bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niobium‐Incorporated CoSe2 Nanothorns with Electronic Structural Alterations for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Current Density
Authors: Peng Qimin , Zhuang Xiaoling , Wei Longgui , Shi Luyan , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Hou Ruobing , Yang Xiulin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping cost‐effective, highly active, and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at high current density is a critical challenge in water electrolysis since the sluggish kinetics of the OER significantly impedes the energy conversion efficiency of overall water splitting. Here, a 1D nanothorn‐like Nb−CoSe2/CC (CC=carbon cloth) structure was developed as an efficient OER catalyst. The optimized Nb−CoSe2/CC catalyst exhibited remarkable OER performance with the low overpotentials of 220 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 297 mV 200 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope (54.1 mV dec−1) in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte. More importantly, the Nb−CoSe2/CC electrode displayed superior stability after 60 h of continuous operation. In addition, cell voltages of 1.52 and 1.93 V were required to achieve 10 and 500 mA cm−2 for the electrolyzer made of Nb−CoSe2/CC (anode) and the Pt/C (cathode). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with experimental results revealed that incorporating niobium into the CoSe2 could optimize the adsorption free energy of the reaction intermediates and enhance the conductivity to improve the catalytic activity further. Additionally, the super‐hydrophilicity of Nb−CoSe2/CC resulting from the surface defects increased the surface wettability and facilitated reaction kinetics. These results indicate that Nb−CoSe2/CC intrinsically enhances OER performance and possesses potential practical water electrolysis applications.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for injection: A review of the current data
Authors: Chao Kevin , Moradi Amir , Khalifian Saami 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProducts containing botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) are popular for addressing patients' cosmetic and medical concerns. Current BoNTA products in the market had recommended treatment intervals of 12–16 weeks and require repeat visits to maintain therapeutic efficacy. DaxibotulinumtoxinA (DAXI) for injection is a novel neuromodulator with a unique formulation that may provide longer duration of action than those currently available. Here, we will review the literature on DAXI and provide an overview of the clinical formulation, mechanism of action, pivotal clinical trials, indications, safety profile, adverse events, and immunogenicity. DAXI has the potential to improve the management of both aesthetic and neuromuscular conditions. Long‐term clinical data and further studies are needed to confirm the promising initial clinical data.
Impact of the North Sea–Caspian pattern on meteorological drought and vegetation response over diverging environmental systems in western Eurasia
Authors: He Qing , Xu Bolin , Dieppois Bastien , Yetemen Omer , Sen Omer Lutfi , Klaus Julian , Schoppach Rémy , Çağlar Ferat , Fan Ping Yu , Chen Liang , Danaila Luminita , Massei Nicolas , Chun Kwok Pan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmerging drought stress on vegetation over western Eurasia is linked to varying teleconnection patterns. The North Sea–Caspian Pattern (NCP) is a relatively less studied Eurasian teleconnection pattern, which has a role on drought conditions and the consequence of changing conditions on vegetation. Between 1981 and 2015, we found that the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have different trend patterns over various parts of western Eurasia. Specifically, the vegetation greenness is linked with wetter conditions over Scandinavia, and vegetation cover decreases over a drying central Asia. However, western Russia and Franceare paradoxically becoming greener under drier conditions. Using the Budyko framework, such paradoxical patterns are found in energy‐limited environmental systems, where vegetation growth is primarily promoted by warmer temperatures. While most studies focused on the impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), we test whether the NCP explains better the variability of meteorological drought and vegetation response over western Eurasia. We hypothesised that the positive phases of the NCP are correlated to high pressure anomalies over the North Sea, which can be associated with weakening onshore moisture advection, leading to warmer and dryness conditions. These conditions are driving vegetation greening, as western Eurasia is mainly energy limited. However, we show that as the climate is warming along with the teleconnection impacts, the future ecosystem over western Eurasia will be transferred from energy‐limited to water‐limited systems. This suggests that the observed vegetation greening over past three decades is unlikely to sustain in the future.
Reaching Room‐Temperature Mesomorphism through Expansion of the Tristriazolotriazine Core with Alkoxybenzoate Units
Authors: Westphal Eduard , Windisch Alana Carolina , Zambelli Mezalira Daniela , Gallardo Hugo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe tristriazolotriazine (TTT) N‐heterocycle, despite being a relatively new mesogenic core for use in discotic liquid crystals, has already demonstrated its importance and promising characteristics. In this work, we extended the knowledge about the TTT, increasing the core size with alkoxybenzoate units, as well as evaluating how the expansion and number of peripheral chains affected the thermal and photophysical properties, both in solution and spin‐coated films. Their thermal behaviour and self‐assembly were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation, while the photophysics was investigated by UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that, despite a considerable decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield with the core expansion, the mesomorphic properties are significantly enhanced, with two products showing Colh mesophase at room temperature, with large range of mesomorphism and very good thermal stability. It was also demonstrated how structural changes affected the self‐assembly properties.
