bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Patient With Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Höybye Charlotte , Tauber Maithé 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, multisystemic, genetic disorder involving the hypothalamus. It is caused by loss of expression of paternally inherited genes in chromosome 15 q11-13 region. The estimated incidence is around 1 in 20.000 births. PWS is characterized by a complex lifelong trajectory involving neurodevelopmental, nutritional, endocrine, metabolic, and behavioral changes. The major symptoms are hypotonia, short stature, hypogonadism, and eating disorders ranging from anorexia in infancy to hyperphagia, a deficit of satiety, and a high risk of severe obesity. The patients display intellectual disability comprising cognitive deficit, delayed motor and language development, learning deficits, impaired social skills, and emotional regulation. Behavioral features including temper outbursts, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive symptoms and rigidity are common and become more apparent with increasing age. Almost all have hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency. Central adrenal insufficiency is rare whereas central hypothyroidism occurs in up to 30% of children with PWS. The prevalence of obesity increases with age from almost none in early childhood to more than 90% in adulthood. Up to 25% of adults with obesity have type 2 diabetes. Obesity and its complications are the major causes of comorbidity and mortality in PWS. As there is no specific treatment, care consists of comprehensive management of feeding disorders, a restricted, controlled diet, regular exercise, hormone substitution, and screening and treatment of comorbidities. Here we present the course of PWS from birth to adulthood in 2 patients and discuss their symptoms in relation to the literature.
Keeping warfarin patients safe during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of an INR self-testing programme
Authors: Gee Emma , Pol Angeline , Kittoe Kwesi , Coker Folusho , Speed Victoria 
Published: February 2022

Background: Anticoagulation clinics faced an unprecedented challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic to safely manage patients on warfarin therapy. Methods: A London teaching hospital trust received INR point-of-care (POC) testing devices from its clinical commissioning group. The Trust distributed the devices to patients who were cognitively and physically able to self-test and evaluated clinical outcomes and patient experience. Findings: A significant improvement in warfarin control (mean time in therapeutic range (TTR) before POC 52%, standard deviation (SD) 24.8, vs mean after 60.7%, SD 19.7; P>0.009) and a 39% reduction in missed appointments were seen in self-testing patients. Positive patient satisfaction and lifestyle outcomes were identified through a telephone survey. A minority of patients struggled with the technique, leading to frustration. Some patients used many test strips through unsuccessful and additional tests. Conclusion: POC testing in a carefully selected group of patients on warfarin therapy resulted in positive clinical and patient satisfaction outcomes. Appropriate governance processes are needed, and clinical expertise is required to support patients. Cost-effectiveness of POC testing needs careful monitoring.
Antiseptic versus non-antiseptic solutions for preventing infection in acute traumatic wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Soeselo Daniel Ardian , Yolanda Rennie , Zita Maria , Theresia Sandy , Astiarani Yunisa , Santi Bryany Titi 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of antiseptic solutions to that of non-antiseptic solutions in reducing wound infection rate, reducing bacterial load and improving wound healing. Method: We searched PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ProQuest Medical Database and medRxiv for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antiseptic solutions with non-antiseptic solutions in simple, uncomplicated acute traumatic wounds. Qualitative data synthesis was employed. Risk of bias was assessed and GRADE assessment was used to evaluate quality of evidence. Results: In this systematic review, four studies with a total of 875 participants were included, of which two studies showed a significant reduction of wound infection rate using povidone-iodine (p=0.001 and p=0.03). The use of non-antiseptic solutions significantly increased bacterial load on acute traumatic wounds (p=0.0001). The quality of evidence was very low. No studies reported on wound healing outcome. Conclusion: No robust conclusions can be implemented in clinical practice. Future studies are needed to compare the use of antiseptic and non-antiseptic solutions in acute traumatic wounds.
Effect ofPseudomonascolonisation on lower limb venous ulcer healing: a systematic review
Authors: Toale Conor , Kelly Aisling , Leahy Fiona , Meagher Helen , Stapleton Patrick J , Moloney Michael A , Kavanagh Eamon G 
Published: February 2022

Objective:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that commonly colonises lower limb venous ulcers. Its effects on venous ulcer healing are widely debated. It produces exotoxins and elastase, as well as forming biofilms in hard-to-heal wounds. It is postulated that these virulence factors lead to slower healing times in patients with lower limb venous ulcers colonised with Pseudomonas. This review aimed to summarise the available evidence pertaining to this topic.Method:A systematic review was performed in August 2019, where the Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase databases were searched for relevant literature according to PRISMA guidelines. Retrospective and prospective studies examining the effect of Pseudomonas colonisation on any measure of ulcer healing were included.Results:Some 282 articles were screened, of which seven studies including 491 patients were ultimately included for analysis. Of these, no study demonstrated a significant association between Pseudomonas colonisation and delayed healing of venous ulcers. In five of the seven studies, the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on initial ulcer size at presentation was recorded.Conclusion:All the studies demonstrated an association between ulcer size and the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa may colonise larger ulcers or those with a worse prognosis, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that this colonisation had a negative impact on lower limb venous ulcer healing.
