bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decontamination of water co-polluted by copper, toluene and tetrahydrofuran using lauric acid
Authors: Earnden Laura , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Laredo Thamara , Stobbs Jarvis , Marshall Tatianna , Pensini Erica 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCo-contamination by organic solvents (e.g., toluene and tetrahydrofuran) and metal ions (e.g., Cu2+) is common in industrial wastewater and in industrial sites. This manuscript describes the separation of THF from water in the absence of copper ions, as well as the treatment of water co-polluted with either THF and copper, or toluene and copper. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water are freely miscible in the absence of lauric acid. Lauric acid separates the two solvents, as demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The purity of the water phase separated from 3:7 (v/v) THF:water mixtures using 1 M lauric acid is ≈87%v/v. Synchrotron small angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that lauric acid forms reverse micelles in THF, which swell in the presence of water (to host water in their interior) and ultimately lead to two free phases: 1) THF-rich and 2) water-rich. Deprotonated lauric acid (laurate ions) also induces the migration of Cu2+ ions in either THF (following separation from water) or in toluene (immiscible in water), enabling their removal from water. Laurate ions and copper ions likely interact through physical interactions (e.g., electrostatic interactions) rather than chemical bonds, as shown by ATR-FTIR. Inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) demonstrates up to 60% removal of Cu2+ ions from water co-polluted by CuSO4 or CuCl2 and toluene. While lauric acid emulsifies water and toluene in the absence of copper ions, copper salts destabilize emulsions. This is beneficial, to avoid that copper ions are re-entrained in the water phase alongside with toluene, following their migration in the toluene phase. The effect of copper ions on emulsion stability is explained based on the decreased interfacial activity and compressional rigidity of interfacial films, probed using a Langmuir trough. In wastewater treatment, lauric acid (a powder) can be mixed directly in the polluted water. In the context of groundwater remediation, lauric acid can be solubilized in canola oil to enable its injection to treat aquifers co-polluted by organic solvents and Cu2+. In this application, injectable filters obtained by injecting cationic hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC +) would impede the flow of toluene and copper ions partitioned in it, protecting downstream receptors. Co-contaminants can be subsequently extracted upstream of the filters (using pumping wells), to enable their simultaneous removal from aquifers.
Hybrid cascaded MLI development for PV‐grid connection applications
Authors: Noman Abdullah M. , Al‐Shamma'a Abdullrahman A. , Asef Pedram , Alkuhayli Abdulaziz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor grid‐connected solar photovoltaic (PV) applications, a hybrid cascaded MLI (H‐CMLI) topology based on cascaded H‐bridge MLI is proposed in this study. The proposed configuration is a hybrid of two common MLIs: Cascaded H‐bridge and three‐phase cascaded voltage source inverter (VSI). For the same voltage level, the proposed topology enhances the number of the generated voltage levels while employing fewer components, relative to other traditional MLI topologies. Furthermore, the voltage stresses on switches in the proposed topology are decreased, compared to when each part operates independently. The proposed topology could be utilized for many applications, such as PV‐grid connection, active power filters, and STATCOM. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology, the model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment, in which a closed‐loop control scheme based on the traditional one is used to achieve the PV‐grid connection. Alongside the simulation results, the proposed topology and its control scheme are experimentally implemented in the laboratory. Two cases were experimentally applied to validate the successful performance of the proposed H‐CMLI: Open‐loop control and closed‐loop control for PV‐grid integration. The proposed control scheme effectively maintains the DC link voltage at its reference voltages. Also, the closed‐loop control scheme is capable of providing the power factor at unity and maintaining the total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid current within the acceptable limit. To demonstrate the proposed topology's functionality and viability, experimental results are provided.
Neutral voices in audio descriptions
Authors: Machuca María Jesús , Matamala Anna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA neutral delivery has often been considered to be the norm in audio description, but it is unclear what a ‘neutral voice’ means. This article begins with a discussion of neutrality in prosody and with a contextualization of AD voicing. It then presents an acoustic analysis of a corpus of audio descriptions in Catalan, English, and Spanish. Based on the results of this analysis, a perception test is designed, and its results are discussed here. The perception test involves participants with sight loss (31 in Spanish, 35 in Catalan, 40 in English) and without sight loss (29 in Spanish, 46 in Catalan, 31 in English) who are asked to define what a neutral voice is for them. Respondents are also asked to select the male and female voices that they consider most neutral. The qualitative analysis of the replies, together with the selection made by participants for both male and female voices across three different languages, sheds some light on how neutrality (or non-neutrality) could be defined. The study does not aim to determine what acoustic features voices should have in the context of audio description but tries to better understand what a neutral voice is, considering that this has traditionally been a frequent expression in research on audio description delivery.
