bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various Technologies used in Capturing CO2 and Manufacturing Cost of Microalgae
Authors: Yadav Govind , Badgaiyan Prof. Pankaj 
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this paper is to investigate a variety of promising techniques for carbon capture from a variety of sources, as well as carbon capture from the atmosphere employing direct air capture (DAC) methods. Afterwards carbon dioxide has been recorded, it is used to grow micro algae. The evaluation is broken down into three sections: direct air capturing with liquid solvent systems, direct air capturing with solid sorbent systems, and microalgae manufacturing costs.
Holocene dynamics of a relict moss complex in the Korotovskoe mire (State Complex «Zavidovo», Russia)
Authors:   Main Botanical Garden of RAS, Nosova Maria B. , Lapshina Elena D. ,   Yugra State University, Notov Alexander A. ,   Tver State University, Ignatov Mikhail S. ,   Main Botanical Garden of RAS
Published: February 2022

The Korotovskoe mire in the National Park «State complex “Zavidovo”» is the only mire massif in the Moscow Region (Russia) where the postglacial relict complex of vascular plants (e.g. Betula humilis, Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum, Saxifraga hirculus, Trichophorum alpinum) and mosses (e.g. Cinclidium stygium, Drepanocladus trifarius, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Meesia triquetra, Paludella squarrosa, Scorpidium scorpioides, S. cossonii, Tomentypnum nitens) is maximally saved. This complex is typical for spring fens. We studied the main stages of the mire development during the last 10 000 years using the analysis of macroremains and radiocarbon analysis. It was shown that despite the instability of the water regime on the mire, minerotrophic mosses were found in the most peat layers. This fact confirms the stability of mineral water inflow during the early and middle Holocene. Meesia triquetra and Drepanocladus trifarius live on the mire since the Boreal period. During the Atlantic and Subboreal period (when the mire surface dried out) there was a very slow peat deposition and the mire was covered by trees, together with a decrease in minerotrophic mosses in the vegetation cover. Scorpidium cossonii, Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Drepanocladus sendtnerii emerge during peat deposits in the Subboreal period after the water regime restoration and the returning of swamp conditions. In the last 2000 years, the surface of the mire was covered by Sphagnum mosses. During the meso-oligotrophic stage of the mire development, mosses demanding a rich mineralisation remained in other parts of the mire, where conditions of rich mineral nutrition lasted longer. Limiting factors of this moss complex during the early and middle Holocene were light and level of mire waters, whereas, in the late Holocene, it was oligotrophisation of the upper peat layers because of a rapid deposition of organic matter. The complex of relict minerotrophic mosses currently existing on mires in the centre of European Russia can be considered as relicts of the glacial time, and, at the same time, as relicts of spring fens, which were more widespread in the early and middle Holocene and gradually having lost their importance as a result of autogenic succession. The obtained data indicate the great nature conservation value of the Korotovskoe mire massif.
The Geodetic Infrastructure of Ungheni District of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Chiriac Vasile , Nuca Dumitru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Starting from 1999 a new geodetic reference system MOLDREF99 based on the ITRF97 and ETRS89 was established in Republic of Moldova. The realization of MOLDREF99 is the national GNSS Network with density about 1 point per 15 sq. km. However, this density is insufficient for large spectrum of applications (landslide and floods monitoring, environmental research, geohazard prediction, etc.). In 2011 national positioning service MOLDPOS was put on function with 10 permanent GNSS stations to provide real time positioning services. In order to improve the accuracy of digital terrain models along the Prut River the local quasigeoid model is necessary to develop taking in consideration GNSS/Levelling differences and gravity data. This article is focused on improvement of geodetic infrastructure of the Ungheni district in order to ensure precise and homogenous geodetic data interpretation along the Prut River for flood risk assessment and development of flood risk management plans.
Seismic Response of Three-Lobed Shape
Authors: Irimia Mihai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with the three-lobed churches, the most representative creations of the ecclesiastic and monumental architecture preserved in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area. Beginning with the fourteenth century, in Moldavia and Wallachia, the old wooden churches, often threatened by the fire, were replaced with stone or brick masonry ones. Unfortunately, strong and enduring earthquakes occur in this area. The stone and brick masonry, with clay or lime mortars, used for three-lobed churches, including their foundations and steeples, were often severely damaged by earthquakes. According to a legend, in the case of the Church of Arges Monastery, usually the damages occurred during the nights. To save the church, by the virtue of an old myth, the Manole Master has immolated his wife into one of the pronaos walls. By that occasion, the whole pronaos was enlarged and the church was no longer damaged. The later research has shown that by reshaping the pronaos, the relative positions of the weight center and the stiffness center have been reversed. Since then, that beautiful church, during its long service of 503 years, was never damaged again by earthquakes. The same happy fate has been experienced by the subsequent three-lobed churches which adopted the same enlarged pronaos.
