bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of interstitial lung disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer at baseline and after treatment with HER2-directed therapy: a real-world data analysis
Authors: Law Jeanna Wallenta , Campbell Alicyn , Weller Colin , Johanson Colden , Broome Ronda , Piault Elisabeth , Izano Monika , Schrag Andrew , Tran Mary , Brown Thomas D. , Kaplan Henry G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Using real-world data, interstitial lung disease (ILD) prevalence before and after HER2-directed therapy was estimated. Potential ILD risk factors in patients receiving HER2-directed therapy for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) were evaluated.

Methods
Adults with HER2-directed therapy for mBC initiated between September 25, 1998, and February 22, 2020 were, included. ILD was defined broadly as one or more of 64 lung conditions. Patients were followed until incident ILD, death, last contact, or study end.

Results
In total, 533 patients were identified with median age at mBC of 57, 51% had de novo mBC, 43% were ever smokers, 30% had lung metastases, 9% had thoracic radiation, 6% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 16% had prevalent ILD. ILD cumulative incidence at one year was 9% (95% CI 6%, 12%), with a median follow-up of 23 months. Smoking (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1, 4.8) and Black/African-American race (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6, 7.5) were significantly associated with ILD; HRs for preexisting lung conditions (HR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9, 3.8) and thoracic radiation (HR 2.3, 95% CI 0.8, 7.1) were not statistically significant. Prevalent ILD was associated with 13-fold greater occurrence of incident ILD. 85% of patients with prevalent or incident ILD were symptomatic.

Conclusions
This real-world population of patients with mBC had a high prevalence of ILD prior to HER2-directed therapy, reflecting the multifactorial causation of interstitial lung changes. The cumulative incidence of ILD in patients receiving HER2-directed therapy for mBC augments prior reports. Symptomatic presentation suggests an opportunity for early intervention.
Fungible and non-fungible tokens with snapshots in Java
Authors: Crosara Marco , Olivieri Luca , Spoto Fausto , Tagliaferro Fabio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany blockchain applications exchange tokens, such as bitcoin and ether, or implement them through smart contracts. A trend in blockchain is to apply standards for token interoperability, unchanged, from platform to platform, easing the design challenges with trusted and widely-used specifications. However, the exploitation of the target language semantics can result in technological advantages and more efficient contracts. This paper presents a re-engineering of OpenZeppelin’s implementation of the ERC-20 and ERC-721 standards in Takamaka, a Java framework for programming smart contracts. It describes a sound solution to the issue about the types allowed for the token holders and a novel implementation for making snapshots of tokens, based on tree maps, that is possible in Java, but not in Solidity, more efficient than the literal translation in Java from Solidity, within the Java virtual machine. Moreover, it applies to ERC-721 as well, where a snapshot mechanism was previously missing. The same snapshot mechanism can also be applied beyond the smart contracts for tokens.
Flicker electroretinogram in newborn infants
Authors: Hanson James V. M. , Weber Caroline , Pfäffli Oliver A. , Bassler Dirk , McCulloch Daphne L. , Gerth-Kahlert Christina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a flicker electroretinogram (ERG) protocol in term-born neonates as a potential tool for assessing preterm infants at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods
A custom flicker ERG protocol was developed for use with the hand-held RETeval® electrophysiology device. Feasibility of measuring flicker ERG through closed eyelids and without mydriasis was established in a pilot study enabling optimisation of the test protocol. Following this, healthy term-born neonates (gestational age 37–42 weeks) were recruited at the Neonatology clinic of the University Hospital Zurich. Flicker ERG recordings were performed using proprietary disposable skin electrodes during the first four days of life when the infants were sleeping. Flicker stimuli were presented at 28.3 Hz for a stimulus series at 3, 6, 12, 30, and 50 cd·s/m2, with two measurements at each stimulus level. Results were analysed offline. Flicker ERG peak times and amplitudes were derived from the averaged measurements per stimulus level for each subject.

Results
28 term-born neonates were included in the analysis. All infants tolerated the testing procedure well. Flicker ERG recording was achieved in all subjects with reproducible flicker ERG waveforms for 30 and 50 cd·s/m2 stimuli. Reproducible ERGs were recorded in the majority of infants for the weaker stimuli (with detectable ERGs in 20/28, 25/28, and 27/28 at 3, 6, and 12 cd·s/m2, respectively). Flicker ERG amplitudes increased with increasing stimulus strength, with peak times concurrently decreasing slightly.

