bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement between self‐rated denture condition and clinical examination in older adults
Authors: Reis Luiz Otávio B. , Silva Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro , Cascaes Andreia Morales , Boscato Noéli 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare differences between complete denture conditions self‐rated by older adult wearers and clinically exanimated by a professional based on standardised aesthetics and functional criteria.Materials and methodsComplete denture clinical examination was based on the functional (stability, retention, occlusion and articulation, vertical dimension of occlusion) and aesthetics criteria. Data on self‐rated complete denture conditions were measured using the Patient’s Denture Assessment (PDA) questionnaire based on standardised aesthetic and functional criteria (n = 122). Prevalence rates of clinical and self‐rated complete denture condition, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and absolute and relative bias were calculated.ResultsThe highest sensitivity (66.7% [95% CI 55.3‐76.7]) was obtained for aesthetic criterion, whereas occlusion revealed the lowest sensitivity (14.9% [95% CI 6.2‐28.3]). Stability had the highest specificity (91.3% [95% CI 72.0‐98.9]) and aesthetics the lowest (21.4% [95% CI 8.3‐41.0]). Stability also yielded the highest positive predictive value (83.3% [95% CI 51.6‐97.9]), and vertical dimension of occlusion the lowest (26.3% [95% CI 9.1‐51.2]). The vertical dimension of occlusion yielded the highest negative predictive value (71.2% [95% CI 58.7‐81.7]). Self‐rated data underestimated the complete denture condition in 6.5% compared with clinical examinations when the aesthetic criterion was excluded from the analysis and 7.6% when added.ConclusionsOlder adult wearers better identified the condition of their complete denture when the aesthetic criterion was excluded from examination. In contrast, considering functional criteria (retention, stability, occlusion and vertical dimension of occlusion), self‐rated complete denture conditions underestimated clinical examination.Clinical RelevanceUsing standardised aesthetic criteria in epidemiological studies for assessing complete denture conditions self‐rated by wearers could avoid underestimating or overestimating the information regarding the use or need for dental prostheses.
Role of TLR9 methylation on its active transcription in apical inflammation
Authors: Fernández Alejandra , Astorga Jessica , Bordagaray María José , Lira María Jesús , Gebicke‐Haerter Peter J. , Hernández Marcela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the methylation pattern, its role in transcriptional regulation and potential modifiers of methylation of the TLR9 gene in chronic periapical inflammation.MethodologyIn this cross‐sectional study, apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO, n = 61) and healthy periodontal ligaments (HPL, n = 15) were included. Products from bisulfited and PCR‐amplified DNA were analysed for their methylation profiles in the promoter region and at each CpG island. Additionally, TLR9 mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR and bivariate and multiple modelling were performed to better understand the influence of methylation on gene transcription.ResultsTLR9 mRNA levels were upregulated in ALEO compared to HPL (p < .001). TLR9 promoter CpG sites and CpG +2086 in the intragenic island 1 were demethylated in ALEO compared to HPL (p < .05). Multivariate analysis, adjusted by smoking and gender, revealed that demethylation of TLR9 promoter sites enhanced transcriptional activity, specifically demethylated CpGs at positions −736 and −683, (p = .02), which are close to CRE binding. Although ALEO reduced the global methylation of the gene promoter and intragenic‐island 2 (p < .05) by −42.5 and −9.5 percentage points, respectively, age reduced the global methylation of intragenic‐island 3 within the exon 2.ConclusionsDemethylations of TLR9 promoter CpG sites, along with the intragenic DNA methylation status, were involved in higher transcription in ALEO. Hence, chronic periapical inflammation and ageing modify the methylation status both in the gene promoter and in intragenic CpG islands.
Changes in polyphenol fractions and bacterial composition after in vitrofermentation of apple peel polyphenol by gut microbiota
Authors: He Ziqian , Deng Na , Zheng Bisheng , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai , Yuan Ling , Li Wenzhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe changes in polyphenol fractions after in vitro fermentation of apple peel polyphenol (APP) by gut microbiota as well as the effects of APP on the growth, pH value, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and intestinal flora composition of gut microbiota fermentation were firstly explored in this study. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the APP group was 49.55% with an increment of 49.40% compared with the blank group, while that of Bifidobacterium was 13.32%. Moreover, the flora produced 37.093 ± 0.478 mM of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid during the process of fermentation, thus reduced the environmental pH value. In addition, polyphenol fractions in APP were altered by gut microbiota fermentation to some extent, for example, glycosides were hydrolysed to aglycones. These findings suggested APP as a potential prebiotic agent to alleviate the disorder of intestinal flora.
