bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The missing base molecules in atmospheric acid–base nucleation
Authors: Cai Runlong , Yin Rujing , Yan Chao , Yang Dongsen , Deng Chenjuan , Dada Lubna , Kangasluoma Juha , Kontkanen Jenni , Halonen Roope , Ma Yan , Zhang Xiuhui , Paasonen Pauli , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Liu Yongchun , Bianchi Federico , Zheng Jun , Wang Lin , Hao Jiming , Smith James N , Donahue Neil M , Kulmala Markku , Worsnop Douglas R , Jiang Jingkun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Transformation of low-volatility gaseous precursors to new particles affects aerosol number concentration, cloud formation and hence the climate. The clustering of acid and base molecules is a major mechanism driving fast nucleation and initial growth of new particles in the atmosphere. However, the acid–base cluster composition, measured using state-of-the-art mass spectrometers, cannot explain the measured high formation rate of new particles. Here we present strong evidence for the existence of base molecules such as amines in the smallest atmospheric sulfuric acid clusters prior to their detection by mass spectrometers. We demonstrate that forming (H2SO4)1(amine)1 is the rate-limiting step in atmospheric H2SO4-amine nucleation and the uptake of (H2SO4)1(amine)1 is a major pathway for the initial growth of H2SO4 clusters. The proposed mechanism is very consistent with measured new particle formation in urban Beijing, in which dimethylamine is the key base for H2SO4 nucleation while other bases such as ammonia may contribute to the growth of larger clusters. Our findings further underline the fact that strong amines, even at low concentrations and when undetected in the smallest clusters, can be crucial to particle formation in the planetary boundary layer.
Robust and dynamic underwater adhesives enabled by catechol-functionalized poly(disulfides) network
Authors: Shi Chen-Yu , He Dan-Dan , Zhang Qi , Tong Fei , Shi Zhao-Tao , Tian He , Qu Da-Hui 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Developing molecular approaches to the creation of robust and water-resistant adhesive materials promotes a fundamental understanding of interfacial adhesion mechanisms as well as future applications of biomedical adhesive materials. Here, we present a simple and robust strategy that combines natural thioctic acid and mussel-inspired iron-catechol complexes to enable ultra-strong adhesive materials that can be used underwater and simultaneously exhibit unprecedentedly high adhesion strength on diverse surfaces. Our experimental results show that the robust crosslinking interaction of the iron-catechol complexes, as well as high-density hydrogen bonding, are responsible for the ultra-high interfacial adhesion strength. The embedding effect of the hydrophobic solvent-free network of poly(disulfides) further enhances the water-resistance. The dynamic covalent poly(disulfides) network also makes the resulting materials reconfigurable, thus enabling reusability via repeated heating and cooling. This molecule-engineering strategy offers a general and versatile solution to the design and construction of dynamic supramolecular adhesive materials.
Treatment With a Three-Drug Regimen for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Based on Rapid Molecular Detection of Isoniazid Resistance: A Noninferiority Randomized Trial (FAST-TB)
Authors: De Castro N , Mechaï F , Bachelet D , Canestri A , Joly V , Vandenhende M , Boutoille D , Kerjouan M , Veziris N , Molina J M , Grall N , Tattevin P , Laouénan C , Yazdanpanah Y ,   for the FAST TB Study Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The rationale behind the use of ethambutol in the standard tuberculosis treatment is to prevent the emergence of resistance to rifampicin in case of primary resistance to isoniazid. We evaluated whether early detection of isoniazid resistance using molecular testing allows the use an ethambutol-free regimen.

Methods
FAST-TB, a phase 4, French, multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority trial, compared 2 strategies: (1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance at baseline using Genotype MTBDRplus version 2.0 followed by ethambutol discontinuation if no resistance was detected (PCR arm) and (2) a standard 4-drug combination, pending phenotypic drug-susceptibility results (C arm). Adult patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with treatment success defined as bacteriological or clinical cure at the end of treatment. A non-inferiority margin of 10% was used.

