bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlação da fração inspirada de oxigênio no intraoperatório e pós-operatório imediato com a menor incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: De Vasconcelos Mororó Wanderley Ana Roberta , Lemos de Carvalho Sérgio Manoel , Bueno de Andrade Rafael , De Carvalho Gomes Gabriella Caroline , Leite Fernandes Raphaella Amanda Maria 
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: Identificar nos artigos revisados a FIO no intraoperatório e pós-operatório ideal para reduzir a incidência de ISC. Métodos: Desenvolveu-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com busca nas bases de dados: LILACS, PUBMED e SCIELO para responder a seguinte questão norteadora: Correlação da FiO no intraoperatório e pós-operatório imediato com a menor incidência de ISC. Resultados: Na avaliação dos artigos estudados, não comprovaram relevante melhoria na ISC após a utilização de altas FiO. Porém, estudos evidenciaram menor incidência desta infecção nos pacientes que receberam altas concentração de oxigênio suplementar no intraoperatório e pósoperatório. Conclusão: Existe correlação entre o aumento da FIO no intraoperatório e pós-operatório com a menor incidência de ISC. Entretanto, diante da pequena quantidade de estudos disponíveis na literatura, da heterogeneidade das populações e dos procedimentos cirúrgicos conclui-se que são necessárias mais pesquisa.
Biodiversity in the Cipeles River, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rostika . , Yustiati Ayi , Herawati Titin , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the diversity of fish species and to analyze the condition of water quality in the Cipeles River, Summedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted for one month. The research method used was census with purposive sampling technique. The sampling period is four times a week. Analysis of the data used in this study is the composition of fish species, relative abundance, diversity, and water quality with quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed that the fish caught were baung (Mystus cavasius), singaringan (Mystus singaringan), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), hampala (Hampala macrolepidota), paray (Rasbora aprotaenia), genggehek (Mystacoleucus marginatus), lalawak (Barbonymus balleroides), and and julung-julung (Dermogenys pusilla). The fish diversity index value 0,85 – 0,89 was categorized as low with the highest relative abundance of genggehek fish (Mystacoleucus marginatus) at stations I and III, and lalawak fish (Barbonymus balleroides) at station II. The native fish of the Cipeles River that was able to adapt from 2001 until now is M. marginatus.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Varshitha Kampally Mary , Singh Vikram , George Shruthi Grace , Singh A. C. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Chickpea is leguminous crop, which offers a good nutrition to people across the world. As a rich source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, chickpeas may offer a variety of health benefits, such as aiding weight management, improving digestion, and reducing your risk of disease.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Plant growth regulators and spacing in growth and yield of Chickpea.
Methods: With the goal of studying the effect of plant growth regulators and spacing on growth and yield of Chickpea under a Randomized block design with 9 treatments (T1-T9) The experimental results revealed that GA3@10ppm+30cmx10cm produced maximum plant height (56.84), plant dry weight (17.45g/plant) no of nodules per plant (23.33) and yield parameters no of pods per plant (65.50) no of seeds per pod (1.84) seed yield (2.07 ta/ha) and stover yield (3.11ta /ha).
Conclusion: The combination of GA3@10ppm and 30cmx10cm proved to be the most advantageous to farmers, resulting in 56.84cm plant height, 17.45-gm plant dry weight, no of nodules per plant (23.33) and yield parameters no of pods per plant (65.50) no of seeds per pod (1.84) seed yield (2.07 ta/ha) and stover yield (3.11ta /ha), respectively.
Frequency of Meningitis in Patients Presenting with Neonatal Sepsis at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Suneet , Yahya Yousuf , Raza Muhammad Saad , Qadri Kashif Habib , Sangi Rumana , Kamran Amber , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of meningitis in neonatal sepsis patients at a tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Department of pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi from 11 – 2019 to 04 – 2020.
