bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learnt from two decades of international environmental agreements: law
Authors: Sand Peter H. , McGee Jeffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs Patricia Birnie cautiously and prophetically put it in the inaugural issue of this journal (INEA 1, January 2001, p. 74), “we do not know whether States and the tentative regimes they have so far established can withstand the pressures of globalization of trade and degradation and over-exploitation generated by advances in technologies for locating, fertilizing, harvesting, processing and modifying natural resources and biodiversity. This is trulyterra incognitain which such seeds of destruction may already be implanted.” Among the 600 or so papers and reviews published in INEA from 2001 to 2020, more than 70 deal wholly or partly with legal aspects of environmental problems and the international dimensions of environmental justice. While the main focus of INEA has been on issues ofpublic international (inter-state) law, there have also been important inputs drawn fromcomparativelegal analysis (of national legislation and judicial decisions) and from“transnational administrative law”that influence the effectiveness of multilateral treaties and their associated international institutions. Novel concepts and practices emerging from the environmental field (such as recourse to a range of “soft law” principles; flexible delegated standard-setting in the face of global change; and equitable differentiation of compliance duties) have inspired developments in related areas of contemporary international law-making and law-applying. At the same time, the very proliferation of multilateral and bilateral environmental instruments raised new questions and expressions of alarm over “treaty congestion” and “fragmentation” within the international law system. It is not the intention of this paper to explore the general interaction of international environmental law with neighboring disciplines such as international economic law or human rights law, but simply to record the “seismographic” impact of INEA on legal-intellectual discourse over these past two decades. To some extent, the role of the Journal in identifying both new prospects and new risks in this field could indeed be likened to that of a “canary in the coal-mine.” The lessons so learnt may thus offer new insights to help in averting the destruction which Birnie visualized, and to advance inter-generationally and intra- generationally shared values of environmental justice.
Glaucoma surgery during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Longo Rosa , Franzolin Elia , Pedrotti Emilio , Fasolo Adriano , Bonacci Erika , Marchini Giorgio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To summarize the actions taken to give continuity to the surgical treatment of glaucoma patients and to present the volume and characteristics of glaucoma surgery in the first year of pandemic at the Tertiary Glaucoma Center of the University Hospital of Verona (Veneto, Italy).

Methods
Demographical and surgical features of patients who underwent glaucoma surgery from March 9th, 2020 to March 8th, 2021 have been collected and compared to the same date range of the previous year. The analyzed data included age, gender, region of origin, glaucoma staging, type of anesthesia and surgical procedure.

Results
The surgical volume of glaucoma has dropped by 30.1%. In comparison with the previous year, we found a significant variation in the overall distribution of the performed surgical procedures (p < 0.001). There was a decline in Baerveldt tube implants (− 4.9%), and an increase of non-penetrating surgery (+ 2.6%), cyclo-photo ablative procedures (+ 4.2%) and MIGS (+ 5.7%). Only 24.3% of the procedures were performed under general anesthesia compared to 41.5% in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). The number of procedures performed on eyes affected by advanced or end-stage glaucoma is doubled (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
To give continuity to glaucoma surgery, we prioritized interventions on patients with poorer visual fields, rapidly progressing visual field deficit and elevated IOP uncontrolled by maximal medical therapy. Secondly, we have rescheduled the other interventions following the same priority criteria. Finally, we managed some lower priority cases with MIGS, minimizing the need for close post-intervention follow-up. Considering the negative consequences that a delay in the management of glaucoma can have in terms of visual loss, the closure of the operating rooms in the first quarter of the pandemic was detrimental. It appears that glaucoma surgery deserves urgencies that cannot be overshadowed and the greatest effort must be to give continuity to this type of eye surgery.
