bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicentre, open-label, single-arm phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy using 3% polidocanol foam to treat second-degree haemorrhoids (SCLEROFOAM)
Authors: Gallo G. , Pietroletti R. , Novelli E. , Sturiale A. , Tutino R. , Lobascio P. , Laforgia R. , Moggia E. , Pozzo M. , Roveroni M. , Bianco V. , Luc A. Realis , Giuliani A. , Diaco E. , Naldini G. , Trompetto M. , Perinotti R. , Sammarco G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3% polidocanol foam for treating 2nd-degree haemorrhoids.

Methods
A multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial involving 10 tertiary referral centres for haemorrhodal disease (HD) was performed. Between January and June 2019, patients with 2nd-degree haemorrhoids were prospectively included in this study. The primary outcome was to establish the success rate after one sclerotherapy session in terms of complete resolution of bleeding episodes one week after the injection. The Hemorrhoidal Disease Symptom Score (HDSS), the Short Health Scale for HD (SHS-HD) score and the Vaizey incontinence score were used to assess symptoms and their impact on quality of life and continence. Pain after the procedure, subjective symptoms and the amount and type of painkillers used were recorded. Patients were followed up for 1 year.

Results
There were 183 patients [111 males; 60.7%, mean age 51.3 ± 13.5 (18–75) years]. Complete resolution of bleeding was reached in 125/183 patients (68.3%) at 1 week and the recurrence rate was 12% (15/125).
Thirteen patients (7.4%) underwent a second sclerotherapy session, while only 1 patient (1.8%) had to undergo a third session. The overall 1-year success rate was 95.6% (175/183). The HDSS and the SHS score significantly improved from a median preoperative value of 11 and 18 to 0 and 0, respectively (p < 0.001). There were 3 episodes of external thrombosis. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
Sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam is a safe, effective, painless, repeatable and low-cost procedure in patients with bleeding haemorrhoids.
Diverse grouping and mating strategies in the Critically Endangered Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus)
Authors: Li Ping , Garber Paul A. , Bi Yu , Jin Kun , Qi Xuming , Zhou Jiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding flexibility in the social structure and mating strategies of the world’s last remaining population (35 individuals) of wild Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus) is critical for developing effective management plans to aid in their population recovery. Three of the five remaining Hainan gibbon groups (A, B, and C) currently live in a social unit characterized by two or three adult males, two reproducing adult females, and offspring. A fourth group (D) contains one adult male, two adult females, and offspring, and Group E contains a single adult male–adult female pair with a young infant. In this study, we describe observations of copulations between multiple resident males and one of the two resident females in Group C. Group C is best described as a small multi-male/multi-female group. We found that this breeding female (F2) solicited copulations from two resident adult males (M1 and M2) on the same day, and also mated with each of these two males on different days. Resident males were not observed to interrupt the mating pair. Although factors such as a biased adult sex ratio, severe population disruption, and habitat degradation can help explain variation in group composition and mating strategies in Hainan gibbons, we argue that there exists considerable mating system variability across gibbon species, and that this variability offers important insights into male and female Hainan gibbon group structure and reproductive strategies.
