bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERSECTIONAL AGEISM: HOW BLACK OLDER ADULTS ENVISION A FUTURE WITH CONVERSATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Brewer Robin , Harrington Christina , Heldreth Courtney 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dominant narratives of aging often center whiteness. However, older age can intersect with other identities that experience structural inequities and exacerbate ageism. In this study, we explore what it means to design technologies that are fair for historically minoritized older adults. We conducted design workshops with 16 Black older adults, asking how they envision older age and race represented in one form of AI system - conversational technologies. We highlight concerns around sharing age-related data, potential ageist outcomes that intersect with racism, and desires for authentically representing older age and race. We discuss these findings with a lens on how ageism discourse can exclude certain groups and how we might mitigate age-related AI harms in the technology design process by incorporating other values such as authenticity.
URINARY INCONTINENCE IN US ADULTS WITH DIABETES WHO ARE GUIDELINE-RECOMMENDED TO RECEIVE SGLT2IS: NHANES 2013–2020
Authors: Lee Alexandra , Lee Sei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are now recommended as first-line cardiorenal protective therapy for many adults with type 2 diabetes but are also associated with increased risk of urogenital infections. While urinary incontinence is common among older adults and increases the risk of urogenital infections, there is limited data on the prevalence of incontinence among adults with diabetes, particularly those eligible to receive SGLT2is. We included participants with diabetes from the nationally-representative National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2020. We determined whether each participant would be ADA guideline-recommended to receive SGLT2is (a) due to heart failure or chronic kidney disease, or (b) due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk (in which case they could also alternatively be treated with GLP-1RAs). We defined frequent incontinence as self-reported leaking urine “daily/nightly” or “several times per week.” There were 2,366 NHANES participants with type 2 diabetes. Among adults aged 55-59, 14.9% were guideline-recommended an SGLT2i, 22.7% of whom had frequent incontinence; among adults aged 70+, 27.0% were recommended to receive an SGLT2i, 41.0% of whom had frequent incontinence. Among adults aged 55-59, 54.6% were guideline-recommended either an SGLT2i or GLP-1RA, 20.6% of whom had frequent incontinence; among adults aged 70+, 45.1% were recommended to receive either an SGLT2i or GLP-1RA, 34.9% of whom had frequent incontinence. Prescribers should use caution for patients with incontinence who are initiating SGLT2is. While urogenital infections are typically not life-threatening, they can significantly impact quality of life and may not be aligned with health goals.
ADDED VALUE OF TIMING DATA FOR THE ESTIMATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN SURVEY RESEARCH
Authors: Nichols Emma , Markot Michael , Gross Alden , Jones Richard , Schneider Stefan , Lee Jinkook 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of speeded tests to assess cognition supports the notion that response times on cognitive tests contain meaningful information about cognitive functioning. Although information on the time spent completing cognitive tests is often collected during survey administration, this data is not typically considered when quantifying cognitive functioning in large-scale surveys. We used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India – Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) study (N=4,091), to assess the added value of data on the time spent on cognitive tests (items), over and above scores from traditional scoring procedures. We used separate linear regression models for each item (N items=35) to assess associations between cognitive factor scores based on all items and quintile of time spent on specific items, adjusting for age, gender, and the item-specific score. Compared to Quintile 3 (median amount of time), taking longer was significantly (p&lt; 0.05) associated with lower cognitive functioning for 54% (Quintile 5) and 31% (Quintile 4) of items. Responding quickly (Quintile 1) was associated with higher cognitive functioning for 50% of simple items (e.g., what is the year), but was associated with lower cognitive functioning for 53% of items requiring higher-order processing (e.g., digit span test). Results were similar in models controlling for education, interviewer, or language of administration. Overall, data show that information on response times from the administration of cognitive tests may contain important information on cognition not captured in traditional scoring. Future research should assess how this information could be leveraged to improve estimates of cognitive functioning.
