bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effect of Sevoflurane Conditionings Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Trials in in-vivo Models
Authors: Hu Bin , Tian Tian , Hao Pei-Pei , Liu Wei-Chao , Chen Ying-Gui , Jiang Tian-Yu , Xue Fu-Shan 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common and serious complication in clinical practice. Sevoflurane conditionings have been identified to provide a protection against myocardial IRI in animal experiments, but their true clinical benefits remain controversial. Here, we aimed to analyze the preclinical evidences obtained in animal models of myocardial IRI and explore the possible reasons for controversial clinical benefits.MethodsOur primary outcome was the difference in mean infarct size between the sevoflurane and control groups in animal models of myocardial IRI. After searching the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, a systematic review retrieved 37 eligible studies, from which 28 studies controlled comparisons of sevoflurane preconditioning (SPreC) and 40 studies controlled comparisons of sevoflurane postconditioning (SPostC) that were made in a pooled random-effects meta-analysis. In total, this analysis included data from 313 control animals and 536 animals subject to sevoflurane conditionings.ResultsPooled estimates for primary outcome demonstrated that sevoflurane could significantly reduce the infarct size after myocardial IRI whether preconditioning [weighted mean difference (WMD): −18.56, 95% CI: −23.27 to −13.85, P &lt; 0.01; I2 = 94.1%, P &lt; 0.01] or postconditioning (WMD: −18.35, 95% CI: −20.88 to −15.83, P &lt; 0.01; I2 = 90.5%, P &lt; 0.01) was performed. Interestingly, there was significant heterogeneity in effect size that could not be explained by any of the prespecified variables by meta-regression and stratified analysis. However, sensitivity analysis still identified the cardioprotective benefits of sevoflurane conditionings with robust results.ConclusionSevoflurane conditionings can significantly reduce infarct size in in-vivo models of myocardial IRI. Given the fact that there is a lack of consistency in the quality and design of included studies, more well-performed in-vivo studies with the detailed characterization of sevoflurane protocols, especially studies in larger animals regarding cardioprotection effects of sevoflurane, are still required.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Endothelial Function in Aging Healthy Subjects and Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Königstein Karsten , Wagner Jonathan , Infanger Denis , Knaier Raphael , Nève Gilles , Klenk Christopher , Carrard Justin , Hinrichs Timo , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIndividuals with a higher lifelong cardiorespiratory fitness show better vascular health with aging. Studies on fitness-related effects on endothelial function either analyzed samples with a narrow age-range or incompletely assessed endothelial responsiveness. This study aims to assess the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the association of brachial-arterial flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and low flow-mediated vasoconstriction (L-FMC) with age in healthy adults and patients with cardiovascular diseases.MethodsFMD, L-FMC and V.O2peak were prospectively measured in a population-based sample including 360 healthy adults and 99 patients with cardiovascular disease of European descend. Non-linear models were applied to assess V.O2peak-associated variations in age-related differences of endothelial function independent of classical cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsFMD was negatively associated with age in healthy adults (adjusted R2 = 0.27, partial R2 = 0.07, p &lt; 0.001) and in cardiovascular patients (adjusted R2 = 0.29, partial R2 = 0.05, p = 002). L-FMC showed no association with age. In models predicting the change of FMD with higher age, V.O2peak accounted for 2.8% of variation in FMD (χ2(5) = 5.37, p = 0.372, s = 1.43). Thereby, V.O2peak-stratified changes of FMD started to fan out at around 30 years of age in women and 50 years of age in men, with 7–12% lower values at old age with V.O2peak ≤3rd percentile compared to V.O2peak ≥97th percentile) in both, the healthy sample and in cardiovascular patients.ConclusionThe statistical effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on the association of FMD with age independent of classical cardiovascular risk factors was small in both, healthy aging adults as well as patients with cardiovascular diseases. Its clinical significance should be assessed further.
