bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic Connectivity and Flow Generation from California Vernal Pool, Swale, and Headwater Stream Complexes to Downstream Waters
Authors: Stepchinski Leanne M. , Rains Mark C. , Lee Lyndon C. , Lis Richard A. , Nutter Wade L. , Rains Kai C. , Stewart Scott R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many headwater wetlands are integrated into flowpath networks and can serve as sources of streamflow for downgradient waters. We demonstrate this with five years of data in vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream complexes in the Central Valley, California. Long-term United States Geological Survey data suggest that the mean flow duration from the smallest watersheds in this region, including those with vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream complexes, is ~ 85 days per year. Our data concur, indicating that the annual days of flow per year from our vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream complexes ranges from ~ 20–200, but is ~ 85 when annual precipitation is 100% of normal. Peak stages are evident first in vernal pools which then propagate sequentially downstream through swales, headwater streams, and to the Sacramento River at celerities of ~ 1-1.5 m/s, consistent with expected flood wave velocities. Geospatial analyses show that these vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream features cover > 4% of the study area. Our results suggest these systems can be significant sources of streamflow, and therefore play an important role in maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of downstream waters, which has important implications for the definition of waters of the United States subject to regulation under the Clean Water Act.
An Application of Social Marketing for Promoting HIV Testing in Iran
Authors: Alipour Fatemeh , Shams Mohsen , Maleki Mostafa , Mousavizadeh Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: It has been estimated that 60,000 Iranians were infected with HIV/AIDS and only 36% of them are aware of their status. This study aimed to design, implement and evaluate a social marketing campaign to promote HIV testing in Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwest of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest without a control group, developed based on a social marketing assessment and response tool. To design the intervention formative research was conducted, comprised of four focus group discussion sessions with 42 participants of the target community along with seven semi-structured interviews with health care providers involved in the HIV/AIDS Program. Data analysis was done manually using content analysis and the main content was formulated for the campaign. Afterward, the slogan and messages of the campaign were developed. The campaign’s materials including banners, posters, pamphlets, referral forms, and short messages were designed, pretested, and revised. Ultimately, the campaign was conducted for one month in October 2019. To determine the effectiveness of the campaign, the rate of referrals to the Center for Behavioral Health Counseling Services (CBHCS) for three months before and after the campaign was compared.
Results: The findings of the qualitative study showed that the majority of the interviewees mentioned that the main reasons for the low rate of referrals to get tested for HIV were lack of awareness and information about HIV/AIDS and its diagnosis as well as the (CBHCS) including its free and confidential tests. Moreover, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS was introduced as one other important reason for low referrals for testing. The rate of referrals for HIV testing in three months leading up to the campaign was 18, 32, and 23 people, and three months after the campaign was 64, 81, and 44 individuals; respectively. The results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that the campaign had increased the rates of referrals for HIV testing through its significant influence on females, and individuals with academic degrees.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the social marketing campaign was successful in persuading people to get tested for HIV.
Predictors of treatment failure pain among patients gunshot wounds
Authors: Horoshko Vasyl’ , Kuchyn Iurii 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: In patients with gunshot wounds during hostilities in Ukraine, 70% have negative results of pain treatment, which leads to its chronicity. Identifying predictors of negative pain treatment outcomes in these patients could potentially improve their treatment outcomes.
Methods: The treatment of 1555 patients was analyzed. The results of the treatment were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Comparison of groups was carried out according to the Mann-Whitney test. The method of constructing univariate and multivariate logistic regression models was used to analyze the relationship between the risks of receiving a negative treatment result and factor characteristics. The quality of the models was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC – Area under the ROC curve). To quantify the degree of influence of the factor characteristic, the odds ratio indicator was calculated.
Results: Predictors of negative results of pain treatment in patients with gunshot wounds are: 1) method of pain treatment (p<0.001), OR=0.10 (95% CI 0.08–0.13); 2) type of anesthesia: the risk of receiving negative treatment results is higher when using general anesthesia compared to regional (p<0.001), OR =0.59 (0.44-0.78) and regional with sedation (p<0.001), OR =0.44 (0.33-0.57) ; 3) the number of injured anatomical parts of the body (p<0.001), OR =0.82 (0.75-0.90); 4) the number of performed operations (p=0.036) OR =0.94 (0.90-0.99); 5) high intensity of pain according to VAS at admission (p<0.001), OR=1.60 (95% CI 1.39-1.84).
