bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcapillary cell extrusion deposition with picolitre dispensing resolution
Authors: Fathi Saeed , Lei Iek Man , Cao Yang , Huang Yan Yan Shery 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtrusion-based cell deposition has become a prominent technique for expanding bioprinting applications. However, the associated print resolution in the order of nanolitre or above has been a limiting factor. The demand for improving print resolution towards the scale of a single cell has driven the development of precision nozzle extrusion, although the benefits gained remain ambiguous. Here, aided by in situ imaging, we investigated the dynamics of cell organisation through an extrusion-based microcapillary tip with picolitre precision through in-air or immersion deposition. The microcapillary extrusion setup, termed ‘Picodis’, was demonstrated by generating droplets of colouring inks immersed in an immiscible medium. Next, using 3T3 fibroblast cells as an experimental model, we demonstrated the deposition of cell suspension, and pre-aggregated cell pellets. Then, the dynamic organisation of cells within the microcapillary tip was described, along with cell ejection and deposition upon exiting the tip opening. The vision-assisted approach revealed that when dispersed in a culture medium, the movements of cells were distinctive based on the flow profiles and were purely driven by laminar fluid flow within a narrow tip. The primary process limitations were cell sedimentation, aggregation and compaction, along with trapped air bubbles. The use of picolitre-level resolution microcapillary extrusion, although it provides some level of control for a small number of cells, does not necessarily offer a reliable method when a specified number of cells are required. Our study provides insights into the process limitations of high-resolution cell ink extrusion, which may be useful for optimising biofabrication processes of cell-laden constructs for biomedical research.
3D Printing Techniques for Paraffin-Based Fuel Grains
Authors: Gelain Riccardo , De Morais Bertoldi Artur Elias , Hauw Adrien , Hendrick Patrick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHybrid rocket propulsion systems have proved to be a suitable option for some specific applications in the space transportation domain such as in launch vehicle upper stages, orbit transfer spacecrafts, decelerator engines for re-entry capsules, and small satellites launchers. Part of the renewed interest in hybrid rocket propulsion is due mainly to the safety aspects, cost reduction, and the use of paraffin-based fuel that impacts positively in terms of the solid fuel regression rate. However, paraffin solid fuel grains have poor structural characteristics and sometimes low performance due to the fuel internal ballistics behaviour. More recently, various studies have been carried out to overcome these drawbacks of paraffin-based fuels, such as the addition of energetic nano-sized metallic powder and 3D printing techniques. This study presents a review of the principal concepts of 3D printing processes and extrusion techniques that can be suitable for paraffin grains manufacturing and the conceptual design of a prototype for a 3D printer system under development at the Aero-Thermo-Mechanics Department of Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Drivers influencing climate of growing cities
Authors: Mujumdar Sanskriti , Pandit Chirayu , Patel Akash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPopulation growth and affordable housing have boosted realty sector and urban sprawl in India. Understanding the interrelation between urbanization and local climate, though complex, is the need of the hour and the focus of this study. An analysis of the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) on temperature and precipitation was carried out, and it confirms the change in the local urban climate. A Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) scaling relationship has been developed between the range of daily maximum temperature and precipitation for finding precipitation intensity, which is influenced by a rise in maximum temperature. Land use and land cover change derived for the period 1970–2017 from Landsat images were used to understand the effect of urbanization on average daily temperature and extreme precipitation. Multivariate ENSO Index and Global Temperature Anomalies were taken as global physical drivers. Urbanization growth rate anomalies, annual mean temperature anomalies, and summer mean temperature anomalies were taken as local physical drivers that affect one-day extreme precipitation. 22 combinations of these physical drivers were used as covariates to develop extreme value models. Models were evaluated with the L-R test and AIC. It is found that global average temperature and urbanization, individually as well as in combination with local summer mean temperature, were found to be influencing local extreme precipitation. Changes in precipitation patterns have a direct impact on urban water management.
Robotic on-site adaptive thin-layer printing: Challenges and workflow for design and fabrication of bespoke cementitious plasterwork at full architectural scale
Authors: Ercan Jenny Selen , Mitterberger Daniela , Lloret-Fritschi Ena , Vasey Lauren , Sounigo Eliott , Tsai Ping-Hsun , Aejmelaeus-Lindström Petrus , Jenny David , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the 1:1 scale application of Robotic Plaster Spraying (RPS), a novel, adaptive thin-layer printing technique, using cementitious base coat plaster, realized in a construction setting. In this technique, the print layers are vertical unlike most 3DCP processes. The goal is to explore the applicability and scalability of this spray-based printing technique. In this study, RPS is combined with an augmented interactive design setup, the Interactive Robotic Plastering (IRoP), which allows users to design directly on the construction site, taking the building structure, as-built state of the on-going fabrication and the material behavior into consideration. The experimental setup is an on-site robotic system that consists of a robotic arm mounted on a semi-mobile vertical axis with an integrated, automated pumping and adaptive spraying setup that is equipped with a depth camera. The user interaction is enabled by a controller-based interaction system, interactive design tools, and an augmented reality interface. The paper presents the challenges and the workflow that is needed to work with a complex material system on-site to produce bespoke plasterwork. The workflow includes an interactive design procedure, localization on-site, process control and a data collection method that enables predicting the behavior of complex-to-simulate cementitious material. The results demonstrate the applicability and scalability of the adaptive thin-layer printing technique and address the challenges, such as maintaining material continuity and working with unpredictable material behavior during the fabrication process.
