bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed‐Loop Dynamically Adaptive Educational Systems
Authors: Wade Jon , Dow Steven , Gerardo Hortense , Gessner Richard , Hargis Jace 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe believe that our education systems are currently not capable of evolving at the rate necessary to meet the challenges presented by rapidly changing technology epitomized by Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation. Our research project goal is to pilot a learning laboratory that can be used to conduct the necessary experiments to create and apply the foundational knowledge necessary to support a dynamically adaptive educational system for university students that can meet the challenges presented by rapid change. Our research will address the following three critical areas: educational program evolution, social real‐time learning, and personalized knowledge discovery. This paper describes how these three research tracks will produce generalized knowledge about feedback mechanisms that can serve as a foundation for the creation of a dynamic, self‐adapting educational system impacting individual students' acquisition and application of knowledge, skills and dispositions as well as classroom curricula and pedagogy, and program outcomes and design.
Beartooth: Nuclear material testbed with MBSE and digital twin
Authors: Houck Kaleb , Ritter Chris , Burnett Troy , Cavaluzzi Jack 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDigital engineering can fundamentally change the construction and operation of complex projects. Traditional engineering teams operate in siloed tools and disparate teams. Throughout a project lifecycle, data is translated manually or over brittle point‐to‐point connections, which increases the risk of silent errors. These potential errors can cascade across the effort, resulting in significant project delays and cost overruns. Furthermore, traditional engineering projects are not designed for the rapid digitization that allows for advanced analytic tools. Digital engineering can create a cohesive data “source of truth” to ensure a project is designed for the digital future. There is a need for a standard toolset to normalize and integrate project datasets. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed DeepLynx, a crucial tool to mitigate this data management problem. This paper introduces INL's digital engineering approach and provides a concrete example of a digital engineering design effort currently taking place with Beartooth, a new nuclear material processing testbed project. This paper will provide the benefits, challenges, and lessons learned in using digital engineering on this complex system. The digital engineering approach is utilizing model‐based systems engineering, extended reality, and a digital twin. Finally, this paper will discuss the new possibilities provided by using a digital thread and twin during future operation of a nuclear fuel cycle testbed.
SABOS‐Net: Self‐supervised attention based network for automatic organ segmentation of head and neck CT images
Authors: Francis Seenia , Pooloth Goutham , Singam Sai Bala Subrahmanyam , Puzhakkal Niyas , Pulinthanathu Narayanan Pournami , Pottekkattuvalappil Balakrishnan Jayaraj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe segmentation of Organs At Risk (OAR) in Computed Tomography (CT) images is an essential part of the planning phase of radiation treatment to avoid the adverse effects of cancer radiotherapy treatment. Accurate segmentation is a tedious task in the head and neck region due to a large number of small and sensitive organs and the low contrast of CT images. Deep learning‐based automatic contouring algorithms can ease this task even when the organs have irregular shapes and size variations. This paper proposes a fully automatic deep learning‐based self‐supervised 3D Residual UNet architecture with CBAM(Convolution Block Attention Mechanism) for the organ segmentation in head and neck CT images. The Model Genesis structure and image context restoration techniques are used for self‐supervision, which can help the network learn image features from unlabeled data, hence solving the annotated medical data scarcity problem in deep networks. A new loss function is applied for training by integrating Focal loss, Tversky loss, and Cross‐entropy loss. The proposed model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of dice similarity coefficient in segmenting the organs. Our self‐supervised model could achieve a 4% increase in the dice score of Chiasm, which is a small organ that is present only in a very few CT slices. The proposed model exhibited better accuracy for 5 out of 7 OARs than the recent state‐of‐the‐art models. The proposed model could simultaneously segment all seven organs in an average time of 0.02 s. The source code of this work is made available at https://github.com/seeniafrancis/SABOSNet.
