bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of five C‐glycosylflavones in normal and urolithiasis model rats following administration of total flavonoids from Desmodium styracifolium by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xue , Chen Chao , Zhang Tianjiao , Ding Nan , Zheng Peiyong , Yang Ming 
Published: June 2022

The total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium are the flavonoid extracts purified from Desmodii Styracifolii Herba, which has conventionally been used for treating urolithiasis in China. In this study, a sensitive and simple liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously determine five active components of the extracts in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation of the analytes (schaftoside, vicenin‐1, vicenin‐2, vicenin‐3, and isovitexin) was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 Column under gradient elution conditions. The calibration curves were linear over ranges from 0.5 to 100 ng/ml for schaftoside, vicenin‐1, vicenin‐2, and vicenin‐3, and 0.2–20 ng/ml for isovitexin. The relative standard deviation of intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were ≤6.8% and ≤8.3%, respectively, and the accuracies (relative error) were within ±7.6%. The recoveries of the analytes ranged between 97.3% and 100.3%, and the matrix effects ranged from 98.6% to 113.8%. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of the five active ingredients of Desmodium styracifolium, for the first time, in both normal and urolithiasis model rats. Results revealed that the plasma levels of these components were significantly increased under the pathological state. This study provided valuable information facilitating the clinical investigation of this medicine.
Trace determination of perchlorate in drinking water by capillary zone electrophoresis with isotachophoresis sample cleanup and conductivity detection
Authors: Žabenský Branislav , Bodor Róbert , Makata Dávid , Szucs Roman , Masár Marián 
Published: June 2022

An analytical test procedure for the direct determination of trace levels of perchlorate in drinking water by isotachophoresis combined with capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. A capillary electrophoresis analyzer with column coupling technology, capable of combining capillaries with different internal diameters, was employed in combination with conductivity detection. This combination of the capillary electrophoresis techniques facilitated preconcentration of the trace analytes and elimination of potentially interfering macro‐components. To eliminate the influence of weak and moderately strong acids on the migration of perchlorate, acidic leading electrolyte (pH 3.2) in the isotachophoresis step and acidic background electrolyte (pH 3.9) in the zone electrophoresis step were chosen. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the electrolytes enhanced the resolution of perchlorate from other anions, especially remaining anionic macro‐components. The developed method is characterized by good repeatability of migration time (relative standard deviation less than 0.2%) as well as peak area (relative standard deviation less than 5.9%), linearity (R = 0.9996), recoveries (100–112%), and sample throughput (90 samples/24 h). The limit of quantitation for perchlorate in drinking water was achieved at 12.5 nmol/L (1.25 μg/L). This approach is more sensitive and more robust than transient isotachophoresis and offers advantages over some more established analytical techniques such as ion chromatography.
Thinning effects on forest production and rainfall redistribution: Reduced soil water deficit and improved sustainability of semiarid plantation forestlands
Authors: Meng Ling‐Chao , Cui Zeng , Huang Ze , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , Dunkerley David , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale planted afforestation worldwide has exacerbated soil desiccation and led to a serious shortage of water resources for forests sustainability in semiarid areas. Consequently, thinning is discussed as an important management approach to conserve water resources and to maintain plantation forestland sustainability. Here, we explored the effects of thinning intensity on semiarid forest production and soil water supply. Three artificial forests of Populus cathayana with an age of 15 yr were selected and thinned with different intensities [1/3 amount of trees removed (T1/3), 2/3 amount of trees removed (T2/3), and using no thinning (NT) as a control]. Results showed that thinning presented a significant impact on the above‐ground three‐dimensional structure of planted forests and increased forest gaps. Meanwhile, the rainfall redistribution pattern changed significantly. Thinning increased throughfall (T1/3, 43% ± 9%; T2/3, 79% ± 18%), reduced stemflow (T1/3, −44 ± 2%; T2/3, −71% ± 2%), and increased the soil water replenishment (T1/3, 34% ± 7%; T2/3, 64% ± 19%) of forest land. Meanwhile, the dead root channel caused by thinning effectively increased the water infiltration rate and groundwater replenishment, and effectively reduced soil water deficit (T1/3, 41% ± 33%; T2/3, 57% ± 33%). Through trade‐off analysis, we found that non‐thinning aboveground biomass yields were the highest, and T2/3 yields higher water yield, while T1/3 can maintain acceptable aboveground biomass while keeping better soil water. We conclude that thinning increased soil water supply, reduced soil water deficit and maintained forestland sustainability, and there are synergies of thinning on forest production and soil water supply through rainfall redistribution for maintaining the sustainability of semiarid plantation forestlands.