CHANGE IN EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AFTER AN INNOVATIVE PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM AMONG VETERANS WITH SLOW GAIT SPEED
Authors: Ogawa Elisa , Harris Rebekah , Ward Rachel , Palleschi Mary , Halasz Ildiko , Milberg William , Bean Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While gait and cognition are independent predictors of age-related adverse outcomes, evidence suggests that they are related. Thus, targeting slow gait speed may have broad effects including improvements in cognition. This study examined the effects of Live Long Walk Strong (LLWS), a novel Physical Therapy program designed to improve gait speed, on executive function among Veterans with slow gait speed. This study was a preplanned secondary analysis among the first 72 participants recruited into an ongoing Randomized Controlled Trial among middle aged to older Veterans (≥50 years) with slow walking speed. Participants were randomized to either 8-week LLWS or 8-week wait-list control. Participants’ executive function was measured using Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Verbal Fluency subtests (Letter Fluency, Category Fluency, Category Switching). Fifty-one participants (mean age 72, 92% men, 84% White) were included in the analyses (LLWS n=27; wait-list control: n=24). We observed clinically and statistically significant changes in Category Fluency between LLWS and wait-list controls (LLWS: pre: 31.44 ± 7.92, post: 34.78 ± 8.12; wait-list control: Pre: 34.21 ± 8.54; Post: 30.83 ± 7.89, p&lt; 0.0001), favoring the LLWS. There were no statistically or clinically significant group differences in Letter Fluency or Category Switching between LLWS and wait-list controls. LLWS may improve aspects of executive function specifically the effortful retrieval process among middle aged to older Veterans with slow gait speed.
POSTOPERATIVE DELIRIUM: A SURVEY OF PERCEPTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE AMONG SURGICAL PROVIDERS
Authors: Berian Julia , Zarzaur Ben , Mohanty Sanjay , Kaiksow Farah , Golden Blair 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Postoperative delirium is associated with delayed recovery and cognitive decline. Despite increasing awareness among medical providers, understanding of delirium among surgical providers remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate knowledge and confidence in identifying and managing postoperative delirium, and to determine surgeons’ perceptions of the relative importance of postoperative delirium. A 14-question survey was distributed to surgeons and surgical advanced practice providers (APP) after validation through cognitive interviews. Eighty-five of 267 responded (31%), more attending surgeons (67%) than APPs (33%). Most had &gt;5 years of experience (73%). Respondents estimated postoperative delirium rates from 0% to 65%, with the average varying by field from 5% (Endocrine surgery) to 33% (Trauma and Critical Care). Most had received formal delirium training (66%) and felt confident in identifying (80%) and managing (65%) delirium. Postoperative delirium was identified by nursing concerns (89%) or clinical gestalt (82%), with few reporting the use of validated tools (23%). Out of 6 common postoperative complications, surgical providers ranked postoperative delirium 3rd (28%) or 4th (25%), below cardiac complications (78%) and above superficial site infections (53%). The most concerning consequence of delirium was mortality (62%), with few concerned about psychological distress (16%). Most (60%) thought post-operative delirium had a limited effect on long-term health. Despite self-reported knowledge and high confidence in identifying and managing postoperative delirium, objective measures are rarely used, and long-term effects are thought to be minimal. Gaps in knowledge around delirium diagnosis and long-term health effects may contribute to the ongoing burden of delirium in older surgical patients.
RESISTANCE TRAINING AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A 12-MONTH RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Falck Ryan , Dao Elizabeth , Tam Roger , Hsiung Ging-Yuek , Barha Cindy , Alkeridy Walid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Subcortical ischaemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) is considered the most treatable form of cognitive impairment, due to its modifiable risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Despite the benefits of resistance training (RT) on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health, no study has examined the effect of RT on cognitive outcomes in SIVCI.

Methods
A 12-month single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 91 older adults with SIVCI who were randomized to: 1) 2x/week progressive RT; or 2) 2x/week balance and tone exercises (BAT; control). Study eligibility included: 1) age 55 years and older; 2) neuroimaging evidence of cerebral small vessel disease; 3) mild cognitive impairment; and 4) the absence of dementia. Measurements occurred at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome was the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog 13 with additional cognitive tests). Sex differences in RT efficacy was explored.

Results
45 were allocated to the RT group and 46 to the BAT group. COVD-19 impacted the training of 16 participants (9 RT, 7 BAT). After adjusting for covariates and baseline value, participants in the RT group had significantly better ADAS-Cog Plus performance at 12 months (estimated mean difference [RT – BAT]:-0.18; 95% CI:[-0.35, -0.01]; p=0.047). In the sex-stratified analysis, there was a significant effect of the RT on ADAS-Cog Plus performance (estimated mean difference: -0.25; 95% CI:[-0.47, -0.03]; p= 0.028) for females, but not for males.

Conclusion
Our results suggest progressive RT should be considered in the management and treatment of individuals with SIVCI, particularly for females.
