bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological phenotypes associated with individuals at high risk for developing alcohol‐related disorders: Part 1
Authors: Hill Shirley Y. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article reviews the results of studies concerning particular classes of biological phenotypes that may have relevance for alcohol dependence. Broadly defined, these classes include brain neurotransmitter systems and neuroelectric potentials. Evidence is presented concerning genotypic variation in alcoholics and high‐risk relatives suggesting that the etiology of alcoholism and other addictive diseases is mediated in part through suboptimal neurotransmitter functioning. Research opportunities are offered with respect to specific candidate genes that have been cloned from these neurotransmitter systems that could be most fully utilized in family‐based genetic analyses. Additional evidence is offered, suggesting that characteristics of particular neuroelectric potentials (e.g. the amplitude of the P300 component of the event‐related potential) may provide another dimension of potential markers that could be used to identify children at risk. Finally, methodological considerations specific to high risk studies are discussed. Among these are the need to include a plan for studying more severe cases of alcohol dependence that are relatively uncomplicated by other major psychiatric disorders. Plans for long‐term follow‐up of children at highest risk for developing the disorder should also be included. Multiple domains of inquiry should not be viewed as unfocused but rather as an economical means for utilizing highly characterized samples of individuals meeting rigorous research criteria.
Human mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and vulnerability to substance abuse
Authors: BERRETTINI WADE H. , HOEHE MARGRET R. , FERRARO THOMAS N. , DEMARIA PETER A. , GOTTHEIL EDWARD 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene are described. A non‐coding region polymorphism (G to T) occurs at nucleotide 175 preceding the initiation of translation. A coding polymorphism in exon 1 (C to T) at nucleotide 229 changes an alanine residue to a valine residue. Frequencies of these polymorphisms were examined in groups of cocaine and/or opioid dependent individuals and matched controls. There were no significant differences between groups, although a trend (p= 0.05) towards a higher frequency of the 229 valine allele was observed in the substance abuse group, suggesting a need for large, well‐controlled studies of this polymorphism in severe substance abusers.
Alcohol consumption: a risk factor for abdominal fat accumulation in men
Authors: SUTER PAOLO M. , MAIRE RENE , VETTER WILHELM 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAbstract An increased abdominal fat mass is regarded as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. In this cross‐sectional study of 1099 men we found a significant positive association between alcohol intake and the waist/hip (W/H) ratio, an index for the abdominal fat mass. This relationship was independent of age and body weight. The results suggest that the risk of abdominal fat deposition could be minimized by a reduction of alcohol intake.
The quantitative determination of R‐ and S‐salsolinol in the striatum and adrenal gland of rats selectively bred for disparate alcohol drinking
Authors: HABER H. , DUMAUAL N. , BARE D. J. , MELZIG M. F. , McBRIDE W. F. , LUMENG L. , LI T. K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo explore the hypothesis that endogenous 1‐methyl‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol) might be involved in the etiology of alcoholism, its concentration was determined in the striatum and adrenal gland of rats bred selectively for disparate alcohol drinking. The alcohol‐naive alcohol‐preferring (P) and the high‐alcohol‐drinking (HAD) lines of rats demonstrated significantly lower striatal and adrenal salsolinol content when compared with the alcohol‐non‐preferring (NP) and the low‐alcohol‐drinking (LAD) lines. In the P‐line of rats, 4 weeks of free‐choice alcohol drinking had no significant effect on striatal salsolinol levels, although adrenal levels of salsolinol were significantly higher. The salsolinol assayed in the striatum of all lines of rats occurred as a racemic mixture of enantiomers that was unchanged following 4 weeks of alcohol exposure. Unlike striatal tissue, the adrenals of alcohol naive P‐rats contained significantly more S‐ than R‐salsolinol (ratio S/R = 83/17) and alcohol consumption resulted in the formation of a nearly racemic mixture of enantiomers. These results suggest a role for genetic factors in the formation of endogenous salsolinol and its potential regulation by short‐term alcohol intake.
