bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological effects of white and coloured LED lighting for elderly people
Authors: Oe Y , Miura Y , Akuzawa Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the physiological stress effects of light colour on white and coloured LED lighting in the elderly people. The laboratory experiment was conducted on 19 elderly subjects and analysed using heart rate variability. The results showed that the 2700 K and 6500 K conditions, which significantly decreased HR and significantly increased HF, were considered to be relaxing tendencies. Based on the experimental results of previous studies, comparisons with young age groups showed that there were no differences in tendency according to light colour between age groups, but that the tendency to relax may be weakened in elderly people.
The circadian impact of computer monitors with different color configurations
Authors: Huguet-Ferran A , Kántor D , Hernández S , Garrido B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to find out if it is possible to achieve the circadian levels recommended by different published lighting guidelines using different color configurations in a text editor. By measuring 25 monitors of different sizes, the circadian impact is evaluated at a standard distance using two different parameters: Circadian Stimulus and Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance. After analyzing the results, we see that during the night Circadian Stimulus is, in most cases, within the recommended range, but the same is not true for Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance. In addition, the circadian impact of the f.lux software has been analyzed and compared with two different cases of color configurations in a text editor.
The school lighting innovation dilemma
Authors: Karlsson Tove , Kjellander Jonas , Machado Åsa , Strandberg Olle , Götlind Peter , Karlsson Reine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a qualitative descriptive case study that aims to build awareness about the need for improvement of the indoor environment in classrooms and to exemplify how renewal-oriented processes can be initiated. The study focuses on innovation processes that have resulted in both completely new designs and further spread of innovative solutions. The reason for the need to improve is that too many pupils and students have problems with concentration, relaxation and recuperation. The number of diagnoses such as Autism and ADHD is growing. One factor which significantly influences the pupil’s mental well-being is the daily physical environment. The single aspect which may be improved in reasonable time, at a reasonable cost, is the lighting design of classrooms. An underlying reason for the habit to continue installing insipid uniform static “light-carpets” is the lack of awareness about how lighting affects wellbeing and health. As with innovation in other industries, it is an innovation dilemma that the vast majority of the people who sell and procure classroom lighting tend to prefer the established solutions that they are used to. The article describes how Malmö’s early investment in Human Centric Lighting and the unique indoor environment of the Study hall in the Centre for Economic Sciences at Uppsala University are used as role models for lighting design in classrooms. The case study combines the authors’ own observations and earlier interviews with users. Malmö’s temporal light variation and parts of the Study hall’s lighting design are used in more than 30 classrooms, in Malmö, Stockholm Business School and Iggesund. The article concludes with suggestions on how today’s lighting design knowledge and technology can be combined to provide more advanced adaptations to the varying lighting needs of pupils, students and teachers.
Relationship between photon flow and the perception of light field under simple lighting environments
Authors: Kaira Otori , Komazawa Ken , Schregle Roland , Yoshizawa Nozomu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In our previous study we proposed a new method, “photon flow”, to visualise the light propagation in space. Theoretically the photon flow depicts the physically correct light distribution, however, it was yet unclear whether people could correctly read the physical light field in actual spaces by observing the photon flow. Therefore, in this study we verified the relationship between the light field perceived in the real space (visual light field) and the one estimated by observing the photon flow. The experiment was conducted using the method of a white sphere, on which shade represents the light field at that point. We clarified the characteristics of the perceived light field in a simple rectangular space with one spotlight or two. The perceived light field when observing the photon flow was basically similar to the physical light field when there is one spotlight in the space. However, under the more complex scene, the subjects sometimes could not predict the physical light field well when seeing the photon flow. Basically, the perceived light field when observing the photon flow was close to the visual light field than expected. In future work we would like to clarify under which conditions people can estimate the correct physical light field by observing the photon flow and compare the difference between experienced and naïve observers.
Amber is not yet the white knight for sustainable outdoor light
Authors: Radetsky L C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Non-white light (NWL), and specifically yellow-orange or amber light sources, are often posed as a solution for environmentally sensitive areas and for astronomical sky glow. Lighting requirements published by various institutions ranging from public advocacy groups to governmental regulators demonstrate little agreement on NWL spectral thresholds and metrics. A recent market and performance analysis of NWL policies and products found that current international guidelines are not aligned, the terminology currently used by the lighting industry is inconsistent, and NWL LED products would likely not meet performance requirements for luminaire efficacy or colour rendition set by existing certification bodies.
