bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐D analytical magnetic model for optimal design of an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Vahaj Amir Abbas , Rahideh Akbar , Zamani Faradonbeh Vahid , Salehi Ali Reza , Ghaffari Alireza , Shahnazari Mostafa , Lubin Thierry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate the optimal design of a 120 W outer‐rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine for air‐conditioning applications to reduce the electricity consumption and machine costs. To this end, a 2‐D analytical magnetic model, combined with a teaching–learning based optimisation algorithm is employed. The objectives are to simultaneously maximise the machine efficiency and minimise the material cost. Constraints such as the required output torque, predefined machine volume, maximum allowable torque ripple and unbalanced magnetic force and limitations to avoid iron core magnetic saturation are imposed simultaneously. To find the flux density in iron parts, a new method based on the subdomain technique has been presented. To evaluate the analytical model in terms of accuracy and speed, the results of the 2‐D analytical approach are compared with those of the 2‐D and 3‐D linear/non‐linear finite element method. Finally, a prototype of the optimised machine is fabricated and the superiority of the presented approach is demonstrated.
Constant modulus shaped beam synthesis via linear fractional semidefinite relaxation
Authors: Dou Xiuquan , Hu Mengkai , Liu Qifan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcitation amplitude control is a critical issue regarding the shaped beam synthesis of array antennas. Ideally, excitations can have the same amplitude, and the desired beam can be achieved only by changing the phases. This method is called constant modulus synthesis, which can reduce the complexity of array antennas and is more conducive to the feeding, but it is really difficult to realize. In this paper, the authors derive a novel constant modulus beam synthesis algorithm, which uses the linear fractional semidefinite relaxation to relax the constant modulus constraints. Simulation results show that this method is stable and can maintain the excitation modulus while realizing the shaped beam.
Modeling the modulation characteristics of the Bradbury–Nielsen gate in ion mobility spectrometers
Authors: Guo Kaitai , Zhang Chong , Ni Kai , Wang Xiaohao 
Published: August 2022

The Bradbury–Nelson gate (BNG) is a common device used for ion control in time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). A dual-location control model was employed in order to better understand the behavior of ions around a modulated BNG. This model illustrated that the ions are released from the starting location and truncated at the cutoff location. The shapes of the starting and cutoff locations are both curved with similar curvature, and the cutoff location is situated further back. Therefore, the distance between the two locations is a key parameter leading to the ion loss during modulation and is influenced by the gating voltage difference. Through simulations and experiments, the ion loss is verified to increase with the increase in the gating voltage difference. Taking a Fourier transform IMS as an example, by reducing the gating voltage difference from 150 to 50 V, the signal-to-noise ratio of the time domain result was improved from 91.7 to 386.5 and the resolving power was improved from 40.9 to 63.6. In addition, the superposition effect of multicycle modulation is shown and explained by the model. When the modulated frequency is too rapid and the closing time is insufficient for all the ions to be consumed, some ions continue to exist between the two locations, and the residual ions then enter the drift region during the next few cycles. This phenomenon needs to be avoided because the total number of ions entering the drift region will then increase uncontrollably.
Absolute calibration of the conical crystal configuration of the zinc spectrometer (ZSPEC) at the OMEGA laser facility
Authors: Cordova T. , MacDonald M. J. , Döppner T. , Beg F. N. , Dozieres M. , Kozioziemski B. , Pablant N. A. , Sorce C. M. , Whiting N. G. 
Published: August 2022