Conclusion
Flicker ERG recording is feasible and reliably recorded in sleeping neonates through closed eyelids using skin electrodes and without mydriasis. Flicker ERG amplitude decreases for lower luminance flicker but remains detectable for 3 cd·s/m2 flicker in the majority of healthy term-born neonates. These data provide a basis to study retinal function in premature infants using this protocol.
Basic block coverage for search-based unit testing and crash reproduction
Authors: Derakhshanfar Pouria , Devroey Xavier , Zaidman Andy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSearch-based techniques have been widely used for white-box test generation. Many of these approaches rely on the approach level and branch distance heuristics to guide the search process and generate test cases with high line and branch coverage. Despite the positive results achieved by these two heuristics, they only use the information related to the coverage of explicit branches (e.g., indicated by conditional and loop statements), but ignore potential implicit branchings within basic blocks of code. If such implicit branching happens at runtime (e.g., if an exception is thrown in a branchless-method), the existing fitness functions cannot guide the search process. To address this issue, we introduce a new secondary objective, called Basic Block Coverage (BBC), which takes into account the coverage level of relevant basic blocks in the control flow graph. We evaluated the impact of BBC on search-based unit test generation (using the DynaMOSA algorithm) and search-based crash reproduction (using the STDistance and WeightedSum fitness functions). Our results show that for unit test generation, BBC improves the branch coverage of the generated tests. Although small ($\sim $
∼
1.5%), this improvement in the branch coverage is systematic and leads to an increase of the output domain coverage and implicit runtime exception coverage, and of the diversity of runtime states. In terms of crash reproduction, in the combination of STDistance and WeightedSum, BBC helps in reproducing 3 new crashes for each fitness function. BBC significantly decreases the time required to reproduce 43.5% and 45.1% of the crashes using STDistance and WeightedSum, respectively. For these crashes, BBC reduces the consumed time by 71.7% (for STDistance) and 68.7% (for WeightedSum) on average.
Limitations to Genuine Measurements in Ontological Models of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Tumulka Roderich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven an ontological model of a quantum system, a “genuine measurement,” as opposed to a quantum measurement, means an experiment that determines the value of a beable, i.e., of a variable that, according to the model, has an actual value in nature before the experiment. We prove a theorem showing that in every ontological model, it is impossible to measure all beables. Put differently, there is no experiment that would reliably determine the ontic state. This result shows that the positivistic idea that a physical theory should only involve observable quantities is too optimistic.
Knowledge of Wildlife, Hunting, and Human-felid Interactions in Maya Forest Communities of the Northern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Piña-Covarrubias Evelyn , Chávez Cuauhtémoc , Doncaster C. Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman-wildlife impacts threaten large-felid persistence in the northern Yucatán Peninsula, triggered largely by livestock depredation. We aimed to explore knowledge and attitudes about local wildlife in relation to husbandry practices, hunting habits, and human-wildlife interactions, in three Maya Forest communities. A questionnaire survey of 30 long-established smallholdings, where livelihood depended on a private fenced plot and surrounding communal forest, found wide knowledge of local wildlife, perception biases for abundances of game species, and preference for living amongst wild herbivores over carnivores. Interviewees had concerns about perceived year-on-year decreases in local wildlife, attributed to regular subsistence hunting by their communities. The few interviewees reporting large-felid attacks on their livestock subsequently altered management practices to prevent further attacks. The region suffers from a poverty trap of subsistence hunting by smallholders needing protein supplement potentially exacerbating depredation on the livestock that sustain their economies by large felids deprived of their natural prey.
Optimal linear income taxes and education subsidies under skill-biased technical change
Authors: Jacobs Bas , Thuemmel Uwe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper studies how linear tax and education policy should optimally respond to skill-biased technical change (SBTC). SBTC affects optimal taxes and subsidies by changing (1) direct distributional benefits of each policy instrument, (2) indirect, general-equilibrium effects on wages, and (3) education distortions. Analytically, the effect of SBTC on these three components is shown to be ambiguous. In simulations for the US economy, SBTC makes the optimal tax system more progressive and lowers optimal education subsidies. This is because for both income taxes and education subsidies; their direct distributional effects become more important, which more than offsets the larger general-equilibrium effects and increased education distortions.
