bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the three-point cuff palpation technique in preventing endobronchial tube migration during positioning in robotic pelvic surgeries
Authors: Mittal Amit K. , Dubey Jitendra , Shukla Seema , Bhasin Nikhil , Dubey Mamta , Jaipuria Jiten 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:
During robotic pelvic surgeries, the shortening of endotracheal tube (ETT) tip-to-carina distance (DTC) during pneumoperitoneum with 45° Trendelenburg position can result in endobronchial tube migration. In the three-point ETT cuff palpation (TPP) technique, maximal ETT cuff distension is felt over the tracheal segment located between the cricoid-thyroid membrane and suprasternal notch, which is likely to provide optimal placement. However, the reproducibility and reliability of the TPP technique in preventing endobronchial tube migration are yet to be evaluated. Hence, we compared three ETT placement techniques: TPP technique, intubation guide mark (IGM) technique and Varshney’s formula (VF) for the prevention of endobronchial tube migration during robotic pelvic surgeries.

Methods:
ETT placement by TPP was compared with IGM and VF techniques in 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class II-III patients, by assessing the serial changes in DTC and incidence of endobronchial tube migration throughout the different phases of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position using t-test and Chi-square test. Changes in the DTC during various phases were also measured.

Results:
DTC (mean ± standard deviation) at baseline and during pneumoperitoneum was significantly better in TPP technique (2.80 ± 0.62 cm and 1.96 ± 0.66 cm) as compared to both IGM (2.50 ± 1.27 cm and 1.41 ± 1.29 cm) and VF techniques (1.83 ± 1.13 cm and 0.98 ± 1.18 cm), P < 0.001. During pneumoperitoneum, the mean shortening of DTC was 0.84 ± 0.20 cm, and no endobronchial tube migration was found in TPP technique compared to 20% in IGM and 25% in VF techniques, P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
TPP is a simple and reliable technique, which provides optimal ETT placement and prevents endobronchial tube migration throughout the different phases of robotic pelvic surgeries.
Comparative evaluation of airway dynamics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia with controlled ventilation using ProSeal laryngeal mask airway, I-Gel™ and Baska mask
Authors: Kumar Brijender , Gupta Bhanu , Thakur Aman , Rana Shelly , Garg Mohini , Nehria Maninder 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:
TheProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) and I-Gel™ are second-generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs). The Baska mask is a SAD having a non-inflatable cuff with a tendency to increase the perilaryngeal seal with an increase in airway pressures. This study compared the efficacy of I-Gel™, PLMA and Baska mask with respect to airway dynamics in patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia (GA).

Methods:
Ninety patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged 20–65 years scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under GA were enroled. The patients were randomised into three groups: Group P (n = 30): airway secured using PLMA, Group I (n = 30): airway secured using I-Gel™ and Group B (n = 30): airway secured using Baska mask. The primary outcome was the change in dynamic compliance, and the secondary outcomes included insertion time, changes in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) at different time intervals.

Results:
After insertion of the SADs, the dynamic compliance was highest in group B and least in the group I (p = 0.01). The maximum decrease in dynamic compliance was observed in group I. The insertion time for SAD placement was more in group P. The group B had least PIP as compared to groups P, I at insertion. After carboperitonium, groups P and B had comparable PIP, and group I had highest PIP (p = 0.001). OLP was highest in group B, whereas group I had least OLP.

Conclusion:
The airway dynamics are better maintained with Baska mask as compared to the PLMA and I-Gel™.
Referral and counter-referral practices in obstetric emergencies among health-care providers in selected health facilities in Plateau state, Nigeria
Authors: NSEMO Alberta David , MALAU Samuel Mahan Zakka , OJONG Idang Neji 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to examine the referral and counter-referral practices in obstetric emergencies among health-care providers in selected health facilities in Plateau state of Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A concurrent embedded descriptive mixed method consisting of both quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted for the study. Participants (104) were recruited using multistage sampling and 8 participants using purposive sampling techniques for quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study, respectively. The three-phase delay model directed the study. A self-developed structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide were used to elicit quantitative and qualitative responses from the participants. Quantitative instrument was tested for reliability, while the qualitative instrument went through the rigors of qualitative data.

