bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Physical Activation Agents on Adsorbent Pore
Development and Methane Uptake
Authors: Zaini Mohd Saufi Md , Syed-Hassan Syed Shatir A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The effects of different physical activation agents on carbon material
pore development and the subsequent methane adsorption were studied.

Methods:
Palm kernel shell (PKS) as a carbon precursor was pre-treated with ZnCl2 and
activated for two hours with (i) CO2, (ii) steam, and (iii) the combination of CO2 and
steam (in series).

Results:
The findings indicate that the combination of two activation agents in series resulted
in a considerably high value of methane uptake of 118.73 V/V at 10 bar. Compared
to the activation with a single activating agent (steam or CO2), double activation agents
produced activated carbon (AC) with a higher BET surface area of 869.8 m2/g and a total
pore volume of 0.47 cm3/g. The obtained carbon materials were predominantly microporous,
with 92.08% micropores and 7.92% mesopores, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results show that combining two activation agents with different diffusivity
and reactivity significantly affects carbon pore development for methane adsorption.
The Impact of COVID-19 Strict Lockdown on the Air Quality of Smart Cities of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Barupal Tansukh , Tak Praveen Kumar , Meena Mukesh , Vishwakarma Pradeep Kumar , Swapnil Prashant 
Published: April 2022

Aim:
The main focus of this study is to evaluate the air quality by comparing the concentration of particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and ozone of smart cities of Rajasthan before the lockdown and during the period of lockdown.

Background:
In India, the first case of the COVID-19 was reported on January 30th, 2020. Indian government declared strict lockdown, i.e., public health emergency in India on March 24th, 2020, which is implemented from March 25th, 2020, to April 14th, 2020, for 21 days.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the air quality by comparing the levels of all parameters of air pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown period with values registered in the pre-lockdown period.

Methods:
Data were obtained from four automatic monitoring stations under the control of the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi (https://www.cpcb.nic.in/). Data regarding all the parameters were recorded as 24 hours average period.

Results:
CO levels showed the highest significant reduction in Udaipur (50.76%) followed by Jaipur (19.96%), Ajmer (17.11%), and Kota (5.51%) due to the ban on transport and driving. The levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 were also decreased substantially for each smart city. Ozone concentrations were recorded greater than before due to decreased nitrogen oxides levels.

Conclusion:
This study can be useful considering our present role in environmental restoration or environmental destruction. It will also be helpful in updating our present plan toward the assurance and conservation of nature.
Impactability Modeling for Reducing Medicare Accountable Care Organization Payments and Hospital Events in High-Need High-Cost Patients: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Smith Maureen A , Yu Menggang , Huling Jared D , Wang Xinyi , DeLonay Allie , Jaffery Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundImpactability modeling promises to help solve the nationwide crisis in caring for high-need high-cost patients by matching specific case management programs with patients using a “benefit” or “impactability” score, but there are limitations in tailoring each model to a specific program and population.ObjectiveWe evaluated the impact on Medicare accountable care organization savings from developing a benefit score for patients enrolled in a historic case management program, prospectively implementing the score, and evaluating the results in a new case management program.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 76,140 patients in a Medicare accountable care organization with multiple before-and-after measures of the outcome, using linked electronic health records and Medicare claims data from 2012 to 2019. There were 489 patients in the historic case management program, with 1550 matched comparison patients, and 830 patients in the new program, with 2368 matched comparison patients. The historic program targeted high-risk patients and assigned a centrally located registered nurse and social worker to each patient. The new program targeted high- and moderate-risk patients and assigned a nurse physically located in a primary care clinic. Our primary outcomes were any unplanned hospital events (admissions, observation stays, and emergency department visits), count of event-days, and Medicare payments.ResultsIn the historic program, as expected, high-benefit patients enrolled in case management had fewer events, fewer event-days, and an average US $1.15 million reduction in Medicare payments per 100 patients over the subsequent year when compared with the findings in matched comparison patients. For the new program, high-benefit high-risk patients enrolled in case management had fewer events, while high-benefit moderate-risk patients enrolled in case management did not differ from matched comparison patients.ConclusionsAlthough there was evidence that a benefit score could be extended to a new case management program for similar (ie, high-risk) patients, there was no evidence that it could be extended to a moderate-risk population. Extending a score to a new program and population should include evaluation of program outcomes within key subgroups. With increased attention on value-based care, policy makers and measure developers should consider ways to incorporate impactability modeling into program design and evaluation.
Developing Reporting Guidelines for Studies of HIV Drug Resistance Prevalence: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Garcia Cristian , Rehman Nadia , Lawson Daeria O , Djiadeu Pascal , Mbuagbaw Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

Background
HIV drug resistance is a global health problem that limits the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. Adequate surveillance of HIV drug resistance is challenged by heterogenous and inadequate data reporting, which compromises the accuracy, interpretation, and usability of prevalence estimates. Previous research has found that the quality of reporting in studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence is low, and thus better guidance is needed to ensure complete and uniform reporting.

