bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of anterior bite planes fabricated from acrylic resin and thermoplastic material on masticatory muscle responses and maximum bite force in children with a deep bite: A 6‐month randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wasinwasukul Passakorn , Nalamliang Napat , Pairatchawan Nalin , Thongudomporn Udom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnterior bite planes are bite‐raising appliances used for deep bite correction. However, muscle responses to anterior bite planes of different harnesses may vary.ObjectivesTo prospectively evaluate masticatory muscle activity, muscle balance and maximum bite force (MBF) responses to anterior bite planes fabricated from acrylic resin (ABP) or bi‐laminate thermoplastic (TBP) over 6 months in children with a deep bite.MethodsSixty‐six children were randomly assigned to the ABP, TBP or untreated control groups. Masticatory muscle activity, activity index (AC) and percentage overlapping coefficient (POC) were assessed by surface electromyography; MBF, using a custom‐made bite force sensor. Data were collected before, immediately after appliance insertion and after 2 weeks and 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Within‐ and between‐group differences were analysed using the one‐way ANOVA/Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (α = .05); Friedman's tests were used to assess within‐group differences over time (α = .08).ResultsAt rest, no dependent variables changed throughout the study. At maximum clenching, masticatory muscle activity immediately dropped significantly but returned to baseline values and was equal to the control group at 1–3 months. The ABP group had significantly lower masseter activity and AC than the TBP group after insertion. Neither POC nor MBF were significantly different within or between groups.ConclusionMasticatory muscle activity reduced after anterior bite plane insertion but returned to baseline after 1–3 months. Masseter activity decreased significantly more in the ABP group than TBP group. Neither appliance significantly affected POC or MBF.Clinical trial registrationThai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR20210330002).
Identifying metabolic parameters related to severity and extent of periodontitis in down syndrome patients
Authors: Mouchrek Monique Maria Melo , Franco Mayra Moura , da Silva Leslie Alves , Martins Kerry Alynne Campos , Conceição Sueli Ismael Oliveira da , Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro , Benatti Bruno Braga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSystemic metabolic status and periodontitis can be related in patients with Down syndrome (DS). The objective of this study was to identify metabolic indicators (anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and serum markers) related to severity and extent of periodontitis in DS patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 49 patients with DS. Periodontal evaluation included the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and visible plaque index (VPI). Periodontitis severity was classified by the stages system. The extent of periodontitis was assessed as the percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 mm, CAL ≥4 mm, PPD ≥4 mm, and PPD ≥5 mm. The metabolic condition of the participants was determined by analyzing anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and serum markers. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsPeriodontitis stage 3/4 was detected in 32.7% of patients, with high values of VPI (54.6 ± 35.8) and GBI (42.4 ± 33.3). The severity of periodontitis was related to higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin (β = .291, p = .028) and mean corpuscular volume values (β = .293, p = .046). Arm circumference measurements were inversely related to CAL ≥3 mm (β = −.408, p = .023), PPD ≥4 mm (β = −.475, p = .006), and PPD ≥5 mm (β = −.443, p = .010).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the severity and extent of periodontitis may be related to some metabolic parameters in DS patients.
Deciphering the interdependent labyrinth between gut microbiota and the immune system
Authors: Saini A. , Dalal P. , Sharma D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The human gut microbiome interacts with each other and the host, which has significant effects on health and disease development. Intestinal homeostasis and inflammation are maintained by the dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Numerous metabolic products produced by the gut microbiota play a role in mediating cross-talk between gut epithelial and immune cells. In the event of an imbalance between the immune system and microbiota, the body becomes susceptible to infections and homeostasis is compromised. This review mainly focuses on the interplay between microbes and the immune system, such as T-cell- and B-cell-mediated adaptive responses to microbiota and signalling pathways for effective communication between the two. We have also highlighted the role of microbes in the activation of the immune response, the development of memory cells and how the immune system determines the diversity of human gut microbiota. The review also explains the relationship of commensal microbiota and their relation to the production of immunoglobulins.