Results:
Findings revealed low level of referral and counter-referral practices as only 19 (18.27%) and 30 (28.85%), respectively, of care providers referred patients above 10 times in a year. The study also revealed inadequate human and material resources for referrals and counter-referrals. The mean on barriers to referral was 2.90, which was above the cutoff of mean of 2.50, which indicates that the barriers are militating against referral and counter-referral in obstetric emergencies.

Conclusions:
Low levels of referral and counter-referral practices are identified with inadequate resources among others posing as barriers. Therefore, provision of standard operational procedures/protocols in every health-care facility as well as provision of adequate material and skilled human resources among others is recommended to enhance referral and counter-referral network in obstetric emergencies. There is also a need for teamwork and synergy among all stakeholders in the referral chain.
Nurses and nursing students' knowledge regarding blood transfusion
Authors: GAUR Rakhi , MUDGAL Shiv Kumar , SUYAL Neha , SHARMA Suresh Kumar , AGARWAL Rajat , RAJ Ritu , JITENDER Chaturvedi 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study is to measure and compare the knowledge of nursing students and nurses on blood transfusion in an Indian context.

Materials and Methods:
The present comparative, cross-sectional study enrolled 296 nurses and 177 nursing students through a purposive sampling from a medical university hospital and different nursing institutions. The data were collected in the month of June and July of year 2021, using a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had two sections: Section-I contained demographic data (8 items for nurses and 5 for students) and section-II included 26 items that assessed nurses' and nursing students' knowledge on blood transfusion.

Results:
Findings indicated that nurses and nursing students had insufficient knowledge about blood transfusion. Nurses, however, had significantly greater total blood transfusion knowledge scores than nursing students (16.51 ± 3.85 vs. 12.10 ± 3.28; P < 0.001). The marital status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.456, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.244, 0.853; P = 0.037), educational level (AOR = 5.072, 95% CI 1.982, 9.634 (P = 0.003); AOR = 6.540, 95% CI 2.54, 16.871; P = 0.001) and work experience (AOR = 0.216, 95% CI 0.067, 0.702 [P = 0.037]; AOR = 0.331, 95% CI 0.135, 0.811; P = 0.013) were the significant predictors of the level of knowledge among nurses. The attendance in any educational programme on blood transfusion (AOR = 0.225, 95% CI: 0.062, 0.818; P = 0.041) was a significant predictor of the level of knowledge among nursing students.

Conclusion:
Nurses and nursing students have unsatisfactory knowledge on blood transfusion; emphasizing the critical need for immediate and successful teaching activities in this area.
Detection of Freezing of Gait Episodes in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Using Electroencephalography and Motion Sensors
Authors: Eliiyi Ugur , Kahraman Turhan , Genç Arzu , Keskinoglu Pembe , Özkurt Ahmet , Dönmez Berril Çolakoglu 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
Freezing of gait (FOG) is an important concern for both patients with Parkinson's disease (pwPD) and physicians. In this study, we aimed to introduce a study protocol and our initial data. The data were subsequently used in machine learning models to detect FOG episodes using brain activity signals and motion data in the laboratory setting using complex FOG-evoking activities in a sample of pwPD with and without FOG compared with age-matched healthy controls.

Subjects and Methods:
An experimental task to evoke a FOG episode was designed. This experimental task was tested on two pwPD with FOG in “on” and “off” periods and one healthy control. Brain activity signals and motion data were collected simultaneously using electroencephalography (EEG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs).

Results:
The whole procedure took about 2 h, during which around 30 min were spent on walking tasks, involving 35 complete tours in the designed 8-m hallway by pwPD. Both EEG and IMUs sensor data could be collected, accompanied by FOG episode data marked by the neurologist. The video recordings of the patient's walking tasks were checked and reanalyzed by the neurologist sometime after the data experiment for marking the beginnings and ends of the observed FOG episodes more precisely. In the end, 24 stops were marked as FOG, which corresponded to 11% of the sensor data collected during the walking tasks.

