bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: role of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity and diabetes—what hepatologists need to know
Authors: Barritt A. Sidney , Marshman Emma , Noureddin Mazen 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation, cell injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, is a key pathogenic driver of NASH. Other than difficult‐to‐maintain lifestyle changes, there are no approved treatments for NASH. Due to their effects on multiple pathophysiological processes, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have been tested in disorders related to insulin resistance and metabolic defects.AimsTo summarise studies of GLP‐1RAs relevant to the treatment of NASH.MethodsPubMed searches were performed and results were compiled.ResultsLarge trials with GLP‐1RAs in T2D demonstrate highly effective glucose lowering, with body weight loss, and in some cases, reduced cardiovascular events and improved liver transaminases. The GLP‐1RAs, liraglutide and semaglutide, were associated with clinically relevant, sustained body weight reduction in individuals with overweight or obesity and without T2D. In a phase II trial in NASH, liraglutide reduced metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in key organs associated with NASH pathogenesis. Furthermore, liraglutide and semaglutide led to histological resolution of NASH in ~40% to 60% of patients, although a statistically significant effect on fibrosis has not been confirmed. Regarding safety, GLP‐1RAs are associated with gastrointestinal and gallbladder‐related adverse events, with the latter perhaps related to weight loss. Meta‐analyses do not indicate increased risk of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer or other malignancies with GLP‐1RAs.ConclusionsThese studies support the use of GLP‐1RAs for the improvement of underlying metabolic dysfunction observed in NASH and suggest further long‐term phase III trials are warranted.
Teachers’ views on the acceptability and implementation of the Incredible Years® Teacher Classroom Management programme in English (UK) primary schools from the STARS trial
Authors: Allen Kate , Hansford Lorraine , Hayes Rachel , Longdon Bryony , Allwood Matthew , Price Anna , Byford Sarah , Norwich Brahm , Ford Tamsin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe Incredible Years® (IY) Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) programme may reduce disruptive behaviour in the classroom and improve child and teacher mental health; however, few studies have considered how acceptable TCM is to teachers or what facilitators and barriers there are to its implementation.AimsIn this paper we examine the acceptability of the full 6‐day TCM programme and teachers’ perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation in the English (UK) primary school context.SampleForty‐four English (UK) primary school teachers who attended the TCM programme as part of the STARS trial.MethodsWe completed focus groups and telephone interviews with participating teachers 2 months after they completed the TCM programme. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data, and a framework approach was applied to organize and summarize themes.ResultsTeachers liked the structure of the course, the peer group learning environment, delivery methods, and the opportunity to reflect outside the classroom on their practice. They reported that the video clips used lacked cultural relevance and highlighted the importance of group leadership style. Perceived facilitators to implementation included an understanding of the theory underpinning TCM and adaptability of the TCM strategies. Barriers included perceived gaps in the course content in relation to challenging behaviour, applying strategies with older children and the school context within which teachers were working.ConclusionOur findings suggest high levels of acceptability to TCM overall, but also highlight the need for a whole school approach to combat potential barriers to implementation.
A compliment’s cost: How positive responses to non‐traditional choices may paradoxically reinforce traditional gender norms
Authors: Meeussen Loes , Koudenburg Namkje 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn times of societal change, like changes in gender roles, one may compliment men deciding to spend more time on childcare, or women pursuing a job higher up, to support their pioneering behaviour. However, we predict that while compliments may communicate appreciation of someone's behaviour, they simultaneously communicate that a norm has been breached, and thus that the behaviour is not considered ‘normal’. In four studies (total N = 821), we show that men receive more compliments for reducing work hours for childcare than women (Study 1). Moreover, compliments (compared to neutral responses) signal more descriptive norm deviance, and this has downstream consequences for perceptions of the target's gender belonging and decision doubt and for perceived societal norms (Studies 2–4). Together, these findings contribute to our understanding of normative communication patterns as well as potential paradoxical reinforcement of gender norms through compliments.
Effects of cognitive reserve proxies on cognitive function and frontoparietal control network in subjects with white matter hyperintensities: A cross‐sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Ye Qing , Zhu Huahong , Chen Huiping , Liu Renyuan , Huang Lili , Chen Haifeng , Cheng Yue , Qin Ruomeng , Shao Pengfei , Xu Hengheng , Ma Junyi , Xu Yun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to analyze the potential association between cognition reserve (CR) components, including education, working activity, and leisure time activity, and cognitive function in subjects with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The study also explored the role of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) in such association.MethodsWhite matter hyperintensities subjects with and without cognitive impairment (CI) were evaluated with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, and CR survey. FPCN patterns were assessed with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seed‐based functional connectivity analysis.ResultsEducation was positively associated with cognitive function in WMH subjects with or without CI, whereas working activity and leisure time activity were positively associated with cognitive function only in those without CI. Similarly, education was associated with bilateral FPCN in both WMH groups, whereas working activity and leisure time activity were associated with bilateral FPCN mainly in the group without CI. Furthermore, FPCN partially mediated the association between education and cognitive function in both WMH groups.ConclusionEducation showed a positive impact on cognitive function in WMH subjects regardless of their cognitive status, whereas working activity and leisure time activity exhibited beneficial effects only in those without CI. The FPCN mediated the beneficial effect of education on cognitive function.