Therapeutic antibody glycosylation impacts antigen recognition and immunogenicity
Authors: Wolf Babette , Piksa Mateusz , Beley Isabelle , Patoux Agnes , Besson Thierry , Cordier Valerie , Voedisch Bernd , Schindler Patrick , Stöllner Daniela , Perrot Ludovic , von Gunten Stephan , Brees Dominique , Kammüller Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study we show that glycosylation is relevant for immune recognition of therapeutic antibodies, and that defined glycan structures can modulate immunogenicity. Concerns regarding immunogenicity arise from the high heterogeneity in glycosylation that is difficult to control and can deviate from human glycosylation if produced in non‐human cell lines. While non‐human glycosylation is thought to cause hypersensitivity reactions and immunogenicity, less is known about effects of Fc‐associated glycan structures on immune cell responses. We postulated that glycosylation influences antigen recognition and subsequently humoral responses to therapeutic antibodies by modulating 1) recognition and uptake by dendritic cells (DCs), and 2) antigen routing, processing and presentation. Here, we compared different glycosylation variants of the antibody rituximab (RTX) in in vitro assays using human DCs and T cells as well as in in vivo studies. We found that human DCs bind and internalize unmodified RTX stronger compared to its aglycosylated form suggesting that glycosylation mediates uptake after recognition by glycan‐specific receptors. Furthermore, we show that DC‐uptake of RTX increases or decreases if glycosylation is selectively modified to recognize activating (by mannosylation) or inhibitory lectin receptors (by sialylation). Moreover, glycosylation seems to influence antigen presentation by DCs because specific glycovariants tend to induce either stronger or weaker T cell activation. Finally, we demonstrate that antibody glycosylation impacts anti‐drug antibody (ADA) responses to RTX in vivo. Hence, defined glycan structures can modulate immune recognition and alter ADA responses. Glyco‐engineering may help to decrease clinical immunogenicity and ADA‐associated adverse events such as hypersensitivity reactions.
COVID‐19 severity from Omicron and Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Wrenn Jesse O. , Pakala Suman B. , Vestal Grant , Shilts Meghan H. , Brown Hunter M. , Bowen Sara M. , Strickland Britton A. , Williams Timothy , Mallal Simon A. , Jones Ian D. , Schmitz Jonathan E. , Self Wesley H. , Das Suman R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 achieved worldwide dominance in late 2021. Early work suggests that infections caused by the Omicron variant may be less severe than those caused by the Delta variant. We sought to compare clinical outcomes of infections caused by these two strains, confirmed by whole genome sequencing, over a short period of time, from respiratory samples collected from SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients at a large medical center. We found that infections caused by the Omicron variant caused significantly less morbidity, including admission to the hospital and requirement for oxygen supplementation, and significantly less mortality than those caused by the Delta variant.
Refining species boundaries among velvet worms (Onychophora, Peripatopsidae), with the description of two new species of Opisthopatus from South Africa
Authors: Barnes Aaron , Daniels Savel R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present study, two new species of velvet worm, Opisthopatus, from the Eastern Cape province of South Africa are described. We used both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data (cytochrome oxidase subunit I [COI] and 18S rRNA subunit [18S]) to explore the possibility that species boundaries in Opisthopatus have been underestimated. A previous fine‐scale phylogeographic study of the velvet worm Opisthopatus amaxhosa demonstrated the presence of two distinct clades, of which the first could be assigned to O. amaxhosa and the second represented a novel as yet undescribed species. In addition, specimens of Opisthopatus from the Valley of Desolation, Camdeboo Nature Reserve, Graaff‐Reinet, were not assigned to a new species in the most recent taxonomic revision because of the limited number of specimens. Following recent collection and scanning electron microscopy, we assigned the Graaff‐Reinet specimens to Opisthopatus camdebooi sp. nov. and the second lineage in sympatry with O. amaxhosa we described as Opisthopatus baziya sp. nov. The application of four species delimitation methods (Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning [ASAP], Poisson Tree Processes [PTP], generalized mixed Yule‐coalescent model [GMYC], and Species Tree and Classification Estimation, Yarely [STACEY]) generally revealed congruent groupings across clades, suggesting that the alpha taxonomic diversity in Opisthopatus has been underestimated. The continued discovery of new velvet worm species in poorly or unsampled areas suggests that several novel species might still be undescribed in South Africa. Collectively, our results suggest that fine‐scale sampling is critical to detect and describe the biodiversity of other saproxylic taxa.
