bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the Definition of an Ever‐changing Heritage: A Reading of the (Re)appropriation Processes of the Torres Vermelhas in Mozambique
Authors: Noormahomed Patricia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a new way of understanding the modern architecture of Mozambique as cultural heritage beyond existing Eurocentric discourses. It suggests that the discussion should stem from the consideration of this legacy not as a static image of the past, but as an accumulation of appropriations and reappropriations over time: a living legacy embedded in a continuous process of layering new uses and meanings akin to a palimpsest. To argue this, the article analyses a paradigmatic case of Mozambique's modernity, Torres Vermelhas in Maputo, whose construction was left unfinished by the events that led to the country's independence in 1975. The aim is to understand how it has been (re)designed and shaped over time through both formal and informal practices. In doing so, an innovative disciplinary perspective is introduced as a way to provide a sustained basis for the interpretation of this ever‐changing heritage.
Newborns discriminate utterance‐level prosodic contours
Authors: Martinez‐Alvarez Anna , Benavides‐Varela Silvia , Lapillonne Alexandre , Gervain Judit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProsody is the fundamental organizing principle of spoken language, carrying lexical, morphosyntactic, and pragmatic information. It, therefore, provides highly relevant input for language development. Are infants sensitive to this important aspect of spoken language early on? In this study, we asked whether infants are able to discriminate well‐formed utterance‐level prosodic contours from ill‐formed, backward prosodic contours at birth. This deviant prosodic contour was obtained by time‐reversing the original one, and super‐imposing it on the otherwise intact segmental information. The resulting backward prosodic contour was thus unfamiliar to the infants and ill‐formed in French. We used near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in 1‐3‐day‐old French newborns (n = 25) to measure their brain responses to well‐formed contours as standards and their backward prosody counterparts as deviants in the frontal, temporal, and parietal areas bilaterally. A cluster‐based permutation test revealed greater responses to the Deviant than to the Standard condition in right temporal areas. These results suggest that newborns are already capable of detecting utterance‐level prosodic violations at birth, a key ability for breaking into the native language, and that this ability is supported by brain areas similar to those in adults.Research Highlights
At birth, infants have sophisticated speech perception abilities.
Prosody may be particularly important for early language development.
We show that newborns are already capable of discriminating utterance‐level prosodic contours.
This discrimination can be localized to the right hemisphere of the neonate brain.
Step‐by‐step protocols for non‐viral derivation of transgene‐free induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic fibroblasts of multiple mammalian species
Authors: Yoshimatsu Sho , Yamazaki Atsushi , Edamura Kazuya , Koushige Yuko , Shibuya Hisashi , Qian Emi , Sato Tsukika , Okahara Junko , Kishi Noriyuki , Noce Toshiaki , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPotentials of immortal proliferation and unlimited differentiation into all the three germ layers and germ cells in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) render them important bioresources for in vitro reconstitution and modeling of intravital tissues and organs in various animal models, thus contributing to the elucidation of pathomechanisms, drug discovery and stem cell‐based regenerative medicine. We previously reported promising approaches for deriving transgene‐free iPSCs from somatic fibroblasts of multiple mammalian species by episomal vector or RNA transfection, although the respective step‐by‐step protocols and the combinatorial usage of these methods, which achieved high induction efficiency, have not been described in the literature so far. Here, we provide a detailed step‐by‐step description of these methods with critical tips and slight modifications (improvements) to previously reported methods. We also report a novel method for the establishment of iPSCs from the Syrian hamster (also known as golden hamster; Mesocricetus auratus), a unique animal model of hibernation. We anticipate this methodology will contribute to stem cell biology and regenerative medicine research.
A phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of soticlestat as adjunctive therapy in pediatric patients with Dravet syndrome or Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (ELEKTRA)
Authors: Hahn Cecil D. , Jiang Yuwu , Villanueva Vicente , Zolnowska Marta , Arkilo Dimitrios , Hsiao Samuel , Asgharnejad Mahnaz , Dlugos Dennis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are rare treatment‐resistant childhood epilepsies classed as developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. ELEKTRA investigated the efficacy and safety of soticlestat (TAK‐935) as adjunctive therapy in children with DS or LGS (NCT03650452).MethodsELEKTRA was a phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of soticlestat (≤300 mg twice daily, weight‐adjusted) in children (aged 2–17 years) with DS, demonstrating three or more convulsive seizures/month, or with LGS, demonstrating four or more drop seizures/month at baseline. The 20‐week treatment period comprised an 8‐week dose‐optimization period and a 12‐week maintenance period. Efficacy endpoints included change from baseline in seizure frequency versus placebo. Safety assessments included incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsELEKTRA enrolled 141 participants; 126 (89%) completed the study. The modified intent‐to‐treat population included 139 participants who received one or more doses of study drug and had one or more efficacy assessments (DS, n = 51; LGS, n = 88). ELEKTRA achieved its primary endpoint: the combined soticlestat‐treated population demonstrated a placebo‐adjusted median reduction in seizure frequency of 30.21% during the maintenance period (p = .0008, n = 139). During this period, placebo‐adjusted median reductions in convulsive and drop seizure frequencies of 50.00% (p = .0002; patients with DS) and 17.08% (p = .1160; patients with LGS), respectively, were observed. TEAE incidences were similar between the soticlestat (80.3%) and placebo (74.3%) groups and were mostly mild or moderate in severity. Serious TEAEs were reported by 15.5% and 18.6% of participants receiving soticlestat and placebo, respectively. TEAEs reported in soticlestat‐treated patients with ≥5% difference from placebo were lethargy and constipation. No deaths were reported.SignificanceSoticlestat treatment resulted in statistically significant, clinically meaningful reductions from baseline in median seizure frequency (combined patient population) and in convulsive seizure frequency (DS cohort). Drop seizure frequency showed a nonstatistically significant numerical reduction in children with LGS. Soticlestat had a safety profile consistent with previous studies.
Combined effects of temperature and fishing mortality on the Barents Sea ecosystem stability
Authors: Sivel Elliot , Planque Benjamin , Lindstrøm Ulf , Yoccoz Nigel G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTemporal variability in abundance and composition of species in marine ecosystems results from a combination of internal processes, external drivers, and stochasticity. One way to explore the temporal variability in an ecosystem is through temporal stability, measured using the inverse of the coefficient of variation for biomass of single species. The effect of temperature and fisheries on the variability of the Barents Sea food web is still poorly understood. To address this question, we simulate the possible dynamics of Barents Sea food web under different temperature and fishery scenarios using a simple food‐web model (Non‐Deterministic Network Dynamic [NDND]). The NDND model, which is based on chance and necessity (CaN), defines the state space of the ecosystem using its structural constraints (necessity) and explores it stochastically (chance). The effects of temperature and fisheries on stability are explored both separately and combined. The simulation results suggest that increasing temperature has a negative effect on species biomass and increasing fisheries triggers compensatory dynamics of fish species. There is a major intra‐scenario variability in temporal stability, while individual scenarios of temperature and fisheries display a weak negative impact and no effect on stability, respectively. However, combined scenarios indicate that fisheries amplify the effects of temperature on stability, while increasing temperature leads to a shift from synergistic to antagonistic effects between these two drivers.
From cosmopolitan convergences to situated religious cosmopolitanism: The early spread of the Bahá’í Faith in Singapore and Malaya (1950–1975)
Authors: Tavangar Temily Tianmay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on cosmopolitanism by examining the spread of the Bahá’í Faith in Singapore and Malaya (1950–1975). The Bahá’í Faith is a significant case as its followers came to span the globe in 150 years. This paper probes into the relationship between the faith's transnational spread and its religious cosmopolitanism in three parts. First, I outline the inseparability of ‘world citizenship’ from Bahá’í teachings. Second, I trace its spread in Singapore and Malaya – a process that initially relied on serendipitous encounters between travellers and migrants, one that I call ‘cosmopolitan convergences’. Third, I explore the expansion of the Bahá’í Faith among Malaya's Semai tribe. Here, Bahá’í world citizenship became grounded in collective cultural practices, facilitating what I call ‘situated religious cosmopolitanism’. The connection between the contrasting populations discussed in this paper demonstrates the potential of grounding religious networks within normative cosmopolitan ideals and practices.
Education and the making of mobile livelihoods: Dubai Indian families’ trajectories over time and space
Authors: Sancho David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how Indian migrant families in Dubai actively sustain mobile livelihoods across the Indian Ocean and beyond, paying attention to the role played by education in the unfolding of such migrant lives. This paper aims to nuance the experiences of Gulf migrants that have broadly focused on systemic vulnerabilities produced by the legal, economic and social structures encountered in Gulf destinations. This paper builds on the stories of three families from the southern Indian state of Kerala with diverse mobility trajectories over time and space, which is conceptualized in relation to the practice of specific livelihoods, focusing on the patterns and impacts of mobility at different life stages and across generations. Literature engaging with the migration‐education nexus, which reveals that education is an integral part of mobile livelihoods worldwide, provides an analytical backdrop. The paper shows distinct ways in which education forms a crucial part of complex agendas, informing family migration to and from the Gulf region. Furthermore, it captures how migrants’ educational agendas are continuously being adjusted in processes of migration, and how this relates to the ongoing transformation of individual and collective social identities and the remaking of mobile livelihoods.
