bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Government transfers, COVID‐19 shock, and food insecurity: Evidence from rural households in India
Authors: Kumar Anjani , Mishra Ashok K. , Saroj Sunil , Rashid Shahidur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has decimated the lives and livelihoods of people worldwide. The impact of COVID‐19 has been especially devastating for low‐income families in rural areas of India. Soon after the nationwide lockdown was announced, food insecurity became pervasive in rural areas, as many families relied on daily wage work to fund necessities. By providing cash transfers and additional foodgrains, Indian policymakers acted swiftly to reduce the financial impact on family income and consumption. This paper investigates the factors affecting rural families' participation in the cash transfer program and the effect of government cash transfers on food insecurity. Results indicate that India's government cash transfer program decreased moderate food insecurity by 2.4% and severe food insecurity by about 0.92% [EconLit Citations: O12, I31, I32, I38].
Cunoniaceae infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Matel Theodore P. , Gandolfo María A. , Hermsen Elizabeth J. , Wilf Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPremiseTwo distinct types of fossil infructescences from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco flora, Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina, preserve features of the family Cunoniaceae. The goal of the study was to assess their affinities within Cunoniaceae and to interpret their evolutionary and biogeographical significance.MethodsSpecimens were collected from the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco, Huitrera Formation. They were prepared, photographed, and compared morphologically with similar extant and fossil fruits and infructescences using published literature and herbarium material.ResultsThe fruit and infructescence morphology place the fossil taxa within Cunoniaceae. They do not conform to any extant genus, supporting the erection of two new fossil genera. Racemofructus gen. nov. shares diagnostic features of the tribe Cunonieae, especially Weinmannia s.l., and exhibits two tribal morphological synapomorphies: a racemose inflorescence and a replum composed of a single column. Cunoniocarpa gen. nov. specimens are paniculate inflorescences with basipetally dehiscent, bicarpellate capsules that have persistent styles and calyces. Its replum morphology suggests an affinity to the tribe Caldcluvieae, particularly to the genus Ackama.ConclusionsThe new Patagonian fossils described herein constitute the oldest record of cunoniaceous capsules globally, supplementing a significant body of fossil evidence from pollen, wood, and reproductive structures from southern South America and Antarctica that suggests that the Cunoniaceae were diversified and widely distributed in the southern hemisphere by the early Eocene. Racemofructus and Cunoniocarpa are, respectively, the first fossil records from South America of reproductive structures with affinity to tribes Cunonieae and Caldcluvieae.
Trajectories of quality of life recovery and symptom burden after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: D'Souza Anita , Brazauskas Ruta , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Hari Parameswaran , Bashey Asad , Callander Natalie , Devine Steven , Efebera Yvonne , Ganguly Siddhartha , Gasparetto Cristina , Geller Nancy , Horowitz Mary M. , Koreth John , Landau Heather , Brunstein Claudio , McCarthy Philip , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Giralt Sergio , Krishnan Amrita , Flynn Kathryn E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) with post‐transplant maintenance therapy is standard of care in multiple myeloma (MM). While short‐term quality of life (QOL) deterioration after AHCT is known, the long‐term trajectories and symptom burden after transplantation are largely unknown. Toward this goal, a secondary analysis of QOL data of the BMT CTN 0702, a randomized controlled trial comparing outcomes of three treatment interventions after a single AHCT (N = 758), was conducted. FACT‐BMT scores up to 4 years post‐AHCT were analyzed. Symptom burden was studied using responses to 17 individual symptoms dichotomized as ‘none/mild’ for scores 0–2 and ‘moderate/severe’ for scores of 3 or 4. Patients with no moderate/severe symptom ratings were considered to have low symptom burden at 1‐year. Mean age at enrollment was 55.5 years with 17% African Americans. Median follow‐up was 6 years (range, 0.4–8.5 years). FACT‐BMT scores improved between enrollment and 1‐year and remained stable thereafter. Low symptom burden was reported by 27% of patients at baseline, 38% at 1‐year, and 32% at 4 years post‐AHCT. Predictors of low symptom burden at 1‐year included low symptom burden at baseline: OR 2.7 (1.8–4.1), p < 0.0001; older age: OR 2.1 (1.3–3.2), p = 0.0007; and was related to being employed: OR 2.1 (1.4–3.2), p = 0.0004). We conclude that MM survivors who achieve disease control after AHCT have excellent recovery of FACT‐BMT and subscale scores to population norms by 1‐year post‐transplant, though many patients continue to report moderate to severe severity in some symptoms at 1‐year and beyond.