A novel dressing with silver to treat meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection in a pig model
Authors: Davis Stephen C , Li Jie , Gil Joel , Valdes Jose , Solis Michael , Higa Alex 
Published: February 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo biofilm porcine model to examine a new polyvinyl alcohol-based gelling fibre dressing with silver and compare it to other commercial dressings containing: polyvinyl alcohol-based gelling fibre without silver; carboxymethyl cellulose-based fibre with silver, benzethonium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; and untreated control. Methods: A total of 52 deep partial-thickness wounds (10x7x0.5mm) were created on each of three animals and inoculated with 25µl of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (106 colony forming units (CFU)/ml). Wounds were covered for 24 hours to allow biofilm formation and were randomly designated to one of the four treatments. Samples were recovered for microbiological and histological analysis on days 3, 5 and 7 post-treatment. Results: Polyvinyl alcohol-based gelling fibre dressing with silver was able to significantly reduce biofilm more effectively than the other treatment groups. By day 7, wounds treated with the dressing had a 2.72±0.01 log CFU/g reduction in MRSA count versus untreated control wounds and a 2.59±0.01 log CFU/g reduction versus baseline counts. For histology analysis, all wounds reached 100% re-epithelialisation by day 5. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that polyvinyl alcohol-based gelling fibre dressing with silver was effective against biofilm of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal strains without inhibiting the wound healing process, and may have important clinical implications when treating acute and/or hard-to-heal wounds.
Point-of-care testing in primary healthcare: a scoring system to determine the frequency of performing internal quality control
Authors: Gidske Gro , Sandberg Sverre , Fossum Anne L. , Binder Stein , Langsjøen Eva C. , Solsvik Anne E. , Stavelin Anne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Internal quality control (IQC) plays an important role in quality assurance in laboratory medicine. However, there is no universal consensus or guideline on when and how IQC should be analyzed on point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. The aim of this study was to develop a scoring system to determine how often IQC should be analyzed in primary healthcare on the various POCT devices.

Methods
Based on a systematic literature review and a thorough process involving the whole Noklus, a nationwide POC organization, a scoring system for when to analyze IQC was developed. Four factors were considered to significantly impact IQC frequency: The importance of the analyte in diagnosing and monitoring patients, type of POCT device, user-friendliness, and number of patient samples. For each POCT device, the first three factors were given a score, and the sum of the scores determined the general recommended IQC frequency. The number of patient samples determined whether and how to adjust these frequencies in each individual general practice.

Results
The scoring system was applied to 17 analytes and 134 different POCT devices (153 analyte-device combinations). Most of the devices analyzing high-risk analytes (71 out of 74) obtained daily or weekly IQC frequency. For example, all blood-cell counters and all glucose meters should undergo IQC daily and weekly, respectively.

Conclusions
This study presents a consensus-based scoring system for differentiated and device-specific recommendations for IQC frequency on POCT devices in primary healthcare. The scoring system can easily be adopted to other local environments and is easy to use.
Diffusion-Controlled Grain Growth in Liquid-Phase Sintering of W–Cu Nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Jai-Sung , Yu Ji-Hun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The kinetics of W grain growth during liquid-phase sintering (LPS) of W-15 – 25 wt.% Cu nanocomposite powder compacts was investigated in terms of microstructural development as well as theWatom diffusion process in liquid Cu. It was found that W grains grew rapidly while maintaining a round shape during LPS at 1623 K, being inversely proportional to the Cu matrix contents. This indicates that the diffusion-controlled Ostwald ripening (DOR) mechanism dominates the growth process in W–Cu nanocomposites. The result of this investigation on the kinetics of W grain growth definitely identifies the occurrence of DOR growth. Namely, the time exponent of the growth equation was close to the value of 3 and the kinetic constant forWgrain growth decreased with decreasing volume fraction of the W solid phase. This is basically due to the fact that the increase of a liquid matrix lengthens the diffusion path, as a result decreasing the growth rate. The diffusivity of the W atoms in liquid copper was calculated from the growth kinetics to be lower within an order of magnitude than the self-diffusion of the liquid atoms. The presence of Watom solubility in liquid Cu, as well as atom diffusivity, is thought to be responsible for diffusion-controlled growth of W grains during LPS of W–Cu nanocomposite powder.