Conclusion:
The designed FOG-evoking task protocol could be performed without any adverse effects, and it created enough FOG episodes for analysis. EEG and motion sensor data could be successfully collected without any significant artifacts.
Larva Currens: Report of Seven Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Tian Yuan , Monsel Gentiane , Paris Luc , Danis Martin , Caumes Eric 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Strongyloidiasis is a frequent and often unrecognized parasitic disease because of the frequently asymptomatic nature and lack of sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Under conditions of immunosuppression (particularly systemic corticosteroid treatment), potentially fatal dissemination may occur. Thus, prevention and early diagnosis are important. Larva currens is a rare and pathognomonic cutaneous sign of strongyloidiasis, but is poorly described because of its unpredictable and fleeting occurrence. We report seven imported cases of larva currens seen in Paris between 1990 and 2020. We illustrate the clinical and biological features of this specific but uncommon sign of strongyloidiasis with clinical pictures. There were three males and four females, aged between 29 and 58 years. There were five migrants from endemic countries, one tourist and one expatriate. Digestive disorders were the main extracutaneous signs. All patients had eosinophilia above 0.5 G/L. All cases were confirmed by stool tests. All were cured with ivermectin. The rapidity and the short duration of the creeping eruption distinguish it from other parasitoses. Ivermectin is a treatment of choice. The key point is to think about preventing disseminated strongyloidiasis before giving corticosteroids not only among migrants but also among expatriates and tourists in endemic countries.
Seroprevalence of Chikungunya in an Asymptomatic Adult Population in North and South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: A. Jalloh Mohammed , Artika I Made , P. Dewi Yora , Syafruddin Din , Idris Irfan , B.B. Bernadus Janno , Telew Agustevie , S. Purwanto Diana , D. Rosita Yoeke , Antonjaya Ungke , S.A. Myint Khin 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Chikungunya (CHIK) is an emerging and reemerging infectious disease of public health importance in Indonesia. Information on the asymptomatic and true burden of CHIK virus (CHIKV) infections is limited. We assayed 1,092 healthy population samples, collected in North and South Sulawesi between 2019 and 2020, for antibodies against CHIKV. Blood samples were screened by IgM and IgG ELISAs and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. CHIKV IgG seroprevalence in North and South Sulawesi was 53.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The overall prevalence of anti-CHIKV IgM antibody was 12.9%. Molecular testing of blood donors revealed 0.66% (2/300) were positive for CHIKV qRT-PCR. Our study provides new insights into the CHIKV endemicity situation in the eastern part of Indonesia and warrants the need for further systematic surveillance considering there is no treatment or vaccine for CHIK infection.
Performance Assessment of a Lateral Flow Rapid Test (SsRapid®) Compared with Two Commercial ELISAs in Detecting Strongyloides Infection
Authors: Anuar Nor Suhada , Rahumatullah Anizah , Samsudin Norashikin , Mohamed Zeehaida , Osman Emelia , Zakaria Nik Zairi , Ahmad Hussain , Noordin Rahmah 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Approximately 600 million people worldwide are infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. Many diagnostic laboratories use serology to detect the infection. SsRapid® is a prototype IgG4 lateral flow test based on NIE recombinant protein. We compared SsRapid with two commercial IgG-ELISAs (Bordier and Euroimmun) using five sera groups (G1–5, N = 170). Healthy individuals from nonendemic areas (G1, N = 33) and Strongyloides larvae-positive patients (G2, N = 20) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the three assays. The group of other parasitic infections (G3) showed that SsRapid results were more concordant with Bordier ELISA (73%, 35/48) than Euroimmun ELISA (65%, 31/48). In corticosteroid-treated cancer patients who were polymerase chain reaction–positive for Strongyloides (G4, N = 25), SsRapid showed a higher detection rate (28%, 7/25) than both ELISAs (4%, 1/25). Meanwhile, SsRapid showed significantly less infection prevalence among the endemic area population (G5) than the ELISAs. Overall, SsRapid showed good performance in detecting Strongyloides infection compared with the commercial IgG-ELISAs.
