bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical and biomechanical comparison of INFIX plus single versus double sacroiliac screw fixation for unstable pelvic ring injury
Authors: Chen Hongfen , Ding Chao , Liu Yongqiang , Kong Zhen , Chang Siling , Huang Feng , Li Heng , Guo Qingxiang , Yang Yuehua , Zhong Hua , Yang Shaozheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and biomechanical outcome of INFIX plus single with two sacroiliac screw fixation for unstable pelvic fractures of Type C.

Methods
Sixteen cadavers were randomly subjected to INFIX plus single or double sacroiliac screw fixations and then mounted onto the ElectroForce loading machine under different vertical loads. To investigate the clinical outcomes of the two techniques, nineteen patients were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were postoperative radiographic reduction grading (using the Tornetta and Matta grading system), functional outcome (using the Majeed scoring system), and incidence of complications.

Results
In the biomechanical study, INFIX plus double sacroiliac screw fixation showed better biomechanical stability than fixation with a single sacroiliac screw (p < 0.05). In our clinical case series, all 19 patients had bony union 6 months after the operation. INFIX plus double sacroiliac screw fixation also demonstrated a better functional outcome and a higher radiographic satisfactory rate than INFIX plus single sacroiliac screw fixation (79.25 ± 5.47; 91.33 ± 4.97; p < 0.05), (77.78% vs. 60%; p = 0.05). One patient in INFIX plus single-screw fixation group had screw loosening at 6-month follow-up postoperatively. One case in each group suffered heterotopic ossification and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paralysis, and one patient suffered from infection.

Conclusion
INFIX plus double sacroiliac screw fixation demonstrated more stability in cadaveric biomechanical analysis and better clinical outcomes than INFIX plus single sacroiliac screw fixation.
Factors of family impact in a Swedish–German cohort of children born with esophageal atresia
Authors: Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Abrahamsson Kate , Dingemann Jens , Witt Stefanie , Dingemann Carmen , Jönsson Linus , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Bullinger Monika , Ure Benno M. , Chaplin John E. , Quitmann Julia H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
After repair of esophageal atresia (EA), childhood survivors commonly present with digestive and respiratory morbidity, and around 55% have associated anomalies. Although it is known that these problems can reduce health-related quality of life in children with EA, less is understood about the impact on the family. We aimed to identify factors related to family impact in children with EA.

Methods
One parent each of a child with EA (2–18 years) in 180 families from Sweden and Germany answered the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module as the dependent variable. The independent variables were the child’s parent-reported health-related quality of life as measured by PedsQL™ 4.0, current symptoms, school situation, and parent/family characteristics together with child clinical data from the medical records.

Results
Stepwise multivariable regression analysis showed a multifactorial model of the total family impact scores (R2 = 0.60), with independent factors being the child’s overall generic health-related quality of life, school-absence ≥ 1/month, severe tracheomalacia, a family receiving carer’s allowance, and a parent with no university/college education, p < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis showed that an increased number of symptoms in the child the preceding 4 weeks lowered the family impact scores; however, the child’s feeding (R2 = 0.35) and digestive symptoms (R2 = 0.25) explained more in the variation of scores than the child’s respiratory symptoms (R2 = 0.09), p < 0.0001.

