bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CPHEN‐014: Comprehensive phenotyping of mouse regulatory T cells relevant to viral infections
Authors: Chen Qian , Benamar Mehdi , Chan Tsz Man Fion , Wang Muyun , Chatila Talal A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that enforce peripheral immune tolerance. Treg cells act to suppress exuberant immune responses, limit inflammation, and promote tissue repair, thereby maintaining homeostasis and tolerance to self‐antigens and those of the commensal microbial flora. Treg cells are characterized by the expression of the master regulator Foxp3, which plays a major role in Treg cells development and function. Under inflammatory conditions, Foxp3+ Treg cells may acquire effector T cell programs that modify their phenotype and function, reflecting their plasticity. During microbial infections, Treg cells act to limit the immunopathology triggered by the host immune response to pathogens albeit at the potential risk of pathogen persistence. In this review, we will discuss the influence of Treg cells on the outcome of viral infection and will give an overview of the Treg phenotype at steady‐state and in inflammatory conditions.
Observed shyness leads to more automatic imitation in early childhood
Authors: MacGowan Taigan L. , Mirabelli James , Obhi Sukhvinder S. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe authors investigated children's automatic imitation in the context of observed shyness by adapting the widely used automatic imitation task (AIT). AIT performance in 6‐year‐old children (N = 38; 22 female; 71% White) and young adults (17–22 years; N = 122; 99 female; 32% White) was first examined as a proof of concept and to assess age‐related differences in responses to the task (Experiment 1). Although error rate measures of automatic imitation were comparable between children and adults, children displayed less reaction time interference than adults. Children's shyness coded from direct behavioral observations was then examined in relation to AIT scores (Experiment 2). Observed shyness at 5 years old predicted higher automatic imitation one year later. We discuss the latter findings in the context of an adaptive strategy. We argue that shy children may possess a heightened sensitivity to others’ motor cues and therefore are more likely to implicitly imitate social partners’ actions. This tendency may serve as a strategy to signal appeasement and affiliation, allowing for shy children to blend in and feel less inhibited in a social environment.
Regiodivergent Synthesis of Benzothiazole‐Based Isosorbide Imidates by Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Ragno Daniele , De Risi Carmela , Massi Alessandro , Di Carmine Graziano , Toldo Sofia , Leonardi Costanza , Bortolini Olga 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐promoted regiodivergent protocol for exo (2‐OH) and endo (5‐OH) isosorbide (IS) imidates synthesis is described. The disclosed strategy allows the straightforward synthesis of monoimidate‐isosorbides (MIIs) endowed with the biologically relevant benzothiazole (BTA) moiety under mild oxidative conditions, starting from easy‐accessible aldimines. Process optimization encompassed the use of stoichiometric diquinone as well as atmospheric oxygen as oxidant species, focusing on reaction dichotomy between oxidative and oxygenative pathways. The reaction scope was investigated on a representative selection of BTA‐containing aldimines and further extended to congeners bearing different biologically pivotal N‐heterocyclic rings (benzoxazole, thiazole and isoxazole), observing good levels of yield (up to 87 %) and regioselectivity (exo/endo up to 10.0; endo/exo up to 7.0). Furthermore, the employment of an immobilized‐NHC under heterogeneous conditions was assessed, showing satisfactory selectivity towards exo‐MIIs (exo/endo=3.8). Overall, the methodology presented provided an unprecedented collection of high value‐added products with potential applications in different fields.
