bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus detection of measles‐negative cases in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Cho Han‐Gil , Moon Su‐Kyoung , Jeong Il‐Hyung , Lee Yea‐Eun , Lee Hyun‐Kyung , Han Baek‐Sang , Kim Yujeong , Chung Yoon‐Seok , Cha Boksik , Kim Wantae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo investigate viruses in measles‐negative cases, 221 measles‐suspected samples collected in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea were tested using a real‐time PCR assay. Rubella virus was not detected. However, 11 cases of parvovirus B19 (5.0%), 47 cases of human herpesvirus 6 (21.3%), 25 cases of human herpesvirus 7 (11.3%), and one case of co‐infection with parvovirus B19 and human herpesvirus 7 were confirmed, as were eight cases of co‐infection with human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7. This study showed that parvovirus B19, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 7 should be considered by physicians for the diagnosis of measles‐suspected patients.
Idiosyncratic effects of coinfection on the association between systemic pathogens and the gut microbiota of a wild rodent, the bank vole Myodes glareolus
Authors: Brila Ilze , Lavrinienko Anton , Tukalenko Eugene , Kallio Eva R. , Mappes Tapio , Watts Phillip C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The effects of systemic pathogens on gut microbiota of wild animals are poorly understood. Furthermore, coinfections are the norm in nature, yet most studies of pathogen–microbiota interactions focus on effects of single pathogen infections on gut microbiota.

We examined the effects of four systemic pathogens (bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, apicomplexan protozoa Babesia microti and Puumala orthohantavirus) and coinfections among them on the (bacterial) gut microbiota of wild bank voles Myodes glareolus.

We hypothesized that: (1) the effects of coinfection on gut microbiota generally differ from those of a single pathogen infection, (2) systemic pathogens have individual (i.e. distinct) associations with gut microbiota, which are modified by coinfection and (3) the effects of coinfection (compared with those of single infection) are idiosyncratic (i.e. pathogen‐specific).

The gut microbiota of coinfected bank voles differed from that of single pathogen infected individuals, although, as predicted, the effects of coinfections were unique for each pathogen. After accounting for coinfections, only Puumala orthohantavirus was associated with higher α‐diversity; however, all pathogens affected gut microbiota ß‐diversity in a pathogen‐specific way, affecting both rare and abundant gut bacteria.

Our results showed that the effects of systemic pathogens on host's gut microbiota vary depending on the pathogen species, resulting in idiosyncratic signatures of coinfection. Furthermore, our results emphasize that neglecting the impact of coinfections can mask patterns of pathogen–microbiota associations.
Towards planetary nexus governance in the Anthropocene: An earth system law perspective
Authors: Kotzé Louis J. , Kim Rakhyun E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNexus governance recognises that sustainability concerns such as water, energy, and food security are interlinked and provides an alternative to fragmented governance. Although it has been applied mostly in the domestic context, the need for nexus governance is also apparent at a planetary scale, as highlighted by interacting planetary boundaries, global telecoupling, and global tipping cascades. However, international environmental law is unable to facilitate what we call ‘planetary nexus governance’. This is mainly because international environmental law lacks an ecological Grundnorm and because its primary rules of conduct remain fragmented in the absence of effective secondary rules on how primary rules should relate to each other. Recognising this challenge, scholars have recently proposed earth system law as a new framework to rethink, in an integrated way, law in an Anthropocene context. Building on this framework, we suggest that international environmental law should adopt a unifying Grundnorm such as planetary integrity. We also suggest that international institutional law, as a body of secondary rules, has an important role to play in facilitating planetary nexus governance by bringing together fragmented bodies of international law. We briefly discuss ways in which international environmental law could reorientate itself to better facilitate planetary nexus governance.
