bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The temperature and light-dependent molecular dynamic investigation on foxtail millet’s blast effector APikL2A/sHMA25
Authors: Zhao Ling , Zhang Ting , Luo Yanjie , Li Lin , Cheng Ruhong , Shi Zhigang , Wang Genping , Ren Tiancong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast. Understanding the abiotic stress influence on the resistance possess is benefit to regulate the disease. Here, effects of thermal and light (oscillating electric field) on the complex of Magnaporthe oryzae effector APikL2A/sHMA25 from foxtail millet had been investigated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using Gromacs package. The structure of APikL2A/sHMA25 were relatively stable within a temperature range from 290 K (16.85°C) to 320 K (46.85°C), and a slightly higher surface area was observed at higher temperature. In contrary, we found that the oscillating electric fields had a notable influence on the structure of APikL2A/sHMA25, and destructive effects could be detected at a field intensity about 0.5 V/nm. Alpha-helix structures were the least stable under oscillating electric fields, because of the existence of their dipole moment, while beta-sheet was quite be stable in the oscillating electric fields.
Contrasting changes of snowfall in response to Temperature and Rainfall over two distinct geographic ranges of the Himalayas: A study using long-term observations
Authors: Kandula Subrahmanyam , J Srinivasulu , Kumar Prashnat , MVR Sesh Sai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Snow is a major source of water and its monitoring is important for hydrological applications. It provides a large amount of meltwater to various rivers such as Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra in the Himalayan region. Significant changes in snowfall variability play a pivotal role in climate as well as socioeconomic development. The present study investigates the temporal variability of snowfall, temperature and rainfall over Nubra (Latitude: 34.53o-35.67o N; Longitude: 76.75o-77.81o E) and Bhagirathi (Latitude: 30.33o-31.45o N; Longitude: 78.15o-79.47o E) basins in the Himalayan region using 30 years of data (1991–2020). The High Asia Reanalysis (HAR) and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) data were used to study the snowfall and maximum temperature variabilities respectively over the study basins. For rainfall, gridded rainfall data from India Meteorological Department is used. We have studied the annual and monthly variability of daily snowfall, temperature and rainfall over the two basins. Our analysis shows the declining trend (-2 mm/decade) of snowfall over the Nubra basin and slight increasing trend (0.12 mm/decade) in Bhagirathi basin from 2004. The monthly time series in maximum temperature anomaly shows a positive trend with a maximum anomaly found to be around 2K during the winter period. From the rainfall analysis, an increasing trend in annual rainfall is observed, especially Nubra basin show notable increase. Further, warming of the troposphere is found to be ~ 2–3 K, which is another important factor for reduction in snowfall. Thus positive trends in maximum temperature, rainfall and warming troposphere are the controlling factors for the declining (increasing) trend in snowfall over the Nubra (Bhagirathi) basins. Further, we have carried out the WRF simulation for the time series of snowfall. Thus, the present study shows simultaneous changes in snowfall, temperature and rainfall over the Himalayan region and assumes importance in climatic applications.
Prevalence and determinants of hyperuricemia in multi-ethnic Belgian population of inner-city living children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Nauwynck Elise , Vanbesien Jesse , Staels Willem , Verheyden Stephanie , Rutteman Bart , Weets Ilse , De Schepper Jean , Gies Inge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperuricemia in childhood obesity associates variably with distinct components of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in an ethnically diverse pediatric obese population in Brussels using age and sex-specific serum uric acid (SUA) reference ranges.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from overweight/obese children at Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel between 2013 and 2017. Hyperuricemia was defined by a SUA above the assay specific and age and gender defined reference range.
Results
Among 388 children and adolescents, 9% were overweight, 16.2% had class I obesity, 27.8% had class II obesity and 46.9% had class III obesity. Median SUA was 4.8 mg/dL, with 20.6% patients showing an elevated SUA. Degree of general and central obesity, pubertal status, gender, descent and the presence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were not significantly different between those with and without hyperuricemia. Median waist-to-height ratio, serum triglycerides and insulin resistance were significantly higher in Turkish children compared to children of other descent.
Conclusion
Hyperuricemia was not associated with age, ethnicity, severity of global/central obesity, metabolic syndrome or its components. Future studies should focus on investigating the association with diet composition, obesity duration and the eventual risk for cardiovascular complications.
