bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of starches from colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) varieties
Authors: Peng Mingjun , Yin Lisha , Dong Jilin , Shen Ruiling , Zhu Yingying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe quinoa flour processing is mostly subject to the properties of starch. Starches from four colored quinoa varieties, including white quinoa (QS‐W), yellow quinoa (QS‐Y), red (QS‐R), and black (QS‐B), were compared with respect to their physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility. Results indicated that QS‐B exhibited the highest content of amylose (8.14%) (p < 0.05). All starch samples exhibited as irregular sphere with a particle size less than 3 µm. Results of the FT‐IR and X‐ray showed that the short‐range order of the four quinoa starches exhibited no significant difference; all starches showed a typical A‐type diffractrometric pattern and was not affected by seed color, and QS‐Y had the highest relative crystallinity (34.3%) (p < 0.05). In addition, QS‐W reflected the highest solubility (6.32%) and QS‐Y showed the highest swelling power (19.45 g/g) (p < 0.05). QS‐Y also presented a higher ΔH value (11.46 J/g) (p < 0.05), while QS‐R peak temperature and peak Gʹ were the lowest. Besides, QS‐B had the highest slow‐digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) content, while the lowest estimated glycemic index (eGI) value (p < 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between hydrolysis rates and amylose content of quinoa starch.Practical ApplicationDue to the low gelatinization temperature of quinoa starch, it can be used to both produce and improve instant and fast food products. Quinoa starch particles are small, and Pickering emulsions and additives have potential application values. Red quinoa contains easily digestible starch, which can be a good food choice for infants and the elderly, while white quinoa starch has less swelling power and can be used in noodle products. The results of this study can help to underpin the study of quinoa nonstarch components versus starch component.
Detection and population genomics of sea turtle species via noninvasive environmental DNA analysis of nesting beach sand tracks and oceanic water
Authors: Farrell Jessica A. , Whitmore Liam , Mashkour Narges , Rollinson Ramia Devon R. , Thomas Rachel S. , Eastman Catherine B. , Burkhalter Brooke , Yetsko Kelsey , Mott Cody , Wood Larry , Zirkelbach Bette , Meers Lucas , Kleinsasser Pat , Stock Sharon , Libert Elizabeth , Herren Richard , Eastman Scott , Crowder Whitney , Bovery Caitlin , Anderson David , Godfrey David , Condron Nancy , Duffy David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElusive aquatic wildlife, such as endangered sea turtles, are difficult to monitor and conserve. As novel molecular and genetic technologies develop, it is possible to adapt and optimize them for wildlife conservation. One such technology is environmental (e)DNA – the detection of DNA shed from organisms into their surrounding environments. We developed species‐specific green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtle probe‐based qPCR assays, which can detect and quantify sea turtle eDNA in controlled (captive tank water and sand samples) and free ranging (oceanic water samples and nesting beach sand) settings. eDNA detection complemented traditional in‐water sea turtle monitoring by enabling detection even when turtles were not visually observed. Furthermore, we report that high throughput shotgun sequencing of eDNA sand samples enabled sea turtle population genetic studies and pathogen monitoring, demonstrating that noninvasive eDNA techniques are viable and efficient alternatives to biological sampling (e.g., biopsies and blood draws). Genetic information was obtained from sand many hours after nesting events, without having to observe or interact with the target individual. This greatly reduces the sampling stress experienced by nesting mothers and emerging hatchlings, and avoids sacrificing viable eggs for genetic analysis. The detection of pathogens from sand indicates significant potential for increased wildlife disease monitoring capacity and viral variant surveillance. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of eDNA approaches to ultimately help understand and conserve threatened species such as sea turtles.
