bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Efficacy of Some Commercial Zinc Phosphide Baits Used for Control of Meadow and Pine Voles in Orchards1
Authors: Merson M. H. , Byers R. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five commercially available zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) preparations were tested in a 3-day, free choice trial for efficacy on meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine voles (M. pinetorum). A 2% Zn3P2 pellet produced a significantly greater and quicker kill in meadow voles than a 2% Zn3P2 oat-corn bait. Whole oat and cracked corn baits (2% Zn3P2) performed as well on meadow voles as did a 1% Zn3P2 paraffinized pellet. The 2% Zn3P2pellet produced significantly greater mortality in pine voles than did 2% Zn3P2 oat-corn and whole oat baits and a 1 % paraffinized pellet. There was no evidence that grain baits were more effective for meadow voles than pine voles.
Graft-transmission of Blister Bark and Internal Bark Necrosis in Delicious Apples1
Authors: Parish C. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Blister bark, a scaly bark-type disorder of ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) is shown to consist of 3 similar disorders. Two of these, blister bark 1 (the one most commonly encountered in the Northwestern United States) and blister bark 2, are graft transmissible. The 3rd disorder, blister bark 3, was not transmitted. The symptoms are described and the differences discussed. Another bark disorder, a form of internal bark necrosis, is shown to be graft-transmissible. A key to differentiate the blister bark complex is presented.
Effect of Prebloom Oil Applications on Pear Fruit Set and the Possible Mode of Action1
Authors: Lombard P. B. , Westigard P. H. , Zwick R. W. , Mellenthin W. M. , Martin G. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dilute sprays of 4, 8 and 16% Volck Supreme oil at dormant and repeated at delayed dormant to mask pear trees against psylla, Psylla pyricola (Foerster), oviposition delayed bloom slightly, while 2% applications in the Meld advanced bloom less than 1 day. Dormant pear branches dipped under laboratory conditions in oil at concentrations of 8% and higher caused injury to vegetative buds and slight injury to flowering buds. Single and repeat field applications of oil at 2, 4 and 8% caused no reduction of fruit set or cropping of ‘Anjou’, ‘Bartlett’, ‘Cornice’, ‘Bose’, and ‘Seckel’ pear trees, and in some cases increased fruit set on ‘Anjou’ trees. Hormonal analysis of oil-treated buds indicated a slight increase of gibberellin (GA) and a reduction of abscisic acid (ABA) levels.
Resistance to False Rust in Winged Beans1
Authors: Parman  , Thompson A. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An inoculation technique was developed to test seedling plants of winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) for resistance to false rust disease incited by the fungus Synchytrium psophocaropi (Rac.) Gaumann. Sporangia were collected in distilled water by washing or scraping from infected, sporulating winged bean leaves. Inoculum was applied by brushing the sporangial suspension onto the 1st or 2nd true leaves of seedling plants, and holding the inoculated plants under high humidity conditions for 24 hours. Intensity of infection can be scored 10 days after inoculation. Resistance appears to result from a hypersensitive reaction.
Effect of High Temperature on Pollen Grain Germination, Pollen Tube Growth, and Seed Yield of Chinese Cabbage1
Authors: Kuo C. G. , Peng J. S. , Tsay J. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seed yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis Rupr.) was studied at 34–37/22–24°C (day/night) temperatures applied at different growth stages. High temperatures at first anthesis and immediately after pollination diminished seed yield mainly through reduction in seed number. Hand pollination with pollen grains from plants reared under normal temperature improved seed yield of the plant heated at first anthesis. Both male and female gametogeneses appeared to be affected by high temperature based on seed set, but the most drastic effect of high temperature on seed yield occurred after pollination. In vitro pollen viability tests indicated that the optimum temperature for pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth was 20°. Temperatures below 16° or above 28° reduced pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth mainly because of an increase in burst pollen grains.
