bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative spectroscopic study of aluminum nitride grown by MOCVD in H2 and N2 reaction environment
Authors: HASAN SAMIUL , Jewel Mohi Uddin Uddin , Karakalos Stavros G. , Gaevski Mikhail , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report a comparative spectroscopic study on the thin films of epitaxial aluminum nitride (AlN) on basal plane sapphire (Al2O3) substrates grown in hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) gas reaction environments. AlN films of similar thicknesses (~ 3.0 µm) were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for comparison. The impact of gas environment on the AlN epilayers was characterized using high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman scattering (RS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), cathodoluminescence (CL), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study showed that AlN layers grown in a N2 environment have 50% less stress (~ 0.5 GPa) and similar total dislocation densities (~ 109/cm2) as compared to films grown in a H2 environment. On the other hand, AlN films grown in a H2 gas environment have about 33% lesser carbon and 41% lesser oxygen impurities than films grown in a N2 growth environment and have close to the ideal Al:N stoichiometric ratio. This paper will discuss the possible mechanisms that influenced the structural quality and impurity incorporation for two different gas environments to grow AlN epilayers in the MOCVD system on sapphire substrates.
Amide directed selectivity switch in distal C-H arylation of α-naphthoic acids
Authors: Pradhan Sukumar , Biswas Jyoti , Elsaid Mazen , Ge Haibo , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Remote C4-H functionalization of a-naphthoic acids is highly challenging due to the presence of proximally more accessible C-H bonds at the C2 and C8 positions. Herein, we report the first palladium-catalysed direct C4 arylation of 1-naphthamides with high regioselectivity and excellent functional group compatibility. The regioselectivity of this one-step reaction could be switched to the C7 position by simply changing the directing group under otherwise identical conditions. Diverse aryl couples were found compatible for both C4 and C7 arylation. Control experiments and kinetic studies were carried out to identify the mechanistic motives of the unique selectivity switch.
Breast cancer risk in Ukrainian women exposed to Chornobyl fallout while pregnant or lactating: standardized incidence ratio analysis, 1998 to 2016
Authors: Vij Vibha , Shpak Victor , Zamotayeva Galyna , Lapikura Less , Ryzhov Anton , Gorokh Evgeniy , Zhang Rui , Mabuchi Kiyo , Little Mark P , Drozdovitch Vladimir , Chizhov Konstantin , Masuik Sergii , Preston Dale , Tronko Mykola , Cahoon Elizabeth K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The radiation-related risk of breast cancer among women following the Chornobyl accident remains uncertain. During pregnancy, there is rapid cell proliferation in the breast while radioactive iodine from fallout exposure can concentrate in lactating breast tissues.
Methods
We conducted a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analysis of breast cancer in a cohort of 2,631 women who were lactating and/or pregnant at any time during the two-month period of radioiodine fallout (April 26, 1986 - June 30, 1986). There were 37,151 person-years of follow-up, and 26 incident breast cancers were identified through linkage with the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Breast cancer rates among pregnant or lactating women were compared to the general population rates, and SIRs were adjusted for oblast, urban/rural, age, and calendar year.
Results
The SIR was non-significantly elevated for women lactating at the time of accident (SIR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.40; 3.01), but not for women initiating lactation within the two months of the accident (SIR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.32; 1.65) or women pregnant at the time of the accident (SIR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.44; 1.18).
Conclusions
The increased SIR for breast cancer among lactating women is consistent with the results of a similar study in Belarus and indicates the need to quantify the radiation risk of breast cancer in a larger study of women lactating during the period of fallout exposure.