Richness and resilience in the Pacific: DNA metabarcoding enables parallelized evaluation of biogeographic patterns
Authors: Kennedy Susan , Calaor Jerilyn , Zurápiti Yazmín , Hans Julian , Yoshimura Masashi , Choo Juanita , Andersen Jeremy C. , Callaghan Jackson , Roderick George K. , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Rogers Haldre , Gillespie Rosemary G. , Economo Evan P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIslands make up a large proportion of Earth's biodiversity, yet are also some of the most sensitive systems to environmental perturbation. Biogeographic theory predicts that geologic age, area, and isolation typically drive islands' diversity patterns, and thus potentially impact non‐native spread and community homogenization across island systems. One limitation in testing such predictions has been the difficulty of performing comprehensive inventories of island biotas and distinguishing native from introduced taxa. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding and statistical modelling as a high throughput method to survey community‐wide arthropod richness, the proportion of native and non‐native species, and the incursion of non‐natives into primary habitats on three archipelagos in the Pacific – the Ryukyus, the Marianas and Hawaii – which vary in age, isolation and area. Diversity patterns largely match expectations based on island biogeography theory, with the oldest and most geographically connected archipelago, the Ryukyus, showing the highest taxonomic richness and lowest proportion of introduced species. Moreover, we find evidence that forest habitats are more resilient to incursions of non‐natives in the Ryukyus than in the less taxonomically rich archipelagos. Surprisingly, we do not find evidence for biotic homogenization across these three archipelagos: the assemblage of non‐native species on each island is highly distinct. Our study demonstrates the potential of DNA metabarcoding to facilitate rapid estimation of biogeographic patterns, the spread of non‐native species, and the resilience of ecosystems.
Brain parenchymal angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma and spinal myxoid mesenchymal tumor with FET: CREB fusion, a spectrum of the same tumor type
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Kim Seong‐Ik , Park Jin Woo , Park Chul‐Kee , Chung Chun Kee , Choi Seung‐Hong , Yun Hongseok , Park Sung‐Hye 
Published: June 2022

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytomas (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumor of intermediate malignant potential, and its histology is diverse. It can occur in several organs including intracranial and soft tissues. Here, we report two cases of brain parenchymal classic AFH and spinal extramedullary myxoid mesenchymal tumor with clinicopathological and molecular investigations by next‐generation sequencing and a comprehensive review. The current brain parenchymal AFH occurred in a 79‐year‐old woman, and the spinal myxoid mesenchymal tumor arose in the thoracic spine of a 28‐year‐old woman; both harbored FET:CREB fusion. The current brain parenchymal AFH has not recurred for 15‐months follow‐up period, but the spinal myxoid mesenchymal tumor recurred three times and metastasized to T8 spine level for 30‐months follow‐up period. We reviewed 40 reported cases of central nervous system (CNS) AFHs/myxoid mesenchymal tumors including our two cases to identify clinicopathological features and biological behaviors. They occur with a slight female predominance (M:F = 1:1.7) in children and young adults (median age: 17 years; range: 4–79 years old). Approximately 80% of CNS AFHs were younger than 30 year. Most of them were dura‐based and were not just intracranial tumors as they occurred anywhere in the CNS including spinal dura. EWSR1 rearrangement was the most common driver (98%), including FET:CREB (33%), EWSR1:ATF1 (30%), and EWSR1:CREM (27%) fusions, but FUS:CREM fusion (2%) was also present. During the follow‐up period (median: 27 months), 43% (17/40) of CNS AFHs recurred between two months and 11 years, and multiple recurrences were also observed. One case showed metastases to the lymph nodes and vertebrae, and among 11 cases that resulted in death, four cases provided available clinical data. Because these tumors are identical to soft tissue AFH or primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with an FET:CREB fusion in morphological and immunohistochemical spectra, the authors propose incorporating the two tumor terms into one.
