bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ethanol Extract Karamunting Leaf (Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk) on Testosterone Hormone Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Model Rats
Authors: Khatimah Husnul , Rosida Lena , Kaidah Siti , Yuliana Ida 
Published: April 2022

Karamunting leaf is a natural ingredient in South Kalimantan and is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can decrease hormone testosterone. Research on Karamunting leaves on testosterone levels had not been widely studied. The aim was to analyse the effect of administration ethanol extract Karamunting leaf on testosterone levels in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. The method was true experimental, Posttest Control Group. The research groups were divided into 4 groups. The control group giving streptozotocin induction at dosage 40 mg/kg bw rats intra-peritoneally. The treatment group was a group of rats DM treated with ethanol extract of Karamunting leaf at dosage 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 400 mg/kg bw. The treatment in the research group was carried out for 14 days. On day 15, blood was taken to measure testosterone levels by the ELISA method and glucose blood. The data were analysed with Kolmogorov Smirnov and Mann Whitney. Testosterone levels increased with administration of ethanol extract Karamunting leaves at dose 100 mg/kg bw (16.58 ± 2.8) and 400 mg/kg bw (16.17 ± 2.07) when compared with the control group (14.56 ± 0.8). Administration of ethanolic extract of Karamunting leaf in DM rats has an effect on testosterone levels.
Quality of life among mothers of preterm newborns in a Malaysian neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Ong Swee Leong , Soh Kim Lam , Hussin Emni Omar Daw , Japar Salimah , Soh Kim Geok , Vorasiha Ponpun , Daud Azlina 
Published: April 2022

Background: As Quality of Life (QoL) becomes progressively vital in health care services, its importance in mother and child health is of no exception too. Quality of life among mothers with a premature newborn is an issue that has led to growing concerns in the health care system. Yet, despite the knowledge about mother’s QoL being essential to family-centered planning on prematurity integrated healthcare, current evidence has been scant.
Objective: To examine factors related to the QoL of mothers having preterm newborns hospitalized in the neonatal critical unit.
Methods: A non-probability convenience survey was used in a public hospital in Malaysia, covering 180 mothers whose preterm newborns were hospitalized into level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) through the completion of a 26-questions survey of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the 26-questions of Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficients.
Result: The mean scores for mothers' quality of life were (M = 3.67, SD = 0.73) and maternal stress (M = 3.03, SD = 0.90) out of 5. A mother’s occupation was found to be the only factor associated with the quality of life among mothers who have preterm newborns admitted to the NICU. Furthermore, maternal role change was found to have a moderate negative relationship with the quality of life (r = 0.310, p = 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the main factors contributing to the mother’s QoL during their preterm newborns’ NICU admission were role change-related stress. Thus, to maintain a better QoL among this group of mothers during this traumatic period, a special nursing intervention program must be implemented immediately, right after the preterm newborns’ admission, to relieve the mothers’ stress which has been proven to have a direct effect on the mothers’ QoL. The study results will alert healthcare providers, particularly neonatal nurses, on the need to support mothers psychologically in terms of role change. This is to ensure a better quality of life among mothers whose newborns were admitted to the NICU.
Life skills and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in Indonesia: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mediawati Ati Surya , Yosep Iyus , Mardhiyah Ai 
Published: April 2022

