bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of carbide inserts in the milling of Hadfield steels
Authors: Pyatykh Alexey , Savilov Andrey , Timofeev Sergey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cutting of Hadfield steels has been a major problem and a real challenge for engineers due to its high toughness, ductility and capacity for work hardening. To solve this problem, it is important to choose an optimal cutting tool. Cutting force values should be compared in choosing the most effective tool. Different grades of carbide and protective coatings of indexable inserts have a different impact on the cutting dynamics and force due to different coefficients of friction between the insert surface and the chip. For a comparative analysis of inserts made of various hard materials, a variety of methods were applied. The Taguchi method was used to analyze the cutting process using the "less is more" quality and to determine the grade with the best properties. The variance analysis revealed the most important factor influencing the active cutting force - the tool feed. The regression analysis confirmed the results obtained at the previous stages and revealed avenues for further research.
PriPath: Identifying Dysregulated Pathways from Differential Gene Expression via Grouping, Scoring and Modeling with an Embedded Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Yousef Malik , Ozdemir Fatma , Jaaber Amhar , Allmer Jens , Bakir-Gungor Burcu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Cell homeostasis relies on the concerted actions of several genes; and dysregulated genes lead to disease manifestations. In living organisms, genes or their products do not act alone, but instead act within a large network. Subsets of these networks can be viewed as modules which provide certain functionality in an organism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) systematically analyzes gene functions, proteins, molecules, and provides a PATHWAY database. Measurements of gene expression (e.g., RNA-seq data) can be mapped into KEGG pathways in order to determine which modules are affected or dysregulated in a disease. However, genes acting in multiple pathways, and some other inherent issues complicate such analyses. To detect dysregulated pathways, current approaches may only employ gene expression data and neglect some of the existing knowledge stored in KEGG pathways. For a more holistic association between gene expression and pathways, new approaches which take into account more of the compiled information are required. Results: PriPath is a novel approach that transfers the generic approach of grouping, scoring followed by modeling for the analysis of gene expression with KEGG pathways. In PriPath, we utilize the KEGG pathway as the grouping information and insert this information into a machine learning algorithm for selecting the most significant KEGG pathways. Those groups are utilized to train a machine learning model for the classification task. We have tested PriPath on 13 gene expression datasets of various cancers and other diseases. Our proposed approach successfully assigned biologically and clinically relevant KEGG terms to the differentially expressed genes. We have comparatively evaluated the performance of PriPath against other tools, which are similar in their merit. For each dataset, we manually confirmed the top results of PriPath in literature, and we compared PriPath predictions to the predictions of Reactome and DAVID. Conclusions: PriPath can thus aid in determining dysregulated pathways, which is applicable to medical diagnostics. In the future, we aim to advance this approach in such a way that it will be possible to perform patient stratification based on gene expression and to identify druggable targets. Thereby, we cover two aspects of precision medicine.
