bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single versus double hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the paediatric patient: a single-blind randomised controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Bade David , Malayko Garrett , Johnson Liam , Bradford Kylie , Reddan Tristan , Stockton Chris , Frawley Kieran , Phillips Teresa , Saxby David , Ware Robert S , Byrnes Joshua , Carty Christopher P 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThere is currently no clear indication in the literature regarding a single or double hamstring tendon (single bundle) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the paediatric patient. The primary aim of this single blind randomised controlled trial is to determine whether a single or double hamstring tendon graft ACLR leads to superior clinical outcomes postsurgery in paediatric patients with ACL injury.Methods and analysisSingle site, prospective, single blind, randomised controlled trial with two parallel treatment arms. 100 patients aged 10–18 years who present with an isolated ACL tear±meniscal injury, verified on MRI, will be randomly allocated to one of the two surgical groups. The primary outcomes will be side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation and graft failure incidence 12 months postsurgery. Primary and secondary outcomes will also be assessed at 2-year and 5-year postsurgery.Ethics and disseminationResults will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at international conferences and disseminated to participants and healthcare professionals via newsletters and hospital presentations. This study is approved by the Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics committee.Trial registration numberACTRN12620001170910p; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Therapy outcome measures in temporomandibular disorder: a scoping review
Authors: Ooi Kazuhiro , Aihara Morio , Matsumura Hidehisa , Matsuda Shinpei , Watanabe Yuki , Yuasa Hidemichi , Matsuka Yoshizo 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTherapy outcome measures (TOMs) in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have not been systematically evaluated. We systematically explored the main TOM assessment methods for TMD TOMs used in previous studies.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesAccording to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review reporting guidelines, we systematically searched five key databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Epistemonikos and ClinicalTrials) and thoroughly scanned relevant grey literature using Medical Subject Headings, Emtree and index terms.Eligibility criteriaWe considered primary research papers published from January 2010 to December 2020 that included patients with TMD aged ≥18 years, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders.Data extraction and synthesisFour reviewers extracted general information and information on study design and setting, target, interventions, and outcome type.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-two of the 3726 screened articles (3704 by search engines and 22 manually) were included. The TOMs analysed included pain (n=161 articles), maximal mouth opening (MMO) (91), jaw function (32), jaw movement (26), joint sound (16), quality of life (QOL) (15), depression/anxiety (14), oral QOL (10) or others (30). Evaluation periods were <4 weeks (111), <8 weeks (62), <12 weeks (59), >12 weeks (75) or ‘not mentioned’ (12). Pain outcomes (229) included general pain (115), tenderness (45), pain during functioning (44), resting pain (16) and others (8). Pain outcome evaluation methods included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 121), Numerical Rating Scale (21) and other methods (21). Pain outcome indicators were binary (10) or continuous (158); only five studies reported the least significant difference in treatment efficacy. MMO evaluation using painless methods (19) and jaw function evaluation using methods assessing mandibular movement range (23) were the most frequent.ConclusionsTMD TOMs are diverse; the major outcomes were pain, MMO, jaw function and jaw movement. Most pain outcomes are evaluated by VAS Score changes.
Scoping review of models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research
Authors: Chudyk Anna Maria , Horrill Tara , Waldman Celeste , Demczuk Lisa , Shimmin Carolyn , Stoddard Roger , Hickes Serena , Schultz Annette SH 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo count and describe the elements that overlap (ie, present in two or more) and diverge between models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research. Our specific research question was ‘what are the elements that underlie models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research?’DesignScoping review.Data sourcesOn 6–7 July 2021, we searched six electronic databases (ie, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Practice Database, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus) and Google Scholar for published literature, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, Google, and key agencies’ websites for unpublished (ie, grey) literature, with no date restrictions. These searches were supplemented by snowball sampling.Eligibility criteriaWe included published and unpublished literature that presented (a) models or frameworks (b) of patient engagement (c) in health services research. We excluded articles unavailable as full text or not written in English.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data from included articles using an a priori developed standardised form. Data were synthesised using both quantitative (ie, counts) and qualitative (ie, mapping) analyses.ResultsWe identified a total of 8069 articles and ultimately included 14 models and frameworks in the review. These models and frameworks were comprised of 18 overlapping and 57 diverging elements, that were organised into six conceptual categories (ie, principles, foundational components, contexts, actions, levels and outcomes) and spanned intrapersonal, interpersonal, process, environmental, and health systems and outcomes domains.ConclusionsThere is little overlap between the elements that comprise existing models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research. Those seeking to apply these models and frameworks should consider the ‘fit’ of each element, by conceptual category and domain, within the context of their study.