Optimizing exterior lighting illuminance and spectrum for human, environmental, and economic factors.
Authors: Simmons S M , Baur S , Gillis W , Burns D , Pickerill H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the recent widespread adoption of LED lighting in outdoor areas, numerous concerns have been raised about the potential for harmful effects on humans, animals, plants, and the night sky. These stem from the high blue light content of some LED bulbs and an incentive to increase lighting levels caused by higher efficiency and lower costs. While new lighting installations are often described as environmentally friendly due to their energy efficiency, factors such as light pollution are often neglected or not given enough weight. This research focuses on optimizing the design of exterior lighting for human, environmental, and economic factors using a multi-criteria decision analysis. Based on data in the literature and survey research, illuminance and spectrum alternatives were scored relative to each other using the analytic hierarchy process and multi-attribute utility theory. The findings of this study support the use of artificial illumination at levels similar to a full moon (0.01 fc) and a warm white spectrum (2700K or 2200K), with amber LED becoming a better choice if its energy efficiency and cost effectiveness improve in the future. This methodology can be used in the future as a framework for lighting design optimization in different settings.
Light and emotions. The importance of context
Authors: León O Y Vara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to determine if lighting can help triggering emotions in the inhabitants, and if so, if it can be achieved through design. For this, a literature review of several authors, such as Sztulwark, Rose, Chaves, Lozoya and Crilly among others was needed. This was seen through an interdisciplinary approach where several concepts were translated to the lighting design field, built from others, and linked to make them useful for this purpose. The understanding of this concepts will help as a tool to understand the relation between lighting and emotions. Concepts such as context, artifact, use and function will take an important role. Subjects such as communication and the importance of language, as well as the inhabitant’s interpretation of the space and its lighting will be touched. Light will be treated as a material and lighting as an artifact with which the inhabitant has a direct contact. The relation of lighting and emotions will be seen differently than that of a direct action-reaction. It was found that the thoroughly understanding of context was the link between light and emotions that should be understood and worked, although the expected result will not always be successful.
Universal lighting design: Towards sustainable lighting solutions that support function, experience and human diversity
Authors: Nielsen SL , Ryhl C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces the principle of Universal design into the field of lighting design by pointing to and discussing their shared understandings of human diversities, and how functionality as well as experiencing are equally important aspects of designs. This introduction is initialized by the presentation of a thematic analysis of an ethnographic field study investigating how midwives practice and experience lighting in the delivery room during childbirth. Taking on a phenomenological approach, the analysis showcases how lighting both serves a tool to support functional medical practices, and as a tool to affect sensory experiences in the delivery room. As such, the analysis serves to integrate understandings of lighting having both functional effects and experiential significance, in addition to pointing out diverse and changing sensitivities to lighting. In this regard, the paper aims to initialize further discussions about how the principle of Universal design may serve as a tool to address and support the quality and sustainability of lighting designs, by embracing human practices, experiences, and differences - leaving no one behind.
Investigation of microstructure and tribological properties of titanium-aluminide reinforced aluminum matrix composite friction surfaced on AA1050 aluminum
Authors: Jamshidi Aval Hamed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the microstructure and wear resistance of titanium-aluminide reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy matrix composite friction surfaced on AA1050 aluminum were investigated. The titanium-aluminide reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy matrix composite was fabricated using a semi-solid casting procedure at 630 °C. The results show that by increasing the consumable rod rotational speed from 800 to 1200 rpm, the width and height of the coating increased 15 and 16%, respectively, reaching 21.4 and 1.4 mm, respectively. The findings on the coating grain size show that the effect of plastic strain is dominant over the effect of temperature. Therefore, the coating grain size decreased by increasing plastic strain. By increasing the rotation speed from 800 to 1200 rpm, the coating hardness and shear strength values increase from 121.6 to 136.3 HV and 262.2 to 274.3 MPa, respectively. Also, the titanium-aluminide reinforcement does not have much effect on the thermal stability of the coating. After artificial aging heat treatment, TiAl intermetallic compounds, in addition to the Ti3Al intermetallic compounds, are formed in the coating. By applying the coating at a rotational speed of 1200 rpm, a traverse speed of 125 mm min−1, and an axial feeding rate of 75 mm min−1, the wear resistance of the substrate increased by up to 151%, respectively.
