bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO778: Influence of Therapy on the Duration of First Arteriovenous Fistula in Haemodialysis Patients—A Multicenter Longitudinal Study
Authors: Knezevic Violeta , Azasevac Tijana , Celic Dejan , Petkovic Dobrila , Paunic Zoran , Dudic Svetlana , Stolic Radojica , Radovic Milan , Vavic Neven , Zivanov Dusan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
A 5-year research was conducted on haemodialysis patients with the aim to determine the effect of therapy on the patency of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for haemodialysis.

METHOD
The study included 338 haemodialysis patients with the incidence of the creation of AVF in 2014. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the duration time of AVF namely short-term (≤6 months) and long-term (&gt;6 months) patency. Clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed as well as type and frequency of complications, characteristics of AVF and treatment. The data were analysed with a chi-squared test, ANOVA test and an ordinally logistic regression. There was a statistical significance, P &lt;0.05.

RESULTS
From a total of 338 patients, the average age of 59.06 ± 12.45, 66.6% of patients were men. 80.7% of the patients were in the short-term group. Patients taking anti-platelet drugs make 14.8%, patients taking anticoagulation therapy and double anti-platelets therapy make 1.8%, patients taking statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE)/angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) and calcium channel blockers make 47% and 2.6% of patients took no medication. The number of AVF complications was thrombosis in 19.1%, haemorrhage in 1.9%, aneurism and pseudoaneurysm in 0.5%, ‘Steal’ syndrome in 0.3%, infections in 0.3% and other complications in 2.2%. In accordance with the length of anti-platelets therapy (˂30 days, between 30 and 90 days, and ˃90 days) after the creation of AVF, it was concluded that the most influential effect was in the period between 30 and 90 days after creation. Patients with AVF for ˂6 months had significantly more vascular calcifications (P =.0017). The groups did not differ in the length of anti-platelets and anti-coagulation therapy before the creation of AVF (&lt;1 year, &gt;1 year, no therapy), time of maturity of AVF (4–6 weeks, 6–8 weeks, ˃8 weeks), indications for reducing or stopping with anti-platelets or anticoagulation therapy in the moment of AVF creation. Four models of ordinally logistic regression (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) were created in which the dependent variables were the complications of AVF by years, the factors were the type of treatment and the frequency of each complication for each year, while the covariate was the number of months after the AVF creation (Table).

CONCLUSION
Patients that started taking anti-platelets drugs from 30 to 90 days of AVF, had AVF for a significantly longer time. The model showed in years states that the frequency of complications decreases over time and that there are more infections and other complications than thrombosis and haemorrhage.
MO984: Increased Mortality After Kidney Transplantation in Mildly Frail Recipients: Need for Pretransplant Intervention
Authors: Pascual Julio , Arias Cabrales Carlos , Redondo Pachon Dolores , Burballa Carla , Buxeda Anna , Bach Anna , Faura Anna , Marco Esther , Rodriguez Leocadio , Crespo Marta , José Pérez-Saéz María 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Frailty is associated with a higher rate of complications and mortality after kidney transplantation (KT). Physical frailty phenotype (PFP) is the most used frailty instrument among KT recipients, it comprises five criteria and classifies patients as frail if they have ≥3. We aimed to determine the impact of scoring 1 PFP criterion (mild frailty) on transplant outcomes.

METHOD
We have prospectively followed 449 KT candidates evaluated for frailty by PFP at the time of inclusion on the KT waiting list. Patients were classified as follows: 0, robust; 1, pre-frail-1; 2, pre-frail-2; and ≥3, frail. A prospective longitudinal study was performed in all patients in the cohort who underwent KT. Clinical outcomes and survival after transplantation according to frailty status at listing was assessed.