Objective
This paper contributes to the process of developing reporting guidelines for prevalence studies of HIV drug resistance by reporting the methodology used in creating a reporting item checklist and generating key insights on items that are important to report.

Methods
We will conduct a sequential explanatory mixed methods study among authors and users of studies of HIV drug resistance. The two-phase design will include a cross-sectional electronic survey (quantitative phase) followed by a focus group discussion (qualitative phase). Survey participants will rate the essentiality of various reporting items. This data will be analyzed using content validity ratios to determine the items that will be retained for focus group discussions. Participants in these discussions will revise the items and any additionally suggested items and settle on a complete reporting item checklist. We will also conduct a thematic analysis of the group discussions to identify emergent themes regarding the agreement process.

Results
As of November 2021, data collection for both phases of the study is complete. In July 2021, 51 participants had provided informed consent and completed the electronic survey. In October 2021, focus group discussions were held. Nine participants in total participated in two virtual focus group discussions. As of May 2022, data are being analyzed.

Conclusions
This study supports the development of a reporting checklist for studies of HIV drug resistance by achieving agreement among experts on what items should be reported in these studies. The results of this work will be refined and elaborated on by a writing committee of HIV drug resistance experts and external reviewers to develop finalized reporting guidelines.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/35969
A Parent-Based Intervention for Reducing High-risk Social Media Cognitions, Alcohol Use, and Negative Consequences Among Adolescents: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Litt Dana M , Geusens Femke , Seamster Abby , Lewis Melissa A 
Published: April 2022

Background
The prevalence of adolescent alcohol use continues to be a public health concern. Although adolescents spend an increasing amount of time with their friends, parents remain an important source of support and continue to play a key role in the lives of their adolescents. Extensive research in this area has resulted in parent-based intervention (PBI) efforts to prevent or reduce adolescent alcohol use. However, one major limitation of PBIs is that they do not currently consider the large role that social media plays in adolescents’ lives and in relation to their alcohol use. We will add to the literature by developing and refining a web-based PBI designed to reduce both high-risk social media cognitions and alcohol use among adolescents.

Objective
The central goal of the proposed study is to develop, refine, and pilot a web-based PBI to reduce both high-risk social media cognitions and alcohol use among adolescents.

Methods
A total of 100 parent-teen dyads will be randomly assigned to one of the following 2 conditions: intervention or control. Parents in the intervention group will be given access to the web-based PBI and suggestions for working through the PBI modules with their teens. The parent-teen dyads will fill out 3 questionnaires: a baseline questionnaire, 1-month questionnaire, and 6-month questionnaire.

Results
Recruitment and enrollment will begin in August 2022. Upon completion of the intervention trial, we will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effect sizes of the newly developed web-based PBI.

Conclusions
This study has the potential to open doors for future studies examining the clinical implications of an efficacious web-based PBI to reduce alcohol use and high-risk cognitions about alcohol displays on social media.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04333966; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04333966

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/38543
A Comprehensive Review on Edible Vaccine
Authors: Shah Vrunda Vipul , Prajapati Riddhi Ashokbhai , Shah Saloni Pratikbhai , Patel Shiv Rakeshbhai , Patel Harshil Pankajkumar 
Published: April 2022