Deciphering complex rearrangements at the breakpoint of an apparently balanced reciprocal translocation t(4:18)(q31;q11.2)dn and at a cryptic deletion: Further evidence of TLL1 as a causative gene for atrial septal defect
Authors: Yamada Mamiko , Suzuki Hisato , Miya Fuyuki , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation is identified in patients with multiple congenital abnormalities, attempts are often made to infer the relationship between the phenotype of the patient and genes in the proximity of the breakpoint. Here, we report a patient with intellectual disability, atrial septal defect, syndactyly, and cleft lip and palate who had an “apparently balanced” de novo reciprocal translocation t(4:18)(q31;q11.2) as well as a 7‐Mb cryptic deletion spanning the HOXD cluster on chromosome 2q31 that was unrelated to the reciprocal translocation. Further analysis using a nanopore long‐read sequencer showed complex rearrangements on both derivative chromosomes 4 and 18 and the deleted chromosome 2. First, the TLL1 locus, which is associated with atrial septal defect, was disrupted by the rearrangement involving chromosome 4. Second, the deleted interval at 2q31 included the entire HOXD cluster, the deletion of which is known to cause toe syndactyly, and the DLX1 and DLX2 loci, which are responsible for cleft lip and palate. Among the haplo‐sensitive genes within the deleted interval on 2q31, only the RAPGEF4 gene is known to be associated with an autistic phenotype. Hence, most of the clinical features of the patient could be ascribed to specific genomic rearrangements. We have shown the effectiveness of long‐read sequencing in defining, in detail, the likely effects of an apparently balanced translocation and cryptic deletion. The results of the present analysis suggest the possibility of phenotypic prediction through a detailed analysis of structural abnormalities, including balanced translocations and deletions.
Recent Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Evaluation of 1,2‐Benzothiazine Analogues
Authors: Reetu Reetu , Gujjarappa Raghuram , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBenzothiazines are one of the significant nitrogen containing heterocyclic scaffolds which are found to be multipurpose in the fields of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. They are realized to be effective in curing enzymatic diseases caused by COX‐2, ALR‐2 (Aldose reductase enzyme), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), 11β‐HSD 1 (11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1) and proteolytic enzyme. These motifs act as a worthy candidate against cancerous cells, microorganisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS), viruses (HIV‐1, HCV‐NS5B) and monoamine oxidases. The objective of this review is to shed lime light on the medicinal and pharmacological aspects of 1,2‐benzothiazine derivatives which have been discovered in recent times for the benefit of broad range of readers in chemistry fraternity
Understanding dietary ecology in great apes from dental macrowear analysis
Authors: Fiorenza Luca , Harty Teagan , Janocha Marcel M. , Kullmer Ottmar , Nguyen Huynh N. , Bortolini Eugenio , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesDietary diversity in primates is reflected in their dental morphology, with differences in size and shape of teeth. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between molar morphology and macrowear patterns in Pongo, Gorilla, and Pan to obtain dietary information.MethodsWe have examined 68 second lower molars using the Occlusal Fingerprint Analysis method including 18 chimpanzees, 28 gorillas, and 22 orangutans. We selected only molars from wildshot specimens characterized by a moderate degree of wear. High‐resolution digital models of teeth were created using a white scanning light system with a resolution of 45 μm.ResultsThe macrowear patterns of Pan were significantly different from those of Gorilla and of Pongo, differences that are mostly due to shearing wear. Gorilla and Pongo macrowear patterns are dominated by phase II areas, followed by lingual phase I facets, while in Pan we observe a significant increase in buccal phase I facets. The latter group also displays the highest macrowear variation across the sample examined in this study.ConclusionsThe molar macrowear patterns of the great apes analyzed in this study did not confirm our initial hypothesis of finding larger crushing and grinding areas in Pongo and more shearing wear in Gorilla. Pan shows the most variable macrowear, which is probably associated with their more flexible diet. The similarity between Pongo and Gorilla macrowear patterns may be due to a larger intake of mechanically challenging foods that could obfuscate dietary wear signals generated by softer foods.
Phase‐Separated Multienzyme Compartmentalization for Terpene Biosynthesis in a Prokaryote
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Min , Wei Qixin , Wu Wanjie , He Yanping , Gao Jiayang , Zhou Renjie , Jiang Liwen , Qu Jianan , Xia Jiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) forms biomolecular condensates or coacervates in cells. Metabolic enzymes can form phase‐separated subcellular compartments that enrich enzymes, cofactors, and substrates. Herein, we report the construction of synthetic multienzyme condensates that catalyze the biosynthesis of a terpene, α‐farnesene, in the prokaryote E. coli. RGGRGG derived from LAF‐1 was used as the scaffold protein to form the condensates by LLPS. Multienzyme condensates were then formed by assembling two enzymes Idi and IspA through an RIAD/RIDD interaction. Multienzyme condensates constructed inside E. coli cells compartmentalized the cytosolic space into regions of high and low enzyme density and led to a significant enhancement of α‐farnesene production. This work demonstrates LLPS‐driven compartmentalization of the cytosolic space of prokaryotic cells, condensation of a biosynthetic pathway, and enhancement of the biosynthesis of α‐farnesene.
