bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust 3D brain segmentation in magnetic resonance image with weighted feature fusion
Authors: Xia Jing , Sha Jintao , Zhang Qian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate tissue segmentation in brain magnetic resonance image is of paramount importance for brain reconstruction and analysis. Supervoxels analysis enables relatively robust segmentation of brain tissues, by assigning the supervoxels to tissue clusters according to the inherent information of multiple features captured from the supervoxels. In this popular framework, difficulties are encountered in clustering imposed by the insufficient selection, deficient utilisation of features, and rough supervoxel boundaries due to the influence of noise. To address these aforementioned challenges, the authors propose a weighted feature fusion clustering segmentation method for dividing supervoxels into three tissues on the basis of a robust feature fused similarity matrix. To comprehensively capture the similarities of features among the supervoxels, we construct three complementary similarity matrices on the basis of multiple features from three aspects, that is, appearance, shape, and space location. Next, the authors propose a weighted similarity network fusion method to discriminatively fuse the three similarity matrices into one single matrix. This novel fusion process cannot only extract the common and complementary information of features, but also automatically adjust the weight of similarities according to its reliability. Finally, we achieve initial segmentation results by performing spectral clustering on the fused similarity matrix. To optimise the segmented boundaries affected by noise in the initial segmentation results, the authors construct a voxel‐wise diffusion energy function by considering the intensity information of neighbouring voxels. Experiments on two public brain magnetic resonance image datasets demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach.
ESC-Leitlinien 2021: Conduction System Pacing
Authors: Richter Sergio 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie aktuellen ESC-Leitlinien von 2021 bezüglich des direkten Pacings an den Strukturen des ventrikulären myokardialen Erregungsleitungssystems sind sehr defensiv ausgelegt. Verglichen mit
den Leitlinienempfehlungen aus Japan oder USA wird diese Art der „physiologischen Stimulation“ in Europa eher in den Schatten gestellt. Auch wenn randomisierte Studien mit harten Endpunkten
zur His-Bündel- und Linksschenkelstimulation fehlen, konnten doch in einer Vielzahl von Untersuchungen die Sicherheit, Effektivität und auch klinische Überlegenheit gegenüber einer
klassischen rechtsventrikulären oder biventrikulären Stimulation gezeigt werden. Die vorliegende Leitlinienfassung der ESC zur Herzschrittmachertherapie ist in diesem Punkt daher durchaus
diskutabel.
Screening auf Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) – Welchen Weg weisen die neuen Studien? Übersicht und Kommentar
Authors: Kleinwechter Helmut , Demandt Norbert , Nolte Andreas 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Screening auf Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) wird international nicht einheitlich durchgeführt. In Deutschland wird allen Schwangeren ein zweizeitiges Screening angeboten, zunächst ein 50-g Vortest (nicht nüchtern), im positiven Fall gefolgt von einem 75-g oralen Gluksetoleranztest (oGTT) über 2 h (nüchtern). Im Jahr 2021 sind zwei randomisierte Screeningstudien publiziert worden, in denen einzeitiges Screenen ohne Vortest mit dem zweizeitigen Screenen verglichen wurde. Einzeitiges Screenen erhöht die GDM-Prävalenz um das 2,3-fache ohne Vorteile für klinisch relevante Endpunkte von Müttern und Neugeborenen und um den Preis unnötiger Pharmakotherapie sowie Belastung der Ressourcen bei den Betreuern. Beim zweizeitigen Screening benötigen nur 20% der Frauen einen oGTT. Darüber hinaus wird die zweizeitige Strategie von den Frauen präferiert.
Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles by Domino C–N Coupling/Hydroamination Reactions
Authors: Langer Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present article presents a personalized Account on the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles by domino C–N coupling/hydroamination reactions and related processes. The starting materials, 2-alkynyl-1-halohetarenes, are regioselectively available by Sonogashira reactions of various 1,2-dihalogenated heterocycles, such as thiophenes, benzothiophenes, furans and benzofurans, pyridines, quinolines, pyrimidines, and other ring systems. More complex products are formed by domino C–N coupling/hydroamination/C–H arylation reactions of 2-alkynyl-1-halohetarenes with 2-bromoanilines. In these reactions, not only two, but three bonds are formed in one step. In many cases, the products constitute new heterocyclic core structures and show interesting pharmacological or fluorescence properties.1	Introduction2	Domino C–N Coupling/Hydroamination Reactions3	Domino C–N Coupling/Hydroamination/C–H Arylation Reactions4	Conclusions
Can Peripheral Perfusion Index (PPI) Predict Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients in the Emergency Department?
Authors: Korkut Mustafa , Bedel Cihan , Selvi Fatih , Zortuk Ökkeş 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes significant mortality and morbidity in severe patients.
Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 disease severity and peripheral perfusion index (PPI).
Patients and Methods This prospective observational study included COVID-19 patients admitted to the tertiary hospital emergency department. Basal clinical and demographic data of the patients and PPI values at the time of admission were recorded. The patients were categorized to severe and nonsevere groups according to clinical severity. The relationship between COVID-19 severity and PPI was examined in comparison with the control group.
Results A total of 324 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. COVID-19 (+) was detected in 180 of these patients. Ninety-two of the COVID-19 (+) patients were in the severe group, and 88 of them were in the non severe group. Note that 164 COVID-19 (–) patients were in the control group. PPI average was found to be 1.44 ± 1.12 in the severe group, and 3.69 ± 2.51 in the nonsevere group. PPI average was found to be significantly lower in the severe group than the nonsevere group (p< 0.01) As for the nonsevere group and control group, PPI averages were found to be 3.69 ± 2.51 and3.54 ± 2.32, respectively, and a significant difference was determined between the two groups (p< 0.05). PPI COVID-19 severity predicting activity was calculated as area under the curve: 0.833, sensitivity:70.4%, andspecificity:71%(p = 0.025) at 2.2 cutoff value.
Conclusion The results of our study showed that PPI is an easy-to-apply and useful parameter in the emergency department in determining the severity of COVID-19 patients.
The significance of infant research for psychoanalysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Pan Qi , Guo Benyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPsychoanalysis and infant research have strengthened cooperation in the current interdisciplinary dialog. The theoretical significance of infant research for psychoanalysis includes the consideration of individual “sociality” from birth, as opposed to the traditional psychoanalytic hypothesis of the “autistic” infant; such research creates openness in existing psychoanalytic mental models. It can also provide reliable evidence for the early development of various abilities and childhood amnesia, support psychoanalysis beyond linear causality, and create a framework for the theoretical integration of psychoanalysis. Infant research for psychoanalysis may present evidence of the healing effect of analyst–client relationships, encourage analysts to prioritize nonverbal information during treatment, and create opportunities for new psychoanalytic therapy technologies.
近義詞的詞彙語義互補性
Authors: Chiu Liching Livy 
Published: June 2022

摘要
本文探討機率副詞「也許、可能」、時間副詞「曾經、已經」、強調副詞「真是、實在是」，以及語氣副詞「難道、究竟」，以上四組近義詞的語法語義特點，以及搭配的句式和助詞。筆者認為近義詞的難點在於辨析各組語義徵性，甚至母語者也不理解細微的語義差異，而這四組副詞恰巧對應到副詞的四個語義面向，因此別具代表性。本篇研究發現副詞近義詞間的「互補性」非常重要：一、機率副詞「也許」的主觀性、直觀性比「可能」較強，情態副詞「可能」需要推測的依據與條件，「也許」則無心理預測、真值性較低；二、時間副詞「已經」表動貌時，皆以現在時的觀點，時間參照點可移動，句子的命題為已然狀態。而「曾經」的時間參照點永遠是現在，可當定語和句首修飾語，表示過去和現在的對比或對現在的否定。三、強調副詞「真是」以及「實在是」，兩者均可用來描述程度，經常搭配「是」的焦點標記，也常置句末來表達非成分的評價義。四、「難道」、「究竟」當語氣副詞時，與疑問句和語氣助詞的搭配，呈現「互補分布」。「難道」可用於是非問句，表反詰或測度，一般與「嗎」搭配；「究竟」跟「是」的共現頻率很高，與「呢」搭配。總結來說，副詞的語法功能在修飾謂語，以上四組近義詞恰巧對應謂語可被修飾之四種面向，卻都強調句法語義互補，幫助我們全面性窺探副詞的特色。
Perceptions of effective foreign language teaching
Authors: Xie Yan , Ziebart Laura 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Differences between teacher and student perceptions of effective language teaching methods can have an immense
effect on learning outcomes, and discrepancies between what teachers believe and practice can likewise have a great impact. This
study investigated how the perceptions of college instructors and learners on effective Chinese language teaching can be compared.