RESULTS
About 71.3% of total listed cohort resulted to be pre-frail (one criterion 41%, two criteria 19.8%) or frail (10.5%). Disparities were observed between sexes, with 5.2% of men and 21.9% of women being frail (P &lt; 0.01). During the study period (median 26 months [IQR 16–39]), 296 patients got a KT and 153 remained listed. Patients who did not get transplanted were more frequently frail (16.3 versus 7.4%, P = 0.013). Frail patients had more hospital admissions during the first year after listing (43.4% if PFP ≥1 versus 20.8% if PFP = 0) and more cardiovascular events or major infectious events. In a multivariate model including only patients scoring 0 (robust) or prefail-1-criterion (n = 217), older age, previous cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and mild pre-frailty were independent risk factors for mortality after KT (Figure 1).

CONCLUSION
Frailty is frequent in KT candidates, more frequent in women than men. Frail patients have less chances to receive a KT. KT candidates are frequently listed with one (out of five) frailty criterion, and this has an independent impact on patient survival after KT. A pre-transplant clinical framework for multimodal prehabilitation interventions to mitigate the effects of frailty and poor fitness after KT may be justified even in mildly pre-frail candidates.
FC 115: Long-Term Outcomes in Eculizumab-Treated Kidney Transplant Patients Enrolled in the Global Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Registry
Authors: Gema Ariceta Iraola Maria , Al-Dakkak Imad , Anokhina Katerina , Ardissino Gianluigi , Greenbaum Laurence A , Kumar Gurinder , Licht Christoph , Siedlecki Andrew , Van de Walle Johan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The global atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) registry (NCT01522183), the largest repository of real-world data on patients with aHUS, provides key insights into disease course, natural history, and patient (pt) outcomes with and without complement inhibitor therapy. Prior to eculizumab availability, pts with aHUS had a reportedly high risk of disease recurrence and graft loss following a kidney transplant (KTx). We report the long-term clinical outcomes of eculizumab-treated pts who received a KTx.

METHOD
This analysis included pts enrolled from April 2012–November 2021. Pts were included in a long-term treatment outcomes study if they had ever been treated with eculizumab and were excluded if they had DGKE mutations or their diagnosis was later revised to any condition other than aHUS. The current analysis set included pts who had received a KTx no more than 30 days prior to eculizumab start or up to 60 days post eculizumab start date, had ≥3 years of follow-up (FU) post-transplant and had serum creatinine (SCr) measurements at baseline (BL) and post 3 years FU. Changes in kidney function, haematological parameters and clinical characteristics at last follow-up (LFU) were assessed.

RESULTS
A total of 329/1970 adult and paediatric registry pts met the inclusion criteria and received a KTx; 78 pts from 12 countries met sub-group inclusion criteria. BL demographics are shown in Table 1. Mean (SD) treatment duration was 5.7 (2.4) years and 47 (60%) pts had pathogenic genetic variants. Lab parameters at BL (closest measurement at or following KTx) and LFU are reported in Table 2. Despite large ranges, median SCr levels remained stable at LFU. Median eGFR and platelet levels were similar at BL and LFU, while lower median lactose dehydrogenase levels were seen at LFU. At LFU: four pts (5%)—three adult—had subsequent KTx(s); eight (10%)—seven adults—had received dialysis by last observation; and two (3%) had received plasma exchange/infusion. Two pts (3%) died during the observation period.