Methodology: A total of 120 Neonates within first 28 days of life with positive blood culture were included in this study. Patient’s data was collected on a predesigned proforma including demographics. Diagnosis of meningitis was done by performing lumber puncture. CSF analysis, blood, and CSF cultures were all tested in the lab.
Results: The average age of the patients was 10.75±7.24 days. There were 66(55%) males and 54(45%) females. Meningitis was found in 23.33% of patients with neonatal sepsis (28/120). Rate of meningitis was significantly high in late onset of sepsis as compared to early onset of sepsis (32.8% vs. 11.3%; p=0.006).
Conclusion: In this study the frequency of meningitis with neonatal sepsis was high. Meningitis has a strong link to neonatal sepsis, and it must be ruled out in those babies to avoid neurological problems.
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Avocado (Persea americana) Seed and Pulp on Some Pathogenic Organisms
Authors: Ilesanmi T. M. , Oladipo O. O. , Olaleye A. C. , Osasona O. D. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Persea americana is regarded as a unique plant in many African countries. Its numerous parts are employed in the treatment of several diseases. The possible function mechanism of P. americana functions is under study.
Aims: This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial effect of oil extracted from seed and pulp of P. americana using agar diffusion technique.
Methodology: The seed oil of P. americana was exhaustively extracted with a Soxhlet extractor from 500 g seeds and 200 g seeds of P. americana using di-ethyl ether as solvent. The extraction solvent was removed to obtain the oil which was then subjected to antimicrobial activity test to determine its activity against the following clinical isolates namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Candida albicans using conventional antibiotics as control. Phytochemical screening was carried out following standard methods.
Results: The result of phytochemicals screening was presented with alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, polyphenol, tannins, steroids as present. The result revealed P. aeruginosa to have the highest diameter of zones of inhibition of 12.00 – 30.00 mm at the concentrations of 0.1 – 0.4 g/mL respectively. S. aureus had diameter of zones of inhibition of 10.00 – 20.00 mm at the concentrations of 0.1 – 0.4 g/mL. E. coli had diameter of zones of inhibition of 10.00 – 15.00 mm at the concentrations of 0.1 – 0.4 g/mL respectively. C. albicans had diameter of zones of inhibition of 8.00 – 13.00 mm at the concentrations of 0.1 – 0.4 g/mL respectively; and S. pneumonia had diameter of zones of inhibition of 8.00 – 12.00 mm at the concentrations of 0.1 – 0.4 g/mL respectively. The results of the antimicrobial test on the seed oil showed appreciable antibacterial activities against the test organisms. The result of the test organisms was susceptible to conventional antibiotics.
Conclusion: Oil extract of avocado pear (P. americana) will be helpful to many researchers in the field of finding antibacterial activities in plant; and the oil is recommended for treatment of skin infections inherent with these organisms.
Polarity‐Differentiated Dielectric Materials in Monolayer Graphene Charge‐Regulated Field‐Effect Transistors for an Artificial Reflex Arc and Pain‐Modulation System of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Fu Yi , Chan Ya‐Ting , Jiang Yi‐Pei , Chang Kuo‐Hsuan , Wu Hsiu‐Chuan , Lai Chao‐Sung , Wang Jer‐Chyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nervous system is a vital part of organisms to survive and it endows them with remarkable abilities, such as perception, recognition, regulation, learning, and decision‐making, by intertwining myriad neurons. To realize such outstanding efficacies and functions, many artificial devices and systems have been investigated to emulate the operating principles of the nervous system. Here, an artificial reflex arc (ARA) and artificial pain modulation system (APMS) are proposed to imitate the unconscious behaviors of the spinal cord. GdxOy‐ and AlxOy‐based charge‐regulated field‐effect transistors (CRFETs) with a monolayer graphene channel are fabricated and adopted as inhibitory and excitatory synapses, respectively, under the same pulse signals to mimic the biological reflex arc through a connection with a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)‐based actuator. Additionally, a memristor is integrated with a CRFET as the interneuron to regulate the Dirac point by controlling the voltage drop on the graphene channel, analogous to the descending pain‐inhibition system in the spinal cord, to prevent excessive pain perception. The proposed ARA and APMS provide a significant step forward to realizing the functions of the nervous system, giving promising potential for developing future intelligent alarm systems, neuroprosthetics, and neurorobotics.