Association between pre‐operative prolonged corrected QT interval and all‐cause mortality after non‐cardiac surgery
Authors: Johannsdottir Helena Xiang , Gudmundsdottir Ingibjorg Jona , Karason Sigurbergur , Sigurdsson Martin Ingi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundProlonged corrected QT interval (QTc) has been linked to risk of arrhythmias and mortality in the general population. Pre‐operative electrocardiography is often obtained for patient‐and procedural cardiovascular risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of pre‐operative QTc and all‐cause mortality in a non‐cardiac surgical cohort.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients over 18 years undergoing non‐cardiac surgery at Landspitali–the National University Hospital in Iceland between 2 January 2005 to 31 December 2015, with follow‐up through 20 May 2016. Patients were separated into five categories according to their pre‐operative QTc interval ≤ 379, 380–439 (reference group), 440–479, 480–519 and ≥520 ms. Primary outcome was long‐term mortality and secondary outcome was 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 10,209 surgeries for 10,209 individuals were included. The median follow‐up for mortality was 2691 days (interquartile range [IQR] 1620–3705 days). Patients with longer QTc interval had a higher comorbidity burden, were more likely to undergo emergency surgery and were often prescribed cardiac medications. After adjustment for confounding variables, the hazard ratio (HR) for long‐term mortality compared with reference (QTc 380‐439 ms) was 0.85 [CI: 0.66–1.09] for QTc ≤379, 1.08 [CI: 0.99–1.17] for QTc 440–479 ms, 1.26 [CI: 1.10–1.43] for QTc between 480 and 519 ms and 0.97 [CI: 0.78–1.21] for QTc ≥520 ms. When compared with reference, only patients with QTc interval between 480 and 519 ms had higher odds ratio for 30‐day mortality as odds ratio for other groups were following; 1.12 [CI: 0.18–3.8] for ≤379 ms, 1.03 [CI: 0.70–1.51] for QTc 440‐479 ms, 1.64 [CI: 1.02–2.60] for QTc 480‐519 ms and 0.98 [0.44–2.06] for QTc ≥520 ms.ConclusionPre‐operative QTc between 480 and 519 ms is associated with both higher long‐term and 30‐day mortality after non‐cardiac surgery. The results suggest that this could reflect an underlying cardiovascular risk.
Agricultural windfalls and the seasonality of political violence in Africa
Authors: Ubilava David , Hastings Justin V. , Atalay Kadir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen the prices of cereal grains rise, social unrest and conflict become likely. In rural areas, the predation motives of perpetrators can explain the positive relationship between prices and conflict. Predation happens at places and in periods where and when spoils to be appropriated are available. In predominantly agrarian societies, such opportune times align with the harvest season. Does the seasonality of agricultural income lead to the seasonality of conflict? We address this question by analyzing over 55 thousand incidents involving violence against civilians staged by paramilitary groups across Africa during the 1997–2020 period. We investigate the crop year pattern of violence in response to agricultural income shocks via changes in international cereal prices. We find that a year‐on‐year one standard deviation annual growth of the price of the major cereal grain results in a harvest‐time spike in violence by militias in areas where this cereal grain is grown. This translates to a nearly 10% increase in violence during the early postharvest season. We observe no such change in violence by state forces or rebel groups—the other two notable actors. By further investigating the mechanisms, we show that the violence by militias is amplified after plausibly rich harvest seasons when the value of spoils to be appropriated is higher. By focusing on harvest‐related seasonality of conflict, as well as actors more likely to be involved in violence against civilians, we contribute to the growing literature on the economic causes of conflict in predominantly agrarian societies.
