bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel photodynamic therapy using two-dimensional NiPS3 nanosheets that target hypoxic microenvironments for precise cancer treatment
Authors: Wu Zongze , Liu Quan , Wageh Swelm , Sun Zhe , Al-Hartomy Omar A. , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Yan Lesen , Chen Jiaojuan , Zhang Wenjian , Yang Jilin , Zhang Han , Liu Liping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly promising modality against cancer, but its efficacy is severely limited by the low oxygen content in solid tumors. In this study, a smart photosensitive NiPS3 nanosheet was developed to solve the problem of low oxygen to allow PDT to be performed against tumors. The photosensitized ROS generation mechanism of NiPS3 is the photon-generated electron-hole pathway, which can generate O2
·− and ·OH at the conduction band and valance band, respectively. More crucial is that ·OH generation doesn’t need O2, and the O2
·− can also work in a low O2 environment, and depleting oxygen in tumor cells. Modified with triphenylphosphine (TPP) and based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental data, the NiPS3@TPP nano-system underwent targeted action toward mitochondria. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NiPS3@TPP altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, which not only prolonged the PDT effect but also resulted in mitochondria apoptosis pathways inducing an apoptosis cascade. In vivo experiments demonstrated the targeting capability with low toxicity of the NiPS3@TPP nano-system. Tumor targeting at the tested dose indicated that it represented a promising biocompatible photosensitizer for in vivo biomedical applications.
Storage conditions and postharvest practices lead to aflatoxin contamination in maize in two counties (Makueni and Baringo) in Kenya
Authors: Mugure Kamano Hannah , Okoth Michael Wandayi , Makau Wambui-Kogi , Kuloba Patrick , Gitahi Nduhiu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aflatoxins are known to cause devastating acute and chronic effects in humans and animals. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of postharvest practices and storage conditions on aflatoxin contamination in maize in two counties. Aflatoxin levels in 144 maize samples from different maize storage conditions were determined. While sampling, a structured questionnaire was also administered to evaluate farmer’s postharvest practices. Makueni County had the highest percentage of aflatoxin positive samples with up to 174 ppb attributed to the long storage under unfavourable conditions. On the other hand, Baringo County had lower positivity associated with the harvesting season at the time of sample collection. The type of storage condition had a significant effect on the extent of contamination and accounted for 11% of the variation (R
2 = 0.11). Gunny bags were the most common type of storage condition and had the highest level of contamination in both the counties. Metallic bins had the lowest level of contamination. Aflatoxin G1 and G2 were predominant in samples from Baringo County, while aflatoxin B1 and B2 were predominant in samples from Makueni County. The study concluded that the type of storage condition significantly contributes to the aflatoxin contamination in the stored maize. Proper drying of maize to the recommended moisture content and subsequent storage in hermetic structures will reduce the cases of aflatoxin contamination.
Nation-wide decrease in the prevalence of pediatric chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aluko Boluwatife , Mitchell Adrianne N. , Tumin Dmitry , Zeldin Evan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic was expected to increase prevalence and severity of chronic pain. We compared pandemic-era and pre-pandemic prevalence of chronic pain among children in the US.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2019 and 2020 National Survey of Children’s Health, a web-or mail-based survey representative of children living in the US (n=20,359 in 2019; 29,159 in 2020). Caregiver-reported prevalence of chronic pain was compared between survey years using bivariate and multivariable methods.

Results
The prevalence of chronic pain among US children decreased from 11 to 8% in the first year of the pandemic. Multivariable analysis adjusting for children’s and caregivers’ demographics and socioeconomic characteristics confirmed that in 2020, odds of caregiver-reported chronic pain declined by 33% (95% confidence interval: 23%, 42%; p<0.001).

Conclusions
The encouraging finding of a nationwide decrease in the prevalence of chronic pain calls into question initial predictions anticipating the pandemic to contribute to onset or persistence of chronic pain among children.
A new test for non-linear hypotheses under distributional and local parametric misspecification
Authors: Bera Anil K. , Doğan Osman , Taşpınar Süleyman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a new version of Rao’s score (RS) statistic for testing a non-linear hypothesis under both distributional and local parametric misspecification. Our suggested test statistic is constructed through a size correction approach so that it becomes robust to both types of misspecification. We establish the asymptotic properties of the robust test statistic and provide several examples to illustrate its implementation. We also investigate the finite sample properties of our test along with some other well-known tests through simulations. Our simulation results demonstrate that the new test statistic has good finite sample properties in terms of empirical size and power.
From embedded propositions to complex predicates
Authors: Taine-Cheikh Catherine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines verbal sequences in Arabic dialects which can correspond either to complex sentences with embedded clauses or to complex predicates with reduction of one or the other verb. The first part is devoted to complex sentences where completives and subordinates of purpose and consequence are introduced by a marker that is generally specific, but sometimes polyfunctional. The second part explores embedding without a subordinator (with distinct or identical subjects), as well as with cases of complex predicates, sometimes with reduction of V1(cases of auxiliarization and pragmatization), sometimes of V2(rare cases of serial verbs).
Development Of Maharah Qira'ah Evaluation Tool Using Moodle For Eighth Graders at MTs
Authors: Fadhilah Khairani , Rahmawati Rahmawati 
Published: November 2022