ErgonAir: A quasi-experimental study on the effects of a job specific kinetic training on the musculoskeletal load of airport luggage handlers
Authors: Popp Johann , Choudhry Jamal , Keuchel Martin , Krämer Natalie , Schäfer Andreas , Serafin Patrick , Klussmann André 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Physical demands at work are a major source of work incapacity, resulting in significant expenditures. According to EU directive 90/269/EEC, occupational manual handling of loads needs to be avoided by technical and organisational measures. If this is not possible or sufficient, additional measures can be implemented, that focus on behavioural changes in the workers. This study evaluates how an educational training program developed for luggage handlers at Hamburg Airport effects their musculoskeletal load.Methods: This quasi-experimental open-label parallel group trial allocated workers into two groups, one involves the educational training program and the other group receiving no intervention. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the main follow-up observation had to be carried out 3-6 months after baseline instead of 7 months. The program consisted of 16 sessions in three simulated work scenarios. Transfer into practice was enhanced through visitations to the work place. The primary outcome was the weighted cumulative musculoskeletal load of the back, knee and shoulder. We assessed this by using a motion-capturing system and video recordings in order to calculate the cumulative weighted degree-seconds for each body region. Results: We recruited 52 male participants (mean age = 36, 39; sd = 10, 9.5) for the study and lost five during the follow-up period, resulting in total 33 participants in the intervention group and 14 in the control group. Observations were not complete for all participants, thereby resulting in sample sizes of 32, 43 and 25 in the different work scenarios. For the scenario of loading the luggage at the luggage wagon the adjusted difference between intervention and control group for the weighted cumulative musculoskeletal load of the back was -1,455 weighted degree-seconds (°s) (95%-CI -2,517 – -393), 2,227 °s (1,644 – 2,810) for the load of the knees and 813 °s (-523 – 2,150) for the load of the shoulders. After Bonferroni correction for nine tested hypotheses, only the results for the knees were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the other two scenarios.Conclusions: The intervention induced behavioural changes in some working scenarios. Physical load decreases for the back and increases for the knees. Trial registration: DRKS00024583
RNA-Seq analysis of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) protection against CUMS-induced anxiety and depression in Fawn-Hooded (FH/Wjd) rats
Authors: Xiong Ting-Wang , Liu Bo , Wu Qin , Xu Yun-Yan , Liu Jie , Shi Jing-Shan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Dendrobium is the famous Chinese medicine. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) is the active ingredient and has been shown to have anti-aging, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, and neuroprotective properties. This study examined effect of DNLA on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety and depression in Fawn-Hooded (FH/Wjd) rats, a depression model in comorbid of alcoholism. Methods: FH/Wjd rats were subjected to CUMS for 49 days, followed by the treatment with DNLA (20 mg/kg/day, po) for 35 days. The anxiety/depression behaviors, Nissl bodies, neurotransmitters and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis were examined. RNA-Seq analysis was performed to explore the protection mechanisms. Results: The CUMS-induced anxiety/depressive-like behaviors were ameliorated by DNLA in the elevated-plus-maze test, open-field test, and forced swimming test. DNLA alleviated. The CUMS reduced Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA2 region and cortex was alleviated by DNLA. CUMS disrupted 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain, which were attenuated by DNLA. Increases in serum adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels were prevented by DNLA. RNA-Seq revealed CUMS-induced 1600 differentially expressed genes, which were ameliorated with DNLA treatment. KEGG showed the enrichment of Ribosome, Rap1 signaling, tight junction, and RNA transport pathways. Conclusions: FH/Wjd rats subjected to CUMS were an anxiety and depression model. DNLA protected against CUMS-induced anxiety/depression behaviors and neuronal damage. Multiple mechanisms were involved in DNLA protection, including neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and hippocampal gene expressions.
OGT Protects Skeletal Muscle From Damage Through SIRT1 O-GlcNAcylation During Cold Stress
Authors: Cao yu , Zhang Meng , Li Ye , Lu Jing jing , Zhou Wanhui , Li Xiaoshuang , Shi Hao , Xu Bin , Li Shize 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe effect of cold stress on skeletal muscle metabolism is not clear, and skeletal muscle O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation(O-GlcNAcylation) is important for muscle energy homeostasis. So, we aimed to clarify the functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle during cold stress.ResultsTo understand the functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle, we ablated OGT and thus O-GlcNAcylation specifically in mouse skeletal muscle and subjected the mice to cold stress. Cold stress induced profound damages to skeletal muscle, reduced the content of mitochondria, and compromised mitochondrial functions. In response to cold stress, pathways involved in autophagy and mitophagy were upregulated, accompanied by an increase in OGT expression. Cold stress also enhanced protein acetylation and reduced the expression and activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Using C2C12 cells as the in vitro model, we showed that OGT could physically interact with SIRT1 and increased SIRT1 stability through O-GlcNAcylation. During cold stress, SIRT1 partially mediated OGT effect as the overexpression of wild-type but not O-GlcNAcylation site-mutated SIRT1 ameliorated cold stress syndrome.ConclusionsOverall, this study reveals a protective role of OGT-SIRT1 axis in skeletal muscle’s adaptation to cold stress, and our findings provide new avenues to combating stress-induced diseases.