Use of Limestone Blocks in Constructions in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Doina-Cezara Albu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the most important problems in modern society is the problem of using natural, ecological, harmless products for humans. In construction, this problem is solved by selecting, combining and using natural, traditional materials for some geographical areas. The most widespread in the world, starting from antiquity, is limestone. The limestone block, the so-called „cotileț”, is a construction material that has been used in masonry for over 60 years on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. In this research is considered dynamic extraction of limestone blocks, are analysed existing excavations and its location, the limestone reserves in Moldova. The technical characteristics of the „cotileț” are studied, such as dimensions, density, water absorption level, softening coefficient and earthquake resistance. At the same time, the existing buildings on the territory of the Republic of Moldova were examined and the characteristics of those built of limestone blocks were highlighted.
Shear Lag and Local Buckling Interaction in Orthotropic Deck of Steel Bridges
Authors: Moga Cătălin , Fenesan Crina , Suciu Mircea 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The term of shear lag is related to the discrepancies between the approximate theory of the bending of beams and their real behaviour, and it refers to the increases of the bending stresses near the flange-to-web junctions, and the corresponding decreases in the flange stresses away from these junctions.
In the case of wide flanges of plated structures, shear lag caused by shear strains, which are neglected in the conventional theory, may be taken into account by a reduced flange width concentrated along the webs of the steel girders.
The effects of the shear lag, plate buckling and interaction of both effects should be taken into account at the ultimate, serviceability or fatigue limit states in the design of structures with wide flanges.
In EN 1993-1-5, the concept of taking shear lag into account is based on the effectives width of the flange which is defined in order to have the same total normal force in the gross flange subjected to the real transverse stress distribution as the effective flange subjected to a uniform stress.
Some aspects concerning the shear lag phenomenon and a design example of effectives width calculation and the shear lag effects for a steel pedestrian bridge deck are presented in this paper.
The Importance of Entrepreneurial Management in the Civil Construction Branch
Authors: Rusu Radu , Bejuşcă Andrei , Șerbănoiu Ion 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Entrepreneurship can be defined as a complex process through which a series of resources are mobilized in order to exploit and capitalize on business opportunities and ideas, constituting one of the most important factors that bring a big contribution to the economic growth. The whole mechanism is set in motion by an entrepreneur, represented by individuals or groups, who by assuming in the decision making, innovation and creativity, aim to obtain the maximum profit with a minimum financial effort. The profile of the ideal entrepreneur, either an individual or an organization, is shaped by a series of qualities, including the ability to assume and lead, the capacity for intense effort over long periods, the speed of reactions and the speed of decisions, the efficient organization of work. The efficiency of the entrepreneur’s decisions and activity can be improved by applying an entrepreneurial management system, in order to identify and capitalize the business opportunities.
Notes About Crushing Sand from Bituminous Schist
Authors: Hanganu Dumitru-Dragos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
People have used sand and stone for foundations for thousands of years. Significant refinement of the production and use of aggregate occurred during the Roman Empire, which used aggregate to build its vast network of roads and aqueducts. The invention of concrete, which was essential to architecture utilizing arches, created an immediate, permanent demand for construction aggregates.
Construction aggregate, or simply “aggregate”, is a broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and roadside edge drains. Aggregates are also used as base material under foundations, roads, and railroads. In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, uniform properties (e.g. to help prevent differential settling under the road or building), or as a low-cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete.
Preferred bituminous aggregate sizes for road construction are given in EN 13043 as d/D (where the range shows the smallest and largest square mesh grating that the particles can pass). The same classification sizing is used for larger armour stone sizes in EN 13383, EN 12620 for concrete aggregate, EN 13242 for base layers of road construction and EN 13450 for railway ballast.
Aggregates themselves can be recycled as aggregates. Unlike deposits of sand and gravel or stone suitable for crushing into aggregate, which can be anywhere and may require overburden removal and/or blasting, “deposits” of recyclable aggregate tend to be concentrated near urban areas, and production from them cannot be raised or lowered to meet demand for aggregates. Supply of recycled aggregate depends on physical decay of structures and their demolition. The recycling plant can be fixed or mobile; the smaller capacity mobile plant works best for asphalt-aggregate recycling. The material being recycled is usually highly variable in quality and properties.
