bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation and subsequent care of dental injuries sustained by New Zealand adults
Authors: Scott Nina , Cathro Peter Robert , Thomson William Murray 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsInjuries to permanent teeth are common and can have lasting effects, but knowledge of their consequences is deficient because there is a lack of information from longitudinal follow‐up studies of adult populations. The aim of this study was to use routinely collected adult dental trauma data from New Zealand's no‐fault, Government‐run social insurance scheme—the Accident Compensation Corporation—to investigate the presentation and subsequent care of dental injuries sustained by adults.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of all new dental injuries recorded during 2008 was followed by prospective analysis of all treatment claimed in the following five years for all new injuries recorded in June 2008 for adults aged 18+ years. Those injuries were categorised into five clinically meaningful, ordinal groups of dental injuries, ranging from least severe (Minor injury) to most severe (Severe displacement). The prospective post‐injury treatment information was summarised as (1) restorations; (2) crowns and veneers; (3) completed root canal treatment (preparation and obturation of root canal[s]); (4) extraction (extraction; surgical removal); and (5) implant placement.ResultsOrofacial trauma details were recorded for 32 110 individuals (of all ages) in 2008; males predominated in all age groups, except for those aged 65+ years. Of the 68 890 separate injuries to permanent teeth recorded, 74.9% involved maxillary teeth, with almost 50% involving teeth 21 and 11. Some 66.9% of the dental injuries were classified as Minor; 21.7% involved Fractures or loosening, and 8.2% were Severe fractures. Displacement and Severe displacement injuries comprised 1.8% and 2.5% respectively. During June 2008, dental injuries were recorded for 1325 adults. More than 80% of those dental injuries underwent treatment during the subsequent five years, and more severe initial trauma required more complicated treatment. Minor injuries accounted for 33.5%, fractures/loosening for 50.8%, severe fractures for 1.2%, displacements for 8.8%, and severe displacements for 5.8% of the total cost of treatment provided over that five‐year period.ConclusionsAlthough most injuries sustained were minor, their subsequent treatment burden is not only high but also greater with more severe initial trauma. The ongoing societal cost of orofacial trauma appears to be high.
Phenotypic expansion of KCNH1‐associated disorders to include isolated epilepsy and its associations with genotypes and molecular sub‐regional locations
Authors: Tian Mao‐Qiang , Li Ren‐Ke , Yang Fan , Shu Xiao‐Mei , Li Juan , Chen Jing , Peng Long‐Ying , Yu Xiao‐Hua , Yang Chang‐Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeGenotype‐phenotypic correlation of KCNH1 variant remains elusive. This study aimed to expand the phenotypic spectrum of KCNH1 and explore the correlations between epilepsy and molecular sub‐regional locations.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing in a cohort of 98 patients with familiar febrile seizure (FS) or epilepsy with unexplained etiologies. The damaging effects of variants were predicted by protein modeling and multiple in silico tools. All reported patients with KCNH1 pathogenic variants with detailed neurological phenotypes were analyzed to evaluate the genotype‐phenotype correlation.ResultsTwo novel KCNH1 variants were identified in three cases, including two patients with FS with inherited variant (p.Ile113Thr) and one boy with epilepsy with de novo variant (p.Arg357Trp). Variant Ile113Thr was located within the eag domain, and variant p.Arg357Trp was located in transmembrane domain 4 of KCNH1, respectively. Two patients experienced refractory status epilepticus (SE), of which one patient died of acute encephalopathy induced by SE. Further analysis of 30 variants in 51 patients demonstrated that de novo variants were associated with epileptic encephalopathy, while mosaic/somatic or germline variants cause isolated epilepsy/FS. All hotspot variants associated with epileptic encephalopathy clustered in transmembrane domain (S4 and S6), while those with isolated epilepsy/seizures or TBS/ZLS without epilepsy were scattered in the KCNH1.ConclusionsWe found two novel missense variants of KCNH1 in three individuals with isolated FS/epilepsy. Variants in the KCNH1 cause a spectrum of epileptic disorders ranging from a benign form of genetic isolated epilepsy/FS to intractable form of epileptic encephalopathy. The genotypes and variant locations help explaining the phenotypic variation of patients with KCNH1 variant.
