bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Hybrid Classification Approach for COVID-19 Based on Harris Hawks Optimization and Salp Swarm Optimization
Authors: Issa Abubakr , Ali Yossra , Rashid Tarik 
Published: October 2022

Feature selection can be defined as one of the pre-processing steps that decreases the dimensionality of a dataset by identifying the most significant attributes while also boosting the accuracy of classification. For solving feature selection problems, this study presents a hybrid binary version of Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm (HHO) and Salp Swarm Optimization (SSA) (HHOSSA). The HHOSSA was tested against two well-known optimization algorithms, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), utilizing 280 2D X-ray images from the Posteroanterior (PA) chest view dataset for normal and covid-19 patients. A total of three performance metrics (Recall, Precision, F1) were employed in the studies with Support vector machines (SVMs), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and XGBoost as classifiers. The suggested algorithm outperforms SVM by 96%, and two classifiers, XGboost and KNN, by 98%.
« La tragédie des années 70 » : La nomination de la dictature argentine et ses enjeux discursifs et politiques
Authors: Montero Sol 
Published: October 2022

Le but de cet article est de réfléchir sur les opérations discursives mises en jeu dans l’espace public pour nommer les événements du passé, en l’occurrence la dictature militaire argentine. Ainsi, l’article s’attache à analyser l’émergence et la circulation d’un des noms historiques circulants (en cooccurrence avec d’autres, plus ou moins officiels), celui de « tragédie des années 70 », dans un corpus d’éditoriaux et d’articles d’opinion ainsi que d’un ensemble d’ouvrages de vulgarisation historique. J’identifie quatre représentations associées à ce nom, en en dégageant les enjeux sociaux et politiques : un double mouvement de référencement et d’indétermination chronologique ; une uniformisation des victimes et un effacement de l’agentivité et des responsabilités ; une image du passé dictatorial comme une « plaie béante » à suturer dans le présent ; une caractérisation de la période comme effrayante et sanglante.
Enjeux argumentatifs des structures énumératives longues : analyse d’un corpus de tribunes consacrées à la biodiversité
Authors: Chandelier Marie , Paissa Paola 
Published: October 2022

Le caractère multifactoriel de la crise environnementale favorise le recours au procédé de l’énumération dans un contexte argumentatif. À travers un corpus de 131 tribunes publiées dans le quotidien Le Monde entre 2006 et 2018, contenant au moins une fois le mot « biodiversité », nous présentons une analyse des fonctions rhétoriques de l’énumération longue. Nous avons distingué les énumérations visant à alerter de la gravité de la crise environnementale de celles dont la vocation est d’inciter à l’action. Nous traitons enfin des cas où l’énumération amplificatrice, utilisée par l’énonciateur, s’accompagne d’une critique du procédé. Nous montrons que la fonction d’amplification est systématiquement renforcée par des nominations axiologiques en amorce ou en clôture. Ces nominations structurent l’énumération selon un principe de cohérence relevant de l’émotion, sans apporter d’information sémantique sur les liens existant entre les entités constitutives de la crise environnementale contemporaine.
Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Plasmapheresis
Authors: Bano Safia , Sardar Zomer , Ahmar Muhammad , Liaquat Sumayyah , Shafiq Bilal , Numan Ahsan 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory neuropathy and has several electrophysiological subtypes and clinical variants. Treatment is mainly supportive and immunotherapy is given to shorten the disease course.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to define the outcome of GBS with plasmapheresis and to determine its clinical spectrum.

Materials and Methods:
The prospective study was done at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, for 1 year from November 2020 to November 2021. The diagnosis of GBS was made on Brighton criteria for GBS. The outcome of therapy was assessed at 3 and 6 months, using the Medical Research Council Scale and Hughes Functional Grading Scale (HFGS).

Results:
A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Twenty-seven (54%) were males and 23 (46%) were females. Seventeen (34%) had acute motor axonal neuropathy, 16 (32%) had acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy, 15 (30%) had acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and 2 (4%) had Miller-Fisher syndrome. Plasmapheresis was done in all patients. HFGS score was assessed at discharge, at 3 months, and after 6 months of illness onset. The improvement in mean HFGS score was 2.79 ± 0.41 at 3 months and 1.94 ± 0.25 at 6 months of symptoms onset from the mean score of 3.46 ± 0.93 at the time of discharge from the hospital.

