bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Reform Outcomes and Accelerated Regulatory Pathways for New Prescription Medicines in Australia
Authors: Yoffe Alina , Liu Johnson , Smith Greg , Chisholm Orin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNational Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) globally are facing the challenge of evaluating pharmaceutical products in a speedy manner, whilst simultaneously ensuring adequate efficacy, safety and quality of approved products. Additionally, common expectations include that the evaluation process is competent, flexible, commensurate with risk, efficient and rapid. In 2014, the Australian regulatory system was out of step with global regulatory developments which led to a comprehensive regulatory review and reform process. As part of the reforms, two Facilitated Regulatory Pathways (FRP) were developed for prescription medicines: Priority Review (PR) and Provisional Approval (PA). Furthermore, regulatory reliance and recognition arrangements have been expanded with the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) making increased use of evaluation reports by trusted NRAs. The new pathways have been utilised by the pharmaceutical industry in Australia since 2017, with the number of medicines going through these pathways gradually increasing. Additional facilitated pathways have been developed following the review, providing alternatives to the standard pathway for registration of prescription medicines in Australia. The reform is timely, helping to position Australia well in the current global regulatory climate.
Connect the last mile - textual entailment identify efforts in bridging the digital divide
Authors: Fan Zhuangyuan , Zhang Fan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith many people’s life and work more and more Internet-dependent, we yet have to face the persistent digital divide. In the U.S., funding programs in the past allocated resources to incumbent Internet Service Providers (ISP) who failed to connect the rural and low-income communities. This is largely due to an information mismatch - the financially strong ISPs do not necessarily have the vision to connect the marginalized community. This project sets out to build a multidimensional profile database of ISPs that emphasizes the potential of serving the underserved or unserved areas. By applying the Textual Entailment Natural Language Processing algorithm, we infer the vision, goals, and identity of more than 1,000 ISPs using a large number of self-description texts from their websites. Then we created an ISP typology based on the socio-economic profiles of the service areas of these ISPs and their business vision. Deviating from the traditional bifurcating definition of “for-profit” and “non-profits” business, this ISP typology illustrates evident geographical, social, and service quality level division of the current Internet services in the U.S. Planners and policymakers could use this typology to create specific funding programs that effectively address the current digital divide.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on antimicrobial stewardship programs in Colorado hospitals
Authors: Matteson Caleb L. , Czaja Christopher A. , Kronman Matthew P. , Ziniel Sonja , Parker Sarah K. , Dodson Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in Colorado hospitals. ASP leaders reported decreased time and resources, reduced rigor of stewardship interventions, inability to complete new initiatives, and interpersonal challenges. Stewardship activities may be threatened during times of acute resource pressure.
Why marry early? Parental influence, agency and gendered conflict in Tanzanian marriages
Authors: Baraka Jitihada , Lawson David W , Schaffnit Susan B , Wamoyi Joyce , Urassa Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Global health interventions increasingly target the abolishment of ‘child marriage’ (marriage under 18 years, hereafter referred to as ‘early marriage’). Guided by human behavioural ecology theory, and drawing on focus groups and in-depth interviews in an urbanising Tanzanian community where female early marriage is normative, we examine the common assumption that it is driven by the interests and coercive actions of parents and/or men. We find limited support for parent–offspring conflict. Parents often encouraged early marriages, but were motivated by the promise of social and economic security for daughters, rather than bridewealth transfers alone. Moreover, forced marriage appears rare, and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) were active agents in the transition to marriage, sometimes marrying against parental wishes. Support for gendered conflict was stronger. AGYW were described as being lured into unstable relationships by men misrepresenting their long-term intentions. Community members voiced concerns over these marriages. Overall, early marriage appears rooted in limited options, encouraging strategic, but risky choices on the marriage market. Our results highlight plurality and context dependency in drivers of early marriage, even within a single community. We conclude that engaging with the importance of context is fundamental in forging culturally sensitive policies and programs on early marriage.
Cohomology of algebraic varieties over non-archimedean fields
Authors: Cubides Kovacsics Pablo , Edmundo Mário J. , Ye Jinhe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We develop a sheaf cohomology theory of algebraic varieties over an algebraically closed nontrivially valued nonarchimedean field K based on Hrushovski-Loeser’s stable completion. In parallel, we develop a sheaf cohomology of definable subsets in o-minimal expansions of the tropical semi-group

$\Gamma _{\infty }$

, where

$\Gamma $

denotes the value group of K. For quasi-projective varieties, both cohomologies are strongly related by a deformation retraction of the stable completion homeomorphic to a definable subset of