Effect of Soil Oxygen Concentration on Sweet Potato Storage Root Induction and/or Development1
Authors: Chua Lee K. , Kays Stanley J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sweet potato plants, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Porto Rico Red with the storage root production zone subjected to 2.5% oxygen for 81 days, showed an almost complete repression in storage root number and weight, when compared to plants subjected to 21% oxygen. When plants were grown in 2.5% oxygen for 81 days followed by 21% oxygen for 28 days, there was no difference in storage root number when compared to plants grown in 21 % oxygen for the entire period. Alteration of the storage root zone oxygen concentration appears to provide an excellent method for studying the initial biochemical changes occurring during storage root induction and/or development.
Response of Container-grown Plants to Six Consumer Growing Media1
Authors: Brown O. D. R. , Emino E. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bulk density, moisture holding capacity, pH, initial nutrient level, aeration or soluble salt characteristics were not consistently related to growth response in 6 commercial growing media. Growth of Tradescantia albiflora Kunth ‘Albovittata’, Hemigraphis alternata (Burm,f.) T. Anderson, Wedelia trilobata(L.) A. S. Hitchc, Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) Dietr., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Better Boy’, and Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. were highly variable among media.
Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Transpiration, and Acclimatization of Ficus benjamina L.1
Authors: Johnson C. R. , Ingram D. L. , Barrett J. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Increased soil moisture stress reduced growth and transpiration rate of Ficus benjamina. Leaf drop during indoor phase was greater for plants previously watered during production at 3 day intervals than for plants grown under the 6- and 9-day water regimes.
Light Acclimatization of African Violet1
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flowering of African violet, Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl. cv. Inge ceased when plants were transferred from a greenhouse at 13 klx to interior light levels of 0.5,1.0 or 2.0 klx. Plants placed under 2.0 klx acclimatized and flowered after 3 months, while plants under 1.0 klx flowered after 6 months and only minimal flowering occurred at 0.5 klx after 9 months. Flowering was highly correlated with production of new leaves under interior light intensities. Fertilizer levels had no effect on either leaf production or flowering.
W1, W3, W4, W5, and W6 Multidisease-resistant Musknielon Breeding Lines1
Authors: Thomas Claude E. , Webb Raymon E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Muskmelon (cantaloupe), Cucumis melo L., lines W1, W3, W4, W5, and W6 released by the Southern and Northeastern Regions, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture represent multidisease-resistant advanced breeding lines with high-quality attributes suited to the development of cultivars for long-distance shipping as well as for small farm and home garden production. They were selected under severe epiphytotie conditions in South Texas for resistance to downy mildew, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk.) Rostow.; powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.; Alternaria leaf-blight, Alternaria cucumerina (Ell. & Ev.) Elliot; and watermelon mosaic virus 1 (WMV-1). In extensive, replicated, repeated field studies, these lines were consistently found to possess a high level of resistance to all of these diseases, enabling production of a marketable crop under severe disease stress, often without application of fungicides. W4, W5, and W6 exhibit a higher level of resistance to dow ny mildew and Alternaria leaf-blight than do the more moderately resistant W1 and W3 lines. All 5 lines are highly resistant to powdery mildew and have excellent resistance to natural infections of WMV-1.
Communicating Vegetable Production Information to Growers with Varying Educational Skills1
Authors: William R. D. , Nehiley J. M. , Halsey L. H. , Thorne J. W. , Korsching P. F. , Christenberry L·T· 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Extension educational materials were designed to communicate vegetable production information to citizens with varying educational and agricultural skills. Slide/tape sets written at 4th to 6th grade levels and extension circulars at 6th to 8th grade levels were evaluated by North Florida citizens. Recall increased 20 to 50% following presentation of a slide/tape set or reading of the revised production guide. These educational materials were used by county extension agents to improve production skills of vegetable growers.
Abscission Chemical Effects on Shaker-catchframe Harvest System Performance and Subsequent ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Pineapple’ Orange Yield1
Authors: Wilson W. C. , Coppock G. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four abscission chemical treatments (Acti-Aid, 20 ppm cycloheximide) (Release, 125 ppm 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole) (Acti-Aid, 5 ppm + Sweep, 250 ppm chlorothalonil + Release, 125 ppm) and (Pik-Off, 300 ppm glyoxal dioxime) were applied to the same orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cv. Hamlin and Pineapple) for 3 consecutive years to aid harvest with a shaker-catchframe system. The treatments had no significant effect on subsequent fruit yield for years not influenced by freezing temperatures.
