bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward fast theta‐join: A prefiltering and amalgamated partitioning approach
Authors: Wu Jiashu , Wang Yang , Fan Xiaopeng , Ye Kejiang , Xu Chengzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs one of the most useful online processing techniques, the theta‐join operation has been utilized by many applications to fully excavate the relationships between data streams in various scenarios. As such, constant research efforts have been put to optimize its performance in the distributed environment, which is typically characterized by reducing the number of Cartesian products as much as possible. In this article, we design and implement a novel fast theta‐join algorithm, calledPrefap, by developing two distinct techniques—prefilteringandamalgamated partitioning—based on the state‐of‐the‐art FastThetaJoin algorithm to optimize the efficiency of the theta‐join operation. Firstly, we develop a prefiltering strategy before data streams are partitioned to reduce the amount of data to be involved and benefit a more fine‐grained partitioning. Secondly, to avoid the data streams being partitioned in a coarse‐grained isolated manner and improve the quality of the partition‐level filtering, we introduce an amalgamated partitioning mechanism that can amalgamate the partitioning boundaries of two data streams to assist a fine‐grained partitioning. With the integration of these two techniques into the existing FastThetaJoin algorithm, we design and implement a new framework to achieve a decreased number of Cartesian products and a higher theta‐join efficiency. By comparing with existing algorithms, FastThetaJoin in particular, we evaluate the performance ofPrefapon both synthetic and real data streams from two‐way to multiway theta‐join to demonstrate its superiority.
(k, m, t)‐anonymity: Enhanced privacy for transactional data
Authors: Puri Vartika , Kaur Parmeet , Sachdeva Shelly 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the wide availability of an array of transactional datasets for mining and other research activities. A primary concern related to the public sharing of transactional datasets is identifying individuals whose data is being published. Data anonymization is a commonly utilized privacy preservation method for preventing user identification. However, the existing anonymization models such as ‐anonymity, ‐uncertainty, and (h, k, p)‐coherence for privacy preservation of transactional data do not provide complete protection from the various types of possible privacy attacks. Therefore, this article proposes a novel privacy model called (k, m, t)‐anonymity to effectively prevent identity and attribute disclosure as well as skewness attack on transactional data. A genetic algorithm‐based implementation of the model is also presented. The genetic algorithm clusters transactional data based on the similarity among the transactions for effective ‐anonymization with low information loss. The clustering algorithm simultaneously aims to minimize the skewness of data distribution in the obtained clusters for preventing skewness attack on anonymized data. Experimental results have verified that the (k, m, t)‐anonymity model ensures transactional data anonymization without significant information loss. The proposed privacy model is implemented using the proposed approach on two real‐world datasets (health domain and click‐stream data) and an enormous dataset generated synthetically (health domain consisting of 5,00,000 records). The relative error is less as compared to the relative privacy and disassociation technique for all test case scenarios. Hence, the proposed anonymization model maintains the data utility.
Distinct regulatory states control the elongation of individual skeletal rods in the sea urchin embryo
Authors: Tarsis Kristina , Gildor Tsvia , Morgulis Miri , Ben‐Tabou de‐Leon Smadar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how gene regulatory networks (GRNs) control developmental progression is a key to the mechanistic understanding of morphogenesis. The sea urchin larval skeletogenesis provides an excellent platform to tackle this question. In the early stages of sea urchin skeletogenesis, skeletogenic genes are uniformly expressed in the skeletogenic lineage. Yet, during skeletal elongation, skeletogenic genes are expressed in distinct spatial sub‐domains. The regulation of differential gene expression during late skeletogenesis is not well understood.ResultsHere we reveal the dynamic expression of the skeletogenic regulatory genes that define a specific regulatory state for each pair of skeletal rods, in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, essential for skeleton formation, specifically controls the migration of cells that form the postoral and distal anterolateral skeletogenic rods. VEGF signaling also controls the expression of regulatory genes in cells at the tips of the postoral rods, including the transcription factors Pitx1 and MyoD1. Pitx1 activity is required for normal skeletal elongation and for the expression of some of VEGF target genes.ConclusionsOur study illuminates the fine‐tuning of the regulatory system during the transition from early to late skeletogenesis that gives rise to rod‐specific regulatory states.
