bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FexCo3−xO4 Nanohybrids Anchored on a Carbon Matrix for High‐Performance Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media
Authors: Hazarika Kumar K. , Chutia Bhugendra , Changmai Rabu R. , Boruah Purna K. , Das Manash R. , Bharali Pankaj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a systematic study of nanohybrids (NHs) of various Fe−Co oxides anchored on to carbon matrix for high‐performing oxygen electrode reactions. Fe2.1Co0.9O4/C NH having minor content of Co3+ exhibited superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance than the other compositions and benchmark Pt/C. It exhibits a current density of 8.4 mA cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH for ORR compared to the benchmark Pt/C (3.81 mA cm−2). It also reveals superior stability and durability than Pt/C. It can retain 92 % of its initial current up to 7000 s. Also, the Fe2.1Co0.9O4/C NH delivers the best Tafel slope of 72.6 mV dec−1. Additionally, the Co3+ rich Fe0.9Co2.1O4/C NH demonstrated superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance than the Pt/C, RuO2 and other compositions in 0.1 M KOH solution. Thus, the obtained electrocatalysts (ECs) having bimetallic active site demonstrates unique electrocatalytic properties and the carbon matrix can increase stability and thus provide additional catalytic active sites. This makes them a significant candidate for oxygen electrocatalysis.
Soybean growth and production as affected by struvite as a phosphorus source in eastern Arkansas
Authors: Omidire Niyi S. , Brye Kristofor R. , English Leah , Kekedy‐Nagy Laszlo , Greenlee Lauren , Popp Jennie , Roberts Trenton L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStruvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) has been precipitated from liquid waste streams to recover valuable nutrients, such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), that can be used as an alternative fertilizer‐P source. Because prior research has focused on greenhouse studies, it is necessary to expand struvite evaluations to the field‐scale to include row‐crop responses. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of two struvite materials (electrochemically precipitated struvite, ECST; and chemically precipitated struvite, CPST) relative to other common fertilizer‐P sources (diammonium phosphate, DAP; triple superphosphate, TSP; rock phosphate, RP; and monoammonium phosphate, MAP) on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response and economics in two consecutive growing seasons in a P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil (Aquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Averaged across years, soybean aboveground tissue P uptake was largest (P < .05) from ECST (28.4 kg ha−1), which was similar to CPST (26.7 kg ha−1) and TSP (25.9 kg ha−1) and was smallest from RP (21.4 kg ha−1). In 2019, seed yield was largest (P < .05) from ECST (4.1 Mg ha−1), which was similar to DAP, CPST, RP, TSP, and MAP, and was smallest from the unamended control (3.6 Mg ha−1). In 2020, seed yield was numerically greatest from CPST (2.8 Mg ha−1) and was numerically smallest from ECST (2.2 Mg ha−1). Results showed that wastewater‐recovered struvite materials have the potential to be a viable, alternative fertilizer‐P source for soybean production in a P‐deficient, silt‐loam soil, but further work is needed to confirm struvite's cost effectiveness.
Stronger implicit interference in cognitively healthy older participants with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hung Shao‐Min , Wu Daw‐An , Shimojo Shinsuke , Arakaki Xianghong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAbnormal cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (Aβ)42 and tau levels have been revealed decades before symptoms onset in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the examination is usually invasive and inaccessible to most people. We thus aimed to develop a non‐invasive behavioral test that targets early potential cognitive changes to gauge cognitive decline. Specifically, we hypothesized that older cognitive healthy participants would exhibit comparable performance when the task was explicit and relied on conscious cognition. However, when the task was implicit, the performance of participants at high and low risks for AD would bifurcate. That is, early changes in unconscious cognition could be linked to cognitive health.MethodsWe measured implicit interference elicited by an imperceptible distractor in cognitively healthy elderly participants with normal (low risk) and pathological (high risk) Aβ42/total tau ratio. Participants were required to perform a Stroop task (word‐naming or color‐naming on an ink‐semantics inconsistent word) with a visually masked distractor presented prior to the target task.ResultsWe found that, under a high‐effort task (i.e., color‐naming in the Stroop task), high‐risk participants suffered interference when the imperceptible distractor and the subsequent target were incongruent in the responses they triggered. Their reaction times were slowed down by approximately 4%. This implicit interference was not found in the low‐risk participants.DiscussionThese findings indicate that weakened inhibition of distracting implicit information can be a potential behavioral biomarker of early identification of AD pathology. Our study thus offers a new experimental paradigm to reveal early pathological aging by assessing how individuals respond to subperceptual threshold visual stimuli.