Sex differences in fronto‐limbic white matter tracts in youth with mood disorders
Authors: Hermens Daniel F. , Jamieson Daniel , Fitzpatrick Lauren , Sacks Dashiell D. , Iorfino Frank , Crouse Jacob J. , Guastella Adam J. , Scott Elizabeth M. , Hickie Ian B. , Lagopoulos Jim 
Published: June 2022

AimsPatients with depression and bipolar disorder have previously been shown to have impaired white matter (WM) integrity compared with healthy controls. This study aimed to investigate potential sex differences that may provide further insight into the pathophysiology of these highly debilitating mood disorders.MethodsParticipants aged 17 to 30 years (168 with depression [60% females], 107 with bipolar disorder [74% females], and 61 controls [64% females]) completed clinical assessment, self‐report measures, and a neuropsychological assessment battery. Participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging from which diffusion tensor imaging data were collected among five fronto‐limbic WM tracts: cingulum bundle (cingulate gyrus and hippocampus subsections), fornix, stria terminalis, and the uncinate fasciculus. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) scores were compared between groups using analyses of variance with sex and diagnosis as fixed factors.ResultsAmong the nine WM tracts analyzed, one revealed a significant interaction between sex and diagnosis, controlling for age. Male patients with bipolar disorder had significantly lower FA scores in the fornix compared with the other groups. Furthermore, partial correlations revealed a significant positive association between FA scores for the fornix and psychomotor speed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that males with bipolar disorder may be at increased risk of disruptions in WM integrity, especially in the fornix, which is thought to be responsible for a range of cognitive functions. More broadly, our findings suggest that sex differences may exist in WM integrity and thereby alter our understanding of the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
Analysis of existing “how to” manuals for the care of inpatients with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Breneman Alyssa , Morel Kimberly D. , Paller Amy S. , Levin Laura E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract“How to” skin care manuals assist health care professionals caring for hospitalized patients with epidermolysis bullosa and other disorders. Manuals created by Epidermolysis Bullosa Clinical Research Consortium sites were collected and analyzed. Analysis of manuals revealed variable content. Creating a unified, optimized “how” to manual would benefit providers and patients.
Monitoring of Peronospora destructor oospores from field samples using real‐time PCR
Authors: Nishimura Fumihiro , Fujisawa Haruka , Mori Mitsutaka , Nakashima Chiharu , Nakanishi Mitsuru , Iwamoto Yutaka , Mimuro Genki , Nakamura Yoshihide , Komori Mayu , Ikeda Kenichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOnion downy mildew caused by Peronospora destructor has been widespread in Japan since 2016. Soil disinfection and use of fungicides have been implemented as control measures against oospores in the soil, which are the primary source of infection. Measurements of oospore density are needed to clarify the risk of disease development and inform disease management. In this study, an experimental system capable of detecting P. destructor DNA from field samples was developed. A TaqMan probe‐type primer was used to target the coxII (cytochrome c oxidase subunit II) region of the mitochondrial genome of P. destructor and no false positives were observed. Using this method, the detection limit was equivalent to 5 oospores of P. destructor/g soil in grey lowland soil and andosol. The correlation coefficient between oospore density and the primary infection rate was investigated by testing soil samples from 115 fields. Although no correlations between oospore density and the primary infection were observed in pesticide‐treated fields, significant correlations were observed in untreated fields. Continuous cropping of onions increased the oospore density. The correlation between primary and secondary infection was relatively weak, and the negative predictive value of primary infection was relatively high (89.0). These results suggest that the disease‐risk potential of onion downy mildew is very high, and thus it is necessary to set a low pathogen detection threshold. The system presented here provides a highly sensitive method for supporting decision‐making aimed at disease control.
