bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can sprouting reduce phytate and improve the nutritional composition and nutrient bioaccessibility in cereals and legumes?
Authors: Elliott Hannah , Woods Patrick , Green Brian D. , Nugent Anne P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSprouting is a traditional processing method which has been used for centuries to improve the nutritional value of cereals and legumes. There has been growing interest in sprouted products in recent years due to a high demand for more natural and healthy foods. Phytate is the primary storage form of phosphorus in plants. It is long recognised to affect human health as it forms insoluble complexes with minerals such as iron and zinc in cereals and legumes, thereby preventing their absorption in the body. Sprouting activates the enzyme phytase, which degrades phytate, thereby improving mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The extent of phytate reduction varies depending on the sprouting conditions, cereal/legume species, cultivar and native phytase activity. Sprouting has been associated with increased iron, zinc and calcium bioaccessibility in many studies, but this appears to differ in cereals and legumes, which possibly is due to the presence of other ‘antinutrients’. Protein digestibility also appears to be positively correlated with phytate reduction albeit less than for minerals. It is not possible to accurately predict the influence of sprouting on nutrient bioavailability because so few studies have been conducted. Further research is required to determine whether the commercial production of sprouted cereals and legumes can increase the nutritional value and health benefits of commercial end products.
Effect of personality traits on the association between clinically assessed malocclusion and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics
Authors: Trinajstic Zrinski Magda , Pavlic Andrej , Katic Visnja , Spalj Stjepan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess whether personality traits affect the relationship between malocclusion and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and whether they act as its mediators or moderators.Settings and sample populationThe cross‐sectional study included 252 participants with permanent dentition (62% female) aged 12‐39 years.Materials and MethodsThe Big Five Inventory, the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need were used. Moderation and mediation were tested by hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression.ResultsMalocclusion was the most significant predictor of dental self‐confidence (DSC), aesthetic concern (AC), social impact (SI) and psychological impact (PI), accounting for 12%‐28% of respective variability (P < .05). Adult age, male sex and higher neuroticism and agreeableness were additional predictors of higher DSC (P < .05). Adolescent age was a predictor of higher AC, SI and PI, and female sex of higher AC and PI (P < .05). Mediation by personality traits was not proven, however, openness, agreeableness and neuroticism were moderators. A tendency of decrease in AC was associated with an increase in malocclusion complexity in adolescents lower in openness and decrease in SI in adolescents with lower agreeableness. There was also a tendency of higher increase of AC associated with an increase of malocclusion degree in adults higher in neuroticism.ConclusionIn adolescents, openness and agreeableness moderate the relationship between malocclusion and AC and SI, respectively. Neuroticism is a moderator of the association between malocclusion and AC in adults.
Hypoxia‐induced factor 1α promotes osteotomy‐induced regional acceleratory phenomenon via DC‐STAMP mediated membrane fusion
Authors: Tang Yi , Li Xinzhao , Cai Yun , Bie Miaomiao , Tian Yuanye , Shao Qi , Kang Feiwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe mechanisms of regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) induced by orthognathic osteotomy are unclear. It was not known if locally hypoxic microenvironment changes were involved in this phenomenon.MethodsHypoxia‐induced factor‐1α knockout mice harboring Cathepsin K (CTSK) Cre were used to investigate the effect of hypoxia‐driven osteoclasts on alveolar bone remodeling. RAW264.7 cells were induced by CoCl2 to observe the effects of dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein (DC‐STAMP) on the fusion and differentiation of osteoclasts.ResultsWe found mandibular osteotomy of C57 mice induced active alveolar osteoclasts and increased hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) positive staining areas. Alveolar bone density of the 10‐week‐old HIF‐1α conditional knockout (CKO) mouse was increased at 10 and 14 days after bilateral mandibular osteotomy. Moreover, decreased numbers of osteoclasts and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9)‐positive cells were observed on the surface of bone resorption lacunae in the CKO group. HIF‐1α could increase the expression level of DC‐STAMP to enhance osteoclastogenesis and cell fusion in active RAW264.7 cells.ConclusionOur data considered hypoxia‐driven osteoclasts resorption to be an adaptive mechanism to permit alveolar bone loss after bilateral mandibular osteotomy of mice.