Vegetation zones as indicators of denitrification potential in salt marshes
Authors: Ooi Sean Khan , Barry Aidan , Lawrence Beth A. , Elphick Chris S. , Helton Ashley M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSalt marsh vegetation zones shift in response to large‐scale environmental changes such as sea‐level rise (SLR) and restoration activities, but it is unclear if they are good indicators of soil nitrogen removal. Our goal was to characterize the relationship between denitrification potential and salt marsh vegetation zones in tidally restored and tidally unrestricted coastal marshes, and to use vegetation zones to extrapolate how SLR may influence high marsh denitrification at the landscape scale. We conducted denitrification enzyme activity assays on sediment collected from three vegetation zones expected to shift in distribution due to SLR and tidal flow restoration across 20 salt marshes in Connecticut, USA (n = 60 sampling plots) during the summer of 2017. We found lower denitrification potential in short‐formSpartina alterniflorazones (mean, 95% CI: 4, 3–6 mg N h−1 m−2) than inS. patens(25, 15–36 mg N h−1 m−2) andPhragmites australis(56, 16–96 mg N h−1 m−2) zones. Vegetation zone was the single best predictor and explained 52% of the variation in denitrification potential; incorporating restoration status and soil characteristics (soil salinity, moisture, and ammonium) did not improve model fit. Because denitrification potential did not differ between tidally restored and unrestricted marshes, we suggest landscape‐scale changes in denitrification after tidal restoration are likely to be associated with shifts in vegetation, rather than differences driven by restoration status. Sea‐level‐rise‐induced hydrologic changes are widely observed to shift high marsh dominated byS. patensto short‐formS. alterniflora. To explore the implications of this shift in dominant high marsh vegetation, we paired our measured mean denitrification potential rates with projections of high marsh loss from SLR. We found that, under low and medium SLR scenarios, predicted losses of denitrification potential due to replacement ofS. patensby short‐formS. alterniflorawere substantially larger than losses due to reduced high marsh land area alone. Our results suggest that changes in vegetation zones can serve as landscape‐scale predictors of the response of denitrification rates to rapid changes occurring in salt marshes.
Pollinator richness, pollination networks, and diet adjustment along local and landscape gradients of resource diversity
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez Carmelo , González‐Estévez Miguel A. , Cursach Joana , Lázaro Amparo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoss of habitats and native species, introduction of invasive species, and changing climate regimes lead to the homogenization of landscapes and communities, affecting the availability of habitats and resources for economically important guilds, such as pollinators. Understanding how pollinators and their interactions vary along resource diversity gradients at different scales may help to determine their adaptability to the current diversity loss related to global change. We used data on 20 plant–pollinator communities along gradients of flower richness (local diversity) and landscape heterogeneity (landscape diversity) to understand how the diversity of resources at local and landscape scales affected (1) wild pollinator abundance and richness (accounting also for honey bee abundance), (2) the structure of plant–pollinator networks, (3) the proportion of actively selected interactions (those not occurring by neutral processes), and (4) pollinator diet breadth and species' specialization in networks. Wild pollinator abundance was higher overall in flower‐rich and heterogeneous habitats, while wild pollinator richness increased with flower richness (more strongly for beetles and wild bees) and decreased with honeybee abundance. Network specialization (H2′), modularity, and functional complementarity were all positively related to floral richness and landscape heterogeneity, indicating niche segregation as the diversity of resources increases at both scales. Flower richness also increased the proportion of actively selected interactions (especially for wild bees and flies), whereas landscape heterogeneity had a weak negative effect on this variable. Overall, network‐level metrics responded to larger landscape scales than pollinator‐level metrics did. Higher floral richness resulted in a wider taxonomic and functional diet for all the study guilds, while functional diet increased mainly for beetles. Despite this, specialization in networks (d′) increased with flower richness for all the study guilds, because pollinator species fed on a narrower subset of plants as communities became richer in species. Our study indicates that pollinators are able to adapt their diet to resource changes at local and landscape scales. However, resource homogenization might lead to poor and generalist pollinator communities, where functionally specialized interactions are lost. This study highlights the importance of including different scales to understand the effects of global change on pollination service through changes in resource diversity.
