bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐based analysis and evolution of a monomerized red‐colored chromoprotein from the Olindias formosa jellyfish
Authors: Zhai Le , Nakashima Ryosuke , Shinoda Hajime , Ike Yoshimasa , Matsuda Tomoki , Nagai Takeharu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGFP‐like chromoproteins (CPs) with non‐fluorescence ability have been used as bioimaging probes. Existing CPs have voids in the optical absorption window which limits their extensibility. The development of new CP color is therefore ongoing. Here, we cloned CPs from the jellyfish, Olindias formosa, and developed a completely non‐fluorescent monomeric red CP, R‐Velour, with an absorption peak at 528 nm. To analyze the photophysical properties from a structural aspect, we determined the crystal structure of R‐Velour at a 2.1 Å resolution. R‐Velour has a trans‐chromophore similar to the green fluorescence protein, Gamillus, derived from the same jellyfish. However, in contrast to the two coplanar chromophoric rings in Gamillus, R‐Velour has a large torsion inducing non‐fluorescence property. Through site‐directed mutagenesis, we surveyed residues surrounding the chromophore and found a key residue, Ser155, which contributes to the generation of four‐color variants with the bathochromic and hypsochromic shift of the absorption peak, ranging from 506 to 554 nm. The recently proposed spectrum shift theory, based on the Marcus–Hush model, supports the spectrum shift of these mutants. These findings may support further development of R‐Velour variants with useful absorption characteristics for bioimaging, including fluorescence lifetime imaging and photoacoustic imaging.
Synthetic antibodies block receptor binding and current‐inhibiting effects of α‐cobratoxin from Naja kaouthia
Authors: Miersch Shane , de la Rosa Guillermo , Friis Rasmus , Ledsgaard Line , Boddum Kim , Laustsen Andreas H. , Sidhu Sachdev S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEach year, thousands of people fall victim to envenomings caused by cobras. These incidents often result in death due to paralysis caused by α‐neurotoxins from the three‐finger toxin (3FTx) family, which are abundant in elapid venoms. Due to their small size, 3FTxs are among the snake toxins that are most poorly neutralized by current antivenoms, which are based on polyclonal antibodies of equine or ovine origin. While antivenoms have saved countless lives since their development in the late 18th century, an opportunity now exists to improve snakebite envenoming therapy via the application of new biotechnological methods, particularly by developing monoclonal antibodies against poorly neutralized α‐neurotoxins. Here, we describe the use of phage‐displayed synthetic antibody libraries and the development and characterization of six synthetic antibodies built on a human IgG framework and developed against α‐cobratoxin – the most abundant long‐chain α‐neurotoxin from Naja kaouthia venom. The synthetic antibodies exhibited sub‐nanomolar affinities to α‐cobratoxin and neutralized the curare‐mimetic effect of the toxin in vitro. These results demonstrate that phage display technology based on synthetic repertoires can be used to rapidly develop human antibodies with drug‐grade potencies as inhibitors of venom toxins.
Nucleoside analog GS‐441524: pharmacokinetics in different species, safety, and potential effectiveness against Covid‐19
Authors: Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Thomsen Ragnar , Hansen Peter Riis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGS‐441524, the parent nucleoside of remdesivir, has been proposed to be effective against Covid‐19 based on in vitro studies and studies in animals. However, randomized clinical trials of the agent to treat Covid‐19 have not been conducted. Here, we evaluated GS‐441524 for Covid‐19 treatment based on studies reporting pharmacokinetic parameters of the agent in mice, rats, cats, dogs, monkeys, and the single individual in the first‐in‐human trial supplemented with information about its activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and safety. A dosing interval of 8 h was considered clinically relevant and used to calculate steady‐state plasma concentrations of GS‐441524. These ranged from 0.27 to 234.41 μM, reflecting differences in species, doses, and administration routes. Fifty percent maximal inhibitory concentrations of GS‐441524 against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ranged from 0.08 μM to above 10 μM with a median of 0.87 μM whereas concentrations required to produce 90% of the maximal inhibition of the virus varied from 0.18 µM to more than 20 µM with a median of 1.42 µM in the collected data. Most of these concentrations were substantially lower than the calculated steady‐state plasma concentrations of the agent. Plasma exposures to orally administered GS‐441524, calculated after normalization of doses, were larger for dogs, mice, and rats than cynomolgus monkeys and humans, probably reflecting interspecies differences in oral uptake with reported oral bioavailabilities below 8.0% in cynomolgus monkeys and values as high as 92% in dogs. Reported oral bioavailabilities in rodents ranged from 12% to 57%. Using different presumptions, we estimated human oral bioavailability of GS‐441524 at 13% and 20%. Importantly, doses of GS‐441524 lower than the 13 mg/kg dose used in the first‐in‐human trial may be effective against Covid‐19. Also, GS‐441524 appears to be well‐tolerated. In conclusion, GS‐441524 has potential for oral treatment of Covid‐19.
