bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A strategy to improve the compatibility of carboxyl methyl cellulose with silica fume‐based geopolymer inorganic siliceous coatings for flame‐retarding plywood
Authors: Wang YaChao , Kou Xiaofei , Zhao JiangPing , Deng Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo seek an effective strategy for improving the compatibility of carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) with silica fume‐based geopolymer composite flame‐retarding coatings, a novel silica aerogel (SA) doped inorganic siliceous hybrid coating is fabricated by sol–gel. Results show that an appropriate dosage (0.5 wt%) of SA ameliorates their compatibility thus imparting an enhanced flame resistance, evidenced by the lowest value of fire growth index (0.22 kW·m−2·s−1) decreased by 55% and the average effective heat of combustion (4.16 kW·kg−1) decreased by 31%, the raised flame retardancy index of 5.54 from 1 compared with the control. Because the SA improves the compatibility between the CMC and siliceous colloidal sol, due to its high reactivity, electrostatic repulsion involved in SiO(OH)3−, and high porosity, leading to an enhanced crosslinking during film‐forming of the hybrid coatings. Meanwhile, the reduction between CMC and silica occurs with a swelling fire shield, evidenced by the generated silicon involved in the as‐formed amorphous siliceous residues. Therefore, it proposed a new strategy for optimizing the compatibility of organic–inorganic hybrid fireproof coatings, revealing an efficient design of CMC/inorganic siliceous flame retardants, high‐value recycling technology of solid waste, low‐carbon, and sustainable materials.
Solid‐state Nanopores: Chemical Modifications, Interactions, and Functionalities
Authors: Yang Lei , Hu Jun , Li Min‐Chao , Xu Ming , Gu Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanopore technology is a burgeoning detection technology for single‐molecular sensing and ion rectification. Solid‐state nanopores have attracted more and more attention because of their higher stability and tunability than biological nanopores. However, solid‐state nanopores still suffer the drawbacks of low signal‐to‐noise ratio and low resolution, which hinder their practical applications. Thus, developing operatical and useful methods to overcome the shortages of solid‐state nanopores is urgently needed. Here, we summarize the recent research on nanopore modification to achieve this goal. Modifying solid‐state nanopores with different coating molecules can improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of nanopores. The modified molecules can introduce different functions into the nanopores, greatly expanding the applications of this novel detection technology. We hope that this review of nanopore modification will provide new ideas for this field.
Visible Light Driven Metal‐Free Photoredox Catalyzed α‐benzylation and α‐oxygenation of N‐substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines: Applications to Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Elavarasan Selvaraj , Preety Jeyaraj , Abinaya Ramanjulu , Saravanan Thangavelu , Balasubramanian Kalpattu Kuppusamy , Venkatramaiah Nutalapati , Baskar Baburaj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, visible light mediated organophoto redox catalysed simple and convenient method for the α‐benzylation and α‐oxygenation of tertiary amines is demonstrated. Synthesis of novel thiophenol based donor acceptor organophotoredox catalysts 4 a–4 d were investigated along with commercial catalyst 4‐CzIPN (4 e). A diverse biologically active α‐benzylated tetrahydroisoquinolines and natural products such as (±)‐Norlaudanosine, (±)‐laudanosine and (±)‐xylopinine have been synthesized under the optimized conditions in yields ranging from from 62–91%. Exploitation of synthesized α‐benzylated compound using present phtoredox catalyzed conditions gave rise to dehydyrogenative benzylic oxidation product under oxygen atmosphere which is known to display biologically and structurally important properties. Also, various N‐protected tertiary amines were found to be suitable for the α‐oxygenation reactions using catalyst 4 e and resulted in good yields (61–85%).
