bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on prevalence and identification of livestock tick by sex ratio and host in Tehran province
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ticks are one of the most dominant forced ectoparasites of vertebrates, belonging to the arthropods, which transmit pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites to humans and animals in Iran and worldwide. Given that, sex ratio factors can affect the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, this study aimed to identify and determine the ticks' sex ratio and host type (camels, sheep, cattle, dogs, chickens, and pigeons) in different areas of Tehran province. This descriptive cross-sectional study took samples from different animal body parts in four seasons from 20 villages in 2019, in which 685 hard ticks and 121 soft ticks were caught from 1623 studied livestock and poultry. Regarding sex segregation among all caught ticks, 42.01% were male, and 57.99% were female. It is noteworthy that in both mountain and plain environments, R. sanguineus species of hard ticks had the most elevated sex ratio. Most ticks were collected from sheep hosts with 60.04% and the lowest from cattle hosts with 0.62% in tick infestation.
Multidrug resistance genes screening of pancreatic cancer based on sensitivity profile to chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Zhao Bangbo , Qin Cheng , Li Zeru , Wang Yuanyang , Li Tianhao , Cao Hongtao , Yang Xiaoying , Li Tianyu , Wang Weibin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancer types and chemotherapeutic drug resistance is a stumbling block in improving the overall survival of PC patients. The nature of specific drug resistant subpopulation within pancreatic cancer is believed to be partly attributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness. Various PC cell lines show various degrees of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents including gemcitabine (GEM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In-depth understanding of drug resistance mechanisms and profile heterogeneities could lead to the development of novel and precise therapeutic strategies for addressing the chemo-resistant dilemma in PC patients.
Methods
Cytotoxicity assays were performed by CCK8 in ten common PC cell lines including AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Capan-1, CFPAC, HPAFII, MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, Patu-8988, SW1990 and T3M4. RNA-seq data of the ten cell lines were downloaded from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database and subsequently analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on first-line chemotherapy regimens of pancreatic cancer, intersections were taken among the DEGs of the five drugs and the expression level of genes in the intersections between resistant and sensitive cell lines were validated by qRT-PCR. Enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes between the resistant and sensitive cell lines were acquired by Metascape database.
Results
We found that the top two toxic drugs for PC cell lines were paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Among the ten PC cell lines, SW1990 was the most resistant PC cell line with the highest IC50 levels for three drugs, while MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 were the most sensitive PC cell lines. Differential expression analysis revealed the highest number of DEGs associated with cisplatin sensitivity up to 642 genes, of which 181 genes were upregulated and 461 genes were downregulated in cisplatin-resistant cell lines. The least number of DEGs are associated with gemcitabine sensitivity, of which 37 genes were highly expressed in gemcitabine-resistant PC cell lines and 25 genes were lowly expressed. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that pathways associated with drug resistance were mainly extracellular matrix and cell-cell junction related pathways.
Conclusions
PC cell lines showed diverse sensitivities to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, which was caused by differential gene expression between the resistant and sensitive cell lines. The heterogeneity and its associated genes were enriched in extracellular matrix and cell-cell junction related pathways. Our study first portrayed the sensitivity profile to chemotherapeutic drugs of PC, which would benefit the chemoresistance mechanism study by reemphasizing the vital role of extracellular matrix and cell-cell junction related pathways and helping the selection of suitable PC cell lines.
Unified Master Equation for Molecules in Phonon and Radiation Baths
Authors: Ooi C. H. Raymond , Chia K. J. Cedric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigate the dissipative mechanisms of an impurity molecule in crystals using quantum optical master equation. Our unified theory applies generally to polyatomic molecules where several vibrational modes give rise to intramolecular vibrational redistributions. The usual assumption on identical shapes of the nuclear potentials in ground and excited electronic states and the rotating wave approximation have been relaxed, i.e. the vibrational coordinates are different in the ground and excited states, with counter-rotating terms included. Linear vibrational coupling to the lattice phonons accounts for dissipations via non-radiative transitions. The coupling to the electromagnetic field includes Herzberg-Teller interactions in the non-Condon approximation where the transition dipole matrix elements depend on vibrational coordinates. We obtain new cross terms as the result of mixing the terms from the zeroth-order Condon and first-order non-Condon approximations. The corresponding Lamb shifts for all Liouvilleans are derived explicitly including the contributions of counter-rotating terms. The absorption and emission spectra for carbon monoxide computed from our model is in good agreement with experimental data. We show that our unified model is capable of incorporating all typical dissipative relaxation and decoherence mechanisms. The molecular quantum master equation is promising for studies of molecular quantum memory.
