bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We must deter, but not without trust: a case of formalising informal micro-entrepreneurs in Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Shehryar , Ejaz Lalarukh , Ali Kiran 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe policy approach in Pakistan with regard to combating the informal economy has remained quite myopic and skewed in its reliance on measures informed by the rational economic-actor theory as opposed to the social-actor approach. Thus, this study attempts to evaluate and synthesise the two alternative policy approaches and formulate a more theoretically integrative understanding of the subject.Design/methodology/approachThe authors gather data from 600 micro-entrepreneurs operating in the retail and wholesale sector of Lahore, Pakistan, which is then analysed using an ordered logit regression technique.FindingsIn contrast to more developed countries, the finding here is that higher perceived penalties have a highly significant and positive impact on the level of formality of Pakistani micro-entrepreneurs. The perceived risk of detection, meanwhile, has only a moderately significant impact on the micro-entrepreneurs level of formality. Likewise, the level of vertical and horizontal trust has a positive but moderately significant impact on the level of formality. Nonetheless, both the vertical and horizontal trust exhibit a very significant moderating effect on the relationship between the use of penalties and the level of formality, that is, the higher the level of trust that the micro-entrepreneurs have in the state and other businesses, the lower is the effectiveness of punitive measures.Practical implicationsDeterrence is an effective way to enhance the level of formality in the case of the Pakistani context. Nonetheless, the authors imply that without building trust, this overreliance on punitive and detective measures can actually be counter-productive. A combined and congruent (not sequential) use of voluntary compliance measures is thus warranted.Originality/valueIt is a unique attempt to evaluate and synthesise the global policy theorisations in a non-mainstream and antagonistic climate, such as Pakistan.
Determinants of blockchain adoption as decentralized business model by Spanish firms – an innovation theory perspective
Authors: Hashimy Loha , Jain Geetika , Grifell-Tatjé Emili 
Published: April 2022