Targeted intervention to achieve waste reduction in gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Cunha Neves João A , Roseira Joana , Queirós Patrícia , Sousa Helena Tavares , Pellino Gianluca , Cunha Miguel F 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveEndoscopy is healthcare’s third largest generator of medical waste in hospitals. This prospective study aimed to measure a single unit’s waste carbon footprint and perform a pioneer intervention towards a more sustainable endoscopy practice. The relation of regulated medical waste (RMW; material fully contaminated with blood or body fluids or containing infectious agents) versus landfill waste (non-recyclable material not fully contaminated) may play a critical role.DesignIn a four-stage prospective study, following a 4-week observational audit with daily weighing of both waste types (stage 1), stage 2 consisted of a 1-week intervention with team education of waste handling. Recycling bins were placed in endoscopy rooms, landfill and RMW bins were relocated. During stages 3 (1 month after intervention) and 4 (4 months after intervention), daily endoscopic waste was weighed. Equivalence of 1 kg of landfill waste to 1 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) and 1 kg of RMW to 3kgCO2ewas assumed. Paired samples t-tests for comparisons.ResultsFrom stage 1 to stage 3, mean total waste and RMW were reduced by 12.9% (p=0.155) and 41.4% (p=0.010), respectively, whereas landfill (p=0.059) and recycling waste increased (paper: p=0.001; plastic: p=0.007). While mean endoscopy load was similar (46.2 vs 44.5, p=0.275), a total decrease of CO2eby 31.6% (138.8kgCO2e) was found (mean kgCO2e109.7 vs 74.9, p=0.018). The annual reduction was calculated at 1665.6kgCO2e. All these effects were sustained 4 months after the intervention (stage 4) without objections by responsible endoscopy personnel.ConclusionIn this interventional study, applying sustainability measures to a real-world scenario, RMW reduction and daily recycling were achieved and sustained over time, without compromising endoscopy productivity.
Epidemiology of trauma in patients with mental disorders
Authors: Muns Sofia M , Ramos-Meléndez Ediel O , Guerrios Lourdes , Rodríguez-Ortiz Pablo 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the influence of mental disorders on the risk of developing complications and in-hospital mortality after trauma.MethodsWe conducted an institutional review board-approved cohort study of 23 500 adult patients admitted to the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital from 2002 to 2019. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of psychiatric illnesses. Logistic regressions were employed to investigate the effect of mental illness on study outcomes.ResultsPsychiatric illness was associated with higher risk of complications; this risk increased with age. The pattern was accentuated for those with substance use disorders (SUD) and attenuated for those with non-substance-related diagnoses (NSRD). Psychiatric patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 15 had a 42% (95% CI 1.17 to 1.73) higher risk of dying, while the opposite was seen for those with scores <15 (adjusted OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99). SUD was associated with a 51% (95% CI 1.21 to 1.88) higher risk of death in patients with GCS scores of 15, while NSRD was linked to a 49% (95% CI 0.33 to 0.79) lower odds of death among subjects with scores <15.ConclusionsOur results suggest that trauma patients with SUD are at increased risk of developing complications and those with SUD and GCS scores of 15 are at increased risk of death. Mental health screening is an essential component of the management of trauma patients. Stratifying based on mental health disorders may be helpful during the clinical management of trauma patients, as those with SUD may benefit from more aggressive management.Level of evidenceLevel 4, prognostic and epidemiological study.Study typeOriginal retrospective cohort study.
The physics case for a neutrino lepton collider in light of the CDF W mass measurement
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Qian Sitian , Deng Sen , Xiao Jie , Gao Leyun , Levin Andrew Michael , Li Qiang , Lu Meng , You Zhengyun 
Published: August 2022

We propose a neutrino lepton collider where the neutrino beam is generated from TeV scale muon decays. Such a device would allow for a precise measurement of the W mass based on single W production [Formula: see text]. Although it is challenging to achieve high instantaneous luminosity with such a collider, we find that a total luminosity of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] can already yield competitive physics results. In addition to a W mass measurement, a rich variety of physics goals could be achieved with such a collider, including W boson precision measurements, heavy leptophilic gauge boson searches and anomalous [Formula: see text] coupling searches. A neutrino lepton collider is both a novel idea in itself, and may also be a useful intermediate step, with less muon cooling required, towards the muon–muon collider already being pursued by the energy frontier community. A neutrino neutrino or neutrino proton collider may also be interesting future options for the high energy frontier.