A New approach for vaccine delivery Antigen is the use of inexpensive of oral vaccines. Is ideal for edible vaccination since it grows quickly and has a lot of nutrients that improve the immune system. Edible oral vaccines supply exciting Prospects for considerably reducing the burden of disease like hepatitis and diarrhea Significantly within the developing world wherever storing and Administering vaccines are typically major problem. They have several benefits as they trigger the Immunity at the tissue layer surface which is the body’s first line of defense. Painful vaccination processes are replaced by an edible vaccine. In comparison to traditional vaccines, edible vaccines are needle-free, low-cost, do not require refrigeration, may be stored close to the point of application, are safe, and give mucosal and systemic protection. Vaccines play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The Review's major goal is to provide comprehensive information on edible vaccines. The main aim of the Review is to provide an all over information related to edible vaccine. The hope is the edible vaccine could be grown in the developing Many of countries Where their need is more.
Keywords: edible vaccine, fruits, immunity, vaccination, transgene, antigen
Identificación de cepas del complejo Candida albicans aisladas de muestras clínicas en la región de Valparaíso, Chile.
Authors: Vieille O. Peggy 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: C. albicans es reconocida como la especie más virulenta del género y representa la causa más frecuente de candidiasis en humanos. A nivel taxonómico, C.albicans se clasifica como un complejo de especies estrechamente relacionadas que incluye a C. albicans sensu stricto (s.s), C. dubliniensis y C. africana.
Objetivo: identificar las especies del complejo C. albicans aisladas desde distintas muestras de pacientes de la quinta región de Valparaíso.
Materiales y método: Se identificaron 103 cepas del complejo C. albicans, aisladas desde muestras superficiales y profundas durante el año 2020. La identificación se realizó en base a morfofisiología y la amplificación del gen HWP1.
Resultados: Se identificaron 100 cepas como C. albicans s.s, 2 como C. dubliniensis y 1 como C. africana. Dentro de las cepas identificadas como C. albicans s.s se observaron cuatro patrones de tamaños de fragmentos genéticos.
Conclusiones: C. albicans s.s fue la especie más frecuente y en base al genotipo de HPW1 se describen cuatro patrones ( H1 a H4).
Pengembangan Instrumen Evaluasi Tes Two-Tier Multiple Choice Berbasis Literasi Sains Siswa Kelas VII Pada Tema Hujan Asam
Authors: Septiani Aulia Dinar , Sjaifuddin Sjaifuddin , Berlian Liska 
Published: April 2022

This research is motivated by the low scientific literacy skills in Indonesia based on the results of the 2015 PISA survey and the limitations of teachers in measuring students' scientific literacy skills so that they have not been developed optimally. The purpose of this study is to develop and determine the level of feasibility of the Two-Tier Multiple Choice test evaluation instrument based on scientific literacy on the theme of acid rain. The research method used is the research and development method with the ADDIE development model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate) which in the development process is only at the Analyze, Design, Development, and Evaluate stages. The results of research and development in the form of a Two-Tier Multiple Choice test evaluation instrument based on scientific literacy on the theme of acid rain indicate that the product developed is very feasible based on assessments by material experts, evaluation experts, and three teachers with a total of 40 questions and gets a score the average is 97% based on material experts, 96% based on evaluation experts, 98% based on science teachers 1, 78% based on science teachers 2, and 99.8% based on science teachers 3. very feasible category with the overall average score of the validation has a percentage of 95%.
Key words: Development research, Two-Tier Multiple Choice, Science Literacy skill, Acid rain

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan literasi sains di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil survey PISA tahun 2015 dan keterbatasan guru dalam mengukur kemampuan literasi sains siwa sehingga belum dikembangkan secara optimal. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan serta mengetahui tingkat kelayakan instrumen evaluasi tes Two-Tier Multiple Choice berbasis literasi sains pada tema hujan asam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate) yang dalam proses pengembangannya hanya pada tahapan Analyze, Design, Development, dan Evaluate. Hasil dari penelitian dan pengembangan berupa instrumen evaluasi tes Two-Tier Multiple Choice berbasis literasi sains pada tema hujan asam menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dikembangkan sangat layak berdasarkan penilaian oleh ahli materi, ahli evaluasi, dan tiga guru dengan jumlah soal sebanyak 40 butir soal dan mendapat skor rata-rata yaitu 97% berdasarkan ahli materi, 96% berdasarkan ahli evaluasi, 98% berdasarkan guru IPA 1, 78% berdasarkan guru IPA 2, dan 99,8% berdasarkan guru IPA 3. Kesimpulannya, dari 40 soal yang dikembangkan keseluruhan berada dalam kategori sangat layak dengan skor rata-rata keseluruhan validasi memiliki persentase sebesar 95%.
Kata kunci: Penelitian pengembangan, Two-Tier Multiple Choice, Kemampuan
literasi sains, hujan asam
Jesus' Baptism: Its Historicity and Implications
Authors: WEBB ROBERT L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe historicity of Jesus' baptism by John is virtually certain. The historicity of the theophany (the Spirit's descent and divine voice) is probable, but its timing as contemporaneous with the baptism is open to question. As a prophetic call-vision, the theophany quite possibly happened at a later time. Based on an exploration of John's baptism and ministry within the context of Second-Temple Judaism, the significance of Jesus' baptism is explored: it is a significant turning point in Jesus' life; Jesus is identifying with Israel's need to repent, and he is in agreement with John's vision for a reconstituted Israel; since Jesus is a disciple of John, the beginning of his ministry involves baptizing within John's movement. It is also important to understand Jesus' later ministry along a trajectory that begins with Jesus' association with John. This later ministry shows both continuity with and development beyond Jesus' early involvement with John.
Who Is "Full of Grace and Truth" in the Ws Text of John 1:14?
Authors: Prior J. Bruce 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Authorities disagree in their readings of "full" in the Codex Washingtonianus text of John 1:14. The Alands, Swanson, and I opt for πληρη, whereas Sanders and Goodspeed read πληρις. If the former reading is correct, then the referent for the accusative masculine-singular adjective πληρη is still the Word, or Jesus Christ. If πληρις is the correct reading, however, then the crucial question is whether πληρις is merely an itacism for πλήρης or whether it is the same word as the plural adjective πλήρεις. If πληρις is plural, then the substitute scribe of Ws as well as the scribe of Codex Seidelianus and others understood that it is we rather than the Word who are "full of grace and truth."
How is the Christian to Construe Old Testament Law?
Authors: MARTENS ELMER A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe essay shows how a biblical theology approach can be helpful in delineating OT ethics for the Christian. Using the exemplar of Leviticus 19, the legal regulations are set in spiraling contexts of law generally, covenant, story, and Jesus/the NT. From the conceptual context, specific guidelines are suggested for Christian ethics: paradigm (deriving from story), principles (based on law), and precedent (following Jesus and the NT).
One Woman or Two? 1 Corinthians 7:34
Authors: GUENTHER ALLEN R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
1 Cor 7:34 presents a challenge to text critic and interpreter. Its textual parentage is not self-evident. In this article I argue that the reading chosen is the preferred reading and that the perceived problem originates in the grammatical choices that interpreters have made. Most translators and exegetes interpret the phrase καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄ γαμος καὶ ἡ παρθένος as two nouns (γυνή and παρθένος, "the unmarried woman and the virgin"), thereby creating a conflict with 7:11, where ἅγαμος refers to a divorced woman. The preferred alternative is to read παρθένος adjectivally, as is common in Greek literature. This produces the translation, "and the unmarried chaste woman," resolving the interpreter's dilemma and validating the UBS's textual choice.
Analisis Strategi Bauran Komunikasi Pemasaran pada Beberapa Perusahaan di Kota Palopo
Authors: Hamud Jabaluddin - , Mujahidin Mujahidin 
Published: April 2022

