bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of summer maize biomass based on a crop growth model
Authors: Li Weiguo , Zhang Chuanbo , Ma Tinghuai , Li Wei 
Published: June 2022

The challenge in the field of agricultural remote sensing monitoring has always been how to use crop growth models to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of regional summer maize biomass（referring to aboveground biomass weight，AGBW）. In this study, we constructed a summer maize biomass process simulation model (SMSMBP) to analyze AGBW and its change characteristics at different growth stages of field summer maize in Jianghuai regional along the east coast of China. First, the initial biomass simulation model was used to estimate AGBW of summer maize from the seedling emergence to the jointing stage, from the jointing to the tasseling stage , and from the tasseling to the grain filling stage. Then, the biomass simulation model parameters were adjusted based on measured leaf area index and AGBW data at the jointing stage of summer maize. Finally, the adjusted model was used to estimate AGBW from jointing to tasseling and from tasseling to filling. The results showed that the relative errors of the predicted and measured values of summer maize AGBW from seedling emergence to before jointing, during the early stage of jointing, before tasseling, and during the grain filling stage were 3.35%, 11.56%, 23.26%, and 15.83%, respectively. For the adjusted model , the root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted and the measured values before tasseling was 219.43 kg/hm2 and the relative error was 4.18%, and the relative error between the predicted and the measured values during the grain filling stage was 3.44%. Adjusting the model parameters using data from the maize jointing stage improved the prediction from jointing to tasseling and from tasseling to grain filling. This study provides a reference for the prediction of AGBW and its dynamic changes in different growth stages of summer maize, and could assist agricultural management department to adjust production measures.
Keywords: Biomass; Estimation; Planting areas along the east coast of China; Process simulation model; Summer maize
Association Between Patient‐Reported Outcomes and Treatment Failure in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Taxter Alysha , Donaldson Brittany C. , Rigdon Joseph , Harry Onengiya 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveChildren with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) frequently exhibit symptoms months before diagnosis. The aims of this study were to assess whether baseline patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are associated with changes in JIA pharmacotherapy treatment and whether symptom duration prior to JIA diagnosis is associated with disease activity scores over time.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients with an incident diagnosis of JIA. Patient‐reported symptom duration, pain, energy, disease activity, sleep, anxiety, and depression screenings, as well as provider‐reported disease activity and joint count, were collected during routine clinical care. Cox proportional hazards evaluated PROs, disease activity scores, and symptom duration with initial medication failure within 9 months of diagnosis. Multivariate mixed effects linear regression evaluated the association of symptom duration with disease activity scores.ResultsThere were 58 children (66% female, 35% oligoarticular JIA) in the cohort. Nearly half of patients failed initial therapy within 9 months. Unadjusted analysis showed that higher energy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69‐0.99; P = 0.04) and longer symptom duration (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93‐0.99; P = 0.03) at diagnosis were protective against medication failure. Adjusted analysis showed that symptom duration prior to diagnosis was protective against medication failure (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92‐0.99; P = 0.02); there was no association between medication failure and pain, psychiatric symptoms, or disease activity scores. There was a positive association with longer symptom duration and higher disease activity at 30 and 60 days, but this was not sustained.ConclusionHigher energy levels and longer symptom duration are protective against initial JIA treatment failures. Initial treatments informed by patient‐reported data could lead to more successful outcomes by changes in treatment paradigms.
Femtomolar‐Level Molecular Sensing of Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Induced by Heteroatom Doping with Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Lv Qian , Tan Junyang , Wang Zhijie , Yu Lingxiao , Liu Bilu , Lin Junhao , Li Jia , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , Lv Ruitao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a sensitive, fast, and nondestructive technology to detect trace amounts of molecules. The development of ultrasensitive and environmentally stable noble‐metal‐free SERS substrates is crucial for practical applications but still very challenging. In this contribution, an in situ substitutional doping strategy to synthesize Re‐doped WSe2 (Re‐WSe2) with different doping levels is reported. By increasing the Re content to ≈50 at%, the Re‐WSe2 alloy inherits the 1T″ phase of the ReSe2 lattice. Furthermore, Nb atoms are doped into the 1T″ Re‐WSe2 alloy to further modulate its electronic structure. The as synthesized 1T″ Nb, Re‐WSe2 demonstrates a femtomolar‐level molecular sensing capability with a detectable concentration of 5 × 10–15 m and the corresponding enhancement factor is 2.0 × 109, which is superior to that of most non‐noble‐metal SERS substrates and comparable or even superior to that of noble‐metal substrates to the best of the authors’ knowledge. More importantly, the as‐synthesized 1T″ Nb, Re‐WSe2 exhibits excellent air‐stability over a long term (≈6 months) and selective detection capability in the mixed molecular solution, which are essential for their practical applications. The work provides a new strategy for the rational design of noble‐metal‐free SERS substrates to achieve ultrasensitive molecular sensing.
