bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REACH: A Required Curriculum to Foster the Well-Being of Medical Students
Authors: Ferguson Catherine C. , Ark Tavinder K. , Kalet Adina L. 
Published: April 2022

Problem
The extent of medical student unwellness is well documented. Learner distress may impact patient care, workforce adequacy, and learners’ performance and personal health. The authors describe the philosophy, structure, and content of the novel REACH (Recognize, Empathize, Allow, Care, Hold each other up) curriculum and provide a preliminary evaluation.

Approach
The REACH curriculum is a mandatory, longitudinal well-being curriculum for first- and second-year medical students at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) designed to prepare them for the emotional life of being a physician. The curriculum uses a framework, core concepts, and skills from the field of trauma stewardship. It builds on effective medical student well-being interventions (e.g., mindfulness-based training) and the sharing of personal stories by instructors during didactic and small-group sessions that are integrated into the regular MCW curriculum. During the first 2 years of implementation (2018–2019 and 2019–2020), the curriculum was evaluated using mid- and postcurriculum student surveys.

Outcomes
Over 700 students have completed the REACH curriculum as of March 2022. Overall, most students who responded to the surveys in 2018–2020 reported that they felt the REACH curriculum material was important, that the curriculum met their expectations for a quality medical school course, and that they would recommend other schools incorporate a similar curriculum. Respondents to the 2019–2020 postcurriculum survey indicated the REACH curriculum helped them develop self-care (84% [85/101]), mindfulness (76% [76/101]), and help-seeking (71% [72/101]) skills.

Next Steps
The initial outcomes show that integrating a mandatory well-being curriculum is feasible and acceptable to medical students. The authors plan to examine the relationships between student-reported well-being metrics, academic and clinical performance data, and professional identity formation. They are also prototyping electronic dashboards that will allow students to interact with their well-being data to promote timely help-seeking and behavior change.
Characterization of the Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Hand Fractures in Patients Aged 1 to 19 Presenting to United States Emergency Departments: A Retrospective Study of 21,031 Cases
Authors: Albright J. Alex , Rebello Elliott , Kosinski Lindsay R. , Patel Devan D. , Spears J. Reid , Gil Joseph A. , Katarincic Julia A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Hand fractures are among the most common injuries presenting in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) with incidence reported as high as 624 hand fractures per 100,000 person-years. If gone untreated, these injuries can lead to pain, loss of function, and psychological trauma. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and characterize pediatric hand fractures over a 5-year period.

Methods:
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for all hand fractures in patients aged 1 to 19 years presenting to US EDs between 2016 and 2020. Incidence was calculated using US census data. Cases were retrospectively analyzed using age, location of the injury, sex, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) era, and etiology of injury. Bivariate logistic regression was used where appropriate.

Results:
A total of 21,031 pediatric hand fractures were identified, representing an estimated 565,833 pediatric hand fractures presenting to EDs between 2016 and 2020. The mean incidence of pediatric hand fractures was 138.3 fractures for 100,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 136.2-140.4], with a 39.2% decrease in incidence occurring between 2019 and 2020. It was found that 42.2% of the fractures were in patients aged 10 to 14. The incidence of hand fractures for males and females was 97.9 (95% CI: 96.2-99.7) and 40.4 (95% CI: 39.2-41.5), respectively, with the male rate peaking at age 14 and the female rate peaking at age 12. Age, sex, location of the injury, and injury during the COVID-19 pandemic were demonstrated to influence the frequency and etiology of the fracture.

Conclusion:
This study determined the incidence of pediatric hand fractures presenting to EDs across the United States. In addition, it identified risk factors for common hand fracture etiologies (sports-related, falling, crush, punching) and demonstrated the change in rates of different etiologies of pediatric hand fractures that presented to US EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Prescription Stimulants and the Risk of Psychosis
Authors: Gallagher Keith E. , Funaro Melissa C. , Woods Scott W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Stimulants can cause psychotic symptoms at high doses and with parenteral use, but it remains uncertain whether the clinical use of prescription stimulants (PS) at therapeutic doses precipitates psychosis or influences long-term psychosis risk. Although serious, psychosis is a relatively uncommon event that is difficult to detect in brief randomized controlled trials. There have been several large-scale observational studies of PS and psychosis risk, which have not been reviewed; therefore, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies of PS and psychosis risk in adults and children.

Methods/Procedure
We conducted a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The protocol was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021243484). Eligible studies were longitudinal observational studies, either cohort or case-control, published in English that reported on PS exposure and risk of psychotic events or disorders. Risk of bias assessments were performed with the ROBINS-I instrument.