An economic incentive package to support the wellbeing of caregivers of adolescents living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: a feasibility study protocol for a pilot randomised trial
Authors: Carries Stanley , Mkhwanazi Zibuyisile , Sigwadhi Lovemore , Moshabela Mosa , Nyirenda Makandwe , Goudge Jane , Govindasamy Darshini 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The mental and financial strain linked to unpaid caregiving has been amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, carers of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are critical for maintenance of optimum HIV treatment outcomes. However, the ability of caregivers to provide quality care to ALHIV is undermined by their ability to maintain their own wellbeing due to multiple factors (viz. poverty, stigma, lack of access to social support services) which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic incentives, such as cash incentives combined with SMS reminders, have been shown to improve wellbeing. However, there is a lack of preliminary evidence on the potential of economic incentives to promote caregiver wellbeing in this setting, particularly in the context of a pandemic. This protocol outlines the design of a parallel-group pilot randomised trial comparing the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an economic incentive package versus a control for improving caregiver wellbeing. Methods: Caregivers of ALHIV will be recruited from public-sector HIV clinics in the south of the eThekwini municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (i) the intervention group (n=50) will receive three cash payments (of ZAR 350, approximately 23 USD), coupled with a positive wellbeing message over a three month period; (ii) the control group (n=50) will receive a standard message encouraging linkage to health services. Participants will be interviewed at baseline and at endline (12 weeks) to collect socio-demographic, food insecurity, health status, mental health (stigma, depressive symptoms) and wellbeing data. The primary outcome measure, caregiver wellbeing, will be measured using the CarerQoL instrument. A qualitative study will be conducted alongside the main trial to understand participant views on participation in the trial and their feedback on study activities.Discussion: This study will provide scientific direction for the design of a larger randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of an economic incentive for improving caregiver wellbeing. The feasibility of conducting study activities and delivering the intervention remotely in the context of a pandemic will also be provided. Trial registration: PACTR202203585402090
Development and validation of a machine learning‐based stroke suicidal ideation prediction model : A retrospective study
Authors: Song Seung Il , Hong Hyeon Taek , Lee Changwoo , Lee Seung Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Currently, the identification of stroke patients with an increased suicide risk is mainly based on self‐report questionnaires, and this method suffers from a lack of objectivity. This study developed and validated a suicide ideation (SI) prediction model using clinical data and identified SI predictors.Method: Significant variables were selected through traditional statistical analysis based on retrospective data of 385 stroke patients; the data was collected from October 2012 to March 2014. The data was then applied to three boosting models (Xgboost, CatBoost, LGBM) to identify the comparative and best performing models.Results: Demographic variables that showed significant differences between the two groups were age, onset, type, socioeconomic, and education level. Additionally, functional variables also showed a significant difference with regard to ADL and emotion (p<0.05). The CatBoost model (0.900) showed higher performance than the other two models; and depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (RM) were found to have high importance. Negative emotions such as depression and anxiety showed a positive relationship with SI and rehabilitation motivation and self-efficacy displayed an inverse relationship with SI.Conclusion: Machine learning-based SI models could augment SI prevention by helping rehabilitation and medical professionals identify high-risk stroke patients in need of SI prevention intervention.
New host and distribution records for five species of Enterogyrus (Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae) from cichlid hosts in South Africa
Authors: Přikrylová Iva , Tavakol Sareh , Smit Nico J. , Smit Willem J. , Luus-Powell Wilmien J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Three species of Cichlidae, Coptodon rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Tilapia sparrmanii were screened for the presence of stomach monogeneans. Four localities across three provinces of South Africa (Limpopo, Northern Cape and North West) were sampled and a total of five Enterogyrus spp. were identified, E. cichlidarum, E. coronatus, E. malmbergi, E. mashegoi and E. multispiralis. Finding E. malmbergi from O. mossambicus and T. sparrmanii represents new host and new geographic records. Enterogyrus coronatus was reported from C. rendalli and T. sparrmanii from three localities. Both hosts are new host records for the species and show a wide distribution of E. coronatus within South Africa. Tilapia sparrmanii is a new host record for E. cichlidarum and E. multispiralis. Enterogyrus mashegoi and E. cichlidarum are reported from new localities.
Embryotoxicity and teratogenesis of orthodontic acrylic resin in zebrafish
Authors: Ohashi Amanda Sayuri Cardoso , Pizzato Christiane Staub , Schacher Helena Reis de Souza , Vianna Monica Ryff Moreira Roca , de Menezes Luciane Macedo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To verify in vivo the embryotoxicity, teratogenic power and other possible effects of the orthodontic acrylic resin and its components separately using Zebrafish as a model organism. Materials and Methods: Embryo and larval stage animals were divided into 5 experimental groups. These were divided into 5 subgroups: three specific doses of each substance tested, one control with the vehicle (0,1% DMSO in water) and one absolute control (water). In the 5o day post fertilization, the animals were submitted to morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations. Ten animals were used in triplicate for all experiments. Survival and hatching were analyzed by the Kaplan Meier test and the other measurements were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results:For all tested substances, statistically significant differences were found between the control and treated groups for heart rate, cognitive responsiveness, and cellular apoptosis, whereas survival, hatching rate and other parameters did not show significant differences. Only the highest dose of the dibutyl phthalate group showed significant difference in survival. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to acrylic resin and its components may be associated with decreased cognitive ability and cardiac rhythm and an increase in the level of cellular apoptosis in zebrafish. Clinical Relevance:Acrylic resin widely used in dentistry, where not only the patient stays in contact with it for a long period of time, but the dental and laboratory staff also often for a lifetime. Considering this, we emphasize the importance of further investigating the long-term effects of acrylic resin.
