bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes among women with spinal cord injury in Sweden 1997–2015: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Khalili Molly , Berlin Marie , Pettersson Karin , Lindgren Carl , Hultling Claes , Ekéus Cecilia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe the rate of pregnancy in spinal cord injured women in Sweden as well as pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.Material and MethodsThis study was based on data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. The study population included women with spinal cord injury who gave birth in Sweden during the period 1997 to 2015. The general population was used as reference and included all non‐spinal cord injured patients who gave birth during the same period of time.ResultsIn the spinal cord injury group, 109 births were identified. Eighty‐nine (82%) of them were among paraplegic women and 20 (18%) were among tetraplegic women. Women with spinal cord injury in our study population had urinary tract infections during pregnancy in five cases (5%) and anemia during pregnancy in nine cases (8%), compared with 0.2% and 4%, respectively, in the general population. Compared with the general population more deliveries were induced in the study population, 18 (17%) in the spinal cord injury group and 12% in the general population. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 52 (48%) of the births with 42 of them (39%) being non‐instrumental and 10 (9%) being instrumental vaginal deliveries. Elective cesarean section rate was 34% (n = 37). Sixteen infants (15%) were born preterm (gestational week <37). We found an overall low rate of pregnancy and delivery complications.ConclusionsOur results show predominantly favorable outcomes of pregnancy and delivery in women with spinal cord injury as well as their infants. These results are in concordance with previous research.
Digital participation of people with profound and multiple learning disabilities during the Covid‐19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Caton Sue , Bradshaw Jill , Gillooly Amanda , Hatton Chris , Flynn Samantha , Oloidi Edward , Jahoda Andrew , Maguire Roseann , Marriott Anna , Mulhall Peter , Taggart Laurence , Todd Stuart , Abbott David , Beyer Stephen , Gore Nick , Heslop Pauline , Scior Katrina , Hastings Richard P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the Covid‐19 pandemic, there has been a worldwide increase in the use of digital technology. Many people with learning disabilities have learned new digital skills, taken part in online activities, and kept in touch with family and friends using video calls. However, the experiences of digital participation or nonparticipation for the people with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) is less understood.MethodBetween December 2020 and August 2021, family carers or paid support workers of adults with PMLD completed an online survey around the experiences of the person they care for during the Covid‐19 pandemic, including questions on Internet use. We draw on the findings of this UK‐wide study to explore the digital participation of the people with PMLD during the pandemic.FindingsAround half of the people with PMLD had Internet access at home. Around half of the participants interacted with others on video calls like Facetime or Zoom and most commonly used the Internet for being with family and friends online and streaming TV and films. In the event of another lockdown, 27.5% of the people supporting someone with PMLD said they would like support with technology to make seeing friends and family easier. For some the people, digital participation during the pandemic was not beneficial enough to want to continue when restrictions eased. For others, the new online experiences had the potential to be developed in their postpandemic lives.ConclusionAround half of the people surveyed participated in digital activities during Covid‐19. Future attention is needed to afford more people opportunities, and respond to access barriers experienced for the people with PMLD and those that support them.
The digital era and public sector reforms: Transformation or new tools for competing values?
Authors: Lindquist Evert A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article considers the tools and management approaches associated with the “digital‐era” public sector reform, which many observers suggest has supplanted or should supplant previous reforms such as those associated with the New Public Management. This article levers and adapts the Competing Values Framework to categorize various public service reform movements—Traditional Public Administration, New Public Management, Public Value Management, and New Public Governance—and associated value systems and cultures. It argues that not only do these prior reform movements persist as values and repertoires in public service systems, but they are also each variously receiving oxygen from “digital” as the latest wave of technological innovation affecting societies, markets, and governments. It calls for more systematic empirical work to gauge how digital tools have been affecting the mix and balance of values and repertoires associated with these reform movements in different parts of public service systems in Canada and beyond.