Sutureless Technique for Primary Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Repair: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Lu , Pan Zhengxia , Wu Chun , Shen Lianju , Wu Yuhao 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAn updated meta-analysis was performed to explore the clinical outcomes following the sutureless repair in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and compare outcomes between the sutureless technique and conventional surgery.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Ovid-Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) for relevant published studies that reported the clinical outcomes of the sutureless technique in children with TAPVC was performed in February 2022. The publication language was restricted to English.ResultsEleven studies were included involving 771 patients in total. Following the sutureless technique, the incidences of postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) and reoperations due to PVO were 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3–5.3%] and 1.8% (95% CI, 0.3–3.3%), respectively. The early and late mortality rates were 3.2% (95% CI, 1.0–5.3%) and 2.5% (95% CI, 0.7–4.3%), respectively. Compared with conventional surgery, the sutureless technique significantly reduced the incidences of postoperative PVO [odds ratio (OR), 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08–0.33; P &lt; 0.00001], reoperations due to PVO (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10–0.63; P = 0.003), and early mortality (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21–0.79; P = 0.008). However, no significant difference was found between conventional surgery and the sutureless technique concerning late mortality (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.13–3.00; P = 0.58).ConclusionThe sutureless technique is superior to conventional surgery for the primary repair of TAPVC concerning postoperative PVO, reoperations due to PVO, and early mortality. However, the level of evidence is of low quality. Prospective cohort studies or randomized control trials (RCTs) should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of sutureless techniques for primary TAPVC repair.
Pumice Raft Detection Using Machine-Learning on Multispectral Satellite Imagery
Authors: Zheng Maggie , Mittal Tushar , Fauria Kristen E. , Subramaniam Ajit , Jutzeler Martin 
Published: April 2022

Most of Earth’s volcanic eruptions occur underwater, and these submarine eruptions can significantly impact large-scale Earth systems (e.g., enhancing local primary production by phytoplankton). However, detecting submarine eruptions is challenging due to their remote locations, short eruption durations, lack of sea surface signature (if eruptions do not breach the surface), and the transient nature of the surface manifestations of an eruption (e.g., floating pumice clasts, hydrothermal fluids). We can utilize global satellite imagery of 10–30 m resolution (e.g., Landsat 8, Sentinel-2) to detect new eruptions; however, the large data volumes make it challenging to systematically analyze satellite imagery globally. In this study, we address these challenges by developing a new semi-automated analysis framework to detect submarine eruptions through supervised classification of satellite images on Google Earth Engine. We train our algorithm using images from rafts produced by the August 2019 eruption of Volcano F in the Tofua Arc and present a case study using our methodology on satellite imagery from the Rabaul caldera region in Papua New Guinea. We potentially find a large number of new unreported pumice rafts (in ∼16% of images from 2017–present). After analysis of the spatial pattern of raft sightings and ancillary geophysical and visual observations, we interpret that these rafts are not the result of a new eruption. Instead, we posit that the observed rafts represent remobilization of pumice clasts from previous historical eruptions. This novel process of raft remobilization may be common at near-shore/partially submarine caldera systems (e.g., Rabaul, Krakatau) and may have significant implications for new submarine eruption detection and volcanic stratigraphy.
The Emergence of Rice and Millet Farming in the Zang-Yi Corridor of Southwest China Dates Back to 5000 Years Ago
Authors: Huan Xiujia , Deng Zhenhua , Zhou Zhiqing , Yan Xue , Hao Xiaoxiao , Bu Qi , Lu Houyuan 
Published: April 2022

The Zang-Yi Corridor is of pivotal significance for the interactions between northwest China, southwest China, and mainland Southeast Asia. It has been hypothesized that the formation of mixed farming in this region and its surrounding areas was based on multiple waves of crop dispersal, with foxtail millet and broomcorn millet arriving first from northwest China around 5,300 cal. BP and rice from middle Yangtze valley after 4,700 cal. BP. Based on the systematic sampling and direct dating conducted at the Guijiabao site, Sichuan Province, this study demonstrates that by no later than 5,000 cal. BP, mixed farming had already emerged in the south part of Zang-Yi corridor, which was much earlier than expected before. With this new evidence, it is argued that the transformation into farming in Southwest China was based on the dispersal of a crop package comprising foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, and rice instead of different waves of introduction. A further comparison of all archaeobotanical data in this region revealed that crop patterns varied significantly between different sites because of their diverse environmental conditions.
