bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Prevalence of Intervention Approaches Internationally: The Use of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises in Guatemala
Authors: Baigorri Miriam , Crowley Catherine J. , Sommer Chelsea L. , Blackwell Amanda , Miranda Anny J. , Moya-Galé Gemma 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Little is known about the use of nonspeech oral motor exercises (NSOMEs) to treat Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs) in low- and middle-income countries, such as Guatemala, where the field of speech-language pathology is less well established. The purpose of this study is to examine clinical practices for SSDs in Guatemala. The authors then compare these findings with previous literature on the use of NSOMEs in countries with developed fields of speech-language pathology.

Method:

Nonmembers and members of the professional association for speech providers, Asociación de Terapistas del Lenguaje de Guatemala (SomosTLgt;
n
= 65), completed an online survey regarding the use of NSOMEs.

Results:
Although approximately half of the clinicians in Guatemala reported using NSOMEs in therapy, the time spent in therapy sessions using these exercises was limited to 25% of the time. Very few clinicians (19.8%) reported to use NSOMEs almost always or 50%–75% of the time. NSOMEs were not reportedly used by 33.8% of the clinicians when treating SSDs. A significant positive correlation was found between years of experience and use of NSOME in clinical practice. Nearly all respondents specified learning about NSOMEs at university.

Conclusions:
Contrary to previous studies from high-income countries that indicate that NSOMEs are commonly used by speech-language pathologists when targeting SSDs, the use of NSOMEs across speech therapists from Guatemala in this current investigation is less. Future studies should explore the rationale behind the use of NSOME across different countries.
The probabilistic solar particle event forecasting (PROSPER) model
Authors: Papaioannou Athanasios , Vainio Rami , Raukunen Osku , Jiggens Piers , Aran Angels , Dierckxsens Mark , Mallios Sotirios A. , Paassilta Miikka , Anastasiadis Anastasios 
Published: June 2022

The Probabilistic Solar Particle Event foRecasting (PROSPER) model predicts the probability of occurrence and the expected peak flux of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Predictions are derived for a set of integral proton energies (i.e., E > 10, > 30, and > 100 MeV) from characteristics of solar flares (longitude, magnitude), coronal mass ejections (width, speed), and combinations of both. Herein the PROSPER model methodology for deriving the SEP event forecasts is described, and the validation of the model, based on archived data, is presented for a set of case studies. The PROSPER model has been incorporated into the new operational advanced solar particle event casting system (ASPECS) tool to provide nowcasting (short term forecasting) of SEP events as part of ESA’s future SEP advanced warning system (SAWS). ASPECS also provides the capability to interrogate PROSPER for historical cases via a run-on-demand functionality.
Winners and runners-up alike?—a comparison between awardees and special mention recipients of the most reputable science award in Colombia via a composite citation indicator
Authors: Cortés Julián D. , Andrade Daniel A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe research agenda on global academic elites (e.g., those awarded the Nobel Prize) has overlooked academic awards and elites from developing countries and the public symbolic recognition of scientific elites by research awards. In this study, we examine the bibliometric features of individual researcher profiles of those participants who received a special mention in Colombia’s most prestigious prize in the sciences: the Alejandro Ángel Escobar Prize (AAEP). First, we chart the citation per article trend of Colombia’s most prolific researchers before and after receiving the special mention and the AAEP. We then compare the special mention group with those awarded the AAEP, using a composite citation indicator of six scientific impact and productivity indices to estimate (1) bulk impact (number of citations and h index) and (2) authorship order adjusted impact (Schreiber hm index; total citations for articles of which the scientist is the single author; total citations for articles of which the scientist is the single or first author; and total citations for articles of which the scientist is the single, first, or last author). Results show that there is no overall halo effect in citation per article after receiving the special mention or the AAEP. Such recognition comes after an academically productive career marked by multiple citations per article peaks. There is no clear-cut division between the composite citation indicator of those awarded a special mention and those awarded the AAEP. Findings place the profile of local authors in an adjusted and inclusive framework that takes full cognisance of the scientific elites in developing countries.
Research on the life-limiting sputtering mechanism of 30 cm ion thruster
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Li Juan , Wang Yanlong , Yang Hao , Guo Dezhou , Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2022

