bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bound-state formation, dissociation and decays of darkonium with potential non-relativistic Yukawa theory for scalar and pseudoscalar mediators
Authors: Biondini Simone , Shtabovenko Vladyslav 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dark matter models with light mediators featuring sizable interactions among dark particles enjoy an increasing attention in the model building community due to the elegance with which they can potentially explain the scaling relations governing galactic halos and clusters of galaxies. In the present work we continue our study of such models using non-relativistic and potential non-relativistic effective field theories (NREFTs and pNREFTs) and explore the properties of a Yukawa-type model with scalar and pseudoscalar interactions between a low-energetic scalar mediator and heavy dark matter fermions. In particular, we make first steps towards the formulation of such theories at finite temperature by providing the thermal bound-state formation rate and the thermal break-up of bound states from the self-energies of the dark-pair fields, that interact with the thermal environment. We estimate numerically bound-state effects on the dark matter energy density, that provide up to a 35% correction depending on the relative size of the model couplings.
Maximal transcendental weight contribution of scattering amplitudes
Authors: Henn Johannes M. , Torres Bobadilla William J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Feynman integrals in quantum field theory evaluate to special functions and numbers that are usefully described by the notion of transcendental weight. In this paper, we propose a way of projecting a given dimensionally-regularised Feynman integral, for example contributing to a scattering amplitudes, onto its maximal weight part. The method uses insights into the singularity structure of space-time loop integrands, and is complementary to usual generalised unitarity approaches. We describe the method and give a proof-of-principle application to the two-loop scattering amplitudes gg → H in the heavy top-quark mass limit, which involves both planar and non-planar Feynman integrals. We also comment on further possible applications and discuss subtleties related to evanescent integrand terms.
Two-loop hexa-box integrals for non-planar five-point one-mass processes
Authors: Abreu Samuel , Ita Harald , Page Ben , Tschernow Wladimir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the calculation of the three distinct non-planar hexa-box topologies for five-point one-mass processes. These three topologies are required to obtain the two-loop virtual QCD corrections for two-jet-associated W, Z or Higgs-boson production. Each topology is solved by obtaining a pure basis of master integrals and efficiently constructing the associated differential equation with numerical sampling and unitarity-cut techniques. We present compact expressions for the alphabet of these non-planar integrals, and discuss some properties of their symbol. Notably, we observe that the extended Steinmann relations are in general not satisfied. Finally, we solve the differential equations in terms of generalized power series and provide high-precision values in different regions of phase space which can be used as boundary conditions for subsequent evaluations.
Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems and Bifurcation for Quasi-Linear Elliptic Operators
Authors: Zongo Emmanuel Wend-Benedo , Ruf Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze an eigenvalue problem for quasi-linear elliptic operators involving homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a open smooth bounded domain. We show that the eigenfunctions corresponding to the eigenvalues belong to$$L^{\infty }$$L∞, which implies$$C^{1,\alpha }$$C1,αsmoothness, and the first eigenvalue is simple. Moreover, we investigate the bifurcation results from trivial solutions using the Krasnoselski bifurcation theorem and from infinity using the Leray–Schauder degree. We also show the existence of multiple critical points using variational methods and the Krasnoselski genus.
Narratives of epistemic agency in citizen science classification projects: ideals of science and roles of citizens
Authors: Ponti Marisa , Kasperowski Dick , Gander Anna Jia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCitizen science (CS) projects have started to utilize Machine Learning (ML) to sort through large datasets generated in fields like astronomy, ecology and biodiversity, biology, and neuroimaging. Human–machine systems have been created to take advantage of the complementary strengths of humans and machines and have been optimized for efficiency and speed. We conducted qualitative content analysis on meta-summaries of documents reporting the results of 12 citizen science projects that used machine learning to optimize classification tasks. We examined the distribution of tasks between citizen scientists, experts, and algorithms, and how epistemic agency was enacted in terms of whose knowledge shapes the distribution of tasks, who decides what knowledge is relevant to the classification, and who validates it. In our descriptive results, we found that experts, who include professional scientists and algorithm developers, are involved in every aspect of a project, from annotating or labelling data to giving data to algorithms to train them to make decisions from predictions. Experts also test and validate models to improve their accuracy by scoring their outputs when algorithms fail to make correct decisions. Experts are mostly the humans involved in a loop, but when algorithms encounter problems, citizens are also involved at several stages. In this paper, we present three main examples of citizens-in-the-loop: (a) when algorithms provide incorrect suggestions; (b) when algorithms fail to know how to perform classification; and (c) when algorithms pose queries. We consider the implications of the emphasis on optimization on the ideal of science and the role of citizen scientists from a perspective informed by Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Information Systems (IS). Based on our findings, we conclude that ML in CS classification projects, far from being deterministic in its nature and effects, may be open to question. There is no guarantee that these technologies can replace citizen scientists, nor any guarantee that they can provide citizens with opportunities for more interesting tasks.