Appreciating the Good Things in Life During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Evaluation of a Gratitude App
Authors: Kloos Noortje , Austin Judith , van ‘t Klooster Jan-Willem , Drossaert Constance , Bohlmeijer Ernst 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has had many negative consequences on the general public mental health. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of and satisfaction with an app with gratitude exercises to improve the mental health of people with reduced mental well-being due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as potential mechanisms of well-being change and dose–response relationships. A two-armed randomized controlled trial design was used, with two groups receiving the 6-week gratitude intervention app either immediately (intervention group, n = 424) or after 6 weeks (waiting list control group, n = 425). Assessments took place online at baseline (T0), six weeks later (T1) and at 12 weeks (T2), measuring outcomes (i.e., mental well-being, anxiety, depression, stress), and potential explanatory variables (i.e., gratitude, positive reframing, rumination). Linear mixed models analyses showed that when controlled for baseline measures, the intervention group scored better on all outcome measures compared to the control group at T1 (d = .24–.49). These effects were maintained at T2. The control group scored equally well on all outcome measures at T2 after following the intervention. Effects of the intervention on well-being were partially explained by gratitude, positive reframing, and rumination, and finishing a greater number of modules was weakly related to better outcomes. The intervention was generally appealing, with some room for improvement. The results suggest that a mobile gratitude intervention app is a satisfactory and effective way to improve the mental health of the general population during the difficult times of a pandemic.
Chemistry in earthquake: the active chemical role of liquid and supercritical waters in microfracturing at depth
Authors: Calcara Massimo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe role of water in the nucleation process of an earthquake and its contribution to the mainshock is ascertained by many models in its physical part, as a factor capable of altering the balance of pressures and thus influencing the effective pressure. Assuming that water is present at depth, starting from the observation of its molecular structure at various crustal pressure and temperature conditions, the present paper analyses water’s chemical role in relation with the rock matrix, and its response during microfracturing. The creation of a network of new void spaces produces a decrease of the water pressure. Water may respond at molecular scale differently, depending on its aggregation state. Effectively depressurisation has a limited influence on the liquid water, only if it does not cause the transition to the vapour phase. Conversely, depressurisation causes an instantaneous variation in the intermolecular structure of supercritical water (SCW). Specifically, the nearly total disappearance of its ionic characteristics: that means the severe drop of solubility constants. At the same time, the already low viscosity decreases too: SCW intrudes easily into new fissures. When the microcracks tend to close, SCW reacquires adequate ionic characteristics for the rise in density (isothermal pressurisation); hence, an intense water rock interaction starts with freshly opened surfaces. This process influences actively the subcritical crack growth too, again with differences between liquid and SCW: last one participates only when reacquires density. Summarising, it is likely that water plays a fundamental and active role in determining the rock weakening, once earthquake preparation process begin with the development of microcracks are forming, perhaps playing an active role in determining the main rupture. With different modalities according to its aggregation state.
Characterization of aggregate-stabilized dissolved organic matter release - A novel approach to determine soil health advances of conservation farming systems
Authors: Sae-Tun Orracha , Keiblinger Katharina M. , Rosinger Christoph , Mentler Axel , Mayer Herwig , Bodner Gernot 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Since principles of conservation agriculture mimic the soil conditions of undisturbed natural soils, linking aggregation and dissolved organic matter (DOM) occlusion would therefore provide a targeted descriptor for soil health advances of innovative farming systems. This study aimed to assess structure-related DOM patterns of conservation farming systems and underlying bio-chemical drivers by using a novel method for the combined analysis of aggregate breakdown and DOM release.

