bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A re‐examination of the mechanism of whiting events: A new role for diatoms in Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA)
Authors: Stanton Chloe , Barnes Ben Davis , Kump Lee R. , Cosmidis Julie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhiting events—the episodic precipitation of fine‐grained suspended calcium carbonates in the water column—have been documented across a variety of marine and lacustrine environments. Whitings likely are a major source of carbonate muds, a constituent of limestones, and important archives for geochemical proxies of Earth history. While several biological and physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onset of these precipitation events, no consensus has been reached thus far. Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA) is a meromictic lake that experiences annual whitings. Materials suspended in the water column collected through the whiting season were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy. Whitings in Fayetteville Green Lake are initiated in the spring within the top few meters of the water column, by precipitation of fine amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) phases nucleating on microbial cells, as well as on abundant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) frequently associated with centric diatoms. Whiting particles found in the summer consist of 5–7 μm calcite grains forming aggregates with diatoms and EPS. Simple calculations demonstrate that calcite particles continuously grow over several days, then sink quickly through the water column. In the late summer, partial calcium carbonate dissolution is observed deeper in the water column. Settling whiting particles, however, reach the bottom of the lake, where they form a major constituent of the sediment, along with diatom frustules. The role of diatoms and associated EPS acting as nucleation surfaces for calcium carbonates is described for the first time here as a potential mechanism participating in whitings at Fayetteville Green Lake. This mechanism may have been largely overlooked in other whiting events in modern and ancient environments.
Loop optimization of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanases for balancing the activity–stability trade‐off through cross‐strategy between machine learning and the B‐factor analysis
Authors: Gao Le , Guo Qi , Xu Ruinan , Dong Haofan , Zhou Chichun , Yu Zhuohang , Zhang Zhaokun , Wang Lixian , Chen Xiaoyi , Wu Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrichoderma reesei endoglucanases (EGs) have limited industrial applications due to its low thermostability and activity. Here, we aimed to improve the thermostability of EGs from T. reesei without reducing its activity counteracting the activity–stability trade‐off. A cross‐strategy combination of machine learning and B‐factor analysis was used to predict beneficial amino acid substitution in EG loop optimization. Experimental validation showed single‐site mutated EG concomitantly improved enzymatic activity and thermal properties by 17.21%–18.06% and 49.85%–62.90%, respectively, compared with wild‐type EGs. Furthermore, the mechanism explained mutant variants had lower root mean square deviation values and a more stable overall structure than the wild type. According to this study, EGs loop optimization is crucial for balancing the activity–stability trade‐off, which may provide new insights into how loop region function interacts with enzymatic characteristics. Moreover, the cross‐strategy between machine learning and B‐factor analysis improved superior enzyme activity–stability performance, which integrated structure‐dependent and sequence‐dependent information.
Iontophoresis in dermal delivery: A review of applications in dermato‐cosmetic and aesthetic sciences
Authors: Liatsopoulou Aikaterini , Varvaresou Athanasia , Mellou Fotini , Protopapa Evangelia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveIontophoresis is defined as the use of electric current to drive molecules across cell membranes through an electrolyte solution. In therapeutic context, it is used to facilitate the administration of bioactive substances, either systemically or locally. The technique presents various advantages and that is why it has been successfully used by a plethora of medical sciences. The constantly developing field of dermato‐cosmetic science has also taken advantage of the possibilities offered by iontophoresis, aiming to enhance the delivery of the applied active ingredients and, thus, induce the desired cosmetic effects.MethodsThe available literature was examined for evidence‐based reports of safe and successful iontophoresis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic substances, in order to explore different iontophoretic applications in the field of dermato‐cosmetic and dermato‐aesthetic sciences.ConclusionIontophoresis can be safely and successfully used in the treatment of ageing, photoageing, hyperpigmentation, oxidative stress, hair loss, hair removal, acne, acne sequelae and cellulite, providing many possibilities for enhanced treatment results.
Neutrophil‐T cell crosstalk and the control of the host inflammatory response
Authors: Bert Serena , Nadkarni Suchita , Perretti Mauro 
Published: November 2022

SummaryWhile fundamental in their innate role in combating infection and responding to injury, neutrophils are emerging as key modulators of adaptive immune responses. Such functions are attained via both soluble and nonsoluble effectors that enable at least two major downstream outcomes: first, to mediate and control acute inflammatory responses and second, to regulate adaptive immunity and ultimately promoting the development and maintenance of immune tolerance either by releasing immuno‐modulatory factors, including cytokines, or by directly interacting with cells of the adaptive immune system. Herein, we review these novel properties of neutrophils and redefine the pathophysiological functions of these fascinating multi‐tasking cells, exploring the different mechanisms through which neutrophils are able to either enhance and orchestrate T cell pro‐inflammatory responses or inhibit T cell activity to maintain immune tolerance.
