bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the immune landscape in metastatic melanoma reveals localized cell-cell interactions correlating to immunotherapy responsiveness
Authors: Bosisio Francesca , Antoranz Asier , Herck Yannick Van , Bolognesi Maddalena , Lynch Seodhna , Rahman Arman , Gallagher William , Boecxstaens Veerle , Marine Jean-Christophe , Cattoretti Giorgio , Oord Joost van den , De Smet Frederik , Bechter Oliver 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy (ICI) shows spectacular clinical results in cancer patients, only a subset of the these respond favorably to such treatment. Response to ICI is dictated by the integration of complex networks of cellular interactions between malignant and non-malignant cells. Although new insights into the mechanisms that modulate the pivotal anti-tumoral activity of cytotoxic T-cells (Tcy) have recently been gained, much of what we have learned is based on single-cell analyses of dissociated tumor samples; therefore, we lack critical information about the spatial distribution of the relevant cell types. Here, we used multiplexed immunohistochemistry to spatially characterize the immune landscape of metastatic melanoma from responders vs non-responders to ICI. By creating such high-dimensional pathology maps, we show that Tcy gradually evolve towards an exhausted phenotype as they approach and infiltrate the tumor. Moreover, our analysis revealed a key cellular interaction network that functionally links Tcy and PD-L1+ macrophages. Critically, mapping the respective spatial distribution of these two cell populations predict response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with high confidence. We conclude that baseline measurements of the spatial context should be integrated in the design of predictive biomarkers to identify patients likely to benefit from ICI.
Inclusion Of Lutein And Zeaxanthin İn Standard Or Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enriched Laying Hens Diets:Effects On Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Fatty Acid Composition And Individual Carotenoids Concentration Of Egg Yolk
Authors: Malayoglu Hatice Basmacıoglu , Aktaş Burcu , Karadaş Filiz , Özdemir Pınar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The effects of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) inclusion to standard or omega-3 fatty acids enriched laying hens’ diets, on performance, egg quality parameters, fatty acids and individual carotenoids of egg yolk was investigated. The dietary treatments were designed as: standard (S) diet, 50 mg/kg L plus 50 mg/kg Z (S+L/Z (50+50)) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (S+L/Z (100+100)) added to S diet, Omega-3 fatty acids enriched (OM3) diet, 50 mg/kg lutein plus 50 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (50+50) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (100+100)) added to OM3 diet. Hens with a mean live weight of 1525.88 ± 31.19 g were divided into six treatment groups. During the experimental period, there was not any mortality rate recorded. Dietary inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) either in S or OM3 diets did not alter performance parameters. Eggs from hens fed enriched diet (OM3) significantly increased (P<0.05) the albumen index and Haugh unit. The type of dietary fat source (F), equal dose of L/Z or F×L/Z on egg yolk lutein, unknown carotenoids and total carotenoid concentration were found to be significant. However, the F on zeaxanthin concentration was not significant (P>0.05). The yolk color a* value was significantly increased by inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) to diets (S or OM3) (P<0.05) and this was correlated with increased (P<0.05) concentration of individual carotenoids. The major changes in egg yolk fatty acid MUFA and PUFA composition occurred when laying hen fed with OM3 diet.
Use of the oral beta blocker bisoprolol to reduce the rate of exacerbation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised controlled trial. (BICS)
Authors: Cotton Seonaidh , Devereux Graham , Abbas Hassan , Briggs Andrew , Campbell Karen , Chaudhuri Rekha , Choudhury Gourab , Dawson Dana , De Soyza Anthony , Fielding Shona , Gompertz Simon , Haughney John , Lang Chim , Lee Amanda , MacLennan Graeme , MacNee William , McCormack Kirsty , McMeekin Nicola , Mills Nicholas , Morice Alyn , Norrie John , Petrie Mark , Price David , Short Philip , Vestbo Jorgen , Walker Paul , Wedzicha Jadwiga , Wilson Andrew , Lipworth Brian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Beta-blockers are well-established drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular conditions. Observational studies consistently report that beta-blocker use in people with COPD is associated with a reduced risk of COPD exacerbations. The bisoprolol in COPD study (BICS) investigates whether adding bisoprolol to routine COPD treatment has clinical and cost-effective benefits. A sub-study will risk stratify participants for heart failure to investigate whether any beneficial effect of bisoprolol is restricted to those with unrecognised heart disease.Methods: BICS is a pragmatic randomised parallel group double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in UK primary and secondary care sites. The major inclusion criteria are an established predominant respiratory diagnosis of COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1<80% predicted, FEV1/FVC<0.7), a self-reported history of ≥2 exacerbations requiring treatment with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids in a 12-month period since March 2019, age ≥40 years and a smoking history ≥10 pack years. A computerised randomisation system will allocate 1574 participants with equal probability to intervention or control groups, stratified by centre, and recruitment in primary/secondary care. The intervention is bisoprolol (1.25 mg tablets) or identical placebo. The dose of bisoprolol/placebo is titrated up to a maximum of 4 tablets a day (5mg bisoprolol) over four-seven weeks depending on tolerance to up-dosing of bisoprolol/placebo – these titration assessments are completed by telephone or video call. Participants complete the remainder of the 52-week treatment period on the final titrated dose (1,2,3,4 tablets) and during that time are followed up at 26 and 52 weeks by telephone or video call. The primary outcome is the total number of participant reported COPD exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics during the 52-week treatment period. A sub-study will risk stratify participants for heart failure by echocardiography and measurement of blood biomarkers. Discussion: The demonstration that bisoprolol reduces the incidence of exacerbations would be relevant not only to patients and clinicians but also to healthcare providers, in the UK and globally.Trial registration: Current controlled trials ISRCTN10497306 (registered 16 August 2018)
Duration Of Delayed Graft Function And Its Impact On Graft Outcomes In Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation Running Head: Impact of Duration of Delayed Graft Function
Authors: Budhiraja Pooja , Reddy Kunam S , Butterfield Richard J , Jadlowiec Caroline C , Moss Adyr A , Khamash Hassan A , Kodali Lavanya , Misra Suman S , Heilman Raymond L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background. There is controversy regarding the impact of delayed graft function (DGF) on kidney transplant outcomes. We hypothesize that the duration of DGF, rather than DGF itself, is associated with long-term kidney graft function.Methods. We analyzed all deceased donor kidney transplants (DDKT) done at our center between 2008 to 2020 with DGF to determine factors associated with DGF duration as well as the impact of DGF duration on 1) acute rejection, BKV infection, progression of fibrosis on protocol biopsy, and death censored graft survival 2) resource utilization, including hospital length of stay and readmissions. DGF duration was assessed at three 14-day intervals: <14 DGF days, 14-27 DGF days, >28 DGF days.Results. There were 1714 DDKT were included, 59.4% (n=1018) had DGF. The median DGF duration was 10 days IQR (6,15). The majority of recipients (95%) had resolution of DGF within 28 days. Donor factors associated with DGF days were longer cold ischemia time, donor on inotropes, older age, donation after circulatory death, higher terminal creatinine, and hypertension. Recipient factors associated with increased DGF duration included male sex, length on dialysis before transplant, and higher body mass index. There were no differences in acute rejection events or interstitial fibrosis progression by 4 months when comparing DGF days. The median length of stay was 3 days. However, readmissions increased with increasing DGF duration. Death-censored graft survival was not associated with the length of DGF except when DGF lasted >28 days. Conclusions. Inferior graft survival was observed only in recipients of DDKT with DGF lasting beyond 28 days. DGF lasting <28 days had no impact on graft survival. Duration of DGF, rather than DGF itself, is associated with graft survival. Trial Registration. Retrospective study approved by Mayo Clinic IRB.
Heuristics and Biases in Evaluations of Economic Inequality
Authors: Bogard Jonathan , West Colin , Fox Craig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How money ought to be distributed among different groups is a critical question influencing elections and policymaking. In eight pre-registered studies (N=4,188) we show that people across the political spectrum are systematically biased when making judgments about economic inequality. We hypothesize that people reduce the complexity associated with such judgments by relying on a simplifying strategy in which they mainly focus on differences in wealth between the most salient groups, usually the richest versus poorest groups. This implies two biases. First, judgments about economic distributions are under-sensitive to differences in the size of identified population groups. This results in greater tolerance for inequality and lower support for redistributional policies when richer groups are composed of fewer individuals than poorer groups (e.g., comparing the richest 10% versus the rest of the country). Second, judgments systematically underweight information about intermediate groups relative to the richest and poorest groups, resulting in relative neglect of the prosperity of the middle class, independent of stated concern for their well-being. We show that these biases influence downstream policy support as strongly as differences in partisanship, and we conclude by proposing guidelines for presenting economic distributions in ways that are less susceptible to these biases.
