bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tidal star–planet interaction and its observed impact on stellar activity in planet-hosting wide binary systems
Authors: Ilic N , Poppenhaeger K , Hosseini S Marzieh 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Tidal interaction between an exoplanet and its host star is a possible pathway to transfer angular momentum between the planetary orbit and the stellar spin. In cases where the planetary orbital period is shorter than the stellar rotation period, this may lead to angular momentum being transferred into the star’s rotation, possibly counteracting the intrinsic stellar spin-down induced by magnetic braking. Observationally, detecting altered rotational states of single, cool field stars is challenging, as precise ages for such stars are rarely available. Here we present an empirical investigation of the rotation and magnetic activity of a sample of planet-hosting stars that are accompanied by wide stellar companions. Without needing knowledge about the absolute ages of the stars, we test for relative differences in activity and rotation of the planet hosts and their co-eval companions, using X-ray observations to measure the stellar activity levels. Employing three different tidal interaction models, we find that host stars with planets that are expected to tidally interact display elevated activity levels compared to their companion stars. We also find that those activity levels agree with the observed rotational periods for the host stars along the usual rotation–activity relationships, implying that the effect is indeed caused by a tidal interaction and not a purely magnetic interaction that would be expected to affect the stellar activity, but not necessarily the rotation. We conclude that massive, close-in planets have an impact on the stellar rotational evolution, while the smaller, more distant planets do not have a significant influence.
Species Persistence with Hybridization in Toad-Headed Lizards Driven by Divergent Selection and Low Recombination
Authors: Gao Wei , Yu Chuan-Xin , Zhou Wei-Wei , Zhang Bao-Lin , Chambers E. Anne , Dahn Hollis A. , Jin Jie-Qiong , Murphy Robert W. , Zhang Ya-Ping , Che Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpeciation plays a central role in evolutionary studies, and particularly how reproductive isolation (RI) evolves. The origins and persistence of RI are distinct processes that require separate evaluations. Treating them separately clarifies the drivers of speciation and then it is possible to link the processes to understand large-scale patterns of diversity. Recent genomic studies have focused predominantly on how species or RI originate. However, we know little about how species persist in face of gene flow. Here, we evaluate a contact zone of two closely related toad-headed lizards (Phrynocephalus) using a chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomics. To some extent, recent asymmetric introgression from Phrynocephalus putjatai to P. vlangalii reduces their genomic differences. However, their highly divergent regions (HDRs) have heterogeneous distributions across the genomes. Functional gene annotation indicates that many genes within HDRs are involved in reproduction and RI. Compared with allopatric populations, contact areas exhibit recent divergent selection on the HDRs and a lower population recombination rate. Taken together, this implies that divergent selection and low genetic recombination help maintain RI. This study provides insights into the genomic mechanisms that drive RI and two species persistence in the face of gene flow during the late stage of speciation.
Importance, limits and caveats of the use of “disorders of consciousness” to theorize consciousness
Authors: Hermann Bertrand , Sangaré Aude , Munoz-Musat Esteban , Salah Amina Ben , Perez Pauline , Valente Mélanie , Faugeras Frédéric , Axelrod Vadim , Demeret Sophie , Marois Clémence , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Habert Marie-Odile , Kas Aurélie , Sitt Jacobo D , Rohaut Benjamin , Naccache Lionel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The clinical and fundamental exploration of patients suffering from disorders of consciousness (DoC) is commonly used by researchers both to test some of their key theoretical predictions and to serve as a unique source of empirical knowledge about possible dissociations between consciousness and cognitive and/or neural processes. For instance, the existence of states of vigilance free of any self-reportable subjective experience [e.g. “vegetative state (VS)” and “complex partial epileptic seizure”] originated from DoC and acted as a cornerstone for all theories by dissociating two concepts that were commonly equated and confused: vigilance and conscious state. In the present article, we first expose briefly the major achievements in the exploration and understanding of DoC. We then propose a synthetic taxonomy of DoC, and we finally highlight some current limits, caveats and questions that have to be addressed when using DoC to theorize consciousness. In particular, we show (i) that a purely behavioral approach of DoC is insufficient to characterize the conscious state of patients; (ii) that the comparison between patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) and patients in a VS [also coined as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS)] does not correspond to a pure and minimal contrast between unconscious and conscious states and (iii) we emphasize, in the light of original resting-state positron emission tomography data, that behavioral MCS captures an important but misnamed clinical condition that rather corresponds to a cortically mediated state and that MCS does not necessarily imply the preservation of a conscious state.