Theorising post-truth in the COVID era
Authors: Nally David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe focus of this article is on the impacts of COVID-19 related manifestations of post-truth in educational settings in Australia. Within this context, there has been a reorientation of how wellbeing and academic achievement within schools reflect on broader trends within the general public, at local, state and national scales. Individual and communal experiences of adversity have been significantly impacted by phenomena associated with post-truth, particularly misinformation, a climate of anti-intellectualism, as well as fragmented socio-cultural cohesion. In the first section I explore these trends by providing an overview of how post-truth has been construed in Australian contexts, before moving to consider how engagements with post-truth have been shaped by the pandemic. Second, I analyse the close link between educational concerns that emerged from the pandemic era, and the circumstances that have supported the emergence of post-truth. Particular attention will be paid to debates over ‘learning loss’ and the place of teachers within Australian communities as a fulcrum for generating cultural capital and social cohesion. In the final section I consider what lessons these experiences have for education, as a way of cultivating learning communities that are oriented towards generating critical and digital literacy skills
Hybrid prediction-optimization approaches for maximizing parts density in SLM of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy
Authors: Costa A. , Buffa G. , Palmeri D. , Pollara G. , Fratini L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the processing parameters of selective laser melting (SLM) highly influence mechanical and physical properties of the manufactured parts. Also, the energy density is insufficient to detect the process window for producing full dense components. In fact, parts produced with the same energy density but different combinations of parameters may present different properties even under the microstructural viewpoint. In this context, the need to assess the influence of the process parameters and to select the best parameters set able to optimize the final properties of SLM parts has been capturing the attention of both academics and practitioners. In this paper different hybrid prediction-optimization approaches for maximizing the relative density of Ti6Al4V SLM manufactured parts are proposed. An extended design of experiments involving six process parameters has been configured for constructing two surrogate models based on response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively. The optimization phase has been performed by means of evolutionary computations. To this end, three nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have been integrated with the prediction modelling structures. A series of experimental tests has been carried out to validate the results from the proposed hybrid optimization procedures. Also, a sensitivity analysis based on the results from the analysis of variance was executed to evaluate the influence of the processing parameter and their reciprocal interactions on the part porosity.
Performance of the bispectral index and electroencephalograph derived parameters of anesthetic depth during emergence from xenon and sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: McGuigan Steven , Scott David A. , Evered Lisbeth , Silbert Brendan , Liley David T. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany processed EEG monitors (pEEG) are unreliable when non-GABAergic anesthetic agents are used. The primary aim of the study was to compare the response of the Bispectral Index (BIS) during emergence from anesthesia maintained by xenon and sevoflurane. To better understand the variation in response of pEEG to these agents, we also compared several EEG derived parameters relevant to pEEG monitoring during emergence. Twenty-four participants scheduled for lithotripsy were randomized to receive xenon or sevoflurane anesthesia. Participants were monitored with the BIS and had simultaneous raw EEG collected. BIS index values were compared at three key emergence timepoints: first response, eyes open and removal of airway. Two sets of EEG derived parameters, three related to the BIS: relative beta ratio, SynchFastSlow and SynchFastSlow biocoherence, and two unrelated to the BIS: spectral edge frequency and the composite cortical state, were calculated for comparison. BIS index values were significantly lower in the xenon group than the sevoflurane group at each emergence timepoint. The relative beta ratio parameter increased significantly during emergence in the sevoflurane group but not in the xenon group. The spectral edge frequency and composite cortical state parameters increased significantly in both groups during emergence. The BIS index is lower at equivalent stages of behavioural response during emergence from xenon anesthesia when compared to sevoflurane anesthesia, most likely due to differences in how these two agents influence the relative beta ratio. The spectral edge frequency and composite cortical state might better reflect emergence from xenon anaesthesia.Clinical trial number and registry Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: ACTRN12618000916246.
Anaphoric Pronouns and the Computation of Prominence Profiles
Authors: Tomaszewicz-Özakın Barbara , Schumacher Petra B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research has investigated anaphoric resolution at the anaphor. Using a self-paced reading study we show that prominence profiles, i.e. the ranking of the referential candidates for anaphoric resolution, are dynamically established as discourse unfolds. We compared four types of context sentences introducing two referents and found that the cost of the computation of the prominence profile depends on the alignment of prominence-lending features, namely ‘left edge’, ‘agent’, ‘subject’. Cost occurs as referents become available. Further downstream, we contrasted two types of pronouns in German, personal pronoun vs. demonstrative pronoun. By the time the pronoun is encountered, profile computation is already complete, as indicated by the lack of interaction between context and pronoun type. An effect of pronoun reveals that resolution is driven by the form-dependent strength with which an interpretation is obtained (demonstrative pronouns being more stable than personal pronouns). The results also indicate that two prominence-lending features – subjecthood and agentivity – compete with each other.
