bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of schizophrenia relapse definition on the comparative effectiveness of oral versus injectable antipsychotics: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Cristarella Tiffany , Castillon Genaro , Nepveu Jean‐François , Moride Yola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough relapse is an important outcome to measure the effectiveness of schizophrenia treatment, no standard definition exists. This review aimed at identifying definitions and measurements of schizophrenia relapse in observational studies of long‐acting injectables (LAIs) versus oral antipsychotics (OAPs) and at determining their impact on heterogeneity of comparative effectiveness estimates. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase (01 January 2010–11 November 2019 [date last searched]). Pragmatic searches of gray literature and snowballing were also conducted. Search outputs were screened independently by two assessors at first stage, and full‐text of potentially eligible sources at second stage. For each retained source, definition and measurement of relapse, study methods, and comparative effectiveness estimates were extracted. Heterogeneity of estimates was assessed using I2 statistic with a threshold of 50% for substantial heterogeneity. Literature search yielded 543 sources and pragmatic searches, 21, of which 35 were eligible. Twelve definitions of relapse were found based on hospitalization/emergency department (ED) data (28 studies) or clinical assessment (5 studies). No definition was provided in five studies. According to quantitative analyses, in studies defining relapse as schizophrenia‐related hospitalization and/or ED visits over 1‐year follow‐up, LAIs were significantly more effective than OAPs. For studies measuring relapse based on all‐cause hospitalization, heterogeneity was too high for pooling; yet this definition is the most frequently found in pooled estimates published in the literature. Schizophrenia relapse definitions led to substantial heterogeneity of comparative effectiveness estimates of LAIs versus OAPs. Creating study subgroups based on relapse definition effectively reduces statistical heterogeneity.
Airborne pollen can affect the abundance of predatory mites in vineyards: implications for conservation biological control strategies
Authors: Malagnini Valeria , Pozzebon Alberto , Facchin Paolo , Paganelli Arturo , Duso Carlo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe importance of pollen as alternative food for generalist phytoseiid mites occurring in vineyards has been investigated in northeastern Italy. We compared pollen and phytoseiid abundance in four vineyards and in plots located at different distance from flowering hop plants. Pollen (Carpinus betulus and Typha spp.) was sprayed onto the foliage to evaluate the potential impact of this food source on predatory mite abundance. Finally, grass management was investigated to analyze the effect of a reduced mowing frequency on predatory mite population densities.RESULTSArboreal pollen was found mostly during the spring and the grapevine blossoming period. Nonarboreal pollen dominated throughout the growing seasons. In vineyards, the abundance of Amblyseius andersoni, Kampimodromus aberrans, Phytoseius finitimus, Typhlodromus pyri eggs and motile forms increased after a phase of large pollen availability. Hop pollen promoted K. aberrans population increases in vineyards. Pollen applications increased predatory mite egg and motile form densities and similar effects were obtained by reducing mowing frequency in vineyards.CONCLUSIONPollen availability positively affects the biology of four phytoseiid species, promoting stable predatory mite populations in vineyards. However, natural pollen availability and predatory mite abundance often decrease in summer, and pollen supply can mitigate this trend. A higher pollen availability could be guaranteed by inserting hedges comprising species having scalar bloom, reducing mowing of inter‐row groundcover and spraying pollen. The presence of flowering plants surrounding vineyards and in their inter‐rows should be considered as a relevant factor to enhance the success of biocontrol tactics against phytophagous mites in viticulture.
Bootstrap control charts for quantiles based on log‐symmetric distributions with applications to the monitoring of reliability data
Authors: Leiva Víctor , Santos Rafael A. dos , Saulo Helton , Marchant Carolina , Lio Yuhlong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, a methodology to monitor a shift in the quantile of a distribution that is a member of the log‐symmetric family is proposed. Because the sampling distribution of a quantile estimator is often not available, the parametric bootstrap method is used to determine this sampling distribution and to establish the control limits when the process measurements follow a log‐symmetric distribution. The mentioned family is helpful for describing the behavior of data following a distribution with positive support and that is skewed to the right. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed bootstrap control charts for quantiles. An application regarding failure data due to stress on carbon fibers is presented for illustration when monitoring reliability data. This illustration shows that non‐conventional models, other than the Birnbaum‐Saunders, log‐normal and Weibull distributions, have potential to be used in practice. Two model selection procedures are considered to assess adequacy to the data. To facilitate the public use of the proposed methodology, we have created an R package named chartslogsym whose main functions are detailed in this paper.
