bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uzzaman Md. Nazim , Agarwal Dhiraj , Chan Soo Chin , Patrick Engkasan Julia , Habib G.M. Monsur , Hanafi Nik Sherina , Jackson Tracy , Jebaraj Paul , Khoo Ee Ming , Mirza Fatim Tahirah , Pinnock Hilary , Shunmugam Ranita Hisham , Rabinovich Roberto A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite proven effectiveness for people with chronic respiratory diseases, practical barriers to attending centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation (centre-PR) limit accessibility. We aimed to review the clinical effectiveness, components and completion rates of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (home-PR) compared to centre-PR or usual care.Methods and analysisUsing Cochrane methodology, we searched (January 1990 to August 2021) six electronic databases using a PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study type) search strategy, assessed Cochrane risk of bias, performed meta-analysis and narrative synthesis to answer our objectives and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework to rate certainty of evidence.ResultsWe identified 16 studies (1800 COPD patients; 11 countries). The effects of home-PR on exercise capacity and/or health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were compared to either centre-PR (n=7) or usual care (n=8); one study used both comparators. Compared to usual care, home-PR significantly improved exercise capacity (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.88, 95% CI 0.32–1.44; p=0.002) and HRQoL (SMD −0.62, 95% CI −0.88–−0.36; p<0.001). Compared to centre-PR, home-PR showed no significant difference in exercise capacity (SMD −0.10, 95% CI −0.25–0.05; p=0.21) or HRQoL (SMD 0.01, 95% CI −0.15–0.17; p=0.87).ConclusionHome-PR is as effective as centre-PR in improving functional exercise capacity and quality of life compared to usual care, and is an option to enable access to pulmonary rehabilitation.
Ancestry-related distribution of Runs of homozygosity and functional variants in Qatari population
Authors: Mezzavilla Massimo , Cocca Massimiliano , Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Badii Ramin , Abbaszadeh Fatemeh , Hadi Khalid Abdul , Giorgia Girotto , Gasparini Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Describing how genetic history shapes the pattern of medically relevant variants could improve the understanding of how specific loci interact with each other and affect diseases and traits prevalence. The Qatari population is characterized by a complex history of admixture and substructure, and the study of its population genomic features would provide valuable insights into the genetic landscape of functional variants. Here, we analyzed the genomic variation of 186 newly-genotyped healthy individuals from the Qatari peninsula.

Results
We discovered an intricate genetic structure using ancestry related analyses. In particular, the presence of three different clusters, Cluster 1, Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 (with Near Eastern, South Asian and African ancestry, respectively), was detected with an additional fourth one (Cluster 4) with East Asian ancestry. These subpopulations show differences in the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and admixture events in the past, ranging from 40 to 5 generations ago. This complex genetic history led to a peculiar pattern of functional markers under positive selection, differentiated in shared signals and private signals. Interestingly we found several signatures of shared selection on SNPs in the FADS2 gene, hinting at a possible common evolutionary link to dietary intake. Among the private signals, we found enrichment for markers associated with HDL and LDL for Cluster 1(Near Eastern ancestry) and Cluster 3 (South Asian ancestry) and height and blood traits for Cluster 2 (African ancestry).
The differences in genetic history among these populations also resulted in the different frequency distribution of putative loss of function variants. For example, homozygous carriers for rs2884737, a variant linked to an anticoagulant drug (warfarin) response, are mainly represented by individuals with predominant Bedouin ancestry (risk allele frequency G at 0.48).

Conclusions
We provided a detailed catalogue of the different ancestral pattern in the Qatari population highlighting differences and similarities in the distribution of selected variants and putative loss of functions. Finally, these results would provide useful guidance for assessing genetic risk factors linked to consanguinity and genetic ancestry.
A 'good dyadic relationship' between older couples with one having mild cognitive impairment: a Q-methodology
Authors: Cheung Daphne Sze Ki , Ho Grace Wing Ka , Chan Athena Chung Yin , Ho Ken Hok Man , Kwok Robin Ka Ho , Law Yammie Pui Yan , Bressington Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment gradually brings changes to the relationship between older married couples. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the individual viewpoints of couple dyads on the important attributes of a 'good dyadic relationship' in the context of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to explore if the congruencies and discrepancies in their perceptions related to the quality and closeness of their relationship and well-being.

Methods
Q-methodology was used to reveal the perceptions of a ‘good dyadic relationship’ among couples with one having MCI. The participating couples were separated in two rooms and independently ranked 18 relationship attributes from least to most important on a 7-point Q-sort response grid. All participants also completed a post-sort interview and surveys to assess their psychological well-being and closeness. Q-sorts were analyzed using by-person factor analysis.