Enhancement of Citrus Regreening and Peel Lycopene by Trickle Irrigation1
Authors: Huff Albert , Abdel-Bar Mohamed Z. , Rodney D. R. , Roth R. L. , Gardner B. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Regreening of ‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis L., Osbeck) is more intense with trickle irrigation than flood irrigation. Peels of fruit from trickle-irrigated trees contain more chlorophyll and less carotenoids than peels of fruit from flood-irrigated trees. Peels of ‘Redblush’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) from trickle irrigated trees have higher chlorophyll and lycopene contents, but do not differ in ß-carotene content.
Water, Osmotic, and Turgor Potentials of Kinetin-treated Callus1
Authors: Kirkham M. B. , Holder P. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Water and turgor potentials of callus tissue from the cactus Echinopsis turbinata L. increased with increasing concentration of kinetin. Osmotic potential showed no consistent trend with an increase in concentration of kinetin or p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (p-CPA).
In Vitro Propagation of Heat-treated Red Raspberry Clones1
Authors: Pyott J. L. , Converse R. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Small explants from four clones of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) obtained from heat treatment (8 weeks at 37°C) to eliminate viruses were successfully regenerated in vitro using major Anderson’s medium with 1/4 strength levels of Murashige and Skoog major salts.
In Vitro Propagation of Grevillea rosmarinifolia1
Authors: Ben-Jaacov J. , Dax Edna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot segments of Grevillea rosmarinifolia A. Cunn. placed on solid half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg/liter 6-benzyiamino purine (BA) proliferated and formed shoots which were subcultured and rooted on paper bridges in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.1 mg/liter α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Cull Losses in Western Sweet Cherries at Retail and Consumer Levels in Metropolitan New York1
Authors: Ceponis Michael J. , Butterfield James E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Retail and consumer level losses of western sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) studied in metropolitan New York during 1977–80 were 9.9 and 12.0%, respectively. More loss was observed in store-prepackaged consumer samples than in consumer samples obtained from bulk displays. Half of the loss at each level resulted from parasitic diseases and a third from physiological disorders. The remaining loss was caused by mechanical injuries.
Effect of Honey Bee Foraging Behaviors on ‘Delicious’ Apple Set1
Authors: Robinson Willard Scott , Fell Richard D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Delicious’ apple flowers (Malus domestica Borkh.) set very few fruit after receiving single visits from honey bees (Apis meilifera L.) that foraged for nectar while standing on the flower petals. Yield from these flowers was similar to the yield from unpollinated blossoms. Much higher sets were observed in blossoms that were hand-pollinated, and on flowers visited only once by pollen-foraging or nectar-foraging bees that worked from on top of the stamens. Final yields from the latter 3 treatments were very similar, though generally lower than would be commercially desirable.
Inheritance of Resistance to Sulfur Dioxide in Cucumber1
Authors: Bressan Ray A. , LeCureux Lloyd , Wilson Lloyd G. , Filner Philip , Baker L. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Crosses and subsequent segregation between inbred lines of ‘National Pickling cucumber (Cucumis satirus L.) resistant to acute exposure to sulfur dioxide, and the sensitive ‘Chipper‘ cucumber indicated that resistance was dominant and may be controlled by a single gene.
Boron Accumulation in Taxus media1
Authors: Gilliam C. H. , Watson M. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Taxus media Rehd. ‘Anderson’ were grown at 4 boron rates: 0.5, 5.0, 25.0 and 50.0 ppm using 2 media:4 pinebark:l sand and 4 hardwood bark:l sand. toxicity symptoms developed when foliar concentration was between 85–100 μg/g of dry tissue. Foliar symptoms of toxicity were characterized by leaf-tip yellowing followed by leaf-tip necrosis and premature defoliation. Shoot and root growth were suppressed at the 50 ppm application rate. continued to accumulate in the foliage after the 2 higher rates of were discontinued. Foliar concentration of Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn were lower when plants were grown with 25 and 50 ppm when compared to plants grown with 0.5 and 5 ppm B.
