bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Required and desired: breakthroughs for future-proofing mineral and metal extraction
Authors: Clausen Elisabeth , Sörensen Aarti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe global industrial mining sector is, like other sectors, undergoing an unprecedented transformation pushed by global sustainability and climate challenges. The need to increase productivity and efficiency of mineral extraction along with increasing pressure from a wide range of stakeholders to decarbonise the industry and make mining practices more sustainable, accountable, and socially acceptable are driving the adoption of automation and digitalisation technologies as well as the electrification of equipment and the implementation of more sustainable energy solutions for the industry. Automation and digitalisation are changing the way minerals and metals are extracted and provide important tools for designing and implementing the mine of the future: a digitally integrated, autonomous mine where no humans need to be put in harm’s way and in which the connected systems are able to reduce the ever-increasing complexity to such an extent that improved decision-making can be realised in real time. Mining as an industry still has a way to go to reach the potential of automation and digitalisation on the one hand, and alternative drive systems and sustainable power generation on the other. This paper will give an overview of empirically derived leading technologies underlying the current transformation and will place them in the context of the data-information-value-chain that can provide a more systematic approach to describe the various technologies and, in particular, their interrelationships. This can support a better understanding of assessing the overall technological maturity of an operation, especially with respect to their evolution from automation of equipment towards autonomous systems. There is no reason to doubt that, from a technology perspective, the digitally connected, autonomous, and carbon-free mine have the potential to become a reality. Breakthrough effects can be expected to come not from any single technology but rather from successfully developing, implementing, and integrating the full suite of (available) automation and digitalisation technologies across entire mining operations and moving towards digitally integrated, autonomous systems considering the process and its interrelations holistically (Clausen et al. 2020b). However, in order to get there, mining companies need to consider not only the technological aspects of this transformation. For successfully responding to the changing landscape of stakeholder expectations and future-proofing the industry requires, the authors argue that mining companies need to adopt a mind-set of the human-centred climate smart mine (Clausen and Sörensen 2021). In addition, mining companies need to reconsider their role in the economic, social, and environmental ecosystem they are embedded in so they can break through traditions that keep them from successfully positioning themselves as builders of social value.
Factors Influencing Substrate Oxidation During Submaximal Cycling: A Modelling Analysis
Authors: Rothschild Jeffrey A. , Kilding Andrew E. , Stewart Tom , Plews Daniel J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple factors influence substrate oxidation during exercise including exercise duration and intensity, sex, and dietary intake before and during exercise. However, the relative influence and interaction between these factors is unclear.

Objectives
Our aim was to investigate factors influencing the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during continuous exercise and formulate multivariable regression models to determine which factors best explain RER during exercise, as well as their relative influence.

Methods
Data were extracted from 434 studies reporting RER during continuous cycling exercise. General linear mixed-effect models were used to determine relationships between RER and factors purported to influence RER (e.g., exercise duration and intensity, muscle glycogen, dietary intake, age, and sex), and to examine which factors influenced RER, with standardized coefficients used to assess their relative influence.

Results
The RER decreases with exercise duration, dietary fat intake, age, VO2max, and percentage of type I muscle fibers, and increases with dietary carbohydrate intake, exercise intensity, male sex, and carbohydrate intake before and during exercise. The modelling could explain up to 59% of the variation in RER, and a model using exclusively easily modified factors (exercise duration and intensity, and dietary intake before and during exercise) could only explain 36% of the variation in RER. Variables with the largest effect on RER were sex, dietary intake, and exercise duration. Among the diet-related factors, daily fat and carbohydrate intake have a larger influence than carbohydrate ingestion during exercise.