Adaptation and evolution of the sea anemone Alvinactis sp. to deep‐sea hydrothermal vents: A comparison using transcriptomes
Authors: Xu Zehui , Chen Zeyu , Zhang Haibin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSea anemones are diverse and ecologically successful members of Anthozoa. They are often found in intertidal and shallow waters, although a few of them inhabit harsher living conditions, such as deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of the vent sea anemone Alvinactis sp., which was collected from Edmond vent along the central Indian Ocean ridge at a depth of 3275 m, to explore the molecular mechanisms related to adaptation to vents. Compared with another deep‐sea anemone (Paraphelliactis xishaensis) and five shallow water sea anemones, a total of 117 positively selected genes and 46 significantly expanded gene families were found in Alvinactis sp. specifically that may be related to its vent‐specific aspect of adaptation. In addition, 127 positively selected genes and 23 significantly expanded gene families that were found in both Alvinactis sp. and P. xishaensis. Among these, vent‐specific adaptations of Alvinactis sp. may involve genetic alterations in peroxisome, ubiquitin‐mediated protein degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and endocytosis, and its deep‐sea adaptation may involve changes in genetic information processing. Differentially expressed genes between Alvinactis sp. and the deep‐sea anemone P. xishaensis were enriched in a variety of pathways related to adaptation, such as energy metabolism, genetic information processing, endocytosis, and peroxisomes. Overall, we provided the first transcriptome of sea anemones that inhabit vents, which enriches our knowledge of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent adaptation and the diversity of sea anemones.
Evolution of population dynamics following invasion by a non‐native predator
Authors: Einum Sigurd , Ullern Emil R. , Walsh Matthew , Burton Tim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInvasive predatory species are frequently observed to cause evolutionary responses in prey phenotypes, which in turn may lead to evolutionary shifts in the population dynamics of prey. Research has provided a link between rates of predation and the evolution of prey population growth in the lab, but studies from natural populations are rare. Here, we tested for evolutionary changes in population dynamics parameters of zooplankton Daphnia pulicaria following invasion by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus into Lake Kegonsa, Wisconsin, US. We used a resurrection ecological approach, whereby clones from pre‐ and post‐invasive periods were hatched from eggs obtained in sediment cores and were used in a 3‐month growth experiment. Based on these data, we estimated intrinsic population growth rates (r), the shape of density dependence (θ) and carrying capacities (K) using theta‐logistic models. We found that post‐invasion Daphnia maintained a higher r and K under these controlled, predation‐free laboratory conditions. Evidence for changes in θ was weaker. Whereas previous experimental evolution studies of predator–prey interactions have demonstrated that genotypes that have evolved under predation have inferior competitive ability when the predator is absent, this was not the case for the Daphnia. Given that our study was conducted in a laboratory environment and the possibility for genotype‐by‐environment interactions, extrapolating these apparent counterintuitive results to the wild should be done with caution. However, barring such complications, we discuss how selection for reduced predator exposure, either temporally or spatially, may have led to the observed changes. This scenario suggests that complexities in ecological interactions represents a challenge when predicting the evolutionary responses of population dynamics to changes in predation pressure in natural systems.