Results
Two hundred three patients were randomized, 104 in the PCR arm and 99 in the C arm: 26.6% were female, median age was 37 (interquartile range, 28–51) years, 72.4% were born in Africa, and 5.4% were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Chest x-ray showed cavities in 64.5% of the cases. Overall, 169 patients met criteria of treatment success: 87 of 104 (83.7%) in the PCR arm and 82 of 99 (82.8%) in the C arm with a difference of +0.8% (90% confidence interval, −7.9 to 9.6), meeting the noninferiority criteria in the intention-to-treat population (P = .02).

Conclusions
In a setting with low prevalence of primary isoniazid resistance, a 3-drug combination with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide, based on rapid detection of isoniazid resistance using molecular testing, was noninferior to starting the recommended 4-drug regimen.
Aggregating Human Judgment Probabilistic Predictions of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Transmission, Burden, and Preventive Measures
Authors: Codi Allison , Luk Damon , Braun David , Cambeiro Juan , Besiroglu Tamay , Chen Eva , de Cesaris Luis Enrique Urtubey , Bocchini Paolo , McAndrew Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aggregated human judgment forecasts for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) targets of public health importance are accurate, often outperforming computational models. Our work shows that aggregated human judgment forecasts for infectious agents are timely, accurate, and adaptable, and can be used as a tool to aid public health decision making during outbreaks.
Private Practice Dentists Improve Antibiotic Use After Dental Antibiotic Stewardship Education From Infectious Diseases Experts
Authors: Goff Debra A , Mangino Julie E , Trolli Elizabeth , Scheetz Richard , Goff Douglas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Private practice dentists represent 72% of United States dentists. We conducted a prospective cohort study of private practice dentists comparing antibiotic use before and after dental antibiotic stewardship education by infectious diseases (ID) antibiotic stewardship experts.

Methods
Study phases were as follows: phase 1 (preeducation), 3 months of retrospective antibiotic data and a presurvey assessed baseline antibiotic knowledge; phase 2 (education), dentists attended 3 evening Zoom sessions; phase 3, (posteducation/interventions), 3 months of prospective audits with weekly feedback; phase 4, postsurvey and recommendations to reach more dentists.

Results
Fifteen dentists participated. Ten had practiced &gt;20 years. Presurvey, 14 were unfamiliar with dental stewardship. The number of antibiotic prescriptions pre/post decreased from 2124 to 1816 (P &lt; .00001), whereas procedures increased from 8526 to 9063. Overall, appropriate use (prophylaxis and treatment) increased from 19% pre to 87.9% post (P &lt; .0001). Appropriate prophylaxis was 46.6% pre and 76.7% post (P &lt; .0001). Joint implant prophylaxis decreased from 164 pre to 78 post (P &lt; .0001). Appropriate treatment antibiotics pre/post improved 5-fold from 15% to 90.2% (P = .0001). Antibiotic duration pre/post decreased from 7.7 days (standard deviation [SD], 2.2 days) to 5.1 days (SD, 1.6 days) (P &lt; .0001). Clindamycin use decreased 90% from 183 pre to 18 post (P &lt; .0001). Postsurvey responses recommended making antibiotic stewardship a required annual continuing education. Study participants invited ID antibiotic stewardship experts to teach an additional 2125 dentists via dental study clubs.

Conclusions
After learning dental antibiotic stewardship from ID antibiotic stewardship experts, dentists rapidly optimized antibiotic prescribing. Private practice dental study clubs are expanding dental antibiotic stewardship training to additional dentists, hygienists, and patients across the United States.
Clinical features at diagnosis of sickle cell disease prior to universal newborn screening in Alberta
Authors: Monagel Dania A , Monteiro Jessica , Thull-Freedman Jennifer , Ruzycki Angela , Leaker Michael , Steele MacGregor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited multisystem disorder with complications starting in the first year of life. Newborn screening (NBS) can identify infants with SCD and is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality. Variation in availability of NBS in Canada, and lack of standardized screening for immigrant children, may lead to delayed diagnosis.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 126 children aged 0–18 years with SCD registered with the SCD clinic at the Alberta Children’s Hospital between January 2003 and January 2018, prior to province-wide universal NBS for SCD. Patient demographic information, circumstances of diagnosis, and other contextual information were collected from patient health records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, with Mood’s median test used to compare medians between groups.