Assessment tools for evaluating empathy in health professions students: A systematic review
Authors: Girotto Leticia Cabrini , Moreira Roberta de Fatima Carreira , Esteves Adriana , Tempski Patricia Zen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Empathy is a complex construct that can be understood as the ability to appreciate and respond to an affective experience of another person. It is one of the main competencies in health professionals training due to its relevance in professional-patient relationship. There are several assessment tools for evaluating empathy, with currently no consensus on which would be more appropriate. Objective: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize information available in literature regarding assessment tools for evaluating empathy in health professions undergraduate students. Method: Up to April 2020 PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scopus and ERIC and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify primary studies which aimed to assess empathy in undergraduate health professions students. Included studies were categorized according to the empathy assessment tool used. Results: Were identified 776 studies and 55 were included. The assessed population included 21,820 students, 97.58% of whom were registered on medicine course. Jefferson Scale of Empathy (72.72%) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (18.18%) were identified as the main questionnaires used to assess empathy. Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of publications involving the assessment of empathy in the last decade. Most of the studies identified focus on undergraduate medical courses from developed countries, and the instrument most used to assess empathy was the Jefferson Scale of Empathy.
A green synthetic method for co(ii,iii) oxide nanoparticles with high surface activity.
Authors: Absalan Yahya , Alabada Rusul , Razavi Mohammad Reza , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Kovalchukovac Olga 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An environmentally friendly method is proposed to isolate Co3O4 nanoparticles with high surface activity. Instead of usual organic solvents, three different natural sugars, including glycogen, sucrose, and glucose are used for the first time as templates, and water as a green solvent, is used in all the steps. The crystallite sizes of the samples are 22.61 nm, 36.22 nm, and 30.093 nm for glucose, glycogen, and sucrose templates, respectively. The adsorption-desorption isotherms for all the samples match with IV type, which show a strong interaction between adsorbent and adsorbed sample. The pores of compounds obtained from glucose and glycogen templates, with H4 hysteresis, are slits and conical in the case of sucrose. The pore diameters are found in the interval 1.21–1.64 nm. The result illustrates a simple method with high novelty which can produce a variety of nanoparticles with a very large surface activity that can be used in different industries.
Quality of Life Experiences in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Mirzaie¹ Mahshid , Bolourchifard Fariba , Rohani Camelia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Having a child with cancer in the family can be a stressful, unpredictable and uncontrollable experience. This stressful condition brings about changing in the family structure, communications, values and roles and disrupt family members’ quality of life (QoL), especially siblings. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of QoL in the siblings of children with cancer.
Methods
This is a qualitative content analysis study which was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021. The participants included 17 siblings of children with cancer in the oncology wards, four parents and four nurses who were selected through purposive sampling from four pediatric university hospitals in Tehran-Iran. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and were analysed through conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA version 2019. To check the rigor of the study, several approach were used, including member and external checks, maximum variation, in-depth data analysis and accurate recording and transcribing.
Results
Five themes, 11 categories, 26 subcategories and 345 codes were obtained from the data. Based on the participants’ experiences, five dimensions of QoL were extracted for siblings of children with cancer, namely “individual function", "effort to improve the situation", "psycho-emotional function", "family function" and "individual health".
Conclusions
The experiences of our participants clarified various dimensions of the multidimensional concept of QoL in siblings of children with cancer. It can be a platform for further research, development of specific scale and planning interventional studies.
Halved dose of antipsychotics versus symptomatic treatment for relapse in patients with schizophrenia receiving high-dose antipsychotic therapy: a randomized single-blind trial
Authors: Ataniya Ryota , Koike Ken , Inamoto Atsuko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: There are limited treatments for relapse in patients with schizophrenia receiving high-dose antipsychotic therapy. It is thought that striatal dopamine (DA) transmission and DA functioning have an inverted U-shaped relationship wherein halving or rapidly decreasing the dose of antipsychotics results in excessive DA transmission, which reduces DA function-relation behavior, such as inappropriate behavior, and might improve relapse.Methods/Design: This is an interventional, parallel-group, randomized (1:1 ratio), investigator sponsored, and two-arm study conducted in psychiatric ward of Edogawa Hospital, Japan. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that halving the antipsychotic dose in patients with schizophrenia who received a high-dose antipsychotic therapy and have relapsed contributes to the relapse improvement. This study included 54 inpatients with schizophrenia who were receiving high-dose antipsychotic therapy. They were randomly allocated to the halved dose or symptomatic treatment group and administered halved dose of antipsychotics or symptomatic treatment, respectively, upon relapse, and the period until remission was compared between the patients in the two groups.Results: Relapse occurred in 14 patients in the halved dose treatment group and 15 patients in the symptomatic treatment group, all of whom underwent remission. The period until relapse symptom improvement was 1–3 weeks in the halved dose treatment group and 4–9 weeks in the symptomatic treatment group, and a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of survival period using Kaplan–Meier analysis (p < 0.001). Adverse events were mild, and there were fewer adverse events in the half-dose treatment group than in the symptomatic treatment group.Conclusions: To treat relapse in patients with schizophrenia receiving high-dose antipsychotic therapy, halving the antipsychotic dose can reduce the treatment period compared with that of symptomatic treatment.Trial registration: UMIN000047785 retrospectively registered on 18/05/2022