Development of Organochlorine Pesticide Electrochemical Sensor Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles@indium Tin Oxide Electrode
Authors: Alnahdi Hanan S. , Mousa Rasha Mousa Ahmed , El‐Said Waleed A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonitoring food quality and safety need the development of highly sensitive and accurate techniques. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a widely used category of pesticides. The high toxicity and high stability of OCPs pesticides made their detection the target of several research studies. Chloridazon, one of the wide used OCPs pesticides, and its major degradation product (chloridazon‐desphenyl) have shown high harmful effects. Here, a specific OCPs electrochemical sensor was developed. Fe3O4 nanostructures decorated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode showed high specificity towards the OCPs because of the capability of chlorine atoms, to interact with the iron oxide NPs. The chemical composition and the morphology of the modified nanosensor were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results showed the formation of two morphologies, including spongy agglomerated NPs with100 nm in diameter and nanofibers with 20 nm in thickness. The modified electrode exhibited a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.9 μmol L−1. Also, chloridazon was detected in the presence of various interferences, including isoproturon pesticide and urea. Furthermore, chloridazon pesticide was also detected in a surface water sample.
Understanding Ecotoxicological Responses of Fish Embryos and Gill Cells to Cationic Polymers
Authors: Rawlings Jane M. , Belanger Scott E. , Connors Kristin A. , Karb Mike J. , Thomas Jacqueline B. , Roush Kyle S. , Sanderson Hans 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cationic polymers are considered by the scientific and regulatory communities as a group of greater interest amongst the polymers in commerce. As a category, relatively little hazard information is available in the public literature. Very few examples exist of published, high-quality polymer characterization and quantification of exposure. In the present study we describe a series of fish embryo toxicity (FET) and fish gill cytotoxicity assays used to establish a baseline understanding of several representative polyquaternium categories (PQ-6, PQ-10, PQ-16) in animal alternative models, accompanied by high-quality analytical characterization. Materials were chosen to encompass a range of molecular weights and charge densities to determine the influence of test material characteristics on toxicity. Both chorionated and dechorionated FET assays were generally similar to published acute fish toxicity data. Toxicity was correlated with cationic polymer charge density, and not with molecular weight, and was a combination of physical effects and likely toxicity at the site of action. Toxicity could be ameliorated by humic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Fish gill cytotoxicity results were orders of magnitude less sensitive than FET test responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2259–2272. © 2022 SETAC
Novel HLA associations with outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure and sarcoidosis in individuals of African ancestry using nearest‐neighbor feature selection
Authors: Dawkins Bryan A. , Garman Lori , Cejda Nicholas , Pezant Nathan , Rasmussen Astrid , Rybicki Benjamin A. , Levin Albert M. , Benchek Penelope , Seshadri Chetan , Mayanja‐Kizza Harriet , Iannuzzi Michael C. , Stein Catherine M. , Montgomery Courtney G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTuberculosis and sarcoidosis are inflammatory diseases characterized by granulomas that may occur in any organ but are often found in the lung. The panoply of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with occurrence and/or severity of both diseases varies considerably across studies. This heterogeneity of results, due to variation in factors like ancestry and disease subphenotype, as well as the use of simple modeling strategies to elucidate likely complex relationships, has made conclusions about underlying commonalities difficult. Here we perform HLA association analyses in individuals of African ancestry, using a greater resolution to include subphenotypes of disease and employing more comprehensive analytical techniques. Using a novel application of nearest‐neighbor feature selection to score allelic importance, we investigated HLA allele association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure outcomes in the first analysis of both latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and active disease compared with those who, despite long‐term exposure to active index cases, have neither positive diagnostic tests nor display clinical symptoms. We also compared persistent to resolved sarcoidosis. This led to the identification of novel HLA associations and evidence of main effects and interaction effects. We found strikingly similar main effects and interaction effects at HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQB1, and ‐DPB1 in those resistant to tuberculosis (either latent or active) and persistent sarcoidosis.