Non‐word repetition and language development in children with specific language impairment (SLI)
Authors: Botting Nicola , Conti‐Ramsden Gina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNon‐word repetition has previously been found to correlate with language outcomes both in children who are language impaired and in those who are developing normally. This paper concerns a group of children identified as having specific language impairment (SLI) and follows the methods of Adams and Gathercole (2000) by taking children with the highest and the lowest nonword repetition scores at age 11. These children's language and literacy abilities were then compared. Despite the fact that high and low scorers were matched on Performance IQ tasks (Block Design and Picture Completion), all linguistic measures except for vocabulary assessments showed significant differences between the groups. The fact that these differences were present despite block design scores being identical for the two groups suggests that more than a general working memory deficit underlies the language difficulties. Furthermore, significant differences were noted on a digit‐span task requiring processing and production of number words. A specific phonological memory difficulty may therefore be present over and above a subtle but more general processing limitation. The implications for SLI theory and practice are discussed.
The association of parental tobacco use and SLI
Authors: Tomblin J. Bruce , Hammer Carol ScheVner , Zhang Xuyang 
Published: July 2002

AbstractStudies on specific language impairments (SLI) have demonstrated that SLI aggregate in families. This may be due to the presence of prenatal and postnatal features of a shared environment, such as parental smoking, that has been associated with lowered cognitive and language outcomes in children of smokers. This study explored the relationship between parental smoking and specific language impairments (SLI) in children. Using a case‐control design, data on 177 children with SLI and 925 children who were typically developing were collected using a parental questionnaire concerning parental smoking habits. Maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy, during children's development and continuous smoking during pregnancy and development were significantly related to SLI. However, when parental education was controlled for, these significant associations no longer existed. It is suggested that parental smoking, although not independently associated with SLI, may be an indicator of a parenting environment that places children at risk for language impairments.
Specification on the interval
Authors: Buzzi Jérôme 
Published: July 2002

We study the consequences of discontinuities on the specification property for interval maps. After giving a necessary and sufficient condition for a piecewise monotonic, piecewise continuous map to have this property, we show that for a large and natural class of families of such maps (including the

β
\beta

-transformations), the set of parameters for which the specification property holds, though dense, has zero Lebesgue measure. Thus, regarding the specification property, the general case is at the opposite of the continuous case solved by A.M. Blokh (Russian Math. Surveys 38 (1983), 133–134) (for which we give a proof).
Irreducible representations of solvable Lie superalgebras
Authors: Sergeev Alexander 
Published: July 2002

The description of irreducible finite dimensional representations of finite dimensional solvable Lie superalgebras over complex numbers given by V. Kac is refined. In reality these representations are not just induced from a polarization but are twisted ones, as infinite dimensional representations of solvable Lie algebras. Various cases of irreducibility (general and of type Q) are classified.
Lysosomal sphingomyelinase is not solicited for apoptosis signaling
Authors: Bezombes Christine , Ségui Bruno , Cuvillier Olivier , Bruno Alain P. , Uro‐Coste Emmanuelle , Gouazé Valérie , Andrieu‐Abadie Nathalie , Carpentier Stéphane , Laurent Guy , Salvayre Robert , Jaffrézou Jean‐Pierre , Levade Thierry 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTStress‐induced activation of an acidic sphingomyelinase leading to generation of ceramide, an important lipid mediator, has been associated with apoptosis; however, the implication of this hydrolase has been questioned. The present study aimed at re‐evaluating the role of this lysosomal enzyme in apoptosis initiated by different apoptotic inducers. The sensitivity of a series of acid sphingomyelinase‐deficient cell lines derived from Niemann‐Pick disease patients to stress‐induced apoptosis was investigated. We have now shown that stress stimuli, such as anthracyclines, ionizing radiation, and Fas ligation trigger similar apoptotic hallmarks in normal and acid sphingomyelinase‐deficient cell lines. Retrovirus‐mediated gene correction of enzyme deficiency in Niemann‐Pick cells does not modify response to apoptosis. Ceramide production is comparable in normal and Niemann‐Pick cells, and increased activity of neutral sphingomyelinase is observed. Thus, our findings cast serious doubts that lysosomal sphingomyelinase activation is responsible for stress‐induced apoptosis of cultured cells.
