bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nature, Frequency, and Timing of Pediatric Sedation Adverse Events
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Lasarev Micheal L. , Ferrazano Peter A. , Peters Megan E. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES
The nature and frequency of pediatric sedation adverse events (AEs) have been well described. However, the timing of specific AEs in induction, procedure, and recovery phase of sedation remains unknown. The objective was to describe the nature, frequency, and timing of AEs. We hypothesized that most AEs would start at the induction phase.

METHODS
We examined prospectively collected data of sedation encounters of children 3 months to 18 years of age, characterized by at least 1 AE, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. Patient characteristics, primary diagnosis, procedure type, nature, frequency, and timing of AEs were reported.

RESULTS
Of 12 012 sedation encounters, the mean age was 7.6 (SD = 4.9) years, most (89%) were American Society of Anesthesiologists II risk, the most common diagnosis was hematology/oncology (27.3%) and the most common procedure radiologic (47.8%). At least 1 AE occurred during 765 (6.4%) encounters. Respiratory AEs were most common (n = 645, 5.4% of all encounters) and started more often during induction (64.5% of respiratory AEs). Partial upper airway obstruction was the most common respiratory AE (2.8% of all encounters). Partial (59.4%) and complete (77.3%) upper airway obstruction and apnea (84%) all began more often during induction. Laryngospasm (48.4% vs 46.8%) and hypoxemia (59.3% vs 39%) were similarly distributed between induction and procedure, respectively, though they were rare during recovery.

CONCLUSIONS
Most respiratory events in this cohort started during the induction or procedure phases. The sedation team should be especially prepared to administer rescue maneuvers and allocate staff/resources during these phases.
Postharvest application of acibenzolar-S-methyl and plant extracts affect physicochemical properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits
Authors: Jaime-Guerrero Marilcen , Álvarez-Herrera Javier Giovanni , Ruiz-Berrío Hernán David 
Published: October 2022

The demand for fruits with high anthocyanin content, such as blueberries, has increased in recent years due to their health benefits. However, few studies are known on the postharvest behavior of blueberry fruits subjected to the application of plant extracts and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the application of ASM and vegetable extracts (mint and coriander) on the organoleptic characteristics of blueberry fruits stored at 16°C during postharvest through a completely randomized design with five treatments. The contents of total anthocyanins in fruits (TA) did not differ between treatments, with values that ranged between 74.1 mg and 83.9 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight. The TA tended to increase during storage and then to decrease during senescence. The firmness of blueberry fruits increased during storage, but hardness did not increase, since the fruits are softer and show wrinkling over time, indicating that the epidermis of the fruits has great elasticity. The fruits with the application of vegetable extracts showed the highest total soluble solids and total titratable acidity. The values of red/green and yellow/blue ratio increased, so the blueberry fruits slightly lost their blue hue during postharvest. Fruits with ASM application reached a postharvest life of 15 d after harvest (dah) while the other treatments only maintained quality for 13 dah.
A Data-Driven Approach for Computationally Modeling Players' Avatar Customization Behaviors
Authors: Lim Chong-U , Harrell D. Fox 
Published: October 2022

Avatar customization systems enable players to represent themselves virtually in many ways. Research has shown that players exhibit different preferences and motivations in how they customize their avatars. In this paper, we present a data-driven analytical approach to modeling player behavioral patterns exhibited during the avatar customization process. We used our data mining tool \textit{AIRvatar} to analyze telemetry data obtained from 190 players using an avatar creator of our own design. Using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and N-gram models, we demonstrate how our approach computationally models behavioral patterns exhibited by players such as "regular shopping," "engaged shopping," or "bored browsing". Our models obtained significant effect sizes (0.12 <= R^2 <= 0.54) when validated with multiple linear regressions for players' time spent engaging in activities within the avatar creator. The NMF model had comparably high performance and ease of interpretation compared to control models.
The Marginal: A Game for Modeling Players' Perceptions of Gradient Membership in Avatar Categories
Authors: Lim Chong-U , Harrell D. Fox 
Published: October 2022

We encounter the results of category formation every day, from demographic categories like race and gender, to role-playing-game classes like "fighter" or "mage". Category membership is often not simply based on the possession of discrete properties but instead constructed from and reflect the highly nuanced relationships (gradience) between members and best-example individuals called "prototypes". In this paper, we present The Marginal, an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven game that (1) computationally models the cognitive categories that players develop when customizing videogame avatars and (2) generates challenges for players to use their perception of visual, textual, and numerical data to progress in a game created using these models. We use archetypal analysis, an AI clustering approach for identifying boundary points in data, to generate tasks in The Marginal for its gameplay. It shows how AI can be combined with games to model and evaluate cognitive categorization phenomena.
Characters Who Speak Their Minds: Dialogue Generation in Talk of the Town
Authors: Ryan James , Mateas Michael , Wardrip-Fruin Noah 
Published: October 2022

