bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status and Influencing Factors of Social Media Addiction in Chinese Medical Care Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Luo Aijing , Kong Weitao , He Haiyan , Li Yuanyuan , Xie Wenzhao 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIn modern society, social media addiction (SMA) has become a serious problem in many countries, including China. Almost every medical care professional has their own social media account. They are also at risk for SMA, but no SMA studies in Chinese medical care professionals have been published. This study aims to investigate the status and influencing factors of SMA among Chinese medical care professionals.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 519 physicians and nurses from two randomly selected hospitals using a questionnaire that included the Social Networking Service Addiction Scale (SNSAS), Maslach’s Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and eight demographic datasets.ResultsThis study’s findings showed that most of the participants’ (357,68.79%) scores reached 2.5 points (half of the highest possible score), indicating that SMA scores of Chinese medical care professionals were relatively high. Significant differences in SMA scores by age (p &lt; 0.01), marital status (p &lt; 0.01), professional title (p &lt; 0.01), and working years (p &lt; 0.01) were found. Income satisfaction (p &lt; 0.01) and sleep quality (p &lt; 0.05) were negatively correlated with SMA. The GSES score was not correlated with SMA (p = 0.377). Burnout significantly positively affected SMA (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionOur study found that the SMA scores of Chinese medical care professionals were relatively high. To reduce the SMA level of the medical care population, we should first start with reducing burnout, enabling medical care professionals to achieve sufficient sleep, increasing medical staff income, and providing more opportunities for promotion.
Ethnic Disparity in the Incidence of Scoliosis Among Adolescents in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, China
Authors: Guo Haibin , Chen Nan , Yang Yuqi , Zhou Xuan , Li Xin , Jiang Yan , Huang Jiaoling , Du Qing 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the influence of ethnic disparities, socioeconomic status (SES) and hukou on the incidence of scoliosis.MethodsWe enrolled 2,445 junior high school students (Han: 1,153; ethnic minorities: 1,292) aged 12–16 years from two schools in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from November 2020 to February 2021. We measured the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) using a scoliometer. Two-factor analysis of variance was used to comparatively analyze differences in the ATR according to ethnicity, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and SES between the groups. Associations between risk factors and scoliosis were estimated using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with an unconditional multivariate logistic regression model for the two groups.ResultsAdolescents with Han ethnicity were more likely to have scoliosis than their ethnic minority counterparts (10.8% vs. 7.1%, P &lt; 0.05). The ATR value in the Han group decreased with age whereas the minority group showed an upward trend (P &lt; 0.05). The difference between ethnic groups was not significant, only at level 3. In particular, the ATR values among Han girls were significantly higher than those of ethnic minority girls (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with Han adolescents, the BMI of ethnic minorities had a greater impact on the ATR. A statistically significant difference in SES was found between the two ethnic groups (P &lt; 0.05). Hukou and parents' occupation had an important influence on the onset of scoliosis.ConclusionsHan adolescents had higher ATR values and were more likely to have scoliosis than ethnic minority adolescents in our study. Growth and development indicators (height and BMI) and differences in SES between the two groups played an important role.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Toward Prevention of COVID-19 Among Jimma Town Residents: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bukata Iyasu Tadesse , Dadi Lelisa Sena , Ayana Andualem Mossie , Mengistu Demelash , Yewal Delnesa , Gizaw Tariku Sime , Woldesenbet Yohannes Markos 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported by the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019, and later, it was declared a global pandemic on 12 March 2020. To date, it is a great challenge to the world including Ethiopia. Therefore, to attain effective prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, improving the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community is necessary.ObjectiveTo assess, knowledge, attitudes, and practice, and associated factors of COVID-19 among Jimma Town residents.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,500 Jimma town residents from May through June 2020. Adults aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was adopted from different literature. A face-to-face interview was implemented to collect data. Analysis was done by using SPSS version 22. p &lt; 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultA total of 1,500 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority of the respondents were female (59.3%). About 841 (56.1%) of the participants had knowledge about COVID-19. Educational status, household wealth index, and employment showed association with knowledge of COVID-19. Government-owned television (37.3%) was the primary source of information about COVID-19 in the Jimma population. Only 46.6% of respondents had good attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and about 638 (42.5%) of the study participants had good practice toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 1.98 (± 0.319). Study participants who were residing in the outskirts of the town were 0.37 less likely to apply good practice regarding COVID-19 prevention measures than those around the center of the town. Whereas, households with a family size of four to five individuals were 1.4 times more likely to show good practice against COVID-19 compared to households with ≤3 individuals (AOR: 1.41; CI: 1.05, 1.91).ConclusionJimma town community has low knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding COVID-19 are significantly related to educational status, being self-employed, occupation, marital status, residence, family size, and household relative wealth index. Preventive health advisories to upraise knowledge, attitude, and practice are crucial to prevent and control COVID-19.