Feedback systems in the design and development process
Authors: Wynn David C. , Maier Anja M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFeedback is essential in the design and development process, occurring in the generation of new designs, in the adaptation of development projects to emerging information, and in coordination and collaboration of project participants—among many other aspects. Feedback also contributes to development project complexity and may cause resistance to desirable changes. But despite the importance of feedback in the design and development process (DDP), relatively few publications have examined this topic in an integrated way. This article makes two contributions towards addressing the gap. First, a conceptual framework is developed to organise perspectives on feedback in the DDP literature. The framework shows how feedback occurs at different levels of the design and development process and how it affects important DDP behaviours, namely goal-seeking, learning and emergence. Second, a system-theoretic model of feedback situations in the design and development process is introduced to synthesise key ideas. We provide concrete examples to show how this new model can be used to frame DDP situations and draw out feedback-related insight.
Endpoint $$L^1$$ estimates for Hodge systems
Authors: Hernandez Felipe , Raiță Bogdan , Spector Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet$$d\ge 2$$d≥2. In this paper we give a simple proof of the endpoint Besov-Lorentz estimate$$\begin{aligned} \Vert I_\alpha F\Vert _{{\dot{B}}^{0,1}_{d/(d-\alpha ),1}(\mathbb {R}^d;\mathbb {R}^k)} \le C \Vert F \Vert _{L^1(\mathbb {R}^d;\mathbb {R}^k)} \end{aligned}$$‖IαF‖B˙d/(d-α),10,1(Rd;Rk)≤C‖F‖L1(Rd;Rk)for all$$F \in L^1(\mathbb {R}^d;\mathbb {R}^k)$$F∈L1(Rd;Rk)which satisfy a first order cocancelling differential constraint, where$$\alpha \in (0,d)$$α∈(0,d)and$$I_\alpha $$Iαis a Riesz potential. We show how this implies endpoint Besov–Lorentz estimates for Hodge systems with$$L^1$$L1data via fractional integration for exterior derivatives.
Time-dependent electromagnetic scattering from thin layers
Authors: Nick Jörg , Kovács Balázs , Lubich Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe scattering of electromagnetic waves from obstacles with wave-material interaction in thin layers on the surface is described by generalized impedance boundary conditions, which provide effective approximate models. In particular, this includes a thin coating around a perfect conductor and the skin effect of a highly conducting material. The approach taken in this work is to derive, analyse and discretize a system of time-dependent boundary integral equations that determines the tangential traces of the scattered electric and magnetic fields. In a familiar second step, the fields are evaluated in the exterior domain by a representation formula, which uses the time-dependent potential operators of Maxwell’s equations. The time-dependent boundary integral equation is discretized with Runge–Kutta based convolution quadrature in time and Raviart–Thomas boundary elements in space. Using the frequency-explicit bounds from the well-posedness analysis given here together with known approximation properties of the numerical methods, the full discretization is proved to be stable and convergent, with explicitly given rates in the case of sufficient regularity. Taking the same Runge–Kutta based convolution quadrature for discretizing the time-dependent representation formulas, the optimal order of convergence is obtained away from the scattering boundary, whereas an order reduction occurs close to the boundary. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Canadian Freshwater Environment
Authors: Lalonde Benoit , Garron Christine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic substances that are very stable in the receiving environment. Legacy perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are especially persistent and resistant to typical environmental degradation processes and therefore are distributed across all trophic levels and environmental compartments (soil, air, water). Since most uses of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and LC-long-chain PFCAs are banned in Canada, alternative PFASs have been in use for a number of years. Twenty-nine sites across Canada were sampled for PFASs to determine concentrations and trends. Overall, 13 PFASs were measured in 566 Canadian freshwater samples from 2013 to 2020 with a range from below the detection limit (LOD range: 0.4–1.6 ng/L) of the laboratory to a maximum of 138 ng/L (for PFBS). While PFOS and PFOA concentrations are declining significantly over time, other compounds such as PFPeA and PFBA have increased significantly over 2013–2020. Overall, the range of concentrations found in this study was similar to that of other Canadian and international studies. However, this study also found a higher frequency of detections of the replacement PFASs than that of the other, older, Canadian studies.
