bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bearers of the Apocalypse
Authors: Geraci Robert M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 asks what it would take to consider the transition of Apocalyptic artificial intelligence (AI) into the scientific and popular milieu of 21st-century India. Using traditional Hindu expectations about cosmic realities—even though a great many Indians are not Hindu and Hinduism is far from monolithic—this chapter experiments with how Hindu religious texts conceive of political transformations and what this means for the arrival of transhumanist thinking in India. It reflects on the history of futurist speculation in 20th-century India and, drawing on pop science and science fiction, the shifting dynamics of such interests in the 21st century.
Radial–axial transport coordination enhances sugar translocation in the phloem vasculature of plants
Authors: Nakad Mazen , Domec Jean-Christophe , Sevanto Sanna , Katul Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding mass transport of photosynthates in the phloem of plants is necessary for predicting plant carbon allocation, productivity, and responses to water and thermal stress. Several hypotheses about optimization of phloem structure and function and limitations of phloem transport under drought have been proposed and tested with models and anatomical data. However, the true impact of radial water exchange of phloem conduits with their surroundings on mass transport of photosynthates has not been addressed. Here, the physics of the Munch mechanism of sugar transport is re-evaluated to include local variations in viscosity resulting from the radial water exchange in two dimensions (axial and radial) using transient flow simulations. Model results show an increase in radial water exchange due to a decrease in sap viscosity leading to increased sugar front speed and axial mass transport across a wide range of phloem conduit lengths. This increase is around 40% for active loaders (e.g. crops) and around 20% for passive loaders (e.g. trees). Thus, sugar transport operates more efficiently than predicted by previous models that ignore these two effects. A faster front speed leads to higher phloem resiliency under drought because more sugar can be transported with a smaller pressure gradient.
Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Suso-Martí Luis , Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Alba-Quesada Patricio , Muñoz-Alarcos Vicente , Herranz-Gómez Aida , Varangot-Reille Clovis , Domínguez-Navarro Fernando , Casaña José 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the effects of pain neuroscience education (PNE) on patients with fibromyalgia in terms of pain intensity, fibromyalgia impact, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing.

Methods
A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with RStudio software (RStudio, Boston, MA) for relevant outcomes and were pooled in a meta-analysis with the random effects model.

Results
A total of eight studies were included. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant differences in pain intensity with a moderate clinical effect in seven studies at the post-intervention assessment (SMD: –0.76; 95% CI: –1.33 to –0.19; P &lt; 0.05) with evidence of significant heterogeneity (P &lt; 0.05, I2 = 92%), but it did not show statistically significant differences in fibromyalgia impact, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing (P &gt; 0.05). With regard to the follow-up assessment, only the fibromyalgia impact showed significant improvements, with a very small clinical effect in nine studies (SMD: –0.44; 95% CI: –0.73 to –0.14; P &lt; 0.05) and evidence of significant heterogeneity (P &lt; 0.05, I2 = 80%). After the application of a sensitivity analysis with the PNE face-to-face interventions, the meta-analysis showed a significant decrease in pain intensity, with a moderate clinical effect at the post-intervention and follow-up assessments without evidence of significant heterogeneity (P &lt; 0.05, I2 = 10%).

Conclusions
There is low-quality evidence that in patients with fibromyalgia, PNE can decrease the pain intensity in the post-intervention period and the fibromyalgia impact in the follow-up period. However, it appears that PNE showed no effect on anxiety and pain catastrophizing.
NICU Parents of Black Preterm Infants
Authors: Waldron Mia K. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Black infants in the United States have the highest incidence of both infant mortality (IM) and preterm birth among all racial/ethnic groups. The IM disparity for Black preterm infants often occurs after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge, when parents become the primary caregivers. The revised Kenner Transition Model (KTM) is situation specific and comprised 5 interrelated domains of parental need after NICU discharge that have not been previously applied to the transition from NICU to home of Black infants.

