bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caudal foot placement superior to toe elevation for navicular palmaroproximal‐palmarodistal‐oblique image quality
Authors: Peeters Manon W. J. , Thursby Jasmine J. , Watson Hannah E. , Berner Dagmar 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundPalmaroproximal‐palmarodistal oblique (PaPr‐PaDiO) radiographs are regularly obtained for a full evaluation of the navicular bone (NB). Despite their routine use, different acquisition techniques are described.ObjectivesTo determine optimal foot placement and beam angle for obtaining PaPr‐PaDiO views.Study designIn vitro experiment.MethodsA convenience sample of 26 disarticulated forelimbs were placed in six different positions using a leg press to mimic the weight‐bearing position. In each position, navicular PaPr‐PaDiO images were obtained with eight different beam angles. The resulting 1248 radiographs were graded for their diagnostic quality and the compacta spongiosa demarcation of the NB.ResultsDiagnostic quality and compacta‐spongiosa demarcation was graded higher for feet positioned caudally and angle between 40° and 45°. Elevation of the toe significantly decreased the NB palmar border angle (elevated mean: 40.66, SD: 4.46, non‐elevated mean: 42.06, SD: 4.70) (P < .01), but seemed to have no obvious positive influence on radiographs.Main limitationsUsing disarticulated legs could only mimic positions but, using a press, weight‐bearing positions were replicated as closely as possible. The use of a convenience sample makes the results of the study exploratory only.ConclusionsCaudal foot placement seems to improve the image quality of the navicular PaPr‐PaDiO view. The widely used standard beam angle of 45° appears to be the favourable angle for acquisition with a varied range of −5°. Elevation of the toe, standard in most commercially available navicular skyline cassette holders, does not influence the obtained image quality.
The Middle Atlantic Bight Cold Pool is warming and shrinking: Indices from in situ autumn seafloor temperatures
Authors: Friedland Kevin D. , Miles Travis , Goode Andrew G. , Powell Eric N. , Brady Damian C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Cold Pool feature of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) is a body of cold bottom water that develops in the spring and persists through the summer‐autumn months. It is maintained by northerly currents and can be traced back to Arctic water masses. The Cold Pool provides habitat for many boreal species at latitudes far south of their normal range and plays an important role in the population dynamics of lower and upper trophic level organisms. Here, we describe changes in the extent and thermal properties of the Cold Pool using both observations and models. Two indices are developed based on a gridded, interpolated bottom temperature dataset; the first is a mean temperature indicator, and the second is a spatial extent indicator. The temperature indicator showed a significant increasing trend over the study period 1968–2019 and a single change point in 2008. Similarly, the area indicator declined significantly, also displaying a change point in 2008. Cold Pool maximum temperature and minimum size were observed in 2017, which is also known as a heatwave year in the MAB. The indices presented here support the view of a rapidly warming Cold Pool that is being limited in its spatial extent. Changes in Cold Pool hydrography will likely affect boreal species distributions and total ecosystem productivity.
Testing unified theories for ozone response in C4 species
Authors: Li Shuai , Moller Christopher A. , Mitchell Noah G. , Lee DoKyoung , Sacks Erik J. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is tremendous interspecific variability in O3 sensitivity among C3 species, but variation among C4 species has been less clearly documented. It is also unclear whether stomatal conductance and leaf structure such as leaf mass per area (LMA) determine the variation in sensitivity to O3 across species. In this study, we investigated leaf morphological, chemical, and photosynthetic responses of 22 genotypes of four C4 bioenergy species (switchgrass, sorghum, maize, and miscanthus) to elevated O3 in side‐by‐side field experiments using free‐air O3 concentration enrichment (FACE). The C4 species varied largely in leaf morphology, physiology, and nutrient composition. Elevated O3 did not alter leaf morphology, nutrient content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and respiration in most genotypes but reduced net CO2 assimilation in maize and photosynthetic capacity in sorghum and maize. Species with lower LMA and higher stomatal conductance tended to show greater losses in photosynthetic rate and capacity in elevated O3 compared with species with higher LMA and lower stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance was the strongest determinant of leaf photosynthetic rate and capacity. The response of both area‐ and mass‐based leaf photosynthetic rate and capacity to elevated O3 were not affected by LMA directly but negatively influenced by LMA indirectly through stomatal conductance. These results demonstrate that there is significant variation in O3 sensitivity among C4 species with maize and sorghum showing greater sensitivity of photosynthesis to O3 than switchgrass and miscanthus. Interspecific variation in O3 sensitivity was determined by direct effects of stomatal conductance and indirect effects of LMA. This is the first study to provide a test of unifying theories explaining variation in O3 sensitivity in C4 bioenergy grasses. These findings advance understanding of O3 tolerance in C4 grasses and could aid in optimal placement of diverse C4 bioenergy feedstock across a polluted landscape.
