bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress, health and lifestyle behaviours during COVID-19 home confinement in portuguese adults
Authors: Amaral A.P. , Figueiredo J. , Ferreira A. , Seco S. , Loureiro A. , Costa L.S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe confinement associated with COVID-19 pandemic was an experience with significant physical and mental health implications, including higher stress levels, decreased sleep quality, pain symptoms and changes in lifestyle behaviours.ObjectivesThe main goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between stress and health variables (sleep, health symptoms, health perception, and lifestyle behaviours) in a Portuguese university during COVID-19 home confinement.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey design was conducted. A sample of 263 Portuguese workers (64.3% females), with mean age of 48.3 years (sd=8.9), filled in the PSS10, answering questions concerning health symptoms (perceived health, pain symptoms and fatigue), lifestyle behaviours (sleep and eating habits, use of alcohol and tobacco) during COVID-19 home confinement. A descriptive statistical analysis, a Pearson correlation analyses and the t Student test, for independent samples, were performed.ResultsThe results showed significant correlations between stress and perceived health (r=-.404; p<.0001), arms pain (r=.212; p=.002), legs pain (r=.201; p=.003), back pain (r=.219; p=.001), headache (r=.289; p<.0001) and fatigue (r=.295; p<.0001). Concerning lifestyle behaviours, the results showed significant correlations between stress and sleep (r=-.552; p<.0001) and stress is significantly higher (p<.0001) in individuals who have changed their eating habits.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 home confinement, higher stress levels are associated with a worse perception of health, more pain symptoms (legs, arms, back, headache), worse sleep quality and more fatigue. Moreover, the individuals with higher levels of stress have changed their eating habits. Lastly, health promotion interventions are needed in order to minimize the impact of home confinement in health.
Facial mask masking tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Ganhao I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFacial covering and mask use is generally considered a preventive measure in reducing spread of infectious respiratory illnesses. With the COVID-19 pandemic, covering of the face, except the eyes, has become the norm for the first time for most people. Social interactions and clinical observation rely heavily on non-verbal communication of which facial expression is of utmost importance. While clinicians, especially in mental health settings, are acutely aware of the loss of information transmitted through the lower half of the face, signs of tardive dyskinesia may be forgotten in the list of potentially missed information.ObjectivesTo reflect on possible failure to detect orobuccolingual movements of tardive dyskinesia due to use of facial masks.MethodsReflection on a clinical case of a patient with a treatment refractory psychosis who presents to an outpatient appointment with a facial mask. After the appointment, a family member transmitted having observed what appeared to be involuntary masticatory movements in the patient.ResultsFacial masks and coverings occult signs that may be visible on the lower half of the face.ConclusionsFacial masks and coverings are essential in preventing COVID-19 contagion. Clinicians must keep in mind loss of information when part of the face is not visible. Tardive dyskinesia with orobuccolingual movements may be missed behind a mask. Family or other people who cohabit with the patient are essential information providers.
Steroid-induced psychosis in context a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. about a case
Authors: Villarroel C. Martín , Garcia L. Carpio , García G. Belmonte , Cutanda J. Dominguez , Revuelta M. Sánchez , Matsuura J. , Daza M. Fernández-Torija , García E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 is having an important direct impact, and also due to treatments used such as corticosteroids. Among its effects, we have focused on psychosis.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to study, from following case, incidence of steroid-induced psychosis in context of COVID-19.MethodsA bibliographic search was performed from different database (Pubmed, TripDatabase) about psychiatric symptoms associated with use of corticosteroids during pandemic. 64-year-old woman with no psychiatric history, who is hospitalized for pneumonia secondary to SARS-Cov2 and treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids. At 4 days she began with injury and nihilistic delusions. The corticosteroids were progressively reduced, adding 2.5 mg Risperidone, resolving after ten days.ResultsCorticosteroids are currently being used to treat the systemic inflammatory response associated with COVID-19, but they can produce other effects such as psychiatric symptoms (3-6%): 75% affective (mainly hypomanic symptoms); and 25% psychotic. Steroid-induced psychosis are characterized by confusion, delusions, and hallucinations, and they usually begin 3-4 days after onset, and resolve within a week. They are associated especially with oral systemic steroids and high doses: 1.3% with 40mg of prednisone, and 18% with 80mg; increased this incidence due to the greater use that is being made to treat COVID-19 and the higher doses used in severe cases (up to 120 mg).ConclusionsTo conclude, we need to know characteristics of these episodes in order to be able to prevent and treat them properly (minimum effective dose and less time), since they will probably occur more frequently at this time.