Purpose:
This study's purpose was to explore the conceptual fit of parental readiness to care for their Black preterm infants after NICU discharge with the revised KTM.

Methods:
A qualitative descriptive research approach was used for this single-site study of NICU parents of Black preterm infants. Qualitative analysis of 10 parents' perceptions before NICU discharge was via semantic content analysis; data were organized into categories aligned with the KTM. The Transition Questionnaire (TQ), an adjunct to the KTM, provided self- report quantitative data.

Results:
All parents endorsed the “Information Needs,” “Stress and Coping,” and “Professional Support” domains of the KTM. Parent TQ responses indicated perceptions of moderate to high levels of home transition readiness after NICU discharge.

Implications for Practice and Research:
The domains of the revised KTM were affirmed by parents of Black preterm infants in this study via coded interview and TQ responses. Additional study exploring the clinical assessment of transition readiness with theoretical grounding in diverse NICU families is warranted.

Video Abstract available at:

https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx.
Ultrasound to Verify Gastric Tube Position in Infants and Children
Authors: Manzo Bruna Figueiredo , Marcatto Juliana de Oliveira , Ribeiro Bruna Ferreira , Oliveira Thayane Gusmão P. , Gomes Vitório Guedes , Caldas Jamil Pedro de Siqueira , Parker Leslie A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Placement of gastric tubes is commonly performed in infants and children but malpositioning is common and is associated with significant complications.

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review is to identify the evidence on the use of ultrasound to verify correct gastric tube placement in infants and children and gaps in the research.

Methods:
This review was performed using CINAHL, PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they used an empirical study design, were published in English, included infants or children, and evaluated the use of ultrasound to verify correct gastric tube placement compared to radiograph. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were evaluated.

Results:
Four articles were included in the review. Sensitivity estimates were 0.88 to 1.00 and a positive predictive value of 0.99 was reported in one study. Specificity was not reported in any of the included studies. Ultrasound may be an important method to correctly identify gastric tube placement in infants and children with less radiation exposure and cost.

Implications for Practice:
Ultrasound could be a used to verify gastric tube positioning in infants and children for both initial placement and continued verification leading to reduced radiation exposure and cost.

Implications for Research:
Research should focus on evaluating ultrasound specificity and the clinical feasibility of using ultrasound as a standard practice, including cost and time required to complete the exam, as well as the ability of ultrasound to verify gastric tube placement in infants weighing less than 1500 grams.
Clean Shot: Bacterial Contamination After Positive Pressure Irrigation of Low-Velocity Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Lindeman Katherine G. , Colen Alexander J. , Molinari Alexander , Ablove Robert H. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
Low-velocity gunshot wounds (LV-GSWs) are a common reason for emergency department visits. Optimal nonsurgical treatment has not been thoroughly studied and is not standardized. The goal of this study was to determine whether positive pressure irrigation reduces the bacterial contamination after a simulated GSW to soft tissue.

Methods:
Nineteen lamb shank specimens were prepared with denim inoculated with Serratia marcescens cultures. A 9-mm pistol round was fired from a distance of 3 m through the contaminated denim into the lamb shank. A culture swab was placed in the wound directly after firing, after 250 cubic-centimeters (cc) irrigation with normal saline, and after an additional 250 cc irrigation (for a total of 500 cc). Swabs were then cultured to determine the amount of bacterial growth.

Results:
Before irrigation, 0 (0%) plates showed no growth, 2 (10.5%) showed rare growth, 8 (42.1%) showed few growth, 6 (31.6%) showed moderate growth, and 3 (15.8%) showed many growth. After 500 cc irrigation, 2 (10.5%) showed no growth, 1 (5.3%) showed rare growth, 11 (57.9%) showed few growth, 2 (10.5%) showed moderate growth, and 3 (15.8%) showed many growth. Fisher exact test confirmed no significant change in bacterial concentration after irrigation (P = 0.59). A Pearson test found no correlation between irrigation and bacterial growth (r = −0.15, P = −0.25).