Pollen Sensitization Among Egyptian Patients With Respiratory Allergic Diseases
Authors: Mohamed Manar Farouk , Refaat Maged Mohamed , Melek Nermine Abd El-Nour , Ahmed Eman Al-Sayed , Al-Din Nada Mohamed Noor , Latif Osama Mohamed Abdel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Pollen is responsible for seasonal allergies, such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR), and has become a growing public health concern. Climate change affects the range of allergenic species as well as the timing and length of the pollen season. In Egypt, data on pollinosis are scarce. Objectives: To detect the most prevalent pollen causing allergies among Egyptian patients with respiratory allergies. Methods: A total of 200 adult patients with respiratory allergic diseases (AR) and/or bronchial asthma (BA) were included. Medical history taking and physical examinations were conducted on each patient, and complete blood count (CBC) and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) determination, spirometry, specific IgE, and skin prick tests (SPTs) and for common aeroallergens and food were performed. Results: Of the 200 patients, 106 were females; the mean ± standard deviation was 34.42 ± 13.0 (range, 16 to 66), and 65% were living in urban areas. Grass pollen, mainly from Timothy grass and maize, were the most prevalent (28.5%). Timothy grass was the most common type of pollen in patients with AR (28.3 %). Elder pollen showed significance among asthmatic patients (P = 0.004). Bermuda grass was statistically more prevalent in rural than in urban areas (P value = 0.008). Maize was linked to uncontrolled BA, whereas Timothy grass was the most prevalent among patients with moderate/severe AR. Forty-three patients had oral allergy syndrome; oranges and tomatoes were the most cross-reactive food (12% and 11.5%, respectively). Exacerbation of allergic symptoms was noted during January, December, March, and June. Conclusion: Pollen plays a substantial role in affecting patients with respiratory allergies in Egypt. Grass pollen is the most prevalent type of pollen, especially in urban areas.
Study of the factors influencing material properties on energy absorbing devices
Authors: An Dong , Liu Tianwang , Cui Hewei , Chen Zheng , Xu Hailiang , Song Yimin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A pre-folded energy absorption device is used to support energy absorption in mining engineering. Due to the change of material properties of the pre-folded energy absorption device during steel processing, the force-displacement curves of the quasi-static compression test and numerical simulation are inconsistent. In this paper, ABAQUS numerical simulation method is used to study the influence of material properties changes in each region on the force-displacement curve of the energy absorption device. It is found that the material properties of each area have an effect on the first drop stage and the second rise stage of the force-displacement curve. M area of the material properties change has an effect on the peak force-displacement curve; from the perspective of the evaluation index, the change of material properties in each area has an improvement effect on the average load, load efficiency, and specific energy absorption. O1-O2-M has the highest improvement effect, which is 34.27 %, 32.81 %，and 34.30 % higher than IM, respectively.
A Systems Biology Approach to the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease: Identification of Potential Protective and Promoting Mechanisms
Authors: Fadaie Mahmood , Ghafouri Elham , Ranjbarnejad Tayebeh , Moein Shiva 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten. Almost 90% of celiac disease patients have HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 haplotypes. As a high proportion of first-degree relatives of celiac disease patients have the same haplotype, it is assumed that they are at a higher risk of disease development than the general population. Nevertheless, the prevalence of celiac disease among first-degree relatives is considerably low (7.5%). Results: In order to figure out this discrepancy, a microarray dataset of intestinal mucosal biopsies of celiac disease patients, first-degree relatives, and control groups was reanalyzed, and protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Principle component analysis showed that celiac disease and first-degree relative groups are far away in terms of gene expression. Comparing differentially expressed genes of both networks demonstrated inverse expression of some genes mainly related to cell cycle mechanisms. Moreover, analysis of the modular structures of up and downregulated gene networks determined activation of protein degradation mechanisms and inhibition of ribosome-related protein synthesis in celiac patients with an upside-down pattern in first-degree relatives.Conclusions: The top-down systems biology approach determined some regulatory pathways with inverse function in celiac disease and first-degree relative groups. These genes and molecular mechanisms could be a matter of investigation as potential druggable targets or prognostic markers in celiac disease.
