bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Bagworms on Eastern Red Cedar, 1987
Authors: Redmond C. , Buxton M. , Potter D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on an eastern red cedar hedge located in a highway median in Lexington, Ky. The plants (8-10 ft tall) were pruned to isolate 24 individual 3-ft branches. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Bases of branches were banded with Tangletrap to confine experimental larvae. On 14 Jul, bagworms collected from another site were placed on the foliage and allowed to acclimate for 24 h, after which they were culled to 10 larvae/branch. Insecticides were then applied to the point of runoff. The number of live bagworms remaining on each branch was determined on 18 Jul. To test for residual toxicity, 5 additional bagworms were placed on test branches on 21 Jul (1 wk after treatment) and evaluated for survival on 24 Jul.
Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, on Crabapple, Wayne County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested crabapples growing on campus at the Ohio State University Agricultural Research and Development Center near Wooster were selected for evaluating efficacy of insecticides against fall webworm caterpillers. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle and aperture setting 3 was used to apply 400 ml of spray to the web and surrounding foliage on each of 3 single-web replicates/treatment. Application of sprays occurred 12 Sep under partly sunny skies at 10-13°C with a breeze of 0-5 km/h when larvae were 15-25 mm long. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 4, 8, and 15 days posttreatment by dismantling and examining the web in each sprayed tree and counting living and dead larvae.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticide treatments were evaluated to control the spring generation crawlers of the pine needle scale on heavily infested 6-8 ft Scotch pine Christmas trees. Each treatment was applied to 4 tree replicates. Foliar sprays were applied by using a Solo 425 backpack hand-pump sprayer. Each treatment consisted of 940 ml of each treatment/replicate. Treatments were applied 12 May under clear skies. The air temperature was 85°F, and RH was 70%. Six days posttreatment (18 May), a minimum of 5 infested needle fascicles were randomly removed from each tree. Fascicles were then individually placed in plastic bags and transported in an ice coolerl back to the laboratory, where the viability of the first 100 nymphs observed under a dissecting stereomicroscope was determined. Counts were always made! from a minimum of 5 fascicles.
Control of First Generation Crawlers of a Pine Needle Scale on Scotch Pine, Licking County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scotch pine (1.5-2 m tall) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating efficacy of insecticides against crawlers (5% settled first-stage nymphs). Heavily infested trees were sprayed 30 Apr using a KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle on aperature setting 3 for 30 s to deliver 600 ml of finished spray to each of 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Conditions were sunny, 24°C, with 8-16 km/h winds. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 10 May by collecting infested needles from at least 3 locations on each tree. Needles were placed in coin envelopes and transported in a cooler to the laboratory, where viability of the first 100 crawlers observed under a dissecting microscope was determined. Counts were made from at least 3 needle fascicles.
Performance of Baythroid for Reduction of Single-Comb Wasp Colonies, 1984
Authors: Wright C. G. , Dupree H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were conducted to determine he relative efficiency of Baythroid compared to Orthene, which has a wasp control label, for single-comb wasp reduction. Adults of Polistes sp. resting on rests attached to buildings were tallied. Nests were sprayed with a 0.25% Baythroid self-pressurized spray or a 1.0% Orthene PCO concentrate (20 replications each). The Orthene was applied at 20 psi using a coarse fan spray from a 3.8-liter compressed-air sprayer. Both sprays were applied randomly to nests for 2-3 s from a distance 2.5 to 3 ft between 6:15 and 10:30 A.M. on Aug 23. Five nests were used as untreated checks. Evaluation of insecticide efficacy and residual life was accomplished by comparing the percent wasp reduction on nests over time. Posttreatment counts were taken at intervals of 8 h and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.
