bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Informed Huddle for Neonatal Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization
Authors: August Deanne , Marsh Nicole , Hall Stephanie , Royle Ruth , Cobbald Linda , Koorts Pieter , McLaughlin Linda , Lack Gillian , Iminof Danika , Foxcroft Katie , Ware Robert S. , Ullman Amanda 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Implement and evaluate near-infrared (NIR) huddles for neonatal peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion. Methods: An implementation project investigated PIVC insertion attempts, site, inserter designation, dwell, and complications during 3 phases (baseline, education, and implementation). Implementation consisted of planning insertion site(s) and attempt frequency with an NIR device huddle. The primary effectiveness outcome was first-time insertion success. Secondary outcomes included: PIVC completion/failure, failure reason, complications. Implementation outcomes were compliance, utility, and acceptability. The association between study phase and primary outcome was assessed using logistic regression. Exploratory analyses investigated intrinsic and extrinsic risks for PIVC insertion failure. Results: Over 5 months, data from 248 (33%) neonates with 771 admissions was collected. Fifty-nine (24%) neonates required multiple PIVCs; resulting in 370 cannulations (n = 94 baseline, n = 55 education, and n = 221 intervention phases). Median birthweight was 2909 grams (IQR 2033-3499), gestation was 37.3 weeks (IQR 33.9-38.9). Length of stay, weight, gestation, and previous PIVC events were similar across phases. Insertion success was lower during education (n = 15, 39.5%) than baseline (n = 29, 56.9%), but differences were not significant. Acceptability of huddle process was higher (mean = 7.5/10, SD 2.2) than NIR device (mean = 5.0/10, SD 3.7). First time insertion failure was higher for forearm compared to hand/wrist (OR 5.94; 95% CI 1.22-28.87). Conclusion: The implementation of NIR-huddle failed to improve first-time insertion success, but PIVC dwell time and documentation were improved. Further research is needed to minimize harm and improve neonatal vascular access preservation.
Lower child opportunity index is associated with increased healthcare utilization following pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Bennett Aaron D. , Morales Knashawn H. , Huang Yuan-Shung V. , Tam Vicky , Shah Amit , Loomes Kathleen M. , Serper Marina , Bittermann Therese 
Published: February 2025

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are known to lead to adverse health outcomes, including high acute care utilization. The mechanisms underlying healthcare disparities among children who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) are poorly understood. To elucidate the relationship between SDOH and healthcare utilization among children (<18 y old at time of LT) who have undergone LT, we performed a retrospective study merging data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) and the Pediatric Hospital Information System (PHIS) database. Children with lower Child Opportunity Index (COI) scores, a composite measure of SDOH, were admitted for 28% more days in the first year and 29% more days over the first two years post-LT, as compared to children with higher COI. We also observed that in the second year post-LT, children with a lower COI were more often admitted with a complication of LT (23%) than those with a higher COI (18%). COI may be a useful composite screening instrument for clinical teams to target resources and limit acute care use post-LT.
Association of Dietary Inflammation Index with sarcopenia in adult women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Rong , Yan Chunying , Jin Yan 
Published: February 2025

Background
A higher Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is linked with an elevated risk of sarcopenia, but the relationship between the two in adult female patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains uncertain.

Objective
The project was designed to probe into the relationship between DII and the risk of sarcopenia in adult female NAFLD patients.

Methods
As a cross-sectional study, this study used NAFLD data for adult women from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Database, with DII as the independent variable and sarcopenia as the dependent variable. The relationship between DII and sarcopenia was examined by utilizing weighted logistic regression. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and threshold effect models were further employed to explore the nonlinear relationship between the two.

Results
We included 469 NAFLD patients, of whom 65 (10.2%) were sarcopenic. In adult female NAFLD patients, a great positive correlation of DII with the risk of sarcopenia was observed in the weighted logistics regression model [odds ratio (OR): 1.459, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013–2.103, P = 0.045]. The RCS curve manifested a linear correlation between the two (P
nonlinear = 0.751). The threshold analysis demonstrated that when DII > 0, DII was positively linked with an elevated risk of sarcopenia (OR: 1.328, 95% CI: 1.030–1.722, P = 0.030).

