bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Torquemeter
Authors: Hively M. W. , Livermore D. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The electromagnetic torquemeter is a dynamometer of the transmission type. A calibrated shaft unit is directly connected in the rotating shaft where the torque is to be measured. This paper describes a slip-ring type of torquemeter in which the small torsional deflections in the shaft unit are measured by electromagnetic-gage elements and associated electrical components to give a continuous direct reading of torque with an accuracy of 1 per cent of full-scale torque. By proper mechanical and electrical design, effects of centrifugal forces and changes in brush resistance are held to negligible values. Several torquemeters of this type are now in use. They cover a range of 250 lb-ft at 8000 rpm to 10,000 lb-ft at 400 rpm. The same general torquemeter principle is readily applicable to much higher torque ranges.
Taking the Mystery Out of the Kadenacy System of Scavenging Diesel Engines
Authors: Schweitzer P. H. , Van Overbeke C. W. , Manson L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The “Kadenacy effect” of the Diesel-engine exhaust is utilized to create a vacuum in the cylinder for introducing the fresh charge. The result of the application of this system is exemplified in tests in 1939, of a converted Junkers opposed-piston engine in which the power was raised from 11 to 25 hp, or an increase of 130 per cent. This was accomplished solely by changing the characteristics of the inlet and exhaust ports and passages in accordance with the Kadenacy patents. However, the theory expounded by the inventor has been subject to question, as the authors explain, and while the results are entirely matters of record, the phenomenon can be accounted for by conventional thermodynamics based upon simple adiabatic expansion. This fact the authors have demonstrated by experiment. The formulas derived check closely with those of Kadenacy but they are based upon a more rational approach to the problem than Kadenacy’s contention that supersonic velocities are involved in the exhaust process.
Peanut-Meal Plywood Glue
Authors: Burnett R. S. , Parker E. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper the results are given of work done at the Southern Regional Research Laboratory in which specifications were established for peanut meal for use in preparing plywood glue. A satisfactory formula has been developed. Joint tests show that the peanut-meal glue meets the requirements established for casein and casein-type glues. Comparisons of peanut-meal glues with other water-resistant glues are made.
Cutting Action of Reamers
Authors: Githens T. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cutting action of reamers resembles in many ways the cutting action of boring tools or twist drills. There is a common misconception that a reamer somehow gets into a hole and then scrapes the hole to size by means of its longitudinal cutting teeth. What really happens is that a reamer, a small amount larger than the hole to be finished, must cut its way into the hole by its entering teeth; and then produce a smoothly finished hole, round, straight, in proper alignment, and as near to the standard reamer size as possible. Reamers are provided with three kinds of clearance, point, peripheral, and longitudinal. Reamers can be made with combinations of positive, negative, and zero radial and axial rakes. The angle of the point and the feed per revolution affect the true rake angle of the cutting edge. Reamers must be kept sharp. The standard reamer made accurately to size and carefully used to produce a standard hole has been the most important factor in interchangeable manufacture. All classes of fit can be made by proper allowance on the shaft and the maintenance of the dependable standard hole produced by the standard reamers. These and other facts concerning reamers are explained in this paper.
Pulsation and Its Effect on Flowmeters
Authors: Lindahl E. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Flowmeter readings are apt to be seriously in error if the fluid flowing through the meter is subjected to rapid recurring variations in velocity or pressure or both. Flow having these variations is thought of as being “pulsating flow.” Much thought has been given to pulsating flow or pulsation and much has been written about it. It is the intention of this paper to bring together some of the results which have been published.
Estimation of the Propagation Time of the Solar Wind Pressure Pulse between a Shock Wave and the Magnetopause Based on Simultaneous Satellite and Ground-Based Observations
Authors: Safargaleev V. V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The propagation of solar wind inhomogeneities through the transition region between the bow shock front and the daytime magnetopause is an important link in the chain of solar-terrestrial connections. We analyzed a unique situation when two THEMIS satellites were near the bow shock during the solar wind pressure pulse, and the favorable location of the ground-based magnetometric equipment made it possible to determine the time of the solar wind impact on the magnetopause with greater accuracy than it was done previously. Based on the measurements, the propagation time of sudden impulse (SI) in the magnetosheath was estimated. The obtained value (~1 min) agrees with model calculations, but turns out to be 2–3 times less than that previously obtained by other authors also from satellite and ground-based observations. The propagation velocity of the solar wind in the magnetosheath (~280 km/s), the displacement velocity of the bow shock front to the Earth (~80 km/s), and the thickness of the magnetosheath at the location of the satellites (2.6–3.9RE) are determined.
PFD-SENTINEL: Development of a screening tool for pelvic floor dysfunction in female athletes through an international Delphi consensus
Authors: Giagio Silvia , Salvioli Stefano , Innocenti Tiziano , Gava Giulia , Vecchiato Marco , Pillastrini Paolo , Turolla Andrea 
Published: December 2022