‘Veeglo,’ Peach1
Authors: Leuty S. J. , Bradt O. A. , Cook F. I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Veeglo’ is an attractive, high quality peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) that matures during the last week in August, 9 days after ‘Redhaven’. Assessments indicate typical, moderate susceptibility to perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.) and moderate resistance to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas pruni (E.F. Smith) Dows.). ‘Veeglo’ was introduced to satisfy the requirement for a high quality fresh market or home preserving peach maturing between Redhaven and Loring, and adapted to climatic conditions in southern Ontario, Canada.
‘Fuchs-20’ Avocado Rootstock1
Authors: Kadman A. , Ben-Ya’acov A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Fuchs-20’ (Persea americana Mill.) was selected in an experiment carried out during 1959-60 to find a highly tolerant rootstock for saline conditions from West Indian seedlings of 5 different groups and hybrids, including seedlings of ‘Fuchs’ (West Indian x Guatemalan). Plants were grown in containers and irrigated with highly saline water (1330 ppm NaCl). Only 4 plants survived. These survivors were planted in an orchard in order to obtain material for further experiments by vegetative propagation. ‘Fuchs-20’, a ‘Fuchs’ seedling marked No. 20, was the only one of these 4 plants from which cuttings have been successfully rooted (2) (350 ppmCl), (1). Trees of various cultivars grafted on ‘Fuchs-20’ rootstocks show excellent performance without any damage due to salinity in a commercial orchard irrigated with water containing 380-400 ppmCl, (A. Ben-Ya’acov, unpublished data).
Cowpea Production In The United States1
Authors: Fery R. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., has been cultivated since Neolithic times, and it is one of our most ancient food plants. Cowpeas are important in world agriculture with more than 12 million acres (5 million hectares) produced annually. The seed, leaves, and shoots provide a significant portion of the dietary protein in the stable cereal diets of people in many of the developing nations. Although the cowpea is an excellent forage and green manure plant and was once an important agronomic crop in the United States, there is only limited agronomic use of the crop in this country at present. However, the cowpea has long been valued in the South as an edible table legume, and an extensive industry now exists to supply the cowpea products that are consumed nationwide.
In Vitro Propagation of ‘Dolce Agogia’ Olive1
Authors: Rugini Eddo , Fontanazza Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In vitro shoot proliferation of‘Dolce Agogia’ olive (Olea europaea L.) was obtained on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 10 mg/liter zeatin riboside, 0.5 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3). Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 2 and 4 mg/liter was effective in inducing root-differentiation in combination with half-concentration Knop macronutrients and Heller micronutrients. Proliferated plants were transplanted to pots containing a mixture of sand, beech leaves, and peat with about 60% survival.
Effect of Wounding on ‘Fuerte’ Avocado Ripening1
Authors: Zauberman Giora , Fuchs Yoram 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wounded mature ‘Fuerte’ fruit (Persea americana Mill.) ripened faster than non-wounded fruit when stored at 14°C. Significant differences were not observed in respiration or ethylene production between wounded and non-wounded fruit when stored at 20° but the former softened faster and showed greater polygalacturonase activity. Wounded and non-wounded fruit ripened at similar rates when stored after wounding for 10 days at 5° and thereafter transferred to either 14° or 20°. No “wound ethylene” could be detected immediately after wounding at any temperature and is not the earliest event occurring during ripening. Effects of wounding in metabolic processes of ripening are observed better at a moderate continuous storage temperature of 14° than at 20°.
Effects of Ethephon on Fruit Cracking of Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)1
Authors: Shrestha G. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit cracking of “Early Large Red” lychee was reduced from 12% to 6% as sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) increased from 0-10 ppm. There was more cracked fruit on the southwest side of the tree (9.5%) than on the northeast side (7.3%).