Resilient care in times of covid: The stress buddy
Authors: Rius-Ottenheim N. , Vermetten E. , Giltay E. , Boeschoten M. , De Bles N. , Van Der Wee N. , Hemert A. Van 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 outbreak poses a challenge for health care professionals due to a surge in care demands, overwork, fear of contagion and concerns on the availability of protective equipment, and coping with distress of patients and their families. Although there is emerging evidence on prevalence of stress and its predictors, less is known on the trajectory of stress symptoms and the differences between cohorts of health care professionals.ObjectivesTo sustain and restore health care professionals the Leiden University Medical Center has launched the Digital Stress Buddy, a mobile app, to assess psychological stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms.MethodsParticipants fill in a 14-item questionnaire on stress and resilience resources, followed by a COVID-related questionnaire and finally a set of validated questionnaires on depression and anxiety (DASS-21), posttraumatic stress-symptoms (IES-R), burn-out (CBI) and resilience (RES).ResultsTo date, 959 health care workers have completed the stress monitor, of whom 223 (23%) showed relevant stress levels. Within this group, anxiety and posttraumatic symptoms were most prevalent (45%), followed by depressive symptoms (15%). Predictors of stress were being female, coping with distress of patients and their families, teleworking, and overwork.ConclusionsBy identifying vulnerabilities and resilience for psychological distress, we are able to tailor the support interventions for health care workers within our hospital. This is an ongoing study and future follow-up during the second wave of the pandemic will provide more insight on the trajectories of stress-related symptoms.Conflict of interestNo significant relationships.
Psychosocial effects of COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia. Preliminary results
Authors: Valdés D. , Molina F. , Barrientos C. , Valenzuela P. , Basaigoitia A. , Burrone M. , Reginatto G. , Leniz I. , Solis-Soto M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe global health crisis due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related containment measures have led to changes in daily life and, therefore, social and psychological impacts on the population.ObjectivesTo explore the psychological and social impact of COVID-19 in the general population of Bolivia.MethodsCross-sectional study was implemented using an anonymous and self-administered online questionnaire. Adult people were invited to participate through social networks between May to June 2020. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, coping strategies, changes in income and working conditions and psychological distress (K10 Scale).ResultsA total of 878 adults living in Bolivia answered the questionnaire. Most people considered COVID-19 as a quite/very serious health problem that affects the entire population, without distinction. 65% reported to accomplish lock down measure, however, one of the main reasons for non-compliance is the need to go out to work. Half of participants (50%) reduced worked hours and 18% modified their employment contract. However, 70% reduced household income. A considerable percentage (62%) reported psychological distress (46% with moderate or severe). It was higher in women, young people and among those with lower household income. In addition, social networks and watching series and movies were the main coping strategies reported.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has a considerable impact on psychological and social level. The negative impact was greater in some population groups such as women, young people, and those with a lower socioeconomic level, which may further increase inequities.
Increase in the percentage of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms during the covid pandemic and quarantine at santiago, chile
Authors: Zarate C. , Binder P. , Valdivia V. , Stappung H. , De Arce J.T. Saavedra Perez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn pandemic conditions, obsessive rituals such as hygiene can be considered adaptive together with the extreme measures that must be followed to avoid contagion by Covid-19, we suggest that the stress the pandemic has caused may result in an increase in the percentage of OCD symptom and severity in the Chilean population at Santiago.ObjectivesStudy OCD symptoms and their severity during a contamination pandemic such as COVID and quarentine, and compare them to national reports of OCD prevalence in Chile. We hypothesize that OCD symptoms would be higher in these stressfull situations.MethodsAn online voluntary and annonymous survey was carried out asking about sociodemographic variables and the Y-BOCKS scale, an OCD symptom severity scale version already validated in Chile.Results497 completed the survey and Y-BOCKS scale. 241 people which is equivalent to 48% of the sample presented scores that classified them as having OCD.Off these 30% had mild, 12% moderate and 7% severe symptoms. 85% of them were inquarantine for more than 2 months.ConclusionsThese results are above the 2% of OCD reported at the national level. These percentages may be due to a smaller sample size, but even so, the high percentages of people with symptoms during COVID and those who were in quarentine or lockdown for 2 months or more, stand out. Future analysis and research needs to be made. We ask ourselves wether is Covid, quarentine, or both and of so, how much each pf these contribute to these high percentages of OCD symptoms observed.