Society of Skeletal Radiology– white paper. Guidelines for the diagnostic management of incidental solitary bone lesions on CT and MRI in adults: bone reporting and data system (Bone-RADS)
Authors: Chang Connie Y. , Garner Hillary W. , Ahlawat Shivani , Amini Behrang , Bucknor Matthew D. , Flug Jonathan A. , Khodarahmi Iman , Mulligan Michael E. , Peterson Jeffrey J. , Riley Geoffrey M. , Samim Mohammad , Lozano-Calderon Santiago A. , Wu Jim S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present algorithms for the diagnostic management of solitary bone lesions incidentally encountered on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) in adults. Based on review of the current literature and expert opinion, the Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee of the Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) proposes a bone reporting and data system (Bone-RADS) for incidentally encountered solitary bone lesions on CT and MRI with four possible diagnostic management recommendations (Bone-RADS1, leave alone; Bone-RADS2, perform different imaging modality; Bone-RADS3, perform follow-up imaging; Bone-RADS4, biopsy and/or oncologic referral). Two algorithms for CT based on lesion density (lucent or sclerotic/mixed) and two for MRI allow the user to arrive at a specific Bone-RADS management recommendation. Representative cases are provided to illustrate the usability of the algorithms.
Bone tunnel placement influences shear stresses at the coracoid process after coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction: a finite element study and radiological analysis
Authors: Bockmann Benjamin , Dankl L. , Kucinskaite G. , Kumar A. , Timothy J. J. , Meschke G. , Venjakob A. J. , Schulte T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Coracoid fractures after arthroscopic treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations lead to poor clinical outcomes. In this study, different configurations of bone tunnels in the lateral clavicle and coracoid were examined concerning the amount of stress induced in the coracoid.

Methods
An authentic 3D finite element model of an ac joint was established. Three 2.4 mm bone tunnels were inserted in the lateral clavicle, which were situated above, medially and laterally of the coracoid. Then, two 2.4 mm bone tunnels were inserted in the latter, each simulating a proximal and a distal suture button position. Von Mises stress analyses were performed to evaluate the amount of stress caused in the coracoid process by the different configurations. Then, a clinical series of radiographs was examined, the placement of the clavicle drill hole was analyzed and the number of dangerous configurations was recorded.

Results
The safest configuration was a proximal tunnel in the coracoid combined with a lateral bone tunnel in the clavicle, leading to an oblique traction at the coracoid. A distal bone tunnel in the coracoid and perpendicular traction as well as a proximal tunnel in the coracoid with medial traction caused the highest stresses. Anatomical placement of the clavicle drill hole does lead to configurations with smaller stresses.

Conclusion
The bone tunnel placement with the smallest amount of shear stresses was found when the traction of the suture button was directed slightly lateral, towards the AC joint. Anatomical placement of the clavicle drill hole alone was not sufficient in preventing dangerous configurations.

Level of evidence
Controlled laboratory study.
The ‘Empirical’ in the Empirical Turn: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Bosschaert Mariska Thalitha , Blok Vincent 
Published: March 2022

Abstract During the second half of the twentieth century, several philosophers of technology argued that their predecessors had reflected too abstractly and pessimistically on technology. In the view of these critics, one should study technologies empirically in order to fully understand them. They developed several strategies to empirically inform the philosophy of technology and called their new approach the empirical turn. However, they provide insufficient indications of what exactly is meant by empirical study in their work. This leads to the critical question of what counts as an empirically informed philosophy of technology in the empirical turn. In order to answer this question, we first elaborate on the problems that the empirical turn philosophers tried to address; secondly, we sketch their solutions, and, thirdly, we critically discuss their conceptions of empirical study. Our critical analysis of the empirical turn contributes to new efforts to engage in an empirically informed philosophy of technology.
Alphabetized co-authorship in economics reconsidered
Authors: Wohlrabe Klaus , Bornmann Lutz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we revisit the analysis of Laband and Tollison (Appl Econ 38(14):1649–1653, 2006) who documented that articles with two authors in alphabetical order are cited much more often than non-alphabetized papers with two authors in the American Economic Review and the American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Using more than 120,000 multi-authored articles from the Web of Science economics subject category, we demonstrate first that the alphabetization rate in economics has declined over the last decade. Second, we find no statistically significant relationship between alphabetized co-authorship and citations in economics using six different regression settings (the coefficients are very small). This result holds mostly true when accounting both for journal heterogeneity and intentionally or incidentally alphabetical ordering of authors. We find some evidence that alphabetization in case of two authos increases citations rates for very high-impact journals. Third, we show that the likelihood of non-alphabetized co-authorship increases the more authors an article has.
