bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Interactive Digital Twin for Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process
Authors: Noh Inwoong , Shin Hyewon , Choi Youngwoon , Lee Yongho , Jeon Yongjae , Lee Sang Won 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to inherent drawbacks of metal 3D printing process such poor dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and various defects, a process monitoring system with an appropriate information visualization interface has been required. In the recent technological mega-trend, the 4th industrial revolution, the digital twin technology has received much attention to effectively monitor the process and transfer relevant information to operators. Therefore, in this paper, the interactive digital twin for a directed energy deposition (DED) process, which is one of representative metal 3D printing processes, is developed. First, the DED equipment digital twin is developed by creating a 3D model of the DED machine, and the motions of virtual components are synchronized with physical ones of the machine by attaching an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor to the DED head. Next, the DED process digital twin is developed by pooling objects based on the measured shape of the actual deposited parts. Finally, the DED equipment and process digital twins are combined together to simulate exactly the same as the actual system. Furthermore, the process monitoring function is realized by displaying temperature, shape and size of the melt-pool that are measured by a pyrometer and a CCD camera, respectively. In addition, the diagnosis results of the health state of the DED process are shown in the interactive digital twin.
Selective Laser Melting and Mechanical Properties of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Haynes 214 Alloy
Authors: Poudel Bibek , Nguyen Hoa X. , O’Neil Aaron , Ahmad Mohsan Uddin , Qu Zhiyuan , Kwon Patrick , Chung Haseung 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Haynes 214, a nickel-based superalloy, and its oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) versions (addition of 0.3, and 1.5 wt. % yttria (Y2O3)) have been successfully fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). For each feedstock formulation, optimal processing conditions were identified and high temperature tensile testing coupons were produced. Feedstock preparation and laser scanning strategy have been proven to be critical in the dispersion of nanoparticles in the metal matrix, as well as preventing the formation of extensive crack networks. The impact of Y2O3 addition on the high-temperature tensile properties of Haynes 214 was evaluated and discussed.
3D Printing of Salvinia Water Fern-Inspired Superhydrophobic Structures
Authors: He Qingqing , Bethers Brandon , Tran Brian , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Certain types of Salvinia water ferns present a highly water-repellent upper surface along their floating leaves. This is accomplished through the use of structured trichomes, which create hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. Particularly, there are four different types of trichomes found in Salvinia plants that present these characteristics. They are known as Cucullata type, Oblongifolia type, Natans type and Molesta type. However, these structures are characterized by very small sizes, along with complex shapes. With the advantages of high-efficiency, low-cost, fast-fabrication, and ability of producing microstructures, additive manufacturing (AM), known as 3D printing method, has brought lots of attentions to various academic fields. Herein, we apply a 3D printing method to create biomimetic structures designed after the trichomes on Salvinia. In this work, the hydrophobic properties of the four biomimetic structures were tested through the use of optical contact angle measurements after initial modeling through the CAD program Solidworks. Finally, an Optical Contact Angle measurement device was used to determine the hydrophobic properties of each structure. This study concludes that each of the four biomimetic structures based on the different types of trichomes of Salvinia have hydrophobic performance. In particular, the Natans type and Molesta type show superhydrophobic properties, with the Molesta inspired structure displaying the highest contact angle among the four types. These results suggest that future research into the trichome structures of Salvinia water ferns could produce biomimetic structures with enhanced hydrophobic properties and applications.
Sequential Robust Parameter Design With Sample Size Selection
Authors: Lee Jaesung , Zhou Shiyu , Chen Junhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In designing engineering systems, it is crucial to find a robust design whose responses have minimal variations and satisfies a constraint on the mean, also known as robust parameter design (RPD). Such optimization is challenging because collecting data is often expensive, and modern engineering systems commonly produce responses whose mean and variance are complex unknown functions of control variables. To address these challenges, we propose a stochastic constrained Bayesian optimization for RPD. We construct the Gaussian process dual response surrogate models for the mean and variance of the response by the sample mean and sample variance. The predicted mean and quantified uncertainties through the surrogate models are utilized to exploit the predictions and explore the regions with high uncertainty in the proposed Bayesian optimization method. Because the sample size of the sample mean and sample variance affects the performance significantly, we propose an effective sample size selection scheme, which effectively balances between exploitation and exploration during optimization. The performance of our method is demonstrated in numerical and case studies. In the case study, we used the real-world data for the robust design of the Graphene field-effect transistor nanosensors.