Toplumsal İnşa Alanı Olarak Mensturasyon: Kadınların Deneyimlerindeki Baskı ve Mücadelenin Çözümlenmesi
Authors: YILMAZBİLEK Merve 
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma kadınların mensturasyon dönemlerindeki deneyimlerinin ataerkil kapitalizmle ilişkisi ele	almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda kadınların toplumsal bir inşa alanı olan mensturasyonu nasıl	deneyimlediklerini, bu deneyimlerdeki baskı ögelerini ve kadınların bu baskıyla mücadele edip	edemediklerini sorgulamaktadır. Feminist metodolojiye dayanan bu çalışmada yirmi bir kadınla	derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Biyolojik bir süreç olan mensturasyonun kadınlar için nasıl	toplumsal ve kültürel bir inşa haline geldiği ve hangi güç ilişkilerini içerdiği feminist metodolojinin	ilkelerine dayanarak çözümlenmiştir. Mensturasyon tıp alanının dışında sosyolojik ve feminist bir bakış	açısıyla değerlendirilirken kadın bilgisi odak noktası olmuştur. Çalışma boyunca mensturasyonu	kadınların anlamlandırmasının, deneyimlemesinin ataerkil ideoloji ve kapitalist sistemle ilişkisi	kurulmuştur.
Perceptions of Teachers and Learners of the Effects of COVID-19 on the Teaching and Learning process in Selected Secondary Schools in Kapiri- Mposhi District, Zambia
Authors: Kabeta Rachel , Chilinga Givers , Sakakombe Leonard 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and learners of the effects of Covid-19 on the teaching and learning process in the selected secondary schools in Kapiri- Mposhi District.
Methodology: Ten schools were selected using random sampling from the urban and rural parts of the district, from which a total of 197 participants comprising 100 grade 9 and 12 learners and 97 teachers, were sampled. A questionnaire, face to face interviews and focus group discussions were also used to collect data for this study.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed that COVID-19 was viewed to have had affected the teaching and learning negatively, as it was considered to have led to negative effects such as the closure of schools, loss of learning time, ineffective teaching and learning, poor or unequal access to learning opportunities, especially between learners in the urban and rural located schools regarding online learning. Out of 197 respondents, most of the participants (90.9%) agreed that COVID-19 may lead to unequal access to educational resources, and also that school closures may negatively impact teaching and learning outcomes, especially for the underprivileged. Further, 88.8%, 87.3%, 86.8% and 85.8% of the respondents were of the opinion that learners may substantially lag behind especially in reading and mathematical subjects, stigmatization of infected learners and staff may heighten absenteeism, school closures may put strain on parents and teachers to provide childcare and manage distance (remote) learning while learners were out of school, and risky behavior may increase that may lead to increased teenage pregnancies and substance abuse among learners, respectively.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to literature by providing more insight on how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the teaching and learning in the selected schools, it provides knowledge and insights which could also be used to understand the effect of the pandemic on education in general and thus help in finding solutions for such emergencies in future.
De-pathologizing Photographs
Authors: Wolthers Louise 
Published: December 2022