CONCLUSION
This study assessed a large, real-world population of pts at high risk of KTx failure. Lab parameters suggest most pts benefitted from eculizumab treatment, with few TMA-related complications and stable kidney function and haematological parameters for ≥3 years. Overall, the proportions of female pts and of pts with pathogenic genetic variants were consistent with previous studies. A potential study limitation was the relatively stringent sub-population-specific inclusion criteria. However, these data further demonstrate the beneficial impact of eculizumab treatment in the long-term management of aHUS in pts requiring KTx.
Association of osteopontin with kidney function and kidney failure in chronic kidney disease patients: the GCKD study
Authors: Steinbrenner Inga , Sekula Peggy , Kotsis Fruzsina , von Cube Maja , Cheng Yurong , Nadal Jennifer , Schmid Matthias , Schneider Markus P , Krane Vera , Nauck Matthias , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Schultheiss Ulla T ,   the GCKD investigators, Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Meiselbach Heike , Schneider Markus P , Schiffer Mario , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Bärthlein Barbara , Beck Andreas , Reis André , Ekici Arif B , Becker Susanne , Becker-Grosspitsch Dinah , Alberth-Schmidt Ulrike , Hausknecht Birgit , Weigel Anke , Walz Gerd , Köttgen Anna , Schultheiß Ulla T , Kotsis Fruzsina , Meder Simone , Mitsch Erna , Reinhard Ursula , Floege Jürgen , Saritas Turgay , Schaeffner Elke , Baid-Agrawal Seema , Theisen Kerstin , Haller Hermann , Menne Jan , Zeier Martin , Sommerer Claudia , Theilinger Johanna , Wolf Gunter , Busch Martin , Paul Rainer , Sitter Thomas , Wanner Christoph , Krane Vera , Börner-Klein Antje , Bauer Britta , Kronenberg Florian , Raschenberger Julia , Kollerits Barbara , Forer Lukas , Schönherr Sebastian , Weissensteiner Hansi , Oefner Peter , Gronwald Wolfram , Schmid Matthias , Nadal Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Osteopontin (OPN), synthesized in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and in the distal tubule, is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, a hallmark of kidney failure (KF). In a cohort of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, we evaluated OPN's association with kidney markers and KF.

Methods
OPN was measured from baseline serum samples of German Chronic Kidney Disease study participants. Cross-sectional regression models for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) as well as Cox regression models for all-cause mortality and KF were evaluated to estimate the OPN effect. Additionally, the predictive ability of OPN and time-dependent population-attributable fraction were evaluated.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 471 KF events and 629 deaths occurred among 4950 CKD patients. One-unit higher log(OPN) was associated with 5.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower eGFR [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –6.4 to –4.6] and 1% change in OPN with 0.7% higher UACR (estimated effect 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.8). Moreover, higher OPN levels were associated with a higher risk of KF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7] and all-cause mortality (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.8). After 6 years, 31% of the KF events could be attributed to higher OPN levels (95% CI 3%–56%).

Conclusions
In this study, higher OPN levels were associated with kidney function markers worsening and a higher risk for adverse outcomes. A larger proportion of KF could be attributed to higher OPN levels, warranting further research on OPN with regards to its role in CKD progression and possible treatment options.
The Role of Attentional Networks in Smoking Behavior Among Young Adults: Specific Contribution of Executive Control
Authors: Maurage Pierre , Heeren Alexandre , Lannoy Séverine , Flaudias Valentin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The exploration of cognitive impairments associated with tobacco use disorder has expanded during the last decades, centrally showing working memory and executive deficits among smokers. Despite their critical role in everyday life and in the smoking cessation process, attentional abilities have seldom been explored. Previous studies yielded discordant results, and the involvement of attentional deficits in smoking habits remains unclear.

Aims and Methods
Capitalizing on the Attention Network Test, a theory-grounded task allowing the simultaneous but distinct evaluation of three attentional networks (alerting, orienting, executive control), we explored attentional abilities in three groups of 25 college students (nonsmokers, light smokers, heavy smokers), matched for demographic and psychopathological characteristics.

Results
While light smokers did not present any deficit compared with nonsmokers, heavy smokers showed a specific impairment of the executive control subcomponent of attention, contrasting with preserved alerting and orienting attentional abilities. The executive control deficit was not related to current craving or to smoking duration.

Conclusions
Beyond the already explored memory and executive deficits, tobacco use disorder is associated with attentional impairments, characterized by a reduced ability to focus attentional resources on pertinent stimuli and resist to distractors interference. Given the assumed role of attentional impairments in smoking, our findings suggest that a critical step in future translational iterations is to develop neuropsychological rehabilitation programs tapping into the executive network of attention among smokers.