“Pits-and-grooves” patterns on the downstream accelerator grid surface had a severe effect on the thruster life; however, the sputtering patterns on the decelerator grid upstream surface were also observed after the thruster worked for over 3000 h. Reduction of the thruster diameter was adapted to prevent the erosion rate at the decelerator grid, but it decreased the thruster performance. Therefore, balancing the lifetime and performance was so critical for the optimization design of ion thruster. A three-dimension numerical model was established, and a Particle-In Cell-Monte-Carlo-Collision method was applied to investigating the hitting process and sputtering mechanism of a 30 cm ion thruster. Based on the experimental beam ion density profile in the plume, ion optics was divided into three regions, where the center region accounted for 73.3% of the effective extraction diameter of 30 cm. Beam ions in the center and the center-edge region were focused very well, and no ions striked directly on any grid surface, whereas ions at the edge were under-focused and had a cross-over interception. Decreasing the screen grid diameter from 13 to 12 could reduce the maximum erosion depth of the decelerator grid from 1.0 × 10−3 to 9.0 × 10−4, which only resulted in a 0.03% decrease of thruster performance. The maximum erosion depth of the accelerator grid caused by charge exchange xenon ion bombardment was 1.0 × 10−3 locating in the center region, which was twice that of 9.0 × 10−4. Improving the flatness was the way to extend the thruster lifetime. The maximum error of simulation was about 4.38%. The simulation results can provide technical reference for the optimization design of the ion thruster.
Investigation of nonlocal data-driven methods for subgrid-scale stress modeling in large eddy simulation
Authors: Liu Bo , Yu Huiyang , Huang Haibo , Liu Nansheng , Lu Xiyun 
Published: June 2022

