bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Cascaded Rocket” Nanosystems with Spatiotemporal Separation for Triple‐Synergistic Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Yang Jun , Qiu Xinyu , Ji Weihong , Shen Jie , Li Yan , Lu Zhiguo , Wu Yanyue , Wang Wenli , Wang Jing , Hao Jifu , Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) remains an incurable disease due to the intricate pathogenesis. The neuropathological hallmarks include extracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques, tau phosphorylation and extensive oxidative stress in neurons, which facilitate the progression of AD. Based on the complex etiology, a spatiotemporally “cascaded rocket” delivery system (DPH/TPGAS NPs) with metal ion/enzyme responses is established in this study for triple‐synergistic AD treatment. After targeting and permeating the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), the histidine units in the DPH chelate excess metal ions at the extracellular microenvironment, restraining the formation of Aβ aggregates, inducing the first‐stage separation. Then, the remanent system targets neuronal cells and triggers the second separation with cathepsin B for reducing the level of phosphorylated tau and oxidative stress. Accordingly, the DPH/TPGAS NPs can achieve spatiotemporal drug release, which results in enhanced synergistic therapeutic effects both in the extracellular and intracellular region of the AD brain. After treating with DPH/TPGAS NPs, the memory deficits, levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau, inflammation and neuron damages are remarkably ameliorated in 3 × Tg‐AD mice. Therefore, this “cascaded rocket” delivery system has great potential to serve as a powerful platform and provides a new horizon to the therapeutic strategy for AD and other brain diseases’ treatments.
Strain‐Responsive Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Halogen‐Free Polymers for Early Damage Reporting through Phosphorescence Lifetime and Image Analysis
Authors: Tao Wenjie , Zhou Yusheng , Lin Faxu , Gao Haiyang , Chi Zhenguo , Liang Guodong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMechanically responsive materials (MRMs) usually showing observable changes in emission intensity (mechanochromic) under force stimuli have garnered increasing interest due to their broad range of potential applications. Relative to usual mechanochromic materials, a kind of alternative MRMs with changeable lifetime upon force stimuli in terms of mechanodecay is proposed. A catalog of novel MRMs with both mechanochromic and mechanodecay characteristics is reported. Halogen‐free semicrystalline polymers doped with chromophores showing bright and ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) under ambient conditions are facilely fabricated through melt blending approaches. Upon being stretched or compressed, the RTP polymers show abundant changes in fluorescence intensity, emission color, RTP intensity, and RTP lifetime. Such RTP polymers with multiple strain‐responsive visual signals offer a kind of new MRMs useful for visually sensing the deformation of materials. Leveraging remarkable change in RTP lifetime under force stimuli, deformation process of polymers is investigated through phosphorescence lifetime and image analysis. Early damage warning for engineering polymers is achieved. Given the merits of high sensitivity, multiple visual signals, low cost, and simple operation, such RTP polymers provide a class of new MRMs useful for deformation sensing and early damage reporting of engineering materials.
Design of new visible light Pt photocatalyst based on the TDDFT study of properties of transition metal complexes
Authors: Jiao Mingyang , Zhang Beibei , Wang Zichen , Chen Bo‐Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisible light photocatalysis has been paid a lot of attention because of its green and lower energy consuming. To trigger a reaction via energy transfer, a potential visible light photocatalyst not only has absorption under visible light but also needs a high triplet excitation energy. In this scene, the density functional theory B3LYP methods were used to investigate the properties of transition metal complex photocatalysts and design new potential visible light photocatalysts. The calculation result shows that the studied Ir complexes have a relatively high ET values (energy gap between the triplet excited state and ground state). The introduction of electron‐donating groups to Ir complexes causes a slight redshift in the absorption spectrum. Moreover, the electronic structure and atomic radius of the central metal atom have a great influence on the properties of those complexes of “fac‐M(ppy)3” (transition metal complexes with facial structure and three ppy ligands, M = Pt, Ni, Rh, Ru, Fe). Based on the study of transition metal complexes, new visible light Pt complex photocatalysts that have both good absorption under visible light and high ET value have been designed here. The designed new Pt complexes are expected to be potential candidates as visible light photocatalysts.
A co‐creation experiment for virtual laboratories of mechanics in engineering education
Authors: Craifaleanu Andrei , Craifaleanu Iolanda‐Gabriela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on the background and expertise gained during almost two decades of development and implementation of virtual laboratory applications for teaching mechanics in engineering faculties, the authors propose a novel approach for this field, in which students themselves become developers of educational computer simulations. The method, called DYOVL (“Do Your Own Virtual Laboratory”), was applied, first experimentally and then on a regular basis, with gradual optimization during consecutive years, within the practical sessions of the mechanics course taught to students in automatic control and computers. An educational website, containing application examples and several downloadable resources, was recently developed, to assist teaching by the new method. The co‐creative character of this process is manifold, as students work together with the teaching staff and with their team colleagues to program virtual laboratory applications or to suggest improvements for the existing ones. The method demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of engagement, motivation, and inclusiveness, as well as a positive attitude of the students, shown both by pre‐ and during‐COVID satisfaction surveys. To assist potentially interested academic staff in implementing this approach in their universities, detailed methodological guidance is provided.