Cupids of Colour: Gods of African Appearance at Sixteenth‐Century German Courts
Authors: Alff Carolin , Grasskamp Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile very few portraits of men and women of African origin by early modern German artists have survived, people of colour feature in great numbers in sixteenth‐century engravings, costume albums, collectibles and visual representations of court spectacles. Some of these sources represent men of African appearance as Mercury and his son Cupid, the god of desire. This motif's emergence was informed by the German reception of visual records on conquest and exploration by non‐German authors and further shaped by the local frameworks of courtly entertainment. The politics of viewing as defined by sixteenth‐century artists and their commissioners amounted to an appropriation of the other in the artfully created spaces of theatrical performance and collecting, enabling the temporary presentation of men of colour as gods that was in stark contrast with the objectification and commodification of their lives by the early modern slave trade.
Risk analysis under attack: How risk science can address the legal, social, and reputational liabilities faced by risk analysts
Authors: Thekdi Shital A. , Aven Terje 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of the risk analyst is critical in understanding and managing uncertainty. However, there is another type of uncertainty that is rarely discussed: The legal, social, and reputational liabilities of the risk analyst. Recent events have shown that professionals participating in risk analysis can be held personally liable. It is timely and important to ask: How can risk science guide risk analysis with consideration of those liabilities, particularly in response to emerging and unprecedented risk. This paper studies this topic by: (1) Categorizing how professionals with risk analysis responsibilities have historically been held liable, and (2) developing a framework to address uncertainty related to those potential liabilities. The result of this framework will enable individual analysts and organizations to investigate and manage the expectations of risk analysts and others as they apply risk principles and methods. This paper will be of interest to risk researchers, risk professionals, and industry professionals who seek maturity within their risk programs.
Heterogeneous Graphical Model for Non-Negative and Non-Gaussian PM2.5 data
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Fan Xinyan , Li Yang , Ma Shuangge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies on the conditional relationships between PM2.5 concentrations among different regions are of great interest for the joint prevention and control of air pollution. Because of seasonal changes in atmospheric conditions, spatial patterns of PM2.5 may differ throughout the year. Additionally, concentration data are both non-negative and non-Gaussian. These data features pose significant challenges to existing methods. This study proposes a heterogeneous graphical model for non-negative and non-Gaussian data via the score matching loss. The proposed method simultaneously clusters multiple datasets and estimates a graph for variables with complex properties in each cluster. Furthermore, our model involves a network that indicate similarity among datasets, and this network can have additional applications. In simulation studies, the proposed method outperforms competing alternatives in both clustering and edge identification. We also analyse the PM2.5 concentrations' spatial correlations in Taiwan's regions using data obtained in year 2019 from 67 air-quality monitoring stations. The 12 months are clustered into four groups: January–March, April, May–September and October–December, and the corresponding graphs have 153, 57, 86 and 167 edges respectively. The results show obvious seasonality, which is consistent with the meteorological literature. Geographically, the PM2.5 concentrations of north and south Taiwan regions correlate more respectively. These results can provide valuable information for developing joint air-quality control strategies.
Sex‐related differences and effects of short and long trail running races on resting muscle‐tendon mechanical properties
Authors: Fouré Alexandre , Besson Thibault , Stauffer Emeric , Skinner Sarah C. , Bouvier Jérémie , Féasson Léonard , Connes Philippe , Hautier Christophe A. , Millet Guillaume Y. 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess sex‐related differences in resting mechanical properties and adaptations of skeletal muscles and tendons in response to trail running races of different distances using multi‐site shear wave elastography assessments of the lower limb, force capacity and blood analyses. Sex differences in resting mechanical properties of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles and tendons were characterized by shear wave velocity (SWV) measurements in healthy males (N = 42) and females (N = 25) trained in long‐distance running. Effects of running distance on muscle and tendon properties were assessed in short (<60 km, N = 23) vs. long (>100 km, N = 26) distance races. Changes in isometric maximal voluntary contraction torque, serum C‐reactive protein and creatine kinase activity were also quantified after running races. Higher SWV of relaxed triceps surae muscle was detected in females as compared to males before running races (+4.8%, p = 0.006), but the significant increases in triceps surae muscle group (+7.0%, p = 0.001) and patellar tendon SWV (+15.4%, p = 0.001) after short‐distance races were independent of sex. A significant decrease in triceps surae muscle SWV was found after long‐distance races in the whole experimental population (−3.1%, p = 0.049). Post‐races increase in C‐reactive protein and creatine kinase activity were significantly correlated to the relative decreases in triceps surae and quadriceps femoris skeletal muscle SWV (ρ = −0.56, p = 0.001 and ρ = −0.51, p = 0.001, respectively). Resting mechanical properties of muscles and tendons are affected by sex, and adaptations to trail races are related to running distance. Exercise‐induced changes in resting skeletal muscle mechanical properties are associated with enhanced indirect markers of inflammation and muscle damage.