Energy mix for net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 in Japan
Authors: Otsuki Takashi , Obane Hideaki , Kawakami Yasuaki , Shimogori Kei , Mizuno Yuji , Morimoto Soichi , Matsuo Yuhji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated cost‐effective energy strategies for realizing net zero CO2 emissions in Japan by 2050, employing an energy system optimization model with hourly electricity balances. The detailed temporal resolution enables the model to capture the intermittency of variable renewable energy (VRE) and the costs of system integration measures. Siting constraints on VRE, such as prohibiting solar PV and onshore wind developments in forests and offshore wind developments inside fishery rights areas, are incorporated in the model to reflect the environmental protection and social acceptance perspectives. Simulation results imply that a well‐balanced power generation mix, combining renewables, nuclear, gas‐fired with carbon capture and storage, as well as ammonia‐fired, would contribute to curbing mitigation costs. In contrast, a simulation case with very high VRE penetration poses economic challenges. The average shadow price of electricity in 2050 in a 100% renewables case (RE100) is projected to be more than doubled from a reference case which is based on middle‐of‐the‐road assumptions. Marginal CO2 abatement cost in 2050 increases from 49,200 JPY/tCO2 in the reference case to 75,300 JPY/tCO2 in the RE100 case. The economic viability of high VRE penetration is improved by relaxing the siting constraints, although it may raise environmental and social concerns.
Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on readmission among hospitalized patients with heart failure in China
Authors: Liu Jian , Liu Jing , Wang Jiurui , Yan Zeping , Liang Qian , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Mengqi , Luan Xiaorong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsMalnutrition is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poorer quality of life and increased mortality; however, an effective screening tool for malnutrition and its impact on the readmission of patients with HF is uncertain. Our objectives were to study (i) the nutritional status of Chinese hospitalized patients with HF and its impact on readmission and (ii) the validity of seven malnutrition screening tools.Methods and resultsIn this study, univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox proportional hazards regression were used to determine important predictors of readmission. The endpoint was readmission due to HF or non‐HF. A total of 402 patients were included (66.4% male, median age 62 years [range: 20–92 years], median NT‐proBNP 5,229 ng/L). During a median follow‐up of 159 days, 150 patients (37%) were readmitted to the hospital. After adjusting for confounders, only malnutrition assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) nutrition score was independently associated with readmission (P = 0.0293). A base model for predicting readmission with a C‐statistic of 0.680 and subsequent addition of various nutritional screening tools improved its performance over the base model. Patients with malnutrition had a twofold increased risk of readmission.ConclusionsWe found that the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized patients with HF in China is very high and that malnutrition significantly increases the risk of readmission in these patients. CONUT is a validated screening tool for malnutrition and may provide valuable prognostic information.
Abundance–Occupancy Patterns Of Black Bass In An Impounded River
Authors: Miranda Leandro E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A positive relationship has been documented for a wide diversity of taxa between the percentage of transects sampled in which a species is recorded (i.e., occupancy) and the average abundance of the species at transects where recorded. This positive relationship implies that abundance increases faster than occupancy, so populations that occupy more sites also tend to occupy them at higher abundances. Plainly, there is a limit to the sites available for a species to occupy, so as the population expands numerically, abundance at a site must also increase. The pattern may differ across species and geography depending on aspects such as species vital rates, resource use, and resource availability. I investigated abundance–occupancy patterns of three black basses Micropterus spp. in reservoirs of the mainstem Tennessee River, USA. The data set included relative abundance estimates made at 7,237 sites in nine reservoirs sampled during 1997–2018, for 43,243 black bass, including 67% Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, 14% Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu, and 19% Spotted Bass M. punctulatus. As relative abundance increased due to natural annual population fluctuations, occupancy also increased, but faster for Largemouth Bass and more slowly for Smallmouth Bass and Spotted Bass. Largemouth Bass spread abundance more thinly over many sites, and Smallmouth Bass and Spotted Bass spread abundance more thickly over fewer sites. The recognition that black bass populations that decline in occupancy face the additional burden of disproportionally larger decreases in abundance per site, or that black bass that decline in abundance per site face decreases in occupancy, has various conservation and habitat management implications.