Conclusions: The analysis showed that the method of pain treatment, the use of general anesthesia compared to regional anesthesia (regardless of the use of sedation), the number of injured anatomical parts of the body, the number of surgical interventions performed on the patient and the high intensity of pain upon admission to the medical institution are associated with a greater risk of receiving negative treatment results pain in patients with gunshot wounds. Giving preference to the use of a combination of pain treatment methods with regional anesthesia methods, pain control at the stage of transportation to a medical institution can potentially improve the results of treatment of such patients.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: Retrospectively registered on July 29, 2022, NCT05482061.
Sport and non-specific low back pain in athletes: a scoping review
Authors: Farra Fulvio Dal , Arippa Federico , Carta Giuseppe , Segreto Marco , Porcu Elisa , Monticone Marco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The contribution of sport in non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) remains unknown, due to a large heterogeneity in methods. The aims of this scoping review (ScR) were to systematically map and summarize findings concerning studies reporting data on NS-LBP among athletes.
Methods: This ScR was developed referring to the 2020 version of the JBIRM and the PRISMA-ScR. Five medical databases were searched up to November 2021. No limitations in terms of study design and language were applied. Results were presented numerically and thematically.
Results: A total of 4061 records were identified through the initial search; 114 articles met the inclusion criteria. Publications had increased over years since 1990. Most of the studies (17.5%) were conducted in the USA, even if most research (53.5%) was conducted in Europe. Analytic observational (42%) and cross-sectional studies (37%) were the most used designs, followed by case reports (12%) and systematic reviews (9 %). Boating (7%), football, soccer, volleyball, running and gymnastics (4.4% each) were the most investigated, although the majority of the studies considered sports in general (36.8%). The overall sample size median was 181, mean age 22+/-10.2; 68% of athletes were professional and 32% amateur. Most of the studies (38%) did not detail the frequency of training. Sport was reported as a risk factor in 67.5% of cases.
Conclusions: This is the first ScR to provide a comprehensive overview on this topic. Publications have shown an increasing interest over the last years. Currently research is more centered on the effects of sport practice in general. Research methods are extremely varied and often not adequate to produce strong levels of evidence. Higher-quality, standardized observational research focused on specific sports activities is needed to properly address clinical practice and further research.
COVID-19 monoclonal antibody treatment impact on symptoms and post-COVID conditions among high-risk patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Vawter Natalie L. , Godino Job G. , Lewis Sydney V. , Northrup Adam W. , Samaniego Jane , Poblete Jacqueline Y. , Guereca Alexander , Sharp Sydney P. , Matthews Eva , Crespo Noe C. , Ramers Christian B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment for COVID-19 is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, there is limited information regarding the impact of treatment on symptoms and the prevalence of post-COVID Conditions (PCC). Understanding of the association between time to mAb infusion and the development of PCC is also limited.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted among patients with COVID-19 who received mAb infusions at a Federally Qualified Health Center in San Diego, CA. A series of telephone interviews were conducted at baseline and follow-up (14 days and 28+ days). A comprehensive symptom inventory was completed, and physical and mental health status were measures using PROMIS-29 and PHQ-2. Pearson’s Chi-squared tests and independent two-sample t-tests were performed to test for association between time to mAb infusion and outcomes at follow-up. A Poisson regression model was used to analyze whether time to mAb infusion predicts risk of developing PCC.
Results: Participants (N=411) were 53% female, ranged in age from 16 to 92 years (mean 50), and a majority (56%) were Latino/Hispanic. Cross-sectional findings revealed a high symptom burden at baseline (70% of patients had cough, 50% had fever, and 44% had headache). The prevalence of many symptoms decreased substantially by the final follow-up survey (29% of patients had cough, 3% had fever, and 28% had headache). Longitudinal findings indicated that 10 symptoms decreased in prevalence from baseline to final follow-up, 2 remained the same, and 14 increased. The severity of symptoms and most patient-reported physical and mental health measure scores decreased over time. The prevalence of PCC was 69% when PCC was defined as ≥1 symptom at final follow-up. Time to mAb infusion was not significantly associated with any outcome at follow-up. Time to infusion was not associated with PCC status at final follow-up in the crude or adjusted Poisson regression models.
Conclusions: The prevalence of PCC was high among this patient population following COVID-19 mAb treatment. Time to mAb infusion did not predict the development of PCC. Further research in these areas is essential to answer urgent clinical questions about effective treatments of COVID-19.
