bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Watch Before or Listen While Doing? A Randomized Pilot of Video-Modelling versus Telementored Tube Thoracostomy
Authors: Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Tomlinson Corey , Donley Nigel , McKee Jessica L. , Ball Chad G. , Wachs Juan P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground:New care paradigms are required to enable remote life-saving interventions (RLSIs) in extreme environments such as disaster settings. Informatics may assist through just-in-time expert remote-telementoring (RTM) or video-modelling (VM). Currently, RTM relies on real-time communication that may not be reliable in some locations, especially if communications fail. Neither technique has been extensively developed however, and both may be required to be performed by inexperienced providers to save lives. A pilot comparison was thus conducted.Methods:Procedure-naïve Search-and-Rescue Technicians (SAR-Techs) performed a tube-thoracostomy (TT) on a surgical simulator, randomly allocated to RTM or VM. The VM group watched a pre-prepared video illustrating TT immediately prior, while the RTM group were remotely guided by an expert in real-time. Standard outcomes included success, safety, and tube-security for the TT procedure.Results:There were no differences in experience between the groups. Of the 13 SAR-Techs randomized to VM, 12/13 (92%) placed the TT successfully, safely, and secured it properly, while 100% (11/11) of the TT placed by the RTM group were successful, safe, and secure. Statistically, there was no difference (P = 1.000) between RTM or VM in safety, success, or tube security. However, with VM, one subject cut himself, one did not puncture the pleura, and one had barely adequate placement. There were no such issues in the mentored group. Total time was significantly faster using RTM (P = .02). However, if time-to-watch was discounted, VM was quicker (P = .000).Conclusions:Random evaluation revealed both paradigms have attributes. If VM can be utilized during “travel-time,” it is quicker but without facilitating “trouble shooting.” On the other hand, RTM had no errors in TT placement and facilitated guidance and remediation by the mentor, presumably avoiding failure, increasing safety, and potentially providing psychological support. Ultimately, both techniques appear to have merit and may be complementary, justifying continued research into the human-factors of performing RLSIs in extreme environments that are likely needed in natural and man-made disasters.
The Squire Law Library: Celebrating Foster's Design. A Return to Forever
Authors: Wills David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article David Wills, the Librarian of the Squire Law Library, offers a brief description of the extraordinary range of architecture at the University of Cambridge with particular reference to the David Williams Building, designed by the world-renowned architects Foster + Partners. He suggests that, in the context of the Squire Law Library, which occupies the top three floors of the David Williams Building, the building has truly come of age; he looks at some of the features and challenges of its modern design; and notes that the building looks set to play a major part in the education and research activity of legal scholars and university students into the distant future. This article is a personal reflection based on the author's experience of using and working in the building for some 26 years since it was constructed and opened in the mid-1990s.
The Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (aka The SSC Society)
Authors: Wilcox Christine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article Christine Wilcox describes the library of the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland, otherwise known as the SSC Society. She looks at the history of the library, its work and how the library has evolved. She also describes how things have changed in the last few decades and, most recently, what the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have been on the service.
Identifying Red Herrings in American Legal Research
Authors: Gow Erin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents useful clues for British law librarians and legal researchers conducting research on American laws and legal systems. It focuses on general guidelines and key sticking points the author, Erin Gow, found when transitioning between legal research in the American and British jurisdictions. Key skills introduced include the ability to: differentiate between federal and state legal jurisdictions in the US; recognize key differences in American legal terminology and construct searches using American terms; analyze and select key American legal resources for different types of research questions; and identify American standards of legal citation. This article is based on the presentation that the author gave at the BIALL Online Annual Conference in June 2021.
Building an Academic Law Library from Scratch
Authors: Bennett Greg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGoldsmiths, University of London, started teaching LLBs in Law in 2019/2020. Greg Bennett was hired in 2018 to be the subject librarian for law, and to stock the library before teaching commenced. In this article, based on his presentation at the BIALL Online Annual Conference in June 2021, the author will discuss his decision-making and selection processes regarding his choices about what to include, and what not to include in the collection.