A Thermodynamic Model of an Amorphous Grain Boundary Phase in Liquid-Phase Sintered β-SiAlON Ceramic
Authors: Golczewski Jerzy A. , Seifert Hans J. , Aldinger Fritz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Thermodynamic modeling has been developed to explain the apparent stability of an intergranular amorphous phase in the liquid-phase sintered ceramic. The basic postulate has been to consider such a grain boundary phase as a separate phase of the system. An analytic form of the Gibbs energy functions recently derived for amorphous silicates has been taken to describe this boundary phase. A derived equilibrium condition conforming with the construction of parallel tangents to Gibbs energy functions has been used to estimate the compositions of the bulk and of the boundary phase. The microstructure of liquid-phase sintered β-SiAlON ceramic has been ascertained in this way. This model supports the existence of amorphous boundary phases as thermodynamically stable and provides a relation between their amount and the composition of the sinter additives in agreement with the experimental evidence.
Microstructure and Modifications of Cu/Al2O3 Interfaces
Authors: Scheu Christina , Stein Wilhelm , Klein Saskia , Wagner Thomas , Tomsia Antoni P. , Rühle Manfred 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A combined approach of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss near-edge structure studies was employed to determine the atomic structure and bonding mechanisms at Cu/Al2O3 interfaces in dependence on the α-Al2O3 substrate orientation. The investigated specimens were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy using ultrahigh vacuum conditions, which led to atomically abrupt interfaces. The results show that intermetallic Cu–Al bonds occur at the investigated Cu/ (112̅0)Al2O3 interface, while ionic-covalent bonding contributions are observed at the Cu/(0001)Al2O3 interface. The interfacial microstructure of diffusion-bonded Cu/ (0001)Al2O3 samples was changed by annealing treatments under various oxygen partial pressures. Annealing resulted in the formation of a CuAlO2 reaction phase at the interface between Cu and Al2O3.
Structural Transformations Induced by Swift Heavy Ions in Polysiloxanes and Polycarbosilanes
Authors: Pivin Jean-Claude , Pippel Eckhard , Woltersdorf Jörg , Avasthi Devesh Kumar , Kumar Sanjev 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High-resolution electron microscopy in connection with electron energy filtered microscopy is used for evidencing the precipitation of free C clusters in polysiloxanes and polycarbosilanes, responsible for the hardening and luminescence of these classes of inorganic polymers after ion irradiation. While during irradiation with 3 MeV Au ions randomly distributed carbon clusters are formed, in the case of irradiation with 100 MeVAu ions, the carbon clusters are aligned along tubular ion tracks without forming continuous wires. Contrary to observations in some other polymers and semiconductors, no tubular voids or crystallization of amorphous SiC were found. It is concluded that in both cases the carbon precipitation is due to a solid state transformation induced by electronic excitations.
Phase Equilibria of the Al–Nd and Al–Nd–Ni Systems
Authors: Gödecke Tilo , Sun Wensheng , Lück Reinhard , Lu Ke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Al-rich parts of the Al-Nd and Al-Nd-Ni systems were investigated by thermal and magnetothermal analysis, microstructure, and X-ray analysis. The results are represented as isopleths, isothermal sections, liquidus surface projections, and a reaction scheme.
Thermodynamic Assessment of the Zr–O Binary System
Authors: Liang P. , Dupin N. , Fries S. G. , Seifert H. J. , Ansara I. , Lukas H. L. , Aldinger F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Thermodynamic and phase diagram experimental data relevant to the Zr–O binary system have been assessed. A set of Gibbs energy functions describing the phases in this system is presented. The adjustable parameters of the models are obtained by least-squares fit to the experimental data. The liquid phase is described by Hillert’s partially ionic liquid model. The interstitial solid solution model is applied to the metallic zirconium solid solutions bZr and αZr. The ordering αZr is described by a three-sublattice model with Bragg-Williams treatment of ordering. The two modifications of the zirconium dioxide, αZrO2 and bZrO2, are modelled as stoichiometric phases. The modification cZrO2 is described by the Wagner-Schottky model expressed in the compound-energy formalism. The gas phase is treated as an ideal solution of the species Zr, Zr2,O1, O2, O3, ZrO and ZrO2. The calculated phase diagrams and values for the thermodynamic properties are compared with experimental data.
