bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of semi-recumbent vibration exercise on muscle outcomes in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Taani Murad H. , Binkley Neil , Gangnon Ronald , Krueger Diane , Buehring Bjoern 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Many older adults with physical limitations living in residential care apartments are unable to exercise in a standing position and are at risk for declining in muscle function leading to falls and injury. Novel approaches to achieve exercise benefits are needed. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of semi-recumbent vibration exercise on muscle outcomes in older adults living in residential care apartment complexes (RCACs).

Methods
A randomized, crossover design was used to examine the effect of semi-recumbent vibration exercise on muscle function and mass among 32 RCAC residents (mean age 87.5 years) with physical limitations. Participants received a randomized sequence of two study conditions: sham or vibration for 8 weeks each separated by a 4-week washout. Before and after the 8 weeks of vibration treatment and sham treatment, muscle mechanography was used to assess muscle function including jump power, weight-corrected jump power, and jump height. Short physical performance battery (SPPB) and handgrip strength were also used to measure muscle function. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass. The effect of the vibration treatment on muscle outcomes was analyzed through mixed effects linear regression models.

Results
Vibration exercise leads to better jump height (p < .05) compared to sham exercise but also poorer chair rise performance (p = 0.012). Other muscle functions tests and muscle mass parameters showed non-significant changes.

Conclusion
This small pilot study showed no conclusive results on the effect of semi-recumbent vibration exercise on muscle function and mass in older adults living in RCAC. However, the promising signals of improved jump performance could be used to power larger studies of longer duration with various vibration doses to determine the benefit of vibration exercise in this physically impaired, high-risk population with few exercise capabilities.

Trial registration
The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02533063; date of first registration 26/08/2015).
T2 mapping for knee cartilage degeneration in young patients with mild symptoms
Authors: Zhao Huiyu , Li Hongqiu , Liang Shuo , Wang Xinyue , Yang Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to analyze the distribution of knee cartilage degeneration in young patients with mild symptoms using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping.

Materials and methods
This study included sixty six patients (case group) and twenty eight healthy volunteers (control group). The participants underwent 3.0 T conventional MRI plus a multi-echo sequence. The cartilage of each participant was divided into twenty eight subregions. We then calculated the T2 mean values and standard deviation or median and quartile range for each subregion according to whether the normal distribution was satisfied. Besides, we employed Kruskal–Wallis test to determine the statistical differences of each subregion in the control group while the Mann–Whitney U test was used to define the statistical difference between the case group and the control group and between the control group and subjects aged less than or equal to 35 years in the case group.

Results
In the case group, age of 30 male patients was 31.5 ± 9.3 and age of 36 female patients was 35.7 ± 8.3. In the two groups, the superficial central lateral femoral region exhibited relatively high T2 values (control/case group: 49.6 ± 2.7/55.9 ± 8.8), and the deep medial patellar region exhibited relatively low T2 values (control/case group: 34.2 ± 1.3/33.5(32.2, 35.5)). Comparison of the T2 values between the case and the control group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in nine subregions (P1 < 0.05) and there were five subregions in the case group with age ≤ 35 years (P2 < 0.05). In particular, the p-values for four subregions of the patellofemoral joint were all less than 0.05 (P1 = 0.002, 0.015, 0.036, 0.005).

Conclusion
T2 values of patients were significantly different with values of healthy groups, especially in the superficial cartilage of the patellofemoral joint. It made T2 mapping helpful to early identify patients with knee cartilage degeneration.
Impact of klotho on the expression of SRGAP2a in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Jin Donghua , Jia Miao , Xie Yuxian , Lin Lihua , Qiu Hong , Lu Guoyuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of kidney failure, and glomerular podocytes play critical roles in the pathogenesis of DN by maintaining the glomerular structure and filtration barrier. Klotho and Slit-Robo GTP activating protein 2a (SRGAP2a) have been indicated to play protective roles in reducing kidney injury, but whether there is an internal relationship between these two factors is unclear.

Methods
In this study, we cultured differentiated rat podocytes in vitro and measured the SRGAP2a expressions by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, after siRNA-mediated transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) silencing, TGF-β1 overexpression and in the presence of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. And we detected the expressions of SRGAP2a, small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad)2/3, phosphorylated-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), Smad7, and NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4), ROS levels and podocyte cytoskeletal remodelling under high glucose (HG) and exogenous klotho conditions. In addition, we performed haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry with diabetic rat models to confirm the in vitro results.