Diagnostic value of the microcolon by ultrasonography in small bowel atresia
Authors: Huang Ying , Ju Hao , Feng Shu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To find the Ultrasonography (US) criteria of microcolon and analyze its value in diagnosis of SBA.Methods: US was performed in 46 neonates within 7 days old. As a study group (n = 15), neonates of SBA was confirmed with followed surgery. As a study group without SBA (n = 15), neonates with other gastrointestinal problems different that SBA were confirmed by surgical or clinical follow up. Sixteen neonates without gastrointestinal problems was classified as control group. Diameter of the colon was measured. Colonic gas were sought and observed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare US parameters between study group with other groups. Optimal cut off value of the colonic diameter for SBA diagnosis were obtained with receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results: Colonic diameters in study group 0.5cm (interquartile ranges (IQR), 0.5-0.6 cm) was significantly smaller than that in study group without SBA 0.9cm (IQR, 0.8-1.2cm) (P < 0 .001) and in control group 1.2cm (IQR, 0.8-1.35cm) (P < 0 .001). Optimum cut off value for diagnosis of SBA was 6.5 mm (sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 86.7%; accuracy, 89.1%) for colonic diameter. A combination of microcolon and gas negative in it showed the best performance in US diagnosis of SBA, with the highest accuracy (91.3%).Conclusion: A colon less than 6.5mm in diameter should be called microcolon by US, combined with gas negative can be highly suggestive of SBA.
Enterotypes in asthenospermia patients with obesity
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Xu Peng , Wang Xiaobin , Xing Ze , Dong Sitong , Li Gaoyu , Yao Xinrui , Guo Renhao , Feng Tao , Yao Weifan , Pan Bochen , Zhu Xuan , Wang Xiuxia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The essence of enterotypes is stratifying the entire human gut microbiome, and enterotypes modulates the association between diet and disease risk.We designed a study at the Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang. Prevotella and Bacteroides were measured in stool samples from 178 men with enterotype B (61 normal, 117 overweight/obese) and 229 men with enterotype P (74 normal, 155 overweight/obese). The ratio between Prevotella and Bacteroides abundance, P/B, was used as a simplified way to distinguish the predominant enterotype. In enterotype P, obesity was a risk factor for decreased rate of forward progressive sperm motility (odds ratio [OR] 3.350; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.881–5.966; P<0.001) and decreased rate of total sperm motility (OR 4.298; 95% CI 2.365–7.809; P<0.001). Obesity was also an independent risk factor (OR 3.131; 95% CI 1.749–5.607; P<0.001) after adjusting for follicle-stimulating hormone. In enterotype P, body mass index (BMI), as a diagnostic indicator of decreased rate of forward progressive sperm motility and decreased rate of decreased total sperm motility, had area under the curve values of 0.627 (P = 0.001) and 0.675 (P<0.0001), respectively, that were significantly higher than the predicted values in all patients. However, obesity was not a risk factor for asthenospermia, and there was no significant difference between obesity and sperm quality parameters in men with enterotype B (P>0.05). Our findings are the first to introduce enterotypes as a population-based individualized classification index to investigate the correlation between BMI and asthenospermia. In our study, overweight/obese men with enterotype P were found to have poorer sperm quality; however, sperm quality was not associated with overweight/obese in men with enterotype B. Besides, BMI is a risk factor for asthenospermia only in men with enterotype P but not in men with enterotype B.
Development and validation a novel copper death and SARS-CoV-2-associated genes prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: yan congzhi , wu zhixuan , lou donghao , Jin Jingji , Wu Congcong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Copper death is a newly identified unique form of regulated apoptosis. Studies suggest that it may be the mode of apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, copper death-related genes may become therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. Also, SARS-CoV-2 is currently the most widely spread virus in the world with no curative drug available. Liver cancer is the most common fatal malignancy in the world. By the time a patient presents to the clinic, liver cancer has progressed to an advanced stage and the prognosis is often poor. In this study, the prognosis of patients with liver cancer when they get SARS-CoV-2 was predicted by examining the relationship between SARS-CoV-2, copper death and liver cancer.
