bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of 30-15 intermittent fitness test for cardiorespiratory fitness assessment among infantry members of Slovenian armed forces: A study protocol
Authors: Paravlic Armin H. , Simunic Bostjan , Pisot Rado , Rauter Samo , Vodicar Janez 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) testing is routinely performed by most armed and tactical forces around the world as part of their recruitment process for new members or simply as an annual examination of their personnel. A 2-mile run (2MR) test is among the most commonly used. However, as it is performed outdoors, weather, climate, and terrain can influence the results and often limit the maximum performance. Also, this test has been shown to be difficult for individuals because the pacing strategy is self-paced. As such, it does not reflect the real situation on the battlefield, where most activities are externally driven by the environment and the enemy. Therefore, we believe that the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) may be a suitable tool for measuring CRF and battle readiness of military personnel. Moreover, given the importance of visual attention to military personnel we aim to investigate the differences in visual attention between better and less physically prepared infantry members and its corresponding response to maximal endurance running test.Methods and analysisThis randomized cross-over study using a within-subjects test-retest design will enroll 32 infantry members of the Slovenian Armed Forces. To investigate the reliability and validity of the 30-15IFT test, an incremental treadmill test (TR), a 2MR test, and two identical 30-15IFT will be performed in randomized order. Additionally, participants will be subsequently divided into two groups based on their score on the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), whereas differences in visual attention will be assessed by using the d2 test. The primary analysis will assess differences in key physiological outcomes between the different CRF tests (TR vs. 2MR vs. 30-15IFT). In addition, the relative reliability of all dependent variables between two 30-15IFT trials will be estimated by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while relationship between maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate and maximal running speed of 30-15IFT, TR and 2MR will be assessed using Pearson’s correlation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the National Medical Ethics Committee (reference number: 0120-495/2021/6). The results of the proposed study will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05218798].
Caregiver Strategies to Sensory Features for Children With Autism and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Little Lauren M. , Ausderau Karla , Freuler Ashley , Sideris John , Baranek Grace T. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCaregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD) implement myriad strategies to support their children during daily activities and routines, which are laden with sensory stimuli. Children’s sensory features are often characterized by three patterns of response (i.e., hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, sensory seeking), and little is known about how caregivers’ strategies differ among these patterns. Therefore, we used a mixed methods analysis to examine the complex interplay between children’s sensory response patterns, child characteristics (diagnosis, chronological age, mental age), and caregiver strategies. Specifically, we examined how children’s sensory response pattern scores were associated with caregiver strategies within sensory response pattern and at the item level. Lastly, we described the differential strategies implemented by caregivers of children with ASD and DD by sensory response pattern.Materials and MethodsParticipants included children with ASD (n = 77) and DD (n = 40) aged 2–10 years. Caregivers completed the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire-2.1. A convergent parallel mixed methods approach was used to analyze data.ResultsChildren’s sensory response pattern scores were significantly, positively associated with caregiver strategies within each sensory pattern (hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, seeking); however, child mental age, and chronological age were not significantly related to the rate of caregiver strategies across patterns. While caregivers of children with ASD reported using more strategies, child diagnosis did not moderate the association between child sensory response pattern scores and the rate of caregiver strategies used. Item analysis demonstrated specific child behaviors in response to sensory stimuli that elicited high rates of strategies among caregivers. Qualitative analysis revealed distinct themes characterized caregiver strategies within each sensory pattern for children with ASD and DD.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated specificity of caregiver strategies to children’s sensory response patterns in the context of families’ everyday lives, which were not contingent on child diagnosis, mental age, or chronological age, thereby highlighting universal qualities of caregiving for young children who experience varying levels of sensory challenges. Targeted intervention approaches may differentially incorporate types of strategies based on sensory response patterns to more optimally facilitate children’s activity participation.
