bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated slow orthostatic tremor of the trunk
Authors: Aziz N. Ahmad , Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Kaut Oliver 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSlow orthostatic tremor is an extremely rare movement disorder with relatively low-frequency tremor (< 13 Hz) in the legs and trunk, which is evoked by standing. There is still much controversy regarding its precise etiology. Here we present a 57 year-old female patient with a slow orthostatic tremor variant who experienced progressive gait disturbances since six years due to isolated trunk tremor. Potential symptomatic causes of tremor and other neurological co-morbidities were excluded through an exenstive clinical, laboratoy and imaging work-up. Subsequently, a combined treatment with propranolol and primidone was started, which resulted in almost complete resolution of the trunk tremor. Given that the slow trunk tremor in this patient almost completely resolved after therapy with a low-dose propranolol and primidone, considered first line drugs for the treatment of essential tremor, this case illustrates that isolated orthostatic trunk tremor may occur as a rare variant of essential tremor.
Value of laryngeal ultrasound in comparison with flexible laryngoscope in diagnosis of various laryngeal masses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gadalla Amr A. Elfattah Hassan , Othman Khaled Mohamed , Hamela Mo’men Ali Ameen , El Bohy Abo El Magd Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe term "vocal cord mass" refers to any abnormal growth of the vocal cords. This may include nodules, cysts, polyps, or cancers. Hoarseness of voice is considered the most common symptom of laryngeal lesions. Ultrasound imaging has evolved into a valuable and effective technique for evaluating the head and neck region, including the larynx's structure. Our aim is to evaluate laryngeal ultrasound as an alternative technique to the flexible laryngoscope in the diagnosis and assessment of various laryngeal masses.ResultsThe study included 30 males (57.7%) and 22 females (42.3%) who presented with hoarseness of voice. All patients had laryngeal ultrasonography, which was followed by flexible laryngoscopy. The most commonly affected cord was the left vocal cord (42.3%), followed by the right vocal cord (32.7%), and finally both of them (25%). The sensitivity of laryngeal ultrasonography was 88.5% compared to the gold standard flexible laryngoscopy (pvalue 0.031).ConclusionsThe laryngeal ultrasonography is a highly successful technique in the diagnosis and assessment of various laryngeal masses and could be complementary to flexible laryngoscopy in many cases, especially when laryngoscopy is contraindicated, with relatively high sensitivity in the detection of laryngeal masses.
New Onset or Deterioration of Thyroid Eye Disease After mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Mohamed Abubakr , Tzoulis Ploutarchos , Kossler Andrea Lora , Dosiou Chrysoula 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextOccurrence of Graves’ disease (GD) has been reported following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration, but little is known about thyroid eye disease (TED) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.ObjectiveWe describe 2 cases of TED activation following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and review additional cases reported in the literature.MethodsWe report 2 cases of TED activation following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: 1 case of TED worsening in a patient with GD, and 1 of de novo active TED progressing to dysthyroid optic neuropathy in a patient with a history of Hashimoto hypothyroidism. Our literature search revealed 8 additional reported TED cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination until June 2022. We review the characteristics, duration, and management of TED following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in these cases.ResultsOf all 10 reported TED cases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, 4 developed new-onset TED and 6 previously stable TED cases experienced significant deterioration. Six patients had known GD and 2 patients had Hashimoto thyroiditis. Two cases progressed to dysthyroid optic neuropathy, 6 had moderate/severe active disease, and 2 had mild disease that did not require treatment. Seven TED cases received teprotumumab and had a favorable response, 2 of whom had prior limited response to initial prednisone or methylprednisolone and tocilizumab therapy.ConclusionNew diagnosis or deterioration of TED after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can occur, with most cases described in patients with underlying autoimmune thyroid disease. Our report raises awareness to this potential complication to promote early recognition and prompt management of TED associated with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of TED following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Lion's Share
Authors: Erlmann Veit 
Published: October 2022

In the aftermath of apartheid, South Africa undertook an ambitious revision of its intellectual property system. In Lion’s Share Veit Erlmann traces the role of copyright law in this process and its impact on the South African music industry. Although the South African government tied the reform to its postapartheid agenda of redistributive justice and a turn to a postindustrial knowledge economy, Erlmann shows how the persistence of structural racism and Euro-modernist conceptions of copyright threaten the viability of the reform project. In case studies ranging from antipiracy police raids and the crafting of legislation to protect indigenous expressive practices to the landmark lawsuit against Disney for its appropriation of Solomon Linda’s song "Mbube" for its hit “The Lion Sleeps Tonight” from The Lion King, Erlmann follows the intricacies of musical copyright through the criminal justice system, parliamentary committees, and the offices of a music licensing and royalty organization. Throughout, he demonstrates how copyright law is inextricably entwined with race, popular music, postcolonial governance, indigenous rights, and the struggle to create a more equitable society.
First-Pass Effect Predicts Clinical Outcome and Infarct Growth After Thrombectomy for Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions
Authors: Farouki Yousra , Bonnet Thomas , Mine Benjamin , Hulscher Franny , Wang Maud , Elens Stephanie , Vazquez Suarez Juan , Jodaitis Lise , Ligot Noémie , Naeije Gilles , Walker Gregory , Lubicz Boris , Guenego Adrien 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
The first-pass effect in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been associated with better clinical outcomes and decreased stroke progression in large vessel occlusion but has not been evaluated in distal, medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs).