Conclusion
Variability in RER during exercise cannot be fully accounted for by models incorporating a range of participant, diet, exercise, and physiological characteristics. To better understand what influences substrate oxidation during exercise further research is required on older subjects and females, and on other factors that could explain additional variability in RER.
SCL-90 empirical factors predict post-surgery weight loss in bariatric patients over longer time periods
Authors: Albert Umberto , Bonavigo Tommaso , Moro Oriana , De Caro Elide Francesca , Palmisano Silvia , Pascolo-Fabrici Elisabetta , Sandri Federico , de Manzini Nicolò , Di Blas Lisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This longitudinal study examined how pre-intervention psychological health helps predict bariatric surgery (BS) success as percentage of expected body mass index loss (%EBMIL) over shorter to longer periods.

Methods
Adult candidates for BS (N = 334, 67.4% females) completed the Symptoms Checklist 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire; on average, 11 months occurred between the pre-surgery psychological evaluations and the bariatric intervention. We explored the factor structure of the SCL-90 items and inspected how SCL-90 empirical factors compared with SCL-90 scales and general indices predicted %EBMIL at 3–6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up occasions, adjusting for gender, pre-intervention use of antidepressants and actual and ideal BMIs.

Results
Factor analysis combined the 90 items into 8 factors, which partially replicated the expected item structure. The SCL-90 empirical factors (but not the SCL-90 scales and indices) contributed to predict BS success. In fact, the Relational Distress factor directly protected from weight regain at 1-year follow-up, indirectly via 1-year %EBMIL at the 2-year follow-up, when it further strengthened the impact of the empirical factor of Generalized Anxiety on the 2-year BS outcome. The results also evidenced a cascade effect of the pre-surgery actual BMI across time as well as unique and direct effects of pre-surgery use of antidepressants and perceived ideal BMI on the 2-year outcome.

Conclusions
SCL-90 empirical factor scores for obese patients are more efficient in anticipating BS success compared with original scale scores. They reveal that relational distress and anxiety are risk factors for postoperative weight loss, in addition to pre-intervention actual BMI, antidepressant therapy, and perceived ideal BMI.

Level of evidence
III, well-designed cohort.
Sirolimus as a second-line treatment for Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Lanzolla G. , Maglionico M. N. , Comi S. , Menconi F. , Piaggi P. , Posarelli C. , Figus M. , Marcocci C. , Marinò M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesA beneficial effect of sirolimus in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) was reported, suggesting a possible use in clinical practice. We conducted an observational, single-centre, no-profit, clinical study to investigate the efficacy of sirolimus as a second-line treatment for moderate-to-severe, active GO compared with methylprednisolone.MethodsData from consecutive patients given sirolimus (2 mg orally on first day, followed by 0.5 mg/day for 12 weeks) or methylprednisolone [500 mg iv/weekly (6 weeks), 250 mg/weekly (6 weeks)] as a second-line treatment were collected and compared. Primary objective: overall GO outcome at 24 weeks, based on a composite evaluation. Secondary objectives at 24 weeks: (1) improvement in quality of life, evaluated using a specific uestionnaire (GO-QoL); (2) reduction in proptosis; (3) reduction in the clinical activity score (CAS); (4) improvement of eye ductions; and (5) reduction in eyelid aperture.ResultsData from 30 patients (15 per group) treated between January 15, 2020, and June 15, 2021, were analysed. Proportion of GO responders (primary outcome) at 24 weeks was significantly greater in sirolimus group compared with methylprednisolone group (86.6% vs 26.6%; OR: 17.8; 95% CI from 2.7 to 116.8;P = 0.0026). GO-quality of life (GO-QoL) score was greater in sirolimus group. Proportion of proptosis responders was greater in sirolimus group, as well as proportion of clinical activity score (CAS) responders. No serious adverse events were observed, with no differences between groups.ConclusionsSirolimus seems to be an effective second-line treatment for GO. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm our observations.
La terapia chirurgica nelle forme di iperparatiroidismo primario familiare
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Ambrosini Carlo Enrico , Frustaci Gianluca , De Napoli Luigi , Materazzi Gabriele 
Published: July 2022