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy and Its Role in the Characterization of Biological Cells
Authors: Schreiner Thomas Gabriel , Adam Maricel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is a method of characterizing matter from the perspective of its dielectric parameters, which varies depending on the frequency of the applied electromagnetic field. During recent years, along with its many uses, there has been an increase in interest in the use of the method in biomedical fields, especially for the characterization of normal and tumor cells. In this context, this review aims to address in the first part the theoretical bases and mathematical models that explain the principle of operation of the broadband spectroscope. Subsequently, the advantages and limitations of the method are detailed, including the difficulties that the researcher may encounter in the case of working with living cells. Finally, the most important scientific results obtained on normal and pathological cell cultures are presented, possible future research directions being suggested.
Digital Communication Links Cooperating with the Analog 4-20 mA Standard for Marine Applications
Authors: Abotaleb Mostafa , Mindykowski Janusz , Dudojc Boleslaw , Masnicki Romuald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe maritime industry makes a significant contribution to the globalized economy. One of the most important parts of the maritime industry is transport. Maritime transport by ships is the dominant means of transport for industrial products and food. Modern ships are increasingly automated. A characteristic feature of automation systems is the use of distributed monitoring and control systems with large distances between field devices and controllers. Among many methods of signal transmission, both in measurement and control, the dominant role in related to continuous signals is played by the two-wire 4-20 mA current standard. Despite its advantages, this standard has limitations mainly due to one-way transmission of information representing one measurement quantity. Programmable transducers are an alternative to analogue solutions. This carried out research concentrates on the full assessment of the properties of the considered methods of information transmission used so far with particular reference to the two-wire 4-20 mA standard. This assessment also takes into account the negative factors characterizing the sea-going ships, such as environmental conditions or problems resulting from the use of an isolated power grid. Additionally, a description of the available digital methods used for communication in ship automation systems will be presented. Firstly, description will be provided for HART protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer), Foundation Fieldbus, Profibus PA and Modbus as communication protocols adopted by modern smart transducers as alternatives for classical analogue 4-20 mA transducers. Moreover, serial communication interfaces such as RS232, RS422 and RS485 will be discussed as means of communication between automation stations. In order to demonstrate the positive contribution for smart transmitters in measurement and control process, an experimental research has been conducted at the laboratories of Gdynia Maritime University, results of which will be discussed in detail in this article. Eventually, illustration will be provided for tank level measurement systems on a commercial ship as an example for measurement and control system mainly based on classical 4-20 mA current signal. Description will be provided for the problems associated with the system and their causes. Based on the conducted discussions, there will be recommendations of suggested solutions for such problems.
Preprocessing Methods for GC-IMS Image Analysis
Authors: Condaragiu Simona , Lucanu Nicolae , Lebhardt Philipp , Langejuergen Jens , Ciocoiu Iulian B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a cascade of preprocessing procedures aiming at enhancing the quality of images generated by gas-chromatography ion mobility spectrometers (GC-IMS). The methods successfully eliminate the Reactant Ion Peak (RIP) lines, while additionally filtering out noisy components. The resulting images enable better localization and matching of the peaks associated with the presence of distinct analytes in the samples under study.
Aspects Regarding the Use of Electronic Power Devices in Power Grid
Authors: Atănăsoaei Marian , Adam Maricel , Andrusca Mihai , Dragomir Alin , Deac Cosmin Nistor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Custom power devices are generally used to power sensitive consumers who need higher energy quality. This paper will exemplify some of the custom power devices used in distribution networks. The case study will highlight the solid-state current limiter effects on an electrical network by simulating a medium voltage network. By installing a solid-state current limiter, the value of the short-circuit current decreases; thus, the electrodynamic forces and thermal stresses supported by the components of the electrical network are reduced.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 gene variations and lipid profile characteristics in the type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Marushchak Mariya , Hevko Uliana , Krynytska Inna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of diseases that develops in a setting of polymorbid processes or more often promotes their development, forming in this spectrum the phenomenon of comorbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the lipid panel data in T2DM patients with comorbid obesity and chronic pancreatitis (CP) taking into account the C/A polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene (rs2943640).