PurposeLarge attention surrounds identifying the meaningful blockchain business model on financial services, while a little focus about non-financial organizations and solutions in terms of how the blockchain business model can affect the organization and bring more value. To address the complex structure of businesses that have public goods, it is important to develop sustainable blockchain-based business models.Design/methodology/approachThis study offers the first qualitative research that uses an integrated technological, environmental and organizational (TOE) framework with technology acceptance theory (TAM) to study the adoption of blockchain technology by Spanish firms.FindingsThe results of the paper discuss how that competitive pressure, competence, top management support and relative advantage have a positive impact on intention to adopt blockchain technology while complexity affects the intention to adopt the technology negatively. Contrary to many adoption studies, the findings show that intention to adopt negatively impacts adoption and outline the effect of blockchain on business model elements on the macroeconomic level.Originality/valueThe key contribution of this study lies in providing a comprehensive understanding of the environmental, technological and organizational factors that impact the intention to adopt blockchain that eventually affects adoption.
Wireless information technology competency and transformational leadership in supply chain management: implications for innovative capability
Authors: Eng Teck-Yong , Mohsen Kholoud , Wu Lin-Chih 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe present study conceptualizes and examines the interplay of transformational leadership, ambidexterity and wireless information technology (IT) competency for enhancing innovative capability.Design/methodology/approachDrawing primarily on the knowledge-based and dynamic capabilities view theory, the present study explored supply chains of a large global apparel company and their effect on innovative capability through a mixed methods approach.FindingsThe results show that transformational leaders strongly influence the development of ambidexterity and enhance radical innovative capability through wireless IT competency.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study suggest that supply chain integration through transformational leadership and wireless IT competency can promote simultaneous exploration and exploitation to enhance innovation.Practical implicationsThe growth of cloud and/or virtual supply chains facilitated by digital wireless communications and Internet technology is advancing logistics and supply chain innovations. With increasing global competition, digitalized supply chains and ever-growing environmental uncertainty, leadership traits, especially transformational leadership and ambidextrous leaders, can be major contributing factors for successful development of wireless IT competency to support innovative capability.Originality/valueWireless IT competency facilitates knowledge integration particularly for combining prior internal knowledge of exploitative innovation with new external knowledge to develop explorative innovation.
Social-technical network effects in open source software communities: understanding the impacts of dependency networks on project success
Authors: Wu Jiang , Huang Xiao , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To better understand the success of an open source software (OSS) project, this study aims to examine the role of social dependency networks (i.e. social and technical dependencies) in online communities.Design/methodology/approach This study focuses on dependencies using three network metrics – degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality – in developer and module networks. A longitudinal analysis from the projects hosted at Sourceforge.net is conducted to examine the effects of social and technical networks on the success of OSS projects. To address our research questions, we have constructed research models to investigate the social network effects in developer networks, the technical network effects in module networks, and the social-technical network effects in both types of networks.Findings The results reveal nonlinear relationships between degree centrality in both social and technical networks and OSS success, highlighting the importance of a moderate level of degree centrality in team structure and software architecture. Meanwhile, a moderate level of betweenness centrality and a lower level of closeness centrality between developers lead to a higher chance of OSS project success.Originality/value This study is the first attempt to consider the network metrics in both module networks of the technical sub-system and developer networks of the social sub-system to better understand their influences on project success.
Examining the interconnectedness and early warning signals of systemic risks of shadow banks: an application to the Indian shadow bank crisis
Authors: Chaturvedi Anurag , Singh Archana 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe paper models the financial interconnectedness and systemic risk of shadow banks using Granger-causal network-based measures and takes the Indian shadow bank crisis of 2018–2019 as a systemic event.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs pairwise linear Granger-causality tests adjusted for heteroskedasticity and return autocorrelation on a rolling window of weekly returns data of 52 financial institutions from 2016 to 2019 to construct network-based measures and calculate network centrality. The Granger-causal network-based measure ranking of financial institutions in the pre-crisis period (explanatory variable) is rank-regressed with the ranking of financial institutions based on maximum percentage loss suffered by them during the crises period (dependent variable).FindingsThe empirical result demonstrated that the shadow bank complex network during the crisis is denser, more interconnected and more correlated than the tranquil period. The closeness, eigenvector, and PageRank centrality established the systemic risk transmitter and receiver roles of institutions. The financial institutions that are more central and hold prestigious positions due to their incoming links suffered maximum loss. The shadow bank network also showed small-world phenomena similar to social networks. Granger-causal network-based measures have out-of-sample predictive properties and can predict the systemic risk of financial institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considers only the publicly listed financial institutions. Also, the proposed measures are susceptible to the size of the rolling window, frequency of return and significance level of Granger-causality tests.Practical implicationsSupervisors and financial regulators can use the proposed measures to monitor the development of systemic risk and swiftly identify and isolate contagious financial institutions in the event of a crisis. Also, it is helpful to policymakers and researchers of an emerging economy where bilateral exposures' data between financial institutions are often not present in the public domain, plus there is a gap or delay in financial reporting.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first to study systemic risk of shadow banks using a financial network comprising of commercial banks and mutual funds. It is also the first one to study systemic risk of Indian shadow banks.
A research on digital learning system based on multiplayer online animation game
Authors: Liu Liping , Li Mingchao , Ji Shanshan 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis research explores the appropriateness of using a digital learning system based on a multiplayer online animated game in firefighting education and training. Use of the game improved learning was effective. It can increase learners' understanding of the taught content and their willingness to learn.Design/methodology/approachThe research applies digital learning based on a multiplayer online animated game coupled with 3D and virtual reality (VR) technology. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (using the game) and a control group (not using the game). T-tests were used to compare the learning of the two groups.FindingsFirefighting knowledge was significantly better among the experimental group than the control group. Learning was explored in three different domains: basic firefighting knowledge, fire extinguisher operation and fire source identification; the latter two showed statistically significant differences. After learners acquired knowledge from multimedia, the addition of a VR exercise effectively helped them to remember what they learned and increased their understanding of the taught content.Originality/valueThe approach proposed in this study applies digital learning via a multiplayer online animated game to explore the appropriateness of such games in firefighting education and training. Use of the game improved learning and was effective. It can not only increase learners' understanding of the taught content, but also their willingness to learn.
Assessing behavioral intentions of solar energy usage through value-belief-norm theory
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Fatima Tayyba , Awan Tahir Mumtaz 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate people pro-environmental behavior toward solar energy in Pakistan. Solar energy is perceived as environment friendly because it does not need any fossil fuel and is free of greenhouse gas emission. Hence current research used to employ value-belief-norm theory with regard to solar energy to recognize people's interest for solar energy. Further this study also makes an effort for extend of value-belief-norm framework via using social norm as being a predictor of pro-environmental behavior and personal norm.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows positivism philosophy based on quantitative in nature. Proposed hypothesis was tested through deductive research approach. Data was collected through survey method. Further general public was selected as population and non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. A total 1,000 online questionnaire were sent through different mediums on Internet, out of which 624 responses were received. Further this study used Smart-Pls 3 software for the analysis of data.FindingsThe results show that all hypothesis were approved except one. Furthermore, social norm was discovered as a positive indicator of personal norm, and pro-environmental behavior. Also, personal norm was found as mediating the relation between social norm and people's pro-environment behavior toward solar energy.Practical implicationsThis research also adds to the existing research in field of environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it would prove to be a rational document for policymakers and the government to develop strategies to overcome environment and energy related issues.Originality/valueThis study identifies the people's pro-environmental behavior toward solar energy by applying value-belief-norm theory in context of Pakistan, to overcome energy related environmental issues.
The relationship of fast food consumption with sociodemographic factors, body mass index and dietary habits among university students
Authors: Arslan Nurgul , Aslan Ceylan Jiyan , Hatipoğlu Abdulkerim 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
University students are one of the vulnerable groups in terms of having nutritional problems due to their lifestyle and social environment. This study aims to determine the consumption of fast food among university students and evaluate factors that may impact it, such as sociodemographic factors, body mass index (BMI) or nutritional habits.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 184 university students (47.8% men and 52.2% women) with a mean age of 21.1 ± 2.0 years. The survey included students’ sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits and fast-food consumption. Chi-square test, t-test and binary logistic regression analysis were used depending on the characteristics of the data.