Analysis of MTG‐IRS observations and general channel selection for numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Coopmann O. , Fourrié N. , Guidard V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Infrared Sounder (IRS) is an infrared Fourier transform spectrometer that will be on board the Meteosat Third Generation series of the future European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites geostationary satellites and will have a unique four‐dimensional look at the atmosphere. After its planned launch in 2024, it will be able to measure the radiance emitted by the Earth at the top of the atmosphere using 1,960 channels in two spectral bands between 680–1,210 cm (long‐wave infrared) and 1,600–2,250 cm (mid‐wave infrared) at a spectral sampling of 0.6 cm. It will perform measurements over the full Earth disk with high spatial and temporal resolution of 4 km at nadir and 30 min over Europe. Thus, the huge amount of data from IRS will present challenges, particularly in data transmission, data storage, and assimilation into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. To reduce the volume of data, various methods are available, including spatial sampling, principal component analysis, and channel selection. The latter technique will be discussed in this paper by proposing general channel selection to provide NWP models. The objective of this selection is to improve essential variables for NWP such as temperature, humidity, skin temperature, and ozone. This work has required the development of a large observation database and takes into account the main developments in assimilation techniques, including the use of full observation‐error covariance matrices or the assimilation of ozone in global models, for example. This study performs a specific analysis of the sensitivity of IRS observations and proposes a first general selection of 300 channels for NWP models. This selection allows us to reduce the analysis error in the troposphere by 48% in temperature, 65% in humidity, and 17% in ozone.
Predefined‐time tracking control for high‐order nonlinear systems with control saturation
Authors: Gong Youmin , Guo Yanning , Li Dongyu , Ma Guangfu , Ran Guangtao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an innovative predefined‐time tracking control algorithm is proposed for high‐order nonlinear systems with control saturation and disturbance, which can directly calculate the upper bound of settling‐time by user‐defined parameters. First, a predefined‐time observer based on tracking differentiator is applied to handle the disturbance. Next, a new predefined‐time tracking control algorithm is designed using the backstepping method, and a novel auxiliary dynamic system is designed to deal with the control saturation. The stability of the closed‐loop system is analyzed applying Lyapunov function‐like method. The derivative of the virtual controller is obtained by the first‐order filter to reduce the computation burden. It is worth mentioning that, different from the exiting results, all parameters related to settling‐time in each virtual controller can be selected differently, and it can improve the flexibility of the controller design. Finally, the robustness and effectiveness of the investigated algorithm have been demonstrated by two typical numerical simulations.
DisCrit Literacies: Early Childhood Teachers Critically Reading School as Text and Imagining an Otherwise
Authors: Beneke Margaret R. , Machado Emily , Taitingfong Jordan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this participatory case study, we explored the critical literacy practices of early‐career early childhood teachers in a year‐long inquiry group, examining how they collectively read school as text through DisCrit literacies. Bridging literature from Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) and critical literacies scholarship, DisCrit literacies involve practices of critically reading school itself as text and uncovering intersecting systems of ableism and racism. We describe teachers’ collective engagement in DisCrit literacies, in which they: (a) deconstructed literacy practices and broader schooling mechanisms through repeated shared readings; (b) implicated themselves through critical readings of literacy classroom artifacts; and (c) identified and designed spaces of subversion and refusal in their literacy classrooms. Across each of these practices, early career early childhood teachers in our study used critical reading practices rooted in interdependence and presumptions of competence to redesign literacy routines. Ultimately, DisCrit literacies supported teachers in dismantling systems of regulation and classification in their early literacy classrooms, and—in solidarity with multiply‐marginalized children— imagining otherwise possibilities. We conclude with implications for teacher education and research, exploring how we might use DisCrit literacies to move toward humanizing early literacy spaces with and for multiply‐marginalized young children.