Inhibition of the expression of rgs‐3 alleviates propofol‐induced decline in learning and memory in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Ayang , Jin Hongjiang , Fan Guibo , Li Yan , Li Chenglong , Li Qi , Ma Xiaofei , Zhao Tianyang , Sun Siqi , Liu Shuai , Gao Yueyue , Qi Sihua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundExposure to anesthesia leads to extensive neurodegeneration and long‐term cognitive deficits in the developing brain. Caenorhabditis elegans also shows persistent behavioral changes during development after exposure to anesthetics. Clinical and rodent studies have confirmed that altered expression of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) in the nervous system is a factor contributing to neurodegenerative and psychological diseases. Evidence from preclinical studies has suggested that RGS controls drug‐induced plasticity, including morphine tolerance and addiction. This study aimed to observe the effect of propofol exposure in the neurodevelopmental stage on learning and memory in the L4 stage and to study whether this effect is related to changes in rgs‐3 expression.MethodsCaenorhabditis elegans were exposed to propofol at the L1 stage, and learning and memory abilities were observed at the L4 stage. The expression of rgs‐3 and the nuclear distribution of EGL‐4 were determined to study the relevant mechanisms. Finally, RNA interference was performed on rgs‐3‐expressing cells after propofol exposure. Then, we observed their learning and memory abilities.ResultsPropofol time‐ and dose‐dependently impaired the learning capacity. Propofol induced a decline in non‐associative and associative long‐term memory, rgs‐3 upregulation, and a failure of nuclear accumulation of EGL‐4/PKG in AWC neurons. Inhibition of rgs‐3 could alleviate the propofol‐induced changes.ConclusionInhibition of the expression of rgs‐3 alleviated propofol‐induced learning and memory deficits in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Rethinking weight: Finding self‐compassion for ‘weight management’
Authors: Brenton‐Peters Jennifer M. , Vallis Michael , Grant Shannan , Consedine Nathan S. , Kirk Sara F. L. , Roy Rajshri , Serlachius Anna 
Published: October 2022

SummaryConventional weight management approaches emphasize engaging in health behaviours, such as healthy eating and physical activity, to control body weight and promote favourable health outcomes (e.g., lower blood pressure). However, weight management is a multi‐faceted, complex process influenced by numerous factors that limit the impact of behaviour change on weight. Self‐compassion, treating oneself kindly in times of increased distress or difficulty, may offer a way for individuals to cope with the challenges of managing weight. The objectives of this perspective paper are threefold: (1) to conceptualize weight management, (2) to describe the problem that arises when focusing solely on weight loss, and (3) to explore the theoretical rationale for integrating self‐compassion into weight management interventions. To support individual health and well‐being, there is a need to reframe measures of success and provide innovative ways to cope with the challenges of managing body weight. Continued research is needed to investigate whether self‐compassion can support health outcomes for those with weight management goals. This manuscript provides a proposed research agenda and implications for future practice.
Biotic homogenization and differentiation of plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests
Authors: Kramer Jean M. Freitag , Zwiener Victor P. , Müller Sandra Cristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts on biodiversity can lead to biotic homogenization (BH) and biotic differentiation (BD). BH is a process of increasing similarity in community composition (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic components), whereas BD is a process of decreasing similarity over space and time. Here, we conducted a systematic review of BH and BD in plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests to identify trends and knowledge gaps. Our bibliometric search in the Web of Science returned 1989 papers, of which 151 matched our criteria and were included in the analysis. The Neotropical region had the largest number of articles, and Brazil was the most represented country with 92 studies. Regarding the type of change, homogenization was more frequent than differentiation (noted in 69.6% of publications). The taxonomic diversity component was measured more often than functional and phylogenetic diversity components. Most studies (75.6%) assessed homogenization and differentiation based on a single observation in time; as opposed to few studies that monitored plant community over multiple years. Forest fragmentation was cited as the main determinant of homogenization and differentiation processes (57.2% of articles). Our results highlight the importance of evaluating community composition over time and more than taxonomic components (i.e., functional and phylogenetic) to advance understanding of homogenization and differentiation. Both processes were scale dependent and not mutually exclusive. As such, future research should consider differentiation as a potential transition phase to homogenization and that potential differences in both processes may depend on the spatial and temporal scale adopted. Understanding the complexity and causes of homogenization and differentiation is essential for biodiversity conservation in a world increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances.