Change Visible from a Distance: Digital Analysis of theFetvas of OttomanŞeyhülislams in the Early Modern Era
Authors: Ergene Boğaç , Kaygun Atabey 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing a distant reading methodology, the article examines the thematic compositions offetvacompilations by four Ottomanşeyhülislams in the early modern era. Our analysis of thefetvas from the late 17th and early 18th centuries reveal that the majority of these opinions concerned a small number of issues, including women, family problems, contractual matters, and disputes and litigations. The article also demonstrates that the representation offetvas with such concerns increased compared to what we find in the opinions of Ebussuud Efendi, a 16th-centuryşeyhülislam. But interest in religious issues, non-Muslims, and taxation declined over time. Finally, the article proposes computational procedures to identify the complex contextual characteristics of theşeyhülislams’ opinions.
Legislating Medicare Fraud: The Politics of Self-Regulation and the Creation of Professional Standards Review Organizations
Authors: DOLAN BRIAN , BEITLER STEVEN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNot long after the 1966 enactment of Medicare and Medicaid, evidence emerged that unscrupulous physicians and health care organizations were gaming the system. Research over the past 50 years shows that around 10 percent of the federal government’s annual cost for these programs is attributed to fraudulent claims or abuses where hospitals and treatments have been overused for undue provider profit. This article examines early congressional attention to this problem and describes lawmakers’ attempts to find legislative solutions to it. It historicizes the dilemma of balancing the ideological limits of government regulation with cultural assumptions about professional self-regulation, focusing on a major 1972 law, the Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) Act. The law launched a 10-year career for PSROs, physician-staffed peer-review boards designed to identify and sanction efforts to overcharge Medicare. The article contextualizes multiple actors’ concerns over cost containment and the crisis of faith in medical authority that persisted following failures to control professional malfeasance.
Examining the Opposition to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: “Nothing More than Bad Quality Hogwash”
Authors: MILDEN IAN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines the divide within the Republican Party between business interests and conservative evangelicals during the debate over the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). Business interests were able to build compromises by raising their concerns over practical matters such as costs. Conservative evangelicals advocated for changes due to their moral and ideological positions on homosexuality and HIV. Conservative evangelicals did not receive their desired changes because they constructed their concerns with public safety themes. This led to conservative evangelicals and their opponents talking past each other instead of addressing their concerns. The dynamics shown from the opposition of conservative evangelicals in the ADA debate demonstrate that their influence in elections did not lead to dominance within the Republican Party in shaping policy.
Sailors, Crimps, and Commerce: Laws Protecting Seamen, 1866–1884
Authors: SULLIVAN KATHLEEN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNineteenth-century seamen were subject to exploitation by boardinghouse keepers who recouped seamen’s debt by pocketing their advance wages from a future voyage. New York’s 1866 Act for the Better Protection of Seamen, the U.S. Shipping Commissioners Act of 1872, and the 1884 Dingley Act all purported to respond to this practice of “crimping,” but each of these acts simply allowed for new arrangements that continued to exact money from seamen. Even when corruption or collusion operated and were publicly known, such practices were tolerated because they continued to provide a steady supply of maritime labor, which promoted maritime commerce. This article considers the misleading political development of this legislation in the context of the early years of spoils reform.
From grassland to forest: the puzzle of land tenure and forest conservation in Costa Rica (1962–2014)
Authors: Picado-Umaña Wilson , Botella-Rodríguez Elisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article discusses Costa Rica’s policies and institutions created by the state to redistribute land during the 1960s and 1970s, when Latin American was implementing agrarian reforms. The paper also addresses the creation of the national parks system and forest conservation state policy supported by different scientific organisations during the same period. Within this context, this research seeks to explore the interface between the agrarian question (surrounding land and agrarian reform) and the ecological question (related to forest, national parks and conservation policies). The study examines how the transformations in land tenure and forest conservation have led to the structuring of a ‘new agrarian question’, which encompasses the concentration of land as well as the concentration of payments for environmental services.