RGB color textile-based flexible and transparent OLEDs considering aesthetics
Authors: Choi Kyung Cheol , Lee Junwoo , Choi Seungyeop , Lee Tae Woo , Park Yongjin , Hwang Yong Ha , Jeong So Yeong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently, as state-of-the-art displays, wearable electronic devices and free-form displays have begun to attract attention, so that much research on textile-based organic light-emitting diode (textile OLED) displays as their ultimate platform has been actively conducted. However, although many studies have reported textile OLEDs with high current efficiency and maximum wearability, most research has left for the future improvements that require the use of transparent OLEDs to improve aesthetics and applications in various fields such as fashion displays and military products. Herein, RGB full color transparent organic light emitting diodes (trOLEDs) were designed using a dielectric-metal-dielectric transparent electrode to overcome the limitations of previous works and improve the aesthetic elements of textile displays. Opto-electronic performance and mechanical characteristics of textile RGB trOLEDs were analyzed; furthermore, to quantify the normalized acquisition rate of information that can be obtained from the textile substrate when transparent OLEDs on textile substrate are not operated, this study suggests a new method and novel equation for optical analysis.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community in Kumamoto oyster (Crassostrea sikamea) larvae: Response to antibiotics in trace concentration
Authors: Dai Wenfang , Ye Jing , Liu Sheng , Xu Hongqiang , Liu Minhai , Lin Zhihua , Xue Qinggang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic is regarded as an emergency measure to avoid disease occurrence of aquatic animals during metamorphosis in an aquaculture system, which is very common in hatcheries of bivalve mollusc larvae. However, it is still unclear how and to what extent the antibiotic addition affect the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities of marine bivalve larvae. Methods and results: We profiled the community compositions and dominant taxonomies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota of Kumamoto oyster (Crassostrea sikamea) larvae exposed to seawater with antibiotics in trace concentration. A total of 500,664 16S rRNA and 501,933 18S rRNA gene fragments were selected for classification, resulting in 714 prokaryotic OTUs and 47 eukaryotic OTUs. Antibiotic exposure altered the structure of the larval microbiome, and increased the prokaryotic but decreased the eukaryotic microbial diversity. The larval microbiota were sensitive to antibiotics, as evidenced by the alternations of the dominant bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, and Actinobacteria, and eukaryotic phyla Streptophyta, Cercozoa, Chlorophyta and Haptophyta. Similarly, significant effect was observed at the family and genus level, especially the increased bacterial Devosiaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Halieaceae, Vibrionaceae family, and Devosia, Stappia and Vibrio genus, and eukaryotic Isochrysidaceae and TAGIRI1-linage family and Tisochrysis genus. Conclusions: These results indicate that antibiotics may induce a shift in the larval microbiome, which may cause an unstable community structure and in turn affect the oyster health.
Respiratory virus infections of the lower respiratory tract elevate bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil fraction: a clinical retrospective study and case review
Authors: Nabeya Daijiro , Setoguchi Michika , Ueno Shiho , Kinjo Takeshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Eosinophilic airway inflammation caused by respiratory virus infection has been demonstrated in basic research; however, clinical investigations are lacking. To clarify the extent to which respiratory viral infection induces airway eosinophilic inflammation, we reviewed the results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and respiratory virus testing performed at our hospital. Methods: Among the BAL procedures performed at our hospital from August 2012 to September 2016, we collected cases of acute respiratory disease in which multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to search for respiratory viruses. The effect of respiratory virus detection on the eosinophil fraction of BAL was analyzed using statistical analysis. A case study of respiratory virus detection in which the eosinophil fraction of BAL was elevated was also conducted. Results: A total of 95 cases were included in this study, of which 17 were PCR-positive. The most common respiratory virus detected was parainfluenza virus (eight cases). The PCR-positive group showed a trend toward a higher eosinophil fraction in BAL fluid than the PCR-negative group (p=0.030), and more cases had a BAL eosinophil fraction >3% (p=0.017). Multivariate analysis showed that PCR-positive cases were associated with BAL eosinophil fractions >1% and >3%. There were nine PCR-positive cases with a BAL eosinophil fraction >1%, of which two cases with parainfluenza virus infection had a significantly elevated BAL eosinophil fraction and were diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia.Conclusions: A trend toward an elevated eosinophil fraction in BAL fluid was observed in cases of viral infection of the lower respiratory tract. The degree of eosinophilic fraction elevation due to respiratory viral infection was mild overall, whereas some cases showed prominent elevation and were diagnosed with eosinophilic pneumonia. Respiratory viral infection is not a rare cause of elevated BAL eosinophilic fraction and should be listed as a differential disease in the practice of eosinophilic pneumonia.
