bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custom‐made design of metabolite composition in N. benthamiana leaves using CRISPR activators
Authors: Selma Sara , Sanmartín Neus , Espinosa‐Ruiz Ana , Gianoglio Silvia , Lopez‐Gresa Maria Pilar , Vázquez‐Vilar Marta , Flors Victor , Granell Antonio , Orzaez Diego 
Published: May 2022

SummaryTranscriptional regulators based on CRISPR architecture expand our ability to reprogramme endogenous gene expression in plants. One of their potential applications is the customization of plant metabolome through the activation of selected enzymes in a given metabolic pathway. Using the previously described multiplexable CRISPR activator dCasEV2.1, we assayed the selective enrichment in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves of four different flavonoids, namely, naringenin, eriodictyol, kaempferol, and quercetin. After careful selection of target genes and guide RNAs combinations, we created successful activation programmes for each of the four metabolites, each programme activating between three and seven genes, and with individual gene activation levels ranging from 4‐ to 1500‐fold. Metabolic analysis of the flavonoid profiles of each multigene activation programme showed a sharp and selective enrichment of the intended metabolites and their glycosylated derivatives. Remarkably, principal component analysis of untargeted metabolic profiles clearly separated samples according to their activation treatment, and hierarchical clustering separated the samples into five groups, corresponding to the expected four highly enriched metabolite groups, plus an un‐activated control. These results demonstrate that dCasEV2.1 is a powerful tool for re‐routing metabolic fluxes towards the accumulation of metabolites of interest, opening the door for the custom‐made design of metabolic contents in plants.
Natural variation of HTH5 from wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff., is involved in conferring high‐temperature tolerance at the heading stage
Authors: Cao Zhibin , Tang Huiwu , Cai Yaohui , Zeng Bohong , Zhao Jialiang , Tang Xiuying , Lu Ming , Wang Huimin , Zhu Xuejing , Wu Xiaofeng , Yuan Linfeng , Wan Jianlin 
Published: May 2022

SummaryGlobal warming is a major abiotic stress factor, which limit rice production. Exploiting the genetic basis of the natural variation in heat resistance at different reproductive stages among diverse exotic Oryza germplasms can help breeding heat‐resistant rice cultivars. Here, we identified a stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heat tolerance at the heading stage on chromosome 5 (qHTH5) in O. rufipogon Griff. The corresponding gene, HTH5, pertains to the pyridoxal phosphate‐binding protein PLPBP (formerly called PROSC) family, which is predicted to encode pyridoxal phosphate homeostasis protein (PLPHP) localized to the mitochondrion. Overexpression of HTH5 increased the seed‐setting rate of rice plants under heat stress at the heading stage, whereas suppression of HTH5 resulted in greater susceptibility to heat stress. Further investigation indicated that HTH5 reduces reactive oxygen species accumulation at high temperatures by increasing the heat‐induced pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate (PLP) content. Moreover, we found that two SNPs located in the HTH5 promoter region are involved with its expression level and associated with heat tolerance diversity. These findings suggest that the novel gene HTH5 might have great potential value for heightening rice tolerance to heat stress to the on‐going threat of global warming.
Eosinophilic cellulitis in response to BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Ikediobi Ogechi , Eichenfield Dawn Z. , Barrio Victoria R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 12‐year‐old boy presented with a 2‐week history of persistent pruritic edematous plaques one day after he received the first dose of the BNT162b2 COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine. A skin biopsy showed urticarial dermatitis with tissue eosinophilia consistent with a diagnosis of vaccine‐associated eosinophilic cellulitis, with polyethylene glycol as a potential trigger.
Moralizing the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Self‐Interest Predicts Moral Condemnation of Other's Compliance, Distancing, and Vaccination
Authors: Bor Alexander , Jørgensen Frederik , Lindholt Marie Fly , Petersen Michael Bang 
Published: May 2022

The emergence of the novel coronavirus has put societies under tremendous pressure to instigate massive and rapid behavior change. Throughout history, an effective strategy to facilitate novel behaviors has been to morally condemn those who do not behave in an appropriate way. Accordingly, here, we investigate if complying with the advice of health authorities—for example, to physically distance or vaccinate—has emerged as a moralized issue during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In Study 1, we rely on data (N = 94K) from quota‐sampled rolling cross‐sectional online surveys from eight countries (Denmark, Sweden, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, the United Kingdom, and the United States). We find that large majorities find it justified to condemn those who do not keep a distance to others in public and around half of respondents blame ordinary citizens for the severity of the pandemic. Furthermore, we identify the most important predictors of condemnation to be behavior change and personal concern, while institutional trust and social distrust also play large but less consistent roles. Study 2 offers a registered replication of our findings on a representative sample of Britons (N = 1.5K). It shows that both moralization and condemnation of both vaccination and general compliance are best predicted by self‐interested considerations.