On criticality theory for elliptic mixed boundary value problems in divergence form
Authors: Pinchover Yehuda , Versano Idan 
Published: August 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of positive solutions of a second-order linear elliptic equation in divergence form in a domain [Formula: see text] that satisfy an oblique boundary condition on a portion of [Formula: see text]. First, we study weak solutions for the degenerate mixed boundary value problem [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a bounded Lipschitz domain, [Formula: see text] is a relatively open portion of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is an oblique (Robin) boundary operator defined on [Formula: see text] in a weak sense. In particular, we discuss the unique solvability of the above problem, the existence of a principal eigenvalue, and the existence of a minimal positive Green function. Then we establish a criticality theory for positive weak solutions of the operator [Formula: see text] in a general domain [Formula: see text] with no boundary condition on [Formula: see text] and no growth condition at infinity. The paper extends results obtained by Pinchover and Saadon for classical solutions of such a problem, where stronger regularity assumptions on the coefficients of [Formula: see text], and the boundary [Formula: see text] are assumed.
A Brezis–Oswald approach for mixed local and nonlocal operators
Authors: Biagi Stefano , Mugnai Dimitri , Vecchi Eugenio 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique positive weak solution for some sublinear Dirichlet problems driven by the sum of a quasilinear local and a nonlocal operator, i.e. [Formula: see text] Our main result is resemblant to the celebrated work by Brezis–Oswald [Remarks on sublinear elliptic equations, Nonlinear Anal. 10 (1986) 55–64]. In addition, we prove a regularity result of independent interest.
Optimal Design of Inertial Amplifier Base Isolators for Dynamic Response Control of Multi-Storey Buildings
Authors: Chowdhury Sudip , Banerjee Arnab , Adhikari Sondipon 
Published: August 2022

The optimal design of inertial amplifier base isolators (IABI) for dynamic response mitigation of multi-storey buildings subjected to base excitations has been studied in this paper. In order to achieve the closed-form expressions for optimal design parameters of IABI, [Formula: see text] optimization method has been employed. The effectiveness of the closed-form expressions for optimal design parameters was evaluated by determining the isolated structures’ frequency and time domain responses and comparing them to the corresponding responses obtained from equivalent uncontrolled structures. A numerical study employing the Newmark-beta method is conducted to obtain time-domain responses using near-field earthquake base excitation. The response reduction capacity (%) of the optimum inertial amplifier base isolator is compared to the response reduction capacity (%) of the optimum traditional base isolators, demonstrating that inertial amplifiers have increased the vibration reduction performance of traditional base isolators by 50% to 60%. All the outcomes from the study are mathematically accurate and also feasible for practical design purposes.
Creation field cosmological models for dust distribution and time-dependent cosmological term (Λ) in Bianchi type II space-time
Authors: Bali Raj 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present solution of Einstein field equations which admit dust distribution and negative energy massless scalar field as a source with cosmological term ([Formula: see text]) in the frame work of Bianchi type II space-time. The models satisfy conservation equation and creation field increases with time satisfying the result as investigated by Hoyle and Narlikar [A new theory of gravitation, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 282 (1964) 191]. The deceleration parameter ([Formula: see text]) for the model (22) shows a transition from decelerating to accelerating regime with creation. A comparison with other cosmological models shows a transition from decelerating to accelerating regime with and without creation is mentioned. The present model is free from singularity, particle horizon and provides a natural explanation for inflationary scenario and isotropization. These features make the creation field cosmological models theoretically superior to the Big Bang models. Creation field and Einstein field equation are derived using principle of least action and the Lagrangian formulation of variable cosmological term is derived as mentioned by Moffat [Lagrangian formulation of a solution to the cosmological constant problem (1996), arXiv:astro-ph/9608202v1]. The current creation rate with other physical consequences is also discussed. For illustrative purposes, evolutionary behaviors of some cosmological parameters are shown graphically. In the figures, the cosmic time [Formula: see text] is given in gravitational units assuming the velocity of light [Formula: see text]. This [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Therefore, by multiplying cosmic time [Formula: see text] by (light years)−1, we obtain the coordinate time in years.
Targeting the mTOR Pathway for the Prevention of ER-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mazumdar Abhijit , Tahaney William M. , Hill Jamal L. , Zhang Yun , Ramachandran Sumankalai , Kawedia Jitesh , Qian Jing , Contreras Alejandro , Savage Michelle I. , Vornik Lana A. , Sei Shizuko , Mohammed Altaf , Brown Powel H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Prevention of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is now possible using anti-estrogen drugs; however, this treatment is ineffective against ER-negative breast cancers. In this study, we hypothesized that inhibition of mTOR will suppress the growth of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancers. To test the hypothesis, we used five ER-negative breast cancer models: MMTV-erbB2, C3 (1)/SV40TAg, p53-null mammary gland-transplant, p53-mutant mammary gland-transplant, and BRCA1co/co; MMTV-Cre+/+; p53+/– mouse models to determine whether the mTOR inhibitor everolimus is effective in preventing growth of ER-negative mammary tumors. Our study demonstrates that everolimus treatment significantly delays mammary tumor formation with varying degree in all five ER-negative mouse models. Everolimus treatment reduces the proliferation, with reduced phosphorylation of S6 kinase, and induces apoptosis of mammary tumor cells. In some of the p53-mutant mammary gland-transplant mice and C3 (1)/SV40Ag mice, everolimus completely prevents mammary tumor formation. Everolimus treatment also reduces proliferation of normal mammary gland cells. Our results support testing everolimus in clinical trials for the prevention of ER-negative breast cancer in women at high risk of ER-negative breast cancer.