Results
Forty-three (35%) patients were born in Alberta. Patients were mostly (95.3%) of African descent. Of patients born in Alberta, 63% (26/43) were diagnosed at &gt;12 months of age, with a median age at diagnosis of 18 months (IQR = 4–39). This was significantly older (P &lt; 0.001) than children born in the USA or in Canadian provinces with SCD NBS programs, where the median age at diagnosis was zero months (N = 36). Of the 42% of patients born outside North America, 64% were diagnosed following an acute complication.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of NBS for early detection and management of SCD, and the importance of screening at-risk immigrants who may not have received NBS for SCD.
Electron tomography of prolamellar bodies and their transformation into grana thylakoids in cryofixed Arabidopsis cotyledons
Authors: Liang Zizhen , Yeung Wai-Tsun , Ma Juncai , Mai Keith Ka Ki , Liu Zhongyuan , Chong Yau-Lun Felix , Cai Xiaohao , Kang Byung-Ho 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The para-crystalline structures of prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and light-induced etioplast-to-chloroplast transformation have been investigated via electron microscopy. However, such studies suffer from chemical fixation artifacts and limited volumes of 3D reconstruction. Here, we examined Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon cells by electron tomography (ET) to visualize etioplasts and their conversion into chloroplasts. We employed scanning transmission ET to image large volumes and high-pressure freezing to improve sample preservation. PLB tubules were arranged in a zinc blende-type lattice-like carbon atoms in diamonds. Within 2 h after illumination, the lattice collapsed from the PLB exterior and the disorganized tubules merged to form thylakoid sheets (pre-granal thylakoids), which folded and overlapped with each other to create grana stacks. Since the nascent pre-granal thylakoids contained curved membranes in their tips, we examined the expression and localization of CURT1 (CURVATURE THYLAKOID1) proteins. CURT1A transcripts were most abundant in de-etiolating cotyledon samples, and CURT1A was concentrated at the PLB periphery. In curt1a etioplasts, PLB-associated thylakoids were swollen and failed to form grana stacks. In contrast, PLBs had cracks in their lattices in curt1c etioplasts. Our data provide evidence that CURT1A is required for pre-granal thylakoid assembly from PLB tubules during de-etiolation, while CURT1C contributes to cubic crystal growth in the dark.
A nuclear import pathway exploited by pathogenic noncoding RNAs
Authors: Ma Junfei , Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Shachinthaka D , Park Woong June , Wang Mo , Takeda Ryuta , Liu Bin , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The prevailing view of intracellular RNA trafficking in eukaryotic cells is that RNAs transcribed in the nucleus either stay in the nucleus or cross the nuclear envelope, entering the cytoplasm for function. However, emerging evidence illustrates that numerous functional RNAs move in the reverse direction, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The mechanism underlying RNA nuclear import has not been well elucidated. Viroids are single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. Using Nicotiana benthamiana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and nuclear-replicating viroids as a model, we showed that cellular IMPORTIN ALPHA-4 (IMPa-4) is likely involved in viroid RNA nuclear import, empirically supporting the involvement of Importin-based cellular pathway in RNA nuclear import. We also confirmed the involvement of a cellular protein (viroid RNA-binding protein 1 [VIRP1]) that binds both IMPa-4 and viroids. Moreover, a conserved C-loop in nuclear-replicating viroids serves as a key signal for nuclear import. Disrupting C-loop impairs VIRP1 binding, viroid nuclear accumulation, and infectivity. Further, C-loop exists in a subviral satellite noncoding RNA that relies on VIRP1 for nuclear import. These results advance our understanding of subviral RNA infection and the regulation of RNA nuclear import.
A mutant-based analysis of the establishment of Nod-independent symbiosis in the legume Aeschynomene evenia