Telomere shortening impairs alveolar regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xin , Shi Mengting , Zhao Xi , Bin Ennan , Hu Yucheng , Tang Nan , Dai Huaping , Wang Chen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesShort telomeres in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have been associated with many lung diseases. The study aimed to investigate the regeneration capacity of AT2 cells with short telomeres by knocking out Tert in mice (G4 Tert−/−) from the whole to the cellular level.Materials and MethodsThe lung injury model of mice was established by left pneumonectomy (PNX). The proliferation and differentiation of AT2 cells were observed by immunofluorescence staining in vivo and in vitro. The difference of the gene expression between control and G4 Tert−/− group during the regeneration of AT2 cells was compared by RNA sequencing. The expression of tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3) was reduced by adeno‐associated virus delivery.ResultsThe alveolar regeneration in G4 Tert−/− mice was impaired after PNX‐induced lung injury. The regulation of cytoskeleton remodelling was defective in G4 Tert−/− AT2 cells. The expression of TPPP3 was gradually increased during AT2 cell differentiation. The expression level of TPPP3 was reduced in G4 Tert−/− AT2 cells. Reducing TPPP3 expression in AT2 cells limits the microtubule remodelling and differentiation of AT2 cells.ConclusionShort telomeres in AT2 cells result in the reduced expression level of TPPP3, leading to impaired regeneration capacity of AT2 cells.
Cytological patterns of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Voicu Sebastian , Malissin Isabelle , Pepin‐Lehaleur Adrien , Sutterlin Laetitia , Naim Giulia , M'Rad Aymen , Guerin Emmanuelle , Ekherian Jean‐Michel , Deye Nicolas , Adle‐Biassette Homa , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Patterns of inflammatory bronchoalveolar cells in COVID‐19 patients treated with ECMO are not well described.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe inflammatory cell subpopulations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) obtained in critically ill COVID‐19 patients shortly after ECMO implementation.MethodsBAL was performed in the middle lobe in 12 consecutive ECMO‐treated COVID‐19 patients. Trained cytologists analyzed peripheral blood and BAL cells using flow cytometry and routine staining, respectively. Data were interpreted in relation to dexamethasone administration and weaning from ECMO and ventilator.ResultsHigh neutrophil proportions (66% to 88% of total cells) were observed in the absence of bacterial superinfection and more frequently in dexamethasone‐free patients (83% [82–85] vs. 29% [8–68], P = 0.006), suggesting that viral infection could be responsible of predominantly neutrophilic lung inflammation. Successful weaning from ECMO/ventilator could not be predicted by the peripheral white blood and BAL cell pattern.ConclusionHigh neutrophil proportions can be observed in critically ill COVID‐19 patients despite the lack of microbiological evidence on BAL of bacterial superinfection. Dexamethasone was associated with lower neutrophil proportions in BAL. Our study was probably underpowered to provide BAL cell pattern helpful to predict weaning from ECMO/ventilator.
The role of early extubation on short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation – A systematic review, meta‐analysis and expert recommendations
Authors: Tinguely Pascale , Badenoch Adam , Krzanicki Dominik , Kronish Kate , Lindsay Martine , Khanal Pragalva , Wells Gemma , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , McCluskey Stuart A ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly extubation in liver transplantation (LT) and its potential benefits such as reduction in pulmonary complications and enhanced postoperative recovery have been described. The extent of the effect of early extubation on short‐term outcomes after LT across the published literature is to the best of our knowledge unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine whether early extubation improves immediate and short‐term outcomes after LT and to provide expert recommendations.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis on short‐term outcomes after early extubation in LT was performed (CRD42021241402), following PRISMA guidelines and quality of evidence (QOE) and recommendations grading using the GRADE approach, derived from an international experts panel. Endpoints were reintubation rates, pulmonary and other complications/organ dysfunction, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsOf 831 screened articles, 20 observational studies with a total of 3573 patients addressing early extubation protocols were included, of which 12 studies compared results after early versus deferred extubation. Reintubation and pulmonary complication rates were lower in the early versus deferred extubation groups (OR 0.29, CI 0.22–0.39; OR 0.17, CI 0.09–0.33, respectively). ICU and hospital LOS were shorter in eight out of eight and seven out of eight comparative studies, respectively.ConclusionsEarly extubation after LT is associated with improved short‐term outcomes after LT and should be performed in the majority of patients (QOE; Moderate to low | Grade of Recommendation; Strong). Randomized controlled trials using standardized definitions of early extubation and short‐term outcomes are needed to demonstrate causality, validate and allow comparability of the results.
