bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-B-20 Altering the Particle Size of Supplemental Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in Finishing Cattle Diets: Manure Characteristics and Ammonia Emissions
Authors: Myers Cheyanne A , de Marti Mario Haro , Chahine Mireille , Chibisa Gwinyai E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A potential strategy to limit ammonia (NH3) emissions from feedlots is the feeding of supplemental clinoptilolite (CLN), which has a high affinity for ammonium (NH4+). The particle size of CLN could influence its efficacy in binding NH4+ in the rumen and manure. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effects of feeding CLN (2% of diet DM) of two different particle sizes (30 and 40 µm) on manure N profile and NH3 emissions. Six beef heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21 d periods. Dietary treatments were: 1) finishing ration with no supplement (CON), 2) CON + 30-µm CLN (CL-30), and 3) CON + 40-µm CLN (CL-40). Grab fecal and spot urine samples were collected (d 19 to 21) for analysis. To determine NH3 emissions, six rectangular vented, non-steady state, closed chambers interfaced with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyzer were used. Soil was added to chambers to a depth of 10 cm before addition of manure and incubated over a 7-d period. Data were analyzed using SAS. There was no diet effect (P ≥ 0.78) on urinary total nitrogen (N) and urea-N concentrations. However, urinary NH3-N concentration, which was less (P = 0.03) for CON than CL-40 heifers did not differ between CON and CL-30 heifers. Fecal N concentration, which tended to greater (P = 0.07) for CL-30 than CL-40 heifers did not differ between CON and CL-40 heifers. However, there was no diet effect (P = 0.25) on fecal NH3-N concentration. Ammonia emissions, which were less (P = 0.02) for manure from CL-40 than CL-30 heifers, did not differ between CON and CL-30 heifers during the first 48 h of incubation. In summary, feeding CL with different particle sizes resulted in changes in the manure N profile and NH3 emissions.
PSIX-14 The Influence of Previous Plane of Nutrition on Feedlot Performance, Water Intake and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers
Authors: Barney Abigail L , Franco Arturo Macias , da Silva Aghata Elins Moreira , De Moura Felipe Henrique , Fonseca Mozart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate how the background diet can affect the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Crossbred Angus steers (n = 24; 298.01 ± 10.17 kg) were fed either a low plane of nutrition (LP, n =12 ; triticale only, 91g/kg CP, 0.25Mcal/kg NEm, and 0.10Mcal/kg NEg) or adequate plane of nutrition (AP, n =12; 850g/kg alfalfa and 150g/kg beardless wheat, 126.2g/kg, 0.25Mcal/kg NEm, and 0.13 Mcal/kg NEg) during the background phase (85d). After this period, body weight (BW) of LP (362.81 kg ± 10.237) was less than the BW of AP (405.97kg ± 10.237). Animals were then transitioned to a finishing diet (800 g/kg whole corn and 200 g/kg alfalfa; 108 g/kg, 0.97Mcal/kg NEm, and 0.65 Mcal/kg NEg) and fed for 105d. Water intake (WI) and dry matter intake (DMI) were individually measured daily. Animals were then havested, and hot carcass weight (HCW) was obtained. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h, and qualified personnel measured longissimus dorsi area via direct grid reading between the 12th and 13th rib, USDA marbling score and yield grades. Differences amongst treatments were compared via orthogonal contrast using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4). No differences were observed for WI, DMI, final BW and average daily gain among groups. Carcass characteristics such as HCW, yield grade, rib eye area, and dressing percentage were also similar between groups. On the other hand, animals previously on LP had a reducedr marbling score (421.11) than the AP treatment (493.21) (P = 0.0014). Therefore, even though the previous plane of nutrition did not affect intakes, performance, and carcass characteristics, the decreased amount of nutrients during the background decreased marbling of LP animals, which affects the final quality grade of the carcass as well as price per kg of carcass.