Exposure assessment for pesticide residues in consumed agricultural products in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Tae-Hun , Park Su Chin , Kim Ji Eun , Yeon Hyun Jun , Kim Ju Ho , Park Young Soek , Kim Soo-Hwaun , Oh Yoon-Hee , Jo Gune-Hee 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pesticide residues in food are intentional pollutants such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, miticides, and plant activators. The insecticides diazinon and malathion are classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization, and the fungicides chlorothalonil and hexachlorobenzene are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In this study, gas chromatography and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify the concentrations of pesticide residues in agricultural products and to assess the effects of chronic human exposure to pesticide residues via agricultural consumption. Food consumption data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Chronic exposures using mean consumption data for the whole population, with mean concentration of pesticide residues, were 5.15E-11 ~ 2.08E-05 (LB) and 2.41E-07 ~ 4.69E-05 mg/kg bw/day (UB), corresponding to 0.00012 ~ 2.16% of hazard index (HA). Exposures to pesticide residues using the 95th percentile of the consumption data were 0 ~ 8.76E-05 (LB) and 9.26E-07 ~ 1.56E-04 mg/kg bw/day (UB), corresponding to 0.00045 ~ 9.41% of HA.
Effects of acute or chronic administration gold nanospheres on testicular functions in male rats
Authors: Mansour Doaa , Orabi Sahar , Fathalla Said , Gadallah Shaaban , Din Amina Gamal el , Abdoon Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of gold nanospheres (AuNPs) administration on the rat male reproductive function. Experiment 1: Fifty-four rats were assigned into three groups (n = 18/group). Group І (control), Group ІІ (50 nm AuNPs) and Group ІІІ (10 nm AuNPs), in which rats were intramuscular (i.m) injected with a single dose of 75µg AuNPs/kg/bwt. Experiment 2: Eighteen rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6/group). Group І (control), Group ІІ (50nm AuNPs) and Group ІІІ (10 nm AuNPs): rats were injected repeated doses of 75µg AuNPs /kg/bwt for 5 weeks followed by 3 weeks washout period. Blood, testes and epididymis samples were collected on Days-3, 7, and 60 in experiment 1 and on Day-60 in the 2nd experiment. Results indicated that acute or chronic administration of 10nm AuNPs caused significantly increased serum testosterone level on day-60. Chronic administration of 50nm AuNPs has an antioxidant effect. Acute or chronic study induced no histopathological changes and no changes in Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 in testicular tissues. Acute or chronic administration of 10nm AuNPs significantly increased the spermatozoa in epididymal ducts and testicular tissue on Day-60 post-treatment. In conclusion, the administration of AuNPs (10nm and 50nm size) is safe on the male reproductive function.
