bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of methods for forecasting value at risk and expected shortfall of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Trucíos Carlos , Taylor James W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral procedures to forecast daily risk measures in cryptocurrency markets have been recently implemented in the literature. Among them, long‐memory processes, procedures taking into account the presence of extreme observations, procedures that include more than a single regime, and quantile regression‐based models have performed substantially better than standard methods in terms of forecasting risk measures. Those procedures are revisited in this paper, and their value at risk and expected shortfall forecasting performance are evaluated using recent Bitcoin and Ethereum data that include periods of turbulence due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the third halving of Bitcoin, and the Lexia class action. Additionally, in order to mitigate the influence of model misspecification and enhance the forecasting performance obtained by individual models, we evaluate the use of several forecast combining strategies. Our results, based on a comprehensive backtesting exercise, reveal that, for Bitcoin, there is no single procedure outperforming all other models, but for Ethereum, there is evidence showing that the GAS model is a suitable alternative for forecasting both risk measures. We found that the combining methods were not able to outperform the better of the individual models.
Multivariate analysis of a missense variant in CREBRF reveals associations with measures of adiposity in people of Polynesian ancestries
Authors: Zhang Jerry Z. , Heinsberg Lacey W. , Krishnan Mohanraj , Hawley Nicola L. , Major Tanya J. , Carlson Jenna C. , Harré Hindmarsh Jennie , Watson Huti , Qasim Muhammad , Stamp Lisa K. , Dalbeth Nicola , Murphy Rinki , Sun Guangyun , Cheng Hong , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututi'a S. , Kershaw Erin E. , Deka Ranjan , McGarvey Stephen T. , Minster Ryan L. , Merriman Tony R. , Weeks Daniel E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe minor allele of rs373863828, a missense variant in CREB3 Regulatory Factor, is associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes in Polynesian peoples. To better understand the variant, we tested the association of rs373863828 with a panel of correlated phenotypes (body mass index [BMI], weight, height, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) using multivariate Bayesian association and network analyses in a Samoa cohort (n = 1632), Aotearoa New Zealand cohort (n = 1419), and combined cohort (n = 2976). An expanded set of phenotypes (adding estimated fat and fat‐free mass, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal‐hip ratio) was tested in the Samoa cohort (n = 1496). In the Samoa cohort, we observed significant associations (log10 Bayes Factor [BF] ≥ 5.0) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (8.81), weight (8.30), and BMI (6.42). In the Aotearoa New Zealand cohort, we observed suggestive associations (1.5 < log10BF < 5) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (4.60), weight (3.27), and BMI (1.80). In the combined cohort, we observed concordant signals with larger log10BFs. In the Samoa‐specific expanded phenotype analyses, we also observed significant associations between rs373863828 and fat mass (5.65), abdominal circumference (5.34), and hip circumference (5.09). Bayesian networks provided evidence for a direct association of rs373863828 with weight and indirect associations with height and BMI.
A CRISPR Path to Finding Vulnerabilities and Solving Drug Resistance: Targeting the Diverse Cancer Landscape and Its Ecosystem
Authors: McLean Benjamin , Istadi Aji , Clack Teleri , Vankan Mezzalina , Schramek Daniel , Neely G. Gregory , Pajic Marina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with therapeutic resistance being a major cause of treatment failure in the clinic. The dynamic signaling that occurs between tumor cells and the diverse cells of the surrounding tumor microenvironment actively promotes disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Improving the understanding of how tumors evolve following therapy and the molecular mechanisms underpinning de novo or acquired resistance is thus critical for the identification of new targets and for the subsequent development of more effective combination regimens. Simultaneously targeting multiple hallmark capabilities of cancer to circumvent adaptive or evasive resistance may lead to significantly improved treatment response in the clinic. Here, the latest applications of functional genomics tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing, to characterize the dynamic cancer resistance mechanisms, from improving the understanding of resistance to classical chemotherapeutics, to deciphering unique mechanisms that regulate tumor responses to new targeted agents and immunotherapies, are discussed. Potential avenues of future research in combating therapeutic resistance, the contribution of tumor–stroma signaling in this setting, and how advanced functional genomics tools can help streamline the identification of key molecular determinants of drug response are explored.