Conclusions:
Positive pressure irrigation with up to 500 cc normal saline did not significantly alter the quantity of bacterial growth within a simulated GSW cavity. The data suggest that bedside positive pressure irrigation may not be beneficial in the initial emergency department treatment of LV-GSWs.
Binocular Visual Function Changes After Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Fasciani Romina , Crincoli Emanuele , Fedeli Chiara , Rebecchi Maria Teresa , Senneca Marco , Mosca Luigi , Guccione Laura , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
High-order aberrations (HOAs) have been demonstrated to profoundly affect both visual acuity and stereoacuity in patients with keratoconus. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been proven to significantly lower HOAs in keratoconus. Yet, to the present date, no evaluation of the effect of the procedure on stereopsis has been performed. The purpose of the study was to assess differences in binocular visual performance in patients with keratoconus before and after CXL.

Methods:
Patients with keratoconus undergoing standard Dresden protocol epi-off CXL in the ophthalmology department of Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Hospital received slitlamp examination, uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity assessment, corneal tomography, Lang stereotest, TNO stereoacuity assessment, distance and near cover test, and Irvine test before surgery and 6 months after CXL. Stereopsis tests were performed with spectacle correction.

Results:
The analysis included 30 patients (mean age 24.63 ± 3.49 years). The Lang test improved after treatment (P 0.027), with 6 of 30 patients (20%) showing a positive Lang test before CXL compared with 16 of 30 patients (53.3%) after treatment. Moreover, TNO stereoacuity increased after treatment (P 0.043), and 14 of 30 patients (46.7%) manifested an improvement of at least 250″ at the TNO test after CXL. In this subgroup of patients, total root mean square values decreased after treatment (P < 0.001), whereas patients who did not manifest a clinically significant improvement in stereoacuity did not show a reduction in total root mean square values after CXL (P = 0.11). The results of cover test and Irvine test did not vary after CXL.

Conclusions:
Patients with keratoconus showing a reduction of HOAs after CXL also manifest a significant improvement in stereoacuity after the treatment.
Evaluation of Ocular Higher-Order Aberrations in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Namdari Maral , Eslampour Alireza , Zarei-Ghanavati Siamak 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in first-degree relatives of patients with keratoconus (KCN) and compare with the normal population.

Methods:
In this prospective comparative study, 210 eyes from 105 family members of 28 patients with KCN and 210 normal eyes of 105 controls were enrolled. In each eye, corneal topography, tomography, and aberrometry were performed and compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
This study included 61 female (58.1%) and 44 male participants (41.9%) and 105 age-matched and sex-matched controls with normal topographic cornea. In 14 of 105 first-degree relatives (13.33%) of patients with KCN, KCN was diagnosed with a male preponderance (71.5% male, 28.5% female). Tomographic indices and irregularity indices in 3 and 5 mm zone in Orbscan were significantly higher in the relative group. In addition, other irregularity indices of TMS-4 topography including surface regularity index, surface asymmetry index, difference sector index, SDP, and irregular astigmatism index were significantly higher in family members of patients with KCN. The most prevalent topographic pattern in the control group was the symmetric bowtie (57.1%) and in the relative group was the asymmetric bowtie (39.5%). In addition, significantly thinnest corneal pachymetry was detected in the relative group. Root mean square of all HOAs including vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, horizontal trefoil, quadrifoil, and fourth-order spherical aberrations were significantly greater in the relative group than controls.

