bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weißen Phosphor selektiv funktionalisieren
Authors: Coburger Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMoleküle, die ein Phosphoratom enthalten, dienen als Liganden in der Übergangsmetallkatalyse, als Pharmazeutika, Photoinitiatoren und Flammschutzmittel. Bisher stellt die Industrie sie aus hochreaktivem P4 her und benötigt dazu weitere, oft giftige Reagenzien. Es gibt Alternativen.
Didaktik: Lücken zeigen
Authors: Weber Alexander , Werner Sebastian , Smarsly Bernd , Graulich Nicole 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn den klassischen Modellen kubischer Kristalle verstellen Kugeln den Blick auf die Lücken und erschweren die Wahrnehmung. Komplementärmodelle, die eine Art Negativ des Strukturmodells darstellen, können dazu beitragen, dass Lernende die Strukturen besser durchschauen und ihre Eigenschaften erkennen.
A Resonant Graphene NEMS Vibrometer
Authors: Moreno‐Garcia Daniel , Fan Xuge , Smith Anderson D. , Lemme Max C. , Messina Vincenzo , Martin‐Olmos Cristina , Niklaus Frank , Villanueva Luis Guillermo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeasuring vibrations is essential to ensuring building structural safety and machine stability. Predictive maintenance is a central internet of things (IoT) application within the new industrial revolution, where sustainability and performance increase over time are going to be paramount. To reduce the footprint and cost of vibration sensors while improving their performance, new sensor concepts are needed. Here, double‐layer graphene membranes are utilized with a suspended silicon proof demonstrating their operation as resonant vibration sensors that show outstanding performance for a given footprint and proof mass. The unveiled sensing effect is based on resonant transduction and has important implications for experimental studies involving thin nano and micro mechanical resonators that are excited by an external shaker.
Identification of superior haplotypes in a diverse natural population for breeding desirable plant height in soybean
Authors: Bhat Javaid Akhter , Karikari Benjamin , Adeboye Kehinde Adewole , Ganie Showkat Ahmad , Barmukh Rutwik , Hu Dezhou , Varshney Rajeev K. , Yu Deyue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Key message
Plant height of soybean is associated with a haplotype block on chromosome 19, which classified 211 soybean accessions into five distinct groups showing significant differences for the target trait.

Abstract
Genetic variation is pivotal for crop improvement. Natural populations are precious genetic resources. However, efficient strategies for the targeted utilization of these resources for quantitative traits, such as plant height (PH), are scarce. Being an important agronomic trait associated with soybean yield and quality, it is imperative to unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying PH in soybean. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with PH in a natural population of 211 cultivated soybeans, which was genotyped with NJAU 355 K Soy SNP Array and evaluated across six environments. A total of 128 SNPs distributed across 17 chromosomes were found to be significantly associated with PH across six environments and a combined environment. Three significant SNPs were consistently identified in at least three environments on Chr.02 (AX-93958260), Chr.17 (AX-94154834), and Chr.19 (AX-93897200). Genomic regions of ~ 130 kb flanking these three consistent SNPs were considered as stable QTLs, which included 169 genes. Of these, 22 genes (including Dt1) were prioritized and defined as putative candidates controlling PH. The genomic region flanking 12 most significant SNPs was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD). These SNPs formed a single haplotype block containing five haplotypes for PH, namely Hap-A, Hap-B, Hap-C, Hap-D, and Hap-E. Deployment of such superior haplotypes in breeding programs will enable development of improved soybean varieties with desirable plant height.
