bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common mineral nutrients in ankylosing spondylitis: A 2‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Xiaoya , Deng Yujie , Ma Yubo , Shao Ming , Ni Man , Zhang Tao , Wang Xinqi , Xu Shanshan , Chen Yuting , Xu Shengqian , Pan Faming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe causal relationship between common mineral nutrients and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has not been studied. So this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to investigate the causal association of varying levels of calcium, zinc, copper, and selenium on AS.DesignWe selected 4 elements potentially associated with the onset and development of AS as exposure factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables, and these SNPs are independent of each other(r2 < 0.05) and highly correlated with each of the 4 elements (P < 5 × 10−8). The 2‐sample MR method takes Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) and MR‐Egger as the main method and Simple mode (SM), Weighted median (WM1), and Weighted mode (WM2) as supplementary methods to evaluate the causal effect of mineral levels on AS.ResultsThe IVW analysis does not provide convincing evidence to support a causal association between calcium (odds ratio [OR] = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.994, 1.005,P = .875), copper (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 1.000, 1.001,P = .533) and selenium (OR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.998, 1.000,P = .229) and AS. The IVW (OR = 1.001, 95% CI = 1.000, 1.002,P = .029) and WM1(OR = 1.001, 95% CI = 1.000, 1.002,P = .011) results of zinc show that per standard deviation increment in zinc is a suggestive association with risks of AS, and MR‐Egger (OR = 1.004, 95% CI = 0.996, 1.013,P = .265) and other supplementary methods indicate that zinc is not causally associated with AS. All MR‐Egger intercept parameters and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier tests demonstrated the absence of horizontal pleiotropy.ConclusionsThis study does not provide convincing evidence to support a causal correlation between calcium, zinc, copper, and selenium with AS.
Predicting severe alcohol use disorders in primary care using number of heavy drinking days
Authors: Metz Verena E. , Palzes Vanessa A. , Kline‐Simon Andrea H. , Chi Felicia W. , Weisner Constance M. , Sterling Stacy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough screening for unhealthy alcohol use is becoming more common, severe alcohol use disorders (AUDs) associated with the most severe medical and socio‐economic sequelae still often go unidentified in primary care. To improve identification of severe AUDs and aid clinical decision‐making, we aimed to identify a threshold of heavy drinking days (HDDs) associated with severe AUDs.Design, Setting and CasesThis cohort study analyzed electronic health record data of 138 765 adults who reported ≥ 1 HDD (4+ drinks/occasion for women and men aged ≥ 65 years, 5+ for men aged 18–64 years) during a 3‐month period at a routine alcohol screening in primary care in a large Northern California, USA health‐care system from 2014 to 2017. Our sample was 66.5% male, 59.7% white, 11.0% Asian/Pacific Islander, 5.0% black, 17.4% Latino/Hispanic and 7.0% other/unknown race/ethnicity; the mean age was 40.6 years (standard deviation = 15.2).MeasurementsWe compared sensitivity and specificity of different thresholds of the reported number of HDDs during a 3‐month period for predicting severe AUD diagnoses in the following year, in the full sample and by sex and age.FindingsThe prevalence of severe AUD diagnoses in the year after the screening was 0.6%. The optimal threshold predicting future severe AUD diagnoses in the full sample was ≥ 5 HDDs during a 3‐month period [sensitivity = 68.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 65.9, 72.0; specificity = 63.2%, 95% CI = 62.9, 63.4], but varied by sex and age. Women had a lower threshold than men (4 versus 6 HDDs), which decreased as women aged (from 5 HDDs among 18–24 years to 4 HDDs ≥ 25 years), but increased as men aged (from 5 HDDs among 18–24 years to 6 HDDs among 25–64 years, to 7 HDDs ≥ 65 years).ConclusionsFive or more heavy drinking days in a 3‐month period may indicate heightened risk of future severe alcohol use disorder in an adult primary care population. The optimal thresholds are lower for women than for men, and thresholds decrease as women age but increase as men age.
JOKR: Joint Keypoint Representation for Unsupervised Video Retargeting
Authors: Mokady R. , Tzaban R. , Benaim S. , Bermano A.H. , Cohen‐Or D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn unsupervised video retargeting, content is transferred from one video to another while preserving the original appearance and style, without any additional annotations. While this challenge has seen substantial advancements through the use of deep neural networks, current methods struggle when the source and target videos are of shapes that are different in limb lengths or other body proportions. In this work, we consider this task for the case of objects of different shapes and appearances, that consist of similar skeleton connectivity and depict similar motion. We introduce JOKR—a JOint Keypoint Representation that captures the geometry common to both videos, while being disentangled from their unique styles. Our model first extracts unsupervised keypoints from the given videos. From this representation, two decoders reconstruct geometry and appearance, one for each of the input sequences. By employing an affine‐invariant domain confusion term over the keypoints bottleneck, we enforce the unsupervised keypoint representations of both videos to be indistinguishable. This encourages the aforementioned disentanglement between motion and appearance, mapping similar poses from both domains to the same representation. This allows yielding a sequence with the appearance and style of one video, but the content of the other. Our applicability is demonstrated through challenging video pairs compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this geometry‐driven representation enables intuitive control, such as temporal coherence and manual pose editing. Videos can be viewed in the supplement HTML.