Genesis of Silica‐phosphatic Nodules with Small Shelly Fossils Preserved in the Lowermost Cambrian of South China
Authors: QIU Hao , FENG Lianjun , CHU Xuelei , LI Luoyang , ZHANG Xingliang , LI Jinhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilica‐phosphatic nodules are abundant in black shales of the Yanjiahe Formation in the Three Gorges Area of South China, which is correlated to the Fortunian Stage, Terreneuvian Series, Cambrian System. The nodules are rich in small shelly fossils and hence attract the attention of numerous paleontologists and sedimentary geologists. However, the genesis of the nodules and the preservation of the small shelly fossils are poorly understood. Here we analyze morphological, structural, mineralogical and chemical features of the nodules in multiscale using a combination of micro‐X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser Raman spectroscopy. Results reveal that nodules are concentric in chemical and mineralogical compositions, comprising a silica‐phosphatic core encrusted sequentially by a phosphatic zone, a siliceous zone and a very thin pyrite outer rim. The black shales hosting the nodules demonstrate a laminated texture of alternating clayey and silty laminae, which were respectively deposited in sulfidic/less sulfidic, high/low production, intense/weak chemical weathering conditions. The phosphogenesis of the nodules resulted in the phosphatization of small shelly fossils, which prevented the fossils from being dissolved during diagenesis, whereas the silica encrustation sealed the fossils within the nodules and thus protected the fossils from alteration by deep burial and surface weathering.
Anxiety sensitivity and cannabis use motives among trauma‐exposed young adult cannabis users
Authors: Short Nicole A. , Evans Mariah K. , Raudales Alexa M. , Shapiro Mary , Weiss Nicole H. , Schmidt Norman B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAnxiety sensitivity, or fear of anxious arousal, may be an important risk factor for problematic cannabis use. Specifically, anxiety sensitivity may motivate cannabis use to cope with distress, particularly among trauma‐exposed individuals. The current study tested associations among anxiety sensitivity, its subdomains, and cannabis use motives in a sample of trauma‐exposed cannabis users. We hypothesized elevated anxiety sensitivity, particularly cognitive concerns, would be associated with increased maladaptive coping use motives, after covarying for the number of traumas and cannabis use quantity.MethodHypotheses were tested in a cross‐sectional study of trauma‐exposed young adult cannabis users (N = 56) (Mage = 20.7 years, 59% women, 73% white). Participants completed self‐report measures, and a clinical interview assessing cannabis use quantity.ResultsMultiple regression analyses indicated that elevated anxiety sensitivity was associated with increased cannabis use coping motives, after covarying for the number of traumas experienced and cannabis use quantity. Specifically, higher levels of anxiety sensitivity cognitive and social concerns were associated with coping motives for cannabis use.Discussion and ConclusionsAnxiety sensitivity, particularly concerns about cognitive dyscontrol and negative social evaluations of anxious arousal, may motivate cannabis use to cope with stress among trauma‐exposed cannabis users. Future research should include prospective studies with diverse samples to replicate results and determine whether intervening on anxiety sensitivity could reduce maladaptive coping motives for cannabis use.Scientific SignificanceThe current study replicates prior research indicating anxiety sensitivity, particularly cognitive concerns, is associated with maladaptive cannabis use. Expanding on prior research, findings indicated anxiety sensitivity is associated with coping motives for cannabis use among trauma‐exposed cannabis users.
Clinical outcomes after positron emission tomography/computed tomography‐based image‐guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Kim Nalee , Park Won , Cho Won Kyung , Cho Young Seok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough positron‐emission tomography (PET) plays an integral role in cervix cancer diagnosis, there are limited data on PET‐based image‐guided brachytherapy (IGBT). We aimed to report the long‐term outcomes of PET‐based IGBT.MethodsWe reviewed 151 patients treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT), including PET‐based IGBT between 2009 and 2018. After median 45 Gy of external beam RT with the four‐field technique, a median 24 Gy of high‐dose‐rate iridium‐192 IGBT was delivered in six fractions with Fletcher‐Suit tandem and ovoids. All patients underwent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET/computed tomography planning with a brachytherapy applicator. Multivariable analysis of local control (LC) was performed using Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe median high‐risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and HRCTV D90% were 51.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 35.9–79.4) cm3 and 77.7 (IQR 74.7–81.2) Gy, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 57 (IQR 24.3–81.4) months, the 5‐year LC rate was 89.2%. HRCTV ≥72 cm3 was associated with inferior LC (hazard ratio, 3.72, p = .017) after multivariable analysis: the 5‐year LC rates were 94.0% and 77.9% for HRCTVs ≥72 and < 72 cm3, respectively (p = .002). The impact of HRCTV D90% ≥70 Gy on LC was significant in patients with an HRCTV ≥72 cm3 compared to that in those with HRCTV < 72 cm3. Patients with adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma demonstrated inferior LC in both groups. There were 13 (8.6%) and 11 (7.3%) patients with acute and late severe toxicities after RT.ConclusionPET‐based IGBT leads to favorable LC, and HRCTV ≥72 cm3 requires further dose escalation to improve outcomes.