The 1920s was formative for the systematic use of photography in interconnected sciences such as racial biology, criminology, and psychiatry through widespread physiognomic classifications of body types, where deviance was “written on the skin”. The internationally distributed and highly influential publication Swedish Folk Types: An image gallery arranged according to race biological principles (1919) by racial biologist Herman Lundborg is an example of this. A small number of hitherto under-researched portraits labeled women as “manly types” and men as “female types”. Deriving from different sources, these photographs and inscriptions point to the role of photography in the constructions of gender and sexuality in interwar science and eugenics. They reflect complex intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, class, and sexuality as well as various scientific intersections and contexts. Furthermore, in a queer, suggestive contextualization the portraits also relate to the affirming, photographic representations of non-normative bodies in the period’s emerging, progressive sexuality research.
Erasmus Darwin, <i>The Botanic Garden</i>, ed. Adam Komisaruk and Allison Dushane
Authors: Gourlay Alexander S. 
Published: December 2022

Blake evidently read parts of The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles, and certainly helped to illustrate it. The most striking verbal and pictorial responses in Blake are found in the Songs, The Book of Thel, and other early works, but if we count faint echoes of Darwin’s peculiar hybrid of natural science and poetry, his influence can be detected even in late projects, like Jerusalem. In Blake’s distinctive appropriative procedure, images were often derived from verbal sources and vice versa, as in the title page of Thel, in which he draws on Darwin’s Ovid-based account of the apparent sexual destruction of Anemone, the windflower, by Zephyr, the west wind.
Computed Tomography Dose for Adult Head Scan in Anambra State of Nigeria
Authors: Adejoh Tom , Anene Chukwuziem N. , Akanegbu Ubaka E. , Imo Samuel A. , Chiegwu Hyacinth U. , Onwujekwe Emeka C 
Published: December 2022

Background: Computed tomography is associated with relatively high radiation doses and could cause serious health risks. Globally, it is reported that many physicians do not to have adequate knowledge about CT dose. Furthermore, although dose records are available from developed countries, there is a paucity of literature in Nigeria. Dose outputs in our locality are also scarce in the literature.
Objective: To review adult head CT dose in the four largest centres in Anambra State.
Methodology: A 6-month retrospective retrieval of dose summary from the control console. Digital folders of subjects â‰¥ 18 years were sampled purposively and sequentially, out of the 2015 population of CT examinations. The CTDIvol and DLP for each case were recorded in a pro forma. The mean dose in each centre as well as the combined mean for all centres were calculated. The results were compared with the recommendations of the European Commission and similar studies from Nigeria.
Results: The digital folders of 200 subjects made up of 104 (52.0 %) males and 96 (48.0%) females with an age range of 18 â€“ 93 years were involved in the study. Cranium (n = 164; 82 %) dominated the CT requests. The mean CTDIvol and DLP in the four centres was 58 mGy and 1112 mGy.cm. The mean CTDIvol (73 mGy) and DLP (1613 mGy-cm) in one of the centres was extreme. When excluded, the mean CTDIvol and DLP for the remaining three centres were 52 mGy and 945 mGy.cm, respectively.
Conclusion: Dose output in Anambra State was comparable to the recommendation of the European Commission but varied significantly from other local studies. The establishment of diagnostic reference levels for CT procedure in the locality is imperative.
Quality Control of Conventional X-Ray Tube in Three Tertiary Hospitals in South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Nworah Nnamdi F. , Nzotta Christian C. , Chiegwu Uche , Oyekunle Emmanuel. O. , Ikegwuonu Nwamaka C. , Ugwuanyi Daniel C. 
Published: December 2022

Background:Quality control of conventional x-ray tube ensures that the patient integral radiation dose is minimized and image quality is improved, by controlling the x-ray beam to reduce scatter radiation.
Objective:To assess x-ray tubes for half value layer (HVL), x-ray field and light field congruence using known standard.
Methodology:The HVLs were measured using calibrated, non-invasive, digital multifunctional detector meter that incorporate computer output. The detector was positioned at the center of the collimated beam axis with focus-to-image distance (FID) of 100 cm. Tube potentials of 80 and 100 kVp were selected, and used to make exposures. The corresponding HVLs were then recorded. Also, x-ray field and light field congruence were measured by placing 18 cm x 24 cm cassette loaded with film at FID of 100 cm. The collimator light was in ON position and metal markers were used to delineate the periphery of the light field. Misalignment was calculated from the developed radiographs using standard formula.
Results:The HVL ranged from 3.40 to 4.4mmAl. Also, the sum of the misalignment in both orthogonal directions ranged from 7.21 to 9.70 % of FID in all three centers.
Conclusion:The HVL were within standard limit at 80 and 100 kVp in all the centers studied. However, x-ray field and light field were grossly misaligned.