Prioritizing livestock grazing right buyouts to safeguard Asiatic cheetahs from extinction
Authors: Daberger Michaela , Kuemmerle Tobias , Khaleghi Hamidi Amirhossein , Khalatbari Leili , Abolghasemi Hamed , Mirzadeh Hamid Reza , Ghoddousi Arash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLivestock husbandry exerts major pressures on wildlife across the world. Large carnivores are particularly at risk because they are often killed by pastoralists as a preventive or precautionary response to livestock depredation. Minimizing the overlap between pastures and carnivore habitat can thus be a conservation strategy, but it remains often unclear which pastures should be targeted to maximize conservation benefits given a limited budget. We addressed this question for the last viable population of the Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) in northeastern Iran. By combining species distribution modeling with a spatial prioritization framework, we aimed to identify where grazing right buyouts should take place to reduce cheetah killing by herders and their dogs. We assessed the Asiatic cheetah habitat using species distribution models, highlighting large, contiguous areas that overlap with livestock pastures (5792 km2, equaling 72% of the total predicted suitable habitat). Subsequently, we used data on the number and distribution of livestock (~47,000 animals in 80 pastures) and applied a spatial prioritization method to identify pastures for grazing right buyouts for a range of budget scenarios (US$100,000–600,000). Pastures selected had a high level of irreplaceability and were generally stable across budget scenarios. Our results provide a novel approach to minimize encounter rates between cheetah and livestock, and thus the mortality risk, for one of the world's most endangered felids and highlight the potential of spatial prioritization as a tool to devise urgent conservation actions.
Histopathologic and molecular characterization of BAP‐1‐inactivated melanoma
Authors: Miller Elisabeth M. , Linos Konstantinos , Bacchi Carlos E. , Gru Alejandro A. , Raghavan Shyam S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP‐1) is a deubiquitylase that functions as a tumor suppressor, regulating multiple cellular processes including cell cycle control, differentiation, cell death, and DNA repair. BAP‐1‐inactivated melanocytic tumors (BIMTs) have recently been described and are characterized by epithelioid cytomorphology, are often clonal in appearance, and typically do not recur or show malignant transformation on follow‐up.AimTo describe the histopathologic and molecular characterization of five cases of BAP‐1‐inactivated cutaneous malignant melanomas.MethodsThe archives at two separate institutions were retrospectively searched for tumors classified as melanoma with loss of BAP‐1 via immunohistochemistry. Five cases were identified. These cases were classified as malignant melanoma based on cytomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and ancillary molecular testing. The clinical demographics were recorded, along with the histomorphologic features of each case. Genomic analysis for all cases was performed via OncoScan.ResultsThe five reviewed cases consisted of two females and three males ranging from 67 to 74 years in age. Molecular characterization of each case was performed using OncoScan. Microarray assay showed that there was a complete deletion of 3p in all cases, BRAF V600E mutation in two cases, NRAS missense variant in one case, and loss of 9p in three cases. All cases showed malignant copy number alterations.ConclusionsHerein we describe five cases of BAP‐1‐inactivated melanomas confirmed by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry, all of which show malignant copy number profiles including loss of 3p. In addition, we provide a case of a likely BIMT showing progression to BAP‐1‐inactivated melanoma on a 16‐year follow‐up.
