bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Optimisation of Plasma Spraying Using Statistical Modelling
Authors: Zhang T. , Liu B. , Bao Y. , Gawne D.T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Plasma-sprayed coatings are formed by the impact and accumulation of feedstock particles with random sizes, temperatures and velocities on the surface of a substrate. The simulation results obtained for a single particle are not able to represent the behaviour of the feedstock in the process. A statistical analysis is required to describe this stochastic behaviour and in this research, the Monte-Carlo method was used to simulate the particles in the plasma jet. Parcels of groups of particles based on the particle size distribution were employed to provide a simplified and mathematically tractable representation of real feedstock powders. The distributions of particle temperature, velocity and trajectory were directly linked to the particle size distribution and the injection conditions occurring in practice. The statistical approach enables the prediction of the mean value and standard deviation of particle temperature, particle velocity and deposition impact position. The influence of particle-injection velocity, injection position and plasma parameters on the quality of the coatings was studied. The research shows how statistical techniques can be used to control and optimise the plasma-spray process.
A Systems Approach for Analyzing Structure-Property Relationships in Thermal Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Kharlamov Yu.A. , Kharlamov M.Y. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The short description of traditional methods of thermal sprayed coatings (TSC) structure characterization is given. The main parameters of structure and physico-mechanical properties of TSC, which influenced on their wear resistance are considered. The system approach for analyses of structure of TSC and the scheme of TSC properties prediction is proposed. The classification of structure levels of wear resistant coatings, obtained by thermal spraying, and models of their elements are proposed. The advisability of use of methods of structure-simulation modeling of TSC is shown.
Prediction of Coating Microstructure
Authors: Xue M. , Mostaghimi J. , Chandra S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a three-dimensional stochastic model is extended to simulate the thermal spray coating process from droplet impact to coating formation on a solid surface. Process parameters of molten droplets landing on the substrate are generated randomly by assuming that these properties follow normal distributions with user-specified means and standard deviations; an empirical correlation is applied to relate particle velocity V to diameter D and Temperature T. Splat sizes after droplet impact are calculated from an analytical model and previous rules of droplets interactions are improved. Porosity is assumed to be caused by the curl-up of splats as a result of thermal stresses. We use a Cartesian grid to define the computational domain and to track the shape and position of the deposited coating. The surface of the coating and the location of pores within it are specified using a variable known as the “volume fraction”. The model is capable of predicting the variation of coating porosity, average thickness and roughness as a function of process parameters. Simulated predictions agree with experimental observation.
Computational Heat Transfer and Phase Change in Composite (Metal/Ceramic) Particle Immersed in a Plasma Pool
Authors: Bouneder M. , El Ganaoui M. , Pateyron B. , Fauchais P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present work deals with numerical simulations based on a computational heat transfer model for spherical composite particles typically used under plasma conditions. Results describe heat transfer in mono and two layers steel/alumina particles immersed in an uniform infinite plasma. Time dependent behaviours interacting with phase change occurrence and taking into account the contact quality between the two layers are considered.
Process Analysis of Plasma Spraying of Recycled PET Based on a Heat Balance Model
Authors: Kanazawa Tomomi , Takahashi Yasuo , Ohmori Akira 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the present study, waste PET bottle was used as a recycled PET plate substrate for plasma spraying. The plasma spraying process to PET was analyzed by a heat balance model during the plasma spraying for the purpose of determining the optimal spraying condition. It was found that Cu and TiO2 powders could be coated on the surface of recycled PET plate. The implantation of Cu and TiO2 particles into the PET substrate was sometimes observed under a certain spray conditions. Both kinds of Cu and TiO2 particles retained their original spherical shape. Cu coatings were formed when almost copper particles were melted to 1780 K greater than the melting point of Cu. In anatase TiO2 spraying process, heat input to anatase particles adhered to PET was much less than that to adhered rutile particles so that anatase TiO2 could be coated on PET plates. Heat input during plasma spraying is, therefore, very important for endowing wasted PET materials with a new function by plasma spraying of metal and ceramics such as Cu and TiO2. Although the idea about the heat balance is very simple, the analysis is useful for optimizing the spraying process of PET.
