bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait variation between and within Andes and coastal mountain ranges in the iconic South American treeAraucaria araucanain Chile
Authors: McIntosh Mariah , González-Campos Jorge , Demaree Patrick , Toro-Salamanca Omayra , Ipinza Roberto , Bustamante-Sánchez Marcela A. , Hasbún Rodrigo , Nelson Cara R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs global commitments to restoration are underway, science is needed to support capacity to achieve meaningful gains for ecosystems and human communities. In Chile, identification and generation of appropriate plant material is a barrier to achieving major restoration goals under the Paris Climate Agreement. Understanding genetic differentiation among plant populations is needed to maximize restoration success. ForAraucaria araucana, a highly threatened iconic South American tree, this information is greatly needed to guide restoration and conservation efforts because this species occurs across a strong climate gradient. We grew seedlings from 12 populations ofA. araucanaacross its range in Chile in a common garden to assess regional (coastal versus Andes mountain ranges) and population variation in key plant traits and relate this variation to environmental variables. We demonstrate thatA. araucanais differentiated within regions and populations across its range in Chile by a suite of traits, particularly branch number and length (showing plant architectural differences) and needle width (showing leaf investment differences). We show that this variation is at least partly explained by climate and soil variables, with the most variation explained by differences between regions in temperature annual range. Thus, we recommend that restoration efforts focus on conserving genetic variation among and within regions and their populations and preventing the translocations of genotypes between coastal and Andes populations.
The determination of induction motor losses in steel taking into account its saturation
Authors: Zagirnyak Mykhaylo , Ogar Vita , Chenchevoi Volodymyr , Yatsiuk Rostyslav 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to work out a method for calculating losses in induction motor steel taking into account its saturation.

Design/methodology/approach
The theory of electric machines is applied during the analysis of induction motor equivalent circuits. The theory of Fourier series is used to determine the harmonic components of voltage, current and power. Instantaneous power theory and trigonometric transformations are used to solve algebraic and differential equations and their systems. The methods of approximation and interpolation are applied to obtain analytical expressions from the experimental data. Experimental research was carried out to verify the reliability of theoretical provisions and research results.

Findings
A method for assessing an induction machine steel as a function of the generalized electromotive force has been proposed. It allows taking into account higher harmonics of the current, which are caused by the presence of nonlinearity of an induction motor magnetic circuit.

Practical implications
The obtained results can be used in calculating the energy characteristics and operating modes of an induction motor, as well as in the construction of control systems.

Originality/value
A method for determining the losses in the stator steel of an induction motor, using a generalized electromotive force, has been proposed for the first time. It enables taking into account the currents flowing both in the stator circuit and in the rotor circuit.
A model for mobile curation services in academic libraries
Authors: Yi Yong Jeong , Hwang Barun , Kim Donghun 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
To better respond to user needs for personalized information services in the context of academic libraries, this study aims at developing a prototype to provide mobile curation services by using the concept of content curation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a mobile application software development process, which consisted of five phases: user and organizational requirements, architecture design, navigation design, page design and implementation and usability testing. Usability testing was conducted with a total of 20 college students by online surveys at a university.

Findings
Meta-analysis identified key user needs: diversification of services, more personalized services, active communication with librarians, quality improvement of information and interface improvement. User and organizational requirements derived four main service modules – namely, Curation Services, Live Chat, My Page and My Log. Usability testing regarding ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction indicated that participants were satisfied with the prototype.

Research limitations/implications
The study extends the discussion of quality academic library services by introducing the concept of content curation that uses the advantages of mobile technologies to overcome existing limitations in library services insufficient for meeting individual user needs.

Originality/value
Although many studies have discussed mobile library services, few studies have focused on developing a system for such services. The model developed in the study fills the research gap. Above all, the key modules specified by the prototype – Curation Services, Live Chat, My Page and My Log services – are expected to improve existing research and learning support services currently offered by academic libraries.
Evaluating user susceptibility to phishing attacks
Authors: Das Sanchari , Nippert-Eng Christena , Camp L. Jean 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Phishing is a well-known cybersecurity attack that has rapidly increased in recent years. It poses risks to businesses, government agencies and all users due to sensitive data breaches and subsequent financial losses. To study the user side, this paper aims to conduct a literature review and user study.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate phishing attacks, the authors provide a detailed overview of previous research on phishing techniques by conducting a systematic literature review of n = 367 peer-reviewed academic papers published in ACM Digital Library. Also, the authors report on an evaluation of a high school community. The authors engaged 57 high school students and faculty members (12 high school students, 45 staff members) as participants in research using signal detection theory (SDT).