To develop a screening tool for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in female athletes for use by sports medicine clinicians (eg, musculoskeletal/sports physiotherapists, sports and exercise medicine physicians), which guides referral to a PFD specialist (eg, pelvic floor/women’s health physiotherapist, gynaecologist, urogynaecologist, urologist).Between February and April 2022, an international two-round modified Delphi study was conducted to assess expert opinion on which symptoms, risk factors and clinical and sports-related characteristics (items) should be included in a screening tool. We defined consensus a priori as >67% response agreement to pass each round.41 and 34 experts participated in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, seven general statements were endorsed as relevant by most participants highlighting the importance of screening for PFD in female athletes. Through consensus, the panel developed the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction-ScrEeNing Tool IN fEmale athLetes (PFD-SENTINEL) and agreed to a cluster of PFD symptoms (n=5) and items (risk factors, clinical and sports-related characteristics; n=28) that should prompt specialist care. A clinical algorithm was also created: a direct referral is recommended when at least one symptom or 14 items are reported. If these thresholds are not reached, continuous monitoring of the athlete’s health is indicated.Despite increasing awareness and clinical relevance, barriers to identify PFD in female athletes are still present. The PFD-SENTINEL is a new resource for sports medicine clinicians who regularly assess female athletes and represents the first step towards early PFD identification and management. Further studies to validate the tool are needed.
New sports, COVID-19 and the heat: sports injuries and illnesses in the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics
Authors: Soligard Torbjørn , Palmer Debbie , Steffen Kathrin , Lopes Alexandre Dias , Grek Natalia , Onishi Kentaro , Shimakawa Tomoyuki , Grant Marie-Elaine , Mountjoy Margo , Budgett Richard , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Tokyo Summer Olympic Games from 23 July to 8 August 2021.MethodsWe recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the Tokyo 2020 medical staff.ResultsIn total, 11 315 athletes (5423 women, 48%; 5892 men, 52%) from 206 NOCs were followed up prospectively for the occurrence of injury and illness. NOC and Tokyo 2020 medical staff reported 1035 injuries and 438 illnesses, equalling 9.1 injuries and 3.9 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 9% of the athletes incurred at least one injury and 4% at least one illness. The incidence of injury was highest in boxing (27%), BMX racing (27%), BMX freestyle (22%), skateboarding (21%), karate (19%) and handball (18%), of which both BMX freestyle and skateboarding were new events, and lowest in diving, road cycling, rowing, marathon swimming and shooting (1–2%). Marathon and artistic swimming presented the highest illness incidences (both 8%), followed by skateboarding and karate (both 7%). In the study period, COVID-19 affected 18 athletes, accounting for 4% of all illnesses and 0.16% of all athletes. Exertional heat illness affected 78 athletes (18% of all illnesses, 0.7% of all athletes), the majority (88%) resulting in no time lost from sport.ConclusionOverall, 9% of the athletes incurred an injury and 4% an illness during the Games. Comprehensive countermeasures helped mitigate both COVID-19 and exertional heat illnesses.
The Effect of Lymphangiogenesis in Transplant Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Chen Kai , Mou Rong , Zhu Pengwei , Xu Xiaodong , Wang Han , Jiang Liujun , Hu Yanhua , Hu Xiaosheng , Ma Liang , Xiao Qingzhong , Xu Qingbo 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Transplant arteriosclerosis is a major complication in long-term survivors of heart transplantation. Increased lymph flow from donor heart to host lymph nodes has been reported to play a role in transplant arteriosclerosis, but how lymphangiogenesis affects this process is unknown.

