bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Assessment of Wheat and Buckwheat Sprouting Process
Authors: Zenkova Mariya , Melnikova Ludmila 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Sprouted grain can cause food poisoning, since inappropriate conditions can promote the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on the grain surface. As a result, products of long-term storage use thermally-treated sprouted grain, the parameters of which depend on the initial bacteria content. There are different ways to reduce bacterial contamination of sprouted grain, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Natural substances with antimicrobial properties, such as medicinal herbs, can serve as decontaminators. However, no scientific research has been performed so far to determine the exact temperature of grain sprouting to minimize its microbiological contamination. The research objective was to investigate the effect of antimicrobial agents and sprouting conditions on the microflora of wheat and buckwheat grain.
Study objects and methods. The study featured wheat grain and green buckwheat grain. A set of experiments was performed to define the effect of antimicrobial agents and sprouting conditions on the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM), molds, and yeasts. During sprouting at 10–30°C for 90 h, the grain was irrigated with distilled water, potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4), calendula infusion, and celandine i nfusion. QMAFAnM and the count of molds and yeasts were determined by standard methods; the qualitative analysis of the microflora was based on their morphological and cultural characteristics.
Results and discussion. Microflora development during sprouting of wheat and buckwheat grains was controlled by selecting appropriate conditions and grain treatment methods. The herbal infusions for sprouting reduced the total microbial insemination of grain during sprouting by 52–68%; the calendula infusion reduced the contamination with molds by 47–51%, yeasts – by 100%.
Conclusion. The research revealed the total microbial count and the count of mold and yeast colonies in dry sprouted grain. The optimal temperature of sprouting wheat and buckwheat was 20 ± 2°C in the infusion of medicinal herbs: it minimized the microflora of sprouted grain and reduced the sprouting time to 46 h. Calendula infusion could be recommended for commercial use in order reduce the microbiological contamination of sprouted grain. The initial microbial population of the product was found to affect the mode of heat treatment in long-term storage products.
Granulated Sugar-Containing Functional Products in Jelly Fillings
Authors: Slavyanskiy Anatoliy , Gribkova Vera , Nikolaeva Natalia , Mitroshina Daria 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Iodine is one of the most important elements for maintaining human health and cognitive skills. Contemporary food industry is looking for new functional foods fortified with macro- and micronutrients. Confectionery products occupy a fairly large segment of human diet. The present research objective was to substitute traditional white sugar with an experimental granulated sugar-containing product that contained maltodextrin, cane molasses, and Japanese kelp extract. This substitute could reduce the calorie content of jelly and increase its functional properties while maintaining its sensory profile, e.g. consistency, increasing its shelf-life, and simplifying the tec hnological process.
Study objects and methods. Granulated sugar-containing product is a new component for the confectionery industry, but its effect on technological processes is unpredictable. The research featured an experimental granulated sugar-containing product with maltodextrin, cane molasses, and Japanese kelp. The growth rate of granules and their structure were studied by scanning microscopy and radiography, the granulometric composition and solubility – by determining the relative dissolution rate, the effect of the granulated sugar-containing product on the sensory and physicochemical parameters of jelly – by refractometry and titrometry.
Results and discussion. The experimental granulated sugar-containing product contained sucrose both in crystalline and amorphous state, which affected the distribution of nutrients within the product. The growth rate of granules affected the resulting structure of the product and its solubility, which decreased by 2.5 times as the size of the granules grew. The dissolution rate decreased compared to crystalline sugar. As a result, the technological process of jelly production had to be adjusted. The developed jelly had a lower energy value and better nutritional qualities. The high content of vitamins and macro- and microelements makes it a functional product. The experimental jelly received 22.3 points for sensory profile. Its hysico-chemical parameters (soluble solids < 68%, acidity > 2.2 8%) met the standard requirements for this type of product.
Conclusion. The new granulated sugar-containing product simplified the technological process and improved the sanitary, hygienic, and working conditions.
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, Indispensable Players in Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Banerjee Rajat , Bhowal Pratyasha , Karmakar Priyanka Biswas , Dey Debkanya , Manna Riya , Roy Debraj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:Being an essential enzyme in protein synthesis, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) have a conserved function throughout evolution. However, research has uncovered altered expressions as well as interactions of aaRSs, in league with aaRS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs), forming a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) and divulging into their roles outside the range of protein synthesis. In this review, we have directed our focus into the rudimentary structure of this compact association and also how these aaRSs and AIMPs are involved in the maintenance and progression of lung cancer, the principal cause of most cancer-related deaths. There is substantial validation that suggests the crucial role of these prime housekeeping proteins in lung cancer regulation. Here, we have addressed the biological role that the three AIMPs and the aaRSs play in tumorigenesis, along with an outline of the different molecular mechanisms involved in the same. In conclusion, we have introduced the potentiality of these components as possible therapeutics for the evolution of new-age treatments of lung tumorigenesis.
Correlation of Indeterminate Lesions of COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected
on Computed Tomography with RT-PCR Results
Authors: Aydin Nevin , Cihan Çağatay , Us Tercan , Öz Yasemin , Öztunalı Çiğdem , Yılmaz Şenay , Alataş Füsun , Erginel Sinan , Kurt Emel , Ak Güntülü , Yıldırım Hüseyin 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The typical findings of COVID-19 pneumonia include multilobar groundglass
opacities and consolidation areas observed predominantly in the basal and peripheral parts of
both lungs in computed tomography.