Tumor Customized 2D Supramolecular Nanodiscs for Ultralong Tumor Retention and Precise Photothermal Therapy of Highly Heterogeneous Cancers
Authors: Lin Peng , Xue Yucheng , Mu Xueluer , Shao Youyou , Lu Qian , Jin Xiangang , Yinwang Eloy , Zhang Zengjie , Zhou Hao , Teng Wangsiyuan , Sun Hangxiang , Chen Weida , Shi Wei , Shi Cangyi , Zhou Xianfeng , Jiang Xuesheng , Yu Xiaohua , Ye Zhaoming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTarget therapy for highly heterogeneous cancers represents a major clinical challenge due to the lack of recurrent therapeutic targets identified in these tumors. Herein, the authors report a tumor‐customized targeting photothermal therapy (PTT) strategy for highly heterogeneous cancers, by which 2D supramolecular self‐assembled nanodiscs are modified with tumor‐specific binding peptides identified by phage display techniques. Taking osteosarcoma (OS) as a model heterogeneous cancer, an OS targeting peptide (OTP) is first selected after biopanning and is demonstrated to successfully bind to this heterogeneous cancer cells/tissues. Successful conjugation of OTP to heptamethine cyanine (Cy7)‐based 2D nanodiscs Cy7‐TCF (2‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran,TCF) enables the 2D nanodiscs to specifically target the heterogeneous tumor. Notably, a single dose injection of this targeted nanodisc (T‐ND) not only effectively induces enhanced photothermal tumor ablation under near‐infrared light, but also exhibits sevenfold increase of tumor retention time (more than 24 days) compared to generic nanomedicine. Thus, the authors’ findings suggest that the combination of phage display‐based affinity peptides selection and 2D supramolecular nanodiscs leads to the development of a platform technology for highly heterogeneous cancers precise therapy, offering specific tumor targeting, ultralong tumor retention, and precise PTT.
Large‐Scale Production of Ligand‐Engineered Robust Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by a Droplet‐Based Microreactor System
Authors: Geng Yuhao , Guo Jiazhuang , Wang Huiqing , Ling Si Da , Chen Zhuo , Chen Su , Xu Jianhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (CLHP NCs) have a wide range of potential applications benefited from the properties of high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), wide luminous gamut, and narrow half peak width. However, due to the ionic nature and sensitivity to moisture, oxygen, or heat, perovskite nanocrystals are too fragile to maintain their crystal structure and optical properties. This work proposes solutions to two key issues in the development of CLHP NCs. First, a productive droplet‐based microreactor system is designed to accomplish the scale‐up production of CLHP NCs, obtaining sub‐gram high‐purity nanocrystal powders in a single production process. Second, CLHP NCs which are stable in polar solvents, air environment, and high temperature by using 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as basic ligand are obtained. Wrapped with Si–O–Si generated by APTES, the CLHP NCs exhibit a longer fluorescence lifetime and higher quantum yield. Especially, the PLQY of CsPbBr3@APTES can be stable at higher than 90% for more than 10 days. The Si–O–Si protective layer can also suppress the anion exchange between CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3, maintaining the monochromaticity of nanocrystal luminescence. Eventually, full‐spectrum quantum light‐emitting diode (QLED) beads with robust nanocrystals are fabricated. The gamut of CsPbX3@APTES encompasses 140% of the NTSC color gamut standard.