Progress, challenges, and future steps in data assimilation for convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction: Report on the virtual meeting held on 10 and 12 November 2021
Authors: Hu Guannan , Dance Sarah L. , Bannister Ross N. , Chipilski Hristo G. , Guillet Oliver , Macpherson Bruce , Weissmann Martin , Yussouf Nusrat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn November 2021, the Royal Meteorological Society Data Assimilation (DA) Special Interest Group and the University of Reading hosted a virtual meeting on the topic of DA for convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction. The goal of the meeting was to discuss recent developments and review the challenges including methodological developments and progress in making the best use of observations. The meeting took place over two half days on the 10 and 12 November, and consisted of six talks and a panel discussion. The scientific presentations highlighted some recent work from Europe and the USA on convection‐permitting DA including novel developments in the assimilation of observations such as cloud‐affected satellite radiances in visible channels, ground‐based profiling networks, aircraft data, and radar reflectivity data, as well as methodological advancements in background and observation error covariance modelling and progress in operational systems. The panel discussion focused on key future challenges including the handling of multiscales (synoptic‐, meso‐, and convective‐scales), ensemble design, the specification of background and observation error covariances, and better use of observations. These will be critical issues to address in order to improve short‐range forecasts and nowcasts of hazardous weather.
The Potential Application of Branch‐PCR Assembled PTEN Gene Nanovector in Lung Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Lu Liqing , Fang Tian , Pang Tuo , Chen Ziyi , Cheng Longhuai , Ma Dejun , Xi Zhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGene therapy offers an alternative and promising avenue to lung cancer treatment. Here, we used dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)‐branched primers to construct a PTEN gene nanovector (NP‐PTEN) through branch‐PCR. NP‐PTEN showed the nanoscale structure with biocompatible size (84.7±11.2 nm) and retained the improved serum stability compared to linear DNA. When transfected into NCI‐H1299 cancer cells, NP‐PTEN could overexpress PTEN protein to restore PTEN functions through the deactivation of PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. The apoptosis rate of NCI‐H1299 cancer cells could reach up to 54.5 %±4.6 % when the transfection concentration of NP‐PTEN was 4.0 μg/mL. In mice bearing NCI‐H1299 tumor xenograft intratumorally administrated with NP‐PTEN, the average tumor volume and tumor weight was separately reduced by 61.7 % and 63.9 %, respectively, compared with the PBS group on the 18th day of administration. The anticancer efficacy of NP‐PTEN in NCI‐H1299 tumor xenograft suggests the promising therapeutic potential of branch‐PCR assembled PTEN gene nanovectors in lung cancer gene therapy and also provided more opportunities to introduce two or more tumor suppressor genes as an all‐in‐one gene nanovector for multiple gene‐based cancer gene therapy.
Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential and Biological Activity of Antiviral Peptides
Authors: Guarracino Danielle A. , Iannaccone Jacqueline , Cabrera Alexander , Kancharla Sneha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeptides are ideal candidates for the development of antiviral therapeutics due to their specificity, chemical diversity and potential for highly potent, safe, molecular interventions. By restricting conformational freedom and flexibility, cyclic peptides frequently increase peptide stability. Viral targets are often very challenging as their evasive strategies for infectivity can preclude standard therapies. In recent years, several peptides from natural sources mitigated an array of viral infections. In parallel, short peptides derived from key viral proteins, modified with chemical groups such as lipids and cell‐penetrating sequences, led to highly effective antiviral inhibitor designs. These strategies have been further developed during the recent COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. Several anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides are gaining ground in pre‐clinical development. Overall, peptides are strong contenders for lead compounds against many life‐threatening viruses and may prove to be the key to future efforts revealing viral mechanisms of action and alleviating their effects.