Influence of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone on In-Situ Stress Field of a Deep Tunnel and its Engineering Effect
Authors: Yuan Dong , Zhang Lanbin , Liu Xiaoling , Feng Tao , Zhang Guangze , Xu Zhengxuan , Wang Zhewei , Yi Xiaojuan , Lin Zhiheng , Ren Yang , Zhang Ru , Ren Li 
Published: April 2022

The in-situ stress distribution near a fault zone is affected by factors such as tectonic movement and rock mass property deterioration, and it often shows unique characteristics and further affects the mechanical response of the rock mass and the safety of underground engineering construction. The Xianshuihe fault zone is one of the most active fault zones in the world. To understand the impact of the Xianshuihe fault zone on a tunnel under construction in southwestern China, the in-situ stress measured near the tunnel site at different distances from the faults of the Xianshuihe fault zone is obtained. Furthermore, the characteristics of the in-situ stress at the tunnel site and its engineering influence effect are analyzed. The results indicate the following: 1) Around the Xianshuihe fault zone, the fault mainly affects the maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress in the shallow strata, and the in-situ stress closer to the fault is more greatly affected. 2) In the shallow area near the Selaha-Kangding fault, the maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress and lateral pressure coefficient at a borehole increase with increasing distance from the fault. Greater than 600 m from the fault, the horizontal stress plays a dominant role. In the deeper strata, the maximum horizontal principal stress, the minimum horizontal principal stress and the lateral pressure coefficient exhibit no obvious change with distance from the fault. 3) According to the inversion of the in-situ stress field and the stress in the tunnel site, the in-situ stress in the tunnel barrel is affected by the depth and the fault. The in-situ stress is higher at greater depths. The in-situ stress is partially released at the fault so that the in-situ stress is relatively low, and the degree of stress decline at different faults is different. 4) Tunnel rockbursts tend to occur in surrounding rock sections with high stress, which are usually located in the middle of a rock mass between two faults. Large deformation mainly occurs in the fault and its influence zone.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Is Not a One-Way Process: Evidence From a Longitudinal Brain Connectivity Study
Authors: Fang Fang , Gong Yu-Jia , Luo Qian , Ge Ren-Bin , Kang Mei , Ma Ming-Ming , Zhang Lei , Mu Di , Yin Da-Zhi , Wang Yu-Fan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction is an important comorbidity of diabetes characterized by brain functional hypo-connectivity. However, our recent study demonstrated an adaptive hyper-connectivity in young type 2 diabetes with cognitive decrements. This longitudinal study aimed to further explore the changes in functional connectivity and cognitive outcomes after regular glycemic control.MethodsAt 18 months after recruitment, participants underwent a second cognitive assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Three enhanced functional connectivities previously identified at baseline were followed up. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to compare the longitudinal changes of cognition and functional connectivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. A linear regression model was used to investigate the association between changes in functional connectivity and changes in cognitive performance.ResultsImprovements in multiple cognitive domains were observed in diabetes; however, the enhanced functional connectivity at baseline decreased significantly. Moreover, the decrease in hippocampal connectivity was correlated with an increase in the accuracy of Stroop task and the decrease in posterior cingulate cortex connectivity was correlated with an increase in Montreal Cognitive Assessment in diabetes.ConclusionThis study suggests diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction is not a one-way process and the early-stage enhancement of brain connectivity was a potential “window period” for cognitive reversal.
Correlation of Cytokine Release Syndrome With Prognosis After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Analysis of 54 Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhao Lina , Wang Jing , Yao Yue , Wang Jiaojiao , Ji Shengwei , Hua Tian , Wang Shiyuan , Cheng Hai , Shi Ming , Li Zhenyu , Zeng Lingyu , Zheng Junnian , Xu Kailin , Cao Jiang 
Published: April 2022

Although chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has proven to be effective in treating relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM), the severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can affect patient survival and the risk factors for CRS remain an intractable issue. We enrolled 54 patients with R/R MM following combined infusion of anti-CD19 and anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR-T cells. The results showed the overall response rate was 94% (51/54) after CAR-T cell infusion, with a 100% incidence of CRS, including 47 patients with grade 1-2 (mild) CRS and 7 patients with grade 3-5 (severe) CRS. In the mild CRS group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 18.2 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 30.1) and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached yet. In the severe CRS group, median PFS and median OS were 1.9 months (95% CI, 0.2 to 3.8). Further analysis demonstrated that severe CRS had a shorter median PFS and OS than mild CRS (p=0.029, p=0.020). Bone marrow tumor burden was found to be independently associated with CRS. The grade of CRS was positively correlated with six serum cytokines levels including G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1a and RANTES. In conclusion, early detection and management of CRS are imperative for the prevention of life-threatening complications and improvement in the survival of patients of CAR-T cell therapy.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-OIC-17011272.