The Elderly’s Organs are Ready for Functional Rejuvenation
Authors: Kim Young Hwa , Lee Young-Kyoung , Park Soon Sang , Park So Hyun , Lee Young-Sam , Lee Wonhee , Jang Juhee , Seo Daeha , Kang Hee Young , Lim Su Bin , Yoon Gyesoon , Kim Hong Seok , Kim Jang-Hee , Park Tae Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The biological process of aging is thought to result in part from accumulation of senescent cells in organs. However, the present study identified that the numbers of full-senescent cells were not increased in normal elderly tissue. Instead, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells that were neither proliferative nor fully senescent were prevalent in tissues of the elderly, which we termed “mid-old” cells. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (IL1β, SAA1) and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (SLIT2, CXCL12) were detected in mid-old cells. In the stroma, SAA1 promotes development of the inflammatory microenvironment via upregulation of MMP9, which decreases the stability of epithelial cells present on the basement membrane, decreasing epithelial cell function. Strikingly, the microenvironmental change and the functional decline of mid-old cells could be rejuvenated by a young cell-originated protein, SLIT2. We provided the functional reverse of mid-old cells rather than elimination of senescent cells as a new concept about rejuvenation.
Mechanisms shaping the gypsum stromatolite-like structures in the Llamara Salar
Authors: Criado-Reyes Joaquín , Otálora Fermín , Canals Àngels , Verdugo-Escamilla Cristóbal , García-Ruiz Juan-Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The explanation of the origin of microbialites and specifically stromatolitic structures is a problem of large relevance for decoding past sedimentary environments and deciphering the biogenicity of the oldest plausible remnants of life. We have investigated the morphogenesis of gypsum mushroom-shaped stromatolitic-like structures currently growing into shallow ponds (puquíos) in the Salar de Llamara (Atacama Desert, North Chile). The crystal size, aspect ratio, and orientation distributions of gypsum crystals within the structures have been quantified showing the existence of episodic nucleation and competitive growth of millimetric to centimetric selenite crystals into a radial, branched, loosely cemented aggregate. The morphogenetical process is explained by the existence of a vertical salinity stable gradient in the ponds. Due to the nonlinear dependency of gypsum solubility as a function of sodium chloride concentration, the density gradient produces undersaturated solutions dissolving gypsum crystals depth, narrowing the lower part of the structures, and producing their mushroom morphology. This novel mechanism is tested experimentally, showing the effective dissolution of gypsum crystals in stratified ponds, thus providing a purely abiotic mechanism for these stromatolitic-like structures.
Relationship among low baseline muscle mass, skeletal muscle quality and mortality in critically ill children
Authors: Xue Yang , Wang Tian-Tian , Zhang Lei , Zheng Shuang , Mu Yue-Ming , Jia Fei-Yong , Du Lin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Adult studies have shown that low baseline muscle mass at ICU admission was associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, no information on the relationship between baseline muscle quality or mass and clinical outcomes in critically ill children was found. In this investigation, the aim was to ascertain the correlation among baseline muscle mass, muscle quality and clinical outcomes in severely ill children.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. A total of 3775 children were admitted to the PICU of the First Hospital of Jilin University in China during the research period from January 2019 to July 2021, of which 262 patients were eligible for inclusion. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed before or within 72 hours of admission to the PICU to assess skeletal muscle mass and quality
Results:. BMI was greater in the normal SMI group than in the low SMI group (P=0.004), the length of PICU stay (P=0.02) was longer in the low SMI group than in the normal SMI group, and the in-PICU mortality rate (P=0.025) in the normal SMI group was superior tothat in the low SMI group. Children with low SMD had a higher in-PICU mortality rate, were younger and weighed less. Mortality was substantially greater in patients with lower SMD and prolonged hospital stay (log-rank, P=0.007). SMD was an independent predictor for length of PICU stay and in-PICU mortality.
Conclusions: Low baseline skeletal muscle quality in severely ill children is closely tied with a higher in-PICU mortality rate and longer length of PICU stay, and is an independent risk factor for unfavorable clinical outcomes. However, muscle mass did not show a similar strong association. Therefore, baseline muscle quality in severely ill children need more attention to avoid poor prognosis.
Trial registration: ChiCTR1800020196 (19/12/2018).