Methods:

Vascular allografts were transplanted among various combinations of mice, including wild-type,
Lyve1
-CreER
T2
;R26-tdTomato,
CAG
-Cre-tdTomato, severe combined immune deficiency,
Ccr2
KO
,
Foxn1
KO
, and
lghm
/
lghd
KO
mice. Whole-mount staining and 3-dimensional reconstruction identified lymphatic vessels within the grafted arteries. Lineage tracing strategies delineated the cellular origin of lymphatic endothelial cells. Adeno-associated viral vectors and a selective inhibitor were used to regulate lymphangiogenesis.

Results:
Lymphangiogenesis within allograft vessels began at the anastomotic sites and extended from preexisting lymphatic vessels in the host. Tertiary lymphatic organs were identified in transplanted arteries at the anastomotic site and lymphatic vessels expressing CCL21 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 21) were associated with these immune structures. Fibroblasts in the vascular allografts released VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), which stimulated lymphangiogenesis into the grafts. Inhibition of VEGF-C signaling inhibited lymphangiogenesis, neointima formation, and adventitial fibrosis of vascular allografts. These studies identified VEGF-C released from fibroblasts as a signal stimulating lymphangiogenesis extending from the host into the vascular allografts.

Conclusions:
Formation of lymphatic vessels plays a key role in the immune response to vascular transplantation. The inhibition of lymphangiogenesis may be a novel approach to prevent transplant arteriosclerosis.
Factors associated with positive cancer screening for the uterine cervix and breast in Jakarta Province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sirait Lady Margaretha Febriany , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Suzuki Yunosuke , Wahyuningsih Endang Sri , Oktavia Dwi , Widyastuti  , Inthaphatha Souphalak , Nishino Kimihiro , Yamamoto Eiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In many middle-income countries, cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing, but data for developing a strategy of cancer control are rarely collected or analyzed. This study aimed to identify factors associated with positive cancer screening for the uterine cervix and breast in Jakarta Province, Indonesia.

Methods
The data of 79,660 women who had visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and 83,043 women who had clinical breast examination (CBE) in the Jakarta Women Cancer Screening program in 2019 were included in this study. Socio-demographic factors, reproductive factors, lifestyle factors, family history, and the results of VIA and CBE were used for analyses. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VIA positive or CBE positive.

Results
The positive rate was 0.9% for both VIA and CBE among the screening participants. Factors associated with VIA positive were age < 30 years old, age at menarche ≤ 11 years old, remarriage, lower educational level, having an occupation, partner’s occupation other than being an employee, alcohol consumption, smoker, inadequate physical activity, cancer family history, and no Pap smear history. Factors associated with CBE positive were age at menarche ≤ 11 years old, widowed, high education, having an occupation, no breastfeeding history, birth control history, alcohol consumption, smoker, inadequate physical activity, cancer family history, and breast tumor history.