A new approach to the design of acyclic chemical compounds using skeleton trees and integer linear programming
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhu Jianshen , Chiewvanichakorn Rachaya , Shurbevski Aleksandar , Nagamochi Hiroshi , Akutsu Tatsuya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntelligent systems are applied in a wide range of areas, and computer-aided drug design is a highly important one. One major approach to drug design is the inverse QSAR/QSPR (quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationship), for which a method that uses both artificial neural networks (ANN) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) has been proposed recently. This method consists of two phases: a forward prediction phase, and an inverse, inference phase. In the prediction phase, a feature function f over chemical compounds is defined, whereby a chemical compound G is represented as a vector f(G) of descriptors. Following, for a given chemical property $$\pi$$, using a dataset of chemical compounds with known values for property $$\pi$$, a regressive prediction function $$\psi$$ is computed by an ANN. It is desired that $$\psi (f(G))$$ takes a value that is close to the true value of property $$\pi$$ for the compound G for many of the compounds in the dataset. In the inference phase, one starts with a target value $$y^*$$ of the chemical property $$\pi$$, and then a chemical structure $$G^*$$ such that $$\psi (f(G^*))$$ is within a certain tolerance level of $$y^*$$ is constructed from the solution to a specially formulated MILP. This method has been used for the case of inferring acyclic chemical compounds. With this paper, we propose a new concept on acyclic chemical graphs, called a skeleton tree, and based on it develop a new MILP formulation for inferring acyclic chemical compounds. Our computational experiments indicate that our newly proposed method significantly outperforms the existing method when the diameter of graphs is up to 8. In a particular example where we inferred acyclic chemical compounds with 38 non-hydrogen atoms from the set {C, O, S} times faster.
A Ship-Based Characterization of Coherent Boundary-Layer Structures Over the Lifecycle of a Marine Cold-Air Outbreak
Authors: Duscha Christiane , Barrell Christopher , Renfrew Ian A. , Brooks Ian M. , Sodemann Harald , Reuder Joachim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConvective coherent structures shape the atmospheric boundary layer over the lifecycle of marine cold-air outbreaks (CAOs). Aircraft measurements have been used to characterize such structures in past CAOs. Yet, aircraft case studies are limited to snapshots of a few hours and do not capture how coherent structures, and the associated boundary-layer characteristics, change over the CAO time scale, which can be on the order of several days. We present a novel ship-based approach to determine the evolution of the coherent-structure characteristics, based on profiling lidar observations. Over the lifecycle of a multi-day CAO we show how these structures interact with boundary-layer characteristics, simultaneously obtained by a multi-sensor set-up. Observations are taken during the Iceland Greenland Seas Project’s wintertime cruise in February and March 2018. For the evaluated CAO event, we successfully identify cellular coherent structures of varying size in the order of 4 $$\times $$
×
10$$^2$$