Background: Adolescents require life skills and individual and interpersonal abilities to grow into adults with a healthy lifestyle. Although the majority of the literature indicates that life skills increase teenagers’ cognitive, social, and emotional abilities, there is a lack of data correlating life skills to sexual risk behaviors.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between life skills and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents aged 15–19 in Bandung, Indonesia.
Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey of 480 adolescents from April to May 2021. A representative sample was drawn from the students aged 15–19 years. The participants were selected using simple random sampling generated by computer software. Life Skill Training Questionnaire High School (LSTQ-HS) and sexual risk behaviors instruments were used for data collection, and logistic regression was used for data analysis.
Results: From a total of 480 respondents, about 23.3% had masturbation experience, 25.8% had petting experience, 8.3% had sexual intercourse, 5% had sex before 18 years of age, and 4.2% had oral sex experience. Sexual risky behaviors were associated with unfavorable refusal skill (AOR = 6.46, 95% CI = 2.37, 17.53), assertiveness skill (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.33), problem-solving skill (AOR = 5.35, 95% CI = 2.88, 11.39), and self-control skill (AOR = 7.31, 95% CI = 2.79, 17.24).
Conclusion: Life skills are important protective aspects for those who engage in sexually risky behavior. Considering the study findings, tailored life skills programs are critical for adolescent wellbeing and risk reduction. Nurses who take a proactive role in providing sexual and reproductive health services may provide more accurate information and provide early screening and assessment for sexual and reproductive behavior to reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents. Schools are also encouraged to work with local health departments to conduct sexual education counseling programs.
Comparative Evaluation of Stress Acting on Abutment, Bone, and Connector of Different Designs of Acid-Etched Resin-Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Shaikh Saquib Ahmed , Rai Punith , Aldhuwayhi Sami , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar , Lekha Krishnapalli , Joseph Angel Mary , Kumari Vardharaj Vinutha , Meshramkar Roseline 
Published: April 2022

Background: Finite element analysis (FEA) is one of the best methods for evaluating the stress distribution of restorations, such as fixed partial dentures. The development of resin cement has transformed prosthesis bonding and retention properties. Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPD) have been considered minimally invasive treatment options for the prosthetic rehabilitation of single missing teeth.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress load and distribution in four different designs of acid-etched RBFPDs using FEA.Materials and Methods: The designs included standard tooth preparation principles and additional features. The first premolar and first molar abutments replaced the missing second premolar. Designs 1, 2, 3, and 4 included (1) lingual wings and occlusal rests; (2) wings and proximal slices; (3) wings, rests, and grooves; and (4) wings, rests, grooves, and occlusal coverage. The prepared models were restored with RBFPDs. A load of 100 N was applied to the central groove of the pontic to simulate occlusal forces. The materials used in the models were considered to be isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. FEA was used to reveal stresses acting on the abutment, bone, and connector in all prosthesis designs.Results: The stresses transmitted to the abutment and bones were lowest for design 3, using wings, rests, and grooves. The stresses acting on the connector were the weakest in design 2. The stresses transmitted to the abutment and bone were highest in designs 1 and 4. The stresses transmitted to the connector were highest in design 3.Conclusion: The wings, rests, and grooves design is possibly the ideal and conservative tooth preparation design to receive a posterior RBFPD. This design transmits less stress to the abutments and less bone resorption in the FEA. It is most likely to be successful in the clinical provision and ensures the longevity of the prosthesis.
Ectopic Endometrial Cell-Derived Exosomal Moesin Induces Eutopic Endometrial Cell Migration, Enhances Angiogenesis and Cytosolic Inflammation in Lesions Contributes to Endometriosis Progression
Authors: Abudula Maidinaimu , Fan Xiaodan , Zhang Jing , Li Jiajie , Zhou Xiaoming , Chen Yichen 
Published: April 2022

Background: Endometriosis (EMs) is the most common gynaecological disorder with its etiology and/or pathophysiology remains enigmatic. Recent studies showed that extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes in particular, play a critical role in developing various clinical disorders. However, the implication of exosomes in endometriosis progression has not been well elucidated.Method: The ectopic stromal cellular exosomes (eEVs) were assessed by transwell assay, scratch tests, tube formation assay, western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis. Protein expression profiles of exosomes in endometrial tissue and vaginal discharge collected from patients with EMS and healthy donors were analysed by Mass spectrometry. siRNA interference technology was used to inhibit the expression of exosomal protein for the functional analysis in in-vivo. Finally, in-vitro experiments were performed to validate the results that we observed in EMs mouse model.Results:In vitro, we discovered that eEVs improved NSC migratory potential by upregulating MMP9 expression and activity. eEVs also aided angiogenesis and elevated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in ovarian epithelial cells, according to our findings. Moesin (MSN) levels in ESC exosomes were substantially greater than in NSC exosomes (1.22e8±5.58e6 vs. 6.605e7±4.574e6, LFQ intensity), as shown by protein mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. In ectopic stromal cells, ERa receptors stimulated the RhoA/Rock-2/MSN pathway. We discovered that downregulating exosomal moesin reduced NSC migration (about 3-fold change) and MMP9 expression (about 2-fold change). On the other hand, Exomsni inhibited angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokine release. In vivo the result of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that exosomal MSN substantially modified the expression of MM9, VEGFR and p-VEGFR in polyclonal lesions. In addition, we discovered an elevation in the expression of proinflammatory factors in the surrounding tissue.Conclusion: Exosomal MSN derived from ectopic stromal cells can contribute to endometriosis progression by mediating the construction of a “migration-vascularization-inflammation” loop in the ectopic environment.
Glucocorticoids Preferentially Influence Expression of Nucleoskeletal Actin Network and Cell Adhesive Proteins in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells
Authors: Bachman William , Maddala Rupalatha , Chakraborty Ayon , Eldawy Camelia , Skiba Nikolai P. , Rao Ponugoti V. 
Published: April 2022