Fibroblast growth factor 10 protects against UVB‐induced skin injury by activating the ERK/YAP signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Nan , Dong Yetong , Xu Xiejun , Shen Yingjie , Huang Zhiyuan , Yu Yin , Liu Zhili , Gong Wenjie , Zhang Siyi , Zheng Yeyi , Song Yonghuan , Zhu Zhongxin , Jin Litai , Cong Weitao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesUltraviolet light B (UVB) irradiation can induce skin injury and result in keratinocytes proliferation inhibition. However, the molecular understanding of the repair during UVB‐induced cell proliferation inhibition remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and potential mechanism of FGF10 in promoting keratinocytes cell cycle and proliferation after UVB injury.Materials and MethodsExpression of FGF10 protein was analysed in skin treated with UVB radiation by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation potential was examined by Immunofluorescence, Western Blot and RT‐PCR under UVB radiation, treated with FGF10 protein or overexpression of FGF10 using adeno‐associated virus. CCK8 kit was used to further detect cell proliferation ability.ResultsWe found that FGF10 is highly expressed in skin treated with UVB. Overexpression of FGF10 has a protective effect against UVB‐induced skin damage by balancing epidermal thickness and enhancing epidermal keratinocytes proliferation. Importantly, FGF10 is found to alleviate UVB‐induced downregulation of YAP activity, then promoting keratinocytes proliferation. Disruption of YAP function, either with the small molecule YAP inhibitor Verteporfin (VP) or YAP small‐interfering RNA (siRNA), largely abolishes the protective activity of FGF10 on epidermal keratinocytes proliferation. Meanwhile, disruption of ERK kinase (MEK) activity with U0126 or ERK siRNA hinder the positive influence of FGF10 on UVB‐induced skin injury.ConclusionFGF10 promotes epidermal keratinocytes proliferation during UVB‐induced skin injury in an ERK/YAP‐dependent manner.
Subways and the Diffusion of Knowledge: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Qiao , Liu Xiuyan , Zhang Fan , Hu Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the role of the subway network, a typical form of transportation within urban areas, on innovation and knowledge diffusion. Applying the difference‐in‐differences strategy and spatial analysis, we used 1,332 newly opened stations in China from 2000 to 2013 as a quasi‐experiment to identify the local effects of subway expansions. Results suggested that by reducing communication costs and increasing opportunities for interaction, subway construction would bring growth at the district level. Knowledge dissemination would become more active after new stations open. Micro‐level results showed that these positive impacts were highly localized; that is, only those firms located within 1km around stations benefited from the new subway. Moreover, new subways facilitated the flow of knowledge from station to station and assisted firms in acquiring knowledge from more distant technology clusters conveniently.
Government Land Regulations and Housing Supply Elasticity in Urban China
Authors: Huang Wenbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of government land regulations (GLR) on housing supply elasticity in urban China. We first extend the theoretical framework of Saiz (2010), then use land transaction microdata, satellite‐generated data, and the construction of instrumental variables to analyze the marginal effect of GLR, and finally calculate the housing supply elasticity caused by GLR. Our analysis finds that GLR is an important reason for the overall inelasticity of housing supply in 272 Chinese cities, which reduces housing supply elasticity from 1.457 (elastic) to 0.872 (inelastic). Housing supply elasticity caused by GLR has declined the most in first‐tier cities and the eastern regions. The marginal effect of land use regulation is greater than that of land allocation and supply regulations. The initial development level and natural geographic constraint of each city also matter in China's housing supply market.
High‐Speed Rail Service and the Issuance of Municipal Corporate Bonds
Authors: Zheng Liansheng , Li Juncheng , Zhao Zhihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study uses the difference‐in‐differences method to test the impact of a high‐speed rail (HSR) service on the issuance of municipal corporate bonds (MCB) based on panel data for prefecture‐level cities in China from 2003 to 2016. The study has three findings. First, HSR increased the scale of the issuance of MCB significantly. After conducting a series of robustness tests, the above conclusion remained robust. Second, HSR affected the issuance of MCB by increasing the city's financing demands and improving the c ity's financing capacity. Third, the effect of HSR on the issuance of MCB varied from city to city. Specifically, the promotion of the opening of HSR to the issuance of MCB was concentrated in remote and fast growing cities. High‐speed rail can also effectively reduce the cost and shrink credit spreads of the MCB. This paper shows that it is necessary to further optimize the layout of HSR, release and exploit the financial resource reallocation effect of HSR, and provide financial support to the high‐quality development of cities.
