bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-occurring ADHD symptoms in autistic adults are associated with less independence in daily living activities and lower subjective quality of life
Authors: Yerys Benjamin E , McQuaid Goldie A , Lee Nancy Raitano , Wallace Gregory L 
Published: August 2022

Outcomes for autistic adults are generally poor across multiple foundational metrics, including activities of daily living and quality of life. Co-occurring psychiatric conditions contribute to these poor outcomes. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common co-occurring conditions among autistic individuals; however, we know little about the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms with autistic adult outcomes. A total of 724 autistic adults (18–83 years; 58% female) recruited via Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research (SPARK) Research Match completed questionnaires on demographics, co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, activities of daily living, and subjective quality of life. After controlling for age, birth-sex, socioeconomic status, and autistic traits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms explained an additional 2%−10% of variance across activities of daily living and all domains of subjective quality of life. This is the first study to demonstrate that autistic adults who rated themselves as having more attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms also rated themselves as less independent in activities of daily living and experiencing a lower subjective quality of life. These findings highlight that additional research and better supports for co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms may be critical to enhancing independence and quality of life for autistic adults. Lay abstract Outcomes for autistic adults are generally poor, including activities of daily living and self-ratings of quality of life. Co-occurring psychiatric conditions contribute to these poor outcomes. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common co-occurring conditions in autistic individuals. However, we know little about the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and outcomes in autistic adults. A total of 724 autistic adults (18–83 years; 58% female) recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research participant registry completed questionnaires on demographics, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, activities of daily living, and subjective quality of life. Autistic adults who rated themselves as having more attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms also rated themselves as having less independence in activities of daily living and a lower quality of life. This is the first study to show these relationships in autistic adults. These findings highlight that additional research and better supports for co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms may be critical to improving independence and quality of life for autistic adults.
Attitudes toward end-of-life decisions other than assisted death amongst doctors in Northern Portugal
Authors: Ferraz-Gonçalves José António 
Published: August 2022

Background Doctors often deal with end-of-life issues other than assisted death, such as incompetent patients and treatment withdrawal, including food and fluids. Methods A link to a questionnaire was sent by email three times, at one-week intervals, to the doctors registered in the Northern Section of the Portuguese Medical Association. Results The questionnaire was returned by 1148 (9%) physicians. This study shows that only a minority of Portuguese doctors were willing to administer drugs in lethal doses to cognitively incompetent patients at the request of a family member or other close person, and even less would do it on their initiative. Most doctors favored the withdrawal of life support measures in advanced and progressive diseases at the patient’s request. Still, much fewer doctors agreed with the suspension of supportive life measures at the request of a family member, another close person, or by their own unilateral decision. However, fewer agreed with that action concerning the rest of the food and fluids. Portuguese doctors favor the administration of drugs for suffering control, even foreseeing they could shorten life. Conclusion Most doctors in this study respect patients’ autonomy but disagree with measures decided by others that have an impact on patients’ survival. They also agree with the administration of drugs for suffering control, even considering the possibility of shortening life.
Determinantes de la inseguridad alimentaria y su asociación con prácticas de alimentación y lactancia materna en el primer año de vida
Authors: Reséndiz Oscar , Torres Christian , Arredondo Armando , García Yair , Orozco Emanuel 
Published: August 2022

Resumen Objetivo: analizar los determinantes de la Inseguridad Alimentaria (IA) y su relación con las Prácticas de Alimentación (PA) y las Prácticas de Lactancia Materna (PLM) en el primer año de vida. Métodos: análisis de tipo cuantitativo sobre el binomio madre-hijo de una cohorte en México. Los datos de interés fueron el estado de seguridad alimentaria (SA), las PA y las PLM. Se desarrolló un modelo de regresión para evaluar determinantes asociados a la IA y un análisis de medias para determinar el impacto de la IA en las PA y las PLM. Resultados: el 54.1% de hogares presentó algún grado de IA. Las madres con pareja (OR = 0.25; p = 0.05) y con escolaridad superior (OR = 0.50; p = 0.04) tuvieron menor riesgo de padecer IA. En contraste, los hogares con mujeres mayores de 25 años estuvieron más expuestos a la IA (OR = 3.0; p = 0.00). Los hogares con IA introducen alimentos no recomendados como dulces, galletas o pastelitos ( p = 0.00) y bebidas no lácteas azucaradas ( p = 0.05) de forma prematura. Conclusiones: la IA requiere mayor atención por sus efectos en las PA y las PLM, las cuales son consideradas como factores asociados al desarrollo de mala nutrición.