Conclusion:
Excellent outcome was observed after plasmapheresis. Majority of participants were able to walk without support at the 6-month follow-up. Plasmapheresis should be initiated early in the management of GBS where intravenous immunoglobulins are costly.
Study of gonococcal and chlamydial urethritis: Old culprits with a new story
Authors: Bharara Tanisha , Bhalla Preena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the primary pathogens causing urethritis. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in conjunction with the Department of Dermatology and STD of our hospital. The aim of the study was to detect N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis among men with urethritis and to determine the anti-microbial susceptibility of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates.

Material and Methods:
All cases were subjected to direct Gram’s smear examination and culture of urethral discharge (N. gonorrhoeae), real-time polymerase chain reaction and direct fluorescent antibody test (C. trachomatis). All N. gonorrhoeae isolates were subjected to anti-microbial susceptibility testing and were tested for ß-lactamase production by chromogenic cephalosporin test.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were expressed as percentages. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate statistical significance in the case of unpaired categorical data. Agreement between the methods was assessed by using kappa statistics.

Results:
Gonococcal infection was detected in 58.1% cases, and C. trachomatis was detected in 14% cases. However, both were detected in 12% cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of direct Gram’s smear examination and culture of urethral discharge were found to be 100% when compared to culture for N. gonorrhoeae. Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test proved to be a valuable test aiding in the diagnosis of chlamydial urethritis with a majority of positive cases showing 20–30 elementary bodies. We detected our first gonococcal isolate with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, ceftriaxone, cefixime, and cefpodoxime (MIC for ceftriaxone = 0.19 mg/ml).

Conclusions:
Optimal management of urethritis and strategies to prevent its transmission depend on accurate detection of infected persons. Our study demonstrates the utility and limitations of different laboratory tests including anti-microbial sensitivity testing for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis.
Awareness, attitude, and practice of evidence-based medicine among primary healthcare physicians in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almatrudi Thamer A. , Rabbani Unaib 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context:
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is essential for safe and cost-effective care provision to the population.

Aims:
To assess the awareness, attitude and practices and barriers among primary care physicians about EBM in Buraidah, Qassim.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional study in Primary Health Care centers (PHCCs) of Buraidah, Qassim.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted among physicians working in PHCCs of Buraidah. Data were collected online through Google forms.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive analysis was carried out to measure the frequencies and proportions. Chi-square test was used to compare barriers based on gender, academic degree, and experience categories.

Results:
A total of 96 out of 144 physicians (66.7%) responded to the invitation. About 82.3% of the participants welcomed the promotion of EBM and 92% of the physicians knew about concept of EBM. About 94.8% of the physicians agreed that EBM will improve patient outcomes. The reported barriers were; patient load (87.5%), time availability (70.8%), computer availability (33.3%), internet availability (45.8%), and 56.3% stated updated clinical letters, journals, or guidelines are not available.

Conclusions:
This study found that there was high self-reported knowledge about the EBM concept; however, the knowledge about tools was poor. A number of barriers were found such as patient load, time, availability of clinical guidelines and journals and other resources such as internet and computers. Primary care physicians should be trained and facilitated for EBM.
‘Daily 2-only meals and exercise’ lifestyle modification for remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A therapeutic approach
Authors: Dixit Jagannath V. , Giri Purushottam A. , Badgujar Shraddha Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This case series has documented five patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D), referred to the various Diabetes Reversal Centers of the ‘World free of obesity and diabetes’ campaign in Maharashtra, India. It demonstrates the therapeutic effects of lifestyle modification for remission of diabetes along with weight reduction and reversal of insulin resistance. This resulted in reduction of their glycated haemoglobin level, which signified the long-term effects of this lifestyle modification. Diabetes reversal by lifestyle modification is a healthier option and must be encouraged in all the patients in the pre-diabetes group (HbA1c- 5.7–6.4%) and those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c- >6.5%) without any complications, thus promoting good health seeking behaviour. There are pieces of evidence of complete diabetes reversal of the patients with HbA1c ranging from 8 to 15% by just lifestyle modification and also without any complications among the patients registered under the ‘World free of obesity and diabetes’ campaign. India is a low-middle-income country with prevalence of T2D on rise. It is thus necessary to provide the community with a cost-effective and sustainable solution for primary and secondary prevention of this lifestyle disease.
Post COVID-19 clinical manifestations and its risk factors among patients in a Northern District in Kerala, India
Authors: Raj Aswathy S. V , Jacob Abraham , Ambu V , Wilson Tom , Renuka R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
The novel virus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is emerging evidence of post-COVID-19 manifestations among patients who sustain acute COVID-19. Most studies report fatigue, dyspnea, and myalgia as the common symptoms; however, currently, there is limited knowledge of these post-COVID manifestations and their risk factors, especially in India.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who had attended the district post-COVID clinic, Wayanad district, Kerala, from October 2020 to June 2021. Data were collected by direct/telephonic patient interviews and from their existing case records, using a pretested semi-structured proforma.

