bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defined Microenvironments Trigger In Vitro Gastrulation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Srivastava Pallavi , Romanazzo Sara , Kopecky Chantal , Nemec Stephanie , Ireland Jake , Molley Thomas G. , Lin Kang , Jayathilaka Pavithra B. , Pandzic Elvis , Yeola Avani , Chandrakanthan Vashe , Pimanda John , Kilian Kristopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGastrulation is a stage in embryo development where three germ layers arise to dictate the human body plan. In vitro models of gastrulation have been demonstrated by treating pluripotent stem cells with soluble morphogens to trigger differentiation. However, in vivo gastrulation is a multistage process coordinated through feedback between soluble gradients and biophysical forces, with the multipotent epiblast transforming to the primitive streak followed by germ layer segregation. Here, the authors show how constraining pluripotent stem cells to hydrogel islands triggers morphogenesis that mirrors the stages preceding in vivo gastrulation, without the need for exogenous supplements. Within hours of initial seeding, cells display a contractile phenotype at the boundary, which leads to enhanced proliferation, yes‐associated protein (YAP) translocation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and emergence of SRY‐box transcription factor 17 (SOX17)+ T/BRACHYURY+ cells. Molecular profiling and pathway analysis reveals a role for mechanotransduction‐coupled wingless‐type (WNT) signaling in orchestrating differentiation, which bears similarities to processes observed in whole organism models of development. After two days, the colonies form multilayered aggregates, which can be removed for further growth and differentiation. This approach demonstrates how materials alone can initiate gastrulation, thereby providing in vitro models of development and a tool to support organoid bioengineering efforts.
Interactions of Localized Wave Structures on Periodic Backgrounds for the Coupled Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel Equations in Birefringent Optical Fibers
Authors: Li Xing‐Lan , Guo Rui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNonlinear waves on periodic backgrounds play an important role in physical systems. In this study, nonlinear waves that include solitons, breathers, rogue waves, and semi‐rational solutions on periodic backgrounds for the coupled Lakshmanan‐Porsezian‐Daniel equations are investigated. Moreover, the interactions between different types of nonlinear waves are examined and their dynamic behaviors are studied. In particular, it is observed that bright‐dark rogue waves interact with bright‐dark breathers or solitons on periodic backgrounds, four‐petaled breathers interact with two eye‐shaped breathers on periodic backgrounds, and a four‐petal rogue wave interplays with a rogue wave on periodic backgrounds. Furthermore, it is found that the value of the parameter γ3 affects the weak and strong interactions of these nonlinear waves. These results may be useful in the study of nonlinear wave dynamics in coupled nonlinear wave models.
Gradient Graphdiyne Induced Copper and Oxygen Vacancies in Cu0.95V2O5 Anodes for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Fan , An Juan , Shen Han , Wang Zhongqiang , Li Guoxing , Li Yuliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVacancies can significantly affect the performance of metal oxide materials. Here, a gradient graphdiyne (GDY) induced Cu/O‐dual‐vacancies abundant Cu0.95V2O5@GDY heterostructure material has been prepared as a competitive fast‐charging anode material. Cu0.95V2O5 self‐catalyzes the growth of gradient GDY with rich alkyne‐alkene complex in the inner layer and rich alkyne bonds in the outer layer, leading to the formation of Cu and O vacancies in Cu0.95V2O5. The synergistic effect of vacancies and gradient GDY results in the electron redistribution at the hetero‐interface to drive the generation of a built‐in electric field. Thus, the Li‐ion transport kinetics, electrochemical reaction reversibility and Li storage sites of Cu0.95V2O5 are greatly enhanced. The Cu0.95V2O5@GDY anodes show excellent fast‐charging performance with high capacities and negligible capacity decay for 10 000 cycles and 20 000 cycles at extremely high current densities of 5 A g−1 and 10 A g−1, respectively. Over 30 % of capacity can be delivered in 35 seconds.