Radiation reduction in a modern catheterization laboratory: A single‐center experience
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Ajay Abhishek , Agrawal Ankit , Kumar Anirudh , Kaur Manpreet , Isogai Toshiaki , Saad Anas , Abushouk Abdelrahman I. , Abdelfattah Omar , Lak Hassan , Farwati Medhat , Ahuja Keerat , Verma Beni R. , Wunderle Kevin , Ellis Stephen , Khatri Jaikirshan , Ziada Khaled , Krishnaswamy Amar , Kapadia Samir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeasures were undertaken at the Cleveland Clinic to reduce radiation exposure to patients and personnel working in the catheterization laboratories. We report our experience with these improved systems over a 7‐year period in patients undergoing diagnostic catheterization (DC) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs).MethodsPatients were categorized into preinitiative (2009–2012) and postinitiative (2013–2019) groups in the DC and PCI cohorts. Propensity score matching was done between the pre‐ and postinitiative groups for both cohorts based on age, sex, body surface area, total fluoroscopy time, and total acquisition time. The effectiveness of radiation reduction measures was assessed by comparing the total air kerma (Ka,r), and fluoroscopy‐ and acquisition‐mode air kerma in patients in the two groups.ResultsIn the DC cohort, there was a significant reduction in Ka,r in the postinitiative group in comparison to the preinitiative group (median, 396 vs. 857 mGy; p < 0.001). In the PCI cohort, Ka,r in the postinitiative group was 1265 mGy, which was significantly lower than the corresponding values in the preinitiative group (1994 mGy; p < 0.001). We also observed a significant reduction in fluoroscopy‐ and acquisition‐based air kerma rates, and air kerma area product in the postinitiative group in comparison to the preinitiative group in both matched and unmatched DC and PCI cohorts after the institution of radiation reduction measures.ConclusionThere was a significant and sustained reduction in radiation exposure to patients in the catheterization laboratory with the implementation of advanced protocols. Similar algorithms can be applied in other laboratories to achieve a similar reduction in radiation exposure.
Kolorimetrische Bestimmung von Nitrat
Authors: Czubatinski Lars , Hemm Harald , Hornung Gabriele 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein empfindliches Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Nitrat in Stillgewässern im Feld etabliert. Der Nitrat‐Nachweis erfolgt analog der vom Grieß‐Reagenz bekannten Farbreaktion. Die Methode wurde aber so modifiziert, dass sie vor Ort am Gewässer durchgeführt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wurde auch eine Messeinrichtung entwickelt, die eine einfache kolorimetrische Auswertung im Freiland zulässt. Dieses „Boxometer“ setzt sich aus zwei Smartphones und wenigen Alltagsgegenständen zusammen und kann von Laien kostengünstig und einfach nachgebaut werden. Die kolorimetrische Analyse erfolgt dann mit Hilfe des RGB‐Systems in einem Auflicht‐Setting, das innerhalb enger Grenzen eine sensible Untersuchung des Absorptionsverhaltens der Probelösungen erlaubt. Dieses Verfahren kann weiterhin vielseitig in der Lehre eingesetzt werden. Es kann aber auch bei Untersuchungen zur Anwendung kommen, bei denen kolorimetrische Messungen durchgeführt werden sollen, aber kein Spektralphotometer zur Verfügung steht.
Highly Efficient and Biologically Compatible Photoremovable Protecting Group for Releasing Tertiary Amines through Two‐Photon Excitation
Authors: Asad Naeem , Deodato Davide , Gore Sangram , Dore Timothy M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) releasable by two‐photon excitation (2PE) provide spatio‐temporal control over the photoactivation of biological effectors to study biological systems. We synthesized four derivatives of the (8‐cyano‐7‐hydroxyquinolin‐2‐yl)methyl (CyHQ) chromophore by functionalization of position C4 to generate four different derivatives (MeO‐CyHQ, Mor‐CyHQ, pTol‐CyHQ, and TMP‐CyHQ) for studying the release of tertiary amines via 2PE. Sulpiride, an anti‐dopaminergic drug, was selected as a model substrate. All probes had excellent properties for use in biological settings, including high quantum yield (Φu), hydrolytic stability, and good aqueous solubility in simulated physiological buffer. The TMP‐CyHQ probe enhanced the two‐photon uncaging action cross‐section (δu) 8‐fold (2.64 GM) compared to the parent CyHQ‐sulpiride. The optimized PPG was used to mediate the photoactivation of various biological effectors containing the tertiary amine functionality (tamoxifen, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen, yohimbine) using 2PE. All constructs showed excellent efficiency with δu ranging from 1.21 to 2.42 GM and moderate to excellent yields of tertiary amines released.