Patterns of site‐level periodontal disease and within‐mouth correlation among older adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Shing Tracie L. , Preisser John S. , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Divaris Kimon , Beck James D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesClinical measures of periodontal disease such as attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD) vary considerably between and within individuals with periodontitis and are known to be influenced by person‐level factors (e.g. age and race/ethnicity) as well as intraoral characteristics (e.g. tooth type and location). This study sought to characterize site‐level disease patterns and correlations using both person‐level and intraoral factors through a model‐based approach.MethodsThis study used full‐mouth, six sites per tooth, periodontal examination data collected from 2301 Hispanic/Latino adults aged 60–74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The presence of site‐level CAL ≥3 mm and PD ≥4 mm was estimated using generalized estimating equations (GEE), explicitly modelling pairwise periodontal site correlations, while adjusting for number of teeth, sex and Hispanic/Latino background. Subsequently tooth‐ and tooth‐site patterns of intraoral CAL ≥3 mm and PD ≥4 mm were estimated and visualized in the HCHS/SOL population.ResultsThe findings showed that posterior sites had the highest odds of CAL ≥3 mm and PD ≥4 mm. Sites located in the interproximal space had higher odds of PD ≥4 mm but lower odds of CAL ≥3 mm than non‐interproximal sites. Mexicans had the lowest odds of CAL ≥3 mm among all Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. While Mexicans had lower odds of PD ≥4 mm than Central Americans and Cubans, they had higher odds than Dominicans and Puerto Ricans. Site‐level proportions and pairwise correlations of PD ≥4 mm were generally smaller than those of CAL ≥3 mm.ConclusionsThe patterns of site‐level probabilities of clinical measures of periodontal disease can be defined based on tooth, site and individual‐level characteristics. Intraoral correlation patterns, while complex, are quantifiable. The risk factors for site‐level CAL ≥3 mm may differ from those of PD ≥4 mm. Likewise, participant risk factors for site‐level clinical measures of periodontal disease are distinct from those that affect individual‐level periodontitis prevalence. Future epidemiological investigations should consider model‐based approaches when examining site‐level disease probabilities to identify intra‐oral patterns of periodontal disease and make inferences about the larger population.
Influence of Benggang slope cracks on soil water regimes: Comparison of model simulation and time‐domain reflectometry
Authors: Duan Xiaoqian , Deng Yusong , Liu Changxin , He Yangbo , Lin Lirong , Chen Jiazhou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCracks greatly influence the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of soil and are one of the most important factors for increasing Ks. Moreover, both cracks and Ks influence soil water distribution. This study aimed to investigate the consistency of the effects of cracks and Ks on the water distribution along slopes. Ks was measured in three soil layers along two typical Benggang (a severe gully erosion landform) slopes using a double‐ring infiltrometer. The Ks values show a gradual decrease with increasing distance from the gully head in the same soil layer, and this phenomenon is consistent with the distribution of cracks on the slope measured by the staining tracer method. This indicates that the distribution of cracks can be accurately predicted by measuring the spatial variation in Ks. The VADOSE/W model was employed to simulate soil water configurations and yielded inaccurate simulation results, typically in the lower slope. In addition, the simulation results were greatly improved through the inclusion of effective cracks by adjusting the material properties, but not solely by adjusting the Ks. Therefore, the influence of cracks on the water distribution is not well reflected by Ks, and cracks must be incorporated into the relevant models. The soil water content in the topsoil of the lower slope near the headwall with more cracks was than that of the upper slope, implying that cracks likely accelerate the downward movement of water and increase leakage. This process increases the water content and pore water pressure in deeper soil layers, thereby eventually increasing the likelihood of soil erosion. The results of this study can improve our understanding of the triggers of Benggang erosion and provide guidance on the prevention and control of soil erosion risks in areas with granitic soil.Highlights
The influence of cracks on water distribution cannot be strongly reflected by Ks.
Cracks must be considered when analysing the soil water content in a simulation mode.
The distribution of cracks influences the timing and frequency of Benggang erosion.
Soil cracks distribution is important in soil risk remediation and control such as Benggang erosion.
Intra‐company transfers: The government/corporate interface in the United Kingdom
Authors: Salt John , Brewster Chris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the role of intra‐company transfers in the United Kingdom government's labour immigration policy over the last quarter century. It demonstrates their role in determining the number of non‐European Economic Area foreigners working in the country and examines the way policy, both generally and specifically, has developed. It presents new statistical data and uses that evidence to examine the interplay between the government and multinational corporations in the determination of a significant element of foreign labour immigration. Its findings demonstrate that intra‐company transfers have consistently played a major role in the management of UK labour immigration with a small number of occupations and countries of origin characterizing the system at various times. It concludes that the system has operated through a symbiotic relationship between government and major companies to the mutual benefit of both. However, ‘Brexit’ and the COVID‐19 pandemic are leading to reassessment of political and corporate objectives.
