bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacubitril/valsartan use patterns among older adults with heart failure in clinical practice: a population‐based cohort study of >25 000 Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Bhatt Ankeet S. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Solomon Scott D. , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Lauffenburger Julie C. , Desai Rishi J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsSacubitril/valsartan is strongly supported in guidelines for the management of heart failure, but suboptimal adherence and treatment non‐persistence may limit the population‐level benefit that this therapy might otherwise offer.Methods and resultsWe identified a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries (2014–2017) initiating sacubitril/valsartan after ≥6 months of continuous enrolment. We assessed adherence as the proportion of days covered (PDC) and proportion of patients non‐persistent (having no prescription available) at 180 days after initiation. We fit a multivariable negative binomial model with a count of adherent days to evaluate independent factors associated with of sacubitril/valsartan adherence. Among 27 063 new sacubitril/valsartan users, most (n = 17 663, 65%) were prescribed low‐dose at 24 mg/26 mg and most (n = 19 984, 74%) were switched from prior angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEi/ARB) rather than being RASi treatment naïve. Median 180‐day PDC was 86% (25th–75th percentiles 58–98%). Black patients, those with high comorbid disease burden (≥8 comorbidities), and patients with recent hospitalization within 30 days had fewer adherent days, while those treated with preceding ACEi/ARB had more adherent days. Thirty‐four percent of patients did not have an active sacubitril/valsartan prescription at day 180. Among these, few had preceding dose down‐titrations (6% among patients on 49 mg/51 mg and 9% among patients on 97 mg/103 mg) and 68% did not have a subsequent ACEi/ARB prescription. Among patients who remained persistent, dose up‐titrations occurred in 29% of patients who started on 24 mg/26 mg and 27% of patients on 49 mg/51 mg.ConclusionsOverall adherence to sacubitril/valsartan among Medicare beneficiaries is acceptable, but is lower in Black patients, those with higher comorbidities or those who started therapy after recent hospitalization. While broad implementation of guideline‐directed medical therapy is a key priority, additional focused efforts to improve adherence early after hospitalization and among at‐risk patients are needed in parallel.
Mono‐O‐functionalizations of Pittsburgh Green and Their Applications
Authors: Vinod Jincy K. , Koide Kazunori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe previous synthetic strategy for the preparation of non‐fluorescent fluoresceins was mostly limited to the double addition of simple alkenes and alkynes. We report the one‐step masking of Pittsburgh Green to its mono‐alkylated or esterified compounds. Unlike previous syntheses, this strategy tolerates a broader range of functional groups as masking groups. We also demonstrate the advantage of mono‐alkylation over di‐alkylation for metal detection.
A Robust Electrochemical Sensor Based on Butterfly‐shaped Silver Nanostructure for Concurrent Quantification of Heavy Metals in Water Samples
Authors: Naseri Maryam , Mohammadniaei Mohsen , Ghosh Koustuv , Sarkar Subrata , Sankar Ravi , Mukherjee Subhankar , Pal Souvik , Ansari Dezfouli Ehsan , Halder Arnab , Qiao Jixin , Bhattacharyya Nabarun , Sun Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeavy metals in drinking water have become a severe threat to human health. Detection of heavy metals has been achieved by electrochemical sensors that are modified with complex nanocomposites; however, reproducibility of these sensors is still a big challenge when applied in commercial settings. Here, a simple, very robust, and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a screen‐printed carbon electrode modified with butterfly‐shaped silver nanostructure (AgNS/SPCE) has been developed for the concurrent determination of cadmium (II), lead (II), copper (II), and mercury (II) in water samples. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The AgNS/SPCE showed distinct peak potentials and a significant increase in the peak currents for all heavy metals, attributed to the high electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized butterfly‐shaped AgNS. Moreover, the excellent stability and sensitivity towards simultaneous quantification of heavy metals have been obtained with detection limits of 0.4 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 7.3 ppb, and 0.7 ppb for Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II), respectively. Besides, the constructed sensor was successfully applied to simultaneously quantify target heavy metals in spiked water samples. Owing to excellent sensitivity, high robustness, affordability, and fast response, the presented electrochemical sensor could be incorporated into a portable and miniaturized potentiostat device, making it a promising method for on‐site water analysis.