$\Gamma _{\infty }$

. In both contexts, we show that the corresponding cohomology theory satisfies the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms, finiteness and invariance, and we provide natural bounds of cohomological dimension in each case. As an application, we show that there are finitely many isomorphism types of cohomology groups in definable families. Moreover, due to the strong relation between the stable completion of an algebraic variety and its analytification in the sense of V. Berkovich, we recover and extend results on the singular cohomology of the analytification of algebraic varieties concerning finiteness and invariance.
The US-Mexico War, la Frontera, and Their Afterlives
Authors: Sánchez María Carla 
Published: October 2022

This essay reviews the following works:North American Borders in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera and Victor Konrad. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2020. Pp. xiv, 408. $40.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780816539529.Fencing In Democracy: Border Walls, Necrocitizenship, and the Security State. By Miguel Díaz-Barriga and Margaret E. Dorsey. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2020. Pp. ix, 178. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478006930.Border Optics: Surveillance Cultures on the US-Mexico Frontier. By Camilla Fojas. New York: New York University Press, 2021. Pp. 208. $28.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781479807017.The Dead March: A History of the Mexican-American War. By Peter Guardino. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. Pp. 502. $39.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674972346.Illusions of Empire: The Civil War and Reconstruction in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. By William S. Kiser. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. Pp. 262. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812253511.The Latino Continuum and the Nineteenth-Century Americas: Literature, Translation, and Historiography. By Carmen E. Lamas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. ix, 277. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780198871484.Bad Mexicans: Race, Empire, and Revolution in the Borderlands. By Kelly Lytle Hernández. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2022. Pp. 384. $30.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781324004370.Border Citizens: The Making of Indians, Mexicans, and Anglos in Arizona. By Eric V. Meeks. Revised edition. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2020. Pp. xi, 368. $32.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477319659.Refugiados climáticos: Un gran reto del siglo XXI. By Miguel Pajares. Barcelona: Rayo Verde Editorial, 2020. Pp. 280. $33.00 paperback. ISBN: 9788417925345.
“Our Roots Are the Same”: Hegemony and Power in Narratives of Chinese Linguistic Antiquity, 1900–1949
Authors: Tam Gina Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the beginning of the twentieth century, a frequent claim among speakers of local Chinese languages (called fangyan in Chinese) is that their native languages preserve the language of antiquity better than the Beijing-based national language, Mandarin. This paper explores the origin of these claims and probes their significance in the making of the Han ethnoracial collective identity. I argue that claims of linguistic proximity to the imagined ancient origins of Chinese civilization represent a form of “hegemonic Han-ness”—an idealized form of the Han collective identity that was both internally hegemonic, in that it was meant to supersede other expressions of Han-ness, and externally hegemonic, in that it was meant to uphold the superiority of the Han people over other ethnoracial groups. From Zhang Taiyan, whose work provided a model for drawing linguistic connections between contemporary local languages and the language spoken at the dawn of Chinese civilization, to local gazetteer authors, who used linguistic data to prove their mother tongues directly had preserved the language of antiquity without being adulterated by the languages of non-Han peoples, this paper explores how various groups drew upon the cultural power of an idealized Han-centered past to challenge the authority afforded to the national language by the state.
Re-examining the /eː-ɛː/ merger in Finland-Swedish: Regional and stylistic variation
Authors: Strandberg Janine A. E. , Gooskens Charlotte , Schüppert Anja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines regional and stylistic variation in the merger of front vowels /eː/ and /ɛː/ in Finland-Swedish. The study investigates the merger by comparing formant data from 141 speakers from four Swedish-speaking regions in Finland. Additionally, intraspeaker variation is explored by incorporating samples from three contextual styles. The results indicate cross-regional differences between Finland-Swedish dialects, with a more distinct variant of /ɛː/ being used on the monolingually Swedish-speaking Åland Islands, compared to other regions. However, the findings show that speakers from mainland Finland also demonstrate significantly different formant values for the vowels, particularly in formal speech styles. These results challenge the assumption of a complete /eː-ɛː/ merger in Finland-Swedish, instead pointing to a near-merger, whereby two sounds sound the same to speakers, despite them being differentiated in production. The findings also shed new light on stylistic variation in the variety.
Temporal Changes in Epinephrine Dosing in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review of EMS Protocols across the United States