SommarioL’iperparatiroidismo primario si manifesta in forma familiare nel 5% dei casi. L’età di insorgenza e la presentazione clinica di queste forme familiari sono variabili in base alla mutazione genica che sottende la sindrome. Il trattamento chirurgico delle forme familiari di iperparatiroidismo primario differisce in base alla specifica sindrome e rappresenta una sfida chirurgica per l’intrinseco rischio di recidiva/persistenza. Inoltre, l’ottimale strategia chirurgica è spesso dibattuta per la necessità di bilanciare un efficace trattamento con il rischio di complicanze, in particolare l’ipoparatiroidismo definitivo e la paralisi del nervo laringeo ricorrente. Il trattamento chirurgico rimane il trattamento di scelta per tutte le forme familiari di iperparatiroidismo primario riportate nella presente rassegna.
Collaboration and Communication between Hobby Metal Detectorists and Archaeologists in Norway
Authors: Axelsen Irmelin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, the ways in which hobby metal detectorists searching for protected objects in the ploughsoil and archaeologists in Norway have collaborated and communicated throughout the public history of metal detecting in the country is outlined and problematized. Due to the opinions of individual archaeologists working in key positions and the autonomy of the country's local and regional management institutions, there are huge variations in both attitudes and practices toward metal detecting and its practitioners. In some areas, metal detectorists are allowed to search more or less freely, whereas in others, entire fields are protected after a few finds, making continued detecting without formal approval from the authorities illegal. Because of this, and the extreme difference in the activity level of individual detectorists, the number of recorded detecting finds varies immensely across county and regional borders. I suggest that channels for collaboration and communication be formalized and that a national and therefore uniform public reporting system be realized—given that it is, for the time being, largely up to individual archaeologists whether some of the country's most active citizen scientists are equally treated by the archaeological heritage management system in Norway.
New lower bounds for van der Waerden numbers
Authors: Green Ben 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that there is a red-blue colouring of$[N]$with no blue 3-term arithmetic progression and no red arithmetic progression of length$e^{C(\log N)^{3/4}(\log \log N)^{1/4}}$. Consequently, the two-colour van der Waerden number$w(3,k)$is bounded below by$k^{b(k)}$, where$b(k) = c \big ( \frac {\log k}{\log \log k} \big )^{1/3}$. Previously it had been speculated, supported by data, that$w(3,k) = O(k^2)$.
Comparing the activity of novel antibiotic agents against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales clinical isolates
Authors: Tamma Pranita D. , Bergman Yehudit , Jacobs Emily B. , Lee Jae Hyoung , Lewis Shawna , Cosgrove Sara E. , Simner Patricia J. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:We compared the activity of 8 novel β-lactam and tetracycline-derivative antibiotics against a cohort of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates and investigated the incremental susceptibility benefit of the addition of an aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, or polymyxin to the β-lactam agents to assist with empiric antibiotic decision making.Methods:A collection of consecutive CRE clinical isolates from unique patients at 3 US hospitals (2016–2021) was assembled. Broth microdilution was performed to obtain antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. Mechanisms of carbapenem resistance were investigated through short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing.Results:Of the 603 CRE isolates, 276 (46%) were carbapenemase producing and 327 (54%) were non–carbapenemase producing, respectively. The organisms most frequently identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (38%), Enterobacter cloacae complex (26%), and Escherichia coli (16%). We obtained the following percent susceptibility to novel β-lactam agents: ceftazidime-avibactam (95%), meropenem-vaborbactam (92%), imipenem-relebactam (84%), and cefiderocol (92%). Aminoglycosides and the polymyxins provided greater incremental coverage as second agents, compared to fluoroquinolones. Amikacin and plazomicin exhibited the greatest additive value. Ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and cefiderocol were active against 94% of the 220 KPC-producing isolates. Cefiderocol was active against 83% of the 29 NDM-producing isolates. Ceftazidime-avibactam had 100% activity against the 9 OXA-48-like–producing isolates. Tigecycline had the highest activity compared to other tetracyclines against KPC, NDM, or OXA-48-like–producing isolates.Conclusion:Selection among novel agents requires a nuanced understanding of the molecular epidemiology of CRE. This work provides insights into the comparative activity of novel agents and the additive value of a second antibiotic for empiric antibiotic decision making.
