bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Attaining CO2 Sequestration with Environmental Integrity
Authors: Peltz Adam , Anderson Scott , Saunders Nichole , Koka Jona , Graham Jenna , Portela Bea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the technical and regulatory considerations essential for the environmental integrity of geological carbon sequestration. In this context, environmental integrity is defined as a site experiencing no CO2 leakage into the atmosphere, no groundwater contamination, and no significant earthquakes. At a time when geological sequestration is increasingly recognized as a necessary building block to the carbon-neutral economy, this paper presents a path towards its achievement with environmental integrity.
The central pillar of the paper delineates sixteen technical recommendations for ensuring environmental integrity, tracking the lifecycle of a CO2 geologic sequestration project. Within the technical realm, special attention is given to topics beyond a site's lifecycle, such as geology types, and CO2 sequestration via enhanced oil recovery. Lastly the paper discusses the governance factors essential to ensuring a legal and regulatory regime that can support these technical considerations. Though the paper draws extensively from US examples, it is designed for global applicability.
These recommendations are rooted in the authors’ combined decades of experience as non-governmental actors in the CO2 sequestration space. Together with a consortium of leading subject matter experts across the United States and Europe, the authors developed the sixteen core recommendations, and used study of regulatory frameworks for geologic sequestration to inform the principles provided.
As the funding, scale, and need for carbon capture projects accelerates dramatically, it is essential that industry and regulators are aligned toward ensuring environmental integrity – the industry's social license to operate, and the climate, will depend on it.
An Innovative and Well-Demonstrated Approach Toward Achieving Zero-Flaring
Authors: Al Hatmi Khalid Hamdan , Al Mashrafi Asa’d Nasser , Shaikh Mohammed Salim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A zero Routine Flaring by 2030 Initiative is one of the major challenges to the conventional oil and gas industry. It is prudent that untraditional solutions should be applied to run the business with a good profitable margin. In this paper, a well-demonstrated gas flaring reduction and recovery approach was developed and proven in one of the major ageing assets operated by Petroleum Development Oman LLC (PDO).
A wide range of concepts were evaluated to substitute, reduce, or recover flare gas for the selected facility which tends to report significant amount of continuous gas flaring and subsequently higher CO2 equivalent emissions and energy intensity. In the substitute option, alternative sources for hydrocarbon fuel gas were analyzed such as the use of Nitrogen for blanketing, purging and compressor seals, and the use of zero gas seals for compressors. In the reduce approach, solutions such as the use of smart process control system in compressor and high-energy intensive units and modified process flow that maximize the recovery of heat are discussed. While the recovery approach explores the AP flare gas recovery and recycling, re-injection, micro turbine, power production and installation gas-to liquid facilities with different products such as NGL, LNG, DME, MeOH. Various parameters were evaluated with respect to the design do-ability, HSE, plant capacity constraints, pollutants control, economic feasibility, and ease of operation.
The selected concept has been further detailed in Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) stage. Combination of flare gas recovery and smart process control techniques approach was used. The total continuous AP gas flaring has been reduced by 98%. In addition, the CO2 equivalent emitted per tonne of HC produced have been reduced from 1.93 to 0.12 tonnes CO2 equivalent per tonnes of Hydrocarbon (120 tonnes per 1000 tonnes HC produced) and greenhouse gas emissions dropped by more than 150%.
The originality of this paper comes from its integrated techno-economic flare reduction screening approach and the demonstration using live plant data through the entire project cycle starting from concept study all the way till detailed engineering design phase. The articulated solutions on this paper could be projected for all similar systems in the oil and gas industry.
Holistic Approach to Reduce Methane Emission by Monetizing Gas Flaring in Oil & Gas Sector
Authors: Saldano Roberto , Zeynalzadeh Natavan , Michelangeli Arnoldo Perez , Khassanin Kamalahasan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is under pressure to reduce GHG emissions from flared gas because large amounts of methane are emitted directly into the atmosphere, having a harmful impact on climate change and is a serious environmental barrier to investors' net-zero goals.
The purpose of this document is to deliver a holistic methodology that covers understanding of flaring size, site by country and within the MENA region, evaluation of proven technologies such as compressing to pipeline (CTP), compressed natural gas (CNG), liquified natural gas (LNG) and gas-to-wire (GTW), processing scheme associated with flaring reduction, Capex and Opex required, the minimum economic flow for each technology, standardized designs of solutions enabling efficient execution, mitigating risks, and measuring the impact of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
High-Throughput Experiments and Kinetic Modeling of Oxidative Coupling of Methane, OCM Over La2O3/CeO2 Catalyst.