Authors: Garfinkel Eric , Michelsen Katelyn , Johnson Benjamin , Margolis Asa , Levy Matthew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Administration of epinephrine has been associated with worse neurological outcomes for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The publication of the 2018 PARAMEDIC-2 trial, a randomized and double-blind study of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, provides the strongest evidence to date that epinephrine increases return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) but not neurologically intact survival. This study aims to determine if Emergency Medical Services (EMS) cardiac arrest protocols have changed since the publication of PARAMEDIC-2.Methods:States in the US utilizing mandatory or model state-wide EMS protocols, including Washington DC, were included in this study. The nontraumatic cardiac arrest protocol as of January 1, 2018 was compared to the protocol in effect on January 1, 2021 to determine if there was a change in the administration of epinephrine. Protocols were downloaded from the relevant state EMS website. If a protocol could not be obtained, the state medical director was contacted.Results:A 2021 state-wide protocol was found for 32/51 (62.7%) states. Data from 2018 were available for 21/51 (41.2%) states. Of the 11 states without data from 2018, all follow Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines in the 2021 protocol. Five (15.6%) of the states with a state-wide protocol made a change in the cardiac arrest protocols. Maximum cumulative epinephrine dose was limited to 4mg in Maryland and 3mg in Vermont. Rhode Island changed epinephrine in shockable rhythms to be administered after three cycles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and an anti-arrhythmic. Rhode Island also added an epinephrine infusion as an option. No states removed epinephrine administration from their cardiac arrest protocol. Simple statistical analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel.Conclusion:Several states have adjusted cardiac arrest protocols since 2018. The most frequent change was limiting the maximum cumulative dosage of epinephrine. One state changed timing of epinephrine dosing depending on the rhythm and also provided an option of an epinephrine infusion in place of bolus dosing. While the sample size is small, these changes may reflect the future direction of prehospital cardiac arrest protocols. Significant limitations apply, including the exclusion of local and regional protocols which are more capable of quickly adjusting to new research. Additionally, this study is only focused on EMS in the United States.
A Novel Technique for Producing Three-Dimensional Data Using Serial Sectioning and Semi-Automatic Image Classification
Authors: Mehra Akshay , Howes Bolton , Manzuk Ryan , Spatzier Alex , Samuels Bradley M , Maloof Adam C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The three-dimensional characterization of internal features, via metrics such as orientation, porosity, and connectivity, is important to a wide variety of scientific questions. Many spatial and morphological metrics only can be measured accurately through direct in situ three-dimensional observations of large (i.e., big enough to be statistically representative) volumes. For samples that lack material contrast between phases, serial grinding and imaging—which relies solely on color and textural characteristics to differentiate features—is a viable option for extracting such information. Here, we present the Grinding, Imaging, Reconstruction Instrument (GIRI), which automatically serially grinds and photographs centimeter-scale samples at micron resolution. Although the technique is destructive, GIRI produces an archival digital image stack. This digital image stack is run through a supervised machine-learning-based image processing technique that quickly and accurately segments data into predefined classes. These classified data then can be loaded into three-dimensional visualization software for measurement. We share three case studies to illustrate how GIRI can address questions with a significant morphological component for which two-dimensional or small-volume three-dimensional measurements are inadequate. The analyzed metrics include: the morphologies of objects and pores in a granular material, the bulk mineralogy of polyminerallic solids, and measurements of the internal angles and symmetry of crystals.
Measurements of Mesospheric Water Vapor From 1992 to 2021 at Three Stations From the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change
Authors: Nedoluha Gerald E. , Gomez R. Michael , Boyd Ian , Neal Helen , Allen Douglas R. , Siskind David E. , Lambert Alyn , Livesey Nathaniel J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present ground‐based microwave measurements of mesospheric water vapor made by the Water Vapor Millimeter‐wave Spectrometer (WVMS) instruments since the early 1990s from sites in California, Hawaii, and New Zealand. These measurements are compared with coincident measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment, the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder, and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry; all of which combine to cover the entire time period of the ground‐based measurements. Comparisons are presented both on ∼weekly timescales in order to better identify discontinuities in the relative differences and on annual timescales in order to better study geophysical variations. The WVMS retrievals shown here are available on the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change database. The range of WVMS trends and the differences from the satellite trends, with the latter varying over a range of ∼3%/decade, provide an estimate of how accurately it would be possible to determine multidecadal trends using ground‐based microwave instruments in a postsatellite era. This uncertainty is comparable to the trend in mesospheric water vapor that is expected to have occurred since the early 1990s.
Detection technologies for RNA modifications