Conclusions
Family functioning may be a contributing factor to the maintenance of child health. The study findings suggest multifactorial explanations to family impact in children with EA, which are essential when optimizing the support to these families in clinical and psychosocial practice. Future research should explore experiences of family impact from all family members’ perspectives and multicenter studies are warranted to understand better the effectiveness of psychosocial-educational interventions to families of children with EA.
The impact of Timothy's Law on hospitalization among patients with mental health conditions in New York State
Authors: Li Mingfei , Lo Victor S. Y. , Liu Piaomu , Smith Eric 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTimothy's law to reduce mental health care disparities was enacted in January 2007 in New York state (NY). According to Timothy's law, "if a patient is suffering from a Biologically Based Mental Illness, or is a Child with Serious Emotional Disturbances, the Inpatient mental health benefit will be the same as for any other illness". An assessment of its impact on inpatient mental health care is lacking. We provide a rigorous study of this policy intervention’s effect over the first year of its implementation.MethodsWe used a quasi-experimental design to combine the difference-in-difference method and propensity score weighting. Data are from inpatient records in NY and California (CA) (as a control) between January 2006 to December 2006 (the pre-enactment year in NY) and January to December 2007 (the enactment year) for non-Medicare/Medicaid patients hospitalized in both years with specific illnesses covered by Timothy's Law. Change in length of stay from 2006 to 2007 was measured for each patient, and the differences observed in NY and California were compared to each other (Difference-in-Difference), with differences in the characteristics of patients in NY and California addressed through Propensity Score Weighting (PSW).ResultsBefore Timothy's Law was enacted (2006), length of stay (LOS) in NY was 16.3 days on average, and length of stay per hospitalization (LOSPH) was 11.72 days on average for the 1237 patients under study in 2006. In 2007, LOS increased by 4.91 days in NY (95% CI (2.89, 7.01)) compared with similar patients in California, and LOSPH by 3.25 days (95% CI (1.96, 4.57)). Among patients with serious mental illness diagnoses, LOS in NY increased by 7.07 days (95% CI (4.15, 10.17)), and LOSPH by 4.04 days (95% CI (1.93, 6.03)) compared to California.ConclusionsOur study strongly suggests that, within the time frame of just a single year, Timothy's Law significantly increased inpatient mental healthcare utilization in NY. Our study raises the possibility that similar laws in other locations could have similar effects.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection in Vaccinated Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rooney Anthony , Bivona Cory , Liu Ben , Streeter David , Gong Han , Khan Qamar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have established efficacy for prevention of severe SARS-CoV2 infection in the general population, their effectiveness in patients with malignancy, especially those on anti-neoplastic therapies, remains an area of open research. In order to better understand the risk of developing breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcomes associated with breakthrough infection for cancer patients, individual patient data from a curated outcomes database at the University of Kansas were retrospectively reviewed to determine the rate of breakthrough infection during an 8-month period encompassing the height of the delta variant surge. Although the rate of breakthrough infection in cancer patients after two doses of an mRNA vaccine remained low at 1.1%, hospitalization and death rates were 27 and 5%, respectively. Patients with hematologic malignancies, especially multiple myeloma, and those on anti-neoplastic therapy at the time of vaccination were found to be at higher risk for developing breakthrough infection.
Heterosis of growth trait regulated by DNA methylation and miRNA in allotriploid fish
Authors: Ren Li , Zhang Hong , Luo Mengxue , Gao Xin , Cui Jialin , Zhang Xueyin , Liu Shaojun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Heterosis of growth traits in allotriploid fish has benefited the production of aquaculture for many years, yet its genetic and molecular basis has remained obscure. Now, an allotriploid complex, including two triploids and their diploid inbred parents, has provided an excellent model for investigating the potential regulatory mechanisms of heterosis.

Results
Here, we performed a series of analyses on DNA methylation modification and miRNA expression in combination with gene expression in the allotriploid complex. We first established a model of cis- and trans-regulation related to DNA methylation and miRNA in allotriploids. Then, comparative analyses showed that DNA methylation contributed to the emergence of a dosage compensation effect, which reduced gene expression levels in the triploid to the diploid state. We detected 31 genes regulated by DNA methylation in the subgenomes of the allotriploids. Finally, the patterns of coevolution between small RNAs and their homoeologous targets were classified and used to predict the regulation of miRNA expression in the allotriploids.

Conclusions
Our results uncovered the regulatory network between DNA methylation and miRNAs in allotriploids, which not only helps us understand the regulatory mechanisms of heterosis of growth traits but also benefits the study and application of epigenetics in aquaculture.
A novel in-plane technique ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis via subcostal approach
Authors: Osman Adi , Ahmad Azma Haryaty , Shamsudin Nurul Shaliza , Baherin Muhammad Faiz , Fong Chan Pei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid or blood, fills the pericardial space, and causes hemodynamic compromise due to compression of the heart. It is a potentially life-threatening condition, that requires rapid recognition and immediate treatment. Formerly, blind or surgical techniques were used, and it is associated with complications. Medical technology development has enabled us to perform the procedure safely, with the assistance of ultrasound devices. This article will highlight the novel use of an in-plane subcostal technique, as a safe option for pericardiocentesis in cardiac tamponade.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath and shock. He was intubated for respiratory distress. His bedside echocardiography showed cardiac tamponade. Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was carried out using an in-plane technique, at the subcostal region, with a high-frequency linear ultrasound transducer. This particular method provided full visualization of needle trajectory throughout the procedure. It was successfully completed with no complications and patient’s hemodynamic status improved post-procedure. He was successfully discharged on day 13.

Conclusions
The in-plane subcostal pericardiocentesis is a safe, and simple approach that can be performed in the ED for patients with cardiac tamponade. We recommend this new in-plane method, with high-frequency linear transducer at the subcostal area as an alternative when cardiac window for other approaches cannot be visualized.
Phosphoglucomutase 1 contributes to optimal cyst development in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Quach Emily V. , Cao Binh , Babacarkhial Edres , Ho Daniel , Sharma Janak , Guiton Pascale S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite of medical and veterinary importance; however, there exists no cure for chronic toxoplasmosis. Metabolic enzymes required for the production and maintenance of tissue cysts represent promising targets for novel therapies. Here, we use reverse genetics to investigate the role of Toxoplasma phosphoglucomutase 1, PGM1, in Toxoplasma growth and cystogenesis.