Atomic Layer Deposition of MoS2 Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Shen Chengxu , Wierzbicka Ewa , Schultz Thorsten , Wang Rongbin , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to fabricate MoS2 thin films is successfully demonstrated by using cycloheptatriene molybdenum tricarbonyl (C7H8Mo(CO)3) and H2S as precursors at an ALD temperature below 300 °C. The process is systematically investigated, showing a typical self‐limiting characteristic within an ALD temperature window of 225–285 °C and a high growth‐per‐cycle of 0.11 nm. The as‐deposited films are amorphous while they can be crystallized in situ by sulfurization with H2S at a low temperature of 300 °C. A prototypical application of the developed ALD process is demonstrated by constructing a MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure through depositing MoS2 onto anodized TiO2 nanotubes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures exhibit approximately three times superior photoelectrochemical performance than the pristine TiO2 nanotubes. This is attributed to an enhanced visible light‐harvesting ability of MoS2 and an improved separation of the photo‐generated charge carriers at the heterostructure interface, which is affirmed by a staggering gap (type II) between MoS2 and TiO2 as probed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.
Strong Induced Circular Dichroism in a Hybrid Lead‐Halide Semiconductor Using Chiral Amino Acids for Crystallite Surface Functionalization
Authors: Heindl Markus W. , Kodalle Tim , Fehn Natalie , Reb Lennart K. , Liu Shangpu , Harder Constantin , Abdelsamie Maged , Eyre Lissa , Sharp Ian D. , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Kartouzian Aras , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Deschler Felix 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChirality is a desired property in functional semiconductors for optoelectronic, catalytic, and spintronic applications. Here, introducing enantiomerically‐pure 3‐aminobutyric acid (3‐ABA) into thin films of the 1D semiconductor dimethylammonium lead iodide (DMAPbI3) is found to result in strong circular dichroism (CD) in the optical absorption. X‐ray diffraction and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) are applied to gain molecular‐scale insights into the chirality transfer mechanism, which is attributed to a chiral surface modification of DMAPbI3 crystallites. This study demonstrates that the CD signal strength can be controlled by the amino‐acid content relative to the crystallite surface area. The CD intensity is tuned by the composition of the precursor solution and the spin‐coating time, thereby achieving anisotropy factors (gabs) as high as 1.75 × 10–2. Grazing incidence wide angle scattering reveals strong preferential ordering that can be suppressed via tailored synthesis conditions. Different contributions to the chiroptical properties are resolved by a detailed analysis of the CD signal utilizing an approach based on the Mueller matrix model. This report of a novel class of chiral hybrid semiconductors with precise control over their optical activity presents a promising approach for the design of circularly polarized light detectors and emitters.
Functional Immune Cell‐Derived Exosomes Engineered for the Trilogy of Radiotherapy Sensitization
Authors: Ma Xiaotu , Yao Meinan , Gao Yu , Yue Yale , Li Yao , Zhang Tianjiao , Nie Guangjun , Zhao Xiao , Liang Xiaolong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe limited efficacy of radiotherapy leads to radio‐resistance and high rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which is caused by tumor hypoxia, rapid DNA damage repair, and especially the suppressive immune microenvironment of tumor. Lots of immune cell‐derived exosomes can regulate antitumor immunity, but their application in enhancing radiotherapy is rarely studied. Herein, as a model of concept, M1 macrophage‐derived exosomes (M1Exos) is engineered as effective radiotherapy sensitizers, realizing the trilogy of radiotherapy sensitization: 1) M1Exos is engineered to express catalases on the inside of membrane, which can effectively relieve tumor hypoxia, and enhance DNA damage. 2) The DNA damage repair inhibitor is loaded in M1Exos to effectively inhibit DNA damage repair. 3) M1Exos can polarize M2 macrophages into M1 phenotypes, and the anti‐PD‐L1 nanobody engineered on the outside of M1Exos can relieve the immunosuppression of T cells, both ultimately leading to the remodeling of the tumor suppressive microenvironment. The trilogy of radiotherapy sensitization achieves excellent antitumor efficacy, exhibiting the good utility of engineering immune cell‐derived exosomes as radiotherapy sensitizers, inspiring the future efforts to explore different kinds of immune cell‐derived exosomes for enhanced radiotherapy.