The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Rainfall Extremes in a Changing Climate: A CONUS‐Wide Assessment Based on Multifractal Scaling Arguments
Authors: Emmanouil Stergios , Langousis Andreas , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven the rapidly changing climate, accurate spatiotemporal information on the evolution of extreme rainfall events is required for flood risk assessment and the design of resilient infrastructure. Consequently, various research efforts have focused on investigating the appropriateness of various parametric and non‐parametric approaches in modeling the observed changes in the frequency of extreme rainfall over time. Yet, the assumption of stationarity, or the change of model parameters when accounting for nonstationary rainfall, may magnify estimation uncertainty of rain rates associated with low exceedance probabilities. Moreover, the use of climate model results may yield inconclusive outcomes, given the existence of epistemic uncertainties in the frequency of extreme events developing on smaller spatial scales or over complex terrain. Herein, we employ a parametric approach based on multifractal scaling arguments, along with high‐resolution (4‐km) hourly precipitation estimates covering a 40‐year period over CONUS, to derive Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency curves and investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of extreme rainfall over a wide range of characteristic temporal scales and exceedance probability levels. Considering the robustness of the multifractal models even when fitted to short rainfall records, we uniquely apply the framework to sequential 10‐year segments of data, where the rainfall process can be reasonably assumed stationary. The obtained results reveal that existing infrastructure may be severely impacted by the intensification of precipitation extremes due to climate change, with the observed trends being significantly influenced by the topography and rainfall climatology of each region, while depending on the averaging durations and return periods of interest.
Tissue losses and metabolic adaptations both contribute to the reduction in resting metabolic rate following weight loss
Authors: Martin Alexandra , Fox Darius , Murphy Chaise A. , Hofmann Hande , Koehler Karsten 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
To characterize the contributions of the loss of energy-expending tissues and metabolic adaptations to the reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) following weight loss.

Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted on data from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy study. Changes in RMR, body composition, and metabolic hormones were examined over 12 months of calorie restriction in 109 individuals. The contribution of tissue losses to the decline in RMR was determined by weighing changes in the size of energy-expending tissues and organs (skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, bone, brain, inner organs, residual mass) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with their tissue-specific metabolic rates. Metabolic adaptations were quantified as the remaining reduction in RMR.

Results
RMR was reduced by 101 ± 12 kcal/d as participants lost 7.3 ± 0.2 kg (both p < 0.001). On average, 60% of the total reduction in RMR were explained by energy-expending tissues losses, while 40% were attributed to metabolic adaptations. The loss of skeletal muscle mass (1.0 ± 0.7 kg) was not significantly related to RMR changes (r = 0.14, p = 0.16), whereas adipose tissue losses (7.2 ± 3.0 kg) were positively associated with the reduction in RMR (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) and metabolic adaptations (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). Metabolic adaptations were correlated with declines in leptin (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), triiodothyronine (r = 0.19, p < 0.05), and insulin (r = 0.25, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
During weight loss, tissue loss and metabolic adaptations both contribute to the reduction in RMR, albeit variably. Contrary to popularly belief, it is not skeletal muscle, but rather adipose tissue losses that seem to drive RMR reductions following weight loss. Future research should target personalized strategies addressing the predominant cause of RMR reduction for weight maintenance.
Evolution and development: engine-driven endodontic rotary nickel-titanium instruments
Authors: Liang Yuhong , Yue Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVarious engine-driven NiTi endodontic files have been indispensable and efficient tools in cleaning and shaping of root canals for practitioners. In this review, we introduce the relative terms and conceptions of NiTi file, including crystal phase composition, the design of the cutting part, types of separation. This review also analysis the main improvement and evolution of different generations of engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments in the past 20 years in the geometric design, manufacturing surface treatment such as electropolishing, thermal treatment, metallurgy. And the variety of motion modes of NiTi files to improve resistance to torsional failure were also discussed. Continuous advancements by the designers, provide better balance between shaping efficiency and resistance to of NiTi systems. In clinical practice an appropriate system should be selected based on the anatomy of the root canal, instrument characteristics, and operators’ experience.
