bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualized Analysis of Global Studies on Cervical Spondylosis Surgery: A Bibliometric Study Based on Web of Science Database and VOSviewer
Authors: Huang Tianji , Zhong Weiyang , Lu Chao , Zhang Chunyang , Deng Zhongqi , Zhou Runtao , Zhao Zenghui , Luo Xiaoji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study used multiple type of bibliometric analysis for identifying and summarizing the publications regarding cervical spondylosis surgery, for clarifying the history of this field, predicting the future hotspots of this field and improving communication among researchers.

Methods
Publications from Web of Science database between 1900 and 2019 were downloaded and analyzed by Excel 2016 and VOSviewer. Bibliometric maps of co-citations and maps of co-occurrence of keywords are constructed by VOSviewer software.

Results
A total of 2110 publications were searched from Web of Science. The total sum of times cited is 40448 with the average citation per publication of 19.17 times. USA published most papers (652, 30.9%). The most productive organizations is University of Toronto (96 publications). Spine (308 publications) published the most publications in this field. In co-citations of references analysis, four clusters of references are constructed by VOSviewer. In co-occurrence of keywords analysis, three clusters of keywords are constructed by VOSviewer. The latest keyword “degenerative cervical myelopathy” appeared in 2017 in 42 papers. Other relatively new keywords include “surgical outcomes”, “association”, “sagittal alignment”, “prognostic-factors” that appeared in 2016 in 33, 31, 34 and 37 papers respectively.

Conclusion
USA dominates the research regarding cervical spondylosis surgery. University of Toronto is the most productive organization in this field. Spine, European Spine Journal and Journal of Neurosurgery Spine are the top three productive journals on publications of cervical spondylosis surgery. “Degenerative cervical myelopathy”, “surgical outcomes”, “association”, “sagittal alignment” and “prognostic-factors” may be the new research hotspots in this field.
Revisiting the Evolutionary History of Pigs via De Novo Mutation Rate Estimation in a Three-Generation Pedigree
Authors: Zhang Mingpeng , Yang Qiang , Ai Huashui , Huang Lusheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mutation rate used in the previous analyses of pig evolution and demographics was cursory and hence invited potential bias in inferring evolutionary history. Herein, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of pigs as 3.6 × 10−9 per base per generation using high-quality whole-genome sequencing data from nine individuals in a three-generation pedigree through stringent filtering and validation. Using this mutation rate, we re-investigated the evolutionary history of pigs. The estimated divergence time of ∼ 10 kiloyears ago (KYA) between European wild and domesticated pigs was consistent with the domestication time of European pigs based on archaeological evidence. However, other divergence events inferred here were not as ancient as previously described. Our estimates suggest that Sus speciation occurred ∼ 1.36 million years ago (MYA); European wild pigs split from Asian wild pigs only ∼ 219 KYA; and south and north Chinese wild pigs split ∼ 25 KYA. Meanwhile, our results showed that the most recent divergence event between Chinese wild and domesticated pigs occurred in the Hetao Plain, northern China, approximately 20 KYA, supporting the possibly independent domestication in northern China along the middle Yellow River. We also found that the maximum effective population size of pigs was ∼ 6 times larger than estimated before. An archaic migration from other Sus species originating ∼ 2 MYA to European pigs was detected during western colonization of pigs, which may affect the accuracy of previous demographic inference. Our de novo mutation rate estimation and its consequences for demographic history inference reasonably provide a new vision regarding the evolutionary history of pigs.
Multi-objective optimisation of spare parts allocation and level of repair analysis in performance-based logistics
Authors: Malyemez C. , Baykoç Ö.F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, Performance Based Logistics (PBL) has been increasingly used to reduce the product lifecycle cost. As a result, the existing logistics analysis methods need to be reassessed due to the difference in PBL from the classical approach. This study considers the Spare Parts Allocation (SPA) and Level of Repair Analysis (LORA), which are the most commonly used problems within PBL, and are the subject of analysis. A comprehensive, multi-objective simulation-optimisation model is developed for a military aircraft operations case study, with the objectives of minimising total cost and maximising total flight hours. The Design of Experiment (DOE) method is used for determining simulation-optimisation parameters. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used for the first time in order to select the best design points. Simulated Annealing (SA) was used for multi-objective optimisation with the SPA model being solved first. Then the LORA problem was added to this model as a decision variable and the effects of the integrated solution (SPA+LORA) were examined. The results show that the integrated solution yields remarkably better results in terms of flight hours and cost when compared to the SPA optimisation approach alone. Moreover, the proposed model provides a profit-centric approach and can be efficiently used as a decision support tool for both customers and suppliers for difficult and complex logistics support activities.