A numerical approach of forced convection of Casson nanofluid flow over a vertical plate with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Gnanaprasanna K. , Singh Abhishek Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study involves a numerical approach of forced convection of the rheological properties of Casson nanofluids flowing on a vertical plate with variable viscosity and Prandtl number using Buongiorno's single‐phase model. The non‐Newtonian Casson fluid is very useful in the process of metal coatings and fabrication manufacturing as these types of nanofluids experiences more shear‐thinning effects. The influence of velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles for nonuniform physical parameters on the steady Casson nanofluid flow induced on a vertical plate was studied numerically. The investigations include the graphs of velocity, concentration, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number profiles for velocity ratio parameter (), Casson fluid parameter (), and Lewis number (). The characteristic features of augmented values of Casson fluid parameter () enhance the velocity profile, whereas declines the temperature profiles. Non‐Newtonian fluids on a vertical plate are commonly encountered in irrigation problems, heat storage beds, biological systems, petroleum, textile, paper, and polymer composite industries, optimization and solidification processes of metals and metal alloys, geothermal source investigations, and nuclear fuel debris treatment.
Quantifying the climate change‐driven impacts on the hydrology of a data‐scarce watershed located in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna
Authors: Amorim Jhones da Silva , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro , Junqueira Rubens , de Mello Carlos Rogério , Bento Nicole Lopes , Avanzi Junior Cesar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTropical savannas are one of the most affected biomes worldwide by anthropogenic activities. The Cerrado biome, also referred to as the Brazilian Tropical Savanna, is one of the world's environmental hotspots due to its high biodiversity and endemism. Also, it is essential for water resources in South America and hydropower generation in Brazil. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate possible changes in water availability in the Cerrado due to the impacts of climate change throughout the 21st century under different emissions scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated in a watershed encompassing 51 237 km2. The regional climate models (RCMs) Eta‐HadGEM‐ES and Eta‐MIROC5 under the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used to simulate the streamflow changes in three time slices (2010–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2099). The streamflow can be reduced by up to 70%, being Eta/HadGEM2‐ES RCM under RCP 8.5 projected the most severe impact. On average, the most significant runoff reductions occurred in the first and third time slice (−54.51%). Baseflow and evapotranspiration can reduce up to 55% and 23%, respectively, at the end of the century. In addition, the hydrological drought assessment stressed the higher frequency of severe drought events in the first time slice. Streamflow regularization can be an alternative to mitigate the impacts of climate change in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna throughout the 21st century.
COVID‐19 outbreak in Lombardy: Impact on reducing solid cancer diagnoses in 2020
Authors: Trama Annalisa , Bernasconi Alice , Botta Laura , Di Cosimo Serena , Miceli Rosalba , Claps Melanie , Badenchini Fabio , Lillini Roberto , Rubino Massimiliano , Lasalvia Paolo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur aim was to analyse, on a population level, the year‐long decline in cancer diagnoses in the region of Lombardy (Italy), and to characterise the tumours with the greatest reduction in diagnosis by patient age, sex and tumour stage at diagnosis. We used the health care utilisation databases of the Lombardy region to identify cancer patients' characteristics (eg, sex, age) and cancer‐related information (eg, cancer site, stage at diagnosis). The frequency of new cancer diagnoses in 2019 and 2020 were compared in terms of percentage differences in undiagnosed cases. We observed two peaks in the decline in cancer diagnoses: March to May 2020 (−37%) and October to December 2020 (−19%). The decline persisted over the course of 2020 and was higher in males and patients aged 74+. Diagnoses of all four common cancers analysed (female breast, lung, colorectal and prostate) remained below pre‐pandemic levels. For breast and colorectal cancers, the decline in diagnoses was high in the age groups targeted by population‐based screening programmes. We observed a reduction in localised stage cancer diagnoses for all four cancers. Our data confirm that timely monitoring of cancer diagnoses and interventions to prevent disruption of routine diagnostic services are needed to mitigate the impact of emergencies on cancer patients.
Context‐relevant risk and protective factors for children in rural communities: Long‐term implications for adulthood educational and mental health outcomes
Authors: Shen Wensong , Hannum Emily 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobally, rural children are more likely than others to experience barriers to opportunity. We propose context‐relevant family risk and protective factors for children in rural villages in one of China's poorest provinces and analyze long‐term implications for educational and mental health outcomes in early adulthood. Four proposed risk factors—low parental education, insufficient income, parental migration, and parental ill‐health—show statistically significant detrimental implications for educational attainment. Low parental education stands out, with negative estimated effects on all outcomes. Insufficient income predicts higher scores for depression but not self‐esteem. Parental migration and parental ill health have no significant relationships with mental health outcomes. Proposed protective factors– parental warmth, doing things together, and household credit limit—have positive estimated effects on educational attainment, but not on most mental health outcomes. Few interactions between protective and risk factors exist, and patterns are generally similar for girls and boys.