The value of first trimester ultrasound screening for fetal structural abnormalities
Authors: Deng Xuedong , Sun Lingling , Yin Linliang , Sun Jian , Ji Chunya , Pan Qi , Zhang Jun , Yang Zhong , Ling Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of first trimester ultrasound screening (FTS) for fetal structural abnormalities.Method: This was a single-center retrospective study carried out at the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Total 7523 fetuses were enrolled in the study, including 6376 single pregnancies and 569 twin pregnancies, who underwent FTS during 11~13+6 weeks’ gestation, including nuchal translucency (NT) measurement and anatomy scans with a standard protocol. The fetuses were followed-up with pregnancy outcomes. Results: 147 fetuses (133 single pregnancies and 7 twin pregnancies) were lost to follow-up. A total of 119 fetuses with structural malformations were found by prenatal ultrasound, autopsy after induced abortion, or physical examination after birth, with a deformity incidence rate of 1.61% (119/7376). The highest defects were cardiac abnormalities (35/119, 29.4%), followed by genitourinary system abnormalities (14/119, 11.76%) and skeletal system abnormalities (13/119, 10.2%). Among 119 fetuses, 64 cases (64/119, 53.8%) with structural malformations were detected during the first trimester, while 24.4% (29/119) and 1.68% (2/119) were found during the second and third trimester, respectively. The other 24 cases with fetal structural malformation missed diagnosis prenatally. However, 4 cases with suspected ventricular septal defects (VSD) by FTS were proved to be normal. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) for first trimester ultrasound was 54.2%, 99.9%, 94.1%, and 99.3%, respectively. On the other hand, 48 fetuses (48/452, 10.6%) with thickened NT (above the 95th percentile) showed structural malformations. The prevalence of structural abnormalities was significantly higher in fetuses with increased NT (10.6%) than those with normal NT (71/6924, 1.0%) (P<0.01). Conclusion: FTS was a safe and useful approach for detecting fetal structural malformations early, with high specificity, PPV, and NPV. The increased NT could be a clue for detailed anatomy screening and much attention should be paid. However, it could not replace the second and third trimester ultrasound screening due to the mid-sensitivity.
Full-length chloroplast genome of Dongxiang wild rice reveals small single-copy region switching
Authors: Liang Jianguang , Chen Rui , Zhang Fantao , Wang Qian , Yang Yingxia , Lv Mingjie , Yan Shuangyong , Gao Shan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Plant chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) typically has a circular structure, including a large single-copy region (LSC), a small single-copy region (SSC) and two inverted repeats (IR1 and IR2). The organization of these four elementary regions LSC-IR1-SSC-IR2 is highly conserved across all plant cpDNAs. Only very a few structural variations (SVs) occurring at the elementary-region level have been reported. Results: In the present study, we assembled the full-length cpDNA of Dongxiang wild rice line 159 (DXWR159). Using the long PacBio subreads, we discovered a large inversion of SSC and a large duplication of IR in DXWR159 cpDNAs. The large inversion of SSC results in a reverse orientation of SSC. According to the orientation of SSC, the structures of cpDNAs can be classified into the forward SSC (SSC-F) and reverse SSC (SSC-R) types. As the most significant finding, both SSC-R and SSC-F type cpDNAs were detected in several seedlings of DXWR159 with a ratio of 1.2. The frequent inversion of SSC was named as SSC switching.Conclusions: The frequencies of Short tandem repeats (STRs) and large SVs in plant cpDNAs need to be intensely investigated for rediscovery. STRs may not be useful as molecular markers in phylogenetic studies, particularly at low taxonomic levels. We propose that: (1) SSC switching ubiquitous occurs in plant cpDNAs and is not a rarely occurring event; (2) SSC switching may be active or inactive by regulation at the molecular level; and (3) further investigation of the underlying mechanism may reveal novel and important functions associated with SSC switching.
Preliminary Design for Establishing Compost Maturity by Using the Spectral Characteristics of Five Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Lin Yi-Hong , Lin Yong-Zhang , Lin Yong-Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The maturity of compost is involved in the availability of nutrients to crops and improvement of soil properties after fertilization. The determination of composts maturity mostly required analyses in the laboratory previously and it must consume a lot of time and cost. This studies were conducted to use Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy to understand the mature characteristics of five type of common composts. The FTIR analysis showed that all composts contained aromatic groups. In addition, the surface of composts were enriched with the functional groups including hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group etc. However, these functional groups changed along with maturity degree. It is preliminarily recognized that the aliphatic group located at 2,930 cm-1 and 2,850 cm-1 showed a decreasing peak, and amino acid at 1,385 cm-1 was disappearing gradually due to the decomposition by bacteria. There may be used to identify the maturity degree of composts. Productions of aromatic group at 1,650 cm-1, carboxy (-COOH) and phenolic OH groups at 1,385 cm-1 may prove the full maturity of composts. 13C NMR analysis showed that five type of matured composts are mainly consisted with aliphatic groups and aromatic groups. The surfaces of the composts contained C-O bounds (CO carbons-alcohols, ester, ethers, carbohydrates and other functional groups), COO- (carboxyl and ester carbons) and C = O bond (aldehydes and ketones). The strength of different absorptive characteristics of FTIR and 13C NMR may be a clue of the maturity of composts for future designing reference of detective instruments.