A Highly Stable Yttrium Organic Framework as a Host for Optical Thermometry and D2O Detection
Authors: Chamberlain Thomas W. , Perrella Rafael V. , Oliveira Tamires M. , de Sousa Filho Paulo C. , Walton Richard I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe yttrium organic framework (Y0.89Tb0.10Eu0.01)6(BDC)7(OH)4(H2O)4 (BDC=benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate) is hydrothermally stable up to at least 513 K and thermally stable in air in excess of 673 K. The relative intensities of luminescence of Tb3+ and Eu3+ are governed by Tb3+‐to‐Eu3+ phonon‐assisted energy transfer and Tb3+‐to‐ligand back transfer and are responsible for the differing temperature‐dependent luminescence of the two ions. This provides a ratiometric luminescent thermometer in the 288–573 K temperature range, not previously seen for MOF materials, with a high sensitivity, 1.69±0.04 % K−1 at 523 K. In aqueous conditions, loosely bound H2O can be replaced by D2O in the same material, which modifies decay lifetimes to yield a quantitative luminescent D2O sensor with a useful sensitivity for practical application.
Evaluation of the eruption of permanent teeth and their association with malocclusion
Authors: Fekonja Anita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study was done to determine the timing of eruption of permanent teeth by sex and the number of permanent teeth erupted at different ages and to assess its association with malocclusion.Material and MethodsThe sample for this study consisted of 633 healthy subjects (317 boys and 316 girls) aged between 5.0 and 15.0 years. The subjects were divided into subgroups considering an age interval of 1 year.ResultsThe mean eruption times were lower for girls compared with boys except for the maxillary and mandibular second premolars and second molars, which were found to erupt earlier in boys. All the permanent mandibular teeth, except the second premolars, tended to erupt earlier than their maxillary antagonists in both sexes. The sequence of eruption differs between girls and boys in the maxillary canine and maxillary second premolars. In Class III malocclusion, all the permanent mandibular teeth erupt earlier than their maxillary antagonists. In the entire sample, the correlation between the number of erupted teeth and age was strong (p < .05), but the differences between sexes were not significant.ConclusionsIt is important to know the normal eruption time of permanent teeth in the population due to diagnosis and better treatment planning in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.
Transmit antenna selection strategies for spectrally efficient spatial modulation techniques
Authors: Gudla Vishnu Vardhan , Kumaravelu Vinoth Babu , S Asha , Murugadass Arthi 
Published: February 2022

SummaryFifth‐generation (5G) networks are expected to offer unprecedented amounts of spectral and energy efficiency. Spatial modulation (SM) techniques have the capability to achieve an appealing trade‐off between these conflicting design parameters. Fully generalized SM (FGSM) and fully quadrature SM (FQSM) are the recent high‐rate SM variants, where the spectral efficiency is linearly proportional to the number of transmit antennas. The transmit antenna selection schemes can efficiently improve the average bit error rate (ABER) performance of SM techniques. The main objective of this work is to investigate the employment of transmit antenna selection schemes to FGSM and FQSM. Initially, Euclidean distance optimized antenna selection (EDAS) scheme is employed to FGSM and FQSM. It offers superior performance than conventional FGSM/FQSM without transmit antenna selection at the cost of higher computational complexity. In order to reduce the complexity cost, four suboptimal schemes based on channel capacity, correlation and combination of them are proposed and employed to FGSM and FQSM. The suboptimal transmit antenna selection based on capacity and correlation (TAS‐A‐C) offers a minimum gain of ∼6 dB over conventional FGSM/FQSM with significantly lower complexity. In addition, the performance of all schemes is investigated for increased number of available transmit antennas. As the proposed schemes address the spectral and energy efficiency trade‐off effectively, while corroborating better ABER performance, they have the potential to become a competing candidate for next‐generation networks.
