bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Drosophila homologue of CTIP1 (Bcl11a) and CTIP2 (Bcl11b) regulates neural stem cell temporal patterning
Authors: Fox Paul M. , Tang Jocelyn L. Y. , Brand Andrea H. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In the developing nervous system, neural stem cells (NSCs) use temporal patterning to generate a wide variety of different neuronal subtypes. In Drosophila, the temporal transcription factors, Hunchback, Kruppel, Pdm and Castor, are sequentially expressed by NSCs to regulate temporal identity during neurogenesis. Here, we identify a new temporal transcription factor that regulates the transition from the Pdm to Castor temporal windows. This factor, which we call Chronophage (or ‘time-eater’), is homologous to mammalian CTIP1 (Bcl11a) and CTIP2 (Bcl11b). We show that Chronophage binds upstream of the castor gene and regulates its expression. Consistent with Chronophage promoting a temporal switch, chronophage mutants generate an excess of Pdm-specified neurons and are delayed in generating neurons associated with the Castor temporal window. In addition to promoting the Pdm to Castor transition, Chronophage also represses the production of neurons generated during the earlier Hunchback and Kruppel temporal windows. Genetic interactions with Hunchback and Kruppel indicate that Chronophage regulates NSC competence to generate Hunchback- and Kruppel-specified neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that Chronophage has a conserved role in temporal patterning and neuronal subtype specification.
Validation, Recalibration, and Predictive Accuracy of Published V̇O2max Prediction Equations for Adults Ages 50–96 Yr
Authors: SCHUMACHER BENJAMIN T. , DI CHONGZHI , BELLETTIERE JOHN , LAMONTE MICHAEL J. , SIMONSICK ELEANOR M. , PARADA HUMBERTO , HOOKER STEVEN P. , LACROIX ANDREA Z. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Maximal oxygen uptake (

) is the criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of poor health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. Because

testing is resource intensive, several non–exercise-based V˙O2max prediction equations have been published. We assess these equations’ ability to predict measured V˙O2max, recalibrate these equations, and quantify the association of measured and predicted V˙O2max with all-cause mortality.

Methods
Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants with valid V˙O2max tests were included (n = 1080). Using published V˙O2max prediction equations, we calculated predicted V˙O2max and present performance metrics before and after recalibration (deriving new regression estimates by regressing measured V˙O2max on Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging covariates). Cox proportional hazards models were fit to quantify associations of measured, predicted, and recalibration-predicted values of V˙O2max with mortality.

Results
Mean age and V˙O2max were 69.0 ± 10.4 yr and 21.6 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1·min−1, respectively. The prediction equations yielded root mean square error values ranging from 4.2 to 20.4 mL·kg−1·min−1. After recalibration, these values decreased to 3.9–4.2 mL·kg−1·min−1. Adjusting for all covariates, all-cause mortality risk was 66% lower for the highest quartile of measured V˙O2max relative to the lowest. Predicted V˙O2max variables yielded similar estimates in unadjusted models but were not robust to adjustment.

Conclusions
Measured V˙O2max is an extremely strong predictor of all-cause mortality. Several published V˙O2max prediction equations yielded the following: 1) reasonable performance metrics relative to measured V˙O2max especially when recalibrated, and 2) all-cause mortality hazard ratios similar to those of measured V˙O2max, especially when recalibrated, yet 3) were not robust to adjustment for basic demographic covariates likely because these were used in the equation for predicted V˙O2max.
The potential utility of an augmented data collection approach in understanding the journey to care of pregnant women for maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response
Authors: Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi 
Published: September 2022

Background: The Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) proposed by the World Health Organization recognises the importance for health systems to understand the reasons underpinning the death of a pregnant woman or her newborn as an essential first step in preventing future similar deaths. Data for the surveillance component of the MPDSR process are typically collected from health facility sources and post-mortem interviews with affected families, though it may be traumatising to them. This brief report aimed to assess the potential utility of an augmented data collection method for mapping journeys of maternal and perinatal deaths, which does not require sourcing additional information from grieving family members. Methods: A descriptive analysis of maternal and perinatal deaths that occurred across all 24 public hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria, between 1st November 2018 and 30th October 2019 was conducted. Data on their demographic, obstetric history and complication at presentation, travel to the hospital, and mode of birth were extracted from their hospital records. The extracted travel data was exported to Google Maps, where driving distance and travel time to the hospital for the period of the day of travel were also extracted. Results: Of the 182 maternal deaths, most presented during the week (80.8%), travelled 5-10 km (30.6%) and 10-29 minutes (46.9%), and travelled to the nearest hospital to their places of residence (70.9%). Of the 442 pregnant women who had perinatal deaths, most presented during the week (78.5%), travelled <5 km (26.9%) and 10-29 minutes (38.0%). For both, the least reported travel data was the mode of travel used to care (>90.0%) and the period of the day they travelled (approximately 30.0%). Conclusion: An augmented data collection approach that includes accurate and complete travel data and closer-to-reality estimates of travel time and distance can be beneficial for MPDSR purposes.
A methylbenzimidazole derivative regulates mammalian circadian rhythms by targeting Cryptochrome proteins
Authors: Yagi Moeri , Miller Simon , Nagai Yoshiko , Inuki Shinsuke , Sato Ayato , Hirota Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2022