In Situ Measurement of Sprayed Ceramics Particles and Supercooling Effects on Splat Morphology
Authors: Shinoda K. , Yamada A. , Koseki T. , Yoshida T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It has been said that plasma-sprayed ceramics particles are often supercooled before the impact on substrate. Some numerical models of the droplet impact actually included the supercooling effects. However, there is no report that has experimentally confirmed the effects on splat morphology. Therefore, in this research, we have mainly investigated the supercooling effects on splat morphology as well as splat microstructure. To achieve this, we developed an in-situ measurement technique utilizing radiation from a melt particle to monitor the impact of single particle successively under plasma spraying. The system was able to identify each single particle, which enabled us to correlate the splat morphology with impact velocity and thermal history of each particle during the impact. Yttria-stabilized zirconia powders were sprayed onto quartz glass substrate by the argon-hydrogen dc-rf hybrid plasma under atmospheric pressure. Waveforms of emissions and thermal history obtained during the impact were precisely analyzed. Especially, we closely examined thermal history during particle spreading to find the recalescence. In addition, splat morphologies were examined statistically in relation to their thermal histories. Based on the measurement, we also evaluated the viscosity of zirconia, cooling rate, and thermal contact resistance experimentally.
Tribological Behaviour of Thermally Sprayed Ceramic Coatings in Contact with 100Cr6 Steel at High Temperatures
Authors: Abdel-Samad Abdou , Lugscheider E. , Bobzin K. , Maes M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wear and friction properties of aluminium titanate, zirconium silicate and magnesium zirconate atmospheric plasma sprayed ceramic (APS) coatings in contact with 100Cr6 steel were investigated under dry sliding conditions as a function of high temperature. The tribological tests were performed at different temperatures varying from 20 °C up to 800 °C using an High Temperature Ball on Disk Tribometer. The wear scar diameters of the 100Cr6 steel ball were measured by optical micrograph. The cross sections of the worn ceramic coated disks were determined with a Laser Profilometer. Results show that as a result of the higher temperature (up to 400 °C), the material yields more readily (softening effects ) and so adhesion is the dominant wear mechanism. For hybrid bearing, operating temperature of about of 200 °C must therefore be avoided.
Erosion Mechanism of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Depending on Shape and Hardness of Particles
Authors: Yoshida Mitsugu , Tani Kazumi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Particulate erosion tests were conducted on coatings of heat/wear resistant materials (Cr3C2-NiCr (HVOF), Fe-Cr–Mn-B-Si (Arc spray), Fe-Cr-B-Si (HVOF)) and comparing materials (stainless steel, carbon steel). The erosion test was given under comparatively mild test conditions such as catalyst impinging in consideration of actual plants. In the previous paper, the particle erosion mechanism on using angular particulate erodent has been conjectured that it was similar to a cutting phenomenon of grinding process between the particle and surfaces with plastic/elastic properties. As the shape of erodent is an important factor as well as hardness of erodent and surfaces, the particulate erosion properties were investigated using three types erodent (angular/spherical silica and angular alumina). The materials of erodent were selected commercially available silica-filler and alumina grit. The erosion wastage depends on the shape and hardness of the particles. We considered the erosion mechanism of thermally sprayed coatings and metal materials depending on the shape and hardness of erodent.
