bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the future: Climate change effects on habitat suitability of Parnassius apollo throughout the Quaternary glacial cycles
Authors: Sbaraglia Claudio , Samraoui Kenz Raouf , Massolo Alessandro , Bartoňová Alena Sucháčková , Konvička Martin , Fric Zdeněk Faltýnek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Alpine grasslands above the treeline are severely threatened by climate change, mainly due to forest expansion driven by warmer conditions. Analogous lowland grasslands experience severe reductions due to land‐use abandonment and forest encroachment.
To address how climate change impacted open‐areas insects, we used Parnassius apollo as a model, a butterfly with wide Palearctic distribution inhabiting both alpine and low‐altitude steppe grasslands. We modelled upper Pleistocene range changes from the Last Interglacial (130 Kya) to the present and future (2050/2070), using medium and high greenhouse gas emission rates for the latter.
We combined bioclimatic variables (Worldclim, Paleoclim, Chelsa) with distribution records of P. apollo and two of its most often used larval host plants (Sedum album; Hylotelephium telephium) to formulate species distribution models (SDMs) via the Maximum entropy method.
We estimated a substantial range expansion during cold periods (last glacial maximum, 22 Kya) and contractions in warmer periods. Including the host plants in the models brought reduced suitable areas estimate, possibly due to differences in climatic requirements of hosts and the butterfly. Future projections of the extent of suitable climates are surprisingly better than would be expected from a warming climate, likely because the current distribution, especially at lower elevations, is probably restricted by habitat loss due to land abandonment and afforestation.
We recommend preventing afforestation in critical habitats across Europe and Asia, and increasing survey activities to perform more accurate SDMs.
Cost evaluation of the Merlin assay for predicting melanoma sentinel lymph node biopsy metastasis
Authors: Thao Viengneesee , Dholakia Ruchita , Moriarty James P. , Borah Bijan J. , Dwarkasing Jvalini , Meves Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Merlin assay for melanoma‐risk assessment has become commercially available to reduce the rate of unnecessary sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) in SLNB‐eligible patients with cutaneous melanoma. Merlin low‐risk patients are recommended to undergo wide local excision (WLE) of the primary tumor, whereas Merlin high‐risk patients are recommended to undergo both SLNB and WLE. Here, we compared the cost of a Merlin testing strategy to that of a no‐testing strategy (usual care) before prescribing SLNB.MethodsWe identified T1 and T2 patients who underwent WLE and SLNB but not completion lymph node dissection between 2007 and 2018. Controls were T1 patients who only underwent WLE. Costs for WLE and SLNB were calculated by converting institutional cost data to standardized Medicare reimbursement rates. We then developed a decision tree to compare the cost of Merlin testing to that of a no‐testing strategy (usual care).ResultsThe average standardized cost of WLE was $2066, whereas the cost of WLE and SLNB was $11,976 based on Medicare rates. At a cost below $7350 for T1b melanoma and $4600 for T1b to T2 melanoma, Merlin testing was cost‐saving compared to a no‐testing strategy (usual care), assuming Medicare reimbursement rates.ConclusionMerlin testing for T1b and T2 melanoma is potentially cost saving depending on the cost of the molecular assay and SLNB reimbursement rates. In addition to being cost saving, Merlin is expected to improve health‐related quality of life.
Effect of heat‐treatment times on the microstructure and water absorption properties of sea cucumber
Authors: Yu Xiliang , Wei Shibiao , Zhao Meiyu , Li Yanxin , Huang Yizhen , Kunihiko Konno , Dong Xiuping 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn order to explore the relationship between water absorption properties and microstructure changes of sea cucumber body wall with different heat treatments. The microstructure, rheological characteristics and hydrogen bond content changes of sea cucumber body wall at different heat‐treatment times (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h) were investigated, as well as the distribution and phase of water during the soaking. The results showed that the heat treatment for 4 and 6 h mainly caused fibre fracture which led to more water binding sites and free water content. With prolonged heat‐treatment times, the degree of denaturation increases. The micro‐pores formed at 10 h heat treatment could accommodate the highest free water content, and the network structure was more intensive at 12 h with decreased porosity. The apparent viscosity, storage and loss modulus gradually decreased with heat‐treatment time, and the liquidity increased. Extended heat‐treatment time led to the breakage of the microstructure, and the longer time required for its free water and immobile water content to reach the maximum. However, the trend of bound water was the opposite.