Clinical use of glucocorticoids is associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma. Glucocorticoids have been reported to induce changes in actin cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, fibrogenic activity, and mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue, which plays a crucial role in aqueous humor dynamics and IOP homeostasis. However, we have a limited understanding of the molecular underpinnings regulating these myriad processes in TM cells. To understand how proteins, including cytoskeletal and cell adhesion proteins that are recognized to shuttle between the cytosolic and nuclear regions, influence gene expression and other cellular activities, we used proteomic analysis to characterize the nuclear protein fraction of dexamethasone (Dex) treated human TM cells. Treatment of human TM cells with Dex for 1, 5, or 7 days led to consistent increases (by ≥ two-fold) in the levels of various actin cytoskeletal regulatory, cell adhesive, and vesicle trafficking proteins. Increases (≥two-fold) were also observed in levels of Wnt signaling regulator (glypican-4), actin-binding chromatin modulator (BRG1) and nuclear actin filament depolymerizing protein (MICAL2; microtubule-associated monooxygenase, calponin and LIM domain containing), together with a decrease in tissue plasminogen activator. These changes were independently further confirmed by immunoblotting analysis. Interestingly, deficiency of BRG1 expression blunted the Dex-induced increases in the levels of some of these proteins in TM cells. In summary, these findings indicate that the widely recognized changes in actin cytoskeletal and cell adhesive attributes of TM cells by glucocorticoids involve actin regulated BRG1 chromatin remodeling, nuclear MICAL2, and glypican-4 regulated Wnt signaling upstream of the serum response factor/myocardin controlled transcriptional activity.
Electrochemical Behavior and Direct Quantitative Determination of Paclitaxel
Authors: Lang Jiaqi , Wang Wenting , Zhou You , Guo Dongqin , Shi Rujie , Zhou Nong 
Published: April 2022

The electrochemical behavior and direct quantitative determination of paclitaxel, a poorly soluble drug made into microemulsion, were researched by cyclic voltammetry in acetate buffer solutions (pH = 4.0) at a glassy carbon electrode. The results show that the oxidation process is irreversible and controlled by diffusion. Moreover, the effects of anodic peak current (Ipa), anodic peak potential, scan rate, pH, and the electrochemical redox mechanism have been studied. The anodic peak current varied linearly with paclitaxel concentration in the range of 5 × 10−5 mol/L to 5 × 10−4 mol/L, and the detection limit was 9.15 × 10−8 mol/L. The results of RSD (0.90%) and recovery (99.22%–101.69%) were obtained. Additionally, it has been proved that one electron and one proton are involved in the electrochemical redox process. The present research has been successfully used to determine paclitaxel in pure and real samples, which further supported the electrochemical behavior investigation of paclitaxel and direct determination of micro-emulsion.
Dynamics of Emergency Cardiovascular Hospital Admissions and In-Hospital Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Time Series Analysis and Impact of Socioeconomic Factors
Authors: Álvarez-Martín Claudia , Ribera Aida , Marsal Josep Ramon , Ariza-Solé Albert , Pérez-Hoyos Santiago , Oristrell Gerard , Soriano-Colomé Toni , Romaguera Rafael , Pijoan Jose Ignacio , Lidón Rosa M. , Mauri Josepa , Ferreira-González Ignacio 
Published: April 2022

