bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Polycyclic Quinazolinones through C(sp3)−H Functionalization of Inert Alkanes or Visible‐Light‐Promoted Oxidation Decarboxylation of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Kang , Li Jiao‐Zhe , Zhang Can‐Can , Zhang Jian , Zheng Yan‐Nan , Hu Yufang , Li Ting , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo novel C(sp3)−H functionalization of inert alkanes and visible‐light promoted oxidation decarboxylation of N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters to access polycyclic quinazolinones have been described. These methods do not involve metal catalysts and are carried out in water or water/DMSO media. The wide substrate scope, even including the seven‐membered ring under mild reaction conditions, demonstrate the practicability of these strategies.
Identification of the thermal conductivity tensor for transversely isotropic materials
Authors: Tröger Jendrik‐Alexander , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe knowledge of the thermal conductivities is of particular interest for the thermo‐mechanical modeling of transversely isotropic composite materials. Hence, the identification of these material parameters by solving an inverse problem is significant, as they cannot be directly measured. In this study, a suitable experimental setup is presented, where infrared thermography is used to measure the surface temperatures of thin specimens. Further, a local identifiability concept is employed to study whether locally unique parameters can be obtained. This leads to a particular step‐wise identification concept. The parameter identification is performed applying a nonlinear least‐square approach and finite elements. In the step‐wise identification process the convection coefficient is required first, and, subsequently, the coefficients of the thermal conductivity tensor are determined. Due to the step‐wise identification, the uncertainties of previously identified parameters have to be considered in the subsequent identification steps. The resulting uncertainties are estimated using the Gaussian error propagation concept. It turns out that the thermal conductivities of transversely isotropic materials are generally identifiable from surface temperature data. Furthermore, since all uncertainties have an essential influence on the results of real numerical simulations, their error propagation should be considered in resulting boundary‐value problems. Thus, the uncertainty quantification is demonstrated by a validation experiment.
CeO2 Nanoparticles Seed Priming Increases Salicylic Acid Level and ROS Scavenging Ability to Improve Rapeseed Salt Tolerance
Authors: Khan Mohammad Nauman , Li Yanhui , Fu Chengcheng , Hu Jin , Chen Linlin , Yan Jiasen , Khan Zaid , Wu Honghong , Li Zhaohu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil salinity is a major issue limiting efficient crop production. Seed priming with nanomaterials (nanopriming) is a cost‐effective technology to improve seed germination under salinity; however, the underlying mechanisms still need to be explored. Here, polyacrylic acid coated nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles) (PNC, 9.2 nm, −38.7 mV) are synthesized and characterized. The results show that under salinity, PNC priming significantly increases rapeseed shoot length (41.5%), root length (93%), and seedling dry weight (78%) compared to the no‐nanoparticle (NNP) priming group. Confocal imaging results show that compared with NNP group, PNC priming significantly reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in leaf (94.3% of H2O2, 56.4% of •O2−) and root (38.4% of H2O2, 41.3% of •O2−) of salt stressed rapeseed seedlings. Further, the results show that compared with the NNP group, PNC priming not only increases salicylic acid (SA) content in shoot (51.3%) and root (78.4%), but also upregulates the expression of SA biosynthesis related genes in salt stressed rapeseed. Overall, PNC nanopriming improved rapeseed salt tolerance is associated with both the increase of ROS scavenging ability and the increase of salicylic acid. The results add more information to understand the complexity of mechanisms behind nanoceria priming improved plant salt tolerance.
Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor type D antagonism improves portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Gunarathne Lakmie S. , Rajapaksha Indu G. , Casey Stephen , Qaradakhi Tawar , Zulli Anthony , Rajapaksha Harinda , Trebicka Jonel , Angus Peter W. , Herath Chandana B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Splanchnic vasodilatation contributes to the development and aggravation of portal hypertension (PHT). We previously demonstrated that in cirrhosis, angiotensin‐ mediates splanchnic vasodilatation through the Mas receptor (MasR). In this study, we investigated whether the recently characterized second receptor for angiotensin‐(1–7), Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor type D (MrgD), contributes to splanchnic vasodilatation in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic PHT. Splanchnic vascular hemodynamic and portal pressure were determined in two rat models of cirrhotic PHT and a rat model with noncirrhotic PHT, treated with either MrgD blocker D‐Pro7‐Ang‐(1‐7) (D‐Pro) or MasR blocker A779. Gene and protein expression of MrgD and MasR were measured in splanchnic vessels and livers of cirrhotic and healthy rats and in patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects. Mesenteric resistance vessels isolated from cirrhotic rats were used in myographs to study their vasodilatory properties. MrgD was up‐regulated in cirrhotic splanchnic vessels but not in the liver. In cirrhotic rats, treatment with D‐Pro but not A779 completely restored splanchnic vascular resistance to a healthy level, resulting in a 33% reduction in portal pressure. Mesenteric vessels pretreated with D‐Pro but not with A779 failed to relax in response to acetylcholine. There was no splanchnic vascular MrgD or MasR up‐regulation in noncirrhotic PHT; thus, receptor blockers had no effect on splanchnic hemodynamics. Conclusion: MrgD plays a major role in the development of cirrhotic PHT and is a promising target for the development of novel therapies to treat PHT in cirrhosis. Moreover, neither MrgD nor MasR contributes to noncirrhotic PHT.