It also explored what consistencies and inconsistencies existed between what teachers believed were effective practices and what
they actually practiced. The results displayed several differences between teacher and student perceptions. It was also discovered
that most of the teachers taught according to their perceptions of effective teaching. Applying this knowledge implies that
teachers should incorporate culture into their teaching, introduce Chinese characters earlier, use communicative teaching methods
and a variety of learning activities to ensure a good learning outcome. Instructors should also increase their awareness of their
perceptions of effective teaching and attain regular feedback from their students.
Quantum corrections to the thermodynamics and phase transition of a black hole surrounded by a cavity in the extended phase space
Authors: Feng Zhongwen , Zhou Xia , Zhou Shiqi , Yang Shuzheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the extended phase space, we investigate the rainbow gravity-corrected thermodynamic phenomena and phase structure of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a spherical cavity. The results show that rainbow gravity has a very significant effect on the thermodynamic phenomena and phase structure of the black hole. It prevents the black hole from total evaporation and leads to a remnant with a limited temperature but no mass. Additionally, we restore the P − V criticality and obtain the critical quantities of the canonical ensemble. When the temperature or pressure is smaller than the critical quantities, the system undergoes two Hawking-Page-like phase transitions and one first-order phase transition, which never occurs in the original case. Remarkably, our findings demonstrate that the thermodynamic behavior and phase transition of the rainbow SC black hole surrounded by a cavity in the extended phase space are analogous to those of the Reissner–Nordström anti-de Sitter black hole. Therefore, rainbow gravity activates the effect of electric charge and cutoff factor in the evolution of the black hole.
Multi-cycling nanoindentation in additively manufactured Inconel 625 before and after laser peening
Authors: Tajyar Ali , Brooks Nicholas , Vaseghi Majid , Hackel Lloyd , Momeni Kasra , Davami Keivan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this research, a room temperature multicycle nanoindentation technique was implemented to evaluate the effects of the laser peening (LP) process on the surface mechanical behavior of additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 625. Repetitive deformation was introduced by loading-unloading during an instrumented nanoindentation test on the as-built (No LP), 1-layer, and 4-layer laser peened (1LP and 4LP) conditions. It was observed that laser-peened specimens had a significantly higher resistance to penetration of the indenter and lower permanent deformation. This is attributed to the pre-existing dislocation density induced by LP in the material which affects the dislocation interactions during the cyclic indentation. Moreover, high levels of compressive stresses, which are greater in the 4LP specimen than the 1LP specimen, lead to more effective improvement of surface fatigue properties. The transition of the material response from elastic-plastic to almost purely elastic in 4LP specimens was initiated much earlier than it did in the No LP, and 1LP specimens. In addition to the surface fatigue properties, hardness and elastic modulus were also evaluated and compared.
A roughness calculation method based on milling topography simulation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Minli , Zhang Wei , Li Kangning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The surface texture and roughness parameters of the workpiece after milling have a greater impact on the performance of the workpiece, so the analysis of the milling topography is particularly important. Firstly, the edge line of the ball end milling cutter was modeled. According to the movement law of the milling process, a complete set of milling topography simulation model was established, and a new influencing factor phase difference is proposed. In addition to the conventional cutting parameters, the model also considers the phase difference and tool inclination. Secondly, through the topography analysis and the calculation of the height of the convex peak H
max, the comparison with the experiment was carried out to further verify the accuracy of the model. Finally, the point cloud data obtained from the topography simulation is processed, the roughness Sa is calculated according to the least square method. and the influence of the phase difference Δφ and the tool inclination β on the milling topography, surface texture and roughness Sa are respectively analyzed. The conclusions obtained provide guidance and reference for industrial parts designers who have specific texture requirements.
Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of PEGylated gold nanoparticles in C33A cervical cancer cells
Authors: David Shaquan , Patel Devanshi Yogeshkumar , Cardona Sandra M. , Kirby Neil , Mayer Kathryn M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have served as an excellent candidate for biomedical applications. GNPs can be conjugated with carboxyl-polyethylene glycol-thiol (PEG) as a stealth coating which prolongs circulation time [Lipka J et al 2010 Biodistribution of PEG-modified gold nanoparticles following intratracheal instillation and intravenous injection. Biomaterials, 31 , 6574–6581, Janát-Amsbury M et al 2011 Geometry and surface characteristics of gold nanoparticles influence their biodistribution and uptake by macrophages. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm, 77 , 417–423] and increases cellular uptake.[He B et al 2017 Increased cellular uptake of peptide-modified PEGylated gold nanoparticles. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 494 , 339–345, Soenen S. J et al 2014 , The cellular interactions of PEGylated gold nanoparticles: effect of PEGylation on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 31 , 794–800, Guo J et al 2016 Bioconjugated gold nanoparticles enhance cellular uptake: A proof of concept study for siRNA delivery in prostate cancer cells. Int. J. Pharm., 509 , 16–27. Brandenberger C et al 2010 Quantitative evaluation of cellular uptake and trafficking of plain and polyethylene glycol‐coated gold nanoparticles. Small, 6 , 1669–1678. To examine the biological effects of PEG-coated GNPs, we investigated their cytotoxicity on human cervical cancer C33A cells as compared to citrate-capped GNPs. Our results indicated that PEGylated GNPs markedly induce apoptosis and necrosis causing cell shrinkage and cell membrane asymmetry. 30 nm citrate-capped GNPs were synthesized in aqueous solution using a citrate-reduction method. GNPs were functionalized with PEG (MW = 7500 g mol−1. The GNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming that the as-synthesized GNPs have a diameter of 30 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) determined that the hydrodynamic diameter of PEGylated GNPs was 78.82 nm, and that of citrate-capped GNPs was 43.82 nm. Zeta potential measurements showed an increase in colloidal stability for PEGylated GNPs as compared to citrate GNPs, with a zeta potential of −33.33 mV observed for citrate-capped GNPs and a zeta potential of −43.38 mV observed for PEGylated GNPs. The PEGylated GNPs were found to effectively induce early and late-stage apoptosis in C33A cells with a significant reduction in total cell viability of 32.3%. Based on the apoptotic activity in C33A cells, PEGylated GNPs may serve as a promising radiosensitizer for cancer treatments.
Acceleratingin silicosaturation mutagenesis using compressed sensing
Authors: Schreiber Jacob , Nair Surag , Balsubramani Akshay , Kundaje Anshul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationIn silico saturation mutagenesis (ISM) is a popular approach in computational genomics for calculating feature attributions on biological sequences that proceeds by systematically perturbing each position in a sequence and recording the difference in model output. However, this method can be slow because systematically perturbing each position requires performing a number of forward passes proportional to the length of the sequence being examined.ResultsIn this work, we propose a modification of ISM that leverages the principles of compressed sensing to require only a constant number of forward passes, regardless of sequence length, when applied to models that contain operations with a limited receptive field, such as convolutions. Our method, named Yuzu, can reduce the time that ISM spends in convolution operations by several orders of magnitude and, consequently, Yuzu can speed up ISM on several commonly used architectures in genomics by over an order of magnitude. Notably, we found that Yuzu provides speedups that increase with the complexity of the convolution operation and the length of the sequence being analyzed, suggesting that Yuzu provides large benefits in realistic settings.Availability and implementationWe have made this tool available at https://github.com/kundajelab/yuzu.