Facies variability and depositional settings of Laguna Salada de Chiprana, an Iberian hypersaline lake
Authors: Doyle Connor , Schröder Stefan , Corella Juan Pablo , Valero Garces Blas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypersaline lakes are unique depositional environments that are highly sensitive to climatic changes and anthropogenic pressures. Strong physicochemical gradients and the interplay of physical, chemical and biological depositional processes coupled to variable preservation potential associated with these environments generate highly complex sedimentary sequences. This study aimed to investigate spatio‐temporal variations throughout the last three centuries in the sedimentary sequence of Laguna Salada de Chiprana, a small, permanent hypersaline lake situated in Northeast Spain. Short sediment cores reveal a complex sedimentary sequence influenced by detrital, chemically‐induced and biogenically‐influenced depositional processes. Nine facies associated with six sedimentological units represent six periods of environmental change beginning from approximately pre‐1800 ad to the present day. They include: (i) a shallow, permanent saline lake that experienced brief periods of anoxia and drawdown between pre‐1800 ad and ca 1850 ad. This was succeeded by: (ii) increased lake levels and detrital input to the lake from ca 1850 to 1900 ad; and (iii) a fall in lake levels and the establishment of microbial mats within bottom waters fluctuating between oxic and anoxic conditions from ca 1900 to 1950 ad. (iv) From ca 1950/1960 ad, a minor increase in lake levels and colonization of the littoral and sub‐littoral zones by macrophytic vegetation occurred; followed by (v) falling lake levels and increasing salinity between 1960 and 1970 ad leading to widespread encrustation of macrophytes in the littoral zones by carbonate–evaporite precipitates. Finally (vi), from ca 1970 ad to the present day, falling lake levels, elevated salinity and widespread colonization of the lake by microbial mats characterize the sedimentary environment. Climate reconstructions and documentary evidence indicate that depositional evolution was mostly controlled by changes in farming practices and irrigation policies. Understanding Laguna Salada de Chiprana’s depositional evolution contributes to future definitions of high‐resolution palaeoenvironmental models, not only within the Iberian Peninsula but also in other locations where saline–hypersaline lakes act as a key source of palaeoenvironmental information.
Identification of potential plasma protein biomarkers for feline pancreatic carcinoma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nabeta Rina , Katselis George S. , Chumala Paulos , Dickinson Ryan , Fernandez Nicole J. , Meachem Melissa D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn both humans and cats, pancreatic carcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a grave prognosis. Proteomics techniques have successfully identified several blood‐based biomarkers of human pancreatic neoplasia. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether similar biomarkers can be identified in the plasma of cats with FePAC by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). To facilitate evaluation of the low abundance plasma proteome, a human‐based immunodepletion device (MARS‐2) was first validated for use with feline plasma. Marked reduction and/or complete removal of albumin and immunoglobulins was confirmed by analysis of electrophoretograms and mass spectral data. Subsequently, plasma collected from 9 cats with pancreatic carcinoma (FePAC), 10 cats with symptomatic pancreatitis, and 10 healthy control cats was immunodepleted and subjected to LC–MS/MS. Thirty‐seven plasma proteins were found to be differentially expressed (p < .05 in one‐way ANOVA, FC >2 in fold change analysis). Among these proteins, ETS variant transcription factor 4 (p < .05) was overexpressed, while gelsolin (p < .01), tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (p < .05), serpin family F member 1 (p < .01), apolipoprotein A‐IV (p < .01) and phosphatidylinositol‐glycan‐specific phospholipase D (p < .05) were down‐regulated in cats with FePAC. Further studies on these potential biomarkers are needed to investigate their diagnostic value.
Ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in dogs after intravenous injection and delivered with the RxActuator Mini‐Infuser infusion pump
Authors: Papich Mark G. , Madsen Melanie , Messenger Kristen , Enomoto Hiroko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo test the feasibility of an SC mini‐infusion pump to deliver ceftazidime in dogs and produce plasma concentrations sufficient to reach a therapeutic target for 48 hours.SettingUniversity research laboratory.AnimalsSix healthy Beagle dogs.InterventionsCeftazidime was administered by 2 routes to 6 healthy Beagle dogs. The first route was an IV bolus injection into a cephalic vein at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected for 8 hours following injection. The second route was a SC infusion for 48 hours using the RxActuator Mini‐Infuser wearable SC constant rate infusion pump. Blood samples were collected for 58 hours following application of the pump. All plasma samples were analyzed by high‐pressure liquid chromatography and subject to pharmacokinetic analysis.Main ResultsAfter the IV bolus injection, there was rapid distribution and elimination. The elimination half‐life was 0.95 hours, and the clearance was rapid at 0.176 ml/h/kg. After the 48‐hour SC infusion, the half‐life was slightly shorter, and the clearance was higher. The percent bioavailability from the SC infusion was approximately 72%. The SC infusion maintained plasma concentration near our target of 8 μg/ml for most of the dose interval but slightly lower after 24 hours. The concentrations below the target were attributed to slight drug loss, less than 100% bioavailability, and faster clearance from SC administration.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the successful application of the RxActuator Mini‐Infuser wearable SC constant rate infusion pump for delivering an antimicrobial needed for serious, and sometimes resistant, infections in dogs.