Leg length discrepancy after skeletal maturity in patients treated with elastic intramedullary nails after femoral shaft fractures in childhood
Authors: Flinck Marianne , von Heideken Johan , Aurell Ylva , Riad Jacques 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose was to study radiographic and perceived leg length discrepancy after skeletal maturity in patients treated for femoral shaft fractures with elastic stable intramedullary nails in childhood. Methods: Thirty-five adults underwent standing radiographs and answered a questionnaire regarding perception of leg length discrepancy. Demographic data, fracture characteristics, angulation, stability of fixation, and callus formation, at time of fracture, were assessed. Results: Mean age at fracture was 10.2 (4.9–16.7) years, and mean follow-up time was 11.1 (3.8–16.8) years. In 8 of 35 participants, the fractured limb was 11–15 mm longer than the non-fractured, and in 16, 1–10 mm longer. In eight participants, the fractured limb was 1–10 mm shorter than the non-fractured, and in three participants, 12–23 mm shorter. The younger the child, the greater the lengthening (Rs = −0.49, p = 0.003). The greater the femoral angulation at time of fracture, the greater the shortening (Rs = 0.42, p = 0.013). There was no significant correlation between stability of fixation or callus formation 1 month postoperatively and radiographic leg length discrepancy after skeletal maturity. Fourteen (40%) had perception of leg length discrepancy at follow-up, of whom eight had a radiographic leg length discrepancy of 10–24 mm. Conclusion: Treatment with elastic stable intramedullary nail of femoral shaft fracture in childhood may result in radiographic leg length discrepancy. Younger children were more prone to lengthening and should possibly be assessed before skeletal maturity. The degree of fracture stability or callus formation at the time of fracture did not significantly affect leg length discrepancy. Perception of leg length discrepancy was not necessarily associated with a radiographic leg length discrepancy (≥10 mm). Level of evidence: level IV, case series.
Ultrasound imaging in diagnostics of Monteggia lesion in children
Authors: Čepelík Martin , Hendrych Jan , Melínová Hana , Havránek Petr , Pešl Tomáš 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the use of ultrasound imaging in diagnostics of Monteggia lesion in children where conventional radiographs and the use of the radiocapitellar line fail to provide an accurate diagnosis. Methods: Prospective diagnostic study of 70 patients treated between May 2018 and July 2021 in a pediatric level 1 trauma center. In 20 patients with the confirmed radiographic diagnosis of Monteggia lesion, an ultrasound of the humeroradial joint was performed to determine signs of both normal and dislocated elbow joint. In 36 patients with suspected humeroradial dislocation on plain radiographs, ultrasound imaging was performed to determine the definitive diagnosis. Overall, 14 patients with elbow joint injury other than humeroradial dislocation were excluded from the study. Results: The “double-hump sign” and the “congruency sign” were determined as normal findings on ultrasound of the humeroradial joint. These signs were applied to patients with unclear findings on radiographs. In three patients, the dislocation of the humeroradial joint was confirmed by ultrasound. In two patients, “defect in congruency sign” was seen during reduction despite normal radiographs, which required re-reduction. In 31 patients, dislocation of the humeroradial joint was refuted. In 34 out of the 36 patients, the diagnosis determined by ultrasound was confirmed in follow-up. Two patients did not attend the follow-up examination. Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging is an accessible, non-invasive, and dynamic point-of-care method that can be applied in children suffering from suspected humeroradial dislocation and/or subluxation. Level of evidence: Level III—diagnostic study.