High Open‐Circuit Voltage Cs2AgBiBr6 Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Green Processing of Ultrasonic Spray‐Coated Carbon Electrodes from Waste Tire Sources
Authors: Schmitz Fabian , Lago Nicolò , Fagiolari Lucia , Burkhart Julian , Cester Andrea , Polo Andrea , Prato Mirko , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Gross Silvia , Bella Federico , Lamberti Francesco , Gatti Teresa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCosts and toxicity concerns are at the center of a heated debate regarding the implementation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) into commercial products. The first bottleneck could be overcome by eliminating the top metal electrode (generally gold) and the underlying hole transporting material and substituting both with one single thick layer of conductive carbon, as in the so‐called carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs). The second issue, related to the presence of lead, can be tackled by resorting to other perovskite structures based on less toxic metallic components. An interesting case is that of the double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6, which at present still lacks the outstanding optoelectronic performances of the lead‐based counterparts but is very stable to environmental factors. In this work, the processing of carbon electrodes onto Cs2AgBiBr6‐based C‐PSCs was reported, starting from an additive‐free isopropanol ink of a carbon material obtained from the hydrothermal recycling of waste tires and employing a high‐throughput ultrasonic spray coating method in normal environmental conditions. Through this highly sustainable approach that ensures a valuable step from an end‐of‐life to an end‐of‐waste status for used tires, devices were obtained delivering a record open circuit voltage of 1.293 V, which might in the future represent ultra‐cheap solutions to power the indoor Internet of Things ecosystem.
Flooding and planting density shape forests in an experimental Everglades landscape: Lessons for forest restoration
Authors: Stoffella Susana L. , Ross Michael S. , Sah Jay P. , Price René M. , Scinto Leonard J. , Cline Eric A. , Sklar Fred H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTree islands, a prominent feature of wetland landscapes worldwide, are patches of forest scattered throughout a matrix of herbaceous marsh. In the Florida Everglades, their development over millennia as elevated, relatively well‐drained features above the wetland surface has made them cultural centers for indigenous people and refugia for a rich assortment of plants and animals. However, since the early years of the twentieth century, the number and area of tree islands have been roughly halved in Everglades National Park and Water Conservation Areas due to scarce or excessive water levels, leading to fires or persistent flooding, respectively. This loss has prompted a need for tree island rehabilitation or reconstruction within the ongoing state–federal partnership to bring about Everglades restoration. In this paper, we present results of a field‐scale experiment that examined the effects of flooding, planting density, and the size and proximity of neighbors on the performance of native tree species on constructed tree islands. Hypotheses derived using the stress‐gradient hypothesis as a framework were tested at the neighborhood level. Flooding reduced survival and mean tree size 7–8 years after initial planting, while planting seedlings at spacings as close as 1 m apart resulted in higher total biomass, with no significant cost in tree survival. Flood‐tolerant species increased in relative abundance during the study period along the entire hydrologic gradient, while flood‐intolerant species were able to survive only at higher elevations. Crowding effects within neighborhoods varied across the flooding gradient. Survival increased or remained stable as neighbor effects increased in high‐flooding zones, while declining sharply as crowding increased under low‐flooding conditions. Similar results were obtained for the growth of flood‐tolerant species under close spacing, with most showing an increment in growth where flooding was high. These data suggest that tree island restoration can benefit from targeted mixed‐species plantings at variable densities, as the compositional and structural heterogeneity promoted by these measures may increase adaptability and resilience to future uncertainties.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Multinary Selenides A10B18Se37 (A=Sn/Pb; B=In/Sb/Bi)
