bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation of viral genomes by replicating ammonia-oxidising archaea during soil nitrification
Authors: Lee Sungeun , Sieradzki Ella T , Nicol Graeme W , Hazard Christina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) are a ubiquitous component of microbial communities and dominate the first stage of nitrification in some soils. While we are beginning to understand soil virus dynamics, we have no knowledge of the composition or activity of those infecting nitrifiers or their potential to influence processes. This study aimed to characterise viruses having infected autotrophic AOA in two nitrifying soils of contrasting pH by following transfer of assimilated CO2-derived 13C from host to virus via DNA stable-isotope probing and metagenomic analysis. Incorporation of 13C into low GC mol% AOA and virus genomes increased DNA buoyant density in CsCl gradients but resulted in co-migration with dominant non-enriched high GC mol% genomes, reducing sequencing depth and contig assembly. We therefore developed a hybrid approach where AOA and virus genomes were assembled from low buoyant density DNA with subsequent mapping of 13C isotopically enriched high buoyant density DNA reads to identify activity of AOA. Metagenome-assembled genomes were different between the two soils and represented a broad diversity of active populations. Sixty-four AOA-infecting viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were identified with no clear relatedness to previously characterised prokaryote viruses. These vOTUs were also distinct between soils, with 42% enriched in 13C derived from hosts. The majority were predicted as capable of lysogeny and auxiliary metabolic genes included an AOA-specific multicopper oxidase suggesting infection may augment copper uptake essential for central metabolic functioning. These findings indicate virus infection of AOA may be a frequent process during nitrification with potential to influence host physiology and activity.
Structural basis of synthetic agonist activation of the nuclear receptor REV-ERB
Authors: Murray Meghan H. , Valfort Aurore Cecile , Koelblen Thomas , Ronin Céline , Ciesielski Fabrice , Chatterjee Arindam , Veerakanellore Giri Babu , Elgendy Bahaa , Walker John K. , Hegazy Lamees , Burris Thomas P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe nuclear receptor REV-ERB plays an important role in a range of physiological processes. REV-ERB behaves as a ligand-dependent transcriptional repressor and heme has been identified as a physiological agonist. Our current understanding of how ligands bind to and regulate transcriptional repression by REV-ERB is based on the structure of heme bound to REV-ERB. However, porphyrin (heme) analogues have been avoided as a source of synthetic agonists due to the wide range of heme binding proteins and potential pleotropic effects. How non-porphyrin synthetic agonists bind to and regulate REV-ERB has not yet been defined. Here, we characterize a high affinity synthetic REV-ERB agonist, STL1267, and describe its mechanism of binding to REV-ERB as well as the method by which it recruits transcriptional corepressor both of which are unique and distinct from that of heme-bound REV-ERB.
Modulation leakage-free continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Hajomer Adnan A. E. , Jain Nitin , Mani Hossein , Chin Hou-Man , Andersen Ulrik L. , Gehring Tobias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDistributing cryptographic keys over public channels in a way that can provide information-theoretic security is the holy grail for secure communication. This can be achieved by exploiting quantum mechanical principles in so-called quantum key distribution (QKD). Continuous-variable (CV) QKD based on coherent states, in particular, is an attractive scheme for secure communication since it requires only standard telecommunication technology that can operate at room temperature. However, a recently discovered side-channel created in the process of state preparation leads to a leakage of information about the transmitted quantum state, opening a security loophole for eavesdroppers to compromise the security of the CVQKD system. Here, we present a CVQKD system without this modulation leakage vulnerability. Our implementation is based on a baseband modulation approach and uses an in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulator for state preparation and radio frequency heterodyne detection together with carefully designed digital signal processing for state measurement. We consider practical aspects in the implementation and demonstrate the generation of a composable secret key secure against collective attacks. This work is a step towards protecting CVQKD systems against practical imperfections of physical devices and operational limitations without performance degradation.
Thresholds for the presence of glacial megafauna in central Europe during the last 60,000 years
Authors: Sirocko Frank , Albert Johannes , Britzius Sarah , Dreher Frank , Martínez-García Alfredo , Dosseto Anthony , Burger Joachim , Terberger Thomas , Haug Gerald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLake sediment records from Holzmaar and the infilled maar of Auel (Eifel, Germany) are used to reconstruct landscape changes and megafauna abundances. Our data document a forested landscape from 60,000 to 48,000 yr b2k and a stepwise vegetation change towards a glacial desert after 26,000 yr b2k. The Eifel landscape was continuously inhabited from 48,000 to 9000 yr b2k by large mammals, documented by the presence of spores of coprophilous fungi from Sordaria and Sporormiella fungi that grow on fecal remains of the megafauna. Megafauna reached higher numbers during cold stadial climates but was present also during the warmer interstadials. Highest abundance was at 56,500/48,500/38,500/33,000/27,000/21,000/16,200/14,000 yr b2k, i.e. under different climate regimes. Some of these dates were associated with clear human presence, which indicates that megafauna was not overkilled by humans. In contrast, human presence could quite likely have been stimulated by the abundant food supply. Megafauna presence decreased significantly when tree abundance increased during interstadials. The Megafauna disappeared finally at 11,400 yr b2k with the development of the early Holocene forest cover, which appears to be the most important threshold for megafauna presence.
