bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Fractures: Independent Prediction of Neurosurgical Intervention
Authors: Lucke-Wold Brandon , Pierre Kevin , Aghili-Mehrizi Sina , Murad Gregory Joseph Anatol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContext Over half of patients with facial fractures have associated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Based on force dynamic cadaveric studies, Le Fort type 2 and 3 fractures are associated with severe injury. Correlation to neurosurgical intervention is not well characterized.Aims This study characterizes fracture pattern types in patients requiring neurosurgical intervention and assesses whether this is different from those not requiring intervention.Settings and Design Retrospective data was collected from the trauma registry from 2010 to 2019.Methods and Materials Patients over 18 years, with confirmed facial fracture, reported TBI, available neuroimaging, and hospital admission were included.Statistical Analysis Retrospective contingency analysis with fraction of total comparison was used with chi-square analysis for demographic and injury characteristic data.Results Note that 1,001 patients required no neurosurgical intervention and 171 required intervention. The intervention group had a significantly greater number of patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 8 compared with the nonintervention group. Subset analysis revealed a twofold increase in Le Fort type 2 fractures and notable increase in Le Fort type 3 and panfacial fractures in the intervention group. Patients requiring craniectomy, craniotomy, or burr holes were much more likely to have Le Fort type 2 or 3 fractures compared with those only requiring external ventricular drains or intracranial pressure monitoring. Subset analysis accounting for GCS supported these results.Conclusion Le Fort type 2 and type 3 fractures are significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. An improved algorithm for managing these patients has been proposed in the discussion. Ongoing work will focus on validating and refining the algorithm to improve patient care.
Thermal stability and bonding interface in Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding on nano-twinned copper
Authors: Ou Jou-Chun , Tsai Yi-Yun , Lin Ting-Chun , Kao Chin-Li , Hsiao Shih-Chieh , Huang Fei-Ya , Kuo Jui-Chao 
Published: June 2022

Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding has been developed for the application of heterogeneous bond interfaces in 3D integrated circuits in which thermal stability and bonding behavior are important. Thus, nano-twinned Cu (NT-Cu) is selected as the bonding material, and the thermal stability of NT-Cu and the bonding behavior of the interface between NT-Cu are investigated using a scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, and focused ion beam. In addition to the microstructure analysis, nano-indentation and nano-scratch are employed to characterize the mechanical properties of the matrix and the interface between NT-Cu. As the bonding temperature increases from 200 to 300 °C for NT-Cu, the average grain sizes increase from 0.64 to 0.87 µm, and the rate of grain coarsening increases from 0.14 to 0.25 µm/h1/2. In addition, the fraction of voids at the bonding interface for NT-Cu interconnects decreases from 0.814% to 0.005%, and the penetration depth increases from 228 to 745 nm with an increase in the temperature from 200 to 300 °C. The hardness of the bonding interface obtained by nano-scratch and nano-indentation array testing is ∼1.8 GPa.
A dual LC resonant circuit integrated wireless passive force and temperature sensor for harsh-environment applications
Authors: Kou Hairong , Yang Libo , Zhang Xiaoyong , Shang Zhenzhen , Shi Junbing , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a dual inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit integrated wireless and passive force and temperature sensor for the simultaneous measurement of force and temperature in high-temperature environments. The sensor is fabricated by a two-step process: the preparation of the Al2O3 substrate and the fabrication of the dual LC sensor with Ag paste using screen-printing technology and metallization. The variation in ambient force and temperature can be detected wirelessly by extracting the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The sensor can work in the force range of 0–10 N and temperature range of 25–500 °C with a maximum force sensitivity of 107 kHz/N at 500 °C and temperature sensitivity of 21.7 kHz/°C. To precisely measure the force, the temperature compensation method is proposed. The sensor has the advantages of low cost, simple fabrication and test, and high stability and repeatability, which are promising for the force and temperature application on the engine turbine blade in high-temperature environments.
Separations of romantic relationships are experienced differently by initiators and noninitiators
Authors: Brüning Max 
Published: June 2022

