bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The composition of massive white dwarfs and their dependence on C-burning modeling
Authors: De Gerónimo Francisco C. , Miller Bertolami Marcelo M. , Plaza Francisco , Catelan Márcio 
Published: January 2022

Context. Recent computations of the interior composition of ultra-massive white dwarfs (WDs) have suggested that some WDs could be composed of neon (Ne)-dominated cores. This result is at variance with our previous understanding of the chemical structure of massive WDs, where oxygen is the predominant element. In addition, it is not clear whether some hybrid carbon (C) oxygen (O)-Ne WDs might form when convective boundary mixing is accounted for during the propagation of the C-flame in the C-burning stage. Both the Ne-dominated and hybrid CO-Ne core would have measurable consequences for asteroseismological studies based on evolutionary models.
Aims. In this work, we explore in detail to which extent differences in the adopted micro- and macro-physics can explain the different final WD compositions that have been found by different authors. Additionally, we explore the impact of such differences on the cooling times, crystallization, and pulsational properties of pulsating WDs.
Methods. We performed numerical simulations of the evolution of intermediate massive stars from the zero age main sequence to the WD stage varying the adopted physics in the modeling. In particular, we explored the impact of the intensity of convective boundary mixing during the C-flash, extreme mass-loss rates, and the size of the adopted nuclear networks on the final composition, age, as well crystallization and pulsational properties of WDs.
Results. In agreement with previous authors, we find that the inclusion of convective boundary mixing quenches the carbon flame leading to the formation of hybrid CO-Ne cores. Based on the insight coming from 3D hydro-dynamical simulations, we expect that the very slow propagation of the carbon flame will be altered by turbulent entrainment affecting the inward propagation of the flame. Also, we find that Ne-dominated chemical profiles of massive WDs recently reported appear in their modeling due to a key nuclear reaction being overlooked. We find that the inaccuracies in the chemical composition of the ultra-massive WDs recently reported lead to differences of 10% in the cooling times and degree of crystallization and about 8% in the period spacing of the models once they reach the ZZ Ceti instability strip.
Searching for anomalous microwave emission in nearby galaxies
Authors: Bianchi S. , Murgia M. , Melis A. , Casasola V. , Galliano F. , Govoni F. , Jones A. P. , Madden S. C. , Paladino R. , Salvestrini F. , Xilouris E. M. , Ysard N. 
Published: January 2022

Aims.We observed four nearby spiral galaxies (NGC 3627, NGC 4254, NGC 4736, and NGC 5055) in theKband with the 64-m Sardinia Radio Telescope, with the aim of detecting anomalous microwave emission (AME), a radiation component presumably due to spinning dust grains, which has been observed thus far in the Milky Way and only in a handful of other galaxies (most notably, M 31).Methods.We mapped the galaxies at 18.6 and 24.6 GHz and studied their global photometry together with other radio-continuum data from the literature in order to find AME as emission in excess of the synchrotron and thermal components.Results.We only found upper limits for AME. These nondetections, and other upper limits in the literature, are nevertheless consistent with the average AME emissivity from a few detections: it isϵ30 GHzAME= 2.4 ± 0.4 × 10−2MJy sr−1(M⊙pc−2)−1in units of dust surface density (equivalently, 1.4 ± 0.2 × 10−18Jy sr−1(H cm−2)−1in units of H column density). We finally suggest searching for AME in quiescent spirals with relatively low radio luminosity, such as M 31.
Properties of AZO thin films prepared by stationary and rotating RF magnetized plasma sputtering source
Authors: Hossain Md. Amzad , Patwary Md Abdul Majed , Rahman Md. Mustafizur , Ohtsu Yasunori 
Published: January 2022

The aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited with a star-shaped plasma using a high-density radio frequency (RF) magnetized sputtering source to develop well-consistent target utilization. The deposited AZO film characteristics were investigated using stationary and rotational modes with a velocity of 40 rpm, Ar pressure of 1.0 Pa, and RF power of 40 W with a deposition time of 1.0 h. The deposition rate profile of stationary mode with a roughness of ±30.18% was more fluctuating than that of rotational mode with a roughness of ±10.90%. The lowest electrical resistivities of the AZO films were obtained as 3.8 × 10−4 and 3.6 × 10−4 Ω cm at r = 0 mm for the stationary and rotational modes, respectively. According to the AFM and SEM results, the surface profile of the rotational mode grown AZO film was more uniform and smoother than that of the stationary mode. The intensity of x-ray diffraction peaks (002) of the grown AZO film was decreased from the center to the edge of the vessel. Most of the films showed two broad Raman peaks at about 274 and 575 cm−1, representing additional mode and longitudinal optical phonons of the wurtzite ZnO crystal. All the AZO films showed a high transmittance in the visible range, and the average transmittance of the AZO films in the visible range was ∼84%.
Temporal realization of multimodally designed enactment in Japanese talk-in-interaction
Authors: Arita Yuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article explores the issue of temporality and projectability regarding the production of enactments – stretches of talk designed as there-and-then verbal and/or non-verbal behaviors – in Japanese conversations. As word order is a practice that interactants employ for projecting the shape of an upcoming turn, the predicate-final structure of Japanese leads to “delayed projectability” (Fox, Hayashi & Jasperson 1996;Tanaka 1999,2000). Japanese enactments are no exception. In English, “she said” is prototypically produced before enactment and projects a forthcoming utterance as enactment (Lerner & Takagi 1999;Schegloff 1987). In Japanese, however, syntactic markings of enactment appear after enactment and thus retrospectively indicate preceding enactment. Despite the syntactically delayed projectability, the Japanese interactants rarely exhibit difficulty in comprehending enactments. This article demonstrates that the projection of Japanese enactment is assisted by various linguistic and/or non-linguistic resources accumulated in preparation for the launch of enactment and deployed within the design of enactment.
Stage-of-life words at the crossroads of language, culture and cognition
Authors: Farese Gian Marco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNowhere is the interface between language, culture and cognition more clearly visible than in word meanings and in cases of translational non-equivalence between words of different languages. One such case is that of the meanings of stage-of-life words in different languages. This paper presents a contrastive analysis between the Englishboyand the Italianragazzomade adopting the principles and methods of cross-linguistic semantics. The analysis demonstrates that the semantic non-equivalence between these two stage-of-life words results from the different age and time spans covered by each word and different cultural assumptions about the transition to manhood, showing how these differences are reflected in discourse in the respective languages. First, a discourse analysis is made for each word; after that, two separate semantic explications are produced with the Natural Semantic Metalanguage methodology and then contrasted to highlight the differences in meaning and the role of culture in the formation of different conceptualisations of the human life cycle.
Partitive, genitive or nominative?
Authors: Metslang Helle , Habicht Külli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The object has two variants in Estonian: partial object (in partitive, the functionally unmarked variant) and
total object (in genitive or nominative). We examine the variation in object case in Estonian texts from the 17th to the 20th
century, focusing on the 19th century and regarding this variation as an indicator in assessing the sociolinguistic variation of
Estonian in texts. The texts of Old Literary Estonian were written by German scholars for whom Estonian was a collective
interlanguage. In the 19th century the development of written Estonian came gradually into the hands of native speakers, who were
surrounded by a predominantly German-language cultural space. In the Estonian of Germans the total object was overused. The
19th-century texts written by native Estonians represent an amalgam of native language and earlier interlanguage, they show
fluctuations, and overuse of the partial object. By the turn of the 20th century, object case usage has stabilized.
Diachronic bottlenecks of the Uralic (ablative-)partitive
Authors: Grünthal Riho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the emergence of the partitive case in the three western-most branches of the Uralic language family, which are Saamic and Finnic in North Europe, and Mordvinic in Central Russia. The Finnic languages represent the outer edge of development in the partitive from an earlier ablative case, which used to manifest ‘source’, a specific property of spatial relations. In Finnic the partitive case is a multifunctional and conceptually distinct case, an inflectional category which has developed highly specific functions in object marking, negative phrase and as a case of non-canonical subject. Traces of this development are found in Saamic and Mordvinic as well, whereas other Uralic languages don’t share this kind of secondary development and functional extension. The development of this particular affix consists of several stages, special bottlenecks, enhancing functional properties and triggering the reanalysis of an inherited affix *-ta/-tä. This article focuses on the diachrony of this particular affix with special emphasis on western Uralic.