Authors: Alturkistani Sultan , Wang Haoyi , Yalamanchi Kiran , Gautam Ribhu , Sarathy Mani 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A reliable dataset covering a parametric space of process conditions is essential for realizing catalyst informatics. A high-throughput screening (HTS) instrument was employed to obtain a parametric dataset to develop a detailed reaction microkinetic model for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over La2O3/CeO2 catalyst. The model was combined with well-validated gas-phase kinetics to describe the interactions between homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction chemistry. Methane and oxygen conversions and selectivities of ethylene, ethane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were measured experimentally in the temperature range of 500-800 °C, CH4/O2 ratio between 3-13, and pressure between 1 to 10 bar. The proposed reaction network consists of 52 irreversible elementary steps describing catalytic reactions between 11 surface species and 123 reversible steps describing the contribution of gas-phase between 25 species. A packed-bed reactor model was developed based on dimensions of experimental setup and catalyst characterization results to account for homogeneous-heterogeneous interactions. The proposed mechanism was tested and validated over a wide range of operating conditions and showed a reasonable fit with an average difference of less than 5% compared to experimentally measured methane conversion and selectivities of ethylene and ethane. Rate-of-production (ROP) and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify main reaction pathways and highlight the important reactions in the OCM.
Advanced Leak Detection Applications for Pipeline Integrity Management Using Vibroacoustic Technology
Authors: Marino Marco , Del Giudice Silvio , Chiappa Fabio , Giunta Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper addresses the integrity monitoring of critical infrastructures as fluid filled transportation pipelines by developing a pilot full scale application of Advanced Leak Detection (ALD) monitoring system.
The objective of the ALD system is to improve performances with respect to single separate LD system, in different scenarios in terms of sensitivity, localization accuracy, and robustness. Three Leak Detection methods have been evaluated which rely on different physical principles, though independent, and could interact with one another through cross-links data at core level.
The Advanced Leak Detection system has been developed over an already existing technological platform based on vibroacoustic sensing, which includes flowmeters, pressure sensors, and accelerometers using acquisition units distributed along the pipeline routing, and processing computers with software suite.
Leak Detection sub-systems are based on i) Advanced Negative Pressure Wave for detection and localization of fluid transients; ii) RTTM-Compensated Mass Balance for detection of imbalance in the fluid mass transportation; iii) Acoustic Noise for detection and localization of existing or slow-opening leaks.
The integration of different Leak Detection sub-systems can take place at various levels: cross-check of measurements, cross-link of computed fluid-dynamic quantities, merge of alarms associated to the same physical event.
The Advanced Leak Detection pilot system has been deployed and validated on liquid fuel transportation pipeline 40 km long, managed by Eni SpA in North Italy.
Several controlled spill-tests (i.e., with distinct size, area, shape), including spillages simulating both short-duration and slow-opening cracks, have been performed in both pumping and shut-in operational conditions to calibrate the ALD system and to assess the performances. The amount of spilled product has been measured for each test by means of a calibrated weight scale.
The ALD system proved to be able to detect and localize both quick and slow-opening leaks with a good sensitivity, specificity, and precision.
In addition, Leak Detection alarms contain estimates of outflow rate and hole size: accuracy and alarm response time are assessed in the paper.
In conclusion, the ALD system has been validated on fuel transportation pipeline by Eni as compliant with the technical requirements and is currently deployed in operations.
The novelty of the pilot ALD system lies in the integration of Leak Detection methods at the core level, that allow to exchange information, calibration and synergically contribute to provide robust, sensitive, accurate and informative Leak Detection alarms.
FDP Business Case to Support Company De-Carbonization Strategy by CO2 Conversion
Authors: Alklih Mohamad Yousef , Peng Hui , Khan Karem Alejandra , Aljneibi Nidhal Mohamed , Deng Xili , Tong Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Finding an environmentally innovative yet a commercially viable solution to meet the growing energy demands is becoming more challenging with time. CO2-EOR forms an integral part of ADNOC's de-carbonization strategy and in view of its reported advantages, a series of CO2 pilot and projects were implemented. Based on the gained experiences, a business case was generated to convert a field from HC-WAG to CO2-WAG; looking for win-win situation for the environment and HC extraction.
The currently implemented development plan relies heavily on HC-WAG injection and has been facing several challenges including, maintaining miscibility conditions and UTC optimization efforts by gas curtailment. In this study, subsurface and surface assessment of alternative field development scenarios was conducted; aiming to convert the field to CO2-WAG. The study was initiated by evaluation of reservoir performance to identify areas for improvement and accelerate the decision making process. This was later incorporated into a dynamic model via diverse set of field management logics to screen wide range of scenarios.