Early experience with the Impella pump: Single‐center registry
Authors: Zubarevich Alina , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Szczechowicz Marcin , Luedike Peter , Koch Achim , Pizanis Nikolaus , Kamler Markus , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander , Schmack Bastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid development of mechanical circulatory support technologies, patients presenting with cardiogenic shock have gained access to various treatment opportunities which were not until recently available. The Impella® pump (Abiomed, Danvers, USA) is a minimally invasive device which provides excellent left ventricular unloading and full circulatory support. The aim of the study was to review our center's experience with Impella® and to analyze the major adverse events associated with the device.MethodsFrom January 2020 to January 2022, a total of 32 patients underwent Impella® implantation at our center for various indications.ResultsThe mean age at surgery was 60.3 ± 12.4 years and 9.4% were female. All patients presented with acute cardiogenic shock in INTERMACS Class I (53.1%) and INTERMACS Class II (46.9%). Twenty‐six patients (81.25%) out of the whole cohort have been mobilized on Impella® support. Seventeen patients (53.1%) have been weaned from the Impella® support and 10 patients (31.3%) have been bridged to durable LVAD. The median time on Impella® was 7 days (IQR 5.0–11.0). 30‐day mortality was 37.5%, with 56.25% survival until hospital discharge. Only one patient developed vascular complications consisting of arm hypoperfusion. There were no cases of stroke on Impella® support.ConclusionThe Impella® axial‐flow pump seems an appropriate therapeutic option for patients with acute cardiogenic shock requiring partial or full hemodynamic support. It also provides sufficient left ventricular unloading to allow full mobilization and neurological assessment of the patients. Furthermore, Impella® offers a high rate of myocardial recovery.
Disease activity and therapeutic drug monitoring of polyglutamates of methotrexate after daily or weekly administration of low‐dose methotrexate in patients recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Báez Ana Socorro , Huerta‐García Ana Patricia , Medellín‐Garibay Susanna Edith , Rodríguez‐Pinal Cristian Jazmín , Martínez‐Martínez Marco Ulises , Herrera‐Van Oostdam David , Abud‐Mendoza Carlos , Romano‐Moreno Silvia , Milán‐Segovia Rosa del Carmen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow‐dose methotrexate can be challenging to treat rheumatoid arthritis due to side effects, lack of adherence and risk of medication errors. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of low‐dose methotrexate administered daily or weekly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients were randomized according to a total oral dose of 12.5 mg of methotrexate administered: (A) divided in 5 days/week and (B) once per week. Patients were assessed along 24 weeks after starting treatment. Polyglutamates of methotrexate were quantified by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer. Patients from groups A and B showed a good response to methotrexate treatment in 29% and 25.5%, respectively, and a global frequency of adverse events of 37%. Methotrexate polyglutamate 3 concentrations were higher in normal weight (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) than in obese (body mass index 30 kg/m2) patients with a median (interquartile range) of 28 (17.95–45.15) and 10.35 (5.22–30.88) nM without differences between dosage groups. Daily dosage regimen represents a therapeutic alternative without compromising the efficacy and safety of methotrexate treatment and with similar adherence patterns than weekly dosage regimen; further, methotrexate polyglutamate 3 concentrations could be a useful tool for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes.
