The Impact of COVID-19 on Patients with IBD in a Prospective European Cohort Study
Authors: Amiot Aurelien , Rahier Jean-Francois , Baert Filip , Nahon Stephane , Hart Ailsa , Viazis Nikos , Biancone Livia , Domenech Eugeni , Reenears Catherine , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Beaugerie Laurent , Burisch Johan ,   I-CARE collaborator group, Gornet Jean-Marc , Beaugerie Laurent , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Reimund Jean-Marie , Hebuterne Xavier , Amiot Aurélien , Blanc Pierre , Pineton De Chambrun Guillaume , Roblin Xavier , Karmiris Konstantinos , Shariq Sohail , Viazis Nikolaos , Limdi Jimmy , Eder Piotr , Michalopoulos Georgios , Bell Andrew , Biancone Livia , Dewitte Marie , Mazhar Zia , Franchimont Denis , Nancey Stephane , Macaigne Gilles , Principi Maria Beatrice , Fumery Mathurin , Parkes Gareth , Valats Jean-Christophe , Doherty Glen , Bouguen Guillaume , Molnar Tamás , Tsai Hersin , Gangi Mohsin , Pedersen Natalia , Heluwaert Frédéric , Shenderey Richard , Zeissig Sebastian , Butterworth Jeffrey , Castiglione Fabiana , Corless Lynsey , Zallot Camille , Baert Filip , Singh Salil , Sonwalkar Sunil , Burton Julie , Clayton Elizabeth , Rahier Jean-François , Vani Deven , D’inca Renata , Bellaiche Guy , De Vos Martine , Kirchgesner Julien , Kopylov Uri , Lobaton Triana , Locher Christophe , Mantzaris Gerassimos , Abouda George , Smith Katie , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Wesley Emma , Bonnet Joëlle , Elphick David , Gilletta Cyrielle , Gordon John , Laharie David , Nakad Antoine , Orlando Ambrogio , Dubois Patrick , Hasselblatt Peter , Michiels Christophe , Preston Cathryn , Staicu Anca , Vuitton Lucine , Kaassis Mehdi , Speight Ally , Ghosh Deb , Löwenberg Mark , Mathieu Nicolas , Pelletier Anne-Laure , Phillips Anne , Magro Fernando , Altwegg Romain , Avni Biron Irit , Landy Jonathon , Nachury Maria , Shenoy Achuth , Trang Caroline , Abitbol Vered , Bamias Georgios , Farkas Klaudia , Maaser Christian , Shitrit Ariella , Siegmund Britta , Filippi Jérôme , O’morain Colm , Yanai Henit , Costes Laurent , Hobday David , Szepes Zoltán , Calabrese Emma , Dallal Helen , Fung Michael , Ramadas Arvind , Baburajan Bijay , Koss Konrad , Barberis Christophe , Buisson Anthony , Amil Morgane , Balestrieri Paola , Johnson Matthew , Tzouvala Maria , Viennot Stéphanie , Li Andy , Nagy Ferenc , Thompson Nick , Alric Laurent , Samuel Sunil , Bourrier Anne , Chanteloup Elise , Del Tedesco Emilie , Harbord Marcus , Lobo Alan , Myers Sally , Pollok Richard , Ahmad Tariq , Chaudhary Rakesh , Karakoidas Christos , Louis Edouard , Soliman Ashraf , Stefanescu Carmen , Theocharis Georgios , Vanden Branden Stijn , Beltran Belén , Bouhnik Yoram , Bourreille Arnaud , Branco Joana , Colleypriest Ben , Eliakim Rami , Knight Paul , O’Toole Aoibhlinn , Robles Virgina , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Bosca Marta Maia , Lambrecht Guy , Marquez Mosquera Lucia , Panter Simon , Pappa Aikaterini , Simon Marion , Sivaji Ganesh , Bellanger Christophe , Belle Arthur , Borruel Natalia , Egan Laurence , Peeters Harald , Sharpstone Daniel , Arasaradnam Ramesh , Benitez José Manuel , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Giouleme Olga , Gisbert Javier P , Helwig Ulf , Minguez Miguel , Tsironi Eftychia , Variola Angela , Allen Patrick , Boivineau Lucille , Cole Andy , Dib Nina , Gomollon Fernando , Johnston Richard , Katsanos Konstantinos , Kennedy Nick , Kiszka-Kanowitz Marianne , Marin-Jimenez Ignacio , Miheller Pál , Nos Pilar , Saraj Othman , Vinter-Jensen Lars , Zittan Eran , Baudry Clotilde , Calvet Xavier , Cazelles-Boudier Marie-Christine , Coenegrachts Jean-Louis , Cullen Garret , Daperno Marco , Dhar Anjan , Gerard Romain , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Jensen Nanna , Maharshak Nitsan , Mcalindon Mark , Mcloughlin Simon , Parkes Miles , Patel Kamal , Peixoto Armando , Polymeros Dimitrios , Portela Francisco , Rocca Rodolfo , Seksik Philippe , Subramanian Sreedhar , Tennenbaum Ruth , Atreya Raja , Bachmann Oliver , Berger Arthur , Bor Renáta , Buckley Maire , Carpio Daniel , Chaparro María , Costa Francesco , Domenech Eugeni , Esteve Maria , Foley Stephen , Guardiola Jordi , Koutroubakis Ioannis , Kuehbacher Tanja , Landman Cécilia , Lavagna Alessandro , Manceñido Noemí , Mañosa Míriam , Martín-Arranz Maria Dolores , Plastaras Laurianne , Scribano Maria Lia , Sengupta Subhasish , Teich Nils , Tran-Minh My-Linh , Zampeli Evanthia , Amininejad Leila , Arroyo Teresa , Attar Alain , Backman Ann-Sofie , Bálint Anita , Beckly John , Ben Horin Shomron , Bernardo Sónia , Caillo Ludovic , Caron Bénédicte , De Silva María Shanika , Fábián Anna , Fiorino Gionata , Gutierrez Ana , Lahat Adi , Masmoudi Mohamed , Mendolaro Marco , Muls Vinciane , Poullenot Florian , Probert Christopher , Reenaers Catherine , Rutka Mariann , Sarwari Zaman , Sayer Joanne , Sicilia Beatriz , Sousa Helena , Van Kemseke Catherine , Vieira Ana , Zabana Yamile , Astegiano Marco , Banim Paul , Bettenworth Dominik , Boualit Médina , Brodersen Jacob Broder , Christidou Angeliki , Cooney Rachel , Cortez Pinto João , Cravo Marília , Cremer Anneline , Danese Silvio , Di Sabatino Antonio , Fallingborg Jan , Ferronato Antonio , Garcia Planella Esther , Gupta Sanjay , Halfvarson Jonas , Israeli Eran , Kestenbaum Samantha , Larsen Lone , Macken Elisabeth , Mathou Nicoletta , Milassin Ágnes , Pofelski Joanna , Ricci Chiara , Rodriguez-Moranta Francisco , Schmidt-Lauber Martin , Shaw Ian , Soares Marta , Soliman Heithem , Triantos Christos , Zografos Konstantinos , Agrawal Anurag , Armuzzi Alessandro , Aubourg Alexandre , Barreiro-De Acosta Manuel , Barrio Jesús , Bergemalm Daniel , Bermejo Fernando , Bodini Giorgia , Bohr Johan , Bossuyt Peter , Christodoulou Dimitrios , Claessens Christophe , Collins Paul , De Francisco Ruth , Garcia Santiago , Georgopoulos Sotirios , Goutorbe Felix , Kalantzis Chrisostomos , Kourikou Anastasia , Mace Vincent , Malamut Georgia , Ministro Paula , Nion Larmurier Isabelle , Ricart Elena , Serrero Mélanie , Sheridan Juliette , Weimers Petra , Andersen Vibeke , Arroja Bruno , Bokemeyer Bernd , Bujanda Luis , Degand Thibault , Eriksson Carl , Garceau Cécile , Glerup Henning , Goren Idan , Jackson Lucina , Koch Stéphane , Mesonero Francisco , Ordas Ingrid , Riviere Pauline , Saibeni Simone , Soares João , Tavernier Noémie , Theede Klaus , Ungar Bella , Bästlein Elke , Gasbarrini Antonio , Protopapas Andreas , Reindl Wolfgang , Bossa Fabrizio , Hart Ailsa , Heil Franz-Josef , O’connor Anthony , Oldenburg Bas , Pastorelli Luca , Patchett Stephen , Ramakrishnan Subramaniam , Caestecker John De , Echarri Ana , Kevans David , Büning Jürgen , Coelho Rosa , Jansen Jeroen , Koslowski Benjamin , Wells Christopher , Ceballos Daniel , De Konig Daan , König Ingrid , Padmanabhan Hari , Patani Timi , Qureshi Raheel , Zagorowicz Edyta , Allez Matthieu , Archavlis Emmanouil , Bonnet Delphine , Guidi Luisa , Mcnamara Deirdre , Vernia Piero , Weidenhiller Michael , Alon Lang , Boysen Trine , Delattre Charlotte , Farrell