Effect of wall slip on the viscoelastic particle ordering in a microfluidic channel
Authors: D'Avino Gaetano , Maffettone Pier Luca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe formation of a line of equally spaced particles at the centerline of a microchannel, referred as “particle ordering,” is desired in several microfluidic applications. Recent experiments and simulations highlighted the capability of viscoelastic fluids to form a row of particles characterized by a preferential spacing. When dealing with non‐Newtonian fluids in microfluidics, the adherence condition of the liquid at the channel wall may be violated and the liquid can slip over the surface, possibly affecting the ordering efficiency. In this work, we investigate the effect of wall slip on the ordering of particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid by numerical simulations. The dynamics of a triplet of particles in an infinite cylindrical channel is first addressed by solving the fluid and particle governing equations. The relative velocities computed for the three‐particle system are used to predict the dynamics of a train of particles flowing in a long microchannel. The distributions of the interparticle spacing evaluated at different slip coefficients, linear particle concentrations, and distances from the channel inlet show that wall slip slows down the self‐assembly mechanism. For strong slipping surfaces, no significant change of the initial microstructure is observed at low particle concentrations, whereas strings of particles in contact form at higher concentrations. The detrimental effect of wall slip on viscoelastic ordering suggests care when designing microdevices, especially in case of hydrophobic surfaces that may enhance the slipping phenomenon.
Security threats and measures in the Internet of Things for smart city infrastructure: A state of art
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Arya Rajeev 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or “things” implanted with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity to allow them to exchange data with servers, centralized systems, and other connected devices using several communication systems. IoT data is assembled from various sensors, nodes, and collectors and sent to the cloud. It is the most reliable framework for improving the quality and comfort of human life. It has made a substantial contribution to a wide range of applications. By 2020, it is expected that 31 billion IoT devices will be deployed worldwide. The rapid growth of smart devices and their reliance on wireless mechanics for data transfer have increased their vulnerability to cyberattacks. As a result, studying IoT security dangers and viable countermeasures can aid academics in discovering acceptable solutions to various cybercrime investigation challenges. In this study, various security vulnerabilities at each layer are also examined in‐depth and corrective options for smart city applications and Industry 4.0. A comparison analysis of IoT/IIoT wireless communication features and security challenges in IoT systems is also part of this study. The relevance of IoT forensics in cybercrime investigation in many areas such as smart homes, smart cities, automated cars, and healthcare is also discussed in this study. This article presents IoT security concerns and open issues, laying the groundwork for future research.
The Shifting Cultivation Juggernaut: An Attribution Problem
Authors: Nath Arun Jyoti , Reang Demsai , Sileshi Gudeta W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractShifting cultivation entails clearing a delimited land and transforming it into arable land. Owing to its complexity, this system has been a subject of debate and intervention since the colonial‐era, and is often considered as the “tropical deforestation culprit.” Shifting cultivators are often labeled as “forest eaters” and are considered backward and primitive. Opponents of shifting cultivation often attribute the loss of forest cover to shifting cultivation, and favor intensification, claiming that commercial plantations are more productive. However, attempts to replace it have often failed due to inadequate understanding of the system and the decision‐making processes involved. On the other hand, a growing body of literature provides evidence that shifting cultivation is an ecologically and economically efficient practice. After a careful review of the literature, the authors conclude that the dichotomy of opinions is the consequence of the attribution problem. The authors also argue that the management of forest ecosystems will be challenging if policy and practice are not based on careful understanding of the power of this age‐old practice. Hence, there is a need for a careful diagnosis of this system and a rethink before claiming that the system is unsustainable and attempting to replace it with practices such as plantations.
Tamoxifen use and potential effects on liver parenchyma: A long‐term prospective transient elastographic evaluation
Authors: Braal C. Louwrens , de Knegt Robert J. , Jager Agnes , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Eechoute Karel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tamoxifen is a commonly prescribed drug in both early and metastatic breast cancer. Prospective studies in Asian populations demonstrated that tamoxifen‐related liver steatosis occurred in more than 30% of the patients within 2 years after start of treatment. No well‐designed prospective studies on potential tamoxifen‐related liver steatosis have been conducted in Caucasian patients so far. Therefore, our prospective study aimed to assess the incidence of tamoxifen‐related liver steatosis for a period of 2 years in a population of Caucasian breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Patients with an indication for adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen were included in this study. Data were collected at 3 months (T1) and at 2 years (T2) after start of tamoxifen treatment (follow‐up period of 21 months). For the quantification of liver steatosis, patients underwent liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography with simultaneous controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) determination using the FibroScan. A total of 95 Caucasian breast cancer patients were included in this evaluation. Liver steatosis was observed in 46 of 95 (48%) and 48 of 95 (51%) of the patients at T1 and T2, respectively. No clinically relevant increase in liver steatosis was observed during the treatment period of 2 years with tamoxifen (median CAP = 243 ± 49 dB/m (T1) and 253 ± 55 dB/m (T2), respectively; p = 0.038). Conclusion: In this prospective longitudinal study in Caucasian breast cancer patients, no clinically relevant alterations in liver steatosis in terms of CAP values and liver/lipid parameters were observed after 2 years of tamoxifen treatment. This study therefore demonstrates an absence of tamoxifen‐related adverse events such as steatosis and (early) development of fibrosis or cirrhosis during a treatment period of at least 2 years.