Authors: Chen Guan‐Ruei , Lin Gang , Chen Kuei‐Bo , Wang Ming‐Fang , Lee Chi‐Shen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNew multinary selenides with general formula A10B18Se37 (A=Sn/Pb; B=In/Sb or Sb/Bi) were synthesized with a new structure type in the monoclinic space group C2/m (No. 12), including Sn10In7Sb11Se37, Sn10Bi18Se37, Sn8.21Pb1.79Bi18Se37, and Sn3.84Pb6.16Sb5.68Bi12.32Se37. The crystal structure is related to Proudite‐Felbertalite homologous series and is made up of layered units
derived from the octahedrally coordinated MSe6 with stepped layers of 16 octahedra overlapped by 8 octahedra units, and 1D ribbons
with metal centers coordinated by 3 or 5 Se2− anions. Structural anisotropy leads to their layered shape and strong preferred orientation. The quinary selenide Sn3.84Pb6.16Sb5.68Bi12.32Se37 exhibits n‐type semiconducting behavior and thermoelectric properties with an optimized thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) reaching ∼0.09 at 440 K. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation on a charge‐balanced model with a triple supercell indicates its indirect band gap.
Radical‐Mediated C−H Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives: A Straightforward Strategy for Diverse α‐Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: Hari Babu Madala , Sim Jaehoon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnnatural amino acids are important scaffolds for novel drug candidates, and especially α‐alkyl amino acids have emerged as a valuable variant. This is due to the ubiquity of alkyl groups, which are pervasive as key motifs in natural products, biological and pharmaceutical molecules. The development of radical‐based approaches in organic synthesis has expanded dramatically in recent years. It has enabled site‐ and region‐specific installation of a variety of functionalities in small molecules, which has been spontaneously applied in the preparation of versatile amino acid building blocks. The glycine motif in the backbone of amino acids has gained significant attention for allowing access to a variety of complex α‐unnatural amino acids via radical‐mediated α‐C−H alkylation. This review summarizes the last decade's development of radical‐based α‐C−H alkylation of glycine derivatives to provide unnatural α‐amino acids. The advantages, current limitations, and perspectives of glycine‐based unnatural amino acid synthesis are also discussed.
Critical review of multigeneration system powered by geothermal energy resource from the energy, exergy, and economic point of views
Authors: Azizi Narjes , Esmaeilion Farbod , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Yaghoubirad Maryam , Ahmadi Abolfazl , Aliehyaei Mehdi , Soltani Majid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConcerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels have made the use of renewable sources the world's most important energy challenge. Among renewable energies, geothermal energy has a special place due to its sustainable resources and shallow environmental impacts. These energy sources are classified as low‐grade thermal energy sources, so they cannot independently provide a high amount of thermal energy. Therefore, extensive studies have been conducted on practical methods of using geothermal energy for multigeneration productions. Studies on geothermal energy‐based systems to supply energy to various systems such as chillers, electrolyzers, turbines, and desalination units are reviewed in this study. As the methods, scenarios, and practical possibilities of multigenerational system (MGS) are limited, in this study, while expressing the limitations and problems of these systems, the most critical issues raised in this issue are examined and analyzed, and compatibility, products, Levelized cost of energy, energy and exergy efficiencies, and technical issues are summarized. Also, due to the limitations of geothermal energy sources in recent studies, their combination with other renewable energy sources has been evaluated. Therefore, the classification of studies conducted to combine renewable energy sources with the geothermal system to achieve multigeneration productions is thrown in the last part of this study. The results of the studies show that the combination of geothermal energy with other renewable energy sources is used in 90% of cases to provide heat and cold load and in 10% of cases to generate electrical power. These systems also improve energy and exergy efficiency and economic viability by increasing stability.