Findings
Results indicated that 39.7% of the students consumed fast food at least once in 15 days and preferred these foods for taste, workload and social activity. Consumption of fast food occurred at an earlier age in men (%13.6) and the portions were higher than portions of vegetables (p = 0.001). By using regression analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between the frequency of fast-food consumption and age, gender, economic status, BMI, the amount of vegetables consumed daily and the habit of eating breakfast (p < 0.05).

Research limitations/implications
It is planned to reach more students in the study. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, transportation to students became difficult or could not be reached.

Originality/value
This study is one of the rare studies examining students’ orientation to fast food. The number of studies in this field in Turkey is limited.
Spatially discrete disturbance processes enhance grassland floral resources
Authors: Duquette Cameron A. , Hovick Torre J. , Geaumont Benjamin A. , Harmon Jason P. , Limb Ryan F. , Sedivec Kevin K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Grasslands provide essential floral resources for both managed and wild pollinators. However, grassland flowers in remaining native landscapes are threatened due to non‐native plant invasions and alterations to historic disturbance regimes such as fire and grazing. The potential for managed disturbance to promote grassland floral resources remains unclear. Fire and grazing historically occurred interactively, but uniform application of each may be a detriment to floral resources and the pollinators depending on them. Though fire can increase resources available to plants and stimulate flowering, it initially destroys floral resources and may delay flower availability. Similarly, grazing removes competitors of flowering plants, but destroys flower heads.

To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the impacts of rotational fire and cattle grazing (patch‐burn grazing with one and two seasons of fire per year) versus traditional season‐long grazing with no fire on floral resources in mixed‐grass prairie. In patch‐burn treatments, part of each pasture is burned each year, which focuses grazing activity due to the high‐quality regrowth. We aimed to use fire to remove litter around flowering plants while also sheltering established flower heads from grazing pressure by directing cattle away from regenerating forbs in unburned portions of the landscape. Over two summers, we performed weekly flower surveys in season‐long grazing and patch‐burn grazing pastures. We analysed total seasonal floral resources, maximum floral abundance and seasonal species richness between treatments.

Over 2 years, we surveyed 1,238,241 ramets of 160 species, focusing on 36 common species for individual analysis. We found broad positive associations between patch‐burn grazing and total seasonal flower abundance, maximum flower abundance and species richness compared to traditional management. In most cases, patch‐burn grazing with dormant and growing season fires produced higher floral abundance, total seasonal floral resources and species richness than patch‐burning with dormant season fires alone, suggesting benefits of increased levels of pyrodiversity.