CircPTPRM accelerates malignancy of papillary thyroid cancer via miR‐885‐5p/DNMT3A axis
Authors: Chen Daping , Jiang Xijiao , Luo Huizhou , Hua Qingquan , Zhang Farong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in carcinogenesis, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Despite of previous reports regarding the high expression of circPTPRM in PTC, the role and regulatory mechanism remain to be investigated.MethodsCircPTPRM and miR‐885‐5p expression were examined, and the effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were also measured. Immunoblotting was performed to evaluate DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐associated proteins.ResultsCircPTPRM was overexpressed in PTC tissues and cell lines, which predicted poor prognosis. CircPTPRM inhibition significantly alleviated the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. It was subsequently confirmed that circPTPRM competed with miR‐885‐5p for DNMT3A binding. CircPTPRM promoted PTC progression via miR‐885‐5p/DNMT3A signal axis.ConclusionOur data elucidated that circPTPRM may play an oncogenic role in PTC through circPTPRM/miR‐885‐5p/DNMT3A axis
RNA‐sequencing reveals the expression profiles of tsRNAs and their potential carcinogenic role in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yan‐ke , Yan Li‐rong , Wang Ang , Jiang Li‐yue , Xu Qian , Wang Ben‐gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has gradually increased. As CCA has a poor prognosis, the ideal survival rate is scarce for patients. The abnormal expressed tsRNAs may regulate the progression of a variety of tumors, and tsRNAs is expected to become a new diagnostic biomarker of cancer. However, the expression of tsRNAs is obscure and should be elucidated in CCA.MethodsHigh‐throughput RNA sequencing technology (RNA‐seq) was utilized to determine the overall expression profiles of tsRNAs in three pairs CCA and adjacent normal tissues and to screen the tsRNAs that were differentially expressed. The target genes of dysregulated tsRNAs were predicted and the biological effects and potential signaling pathways of these target genes were explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to validate 11 differentially expressed tRFs with 12 pairs CCA and adjacent normal tissues.ResultsHigh‐throughput RNA‐seq totally demonstrated 535 dysregulated tsRNAs, of which 241 tsRNAs were upregulated, such as tRF‐21‐YLKZKWE5D，tRF‐16‐9NF5W8B，tRF‐27‐78YLKZKWE52，tRF‐19‐RLXN48KP，tRF‐33‐IK9NJ4S2I7L7DV，tRF‐19‐F8DHXYIV, and 294 tsRNAs were downregulated (tRF‐20‐739P8WQ0, tRF‐34‐JJ6RRNLIK898HR, tRF‐17‐VL8RPY5, tRF‐23‐YP9LON4VDP, tRF‐39‐EH623K76IR3DR2I2, tRF‐17‐18YKISM, tRF‐19‐Q1Q89PJZ, etc.) in CCA compared with adjacent normal tissues (|log2 [fold change] | ≥ 1 and p value <0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the target genes of dysregulated tRFs (tRF‐34‐JJ6RRNLIK898HR, tRF‐38‐0668K87SERM492V, and tRF‐39‐0668K87SERM492E2) were mainly enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and in growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action, etc. qRT‐PCR result showed that tRF‐34‐JJ6RRNLIK898HR/tRF‐38‐0668K87SERM492V/tRF‐39‐0668K87SERM492E2 was downregulated (p = 0.021), and tRF‐20‐LE2WMK81 was upregulated in CCA (p = 0.033).ConclusionDifferentially expressed tRFs in CCA are enriched in many pathways associated with neoplasms, which may impact the tumor progression and have potential to be diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of CCA.
Effects of COVID‐19 epidemic on mental health of dental students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020
Authors: Tonkaboni Arghavan , Razi‐Avarzamani Abolfazl , Sadrzadeh‐Afshar Maryam‐Sadat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has imposed panic and fear among people in the community, and has endangered the mental health of people, including students. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological effects of COVID‐19 outbreak on dental students of our university in 2020.Methods and materialsThe present cross‐sectional and descriptive‐analytical study was conducted on 133 dental students from the fifth and 11th semesters in our University. Data collection tools included the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the 28‐item Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28) to measure the psychological aspects, the BarOn Emotional Quotient‐Inventory (BarOn EQ‐i) to determine emotional intelligence, and the COVID‐19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) of students during the epidemic. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires had already been reviewed and confirmed. The correlation of the scores of the questionnaires was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and the effects of different variables in predicting the scores of the questionnaires by regression model.ResultsAmong the tested students, the mean GHQ‐28 score was 35.73%, the mean BarOn EQ‐i score was 59.94%, and the mean CAS score was 25.27%. There was a significant and direct correlation between GHQ‐28 and BarOn EQ‐i scores and also a significant and negative correlation between GHQ‐28 and CAS scores and between BarOn EQ‐i and CAS scores.ConclusionDespite limited CAS scores and high BarOn EQ‐i scores, psychological disorders were observed in a significant number of students during the COVID‐19 pandemic period; there is a need for therapeutic and counseling interventions to mitigate the effects of these disorders.
γδ T cells: The potential role in liver disease and implications for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ren He , Li WanJing , Liu Xin , Zhao Na 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe γδ T cell subset was discovered over 30 years ago, yet continues to be an exciting and challenging component of the adaptive immune response. While γδ T cells represent a very small fraction of all T cells in humans, γδ T cells have a vital effect on human immunity, serving as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The characteristics of γδ T cells include recognition of non-MHC restrictive antigens, as well as the ability to secrete an abundance of cytokines, suggesting that γδ T cells have high antitumor activity. As such, they have gained ample attention with respect to tumor immunotherapy in the last decade. The γδ T cell subset comprises up to ∼15–20% of the T-lymphocyte population in the liver, although the liver is recognized as an immune organ with primary immune functions, the role of γδ T cells in liver disease has not been established. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms underlying immune γδ T cell activity in liver disease, including immune liver injury, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and review γδ T cell-based clinical immunotherapeutic approaches.