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the impact on clinical outcome and stroke progression of the modified first-pass effect (defined as a successful first-pass [modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b/2c/3] revascularization) in patients who underwent EVT for a primary DMVOs.

METHODS:
We collected data from consecutive patients who underwent EVT for a primary DMVO at a single large academic center. We compared the rate of good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale of 0-2 at 3 months) and stroke progression between patients who demonstrated modified first-pass effect (mFPE) vs those who did not (no-mFPE).

RESULTS:
Between January 2018 and January 2021, we included 60 patients who underwent EVT for an acute ischemic stroke with a primary DMVO. Overall, mFPE was achieved in 32% (19/60) of EVTs. The mFPE was associated with a higher rate of good clinical outcome compared with no-mFPE (89% vs 46%, odds ratio = 16.04 [2.23-115.39], P = .006 in multivariate analysis). Final stroke volume was less among mFPE patients (6.9 mL [4.7-13.6] vs 23 mL [14.6-47], P = .001) as was stroke progression (6.8 mL [4-12.1] vs 17.8 mL [8.1-34.9], P = .016). The mFPE was still associated with higher rates of good clinical outcome when compared with patients reaching an modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b in more than 1 pass (89% vs 53%; odds ratio = 7.37 [1.43-38.08], P = .017).

CONCLUSION:
The mFPE may be associated with better clinical outcomes and lower stroke progression in DMVO.
Development of Risk Stratification Predictive Models for Cervical Deformity Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Ahmad Waleed , Oh Cheongeun , Imbo Bailey , Naessig Sara , Pierce Katherine , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Hamilton D. Kojo , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Klineberg Eric O. , Gum Jeffrey , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Line Breton , Hart Robert A. , Burton Douglas C. , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank J. , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
As corrective surgery for cervical deformity (CD) increases, so does the rate of complications and reoperations. To minimize suboptimal postoperative outcomes, it is important to develop a tool that allows for proper preoperative risk stratification.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop a prognostic utility for identification of risk factors that lead to the development of major complications and unplanned reoperations.

METHODS:
CD patients age 18 years or older were stratified into 2 groups based on the postoperative occurrence of a revision and/or major complication. Multivariable logistic regressions identified characteristics that were associated with revision or major complication. Decision tree analysis established cutoffs for predictive variables. Models predicting both outcomes were quantified using area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating curve characteristics.

RESULTS:
A total of 109 patients with CD were included in this study. By 1 year postoperatively, 26 patients experienced a major complication and 17 patients underwent a revision. Predictive modeling incorporating preoperative and surgical factors identified development of a revision to include upper instrumented vertebrae > C5, lowermost instrumented vertebrae > T7, number of unfused lordotic cervical vertebrae > 1, baseline T1 slope > 25.3°, and number of vertebral levels in maximal kyphosis > 12 (AUC: 0.82). For developing a major complication, a model included a current smoking history, osteoporosis, upper instrumented vertebrae inclination angle < 0° or > 40°, anterior diskectomies > 3, and a posterior Smith Peterson osteotomy (AUC: 0.81).

CONCLUSION:
Revisions were predicted using a predominance of radiographic parameters while the occurrence of major complications relied on baseline bone health, radiographic, and surgical characteristics.
Carotid Artery Stenting Using the Walrus Balloon Guide Catheter With Flow Reversal for Proximal Embolic Protection: Technical Description and Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Cappuzzo Justin M. , Monteiro Andre , Waqas Muhammad , Baig Ammad A. , Popoola Daniel O. , Almayman Faisal , Khawar Wasiq I. , Farkash Zoe G. , Davies Jason M. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Levy Elad I. , Snyder Kenneth V. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
The use of modern transfemoral balloon guide catheters (BGC) for flow reversal during carotid artery stenting is scarcely described in the literature but represents a promising and efficient technique for embolic protection.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a flow-reversal technique using the Walrus BGC (Q'Apel Medical Inc.) and report our center's experience.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of data for consecutive patients aged 18 years or older who underwent elective carotid artery stenting with the use of flow reversal through the Walrus BGC between July 2020 and September 2021. Patient characteristics, procedural details, and clinical follow-up were evaluated.