Conclusions:
Owing to the high prevalence of undiagnosed KCN susceptibility in family members with KCN, keratorefractive surgery should be considered cautiously in these individuals. In addition, comprehensive preoperative examination should be considered to detect subtle topographic and HOAs in these individuals.
Altered serum bile acid profile in fibromyalgia is associated with specific gut microbiome changes and symptom severity
Authors: Minerbi Amir , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Brereton Nicholas , Fitzcharles Mary-Ann , Chevalier Stéphanie , Shir Yoram 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiome in women with fibromyalgia have recently been demonstrated, including changes in the relative abundance of certain bile acid–metabolizing bacteria. Bile acids can affect multiple physiological processes, including visceral pain, but have yet to be explored for association to the fibromyalgia gut microbiome. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomic approaches were used to characterize the gut microbiome and circulating bile acids in a cohort of 42 women with fibromyalgia and 42 healthy controls. Alterations in the relative abundance of several bacterial species known to metabolize bile acids were observed in women with fibromyalgia, accompanied by significant alterations in the serum concentration of secondary bile acids, including a marked depletion of α-muricholic acid. Statistical learning algorithms could accurately detect individuals with fibromyalgia using the concentration of these serum bile acids. Serum α-muricholic acid was highly correlated with symptom severity, including pain intensity and fatigue. Taken together, these findings suggest serum bile acid alterations are implicated in nociplastic pain. The changes observed in the composition of the gut microbiota and the concentration of circulating secondary bile acids seem congruent with the phenotype of increased nociception and are quantitatively correlated with symptom severity. This is a first demonstration of circulating bile acid alteration in individuals with fibromyalgia, potentially secondary to upstream gut microbiome alterations. If corroborated in independent studies, these observations may allow for the development of molecular diagnostic aids for fibromyalgia as well as mechanistic insights into the syndrome.
Treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder with botulinum toxin: real-life results and patients’ expectations
Authors: Abreu-Mendes Pedro , Portugal-Rodrigues Inês , Vale Luis , Dinis Paulo , Cruz Francisco , Antunes-Lopes Tiago , Martins-Silva Carlos 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent syndrome affecting 11% to 16% of the adult population. When first-line pharmacological therapy is not effective, intradetrusorial injections of onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) might have an important role in controlling symptoms. The main aim of this study was to access both the efficacy and safety of intradetrusor injections of 100U BTX-A in real clinical practice, among women with idiopathic OAB (iOAB).

Methods:
Retrospective study, based on clinical diaries in 136 iOAB female patients, with or without urinary incontinence, submitted to BTX-A injections, between 2005 and 2018 in a tertiary university hospital. Positive response was considered only when the patient mentioned she had great improvement after the injection, otherwise, it was considered negative.

Results:
A positive response was obtained in 90 patients (66%) after the first injection. Women with a positive response after the first treatment had 7.5 times more chances to improve with the second (P
= .01). Discontinuation of the therapy after the first injection was neither dependent on the presence of incontinence at baseline (P = .73) nor it was related to age (P = .6). On univariate analyses, none of the parameters evaluated was useful of predicting successful response, although there was a trend in women who had had a previous midurethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence, to have a lower chance of having a positive response after the first injection (P = .06).
Thirty-nine women (29%) had at least 1 adverse event, urinary tract infection, and straining to void were the most frequent. Women above 65 years old had less risk of developing a urinary tract infection (P = .04).