In this study, we present the absolute calibration of the conical crystal for the zinc spectrometer (ZSPEC), an x-ray spectrometer at the OMEGA laser facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The ZSPEC was originally designed to measure x-ray Thomson scattering using flat or cylindrically curved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystals centered around Zn He-alpha emission at 9 keV. To improve the useful spectral range and collection efficiency of the ZSPEC, a conical highly annealed pyrolytic graphite crystal was fabricated for the ZSPEC. The conically bent crystal in the Hall geometry produces a line focus perpendicular to the spectrometer axis, corresponding to the detector plane of electronic detectors at large scale laser facilities such as OMEGA, extending the useful range of the spectrometer to 7–11 keV. Using data collected using a microfocus Mo x-ray source, we determine important characteristics of ZSPEC such as the dispersion, spatial resolution, and absolute sensitivity of the instrument. A ray-trace model of ZSPEC provides another point of agreement in calculations of the ZSPEC dispersion and crystal response.
Sensitivity and reproducibility of transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) ellipsometry
Authors: Martín Valderrama Carmen , Quintana Mikel , Martínez-de-Guerenu Ane , Yamauchi Tomoki , Hamada Yuki , Kurokawa Yuichiro , Yuasa Hiromi , Berger Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report a comprehensive experimental study to analyze the limiting factors and physical mechanisms that determine the achievable performance of transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) ellipsometry. Specifically, we explore different approaches to achieve high sensitivity and reduced acquisition times. The best sensitivity is observed for an incident light polarization with balanced s-p components. We also verify experimentally that the method’s theoretical description is accurately describing data for any s-p combination of the incoming light. Furthermore, two alternative measurement strategies are explored by using different measurement sequences for the polarization sensitive optics, which both achieve a very comparable, high quality of results. Signal-to-noise ratios and systematic deviations are measured and analyzed based on a large number of nominally identical measurement repeats, both for entire signal sequences as well as for individual Fourier components of the magneto-optical signal generated by a sinusoidal magnetic field sequence. Hereby, we observe that while higher order Fourier components have a significantly reduced signal amplitude and correspondingly exhibit reduced signal-to-noise and repeatability performance, signal-to-noise ratios always exceed values of 100 even for the lowest signal Fourier component and the lowest signal sample that we investigated, illustrating the extremely precise nature of T-MOKE ellipsometry.
A metamaterial based microfluidic sensor for permittivity detection of liquid
Authors: Qiu Zhikai , Xia Yu , Wang Baiyun , Hua Yujie , Li Weihan , Tang Wenxuan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetic (EM) behavior of a microwave sensor has specific relationship with the physical properties of the materials to be detected, e.g. the concentration of solution and the permittivity of gas. The microwave sensor can detect changes of EM response in real time, and obtain the material properties with low sample consumption, high efficiency and dispersion characteristics. This work presents a microfluidic sensor using spiral resonators and plasmonic metamaterials with confined EM fields for intensive resonance. Two microfluidic chips with spiral channels engraved in polydimethylsiloxane are also adopted to enhance the interaction between the EM fields and the carried liquids at resonance frequencies. The permittivity of liquid samples can be detected through the shift of resonance frequency. A prototype of the sensor is fabricated and tested with several regular solutions and organic solvents, showing a good performance in terms of low liquid consumption (8 μl), good sensitivity (410 MHz frequency offset when ϵr
changes from 1 to 36.7) and low cost.
β
−p and β−α decay of the 11Be neutron halo ground state
Authors: Okołowicz J , Płoszajczak M , Nazarewicz W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Beta-delayed proton emission from the neutron halo ground state of 11Be raised much attention due to the unusually high decay rate. It was argued that this may be due to the existence of a resonance just above the proton decay threshold. In this letter, we use the lenses of real-energy continuum shell model to describe several observables including the Gamow–Teller rates for the β
−-delayed α and proton decays, and argue that, within our model, the large β
−p branching ratio cannot be reconciled with other data.
Shubnikov-de Haas and de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in Czochralski grown CoSi single crystal
Authors: Sasmal Souvik , Dwari Gourav , Baran Maity Bishal , Saini Vikas , Thamizhavel A , Mondal Rajib 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anisotropic transport, Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH), and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) quantum oscillations studies are reported on a high-quality CoSi single crystal grown by the Czochralski method. Temperature-dependent resistivities indicate the dominating electron-electron scattering. Magnetoresistance (MR) at 2 K reaches 610% for

I

∥

[
111
]

and

B

∥

[01

1
ˉ

], whereas it is 500% for

I

∥

[01

1
ˉ

] and

B

∥

[
111
]