Results
Forty people with MCI and forty spousal partners completed the Q-sort. Three viewpoints, accounting for 48% of the total variance, were identified and were labeled ‘Provider,’ ‘Problem-solver,’ and ‘Partner.’ Different viewpoints of a ‘good dyadic relationship’ primarily varied by perceived importance of commitment, dedication, tolerance, and personal space. Despite these differences, there was wide consensus that respecting each other and cherishing the current moment are two universally salient attributes of a good relationship across all viewpoints. Couples with discrepant views scored significantly higher on perceptions of the quality of the relationship and closeness with the partner.

Conclusions
This study advances the theoretical understanding of the dyadic relationship between couples with one having MCI, from both perspectives. MCI is a state in which couples can openly discuss their expectations. The findings provide practitioners with insights to work with couples experiencing MCI.
Nuclear receptor ligand screening in an iPSC-derived in vitro blood–brain barrier model identifies new contributors to leptin transport
Authors: Shi Yajuan , Kim Hyosung , Hamann Catherine A. , Rhea Elizabeth M. , Brunger Jonathan M. , Lippmann Ethan S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe hormone leptin exerts its function in the brain to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure to prevent obesity. However, most obese subjects reflect the resistance to leptin even with elevated serum leptin. Considering that leptin must cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in several regions to enter the brain parenchyma, altered leptin transport through the BBB might play an important role in leptin resistance and other biological conditions. Here, we report the use of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB model to explore mechanisms that influence leptin transport.MethodsiPSCs were differentiated into brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC)-like cells using standard methods. BMEC-like cells were cultured in Transwell filters, treated with ligands from a nuclear receptor agonist library, and assayed for leptin transport using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. RNA sequencing was further used to identify differentially regulated genes and pathways. The role of a select hit in leptin transport was tested with the competitive substrate assay and after gene knockdown using CRISPR techniques.ResultsFollowing a screen of 73 compounds, 17β-estradiol was identified as a compound that could significantly increase leptin transport. RNA sequencing revealed many differentially expressed transmembrane transporters after 17β-estradiol treatment. Of these, cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1, encoded by SLC7A1) was selected for follow-up analyses due to its high and selective expression in BMECs in vivo. Treatment of BMEC-like cells with CAT-1 substrates, as well as knockdown of CAT-1 expression via CRISPR-mediated epigenome editing, yielded significant increases in leptin transport.ConclusionsA major female sex hormone, as well as an amino acid transporter, were revealed as regulators of leptin BBB transport in the iPSC-derived BBB model. Outcomes from this work provide insights into regulation of hormone transport across the BBB.
A qualitative study exploring teachers’ beliefs regarding breastfeeding education in family and consumer sciences classrooms
Authors: Singletary Nicola , Bruce Jackie , Goodell L. Suzanne , Fogleman April 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch shows that elementary and secondary school children have considered infant feeding choices for when they become parents and are interested in learning about breastfeeding in school. Despite recommendations to include infant feeding education in secondary school classrooms, teachers’ practices and attitudes regarding this topic have been the subject of minimal research. The purpose of this study was to explore North Carolina, USA, family and consumer sciences teachers’ infant feeding education practices and their views on incorporating breastfeeding education in the curricula of family and consumer sciences classes that cover topics related to parenting and nutrition.MethodsThe study used a purposive sample of 19 teachers who participated in semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews exploring their attitudes and practices relating to infant feeding education. We transcribed and analyzed the interviews using the constant comparative method through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior by examining the participants’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls.ResultsTeachers had predominantly positive attitudes towards the inclusion of breastfeeding education in high school parenting, child development, and nutrition courses, citing the need to normalize breastfeeding and support students’ ability to make informed choices when they become parents. Teachers’ subjective norms included concerns about parents’ and administrators’ views on the appropriateness of the content and apprehension about negative student responses. Perceived behavioral controls included student maturity, teachers’ own experiences and comfort with infant feeding, and the view that curriculum guidelines limit content selection.ConclusionsThe results of this study can be used in the development and implementation of secondary school education programs that increase knowledge about infant feeding and positive attitudes towards breastfeeding for all members of the community. Teachers’ concerns need to be addressed in the implementation of these programs.
Successful treatment with femoro-femoral venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in traumatic tracheal injury: a case report
Authors: Ko Haein , Oh Sang Gi , Song Sang Yun , Lee Kyo Seon , Kim Do Wan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Traumatic tracheal injury is a rare type of trauma. In this type of injury, catastrophes may occur owing to a failure to secure the patient's airway. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is rescue therapy available for the treatment of urgent cardiorespiratory distress until the patient's vital signs have stabilized. The various applications of ECMO configurations have expanded the scope for this therapy.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 66-year-old man with tracheal rupture with thyroid cartilage fracture due to cultivator handle who was treated with veno-venous ECMO. This case reflects the role and limitations of veno-venous ECMO, in which patient survival was possible with a bi-femoral configuration while also ensuring a clear airway.