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the decline in urgent cardiovascular hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality during the COVID pandemic in two successive waves, and to evaluate differences by sex, age, and deprivation index subgroups.Methods and ResultsWe obtained acute cardiovascular hospital episodes during the years 2019–2020 from region-wide data on public healthcare usage for the population of Catalonia (North-East Spain). We fitted time models to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute heart failure (HF) admissions during the first pandemic wave, the between-waves period, and the second wave compared with the corresponding pre-COVID-19 periods and to test for the interaction with sex, age, and area-based socioeconomic level. We evaluated the effect of COVID-19 period on in-hospital mortality. ACS (n = 8,636) and HF (n = 27,566) episodes were defined using primary diagnostic ICD-10 codes. ACS and HF admissions decreased during the first wave (IRR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.58–0.76 and IRR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.55–0.68, respectively) and during the second wave (IRR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.72–0.88 and IRR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.69–0.84, respectively); acute HF admissions also decreased in the period between waves (IRR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.74–0.89). The impact was similar in all sex and socioeconomic subgroups and was higher in older patients with ACS. In-hospital mortality was higher than expected only during the first wave.ConclusionDuring the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked decline in urgent cardiovascular hospital admissions that were attenuated during the second wave. Both the decline and the attenuation of the effect have been similar in all subgroups regardless of age, sex, or socioeconomic status. In-hospital mortality for ACS and HF episodes increased during the first wave, but not during the second wave.
Tricuspid Annulus Dilation in Patients With Combined Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation and Left-Heart Valvular Disease: Does Septal Annulus Not Dilate?
Authors: Teng Peng , Dai Xiaoyi , Zou Yu , Yuan Shuai , Chen Yan , Ma Liang , Ni Yiming 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the course of tricuspid annulus dilation in functional tricuspid regurgitation with varied severities by direct intraoperative assessment.MethodsA total of 317 patients who underwent left heart surgery and concomitant tricuspid repair were divided into three groups according to the severity of the functional tricuspid regurgitation (mild, moderate and severe). Demographic and echocardiographic data were collected. The length of each tricuspid annulus segment was measured intraoperatively. The risk factors for preoperative severe functional tricuspid regurgitation and its postoperative recurrence were identified, and the impact of each tricuspid annulus segment on postoperative recurrence was compared.ResultsIn the course of tricuspid annulus dilation, the posterior annulus dilated 17% (group 1: 33.31 ± 6.94 mm vs. group 2: 35.56 ± 7.63 vs. group 3: 38.98 ± 8.70, p &lt; 0.01), the anterior annulus dilated 13.4% (group 1: 36.71 ± 6.30 mm vs. group 2: 38.21 ± 8.35 vs. group 3: 41.63 ± 9.20, p &lt; 0.01), and the septal annulus dilated 11.4% (group 1: 38.11 ± 5.28 mm vs. group 2: 39.76 ± 6.90 vs. group 3: 42.46 ± 7.50, p &lt; 0.01). Tricuspid annulus circumference index (p &lt; 0.01) independently correlated with preoperative severe tricuspid regurgitation and postoperative recurrence. When patients were grouped based on the length of each segment, the septal annulus demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (p &lt; 0.001) to postoperative recurrence than the anterior (p = 0.085) or posterior annulus (p = 0.262).ConclusionsThis study revealed that each segment of tricuspid annulus could dilate in functional tricuspid regurgitation and highlighted the potential benefits of septal annulus plication in tricuspid annuloplasty, which may aid in the development of a methodology for prosthetic ring annuloplasty.
Tidal Modulation of Ice Streams: Effect of Periodic Sliding Velocity on Ice Friction and Healing
Authors: McCarthy Christine , Skarbek Rob M. , Savage Heather M. 
Published: April 2022