Stream Mesocosm Experiments Show no Protective Effects of Calcium on Copper Toxicity to Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Iwasaki Yuichi , Cadmus Pete , Ranville James , Clements William H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although the concept and modeling of metal bioavailability and toxicity have been well developed based largely on laboratory experiments with standard test species, additional evidence is required to demonstrate their applicability for macroinvertebrates typically found in natural lotic ecosystems. We conducted 10-day stream mesocosm experiments to test the hypothesis that increased water hardness (in the present study, the calcium [Ca] concentration was increased by adding CaCl2) would mitigate the effects of copper (Cu) on natural benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Exposure of macroinvertebrate communities to 25 μg/L Cu for 10 days in stream mesocosm experiments resulted in significant decreases in total abundance, in number of taxa, and in abundance of many macroinvertebrate taxa. However, the addition of Ca to stream mesocosms and the associated increase in water hardness up to 250 mg/L CaCO3 did not mitigate these effects of Cu on macroinvertebrate communities. The results showed that the hardness-based water quality criteria for Cu of the US Environmental Protection Agency were not protective under the conditions of relatively high hardness, low alkalinity, and circumneutral pH. In contrast, the water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model predicted little protective effects of Ca on Cu toxicity, which is consistent with our results. Additional experiments are required to understand the influence of modifying factors on the toxicity of metals to macroinvertebrate communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1304–1310. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
We examined whether increased water hardness (in the present study, calcium concentration) would mitigate the impacts of copper on natural benthic macroinvertebrate communities.
Similarity‐based clustering and data aggregation with independent component analysis in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shahina K. , Pradeep Kumar T. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWireless sensor networks are consisted of group of sensor nodes, which are scattered in inaccessible areas with limited resources. Data aggregation and clustering methods minimize sensor network's energy usage by reducing the quantity of data transmission. Machine learning techniques like reinforcement learning, neural networks, and swarm intelligence significantly cut down the transmission of data and make use of network's distributive features. Quantity of aggregated data can be reduced if the measured data are similar. Based on this concept, a similarity based clustering method is proposed in which sensor node with similar data are grouped as a cluster for data aggregation. Then an algorithm is proposed that aggregates the data using independent component analysis which is performed on cluster head sensor nodes. Data aggregation process is executed on clusters which are having higher data similarity. Implementation shows that proposed method is performing better in terms of computational overhead, aggregation ratio, and energy consumption.
Variation in mycorrhizal growth response among a spring wheat mapping population shows potential to breed for symbiotic benefit
Authors: Thirkell Tom J. , Grimmer Mike , James Lucy , Pastok Daria , Allary Théa , Elliott Ashleigh , Paveley Neil , Daniell Tim , Field Katie J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll cereal crops engage in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses which can have profound, but sometimes deleterious, effects on plant nutrient acquisition and growth. The mechanisms underlying variable mycorrhizal responsiveness in cereals are not well characterised or understood. Adapting crops to realise mycorrhizal benefits could reduce fertiliser requirements and improve crop nutrition where fertiliser is unavailable. We conducted a phenotype screen in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), using 99 lines of an Avalon × Cadenza doubled‐haploid mapping population. Plants were grown with or without a mixed inoculum containing 5 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant growth, nutrition and mycorrhizal colonisation were quantified. Plant growth response to inoculation was remarkably varied among lines, ranging from more than 30% decrease to 80% increase in shoot biomass. Mycorrhizal plants did not suffer decreasing shoot phosphorus concentration with increasing biomass as observed in their non‐mycorrhizal counterparts. The extent to which mycorrhizal inoculation was beneficial for individual lines was negatively correlated with shoot biomass in the non‐mycorrhizal state but was not correlated with the extent of mycorrhizal colonisation of roots. Highly variable mycorrhizal responsiveness among closely related wheat lines and the identification of several QTL for these traits suggests the potential to breed for improved crop‐mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Absence of bones in archaeological sites from the southeast of Uruguay: Taphonomy or human behavior?
Authors: S. Villagran Ximena , Rodriguez Mauricio , Pereira Heinkel Bentos , Gianotti Camila , Sotelo Moira , del Puerto Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rework of daily refuse, including large quantities of faunal remains, is a common explanation for earthen mound construction in the Uruguayan lowlands, which started about 5000 years ago. While some earthen mounds contain human and animal bones in high abundance, several others contain only a few fragments. Thousands of years later (17th to 18th centuries), stone structures known as cairns were used in the same region and are believed to have served as the burial ground for local chiefs. However, no bone remains were ever found during excavations. The acidity of local soils has been the common explanation for the low frequency and/or complete absence of bone remains in earthen mounds and cairns. To investigate the absence of bones possibly induced by a corrosive environment, we applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and micromorphology to study the sediments at three sites: (1) an earthen mound rich in macroscopic bone fragments (CH2D01 site—CH); (2) an earthen mound with only a few macroscopic bone fragments (Las Palmas—LP); and (3) sediments from beneath a cairn with no macroscopic bone remains (Mario Chafalote cairn—MC). FTIR and XRPD showed the existence of burnt bones at the CH mound and a complete absence of bone mineral at LP and MC. Micromorphology revealed that, though invisible in the FTIR spectra, the LP mound contains micro‐bone fragments, but in extremely low frequency. Analyses indicate that taphonomy did not play a major role in the low frequency or absence of bones at the LP and MC sites, located in a similar environmental context, and that differences in site use and mound technology explain the contrasting composition of the CH mound.