Intention to Stop Bullying following a Condemning, Empathy-Raising, or Combined Message from a Teacher – Do Students’ Empathy and Callous-Unemotional Traits Matter?
Authors: Johander Eerika , Trach Jessica , Turunen Tiina , Garandeau Claire F. , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKnowing which intervention strategies work best and for which student is essential for teachers when they intervene in cases of bullying. The effects of teachers’ (1) condemning, (2) empathy-raising, and (3) combined (including elements of both) messages on students’ intention to stop bullying were tested in a between-subject experimental design. A total of 277 seventh grade students (Mage = 12.93, SD = 0.49; 47% female) were asked to imagine they had bullied a peer and were invited to a discussion with a teacher. They saw a video vignette with one of the above messages. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that students’ intention to stop bullying was highest among those who saw the combined message. Callous-unemotional traits were negatively, and affective and cognitive empathy positively associated with intention to stop bullying. Students’ level of cognitive empathy moderated the relative effect of the condemning message on intention to stop bullying. At low levels of cognitive empathy, the condemning message was the least effective, whereas among those with high cognitive empathy, all messages were equally likely to lead to intention to stop bullying. Together, the findings suggest that for educators intervening in bullying among adolescents, an approach involving both condemning and empathy-raising messages is the ‘best bet’, most likely to lead to intention to stop bullying.
Robert Cover as a Radical Democrat
Authors: van Asseldonk Maxim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe political philosophy of radical democracy has made innumerable invaluable contributions to theories of democracy. However, while radical democrats tend to focus on the political, a cogent and comprehensive framework of law appropriate to radical democracy has only recently been begun to be developed. Interpreting the vast tradition of radical democracy to be based at least on the fundamental tenets of radical equality, anti-foundationalism, and to a lesser extent conflict, this paper argues that the oft-forgotten work of the American legal philosopher Robert Cover may provide critical resources for a radical democratic theory of law. According to Cover, every agent living under law is embedded, or embeds themselves, within a nomos or normative universe. From this nomos legal texts become imbued with widely different meanings, many of which will be mutually incompatible. Cover’s legal anarchism, moreover, gives way to the argument that no agent or institution has a particularly privileged view of the ‘correct’ law. Accordingly, every legal texts gives rise to a proliferation of normative universes which due to their mutual incompatibility will eventually come into conflict with one another. This paper shows that Cover’s normative commitments are highly congruent with those professed by many radical democrats, and that therefore Cover’s legal philosophy furnishes a fruitful basis on which to further theorise a framework of radical democratic or agonistic law that incorporates struggle while remaining committed to equality and disavowing of any determinate foundations.
Bursting in a next generation neural mass model with synaptic dynamics: a slow–fast approach
Authors: Taher Halgurd , Avitabile Daniele , Desroches Mathieu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a detailed analysis on the emergence of bursting in a recently developed neural mass model that includes short-term synaptic plasticity. Neural mass models can mimic the collective dynamics of large-scale neuronal populations in terms of a few macroscopic variables like mean membrane potential and firing rate. The present one is particularly important, as it represents an exact meanfield limit of synaptically coupled quadratic integrate and fire (QIF) neurons. Without synaptic dynamics, a periodic external current with slow frequency$$\varepsilon $$εcan lead to burst-like dynamics. The firing patterns can be understood using singular perturbation theory, specifically slow–fast dissection. With synaptic dynamics, timescale separation leads to a variety of slow–fast phenomena and their role for bursting becomes inordinately more intricate. Canards are crucial to understand the route to bursting. They describe trajectories evolving nearby repelling locally invariant sets of the system and exist at the transition between subthreshold dynamics and bursting. Near the singular limit$$\varepsilon = 0$$ε=0, we report peculiarjump-on canards, which block a continuous transition to bursting. In the biologically more plausible$$\varepsilon $$ε-regime, this transition becomes continuous and bursts emerge via consecutive spike-adding transitions. The onset of bursting is complex and involvesmixed-type-like torus canards, which form the very first spikes of the burst and follow fast-subsystem repelling limit cycles. We numerically evidence the same mechanisms to be responsible for bursting emergence in the QIF network with plastic synapses. The main conclusions apply for the network, owing to the exactness of the meanfield limit.
