bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a fully automated analytical platform based on static headspace‐gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of five N‐nitrosamines in dried aquatic products of animal origin
Authors: Huang Minxing , Zeng Qiuxia , Liu Zhipeng , Chen Xiaochu , Gao Yufeng , Wang Guihua , Yu Goubin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of rapid and sensitive monitoring methods for trace N‐nitrosamines (NAs) in foodstuffs is essential for mitigating the potential health risks to consumers. In the present study, an analytical platform based on one step fully automated static headspace sampling and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) was developed and validated for the analysis of N‐nitrosamines in dried aquatic products of animal origin. The samples and sodium chloride solution mixture were incubated in a heated headspace vial for analyte evaporation, coupled to automatic sampling and online GC‐MS/MS analysis. The proposed method requires minimal sample preparation and organic solvent consumption. Five N‐nitrosamines including N‐nitroso dimethylamine, N‐nitroso methyl ethylamine, N‐nitroso pyrolidine, N‐nitroso piperidine and N‐nitroso diphenylamine were selected as model compounds to optimize the significant factors by a using Box–Behnken design.RESULTSThe optimum conditions achieved limits of detections in the range 0.08–0.29 μg kg−1, with correlation coefficient over 0.998. Relative recoveries in dried aquatic product sample were in the range 76.9–92.4%, with relative SDs of 1.9–7.2%.CONCLUSIONThese results confirm the reliability of the developed method for further application in trace level monitoring of the target analytes in foodstuffs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nutritional and bioactive components of rice‐chickpea based snacks as affected by severe and mild extrusion cooking
Authors: Altaf Uzma , Hussain Syed Zameer , Naseer Bazila , Amin Tawheed , Bashir Omar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere extrusion cooking (SEC) has been extensively explored for product development and has been compared with mild extrusion cooking (MEC). Different blends of chickpea‐rice flour for extrusion can be used to achieve a balance between nutritive value and valued product characteristics. This study was therefore designed to optimize the severe and mild extrusion conditions for rice‐chickpea flour blends to cater for increasing consumer demand for snacks with the aim of comparing the effects of severe and mild extrusion cooking (MEC) on nutritional quality.ResultsThe results revealed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage reduction in sucrose during severe extrusion (46.85%) compared to mild extrusion (7.88%). Likewise, the percentage increase in maltose, glucose, and fructose was significantly (P < 0.05) higher during SEC than during mild extrusion. Total phenolic content increased by 13.96% during mild extrusion, whereas, during severe extrusion it decreased by 15%. Total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity decreased by 11.11% and 15.63%, respectively, during severe extrusion whereas, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity increased by 13.17% and 24.29%, respectively, during MEC. The loss in condensed tannin content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (33.82%) during SEC than with MEC (12.05%). With regard to amino acids, the maximum loss was observed in methionine (53.38%) followed by lysine (40.63%) during SEC. However, the mineral content was found to increase during SEC.ConclusionThis study revealed that MEC is superior to SEC in terms of minimizing deleterious effects on overall nutritional value of ready‐to‐eat snacks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel Chitosan Dermal Filler with Enhanced Moldability and Elasticity
Authors: Kim Jie Young , Kim Su Hee , Choi Min‐Ha , Lee Soo Hee , Cha Misun , Park Ji‐Ung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrently, dermal fillers are largely based on commercialized cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, which require a large injection force. Additionally, HA can be easily decomposed by enzymes, and HA‐treated tissues present a risk of developing granuloma. In this study, a chitosan‐based dermal filler is presented that operates on a liquid‐to‐gel transition and allows the injection force to be kept ≈4.7 times lower than that required for HA injections. Evaluation of the physical properties of the chitosan filler indicates high viscoelasticity and recovery rate after gelation at 37 °C. Furthermore, in an in vivo evaluation, the liquid injection‐type chitosan filler transitions to a gel state within 5 min after injection into the body, and exhibits a compressive strength that is ≈2.4 times higher than that of cross‐linked HA. The filler also exhibits higher moldability and maintains a constant volume in the skin for a longer time than the commercial HA filler. Therefore, it is expected that the chitosan filler will be clinically applicable as a novel material for dermal tissue restoration and supplementation.