Effect of phosphorylated long‐chain inulin on the dough rheology and steamed bread quality
Authors: Zhao Yingyu , Luo Denglin , Yue Chonghui , Wang Libo , Xiang Jinle , Guo Jinying , Li Peiyan , Huang Jihong , Zhang Kangyi 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLong‐chain inulin is found to damage the quality of flour products even at low addition amounts due to its molecular structure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of modified long‐chain inulin on the properties of the dough and steamed bread. The rheological properties of dough, as well as the structure, moisture distribution and retrogradation enthalpy of the steamed bread, were evaluated with a rheometer, a texture analyser, low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and a spectrometer differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The results showed that the phosphorylation of long‐chain inulin (PFXL) addition in wheat flour could decrease the G′ and G′′ of the dough, which exerted different effects depending on the substitution level. The addition of PFXL (≤5.0%) contributed to a uniform crumb with well‐distributed cells of steamed bread. During the storage of steamed bread, PFXL slowed down the retrogradation process, especially at 5% of substitution level. In conclusion, the phosphorylation of long‐chain inulin is an effective method to broaden its potential applications such as improving the nutritional and textural quality of steamed bread.
The fabrication and characterisation of surimi gel modified by konjac glucomannan with the different hydrolysis degree
Authors: Zhu Shichen , Wei Chuanshuang , Jin Yan , Feng Yuan , Yang Qing , Wei Zhengpeng , Liu Shulai , Jia Shiliang , Ding Yuting , Zhou Xuxia 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe gel performance of surimi‐based products is indispensable technological attribute responsible for their high popularity. Here, surimi gels with tunable gel properties were successfully fabricated based on the double network theory. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) hydrolysed for various periods (0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min) was introduced into surimi systems. Corresponding structural characterisations including FTIR, XRD, SDS‐PAGE and grafting degree assessment, were conducted to confirm the presence of double crosslinking reactions. Furthermore, the gel strength, dynamic rheology, thermal stability and in vitro digestibility of the surimi gels were investigated. Red shifts in the amide A band and an increase in relative intensity indicated that hydrogen bonding existed in the complex systems, according to the FTIR spectra. The XRD patterns suggested that the crystalline structures were weakened by interfering with the protein chain arrangement due to the Maillard reaction. In addition, SDS‐PAGE and o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) assays also confirmed that myofibrillar protein and hydrolysed KGM were partially linked by covalent bonding. The SK‐2 group showed the greatest mechanical strength and lowest digestibility amongst all groups due to its dense hierarchical structure. This work may provide inspiration for the design and development of surimi gels with improved gel properties via microarchitectural modulation.
The formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome
Authors: Naish Emily , Wood Alexander JT , Stewart Andrew P , Routledge Matthew , Morris Andrew Conway , Chilvers Edwin R , Lodge Katharine M 
Published: November 2022

SummaryNeutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte and are crucial to the initial innate immune response to infection. One of their key pathogen‐eliminating mechanisms is phagocytosis, the process of particle engulfment into a vacuole‐like structure called the phagosome. The antimicrobial activity of the phagocytic process results from a collaboration of multiple systems and mechanisms within this organelle, where a complex interplay of ion fluxes, pH, reactive oxygen species, and antimicrobial proteins creates a dynamic antimicrobial environment. This complexity, combined with the difficulties of studying neutrophils ex vivo, has led to gaps in our knowledge of how the neutrophil phagosome optimizes pathogen killing. In particular, controversy has arisen regarding the relative contribution and integration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase‐derived antimicrobial agents and granule‐delivered antimicrobial proteins. Clinical syndromes arising from dysfunction in these systems in humans allow useful insight into these mechanisms, but their redundancy and synergy add to the complexity. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome, examine new insights into the phagosomal environment that have been permitted by technological advances in recent years, and discuss aspects of the phagocytic process that are still under debate.
The effect of the modality principle to support learning with virtual reality: An eye‐tracking and electrodermal activity study
Authors: Liberman Liat , Dubovi Ilana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) is considered a promising approach to support learning. An instructional design is essential to optimize cognitive processes. Studies show that VR has unique instructional and pedagogical requirements.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the modality principle, which was previously validated in 2D classic multimedia, for learning with VR. The modality principle states that multimedia information presented as spoken narration is superior to on‐screen text.MethodsA prospective experimental study with two compared conditions of instruction: VR‐based learning guided by on‐screen text (n = 34) versus spoken narration (n = 28). Students' cognitive learning experiences were captured by eye‐tracking and electrodermal activity (EDA). In addition, students' knowledge was evaluated using a pre–post knowledge test.Results and ConclusionsOverall, there was no significant difference in knowledge retention between the participants who learned with on‐screen text compared to spoken narration. However, results from the eye‐tracking analysis showed that students who learned with the on‐screen text devoted longer visual attention toward important learning activity areas of interest, suggesting a better ability to discern between relevant and irrelevant information. Conversely, students who learned with the spoken narration expressed significantly more EDA peak responses, proposing a higher cognitive load.ImplicationsThis study outlines that while learning with VR was effective, the modality principle might not apply to learning with VR. Moreover, the analysis of the learning process suggests even an inverse effect, favouring the provision of instructional scaffolds as on‐screen text. Future research should evaluate this effect on long‐term knowledge retention.