Thermal Stability of Nanoscale Co/Cu Multilayers
Authors: Bobeth M. , Hecker M. , Pompe W. , Schneider C. M. , Thomas J. , Ullrich A. , Wetzig K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The thermal stability of Co(2 nm)/Cu(2 nm) multilayers, which exhibit the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect, has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy, Auger spectroscopy and X-ray analysis revealed changes of the composition on the nanometer scale, the phase morphology as well as the grain structure of multilayers which arise during annealing up to 740 °C. Above an annealing temperature of 300 °C, the onset of grain coarsening accompanied by a transition from a 〈111〉 to a 〈100〉 texture is observed. Moreover, a sharpening of the Co/Cu phase boundaries occurs during annealing up to 600 °C. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed the coalescence of adjacent Co layers at 600 °C, and a complete disintegration of the layer morphology at 740 °C. Thermally induced changes of the phase morphology were also analysed by means of Monte Carlo simulations. With the assumption that the multilayer decomposition starts by a formation of Cu bridges through Co layers at grain boundaries, simulations of the subsequent evolution of the phase morphology showed a recession of Co layers near grain boundaries which can lead to the localised fusion of adjacent Co layers as well as to a Co and Cu layer thickness coarsening.
Thickness dependence of magnetization structures in thin Permalloy rectangles
Authors: Hertel Riccardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zero-field magnetization states in Permalloy thin-film elements of rectangular shape are calculated by means of finite element micromagnetic modeling. The energies of several possible magnetization patterns are determined for different sizes and thicknesses of the specimen. Based on these data, a phase diagram of the lowest-energy configuration is set up for rectangles of edge lengths between 250 and 1000 nm. It is shown that a thickness- and size-dependent transition from quasi-homogeneous single-domain states to demagnetized flux-closure patterns occurs in that range. The regime of sizes and thickness of the phase diagram in which the lowest-energy configuration of the thin-film element is a single-domain state is particularly important, since in this case the sample is expected to show good stability with respect to thermal demagnetization, which is a required criterion to make it suitable for technological applications in magneto-electronic devices.
Second-order magnetoelastic effects: From the Dirac equation to the magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial films for magnetic thin-film applications
Authors: Fähnle Manfred , Komelj Matej 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It has always been the endeavour of Professor Kronmüller to combine various methods in order to attain a comprehensive understanding of a physical phenomenon on all relevant scales. In this spirit, we combine the phenomenological nonlinear theory of magnetoelasticity with the relativistic density functional electron theory to describe the magnetoelastic behaviour of epitaxial films. We explain the two already performed cantilever bending beam experiments on the magnetoelasticity and underpin the assumption that second-order magnetoelastic effects are very important for epitaxial Fe films. A complete set of six cantilever experiments is introduced which allows to calculate the intrinsic first- and second-order magnetoelastic constants for cubic materials, and these constants are calculated ab initio for Fe, face-centred cubic Co, Ni, Ni3Fe and CsCl-type CoFe.
The character and role of grain boundaries in NdFeB-type alloys and magnets
Authors: Harris I. R. , Williams A. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The character and role of grain boundaries in NdFeB alloys and magnets are described and discussed. The role of the grain boundaries in the hydrogen decrepitation process is considered and the influence of the character and mobility of grain boundaries on the properties of fully dense sintered magnets is described. Grain boundaries also play an important role in the hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and recombination process whereby the coarse grain, cast material is converted to very fine grain particles.
Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation process
Authors: Pastushenkov Yurij G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The domain structure was investigated in the spin reorientation region on the (100) and (001) planes of Nd2Fe14B and R(Fe, Co)11Ti (R = Tb, Dy) single crystals by means of the magnetooptical Kerr effect. The magnetic phase diagram of a tetragonal magnetic crystal was theoretically calculated and the effect of domain structures on phase transitions is investigated. On the basis of the observed domain configurations and domain wall density calculations, possible models for the volume magnetization distributions in tetragonal magnetic crystals with “easy cone” and “easy plane” anisotropy have been discussed.
Magnetic properties of Tb(Fe, Mo)12 and Tb(Fe, Mo)12C compounds
Authors: Rixecker G. , Buschow K. H. J. , Bakker H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intermetallic compounds in the series TbFe12 – x
Mo
x
, with nominal Mo contents, x, ranging from 1.5 to 3.5, were synthesized and examined for their thermomagnetic properties. Magnetic measurements were performed in the temperature range 5 – 1130 K by using a SQUID magnetometer and a Faraday balance in combination. Synthesis of interstitially carburized TbFe12 – x
Mo
x
C powders by mechanical alloying with graphite and a subsequent heat treatment was attempted for the single-phase compositions between x = 2 and x = 3. The magnetic behavior of the materials (especially the coercivity) shows a number of peculiarities, which we try to explain in terms of crystal chemical and microstructural features.
Metastable alloys at moderate cooling rates
Authors: Stadelmaier Hans H. , Petzow Günter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using examples, old and recent, from the metallurgical literature, we examine the sources of metastable behavior in binary and ternary alloy systems that are subjected to cooling rates in the order of K/min to K/s. Because the metastability invariably involves enhanced unstable or suppressed stable crystalline phases, the key to this behavior must be sought in the crystallization kinetics.