The Expressive Intelligence Studio is developing a new approach to freeform conversational interaction in playable media that combines dialogue management, natural language generation (NLG), and natural language understanding. In this paper, we present our method for dialogue generation, which has been fully implemented in a game we are developing called Talk of the Town. Eschewing a traditional NLG pipeline, we take up a novel approach that combines human language expertise with computer generativity. Specifically, this method utilizes a tool that we have developed for authoring context-free grammars (CFGs) whose productions come packaged with explicit metadata. Instead of terminally expanding top-level symbols — the conventional way of generating from a CFG — we employ an unusual middle-out procedure that targets mid-level symbols and traverses the grammar by both forward chaining and backward chaining, expanding symbols conditionally by testing against the current game state. In this paper, we present our method, discuss a series of associated authoring patterns, and situate our approach against the few earlier projects in this area.
Is Your Game Generator Working? Evaluating Gemini, an Intentional Generator
Authors: Osborn Joseph C. , Dickinson Melanie , Anderson Barrett , Summerville Adam , Denner Jill , Torres David , Wardrip-Fruin Noah , Mateas Michael 
Published: October 2022

Determining whether a game generator is working properly is challenging, since it entails conducting potentially many evaluations of generated games and synthesizing these into a net evaluation of the system. The problem is compounded when the generator has a human-centered goal: for example, that the generated games should be interpreted as having certain mechanics or as being about particular ideas. In this paper, we examine the Gemini game generator and develop an evaluation instrument that tests the interpretability of its generated games’ mechanics and higher-order proceduralist arguments. In the process we build empirical evidence for the claim that some amount of non-systems-based framing is required in order for arguments made by procedural rhetorics to be sensible to players. The tools we have assembled for this evaluation can be applied to game generators more broadly; game generators should be allowed to invent games which go beyond merely formally “good” or subjectively “fun.”
A Generative Computational Model for Human Hide and Seek Behavior
Authors: Cenkner Andrew , Bulitko Vadim , Spetch Marcia 
Published: October 2022

