bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Single Tooth Replacement in the Esthetic Region Using Immediate Implant Placement: A Case Report
Authors: Rathi Manish , Manohar Balaji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis case report aimed to illustrate the management of single tooth replacement in the esthetic region using immediate implant placement, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary treatment planning and adherence to esthetic principles. A 37‐year‐old female presented with a fractured upper front tooth, necessitating immediate attention to restore esthetic.
Self‐Healing Elastomers and Coatings via Metal Coordination Bonds
Authors: Yang Song‐Ming , Zhou Shuo , Yuan Jin‐Ying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelf‐healing materials can recover the materials from physical damage, and extend the life of equipment. Metal coordination bonds are supramolecular interactions with tunable stability and sensitivity to external stimuli, which are crucial for developing self‐healing materials. Incorporating metal coordination bonds into elastomers and coatings can enable materials to repair damage and enhance material performance. This review details the advance in self‐healing elastomers and coatings. The structural characteristics, mechanical properties, and self‐healing efficacy of these materials are discussed, and a perspective on the challenges and development directions is given.
Electrochemically Mediated Synthesis of Cyanated Heterocycles from α‐amino Esters, Pyridine‐2‐carbaldehydes and NH4SCN as Cyano Group Source
Authors: Grishin Sergei S. , Ustyuzhanin Alexander O. , Vil' Vera A. , Terent'ev. Alexander O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe electrochemically mediated cyanation/annulation process with in situ cyanide ion generation from NH4SCN and multi‐step oxidative construction of CN‐functionalized heterocycles from easily available α‐amino esters and pyridine‐2‐carbaldehydes has been discovered. Depending on the nature of the α‐amino ester, 1‐cyano‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylates, 3‐alkyl‐ and 3‐aryl‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines‐1‐carbonitriles, and the first reported 4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1‐carbonitriles were obtained. The electrosynthesis is carried out in an undivided electrochemical cell under constant current conditions. The success of the discovered electrochemical synthesis is based on the combination of two anodic processes: oxidation of SCN anion to CN anion and oxidation of C−N bonds to C=N bonds during heterocycle construction. Mechanistic studies based on CV measurements, and control experiments confirm the generation of [CN] species from NH4SCN with subsequent addition to an imine formed from α‐amino esters and pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde. Computational analysis suggests that for reactive intermediates from glycine esters, the subsequent 5‐endo‐trig cyclization leading to 1‐cyano‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylates is more favourable and the 6‐exo‐trig cyclization leading to 4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1‐carbonitriles is less favourable. For α‐amino esters with alkyl or aryl substituents, both cyclization pathways are relatively thermodynamically possible. The leading 4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1‐carbonitrile showed high fungicidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi.
Enantioselective Analysis and Separation of Two β‐Blockers via Derivatization Approach
Authors: Vinod  , Sharma Shubham , Pullabhotla Rajasekhar V. S. R. , Mittal Ankit 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnantiomeric analysis of chiral drugs is very significant, as their enantiomers display different pharmacological or toxicological behavior towards living systems. Among these drugs, β‐blockers are available as racemates, where their enantiomers display different pharmacological effects. Herein, we report enantioselective separation of two β‐blockers, namely, atenolol and sotalol, using a derivatization approach. The analytes were derivatized with “(S)‐1‐[1H‐benzo(d)(1,2,3)triazol‐1‐yl]‐2‐[6‐methoxynaphthalen‐2‐yl‐propan‐1‐one]” {(S)‐BTMNP} in a straightforward derivatization step. The resulting diastereomers were separated on a reverse‐phase HPLC C18 column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and TEAP buffer (75:25, v/v, pH = 3.5) and detection at 230 nm. This method achieved successful enantiomer separation for both drugs within 20 min, yielding resolution values greater than 3.8. The detection limits were determined to be 6.4 and 4.6 ng mL−1 for atenolol and sotalol, respectively, which indicated sensitivity and effectiveness of the method for the analysis of two β‐blockers from their dosage formulations.