Nondestructive inspection of packaged microcircuits by aperture-type terahertz near-field imaging
Authors: Wang Nan , Chang Tianying , Cui Hong-Liang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A scanning aperture-type terahertz near-field imaging system is developed to perform precise nondestructive testing on packaged aluminum etched antenna arrays, and surface imaging of a flexible gold electrode array, to obtain subsurface imaging and surface imaging. The resolution of subsurface imaging is 110 and 500 μm when the packaging (polyethylene terephthalate) thickness is 50 and 200 μm respectively, and the surface imaging resolution is 6 μm at 0.11 THz. An adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm of Hilbert scan combined with wavelet transform were employed to successfully suppress the noise of the imaging results due to the change of near-field distance. We also proposed a derivative filtering extremum threshold segmentation algorithm to effectively suppress severely uneven threshold distribution of the packaged aluminum etched antenna arrays.
Spectral and spatial characteristic behaviour of three-dimensional radiation transfer in SF6 switching arcs
Authors: Esmaeili S , Kloc P , Yan J D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The spectral and spatial characteristics of three-dimensional radiation transfer across an arc column of 0.08 m long, typical in high-voltage gas blast circuit breakers, has been studied in detail. The arc column under study corresponds to an instantaneous current of 15 kA in SF6 gas at a pressure of 10 bar. Our results show that to calculate the radiative flux divergence (as a volumetric energy source), only a segment of the arc column of 0.024 m in thickness needs to be considered to attain an accuracy of better than 90%. Photons with a frequency lower than 2 × 1015 Hz (150 nm in wavelength) can travel a considerable distance (>0.02 m) with an intensity attenuation factor of 0.2–0.8. Above 2 × 1015 Hz, only photons from the continuum spectrum can travel up to 0.015 m and line emission is absorbed within a distance of typically 0.0005 m, i.e. the arcing gas is optically thick to these photons. The gas within a cross-section of the arc column can be divided into a net emission core and a net absorption zone. The 55%–75% of the radiation emitted from the core is reabsorbed. The starting position of the net absorption zone sits within the temperature interval of 75%–80% of the maximum temperature on the axis. The quantitative information from this work is expected to serve as baseline data for developing improved approximate models for radiation transfer calculation in SF6 switching arcs.
Flat and almost flat bands in the quasi-one-dimensional Josephson junction array
Authors: Bukatova Daryna , Zolotaryuk Yaroslav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The dispersion law for the linear waves in the quasi-one-dimensional array of inductively coupled Josephson junctions (JJs) is derived. The array has a multiladder structure that consists of the finite number of rows (N ⩾ 2) in Y direction and is infinite in X direction. The spectrum of the linear waves (Josephson plasmons) consists of 2N − 1 branches. Among these branches there is an N-fold completely flat degenerate one that coincides with the Josephson plasma frequency. The remaining N − 1 branches have a standard Josephson plasmon dispersion law typical for 1D JJ arrays. Application of the uniform dc bias on the top of each vertical column of junctions lifts the degeneracy and only one flat branch remains unchanged. The rest of the previously flat branches become weakly dispersive. The parameter range where the flatness of these branches is maximal has been discussed.
Implementation of flexible virtual microchannels based on optically induced dielectrophoresis
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Huanzhou , Song Zhengxun , Xu Hongmei , Wang Jiajia , Wang Zuobin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Micro-nano particle manipulation methods in liquid environments have been widely used in the fields such as medicine, biology and material science. Nevertheless, the methods usually rely on pre-prepared physical microfluidic channels. In this work, virtual electrodes based on the optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) method were used as virtual microchannels instead of traditional physical microfluidic channels. Virtual microchannels with different shapes were implemented by the designs of projected light patterns, which made the virtual microchannels have great flexibility and controllability. The theory of ODEP was verified by simulation and analysis of electric field distributions. The relationship between the manipulation force and the alternating current (AC) voltage or the AC frequency exerted on the cells was assessed. The experimental results indicated that the manipulation force was increased with the increase of the AC voltage, and it was reduced with the increase of the AC frequency. Moreover, different virtual microchannels were designed to carry out the transportation, aggregation and sorting of yeast cells and rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3 cells) and the survival rate of the cells was evaluated. This work shows that the virtual microchannels can be flexibly realized by ODEP in liquid environments.
Direct determination of k