A DNA Barcode‐Based Aptasensor Enables Rapid Testing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses in Swine Saliva Using Electrochemical Readout
Authors: Victorious Amanda , Zhang Zijie , Chang Dingran , Maclachlan Roderick , Pandey Richa , Xia Jianrun , Gu Jimmy , Hoare Todd , Soleymani Leyla , Li Yingfu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPen‐side testing of farm animals for infectious diseases is critical for preventing transmission in herds and providing timely intervention. However, most existing pathogen tests have to be conducted in centralized labs with sample‐to‐result times of 2–4 days. Herein we introduce a test that uses a dual‐electrode electrochemical chip (DEE‐Chip) and a barcode‐releasing electroactive aptamer for rapid on‐farm detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDv). The sensor exploits inter‐electrode spacing reduction and active field mediated transport to accelerate barcode movement from electroactive aptamers to the detection electrode, thus expediting assay operation. The test yielded a clinically relevant limit‐of‐detection of 6 nM (0.37 μg mL−1) in saliva‐spiked PEDv samples. Clinical evaluation of this biosensor with 12 porcine saliva samples demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity of 83 % and specificity of 100 % with a concordance value of 92 % at an analysis time of one hour.
Improvement of thermo‐mechanical and fatigue crack growth resistance of tire sidewall compound by introducing syndiotactic polybutadiene
Authors: Sen Amit Kumar , Chanda Jagannath , Shee Biswajit , Mazumder Amrita , Dasgupta Mridul , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermoplastic elastomer (TPE) has potential to meet stringent requirements of reduced rolling resistance coefficient (RRc) of tires by lowering the hysteresis of the compound. Syndiotactic polymers could impart their reinforcing nature to the matrix, enhancing compound modulus, hysteresis and fatigue cut growth (FCG) properties with an added advantage of compound weight reduction. In this study, two grades of VCR (Vinyl Cis Rubber) with 12% (VCR412) and 17% (VCR617) of syndiotacticity have been introduced in a 50/50 Natural rubber (NR)/cis‐Butadiene rubber (BR) based sidewall compound. 50% and 100% replacement of BR by VCR have been experimented in modified formulations from where 15 phr of carbon black is also withdrawn. This modification led to reduction of 24% and 18% in loss factor (tan δ) at 70°C in VCR412 and VCR617 respectively in comparison with reference compound. Improvement in 12% dynamic stiffness is also found by employing 50 phr of VCR617. Homogeneous dispersion of VCR in rubber matrix is confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) rate of sidewall compound with VCR617 reveals lower crack propagation realized by crack path deviation. Complete replacement of BR by VCR617 lead to optimized thermo‐mechanical properties related to hysteresis, dynamic stiffness and fatigue resistance.
Prediction of SEI Formation in All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Computational Insights from PCL‐based Polymer Electrolyte Decomposition on Lithium‐Metal
Authors: Wu Liang‐Ting , Nachimuthu Santhanamoorthi , Brandell Daniel , Jiang Jyh‐Chiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIdentifying the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) components in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) is essential when developing strategies for improving this battery technology. However, a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial stability and decomposition reactions of solid polymer electrolyte with lithium metal anode remains a challenge, not least outside the dominating poly(ethylene oxide)‐based materials. Here, we report the reactivity of an electrolyte system composed of a polyester (poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone, PCL) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt on Li (100) surface, and the subsequent SEI formation, using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The step‐by‐step electrolyte decomposition on the anode surface is monitored, and the resultant major SEI components are analyzed by Bader charges to correlate with X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) signal. The presence of PCL at the Li surface promotes a rapid initial reduction of LiTFSI salt via cleavage of S−N and C−S bonds, and its complete dissociation and formation of major SEI components such as LiF, Li2O, Li2S, and C‐containing species. Furthermore, a computational analysis of relevant XPS spectra is performed to support the degradation compounds.
A Pressure Responsive Artificial Interphase Layer of BaTiO3 against Dendrite Growth for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Zhuo , Yu Rui , Gui Siwei , Yang Hui , Guo Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopment of lithium (Li) metal anodes in high‐energy‐density batteries is considerably impeded by uncontrolled dendrite growth, side reactions, and related volume changes. In this work, a pressure responsive artificial interphase layer of piezoelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) is constructed on Li anodes to prevent the formation of Li dendrites. Once protruding Li buds compress the interfacial space, the extruded piezoelectric layer generates an internal electric field to effectively change the local electric field around the bud tips, thus promoting homogeneous plating/stripping of Li. The artificial interphase layer not only offers a physical protection to the Li anode, but also helps to regulate the Li flux at the Li/electrolyte interface, which then leads to the uniform Li deposition. Consequently, the BTO‐protected Li anode exhibits stable cycling and small polarization in both Li||Li and Li||Cu cells. When paired with S, LiFePO4 and Ni‐rich high‐voltage cathodes, the Li‐metal batteries also exhibit improved cycling stability and high Coulombic efficiency.