Trends and outcomes of early and late palliative care consultation for adult patients with glioblastoma: A SEER-Medicare retrospective study
Authors: Wu Adela , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Wang Dengzhi , Hsin Gary , Boakye Maxwell , Skirboll Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) carries a poor prognosis despite standard of care. Early palliative care (PC) has been shown to enhance survival and quality of life while reducing healthcare costs for other cancers. This study investigates differences in PC timing on outcomes for patients with GBM.MethodsThis study used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data from 1997 to 2016. Based on ICD codes, three groups were defined: (1) early PC within 10 weeks of diagnosis, (2) late PC, and (3) no PC. Outcomes were compared between the three groups.ResultsOut of 10 812 patients with GBM, 1648 (15.24%) patients had PC consultation with an overall positive trend over time. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics. The late PC group had significantly higher number of hospice claims (1.06 ± 0.69) compared to those without PC, in the last month of life. There were significant differences in survival among the three groups (P &lt; .0001), with late PC patients with the longest mean time to death from diagnosis (11.72 ± 13.20 months).ConclusionWe present the first investigation of PC consultation prevalence and outcomes, stratified by early versus late timing, for adult GBM patients. Despite an overall increase in PC consultations, only a minority of GBM patients receive PC. Patients with late PC had the longest survival times and had greater hospice use in the last month of life compared to other subgroups. Prospective studies can provide additional valuable information about this unique population of patients with GBM.
Effect of cutting height, microbial inoculation, and storage length on fermentation profile and nutrient composition of whole-plant corn silage
Authors: Diepersloot E Cole , Heinzen Celso , Saylor Benjamin A , Ferraretto Luiz F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cutting height, heterofermentative microbial inoculants, and storage length on the fermentation profile and nutrient composition of whole-plant corn silage. The experiment was a completely randomized design with a 2 (cutting height) × 3 (microbial inoculation) × 5 (storage length) factorial arrangement of treatments. Corn forage was harvested at two cutting heights: either 25 cm (REG) or 65 cm (HI). Then, forage was inoculated with one of three microbial inoculants: (1) 300,000 CFU/g of fresh forage of Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 16243, Lentilactobacillus buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074 (LBLD; Bonsilage Speed inoculant, Provita Supplements Inc., Mendota Heights, MN), (2) 500,000 CFU/g of fresh forage of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM 12837 and L. buchneri DSM 16774 (LPLB; Bonsilage Corn + WS inoculant, Provita Supplements Inc., Mendota Heights, MN), or (3) distilled water (CON). Last, forage was randomly assigned to ferment for 5, 7, 14, 28, or 56 d of storage in vacuum-sealed bags. Silage pH was affected by a three-way interaction (P = 0.01), where CON treatments decreased continually over time while LPLB and LBLD began to increase at later storage lengths. Acetic acid concentration was greater (P = 0.001) in LPLB and LBLD than CON silage after 56 d of storage. Silage treated with LBLD did not have detectable levels of propionic acid (P &gt; 0.05), although 1-propanol concentration was greater (P = 0.001) in LBLD treatments after 56 d of storage. The concentrations of total acids and acetic acid were greater (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively) for REG silage compared to HI. Additionally, HI silage had greater (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) concentrations of dry matter (DM) and starch, while neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and lignin concentrations were lower (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) in HI silage compared to REG silage. Last, HI silage had a greater (P = 0.001) NDF digestibility than REG silage. The results of this study demonstrate that increasing cutting height can improve nutrient composition of whole-plant corn silage. Additionally, results demonstrate that heterofermentative microbial inoculants can be used to shift silage fermentation to the production of lactic and acetic acids.
Agreement of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) With NICU Nurses' Assessments
Authors: Benbrook Keri , Manworren Renee C. B. , Zuravel Rebecca , Entler Ashley , Riendeau Kimberly , Myler Catherine , Ricca Paige 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Objective assessment tools should standardize and reflect nurses' expert assessments. The Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) are valid measures of pain. The N-PASS also provides a sedation subscale.