Sex and External Size Specific Limitations in Assessing Bone Health From Adult Hand Radiographs
Authors: Bigelow Erin M.R. , Goulet Robert W. , Ciarelli Antonio , Schlecht Stephen H. , Kohn David H. , Bredbenner Todd L. , Harlow Sioban D. , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie A. , Jepsen Karl J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTMorphological parameters measured for the second metacarpal from hand radiographs are used clinically for assessing bone health during growth and aging. Understanding how these morphological parameters relate to metacarpal strength and strength at other anatomical sites is critical for providing informed decision‐making regarding treatment strategies and effectiveness. The goals of this study were to evaluate the extent to which 11 morphological parameters, nine of which were measured from hand radiographs, relate to experimentally measured whole‐bone strength assessed at multiple anatomical sites and to test whether these associations differed between men and women. Bone morphology and strength were assessed for the second and third metacarpals, radial diaphysis, femoral diaphysis, and proximal femur for 28 white male donors (18–89 years old) and 35 white female donors (36–89+ years old). The only morphological parameter to show a significant correlation with strength without a sex‐specific effect was cortical area. Dimensionless morphological parameters derived from hand radiographs correlated significantly with strength for females, but few did for males. Males and females showed a significant association between the circularity of the metacarpal cross‐section and the outer width measured in the mediolateral direction. This cross‐sectional shape variation contributed to systematic bias in estimating strength using cortical area and assuming a circular cross‐section. This was confirmed by the observation that use of elliptical formulas reduced the systematic bias associated with using circular approximations for morphology. Thus, cortical area was the best predictor of strength without a sex‐specific difference in the correlation but was not without limitations owing to out‐of‐plane shape variations. The dependence of cross‐sectional shape on the outer bone width measured from a hand radiograph may provide a way to further improve bone health assessments and informed decision making for optimizing strength‐building and fracture‐prevention treatment strategies. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Removal of Cr(VI) by a simply prepared biochar‐supported nanoscale zero‐valent iron
Authors: Cao Chun‐Yan , Chen Si‐Lin , Wan Xin , Wang Min , Song Zhi‐Guo , Zhao Shuang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCr(VI) is highly migratory and toxic, and long‐term exposure to Cr(VI) is likely to cause cancer, teratogenesis and mutagenicity. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) in polluted wastewater is the key to ensure the safety of water quality. In this study, a composite material consisting of nanoscale zero‐valent iron (NZVI) particles supported on biochar derived from starch (NZVI/BC) was prepared via carbonizing the mixture of starch and ferric nitrate in inert gas and used for removal of Cr(VI) from solution. The effects of NZVI/BC dosage, initial pH and reaction temperature on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were investigated.RESULTSThe results revealed that H2 and CH4 originating from the decomposition of starch acted as reducing agents for in situ generation of NZVI from Fe precursors. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was strongly dependent on dosage, pH and reaction temperature. Higher dosage, lower pH value and higher temperature led to an increase in Cr(VI) removal efficiency. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetics was suitable to describe the process of Cr(VI) removal by NZVI/BC.CONCLUSIONSNZVI/BC could be a potential and effective material for removal of Cr(VI) from solution. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparison between using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk scores and the HCC national guideline to identify high‐risk chronic hepatitis B patients for HCC surveillance in Thailand
Authors: Rattananukrom Chitchai , Kitiyakara Taya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients is currently based on age/sex/cirrhosis, uses ultrasound abdomen every 6–12 months, and is a resource burden. HCC risk scores have been developed to classify HCC risk for surveillance. The number of HBV patients needing surveillance when HCC risk scores are used may be different from the current recommendation with implications on the resources needed for HCC surveillance.MethodsHBV patients from the liver clinic were included and classified as non‐cirrhotic/cirrhotic and untreated/treated for analysis. Each subgroup was analyzed using REACH‐B, CU‐HCC, LSM‐HCC, GAG‐HCC, and mPAGE‐B risk scores as appropriate. The change in the number of patients needing HCC surveillance using the above risk scores was calculated.ResultsSeven‐hundred and thirteen HBV patients were included, of whom 361 (50.6%) were male with mean age 55.43 years, and 76 (10.7%) had cirrhosis. In the untreated, non‐cirrhotic subgroup, the percentage change of patients needing HCC surveillance was −69.5, −58.9, −58.8, and −54.1% when GAG‐HCC, LSM‐HCC, CU‐HCC, and REACH‐B were used compared to traditional criteria, respectively. In the treated, non‐cirrhotic subgroup, the percentage change of patients needing HCC surveillance decreased by −80, −75.2, −75.2, and −2.8% when GAG‐HCC, CU‐HCC, REACH‐B, and mPAGE‐B were used, respectively. For the cirrhotic group, HCC risk scores did not make much difference.ConclusionThe use of HCC risk scores in non‐cirrhotic HBV patients reduced the number of patients needing surveillance greatly. HBV cirrhotic patients should have HCC surveillance without the need for risk score calculation. Patients with a family history of HCC should undergo surveillance until proven unnecessary in prospective trials.