Incidence, accuracy, and barriers of diagnosing healthcare-associated infections: A case study in southeast Iran
Authors: Nasiri Naser , Sharifi Ali , Ghasemzadeh Iman , Khalili Malahat , Karamoozian Ali , Khalooei Ali , Beigzadeh Amin , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Sharifi Hamid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a threat to patients. Accurate surveillance is required to identify and prevent HAIs. To estimate the incidence rate, report the accuracy and identify the barriers of reporting HAIs using a mixed-method study.
Methods
In this quantitative study, we externally evaluated the incidence rate and accuracy of the routine surveillance system in one of the main hospitals by an active follow-up of patients from September to December 2021. We used in-depth interviews with 18 experts to identify the barriers of the routine surveillance system.
Results
Among 404 hospitalized patients, 88 HAIs were detected. The estimated rate of HAIs was 17.1 (95% Confidence Intervals 95: 14.1, 21.1) per 1000 patient-days follow-up. However, in the same period, 116 HAIs were reported by the routine surveillance system, but the agreement between the two approaches was low (sensitivity = 61.4%, specificity = 82.6%, negative predictive value = 89.7%, and positive predictive validity = 46.5%). The minimum and maximum positive predictive values were observed in urinary tract infection (32.3%) and surgical site infection (60.9%). The main barrier of reporting HAIs was lack of cooperation in reporting HAIs by infection control link nurses and laboratory supervisors.
Conclusions
The discrepancy between the longitudinal study findings and the routine surveillance might be related to the inaccessibility of the surveillance system to clinical information of patients. In this regard, decreasing the barriers, increasing the knowledge of infection control nurses and other nurses, as well as the development of hospital information systems are necessary.
A Novel GPS based soldier health monitoring and position tracking system
Authors: Muthusamy Suresh , Pandiyan Santhiya , Paramasivam Muneeshwari 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The safe future of our country mainly hangs on armed forces and a fundamental role is played by each of the soldiers. Soldiers tend to face death when they are fighting for us in the war field. He never diminishes his duty. He secures us guards our nation in the most difficult topography on hills, mountains, plains and forest excluding weather conditions and also in the most difficult situations. The protection of our nation is the primary work of them. The principle and key duty of the soldier is to protect people. In most situations they lost their lives for our Nation. It is the responsibility of all of us in the world to help our soldiers and make a contribution for them. Our proposed method will be useful for the soldier who is struggling for us in the war field for our lives. This proposed method by us will be helpful to find the spot of the armed soldiers using GPS and also it is helpful for us to observe all the physical health status of the soldiers using specific sensors. With the help of this method, communication will be made between the soldier in the war field and the person in the base unit.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient and rebleeding risk of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis after variceal bleeding
Authors: Shi Yiqi , Shen Wenyong , Xu Gang , Wang Xunzheng , Ning Bo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background & AimsHepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) has a strong predictive value for variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients, but the accuracy of an HVPG may be compromised in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of an HVPG for predicting rebleeding in NASH cirrhosis after initial variceal bleeding.Patients and MethodsThirty-eight NASH cirrhosis patients and 82 hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis patients who experienced variceal bleeding for the first time were included in this study. We compared the HVPG levels in NASH cirrhosis and HBV cirrhosis. The prognostic value of an HVPG for variceal rebleeding was evaluated.ResultsCompared with HBV cirrhosis, NASH cirrhosis demonstrated a lower portal pressure (26.3 ± 6.1 vs. 30.1 ± 4.7; P <0.001), lower wedge hepatic venous pressure (24.1 ± 5.3 vs. 27.6 ± 5.5; P = 0.001) and lower HVPG (15.3 ± 3.8 vs. 18.0 ± 4.8; P = 0.003). HVPG was proven to have promising prognostic value among NASH cirrhosis patients (AUC = 0.82; P = 0.002). The optimal baseline HVPG threshold for predicting rebleeding in NASH cirrhosis was 17 mmHg. Multivariate analysis also indicated that an HVPG ≥17 mmHg was a significant predictor of variceal bleeding (HR 9.40; 95% CI 1.85-47.70; P = 0.007).ConclusionsPatients with NASH cirrhosis had lower HVPG than those with HBV cirrhosis. However, the prevalence of rebleeding was similar between the two groups. HVPG measurement is still an accurate way to assess the risk of variceal rebleeding in NASH cirrhosis.