Barriers to employment for people with intellectual disabilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Self‐advocate and family perspectives
Authors: Bialik Kimber , Mhiri Manel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite a growing focus on disability‐inclusive employment and livelihoods, people with intellectual disabilities and their families remain underrepresented in both the literature and in employment programming. This paper identifies key barriers to inclusive employment collected through six (6) focus groups made up of people with intellectual disabilities (N:54) and their family members (N:45) in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Self‐advocates and families report stigma, denial of access to education, safety and security concerns, pressure to engage in self‐employment, and discrimination as key barriers. Their experiences can contribute to more inclusive cross‐disability perspectives on employment and provide guidance for practitioners aiming to design responsive disability‐inclusive employment programmes.
Comparative effectiveness and durability of COVID‐19 vaccination against death and severe disease in an ongoing nationwide mass vaccination campaign
Authors: Lytras Theodore , Kontopidou Flora , Lambrou Angeliki , Tsiodras Sotirios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mass vaccination campaigns are rolled out, monitoring real‐world Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and its durability is essential. We aimed to estimate COVID‐19 VE against severe disease and death in the Greek population, for all vaccines currently in use. Nationwide active surveillance and vaccination registry data during January–December 2021 were used to estimate VE via quasi‐Poisson regression, adjusted for age and calendar time. Interaction terms were included to assess VE by age group, against the “delta” severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant and waning of VE over time. Two doses of BNT162b2, mRNA‐1273, or ChAdOx1 nCov‐19 vaccines offered very high (>90%) VE against both intubation and death across all age groups, similar against both “delta” and previous variants, with one‐dose Ad26.COV2.S slightly lower. VE waned over time but remained >80% at 6 months, and three doses increased VE again to near 100%. Vaccination prevented an estimated 19 691 COVID‐19 deaths (95% confidence interval: 18 890–20 788) over the study period. All approved vaccines offer strong and also durable protection against COVID‐19 severe disease and death. Every effort should be made to vaccinate the population with at least two doses, to reduce the mortality and morbidity impact of the pandemic.
Gender differences in the relationship between presenteeism and extra‐role behaviors
Authors: Luksyte Aleksandra , Unsworth Kerrie L. , Avery Derek R. , Cordery John L. , Seah Jasmine 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe relationship between presenteeism, or working despite ill‐health, and extra‐role behavior can be negative, positive, or null. Our research examines the role of gender in influencing this relationship. We build on the self‐regulatory perspective on resource allocation in the context of presenteeism, which emphasizes the role of internal and external pressure on resources. We hypothesize that sick men will direct their resources toward protecting their performance rather than their health, thereby demonstrating citizenship. In contrast, sick women focus their resources on protecting their health, thereby not engaging in extra‐role behaviors. We tested our hypotheses in three studies. The results of Study 1, based on employees' (N = 78) and their supervisors' (N = 17) data, showed that sick men appeared to protect their performance by engaging in extra‐role behaviors. The findings of Study 2 (N = 280) demonstrated that citizenship pressure was not related to the extra‐role behaviors of sick men. Yet it was associated with the performance of sick women, who, unlike men, appeared to preserve health and engaged in extra‐role behaviors only when they felt pressured to do so. The results of the experimental Study 3 (N = 195) showed that, as predicted, women tended to protect health more than men and that when health protection motive was high (low), presenteeism was negatively (positively) related to extra‐role behavior.
Effect of l‐amino acid‐based biostimulants on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in lettuce plants
Authors: Navarro‐León Eloy , López‐Moreno Francisco Javier , Borda Elisabet , Marín Cándido , Sierras Nuria , Blasco Begoña , Ruiz Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiostimulants are increasingly integrated into production systems with the goal of modifying physiological processes in plants to optimize productivity. Specifically, l‐α‐amino acid‐based biostimulants enhance plant productivity through improved photosynthesis and increased assimilation of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N). This element is a major component of fertilizers, which usually are applied in excess. Thus, the inefficient use of N fertilizers has generated a serious environmental pollution issue. The use of biostimulants has the potential to address problems related to N fertilization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze whether two biostimulants based on l‐α‐amino acid (Terra Sorb® radicular and Terramin® Pro) designed by Bioiberica, S.A.U company can compensate deficient N fertilization and test its effect on lettuce plants. Growth, photosynthetic, N accumulation, and N use efficiency (NUE) parameters were analyzed on lettuce leaves.RESULTSResults showed that regardless of N fertilization, the use of both biostimulants, especially Terramin® Pro, increased biomass production. Moreover, both biostimulants enhanced photosynthetic, NO3− and total N accumulations as well as NUE parameters.CONCLUSIONTherefore, Terra Sorb® radicular and Terramin® Pro constitute a useful tool for crops development in N‐limiting areas, and in intensive agricultural areas without N deficiency allowing the reduction of N inputs without impairing crop yields and reducing environmental impact. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.