Prevention Relevance:
Our results show that everolimus delays mammary tumor formation in multiple mouse models, suggesting that mTOR inhibitors will be useful for the prevention of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer in humans.
See related Spotlight, p. 787
Pharmacologic Inhibition of NT5C2 Reverses Genetic and Nongenetic Drivers of 6-MP Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Reglero Clara , Dieck Chelsea L. , Zask Arie , Forouhar Farhad , Laurent Anouchka P. , Lin Wen-Hsuan W. , Albero Robert , Miller Hannah I. , Ma Cindy , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Loh Mignon L. , Tong Liang , Stockwell Brent R. , Palomero Teresa , Ferrando Adolfo A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Low-intensity maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) limits the occurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse and is central to the success of multiagent chemotherapy protocols. Activating mutations in the 5′-nucleotidase cytosolic II (NT5C2) gene drive resistance to 6-MP in over 35% of early relapse ALL cases. Here we identify CRCD2 as a first-in-class small-molecule NT5C2 nucleotidase inhibitor broadly active against leukemias bearing highly prevalent relapse-associated mutant forms of NT5C2 in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, CRCD2 treatment also enhanced the cytotoxic activity of 6-MP in NT5C2 wild-type leukemias, leading to the identification of NT5C2 Ser502 phosphorylation as a novel NT5C2-mediated mechanism of 6-MP resistance in this disease. These results uncover an unanticipated role of nongenetic NT5C2 activation as a driver of 6-MP resistance in ALL and demonstrate the potential of NT5C2 inhibitor therapy for enhancing the efficacy of thiopurine maintenance therapy and overcoming resistance at relapse.

Significance:
Relapse-associated NT5C2 mutations directly contribute to relapse in ALL by driving resistance to chemotherapy with 6-MP. Pharmacologic inhibition of NT5C2 with CRCD2, a first-in-class nucleotidase inhibitor, enhances the cytotoxic effects of 6-MP and effectively reverses thiopurine resistance mediated by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms of NT5C2 activation in ALL.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
When to Be Critical? Performance and Evolvability in Different Regimes of Neural Ising Agents
Authors: Khajehabdollahi Sina , Prosi Jan , Giannakakis Emmanouil , Martius Georg , Levina Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that operating close to the critical state is beneficial for natural and artificial evolutionary systems. We put this hypothesis to test in a system of evolving foraging agents controlled by neural networks that can adapt the agents’ dynamical regime throughout evolution. Surprisingly, we find that all populations that discover solutions evolve to be subcritical. By a resilience analysis, we find that there are still benefits of starting the evolution in the critical regime. Namely, initially critical agents maintain their fitness level under environmental changes (for example, in the lifespan) and degrade gracefully when their genome is perturbed. At the same time, initially subcritical agents, even when evolved to the same fitness, are often inadequate to withstand the changes in the lifespan and degrade catastrophically with genetic perturbations. Furthermore, we find the optimal distance to criticality depends on the task complexity. To test it we introduce a hard task and a simple task: For the hard task, agents evolve closer to criticality, whereas more subcritical solutions are found for the simple task. We verify that our results are independent of the selected evolutionary mechanisms by testing them on two principally different approaches: a genetic algorithm and an evolutionary strategy. In summary, our study suggests that although optimal behaviour in the simple task is obtained in a subcritical regime, initializing near criticality is important to be efficient at finding optimal solutions for new tasks of unknown complexity.
An improved practical approach to forecasting exceptional growth in research
Authors: Boyack Kevin W. , Klavans Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The accurate forecasting of exceptional growth in research areas has been an extremely difficult problem to solve. In a previous study we introduced an approach to forecasting which research clusters in a global model of the scientific literature would have an annual growth rate of 8% annually over a 3-year period. In this study we (a) introduce a much more robust method of creating and updating global models of research, (b) introduce new indicators based on author publication patterns, (c) test a much larger set (81) of indicators to forecast exceptional growth, and (d) expand the forecast horizon from 3 to 4 years. Forecast accuracy increased dramatically (threat score increased from 20 to 32) from our previous study. Most of this gain is surprisingly due to the advances in model robustness rather than the indicators used for forecasting. We also provide evidence that most indicators (including popular network indicators) do not improve the ability to forecast growth in research above the baseline provided by indicators associated with the vitality of a research cluster.