Life and death in a dynamic environment: Invasive trout, floods, and intraspecific drivers of translocated populations
Authors: Healy Brian D. , Budy Phaedra , Conner Mary M. , Omana Smith Emily C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the relative strengths of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating populations is a long‐standing focus of ecology and critical to advancing conservation programs for imperiled species. Conservation could benefit from an increased understanding of factors influencing vital rates (somatic growth, recruitment, survival) in small, translocated populations, which is lacking owing to difficulties in long‐term monitoring of rare species. Translocations, here defined as the transfer of wild‐captured individuals from source populations to new habitats, are widely used for species conservation, but outcomes are often minimally monitored, and translocations that are monitored often fail. To improve our understanding of how translocated populations respond to environmental variation, we developed and tested hypotheses related to intrinsic (density dependent) and extrinsic (introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, stream flow and temperature regime) causes of vital rate variation in endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) populations translocated to Colorado River tributaries in the Grand Canyon (GC), USA. Using biannual recapture data from translocated populations over 10 years, we tested hypotheses related to seasonal somatic growth, and recruitment and population growth rates with linear mixed‐effects models and temporal symmetry mark–recapture models. We combined data from recaptures and resights of dispersed fish (both physical captures and continuously recorded antenna detections) from throughout GC to test survival hypotheses, while accounting for site fidelity, using joint live‐recapture/live‐resight models. While recruitment only occurred in one site, which also drove population growth (relative to survival), evidence supported hypotheses related to density dependence in growth, survival, and recruitment, and somatic growth and recruitment were further limited by introduced trout. Mixed‐effects models explained between 67% and 86% of the variation in somatic growth, which showed increased growth rates with greater flood‐pulse frequency during monsoon season. Monthly survival was 0.56–0.99 and 0.80–0.99 in the two populations, with lower survival during periods of higher intraspecific abundance and low flood frequency. Our results suggest translocations can contribute toward the recovery of large‐river fishes, but continued suppression of invasive fishes to enhance recruitment may be required to ensure population resilience. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of flooding to population demographics in food‐depauperate, dynamic, invaded systems.
Drivers of Acacia and Eucalyptus growth rate differ in strength and direction in restoration plantings across Australia
Authors: Staples Timothy L. , Mayfield Margaret M. , England Jacqueline R. , Dwyer John M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFunctional traits are proxies for a species' ecology and physiology and are often correlated with plant vital rates. As such they have the potential to guide species selection for restoration projects. However, predictive trait‐based models often only explain a small proportion of plant performance, suggesting that commonly measured traits do not capture all important ecological differences between species. Some residual variation in vital rates may be evolutionarily conserved and captured using taxonomic groupings alongside common functional traits. We tested this hypothesis using growth rate data for 17,299 trees and shrubs from 80 species of Eucalyptus and 43 species of Acacia, two hyper‐diverse and co‐occurring genera, collected from 497 neighborhood plots in 137 Australian mixed‐species revegetation plantings. We modeled relative growth rates of individual plants as a function of environmental conditions, species‐mean functional traits, and neighbor density and diversity, across a moisture availability gradient. We then assessed whether the strength and direction of these relationships differed between the two genera. We found that the inclusion of genus‐specific relationships offered a significant but modest improvement to model fit (1.6%–1.7% greater R2 than simpler models). More importantly, almost all correlates of growth rate differed between Eucalyptus and Acacia in strength, direction, or how they changed along the moisture gradient. These differences mapped onto physiological differences between the genera that were not captured solely by measured functional traits. Our findings suggest taxonomic groupings can capture or mediate variation in plant performance missed by common functional traits. The inclusion of taxonomy can provide a more nuanced understanding of how functional traits interact with abiotic and biotic conditions to drive plant performance, which may be important for constructing trait‐based frameworks to improve restoration outcomes.
Himalayan musk deer (Moshcus leucogaster) behavior at latrine sites and their implications in conservation
Authors: Singh Paras Bikram , Saud Pradip , Jiang Zhigang , Zhou Zhixin , Hu Yiming , Hu Huijian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElusive species often use latrines which also serves as communication and information hubs. Thus, studying behavior at latrines may provide critical insights into the species’ ecology and behavior. While it is established that musk deer use latrines for defecating, very little is known about the endangered Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) and their latrines. We examined musk deer behavior from the various video clips lasting 238 min altogether, captured at latrine sites during both breeding and non‐breeding seasons in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal. A total of 428 visits by musk deer and 479 behavioral events by them were captured. We constructed an ethogram to describe musk deer behavior and compared behavior across individuals and sex using parametric and non‐parametric tests. We found that musk deer are crepuscular and nocturnal animals. Both male and female musk deer repeatedly and independently visited shared latrine sites as well as exclusively used latrine sites. The proportion of male musk deer visited latrine sites were significantly higher than that of female musk deer. Hence, male musk deer were found more active (>2 times) than females during both seasons. The most frequently observed behavioral activities at the latrine sites were defecating, sniffing and browsing, followed by scrapping and covering, and ignoring the latrine sites. The defecating and sniffing activity were performed throughout breeding and non‐breeding seasons to establish communication among peers and to claim territory. Based on the behaviors observed at the latrine sites, we can presume that Himalayan musk deer likely use latrines to convey various messages, including personality, maturity, sexual status, and territory marking among conspecifics. These findings of this study can be used for the conservation of musk deer in its natural habitat and replicated in captivity to enhance breeding performance that improves long‐term conservation prospects for this species.