Findings/Results
There were 10,736 reports screened, and 8 were ultimately included (n = 232,567 patients): 4 retrospective cohort studies, 1 nested case-control study, 2 self-controlled case series, and 1 prospective cohort study. Exposure to methylphenidate (MPH) was more commonly studied than amphetamine (AMPH). In the 3 studies with lowest risk of bias, there was no effect of MPH exposure on psychosis risk, but there was evidence for increased risk with AMPH in 1 study.

Implications/Conclusions
We conclude that observational studies do not support a clear-cut effect of prescribed MPH on psychosis risk but that AMPH has been less well studied and may increase psychosis risk.
Using Retrofit, Reform, and Reimagine to Advance Toward Health Equity
Authors: McLemore Monica R. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
The purpose of this commentary is to provide an overview of the current landscape for childbearing families and pregnancy-capable people and a call to action toward the courage to align health and human services that support improved health outcomes. The commentary is broken into 3 parts.

Research:
The framework of retrofit, reform, and reimagine is developed to provide a conceptual framework that supports a shared language.

Methods:
The current landscape is juxtaposed on the framework of retrofit, reform, and reimagine to connect the dots for health equity.

Conclusions:
The commentary ends with a call to action that demonstrates a bold roadmap for birth workers, clinicians, nurses, doulas, physicians, and other clinical health services providers to coconstruct paths to human services that should resolve health inequities.
Ampullary gangliocytic paraganglioma with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Choi Hanlim , Choi Jae-Woon , Ryu Dong Hee , Park Sungmin , Kim Myung Jo , Yoo Kwon Cheol , Woo Chang Gok 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare tumor that mostly develops in the duodenum and is composed of the following 3 cell types: epithelioid endocrine, spindle-like, and ganglion-like cells. It manifests as symptoms such as abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and weight loss; however, occasionally, it is incidentally detected on endoscopic or radiologic examinations. Although GP is usually benign, it can metastasize to the lymph nodes, and distant metastases have been reported in some cases.

Patient concerns:
A 46-year-old woman presented with anemia on health surveillance examination. She had no other specific symptoms, and her physical examination did not reveal any abnormal finding.

Diagnosis:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and the endoscopist obtained samples from the inner side of the ampullary mass. Pathological examination suggested GP or a neuroendocrine tumor.

Interventions:
Initially, we planned transduodenal ampullectomy with lymph node excision. However, there was severe fibrosis around the duodenum, and an examination of a frozen biopsy sample from the periduodenal lymph node showed atypical cells in the lymph node. Therefore, we performed pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection.

Outcomes:
The final pathological diagnosis was GP located in the ampulla of Vater. The GP showed lymphovascular and perineural invasion and invaded the duodenal wall. Furthermore, 4 out of 18 harvested lymph nodes showed metastasis.

Lessons:
We described a case of GP confined to the ampulla with regional lymph node metastasis and reviewed published literature on ampullary GP with lymph node metastasis.
Viral exanthem following influenza vaccine
Authors: Musaed Alsharafi Amr Faisal , Al-Obaidli Amina Mohamednoor , Alhyassat Samir Abdulghani , Ibrahim Tayseer Sabah , Al-Nesf Maryam Ali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Influenza vaccination (flu vaccine) is associated with some musculoskeletal and neurological complications despite its wide use and significant safety profile. Skin is one of the most common systems for drug reactions and side effects. Skin rashes such as bullous eruptions and vasculitis have been reported, but viral exanthem are seldom reported in association with the influenza vaccine. In particular, herpes simplex virus-2 reactivation and myelitis following influenza vaccination manifesting as severe herpes simplex virus type 2 and associated with blisters on the back of a single patient have been reported before. However, data on the rate of such complications are scarce in the literature.

Patient concerns:
A young woman complained of an unusual presentation of eruptive vesicular skin lesions following influenza vaccination complicated by allergic contact dermatitis to lemon soap applied to the lesions.

Diagnosis:
Viral exanthem were diagnosed based on clinical presentation and supported by a skin biopsy.

Interventions:
Medical treatment with antiviral and corticosteroids.

Outcomes:
The patient had a favorable outcome.

Conclusion:
Dermatologists should be vigilant to the association with any new medications and skin lesions, observe the progression of the lesions, and revisit the medical history to establish the correct relationships for any possible new causative agent to an evolving or new developing lesion.
Methods used in the spatial analysis of diarrhea
Authors: Seboka Binyam Tariku , Hailegebreal Samuel , Yehualashet Delelegn Emwodew , Kabthymer Robel Hussen , Negas Belay , Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Tesfa Getanew Aschalew , Yasmin Farah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Diarrhea is a major waterborne disease that creates a high burden of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Spatial analysis tools have been emerging and show promising results in global health, it is unclear and little is known about the extent they have been applied to investigate the epidemiology of diarrhea. The objective of this systematic review will be to assess and summarize spatial evaluation approaches across the globe in diarrhea.