A nonlocal subgrid-scale stress (SGS) model is developed based on the convolution neural network (CNN), which is a powerful supervised data-driven method and also an ideal approach to naturally consider spatial information due to its wide receptive field. The CNN-based models used in this study take primitive flow variables as input only, and then, the flow features are automatically extracted without any a priori guidance. The nonlocal models trained by direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of a turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 178 are accessed in both the a priori and a posteriori tests, providing reasonable flow statistics (such as mean velocity and velocity fluctuations) close to the DNS results even when extrapolating to a higher Reynolds number Reτ = 600. It is identified that the nonlocal models outperform local data-driven models, such as the artificial neural network, and some typical SGS models (e.g., the dynamic Smagorinsky model) in large eddy simulation (LES). The model is also robust with stable numerical simulation since the solutions can be well obtained when examining the grid resolution from one-half to double of the spatial resolution used in training. We also investigate the influence of receptive fields and propose using the two-point correlation analysis as a quantitative method to guide the design of nonlocal physical models. The present study provides effective data-driven nonlocal methods for SGS modeling in LES of complex anisotropic turbulent flows.
Analyzing the effects of entrenched grammatical constructions on translation
Authors: Heilmann Arndt , Freiwald Jonas , Neumann Stella , Miljanović Zoë 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes translation behaviour with respect to the salience of two grammatical constructions that
differ in frequency. We assumed that a more frequent construction is also more entrenched in the translator’s mind and that as a
result different translation solutions are more readily available. For this reason, we expected that a more frequent construction
is translated more quickly than a less frequent construction, resulting in lower reading and typing-related measures of cognitive
effort during the translation process. A translation experiment was designed to test this assumption. We triangulated keystroke
logging and eye tracking data from 11 professional translators and tested the results using linear mixed regression modelling,
controlling for, among others, lexically-based effects of salience. While we did not find statistically significant evidence of a
facilitation effect regarding the entrenchment of (partially) abstract grammatical structures (of-NPs), we did find salience
effects from lexical sources such as cross-linguistic structural priming and words with typical translation solutions. Lexical
effects of salience on the translation process were shown to be more reliable indicators of facilitation in translation than the
salience of more abstract linguistic structures – at least if the effect is a result of salience that stems from entrenchment.
Since one limitation of our study is its necessarily small sample size, we draw methodological conclusions for improving
experimental designs that will be useful for researchers in empirical translation studies.
Management options for the unfavorable nutrient balance of recreational fishing in Lake Balaton (Hungary)
Authors: Boros Gergely , Mozsár Attila , Specziár András 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Various types of ground baits are loaded to lakes by anglers, but the ecological role of these materials is often overlooked. Thus, the aims of this study were to conduct a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the baits used by anglers in the largest lake of Central-Europe (Lake Balaton, Hungary), estimate the annual nutrient balance of recreational fishing, and relate the nutrient loading from this source to the total external load. Our study demonstrated that popular angler baits varied substantially in their nutrient contents and in their molar nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratios. The net nutrient balance of recreational fishing was +19.3 t total N year
−1
and +5.2 t total P year
−1
, equivalent to 0.7% and 3.2% of the estimated total annual N and P loads, respectively. The rate of nutrient loading may be doubled if the present trends continue: anglers will use 20% more bait with an even higher nutrient content and will also show higher propensity to release the fish after catching. In turn, sustainable nutrient balance of fisheries management could be achieved by limiting the anglers’ bait use to 1.5 kg day
−1
and restricting baits to those which have relatively low P (<0.3%) and N (<1.5%) contents.
Optical pumping and relaxation of atomic population in assorted conditions
Authors: Chowdhury Saptarshi Roy , Pradhan Swarupananda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Precise control and knowledge over atomic dynamics is central to the advancement of quantum technology. The different experimental conditions namely, atoms in a vacuum, antirelaxation coated and buffer gas filled atomic cells provide complementary platforms for such investigations. The extent of changes in optical pumping, velocity changing collision and hyperfine changing collision rates associated with these conditions are discussed. There is a phenomenal change in the optical density by a factor of >25 times in the presence of a control field in a buffer gas environment. We found confinement induced enhanced optical pumping as the mechanism behind the observed transparency in buffer gas cell. The diffusive velocity of atoms were measured to be ∼25 ± 12 m s−1 and ⩽8 ± 4 m s−1 for antirelaxation coated and buffer gas filled cells respectively. The measurements were carried out for 85Rb atoms in natural isotopic composition using pump–probe spectroscopy. The studies will have useful application in measurements of relaxation rates, quantum memory, quantum repeaters and atomic devices.
Efficient electron extraction by CoS2 loaded onto anatase TiO2 for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sudrajat Hanggara , Susanti Ari , Hartuti Sri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a benchmark photocatalyst has been attracting attention due to its photocatalytic activity combined with photochemical stability. In particular, TiO2 with anatase polymorph holds promise for driving reduction reactions, such as proton reduction to evolve H2 via photocatalysis. In this study, anatase TiO2 is loaded with CoS2 through the hydrothermal route to form a CoS2@TiO2 photocatalyst system. X-ray absorption near edge structure confirms the +2-oxidation state of the Co cation, while extended x-ray absorption fine structure shows that each Co2+ cation is primarily coordinated to six S− anions forming a CoS2-like species. A small fraction of the Co2+ species is also coordinated to O2− anions forming Co
x
O
y
species and substitutionally resides at the Ti4+-sites. Further investigations with steady-state IR absorption induced by UV-light and time-resolved microwave conductivity suggest an efficient electron transfer from the conduction band of TiO2 to the surface-loaded CoS2 which acts as a metallic material with no bandgap. The CoS2 shallowly traps electrons at the host surface and facilitates proton reduction. An appreciably enhanced H2 evolution rate (8 times) is recognised upon the CoS2 loading. The CoS2 is here proposed to function as a proton reduction cocatalyst, which can potentially be an alternative to noble metals.
Redundant object detection method for civil aircraft assembly based on machine vision and smart glasses
Authors: Zhao Qijie , Kong Yaohui , Sheng Shaojie , Zhu Junjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Slow detection of redundant objects and low accuracy in assembly lines, particularly in the setting of civil aircraft assembly, are tough and challenging problems. To address these issues, a redundant object detection method based on computer vision and augmented reality (AR) smart glasses is proposed in this paper. The method uses AR glasses as the image collection hardware and takes the live image collected by the camera as the input of the proposed deep learning machine vision model. The proposed model, the Feature Pyramid Networks-CenterNet, is inspired by CenterNet and combined with multi-scale feature fusion to solve the problem of low detection accuracy of small-scale redundant targets. The weight factor of the loss function was set according to the proportion of small targets in the dataset, which solves the problem of an unbalanced proportion of large and small targets in the training samples. The proposed network model was validated on the PASCAL Visual Object Classes public dataset and the self-built redundant object dataset. The results showed that the new method can detect seven redundant objects with a mean accuracy of 74.49% within the visible range of smart glasses within 200 ms. The research provides a new reference for the quality process management of civil aircraft assembly.