AbstrakKomunikasi pemasaran merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam mencapai tujuan pemasaran dari suatu perusahaan, karena komunikasi pemasaran berfungsi untuk memperkenalkan, menginformasikan, menawarkan, memengaruhi, dan mempertahankan tingkah laku membeli dari konsumen dan pelanggan potensial perusahaan. Setiap perusahaan berusaha untuk mengimplementasikan strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang terbaik guna mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian dari calon konsumen.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dilakukan pada beberapa perusahaan di kota Palopo dengan menggunakan sampel 50 perusahaan dari 1292 perusahaan yang ada (Palopo dalam angka 2021). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk komunikasi pemasaran yang digunakan dan bauran komunikasi pemasaran yang paling dominan digunakan oleh beberapa perusahaan di kota Palopo.Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa semua elemen bauran komunikasi pemasaran digunakan oleh perusahaan yang ada di kota Palopo sedangkan bauran komunikasi pemasaran yang paling dominan digunakan oleh perusahaan adalah bauran promosi penjualan (sales promotion), sedangkan bauran yang paling jarang digunakan adalah bauran hubungan masyarakat.
Pertumbuhan Bisnis Online Mahasiswa Melalui Sosial Media pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Supriyanto Agus 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bisnis online pada masa pandemi covid-19. Responden penelitian adalah pelaku bisnis online yang berjumlah 200 mahasiswa muslim pada perguruan tinggi di Kudus. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Non Probability Sampling dengan metode Convinience Sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan, Structural Equation Modeling dengan bantuan AMOS 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara manajemen hubungan pelanggan, akses pasar dan inovasi terhadap pertumbuhan bisnis online yang dijalankan mahasiswa muslim di Kudus. Penetapan harga produk tidak berdampak bagi pertumbuhan bisnis online karena akan memicu pelaku bisnis untuk saling perang harga. Implikasi manajerial penelitian ini adalah bahwa pelaku bisnis online perlu untuk memperhatikan pelanggan dengan melakukan manajemen hubungan pelanggan yang baik, meningkatkan akses pasar dan melakukan inovasi terhadap produk dan layanan karena akan berdampak pada pertumbuhan bisnis.
Faktor yang Paling Dominan Mempengaruhi Rendahnya Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Matematika
Authors: Rismawati Melinda 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine what factors have the most dominant influence on the low motivation to learn mathematics subjects related to algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and trigonometry in students of the Mathematics education program STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang. This study uses a quantitative approach with data analysis using exploratory factor analysis and descriptive analysis with 64 research subjects as students of the Mathematics Education Study Program of STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa. The results showed that the most dominant factor affecting the low learning outcomes of mathematics education study program students was the learning facilities factor with a variance percentage of 20.914%. Keywords: The most dominant factor, learning motivation