Investigation on combustion and emission characteristics of hydrogen‐enriched dual‐fuel engine operated under waste frying oil biodiesel
Authors: Subramanian Jayagopal , Ekambaram Porpatham , Arumugam Senthil Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing nonedible waste frying oil (WFO) as biodiesel and hydrogen in the mix composition may partly replace significant quantities of diesel fuel and help reduce fossil fuel reliance. The combination of diesel fuel, waste‐fired biodiesel, and hydrogen gas can improve the performance, combustion, and emissions of single‐fuel and dual‐fuel diesel engines. This may lead to a novel alternative fuel mix pattern and modification for diesel engines, which is the research gap. Although there has been some research on waste‐fired biodiesel and hydrogen gas‐powered dual‐fuel engines with the goal of partly replacing fossil fuels to a larger degree, there has been very little progress in this area. As a result, the current research effort focuses on using diesel fuel (100%, 30%, and 60%), waste‐fired biodiesel (at 100%, 70%, and 40%), and hydrogen gas as fuel sources (5 and 10 liters per minute [LPM]). According to the current experiment, it was perceived in both dual‐fuel and single‐fuel modes. Under duel‐fuel mode, the engine results for WFOB70D30 + H10 fuel blend had higher 4.2% (brake thermal efficiency [BTE]), 19.72% (oxides of nitrogen [NOx]), and 9.09% (ignition delay [ID]) with a minimal range of (in‐cylinder pressure, MFB, volumetric efficiency and heat release rate [HRR]) and a dropped rate of 4.34% (brake‐specific energy consumption [BSEC]), 33.33% (carbon monoxide [CO]), 39.28% (hydrocarbons [HC]), 9.43% (smoke), and 6.97% (combustion duration [CD]) related to diesel fuel at peak load. However, single‐fuel powered diesel engines provide minimal performance for the WFOB40D60 fuel blend with (11.32% lower BTE and 2.04% higher BSEC) and minimal rate of combustion (lower cylinder pressure, 2.12% minimal CD, 14.72% higher ID, minimal HRR combustion, volumetric efficiency, and MFB). Emitted fewer emissions (9.09% less CO, 4.87% less HC, 0.92% higher NOx, and 1.69% more smoke) than diesel fuel at peak load. Therefore, it was concluded that adding 10 LPM of hydrogen gas to the biodiesel under a dual‐fuel condition leads to better combustion, better performance, and less pollution than the single‐fuel mode of operation.
Neurotoxic mechanisms of triclosan: The antimicrobial agent emerging as a toxicant
Authors: Pullaguri Narasimha , Umale Ashwini , Bhargava Anamika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral scientific studies have suggested a link between increased exposure to pollutants and a rise in the number of neurodegenerative disorders of unknown origin. Notably, triclosan (an antimicrobial agent) is used in concentrations ranging from 0.3% to 1% in various consumer products. Recent studies have also highlighted triclosan as an emerging toxic pollutant due to its increasing global use. However, a definitive link is missing to associate the rising use of triclosan and the growing number of neurodegenerative disorders or neurotoxicity. In this article, we present systematic scientific evidence which are otherwise scattered to suggest that triclosan can indeed induce neurotoxic effects, especially in vertebrate organisms including humans. Mechanistically, triclosan affected important developmental and differentiation genes, structural genes, genes for signaling receptors and genes for neurotransmitter controlling enzymes. Triclosan‐induced oxidative stress impacting cellular proteins and homeostasis which triggers apoptosis. Though the scientific evidence collated in this article unequivocally indicates that triclosan can cause neurotoxicity, further epidemiological studies may be needed to confirm the effects on humans.