Results:
The sample size was 667. The mean age of the study population was 45 years (standard deviation [SD]: 14.55). The majority of the population presented with dyspnea (48%), fatigue (32%), and cough (25.6%). Mental health problems were also reported in 6% of participants. The respiratory system was commonly involved (61.2%). Around one-third of the patients (36.4%) had dyspnea on exertion and 11.8% had dyspnea at rest. One-fifth of the population reported aggravation of pre-existing co-morbidity and half of the respondents had persistence of at least one symptom after 6 months. There exist statistically significant associations between identified risk factors, especially gender, increasing age, the severity of COVID-19 infection, history of tobacco/alcohol use, and co-morbidities with outcomes.

Conclusion:
As post-COVID syndrome is a multisystem disease, integrated rehabilitation is required with targeted intervention for survivors based on their symptoms and needs.
Occurrence and clinical features of HIV and malaria in co-infected individuals in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeola Oyeniran O. , Kolawole Oladipo E. , Yemi Abiodun F. , Hilda Awoyelu E. , Samson Adu T. , Kola Oloke J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria infections are among the major public health concerns in sub-Saharan Africa, where they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The study was conducted to assess the occurrence and clinical features of HIV and malaria in co-infected individuals in Osun State, Nigeria.

Methods:
The study was cross-sectional, which involved 422 participants who were administered structured questionnaires for socio-demographic and clinical data. Venous blood was collected for malaria parasite detection and count from One hundred and seventy-four HIV seropositive individuals. They were re-examined clinically for HIV diagnosis, CD4
+ T cell counts, and packed cell volume (PCV).

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 28.48 ± 15.38 while the overall predominance of malaria among the HIV-positive patients was 11.5% (20/174). The malaria prevalence was significantly higher in female patients (P = 0.0088) and occupational status among students (P = 0.0001). Malaria/HIV co-infected patients had a significantly lower mean value of PCV (P = 0.0001), CD4
+ cell count (0.0001), and temperature (0.0001) compared to HIV-infected patients having no malaria.

Conclusion:
The study showed that females had relatively higher malaria infection compared to their male counterparts. To achieve better management of HIV patients against malaria infection, proper preventive measures, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and chemoprophylaxis are a useful strategy to put in place. Also, the monitoring of CD4
+ cell count, viral load, and some hematology indices on a regular basis is crucial.
Multi-organ system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A mega review
Authors: Moslehi Naghmeh , Jahromy Mahsa Hadipour , Ashrafi Pegah , Vatani Kimia , H. Nemati Mohammad A. , Moghadam Parnian A. , Rostamian Fatemeh , Jahromi Mana H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, many people have been affected in different ways. The majority of infected people experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without the need for hospitalization. However, in some affected people, it may lead to catastrophic disease. The severity of COVID-19 infection is widely influenced by co-morbidities, immune system functions, and extra-pulmonary organ injuries. Since the emergence of COVID-19, multi-organ involvement has been documented. In order to implement preventative and protective measures, full attention to potential organ injuries is required. Most existing articles and review papers are focused on a specific organ system, and their numbers are growing. In this review paper, attempts were made to collect review papers and articles published on seven organ system involvements in COVID-19 infection published till 15 July and highlight conclusions and managements of all affected organs. We tried to add to the medical knowledge on COVID-19, pointing out its multi-organ system impact. Finally, we tried to facilitate access to organized information and optimum conclusion by representing review tables for each organ system. Besides, this review article can clarify and magnify the empty research space easily for future investigations.
Computer vision syndrome: Symptoms, risk factors, and practices
Authors: Alamri Abdulrahman , Amer Khaled A. , Aldosari Abdulrahman A. , Althubait Basel M. S. , Alqahtani Mushary S. , AL Mudawi Abdulrahman A. M. , AL Mudawi Bandar A. M. , Alqahtani Faisal A. M. , Alhamoud Nawaf S. Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
According to computer vision syndrome (CVS). Due to constant use of computers by the students, it has become one of the growing health risks associated with technology (cell phones and tablets). CVS is a combination of eye and vision disorders associated with activities that affect near vision and is experienced in relation to or during the use of computers. The main aim of the study was to find the risk factors of CVS, its symptoms, and other factors associated with CVS.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, data was collected using a purposely constructed E-questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic items and items related to the usage of E-devices and the symptoms of eye problems. After data collection, data was coded and entered in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 20 software for analyses. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, frequencies and percentages) were computed. To measure the significant differences, Chi-square test was used at 5% level of significance.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of 400 respondents was 22.5 (11.5) years. We computed the internal consistency, and the overall Cronbach alpha was 0.81. Also, 40% of the respondents were females, while 60% were males. Results showed that 20% of the respondents had multiple symptoms of eye problems, while 9% had no symptoms, 9% had eye pain, 8% had dryness of eye, and 6% had watering of eyes and redness of eye symptoms. The rest of the symptoms was found in less than 5% of the respondents.