Distributional robustness and lateral transshipment for disaster relief logistics planning under demand ambiguity
Authors: Wang Duo , Yang Kai , Yang Lixing , Li Shukai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper considers facility location, inventory pre‐positioning and vehicle routing as strategic and operational decisions corresponding to preparedness and response phases in disaster relief logistics planning. For balancing surpluses and shortages, an effective lateral transshipment strategy is proposed to evenly distribute the relief resources between warehouses after the disaster occurs. To handle ambiguity in the probability distribution of demand, we develop a risk‐averse two‐stage distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model for the disaster relief logistics planning problem, which specifies the worst‐case mean‐conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) as a risk measure. For computationally tractability, we transform the robust counterpart into its equivalent linear mixed‐integer programming model under the discrepancy‐based ambiguity set centered at the nominal (empirical) distributions on the observed demand from the historical data. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed DRO model and the value of lateral transshipment strategy by an illustrative small‐scale example. The numerical results show that the proposed DRO model has advantage on avoiding over‐conservative solutions compared to the classic robust optimization model. We also illustrate the applicability of the proposed DRO model by a real‐world case study of hurricanes in the southeastern United States. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed DRO model has superior out‐of‐sample performance and can mitigate the adverse effects of Optimizers' Curse compared with the traditional stochastic programming model.
Genetic patterns of Magnolia in the Lesser Antilles: Stepwise colonisation leading to highly inbred island ‘populations’
Authors: Veltjen Emily , Tamaki Ichiro , Asselman Pieter , Goetghebeur Paul , Samain Marie‐Stéphanie , Larridon Isabel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimIslands are ‘nature's laboratories of evolution’. Most island biogeographical studies have focussed on remote volcanic island chains. Here, we challenge island biogeographical patterns using a slowly evolving recent colonist present on five islands in a nonlinear chronosequence island chain.LocationThe Lesser Antilles (Caribbean).TaxonMagnolia dodecapetala (Magnoliaceae).MethodsGenetic diversity was characterised using Sanger sequencing of 21 individuals amplified for 11 DNA markers, plus microsatellite data of 195 individuals genotyped with 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Sanger sequencing data were used to construct a Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis, while SSR markers were used to run approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) demographic analyses and calculate population statistics.ResultsBoth types of molecular data support stepwise colonisation, decoupled from known island ages. The ABC analyses support a north to south migration while the Sanger sequencing data indicate a mixture of island progression rule and stepping stone dispersal. The SSR data show strong genetic structuring per island and significant inbreeding in all populations except in Saint Lucia. The lowest genetic diversity is found in the population from Saint Vincent. A high amount of genetic linkage occurs in a subpopulation from Dominica.Main ConclusionsBiogeographical patterns in the complex geological setting of the Lesser Antilles are uncovered using a slowly evolving study species. All genetic data support treating each island as distinct Management Units for conservation and call for a re‐evaluation of the species limits. Inbreeding threatens the survival of island populations and the populations of Saint Vincent and Dominica represent conservation priorities.
DNA methylation in clonal duckweed (Lemna minor L.) lineages reflects current and historical environmental exposures
Authors: Van Antro Morgane , Prelovsek Stella , Ivanovic Slavica , Gawehns Fleur , Wagemaker Niels C. A. M. , Mysara Mohamed , Horemans Nele , Vergeer Philippine , Verhoeven Koen J. F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnvironmentally induced DNA methylation variants may mediate gene expression responses to environmental changes. If such induced variants are transgenerationally stable, there is potential for expression responses to persist over multiple generations. Our current knowledge in plants, however, is almost exclusively based on studies conducted in sexually reproducing species where the majority of DNA methylation changes are subject to resetting in germlines, limiting the potential for transgenerational epigenetics stress memory. Asexual reproduction circumvents germlines, and may therefore be more conducive to long‐term inheritance of epigenetic marks. Taking advantage of the rapid clonal reproduction of the common duckweed Lemna minor, we hypothesize that long‐term, transgenerational stress memory from exposure to high temperature can be detected in DNA methylation profiles. Using a reduced representation bisulphite sequencing approach (epiGBS), we show that temperature stress induces DNA hypermethylation at many CG and CHG cytosine contexts but not CHH. Additionally, differential methylation in CHG context that was observed was still detected in a subset of cytosines, even after 3–12 generations of culturing in a common environment. This demonstrates a memory effect of stress reflected in the methylome and that persists over multiple clonal generations. Structural annotation revealed that this memory effect in CHG methylation was enriched in transposable elements. The observed epigenetic stress memory is probably caused by stable transgenerational persistence of temperature‐induced DNA methylation variants across clonal generations. To the extent that such epigenetic memory has functional consequences for gene expression and phenotypes, this result suggests potential for long‐term modulation of stress responses in asexual plants.