The soft-bodied biota of the Cambrian Series 2 Parker Quarry Lagerstätte of northwestern Vermont, USA
Authors: Pari Giovanni , Briggs Derek E.G. , Gaines Robert R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA non-biomineralized arthropod,Protocaris marshi, was described from the lower Cambrian (Dyeran Series 2, Stage 4) of Parker's Cobble in northwestern Vermont in 1884. It represents the first fossil exhibiting Burgess Shale-type preservation to have been discovered. The locality was presumed to have been worked out and was not collected in a significant way for more than 100 years. Rediscovery of productive layers has yielded soft-bodied and lightly sclerotized taxa new to the locality, including the algaFuxianospora, a possible priapulid, a radiodont, and a specimen tentatively assigned toHerpetogaster. New specimens of the spongeLeptomitus zitteli, the bivalved arthropodTuzoia, and the chordateEmmonsaspis cambrensisprovide additional information on those taxa, and multiple specimens allow a bivalved arthropod,Vermontcaris montcalminew genus, new species, to be described. The primary mode of fossil preservation is as carbonaceous compressions. The Parker Quarry Lagerstätte complements the Kinzers Formation of Pennsylvania (also Series 2, Stage 4) in revealing the diversity of soft-bodied taxa on the southern margin of the paleocontinent Laurentia.UUID:http://zoobank.org/2eb3ae7c-6579-403e-a9ab-654c05af4a1b
Low Paleointensities and Ar/Ar Ages From Saint Helena Provide Evidence for Recurring Magnetic Field Weaknesses in the South Atlantic
Authors: Engbers Yael A. , Grappone J. Michael , Mark Darren F. , Biggin Andrew J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is an area of geomagnetic weakness that represents the most significant anomaly in the present‐day field. Notwithstanding anomalies such as these, a long‐lived hypothesis is that, if averaged over sufficient time (104–106 years), the Earth's magnetic field approximates a geocentric axial dipole (GAD). The question of how significant the non‐GAD features are in the time‐averaged field is an important and unresolved one. The SAA has not always been visible in the historic and paleo‐field models; yet an unstable field was reported in the South Atlantic region on a multimillion‐year timescale. This study presents the first paleointensity study from Saint Helena, a volcanic island in the South Atlantic consisting primarily of lavas emplaced between 10 and 8 Ma. While paleointensity success rates were low, we were able to recover results from five independent lavas that together suggest a low field intensity of 10.5 ± 3.0 μT corresponding to a virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) of 2.4 ± 0.7 × 1022 A m2. These low paleointensity estimates suggest a field in the South Atlantic that was not only unstable in directions, but also substantially weaker than expected. We consider this to constitute further evidence that the SAA is not a single occurrence but rather, the latest in a series of recurring weaknesses in the field in this region, probably caused by Reversed Flux Patches on the Core Mantle Boundary.
A Large Subsurface Anticyclonic Eddy in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Hu Zhentao , Ma Xiao , Peng Yingyu , Tian Di , Meng Qicheng , Zeng Dingyong , Liu Zenghong , Zhou Beifeng , Li Hongliang , Zhou Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSubsurface eddies are pervasive in the ocean, but those in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean are not well understood due to the lack of in‐situ observations. Using multiple‐platform observations and reanalysis product, we investigate the characteristics, evolutionary process, origin, and underlying generation mechanism of a subsurface anticyclonic eddy (SAE) in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during January‒February 2020. Results show that the horizontal radius of the SAE was slightly greater than 250 km, and the SAE core was located at ∼100‐m depth near the 24.7σ0 isopycnal. This warm, saline and oxygen‐rich SAE was weakly stratified and characterized by tilted lens structures. Further water‐mass tracing analysis indicates that the SAE shifted westward along 4°N with a mean propagation speed of 0.18 m/s from the northwest coast of Sumatra Island. The hydrographic characteristics of the SAE are similar to those of the strong Equatorial Undercurrent, it is speculated that the SAE was probably generated by the north branch flow as the eastward undercurrent reached Sumatra Island. Both lateral shear of undercurrent and conservation of potential vorticity were attributed to the formation of the observed SAE.