Effect of Micro Pores on Deformation Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Waki H. , Takeuchi K. , Nishikawa I. , Ogura K. , Kobayashi H. , Ohmori A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is very important to clarify the characteristic deformation behaviors of thermal barrier coatings. Monotonic and cyclic deformation behaviors of thermal barrier coatings under uniaxial compressive loading were examined. Specimens of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-8%Y2O3 and CoNiCrAlY were fabricated to test the coating materials independent of the substrates. The specimen was fabricated by dissolving out the substrate only at the region of gauge length. Thicknesses of the coatings were 300 μm. The stress-strain response was measured using the laser speckle strain / displacement gauge (SSDG). ZrO2-8%Y2O3 coating showed the nonlinear stress-strain response with a considerably lower elastic modulus which value was about 10% of sintering ceramics. The coating was found to leave permanent strain by compressive loading: the compliance of the coating decreased by compressive loading. The compliance was also found to decrease furthermore by undergoing cyclic compressive load. On the contrary, CoNiCrAlY coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying was found to show the stress-strain response with insignificant nonlinearity. The compliance of the stress-strain curve didn’t also decrease with increasing the number of compressive stress cycles. It was found that coating with many defects and pores showed stress-strain response with large nonlinearity.
Chip-Scale Packages and Their Failure Analysis Challenges
Authors: Li Susan X. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chip-scale packages (CSPs) make efficient use of space on PCBs, but their small size, multilevel stacking arrangements, and complex interconnects present serious challenges when it comes to testing and failure analysis. This article describes some of the problems encountered when dealing with various types of CSPs and provides practical solutions based on the tools and techniques available in most FA labs. It discusses the causes and effects of package and die related failures and walks readers through the steps involved in decapsulating plastic FBGA packages using conventional etching, polishing, and milling techniques.
Incorporating Comparative TDR into the Device Analysis Flow
Authors: Bethke David , Seifert Wayland 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is widely used to measure the electrical length of conductors. It has also proven useful for isolating failures in ICs. This article describes a variation of the method, called comparative TDR, that overcomes inherent timing limitations and simplifies use. It discusses the basic hardware requirements of the new technique and presents examples demonstrating its use on opens and shorts in ceramic flip-chip packages.
Literary Translation Into English of Peter Khuzangai’s Poem “The Poet”
Authors: Vasilyeva Svetlana Nikolaevna , Gordeeva Anna Veniaminovna 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the article is to present a literary translation into English of P. Khuzangay’s poem «A Poet» and to make a comprehensive analysis of it. The object of the study is the text of P. Khuzangay’s poem «A Poet» and the literary translation of S. N. Vasilyeva «A Poet». The novelty of the work lies in the fact that a literary translation and a comprehensive analysis of this poem were carried out for the first time. Based on the methods of analytical reading, theoretical analysis of literature, search, contextual analysis, comparative analysis, the language of the work (morphology, syntax, vocabulary, style) is considered and the relationship between the ideological and artistic conception of the poem with its linguistic features is revealed. The methods used in the process of literary translation made it possible to preserve the idea of the poem, the features of the composition and to select the appropriate means of artistic expression. In the work of P. Khuzangay, the philosophical problem of the poet's destiny and his work is touched upon. The composition of the poem is three-part, the size is a three-foot trochee with cross-rhyming throughout the entire poem, the intonation is narrative. The translation was made using the technique of rhetorical exclamation. The temporal organization is interesting: throughout the poem, verbs are transmitted in the present tense. The translation is dominated by complex sentences. As a rule, a stanza corresponds to one sentence. Alliteration and assonance are used to enhance sound expressiveness and achieve speech imagery.
Os modos de dizer em dois spots publicitários sobre Fake News
Authors: Lopes Paulo Fernando de Carvalho 
Published: July 2022

Resumo: Este artigo analisa os modos de dizer (Pinto, 2002) em dois spots de uma campanha publicitária produzidos pela Rádio Câmara sobre fake news. O objetivo é identificar como os enunciadores através dos modos de dizer construíram o referente fake news; estabeleceram vínculos socioculturais com os ouvintes ao interpelá-los sobre o tema e quais afetos distribuídos. Os spots procuram convencer os ouvintes sobre a importância de não divulgar informações sem antes checar.