Design of a novel bilayered structure of ferromagnetic metal and nonmagnetic insulator wires while maintaining the distance between the constituent skyrmions
Authors: Kato Masataka , Ohsawa Tomokatsu , Honda Syuta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnetic-skyrmion-based racetrack memory is a high-density memory for storing information driven by low-power, wherein the arrangement of skyrmions is stored in the form of binary digit combinations. This arrangement is altered based on the skyrmion motion resulting from the influence of the spin-transfer torque. We propose a novel layered structure of a ferromagnetic metal (FM) wire/nonmagnetic insulator wire/FM wire in which the skyrmions move while maintaining the arrangement. It consists of two FM wires that are perpendicularly magnetized. One of these comprises several skyrmions, which act as binary digits (data skyrmions). The other wire constitutes a sufficient number of skyrmions that are closely packed and allow the spin-polarized current to flow. A dipole–dipole interaction acts between these two FM wires. The motion of the data skyrmion is induced by the current-induced motion of the packed skyrmion. The motion of skyrmions is simulated via micromagnetic approaches. The data skyrmions move while maintaining the distance between each skyrmion. The analog position of the data skyrmion is controlled by the current flowing through another wire. The stable data skyrmion motion has a threshold current. When the current is larger than the threshold current, the skyrmion breaks, and/or the distance between skyrmions breaks. The threshold current density is found to decrease with an increasing vacuum layer thickness and increase with increasing thickness of the FM wire flowing current. Our results show that the skyrmion motion in the proposed structure can drive skyrmions with a spin-current density lower than that of the coupled granular/continuous structure and the edge-notched nanowire structure. This structure can be used in developing low-power operational devices based on skyrmion motion.
Understanding magnetocrystalline anisotropy based on orbital and quadrupole moments
Authors: Miura Yoshio , Okabayashi Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) is fundamentally important for developing novel magnetic materials. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between MCA and local physical quantities observed by spectroscopic measurements, such as the orbital and quadrupole moments, is necessary. In this review, we discuss MCA and the distortion effects in magnetic materials with transition metals (TMs) based on the orbital and quadrupole moments, which are related to the spin-conserving and spin-flip terms in the second-order perturbation calculations, respectively. We revealed that orbital moment stabilized the spin moment in the direction of the larger orbital moment, while the quadrupole moment stabilized the spin moment along the longitudinal direction of the spin-density distribution. The MCA of the magnetic materials with TMs and their interfaces can be determined from the competition between these two contributions. We showed that the perpendicular MCA of the face-centered cubic Ni with tensile tetragonal distortion arose from the orbital moment anisotropy, whereas that of Mn-Ga alloys originated from the quadrupole moment of spin density. In contrast, in the Co/Pd(111) multilayer and Fe/MgO(001), both the orbital moment anisotropy and quadrupole moment of spin density at the interfaces contributed to the perpendicular MCA. Understanding the MCA of magnetic materials and interfaces based on orbital and quadrupole moments is essential to design MCA of novel magnetic applications.
Temperature dependent studies on centimeter-scale MoS2 and vdW heterostructures
Authors: Sebastian Ann Rose , Kaium Md Golam , Ko Tae-Jun , Shawkat Mashiyat Sumaiya , Jung Yeonwoong , Ahn Ethan C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides is an emerging 2D semiconducting material group which has excellent physical properties in the ultimately scaled thickness dimension. Specifically, van der Waals heterostructures hold the great promise in further advancing both the fundamental scientific knowledge and practical technological applications of 2D materials. Although 2D materials have been extensively studied for various sensing applications, temperature sensing still remains relatively unexplored. In this work, we experimentally study the temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and its heterostructures with platinum dichalcogenides (PtSe2 and PtTe2) to explore their potential to become the next-generation temperature sensor. It is found that the MoS2-PtX2 heterostructure shows the great promise as the high-sensitivity temperature sensor.
