bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain magnetic resonance imaging predictors in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Zhao Ying‐Ying , Han Bing , Qin Cui‐Hong , Shi Xue‐Xiu , Yun Wen‐Jing , Wang Meng , Yuan Bo , Sun Tong‐Wen , Wang Hai‐Xu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis are nonspecific and rarely have obvious associations with clinical characteristics and outcomes. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the MRI features of patients with NMDAR encephalitis, examine their associations with clinical characteristics, and evaluate their predictive power for disease recurrence and prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively extracted the clinical data and brain MRI findings of 144 patients with NMDAR encephalitis. Patients underwent a 2‐year follow‐up to assess disease outcomes. We evaluated the associations of brain MRI findings at the onset with clinical characteristics, recurrence, and prognosis.ResultsInitial MRI showed typical abnormalities in 65 patients (45.1%); of these, 34 (29.3%) developed recurrence and 10 (9.4%) had poor prognosis (mRS ≥3). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that insula abnormalities were associated with acute seizure (odds ratio [OR] = 3.048, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–9.060) and white matter lesions were associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 2.730, 95% CI: 1.096–6.799). Risk factors for a poor 2‐year prognosis included a higher number of brain MRI abnormalities (OR = 1.573, 95% CI: 1.129–2.192) and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (OR = 15.312, 95% CI: 1.684–139.198). The risk factors for 2‐year recurrence included abnormalities of the thalamus (HR = 3.780, 95% CI: 1.642–8.699).InterpretationsBrain MRI features of patients with NMDAR encephalitis were associated with clinical manifestations, prognosis, and recurrence. Higher numbers of MRI abnormalities and ICU admissions were predictive of poor prognosis. Abnormalities of the thalamus constituted a recurrence‐related risk factor.
Perceived Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Physical Activity Among Adult Patients With Rheumatologic Disease
Authors: Saxena‐Beem Shruti , Dickson Teresa A. , Englund Tessa R. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , McCormick Emily M. , Santana Andres E. , Walker Julie A. , Allen Kelli D. , Sheikh Saira Z. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on physical activity (PA) levels of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and to examine factors associated with decreased PA.MethodsA sample of adult patients with RMDs (n = 7,776) was identified through electronic medical records from an academic health care system in North Carolina. Invitations to participate in an online survey were sent between July 2020 and September 2020 to assess self‐reported changes in PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics, age‐adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to examine patient characteristics associated with decreased PA.ResultsA total of 893 eligible participants completed the survey (mean age 57.8 ± 14.9 years, 75.8% female). The most common primary diagnoses reported among participants included rheumatoid arthritis (27.3%), osteoarthritis (16.0%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (13.0%). More than half of participants (56.8%) reported engaging in less PA since the pandemic began. Factors associated with engaging in less PA included lower self‐reported general health (POR, 2.21; CI, 1.64‐2.97) and a diagnosis of SLE (POR, 1.57; CI, 1.03‐2.38). Comorbidities associated with decreased PA included chronic pain (POR, 1.38; CI, 1.04‐1.82), depression (POR, 1.48; CI, 1.09‐2.01), and hypertension (POR, 1.44; CI, 1.10‐1.90).ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated barriers to PA in patients with RMDs. There is a critical need to provide resources, support, and multifaceted programs to encourage PA in patients with RMDs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Persistent Luminescence in Strontium Aluminate: A Roadmap to a Brighter Future
Authors: Van der Heggen David , Joos Jonas J. , Feng Ang , Fritz Verena , Delgado Teresa , Gartmann Nando , Walfort Bernhard , Rytz Daniel , Hagemann Hans , Poelman Dirk , Viana Bruno , Smet Philippe F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlow‐in‐the‐dark materials have been around for a long time. While formerly materials had to be mixed with radioactive elements to achieve a sufficiently long and bright afterglow, these have now been replaced by much safer alternatives. Notably strontium aluminate, SrAl2O4, doped with europium and dysprosium, has been discovered over two decades ago and since then the phosphor has transcended its popular use in watch dials, safety signage, or toys with more niche applications such as stress sensing, photocatalysis, medical imaging, or flicker‐free light‐emitting diodes. A lot of research efforts are focused on further improving the storage capacity of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+, including in nanosized particles, and on finding the underlying physical mechanism to fully explain the afterglow in this material and related compounds. Here an overview of the most important results from the research on SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ is presented and different models and the underlying physics are discussed to explain the trapping mechanism at play in these materials.
