bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable food production through integrated rice-fish farming in India: a brief review
Authors: Sathoria Priyanka , Roy Brototi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe exponential increase in population and economic activities has led to the intensification of agriculture and aquaculture in developing countries. The Green Revolution in the 1960s and Blue Revolution in the 1980s were giant steps in this direction to meet the food demand of the burgeoning population. It resulted in the increased use of modern technology for the intensification of agriculture and aquaculture in India. However, coping with the ever-increasing demand for food has adversely impacted our environment. Hence, it is imperative that we explore sustainable practices that enable us to produce more food without compromising environmental integrity and human health. Integrated rice-fish farming is one such solution that optimizes use of resources, maintains sustainable environmental conditions and provides socio-economic stability to the farmers. This review summarizes the various integrated rice-fish cultivation systems practiced in India including traditional practices, their importance, recent development in this area and the existing challenges.
Examining the Interaction Between Free‐Living Bacteria and Iron in the Global Ocean
Authors: Pham Anh Le‐Duy , Aumont Olivier , Ratnarajah Lavenia , Tagliabue Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMarine free‐living (FL) bacteria play a key role in the cycling of essential biogeochemical elements, including iron (Fe), during their uptake, transformation and release of organic matter throughout the water column. Similar to phytoplankton, the growth of FL bacteria is regulated by nutritive resources such as Fe, and the low availability of these resources may influence bacterial interactions with phytoplankton, causing knock‐on effects for biogeochemical cycling. Yet, knowledge of the factors limiting the growth of FL bacteria and their role within the Fe cycle is poorly constrained. Here, we explicitly represent FL, carbon‐oxidizing bacteria in a three‐dimensional global ocean biogeochemistry model to address these questions. We find that although Fe can emerge as proximally limiting in the tropical Pacific and in high‐latitude regions during summer, the growth of FL bacteria is ultimately controlled by the availability of labile dissolved organic carbon over most of the world's oceans. In Fe‐limited regions, FL bacterial biomass is sensitive to their Fe uptake capability in seasonally Fe‐limitation regions and to their minimum Fe requirements in regions perennially low in Fe. Fe consumption by FL bacteria is significant in the upper ocean in our model, and their competition with phytoplankton for Fe affects phytoplankton growth dynamics and can make bacteria become more carbon limited. The impact of FL bacteria on the Fe distribution in the ocean interior is small due to a tight coupling between Fe uptake and release. Moving forward, future work that considers other bacteria groups and different bacterial metabolisms is needed to explore the broader role of bacteria in ocean Fe cycling. In this context, the global growing’ omics data from ocean observing programs can play a crucial role.
Analysis of Pacific Hotspot Chains
Authors: Chase A. , Wessel P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeamount trails created by mantle plumes are often used to establish absolute reference frames for plate motion. When plume drift is considered, changes in seamount trail direction and age progression cannot be attributed to plate motion change alone. Here, improvements to age‐progressive models of eleven Pacific hotspot chains are made independently of plate motion models. Our approach involves bathymetry processing to robustly predict a smooth, continuous hotspot path by connecting maxima in filtered seamount bathymetry, with across‐track uncertainties from seamount trail width and amplitude. Published ages from seamount samples are projected orthogonally onto these paths. We determine best‐fit models of age as functions of along‐track distance, giving continuous age‐progression models for each seamount chain with uncertainties in age and geometry. Different sources of paleolatitudes are examined by incorporating data from the magnetization of seamount drill‐core samples, paleo‐poles from marine magnetic anomaly skewness inversions, and paleo‐spin‐axes inferred from shifts of equatorial sediments. Improved paleolatitude models for the Hawaiian‐Emperor and Louisville chains are determined by combining these different types of data. Paleolatitude models are predicted for other chains during periods when sufficient amounts of paleo‐pole or paleo‐spin‐axis data are available. Analysis of the eleven Pacific seamount chains provide constraints for future plate and plume motion models. We analyze the temporal change in distance between coeval seamounts, reflecting relative drifts between the hotspots at different times in the past. The observed changes imply systematic relative hotspot drifts compatible with paleolatitude trends.
