bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin promoted osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells by regulating mitochondrial functions through the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20
Authors: Sun Haoyun , Zheng Miaomiao , Liu Jiawei , Fan Wenguo , He Hongwen , Huang Fang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMelatonin plays an important role in various beneficial functions, including promoting differentiation. However, effects on osteogenic differentiation, especially in human periodontal cells (hPDLCs), still remain inconclusive. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that play an important role in various biological processes in cells, including energy metabolism and oxidative stress reaction. Furthermore, the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOM20) is responsible for recognizing and transporting precursor proteins. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the functionality of melatonin on osteogenesis in human periodontal cells and to explore the involved mechanism of mitochondria.MethodsThe hPDLCs were extracted and identified by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. We divided hPDLCs into control group, osteogenic induction group, and osteogenesis with melatonin treatment group (100, 10, and 1 μM). Then we used a specific siRNA to achieve interference of TOM20. Alizarin red and Alkaline phosphatase staining and activity assays were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. Osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins were measured by qPCR and western blot. Mitochondrial functions were tested using ATP, NAD+/NADH, JC‐1, and Seahorse Mito Stress Test kits. Finally, TOM20 and mitochondrial dynamics‐related molecules expression were also assessed by qPCR and western blot.ResultsOur results showed that melatonin‐treated hPDLCs had higher calcification and ALP activity as well as upregulated OCN and Runx2 expression at mRNA and protein levels, which was the most obvious in 1 μM melatonin‐treated group. Meanwhile, melatonin supplement elevated intracellular ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, hence causing a lower NAD+/NADH ratio. In addition, we also found that melatonin treatment raised TOM20 level and osteogenesis and mitochondrial functions were both suppressed after knocking down TOM20.ConclusionWe found that melatonin promoted osteogenesis of hPDLCs and 1 μM melatonin had the most remarkable effect. Melatonin treatment can reinforce mitochondrial functions by upregulating TOM20.
Accuracy and modification of the STOP‐bang questionnaire for screening patients with obstructive sleep apnea in China
Authors: Wang Liying , Zhao Weilan , Liang Chunguang , Yan Xiangru , Zhang Huiying , Dai Hongliang , Yu Haitao , Zhang Hui , An Hui , Zhao Ying 
Published: November 2022

SummaryDespite the high sensitivity of the STOP‐Bang questionnaire [snoring, tiredness, observed apneas, high blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck size, gender] questionnaire (SBQ), which is widely used to screen individuals at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), few studies have evaluated the discrimination related to sex in the SBQ. Therefore, our study aimed to assess whether SBQ performance is gender‐related and modified by changing body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference (NC) cut‐off values. A total of 470 patients attended the sleep centres. They were divided into moderate‐to‐severe OSA and non‐moderate‐to‐severe OSA groups based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and the results of the SBQ screening. The predictive performance of the SBQ screening instrument was evaluated by 2 × 2 contingency tables and discriminatory ability, which was estimated from the area under the curve (AUC) obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve. Our results suggest that when screening for moderate‐to‐severe OSA, the original SBQ has higher sensitivity and lower specificity for men; however, women have higher specificity and lower sensitivity. The SBQ achieved the maximum AUC of 0.783 for men and 0.634 for women when the BMI cut‐off value was established at 30 kg/m2 and the NC cut‐off value was established at 38 cm in men, and the BMI cut‐off value was established at 25 kg/m2 and the NC cut‐off value at 36 cm in women. Balancing the optimal sensitivity and specificity, the cut‐off value of the optimal modified SBQ total scores for men was determined to be ≥4 and ≥3 for women.
A composite measure of sleep health is associated with glycaemic target achievement in young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Griggs Stephanie , Pignatiello Grant , Hickman Ronald L. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryWe investigated whether sleep health (each individual dimension and a composite measure) was associated with better glycaemia among a cohort of young adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age 21.5 years, mean body mass index 24.55 kg m−2). Multiple validated self‐report questionnaires were completed, and raw continuous glucose monitor data were shared. One self‐reported sleep characteristic for each of the five sleep health dimensions was selected. A composite score was calculated by summing the number of “good” sleep health dimensions. We evaluated the associations between sleep health and glycaemia, and whether covariates, including age, type 1 diabetes duration and sleep apnea risk, influenced the relationships among the study variables using multivariable linear regression. Individual dimensions of sleep satisfaction (β = 0.380, p = 0.019; β = −0.414, p = 0.010), timing (β = 0.392, p = 0.015; β = −0.393, p = 0.015) and sleep efficiency (β = 0.428, p = 0.007) were associated with higher achievement of glycaemic targets (J‐index and time in range); however, these associations did not persist after considering covariates. A better Sleep Health Composite score was associated with higher achievement of glycaemic targets even after considering covariates. Using a multidimensional framework can guide future research on causal pathways between sleep and diabetes health, interventions to target sleep health profiles, and may improve sleep screening in routine diabetes care.