2

m to 10$$^4$$

4

m and velocity amplitudes of up to 0.5 m $$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$

s

-
1

in the vertical and 1 m $$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$

s

-
1

in the horizontal. The structures’ characteristics are sensitive to the near-surface stability and the Richardson number. We observe the largest coherent structures most frequently for conditions when turbulence generation is weakly buoyancy dominated. Structures of increasing size contribute efficiently to the overturning of the boundary layer and are linked to the growth of the convective boundary-layer depth. The new approach provides robust statistics for organized convection, which would be easy to extend by additional observations during convective events from vessels of opportunity operating in relevant areas.
A numerical investigation of three-dimensional falling liquid films
Authors: Kahouadji Lyes , Batchvarov Assen , Adebayo Idris T. , Jenkins Zachary , Shin Seungwon , Chergui Jalel , Juric Damir , Matar Omar K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a full three-dimensional numerical study of thin liquid films falling on a vertical surface, by solving the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with a hybrid front-tracking/level-set method for tracking the interface. General falling film flow applications span across many types of process industries but also occur in a multitude of natural and environmental applications such as ice sheets, glaciology and even volcanic lava flows. In this study, we propose three configurations of falling films. Two of them, with small and moderate Reynolds number, are set to mimic pulsed and forced falling film types inside a minimum periodic domain, able to cover entirely the temporal evolution of a single wave. The latest example, corresponding to a high Reynolds number, is initialised with a flat interface without any specific perturbations. For the first time, this study highlights the natural transition from a non-deformed interface to its first streamwise disturbance (two-dimensional wavy flow), and then a second spanwise wave disturbance (three-dimensional wavy flow).
Spoken Language Change in Children on the Autism Spectrum Receiving Community-Based Interventions
Authors: Trembath David , Stainer Matt , Caithness Teena , Dissanayake Cheryl , Eapen Valsamma , Fordyce Kathryn , Frewer Veronica , Frost Grace , Hudry Kristelle , Iacono Teresa , Mahler Nicole , Masi Anne , Paynter Jessica , Pye Katherine , Quan Shannon , Shellshear Leanne , Sutherland Rebecca , Sievers Stephanie , Thirumanickam Abirami , Westerveld Marleen F. , Tucker Madonna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe assessed the spoken language of 73 preschool aged children on the autism spectrum receiving community-based early intervention at two time points, approximately 7 months apart. Using the Spoken Language Benchmarks, there was a small non-significant change in the proportion of children transitioning from below, to at or above, Phase 3 (word combinations). Using binomial regression, a model comprising seven of nine clinician-proposed child-related predictors explained 64% of the variance. None of the predictors were individually significant, although a large effect size (OR = 16.71) was observed for children’s baseline rate of communicative acts. The findings point to substantial unmet clinical need in children with minimal verbal language, but also the relevance of clinician-proposed predictors of their spoken language outcomes.
Logics with Group Announcements and Distributed Knowledge: Completeness and Expressive Power
Authors: Ågotnes Thomas , Alechina Natasha , Galimullin Rustam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPublic announcement logic (PAL) is an extension of epistemic logic with dynamic operators that model the effects of all agents simultaneously and publicly acquiring the same piece of information. One of the extensions of PAL, group announcement logic (GAL), allows quantification over (possibly joint) announcements made by agents. In GAL, it is possible to reason about what groups can achieve by making such announcements. It seems intuitive that this notion of coalitional ability should be closely related to the notion of distributed knowledge, the implicit knowledge of a group. Thus, we study the extension of GAL with distributed knowledge, and in particular possible interaction properties between GAL operators and distributed knowledge. The perhaps surprising result is that, in fact, there are no interaction properties, contrary to intuition. We make this claim precise by providing a sound and complete axiomatisation of GAL with distributed knowledge. We also consider several natural variants of GAL with distributed knowledge, as well as some other related logic, and compare their expressive power.
Phase-field approach to simulate BCC-B2 phase separation in the AlnCrFe2Ni2 medium-entropy alloy
Authors: Coutinho Yuri Amorim , Kunwar Anil , Moelans Nele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phase separation is a relevant mode of transformation for microstructure development in multicomponent alloys. Its occurrence can drastically alter the composition landscape and lead to patterns, either beneficial or undesired to the alloy design. This phenomenon is reported commonly in the BCC phase region of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys and their cost-effective Co-free alternatives based on AlCrFeNi due to chemical ordering. To better understand this transformation, we employ a phase-field model with materials parameters obtained from the CALPHAD methodology. Microstructure simulations of phase separation are conducted for the BCC-B2 phase on the $$\mathrm {Al_{n}CrFe_{2}Ni_{2}}$$

Al
n

CrFe
2

Ni
2

alloy ($$\mathrm {n}$$
n
is the stoichiometric coefficient). The free energy density is obtained from a CALPHAD sublattice model, in which the disordered BCC and ordered B2 phases are formulated as a single Gibbs free energy expression. The relation between the site fraction variables in the CALPHAD sublattice model and the mole fractions in the phase-field equations is provided via neural networks. The acquisition of training data on the equilibrium value of the site fractions is presented along with the training and validation procedure. The trained neural networks are combined with a finite-element framework and Cahn–Hilliard model to simulate the BCC-B2 phase separation at different compositions.