Conclusion
We shared our experience with bi-femoral veno-venous ECMO as a therapeutic option to contribute to choosing an appropriate approach. Based on our review of the literature, the present case was an uncommon report of survival after tracheal rupture due to trauma without other complications.
Nanoscale alterations in GABAB receptors and GIRK channel organization on the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Martín-Belmonte Alejandro , Aguado Carolina , Alfaro-Ruiz Rocío , Moreno-Martínez Ana Esther , de la Ossa Luis , Aso Ester , Gómez-Acero Laura , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Fukazawa Yugo , Ciruela Francisco , Luján Rafael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a reorganization of brain activity determining network hyperexcitability and loss of synaptic plasticity. Precisely, a dysfunction in metabotropic GABAB receptor signalling through G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK or Kir3) channels on the hippocampus has been postulated. Thus, we determined the impact of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in GIRK channel density, subcellular distribution, and its association with GABAB receptors in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from the APP/PS1 mouse model using quantitative SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labelling (SDS-FRL) and proximity ligation in situ assay (P-LISA). In wild type mice, single SDS-FRL detection revealed a similar dendritic gradient for GIRK1 and GIRK2 in CA1 pyramidal cells, with higher densities in spines, and GIRK3 showed a lower and uniform distribution. Double SDS-FRL showed a co-clustering of GIRK2 and GIRK1 in post- and presynaptic compartments, but not for GIRK2 and GIRK3. Likewise, double GABAB1 and GIRK2 SDS-FRL detection displayed a high degree of co-clustering in nanodomains (40–50 nm) mostly in spines and axon terminals. In APP/PS1 mice, the density of GIRK2 and GIRK1, but not for GIRK3, was significantly reduced along the neuronal surface of CA1 pyramidal cells and in axon terminals contacting them. Importantly, GABAB1 and GIRK2 co-clustering was not present in APP/PS1 mice. Similarly, P-LISA experiments revealed a significant reduction in GABAB1 and GIRK2 interaction on the hippocampus of this animal model. Overall, our results provide compelling evidence showing a significant reduction on the cell surface density of pre- and postsynaptic GIRK1 and GIRK2, but not GIRK3, and a decline in GABAB receptors and GIRK2 channels co-clustering in hippocampal pyramidal neurons from APP/PS1 mice, thus suggesting that a disruption in the GABAB receptor–GIRK channel membrane assembly causes dysregulation in the GABAB signalling via GIRK channels in this AD animal model.
Disparities in years of potential life lost among racial and ethnic groups in Washington state
Authors: Amiri Solmaz , Stanley Sandte L. , Denney Justin T. , Buchwald Dedra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The disproportionate mortality burden racial and ethnic groups endure compared to their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts is a widely known public health issue in the United States.

Methods
We examined disparities in premature mortality through a measure of years of potential life lost (YPLL) among racial and ethnic groups after accounting for individual and place-based risk factors. Data were nearly 400,000 geocoded death records from Washington state mortality records from 2011 to 2018. Decedent records included information on marital status and educational attainment at time of death. We linked these records to census tract indicators of rurality and area deprivation based on residential longitude and latitude coordinates at time of death. We conducted censored Poisson regression to test adjusted associations between racial and ethnic identity and YPLL.

Results
Relative to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Asian or other Pacific Islanders, multiracial, and Hispanic decedents had significantly higher rates of YPLL. Controlling for sociodemographic factors reduced but did not eliminate the disparities in YPLL between non-Hispanic whites and other racial and ethnic groups. Controlling for place-based risk factors did not further attenuate differences.