Implications
This study clarifies the presence and extent of attentional impairments in tobacco use disorder. We measured three attention networks (alerting, orienting, executive control) in light smokers, heavy smokers and matched healthy controls through a theory-grounded task (Attention Network Test). Heavy smokers (but not light ones) present a specific deficit for the executive control of attention. This deficit, uncorrelated with psychopathological comorbidities or current craving, appears directly related to smoking. Given the currently scattered literature on this topic, attentional processes deserve a thorough audit in tobacco use disorder, notably to develop specific neurocognitive rehabilitation.
Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission Through Solid Organ Transplantation and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Recent Transplant Recipients
Authors: Free Rebecca J , Annambhotla Pallavi , La Hoz Ricardo M , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Jones Jefferson M , Wang Lijuan , Sankthivel Senthil , Levi Marilyn E , Michaels Marian G , Kuhnert Wendi , Klassen David , Basavaraju Sridhar V , Kracalik Ian T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmissible through lung transplantation, and outcomes among infected organ recipients may be severe. Transmission risk to extrapulmonary organ recipients and recent (within 30 days of transplantation) SARS-CoV-2–infected recipient outcomes are unclear.

Methods
During March 2020–March 2021, potential SARS-CoV-2 transmissions through solid organ transplantation were investigated. Assessments included SARS-CoV-2 testing, medical record review, determination of likely transmission route, and recent recipient outcomes.

Results
During March 2020–March 2021, approximately 42 740 organs were transplanted in the United States. Forty donors, who donated 140 organs to 125 recipients, were investigated. Nine (23%) donors and 25 (20%) recipients were SARS-CoV-2 positive by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Most (22/25 [88%]) SARS-CoV-2–infected recipients had healthcare or community exposures. Nine SARS-CoV-2–infected donors donated 21 organs to 19 recipients. Of these, 3 lung recipients acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections from donors with negative SARS-CoV-2 testing of pretransplant upper respiratory tract specimens but from whom posttransplant lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Sixteen recipients of extrapulmonary organs from SARS-CoV-2–infected donors had no evidence of posttransplant COVID-19. All-cause mortality within 45 days after transplantation was 6-fold higher among SARS-CoV-2–infected recipients (9/25 [36%]) than those without (6/100 [6%]).

Conclusions
Transplant-transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is uncommon. Pretransplant NAAT of lung donor LRT specimens may prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through transplantation. Extrapulmonary organs from SARS-CoV-2–infected donors may be safely usable, although further study is needed. Reducing recent recipient exposures to SARS-CoV-2 should remain a focus of prevention.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Health Care Workers in Four Health Care Systems in Atlanta
Authors: Kandiah Sheetal , Iheaku Onyinye , Farrque Mirza , Hanna Jasmah , Johnson Kalisha Bonds , Wiley Zanthia , Franks Nicole M , Carroll Kelley , Shin Sangmin Ryan , Sims Kanika Michele , Kulshreshtha Ambar ,   CROSS Collaborative, Rebolledo Paulina , Cantos Valeria , Kobaidze Ketino , Sexton Marybeth , Kirkconnell Hall Mary Ann 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among health care workers (HCWs) undermines community vaccine confidence. Predictors and reasons for HCW hesitancy in the Atlanta region were evaluated using a survey between May and June 2021. Vaccine hesitancy was highest in younger and less educated HCWs. Interventions to address vaccine hesitancy in HCWs are necessary.
Rapid Treatment Initiation for Hepatitis C in Young People Who Inject Drugs: The Seek, Test, and Rapid Treatment Randomized Trial
Authors: Eckhardt Benjamin , Kapadia Shashi N , Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Pai Melinda , Fong Chunki , Aponte-Melendez Yesenia , Marks Kristen M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Young people who inject drugs (PWID) have high hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence and low treatment initiation rates. Novel, simplified care models need to be developed to engage, treat, and cure hard-to-reach patient populations, such as young PWID. We present final data from the randomized pilot clinical trial “HCV-Seek Test and Rapid Treatment” for curing HCV in young PWID.