People, performance and transition: A case study of psychological contract and stakeholder orientation in the Toyota Australia plant closure
Authors: Samson Danny , Swink Morgan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOperations managers often manage in times of change that exert pressure on values and methods usually developed during more stable eras. With increasing global volatility, companies open and close plants because of demand shifts, cost and reshoring considerations, and government‐induced and market forces. Impacts of plant closures on local communities, employees, suppliers, and other stakeholders have been documented, but plant closure processes have not been extensively studied. This paper describes an engaged research study of Toyota Australia's manufacturing closure processes. We apply psychological contract theory, particularly of contract breach, to examine the “respectful” approach Toyota used to close its assembly operation in Melbourne. We examined the role that stakeholder theory plays in describing managerial motivations. Toyota allocated resources beyond typical expectations to prepare its workforce for their post‐Toyota careers and lives. During the 4‐year transition process, employee performance, and engagement improved, supporting propositions that reserves of employee goodwill can come into play when a psychological contract breach occurs. Further, leadership actions can moderate the negative impacts predicted by that theory, beyond outcomes that more transactional views would predict. Our study offers an elaborated model of psychological contract breach that future researchers can apply to plant closures and related operational contexts.
Nanocarriers with Multiple Cargo Load—A Comprehensive Preparation Guideline Using Orthogonal Strategies
Authors: Hueppe Natkritta , Wurm Frederik R. , Landfester Katharina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultifunctional nanocarriers enhance the treatment efficacy for modern therapeutics and have gained increasing importance in biomedical research. Codelivery of multiple bioactive molecules enables synergistic therapies. Coencapsulation of cargo molecules into one nanocarrier system is challenging due to different physicochemical properties of the cargo molecules. Additionally, coencapsulation of multiple molecules simultaneously shall proceed with high control and efficiency. Orthogonal approaches for the preparation of nanocarriers are essential to encapsulate sensitive bioactive molecules while preserving their bioactivity. Preparation of nanocarriers by physical processes (i.e., self‐assembly or coacervation) and chemical reactions (i.e., click reactions, polymerizations, etc.) are considered as orthogonal methods to most cargo molecules. This review shall act as a guideline to allow the reader to select a suitable preparation protocol for a desired nanocarrier system. This article helps to select for combinations of cargo molecules (hydrophilic‐hydrophobic, small‐macro, organic–inorganic) with nanocarrier material and synthesis protocols. The focus of this article lies on the coencapsulation of multiple cargo molecules into biocompatible and biodegradable nanocarriers prepared by orthogonal strategies. With this toolbox, the selection of a preparation method for a known set of cargo molecules to prepare the desired biodegradable and loaded nanocarrier shall be provided.
Utilizing 3D Slicer to incorporate tomographic images into GATE Monte Carlo simulation for personalized dosimetry in yttrium‐90 radioembolization
Authors: Abdul Hadi Muhammad Fahmi Rizal , Abdullah Arifah Nazirah , Hashikin Nurul Ab. Aziz , Ying Chee Keat , Yeong Chai Hong , Yoon Tiem Leong , Ng Kwan Hoong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeMonte Carlo (MC) simulation is an important technique that can help design advanced and challenging experimental setups. GATE (Geant4 application for tomographic emission) is a useful simulation toolkit for applications in nuclear medicine. Transarterial radioembolization is a treatment for liver cancer, where microspheres embedded with yttrium‐90 (90Y) are administered intra‐arterially to the tumor. Personalized dosimetry for this treatment may provide higher dosimetry accuracy compared to the conventional partition model (PM) calculation. However, incorporation of three‐dimensional tomographic input data into MC simulation is an intricate process. In this article, 3D Slicer, free and open‐source software, was utilized for the incorporation of patient tomographic images into GATE to demonstrate the feasibility of personalized dosimetry in hepatic radioembolization with 90Y.MethodsIn this article, the steps involved in importing, segmenting, and registering tomographic images using 3D Slicer were thoroughly described, before importing them into GATE for MC simulation. The absorbed doses estimated using GATE were then compared with that of PM. SlicerRT, a 3D Slicer extension, was then used to visualize the isodose from the MC simulation.ResultsA workflow diagram consisting of all the steps taken in the utilization of 3D Slicer for personalized dosimetry in 90Y radioembolization has been presented in this article. In comparison to the MC simulation, the absorbed doses to the tumor and normal liver were overestimated by PM by 105.55% and 20.23%, respectively, whereas for lungs, the absorbed dose estimated by PM was underestimated by 25.32%. These values were supported by the isodose distribution obtained via SlicerRT, suggesting the presence of beta particles outside the volumes of interest. These findings demonstrate the importance of personalized dosimetry for a more accurate absorbed dose estimation compared to PM.ConclusionThe methodology provided in this study can assist users (especially students or researchers who are new to MC simulation) in navigating intricate steps required in the importation of tomographic data for MC simulation. These steps can also be utilized for other radiation therapy related applications, not necessarily limited to internal dosimetry.