Retrograde intramedullary nailing of the radius in children: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study of soft-tissue findings
Authors: Perhomaa Marja , Kyrö Antti , Niinimäki Jaakko , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Unstable forearm shaft fractures in children are preferably treated surgically using elastic stable intramedullary nails. The radius is nailed retrograde from the distal metaphysis. There is a risk of surgery-related soft-tissue complications during the operation. Close evaluation of occult surgery-related soft-tissue lesions has not been possible previously, due to the titanium alloy hardware used in the process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential findings in the surrounding soft tissues after intramedullary nailing of the radius, by using magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: The study population comprised 15 pediatric patients with forearm shaft fractures treated by polylactide-co-glycolide biodegradable intramedullary nails and postoperatively evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging. The main outcome was signal abnormality in any tendon at the entry point postoperatively. Secondarily, other changes in the soft tissues related to nailing were determined. Furthermore, the precise location of the entry point and the anatomic characteristics of the soft-tissue tunnel were described. Results: In total, 5 of 15 patients (33.3%) had transient signal pathology in a tendon postoperatively. Edema around the superficial radial nerve was detected in 13 of 15 patients (86.7%). The most common surgical approach was between the extensor pollicis brevis and the extensor carpi radialis longus tendons, which was applied in 10 of 15 patients (66.7%). Conclusions: One in three patients exhibited transient and occult surgery-related intraparenchymal signal pathology in a tendon, after forearm intramedullary nailing. Caution with surgical prepare of the soft-tissue cleavage is recommended. Level of evidence: IV
Older Adults’ Resilience Against Impact of Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kasuga Ayaka , Yasumoto Saori , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ishioka Yoshiko , Kikuchi Akari , Inagaki Hiroki , Ogawa Madoka , Hori Noriko , Masui Yukie , Choe Hwang , Muto Hiroyuki , Kabayama Mai , Godai Kayo , Ikebe Kazunori , Kamide Kei , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Gondo Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2022

Background: Older adults were expected to experience a decline in physical activities and an increase in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We investigated the changes in living conditions of 508 older adults (79.70 years ± 0.88) before (from July to December 2019) and during (in August 2020) the pandemic. We compared the mean score for the same individual instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), frequency of going out, exercise, and social interaction at two-time points. We also examined the influence of living arrangement (living alone or not) on the frequency of exercise and social interaction. Results: The frequency of going out decreased during the pandemic (in 2020); however, there was no significant change in IADL. The frequency of exercise and social interaction increased irrespective of the living arrangement. The frequency of exercise increased more in those living alone. Conclusions: Although older adults refrained from going out, they compensated for the risks of inactivity in daily life by increasing or maintaining their frequency of exercise and social interactions. The view that “older adults have a poor ability to accommodate the lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic” may be a stereotypical assumption.
How Family Members Experienced a Family-Focused Atrial Fibrillation Intervention in an Outpatient Setting—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rosenstrøm Stine , Chou Wan Xui , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Family-focused nursing has gained ground worldwide, and a range of healthcare systems are now practicing family-focused nursing, which has been shown to increase the quality of care. Even so, a lack of research remains into family-focused nursing for various groups of patients in clinical practice. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore how family members (FMs) of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) experienced a family-focused nursing intervention in a clinical outpatient setting. Methods This was a qualitative phenomenological interview study employing Reflective Lifeworld Research (RLR) to explore humans’ lived experiences. The data reported herein were derived from semi-structured interviews with seven FMs of patients with AF who participated in a clinical trial which tested a family-focused intervention in a Cardiology outpatient clinic treating patients with AF. The transcribed interviews were analyzed in four phases which is an iterative process as proposed by Dahlberg and Dahlberg. Findings The essence of the phenomenon was experiencing less panic and finding peace, which emerged from the following four patterns. (1) The FMs’ post-AF experience, (2) Enhanced understanding and knowledge of AF, (3) Personal interaction with a nurse specialist and (4) AF becomes manageable. A space facilitating reflection upon the disease and daily life with the disease was established through group sessions and family conversations. Conclusion A family-focused nursing intervention facilitated by specialized nurses with extensive communication skills filled a knowledge gap related to AF thereby reducing panic and increasing peace among FMs. Furthermore, the intervention facilitated family awareness of their resources to bring about change, regain balance, and enhance well-being in their everyday lives and initiated a healing process in the families. Future interventions for patients with AF should consider FMs as well as patients as an entity of care.
Diabetes Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Care in Asian American and Pacific Islanders of Texas: Data From the 2015–2019 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System
Authors: Nguyen Angelina P. , Angosta Alona D. , Ke Weiming , Khong Thy M. , Tran Connie C. , Kim Miyong T. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and needs of the Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) population with diabetes in Texas. Methods: This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data collected from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System in Texas from 2015 to 2019 for non-Hispanic White (NHW) and AAPI adults. Results: Although the overall crude diabetes prevalence was lower in AAPI adults, age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was higher than in NHWs. Significant risk factors associated with diabetes in the AAPI group included being male, marital status, lower education levels, lower income, being overweight/obese, and having a sedentary lifestyle. Engagement in self-management activities (checking blood glucose, checking feet, attending a diabetes management course) was lower in AAPIs than in NHWs. Conclusions: Given stiff barriers to adequate screening and self-management support in diabetes care among ethnic populations such as AAPIs, targeted efforts to improve diabetes screening and effective care are warranted. Because today’s AAPI populations are predominantly first-generation immigrant groups who suffer from language barriers, efforts should be made to develop health surveys in multiple languages for wider inclusion of understudied groups like AAPIs in diabetes-related research.