Downregulation of Talin‐1 is associated with the increased expression of miR‐182‐5p and miR‐9‐5p in coronary artery disease
Authors: Gholipour Akram , Shakerian Farshad , Zahedmehr Ali , Irani Shiva , Mowla Seyed Javad , Malakootian Mahshid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence indicates that the dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components can lead to cardiovascular diseases. The Talin‐1 (TLN1) gene is a major component of the ECM, and it mediates integrin adhesion to the ECM. In this study, we aimed to determine microRNAs (miRs) that regulate the expression of TLN1 and determine expression alterations in TLN1 and its targeting miRs in coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsData sets of CAD and normal samples of blood exosomes were downloaded, and TLN1 was chosen as one of the genes with differential expressions in an in silico analysis. Next, miR‐182‐5p and miR‐9‐5p, which have a binding site on 3´‐UTR of TLN1, were selected using bioinformatics tools. Then, the miR target site was cloned in the psiCHECK‐2 vector, and direct interaction between the miR target site and the TLN1 3′‐UTR putative target site was investigated by luciferase assay. The expression of miR‐182‐5p, miR‐9‐5p, and TLN1 in the serum samples of CAD and non‐CAD individuals was assessed via a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOur data revealed that miR‐182‐5p directly regulated the expression of TLN1. Moreover, miR‐182‐5p and miR‐9‐5p were significantly upregulated in the CAD group. Hence, both bioinformatics and experimental analyses determined the downregulated expression of TLN1 in the CAD samples.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that miR‐182‐5p and miR‐9‐5p could play significant roles in TLN1 regulation and participate in CAD development by targeting TLN1. These findings introduce novel biomarkers with a potential role in CAD pathogenesis.
Pyroptosis patterns and immune infiltrates characterization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Hongxia , Wei Zhengyu , Qiu Shijie , Ye Dong , Gu Shanshan , Shen Yi , Shen Zhisen , Jin Yangli , Zhou Chongchang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPyroptosis plays an essential role in tumor immune responses and inflammation related to chemotherapy. Herein, we studied the characteristic patterns of pyroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to determine their prognostic and therapeutic effects.MethodsConsensus clustering analysis was performed to classify patients into pyroptosis or gene clusters. A novel pyroptosis score was constructed by principal component analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to show the prognostic value. We also assessed the functional enrichment, tumor mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and the sensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy between high and low pyroptosis score group.ResultsTwo distinct pyroptosis clusters were defined based on the mRNA expression profiles of PRGs, which were related to immune activation in HNSCC. Notably, a pyroptosis score was constructed according to different expression gene signatures, and then, each HNSCC patient was classified into a low or high pyroptosis score group. Patients with low pyroptosis scores had better immunotherapeutic responses and higher sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and gemcitabine). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the pyroptosis patterns were independent prognostic indicators regardless of the level of tumor mutation burden.ConclusionsPyroptosis plays an essential role in immune infiltration in HNSCC. Quantifying the pyroptosis score of individual patients might suggest prognostic, immunotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic strategies for HNSCC.
Performance evaluation of the i‐Smart 300E cartridge for point‐of‐care electrolyte measurement in serum and plasma
Authors: Lee Beomki , Park Hyung‐Doo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectrolytes are measured regularly in a variety of clinical settings because electrolyte imbalance can be life‐threatening. Although arterial blood‐gas analysis reports electrolyte levels, the result often is discrepant with results from serum and plasma samples. Since prompt and accurate measurement of serum electrolyte levels could allow early treatment, point‐of‐care (POC) electrolyte analyzers would be beneficial. We evaluated a POC electrolyte analyzer cartridge based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines.MethodsPrecision and linearity were assessed according to the CLSI EP05‐A3 and EP06‐A guidelines, respectively. A comparison study was conducted with both serum and plasma samples according to the CLSI EP09‐A3. For serum, results from the i‐Smart 300E analyzer were compared with results from the Nova 8 and i‐Smart 30 analyzers. For plasma, results were compared among the i‐Smart 300E, Nova 8, i‐Smart 30, and Cobas c702 analyzers.ResultsCoefficients of variation in the precision analysis were all less than 5%. Linearity assessment demonstrated a coefficient of determination between 0.999 and 1.000 for all analytes. The comparison study showed a high Pearson's correlation coefficient greater than 0.9 for all analytes, instruments, and specimens.ConclusionsThe i‐Smart 300E demonstrated good analytical performance. Its use could be beneficial in terms of both efficiency and clinical outcome in point‐of‐care testing (POCT) for electrolyte levels from serum and plasma samples.