Identifying Hydro‐Sensitive Coral δ18O Records for Improved High‐Resolution Temperature and Salinity Reconstructions
Authors: Thompson D. M. , Conroy J. L. , Konecky B. L. , Stevenson S. , DeLong K. L. , McKay N. , Reed E. , Jonkers L. , Carré M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStable oxygen isotopic ratios in corals (δ18Ocoral) are commonly utilized to reconstruct climate variability beyond the limit of instrumental observations. These measurements provide constraints on past seawater temperature, due to the thermodynamics of isotopic fractionation, but also past salinity, as both salinity and seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) are similarly affected by precipitation/evaporation, advection, and other processes. We use historical observations, isotope‐enabled model simulations, and the PAGES Iso2k database to assess the potential of δ18Ocoral to provide information on past salinity. Using ‘‘pseudocorals’’ to represent δ18Ocoral as a function of observed or simulated temperature and salinity/δ18Osw, we find that δ18Osw contributes up to 89% of δ18Ocoral variability in the Western Pacific Warm Pool. Although uncertainty in the δ18Osw‐salinity relationship influences the inferred salinity variability, corals from these sites could provide valuable δ18Osw reconstructions. Coordinated in situ monitoring of salinity and δ18Osw is vital for improving estimates of hydroclimatic change.
Ocean Biogeochemical Signatures of the North Pacific Blob
Authors: Mogen Samuel C. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Dallmann Allysa R. , Gregor Luke , Sutton Adrienne J. , Bograd Steven J. , Quiros Nathali Cordero , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Hazen Elliott L. , Jacox Michael G. , Buil Mercedes Pozo , Yeager Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Blob was the early manifestation of the Northeast Pacific marine heat wave from 2013 to 2016. While the upper ocean temperature in the Blob has been well described, the impacts on marine biogeochemistry have not been fully studied. Here, we characterize and develop understanding of Eastern North Pacific upper ocean biogeochemical properties during the Winter of 2013–2014 using in situ observations, an observation‐based product, and reconstructions from a collection of ocean models. We find that the Blob is associated with significant upper ocean biogeochemical anomalies: A 5% increase in aragonite saturation state (temporary reprieve of ocean acidification) and a 3% decrease in oxygen concentration (enhanced deoxygenation). Anomalous advection and mixing drive the aragonite saturation anomaly, while anomalous heating and air‐sea gas exchange drive the oxygen anomaly. Marine heatwaves do not necessarily serve as an analog for future change as they may enhance or mitigate long‐term trends.
The Role of Aerosol‐Radiation Interaction in the Meteorology Prediction at the Weather Scale in the Numerical Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Xiaoye , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current capabilities of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model to simulate aerosol‐radiation interaction (ARI) impacts on weather prediction are still rarely considered compared with climate models. Here, the NWP model GRAPES_CUACE is used to evaluate the role of the ARI in meteorology prediction at the weather scale in China. The results show that the online calculation of ARI in the model can extensively improve the meteorology prediction accuracy involving temperature, wind, and pressure at most vertical levels in relatively clean, light, and heavy pollution stages. This improvement significantly occurs in the meteorology factors below 950 hPa prediction such as temperature at 2 m, 1,000, and 950 hPa, and mean sea level pressure, particularly in heavy pollution areas and stages. Unlike temperature, the improvement of ARI in the predicted wind at the height of the boundary layer is more significant than near‐surface. However, this improvement declines when the low‐cloud exists.