A retrospective research on non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors among young patients diagnosed with mood disorders
Authors: Zheng Yage , Xiao Ling , Wang Huiling , Chen Zhenhua , Wang Gaohua 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging public concern in both clinical and non-clinical settings, especially in the background of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nevertheless, knowledge of NSSI on a certain disease entity in the later stage of the pandemic was scarce.ObjectiveThis study was conducted for the purpose of exploring the current occurrence and characteristics of NSSI in patients diagnosed with mood disorders (MDs) as well as its correlated factors in the later stage of the pandemic.MethodsThree hundred and forty-nine eligible subjects (M ± SD, 21.54 ± 7.62) admitted to a mental health center in Wuhan from 11 November 2021 to 31 January 2022 were included in our study. An umbrella questionnaire comprised of demographics, COVID-19-related factors, Yale-Brown Obsessive and Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Revised (PSQI-R), Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), and Ottawa Self-injury Inventory (OSI) was extended to each subject via shared QR code.ResultsOf 349 patients with MDs included, 151 (43.27%) reported NSSI in the recent 1 month, among whom hand, lower arm/wrist, and scalp were the most hurt body parts, and cutting, hitting, and headbanging were the most adopted methods. “Own idea” was the most common origin of NSSI. In the logistic regression model, age bracket, family monthly income, occupation, level of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, sleep duration, withdrawal reaction to the mobile phone, and habits of using a mobile phone were independently associated with NSSI.ConclusionIt was revealed by our study that NSSI was quite prevalent among patients with MDs, especially among those students, adolescents, comorbid with OCD symptoms, inadequate sleeping hours, and suffering from withdrawal reaction to mobile phones. Further research on NSSI in various psychiatric disorders and even in non-clinical settings such as the community population was in urgent need since NSSI in China was not rare.
Tapered discontinuation vs. maintenance therapy of antipsychotic medication in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: Obstacles, findings, and lessons learned in the terminated randomized clinical trial TAILOR
Authors: Stürup Anne Emilie , Hjorthøj Carsten , Albert Nikolai , Dolmer Signe , Birk Merete , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Eplov Lene Falgaard , Jensen Heidi , Vernal Ditte Lammers , Speyer Helene , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: July 2022

AimEvidence is insufficient regarding the consequences of discontinuing vs. maintaining antipsychotic medication in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Our aim was to examine tapered discontinuation vs. maintenance treatment regarding remission of psychotic symptoms and impact on other areas.MethodsPatients included had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were treated with antipsychotic medication, and were in remission of psychotic symptoms. Participants were randomized to tapered discontinuation or maintenance treatment with antipsychotic medication. Assessments were undertaken at baseline and after 1-year. The primary outcome was remission of psychotic symptoms without antipsychotic medication.ResultsThe trial was terminated due to insufficient recruitment. In total, 29 participants were included: 14 in the tapering/discontinuation group and 15 in the maintenance group. Adherence to maintenance treatment was poor. At 1-year follow-up, remission of psychotic symptoms without antipsychotic medication for 3 months was observed in five participants in the tapering/discontinuation group and two in the maintenance group.ConclusionDue to insufficient recruitment this study does not provide a conclusion on whether unfavorable outcomes or advantages follow tapering of antipsychotic medication. Recruitment and adherence to maintenance treatment encountered obstacles. Based on experiences from this trial, we discussed alternative study designs as consistent evidence is still needed on whether to continue or discontinue antipsychotic medication in remitted patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2016-000565-23/DK, EU Clinical Trials Register—EudraCT no. 2016–000565–23.
Prevalence of violence to others among individuals with schizophrenia in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Yi , Yang Xianmei , Wang Dan , Fan Ruoxin , Liang Yiying , Wang Rongke , Xiang Hu , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Xiang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundViolence to others (hereinafter referred to as “violence-TO”) is common in individuals with schizophrenia. The reported prevalence of violence-TO among schizophrenics ranges widely in existing studies. Improved prevalence estimates and identification of moderators are needed to guide future management and research.MethodsWe searched EBSCO, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, WANFANG data, and CBM for relevant articles published before June 5, 2022. Meanwhile, violence-TO was summarized into four categories: (a) violence-TO on the reviews of official criminal or psychiatric records (type I); (b) less serious forms of violence-TO (type II); (c) physical acts causing demonstrable harm to victims (type III); (d) homicide (type IV). We did meta-analysis for the above types of violence-TO, respectively, and applied subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses to investigate the source of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 56 studies were eligible in this study and 34 of them were high-quality. The prevalence of type I to type IV in individuals with schizophrenia in China was 23.83% (95% CI: 18.38–29.75%), 23.16% (95% CI: 8.04–42.97%), 17.19% (95%CI: 8.52–28.04%), and 0.62% (95% CI: 0.08–1.54%) respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of type I was higher among subjects in the inland than in the coastal non-economic zone, while the prevalence of type III was the highest in the coastal economic zone, followed by the inland region and the lowest in the coastal non-economic zone. The results of multivariate meta-regression analyses showed that: patient source in type I (β = 0.15, P &lt; 0.01), patient source (β = 0.47, P &lt; 0.01), and proportion of male (β = 0.19, P &lt; 0.01) in type II, age (β = 0.25, P &lt; 0.01), and GDP per capita (β = 0.05, P = 0.01) in type III were statistically significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of different types of violence-TO and their influencing factors varied. Therefore, the authorities should take different management measures. In addition to individual factors, regional factors may also affect violence-TO, which suggests the need for a multi-sectorial approach to prevention and treatment for subjects in different regions and adopting targeted control strategies.Systematic Review Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CRD42021269767].