Short‐Wave Infrared Synaptic Phototransistor with Ambient Light Adaptability for Flexible Artificial Night Visual System
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Yanwei , Liu Guocai , Liu Kai , Wei Xiaofang , Zhu Mingliang , Wen Wei , Zhao Zhiyuan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlexible organic monitoring system that can work in short‐wave infrared (SIR) region has great potential in autonomous driving, night driving safety, military encryption, biomedical imaging, and robot engineering. Especially, the development of infrared artificial vision system device that can autonomously improve the computing speed and adapt to different brightness ambient light is very important. However, it is a challenge for mimicking infrared visual adaptation because of the need for infrared absorbing materials and the need to control the concentration of carriers. In this study, inorganic quantum dot material is combined with organic materials to promote carrier separation and introduce interface defects that adjust the carrier concentration in transistors, which induce the synaptic behavior under SIR (1100 nm) light in darkness and the ability to adapt to white ambient light. Furthermore, the device array realizes the image recognition of SIR light at night with white ambient light of different brightness, exhibiting good self‐adaptability, and strong anti‐interference ability. These results demonstrate promising applications of the infrared synaptic phototransistors in adapted bionic optoelectronic devices.
Determinant Role of Solution‐State Supramolecular Assembly in Molecular Orientation of Conjugated Polymer Films
Authors: Deng Junyang , Zheng Lei , Ding Chenming , Guo Yifu , Xie Yifan , Wang Jiawei , Ke Yubin , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe solid‐state molecular orientation of conjugated polymers is of vital importance for their charge transport properties, where the edge‐on orientation with π‐stacking direction parallel to the surface is generally preferable to achieving high‐mobility planar field‐effect transistors. However, so far, little is known about the origin of packing‐orientation formation in thin films. Here, it is shown that the solution‐state supramolecular structure of widely studied PffBT4T‐based polymers can be reversibly tuned between 1D worm‐like and 2D lamellar structures for the same polymer/solvent system through solution temperature. Such dimensionality in solution determines the solid‐state packing orientation of the polymer chains, where edge‐on and face‐on textures are generated from solutions with 1D and 2D structures, respectively. More importantly, the transition temperature of solution‐state supramolecular dimensionality is in excellent agreement with that of solid‐state packing orientation. These experimental observations unambiguously demonstrate the predominant roles of solution‐state supramolecular assembly in solid‐state molecular orientation, which is further verified using different molecular weight batches and other two representative polymers. The findings provide new insights into the growth mechanism of polymer semiconductors during transistor fabrication, and open prospective pathways for boosting device performance of solution‐processable plastic electronics.
Atomic Modulation and Structure Design of Fe−N4 Modified Hollow Carbon Fibers with Encapsulated Ni Nanoparticles for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Tian Yuhui , Wu Zhenzhen , Li Meng , Sun Qiang , Chen Hao , Yuan Ding , Deng Daijie , Johannessen Bernt , Wang Yun , Zhong Yulin , Xu Li , Lu Jun , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExcellent bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and rapid mass transport capability are two important parameters of electrocatalysts for high‐performance rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, an efficient atomic modulation and structure design to promote bifunctional activity and mass transport kinetics of an ORR/OER electrocatalyst are reported. Specifically, atomic Fe−N4 moieties are immobilized on premade hollow carbon fibers with encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Fe‐N@Ni‐HCFs). Synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscope analyses confirm the atomic distribution of the active sites and unique lung bubble‐like hollow architecture of the catalyst, while theoretical investigations reveal that the encapsulated Ni nanoparticles can induce electron distribution of the atomic Fe−N4 moieties to reduce reaction energy barriers. As a result, the prepared catalyst possesses enhanced bifunctional ORR/OER activity and well‐constructed gas–solid–liquid interfaces for improved mass transfer. These synergetic advantages endow the binder‐free Fe‐N@Ni‐HCFs electrode with the remarkable power density and cycling stability for ZABs, outperforming the commercial Pt/C+Ir/C benchmark. This exceptional performance suggests that the proposed strategy can be extended to the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage.
Multiscale Structural Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Fast Li+ Transport for Long‐Life Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Hai Xia , Liu Zhi Kang , Wang Yu , Li Nian Wu , Yu Le 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLi metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as promising candidates for future rechargeable batteries with high energy density. However, Li metal anode (LMA) is extensively sensitive to general liquid electrolytes, leading to unstable interphase and dendrites growth. Herein, a novel gel polymer electrolyte consisting of a micro‐nanostructured poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) matrix and inorganic fillers of Zeolite Socony Mobil‐5 (ZSM‐5) and SiO2 nanoparticles, is fabricated to expedite Li+ ions transport and suppress Li dendrite growth. Due to the Lewis acid interaction, SiO2 can absorb amounts of PF6− and promote the dissociation of LiPF6. The specific sub‐nanometer pore structure of ZSM‐5 greatly enhances the Li+ ion transference number. These structures can restrain the decomposition of electrolytes and build stable interphase on LMA. Therefore, the Li||Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cell maintains 92% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1 C (1 C ≈190 mAh g−1) in carbonate electrolyte. This multiscale design provides an effective strategy for electrolyte exploration in high‐performance LMBs.