Feature enhancement network for CNV typing in optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Xu Chuanzhen , Xi Xiaoming , Yang Lu , Yang Xiao , Song Zuoyong , Nie Xiushan , Zhang Limei , Zhang Yanwei , Chen Xinjian , Yin Yilong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a characteristic feature of wet age-related macular degeneration, which is one of the main causes of blindness in the elderly. Automatic classification of CNV in optical coherence tomography images plays an auxiliary role in the clinical treatment of CNV. Approach. This study proposes a feature enhancement network (FE-net) to discriminate between different CNV types with high inter-class similarity. The FE-net consists of two branches: discriminative FE and diverse FE. In the discriminative FE branch, a novel class-specific feature extraction module is introduced to learn class-specific features, and the discriminative loss is introduced to make the learned features more discriminative. In the diverse FE branch, the attention region selection is used to mine the multi-attention features from feature maps in the same class, and the diverse loss is introduced to guarantee that the attention features are different, which can improve the diversity of the learned features. Main results. Experiments were conducted on our CNV dataset, with significant accuracy of 92.33%, 87.45%, 90.10%, and 91.25% on ACC, AUC, SEN, and SPE, respectively. Significance. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively learn the discriminative and diverse features to discriminate subtle differences between different types of CNV. And accurate classification of CNV plays an auxiliary role in clinical treatmen.
Tribological behaviour of ZA/ZrB2
in situ composites using response surface methodology and artificial neural network
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Gautam Gaurav , Singh Aman , Singh Vinay , Mohan Sunil , Mohan Anita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent advancement in metal matrix composites shows the reduction in resource and energy consumption through improvement in tribological properties. However, statistical modelling helps to achieve the material efficiency through optimizing experimental parameters. This study focuses on developing a statistical modelling to predict the tribological behaviour of ZA/ZrB2
in situ composites. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using Response surface methodology (RSM) by Design expert 13 software which was suggested the use of quadratic model and the regression equation was developed. Varying load, sliding distance, and volume % of ZrB2 as input parameters and wear and coefficient of friction (COF) as response parameters were utilized in RSM. Results indicate that the volume % of ZrB2 is the main contributing parameter for wear while for COF, load is the main contributing factor. Artificial neural network (ANN) developed using PYTHON was also employed to validate the optimized parameters for wear and COF suggested by RSM. Experimental results and statistical analysis results obtained from RSM and ANN show the close tolerance and thus suggest a significant model that envisages the tribological characteristics of alloy and composites. Regression equation could be successfully utilized to predict the wear and COF at any given set of input variables based on applications.
Microstructure and corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on the surface of conventional and selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Khorasanian Mehdi , Yeganeh Mahdi , Zaree Seyed Reza Alavi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation was carried out on conventional and selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy in electrolytes with different concentrations of sodium hexametaphosphate. Microstructure and chemical analysis of the surface and cross section of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was carried out to evaluate the phase analysis of the specimens. Corrosion behavior of the specimens was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the coatings were mainly composed of titanium dioxide. When sodium hexametaphosphate was added to the electrolyte, phosphorus was incorporated into the coatings and the morphology of the coatings was altered to a non-uniform one with large pores and cracks. Corrosion studies confirmed that the coatings on the conventional alloy show higher corrosion resistance, mainly due to the formation of denser coatings with lower porosities. Addition of 1 and 2 g l−1 sodium hexamethaphosphate to the electrolyte lead to the change in impedance modulus of the coated conventionally produced samples from 83 KΩ.cm2 (for the sample coated without sodium hexametaphosphate) to 85 and 146 KΩ.cm2, respectively. On the other hand, these values for the coated selective melted specimens were 80 (for the sample coated without sodium hexametaphosphate) to 23 and 1.5 KΩ.cm2, respectively. Ate the same time, the values of charge transter resistance for the coated conventional samples were 105, 102, and 201 KΩ.cm2, while the equivalent values for the selective laser melted specimens were 135, 51, and 4.1 KΩ.cm2.
An algorithm for the labeling and interactive visualization of the cerebrovascular system of ischemic strokes
Authors: Thamm Florian , Jürgens Markus , Taubmann Oliver , Thamm Aleksandra , Rist Leonhard , Ditt Hendrik , Maier Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the diagnosis of ischemic strokes, the Circle of Willis and its surrounding vessels are the arteries of interest. Their visualization in case of an acute stroke is often enabled by Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Still, the identification and analysis of the cerebral arteries remain time consuming in such scans due to a large number of peripheral vessels which may disturb the visual impression. We propose VirtualDSA++, an algorithm designed to segment and label the cerebrovascular tree on CTA scans. Especially with stroke patients, labeling is a delicate procedure, as in the worst case whole hemispheres may not be present due to impeded perfusion. Hence, we extended the labeling mechanism for the cerebral arteries to identify occluded vessels. In the work at hand, we place the algorithm in a clinical context by evaluating the labeling and occlusion detection on stroke patients, where we have achieved labeling sensitivities comparable to other works between 92% and 95%. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work to address labeling and occlusion detection at once, whereby a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 81% were obtained for the latter. VirtualDSA++ also automatically segments and models the intracranial system leading to further processing possibilities. We present the generic concept of iterative systematic search for pathways on all nodes of said model, which enables new interactive features. Exemplary, we derive in detail, firstly, the interactive planning of vascular interventions like the mechanical thrombectomy and secondly, the interactive suppression of vessel structures that are not of interest in diagnosing strokes (like veins). We discuss both features as well as further possibilities emerging from the proposed concept.