Australian Coastal Sea Level Trends Over 16 yr of Reprocessed Jason Altimeter 20‐Hz Data Sets
Authors: Peng Fukai , Deng Xiaoli , Cheng Xiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the variation of sea level trends along the Australian coast zone (0–100 km) using 16 yr (2002–2018) of tide gauge records, reprocessed Jason data and European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) sea level product. The reprocessed Jason data are first compared with tide gauge and 3‐yr Sentinel‐3A data. Then the empirical orthogonal function analysis demonstrates that local sea levels are not only significantly affected by the El Niño Southern Oscillation‐related signals, but also moderately correlated with the Indian Ocean Dipole. A multivariate linear regression model with optimized noise model is thus built to reduce the impact of natural variability on the trend estimation. The results show that the geographical pattern of sea level rise from reprocessed Jason data and ESA CCI sea level product are highly consistent, with the rates decreasing from the northeast coast (6–8 mm yr−1) anticlockwise to the southeast coast (2–4 mm yr−1). The sea level trends from reprocessed Jason data are in good agreement with those from tide gauge records, though they are ∼1.5 mm yr−1 higher than those from the ESA CCI data product. The discrepancy between two altimeter datasets is acceptable considering the trend uncertainty (i.e., one standard deviation) from 20‐Hz along‐track points is at the level of 1–2 mm yr−1. It is also found that sea level trends decrease significantly from 5.8 ± 1.5 mm yr−1 offshore to 3.4 ± 1.2 mm yr−1 toward the southeast coasts. This may be because the continental slope precludes the propagation of sea levels from the East Australian Current dominated oceans to the coast.
Aircraft Study of Secondary Aerosols in Long‐Range Transported Air Masses From the North China Plain by a Mid‐Latitude Cyclone
Authors: Sun Peng , Nie Wei , Chi Xuguang , Huang Xin , Ren Chuanhua , Xue Likun , Shan Ye , Wen Liang , Li Hongyong , Chen Tianshu , Qi Yanbin , Gao Jian , Zhang Qi , Ding Aijun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRegional transport has been identified as an important contributor to air pollution. Yet, understanding the evolution of aerosol components associated with synoptic systems remains limited, particularly in China, where most of the measurement studies were conducted at the ground surface. In this study, an intensive campaign was designed with aircraft measurements in Northeast China together with ground‐surface measurements in the North China Plain (NCP) to investigate the role that the mid‐latitude cyclone plays in transporting air pollution, specifically in changing aerosol components during transport. During a flight on 30 July 2018, high concentrations of aerosols dominated by sulfate were observed in the free troposphere, despite low aerosol loadings dominated by organics in the planetary boundary layer. Model simulations indicated that pollution in the lower free troposphere was transported directly from North Hebei by warm and moist air masses, while pollution in the higher free troposphere (HFT) was influenced by the warm conveyor belt (WCB), which transported aerosols from the (NCP) and lifted them into the HFT. Both particulate nitrate and sulfate were formed productively due to strong emissions and high atmospheric oxidizing capacity in the NCP. During transport, sulfate concentrations remained relatively constant, while nitrate decreased readily due to evaporation losses, resulting in an increasing contribution of sulfate but a decreasing contribution of nitrate to secondary aerosols along the transport path.