Clinical factors associated with noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for the expanded indication of intestinal‐type early gastric cancer: Post hoc analysis of a multi‐institutional, single‐arm, confirmatory trial (JCOG0607)
Authors: Kadota Tomohiro , Hasuike Noriaki , Ono Hiroyuki , Boku Narikazu , Mizusawa Junki , Oda Ichiro , Oyama Tsuneo , Horiuchi Yusuke , Hirasawa Kingo , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Minashi Keiko , Takizawa Kohei , Nakamura Kenichi , Muto Manabu 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe multi‐institutional, single‐arm, confirmatory trial JCOG0607 showed excellent efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the expanded indication of intramucosal intestinal‐type early gastric cancer (EGC), which consists of two groups: lesions >2 cm if clinical finding of ulcer (cUL)‐negative, or those ≤3 cm if cUL‐positive because of the expected low risk of lymph node metastasis. However, the proportion of noncurative resections (NCR) requiring additional surgery was high (32.4%). This post hoc analysis aimed to explore the clinical factors associated with NCR.MethodsAs the expanded indication includes two different groups, we explored the clinical factors associated with NCR separately in cUL‐negative (>2 cm) and cUL‐positive (≤3 cm) groups using the log–linear model.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty cUL‐negative and 206 cUL‐positive EGCs were analyzed. The proportions of NCR were 33.8% in the cUL‐negative group and 29.6% in the cUL‐positive group. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that moderately differentiated predominant histology diagnosed in pretreatment biopsy (risk ratio [RR] 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–2.77, P < 0.001) and lesion in the upper stomach (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03–2.96, P = 0.038) in the cUL‐negative EGCs, and tumor size >2 cm (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22–2.58, P = 0.003) and female sex (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.07–2.44, P = 0.021) in the cUL‐positive EGCs were independent factors associated with NCR.ConclusionsClinical risk factors associated with NCR were different between cUL‐negative and cUL‐positive EGCs. To avoid NCR, we need to take these factors into account when deciding expanded indications for ESD.
Demographic history and conservation genomics of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Québec
Authors: Dedato Morgan N. , Robert Claude , Taillon Joëlle , Shafer Aaron B. A. , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe loss of genetic diversity is a challenge many species are facing, with genomics being a potential tool to inform and prioritize decision‐making. Most caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations have experienced significant recent declines throughout Québec, Canada, and are considered of concern, threatened or endangered. Here, we calculated the ancestral and contemporary patterns of genomic diversity of five representative caribou populations and applied a comparative population genomics framework to assess the interplay between demographic events and genomic diversity. We first calculated a caribou specific mutation rate, μ, by extracting orthologous genes from related ungulates and estimating the rate of synonymous mutations. Whole genome re‐sequencing was then completed on 67 caribou: from these data we calculated nucleotide diversity, θπ and estimated the coalescent or ancestral effective population size (Ne), which ranged from 12,030 to 15,513. When compared to the census size, NC, the endangered Gaspésie Mountain caribou population had the highest ancestral Ne:NC ratio which is consistent with recent work suggesting high ancestral Ne:NC is of conservation concern. In contrast, values of contemporary Ne, estimated from linkage‐disequilibrium, ranged from 11 to 162, with Gaspésie having among the highest contemporary Ne:NC ratio. Importantly, classic conservation genetics theory would predict this population to be of less concern based on this ratio. Interestingly, F varied only slightly between populations, and despite evidence of bottlenecks across the province, runs of homozygosity were not abundant in the genome. Tajima's D estimates mirrored the demographic models and current conservation status. Our study highlights how genomic patterns are nuanced and potentially misleading if viewed only through a contemporary lens; we argue a holistic conservation genomics view should integrate ancestral Ne and Tajima's D into management decisions.
Dark diversity in Amazonian stream fish communities: What factors determine species absence along environmental gradients?
Authors: Cantanhêde Lorrane Gabrielle , Teresa Fabrício Barreto , Hoeinghaus David Joseph , Winemiller Kirk Owen , de Assis Montag Luciano Fogaça 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Species distribution models often fail to predict observed patterns of species diversity, and this is because some species within a regional pool that are tolerant of conditions at a given location may nevertheless be absent from the local community. These missing species have been termed “dark diversity”. In the present study, we investigated which factors explain dark diversity among fish assemblages in Amazonian streams.