HOXA-AS2 contributes to regulatory T cell proliferation and immune tolerance in glioma through the miR-302a/KDM2A/JAG1 axis
Authors: Zhong Chuanhong , Tao Bei , Li Xianglong , Xiang Wei , Peng Lilei , Peng Tangming , Chen Ligang , Xia Xiangguo , You Jian , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been manifested to manipulate diverse biological processes, including tumor-induced immune tolerance. Thus, we aimed in this study to identify the expression pattern of lncRNA homeobox A cluster antisense RNA 2 (HOXA-AS2) in glioma and decipher its role in immune tolerance and glioma progression. We found aberrant upregulation of lncRNA HOXA-AS2, lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A), and jagged 1 (JAG1) and a downregulation of microRNA-302a (miR-302a) in glioma specimens. Next, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that lncRNA HOXA-AS2 upregulated KDM2A expression by preventing miR-302a from binding to its 3′untranslated region. The functional experiments suggested that lncRNA HOXA-AS2 could promote regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferation and immune tolerance, which might be achieved through inhibition of miR-302a and activation of KDM2A/JAG1 axis. These findings were validated in a tumor xenograft mouse model. To conclude, lncRNA HOXA-AS2 facilitates KDM2A/JAG1 expression to promote Treg cell proliferation and immune tolerance in glioma by binding to miR-302a. These findings may aid in the development of novel antitumor targets.
Design of self-healing and self-restoring materials utilizing reversible and movable crosslinks
Authors: Ikura Ryohei , Park Junsu , Osaki Motofumi , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira , Takashima Yoshinori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelf-healing materials have attracted attention due to their ability to regain their structure and function after damage. In recent years, significant progress has been made in achieving various functions through supramolecular chemistry. This review describes an overview of the strategies used to prepare self-healing and self-restoring materials utilizing reversible and movable crosslinks. Reversible crosslinks, consisting of noncovalent bonds, can reversibly undergo repeated cleavage and reformation. Therefore, self-healing can be achieved by effectively regenerating reversible crosslinks between polymeric chains. Reversible crosslinks exploit many kinds of dynamic covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, metal coordination bonds, ionic interactions, π–π stacking, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Movable crosslinks exhibit self-restoring properties. Self-restoring materials can regain their original shape and mechanical properties after a cycle of loading and unloading external stress. Movable crosslinks consist of polymer chains that penetrate macrocyclic units and have self-restoring properties due to their sliding motion along the polymeric chains. In addition, multiple reversible cross-links produce synergistic effects to simultaneously achieve high toughness and effective self-healing. We believe that self-healing and self-restoring materials will play a substantial role in realizing a sustainable society.