Models for successful interactions between psychiatrists and indigenous people
Authors: Mainguy B. , Mehl-Madrona L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionConventional psychiatric services are not always acceptable to indigenous communities and people.ObjectivesWe used qualitative methodology to explore a successful collaboration of psychiatrists and addiction medicine specialists with indigenous communities in Maine, USA, in North America, comparing these results to previously unsuccessful collaborations. We wanted to delineate what leads to success.MethodsWe used constant comparative, iterative methodology within a constructivist, grounded theory approach to generate differences to discuss.ResultsSuccessful strategies address the highly relational approach to defining the self of the indigenous communities, a collectivist mindset in which the needs of the group can supersede the needs of the individual, a reliance upon stories for transmission of knowledge and culture, and a commitment to a biopsychosocial and spiritual approach, which, in North America, is often symbolized by the metaphor of the Four Cardinal Directions. Successful psychiatrists working in these communities needed to share more personal details than what they are usually accustomed to provide. They acknowledged local culture and spirituality and worked with traditional knowledge holders to create collaborative approaches. As part of this, the use of a narrative approach worked best in which the psychiatrist worked within the stories and beliefs of the community which required taking the time in dialogue to learn those stories and beliefs.ConclusionsWe addressed the challenges of consulting to tribal-based treatment programs, of modifying usual counseling techniques such as motivational interviewing to an indigenous population. We propose that these sorts of participatory-action-based approaches go far to improve service delivery to indigenous people and reduce health disparities.
Who benefits most?
Authors: Van Diermen L. 
Published: February 2022

We know from past meta-analyses that several clinical variables are associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) outcome in major depression. In this lecture we give an update of clinical variables associated with ECT outcome and dig deeper into the fact that these variables also seem to be somehow associated with each other. We attempt to disentangle the interdependence between the clinical variables and try to distil the most important predictors of treatment success to help improve patient-treatment matching. Therefore we created a conceptual framework of interdependence between predictors capturing age, episode duration, and treatment resistance, all variables associated with ECT outcome, and the clinical symptoms of what we have called ‘core depression’, i.e., depression with psychomotor agitation, retardation, or psychotic features, or a combination of the three. We validated this model in a sample 73 patients using path analyses, with the size and direction of all direct and indirect paths being estimated using structural equation modelling. Results of these analyses were recently published and will also be disscussed at this symposium. The conceptual model could eb largely validated, the most important finding being that age was only indirectly associated with ECT outcome, meaning that age seems to be associated with ECT outcome only because more psychomotor and psychotic symptoms occur in elderly patients with a depressive disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Successful treatment of primary delusional parasitosis with paroxetine: A case report and narrative review
Authors: Delgado L. , González-Rodríguez A. , Pedrero A. Alvarez , Guàrdia A. , Fucho G.F. , Seeman M.V. , Acebillo S. , Monreal J.A. , Labad J. , Vidal D. Palao 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAntipsychotics have been classically considered the treatment of choice for delusional disorder (DD) and antidepressant medications have been restricted to patients with comorbid depression.ObjectivesOur aim is to describe the case of a patient with DD with delusions of parasitosis, who responded to paroxetine as monotherapy. We also aimed to review the recent literature on the potential use of antidepressants as the main treatment for somatic type DD.MethodsAfter the case report, we present a narrative review on the use of antidepressants in DD, somatic type (DSM-criteria) by using PubMed database from inception until 2020.ResultsCase: 74 year-old woman without previous psychiatric diagnosis who suffered from long-term cutaneous and vulvar pruritus. She was referred to psychiatry from dermatology to assess thought content and sensoperceptive disturbances. In the past, she had received unsuccessful treatment with antihistamines. The patient brought a collection of “the identified parasite” (matchbox sign) to our first appointment. On assessment, she was diagnosed with DD with delusions of parasitosis. Risperidone 1mg/day was poorly tolerated (excessive sedation). She refused further antipsychotic treatment, so we started paroxetine up to 20mg/day. The patient went into total remission of her pruritus and delusions of parasitosis. Review. In line with our case, 6 studies reported on the successful use of antidepressants as monotherapy for DD, somatic type. Most of studies report the successful use of an antipsychotic/antidepressant combination (case-series, case reports).ConclusionsAlthough antipsychotics are the treatment of choice, antidepressant medications may be an effective alternative in somatic type DD when patients refuse antipsychotics.