Importance of the Antarctic Slope Current in the Southern Ocean Response to Ice Sheet Melt and Wind Stress Change
Authors: Beadling R. L. , Krasting J. P. , Griffies S. M. , Hurlin W. J. , Bronselaer B. , Russell J. L. , MacGilchrist G. A. , Tesdal J.‐E. , Winton M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use two coupled climate models, GFDL‐CM4 and GFDL‐ESM4, to investigate the physical response of the Southern Ocean to changes in surface wind stress, Antarctic meltwater, and the combined forcing of the two in a pre‐industrial control simulation. The meltwater cools the ocean surface in all regions except the Weddell Sea, where the wind stress warms the near‐surface layer. The limited sensitivity of the Weddell Sea surface layer to the meltwater is due to the spatial distribution of the meltwater fluxes, regional bathymetry, and large‐scale circulation patterns. The meltwater forcing dominates the Antarctic shelf response and the models yield strikingly different responses along West Antarctica. The disagreement is attributable to the mean‐state representation and meltwater‐driven acceleration of the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC). In CM4, the meltwater is efficiently trapped on the shelf by a well resolved, strong, and accelerating ASC which isolates the West Antarctic shelf from warm offshore waters, leading to strong subsurface cooling. In ESM4, a weaker and diffuse ASC allows more meltwater to escape to the open ocean, the West Antarctic shelf does not become isolated, and instead strong subsurface warming occurs. The CM4 results suggest a possible negative feedback mechanism that acts to limit future melting, while the ESM4 results suggest a possible positive feedback mechanism that acts to accelerate melt. Our results demonstrate the strong influence the ASC has on governing changes along the shelf, highlighting the importance of coupling interactive ice sheet models to ocean models that can resolve these dynamical processes.
A versatile interferometric technique for probing the thermophysical properties of complex fluids
Authors: Verma Gopal , Yadav Gyanendra , Saraj Chaudry Sajed , Li Longnan , Miljkovic Nenad , Delville Jean Pierre , Li Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaser-induced thermocapillary deformation of liquid surfaces has emerged as a promising tool to precisely characterize the thermophysical properties of pure fluids. However, challenges arise for nanofluid (NF) and soft bio-fluid systems where the direct interaction of the laser generates an intriguing interplay between heating, momentum, and scattering forces which can even damage soft biofluids. Here, we report a versatile, pump-probe-based, rapid, and non-contact interferometric technique that resolves interface dynamics of complex fluids with the precision of ~1 nm in thick-film and 150 pm in thin-film regimes below the thermal limit without the use of lock-in or modulated beams. We characterize the thermophysical properties of complex NF in three exclusively different types of configurations. First, when the NF is heated from the bottom through an opaque substrate, we demonstrate that our methodology permits the measurement of thermophysical properties (viscosity, surface tension, and diffusivity) of complex NF and biofluids. Second, in a top illumination configuration, we show a precise characterization of NF by quantitively isolating the competing forces, taking advantage of the different time scales of these forces. Third, we show the measurement of NF confined in a metal cavity, in which the transient thermoelastic deformation of the metal surface provides the properties of the NF as well as thermo-mechanical properties of the metal. Our results reveal how the dissipative nature of the heatwave allows us to investigate thick-film dynamics in the thin-film regime, thereby suggesting a general approach for precision measurements of complex NFs, biofluids, and optofluidic devices.
Single photon emission and recombination dynamics in self-assembled GaN/AlN quantum dots
Authors: Stachurski Johann , Tamariz Sebastian , Callsen Gordon , Butté Raphaël , Grandjean Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIII-nitride quantum dots (QDs) are a promising system actively studied for their ability to maintain single photon emission up to room temperature. Here, we report on the evolution of the emission properties of self-assembled GaN/AlN QDs for temperatures ranging from 5 to 300 K. We carefully track the photoluminescence of a single QD and measure an optimum single photon purity of g(2)(0) = 0.05 ± 0.02 at 5 K and 0.17 ± 0.08 at 300 K. We complement this study with temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements (TRPL) performed on a QD ensemble to further investigate the exciton recombination dynamics of such polar zero-dimensional nanostructures. By comparing our results to past reports, we emphasize the complexity of recombination processes in this system. Instead of the more conventional mono-exponential decay typical of exciton recombination, TRPL transients display a bi-exponential feature with short- and long-lived components that persist in the low excitation regime. From the temperature insensitivity of the long-lived excitonic component, we first discard the interplay of dark-to-bright state refilling in the exciton recombination process. Besides, this temperature-invariance also highlights the absence of nonradiative exciton recombinations, a likely direct consequence of the strong carrier confinement observed in GaN/AlN QDs up to 300 K. Overall, our results support the viability of these dots as a potential single-photon source for quantum applications at room temperature.