Dibromorhodamine‐based photoredox catalysis under visible light for the colorimetric detection of Hg(II) ion
Authors: Nganga Joseph B. , Jung Young Jae , Choi Won Oh , Lee Hyosun , Lee Jeong Tae , Lee Jungkyu K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe demonstrated a colorimetric readout of Hg(II) ion through visible‐light‐induced polymerization, initiated by an Hg(II)‐responsive photoredox initiator/catalyst under aerobic conditions. Thiosemicarbazide‐functionalized 4′,5′‐dibromorhodamine was synthesized as a stimuli‐responsive photoredox catalyst. The rhodamine derivatives bearing thiosemicarbazide have been known as fluorogenic probes of Hg(II) ion with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. In this work, we incorporated a heavy halogen atom (i.e., Br) onto the xanthene core ring of the rhodamine derivative to improve the photoredox catalytic performance of rhodamine 6G, which exhibits a low catalytic performance, presumably due to the poor quantum yield of intersystem crossing. Thus, this photoredox catalyst led to the formation of a hydrogel with Hg(II) ion in a concentration of 10 μM, as the catalyst initiated free‐radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and N‐vinylpyrrolidone with triethanolamine under visible light for 1 min.
Effects of vindoline on rat cytochrome P450 isoform activities in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yuqian , Xie Weiwei , Liu Jian , Zhang Zhiqing , Jin Yiran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA specific ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS) method has been described for the simultaneous determination of the metabolites of tacrine, bupropion, diclofenac, dextromethorphan and midazolam, which are the five probe drugs of the five cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B, CYP2C11, CYP2D1 and CYP3A4. The inhibition degree was determined by calculating the IC50. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. The mass spectrometric analysis was conducted in positive electrospray ionization mode. The IC50 values of CYP1A2, CYP2B, CYP2C11, CYP2D1 and CYP3A were 113.4, 83.78, 22.50, 9.081 and 52.76 μmol L−1, respectively. The in vitro results demonstrated that vindoline could inhibit CYP2D1 activity in rats, and weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C11 and CYP3A, but had no obvious effects on CYP1A2 and CYP2B.
The impact of green finance on the level of decarbonization of the economies: An analysis of the United States', China's, and Russia's current agenda
Authors: Jia Qingxian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith growing global concern for mainstreaming of environmental protection measures, the promotion of climate change and sustainable development policies, the international community, represented by international organizations, research institutions, and world‐wide businesses, has focused on green finance. Existing research on green finance in the context of environmental trends has been reviewed in terms of the products and determinants of green finance. This study aims to assess the impact of green finance on the decarbonization of economies in the context of a review of current and potential problems and prospects. Based on the examples of the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America, the study suggests that today green finance has not yet demonstrated a tangible effect in these countries. Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that in the three countries, the main tool of green finance in the field of decarbonization is green bonds; other types of green finance are used to a limited extent. The progress of the United States and China is not so obvious, but based on the overall involvement of relevant government agencies and businesses in the green bond market, it can be assumed that the results will be observed in the near future.
Novel protein contact points among TP53 and minichromosome maintenance complex proteins 2, 3, and 5
Authors: Schaefer‐Ramadan Stephanie , Aleksic Jovana , Al‐Thani Nayra M. , Malek Joel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveIdentify protein contact points between TP53 and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex proteins 2, 3, and 5 with high resolution allowing for potential novel Cancer drug design.MethodsA next‐generation sequencing‐based protein–protein interaction method developed in our laboratory called AVA‐Seq was applied to a gold‐standard human protein interaction set. Proteins including TP53, MCM2, MCM3, MCM5, HSP90AA1, PCNA, NOD1, and others were sheared and ligated into the AVA‐Seq system. Protein–protein interactions were then identified in both mild and stringent selective conditions.ResultsKnown interactions among MCM2, MCM3, and MCM5 were identified with the AVA‐Seq system. The interacting regions detected between these three proteins overlap with the structural data of the MCM complex, and novel domains were identified with high resolution determined by multiple overlapping fragments. Fragments of wild type TP53 were shown to interact with MCM2, MCM3, and MCM5, and details on the location of the interactions were provided. Finally, a mini‐network of known and novel cancer protein interactions was provided, which could have implications for fundamental changes in multiple cancers.ConclusionWe provide a high‐resolution mini‐interactome that could direct novel drug targets and implicate possible effects of specific cancer mutations.