Smart Resin Vat: Real-Time Detecting Failures, Defects, and Curing Area in Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing
Authors: Shan Yujie , Krishnakumar Aravind , Qin Zehan , Mao Huachao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Real-time and in-situ printing performance diagnostic in vat photopolymerization is critical to control printing quality, improve process reliability, and reduce wasted time and materials. This paper proposed a low-cost smart resin vat to monitor the printing process and detect the printing faults. Built on a conventional vat photopolymerization process, we added equally spaced thermistors along the edges of the resin vat. During printing, polymerization heat transferred to the edges of the resin vat, which increased thermistors’ temperature and enhanced resistances. The heat flux received at each thermistor varied with the distance to the place of photopolymerization. The temperature profiles of all thermistors were determined by the curing image pattern in each layer, and vice versa. Machine learning algorithms were leveraged to infer the printing status from the measured temperatures of these thermistors. Specifically, we proposed a simple and robust Failure Index to detect if the printing was active or terminated. Gaussian process regression was utilized to predict the printing area using the temperature recordings within a layer. The model was trained, validated, and tested using the data set collected by printing six parts. Different printing abnormalities, including printing failures, manual printing pause, and missing features (incorrect printing area), were successfully detected. The proposed approach modified the resin vat only and could be easily applied to all vat photopolymerization processes, including SLA, DLP, and LCD based 3D printing. The limitation and future work are also highlighted.
A Shape Registration Methodology for Geometric Deviation Correction in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wang Yuanxiang , Ruiz Cesar , Park Sanglok , Shin Kyeong-Ho , Kim Joo-Hyung , Huang Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To reach the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) for accurate fabrication of complex geometries, extensive work has been done on developing prescriptive models for reducing shape deviations from the intended design. The efficacy of such models relies on proper alignment between the fabricated product and its intended design. However, the most popular registration procedures are extremely sensitive to local shape deformation and global distortion of the final product. This leads to incorrect assessments of the shape deviation patterns and making improvement efforts futile. This paper presents a new shape registration method robust to distortions to facilitate the correction or compensation of shape deviation in AM. It sequentially constrains rigid transformation parameters to reveal the true deformation of the product. A statistical control chart is adopted to filter the measurement data, which is later registered to the corresponding design for deviation identification. Simulation and case studies show that the proposed methodology provides consistent geometric quality assessments in the presence of global distortion compared to the existing methods.
Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Based Trust Evaluation Method for Cloud Manufacturing Service
Authors: Pei Jiang , Mingxing Wang , Xiaobin Li , Chao Yin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the cloud manufacturing (CMfg) model, users can get various high-quality, efficient manufacturing services (MSs) on-demand through the connection between the Internet of things and cloud platforms. While the problem of the reliable identification of MSs is one of the keys to the efficient operation of the cloud platform and the popularization and application of CMfg. To address this problem, a trust evaluation index system and a credible evaluation model considered the similarity and recommendation reliability between users’ behaviors are proposed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the factors that affect the credibility of MSs in the cloud environment, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced to calculate the weight of each trusted evaluation index. In addition, a trusted estimation method based on collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm (CFRA) is proposed to solve the model and judge whether the MSs are trusted to the target user according to the obtained predictive valuation value. Finally, compared with PSO and GA, an example is employed to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the model and method, which can find a trusted MS for users and greatly save retrieval time.
Illness behaviour and influencing aspects of general practitioners in Germany and their use of the health care system: a qualitative study
Authors: Schulz Sven , Hecker Friederike , Sauerbrey Ulf , Wolf Florian 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore aspects that play a role when general practitioners (GPs) become ill and thus gain a more comprehensive understanding of the overall illness behaviour of GPs and their use of the healthcare system.SettingPrimary care practices in Thuringia, Germany.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 16 GPs.DesignQualitative study design with semistructured interviews and content analysis.ResultsUsing our approach of having participants report their own episodes of illness, we found that self-treatment was practised and accepted by all 16 participants. The widespread use of naturopathy and complementary methods seems to be a special feature of German GPs. Formal use of the healthcare system mainly took place through direct consultation with specialists.Our study revealed various aspects influencing the illness behaviour of the GPs and their use of the healthcare system. Some aspects also apply to lay patients, but it became clear how strongly illness behaviour is influenced by participants’ activities as physicians. Noteworthy and less described aspects are especially the influence of patients and practice staff, the influence of biographical and professional imprint and the attitudes and values of the physicians.Complex inter-relationships were found between illness behaviour and influencing aspects; these are subjected to a dynamic and recursive process.ConclusionsThe illness behaviour of German GPs seems to be comprehensively influenced by their activities as responsible healthcare providers. The ability to perceive and reflect in this regards should already be actively promoted in studies and further education. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the inter-relationships.