the space between the riot and i
Authors: Royale Majesty 
Published: September 2022

the space between the riot and i is a solo performed by Majesty Royale that uses movement and sound to investigate alternative modes of existence, memory, and ghostly inhabitance. The work exposes the physical body and sensorial landscape to rigorous transformation located in the liminal space between “here-now” and “then-there.” Majesty becomes a channel to emergent mythologies of the underworld with ritual practices derived from Black southern culture: sampling, chanting, sermon-ing, and marching.Majesty Royale is a dancer, shaper, sound explorer, and ghost. Majesty grew up in the land of the Eno and Occaneechi peoples (Durham, NC) and is based in Lenni-Lenape land (Philadelphia, PA). Majesty is a graduate of the University of the Arts (BFA Dance), 2020 Pina Bausch Choreography Fellow, and 2021 New York Live Arts Fresh Tracks Artist. https://www.glitterboiwonder.com/
Training data selection for accuracy and transferability of interatomic potentials
Authors: Montes de Oca Zapiain David , Wood Mitchell A. , Lubbers Nicholas , Pereyra Carlos Z. , Thompson Aidan P. , Perez Danny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in machine learning (ML) have enabled the development of interatomic potentials that promise the accuracy of first principles methods and the low-cost, parallel efficiency of empirical potentials. However, ML-based potentials struggle to achieve transferability, i.e., provide consistent accuracy across configurations that differ from those used during training. In order to realize the promise of ML-based potentials, systematic and scalable approaches to generate diverse training sets need to be developed. This work creates a diverse training set for tungsten in an automated manner using an entropy optimization approach. Subsequently, multiple polynomial and neural network potentials are trained on the entropy-optimized dataset. A corresponding set of potentials are trained on an expert-curated dataset for tungsten for comparison. The models trained to the entropy-optimized data exhibited superior transferability compared to the expert-curated models. Furthermore, the models trained to the expert-curated set exhibited a significant decrease in performance when evaluated on out-of-sample configurations.
Designing a monitoring program for aflatoxin B1 in feed products using machine learning
Authors: Wang X. , Bouzembrak Y. , Oude Lansink A. G. J. M. , van der Fels-Klerx H. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgricultural commodities used for feed and food production are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins, such as Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In Europe, both the government and companies have monitoring programs in place for the presence of AFB1. With limited resources and following risk-based monitoring as prescribed in EU Regulation 2017/625, these monitoring programs focus on batches with the highest probability of being contaminated. This study explored the use of machine learning algorithms (ML) to design risk-based monitoring programs for AFB1 in feed products, considering both monitoring cost and model performance. Historical monitoring data for the presence of AFB1 in feed products (2005–2018; 5605 records in total) were used. Four different ML algorithms, including Decision tree, Logistic regression, Support vector machine and Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), were applied and compared to predict the high-risk feed batches to be considered for further AFB1 sampling and analysis. The monitoring cost included the cost of: sampling and analysis, disease burden, storage, and of recalling and destroying contaminated feed batches. The ML algorithms were able to predict the high-risk batches, with an AUC, recall, and accuracy higher than 0.8, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively. The XGB algorithm outperformed the other three investigated ML. Its incorporation would result into up to 96% reduction in monitoring cost in 2016–2018, as compared to the official monitoring program. The proposed approach for designing risk based monitoring programs can support authorities and industries to reduce the monitoring cost for other food safety hazards as well.
Evolution of stickleback spines through independent cis-regulatory changes at HOXDB
Authors: Wucherpfennig Julia I. , Howes Timothy R. , Au Jessica N. , Au Eric H. , Roberts Kingman Garrett A. , Brady Shannon D. , Herbert Amy L. , Reimchen Thomas E. , Bell Michael A. , Lowe Craig B. , Dalziel Anne C. , Kingsley David M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms leading to new traits or additional features in organisms is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. We show that HOXDB regulatory changes have been used repeatedly in different fish genera to alter the length and number of the prominent dorsal spines used to classify stickleback species. In Gasterosteus aculeatus (typically ‘three-spine sticklebacks’), a variant HOXDB allele is genetically linked to shortening an existing spine and adding an additional spine. In Apeltes quadracus (typically ‘four-spine sticklebacks’), a variant HOXDB allele is associated with lengthening a spine and adding an additional spine in natural populations. The variant alleles alter the same non-coding enhancer region in the HOXDB locus but do so by diverse mechanisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions and transposable element insertions. The independent regulatory changes are linked to anterior expansion or contraction of HOXDB expression. We propose that associated changes in spine lengths and numbers are partial identity transformations in a repeating skeletal series that forms major defensive structures in fish. Our findings support the long-standing hypothesis that natural Hox gene variation underlies key patterning changes in wild populations and illustrate how different mutational mechanisms affecting the same region may produce opposite gene expression changes with similar phenotypic outcomes.
