bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circuit network theory of n-horizontal bridge structure
Authors: Fang Xin-Yu , Tan Zhi-Zhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research investigates a complex n order cascading circuit network with embedded horizontal bridge circuits with the N-RT method. The contents of the study include equivalent resistance analytical formula and complex impedance characteristics of the circuit network. The research idea is as follows. Firstly the equivalent model of n-order resistance network is established, and a fractional difference equation model is derived using Kirchhoff’s law. Secondly, the equivalent transformation method is employed to transform the fractional equation into a simple linear difference equation, and its particular solution is computed. Then the solution to the difference equation is used to derive the effective resistance of the resistance network of the embedded horizontal bridge circuit, and various special cases of equivalent resistance formula are analyzed and the correctness of the analysis model gets verified. Finally, as an expanded application, the equivalent complex impedance of LC network is studied, and Matlab drawing tool is employed to offer the equivalent impedance with various variables of the graph. Our results provide new research ideas and theoretical basis for relevant scientific researches and practical applications.
A generative adversarial network for synthetization of regions of interest based on digital mammograms
Authors: Oyelade Olaide N. , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Almutairi Mubarak S. , Saha Apu Kumar , Abualigah Laith , Chiroma Haruna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep learning (DL) models are becoming pervasive and applicable to computer vision, image processing, and synthesis problems. The performance of these models is often improved through architectural configuration, tweaks, the use of enormous training data, and skillful selection of hyperparameters. The application of deep learning models to medical image processing has yielded interesting performance, capable of correctly detecting abnormalities in medical digital images, making them surpass human physicians. However, advancing research in this domain largely relies on the availability of training datasets. These datasets are sometimes not publicly accessible, insufficient for training, and may also be characterized by a class imbalance among samples. As a result, inadequate training samples and difficulty in accessing new datasets for training deep learning models limit performance and research into new domains. Hence, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been proposed to mediate this gap by synthesizing data similar to real sample images. However, we observed that benchmark datasets with regions of interest (ROIs) for characterizing abnormalities in breast cancer using digital mammography do not contain sufficient data with a fair distribution of all cases of abnormalities. For instance, the architectural distortion and breast asymmetry in digital mammograms are sparsely distributed across most publicly available datasets. This paper proposes a GAN model, named ROImammoGAN, which synthesizes ROI-based digital mammograms. Our approach involves the design of a GAN model consisting of both a generator and a discriminator to learn a hierarchy of representations for abnormalities in digital mammograms. Attention is given to architectural distortion, asymmetry, mass, and microcalcification abnormalities so that training distinctively learns the features of each abnormality and generates sufficient images for each category. The proposed GAN model was applied to MIAS datasets, and the performance evaluation yielded a competitive accuracy for the synthesized samples. In addition, the quality of the images generated was also evaluated using PSNR, SSIM, FSIM, BRISQUE, PQUE, NIQUE, FID, and geometry scores. The results showed that ROImammoGAN performed competitively with state-of-the-art GANs. The outcome of this study is a model for augmenting CNN models with ROI-centric image samples for the characterization of abnormalities in breast images.
Flow invariants in a channel obstructed by a line of inclined rods
Authors: Herrero V. A. , Ferrari H. , Marino R. , Clausse A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn experiment is conducted in a rectangular channel obstructed by a transverse line of four inclined cylindrical rods. The pressure on the surface of a central rod and the pressure drop through the channel are measured varying the inclination angle of the rods. Three assemblies of rods with different diameters are tested. The measurements were analyzed applying momentum conservation principles and semi-empirical considerations. Several invariant dimensionless groups of parameters relating the pressure at key locations of the system with characteristic dimensions of the rods are produced. It was found that the independence principle holds for most of the Euler numbers characterizing the pressure at different locations, that is, the group is independent of the inclination angle provided that the inlet velocity projection normal to the rods is used to non-dimensionalize the pressure. The resulting semi-empirical correlations can be useful for designing similar hydraulic units.
Clinical and genetic features of a cohort of patients with MFN2-related neuropathy
Authors: Abati Elena , Manini Arianna , Velardo Daniele , Del Bo Roberto , Napoli Laura , Rizzo Federica , Moggio Maurizio , Bresolin Nereo , Bellone Emilia , Bassi Maria Teresa , D’Angelo Maria Grazia , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Corti Stefania 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is a rare inherited axonal neuropathy caused by mutations in MFN2 gene, which encodes Mitofusin 2, a transmembrane protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on thirteen patients carrying mutations in MFN2, from ten families, describing their clinical and genetic characteristics. Evaluated patients presented a variable age of onset and a wide phenotypic spectrum, with most patients presenting a severe phenotype. A novel heterozygous missense variant was detected, p.K357E. It is located at a highly conserved position and predicted as pathogenic by in silico tools. At a clinical level, the p.K357E carrier shows a severe sensorimotor axonal neuropathy. In conclusion, our work expands the genetic spectrum of CMT2A, disclosing a novel mutation and its related clinical effect, and provides a detailed description of the clinical features of a cohort of patients with MFN2 mutations. Obtaining a precise genetic diagnosis in affected families is crucial both for family planning and prenatal diagnosis, and in a therapeutic perspective, as we are entering the era of personalized therapy for genetic diseases.