Evaluation of meteorological drought indices using meteorological datasets
Authors: Ahmadi mojgan , Etedali Hadi Ramezani , Kaviani Abbas , Tavakkoli Alireza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Drought indices are a suitable tool for management measures and dealing with the phenomenon of drought and are widely used worldwide. In this study, the drought indices of the SPI, CZI, ZSI, and MCZI in different monthly periods (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48) and the DI and PNI in different monthly, seasonal and annual periods in Kurdistan Province (stations Saqqez, Qorveh, Bijar, Sanandaj) were evaluated. GLDAS and CRU precipitation data for 2000–2000 and TRMM precipitation for 2000–2000 were received, and the drought indices were calculated. RMSE, ME and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used for evaluation. The results of the SPI index showed that there is a significant relationship between TRMM, CRU and GLDAS at the Saqqez, Qorveh and Sanandaj stations (at the 5% level), and there is no significant relationship for TRMM at Bijar station for the 24-month period. The correlation coefficient results for the Saqqez and Sanandaj stations in periods of 1 to 9 months for the SPI, CZI, ZSI, and MCZI indices were better than those of the Bijar and Qorveh stations. In assessing the SPI and CZI drought indices, the highest RMSE was for GLDAS at Bijar station and for the 48-month period. In general, the results showed that the drought indices of the SPI, CZI, ZSI, MCZI, DI and PNI obtained from the TRMM satellite, CRU dataset and GLDAS model have a good correlation with the drought indices of synoptic stations.
Midwives supporting the development of the mother-infant relationship from pregnancy to six weeks after birth: a scoping review.
Authors: Stoodley Cathy , McKellar Lois , Ziaian Tahereh , Steen Mary , Fereday Jennifer , Gwilt Ian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The mother-infant relationship is complex and dynamic, informing the psychological development of the infant through bonding and attachment. Positive early interactions influence the quality of this relationship. Midwives are well placed to support the developing relationship between the mother and baby, yet there has been limited research exploring the role of the midwife in this context.Aim: To explore interventions that have been provided by the midwife which support the development of the maternal-fetal or mother-infant relationship amongst a low-risk population from pregnancy, and up to six weeks postnatal. The review also sought to understand the type of interventions developed, format and delivery, and outcomes measured and if cultural considerations had been incorporated. Methods: A scoping review of the research literature was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. Five online databases were searched for relevant articles published in English from 2000-2021. Findings: Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged: (1) viewing the fetus as separate from the mother, (2) focused activities on the maternal-infant relationship and (3) targeted educational interventions.Discussion: Providing focussed activities and targeted education during the pre and postpartum periods supports the development of the mother-infant relationship. Significantly, there was insufficient research that considered the influence of culture in supporting the mother-infant relationship.Conclusion: Further research is required to develop interventions that are culturally appropriate and can be integrated into care during pregnancy and/or postpartum provided by midwives.
Regeneration of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) via somatic embryogenesis and screening of clones for agronomic traits
Authors: Ali Sarah , Raza Saboohi , Shahzad Saleem , Batool Tuba Sharf , Abdullah Aasma , Hameed Naveed , Manzoor Asad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium propagation using conventional method of stem cutting produces weak plants and showed delayed anthesis above 20°C with reduced flower diameter. Therefore, in the present study chrysanthemum plantlets were produced through somatic embryogenic calli to exploit the somaclonal variation for its improvement. Various explants of variety Dante yellow were cultured on LS (Linsmaier and Skoog 1965) medium augmented with various concentrations of KT (Kinetin) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and their combinations for callus induction. Embryogenic calli were proliferated and regenerated by using different plant growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and evaluated for agronomic characteristics and compared with mother plant in a replicated field trial. Results revealed that young leaf explant cultured on LS medium containing 9.02 µM 2,4-D and 11.61 µM KT gave an ample amount of callus. Combination of 0.44 µM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 5.37 µM NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) yielded highest amount of callus proliferation (0.27g ± 0.03). Significant amount of shootlets (25 ± 0.8) from embryogenic callus was observed on the medium augmented with 0.45 µM 2, 4-D. During the field experiment, Clone S84 showed considerable improvement in flower size as compare to mother plant and found to be a promising clone for commercialization.