The development of negative emotional scenes of teachers database
Authors: Chen Li , Liu Zhengyi , Li Xiaoqian , He Mengting , Wang Bin , Wu Xiaofei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study developed a database of negative emotional scenes experienced by primary and secondary school teachers in real life. The database consisted of 70 negative emotional scenes of teachers and the description of each scene was reported and rated on four dimensions: valence, arousal, dominance and frequency.
Finite‐time estimation of second‐order linear time‐invariant systems in the presence of delayed measurement
Authors: Zekraoui Salim , Espitia Nicolás , Perruquetti Wilfrid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we design a nonlinear observer for second‐order linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems in the observable form with measurement delay. The design guarantees the convergence of the error state to the origin within a finite‐time that depends on the initial conditions. To accomplish this, we reformulate the original system into a cascade ODE–PDE system where the PDE part is a transport equation that models the effect of the delay on the output. We construct the nonlinear gains in a way that ensures the error system to be finite‐time stable (FTS). To prove this, we use an invertible backstepping transformation to convert the error system into a target system which is shown to be finite‐time stable using Lyapunov‐based analysis and homogeneity tools. We use the inverse transformation to transfer this property to the error system.
Hamilton transversals in random Latin squares
Authors: Gould Stephen , Kelly Tom 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGyárfás and Sárközy conjectured that every Latin square has a “cycle‐free” partial transversal of size . We confirm this conjecture in a strong sense for almost all Latin squares, by showing that as , all but a vanishing proportion of Latin squares have aHamiltontransversal, that is, a full transversal for which any proper subset is cycle‐free. In fact, we prove a counting result that in almost all Latin squares, the number of Hamilton transversals is essentially that of Taranenko's upper bound on the number of full transversals. This result strengthens a result of Kwan (which in turn implies that almost all Latin squares also satisfy the famous Ryser–Brualdi–Stein conjecture).
Porous Silica Support for Immobilizing Chiral Metal Catalyst: Unravelling the Activity of Catalyst on Asymmetric Organic Transformations
Authors: Shukla Meenakshi S. , Hande Pankaj E. , Chandra Sudeshna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of chiral metal catalysts in asymmetric reactions has developed a new forte for researchers worldwide to boost chiral synthesis in various sectors. By controlling specific interactions among chiral ligands, metal catalysts and the support material, one can design a more selective and efficient chiral heterogeneous catalytic system. Silica has been extensively used as support material in various heterogeneous systems due to its activity, stability, better recovery, and recyclability. This review details recent advances in preparation of the silica suppported chiral catalysts and their applications for various chiral transformatios such as Aldol reaction, Henry reaction, transfer hydrogenation, epoxidation, Passerini reaction etc. The review also covers different mechanisms of immobilization viz., adsorption, electrostatic and covalent interactions. The interaction mechanism of chiral metal catalyst with silica support and factors like matrix pore size and ligand confinement that influence the catalytic performance of enantioselective transformations have also been discussed.
PumpItUp – gite mobile für die Kulturhauptstadt Esch‐sur‐Alzette 2022
Authors: Stimpfle Bernd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDer Wanderweg des Minette Trail verbindet im Rahmen der europäischen Kulturhauptstadt Esch2022 elf bedeutende Orte im Süden Luxemburgs. Entlang dieser Route entstanden elf außergewöhnliche Herbergen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das pneumatische Projekt PumpItUp von der Entwurfsphase bis zur Ausführung und Montage.