Challenges and opportunities in achieving effective regulatory T cell therapy in autoimmune liver disease
Authors: Richardson N. , Wootton G. E. , Bozward A. G. , Oo Y. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutoimmune liver diseases (AILD) include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). These immune-mediated liver diseases involve a break down in peripheral self-tolerance with largely unknown aetiology. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial in maintaining immunological tolerance. Hence, Treg immunotherapy is an attractive therapeutic option in AILD. Currently, AILD do not have a curative treatment option and patients take life-long immunosuppression or bile acids to control hepatic or biliary inflammation. Clinical investigations using good manufacturing practice (GMP) Treg in autoimmune liver disease have thus far demonstrated that Treg therapy is safe and that Treg migrate to inflamed liver tissue. For Treg immunotherapy to achieve efficacy in AILD, Treg must be retained within the liver and maintain their suppressive phenotype to dampen ongoing immune responses to hepatocytes and biliary epithelium. Therefore, therapeutic Treg subsets should be selected for tissue residency markers and maximal functionality. Optimisation of dosing regime and understanding longevity of Treg in vivo are critical to successful Treg therapy. It is also essential to consider combination therapy options to complement infused Treg, for instance low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) to support pre-existing and infused Treg survival and suppressive function. Understanding the hepatic microenvironment in both early- and late-stage AILD presents significant opportunity to better tailor Treg therapy in different patient groups. Modification of a hostile microenvironment to a more favourable one either prior to or during Treg therapy could enhance the efficacy and longevity of infused GMP-Treg. Applying recent technology to discovery of autoantigen responses in AILD, T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology represents the next frontier for disease-specific CAR-Treg therapies. Consideration of all these aspects in future trials and discovery research would position GMP Treg immunotherapy as a viable personalised-medicine treatment option for effective control of autoimmune liver diseases.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis: mesenchymal stromal cells from spleen provide an in vitro niche for myelopoiesis
Authors: Petvises Sawang , Tran Vinson , Hey Ying-Ying , Talaulikar Dipti , O’Neill Terence J. , Tan Jonathan , O’Neill Helen C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Murine spleen has been shown to harbour stromal cells that support hematopoiesis with production of myeloid antigen–presenting cells. Similar stromal lines have now been isolated from long-term cultures (LTC) of human spleen. When human progenitor populations from spleen, bone marrow and cord blood were employed as a source of progenitors for co-culture above splenic stromal lines, myelopoiesis was supported. Human splenocytes gave production of predominantly myeloid dendritic-like cells, with minor subsets resembling conventional dendritic cells (cDC) cells, and myeloid or monocyte-derived DC. Human bone marrow progenitors gave rise to myelopoiesis from hematopoietic progenitors, while human cord blood supported limited myelopoiesis from existing myeloid precursors. Transcriptome analysis compared two stromal lines differing in myelopoietic support capacity. Gene profiling revealed both stromal lines to reflect perivascular reticular cells with osteogenic characteristics. However, the 5C6 stroma which failed to support hematopoiesis uniquely expressed several inhibitors of the WNT pathway. Combined data now show that splenic stroma of both human and murine origin provides a mesenchymal stromal cell microenvironment which is WNT pathway–dependent, and which supports in vitro myelopoiesis with production of specific subsets of myeloid and dendritic-like cells.
Treatment Approaches for Melanomas That Relapse After Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Ng Gary , Xu Wen , Atkinson Victoria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Effective adjuvant treatment with immunotherapy and targeted therapy has significantly improved outcomes for patients with resectable locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, but a substantial proportion unfortunately relapse. Here, we review available data and explore evolving research which might impact decision-making in this setting.

Recent Findings
Small retrospective studies have explored pattern of disease relapse and observed outcomes of subsequent treatment. There are ongoing trials in the neoadjuvant setting which may provide valuable information regarding disease response and potentially change the way we approach disease relapse.

Summary
Currently there is limited evidence to guide clinicians in managing melanomas that relapse after adjuvant therapy. Standardised data collection and future prospective studies are needed.