Do Religious/Spiritual Resources Moderate the Association Between Suffering and Religious/Spiritual Struggles? A Three‐Wave Longitudinal Study of US Adults with Chronic Illness
Authors: Kent Blake Victor , Cowden Richard G. , Counted Victor , Davis Edward B. , Rueger Sandra Y. , Worthington Everett L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this prospective study of US adults with chronic illness (n = 302), we examined the associations of subjective suffering and religious/spiritual (R/S) resources (i.e., religious coping, religious commitment, and spiritual fortitude) with the subsequent experience of R/S struggles. Using a rigorous analytic approach that involved adjusting for numerous covariates and prior values of all exposures and the outcome assessed in Wave 1, we found that suffering assessed in Wave 2 was associated with an increase in subsequent R/S struggles assessed 3 months later (Wave 3). There was modest evidence suggesting that religious commitment and spiritual fortitude (but not religious coping) moderated the association between suffering and subsequent R/S struggles, such that there was a stronger positive association between suffering and R/S struggles at higher levels of each moderator. This study provides preliminary evidence that R/S struggles may be commonly experienced by those with high religious engagement in the face of suffering.
Optimal stomatal theory predicts CO2 responses of stomatal conductance in both gymnosperm and angiosperm trees
Authors: Gardner Anna , Jiang Mingkai , Ellsworth David S. , MacKenzie A. Robert , Pritchard Jeremy , Bader Martin Karl‐Friedrich , Barton Craig V. M. , Bernacchi Carl , Calfapietra Carlo , Crous Kristine Y. , Dusenge Mirindi Eric , Gimeno Teresa E. , Hall Marianne , Lamba Shubhangi , Leuzinger Sebastian , Uddling Johan , Warren Jeffrey , Wallin Göran , Medlyn Belinda E. 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (Anet) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs).

We conducted a meta‐analysis of tree studies of the effect of eCO2 on iWUE and its components Anet and stomatal conductance (gs). We compared three PFTs, using the unified stomatal optimisation (USO) model to account for confounding effects of leaf–air vapour pressure difference (D). We expected smaller gs, but greater Anet, responses to eCO2 in gymnosperms compared with angiosperm PFTs.

We found that iWUE increased in proportion to increasing eCO2 in all PFTs, and that increases in Anet had stronger effects than reductions in gs. The USO model correctly captured stomatal behaviour with eCO2 across most datasets. The chief difference among PFTs was a lower stomatal slope parameter (g1) for the gymnosperm, compared with angiosperm, species.

Land surface models can use the USO model to describe stomatal behaviour under changing atmospheric CO2 conditions.
Connecting insufficient sleep and insomnia with metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Duan Daisy , Kim Lenise J. , Jun Jonathan C. , Polotsky Vsevolod Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes parallels the rampant state of sleep deprivation in our society. Epidemiological studies consistently show an association between insufficient sleep and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, sleep and circadian rhythm exert considerable influences on hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy metabolism. As such, data from experimental sleep deprivation in humans demonstrate that insufficient sleep induces a positive energy balance with resultant weight gain, due to increased energy intake that far exceeds the additional energy expenditure of nocturnal wakefulness, and adversely impacts glucose metabolism. Conversely, animal models have found that sleep loss–induced energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake resulting in net weight loss. However, animal models have significant limitations, which may diminish the clinical relevance of their metabolic findings. Clinically, insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms are associated with adverse glucose outcomes, though it remains challenging to isolate the effects of insomnia on metabolic outcomes independent of comorbidities and insufficient sleep durations. Furthermore, both pharmacological and behavioral interventions for insomnia may have direct metabolic effects. The goal of this review is to establish an updated framework for the causal links between insufficient sleep and insomnia and risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Pediatric lichen planus: A single‐center retrospective review of 26 patients with follow up
Authors: Mohandesi Nessa Aghazadeh , Berry Nicholas A. , Tollefson Megha M. , Lehman Julia S. , Davis Dawn Marie R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPediatric lichen planus (LP) is rare with variable prevalence and atypical presentations compared to adults. Data on LP are lacking for the pediatric population in the United States. We present demographics, presentations, and treatments for a pediatric LP cohort.MethodsWe reviewed 26 patients diagnosed with LP at 20 years or younger. Treatment responses were defined as no response, partial response, and complete response.ResultsDemographics included 54% females and median diagnosis age of 16 years (range 6–20). Most patients presented with cutaneous LP (65%), with fewer having associated oral (23%), nail (7.7%), or genital (3.8%) involvement. Some had cutaneous‐only LP (38%) or strictly mucosal LP (oral‐only 19% and genital‐only 15%). LP lesions were pruritic (50%), painful (19%), and/or asymptomatic (35%). Complete/partial responses occurred with medium‐potency topical corticosteroids in cutaneous (n = 7; 64%), oral (n = 3; 75%), and genital LP (n = 3; 100%), with high/ultra‐high potency topical corticosteroids in oral LP (n = 6; 86%), and with topical calcineurin inhibitors in genital LP (n = 2; 100%). Side effects were clobetasol‐related oral candidiasis and biopsy‐related penile depressed scar. Most patients with available follow‐up achieved remission (n = 17; 81%).ConclusionsPediatric LP usually presents in adolescence with cutaneous involvement and is symptomatic. However, patients frequently can have oral, genital, or nail lesions or may be asymptomatic, so they need thorough examinations and follow‐up. Long‐term remission is common due to treatment or natural disease course. Medium‐potency corticosteroids are recommended for cutaneous, oral, and genital LP. Various other local and systemic therapies exist with successful treatment responses.