Structural and functional age‐related changes in some facial signs of Chinese men: A pilot study
Authors: Ye Chengda , Flament Frederic , Wang Yang , Sun Hua , Yang Guancheng , Jiang Yanwen , Delaunay Caroline , Saint‐Léger Didier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to associate, on the same Chinese male subjects, changes in facial ageing signs with some biomechanical skin properties.MethodsThe severities of 20 facial ageing signs of 219 differently aged Chinese men (20–65 years) were graded in blind by trained experts through standardized photographs, using a referential skin Atlas dedicated to Asian men. On each subject, the mechanical properties were assessed on the cheek area (left or right at random) by the validated suction technique Cutometer®. Finally, the skin colour parameters were assessed on images from VISIA‐CR device.ResultsClinically speaking, the severity of almost all facial ageing signs increases from 30 to 65 years, in a linear‐like progression, whereas the 20–30 years shows weak increases. Skin colour shows slight but progressive decreases in Luminance and ITA, whereas the yellow and red components slightly increased between 40 and 65 years. At the exception of skin firmness, the skin mechanical properties show a clear decline during the 30–50 years period and plateau beyond.ConclusionThe present study suggests that the 20–30 years period, albeit more clinically ‘silent’ than the other periods of age, seems to be an age range during which early alterations of some dermal elements' onset. Deeper in vivo investigating techniques (Echography, Multiphotonic microscopy) are needed to confirm such hypothesis.
MEDIEVAL MATCHING MARKETS
Authors: Boerner Lars , Quint Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the regulation of brokerage in wholesale markets in premodern Central Western Europe. Examining 1,804 sets of rules from 82 cities, we find brokerage was primarily a centralized matchmaking mechanism. Brokerage was more common in towns with larger populations, better access to sea ports and trade routes, and greater political autonomy. Brokers' fee structures varied systematically: price‐based fees were more common for highly heterogeneous goods, quantity‐based fees for more homogeneous goods. We show theoretically that this was broadly consistent with total surplus maximization, and that brokerage was more valuable in markets with unequal numbers of buyers and sellers.
LinkedIn‐based assessments of applicant personality, cognitive ability, and likelihood of organizational citizenship behaviors: Comparing self‐, other‐, and language‐based automated ratings
Authors: Roulin Nicolas , Stronach Rhea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe compared self‐reports or test‐based assessments of personality, cognitive ability, and likelihood or tendencies to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) from experienced workers (targets, N = 154) with one approach to rate these traits based on LinkedIn profiles using hiring professionals (panel raters, N = 200), graduate students in Industrial‐Organizational Psychology (I‐O raters, N = 6), and automated assessments with the language‐based tool Receptiviti (for personality only). We also explored the potential for adverse impact associated with this approach of LinkedIn profile assessments and how profile elements are associated with ratings. Results demonstrated that raters can reliably assess personality, cognitive ability, and OCB with one‐item measures. LinkedIn showed little promise for valid assessments of personality (except some weak evidence for honesty‐humility) and OCB tendencies for all data sources. And, we only found modest evidence of convergent validity for cognitive ability. Automated assessments of personality with Receptiviti were more consistent with raters' assessments than targets' self‐reports. LinkedIn‐based hiring recommendations did also not differ on the basis of gender, race, or age. Finally, in terms of profile content, longer LinkedIn profiles with more professional connections, more skills listed, or including a professional picture were viewed more positively by both types of raters. But these content elements were largely unrelated to targets' self‐reports or test scores. Thus, organizations should be careful when relying on LinkedIn‐based assessments of applicants' traits.
Retrospective comparison of ultrasound guided percutaneous and open skeletal muscle biopsies
Authors: Mian Mueed , Lim Beng Ghee , Hossain Md Nassif , Wicks Ian , Day Jessica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOpen skeletal muscle biopsy has been the mainstay of sample retrieval in patients with suspected muscle diseases. However, this technique is limited by surgeon and theatre availability, potentially resulting in delayed diagnosis and increasing hospital stay.AimsTo compare the effectiveness and timeliness of ultrasound guided 14‐gauge needle percutaneous muscle biopsy in comparison with open biopsy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review on 19 inpatients who underwent ultrasound‐guided percutaneous muscle biopsy using a 14‐gauge needle and 19 consecutive inpatients who underwent open surgical muscle biopsy between January 2017 and June 2019. Patient demographics, length of stay, biopsy sample size and the correlation between histological and clinical diagnosis were compared between groups.ResultsThe median age of both groups was 64 years. Seventy‐nine percent of surgical patients were female compared with 58% who had percutaneous biopsy. Surgical biopsies yielded larger samples (median 864 mm3 vs 17 mm3, P = 0.03). While there was no difference in the length of inpatient stay (median 8 days), patients who had percutaneous biopsy had a shorter referral to procedure time (median 3 days vs 5 days, P = 0.012). Eighty‐four percent of patients underwent MRI prior to percutaneous muscle biopsy, whereas only 16% had imaging before surgical biopsy (P ≤ 0.001). Most surgical biopsies were performed on the quadriceps whereas a wide range of muscles were sampled using the percutaneous technique. Overall, the percutaneous muscle sample was non‐diagnostic in five cases (26%) despite a clinical diagnosis of myopathy. By comparison, two surgically obtained samples (11%) were non‐diagnostic.ConclusionUltrasound guided percutaneous muscle biopsies were performed faster and a wider range of muscles were targeted. However, this technique yielded smaller samples, which were non‐diagnostic in 26% of cases. Increasing the needle gauge or number of passes may improve the diagnostic yield of this technique.