Alterations of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in extracellular vesicles derived from the murine heart post‐ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Ge Xinyu , Meng Qingshu , Liu Xuan , Liu Jing , Ma Xiaoxue , Shi Shanshan , Li Mimi , Lin Fang , Liang Xiaoting , Gong Xin , Liu Zhongmin , Han Wei , Zhou Xiaohui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cardiovascular diseases by delivering their RNA cargos. However, the features and possible role of the lncRNAs and mRNAs in cardiac EVs during ischemia–reperfusion (IR) remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA sequencing analysis to profile the features of lncRNAs and mRNAs and predicted their potential functions. Here, we demonstrated that the severity of IR injury was significantly correlated with cardiac EV production. RNA sequencing identified 73 significantly differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs (39 upregulated and 34 downregulated) and 720 DE‐mRNAs (317 upregulated and 403 downregulated). Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed to predict the potential functions of the DE‐lncRNAs and mRNAs. The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network showed the possible functions of DE‐lncRNAs with DE‐mRNAs which are enriched in the pathways of T cell receptor signalling pathway and cell adhesion molecules. Moreover, the expressions of ENSMUST00000146010 and ENSMUST00000180630 were negatively correlated with the severity of IR injury. A significant positive correlation was revealed between TCONS_00010866 expression and the severity of the cardiac injury. These findings revealed the lncRNA and mRNA profiles in the heart derived EVs and provided potential targets and pathways involved in cardiac IR injury.
Dysfunction and Pathology in Brussels: The European Commission and the Politics of Debt Restructuring
Authors: Angelou Angelos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe European Union (EU) studies literature has not engaged much with instances in which the European Commission exhibited dysfunctional and pathological behaviour. The paper employs a least likely case to suggest that the Commission might adopt such behaviour even under adverse circumstances. It examines the Commission's public opposition to a private sector involvement scheme for Greece in 2011, despite member states and investors favouring such an option. This stance exacerbated financial instability, proving detrimental for the Commission's stated crisis‐management goals. By using qualitative material, including 10 elite interviews, the paper attributes this behaviour to the Commission's pro‐integration culture as historically interpreted in the context of financial crises. This led the Commission to universalise inefficient policies whilst being insulated from external feedback. The study offers insights on when the Commission adopts dysfunctional behaviour whilst providing a novel angle on its role in EU integration.
Advances in vacuum frying: Recent developments and potential applications
Authors: Manzoor Shaziya , Masoodi F. A. , Rashid Rubiya , Wani Shoib Mohmad , Naqash Farah , Ahmad Mudasir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVacuum frying has proven to be the most feasible technique to obtain safe and nutritious deep‐fried food without compromising its organoleptic and textural properties. This frying system has a lot of benefits over conventional frying such as reduced acrylamide content, lower oil content and better preservation of nutritious compounds. The most promising advantage of vacuum frying is its ability to produce foods with a low glycemic response. Optimization of vacuum frying technology is, however, a prerequisite to attain a fried product with desirable quality. Microwave‐assisted vacuum frying, ultrasound‐assisted microwave vacuum frying, and pulse‐spouted microwave vacuum frying are some of the novel frying techniques which improve the quality of fried products with enhanced nutrient retention, reduced oil uptake, and reduced starch digestibility. In addition, various pretreatments, posttreatments, packaging, and storage conditions have a profound effect on the quality of vacuum‐fried foods. This review aims to address the advantages vacuum frying offers over conventional frying, providing an overview of recent developments in this technology, and the effects of vacuum frying on the nutritional qualities of food.Practical ApplicationsFrying industry all over the world is in boom as frying provides unique flavor and texture to the food products. However, the consumption of fried foods has been related to the development of various diseases due to the generation of harmful compounds at higher temperatures employed during deep‐frying. Vacuum frying has been suggested to overcome this limitation of atmospheric frying by maintaining low‐temperature conditions, thus producing safe foods. This review will focus on the developments done in vacuum fryer over the past few years and evaluate what enhancements in final fried products can be observed upon modifying the vacuum frying unit. Replacement of atmospheric fried products with vacuum‐fried products could further boost the frying sector by producing toxin‐free products without sacrificing sensorial or organoleptic properties.