Median canaliform nail dystrophy in a 2‐year‐old boy: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wilson Anna , Tariq Khan M. , Murrell Dédée F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedian canaliform nail dystrophy (MCD) is a rare nail abnormality with an unknown etiology. We report the case of MCD of both great toenails in a 2‐year‐old boy presenting with a fir tree nail pattern and longitudinal splits. MCD was treated with topical marigold therapy (Tagetes sp.). By 15 weeks, the proximal 50% of the MCD had normalized. The report highlights a potential new treatment of marigold therapy for MCD.
Frictional dermatitis from touchscreen contact
Authors: Beydoun Haya , Moossavi Meena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrictional dermatitis occurs after prolonged or repetitive physical contact of the skin with a surface and usually presents as a pediatric or occupational dermatosis. A 10‐year‐old girl presented with painful erythematous, edematous plaques, and macules on the fingertips within 24 h of playing a game requiring her fingers to repeatedly slide across a touch screen for about 45 min. The repetitive frictional pressure and contact over a short period of time between the fingertips and the touch screen contributed to the onset of dermatitis in this case.
The effectiveness of social distancing in reducing transmission during influenza epidemics: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Sisi , Song Jinghui , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial distance practices are crucial for outpatient clinics during disease outbreaks and are an effective preventive measure for reducing influenza transmission during such pandemics in people with poor health.MethodsThis study applies an evidence‐based practice (EBP) approach to confirm the effectiveness of social distancing in healthy individuals during an influenza pandemic and employs the induced ordered weighted averaging model to confirm the effectiveness of EBP. The study design, validity, reliability, results, and generalizability focused on discussing three systematic reviews and two cohort studies via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). First, by introducing the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question; second, by establishing the five steps of EBP; third, by utilizing the CASP checklist for the appraisal; and finally, by presenting a conclusion.ResultsAccording to the hierarchy of evidence, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses retrieved five articles for addressing the PICO question. All the evidence demonstrates that social distancing is valuable during influenza pandemics among non‐infected individuals. Precise, timely, and robust social distancing implementation can reduce the spread of infection, delay the epidemic peak, and ease the pressure on healthcare resources. Gatekeepers are responsible for guiding individuals through the implementation process for reducing influenza transmission, particularly in densely populated areas.ConclusionsSocial distance is crucial for outpatient clinics during an epidemic and effectively reduces the spread of infection, delay epidemic peaks, and eases pressure on healthcare resources.
The asymmetry, uncertainty, and the long term
Authors: Thomas Teruji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe asymmetry is the view in population ethics that, while we ought to avoid creating additional bad lives, there is no requirement to create additional good ones. The question is how to embed this intuitively compelling view in a more complete normative theory, and in particular one that treats uncertainty in a plausible way. While arguing against existing approaches, I present new and general principles for thinking about welfarist choice under uncertainty. Together, these reduce arbitrary choices to uncertainty‐free ones, regardless of how the latter should be made. I illustrate these principles by developing two theories of the asymmetry, reflecting different views about the non‐identity problem. In doing so, I clarify some other major choice‐points, presenting new arguments that creating additional good lives can justify (but not require) doing harm. Finally, I consider what the developed theories have to say about the importance of extinction risk and the long‐run future.