Burden of early hospitalization after simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation: Results from the US Multicenter SLKT Consortium
Authors: Sharma Pratima , Xie Jiaheng , Wang Leyi , Zhang Min , Magee John , Answine Adeline , Barman Pranab , Jo Jennifer , Sinha Jasmine , Schluger Aaron , Perreault Gabriel J. , Walters Kara E. , Cullaro Giuseppe , Wong Randi , Filipek Natalia , Biggins Scott W. , Lai Jennifer C. , VanWagner Lisa B. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Patel Yuval A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The burden of early hospitalization (within 6 months) following simultaneous liver–kidney transplant (SLKT) is not known. We examined risk factors associated with early hospitalization after SLKT and their impact on patient mortality conditional on 6‐month survival. We used data from the US Multicenter SLKT Consortium cohort study of all adult SLKT recipients between 2002 and 2017 who were discharged alive following SLKT. We used Poisson regression to model rates of early hospitalizations after SLKT. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors associated with mortality conditional on survival at 6 months after SLKT. Median age (N = 549) was 57.7 years (interquartile range [IQR], 50.6–63.9) with 63% males and 76% Whites; 33% had hepatitis C virus, 20% had non–alcohol‐associated fatty liver disease, 23% alcohol‐associated liver disease, and 24% other etiologies. Median body mass index (BMI) and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–sodium scores were 27.2 kg/m2 (IQR, 23.6–32.2 kg/m2) and 28 (IQR, 23–34), respectively. Two‐thirds of the cohort had at least one hospitalization within the first 6 months of SLKT. Age, race, hospitalization at SLKT, diabetes mellitus, BMI, and discharge to subacute rehabilitation (SAR) facility after SLKT were independently associated with a high incidence rate ratio of early hospitalization. Number of hospitalizations within the first 6 months did not affect conditional survival. Early hospitalizations after SLKT were very common but did not affect conditional survival. Although most of the risk factors for early hospitalization were nonmodifiable, discharge to SAR after initial SLKT was associated with a significantly higher incidence rate of early hospitalization. Efforts and resources should be focused on identifying SLKT recipients at high risk for early hospitalization to optimize their predischarge care, discharge planning, and long‐term follow‐up.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Isosorbide‐Based Polyester Derivatives Decorated with α‐Acyloxy Amides
Authors: Döpping Daniel , Kern Johann , Rotter Nicole , Llevot Audrey , Theato Patrick , Mutlu Hatice 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe synergy of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and metathesis chemistry is applied for the synthesis of bio‐based functional isosorbide polymers (i.e., polyesters) decorated with α‐acyloxy amide motif. The chemical structure of the polyesters that are not accessible by any other conventional methodologies is characterized in‐depth via nuclear magnetic resonance, size‐exclusion chromatography, and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. It is also observed that the “biomass‐derived” carbon % of the polymers varied between 66.2 and 76.9. Moreover, the thermal properties of the novel isosorbide‐based polymers are investigated via thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, revealing that the polymers are in the amorphous state, identified by the glass transition temperature (Tg) values below the human body temperature. The mechanical properties and the biocompatibility of the functional novel polyester derivative with the highest “biomass‐derived” carbon % are evaluated via dynamic mechanical analysis and cytotoxicity test. The exemplary polymer is biocompatible with chondrocyte cells in the conditions used in the tests. In summary, the complementary nature of isosorbide derivatives with MCRs and metathesis chemistry is utilized to illustrate the potential utility of isosorbide as a building block for polymers with prospective biomedical application (namely, as novel cartilage materials).
Personalized auto‐segmentation for magnetic resonance imaging–guided adaptive radiotherapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Ma Xiangyu , Yan Xuena , Luo Fei , Yang Siran , Wang Zekun , Wu Runye , Wang Jianyang , Lu Ningning , Bi Nan , Yi Junlin , Wang Shulian , Li Yexiong , Dai Jianrong , Men Kuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeFast and accurate delineation of organs on treatment‐fraction images is critical in magnetic resonance imaging–guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRIgART). This study proposes a personalized auto‐segmentation (AS) framework to assist online delineation of prostate cancer using MRIgART.MethodsImage data from 26 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated using hypofractionated MRIgART (5 fractions per patient) were collected retrospectively. Daily pretreatment T2‐weighted MRI was performed using a 1.5‐T MRI system integrated into a Unity MR‐linac. First‐fraction image and contour data from 16 patients (80 image‐sets) were used to train the population AS model, and the remaining 10 patients composed the test set. The proposed personalized AS framework contained two main steps. First, a convolutional neural network was employed to train the population model using the training set. Second, for each test patient, the population model was progressively fine‐tuned with manually checked delineations of the patient's current and previous fractions to obtain a personalized model that was applied to the next fraction.ResultsCompared with the population model, the personalized models substantially improved the mean Dice similarity coefficient from 0.79 to 0.93 for the prostate clinical target volume (CTV), 0.91 to 0.97 for the bladder, 0.82 to 0.92 for the rectum, and 0.91 to 0.93 for the femoral heads, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed method can achieve accurate segmentation and potentially shorten the overall online delineation time of MRIgART.