Attitude of elite tennis coaches working with athletes with intellectual disabilities participating in Special Olympics
Authors: Orbán‐Sebestyén K. , Szilárd Z. S. , Farkas J. , Ökrös C. , Roswal G. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of research regarding the attitudes of coaches towards training athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID). This is particularly evident for coaches working with athletes with ID that are competing in the innovative Special Olympics (SO) Unified Sports programme. Research on the inclusive impact of sport plays a significant role, not only in sports development but also in the training of sports professionals and coaches, as a sufficient amount of special coaching experience is required to achieve inclusion. For this reason, this study was conducted among professionals coaching tennis with athletes with ID. The purpose of this study was to analyse the attitudes of tennis coaches working with athletes with ID in the SO tennis programme.MethodsThe study was conducted on a sample of internationally recognised elite tennis coaches (n = 78) working with tennis players with ID at two international tennis competitions. A questionnaire and a structured interview were conducted with the coaches to examine the sociometric characteristics of the coaches involved in the research. Findings were then compared with views on professional statements for similarities and differences in their attitudes towards their athletes and their work.ResultsResults indicated that coaches felt the most important criteria for a coach working successfully with athletes with ID were (1) a wide range of knowledge, (2) professional expertise, (3) social sensitivity, (4) positive attitude and (5) motivation. Results supported the existing theoretical findings that besides professional expertise and experience, a basic knowledge about disability is needed among coaches working with athletes with ID.ConclusionsThis research was unique in the international scene, in that, although the number of tennis coaches working within the movement of SO is relatively high, to this date, no scientific survey has been focused on them.
A narrative review on subcutaneous injection components used for alopecia
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies reporting the development and effectiveness of topical agents for alopecia are available. However, it was difficult to demonstrate a direct advantage of subcutaneous injection rather than topical application. Since existing articles lack information, future studies are needed to solve these problems and to narrow the knowledge gap.AimsPresent article is aimed to review of the possible materials used in subcutaneous injection for alopecia with a hope for better guiding the analytic application and further evaluating the effective component for alopecia management.MethodsA wide range of clinical articles was retrieved using electronic databases to determine the possible components used in subcutaneous injection and their potential mechanism of action.ResultsEight components from 19 articles were found to be used for alopecia via subcutaneous administration.ConclusionsThe current study illuminated the curative effects of possible substances and discussed the efficacy of subcutaneous injections.
Longitudinal neural and behavioral trajectories of charity contributions across adolescence
Authors: Spaans Jochem , Peters Sabine , Becht Andrik , van der Cruijsen Renske , van de Groep Suzanne , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examined the development of prosocial charity donations and neural activity in the ventral striatum when gaining rewards for self and for charity. Participants 10–22 years (95% European heritage) participated in three annual behavioral‐fMRI waves (T1: n = 160, T2: n = 167, T3: n = 175). Behaviorally, donations to charity as measured with an economic Dictator Game increased with age. Perspective taking also increased with age. In contrast, self‐gain and charity‐gain enjoyment decreased with age. Ventral striatum activity was higher for rewards for self than for charity, but this difference decreased during adolescence. Latent growth curve models revealed that higher donations were associated with a smaller difference between ventral striatum activation for self and charity. These findings show longitudinal brain–donations associations in adolescence.
Ideal and Mandatory Moral Norms
Authors: Finegan Thomas 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT“Ideals” are often invoked in contemporary theological discussion of moral norms, especially but not exclusively regarding norms of marriage/sex ethics. Seemingly absent from the discussion, however, is focused critical analysis of the distinction between ideal and mandatory normativity. Attempting to address this oversight, the following paper begins by highlighting a serious inconsistency between recent Catholic magisterial documents. It is proposed that the inconsistency is largely due to understanding the respective norms—relating to marriage and euthanasia—in divergent ways: per the very different orders of ideal and mandatory normativity. After a philosophical clarification of the distinguishing features of ideal and mandatory normativity, one particularly indebted to the work of Joseph Raz, the paper illustrates how divergence between them operates to create the aforementioned magisterial inconsistency. This inconsistency is paralleled by neglect of—and consequent incoherence around—the ideal‐mandatory norm distinction within wider moral theology. The last section considers how the distinction bears upon and helps illuminate the relationship between principles, rules, and rules' exceptions.