Bio‐Inspired Fabrication of Porous Aromatic Framework‐Coated Fabric for Achieving Durable Superhydrophobic Applications
Authors: Yan Zhuojun , Qiao Yimin , Li Na , Zheng Guiyue , Cui Bo , Ruan Xianghui , Yang Yajie , Bu Naishun , Yuan Ye , Xia Lixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPorous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) composed of high‐density phenyl units are renowned for stable micro/meso‐porous architecture and highly hydrophobic surface, which make them ideal candidates for durable superhydrophobic applications, especially under harsh conditions. Herein, a carbazole‐based PAF solid is synthesized using carbazole and triphenylamine as the building units through the CC linking pattern. For the first time, the PAF powder is uniformly deposited on the fabric surface via a facile dip‐coating method, which thus shows superhydrophobicity with high water contact angle of 153.8° and oil contact angle of approximately 0°. Consequently, the PAF‐coated fabric displays an outstanding simple oil/water mixture and separation efficiency of over 96% and enables simple and time‐saving cyclic utilization at least 10 times. Due to the ultrahigh stability of PAF skeleton, the PAF‐based composite maintains high superhydrophobicity under extreme conditions including high temperature, high humidity, and strong acidic/alkaline solutions. These results delineate important research advances toward the implementation of PAF powder in superhydrophobic applications.
Induced Birefringence in 3D Printing: Concealing Information Optically within Printed Objects
Authors: Roper David M. , Kwon Kyung‐Ah , Malone Luke P. , Best Serena M. , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method to spatially vary the intra‐layer birefringence of Fused Filament Fabricated (FFF) parts by controlling chain alignment during extrusion along individual rasters. The role of print speed, extrusion factor and layer separation on the birefringence of single PLLA layers is explored, at thicknesses ranging from 50–125 µm and print speeds 1000–6000 mm min−1. The cumulative and subtractive effect of multiple PLLA layers are explored to elicit colours corresponding to a range of retardations, achieve complete extinction, and printing a physical Michel‐Levy chart. By increasing print speed and reducing layer separation and extrusion factor, a birefringence up to Δn = 9 × 10−4 could be achieved in single layers. In multi‐layer structures, retardations of 0–800 nm are demonstrated. These results suggest that spatially varied birefringence can be used to store data, text or images, which can be resolved when parts are illuminated between polarizers. This effect is utilized to present a steganographic technique embedding information within bulk printed parts. These techniques might find application in a range of printed optics and devices, where spatial control over molecular alignment and associated influence on the propagation of light is desirable, including the ability to encode information within a print.
Improved Efficiency of Light‐Emitting Diodes by Plasmonic Nanopatterning of the Charge‐Transfer Layer
Authors: Lin Lyuye , Krahne Roman , Proietti Zaccaria Remo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are presently not exploited at their full potential due to a multiple range of detrimental effects, such as generation of local modes, either surface plasmon‐like or optical modes, ohmic losses, or total internal reflection caused by refractive index mismatch. Herein, the authors focus on LEDs with layered architectures by investigating the effects of interface nanopatterning occurring in the electron‐transport layer on their overall performance. In particular, the integration of photonic nanostructures is investigated, while leaving the optical properties of the emitting material unchanged. The numerical results show that specifically designed nanopatterning can strongly contribute to the enhancement of the Purcell factor, outcoupling efficiency and thereby increase the external quantum efficiency by a factor of 2 with respect to the unpatterned structures. This demonstrates that, as in other light‐emission technologies, morphological patterning is a valid strategy to improve the performance of LEDs.