Results
We found that disruption of pgm1 did not significantly affect Toxoplasma intracellular growth and the lytic cycle. pgm1-defective parasites could differentiate into bradyzoites and produced cysts containing amylopectin in vitro. However, cysts produced in the absence of pgm1 were significantly smaller than wildtype. Together, our findings suggest that PGM1 is dispensable for in vitro growth but contributes to optimal Toxoplasma cyst development in vitro, thereby necessitating further investigation into the function of this enzyme in Toxoplasma persistence in its host.
Introduction of salvage prostatectomy in Denmark: the initial experience
Authors: Mortensen Mike Allan , Poulsen Charlotte Aaberg , Ahlgren Göran , Madsen Kirsten , Poulsen Mads Hvid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To introduce salvage prostatectomy in Denmark. Prior to this, no national curative treatment for recurrent prostate cancer following radiation therapy existed in Denmark. This pilot study represent our initial experiences and the feasibility of performing salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for true local, high-risk recurrence after initial therapy with external beam radiation for high-risk prostate cancer.

Results
Five patients underwent sRARP between April 2020 and July 2021. All patients were discharged within 48 h and no major complications were observed within 3 months. All patients had unmeasurable PSA (< 0.1 ng/ml) at follow-up 6 months after surgery. One patient with longer follow-up than 6 months experienced biochemical recurrence. At 3-months follow-up all patients reported considerable incontinence, at 6-month follow-up, pad usage decreased to 1 or 2 pads daily. Based on our initial results, the idea to introduce sRARP as a nationwide option remains and further patients will be included to establish the true role of sRARP in patients with recurrence after primary radiotherapy for PCa.
Study of microRNA expression in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected porcine ileum reveals miR-194a-5p as an important regulator of the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response
Authors: Herrera-Uribe Juber , Zaldívar-López Sara , Aguilar Carmen , Entrenas-García Carmen , Bautista Rocío , Claros M. Gonzalo , Garrido Juan J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of food-borne zoonosis leading to acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs, causing economic losses to producers and farmers, and generating a food security risk. In a previous study, we demonstrated that S. Typhimurium infection produces a severe transcriptional activation of inflammatory processes in ileum. However, little is known regarding how microRNAs regulate this response during infection. Here, small RNA sequencing was used to identify 28 miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in ileum of S. Typhimurium-infected pigs, which potentially regulate 14 target genes involved in immune system processes such as regulation of cytokine production, monocyte chemotaxis, or cellular response to interferon gamma. Using in vitro functional and gain/loss of function (mimics/CRISPR-Cas system) approaches, we show that porcine miR-194a-5p (homologous to human miR-194-5p) regulates TLR4 gene expression, an important molecule involved in pathogen virulence, recognition and activation of innate immunity in Salmonella infection.
Usefulness of lung ultrasound for early detection of hospital-acquired pneumonia in cardiac critically ill patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Pasqueron Jean , Dureau Pauline , Arcile Gauthier , Duceau Baptiste , Hariri Geoffroy , Lepère Victoria , Lebreton Guillaume , Rouby Jean-Jacques , Bouglé Adrien 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common and severe complication in patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) and its diagnosis remains challenging. Nothing is known about the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in early detection of HAP in patients treated with VA ECMO. Also, LUS and chest radiography were performed when HAP was suspected in cardiac critically ill adult VA ECMO presenting with acute respiratory failure. The sonographic features of HAP in VA ECMO patients were determined and we assessed the performance of the lung ultrasound simplified clinical pulmonary score (LUS-sCPIS), the sCPIS and bioclinical parameters or chest radiography alone for early diagnosis of HAP.

Results
We included 70 patients, of which 44 (63%) were independently diagnosed with HAP. LUS examination revealed that color Doppler intrapulmonary flow (P = 0.0000043) and dynamic air bronchogram (P = 0.00024) were the most frequent HAP-related signs. The LUS-sCPIS (area under the curve = 0.77) yielded significantly better results than the sCPIS (area under the curve = 0.65; P = 0.004), while leukocyte count, temperature and chest radiography were not discriminating for HAP diagnosis.