Antifreeze protein from shorthorn sculpin: Identification of the ice‐binding surface
Authors: Baardsnes Jason , Jelokhani‐Niaraki Masood , Kondejewski Leslie H. , Kuiper Michael J. , Kay Cyril M. , Hodges Robert S. , Davies Peter L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractShorthorn sculpins, Myoxocephalus scorpius, are protected from freezing in icy seawater by alanine‐rich, α‐helical antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The major serum isoform (SS‐8) has been reisolated and analyzed to establish its correct sequence. Over most of its length, this 42 amino acid protein is predicted to be an amphipathic α‐helix with one face entirely composed of Ala residues. The other side of the helix, which is more heterogeneous and hydrophilic, contains several Lys. Computer simulations had suggested previously that these Lys residues were involved in binding of the peptide to the {11–20} plane of ice in the <−1102> direction. To test this hypothesis, a series of SS‐8 variants were generated with single Ala to Lys substitutions at various points around the helix. All of the peptides retained significant α‐helicity and remained as monomers in solution. Substitutions on the hydrophilic helix face at position 16, 19, or 22 had no obvious effect, but those on the adjacent Ala‐rich surface at positions 17, 21, and 25 abolished antifreeze activity. These results, with support from our own modeling and docking studies, show that the helix interacts with the ice surface via the conserved alanine face, and lend support to the emerging idea that the interaction of fish AFPs with ice involves appreciable hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, our modeling suggests a new N terminus cap structure, which helps to stabilize the helix, whereas the role of the lysines on the hydrophilic face may be to enhance solubility of the protein.
Targeted Adjusting Molecular Arrangement in Organic Solar Cells via a Universal Solid Additive
Authors: Zhang Difei , Li Yuanfeng , Li Meijing , Zhong Wenkai , Heumüller Thomas , Li Ning , Ying Lei , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe incorporation of solid additive has been considered as an effective strategy for developing organic photovoltaics with multi‐components, which is independent of dynamics, playing unique roles in morphology adjustment. However, their complex working mechanisms involving specific chemical structures are selective to material systems, hence limiting their university and flexibility in application. Herein, an inert small‐molecular compound naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NT) is introduced into the bulk‐heterojunction blend as the solid additive, which can function with various material systems and solvents, depending on its simple π‐conjugated structure and S⋯N interaction for adjusting molecular alignment. It is interesting to note that the introduced NT can not only improve device performance, but also simplify complicated pre‐ or post‐processing methods, reduce impact from batch‐to‐batch differences, construct sufficient energy transfer channel as well as improve device stability. The resulting devices based on PTzBI‐dF:Y6‐BO system show an impressive power conversion efficiency of 17.4% with obviously enhanced T80 lifetime of >1200 h. These findings provide useful guidelines for exploring potential universal solid additives benefitting toward commercial application.
A Versatile Approach for Preparing Shape‐Morphing Bilayer Films by Simply Adhering Two SEBS/Paraffin Films with Different Deformability and Melting Temperatures
Authors: Ren Sijia , Feng Jiachun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShape‐morphing materials that can exhibit various shape deformations are highly desirable. In this work, shape‐morphing materials with diverse deformation modes are prepared via a facile approach of constructing bilayer structures of SEBS/paraffin blends with different melting temperatures. The bilayer films are prepared using a simple solvent‐coating adhesion method, either by adhering two single‐layers together and stretching or by adhering two pre‐stretched single‐layers. These bilayer films show strong interfacial adhesion due to the similar chemical composition of the two layers. By adjusting the programming method, stretching strain, and thickness ratio, the shape deformation behaviors of the resultant bilayer films can be flexibly tuned. To demonstrate the wide applicability of this approach, several 2D sheets with hinge structures as well as a smart dressing are prepared, in which the former can be transformed into 3D configurations and the latter can automatically fit to the human body and peel off. Owing to the advantages of low cost, easy and large‐scale preparation, recyclability, and high designability, the approach for preparing shape‐morphing bilayer films proposed by this work is versatile and the obtained bilayer films have the potential to satisfy the demands of divergent application fields.