. A negative slope in field-dependent Hall resistivity suggests electrons are the majority carriers. The carrier concentration extracted from Hall conductivity indicates no electron–hole compensation. In 3D CoSi, the electron transport lifetime is found to be approximately in the same order as the quantum lifetime, whereas in 2D electron gas the long-range scattering drives the transport life much larger than the quantum lifetime. From MR and Hall SdH oscillations, the effective masses and Dingle temperatures have been calculated. The dHvA oscillation reveals three frequencies at 18 T (γ), 558 T (α) and 663 T (β), whereas, SdH oscillation results in only two frequencies α and β. The γ frequency observed in dHvA oscillation is a tiny hole pocket at the Γ point.
Synthesis and structural link to the electronic and magneto-transport properties of spin–orbit Mott insulator Sr2IrO4
Authors: Sharma Priyamedha , Singh Saurabh , Kuga Kentaro , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Bindu R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effect of sample preparation conditions on the link between the structural and physical properties of polycrystalline spin—orbit Mott insulator, Sr2IrO4. The samples were prepared in two batches. With the first batch prepared as per the commonly adopted procedure in literature and the second batch prepared adopting the same procedure as the first batch but with an additional annealing in vacuum. Interestingly, our results show that without change in the value of the Curie temperature (T
C
), there occurs increase in the value of magnetization, resistivity, magneto-resistance (MR) and an increase in temperature range of stabilization of the canted antiferromagnetic structure. The temperature behaviour of the difference in the irreversible magnetization between the samples is in line with the difference in the Ir–O–Ir in-plane bond angle. At low temperatures, the conduction mechanism in the first batch of the sample is mainly governed by disorder while in the case of the other sample it is of Arrhenius type. The magneto-transport results have shown its strong link with the disorder and structural results. Although the nature and mechanism of the disorder needs to be investigated further, the present results throw light on the role of disorder and its connectivity between the structure and physical properties to understand its complex behaviours.
Accurate segmentation of breast tumor in ultrasound images through joint training and refined segmentation
Authors: Shen Xiaoyan , Wu Xinran , Liu Ruibo , Li Hong , Yin Jiandong , Wang Liangyu , Ma He 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. This paper proposes an automatic breast tumor segmentation method for two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images, which is significantly more accurate, robust, and adaptable than common deep learning models on small datasets. Approach. A generalized joint training and refined segmentation framework (JR) was established, involving a joint training module (J

module
) and a refined segmentation module (R

module
). In J

module
, two segmentation networks are trained simultaneously, under the guidance of the proposed Jocor for Segmentation (JFS) algorithm. In R

