bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and Evaluating an Instrument to Assess Perceptions of an Entry-level Physician Associate Doctoral Degree
Authors: Jun Hyun-Jin , Gordes Karen , Fleming Shani , Kulo Violet , Cawley James , Kayingo Gerald 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMost health professions in the United States have adopted clinical or practice doctorates, sparking an ongoing debate on whether physician assistants/associates (PAs) should transition from a master’s to a doctorate as the terminal degree. Although more studies are expected to be conducted, there is no validated instrument assessing perceptions of various stakeholders regarding an entry-level PA doctoral degree. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel-self-report measure to assess perceptions of an entry-level PA doctoral degree. MethodsA multifaceted, mixed-methods approach was adopted. Based on a comprehensive literature review regarding the impact of the doctoral transitions in health professions, an initial version of perceptions of an entry-level terminal PA doctoral degree scale (PEDDS) was generated. This scale was pilot tested with a group of PA faculty, students, and clinicians. Then, a cross-sectional survey consisting of 67 items was conducted with a national random sample of 1,368 practicing PAs and PA students. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted to ensure validity of PEDDS. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce the number of items and reveal the underlying structure of PEDDS.ResultsThe PCA confirmed 10 factors of PEDDS consisting of 53 items as the best-fit factor structure with adequate internal consistency of subscales. Those factors include a) expected positive impact on the PA profession, b) expected impact on prerequisites, (c) expected impact on the student preparedness as PA faculty and educators, (d) expected impact on the student preparedness as clinicians, (e) expected impact on accreditation and certification, (f) expected impact on curriculum, (g) expected impact on PA educators, (h) expected positive impact on diversity, (i) expected negative impact on the PA profession, and (j) expected impact on the student competency. ConclusionsThe present study highlights the need to develop valid and reliable measurements to assess perceptions regarding the transition to the entry-level doctorate across health professions. This study could be used to guide further discussion of the entry-level doctorates for PAs and other health professions by bridging the gap of existing literature related to valid, reliable, and standardized measures on this topic.
Evaluation of proximal tubule functions at the children with COVID-19 infections: a prospective analytical study
Authors: Devrim Fatma , Böncüoğlu Elif , Kıymet Elif , Şahinkaya Şahika , Cem Ela , Düzgöl Mine , Kara Aybüke Akaslan , Arıkan Kamile Ötiken , Kantar Aslı , Yılmaz Ebru , Dinçel Nida , Bayram Nuri , devrim ilker 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: There are limited numbers of studies focusing on renal effects of COVID-19 infection and proximal tubular dysfunction in children with COVID-19 infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the functions of the proximal tubule in hospitalized children with confirmed acute COVID-19. Methods: This prospective descriptive study included the children who were hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 were included. The diagnosis of proximal tubule injury was based on the presence of at least two of the following four abnormalities including abnormal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, normoglycemic glycosuria, hyperuricosuria, and proteinuria. Results: A total of 115 patients were included in the study. Approximately one-third of the patients had higher serum creatinine levels or proteinuria. Additionally, abnormal renal tubular phosphate loss measured by TMP/eGFR was present in 10 patients (8.7%) and hyperuricosuria was present in 28.6%. Consequently, overall PTD was present in 24 patients (20.8%), and PTD associated with COVID-19 was significantly detected in younger children.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that one in five children with acute COVID-19 infections had proximal tubular dysfunction. The rate of proximal tubular dysfunctions was not so high as in adults but should be kept in mind. The children with COVID-19 infections should be monitored for recovery of proximal tubular functions.
Mechanism Study and the Role of Coupled Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Optical Out-Coupling Enhanced Top-Emitting OLEDs with a Dielectric Capped Ag Cathode
Authors: Wang Xue-Liang , qian min , Zhou Dong-Ying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Classical optical transfer matrix method and micro-cavity theory is applied to compute optical out-coupling of Top-Emitting OLEDs (TEOLEDs). Optical paths of various functional organic films and electrode structures are included in the calculations. Fluorescent Alq3 green TEOLEDs were fabricated and tested based on theoretical calculations. For TEOLEDs with Ag cathodes plus NPB coatings, we experimentally observed significant enhancements in optical out-couplings compared to that of with bare Ag cathode. We also found that thin-film optics theory is insufficient to explain the observed enhancement. To explain the experimental results, we incorporated near-field radiation of electric dipole and its interactions with Ag cathode film, i.e., surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) theory, coupled SPPs in a dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) structure. Therefore, we demonstrate that optical out-coupling enhancement has three contributing factors in a TEOLED: an increased transmittance of cathode Ag, a varied internal micro-cavity gain, and the dominant improved SPP coupling on both sides of the Ag film cathode.
Associations between perceived participation outside home and types of places visited among persons living with and without dementia: risks perception and socio-demographic aspects.
Authors: Margot-Cattin Isabel , Berchtold André , Gaber Sophie , Kühne Nicolas , Nygard Louise , Malinowsky Camilla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Participation outside home has recently been given attention with a focus on places visited for persons living with and without dementia. Multiple factors like socio-demographic aspects and risk perception have been shown to influence the perception of participation outside home.Aim and methods:This cross-sectional, explorative study aims to explore how places visited, socio-demographic aspects and risk perception are associated with the perception of participation outside home for a sample of 70 persons living with and without dementia in Switzerland. First, we investigated whether the number of places visited was correlated with the perception of participation outside home; then we added socio-demographic and risk perception factors with a bivariate analysis; and searched for a model using multinomial logistic regressions.Results:The number of places visited was associated with the perception of participation outside home, but only for the group of persons living without dementia (p = .043). Risks of falling (p=.014) and of getting lost (p=.037) were associated for the group of persons living with dementia only. Being able to visit places for recreational and physical activities (p=.005) was associated for the group of persons living without dementia. Discussion and conclusion:The results of the exploration of multiple factors and search for a model, highlights the complexity of participation outside home as a construct. Visiting multiple and various types of places seem to play a role in participation outside home but would need to be further investigated.