Work Stress, Health Status and Presenteeism in Relation to Task Performance Among Chinese Medical Staff During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jia Huanhuan , Shang Panpan , Gao Shang , Cao Peng , Yu Jianxing , Yu Xihe 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the direct effects of work stress, health status and presenteeism on task performance, and further explore the mediating effects of health status and presenteeism, hoping to provide theoretical basis for improving the performance of medical staff.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among medical staff in Jilin Province, Northeast China. The Challenge and Hindrance-Related Self-Reported Stress scale, Short Form-8 Health Survey scale, Stanford Presenteeism Scale and Task Performance Scale were adopted to assess the work stress, health status, presenteeism and task performance of medical staff.ResultsA total of 4,347 questionnaires were distributed among medical staff, and 4261 were valid, for an effective rate of 98.02%. The mean scores for work stress, health status, presenteeism and task performance were 2.05 ± 0.84, 4.18 ± 0.68, 2.15 ± 0.79 and 4.49 ± 0.64, respectively. The ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences in the task performance scores between different genders, ages, marital statuses, professional titles, departments and work years (P &lt; 0.05). Work stress (β = −0.136, P &lt; 0.001) and presenteeism (β = −0.171, P &lt; 0.001) were negative predictors of task performance. Health status (β = 0.10; P &lt; 0.001) was positive predictor of task performance. Health status (β = −0.070; P &lt; −0.001) and presenteeism (β = −0.064; P &lt; 0.001) mediated the relationship between work stress and task performance (P &lt; 0.001). Presenteeism mediated the relationship between health status and task performance (β = 0.07; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWork stress and presenteeism had significant negative impact on the task performance of medical staff; health status had a significant positive effect on task performance. Meanwhile, health status and presenteeism played a mediating role in the relationship between work stress and task performance, and presenteeism played a mediating role in the relationship between health status and task performance. Reasonable assignment of tasks can reduce the work stress, but to improve the performance of medical staff, we should pay more attention on improving health, such as making health-related safeguard measures, raising awareness, building a platform, etc.
The Feasibility of a Web-Based Educational Lifestyle Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bevens William , Weiland Tracey J. , Gray Kathleen , Neate Sandra L. , Nag Nupur , Simpson-Yap Steve , Reece Jeanette , Yu Maggie , Jelinek George A. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundModifiable lifestyle factors are important to aid people with multiple sclerosis in the self-management of their disease. Current self-management programs are limited by their face-to-face mode of delivery but there is immense potential with the internet to deliver these programs effectively.ObjectiveThe aims of this study are to assess the feasibility of a digitalized educational lifestyle self-management program for people with MS.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, people with MS were randomly allocated to participate in a 6-week tailored web-based educational lifestyle program or 6-week generic standard-care educational course, and were blinded to their allocation. Participants were recruited through multiple sclerosis (MS) Societies in four countries: Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. The primary outcome was to assess acceptability of the program defined as percentage completion of all modules at 6-weeks post-course commencement. Secondary outcomes included evaluating participant responses to the follow-up survey across three domains: accessibility, learnability, and desirability.ResultsThirty-five participants from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US completed the baseline survey and were randomized. Four participants were deemed ineligible due to incomplete baseline data; therefore, nine out of 15 and eight out of 16 participants completed 100% of the course in the intervention and standard-care arm courses, respectively.ConclusionsThis study found that this web-based educational lifestyle program is a feasible means of delivering educational content to people with MS via the internet according to our a priori targets of &gt;40% of participants in the intervention arm, and &gt;25% in the control arm to completing 100% of the course. It is therefore appropriate to evaluate this intervention further in a large, randomized controlled trial.Trial registrationThis study was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ID: ACTRN12621000245897).