Results
The results indicated that SRGAP2a expression was significantly upregulated under siRNA-mediated TGF-β1 silencing conditions or after adding a ROS inhibitor, but significantly downregulated with TGF-β1 overexpression, in the presence of HG. The supplementation of exogenous klotho under HG conditions significantly increased the SRGAP2a expression, remodelled the actin cytoskeleton and altered the expressions of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad7 and NOX4 and reduced the ROS generation in podocytes. Moreover, klotho administration protected kidney injury in DN rats.

Conclusions
This study indicated that klotho may modulate the expression of SRGAP2a by regulating the ROS and TGF-β1 signalling pathways and provided theoretical support for klotho protein as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating DN patients.
Resolution of severe eosinophilic peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis by changing from Dianeal peritoneal dialysis solution to Stay-Safe Balance solution: a case report
Authors: Chan Zi , Hui Yun Ho , Wong Sunny Sze Ho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Eosinophilic peritonitis is a well-known complication at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis. It is often due to an allergic reaction to peritoneal dialysis solution or sometimes to the peritoneal dialysis catheter itself. Most cases are self-limiting with expected spontaneous resolution within a few weeks. Treatment is necessary for severe or persistent cases. However, the optimal treatment has not yet been defined. There have been only a few case reports on the use of anti-histamines and/or steroids for the treatment of eosinophilic peritonitis. We reported a case of severe eosinophilic peritonitis successfully treated by switching the brand of peritoneal dialysis fluid (same glucose concentration). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case employing such a treatment strategy.

Case presentation
An eighty-two-year-old man with end-stage renal failure was started on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with Dianeal® (Baxter) peritoneal dialysis solution. He developed eosinophilic peritonitis 19 days after initiation of peritoneal dialysis. Infectious causes were ruled out by bacterial, fungal and tuberculosis smears and cultures. In view of the persistent and severe symptoms, we intervened by switching from Dianeal® (Baxter) peritoneal dialysis solution to Stay-Safe Balance® (Fresenius) solution with the same glucose concentration. His eosinophilic peritonitis resolved 5 days after switching the peritoneal dialysis solution.

Conclusion
In severe or persistent cases of eosinophilic peritonitis requiring treatment, other than the use of steroids and anti-histamines, switching to a different brand of peritoneal dialysis solution can be considered.
Sunitinib-related high-grade proteinuria and allograft dysfunction in a kidney recipient: a rare case report
Authors: Ko Hsu-Cheng , Lee Huai-Pao , Wu Jiann-Der , Ma Tsung-Liang , Shen Cheng-Huang , Lin Chang-Te , Cheng Ming-Chin , Jou Yeong-Chin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Sunitinib-induced high-grade proteinuria and irreversible renal allograft dysfunction are rare conditions. Here, we present a patient who had received renal allograft and later developed metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma(cc-mRCC), for which he was prescribed sunitinib. High-grade proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, peripheral edema and renal allograft dysfunction (manifesting as an increase in the serum creatinine concentration) occurred 5 months after sunitinib prescription.

Case presentation
The patient was a 58-year-old male who had end-stage renal disease with regular hemodialysis through arteriovenous fistula for 17 years since 1998 and received a renal allograft from a deceased kidney donor in 2015. Unfortunately, in 2019, the patient developed cc-mRCC originating from the left native kidney. We suggested a needle biopsy on left native kidney or radical left nephrectomy, but the patient refused. Sunitinib was prescribed. Follow-up urine analysis showed proteinuria (500 mg/dL) 2 weeks after sunitinib prescription. He was hospitalized 5 months later because of body weight gain, decreased urine output, pitting edema of both lower extremities, and shortness of breath. The image studies showed progression in his cc-mRCC. His serum creatinine level and spot urine protein at admission increased to 4.26 mg/dL and 300 mg/dL, respectively. He agreed on a biopsy for the renal allograft and the pathology studies showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and acute tubular injury. Based on the time sequence of clinical presentations with the laboratory and pathological findings, sunitinib-induced renal allograft dysfunction secondary to high-grade proteinuria was most likely. Despite of discontinuation of sunitinib and increased dose of everolimus, renal impairment progressed. Thus, he had to receive hemodialysis starting 2 week after hospitalization. Unfortunately, the patient died of advanced metastasis despite of aggressive medical treatments 3 weeks after admission.

Conclusion
This case report is a reminder that renal allograft dysfunction can happen secondary to proteinuria after taking sunitinib. Hence, clinicians must regularly check renal function and urine protein for renal allograft recipients. Monitoring and modifying drug prescription, especially sunitinib, is necessary if persistent proteinuria accompanied by deteriorating serum creatinine level occurs. Renal biopsy may be considered if more evidence is required to make a differential diagnosis.
The effect of peer education based on Pender’s health promotion model on quality of life, stress management and self-efficacy of patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bijani Mostafa , Niknam Maryam , Karimi Shanaz , Naderi Zeinab , Dehghan Azizallah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
As a chronic, disabling disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) has challenged healthcare systems in many ways. MS adversely affects patients’ quality of life and self-efficacy and results in psychological stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of peer education based on Pender’s health promotion model on the quality of life, stress management, and self-efficacy of patients with MS in the south of Iran.