Background: Impairment of the circadian clock has been associated with numerous diseases, including sleep disorders and metabolic disease. Although small-molecules that modulate clock function may form the basis of drug discovery of clock-related diseases, only a few compounds that selectively target core clock proteins have been identified. Three scaffolds were previously discovered as small-molecule activators of the clock protein Cryptochrome (CRY), and they have been providing powerful tools to understand and control the circadian clock system. Identifying new scaffolds will expand the possibilities of drug discovery. Methods: A methylbenzimidazole derivative TH401 identified from cell-based circadian screens was characterized. Effects of TH401 on circadian rhythms were evaluated in cellular assays. Functional assays and X-ray crystallography were used to elucidate the effects of the compound on CRY1 and CRY2 isoforms. Results: TH401 lengthened the period of circadian rhythms and stabilized both CRY1 and CRY2. The compound repressed Per2 reporter activity, which was reduced by Cry1 or Cry2 knockout and abolished by Cry1/Cry2 double knockout, indicating the dependence on CRY isoforms. Thermal shift assays showed slightly higher interaction of TH401 with CRY2 over CRY1. The crystal structure of CRY1 in complex with TH401 revealed a conformational change of the gatekeeper W399, which is involved in isoform-selectivity determination. Conclusions: The present study identified a new small-molecule TH401 that targets both CRY isoforms. This compound has expanded the chemical diversity of CRY activators, and will ultimately aid in the development of therapeutics against circadian clock-related disorders.
Localized variation in ancestral admixture identifies pilocytic astrocytoma risk loci among Latino children
Authors: Li Shaobo , Chiang Charleston W. K. , Myint Swe Swe , Arroyo Katti , Chan Tsz Fung , Morimoto Libby , Metayer Catherine , de Smith Adam J. , Walsh Kyle M. , Wiemels Joseph L. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. PA has at least a 50% higher incidence in populations of European ancestry compared to other ancestral groups, which may be due in part to genetic differences.

Methods
We first compared the global proportions of European, African, and Amerindian ancestries in 301 PA cases and 1185 controls of self-identified Latino ethnicity from the California Biobank. We then conducted admixture mapping analysis to assess PA risk with local ancestry.

Results
We found PA cases had a significantly higher proportion of global European ancestry than controls (case median = 0.55, control median = 0.51, P value = 3.5x10-3). Admixture mapping identified 13 SNPs in the 6q14.3 region (SNX14) contributing to risk, as well as three other peaks approaching significance on chromosomes 7, 10 and 13. Downstream fine mapping in these regions revealed several SNPs potentially contributing to childhood PA risk.

Conclusions
There is a significant difference in genomic ancestry associated with Latino PA risk and several genomic loci potentially mediating this risk.
Association between contact with mental health and substance use services and reincarceration after release from prison
Authors: Thomas Emma G. , Spittal Matthew J. , Taxman Faye S. , Puljević Cheneal , Heffernan Edward B. , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: September 2022

Objective
People released from prison who experience mental health and substance use problems are at high risk of reincarceration. This study aimed to examine the association between contact with mental health and substance use treatment services, and reincarceration, among adults released from prison.

Methods
Pre-release survey data from 1,115 adults released from prisons in Queensland, Australia were linked with administrative health and correctional records covering a median of 787 days post-release. We constructed marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for pre-release variables and time-varying indicators of emergent mental health and substance use problems, to examine the association between contact with mental health and substance use treatment services, and reincarceration.

Results
The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for reincarceration associated with mental health service contact was 1.76 (95%CI 1.23,2.51). Among those not on parole following release, the AHR for reincarceration associated with substance use treatment service contact was 3.16 (95%CI 2.09,4.77); we found no evidence for an association among those who were released on parole (AHR = 1.07; 95%CI 0.80,1.43).