Uniformly MXene‐Grafted Eutectic Aluminum‐Cerium Alloys as Flexible and Reversible Anode Materials for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Battery
Authors: Ran Qing , Zeng Shu‐Pei , Zhu Mei‐Hua , Wan Wu‐Bin , Meng Huan , Shi Hang , Wen Zi , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAluminum is an attractive anode material in aqueous multivalent‐metal batteries for large‐scale energy storage because of its high Earth abundance, low cost, high theoretic capacity, and safety. However, state‐of‐the‐art aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries based on aluminum anode persistently suffer from poor rechargeability and low coulombic efficiency due to irreversibility of aluminum stripping/plating and dendrite growth. Here eutectic aluminum‐cerium alloys in situ grafted with uniform ultrathin MXene (MXene/E‐Al97Ce3) as flexible, reversible, and dendrite‐free anode materials for rechargeable aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries is reported. As a result of the MXene serving as stable solid electrolyte interphase to inhibit side reactions and the lamella‐nanostructured E‐Al97Ce3 enabling directional Al stripping and deposition by making use of symbiotic α‐Al metal and intermetallic Al11Ce3 lamellas, the MXene/E‐Al97Ce3 hybrid electrodes exhibit reversible and dendrite‐free Al stripping/plating with low voltage polarization of ± 54 mV for ≥1000 h in a low‐oxygen‐concentration aqueous aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate (Al(OTF)3) electrolyte. These superior electrochemical properties endow soft‐package aluminum‐ion batteries assembled with MXene/E‐Al97Ce3 anode and AlxMnO2 cathode to have high initial discharge capacity of ≈360 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, and retain ≈85% after 500 cycles, along with the coulombic efficiency of as high as 99.5%.
Observation of Controllable Negative Differential Resistance Behaviors through Morphology‐Dependent Zinc Oxide/p‐Si Heterointerface Structures
Authors: Kim Somi , Park Taehyun , Yun Hyung Joong , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNegative differential resistance (NDR) has received considerable attention owing to the unique switching property, which exhibits an n‐shaped current–voltage curve without a monolithic increase in current as of the applied voltage bias increases. Nevertheless, various issues in previously reported NDR devices need to be addressed, such as complex manufacturing processes, operational instability, and difficulties in large‐area processing. In addition, methods for generating and controlling NDR have not yet been developed. This paper presents the findings of morphology‐dependent NDR in which three types of zinc oxide (ZnO) build a junction with p‐Si in the form of small nanoparticles, large nanoparticles, and films. The principle of NDR behaviors is elucidated through a comprehensive study, including an analysis of the energy band structure, morphological investigation, and electrical characterization, offering control of the peak‐to‐valley current ratio (PVCR). The highest PVCR = 4.96 A A−1 is obtained in the quantum dot ZnO/p‐Si structure and the NDR characteristics occur without external stimuli, such as irradiating light, cryogenic temperatures, or controlled atmospheres.
Terahertz Detection Using Enhanced Two‐Step Absorption in Photoconductive Metasurfaces Gated at λ = 1.55 µm
Authors: Jung Hyunseung , Hale Lucy L. , Briscoe Jayson , Sarma Raktim , Luk Ting Shan , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , Reno John L. , Brener Igal , Mitrofanov Oleg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSuperior ultrafast photoconductive properties make low temperature grown (LT) GaAs one of the best materials for photoconductive terahertz (THz) detection. However, the large bandgap of LT‐GaAs limits its operation to gating at wavelengths shorter than 870 nm. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that nanostructuring the LT‐GaAs into a highly absorbing metasurface enables THz photoconductive detection with a pulsed laser at λ = 1.55 µm. The very weak sub‐bandgap absorption mediated by midgap states in LT‐GaAs is strongly enhanced using the concept of perfect absorption via degenerate critical coupling. Integrated with a THz antenna, the LT‐GaAs metasurface enables high sensitivity THz detection with a high dynamic range of 60 dB and large bandwidth up to 4.5 THz. The LT‐GaAs metasurface has the potential to serve as a universal ultrafast switching element for THz applications, enabling low‐cost, turn‐key THz systems for a variety of real‐world applications.