Mass spectrometry based fragmentation patterns of nitrosamine compounds
Authors: Asare Shardrack O. , Hoskins Jessica N. , Blessing Richard A. , Hertzler Russell L. 
Published: January 2022

RationaleNitrosamines are a class of mutagenic substances that can display high carcinogenic potential. New chemical entities may have the potential to form unique nitrosamines specific to the drug substance. It is therefore essential to understand the gas‐phase fragmentation behavior of nitrosamine compounds to enable the development of analytical methods to characterize novel nitrosamine compounds.MethodsThe gas‐phase fragmentation behavior of eight model nitrosamine compounds representing the common substructures seen in many small molecule pharmaceutical compounds was studied with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). The fragmentation patterns of these compounds under various collision parameters available in commercially available mass spectrometers were studied.ResultsProtonated nitrosamine compounds produced diagnostic fragment ions upon MS/MS. Three primary structure‐dependent fragmentation pathways were observed. The first pathway involves the loss of 30 Da which corresponds to the loss of the NO radical from the protonated nitrosamine compound (Group 1). The second and third fragmentation pathways, which have not been reported for nitrosamine compounds, proceed via the loss of H2O from the protonated nitrosamine compound (Group 2), and elimination and a loss of 46 Da (loss of NH2NO) from the nitrosamine compound (Group 3).ConclusionsResults presented in this work provide an overview of the gas‐phase fragmentation patterns of nitrosamine compounds and may be useful in identifying novel nitrosamine compounds in complex matrices.
Normalized passivity control for robust tuning in real‐time hybrid tests
Authors: Peiris Lokukankanamge Dushyantha Hashan , Plummer Andrew R. , du Bois Jonathan L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReal‐time hybrid testing involves the separation of a system into an experimental component and a numerically simulated substructure which are coupled and run together. The coupling between substructures is achieved using actuators and force sensors which comprise the transfer system. Close synchronization is required between substructures for reliable hybrid testing. However, actuator lag may cause tracking errors and instability in hybrid tests. Existing lag compensation schemes require identification of the coupled dynamics of the transfer system and experimental component and can be sensitive to changes in these components. Passivity control is a technique intended to maintain stability without the need for system identification or assumptions about the actuators or test specimens. Yet, the tuning of existing passivity controllers is sensitive to both the system being tested and the amplitude and frequency range excited. This paper presents a new, normalized passivity controller which behaves well across a much broader range of operating conditions once tuned for a single‐test scenario. The proposed approach uses a virtual damping element on the numerical substructure to dissipate spurious power injected by the actuator into the system, based on the ratio of net power output to mean power throughput. The scheme has been shown to result in identical performance for a linear hybrid test with a range of step excitations from 0.5 mm up to 500 mm. The proposed method can be used to improve test stability and fidelity in isolation or alongside other compensation schemes to further improve performance.
Active fault tolerant control design using switching linear parameter varying controllers with inexact fault‐effect parameters
Authors: Che Junxing , Zhu Yanzheng , Zhou Donghua , He Xiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a novel active fault‐tolerant control (AFTC) design method is developed by using the switching linear parameter varying (LPV) controller with inexact fault‐effect parameters. The LPV controller is not only considered as a gain‐scheduled controller varying with the operating points, but also an AFTC controller varying with the fault‐effect parameters, which can be obtained via the fault estimator in real‐time. The inexact measurement of fault‐effect parameters is considered for the first time in this article. To cover large parameters variation, a class of switched LPV fault‐tolerant controller is designed to work in the multiple partitioned parameters subregions. The dynamic output feedback controller model is constructed to perform the switched LPV fault‐tolerant control task under the mode‐dependent average dwell time constraint. By using the multiple parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function approach, sufficient conditions with less conservatism are obtained, such that the corresponding closed‐loop systems are globally uniformly exponentially stable and satisfy an upper bound of weighted ‐gain performance indexes. Finally, effectiveness and applicability of the developed approaches are validated via an active magnetic bearing system.
Geomorphological change and rural settlement patterns: Study of the formation mechanisms of strip villages in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Tang Lian , Li Jiaying , Ding Wowo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a morphological type of rural settlement, the strip village, first defined by European scholars, is a typical research object that results from the interaction between human cultural activities and natural topographies. By mapping and the quantitative analysis of the village and water systems of three typical strip village samples in multiscale and multilayer, combined with an examination of historical documents, the specific roles of water construction, agricultural systems, land policies, and local living culture on the formation of the strip villages in Jiangsu, China were, analyzed. Based on the results, two main conclusions were drawn. First, the strip villages are distributed on relatively new lands along the rivers, lakes, and coasts, where the geometry of the dense water network is the result of the artificial construction of irrigation canals, with natural rivers providing only a large skeleton. This distinguishing feature of the formation mechanism of strip villages separates them from other village types. Second, a strong morphological correlation is between the strip villages and the artificial water system. Morphological differences in the strip villages are related to the structure and orientation of the water network, the density of the population, and the habits of the regional settlement. These results reveal the unique pattern of human–land relations during the period of large‐scale agricultural production in New China and provide a morphological basis for further rural regeneration and development.