Antibiotic stewardship to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in integrated academic health-system urgent care clinics
Authors: Patel Dharmesh , Ng Teresa , Madani Lubna S. , Persell Stephen D. , Greg Mark , Roemer Phillip E. , Oberoi Sonali K. , Linder Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:To develop and implement antibiotic stewardship activities in urgent care targeting non–antibiotic-appropriate acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) that also reduces overall antibiotic prescribing and maintains patient satisfaction.Patients and setting:Patients and clinicians at the urgent care clinics of an integrated academic health system.Intervention and methods:The stewardship activities started in fiscal 2020 and included measure development, comparative feedback, and clinician and patient education. We measured antibiotic prescribing in fiscal years 2019, 2020, and 2021 for the stewardship targets, potential diagnosis-shifting visits, and overall. We also collected patient satisfaction data for ARI visits.Results:From FY19 to FY21, 576,609 patients made 1,358,816 visits to 17 urgent care clinics, including 105,781 visits for which stewardship measures were applied and 149,691 visits for which diagnosis shifting measures were applied. The antibiotic prescribing rate decreased for stewardship-measure visits from 34% in FY19 to 12% in FY21 (absolute change, −22%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −23% to −22%). The antibiotic prescribing rate decreased for diagnosis-shifting visits from 63% to 35% (−28%; 95% CI, −28% to −27%), and the antibiotic prescribing rate decreased overall from 30% to 10% (−20%; 95% CI, −20% to −20%). The patient satisfaction rate increased from 83% in FY19 to 89% in FY20 and FY21. There was no significant association between antibiotic prescribing rates of individual clinicians and ARI visit patient satisfaction.Conclusions:Although it was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, an ambulatory antimicrobial stewardship program that focused on improving non–antibiotic-appropriate ARI prescribing was associated with decreased prescribing for (1) the stewardship target, (2) a diagnosis shifting measure, and (3) overall antibiotic prescribing. Patient satisfaction at ARI visits increased over time and was not associated with clinicians’ antibiotic prescribing rates.
GROUPS WITH A LARGE PERMUTABLY EMBEDDED SUBGROUP
Authors: DE FALCO MARIA , DE GIOVANNI FRANCESCO , MUSELLA CARMELA 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA group is called quasihamiltonian if all its subgroups are permutable, and we say that a subgroup Q of a group G is permutably embedded in G if
$\langle Q,g\rangle $
is quasihamiltonian for each element g of G. It is proved here that if a group G contains a permutably embedded normal subgroup Q such that
$G/Q$
is Černikov, then G has a quasihamiltonian subgroup of finite index; moreover, if G is periodic, then it contains a Černikov normal subgroup N such that
$G/N$
is quasihamiltonian. This result should be compared with theorems of Černikov and Schlette stating that if a group G is Černikov over its centre, then G is abelian-by-finite and its commutator subgroup is Černikov.
Identifying Patterns in the Structural Drivers of Intrastate Conflict
Authors: Moyer Jonathan D. , Matthews Austin S. , Rafa Mickey , Xiong Yutang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantitative methods have been used to: (1) better predict civil conflict onset; and (2) understand causal mechanisms to inform policy intervention and theory. However, an exploration of individual conflict onset cases illustrates great variation in the characteristics describing the outbreak of civil war, suggesting that there is not one single set of factors that lead to intrastate war. In this article, we use descriptive statistics to explore persistent clusters in the drivers of civil war onset, finding evidence that some arrangements of structural drivers cluster robustly across multiple model specifications (such as young, poorly developed states with anocratic regimes). Additionally, we find that approximately one-fifth of onset cases cannot be neatly clustered across models, suggesting that these cases are difficult to predict and multiple methods for understanding civil conflict onset (and state failure more generally) may be necessary.