Chinese technical terminology extraction based on DC-value and information entropy
Authors: Liwei Zhang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChina's technology is developing rapidly, and the number of patent applications has surged. Therefore, there is an urgent need for technical managers and researchers that how to apply computer technology to conduct in-depth mining and analysis of lots of Chinese patent documents to efficiently use patent information, perform technological innovation and avoid R&D risks. Automatic term extraction is the basis of patent mining and analysis, but many existing approaches focus on extracting domain terms in English, which are difficult to extend to Chinese due to the distinctions between Chinese and English languages. At the same time, some common Chinese technical terminology extraction methods focus on the high-frequency characteristics, while technical domain correlation characteristic and the unithood feature of terminology are given less attention. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes a Chinese technical terminology method based on DC-value and information entropy to achieve automatic extraction of technical terminology in Chinese patents. The empirical results show that the presented algorithm can effectively extract the technical terminology in Chinese patent literatures and has a better performance than the C-value method, the log-likelihood ratio method and the mutual information method, which has theoretical significance and practical application value.
An estriol-eluting pessary to treat pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Long Jingjunjiao , Zidan Ghada , Seyfoddin Ali , Tong Stephen , Brownfoot Fiona C. , Chowdary Prathima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse affects up to 50% of parous women. Commonly used treatment options have unwelcome attributes; pessaries can cause erosion and estrogen creams need to be applied frequently, which is inconvenient and difficult to administer. This study involved the development of an estriol-releasing pessary utilising 3D printing molds. We incorporated varying amounts of estriol (1%, 10% and 15%) into the silicone pessary. We optimised the mechanical aspects of the pessary so it had a similar strength to commercially available pessaries. We investigated estriol release from the pessary over 3 months. We explored possible interactions between the drug and polymers via FTIR. The MED-4870 silicone ring with similar mechanical strength to pessaries currently used to treat pelvic organ prolapse. The medical pessaries present a sustained release in simulated vaginal fluid over 3 months. The pessary with 10% estriol delivered the optimal dose at 0.8 mg each week. Mechanical strength of this pessary showed no difference after emersion in simulated vaginal fluid for 3-month, supporting the long-term application. An estriol-loaded pessary was successfully developed to treat pelvic organ prolapse with sustained release of estriol over 3 months. This pessary provides promising potential to treat pelvic organ prolapse and vaginal atrophy.
Scalable true random number generator using adiabatic superconductor logic
Authors: Luo Wenhui , Chen Olivia , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki , Takeuchi Naoki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlternative computing such as stochastic computing and bio-inspired computing holds promise for overcoming the limitations of von Neumann computers. However, one difficulty in the implementation of such alternative computing is the need for a large number of random bits at the same time. To address this issue, we propose a scalable true-random-number generating scheme that we refer to as XORing shift registers (XSR). XSR generates multiple uncorrelated true random bitstreams using only two true random number generators as entropy sources and can thus be implemented by a variety of logic devices. Toward superconducting alternative computing, we implement XSR using an energy-efficient superconductor logic family, adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic. Furthermore, to demonstrate its performance, we design and observe an AQFP-based XSR circuit that generates four random bitstreams in parallel. The results of the experiment confirm that the bitstreams generated by the XSR circuit exhibit no autocorrelation and that there is no correlation between the bitstreams.
Exercise alters the circadian rhythm of REV-ERB-α and downregulates autophagy-related genes in peripheral and central tissues
Authors: da Rocha Alisson L. , Pinto Ana P. , Bedo Bruno L. S. , Morais Gustavo P. , Oliveira Luciana C. , Carolino Ruither O. G. , Pauli Jose R. , Simabuco Fernando M. , de Moura Leandro P. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , Cintra Dennys E. , Rivas Donato A. , da Silva Adelino S. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transcriptional repressor REV-ERB-α, encoded by Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (Nr1d1), has been considered to play an essential role in the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity adaptation and muscle mass control. Also, this molecule regulates autophagy via the repression of autophagy-related genes both in skeletal muscle and brain regions. Classically, training programs based on endurance or strength characteristics enhance skeletal muscle mass content and/or oxidative capacity, leading to autophagy activation in several tissues. Thus, it seems that REV-ERB-α regulates similar responses induced by exercise. However, how this molecule responds to different exercise models/intensities in different tissues is still unclear. Therefore, the main aim was to characterize the responses of REV-ERB-α and autophagy-related genes to different exercise protocols (endurance/interval run/strength) in distinct tissues (gastrocnemius, soleus and hippocampus). Since REV-ERB-α presents a circadian rhythm, the analyses were performed in a time-course manner. The endurance and strength groups attenuated REV-ERB-α transcriptional response during the time course in gastrocnemius and soleus. Conversely, the interval group enhanced the Nr1d1 expression in the hippocampus. All protocols downregulated the REV-ERB-α protein levels in gastrocnemius following the exercise session with concomitant nuclear exclusion. The major autophagy-related genes presented downregulation after the exercise session in all analyzed tissues. Altogether, these results highlight that REV-ERB-α is extremely sensitive to physical exercise stimuli, including different models and intensities in skeletal muscle and the hippocampus.