Surface Doping Boosts Triplet Generation Yield in Perovskite‐Sensitized Upconversion
Authors: Sullivan Colette M. , Bieber Alexander S. , Drozdick Hayley K. , Moller Gregory , Kuszynski Jason E. , VanOrman Zachary A. , Wieghold Sarah , Strouse Geoffrey F. , Nienhaus Lea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriplet–triplet annihilation‐based photon upconversion (TTA‐UC) can efficiently generate higher energy photons at low relative fluences. Bulk metal halide perovskites have offered promise in efficiently sensitizing molecular triplet states in the solid state, necessary for the integration of TTA‐UC into device‐based applications. Recent work focused on TTA‐UC from a rubrene triplet annihilator sensitized by perovskite thin films has established relatively efficient charge extraction from the perovskite, forming the triplet exciton in rubrene. Yet, the specifics underpinning charge transfer at the perovskite/rubrene interface are not fully elucidated. To improve device performance and study the properties governing charge transfer at the interface, various organic solvents are explored to treat the perovskite surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy show a difference in the electronic band structure, where both n‐ and p‐type terminated perovskite surfaces are observed depending on the solvent used. Supported by optical spectroscopy, the impact of the perovskite electronic structure is monitored, indicating that n‐type perovskite sensitizers feature higher TTA‐UC efficiencies due to favorable band bending resulting in efficient hole‐mediated triplet formation. Overall, the tuning of the electronic structure of the perovskite sensitizer through solvent treatment is shown to be a key force in tuning the mechanism of efficient triplet generation.
Hydrogen Peroxide Assisted Electrooxidation of Benzene to Phenol over Bifunctional Ni–(O–C2)4 Sites
Authors: Zhang Shengbo , Jin Meng , Xu Hui , Li Wenyi , Ye Yixing , Shi Tongfei , Zhou Hongjian , Chen Chun , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia , Lin Yue , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDirect electrocatalytic oxidation of benzene has been regarded as a promising approach for achieving high‐value phenol product, but remaining a huge challenge. Here an oxygen‐coordinated nickel single‐atom catalyst (Ni–O–C) is reported with bifunctional electrocatalytic activities toward the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) to H2O2 and H2O2‐assisted benzene oxidation to phenol. The Ni–(O–C2)4 sites in Ni–O–C ar proven to be the catalytic active centers for bifunctional 2e− ORR and H2O2‐assisted benzene oxidation processes. As a result, Ni–O–C can afford a benzene conversion as high as 96.4 ± 3.6% with a phenol selectivity of 100% and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80.2 ± 3.2% with the help of H2O2 in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte at 1.5 V (vs RHE). A proof of concept experiment with Ni–O–C concurrently as cathode and anode in a single electrochemical cell demonstrates a benzene conversion of 33.4 ± 2.2% with a phenol selectivity of 100% and a FE of 44.8 ± 3.0% at 10 mA cm−2.
Elucidating the Synergic Effect in Nanoscale MoS2/TiO2 Heterointerface for Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Ma Chunrong , Hou Dewen , Jiang Jiali , Fan Yanchen , Li Xiang , Li Tianyi , Ma Zifeng , Ben Haoxi , Xiong Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterface engineering in electrode materials is an attractive strategy for enhancing charge storage, enabling fast kinetics, and improving cycling stability for energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the performance improvement is usually ambiguously ascribed to the “synergetic effect”, the fundamental understanding toward the effect of the interface at molecular level in composite materials remains elusive. In this work, a well‐defined nanoscale MoS2/TiO2 interface is rationally designed by immobilizing TiO2 nanocrystals on MoS2 nanosheets. The role of heterostructure interface between TiO2 and MoS2 by operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (sXRD), solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and density functional theory calculations is investigated. It is found that the existence of a hetero‐interfacial electric field can promote charge transfer kinetics. Based on operando sXRD, it is revealed that the heterostructure follows a solid‐solution reaction mechanism with small volume changes during cycling. As such, the electrode demonstrates ultrafast Na+ ions storage of 300 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and excellent reversible capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. This work provides significant insights into understanding of heterostructure interface at molecular level, which suggests new strategies for creating unconventional nanocomposite electrode materials for energy storage systems.
How to Promote the Industrial Application of SiOx Anode Prelithiation: Capability, Accuracy, Stability, Uniformity, Cost, and Safety
Authors: Wang Ruoyang , Li Haoyu , Wu Yuqing , Li Haodong , Zhong Benhe , Sun Yan , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSiOx anode with high energy density and superior stability is expected to meet the demand of the rapidly developed electric vehicles’ market. And the prelithiation strategy is proved to be crucial for solving the low initial columbic efficiency that severely limited the practical full‐cell energy density. In the past decades, various prelithiation methods have been extensively explored. And a comprehensive evaluation aiming at the scale‐up application is highly deserved and urgent. In this review, combining the existing battery manufacturing process, the reported prelithiation methods are roundly summarized and re‐evaluated based on the capability, control accuracy, environmental stability, uniformity, cost, safety, and compatibility, which provides guidelines for selecting appropriate prelithiation methods in different application fields. Furthermore, the unsolved issues for the manufacture techniques or instrument and the development direction toward industrial application are discussed.