Predictive character of the foot’s structural variables aids assessing postural stability in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Szczepanowska-Wolowiec Beata , Sztandera Paulina , Kotela Ireneusz , Zak Marek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (2018) on the health status of adolescents in Europe highlights an escalation of factors instrumental in the development of postural defects, which may consequently deteriorate into serious postural complaints in adulthood. The study aimed to investigate the correlations between morphological structure of the foot and postural stability in children and adolescents. The study sample comprised 627 children (aged 10-15 years), who had the plantar part of their feet assessed in static conditions with a 2D podoscan. Individual foot loading paradigm variables were assessed with a baropodometric platform. Postural assessment was completed with a 2D Videography, facilitating morphological measurements of body asymmetry. Valgus of the knees, Clarke's angle, and Wejsflog index values also doubled as strong predictors of COP length. A negative correlation was established between the COP length and obesity, hallux valgus of the left foot, flat-footedness, and the lowered longitudinal foot arches. Higher COP surface area values were observed in the children affected by valgus of the knees, higher angle of the hallux valgus in the left foot, and those boasting longer feet. Clarke's L-foot angle, Wejsflog index, and valgus of the knees proved strong predictors affecting key postural stability variables.
Development of a metastasis-related genes prognostic model for colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Tong , Yu Qian , Liu Te , Yang Wenjing , Chen Wei , Jin Anli , Wang Hao , Ding Lin , Zhang Chunyan , Pan Baishen , Wang Beili , Guo Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe colorectal tumor is a malignant tumor, the most important cause of death from colorectal cancer is metastasis. The primary objective of this study was to build a prognosis model by analyzing the differential genes between metastatic and non-metastatic CRC; Create a corresponding nomogram for clinical risk assessment of prognostic indicators to facilitate interpretation.MethodsIn this study, the main data on colorectal tumors are obtained from TCGA data set. Then, we used univariate COX regression analysis & Lasso regression analysis to find and filter characteristic variables. We construct the Cox proportional hazards regression model and verified the stability of the model by GEO external data set, the nomograms based on MR-risk score were obtained for clinical use. Finally, we explored the underlying mechanism of MR-risk score and colorectal cancer prognosis by using immune infiltration and immune checkpoint analysis.ResultsIn this study, the prognostic model of colorectal cancer patients was constructed based on the colorectal metastasis-related genes, and the correlation between MR-risk core and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients was obtained. In TCGA database, AUC of training set was 0.72, and the AUC of the testing set was 0.76, at the same time, AUC of GEO external data set was 0.68, which proved that treatment and prognosis of patients could be effectively determined. Finally, we found that the immune cells infiltrated in the tissues of patients with high MR-risk score were mostly in immune static or inactivated state compared with those of patients with low MR-risk score. ConclusionsIn summary, MR-risk score has a direct correlation with the prognosis of colorectal cancer, It is useful for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.
Development and application of intelligent traceability system for vehicle shock absorber assembly line
Authors: Huang Yiding , Zhuo Wang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In view of the existing problems in the vehicle shock absorber industry, such as time-consuming to trace the product quality problems, there is no data information of vehicle shock absorber, and the product quality problems are unpredictable in the production process. Based on the existing equipment, an intelligent traceability system is designed to collect manufacturing process information in real time, monitor the operation status of production line and equipment in real time, reduce fault response and equipment downtime, improve production efficiency, and provide data basis for equipment improvement. Through this system, recall cost can be reduced, and product reliability and safety can be improved.