Country-level factors in a failing relationship with nature: Nature connectedness as a key metric for a sustainable future
Authors: Richardson Miles , Hamlin Iain , Elliott Lewis R. , White Mathew P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change and biodiversity loss show that the human–nature relationship is failing. That relationship can be measured through the construct of nature connectedness which is a key factor in pro-environmental behaviours and mental well-being. Country-level indicators of extinction of nature experience, consumption and commerce, use and control of nature and negativistic factors were selected. An exploratory analysis of the relationship between these metrics and nature connectedness across adult samples from 14 European countries was conducted (n = 14,745 respondents). The analysis provides insight into how affluence, technology and consumption are associated with the human–nature relationship. These findings motivate a comparison of how nature connectedness and composite indicators of prosperity, progress, development, and sustainability relate to indicators of human and nature’s well-being. In comparison to composite indexes, it is proposed that nature connectedness is a critical indicator of human and nature’s well-being needed to inform the transition to a sustainable future.
Evolution of Clinical Care in COVID-Infected Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sigler Rachel , Chen Victor , Law Nancy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this review, we aim to summarize the evolution of care for the solid organ transplant recipient (SOTR) with COVID-19 disease, based on the current published guidelines and our center’s experience.

Recent Findings
Oral antiviral medications and monoclonal antibodies are now used with the goal to prevent severe disease. Immunomodulating drugs in addition to antivirals have been used in the treatment of severe COVID-19.

Summary
With the ongoing pandemic and unique challenges posed by the SOTR, understanding the risk and advancing management and treatment of COVID-19 infections are imperative to the successful care of a transplant recipient. There are many ongoing clinical trials being conducted in hopes of developing novel therapeutics towards COVID-19.
Entwicklung, Ausmaß und Determinanten der psychischen und emotionalen Erschöpfung bei Erzieherinnen und Erziehern
Authors: Madeira Firmino Nadine , Bauknecht Jürgen 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die psychische Erschöpfung bei Erziehern und Erzieherinnen in den Jahren 2006, 2012 und 2018 und die emotionale Erschöpfung in den Jahren 2012 und 2018 jeweils im Vergleich zu den Angehörigen anderer Berufsgruppen (Datenbasis: „Erwerbstätigenbefragungen“ des Bundesinstituts für Berufsbildung [BIBB] und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin [BAuA]). Innerhalb der beiden Gruppen (Erzieherinnen und Erzieher/andere Berufe) werden ebenso Untergruppen nach Alter und Geschlecht untersucht. Gemäß ihrer psychischen und emotionalen Erschöpfung werden die Erzieherinnen und Erzieher in vier Gruppen unterteilt. Zunächst wird die Verteilung verschiedener Belastungs- und Unterstützungsfaktoren bei pädagogischen Fachkräften einerseits sowie bei den Angehörigen anderer Berufe andererseits dargestellt. Im Anschluss wird ermittelt, wie diese Faktoren die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zugehörigkeit zur besonders stark belasteten Gruppe beeinflussen. Schließlich wird dargelegt, welche Belastungsfaktoren reduziert werden können, um die psychische und emotionale Erschöpfung bei Erzieherinnen und Erziehern zu reduzieren. Es kristallisieren sich einzelne Belastungsfaktoren heraus, bei denen aufgrund hoher Werte bei Erzieherinnen und Erziehern Spielraum für Verbesserungen vorhanden ist und die gleichzeitig bedeutsam für die Erschöpfung sind.
Operationalising AI governance through ethics-based auditing: an industry case study
Authors: Mökander Jakob , Floridi Luciano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEthics-based auditing (EBA) is a structured process whereby an entity’s past or present behaviour is assessed for consistency with moral principles or norms. Recently, EBA has attracted much attention as a governance mechanism that may help to bridge the gap between principles and practice in AI ethics. However, important aspects of EBA—such as the feasibility and effectiveness of different auditing procedures—have yet to be substantiated by empirical research. In this article, we address this knowledge gap by providing insights from a longitudinal industry case study. Over 12 months, we observed and analysed the internal activities of AstraZeneca, a biopharmaceutical company, as it prepared for and underwent an ethics-based AI audit. While previous literature concerning EBA has focussed on proposing or analysing evaluation metrics or visualisation techniques, our findings suggest that the main difficulties large multinational organisations face when conducting EBA mirror classical governance challenges. These include ensuring harmonised standards across decentralised organisations, demarcating the scope of the audit, driving internal communication and change management, and measuring actual outcomes. The case study presented in this article contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed description of the organisational context in which EBA procedures must be integrated to be feasible and effective.