Total immunoglobulin E levels in induced sputum reflect asthma control status
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Liu Xiaofang , Yao Xiujuan , Hao Yanghe , Zhou Zhuo , Wang Chengshuo , Wang Ming , Zhang Luo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMost patients with severe asthma are sensitized to at least one allergen. Whether local immunoglobulin E (IgE) in induced sputum reflects asthma control status has not been investigated.MethodsPatients with asthma were classified as well controlled, partly controlled, and uncontrolled asthma (UCA) according to Global Initiative for Asthma 2022 guidelines. Lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were evaluated. Induced sputum was collected and total IgE and Phadiatop (IgE to common inhalant allergens) measurements were performed. General clinical characteristics and pulmonary inflammation indicators were analyzed between the three groups of asthmatic patients. Univariate and multifactor ordinal logistic regression were used to model the relationship between pulmonary inflammation indicators and asthma control status. The ability of sputum total IgE in identifying different levels of asthma control was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).ResultsPatients with UCA had worse lung function and airway inflammation as indicated by lower levels of forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1)%pred, FEV1/FVC, MEF75%pred, MEF50%pred and MEF25%pred, and higher levels of FeNO and sputum eosinophil% compared with the WCA group. In addition, higher levels of total sputum IgE and Phadiatop were found in patients with UCA than in patients with WCA and PCA. Univariate and multifactor ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that sputum total IgE was the unique significant risk factor for poor asthma control (adjusted odds ratio = 6.25; 95% CI, 1.07–36.55; p < 0.05) among pulmonary inflammation indicators including different indices of pulmonary function test, sputum IgE and FeNO. Sputum total IgE levels showed a significant correlation with asthma control scores (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). Moreover, ROC analysis showed that the predictive value of sputum total IgE for patients with UCA was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74–0.9).ConclusionSputum total IgE reflects levels of asthma control, and can be used as an indicator of UCA.
Meta‐Heuristic Aided Multi‐Agent‐Based Method for QoS Improvement in SDN‐Smart Grids
Authors: Keramati Marjan , Mozayani Nasser 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSmart grid networks as the next generation of distributed grid systems demand diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In the case of time‐critical services, going beyond the delay threshold leads to the malfunction of the entire network. Software‐defined Networking (SDN) is supposed to improve the QoS of smart grids. But, issues such as traffic prioritization require traffic management policies, which are not provided in software‐defined networks. Accordingly, in this paper, in order to prevent blackout and burnout in smart grid networks, a mechanism is introduced for QoS amendment in Software‐defined‐enabled Smart Grids (SDN‐SG). Providing the QoS‐aware dynamic controllers' load‐balancing mechanism in SDN‐SG is one primary innovation of this paper. Because it reduces the packet loss rate for time‐critical services. The idea is equivalent to the dynamic QoS‐aware controller placement in an sdn‐enabled network, which is an NP‐hard problem. Another novelty of this paper is ameliorating such an NP‐hard complexity and diminishing the overhead of controller placement. It is done by multi‐agent negotiations in holonic organization. Such an improvement in computational complexity contributes significantly to the QoS improvement. The superiority of the paper over similar relevant research is demonstrated by numerical analysis in terms of the degree of controllers' load‐balancing, diminishing packet loss rate, improving delay, and reducing the controller placement overhead.
Droplet menisci recognition by deep learning for digital microfluidics applications
Authors: Danesh Negar , Torabinia Matin , Moon Hyejin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the use of deep learning, specifically the U‐Net model, to recognize the menisci of droplets in an electrowetting‐on‐dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidic (DMF) device. Accurate recognition of droplet menisci would enable precise control over the movement of droplets to improve the performance and reliability of an EWOD DMF system. Furthermore, important information such as fluid properties, droplet characteristics, spatial position, dynamic behavior, and reaction kinetics of droplets during DMF manipulation can be understood by recognizing the menisci. Through a convolutional neural network utilizing the U‐Net architecture, precise identification of droplet menisci is achieved. A diverse dataset is prepared and used to train and test the model. As a showcase, details of training and the optimization of hyperparameters are described. Experimental validation demonstrated that the trained model achieves a 98% accuracy rate and a 0.92 Dice score, which confirms the model's high performance. After the successful recognition of droplet menisci, post‐processing techniques are applied to extract essential information such as the droplet and bubble size and volume. This study shows that the trained U‐Net model is capable of discerning droplet menisci even in the presence of background image interference and low‐quality images. The model can detect not only simple droplets, but also compound droplets of two immiscible liquids, droplets containing gas bubbles, and multiple droplets of varying sizes. Finally, the model is shown to detect satellite droplets as small as 2% of the size of the primary droplet, which are byproducts of droplet splitting.