Highly porous and injectable hydrogels derived from cartilage acellularized matrix exhibit reduction and NIR light dual-responsive drug release properties for application in antitumor therapy
Authors: Gulfam Muhammad , Jo Sung-Han , Jo Sung-Woo , Vu Trung Thang , Park Sang-Hyug , Lim Kwon Taek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we developed novel stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels composed of a highly biocompatible cartilage acellularized matrix (CAM) and a water-soluble cross-linker containing a diselenide bridge by using ultrafast norbornene (Nb)-tetrazine (Tz) click chemistry. The cross-linking reaction between the Nb groups of the CAM and Tz groups of the cross-linker evolved nitrogen gas and resulted in injectable hydrogels with highly porous structures. The synthesized hydrogels demonstrated high drug loading efficiencies (up to 93%), good swelling ratios, and useful mechanical properties. The doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded hydrogels released minimal amounts of DOX in the simulated physiological medium; however, sustained release of DOX was detected under reducing conditions, revealing more than 90% DOX release after 96 h. Interestingly, the indocyanine green (ICG)-incorporated hydrogels produced reactive oxygen species upon exposure to NIR light and exhibited burst release (>50% DOX release) of DOX during the first 4 h, followed by a sustained release phase. In vitro cytocompatibility tests showed that the synthesized CAM-Nb and hydrogels are essentially nontoxic to HFF-1 fibroblast cells and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29), indicating their excellent bioorthogonality and biocompatibility. Furthermore, DOX-loaded and DOX + ICG-loaded hydrogels inhibited the metabolic activities of HT-29 cells after GSH or NIR exposure and induced antitumor effects similar to those of free DOX. Therefore, these biocompatible and reduction-responsive injectable hydrogels, which exhibited on-demand drug release after NIR exposure, could be promising candidates for minimally invasive local delivery of cancer therapeutics.
Light-induced dimension crossover dictated by excitonic correlations
Authors: Cheng Yun , Zong Alfred , Li Jun , Xia Wei , Duan Shaofeng , Zhao Wenxuan , Li Yidian , Qi Fengfeng , Wu Jun , Zhao Lingrong , Zhu Pengfei , Zou Xiao , Jiang Tao , Guo Yanfeng , Yang Lexian , Qian Dong , Zhang Wentao , Kogar Anshul , Zuerch Michael W. , Xiang Dao , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn low-dimensional systems with strong electronic correlations, the application of an ultrashort laser pulse often yields novel phases that are otherwise inaccessible. The central challenge in understanding such phenomena is to determine how dimensionality and many-body correlations together govern the pathway of a non-adiabatic transition. To this end, we examine a layered compound, 1T-TiSe2, whose three-dimensional charge-density-wave (3D CDW) state also features exciton condensation due to strong electron-hole interactions. We find that photoexcitation suppresses the equilibrium 3D CDW while creating a nonequilibrium 2D CDW. Remarkably, the dimension reduction does not occur unless bound electron-hole pairs are broken. This relation suggests that excitonic correlations maintain the out-of-plane CDW coherence, settling a long-standing debate over their role in the CDW transition. Our findings demonstrate how optical manipulation of electronic interaction enables one to control the dimensionality of a broken-symmetry order, paving the way for realizing other emergent states in strongly correlated systems.
Biocatalysed synthesis planning using data-driven learning
Authors: Probst Daniel , Manica Matteo , Nana Teukam Yves Gaetan , Castrogiovanni Alessandro , Paratore Federico , Laino Teodoro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnzyme catalysts are an integral part of green chemistry strategies towards a more sustainable and resource-efficient chemical synthesis. However, the use of biocatalysed reactions in retrosynthetic planning clashes with the difficulties in predicting the enzymatic activity on unreported substrates and enzyme-specific stereo- and regioselectivity. As of now, only rule-based systems support retrosynthetic planning using biocatalysis, while initial data-driven approaches are limited to forward predictions. Here, we extend the data-driven forward reaction as well as retrosynthetic pathway prediction models based on the Molecular Transformer architecture to biocatalysis. The enzymatic knowledge is learned from an extensive data set of publicly available biochemical reactions with the aid of a new class token scheme based on the enzyme commission classification number, which captures catalysis patterns among different enzymes belonging to the same hierarchy. The forward reaction prediction model (top-1 accuracy of 49.6%), the retrosynthetic pathway (top-1 single-step round-trip accuracy of 39.6%) and the curated data set are made publicly available to facilitate the adoption of enzymatic catalysis in the design of greener chemistry processes.