A randomised controlled trial of digital breast tomosynthesis vs digital mammography as primary screening tests: Screening results over subsequent episodes of the Proteus Donna study
Authors: Armaroli Paola , Frigerio Alfonso , Correale Loredana , Ponti Antonio , Artuso Franca , Casella Denise , Falco Paolo , Favettini Elisabetta , Fonio Paolo , Giordano Livia , Marra Vincenzo , Milanesio Luisella , Morra Lia , Presti Pietro , Riggi Emilia , Vergini Viviana , Segnan Nereo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProteus Donna is a randomised controlled trial aimed at prospectively evaluating screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), including interval cancer detection (ICD) and cancer detection (CD) in the analysis as a cumulative measure over subsequent screening episodes. Consenting women aged 46 to 68 attending the regional Breast Screening Service were randomly assigned to conventional digital mammography (DM, control arm) or DBT in addition to DM (DBT, study arm). At the subsequent round all participants underwent DM. Thirty‐six months follow‐up allowed for the identification of cancers detected in the subsequent screening and interscreening interval. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were computed. Cumulative CD and Nelson‐Aalen incidence were analysed over the follow‐up period. Between 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2017, 43 022 women were randomised to DM and 30 844 to DBT. At baseline, CD was significantly higher (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21‐1.71) in the study arm. ICD did not differ significantly between the two arms (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.62‐1.35). At subsequent screening with DM, the CD was lower (nearly significant) in the study arm (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.65‐1.06). Over the follow‐up period, the cumulative CD (comprehensive of ICD) was slightly higher in the study arm (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.31). The Nelson‐Aalen cumulative incidence over time remained significantly higher in the study arm for approximately 24 months. Benign lesions detection was higher in the study arm at baseline and lower at subsequent tests. Outcomes are consistent with a lead time gain of DBT compared to DM, with an increase in false positives and moderate overdiagnosis.
Direction of associations between personality traits and educational identity processes: Between‐ and within‐person associations
Authors: Hatano Kai , Hihara Shogo , Sugimura Kazumi , Crocetti Elisabetta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn adolescence, personality traits and educational identity processes are interwoven. Previous studies have shown that personality traits predict healthy identity commitment and exploration in education. However, the direction of associations between personality traits and an identity process that searches for another identity option (i.e., reconsideration of commitment) is unclear. Furthermore, there is a lack of prospective studies regarding the direction of the association between personality traits and the educational identity process using within‐person methods. Therefore, this study examined the direction of these associations.MethodsParticipants of this four‐wave longitudinal study comprised 618 Japanese 13‐year‐old adolescents (53.3% girls). This study involved a 1‐year‐interval assessment.ResultsCross‐lagged panel models (CLPM) indicated that four personality traits (neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) predicted three educational identity processes, while reconsideration of commitment predicted two personality traits (i.e., neuroticism and conscientiousness). Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPM) indicated that agreeableness predicted healthy commitment, while commitment predicted agreeableness at within‐person level.ConclusionThe findings from CLPM suggest that reconsideration of commitment is a significant factor to predict healthy (i.e., conscientiousness) and unhealthy (i.e., neuroticism) personality traits in individual differences. Furthermore, the findings from RI‐CLPM suggest that agreeableness may be a key trait in promoting healthy educational identity commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Are Associated With Risk of Postfracture Mortality But Not Subsequent Fracture in Men
Authors: Alajlouni Dima A. , Bliuc Dana , Tran Thach S. , Blank Robert D. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Lane Nancy E. , Orwoll Eric S. , Cauley Jane A. , Center Jacqueline R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Muscle strength and physical performance are associated with incident fractures and mortality. However, their role in the risk of subsequent fracture and postfracture mortality is not clear. We assessed the association between muscle strength (grip strength) and performance (gait speed and chair stands time) and the risk of subsequent fracture and mortality in 830 men with low-trauma index fracture, who participated in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) USA Study and had their index measurements assessed within 5 years prior to the index fracture. The annual decline in muscle strength and performance following index fracture, estimated using linear mixed-effects regression, was also examined in relation to mortality. The associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, femoral neck bone mineral density (FN BMD), prior fractures, falls, body mass index (BMI), index fracture site, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Over a median follow-up of 3.