Effect of preheated air temperature on a liquid ammonia flash spray in a swirl combustor
Authors: Liu Jiawen , Zhang Meng , An Zhenhua , Wang Jinhua , Huang Zuohua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmmonia is a suitable carbon‐free alternative fuel for power equipment. Direct combustion of liquid ammonia has the potential to reduce system costs and heat loss of gas turbine (GT). However, its tendency to flash and the high latent heat of vaporization can lead to combustion deterioration. Previous research suggests that stabilizing a liquid ammonia flame requires swirling and preheated air. So far, the influence mechanism of preheated air on liquid ammonia swirl spray remains inadequately explored. To fill this research gap, this study conducted a large eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the effect of preheated air temperature () on a liquid ammonia flash spray in a swirl combustor. The influence of on the spray morphology and the axial velocity, diameter, and temperature distributions of the droplets were investigated to understand the spray characteristics. Besides, the effects of on the evaporation characteristics, the properties, and the possible ignition performance of the mixture were studied. The results show that with the increase of , the heating capacity of air is enhanced, leading to a greater proportion of droplets reaching flash boiling conditions. This greatly optimizes the evaporation process, resulting in more complete evaporation and significantly smaller volume. The bulk air flow velocity is increased, causing the expansion of the inner recirculation zone (IRZ), and the gaseous temperature and mixture concentration distribution are optimized. In addition, the low gaseous ammonia concentration makes ignition difficulty at = 300 K. The high value ( is the shear stress) and large inner recirculation zone area lead to a larger and a smaller at = 300 K compared to the case of = 500 K.
Synergistic effect in liquid metal heartbeat with high‐efficiency energy conversion
Authors: Wang Shutong , Wang Sicheng , Zhou Binbin , Ren Dongmei , Yu Zhenwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe phenomenon of liquid metal “heartbeat” oscillation presents intriguing applications in microfluidic devices, drug delivery, and miniature robotics. However, achieving high vibrational kinetic energy outputs in these systems remains challenging. In this study, we developed a graphite ring electrode with V‐shaped inner wall that enables wide‐ranging control over the oscillation performance based on droplet size and the height of the V‐shape. The mechanism driving the heartbeat is defined as a dynamic process involving the transformation of the oxide layer. Through electrochemical analysis, we confirmed three distinct states of the heartbeat and introduced a novel model to elucidate the role of the V‐shaped structure in initiating and halting the oscillations. A comprehensive series of experiments explored how various factors, such as droplet volume, voltage, tilt angle, and V‐shape height, affect heartbeat performance, achieving a significant conversion from surface energy to vibrational kinetic energy as high as 4732 J m−2 s−1. The increase in energy output is attributed to the synergistic effect of the V‐shape height and droplet size on the oscillations. These results not only advance our understanding of liquid metal droplet manipulation but also pave the way for designing high‐speed microfluidic pumping systems.
Gene Doping Detection From the Perspective of 3D Genome
Authors: Ren Xinyuan , Shi Yue , Xiao Bo , Su Xianbin , Shi Hui , He Guang , Chen Peijie , Wu Die , Shi Yi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSince the early 20th century, the concept of doping was first introduced. To achieve better athletic performance, chemical substances were used. By the mid‐20th century, it became gradually recognized that the illegal use of doping substances can seriously endangered athletes' health and compromised the fairness of sports competitions. Over the past 30 years, the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) has established corresponding rules and regulations to prohibit athletes from using doping substances or restrict the use of certain drugs, and isotope, chromatography, and mass spectrometry techniques were accredited to detect doping substances. With the development of gene editing technology, many genetic diseases have been effectively treated, but enabled by the same technology, doping has also the potential to pose a threat to sports in the form of gene doping. WADA has explicitly indicated gene doping in the Prohibited List as a prohibited method (M3) and approved qPCR detection. However, gene doping can easily evade detection, if the target genes' upstream regulatory elements are considered, the task became more challenging. Hi‐C experiment driven 3D genome technology, through perspectives such as topologically associating domain (TAD) and chromatin loop, provides a more comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of gene regulation and expression, thereby better preventing the potential use of 3D genome level gene doping. In this work, we will explore gene doping from a different perspective by analyzing recent studies on gene doping and explore related genes under 3D genome.
Hotspots, trends, and regional focus on oil or gas exploration: A bibliometric comparative study
Authors: Wang Jihong , Li Zhongkai , Wang Jianguo , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development. This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration, development, and utilization of oil and gas resources, and thus led to spurts in related research. However, the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands. Accordingly, they are not easily captured. This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023. The research hotspots, objects, regional distribution, methods, and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed, and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis. The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared. The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade, with China ranking the top in terms of publications. Given the continuously evolving global energy demand, exploration of unconventional oil and gas, application of digital technology, deep and emerging regional resource exploration, and environmentally friendly and low‐carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.