Structures and jurisdictions
Authors: Zelden Charles L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores and explains the workloads, structures, and powers of American courts. While noting the differences that exist between how different states set up and name their court systems, it argues that all American courts can be classified by their function and jurisdictional powers into four categories. These include trial courts of lesser jurisdiction, trial courts of general jurisdiction, intermediate appellate courts, and appellate courts of last resort. The chapter then defines and explores the concept of jurisdiction, or the powers of a court to rule on specific matters and over specific litigants, linking jurisdiction to court structures and powers. Last, it discusses the complexities that federalism—split governing authority between states and the federal government—has in these matters.
Ivan Pavlov: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Todes Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) is famous for his Nobel Prize–winning studies of digestion and, especially, his investigations of conditional reflexes, through which he attempted to understand and ease the “torments” of human consciousness. Based on rich archival materials, this work provides a uniquely rich and readable introduction to his life and work. The book follows Pavlov from his youth as a provincial seminarian to his scientific studies, traumas, and professional success in the glittering capital of St. Petersburg through world war and two revolutions, international celebrity status, and his complex relationship with the Bolsheviks under Lenin and Stalin. Exploring Pavlov’s quest to constrain the psyche within mechanistic law, the work explains his innovative experimental techniques and approach, discusses his interpretive practices as a physiologist, reveals the personalities and importance of his favorite experimental dogs, and analyzes his important, but little-known, experiments on chimpanzees. The work ends with a discussion of the two manuscripts on which Pavlov labored during his last days, which reveal the relationship between the great scientist’s work and his psychological drive for certainty amid the unforeseeable calamities in life and express his final thoughts about the relationship between science, Christianity, and Communism.
Year of climaxes
Authors: Todes Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The International Congress of Physiology, convened in Russia in August 1935, was for Pavlov a dream come true. He was hailed by the gathering as the Prince of World Physiology and foreign colleagues marveled at Russia’s new scientific facilities and cadres. Deeply moved, he publicly praised Soviet leaders as “great social experimenters.” Yet, as he told Molotov, their “social experiment” was “terribly expensive” and its results were unknown. The original purpose of his Institute of Experimental Genetics of Higher Nervous Activity (Koltushi) was to produce through selective breeding animals with an improved nervous system “for the use and glory first and foremost of my homeland.” Research began in 1928, but soon bogged down. From summer 1933, Pavlov was preoccupied with chimps Roza and Rafael. He observed that, unlike a dog confined to an experimental stand, mobile chimps engaged objects multidimensionally—generating associations that could not be explained as conditional reflexes.
Final reflections
Authors: Todes Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During his last winter at Koltushi, Pavlov struggled over two manuscripts. In “Psychology as a Science,” he changed his long-standing view that the physiological conditional reflex was synonymous with the psychologists’ association. The two were physiologically distinct, generated different kinds of knowledge, and combined in a cortical “mosaic of associations.” He now prepared his lab to study these dynamics. He also labored over an essay criticizing official atheism. He criticized the “barbaric repression” of religion, which relieved the most painful dimension of life—the constant threat of the uncontrollable and unexpected. Science, he uncharacteristically conceded, could not now protect people against the unforeseeable in life, but religion did so by providing an ideal of behavior, personified by Jesus, “who embodied the greatest of all human truths, the truth of the equality of all people.” Here, perhaps, resided a promising commonality between Christianity and Communism. Time, he concluded, would tell.
When we need others to accomplish something
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces different contexts of negotiation, with examples, including international, diplomatic, business, legal, interpersonal, family, and employment to demonstrate the key concepts of negotiation: the behavioral interaction of two or more people in which they must deal with or bargain with others to accomplish something. Different perspectives on competitive and individual gain or joint and collaborative models of negotiation are presented. This chapter introduces the multi-disciplinarity of negotiation analysis and behavior—the science and the art of negotiation derived from game theory, psychology, sociology, political science, law, decision sciences, and planning. The chapter outlines the constituent chapters of the book, some conceptual, others behavioral.