Experimental helium‐beam radiography with a high‐energy beam: Water‐equivalent thickness calibration and first image‐quality results
Authors: Knobloch C. , Metzner M. , Kehrein F. , Schömers C. , Scheloske S. , Brons S. , Hermann R. , Peters A. , Jäkel O. , Martišíková M. , Gehrke T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeA clinical implementation of ion‐beam radiography (iRad) is envisaged to provide a method for on‐couch verification of ion‐beam treatment plans. The aim of this work is to introduce and evaluate a method for quantitative water‐equivalent thickness (WET) measurements for a specific helium‐ion imaging system for WETs that are relevant for imaging thicker body parts in the future.MethodsHelium‐beam radiographs (αRads) are measured at the Heidelberg Ion‐beam Therapy Center with an initial beam energy of 239.5 MeV/u. An imaging system based on three pairs of thin silicon pixel detectors is used for ion path reconstruction and measuring the energy deposition (dE) of each particle behind the object to be imaged. The dE behind homogeneous plastic blocks is related to their well‐known WETs between 280.6 and 312.6 mm with a calibration curve that is created by a fit to measured data points. The quality of the quantitative WET measurements is determined by the uncertainty of the measured WET of a single ion (single‐ion WET precision) and the deviation of a measured WET value to the well‐known WET (WET accuracy). Subsequently, the fitted calibration curve is applied to an energy deposition radiograph of a phantom with a complex geometry. The spatial resolution (modulation transfer function at 10 % —MTF10%) and WET accuracy (mean absolute percentage difference—MAPD) of the WET map are determined.ResultsIn the optimal imaging WET‐range from ∼280 to 300 mm, the fitted calibration curve reached a mean single‐ion WET precision of 1.55 0.00%. Applying the calibration to an ion radiograph (iRad) of a more complex WET distribution, the spatial resolution was determined to be MTF10% = 0.49 0.03 lp/mm and the WET accuracy was assessed as MAPD to 0.21 %.ConclusionsUsing a beam energy of 239.5 MeV/u and the proposed calibration procedure, quantitative αRads of WETs between ∼280 and 300 mm can be measured and show high potential for clinical use. The proposed approach with the resulting image qualities encourages further investigation toward the clinical application of helium‐beam radiography.
The adaptation states of women with urinary incontinence according to the Roy Adaptation Model: A qualitative study
Authors: Er Güneri Sezer , Şen Selma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore experiences of women with urinary incontinence (UI) according to the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM).MethodsA phenomenological design was used in this study, and its conceptual framework was formed by the RAM. The sample was composed of 12 women with UI. Face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews were conducted according to data collection tools. Semi‐structured interviews were recorded in audio‐recording device. Thematic approach was used to assess the data.ResultsThe average age of the women was 52.77 ± 7.32 years, seven women had menopause, eight had vaginal birth. According to the thematic approach, four main themes emerged: physiological mode, self‐esteem mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode and they had difficulties in this regard.ConclusionsThe results show that women cannot adapt to the problem of incontinence according to the dimensions of RAM. These factors are important to consider when developing strategies to address UI, diagnosis, and treatment.
Urethral pressure profile before radical prostatectomy as a predictor of early postoperative continence
Authors: Bakula Mirko , Hudolin Tvrtko , Kolar Mitrovic Helena , Kastelan Zeljko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective: Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common complications of radical prostatectomy (RP). Impaired urethral sphincter function is generally considered to be the most important contributing factor for UI; however, the mechanism of onset and recovery of urinary continence has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this research was to evaluate preoperative functional urethral length (FUL) and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) as early continence recovery predictors after open retropubic RP (ORRP).Methods: The research was conducted on a group of 43 patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) in the period from July 2019 to May 2021. The urodynamic method of urethral pressure profile (UPP) was used to assess FUL and MUCP, and correlate with the postprostatectomy continence recovery. The severity of UI and bothersome were assessed using fully validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) and number of pads used in 24 h. Patients were interviewed about the use of urinary pads and asked to fill out the ICIQ‐UI SF before and 2, 8, 16 and 24 weeks after ORRP.Results: The median value of FUL (mm) and MUCP (cmH2O) was 69 (28–94) and 76 (16–223), respectively. Correlation and linear regression showed a statistically significant negative correlation between preoperative values of FUL and MUCP with ICIQ symptom score and the number of pads used per day at the four observed time intervals (p < 0.05). Such a result showed that patients with higher preoperative FUL and MUCP values were more likely to recover urinary continence earlier. A value of 65 mm for FUL and 80 cmH2O for MUCP proved to be the cut‐off values for continence recovery in 24 weeks after ORRP.Conclusion: Preoperatively evaluated FUL and MUCP seem to be valuable prognostic factors for early continence recovery after ORRP. Further investigation on a larger patient cohort is needed to evaluate the role of UPP in the preoperative management of patients with PCa.