Outcomes of pancreatic cancer with liver oligometastasis
Authors: Takeda Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Takashi , Okamoto Takeshi , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Matsuyama Masato , Ozaka Masato , Inoue Yosuke , Takahashi Yu , Saiura Akio , Sasahira Naoki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver oligometastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) may have favorable outcomes. This study aims to evaluate outcomes and factors associated with overall survival (OS) of these patients.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated consecutive PC patients with liver metastasis treated at our institution between 2013 and 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared and analyzed according to the extent of liver metastasis. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors for OS.ResultsA total of 417 patients were included (multi‐organ metastasis/polymetastasis/oligometastasis 174/158/85). Oligometastasis showed a longer OS compared to other types of metastases (7.7 vs 8.2 vs 13.1 months). Age <70 years, performance status of 0, modified Glasgow prognostic score of 0, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 <1000 U/mL were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS. A prognostic index consisting of these four factors successfully stratified the prognosis of these patients (prognostic index; high vs low, 19.9 vs 8.3 months). Highly selected patients who underwent surgical resection showed a median OS of 54.6 months.ConclusionsOligometastasis presented a relatively favorable outcome. Our new prognostic index was useful in stratifying the prognosis of these patients. Multimodal treatment including surgery may have additional survival benefits for highly selected patients.
Macrophage orchestration of epithelial and stromal cell homeostasis in the intestine
Authors: Cao Qian , Mertens Randall Tyler , Sivanathan Kisha Nandini , Cai Xuechun , Xiao Peng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem where numerous cell types of epithelial, immune, neuronal, and endothelial origin coexist in an intertwined, highly organized manner. The functional equilibrium of the intestine relies heavily on the proper crosstalk and cooperation among each cell population. Furthermore, macrophages are versatile, innate immune cells that participate widely in the modulation of inflammation and tissue remodeling. Emerging evidence suggest that macrophages are central in orchestrating tissue homeostasis. Herein, we describe how macrophages interact with epithelial cells, neurons, and other types of mesenchymal cells under the context of intestinal inflammation, followed by the therapeutic implications of cellular crosstalk pertaining to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) gene contents: Are they associated with cervical cancer?
Authors: Tembhurne Alok K. , Maheshwari Amita , Warke Himangi , Chaudhari Hemangi , Kerkar Shilpa C. , Deodhar Kedar , Rekhi Bharat , Mania‐Pramanik Jayanti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKiller cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) are required for natural killer cell function against virus‐infected cells or tumor cells. KIR gene content polymorphisms in Indian women with cervical cancer (CaCx) remain unexplored. Hence, we analyzed the frequencies of KIR genes, KIR haplotypes, and Bx subsets to draw their association with CaCx. The polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific primer method was used for KIR genotyping in three groups of women: healthy controls (n = 114), women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (n = 70), and women with CaCx (n = 120). The results showed that the frequency of KIR2DS5 was significantly higher in women with CaCx compared to women with HPV infection (p = 0.02) and healthy controls (p = 0.01). Whereas the frequency of KIR2DL5B was significantly higher in healthy controls than in women with HPV infection (p = 0.02). The total number of activating KIR genes was higher in women with CaCx than in healthy controls (p = 0.006), indicating their positive association with CaCx. Moreover, the C4T4 subset was higher in women with CaCx than in women with HPV infection, though not significant. In conclusion, our findings highlight KIR2DS5, the C4T4 subset, and activating KIR genes are susceptible factors or positively associated with CaCx. Besides KIR2DL5B, this study also reported for the first time significantly high frequency of KIR2DL1 in healthy controls, indicating its possible protective association against CaCx. Further, significantly high frequency of KIR2DL3 observed in HPV‐infected women might be also a promising biomarker for viral infections. Thus, the study confirms the association of KIR genes with cervical cancer in women with HPV infection.