PENGARUH BEBAN LALU LINTAS TERHADAP KERUSAKAN PERKERASAN JALAN GUBERNUR SARKAWI KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Lestari Utami Sylvia , Permatasari Rosa Phety 
Published: July 2022

Saat ini pertumbuhan penduduk semakin pesat dan tentunya akan berbanding lurus dengan pertumbuhan kebutuhan transportasi. Pada saat yang sama, perlu dipastikan bahwa infrastruktur pendukung penggunaan transportasi dalam keadaan baik, jika tidak maka aktivitas pengguna transportasi akan hancur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan volume lalulintas, skor kerusakan jalan dan beban standar (CESA5) terhadap kerusakan pada ruas Jalan Gubernur Sarkawi. Metode Bina Marga merupakan metode yang akan digunakan, yang mana dengan menggunakan analisis regresi dan korelasi, sehingga untuk mendapatkan hubungan tersebut dengan nilai rdan yang menunjukkan besarnya pengaruh antara tingkat kerusakan jalan dengan volume lalu lintas dan beban lalu lintas. Dari analisa yang dilakukan mendapatkan hubungan antara volume lalu lintas per jenis kendaraan dan beban standar terhadap kerusakan jalan, sehingga dari analisa yang dilakukan mendapatkan hubungan terkuat adalah untuk jenis kendaraan mobil penumpang dan kendaraan ringan terhadap jenis kerusakan jalan dengan nilai r sebesar 0,2179, untuk jenis kendaraan 5B (bus besar) terhadap jenis kerusakan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,2184, untuk jenis kendaraan 6A (truk 4 roda 2 sumbu), untuk jenis kendaraan 6B (truk 2 sumbu 6 roda) terhadap jenis kerusakan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,6436, untuk jenis kendaraan 7A1 (truk 3 sumbu) terhadap jenis kerusakan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,2074, untuk jenis kendaraan 7C1 (truk 4 sumbu) terhadap jenis kerusakan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,4498, untuk jenis kendaraan 7C2A (truk 5 sumbu tandem) terhadap jenis kerusakan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,7432 dan untuk LHR (smp/jam) terhadap kerusakan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,8787. Sedangkan untuk hubungan beban standar (CESA5) terhadap skor kerusakan jalan mendapatkan nilai r sebesar 0,7263. Dari analisa yang dilakukan untuk jenis kendaraan yang berpengaruh adalah kendaraan 7C2A (truk 5 sumbu tandem) dengan intepretasi kuat dan untuk beban standar mendapatkan nilai kuat hal ini dikarenakan beban kendaraan yang melewati jalan tersebut secara berulang.
HUBUNGAN ABNORMALITAS DENGAN KADAR ANTIOKSIDAN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) PADA TINGKAT PENGENCER DAN LAMA SIMPAN SEMEN MENTOG DI SUHU KAMAR
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Yuniati Erna , Zakir M. Irwan 
Published: July 2022

Kualitas semen setelah penampungan mengalami penurunan apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh hubungan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) dengan abnormalitas dalam tingkat pengencer dan lama simpan pada semen mentog yang di suhu kamar. Mentog yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 4 ekor ternak entog jantan berumur sekitar 1,5 – 2 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode eksperimental dengan Split Plot pola petak terbagi. Faktor pertama sebagai Petak Utama adalah tingkat pengencer yaitu 0(A0); 5 X(A1);10X(A2) dan 15X (A3), faktor kedua sebagai Anak Petak adalah lama simpan 0(B0); 60 (B1); 120 (B2) dan 180 menit yang disimpan pada suhu kamar. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut bahwa pada Tingkat pengenceran dan lama simpan semen di suhu kamar mentog tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap abnormalitas dan aktivitas Superoxida Dismutase (SOD).