Objective:
The current study aimed to correlate indeterminate lesions of COVID-19 pneumonia detected
on computed tomography with the results of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) test.

Methods:
Patients with high-resolution computed tomography images that were reported to contain
indeterminate lesions in terms of COVID-19 pneumonia were included retrospectively in the study.
The lesions were categorized and the patterns were classified. The RT-PCR-positive and the RTPCR-
negative patients were compared. P<0.05 was accepted as the statistical significance limit.

Results:
The RT-PCR-positive patients exhibited a higher rate of peripheral lesions. Limited consolidation
areas were not detected in the RT-PCR-positive patients. In the RT-PCR-negative patients,
the rates of acinar nodules and the tree-in-bud pattern were significantly higher. The RTPCR-
negative patients had higher nodular contour features and lesion coalescence. In the subgroup
consisting of lesions with ground-glass opacities and/or ground-glass opacity around the nodule,
the rate of nodular contour positivity was significantly higher in the RT-PCR- positive patients.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 pneumonia should be suspected when peripheral indeterminate lesions are
detected. When indeterminate lesions, such as tree-in-bud pattern, acinar nodules and limited consolidation
area are detected, alternative diagnoses should be considered first, even if there are
ground glass opacities accompanying these lesions.
Efficacy of VERIGENE® Blood Culture Assays in Accurately and Rapidly
Detecting Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Pathogens
Authors: Guevara Roberto , Davis Monique G. , Davis Michelle A. , Ahmed Sara , Shah Sidra , Cuaron Karla , Antony Suresh J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Rapid administration of appropriately indicated antibiotics is crucial in septic
patients. Sepsis data supports that there is a higher risk of mortality for each hour delay from triage to
antibiotic therapy, as well as for inappropriate antibiotic selection. There are a variety of rapid microbial
detection systems, such as VERIGENE®, used in acute care facilities to rapidly detect bacteremia
and identify resistance markers. Our study investigates the usefulness of VERIGENE® assays in accurately
detecting Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens when compared to traditional blood culture
analysis systems, such as VITEK®.

Methods:
819 Gram-positive and 373 Gram-negative blood samples were collected and tested using
both VERIGENE® and VITEK®. Statistical tests were two-tailed and observations were defined as
statistically significant if P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
VERIGENE® detected a pathogen in 816/819 (99.6%) samples of the Gram-positive blood
cultures and 367/373 (98.3%) samples of the Gram-negatives compared to 805/819 (98.3%) and
367/373 (98.4%), respectively, using VITEK®. Gram-positive cultures had a sensitivity of 99.5% and a
specificity of 27.3% (PPV 99.0%, NPV 42.9%, 98.7% accuracy) with VERIGENE analysis. Gramnegatives
had a sensitivity of 99.2% and a specificity of 20.0% (PPV 98.9%, NPV 25.0%, 98.4% accuracy).

Conclusions:
Although statistically insignificant (P = 0.25), VERIGENE® was 1.3% more likely to
identify Gram-positive bacteria when compared to conventional methods. Overall, we concluded that
VERIGENE® assays are valuable in their ability to rapidly detect microorganisms and resistance markers,
given their high sensitivities. This allows for select targeted therapy in patients with sepsis and can
ultimately reduce mortality rates.
Colonização nasal e em orofaringe por Staphylococcus aureus em crianças e adolescentes de um bairro do município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Jefferson Nilton Silva , Alves Sabrina Santos , Novais André Brito , Vieira Verônica Cheles , Dos Santos Milena Soares 
Published: January 2022

Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria Gram-positiva que habita a cavidade nasal de cerca de 30% da população saudável. A resistência aos antimicrobianos tem emergido na comunidade e se tornado uma preocupação global. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar prevalência de colonização nasal e de orofaringe causada por este patógeno em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis de uma comunidade na cidade de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia e avaliar a frequência de isolados resistentes aos antimicrobianos. Trata-se de estudo transversal, conduzido através de investigação epidemiológica e laboratorial a partir de entrevistas e obtenção de swabs de secreção nasal e de orofaringe. A identificação microbiológica foi realizada por métodos convencionais e o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana por disco-difusão. O programa EpiInfo Windows versão 3.5.4 foi utilizado para análise estatística dos dados. Identificou-se prevalência de 73,1% para colonização por S.aureus em amostra nasal e/ou orofaringe e de 31,2% em ambos os sítios anatômicos. Entre os isolados de amostra nasal, 26,7% apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano e 6,7% foram resistentes à meticilina. Para amostras de orofaringe, identificou-se 35,3% de não susceptibilidade à eritromicina. Foi observada alta taxa de colonização nasal e orofaríngea por S. aureus entre os participantes analisados. Dessa forma, destacamos a importância do contínuo monitoramento deste patógeno e de suas variantes resistentes na comunidade.
Tricyclic antipsychotics and antidepressants can inhibit α5-containing GABAA receptors by two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Bampali Konstantina , Koniuszewski Filip , Silva Luca , Rehman Sabah , Vogel Florian , Seidel Thomas , Scholze Petra , Zirpel Florian , Garon Arthur , Langer Thierry , Willeit Matthäus , Ernst Margot 
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Many psychotherapeutic drugs, including
clozapine, display polypharmacology and act on GABA
receptors. Patients with schizophrenia show alterations in function,
structure and molecular composition of the hippocampus, and a recent
study demonstrated aberrant levels of hippocampal a5 subunit-containing
GABA receptors. The purpose of this study is to
investigate tricyclic compounds in a5 subunit-containing receptor
subtypes.
Experimental Approach: Functional studies of effects by seven
antipsychotic and antidepressant medications were performed in several
GABA receptor subtypes by two‐electrode voltage‐clamp
electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Computational
structural analysis was employed to design mutated constructs of the a5
subunit, probing a novel binding site. Radioligand displacement data
complemented the functional and mutational findings.
Key Results: We show that the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and
chlorpromazine exert functional inhibition on multiple
GABA receptor subtypes, including a5-containing ones.
Based on a chlorpromazine binding site observed in a GABA-gated
bacterial homologue, we identified a novel site in a5
GABA receptor subunits and demonstrate differential
usage of this and the orthosteric sites by these ligands.
Conclusion and Implications: Despite high molecular and
functional similarities among the tested ligands, they reduce GABA
currents by differential usage of allosteric and orthosteric sites. The
C C C C C C site we describe here is a new potential target for
optimizing antipsychotic medications with beneficial polypharmacology.
Further studies in defined subtypes are needed to substantiate
mechanistic links between the therapeutic effects of clozapine and its
action on certain GABA receptor subtypes.
Integrasi Media Berbasis Peta Persebaran Candi Hindu-Budha Di Tulungagung Dengan Pendekatan Kontruktivisme Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Tricahyono Danan , Musadad Akhmad Arif , Rejekiningsih Triana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
History learning should be done creatively and innovatively that interests students. This research provides an alternative framework for historical learning by packaging materials spreading Hindu-Buddhist temples in Tulungagung with a constructivism approach. This study uses the literature study method. The data source comes from books, articles, and research report results that fit the topic. Various library materials are processed, identified, analyzed, and reflected to create new findings. As a result, there are seven temple sites in Tulungagung Regency, namely Boyolangu Temple, Sanggrahan Temple, Meja Temple, Dadi Temple, Mirigambar Temple, Ampel Temple, and Penampihan Temple. The material of the distribution of temples in Tulungagung can be used as the content of learning media. Implementation of learning media is integrated with the constructivism approach through the learning cycle model. Stages of the learning cycle include discovery, concept recognition, and concept application. In conclusion, the integration of local history materials can strengthen student's local historical awareness.
Keywords: learning, history, temple, Tulungagung, constructivism

Abstrak
Pembelajaran sejarah seharusnya dilakukan secara kreatif dan inovatif yang menarik minat siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif kerangka pembelajaran sejarah melalui pengemasan materi persebaran candi Hindu-Buddha di Tulungagung dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Sumber data berasal dari buku, artikel dan hasil laporan penelitian yang sesuai dengan topik. Berbagai bahan pustaka diproses, diidentifikasi, dianalisis dan direfleksikan sehingga tercipta temuan baru. Hasilnya terdapat tujuh situs candi di Kabupaten Tulungagung yaitu Candi Boyolangu, Candi Sanggrahan, Candi Meja, Candi Dadi, Candi Mirigambar, Candi Ampel, dan Candi Penampihan. Materi persebaran candi di Tulungagung dapat digunakan sebagai isi dari media pembelajaran. Implementasi media pembelajaran terintegrasi dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme melalui model siklus belajar. Tahapan siklus belajar meliputi discovery (penemuan), pengenalan konsep, dan aplikasi konsep. Kesimpulannya integrasi materi sejarah lokal dapat menguatkan kesadaran sejarah lokal siswa.
Kata Kunci: pembelajaran, sejarah, candi , Tulungagung, konstruktivisme
Formal instruction by Song for English Learners in SMP IT Darul Hasan while Pandemic Era
Authors: Muhriza Fatma 
Published: January 2022