Synthesis and applications. Under increasing pressure to manage for declining pollinators, rangeland managers must consider strategies to enhance floral resources within the context of livestock production goals. The spatiotemporal interaction of cattle grazing and fire shows promise for promoting floral resource abundance and diversity.
Above‐ and belowground drivers of intraspecific trait variability across subcontinental gradients for five ubiquitous forest plants in North America
Authors: Cardou Françoise , Munson Alison D. , Boisvert‐Marsh Laura , Anand Madhur , Arsenault André , Bell F. Wayne , Bergeron Yves , Boulangeat Isabelle , Delagrange Sylvain , Fenton Nicole J. , Gravel Dominique , Hamel Benoît , Hébert François , Johnstone Jill F. , Kumordzi Bright B. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Mallik Azim , McIntosh Anne C. S. , McLaren Jennie R. , Messier Christian , Morris Dave , Shipley Bill , Sirois Luc , Thiffault Nelson , Aubin Isabelle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntraspecific trait variability (ITV) provides the material for species' adaptation to environmental changes. To advance our understanding of how ITV can contribute to species' adaptation to a wide range of environmental conditions, we studied five widespread understorey forest species exposed to both continental‐scale climate gradients, and local soil and disturbance gradients. We investigated the environmental drivers of between‐site leaf and root trait variation, and tested whether higher between‐site ITV was associated with increased trait sensitivity to environmental variation (i.e. environmental fit).We measured morphological (specific leaf area: SLA, specific root length: SRL) and chemical traits (Leaf and Root N, P, K, Mg, Ca) of five forest understorey vascular plant species at 78 sites across Canada. A total of 261 species‐by‐site combinations spanning ~4300 km were sampled, capturing important abiotic and biotic environmental gradients (neighbourhood composition, canopy structure, soil conditions, climate). We used multivariate and univariate linear mixed models to identify drivers of ITV and test the association of between‐site ITV with environmental fit.Between‐site ITV of leaf traits was primarily driven by canopy structure and climate. Comparatively, environmental drivers explained only a small proportion of variability in root traits: these relationships were trait specific and included soil conditions (Root P), canopy structure (Root N) and neighbourhood composition (SRL, Root K). Between‐site ITV was associated with increased environmental fit only for a minority of traits, primarily in response to climate (SLA, Leaf N, SRL).Synthesis. By studying how ITV is structured along environmental gradients among species adapted to a wide range of conditions, we can begin to understand how individual species might respond to environmental change. Our results show that generalisable trait–environment relationships occur primarily aboveground, and only accounted for a small proportion of variability. For our group of species with broad ecological niches, variability in traits was only rarely associated with higher environmental fit, and primarily along climatic gradients. These results point to promising research avenues on the various ways in which trait variation can affect species' performance along different environmental gradients.
State repression of racist associations: Dilemmas of tolerance in the Nordic countries
Authors: Backlund Anders 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen faced with organised racism, liberal democracies attempt to strike a balance between combating extremism and protecting core values such as freedom of association. Earlier research has argued that states that have experienced nondemocratic regime control in the twentieth century—either through a domestic takeover or a foreign occupation—are more likely to take a repressive approach to racist associations. In this study, I show that the previously overlooked Nordic region speaks against this explanation. Finland, which managed to avert a domestic authoritarian threat, is more repressive of racist associations than are the Scandinavian countries. The latter, two of which faced Nazi occupation, take a more liberal approach, which targets illegal actions rather than associations. These findings lead me to argue that the explanatory power of historical legacies cannot be reduced to a binary indicator such as nondemocratic regime control. I conclude by proposing a direction for future research on state repression of organised racism.
Case report: First case of intracranial abscess treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Hong Kong
Authors: Chau Jeffrey Cheuk Wai , Yan Wing Wa , Pang Kai Yuen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report on a 53 year old male suffering from intracranial abscess due to intracranial spread of infection from necrotic tissue in nasopharynx. He was suffering from recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with chemoradiotherapy done. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a new modality of adjunctive treatment available in the recent 2 years in Hong Kong. This patient is the first intracranial abscess patient being treated with HBOT in Hong Kong. We notice a rapid improvement in his cognitive level as well as neurological deficit after a series of 20 HBOT treatment sessions.
Assessing star value: The influence of prior performance and visibility on compensation strategy
Authors: Terry Ryan P. , McGee Jeffrey E. , Kass Malcolm J. , Collings David G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe greatest competition among rivals in many industries is not for market share but human capital. In the so‐called talent war, organisations compete aggressively to attract star employees—individuals with disproportionate productivity and external visibility—in pursuit of competitive advantage. Building on human capital and resource‐based view theories, we argue that firms' compensation strategies are influenced by the intangible assets that define stars. With data from Major League Baseball, we find that organisations are likely to pay higher wages to stars based on their prior performance and visibility. Furthermore, our data indicate that firm competitive position influences which of these intangible assets holds greater value for managers. We discuss the implications of these findings for organisations waging a war for talent and suggest directions for future research on a matter that is far from over.