bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 pandemic 2020: a tertiary Melbourne hospital's experience
Authors: Farrow Brodie , Bonney Asha , Singh Kasha P. , Tong Steven , Irving Louis , Lim Wen Kwang , Lim Seok , Johnson Douglas , Marshall Caroline , Buising Kirsty , Liu Belinda , Cowie Benjamin , Rees Megan , Miller Alistair 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected different parts of Australia in distinct ways across 2020 and 2021. In 2020, Melbourne was the epicentre of COVID‐19. As one of the key tertiary centres caring for the patients affected by the outbreaks, the Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) managed the majority of the Victorian inpatient caseload.AimsTo review the demographics, management and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 cared for by the RMH services in 2020.MethodsA single health service retrospective cohort analysis of demographics, interventions and outcomes was conducted to characterise the RMH experience in 2020.ResultsFrom January to December 2020, 433 patients required admission more than 24 h. The demographics of affected patients and outcomes changed over the course of the study. Overall, 47% (203/433) required oxygen, most frequently (36%; 154/433) with low‐flow devices (nasal prongs or hudson mask), and 11% (47/433) of patients required admission to intensive care. We recorded a 30‐day mortality of 24% (104/433) mortality overall, rising to over 50% in patients aged over 80 years.ConclusionsThe experience of this health service in 2020 demonstrated changing demographics over time, with associated differences in outcomes; notably marked mortality in older populations, frequent complications and limited inter‐site transfer possible with mobilised resources.
Steroid Use for Recovery of advanced atrioVentricular block Immediately after VALvular surgery (SURVIVAL): A preliminary randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ghodsi Saeed , Masoudkabir Farzad , Hosseini Zahra , Davarpasand Tahereh , Yavari Negin , Mohebi Mehrnaz , Talasaz Azita H. , Jalali Arash , Ahmadi‐Tafti Seyed H. , Bagheri Jamshid , Hasanzadeh Hakimeh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrioventricular block (AVB) is an important complication following valvular surgery. Several factors including inflammation‐mediated injury might trigger AVB.MethodsPatients with advanced postoperative AVB were randomly assigned to receive either dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg, maximum 30 mg/day) intravenously for 3 days or conservative care only. Primary endpoint was recovery rate in Day 5 since randomization. Secondary endpoints were recovery rate in Day 7 and Day 10, cumulative AVB time, permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation rate, length of stay in critical care units, and postoperative major adverse events (MAE).ResultsWe enrolled 139 subjects (48.9% male) with mean age of 59.9 years randomly allocated to intervention group (n = 69) and control group (n = 70). Dexamethasone led to higher recovery rates at Day 5 (82.6% vs. 62.9%, p = .009) and Day 7 (88.4% vs. 61.4%, p < .0001) respectively. This benefit ceased at Day 10 (83.05% vs. 78.6%, p = .547). Median cumulative AVB time was shorter in dexamethasone group compared with control group (41 h vs. 64 h, p = .044). PPM implantation rates were similar between the dexamethasone and control groups (15.9% vs. 17.1%, respectively, p = .849). Median length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) (10 days vs. 12 days, p = .03) and MAE (17.4% vs. 25.7%, p = .133) tended to be lower with dexamethasone.ConclusionDexamethasone may serve as a safe and effective medication to help hasten recovery of advanced AVB after valvular surgery.
Device‐related infection associated with increased mortality risk in de novo transvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator medicare patients
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Liu Yiyan , Griffiths Robert I. , Knight Bradley P. , Weiss Raul , Mark George E. , Biffi Mauro , Probst Vincent , Lambiase Pier D. , Miller Marc A. , Jacobsen Caroline M. , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (TV‐ICD) infection is a serious complication that frequently requires complete device removal for attempted cure, which can be associated with patient morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess mortality risk associated with TV‐ICD infection in a large Medicare population with de novo TV‐ICD implants.MethodsA survival analysis was conducted using 100% fee‐for‐service Medicare facility‐level claims data to identify patients who underwent de novo TV‐ICD implantation between 7/2016 and 1/2018. TV‐ICD infection within 2 years of implantation was identified using International Classification of Disease, 10th Edition and current procedural terminology codes. Baseline patient risk factors associated with mortality were identified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index categories. Infection was treated as a time‐dependent variable in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to account for immortal time bias.ResultsAmong 26,742 Medicare patients with de novo TV‐ICD, 518 (1.9%) had a device‐related infection. The overall number of decedents was 4721 (17.7%) over 2 years, with 4555 (17%) in the noninfection group and 166 (32%) in the infection group. After adjusting for baseline patient demographic characteristics and various comorbidities, the presence of TV‐ICD infection was associated with an increase of 2.4 (95% CI: 2.08–2.85) times in the mortality hazard ratio.ConclusionThe rate of TV‐ICD infection and associated mortality in a large, real‐world Medicare population is noteworthy. The positive association between device‐related infection and risk of mortality further highlights the need to reduce infections
Destigmatizing perceptions about Black adolescent depression: randomized controlled trial of brief social contact–based video interventions