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to determine N-PASS clinical validity and utility by evaluating agreement of N-PASS scores with bedside nurses' assessments of pain/agitation and sedation in a 64-bed tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods:
Fifteen bedside nurses trained to use the N-PASS and the NIPS prospectively completed 202 pain/agitation and sedation assessments from a convenience sample of 88 infants, including chronically ventilated, medically fragile infants. N-PASS and NIPS scores were obtained simultaneously but independently of nurse investigators. Bedside nurses also made recommendations about infants' pain and sedation management.

Results:
There was moderate agreement between N-PASS pain scores and nurses' recommendations (κ= 0.52), very strong agreement between N-PASS sedation scores and nurses' recommendations (κ= 0.99), and very strong associations between N-PASS pain and NIPS scores (P < .001). Bedside nurse and independent investigator interrater reliability was good for N-PASS pain and NIPS scores (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.83, ICC = 0.85) and excellent for N-PASS sedation (ICC = 0.94). During 93% of assessments, bedside nurses reported that the N-PASS reflected the level of infant sedation well or very well.

Implications for Practice and Research:
The N-PASS provides an easy-to-use, valid, and reliable objective measure of pain and sedation that reflects nurses' assessments. Additional studies using the N-PASS are needed to verify results and the influence of the N-PASS on pain and sedation management for medically fragile infants with chronic medical conditions.
Association of Epiretinal Membrane With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and Long-term Factors Affecting Visual Function
Authors: Lee Jin Yeong , Sung Kyung Rim , Kim Yoon Jeon 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
Epiretinal membrane (ERM) tended to deteriorate more in pseudoexfoliation eyes with than without glaucoma. Incremental change in central macular thickness (CMT) induced by ERM deterioration affected longitudinal visual function in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) eyes.

Purpose:
The aim was to investigate longitudinal changes in the ERM and their association with glaucoma in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and to identify factors associated with the changes in ERM and visual field (VF).

Participants:
One hundred two eyes with PXG and 32 eyes with nonglaucomatous pseudoexfoliation (ngPX) (mean 8.1±2.6 years of follow-up).

Methods:
Two observers independently assessed the presence and staging of ERM (stages 1, 2, and ≥3) on serial macular images of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Clinical characteristics were compared in eyes with ERM (+) and (−) in both groups. The relationship between putative factors and changes in ERM was determined using logistic regression analysis. Prognostic factors of VF worsening were assessed by Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results:
Of the 102 eyes with PXG, 22 (21.6%) had an ERM at baseline; of the latter, 6 eyes deteriorated (all from stage 1 to 2) and 3 eyes with PXG developed new ERM during follow-up. Of the 32 ngPX eyes, 8 (25%) had an ERM at baseline, with none changing over time. The presence of glaucoma was marginally associated with ERM deterioration (odds ratio: 1.061, P=0.064). Incremental change in CMT was the only factor associated with VF progression (hazard ratio: 1.040, P=0.029) in PXG eyes.