Formation of N−P(O)−S Bonds from White Phosphorus via a Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yue , Cao Yinwei , Chi Yangyang , Chen Shuanghui , Zeng Xiangzhe , Liu Yan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFunctionalization of white phosphorus with disulfides, amines and KOH to phosphoramidodithioates containing both P−N, P−S and P=O bonds via a four‐component reaction is presented. It proceeds with high yields and provides an attractive approach for the construction of valuable N−P(O)−S motif using a one‐step strategy. The advantages of this newly developed process include a clean reaction profile, complete conversion of white phosphorus, transition metal‐free and halogen‐free environmentally benign system, and large‐scale synthetic application. Besides, phosphoramidodithioates can also be utilized to construct P−C, P−O and P=S bonds with the appropriate reagents.magnified image
Ultrasensitive Molecular Detection at Subpicomolar Concentrations by the Diffraction Pattern Imaging with Plasmonic Metasurfaces and Convex Holographic Gratings
Authors: Wu Mingxi , Li Guohua , Ye Xiangyi , Zhou Bin , Zhou Jianhua , Cai Jingxuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompact and cost‐effective optical devices for highly sensitive detection of trace molecules are significant in many applications, including healthcare, pollutant monitoring and explosive detection. Nanophotonic metasurface‐based sensors have been intensively attracting attentions for molecular detection. However, conventional methods often involve spectroscopic characterizations that require bulky, expensive and sophisticated spectrometers. Here, a novel ultrasensitive sensor of plasmonic metasurfaces is designed and fabricated for the detection of trace molecules. The sensor features a convex holographic grating, of which the first‐order diffraction pattern of a disposable metasurface is recorded by a monochrome camera.The diffraction pattern changes with the molecules attached to the metasurface, realizing label‐free and spectrometer‐free molecular detection by imaging and analyzing of the diffraction pattern. By integrating the sensor with a microfluidic setup, the quantitative characterization of rabbit anti‐human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human IgG biomolecular interactions is demonstrated with an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 pm. Moreover, both the metasurface and holographic grating are obtained through vacuum‐free solution‐processed fabrications, minimizing the manufacturing cost of the sensor. A prototype of the imaging‐based sensor, consisting of a white light‐emitting diode (LED) and a consumer‐level imaging sensor is achieved to demonstrate the potential for on‐site detection.
Bioresorbable Nanostructured Chemical Sensor for Monitoring of pH Level In Vivo
Authors: Corsi Martina , Paghi Alessandro , Mariani Stefano , Golinelli Giulia , Debrassi Aline , Egri Gabriella , Leo Giuseppina , Vandini Eleonora , Vilella Antonietta , Dähne Lars , Giuliani Daniela , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere, the authors report on the manufacturing and in vivo assessment of a bioresorbable nanostructured pH sensor. The sensor consists of a micrometer‐thick porous silica membrane conformably coated layer‐by‐layer with a nanometer‐thick multilayer stack of two polyelectrolytes labeled with a pH‐insensitive fluorophore. The sensor fluorescence changes linearly with the pH value in the range 4 to 7.5 upon swelling/shrinking of the polymer multilayer and enables performing real‐time measurements of the pH level with high stability, reproducibility, and accuracy, over 100 h of continuous operation. In vivo studies carried out implanting the sensor in the subcutis on the back of mice confirm real‐time monitoring of the local pH level through skin. Full degradation of the pH sensor occurs in one week from implant in the animal model, and its biocompatibility after 2 months is confirmed by histological and fluorescence analyses. The proposed approach can be extended to the detection of other (bio)markers in vivo by engineering the functionality of one (at least) of the polyelectrolytes with suitable receptors, thus paving the way to implantable bioresorbable chemical sensors.