Evaluation of Potential Insecticides for Controlling German Cockroaches, 1986
Authors: Wright C. G. , Dupree H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of self-pressurized sprays containing 1 of 2 concentrations of cyfluthrin or 1 concentration of an avermectins bait or dusttype baits of avermectins, boric acid, or fenoxycarb. MaxForce™ (hydramethylnon) bait and a self-pressurized spray of 0.5% chlorpyrifos, both labeled for cockroach control, were used as standards. Dry baits were applied with a Getz™ or Controlbulb™ duster. MaxForce was used as sold to homeowners; the self-pressurized formulations were applied as supplied by Whitmire Research Laboratories, St. Louis, Mo. All formulations were applied to cracks and crevices, except the MaxForce bait stations, which were attached to kitchen surfaces as directed by the label. Single-family houses located in Sampson County, N.C., served as test sites. Only houses with a minimum of 25 cockroaches sighted in a preliminary survey of the kitchen were used. Visual counts in the kitchen before the initial application and at specified intervals afterward determined the percent reduction in cockroach populations. The amount of insecticide for kitchen applications was recorded. No additional MaxForce stations were placed in the MaxForce test houses after the initial application. Other rooms in all test houses were treated, but cockroach numbers and amount of insecticide applied were not measured. Each formulation was replicated 5 times. Analyses were calculated on percent reduction of cockroaches (pre- versus postcounts for a house) using a general linear models procedure and the Goodnight [1982] Waller-Duncan K-ratio t test for variables. The combined wall and floor surfaces in the kitchens ranged from 35 to 90 m2 with a mean of 55 m2. The active ingredient applied in the initial application and during reapplications ranged from 0.007 to 4.2 g and from 0.0 to 1.4 g, respectively, for 50 m2 of kitchen floor and wall surfaces. Smaller quantities of insecticide were used for the reapplications because partial cockroach control had resulted in most of the dwellings.
Evaluation of Larvadex 5SC for Controlling Development of Fannia SPP., 1986
Authors: Meyer Jeffery A. , Cyr Tracy , David Mandeville J. , McKeen William D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test facility was a small, caged-layer house containing 4 rows of back-to-back cages; the 2 center rows were utilized for this evaluation. Each cage was 12 inches × 16 inches and held 3 birds. The 5% soluble concentrate formulation of Larvadex (cyromazine,N-cyclopropyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, CGA-72662) was applied to poultry manure at rates of 0.05 and 0.10%. Each rate was sprayed on either a weekly or biweekly schedule at 0.75 gal/100 ft2 with a 2 gal B & G sprayer at 40 psi. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, utilizing a randomized complete block design. One replicate of each treatment consisted of 2, 5-cage sections of back-toback cages (120 birds/4 reps). Treatments were evaluated by sampling the manure every 4 wk and allowing adult Fannia spp. to emerge. Four, 1-qt cores of manure were sampled from each plot at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initiating the treatments and held under screened emergence traps. Adult flies were collected over an 8-wk period. The table shows the emergence of field populations of Fannia spp. from manure treated with Larvadex 5SC.
Residual Efficacy of Tempo 2C (F) and Oftanol 21 on Turf Against Adult Cat Fleas, 1985
Authors: Cilek J. E. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Turf grass was sprayed with either 25% Tempo 2C (formulation 1874-C) at rates of 6, 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g (AI)/1000 ft2 or 22% Oftanol 21 at rates of 2.6, 5.2 10.4, and 20.8 g (AI)/ 1000 ft2. Both formulations were dissolved in water and were applied with a SureShot 1 qt pressurized hand sprayer, calibrated to deliver 6.7 ml/s at 45 psi, to 12 inch × 70 inch swaths of turf grass. Turf height during the studies was ca. 2 inches. A similar area treated with water only served as a control. After treatment, three 5 gal plastic buckets with the bottoms removed were firmly placed into the soil of each plot. Approximately 25 adult cat fleas were released into each bucket. After 24 h, the number of live adult fleas were determined by placing ones’ hand into each bucket, recording and removing the number of fleas that attached. This procedure was repeated until 3 consecutive hand samples were negative for the presence of fleas. The buckets were then removed from the area. Turf plots were reinfested and evaluated weekly as described above. Residual testing of both compounds was terminated when the efficacy in the treated plots fell below 80%.