Preserving data privacy when using multi‐site data to estimate individualized treatment rules
Authors: Danieli Coraline , Moodie Erica E. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrecision medicine is a rapidly expanding area of health research wherein patient level information is used to inform treatment decisions. A statistical framework helps to formalize the individualization of treatment decisions that characterize personalized management plans. Numerous methods have been proposed to estimate individualized treatment rules that optimize expected patient outcomes, many of which have desirable properties such as robustness to model misspecification. However, while individual data are essential in this context, there may be concerns about data confidentiality, particularly in multi‐center studies where data are shared externally. To address this issue, we compared two approaches to privacy preservation: (i) data pooling, which is a covariate microaggregation technique and (ii) distributed regression. These approaches were combined with the doubly robust yet user‐friendly method of dynamic weighted ordinary least squares to estimate individualized treatment rules. In simulations, we extensively evaluated the performance of the methods in estimating the parameters of the decision rule under different assumptions. The results demonstrate that double robustness is not maintained in data pooling setting and that this can result in bias, whereas the distributed regression provides good performance. We illustrate the methods via an analysis of optimal Warfarin dosing using data from the International Warfarin Consortium.
Development of a Topical Bacteriophage Gel Targeting Cutibacterium Acnes for Acne Prone Skin and Results of a Phase 1 Cosmetic Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Golembo M. , Puttagunta S. , Rappo U. , Weinstock E. , Engelstein R. , Gahali-Sass I. , Moses A. , Kario E. , Ben-Dor Cohen E. , Nicenboim J. , Ben David H. , Sudakov K. , Cohen A. , Bassan M. , Zak N. B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Topical antibiotics are frequently used to treat acne vulgaris. Their prolonged use, often for longer durations than recommended, has led to antibiotic resistance in Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a bacterium implicated in acne pathophysiology. Bacteriophage (phage), which specifically target C. acnes by a different mechanism of action and do not harm potentially beneficial bacteria, may offer an alternative approach for improvement of the appearance of acne prone skin.

Objectives
To identify and characterize C. acnes targeting phage, carry out a comprehensive preclinical safety evaluation of phages selected for further development and examine their safety, tolerability and ability to target facial C. acnes when applied topically in a cosmetic clinical study including participants with mild-to-moderate acne.

Methods
Phages were isolated by conventional microbiological methods also used to examine their breadth of host range on different C. acnes strains and specificity to this bacterial species. Safety assessment of three selected phages was carried out by complete genomic analysis to assure the absence of undesired sequences and by ex vivo models employed to evaluate the safety, irritability and potential systemic bioavailability of phage applied topically. A randomized, controlled clinical study assessed safety, tolerability and efficacy in targeting facial C. acnes.

Results
Wide host range phages that also target antibiotic resistant C. acnes were identified. Their genomes were shown to be free of undesired genes. The three-phage cocktail, BX001, was not irritant to human skin or ocular tissues in ex vivo models and did not permeate through human epidermis. In a cosmetic clinical study, topically applied BX001 was safe and well tolerated and reduced the facial burden of C. acnes.

Conclusions
Combined in silico and ex vivo approaches successfully predicted the observed safety and efficacy of C. acnes targeting phage when these were topically administered in a well-controlled cosmetic clinical study.
New Insight on K2Zn2V10O28 as an Advanced Cathode for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Tao , Zhu Limin , Xie Lingling , Han Qing , Yang Xinli , Cao Xiaoyu , Ma Jianmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted people's extensive attention in their application in energy storage systems resulting from their exclusive characteristics of low cost and environmental compatibility. However, finding suitable cathode materials continues to be the major challenge. Polyoxovanadates (POVs), as an important branch of polyoxometalates (POMs), are considered as a promising electrode material for reversible aqueous ZIBs relying on the flexible valence state of V. Herein, POVs (K2Zn2V10O28: KZVO) are reported as an advanced cathode for storing Zn2+, which delivers a high discharge capacity of 223.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, considerable energy density (182.9 Wh kg−1) and power density (40.38 W kg−1), and robust cyclic performance. In addition, the dynamic properties of the KZVO/Zn battery are revealed by pseudocapacitance analysis and GITT tests. Meanwhile, the storage mechanism of Zn2+ is further analyzed by ex situ XRD, XPS, TEM, and HRTEM. Overall, this work not only draws up a cathode material for the POMs system in aqueous ZIBs, but also demonstrates that POMs are the rising star in energy storage and electric energy applications.
A Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Mode of Reading on Incidental Collocation Learning and Predictors of Learning Gains
Authors: Vu Duy Van , Peters Elke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article reports on a longitudinal study on the impact of reading mode on incidental collocation learning and predictors of learning gains. The experiment lasted 11 weeks and involved 118 Vietnamese EFL learners who were assigned to an experimental group and a no‐treatment control group. The experimental group encountered 32 target collocations in three graded readers in three reading modes: reading‐while‐listening, reading with textual input enhancement (i.e., underlining), and reading‐while‐listening plus textual input enhancement in a counterbalanced fashion. Incidental learning was assessed at the level of form recall. The findings indicated a significant effect of reading mode on the learning of collocations. Significantly more collocations were learned in reading‐while‐listening plus textual input enhancement and reading with textual input enhancement modes than in reading‐while‐listening mode. Reading‐while‐listening plus textual input enhancement, however, did not differ significantly from reading with textual input enhancement. The results also revealed that learners’ prior vocabulary knowledge and collocational congruency significantly affected learning.
Three Zn(II) coordination polymers as dual‐responsive luminescent probes for highly selective detection of Fe3+ cation and MnO4− anion
Authors: Ma Jian‐Xin , Xu Na , Wang Yue , Liu Guo‐Cheng , Wang Xiu‐Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEffective detection of Fe3+ cation and MnO4− anion from water are desirable. As another way to solve this problem, three Zn‐based luminescent coordination polymers (LCPs), [Zn2(3‐bpat)2(1,3‐bdc)2]⋅H2O (1), [Zn(3‐bpat)(5‐hip)]⋅H2O (2), and [Zn(3‐bpat)(5‐mip)] (3) (3‐bpat=N,N′‐bis(3‐pyridylamide)‐3,4‐thiophene, 1,3‐H2bdc=isophthalic acid, 5‐H2hip=5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid, 5‐H2mip=5‐methylisophthalic acid), were successfully prepared as optical sensors to detect target analytes. Three LCPs were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Prominently, three LCPs showed good fluorescence quenching response to Fe3+ cation and MnO4− anion with high selectivity and sensitivity. The detection limits on Fe3+ are 1.45×10−6 M for LCP 1, 2.04×10−6 M for LCP 2, and 4.25×10−6 M for LCP 3, respectively. The detection limits on MnO4− are 3.93×10−6 M for LCP 1, 6.62×10−5 M for LCP 2, and 3.64×10−6 M for LCP 3, respectively. Furthermore, the quick and accurate probing capability of LCPs 1–3 also have been proved even under nine anions or cations. The possible fluorescence quenching mechanisms were studied, the energy resonance transfer theory were regarded as the primary cause for high efficiency fluorescence quenching.
Searching for dark matter signals in timing spectra at neutrino experiments
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar , Kim Doojin , Liao Shu , Park Jong-Chul , Shin Seodong , Strigari Louis E. , Thompson Adrian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity to dark matter signals at neutrino experiments is fundamentally challenged by the neutrino rates, as they leave similar signatures in their detectors. As a way to improve the signal sensitivity, we investigate a dark matter search strategy which utilizes the timing and energy spectra to discriminate dark matter from neutrino signals at low-energy, pulsed-beam neutrino experiments. This strategy was proposed in our companion paper Phys. Rev. Lett.124 (2020) 121802 [1], which we apply to potential searches at COHERENT, JSNS2, and CCM. These experiments are not only sources of neutrinos but also high intensity sources of photons. The dark matter candidate of interest comes from the relatively prompt decay of a dark sector gauge boson which may replace a Standard-Model photon, so the delayed neutrino events can be suppressed by keeping prompt events only. Furthermore, prompt neutrino events can be rejected by a cut in recoil energy spectra, as their incoming energy is relatively small and bounded from above while dark matter may deposit a sizable energy beyond it. We apply the search strategy of imposing a combination of energy and timing cuts to the existing CsI and LAr data of the COHERENT experiment as concrete examples, and report a mild excess beyond known backgrounds. We then investigate the expected sensitivity reaches to dark matter signals in our benchmark experiments.