Protective effects of an aqueous extract of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae against radiation‐induced testicular injury in mice
Authors: Nam Hyeon‐Hwa , Kang Sohi , Seo Yun‐Soo , Lee Jun , Moon Byeong Cheol , Lee Hae June , Lee Ji Hye , Kim Bohye , Lee Sueun , Kim Joong‐Sun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis have been used as a food ingredient and are known for their nutritional value and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, whether P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae demonstrate protective effects against radiation‐induced testicular injury has not been investigated. In this study, the protective effects of an aqueous extract of P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (PBE) against radiation‐induced testicular injury were tested. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered PBE (5 or 10 mg/kg) orally for 14 days before exposure to focal pelvic irradiation. Histopathological examinations were conducted at 8 h and 30 d after radiation exposure. PBE pretreatment reduced the radiation‐induced apoptosis of germ cells at 8 h after irradiation and significantly increased testis and epididymis weights relative to those of the irradiated control mice at 30 days. PBE protected against histopathological damage and decreased the radiation‐induced effects on the epithelium height and seminiferous tubule diameter. Furthermore, the extract ameliorated the radiation‐induced morphological abnormalities of sperm cells and improved their motility. It also prevented a decrease in the epididymal sperm count caused by irradiation. Moreover, the extract alleviated the generation of reactive oxygen species, and its antioxidative activity increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Among the six major compounds isolated from PBE, benzoic acid and uridine showed the highest antioxidant activities. These results suggest that PBE protects against radiation‐induced testicular injury via its antioxidative properties. Thus, it has potential clinical applicability as a neoadjuvant therapy for the prevention of testicular damage caused by cancer radiotherapy.
Knowledge and perception of breast cancer among women of reproductive age in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Mehejabin Fatema , Rahman Md. Sahidur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsBreast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The significantly higher mortality rate has been considered due to poor knowledge of women, delay in diagnosis, and initiation of treatment. Therefore, this hospital‐based cross‐sectional study aimed to understand the knowledge and perception of women with breast cancer in Bangladesh.MethodsData was collected using a questionnaire‐based interview from 357 women aged 15–49 years attending two tertiary care hospitals in Chattogram city of Bangladesh.ResultsNeighbors (18.6%) and relatives (18.1%) were the leading sources of information on breast cancer. Among the total, 69.5% knew about breast cancer however, only 14% of them knew about screening tests and 61.5% were unaware of risk factors for developing breast cancer. Pain in the breast, painless lump, and nipple discharge were the most recognized clinical symptoms by the participants. Exercise and weight control, the practice of breastfeeding, and taking medicine were the three most known prevention practices. Women perceived wrong conceptions that Breast cancer is only found in older age (42.3%) and women (15.7%) and that it causes losing one's breast (3.1%). A significant correlation was found between the education level of participants and their knowledge of risk factors related to breast cancer.ConclusionAlthough the majority of the participants have heard about breast cancer, they do not possess enough knowledge regarding the risk factor, symptoms, and preventive methods of breast cancer. We suggest interventions targeting a community‐based awareness program
Toward understanding in vivo corrosion: Influence of interfacial hydrogen gas build‐up on degradation of magnesium alloy implants
Authors: Kuah Kai Xiang , Wijesinghe Sudesh , Blackwood Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLimited material transport, causing gas cavities formation, is commonly observed during the degradation of magnesium implants, yet its effects on corrosion are not understood. Herein, a bespoke cell was designed, allowing for the incorporation of an additional agarose layer above the corroding magnesium sample. This design replicates the limited material transport in vitro and enables us to understand its influence on corrosion of magnesium alloys. This work investigated the influence of varying thickness of agarose (0–0.9 mm) on the corrosion of Mg‐Zn‐Zr magnesium alloy maintained at 37°C in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). The introduction of agarose slowed transport of material away from the corroding magnesium surface, including the evolved hydrogen forming a gas cavity. It has been found that an initial increase in the agarose thickness (or the reduction in material transport) of 0.3 mm leads to an increase in the corrosion rate of the magnesium alloy by 62%. However, with a further increase in agarose thickness from 0.3 to 0.9 mm, the corrosion rate decreases by 37%. This observation has been attributed to the accumulation of, and competition between, chloride and hydroxide ions near the alloy's surface. In the presence of materials barrier, hydrogen measurement is no longer a reliable method for the measurement of corrosion rates. This study underscores the importance of the consideration of limited material transport during the in vitro corrosion tests of biomedical implants.