Graphical Abstract
Temperature and Current Sensitivities of Bare Mo/Au Transition-Edge Sensors
Authors: Fàbrega Lourdes , Camón Agustín , Strichovanec Pavel , Pobes Carlos , Bolea Juan , Mas Manel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the logarithmic transition sensitivities to temperature and current, α and β, of bare Mo/Au TES sensors without any normal metal structure, with and without relevant weak link effects. Both parameters display a smooth dependence with bias. We analyze them as a function of bias, bath temperature and TES size. We observe relevant differences in the behavior of α and β as the aspect ratio increases.
Explaining classifiers by constructing familiar concepts
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Vlachos Michalis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterpreting a large number of neurons in deep learning is difficult. Our proposed ‘CLAssifier-DECoder’ architecture (ClaDec) facilitates the understanding of the output of an arbitrary layer of neurons or subsets thereof. It uses a decoder that transforms the incomprehensible representation of the given neurons to a representation that is more similar to the domain a human is familiar with. In an image recognition problem, one can recognize what information (or concepts) a layer maintains by contrasting reconstructed images of ClaDec with those of a conventional auto-encoder(AE) serving as reference. An extension of ClaDec allows trading comprehensibility and fidelity. We evaluate our approach for image classification using convolutional neural networks. We show that reconstructed visualizations using encodings from a classifier capture more relevant classification information than conventional AEs. This holds although AEs contain more information on the original input. Our user study highlights that even non-experts can identify a diverse set of concepts contained in images that are relevant (or irrelevant) for the classifier. We also compare against saliency based methods that focus on pixel relevance rather than concepts. We show that ClaDec tends to highlight more relevant input areas to classification though outcomes depend on classifier architecture. Code is at https://github.com/JohnTailor/ClaDec
Flattening the quality of life curve? A prospective person-centred study from Norway amid COVID-19
Authors: Nes Ragnhild Bang , Yu Baeksan , Hansen Thomas , Vedaa Øystein , Røysamb Espen , Nilsen Thomas S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWe examined multidimensional, heterogeneous reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures to provide further insights into the developmental processes of risk and adaptation.MethodWe used three-wave questionnaire data from 8156 individuals participating in the Norwegian County Public Health Survey assessed 1–5 months before and three (June 2020) and nine (December 2020) months after the outbreak. Latent profile and latent transition analyses were used to identify latent quality of life (QoL) classes and multiform changes, their probabilities, and predictors.ResultsWe identified five distinct QoL classes of varying proportions, namelyFlourishing(i.e. 24–40%),Content(31–46%),Content-Symptomatic(8–10%),Languishing(14–20%), andTroubled(2–5%). Despite higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of life satisfaction and positive emotions, most individuals remained in their pre-pandemic QoL profiles. Yet, changes occurred for a meaningful proportion, with transition to a less favourable class more common than to a favourable. Between time 1 and 3, the flourishing and troubled groups decreased by 40% and 60%, while the content and languishing groups increased by 48% and 43%, respectively. Favourable pre-pandemic relational (marital status, support, interpersonal trust, and belonging), health, and economy-related status predicted significantly lower odds of belonging to the high-risk groups both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic.ConclusionsOverall, this study shows lower levels of QoL amid the COVID-19 pandemic, but substantial stability in the QoL distribution, and an overall levelling of the QoL distribution. Our findings also underscore the importance of financial, health-related, and social capital to QoL.
Screening clonally replicated Acacia mangium breeding populations for tolerance to Ceratocystis canker and wilt disease
Authors: Brawner Jeremy Todd , Sunarti Sri , Nirsatmanto Arif , Indrayadi Heru , Tarigan Marthin , Yuliarto Muhammad , Rahayu Sri , Hardiyanto Eko Bhakti , Glen Morag , Mohammed Caroline , Rimbawanto Anto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three screening trials of clonally replicated Acacia mangium seedlings were evaluated for survival and lesion length following inoculation with locally collected strains of Ceratocystis in Indonesia. Tolerance in the population was low with 6.7% of the 1033 clones represented by more than 4 ramets surviving repeated inoculations. Differences in tolerance among populations were slight; however, populations with consistently higher survival and shorter lesion lengths were from Papua New Guinea rather than Queensland. Estimates of the proportion of the experimental variation attributable to differences among parents (heritability) were low to moderate for both survival and lesion length. Estimates of the proportion of the experimental