Conclusions:
ERM tended to deteriorate more in PXS eyes with than without glaucoma. Incremental change in CMT induced by ERM deterioration affected longitudinal visual function in PXG eyes.
Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy for Glaucoma: 1-Year Outcomes and Success Predictors
Authors: Faria Bruno M. , Costa Vital P. , Melillo Gustavo H.L. , Daga Fabio B. , Scoralick Ana L.B. , Paranhos Augusto , Kanadani Fábio N. , Prata Tiago S. 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
Our results suggest gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) as an effective and safe option for the surgical management of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Older age was the only risk factor for failure in our analysis.

Purpose:
To report 12-month clinical outcomes, safety profile and success predictors of GATT in patients with OAG.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study of patients (18 y old and above) with medically uncontrolled OAG who underwent GATT as a solo procedure or combined with phacoemulsification (PHACO-GATT) between January 2018 and January 2020. Success at 12 months (primary outcome) was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <15 mm Hg, with an IOP reduction of at least 20%, OR a reduction of at least 2 glaucoma medications, compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes were success predictors and safety parameters.

Results:
A total of 73 eyes (GATT=38; PHACO-GATT=35) from 58 patients with a mean age of 54.8±11.6 years were included. Overall, after 12 months of follow-up, the mean IOP was reduced from 24.9±8.5 to 12.1±2.1 mm Hg (P<0.001). The mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced from 3.5±0.7 to 1.2±1.2 (P<0.001). The success rate was 87% at 12 months, with no significant differences between GATT (85%) and PHACO-GATT (91%) eyes (P=0.330). Age was the only factor significantly associated with surgical success (hazard ratio=1.35; P=0.012; after adjusting for preoperative IOP and number of glaucoma medications). Patients older than 60 years had a significant greater chance of failure (hazard ratio=10.96; P=0.026) compared with those younger than 60 years. The most common postoperative complication was transient hyphema (39%; median duration, 5 d). No sight-threatening adverse event was documented.

Conclusions:
GATT was effective and safe at lowering IOP with or without cataract extraction in OAG. Patients 60 years or older had a higher risk of failure compared with those younger in age.
Discrimination Between Healthy Eyes and Those With Mild Glaucoma Damage Using Hemoglobin Measurements of the Optic Nerve Head
Authors: Meneses Livia Studart de , Ciarlini Lorena Ribeiro , Ayub Gabriel , Vasconcellos José Paulo C. , Costa Vital Paulino 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
The Laguna ONhE, a software that measures the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the optic nerve head (ONH) from fundus photographs, demonstrated good accuracy in discriminating healthy eyes from eyes with mild glaucoma.

Purpose:
The aim was to evaluate Hb concentration of the optic nerve to distinguish between healthy eyes and eyes with mild glaucoma.

Methods:
Eyes from patients with mild primary open angle glaucoma (MD > −6 dB) (n=58) and from healthy subjects (n=64) were selected. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements of all eyes were acquired with optical coherence tomography. Optic disc photographs were also obtained, and the images were analyzed using the Laguna ONhE software, which measures the amount of Hb in 24 sectors of the ONH. The software also calculates the Glaucoma Discriminant Function (GDF), an index that expresses the chance of the ONH being compatible with glaucoma. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivities at fixed specificities of 90% and 95% of each Laguna ONhE parameter were calculated.

Results:
The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and vertical cup/disc ratio of the control and glaucoma groups were 90.0±10.6 μm versus 66.28±9.85 μm (P<0.001) and 0.5±0.09 versus 0.65±0.09 (P<0.001), respectively. Total Hb (67.9±4.45 vs. 62.89±4.89, P<0.001) and GDF (11.57±15.34 vs. −27.67±20.94, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the control group. The Hb concentration was also significantly higher in 21 of the 24 sectors in the control group compared with the glaucoma group (P<0.05). The GDF had the largest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.93), with 79.3% sensitivity at a fixed specificity of 95%.