Salt‐Inducible Kinase 2‐Triggered Release of Its Inhibitor from Hydrogel to Suppress Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Hua Yue , Yin Han , Liu Xiaoyang , Xie Jinbing , Zhan Wenjun , Liang Gaolin , Shen Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSalt‐inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is a promising target for ovarian cancer therapy due to its critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Currently available SIK2 inhibitors have shown remarkable therapeutic effects on ovarian cancers in preclinical studies. However, direct administration of the SIK2 inhibitors may bring significant off‐target effect, limiting their clinical applications. In this work, by rational design of a hydrogelator Nap‐Phe‐Phe‐Glu‐Glu‐Leu‐Tyr‐Arg‐Thr‐Gln‐Ser‐Ser‐Ser‐Asn‐Leu‐OH (Nap‐S) to coassemble a SIK2 inhibitor HG‐9‐91‐01 (HG), a SIK2‐responsive supramolecular hydrogel (Gel Nap‐S+HG) for local administration and SIK2‐responsive release of HG is reported to efficiently suppress ovarian cancer metastasis. Under the activation of SIK2 overexpressed in ovarian cancers, Nap‐S in the hydrogel is phosphorylated to yield hydrophilic Nap‐Phe‐Phe‐Glu‐Glu‐Leu‐Tyr‐Arg‐Thr‐Gln‐Ser(H2PO3)‐Ser‐Ser‐Asn‐Leu (Nap‐Sp), triggering the disassembly of the hydrogel and a responsive release of the inhibitor. Cell experiments indicate that sustained release of HG from Gel Nap‐S+HG induce a prominent therapeutic effect on cancer cells by inhibiting SIK2 and phosphorylation of their downstream signaling molecules. Animal experiments demonstrate that, compared with those tumor model mice treated with free HG, Gel Nap‐S+HG‐treatment mice show an enhanced inhibition on ovarian tumor growth and metastasis. It is anticipated that the Gel Nap‐S+HG can be applied for ovarian cancer therapy in clinic in the near future.
Food retail profits, competition, and the Great Recession
Authors: Cleary Rebecca , Chenarides Lauren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the competitive effects of entry in the food retail sector in nonmetropolitan counties in the United States from 1998 to 2014. We pay particular attention to the period that covers the Great Recession, which disrupted market structure across a number of industries. Using a county‐level panel dataset, we use a seminal entry model to infer the local competitive effects of entry in the food retail sector. We estimate entry thresholds over time, which we then use to describe the rate of decline in profit margins following subsequent entry via entry threshold ratios. We find that food retail firms required a smaller market size to break even during the Great Recession, perhaps pointing to higher profits, as consumers shifted purchases to food‐at‐home. This effect is short‐lived for all but a single firm. The market threshold required to support a single food retail firm remains low throughout the post‐recession recovery period. We also find that the second firm may not decrease profit margins, but that competition increases meaningfully with the third and fourth entrants. The increased competition during the Great Recession also appears to have persisted into the recovery period. [EconLit Citations: L18; Q18].
Micrometastasis in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Hirofumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for node‐positive stage III patients. A systematic meta‐analysis reported that the presence of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes (LNs) was associated with poor survival in patients with node‐negative CRC. Because most data employed in the meta‐analysis were based on retrospective studies, we conducted a prospective clinical trial and concluded that stage II is a transitional zone between stage I and stage III, where CRC tumors continuously increase the micrometastasis volume in LNs and proportionally raise the risk for tumor recurrence. The one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay is a simple and rapid technique to detect CK19 mRNA using the reverse‐transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) method. Using the OSNA assay, we and colleagues reported that the upstaging rates of pStages I, IIA, IIB, and IIC were 2.0%, 17.7%, 12.5%, and 25%, respectively, in 124 node‐negative patients. Survival analysis indicated that OSNA positive stage II CRC patients had a shorter 3‐y disease‐free survival rate than OSNA negative stage II CRC patients. In 2017, AJCC TNM staging (the 8th version) revised the definition of LN metastasis in colon cancer and it is stated that micrometastasis should be considered as a standard LN metastasis. To our surprise, this revision was based on a meta‐analysis to which our previous study on micrometastasis largely contributed. The remaining questions to be addressed are how to find micrometastases efficiently and whether postadjuvant chemotherapy is effective to prevent disease recurrence and to contribute to longer survival.