Choreographing social reproduction: Making personal protective equipment and gender during a neoliberal pandemic
Authors: Leap Braden , Kelly Kimberly , Stalp Marybeth C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFeminist scholars explore the gendered aspects of social reproduction within neoliberal contexts where the responsibility for reproducing daily and intergenerational life is shifted onto individuals and civil society groups. Using qualitative data from 665 self‐administered online questionnaires and 78 interviews with individual makers living in the United States who fabricated and distributed personal protective equipment (PPE) in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we consider the gendered contours of this socially reproductive labor that emerged at the household and community levels in response to a pandemic that has been transformed by decades of neoliberal governance strategies. As makers creatively utilized multiple kinds of labor to provide PPE for others, they both reproduced and subverted gendered inequalities in their households and communities. We draw on the “choreography of care work” literature to develop a conceptual framework for future considerations of social reproduction that highlights how its often ignored intricacies are centrally important to how gendered inequalities are reproduced and/or reworked amid disasters. Like a complex dance that is rewritten and enacted in emergent manners, makers creatively deployed multiple kinds of labor within shifting networks of people, technologies, and institutions to ensure social reproduction during the ongoing pandemic.
GM‐CSF is key in the efficacy of vaccine‐induced reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Vaillant Laurie , Oster Paul , McMillan Brynn , Orozco Fernandez Eulalia , Velin Dominique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the human gastric mucosa with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently, H. pylori is eradicated by the use of antibiotics. However, elevated antibiotic resistance suggests new therapeutic strategies need to be envisioned: one approach being prophylactic vaccination. Pre‐clinical and clinical data show that a urease‐based vaccine is efficient in decreasing H. pylori infection through the mobilization of T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce interleukins such as IL‐22 and IL‐17, among others, and are key players in vaccine efficacy. Recently, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐producing Th17 cells have been identified.AimThis study explores the possibility that GM‐CSF plays a role in the reduction of H. pylori infection following vaccination.ResultsWe demonstrate that GM‐CSF+ IL‐17+ Th17 cells accumulate in the stomach mucosa of H. pylori infected mice during the vaccine‐induced reduction of H. pylori infection. Secondly, we provide evidence that vaccinated GM‐CSF deficient mice only modestly reduce H. pylori infection. Conversely, we observe that an increase in GM‐CSF availability reduces H. pylori burden in chronically infected mice. Thirdly, we show that GM‐CSF, by acting on gastric epithelial cells, promotes the production of βdefensin3, which exhibits H. pylori bactericidal activities.ConclusionTaken together, we demonstrate a key role of GM‐CSF, most probably originating from Th17 cells, in the vaccine‐induced reduction of H. pylori infection.
Oral health care beliefs among care personnel working with older people – follow‐up of oral care education provided by dental hygienists
Authors: Edman Kristina , Wårdh Inger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe proportion of older people in the population is increasing rapidly. Along with this comes an increase in the number of people requiring assistance in daily living, including oral care. Swedish law stipulates that care personnel who work with older people should be offered oral health education every year. The aim of this study was to investigate oral health care beliefs among such personnel.MethodsA questionnaire study was conducted among 2167 personnel providing care to older people at special accommodation sites and in home care. Data were collected using the Nursing Dental Coping Beliefs Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated and logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsPersonnel working in home care had lower odds of having an internal locus of control than those working in special accommodation, and personnel with less than 10 years of working experience had lower odds than their more experienced counterparts. Men had higher odds of having an external locus of control than women.ConclusionsIt seems important to ensure that home care personnel and less experienced personnel attend oral care educational sessions, and to encourage male staff to focus on oral care work.
Un siècle de droit du travail dans la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: DUKES Ruth , FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy 
Published: January 2022

RésuméCe numéro du centenaire propose un choix d'articles sur le droit du travail publiés dans la Revue internationale du Travail au cours d'un siècle d'existence. Cette sélection fait apparaître deux axes dans le discours et les débats. Le premier est celui de l'évolution au fil du temps de la pensée sur la substance et la portée du droit du travail en général. Le second suit l'évolution du droit international du travail en particulier. Cette introduction se propose de relier les points de repère relevés tout au long de ces axes et de mettre en évidence les thèmes, questions et défis récurrents ainsi que l'évolution des points de vue.