variation that was attributable to differences among clones (repeatability) were greater but typically similar to the heritability estimates, indicating that initial improvements from selection will primarily be derived from identifying tolerant parents. While genetic correlations among experiments were positive, estimates could not exclude the existence of host–pathogen interactions. Two validation trials of the tolerant clones were assessed 9 months after establishment; these trials verified that one-third of the clones identified in the nursery screening were also tolerant to Ceratocystis in field trials. The experiments confirmed that nursery screening may be used to quickly focus efforts on parents that produce more tolerant progeny, screening additional seedlings to increase selection intensity rather than using clonal replication to increase accuracy would lead to greater improvements in tolerance and field trials are required to verify disease tolerance at later ages.
White matter alterations in heart-kidney imbalance insomnia and Jiao-Tai-Wan treatment: A diffusion-tensor imaging study
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Yanxuan , Xia Nengzhi , Wen Caiyun , Xia Tianyi , Zhuang Yuandi , Jiang Mengmeng , Xiang Yilan , Zhang Mingyue , Zhan Chenyi , Yang Yunjun , Yuan Zhengzhong , Huang Qun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have reported changes in white matter microstructures in patients with insomnia. However, few neuroimaging studies have focused specifically on white matter tracts in insomnia patients after having received treatment. In this prospective study, diffusion-tensor imaging was used in two samples of heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients who were treated with placebo or Jiao-Tai-Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat heart-kidney imbalance insomnia, to assess the changes in white matter tracts. Tract-based spatial statistical analyses were first applied to compare the changes in mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy of white matter between 75 heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients and 41 healthy control participants. In subsequent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, comparisons of mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were also performed in 24 heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients (8 males; 16 females; 42.5 ± 10.4 years) with Jiao-Tai-Wan and 26 heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients (11 males; 15 females; 39.7 ± 9.4 years) with a placebo, with age and sex as covariates. Fractional anisotropy values in left corticospinal tract were increased in heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients. Heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients showed lower mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy values of several white matter tracts than healthy control participants, such as the bilateral anterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus and bilateral posterior corona radiata. After being treated with Jiao-Tai-Wan, heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients showed a trend towards reduced fractional anisotropy values in the left corticospinal tract. Jiao-Tai-Wan may improve the sleep quality by reversing the structural changes of the left corticospinal tract caused by heart-kidney imbalance insomnia.
Survivorship care plans and information for rural cancer survivors
Authors: Rowe Arlen , Crawford-Williams Fiona , Goodwin Belinda. C , Myers Larry , Stiller Anna , Dunn Jeff , Aitken Joanne. F , March Sonja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to investigate the amount and type of survivorship care information received by cancer survivors living in rural Australia and whether this varies according to demographic factors or cancer type.

Methods
Self-reported receipt of a survivorship care plan (SCP) and information on various aspects of survivorship care (e.g., managing side effects, healthy lifestyles, psychosocial advice and monitoring for recurrence) were collected from 215 cancer survivors who had returned home to a rural area in Queensland Australia after receiving cancer treatment in a major city within the previous 5 years (72% in the previous 12 months). Logistic regression was used to assess for differences across demographic factors and cancer type.

Results
Only 35% of participants reported receiving a SCP and proportions of those reporting the receipt of specific information varied from 74% for information on short-term side effects to less than 30% for information on finances, chemoprevention and monitoring for signs of recurrence. No significant differences were found in the receipt of survivorship care information across demographic factors or cancer type.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that cancer survivors living in rural areas are not consistently provided with adequate survivorship care information, particularly that pertaining to long-term health and recovery.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Without improved systems for delivering survivorship care information to patients returning home to rural communities after treatment, these cancer survivors risk missing out on necessary information and advice to maintain their health, wellbeing and long-term recovery.