Regioselective Dearomatization of N‐Alkylquinolinium and Pyridinium Salts under Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Conditions
Authors: Pareek Abhishek , Kalek Marcin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMorita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction employing N‐alkylquinolinium salts as electrophiles has been developed. The reaction is promoted by DBU, which acts both as a catalyst activating the electron‐poor olefin as well as a base. The dearomatization occurs regioselectively at the C‐2 position, delivering a broad range of α‐(1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐yl)vinyl esters, ketones, and sulfones. The scope of the transformation has also been extended to N‐alkylpyridinium salts. For this class of substrates a presence of at least moderately electron‐withdrawing substituent in the ring is necessary to attain good reactivity. In particular, N‐alkylpyridinium salts containing an ester group undergo the dearomatization regioselectively at the C‐4 position, while nitrile and nitro moieties cause the non‐selective formation of products of the C‐2 and C‐6 additions.magnified image
Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Catalyzed by Pd Complexes Based on [N,P]‐Pyrrole Ligands: Direct Access to 2‐Hydroxybenzophenones
Authors: Cortés‐Mendoza Salvador , Adamczyk Dorian , Badillo‐Goméz Joel I. , Urrutigoïty Martine , Ortega‐Alfaro M. Carmen , López‐Cortés José G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling is one of the most useful synthetic tools to build C−C bonds, but the use of hydroxyaryl halides to direct access hydroxy‐byaryls still remains a challenge. For the carbonylative version of the reaction, the synthesis of hydroxybiaryl ketones is commonly solved by protecting group strategies. In this work, we report a protocol of carbonylative Suzuki‐ Miyaura coupling catalysed by a [N,P]‐PdCl2complex using aryl halides, various aryl boronic acids and CO. We were able at first to obtain biphenyls, finding a singular reactivity towards 2‐bromophenol, that later was extended to the carbonylation reaction, resulting in methodology that allows the obtention of 2‐hydroxybiaryl ketones, with a functional group tolerance toward amines, alkoxy, ketones, esters, and halides.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2,3‐Allenols with Amines: Synthesis of [3]Dendralenes and 1,3‐Dienes Containing Allylic Amino and Hydroxy Groups
Authors: Xu Guang‐Li , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed reaction of 2,3‐allenols with amines was carried out to construct conjugated polyenes with allylic amino and hydroxy groups. [Pd(π‐allyl)Cl]2/P(2‐furyl)3‐catalyzed reaction in MeOH led to (Z)‐configurated [3]dendralene derivatives and Pd(OAc)2/P(2‐furyl)3‐catalyzed reaction in iPrOH resulted in (1Z,3E)‐1,3‐diene derivatives.magnified image
3D Hierarchical Graphene‐CNT Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: a First‐Principles Assessment
Authors: Ma Jiachen , Yang Chen , Li Qiuhui , Liu Shiqi , Xu Linqiang , Fang Shibo , Sun Xiaotian , Quhe Ruge , Pan Feng , Lu Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA thermodynamically and kinetically stable 3D hierarchical carbonaceous nanostructure is constructed to examine its potential as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Heptagonal and quadrilateral staggered carbon rings are formed where the graphite layers and the CNT interconnect vertically. Based on first‐principles calculations, such a graphite‐CNT hybrid with expanded interlayer spacing allows effective binding to Na atoms and contributes a high specific capacity of 324.3 mAh g−1. It maintains a great electronic conductivity for both pristine and Na‐adsorbed graphite‐CNT along the expanded graphite layers, and constructs a 3D electronic transport network when a large number of Na atoms are adsorbed. This hierarchical nanostructure predicts a fast inner 3D Na‐ion transport network, with energy barriers of 0.56 and 0.50 eV along the expanded graphite layer and the CNT channel, respectively. This research manifests the feasibility of obtaining well‐performed graphite‐based anodes for SIBs through purposeful microcosmic morphology modification.