Comparison of Eating Disorders Symptoms and Body Image Between Individidual and Team Sport Adolescent Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Firoozjah Morteza Homayounnia , Shahrbanian Shahnaz , Homayouni Alireza , Hower Heather 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes, which can affect their usual eating behaviors and body image. Specific pressures of individual sports (e.g., strict weight requirements, revealing sports attire, aesthetic judgments), vs. team sports, may further increase the risk of eating disorders (ED) and distorted body image. Methods: Participants of the study included 124 Iranian male adolescent athletes residing in Mazandaran province (one of the most affected areas of Iran during COVID-19), who played in 1 of 6 sports (3 individual, 3 team). ED symptoms were assessed by the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and body image was assessed by the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Results: The individual athlete group (n = 62) had significantly higher EAT-26 subscale scores for Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (p=0.019), as well as significantly higher BESAA subscale scores for Appearance (p =0.001), Weight (p = 0.001), and Attribution (p = 0.001), compared to the team athlete group (n = 62). Conclusions: The study has limitations which future research should address. However, findings suggest that coaches should pay special attention to individual athletes with ED and distorted body image during COVID-19, to provide early intervention, and mitigate the risk of long-term consequences.
The external occipital protuberance: a magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ono Hideo , Ishii Hisato 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To date, no study has explored the external occipital protuberance (EOP) using neuroimaging modalities. This study aims to characterize them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: A total of 96 patients underwent thin-sliced, post-contrast MRI. The sagittal images were analyzed.Results: In 97%, the EOPs were delineated as a focal external protrusion of the midline region of the occiput with varying morphologies. In 89% of 93 patients with identifiable EOPs, parts of the intracranial dural sinuses were found to lie just below the inion, the most prominent point of the EOP. The most frequently targeted dural sinus was the confluence of sinuses that was found in 57%, followed by the superior sagittal sinus. In 16%, a bony foramen and transmitting vessel were detected in the EOP, connecting between the diploic channels and the subcutaneous veins. Furthermore, in 33%, bony foramina and transmitting venous structures were identified in the region just below the EOPs, connecting between the diploic channels and the subcutaneous veins.Conclusions: The intracranial dural venous sinus is located just below the EOP with a high probability. Most bony foramina in the EOP and midline suboccipital region may transmit veinous structures connecting to the diploic channel.
Phenotypical variability of the sigmoid sinus in translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid surgeries
Authors: Al-Fauri Maryna , Lee Daniel , Kelly Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: We hypothesized that the cranial phenotype influences the shape of the posterior cranial fossa and the relative position of the sigmoid sinus. Materials and Methods: The topography of the sigmoid sinus was studied on 26 magnetic resonance venograms and 35 embalmed cadavers by morphometric analysis, dissection, and photo modeling techniques. Results: The data show that the transverse diameter of the posterior cranial fossa correlates positively with the laterolateral diameter of the skull. The majority of cases with the low-anterior position of the sigmoid sinus were recorded in the brachycephalic group (82%); while the high-posterior localization of the sigmoid sinus was typical for the dolichocephalic patients (63%). Conclusion: The shape of the skull reflects the morphology of the posterior cranial fossa and influences the topographic characteristics of the sigmoid sinus that must be considered in the selection of surgical approach to the inner ear and pontocerebellar angle.
Fast, eco-friendly synthesis of blue luminescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots in glycerol
Authors: Trpkov Djordje , Vinić Milica , Dojčilović Radovan , Tošić Dragana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal transformation of glycine precursors in glycerol. Functionalization of GQDs with nitrogen was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the thickness of the quantum dots is around ~10 Å while the lateral dimensions are the in range from 20 to 80 nm. N-GQDs exhibit strong fluorescence in blue (420 nm) region and they are suitable for bioimaging applications.
Statistical Modelling Based on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Method of Pumps Performance in a Pumping Station for Drinking Water Production
Authors: mazouzi driss , LAAJINE Fouad , Machkor Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Energy use in water supply systems represents a consequent part of global energy consumption across all sectors. This consumption is expected to rise, due to the increasing demand and the recourse to unconventional water resources. Regarding water utilities, most of their operating costs are related to energy consumption, especially pumping systems consumption. In this context, the main objective of this study was to model accurately by using data statistical analysis the energy consumption of pumping systems in order to optimize the whole water supply system, thus improving its efficiency, especially in the case of a limited renovation. For this purpose, Multiple Linear Regression was fitted to model the produced kWh/m 3 ratio costs according to the following Key-parameters associated to drinking pumping stations: i) active and reactive energies; ii) the daily produced water volume; iii) the power factor (Cosφ); iiii) and the operating time of each pump. The final model describes accurately the consumption per cubic meter produced with R-square statistic reaching 0.91 and value standard error is close to 5% were found. Therefore, this model could be considered a good estimator for the calculated ratio, which was close to the experimental one. In addition, this approach considers the system in the Real-Time-Data behavior, while most of the comparable studies focus on the pump scheduling problem estimator for the calculated ratio which was close to the experimental one.