Short fiber spraying process of all‐oxide ceramic matrix composites: A parameter study
Authors: Winkelbauer Jonas , Puchas Georg , Krenkel Walter , Schafföner Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFiber spraying processes have been established for polymer matrix composites for decades. In this study, we transferred an automated fiber spraying process to short fiber bundle‐reinforced Nextel 610/ Al2O3‐ZrO2 oxide fiber composites (SF‐OFC). The effect of the processing factors travel height, spray angle, and movement speed on the specimen strength was analyzed in a full factorial experimental design. As a result, the significance of the travel height as well as the interaction between travel height and movement speed was demonstrated. Furthermore, the influence of the fiber length (14, 28, 56, and 112 mm) on the bending stress and strain was investigated. Independent of the used fiber length, the SF‐OFC exhibited an excellent quasi‐ductile fracture behavior with bending strains in the range of .6% and in‐plane isotropic material properties. The average bending strength increased from 133 ± 27 MPa with 14 mm fiber reinforcements to 163 ± 29 MPa with 112 mm fibers. The achieved bending strengths clearly exceeded the off‐axis properties of currently used fabric‐reinforced OFC. These properties, combined with the excellent drapability and cost effectiveness, make the novel material highly promising for industrial applications such as flame tubes, burner nozzles, kiln furnitures, or foundry components.
Effects of soybean 7S protein on the quality and digestibility of dry rice noodles under twin‐screw extrusion process
Authors: Qiao Fan , Wang Lin , Guan Chunmin , Long Xinkang , Lin Qinlu , Liu Chun 
Published: August 2022

SummaryStarch and protein are important components of food, the mixed system formed between them (complexes, gels, mixtures, etc.) can improve the physical and chemical properties of starch and protein, and its potential application in the food industry has also attracted widespread attention. In this study, indica rice flour and soybean 7S protein (β‐Conglycinin) were used as the experimental materials to explore the effect of soybean 7S protein addition on the quality and digestibility of rice noodles. Aims to develop rice noodles with high protein and low GI, so that people can take care of their health while satisfying their appetites. The results showed that with the increase of soybean 7S protein addition, the starch digestibility decreased, resulting in the estimated glycaemic index (eGI) and glycaemic load (GL) decreasing. However, the cooking loss rate and breakage rate of rice noodles gradually increased, the water absorption first increased and then decreased, and the taste of rice noodles is acceptable when the 7S protein addition amount is within 9%. The interaction between starch and soybean 7S protein was mediated by weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD).
The origin and evolution of carpels and fruits from an evo‐devo perspective
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Li Jun , Gong Pichang , He Chaoying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe flower is an evolutionary innovation in angiosperms that drives the evolution of biodiversity. The carpel is integral to a flower and develops into fruits after fertilization, while the perianth, consisting of the calyx and corolla, is decorative to facilitate pollination and protect the internal organs, including the carpels and stamens. Therefore, the nature of flower origin is carpel and stamen origin, which represents one of the greatest and fundamental unresolved issues in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we briefly summarize the main progress and key genes identified for understanding floral development, focusing on the origin and development of the carpels. Floral ABC models have played pioneering roles in elucidating flower development, but remain insufficient for resolving flower and carpel origin. The genetic basis for carpel origin and subsequent diversification leading to fruit diversity also remains elusive. Based on current research progress and technological advances, simplified floral models and integrative evolutionary‐developmental (evo‐devo) strategies are proposed for elucidating the genetics of carpel origin and fruit evolution. Stepwise birth of a few master regulatory genes and subsequent functional diversification might play a pivotal role in these evolutionary processes. Among the identified transcription factors, AGAMOUS (AG) and CRABS CLAW (CRC) may be the two core regulatory genes for carpel origin as they determine carpel organ identity, determinacy, and functionality. Therefore, a comparative identification of their protein–protein interactions and downstream target genes between flowering and non‐flowering plants from an evo‐devo perspective may be primary projects for elucidating carpel origin and development.
Cohabiting adult children's transfers to parents in the United States
Authors: Patterson Sarah E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis brief report presents national estimates of transfers of time and money from cohabiting adult children (ages 18–65) to their parents (own and in‐laws) to test whether cohabiting adults give differently from their counterparts.BackgroundPrevious US studies use data collected in the late 1980s and mid‐1990s, when cohabitation was an emerging family form; they find mixed results. Rising rates of cohabitation and an aging population of parents who may rely on transfers from adult children necessitate updated estimates that can help develop the theory of institutionalization of cohabitation.MethodThis study used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Rosters and Transfers Module, a sample of US households (N = 6340), and logistic and negative binomial models to estimate the likelihood of giving any time or any money to parents by the respondent's union status, the amounts given, and parent type (own, in‐laws).ResultsCohabitors were less likely to give time to their own parents than their never married counterparts, and gave fewer hours, but were more likely to give time and gave more hours than married adults. For financial transfers to own parents, cohabitors and married respondents gave similarly, but both were less likely to give any money than were single respondents. Cohabitators gave more hours to their in‐laws than married respondents.ConclusionCohabitors behave somewhere in‐between marital “greedy institution” norms and broader norms of solidarity with parents. More work should be done to understand how union status affects transfers to parents.