Investigating the potential of lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 material for solar cell applications: A theoretical study
Authors: Raj Abhishek , Kumar Manish , Kumar Arvind , Laref Amel , Anshul Avneesh 
Published: May 2022

SummaryRecently, Silver‐Bismuth based lead‐free double perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have established their significance as a possible substitute for lead‐based absorber in the PSCs due to its higher stability and nontoxic properties. In the present work, lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 compound has been used as an absorber in the layered structure of PSC. This compound has been studied in details for its physical properties (electronic and optical) using the first principle calculation. Additionally, a lead‐free PSC is designed in SACPS‐1D simulation software with cell configuration of FTO/TiO2/Cs2AgBiBr6/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Au and studied for its various parameters useful for its applications in PSCs. Initially, the device is optimized under experimental counterpart to validate the simulation study and further various other material parameters such as band‐gap, defect density, thickness of absorber, series resistance and operating temperature are optimized to deliver improved performance. The final optimized lead‐free double PSCs exhibited power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.68%, open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.90 V, current density (JSC) of 11.09 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 66.61%. Further, different ETLs such as TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, IGZO and PCBM are simulated with proposed device configuration and found TiO2 and SnO2 as suitable ETL candidate for Cs2AgBiBr6 based lead‐free PSCs.
Green synthesis of Size‐Controlled copper oxide nanoparticles as catalysts for H2 production from industrial waste aluminum
Authors: Amrani Mokhtar Ali , Alrafai H. A. , Al‐nami Samar Y. , Obeidat Firas , Alwahbani Fawaz , Alhammadi Mohammed A. , Qasem Ammar 
Published: May 2022

SummaryExtensive research and development in the processes of production and generation of hydrogen are needed to make renewable hydrogen cost‐competitive with fossil hydrogen. As a result, developing hydrogen energy from low‐cost components and synthesizing it from renewable resources is an important issue that can be considered a global challenge. The current research provided a continuous H2 energy production from waste aluminum in a water medium using copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) as catalysts in the reaction. CuO NPs have been prepared by a green, easy, inexpensive, and systematic method using Catha edulis L. (Khat) extract as reducing and capping agents. Separately, CuO NPs prepared in an alkaline media using the conventional hydrothermal process have been described and reported for comparison. Multidisciplinary tools were used to characterize the powders for structural, morphological, and surface aspects. CuO NPs were homogeneous, well‐dispersed, and have fine diameters with an average of 6 nm, owing to the abundant biomolecules in the plant extract. The synthesized samples were utilized as catalysts for H2 production from industrial waste aluminum with a 1/0.02 ration of Al/CuO by weight. The primary results revealed a higher H2 production yield and rapid rate in alkaline than acidic mediums. Under all conditions, the CuO NPs prepared from the extract had better catalytic activity than those prepared by a conventional method. The results proved that the reaction temperature prompts the reaction kinetics more than other parameters. The optimum H2 yield could be optimized at a temperature of 70°C, 1/50 ratio of CuO/waste Al, and near‐neutral solutions. The above conditions are ideal for designing a continuous production reactor. The hydrogen generated using industrial waste aluminum in the present system is a cost‐effective and sustainable approach.
Health degradation assessment of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on multi‐model probability fusion
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu Wenchao , Xie Changjun , Du Banghua , Zhao Bo , Deng Zhanfeng , Li Yang , Shi Ying , Li Weibo , Zhang Leiqi , Song Jie 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe existing impedance estimation methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on single equivalent circuit model (ECM) cannot accurately measure electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at all times in the future or in the whole frequency range, which affects the accuracy of state‐of‐health (SOH) estimation with EIS as aging index. Therefore, a novel health assessment approach based on multi‐model probability fusion is proposed for improving the accuracy and reliability of SOH estimation. Five typical ECMs are selected to describe PEMFC, and chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm with dynamic inertia weight (DIW‐CPSO) is used for identifying the model parameters. The parameters related to aging are extracted for predicting the SOH, and Bayesian theorem‐based multi‐model probability approach is adopted to calculate the optimal weights of synthesizing the SOHs estimated by the five ECMs. This approach is applied to real EIS data sets of Stack FC at current 20A, 45A and 70A. The results show that the EIS estimation results of the proposed approach have better performance in the sense of root mean square error and Euclidean error. The accuracies of SOH evaluation are 46.38%, 28.69% and 10.94% higher than the single ECM respectively, and have higher accuracy compared with previous studies.