Evaluation is the main component in the teaching and learning process, these components ‎are objectives, materials, methods, evaluation. The good evaluation standards are; inclusivity of evaluation; continuity of evaluation; objectivity; differentiation, and variety. Evaluation in the teaching and learning process is very ‎important because it uses various and different tools in evaluating reading skills learning to ‎find out how far their progress in learning to read. Evaluation as a data collection tool has ‎many tools, and these tools are tests and non-tests. The test as an assessment tool has ‎various types. One type is a written test and one of the tools in Moodle. the problem statement is ‎evaluation of reading skills in MTs has not used an evaluation tool with Moodle, students ‎are less enthusiastic in evaluating reading skills, and teacher lacks mastery technology. The ‎problem statement in this study is how to develop a reading skill evaluation tool using ‎Moodle for eighth grade in MTs?. The research method used is research and development ‎with 4D models (define, design, develop, disseminate) but the author limits it to the third ‎stage that is development. The results of this study are: (1) needs analysis includes analysis of the ‎‎2013 education curriculum, student books and the forms of tests used, analysis of the needs ‎of Arabic teachers and students (they really need the development of this tool) (2) Designing ‎a reading skill evaluation tool using Moodle includes writing a grid of questions, writing test ‎questions, and making evaluation tools in Moodle (3) The results of developing a reading ‎skill evaluation tool using moodle for eighth grade in MTs include the validity of linguists ‎and evaluations and media, and the results of all of them show very good ratings and this ‎means it is possible to use Moodle in the evaluation without correction
Development Of Arabic Teaching Materials For Integrated Islamic Kindergartens Al-Irsyad Dharmasraya
Authors: Anggraini Riri 
Published: November 2022

Education is a process of rebuilding experiences by which students acquire knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. In other words, it is the number of methods by which the elements of the environment around the learner are organized representing what is extended by the word environment in the sense of obtaining certain educational items. Teaching materials are one of the tools or teaching tools that contain materials, methods a`nd assessments that design educational materials to achieve educational goals. This research is a development research with 4D model which consists of four steps, namely; definition, design, development, and deployment. However, the researcher limits the development procedure in terms of assessing media based on experts in terms of teching material, design, language. The development procedure in this research is; the development needs analysis stage, namely the analysis of the needs of Arabic teachers, and student books. The results of the data obtained show a rating of "Very Good" in the sense that the development of these teaching materials is very much needed. Then the planning stage starts from collecting teaching materials and then making teaching materials. After finishing making teaching material products, proceed to the development stage, namely; with expert leverage, product modification, product trial and final production. The results of the validation of teaching materials show a value of "Very Good" which means that teaching materials can be used in learning Arabic for integrated Islamic kindergartens.
OPTIMASI FUNGSI NONLINEAR TIGA VARIABLE MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Adri Didin 
Published: November 2022