This research was examined to help the English teacher in Junior high school especially, while pandemic Covid-19 more dilate over the world. The pandemic that has hit the world in the last 3 years, it gas given much attention from all elements in the world generally, the side of education do need new innovations to keep advancing the target of education, so one of thing teachers do at SMP IT Darul Hasan Kota Padangsidimpuan to overcome the problem have tried carry out formal instruction in achieving good English grammar according to their target and age, namely through songs with grammar elements according to the lesson curriculum in social media flat form. This research have done for treat in 7 class SMP IT Darul Hasan Kota Padangsidimpuan that consist of 25 students randomly. The three classes have a different acquisition in English subject, again which the students in 7d, 7e, and 7f. So, in my conclusion that formal instruction by song in Junior high school SMP IT Darul Hasan Kota Padangsidimpuan has given a positive effect.
“Wegoquiz” to Improve Students’ English Achievement
Authors: Lilisuryani Lilisuryani 
Published: January 2022

Pandemic began to enter this country around March 2020. Since then, almost all teachers, students and schools were shocked by the very sudden change. Online learning becomes one of the solution in learning.However, many students could not follow this online learning well. Therefore, the teachers have to be very careful in choosing and planning online learning media for teaching otherwise the result would be dissatisfying. This paper reports a best practice on the use of “wegoquiz”media in improving the students’ English achievement at SMAN 1 Batang Anai. It is a combination of three media in online learning. The three media are learning website with google site, google meet and quizziz. These media were used to the third year students in the first semester of 2021/2022 academic year. The result shows that by using “wegoquiz”,the students’engagement in learning process is improving a lot. They learned using the website, they attended google meet and they did the quizziz several times. As a result, their English achievement is also improving significantly.
TRANSLATION METHOD USED IN DELI MALAY AND SERDANG MALAY FOLKLORES FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH
Authors: RESTIKA RIA , SIREGAR MASITOWARNI , SINAGA LIDIMAN SAHAT M 
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the many types of translation methods, how they were employed in the translation of the folklores "Deli Malay" and "Serdang Malay" from Indonesian to English, and why the translators used the prevailing types in these folklores. The descriptive qualitative method was used to perform this research. The data was gathered from a folklore book and an interview with the folklores' translator. Descriptive qualitative research is the method used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that literal translation accounted for 39 sentences (16%), faithful translation accounted for 23 sentences (9%), semantic translation accounted for four sentences (2%), adaptation translation accounted for seven sentences (3%), free translation accounted for 158 sentences (64%) and communicative translation accounted for 16 sentences (6%). A total of 247 sentences were extracted from the data. Because he did not follow any theories or methods of translation when translating the texts, the translator utilized free translation as the dominating method. Instead, he evaluated the translations' target audience, youngsters, and made them acceptable and simple to understand.
The European Union fiscal policy framework and fiscal sustainability: challenges for the post-crisis environment
Authors: Kosterna Urszula 
Published: January 2022

The fiscal policy framework in the European Union was originally agreed upon in the Maastricht Treaty 30 years ago. In the following years it has been supplemented (Stability and Growth Pact) and modified, influenced by the experience of its application practice and external shocks, such as the financial crisis. However, the essence of this framework remained the same - member states are obliged to conduct a disciplined fiscal policy, which, in a nutshell, is assessed by comparing the ratio of budget deficit and public debt to GDP in a given country to the reference values. Even before the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the need to change the mechanisms for disciplining fiscal policy was widely recognized. High and persistent levels of public debt, pro-cyclicality of fiscal policy, shortage of public investment and the complexity of fiscal rules and their weak enforceability are indicated as unfavorable features of public finance. In 2019 the COVID-19 pandemic came as the biggest shock to the world community since World War II. In the context of the provisions on fiscal discipline, in May 2020 the Commission and the Council activated the general escape clause of Stability and Growth Pact, for the first time ever. This has allowed member states to take the necessary fiscal measures to deal with the crisis. On 19 October 2021, the European Commission adopted a Communication relaunching the public consultation, put on hold in March 2020, on the EU?s economic governance framework. The new governance framework should be tailored to the challenges the EU is facing, including the challenge of achieving a fiscal stance that is appropriate for the euro area as a whole. There is a fairly widespread belief in the need to move away from rigid reference values, which should be replaced by solutions that ensure the sustainability of public debt in the differing circumstances of member states. The proposed options for the revision of the EU fiscal framework, although justified in theory, have a fundamental flaw - they strengthen the position of supranational institutions and, moreover, open the door to discretion and potentially unequal treatment of member states. These proposals can be seen in a broader context - the federalization of the EU, which would limit the sovereignty of nation states.