Findings
Through the literature review which goes back to as early as 2004, the authors found that only 13.9% of papers focused on user studies. In the user study, through scenario-based analysis, participants were tasked with distinguishing phishing e-mails from authentic e-mails. The results revealed an overconfidence bias in self-detection from the participants, regardless of their technical background.

Originality/value
The authors conducted a literature review with a focus on user study which is a first in this field as far the authors know. Additionally, the authors conducted a detailed user study with high school students and faculty using SDT which is also an understudied area and population.
Assessing the interconnectedness and systemic risk contagion in the Chinese banking network
Authors: Qi Ming , Shi Danyang , Feng Shaoyi , Wang Pei , Nnenna Amuji Bridget 
Published: January 2022

PurposeIn this paper, the authors use the balance sheet data to investigate the interconnectedness and risk contagion effects in China's banking sector. They firstly study the network structure and centrality of the interbank network. Then, they investigate how and to what extent the credit shock and liquidity shock can lead to the risk propagation in the banking network.Design/methodology/approachReferring to the theoretical framework by Haldane and May (2011), this paper uses the network topology theory to analyze the contagion mechanism of credit shock and liquidity shock. Centrality measures and log-log plot are used to evaluate the interconnectedness of China's banking network.FindingsThe network topology has shown clustering effects of large banks in China's financial network. If the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) is in distress, the credit shock has little impact on the Chinese banking sector. However, the liquidity shock has shown more substantial effects than that of the credit shock. The discount rate and the rollover ratio play significant roles in determining the contagion effects. If the credit shock and liquidity shock coincide, the contagion effects will be amplified.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this paper reveal the network structure of China's interbank market and the resilience of banking system to the adverse shock. The findings are valuable for regulators to make policies and supervise the systemic important banks.Originality/valueThe balance sheet data of different types of banks are used to construct a bilateral exposure matrix. Based on the matrix, this paper investigates the knock-on effects of credit shock triggered by the debt default in the interbank market, the knock-on effects of liquidity effects, which is featured by “fire sale” of bank assets, and the contagion effects of combined shocks.
The transformative and evolutionary approach of omnichannel in retail companies: insights from multi-case studies in Portugal
Authors: Barbosa Joana , Casais Beatriz 
Published: January 2022

PurposeOmnichannel implementation in retail requires business transformation and faces several operational barriers. This research discusses how omnichannel has been implemented, in a managerial perspective, and how integration of operations has overcome the identified transformative barriers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors followed a multi-case study approach, with observation and interviews with managers of four big retail companies in Portugal.FindingsThe results suggest that retail companies have overcome the barriers to implement omnichannel models through the integration of information technology (IT), the accomplishment of organisational changes and the optimisation of customer feedback, achieving positive business indicators, namely increased sales.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusions of the paper provide valuable information to help companies to design the process of channel's integration in order to overcome the transformative constraints of omnichannel. However, those conclusions emerge from Portuguese case studies of retail companies, and a generalised discussion should consider the contextual diversity of consumer expectations, cultural user experiences in retail and the maturity of digital transformation and omnichannel implementation stage in each country.Originality/valuePrevious studies had characterised the items of omnichannel retail, fulfilment processes, the benefits of channels' integration in customer experience, satisfaction and loyalty and had identified barriers for its implementation. Considering the existence of different stages of omnichannel implementation, this paper explores how retail companies increment omnichannel operations, overcome transformative barriers and achieve the omnichannel benefits, through the whole involvement of the organisation system, the customer approach and the business model, besides the technology integration.
A niche of their own: variations of information practices in biodiversity citizen science
Authors: Ekström Björn 
Published: January 2022