Conclusion
Factors associated with VIA positive and CBE positive among Indonesian women were revealed. To promote female cancer prevention in Indonesia, the prevalence of screenings should be increased and education about the risk factors should be provided to medical professionals.
A novel inflammation-nutrition biomarker score for predicting prognosis of patients with cancer: results from a multicenter study
Authors: Xie Hailun , Ruan Guotian , Wei Lishuang , Zhang Heyang , Zhang Qi , Ge Yizhong , Lin Shiqi , Song Mengmeng , Zhang Xi , Liu Xiaoyue , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Xiangrui , Zhang Kangping , Yang Ming , Tang Meng , Deng Li , Shi Hanping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop an innovative inflammation-nutrition biomarker score (INS) system to stratify the prognoses of patients with cancer.MethodsA total of 5,221 patients with cancer from multiple centers in China between June 2010 and December 2017 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. We compared the commonly used inflammation and nutrition biomarkers and selected the most valuable to develop the novel INS system. Survival curves were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test to evaluate the difference in survival rates between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between biomarkers and all-cause mortality.ResultsAs the risk stratification of INS increased (1 to 5), the rate of death for cancer patients gradually increased (25.43% vs. 37.09% vs. 44.59% vs. 56.21% vs. 61.65%,p < 0.001). The INS system was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Patients with both high inflammation and nutrition risk (INS = 5) were estimated to have much worse prognosis than those with neither (HR, 2.606; 95%CI, 2.261–3.003,p < 0.001). Subsequently, the results of randomized internal validation also confirmed that INS system had an ideal effect in identifying adverse outcomes. In addition, the INS system could be used as a supplement to pathological stages in prognosis assessment, and had a higher predictive value in comparison with the constitute biomarkers. Patients with a high INS had less functional ability, reduced quality of life, and were at high risk of malnutrition, cachexia, and poor short-term outcomes.ConclusionThe INS system based on inflammation and nutrition biomarkers is a simple and effective prognostic stratification tool for patients with cancer, which can provide a valuable reference for clinical prognosis assessment and treatment strategy formulation.
Time from symptom onset may influence C-reactive protein utility in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in the NICU
Authors: Borowski Shelley , Shchors Irina , Bar-Meir Maskit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Taking into account the timing of C-reactive protein (CRP) testing may improve the performance of the test in diagnosing bacterial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We aimed to examine the yield of CRP, relative to time from symptoms onset.

Methods
Enrolled were all NICU patients, for whom CRP was obtained as part of a sepsis workup. The time of symptoms onset and of blood draw was recorded. Patients were classified into bacterial and non-bacterial groups according to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) guidelines. The performance of CRP, CRP velocity, and CRP obtained before or after 6 hours from symptoms onset, was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Test characteristics were calculated using formulas based on Bayes’ theorem.

Results
Of 129 infants enrolled in the study, 21(16%) had a bacterial infection. A single CRP test and CRP velocity performed similarly in diagnosing bacterial infection, with area under ROC curve of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.61–0.89) and 0.77 (95% CI:0.66–0.88), respectively. The optimal cut-off value for a CRP test obtained <= 6 hours from symptoms onset was 1 mg/dL, whereas the optimal cut-off > 6 hours was 1.5 mg/dL. Using the optimal cut-off values increased the pre-test probability of 16%, to a post-test probability of 35–38%. For infants whose birth weight was < 1000 g, CRP performed poorly.