Methods. The study involved 34 T2DM patients and 10 healthy individuals. The rs2943640 IRS1 gene polymorphism was genotyped using the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Blood serum lipid panel data were determined with commercially available kits on a Cobas 6000 analyzer.

Results. In patients with only T2DM and T2DM + comorbid obesity, an association between IRS1 gene polymorphism (rs2943640) and lipid profile abnormalities with maximum changes of the lipid characteristics recorded in C/C genotype carriers was found. Within the C/C genotype of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640) in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity and CP, significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and significantly higher levels of triglycerides (TG), non-HDL-C and remnant cholesterol (RC) in relation to type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity were found. At the same time, within the C/A genotype of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640), significant changes of lipid panel data were found in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid obesity relative to the control group (p<0.001).

Conclusions. Our data indicate that the presence of the C allele of IRS1 gene (rs2943640) in both homozygous and heterozygous states may indicate increased risk of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with comorbidities.
Predictive value of the glycated albumin versus glycosylated hemoglobin in follow-up of glucose homeostasis in hemodialysis-maintained type-2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ahmed Elham , El Zahraa Sayed Bokhary Fatma , Ismail Samar , Mahmoud Abd El Hameed Waleed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives. Markers for glucose control in hemodialysis patients (HDP) are debated. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) relies on the stable red blood cell survival. Albumin turnover is faster than hemoglobin. Glycated albumin (GA%) may be used as an index of short-term glycemic control. The predictive value of GA% versus HbA1c% in monitoring the glucose homeostasis in type-2 diabetic HDP is studied.

Methods. Forty type-2 diabetic HDP and 20 healthy non diabetic subjects matched age and sex as a control group were included. Calculation of body mass index and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and urea reduction ratio were done. Glycosylated hemoglobin, glycated albumin, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total lipid, kidney and liver functions tests, hepatitis markers, electrolytes, complete blood count, and international normalized ratio were performed. Patients were followed up after 6 months.

Results. The study showed that GA% is more sensitive than HbA1c%, but less specific in the follow-up of the glucose homeostasis in type-2 diabetic HDP. Diagnostic accuracy is higher in HbA1c% than in GA%. HOMA-IR is superior regarding the sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion. The present data show that GA% is more sensitive than HbA1c% and has more diagnostic accuracy in the follow-up of the glucose homeostasis in type-2 diabetic HDP.
Exercise training improves memory and produces changes in the adrenal gland morphology in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hafedh Muthanna , Parnow Abdolhossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. The present study sought to verify the effects of an exercise training on the memory along with the morphological assessment of the adrenal gland tissue in the rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Methods. Female Lewis rats were randomly divided into three groups: EAE group, EAE group with exercise (EAE+Ex), and control group (CO). Each group contained 10 rats. To evaluate the memory, all rats were subjected to the Morris water maze learning test for four consecutive days and one day for a prop test. EAE was induced by guinea pig spinal cord homogenate emulsified in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant and heat-mycobacterium. The exercise training on a motorized treadmill was initiated 3 weeks before EAE induction and disconnected 2 weeks post-induction.

Results. We found that exercise training for five weeks produced an improved swimming velocity related to memory improvement in EAE+Ex group in comparison with EAE group, but not an incurable adrenal gland tissue after EAE induction.

Conclusions. The experimental design selected for this study appears to be an effective treatment for memory in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
The impact of glutamine deprivation on the expression of MEIS3, SPAG4, LHX1, LHX2, and LHX6 genes in ERN1 knockdown U87 glioma cells
Authors: Krasnytska Dariia A. , Khita Olena O. , Tsymbal Dariia O. , Luzina Olha Y. , Cherednychenko Anastasiia A. , Kozynkevich Halyna E. , Bezrodny Borys H. , Minchenko Dmytro O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of genes encoded homeobox proteins such as MEIS3 (Meis homeobox 3), SPAG4 (sperm associated antigen 4), LHX1 (LIM homeobox 1), LHX2, and LHX6 in U87 glioma cells in response to glutamine deprivation in control glioma cells and cells with knockdown of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1), the major pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, for evaluation of a possible dependence on the expression of these important regulatory genes from glutamine supply and ERN1 signaling.

Methods. The expression level of MEIS3, SPAG4, LHX, LHX2, and LHX6 genes was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in control U87 glioma cells (transfected by vector) and cells with ERN1 knockdown after exposure to glutamine deprivation.

Results. It was shown that the expression level of MEIS3 and LHX1 genes was up-regulated in control glioma cells treated by glutamine deprivation. At the same time, the expression level of three other genes (LHX2, LHX6, and SPAG4) was down-regulated. Furthermore, ERN1 knockdown significantly modified the effect of glutamine deprivation on LHX1 gene expression in glioma cells, but did not change significantly the sensitivity of all other genes expression to this experimental condition.

Conclusion. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the exposure of U87 glioma cells under glutamine deprivation significantly affected the expression of all genes studied encoding the homeobox proteins and that this effect of glutamine deprivation was independent of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling mediated by ERN1, except LHX1 gene.