Authors: Martin Andrés , Calhoun Amanda , Páez José , Amsalem Doron 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo test the utility of brief social contact–based video interventions of a Black adolescent girl to reduce stigmatized attitudes and increase help‐seeking intentions around adolescent depression.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 14‐ to18‐year‐old healthy volunteers drawn from the general US population. We enrolled participants through a crowdsourcing platform (n = 1,093) and randomly assigned participants to one of three video conditions (117 s each): depressed (DEP); depressed, adjusted to aspects unique to being a Black adolescent girl (including experienced or internalized racism; ADJ); and control (CONT). The primary outcome was the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS); secondary outcomes were the General Health‐Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ), and thermometers for Black and white race perception “warmth”.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the DSS changed from baseline across the three conditions (p < .001). ADJ outperformed both DEP (p = .031) and CONT (p < .001). A race‐by‐intervention interaction (p < .001) revealed different response profiles between Black (ADJ = DEP = CONT; p = .726) and non‐Black participants (ADJ > DEP > CONT; p < .001). DEP and ADJ both resulted in higher treatment‐seeking intentions for both the emotional problems and the suicidal thought subscales of the GHSQ. We found a race‐by‐intervention interaction (p = .01) for the Black thermometer, which revealed a significant 2° increase in warmth among white (p < .001), but not Black, viewers (p = .06).ConclusionsOn a short‐term basis, brief social contact–based videos proved effective among adolescents in reducing depression‐related stigma, increasing help‐seeking intentions, and providing an “empathic foothold” in the lives of racially stigmatized groups. Even as the enduring effects of these interventions remain to be determined, the deployment on social media of short videos opens new opportunities to reach a large number of at‐risk youth.”
The burden of NAFLD in type 2 diabetic subjects from the general population: A Nationwide population‐based follow‐up study (NASHCO)
Authors: Nabi Oumarou , Boursier Jerome , Lapidus Nathanaël , Mathurin Philippe , de Ledinghen Victor , Petit Jean‐Michel , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Lacombe Karine , Serfaty Lawrence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology and natural history of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in diabetes have been mainly investigated in the hospital setting. The goal of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of NAFLD and its impact on morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic subjects in a community setting.MethodThis study included 199 341 participants in the nationwide Constances cohort. After patients with excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis or other causes of liver disease were excluded, 164 285 were analysed and 8386 (5.3%) were considered to have type 2 diabetes. The non‐invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis was made using a combination of the fatty liver index and Forns index. Median follow‐up was 2.5 years.ResultsDiabetes increased the risk of NAFLD by sixfold (adjusted OR 6.05, 95% CI 5.68‐6.45) and the risk of advanced fibrosis by 3.76‐fold (aOR 3.76, 95% CI 2.87‐4.91) in NAFLD subjects. After controlling for confounders, the presence of NAFLD in diabetic subjects was associated with an increased risk of severe liver‐related events (aHR 2.53, 95% CI 1.36‐4.69), cardiovascular disease (CVD, aHR 2.71, 95% CI 1.72‐4.26) and overall mortality (aHR 2.91, 95% CI 1.53‐5.53). The risk of hepatic and extrahepatic complications in diabetic subjects with NAFLD significantly increased with the severity of fibrosis (P < .05).ConclusionThis prospective, longitudinal study in a large community‐based cohort provides real‐world evidence of the risk for NAFLD and advanced fibrosis in diabetes, and its impact on liver disease progression, diabetes‐related complications such as CVD, and overall mortality. These data could be used to estimate real clinical and economic burden of NAFLD in diabetic subjects.
The Inhibitory Effect of Blue Light on Phagocytic Activity by ARPE‐19 Cells
Authors: Olchawa Magdalena M. , Herrnreiter Anja M. , Skumatz Christine M.B. , Krzysztynska‐Kuleta Olga I. , Mokrzynski Krystian T. , Burke Janice M. , Sarna Tadeusz J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChronic exposure of the retina to short wavelength visible light is a risk factor in pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration. The proper functioning and survival of photoreceptors depends on efficient phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) by retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phagocytic activity of blue light–treated ARPE‐19 cells, and to examine whether the observed effects could be related to altered levels of POS phagocytosis receptor proteins and/or to oxidation of cellular proteins and lipids. POS phagocytosis was measured by flow cytometry. Phagocytosis receptor proteins αv and β5 integrin subunits and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) were quantified by western blotting. The intact functional heterodimer αvβ5 was quantified by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. Cellular protein and lipid hydroperoxides were analyzed by coumarin boronic acid probe and iodometric assay, respectively. Cell irradiation induced reversible inhibition of specific phagocytosis and transient reductions in phagocytosis receptor proteins. Full recovery of functional heterodimer was apparent. Significant photooxidation of cellular proteins and lipids was observed. The results indicate that transient inhibition of specific phagocytosis by blue light could be related to the reduction in phagocytosis receptor proteins. Such changes may arise from oxidative modifications of cell phagocytic machinery components.
Association of HLA gene polymorphism with susceptibility, severity, and mortality of COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Deb Paroma , Zannat Kaniz‐e‐ , Talukder Shiny , Bhuiyan Amirul Huda , Jilani Md. Shariful Alam , Saif‐Ur‐Rahman K. M. 
Published: January 2022