Conclusion
In adult female NAFLD patients, DII is positively linked with the risk of sarcopenia. Future research should further explore the mechanism of influence of DII on sarcopenia in NAFLD patients and evaluate whether improving eating habits can effectively reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia in women with NAFLD.
Prior overt hepatic encephalopathy and hyponatremia are more strongly linked to recent driving accidents than measures of minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Roy Akash , Bhattad Utkarsh , Ranjan Vivek , Chakraborty Shardhya , Tewari Awanish , Sonthalia Nikhil , Ghoshal Uday Chand , Goenka Mahesh K. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Cognitive impairment in cirrhosis is driven by multiple influencers. Those with cognitive impairment have greater traffic accidents and violations. While the presence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy has been associated with poor driving skills, studies show conflicting results and variable associations with regard to accidents.

Methods
In a prospective study of stable outpatients with cirrhosis without a recent history of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) (<3 months), we assessed, the overall practice of driving, recent (<1 month) self-reported accidents, and factors associated with driving accidents.

Results
Of 433 patients, 147 (33.9%) [age, 55 (46–61) years, 97.9% males, 29.9% alcohol-related, 13.6% prior OHE, MELD 11 (10–16), lactulose use 45.5%, rifaximin use 23.1%] reported recent driving (≤1 month), of whom 22 (14.9%) had recent driving accidents. Those with reported accidents had a higher history of prior OHE (31.8 vs. 10.5%, P < 0.05) and lower sodium [131 (129–134) vs. 134 (132–138), P < 0.05]. Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) [−5.5 (−4 to −9), vs. −4 (−3 to −7), P = 0.10], alcohol as an etiology (22.7 vs. 31.2%, P = 0.68), MELD [12.5 (10–17) vs. 11 (9.7–16), P = 0.36], animal naming test [18 (16–23) vs. 18 (15–22), P = 0.35], outpatient fasting ammonia [93 (63.7–121.5) vs. 81 (67.2–96.2), P = 0.43] were similar. On univariate analysis, prior OHE, sodium levels and PHES [odds ratio (OR): 0.87 (0.75–1.0), P = 0.09], and animal naming test [OR: 0.89 (0.76–1.04), P = 0.10)] showed a trend of association, while on multivariable analysis only prior OHE [adjusted OR: 3.48 (1.07–10.74), P = 0.03] and sodium levels [adjusted OR: 0.89 (0.79–0.99), P = 0.03] were associated with recent driving accidents [model AUC (prior OHE + Na≤130), 0.70 (0.62–0.77)].

Conclusion
In stable outpatients with cirrhosis, a remote history of OHE and hyponatremia are most strongly associated with recent driving accidents.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in long-distance runners: a systematic review
Authors: Vujasinovic Miroslav , Omae Masami , Panic Nikola , Fjellgren Eva , Bloch Nina , Kikec Zdenko , Grasselli Marko , Lindberg Greger , Löhr Johannes-Matthias , Baldaque-Silva Francisco 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Long-distance running has become increasingly popular in recent decades all over the world. Besides musculoskeletal injuries, gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are also very common in athletes.

Methods
A systematic search limited to articles in the English language was performed to identify studies on GI bleeding in long-distance runners. The primary outcomes were the incidence and outcome of overt and occult GI bleeding in long-distance runners.

Results
A total of 51 articles were included in the final analysis. We found 22 articles reporting 36 cases of overt GI bleeding in long-distance runners. GI bleeding has been reported as a cause of death in one patient. Conservative treatment was used in most of the cases, and surgery was performed on four patients. We found 22 articles (759 runners included) related to occult GI bleeding and seven articles (6671 runners included) related to occult GI bleeding, based on questionnaire-based surveys.

Conclusion
Gastrointestinal bleeding may occur in long-distance runners, highlighting the need for further investigation into this issue. It is essential to conduct well-designed prospective studies on this topic, preferably using noninvasive diagnostic methods, such as capsule panendoscopy, to improve our understanding and management of this condition.
Global trends and disparities in gallbladder and biliary tract cancers: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Zhao Zhifeng , Wu Haoyu , Han Jun , Jiang Kai 
Published: February 2025

Background
Gallbladder and biliary tract cancers (GBC and BTC) are highly malignant, with poor prognoses and substantial regional variability in the disease burden. Although advances in medical science have improved outcomes in high-income regions, low- and middle-income regions continue to face rising incidence and mortality rates owing to delayed detection and treatment. Understanding the global trends and risk factors of GBC and BTC is essential for targeted interventions to reduce disease burden.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of GBC and BTC was conducted using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study. Data from 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021 were analyzed for incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years stratified by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Trends were quantified using age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage changes.