POPULISM AND THE ‘NARROW CORRIDOR’ OF LIBERTY AND JUSTICE
Authors: Miller Marcus , Zissimos Ben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulist responses to matters of social concern are considered in a framework like that of Acemoglu and Robinson’s ‘narrow corridor’ that supports liberty and justice. We discuss the risk that such responses could result in a country being pushed out of this narrow corridor—and, if so, with what long-run consequences. We conclude that a political system of ‘checks and balances’ can play a key role in keeping the society within the narrow corridor; but it is incumbent on the existing political system to confront the issues of populist concern so as to come up with creative solutions.
The Estonian Swedish National Minority and the Estonian Cultural Autonomy Law of 1925
Authors: Kuldkepp Mart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 1925 Estonian cultural autonomy law is a rare example of the idea of nonterritorial national minority rights officially adopted in the interwar period. Scholarly interest in this legislation, however, has so far overwhelmingly concentrated on the case of the Baltic Germans. This article is intended to make a contribution toward a broader understanding of the 1925 law and the “cultural autonomy” discourse in Estonia altogether by examining the Estonian Swedish minority’s political leadership’s understanding of cultural autonomy: how it changed and developed up to 1925, and what the subsequent Swedish attitudes toward the 1925 Estonian cultural autonomy law were. I demonstrate that although the Swedish leaders had been closely involved in the long process leading up to the law’s passing in 1925, it ended up seen as being of little substantive relevance from the Swedish perspective. Furthermore, by being strongly associated with the term “cultural autonomy,” the law also deprived the Estonian Swedish national movement of an important slogan that had long functioned as the overarching goal of Estonian Swedish nationalism.
Assessment of risk of GM contamination in flaxseed accessions imported from Canada: a case study to restrict the unauthorized GM events from entering India
Authors: Singh Monika , Kaur Kushaldeep , Sharma Shilpi , Paliwal Aparna , Singh Mamta , Aminedi Raghavendra , Kaur Vikender , Randhawa Gurinderjit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn India, the restriction of genetically modified (GM) crops and derived products not approved in the country necessitates surveillance for transgene(s) in plant material/products imported into the country. CDC Triffid expressing acetolactate synthase (ALS) conferring tolerance to sulphonylurea herbicide is the only GM flax event that has got approval in Canada in 1990s and subsequently deregistered in 2001. In spite of deregistration, the unexpected and unauthorized detection of traces of GM flax in the consignments imported from Canada to Europe has further necessitated the stringent monitoring of flax shipments from Canada for suspected GM incidents. This study reports on the detection of transgenic elements being present in GM flax employing polymerase chain reaction assays, in a set of 123 flaxseed accessions imported from Canada for research purpose. Based on the tests conducted, none of the transgenic elements, namely, nos promoter (P-nos), nos terminator (T-nos), nptII marker gene, ALS transgene, as present in the GM flax CDC Triffid were detected in any of the tested accessions. The well-known herbicide tolerance gene cp4-epsps, being employed in Roundup® Ready events of other crops, was also not detected in these samples. This case study has demonstrated the importance of monitoring the presence of transgene(s) in flaxseed imports, and such studies need to be carried out for the imported seeds from the country where GM events of respective crop are being approved whereas they have not been approved in the country of import as a part of precautionary approach.
The Undesirable Effects and Impacts of Ice Contamination Experienced in the Cryo-Electron Tomography Workflow and Available Solutions
Authors: Lau Katherine , Jonker Caspar , Liu Jingyue , Smeets Marit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a powerful technique that can provide unprecedented insight into protein-protein interactions and molecular machinery in a near-native state. The adoption of cryo-ET by life science research groups is hampered by the challenges associated with cryo-ET sample preparation. The current sample preparation process has many steps at which ice contamination may occur to negatively affect the final sample and data quality. A survey was conducted to better understand the effects and impact of ice contamination to the cryo-ET outcome. Over 80 cryo-electron microscopy users worldwide participated in our survey. The results are presented in this article. We furthermore discussed the currently available solutions that can alleviate the ice contamination problems to increase the sample yield and cryo-ET data output.
