bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good acyclic orientations of 4‐regular 4‐connected graphs
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Kriesell Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn ‐ordering of a graph is an ordering of its vertex set such that and every vertex with has both a lower numbered and a higher numbered neighbor. Such orderings have played an important role in algorithms for planarity testing. It is well‐known that every 2‐connected graph has an ‐ordering for every choice of distinct vertices . An ‐ordering of a graph corresponds directly to a so‐called bipolar orientation of , that is, an acyclic orientation of in which is the unique source and is the unique sink. Clearly every bipolar orientation of a graph has an out‐branching rooted at the source vertex and an in‐branching rooted at the sink vertex. In this paper, we study graphs which admit a bipolar orientation that contains an out‐branching and in‐branching which are arc‐disjoint (such an orientation is called good). A 2T‐graph is a graph whose edge set can be decomposed into two edge‐disjoint spanning trees. Clearly a graph has a good orientation if and only if it contains a spanning 2T‐graph with a good orientation, implying that 2T‐graphs play a central role. It is a well‐known result due to Tutte and Nash‐Williams, respectively, that every 4‐edge‐connected graph contains a spanning 2T‐graph. Vertex‐minimal 2T‐graphs with at least two vertices, also known as generic circuits, play an important role in rigidity theory for graphs. Recently with Bessy and Huang we proved that every generic circuit has a good orientation. In fact, we may specify the roots of the two branchings arbitrarily as long as they are distinct. Using this, several results on good orientations of 2T‐graphs were obtained. It is an open problem whether there exists a polynomial algorithm for deciding whether a given 2T‐graph has a good orientation. Complex constructions of 2T‐graphs with no good orientation were given in work by Bang‐Jensen, Bessy, Huang and Kriesell (2021) indicating that the problem might be very difficult. In this paper, we focus on so‐called quartics which are 2T‐graphs where every vertex has degree 3 or 4. We identify a sufficient condition for a quartic to have a good orientation, give a polynomial algorithm to recognize quartics satisfying the condition and a polynomial algorithm to produce a good orientation when this condition is met. As a consequence of these results we prove that every 4‐regular and 4‐connected graph has a good orientation, where, as for generic circuits, we may specify the roots of the two branchings arbitrarily as long as they are distinct. We also provide evidence that even for quartics it may be difficult to find a characterization of those instances which have a good orientation. We also show that every graph on vertices and of minimum degree at least has a good orientation. Finally we pose a number of open problems.
Decreasing pre‐procedural fasting times in hospitalized children
Authors: Carroll Alison R. , McCoy Allison B. , Modes Katharina , Krehnbrink Marni , Starnes Lauren S. , Frost Patricia A. , Johnson David P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveProlonged pre‐procedural fasting in children is associated with decreased patient and family satisfaction and increased patient hemodynamic instability. Practice guidelines recommend clear liquid fasting times of 2 h. We aimed to decrease pre‐procedural clear liquid fasting time from 10 h 13 min to 5 h for pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) patients.MethodsAll children admitted to the PHM service at a quaternary care children's hospital with an NPO (nil per os) order associated with a procedure requiring general anesthesia or sedation from November 2, 2017 to September 19, 2021 were included. The primary outcome measure was the average time from clear liquid fasting end time to anesthesia start time. The process measure was the percent of NPO orders including a documented clear liquid fasting end time. Balancing measures were aspiration events and case delays/cancellations. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze outcomes.ResultsShortly after implementation of a SmartPhrase in the NPO order, there was special cause variation resulting in a centerline shift from a mean of 10 h 13 min to 6 h 37 min and an increase in the process measure from a baseline of 2%–52%. Following implementation of a hospital‐wide change to the NPO order format, another centerline shift to 6 h 7 min occurred which has been sustained for 6 months. No aspiration events and four NPO violations occurred during the intervention period.ConclusionQuality improvement methodology and higher reliability interventions safely decreased the average pre‐procedural fasting time in hospitalized children.