Candidate genes for anthocyanin pigmentation in rice stem revealed by GWAS and whole‐genome resequencing
Authors: Haghi Reza , Ahmadikhah Asadollah , Fazeli Arash , Shariati Vahid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnthocyanin pigment as a phenolic secondary metabolite is accumulated in areal organs of some rice cultivars. Despite several research attempts, the majority of genomic regions and candidate genes for purple‐colored stem (Ps) resulting from anthocyanin pigmentation of rice leaf sheath have not been identified. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and whole‐genome resequencing (WGR) analysis was applied for genetic dissection of anthocyanin pigmentation of rice stem. Using GWAS, the genomic regions (on chromosomes 2, 4, and 6) tagged to eight single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified to be significantly associated with purple stem, and in the vicinity of GWAS signals, 19 genes were highlighted as putative candidate genes. To narrow down the genomic regions more highly associated to the trait, a WGR study on recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with opposite phenotypes was conducted. After defining the DNA variation between reference genome, maternal parent and the two sister lines, a narrow genomic region on the short arm of chromosome 6 (4.7–6.2 Mbp interval) was identified to be highly associated with anthocyanin pigmentation of rice stem. In the interval, a few candidate genes with probable role in anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation were identified, which included five structural genes involved in the known pathways [one chalcone isomerase (CHI), two glycosyl transferases, and two UDP‐flavonoid‐3‐O‐glucosyl (UFGT) transferases] and two transcription factors [one basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)‐ and one myeloblastosis (MYB)‐coding genes]. The identified candidate genes can be used in breeding programs of rice or other Gramineae species for anthocyanin accumulation in areal organs.
Model‐based investigation of the chemical phosphorus removal potential of the peroxide regenerated iron‐sulfide control technology
Authors: Ismail Amr , Jang Eunkyung , Schraa Oliver , Walton John R. , Zamanzadeh Mirzaman , Elbeshbishy Elsayed , Santoro Domenico 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, the potential of using peroxide regenerated iron‐sulfide control (PRI‐SC®) for chemical phosphorus removal utilizing the existing iron sulfide found in wastewaters was investigated in batch tests and compared in full‐scale facility‐wide simulations to using iron salts. PRI‐SC is a combination treatment that utilizes iron salts and hydrogen peroxide in a synergetic fashion, where hydrogen peroxide is used in regenerating the spent iron salt in situ in the form of iron sulfide, yielding ferric iron and colloidal sulfur. A simplified kinetic model was developed, calibrated, and integrated into a facility‐wide model to simulate the process at the full‐scale. Experimental results showed that dosing hydrogen peroxide, even at doses lower than the stoichiometrically required to oxidize iron sulfide, freed, and oxidized sulfide bound ferrous iron to ferric iron, which was consequently hydrolyzed and affected phosphorus removal. Higher dosing of hydrogen peroxide did not affect change in the speciation of sulfur remaining predominantly as elemental sulfur. Simulations showed that the application of PRI‐SC with supplemental ferric iron dosing was able to cut the costs of chemicals addition up to 53% while maintaining a steady‐state effluent phosphate concentration below 0.01 mg/L.Practitioner points

The kinetic model was used to optimize ferric iron and hydrogen peroxide dosing.
The developed model can be integrated in existing wastewater process simulators.
Dosing hydrogen peroxide effectively oxidized ferrous iron to ferric iron.
The combination of hydrogen peroxide and iron salts can reduce the chemical addition cost by 53%.
Integral bremsstrahlung energy as an inbuilt standard in energy‐dispersive electron probe microanalysis
Authors: Karmanov Nikolay Semenovich , Kanakin Sergei Vasilievich , Lavrent'ev Yuri Grigorievich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo improve the accuracy of the energy‐dispersive electron probe microanalysis (EPMA EDS) without measuring the probe current, it is proposed to normalize the measured analyte net X‐ray intensity to the bremsstrahlung integral energy of the analyzed sample. The integral energy is calculated using a modified Kramers formula, the parameters of which have been refined based on processing the spectra of single‐element samples (4 ≤ Z ≤ 83), acquired in the incident electrons energy range from 10 to 25 keV. The dependence of the bremsstrahlung integral energy on the atomic number of the sample and the incident electrons energy is obtained, and recommendations are given for calculating the mean atomic number of multicomponent samples. It is shown that even with a significant variation (within a factor of 2 or more) of the probe current or the X‐ray gathering solid angle, the use of the proposed normalization method improves the reproducibility of analysis to a value characteristic of measurements at a stable probe current and a standing solid angle. The method is recommended for the development of standardless EPMA EDS.