Improving the performance of recovered lead oxide powder from waste lead paste as active material for lead‐acid battery
Authors: Li Jiangmin , Cao Jing , Chen Zhengyang , Yu Jiajia , Zhang Junfeng , Chen Biao , Wu Lei , Zhou Shengquan , Rao Yanzhao 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIt is a very green process to recover lead resources from waste lead‐acid batteries for remanufacturing lead‐acid batteries but recovered lead oxide from waste lead‐acid battery as active electrode material often exhibits poor performance. In this paper, HRPSoC (high rate charged) cycle life can be greatly improved by adding two kinds of nanometer lead sulfate carbon composite material into the anode material prepared from recovered lead oxide powder. PbSO4/Pb@CB (PPC) and PbSO4/Pb@MC (PMC) composite material have a multistage porous/mesoporous structure to provide a reaction site of Pb deposition and to increase the electrochemical active area of lead‐carbon electrode, which improves the circulation reversibility. The resulting HRPSoC of lead‐acid battery of PPC and PMC battery is 45 957 and 6767 cycles, which are 15.5 and 2.8 times that of a blank battery (2960), respectively. The proposed research provides a promising strategy for directly using active substances of recycled lead powder for lead‐acid batteries which greatly benefit to lead resource recycling.
Stochastic configuration network based on improved whale optimization algorithm for nonstationary time series prediction
Authors: Chen Zi‐yu , Xiao Fei , Wang Xiao‐kang , Deng Min‐hui , Wang Jian‐qiang , Li Jun‐Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe stochastic configuration network (SCN), a type of randomized learning algorithm, can solve the infeasible problem in random vector functional link (RVFL) by establishing a supervisory mechanism. The advantages of fast learning, convergence and not easily falling into local optima make SCN popular. However, the prediction effect of SCN is affected by the parameter settings and the nonstationarity of input data. In this paper, a hybrid model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA), and SCN is proposed. The SCN will predict relatively stable data after decomposition by VMD, and parameters of SCN are optimized by IWOA. The IWOA diversifies the initial population by employing logistic chaotic map based on bit reversal and improves the search ability by using Lévy flight. The exploration and exploitation of IWOA are superior to those of other optimization algorithms in multiple benchmark functions and CEC2020. Moreover, the proposed model is applied to the prediction of the nonstationary wind speeds in four seasons. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model using four evaluation indicators. The results show that the R2 of the proposed model under four seasons are more than 0.999, and the root mean square error, mean absolute error, and symmetric mean absolute percentage error are less than 0.3, 0.17, and 13%, respectively, which are almost 1/10, 1/10, and 1/4 those of SCN, respectively.
Are internally consistent forecasts rational?
Authors: Tian Jing , Doko Tchatoka Firmin , Goodwin Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEconomic forecasts, such as the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF), are revised multiple times before realization of the target. This paper studies the sources of forecast revisions. By decomposing the fixed‐event forecast error into a rational component due to unanticipated future shocks and an irrational component due to measurement error in acquired information or forecasters' reactions, we derive the conditions under which fixed‐event forecasts that contain an irrational forecast error can still possess the second moment properties of rational forecasts. We show that internal consistency of fixed‐event forecasts depends on the magnitude of the rational and irrational components in the revisions. As such, fixed‐event forecasts subject to irrational error may still be internally consistent, although they are not rational, as evidence in many empirical studies. We illustrate our methodology with the SPF inflation forecasts data. Our results show evidence of a sizeable and heterogeneous irrational forecast error component across forecast horizons and a high irrational‐to‐news ratio for most forecasters. This finding also provides insight into why forecast revision effort is not always fully compensated by revision reward.