Conclusion:
Measurements of optic nerve Hb concentration using a colorimetry photographic device demonstrated good accuracy in discriminating healthy eyes from eyes with mild glaucoma. Further studies are need to understand vascular factors implicated in the development of glaucoma.
Intraocular Pressure and Medication Burden With Cataract Surgery Alone, or Cataract Surgery Combined With Trabecular Bypass or Goniotomy
Authors: McNiel Christopher L. , Sanchez Facundo G. , Rees Jack P. , Gardiner Stuart K. , Young Jonathan W. , Kinast Robert M. , Young Amber , Jones Emily P. , Mansberger Steven L. 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
When compared with cataract surgery in glaucoma patients, trabecular micro-bypass and goniotomy resulted in a large decrease in the incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes, a modest effect on IOP, and a minimal effect on medication burden.

Purpose:
To compare changes in IOP and ocular hypotensive medications in 3 surgical cohorts: cataract surgery, cataract surgery with trabecular micro-bypass (cataract/trabecular), and cataract surgery with goniotomy (cataract/goniotomy).

Materials and Methods:
We included 138 eyes diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma: (1) 84 eyes with cataract surgery alone, (2) 25 eyes with cataract/trabecular surgery, and (3) 29 eyes with cataract/goniotomy surgery. We compared the groups for postoperative IOP and the number of ocular hypotensive medications. We adjusted for preoperative IOP, and preoperative and postoperative number of ocular hypotensive medications. We defined an IOP spike as IOP ≥21 mm Hg and 10 mm Hg higher than preoperative on postoperative day 1.

Results:
All 3 surgeries showed a decrease in IOP (P≤0.004) and medication burden (P≤0.001) at 3 and 6 months postoperatively when compared with their own preoperative baselines. When compared with cataract surgery alone, cataract/trabecular and cataract/goniotomy had similar IOP lowering at 1 month postoperatively, and variable results at 3 and 6 months. The change in ocular hypotensive medications was not statistically different between the surgical groups at any postoperative visit. Cataract/trabecular and cataract/goniotomy decreased IOP on postoperative day 1, and had relative risk reduction of ~70% for IOP spikes (P≤0.001 for both).

Conclusion:
Trabecular micro-bypass and goniotomy when added to cataract surgery resulted in a large decrease in IOP spikes, a modest effect on IOP, and a minimal effect on medication burden when compared with cataract surgery alone in glaucoma patients.
Factors leading to realignment or exchange after implantable collamer lens implantation in 10 258 eyes
Authors: Wei Ruoyan , Li Meiyan , Aruma Aruma , Knorz Michael C. , Yang Dong , Yu Yongfu , Wang Xiaoying , Choi Joanne , Yao Peijun , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the incidence, causes, and outcomes of implantable collamer lens (ICL) realignment or exchange after implantation of the EVO-ICL.

Setting:
Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, China.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Methods:
The study included 10 258 consecutive eyes after ICL implantation. Preoperative refractive and biometric measurements were compared between eyes with and without realignment or exchange. For eyes with ICL realignment or exchange, visual and biometric outcomes were also compared before and after ICL realignment or exchange.

Results:
The overall incidence of ICL realignment or exchange was 0.21% 22 eyes. 12 eyes (0.12%) underwent ICL realignment by axis rotation (10 eyes) or ICL exchange (2 eyes) due to toric ICL (TICL) misalignment. After realignment, uncorrected distance visual acuity improved, and residual cylinder decreased from −1.75 ± 0.48 diopters (D) to −0.87 ± 0.59 D (P = .01). 10 eyes (0.10%) underwent vertical rotation of ICL (3 eyes) or ICL exchange (7 eyes) due to excessive vault. After either vertical rotation or ICL exchange, vault decreased significantly (P < .05).

Conclusions:
The incidence of ICL realignment or exchange after ICL implantation is low. TICL misalignment and excessive vault are 2 main causes. Implant exchange may be performed for excessive vault or misalignment with an insufficient vault. In addition, vertical rotation of an ICL may be a less invasive method to treat excessive vault in certain cases.