module
, the output of J

module
is refined by the proposed area first (AF) algorithm, and marked watershed (MW) algorithm. The AF mainly reduces false positives, which arise easily from the inherent features of breast ultrasound images, in the light of the area, distance, average radical derivative (ARD) and radical gradient index (RGI) of candidate contours. Meanwhile, the MW avoids over-segmentation, and refines segmentation results. To verify its performance, the JR framework was evaluated on three breast ultrasound image datasets. Image dataset A contains 1036 images from local hospitals. Image datasets B and C are two public datasets, containing 562 images and 163 images, respectively. The evaluation was followed by related ablation experiments. Main results. The JR outperformed the other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on the three image datasets, especially on image dataset B. Compared with the SOTA methods, the JR improved true positive ratio (TPR) and Jaccard index (JI) by 1.5% and 3.2%, respectively, and reduces (false positive ratio) FPR by 3.7% on image dataset B. The results of the ablation experiments show that each component of the JR matters, and contributes to the segmentation accuracy, particularly in the reduction of false positives. Significance. This study successfully combines traditional segmentation methods with deep learning models. The proposed method can segment small-scale breast ultrasound image datasets efficiently and effectively, with excellent generalization performance.
Nanoscale active tuning of the second harmonic generation efficiency in semiconductors from super-low to gigantic values
Authors: Aşırım Özüm Emre , Kuzuoglu Mustafa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Second harmonic generation efficiency (SHGE) strongly depends on the length of the interaction material along the beam propagation axis. Since a nanoscale interaction length is considered too short even in the optical wavelength scale, the attained SHGE through nanomaterials is usually too low to be of practical use. In this study, it will be shown that by properly adjusting the conduction-band electron density in a semiconductor nanomaterial under a certain optical pumping rate (active tuning), the SHGE can be effectively tuned from being super-low to being ultra-high. Such sharp tunability is only valid for small-scale materials as their density of conduction-band electrons can be rapidly switched between high and low under moderate optical pumping. Using an experimentally verified computational model, we have observed that at a given frequency, for a certain range of conduction-band electron densities, the SHGE can reach up to 1080% for Ga-As and 230% for silicon nanomaterials under active tuning, with respect to the intensity of the first harmonic of the input signal. Such SHGEs are unprecedented, which is very promising for generating higher harmonics via cascaded second harmonic generation performed via adaptive tuning of the conduction band electron density at each stage.
High-resolution NMR and MALDI-MS molecular profiling of craft beers
Authors: Siciliano C , Procopio D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Beer is a complex aqueous mixture of organic and inorganic compounds, such as carbohydrates obtained from barley or wheat malts, hops and yeast, ethanol, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Phenols and their derivatives obtained by chemical interactions with biogenic amines, together superior alcohols and amino acids, are the other compounds present in minor proportions in beer, Phenolic components possess high antioxidant activities, and regulate the oxidative stability of beer, although bitterness of this beverage originates from hops. Since these antioxidants can produce beneficial effects on the human health after consumption, it is challenging to have in hand the molecular profiles of beers, in order to investigate their contents in bioactive compounds. Today, a significant number of small producers have strongly invested in craft beers, produced by using different hop blends, starting materials that are rich in phenolic antioxidants. The present work discloses an instrumental analytical method which enables the rapid obtainment of the molecular profiling of craft beers, with the assistance of selective extractions made by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this investigation, high-resolution 1H NMR, and LDMS and MS/MS analysis were applied for the “beeromic” analysis of a craft beer brewed in Calabria (the Southern part of Italy). The spectral data, confirmed that this kind of beer predominantly contains the hop bitter metabolites humolones and lupulones, also highlighting the presence of phenols and phenolamides which are known for their bioactivity against cancer. A profile of the principal volatile hop components was also obtained by GC-MS.
Tribological behaviour of a hyperlox coating deposited over nitrided martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Dalibon Eugenia L , Prieto Germán , Tuckart Walter R , Brühl Sonia P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Martensitic stainless steels are often used in machine components, where are exposed to different solicitations that require good surface properties. Different treatments such as plasma nitriding or coating deposition could be used to improve their wear and corrosion resistance, even combining both methods. In this work, the tribological behaviour of a TiAlN coating with a top layer of TiN, called ‘Hyperlox Gold’, deposited over both nitrided and non-nitrided martensitic stainless steels by PVD PEMS (Physical Vapour Deposition Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtering) was studied. Quenched and tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel was used as base material. A group of samples were plasma nitrided and were subsequently coated. Microstructure of the nitrided layer and the coating were analysed by SEM and XRD. Nanohardness was measured with a Berkovich tip. Wear behaviour was evaluated using pin-on-disk tests (ASTM G99 standard) under three different loads (5 N, 7 N and 10 N) with an alumina ball as a counterpart. Adhesion was evaluated using dynamic conditions such as variable load scratch test and under static condition with Rockwell indentation tests (using 60 kg, 100 kg, and 150 kg). Overall thickness of the coatings was 3.7 μm and their hardness about of 32 ± 2 GPa. The nitrided layer was about 10 μm thick, with a hardness of 17 ± 1 GPa. The coating had good mechanical resistance in sliding adhesive wear conditions under low loads and good adhesion was revealed in a static condition. The presence of a nitrided layer improved the wear behaviour under high loads and the adhesion in dynamic conditions. Critical load was higher for the duplex sample than the coated samples. This work is important for the development of the Argentinian industry where the use of coatings is not largely extended, especially with martensitic stainless steels as substrates.
Effect of iron powder content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3p/high manganese steel composites prepared by casting infiltration
Authors: Wei Shaosheng , Lu Dehong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Al2O3p/high-manganese steel-matrix composites were successfully fabricated by gravity casting infiltration, with iron powder added in the preforms to adjust the Al2O3p fraction. The effects of the iron powder content (38, 48, and 55 wt%) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. With the increase in the iron powder content in the preform, the Al2O3p fraction decreased (57–38 vol%), while the hardness and compressive strength of the composite gradually increased. The highest compressive strength was 1000.3 MPa (55-wt% iron powder). The highest work hardening rate (55-wt% iron powder) well reflected the synergistic effect between the matrix and reinforcement to prevent dislocation movement. The water glass binder formed thick interface layers between Al2O3p and matrix, which transformed the Al2O3/metal interface bonding from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding. A too thick interface layer deteriorated the mechanical properties of the composites.
Study on properties and biocompatibility of poly (butylene succinate) and sodium alginate biodegradable composites for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Xing Quansheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Providing better biodegradable materials for medical applications has always been an important premise for improving the therapeutic effect of clinical diseases. The Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and Sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared using melt blending technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS), mechanical properties, water contact angle, thermal properties, and in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity tests were determined to evaluate the properties of the composites with a varied SA proportion of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The FTIR and SEM-EDS results confirmed the successful preparation and microphase distribution of the composites. With the increasing in SA loading, the distribution of the filler became unevenly gradually from evenly, the Young’s modulus increased first and then decreased, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased gradually, the hydrophilicity, in vitro biodegradability increased, thermostability decreased, and the Tm, Tg, and crystallinity of the composites did not change significantly. The composite with 10% SA loading has uniform dispersion of the filler, the highest Young’s modulus (1091.21 MPa), mild hydrophilicity (θ = 88.40°), an adequate thermal processing temperature range (110 °C–200 °C), and has good biodegradability and biocompatibility with no significant deleterious impact on the cell membrane, lysosomal membrane, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cytoskeleton, or intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. It can be used as a biodegradable material for medical applications such as suture anchors.