Preterm toddlers have low nighttime sleep quality and high daytime activity
Authors: Asaka Yoko , Mitani Yusuke , Ohta Hidenobu , Nakazawa Takayo , Fukutomi Rika , Kobayashi Kyoko , Kumagai Mayuko , Shinohara Hitomi , Yoshida Michiko , Ando Akiko , Yoshimura Yuko , Nakagawa Machiko , Oishi Yoshihisa , Mizushima Masato , Adachi Hiroyuki , Kaneshi Yosuke , Morioka Keita , Seto Yoshitaka , Shimabukuro Rinshu , Hirata Michio , Ikeda Takashi , Ozawa Miwa , Takeshima Masahiro , Manabe Atsushi , Takahashi Tsutomu , Mishima Kazuo , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Yoda Hitoshi , Kusakawa Isao , Cho Kazutoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA number of studies have been made on the sleep characteristics of children born preterm in an attempt to develop methods to address the sleep problems commonly observed among such children. However, the reported sleep characteristics from these studies vary depending on the observation methods used, i.e., actigraphy, polysomnography and questionnaire. In the current study, to obtain reliable data on the sleep characteristics of preterm-born children, we investigated the difference in sleep properties between 97 preterm and 97 term toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age using actigraphy. Actigraphy units were attached to the toddlers’ waists with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days, and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found that preterm toddlers had more nocturnal awakenings and more daytime activity, suggesting that preterm-born children may have a different process of sleep development in their early development.
Generalisable machine learning models trained on heart rate variability data to predict mental fatigue
Authors: Matuz András , van der Linden Dimitri , Darnai Gergely , Csathó Árpád 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA prolonged period of cognitive performance often leads to mental fatigue, a psychobiological state that increases the risk of injury and accidents. Previous studies have trained machine learning algorithms on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data to detect fatigue in order to prevent its consequences. However, the results of these studies cannot be generalised because of various methodological issues including the use of only one type of cognitive task to induce fatigue which makes any predictions task-specific. In this study, we combined the datasets of three experiments each of which applied different cognitive tasks for fatigue induction and trained algorithms that detect fatigue and predict its severity. We also tested different time window lengths and compared algorithms trained on resting and task related data. We found that classification performance was best when the support vector classifier was trained on task related HRV calculated for a 5-min time window (AUC = 0.843, accuracy = 0.761). For the prediction of fatigue severity, CatBoost regression showed the best performance when trained on 3-min HRV data and self-reported measures (R2 = 0.248, RMSE = 17.058). These results indicate that both the detection and prediction of fatigue based on HRV are effective when machine learning models are trained on heterogeneous, multi-task datasets.
Effect of subclinical depression on moral judgment dilemmas: a process dissociation approach
Authors: Yin Xiyang , Hong Zijing , Zheng Yinjia , Ni Yali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDual-process theory of moral judgment indicates that moral decision-making is guided by emotional or cognitive processing, competing with each other. While emotional processing overwhelms cognitive processing, individuals preferentially make deontological judgments. Further, while cognitive processing dominates emotional processing, individuals preferentially make utilitarian judgments. This theory predicts that individuals with subclinical depression associated with emotion regulation deficits may deliver more utilitarian judgments. Experiment 1 indicated that higher depressive symptoms predicted utilitarian judgment. However, previous studies have not determined why individuals with subclinical depression make a utilitarian judgment. Thus, Experiment 2 employed the process-dissociation approach, which can separately measure the relative strength of individual deontological and utilitarian inclinations. Deontological inclination (parameter D) was associated with emotional processing, whereas utilitarian inclination (parameter U) was related to cognitive processing. In Experiment 2, the two groups (higher depressive symptoms/minimal depressive symptoms) completed the moral task of the process-dissociation approach to investigate the underlying mechanism. There was a significant interaction effect between the group and parameter of process dissociation. Parameter D in the higher depressive symptoms group was weaker than in the minimal depressive symptoms group. Individuals with subclinical depression bias their utilitarian judgments by making fewer deontological moral judgments.