Multi‐faceted role of pyroptosis mediated by inflammasome in liver fibrosis
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Juan , Liu Zhen‐Guo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a reversible pathological overreaction during the self‐repair of liver injuries, and it is the common period of chronic liver diseases induced by different pathogenesis progress into cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Pyroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is reported to take part in the pathogenesis and progression of acute or chronic liver diseases and liver fibrosis. Caspase‐1 dependent canonical pathway and caspase‐4/‐5/‐11 mediated noncanonical pathway are the two signalling pathways to induce pyroptosis. The activation of inflammasomes under the stimulation of pathogenic microorganisms and danger signals can initiate the pyroptotic pathway and release large amounts of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. This article comprehensively summarizes recent researches focused on the mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in major hepatic cells, which can provide potential therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
Simulation of Poyang Lake water levels and outflow under historical extreme hydrological scenarios
Authors: Yu Meixiu , Liu Xiaolong , Wood Paul , Wei Li , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Jianyun , Li Qiongfang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to an intensification of anthropogenic activities and climate change in recent decades, the hydrological connections and relationships between rivers and lakes have been significantly modified globally. Poyang Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes globally and is one of the few that remain naturally connected to the Yangtze River. To investigate the full hydrological conditions (extreme high and low discharge) of Poyang Lake outflow under current bathymetric conditions, a large‐scale 1D‐ and 2D‐coupled high‐resolution hydrodynamic model of the Poyang Lake basin–Yangtze River system was developed. We simulated the outflow and water levels of Poyang Lake under nine different extreme hydrological scenarios with high precision and computational efficiency. We propose (1) a novel partition calibration method to characterize the roughness coefficient of large water bodies in complicated geographical terrain both for wet and dry seasons; (2) a new method for setting initial conditions for hydrodynamic simulation of large water bodies subject to strong hydrological regulation. Results indicated that (1) maximum outflow and water levels will reach 37,200 m3/s and 22.28 m when Poyang Lake basin floodwater coincides with flooding on the Yangtze River; (2) precipitation over the lake has increased outflow but this has had very limited influence on its changing hydrological pattern; (3) the effect of hydrological conditions within the system differs for both the lake outflow and water level. The research provides important reference conditions for the application of the InfoWorks ICM model in future applications and studies of large river–lake systems.
Bad company: Loneliness longitudinally predicts the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and depression in older adults
Authors: Powell Victoria D. , Kumar Navasuja , Galecki Andrzej T. , Kabeto Mohammed , Clauw Daniel J. , Williams David A. , Hassett Afton , Silveira Maria J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain, fatigue, and depression frequently co‐occur as a symptom cluster. While commonly occurring in those with cancer and autoimmune disease, the cluster is also found in the absence of systemic illness or inflammation. Loneliness is a common psychosocial stressor associated with the cluster cross‐sectionally. We investigated whether loneliness predicted the development of pain, fatigue, depression, and the symptom cluster over time.MethodsData from the Health and Retirement Study were used. We included self‐respondents ≥50 year‐old who had at least two measurements of loneliness and the symptom cluster from 2006–2016 (n = 5974). Time‐varying loneliness was used to predict pain, fatigue, depression, and the symptom cluster in the subsequent wave(s) using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, living arrangement, and the presence of the symptom(s) at baseline.ResultsLoneliness increased the odds of subsequently reporting pain (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08, 1.37), fatigue (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.32, 1.65), depression (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 2.02, 2.68), as well as the symptom cluster (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.74, 2.67). The median time between the baseline and final follow‐up measurement was 7.6 years (IQR 4.1, 8.2).ConclusionsLoneliness strongly predicts the development of pain, fatigue, and depression as well as the cluster of all three symptoms several years later in a large, nonclinical sample of older American adults. Future studies should examine the multiple pathways through which loneliness may produce this cluster, as well as examine whether other psychosocial stressors also increase risk. It is possible that interventions which address loneliness in older adults may prevent or mitigate the cluster of pain, fatigue, and depression.
Long‐term sex differences in all‐cause and infection‐specific mortality post hip fracture
Authors: Bajracharya Rashmita , Guralnik Jack M. , Shardell Michelle D. , Rathbun Alan M. , Yamashita Takashi , Hochberg Marc C. , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Magaziner Jay S. , Orwig Denise L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMortality rates among men are double that of women in the first 2 years after hip fracture and may be related to more infections. Research has only examined differences in short‐term mortality after hip fracture. Thus, the objective was to determine if long‐term all‐cause mortality and infection‐specific mortality rates are higher in men compared to women.MethodsData come from a prospective cohort study (Baltimore Hip Studies 7th [BHS‐7]) with up to 10.2 years of follow‐up (2006–2018). The participants were selected from eight acute care hospitals in the 25‐hospital BHS network. Enrolled women were frequency‐matched (1:1) to men on timing of admission for hip fracture that yielded an analytic sample size of 300 participants (155 women, 145 men). Associations between sex and mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models and cause‐specific Cox models adjusted for age, cognition, body mass index, pre‐fracture lower extremity activities of daily living limitation, depressive symptoms, and comorbidity.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 80 years, 48% (n = 145) were men and the median follow‐up was 4.9 (interquartile range = 2.3–8.7) years. Over the follow‐up period after hospital admission for hip fracture, 237 (79.0%) participants died of all causes (132 men and 105 women) and 38 (12.7%) died of infection‐specific causes (25 men and 13 women). Men had significantly higher rates of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.31(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–2.59)] and infection‐specific mortality (HR = 4.43, CI 2.07–9.51) compared to women.ConclusionsMen had a two‐fold higher rate of all‐cause mortality and four‐fold higher rate of infection‐specific mortality compared to women over a follow‐up period of up to 10.2 years. Findings suggest that interventions to prevent and treat infections, tailored by sex, may be needed to narrow significant differences in long‐term mortality rates between men and women after hip fracture.