Pada penelitian ini akan ditentukan nilai minimum dari tiga buah fungsi yang berbeda menggunakan algortima genetika. Pengkodean algortima genetika pada penelitian ini menggunakan binary encoding. Metode crossover yang dipilih adalah uniform crossover dengan menggunakan parameter Jumlah Maksimum generasi (mIt) = 100; Jumlah Populasi (nPop) = 100; Probabilitas Crossover (pCro) = 0,01; Probabilitas Mutasi (pMut) = 0,02. Kemudian Program dijalankan sebanyak 20 kali untuk melihat konsistensi nilai yang dihasilkan dari kode program yang dibuat, kemudian diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut : Nilai minimum untuk fungsi pertama adalah 1,0000, nilai minimum dari fungsi kedua adalah 0 dan nilai minimum dari fungsi ketiga adalah 49,0000
Comparison Of Winograde And Vandenbos Surgical Techniques According To Heifetz Stage In The Treatment Of Ingrown Toenails
Authors: KAYA Emre , COŞKUN Tamer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: In ingrown toenail, classifications and the treatment approaches according to staging has been clearly reported in the literature. However, there are not enough data about the selection of the appropriate surgical technique according to the stage. In this study, we compared two different surgical techniques in patients with Heifetz stage 2 and 3 in means of surgical results, recovery time, patient comfort and cosmetics.
Methods: Between January 2019 and January 21, patients who applied with the complaint of ingrown toenails who were treated with two mentioned surgical techniques in two centers with at least 1 year follow-up were included. The patients were evaluated preoperatively in means of the Heifetz classification. In group 1 (n:54) matrix excising Winograd and in group 2 (n:51) matrix preserving Vandenbos techniques were used. Postoperative recovery time, complication rates, functional and cosmetic patient satisfaction were evaluated in tall cases.
Results: 105 cases of ingrown toenails treated surgically were included in the study. 62 (59%) cases were Heifetz stage 2, 43 (41%) cases were Heifetz stage 3. No statistically significant difference was found between Heifetz stage 2 and stage 3, regardless of surgical technique, in complication, recurrence, patient functional/cosmetic satisfaction rates, and recovery time. In overall analysis regardless of Heifetz staging, recovery time was shorter with Winograd method (p:0.0001), complication and recurrence rates were lower with Vandenbos method (p:0.0001), and VAS cosmetic satisfaction was higher in Vandenbos (p:0.002).
Conclusion: Winograd and Vandenbos in Heifitz stages 2 and 3 have low complication rates and high patient satisfaction. Earlier healing could be achieved with the Winograd technique, while low complication/recurrence rates and high cosmetic satisfaction could be achieved with the Vandenbos technique. Early recovery/high cosmetic expectation should be considered instead of Heifetz staging in determining the surgical technique.
Culturally and contextually adaptive indicators of organizational success: Nunavik, Quebec
Authors: Fraser Sarah Louise , Lyonnais Marie-Claude , Riva Mylene , Fletcher Christopher , Beauregard Nancy , Thompson Jennifer , Mickpegak Raymond , Bouchard Laury-Ann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to develop a preliminary guide to culturally and contextually relevant indicators to assess community resources in the 14 communities of the Inuit territory of Nunavik, Quebec.

Methods
As part of the Community Component of Qanuilirpitaa? of the 2017 Nunavik Health Survey, data were collected from 354 organizations located across Nunavik. Data were collected via short structured interviews with representatives of the organization. An inductive qualitative analysis was conducted to identify emerging themes describing the contexts that influence organizations, how key informants conceptualized what is a successful resource, and the facilitators and needs to achieving these indicators of success. Inuit partners were involved throughout the project to offer insight and to ascertain its pertinence and validity.

Results
Interviews revealed structural and community realities that influenced organizations. Three main indicators were used to describe successes: (1) team efficiency and dynamics; (2) accessibility of the resource; and (3) ability to impact clients and the community. The third indicator was by far the most discussed indicator of success. Participants and leaders offer suggestions as to how to achieve these indicators and advocate for the conditions necessary for organizational sustainability.

Conclusion
This data-driven framework suggests that the measures of success that are frequently used by funding agencies (e.g., number of people reached, number of activities) may not fully represent the potential of local services in a given community. Indeed, services may be creating job opportunities for Inuit, instilling pride, offering cultural opportunities, and increasing capital (human, economic, health) within the community, all of which are equally important indicators of success that may more adequately further improve the social determinants of health among communities.
Landownership within Amish Settlements in Wisconsin: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Cross John A. 
Published: November 2022

This study examines patterns of landownership within 18 Amish settlements in Wisconsin, including nine of the state’s ten largest settlements, plus nine smaller settlements. Landownership was plotted for 2,048 Amish households, who collectively owned over 115,000 acres. These households were drawn from 105 church districts, representing 58.7 percent of the state’s total. The study utilized three types of data: the recent Amish directory for Wisconsin, plat atlases showing landownership for selected counties, and detailed satellite imagery provided by Google Maps.
Average acreage per household ranged from 27.7 to 86.6 acres among the settlements. Differences in acreage owned per household appear related to occupations. Average acreage of Amish-owned land per survey section ranged from 41.6 to 201.2 acres. The maximum acreage of Amish-owned land in each settlement’s survey sections ranged from 120 to 639 acres. Amish landholdings exceeded 160 acres in 30.3 percent of the sections having Amish lands, with the settlements’ proportions ranging from 0 to 55.2 percent.
Interspersal of Amish lands among lands owned by non-Amish people is the norm, but differences in the density of Amish holdings, displayed by owned maximum acreage per section and average landholdings per section, are related to founding date and settlement size. Settlements established before the mid-1980s display greater clustering of Amish landownership. Newer settlements display many noncontiguous sections with Amish-owned lands not adjacent on their sides or corners to other sections having Amish lands. This pattern is particularly conspicuous within the Platteville-Darlington and Fennimore settlements.
Pengelolaan Keuangan Rumah Tangga Dalam Sudut Pandang Perempuan
Authors: Noviriani Eliza , Alrizwan U Ari , Mukaromah Lailatul , Zurmansyah EE 
Published: November 2022