Effects of population age structure on parenteral antimicrobial use estimations
Authors: Koizumi Ryuji , Kusama Yoshiki , Asai Yusuke , Tsuzuki Shinya , Aoyagi Kensuke , Ishikane Masahiro , Muraki Yuichi , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is conventionally reported as unadjusted defined daily doses (DDDs) or population-adjusted DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID). However, DID ignores temporal changes in population age structure. Thus, we examined the effects of population age structure on DID estimates of parenteral AMU in Japan, and predicted future trends in DDDs based on population projections. Parenteral AMU data from 2013 to 2018 were acquired from a national claims database. We assessed temporal trends in parenteral AMU by age group (children aged < 15 years, working-age persons aged 15–64 years, and older persons aged ≥ 65 years) using both DID and DDDs. In addition, we modelled DDD predictions based on age-specific population projections from 2019 to 2030. DID values for older persons were 8.08–10.15 times and 5.43–5.63 times higher than in children and working-age persons, respectively. DID was relatively stable, but DDDs increased in older persons. The prediction models showed that DDDs will continue to increase until 2030 if DID remains unchanged, but can be lowered if DID rates are reduced by ≥ 1%. DID estimates were skewed by the older population. More rigorous antimicrobial stewardship efforts targeting geriatric care are needed to counter the aging-associated increase in AMU.
Association between left ventricular geometry and global myocardial work in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: assessment using strain-pressure loop
Authors: Lin Mingming , Qin Yunyun , Ding Xueyan , Zhang Miao , Zhu Weiwei , Wang Jiangtao , Leng Chenlei , Lu Xiuzhang , Cai Qizhe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims: Concentric LV remodeling and hypertrophy are common structural abnormalities in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and tend to be accompanied by impaired LV function. Assessment of global myocardial work (GMW) using strain-pressure loop may provide more comprehensive assessment of LV myocardial function, overcoming the limitations of the conventional parameters. We investigated the value of GMW in patients with HFpEF and assessed the relationship of GMW with concentric remodeling and hypertrophy.Methods: Consecutive patients with HFpEF (n=107) and sex-matched healthy controls (n=32) were prospectively enrolled. Clinical and conventional echocardiography variables were obtained. Further analyses of offline data were performed to obtain GMW indices including global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global waste work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE). Association of concentric remodeling and hypertrophy with GMW was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: HFpEF patients showed lower GWE (94% vs 96%, P<0.001) and higher GWW (136 mmHg% vs 87 mmHg%, P=0.003) than control group, while GWI (2111 mmHg% vs 2146 mmHg%, P=0.877) and GCW (2369 mmHg% vs 2469 mmHg%, P=0.733) were comparable in the two groups. HFpEF patients with relative wall thickness (RWT) >0.42 had reduced GWE (93% vs 94%, P=0.015) compared to HFpEF patients with RWT≤0.42, while GWI, GCW, and GWW were comparable between these two subgroups. Multivariate analysis showed an independent association of RWT with GWI, GCW, and GWE, respectively.Conclusion: Impaired global myocardial work was detected in patients with HFpEF. Impaired LV GMW may be associated with increased RWT.
Renal vessel extension with cryopreserved vascular grafts: overcoming surgical pitfalls in living donor kidney transplant
Authors: Fallani Guido , Maroni Lorenzo , Bonatti Chiara , Comai Giorgia , Buzzi Marina , Cuna Vania , Vasuri Francesco , Prosperi Enrico , Odaldi Federica , Bertuzzo Valentina Rosa , Tondolo Francesco , Busutti Marco , Zanfi Chiara , Gaudio Massimo Del , Manna Gaetano La , Ravaioli Matteo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: LDKT is crucial to unburden waiting lists for renal transplant. Although the choice of the graft should be based on “leaving the better kidney to the donor”, right kidneys and kidneys with anomalous vascularization are often deferred because of concerns on complications and vascular reconstructions. To date, only few reports have examined renal vessel extension with cryopreserved vascular grafts in LDKT. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of renal vessel extension on short-term outcomes and ischemia times in LDKT, especially in recipients of right kidney grafts or grafts with multiple vessels.Methods: From 2012 to 2020, recipients of LDKT with renal vessels extension through cryopreserved vascular grafts were compared with recipients of LDKT with no vascular lengthening. The primary endpoints were perioperative complications and DGF; secondary endpoints were warm and cold ischemia times.Results: Recipients of LDKT with (n=54) and without (n=91) vascular extension experienced similar hospital stays, surgical complications and DGF rates. For grafts with multiple vessels, renal vessel extension granted a faster implantation time (44±5 vs. 72±14 minutes), which resulted comparable to that of standard anatomy grafts. Right kidney grafts with vascular extension had a faster implantation time compared to right kidney grafts without vascular lengthening (43±5 vs. 58±9 minutes), and a comparable implantation time to left kidney grafts. Renal vascular extension resulted protective from prolonged implantation time.Conclusions: Renal vessel extension with cryopreserved vascular grafts allows a faster implantation time in right kidney grafts or grafts with anomalous vascularization, maintaining similar short-term surgical and functional outcomes.