Haemoglobin S testing using HEA BeadChip™ technology: Lifeblood comparison with clinical diagnosis
Authors: Wong Philip , Baidya Shoma , Daly James , Powley Tanya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRed cell antigen genotyping is commonly performed on patients requiring chronic transfusion support, such as sickle cell disease and thalassaemia. The Immucor HEA BeadChip™ test, in addition to assessing red cell antigen expression, can also detect the haemoglobin S (HbS) mutation. Our aim was to compare HbS results using HEA BeadChip™ performed at the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood with conventional haemoglobin studies.Materials and MethodsPatients with thalassaemia and sickle cell trait (SCT) or disease (SCD) referred for red cell genotyping between 2017 and 2019 were assessed. The HbS result obtained from HEA BeadChip™ was compared with that obtained from high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) performed by the referring pathology provider.ResultsOne‐hundred and nineteen cases had comparable HPLC and HEA BeadChip™ results. On HEA BeadChip™ testing, 40 cases showed a negative HbS result, 31 cases showed HbS+ and 47 cases showed HbS++. There was one case with ‘low signal’ result. Of the negative HbS cases, there was none with SCT. The HbS+ group comprised a mixture of SCT and SCD due to compound heterozygosity for HbS and β‐thalassaemia mutations. The HbS++ group comprised predominantly SCD due to homozygosity for HbS.ConclusionHEA BeadChip™ is an accurate screening test for the detection of HbS. There were no false positives or false negatives. The identification of donors with the HbS mutation through the targeted genotyping programme would enable early intervention, improved donor management and reduced wastage.
Exertional heat stroke: nutritional considerations
Authors: Lee Jason K. W. , Tan Beverly , Ogden Henry B. , Chapman Shaun , Sawka Michael N. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The potential role of nutrition in exertional heat stroke.

What advances does it highlight?
Certain nutritional and dietary strategies used by athletes and workers may exert a protective effect the pathophysiological processes of exertional heat stroke, whereas others may be detrimental. While current evidence suggests that some of these practices may be leveraged as a potential countermeasure to exertional heat stroke, further research on injury‐related outcomes in humans is required.

AbstractExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life‐threatening illness and an enduring problem among athletes, military servicemen and ‐women, and occupational labourers who regularly perform strenuous activity, often under hot and humid conditions or when wearing personal protective equipment. Risk factors for EHS and mitigation strategies have generally focused on the environment, health status, clothing, heat acclimatization and aerobic conditioning, but the potential role of nutrition is largely underexplored. Various nutritional and dietary strategies have shown beneficial effects on exercise performance and health and are widely used by athletes and other physically active populations. There is also evidence that some of these practices may dampen the pathophysiological features of EHS, suggesting possible protection or abatement of injury severity. Promising candidates include carbohydrate ingestion, appropriate fluid intake and glutamine supplementation. Conversely, some nutritional factors and low energy availability may facilitate the development of EHS, and individuals should be cognizant of these. Therefore, the aims of this review are to present an overview of EHS along with its mechanisms and pathophysiology, discuss how selected nutritional considerations may influence EHS risk focusing on their impact on the key pathophysiological processes of EHS, and provide recommendations for future research. With climate change expected to increase EHS risk and incidence in the coming years, further investigation on how diet and nutrition may be optimized to protect against EHS would be highly beneficial.
A Novel Solar Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration Technique Using Two-Dimensional Generalized Arnold's Cat Map
Authors: Amar Raj Rayappa David , Naik Kanasottu Anil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a highly efficient image encryption-based Arnold's cat map (ACM) technique to reconfigure the photovoltaic (PV) array to enhance the output and mitigate the mismatch losses due to partial shading (PS). The proposed ACM technique concentrates on alleviating the power loss by effectively dispersing the shade over the entire PV array without modifying its electrical circuitry. The proposed reconfiguration technique is investigated and analyzed with conventional series–parallel and total-cross-tied configurations along with the recently reported chaotic Baker's map, odd–even, odd–even–prime pattern-based configurations. The proposed technique is examined for symmetrical 6 × 6 PV array and unsymmetrical 6 × 9 PV array under distinct nonuniform and uniform PS cases. To confirm the potency and superior performance of the proposed technique, the system has been extensively examined with nine performance parameters such as global maximum power, mismatch power, power loss, efficiency, fill factor, array yield, capacity factor, performance ratio, and the number of maximum power peaks. An experimental setup of a 4 × 4 array reconfiguration system prototype is developed and tested in a real-time environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over the existing ones. From the comprehensive investigation, it is regarded that the proposed technique offers consistently superior performance with the least percentage mismatch losses and maximum power enhancement of 48.8%, 31.03%, and 27.5% for various shading cases of 6 × 6 and 6 × 9 PV arrays.