Expanding the mutational spectrum of Rahman syndrome: A rare disorder with severe intellectual disability and particular facial features in two Chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Jianbo , Lyu Guizhen , Ding Changhong , Wang Xiaohui , Li Jiuwei , Zhang Weihua , Yang Xinying , Zhang Victor Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic features of Rahman syndrome caused by HIST1H1E gene mutations.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical information and genetic testing results of a Rahman syndrome family in an outpatient clinic in August 2020 and summarized the clinical characteristics of the HIST1H1E gene mutations in conjunction with peer‐reviewed reports.ResultsA 4‐year‐old boy was diagnosed with severe developmental delay and with specific features (large head, full cheeks, high hairline, low‐set ear, sparse eyebrows, and short neck) similar to his mother (mild intellectual disability, high hairline, reduced hair, ptosis, sagging skin, and hyperkeratosis) and premature aging. Trio whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel maternal c.368dup (p.G124Rfs*72) heterozygous mutation in the HIST1H1E gene. There have been only a few reported cases with mainly de novo mutations. Only six peer‐reviewed articles in English and one in Chinese have been published regarding this syndrome. From 48 children with Rahman syndrome, 21 were males and 27 were females encompassing 25 mutations in the HIST1H1E gene. All mutations located in C‐terminal tail were frameshift mutations leading to premature protein termination.ConclusionRahman syndrome, caused by the HIST1H1E gene mutation, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder in which the patient has an unusual facial appearance with high hairline and full cheeks, and clinical manifestations of mild to severe intellectual disability, motor delay and speech delay. Genetic testing may assist in the diagnosis of these patients. This diagnosis will permit early speech rehabilitation to improve their quality of life.
Benchmarking Accuracy and Generalizability of Four Graph Neural Networks Using Large In Vitro ADME Datasets from Different Chemical Spaces
Authors: Broccatelli Fabio , Trager Richard , Reutlinger Michael , Karypis George , Li Mufei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we benchmark a variety of single‐ and multi‐task graph neural network (GNN) models against lower‐bar and higher‐bar traditional machine learning approaches employing human engineered molecular features. We consider four GNN variants – Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), Graph Attention Network (GAT), Message Passing Neural Network (MPNN), and Attentive Fingerprint (AttentiveFP). So far deep learning models have been primarily benchmarked using lower‐bar traditional models solely based on fingerprints, while more realistic benchmarks employing fingerprints, whole‐molecule descriptors and predictions from other related endpoints (e. g., LogD7.4) appear to be scarce for industrial ADME datasets. In addition to time‐split test sets based on Genentech data, this study benefits from the availability of measurements from an external chemical space (Roche data). We identify GAT as a promising approach to implementing deep learning models. While all the deep learning models significantly outperform lower‐bar benchmark traditional models solely based on fingerprints, only GATs seem to offer a small but consistent improvement over higher‐bar benchmark traditional models. Finally, the accuracy of in vitro assays from different laboratories predicting the same experimental endpoints appears to be comparable with the accuracy of GAT single‐task models, suggesting that most of the observed error from the models is a function of the experimental error propagation.
Prolonged grief disorder and depression are distinguishable syndromes: A latent transition analysis for bereaved family caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Wen Fur‐Hsing , Prigerson Holly G. , Chou Wen‐Chi , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Hsu Mei Huang , Tang Siew Tzuh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether distinctive prolonged‐grief‐disorder‐ (PGD) and depressive‐symptom states emerge among family caregivers of cancer patients over their first 2 years of bereavement. This may extend cross‐sectional evidence that PGD and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms can co‐occur/occur independently and validate their construct distinctiveness.MethodsIn this secondary‐analysis study, PGD symptoms and depressive symptoms were measured over 666 caregivers using 11 grief symptom items of the Prolonged Grief‐13 scale and 16 items of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression scale, respectively. Distinct PGD/depressive‐symptom states were identified by latent transition analysis with dichotomous indicators (presence/absence) of PGD or depressive symptoms.ResultsFour distinct PGD/depressive‐symptom states emerged. The resilient and subthreshold depression‐dominant states showed low and moderate probabilities of the presence of majority of depressive symptoms, respectively, with no PGD symptoms having a greater than moderate probability of presence. The depression‐dominant state was marked by a high probability of the presence for 9 of 16 depressive symptoms, with moderate probabilities for almost all PGD symptoms. The PGD‐depression comorbid state was characterized by a high probability of presence of all PGD symptoms and depressive symptoms, except for moderate probabilities of presence of two depressive symptoms.ConclusionOur longitudinal identification of a predominantly depressive state but absence of a PGD‐dominant state provides further evidence that PGD and MDD are related but distinct constructs that can occur independently or concurrently as the PGD‐depression comorbid state. When PGD is suspected, bereaved individuals should be assessed for the potential comorbidity of MDD.