Medial Buttress Plate and Allograft Bone‐Assisted Cannulated Screw Fixation for Unstable Femoral Neck Fracture with Posteromedial Comminution: A Retrospective Controlled Study
Authors: Huang Zhe‐yuan , Su Yu‐hui , Huang Zhi‐ping , Wang Yi‐bei , Du Gui‐cheng , Huang Yan‐peng , Chen Gang , Xu Chun , Zhu Qing‐an 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation combined with medial buttress plate (MBP) and allograft bone‐assisted cannulated screw (CS) fixation for patients with unstable femoral neck fracture with comminuted posteromedial cortex.MethodsIn a retrospective study of patients operated on for unstable femoral neck fractures with comminuted posteromedial cortex from March 2016 to August 2020, the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 48 patients treated with CS + MBP were compared with the outcomes of 54 patients treated with CS only. All patients in the CS + MBP group were fixed by three CS and MBP (one‐third tubular plates or reconstructive plates) with bone allografts. The surgery‐related outcomes and complications were evaluated, including operative time, blood loss, union time, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck shortening, and other complications after the operation. The Harris score was evaluated at 12 months after the operation.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 12–40 months. The average age of patients in the CS‐only group (54 cases, 22 females) and CS + MBP group (48 cases, 20 females) was 48.46 ± 7.26 and 48.73 ± 6.38 years, respectively. More intraoperative blood loss was observed in the CS + MBP group than that of patients in CS‐only group (153.45 ± 64.27 vs 21.86 ± 18.19 ml, t = 4.058, P = 0.015). The average operative time for patients in the CS + MBP group (75.35 ± 27.67 min) was almost double than that of patients in the CS‐only group (36.87 ± 15.39 min) (t = 2.455, P < 0.001). The Garden alignment index of patients treated by CS + MBP from type I to type IV was 79%, 19%, 2%, and 0%, respectively. On the contrary, they were 31%, 43%, 24% and 2% for those in the CS‐only group, respectively. The average healing times for the CS‐only and CS + MBP groups were 4.34 ± 1.46 and 3.65 ± 1.85 months (t = 1.650, P = 0.102), respectively. Femoral neck shortening was better in the CS + MBP group (1.40 ± 1.73 mm, 9/19) than that in the CS‐only group (4.33 ± 3.32 mm, 24/44). Significantly higher hip function was found in the CS + MBP group (85.60 ± 4.36 vs 82.47 ± 6.33, t = 1.899, P = 0.06). There was no statistical difference between femoral head necrosis (4% vs 11%, χ2 = 1.695, P = 0.193) and nonunion (6% vs 9%, χ2 = 0.318, P = 0.719).ConclusionFor unstable femoral neck fractures with comminuted posteromedial cortex, additional MBP combined with bone allografts showed better reduction quality and neck length control than CS fixation only, with longer operative time and more blood loss.
Arthroscopic Intra‐Articular Repair of the Torn Subscapularis Tendon with Single Anterior Portal, Single Suture Anchor, and X‐Shaped Fixation Technique
Authors: Xiong Yi‐Lin , Liu Wei‐Jie , Su Chao , Kuang Shi‐Da , Li Yu‐Sheng , Wu Yu‐Mei , Gao Shu‐Guang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubscapular tendon plays an important role in shoulder joint function. With the advance of magnetic resonance imaging technology and the popularization of arthroscopic shoulder surgery, subscapularis tears have been increasingly detected. However, reduction and fixation of subscapular tendon tears appears to be technically challenging. This study aims to describe an arthroscopic intra‐articular X‐shaped fixation technique: a procedure of subscapularis tendon repair performed with the aid of a suture passer using only a single anterior portal and a single suture anchor. By incorporating the advantages of a single anterior working portal for anchor placement and tear repair, this technique provides an easier way to use suture lasso and make knots in a limited working space, and the whole procedure is minimally invasive with a short learning curve. This technique has been applied in patients with subscapularis tears involving no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Our technology offers a valuable new treatment option for subscapularis tears.
R gene triplication confers European fodder turnip with improved clubroot resistance
Authors: Yang Zhiquan , Jiang Yingfen , Gong Jianfang , Li Qian , Dun Bicheng , Liu Dongxu , Yin Feifan , Yuan Lei , Zhou Xueqing , Wang Huiying , Wang Jing , Zhan Zongxiang , Shah Nadil , Nwafor Chinedu Charles , Zhou Yuanwei , Chen Peng , Zhu Li , Li Shisheng , Wang Bingrui , Xiang Jun , Zhou Yongming , Li Zaiyun , Piao Zhongyun , Yang Qingyong , Zhang Chunyu 
Published: April 2022

SummaryClubroot is one of the most important diseases for many important cruciferous vegetables and oilseed crops worldwide. Different clubroot resistance (CR) loci have been identified from only limited species in Brassica, making it difficult to compare and utilize these loci. European fodder turnip ECD04 is considered one of the most valuable resources for CR breeding. To explore the genetic and evolutionary basis of CR in ECD04, we sequenced the genome of ECD04 using de novo assembly and identified 978 candidate R genes. Subsequently, the 28 published CR loci were physically mapped to 15 loci in the ECD04 genome, including 62 candidate CR genes. Among them, two CR genes, CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4, were functionally validated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 originated from a common ancestor before the whole‐genome triplication (WGT) event. In clubroot susceptible Brassica species, CR‐gene homologues were affected by transposable element (TE) insertion, resulting in the loss of CR function. It can be concluded that the current functional CR genes in Brassica rapa and non‐functional CR genes in other Brassica species were derived from a common ancestral gene before WGT. Finally, a hypothesis for CR gene evolution is proposed for further discussion.