Grip strength is inversely associated with DNA methylation age acceleration
Authors: Peterson Mark D. , Collins Stacey , Meier Helen C.S. , Brahmsteadt Alexander , Faul Jessica D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a large body of evidence linking muscular weakness, as determined by low grip strength, to a host of negative ageing‐related health outcomes. Given these links, grip strength has been labelled a ‘biomarker of aging’; and yet, the pathways connecting grip strength to negative health consequences are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether grip strength was associated with measures of DNA methylation (DNAm) age acceleration.MethodsMiddle age and older adults from the 2006 to 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study with 8–10 years of follow‐up were included. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal regression modelling was performed to examine the association between normalized grip strength (NGS) and three measures of DNAm age acceleration, adjusting for cell composition, sociodemographic variables and smoking. Longitudinal modelling was also completed to examine the association between change in absolute grip strength and DNAm age acceleration. The three DNAm clocks used for estimating age acceleration include the established DunedinPoAm, PhenoAge and GrimAge clocks.ResultsThere was a robust and independent cross‐sectional association between NGS and DNAm age acceleration for men using the DunedinPoAm (β: −0.36; P < 0.001), PhenoAge (β: −8.27; P = 0.01) and GrimAge (β: −4.56; P = 0.01) clocks and for women using the DunedinPoAm (β: −0.36; P < 0.001) and GrimAge (β: −4.46; P = 0.01) clocks. There was also an independent longitudinal association between baseline NGS and DNAm age acceleration for men (β: −0.26; P < 0.001) and women (β: −0.36; P < 0.001) using the DunedinPoAm clock and for women only using the PhenoAge (β: −8.20; P < 0.001) and GrimAge (β: −5.91; P < 0.001) clocks. Longitudinal modelling revealed a robust association between change in grip strength from wave 1 to wave 3 was independently associated with PhenoAgeAA (β: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.23, −0.03) and GrimAgeAA (β: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.14, −0.01) in men only (both P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings provide some initial evidence of age acceleration among men and women with lower NGS and loss of strength over time. Future research is needed to understand the extent to which DNAm age mediates the association between grip strength and chronic disease, disability and mortality.
Current status of undergraduate orthodontic education in Canada
Authors: Brown Matthew M. , Wiltshire William A. , Russell Kathy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated teaching hours and mode of instruction of undergraduate orthodontic education dental students in Canada receive, changes implemented by each educational dental institution (EDI) in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and plans for mode of orthodontic education delivery post‐COVID‐19.MethodsAn electronic survey was administered to the program directors of undergraduate orthodontics at each EDI to reveal details regarding the (i) time and details of didactic, preclinical, and clinical experience provided to students and (ii) perceptions of undergraduate program directors about the adequacy of the current curricula.ResultsAll 10 Canadian EDIs participated in the survey during the year 2021. Most EDIs deliver their orthodontic curricula beginning in the second year of the program (7, 70.0%), continuing through third (7, 70.0%) and fourth (6, 60.0%) years. The number of hours of didactic, preclinical, and clinical instruction varied by as much as 50 h per academic year across different EDIs. In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, almost all EDIs (9, 90.0%) maintained the same amount of didactic lecture time yet most switched to synchronous (5, 50.0%) or asynchronous (3, 30.0%) online delivery format. Most EDIs (8, 80.0%) indicated the quality of education was maintained during the pandemic.ConclusionsThere exists significant variation in undergraduate orthodontic time allotment among Canadian EDIs. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, most Canadian EDIs maintained a consistent amount of teaching hours while transitioning to some form of online course delivery. Most program directors indicated they believed students received the same quality of education after the change in mode of course delivery. The future of undergraduate orthodontic education will likely continue the accelerated trend toward online education.