Oral Candida and psoriasis: Is there association? A systematic review and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Patini Romeo , Gioco Gioele , Rupe Cosimo , Contaldo Maria , Serpico Rosario , Giuliani Michele , Lajolo Carlo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo assess (i) the prevalence of oral colonization by Candida spp. in patients with psoriasis and (ii) the prevalence of oral lesions associated with Candida spp. in patients with psoriasis and identify the risk factors for oral lesions. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA criteria. The PROSPERO registration code is CRD42019127178. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used as search engines. Meta‐analyses and trial sequential analyses were performed. Among the 5805 retrieved records, nine articles were included. Among 530 psoriatic patients, 255 patients had an oral Candida spp. colonisation with an odds ratio (OR) = 3.44 (95% CI:2.38–5.00). Among 490 psoriatic patients, 43 patients developed oral Candida spp. lesions with an OR = 5.31 (95% CI:1.04–27.23). Among the patients without the main predisposing factors for infections, psoriatic patients had a higher OR (3.48, 95% CI: 2.0–6.0) for Candida spp. colonization, but not for Candida spp. infection, when compared with healthy controls (p‐value > 0.05). Meta‐analysis showed a higher risk of Candida spp. colonisation in patients with psoriasis. Patients who received immunosuppressive therapies were also at higher risk of developing oral lesions. Further studies are needed to understand these associations.
Cold acclimation threshold induction temperatures of switchgrass ecotypes grown under a long and short photoperiod
Authors: Willick Ian R. , Lowry David B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlants can cold acclimate to enhance their freezing tolerance by sensing declining temperature and photoperiod cues. However, the factors influencing genotypic variation in the induction of cold acclimation are poorly understood among perennial grasses. We hypothesized that the more northern upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) ecotype develops a higher degree of freezing tolerance by initiating cold acclimation at higher temperatures as compared with the coastal and southern lowland ecotypes. First, we determined the optimal method for assessing freezing tolerance and the length of exposure to 8/4°C required to induce the maximum level of freezing tolerance in the most northern upland and most southern lowland genotypes. We characterized the maximum freezing tolerance of eight uplands, three coastal and five lowland genotypes grown for 21 days at 8/4°C and a 10 or 16 h photoperiod. Next, we identified the temperature required to induce cold acclimation by exposing the 16 genotypes for 7 days at 20–6°C constant temperatures under a 10 or 16 h photoperiod. Cold acclimation initiated at temperatures 5 and 7°C higher in upland than in coastal and lowland genotypes. Among upland genotypes the shorter photoperiod induced cold acclimation at a 1°C higher temperature. Genotypes originating from a more northern latitude initiate cold acclimation at higher temperatures and develop higher maximum freezing tolerances. An earlier response to declining temperatures may provide the upland ecotype with additional time to prepare for winter and provide an advantage when plants are subjected to the rapid changes in fall temperature associated with injurious frosts.
Stem notching decreases stem hydraulic conductance but does not influence drought impacts and post‐drought recovery in Scots pine and Norway spruce
Authors: Zlobin Ilya E. , Kartashov Alexander V. , Ivanov Yury V. , Ivanova Alexandra I. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tight connection between the deterioration of xylem function and plant mortality under drought is well recognized. However, a lack of mechanistic understanding of how substantial conductivity loss influences plant performance under drought and during post‐drought recovery hinders our ability to model tree responses to drought stress. We artificially induced a loss of 50% of xylem conducting area in Scots pine and Norway spruce saplings by stem notching and investigated plant performance under drought and during post‐drought recovery. Plant mortality, xylem hydraulic conductivity, leaf water status and stomatal conductance were measured. We observed no preferential mortality of top plant parts (above the notches) compared to basal plant parts (below the notches), and no consistent trend in hydraulic conductivity loss was observed between top and basal parts of dying plants. Stem hydraulic conductivity, water status of the needles and stomatal conductance changed similarly between the top and basal parts during drought and post‐drought recovery, which indicated the substantial hydraulic overcapacity of the stems. The recovery of stomatal conductance demonstrated prominent hysteresis due to non‐hydraulic stomatal limitations. The results obtained are highly important for modelling the influence of plant hydraulic impairment on plant performance under drought and during post‐drought recovery.
Alone or together: The role of gender and social context prior to Aha‐experiences
Authors: Skaar Øystein O. , Reber Rolf 
Published: November 2022

Prior research indicates that boys show more interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) than girls do. Given that Aha‐experiences yield positive affect and increase interest, the question arises whether there are gender differences in Aha‐experiences that could help explain the gender differences in interest. Derived from social role theory, we hypothesized that men report having Aha‐experiences alone, whereas women report having Aha‐experiences together with others. In a retrospective survey study comprising three independent samples (N = 899), we conducted chi‐square analyses to explore the relationship of gender, social context (alone; not alone), domain, and situational interest. Across all participants, we found that men were more probably alone and women more probably together with others when they had an Aha‐experience. More fine‐grained analyses revealed that the effect was especially pronounced when the Aha‐experience increased situational interest within STEM or the personal domain. The study suggests that social context played a different role in the occurrence of Aha‐experiences in men and women. We discuss the implications of our findings for STEM instruction at school.
Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Effects of Inlet Guide Vane Mistuning in a Transonic Compressor
Authors: Franke Daniel , Foret Jonas , Klausmann Fabian , Schiffer Heinz-Peter , Giersch Thomas , Becker Bernd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study applies aerodynamic mistuning using different pattern with circumferentially varying stagger angles of the inlet guide vanes. The experimental investigation is carried out at the Transonic Compressor Darmstadt, using a 1.5-stage modern front stage compressor with a BLISK rotor and variable inlet guide vanes as well as extensive instrumentation, both for aerodynamics and aeromechanics. The investigations indicate benefits with respect to NSV and influences on performance as well as steady and unsteady aerodynamics within the compressor stage, e.g. circumferentially varying operating conditions. Thus, the rotor encounters different loading conditions during one revolution, preventing the formation of coherent aerodynamic waves, able to excite and aeroelastically lock with the rotor. The circumferential variation in aerodynamics throughout the compressor stage is determined, both at steady-state and transient operating conditions. Ultimately, the goal is to derive a comprehensive understanding of underlying phenomena and aeroelastic effects, to derive feasible countermeasures for blade vibration.
Simulation of a Safe Start-Up Maneuver for a Brayton Heat Pump
Authors: Oehler Johannes , Tran A. Phong , Stathopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With about 50% of the final energy used as heat in Europe, reducing fossil fuel consumption in this sector is crucial to achieve significant greenhouse gas emission reduction. Heat pumps using renewable electricity can potentially cover the heat demand below 500 °C.
The DLR’s prototype CoBra (Cottbus Brayton cycle heat pump) aims at demonstrating the feasibility of a turbomachine driven closed-loop Brayton cycle heat pump with a thermal output of 200 kW and a heat sink temperature of up to 350 °C. In order to achieve safe operation, transient operation of the heat pump, such as start-up, must be analyzed. Temperature gradients must be kept below a limit, defined mostly by thermal stresses in the heat exchangers. At the same time, compressor surge and resonant frequencies of rotating components must be avoided during transient maneuvers of the system.
In the current work, the heat pump prototype has been modeled with Modelica based on the component geometries and with the use of compressor and turbine maps obtained from 3D CFD simulations. For the start-up of the prototype, a suitable control strategy is developed and analyzed in order to minimize operational risks. Control parameters are compressor shaft speed, secondary mass flows and the turbine bypass.
It is shown that a turbine bypass is necessary to avoid compressor surge during start-up. The conflicting requirements of crossing natural frequencies quickly while ensuring tolerable temperature gradients in the heat exchangers can be met. The results also show that pressure rise delay through volume dynamics is in the order of seconds. Slow transient effects in the evolution of fluid and heat exchanger temperatures arise from the thermal inertia of the heat exchangers.
Numerical Investigation on Regenerative Heat-Driven Cryocoolers for Zero Boil-Off Storage of Liquid Hydrogen
Authors: Luo Jing , Chen Yanyan , Zhang Limin , Sankar Vigneshwaran , Prabhudharwadkar Deoras , Saxena Saumitra , Lacoste Deanna , Roberts William , Luo Ercang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the zero boil-off demand of liquid hydrogen storage tank, this paper uses SAGE software to design and simulate 300 W @ 20 K regenerative heat-driven cryocoolers, verifying the principle feasibility of duplex free-piston Stirling cryocooler and thermoacoustic heat-driven pulse tube cryocooler for the zero boil-off storage of liquid hydrogen. The results show that under the design conditions of mean pressure of 5 MPa, the operating frequency of 50 Hz, the heating temperature of 500°C, and ambient temperature of 30°C, the exergy efficiency of the duplex free-piston Stirling cryocooler can reach 19.4%, while the exergy efficiency of the thermoacoustic heat-driven pulse tube cryocooler is 14.3%. However, because a fixed-parameter harmonic oscillator is used to couple the engine and the cryocooler in the duplex free-piston Stirling cryocooler, it is difficult to achieve multi-condition matching, which makes it very sensitive to changes in operating parameters such as mean pressure and heating temperature. In contrast, the thermoacoustic heat-driven pulse tube cryocooler is completely free of moving parts and has excellent adaptability to the operating conditions. Therefore, the thermoacoustic heat-driven pulse tube cryocooler may be a promising solution in the application field of zero boil-off storage of liquid hydrogen.