Conclusions
Racial and ethnic minorities suffer disproportionately from premature mortality. Researchers and policy makers must recognize the disproportionate risks to premature mortality and work together to alleviate them through the delivery of better and more accessible targeted services.
Bioelectronic multifunctional bone implants: recent trends
Authors: Soares dos Santos Marco P. , Bernardo Rodrigo M. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe concept of Instrumented Smart Implant emerged as a leading research topic that aims to revolutionize the field of orthopaedic implantology. These implants have been designed incorporating biophysical therapeutic actuation, bone-implant interface sensing, implant-clinician communication and self-powering ability. The ultimate goal is to implement revist interface, controlled by clinicians/surgeons without troubling the quotidian activities of patients. Developing such high-performance technologies is of utmost importance, as bone replacements are among the most performed surgeries worldwide and implant failure rates can still exceed 10%. In this review paper, an overview to the major breakthroughs carried out in the scope of multifunctional smart bone implants is provided. One can conclude that many challenges must be overcome to successfully develop them as revision-free implants, but their many strengths highlight a huge potential to effectively establish a new generation of high-sophisticated biodevices.
Detection and characterization of rice orange leaf phytoplasma infection in rice and Recilia dorsalis
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Ji Zhenxi , Huang Zhejun , Zhao Yibing , Wang Huanqin , Jiang Zhoumian , Li Zhanpeng , Chen Hongyan , Chen Wenle , Wei Taiyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhytoplasmas are small bacterial parasites that lack cell walls and are transmitted in a persistent-propagative manner by insect vectors. However, detailed multiplication patterns and movements of phytoplasmas within host plant and insect vector remain elusive. In this study, a specific antibody against the immunodominant membrane protein (Imp) of rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) was generated and subjected to the frozen section immune gold labeling assay, immune gold labeling microscopy, and immune fluorescence labeling assay to investigate how ROLP enters, propagates, and spreads in rice and its leafhopper vector Recilia dorsalis at the ultrastructural level. During acquisition and transmission by insect vectors, ROLPs could squeeze and penetrate the multiple membrane/tissue barriers such as microvilli, apical plasmalemma, and basal lamina in the intestines or salivary glands by endocytosis- and exocytosis-like mechanism. Furthermore, ROLP infection is restricted to the type IV and V cells of salivary glands. In contrast to the classical binary fission used by most bacteria, electron microscopy reveals that ROLP exploits an asymmetrical budding strategy to replicate in plant hosts and insect vectors. In this process, a cellular protrusion of ROLP forms a bud to reproduce the offspring by fission at the junction between the bud and the ROLP main body. These results clarify the infection characteristics of ROLP in rice and R. dorsalis, which will help guide the formulation of ROLP prevention and control strategies.
Vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion: mechanisms, biological functions, and their implications for potential disease therapy
Authors: Cui Lele , Li Hao , Xi Yufeng , Hu Qianli , Liu Huimin , Fan Jiaqi , Xiang Yijuan , Zhang Xing , Shui Weiwei , Lai Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntracellular vesicle trafficking is the fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. These organelles transport cargo from the donor membrane to the target membrane through the cargo containing vesicles. Vesicle trafficking pathway includes vesicle formation from the donor membrane, vesicle transport, and vesicle fusion with the target membrane. Coat protein mediated vesicle formation is a delicate membrane budding process for cargo molecules selection and package into vesicle carriers. Vesicle transport is a dynamic and specific process for the cargo containing vesicles translocation from the donor membrane to the target membrane. This process requires a group of conserved proteins such as Rab GTPases, motor adaptors, and motor proteins to ensure vesicle transport along cytoskeletal track. Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptors (SNARE)-mediated vesicle fusion is the final process for vesicle unloading the cargo molecules at the target membrane. To ensure vesicle fusion occurring at a defined position and time pattern in eukaryotic cell, multiple fusogenic proteins, such as synaptotagmin (Syt), complexin (Cpx), Munc13, Munc18 and other tethering factors, cooperate together to precisely regulate the process of vesicle fusion. Dysfunctions of the fusogenic proteins in SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion are closely related to many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that stimulated membrane fusion can be manipulated pharmacologically via disruption the interface between the SNARE complex and Ca2+ sensor protein. Here, we summarize recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of vesicle trafficking, and implications for the development of new therapeutics based on the manipulation of vesicle fusion.
Quantifying the fragmentation of polypropylene upon exposure to accelerated weathering
Authors: Meides Nora , Mauel Anika , Menzel Teresa , Altstädt Volker , Ruckdäschel Holger , Senker Jürgen , Strohriegl Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymers are omnipresent in our everyday lives. For specific applications, their properties can be extensively modified by various types of additives, e.g., processing stabilizers, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, flame retardants, and plasticizers. While several additives are nowadays considered to be toxic or persistent in the environment, quantitative data characterizing plastic fragmentation and microplastic formation have not yet been discussed in detail. Here, we present a long-term, laboratory-controlled accelerated weathering study on polypropylene (PP) particles with and without processing stabilizers. We were able to identify the stabilizers as Irgafos® 168, and Irganox® 1010. For both PP sample sets, we monitored the degradation using a combination of various analytical methods, such as gel permeation chromatography, particle size distributions, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C magic-angle spinning NMR and liquid-state 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The stabilizers prevent degradation by simulated solar radiation for about 350 h. Then, degradation sets in rapidly, leading to an exponential decrease in molecular weight and particle size, accompanied by an increase in crystallinity and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. After 3200 h, representing approximately 2 years of outdoor weathering, both PP samples exhibit comparable characteristics and sizes, regardless if a stabilizer was initially present. During degradation, an extremely large number of 100,000 daughter particles (4 µm) are formed and released from one MP particle of 192 µm diameter. Their physical properties and chemical composition have largely changed, resulting in a very low molecular weight and a hydrophilic character. These particles no longer resemble pristine PP. We thus expect them to be more prone to biodegradation compared to the starting material.