PurposeInformation practices become highly complex in biodiversity citizen science projects due to the projects’ large scale, distributed setting and vast inclusion of participants. This study aims to contribute to knowledge concerning what variations of information practices can be found in biodiversity citizen science and what these practices may mean for the overall collaborative biodiversity data production in such projects.Design/methodology/approachFifteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants engaged with the Swedish biodiversity citizen science information system Artportalen. The empirical data were analysed through a practice-theoretical lens investigating information practices in general and variations of practices in particular.FindingsThe analysis shows that the nexus of biodiversity citizen science information practices consists of observing, identifying, reporting, collecting, curating and validating species as well as decision-making. Information practices vary depending on participants’ technical know-how; knowledge production and learning; and preservation motivations. The study also found that reporting tools and field guides are significant for the formation of information practices. Competition was found to provide data quantity and knowledge growth but may inflict data bias. Finally, a discrepancy between practices of validating and decision-making have been noted, which could be mitigated by involving intermediary participants for mutual understandings of data.Originality/valueThe study places an empirically grounded information practice-theoretical perspective on citizen science participation, extending previous research seeking to model participant activities. Furthermore, the study nuances previous practice-oriented perspectives on citizen science by emphasising variations of practices.
Management beyond a critical threshold of employees: evidence-based HR solutions for SMEs
Authors: Chhinzer Nita 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis research identifies human resource (HR) management challenges and associated solutions of a medium-sized organization that reached a critical threshold of employees and required formalized HR systems. HR solutions focused on using labour efficiently, linking pay to performance and motivating or rewarding desired employee behaviour are identified.Design/methodology/approachThis case study involved HR data analysis and 50 semi-structured interviews (SSIs) over 4 successive phases: HR audit, problem identification and job description validation, solutions analysis and feedback on outcomes. Additionally, HR files and schedules were reviewed to determine labour usage, organizational structure and compensation.FindingsHR problems and solutions associated with job analysis (e.g. role identity, role conflict), HR planning (e.g. scheduling, motivation), employee performance management (e.g. validity, employee empowerment) and compensation (e.g. inequity, turnover intentions) issues are clearly identified.Research limitations/implicationsTraditionally, HR theory or concepts are presented in a limited or isolated manner. However, this research provides an integrative assessment of numerous interrelated, complex, core HR concepts including role conflict, equity, employee empowerment, motivation, consensus building, accountability, change champions, communication and coaching.Practical implicationsThis multi-phased, multi-stakeholder approach to small and medium enterprise (SME) management informs organizational leaders about HR problems and solutions they may encounter as they grow and require formalized HR systems. The proposed solutions can help safeguard organizational survival.Originality/valueThis research bridges HR theory with HR practices focusing specifically on SMEs. In addition, SMEs can benefit from the HR process information presented to conduct similar evidence-based HR problem and solution assessments.
How the health services research workforce supply in the United States is evolving
Authors: Frogner Bianca K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how the health services research (HSR) workforce supply in the United States has evolved over the last 5 years.Data SourcesMembership data of AcademyHealth participants, professional networking websites, PubMed, grant databases, and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System.Study DesignDescriptive study comparing size and characteristics of the HSR workforce and graduates identified across multiple data sources. Lists of authors and principal investigators (PIs) were merged and de‐duplicated to identify unique counts. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to compare characteristics between members and nonmembers of AcademyHealth.Data CollectionDownloaded files from websites and received survey data extracted by AcademyHealth between 2016 and 2020.Principal FindingsThe workforce size ranged from 9610 to 28,136, depending on data source. Common employers included universities, government settings, and health systems. Little overlap in employers existed for individuals with potentially competing skill sets. The HSR workforce appeared more diverse than the US adult population, with two to three times greater representation among Asian individuals yet lower representation among Black/African American (30%) and Hispanic (75%) individuals compared with the US population. Exactly 87,721 master's and 3105 doctoral degree graduates from core HSR fields were added over 5 years from public and not‐for‐profit institutions. Including for‐profit institution graduates increased the count by 15% for master's and 30% for doctoral graduates. Hispanic (any race), Black/African American, and multiracial individuals gained representation among core HSR graduates, with for‐profit institutions substantially contributing to the number of Black/African American graduates.ConclusionsThe HSR workforce is growing with increasing diversity among its graduates compared with previous studies. Additional work is needed to understand how employers value the contributions of those trained in HSR. Continued efforts are needed to ensure HSR workforce diversity to frame critical research questions and develop programs and policies that reflect the needs of the community.