Corruption, foreign aid, and international trade
Authors: Bahoo Salman , Alon Ilan , Floreani Josanco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorruption has varying effects on international trade flows. Through the lenses of the institutional and transaction costs theories, we propose a novel institutional analysis of foreign aid as a formal institution that moderates the negative impact of corruption on international trade. We investigate this framework using a sample of the imports and exports of 30 Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) member countries and their 150 trading partners from 1995 to 2018. We analyze two main types of bilateral foreign aid within this framework: official development assistance and aid for trade. We present three main findings. First, the trading partners' corruption has a negative impact on OECD bilateral imports and exports. Second, both forms of foreign aid moderate the negative effect of the trading partners' corruption on OECD countries' exports. These findings confirm that OECD member countries are willing to export to very corrupt countries. Third, official development assistance does not moderate the relationship between corruption and imports, meaning that OECD countries do not import from corrupt locations. However, aid for trade still moderates the negative impact of corruption on OCED countries' imports. Overall, we confirm that foreign aid negatively moderates the adverse effect of corruption on exports but not on imports. Thus, foreign aid as a formal institution deserves more attention from OECD policymakers and managers of MNEs as a mechanism for reducing corruption and boosting international trade.
Triphenylmethyl Thionitrite: An Efficient NO Transfer Reagent During the Synthesis of a Triruthenium Nitrosyl Cluster
Authors: Heinemann Jan , Böttcher Hans‐Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of the novel triruthenium nitrosyl cluster [Ru3(μ‐NO)(CO)5(μ‐H)(μ‐PBut2)2(μ‐dppm)] (2) is described. Compound 2 was obtained by the reaction of the 46‐valence electron cluster [Ru3(μ‐CO)(CO)4(μ3‐H)(μ‐H)(μ‐PBut2)2(μ‐dppm)] (1) with nitric oxide and on the other hand in a more efficient way by the reaction of 1 with the nitrosyl transfer reagent triphenylmethyl thionitrite (TTN). The reaction of 1 with NO was outlined in dichloromethane whereas the reaction with TTN was realized in THF. Both methods worked at ambient temperature affording compound 2 in high yield. Temporarily we found that the transformation of 1 with NO was accompanied by a fast side‐reaction resulting in a further substitution of CO ligands. The molecular structure of 2 in the crystal was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Investigating decadal variations of the seasonal predictability limit of sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific
Authors: Hou Zhaolu , Li Jianping , Ding Ruiqiang , Feng Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEl Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have a worldwide impact on seasonal to yearly climate. However, there are decadal variations in the seasonal prediction skill of ENSO in dynamical and statistical models; in particular, ENSO prediction skill has declined since 2000. The shortcomings of models mean that it is very important to study ENSO seasonal predictability and its decadal variation using observational/reanalysis data. Here we quantitatively estimate the seasonal predictability limit (PL) of ENSO from 1900 to 2015 using Nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent (NLLE) theory with an observational/reanalysis dataset and explore its decadal variations. The mean PL of sea surface temperature (SST) is high in the central/eastern tropical Pacific and low in the western tropical Pacific, reaching 12–15 and 7–8 months, respectively. The PL in the tropical Pacific varies on a decadal timescale, with an interdecadal standard deviation of up to 2 months in the central tropical Pacific that has similar spatial structure to the mean PL. Taking the PL of SST in the Niño 3.4 region as representative of the PL in the central/eastern tropical Pacific, there are clearly higher values in the 1900s, mid-1930s, mid-1960s, and mid-1990s, and lower values in the 1920s, mid-1940s, and mid-2010s. Meanwhile, the PL of SST in the Niño 6 region—whose average value is 7 months—is in good agreement with the PL of most regions in the western tropical Pacific, with higher values in the 1910s, 1940s, and 1980s and lower values in the 1930s, 1950s, and mid-1990s. In the framework of NLLE theory, the PL is determined by the error growth rate (representing the dissipation rate of the predictable signal) and the saturation value of relative error (representing predictable signal intensity). We reveal that the spatial structure of the mean PL in the tropical Pacific is determined mainly by the error growth rate. The decadal variability of PL is affected more by the variation of the saturation value of relative error in the equatorial Pacific, whereas the error growth rate cannot be ignored in the PL of some regions. As an important source of predictability in ENSO dynamics, the relationship between warm water volume and SST in the Niño 3.4 region has a critical role in the decadal variability of PL in the tropical Pacific through the error growth rate and saturation value of relative error. This strong relationship reduces the error growth rate in the initial period and increases the saturated relative error, contributing to the high PL.