Planar Chiral Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Liao Xiang‐Ji , Pu Dongdong , Yuan Li , Tong Jingjing , Xing Shuai , Tu Zhen‐Long , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zheng Wen‐Hua , Zheng You‐Xuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChiral boron/nitrogen doped multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are promising for highly efficient and color‐pure circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). Herein, we report two pairs of MR‐TADF materials (Czp‐tBuCzB, Czp‐POAB) based on planar chiral paracyclophane with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 98 %. The enantiomers showed symmetric circularly polarized photoluminescence spectra with dissymmetry factors |gPL| of up to 1.6×10−3in doped films. Meanwhile, the sky‐blue CP‐OLEDs with (R/S)‐Czp‐tBuCzB showed an external quantum efficiency of 32.1 % with the narrowest full‐width at half‐maximum of 24 nm among the reported CP‐OLEDs, while the devices with (R/S)‐Czp‐POAB displayed the first nearly pure green CP electroluminescence with |gEL| factors at the 10−3level. These results demonstrate the incorporation of planar chirality into MR‐TADF emitter is a reliable strategy for constructing of efficient CP‐OLEDs.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Controllable Single and Double Difluoromethylene Formal Insertions into C−H Bonds of Aldehydes with TMSCF2Br
Authors: Liu An , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Qiqiang , Hu Jinbo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have developed a new strategy for controllable single and double difluoromethylene (CF2) formal insertions into C−H bonds of aldehydes with nearly full selectivity under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The key to the success of controllable CF2insertions lies in the well‐defined formation of 2,2‐difluoroenolsilyl ether and 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ether intermediates using difluorocarbene reagent TMSCF2Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl). These two intermediates can react with various electrophiles including proton sources and various halogenation reagents, allowing for the access to diverse arrays of ketones containing difluoromethylene (CF2) and tetrafluoroethylene (CF2CF2) units. The first synthesis of relatively stable 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluorocyclopropanolsilyl ethers has been achieved, which offers a new platform to explore other unknown chemical space.
Unilateral sacral erector spinae plane block for lower limb surgery in children
Authors: Gupta A. , Kaur J. , Kumar R. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe erector spinae plane block is a versatile regional anaesthesia technique used for a variety of truncal surgeries. A novel variation is the sacral erector spinae plane block which is gaining popularity for perineal and anorectal procedures. Local anaesthetic injected at this level blocks the sacral dermatomes and has the potential for more proximal spread to involve lumbar nerve fibres via spread to the lumbar plexus or the epidural space. The advantage of a sacral erector spinae plane block over a neuraxial block is that it is less invasive and may have a better safety profile: there is a reduced risk of epidural haematoma, epidural abscess, haemodynamic instability and motor weakness of the lower extremities. Until now, this approach has been used for midline surgical procedures when the local anaesthetic was injected bilaterally. Its application for lower limb procedures with a single unilateral injection has not been described. We report the use of a unilateral sacral erector spinae plane block at the level of the S2 median crest in two children undergoing lower limb procedures of the hip and thigh. The block was found to provide effective peri‐operative analgesia with minimal need for any opioid analgesics and without any significant adverse effects.
Research in Electrochromic Supercapacitor – A Focused Review
Authors: Yun Tae Gwang , Chen Xi , Cheong Jun Young 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAttributed to its high safety and fast charging capabilities, supercapacitor is one of the most widely active research fields in the energy storage for last several decades. Recently, with the significant advances on the internet‐of‐things (IoT) technologies as well as growing market demands for wearable electronics, not only the electrochemical performance but also visual aspects of the devices become increasingly important. In this aspect, electrochromic supercapacitor has garnered significant attention in the last decade, which exhibits both color transition and reversible charge/discharge. So far, although some works have been devoted to investigating on the materials and/or components of electrochromic supercapacitor, none of the works have carefully investigated and analyzed the history, research progress, and future directions for electrochromic supercapacitor. In this review, the research progress and advances in the electrochromic supercapacitor are summarized, as well as suggestion for future directions for the electrochromic supercapacitor, which makes an early projection for future research on electrochromic supercapacitor.
Review on Cathode Materials for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Structural Design with Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Park Hyunyoung , Lee Yongseok , Ko Wonseok , Choi Myungeun , Ku Bonyoung , Ahn Hobin , Kim Junseong , Kang Jungmin , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Kim Jongsoon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a promising candidates for next‐generation secondary battery system, sodium‐ion (Na‐ion) batteries and potassium‐ion (K‐ion) batteries are recently attracting considerable attention because of their cost‐effectiveness and similar reaction mechanism to that of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the major challenges for their practical application are sluggish ionic kinetic with excessive volume change of the cathode material, caused by larger ionic radius than Li+ ion. The current demand for high energy density is not satisfactory with the electrochemical properties of the cathode materials for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries studied so far, but extensive studies have been conducted to achieve large reversible capacity, high power capacity, and long life in recent years. This review provides comprehensive information on the cathode material studies reported to date for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries, with a particular focus on the various strategies of each cathode material to achieve high electrochemical properties. In this regard, diverse electrochemical properties of cathode materials for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries are compared with current Li‐ion battery systems, and future research directions are discussed along with related challenges and prospects.
What connects splicing of transfer RNA precursor molecules with pontocerebellar hypoplasia?