Vero cells gain renal tubule markers in low-calcium and magnesium chemically defined media
Authors: Logan Megan , Rinas Karsten , McConkey Brendan , Aucoin Marc G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, a chemically defined, animal component-free media was developed to promote Vero growth in suspension. Key media compounds were screened using Plackett–Burman styled experiments to create a media formulation to support suspension growth. Vero cells remained viable in suspension, but their growth rate was extremely low, conversely, other cell types such as CHO-K1, MDCK and HEK293T were able to grow in single cell suspension in the same media. To investigate the slow growth of Vero cells, RNA-seq analysis was conducted. Vero cells were cultured in three different conditions: adherently in serum-containing medium, adherently in in-house medium, and in suspension in low calcium and magnesium in-house medium. This study illustrates that adherent cells maintain similar gene expression, while the suspension phenotype tends to overexpress genes related to renal tubules.
Preservation of early Tonian macroalgal fossils from the Dolores Creek Formation, Yukon
Authors: Maloney Katie M. , Schiffbauer James D. , Halverson Galen P. , Xiao Shuhai , Laflamme Marc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rise of eukaryotic macroalgae in the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic was a critical development in Earth’s history that triggered dramatic changes in biogeochemical cycles and benthic habitats, ultimately resulting in ecosystems habitable to animals. However, evidence of the diversification and expansion of macroalgae is limited by a biased fossil record. Non-mineralizing organisms are rarely preserved, occurring only in exceptional environments that favor fossilization. Investigating the taphonomy of well-preserved macroalgae will aid in identifying these target environments, allowing ecological trends to be disentangled from taphonomic overprints. Here we describe the taphonomy of macroalgal fossils from the Tonian Dolores Creek Formation (ca. 950 Ma) of northwestern Canada (Yukon Territory) that preserves cm-scale macroalgae. Analytical microscopy, including scanning electron microscopy and tomographic x-ray microscopy, was used to investigate fossil preservation, which was the result of a combination of pyritization and aluminosilicification, similar to accessory mineralization observed in Paleozoic Burgess Shale-type fossils. These new Neoproterozoic fossils help to bridge a gap in the fossil record of early algae, offer a link between the fossil and molecular record, and provide new insights into evolution during the Tonian Period, when many eukaryotic lineages are predicted to have diversified.
Identification of additional dye tracers for measuring solid food intake and food preference via consumption-excretion in Drosophila
Authors: Shell Brandon C. , Grotewiel Mike 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Drosophila model has become a leading platform for investigating mechanisms that drive feeding behavior and the effect of diet on physiological outputs. Several methods for tracking feeding behavior in flies have been developed. One method, consumption-excretion or Con-Ex, provides flies with media labeled with dye and then quantifies the amount of dye excreted into the vial as a measure of consumption. We previously found that Blue 1 and Orange 4 work well in Con-Ex and can be used as a dye pair in food preference studies. We have expanded our development of Con-Ex by identifying two additional dyes, Orange G and Yellow 10, that detect the anticipated effects of mating status, strain, starvation and nutrient concentration. Additionally, Orange G and Yellow 10 accumulate linearly in excretion products out to 48 h and the excreted volumes of these two dyes reflect the volumes consumed. Orange G also works with Blue 1 as a dye pair in food preference studies. Finally, consumption of Blue 1, Orange 4, Orange G or Yellow 10 does not affect ethanol sedation or rapid tolerance to ethanol. Our findings establish that Orange G and Yellow 10, like Blue 1 and Orange 4, are suitable for use in Con-Ex.
Individual and collective learning in groups facing danger
Authors: Shirado Hirokazu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile social networks jeopardize people’s well-being by working as diffusion pathways of falsehood, they may also help people overcome the challenge of misinformation with time and experience. Here I examine how social networks provide learning facilitation using an experiment involving an iterated decision-making game simulating an unpredictable situation faced by a group (2786 subjects in 120 groups). This study shows that, while social networks initially spread false information and suppress necessary actions, with tie rewiring, on the other hand, they facilitate improvement in people's decision-making across time. It also shows that the network's learning facilitation results from the integration of individual experiences into structural changes. In sum, social networks can support collective learning when they are built through people's experiences and accumulated relationships.