HLA is crucial for appropriate immune responses in several viral infections, as well as in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS CoV‐2). The unpredictable nature of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID‐19), observed in both inter‐individual and inter‐population level, raises the question, to what extent the HLA, as part of host genetic factors, contribute to disease susceptibility and prognosis. We aimed to identify significant HLAs, those were investigated till now, for their association with COVID‐19. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science) and articles published between January 2020 and May 2021 were included for in‐depth analysis. Two separate teams including four observers independently extracted the summary data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021251670). Of 1278 studies identified, 36 articles were included consisting of 794,571 participants. Countries from the European region appeared in the highest number of studies and vice versa for countries from South East Asia. Among 117 significantly altered alleles, 85 (72.65%) were found to have a positive correlation with COVID‐19 and 33 (27.35%) alleles were observed having a negative correlation. HLA A*02 is the most investigated allele (n = 18) and showed contradictory results. Non‐classical HLA E was explored by only one study and it showed that E*01:01 is associated with severity. Both in silico and wet lab data were considered and contrasting results were found from two approaches. Although several HLAs depicted significant association, nothing conclusive could be drawn because of heterogeneity in study designs, HLA typing methods, and so forth. This systematic review shows that, though HLAs play role in COVID‐19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality, more uniformly designed, interrelated studies with the inclusion of global data, for use in evidence‐based medicine are needed.
Nursing knowledge of people with paresis of voluntary muscles: a living scoping review protocol
Authors: Neves Hugo , Parente Paulo , Gomes João , Queirós Carmen , Sousa Joana , Parola Vítor , Sousa Paula , Brito Alice , Paiva e Silva Antónia , Morais Ernesto Jorge , Cardoso Alexandrina , Cruz Ines , Machado Natália , Oliveira Fernando , Bastos Fernanda , Pereira Filipe , Prata Paula , Paiva e Silva Abel , Sequeira Carlos , Sousa Paulino 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to continuously map the nursing knowledge about people with paresis of voluntary muscles in any context of care.