Authors: Sekulovski Samoil , Trowitzsch Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) represent the most abundant class of RNA molecules in the cell and are key players during protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis. Aberrations in the extensive tRNA biogenesis pathways lead to severe neurological disorders in humans. Mutations in the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) and its associated RNA kinase cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1 (CLP1) cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, that manifest as underdevelopment of specific brain regions typically accompanied by microcephaly, profound motor impairments, and child mortality. Recently, we demonstrated that mutations leading to specific PCH subtypes destabilize TSEN in vitro and cause imbalances of immature to mature tRNA ratios in patient‐derived cells. However, how tRNA processing defects translate to disease on a systems level has not been understood. Recent findings suggested that other cellular processes may be affected by mutations in TSEN/CLP1 and obscure the molecular mechanisms of PCH emergence. Here, we review PCH disease models linked to the TSEN/CLP1 machinery and discuss future directions to study neuropathogenesis.
Digital twin of a continuous chromatography process for mAb purification: Design and model‐based control
Authors: Tiwari Anamika , Masampally Vishnu Swaroopji , Agarwal Anshul , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModel‐based design of integrated continuous train coupled with online process analytical technology (PAT) tool can be a potent facilitator for monitoring and control of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) in real time. Charge variants are product related variants and are often regarded as CQAs as they may impact potency and efficacy of drug. Robust pooling decision is required for achieving uniform charge variant composition for mAbs as baseline separation between closely related variants is rarely achieved in process scale chromatography. In this study, we propose a digital twin of a continuous chromatography process, integrated with an online HPLC‐PAT tool for delivering real time pooling decisions to achieve uniform charge variant composition. The integrated downstream process comprised continuous multicolumn capture protein A chromatography, viral inactivation in coiled flow inverter reactor (CFIR), and multicolumn CEX polishing step. An online HPLC was connected to the harvest tank before protein A chromatography. Both empirical and mechanistic modeling have been considered. The model states were updated in real time using online HPLC charge variant data for prediction of the initial and final cut point for CEX eluate, according to which the process chromatography was directed to switch from collection to waste to achieve the desired charge variant composition in the CEX pool. Two case studies were carried out to demonstrate this control strategy. In the first case study, the continuous train was run for initially 14 h for harvest of fixed charge variant composition as feed. In the second case study, charge variant composition was dynamically changed by introducing forced perturbation to mimic the deviations that may be encountered during perfusion cell culture. The control strategy was successfully implemented for more than ±5% variability in the acidic variants of the feed with its composition in the range of acidic (13%–17%), main (18%–23%), and basic (59%–68%) variants. Both the case studies yielded CEX pool of uniform distribution of acidic, main and basic profiles in the range of 15 ± 0.8, 31 ± 0.3, and 53 ± 0.5%, respectively, in the case of empirical modeling and 15 ± 0.5, 31 ± 0.3, and 53 ± 0.3%, respectively, in the case of mechanistic modeling. In both cases, process yield for main species was >85% and the use of online HPLC early in the purification train helped in making quicker decision for pooling of CEX eluate. The results thus successfully demonstrate the technical feasibility of creating digital twins of bioprocess operations and their utility for process control.
A combined qualitative and quantitative method development and validation of vancomycin hydrochloride injection formulation by HPLC and UV involving quality by design
Authors: Sasikala Lankella , Koteswara Rao Vandavasi , Katari Naresh Kumar , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA selective, specific, precise, linear, accurate and robust analytical method was developed and validated for the assay of vancomycin HCl in vancomycin hydrochloride injection. Comparative UV spectrophotometric and reverse‐phase HPLC were used to develop the quantitative determination. Acetonitrile and pH 2.2 phosphate buffer in the ratio 20:80 v/v were used as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with a 20 min run time. The detection was carried out at 235 nm with a Nucleosil C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) 10 μm column, and the ambient column temperature was maintained. The method uses a 20 μl injection volume and diluent as a blank solution in this connection. The method was validated as per the current regulatory guidelines. The linearity of this method was found to be linear in the range of 50–150% of the working concentration, and the correlation coefficient was >0.999. The method’s accuracy was within the acceptable range, which was 98.1–101.5%. The method’s precision was within an acceptable range of about 0.32% RSD. The analytical solution was stable for up to 48 h at room temperature. The method’s robustness was proved by utilizing quality design tools. Stress studies demonstrated the method’s stability‐indicating nature.