Hiding and seeking is a cognitive ability frequently demonstrated by humans in both real life and video games. We use machine learning to automatically construct the first computational model of hide/seek behavior in adult humans in a video game like setting. The model is then run generatively in a novel environment and its behavior is found indistinguishable from actual human behavior by a panel of human judges. In doing so the artificial intelligence agent using the model appears to have passed a version of the Turing test for hiding and seeking.
Towards Adaptive Quest Narrative in Shared, Persistent Virtual Worlds
Authors: Tomai Emmett 
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we discuss motivations for studying interactive narrative in shared, persistent worlds using the established conventions of quest-based MMORPGs. We present a framework for categorizing the various techniques used in these games according to the interaction between the world model and the quest model. Using this framework we generalize recent games to present a more dynamic world model, and investigate extensions to the quest model to support storytelling through adaptive quest narratives.
Mezzo: An Adaptive, Real-Time Composition Program for Game Soundtracks
Authors: Brown Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Mezzo is a computer program designed that procedurally writes Romantic-Era style music in real-time to accompany computer games. Leitmotivs are associated with game characters and elements, and mapped into various musical forms. These forms are distinguished by different amounts of harmonic tension and formal regularity, which lets them musically convey various states of markedness which correspond to states in the game story. Because the program is not currently attached to any game or game engine, “virtual” gameplays were been used to explore the capabilities of the program; that is, videos of various game traces were used as proxy examples. For each game trace, Leitmotivs were input to be associated with characters and game elements, and a set of ‘cues’ was written, consisting of a set of time points at which a new set of game data would be passed to Mezzo to reflect the action of the game trace. Examples of music composed for one such game trace, a scene from Red Dead Redemption, are given to illustrate the various ways the program maps Leitmotivs into different levels of musical markedness that correspond with the game state.
Whole-exome sequencing of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Timechko E. E. , Shilkina O. S. , Oreshkova N. V. , Kobanenko V. O. , Osipova E. A. , Shnayder N. A. , Dmitrenko D. V. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common type of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with onset in adolescence and adulthood. During medical genetic counseling in probands with JME, aggravated epilepsy-related heredity is often detected. However, specific genetic variants of JME predisposition remain inconclusive. The use of contemporary methods of genetic analysis, particularly whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, allows to detect, confirm and strengthen an association of any certain pathological phenotype with one or another pathogenic variant in a number of genes.Objective: to analyze the results of whole exome sequencing in patients with JME and seek for JME associations.Material and methods. The study included 7 patients with established JME diagnosis and 1 proband child without clinical signs of epilepsy. Whole exome sequencing was carried out by using MiSeq (Illumina, USA), bioinformatics analysis was performed on the Genomenal platform (Novel Software Systems, Russia).Results. Heterozygous carriage of pathogenic variants in the genes of recessive diseases was revealed: SACS, AHI1, CEP164, ANO10, RMND1, POMGNT1, FLG, ACTB. The analysis of the identified genetic variants in the patients examined showed no association with the clinical picture of the disease. Heterozygous missense mutations in CLCN2, EFHC1, JRK, ME2 genes and frameshift mutation in the CACNB4 gene were detected. Conclusion. In recent years, significant efforts were made to identify genes which predispose to JME. During our study, monogenic and/or polygenic pathogenic variants in patients with JME and a child of proband with JME were not identified. The high genetic heterogeneity of JME can explain numerous unsuccessful attempts to find genes predisposing to JME. Further research is necessary to confirm variants associated with potential JME. Advances in genomic technology can expand our understanding of the genetics of this pathology.
Temporal lobe white matter pathways: clinical and anatomical examination related to surgery of drug-resistant structural focal epilepsy
Authors: Sufianov A. A. , Shelyagin I. S. , Simfukwe K. , Markin E. S. , Stefanov S. Zh. , Yakimov Yu. A. , Akimova P. O. , Sufianov R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Background. Detected temporal lobe focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) often results in developing drug-resistant epilepsy requiring surgical treatment. In turn, temporal lobectomy, despite its high efficiency, can cause a certain deficit associated with direct or indirect damage to the brain pathways.Objective: to describe the main anatomical features of temporal lobe brain pathways and clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy that developed in temporal lobe FCD.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 14 patients with drug-resistant structural focal epilepsy (temporal lobe FCD) who underwent surgery (anterior temporal lobectomy) was carried out. To localize the epileptogenic zone, specialists of the multidisciplinary group performed a comprehensive presurgical examination in all participants. The surgical material was examined by a neuromorphologist, the diagnosis was verified. In the postoperative period, patients underwent a series of control examinations at standard time points (after 3, 6, 12, 36 months). The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. As a part of the anatomical study, 6 brain hemispheres were investigated prepared for the white matter fibers dissection using Klingler technique. The main pathways that run within or near the temporal lobe were selectively examined: the lower longitudinal, medial longitudinal, lower fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi.Results. In the postoperative period, no complications were observed in 14.3% of patients after 4 cm resection of the temporal lobe subdominant hemisphere. Speech disorders (mostly transient) were detected in 35.7% of the subjects, visual field disorders (mainly transient) – in 21.4%, neuropsychiatric disorders – in 43.9%. Overall seizure control: 93% of patients achieved class I according to Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale.Conclusion. Anterior temporal lobectomy can be considered as a highly effective method of surgical treatment of drug-resistant structural focal epilepsy with a high rate of achieving control over epileptic seizures in the postoperative period. However, the mandatory conditions for maintaining the quality of life for patients after such a surgical intervention include preoperative analysis of the risk of adverse effects performed by a multidisciplinary team as well as postoperative management and rehabilitation.
Estimation of Site Terms in Ground-Motion Models for California Using Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios from Microtremor
Authors: Pinilla-Ramos Camilo , Abrahamson Norman , Kayen Robert 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from microtremor (mHVSR) data obtained at 196 seismic stations in California are used to evaluate three alternative microtremor-based proxies for site amplification for use in ground-motion models (GMMs): the site fundamental period (f0), the period-dependent amplitude of the mHVSR(T), and the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T). The alternative parameters are evaluated for the sites with and without measurements of VS30. If a VS30 measurement is not available for a site, then f0 has the highest correlation with the site amplification for short periods (T &lt;1 s) and the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T) has the highest correlation for long periods (T ≥1 s). If a measurement of the VS30 is available for a site, then the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T) has the highest correlation for the site amplification not explained by VS30 for all periods. For both cases, the correlations are strongest at the longer periods as mHVSR(T) measurements excel at providing valuable information for sites with long-period amplification due to the deeper velocity structure. In particular, for sites with a VS30 measurement, the normalized mHVSR(T) amplitude provides more information about the long-period site terms than the basin depth currently used in GMMs. Empirical models of the median and standard deviation of the site terms based on the normalized mHVSR(T) curves are developed for the two cases. These models can be used directly in the ASK14 GMM to modify the median and aleatory standard deviation or they can be used to estimate the site-specific site term in the context of a partially nonergodic GMM. Including the mHVSR(T) measurement can have a significant effect on estimates of the ground motion at a site: the range 5%–95% on the observed HVSR(T) values corresponds to factors of 0.6–1.6 for the median spectral acceleration for periods between 0.5 and 4 s.
Community survey on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nnachi Oluomachi C. , Akpa Chinedu O. , Onwe Ogah E. , Nwani Emmanuel I. , Nwani Favour O. , Ekpagu Victor , Onoh Toochukwu J. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Blood transfusion is a vital component of health care delivery. The populace perspective on blood donation is critical to ensure adequate and safe blood supply. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation among adults in a southeastern state in Nigeria.Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study. A total of 636 participants aged 18-60 years participated in the study. Multi-stage and systematic random sampling was involved in selection of study participants and pretested questionnaires were administered. Fishers exact test was used to test statistical significance and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of outcome and control of confounding variables.Results: Majority, 71.2% of the participants were assessed as having good knowledge while 62.9% had a good attitude towards blood donation but only 32.5% had good practice. Most of the reasons for not donating blood include that no one asked for it (42.3%) and didn’t think of it (24.7%). Males, higher education level, and being an orthodox church member were positively associated with good blood donation attitude.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation is good. However, the level of practice is low. The most important reasons for not donating blood include lack of information on when it is needed and self-perceived risks of pain, anemia, and unfitness due to manual/farm work. Community education on the safety of blood donation practices and establishment of donor reminder systems are needed to improve blood donation practices.
High Frequency of Microsatellite Instability among Non-Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Fanaei Khadijeh , Salahshourifar Iman , Ameli Fereshteh , Esfandbod Mohsen , Irani Shiva 
Published: October 2022