Expansion of the partnered pharmacist medication charting model on admission in the General Medicine Unit — initiation of new medications
Authors: Hua Phuong U. , Edwards Gail , Van Dyk Eleanor , Yip Gary , Mitra Biswadev , Dooley Michael J. , Tong Erica Y. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIncreasing life expectancy has seen a continual rise in older patients who present to hospital with acute decompensation. Pharmacists are well equipped to make medication recommendations in these settings to meet patient care needs, promote harm minimisation, and improve workflow efficiency. The Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC) model enables pharmacists to chart regular medications for patients admitted to the General Medicine Unit (GMU) in collaboration with treating clinicians. The model was expanded to assess the safety of pharmacists additionally charting newly initiated medications.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the safety of the expanded PPMC model through the number of medication errors.MethodThis prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital. Patients admitted to the GMU and received PPMC were included. Pharmacists were able to chart any new medications as well as the patients' pre‐admission medications. The primary outcome was the number of medication errors charted on admission. Medication errors were defined as medications charted outside of the specific recommendations documented in the medication management plan written by the PPMC pharmacist and co‐signed by the admitting medical officer.ResultsA total of 8093 medications were charted by a credentialed pharmacist, with 10% (n = 816) planned newly initiated medications. Eight (0.98%) medication charting errors were identified in the PPMC model, which included five planned medications omitted. Of the 811 newly charted medications, 87 (10.7%) were amended within 24 h, with the majority being due to change in diagnosis or driven by changes in clinical status or investigative results becoming available.ConclusionThe expansion of the PPMC model of care to enable pharmacist charting of new medications was found to be safe. The adoption of the model may aid in reducing medication errors, thereby improving patient care and safety.
miR‐96‐5p regulates cervical cancer cell resistance to cisplatin by inhibiting lncRNA TRIM52‐AS1 and promoting IGF2BP2
Authors: Wu En Yuesu , Huang Li‐Ping , Bao Jin‐Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are both regulators of cancer progression. This study sought to discuss the functional mechanism of miR‐96‐5p/lncRNA TRIM52 antisense RNA 1 (head‐to‐head; TRIM52‐AS1) in cervical cancer (CC) cell resistance to cisplatin (DDP). DDP‐resistant CC cell line was established using increasing concentrations of DDP, followed by transfection with miR‐96‐5p inhibitor, or si‐TRIM52‐AS1, or insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) overexpression vector. Expression levels of miR‐96‐5p, TRIM52‐AS1, and IGF2BP2 were determined. Changes in IC50 value to DDP, cell proliferation, and apoptosis rate were evaluated by cell‐counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The bindings of miR‐96‐5p to IGF2BP2 and TRIM52‐AS1 to IGF2BP2 were verified by dual‐luciferase or RNA pull‐down assays. These experiments revealed an up‐expression of miR‐96‐5p and IGF2BP2 while an under‐expression of TRIM52‐AS1 in CC cells. After DDP treatment, miR‐96‐5p inhibition increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation and DDP resistance. miR‐96‐5p bound to TRIM52‐AS1 and downregulated TRIM52‐AS1 expression, and TRIM52‐AS1 bound to IGF2BP2 to inhibit IGF2BP2 expression. TRIM52‐AS1 inhibition or IGF2BP2 overexpression neutralized the inhibition of silencing miR‐96‐5p on CC cell resistance to DDP. Overall, miR‐96‐5p improved CC cell resistance to DDP by inhibiting TRIM52‐AS1 and promoting IGF2BP2.
Sustainable Polyurethane Networks with High Self‐Healing and Mechanical Properties Based on Dual Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Zeng Yanning , Li Jiawei , Hu Chaoying , Yang Bin , Ning Zhao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethanes (PU) networks are broadly applied in industry and aviation, however, their nonrecyclability leads to the waste of petroleum. In this work, a series of novel self‐healing, weldable, and recyclable HTPB‐based PU networks with dual reversible covalent bonds are fabricated by one‐pot polycondensation. To shorten the relaxation time, dual reversible covalent bonds (disulfide bonds and boronic ester bonds) are incorporated into the HTPB‐based PU networks. Meanwhile, to promote tensile strength, the rigid isocyanate and cross‐link agent are introduced into the networks. Obtained HTPB‐based PU network structures are characterized by FTIR, Raman, and DMA measurements. Obtained HHMB‐4‐20 network shows the best mechanical properties (tensile strength = 6.97 MPa, elongation at break = 302 %), and the mechanical properties almost can be recovered after welding/reprocessing by hot pressing. To satisfy the demands of industrial sustainability, the synthesis of PU networks with capabilities of reprocessing, self‐healing, and welding is a feasible approach.