Metabolomics analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in World Trade Center responders
Authors: Kuan Pei-Fen , Yang Xiaohua , Kotov Roman , Clouston Sean , Bromet Evelyn , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetabolomics has yielded promising insights into the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study expands understanding of the systems-level effects of metabolites by using global metabolomics and complex lipid profiling in plasma samples from 124 World Trade Center responders (56 PTSD, 68 control) on 1628 metabolites. Differential metabolomics analysis identified hexosylceramide HCER(26:1) associated with PTSD at FDR < 0.1. The multi-metabolite composite score achieved an AUC of 0.839 for PTSD versus unaffected control classification. Independent component analysis identified three metabolomic modules significantly associated with PTSD. These modules were significantly enriched in bile acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and pregnenolone steroids, which are involved in innate immunity, inflammatory process and neuronal excitability, respectively. Integrative analysis of metabolomics and our prior proteomics datasets on subsample of 96 responders identified seven proteomic modules significantly correlated with metabolic modules. Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular alterations and identify metabolomic-proteomic signatures associated with PTSD by using machine learning and network approaches to enhance understanding of the pathways implicated in PTSD. If present results are confirmed in follow-up studies, they may inform development of novel treatments.
Chromatin complexes subunit BAP18 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression through transcriptional activation of oncogene S100A9
Authors: Zhang Yin-Ling , Deng Ling , Liao Li , Yang Shao-Ying , Hu Shu-Yuan , Ning Yan , Zhang Fang-Lin , Li Da-Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly lethal disease due to aggressive clinical phenotype and the lack of validated therapeutic targets. Our recent quantitative proteomic analysis of 90 cases of TNBC tissues and 72 cases of matched adjacent normal tissues revealed that the expression levels of BPTF-associated protein of 18 KDa (BAP18), a component of the MLL1 and NURF chromatin complexes, were upregulated in TNBC tissues relative to normal tissues. However, the biological function and the underlying mechanism of BAP18 in TNBC progression remain unexplored. Here, we report that BAP18 promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor growth and lung colonization in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), a member of the S100 protein family that is frequently upregulated in breast tumors and acts as an oncogenic driver in breast cancer progression, was a downstream target gene of BAP18. BAP18 was recruited to histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3)-marked promoter of S100A9 and enhanced its promoter activities. Notably, knockdown of BAP18 by short hairpin RNA in TNBC cells suppressed xenograft tumor growth in mice, the noted effect was partially reverted by re-expression of S100A9 in BAP18-depleted cells. Taken together, these results suggest that BAP18 promotes TNBC progression through, at least in part, transcriptional activation of oncogene S100A9, and represents a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
CircMAN1A2 is upregulated by Helicobacter pylori and promotes development of gastric cancer
Authors: Guo Ruiting , Cui Xixi , Li Xue , Zang Wen , Chang Mingjie , Sun Zenghui , Liu Zhifang , Sun Yundong , Jia Jihui , Li Wenjuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main causes of gastric cancer. It has been reported that circRNAs play a vital role in the development of multiple types of cancer. However, the role of H. pylori-induced circRNAs in the development of gastric cancer has not been studied. In this study, we found that H. pylori could induce the upregulation of circMAN1A2 in AGS and BGC823 cells independent of CagA. The downregulation of circMAN1A2 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and circMAN1A2 could promote the progression of gastric cancer induced by H. pylori by sponging miR-1236-3p to regulate MTA2 expression. Furthermore, circMAN1A2 knockdown inhibited xenograft tumour growth in vivo, and the overexpression of circMAN1A2 was associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Hence, Helicobacter pylori induced circMAN1A2 expression to promote the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer, and circMAN1A2 might be a new potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Comprehensive view of microscopic interactions between DNA-coated colloids
Authors: Cui Fan , Marbach Sophie , Zheng Jeana Aojie , Holmes-Cerfon Miranda , Pine David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe self-assembly of DNA-coated colloids into highly-ordered structures offers great promise for advanced optical materials. However, control of disorder, defects, melting, and crystal growth is hindered by the lack of a microscopic understanding of DNA-mediated colloidal interactions. Here we use total internal reflection microscopy to measure in situ the interaction potential between DNA-coated colloids with nanometer resolution and the macroscopic melting behavior. The range and strength of the interaction are measured and linked to key material design parameters, including DNA sequence, polymer length, grafting density, and complementary fraction. We present a first-principles model that screens and combines existing theories into one coherent framework and quantitatively reproduces our experimental data without fitting parameters over a wide range of DNA ligand designs. Our theory identifies a subtle competition between DNA binding and steric repulsion and accurately predicts adhesion and melting at a molecular level. Combining experimental and theoretical results, our work provides a quantitative and predictive approach for guiding material design with DNA-nanotechnology and can be further extended to a diversity of colloidal and biological systems.