RESULTS:
One hundred and five patients were included. Mean age was 69.8 ± 9.4 years, and 36 (34.3%) were women. The most common comorbidities were hyperlipidemia (76.2%) and hypertension (57.1%). Fifty-nine (56.2%) patients were symptomatic. Ninety-nine (94.3%) patients had stenosis ≥70%. Contralateral stenosis ≥50% was present in 44 patients (41.9%). Distal filters were used after flow reversal was established in 90 patients (85.7%). Angioplasty was performed in 85 patients (80.9%). Stenting was successful in 100% of cases. No periprocedural transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes occurred. Stroke occurred in 2 patients (1.9%) during the 30-day follow-up period, resulting in 1 (0.9%) death.

CONCLUSION:
In our experience, this technique was safe, feasible, and efficient, with 100% technical success and no periprocedural thromboembolic complications. More extensive studies are needed to establish the role of proximal protection with flow reversal using modern BGCs.
Modeling mammalian spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiationin vitro
Authors: Kirsanov Oleksandr , Johnson Taylor , Malachowski Taylor , Niedenberger Bryan A. , Gilbert Emma A. , Bhowmick Debajit , Ozdinler P. Hande , Gray Douglas A. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey , Hermann Brian P. , Geyer Christopher B. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn mammalian testes, premeiotic spermatogonia respond to retinoic acid by completing an essential lengthy differentiation program before initiating meiosis. The molecular and cellular changes directing these developmental processes remain largely undefined. This wide gap in knowledge is due to two unresolved technical challenges: (1) lack of robust and reliable in vitro models to study differentiation and meiotic initiation; and (2) lack of methods to isolate large and pure populations of male germ cells at each stage of differentiation and at meiotic initiation. Here, we report a facile in vitro differentiation and meiotic initiation system that can be readily manipulated, including the use of chemical agents that cannot be safely administered to live animals. In addition, we present a transgenic mouse model enabling fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based isolation of millions of spermatogonia at specific developmental stages as well as meiotic spermatocytes.
Effect of Running-Induced Fatigue on Tibial Acceleration and the Role of Lower Limb Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance
Authors: DARCH LACHLAN , CHALMERS SAMUEL , CAUSBY RYAN , ARNOLD JOHN 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
High-impact loads have been linked with running injuries. Fatigue has been proposed to increase impact loads, but this relationship has not been rigorously examined, including the associated role of muscle strength, power, and endurance.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on impact loading in runners and the role of muscle function in mediating changes in impact loading with fatigue.

Methods
Twenty-eight trained endurance runners performed a fixed-intensity time to exhaustion test at 85% of V̇O2max. Tibial accelerations were measured using leg-mounted inertial measurement units and sampled every minute until volitional exhaustion. Tests of lower limb muscle strength, power, and endurance included maximal isometric strength (soleus, knee extensors, and knee flexors), single leg hop for distance, and the one leg rise test. Changes in peak tibial acceleration (PTA, g) were compared between time points throughout the run (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Associations between the change in PTA and lower limb muscle function tests were assessed (Spearman’s rho [r
s]).

Results
PTA increased over the duration of the fatiguing run. Compared with baseline (0%) (mean ± SD, 9.1g ± 1.6g), there was a significant increase at 75% (9.9g ± 1.7g, P = 0.001) and 100% (10.1g ± 1.8g, P < 0.001), with no change at 25% (9.6g ± 1.6g, P = 0.142) or 50% (9.7g ± 1.7g, P = 0.053). Relationships between change in PTA and muscle function tests were weak and not statistically significant (r
s = −0.153 to 0.142, all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Peak axial tibial acceleration increased throughout a fixed-intensity run to exhaustion. The change in PTA was not related to performance in lower limb muscle function tests.
A “Step-Ramp-Step” Protocol to Identify Running Speed and Power Associated with the Maximal Metabolic Steady State
Authors: VAN RASSEL CODY R. , AJAYI OLUWATIMILEHIN O. , SALES KATE M. , AZEVEDO RAFAEL A. , MURIAS JUAN M. , MACINNIS MARTIN J. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
A previously established Step-Ramp-Step (SRS) exercise protocol was able to accurately predict the work rate associated with the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS) in cyclists. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a modified SRS protocol could predict the running speed and power associated with the MMSS.

Methods
Fifteen (8 male; 7 female) runners (V̇O2max 54.5 [6.5] mL·kg−1·min−1) were recruited for this investigation composed of four to five visits. In the first visit, runners performed a moderate intensity step (MOD), an incremental exercise test, and a heavy intensity step (HVY), on a motorized treadmill. This SRS protocol was used to predict the running speed and power associated with the MMSS (i.e., the SRS-MMSS), where running power was assessed by a wearable device (Stryd) attached to each runner’s shoe. Subsequent visits were used to confirm the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) as a proxy measure of the MMSS (i.e., the MLSS-MMSS) and to validate the SRS-MMSS speed and power estimates.