Glacier Ice Surface Properties in South‐West Greenland Ice Sheet: First Estimates From PRISMA Imaging Spectroscopy Data
Authors: Bohn Niklas , Di Mauro Biagio , Colombo Roberto , Thompson David R. , Susiluoto Jouni , Carmon Nimrod , Turmon Michael J. , Guanter Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSnow and ice melt processes on the Greenland Ice Sheet are a key in Earth's energy balance and are acutely sensitive to climate change. Melting dynamics are directly related to a decrease in surface albedo, amongst others caused by the accumulation of light‐absorbing particles (LAPs). Featuring unique spectral patterns, these accumulations can be mapped and quantified by imaging spectroscopy. We present first results for the retrieval of glacier ice properties from the spaceborne PRISMA imaging spectrometer by applying a recently developed simultaneous inversion of atmospheric and surface state using optimal estimation. The image analyzed in this study was acquired over the South‐West margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet in late August 2020. The area is characterized by patterns of both clean and dark ice associated with a high amount of LAPs deposited on the surface. We present retrieval maps and uncertainties for grain size, liquid water, and algae concentration, as well as estimated reflectance spectra for different surface properties. We then show the feasibility of using imaging spectroscopy to interpret multiband sensor data to achieve high accuracy, frequently repeated observations of changing snow and ice conditions. For example, the impurity index calculated from multiband Sentinel‐3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument measurements is dependent on dust particles, but we show that algae concentration alone can be predicted from this data with less than 20% uncertainty. Our study evidences that present and upcoming orbital imaging spectroscopy missions such as PRISMA, Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program, Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission, and the Surface Biology and Geology designated observable, can significantly support research of melting ice sheets.
Online Nonlinear Bias Correction in Ensemble Kalman Filter to Assimilate GOES‐R All‐Sky Radiances for the Analysis and Prediction of Rapidly Developing Supercells
Authors: Chandramouli Krishnamoorthy , Wang Xuguang , Johnson Aaron , Otkin Jason 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study introduces the online non‐linear bias correction for the assimilation of all‐sky GOES‐16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) channel 9 (6.9 μm) radiances in a rapidly cycled EnKF for convective scale data assimilation (DA). This study is the first to explore the use of the radar reflectivity as the anchoring observation for ABI all sky radiance assimilation. The online and offline nonlinear bias correction methods are compared and evaluated for a case of rapidly developing supercells over Oklahoma and Texas. The analysis and background of the online bias correction perform better than the offline approach during the suppression of spurious clouds and the establishment of non‐precipitating and precipitating regions when the supercell storms are observed to develop. The online approach not only improves the analysis and background over the radar anchored region but also the unanchored non‐precipitating regions compared to the offline approach. Both quantitative and subjective verification of the deterministic forecasts showed consistent superior performance from the online bias correction over the offline approach. Diagnostics reveal that the online bias correction retains useful information in the innovation, which in turn improves subsequent analysis, background and background ensemble spread for both the thermodynamic and dynamic fields. The effect is accumulated during the DA cycling that is responsible for the superior analysis and forecast of the supercells.
Heparanase promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic glomerular endothelial cells through mediating ERK signaling
Authors: Chang Kaili , Xie Qiyuan , Niu Jianying , Gu Yong , Zhao Zhonghua , Li Fengxia , Qin Qiaojing , Liu Xueguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) dysfunction occurs at the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN). One of its characteristics is endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Heparanase (HPSE) is the only known mammalian endoglycosidase capable of degrading heparin sulfates and has a prominent role in DN pathogenesis. However, whether HPSE induces EndMT of GEnCs remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect and potential mechanism of HPSE on GEnCs phenotype under high-glucose conditions. In the early development of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, HPSE overexpression was positively correlated with renal injury and the number of GEnCs undergoing EndMT, which was characterized by loss of endothelial marker CD31 and gain of mesenchymal markers including α-SMA and Snail1/2 by double immunofluorescence staining. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a positive correlation between HPSE and ERK. The counts of double positive staining of CD31 and p-ERK1/2 was significantly increased in the glomeruli of STZ-induced diabetic mice compared with sham mice. In cultured GEnCs, high glucose dramatically upregulated the expressions of HPSE and p-ERK1/2, both of which were markedly blocked by HPSE siRNA. Furthermore, recombinant mouse HPSE (rmHPSE) promoted the expressions of mesenchymal markers and p-ERK1/2 in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. U0126, a specific MEK/ERK inhibitor, significantly inhibited either high glucose or rmHPSE-induced EndMT of GEnCs. These data indicate that high glucose induces EndMT of GEnCs at least partially through upregulating HPSE and that HPSE promotes EndMT of GEnCs via activating ERK signaling. This study improves understanding the crucial role of HPSE in DN development and progression.