Neural-based formation control of uncertain multi-agent systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Fei Yang , Shi Peng , Lim Cheng-Chew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe formation control problem for a group of first-order agents with model uncertainty and actuator saturation is investigated in this manuscript. An algorithm-and-observer-based formation controller is developed to ensure the semi-global boundedness of the formation tracking error with actuator saturation. First, a fully local-error-related cooperative weight tuning procedure is proposed for the adaptive uncertainty estimation of each agent. The effect of actuator saturation on both the cooperative adaptive estimation and the controller design part is then analysed and discussed. A three-layer neural-based observer is further constructed to achieve finite-time uncertainty approximation with actuator saturation. Besides, the reverse effect led by coupled and saturated control inputs is defined and a new control input distribution algorithm is presented to attenuate the potential oscillation in system states. Finally, comparative simulations based on a multiple omnidirectional robot system are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed formation controllers and the new algorithm.
Attitudes Toward Dating People with Disability Amongst Young People in Australia and Hong Kong
Authors: Ip Isaac Man Hei , Honey Anne , McGrath Margaret 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores attitudes toward dating people with disability amongst young people in Australia and Hong Kong. Data relating to disability were extracted from an e-survey that investigated young people’s (n = 2208) experiences of and attitudes toward dating. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while open ended responses were subjected to interpretive content analysis. When asked about preferred characteristics for potential dates, young people identified factors that were unlikely to be negatively influenced by disability, such as loyalty, honesty, dedication, humour, and kindness. Yet when asked whether disability would influence their dating choices, most said that it would and expressed an unwillingness to date people with disability. Young adults in Hong Kong expressed less openness to dating people with disability than those in Australia. Physical disability and mental health issues were seen as less of a barrier to dating than intellectual or developmental disability. Despite recent gains in public attitudes toward people with disability, improvements are needed in terms of young people in the general population viewing people with disability as suitable partners and thus, allowing them to enjoy equal rights to relationships and sexuality. Culture is an important determinant, indicating a potential for change.
Social-emotional need satisfaction, prosocial motivation, and students’ positive behavioral and well-being outcomes
Authors: Collie Rebecca J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the extent to which students’ social-emotional basic psychological need satisfaction (of social-emotional autonomy, social competence, relatedness with students, and relatedness with teachers) is associated with their prosocial motivation and, in turn, behavioral and emotional well-being outcomes. For motivation, autonomous prosocial motivation and controlled prosocial motivation (by way of introjected and external regulation) were examined. Behavioral outcomes comprised prosocial behavior and conduct problems reported by parents/carers, and emotional well-being were positive and negative affect reported by students. With data from 408 secondary school students (and their parents/carers), structural equation modeling showed that perceived autonomy was associated with lower negative affect. Perceived social competence was associated with greater autonomous prosocial motivation, lower external prosocial regulation, greater positive affect, and lower negative affect. Relatedness with teachers was associated with greater autonomous prosocial motivation. In turn, autonomous prosocial motivation was associated with greater prosocial behavior, whereas external prosocial regulation was associated with lower prosocial behavior. Introjected prosocial regulation was only associated with greater negative affect. The results hold implications for promoting social and emotional competence among students.
Usefulness of partial splenic embolization for left-sided portal hypertension in a patient with a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Matsui Teppei , Nagai Hidenari , Amanuma Makoto , Kobayashi Kojiro , Ogino Yu , Mukozu Takanori , Wakui Noritaka , Okano Naoki , Kikuchi Yoshinori , Matsuda Takahisa , Igarashi Yoshinori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeft-side portal hypertension (LSPH) is caused by isolated obstruction of the splenic vein and is associated with esophagogastric varices that extend from the lower esophagus to the greater curvature of the gastric body. Here, we report on a 74-year-old man with a pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) in the pancreatic tail with multiple liver metastases. We decided that partial splenic embolization (PSE) was the best course of treatment to prevent rupture of the gastric varices, which were classified as markedly enlarged, nodular, or tumor-shaped and showed erosion of the mucosa. After PSE, the patient had no major complications and was discharged. At 3 and 6 months after the procedure, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and enhanced computerized tomography showed that the gastric varices had improved. This case demonstrates the usefulness of PSE for LSPH in patients with unresected pancreatic NEN.