The language ideologies of multilingual nannies in London
Authors: Vessey Rachelle , Nicolai Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the globalized economy, multilingualism is increasingly perceived as a way of maximizing competitiveness, even in the family home. In the United Kingdom, multilingualism has become an asset for nannies, granting privileged access to a niche job market. Adopting the theoretical lens of language ideology, we identify sites and forms of language evaluation within the nannies’ discursive construction of their language work. Using thematic analysis of interview and focus group data with nannies, we examine how nannies represent their English and L1 language practices, verbalizations, and embodiments. Findings suggest that, rather than language practices, it is the verbalization of the symbolic value of multilingualism (normally through the medium of English) that grants nannies an advantageous position in the market. This market is made possible by upper‐middle‐class families, whose privileging of specific languages and speakers perpetuates eliteness, gendered language work, and problematic approaches to second language learning.
Anti‐PANoptosis is involved in neuroprotective effects of melatonin in acute ocular hypertension model
Authors: Ye Dan , Xu Yue , Shi Yuxun , Fan Matthew , Lu Peng , Bai Xue , Feng Yanlin , Hu Chenyang , Cui Kaixuan , Tang Xiaoyu , Liao Jing , Huang Wei , Xu Fan , Liang Xiaoling , Huang Jingjing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute ocular hypertension (AOH) is the most important characteristic of acute glaucoma, which can lead to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and permanent vision loss. So far, approved effective therapy is still lacking in acute glaucoma. PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis), which consists of three key modes of programmed cell death—apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis—may contribute to AOH‐induced RGC death. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) exerts a neuroprotective effect in many retinal degenerative diseases. However, whether melatonin is anti‐PANoptotic and neuroprotective in the progression of acute glaucoma remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of melatonin in AOH retinas and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that melatonin treatment attenuated the loss of ganglion cell complex thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and RGC after AOH injury, and improved the amplitudes of a‐wave, b‐wave, and oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling‐positive cells was decreased, and the upregulation of cleaved caspase‐8, cleaved caspase‐3, Bax, and Bad and downregulation of Bcl‐2 and p‐Bad were inhibited after melatonin administration. Meanwhile, both the expression and activation of MLKL, RIP1, and RIP3, along with the number of PI‐positive cells, were reduced in melatonin‐treated mice, and p‐RIP3 was in both RGC and microglia/macrophage after AOH injury. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and cleaved GSDMD, and decreased the number of Iba1/interleukin‐1β‐positive cells. In conclusion, melatonin ameliorated retinal structure, prevented retinal dysfunction after AOH, and exerted a neuroprotective effect via inhibition of PANoptosis in AOH retinas.
Ultrasound-assisted encapsulation of curcumin and fisetin into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells: a multistage batch process protocol
Authors: de Andrade E.W.V. , Hoskin R.T. , da Silva Pedrini M.R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Some of the challenges of yeast encapsulation protocols are low phytochemical internalization rates and limited intracellular compartments of yeasts. This study uses an ultrasound-assisted batch encapsulation (UABE) protocol to optimize the encapsulation of curcumin and fisetin by recovering nonencapsulated biomaterial and further incorporating it into nonloaded yeasts in three encapsulation stages (1ES, 2ES and 3ES). The effect of selected acoustic energies (166·7 and 333·3 W l−1) on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), yield (EY) and antioxidant activity retention were evaluated, and then, compared with a control process (without ultrasound treatment). Compared to the control, enhanced EEs were achieved for both curcumin (10·9% control to 58·5% UABE) and fisetin (18·6% control to 76·6% UABE) after 3ES and the use of 333·3 W l−1. Similarly, the yeast maximum loading capacity was improved from 6·6 to 13·4 mg g−1 for curcumin and from 11·1 to 26·4 mg g−1 for fisetin after UABE protocol. The antioxidant activity of produced biocapsules was positively correlated with the bioactive-loaded content of yeasts when ultrasound treatment was applied. Overall, results from this study provide valuable information regarding UABE processes, and moreover, bring new and creative perspectives for ultrasound technology in the food industry.