Significance
In economic and sociological theory of divorce, the link between divorce consequences and the decision to divorce is central: A couple divorces if at least one spouse expects to improve their life by initiating divorce. The present study provides empirical evidence in support of this theoretical link: Separation initiators become better off in terms of subjective well-being after a separation, whereas noninitiators become worse off, before they eventually experience a full recovery. Because separations are predominantly initiated by only one partner, this finding suggests that one partner typically benefits from the separation (the initiator), while the other is disadvantaged (the noninitiator). Accordingly, analyses of average divorce trajectories convey only limited information about the causal effects of divorce on individuals’ well-being.
Racial capitalism and capitalism in Africa: the utility and limits of Cedric Robinson’s perspective
Authors: Miapyen Buhari Shehu , Bozkurt Umut 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
This debate discusses the analytical utility of Cedric Robinson’s perspective on capitalism and its mode of accumulation in Africa. It identifies the important uses of Robinson’s approach and the concept of racialism. The debate also explores a major limitation of his framing of the effects of capitalism in Europe and the world beyond it.
New Simulations of the X-Ray Spectra and Polarizations of Accretion-disk Corona Systems with Various Geometrical Configurations I. Model Description
Authors: Yang Xiao-Lin , Wang Jian-Cheng , Yang Chu-Yuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Energetic X-ray radiations emitted from various accretion systems are widely considered to be produced by Comptonization in the hot corona. The corona and its interaction with the disk play an essential role in the evolution of the system and are potentially responsible for many observed features. However, many intrinsic properties of the corona are still poorly understood, especially for the geometrical configurations. The traditional spectral fitting method is not powerful enough to distinguish various configurations. In this paper, we intend to investigate the possible configurations by modeling the polarization properties of X-ray radiations. The geometries of the corona include the slab, sphere and cylinder. The simulations are implemented through the publicly available code, Lemon, which can deal with the polarized radiative transfer and different electron distributions readily. The results demonstrate clearly that the observed polarizations are dependent heavily on the geometry of the corona. The slab-like corona produces the highest polarization degrees (PDs), followed by the cylinder and sphere. One of the interesting things is that the PDs first increase gradually and then decrease with the increase of photon energy. For slab geometry, there exists a zero-point where the polarization vanishes and the polarization angle (PA) rotates by 90°. These results may potentially be verified by the upcoming missions for polarized X-ray observations, such as IXPE and eXTP.
Detecting the meteoroid by measuring the electromagnetic waves excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft
Authors: LIU Bo , ZHANG Heng , XU Bin , MA Zhengzheng , LI Hui , DUAN Wenshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between a hypervelocity meteoroid and a spacecraft is studied both numerically and theoretically. It is found that there are two kinds of electromagnetic pulse. The high-frequency electromagnetic pulse may be excited by the sum of all the electric dipoles. Each electron can be considered as an electric dipole. The low-frequency electromagnetic pulse is produced by the Langmuir oscillation of electrons. The energy flux density and the duration time of the excited low-frequency electromagnetic pulse by the meteoroid are also studied in the present paper. It is shown that the energy flux density increases as either the impact speed or the mass of the meteoroid increases. It is also shown that the duration time decreases as both the impact speed and the mass of the meteoroid increase. By measuring the strength and the duration time of the electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft, we can estimate the speed and the mass of the hypervelocity meteoroid, which will be helpful in space flight and space exploration.
NetQASM—a low-level instruction set architecture for hybrid quantum–classical programs in a quantum internet
Authors: Dahlberg Axel , van der Vecht Bart , Delle Donne Carlo , Skrzypczyk Matthew , te Raa Ingmar , Kozlowski Wojciech , Wehner Stephanie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We introduce NetQASM, a low-level instruction set architecture for quantum internet applications. NetQASM is a universal, platform-independent and extendable instruction set with support for local quantum gates, powerful classical logic and quantum networking operations for remote entanglement generation. Furthermore, NetQASM allows for close integration of classical logic and communication at the application layer with quantum operations at the physical layer. This enables quantum network applications to be programmed in high-level platform-independent software, which is not possible using any other QASM variants. We implement NetQASM in a series of tools to write, parse, encode and run NetQASM code, which are available online. Our tools include a higher-level software development kit (SDK) in Python, which allows an easy way of programming applications for a quantum internet. Our SDK can be used at home by making use of our existing quantum simulators, NetSquid and SimulaQron, and will also provide a public interface to hardware released on a future iteration of Quantum Network Explorer.
Supersingular loci from traces of Hecke operators
Authors: Gomez Kevin , Lakein Kaya , Larsen Anne 
Published: June 2022

A classical observation of Deligne shows that, for any prime

p
≥
5

p \geq 5

, the divisor polynomial of the Eisenstein series

E

p
−
1

(
z
)

E_{p-1}(z)

mod

p
p

is closely related to the supersingular polynomial at

p
p

,

S
p

(
x
)
≔

∏

E

/

F

¯

p

supersingular

(
x
−
j
(
E
)
)

∈

F

p

[
x
]
.

\begin{align*} S_p(x) ≔\prod _{E/\overline {\mathbb {F}}_p \text { supersingular}}(x-j(E))\,\, \in \mathbb {F}_p[x]. \end{align*}

Deuring, Hasse, and Kaneko and Zagier [Supersingular j-invariants, hypergeometric series, and Atkin’s orthogonal polynomials, Providence, RI, 1998, pp. 97–126] found other families of modular forms which also give the supersingular polynomial at

p
p

. In a new approach, we prove an analogue of Deligne’s result for the Hecke trace forms