Long‐term priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with energy balance disturbances under diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Fernández‐Arjona María del Mar , León‐Rodríguez Ana , Grondona Jesús M. , López‐Ávalos María D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExposure of microglia to an inflammatory environment may lead to their priming and exacerbated response to future inflammatory stimuli. Here we aimed to explore hypothalamic microglia priming and its consequences on energy balance regulation. A model of intracerebroventricular administration of neuraminidase (NA, which is present in various pathogens such as influenza virus) was used to induce acute neuroinflammation. Evidences of primed microglia were observed 3 months after NA injection, namely (1) a heightened response of microglia located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus after an in vivo inflammatory challenge (high fat diet [HFD] feeding for 10 days), and (2) an enhanced response of microglia isolated from NA‐treated mice and challenged in vitro to LPS. On the other hand, the consequences of a previous NA‐induced neuroinflammation were further evaluated in an alternative inflammatory and hypercaloric scenario, such as the obesity generated by continued HDF feeding. Compared with sham‐injected mice, NA‐treated mice showed increased food intake and, surprisingly, reduced body weight. Besides, NA‐treated mice had enhanced microgliosis (evidenced by increased number and reactive morphology of microglia) and a reduced population of POMC neurons in the basal hypothalamus. Thus, a single acute neuroinflammatory event may elicit a sustained state of priming in microglial cells, and in particular those located in the hypothalamus, with consequences in hypothalamic cytoarchitecture and its regulatory function upon nutritional challenges.
Perioperative intravenous iron to treat patients with fractured hip surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sinclair Rhona C. F. , Bowman Miranda J. A. , Moppett Iain K. , Gillies Michael A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of preoperative anemia with intravenous iron is common within elective surgical care pathways. It is plausible that this treatment may improve care for people with hip fractures many of whom are anemic because of pre‐existing conditions, fractures, and surgery.ObjectiveTo review the evidence for intravenous iron administration on outcomes after hip fracture.DesignWe followed a predefined protocol and conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the use of intravenous iron to treat anemia before and after emergency hip fracture surgery. The planned primary outcome was a difference in length of stay between those treated with intravenous iron and the control group. Other outcomes analyzed were 30‐day mortality, requirement for blood transfusion, changes in quality of life, and hemoglobin concentration on discharge from the hospital.Data SourcesEMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL, DARE) databases, Clinicaltrials.gov, and ISRCTN trial registries. Date of final search March 2022.Eligibility CriteriaAdult patients undergoing urgent surgery for hip fracture. Studies considered patients who received intravenous iron and were compared with a control group.ResultsFour randomized controlled trials (RCT, 732 patients) and nine cohort studies (2986 patients) were included. The RCTs were at low risk of bias, and the nonrandomized studies were at moderate risk of bias. After metanalysis of the RCTs there was no significant difference in the primary outcome, length of hospital stay, between the control group and patients receiving intravenous iron (mean difference: −0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]; −1.20 to 0.03; I2 = 30%, p = 0.23). Intravenous iron was not associated with a difference in 30‐day mortality (n = 732, OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.62−2.1; I2 = 0%, p = 0.50), nor with the requirement for transfusion (n = 732, OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.63−1.14; I2 = 0%, p < 0.01) in the analyzed RCTs. Functional outcomes and quality of life were variably reported in three studies.ConclusionThe evidence on the use of intravenous iron in patients with hip fracture is low quality and shows no difference in length of acute hospital stay and transfusion requirements in this population. Improved large, multicentre, high‐quality studies with patient‐centered outcomes will be required to evaluate the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of this treatment.