Conclusion:
This worldwide issue requires immediate attention. Long-term computer use has been linked to significant visual impairments, particularly in people who use computers and similar gadgets for extended periods of time.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension and associated comorbidities in non-pregnant women of reproductive age group (15–49 years): Evidence from National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India
Authors: Virk Amrit , Samdarshi Narottam , Saini Parmal , Mohapatra Archisman , Sahoo Soumya , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension in women is generally underestimated and undiagnosed as women are considered to be at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men in addition to gender-related differences in healthcare seeking behaviour and access to healthcare. As hypertension extends a substantial impact on the cardiovascular health of women and can pose an enormous burden on the healthcare systems in India, identification of its risk factors along with co-morbidities becomes necessary for planning of cardiovascular risk prevention, reduction and mitigation interventions.

Aim:
This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and associated demographic and lifestyle risk factors of hypertension (HT) along with examining comorbidity patterns in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in India.

Material and Methods:
We analyzed data of 667,258 non-pregnant women of the reproductive age group (15–49 years) from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 dataset. We used maps to present the spatial patterns of HT in women across states and union territories and logistic regression modelling to identify associated factors.

Results:
The overall prevalence of HT was 10.9% among women (15–49 years), with 60.7% of these having at least one comorbidity. While the prevalence of ‘HT only’ was higher in women 15-29 years of age (48.0%), the prevalence of HT with co-morbidities was higher in women aged ≥30 years (63.3%). Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of ‘HT and ³ two comorbidities’ with age ³30 years (AOR 3.46, 95% CI 3.23–3.72), higher odds of ‘HT only’ with alcohol consumption (AOR 1.32, 95%CI 1.23–1.42), and higher odds of ‘HT and one comorbidity’ with BMI ³23 Kg/m2 (AOR 1.17, 95%CI 1.14–1.21). Also, region-wise, the prevalence of HT was highest in the states of Uttar Pradesh (11.6%), Madhya Pradesh (8.0%), and Assam (6.9%).

Conclusion:
The high prevalence of HT among women aged 15–49 years has serious medical, socio-economic, implications that warrant urgent and immediate gender-specific healthcare interventions. Along with lifestyle modifications, early and timely screening of HT, increasing awareness among young school-going girls, including rural areas, could flatten the HT population curve in India.
Hypertension and its association with body mass index among the Indian population. Findings from a nationwide survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16
Authors: Sharma Shailja , Singh Harshvardhan , Mehta Kedar , Verma Madhur , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Globally, hypertension (HTN) and obesity are two cardinal causes of morbidity and mortality. The Asian population shows comorbidities associated with obesity at a much lower body mass index (BMI) than the western population.

Aim:
The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between BMI and HTN among the adult population.

Material and Methods:
We did a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the NFHS-4 datasets, conducted during 2015–16. We included the adult population, that is, ≥19 years of age (93,040 men and 5,46,066 women), and excluded adolescents and pregnant women from our analysis. HTN was the primary dependent variable, while BMI was the primary predictor variable. Other covariates included age, education, place of residence, wealth index, use of alcohol and tobacco, and diabetes. Weighted analysis was done to depict our results.

Results:
Around 18.7% of men and 13.5% of women were hypertensive, of which 53.86% of males and 38.7% females were either overweight or obese. The odds of living with HTN among obese men and women increased with age, wealth, use of alcohol and tobacco, and comorbidities such as diabetes. The prevalence of HTN was higher even among the underweight adults living with diabetes and those consuming alcohol and tobacco.

Conclusion:
We reaffirm the significant association between BMI and HTN among adults. The use of the Asian classification of BMI for India and its neighboring countries to assess the burden of obesity would help in planning better interventions. A community-based targeted approach would help in controlling and reducing the prevalence of HTN.