bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifunctional Anchor for Multimodal Expansion Microscopy
Authors: Cui Yi , Yang Gaojie , Goodwin Daniel R. , O’Flanagan Ciara H. , Sinha Anubhav , Zhang Chi , Kitko Kristina E. , Park Demian , Aparicio Samuel ,   IMAXT Consortium, Boyden Edward S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn situ imaging of biomolecular location with nanoscale resolution enables mapping of the building blocks of life throughout biological systems in normal and disease states. Expansion microscopy (ExM), by physically enlarging specimens in an isotropic fashion, enables nanoimaging on standard light microscopes. Key to ExM is the equipping of different kinds of molecule, with different kinds of anchoring moiety, so they can all be pulled apart by polymer swelling. Here we present a multifunctional anchor, an acrylate epoxide, that enables multiple kinds of molecules (e.g., proteins and RNAs) to be equipped with anchors in a single experimental step. This reagent simplifies ExM protocols and greatly reduces cost (by 2-10 fold for a typical multiplexed ExM experiment) compared to previous strategies for equipping RNAs with anchors. We show that this unified ExM (uniExM) protocol can be used to preserve and visualize RNA transcripts, proteins in biologically relevant ultrastructure, and sets of RNA transcripts in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cancer tissues, and can support the visualization of other kinds of biomolecular species as well. Thus, uniExM may find many uses in the simple, multimodal nanoscale analysis of cells and tissues.
Short-term molecular consequences of chromosome mis-segregation for genome stability
Authors: Garribba Lorenza , De Feudis Giuseppina , Martis Valentino , Galli Martina , Dumont Marie , Eliezer Yonatan , Wardenaar René , Ippolito Marica Rosaria , Iyer Divya R , Tijhuis Andréa E , Spierings Diana CJ , Schubert Michael , Taglietti Silvia , Soriani Chiara , Gemble Simon , Basto Renata , Rhind Nick , Foijer Floris , Ben-David Uri , Fachinetti Daniele , Doksani Ylli , Santaguida Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChromosome instability (CIN) is the most common form of genome instability and is a hallmark of cancer. CIN invariably leads to aneuploidy, a state of karyotype imbalance. Here, we show that aneuploidy can also trigger CIN. We found that aneuploid cells experience DNA replication stress in their first S-phase and precipitate in a state of continuous CIN. This generates a repertoire of genetically diverse cells that can either continue proliferating or stop dividing. Cycling aneuploid cells display lower karyotype complexity compared to the arrested ones and increased expression of DNA repair signatures. Interestingly, the same signatures were upregulated in highly-proliferative cancer cells, which might enable them to proliferate despite the disadvantage conferred by aneuploidy-induced CIN. Altogether, our study reveals the short-term origins of CIN following aneuploidy and indicates the aneuploid state of cancer cells as a point mutation-independent source of genome instability, providing an explanation for aneuploidy occurrence in tumors.
Sex-specific association between emotion negativity and neural processing of reward feedback in young children
Authors: Chung Yu Sun , Bagdasarov Armen , Gaffrey Michael S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding whether sex-related differences in the associations between emotion negativity and reward processing are present in early childhood has the potential to critically inform the etiology and prevention of psychiatric disorders characterized by dysregulated negative affect. Previous research suggests that altered neural processing of reward is associated with elevated levels of negative affect in adolescents and that the patterns of these associations may show sex-related differences. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between negative affect and reward processing in young children and none have directly examined potential sex-related differences in this relationship during early childhood. The current study investigated potential sex-related differences in neural response to reward feedback using EEG and their sex-specific association with emotional negativity in 140 children 4-7 years of age. Children completed a developmentally appropriate reward processing task while EEG data was recorded. Temporospatial Principal Component Analysis was used to separate overlapping feedback-related ERP components, revealing that males had greater loss-related feedback negativity and gain- and loss-related P200 values than females. At the individual level, males also showed a negative correlation between emotional negativity scores and gain-related P200 amplitudes. In line with prior work in adults for sex differences in attentional biases to emotional stimuli, these results suggest that neural mechanisms leading to sex differences in abnormal development of emotional negativity may emerge during early childhood and grow in magnitude during adolescence.
Effect of CEO transformational leadership on organizational ethical culture and firm performance: the moderating effect of competitive intensity
Authors: Lamsam Nichanal , Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to adopt the upper echelon theory to analyze the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) transformational leadership on organizational ethical culture and its subsequent impact on firm performance. The study also integrates the knowledge from the structure–conduct–performance paradigm to test whether the high degree of competitive intensity that firms experience could weaken the effect of organizational ethical culture on firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Online survey data were obtained from firms in Thailand that were randomly selected from the directory provided by the Department of Business Development (n = 200). Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Findings
Organizational ethical culture significantly meditates the effect of CEO transformational leadership on firm performance. Moreover, the moderating effect analysis illustrates that the positive effect of organizational ethical culture on firm performance tends to be lower when firms have a high level of competitive intensity in the market.