Board busyness and corporate payout: are all busy directors the same?
Authors: Benson Bradley , Davidson Travis , James Hui , Wang Hongxia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate how board busyness affects corporate payout policies. We find that board busyness increases the propensity and the level of cash distribution to shareholders. The likelihood and the level of share repurchases increase with inside director busyness, while the propensity to pay dividends and the level of dividends increase with independent director busyness. Further analysis shows that SOX and the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act do not alter the positive association between busy independent directors and the likelihood of paying dividends, nor do these regulations change busy inside directors’ preference for repurchases.
The Mirror of the Dead: Thanatoptic Storytelling in an Italian Cemetery
Authors: Guano Emanuela 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAs the contemplation of death, thanatopsis attempts to come to terms with mortality; dark heritage and tourism have become the main conduits for this practice in the contemporary world. This paper draws on ethnographic research conducted in Genoa’s Staglieno monumental cemetery between 2016 and 2019 to examine the events—poetic readings, guided walking tours, and outdoor theater performances—that have become popular against the backdrop of the local tourist industry and its economy of cultural experiences. I explore the strategies through which the evocative power of storytelling promotes the contemplation of mortality. Drawing on Heidegger (1962), I argue that the narrations shared during these events grant the dead a temporary Dasein: a “being there” that interrupts the silence of death, even though only for a moment. The poets, volunteers, and theater troupes active in Staglieno use their storytelling practices as a narrative mirror through which they merge the spaces of life with those of death, thus providing their audiences with the opportunity to reflect upon their common humanity and shared mortality.
Transient increase in recurrent inhibition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a putative protection from neurodegeneration
Authors: Sangari Sina , Peyre Iseline , Lackmy‐Vallée Alexandra , Bayen Eléonore , Pradat Pierre‐François , Marchand‐Pauvert Véronique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimAdaptive mechanisms in spinal circuits are likely involved in homeostatic responses to maintain motor output in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Given the role of Renshaw cells in regulating the motoneuron input/output gain, we investigated the modulation of heteronymous recurrent inhibition.MethodsElectrical stimulations were used to activate recurrent collaterals resulting in the Hoffmann reflex depression. Inhibitions from soleus motor axons to quadriceps motoneurons, and vice versa, were tested in 38 patients and matched group of 42 controls.ResultsCompared with controls, the mean depression of quadriceps reflex was larger in patients, while that of soleus was smaller, suggesting that heteronymous recurrent inhibition was enhanced in quadriceps but reduced in soleus. The modulation of recurrent inhibition was linked to the size of maximal direct motor response and lower limb dysfunctions, suggesting a significant relationship with the integrity of the target motoneuron pool and functional abilities. No significant link was found between the integrity of motor axons activating Renshaw cells and the level of inhibition. Enhanced inhibition was particularly observed in patients within the first year after symptom onset and with slow progression of lower limb dysfunctions. Normal or reduced inhibitions were mainly observed in patients with motor weakness first in lower limbs and greater dysfunctions in lower limbs.ConclusionWe provide the first evidence for enhanced recurrent inhibition and speculate that Renshaw cells might have transient protective role on motoneuron by counteracting hyperexcitability at early stages. Several mechanisms likely participate including cortical influence on Renshaw cell and reinnervation by slow motoneurons.
Factors mediating exercise‐induced organ crosstalk
Authors: Sabaratnam Rugivan , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F. P. , Højlund Kurt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExercise activates a plethora of metabolic and signalling pathways in skeletal muscle and other organs causing numerous systemic beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, regular exercise may ameliorate and prevent the development of several chronic metabolic diseases. Skeletal muscle is recognized as an important endocrine organ regulating systemic adaptations to exercise. Skeletal muscle may mediate crosstalk with other organs through the release of exercise‐induced cytokines, peptides and proteins, termed myokines, into the circulation. Importantly, other tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue may also release cytokines and peptides in response to exercise. Hence, exercise‐released molecules are collectively called exerkines. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs), in the form of exosomes or microvesicles, may carry some of the signals involved in tissue crosstalk. This review focuses on the role of factors potentially mediating crosstalk between muscle and other tissues in response to exercise.