Introduction: Encounters and Trading Practices
Authors: Ahlbeck Jutta , Östman Ann-Catrin , Stark Eija 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, the circulation and exchange of various goods increased considerably, which affected trade on global, regional, and local levels. This volume uncovers one important yet neglected form of emerging itinerant livelihoods—namely, ambulatory petty trade—and how it was practiced in Northern Europe during the period 1820–1960. Northern Europe includes here the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark), the Arctic and Subarctic Europe, and northern Estonia. The introductory chapter presents central concepts, such as livelihoods, petty trade, social and cultural encounters, along with theoretical premises, such as situated practices and materiality that underlie the collection. With the period chosen, 1820–1960, the chapter points to continuities and changes when it comes to inequalities and various forms livelihoods in the Nordic region.
Validation of the $$\gamma \text{-Re }_{\theta }$$ Transition Model for Airfoils Operating in the Very Low Reynolds Number Regime
Authors: Carreño Ruiz Manuel , D’Ambrosio Domenic 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) are state of the art in the aerospace industry and are involved in many operations. The reduced dimensions of these vehicles generate very low Reynolds number conditions in which separation-induced transition typically occurs. The extremely large computational cost of scale resolving simulations, which are capable of capturing laminar to turbulent transition, is prohibitive for most engineering and design applications. Therefore, it becomes very interesting to couple transition models with conventional Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations to allow the prediction of transition to turbulence at a reduced computational cost. This paper performs an investigation of the application of the$$\gamma \text{-Re }_{\theta }$$γ-Reθtransition model analysing different empirical correlations available in literature and studying the influence of the relevant model parameters using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+. The flow around the Eppler 387, Selig/Donovan 7003 and Ishii airfoils has been studied for different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack comparing the drag and lift forces and separation bubble characteristics with experimental and numerical results reported in literature.
Can we Modulate Therapeutic Interpersonal Style Experimentally to Address Alliance? A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Schamong Isabel , Bollmann Simon , Struck Nele , Kube Tobias , D’Astolfo Lisa , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
With a lack of experimental designs that explore which therapeutic style is helpful for which patient, the aim of this study was to test the feasibility of experimentally varying the therapeutic style under realistic conditions and to investigate how this affects alliance ratings by clients and counselors.

Methods
We defined two manualized therapeutic styles (neutral/distant relational style vs. high affiliation relational style) based on the interpersonal circumplex. In a randomized two-group design, 64 healthy university students (70% female, Mage = 23.78, SDage = 2.81) received a single psychological counseling session on interpersonal conflicts by one of four counselors and in one of the two styles. We checked the manipulation success using observer-rated degree of affiliation and ratings of counselors’ interpersonal behavior with the Interpersonal Message Inventory (IMI-R). A series of linear regression models analyzed whether the style predicted working alliance, assessed via the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI).

Results
In accordance with the hypotheses, significant differences in the rated degree of affiliation (p ≤ .001) and IMI-R ratings (p ≤ .001 in friendly, p = .003 in hostile dimension) were found between the two groups. Overall, alliance ratings were high across groups and raters (WAI overall scores ranging from 3.76 to 4.07). The style did not predict clients’ alliance ratings.

Conclusion
The experimental variation of the therapeutic style proved feasible under realistic conditions with high overall alliance ratings. The novel experimental design may provide a basis for further research.
What Ontology for Relational Quantum Mechanics?