Originality/value
Overall, this study adds new knowledge to the literature by showing that, although ethical culture created by transformational leaders can lead to high firm performance, the market environment in terms of competitive intensity could mitigate this benefit.
Investigating the impact of ICT-trade nexus on competitiveness in Eastern and Western European countries
Authors: Soylu Özgür Bayram , Adeleye Bosede Ngozi , Ergül Murat , Okur Fatih , Lorente Daniel Balsalobre 
Published: June 2022

PurposeSince competitiveness is crucial in international trade, this paper contributes to the literature by interrogating the information and communication technology (ICT)-trade nexus on competitiveness in Eastern and Western European countries. Does ICT usage promote or hinder the impact of trade openness on competitiveness? This study attempts to answer two questions: (1) is the interaction of trade and ICT significant in promoting competitiveness? (2) Is the effect significantly different by European classification?Design/methodology/approachWith data on 17 European countries from 2007 to 2020 and using mobile phones and fixed telephone usage as ICT indicators, the study engages the bootstrapped ordinary least squares (BOLS) and method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) techniques to probe the discourse.FindingsThe empirical findings reveal that (1) the interaction of trade and ICT boost competitiveness; (2) the effect of mobile phone is consistent across the full, East, and West European samples; (3) the interaction effect is also significant across the conditional distribution of competitiveness and (4) mobile phones and fixed broadband usage reveal “leapfrog” effect across the quantiles. Overall, the study submits that ICT usage will enhance the impact of trade, and thus, ICT is a critical enabler of competitiveness in Europe; policy recommendations were discussed.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study examining the interaction effect of trade openness and ICT usage on competitiveness in Europe. In other words, the authors attempt to analyze how ICT usage influences trade-competitiveness dynamics. To fill the gap in the literature, the authors' use a sample of 17 European countries from 2007 to 2020. The variables of interest are the competitiveness index, trade openness, and four ICT indicators (mobile phone, fixed telephone subscriptions, fixed telephone subscriptions, and Internet users).
Officer-involved deaths and the duty to intervene: assessing the impact of DTI policy in New York City, 2000–2019
Authors: Dawson Akiv J. , Blount-Hill Kwan-Lamar , Hodge II Guy 
Published: June 2022

PurposeIn the current study, the authors explore changes in multiple police officer-involved deaths (MOIDs) and on changes in the racial makeup of MOID victims in different stages of implementation of a duty-to-intervene (DTI) policy by the New York City Police Department (NYPD).Design/methodology/approachThe authors use fatal encounters to analyze data on MOIDs involving NYPD officers from 2000 to 2019, including three time periods: pre-DTI, initial DTI, and revised DTI. The authors use non-equivalent dependent variables design and t-tests to determine the significance of differences in MOID occurrence and civilian race between these periods.FindingsThe greatest reduction in MOIDs was observed during the initial DTI period, followed by an uptick in MOIDs during the revised DTI period. We also observed that MOIDs are racialized events that disproportionately impact Black New Yorkers. This remained the case even after the implementation of DTI.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors find mixed support for DTI as an administrative control for preventing MOIDs and reducing racial disparities in MOIDs. DTI implementation period, the significant reductions in MOIDs in the initial DTI period, but not the second also lends support for the notion that community pressure (i.e. resurgence of Black Lives Matter) also impacts officer behavior. This suggests that along with strong administrative controls, the behavior of the public may also be an important factor in controlling officer behavior.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the growing literature on duty to intervene and offers an early investigation into DTI as an administrative control for MOIDs using the NYPD as a case study. The authors examine changes in MOIDs and the racial makeup of civilians who were killed in MOIDs in three DTI periods. To the authors’ knowledge, no other study has done this.
Video versus direct laryngoscopy by specialist paramedics in New South Wales: Preliminary results from a new airway registry
Authors: Nichols Martin , Fouche Pieter F , Bendall Jason C 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesVideo laryngoscopy (VL) is increasingly used as an alternative to direct laryngoscopy (DL) to improve airway visualisation and endotracheal intubation (ETI) success. Intensive Care Paramedics in New South Wales Ambulance, Australia started using VL in 2020, and recorded success in a new advanced airway registry. We used this registry to compare VL to DL.MethodsThe present study was a retrospective analysis of out‐of‐hospital data for ETI by specialist paramedics using an airway registry. We calculated overall and first‐pass success for VL versus DL, and compared success using a Χ2 test.ResultsThe DL overall success was 61 out of 78 (78.2%) and VL was 233 out of 246 (94.7%); difference of 16.5% (P < 0.001). First‐pass for DL was successful for 49 out of 78 (62.8%) and for VL in 195 out of 246 (79.3%); difference of 16.5% (P = 0.003). There were five (1.6%) patients where both VL and DL were used and in all instances, DL was used first.ConclusionsThis analysis of a new airway registry used by specialist paramedics in New South Wales shows a substantial increase in overall and first‐pass intubation success with the use of VL when compared to DL.