Mathematical modeling of the effects of Wnt‐10b on bone metabolism
Authors: Cook Carley V. , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Smith Brenda J. , Ford Versypt Ashlee N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBone health is determined by factors including bone metabolism or remodeling. Wnt‐10b alters osteoblastogenesis through pre‐osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and osteoblast apoptosis rate, which collectively lead to the increase of bone density. To model this, we adapted a previously published model of bone remodeling. The resulting model for the bone compartment includes differential equations for active osteoclasts, pre‐osteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the amount of bone present at the remodeling site. Our alterations to the original model consist of extending it past a single remodeling cycle and implementing a direct relationship to Wnt‐10b. Four new parameters were estimated and validated using normalized data from mice. The model connects Wnt‐10b to bone metabolism and predicts the change in trabecular bone volume caused by a change in Wnt‐10b input. We find that this model predicts the expected increase in pre‐osteoblasts and osteoblasts while also pointing to a decrease in osteoclasts when Wnt‐10b is increased.
Separation of α‐ketoglutaric acid by salting‐out extraction coupled with solar‐driven distillation
Authors: Shi Xueqi , Yang Meng , Chu Aqiang , Zhang Fengyi , Fang Jing , Xu Ning , Jiang Yanjun , Li Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlpha‐ketoglutaric acid (α‐KG), as an essential intermediate in biosynthesis and drug synthesis, has a broad application prospect. However, the lower product concentration and impurities in the α‐KG production make the downstream separation more complex and costly. In this study, α‐KG was separated from biotransformation broth by salting‐out extraction (SOE) combined with solar‐driven distillation. First, the aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) consisting of acetone/(NH4)2SO4 was selected by comparison. The effects of acetone/(NH4)2SO4 concentration, temperature, α‐KG concentration, and pH on the distribution behavior of α‐KG in ATPS were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, higher extraction efficiency and purity of α‐KG were obtained in the actual biotransformation broth. In addition, solar evaporation was used to achieve preconcentration of the organic phase and salt recovery, significantly reducing energy consumption. The method is environmentally friendly and easy to operate, providing a new idea for separating low concentration products in biosynthesis.
Molecular and archaeological evidence on the geographical origin of domestication for Camelina sativa
Authors: Brock Jordan R. , Ritchey Melissa M. , Olsen Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPremiseCamelina (gold‐of‐pleasure or false flax) is an ancient oilseed crop with emerging applications in the production of sustainable, low‐input biofuels. Previous domestication hypotheses suggested a European or western Asian origin, yet little genetic evidence has existed to assess the geographical origin for this crop, and archaeological data have not been systematically surveyed.MethodsWe utilized genotyping‐by‐sequencing of 185 accessions of C. sativa and its wild relatives to examine population structure within the crop species and its relationship to populations of its wild progenitor, C. microcarpa; cytotype variation was also assessed in both species. In a complementary analysis, we surveyed the archaeological literature to identify sites with archaeobotanical camelina remains and assess the timing and prevalence of usage across Europe and western Asia.ResultsThe majority of C. microcarpa sampled in Europe and the United States belongs to a variant cytotype (2n = 38) with a distinct evolutionary origin from that of the crop lineage (2n = 40). Populations of C. microcarpa from Transcaucasia (South Caucasus) are most closely related to C. sativa based on cytotype and population structure; in combination with archaeological insights, these data refute prior hypotheses of a European domestication origin.ConclusionsOur findings support a Caucasus, potentially Armenian, origin of C. sativa domestication. We cannot definitively determine whether C. sativa was intentionally targeted for domestication in its own right or instead arose secondarily through selection for agricultural traits in weedy C. sativa, as originally proposed by Vavilov for this species.
Prepubertal onset of type 2 diabetes in Shashi–Pena syndrome due to ASXL2 mutation
Authors: Murphy Siobhan A. , O'Rourke Niamh E. , O'Grady Michael Joseph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractType 2 diabetes remains rare in the pediatric population and the majority of cases occur during puberty. A combination of genetic and environmental factors leads to the development of insulin resistance and β‐cell failure. An increased prevalence is recognized in a number of rare genetic disorders such as Alström and Bardet–Biedl syndromes. Recently, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, Shashi–Pena syndrome due to the dominant negative effect of heterozygous mutations in additional Sex‐Combs‐Like Genes 2 (ASXL2) has been reported. ASXL2 null mice exhibit glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and lipodystrophy. The regulatory role of ASXL2 in glucose and lipid homeostasis occurs through its interaction with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a gene implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes on genome‐wide association studies. Thiazolidinediones, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, exert their effects as direct agonists of PPARγ. We report the first case of type 2 diabetes in Shashi–Pena syndrome, occurring in an 8‐year‐old prepubertal boy with no family history. In addition, the proband had dyslipidemia, and fatty infiltration of the liver with elevated transaminases. Mutation of ASXL2 in humans, through its interaction with PPARγ appears to cause a phenotype of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Further reported cases will assist in confirming this association.
Getting to net zero through extended producer responsibility
Authors: Helferty P. Hugh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of Extended Producer Responsibility, including for greenhouse gases, to manufacturing broadly would go a long way toward enabling society to meet its net zero goals. Within the oil and gas industry, this could be achieved by phasing‐in a Carbon Takeback Obligation. American leadership in applying Extended Producer Responsibility to include greenhouse gases could both reduce U.S. emissions and help drive other countries to do so.
Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts with Integrated Oxidation and Reduction Atomic Active Centers for Improved CO2Conversion
Authors: Ou Honghui , Ning Shangbo , Zhu Peng , Chen Shenghua , Han Ali , Kang Qing , Hu Zhuofeng , Ye Jinhua , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom active‐site catalysts have attracted significant attention in the field of photocatalytic CO2conversion. However, designing active sites for CO2reduction and H2O oxidation simultaneously on a photocatalyst and combining the corresponding half‐reaction in a photocatalytic system is still difficult. Here, we synthesized a bimetallic single‐atom active‐site photocatalyst with two compatible active centers of Mn and Co on carbon nitride (Mn1Co1/CN). Our experimental results and density functional theory calculations showed that the active center of Mn promotes H2O oxidation by accumulating photogenerated holes. In addition, the active center of Co promotes CO2activation by increasing the bond length and bond angle of CO2molecules. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the atomic active centers, the synthesized Mn1Co1/CN exhibited a CO production rate of 47 μmol g−1 h−1, which is significantly higher than that of the corresponding single‐metal active‐site photocatalyst.
Tuning the Anisotropic Facet of Lead Chromate Photocatalysts to Promote Spatial Charge Separation
Authors: Jiang Wenchao , Ni Chenwei , Zhang Lingcong , Shi Ming , Qu Jiangshan , Zhou Hongpeng , Zhang Chengbo , Chen Ruotian , Wang Xiuli , Li Can , Li Rengui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA crucial issue in artificial photosynthesis is how to modulate the behaviors of photogenerated charges of semiconductor photocatalysts. Here, using lead chromate (PbCrO4) as an example, we conducted the morphology tailoring from parallelepiped (p‐PbCrO4) to truncated decahedron (t‐PbCrO4) and elongated rhombic (r‐PbCrO4), resulting in exposed anisotropic facets. The spatial separation of photogenerated charges closely correlates to the anisotropic facets of crystals, which can only be realized for t‐PbCrO4and r‐PbCrO4. The charge‐separation efficiencies exhibit a quasilinear relation with the surface photovoltage difference between anisotropic facets. The r‐PbCrO4gives an apparent quantum efficiency of 6.5 % at 500 nm for photocatalytic water oxidation using Fe3+ions as electron acceptors. Moreover, the oxidation reverse reaction from Fe2+to Fe3+ions was completely blocked with ∼100 % of Fe3+conversion achieved on the anisotropic PbCrO4crystals.
Advanced material characterization techniques for sodium‐ion battery
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Tong Shuai , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jia Min , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries, which are viewed as the alternative candidate for lithium‐ion batteries, are now receiving extensive attention in recent years. This is because of the earth's abundance, the widespread sodium resource, and the low cost of battery production. Despite tremendous effort has been made to improve the battery performance of sodium‐ion batteries, several serious problems hinder the large‐scale practical applications. These problems such as low energy density and efficiency, poor cycle life, and low charge/discharge rate are largely determined by fundamental mechanism issues of electrode materials that are not sufficiently understood yet. Therefore multiple techniques should be used to get an in‐depth understanding of material properties. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the material characterization technique is provided and hope it could improve the battery research for all the scientific researchers.
Comparative stability of intraocular lenses during 2–20 years of artificial aging, potential effects in terms of biocompatibility
Authors: Tortolano Lionel , Mrad Omar , Manerlax Katia , Khalfoun Chaineze , Yousfi Rayane , Saunier Johanna , Secretan Philippe‐Henri , Yagoubi Najet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntraocular lenses (IOLs) are worldwide used for cataract surgery. Mostly made of acrylate polymers, they can lead to an unexpected biocompatibility reaction such as posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Acrylate polymers suffer from both oxidative and heat/thermal aging that affect their properties. We examined the stability of four currently available acrylic IOLs, three hydrophobic and one amphiphilic, under artificial aging that simulate intraocular conditions from 2 to 20 years. Released degradation products were detected by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. Thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Surface topography was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The effect on biocompatibility was estimated with protein sorption of the aged lenses. Both surface and thermal properties changed under aging. Surface roughness of implants increased under aging in a kinetic in two steps. The aging also changed the polymer structure. These changes lead to a variable release of degradation products according to the chemical design of the copolymer. Glass temperature transition (Tg) and thermal degradation stability also suffered from aging. The aging has led to significant changes in protein sorption affinity to IOL surfaces. For pure hydrophobic acrylic copolymer, stability was higher for copolymers containing at least one fluoro methacrylate. The amphiphilic polymer appeared to have a time‐dependent aging that can affect the implant flexibility and could impact late biocompatibility reaction and tolerance.