Food preferences and thyroid hormones in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Staníková Daniela , Krajčovičová Lea , Demková Linda , Forišek-Paulová Petronela , Slobodová Lucia , Vitariušová Eva , Tichá Lubica , Ukropcová Barbara , Staník Juraj , Ukropec Jozef 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThyroid hormones profoundly affect energy metabolism but their interrelation with food preference, which might contribute to childhood obesity development, are much less understood. In this study, we investigated if thyroid hormone levels are associated with specific modulation of food preference and potentially linked to the level of obesity in children and adolescents.MethodsInterrelations between food preference and peripheral thyroid activity were examined in a population of 99 non-obese and 101 obese children and adolescents (12.8 ± 3.6 years of age, 111/89 F/M) randomly selected from the patients of the Obesity and Metabolic Disease Out-patient Research Unit at National Institute for Children's Diseases in Bratislava in a period between December 2017 and March 2020.ResultsChildren and adolescents with obesity had a lower preference for food rich in high sucrose and high-complex carbohydrates, while the preference for protein and fat-containing food and that for dietary fibers did not differ between obese and nonobese. In adolescents with obesity, free thyroxine (FT4) correlated positively with the preference for a high protein and high fat-rich diet, irrespective of the fatty acid unsaturation level. Moreover, FT4 correlated negatively with the preference for dietary fibers, which has been also exclusively found in obese adolescents. Individuals with obesity with higher FT4 levels had higher systemic levels of AST and ALT than the population with lower FT4. Multiple regression analysis with age, sex, BMI-SDS, and FT4 as covariates revealed that FT4 and male gender are the major predictors of variability in the preference for a diet high in protein, fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids. FT4 was the sole predictor of the preference for a diet containing saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as for a diet low in fiber.ConclusionThe link between free thyroxin levels and dietary preference for food rich in fat and protein is present exclusively in individuals with obesity. Higher serum FT4 was linked with elevated AST and ALT in children and adolescents with obesity, and FT4 was the best predictor for preference for food rich in fat and low in fiber. This may indicate that FT4 could contribute to the development of childhood obesity and its complications by modulating food preference.
Experiences and needs of front-line nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Ding Shenglan , Deng Shuhua , Zhang Yilan , Wang Qingxia , Liu Zhiping , Huang Jing , Yang Xiaorong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFront-line nurses have played a critical role during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A number of qualitative studies reported front-line nurses' experiences and needs in caring for patients with COVID-19. However, the application of evidence from a single qualitative study to guide clinical practice has limitations. This study aimed to explore front-line nurses' experiences and needs during the COVID-19 pandemic through a qualitative meta-synthesis.MethodsSeven databases were searched from 1 December 2019 to 20 January 2022, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane COVID-19 study register, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MedRxiv, and bioRxiv. The quality of included studies was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) qualitative research appraisal tool. Meta-synthesis was used to synthesize the data from included studies.ResultsA total of 70 studies were included, and five synthesized findings were developed: (1) Although nurses actively devoted themselves to fighting against COVID-19, considering their professional responsibility and historical previous experience with mankind, they were not invulnerable; (2) There were various difficulties and challenges in caring for patients with COVID-19, including fear related to providing patients with care, shortage of protective equipment and manpower, and negative attitude of family members; (3) Facing difficulties and challenges, nurses could only partly cope by using mixed means to overcome those, including media, learning, gaining skills, responding together, and organizational assistance; (4) To better respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses' needs should be paid attention to. Counseling, training, information, resources, and investment are pivotal; (5) Despite the hardships, nurses became stronger and gained gratitude, positivity, mental peace, and confidence.ConclusionsThis study reveals that the psychological experiences of front-line nurses varied, and they faced a variety of challenges. Although nurses had some coping strategies, they still needed multifaceted support to meet the challenges.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO: CRD42021255468.