Results
In 2021, 216,768 new cases and 171,961 deaths were reported globally, with age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 2.6 and 2.0 per 100,000, respectively. The high-income Asia-Pacific and Latin American regions exhibited the highest disease burdens. While global age-standardized rates declined estimated annual percentage changes for incidence: −0.44; mortality: −0.97), low-SDI regions experienced increases. High BMI emerged as the leading risk factor, contributing to 12% of the disability-adjusted life years. Projections indicate a stable incidence but rising mortality by 2036.

Conclusion
Although the global age-standardized rates of GBC and BTC are decreasing, disparities persist, with low-SDI regions experiencing increasing burdens. Targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors such as obesity, along with improved healthcare infrastructure and early detection, are critical for mitigating this global health challenge.
Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adult coeliac disease at diagnosis and during follow-up: a 20-year retrospective study
Authors: Maimaris Stiliano , Mangili Lorenza , Minerba Paolo , Massetti Giulio , Scarcella Chiara , Schiepatti Annalisa , Biagi Federico 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is commonly reported in coeliac disease (CD). However, long-term data on GORD in coeliac patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GORD and endoscopic lesions in coeliac patients at diagnosis and throughout follow-up.

Methods
Adult patients directly diagnosed with CD from January 2000 to October 2021 who underwent follow-up duodenal biopsy were enrolled. Clinical data were retrospectively collected and analysed.

Results
A total of 197 patients (141 F, mean age at diagnosis 36 ± 13 years) were studied. At diagnosis, 33/197 (16.8%) had reflux symptoms and 12/197 (6.1%) had oesophagitis. Only 7/33 (21.9%) still had reflux symptoms at follow-up duodenal biopsy (median 16 months, interquartile range: 13–20). Conversely, 7/164 (4.3%) patients without GORD at diagnosis developed reflux symptoms after starting a GFD. Overall, GORD was significantly more common at diagnosis of CD than at follow-up duodenal biopsy (P < 0.01), where only five had oesophagitis. GFD adherence was good in 90.4% and duodenal biopsy showed recovery of villous atrophy in 83.8% of patients. Neither GFD adherence (P = 1.00) nor mucosal recovery (P = 0.13) were related to GORD at follow-up biopsy. During follow-up (median 111 months), 41/197 patients (20.8%) reported ongoing reflux symptoms, more commonly in those with GORD at CD diagnosis (42.4% vs. 16.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
GORD is common in coeliac patients at diagnosis and improves in the large majority of patients after starting a GFD. However, a minority of patients develop GORD after starting a GFD, and ongoing reflux symptoms are common during long-term follow-up in coeliac patients.
Risk of breast cancer in assisted reproduction technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Guo Zijie , Zhu Ziyu , Luo Mingpeng , Lin Xixi , Wu Qingliang , Wang Linbo , Zhou Jichun 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Presently, there is a growing popularity of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Nevertheless, due to the significant fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels observed in patients receiving this novel technology, concerns have been raised regarding the potential increased risk of breast cancer associated with this treatment. The outcomes of pertinent clinical investigations exhibit significant disparities, leading to a lack of consensus regarding the association between ART and susceptibility to breast cancer. The primary objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the impact of ART on the risk of breast cancer.

Method and Analysis:
The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and Meta-analysis Guidelines for Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Researchers conducted an extensive electronic search across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, encompassing all articles published over the last two decades (from January 2003 to December 2023). Two independent researchers meticulously examined the titles and abstracts of the literature based on predetermined inclusion criteria and research qualifications. Through collaborative deliberation, they identified the literature to be incorporated in the following analysis. Researchers will extract data in accordance with predetermined tables and perform quality assessments and implement bias control measures for each literature. Researchers will conduct a meta-analysis based on the extracted data to assess the overall risk and subgroup risks. The analysis will employ the odds ratio as the summary statistic and will use fixed or random effects models for estimation.

Ethics and Dissemination:
The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at international medical conferences, with the aim of reaching both medical professionals and the general public. As this study constitutes a systematic review, ethical approval is not required.
Comparison of outcomes of arterial end-to-side versus end-to-end anastomosis in autologous deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction: DIEP-ES study protocol
Authors: Didzun Oliver , Panayi Adriana C. , Ghanad Iman , Osenegg Sophie , Siegwart Laura , Gazyakan Emre , Vollbach Felix , Kneser Ulrich , Bigdeli Amir K. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
End-to-end anastomosis to the internal mammary artery (IMA) is the current standard anastomosis technique for women undergoing autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. This approach fails to preserve the length of the IMA, compromising its availability for cardiac surgery use in women who develop coronary heart disease. A viable alternative may be end-to-side anastomosis, but data on its feasibility is currently lacking.