High-pH structure of EmrE reveals the mechanism of proton-coupled substrate transport
Authors: Shcherbakov Alexander A. , Spreacker Peyton J. , Dregni Aurelio J. , Henzler-Wildman Katherine A. , Hong Mei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe homo-dimeric bacterial membrane protein EmrE effluxes polyaromatic cationic substrates in a proton-coupled manner to cause multidrug resistance. We recently determined the structure of substrate-bound EmrE in phospholipid bilayers by measuring hundreds of protein-ligand HN–F distances for a fluorinated substrate, 4-fluoro-tetraphenylphosphonium (F4-TPP+), using solid-state NMR. This structure was solved at low pH where one of the two proton-binding Glu14 residues is protonated. Here, to understand how substrate transport depends on pH, we determine the structure of the EmrE-TPP complex at high pH, where both Glu14 residues are deprotonated. The high-pH complex exhibits an elongated and hydrated binding pocket in which the substrate is similarly exposed to the two sides of the membrane. In contrast, the low-pH complex asymmetrically exposes the substrate to one side of the membrane. These pH-dependent EmrE conformations provide detailed insights into the alternating-access model, and suggest that the high-pH conformation may facilitate proton binding in the presence of the substrate, thus accelerating the conformational change of EmrE to export the substrate.
Evidence for the oxidation of Earth’s crust from the evolution of manganese minerals
Authors: Hummer Daniel R. , Golden Joshua J. , Hystad Grethe , Downs Robert T. , Eleish Ahmed , Liu Chao , Ralph Jolyon , Morrison Shaunna M. , Meyer Michael B. , Hazen Robert M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnalysis of manganese mineral occurrences and valence states demonstrate oxidation of Earth’s crust through time. Changes in crustal redox state are critical to Earth’s evolution, but few methods exist for evaluating spatially averaged crustal redox state through time. Manganese (Mn) is a redox-sensitive metal whose variable oxidation states and abundance in crustal minerals make it a useful tracer of crustal oxidation. We find that the average oxidation state of crustal Mn occurrences has risen in the last 1 billion years in response to atmospheric oxygenation following a 66 ± 1 million-year time lag. We interpret this lag as the average time necessary to equilibrate the shallow crust to atmospheric oxygen fugacity. This study employs large mineralogical databases to evaluate geochemical conditions through Earth’s history, and we propose that this and other mineral data sets form an important class of proxies that constrain the evolving redox state of various Earth reservoirs.
Performances of rapid and connected salivary RT-LAMP diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 infection in ambulatory screening
Authors: Schneider Francisco Santos , Molina Laurence , Picot Marie-Christine , L’Helgoualch Nicolas , Espeut Julien , Champigneux Pierre , Alali Mellis , Baptiste Julie , Cardeur Lise , Carniel Christophe , Davy Martin , Dedisse Daniel , Dubuc Benjamin , Fenech Hugo , Foulongne Vincent , Gaillard Carole Fruchart , Galtier Florence , Makinson Alain , Marin Grégory , Santos Raissa Medina , Morquin David , Ouedraogo Alimata , Lejeune Alexandra Prieux , Quenot Marine , Keiflin Pierre , Robles Francisco Checa , Rego Carolina Rodrigues , Salvetat Nicolas , Trento Charline , Vetter Diana , Molina Franck , Reynes Jacques 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the context of social events reopening and economic relaunch, sanitary surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still required. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performances of a rapid, extraction-free and connected reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay on saliva. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and saliva from 443 outpatients were collected simultaneously and tested by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) as reference standard test. Seventy-one individuals (16.0%) were positive by NP and/or salivary RT-qPCR. Sensitivity and specificity of salivary RT-LAMP were 85.9% (95%CI 77.8–94.0%) and 99.5% (98.7–100%), respectively. Performances were similar for symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants were analyzed and no dominant mutation in RT-LAMP primer region was observed during the period of the study. We demonstrated that this RT-LAMP test on self-collected saliva is reliable for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This simple connected test with optional automatic results transfer to health authorities is unique and opens the way to secure professional and social events in actual context of economics restart.