Conclusion:
In real clinical practice, BTX-A injection is an effective (66%) and safe treatment, capable of improving quality of life. Moreover, responding to the first injection seems to predict good clinical outcomes in the second treatment. This procedure can be done with minimal restrictions.
Data Collection Procedures and Injury Definitions in Badminton: A Consensus Statement According to the Delphi Approach
Authors: Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Ortega-Avila Ana Belen , Kaldau Niels Christian , Fahlstrom Martin , Felder Hanno , Kerr Stewart , King Mark , McCaig Steve , Marchena-Rodriguez Ana , Cabello-Manrique David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Previous studies involving injury surveillance in badminton players have used nonstandardized injury definitions and data collection methodologies. The purpose of this study was to apply a Delphi method to (1) reach a consensus on an injury definition in badminton and (2) develop a standardized badminton injury report form. An Injury Consensus Group was established under the auspices of the Badminton World Federation, and initial injury definitions and injury report form were developed. An internal panel was formed from the Injury Consensus Group, and an external panel was selected based on a combination of profession, experience in the field, sport-specific knowledge/expertise, and geographical location to obtain a widely representative sample. Through 2 rounds of voting by the external panel, consensus was reached on both the definition of an injury in badminton and a standardized injury report form. The agreed injury definition was “Any physical injury sustained by a player during a match or training regardless if further diagnostic tests were done or if playing time was lost” and the injury report form contained the following 7 sections: Injury record, Diagnosis, Injury mechanism, Regarding pain, Pain and return to play/training after injury, Grade of severity, and Recurrence. We recommend the use of the definitions and methods presented in this consensus statement for the reporting of injury in all international and domestic badminton players. This should make future injury surveillance reports directly comparable and hence more informative in recognizing trends over time and differences between countries.
Finding Predictors of Azathioprine-Induced Pancreatitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Freitas Marta , Lima Capela Tiago , Macedo Silva Vítor , Arieira Cátia , Cúrdia Gonçalves Tiago , Dias de Castro Francisca , Moreira Maria João , Firmino-Machado João , Cotter José 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Azathioprine (AZA)-induced pancreatitis (AIP) is a common, idiosyncratic adverse effect whose incidence and risk factors data in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are not fully clarified. We aimed to establish the incidence, clinical course and identify risk factors for AIP.

Methods
A retrospective study including all IBD patients on AZA between January 2013 and July 2020 was conducted. Patients with AIP were considered.

Results
Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis occurred in 33 patients (7.5%; 442 patients on AZA). The mean time receiving AZA until AIP was 25 days, with a mean dose of 88 mg. All patients had a mild course of disease, which resolved with suspension of AZA and with no complications. Smoking (P = 0.02), single daily dose of AZA (P < 0.001), and concomitant budesonide (P = 0.001) were risk factors for AIP. In multivariate analysis, concomitant treatment with budesonide (odds ratio, 5.3; P = 0.002) and single daily dose of AZA (odds ratio, 3.8; P = 0.002) were the only predictors of AIP.

Conclusions
Although AIP was a relatively common adverse effect, it presented a mild course in all patients. Smoking, concomitant use of budesonide, and single-dose regimen of AZA should be avoided in IBD patients treated with AZA.
Baseline Factors Predictive of the Receipt of Second-Line Chemotherapy After Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine for Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Iede Kiyotsugu , Yamada Terumasa , Koh Masahiro , Ueda Masami , Tsuda Yujiro , Nakashima Shinsuke , Ohta Katsuya , Tanida Tsukasa , Matsuyama Jin , Ikenaga Masakazu , Tominaga Shusei 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Second-line (2L) chemotherapy is important for improved survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). However, approximately half of patients with APC do not receive 2L chemotherapy because of disease progression or adverse events. Baseline factors predictive of the receipt of 2L chemotherapy remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated predictive factors for the receipt of 2L chemotherapy in patients with APC.

Methods
Between January 2015 and March 2020, 53 patients with APC received nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) as first-line chemotherapy at our institute. Of these 53 patients, 29 patients received 2L chemotherapy, and 23 patients received best supportive care. Patients' characteristics were compared retrospectively, and predictive factors for the receipt of 2L chemotherapy were evaluated.

Results
Sarcopenia and hypoalbuminemia at baseline were independent negative predictive factors for the receipt of 2L chemotherapy in multivariate analysis. Although the presence of sarcopenia did not affect the relative dose intensity through 8 weeks of AG therapy, patients with hypoalbuminemia had a significantly lower relative dose intensity.

Conclusions
Sarcopenia and hypoalbuminemia at baseline might be negative predictive factors for the receipt of 2L chemotherapy after AG treatment in patients with APC.