Government‐nonprofit partnerships outside the contracting relationship and public funding allocation: Evidence from New York City's park system
Authors: Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Li Zhengyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGovernment‐nonprofit partnerships outside the contracting relationship have become an increasingly important mechanism in financing and supporting public service provision. However, the relationship between these partnerships and public funding allocation remains unclear. We articulate two competing mechanisms—the substitution mechanism and the exchange mechanism—and empirically test them with a unique geocoded dataset of public park capital projects allocation in New York City. Our findings indicate that parks units supported by government‐nonprofit partnerships are likely to receive more public capital project funding, which supports the exchange mechanism. In addition, larger parks with a more populous community surrounding them get more public capital funding allocation. As governments at all levels are seeking new ways to finance and manage public service provision, many more empirical studies in other service subsectors, time periods, and geographical contexts are required to draw more general conclusions about how government‐nonprofit partnerships may influence public funding allocation and how such dynamics may compromise or promote equitable public service provision.
A tale of two bridges: Factors influencing career choices of trainee nursing associates in England: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: King Rachel Louise , Taylor Bethany , Laker Sara , Wood Emily , Senek Michaela , Tod Angela , Ryan Tony , Snowden Sally , Robertson Steven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe nursing associate role has created a new second‐level nursing role and provided an alternative route into registered nursing. For some, this provides a previously inaccessible opportunity for career progression. The aim of the study was to understand the factors that influence career choices of trainee nursing associates.DesignA longitudinal qualitative study of trainee nursing associate motivations, experiences and career aspirations.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with trainee nursing associates from across England, UK, in February 2020 (N = 14) and March 2021 (N = 13). Diary data were also collected. Interview and diary data were analysed thematically. Reporting has followed COREQ guidelines.ResultsNursing associate training was viewed by some as a bridge into registered nursing. Role ambiguity led several to seek perceived security offered by the Registered Nurse profession. Those preferring to remain as nursing associates were keen to embed the bridging role between healthcare assistants and Registered Nurses, valuing a positive workplace culture.
A scoping review of spirituality and religiosity in people who have had a kidney transplant
Authors: Mckie Amanda L. , Gaida Fellon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo conduct a scoping review to discover what is known about the presence of spirituality and religiosity in people who have received a kidney transplant.DesignUsing Arksey and O'Malley's five‐stage framework, a scoping review of seven key databases was performed in June 2020. The scoping review follows the PRISMA extension for scoping review process.MethodsCINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, OvidPsychINFO, JBI, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched to identify original research, from which seven studies were identified with only four meeting the criteria. The search strategy focused on studies that were published between January 2000‐May 2020.ResultsIn synthesizing the available research, two key areas of interest were identified within the included studies, (1) clinical outcomes (medical adherence, renal function and transplant‐related outcomes) and (2) well‐being outcomes (locus of control and coping).
Proton beam radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: challenges and opportunities in the modern era
Authors: Verma Vivek , Lin Steven H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs the NRG GI006 and PROTECT trials seek to confirm results of the first randomized trial supporting the utility of proton beam therapy for esophageal cancer, several outstanding questions are discussed in this review. First, the applicability/extrapolation of the existing randomized trial is mentioned. This includes a potentially larger benefit of PBT at non‐high‐volume centers with less surgical expertise, along with the emerging use of active scanning PBT approaches that could further improve toxicity profiles. Patient selection for PBT is then discussed, including differential utility for patients based on the degree of baseline comorbidities, the extent/location of disease, and the surgical case volume at the treating institution. PBT in the setting of emerging techniques, such as minimally invasive esophagectomy, is also mentioned. Next, costs of PBT and insurance coverage hurdles are described, especially regarding pre‐specified agreements between providers/institutions and payors, the need for cost‐effectiveness analyses for PBT in this population, and effects of the new radiation oncology alternative payment model. Finally, immunotherapy has now become a standard option for esophageal cancer (resected or unresected/recurrent/metastatic cases). Therefore, in the context of immunotherapy for these patients, revisiting the role of radiation dose‐escalation and elective nodal irradiation may be required.