Cross‐Sectional Association of State Recess Laws With District‐Level Policy and School Recess Provision in the United States
Authors: Clevenger Kimberly A. , Lowry Mark , Perna Frank M. , Berrigan David 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDState recess laws are recommended to encourage adequate and equitable access to recess and its benefits, but the downstream effects of state recess laws are unknown. We examined the association of state recess laws with district‐level policy and school recess provision.METHODSThis is cross‐sectional analysis of the School Health Policies and Practices Survey, a US nationally representative sample of school districts (2016) and schools (2014). State‐level recess laws were coded as none, recommend, or require recess. Logistic and linear regression were used to examine the association between state law with district policies and school recess provision, respectively. Data from 2000 are presented to highlight changes in recess policy and provision over time.RESULTSThe odds of a district policy requiring recess were 2.22 and 2.34 times greater when state recess law recommended or required recess, respectively, compared to states with no recess policy. There were no significant differences in school‐level recess provision by state recess law but point estimates from 2000 indicated states without a law had the largest declines in recess provision over time.CONCLUSIONSState recess laws are positively associated with district‐level policy. Effects at the school level are unclear and continued surveillance is needed.
Negative impact of insomnia and daytime sleepiness on quality of life in individuals with the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Downs Jenny , Jacoby Peter , Saldaris Jacinta , Leonard Helen , Benke Tim , Marsh Eric , Demarest Scott 
Published: April 2022

SummaryCyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) gene pathogenic variants result in CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). Early onset intractable epilepsy and severe developmental delays are prominent symptoms of CDD. Comorbid sleep disturbances are a major concerning symptom for families. We aimed to explore the relationship between insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep medications and quality of life in children with CDD. Caregivers of 129 children with CDD in the International CDKL5 Disorder Database completed the Quality‐of‐Life Inventory‐Disability (QI‐Disability) questionnaire and “Disorders of Maintaining Sleep” (DIMS) and the “Disorders of Excessive Somnolence” (DOES) items of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Adjusting for covariates, a unit increase in DOES score was associated with reduced quality of life total (coefficient −3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–7.80), physical health (coefficient −7.20, 95% CI −10.64, −3.76) and negative emotions (coefficient −3.90, 95% CI −7.38, −0.42) scores. Adjusting for covariates, a unit increase in DIMS score was associated with reduced negative emotions (coefficient −6.02, 95% CI −10.18, −2.86). Use of sleep medications had small influences on the effect sizes. This study highlights the importance of sleep problems as a determinant of quality of life in children with CDD, consistent with effects observed for other groups of children with intellectual disability. Excessive daytime sleepiness was particularly associated with detrimental effects on quality of life. Further research in optimal behavioural and pharmaceutical management of sleep problems for this population is required.
Automated visual surveying of vehicle heights to help measure the risk of overheight collisions using deep learning and view geometry
Authors: Lu Linjun , Dai Fei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOverheight vehicle collisions continuously pose a serious threat to transportation infrastructure and public safety. This study proposed a vision‐based method for automatic vehicle height measurement using deep learning and view geometry. In this method, vehicle instances are first segmented from traffic surveillance video frames by exploiting mask region‐based convolutional neural network (Mask R‐CNN). Then, 3D bounding box on each vehicle instance is constructed using the obtained vehicle silhouette and three orthogonal vanishing points in the surveilled traffic scene. By doing so, the vertical edges of the constructed 3D bounding box are directly associated with the vehicle image height. Last, the vehicle's physical height is computed by referencing an object with a known height in the traffic scene using single view metrology. A field experiment was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, leading to the mean and maximum errors of 3.6 and 6.6, 5.8 and 12.9, 4.4 and 8.1, and 9.2 and 18.5 cm for cars, buses, vans, and trucks, respectively. The experiment also demonstrated the ability of the method to overcome vehicle occlusion, shadow, and irregular appearance interferences in height estimation suffered by existing image‐based methods. The results signified the potential of the proposed method for overheight vehicle detection and collision warning in real traffic settings.