Distal finger reconstruction technique combining a distally‐based finger flap and a partial toe flap
Authors: Hirase Yuichi , Kanno Yuri , Okubo Arisa , Onozawa Hisasuke , Yagishita Mikio , Yamada Tetsuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough aesthetic reconstruction of an amputated distal finger can be achieved through partial toe transfer, this approach often damages the weight‐bearing region of the toe from which the flap is harvested. The purpose of this report is to introduce the minimum invasive surgery technique to reconstruct the distal finger aesthetically without damaging the weight‐bearing region of the toe.Patients and MethodsThirty‐one amputated fingertips in 30 patients aged 18 to 68 years were treated using this operative technique. Operations were performed between January 2010 and December 2020. All patients were missing the distal finger beyond the PIP joint, and the amputation stump had been covered with healthy skin. A distally based finger flap was elevated at the recipient site, and a slender partial toe flap, including the nail, was harvested from the great toe. These flaps were combined to form the distal finger. In all cases, the weight‐bearing region of the toe remained intact. The donor site wound was first closed with artificial dermis, and skin grafting was performed 3 weeks after the surgery. A few patients did not require skin grafting because their wounds epithelized spontaneously.ResultsIn most patients, the transplanted flap remained healthy and the distal finger was aesthetically restored. Two patients aged over 60 years who were smokers developed necrosis of the transplanted partial toe flap. In all patients, the weight‐bearing region of the great toe was intact, and they had no trouble walking during the three‐year follow‐up period after surgery.ConclusionOur technique, which combines elevation of a distally‐based finger flap and transplantation of a partial toe flap, was able to minimize the skin defect area in the great toe. This new distal finger reconstruction technique is minimally invasive and can be used to prevent secondary donor site issues.
Outcome measures in psoriatic arthritis: Where next?
Authors: Hackett Simon , Coates Laura C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview of commonly used outcome measure in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).BackgroundPsA is a heterogenous inflammatory arthritis, associated with psoriasis that affects between 0.1% and 2% of the population and approximately one in three patients with psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis places a significant burden on patients' overall quality of life and is associated with a range of comorbidities. Although assessment of patients and monitoring of symptoms has greatly improved over the last 2 decades, capturing disease activity in this multisystem disease remains challenging. Previous efforts have traditionally focussed on assessment of individual disease domains, however recent evidence suggests that composite measurements, particularly those incorporating patient reported outcomes may not only help monitor disease activity more accurately, but also help in accurately validating therapy outcomes in PsA patients.PurposeThis review discusses currently used outcome measurements in PsA and also highlights the importance of emerging measurements such as biomarkers and their possible role in capturing treatment response.
Short‐term educational value of online neuromuscular ultrasound courses
Authors: Tawfik Eman A. , Wijntjes Juerd , Walker Francis O. , Cartwright Michael S. , van Alfen Nens 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWe have previously reported that online neuromuscular ultrasound courses are feasible and were found to be useful by most survey respondents. However, our previous report lacked objective assessment of the educational value of the courses. Therefore, we aimed in this study to evaluate the learning outcomes of online neuromuscular ultrasound courses.MethodsEach of the basic and advanced courses featured one pre‐ and two post‐course online knowledge tests. The percentage of corrected answers and the participants' scores in the three tests were calculated and compared.ResultsA total of 153 out of 277 course participants answered the course test. The mean percentage of correct answers were significantly higher in the second and first post‐course tests compared to the pre‐course test (Basic course test: 80.2 ± 14.8%, 75.5 ± 15.9%, 64.3 ± 19.1%, respectively; Advanced course test: 80.9 ± 20.1, 78.9 ± 15.2%, 69.5 ± 20.2%, respectively). The mean scores of the participants in the basic course test significantly improved in the first and second post‐course tests (from 66.6% to 77.5% and from 67.2% to 80.2%, respectively) whereas those of the participants in the advanced course test significantly improved in the first post‐course test only (from 76.3% to 85.4%).DiscussionThis report demonstrates the capability of online neuromuscular ultrasound courses, particularly the basic‐level courses, to enhance knowledge. This information can further help integrate virtual neuromuscular ultrasound teaching as a standard complementary educational format together with supervised in‐person or remote hands‐on training.