Neonatal outcome of infants with umbilical cord arterial pH less than 7
Authors: Lau So Ling , Lok Zara Lin Zau , Hui Shuk Yi Annie , Fung Genevieve Po Gee , Lam Hugh Simon , Leung Tak Yeung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionUmbilical arterial pH of less than 7 is often used as the threshold below which the risks of neonatal death and adverse long‐term neurological outcomes are considered to be higher. Yet within the group with pH <7, the risks have not been further stratified. Here, we aimed to investigate the predictors of adverse long‐term outcomes of this group of infants.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective study of 248 infants born after 34 weeks of gestation in a tertiary obstetric unit, between 2003 and 2017, with cord arterial pH <7 or base excess ≤−12 mmol/L at birth. The infants were categorized into two groups: (1) intact survivors, or (2) neonatal/infant deaths or cerebral palsy or developmental delay. The umbilical arterial pH and base excess levels, Apgar scores, mode of delivery, gestational age, small for gestational age, birth in the era before the implementation of neonatal hypothermic therapy, and the presence of a known sentinel event, were compared between the groups using univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis.ResultsAmong the 248 infants, there were 222 intact survivors (89.5%) and 26 infants with poor outcomes (10.5%), including eight deaths (3.2%) and 18 (7.3%) with cerebral palsy and/or developmental delay. Univariate analysis showed that infants with adverse outcomes had significantly lower cord arterial pH (6.85 vs 6.95, with p < 0.001), lower cord arterial base excess (−19.95 vs −15.90 mmol/L, p < 0.001), a higher proportion of having AS at 5 min <7 (65.4% vs 13.1%, p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of having a sentinel event (34.6% vs 16.7%, p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis confirmed cord arterial pH of <6.9 and an Apgar score at 5 min <7 as independent prognostic factors (the adjusted odds ratios were 4.64 and 6.62, respectively). The risk of adverse outcome increased from 4.3% when the arterial pH was between 6.9 and <7, to 30% when the pH was <6.9.ConclusionsInfants born with umbilical artery pH <7 still have a high chance of 89.5% to become intact survivors. A cord arterial pH of <6.9 and an Apgar score at 5 min <7 are independent prognostic factors for neonatal/infant death or adverse long‐term neurological outcomes.
Market reaction to fossil fuel divestment announcements: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Zori Solomon George , Bakker Michael H. C. , Tuokuu Francis Xavier D. , Pare Jeremy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFossil fuel divestment movements have gained momentum since 2011, aimed at ending fossil fuel use and a move toward a cleaner, affordable, and sustainable energy system, for business and society. The present study investigates the direct impact of fossil fuel divestment announcements on stock prices of firms listed on the United States' stock exchanges. Using an event study and guided by the United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs), we test the effects of 116 divestments announcements between 2014 and 2019 on 51 publicly traded fossil fuel companies. Our results suggest that there is a negative effect of these announcements on fossil fuel firm stock prices. Also, we find that the type of fossil fuel firm (coal or oil and gas), the type of divestment (partial, coal only, or full), the timing of the announcement, and the size of the divesting investor have some explanatory power in relation to the (cumulative) abnormal returns following the divestment announcements. While the negative impact on stock prices is not surprising, the reaction from the divested firms after such large divestitures is not consistent with what may be expected, given past reactions to divestitures seeking to achieve different social goals. Given the SDGs, it seems clear why investors are divesting themselves from fossil fuel firms, but why has the reaction to the 116 divestments led to very little change in the way these publicly traded fossil fuel firms do business given their direct and growing impacts on society? We conclude the study with some suggestions for future research.
Alantolactone inhibits oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells through nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2‐mediated reactive oxygen species increment
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Zhang Yunxiang , Huang Rong , Cao Lihua , Zhang Ying , Lian Maowei , Wang Zuo , Jin Jiajia , Tang Chu , Chen Tingting , Yan Linli , Yu Linze , Tian Ruimin , Xiang Xiaocong , Luo Lijun , Yu Chunlei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal cancer associated with a rapidly rising incidence and a poor prognosis. Alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from inula helenium, has anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective activities, and anticancer properties.ObjectiveIn the present study, the anticancer effects of alantolactone on the human EAC cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo.Methods and findingsAfter treated with alantolactone, the cell viability of KYAE‐1, KYAE‐2, OE19, and OE33 cells reduced significantly compared with that of the control cells. Alantolactone induced apoptosis of the EAC cell lines by inhibiting the protein expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, the apoptosis‐inducing effect of alantolactone was enhanced by Nrf2 knockdown while reduced by overexpression of Nrf2. Antioxidant α‐tocopherol and glutathione can protect EAC cell lines against alantolactone. A xenograft nude mice model showed that alantolactone can inhibit EAC growth in vivo.ConclusionsAlantolactone inhibits oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells through Nrf2‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) increment. Alantolactone maybe a potential therapeutical candidate for treating EAC.