Conclusions
Although we cannot eliminate the possibility of residual confounding, our findings suggest that infrequent or unsustained contact with community-based mental health and substance use treatment services is not protective against reincarceration, and may even be iatrogenic. Increased investment in high-quality and timely behavioural health services for people released from prison may simultaneously improve health outcomes, and reduce reincarceration.
From harassment to disappearance: Young women’s feelings of insecurity in public spaces
Authors: Almanza Avendaño Ariagor Manuel , Romero-Mendoza Martha , Gómez San Luis Anel Hortensia 
Published: September 2022

Background
There are processes of gender socialization that increase the vulnerability of young women against a continuum of threats in the public space. This study explored the feeling of insecurity in public spaces among young women in a city located near the northern border of Mexico.

Methods and findings
This study was based on the tradition of grounded theory. Purposive sampling was used, and 24 group interviews were conducted with junior high school, high school and university students to understand the conditions that favour the emergence of the feeling of insecurity, its psychosocial consequences and management strategies. A computer-assisted qualitative analysis was performed using MAXQDA 18 software. The study showed that street harassment was manifested mainly as sexual harassment but generated a continuous threat of feminicide and disappearance. Young women experienced discomfort and restrictions on mobility, and they had to assume individual responsibility for their safety in the absence of support from the state.

Conclusions
The interaction between gender and age determines the vulnerability to crime in urban spaces. Future studies could analyse the chronic impact of this continuum of threats and develop psychosocial interventions that promote the empowerment of young women.
Generation of full-length circular RNA libraries for Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing
Authors: Fuchs Steffen , Babin Loélia , Andraos Elissa , Bessiere Chloé , Willier Semjon , Schulte Johannes H. , Gaspin Christine , Meggetto Fabienne 
Published: September 2022

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a noncoding RNA class with important implications for gene expression regulation, mostly by interaction with other RNA species or RNA-binding proteins. While the commonly applied short-read Illumina RNA-sequencing techniques can be used to detect circRNAs, their full sequence is not revealed. However, the complete sequence information is needed to analyze potential interactions and thus the mechanism of action of circRNAs. Here, we present an improved protocol to enrich and sequence full-length circRNAs by using the Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing platform. The protocol involves an enrichment of lowly abundant circRNAs by exonuclease treatment and negative selection of linear RNAs. Then, a cDNA library is created and amplified by PCR. This protocol provides enough material for several sequencing runs. The library is used as input for ligation-based sequencing together with native barcoding. Stringent quality control of the libraries is ensured by a combination of Qubit, Fragment Analyzer and qRT-PCR. Multiplexing of up to 4 libraries yields in total more than 1–2 Million reads per library, of which 1–2% are circRNA-specific reads with >99% of them full-length. The protocol works well with human cancer cell lines. We further provide suggestions for the bioinformatic analysis of the created data, as well as the limitations of our approach together with recommendations for troubleshooting and interpretation. Taken together, this protocol enables reliable full-length analysis of circRNAs, a noncoding RNA type involved in a growing number of physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Metadata
Associated content. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.rm7vzy8r4lx1/v2.
Arrhythmia Burden and Heart Rate Response During Exercise in Anderson-Fabry Disease
Authors: Powell Adam W. , Wittekind Samuel G. , Mays Wayne A. , Lang Sean M. , Knilans Timothy K. , Prada Carlos E. , Hopkin Robert J. , Chin Clifford 
Published: September 2022