Efficacy of Aerosol Carpet Sprays for Control of Adult Fleas and Adult Flea Emergence, 1987
Authors: Cilek J. E. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four aerosol formulations, FS-744 (0.1% resmethrin, 0.5% chlorpyrifos 0.5%); FS-745 (0.1% Bay FCR 1272, 0.1% pyrethrins, 0.5% chlorpyrifos, 1% piperonyl butoxide, 1% MGK 264, 3% petroleum distillates); FS-746 (0.03% Precor, 0.2% pyrethrins, 1% piperonyl butoxide, 1% MGK 264); and FS-747 (0.1% Bay FCR 1272, 0.1% pyrethrins, 0.5% chlorpyrifos, 1% piperonyl butoxide, 1% MGK 264, 1.4% petroleum distillates), were evaluated against adult cat fleas and adult flea emergence. Nylon shag pile carpet discs (5 inch diam) were sprayed with each formulation at a rate of 3g/1000 ft2. Untreated carpet discs of the same size were used as controls. Each formulation and the controls were replicated 3 times. Treated discs were placed into separate 1 gal glass jars and ca. 25 adult cat fleas were added. After 24 h, dead and live fleas were recovered by removing the carpet disc from the jar and brushing it vigorously for ca. 1 min within a 5 gal plastic bucket. Discs were then submerged in water to recover any additional live fleas. Nylon shag pile carpet discs (3.5 inch diam) were treated as described above and tested for their effects on adult flea emergence. Each test formulation was replicated 3 times and the control was replicated 6 times. On the day of treatment and 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 wk posttreatment, ca. 0.25 g of a dried blood and ground cat chow mixture (3:20) and 25 cat flea eggs were placed within the fibers of each treated carpet disc. Infested discs were then placed into 1 pt fonda containers, covered with a fine mesh cloth screen to contain emerging adults and stored at 25°C and 80% RH. When &gt;50% of the adult fleas had emerged in the control containers, treatments were evaluated for % adult emergence by recovering adult fleas as described above. In both tests, carpet discs were used only once during each testing interval. All carpet discs were stored at ca. 25°C between infestation periods.
Evaluation of UC27BF32 Formulations for Control of Cat Flea Adults on Carpet, 1986
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Koehler P. G. , Patterson R. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of UC27BF32, a 50 wettable powder (WP) and 3.3 flowable (F), were evaluated as sprays for control of adult cat fleas on carpet. Each of the 10 treatments was applied to a carpet piece measuring 225 cm2. Treatment rates for both the 50WP and 3.3F were 2.0, 1.0, 0.50, and 0.25%, respectively. Dursban LO (.25%) was used as the standard, while carpet treated with water served as the control. Each treatment was applied at the rate of 3.78 liters/46.45 m2 using a track sprayer. Treatment of the carpet was conducted on the morning of 24 Oct. After the carpet had dried, 10 1 cm2 pieces were cut from each of the larger pieces. Each 1 cm2 piece was placed in the bottom of a 250 ml graduated cylinder. Ten newly emerged adult cat fleas were then placed in each cylinder for 24 h, after which time the number of dead fleas in each one was recorded. All fleas were then removed from the cylinders using a vacuum aspirator. The carpet pieces were stored in the bottom of each cylinder for 7 days. After 7 days, 10 newly emerged fleas were placed in each of the cylinders containing 1 cm2 carpet pieces treated with either UC27BF32 50W (2.0%), 3.3F (2.0%), water, or Dursban LO (0.25%). Twenty-four hours later the number of dead fleas in each cylinder was recorded.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1988:
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated 27 Jul at a research farm near Geneva, N.Y., in a Lima silt loam soil. Seeds (planted at 10/ft) and treatments were applied using hand-pushed cone seeders. Germination counts were made 30 Aug. Plots consisted of a single row, 20 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 36-inch row width. All liquid applications were applied in 50 gal/acre. Over-furrow applications were applied to the soil surface after planting using a CO2-powered sprayer. Incorporation treatments were made by applying the treatment to the soil surface using a CO2-powered sprayer or Gandy granule applicator and then planting through it. Injury ratings were made 25 Oct by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Aphid Control, 1987:
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Early Round Dutch’ cabbage was planted 8 Oct into double-row beds with 1-m centers at the Texas A & M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Weslaco. Soil type was Raymondville clay loam. The plots consisted of 2 beds by 21 m with a buffer row between plots; each block was separated with a 4.5-m buffer. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Granular applications were applied in the furrows 4.5 cm below the seed at planting time. Sidedress treatments were applied in a liquid fertilizer solution (66 kg N-32/ha) on 16 Dec through a liquid fertilizer applicator (two shanks/bed). Foliar sprays of MetaSystox-R were applied 9 and 16 Dec using a CO2-charged backpack sprayer calibrated to spray 93 liters/ha (84.3 kg cm2, 4 flat-fan nozzles/plot). Efficacy was evaluated by removing the roots of 3 plants from each plot and washing them in 3.75 liters of water containing 1 tablespoon of calcium chloride. Dislodged aphids were counted as they floated to the surface of the water. Yields were determined by hand-harvesting both beds in a 4.5-m section of plot. The number of heads and total weight in kg/plot were recorded. Only cabbage heads of commercially acceptable size were harvested during each harvest; thus weight/head was consistent among treatments. Yield was accumulated for each harvest date for analysis. Data were analyzed for treatment differences with ANOVA.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Fall Cabbage, 1988:
Authors: Whalen J. , Breeding R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage plants were transplanted on 11 Aug near Georgetown, Del. Two-row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized wheelbarrow sprayer using 3 hollow-cone nozzles/row and delivering 44 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 23 and 31 Aug; 6, 13, 20, and 27 Sep; 4 and 12 Oct. Number of larvae/5 plants was recorded on 8, 15, 22, and 29 Sep. Yield (percentage of marketable heads) was taken on 18 Oct and defined as cabbage heads with no visible feeding and having at least 2 undamaged wrapper leaves.
Foliar Pest Control, 1987:
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Epic’ eggplant was transplanted 9 Jul near Benson, N.C. Single row plots, 10 ft long on 42-inch centers, were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow-cone nozzle (18 x). Application rate was 54 gal/acre delivered at 60 psi. Applications were made on 15 and 22 Jul, 6 and 13 Aug, and 10 Sep. Damage ratings were made on 27 Jul; 4, 20, and 27 Aug; 10 and 17 Sep; and 7 Oct.
Control of Potato Insects, 1987:
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located at the Colorado State University Department of Horticulture Field Research Station north of Fort Collins. ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes planted 19 May at 34-inch row spacing were used in the study. Plots were 2 rows, 30 ft long, surrounded by untreated rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 1 Sep using a CO2, compressed-air sprayer delivering 33 gal/acre. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting 35 middle and lower leaves/plot.
Insecticide Trial, 1988:
Authors: Mayer D. F. , Lunden J. D. , Miliczky E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in fields of ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes planted near Prosser, Wash. Plant spacing was 6 inches with 34 inches between rows. Plot size was 4 rows by 20 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Standard planting, fertility, and weed control practices were followed. Spray applications were done 31 May with a R & D CO2-pressurized sprayer at a rate of 25 gal/acre using a hand-:-heldboom with 4 nozzles. Evaluations were made on 2, 7, 14, and 21 Jun by counting the live larvae and adult beetles on 10 plants/plot.