Saying yes to mess: disorganization as an antecedent to dynamic capabilities
Authors: Herath Dinuka B. , Harrington Shelley 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModern businesses constantly operate in an environment filled with unpredictability. Such unpredictability and heightened dynamism require rapid responses, mainly prompted by the realization that such irregular phenomena cannot be dealt with using conventionally structured and organized approaches alone. In line with this ongoing conversation fuelled notably by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated digital acceleration, in this paper, we lay out the case for how “actively embracing disorganization” as a new work form can be a mechanism that facilitates the creation and enactment of important dynamic capabilities thus enhancing a firm’s ability to cope with unpredictable environments. In doing so, we attempt to make a novel contribution outlining the relationship between disorganization and dynamic capabilities through propositions and an accompanying conceptual framework. In this article, we position disorganization as a form of organizational design capable of enabling the link between dynamic capabilities and performance.
Cytotoxic and Radiosensitising Effects of a Novel Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor in Brain Cancers
Authors: Yao Anqi , Storr Sarah J. , Inman Martyn , Barwell Lucy , Moody Christopher J. , Martin Stewart G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system, a key antioxidant pathway, represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. This study investigated the chemotherapeutic and radiosensitising effects of a novel Trx reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, IQ10, on brain cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms of action. Five brain cancer cell lines and a normal cell type were used. TrxR activity and expression were assessed by insulin reduction assay and Western blotting, respectively. IQ10 cytotoxicity was evaluated using growth curve, resazurin reduction and clonogenic assays. Radiosensitivity was examined using clonogenic assay. Reactive oxygen species levels were examined by flow cytometry and DNA damage assessed by immunofluorescence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression was examined by RT-PCR array. IQ10 significantly inhibited TrxR activity but did not affect Trx system protein expression in brain cancer cells. The drug exhibited potent anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects against brain cancer cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in both 2D and 3D systems, with IC50s in the low micromolar range. It was up to ~ 1000-fold more potent than temozolomide. IQ10 substantially sensitised various brain cancer cells to radiation, with such effect being due, in part, to functional inhibition of TrxR, making cells less able to deal with oxidative stress and leading to increased oxidative DNA damage. IQ10 significantly downregulated EMT-associated gene expression suggesting potential anti-invasive and antimetastatic properties. This study suggests that IQ10 is a potent anticancer agent and could be used as either a single agent or combined with radiation, to treat brain cancers.
Road Cut Slope Stability Analysis at Kotropi Landslide Zone Along NH-154 in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Kanwarpreet , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A landslide is a natural phenomenon that generally occurs in mountainous regions leading to severe damage to life and property. Most of the landslides occur due to rapid snowmelt, rainfall and human activities in terms of road cutting, and mining, etc. In the present study, slope stability analysis of Kotropi landslide along NH-154 in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, India was carried out by using circular failure charts (CFC). The various input parameters such as ground water table and shear strength of soil were considered in the analysis. The factor of safety (FOS) was evaluated for different moisture conditions such as completely dry, 25% and 50% saturation for the selected four sections at Kotropi landslide. These sections were found as marginally stable with factor of safety greater than unity when the slope is completely dry while further increase in the moisture made slope sections unstable with FOS &lt;1 in case of slope sections 2, 3, and 4. Hence, the precautionary control measures were suggested based on the factor of safety analysis which will be helpful for various stake holders like engineers, designers, geologists etc., for stabilizing the current slope.
A parametric study using Box-Behnken design for melanoidin removal via Cu-impregnated activated carbon prepared from waste leaves biomass
Authors: Rizvi Subhi , Singh Anju , Gupta Sanjiv Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDistillery industry is amidst the top source of surface water pollution owing to its very high content of recalcitrant organics, inorganics, and persistent turbidity contents. Melanoidins are the chief dark brown-colored complex contaminant existing in the distillery generated effluent with a very high organic load. The present investigation examined the melanoidin elimination from a model wastewater system utilizing Cu-impregnated activated carbon derived from waste leaves of Mangifera indica. With the initial surface characterization utilizing SEM equipped with EDX and FTIR, the Box-Behnken design of experiments was engaged for determining the influence of different factors for the melanoidin removal from the aqueous system. Adsorbent dose, initial melanoidin concentration, and contact time have imposed the maximum effect on to the melanoidin removal (73%) using the synthesized activated carbon, clearly showing its ability for the melanoidin removal from the aqueous contaminated system.