Absence experience in grief
Authors: Richardson Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I consider the implications of grief for philosophical theorising about absence experience. I argue that whilst some absence experiences that occur in grief might be explained by extant philosophical accounts of absence experience, others need different treatment. I propose that grieving subjects' descriptions of feeling as if the world seems empty or a part of them seems missing can be understood as referring to a distinctive type of absence experience. In these profound absence experiences, I will argue, the absence of a person as a condition on various possibilities is made manifest in the structure of experience over time. Thus, by paying close attention to grief, we can see that even accounts of absence experience that are presented as in competition with one another may not be so, and that to explain all kinds of absence experience we sometimes need to appeal to something overlooked in other accounts, and which is neither straightforwardly perceptual or cognitive. I also suggest that we would have good reason to take such experiences to be part of and not merely psychological effects of grief.
Morality, politics, and contingency
Authors: Lyons Johnny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influential realist thesis that politics and morals are distinct and mutually exclusive spheres of interest is one that has been challenged within the tradition of analytic moral and political theory. Over the last 50 years, several notable liberal analytic philosophers, including Isaiah Berlin, Stuart Hampshire, and Thomas Nagel, have argued that not only is politics not separate from and inimical to ethics but that there exists such a thing as political morality. This article contends that while the notion of political morality may make more sense of what is regarded as a central and troubling problem of politics, it also forces us to confront the more fundamental challenge of the radical contingency of our moral and political predicament. Whether analytic political theory is capable of producing a convincing response to the latter challenge remains precariously unclear.
The intergenerational transmission of relationship instability: A focus on emerging adult on‐off relationships
Authors: Charvat Emily J. , Garneau‐Rosner Chelsea L. , Monk James Kale , Colaner Colleen W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study extends prior research on the intergenerational transmission of relationship instability by examining parents' history of on‐off relationships as a predictor of emerging adults' own cycling (i.e., breaking up and renewing with the same romantic partner). Data were collected at a large mid‐western university from 702 emerging adults (18–25 years old). Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict the likelihood that participants had cycled in a past or current relationship. Results show that parental cycling increased the likelihood of offspring cycling in a past or current relationship relative to never cycling, and greater uncertainty about the future of the relationship was a mechanism through which such transmission occurred. Findings from this study demonstrate that parental relationship instability can even be consequential for the transient relationships within emerging adulthood, making family history a productive area to explore for practitioners working with cyclical partners and/or emerging adults.
Ecosystem effects of invasive crayfish increase with crayfish density
Authors: Galib Shams M. , Sun Jingrui , Gröcke Darren R. , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The nature and extent of effects of increasing densities of non‐native species on stream ecosystems remain poorly understood. Non‐native crayfish are among the most invasive aquatic species and we hypothesised that, in temperate streams, the extent of trophic modification increases with non‐native crayfish density.

Instream flow‐through mesocosms in the River Lune, north‐east England, were used over a 47‐day period in summer to measure density effects of invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus on different ecosystem components (benthic fish, macroinvertebrates, algal biomass, and leaf litter breakdown). Effects were measured through three density treatments (low, medium, and high; four, eight, or 12 crayfish with five bullhead Cottus perifretum per 1.5 m2) and two control (crayfish and fish absent; crayfish absent and benthic fish present) groups.

Impacts of crayfish on macroinvertebrates (density, taxonomic composition), fish (growth, diet), algal standing stock, and decomposition rates increased with crayfish density. Direct effects of increased crayfish density were more important than indirect trophic cascade effects.

Despite similar invertebrate abundance and richness across enclosures before introducing crayfish and bullhead, they differed significantly from controls at the end of the study, with >80% reduction in macroinvertebrate abundance recorded in the high‐density group. Stable isotope (δ15N, δ13C) analysis showed that the trophic niche of bullhead, but not signal crayfish, changed when the species were in sympatry. Bullhead in treatment enclosures occupied a lower trophic position in the food web than those from the control group. Bullhead in the high‐density group lost 4.2% of body mass over the study period, confirming the existence of resource competition. Leaf litter break down was 59.2% faster, and algal biomass was 91.4% lower in the treatment with the highest crayfish density compared to the control without study animals.

This study indicates that signal crayfish, even at a low density, can strongly alter multiple ecosystem components in streams, and emphasises the need for minimising the spread of invasive crayfish within and between streams.