Richard , Krüger Rolf-Achim , Paupard Thierry , Prost Bénédicte , Vind Ida , Caprioli Flavio , Gancho Vladimir , Quentin Vincent , Avidan Benjamin , D’haens Geert , Mccarthy Jane , Snook Jonathon , Soufleris Konstantinos , Zerbib Frank , Carter Dan , Depla Annekatrien , Eisenbach Thomas , Fries Walter , Grammatikos Nikolaos , Ilegems Saskia , Lopez-Sanroman Antonio , Moreau Jacques , Riegler Gabriele , Rietdijk Svend , Rocha Marta , Rosa Isabelle , Ryan Barbara , Yeremenko Yelena , Boruchowicz Arnaud , Damião Filipe , Laoudi Foteini , Lügering Andreas , Macarri Giampiero , Thomopoulos Konstantinos , Barros Luísa , Blixt Thomas , Garros Aurélien , Khorrami Sam , Sokol Harry , Sturm Andreas , Livovsky Dan , Maul Jochen , Miks Heinrich , Papadopoulos Vasileios , Schmidt Carsten , Snir Yifat , Svenningsen Lise , Ahmed Wafaa , Broitman Yelena , Cuillerier Emmanuel , Kant Prashant , Leyden Jan , Lichtenstein Lev , Lopes Susana , Martineau Chloé , Mulcahy Hugh , Schweitzer Axel , Van Schaik Fiona , Banai Hagar , Danion Pauline , Dulery Charlotte , Fidder Herma , Gay Claire , Hagege Hervé , Harnois Florence , Jørgensen Søren Peter , Müller-Ziehm Jens , Oikonomou Michail , Palmela Carolina , Schulze Jörg , Smith Mark , Thurm Tamar , Bresso Francesca , Brixi Hedia , Jones John , Macmathuna Padraig , Michopoulos Spyridon , Painchart Claire , Ron Yulia , Vester-Andersen Marianne , Alexandrino Gonçalo , Börner Norbert , Cardoso Mariana , Chagas Cristina , Dignaß Axel , Dotan Iris , Hedin Charlotte , Karatzas Pantelis , Kasapidis Panagiotis , Palatka Károly , Sakizlis Georgios , Wilson Ana , Bosanko Nick , Caldeira Paulo , Gagniere Charlotte , Libier Louise , Meunier Camille , Moog Gero , Pasquion Audrey , Pica Roberta , Akbar Ayesha , Arab Nadia , Cadiot Guillaume , Carvalho João , Charpignon Claire , Fellermann Klaus , Fishman Sigal , Fraser Gerald , Gluck Nathan , Hoesl Mark , Kierkus Jarosław , Klopocka Maria , Martin Arranz Eduardo , Menchen Luis , Nikolaus Susanna , Petrache Anca , Ponsioen Cyriel , Riestra Sabino , Robledo Pilar , Rodriguez Cristina , Samer Misheal , Tischer Matthias , Wypych Joanna , Baudon Julien , Bezzio Cristina , Boschetti Gilles , Burisch Johan , Creed Tom , Demarzo Maria Giulia , Festa Stefano , Figueroa Andrés , Julsgaard Mette , Navarro Pablo , Perez-Galindo Pablo , Sablich Emanuele , Tosca Joan , Vidon Mathias , Vidon Marine , Vitte René-Louis , Wampach Anne , Abitbol Vered , Shaji Sebastian , Biancone Livia , Armuzzi Alessandro , Karmiris Konstantinos , Viazis Nikolaos , Domenech Eugeni , Gisbert Javier P , Bossuyt Peter , Reenaers Catherine , Maaser Christian , Siegmund Britta , Helwig Ulf , Burisch Johan , Julsgaard Mette , Yanai Henit , Kopylov Uri , Doherty Glen , Magro Fernando , Molnar Tamás , Löwenberg Mark , Oldenburg Bas , Halfvarson Jonas , Backman Ann-Sofie , Zagorowicz Edyta , Kierkus Jarosław , Baumann Cédric , Clerc Urmes Isabelle , Rousseau Hélène , Borie Marc , Caron Bénédicte , Kirchgesner Julien , Uzzan Mathieu , Cooney Rachel , Chatten Kelly , Limdi Jimmy , Peter Rimmer , Tariq Iqbal , Cossignani Marta , Viazis Nikolaos , Cañete Fiorella , Holvoet Tom , Krasz Susanne , Weimers Petra , Goren Idan , Dias Sandra , Farkas Klaudia , Bergemalm Daniel , Zagorowicz Edyta , Abalia Hadas , Abaza Aziza , Abramovich Gal , Ackzell Ingrid , Adams Carol , Addleton Catherine , Alfambra Erika , Algaba Alicia , Allcock Clare , Allison Joanna , Amouriaux Karine , Anderson Julie , Anderson Emma , Appelmans Saskia , Armand Sophie , Armstrong Lisa , Atkins Stacey , Attaran-Bandarabadi