Context modeling for cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Daun Marian , Tenbergen Bastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen developing cyber‐physical systems (CPS), the context is of vital importance. CPS interact with the world not only through sensing the environment and acting upon it (like embedded systems) but also by communicating with other CPS (like systems in the Internet of Things [IoT]). This means that the context interactions CPS must deal with are much greater than regular embedded or IoT systems: On the one hand, external systems and human users constrain the specific interaction among them. On the other hand, properties of these external systems, human users, and laws, regulations, or standards constrain the way the CPS must be developed. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive, ontologically grounded context modeling framework to systematically explore the problem space in which a CPS under development will operate. This allows for the systematic elicitation of requirements for the CPS, early validation and verification of its properties, and safety assessment of its context interactions at runtime.
Freestanding Helical Nanostructured Chiro‐Photonic Crystal Film and Anticounterfeiting Label Enabled by a Cholesterol‐Grafted Light‐Driven Molecular Motor
Authors: Bao Jinying , Wang Zizheng , Shen Chen , Huang Rui , Song Chenjie , Li Zhaozhong , Hu Wei , Lan Ruochen , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDesign and fabrication of freestanding chiro‐photonic crystal film with the ability to change color over the whole visible light spectrum is appealing for anticounterfeiting technology and smart labels. Utilizing a newly synthesized light‐responsive molecular motor functionalized with cholesterol (chol‐MM) on the rotor, novel light‐controlled photonic crystal is prepared by doping the novel chol‐MM into liquid crystals (LCs). Thanks to the liquid crystalline cholesterol substituent, the chol‐MM can be triggered by visible light (420 nm). At the same time, the miscibility of chol‐MM in LC matrix is significantly enhanced. Integrating the chol‐MM with thermochromic hydrogen‐bonded LC matrix, thermal and light dual‐responsive cholesteric LC (CLC) material is prepared, in which the nanoscale helical pitch is tunable by photo‐induced molecular motions of chol‐MM. More importantly, utilizing UV‐initiated polymerization of the visible light‐modulated CLC material, structural colored photonic crystal films with arbitrary colorful patterns are fabricated. Such freestanding helical nanostructured labels have potential in the application of encrypted communication and anticounterfeiting.
Slab–column connection punching and ductility improvement methods for seismic response of buildings with flat slabs
Authors: Isufi Brisid , Almeida André , Marreiros Rui , Ramos António Pinho , Lúcio Válter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReplicating boundary conditions of slab–column connections under seismic loading in a realistic manner is difficult, and different test setups have been used throughout the years. An innovative test setup has been developed at NOVA School of Science and Technology, and it has been used to test various punching shear behavior enhancement methods, including stirrups, headed studs, fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC), high‐strength concrete (HSC), and post‐installed bolts under similar conditions. The aim of this paper is to compare the results from these different solutions for seismic loading. It is shown that relatively large drift ratios at failure can be achieved in slabs containing shear reinforcement. However, less conventional methods such as FRC and HSC are shown to be promising alternatives. Compared to reference specimens that failed at 1% drift, the other specimens with various enhancement methods achieved significantly higher drifts, ranging from 2.5% to above 6.0%.
Axial behavior of RC column strengthened with laterally reinforced FRHPC jacket
Authors: Lu Chun‐Ling , Ouyang Kang , Wang Qiang , Zhu Wan‐Xu , Chen Hou‐Qiong , Lei Zhen‐Xin , Qin Zong‐Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper is aimed to examine the axial compression performance of reinforced concrete (RC) base column specimens strengthened by fiber‐reinforced high‐performance concrete (FRHPC) jackets using the enlarged cross‐section method. For this purpose, the axial compression performance test is performed on one un‐strengthened column and four strengthened columns to assess the effects of FRHPC jacket thickness, whether the jacket was configured with stirrup and the spacing of stirrup were considered. Based on the theory of confined concrete and the FRHPC principal structure relationship, a theoretical calculation model is also established to explore the axial load‐carrying capacity of the columns. The test results indicate that an increase of the cross‐sectional reinforcement of the FRHPC jacket can enhance the axial compression load capacity and ductility of the columns. Furthermore, an increase in the FRHPC jacket thickness leads to the growth of the load capacity; however, there is no significant increase on the ground of its ductility. The addition of stirrup in the FRHPC jacket can improve both load capacity and ductility of the columns such that the smaller the spacing of the stirrup, the greater the increase of both load capacity and ductility. The predicted results by the proposed model are in good agreement with those of the tests.