Green synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using stem extract of Zanthoxylum armatum
Authors: Habib Uroosa , Ahmad Khan Ashfaq , Rahman Taj Ur , Zeb Muhammad Aurang , Liaqat Wajiha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Zanthoxylum armatum stem extract. The characteristic absorption at 385 nm suggested synthesis of AgNPs which was further confirmed by SEM, with a size in the range of 46.66 nm to 60.12 nm and a spherical shape, having an FCC structure, analyzed by XRD. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phenol and secondary alcohol groups over the AgNPS. The elemental composition was further investigated by FESEM‐EDX analysis which revealed the presence of silver in the synthesis nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms with a zone of inhibition of 21 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 17 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 mm for Salmonella enteric, and 18 mm for Escherichia coli. Overall, the results showed that the green silver nanoparticles could be safe, as they are capable of potential antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.
CD8+ and FoxP3+ T‐Cell Cellular Density and Spatial Distribution After Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 Check Point Inhibition
Authors: Curry Joseph , Alnemri Angela , Philips Ramez , Fiorella Michele , Sussman Sarah , Stapp Robert , Solomides Charalambos , Harshyne Larry , South Andrew , Luginbuhl Adam , Tuluc Madalina , Martinez‐Outschoorn Ubaldo , Argiris Athanassios , Linnenbach Alban , Johnson Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo analyze CD8+ and FoxP3+ T‐cell cellular density (CD) and intercellular distances (ID) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples from a neoadjuvant trial of durvalumab +/− metformin.MethodsPaired pre‐ and post‐treatment primary HNSCC tumor samples were stained for CD8+ and FoxP3+. Digital image analysis was used to determine estimated mean CD8+ and FoxP3+ CDs and CD8+‐FoxP3+ IDs in the leading tumor edge (LTE) and tumor adjacent stroma (TAS) stratified by treatment arm, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, and pathologic treatment response. A subset of samples was characterized for T‐cell related signatures using digital spatial genomic profiling.ResultsPost‐treatment analysis revealed a significant decrease in FoxP3+ CD and an increase in CD8+ CDs in the TAS between patients receiving durvalumab and metformin versus durvlaumab alone. Both treatment arms demonstrated significant post‐treatment increases in ID. Although HPV+ and HPV− had similar immune cell CDs in the tumor microenvironment, HPV+ pre‐treatment samples had 1.60 times greater ID compared with HPV− samples, trending toward significance (p = 0.05). At baseline, pathologic responders demonstrated a 1.16‐fold greater CD8+ CDs in the LTE (p = 0.045) and 2.28‐fold greater ID (p = 0.001) than non‐responders. Digital spatial profiling revealed upregulation of FoxP3+ and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) in the TAS (p = 0.006, p = 0.026) in samples from pathologic responders.ConclusionsAnalysis of CD8+ and FoxP3+ detected population differences according to HPV status, pathologic response, and treatment. Greater CD8+‐FoxP3+ ID was associated with pathologic response. CD8+ and FoxP3+ T‐cell distributions may be predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibition. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT03618654).Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1875–1884, 2023