Different human papillomavirus types share early natural history transitions in immunocompetent women
Authors: Adebamowo Sally N. , Befano Brian , Cheung Li C. , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Demarco Maria , Rydzak Greg , Chen Xiaojian , Porras Carolina , Herrero Rolando , Kim Jane J. , Castle Philip E. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Kreimer Aimée R. , Schiffman Mark , Campos Nicole G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNecessary stages of cervical carcinogenesis include acquisition of a carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) type, persistence associated with the development of precancerous lesions, and invasion. Using prospective data from immunocompetent women in the Guanacaste HPV Natural History Study (NHS), the ASCUS‐LSIL Triage Study (ALTS) and the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT), we compared the early natural history of HPV types to inform transition probabilities for health decision models. We excluded women with evidence of high‐grade cervical abnormalities at any point during follow‐up and restricted the analysis to incident infections in all women and prevalent infections in young women (aged <30 years). We used survival approaches accounting for interval‐censoring to estimate the time to clearance distribution for 20 529 HPV infections (64% were incident and 51% were carcinogenic). Time to clearance was similar across HPV types and risk classes (HPV16, HPV18/45, HPV31/33/35/52/58, HPV 39/51/56/59 and noncarcinogenic HPV types); and by age group (18‐29, 30‐44 and 45‐54 years), among carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic infections. Similar time to clearance across HPV types suggests that relative prevalence can predict relative incidence. We confirmed that there was a uniform linear association between incident and prevalent infections for all HPV types within each study cohort. In the absence of progression to precancer, we observed similar time to clearance for incident infections across HPV types and risk classes. A singular clearance function for incident HPV infections has important implications for the refinement of microsimulation models used to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of novel prevention technologies.
Survival, cost and added therapeutic benefit of drugs granted early access through the French temporary authorization for use program in solid tumors from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Pham Fiona Y.‐V. , Jacquet Emmanuelle , Taleb Amina , Monard Adrien , Kerouani‐Lafaye Ghania , Turcry Florence , Brunel Liora , Grudé Françoise , Yoldjian Isabelle , Sainte‐Marie Isabelle , Boudali Lotfi , Blay Jean‐Yves , Albin Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDecisions on market authorization (MA) and reimbursement have different durations across countries because of health technology assessment (HTA) procedures and negotiations between manufacturers and national authorities. To overcome this delay, France has implemented a Temporary Authorization for Use (ATU) program that allows early access to drugs before MA, in order to treat patients with unmet medical needs. The objectives of our study were to establish the added therapeutic benefit (ATB) of ATUs for solid tumors and to investigate the correlations between three tools evaluating ATB and survival outcomes and drug costs. Data on ATUs granted from January 2009 to December 2019 to treat solid tumors were analyzed. An assessment of their ATB was conducted using the American Society of Clinical Oncology‐Value Framework (ASCO‐VF), the European Society for Medical Oncology‐Magnitude Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO‐MCBS) and the French HTA criterion, clinical added value (CAV). The latter score determines reimbursement and national market access. Thirty‐five drugs in 39 indications were granted ATUs. All of them obtained MA and derived a clinical benefit to be reimbursed by the Social Security. Twenty‐eight (71.8%) had CAV compared to preexisting therapies. 24/38 (63.2%) had a 4‐5 ESMO‐MCBS score and 19/33 (57.6%) had an ASCO‐VF score over 45. No correlations were found between cost, PFS, OS, CAV and ASCO‐VF score, while high ESMO‐MCBS scores were correlated to OS. In conclusion, many patients were treated with innovations before MA thanks to ATU, although there are discrepancies between ATB scales, hence the importance of international collaboration in the evaluation of innovative therapies.
Electrical signals regulate the release of insulin from electrodeposited chitosan composite hydrogel: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Tong Jun , Liu Hongyu , Qi Luhe , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin , Shi Xiaowen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrical signal controlled drug release from polymeric drug delivery system provides an efficient way for accurate and demandable drug release. In this work, insulin was loaded on inorganic nanoplates (layered double hydroxides, LDHs) and coated on a copper wire by co‐electrodeposition with chitosan. The formed structure in chitosan composite hydrogel entrapped insulin efficiently, which were proved by various techniques. In addition, the drug loaded chitosan composite hydrogel demonstrated good biocompatibility as suggested by cell attachment. In vitro drug release experiment showed fast responsive pulsed release of insulin by biasing electrical signals. The in vivo experiment in diabetic rats revealed controllable insulin release in plasma and stable decrease of blood glucose can be achieved by using appropriate electrical signal. In addition, HE staining suggested negligible effect to the tissue by electrical signals. This work suggests that the electrical signal controlled insulin release from chitosan composited hydrogel may be a promising administration route for insulin.