Who Is Queer Enough for Queer Research?: The Issue of Absence Within Queer Research
Authors: Drabent Dominik , Wenzel Maya 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough the inclusion of queer people in research—as well as the application of queer research methods and methodologies that some call queer research—has been on the rise, too often, certain voices are not heard. Not all groups of people who fall under the umbrella term of “queer” are included in queer research. By looking at the examples of asexuality and queer Muslims in this paper, we offer some insights on how people in these groups are often absent in queer research and how cis‐heteronormativity alongside compulsory sexuality, allonormativity, homonationalism and homocapitalism operates within queer communities and queer research, with exclusion often being the result. Through the utilization of intersectional feminism, transnational feminism, and queer of color critique as our methodological approach, we show how these experiences stand exemplary for the absence of some queer communities from queer research. Furthermore, such a methodological approach can assist us to understand the role of cis‐heteronormativity in queer research and what we can do to become more inclusive when undertaking queer research projects.
Modern Methods for Conjugated Polymers Preparation: A Concept of Transition Metal‐Free Synthesis
Authors: Kotnik Tomaž , Kovačič Sebastijan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCross‐coupling technology is still the cornerstone of conjugated polymer synthesis. However, most cross‐coupling reactions rely on platinum group metals (e. g. rhodium, palladium, iridium and platinum), and the supply of these rare and expensive metal catalysts is at risk, making the use of these reactions unsustainable. In addition, the contamination of conjugated polymers with trace metallic catalysts is another concern, especially for organic electronics where the products are used in devices whose performance can be affected by even ′undetectable’ levels of metal contaminant. In pursuit of more sustainable chemistry in the future, various organic reactions have been utilized for the synthesis of conjugated polymers without the aid of transition‐metal catalysts. Presented herein is a comprehensive overview of organic reactions for the synthesis of conjugated polymers that go beyond transition metal‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions. We discuss metal‐free synthesis strategies and methods in detail and divide them into “condensation” reactions, “click” reactions and other miscellaneous reactions. Reaction mechanisms and key intermediates are also elucidated. The aim is to provide researchers and practitioners with valuable insights that will enable them to innovate and expand the horizons of conjugated polymer synthesis.
Photoinduced, Decarboxylative Coupling of α‐Keto Acids with Diselenides to Form Selenoesters
Authors: Qu Pei , Wang Haifan , Chen Ying , Pajujantaro Kanta , Liu Gong‐Qing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA mild and green strategy for the synthesis of selenoester derivatives has been developed through photoinduced decarboxylative coupling of α‐keto acids with diselenides. This transformation proceeds smoothly without requiring any external photocatalyst, additive, or oxidant. Both diaryl and dialkyl diselenides react efficiently with α‐keto acids to produce selenoesters in good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the generated acyl radical is responsible for this transformation.
A Finite Element Model of Transient Galvanic Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Tang Jieshun , Gao Mingyang , Wang Haitao , Xu Daokui , Guo Shu , Han En‐Hou 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe environment in which aircraft are used is very complex, and factors such as high salinity, high humidity atmospheric conditions and mechanical loads applied to the aircraft during flight can lead to damage to the fuselage materials and compromise the safety of the aircraft. A large number of mechanical structural components in aircraft consist of aluminium alloys, which are susceptible to mechanical loads that erode mechanical properties and endanger the integrity of the aircraft. A time‐dependent numerical model is developed in this study. The model provides insight into the complex effects of mechanical loading on the kinetics of galvanic coupling corrosion of AA7075 (aluminium alloy). Our results clearly show that mechanical loading accelerates galvanic corrosion, and the galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys is significantly accelerated when loading induces plastic deformation; changes in the thickness of the thin liquid film affect the galvanic corrosion of the galvanic coupling model, which is suppressed when the film thickness is increased, and, in general, exhibits a stronger tendency to corrode homogeneously; the galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys is significantly accelerated as the area of cathode increases; the simulation also reveals a higher localisation rate of the model when the boundary load is applied compared to the no‐load case in the galvanic coupling corrosion behaviour. The numerical methodology illustrated in this study not only serves as a comprehensive tool for interpreting the intricate relationship between mechanical loading and corrosion behaviour, but also provides a framework for a deeper understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. In practical applications, the model developed in this study can be used to check the safety of aluminium alloy structural components in service, which can be used as a reference for the design of aircraft wing skins.