Basal slip along glaciers and ice streams can be significantly modified by external time-dependent forcing, although it is not clear why some systems are more sensitive to tidal stresses. We have conducted a series of laboratory experiments to explore the effect of time varying load point velocity on ice-on-rock friction. Varying the load point velocity induces shear stress forcing, making this an analogous simulation of aspects of ice stream tidal modulation. Ambient pressure, double-direct shear experiments were conducted in a cryogenic servo-controlled biaxial deformation apparatus at temperatures between −2°C and −16°C. In addition to a background, median velocity (1 and 10 μm/s), a sinusoidal velocity was applied to the central sliding sample over a range of periods and amplitudes. Normal stress was held constant over each run (0.1, 0.5 or 1 MPa) and the shear stress was measured. Over the range of parameters studied, the full spectrum of slip behavior from creeping to slow-slip to stick-slip was observed, similar to the diversity of sliding styles observed in Antarctic and Greenland ice streams. Under conditions in which the amplitude of oscillation is equal to the median velocity, significant healing occurs as velocity approaches zero, causing a high-amplitude change in friction. The amplitude of the event increases with increasing period (i.e. hold time). At high normal stress, velocity oscillations force an otherwise stable system to behave unstably, with consistently-timed events during every cycle. Rate-state friction parameters determined from velocity steps show that the ice-rock interface is velocity strengthening. A companion paper describes a method of analyzing the oscillatory data directly. Forward modeling of a sinusoidally-driven slider block, using rate-and-state dependent friction formulation and experimentally derived parameters, successfully predicts the experimental output in all but a few cases.
Carbon Dioxide and its Carbon Isotopic Composition of Natural Gas in the Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Dai Jinxing , Ni Yunyan , Liu Quanyou , Wu Xiaoqi , Yu Cong , Gong Deyu , Hong Feng , Zhang Yanling , Yan Zengmin 
Published: April 2022

The Sichuan Basin, covering an area of 180 × 103 km2, has the following advantages in natural gas geology: The sedimentary rocks are 6,000–12,000 m thick with high maturity of source rocks, and nine sets of primary gas source rocks are developed in the basin with a gas–oil ratio of 80:1, and thus it is a gas basin. The remaining recoverable reserves of conventional and unconventional natural gas are up to 13.6404 × 1012 m3. Multiple gas-bearing systems are developed with 25 conventional and tight oil and gas producing layers and 135 discovered gas fields, and the total proved geological reserves and cumulative production of natural gas by the end of 2019 were 5.7966 × 1012 m3 and 648.8 × 109 m3, respectively. The CO2 components and the correlation with relevant parameters for 243 samples from 22 gas fields indicate that CO2 in the Sichuan Basin display the following two characteristics: (1) Relatively low CO2 content of 0.02%–22.90% with an average of 2.96%, which guaranteed the commerciality of natural gas exploration and production; (2) cratonic CO2, which is characterized by low CO2 contents (&lt;5%) and low R/Ra ratios (&lt;0.24). According to the δ13CCO2 values and the relationship with R/Ra, δ13C1, CO2 contents, and wetness coefficient (W) for 263 gas samples, the δ13CCO2 values display three characteristics: (1) The highest δ13CCO2 value (10.4‰) in China is found in the Fuling shale gas field, which extends the interval values from previous −39‰–7‰ to −39‰–10.4‰. (2) The δ13CCO2 values can be applied to identify the CO2 origin of natural gas in the Sichuan Basin: type A, organic origin from thermal decomposition of organic matter, with an average δ13CCO2 value of −12.8‰ and average wetness coefficient of 7.8% for 44 samples; type B, organic origin from thermal cracking of organic matter, with an average δ13CCO2 value of −15.7‰ and average wetness coefficient of 1.30% for 34 samples; type C, inorganic origin from thermal decomposition or organic acid dissolution of carbonate rocks or minerals, with an average δ13CCO2 value of −1.8‰ and average wetness coefficient of 0.85% for 175 samples. (3) δ13CCO2&gt;δ13CCH4. This is a common characteristic shared by all geological age (from Z2dn to J2s) gas reservoirs and various gas types (coal-derived gas, oil-associated gas, and shale gas).