Perempuan mampu menyeimbangkan pekerjaan dan kewajiban rumah tangga diantara nya mengelola keuangan rumah tangga. Berbeda dengan riset-riset sebelum nya, tujuan penelitian ini menyoroti pengelolaan keuangan rumah tangga dari kacamata perempuan sebagai pelaku utama. Perempuan-perempuan tersebut selain sebagai Ibu juga merupakan seorang akuntan pendidik di Politeknik Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan dengan pendekatan fenomenologi terhadap 3 (tiga) orang perempuan yang memiliki profesi akuntan pendidik di Politeknik Kalimantan Barat sebagai informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengelolaan keuangan rumah tangga dalam sudut pandang akuntan perempuan terdiri dari beberapa tahap pengelolaan yaitu dimulai dari: Pertama, perempuan melakukan proses perencanaan (planning). Kedua, rencana pemasukan dan pengeluaran diorganisasikan dengan melakukan identifikasi dan penghitungan. Selanjutnya, Ketiga adalah tahap pengendalian (controlling). Pada tahap ini, pemasukan dan pengeluaran dikendalikan sesuai dengan rencana. Keempat, tahap evaluasi dilakukan untuk meninjau kembali efektifitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan keuangan rumah tangga yang telah dijalankan. Riset ini menambah keanekaragamaan riset pengelolaan keuangan rumah tangga.
Analysis on the functional results of distal tibial fractures in adults treated with distal tibial medial locking plates
Authors: Sathyan Naveen , Goyal Anurag , Ghosliya Rajendra Prasad , Meena Mahaveer , Jhanwar Purushottam 
Published: November 2022

Even today, distal tibial fractures provide a substantial challenge to the majority of surgeons because they account for only 1–10% of lower extremity fractures and have severe consequences. Despite improvements in both non-operative and surgical therapy, distal tibia fractures are still a contentious topic. The goal of a distal tibia fracture is early functional recovery and realignment of the fracture and limb length.This research was carried out at the Jhalawar Medical College Hospital's Orthopaedics Department. Adult patients who met the inclusion criteria and had 15 occurrences of distal tibial fractures treated with a distal tibial medial locking plate. Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically with the relevant X-rays at each follow-up.At the ending of the follow-up period, patients were evaluated using the "Ovadia and Beals" scoring method, which incorporates both an objective and subjective assessment of the patients. An average of 18 weeks passed before all the fractures healed. One delayed union had a radiological callus development indication that was present for 22 weeks. Six patients (40%) with fractures healed in 16 weeks, six patients (40%) with fractures healed in 18 weeks, two patients (13%) with fractures healed in 20 weeks, and one patient (7%) with fractures healed in 22 weeks. In this study, 60% of the patients (9 patients) had outstanding outcomes, while 13% of the patients (2 patients) had poor results based on objective criteria, and 54% of the patients (8 patients) had excellent results, but 13% of the patients (2 patients) had terrible results based on subjective criteria.Through the use of locking compression plates and MIPPO methods, the distal tibia fractures have obtained close reduction. These fractures have been successfully stabilised as a result of this approach. It does allow for early mobility and offers sufficient stability. Because it makes it easier to preserve the blood supply to the fragment and anatomically reduce the fracture, the close reduction aids in quick union.
Electronic and Social Media Use among Secondary Students in Kenya
Authors: Mugambi Mercy M. 
Published: November 2022

In the last decade, we have witnessed a sharp increase in the availability and use of electronic devices. Due to this, electronic devices have become an integral part of adolescent life with reports indicating ownership of at least one electronic media by students. There is increasing concern about the negative effects of excessive use of various electronic media by students but the monitoring of these behaviors is globally low. This necessitated the need for this study which investigated on usage of electronic and social media among students, and perceived influence of electronic media on students’ social behaviour. The study was guided by two objectives: To establish student electronic ownership and activities when using internet and to determine influence of electronic and social media on students’ social behaviour. The study is anchored on two theories: Social influence theory and the social innovation theory. Descriptive survey design was employed with a sample of 359 students. Data was obtained using a questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed by use descriptive statistics. Stratified and random sampling procedures were used to select participants. The study established that students frequently connected to the internet; students concentrated on searching sexual images and listening to sexual discussions and explicit music and that sex-texting was common. Common discussions among students focused on dating and explicit music, movies and celebrities. It was concluded that electronic media has a major influence on students life and students social behaviour. The study recommended that there is need to educate students on more effective use of electronic media.