Circ-AFAP1 promote clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth and angiogenesis by the Circ-AFAP1/miR-374b-3p/VEGFA signaling axis
Authors: Ou Yuxi , Dai Xiyu , Chen Xinan , Chen Yiling , Wu Siqi , Zhou Quan , Yang Chen , Jiang Haowen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common urogenital tumors with high mortality. Circular RNA (circRNA), as an emerging endogenous RNA, has been proved to play a crucial role in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression. In this study, we obtained circAFAP1 upregulated in ccRCC by high-sequencing and verified by qRT-PCR in several renal cancer cell lines. In situ hybridization (ISH) assays and Kaplan–Meier plot showed a higher level of circAFAP1 was linked to shorter overall survival. Moreover, CCK8, colony formation, and EdU experiments showed circAFAP1 promoted ccRCC growth while tube formation displayed circAFAP1 contributed to ccRCC angiogenesis. We predicted the downstream miR-374b-3p and VEGFA by bioinformatic analysis and validated further by qRT-PCR, RNA pull-down, RIP, and dual-luciferase. Downregulation miR-374b-3p or overexpression VEGFA could restore proliferation, vascular formation after circAFAP1 silencing. Consistently with the results in vitro, silencing circAFAP1 suppressed ccRCC growth in vivo. In conclusion, the circAFAP1/miR-374b-3p/VEGFA axis played a critical role in the progression and development of ccRCC which might be novel biological marks and therapeutical targets.
Lin28B-high breast cancer cells promote immune suppression in the lung pre-metastatic niche via exosomes and support cancer progression
Authors: Qi Meiyan , Xia Yun , Wu Yanjun , Zhang Zhuo , Wang Xinyu , Lu Liying , Dai Cheng , Song Yanan , Xu Keying , Ji Weiwei , Zhan Lixing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe formation of pre-metastatic niche is a key step in the metastatic burden. The pluripotent factor Lin28B is frequently expressed in breast tumors and is particularly upregulated in the triple negative breast cancer subtype. Here, we demonstrate that Lin28B promotes lung metastasis of breast cancer by building an immune-suppressive pre-metastatic niche. Lin28B enables neutrophil recruitment and N2 conversion. The N2 neutrophils are then essential for immune suppression in pre-metastatic lung by PD-L2 up-regulation and a dysregulated cytokine milieu. We also identify that breast cancer-released exosomes with low let-7s are a prerequisite for Lin28B-induced immune suppression. Moreover, Lin28B-induced breast cancer stem cells are the main sources of low-let-7s exosomes. Clinical data further verify that high Lin28B and low let-7s in tumors are both indicators for poor prognosis and lung metastasis in breast cancer patients. Together, these data reveal a mechanism by which Lin28B directs the formation of an immune-suppressive pre-metastatic niche.
Spatially resolved fluorescence of caesium lead halide perovskite supercrystals reveals quasi-atomic behavior of nanocrystals
Authors: Lapkin Dmitry , Kirsch Christopher , Hiller Jonas , Andrienko Denis , Assalauova Dameli , Braun Kai , Carnis Jerome , Kim Young Yong , Mandal Mukunda , Maier Andre , Meixner Alfred J. , Mukharamova Nastasia , Scheele Marcus , Schreiber Frank , Sprung Michael , Wahl Jan , Westendorf Sophia , Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Vartanyants Ivan A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe correlate spatially resolved fluorescence (-lifetime) measurements with X-ray nanodiffraction to reveal surface defects in supercrystals of self-assembled cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and study their effect on the fluorescence properties. Upon comparison with density functional modeling, we show that a loss in structural coherence, an increasing atomic misalignment between adjacent nanocrystals, and growing compressive strain near the surface of the supercrystal are responsible for the observed fluorescence blueshift and decreased fluorescence lifetimes. Such surface defect-related optical properties extend the frequently assumed analogy between atoms and nanocrystals as so-called quasi-atoms. Our results emphasize the importance of minimizing strain during the self-assembly of perovskite nanocrystals into supercrystals for lighting application such as superfluorescent emitters.