Lung area estimation using functional tidal electrical impedance variation images and active contouring
Authors: Borgmann Silke , Linz Kim , Braun Christian , Dzierzawski Patryk , Spassov Sashko , Wenzel Christin , Schumann Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Electrical impedance tomography is a valuable tool for monitoring global and regional lung mechanics. To evaluate the recorded data, an accurate estimate of the lung area is crucial. Approach. We present two novel methods for estimating the lung area using functional tidal images or active contouring methods. A convolutional neural network was trained to determine, whether or not the heart region was visible within tidal images. In addition, the effects of lung area mirroring were investigated. The performance of the methods and the effects of mirroring were evaluated via a score based on the impedance magnitudes and their standard deviations in functional tidal images. Main results. Our analyses showed that the method based on functional tidal images provided the best estimate of the lung area. Mirroring of the lung area had an impact on the accuracy of area estimation for both methods. The achieved accuracy of the neural network’s classification was 94%. For images without a visible heart area, the subtraction of a heart template proved to be a pragmatic approach with good results. Significance. In summary, we developed a routine for estimation of the lung area combined with estimation of the heart area in electrical impedance tomography images.
Electrically tunable metasurfaces: from direct to indirect mechanisms
Authors: Jeon Nara , Noh Jaebum , Jung Chunghwan , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Intensive development of nanofabrication processes has opened a new window to control electromagnetic waves using subwavelength nanostructures array, named metasurfaces. Although the metasurfaces have succeeded in achieving unprecedented functionality by arranging various shapes of nanostructures to modulate the properties of the incident light, inherent passive characteristics make it impossible to alter the engraved functions after it is fabricated. To give tunability to metasurfaces, various methods have been proposed by using a thermal, chemical, optical and physical stimulus. In particular, electrically tunable metasurfaces are attractive in that they are easy to control precisely and could be integrated into electronic devices. In this review, we categorize the representative electrical tuning mechanisms and research into three; voltage-operated modulation, electrochemical-driven modulation, and externally mediated modulation. Voltage-operated modulation uses materials that could be directly reorganized by an electric field, including liquid crystals and Drude materials. Electrochemical-driven modulation adjusts the optical properties of metasurfaces through electrochemical responses such as electrochromism and electrodeposition. Lastly, externally mediated modulation causes a change in the geometric parameters of metasurfaces or in the phase of the constituent materials by converting electrical energy into thermal or mechanical stimulation. This paper concludes after explaining the pros and cons of each mechanism and the new possibilities which electrically-responsive metasurfaces could bring about.
Boosting Jittering Jets by Neutrino Heating in Core Collapse Supernovae
Authors: Soker Noam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
I estimate the energy that neutrino heating adds to the outflow that jets induce in the collapsing core material in core collapse supernovae (CCSNe), and find that this energy crudely doubles the energy that the jets deposit into the outer core. I consider the jittering jets explosion mechanism where there are several stochastic jet-launching episodes, each lasting for about 0.01–0.1 s. The collapsing core material passes through the stalled shock at about 100 km and then slowly flows onto the proto-neutron star (NS). I assume that the proto-NS launches jittering jets, and that the jets break out from the stalled shock. I examine the boosting process by which the high-pressure gas inside the stalled shock, the gain region material, expands alongside the jets and does work on the material that the jets shock, the cocoon. This work is crudely equal to the energy that the original jets carry. I argue that the coupling between instabilities, stochastic rotation, magnetic fields, and jittering jets leads to most CCSN explosions. In other cases, the pre-collapse core is rapidly rotating and therefore ordered rotation replaces stochastic rotation and fixed jets replace jittering jets.
Chronic recording of the vagus nerve to analyze modulations by the light–dark cycle
Authors: Smets Hugo , Stumpp Lars , Chavez Javier , Cury Joaquin , Vande Perre Louis , Doguet Pascal , Vanhoestenberghe Anne , Delbeke Jean , El Tahry Riëm , Nonclercq Antoine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. The vagus nerve is considered to play a key role in the circadian rhythm. Chronic continuous analysis of the vagus nerve activity could contribute to a better understanding of the role of the vagus nerve in light–dark modulations. This paper presents a continuous analysis of spontaneous vagus nerve activity performed in four rats. Approach. We analyzed the vagus electroneurogram (VENG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) over a recording period of 28 d. Spike activity and heart rate estimation were derived from the VENG, and slow-wave activity was derived from the EEG. The presence of repetitive patterns was investigated with periodograms, cosinor fitting, autocorrelation, and statistical tests. The light–dark variations derived from the VENG spikes were compared with EEG slow waves, an established metric in circadian studies. Results. Our results demonstrate that light–dark variations can be detected in long-term vagus nerve activity monitoring. A recording period of about 7 d is required to characterize accurately the VENG light–dark variations. Significance. As a major outcome of this study, vagus nerve recordings hold the promise to help understand circadian regulation.
Assessment of technical state of power transformers based on dissolved gas chromatographic analysis in oil
Authors: Nazarov O A , Yusupov D T , Yunusov R F , Shoyusupov Sh A , Tolipov Q S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of a power transformer based on chromatographic analysis of dissolved gases in oil. Data were obtained on dissolved gases (hydrogen, methane, ethane, methylene, acetylene) of power oil transformers of various brands with operation for more than 30 years. Particular attention is paid to the graphical presentation of the results of chromatographic analysis of the oil. As a result, the probable expected defects of power transformers were determined. Studies have shown that power transformers need immediate repair based on their assessment. Timely repair of power oil transformers allows increasing their durability and reliability of power supply to consumers.
Evolutionary trends in improving radio interfaces on GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN networks
Authors: Alpeisov A T , Malsagov B S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mobile communications are the modern drivers of the rapid development of information communication technologies. This development is provided by the expansion of the range of user services and an increase in the volume of transmitted traffic. Mobile radio-access technologies, services, standards with different types of radio interfaces are used worldwide nowadays. The article discusses the important features of the functioning of such interfaces, presents data on functional characteristics. This research also shows the main directions of development of radio interfaces intended for use in mobile communication systems.