An analysis of nonnutritive calories from propofol, dextrose, and citrate among patients who are critically ill that are receiving continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Li Priscilla , Huang Yingxiao , Wong Alvin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPropofol, dextrose, and citrate infusions are necessary treatment modalities in the intensive care units (ICUs). They are, however, a potential source of nonnutritive calories (NNCs), which may cause overfeeding and adverse complications. The literature surrounding the role of NNCs is limited. We aimed to examine the energy contribution of NNCs. Our secondary aim is to assess the nutrition impact of NNCs, especially among patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).Materials/MethodsWe enrolled 177 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to medical‐surgical ICUs from August to December 2019. Patients were monitored over the first 7 days of admission. Infusion rates of enteral nutrition/parenteral nutrition and NNCs, as well as clinical characteristics, were examined. Patients receiving CRRT were compared with those without.ResultsIn total, 24% of patients additional energy from citrate. Patients received a maximum of 331 kcal from citrate, 492 kcal from propofol, and 992 kcal from dextrose per ICU day. CRRT group achieved higher total energy on the first 2 days (day 1: 55.1% vs 46.4%,P = 0.008; day 2: 73.2% vs 55.4%,P = 0.025). They also received higher mean NNCs on all days, except for day 1 (P = 0.068).ConclusionNNCs, especially citrate, are significant sources of energy. Patients receiving CRRT were more likely to be malnourished. There should be close monitoring and adaption of energy prescription accordingly to prevent overfeeding.
Nasogastric bridles are associated with improved tube‐related outcomes in children
Authors: Lavoie Julie Ann , Schindler Christine , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Bagli Sravya Patil , McCarthy Donna O. , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare tube‐related outcomes in children with standard tape vs nasal bridle securement of nasogastric tubes (NGTs).Study DesignThis was a single‐center, retrospective, correlational study of outcomes from the time of NGT placement until full oral feeds or durable‐tube placement. Outcomes of interest included NGT dislodgments, length of stay, emergency department (ED) encounters, radiographic exposures, and adverse skin outcomes. Negative binomial regression and logistic regression were used to analyze differences between groups.ResultsFive hundred eighty‐two children had NGTs secured traditionally (43% female; age at therapy initiation of 2.6 months [SD 8.1]), and 173 received nasal bridles (55.5% female; age at therapy initiation of 8.4 months [SD 11.8]). Children with bridled NGTs were 16.67 times less likely to experience one or more dislodgments (odds ratio [OR] = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.04–0.09); 2.5 times less likely to have one more ED visit (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.19–0.82), and 4.76 times less likely to require one more radiographic exposure (OR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.14–0.33) than unbridled children (all P values < 0.02). The mean initial hospital length of stay was 28 and 54 days in the bridled‐NGT and standard‐care groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Overall, 62.4% children with bridled NGTs and 77.1% children with unbridled NGTs progressed to full oral feedings and discontinued therapy (P < 0.001). Adverse skin outcomes were rare in both groups.ConclusionChildren with bridled NGTs experienced fewer dislodgments, hospital days, ED encounters, and radiographic exposures than unbridled NGTs. Most children in both groups progressed to full oral feedings.
Cover Image
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hui , Lee Eun‐Seon , Kim Bu‐Min , Ham Jun‐Sang , Oh Mi‐Hwa 
Published: May 2022

The cover image is based on the Research Article Broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity of cinnamoyl esterase‐producing Lactobacilli and their application in fermented rice bran by Mi‐Hwa Oh et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11654image
Integrated Subwavelength Gratings on a Lithium Niobate on Insulator Platform for Mode and Polarization Manipulation
Authors: Han Xu , Chen Li , Jiang Yongheng , Frigg Andreas , Xiao Huifu , Nguyen Thach Giang , Boes Andreas , Yang Jianhong , Ren Guanghui , Su Yikai , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits, with a fast‐growing toolbox of components. This paper proposes, designs, and experimentally demonstrates compact subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides on an LNOI platform for on‐chip mode and polarization manipulation. To overcome the limitation of waveguide fabrication, the SWGs are designed and formed on a silicon nitride thin film deposited onto the surface of LNOI chip. As proof‐of‐concept devices, the SWG‐based spatial mode filters (including a TE1‐mode‐pass filter and a TE2‐mode‐pass filter) and a TM‐pass polarizer are fabricated successfully on the same chip, with the device lengths of only ≈50 μm. The measured insertion losses for the devices are lower than 3.1 dB, with high extinction ratio larger than 30 dB, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed and demonstrated SWGs can serve as important building blocks in a series of mode and polarization handling devices for LNOI integrated photonics.