Motivations for social withdrawal and academic adjustment in emerging adulthood
Authors: McVarnock Alicia M. , Closson Leanna M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile social withdrawal in childhood is typically associated with lower academic functioning, little is known about how motivations for social withdrawal may be connected to academic adjustment in emerging adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between social withdrawal motivations (i.e., shyness, avoidance and unsociability) and indices of academic adjustment, including academic achievement (i.e., grade point average [GPA]) and academic motivation (i.e., intrinsic value, self‐efficacy and test anxiety), while accounting for gender and conscientiousness. Participants were 623 emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 (Mage = 20.15, SD = 1.67; 79% female) who were currently attending university. Hierarchical regression results showed that shyness was negatively associated with intrinsic value and self‐efficacy. Whereas shyness was positively associated with test anxiety, avoidance was negatively associated with test anxiety. Social withdrawal motivations were not associated with GPA. The findings suggest that some motivations for social withdrawal play a role in university students’ academic motivation, but not their academic achievement.
Persistent symptoms of fatigue, neuropathy and role‐functioning impairment among indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: A longitudinal PROFILES registry study
Authors: Ekels Afke , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. , Posthuma Eduardus F. M. , Kieffer Jacobien , Issa Djamila E. , Koster Adrianus , Nijziel Marten R. , Pruijt Johannes H. F. M. , Stevens Wendy B. C. , Tick Lidwine W. , Oerlemans Simone 
Published: April 2022

SummaryLittle is known about the long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and persistence of symptoms among patients with indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). This large population‐based longitudinal study therefore investigated the long‐term HRQoL and persistence of symptoms and identified associated sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors. Patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2014 and four or more months after diagnosis were invited to participate in a longitudinal survey. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The EORTC QLQ‐C30 and CLL‐16 were completed by 669 patients (74% response rate). Patients completed on average four questionnaires. Primary treatment was active surveillance (52%), systemic therapy (31%) or radiotherapy (13%). Respectively, 36% reported persistent fatigue, 33% persistent neuropathy and 25% persistent role‐functioning impairment. This was 2–3 times higher than in the age‐ and sex‐matched normative population. Up to 10 years after diagnosis, scores remained relatively stable without clinically relevant changes. Comorbidities, psychological distress, shorter time since diagnosis, systemic therapy, younger age, education level and having no partner were associated with worse outcomes (all ps < 0.05). Up to a third of patients with iNHL experience long‐term persistent symptoms which do not improve over time. Early recognition of symptoms will help in providing tailored supportive care for those in need.
Preventive behaviours during the pandemic: The role of collective rituals, emotional synchrony, social norms and moral obligation
Authors: Zlobina Anna , Dávila María Celeste 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present research focuses on the role of collective, social influence and intraindividual processes in shaping preventive behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In two correlational studies conducted in Spain, we explored the impact of participation in the ritual of collective applause (carried out daily for over 70 days during the lockdown) and perceived social norms in fostering behavioural adherence to public health measures, as well as the mediating role of perceived emotional synchrony and a sense of moral obligation. The first study (general population,N = 528) was conducted in June 2020, just after the end of the lockdown, and the second study (students,N = 292) was carried out eight months later. The results of the structural equations modelling (SEM) consistently confirmed that active participation in collective applause was linked to more intense emotional synchrony and indirectly predicted self‐reported preventive behaviour. Perceived social norms predicted self‐reported behavioural compliance directly and also indirectly, via feelings of moral obligation. The discussion addresses some meaningful variations in the results and also focuses on the implications of the findings for both theory and psychosocial intervention.