Authors: Dorato Mauro , Morganti Matteo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate some proposals that have been put forward to clarify the ontological consequences of relational quantum mechanics. We first focus on priority monism and ontic structural realism and argue that these views are not suitable for providing an ontological interpretation of the theory. Then, we discuss an alternative interpretation that we regard as more promising, based on so-called ‘metaphysical coherentism’, which we also connect to the idea of an event-based, or ‘flash’, ontology.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effect of a Blood-Brain Barrier-Crossing Fusion Protein Therapeutic for Alzheimer’s Disease in Rat and Dog
Authors: Lessard Etienne , Rennie Kerry , Haqqani Arsalan , Ling Binbing , Whitfield James , Paradis Andrea , Araujo Joseph , Yoganathan Nathan , Gillard John , Stanimirovic Danica , Chakravarthy Balu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We have recently demonstrated the brain-delivery of an Amyloid-ß oligomer (Aßo)-binding peptide-therapeutic fused to the BBB-crossing single domain antibody FC5. The bi-functional fusion protein, FC5-mFc-ABP (KG207-M) lowered both CSF and brain Aß levels after systemic dosing in transgenic mouse and rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For development as a human therapeutic, we have humanized and further engineered the fusion protein named KG207-H. The purpose of the present study was to carry out comparative PK/PD studies of KG207-H in wild type rat and beagle dogs (middle-aged and older) to determine comparability of systemic PK and CSF exposure between rodent species and larger animals with more complex brain structure such as dogs.

Method
Beagle dogs were used in this study as they accumulate cerebral Aß with age, as seen in human AD patients, and can serve as a model of sporadic AD. KG207-H (5 to 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and serum and CSF samples were serially collected for PK studies and to assess target engagement. KG207-H and Aβ levels were quantified using multiplexed selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.

Results
After systemic dosing, KG207-H demonstrated similar serum pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs. KG207-H appeared in the CSF in a time- and dose-dependent manner with similar kinetics, indicating CNS exposure. Further analyses revealed a dose-dependent inverse relationship between CSF KG207-H and Aß levels in both species indicating target engagement.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates translational attributes of BBB-crossing Aβ-targeting biotherapeutic KG207-H in eliciting a pharmacodynamic response, from rodents to larger animal species.
Logical empiricism in Turkish exile: Hans Reichenbach’s research and teaching activities at Istanbul University (1933–1938)
Authors: Roure Pascale 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, I seek to shed new light on a lesser-known stage of the development of Hans Reichenbach’s thought, namely his research, output and teaching activities at Istanbul University (1933–1938). I argue that the experience of Turkish exile was decisive in the elaboration of Reichenbach’s probability theory of meaning and knowledge. His workExperience and Prediction, produced while in Istanbul, should therefore be put in its Turkish context of elaboration and reception. To this end, I will take into consideration not only Reichenbach’s efforts to popularize and extend the Berlin Group’s program of scientific philosophy in Turkey and throughout Europe in the 1930s, but also the forgotten work of Reichenbach’s students—most of them women—at Istanbul University.
An EHL Extension of the Unsteady FBNS Algorithm
Authors: Hansen Erik , Kacan Altay , Frohnapfel Bettina , Codrignani Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany engineering applications rely on lubricated gaps where the hydrodynamic pressure distribution is influenced by cavitation phenomena and elastic deformations. To obtain details about the conditions within the lubricated gap, solvers are required that can model cavitation and elastic deformation effects efficiently when a large amount of discretization cells is employed. The presented unsteady EHL-FBNS solver can compute the solution of such large problems that require the consideration of both mass-conserving cavitation and elastic deformation. The execution time of the presented algorithm scales almost with$$N\log (N)$$Nlog(N)whereNis the number of computational grid points. A detailed description of the algorithm and the discretized equations is presented. The MATLAB$$^{\copyright }$$©code is provided in the supplements along with a maintained version on GitHub to encourage its usage and further development. The output of the solver is compared to and validated with analytical, simulated, and experimental results from the literature to provide a detailed comparison of different discretization schemes of the Couette term in presence of gap height discontinuities. As a final result, the most favorable scheme is identified for the unsteady study of surface textures in ball-on-disc tribometers under EHL conditions.