How to support learning with multimedia instruction: Implementation intentions help even when load is high
Authors: Hoch Emely , Scheiter Katharina , Stalbovs Kim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is ample evidence that multimedia learning is challenging, and learners often underutilize appropriate cognitive processes. Previous research has applied prompts to promote the use of helpful cognitive processing. However, prompts still require learners to regulate their learning, which may interfere with learning, especially in situations where cognitive demands are already high. As an alternative, implementation intentions (i.e. if‐then plans) are expected to help regulate behaviour automatically due to their specific wording, thereby offloading demands. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating whether implementation intentions compared with prompts improve learning performance, especially under high cognitive load. Students (N = 120) learned either in a control condition without instructional support, with prompts, or with implementation intentions. Within each condition, half of the participants studied the multimedia instruction under conditions of either high or low cognitive load, which was experimentally manipulated by instructing them to perform one of two secondary tasks. In line with our hypotheses, the results showed that under low cognitive load, both prompts and implementation intentions led to better learning than the control condition. By contrast, under high cognitive load, only implementation intentions promoted learning. Thus, implementation intentions are an efficient means to promote learning even under challenging circumstances.
Prenatal socioenvironmental exposures and autism spectrum disorder: A web of confusion
Authors: Dickerson Aisha S. , Dickerson Asha S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough evidence of heritability for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is strong, studies of twin pairs suggest that at least some portion of the etiology is attributable to environmental factors, either directly or through interaction with genes. Given the multitude of environmental and psychosocial exposures that have been reported to increase atypical neurodevelopment in offspring, in this article, we summarize what prenatal air pollutant, chemical, and occupational exposures and psychosocial stressors have been reportedly associated with ASD and co‐occurring neurodevelopmental disorders. We highlight the consistencies in reported associations and recommend areas for research to close gaps in our understanding of environmental risk for ASD. Because this issue is of particular importance in historically marginalized communities and low‐ and middle‐income countries, we also discuss the importance of environmental justice issues and exposure disparities in research, and we advocate for prioritizing policies to reduce disparities and improve service provision in vulnerable populations.
Natural history of clinical features in two brothers with acromesomelic dysplasia related to PRKG2
Authors: Mollaoğlu Ezgi , Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Yıldız Ceren Ayça , Kasap Buşra , Tüysüz Beyhan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcromesomelic dysplasias (AMD) are a group of skeletal dysplasia characterized by shortening of the middle and distal segments of the limbs. Recently, biallelic PRKG2 variants have been reported to cause a new type of AMD. We detected biallelic novel variant (c.1635‐1G > C) in PRKG2 in two brothers with mild to severe short stature, short limbs, cubitus varus, and brachydactyly. Radiological examination showed platyspondyly with anterior beaking of the vertebral bodies, stubby long bones with metaphyseal flaring and moderate brachydactyly with cone‐shaped epiphyses of the middle and proximal phalanges. Upper limb proportions of the older brother were clinically classified as rhizomelic, however radiologic findings supported acromesomelia, along with the elbow limitation. Annual follow‐ups of the older brother from the age of 5 to 20 years revealed progression of short stature with age but platyspondyly and anterior beaking became less conspicuous. The younger brother showed milder short stature and less conspicuous disproportion of the limbs than those of the older brother; however, platyspondyly and anterior beaking were more prominent on the radiographs obtained at the same age. In conclusion, this report provides new insights into the natural history of AMD type PRKG2 confirming the intrafamilial heterogeneity.