Methods
The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 90 patients were divided into group A intervention group 45 patients) and group B (control group 45 patients). The intervention was peer education based on Pender’s health promotion model. Data were collected using the MS Quality of Life Scale, the Self-efficacy Scale, and the Stress Management Scale. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics. Thus, inferential statistics applied included Chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and Repeated measures (ANOVA). The significance level was considered p < 0.05.

Results
The quality of life, self-efficacy, and stress management mean scores of the intervention group as measured immediately and 3 months after intervention were significant (p < 0.05). As for the control group, however, the difference was not significant.

Conclusion
Peer education based on Pender’s health promotion model improves patients’ quality of life, stress management, and self-efficacy with multiple sclerosis. Nursing managers and health system policymakers can use this educational approach for patients with other chronic diseases to enhance their quality of life and self-efficacy.

Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT registration number: IRCT20190917044802N3.
Long-term surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of foveal detachment in pathologic myopia: based on the ATN classification
Authors: Feng Jingyang , Yu Jiayi , Chen Qiuying , Zhou Hao , Chen Fenge , Wang Weijun , Xu Xun , Fan Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the long-term surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of foveal detachment (FD) in pathological myopia.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included 59 patients with FD (61 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy at Shanghai General Hospital between June 2017 and July 2018 with follow-up for at least 24 months. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and swept-source optical coherence tomography, were assessed. Preoperative myopic maculopathy was evaluated according to the ATN classification.

Results
FD completely resolved in 59 of 61 eyes (96.7%). Mean duration of retinal reattachment was 12.10 ± 8.10 months. Mean logMAR BCVA improved from 1.34 ± 0.52 to 0.83 ± 0.43 at 24 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). Secondary macular hole occurred in 8 eyes (13.1%) with a mean period of 3.4 ± 4.1 weeks after primary surgery. In regression analyses, baseline myopic atrophy maculopathy (MAM) (B = 0.213, P = 0.005) and vitreomacular traction (VMT) (B = 0.292, P = 0.007) were adverse prognostic factors for postoperative BCVA. A more severe MAM revealed a delay in retinal reattachment (B = 5.670, P = 0.002). FD eyes with VMT (OR = 1.309, P = 0.003) or outer lamellar macular hole (O-LMH) (OR = 1.369, P < 0.001) were risk factors for postoperative secondary macular hole.

Conclusions
Vitrectomy was effective in the long-term for treating FD. Careful consideration is needed for those with VMT or O-LMH due to the high risk of secondary macular hole after vitrectomy. FD eyes with more severe MAM tended to have poorer postoperative BCVA and extended periods of retinal reattachment.
Comparison of different pupil dilatation methods for phacoemulsification in eyes with a small pupil
Authors: Wang Jin Da , Zhang Jing Shang , Li Meng , Mao Ying Yan , Mayinuer Yusufu , Wan Xiu Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare 6 methods for intraoperative pupil dilatation in eyes with insufficient pupil size during phacoemulsification.

Methods
This was a prospective case–control study. 99 microcoria cataract patients (120 eyes) were collected and were divided into 6 groups(20 eyes each group), and their pupils were dilated by bimanual stretching pupil (group I), pupil radial cut open(group II), mechanical pupil dilatation with iris-retractor hooks (group III), OASIS iris expander (group IV), and Malyguin-ring (Microsurgical company, America) (group V), B-HEX Pupil Expander (Med Invent Devics, India)(group VI),respectively. 3.0 mm clear corneal incision were used in phacoemulsification. All cases were followed up at 1 week and 1, 3, 6 months after the surgery. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), corneal endothelium cell density(ECD), pupil diameter(PD) of before and after surgery were compared.

Results
One same doctor finished all cataract surgeries successfully. The eyes’ condition before surgery and at 6 months after surgery were compared. There were no significant statistical differences for the conditions of the eyes before surgery among six groups. The ECDs were better at 6 months postoperatively in group III and V, median values: 2114/mm2, 1961/mm2. PD was largest in group II (median value: 5.5 mm), which was significantly larger than other groups (Padjusted < 0.05).