Mismatch of N release from the permafrost and vegetative uptake opens pathways of increasing nitrous oxide emissions in the high Arctic
Authors: Lacroix Fabrice , Zaehle Sönke , Caldararu Silvia , Schaller Jörg , Stimmler Peter , Holl David , Kutzbach Lars , Göckede Mathias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiogeochemical cycling in permafrost‐affected ecosystems remains associated with large uncertainties, which could impact the Earth's greenhouse gas budget and future climate policies. In particular, increased nutrient availability following permafrost thaw could perturb the greenhouse gas exchange in these systems, an effect largely unexplored until now. Here, we enhance the terrestrial ecosystem model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which simulates fully coupled carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles in vegetation and soil, with processes relevant in high latitudes (e.g., soil freezing and snow dynamics). In combination with site‐level and satellite‐based observations, we use the model to investigate impacts of increased nutrient availability from permafrost thawing in comparison to other climate‐induced effects and CO2 fertilization over 1960 to 2018 across the high Arctic. Our simulations show that enhanced availability of nutrients following permafrost thaw account for less than 15% of the total Gross primary productivity increase over the time period, despite simulated N limitation over the high Arctic scale. As an explanation for this weak fertilization effect, observational and model data indicate a mismatch between the timing of peak vegetative growth (week 26–27 of the year, corresponding to the beginning of July) and peak thaw depth (week 32–35, mid‐to‐late August), resulting in incomplete plant use of nutrients near the permafrost table. The resulting increasing N availability approaching the permafrost table enhances N loss pathways, which leads to rising nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in our model. Site‐level emission trends of 2 mg N m−2 year−1 on average over the historical time period could therefore predict an emerging increasing source of N2O emissions following future permafrost thaw in the high Arctic.
Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial effect ofAllium sativum, calcium hydroxide and their combination as intracanal medicaments in infected mature anterior teeth: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mahfouz Omer Shaimaa Mohamed , Mohamed Dalia Abd‐Allah , Ali Abdel Latif Reham Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effects ofAllium sativum(garlic extract), calcium hydroxide (Ca [OH]2) and their combination as intracanal medicaments in infected mature anterior teeth using real‐time PCR.MethodologyThis prospective double‐blind, controlled, parallel, superiority, randomized clinical trial was carried out on 66 permanent, necrotic incisors associated with asymptomatic apical periodontitis in 66 male patients. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (n = 22) according to the intracanal medications used. After access preparation, four microbiological samples (S) were taken using sterile absorbent paper points as follows: S1: before canal instrumentation and S2: after cleaning and shaping. The third sample (S3) and fourth sample (S4) were taken after the placement of the tested intracanal medications into their corresponding canals for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Total DNA was extracted from microbiological samples and relative quantitative real‐time PCRs were done to quantify the relative gene expression fold change (FC) forEnterococcus faecalisandStreptococcusspecies. At significance levelp ≤ .05, the data were statistically analysed in SPSS software using Kruskal–Wallis and Freidman's tests, followed by Dunn–Bonferronipost hoctest for pairwise comparisons.ResultsBoth bacterial mean FC decreased significantly after mechanical instrumentation (S1 to S2) in all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found after intracanal medicament placement (from S2 to S3 and from S3 to S4) except in the garlic group. Garlic significantly reducedEnterococcus faecalisFC in S3 and S4 when compared to Ca (OH)2and Ca (OH)2+ garlic combination. However, garlic and Ca (OH)2reducedStreptococcusbacteria in S3 similarly. Whilst in S4, garlic showed significantly more reduction than Ca (OH)2. The combination of Ca (OH)2with garlic extract showed the least significant bacterial reduction.ConclusionWithin the study limitations, garlic intracanal medicament has a comparable anti‐Streptococcusefficiency to Ca (OH)2, whilst it is more effective againstEnterococcus faecalisspecies. When Ca (OH)2and garlic are combined, their antibacterial effectiveness is reduced. Increasing the time of application for tested intracanal medicaments by more than one week has no additional antibacterial effectiveness.