Methods
Soil samples were collected from conventional farming, conservation farming and natural reference soil systems over a wide range of soil types. Ultrasonication aggregate breakdown combined with continuous UV–Vis measurement was used to characterize DOM release from soil. Measures of breakdown dynamics were related to soil physical and chemical properties to determine the strongest predictors of DOM release.

Results
The quantity of DOM released and aggregate stabilization showed a steady continuum starting from standard farming through conservation agriculture towards reference soil systems. DOM released from reference soils however was less complex and occluded in more stable soil aggregates than arable soils. The overall DOM release dynamics are shaped by agricultural management with site-specific modifiers driving aggregation and mineral-organic interactions in soils.

Conclusions
The simultaneous quantification of aggregate breakdown and DOM release captures key biophysical effects in structure-related DOM stabilization and revealed significant differences between land-use and agricultural management systems. The linkage of physical with functional soil organic matter descriptors provides an improved approach to monitor soil health advances in arable cropping systems.
Do people care about loss probabilities?
Authors: Zeisberger Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a series of experiments, we provide evidence that people pay special attention to the probability of losing. We first analyze this behavior in the typically used one-shot choice tasks. We then extend our analysis to repeated decisions in choice tasks, as well as allocation and investment tasks. Additionally, we test both decision making under risk and under gradually removed uncertainty, as with decisions from experience. Our findings of explicit attention to loss probabilities contradict the predictions of normative and descriptive decision theories, such as Expected Utility Theory and (Cumulative) Prospect Theory. We suggest a value function with a jump rather than a kink at the reference point, which separates gains and losses.
The Real Law
Authors: Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThree movements that trace a certain understanding of law, from textual to spatial/material to spectacularised. The passages between the three movements are performed with the help of a visualisation that keeps on evolving, following the narrative of the legal understanding. This is accompanied by a thick description of instances from various iterations of an art performance/participatory game I have been performing in the past few years at various art and law institutions called escaping the lawscape. These hermeneutic tools help me situation the law from a critique of Habermasian rationality to a critique of Luhmannian functionality, only to arrive to a full aestheticisation of contemporary law as a spectacle that needs to prove its validity through social media and other techniques of packaging.
Measuring Competitiveness at NUTS3 Level and Territorial Partitioning of the Italian Provinces
Authors: D’Urso Pierpaolo , Giovanni Livia De , Sica Francesca G. M. , Vitale Vincenzina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a dashboard of indicators of territorial attractiveness at NUTS3 level in the framework of the EU Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI). Then, the Fuzzy C-Medoids Clustering model with multivariate data and contiguity constraints is applied for partitioning the Italian provinces (NUTS3). The novelty is the territorial level analized, and the identification of the elementary indicators at the basis of the construction of the eleven composite competitiveness pillars. The positioning of the Italian provinces is deeply analyzed. The clusters obtained with and without contraints are compared. The obtained partition may play an important role in the design of policies at the NUTS3 level, a route already considered by the Italian government. The analysis developed and the related set of indicators at NUTS3 level constitute an information base that could be effectively used for the implementation of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP).
Numerical investigation of laboratory hydraulic fracturing tests in Pocheon granite
Authors: Farkas Márton Pál , Hofmann Hannes , Zimmermann Günter , Zang Arno , Zhuang Li , Kim Kwang Yeom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates numerically several hydraulic fracturing experiments that were performed on intact cubic Pocheon granite samples applying different injection protocols. The goal of the laboratory experiments is to test the concept of cyclic soft stimulation which aims to increase permeability sustainably among others. The Irazu 2D numerical code is used to simulate explicitly coupled hydraulic diffusion and fracturing processes under bi-axial stress conditions. Using the hybrid finite-discrete element modelling approach, we test two injection schemes, constant-rate continuous injection and cyclic progressive injection on homogeneous and heterogeneous samples. Our study focuses on the connection between the geometry of hydraulic fractures, fracturing mechanisms and the permeability increase after injection. The models capture several characteristics of the hydraulic fracturing tests using a time-scaling approach. The numerical simulation results show good agreement with the laboratory experiments in terms of pressure evolution characteristics and fracture pattern. Based on the simulation results, the constant-rate continuous and cyclic progressive injection schemes applied to heterogeneous rock sample with pre-existing fractures show the highest hydraulic aperture increase, and thus permeability enhancement.
Use of a Distributed Micro-sensor System for Monitoring the Indoor Particulate Matter Concentration in the Atmosphere of Ferroalloy Production Plants
Authors: Myklebust Håkon , Aarhaug Thor Anders , Tranell Gabriella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAirborne particulate matter (PM) is a concern for both occupational health and the environment, and, in the ferroalloy industry, the level of such particles in the air can be considerable. Small, low-cost sensors for measuring PM have generated interest in recent years, providing widespread monitoring of PM levels in the environment. However, such sensors have not yet been sufficiently tested under conditions relevant for the indoor environment of the metallurgical industry. This study aims to bridge this gap by benchmarking the commercial, low-cost Nova PM SDS011 particle sensor in two different ferroalloy plants. Benchmarking was performed against the Fidas 200S, which has been suitability-tested and certified according to the latest EU requirements (EN 15267, EN 16450). Twelve Nova sensors were tested over 3 months at a silicomanganese alloy (SiMn) plant, and 35 sensors were tested during 1 month at a silicon (Si) plant. The results showed that the low-cost Nova sensors exhibited all the same trends and peaks in terms of PM concentration, but measured lower dust concentrations than the Fidas 200S. The difference was larger at the silicon plant, which is in line with expectations, due to the size and mass fractions of particles in Si dust compared to SiMn dust, and to the larger measurement range of the Fidas, measuring down to 180 nm compared to the Nova which measures down to 300 nm. Despite the difference in absolute values, the Nova sensors were found to provide data for comparing dust levels over time for different processes, at different locations, and under different operational conditions.
The relative class number one problem for function fields, I
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe reduce the classification of finite extensions of function fields (of curves over finite fields) with the same class number to a finite computation; complete this computation in all cases except when both curves have base field $$\mathbb {F}_2$$

F
2

and genus $$>1$$

>
1

; and give a conjectural answer in the remaining cases. The conjecture will be resolved in subsequent papers.