Conclusions
All 6 methods used in this study were effective for the mechanical dilatation of small pupils and didn’t affect the postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure in microcoria cataract phacoemulsification. Iris-retractor hooks and the Malyugin Ring can reduce intraoperative corneal endothelium cell loss. Postoperative PD is larger when the iris was cut open radially.
Plasma and aqueous levels of alarin and adipsin in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Gül Fatih Cem , Kobat Sabiha Güngör , Çelik Fatih , Aydin Süleyman , Akkoç Ramazan Fazıl 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Backround
Diabetic retinopathy is a disease seen with microvascular complications as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Alarin and Adipsin are molecules with a role in energy and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine plasma and aqueous levels of Alarin and Adipsin in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy to evaluate their potential roles in diabetic retinopathy.

Methods
The study included one eye from each of 20 cataract patients without diabetes (C), 20 cataract patients with diabetes and without diabetic retinopathy (DM + C), and 20 cataract patients with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR + C). Plasma and aqueous humour samples were taken from all patients during the cataract operation. Alarin and Adipsin levels were examined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results
Both plasma and aqueous Alarin levels were significantly higher in the patients with diabetic retinopathy than in the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.006). Adipsin levels were found to be significantly higher in plasma in the control group than in the DR + C group and significantly higher in aqueous in the DR + C group than in the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that Alarin and Adipsin may play important role in diabetic retinopathy.
Fit for LIFE: the development and optimization of an intervention delivered through prison gymnasia to support incarcerated men in making positive lifestyle changes
Authors: MacLean Alice , Maycock Matthew , Hunt Kate , Mailer Craig , Mason Keith , Gray Cindy M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite prison settings presenting opportunities for healthy eating and regular exercise, many incarcerated men supplement prison food with unhealthy snacks and drinks, and are less likely to achieve recommended physical activity guidelines than non-incarcerated men. This paper describes the co-development with prison staff of a healthy lifestyle intervention for delivery to incarcerated men, and feasibility testing of its delivery through prison physical education departments.

Methods
The starting point for intervention development was Football Fans in Training (FFIT), an evidence-based intervention successful in engaging men and supporting them to lose weight, make positive lifestyle changes and maintain these long term. We iteratively tested and adapted FFIT for delivery in prison gym facilities through a four Phase pilot and optimisation study. Methods used to evaluate each phase included: observations of session deliveries; semi-structured interviews with participants; and a focus group/semi-structured interviews with prison Physical Education Instructors (PEIs) who delivered the programme. Data were analysed thematically using the Framework approach. Findings from each phase informed development of the optimised programme.

Results
We iteratively co-developed a healthy lifestyle intervention (known as Fit for LIFE) tailored to the needs of incarcerated men and prison operational constraints. Fit for LIFE comprises elements specifically designed to address common barriers to a healthy lifestyle within prison, including: discussion of healthiest available food choices; trying out different physical activity options in the prison gym; and strategies (such as in-cell workouts) for dealing with prolonged time in cells at evenings/weekends. Weight loss was not always the most valued outcome. Instead, participants cited a wide range of behavioural, physical and mental health improvements as important to them, and were more motivated if they could focus on identifying and achieving personally relevant objectives.

Conclusions
Fit for LIFE is a 10-week, group-based healthy lifestyle programme tailored for delivery to incarcerated men in prison gymnasia. Weekly 90-min sessions include informative and interactive ‘classroom’ activities followed by a practical physical activity training session, often with group activities. Fit for LIFE aims to help incarcerated men to: increase physical activity; reduce sedentary time; eat more healthily; and start and maintain using prison gym facilities with confidence.
The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on depression sufferers: a qualitative study from the province of Zaragoza, Spain
Authors: Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Porroche-Escudero Ana , Méndez-López Fátima , García-Gallego Valentín , Benedé-Azagra Belén , Magallón-Botaya Rosa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe impact of COVID-19 and its control measures have exacerbated existing mental health conditions. Although the deleterious effects of mental health problems are well known, fewer studies have examined the links between the Social Determinants of Health (SDHs) and depression. This study provides insights into the relationship between SDHs and depression during the first strict lockdown in Spain, which lasted for a period of 7 weeks.MethodsFifty-two structured interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with depression during June 2020 in the province of Zaragoza (Spain). Interviews were conducted by telephone due to lockdown constraints. Inductive thematic content analysis was used to explore, develop, and define emergent categories of analysis, which were mapped against the SDH framework.ResultsListening to people’s experiences of living with depression during lockdown provided insights into their concerns and coping strategies, which are greatly influenced by the conditions in which they live, their job and their age. Examples of these factors include access to and quality of physical spaces, including housing conditions and public spaces for socialising, social support, adverse working conditions which include caring responsibilities, and access to digital technologies and healthcare services.ConclusionSDHs have played a fundamental role in shaping people’s health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this study has shown that they have a considerable effect on depression outcomes. Governments should consider implementing social welfare programs to tackle both psychosocial problems and material need during crisis situations.