Impact of intergenerational support and medical expenditures on depression: Evidence from rural older adults in China
Authors: Li Congrong , Han Qing , Hu Jinrong , Han Zeyu , Yang Hongjuan 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveGlobally, depression has become a major health issue among older adults, who experience poor physical health and high medical expenditures. In Asian countries, older adults are greatly dependent on their children. This study assessed the impact of different types of intergenerational support and medical expenditures on depression among older adults in rural China.MethodA three-phase balanced panel was constructed based on data from 1,838 rural older adults with comparable scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) from the China Family Panel Studies in 2012, 2016, and 2018. A fixed-effects model was used to analyze the impact of intergenerational support and medical expenditures on CES-D score and of intergenerational support on medical expenditures. The propensity score-matching model was used to test the regression results' robustness.ResultsThe findings were as follows. First, different types of intergenerational support had a heterogeneous impact on depression among rural older adults. Emotional support had a significantly negative impact on CES-D score, although too much care-based support had a positive impact on CES-D score. Low-level economic support had no significant effect on CES-D score. Second, medical expenditures impacted depression; among these, non-inpatient medical expenditure had a significant and positive impact on CES-D score. Third, CES-D scores among rural older adults were associated with chronic diseases and per capita family income. Fourth, care-based support was associated with reduced non-inpatient medical expenditures, and the sub-sample regression results indicated that the impact was significant for older adults with no chronic diseases and those younger than 75 years.ConclusionIntergenerational emotional support and non-inpatient medical expenditures directly affected rural older adults' CES-D scores. The mediating role of medical expenditures between intergenerational support and CES-D score was not significant. Measures should be taken to encourage intergenerational emotional support and reduce the pressure on children's economic and care-based support. Further, the medical insurance reimbursement policy, as formal support, should be improved to alleviate depression among rural older adults when children's support is limited.
Associations of sport participation, muscle-strengthening exercise and active commuting with self-reported physical fitness in school-aged children
Authors: Shi Chongyan , Chen Sitong , Wang Lei , Yan Jin , Liang Kaixin , Hong Jintao , Shen Hejun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundNumerous studies suggest a positive association between physical activity and physical fitness in schoolchildren. However, little is known about some neglected forms of physical activity and their associations with physical fitness. This study was conducted via a self-reported questionnaire, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in many regions in China.PurposeThis study explores the associations between participating in sports, muscle-strengthening exercises, and active commuting with self-reported physical fitness assessed by the International Fitness Scale (IFIS).MethodsA total of 3,807 study participants (ages 11–17) from 12 public schools in South-eastern China were recruited, with 2,407 providing valid data on variables for analysis. Study participants were asked to self-report their sociodemographic factors (i.e., sex, grade, age), participation in sports (never, 1–3 times per month, 1–2 times per week, and 3 or more times per week), muscle-strengthening exercise (0–7 days) and active commuting (0–5 days). Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations between sports participation, muscle-strengthening exercise, and active commuting with self-reported physical fitness (comprising general physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed and agility, and flexibility). A total of 2,407 children and adolescents with a mean age of 13.82 (±2.1) years were included in the study's final analysis.ResultsThe study found no significant association between active commuting and physical fitness. Regarding participating in sports and muscle-strengthening exercises, positive, significant associations were found, which showed that a higher frequency of participating in sports and more participation in muscle-strengthening exercises are associated with improved physical fitness.ConclusionThis study offered evidence on the roles of some aspects of physical activity in physical fitness. To promote health in children and adolescents, they should be encouraged to participate in more sports and engage in muscle-strengthening exercises.