Early elementary (K‐4) teachers' perceptions of the developmental appropriateness, importance, and potential for classroom inclusion of key nature of science aspects
Authors: Sweeney Sophia J. , McComas William F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNational science reform documents recommend several nature of science (NOS) elements to introduce to children early in the science curriculum. A researcher developed questionnaire was used to gather information from a random, national sample about early elementary teachers' perceptions of the developmental appropriateness of 12 NOS aspects for the grade level taught, ratings of the importance of the NOS elements in the K‐4 curriculum, and the teachers' self‐reported introduction of the NOS elements during the school year. Binary logistic regression was used to determine if the teachers' introduction of the NOS aspects could be predicted from their perceptions of developmental appropriateness and importance. At least 90% of teachers identified the inferential, empirical, and creative aspects as developmentally appropriate; over half identified another six NOS aspects asimportantorvery important. At least half of the 377 respondents reported classroom introduction of the inferential, empirical, creative, collaborative, tentative, and cultural NOS elements, as well as the idea that no single step‐by‐step scientific method exists. Developmental appropriateness was a significant predictor of teachers' self‐reported introduction for nine of the 12 NOS, and importance was a significant predictor for all 12 NOS elements. The implications of this study for science education are discussed.
Enacting a Permeable Curriculum: Language Inquiry with Popular Music
Authors: Sherbine Kortney 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this teaching tip, I describe how students in my second grade classroom and I developed a curricular structure called Monday Music that involved reading, singing, the study of grammar conventions in the English language, and critical conversations about popular music. Drawing on Dyson's conceptualization of the permeable curriculum, I offer suggestions for teachers who are interested in getting to know more about their students' interests and experiences out of school and are seeking ways to amplify those interests and experiences in the classroom in meaningful ways.
Structural imaging findings are related to clinical complications in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Nordaas Ingrid Kvåle , Tjora Erling , Dimcevski Georg , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. , Olesen Søren Schou , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Zviniene Kristina , Barauskas Giedrius , Bayram Berivan Kyed , Nørregaard Peter , Borch Anders , Nøjgaard Camilla , Jensen Annette Bøjer , Kardasheva Svetlana S. , Okhlobystin Alexey , Hauge Truls , Waage Anne , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Engjom Trond ,   Scandinavian Baltic Pancreatic Club
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/objectivesStructural pancreatic changes and complications related to chronic pancreatitis are well described, but little is known about their relationship. We aimed to explore the associations between pancreatic morphology and clinical complications in a large chronic pancreatitis cohort.MethodsThe Scandinavian Baltic Pancreatic Club database collects registrations on patients with definite or probable chronic pancreatitis according to the M‐ANNHEIM diagnostic criteria. In this cross‐sectional study, we used multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate whether imaging‐based structural pancreatic changes were associated with common clinical complications. We adjusted for sex, age, disease duration, current alcohol abuse and current smoking.ResultsWe included 742 patients with a mean age of 55 years. Among these, 68% were males, 69% had pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, 35% had diabetes, 12% were underweighted and 68% reported abdominal pain. Main pancreatic duct obstruction, severe (i.e. more than 14) calcifications, pancreatic atrophy and parenchymal changes throughout the entire pancreas (continuous organ involvement) were positively associated with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Continuous organ involvement and pseudocysts were positively and negatively associated with diabetes, respectively. Pancreatic atrophy and severe calcifications were positively associated with underweight, and severe calcifications were negatively associated with pain.ConclusionsThis study shows independent associations between distinct structural changes on pancreatic imaging and clinical complications in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic atrophy, severe calcifications and continuous organ involvement may be of particular clinical relevance, and these findings should motivate monitoring of pancreatic function and nutritional status.