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lu Liang , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo date, more than 170 chemical modifications have been characterized in RNA, providing a new layer of gene expression regulation termed the ‘epitranscriptome’. RNA modification detection methods and tools advance the functional studies of the epitranscriptome. According to the detection throughput and principles, existing RNA modification detection technologies can be categorized into four classes, including quantification methods, locus-specific detection methods, next-generation sequencing-based detection technologies and nanopore direct RNA sequencing-based technologies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about these RNA modification detection technologies and discuss the challenges for the existing detection tools, providing information for a comprehensive understanding of the epitranscriptome.
High-speed magnetic control of water transport in superhydrophobic tubular actuators
Authors: Xiong Fangyihan , Zhang Liyun , Xu Lei , Zhao Huan , Lan Jianyang , Ji Chenhao , Chen Linfeng , Xia Fan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDirected transport of a small amount of water is a basic issue and has attracted extensive attention due to its importance in a wide range of applications, such as water collection, microfluidics, printing, bioanalysis, and microchemical reactions. Various strategies based on constructing a surface tension gradient or Laplace pressure gradient have been developed to realize directional water transport. Typically, electrostatic forces and magnetic fields are utilized to achieve high-speed water transport on open superhydrophobic surfaces. However, these methods suffer from water evaporation or contamination. Here, we report a magnetic superhydrophobic tubular PDMS actuator for directional water transport. The actuator deformed under an applied external magnetic field and actuated the water droplet to transport along the moving direction of the magnet. The water transport velocity reached 16.1 cm/s. In addition, as the inner surface of the actuator is superhydrophobic, the water droplet showed weak interactions with the surface and presented negligible mass loss during the transport process. The results of this work may inspire new design of actuators for directional water transport with high speeds.
Incorporating evolutionary and threat processes into crop wild relatives conservation
Authors: Tobón-Niedfeldt Wolke , Mastretta-Yanes Alicia , Urquiza-Haas Tania , Goettsch Bárbara , Cuervo-Robayo Angela P. , Urquiza-Haas Esmeralda , Orjuela-R M. Andrea , Acevedo Gasman Francisca , Oliveros-Galindo Oswaldo , Burgeff Caroline , Rivera-Rodríguez Diana M. , Sánchez González José de Jesús , Alarcón-Guerrero Jesús , Aguilar-Meléndez Araceli , Aragón Cuevas Flavio , Alavez Valeria , Alejandre-Iturbide Gabriel , Avendaño-Arrazate Carlos-H. , Azurdia Pérez César , Delgado-Salinas Alfonso , Galán Pablo , González-Ledesma Manuel , Hernández-Ruíz Jesús , Lorea-Hernández Francisco G. , Lira Saade Rafael , Rodríguez Aarón , Rodríguez Delcid Dagoberto , Ruiz-Corral José Ariel , Santos Pérez Juan José , Vargas-Ponce Ofelia , Vega Melania , Wegier Ana , Quintana-Camargo Martín , Sarukhán José , Koleff Patricia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) intra- and interspecific diversity is essential for crop breeding and food security. However, intraspecific genetic diversity, which is central given the idiosyncratic threats to species in landscapes, is usually not considered in planning frameworks. Here, we introduce an approach to develop proxies of genetic differentiation to identify conservation areas, applying systematic conservation planning tools that produce hierarchical prioritizations of the landscape. It accounts for: (i) evolutionary processes, including historical and environmental drivers of genetic diversity, and (ii) threat processes, considering taxa-specific tolerance to human-modified habitats, and their extinction risk status. Our analyses can be used as inputs for developing national action plans for the conservation and use of CWR. Our results also inform public policy to mitigate threat processes to CWR (like crops living modified organisms or agriculture subsidies), and could advise future research (e.g. for potential germplasm collecting). Although we focus on Mesoamerican CWR within Mexico, our methodology offers opportunities to effectively guide conservation and monitoring strategies to safeguard the evolutionary resilience of any taxa, including in regions of complex evolutionary histories and mosaic landscapes.
Two-dimensional mineral hydrogel-derived single atoms-anchored heterostructures for ultrastable hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lyu Fucong , Zeng Shanshan , Jia Zhe , Ma Fei-Xiang , Sun Ligang , Cheng Lizi , Pan Jie , Bao Yan , Mao Zhengyi , Bu Yu , Li Yang Yang , Lu Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogen energy is critical for achieving carbon neutrality. Heterostructured materials with single metal-atom dispersion are desirable for hydrogen production. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve large-scale fabrication of single atom-anchored heterostructured catalysts with high stability, low cost, and convenience. Here, we report single iron (Fe) atom-dispersed heterostructured Mo-based nanosheets developed from a mineral hydrogel. These rationally designed nanosheets exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and reliability in alkaline condition, manifesting an overpotential of 38.5 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and superior stability without performance deterioration over 600 h at current density up to 200 mA cm−2, superior to most previously reported non-noble-metal electrocatalysts. The experimental and density functional theory results reveal that the O-coordinated single Fe atom-dispersed heterostructures greatly facilitated H2O adsorption and enabled effective adsorbed hydrogen (H*) adsorption/desorption. The green, scalable production of single-atom-dispersed heterostructured HER electrocatalysts reported here is of great significance in promoting their large-scale implementation.