T
k

(
z
)

T_k(z)

defined by the Hecke action on the space of cusp forms

S
k

S_k

. We use the Eichler-Selberg trace formula to identify congruences between trace forms of different weights mod

p
p

, and then relate their divisor polynomials to

S
p

(
x
)

S_p(x)

using Deligne’s observation.
Benchmarking Observational Analyses Before Using Them to Address Questions Trials Do Not Answer: An Application to Coronary Thrombus Aspiration
Authors: Matthews Anthony A , Dahabreh Issa J , Fröbert Ole , Lindahl Bertil , James Stefan , Feychting Maria , Jernberg Tomas , Berglund Anita , Hernán Miguel A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To increase confidence in the use of observational analyses when addressing effectiveness questions beyond those addressed by randomized trials, one can first benchmark the observational analyses against existing trial results. We used Swedish registry data to emulate a target trial similar to the Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) randomized trial, which found no difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction by 1 year with or without thrombus aspiration among individuals with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We benchmarked the emulation against the trial at 1 year and then extended the emulation’s follow-up to 3 years and estimated effects in subpopulations underrepresented in the trial. As in the TASTE trial, the observational analysis found no differences in risk of outcomes by 1 year between groups (risk difference = 0.7 (confidence interval, −0.7, 2.0) and −0.2 (confidence interval, −1.3, 1.0) for death and myocardial infarction, respectively), so benchmarking was considered successful. We additionally showed no difference in risk of death or myocardial infarction by 3 years, or within subpopulations by 1 year. Benchmarking against an index trial before using observational analyses to answer questions beyond those the trial could address allowed us to explore whether the observational data can be trusted to deliver valid estimates of treatment effects.
Polyamine metabolism and transport in gut microbes
Authors: Kurihara Shin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are compounds with amino groups at both ends of a hydrocarbon. Polyamines produced by intestinal bacteria suppress chronic inflammation and enhance the intestinal barrier in the colon, and are also transferred into the blood via the colonic epithelium, resulting in significant improvement of host cognitive performance and life extension in mice. Upregulation of polyamine production by gut microbes can help compensate for aging-associated decrease in polyamine content through the uptake of intestinal luminal polyamine, thereby extending healthy life expectancy of the host.
This review summarizes recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in gut microbes, with particular reference to Escherichia coli and the most predominant species of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we describe polyamine production by a novel hybrid system comprised of multiple gut microbes, as well as from high-polyamine-producing lactic acid bacteria derived from fermented foods.
transferGWAS: GWAS of images using deep transfer learning
Authors: Kirchler Matthias , Konigorski Stefan , Norden Matthias , Meltendorf Christian , Kloft Marius , Schurmann Claudia , Lippert Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationMedical images can provide rich information about diseases and their biology. However, investigating their association with genetic variation requires non-standard methods. We propose transferGWAS, a novel approach to perform genome-wide association studies directly on full medical images. First, we learn semantically meaningful representations of the images based on a transfer learning task, during which a deep neural network is trained on independent but similar data. Then, we perform genetic association tests with these representations.ResultsWe validate the type I error rates and power of transferGWAS in simulation studies of synthetic images. Then we apply transferGWAS in a genome-wide association study of retinal fundus images from the UK Biobank. This first-of-a-kind GWAS of full imaging data yielded 60 genomic regions associated with retinal fundus images, of which 7 are novel candidate loci for eye-related traits and diseases.Availability and implementationOur method is implemented in Python and available at https://github.com/mkirchler/transferGWAS/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intraperitoneal microbial contamination drives post-surgical peritoneal adhesions by mesothelial EGFR-signaling
Authors: Zindel J , Keogh-Stroka D , Candinas D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Abdominal surgeries are lifesaving procedures but can be complicated by the formation of peritoneal adhesions, intra-abdominal scars that cause intestinal obstruction, pain, infertility, and significant health costs. Despite this burden, the mechanisms underlying adhesion formation remain unclear and no cure exists. Here, ask how contamination of gut microbes influences post-surgical adhesion formation.

Methods
We make use of an experimental mouse model that allows to investigate how wound repair and adhesion formation differs between sterile injury vs. sterile injury in combination with microbial contamination. We use genetic lineage tracing, bulk- and single-cell RNA-Sequencing to identify potential mechanisms of the observed differences. Next, we use two human cohort studies to confirm the target identified by RNA-Sequencing. Finally, the identified targets are experimentally confirmed by going back to the mouse model.

Results
We show that adhesion myofibroblasts arise from the mesothelium. This transformation is driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, are sufficient to induce these changes. Correspondingly, EGFR inhibition leads to a significant reduction of adhesion formation in mice. Adhesions isolated from human patients are enriched in EGFR positive cells of mesothelial origin and human mesothelium shows an increase of mesothelial EGFR expression during bacterial peritonitis.