Developing a core outcome set for physical activity interventions in primary schools: a modified-Delphi study
Authors: Ram Bina , Foley Kimberley A , van Sluijs Esther , Hargreaves Dougal S , Viner Russell M , Saxena Sonia 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo develop a core outcome set (COS) for physical activity interventions in primary schools.DesignModified-Delphi study.SettingThe UK and international.Participants104 participants from four stakeholder groups (educators, public health professionals, health researchers, parents); 16 children (aged 8–9 years) from 1 London primary school.InterventionsPhysical activity interventions.MethodsFour-stage process: (1) outcomes extracted from relevant studies identified from an umbrella review and a focus group; (2) list of outcomes produced and domains established; (3) stakeholders completed a two-round Delphi survey by rating (Round 1) and re-rating (Round 2) each outcome on a nine-point Likert Scale from ‘not important’ to ‘critical’: a>70% participant threshold identified the outcomes rated ‘critical’ to measure, and outcomes important to children were identified through a workshop; and (4) a stakeholder meeting to achieve consensus of the outcomes to include in the COS.ResultsIn total, 74 studies were extracted from 53 reviews. A list of 50 outcomes was produced and three domains were established: ‘physical activity and health’ (16 outcomes), ‘social and emotional health’ (22 outcomes) and ‘educational performance’ (12 outcomes). 104 participants completed survey Round 1; 65 participants completed both rounds. In total, 13 outcomes met the threshold; children identified 8 outcomes. Fourteen outcomes achieved consensus to produce the COS: five outcomes for physical activity and health (diet (varied and balanced), energy, fitness, intensity of physical activity, sleep (number of hours)); seven outcomes for social and emotional health (anxiety, depression, enjoyment, happiness, self-esteem, stress, well-being); and two outcomes for educational performance (concentration, focus).ConclusionsWe have developed the first COS for physical activity interventions in primary schools in consultation with those interested in the development and application of an agreed standardised set of outcomes. Future studies including these outcomes will reduce heterogeneity across studies.Trial registration numberCore Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative registration number 1322; Results.
Quantifying the contribution of smoking to regional mortality disparities in Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Grigoriev Pavel , Klüsener Sebastian , van Raalte Alyson 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesSubstantial regional variation in smoking behaviour in Germany has been well documented. However, little is known about how these regional differences in smoking affect regional mortality disparities. We aim to assess the contribution of smoking to regional mortality differentials in Germany over the last four decades.DesignA cross-sectional study using official cause-specific mortality data by German Federal State aggregated into five macro-regions: East, North, South, West-I and West-II.ParticipantsThe entire population of Germany stratified by sex, age and region during 1980–2019.Main outcome measuresSmoking-attributable fraction estimated using the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method; life expectancy at birth before and after the elimination of smoking-attributable deaths.ResultsIn all macro-regions, the burden of past smoking has been declining among men but growing rapidly among women. The hypothetical removal of smoking-attributable deaths would eliminate roughly half of the contemporary advantage in life expectancy of the vanguard region South over the other macro-regions, apart from the East. In the latter, smoking only explains around a quarter (0.5 years) of the 2-year difference in male life expectancy compared with the South observed in 2019. Among women, eliminating smoking-attributable deaths would put the East in a more disadvantageous position compared with the South as well as the other macro-regions.ConclusionWhile regional differences in smoking histories explain large parts of the regional disparities in male mortality, they are playing an increasingly important role for female mortality trends and differentials. Health policies aiming at reducing regional inequalities should account for regional differences in past smoking behaviour.