The dark side of business model innovation
Authors: Sabaruddin La Ode , MacBryde Jillian , D'Ippolito Beatrice 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExisting literature has tended to focus on the positive benefits and outcomes of business model innovation (BMI), despite emerging evidence that BMI can also have a dark side, with negative consequences. We systematically review the existing BMI literature, articulating it around three clusters of negative consequences: those affecting the firm as an entity; those affecting the firm's stakeholders; and those that are specific or context‐dependent. In a similar fashion, we identify the driving factors and circumstances leading to these negative consequences and group them into four clusters: (1) managerial choices and processes, and three underpinning circumstances that influence such choices or processes; (2) trade‐offs between the new and current business models; (3) managers’ ability to manage BMI; and (4) context within which BMI is situated. The paper provides the first attempt to gather prior research on the phenomenon and thereby develop a conceptual understanding of the dark side of BMI. Furthermore, by proposing a model that explains how the dark side of BMI may occur, we inform ongoing debates on the theorization of the consequences that may derive from BMI and how these can be managed to support firms’ innovative growth, arguing how the disruptive innovation literature can only partially explain the phenomenon. Second, our model provides important foundations to further distil the complex link between BMI and performance. Finally, we suggest a number of future research avenues, accounting for different dimensions of the phenomenon.
Revisiting the number of self‐incompatibility alleles in finite populations: From old models to new results
Authors: Czuppon Peter , Billiard Sylvain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnder gametophytic self‐incompatibility (GSI), plants are heterozygous at the self‐incompatibility locus (S‐locus) and can only be fertilized by pollen with a different allele at that locus. The last century has seen a heated debate about the correct way of modelling the allele diversity in a GSI population that was never formally resolved. Starting from an individual‐based model, we derive the deterministic dynamics as proposed by Fisher (The genetical theory of natural selection ‐ A complete, Variorum edition, Oxford University Press, 1958) and compute the stationary S‐allele frequency distribution. We find that the stationary distribution proposed by Wright (Evolution, 18, 609, 1964) is close to our theoretical prediction, in line with earlier numerical confirmation. Additionally, we approximate the invasion probability of a new S‐allele, which scales inversely with the number of resident S‐alleles. Lastly, we use the stationary allele frequency distribution to estimate the population size of a plant population from an empirically obtained allele frequency spectrum, which complements the existing estimator of the number of S‐alleles. Our expression of the stationary distribution resolves the long‐standing debate about the correct approximation of the number of S‐alleles and paves the way for new statistical developments for the estimation of the plant population size based on S‐allele frequencies.
Exploratory stock identification through morphometric trait analysis of the estuarine round herring,Gilchristella aestuaria(Pisces: Clupeidae)
Authors: Zvavahera Munetsi , Hugo Sanet , Vine Niall G. , Weyl Olaf L.F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a first step in stock identification of estuarine round herringGilchristella aestuaria, a morphometric analysis of multiple standardised traits and body condition was conducted on samples from sites across the distribution range of the species, including freshwater and estuarine populations. Multivariate analyses, including a principal component analysis (PCA), revealed that sites on the same river system and sites in close geographic proximity tend to share morphometric traits. Most of the variation in PCA was due to caudal fin length (CFL). Single traits were analysed with generalised additive models with river system location as the smooth term. CFL was strongly related to river systems, and to a lesser extent salinity and turbidity. Unlike previous local‐scale studies, this broad‐scale study did not support the notion of ecotypes based on eye diameter. Condition indices like body depth and relative weight were related to climatic conditions, salinity and turbidity, more than to river system. The findings agree with previous studies on phylogenetic history and limited gene flow inG. aestuaria, and suggest variation in environmental productivity that affects body condition in different populations. Subsequent research should examine temporal changes in traits like CFL and body condition based on long‐term seasonal sampling. Safeguarding this potential resource may be enabled by adopting appropriate management methods based on delineation of stocks with different levels of productivity and connectivity, before widespread fishing of this species is promoted.
Towards super‐resolved terahertz microscopy for cellular imaging
Authors: D'Antuono Rocco , Bowen John W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiomedical imaging includes the use of a variety of techniques to study organs and tissues. Some of the possible imaging modalities are more spread at clinical level (CT, MRI, PET), while others, such as light and electron microscopy are preferred in life sciences research. The choice of the imaging modalities can be based on the capability to study functional aspects of an organism, the delivered radiation dose to the patient, and the achievable resolution.In the last few decades, spectroscopists and imaging scientists have been interested in the use of terahertz (THz) frequencies (30 μm to 3 mm wavelength) due to the low photon energy associated (E∼1 meV, not causing breaking of the molecular bonds but still interacting with some vibrational modes) and the high penetration depth that is achievable. THz has been already adopted in security, quality control and material sciences. However, the adoption of THz frequencies for biological and clinical imaging means to face, as a major limitation, the very scarce resolution associated with the use of such long wavelengths. To address this aspect and reconcile the benefit of minimal harmfulness for bioimaging with the achievable resolving power, many attempts have been made. This review summarises the state‐of‐the‐art of THz imaging applications aimed at achieving super‐resolution, describing how practical aspects of optics and quasi‐optics may be treated to efficaciously implement the use of THz as a new low‐dose and versatile modality in biomedical imaging and clinical research.