We sampled 71 streams in areas with different types of land use within two river basins and estimated dark diversity from patterns of species co‐occurrence, using Beals’ index, along environmental gradients. From this procedure, taxa are designated as dark diversity components when they are absent from a given stream, but often co‐occur with the local species at other streams, indicating similar ecological requirements. We used generalised linear models both to determine whether environmental or landscape variables, connectivity, instream environmental heterogeneity or some combination of these factors explained dark diversity of fishes, and to evaluate whether ecomorphology is associated with the extent to which a species contributes to dark diversity and which specific traits contribute the most to explaining variation in dark diversity.

Mean local diversity exceeded observed dark diversity. The magnitude of dark diversity was directly associated with the proportion of secondary forest in the immediate catchment and with the index of proximity to anthropogenic impact. Species that have high affinity for environments with higher current velocity, low swimming ability and that capture food mainly on the surface contributed more to dark diversity, which suggests that swimming ability, habitat preference and aspects related to diet are key predictors of the probability that a given species will be present at locations with suitable habitat.

Our findings reinforce the idea that dark diversity results from interactions between species traits and environmental factors, including anthropogenic impacts. Understanding the interplay among environmental factors and species traits that contribute to dark diversity provides targets for improved ecosystem restoration and sustainability of native species assemblages.
The effects of marine heatwaves on acute heat tolerance in corals
Authors: Marzonie Magena R. , Bay Line K. , Bourne David G. , Hoey Andrew S. , Matthews Samuel , Nielsen Josephine J. V. , Harrison Hugo B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScleractinian coral populations are increasingly exposed to conditions above their upper thermal limits due to marine heatwaves, contributing to global declines of coral reef ecosystem health. However, historic mass bleaching events indicate there is considerable inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in thermal tolerance whereby species, individual coral colonies and populations show differential susceptibility to exposure to elevated temperatures. Despite this, we lack a clear understanding of how heat tolerance varies across large contemporary and historical environmental gradients, or the selective pressures that underpin this variation. Here we conducted standardised acute heat stress experiments to identify variation in heat tolerance among species and isolated reefs spanning a large environmental gradient across the Coral Sea Marine Park. We quantified the photochemical yield (Fv/Fm) of coral samples in three coral species, Acropora cf humilis, Pocillopora meandrina, and Pocillopora verrucosa, following exposure to four temperature treatments (local ambient temperatures, and + 3°C, +6°C and + 9°C above local maximum monthly mean). We quantified the temperature at which Fv/Fm decreased by 50% (termed ED50) and used derived values to directly compare acute heat tolerance across reefs and species. The ED50 for Acropora was 0.4–0.7°C lower than either Pocillopora species, with a 0.3°C difference between the two Pocillopora species. We also recorded 0.9°C to 1.9°C phenotypic variation in heat tolerance among reefs within species, indicating spatial heterogeneity in heat tolerance across broad environmental gradients. Acute heat tolerance had a strong positive relationship to mild heatwave exposure over the past 35 years (since 1986) but was negatively related to recent severe heatwaves (2016–2020). Phenotypic variation associated with mild thermal history in local environments provides supportive evidence that marine heatwaves are selecting for tolerant individuals and populations; however, this adaptive potential may be compromised by the exposure to recent severe heatwaves.
Divergence of the world city system from national economies
Authors: Leffel Benjamin , Marahrens Helge , Alderson Arthur S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study shows that the position of cities in the world economy has diverged from national economies. Using data from 2016, we evaluate a network of 12,802 cities formed by the location decisions of 24,355 firms in terms of their point centrality, and show that the inter‐city and inter‐national systems have measurably decoupled, disrupting the previously‐observed pattern in which the most powerful cities in the world city system were located in core countries, "mid‐level" cities were in the semi‐periphery,and the least powerful cities were in peripheral countries. Our findings support predictions that globalizing cities would diverge from national economies and that globalization would generate a new global geography that transects long‐standing cleavages in the world system.