Everybody should contribute, but not too much: Perceptions of local governments on citizen responsibilisation in climate change adaptation in the Netherlands
Authors: Uittenbroek Caroline J. , Mees Heleen L. P. , Hegger Dries L. T. , Driessen Peter P.J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArguments for so‐called citizen responsibilisation, the transfer of responsibilities for public services to citizens, are increasingly put forward in several Western‐European countries. An important domain in which citizen responsibilisation is advocated is that of urban climate change adaptation. However, in practice, the advocated shift is taking place only to a limited extent. This study aims to help explain this by researching Dutch local governments' perceptions on citizens' capabilities as well as these governments' preferences regarding the tasks they want to delegate to citizens in the different stages of adaptation planning. Findings from three workshops with policy practitioners from local governments show that these practitioners have moderate trust in citizens' capabilities, but a low willingness to transfer responsibilities. Concerns of local governments include how to: (i) ensure an equal division of resources between different citizen groups/neighbourhoods; (ii) address citizens who are pursuing their own benefits more than producing a public adaptation good; (iii) address potential externalities for other citizens; (iv) guarantee a certain quality level for the public space. The study shows that local governments have an implicit awareness of different dimensions of responsibility and the tensions between them, including at least: responsibility as a task, as a legal duty, and as something for which one can be held accountable. We recommend a more explicit discussion of these dimensions in practice and a more systematic treatment of them in conceptual and in empirical studies.
Transient traffic energy‐use analysis employing video‐tracking and microscopic modeling techniques: A case study using electric and combustion engine vehicles
Authors: Hernández‐Moreno Adolfo , Diego‐Ayala Ulises , Jazcilevich Aron , Hernández‐Paniagua Iván Y. , Zavala‐Reyes Juan C. , Suárez Antonio , Rosas‐Pérez Irma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA system to obtain vehicular energy‐use and emissions in transient traffic is proposed. It operates at a microscopic 1‐s time scale, capturing critical stop‐and‐go dynamics in a controlled and repeatable computational environment. This allowed the definition of a sensitivity function linking energy‐use to traffic flow, providing an additional comparison parameter. To obtain the dynamics data, crucial for transient traffic modeling implementation and validation, a video‐tracking technique is used to overcome velocimeter and GPS data shortcomings. This approach allowed to observe and reproduce a traffic scene and agreed with a M/D/n queuing traffic model. Once the system contains precise dynamics, it can be implemented for traffic scenarios such as intersections, school areas, or future road projects. Any simulated vehicular technology can be incorporated into the analysis. A case study was implemented using 1000 electric (EV) and combustion engine vehicles (CV) interacting with trucks, buses, and motorcycles, while monitoring individual vehicular systems. These included the powertrain and regenerative braking to obtain energy‐use and emissions. EVs proved to be not only more efficient, but less sensitive to traffic buildup than CVs. The techniques presented here, lend themselves to technological design and evaluation and allows testing real‐life vehicular systems for sustainable traffic and energy planning.
Surrogate modeling and optimization for the unequal diameter radial diffuser of stratified thermal energy storage tanks
Authors: Li Yawei , Deng Yajun , Niu Mingyu , Sun Dongliang , Yu Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStratified thermal energy storage (TES) tanks are widely used in thermal power plants to enhance the electric power peak load shifting capability and integrate high renewable energy shares. In this study, a data‐driven surrogate modeling and optimization study of the unequal diameter radial diffuser previously proposed by the present authors is conducted. First, based on the orthogonal experimental design, numerical experiments are performed to generate the performance database. Then, the database is used to establish the data‐driven surrogate model via the support vector machine. Subsequently, the single‐objective optimization and multiobjective optimization of an unequal diameter radial diffuser are conducted using the genetic algorithm. For the single‐objective optimization, the optimal thermocline thickness is 0.829 m when the diameter ratio of the long baffle and the tank is 0.426, the diameter ratio of the short baffle and the long baffle is 0.823, and the distance between the two baffles is 228.51 mm. For multiobjective optimization, the obtained Pareto optimal solutions are obtained. Under the premise of maintaining excellent thermal stratification, the selected Point C can reduce the steel cost by 88.1%. The research results are helpful for designing efficient and economical unequal diameter radial diffusers for TES tanks.