Introduction:
Muscle paresis is a condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Nurses have a crucial role in managing this condition, particularly paresis of voluntary movement muscles. However, nursing knowledge about patients with paresis of voluntary muscles is dispersed, hampering the integration of evidence within the structure of information systems. Mapping how the nursing process components are identified is the first step in creating a Nursing Clinical Information Model for this condition, capable of integrating evidence into information systems.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies focusing on the nursing process regarding people with paresis of voluntary muscles in all care contexts. The review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods study designs, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, dissertations, and theses.

Methods:
The review process will follow JBI's scoping review guidance, as well as the Cochrane Collaboration's guidance on living reviews. Screening of new literature will be performed regularly, with the review being updated according to new findings. The search strategy will map published and unpublished studies. The databases to be searched will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Searches for unpublished studies will include OpenGrey and Repositorios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal. Studies published in English and Portuguese from 1975 will be considered for inclusion.

Registration:
Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/d7c9g/
Verification of Strain-Induced Fast Ionic Conduction in Thin-Film Electrolyte Via Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Ahn Junsung , Ji Ho Il , Kim Hyoungchul , Son Ji-Won , Jang Ho Won , Lee Jong-Ho 
Published: January 2022

Epitaxial strain engineering in nanostructured oxides has attracted great attention to various energy storage and conversion devices requiring fast ionic conduction, such as solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), catalytic membranes, and electrochemical sensors. Recently, remarkable enhancement of ionic conductivity has been achieved by the epitaxial strain in ultra-thin epitaxial and multi-layered films.1-3 However, the strain engineering still has some lack of understanding of how much enhancement can be achieved by strain, and how to maximize the strain in nanostructured oxides. Herein, for the reliable and effective strain engineering for fast ionic conduction, strain effect on oxygen ion conductivity of thin films (Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9-δ (100) : GDC) was investigated through both experimental study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
We measured the oxygen ion conductivity of GDC films grown in island growth mode on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) substrate. According to the conductivity measurement via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the activation energy for oxygen ion migration in out-of-plane direction was reduced with increase of film thickness. Furthermore, through careful strain analysis using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) and strain mapping in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the intrinsic tensile strain along column boundaries (CB) was found to be more predominant than the epitaxial strain formed at the film-substrate interface, thereby more strong tensile strain was observed in a thicker film having higher CB density. This general tendency of the activation energy change with respect to tensile strain was also verified by atomic-scale simulation in a highly doped CeO2 structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental and theoretical verification to show the critical role of intrinsic strain on fast ion conduction in thin film electrolyte. From this presentation, you will get a great inspiration to the strain-induced fast ionic conduction in oxide thin films to improve the availability of various energy devices.

References

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In Situ Measurement of Strain and Stress Evolution in Lithium Iron Phosphate Electrodes during Electrochemical Cycling
Authors: Çapraz Ömer Özgür , Lundberg Kimberly E. , White Scott R. , Gewirth Andrew A , Sottos Nancy R. 
Published: January 2022

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been widely commercialized in portable electronics. However, adoption of lithium-ion batteries in more demanding applications such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage has been hindered by capacity loss and poor performance. Although there has been enormous progress on the advancement of high capacity anode materials such as silicon, the current stage of the cathode performance is a limiting factor for the development of higher performance Li-ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4, (LFP) is a promising candidate material because it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and has a high theoretical capacity (170 mAh g-1). Unfortunately, LFP suffers from mechanical degredations and surface instabilities that lead to capacity fade. In this work, we investigate in situ stress and strain generation in LFP composite electrodes during battery charging – discharging. Repeated lithiation and delithiation cause continuous stress and strain evolution in the electrode due to lithium intercalation and the interaction between electrode and electrolyte species. Electrodes are constrained on substrate for stress measurements, whereas free-standing electrodes are fabricated for strain measurements. Digital image correlation (DIC) is utilized to measure in situ strain generation, whereas beam curvature technique is employed to monitor in situ stress evolution in the electrode. Electrodes are cycled between 2.6 to 4.4 V at different scan rates in various electrolytes. Strain and stress derivatives are calculated with respect to applied potential. The derivatives provide remarkable information about the evolution of surface stress and structural changes in the electrode due to phase transformations. Electrochemical stiffness is calculated by combining stress and strain. Changes in stiffness during electrochemical cycling reveal underlying mechanisms governing stress and strain evolution in the LFP electrode.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported as part of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science (CEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences.”
Modeling the Mechano-Chemical Coupling in a Compressed PEMFC MEA with Metallic Bipolar Plates
Authors: Zhang Heng , Xiao Liusheng , Sui Pang-Chieh , Djilali Ned 
Published: January 2022

Metallic bipolar plates are desirable for the automotive applications of PEMFCs because they offer excellent mechanical properties over the graphite-based bipolar plates. The flow channel configuration using metallic bipolar plates also enhances a stack’s power density. Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of metallic bipolar plates under compression and the impact of mechanical stress-strain on the transport/electrochemical reactions in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are reported in this paper. A two-dimensional MEA model with metallic bipolar plates is developed. A two-stage approach with one-way coupling is employed to study the effects of mechanical stress-strain on transport/electrochemistry, namely, solid mechanics of the model is first solved, followed by the solution of coupled heat and mass transport over the deformed geometry obtained from the solid mechanics solution. The transport equations solved include the conservation of mass, species/charged species, and energy. Transport properties such as the porosity, permeability and contact resistance of the MEA components are either obtained from published works or expressed as functions of strain in the model, which are derived from numerical reconstruction of the materials. Furthermore, membrane degradation reactions are modeled as a function of stress to gain insight to the mechano-chemical coupling in the MEA. The comprehensive model was solved using Multiphysics COMSOL software v.5.3.
Figure 1 shows the model with typical distributions of von Mises stress over the computational domain (note different scales of stress in the bipolar plates and the MEA), which are obtained by solving solid mechanics of the model. The stress and strain information of the solid mechanics solution as well as the deformed geometry are subsequently passed to the coupled heat and mass transport solution procedure to compute the distributions of species, potentials, and temperature. The present model establishes a platform to numerically investigate the interplay between mechanical responses and transport/electrochemistry in the MEA.

Figure 1