Understanding eating behaviours, mental health and weight change in young adults: protocol paper for an international longitudinal study
Authors: Whatnall Megan , Fozard Therese , Kolokotroni Katerina Z , Marwood Jordan , Evans Tamla , Ells Louisa Jane , Burrows Tracy 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding the complexities of change in eating behaviours, mental health, well-being and weight is crucial to inform healthcare and service provision, particularly in light of the exacerbating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to address the need for more comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence, by tracking eating behaviours, mental health, health related behaviours and weight over a 12-month period, in a sample of young adults (18–35 years) in the UK and Australia.Methods and analysisOnline surveys administered via the Prolific online research platform will be used for data collection at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The survey (approximately 45 min) measures demographics, the impact of COVID-19, body mass index (BMI), weight management and health service usage, eating behaviours, personality, mental health, and health-related behaviours. An optional substudy component at each time point aims to validate self-reported weight in the main survey through images. Study inclusion criteria are; aged 18–34 years at baseline, BMI ≥20 kg/m2, and residing in the UK or Australia. A target of 500 participants at baseline was set, recruited through Prolific, and with recruitment stratified by BMI, sex and country. The proposed analyses include creating static predictive models using baseline data (eg, using latent class analysis, factor analysis or similar), and mapping changes longitudinally (eg, using multivariate regressions). These analyses will enable changes in the study measures to be identified, as well as predictors and outcomes of change.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by Leeds Beckett University, UK (reference number 86004) and the University of Newcastle, Australia (reference number H-2022–0110). Study findings will be disseminated through scientific journals, conferences, institute websites and social media, and briefings tailored to policy, practice and the public, with the intention to help inform the future development of health and well-being care and support for young adults across Australia and the UK.
Total retinal thickness: a neglected factor in the evaluation of inner retinal thickness
Authors: Banghart Mark , Lee Kyungmoo , Bahrainian Mozhdeh , Staggers Kristen , Amos Christopher , Liu Yao , Domalpally Amitha , Frankfort Benjamin J , Sohn Elliott H , Abramoff Michael , Channa Roomasa 
Published: September 2022

AimTo determine whether macular retinal nerve fibre layer (mRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses vary by ethnicity after accounting for total retinal thickness.MethodsWe included healthy participants from the UK Biobank cohort who underwent macula-centred spectral domain-optical coherence tomography scans. mRNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses were determined for groups from different self-reported ethnic backgrounds. Multivariable regression models adjusting for covariables including age, gender, ethnicity and refractive error were built, with and without adjusting for total retinal thickness.Results20237 participants were analysed. Prior to accounting for total retinal thickness, mRNFL thickness was on average 0.9 μm (−1.2, –0.6; p<0.001) lower among Asians and 1.5 μm (−2.3, –0.6; p<0.001) lower among black participants compared with white participants. Prior to accounting for total retinal thickness, the average GC-IPL thickness was 1.9 μm (−2.5, –1.4; p<0.001) lower among Asians compared with white participants, and 2.4 μm (−3.9, –1.0; p=0.001) lower among black participants compared with white participants. After accounting for total retinal thickness, the layer thicknesses were not significantly different among ethnic groups. When considered as a proportion of total retinal thickness, mRNFL thickness was ~0.1 and GC-IPL thickness was ~0.2 across age, gender and ethnic groups.ConclusionsThe previously reported ethnic differences in layer thickness among groups are likely driven by differences in total retinal thickness. Our results suggest using layer thickness ratio (retinal layer thicknesses/total retinal thickness) rather than absolute thickness values when comparing retinal layer thicknesses across groups.
Does pre-injury clopidogrel use increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage post head injury in adult patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moffatt Samuel , Venturini Sara , Vulliamy Paul 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSeveral current guidelines do not include antiplatelet use as an explicit indication for CT scan of the head following head injury. The impact of individual antiplatelet agent use on rates of intracranial haemorrhage is unclear. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess if clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (tICH) on CT of the head within 24 hours of presentation following head trauma compared with no antithrombotic controls.MethodsEligible studies were non-randomised studies with participants aged ≥18 years old with head injury. Studies had to have conducted CT of the head within 24 hours of presentation and contain a no antithrombotic control group and a clopidogrel monotherapy group.Eight databases were searched from inception to December 2020. Assessment of identified studies against inclusion criteria and data extraction were carried out independently and in duplicate by two authors.Quality assessment and risk of bias (ROB) were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment tool and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and reported as an OR and 95% CI.ResultsSeven studies were eligible for inclusion with a total of 21 898 participants that were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Five studies were retrospective. Clopidogrel monotherapy was not significantly associated with an increase in risk of tICH compared with no antithrombotic controls (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.75). Heterogeneity was high with an I2of 75%. Sensitivity analysis produced an I2of 21% and did not show a significant association between clopidogrel monotherapy and risk of tICH (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.55). All studies scored for moderate to serious ROB on categories in the ROBINS-I tool.ConclusionIncluded studies were vulnerable to confounding and several were small-scale studies. The results should be interpreted with caution given the ROB identified. This study does not provide statistically significant evidence that clopidogrel monotherapy patients are at increased risk of tICH after head injury compared with no antithrombotic controls.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020223541.