Mechanically tunable resins based on acrylate-based resin for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing
Authors: Pongwisuthiruchte Aphiwat , Dubas Stephan T. , Aumnate Chuanchom , Potiyaraj Pranut 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUntil now, only a few materials are available for additive manufacturing technologies that employ photopolymerization, such as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing systems. This study investigates a newly formulated resins as an alternative 3D printing materials with tunable mechanical properties to expand the potential applications of advanced engineering products such as wearable devices and small reactors. A commercial acrylate-based resin was selected as a standard resin (STD). The resin was formulated by combining various volume ratios of a low-cost polypropylene glycol (PPG) having various molecular weights (400, 1000, and 2000 g/mol) with the STD resin. The printability of the formulated resins was optimized using the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique. The effects of the PPG contents on the properties of the printed parts were studied, including printability, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and thermo-mechanical properties. As a result, the formulated resins with 5–30%vol of PPG could be printed while higher PPG content led to print failure. Results suggest that increasing the PPG contents reduced the dimensional accuracy of the printed parts and decreased the mechanical properties, including the flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, hardness, and elastic modulus. interestingly, at small loading, 5%vol, the mechanical performance of the printed specimens was successfully enhanced. These results are intriguing to use a tunable mechanical acrylate-based resin for a specific application such as a microreactor.
Skeletal and cardiac muscle calcium transport regulation in health and disease
Authors: Valentim Mark A. , Brahmbhatt Aditya N. , Tupling A. Russell 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn healthy muscle, the rapid release of calcium ions (Ca2+) with excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling, results in elevations in Ca2+ concentrations which can exceed 10-fold that of resting values. The sizable transient changes in Ca2+ concentrations are necessary for the activation of signaling pathways, which rely on Ca2+ as a second messenger, including those involved with force generation, fiber type distribution and hypertrophy. However, prolonged elevations in intracellular Ca2+ can result in the unwanted activation of Ca2+ signaling pathways that cause muscle damage, dysfunction, and disease. Muscle employs several calcium handling and calcium transport proteins that function to rapidly return Ca2+ concentrations back to resting levels following contraction. This review will detail our current understanding of calcium handling during the decay phase of intracellular calcium transients in healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle. We will also discuss how impairments in Ca2+ transport can occur and how mishandling of Ca2+ can lead to the pathogenesis and/or progression of skeletal muscle myopathies and cardiomyopathies.
Decentralized modular hybrid supervisory control for the formation of unmanned helicopters
Authors: Karimoddini Ali , Karimadini Mohammad , Lin Hai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFormation control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) requires them to tightly cooperate to reach and keep the formation, while avoiding collision. This paper proposes a novel decentralized hybrid supervisory control approach for the formation control of multiple UAVs. This is achieved by developing a symbolic motion planning technique to polarly partition the motion space resulting in a finite state discrete event model for the motion dynamics of each UAV. Then, a modular discrete supervisor is designed for different components of the formation mission including reaching the formation, keeping the formation, and collision avoidance. Further, for the collision avoidance mechanism, a novel top‐down decomposition‐based approach is developed to design local supervisors decentralizedly. It is formally proved that with the proposed top‐down decomposition‐based approach, the (locally) supervised UAVs, as a whole, can cooperatively satisfy the desired (global) collision avoidance specification. The proposed decentralized supervisory control algorithm is also verified through a hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulator for the formation control of unmanned helicopters.
Tele‐aiming control design for reconnaissance robot using a strong tracking multi‐model extended super‐twisting observer
Authors: Ji Peng , Min Feng , Zhang Fangfang , Ma Fengying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, a tele‐aiming control system for reconnaissance robots is proposed, capable of enabling operators to quickly control the robot to aim at and track the manoeuvring target with random motion characteristics under measurement noise. To track such manoeuvring targets, a cascaded multi‐model super‐twisting observer is designed. First, the system uncertainty and the inertial impact force disturbance generated during rapid tele‐aiming are expanded into a lumped disturbance state. Subsequently, a strong tracking filter is employed to filter and estimate the system output and the lumped disturbance, and the output of the filter is input into the multi‐model extended state super‐twisting observer. The final second‐order state estimation and lumped disturbance estimation of the augmented system are conducted in accordance with the weighted sum of all super‐twisting observers. Lastly, a non‐singular terminal sliding mode controller is designed to compensate for the lumped disturbance and achieve the fast trajectory tracking. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed observer‐based controller, a series of manoeuvring target tracking experiments was performed. As revealed by the experimental results, the proposed controller can quickly control the reconnaissance robot to aim at and track the manoeuvring target with random abrupt motion characteristics under measurement noise disturbance.