Methods and analysis:
The proposed study protocol conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols checklist. We will conduct a systematic search of articles investigating the epidemiology of diarrhea using spatial methodologies and approaches in the study design and analysis through PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. Articles to be included will be screened by 2 independent reviewers based on the inclusion criteria., consistency and inter-rater agreement in the selection of studies will be checked by using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Furthermore, the methodological quality of included primary articles will be assessed by reviewers. Findings will be synthesized by using narrative synthesis and tables of evidence for all studies included in this systematic review. A grounded and inductive analysis will be used to show a thematic summary of spatial analysis approaches.

Discussion:
We anticipate that this systematic review will provide a summary of the applications of GIS and spatial analysis techniques that have been used to explore the epidemiology of diarrhea.

Systematic review registration:
The systematic review protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [CRD42021292523].
New Mothers' Perceptions of Pressure to Breastfeed
Authors: Korth Christina X. , Keim Sarah A. , Crerand Canice E. , Jackson Jamie L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Develop a measure to quantitatively assess perceived pressure to breastfeed and examine associations between perceived pressure, emotional distress, and the breastfeeding experience and self-efficacy among women with 2- to 6-month-old infants.

Study Design and Methods:
A cross-sectional study using an online survey to assess perceived pressure to breastfeed, emotional distress, and the breastfeeding experience and self-efficacy was conducted. Participants were recruited through ResearchMatch, a national online service that matches potential participants to research studies, and online community forums (e.g., Facebook).

Results:
Women (n = 187) reported themselves and society as the greatest sources of pressure. Pressure to breastfeed was negatively associated with the breastfeeding experience (r = -.34, p < .01) and self-efficacy (r = -.39, p < .01), but not emotional distress. Pressure to breastfeed remained a significant explanatory factor, even when considering demographic covariates, with the final models accounting for 16% and 20% of the variance in the breastfeeding experience and self-efficacy, respectively.

Clinical Implications:
Perceived pressure to breastfeed may be an important psychosocial factor to consider when aiming to improve women's breastfeeding experiences. Reducing perceived pressure may be beneficial for promoting breastfeeding outcomes.
Modified MRI anonymization (de-facing) for improved MEG coregistration
Authors: Bruña Ricardo , Vaghari Delshad , Greve Andrea , Cooper Elisa , Mada Marius M. , Henson Richard N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLocalising the sources of MEG/EEG signals often requires a structural MRI to create a head model, while ensuring reproducible scientific results requires sharing data and code. However, sharing of structural MRI data often requires removal of the face to help protect the identity of the individuals concerned. While automated de-facing methods exist, they tend to remove the whole face, which can impair methods for coregistering the MRI data with the EEG/MEG data. We show that a new, automated de-facing method that retains the nose maintains good MRI-MEG/EEG coregistration. Importantly, behavioural data show that this “face-trimming” method does not increase levels of identification relative to a standard de-facing approach, and has less effect on the automated segmentation and surface extraction sometimes used to create head models for MEG/EEG localisation. We suggest that this trimming approach could be employed for future sharing of structural MRI data, at least for those to be used in forward modelling (source reconstruction) of EEG/MEG data.
The small GTPase ARF3 controls metastasis and invasion modality by regulating N-cadherin levels
Authors: Sandilands Emma , Freckmann Eva C. , Román-Fernández Alvaro , McGarry Lynn , Galbraith Laura , Mason Susan , Patel Rachana , Anand Jayanthi , Cartwright Jared , Leung Hing Y. , Blyth Karen , Bryant David M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractARF GTPases are central regulators of membrane trafficking that act by controlling local membrane identity and remodelling to facilitate vesicle formation. Unravelling ARF GTPase function is complicated by the overlapping association of ARFs with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and numerous interactors. The extent to which redundancy is a major factor in ARF function or whether individual ARF GTPases make unique contributions to cellular behaviour remains unclear. Through a functional genomic screen of 3-Dimensional (3D) prostate cancer cell behaviour we explore the contribution of all known ARF GTPases, GEFs, GAPs, and a large selection of interactors to collective morphogenesis. This revealed that the ARF3 GTPase regulates the modality of invasion, acting as a switch between leader cell-led chains of invasion or collective sheet movement. Functionally, the ability of ARF3 to control invasion modality is dependent on association and subsequent control of the junctional adhesion molecule N-cadherin. In vivo, ARF3 levels acted as a rheostat for metastasis from intraprostatic tumour transplants and ARF3:N-cadherin expression can be used to identify prostate cancer patients with metastatic, poor-outcome disease. Our analysis defines a unique function for the ARF3 GTPase in controlling how cells collectively organise during invasion and metastasis.
Fuzzy Bayesian based bow-tie risk assessment of runway overrun: a method for airline flight operations
Authors: Acarbay Caner , Kiyak Emre 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve risk assessment processes in airline flight operations by introducing a dynamic risk assessment method.