Q
for Farmer-type ionization chambers in a clinical scanned carbon-ion beam using water calorimetry
Authors: Holm Kim Marina , Jäkel Oliver , Krauss Achim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Within two studies, k

Q
factors for two Farmer-type ionization chambers have been experimentally determined by means of water calorimetry in the entrance channel (EC) of a monoenergetic carbon-ion beam (Osinga-Blättermann et al 2017 Phys. Med. Biol.
62 2033–54) and for a passively modulated spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) (Holm et al 2021 Phys. Med. Biol.
66 145012). Both studies were performed at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) using the PTB portable water calorimeter but applying different initial beam energies of 429 MeV u−1 for the EC and 278 MeV u−1 for the SOBP as well as different scanning patterns of the irradiated field. Comparing their results revealed differences between the experimental k

Q
factors of up to 1.9% between the EC and the SOBP. To further investigate this unexpected difference, we performed additional k

Q
determinations for the EC of an 278 MeV u−1 monoenergetic carbon-ion beam and reevaluated the original data of Osinga-Blättermann et al (2017 Phys. Med. Biol.
62 2033–54). This new experimental data indicated no difference between the k

Q
factors for the EC and the SOBP and the reevaluation led to a substantial reduction of the originally published k

Q
factors for the EC of the 429 MeV u−1 beam (Osinga-Blättermann et al 2017 Phys. Med. Biol. 62 2033–54). Finally, no significant difference between the data for the EC and the data for the SOBP can be found within the standard measurement uncertainty of experimental k

Q
factors of 0.8%. The results presented here are intended to correct and replace the k