Therapeutic potentials of the caffeine in polycystic ovary syndrome in a rat model: via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant activity Running title: The effects of caffeine on rats with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Delbari Ali , Rezaie Mohammad Jafar , Ghoreishi Seyed Amir-Hossein , Golmohammadi Rahim , Nasiry Davood , Rustamzadeh Auob , Raoofi Amir , Ebrahimi Vahid , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that 6-20% of women worldwide suffer from Polycystic ovary syndrome.It is associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction.Caffeine is naturally found in tea, cocoa, and coffee.It has shown that caffeine can change hormonal profiles, stimulate ovulation, and enhancing fertility. In this study,the effects of caffeine on PCOS rats were investigated. For this purpose, forty female rats were divided into four groups: the control group(without injection),the PCOS group(injection of 2 mg of estradiol valerate to each rat), the Caffeine group(37.5 mg/kg caffeine),and the PCOS + caffeine group(37.5 mg/kg caffeine).After 21 days of treatment, the ovaries of rats were removed and prepared for further evaluation including H&E staining,TUNEL, Real-time PCR, and biochemical analysis.Administration of caffeine in PCOS mice considerably reduced both the volume of the ovary(p<0.05)and follicular clusters(P<0.01).However, SOD and GPX enzymes were dramatically active in the PCOS + caffeine group compared to the rest(P<0.05). Besides, caffeine treatment in PCOS mice led to Bax reduction and increase of Bcl2 expression. On the other hand, the expression of IL-6 and TNF in caffeine + PCOS were high compared to the other groups.We found that caffeine can reduce apoptosis and inflammation in PCOS ovaries and enhance the unpleasant symptoms of PCOS
Study of Tribological Properties of Human Buccal Epithelium Cells’ Membranes Using Probe Microscopy
Authors: Torhov Nikolay , Mosunov A , Novikov Vadim , Ivonin Ivan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work the tribological properties of membranes of human buccal epithelium cells of adult in the presence of a protective adsorption buffer layer of ~ 100 nm on their surface were studied using atomic force microscopy in the contact scanning mode. Local mapping of the tribological characteristics of the surface was carried out, viz. friction FL = FL (x, y) and adhesion Fadh=Fadh(x,y) forces were measured.
Analysis of D-Chiro inositol in lowering androgen levels in PCOS patients
Authors: Ashraf Anza , Kundi Muhammad Bilal , Arif Syed Usama , Asif MUhammad , Ilyas Muhammad , Rehan Hafsa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) involves dysfunction in the endocrinal, metabolic and reproductive profile among females. D-chiro inositol is a novel treatment agent for improving the endocrinal profile seen in it. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of D-Chiro Inositol in lowering down the androgens levels in patients with PCOS. Methodology of the study: This randomized trial was carried out at the outpatient of Department of medical sciences during June 2020 to March 2021. 50 females with polycystic ovarian disease were divided randomly into two groups, each of 25 females. One group was give D-Chiro Inositol (600mg/day) and the other was given placebo. Androgens levels i.e. LH, FSH and testosterone were assessed at baseline and then after 8 weeks. Treatment effects were compared after 8 weeks by independent sample T test and a P value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients in the treatment (D-Chiro Inositol) group was 28±8 year’s vs 30±9 years in placebo group. The mean BMI of females in D-Chiro Inositol group was 25.7±3.6 kg/m2 compared to 25.8±4.2 kg/m2 in the placebo group. The mean levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were 14.74 mIU/ml, 10.19 mIU/ml and 78.48 ng/dL in D-Chiro Inositol group vs 17.22 mIU/ml, 13.03 mIU/ml and 86.08 g/dl in placebo group. Significant difference was present between both treatment groups (P value ≤0.05). Conclusion: D-Chiro Inositol is a promising drug for the lowering down the androgens levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome.
The importance of the cerebroplacental ratio for the prognosis of neonatal outcome in AGA fetuses
Authors: Mecke Luisa , Ignatov Atanas , Redlich Anke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: As a Doppler sonographic parameter, the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) provides information about fetal haemodynamics and the redistribution of fetal blood volume in response to a metabolic change. The present study was undertaken to determine the extent to which CPR can be used as a valid parameter in routine obstetric assessment. We investigated whether CPR can be used to assess the neonatal outcome in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses and its association with secondary caesarean section due to fetal distress. Methods: In this retrospective analysis 1,739 pregnant women were admitted to the University Women's Clinic Magdeburg, Germany, between January 2016 and Dezember 2017. Of them, 800 were eligible for analysis. SGA fetuses with an estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile were excluded from the study. The 710 AGA fetuses were divided in two groups based on the CPR: 669 fetuses showed a normal CPR ≥ 1.08; 41 fetuses showed a decreased CPR < 1.08. Results: In our study cohort decreased CPR in AGA fetuses was associated with threefold increased rate of caesarean sections due to fetal distress (p < 0.001). Our data suggested that low CPR is a reliable predictor of an impaired neonatal outcome in AGA fetuses in terms of a lower birth weight, transfer to neonatology, longer length of hospitalization and the presence of severe morbidity. Conclusion: Decreased CPR in AGA fetuses correlated with impaired neonatal outcome and secondary caesarean section due to fetal distress. The potential role of CPR for obstetric screening should be investigated in further studies.
Text Mining Approaches Oriented on Customer Care Efficiency
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Magaletti Nicola , Cosoli Gabriele , Giardinelli Vito , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the proposed work is performed a text classification for a chatbot application used by a company working in assistance services of automatic warehouses. industries. Specifically, text mining technique is adopted for the classification of questions and answers. Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) models describe the passage from “AS-IS” to “TO BE” in the context of the analyzed industry, by focusing the attention mainly on customer and technical support services where chatbot is adopted. A two-step process model is used to connect technological improvements and relationship marketing in chatbot assistance: the first step provides the hierarchical clustering able to classify questions and answers through Latent Dirichlet Allocation -LDA- algorithm, and the second one executes the Tag Cloud representing the visual representation of more frequent words contained in the experimental dataset. Tag cloud is used to show the critical issues that customers find in the usage of the proposed service. By considering an initial dataset, 24 hierarchical clusters are found representing the preliminary combination of the couple’s question-answer. The proposed approach is suitable to automatically construct a combination of chatbot questions and appropriate answers in intelligent systems.
Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality among Cancer Patients with
COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abolghasemi Sara , Ghasemzadeh Iman , Mardani Masoud , Mirtalaee Nasrinsadat , Sanadgol Ghazal 
Published: February 2022