Efficacy and Moderators of Virtual Reality for Cognitive Training in People with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Papaioannou Themis , Voinescu Alexandra , Petrini Karin , Stanton Fraser Danaë 
Published: July 2022

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia result in cognitive decline which can negatively impact everyday functional abilities and quality of life. Virtual reality (VR) interventions could benefit the cognitive abilities of people with MCI and dementia, but evidence is inconclusive. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of VR training on global and domain-specific cognition, activities of daily living and quality of life. To explore the influence of priori moderators (e.g., immersion type, training type) on the effects of VR training. Adverse effects of VR training were also considered. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on all major databases for randomized control trial studies. Two separate meta-analyses were performed on studies with people with MCI and dementia. Results: Sixteen studies with people with MCI and four studies with people with dementia were included in each meta-analysis. Results showed moderate to large effects of VR training on global cognition, attention, memory, and construction and motor performance in people with MCI. Immersion and training type were found to be significant moderators of the effect of VR training on global cognition. For people with dementia, results showed moderate to large improvements after VR training on global cognition, memory, and executive function, but a subgroup analysis was not possible. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that VR training is an effective treatment for both people with MCI and dementia. These results contribute to the establishment of practical guidelines for VR interventions for patients with cognitive decline.
Organized Registration for the Assessment of Dementia by the Nationwide General Consortium Toward Effective Treatment (ORANGE) Registry: Current Status and Perspectives of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tsujimoto Masashi , Suzuki Keisuke , Saji Naoki , Sakurai Takashi , Ito Kengo , Toba Kenji ,   Registry Study Group ORANGE
Published: July 2022

Background: With increasingly aging societies, a comprehensive strategy for dementia research is important. The Organized Registration for the Assessment of dementia by the Nationwide General consortium toward Effective treatment (ORANGE) Registry is the first longitudinal multicenter prospective trial-ready cohort in Japan. Objective: To establish a large cohort for use in clinical trials and research in Japan. Methods: This registry, based on communities, hospitals, and nursing homes, covers three dementia stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and advanced dementia), and includes more than 30 hospitals. We analyzed enrollment and 1-year follow-up data for disease progression. Results: There were 1450 registered patients (649 men, 801 women; mean age, 77.92±6.70 years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score, 25.19±2.76). The conversion rates from MCI to dementia and MCI to normal were 14.3% and 1.1%, respectively. High Clinical Dementia Rating score (odds ratio [OR] = 11.085, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.619–75.913, p = 0.014), low MMSE score (OR = 0.835, 95% CI: 0.761–0.917, p < 0.001), high Geriatric Depression Scale score (OR = 1.093, 95% CI: 1.005–1.189, p = 0.038), and low body mass index (OR = 0.895, 95% CI: 0.829–0.967, p = 0.005) at enrollment were significant factors for conversion. Conclusion: The ORANGE MCI Registry is an established registry that facilitates creation of trial-ready cohorts to accelerate promotion of clinical trials with low reversion rates as it originates from a hospital. One-year follow-up analysis suggested assessing various factors for conversion risk. Further analyses will be possible in future with registry expansion. We will continue to refine this registry, including how it can be used more efficiently.
Exercise Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment Adults Older Than 60: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Hui , Su Wenlong , Dang Hui , Han Kaiyue , Lu Haitao , Yue Shouwei , Zhang Hao 
Published: July 2022

Background: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) continues to increase due to population aging. Exercise has been a supporting health strategy that may elicit beneficial effects on cognitive function and prevent dementia. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic, resistance, and multimodal exercise training on cognition in adults aged > 60 years with MCI. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases and ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ) up to November 2021, with no language restrictions. We included all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of exercise programs on cognitive function with any other active intervention or no intervention in participants with MCI aged > 60 years. Results: Twelve RCTs were included in this review. Meta-analysis results revealed significant improvements in resistance training on measures of executive function ( p < 0.05) and attention ( p < 0.05); no significant differences were observed between aerobic exercise and controls on any of the cognitive comparisons. Conclusion: Exercise training had a small beneficial effect on executive function and attention in older adults with MCI. Larger studies are required to examine the effects of exercise and the possible moderators.