Genetic and environmental determinants of diastolic heart function
Authors: Thanaj Marjola , Mielke Johanna , McGurk Kathryn A. , Bai Wenjia , Savioli Nicolò , de Marvao Antonio , Meyer Hannah V. , Zeng Lingyao , Sohler Florian , Lumbers R. Thomas , Wilkins Martin R. , Ware James S. , Bender Christian , Rueckert Daniel , MacNamara Aidan , Freitag Daniel F. , O’Regan Declan P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiastole is the sequence of physiological events that occur in the heart during ventricular filling and principally depends on myocardial relaxation and chamber stiffness. Abnormal diastolic function is related to many cardiovascular disease processes and is predictive of health outcomes, but its genetic architecture is largely unknown. Here, we use machine-learning cardiac motion analysis to measure diastolic functional traits in 39,559 participants of the UK Biobank and perform a genome-wide association study. We identified nine significant, independent loci near genes that are associated with maintaining sarcomeric function under biomechanical stress and genes implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy. Age, sex and diabetes were independent predictors of diastolic function and we found a causal relationship between genetically determined ventricular stiffness and incident heart failure. Our results provide insights into the genetic and environmental factors influencing diastolic function that are relevant for identifying causal relationships and potential tractable targets.
High‐efficiency broadband power amplifier design via ideal de‐embedding and direct compensation of GaN‐HEMTs parasitics
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Sleem , Ahmed Hesham Nabil , Darwish Mohammad Magdi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, a design approach for broadband high‐efficiency power amplifiers is presented. The proposed technique is based on deductive de‐embedding of the nonlinear parasitics of packaged GaN‐HEMT devices. A new transistor parasitics equivalent network is proposed that utilises a model‐based extraction flow. A simple two‐element compensation network is then used to accurately compensate the extracted nonlinear device parasitics; this enables optimum load resistance to be presented to the device current generator using a real‐to‐real matching network. In order to validate the proposed concept, a single‐ended Class‐AB power amplifier is designed and fabricated using a Wolfspeed 25‐W GaN HEMT ‘CGH40025F’ transistor. At a centre frequency of 2.35 GHz, a fractional bandwidth of 55% is achieved. The measured average drain efficiency and power gain of the designed power amplifier are 71% and 10.4 dB, respectively.
Parametric model‐based deinterleaving of radar signals with non‐ideal observations via maximum likelihood solution
Authors: Wang Haiyu , Zhu Mengtao , Fan Ruozhou , Li Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn modern electromagnetic environments, as the number of radars continuously increasing, the intercepted interleaving signals become more complex and are easily affected by different non‐ideal factors. However, the widely used deinterleaving methods based on the pulse repetition interval (PRI) are difficult to effectively deinterleave signals with complex PRI modulation and are very sensitive to the received signal quality. To solve the deinterleaving problem in these complex situations, this paper proposes a parametric model‐based deinterleaving solution consisting of two cascaded stages. The proposed method does not require priors such as the number of sources and corresponding modulation types, which makes it more suitable for complex environments in non‐cooperative scenarios. In addition, it can adapt to complex non‐ideal situations, including parameter measurement noise, missing pulse and spurious pulse conditions. Simulation results show that the deinterleaving precision of the proposed method outperforms baseline methods in non‐ideal conditions and achieves 99.33% accuracy.
15.9.4 Synthesis and Applications of Acridinium Salts (Update 2022)
Authors: Hutskalova V. , Sparr C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 15.9.3), covering selected methods for the preparation and the diverse fields of application of acridinium salts. The most important classical and recently published routes toward acridinium core construction are described and categorized according to key retrosynthetic disconnections. The utility of acridinium moieties in supramolecular chemistry is showcased by examples for various supramolecular switches containing this heterocyclic system. The application of acridinium salt derivatives as chemosensors for the detection of anionic species is also shown. Furthermore, the chapter features recent representative methods within the field of photoredox catalysis using acridinium salts as photocatalysts.
Improved conversion efficiency of p-type BaSi2/n-type crystalline Si heterojunction solar cells by a low growth rate deposition of BaSi2
Authors: Fujiwara Michinobu , Takahashi Kazuma , Nakagawa Yoshihiko , Gotoh Kazuhiro , Itoh Takashi , Kurokawa Yasuyoshi , Usami Noritaka 
Published: April 2022

The effect of low growth rate deposition (LGD) of BaSi2 on the film quality and performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells was investigated. The total thickness of the BaSi2 layer decreased with increasing LGD duration (tLGD). Analysis using Raman spectroscopy indicated that an amorphous Si (a-Si) phase existed on the surface of the BaSi2 layer. The a-Si on the surface was converted into BaSi2 by post-annealing owing to the diffusion of Ba and Si atoms. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that LGD improved the rate of a-axis orientation and crystallinity. Post-annealing was also observed to have significantly improved these structural properties. Furthermore, the solar cell performance was observed to be strongly dependent on tLGD, and the highest conversion efficiency of 10.62% was achieved by the p-BaSi2/n-c-Si heterojunction solar cells at a tLGD of 6 min. The improved structure and solar cell properties are attributed to improved atom rearrangement during LGD.
