bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity knowledge and confidence of education staff in a special education setting
Authors: Bellamy J. , Fensom S. , van Doorn N. 
Published: October 2022

Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) are less likely to meet physical activity (PA) guidelines and have higher tendencies towards sedentary behaviors. Considering a large proportion of a child's day is spent at school, this setting provides a promising environment for increasing PA levels. Staff often significantly impact the success of PA within schools. Limited research has focused on PA knowledge and confidence of staff in a special education setting. In this study, staff from two Schools for Specific Purposes in Sydney, Australia, were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding their knowledge of child PA guidelines, and their confidence in delivering PA to children with ID. Questions were derived from the validated Schools Physical Activity & Nutrition Survey (SPANS). Descriptive analyses were completed on all variables. The questionnaire was completed by 55 of the 74 participants. Although 40.0% reported knowledge of Australian PA guidelines for children, only 20% correctly identified these guidelines. PA was perceived to be ‘extremely important’ (4.69/5) for children with ID, and staff reported ‘confidence’ (3.78/5) in delivering PA for children with ID. Only seven (12.7%) participants reported meeting the New South Wales Department of Education PA requirements (mean = 100 minutes per week). We conclude that despite confidence in delivery of PA and its perceived importance, staff within special education settings have little knowledge of child PA guidelines and are unlikely to meet current Department of Education requirements. We suggest a targeted intervention to improve staff knowledge of PA guidelines, which may enhance the delivery of PA for children with ID.
Murdoch on ethical formation in a changing world
Authors: Hämäläinen Nora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, we have seen emerging new work that brings into focus the role of historical change and its moral implications in Iris Murdoch's philosophy. This paper strengthens this reading of her work and investigates the implications of this aspect of Murdoch's thinking for education in general and for moral education in particular. It resituates the Platonic imagery of the individual's ascent towards the true and the good in a framework where our conceptions of the true and the good are in a process of historical reconfiguration.
Identification of a fatty acid synthase gene (FAS1) from Laodelphax striatellus planthoppers contributing to fecundity
Authors: Cheng Jia‐Yan , Yu Pei‐Han , Xia Xue , Zhang Ru , Wang Li‐Hua , Fang Ji‐Chao , Hoffmann Ary A. , Luo Guang‐Hua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFatty acid synthase (FAS) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays an important role in the formation of fatty acids. The fatty acids take part in many processes, such as cell signaling and energy metabolism, and in insects they are important in both cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) formation and reproduction. Here we characterized the sequence structure and function of an FAS from the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus. The full‐length open reading frame (ORF) sequence of LsFAS1 was 7122 bp, encoding a predicted protein of 2373 amino acid residues. There were 7 functional domains in the LsFAS1 protein sequence. Gene expression screening by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) showed that LsFAS1 was expressed in all developmental stages. Relative expression was highest at the 4th‐instar and female adult stages. Among different tissues, the expression level of LsFAS1 in the ovary was the highest. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LsFAS1 clustered in a clade with 2 FASs from Nilaparvata lugens. Furthermore, these 3 FASs are related to cockroach BgFAS and locust LmFAS. After RNA interference‐mediated knock‐down, most treated insects died at eclosion. In addition, the lifespan of dsFAS1‐treated female adults was shorter than that of the dsGFP‐injected control, and offspring production decreased. Also, the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellogenin receptor (VgR) genes decreased. Virgin females dissected at days 2 and 4 post‐eclosion showed many matured oocytes in planthoppers treated with dsGFP but not with dsFAS1. These data highlight the importance of LsFAS1 in SBPH, including a role in reproduction.
Forecasting trait responses in novel environments to aid seed provenancing under climate change
Authors: Putra Andhika R. , Yen Jian D. L. , Fournier‐Level Alexandre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRevegetation projects face the major challenge of sourcing optimal plant material. This is often done with limited information about plant performance and increasingly requires factoring resilience to climate change. Functional traits can be used as quantitative indices of plant performance and guide seed provenancing, but trait values expected under novel conditions are often unknown. To support climate‐resilient provenancing efforts, we develop a trait prediction model that integrates the effect of genetic variation with fine‐scale temperature variation. We train our model on multiple field plantings of Arabidopsis thaliana and predict two relevant fitness traits—days‐to‐bolting and fecundity—across the species' European range. Prediction accuracy was high for days‐to‐bolting and moderate for fecundity, with the majority of trait variation explained by temperature differences between plantings. Projection under future climate predicted a decline in fecundity, although this response was heterogeneous across the range. In response, we identified novel genotypes that could be introduced to genetically offset the fitness decay. Our study highlights the value of predictive models to aid seed provenancing and improve the success of revegetation projects.
