bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer under the Influence of Ocean Surface Waves
Authors: Liu Changlong , Li Xinyu , Song Jinbao , Zou Zhongshui , Huang Jian , Zhang Jun A. , Jie Ganxin , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The deviation of the mean wind profile from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) within the wave boundary layer (WBL) is investigated by combining four levels of turbulence data measured on a fixed platform with wave measurements. The data suggest that the mean wind profile follows MOST under wind-sea conditions because the turbulence statistics and structure are consistent with the attached eddy model. However, pronounced swell-related peaks appeared in the velocity spectra and uw cospectra under swell conditions. The upward wave-induced stress resulted in a large wind gradient within the WBL when light winds traveled with the swell, while the opposite result was found for the wind-opposite swell. These phenomena were analyzed based on the velocity spectra and turbulence variances. We found that the deviation of the wind profile was due to the longer or shorter length of the f  −1 scaling region appearing in the velocity spectra.

Significance Statement
The interactions between ocean waves and adjacent airflow affect the functioning of Earth’s climate and weather systems. However, our physical understanding of air–wave interactions remains incomplete, for example, the deviation of the mean wind profile from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory within the wave boundary layer. In this study, we aim to provide new insights by analyzing four-level turbulence data and wave measurements. We found that when the local wind travels faster than the wave, the airflow over the wavy surface is similar to that over land because the effects of waves do not reach the measurement heights. In conditions with wind-following or -opposing fast-propagating waves, the overlying airflow is greatly modified as the turbulence is affected by wave-induced perturbations.
A Time-Dependent Sverdrup Relation and Its Application to the Indian Ocean
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Huang Rui Xin , Peng Qihua , Chu Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Sverdrup relation is the backbone of wind-driven circulation theory; it is a simple relation between the meridional transport of the wind-driven circulation in the upper ocean and the wind stress curl. However, the relation is valid for steady circulation only. In this study, a time-dependent Sverdrup relation is postulated, in which the meridional transport in a time-dependent circulation is the sum of the local wind stress curl term and a time-delayed term representing the effect of the eastern boundary condition. As an example, this time-dependent Sverdrup relation is evaluated through its application to the equatorial circulation in the Indian Ocean, using reanalysis data and a reduced gravity model. Close examination reveals that the southward Somali Current occurring during boreal winter is due to the combination of the local wind stress curl in the Arabian Sea and delayed signals representing the time change of layer thickness at the eastern boundary.

Significance Statement
Sverdrup balance dictates the law of meridional transport of steady circulation in the upper ocean, and has been one of the foundations upon which our understanding of ocean circulation is built. However, for circulation forced by time-varying wind stress, with annual, interannual and decadal frequency, the governing law remains elusive. In this study, we introduce a time-dependent Sverdrup relation applicable to time-dependent wind-driven circulation. As an example, this relation is used to diagnose the monsoon-driven circulation in the Indian Ocean.
Research progress of BK virus and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , You Xin , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2022

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which patients are often infected by viruses due to deficient immunity or immunosuppressant use. BK virus (BKV)mainly affects the kidney and can also cause multiple organ involvement throughout the body, which is similar to SLE. BKV is mostly a latent infection in vivo. The incidence of virus reactivation is higher in SLE patients. Reactivation of BKV can induce the production of autoantibodies, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of SLE. Purpose: Aim of this article is to review the prevalence and pathegenesis of BKV infection in SLE patients. Method: The literature search was conducted using four different databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. Results: BK virus is higher infection and reactivation in SLE patients. The "hapten carrier" mechanism may lead to the production of autoantibodies. Some immunosuppressive drugs, like leflumide and hydroxychloroquine, may show a protective effect. Conclusions: BKV infection plays a role in the occurrence and development of SLE, and its significance deserves further exploration.
Pillar tarsoconjunctival flap: An alternative approach for the management of refractory corneal ulcer
Authors: Zamorano-Martin Francisco , Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos , Rodriguez-Calvo-de-Mora Marina , Sanchez-España Juan Carlos , Garcia-Lorente Maria , Borroni Davide , Peraza-Nieves Jorge , Ortiz-Perez Santiago , Torras-Sanvicens Josep 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To report the effectiveness of the surgical procedure of the tarsoconjunctival flap (FTC) in patients with severe ocular surface impairment refractory to previous conventional treatments. Methods A retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. Results Pillar tarsoconjunctival flap (PTCF) was performed in eight eyes of eight patients. Three patients had neurotrophic corneal ulcer (NCU), three had exposure keratopathy and two had corneal melting. Seven of them had satisfactory postoperative results, showing total corneal re-epithelialization that lasted throughout the postoperative follow-up (mean 10.33 ± 2.65 months [SD], range 6 to 12 months). Mean time for the re-epithelization was 11.28 ± 8.97 days [SD] (range 4 to 30 days). Conclusion This study suggest PTCF is a valid alternative to tarsorrhaphy in cases of persistent epithelial defect (PED) or NCU resistant to conventional treatments. Notwithstanding, prospective comparative trials comparing PTFC with conventional and/or novel therapies in PED or NCU are needed to corroborate these findings.
Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injection: a novel therapy for serous retinal detachment due to Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease
Authors: Tabl Ahmed Abdelshafy , Elsayed Mohamed Anany , Tabl Marwa Abdelshafy 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To assess the efficacy and safety of Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injection [SCTA] as an adjunctive therapy in management of Vogt-Koyanagi Harada [VKH] serous retinal detachment. Design Prospective parallel group study. Participants 12 eyes of 6 patients with bilateral multiple serous retinal detachment of VKH in acute phase on systemic steroids. Methods Each patient was received single SCTA injection (SCTA group, n = 6 eyes) and the other non-injected eye (Standard treatment group, n = 6 eyes), patients were followed for 1, 3, and 6 months to assess changes in best corrected visual acuity [BCVA], central foveal thickness [CFT] and intraocular pressure [IOP] between both groups. Main outcome measures The primary end point was changes in BCVA from baseline till 6th months follow-up. Secondary end points were changes in CFT and IOP from baseline to 6 months of follow-up. Results BCVA at one and three months was significantly better in eyes received SCTA than in non-injected eyes (p-value = 0.026 for each). CFT at one and three months was significantly higher in non-injected eyes than in eyes received SCTA (p-value = 0.028 for each). IOP showed no significant differences between both groups. Conclusions SCTA is an effective adjuvant treatment for VKH serous retinal detachment, without any serious ocular adverse effects or increase in IOP and causing significant reduction in CFT and rapid improvement in BCVA when combined with oral steroids.
“Stop & drop”- a modified “stop & chop” phacoemulsification technique for cataract surgery
Authors: Mtanes Kamal , Mimouni Michael , Sommer Adir C. , Blumenthal Eytan Z. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To introduce a novel technique termed “stop and drop” for creating the first crack in the initial hemi-nucleus, eliminating the need to slip a chopper under the anterior capsular rim during horizontal chopping, hence lowering the risk of capsular or zonular damage. Methods Placing a blunt chopper tip on the upper surface of the hemisection proximal to the capsular edge and pressing it downward to initiate a crack in a pinching manoeuvre. Once a crack has formed, the chopper can slide to the side, widening the crack and assisting the phaco needle to pull out the first fragment. Results The technique was used in over 100 cases of cataracts successfully. No radial tear, posterior capsule rupture or zonulolysis occurred. Conclusions “Stop and drop” is an effective and safe technique for performing phacoemulsification. It is not suitable for soft nuclei where the chopper will likely “cheese-wire” through the nuclear material.
Open-Label Pilot Study of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of Mannitol-Modified Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid (HANOX-M-XL) for the Treatment of the First Metatarsophalangeal Osteoarthritis (Hallux Rigidus): The REPAR Trial
Authors: Galois Laurent , Coillard Jean-Yves , Porterie Jérôme , Melac-Ducamp Sylvie , Conrozier Thierry 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain information on safety and short-term efficiency of a single intra-articular injection of mannitol-modified cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HANOX-M-XL) in patients with painful first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis (1stMTPJ-OA). Methods: The study involved an observational, single-arm, prospective multicentre trial, with a 3-month follow-up. Inclusion criteria were patients with symptomatic 1st MTPJ-OA not relieved by analgesics and / or non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs and / or foot orthotic. All patients received a single, imaging-guided intra-articular (IA) injection of 1 mL of HANOX-M-XL in the 1st MTPJ. The primary outcome was the change in pain between the date of injection and month 3. The secondary outcomes were the patient assessment of effectiveness, the decrease in painkiller use and the influence of the radiographic score on the clinical efficacy. Results: Sixty-five participants (72.3% women, mean age = 60) were included in the trial. Coughlin-Shurnas radiological grade was 1 in 28 patients, 2 in 29, and 3 in 6. At baseline and month 3, the average pain (0-10) was 6.5 ± 1.8 and 2.8 ± 2.3, respectively. The change in pain score was highly significant (−3.1 ± 2.9; P < .0001). At baseline there was no statistically difference in pain between the radiological stages ( P = .69). At endpoint, the average pain score was 2.0 ± 1.9 in x-ray stage 1, 3.1 ± 2.3 in stage 2 and 3.3 ± 2.4 in stage 3 ( P = .001). Mild to moderate adverse reactions were reported by 15 patients. All were a transient increase of the hallux pain that occurred immediately and up to 6 hours after injection and resolved in 1 to 7 days. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that a single IA injection of HANOX-M-XL is safe and mainly benefits patients with mild moderate 1st MTPJ-OA. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these preliminary encouraging results.
Efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in recently diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with multiple sclerosis: Results from ASCLEPIOS I and II
Authors: Gärtner Jutta , Hauser Stephen L , Bar-Or Amit , Montalban Xavier , Cohen Jeffrey A , Cross Anne H , Deiva Kumaran , Ganjgahi Habib , Häring Dieter A , Li Bingbing , Pingili Ratnakar , Ramanathan Krishnan , Su Wendy , Willi Roman , Kieseier Bernd , Kappos Ludwig 
Published: March 2022

Background: In the phase III ASCLEPIOS I and II trials, participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis receiving ofatumumab had significantly better clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes than those receiving teriflunomide. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in recently diagnosed, treatment-naive (RDTN) participants from ASCLEPIOS. Methods: Participants were randomized to receive ofatumumab (20 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks) or teriflunomide (14 mg orally once daily) for up to 30 months. Endpoints analysed post hoc in the protocol-defined RDTN population included annualized relapse rate (ARR), confirmed disability worsening (CDW), progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and adverse events. Results: Data were analysed from 615 RDTN participants (ofatumumab: n = 314; teriflunomide: n = 301). Compared with teriflunomide, ofatumumab reduced ARR by 50% (rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.50 (0.33, 0.74); p < 0.001), and delayed 6-month CDW by 46% (hazard ratio (HR; 95% CI): 0.54 (0.30, 0.98); p = 0.044) and 6-month PIRA by 56% (HR: 0.44 (0.20, 1.00); p = 0.049). Safety findings were manageable and consistent with those of the overall ASCLEPIOS population. Conclusion: The favourable benefit–risk profile of ofatumumab versus teriflunomide supports its consideration as a first-line therapy in RDTN patients. ASCLEPIOS I and II are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02792218 and NCT02792231).
Bilingual Hong Kong primary school children’s vocabulary: The impact of Filipina domestic workers
Authors: Wolfaardt Jacobus Francois 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Filipina domestic workers (FilDWs) on bilingual Hong Kong children’s language development. More specifically, it looked at FilDWs’ influence on the L1 Cantonese-receptive vocabulary and word reading, and the L2-English receptive vocabulary of bilingual Hong Kong primary school children attending an English Medium of Instruction (EMI) school. Methodology: A total of 64 children aged 8–9 participated in the main study. Thirty-four children from homes with FilDWs and 30 from homes with no FilDW took receptive vocabulary tests in Cantonese and English, a Cantonese word reading test, and a working memory capacity (WMC) test. Data and analyses: Test scores of both participating groups were compared and analyzed with independent t-tests. The content validity index was employed to validate the receptive vocabulary tests. Findings: Participants from households with FilDWs scored significantly higher on the English receptive vocabulary test, while no significant differences between the two groups were found on either the Cantonese tests or the WMC test. The results suggest that FilDWs exert a positive impact on the L2-English receptive vocabulary, without a negative impact on L1 Cantonese-receptive vocabulary or word reading, of bilingual Hong Kong primary school children from EMI schools. Originality: This study’s Socioeconomic-status (SES)-matched groups (as measured via level of maternal education) and comparable levels of school-based language exposure clearly highlight the role of home language, especially L2 English, exposure. It is also the first study investigating the impact of FilDWs on children’s language acquisition that employed a WMC test. Implications: The study makes a practical contribution by informing Hong Kong parents of bilingual children attending EMI schools that they can expect their children’s English vocabulary to benefit via the employment of a FilDW, without a trade-off effect on L1-Cantonese.
Human safety study of a selective neuronal adenylate cyclase 1 inhibitor NB001 which relieves the neuropathic pain and blocks ACC in adult mice
Authors: Wang Weicong , Chen Qi-Yu , Zhao Pengpeng , Zhong Jingbo , Wang Yan , Li Xiaorong , Zhuo Min , Chen Xia 
Published: March 2022

Calcium-dependent, neuronal adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) is critical for cortical potentiation and chronic pain. NB001 is a first-in-class drug acting as a selective inhibitor against AC1. The present study delineated the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of human-used NB001 (hNB001) formulated as immediate-release tablet. This first-in-human (FIH) study was designed as randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. hNB001 showed placebo-like safety and good tolerability in healthy volunteers. A linear dose-exposure relationship was demonstrated at doses between 20 mg and 400 mg. The relatively small systemic exposure of hNB001 in human showed low bioavailability of this compound through oral administration, which can be improved through future dosage research. Food intake had minimal impact on the absorption of hNB001 tablet. Animal experiments further confirmed that hNB001 had strong analgesic effect in animal models of neuropathic pain. In brain slice prepared from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bath application of hNB001 blocked the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). These results from both rodents and human strongly suggest that hNB001 can be safely used for the future treatment of different types of chronic pain in human patients.