Delirium on stroke units: a prospective, multicentric quality-improvement project
Authors: Nydahl Peter , Baumgarte Friederike , Berg Daniela , Bergjan Manuela , Borzikowsky Christoph , Franke Christiana , Green Diana , Hannig Anisa , Hansen Hans Christian , Hauss Armin , Hansen Uta , Istel Rahel , Krämer Norma , Krause Karita , Lohrmann Renée , Mohammadzadeh-Vazifeh Mohammad , Osterbrink Jürgen , Palm Frederick , Petersen Telse , Schöller Bernd , Stolze Henning , Zilezinski Max , Meyne Johannes , Margraf Nils G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke delirium (POD) in patients on stroke units (SU) is associated with an increased risk for complications and poorer clinical outcome. The objective was to reduce the severity of POD by implementing an interprofessional delirium-management.

Methods
Multicentric quality-improvement project on five SU implementing a delirium-management with pre/post-comparison. Primary outcome was severity of POD, assessed with the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). Secondary outcome parameters were POD incidence, duration, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), length of stay in SU and hospital, mortality, and others.

Results
Out of a total of 799 patients, 59.4% (n = 475) could be included with 9.5% (n = 45) being delirious. Implementation of a delirium-management led to reduced POD severity; Nu-DESC median: pre: 3.5 (interquartile range 2.6–4.7) vs. post 3.0 (2.2–4.0), albeit not significant (p = 0.154). Other outcome parameters were not meaningful different. In the post-period, delirium-management could be delivered to 75% (n = 18) of delirious patients, and only 24 (53.3%) of delirious patients required pharmacological treatments. Patients with a more severe stroke and POD remained on their disability levels, compared to similar affected, non-delirious patients who improved.

Conclusions
Implementation of delirium-management on SU is feasible and can be delivered to most patients, but with limited effects. Nursing interventions as first choice could be delivered to the majority of patients, and only the half required pharmacological treatments. Delirium-management may lead to reduced severity of POD but had only partial effects on duration of POD or length of stay. POD hampers rehabilitation, especially in patients with more severe stroke.

Registry
DRKS, DRKS00021436. Registered 04/17/2020, www.drks.de/DRKS00021436.