Phenological growth stages of Magnolia ×soulangeana according to the extended BBCH scale
Authors: Li Jia , Yang Aixiang , Nie Tangjie , Sun Liyong , Chen Yao , Jiang Zheng , Yin Zengfang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnolia × soulangeana, one of the most famous ornamental trees of Magnoliaceae, is widely cultivated around the world. However, its phenological characteristics at life‐cycle scale have never been detailedly reported so far. In this article, the extended BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, und Chemische Industrie) scale was applied to divide the growth and development cycle of M. × soulangeana in both juvenile phase and adult phase, and describe the characteristics of phenological development stage, so as to provide theoretical guidance for its cultivation measures implementation. Based on the BBCH phenological scale, the processes of germination (0), leaf development (1), main stem elongation (3) and dormancy (9) were observed in the juvenile phase. Likewise, the morphological changes of organs in adult phase were abundant, and eight principal growth stages were described: vegetative bud development (0), leaf development (1), shoot development (3), reproductive development (5), flowering (6), fruit development (7), maturity of fruit (8) and dormancy (9). Our newly developed scale provides a unified standard for describing and identifying the phenological period of M. × soulangeana. In addition, it is of great significance to understand the phenological characteristics of M. × soulangeana for its breeding and cultivation management.
Drunken snakes and sober owls: ancient authors on the relationship between animals and wine
Authors: Kostuch Lucyna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsIn the article, ancient concepts linking animals and wine are discussed. This paper provides a description of animals that in antiquity were considered to be especially fond of grapes and wine, as well as animals that were, for various reasons, given wine to drink by humans, and animals that in ancient literature had an averse association with wine. In the paper, the author attempts to answer the following questions, what was the conceptual framework for the tales about drunk animals? In what circumstances were observations of animals becoming inebriated conducted? Which animal species were considered as most susceptible to the effects of wine? Last, was wine believed to affect animals and humans in a similar way?MethodsAncient literature provides a set of extant information about animals that willingly become inebriated with grapes or are given wine by humans, which deserves a separate analysis. The ancient authors commonly interspersed narration with information about the animals and invoked personal experiences of contact with the described animal and information obtained from those who had the opportunity to conduct ‘zoological’ observations or even medical experiments.ResultsThere is a large group of animals that appear in ancient accounts consuming alcohol in the form of fermented fruit and wine. The ancients held the mostly incorrect belief that snakes had an enormous predilection for wine; moreover, contemporary research confirms that, as the ancients rightly observed, insects and birds do display a fondness for fermented fruit and wine. It was correctly observed that an excess of wine induced extreme states, such as sleepiness and aggression in animals, in a manner similar to humans.ConclusionsAccounts in ancient literature show a close association between animals and wine existed among the Greeks and Romans.
Dysregulated lipidome of sebum in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Yin Huibin , Qiu Zhuoqiong , Zhu Ronghui , Wang Shangshang , Gu Chaoying , Yao Xu , Li Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLipids are the major components of skin barrier, mainly produced by keratinocytes and sebaceous glands. Previous studies on barrier dysfunction of atopic dermatitis (AD) mainly focus on the lipids from keratinocytes, whereas the role of sebaceous gland‐derived lipids in AD has long been underrecognized.MethodsThe sebum secreted on the skin surface of AD patients was measured using the Delfin Sebum Scale. Sebum was collected using Sebutape patches and subjected for liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Multivariate data analysis was applied to explore the relationship among the lipidome, clinical features, and sebaceous gland‐related molecules.ResultsThe amount of sebum secreted from sebaceous glands was decreased in AD patients and was negatively correlated with the barrier function and disease severity. LC–MS/MS revealed the lipidome of sebum, which clustered distinctly between AD patients and healthy individuals. Among the differential lipid subclasses, triglycerides (TG) were exclusively decreased in AD patients and correlated with disease severity. The first principal component scores of AD patients, which represented the main signature of the lipidome, were positively correlated with the SCORAD scores and were significantly different across the patient groups with differential clinical symptoms such as skin dryness and pruritus. Further analysis on the previously published transcriptome data revealed aberrant expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes in non‐lesional skin of AD patients, which was associated with skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction and mainly derived from inner root sheath keratinocytes and sebaceous gland cells.ConclusionAtopic dermatitis patients demonstrated a deviated lipidome of sebum and aberrant lipid metabolism in sebaceous glands, indicating a possible role of lipids from sebaceous glands in the pathogenesis of AD.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in North America: evaluation of health burden and treatment prevalence