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is considered a key factor in carcinogenesis and a genetic alteration pattern in many types of cancers such as gastric cancer (GC). Although the role of MSI in colorectal cancer (CRC) is well known, its prognostic impact on GC has not been clearly defined. The assessment of MSI in GC has not been documented in the Iranian population yet. Therefore, this study analyzed the association of MSI status with GC in Iranian patients.
Materials and Methods: We compared the frequency of MSI at 5 loci from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastrectomy specimens, between metastatic and non-metastatic cases of GC (N = 60). A panel of five quasi-monomorphic markers and a single dinucleotide marker with linker-based fluorescent primers was used.
Results: MSI was observed in 46.6% of cases, including MSI-high (H) (33.3%) and MSI-Low (L) (13.3%). Moreover, the most unstable and stable markers in our study were NR-21 and BAT-26 accordingly. MSI-H and MSI were seen more frequently in non-metastatic tumors (p= 0.028 and p= 0.019, respectively).
Conclusion: The current study showed MSI status more frequently in non-metastatic GC which may reflect a good prognostic factor in GC like CRC. Although, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm this statement. A panel consisting of NR-21, BAT-25, and NR-27 mononucleotide markers appears to be reliable and useful markers for detecting MSI in GC in Iranian patients.
A Study of Training Needs Assessment of Doctors and Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study in Punjab, India.
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Jagdeep 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Training has a distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal.. The present study aimed to identify the training needs of the doctors and nurses in the hospital and to prioritize these training needs.
Methods: The study was a cross sectional study which was conducted in Sri Guru Ram Das charitable Hospital Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab,India, among doctors and nurses from october to December 2019. A total of 100 doctors and nurses through Convenient Sampling were interviewed after taking informed consent. The World Health Organization–adopted Hennessy Hicks Training Needs Analysis Questionnaire, a self-reported close-ended structured questionnaire with a core set of 30 items was used. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Descriptive statistics mean and (SD) were calculated for quantitative data and frequency ( percentages) for qualitative data. independent sample t-test was applied to compare importance and performance scores among doctors and nurses. p value less than 0.05 and 0.01 were considered significant and highly significant respectively.
Results: There is maximum training need in research activities (average difference score of 1.5) followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks (1.2) and clinical tasks (1.1). For research activities mean (SD) difference of average score for importance and performance was 2.0 ( 1.10) among doctors and 1.6 among nurses (0.72) while for administrative tasks it was 1.5 ( 1.10) and 0.6 (0.96) for doctors and nurses respectively. For supervisory tasks it was 1.4 ( 0.94) among doctors and 0.9(SD 0.78) among nurses.( p value for research activities, administrative tasks and supervisory task was .03, .000 and .003 respectively)
Conclusions: Among all the categories of activities, maximum training need was found for research activities followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks and clinical tasks.