Conclusion
Bacterial contamination drives adhesion formation through mesothelial EGFR signaling. This mechanism may represent a therapeutic target for the prevention of adhesions after intra-abdominal surgery.
Derivation of thyroid progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Posabella A , Undeutsch H J , Alber A B , Kurmann A , Droeser R , Hollenberg A , Kotton D N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Despite the availability of synthetic thyroid hormone for therapeutic use, a significant number of patients with hypothyroidism do not feel well on replacement doses of thyroid hormones suggesting that better-individualized therapy is needed. For this reason, hypothyroidism resulting from congenital lack of functional thyrocytes, surgical tissue removal, or gland ablation, represents a particularly attractive endocrine disease target that may be conceivably cured by transplantation of long-lived functional thyroid progenitors or mature follicular epithelial cells.

Methods
To generate thyroid follicular progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we sought to develop a directed differentiation approach by activating or inhibiting endogenous developmental signaling pathways previously identified in the mouse. To facilitate tracking and purification of candidate human thyroid progenitors, we engineered a hiPSC-line carrying a tdTomato reporter targeted to the PAX8 locus and a GFP reporter targeted to the NKX2-1 locus.

Results
We adapted our published in vitro differentiation protocol previously used to differentiate mouse PSCs into thyroid progenitors and observed tdTomato/GFP co-expressing cells first emerging from our hiPSC line by day 12 of culture and persisting for at least 2 months of further culture in thyroid maturation media, supplemented with TSH. Thus, we profiled all cells deriving from hiPSCs by single-cell RNA sequencing &gt;6,000 cells captured on days 12 and 29 of in vitro differentiation. At day 12, tdTomato/GFP co-expression was observed in 12% of all cells and these cells appeared to be early thyroid follicular progenitors as they uniquely co-expressed the tetrad of thyroid lineage selective transcription factors, NKX2-1, PAX8, FOXE1, and HHEX. By day 29 tdTomato+/GFP+ cells represented 69% of all cells and had upregulated TG, TSHR, NIS and TPO expression in addition to the previously described four thyroid lineage markers, suggesting time-dependent differentiation and maturation of thyroid follicular epithelial cells.

Conclusion
Thus, we have employed a novel hiPSC line to optimize a protocol able to generate human thyroid progenitors and mature follicular epithelial cells, representing a purifiable source of human thyroid lineage cells whose functional and thyroid reconstituting potential can be tested in vivo in animal models of hypothyroidism.
Outer membrane vesicles as carriers for bacterial extracellular ATP modulate local and remote inflammation in peritoneal sepsis
Authors: Spari D , Schmid A , Murugan S , Salm L , Stroka D , Candinas D , Beldi G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may be released to the extracellular space and activate specific purinergic receptors to modulate inflammatory responses. In addition to eukaryotes, ATP is also released by bacteria. This bacterial extracellular ATP (eATP) subsequently may act as an inter-kingdom signaling molecule between bacteria and its host. How ATP is secreted by bacteria and its consequences in systemic infection such as sepsis remains unclear. This study aims to determine how ATP is secreted by bacteria and to elucidate its interaction with the host immune system in a model of peritoneal sepsis.

Methods
Bacteria from septic patients were isolated from peritoneal washes. Peritoneal sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Peritoneal fluid was collected, (an)aerobically plated and colonies were identified by 16S-sequencing. EATP was periodically measured from bacteria culture supernatant using a luciferin-luciferase assay. Bacteria in culture were counted by plating and the amount of live/dead bacteria was assessed using flow cytometry. To specifically assess the role of bacterial eATP in vivo, E. coli K-12 BW25113 parental strain from the keio collection was used, transformed with a plasmid coding for an apyrase and i.p. injected. Furthermore, a hypervesiculation mutant of this keio collection was used to collect outer membrane vesicles (OMV). These OMV were then loaded with ATP using electroporation and injected i.p in mice.

Results
All bacteria that were isolated from human or mouse peritoneal washes were able to secrete ATP in a growth-phase dependent manner in vitro. In addition to passive release by dying bacteria, we have identified that the amount of eATP is connected with the formation of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) as shown by the E. coliΔtolB hypervesiculation mutant. Whole bacterial eATP led to a significant worse outcome in mice suffering from peritoneal sepsis. In addition, bacterial eATP specifically delivered via OMV worsened septic outcome as well, critically modulating neutrophil recruitment. At the infection site, ATP-loaded OMV led to an impaired recruitment of neutrophils whereas in the lung they led to an elevated infiltration.

Conclusion
OMV serve as a carrier of bacterial wall LPS on its surface as well as bacterial eATP as its content and specifically alter the outcome during sepsis influencing neutrophils locally as well as at remote sites.