Decadal and Long‐Term Variability of Sea Level in the Southwestern Pacific During 1948–2018
Authors: Sun Jingxuan , Zhang Linlin , Hu Dunxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecadal and long‐term variability of sea level in the Southwestern Pacific (SWP) was investigated by using tide gauge measurements obtained near New Zealand during 1948–2018 and a 1.5‐layer reduced gravity model. After the removal of the global mean sea level, there still exists a prominent positive trend and strong decadal oscillations in SWP sea level, which are attributed to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), respectively. On the long‐term time scale, the intensification of local wind stress curl associated with strengthening SAM contributes to SWP sea level rise (SLR) through Ekman convergence. On the decadal scale, locally generated and westward propagating signals induced by IPO exert comparable influences on sea level variations in the SWP. Results from multivariable linear regression suggest that SAM can account for almost all the long‐term SLR, and IPO explains approximately 58% of the decadal variability.
eldBETA: A Large Eldercare-oriented Benchmark Database of SSVEP-BCI for the Aging Population
Authors: Liu Bingchuan , Wang Yijun , Gao Xiaorong , Chen Xiaogang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal population aging poses an unprecedented challenge and calls for a rising effort in eldercare and healthcare. Steady-state visual evoked potential based brain-computer interface (SSVEP-BCI) boasts its high transfer rate and shows great promise in real-world applications to support aging. Public database is critically important for designing the SSVEP-BCI systems. However, the SSVEP-BCI database tailored for the elder is scarce in existing studies. Therefore, in this study, we present a largeeldercare-orientedBEnchmark database of SSVEP-BCI forTheAging population (eldBETA). The eldBETA database consisted of the 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) from 100 elder participants, each of whom performed seven blocks of 9-target SSVEP-BCI task. The quality and characteristics of the eldBETA database were validated by a series of analyses followed by a classification analysis of thirteen frequency recognition methods. We expect that the eldBETA database would provide a substrate for the design and optimization of the BCI systems intended for the elders. The eldBETA database is open-access for research and can be downloaded from the websitehttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.18032669.
Facemask wearing does not impact neuro-electrical brain activity
Authors: Tamimi Ahmad , Dahbour Said , Al-Btush Assma , Al-Qudah Abdelkarim , Masri Amira , Al-Ghanem Subhi , Juweid Malik E. , Olaimat Yazan , Al Qaisi Amer , Al-Soub Qutada , Naim Maha , Sawalmeh Ali , Jarrar Rund , Tarawneh Tala , Bader Mai , Tamimi Iskandar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the massive use of facemasks (FMs) during the covid-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised regarding the effect of FMs wearing on overall health. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of surgical FM on brain neuro-electrical activity. Electroencephalography (EEG) background frequency (BGF) and background amplitude (BGA) was performed on 30 volunteers before (baseline), during and after wearing a FM for 60 min. Measurements were done during normal ventilation, hyperventilation and post-hyperventilation (PHVR). Blood gas levels were assessed at baseline and after FM use. EEG analysis concerning baseline (without FM) (BGA), was 47.69 ± 18.60 µV, wearing FM, BGA was 48.45 ± 17.79 µV, post FM use BGA was 48.08 ± 18.30 µV. There were no statistically significant differences between baseline BGA and BGA under FM and post FM. BGF, Baseline data were 10.27 ± 0.79, FM use 10.30 ± 0.76 and post FM use was 10.33 ± 0.76. There were no statistically significant differences between baseline BGF and BGF under FM and post FM. Venous blood gases, and peripheral oxygen saturation were not significantly affected by FM use. Short-term use of FM in young healthy individuals has no significant alteration impact on brain's neuro-electrical activity