Secondary Distribution of HIV Self-Testing Kits to Social and Sexual Networks of PLWH in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A Brief Report
Authors: Sithole Nsika , Koole Olivier , Sausi Kombi , Krows Meighan , Schaafsma Torin , Van Heerden Alastair , Shahmanesh Maryam , van Rooyen Heidi , Celum Connie , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Shapiro Adrienne E. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo reach 95% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) knowing their HIV status, alternative testing approaches such as HIV self-testing (HIVST) and secondary HIVST kit distribution are needed. We investigated if secondary HIVST kit distribution from male and female PLWH in South Africa would successfully lead to their contacts testing for HIV and linking to care if positive.MethodsMale and female PLWH participating in an HIV treatment trial between July and November 2018 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were offered participation as “HIVST kit distributors” in a pilot of secondary distribution of HIVST kits to give to sexual partners and social networks. Univariate descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of volunteer distributors, proportion of HIVST recipients who reported their results, and linkage to care among those who tested positive using HIVST were assessed.ResultsSixty-three participant kit distributors accepted kits to disperse to contacts, of whom 52% were female, median age was 34 years (IQR 26-42.5), 84% reported 1 sexual partner and 76% did not know their partner's HIV status. HIVST kit distributors took 218 kits, with 13/218 (6%) of kits reported to be intended to be given to a sexual partner. A total of 143 HIVST recipients reported their HIVST results; 92% reported their results were negative, 11 recipients reported positive results and 1 HIVST-positive recipient was linked to HIV care.ConclusionSecondary distribution of HIVST to social networks and sexual partners from South African PLWH is feasible, with two thirds of contacts reporting use of the HIVST kits. Additional support is necessary to facilitate linkage to care.
Associations Between Wearing Masks and Respiratory Viral Infections: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Yiming , Wang Yuelin , Quan Ningbin , Yang Jun , Wu Yinyin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundRespiratory viral infections (RVIs) are a major health concern, and some previous studies have shown that wearing masks was effective in preventing RVIs, while others failed to show such effect. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of wearing masks.MethodsPubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database) were searched for studies evaluating the effectiveness of wearing masks. The risk ratio (RR) was used to measure the effectiveness of wearing masks in preventing RVIs for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, and the odds ratio (OR) was used for case-control studies. Forest plots were used to visually assess pooled estimates and corresponding 95% CIs. TheI2test was used to examine the heterogeneity, and subgroup analysis was used to explore the possible explanations for heterogeneity or compare the results between subgroups. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess robustness of the synthesized results. Begg's test and Egger's test were used to assess the publications bias.ResultsThirty-one studies (13,329 participants) were eligible for meta-analyses. Overall, the results showed that wearing masks was effective in preventing RVIs. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results of those meta-analyses were robust and reliable. There was no significant publication bias in meta-analysis of case-control studies and most subgroup analyses.ConclusionsWearing masks might be effective in preventing RVIs. To reduce their RVI risk, people should wear masks when they go out in public.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021296092.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Antibiotics on Scrub Typhus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lu Dafeng , Wang Taiwu , Luo Zhenghan , Ye Fuqiang , Qian Jiaojiao , Zhang Jinhai , Wang Chunhui 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTo explore the efficacy and safety of drugs in patients with scrub typhus.MethodsFor this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data (WF) up to December 2021. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antibiotics used to treat scrub typhus were included without language or date restrictions. The overall effectiveness was evaluated from 4 perspectives: cure rate (CR), defervescence time (DT), gastrointestinal symptoms–adverse events (GS-AD), and abnormal blood count–adverse events (ABC-AD). The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE system.ResultsSixteen studies involving 1,582 patients were included to evaluate 7 drugs, namely, azithromycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, rifampin, moxifloxacin, and telithromycin. In this network meta-analysis, rifampicin (82%) and chloramphenicol (65%) were more effective in terms of CR, and moxifloxacin (3%) from the quinolone family was the worst. Azithromycin caused the fewest events in terms of ABC-AD. No differences were found in this network meta-analysis (NMA) in terms of DT and GS-AD.ConclusionsRifampicin was associated with the highest CR benefit and the lowest risk of DT when used to treat patients with scrub typhus, except in areas where tuberculosis (TB) was endemic. Azithromycin was found to be better in CR and was associated with a lower probability of GS-AD and ABC-AD; therefore, it may be considered to treat pregnant women and children. Moxifloxacin had a much lower CR than other drugs and is, therefore, not recommended for the management of scrub typhus.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021287837.