Authors: Andrews Christopher N. , Rehak Renata , Woo Matthew , Walker Ian , Ma Christopher , Forbes Nauzer , Rittenbach Katherine , Hathaway Joshua , Wilsack Lynn , Liu Andy , Nasser Yasmin , Sharkey Keith A. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundCannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a poorly understood vomiting disorder associated with chronic cannabis use.AimsTo characterise patients experiencing CHS in North America and to obtain a population‐based estimate of CHS treatment prevalence in Canada before and during the Covid‐19 pandemicMethodsInternet survey of 157 CHS sufferers in Canada and the United States. Administrative health databases for the province of Alberta (population 5 million) were accessed to measure emergency department (ED) visits for vomiting, with a concurrent diagnostic code for cannabis use. Three time periods of 1 year were assessed: prior to recreational cannabis legalisation (2017–2018), after recreational legalisation (2018–2019) and during the first year of the Covid‐19 pandemic (2020–2021).ResultsProblematic cannabis use (defined as a CUDIT‐R score ≥8) was universal among the survey cohort, and 59% and 68% screening for moderate or worse anxiety or depression, respectively. The overall treatment prevalence of CHS across all ages increased from 15 ED visits per 100,000 population (95% CI, 14–17) prior to legalisation, to 21 (95% CI, 20–23) after legalisation, to 32 (95% CI, 31–35) during the beginning of the Covid‐19 pandemic (p < 0.001). Treatment prevalence among chronic cannabis users was as high as 6 per 1000 in the 16–24 age group.ConclusionSurvey data suggest patients with CHS almost universally suffer from a cannabis use disorder, which has significant treatment implications. Treatment prevalence in the ED has increased substantially over a very short time period, with the highest rates seen during the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Antioxidant activities of artesunate–procyanidin hybrid compound in erythrocyte and liver of Plasmodium berghei NK65‐infected mice
Authors: Tijjani Habibu , Adebayo Joseph O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResistance of malaria parasites to conventionally used antimalarial drugs has necessitated the search for new potent antimalarials, especially those that can also ameliorate oxidative stress‐mediated secondary complications. This has led to the synthesis of an antimalarial artesunate–procyanidin hybrid compound (PC14), but it has not been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of PC14 in the erythrocyte and liver of Plasmodium berghei NK65‐infected mice. A hundred mice were randomly divided into 10 equal groups (A–J). Mice in Groups B–J were inoculated with P. berghei NK65 while group A mice were not inoculated. Starting from Day 3 post‐inoculation, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (5%) was administered to mice in Groups A and B (normal and negative controls, respectively), while various doses of chloroquine, artesunate, procyanidin, and PC14 were administered to their respective groups for 3 days. Thereafter, antioxidant parameters were determined in the erythrocyte and liver on Days 6 and 10 post‐inoculation. A significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in malondialdehyde levels in the erythrocyte and liver of negative control on Day 10 post‐inoculation compared to normal controls. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in activities of liver catalase and superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase of negative control on Days 6 and 10 compared to normal controls. However, PC14 at various doses significantly (P < 0.05) reversed these alterations. The results suggest that PC14 possesses antioxidant activity, and it enhanced antioxidant defense in the erythrocyte and liver of P. berghei‐infected mice.
The importance of establishing a core outcome set for endodontic clinical trials and outcomes studies
Authors: El‐Karim Ikhlas , Duncan Henry F. , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Clarke Mike 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEndodontic therapy aims to preserve teeth by preventing and treating apical disease, therefore, evaluation of treatment outcome in clinical trials and outcomes studies should effectively assess if it achieves these aims. Traditionally, treatment outcomes have been reported by clinicians after history and clinical examination in what is known as clinician‐reported outcomes (CROs). Much less commonly employed however, are patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in which patients directly report on their condition. Endodontic treatment outcome reporting is evolving from a focus on CROs to increasing consideration for patient and disease‐focused outcomes, with different criteria being proposed for assessment of treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, this has led to considerable variability and a lack of consensus on the definition, appropriate measurement and reporting of these outcomes. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting in clinical research provides a significant major barrier to conduct meta‐analysis, guidelines development, clinical decision making, and ultimately affecting patient care. These effects could, however, be reduced by the establishment of a core outcome set (COS) in endodontics, which is defined as an agreed, standardized set of outcomes that should be included, measured and reported as a minimum in all trials and outcome studies. COS development is a regulated and validated process requiring involvement of appropriate stakeholders as well as a rigorous methodology. To date, COS has been developed for the management of traumatic dental injuries, orthodontic and periodontal treatment and is currently being developed for endodontic treatment. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of COS in endodontics with focus on the evidence for and impact of heterogeneity in reporting endodontic treatment outcomes. An overview of an ongoing process for development of COS for different endodontic treatment modalities will also be provided.