Methods
Participants were recruited from the community and eligible if they were 18–29 years of age, HCV antibody-positive, treatment naive, and had injected drugs in the past 30 days. Participants were randomized 1:1 to “Rapid Treatment or Usual Care”. Participants randomized to Rapid Treatment received same-day medical evaluation, confirmatory and baseline laboratory testing, and a 7-day starter pack of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir at a syringe service program (SSP). Participants in “Usual Care” received same-day HCV confirmatory testing at the SSP and, if positive, facilitated referral to local providers. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) in HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA)+ participant.

Results
Forty-seven HCV antibody-positive participants were enrolled, and 25 participants had confirmed HCV and were included in the modified intention to treat analysis, with 9 of 14 (64%) of the Rapid Treatment arm and 1 of 11 (9.1%) of the Usual Care arm achieving a confirmed SVR12 (P = .01).

Conclusions
Among young HCV RNA+ PWID, significantly higher rates of cure were achieved using the Rapid Treatment model compared with facilitated referral. Providing easy access to HCV treatment for young PWID in low-threshold settings and initiating HCV treatment quickly appears to be a promising strategy for treating this hard-to-reach population.
PROPHETIC EU: Prospective Identification of Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients in the Intensive Care Unit in European and United States Cohorts
Authors: Bergin Stephen P , Calvert Sara B , Farley John , Sun Jie-Lena , Chiswell Karen , Dieperink Willem , Kluytmans Jan , Lopez-Delgado Juan Carlos , Leon-Lopez Rafael , Zervos Marcus J , Kollef Marin H , Sims Matthew , Kabchi Badih A , Rubin Daniel , Santiago Jonas , Natarajan Mukil , Tenaerts Pamela , Fowler Vance G , Holland Thomas L , Bonten Marc J , Hullegie Sebastiaan J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The prospective identification of patients at high risk for hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia may improve clinical trial feasibility and foster antibacterial development. In a prior study conducted in the United States, clinical criteria were used to prospectively identify these patients; however, these criteria have not been applied in a European population.

Methods
Adults considered high risk for pneumonia (treatment with ventilation or high levels of supplemental oxygen) in the intensive care units of 7 European hospitals were prospectively enrolled from June 12 to December 27, 2017. We estimated the proportion of high-risk patients developing pneumonia according to US Food and Drug Administration guidance and a subset potentially eligible for antibacterial trial enrollment. We compared patient characteristics, treatment exposures, and pneumonia incidence in a European cohort and a previously described US cohort.

Results
Of 888 high-risk patients, 211/888 (24%) were treated for possible pneumonia, and 150/888 (17%) met the Food and Drug Administration definition for hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. A higher proportion of European patients treated for possible pneumonia met the pneumonia definition (150/211 [71%] vs 537/1464 [37%]; P &lt; .001). Among patients developing pneumonia, a higher proportion of European patients met antibacterial trial eligibility criteria (124/150 [83%] vs 371/537 [69%]; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Clinical criteria prospectively identified high-risk patients with high rates of pneumonia in the European cohort. Despite higher rates of established risk factors and incident pneumonia, European patients were significantly less likely to receive antibiotics for possible pneumonia than US patients. Different treatment practices may contribute to lower rates of antibacterial trial enrollment in the United States.
Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation
Authors: Bai Guanhua , Zhang Mingjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
A review of ultrawide bandgap materials: properties, synthesis and devices
Authors: Xu Mingfei , Wang Dawei , Fu Kai , Mudiyanselage Dinusha Herath , Fu Houqiang , Zhao Yuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltrawide bandgap (UWBG) materials such as diamond, Ga2O3, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and AlN, are a new class of semiconductors that possess a wide range of attractive properties, including very large bandgap, high critical electric field, high carrier mobility and chemical inertness. Due to these outstanding characteristics, UWBG materials are promising candidates to enable high-performance devices for power electronics, ultraviolet photonics, quantum sensing and quantum computing applications. Despite their great potential, the research of UWBG semiconductors is still at a nascent stage and represents a challenging interdisciplinary research area of physics, materials science and devices engineering. In this review, the material properties, synthesis methods and device applications of UWBG semiconductors diamond, Ga2O3, h-BN and AlN will be presented and their recent progress, challenges and research opportunities will be discussed.