Cambios de perspectiva sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad: contribuciones de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo
Authors: RODGERS Gerry 
Published: January 2022

ResumenSe presenta una selección de artículos de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo que ilustra la evolución de los estudios sobre la pobreza y la desigualdad en el último siglo. Estos temas, apenas visibles en los primeros decenios de la revista, adquirieron protagonismo a partir de los años setenta, especialmente en las investigaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa Mundial de Empleo de la OIT. En la década de 1990, los artículos se centraron en los conceptos de pobreza y exclusión social y en el impacto de la reforma económica. Las publicaciones más recientes tratan la desigualdad económica y social dentro de análisis más amplios del crecimiento y el desarrollo. Queda margen para una mayor integración de los diferentes enfoques de la pobreza y la desigualdad.
El derecho del trabajo en los 100 años de la Revista Internacional del Trabajo
Authors: DUKES Ruth , FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy 
Published: January 2022

ResumenEste número monográfico contiene una selección de artículos sobre derecho del trabajo publicados en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo (RIT) en sus 100 años de historia. Se han elegido por su contribución a dos líneas de debate y discurso. La primera se refiere a la evolución de las ideas sobre el alcance y la esencia del derecho del trabajo en general, y la segunda aborda específicamente el derecho internacional del trabajo. En esta introducción se examinan los hitos en cada una de estas líneas, señalando los temas, cuestiones y dificultades recurrentes, así como los puntos de vista cambiantes.
La evolución del discurso sobre el desarrollo en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo
Authors: GHOSH Jayati , RANI Uma 
Published: January 2022

ResumenEn la presente introducción se analiza el discurso del desarrollo tal como se refleja en una selección de artículos publicados en la Revista Internacional del Trabajo (RIT) entre 1971 y 2020, que ofrecen perspectivas sobre el desarrollo centradas en los ingresos, la transformación estructural, la mejora de la vida de las personas a través del desarrollo social y las interacciones del crecimiento económico con el empleo y los mercados de trabajo. Al destacar aspectos de la relación entre el desarrollo económico y el trabajo, estas contribuciones analíticas y empíricas siguen vigentes y nos ayudan a comprender los procesos y debates de política conexos.
Three‐dimensional complex construct fabrication of illite by digital light processing‐based additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Zhang Sinuo , Sutejo Imam Akbar , Kim Jeehwan , Choi Yeong‐Jin , Park Honghyun , Yun Hui‐suk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIllite is a group of clay minerals that are expected to be widely used in catalyst fabrication, radioactive element adsorption, and so forth, due to its excellent adsorption properties. However, the shape control limitation of the illite product should be overcome to maximize its utilization and properties. We herein propose additive manufacturing (AM) as one of the best solutions to solve this structural drawback. Digital light processing (DLP) technology with the film‐type of the material supplying system was adapted instead of the general vat‐type DLP system to increase illite printability. The photo‐curability and printability of illite‐contained photocurable suspension were optimized. The color effect due to different ferric oxide content in yellow‐ and white‐illite which influence the photopolymerization process also adjusted thoroughly. White illite showed better photo‐curability and could be increased solid loading than yellow illite. The defect‐free illite products with three‐dimensional complex structures, which cannot be produced by typical ceramic processes, were obtained by DLP technology for both yellow‐ and white‐illite after sintering at 1100°C. The overcoming of shape control limitation of illites by ceramic AM proved in this study has excellent potential for expanding illite utilities in various applications.
Variable vulnerability to climate change in New Zealand lizards
Authors: Jarvie Scott , Ingram Travis , Chapple David G. , Hitchmough Rodney A. , Nielsen Stuart V. , Monks Joanne M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe primary drivers of species and population extirpations have been habitat loss, overexploitation and invasive species, but human‐mediated climate change is expected to be a major driver in future. To minimise biodiversity loss, conservation managers should identify species vulnerable to climate change and prioritise their protection. Here, we estimate climatic suitability for two species‐rich taxonomic groups, then use phylogenetic analyses to assess vulnerability to climate change.LocationAotearoa New Zealand (NZ).TaxaNZ lizards: diplodactylid geckos and eugongylinae skinks.MethodsWe built correlative species distribution models (SDMs) for NZ geckos and skinks to estimate climatic suitability under current climate and 2070 future climate scenarios. We then used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models (BPMMs) to assess vulnerability for both groups with predictor variables for life‐history traits (body size and activity phase) and current distribution (elevation and latitude). We explored two scenarios: an unlimited dispersal scenario, where projections track climate, and a no‐dispersal scenario, where projections are restricted to areas currently identified as suitable.ResultsSDMs projected vulnerability to climate change for most modelled lizards. For species' ranges projected to decline in climatically suitable areas, average decreases were between 42% and 46% for geckos and 33% and 52% for skinks, although area did increase or remain stable for a minority of species. For the no‐dispersal scenario, the average decrease for geckos was 37%–52% and for skinks was 33%–52%. Our BPMMs showed phylogenetic signal in climate change vulnerability for both groups, with elevation increasing vulnerability for geckos, and body size reducing vulnerability for skinks.Main conclusionsNew Zealand lizards showed variable vulnerability to climate change, with most species' ranges predicted to decrease. For species whose suitable climatic space is projected to disappear from within their current range, managed relocation could be considered to establish populations in regions that will be suitable under future climates.