The simulation results were analyzed using standardized approaches where a number of key indicators was cross-referenced to produce optimal field development scenarios with regards to CO2-EOR effect on the reservoir, understanding CO2 efficiency post HC flooding, miscibility conditions, balanced pressure depletion, harmonized sweep as well as robust reservoir engineering ground. The optimal scenarios were assessed with in-house engineering, in line of having strong economic indicators, honoring operational constraints, corporate business plan and strategic objectives.
The study is unique and one of very few cases available in literature to highlight shifting field development with an established history of HC-WAG injection to CO2-WAG. The methodology applied in this study uses an integrated subsurface-surface structured approach to tackle reservoirs challenges related to CO2 Conversion, generate alternative option to showcase the benefits of CO2-EOR as an environmentally friendly solution.
Design and Implementation of an Integrated Ecosystem that Maximizes Engagement and Collaboration Inside and Outside of a Technical Cop in the Most Cost-Effective Way: Lessons Learnt from Multiples Success Stories
Authors: De Sousa Drumond Jose David , Kotsiopoulou Georgia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Implementing effective Knowledge Management strategy can be key elements to enable the continuous creation of value in a transitioning energy market where sustainability, diversity and equity are in the spotlight. This paper presents the blueprint, and approach for deploying KMS solutions embedded in widely spread platform, resulting in an effective community-wide engagement. This manuscript complements SPE-210844-MS which focus on the highly successful and extremely cost-effective, fit-for-purpose Knowledge Hub for training and development.
The current global challenges, and the need for transformation driving our industry, requires the development of new and cost-effective ways for the exchange and support of colleagues located both at office locations and remote field teams. A detailed blueprint identifying the components and interfaces required to link Exchange, Support, and a comprehensive Knowledge Hub was developed. Ice-breaking. A systematic follow-up of pain-points, ideas, and operational issues allowed the materialization of Impacting Knowledge Elements that generated multiple tangible benefits in different operative areas under different contexts.
Navigability, Mesh Interconnection between objects, the selection and deployment of diverse dedicated areas where employees could network and interact across functions and geographical locations, and feel free to exchange and bring forward important technical matters, tackle issues and engage experts and knowledge bases in a diverse, but closely linked, forum areas proved to be highly successful in creating the conditions for substantial exchange and a continuously growing interest for coming back to the platform with a willingness to close the loop on what was being achieved in multiple fronts. The use of Analytical tools, detailed KPIs, and of dashboards to analyze the flow of traffic and the issues of interest allowed to keep the platform relevant and up to date for each of the members in a highly diverse community. The approach utilized by this particular CoP has translated in an average usage and engagement that is in many cases 40x of others technical CoPs deployed in the same period. Multiple success stories have been achieved in the form of operational issues resolved and impacting knowledge put into practice by remote field teams.
The paper explores specific examples of novel and exceptionally successful strategies and elements that were used in the design and implementation of the integrated ecosystem for exchange (while manuscript SPE-210844-MS explores Learning & Development elements). Analytical tools, SME crowdsourcing, lead and moderation, allowed sustained grow indicators include +112% of Active Users, +745% on Traffic/Posts, +52% in Knowledge Contributions.
Graduate Development Programme and Future Skills
Authors: Saleh Al Rashdi Hamood 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People development and continuous improvement has been an instrumental pillar for Petroleum Development Oman. This was strongly evident from PDO's vision "To be renowned and respected for the excellence of our people and the value we create for Oman, and shareholders". Hence ensuring talent pipelines and feedstock has been a continuous journey and improvement since years.
Having said that, with focus on building capabilities for future to sustain and hold the flagship of PDO, in 2013 marks a great millstone forming up solid "PDO Graduate Development Programme" to continue the people development journey of building capabilities and the objective mainly was to ensure feedstock of talents in the pipeline, building future leaders and professionals, equip them with important core technical and commercial skills and competencies in order to reduce time to autonomy.
Given the challenging VUCA world market that is ever changing through different challenging conditions, coupled with challenges on shortage of talents and retention, it becomes critical to reimagine how to develop, retain, sustain, and equip younger professionals with skills that would benefit them now and in the future. Hence, the objective of this paper is present the future ready skills that have been identified and planned as part of the graduate development programme, and the methodology was followed to ensure value adding, sustainability and continuously improving our young professionals in order to contribute to PDO's business and energy shift.