Comprehensive evidence implies a higher social cost of CO2
Authors: Rennert Kevin , Errickson Frank , Prest Brian C. , Rennels Lisa , Newell Richard G. , Pizer William , Kingdon Cora , Wingenroth Jordan , Cooke Roger , Parthum Bryan , Smith David , Cromar Kevin , Diaz Delavane , Moore Frances C. , Müller Ulrich K. , Plevin Richard J. , Raftery Adrian E. , Ševčíková Hana , Sheets Hannah , Stock James H. , Tan Tammy , Watson Mark , Wong Tony E. , Anthoff David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe social cost of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) measures the monetized value of the damages to society caused by an incremental metric tonne of CO2 emissions and is a key metric informing climate policy. Used by governments and other decision-makers in benefit–cost analysis for over a decade, SC-CO2 estimates draw on climate science, economics, demography and other disciplines. However, a 2017 report by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine1 (NASEM) highlighted that current SC-CO2 estimates no longer reflect the latest research. The report provided a series of recommendations for improving the scientific basis, transparency and uncertainty characterization of SC-CO2 estimates. Here we show that improved probabilistic socioeconomic projections, climate models, damage functions, and discounting methods that collectively reflect theoretically consistent valuation of risk, substantially increase estimates of the SC-CO2. Our preferred mean SC-CO2 estimate is $185 per tonne of CO2 ($44–$413 per tCO2: 5%–95% range, 2020 US dollars) at a near-term risk-free discount rate of 2%, a value 3.6 times higher than the US government’s current value of $51 per tCO2. Our estimates incorporate updated scientific understanding throughout all components of SC-CO2 estimation in the new open-source Greenhouse Gas Impact Value Estimator (GIVE) model, in a manner fully responsive to the near-term NASEM recommendations. Our higher SC-CO2 values, compared with estimates currently used in policy evaluation, substantially increase the estimated benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation and thereby increase the expected net benefits of more stringent climate policies.
A comparison of deep learning U-Net architectures for posterior segment OCT retinal layer segmentation
Authors: Kugelman Jason , Allman Joseph , Read Scott A. , Vincent Stephen J. , Tong Janelle , Kalloniatis Michael , Chen Fred K. , Collins Michael J. , Alonso-Caneiro David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeep learning methods have enabled a fast, accurate and automated approach for retinal layer segmentation in posterior segment OCT images. Due to the success of semantic segmentation methods adopting the U-Net, a wide range of variants and improvements have been developed and applied to OCT segmentation. Unfortunately, the relative performance of these methods is difficult to ascertain for OCT retinal layer segmentation due to a lack of comprehensive comparative studies, and a lack of proper matching between networks in previous comparisons, as well as the use of different OCT datasets between studies. In this paper, a detailed and unbiased comparison is performed between eight U-Net architecture variants across four different OCT datasets from a range of different populations, ocular pathologies, acquisition parameters, instruments and segmentation tasks. The U-Net architecture variants evaluated include some which have not been previously explored for OCT segmentation. Using the Dice coefficient to evaluate segmentation performance, minimal differences were noted between most of the tested architectures across the four datasets. Using an extra convolutional layer per pooling block gave a small improvement in segmentation performance for all architectures across all four datasets. This finding highlights the importance of careful architecture comparison (e.g. ensuring networks are matched using an equivalent number of layers) to obtain a true and unbiased performance assessment of fully semantic models. Overall, this study demonstrates that the vanilla U-Net is sufficient for OCT retinal layer segmentation and that state-of-the-art methods and other architectural changes are potentially unnecessary for this particular task, especially given the associated increased complexity and slower speed for the marginal performance gains observed. Given the U-Net model and its variants represent one of the most commonly applied image segmentation methods, the consistent findings across several datasets here are likely to translate to many other OCT datasets and studies. This will provide significant value by saving time and cost in experimentation and model development as well as reduced inference time in practice by selecting simpler models.
The relationship between shape perception accuracy and drawing ability
Authors: Robles K. E. , Bies A. J. , Lazarides S. , Sereno M. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate shape perception is critical for object perception, identification, manipulation, and recreation. Humans are capable of making judgements of both objective (physical) and projective (retinal) shape. Objective judgements benefit from a global approach by incorporating context to overcome the effects of viewing angle on an object’s shape, whereas projective judgements benefit from a local approach to filter out contextual information. Realistic drawing skill requires projective judgements of 3D targets to accurately depict 3D shape on a 2D surface, thus benefiting from a local approach. The current study used a shape perception task that comprehensively tests the effects of context on shape perception, in conjunction with a drawing task and several possible measures of local processing bias, to show that the perceptual basis of drawing skill in neurotypical adults is not due to a local processing bias. Perceptual flexibility, the ability to process local or global information as needed, is discussed as a potential mechanism driving both accurate shape judgements and realistic drawing.