Fragmented QRS on electrocardiography as a predictor for diastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yagi Kunimasa , Imamura Teruhiko , Tada Hayato , Liu Jianhui , Miyamoto Yukiko , Ohbatake Azusa , Ito Naoko , Shikata Masataka , Enkaku Asako , Takikawa Akiko , Honoki Hisae , Fujisaka Shiho , Chujo Daisuke , Origasa Hideki , Kinugawa Koichiro , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (DD2D) is a critical risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, there is no established biomarker to detect DD2D. We aimed to investigate the predictive impact of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography on the existence of DD2D.Materials and MethodsWe included in‐hospital patients with type 2 diabetes without heart failure symptoms who were admitted to our institution for glycemic management between November 2017 and April 2021. An fQRS was defined as an additional R′ wave or notching/splitting of the S wave in two contiguous electrocardiography leads. DD2D was diagnosed according to the latest guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography.ResultsOf 320 participants, 122 patients (38.1%) had fQRS. DD2D was diagnosed in 82 (25.6%). An fQRS was significantly associated with the existence of DD2D (odds ratio 4.37, 95% confidence interval 2.33–8.20; p < 0.0001) adjusted for seven potential confounders. The correlation between DD2D and diabetic microvascular disease was significant only among those with fQRS. Classification and regression tree analysis showed that fQRS was the most relevant optimum split for DD2D.ConclusionsAn fQRS might be a simple and promising predictor of the existence of DD2D. The findings should be validated in a larger‐scale cohort.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on keratinocyte carcinoma in the Netherlands: Trends in diagnoses and magnitude of diagnostic delays
Authors: Slotman E. , Schreuder K. , Nijsten T.E.C. , Wakkee M. , Hollestein L. , Mooyaart A. , Siesling S. , Louwman M.W.J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic impacted Dutch society and the healthcare system. Focus switched to care for COVID‐19 patients, thereby altering care for non‐COVID patients. Non‐urgent medical visits were cancelled or postponed and patients were reluctant to visit healthcare services.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on trends in diagnoses of keratinocyte carcinoma (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC)) and to assess the magnitude of diagnostic delays.MethodsThe number of cSCC and BCC diagnoses in each month of 2020 was compared to the expected number of diagnoses for these months, using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Expected diagnoses for 2020 were used as a reference to take the yearly increase in keratinocyte carcinoma incidence into account and were calculated by extrapolating the trends observed in 2017–2019. Comparisons were further stratified by age, sex and region. Estimates of diagnostic delays were calculated and corrected for the influence of excess mortality due to the pandemic on keratinocyte carcinoma incidence.ResultsThe number of cSCC and BCC diagnoses substantially decreased when compared to the number of diagnoses expected from March to May 2020 (cSCC −29%, BCC −50%). These decreases were observed across all age groups, both sexes, and all regions. From June to September the number of cSCC and BCC diagnoses was higher than expected, after which it slightly dropped below expected in October to December. In total, 2020 keratinocyte carcinoma diagnoses continued to trail those expected, with a backlog of around 1150 cSCCs and 11 767 BCCs remaining at the end of the year.ConclusionDiagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma was suboptimal during the COVID‐19 pandemic, due to diagnostic delays likely resulting from both patient and health system‐related delay. Further studies will need to determine the effects of these diagnostic delays on outcomes.
Reopening a can of words: Qualitative secondary data analysis
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth A. , Munly Kelly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQualitative Secondary Data Analysis remains severely underutilized in Human Development and Family Sciences (HDFS). In this paper, we revisit the topic of qualitative secondary data analysis, exploring complications and possibilities. Major barriers to qualitative secondary data analysis are archiving data, availability of datasets, and knowledge and explicit models of qualitative data reanalysis. Foregrounding the importance of multilogicality, qualitative secondary data analysis moves away from linear, unidimensional, and restricted analyses and understandings. With exceptions, little published discussion exists about philosophical considerations and analytical tools that could be used for qualitative secondary data analysis within HDFS. In response to this deficit, we offer ideas and examples of qualitative secondary data analyses from our datasets. By reopening this can of words, we hope to (re) generate more discussion and encourage a greater number of HDFS scholars to archive their qualitative datasets and reuse existing qualitative datasets.