Fractography analysis into low-C steel undergone through various destructive mechanical tests
Authors: Dewangan Saurabh , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Karthikeyan B , Chadha Utkarsh , Singhal Prakrit , Sarma Partha Pratim , Raju P Venkateshwar , Kumar Uday , Pradeep Kumar M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work deals with a critical fractographic analysis into low carbon (0.18%-C) steel samples which were used for three different mechanical tests: tensile test; shear test; and toughness test. These mechanical tests were performed in standard sized specimens as recommended by ASTM. In each category of test, there were two different specimens with different physical states according to heat treated conditions. First specimen was in ‘as received’ condition and another was annealed. For annealing, sample was first heated up to austenitic temperature and inserted inside the sand for slow rate of cooling. As these two categories of samples were undergone through destructive tests, the variation in fracture behaviour of the samples was analysed by FESEM, XRD. A significant variation in fractographic images could be observed in different heat-treated samples. Micro-pores, dimples, cleavage facet, peaks, valleys, and cave formation were observed in the samples.
Surface plasmon resonance of the W nanowires
Authors: Zhu Linpeng , Gao Jianjun , Gu Wei , Zhang Fenfei , Geng Haibin , Xu Jiaxing , Liu Zhiyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal materials has been widely used in photocatalysis, light sensing, biomarkers, solar cells and other fields. In this study, the surface plasmon characteristics of tungsten (W) nanowires with different diameters and lengths are analyzed using the finite element method. The thermal effect in the gap of crossed nanowires induced by the plasma resonance is studied. Results show that the resonance peak shifts red, and the resonance intensity increases with the increase in diameter. The increasing diameter results in decreasing electric field intensity and heat in the gap of the crossed tungsten (W) nanowires. The frequency of resonance peaks almost remains unchanged with increasing length. The two to six wave belly plasma modes are visible with increasing nanowire length. With exposure to incident light, the SPR in the shortened spacing results in increasing electric field intensity and the generated heat of gap between the two crossed tungsten (W) nanowires. Once the two crossed nanowires are welded, the heat production in the crossed part decreases, which indicates the self-limitation of plasma welding.
State-of-the-art catalysts for clean fuel (methyl esters) production—a comprehensive review
Authors: Jamil Farrukh , Saleem Muhammad , Ali Qamar Obaid , Khurram M Shahzad , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H , Inayat Abrar , Akhter Parveen , Hussain Murid , Rafiq Sikander , Yim Hyunji , Park Young-Kwon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere has been growing and recent interest in using non-edible feedstocks, such as waste animal fats, as an alternative to vegetable oils in biodiesel production to address the food versus fuel debate. Waste animal fats are cost effective and yield good quality biodiesel. Therefore, waste animal fats are appealing and excellent feedstocks to produce biodiesel. Commercially, the biodiesel is obtained by transesterification reaction of triglycerides present in oil/fat with alcohol in the presence of homogeneous base catalysts. However, free fatty acids found in low-quality oil feedstocks are particularly sensitive to homogeneous base catalysts, necessitating extra acid pretreatment and neutralization procedures that not only raise the overall expense of producing biodiesel but also create environmental contamination. Optimistically, the use of solid catalysts can offer an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and practical route for the manufacture of biodiesel from inexpensive oil feedstocks, including waste animal fat. The present review article covers catalyzed transesterification/esterification using various catalysts with particular focus on the use of heterogeneous catalysts when using waste animal fat as feedstock for biodiesel production. In particular, the properties of biodiesel obtained from waste animal fats are also compared to the biodiesel properties of standard organizations, such as the European Committee for Standardization (ISO) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Moreover, this paper also offers future research directions that can direct researchers to fill in knowledge gaps impeding the creation of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for long-term biodiesel generation. To the best of our knowledge, the valorization of waste animal fats from slaughterhouses is not feasible and has some techno-economic concerns. However, this technology is more desirable considering the environmental point of view to address the pollution problems caused by these wastes.