Are there differences in symptoms experienced by midlife climacteric women with and without metabolic syndrome? A scoping review
Authors: Min Se Hee , Yang Qing , Min Se Won , Ledbetter Leila , Docherty Sharron L , Im Eun-Ok , Rushton Sharron 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Midlife climacteric women with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for experiencing a complex array of symptoms. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the prevalence, types, and clustering of symptoms in midlife climacteric women with metabolic syndrome and to compare them to symptoms of midlife climacteric women without metabolic syndrome. Methods: A three-step search method was used according to Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Eligibility criteria of participants, concept, context, and types of evidence were selected in alignment with the review questions. Seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertation & Theses, OpenGrey) were searched using search terms with no language or date restrictions. Title and abstract screening, full-text review, data charting, and data synthesis were conducted by two independent researchers based on the eligibility criteria. Results: The search yielded 3813 studies after removing duplicates with 48 full-text papers assessed for eligibility. A total of eight studies were reviewed and analyzed which reported the prevalence and types of symptoms individually or grouped based on each body system. Midlife climacteric women with metabolic syndrome experience a wide prevalence of individual and grouped urogenital, vasomotor, psychological, sleep, and somatic symptoms. Mental exhaustion had the highest prevalence (84.4%) among the individual symptoms, and urogenital symptoms had the highest prevalence (81.3%) among the grouped symptoms. There were mixed findings on symptoms between midlife climacteric women with metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome. No studies focused on symptom clusters. Conclusion: Our findings will serve as a knowledge basis for understanding symptoms experienced by midlife climacteric women with metabolic syndrome. This new knowledge can assist clinicians in effectively assessing and managing their symptoms in clinical settings and inform future development of targeted symptom management interventions.
Impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on a US sample of patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Gutierrez Gloria , Girma Helen , Kuhnell Pierce , Macaluso Maurizio , Kaminski Henry J. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has devastated the world and demonstrated the inadequacy of health care in the United States. To assess its impact, the Rare Disease Clinical Research Network conducted a survey to assess the pandemic on the rare disease community of patients, including those with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was designed to target people or their care givers who live in the United States, have a rare disease, and are under 90 years of age. Respondents logged onto a dedicated web page and completed the survey online, which requested demographic, disease-specific, drug treatment, and symptom information as well as assessment of Covid-19 impact on them. The survey was open from May 2020 to December 2020. Results: Five hundred ninety-four with self-reported myasthenia gravis completed the survey, which was the largest number of respondents. Sixty percent of respondents were women with a mean age of 60 years. Eighty-nine percent identified as White. Respondents did not appreciate a worsening of symptoms after the pandemic. Only 7 respondents reported the diagnosis of Covid-19 but 11% indicated they had difficulty accessing care at the time of the survey. Discussion and Conclusion: Patients with MG complained of worse access to medical care during the early months of the pandemic, including challenges in diagnosis of suspected Covid-19 infection. A major limitation of the survey is its inability to access minority populations. Nevertheless, the results of the Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RCDRN) survey of patients with MG provide clear evidence that the pandemic has demonstrated the deficiencies in US healthcare.
Treatment and clinical endpoints in polycythemia vera: seeking the best obtainable version of the truth
Authors: Gotlib Jason 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolycythemia vera (PV) is a Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm driven by the JAK2 V617F (or rarely exon 12) mutation. Its natural history can extend over a few decades, and therefore treatment planning is predicated on continual reassessment of traditional risk features (age, prior thrombosis) to evaluate the need for cytoreduction besides foundational therapy with low-dose aspirin and stringent phlebotomy. Shorter- and longer-term patient goals should be considered in light of several variables such as comorbid conditions (especially cardiovascular risk factors), disease symptoms, and the risk-benefit profile of available drugs. While hydroxyurea has been the pro forma choice of cytoreduction for many practitioners over the last half-century, the more recent regulatory approvals of ruxolitinib and ropeginterferon-alfa-2b, based on phase 3 randomized trials, highlight an expanding portfolio of active drugs. Obtaining high-level evidence for short-term clinical trial endpoints such as hematocrit control, symptom burden/quality of life, splenomegaly, and JAK2 V617F allele burden lies within the timeline of most studies. However, in many cases, it may not be possible to adequately power trials to capture significant differences in the typically low event rates of thrombosis as well as longer-horizon endpoints such as evolution to myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukemia and survival. This Perspective highlights the challenges of addressing these data gaps and outstanding questions in the emerging treatment landscape of PV.