Background:
COVID-19 has been a major concern for people and healthcare systems
since its emergence in China in December 2019. Patients with medical diseases are at a higher risk
of severe disease development and mortality. Cancer patients are more vulnerable to infections.
Several studies demonstrated that COVID-19 is associated with a greater risk of morbidity and mortality
among cancer patients. However, the risk factors for mortality among these patients are still
unknown.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with in-hospital death among cancer
patients with COVID-19.

Method:
In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed demographic data, clinical characteristics and
laboratory parameters of cancer patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in three tertiary referral
hospitals in Tehran, Iran from February to May 2020. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed
using real-time polymerase chain reaction testing and computed tomography scan findings.
Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 20. P-value less than 0.05 was considered
significant.

Results:
Sixty-six cancer patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Among participants,
35 (53.03%) patients were discharged, and 31 (46.97%) patients died in the hospital. Thirty-two
(48.4%) patients suffered from hematologic and 34 (51.6%) from non-hematologic cancers. The
most common comorbidities were hypertension (68.18%) and diabetes (56.06%). The most common
symptoms among patients were rhinorrhea (59.1%), fever (54.5%), and dyspnea (48.4%), respectively.
Diabetes (p= 0.00), hypoxemia (p= 0.005), and receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy
during the last three months (p= 0.022) were associated with a significantly greater risk of in-hospital
mortality.