Glycoprotein NMB promotes tumor formation and malignant progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Manevich Lev , Okita Yukari , Okano Yasuhito , Sugasawa Takehito , Kawanishi Kunio , Poullikkas Thanasis , Dang Cao Linda T. L. , Zheng Ling , Nakayama Masahiro , Matsumoto Shin , Tabuchi Keiji , Kato Mitsuyasu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), although one of the most common head and neck cancers, has a static or slightly decreased survival rate because of difficulties in early diagnosis, lack of effective molecular targeting therapy, and severe dysfunction after radical surgical treatments. Therefore, a novel therapeutic target is crucial to increase treatment efficacy and survival rates in these patients. Glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB), whose role in LSCC remains elusive, is a type 1 transmembrane protein involved in malignant progression of various cancers, and its high expression is thought to be a poor prognostic factor. In this study, we showed that GPNMB expression levels in LSCC samples are significantly higher than those in normal tissues, and GPNMB expression is observed mostly in growth‐arrested cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of GPNMB reduces monolayer cellular proliferation, cellular migration, and tumorigenic growth, while GPNMB protein displays an inverse relationship with Ki‐67 levels. Therefore, we conclude that GPNMB may be an attractive target for future LSCC therapy.
Developmental referrals of pre‐school children in a diverse community in England: The importance of parental migration for referral rates
Authors: Allport Tom , Ambrose Alissamaryam , Collin Simon M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren born to migrant parents have higher rates of language difficulties, intellectual disability and autism. This study explores the relationship between migration, ethnicity and reasons for early years referrals to community paediatrics in a diverse multi‐cultural population in a city in south west England.MethodsObservational retrospective study from a community paediatric service serving a multi‐cultural urban population from June 2012 to February 2016. We tested associations of ethnicity and parental birth origin with reason for referral (developmental or non‐developmental) for children under 5 years old and estimated crude rate ratios for referrals using population census data.ResultsData were available for 514 children (52% white or mixed race, 16% Asian, 21% African diaspora, and 11.5% Somali); 53% had two UK‐born parents while 22% had two migrant (non‐UK‐born) parents. Referrals were for developmental reasons in 307 (60%) including 86 for possible autism. Parental birth origin and ethnicity were associated with reason for referral (p < 0.001). Children from African diaspora, Asian or Somali backgrounds had more than twice the rate (rate ratio [RR] 2.37, 95% CI 1.88–2.99, p < 0.001) of developmental referrals compared with white or mixed‐race children. Children of Somali or African diaspora ethnicity were, respectively, six‐times (RR 5.99, 95% CI 3.24–10.8, p < 0.001) and four times (RR 4.23, 95% CI 2.44–7.29, p < 0.001) more likely to be referred for possible autism spectrum than their white or mixed‐race peers. Developmental referral as a proportion of all referrals was twice as high among children with one migrant parent (20.4%) and three times as high among children with two migrant parents (29.5%), compared with children whose parents were both UK‐born (10.7%).ConclusionsThis study supports the importance of ethnicity and parental migration as factors in young children experiencing developmental difficulties, especially concerns about social communication or autism.
“So, like, it’s all a mix of one”: Intersecting contexts of adolescents’ ethnic‐racial socialization
Authors: Sladek Michael R. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Hardesty Jennifer L. , Aguilar Gladys , Bates David , Bayless Sara Douglass , Gomez Elisa , Hur Connie K. , Ison Ashley , Jones Shandra , Luo Hua , Satterthwaite‐Freiman Megan , Vázquez Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCultural‐ecological theories posit that ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) development is shaped by transactions between contexts of ethnic‐racial socialization, yet research considering intersections among multiple contexts is limited. In this study, Black, Latino, White, and Asian American adolescents (N = 98; Mage = 16.26, SD = 1.09; 55.1% female identifying) participated in surveys and focus group discussions (2013–2014) to share insights into ERI development in context. Using consensual qualitative research, results indicated: (a) family ethnic‐racial socialization intersects with community‐based, peer, media, and school socialization; (b) ethnic‐racial socialization occurs outside family through intersections between peer, school, community‐based, and media settings; and (c) ethnic‐racial socialization is embedded within systems of racial oppression across contexts. Discussion includes implications for future research and interventions supporting youth ERI.