Statistics of simultaneous macroscopic detection of electrons at both slits of a double-slit experiment
Authors: Ramakrishna Satish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the standard double-slit experiment, the interaction between the electron and a detector at either of the slits is supposed to be local. However, one never notices a situation where the electron is detected at both slits simultaneously in the frame of the observer. This is usually explained by the statement that there is only one electron that is being located and it obviously cannot actually be located in two places at the same time in the observer's frame of reference. However, this is a global constraint, which is hard to understand when the interaction between the electron and a measurement device at a particular slit is completely local - how would the measuring device realize that there was only one electron that was to be detected? It would be useful to deduce this from purely local interactions at each slit, even with detectors at each slit, without having to adduce assumptions about long-range correlations between (potentially) space-like separated events. In this paper, we start with a Hamiltonian that was studied in a previous paper on the measurement problem, with a local interaction between the electron and a detector - here we assume that there is a detector at each slit. We study this problem numerically and also make a theoretical argument that the detection problem is exactly the same as that of the problem of equilibration of a macroscopic number of coupled harmonic oscillators. At each detector, as the measurement happens, the amplitude for each of the states of the measuring apparata relaxes to an equilibrium configuration akin to the equilibration of a thermodynamic system. The problem of the detection of the electron at each slit is then mapped to the motion of a random walker in a line with reflecting barriers at both ends, where the ends are separated by a macroscopic number of steps. This connection to a well-studied mathematical problem has a well-understood consequence - two (or a finite number of) random walkers in this space will be expected to be separated by a macroscopic number of steps. Hence, only one of the detectors will see a macroscopic number of its detection degrees of freedom affected - ergo, only one of the detectors, selected completely at random, will "see" the electron. For a large, macroscopic, though finite-sized measurement device, there will be a vanishingly small chance of detecting the electron simultaneously at both slits. Indeed, in the limit of an infinitely massive detector, we will never detect the electron at two places at the same time. This problem also illustrates further that the systematic application of Schrödinger's equation along with a local interaction Hamiltonian that effectively represents the measurement process helps solve some curious issues in the quantum measurement problem.
Population genomics of fall armyworm in Brazil and Argentina revealed by Genotyping-by- Sequencing and implications for pest management
Authors: Ishizuka Tamylin K. , Cordeiro Erick M. G. , Alves-Pereira Alessandro , Batista Carlos E. A. , Murúa María G. , Pinheiro José B. , Sethi Amit , Nagoshi Rodney N. , Foresti Josemar , Zucchi Maria I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a significant pest of many crops in the world and it is native to the Western Hemisphere, where the species has shown the ability to rapidly evolve resistance to transgenic plants and insecticides. Despite the importance of this species, there is a gap in the knowledge regarding the migration pattern of FAW in South America. Here, we examined the genetic diversity of FAW populations across a wide agricultural area of Brazil and three locations from Argentina using a Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) approach. We also characterized samples by their host strain based on mitochondrial and Z-linked genetic markers. The GBS methodology enabled us to discover 3309 SNPs, including neutral and outlier markers. The 37 mitochondrial haplotypes did not reveal clusters based on geography, whereas GBS data revealed significant genetic structure between Brazil and Argentina, and also among the Argentinian ecoregions. Populations inside Brazil showed little genetic differentiation indicating high gene flow among locations and confirming that structure is related to the presence of corn and rice strains. Outlier analysis indicated 456 loci putatively under selection, including genes possibly related to resistance evolution. This study provides clarification of the population genetic structure of FAW in South America and highlights the importance of genomic research to understand the risks of spread of resistance genes.
The development and validation of a nomogram and calculator for survival among men treated with abiraterone acetate and/or enzalutamide for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Saigusa Yusuke , Yoneyama Shuko , Kato Masashi , Kojima Ippei , Yamada Hiroshi , Kamihira Osamu , Tabata Kenichi , Tsumura Hideyasu , Iwamura Masatsugu , Makiyama Kazuhide , uemura Hiroji , Miyoshi Yasuhide 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
With widespread medication choices for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is now available, on the other hand biomarker to predict the efficacy of each mCRPC treatment has not been established. This study developed prognostic nomogram and calculator to predict prognosis in mCRPC patients who received abiraterone acetate (ABI) and/or enzalutamide (ENZ).
Methods
A total of 568 mCRPC patients received ABI and/or ENZ from 2012 to 2017 were enrolled in this study. We developed prognostic nomogram based on the risk factors by Cox proportional hazards regression model. The nomogram was also assessed for discriminatory ability with the concordance index (C-index). We repeated 5-fold cross-validation 2000 times to estimate the C-index and reported the means of the estimated C-index for the training and validation sets. And we also developed nomogram calculator based on this nomogram.
Results
The median overall survival (OS) was 24.7 months. A multivariable analysis showed that the time to CRPC, pre-chemotherapy, baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA), baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were independent risk factors for the OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.521, 1.681, 1.439, 1.827, 12,123, p:0.001, 0.001, <0.001, 0.019, <0.001)). C-index was 0.72 in training cohort and 0.71 in validation cohort.
Conclusion
We developed nomograms and calculator to predict the OS for Japanese mCRPC patients who received ABI and/or ENZ. The advent of mCRPC prognosis prediction calculator will facilitate greater accessibility for clinical use.