Alternative prostate cancer grading systems incorporating percent pattern 4/5 (IQ-Gleason) and cribriform architecture (cGrade) improve prediction of outcome after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Seyrek Neslisah , Hollemans Eva , Andrinopoulou Eleni-Rosalina , Osanto Susanne , Pelger Rob C. M. , van der Poel Henk G. , Bekers Elise , Remmers Sebastiaan , Schoots Ivo G. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPercentage Gleason pattern 4, invasive cribriform and/or intraductal carcinoma (IC/IDC) and minor pattern 5 are recognized as independent parameters for prostate cancer outcome, but are not incorporated in current grade groups (GGs). Two proof-of-principle studies have proposed alternative grading schemes based on percentage Gleason pattern 4/5 (integrated quantitative Gleason score; IQ-Gleason) and IC/IDC presence (cribriform grade; cGrade). Our objective was to compare the performance of GG, IQ-Gleason and cGrade for predicting biochemical recurrence and metastasis after radical prostatectomy (RP). RP specimens of 1064 patients were pathologically reviewed and graded according to the three schemes. Discriminative power for prediction of biochemical recurrence-free (BCRFS) and metastasis-free (MFS) survival was compared using Harrell’s c-index. The GG distribution at RP was 207 (19.4%) GG1, 472 (44.4%) GG2, 126 (11.8%) GG3, 140 (13.2%) GG4 and 119 (11.2%) GG5. Grading according to 5-tier IQ-Gleason and cGrade systems led to categorical shifts in 49.8% and 29.7% of cases, respectively. Continuous IQ-Gleason had the best performance for predicting BCRFS (c-index 0.743, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.715–0.771), followed by cGrade (c-index 0.738, 95%CI 0.712–0.759), 5-tier categorical IQ-Gleason (c-index 0.723, 95%CI 0.695–0.750) and GG (c-index 0.718, 95%CI 0.691–0.744). Continuous IQ-Gleason (c-index 0.834, 95%CI 0.802–0.863) and cGrade (c-index 0.834, 95%CI 0.808–0.866) both had better predictive value for MFS than categorical IQ-Gleason (c-index 0.823, 95%CI 0.788–0.857) and GG (c-index 0.806, 95%CI 0.777–0.839). In conclusion, the performance of prostate cancer grading can be improved by alternative grading schemes incorporating percent Gleason pattern 4/5 and IC/IDC.
Barriers and facilitators to exercise among adult cancer survivors in Singapore
Authors: Chan Alexandre , Ports Kayleen , Neo Patricia , Ramalingam Mothi Babu , Lim Ang Tee , Tan Benedict , Hart Nicolas H. , Chan Raymond J. , Loh Kiley 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Exercise can help cancer survivors manage sequela, treatment side effects, improve overall quality of life, and is recommended for most. The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise behavior and factors influencing exercise engagement among cancer survivors at the National Cancer Centre, Singapore (NCCS).

Methods
This cross-sectional study was inclusive of survivors of all cancer types and stages who were at least 21 years of age and had undergone chemotherapy at the NCCS. Surveys were utilized to assess survivor barriers and facilitators to exercise and to retrospectively assess physical activity and exercise behaviors at 4 cancer-related time periods (pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis before, during, or after chemotherapy).

Results
A total of 102 cancer survivors were enrolled; 60% were diagnosed with stage IV cancer. Predominant cancer types included lower gastrointestinal tract (25.5%) and breast cancer (21.6%). Prior to cancer diagnosis, 90.2% of participants reported aerobic activity satisfying NCCN guidelines. Significant reductions in reported exercise, and physical activity, were observed following cancer diagnosis that persisted during chemotherapy. Key exercise facilitators included the desire to remain healthy (86.3%) and to improve sleep and mental well-being (73.5%). Key barriers included side effects of treatment (52.0%). Only 46.1% of survivors reported receiving exercise guidance from healthcare professionals following diagnosis.

Conclusion
Overall, even among this notably active cohort of Singaporean survivors, opportunities for increased exercise engagement throughout the survivorship continuum remain. Increased education regarding the benefits of exercise to survivors as well as guidance regarding exercise modalities including resistance training is greatly needed as well.
Shocks to issue salience and electoral competition
Authors: Aragonès Enriqueta , Ponsatí Clara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe propose a two party electoral competition model to analyze the effects of an exogenous shock over the relative issue salience on the strategic policy choices of the parties. We find that both parties strategically shift their policy choices from their ideal points towards the ideal point of the median voter of the newly salient issue. The polarization of the distribution of the voters preferences produces a disadvantage for one of the parties, which is forced to implement a large policy shift. We argue that a large policy shift may break a party internal balance among its different factions, which in turn may produce important disruptions in the party system. We illustrate our arguments with an analysis of recent events in Catalonia and the UK.