PSIX-3 Rumen Bacteria Composition between pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Dairy Calves
Authors: Xinyu Zhang , Li Shengli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the changes of fecal bcteria of calves before and after weaning. Among 365 Holstein calves born in 2021, 8 Holstein calves with similar body weight were selected before weaning (60 ± 2 d) and after weaning (120 ± 6 d), and rectal manure was collected. Fecal samples for volatile fatty acids and fecal microorganisms. The results showed that: 1) Sobs index, Ace index, Chao1 index, Simpson index and Shannon index of pre-weaning calves and post-weaning calves were significantly different (P &lt; 0.05); 2) At the phylum level, both pre-weaning calves and post-weaning calves were characterized by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinomyces, the phylum is the dominant bacteria. Compared with pre-weaning calves, the composition of fecal bacteria of post-weaning calves at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Patescibacteria and Campilobacterota, decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05); 3) At the family level, the predominant bacteria of both pre-weaning and post-weaning calves are Lachnospiraceae, Vibriospira, and Prevotella. Compared with pre-weaning calves, the composition of fecal microbiota in post-weaning calves at the family level, the relative abundances of Oscillospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Christensenellaceae, Anaerovoracaceae, Clostridiaceae, norank_o__RF39, Monoglobaceae and UCG-010 were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05), while the relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Butyricicoccaceae and Coriobacteriaceae were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05); 4) At the genus level, compared with pre-weaning calves, the relative abundance of UCG-005, norank_f__Muribaculaceae, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Paeniclostridium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Coprococcus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Agathobacter, norank_f__norank_o__RF39 decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05), Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Blautia, Faecalibacterium were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, in this experiment, there were significant differences in the fecal bacteria of Holstein calves before and after weaning in Tibet. This study provides reference information for the feeding and management of calves in high altitude areas.
PSIX-9 The Effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed Consumption on gut and Satiety Hormones Related to Intake in Holstein Steers
Authors: King Mindy E , Herzing Hannah M , McLeod Kyle R , Klotz James L , Harmon David L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) seed, and ergovaline (ERV), on gut and satiety hormones and investigate changes in post-absorptive metabolism. Holstein steers (n=12; 260 ± 16 kg) were assigned to one of three treatments (ERV concentration in diet dry matter): 0, 1.8, and 2.7 ppm with animals being adapted to an indoor environment for 4 days followed by a 7-day diet adaptation and a 10-day treatment period. On days 16 and 17, blood was collected via jugular catheters at 20-min intervals for 8 hours beginning 1 hour pre-feeding. Plasma was extracted and analyzed for insulin, leptin, and active ghrelin. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and glucose were analyzed to evaluate changes in postabsorptive metabolism using plasma from each 60-min interval. DMI decreased linearly with increased ERV concentration (P&lt; 0.0001). A quadratic increase was observed for insulin with the 2.7 ppm ERV treatment having the greatest concentrations (P&lt; 0.0001). A quadratic response was observed for leptin where the 1.8 ppm ERV treatment had the greatest concentrations (P&lt; 0.0001). Active ghrelin concentrations decreased linearly with increasing ERV concentrations (P=0.047). A treatment-by-time interaction was observed for NEFA (P&lt; 0.0001) where the 1.8 ppm ERV decreased from pre-feeding to 1-hour post-feeding and did not differ from control thereafter whereas, the 2.7 ppm ERV treatment increased above the 0 ppm ERV treatment beginning 5 hours post-feeding and was greatest among all treatments at 6 hours post-feeding. The 2.7 ppm ERV treatment exhibited the least BHB concentrations (P=0.029). Glucose concentrations increased linearly with increasing ERV concentrations (P=0.046). These results indicate that consumption of E+ seed decreases intake which may be possible through alteration of hormones and may also alter post-absorptive metabolism.
PSIX-15 The Influence of Trace Mineral Source on Reproductive Performance in Recipient Multiparous Beef Cows
Authors: Thomas Tyler A , Tangredi Briana V , Hallmark Harrison D , Thorndyke Meghan P , de Bisneto Octavio Almeida Guimaraes , Crane Sara , Engle Terry E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fifty cow-calf pairs were used to investigate the influence of trace mineral (TM) source on reproductive performance following embryo transfer. Cows were blocked by BW and breed and sorted into pens containing 5 cow-calf pairs. Each group was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) Organic TM (OTM): 75 mg of Cu from Cu proteinate, 8 mg of Co from Co proteinate, 105 mg of Mn from Mn proteinate, 3 mg of Se from Sel-Plex, and 220 mg of Zn from Zn proteinate, animal-1∙d-1; and 2) Inorganic TM (ITM): 255 mg of Cu from Cu sulfate, 2.6 mg of Co from Co carbonate, 1018 mg of Mn from Mn sulfate, 3 mg Se from sodium selenate, and 763 mg of Zn from Zn sulfate, animal-1∙d-1. All cows were fed a roughage-based diet with no supplemental Cu, Co, Mn, Se, or Zn. Cows were individually fed 0.9 kg of the appropriate supplement pellets daily to deliver TM treatments for 89-d, starting 5-d after estrous synchronization. Estrous was synchronized in all cows on d 0 of the experiment and cows received embryos 8-d after expressing estrous. Serum and plasma were obtained every 28-d and analyzed for reproductive hormones and TM, respectively. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design in R (version 4.0.5). Reproductive performance and hormone concentrations were similar across treatments. Cows receiving OTM had greater Se (P &lt; 0.05) and Cu (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations when compared to ITM. There was a treatment x time interaction for Cu concentrations (P &lt; 0.03). Copper concentrations decreased over time in ITM supplemented cows and increased over time in OTM supplemented cows. These data suggest that TM source did not impact reproductive performance but did improve Cu and Se status in cows over the 94-d experiment.