Structure and diversity of intestinal methanogens in grass carp and black carp
Authors: Long Chengxing , Wu Jieqi , Liu Jialin , Tan Zhoujin , Li Wenge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the community characteristics of methanogens in the intestinal tract of grass carp and black carp, and their correlation with methanogens in cultured water. Samples of grass carp, black carp and cultured water in a pond were collected in Spring 2021. Based on LIIumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform, the metagenomic mcrA gene sequences of grass carp, black carp and cultured water samples were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the richness and diversity of methanogens in the intestinal tract of grass carp and black carp were highly correlated with the cultured water. A total of 5 bacteria genera were detected in the three groups of samples, Methanosarcina, Methanocorpusculum, Methanospirillum, Methanobacterium and Methanofollis, in which Methanosarcina and Methanocorpusculum were the dominant genera. In addition, Methanosarcina had the highest abundance in CY and Methanocorpusculum had the highest abundance in QY. In conclusion, Methanosarcina and Methanocorpusculum were the main methanogens in the intestinal tract of grass carp and black carp and culture water, and hydrolytic fermentative bacteria were its main metabolic substrate, hydrotrophic was its main metabolic pathway. The results will provide reference for the relationship between intestinal methanogens and aquaculture and greenhouse effect.
Maternal L‑glutamine supplementation during late gestation improves piglet birth weight and litter uniformity under commercial conditions.
Authors: Fonseca Leonardo Silva , Moreira Rennan Herculano Rufino , Palencia Jorge Yair Perez , Lanferdini Eloiza , Chaves Rhuan Filipe , Junior Sudário Roberto Silva , Gomes Thalles Ribeiro , Araújo Lina Raquel Santos , Levesque Crystal Lynette , Abreu Márvio Lobão Teixeira 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to assess the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on sow and suckling offspring performance, eighty gestating multiparous sows were used in a completely randomized experimental design and a 2 × 2 experimental design in late gestation and lactation, respectively. Females were assigned to a control diet or a Gln-supplemented diet (1% of L-glutamine) from 85 days of gestation until farrowing. In lactation, dietary treatment groups were CON_C: without Gln supplementation; CON_G: Gln only during lactation; GLN_C: Gln only during gestation; GLN_ GLN: Gln during gestation and lactation. At d 105 of gestation, sows fed Gln supplemented diet had greater backfat thickness at point P1 (P = 0.039) and loin depth at point P2 (P = 0.099) than control sows. Litter born from Gln supplemented sows tended to be heavier at birth (P = 0.080) compared to control litters, reducing the probability of piglets weighing less than 1.5 kg. In addition, litters from supplemented sows had a lower standard deviation of BW at birth (P = 0.002). There were no effects of dietary treatments during lactation period. Maternal Gln supplementation during late gestation improved piglet weight and litter uniformity at birth without affecting sow body composition after farrowing.
Treatment of Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures with Percutaneous Screw Fixation at Key Points of the Calcaneus
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Ni Weidong , Huang Wei , Luo Gang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Plate or screw fixation are usually the preferred surgical procedures for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs), but they are associated with many complications. We therefore attempted to treat DIACFs with percutaneous screw fixation at key points of the calcaneus and observed its efficacy.Methods: In this retrospective study, 30 patients (35 feet, 5 patients were bilateral) with DIACFs were rigorously screened. Using a homemade calcaneal distractor, reduction of fracture by percutaneous or sinus tarsi approach and screw fixation of the key points of the calcaneus. The visual analogous scale (VAS) score was utilized to evaluate the degree of walking pain, while the American Orthopaedic Foot & Anle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale and Maryland foot score were used to evaluate ankle-foot function and surgical effects.Results: All 30 patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months and a maximum of 36 months. Postoperatively, one patient had a superficial infection of traction needle track, one patient had sural nerve injury, and all patients had no pain caused by screw irritation. Follow-up showed that all fractures healed without screw breakage and loss of fracture reduction. The height, length, width, Böhler angle and Gissane angle of the calcaneus were recovered well. All patients could walk normally; AOFAS score: 87.1±8.5 points, with an excellent and good rate of 88.6%; Maryland score: 85.2±9.4 points, with an excellent and good rate of 85.7%; and VAS score: 2.3±1.5 points.Conclusions: Percutaneous screw fixation at key points of the calcaneus is clinically effective in the treatment of DIACFs.
Demodulation of phase-modulated signals with small modulation index without digital noise limitation
Authors: Yu Mengwei , Schewe Marvin , Bauer Georg , Rembe Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In many communication and sensor applications, receivers digitize phase-modulated carrier signals directly by analog-to-digital converters. The obtained phase-modulated digital carrier signals are numerically demodulated in order to extract the relevant information. However, the limited dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter may reduce the carrier-to-noise ratio of carrier signals after digitization. Correspondingly, the resolution of the demodulated digital signal is degraded. We demonstrate a sampling and demodulation scheme for phase-modulated signals with a small modulation index. Our new scheme overcomes the limitation due to digital noise defined by the analog-to-digital converter. Through simulations and experiments, we provide evidence that our method can improve the resolution of the demodulated digital signal, when the carrier-to-noise ratio of phase-modulated signals is limited by digital noise. Our proposed method is applicable, for example, to solve the problem of a possible degradation of measurement resolution after digital demodulation in heterodyne interferometers measuring small vibration amplitudes.