Mortality in Leaf Cages, 1988:
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were treated with systemic insecticides in small plots (3 rows by 50 ft, 36-inch row spacing) on the University of Idaho research station near Kimberly. Soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by solid set sprinklers. The potatoes were planted 22 Apr. Seven insecticide treatments and an untreated control were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Temik was applied at rates of 2 and 3 lb (AI)/acre in a 2-3-inch band in the seed furrow at planting, at 2 lb (AI)/acre applied in an 8-inch band 2-3 inches above the seed, and at 2 lb (AI)/acre with granules applied in an 8-inch band in front of the planter disk opener. Thimet was applied at a rate of 3 lb (AI)/acre in a 2-3-inch band in furrow. Combination treatments of Temik plus Mocap (2 and 3 lb [AI]/acre, respectively) were also applied using the in-furrow application method. On a weekly schedule, beginning 45 d after planting, 10 GPA were introduced into leaf cages. The cages were then attached to the bottom of a leaflet on a leaf near the bottom of the plant. Aphid mortality was recorded 48 and 96 h after the cage was attached to the plant.
Control on Potato, 1988:
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N. , Slocombe A. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 9 May in South Deerfield, Mass. Soil type was a fine sandy loam, pH 5.6. CPB pressure was heavy because potatoes were grown adjacent to overwintering sites. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows with a 6-ft fallow area separating each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2-pressurized sprayers at 40 psi, delivering 70 gal/acre. Applications were made on 21 and 28 June and 5 and 18 Jul. Monitor 4 LC was applied to all treatments on 20 Jul at MRFR to control aphids and leafhoppers. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on 5-10 whole stalks in each plot. To adequately evaluate microbial insecticides, larvae were counted and recorded as early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth). The performance of these materials was evaluated primarily by comparing late-instar counts, because it took 4-5 days for the dead larvae to drop from the plants. On 22 Jul, each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale of 0-100%. At that time, the control plots were completely defoliated.
Control on Alfalfa, 1986
Authors: Flessel John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 1-yr-old stand of ‘Vernal’ alfalfa at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, was used for this study. Treatments were applied 10 Jul using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre at 20 psi using 8001 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots were 25 by 80 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The alfalfa was 18 inches tall at treatment and 28 inches tall at the completion of the study. The weather was normal with the first precipitation 24 h after application. Precipitation fell on 6 days during the study and totaled 1.76 inches. Cygon at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre was the standard.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1988
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 1-yr-old stand of‘Cimarron’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 by 36 ft, and all treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gal total vol/acre. Treatments were applied 20 Apr with a low-pressure, low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 SS8003 Teejet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 2, 7, 9, 13, 16, 20, 23, and 29 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diara beating net. A standard treatment of Furadan 4 F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for compariso.
Alfalfa Pest Control, 1988
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots (12 by 12 m) were established in a field of ‘Olds-88’ alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Research Station in Columbia County. Each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 23 Aug from a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles delivering 188 liters finished spray/ha at 35 psi. Insecticide-impregnated dry fertilizer was prepared by placing the fertilizer in a cement mixer and slowly spraying the formulated insecticide into the revolving drum with a hand-held mist sprayer. Approximately 2 min was allowed for blending. The fertilizer-insecticide mixture was in a checkerboard pattern applied with a push-type broadcast spreader. Insect abundance was estimated by taking 20 pendulum sweeps in each plot with a standard 38-cm-diam sweep net.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1988
Authors: Whalen J. , Breeding R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 3-yr-old alfalfa stand at the Delaware State College Farm in Dover. Plots were 12 by 30 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied 12 May with a CO2-pressurized ATV 4-wheeled sprayer delivering 19 gal/acre at 40 psi on 12-inch-tall alfalfa. AW density was evaluated prior to treatment and at 4 DAT by collecting 10 stems from each plot and counting the larvae/stem.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1988
Authors: Whalen J. , Breeding R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 3-yr-old alfalfa stand at the Delaware State College farm in Dover. Plots were 12 by 30 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied 16 Aug with a CO2-pressurized ATV 4-wheeled sprayer delivering 19 gal water/acre at 40 psi to 4-inch-tall alfalfa. PLH density was evaluated prior to treatment and at 3, 7, and 14 DAT by taking 10 sweeps/plot with a 15-inch-diam sweep net.