ZipHiC: a novel Bayesian framework to identify enriched interactions and experimental biases in Hi-C data
Authors: Osuntoki Itunu G , Harrison Andrew , Dai Hongsheng , Bao Yanchun , Zabet Nicolae Radu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivationSeveral computational and statistical methods have been developed to analyze data generated through the 3C-based methods, especially the Hi-C. Most of the existing methods do not account for dependency in Hi-C data.ResultsHere, we present ZipHiC, a novel statistical method to explore Hi-C data focusing on the detection of enriched contacts. ZipHiC implements a Bayesian method based on a hidden Markov random field (HMRF) model and the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to detect interactions in two-dimensional space based on a Hi-C contact frequency matrix. ZipHiC uses data on the sources of biases related to the contact frequency matrix, allows borrowing information from neighbours using the Potts model and improves computation speed using the ABC model. In addition to outperforming existing tools on both simulated and real data, our model also provides insights into different sources of biases that affects Hi-C data. We show that some datasets display higher biases from DNA accessibility or Transposable Elements content. Furthermore, our analysis in Drosophila melanogaster showed that approximately half of the detected significant interactions connect promoters with other parts of the genome indicating a functional biological role. Finally, we found that the micro-C datasets display higher biases from DNA accessibility compared to a similar Hi-C experiment, but this can be corrected by ZipHiC.Availability and implementationThe R scripts are available at https://github.com/igosungithub/HMRFHiC.git.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Changes in brain activity with tominersen in early-manifest Huntington’s disease
Authors: Hawellek D J , Garces P , Meghdadi A H , Waninger S , Smith A , Manchester M , Schobel S A , Hipp J F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It is unknown whether alterations in EEG brain activity caused by Huntington’s disease may be responsive to huntingtin-lowering treatment. We analysed EEG recordings of 46 patients (mean age = 47.02 years; standard deviation = 10.19 years; 18 female) with early-manifest Stage 1 Huntington’s disease receiving the huntingtin-lowering antisense oligonucleotide tominersen for 4 months or receiving placebo as well as 39 healthy volunteers (mean age = 44.48 years; standard deviation = 12.94; 22 female) not receiving treatment. Patients on tominersen showed increased resting-state activity within a 4–8 Hz frequency range compared with patients receiving placebo (cluster-based permutation test, P &lt; 0.05). The responsive frequency range overlapped with EEG activity that was strongly reduced in Huntington’s disease compared with healthy controls (cluster-based permutation test, P &lt; 0.05). The underlying mechanisms of the observed treatment-related increase are unknown and may reflect neural plasticity as a consequence of the molecular pathways impacted by tominersen treatment.
Hawellek et al. report that patients with Huntington’s disease treated with the huntingtin-lowering antisense oligonucleotide tominersen exhibited increased EEG power in the theta/alpha frequency range. The underlying mechanisms of the observed changes are unknown and may reflect neural plasticity as a consequence of the molecular pathways impacted by tominersen treatment.
China’s Stance on the Normativity of International Climate Change Law: An Interactional Account
Authors: Li Feiyue 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Existing analytical accounts of China’s interactions with international law are underdeveloped. This article proposes the use of an interactional model to explain the normativity of international law from three perspectives: shared understandings, normative qualities of international law, and the reception of individual countries to these normative qualities. Furthermore, the interactional model is used to explain how conceptions of the normativity of international climate change law are developed in China. It finds that China has accepted the common responsibility system under an enhanced transparency framework, while adhering to the facilitative nature of international commitments to accommodate the needs of developing countries and stringently insisting on obligations of support from developed countries being met. In this, China’s position on the normative qualities of international climate change law is influenced by its international identities, power status, national interests, and domestic understandings of anthropogenic climate change. The interactional account that follows implies that future research on China’s interactions with international law should be cautious of both Western centrism and Chinese exceptionalism and consider both the legitimacy of international law and China’s own domestic context.