Automorphism groups of endomorphisms of
Authors: Cai Julia , Hutz Benjamin , Mayer Leo , Weinreich Max 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor any algebraically closed field K and any endomorphism f of
$\mathbb{P}^1(K)$
of degree at least 2, the automorphisms of f are the Möbius transformations that commute with f, and these form a finite subgroup of
$\operatorname{PGL}_2(K)$
. In the moduli space of complex dynamical systems, the locus of maps with nontrivial automorphisms has been studied in detail and there are techniques for constructing maps with prescribed automorphism groups that date back to Klein. We study the corresponding questions when K is the algebraic closure
$\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p$
of a finite field. We use the classification of finite subgroups of
$\operatorname{PGL}_2(\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p)$
to show that every finite subgroup is realizable as an automorphism group. To construct examples, we use methods from modular invariant theory. Then, we calculate the locus of maps over
$\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p$
of degree 2 with nontrivial automorphisms, showing how the geometry and possible automorphism groups depend on the prime p.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. and Hepatocystis parasite infections of bats in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Kamani J. , Atuman Y. J. , Oche D. A. , Shekaro A. , Werb O. , Ejotre I. , Schaer J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBats are mammalian hosts to a large diversity of eukaryotic protozoan blood parasites, including different genera of haemosporidians and diverse species of trypanosomes. Phylogenetic studies suggest that bats, particularly in Africa, have played an important role in the evolutionary histories of these parasite groups. However, our understanding of the diversity and distribution of chiropteran haemosporidians and trypanosomes in Africa remains tenuous. We investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic relationships of the blood parasites in different bat species in Northern Nigeria using molecular methods. A low prevalence of Hepatocystis parasites was detected in a potentially rare host species, the African straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) confirming yet another fruit bat species in the diverse range of African bat hosts. Trypanosome infections were identified in 3 different bat species. The trypanosomes of Mops cf. pumilus were recovered as a distinct lineage that is related to Trypanosoma erneyi, a species which is closely related to Trypanosoma dionisii and Trypanosoma cruzi. Nycteris cf. macrotis bats were infected with trypanosomes that are related to the distinct lineage of Trypanosoma cf. livingstonei parasites. Further, 2 different lineages of trypanosomes in E. helvum bats share highest nucleotide identities with Trypanosoma livingstonei and a group of Trypanosoma sp. parasites that are closely related to T. cf. livingstonei and T. livingstonei, respectively. The findings of this study confirm the notion that trypanosomes of African bats are phylogenetically diverse and that African bats might harbour a variety of yet undescribed trypanosome species.
“You have to work…but you can’t!”: Contradictions of the Active Labour Market Policies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK
Authors: CALO FRANCESCA , MONTGOMERY TOM , BAGLIONI SIMONE 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe discourse of deservingness has been mobilised against certain groups in the UK society navigating UK labour markets, among them refugees and asylum seekers. These discourses, leading to the stigmatisation of the unemployed are coupled with an emphasis on the importance of individuals taking responsibility to develop their ‘employability’. Little attention has been paid to scrutinise the contrast between the deservingness rhetoric and policy making with the actual conditions newcomers, and in particular refugees and asylum seekers, are confronted with when seeking employment. Our paper fills such a gap by indicating key contradictions at the heart of labour market integration in the UK. On the one hand, the emphasis on deservingness is coupled with policy discourses that construct an environment shaped by welfare and labour market chauvinism. On the other hand, the policy architecture is fundamentally flawed in a number of ways in terms of the support mechanisms necessary to ensure that newcomers can successfully integrate into the labour market.