Methods:
This pilot study will involve 60 patients at a single-center institute over approximately 24 months. Inclusion criteria are female sex, age >18 years, history of breast cancer, and eligibility for unilateral autologous DIEP breast reconstruction. Exclusion criteria include patients with a legal guardian, inability to consent, and history of blood clotting disorders or hypercoagulability. Data will be collected at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1-year post-surgery. The primary outcome is “major complication” of the recipient site, including anastomotic insufficiency, arterial thrombosis, hematoma, reoperation, or flap loss. Secondary outcomes are abdominal perfusion and major donor site complications, such as wound healing disorders. Patient satisfaction will be assessed using the SF-36 and BREAST-Q (reconstructive module) questionnaires.

Study status:
The DIEP-ES study has begun enrolment in February 2023. As this is an ongoing trial, no results have been gathered yet. The results will be reported upon completion of the study. We anticipate that the primary and secondary outcomes of the end-to-side approach will be comparable to the accepted standard of care, i.e., end-to-end anastomoses.

Conclusions:
End-to-side anastomosis may be a safe alternative for DIEP breast reconstruction, especially for patients at risk for coronary heart disease. This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the end-to-side anastomosis technique in DIEP-flap breast reconstruction. The preliminary findings will inform the design of future multicentric trials to confirm the efficacy of this approach.
Reading Yule in light of the history and present of macroevolution
Authors: Pennell Matt , MacPherson Ailene 
Published: February 2025

Yule’s 1925 paper introducing the branching model that bears his name was a landmark contribution to the biodiversity sciences. In his paper, Yule developed stochastic models to explain the observed distribution of species across genera and to test hypotheses about the relationship between clade age, diversity and geographic range. Here, we discuss the intellectual context in which Yule produced this work, highlight Yule’s key mathematical and conceptual contributions using both his and more modern derivations and critically examine some of the assumptions of his work through a modern lens. We then document the strange trajectory of his work through the history of macroevolutionary thought and discuss how the fundamental challenges he grappled with—such as defining higher taxa, linking microevolutionary population dynamics to macroevolutionary rates, and accounting for inconsistent taxonomic practices—remain with us a century later.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘"A mathematical theory of evolution": phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Neutral phylogenetic models and their role in tree-based biodiversity measures
Authors: Steel Mike 
Published: February 2025

A wide variety of stochastic models of cladogenesis (based on speciation and extinction) lead to an identical distribution on phylogenetic tree shapes once the edge lengths are ignored. By contrast, the distribution of the tree’s edge lengths is generally quite sensitive to the underlying model. In this paper, we review the impact of different model choices on tree shape and edge length distribution, and its impact for studying the properties of phylogenetic diversity (PD) as a measure of biodiversity, and the loss of PD as species become extinct at the present. We also compare PD with a stochastic model of feature diversity, and investigate some mathematical links and inequalities between these two measures plus their predictions concerning the loss of biodiversity under extinction at the present.
This article is part of the theme issue “‘A mathematical theory of evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Fossils improve extinction-rate estimates under state-dependent diversification models
Authors: do Rosario Petrucci Bruno , May Michael R. , Heath Tracy A. 
Published: February 2025

The effect of traits on diversification rates is a major topic of study in the fields of evolutionary biology and palaeontology. Many researchers investigating these macroevolutionary questions currently make use of the extensive suite of state-dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models. These models were developed for, and are almost exclusively used with, phylogenetic trees of extant species. However, analyses considering only extant taxa are limited in their power to estimate extinction rates. Furthermore, SSE models can erroneously detect associations between neutral traits and diversification rates when the true associated trait is not observed. In this study, we examined the impact of including fossil data on the accuracy of parameter estimates under the binary-state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) model. This was achieved by combining SSE models with the fossilized birth–death process. We show that the inclusion of fossils improves the accuracy of extinction-rate estimates for analyses applying the BiSSE model in a Bayesian inference framework, with no negative impact on speciation-rate and state transition-rate estimates when compared with estimates from trees of only extant taxa. However, even with the addition of fossil data, analyses under the BiSSE model continued to incorrectly identify correlations between diversification rates and neutral traits.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘“A mathematical theory of evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.