Indigenous mental health therapies
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. , Mainguy B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCultural differences exist among indigenous and mainstream peoples about the nature of mind and how one achieves mental health.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine what is important and different for indigenous communities from non-indigenous communities.MethodsWe assembled a focus group of 109 indigenous and non-indigenous mental health counselors who worked in indigenous communities to meet weekly for 90 minutes via an internet platform (Zoom) for 810weeks with asynchronous communication between meetings.ResultsThe metaphor of the Four Directions, represented with different colors, attributes, and animals, was important in indigenous communities. Participants emphasized the idea of relational, non-local mind which places identity in the relationships between people rather than an individual body. Illnesses were seen as conscious beings who visit people and bring teachings. The healing, participants said, comes from reaching within the suffering and the pain to find the answer from within which makes meaning from an illness. People are expected to make offerings and sacrifices to the spirit of the illness to move toward wellness. These sacrifices can include lifestyle changes that the person might otherwise not make. Using substances without the proper protocols and prayers was likened to sorcery or witchcraft which can become a powerful incentive to stop disrespecting these substances and to find meaning in setting them aside with the help of a supportive community.ConclusionsWhat participants saw as important for indigenous populations was different from what is usual for non-indigenous mental health services. Participants stressed the importance of non-indigenous providers understanding this and not dismissing these ideas.
Transcultural psychiatry: Comparison of eastern and western culture and their influence on mental health and its treatment
Authors: Tiong S.P. , Rajkumari S. , Rasidi N.F.B. , Poplavskaya O.V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn a globalizing world, the need for humans to understand one another is fundamental. Transcultural Psychiatry aims to bridge the differences due to culture, norms and values between doctors and patients.ObjectivesTo study the beliefs of Eastern and Western populations on the subject of religion, the paranormal and its relation to mental health.MethodsThe study was conducted targeting citizens of Eastern and Western countries (target sample size 200). A survey and 2 case studies were distributed, aimed to determine respondent’s level of belief in cultural superstitions and practices, views on mental disorders and opinions on treatment. A chi-square statistical test (significance set at ≤0.05) was performed to test validity.Resultsare tabulated in Table 1. In the case studies, P-value =4.68x10-6 proves a strong relationship between East/West populations and their viewpoints on mental illness vs. possession. There is a strong relationship (p=3.37x10-5) between respondents’ beliefs in spiritual healing and its effectiveness in treating mental illness.Table 1EastWestTotal respondents (226)58%42%Identified as religious74%26%Strong belief in paranormal85%15%Effectiveness of spiritual healing55%45%Preferred methods of treatmentMental health professionals54%46%Religious healer/psychic90%10%ConclusionsThe study revealed that Eastern populations are far more superstitious and religious than their Western counterparts, and also have higher belief in the effectiveness of spiritual healing to treat mental disorders. This difference demonstrates the importance of integrating culture into diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses, and further explore methods for more inclusive treatment plans.
Association of perceived stress and coping strategies with depressive symptoms in students at a private medical college in islamabad
Authors: Zubair U. , Mansoor S. , Mansoor T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe environment at medical colleges is competitive and typically generates higher stress levels. Both academic and psychosocial stresses appear to play a role, and the resourceful students who are able to employ effective coping strategies to deal with their stress are shown to outperform their peers in the academic settings.ObjectivesObjective: To determine the Association of Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies with Depressive symptoms in students at a private medical college in IslamabadMethodsFourth and Final year medical students of Foundation university medical college were enrolled in the study. Beck’s Depression Inventory was used to assess the depressive symptoms, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was the tool used to look for the perceived stress and the coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE Inventory. Association of Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies with Depressive symptoms and other sociodemographic factors was established.ResultsOut of 262 medical students studied, 211 (80.5%) had no or mild depressive symptoms while 51 (19.5%) had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. 66 (25.2%) had low stress, 127 (48.4%) had moderate stress while 69 (26.3%) had high stress. Chi-square test revealed that perceived stress, self-distraction, active coping, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, positive reframing, acceptance, religion/ spirituality and self-blaming had statistically significant relationship with presence of depressive symptoms among the target population.ConclusionsConsiderable number of medical students had presence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms in our study. Perceived stress and some specific kinds of coping strategies had significant association with presence of depressive symptoms among target population