PEG induces maturation of somatic embryos of Passiflora edulis Sims ‘UENF Rio Dourado’ by differential accumulation of proteins and modulation of endogenous contents of free polyamines
Authors: Cruz Kaliane Zaira Camacho Maximiano , Almeida Felipe Astolpho , Vale Ellen Moura , Botini Nadia , Vettorazzi Rosana Gobbi , Santos Renan Carrari , Santa-Catarina Claudete , Silveira Vanildo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) has economic and social relevance and is an alternative crop mainly for family farming agriculture. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the maturation of somatic embryos associated with differential accumulation of proteins and changes in the endogenous polyamine (PA) content during somatic embryogenesis of P. edulis ‘UENF Rio Dourado’. Maturation of somatic embryos was performed using embryogenic callus in MS culture medium with PEG 6% or without PEG (control). PEG 6% promoted the maturation of a significantly higher number of somatic embryos at globular and cotyledonary stages when compared to the control treatment. The higher somatic embryo formation induced by PEG 6% was associated with an increase in endogenous contents of free spermine, a PA with an important role in the maturation process of somatic embryogenesis cultures. PEG also promoted a significantly higher content of putrescine and total free PAs at the end of maturation, which was relevant for the increase in the number of somatic embryos. Comparative proteomic analyses of PEG 6%/control revealed that PEG 6% treatment induced the up-accumulation of proteins related to the ATP metabolic, glycolytic, generation of precursor metabolite energy, and the response to light stimulus processes. The down-accumulated proteins were related mainly to the cellular metabolic process. The use of PEG induced the maturation and development of somatic embryos of P. edulis Sims ‘UENF Rio Dourado’ by the differential accumulation of proteins and modulation of endogenous contents of PAs.
Towards a Low Carbon ASEAN: An environmentally extended MRIO optimization model
Authors: Amheka Adrianus , Nguyen Hoa Thi , Yu Krista Danielle , Noach Robert Mesakh , Murugappan Viknesh Andiappan , Dacanay Vincent Joseph , Aviso Kathleen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundEconomic growth is dependent on economic activity, which often translates to higher levels of carbon emissions. With the emergence of technologies that promote sustainable production, governments are working towards achieving their target economic growth while minimizing environmental emissions to meet their commitments to the international community. The IPCC reports that economic activities associated with electricity and heat production contributed most to GHG emissions and it led to the steady increase in global average temperatures. Currently, more than 90% of the total GHG emissions of the ASEAN region is attributable to Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. These regions are also expected to be greatly affected with climate change. To analyze how ASEAN nations can achieve carbon reduction targets while aspiring for economic growth rates, and in consideration of interdependencies between nations, this study develops a multi-regional input-output model for minimizing collective and individual carbon emissions. A high-level eight-sector economy is used for analyzing different economic strategies.ResultsThis model shows that minimizing collective carbon emissions can still yield economic growth. Countries can focus on developing sectors that have growth potentials and lower carbon intensity-such as the services sector, agriculture, and food manufacturing sector. In addition, the simultaneous implementation of multiple carbon emission reduction strategies provides the largest reduction in regional carbon emissions. ConclusionsThis model provides a more holistic view of how the generation of carbon emissions are influenced by the interdependence of nations. The emissions reduction achieved by each country varied depending on the state of technology and the level of economic development in the different regions. This current model can be used to help nations identify more appropriate and achievable carbon reduction targets and to develop more customized policies to target priority sectors in a country. This model is currently limited by the assumption of fixed technical coefficients in the exchange and interdependence of different regions. Future work can investigate modelling flexible multi-regional trade where regions have the option of substituting goods and products in its import or export structure. Other strategies for reducing carbon emission intensity can also be explored, such as modelling transport mode choices, or establishing sectors for waste management. Hybrid models which integrate the multi-regional input-output linear program model with data envelopment analysis can also be developed.
A novel Scaled-Gamma-Tanh (SGT) activation function in 3D CNN applied for MRI classification
Authors: Khagi Bijen , Kwon Goo-Rak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Activation functions in the neural network are responsible for ‘firing’ the nodes in it. In a deep neural network (DNN) they ‘activate’ the features to reduce feature redundancy and learn the complex pattern by adding non-linearity in the network to learn task-specific goals. In this paper, we propose a simple and interesting activation function based on the combination of scaled gamma correction and hyperbolic tangent function, which we call Scaled Gamma Tanh (SGT) activation. The proposed activation function is applied in two steps, first is the calculation of gamma version as y = f(x) = axα for x<0 and bxβ for x>=0, second is obtaining the squashed value as z=tanh(y). The variables a and b are user-defined constant values whereas \({\alpha }\) and \({\beta }\)are channel-based learnable parameters. We analyzed the behavior of the proposed SGT activation function against other popular activation functions like ReLU, Leaky-ReLU, and tanh along with their role to confront vanishing/exploding gradient problems. For this, we implemented the SGT activation functions in a 3D Convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs). More importantly to support our proposed idea we have presented a thorough analysis via histogram of inputs and outputs in activation layers along with weights/bias plot and TSNE-projection of fully connected layer (FCL) for the trained CNN models. Our results in MRI classification show SGT outperforms standard ReLU and tanh activation in all cases i.e., final validation accuracy, final validation loss, test accuracy, Cohen-Kappa score, and Precision.