PSIX-18
Use of Feed Additives to Improve the Recovery of Unweaned Calves After Transportation
Authors: Marti Sonia , Blanch Marta , Terre Marta , Devant Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transportation of unweaned calves involves periods of feed restriction and stress without a fully developed immune system and gastrointestinal tract. The use of additives to enhance intake and immunity at arrival could be a strategy to minimize those negative effects. Holstein male calves (n + 39; 16 ± 1.2 d of age and 46 ± 0.1 kg of BW) were used to evaluate the effect of a mixture of feed additives (FA) comprising palatability enhancers, standardized olive pomace extract and tributyrin on performance, energy balance (BHBA), GI functionality (Cr-EDTA and citrulline) and inflammation in calves fed restrictively [2.5 L of milk replacer (MR) twice daily at 12.5%] simulating an assembly center and transported (fasted). Calves were distributed in 3 treatments: non-transported calves fed MR and concentrate without FA since the beginning of the study until weaning (CTR; n=13); and two treatments where calves were fed MR without FA during the restriction period (3d) and transported for 19 h, at arrival calves were offered MR and concentrate without FA (TNA; n =13) or with FA (TWA; n = 13). The MR was offered at 2.5 L twice daily and concentrate ad libitum. Data were analyzed with a mixed-effects model. After transportation (d0), calves on TNA and TWA treatments had a peak of concentrate intake greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with CTR even those calves had no concentrate before; and on d1, calves on TNA decreased concentrate intake in a greater extent than TWA. Serum IL-1ß on d1 was lesser (P &lt; 0.05) in TNA compared with CTR and TWA. Serum citrulline on d 2 was lesser (P &lt; 0.05) in the TNA compared with TWA. The mixture of FA mitigates the decline of concentrate intake the day after transport and seems to recover enterocytes mass estimated by serum citrulline concentration.
PSIX-16 Urine Metabolome and Whole Blood Transcriptome of Beef Steers with low or High Residual Feed Intake
Authors: Taiwo Godstime A , Idowu Modoluwamu , Jose Mata Padrino Domingo , Denvir James , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the metabolome of urine samples to identify urinary metabolic biomarkers and whole blood transcriptome-based gene set enrichment to identify key pathways associated with divergent selection for low or high RFI in beef cattle. Low-RFI beef steers (n = 8; RFI = - 1.93 kg/d) and high-RFI beef steers (n = 8; RFI = + 2.01kg/d) were selected from a group of 56 growing crossbred beef steers after a 49-d performance testing period. At the end of the 49-d period, weekly urine and blood samples were collected three times from the low- and high-RFI steers. Metabolome analysis of the urine samples was conducted using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer and biomarker analysis of the metabolome data was performed to identify candidate biomarkers (FDR ≤ 0.05; AUC ≥ 0.85) associated with RFI. Whole-blood RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina sequencer and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze differentially expressed (FDR ≤ 0.05) pathways. A total number of 557 metabolites were detected and identified. Biomarker analysis of the metabolome data identified N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, O-methyl-L-threonine, uridine, and threoninyl-hydroxyproline as candidate biomarkers (FDR ≤ 0.05; AUC &gt; 0.85) of RFI. Results of GSEA revealed pathways associated with protein metabolism, cellular responses to external stimuli, and stress were differentially inhibited in high-RFI compared with low-RFI beef cattle, while pathways associated with binding and uptake of ligands by scavenger receptors and erythrocytes release/take up oxygen were differentially enriched (FDR &lt; 0.05) in high-RFI beef steers. Taken together, our results revealed that urine is a potential source of metabolite biomarkers associated with RFI and beef steers divergently selected for low or high RFI have differential expressions of genes related to protein metabolism and stress responsiveness. high RFI revealed differential expressions of genes related to protein metabolism and stress responsiveness.