Discussion
Diagnosis of HAP is a daily challenge for the clinician managing patients on venoarterial ECMO. Lung ultrasound can be a valuable tool as the initial imaging modality for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Color Doppler intrapulmonary flow and dynamic air bronchogram appear to be particularly insightful for the diagnosis of HAP.
Presence of comorbidities alters management and worsens outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the LUNG SAFE study
Authors: Rezoagli Emanuele , McNicholas Bairbre A. , Madotto Fabiana , Pham Tài , Bellani Giacomo , Laffey John G. ,   the LUNG SAFE Investigators, the ESICM Trials Group
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of underlying comorbidities on the clinical presentation, management and outcomes in patients with ARDS is poorly understood and deserves further investigation.

Objectives
We examined these issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study.

Methods
In this secondary analysis of the patient cohort enrolled in the LUNG SAFE study, our primary objective was to determine the frequency, and impact of comorbidities on the management and ICU survival of patients with ARDS. Secondary outcomes relating to comorbidities included their impact on ventilatory management, the development of organ failures, and on end-of-life care.

Results
Of 2813 patients in the study population, 1692 (60%) had 1 or more comorbidities, of whom 631 (22.4%) had chronic respiratory impairment, 290 (10.3%) had congestive heart failure, 286 (10.2%) had chronic renal failure, 112 (4%) had chronic liver failure, 584 (20.8%) had immune incompetence, and 613 (21.8%) had diabetes. Multiple comorbidities were frequently present, with 423 (25%) having 2 and 182 (11%) having at least 3 or more comorbidities. The use of invasive ventilation (1379 versus 998, 82 versus 89%), neuromuscular blockade (301 versus 249, 18 versus 22%), prone positioning (97 versus 104, 6 versus 9%) and ECMO (32 versus 46, 2 versus 4%) were each significantly reduced in patients with comorbidities as compared to patients with no comorbidity (1692 versus 1121, 60 versus 40%). ICU mortality increased from 27% (n = 303) in patients with no comorbidity to 39% (n = 661) in patients with any comorbidity. Congestive heart failure, chronic liver failure and immune incompetence were each independently associated with increased ICU mortality. Chronic liver failure and immune incompetence were independently associated with more decisions to limitation of life supporting measures.

Conclusions
Most patients with ARDS have significant comorbidities, they receive less aggressive care, and have worse outcomes. Enhancing the care of these patients must be a priority for future clinical studies.
Trial registration LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02010073.
Rampant Smoothing (RTS) Algorithm: an optimized consensus mechanism for private Blockchain enabled technologies
Authors: Tariq Usman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlockchain is a distributed database method of storing electronic information in digital form that makes it challenging to transform, hack, or rogue the system. Each time a new operation transpires on the Blockchain, an irreversible information of that transaction is buffered in all connected ledgers. Each distributed ledger is programmable, immutable and timestamped. This paper follows an immutable policy to ensure chronological trust-administration, security and privacy to resolve anomalies within linearly stored blocks. To prove the validity of submitted data, a consensus mechanism is required, which was attained by implementing a novel ‘Rampant Smoothing Algorithm’ that was encoded using Solidity (i.e., aimed at developing smart contracts). Experimental policies were aligned with Good Clinical Data Management Practices that portrayed effective ‘smart contract modeling’ to demonstrate resistance against majority consensus attacks by harnessing the core feature of ‘privacy decentralization’. During implementation of Blockchain network, an interconnected system of six hundred nodes (i.e., data points) were gradually configured.
Kin recognition benefits clonal offspring performance of historically grazed Leymus chinensis: insights for grassland management
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Xiliang , Duan Junjie , Sun Juan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Individual plants can identify their neighbors and adjust their biomass investment to avoid competing with their relatives or jointly cope with external stresses. Maternal effects can improve their offspring adaptability under external stresses. However, how grazing-induced maternal effects influence plant kin interactions remain unknown.

Methods
Clonal offspring of Leymus chinensis grown under multi-year grazing and non-grazing conditions were used for this study. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of focal plants in the presence of kin and stranger neighbors, with the aim of analyzing the interaction between maternal effect and kin relatedness.

Results
Kin relatedness of neighboring plants affected the biomass production and allocation of focal plants, demonstrating the presence of kin recognition in L. chinensis. Moreover, grazing-induced maternal effects significantly enhanced kin recognition in the species. Consequently, the presence of stranger neighbors significantly improved the growth potential of grazed offspring. Specifically, the total biomass of clonal offspring increased by 73.1% compared to the kin group, potentially buffering grazing-induced plant productivity declines.

Conclusions
This study shows that historical grazing enhances kin recognition in L. chinensis. Thus, introducing multi-genotypic plants can increase the productivity of grasslands. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of intraspecific plant–plant interactions in clonal species and provide new insights into sustainable grassland management.