Adverse events as potential predictive factors of therapeutic activity in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tada Fujimasa , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the possible correlation between the development of adverse events (AEs) and prognosis in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).MethodsA total of 286 patients with unresectable HCC treated with Atez/Bev as first‐line systematic therapy were included.ResultsRegarding treatment‐related AEs, decreased appetite of any grade, proteinuria of any grade, and fatigue of any grade were found with a frequency of ≥20%. Multivariate analysis adjusted for immune‐related liver injury, immune‐related endocrine dysfunction, proteinuria, fatigue, decreased appetite, hypertension, sex, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, HCC etiology, HCC stage, Child–Pugh score, and α‐fetoprotein showed that hypertension of any grade (hazard ratio [HR], 0.527; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.326–0.854;p = 0.009) and α‐fetoprotein ≥100 ng/ml (HR, 1.642; 95% CI, 1.111–2.427;p = 0.013) were independently associated with progression‐free survival. Multivariate analysis adjusted for the same AEs showed that fatigue (HR, 2.354; 95% CI, 1.299–4.510;p = 0.010) was independently associated with overall survival. Median progression‐free survival was 6.5 months (95% CI, 5.2–8.1) in patients without hypertension of any grade and 12.6 months (95% CI, 6.7–not available) in patients with hypertension of any grade (p = 0.035). The overall survival was significantly shorter in patients in whom treatment‐related fatigue of any grade was observed (p < 0.001). Regarding response rates, the disease control rate of patients who developed treatment‐related hypertension (94.2%) was significantly higher than those who did not (79.1%) (p = 0.009).ConclusionsTreatment‐related hypertension is associated with good outcomes in patients with HCC treated with Atez/Bev.
Coronary angiography after resuscitation without ST‐Elevation: Indication remains elusive
Authors: Kaleta Francois P. , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: December 2022

Key Points
Survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest without ST‐segment elevations present uncertain indications and timing for coronary angiography.
Patients without ST‐elevations who undergo angiography tend to be younger, with better neurologic status, and more rapid resuscitation.
Outcomes between patients whether they had angiography early, later, or never, were similar suggesting further work on discriminating the best care pathway for these patients is needed.
Same‐day discharge after left atrial appendage occlusion: Is ICE‐guided LAAO ready for prime time?
Authors: Khera Sahil , Dangas George 
Published: December 2022

Key Points
Single center study demonstrates the safety of same day discharge in intracardiac echocardiography guided watchman left atrial appendage occlusion.
The study also reported that female sex, older age and longer procedure duration are predictors of non‐same day discharge.
Standardization of intracardiac echocardiography for left atrial appendage closure devices is imperative before mainstream adoption.
Plaque burden estimated from optical coherence tomography with deep learning: In vivo validation using co‐registered intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Huang Jiayue , Tu Shengxian , Masuda Shinichiro , Ninomiya Kai , Dijkstra Jouke , Chu Miao , Ding Daixin , Hynes Sean O. , O'Leary Neil , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. , Wijns William 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to compare plaque burden (PB) calculated from optical coherence tomography (OCT) using deep learning (DL) with PB derived from co‐registered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).BackgroundA DL algorithm was developed for automated plaque characterization and PB quantification from OCT images. However, the performance of this algorithm for PB quantification has not been validated.MethodsFive‐year follow‐up OCT and IVUS images from 15 patients implanted with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) at baseline were analyzed. Precise co‐registration for 72 anatomical slices was achieved utilizing unique BVS radiopaque markers. PB derived from OCT DL and IVUS were compared. OCT cross‐sections were divided into four subgroups with different media visibility level. The impact of media visibility on the numerical difference between OCT‐derived and IVUS‐derived PB was investigated. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL and IVUS were compared.ResultsSixty‐four paired OCT and IVUS cross‐sections were compared. OCT DL showed good concordance with IVUS for PB assessment (ICC = 0.81, difference = −3.53 ± 6.17%, p < 0.001). The numerical difference between OCT DL‐derived PB and IVUS‐derived PB was not substantially impacted by missing segments of media visualization (p = 0.21). OCT DL showed a diagnostic accuracy of 92% in identifying PB > 65%. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL were smaller compared to the ones selected by IVUS (difference = 0.30 ± 0.34 mm, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe DL algorithm provides a feasible and reliable method for automated PB estimation from OCT, irrespective of media visibility. OCT DL showed good diagnostic accuracy in identifying PB > 65%, revealing its potential to complement conventional OCT imaging.
Process Optimization for Biodiesel Production and Its Effect on the Performance of Diesel Engines
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Shereen M. S. , Tharwat Kareem M. , Gad Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Ahmed T. , Emam Mahmoud A. , Khaled Ahmed M. , Elshishiny Mahmoud B. , El-Sayed Asmaa Ashraf Y. , Aly Sohair. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe operating conditions of transesterification reaction for maximum yield of biodiesel from waste cooking oil were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) in terms of stoichiometric methanol‐to‐oil ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The RSM model was significant with R2 = 0.99. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy certified the formation of methyl ester of most triglycerides. The produced biodiesel was tested in a diesel engine to be compared with biodiesel blends and pure petrodiesel, indicating promising results with regard to performance and emissions.