PSIX-11 The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Alpha Diversity and Proteobacteria Ratio in South African Feedlot Cattle in the Finisher Phase
Authors: Linde Dina A , du Toit Lindeque , Schokker Dirkjan , van Marle-Koster Este 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Probiotics are known to stabilize the microbiome especially in monogastric animals. Limited information is available on the potential effect on the rumen microbiome. Feedlot cattle are fed high concentrate diets which may result in subclinical and clinical acidosis due to dysbiosis. This can negatively affect the production and lead to morbidities and death. The alpha diversity of a microbiome population and the ratio of Proteobacteria towards Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have been known to indicate potential dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics on the alpha diversity and Proteobacteria ratio of the rumen microbiome of feedlot cattle during the finisher phase. Thirty-six Bonsmara bulls were randomly divided into three groups and fed for 120 days; a basal diet commonly fed in South African feedlots (CTR: control), the basal diet supplemented with monensin (30 mg/animal/day; MON) or a Bacillus-based probiotic (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis; Bovacillus, Chr. Hansen A/S at 2.75 g/animal/day; BOV). Four animals from each of the groups were randomly selected for rumen content collection during the finisher phase using a stomach tube. After DNA extraction was completed, 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4) was performed. Alpha diversity (Shannon) and the relative abundance of the phyla was determined using phyloseq with significance (p&lt; 0.05) determined with the Kruskal-Wallis test. In total, 41 300 ASVs and 10 phyla were identified. BOV had a significantly greater (p=0.023) alpha diversity compared with CTR and numerically greater compared with MON. The Proteobacteria ratio was greater than expected in all groups. However, the ratio was significantly less in BOV compared with CTR (p=0.028) and numerically less compared with MON. The results indicate that probiotic supplementation of feedlot cattle has the potential to stabilize the rumen microbiome by increasing the alpha diversity and decreasing the Proteobacteria ratio thereby preventing dysbiosis.
PSIX-7 Sorghum Silage: Effects of Processing on Performance of Backgrounding Beef Cattle
Authors: Abdelhadi Leandro O , Mattioli Guillermo , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of processing sorghum silage (SS) at harvest, on ADG, DMI and FE of beef heifers. We used 96 Angus heifers in a completely randomized design with 6 pens of 8 heifers per treatment. Mixed model of SAS was used, and the model included the fixed effect of treatment [SS processed (PRO) or not (NPR)] with initial BW used as covariate. Significance was declared at P&lt; 0.05. A dual-purpose sorghum (ADV2450IG, Advanta seeds, Irving, TX) was harvested (Claas Jaguar 930, Harsewinkel, Germany) at the late drought stage of grain maturity and PRO or NPR were obtained with a specific SS cracker (196 mm rolls of 125 teeth each, 40% speed differential, 1.1 mm roll gap). Each treatment was chopped at 15 mm theoretical length of cut and ensiled in polyethylene ag-bags (60 m long and 2.74 m diameter), for 45 d until starting the feeding trial. Two backgrounding diets containing (DM basis), 91.5% SS PRO or NPR (31.4±1.4% grain content on average), 6.5% soybean meal (expeller) and 3% supplement (ROC90, Provimi, Argentina); were offered for a 15 d of adaptation and 60 d of experimental period. Diets were adjusted daily to score 0.5, using the SDSU 4-point bunk scoring system and samples were taken for analyses (Rock River Laboratories, Argentina). Initial, middle and final BW was measured, while DMI was calculated from differences between DM offered and refused, within each pen. In conclusion, harvesting SS using a sorghum-specific cracker led to a 15 and 21% increase in ADG and FE, respectively, when SS was included in diets fed to backgrounding Angus heifers.