Conclusions
The optimal CRP cut-off used in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in NICU patients varies by the time from symptom onset. A “negative” CRP may support a clinical decision to stop empiric antimicrobial therapy, for infants whose blood cultures remain sterile.
A cross-sectional analysis of registry data of severe mental disorders in Fuzhou, China: current status and prospects
Authors: Zheng Fuhao , Lin Yawen , Wei Qinfei , Zeng Zhaonan , Xiong Duanhua , Wu Siying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the proportion of registered cases relative to size, distribution characteristics, medication status, and management status of patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders (SMD) in Fuzhou. The medication status and management status were compared between patients in urban and non-urban areas to provide scientific evidence for improving SMD care, control, and treatment in primary health care institutions.MethodsData (case types, demographic data, distribution data, medication status, and management status, etc.) of patients diagnosed with SMD in 12 districts, counties, and prefectures in the urban and non-urban areas of Fuzhou City were collected from October 2017 to September 2018. Three distributions (population, local, and districts/counties) were used to describe the proportion of registered cases relative to size and clinical characteristics of diagnosed SMD. Chi squared (χ2)test was used to compare the severity in urban and non-urban areas.ResultsA total of 30,362 registered SMD patients were identified in Fuzhou City of which schizophrenia accounted for the highest number of cases (26,204, 86.31%), and paranoid psychosis had the least number of cases (47, 0.15%). Moreover, approximately half of SMD patients were 18 to 44 years old (45.38%). Close to one third of patients were farmers (30.23%), had a primary school or lower education level (54.17%), were poor, with most below the poverty line (55.35%). The proportion of diagnosed SMD relative to size was highest in Minqing County (0.53%) and lowest in Mawei District (0.38%). A total of 22,989 (75.72%) of the patients were taking medications, and only 17,509 (57.67%) were taking medications regularly. Moreover, the percentage of cases taking medications and those taking medications regularly were higher in urban areas than in non-urban areas (P<0.05). A total of 3065 patients were registered for management (10.09%). The managed proportion of SMD cases was higher in the urban areas than in the non-urban areas (P < 0.05).ConclusionSchizophrenia is a key disease for comprehensive care and control of severe mental disorders in Fuzhou. The management of severe mental disorders should focus on poor groups with low educational backgrounds. Drug usage and management are better in urban areas than in non-urban areas, and thus management should be enhanced in non-urban areas. The medication management and case management of patients with severe mental disorders in Fuzhou need further improvements.
Investigating the relationships between concentrated disadvantage, place connectivity, and COVID-19 fatality in the United States over time
Authors: Jing Fengrui , Li Zhenlong , Qiao Shan , Zhang Jiajia , Olatosi Bankole , Li Xiaoming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Concentrated disadvantaged areas have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 outbreak in the United States (US). Meanwhile, highly connected areas may contribute to higher human movement, leading to higher COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study examined the associations between concentrated disadvantage, place connectivity, and COVID-19 fatality in the US over time.

Methods
Concentrated disadvantage was assessed based on the spatial concentration of residents with low socioeconomic status. Place connectivity was defined as the normalized number of shared Twitter users between the county and all other counties in the contiguous US in a year (Y = 2019). COVID-19 fatality was measured as the cumulative COVID-19 deaths divided by the cumulative COVID-19 cases. Using county-level (N = 3,091) COVID-19 fatality over four time periods (up to October 31, 2021), we performed mixed-effect negative binomial regressions to examine the association between concentrated disadvantage, place connectivity, and COVID-19 fatality, considering potential state-level variations. The moderation effects of county-level place connectivity and concentrated disadvantage were analyzed. Spatially lagged variables of COVID-19 fatality were added to the models to control for the effect of spatial autocorrelations in COVID-19 fatality.

Results
Concentrated disadvantage was significantly associated with an increased COVID-19 fatality in four time periods (p < 0.01). More importantly, moderation analysis suggested that place connectivity significantly exacerbated the harmful effect of concentrated disadvantage on COVID-19 fatality in three periods (p < 0.01), and this significant moderation effect increased over time. The moderation effects were also significant when using place connectivity data from the previous year.

Conclusions
Populations living in counties with both high concentrated disadvantage and high place connectivity may be at risk of a higher COVID-19 fatality. Greater COVID-19 fatality that occurs in concentrated disadvantaged counties may be partially due to higher human movement through place connectivity. In response to COVID-19 and other future infectious disease outbreaks, policymakers are encouraged to take advantage of historical disadvantage and place connectivity data in epidemic monitoring and surveillance of the disadvantaged areas that are highly connected, as well as targeting vulnerable populations and communities for additional intervention.