Mirabegron and antimuscarinic use in frail overactive bladder patients in the United States Medicare population
Authors: Johnson Theodore M. , Walker David , Lockefeer Amy , Jiang Baoguo , Nimke David , Lozano‐Ortega Greta , Kimura Tomomi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionOveractive bladder (OAB) and frailty are independently associated with patient burden. However, economic burden and treatment‐taking behavior have not been well characterized among frail patients with OAB, which, given the varying safety and tolerability profiles of available treatments, is crucial.ObjectivesTo assess costs, health care resource utilization, treatment‐taking behavior (persistence and adherence) to OAB medication in older, frail OAB patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using international business machines MarketScan Medicare Supplemental claims data. Eligible frail patients (per Claims‐based Frailty Index score) initiating mirabegron were 1:2 propensity score matched (based on age, sex, and other characteristics) with those initiating antimuscarinics and were followed up to 1 year. All‐cause, per‐person, per‐month costs, health care encounters, persistence (median days to discontinuation assessed using Kaplan−Meier methods) and adherence (≥80% of proportion of days covered at Day 365) were compared.ResultsFrom 2527 patients with incident mirabegron (21%) or antimuscarinic (79%) dispensations, 516 incident mirabegron users (median age: 82 years, 64% female) were matched to 1032 incident antimuscarinic users (median age: 81 years, 62% female). Median cost was higher in mirabegron group ($1581 vs. $1197 per month); this was primarily driven by medication cost. There was no difference in medical encounters. Adherence (39.1% vs. 33.8%) and persistence (103 vs. 90 days) were higher in mirabegron users.ConclusionsAmong frail older adults with OAB, mirabegron use was associated with higher costs and potential improvements in treatment‐taking behaviors, particularly with respect to treatment adherence, versus those initiating antimuscarinics.
Molecular characteristics of multifocal esophageal squamous cell carcinomas to discriminate multicentric origin from intramural metastasis
Authors: Li Weihua , Cheng Na , Zhao Zitong , Zheng Bo , Yang Zhaoyang , Xu Yang , Shao Yang , Song Yongmei , Lu Ning , Xue Liyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultifocal esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) can be diagnosed as of multicentric origin (MO) or intramural metastasis (IMM). We aimed here to accurately discriminate MO from IMM and explore the tumor immune microenvironment of multifocal ESCCs. Multifocal ESCCs were identified in 333 ESCC patients, and in 145 patients discrimination between MO and IMM was not possible by histopathological examination. Of the 145 patients, tissues of 14 were analyzed by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of 71 different tumor regions, and MO, IMM, and MO/IMM mixed groups were identified in three, ten, and one cases, respectively, based on the similarity of genomic architecture between or among different tumors from one patient. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed complex clonal evolution patterns in IMM cases, and tumor cells disseminated from the primary tumors to IMM tumors were independent of lymph node metastasis. The NanoString‐based assay showed that immune cell infiltrates were significantly enriched, and that the immune and proliferation pathways were more activated, in large tumors than in small ones in MO but not IMM cases. Similarly, PD‐L1 expression and the density of paratumoral CD8+ T cells were higher in large tumors than in small tumors in MO. Taken together, through analysis of the genomic and immune landscapes, our study has comprehensively characterized the heterogeneity and clonal relationship of multifocal ESCCs, which may be helpful in distinguishing MO from IMM, and for interpreting the immunotherapy responses for multifocal ESCC patients. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Modelling on stress redistribution around broken fibers for fiber reinforced plastic with poor fiber distribution uniformity
Authors: Zhu Fulei , Yu Dianlong , Tian Jia , Cheng Yuanqi , Zhang Shufeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to calculate stress redistribution after a fiber breaking for unidirectional fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) with practically poor fiber distribution uniformity, a new and efficient FE model is developed with high computation efficiency. Based on the proposed FE model, the stress concentration factor (SCF) of intact fibers around a broken fiber is investigated for unidirectional FRP. It is observed that the SCF depends heavily on the local fiber volume ratio (FVR), and a modified analytical SCF model is proposed which takes into account the variation of local FVR. It is proved that the modified analytical SCF model can provide SCF values with much better accuracy for FRP with poor fiber distribution uniformity. The modified analytical SCF model would be very useful for accurate prediction of progressive fiber breaking in FRP.