PSV-B-20 Effect of Physically Effective Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Undigested Neutral Detergent Fiber on Eating Behavior, Ruminal pH, Ruminal Motility, and Total Tract Permeability for Finishing Cattle
Authors: Pereira Murillo C , Franceschi Aniele B , Wood Katharine M , Yang WenZhu , Beauchemin Karen A , McAllister Timothy A , Penner Gregory B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF), and undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) on dry matter intake (DMI), eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and total tract permeability for finishing cattle. Simmental heifers (n=6; 667.8±28.4 kg) were used in a replicated 3×3 Latin square (21-d periods) balanced for carry-over effects. Barley grain-based diets were formulated to provide treatments with: low peNDF and low uNDF (95% barley and supplement, and 0% straw; 0FOR); low peNDF but high uNDF (85% barley and supplement, 10% pelleted straw; PEL); or high peNDF with high uNDF (85% barley and supplement, 10% chopped straw; ST). Treatment did not affect DMI (P=0.93). Heifers fed 0FOR spent less (P&lt; 0.01) time eating vs. ST, where PEL was intermediate. Time spent ruminating was greater (P=0.01) for ST than 0FOR, with PEL not differing. Heifers fed 0FOR had fewer meals/d than ST (P&lt; 0.01) and meal size was greater for 0FOR than PEL and ST (P&lt; 0.01). Feeding 0FOR reduced (P=0.02) mean ruminal pH (5.65 vs. 6.07) and increased (522 vs. 288 min/d, P=0.02) the duration that pH was &lt; 5.5 relative to ST with PEL being intermediate (5.82 and 504 min/d, respectively). Heifers fed 0FOR had greater (112.5 vs. 59.9 sec, P=0.05) time between contractions and lesser (61.45 vs. 94.58 mmHg′sec, P=0.05) contraction area compared with cattle fed ST, while PEL remained intermediate (76.73 sec and 73.29 mmHg×sec, respectively). Permeability of the gastrointestinal tract to Cr-EDTA and intestine to Co-EDTA did not differ (P≥0.11) among treatments. The data suggest that increasing uNDF improved ruminal function, but increasing uNDF with peNDF is needed to decrease the risk of ruminal acidosis in finishing cattle. The results further suggest that the use of uNDF and peNDF may provide useful information over NDF inclusion when evaluating fiber adequacy of finishing diets.
PSV-B-19 Effect of Phi-Chrome on Beef Cattle Feedlot Performance in Commercial Conditions in Mexico
Authors: Gorocica Milton , Meza Aaron , Martinez Eduardo , Hidalgo Jorge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An observational study was conducted to investigate the effect of Phi-Chrome (chromium propionate) on feedlot cattle performance in commercial conditions in Mexico. Performance data from 116 closeouts of pens involving 7,207 crossbred bulls (25% Bos taurus - 75% Bos indicus) fed 140 d with or without Phi-Chrome were collected from a feedlot located in central Mexico and analyzed; DMI, ADG, and FE of 58 closeouts collected over 2019 (control, 0 ppb Phi-Chrome) was contrasted with the performance of 58 closeouts collected over 2020 (Phi-Chrome, 500 ppb). Data were analyzed by linear mixed models, including fixed effects of treatment (Phi-Chrome; 0 vs. 500 ppb), season of year in which cattle started feeding (spring, summer, fall, and winter), interaction treatment × season, and average initial body weight as covariate (from 324 to 351 kg). The year was fitted as a random effect. There were no treatment × season significant interactions (P ≥ 0.117). Season and treatment main effects were significant (P ≤ 0.024) on DMI and FE and not significant (P ≥ 0.472) on ADG. Average initial body weight was significant (P ≤ 0.001) on ADG and FE, but not significant (P = 0.533) on DMI. The DMI was greater for closeouts of cattle without Phi-Chrome (9.40 kg•animal-1•d-1 for Phi-Chrome vs. 9.67 kg•animal-1•d-1 for control; P = 0.001). The ADG was not different between treatments (1.73 kg•d-1 for Phi-Chrome vs. 1.74 kg•d-1 for control; P = 0.472). The FE was better for closeouts of cattle fed with Phi-Chrome (Gain:Feed: 0.185 for Phi-Chrome vs. 0.180 for control; P = 0.013. Feed conversion ratio: 5.43 for Phi-Chrome vs. 5.56 for control; P = 0.021). This research study suggests that the feed efficiency of beef cattle in feedlot commercial conditions of Mexico is improved ~2.5% by feeding cattle with 500 ppb of Phi-Chrome.