Hippocampal calcification and its effects on cognitive function and symptoms in dementia
Authors: Takagi Shunsuke , Yamashiro Katsumi , Sugihara Genichi , Matsuura Masato , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundHippocampal calcification (HC), highly prevalent in older people, has not attracted attention until recently. Despite its potential effects on cognition and behaviour, and its possible impact on the diagnosis and severity of dementia, it has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HC and its influence on cognition and behavioural symptoms in patients with dementia.MethodsData from consecutive patients who visited a medical centre for dementia, for the first time between April 2016 and September 2018, were extracted and analysed. These data included the patients' demographics, the presence of HC and hippocampal thickness as measured on computed tomography, the diagnosis of dementia and its type, cognitive function measured using the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Clock Drawing Test, and the chief complaints or symptoms prompting the visit.ResultsA high incidence of HC (85/267 patients) was observed. There was no significant difference in the ages of patients with and without HC. Patients with HC had higher cognitive function than those without HC at their first visit. This result was contrary to our expectations as it was not explained by the chief complaints recorded at the first visit.ConclusionsOur study showed a high prevalence of HC in older patients with dementia. Patients with HC had better cognitive function than did those without HC during their first hospital visit. This study suggests that HC may not affect the cognitive functions related to dementia. However, further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term consequences of dementia with HC.
What effect does development aid have on productivity in recipient countries?
Authors: Groß Elena , Nowak‐Lehmann Danzinger Felicitas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopment aid does not always positively impact economic growth. Instead, aid may decrease total factor productivity (TFP) and discourage the recipient country's own effort to grow. This study contributes to research on macroeconomic aid transmission channels by using panel data from 51 recipient countries over a 36‐year period and applying panel time‐series techniques. The main aim is to study the aid–productivity relation by analyzing the impact of different forms of aid (grants; loans; and bilateral, multilateral, and sector‐related aid) on productivity while accounting for institutional factors and economic policy. The analysis controls for endogeneity and autocorrelation to ensure consistent and efficient estimates. To examine possible vicious circles often attributed to aid, we run quantile regressions to determine the role of aid across productivity quantiles. We find evidence that aid reduced TFP through grants and bilateral aid from 1972 to 1999 and in all quantiles of the TFP distribution from 1972 to 2009. We also find differences in the impact of sector‐related aid, where aid is harmful in more productive countries.
Bayesian Analysis of Social Influence
Authors: Koskinen Johan , Daraganova Galina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe network influence model is a model for binary outcome variables that accounts for dependencies between outcomes for units that are relationally tied. The basic influence model was previously extended to afford a suite of new dependence assumptions and because of its relation to traditional Markov random field models it is often referred to as the auto logistic actor-attribute model (ALAAM). We extend on current approaches for fitting ALAAMs by presenting a comprehensive Bayesian inference scheme that supports testing of dependencies across subsets of data and the presence of missing data. We illustrate different aspects of the procedures through three empirical examples: masculinity attitudes in an all-male Australian school class, educational progression in Swedish schools, and unemployment among adults in a community sample in Australia.
Bayesian Context Trees: Modelling and Exact Inference for Discrete Time Series
Authors: Kontoyiannis Ioannis , Mertzanis Lambros , Panotopoulou Athina , Papageorgiou Ioannis , Skoularidou Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop a new Bayesian modelling framework for the class of higher-order, variable-memory Markov chains, and introduce an associated collection of methodological tools for exact inference with discrete time series. We show that a version of the context tree weighting alg-orithm can compute the prior predictive likelihood exa-ctly (averaged over both models and parameters), and two related algorithms are introduced, which identify the a posteriori most likely models and compute their exact posterior probabilities. All three algorithms are deterministic and have linear-time complexity. A family of variable-dimension Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers is also provided, facilitating further exploration of the posterior. The performance of the proposed methods in model selection, Markov order estimation and prediction is illustrated through simulation experiments and real-world applications with data from finance, genetics, neuroscience and animal communication. The associated algorithms are implemented in the R package BCT.