Strontium isotope stratigraphy and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb carbonate age constraints on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea
Authors: Li Gang , Xu Weihai , Luo Yun , Liu Jianguo , Zhao Jianxin , Feng Yuexing , Cheng Jun , Sun Zhen , Xiang Rong , Xu Min , Yan Wen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea is closely associated with multiple subduction-collision processes in Southeast Asia. When the collision of the Dangerous Grounds terrane with Sabah-Palawan Islands terminated is debated due to poor age constraints at the southern margin of South China Sea. A deep well drilled on Meiji Atoll penetrates Cenozoic carbonate strata in central Dangerous Grounds. Robust strontium isotope ages and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dates provide critical chronological constraints on the Cenozoic evolution of the southern South China Sea. A middle Miocene hiatus spanning 9 m.y. on Meiji Atoll is thought to be mainly caused by tectonic uplift in the central Dangerous Grounds. The uplift in the central Dangerous Grounds was accompanied by underthrusting beneath the southern Palawan margin and orogenic uplifting in north Borneo during the middle Miocene. Data interpretation indicates an active collision in the southern South China Sea during the middle Miocene. The regrowth of the Meiji Atoll above the middle Miocene hiatus represents the end of this collision event in the southern South China Sea at ca. 11 Ma, after the cessation of seafloor spreading, which occurred at ca. 15 Ma.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy As an Effective Way of Studying Hydrogen Bonding in a LiCl–H2O–CO2 Ternary Mixture
Authors: Oparin R. D. , Kiselev M. G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The possibility of using near IR spectroscopy to analyze the effect isobaric heating has on hydrogen bonding in an aqueous solution of LiCl in equilibrium with supercritical carbon dioxide (a LiCl–H2O–scCO2 ternary mixture) is demonstrated in a wide range of electrolyte concentrations. It is shown that this approach is highly efficient when studying ion and molecular systems with different types of interparticle interactions. The use of near IR spectroscopy allows distinguishing spectral contributions from hydrogen bonded n-mers of bulk water and water molecules in the solvation shells of ions or in ion–water chains like those formed in solutions with extremely high electrolyte concentrations that do not contain bulk water. It is shown for the studied ternary mixture that raising the concentration of electrolyte completely neutralizes the destructive effect of carbon dioxide on the formation of a hydrogen bonded structure of water. The latter is stabilized under the influence of an ion field, which also substantially weakens the temperature effect.
Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy and review of the literature
Authors: Patel Ekta , Zill-E-Huma Rabia , Demertzidou Eleftheria 
Published: May 2022

Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhage (SAH) is a rare condition. The incidence of adrenal haemorrhage in pregnancy is currently not known; however, an association with pregnancy has been reported.An acute presentation with severe back or flank pain should raise suspicion of this condition. Diagnosis is based on imaging. An ultrasound scan is a basic and readily available investigation in pregnancy to rule out renal and suprarenal pathology while CT or MRI scan can help to confirm the diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, involving the obstetric, anaesthetic, medical and endocrine team, is essential in management of this condition.We present a case of an SAH; managed conservatively, in an otherwise healthy and low-risk pregnant woman and describe the literature review on this rare condition, including pathophysiology and management.
Prevalence of vitamin D and calcium deficiencies and their health impacts on women of childbearing age: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silveira Erika Aparecida , Moura Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e , Castro Maria Clara Rezende , Kac Gilberto , Noll Priscilla Rayanne e Silva , de Oliveira Cesar , Noll Matias 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionNo systematic reviews has synthesised data on the available evidence to determine the prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiencies as a public health problem globally. Therefore, this study presents a protocol for conducting a review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of calcium and vitamin D serum deficiencies in women of childbearing age and stratify these data by age group, urban and rural area, world region and pregnant/non-pregnant women whenever possible.Methods and analysisThe systematic review protocol involves conducting a literature search in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The selected articles will be checked thoroughly, including the references to include grey literature. Cross-sectional studies and baseline data from cohort studies or clinical and community trials conducted with women of childbearing age with representative probabilistic sampling will be included. Two independent researchers will be responsible for article selection and data extraction, and discrepancies, if any, will be dealt with by a third reviewer. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be analysed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations and Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist, respectively. The heterogeneity of the estimates between studies will also be evaluated. Dissemination of the key findings from the systematic review will help identify priorities for action, establish dietary guidelines, develop health-related public policies and reduce and combat micronutrient deficiencies among women of childbearing age and their children.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, and findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207850.