Ultrathin Plasma Polymer Passivation of Perovskite Solar Cells for Improved Stability and Reproducibility
Authors: Obrero‐Perez Jose M. , Contreras‐Bernal Lidia , Nuñez‐Galvez Fernando , Castillo‐Seoane Javier , Valadez‐Villalobos Karen , Aparicio Francisco J. , Anta Juan A. , Borras Ana , Sanchez‐Valencia Juan R. , Barranco Angel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the youthfulness of hybrid halide perovskite solar cells, their efficiencies are currently comparable to commercial silicon and have surpassed quantum‐dots solar cells. Yet, the scalability of these devices is a challenge due to their low reproducibility and stability under environmental conditions. However, the techniques reported to date to tackle such issues recurrently involve the use of solvent methods that would further complicate their transfer to industry. Herein a reliable alternative relaying in the implementation of an ultrathin plasma polymer as a passivation interface between the electron transport layer and the hybrid perovskite layer is presented. Such a nanoengineered interface provides solar devices with increased long‐term stability under ambient conditions. Thus, without involving any additional encapsulation step, the cells retain more than 80% of their efficiency after being exposed to the ambient atmosphere for more than 1000 h. Moreover, this plasma polymer passivation strategy significantly improves the coverage of the mesoporous scaffold by the perovskite layer, providing the solar cells with enhanced performance, with a champion efficiency of 19.2%, a remarkable value for Li‐free standard mesoporous n‐i‐p architectures, as well as significantly improved reproducibility.
Clinical, demographic, and genetic risk factors of treatment‐attributed suicidality in >10,000 Australian adults taking antidepressants
Authors: Campos Adrian I. , Byrne Enda M. , Iorfino Frank , Fabbri Chiara , Hickie Ian B. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Wray Naomi R. , Medland Sarah E. , Rentería Miguel E. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmergence of suicidal symptoms has been reported as a potential antidepressant adverse drug reaction. Identifying risk factors associated could increase our understanding of this phenomenon and stratify individuals at higher risk. Logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors of self‐reported treatment‐attributed suicidal ideation (TASI). We then employed classifiers to test the predictive ability of the variables identified. A TASI GWAS, as well as SNP‐based heritability estimation, were performed. GWAS replication was sought from an independent study. Significant associations were found for age and comorbid conditions, including bipolar and personality disorders. Participants reporting TASI from one antidepressant were more likely to report TASI from other antidepressants. No genetic loci associated with TAS I (p < 5e‐8) were identified. Of 32 independent variants with suggestive association (p < 1e‐5), 27 lead SNPs were available in a replication dataset from the GENDEP study. Only one variant showed a consistent effect and nominal association in the independent replication sample. Classifiers were able to stratify non‐TASI from TASI participants (AUC = 0.77) and those reporting treatment‐attributed suicide attempts (AUC = 0.85). The pattern of TASI co‐occurrence across participants suggest nonspecific factors underlying its etiology. These findings provide insights into the underpinnings of TASI and serve as a proof‐of‐concept of the use of classifiers for risk stratification.
Synergy of Weakly‐Solvated Electrolyte and Optimized Interphase Enables Graphite Anode Charge at Low Temperature
Authors: Yang Yang , Fang Zhong , Yin Yue , Cao Yongjie , Wang Yonggang , Dong Xiaoli , Xia Yongyao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGraphite anode suffers from great capacity loss and even fails to charge (i.e. Li+‐intercalation) under low temperature, mainly arising from the large overpotential including sluggish de‐solvation process and insufficient ions movement in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, an electrolyte is developed by utilizing weakly solvated molecule ethyl trifluoroacetate and film‐forming fluoroethylene carbonate to achieve smooth de‐solvation and high ionic conductivity at low temperature. Evolution of SEI formed at different temperatures is further investigated to propose an effective room‐temperature SEI formation strategy for low‐temperature operations. The synergetic effect of tamed electrolyte and optimized SEI enables graphite with a reversible charge/discharge capacity of 183 mAh g−1at −30 °C and fast‐charging up to 6C‐rate at room temperature. Moreover, graphite||LiFePO4full cell maintains a capacity retention of 78 % at −30 °C, and 37 % even at a super‐low temperature of −60 °C. This work offers a progressive insight towards fast‐charging and low‐temperature batteries.