A recent glance on the valorisation of cheese whey for industrial prerogative: high‐value‐added products development and integrated reutilising strategies
Authors: Arshad Umm‐e‐Tazeem , Hassan Ali , Ahmad Talha , Naeem Maha , Chaudhary Maryam T. , Abbas Syed Qamar , Randhawa Muhammad Atif , Pimentel Tatiana C. , da Cruz Adriano Gomes , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis review article explores recent advancements in converting cheese whey (CW) into high‐value‐added products, focusing on producing biofuels, bioelectricity and different whey‐based food items, as well as other potential uses. Additionally, new integrated reutilising strategies are proposed to utilise CW to develop innovative products with various applications, mainly focusing on sustainable alternatives at the industrial level. CW could be utilised with the help of different processes, for example separation of main protein components from cheese whey, like separation and purification of α‐lactalbumin, production of polysaccharides (lactose and lactulose), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), other organic acids and bioethanol. Besides these products, CW could also be utilised in the fermentation process, in the production of alcoholic drinks (whey sprite and white whisky), in the production of whey protein concentrate and as poultry feed. Biotechnological approaches for whey utilisation are the most recent alternatives. They can produce important products for the industries, such as whey‐based products, bioplastics, biofuels, bioelectricity, organic acids, bioactive compounds and whey‐based food items.
Delivery of topical gentamicin cream via platform wound device to reduce wound infection—A prospective, controlled, randomised, clinical study
Authors: Cooley Jennifer , Obaidi Noor , Diaz Victoria , Anselmo Kristin , Eriksson Elof , Carlsson Anders H. , Chan Rodney K. , Nuutila Kristo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe platform wound device (PWD) is a wound coverage system that is designed to decrease wound infection rates by allowing for direct delivery of topical antibiotics and antimicrobials while creating a sealed, protective barrier around the area of injury. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the PWD as a protective dressing and a delivery system for topical antibiotics compared to the current standard of care (SoC). This was a multi‐center, prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial. The wounds were treated with the PWD with gentamicin cream or SoC dressings. The wounds were evaluated before the start of treatment and after 48–96 hours via clinical assessment, photographs, and qualitative bacterial swabs for bacterial analysis. The delivery of gentamicin via the PWD was safe and did not cause any adverse effects. The treatment decreased both inflammation and bacterial growth during the study period. No significant differences in the SoC were observed. The PWD is a transparent and impermeable polyurethane chamber that encloses and protects the injured area. The delivery of topical gentamicin via the PWD was safe and effective. Clinical assessment for infection found the PWD to be non‐inferior to the current SoC treatment options.
Autologous wound margin point columnar full‐thickness skin grafting combined with negative pressure wound therapy improves wound healing in refractory diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Mo Jianming , Huang Yuanjing , Wang Qiu , Zhong Hua , Zhai Zhenwei , Nong Yuechou , Yan Xiaodong , Huang Xiulu , Huang Jianhao , Yang Suping , Sun Jingxia , Han Jiaxia , Zhou Xing , Lu Wensheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiabetic lower extremity ulcers (DLEUs) are a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and are difficult to heal. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of autologous point columnar full‐thickness skin graft taken from the ulcer wound margin combined with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in refractory DLEUs. This is a prospective cohort study. A total of 40 inpatients with refractory DLEUs were recruited in the Diabetes Foot Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from October 2019 to November 2021. According to the doctors' professional suggestions and the patients' personal wishes, these enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on different topical wound management: the graft group (n = 18) and the conventional wound therapeutic (CWT) group (n = 22). The efficacy evaluations included the time to complete re‐epithelialization of the wound and healing speed within 14 days of graft treatment or after 14 days of graft treatment in the two groups. Before the treatment, the graft group had a significantly larger ulcer area than the CWT group [27.22 (15.28, 46.59) versus 10.92 (7.00, 24.93) cm2, P < .01]. However, the time to complete wound re‐epithelialization in the graft group was shorter than in the CWT group [58.22 ± 30.60 versus 86.09 ± 49.54 d, P < .05]. Meanwhile, the healing speed in graft group was markedly faster than in CWT group, whether within 14 days [0.60 (0.40, 0.92) versus 0.16 (0.07, 0.34) cm2/d, P < .01] or after 14 days of graft treatment [0.57 (0.45, 0.91) versus 0.13 (0.08, 0.27) cm2/d, P < .01]. However, the total treatment cost in the graft group was lower than in the CWT group [419.59 ± 137.20 versus 663.97 ± 497.02 $, P < .05]. The novel treatment modality of autologous full‐thickness skin graft taken from the ulcer wound margin combined with NPWT has hereby proposed for the first time, and is a safe, effective, and reliable method with a good performance‐to‐cost ratio to promote wound healing and shorten the healing time for DLEUs.