COMPARING HEALTH SYSTEM–BASED AND COMMUNITY-BASED DEMENTIA CARE: THE DEMENTIA CARE (D-CARE) STUDY
Authors: Reuben David , Summapund Jenny , Stevens Alan , Gill Thomas , Peduzzi Peter , Galloway Rebecca , Carnie Martha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the advent of new medications for treatment of dementia, the clinical care of those affected remains a challenge. Though several community-based and health system-based approaches have been developed to provide comprehensive care for patients living with dementia and their caregivers, the relative effectiveness of these approaches is unknown. The Dementia Care (D-CARE) Study is a pragmatic randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of three dementia care approaches at four clinical trial sites (CTS) over 18 months: 1) by nurse practitioners or physician assistants within a health care system, 2) by social workers or nurses at community-based organizations, or 3) usual care. D-CARE illustrates advantages (e.g., facilitation of recruitment with over 93% receiving active intervention) and disadvantages (e.g., CTS health systems needed to implement two interventions; because both active interventions have prior demonstrated effectiveness, the differences are likely to be smaller, requiring a larger sample size to have sufficient power) of comparative effectiveness research. The pragmatic design presented obstacles including funding for clinical positions, integrating interventions into workflows, and potential threats to fidelity; but the real-world settings will facilitate dissemination. COVID-19 introduced additional barriers to recruitment and retention. Strong commitment by study leaders, adaptability of research staff, and continuous engagement of patient and stakeholders at the CTS contributed to D-CARE’s success in enrolling 2,176 participants and high retention rates. D-CARE applied principles of community-based participatory research to continually refine materials to the study’s needs. D-CARE’s adaptations and successes demonstrate viable strategies for sustainability and scalability in real-world practices.
DECOLONIZING AGING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Authors: Thompson Lena , Kim Steffi , Lewis Jordan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The focus of this symposium, co-sponsored by the Indigenous Peoples and Aging Research Interest Group and Rural Aging Interest Group, is to highlight projects that apply Indigenous and/or non-Western perspectives to co-create research or programs for Indigenous people. While researchers and practitioners continue to work on closing the research implementation gap, a lack of involvement of Indigenous people in research and a lack of Indigenous-focused research leads to longer delays between culturally safe and effective research findings and program implementation. Furthermore, Indigenous communities have faced instances where institutions have been the primary beneficiaries of research conducted on Indigenous communities. Engaging Indigenous people and perspectives in the research process enhances the relevance and sustainability of research and allows a more equitable balance of benefits from research for all parties involved. The goal of this symposium is to present research studies that showcases methodologies and protocol outside of the Western academic perspective that focus on community-engaged, strengths-based approaches. Papers presented at the symposium will share methods used to enhance connectedness of Indigenous people to research and programs through the use of community-engaged approaches, storytelling, and qualitative data collection.
IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACT OF THE WHO INTEGRATED CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE PROGRAM IN CHINA: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Kang Sophia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility and impact of the World Health Organization’s Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) approach in urban and suburban communities of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, amidst concerns about increasing health and social care burdens due to aging populations. Community-dwelling older adults screened as at-risk of functional declines were randomized into intervention (537) and control (1611) groups between September 2020 and February 2021. This study tested the implementation of a 6-month ICOPE intervention program against standard care. Propensity score matching was utilized to ensure comparability between intervention and control groups, totaling 938 participants. The results highlighted the feasibility of ICOPE, with high satisfaction rates among participants (97–99%) and providers (92–93%). All outcomes showed improvements after a 6-month intervention, with statistically significant least-squares mean differences (control-intervention) in vitality (Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form to measure vitality, −0.21, 95% CI, −0.40–0.02), mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery to measure mobility, −0.29, 95% CI, −0.44–0.14) and psychological health (Geriatric Depression Scale five items to measure psychological health, 0.09, 95% CI, 0.03–0.14) were observed (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that localizing WHO’s ICOPE approach is feasible and effective in regions with fragmented healthcare resources in China, demonstrating positive impacts on health outcomes and highlighting its potential for advancing policies and practices toward healthy aging.
TRANSLATABLE EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS TO REACH OLDER ADULTS WITH PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FRAILTY
Authors: Reid Kieran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mobility limitations, falls and dementia are leading causes of disability, institutionalization, and mortality among U.S older adults. Considering that the population of adults aged ≥ 65 years is projected to surpass 80 million by 2040, more effective and scalable intervention strategies to maintain mobility, reduce falls or offset cognitive decline are necessary to help older Americans to continue to live independently. This presentation will discuss the rationale, design and implementation of several innovative exercise intervention strategies for older adults with mobility limitations, elevated fall risk, and for older adults at high risk for developing dementia. The session will specifically describe how large-scale clinical trial evidence for the benefits of exercise can be translated to reach more vulnerable older adults in real-world community-based settings. The session will also describe how a digitally delivered multicomponent fall prevention exercise program can be tailored to reach at-risk older adults in their own homes. Overall, it is posited that these innovative interventions hold significant potential as highly scalable approaches for maintaining mobility, preventing falls, and mitigating cognitive decline among rapidly expanding populations of older adults.