Hilbert’s programme, the human mind, and computers
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to explore some of the philosophical implications of Gödel’s theorem. One of these concerns the threat that Gödel’s theorem poses to Hilbert’s programme: given an axiomatization comprising statements about the infinite, Gödel’s theorem seems to preclude any demonstration of its consistency that is not question-begging in the very way in which Hilbert’s programme requires it not to be. An argument is given that, while this does not constitute a decisive refutation of Hilbert’s programme, it does make any defence of Hilbert’s programme very precarious. It also illustrates how self-conscious reflection on our own mathematical practices can lead to new mathematical insights. This in turn prompts discussion of the Lucas-Penrose argument, according to which Gödel’s theorem shows that the human mind, in its capacity to think self-consciously beyond any given axiomatization of arithmetic, has powers beyond those of any possible computer. Various responses to the Lucas-Penrose argument are considered. These fall broadly into two categories: those according to which it is guilty of downgrading computers; and those according to which it is guilty of upgrading the human mind. The chapter concludes by declaring that the Lucas-Penrose argument is an attempt to locate the significance of Gödel’s theorem other than where it really lies.
Making sense in and of mathematics
Authors: Moore A. W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to address a challenge posed by Gödel’s theorem. Whatever basic principles and rules we are exposed to when learning arithmetical vocabulary, Gödel’s theorem seems to entail that they cannot determine the truth of certain arithmetical statements whose truth we can nevertheless acknowledge, the most notable example being a statement corresponding to a statement of their consistency. The challenge is to account for our capacity to pass from such basic principles and rules to an acknowledgement of the truth of such a statement. The response given to the challenge is that what happens when we learn arithmetical vocabulary is no different in principle from what happens when we learn any other vocabulary—what we are exposed to always has infinite potential for further extension—but that this is unproblematical because our capacity to make shared sense of things ensures that we can see the infinite potential in what we are exposed to without its being played out. Gödel’s theorem merely gives a technical twist to something non-technical and quite pervasive concerning language, meaning, and understanding. The chapter concludes by highlighting Gödel numbering as an illustration of such infinite potential.
How things went wrong
Authors: Williams Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most created things ‘do the truth’ by nature, incurring neither praise nor blame, but simply being what God created them to be and doing what God created them to do. But rational natures—angels and human beings—have a capacity that Anselm calls ‘the will’ by which they have an agency of their own: they can act in ways that are not entirely determined by the nature that God has given them. Anselm believes that, from the beginning, some rational creatures abandoned the truth, and he seeks to discover what has to be true about creatures, and about God, in order for such a fall to be possible and for the blame to fall squarely on the creatures themselves and in no way on their Creator. Anselm focuses on the fall of the angels as a philosophically ‘clean’ case (since the angels faced only a single primal choice, had the full enjoyment of their natural powers, and were in no way burdened by inherited sin and weakness). He concludes that in order for both the good and the bad angels to be truly the originator of their own actions, and therefore praiseworthy or blameworthy, God must have given them two basic kinds of motivation—a disposition to choose what would make them happy, and a disposition to choose what is right or just—along with the capacity to determine which of those motivations they would act on.
Microbiomes and infectious disease
Authors: Douglas Angela E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how the microbiome may influence the susceptibility of animals and plants to infectious diseases. Certain resident microorganisms can synthesize antimicrobial products that specifically target pathogens, while others release compounds that modulate the activity of the host immune system. These effects are most clearly demonstrated for the gut microorganisms of animals, but members of the skin microbiome are also protective, promoting wound healing; and the microbial communities associated with plant roots can defend plants against fungal diseases. Under certain circumstances, however, the resident microbiome can exacerbate infectious diseases, notably some viral infections of the gut. This chapter also considers how the microbiome in insects can affect the capacity of the insect to vector disease agents. Members of the gut microbiome and an internal bacterium called Wolbachia can suppress the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit the virus that causes dengue fever and the agent of malaria.
Plant microbiomes in agriculture and food production
Authors: Douglas Angela E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how the knowledge of plant microbes is being used to augment soils and plants with microorganisms that promote sustainable crop production. The underground network of mycorrhizal fungi can promote nutrient acquisition and growth of plants, including crops in no-till or low-till agricultural systems. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, particularly the rhizobia in the root nodules of legume crops, promotes plant production under low-nitrogen conditions, and other nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with roots are also potentially beneficial. Many plant growth-promoting bacteria do not fix nitrogen, and they function by making soil nutrients more available to the plant roots, and by the production of plant hormones that promote root growth. Extensive research is focusing on identifying microbial strains and agricultural practices that optimize the reliability of microbiome-based technologies in crop production.