THEODICY AND WHAT COULD BE OTHERWISE: A RESPONSE TO CHRISTOPHER SOUTHGATE
Authors: Davison Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn June 2022, Christopher Southgate delivered the Boyle Lecture for that year at St Mary‐le‐Bow, in the City of London, on the theme of evolutionary theodicy. This article contains the text of the short talk and vote of thanks delivered in response that evening.
The Jones polynomial from a Goeritz matrix
Authors: Boninger Joe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe give an explicit algorithm for calculating the Kauffman bracket of a link diagram from a Goeritz matrix for that link. Further, we show how the Jones polynomial can be recovered from a Goeritz matrix when the corresponding checkerboard surface is orientable, or when more information is known about its Gordon–Litherland form. In the process we develop a theory of Goeritz matrices for cographic matroids, which extends the bracket polynomial to any symmetric integer matrix. We place this work in the context of links in thickened surfaces.
Energy-Economic and Exergy-Environment Performance Evaluation of Compact Heat Exchanger With Turbulator Passive Inserts Using THDNF
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Technology innovation requires advanced heat transporting techniques to fulfill better exergy and economic behavior of compact air heat exchangers (HXs). Three different turbulator inserts, TTIs, PTTIs, and DTTIs (twisted turbulator inserts, perforated twisted turbulator inserts, and dimpled twisted turbulator inserts, respectively), are used in air HX on the tube side as a passive technique for heat transfer enhancement. The present investigation deals with the exergo-economic with a sustainable analysis of air HX utilizing several water-based tripartite hybrid nanofluids (THdNFs), formed from three different nanoparticles intermixing, six different compositions based on the structure of nanoparticles, and three various turbulator placed to the tube core of HX. The detailed investigation of 4Es and sustainability of the device are investigated under various operating conditions. Results disclosed that nanofluid alone is not enough for energy and exergy improvement. However, turbulator passive device inserts in HX with THdNF show a remarkable improvement in thermal and thermohydraulic performance. The DTTI passive device in plain tubes using THdNF 5(Al2O3 + TiO2 + graphene–water) results in the highest 27% overall coefficient, 24.7% exergy change, 6.4% exergy efficiency, 7.4% performance index, and higher sustainability index at lowest Reynolds number than without inserts. Meanwhile, turbulator inserts yield to most increased 91.4% operating cost and equivalent CO2 emissions to the environment. Investigation revealed that the passive device DTTI with THdNF 5(Al2O3 + TiO2 + graphene–water) as a working fluid is likely to be preferred due to the highest performance evaluation criteria (PEC) ranges 2.3–2.45 for the same power, and the least preferred working fluid would be THdNF 2 (Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + SiC–water) due to its high operating cost.
Heat-Pipe-Assisted Air Cooling of Lithium-Titanate Prismatic Battery
Authors: Shinde Prakash S. , Naik Pratik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential for lithium-ion batteries. At high application loads, excessive heat generation reduces the battery performance drastically and is also dangerous if the temperature of the battery is not maintained under limits. The heat pipe is a heat exchanger device with very high thermal conductivity. The present study was an attempt to find the effectiveness of the heat pipe attached to the battery under air cooling to reduce the temperature of the battery. The heat pipe can be flattened and bent hence it is very useful to extract heat from one place to another at a larger distance. In this paper, various arrangements of heat pipes with the lithium-titanate prismatic battery were considered with different wick porosity (0.45–0.7) as well as air velocity (3–8 m/s) and have discussed its effect on the temperature distribution of the battery. The present study about heat-pipe-assisted air cooling showed that out of six different configurations, four heat pipes with wick porosity 0.7, attached at the middle of two large surfaces of the lithium-titanate oxide (LTO) battery can reduce the maximum temperature below 40 °C and differential temperature below 5 °C of a single prismatic battery with airflow at 3 m/s when it was getting discharged at 8 C rating for 446 s.
Thermal Behavior of Conical Friction Element Under Different Contact Pressure Boundaries
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Dou Delong , Meng Xiangwen , Zhang Wenshuo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The high temperature generated on the contact interfaces of the conical friction element in clutches due to the sliding frictional heat should be responsible for the synchronization failure. In this study, an analytic model taking account of the capsizing moment and stress singularity at the end of the contact interface is established to solve the contact pressure distribution. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to analyze the transient thermal behavior of the conical friction element. The contact pressure and temperature distribution generated along the contact interfaces are investigated and compared between the proposed new model, the combined wear assumption, and the uniform pressure assumption. Furthermore, the variations in temperature obtained from the new model and the other two assumptions are compared to the experimental results. The results show that the temperature simulated by the new model has a good agreement with reality. The maximum temperatures obtained by the new model are 95.53 °C and 71.67 °C, and the measured values are respectively 84.98 °C and 65.46 °C at the measuring position under the given two working conditions.