Patients with Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) have an elevated incidence of resting arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease, but their exercise arrhythmia burden and ischemic changes are not well understood. In addition, little research has been done on heart rate recovery in these patients.
We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with AFD who underwent maximal effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) (n=44; 38.2 ± 13.8 yr; 23 men) from 2012 through 2018. Electrocardiographic, Holter monitoring, echocardiographic, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and patient demographic data were collected.
No patient had adverse events that necessitated CPET termination, whereas 25 (57%) had ectopy during CPET, including 3 (7%) with frequent premature atrial contractions and 5 (11%) with frequent premature ventricular contractions. The ectopic burden was higher during resting electrocardiographic monitoring before exercise. In addition, 7 patients (16%) had pathologic ST-segment or T-wave changes on CPET, defined as ST-segment changes ≥2 mm. Among the patients who had concurrent cardiac magnetic resonance findings with their CPET (n=27), ST-segment or T-wave changes were associated with left ventricular myocardial mass (r=0.43, P=0.02). Chronotropic incompetence was seen during CPET in 28 patients (64%); however, only 2 patients (4%) had abnormal heart rate recovery at 1 minute.
This study shows that patients with AFD can safely undergo exercise testing but have a high incidence of exercise-induced arrhythmias and ischemic changes. Ischemic electrocardiographic changes during exercise testing are associated with myocardial mass. Despite the chronotropic incompetence associated with AFD, heart rate recovery appears to be generally preserved in these patients.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL DENGAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR PADA KARYAWAN PT. PLN (PERSERO) DISTRIBUSI JAWA TENGAH DAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Adestyani Francisca Aully , Nurtjahjanti Harlina 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara psychological capital dengan organizational citizenship behavior pada karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Psychological capital diartikan sebagai kapasitas psikologis individu yang berkembang secara positif yang memiliki karakteristik efikasi diri, optimisme, harapan dan resiliensi, sedangkan organizational citizenship behavior diartikan perilaku diluar kewajiban formal karyawan, dilakukan secara sukarela dan berkelanjutan, yang akan meningkatkan produktivitas dan efektivitas perusahaan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 72 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan skala organizational citizenship behavior (28 aitem valid dengan α=0,920) dan skala psychological capital (24 aitem valid dengan α=0,869) yang telah diujicobakan pada 33 karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan nilai koefisien korelasi antara psychological capital dengan organizational citizenship behavior rxy=0,744 dengan p=0,000 (p<0,05). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan peneliti, yaitu terdapat hubungan positif antara psychological capital dengan organizational citizenship behavior karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dapat diterima. Psychological capital memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 55,3% pada organizational citizenship behavior dan sebesar 44,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DITINJAU DARI DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN ORANG TUA PADA SISWA RSBI SMA NEGERI 1 KAJEN KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Yanuarini Harmifa , Setyawan Imam , Desiningrum Dinie Ratri 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan, yang pertama untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial orang tua dengan motivasi berprestasi, dan kedua untuk mengetahui perbedaan motivasi berprestasi berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan orang tua.Subjek penelitian adalah siswa program RSBI di SMA Negeri 1 Kajen, dengan rincian 64 siswa digunakan dalam try out dan 173 siswa digunakan dalam penelitian. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara cluster random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan dua skala yaitu skala motivasi berprestasi yang terdiri dari 27 aitem dan skala dukungan sosial orang tua yang terdiri dari 29 aitem serta tingkat pendidikan orang tua yang terlampir dalam identitas subjek. Analisis data dengan menggunakan Korelasi Spearman Rank dan Anava.Hipotesis pertama diterima, ditunjukkan koefisien korelasi rxy= 0,473 dengan tingkat signifikansi p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Hasil analisis data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan positif yang signifikan antara variabel dukungan sosial orang tua dengan variabel motivasi berprestasi pada siswa program RSBI di SMA Negeri 1 Kajen. Artinya semakin positif dukungan sosial orang tua maka semakin tinggi pula motivasi berprestasinya atau semakin negatif dukungan sosial orang tua maka semakin rendah motivasi berprestasinya.Hipotesis yang kedua diperoleh hasil p.ayah=0,336 dan p.ibu=0,728 (p<0,05). Hasil tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa motivasi berprestasi yang dimiliki siswa berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan orang tua memiliki perbedaan yang tidak signifikan. Artinya siswa dengan tingkat pendidikan orang tua dasar, menengah, maupun tinggi memiliki motivasi berprestasi yang sedikit berbeda.
RESILIENSI PADA WIRAUSAHAWAN PENYINTAS GEMPA BUMI 27 MEI 2006 DI KECAMATAN WEDI KABUPATEN KLATEN
Authors: Cintakawati Adinda Riska , Masykur Achmad Mujab 
Published: September 2022

Peristiwa alam berupa bencana tentu menjadi sebuah pengalaman luar biasa bagi individu. Bencana yang pernah dialami oleh wirausahawan penyintas, diterima sebagai stimulus yang memberikan pengalaman dan mempengaruhi tingkat kesiapan dalam menghadapi bencana. Resiliensi adalah kemampuan seseorang untuk tidak menyerah dalam berbagai persoalan hidup yang sulit dan beradaptasi dengan keadaan tersebut untuk tetap pada kondisi stabil sehingga dapat meningkatkan diri untuk menjadi lebih baik lagi. Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dan menggambarkan proses resiliensi pada wirausahawan penyintas gempa bumi 27 Mei 2006 di Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten.Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis. Subjek berjumlah tiga orang dengan karakteristik wirausahawan yang memiliki tempat usaha yang roboh akibat gempa 27 Mei 2006 di Kecamatan Wedi Kabupaten Klaten. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa resiliensi pada subjek terbangun karena karakteristik dasar dari sifat subjek sebagai wirausahawan, jenis dan skala usaha, serta jarak waktu kejadian yang tergolong lama, selain faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi resiliensi secara umum, religiusitas ternyata menjadi faktor yang membantu subjek bangkit yang nampak dari subjek 3. Resiliensi harus ada pada wirausahawan agar dapat bangkit dan bertahan dari keterpurukan yang dialami akibat adanya gempa.