Authors: Quilbé Johan , Nouwen Nico , Pervent Marjorie , Guyonnet Rémi , Cullimore Julie , Gressent Frédéric , Araújo Natasha Horta , Gully Djamel , Klopp Christophe , Giraud Eric , Arrighi Jean-François 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Intensive research on nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in two model legumes has uncovered the molecular mechanisms, whereby rhizobial Nod factors activate a plant symbiotic signaling pathway that controls infection and nodule organogenesis. In contrast, the so-called Nod-independent symbiosis found between Aeschynomene evenia and photosynthetic bradyrhizobia, which does not involve Nod factor recognition nor infection thread formation, is less well known. To gain knowledge on how Nod-independent symbiosis is established, we conducted a phenotypic and molecular characterization of A. evenia lines carrying mutations in different nodulation genes. Besides investigating the effect of the mutations on rhizobial symbiosis, we examined their consequences on mycorrhizal symbiosis and in nonsymbiotic conditions. Analyzing allelic mutant series for AePOLLUX, Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinase, AeCYCLOPS, nodulation signaling pathway 2 (AeNSP2), and nodule inception demonstrated that these genes intervene at several stages of intercellular infection and during bacterial accommodation. We provide evidence that AeNSP2 has an additional nitrogen-dependent regulatory function in the formation of axillary root hairs at lateral root bases, which are rhizobia-colonized infection sites. Our investigation of the recently discovered symbiotic actor cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase specified that it is not involved in mycorrhization; however, it is essential for both symbiotic signaling and early infection during nodulation. These findings provide important insights on the modus operandi of Nod-independent symbiosis and contribute to the general understanding of how rhizobial–legume symbioses are established by complementing the information acquired in model legumes.
Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase regulatory protein impacts light response of C4 photosynthesis in Setaria viridis
Authors: Om Kuenzang , Arias Nico N , Jambor Chaney C , MacGregor Alexandra , Rezachek Ashley N , Haugrud Carlan , Kunz Hans-Henning , Wang Zhonghui , Huang Pu , Zhang Quan , Rosnow Josh , Brutnell Thomas P , Cousins Asaph B , Chastain Chris J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In C4 plants, the pyruvate (Pyr), phosphate dikinase regulatory protein (PDRP) regulates the activity of the C4 pathway enzyme Pyr, phosphate dikinase (PPDK) in a light-/dark-dependent manner. The importance of this regulatory action to C4 pathway function and overall C4 photosynthesis is unknown. To resolve this question, we assessed in vivo PPDK phospho-regulation and whole leaf photophysiology in a CRISPR–Cas9 PDRP knockout (KO) mutant of the NADP-ME C4 grass green millet (Setaria viridis). PDRP enzyme activity was undetectable in leaf extracts from PDRP KO lines. Likewise, PPDK phosphorylated at the PDRP-regulatory Thr residue was immunologically undetectable in leaf extracts. PPDK enzyme activity in rapid leaf extracts was constitutively high in the PDRP KO lines, irrespective of light or dark pretreatment of leaves. Gas exchange analysis of net CO2 assimilation revealed PDRP KO leaves had markedly slower light induction kinetics when leaves transition from dark to high-light or low-light to high-light. In the initial 30 min of the light induction phase, KO leaves had an ∼15% lower net CO2 assimilation rate versus the wild-type (WT). Despite the impaired slower induction kinetics, we found growth and vigor of the KO lines to be visibly indistinguishable from the WT when grown in normal air and under standard growth chamber conditions. However, the PDRP KO plants grown under a fluctuating light regime exhibited a gradual multi-day decline in Fv/Fm, indicative of progressive photosystem II damage due to the absence of PDRP. Collectively, our results demonstrate that one of PDRP’s functions in C4 photosynthesis is to ensure optimal photosynthetic light induction kinetics during dynamic changes in incident light.
Point-of-care ultrasound
Authors: Fraleigh Courteney D.M. , Duff Elsie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) is a cost-effective diagnostic technology that, with training, is accessible, portable, and a convenient diagnostic modality to complement physical assessments. PoCUS is beneficial in that it can reduce the number of imaging tests required, while also mitigating barriers to healthcare for rural and remote communities.
Measurable Lumbar Motion Remains 1 Year After Vertebral Body Tethering
Authors: Mathew Smitha E. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Larson A. Noelle 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is growing in popularity for skeletally immature patients with scoliosis because of presumed preservation of spinal motion. Although results have shown preserved thoracic motion, there is minimal data to support motion over the lumbar instrumented segments after VBT. The purpose of this study was to analyze the range of motion of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine after lumbar VBT.