Gender differences in lifetime and current use of online support for recovery from alcohol use disorder
Authors: Gilbert Paul A. , Saathoff Elizabeth , Russell Alex M. , Brown Grant 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigital recovery support services (D‐RSS) use technology to engage individuals seeking recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Given sparse data on use of these emergent services as well as longstanding and stark gender disparities in use of traditional alcohol treatment services, we sought to quantify lifetime and current D‐RSS use and to test associations with several recovery outcomes, with particular attention to gender differences.MethodsWe analyzed data obtained in fall 2020 in a national survey of adults with a resolved alcohol problem (n = 1487). We estimated lifetime and current D‐RSS use, prevalence of various types of D‐RSS, and related outcomes (e.g., recovery stability, relapse events, quality of life). Stratified logistic regression models identified correlates of D‐RSS use for women and men, controlling for demographic and AUD characteristics.ResultsOverall, an estimated 14.9% of the population of adults with a resolved alcohol problem reported lifetime use of D‐RSS, with no difference by gender. Current use was lower and was reported by more men than women (9.9% vs. 5.8%, respectively). Men had higher odds of D‐RSS use if they had <1 year of recovery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.84), 1 to 5 years of recovery (aOR 2.17), and if never married (aOR 3.29). Among women, higher odds of D‐RSS were associated with AUD symptom count (aOR 1.30), being unemployed (aOR 9.85), and having minor children in the household (aOR 3.58). Among women, there was no association between D‐RSS use and recovery stability, relapse events, and quality of life. However, among men D‐RSS use was associated with reporting that the COVID‐19 pandemic had made it more difficult to resist alcohol or drugs and with lower self‐reported quality of life.ConclusionsD‐RSS are a promising technological approach to support recovery. There is room to increase their use, and gender‐specific approaches may be needed given different correlates of use for women and men. In addition, further research is needed to explore whether D‐RSS may confer benefits through similar mechanisms as in‐person recovery services.
Trade and food security in a climate change‐impacted world
Authors: Brenton Paul , Chemutai Vicky , Pangestu Mari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractToday's climate‐turbulent world is rife with food insecurity—threatening economic development trajectories by stunting growth, subsequently reducing employability and labor productivity, especially for developing countries. The pandemic has exacerbated these adverse effects and reveals the critical need to put in place policies that can safeguard and sustain trade flows in agricultural products. For the vast majority of countries, food security cannot be guaranteed by domestic production alone. If certain crops are domestically untenable or yields are temporarily poor, imports are essential. Additionally, exports of agricultural products provide a major source of income for some of the poorest people around the world. This article explores the interplay between climate change, the production and the trade of agricultural products, and the resulting food security implications. It then examines the existing trade policies governing agricultural trade and provides recommendations for action at the global, regional, and country levels.
Relationship between anal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP®) results and the clinical presentation of faecal incontinence
Authors: Desprez Charlotte , Gourcerol Guillaume , Savoye‐Collet Céline , Bridoux Valérie , Duflot Thomas , Leroi Anne‐Marie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimFaecal incontinence (FI) subtypes (urge, passive, mixed) are linked to the physiopathological mechanism of FI. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a consistent relationship between FI subtype and anal sphincter dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between anal sphincter function, assessed using the new EndoFLIP® technology, and FI subtype.MethodPatients referred for FI were prospectively enrolled between October 2015 and May 2021 in a registry, and data were retrospectively examined. Each patient underwent a clinical assessment as well as three‐dimensional high‐resolution or water‐perfused anorectal manometry, anal EndoFLIP®, and anorectal electrophysiological and endoanal ultrasound tests. The results of the investigations were compared across FI subtypes.ResultsThe cohort included 133 patients, 54 (41%) of whom met the criteria for urge FI, 40 (30%) for passive FI and 39 (29%) for mixed FI. The resting anal distensibility index (DI) at 50 ml of distension was significantly lower in patients with urge FI than in patients with passive FI (p = 0.04). At rest, a DI at 50 ml of distension ≥7.3 mm2 mmHg−1 and a DI at 40 ml of distension <1.3 mm2 mmHg−1 were associated with the passive and urge FI subtypes, respectively, with poor discriminatory power (an accuracy of 0.49 compared with 0.33 for random assignment). There were no differences in anorectal manometry, endoanal ultrasound or electrophysiological test results among the urge, passive and mixed FI subgroups (all p > 0.05).ConclusionThe anal sphincter DI using the EndoFLIP® system displayed poor predictive performance in distinguishing among FI subtypes.