Design/methodology/approach
Fuzzy logic and Bayesian network are used together to form a dynamic structure in the analysis. One of the most challenging factors of the analyses in aviation is to get quantitative data. In this study, the fuzzy data quantification technique is used to perform dynamic risk assessment. Dynamic structure in the analysis is obtained by transforming the bow-tie model into a Bayesian network equivalent.

Findings
In this study, the probability of top-event from fault tree analysis is calculated as 1.51 × 10−6. Effectiveness of the model is measured by comparing the analysis with the safety performance indicator data that reflects past performance of the airlines. If two data are compared with each other, they are at the same order of value, with small difference (0.6 × 10−7).

Originality/value
This study proposes a dynamic model to be used in risk assessment processes in airline flight operations. A dynamic model for safety analysis provides real-time, autonomous and faster risk assessment. Moreover, it can help in the decision-making process and reduce airline response time to undesired states, which means that the proposed model can contribute to the efficiency of the risk management process in airline flight operations.
Reputational risk disclosure in the firms of Pacific Alliance
Authors: Porras-Gomez Hernando , Santa-Guzman Fernando , Orozco Luis Antonio 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the predominant features of the corporations in four Latin American that are countries associated with the disclosure of reputational risk in the frame of explanations proposed by the organizational institutionalism theory about the isomorphism due to environmental pressures like the organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD) membership and the belonging of Pacific Alliance (PA).Design/methodology/approachUsing an exploratory structural equation model (SEM) with 26 variables from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) of a sample of 205 large companies from Mexico, Peru, Chile and Colombia that belong to the PA, during 2016, the research evaluates the association of firms features with the disclosure of reputational risk.FindingsThis research founds that country, industry, working conditions, financial performance and status in terms of firms listed in the stock market and in rankings of corporate reputation use to talk about reputational risk in firms' reports. The financial industry, which is ruled by Basel guidelines, and companies with lower returns tend to disclose reputational risk. The isomorphism does not depend on the time of membership in the OECD.Practical implicationsThe findings revealed that belonging to the same multilateral organizations like PA or OECD is not enough to create isomorphism in improving the corporative disclosure increasing the quality of sustainability reports. Policymakers and managers need more incentive to avoid strategic silence and selective disclosure of information to promote more transparency for society and enhance the usefulness of accounting and corporate information to interpret business risks, especially reputational risk.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the emerging literature in reputational risk disclosure with evidence explained in the frame of organizational institutionalism evaluating the features that contribute to the legitimatization process, with counterintuitive evidence about the isomorphism pressured by multilateral organizations and economic blocks.
Liquid-phase assisted laser preparation of 304 stainless steel surface texture and tribological properties evaluated
Authors: Zhai Shuaijie , Feng Qiaogao , Yang Hui , Ma Lijie , Pang Minghua 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study a new liquid-phase assisted texture treatment method to improve the tribological properties of 304 stainless steel.

Design/methodology/approach
Three groups of textured type (KY, KJ and YJ) were prepared on 304 stainless steel surface using laser circular and cross scanning method in air and liquid assisted condition. The surface morphology and element content of test samples were measured with scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum. Then, the tribological test was carried out using MWF-500 reciprocating friction and wear testing machine under dry and oil lubrication condition.

Findings
The experimental results showed that the textured surface of laser processing in air was obviously blackened, and the oxygen content was increased from 16.9% to 24%. These cases did not occur on liquid-assisted laser textured surface, which induced a better wettability and surface texture processing quality. For friction test, the friction coefficient of cross-scanning textured surface prepared in assisted liquid (YJ) was the smallest. It is reduced by 55% in oil lubrication case compared to the original surface (YS). The cross-scanning textured surface prepared in air (KJ) was a little worse in friction coefficient and a little better in wear quantity than the cross-scanning textured surface prepared in assisted liquid (YJ). It is indicated that the laser processing surface with assisted liquid has obvious advantages in surface texture quality and interfacial tribological property. The main reason is that the assisted liquid plays a role in cooling and protecting action of the machined surface. The bubbles, generated at the solid–liquid interface because of the laser heat effect, scatter the laser beam and carry out the processed melt meanwhile. The lubricating medium is easier to penetrate and store in the contact interfaces because of the higher surface textured performance and wettability.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this work is in providing a new surface texture processing method that has a better surface micropits quality and interfacial tribology regulation ability.