Masoumeh , Bailey Yvonne , Bär Florian , Bardot Stephanie , Beck Natasha , Bennett Lillie , Bergfeld Jonathan Phil , Berkane Ramdane , Blin Marion , Boey Hanne , Bowlas Louise , Bradley-Potts Joanne , Brear Tracy , Bretlander-Peters Nicole , Brown Ellen , Brown Johanna , Buckingham Elizabeth , Buellens Katrien , Bull Rhian , Burke Maura , Burns Leighanne , Burton Julie , Bwalya Agness , Cabanas Karine , Callaghan Muriel , Camou Océane , Campbell Debbie , Capoferro Elvira , Carnahan Mandy , Carnio Cornelia , Carter Anne , Casali Clack Concetta , Chedouba Leïla , Cipriano Bessie , Claeys Sophie , Clayton Elizabeth , Closset Manon , Coban Dilek , Cococcia Sara , Coe Carolann , Cole Helen , Collet Emilie , Collins Kayleigh , Combes Isabelle , Connor Emma , Constantin Kathryn , Cooke Susan , Cornet Nathanaëlle , Corrihons Estelle , Corsino Pilar , Cortaville Rosie , Cossignani Marta , Cotterill Donna , Cowton Amanda , Cox Harriet , Cripps Viktoria , Crowder Amanda , Cukier Tzufit , Daniel Amelia , Dawe Chris , De Haan Jose , De La Croix Rosanna , Dejonckheere Evva , Delare Villanegro Juan , Delaval Guillaume , Delliponti Mariangela , Delommez Aude , Detry Emilie , Dhanaratne Melanie , Dias Sandra , Diez Galan LAURA , Dodel Marie , Dooks Emma , Du Cheyron Joseph , Duane Linda , Dukwen Helene , Dulling Vulgo Cochran Jennifer , Dyer Simona , Dymond Harvey , Ekblad Charlotte , Elliott Kerry , Emmerson Ingrid , Eugene-Jolchine Irène , Fleming Lorna , Fleming Lorna , Fletcher Eve , Ford Sarah , Forshaw Greg , Foulds Angela , Francois Caroline , Fuge Nicole , Gafni Gal , Ganon Miri , Garcia Nuñez Olga , Garcia Ramirez Laura , Gelder Sophie , Gettkowski Raimonda , Gilardi Daniela , Giuffrida Paolo , Gobert Vincent , Godden Jo , Godwin Nuala , Goulden Kay , Graham Sharon , Green Charlotte , Green Marie , Gueye Aboubakar , Guler Tuba , Gustavsson Ida , Hadjisavvas Helena , Hammonds Fiona , Hantzi Christina , Hauke Marion , Haydock Julie , Haydock Julie , Hayes Orla , Helbo Nislev Lizette , Hochstodter Jessica , Hogg Ashleigh , Hogg Ashleigh , Hölbing Manuela , Holland Maureen , Holsbergen Maartje , Howard Linda , Hoyda Aviya , Hull Robert , Irish Jane , Jackson Wendy , Janssen Wendy , Jeffrey Lesley , Jeffrey Lesley , Jourdan Sofia , Jutrowska Izabela , Kaniel Chava , Karezos Theofilos , Kelly Niamh , Kelly Jessica , Kennedy Mary , Kennedy Una , Kibaru Joyce , Kirkman Gemma , Klaproth Janine , Kneese Corinna , Koch Andrea , Kokke Kathleen , Koppelow Martha , Krasz Susanne , Krause Sabine , Krauspe Sabine , Kwakkenbos Petra , Labarile Nunzia , Lang Hannah , Lassailly Marianne , Leconte Martine , Lepczynski Linda , Levell Emma , Levhar Nina , Lindhort Kerstin , Lisle Jessica , Lopez Cauce Beatriz , Lorenz Gabriele , Lovati Ambra , Lowry Tracey , Lund Margareta , Lutz Vorderbrügge Anne , Maansson Suzanne , Madapathage Videsheka , Cheviakoff Maelys , Magness Alison , Manley Orla , Manyoni Catherine , Marg Ingke , Marra Antonella , Martins Carole , Massella Arianna , Mathias Aurore , Menzel Karin , Mervyn Danielle , Minsart Charlotte , Mitchell Sally , Monks Kathleen , Montero Mélanie , Moore Alson , Moser Maren , Moss Alison , Mullen Angela , Murciano Mª Francisca , Naylor Deanna , Nehus Ansgar , Nicholson Anne , Nöding Sarah , Nolan Sinead , Nörenberg Janet , Northcott Clare , Oates Pauline , O’connell Jim , O’kelly Alison , Orbach-Zingboim Noam , Orobitg Judit , Otieno Charlene , Owen Charlotte , Patch Sarah , Pauker Maor , Pauli Renate , Pearson Harriet , Peggy Falgon , Petit Séverine , Petrissans