Post‐transplant ejection fraction and renal failure in cardiac transplant recipients: An analysis of the OPTN database
Authors: Lai Mason , Aras Mandar A. , Park Meyeon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved life expectancy from a heart transplant, transplant recipients remain at high risk for renal dysfunction and failure, including end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). The onset of ESKD is a poor prognostic marker and is associated with increased mortality in this setting, as in others. There is a need to identify risk factors for ESKD among heart transplant recipients in contemporary settings.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of adult heart transplant recipients transplanted between 2008 and 2021 in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database. 22 737 adult recipients of heart transplants alone were included in this analysis. We examined LVEF measured 1 year after transplant, and LVEF updated annually for association with ESKD using multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsLVEF at 1‐year after transplant was associated with ESKD in multivariate models (Hazard Ratio 1.33 per 10‐unit decrease, 95% CI 1.23–1.43, p < .001). In multivariate models using categorized LVEF, mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF 40%–50%) was associated with ESKD (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.45–2.14, p < .001), as was reduced ejection fraction (EF < 40%, HR 2.86, 95% CI 2.01–4.07, p < .001), relative to individuals with preserved ejection fraction (EF > 50%). These associations were consistent when using annually updated ejection fraction.ConclusionsPost‐transplant left ventricular ejection fraction has value in predicting end stage kidney disease among adults who receive heart transplants alone. LVEF is routinely measured as part of contemporary post heart transplant care, and a diminished LVEF should signal to clinicians that a recipient is at increased risk of renal failure.
The evolution of wages in early modern Normandy (1600–1850)
Authors: Chambru Cédric , Maneuvrier‐Hervieu Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article presents new estimates of wages for Normandy between 1600 and 1850. We use a vast array of primary and secondary sources to assemble two new databases on wages and commodity prices to establish a new regional consumer price index (CPI) and twelve regional wage series. We find that unskilled labourers earned similar wages across the agricultural, maritime, and textile sectors. Historical evidence suggests that Norman employers grappled with a tight labour market, which placed more pressure on wage increases. We posit that this situation is best explained by the combination of the early fertility transition, resulting in slow demographic growth and the rapid development of the textile industry accelerated by the arrival of cotton. Finally, we also provide tentative evidence suggesting that labourers with stable employment could have earned a little less than their English counterparts during this period.
When do contrast sensitivity deficits (or enhancements) depend on spatial frequency? Two ways to avoid spurious interactions
Authors: Bi Howard , Abrham Yonatan , Butler Pamela D. , Hu Boyang , Keane Brian P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudies across a broad range of disciplines—from psychiatry to cognitive science to behavioural neuroscience—have reported on whether the magnitude of contrast sensitivity alterations in one group or condition varies with spatial frequency. Significant interactions have often gone unexplained or have been used to argue for impairments in specific processing streams. Here, we show that interactions with spatial frequency may need to be re‐evaluated if the inherent skew/heteroscedasticity was not taken into account or if visual acuity could plausibly differ across groups or conditions. By re‐analysing a publicly available data set, we show that—when using raw contrast sensitivity data—schizophrenia patients exhibit an apparent contrast sensitivity impairment that lessens with spatial frequency, but that when using log‐transformed data or when using generalized estimating equations, this interaction reversed. The reversed interaction, but not the overall contrast sensitivity deficit, disappeared when groups were matched on visual acuity. An analysis of the contrast threshold data yielded similar results. A caveat is that matching groups on acuity is probably only defensible if acuity differences arise from non‐neural factors such as optical blur. Taken together, these analyses reconcile seemingly discrepant findings in the literature and demonstrate that reporting contrast sensitivity interactions with spatial frequency requires properly accounting for visual acuity and skew/heteroscedasticity.