Rapid Detection of Methane Super-Emitters Through Advanced Interpretation
Authors: Chakrabarti Aditi , Dauphin Mathieu , Andrews A. Ballard , Zielinski Lukasz , Rashid Kashif , Yuan Junyi , Speck Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Large methane emissions occur from a wide variety of oil and gas industry sites with no discernable patterns thus requiring methodologies to frequently monitor for these releases throughout the entire production chain. To cost-effectively monitor widely dispersed well pads, we describe a continuous monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to leverage cost-optimized methane concentration sensors permanently deployed at facilities and connected to a cloud-based interpretation platform. A key component of this system is the interpretation methodology linking measurements to the desired answers regarding existence of a methane emission and, if one exists, its location and rate. This paper describes the methodology we have developed and its key improvements. Testing at controlled methane release facilities enabled the validation of the fidelity of the atmospheric dispersion modeling underlying our interpretation along with the interpretation performance in detecting, localizing, and quantifying methane releases.
How Can Digital Technologies Help Companies Overcome the Decarbonization Challenges?
Authors: Cacciari Michele , Singhal Rishabh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The momentum of the energy transition continues to accelerate.
Following the milestone COP26 climate summit in Glasgow, governments worldwide are mandating increasingly aggressive net-zero targets for industry, stating that the world must reduce emissions by 50% by 2030 to avert a climate emergency. Even beyond the regulatory environment, lenders are prioritizing ESG spending and public opinion continues to call for the push towards clean energy. In response to the urgency of decarbonization, the world has undertaken significant efforts to accelerate the energy transition including increasing electrification and exponential investment in renewables and green fuels. Bloomberg research shows that, in 2021 alone, clean energy spending amounted to $755 billion.1
While this may seem to call the long-term future of oil and gas into question, this year's continuing energy crisis has shown that the oil and gas industry will continue to play a central role in the world's energy mix and in the economies of many countries around the world in the years to come. Recent McKinsey research2 estimates that the oil and gas industry's operations directly amount to around 9% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and as a result, the industry must play a central role in leading the march towards decarbonization and in accelerating the energy transition. This is becoming increasingly recognized; the upcoming COP27 and COP28 climate conferences are being held in Cairo and Dubai respectively, the first-time talks are being held in OPEC countries in consecutive years3. The industry has mainly approached this decarbonization challenge with a two-pronged approach: first, decarbonizing current operations, not just on the asset level, but across the value chain; and secondly, efficiently delivering and operating the new facilities that are needed for the energy transition, particularly hydrogen facilities.
Evaluation of Miscanthus Gasification and Oxy-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Removal Potential with Carbon Capture Towards Implementation of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage in England
Authors: Kaiser David , Sakleshpur Shashank , Sarathy Mani , Gautam Ribhu , Khandavilli Murali , Arias Gallego Carolina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) pathways and supply chain designs are researched broadly and implemented for scenarios as of the IEA's (2021) Net Zero by 2050 report. The Committee on Climate Change (2018a, 2018b) has identified Miscanthus as one biomass type to achieve its negative emission goals and aligned one third of 1.2 million hectares under high level and one third of 0.7 million hectares under medium level of ambition (multi-functional land use) for the cultivation of Miscanthus for BECCS in the UK.
In this study the input of 39 t/hr of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass as well as Energy technologies institutes (2015) information on projected distributed BECCS installations in the UK for BECCS were considered to bring up different gasifying agent options for H2 generation through Miscanthus Gasification with pre combustion carbon capture and one configuration for oxy-combustion with post combustion carbon capture for highly efficient power generation. Process simulations with Aspen software were conducted to determine power yields and carbon capture rates of optimized bioenergy with carbon capture value chains, sensitivity analysis were executed in order to optimize the configurations.
The aim of the study was to observe how highest achievable power generation efficiencies of H2 generation through gasification of Miscanthus x giganetus compare with oxy-combustion power generation efficiency and how the different pathways influence the carbon capture efficiency. The aim was to inform BECCS implementation decisions with optimum possible H2 and power generation yields as well as their respective carbon capture potential.
It was found that under oxygen, air and steam as gasifying agents steam is most effective for H2 generation with 3.1 t/hr of H2 produced under a input of 39 t/hr of Miscanthus input, which generates 35,6 MW of power in a simulated H2 turbine. Under simulation assumptions it captures thereby 55,2 t/hr of CO2 with a carbon capture rate of 99%. Oxy-combustion is more efficient than the gasification pathways in regard of power generation, which is 100,4 MW with CO2 capture of 36,6 t/hr with an carbon capture efficiency of 73,8 %.
Concluding oxy-combustion is preferred, if highly efficient power generation is wanted and lower carbon capture rate is accepted thereby. When H2 generation is preferred, steam gasification should be chosen as highest efficient gasification pathway.
The exact numbers of power generation as well as carbon capture can be used now to estimate UKs overall power generation as well as carbon capture potential of Miscanthus x giganteus cultivation under different land use scenarios considering land use change effects and biodiversity.