Christine , Piergallini Simona , Pippard Lucy , Pitt Laura , Pócsik Gabriella , Poher Yoann , Pomes Chloé , Pritchard Lucy , Puchades Laura , Quaid Sheena , Rana Aleem , Rana Aleem , Raynard Dana , Reilly Mykla , Reinert Sonja , Reinknecht Manuela , Renner Baerbel , Reynolds Rob , Rizzuto Giulia , Robinson Matthew , Robrechts Joke , Rodriguez Eva Mª , Rosenblum Efrat , Russel Tamlyn , Sadare Ibiyemi , Salama Noa , Schakel Toos , Schauer Anja , Schiavoni Elisa , Shaw Caroline , Shelton Sarah , Sicart Virginie , Siouville Elodie , Smith Orla , Soude Théo , Stephenson Sophie , Stephenson Elaine , Steppe Marjan , Sterkx An , Stickley Jo , Stickley Jo , Stickley Jo , Sugrue Kathleen , Swietec Natalia , Tasiaux Charlotte , Thamu Bhavneet , Thomas Susane , Tobi Ogwa , Touabi Kahina , Tovi Shifra , Tregonning Julie , Turchini Laura , Unkhoff Julia , Unruh Olesya , Uzun Nurcan , Van Aert Frauke , Vanden Bergh Sandrine , Vandenbroucke Louise , Vansteenkiste Laura , Vardit Shay , Vergriete Valentin , Walker Elaine , Warner Eleanor , Watchorn Olivia , Watson Ekaterina , Wauthier Marie-Claire , Weetman Maria , Weston Margaret , West-Petroschka Wiebke , Wienecke Susann , Wierling Kerstin , Wiestler Miriam , Wilcox Rebecca , Wilhelmsen Elva , Williams Angharad , Williamson Georgina , Wilson Deborah , Wistance Kate , Wortmann Nicolas , Wurie Subie , Yadgar Karin , Young Gail , Young Megan , Aucouturier Julien , Bertin Marie- Jo , Bougrine Hasnae , Coisnon Marie , Defrance Antoine , Gutierrez Kati , Harouz Amel , Jerber Laure , Khlifi Aida , Kirati Amina , Liworo Nasaladjine , Logoltat Maude , Mailhat Charlotte , M’bayi Chancely , Medane Yasmina , Merkhoufa Dalal , Mohamed Elhad Saouda , Monthe Bertille , Moyon Fanny , Rabiega Pascaline , Sekela Jennifer , Thilloy Charlotte , Hamamouche Naima , Partisotti Frederic , Blandin Patrick , Mokhtari Hocine , Coutard Laure 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
There are concerns regarding the potential impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We report on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in a European prospective cohort study of patients with IBD

Patients and Methods
We prospectively collected data from 5457 patients with IBD nested in the ongoing I-CARE project and still followed up in April 2020, with monthly online monitoring of clinical activity, treatment, imaging and endoscopy. Investigators were also contacted to report incidental cases.

Results
In total, 233 [4.3%] reported COVID-19 and 12 [0.2%] severe COVID-19, with no COVID-19 deaths. The risk of COVID-19 in patients with IBD was not increased compared to the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]: 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03–1.34], p = 0.009), as well as the risk of severe COVID-19 (SIR: 0.69, 95% CI [0.35–1.20], p = 0.93). We did not observe any negative impact of the different IBD-related medication on the risk of either COVID-19 or severe COVID-19. In 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a drastic decrease in endoscopic and imaging procedures from March to May 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019. No impacts on clinical IBD disease activity as well as ongoing treatment were noted.

Conclusion
No increases in either COVID-19 or severe COVID-19 incidences were observed in patients with IBD. There was no impact of COVID-19 on IBD-related medication and clinical activity. Access to endoscopy and imaging was restricted during the first months of the first COVID-19 outbreak.