Q
data published by Osinga-Blättermann et al (2017 Phys. Med. Biol. 62 2033–54) and in Osinga-Blättermann and Krauss (2018 Phys. Med. Biol.
64 015009).
Generalized fifth-order nonlinear evolution equation for the Sawada-Kotera, Lax, and Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon equations in plasma physics: Painlevé analysis and multi-soliton solutions
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Mohan Brij , Kumar Amit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research aims to investigate a generalized fifth-order nonlinear partial differential equation for the Sawada-Kotera (SK), Lax, and Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon (CDG) equations to study the nonlinear wave phenomena in shallow water, ion-acoustic waves in plasma physics, and other nonlinear sciences. The Painlevé analysis is used to determine the integrability of the equation, and the simplified Hirota technique is applied to construct multiple soliton solutions with an investigation of the dispersion relation and phase shift of the equation. We utilize a linear combination approach to construct a system of equations to obtain a general logarithmic transformation for the dependent variable. We generate one-soliton, two-soliton, and three-soliton wave solutions using the simplified Hirota method and showcase the dynamics of these solutions graphically through interaction between one, two, and three solitons. We investigate the impact of the system’s parameters on the solitons and periodic waves. The SK, Lax, and CDG equations have a wide range of applications in nonlinear dynamics, plasma physics, oceanography, soliton theory, fluid dynamics, and other sciences.
Deep learning for biosignal control: insights from basic to real-time methods with recommendations
Authors: Dillen Arnau , Steckelmacher Denis , Efthymiadis Kyriakos , Langlois Kevin , De Beir Albert , Marusic Uros , Vanderborght Bram , Nowé Ann , Meeusen Romain , Ghaffari Fakhreddine , Romain Olivier , De Pauw Kevin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. Biosignal control is an interaction modality that allows users to interact with electronic devices by decoding the biological signals emanating from the movements or thoughts of the user. This manner of interaction with devices can enhance the sense of agency for users and enable persons suffering from a paralyzing condition to interact with everyday devices that would otherwise be challenging for them to use. It can also improve control of prosthetic devices and exoskeletons by making the interaction feel more natural and intuitive. However, with the current state of the art, several issues still need to be addressed to reliably decode user intent from biosignals and provide an improved user experience over other interaction modalities. One solution is to leverage advances in deep learning (DL) methods to provide more reliable decoding at the expense of added computational complexity. This scoping review introduces the basic concepts of DL and assists readers in deploying DL methods to a real-time control system that should operate under real-world conditions. Approach. The scope of this review covers any electronic device, but with an emphasis on robotic devices, as this is the most active area of research in biosignal control. We review the literature pertaining to the implementation and evaluation of control systems that incorporate DL to identify the main gaps and issues in the field, and formulate suggestions on how to mitigate them. Main results. The results highlight the main challenges in biosignal control with DL methods. Additionally, we were able to formulate guidelines on the best approach to designing, implementing and evaluating research prototypes that use DL in their biosignal control systems. Significance. This review should assist researchers that are new to the fields of biosignal control and DL in successfully deploying a full biosignal control system. Experts in their respective fields can use this article to identify possible avenues of research that would further advance the development of biosignal control with DL methods.
Ancestral sequence reconstruction for co-evolutionary models
Authors: Rodríguez-Horta Edwin , Lage-Castellanos Alejandro , Mulet Roberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ancestral sequence reconstruction problem is the inference, back in time, of the properties of common sequence ancestors from the measured properties of contemporary populations. Standard algorithms for this problem assume independent (factorized) evolution of the characters of the sequences, which is generally wrong (e.g. proteins and genome sequences). In this work, we have studied this problem for sequences described by global co-evolutionary models, which reproduce the global pattern of cooperative interactions between the elements that compose it. For this, we first modeled the temporal evolution of correlated real valued characters by a multivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process on a finite tree. This represents sequences as Gaussian vectors evolving in a quadratic potential, who describe the selection forces acting on the evolving entities. Under a Bayesian framework, we developed a reconstruction algorithm for these sequences and obtained an analytical expression to quantify the quality of our estimation. We extend this formalism to discrete valued sequences by applying our method to a Potts model. We showed that for both continuous and discrete configurations, there is a wide range of parameters where, to properly reconstruct the ancestral sequences, intra-species correlations must be taken into account. We also demonstrated that, for sequences with discrete elements, our reconstruction algorithm outperforms traditional schemes based on independent site approximations.
Noise-induced transition in the Zeldovich–Semenov model with local and global bifurcations
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Xianbin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The noise-induced transition of the Zeldovich–Semenov model in a continuous stirred tank reactor is investigated under small random perturbations. The deterministic model will exhibit mono- and bistable characteristics via local and global bifurcations. In the bistable zone, based on the Freidlin–Wentzell large deviation theory, the stochastic preference is explained by analyzing the required action of the fluctuational path. For the case of monostability, in the weak noise limit, the emergence of the switching line gives rise to the sudden switch of the optimal path and the sliding cycle will appear via the sliding bifurcation, which is verified by numerical methods. In addition, when there is no saddle in phase space, stochastic excitation with large-amplitude spikes is studied. On the quasi-threshold manifold, the point with the minimum quasi-potential plays the same role as the saddle, which means that the optimal path will undergo a large excursion by crossing this special point. These phenomena are verified by employing stochastic simulations.