AGING AND POSITIVE EMOTIONS: WHAT’S LOVE GOT TO DO WITH IT?
Authors: Mikels Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aging is associated with improvements in well-being; healthy older adults report a balance of fewer negative emotional experiences relative to positive emotional experiences. Additionally, meaningful social connections become prioritized as we grow older. Taken together, patterns in social and emotional aging would suggest that older adults might experience more love than their younger counterparts. But what is love? Recent theoretical and empirical advances conceptualize love as positivity resonance – a caring interpersonal connection involving shared positivity and synchrony. In three studies, the experience of positivity resonance in older adults was examined. In the first pilot study, 44 older adults who participated in a group exercise program reported experiencing positivity resonance 77.15% of the time during the program, which is higher than previously reported levels positivity resonance in a younger sample (65.93%). In a second survey study with 184 older adults (M age = 69.45) and 223 younger adults (M age = 24.74), older adults reported significantly higher trait-level perceived positivity resonance (M = 70.25) compared to younger adults (M = 53.39), t(405) = -9.11, p &lt;.001. In a third study in which 100 older (M age = 74.67) and 100 younger participants (M age = 22.40) walked with a partner, older adults reported higher episode-level positivity resonance (M = 88.07) compared to younger adults (M = 83.41), t(195) = 2.00, p =.047. Across these three unique and methodological distinct studies, it appears that older adults do indeed experience more love than their younger counterparts.
AGE DIFFERENCES IN WOMEN’S EMPATHIC ACCURACY WITHIN LONG-TERM MARRIAGES
Authors: Brown Casey , Wells Jenna , Haase Claudia , Levenson Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding other people’s emotions accurately (i.e., empathic accuracy) is thought to be critical for building and maintaining social connections. Past research suggests empathic skills change with age, but few studies examine age differences in empathic accuracy within the context of close relationships. We examined whether empathic accuracy is higher among middle-aged couples (ages 40-50) compared to older couples (ages 60-70) using a sample of 154 heterosexual long-term marriages. Husbands and wives visited the laboratory and engaged in a 15-minute conversation on a topic of disagreement in their marriage. Conversations were video-recorded. Husbands and wives watched a video playback of their conversation twice, each time continuously rating either their own or their spouse’s emotional valence during the conversation using a rating dial that ranged from “very negative” to “very positive”. These continuous valence ratings were used to compute each spouse’s empathic accuracy as the strength of the correlation between their ratings of their spouse’s emotions and their spouse’s own self- ratings. Results revealed that age was not associated with husbands’ empathic accuracy. In contrast, older wives had greater empathic accuracy compared to middle-aged wives (Mdiff =.19, p =.028). However, older adults had been married longer, and length of marriage also predicted women’s empathic accuracy. Findings suggest that older women are better able to track the changing valence of their husbands’ emotions, perhaps because they have more practice.
SOCIALLY WITHDRAWN OR SOCIALLY ENGAGED? THE IMPACT OF GRANDPARENTING ON SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Wong Jason , Zhao Mengke , Tong Yuying , Chen Feinian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Grandparents caring for grandchildren (i.e., grandparenting) is an important aspect of intergenerational family dynamics in the 21st Century. Despite extensive literature documenting its impact on grandparents’ health, the mechanisms remain insufficiently addressed, particularly those related to social support and engagement. Grandparenting may promote role enhancement and create opportunities for social participation, but it may also result in role strain and reduce time availability for social activities, depending on caregiving intensity and living arrangements. This study addresses this gap by examining the effect of grandparenting on grandparents’ social participation and its gendered implications.

Methods
Data are from 2011, 2013, and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (11,547 older adults aged 50-84). Individual-level fixed-effects linear probability models are employed. Grandparenting is assessed through caregiving intensity and living arrangements. We measure both formal social participation (FSP, e.g., club activities or volunteering) and informal social participation (ISP, e.g., meeting or helping friends).

Results
All types of grandparenting, except those under the three-generation living arrangement, increase grandparents’ ISP. Gender differences are observed. Compared to no grandparenting, providing noncoresident nonintensive care and skipped-generation care increases ISP only for grandfathers, while providing noncoresident intensive care and three-generation care increases ISP only for grandmothers. We find no association between any type of grandparenting and FSP.

Discussion
Overall, grandparenting facilitates rather than deters social connectedness for grandparents. This study underscores the importance of intergenerational linked lives and family networks in maintaining social connectedness among grandparents. The gendered division of grandparenting responsibilities is also discussed.