The role of union health and safety representatives during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case study of the UK food processing, distribution, and retail sectors
Authors: Cai Minjie , Moore Sian , Ball Chris , Flynn Matt , Mulkearn Ken 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the weakness of the UK's occupational health and safety infrastructure exposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Utilising a political economy perspective, it captures the critical role of workplace union safety representatives in mitigating risk and contesting the expropriation of health and recommodification of labour, specifically inadequate sick pay.
Dynamic recrystallization during creep of proton‐conducting barium cerate perovskites
Authors: Jiménez‐Holgado Cristina , Jiménez‐Melendo Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUniaxial compression tests were conducted on perovskite‐structured barium cerate polycrystals doped with 5‐at.% yttrium and 5‐at.% ytterbium and submicrometric grain sizes, at temperatures between 1423 and 1573 K (0.70–0.78Tm) and different initial strain rates. In contrast to conventional superplastic ceramics, the stress–strain curves show a pronounced and smooth stress drop before the steady state is attained. The stress level and the associated strain at the peak of the curves increase with increasing the deformation rate or decreasing the temperature. This behavior is characteristic of metallic materials with dynamic recrystallization during deformation under warm and hot conditions. Microstructural observations have shown that preexisting twin boundaries, developed during cooling from the sintering temperature because of various crystal phase transformations, are critical in refining the grain structure through interactions with dislocations. The dependences of the peak, steady state, and critical stresses with strain rate and temperature in the present ceramics are adequately described by the constitutive equations used in metallic materials based on the Zener–Hollomon parameter and the work hardening rate.
In situ combustion synthesis of spherical Si@Si3N4 granules
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Fei , Dong Liran , Chen Zhanglin , Cui Wei , Du Songmo , Zhang Shijia , Chen Kexin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpherical Si@Si3N4 granules were first prepared by in situ combustion synthesis. The inside of the granules is dense without cracks, and the two phases at the interface are well‐bonded. More significantly, no binder was used between the Si3N4 grains on the surface layer, thereby avoiding phonons scattering of metal oxides. In addition, crystallographic orientation relationships between Si and Si3N4 were identified by coupling transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction technology, and much more potential matching planes are also predicted according to the edge‐to‐edge model. It was found that the minimization of the interfacial energy will promote the formation of a transition layer at the interface, leading to the well‐bonded between core and shell. On the basis of the observations, the underlying growth mechanism of the Si@Si3N4 was comprehensively analyzed and put forward. Benefiting from the remarkable merits, the as‐synthesized Si@Si3N4 granules showed great potential for alternative fillers in solving heat dissipation problems for electronic devices.
On the role of continuity in statistical nanoindentation of composite microstructures
Authors: Tuinukuafe Atolo , Cappola Jonathan , Amirkhanian Armen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe validity of the statistical nanoindentation (SNI) technique for cementitious materials has been questioned by numerous researchers; however, it is still a commonly used method in literature. This study revisits assumptions pertaining to continuum mechanics of the method by using a well‐established selective SNI method to evaluate continuity in the mechanical response of each indent. Ordinary portland cement (OPC) was investigated alongside a two‐phase aluminosilicate ceramic (Al–Si). Filtering for continuity of indents eliminated a majority of indents in each sample. The indents meeting continuity requirements in the OPC sample had moduli values in the range of documented calcium silicate hydrates and portlandite—the predominant hydration phases in OPC. In the Al–Si sample, 73% of continuous indents were assigned to a mullite phase, although the chemical analysis showed only 42% mullite. This was attributed to the embedded morphology of the mullite phase, which made it more susceptible to structural compliance. These observations suggest that SNI may be ineffective for measuring the mechanical properties of individual phases in a microstructure if they are not prolific enough to exhibit a continuous indent response. Discontinuous indents due to microstructural interaction between phases were also shown to have a potential influence on the number of clusters (i.e., phases) suggested by the deconvolution algorithms.