Truly invasive or simply non‐native? Insights from an artificial crested newt hybrid zone
Authors: Hinneberg Heiko , Bamann Thomas , Geue Julia C. , Foerster Katharina , Thomassen Henri A. , Kupfer Alexander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductions of non‐native species can pose serious threats to native populations and ecosystems. However, the impact of introduced species depends on intrinsic characteristics, local habitat conditions, and the interaction with native species. Case‐specific management strategies may therefore be required. Using phenotypic characters and molecular markers for species identification, we provide insights into an artificial hybrid zone between two closely related newt species, the native Triturus cristatus and the introduced T. carnifex, near Tübingen, south‐west Germany. Our analyses revealed a central Italian origin of the non‐native T. carnifex and suggested their sustained presence in the study area for at least six years, probably much longer. In some ponds, extensive hybridization with native T. cristatus was detected. However, we found no evidence for a displacement of the native species by its non‐native congener. The gradient from pure T. carnifex to pure T. cristatus currently extends over 7 km. A future expansion of the hybrid zone and swamping of a neighboring T. cristatus meta‐population appears unlikely under the local configuration of breeding ponds. We propose to monitor the hybrid zone using genetic markers for evaluating the direction and speed of gene flow, complemented by capture‐recapture studies to reveal trends in species‐specific population sizes. To protect the native T. cristatus, we recommend practitioners to maintain their habitats, for example, by preventing illegal release of gold fish, by counteracting early drying of the breeding ponds, and by regularly cutting back trees and shrubs along the shoreline.
Nonsebaceous lymphadenoma arising as a painless subcutaneous nodule on the eyebrow
Authors: Calco Gina N. , Davis Jessica L. , Chung Jina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSalivary gland tumors can rarely present in skin excision specimens and can pose a diagnostic challenge to dermatopathologists. We present an exceptional case of a salivary gland type nonsebaceous lymphadenoma presenting as a painless subcutaneous nodule on the right medial eyebrow of a 16‐year‐old male, mimicking a primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasm. Histologic evaluation revealed a well‐circumscribed to partially encapsulated nodule with a marked lymphoid infiltrate including reactive germinal centers. Within the lymphoid component was a central epithelial cystic neoplasm with tubuloglandular and basaloid differentiation. There was no myoepithelial component to suggest a chondroid syringoma. No sebaceous differentiation was present. The overall histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a nonsebaceous lymphadenoma. Dermatopathologists should consider salivary gland type lymphadenoma as a differential diagnosis when encountering a subcutaneous lesion with lymphoid, cystic, glandular, and basaloid components.
Quantifying invasibility
Authors: Pande Jayant , Tsubery Yehonatan , Shnerb Nadav M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvasibility, the chance of a population to grow from rarity and become established, plays a fundamental role in population genetics, ecology, epidemiology and evolution. For many decades, the mean growth rate of a species when it is rare has been employed as an invasion criterion. Recent studies show that the mean growth rate fails as a quantitative metric for invasibility, with its magnitude sometimes even increasing while the invasibility decreases. Here we provide two novel formulae, based on the diffusion approximation and a large‐deviations (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin) approach, for the chance of invasion given the mean growth and its variance. The first formula has the virtue of simplicity, while the second one holds over a wider parameter range. The efficacy of the formulae, including their accompanying data analysis technique, is demonstrated using synthetic time series generated from canonical models and parameterised with empirical data.
6G wireless communication assisted security management using cloud edge computing
Authors: Kamruzzaman M. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSecurity management is the process of identifying a company's assets (such as people, buildings, equipment, systems, and information assets) and then developing, documenting, and implementing policies and procedures to secure those assets. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) applications are flourishing thanks to advances in deep learning and numerous hardware architecture improvements based on cloud edge computing (CEC) issues are associated with the Internet of Things (IoT), including inadequate security measures, user ignorance, and the dreaded active monitoring. Therefore, a 6G wireless communication‐assisted security management using artificial intelligence (WC‐SM‐AI) has been introduced to enhance security. The energy‐efficient 6G real‐time communication framework and the enhanced deep neural network security module are key components of this architecture. The first module optimizes network lifespan and spectral efficiency while reducing energy consumption and latency. Another module offers a more secure network connection while increasing privacy, data integrity, and access. For this reason, this article discusses how AI can strengthen the security of 6G networks while promoting strategy problems and solutions.