Methods:
Retrospective review of patients treated with lumbar VBT underwent low-dose biplanar flexion-extension and lateral bending radiographs at 1 year after surgery to assess motion. Coronal motion at 1 year was compared with preoperative side-bending radiographs. The angle subtended by the screws at the upper instrumented vertebra and lower instrumented vertebra was measured on left-bending and right-bending radiographs to evaluate the coronal arc of motion and was compared with preoperative values over the same levels measured from the end plates. At 1 year postoperatively, the sagittal angle was measured over the instrumented levels on flexion and extension radiographs.

Results:
Of the 71 scoliosis patients who underwent VBT at our center eligible for 1-year follow-up, 20 had lumbar instrumentation, all of whom had lumbar bending films available at 1 year after surgery. Seven patients had both thoracic and lumbar VBT on the same day and 13 had lumbar or thoracolumbar tether only. Mean age was 13.5±1.9 years. Mean preoperative major coronal curve measured 52+8 degrees (range: 42 to 70) and mean 27 degrees (range: 13 to 40) at latest follow-up. Mean levels instrumented was 8 (range: 5 to 12), with the lowest instrumented level typically L3 (N=14). The mean preoperative coronal arc of motion over the instrumented segments was 38±13 degrees (range: 19 to 73 degrees) and decreased after surgery to a mean arc of 17±7 degrees (range: 7 to 31 degrees). However, 19 of the 20 (95%) had at least a 10-degree coronal arc of motion. Patients maintained on average 46% (range: 22% to 100%) of their preoperative coronal arc of lumbar motion over the instrumented lumbar segments. On flexion-extension lateral radiographs taken at 1 year postoperatively, there was a mean postoperative arc of motion of 30±13 degrees.

Conclusions:
Lumbar VBT resulted in preserved flexion and extension motion at 1 year postoperatively. We also noted some preserved coronal plane motion, but this was decreased compared with preoperative values by ~50%. These findings provide proof of concept that some spinal motion is preserved after lumbar VBT in contrast to lumbar fusion where no motion is retained over the instrumented segments.
The Association of Modifiable Postresuscitation Management and Annual Case Volume With Survival After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Tonna Joseph E. , Selzman Craig H. , Bartos Jason A. , Presson Angela P. , Ou Zhining , Jo Yeonjung , Becker Lance , Youngquist Scott T. , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Johnson M. Austin , Rycus Peter , Keenan Heather T. 
Published: July 2022

IMPORTANCE:
It is not know if hospital-level extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) case volume, or postcannulation clinical management associate with survival outcomes.

OBJECTIVES:
To describe variation in postresuscitation management practices, and annual hospital-level case volume, for patients who receive ECPR and to determine associations between these management practices and hospital survival.

DESIGN:
Observational cohort study using case-mix adjusted survival analysis.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:
Adult patients greater than or equal to 18 years old who received ECPR from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry from 2008 to 2019.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Generalized estimating equation logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with hospital survival, accounting for clustering by center. Factors analyzed included specific clinical management interventions after starting extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) including coronary angiography, mechanical unloading of the left ventricle on ECMO (with additional placement of a peripheral ventricular assist device, intra-aortic balloon pump, or surgical vent), placement of an arterial perfusion catheter distal to the arterial return cannula (to mitigate leg ischemia); potentially modifiable on-ECMO hemodynamics (arterial pulsatility, mean arterial pressure, ECMO flow); plus hospital-level annual case volume for adult ECPR.

RESULTS:
Case-mix adjusted patient-level management practices varied widely across individual hospitals. We analyzed 7,488 adults (29% survival); median age 55 (interquartile range, 44–64), 68% of whom were male. Adjusted hospital survival on ECMO was associated with mechanical unloading of the left ventricle (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.08–1.55; p = 0.005), performance of coronary angiography (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11– 1.61; p = 0.002), and placement of an arterial perfusion catheter distal to the return cannula (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05–1.84; p = 0.022). Survival varied by 44% across hospitals after case-mix adjustment and was higher at centers that perform more than 12 ECPR cases/yr (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.45; p = 0.015) versus medium- and low-volume centers.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Modifiable ECMO management strategies and annual case volume vary across hospitals, appear to be associated with survival and should be the focus of future research to test if these hypothesis-generating associations are causal in nature.