An Overview of Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Poe Sidney L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An overview of integrated pest management (IPM) includes consideration of at least 4 major points. 1) What IPM is, its objectives and goals; 2) IPM history and evolution or why we have IPM; 3) how IPM is implemented and how it works today, and 4) IPM tomorrow. To provide more than a superficial coverage of these points is not possible; however, the serious student will want to begin with a study of the literature cited in this report. This treatise will relate mainly to IPM for plant communities; however, similar programs are underway for live stock, urban systems, aquatic systems and othe
Regional Planning and Coordination of Integrated Pest Management Programs
Authors: Kühr Ronald J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Programs on various aspects of integrated pest management (IPM) have been ongoing in most states for several years. Until fairly recently, however, the primary emphasis has been unidisciplinary and has centered around research activities. In 1972, implementation of state IPM programs began in an organized manner with the help of federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Extension Service. By 1979, USD A Extension provided over $5.4 million to new and expanding IPM programs in all 50 states (4). During this time, no parallel organized research effort was established to support this expanding implementation network. Thus, various Experiment Station and USDA groups began to examine planning and coordination mechanisms to provide for best use of research and extension resources, to seek methods of providing additional funds, and to ensure an interdisciplinary approach to IPM. The purpose of this paper is to record the events leading up to the formation of regional planning groups and describe briefly progress to date.
Stain Testing Viability in Stored Peach Pollen1
Authors: Werner DJ. , Chang S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five pollen stains were tested to determine their effectiveness as indicators of viability in stored pollen of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Correlations between pollen staining percentage and germination percentage were low and non-significant for aniline blue, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI), nitro-blue tetrazolium, and propiono-carmine. Correlation of staining percentage and germination percentage was positive and significant (r = +0.69) for 3(4-5-di­methylthiazolyl-2) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT).
Breeding Peach Rootstocks Resistant to Root-knot Nematodes1
Authors: Sherman Wayne B. , Lyrene Paul M. , Hansche Paul E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) of peach which occurs in Florida overcomes the resistance of Okinawa and Nemaguard rootstocks (Prunus spp.). Resistance to this new nematode obtained from crosses and open-pollinated seedlings of Okinawa, Chico II, and P. davidiana has a heritability (narrow sense) of 0.31 ± .04. Two selections, Fla. 14-11 and Fla. 9-4, combine the nematode resistance of Okinawa and Nemaguard with resistance to the new nematode.
Breeding Value of Southern Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Lyrene Paul M. , Sherman Wayne B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Native highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) from the flatwoods of Alachua County (North-central), Florida and from Highlands County (Central peninsula) were surveyed for chromosome number and crossability with breeding lines derived from northern highbush cultivars. The Alachua County population was predominately tetraploid; a diploid component differed in leaf serration and glandulation. Tetraploid plants were fully cross-fertile with highbush cultivars and breeding lines. Diploid plants from the Alachua County population were cross fertile with both V. elliottii and V. darrowi. V. corymbosum from Highlands County was diploid.
Dry Onion Losses at the Retail and Consumer Levels in Metropolitan New York1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Butterfield J. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over a 3-year period, losses in dry onions (Allium cepa L.) at the retail and consumer levels, respectively, in metropolitan New York were 0.2 and 3.7% for ‘Yellow Globe’ onions, 3.0 and 4.2% for ‘Grano-Granex’ onions, and 8.0 and 6.4% for Spanish type onions. Parasitic diseases, principally Botrytis rots, caused most of the loss in the 3 onion types at both levels.
Onion Growth and Yield in Relation to Transplant Pruning, Size, Spacing, and Depth of Planting1
Authors: Sabota C. M. , Downes J. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pruning roots of transplants of onion (Allium cepa L. cv White Grano) to 0.64 cm and tops to 7.6 cm reduced plant top growth 50% and bulb yields 29%. Yields from large transplants were 58% greater than from small and 11% greater than from medium size transplants. Bulb yield was closely correlated with top growth (r = 0.79**). The bulb/top weight ratio at harvest was increased by pruning and by increased transplant size. Within pruning treatments bulb yields were correlated with top fresh weight. Depth of planting had no consistent effect on top growth, bulb shape, sun burning, or yields, but there was some tendency for bulbs to be longer when planted at 7.62 cm than at 2.54 cm depth. Top growth and bulb yield were similar with transplant spacings of 7.62 and 10.16 cm.