The response of ants to climate change
Authors: Parr Catherine L. , Bishop Tom R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the most dominant terrestrial organisms worldwide. They are hugely abundant, both in terms of sheer numbers and biomass, on every continent except Antarctica and are deeply embedded within a diversity of ecological networks and processes. Ants are also eusocial and colonial organisms—their lifecycle is built on the labor of sterile worker ants who support a small number of reproductive individuals. Given the climatic changes that our planet faces, we need to understand how various important taxonomic groups will respond; this includes the ants. In this review, we synthesize the available literature to tackle this question. The answer is complicated. The ant literature has focused on temperature, and we broadly understand the ways in which thermal changes may affect ant colonies, populations, and communities. In general, we expect that species living in the Tropics, and in thermally variable microhabitats, such as the canopy and leaf litter environments, will be negatively impacted by rising temperatures. Species living in the temperate zones and those able to thermally buffer their nests in the soil or behaviorally avoid higher temperatures, however, are likely to be unaffected or may even benefit from a changed climate. How ants will respond to changes to other abiotic drivers associated with climate change is largely unknown, as is the detail on how altered ant populations and communities will ramify through their wider ecological networks. We discuss how eusociality may allow ants to adapt to, or tolerate, climate change in ways that solitary organisms cannot and we identify key geographic and phylogenetic hotspots of climate vulnerability and resistance. We finish by emphasizing the key research questions that we need to address moving forward so that we may fully appreciate how this critical insect group will respond to the ongoing climate crisis.
The utility of P53 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus with indefinite for dysplasia
Authors: Januszewicz Wladyslaw , Pilonis Nastazja D , Sawas Tarek , Phillips Richard , O'Donovan Maria , Miremadi Ahmad , Malhotra Shalini , Tripathi Monika , Blasko Adrienn , Katzka David A , Fitzgerald Rebecca C , di Pietro Massimiliano 
Published: March 2022

AimsBarrett's oesophagus with indefinite for dysplasia (BE‐IND) is a subjective diagnosis with a low interobserver agreement (IOA) among pathologists and uncertain clinical implications. This study aimed to assess the utility of p53 immunohistochemistry (p53‐IHC) in assessing BE‐IND specimens.Methods and resultsArchive endoscopic biopsies with a BE‐IND diagnosis from two academic centres were analysed. First, haematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides (H&E) were reviewed by four expert gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists allocated into two groups (A and B). After a washout period of at least 8 weeks, H&E slides were reassessed side‐to‐side with p53‐IHC available. We compared the rate of changed diagnosis and the IOA for all BE grades before and after p53‐IHC. We included 216 BE‐IND specimens from 185 patients, 44.0 and 32.9% of which were confirmed after H&E slide revision by groups A and B, respectively. More than half the cases were reclassified to a non‐dysplastic BE (NDBE), while 5.6% of cases in group A and 7.4% in group B were reclassified to definite dysplasia. The IOA for NDBE, BE‐IND, low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) and high‐grade dysplasia (HGD)/intramucosal cancer (IMC) was 0.31, 0.21, −0.03 and −0.02, respectively. Use of p53‐IHC led to a >40% reduction in BE‐IND diagnoses (P < 0.001) and increased IOA for all BE grades [κ = 0.46 (NDBE), 0.26 (BE‐IND), 0.49 (LGD), 0.35 (HGD/IMC)]. An aberrant p53‐IHC pattern significantly increased the likelihood of reclassifying BE‐IND to definite dysplasia (odds ratio = 44.3, 95% confidence interval = 18.8–113.0).ConclusionP53‐IHC reduces the rate of BE‐IND diagnoses and improves the IOA among pathologists when reporting BE with equivocal epithelial changes.
Effect of Levilactobacillus brevis TISTR 860 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TISTR 951 on gamma‐aminobutyric acid content in fermented rice flour and rice noodles (Kanomjeen)
Authors: Chittrakhani Chonnipa , Songsermpong Sirichai , Trevanich Sudsai , Sukor Rashidah 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis research aimed to reduce the fermentation time of fermented rice flour for fermented rice noodles (Kanomjeen) to 24 h by adding the initial starter cultures, which are Levilactobacillus brevis TISTR 860 (LB) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TISTR 951 (LP) alone in rice slurry to achieve the quality and high gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. The initial pH value of rice slurry was adjusted to 4.5 and enriched with 2% of monosodium glutamate (MSG) before fermentation. LP was able to produce lactic acid and reduced pH better than LB but produced GABA in less content. Expanding fermentation time induced decreasing in viscosity and whiteness of flour. Fermented rice noodles provided better tensile strength and elasticity. In conclusion, LB could produce GABA in the amount of 21.80 mg/100 g dry basis in 24 h with good quality.