Determining the Primary Sources of Uncertainty in Retrieval of Marine Remote Sensing Reflectance From Satellite Ocean Color Sensors
Authors: Gilerson Alexander , Herrera-Estrella Eder , Foster Robert , Agagliate Jacopo , Hu Chuanmin , Ibrahim Amir , Franz Bryan 
Published: April 2022

Uncertainties in the retrieval of the remote sensing reflectance, Rrs, from Ocean Color (OC) satellite sensors have a strong impact on the performance of algorithms for the estimation of chlorophyll-a, mineral concentrations, and inherent optical properties (IOPs). The uncertainties are highest in the blue bands. The total radiance measured at the top of the atmosphere captures the instantaneous state of the atmosphere-ocean system: the in-water conditions, sky and Sun glint reflected from the wind-roughened ocean surface, as well as light scattered from molecules and aerosols in the atmosphere. Each of these components has associated uncertainties, and when combined with the additional uncertainties from the instrument noise and the atmospheric correction process, they contribute to the total uncertainty budget for the retrieved Rrs. We analyzed the contribution of each component uncertainties to the total Rrs uncertainties in SNPP-VIIRS level 2 products, taking advantage of the spectral differences between the components. We examined multiple scenes in the open ocean and coastal waters at spatial resolutions ranging from 2250 to 5250 m by comparing the retrieved Rrs to in situ measurements made at several AERONET-OC sites and at the MOBY site. It was shown that uncertainties associated with the molecular (Rayleigh) scattering play the most significant role, while the contributions of other components are usually smaller. Uncertainties in Rayleigh scattering are primarily attributed to the variability of Rayleigh optical thickness (ROT) with a standard deviation of approximately 1.5% of ROT, which can largely explain the frequency of negative Rrs retrievals as observed using the current standard atmospheric correction process employed by NASA. Variability of the sky light reflected from the ocean surface in some conditions also contributed to uncertainties in the blue; water variability proportional to Rrs had a very pronounced peak in the green at coastal sites.
El Pronóstico de insolvencia financiera mediante el análisis discriminante múltiple para el sector automotriz de Tungurahua
Authors: Castillo Urco Christian Fabián , Raza Carrillo Diego Fabián 
Published: April 2022

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue evaluar el desempeño financiero que permitió proyectar la insolvencia, financiera mediante el análisis de discriminante múltiple en el sector automotriz de Tungurahua, los resultados fueron distribuidos en: área saludable, área gris (incerteza), área de quiebra. Se destacan 3 objetivos planteados: 1. Determinar los principales componentes del análisis de discriminante múltiple, 2. Diagnosticar la situación financiera del sector automotriz y 3. Adaptar las variables del modelo de riesgo de insolvencia. Se ha desarrollado una metodología basada en la combinación de investigaciones de tipo descriptiva y predictiva con enfoque cuantitativo a través del uso de indicadores. La población fue conformada por 29 empresas del sector, la muestra seleccionada fue fueron las empresas reguladas por la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros del Ecuador (SUPERCIAS) que en total son 5. Para el análisis cuantitativo, se utilizó 5 indicadores obtenidos de los balances financieros disponibles con acceso libre y gratuito en la página web de la SUPERCIAS con el fin de construir la ecuación . El pronóstico se realizó mediante regresión polinomial de segundo orden, los principales resultados obtenidos determinaron que tan solo 1 empresa se encuentra en zona saludable, pese a la crisis económica provocada por la pandemia del COVID-19. La principal conclusión fue que las empresas del sector automotriz de Tungurahua precisan de la utilización de herramientas financieras prácticas, a través del modelo Z de Altman,profundizando en el uso de las razones financieras dentro de la gestión administrativa, para ello, se debe orientar el análisis y toma de decisiones continuas en base a estas razones financieras reales y objetivos, con el fin de mitigar o reducir la exposición a los riesgos y retos del entorno interno y externo que enfrenta diariamente la industria en la actualidad.
Los valores desde el aula como mecanismo preventivo de conductas delictivas futuras
Authors: Conopoima Moreno Yeriny del Carmen 
Published: April 2022

Los valores son guías de la conducta humana, al erigirse en principios, formas de hacer y de ser de la persona, conduciéndolos al éxito o a la incursión de actos violatorios de reglas sociales, o de normas legales. Este panorama condujo a tener como objetivo general analizar los valores desde el aula como mecanismo preventivo de conductas delictivas futuras, considerando como objetivos específicos determinar la exposición de factores de riesgos que pueden impulsar la participación en hechos delictivos, y describir la influencia de la familia como generador de un sistema de valores que impida la incursión en conductas delictivas, ello con la finalidad de conocer la importancia de una educación en valores cuyo inicio sea el núcleo familiar y su reforzamiento esté en manos de la escuela. Para ello la metodología se enmarcó en una investigación cuantitativa, cuyo diseño fue de campo, de nivel analítico, de diseño no experimental, para lo cual se aplicó un cuestionario a 50 docentes que se desempeñan en distintos niveles de educación; vale decir desde la educación inicial hasta la universitaria en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Se concluye en la necesidad de retomar el papel que tiene la familia en el proceso formativo de los hijos, lo que incluye una formación en valores; de igual manera es básico, capacitar a los docentes en lo que respecta a la educación en valores, ya que lo que se trata de favorecer un ambiente tanto desde la esfera familiar como del contexto educativo, que permita que estos futuros adultos se desarrollen bajo la convicción de un comportamiento apoyados en valores positivos, para no incurrir en conductas delictivas. De allí la recomendación de fomentar en las instituciones educativas programas destinados a la difusión de valores, que incluyan esta temática en escuelas para padres.