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.3–8.1) years from index fracture to subsequent fracture, 201 (24%) men had a subsequent fracture and over 5.1 (IQR, 1.8–9.6) years to death, and 536 (65%) men died. Index measurements were not associated with subsequent fracture (hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 0.97 to 1.07). However, they were associated with postfracture mortality. HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) per 1 standard deviation (1-SD) decrement in grip strength: HR 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01–1.25) and gait speed: HR 1.14 (95% CI, 1.02–1.27), and 1-SD increment in chair stands time: HR 1.08 (95% CI, 0.97–1.21). Greater annual declines in these measurements were associated with higher mortality risk, independent of the index values and other covariates. HR (95% CI) per 1-SD annual decrement in change in grip strength: HR 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01–1.33) and in gait speed: HR 1.38 (95% CI, 1.13–1.68), and 1-SD annual increment in chair stands time: HR 1.28 (95% CI, 1.07–1.54). Men who were unable to complete one or multiple tests had greater risk of postfracture mortality (24%–109%) compared to those performed all tests. It remains to be seen whether improvement in these modifiable factors can reduce postfracture mortality. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Associations Between Late Pregnancy Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Offspring Bone Mass: A Meta-Analysis of the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Woolford Stephen J , D'Angelo Stefania , Mancano Giulia , Curtis Elizabeth M , Ashai Shanze , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R , Crozier Sarah R , Phillips Catherine M , Suderman Matthew , Relton Caroline L , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicholas C ,   the ALPHABET Consortium Investigators
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Systemic inflammation is associated with reduced bone mineral density and may be influenced by pro-inflammatory diets. We undertook an observational analysis of associations between late pregnancy energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) scores and offspring bone outcomes in childhood. E-DII scores (higher scores indicating pro-inflammatory diets) were derived from food frequency questionnaires in late pregnancy in two prospective mother-offspring cohorts: the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The mean (SD) offspring age at dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning was 9.2 (0.2) years. Linear regression was used to assess associations between E-DII and bone outcomes, adjusting for offspring sex and age at DXA and maternal age at childbirth, educational level, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, physical activity level, and smoking in pregnancy. Associations were synthesized using fixed-effect meta-analysis. Beta coefficients represent the association per unit E-DII increment. In fully adjusted models (total n = 5910) late pregnancy E-DII was negatively associated with offspring whole body minus head bone area (BA: β = −3.68 [95% confidence interval −6.09, −1.27] cm2/unit), bone mineral content (BMC: β = −4.16 [95% CI −6.70, −1.62] g/unit), and areal bone mineral density (aBMD: β = −0.0012 [95% CI −0.0020, −0.0004] g.cm−2/unit), but there was only a weak association with BMC adjusted for BA (β = −0.48 [95% CI −1.11, 0.15] g/unit) at 9 years. Adjustment for child height partly or, for weight, fully attenuated the associations. Higher late pregnancy E-DII scores (representing a more pro-inflammatory diet) are negatively associated with offspring bone measures, supporting the importance of maternal and childhood diet on longitudinal offspring bone health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Clinical Spectrum of Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets With Hypercalciuria (HHRH)
Authors: Stürznickel Julian , Heider Fiona , Delsmann Alena , Gödel Markus , Grünhagen Johannes , Huber Tobias B , Kornak Uwe , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) represents an FGF23-independent disease caused by biallelic variants in the solute carrier family 34-member 3 (SLC34A3) gene. HHRH is characterized by chronic hypophosphatemia and an increased risk for nephrocalcinosis and rickets/osteomalacia, muscular weakness, and secondary limb deformity. Biochemical changes, but no relevant skeletal changes, have been reported for heterozygous SLC34A3 carriers. Therefore, we assessed the characteristics of individuals with biallelic and monoallelic SLC34A3 variants. In 8 index patients and 5 family members, genetic analysis was performed using a custom gene panel. The skeletal assessment comprised biochemical parameters, areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and bone microarchitecture. Pathogenic SLC34A3 variants were revealed in 7 of 13 individuals (2 homozygous, 5 heterozygous), whereas 3 of 13 carried monoallelic variants of unknown significance. Whereas both homozygous individuals had nephrocalcinosis, only one displayed a skeletal phenotype consistent with HHRH. Reduced to low-normal phosphate levels, decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP), and high-normal to elevated values of 1,25-OH2-D3 accompanied by normal cFGF23 levels were revealed independently of mutational status. Interestingly, individuals with nephrocalcinosis showed significantly increased calcium excretion and 1,25-OH2-D3 levels but normal phosphate reabsorption. Furthermore, aBMD Z-score &lt;−2.0 was revealed in 4 of 8 heterozygous carriers, and HR-pQCT analysis showed a moderate decrease in structural parameters. Our findings highlight the clinical relevance also of monoallelic SLC34A3 variants, including their potential skeletal impairment. Calcium excretion and 1,25-OH2-D3 levels, but not TRP, were associated with nephrocalcinosis. Future studies should investigate the effects of distinct SLC34A3 variants and optimize treatment and monitoring regimens to prevent nephrocalcinosis and skeletal deterioration. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Half and 5 of 8 heterozygous SLC34A3 carriers had osteoporosis and a history of fractures, respectively. Individuals with detected nephrocalcinosis had significantly increased 1,25-OH2-D3 levels and urinary calcium excretion but normal phosphate reabsorption rates. Therefore, optimized treatment and monitoring regimens are required to prevent nephrocalcinosis and skeletal deterioration.