Dimensional comparisons: Much is known about the effects, less about the processes
Authors: Wolff Fabian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDimensional comparisons are comparisons between different domains. They are well known in educational psychology. Here, they explain the seemingly paradoxical finding that students' math and verbal self‐concepts of ability usually show correlations close to zero, although students' math and verbal achievements show strong positive correlations. This finding can be explained by the fact that students overemphasize potential differences between their math and verbal achievements when they form their self‐concepts. However, dimensional comparisons also take place and affect self‐evaluations outside the educational context, and the number of studies examining dimensional comparisons in different contexts has significantly increased during the last few years. This paper provides an up‐to‐date overview of findings on dimensional comparisons. It presents findings from studies that have examined effects of dimensional comparisons (as most studies dealing with dimensional comparisons have done so far), as well as studies that have focused on an understanding of the psychological processes involved in dimensional comparison (which relatively few studies have done so far). It is hoped that this paper will help broaden awareness of dimensional comparisons and stimulate further research on this type of comparison, especially in disciplines other than educational psychology.
Mapping and Enforcement of Minimally Restrictive Manufacturability Constraints in Mechanical Design
Authors: Patterson Albert E. , Allison James T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Traditional design-for-manufacturability (DFM) strategies focus on efficiency and design simplification and tend to be too restrictive for optimization-based design methods; recent advances in manufacturing technologies have opened up many new and exciting design options, but it is necessary to have a wide design space in order to take advantage of these benefits. A simple but effective approach for restricting the design space to designs that are guaranteed to be manufacturable is needed. However, this should leave intact as much of the design space as possible. Work has been done in this area for some specific domains, but a general method for accomplishing this has not yet been refined. This article presents an exploration of this problem and a developed framework for mapping practical manufacturing knowledge into mathematical manufacturability constraints in mechanical design problem formulations. The steps for completing this mapping and the enforcing of the constraints are discussed and demonstrated. Three case studies (a milled heat exchanger fin, a 3-D printed topologically optimized beam, and a pulley requiring a hybrid additive–subtractive process for production) were completed to demonstrate the concepts; these included problem formulation, generation and enforcement of the manufacturability constraints, and fabrication of the resulting designs with and without explicit manufacturability constraints.
MTPS Analytical Temperature and Heat Flux Solution With Thermal Contact Resistance
Authors: Emanual Michael , Brown Brandon C. , Ackermann Sarah L. G. , Bateman Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An exact transient analytical solution of the temperature fields and heat fluxes for the modified transient plane source (MTPS) method is presented. The MTPS sensor is made of a thin disk with a heater/sensor and a heated guard ring on its surface, providing a one-dimensional heat flow to a semi-infinite sample in contact with its surface. The MTPS sensor measures the thermal effusivity of the sample. Two different solutions are derived, one is in the form of an infinite series with no thermal resistance, and the other is in integral form and includes thermal resistance between the MTPS sensor surface and the measured sample. The theoretical model is supplemented by experimental results.
Optimization of Inert Gas Feeding Strategy in a Fixed-Bed Reactor for Efficient Water Splitting Via Solar-Driven Thermal Reduction of Nonstoichiometric CeO2
Authors: Yang Song , Wang Bo , Lund Peter D. , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a solar-driven reduction process of nonstoichiometric cerium oxide in a fixed bed is optimized for efficient water splitting via metal-oxide-based redox cycling. Nitrogen is used as sweeping gas to scavenge oxygen from the beds during the reduction process. A transient lumped heat transfer model is developed for the simulation of the process. Parametric analysis and genetic algorithm are used to find the optimal N2 flow rate and establish a novel N2 feeding strategy with variable flow to maximize the thermal efficiency for water splitting. An efficiency close to 13% is estimated without solid-phase heat recovery, which is more than twice that of the best present experimental systems (∼5%). The results are regarded preliminary as a thermodynamic analysis.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Double-Pass Solar Air Heater With Arc-Shaped Artificial Roughness
Authors: Kalpana  , Varshney L. , Subudhi Sudhakar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An experimental and theoretical study has been performed to analyze the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of a double-pass solar air heater having arc-shaped roughness. The investigations are performed for the Reynolds number ranging from 3000 to 12,000, relative roughness pitch (p/e) ranging from 8 to 12, relative roughness height (e/d) of 0.0433, and the angle of attack (α/90) of 0.3333. The investigation has covered different performance parameters such as Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance factor of rough and smooth double-pass solar air heater. A significant enhancement is observed in the heat transfer coefficient by the authors and the theoretical and experimental data are found in good agreement. The correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor are obtained for the range of parameters investigated. The maximum improvement in the Nusselt number for the rough double-pass solar air heater is obtained as 1.7 times that of the smooth double-pass solar air heater for Reynolds number of 11,283 with a relative roughness pitch of 8 and relative roughness height of 0.0433. The corresponding thermal performance factor of 1.4 is obtained for this case.