Fragments of Memory
Authors: Strassler Karen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrawing on notes and images from fieldwork conducted more than two decades earlier, the imagetexts in this constellation of “memory fragments” were first produced as part of a social media‐based project, Living1965setiaphari (Living1965everyday). This project, led by a collective of Indonesian artists and activists, seeks to mobilize new media forms to create a “living memorial” and collaborative archive of stories about the mass killings of 1965–1966 in Indonesia. I re‐present and reconceive those imagetexts here and reflect on possibilities for ethnographic “ways of telling” that are faithful to the fragmented forms and disruptive force of traumatic memories of unresolved violence.
RECYCLED PLASTIC COMPOSITES IMPREGNATED WITH ORGANOCLAY AS POTENTIAL GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL FOR PAVEMENT APPLICATION
Authors: Torio-Kaimo Lestelle V. , T. Romano Paulyn Faith 
Published: June 2022

Geogrid in pavement application is widely used today, as it mainly functions as soil reinforcement or as a separator. Geogrid is made up of polymers which makes it resistant to degradation. There are different kinds of polymers which are widely used today in a familiar term called plastics. For the past years, plastic aluminum laminates (PAL) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bags were used as packaging materials or containers. However, the use of these plastics generates a huge amount of waste, consuming a lot of space and damaging the natural state of the earth. This research aims to utilize these wastes to form geogrid, which will be applied in pavement design. The recycled plastics undergo the melting process, with the aid of the two-roll mill and the compression molding. Then apertures are carved into a grid-like structure. A total of nine mixtures of geogrids were produced, each mixture having a different composition of HDPE, PAL, and organoclay. Tensile test for geogrids by Multi-rib Tensile Method (ASTM 6637) and tensile test for plastics (ASTM D638) are followed to test the geogrids. Based on the data obtained, it showed that higher tensile strength is achieved when the amount of HDPE composition in the material increases. In terms of the addition of organoclay, the mixture with 98% HDPE and 2% organoclay produced the highest tensile strength. The product of the study exhibiting the highest strength was classified as either class 2 or class 3 geogrid.
Transient Analysis of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Air Cooler Using IDAES
Authors: Gentile Russell , Vesely Ladislav , Ghouse Jaffer H. , Goyal Vipul , Kapat Jayanta S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Supercritical CO2 offers a promising solution for meeting modern energy demands. Used as a working fluid in Brayton cycles, it yields greater net efficiencies than traditional atmospheric air or flue gas. To achieve this, however, compressor inlet conditions must be kept close to the critical point (7.32 MPa and 31 °C), posing a design and operations challenge. To cool the working fluid, most designs rely on ambient air which fluctuates in temperature. In this paper, we present a model of one such air cooler that can be used as a digital twin. Our model captures two-dimensional, cross flow, and counter-current geometry while also accounting for heat holdup in the tube and fin material. This was achieved using entirely free, open-source software, namely the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) process systems engineering (PSE) framework. We demonstrate our model’s capability with transient simulations of air temperature changes, predicting CO2 properties at the compressor inlet. Results show an asymmetric, non-linear response in CO2 temperature and density, and highlighting the difficulty in working near the fluid’s critical point.