Virological and Clinical Determinants of the Magnitude of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Mild-Symptomatic Individuals
Authors: Pradenas Edwards , Ubals Maria , Urrea Víctor , Suñer Clara , Trinité Benjamin , Riveira-Muñoz Eva , Marfil Silvia , Ávila-Nieto Carlos , Rodríguez de la Concepción María Luisa , Tarrés-Freixas Ferran , Laporte Josep , Ballana Ester , Carrillo Jorge , Clotet Bonaventura , Mitjà Oriol , Blanco Julià 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEvidence on the determinants of the magnitude of humoral responses and neutralizing titers in individuals with mild COVID-19 is scarce.MethodsIn this cohort study of mild COVID-19 patients, we assessed viral load (VL) by RT-qPCR at two/three time points during acute infection, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ELISA and plasma neutralizing responses using a pseudovirus assay at day 60.ResultsSeventy-one individuals (65% female, median 42 years old) were recruited and grouped into high viral load (VL) &gt;7.5 Log10 copies/mL (n=20), low, VL ≤7.5 Log10 copies/mL (n=22), or as Non-early seroconverters with a positive PCR (n=20), and healthy individuals with a negative PCR (n=9). Individuals with high or low VL showed similar titers of total neutralizing antibodies at day 60, irrespective of maximal VL or viral dynamics. Non-early seroconverters had lower antibody titers on day 60, albeit similar neutralizing activity as the groups with high or low VL. Longer symptom duration and older age were independently associated with increased humoral responses.ConclusionsIn mild SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, the duration of symptoms and age (but not VL) contribute to higher humoral responses.
Connectivity of Striped Marlin From the Central North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lam Chi Hin , Tam Clayward , Lutcavage Molly E. 
Published: April 2022

Striped marlin, Kajikia audax, have been in overfished condition in the Western and Central North Pacific, and overfishing is still occurring, prompting an urgent need to devise conservation and management measures based on the best, current information on biology and ecology of this species. Despite conventional tagging efforts off Hawaii, striped marlin movements are not known across the broader Pacific, and little research has been conducted since 2005. To address this gap, 31 popup satellite archival tags (PSAT) were deployed on striped marlin (138-192 cm eye fork length) between 2016 and 2019 via the Hawaii-based longline fleet. To complement tagging efforts, 148 fin clips were also collected for genetic analyses during June-August 2017. Tag attachments ranged from 1-365 days (median = 74), where mechanical failures and non-reporting tags lowered expected data returns. Striped marlin tracks revealed extensive spatial use of the Central Pacific, spanning 15°S to 43°N and 122 to 170°W, showing diverse seasonal dispersal patterns and individual movements, and some coincided in time and space with known spawning grounds. Genetic profiles of 55 Hawaii-landed striped marlin were assigned to two genetic groups: Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii (n = 19), and Hawaii alone (n=36), suggesting the Hawaii-based longline fleet interacted with individuals from multiple populations.A year-long track confirmed migration between the Central North Pacific and Australia (&gt;9,400 km), and combined with genetic results, is the first to document regional connectivity. By combining tools from conventional and electronic tags, biological sampling, and genomic techniques, a more holistic understanding emerges, suggesting that striped marlin should be collectively managed. Under global warming scenarios and changing pelagic ecosystems, integrative knowledge is critical for designing effective management strategies for rebuilding sustainable populations across the Pacific Ocean.
T-Cell Subsets and Interleukin-10 Levels Are Predictors of Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alshammary Amal F. , Alsughayyir Jawaher M. , Alharbi Khalid K. , Al-Sulaiman Abdulrahman M. , Alshammary Haifa F. , Alshammary Heba F. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundMany COVID-19 patients reveal a marked decrease in their lymphocyte counts, a condition that translates clinically into immunodepression and is common among these patients. Outcomes for infected patients vary depending on their lymphocytopenia status, especially their T-cell counts. Patients are more likely to recover when lymphocytopenia is resolved. When lymphocytopenia persists, severe complications can develop and often lead to death. Similarly, IL-10 concentration is elevated in severe COVID-19 cases and may be associated with the depression observed in T-cell counts. Accordingly, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyze T-cell subsets and IL-10 levels among COVID-19 patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the immunodepression observed in COVID-19, and its consequences, may enable early identification of disease severity and reduction of overall morbidity and mortality.MethodsA systematic search was conducted covering PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases for journal articles published from December 1, 2019 to March 14, 2021. In addition, we reviewed bibliographies of relevant reviews and the medRxiv preprint server for eligible studies. Our search covered published studies reporting laboratory parameters for T-cell subsets (CD4/CD8) and IL-10 among confirmed COVID-19 patients. Six authors carried out the process of data screening, extraction, and quality assessment independently. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effect model was performed for this meta-analysis, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each parameter.ResultsA total of 52 studies from 11 countries across 3 continents were included in this study. Compared with mild and survivor COVID-19 cases, severe and non-survivor cases had lower counts of CD4/CD8 T-cells and higher levels of IL-10.ConclusionOur findings reveal that the level of CD4/CD8 T-cells and IL-10 are reliable predictors of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The study protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number CRD42020218918.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020218918, identifier: CRD42020218918.