Conclusion:
Hypoxemia, diabetes, and the time interval between chemotherapy/radiotherapy and
hospitalization are associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality among cancer patients with
COVID-19. These risk factors should be considered in the clinical management of hospitalized
COVID19 patients who suffer from cancers. In-hospital mortality and poor outcomes can be minimized
by addressing risk factors.
Perspectives on Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study among Parents of Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hashem Danya , Abu Hammad Osama , Farran Jana , Faran Anmar , Odeh Najla Dar 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries.

Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated with caries knowledge scores.

Results:
There was a total of 2690 respondents. The majority had average caries knowledge scores. Lighter shades of tooth discoloration were reported to be associated with stains and warranted home care only, while darker shades were associated with caries and yielded a necessity for a visit to the dentist. Different socio-demographic variables had an effect on the caries knowledge of the parents.

Conclusion:
There is a need for increased knowledge about the early signs of dental caries among parents. Delayed recognition of signs of dental caries has a detrimental effect on the teeth of children and leads to seeking dental care at the later stages of the disease process. Community-oriented programs are fundamental for improving caries knowledge, its clinical presentations starting from its early signs, causes, and prevention.
El CELA Superior dentro del Sistema de Certificación del CEPE
Authors: Campos Gómez Eva , Cárdenas Sosa Claudia 
Published: February 2022

El Certificado de Español como Lengua Adicional (CELA), nivel superior, complementa la serie de tres exámenes (inicial, intermedio y superior) destinados a validar el conocimiento y las destrezas que hablantes de otras lenguas poseen sobre el español.
Dada la importancia que la certificación del español ha ido adquiriendo en el ámbito de la enseñanza de lenguas a nivel internacional, en este artículo se ofrece un panorama general sobre el Sistema de Certificación con que actualmente cuenta el Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros (CEPE), para terminar describiendo el CELA Superior (versión 2) último componente de dicho sistema.
Negociando con el canon
Authors: Muñoz Figueroa Jorge Antonio 
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo busca reflexionar sobre la enseñanza de la literatura mexicana a extranjeros que aprenden español como segunda lengua (E/LE) mediante el enfoque intercultural; para tal fin, presento algunas consideraciones que nos llevan tanto a replantear como a reafirmar varios de nuestros criterios sobre tres aspectos: 1) la necesaria negociación que debemos realizar con el canon literario para 2) la elaboración de materiales didácticos y 3) la enseñanza de la literatura a extranjeros en el marco del diálogo intercultural.
La propuesta para llevar a cabo tal negociación es que el docente puede utilizar el canon literario como guía para la sistematización del estudio de la literatura y para la elaboración de antologías de textos literarios para alumnos extranjeros, aunque debe prescindir, en cierta medida, de tal pauta para favorecer una selección más adecuada y más dinámica, de acuerdo al nivel de conocimientos del alumno y a las necesidades tanto del curso como de cada grupo, de ahí la trascendencia de la interculturalidad.
México en la esfera imperial británica, 1763-1848.
Authors: Alatriste Guzmán Oscar 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una interpretación de los intereses imperialistas ingleses en México entre los años de 1763 a 1848, describiendo y explicando algunas de sus principales formas o expresiones, así como épocas o momentos, en que éstos tuvieron lugar aplicando la teoría del llamado imperialismo informal inglés de libre cambio.
Partiendo de la premisa de que este imperialismo convenía más a los intereses de la Corona inglesa controlar el comercio exterior de las colonias españolas y posteriormente el de las nacientes repúblicas independientes a poseer colonias formales en la región.
Exámenes de aprovechamiento computarizados
Authors: Campos Gómez Eva , Espinosa Aída , Jurado Salinas Martha 
Published: February 2022

En el primer curso de 2011 se implementó en el Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros (CEPE) la modalidad computarizada de una batería de siete exámenes (EC), que se administran al final de cada curso intensivo. Éstos se diseñaron con base en el perfil de egreso definido en siete de los ocho programas que conforman el programa de estudios del CEPE, el cual, a su vez, sigue los lineamientos propuestos en el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para el Aprendizaje, la Enseñanza y la Evaluación de Lenguas (MCER), aparecido en su versión española en 2002. Esta innovación representa una etapa más en el proceso de actualización y estandarización de los cursos de español, que tuvo como punto de partida el año 2000, cuando se empezó a trabajar en un nuevo programa de estudios, el cual entró en vigor en 2007.
El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de elaboración de los EC, el marco teórico-metodológico que los sustenta, así como los resultados preliminares (índices de dificultad de los reactivos) obtenidos en tres aplicaciones llevadas a cabo con 650 estudiantes en total.