Results
The estimated SRS-MMSS running speed (7.2 [0.6] mph) was significantly lower than confirmed running speed at MLSS-MMSS (7.5 [0.8] mph; bias = 3.6%, P = 0.005); however, the estimated SRS-MMSS running power (241 [35] W) was not different than the MLSS-MMSS confirmed running power (240 [37] W; bias = −0.6%; P = 0.435). V̇O2 at SRS-MMSS (3.22 [0.49] L·min−1) was not different than respiratory compensation point (3.26 [0.58] L·min−1; P = 0.430). Similarly, V̇O2 at MLSS-MMSS (3.30 [0.54] L·min−1) was not different than respiratory compensation point (P = 0.438).

Conclusions
The SRS protocol allows MMSS, as measured by MLSS, to be accurately determined using running power (Stryd), but not speed, in a single laboratory visit.
Awareness and intention to register halal certification of micro and small-scale food enterprises
Authors: Oemar Hirawati , Prasetyaningsih Endang , Bakar Siti Zakiah Abu , Djamaludin Djamaludin , Septiani Anis 
Published: October 2022

Background: This paper discusses halal awareness of MSE food producers in West Java Province, Indonesia. Halal awareness is the first step toward obtaining halal certificates, which confirm that the product is lawful according to Islamic Sharia. Unfortunately, despite Islam being the religion of most Indonesians, most food sold in the market lacks a halal certificate due to a lack of awareness among food producers about the importance of selling halal-certified foods. Methods: This study aims at measuring the level of halal awareness and the intention of MSE food producers to register halal certification. Halal awareness is assumed to be influenced by knowledge of halal and the food producers’ perception of the benefits of halal certificates. Furthermore, halal awareness, attitudes, and perception of ease of procedures will encourage the intention to register halal certification. An electronic Google Form with a cover letter and a set of questionnaires was distributed to collect data. Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was chosen to evaluate the adopted theoretical models in the exploratory research.. Results: The results show that halal awareness is influenced by knowledge of halal and perception of its benefits. Moreover, halal awareness influences positively the intention to obtain a halal certificate, but the intention is not significantly affected by attitudes to produce halal foods and perception of procedures for obtaining halal certification. This shows that halal awareness will increase the intention to register halal certification. However, misconceptions about the procedures for obtaining halal certificates keep them from registering. Conclusions: MSE food producers in West Java Province, Indonesia have a good level of awareness about halal food. However, their products are not halal-certified due to the perception of the procedures for obtaining halal certificates are relatively complicated and costly for them.
Circulating microparticles are increased amongst people presenting with HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi and correlate closely with arterial stiffness: a nested case control study
Authors: Kelly Christine , Gurung Rijan , Kamng'ona Raphael , Sheha Irene , Chammudzi Mishek , Jambo Kondwani , Mallewa Jane , Rapala Alicja , Heyderman Rob , Mallon Patrick , Mwandumba Henry , Khoo Saye , Klein Nigel 
Published: October 2022

Background: We aim to investigate whether circulating microparticle (CMPs) subsets were raised amongst people presenting with a new diagnosis of HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi, and whether they associated with arterial stiffness. Methods: Microparticle characterisation and carotid femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) were carried out in a cohort of adults with a new HIV diagnosis and CD4 <100 cells/µL at 2 weeks post ART initiation. HIV uninfected controls were matched on age, systolic BP and diastolic BP in a 1:1 ratio. Circulating microparticles were identified from platelet poor plasma and stained for endothelial, leucocyte, monocyte and platelet markers. Results: The median (IQ) total CMP count for 71 participants was 1 log higher in HIV compared to those without (p<0.0001) and was associated with arterial stiffness (spearman rho 0.47, p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, every log increase in circulating particles showed a 20% increase in cfPWV (95% CI 4 – 40%, p=0.02). In terms of subsets, endothelial and platelet derived microparticles were most strongly associated with HIV. Endothelial derived E-selectin+ CMPs were 1.3log-fold higher and platelet derived CD42a+ CMPs were 1.4log-fold higher (both p<0.0001). Endothelial and platelet derived CMPs also correlated most closely with arterial stiffness [spearman rho: E-selectin+ 0.57 and CD42a 0.56, both p<0.0001). Conclusions: Circulating microparticles associate strongly with arterial stiffness among PLWH in Malawi. Endothelial and platelet microparticles are the predominant cell origin types, indicating that platelet driven endothelial dysfunction pathways warrant further investigation in HIV associated arterial stiffness.