Dual antigen–targeted off-the-shelf NK cells show durable response and prevent antigen escape in lymphoma and leukemia
Authors: Cichocki Frank , Goodridge Jodie P. , Bjordahl Ryan , Mahmood Sajid , Davis Zachary B. , Gaidarova Svetlana , Abujarour Ramzey , Groff Brian , Witty Alec , Wang Hongbo , Tuininga Katie , Kodal Behiye , Felices Martin , Bonello Greg , Huffman Janel , Dailey Thomas , Lee Tom T. , Walcheck Bruce , Valamehr Bahram , Miller Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Substantial numbers of B cell leukemia and lymphoma patients relapse due to antigen loss or heterogeneity after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. To overcome antigen escape and address antigen heterogeneity, we engineered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells to express both an NK cell-optimized anti-CD19 CAR for direct targeting and a high affinity, non-cleavable CD16 to augment antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In addition, we introduced a membrane-bound IL-15/IL-15R fusion protein to promote in vivo persistence. These engineered cells, termed iDuo NK cells, displayed robust CAR-mediated cytotoxic activity that could be further enhanced with therapeutic antibodies targeting B cell malignancies. In multiple in vitro and xenogeneic adoptive transfer models, iDuo NK cells exhibited robust anti-lymphoma activity. Furthermore, iDuo NK cells effectively eliminated both CD19+ and CD19− lymphoma cells and displayed a unique propensity for targeting malignant cells over healthy cells that expressed CD19, features not achievable with anti-CAR19 T cells. iDuo NK cells combined with therapeutic antibodies represent a promising approach to prevent relapse due to antigen loss and tumor heterogeneity in patients with B cell malignancies.
Vacuum Evaporation of High-Quality CsPbBr3 Thin Films for Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Bai Tianxinyu , Wang Shenwei , Bai Liyuan , Zhang Kexin , Chu Chunyang , Yi Lixin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe all-inorganic lead halide perovskite has become a very promising optoelectronic material due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. Device performances are currently hindered by crystallinity of the films and environmental stability. Here, we adopted dual-source co-evaporation method to prepare CsPbBr3 films. By adjusting and controlling the co-evaporation ratio and substrate temperature, we obtained CsPbBr3 films with large grain sizes and uniform morphology. Films with smooth surfaces and large grains exhibit properties such as efficient photon capture, fast carrier transport, and suppressed ion migration. Therefore, in this paper, by refining the annealing conditions, the effects of annealing temperature and time on the films were studied in detail. The CsPbBr3 films were annealed under suitable annealing temperature and time in ambient air, and films with high quality and crystallinity and average grain size up to ~ 2.5 μm could maintain stability in ambient air for 130 days. The corresponding LEDs show the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the green EL spectrum is as narrow as 18 nm, and the devices have a low turn-on voltage VT ~ 3 V and can work continuously for 12 h in ambient air.
Assessing the risk factors for myocardial infarction in diet-induced prediabetes: myocardial tissue changes
Authors: Gumede Nompumelelo , Ngubane Phikelelani , Khathi Andile 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperglycaemia is known to result in oxidative stress tissue injury and dysfunction. Interestingly, studies have reported hepatic and renal oxidative stress injury during prediabetes; however, any injury to the myocardium during prediabetes has not been investigated. Hence this study aims to assess changes in the myocardial tissue in an HFHC diet-induced model of prediabetes.

Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly grouped into non-prediabetes and prediabetes (n = 6 in each group) and consumed a standard rat chow or fed a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet respectively for a 20-week prediabetes induction period. Post induction, prediabetes was confirmed using the ADA criteria. Aldose reductase, NADH oxidase 1, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide, cardiac troponins were analysed in cardiac tissue homogenate using specific ELISA kits. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by determining the concentration of malondialdehyde in the heart tissue homogenate according to the previously described protocol. Myocardial tissue sections were stained with H&E stain and analysed using Leica microsystem. All data were expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed with Graph Pad instat Software using the Student's two-sided t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the association. Value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The prediabetes group showed a markedly high oxidative stress as indicated by significantly increased NADH oxidase 1 and malondialdehyde while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide were decreased compared to non-prediabetes group. There was no statistical difference between cardiac troponin I and T in the non-prediabetes and prediabetes groups. Cardiac troponins had a weak positive association with glycated haemoglobin.

Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrate that prediabetes is associated with myocardial injury through oxidative stress. Future studies are to investigate cardiac contractile function and include more cardiac biomarkers.