The language of less-lethal weapons
Authors: Kaske Erika A. , Wu Joel T. , Hardeman Rachel R. , Darrow David P. , Satin David J. 
Published: April 2022

It has been over 1 year since we observed the policing of the George Floyd protests in the United States [R. R. Hardeman, E. M. Medina, R. W. Boyd,
N. Engl. J. Med.
383, 197–199 (2020)]. Multiple injury reports emerged in medical journals, and the scientific community called for law enforcement to discontinue the use of less-lethal weapons [E. A. Kaske
et al.
,
N. Engl. J. Med
. 384, 774–775 (2021) and K. A. Olson
et al.
,
N. Engl. J. Med.
383, 1081–1083 (2020)]. Despite progress in research, policy change has not followed a similar pace. Although the reasoning for this discrepancy is multifactorial, failure to use appropriate language may be one contributing factor to the challenges faced in updating policies and practices. Here, we detail how language has the potential to influence thinking and decision-making, we discuss how the language of less-lethal weapons minimizes harm, and we provide a framework for naming conventions that acknowledges harm.
Activation mechanism of the μ-opioid receptor by an allosteric modulator
Authors: Kaneko Shun , Imai Shunsuke , Asao Nobuaki , Kofuku Yutaka , Ueda Takumi , Shimada Ichio 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The allosteric modulators, which bind to nonorthosteric sites to enhance the signaling activities of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are new candidates for GPCR-targeting drugs. Our solution NMR analyses of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) revealed that the MOR activity was determined by a conformational equilibrium between three conformations. Interestingly, an allosteric modulator shifted the equilibrium toward a conformation with the highest activity to a level that cannot be reached by orthosteric ligands alone, leading to the increased activity of MOR. Our NMR analyses also identified the binding site of the allosteric modulator, including the residues contributing to the regulation of the equilibrium. These findings provide insights into the rational developments of novel allosteric modulators.
The pragmatics of English as a lingua franca
Authors: House Juliane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper I first briefly define the notion of English as a lingua franca and then give an overview of research into the pragmatics of English as a lingua franca (ELF). Investigations into the phenomenon of ELF started during the last two decades of the previous century. ELF in oral interactions was characterized by interactants’ joint, collaborative action making the discourse robust and ‘normal’ in the face of interactants’ often non-normative use of the English language. Later research focused on how ELF interactants managed to accommodate to each other, how they negotiated meanings and co-constructed utterances often employing ELF-specific pragmatic markers. Researchers also investigated how ELF users turn to pragmatic transfer and code-switching whenever it is necessary to plug competence gaps arising in their use of English. Finally, I list several critical points of ELF research and make a few suggestions for the future of ELF research.
Corpus linguistics in L2 pragmatics research
Authors: Fernández Julieta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn second language acquisition, corpus linguistics (CL) enjoys prominence as a methodology valuable for its descriptive power in the textual analysis of patterns. Within second language (L2) pragmatics, CL has been increasingly influential in shaping our understanding of learners’ pragmatic capacities and articulating new insights and possibilities. In this narrative review, I take a broad view of corpora in L2 pragmatics research with a focus on automatization, size, representativeness, temporal design, and annotation. This is followed by a review of representative research highlighting language proficiency, prosodic pragmatics, pragmatic particles and oral fluency, and pragmatics pedagogy. I conclude with future directions where the discussion centers on bringing CL and other methodologies together for pragmatic analysis and extending the use of these methodologies to more L2 pragmatic learning contexts.
The change in the grammatical category of the copula in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic
Authors: Khan Geoffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNorth-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA), which is a subgroup of dialects of vernacular Neo-Aramaic, exhibits considerable internal diversity. In this paper, I describe the diversity that exists in the form of the copula in this subgroup. The paradigms of the copula in the various dialects exhibit different degrees of convergence with verbal inflection. There is an areal progression in verbalization from the western periphery to the eastern periphery. The incipient verbalization of the copula can be correlated with semantic properties of the subject and the clause that would be expected typologically to be most compatible with verbal predicates. Close correlations, however, can be identified with the distribution of pronominal and verbal inflections of copulas in the languages with which the NENA dialects have been in contact in the region. It is likely, therefore, that the realization of the internal potential verbalization of the NENA copula was induced by language contact.