Hypoxia-activated neuropeptide Y/Y5 receptor/RhoA pathway triggers chromosomal instability and bone metastasis in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Lu Congyi , Mahajan Akanksha , Hong Sung-Hyeok , Galli Susana , Zhu Shiya , Tilan Jason U. , Abualsaud Nouran , Adnani Mina , Chung Stacey , Elmansy Nada , Rodgers Jasmine , Rodriguez Olga , Albanese Christopher , Wang Hongkun , Regan Maureen , Zgonc Valerie , Blancato Jan , Krawczyk Ewa , Gallicano G. Ian , Girgis Michael , Cheema Amrita , Iżycka-Świeszewska Ewa , Cavalli Luciane R. , Pack Svetlana D. , Kitlinska Joanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdverse prognosis in Ewing sarcoma (ES) is associated with the presence of metastases, particularly in bone, tumor hypoxia and chromosomal instability (CIN). Yet, a mechanistic link between these factors remains unknown. We demonstrate that in ES, tumor hypoxia selectively exacerbates bone metastasis. This process is triggered by hypoxia-induced stimulation of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Y5 receptor (Y5R) pathway, which leads to RhoA over-activation and cytokinesis failure. These mitotic defects result in the formation of polyploid ES cells, the progeny of which exhibit high CIN, an ability to invade and colonize bone, and a resistance to chemotherapy. Blocking Y5R in hypoxic ES tumors prevents polyploidization and bone metastasis. Our findings provide evidence for the role of the hypoxia-inducible NPY/Y5R/RhoA axis in promoting genomic changes and subsequent osseous dissemination in ES, and suggest that targeting this pathway may prevent CIN and disease progression in ES and other cancers rich in NPY and Y5R.
Childhood body size directly increases type 1 diabetes risk based on a lifecourse Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Richardson Tom G. , Crouch Daniel J. M. , Power Grace M. , Morales-Berstein Fernanda , Hazelwood Emma , Fang Si , Cho Yoonsu , Inshaw Jamie R. J. , Robertson Catherine C. , Sidore Carlo , Cucca Francesco , Rich Steven S. , Todd John A. , Davey Smith George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rising prevalence of childhood obesity has been postulated as an explanation for the increasing rate of individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we use Mendelian randomization (MR) to provide evidence that childhood body size has an effect on T1D risk (OR = 2.05 per change in body size category, 95% CI = 1.20 to 3.50, P = 0.008), which remains after accounting for body size at birth and during adulthood using multivariable MR (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.21 to 4.42, P = 0.013). We validate this direct effect of childhood body size using data from a large-scale T1D meta-analysis based on n = 15,573 cases and n = 158,408 controls (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.12, P = 0.006). We also provide evidence that childhood body size influences risk of asthma, eczema and hypothyroidism, although multivariable MR suggested that these effects are mediated by body size in later life. Our findings support a causal role for higher childhood body size on risk of being diagnosed with T1D, whereas its influence on the other immune-associated diseases is likely explained by a long-term effect of remaining overweight for many years over the lifecourse.