bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Efektivitas pada Pengelolaan Kas Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah di MI At-Taqwa Cijeruk
Authors: Tuheteru Nagara Rezki Febrina , Musfitria Anessa , Yuliawan Eko 
Published: February 2022

The BOS Fund is a funding assistance for schools which is a government program to assist schools in funding non-personnel operational costs. According to Government Regulation Number 48 of 2008 concerning Education Funding, non-personnel costs. The allocation of BOS funds is said to be effective if the funds determined are appropriate and on target. Funds are said to be effective if the use of these funds shows how far the funds are able to achieve the goals that have been set. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the School Operational Assistance Cash Fund. It is said to be effective if a job can produce a unit of output (output), and can be completed on time according to a predetermined plan. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study that the effectiveness analysis that has been carried out shows that the MIS AT-TAQWA Cijeruk seen from the results of the calculation of the index check list table shows that the BOS Fund Cash Management activity is very good. The results of this study stated that the Cash Management of School Operational Assistance Funds at MIS AT-TAQWA Cijeruk was effective based on the index check list assessment that obtained results of more than 80%, and the management of the BOS Fund Cash based on the Realization of the Use of Funds in accordance with the terms and regulations. - legal regulations that are passed according to the BOS Technical Instructions (JUKNIS).
Keywords: Management, Cash, School Operational Assistance Fund, Effectiveness
Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception Towards Sickle Cell Disease Among University Students in Ghana
Authors: Brown James Nketsiah , Atulley Elizabeth , Tamag Thomas , Ababio Esther Rhoda , Prah  James Kojo 
Published: February 2022

Background: Haemoglobin disorders such as Sickle cell disease (SCD) have been acknowledged to be of great public health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006. To reduce the tremendous public health and economic burden SCD exerts on many countries, the WHO is urging countries, especially those in Africa, to increase public awareness of the disease. Such awareness programmes among the young unmarried population will go a long way to prevent the birth of children with this painful genetic condition.
Purpose: This study therefore sought to assess the level of knowledge, attitude to people living with SCD, and perception of SCD among undergraduate students of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 400 participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software, version 25.
Results: Almost all the students (96.75%) were aware of SCD. School and the media were the main sources of information (50.65%, 32.3% respectively). The mean knowledge score was 4.73 ± 2.41 (maximum score of 12) with 62%, 35.8% and 2.3% of participants having inadequate, moderate and adequate knowledge respectively. Majority of the participants (81.8%) had positive attitudes towards people living with SCD. Most respondents (78.5%) were likely to perform premarital genotype screening.
Conclusion: In general, there was inadequate knowledge on SCD despite the high level of awareness among participants.
Recommendation: Findings of the study highlights the need for continuous effective health education on sickle cell disease to students whose reproductive health choices will either increase or decrease the sickle cell disease burden in the very near future.
ANALISIS PERAN PADA ORANG TUA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK ANAK MILLENIAL DI SEKOLAH MADRASAH ALIYAH ALLU KECAMATAN BANGKALA KABUPATEN JENEPONTO
Authors: Hajrah Hajrah 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of parents in fostering children's morals and understand the supporting and inhibiting factors of parents in fostering the morals of children in the digital era (millennials) at MA Allu. The type of research in this study is qualitative and uses a field research approach. Sources of research data were taken from 10 students at Madrasah Aliyah Allu.
The results of this study are firstly in fostering children's morals, and parents must play a role with their functions. First, parents must help and support each other. The role of parents is as role models, mentors and motivators. Second, the supporting factors in forming children's character are parents providing religious education, discipline in providing the necessary direction and facilities, and providing a good environment for children to become good. At the same time, the inhibiting factors are the social environment that has a bad influence on children when playing and the negative influence of digital media.
Pengaruh penambahan probiotik herbal untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila salin (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Meutia Meutia 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Almuslim Bireuen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan probiotik herbal ke dalam pakan terhadap laju pertumbuhan benih ikan nila salin. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah perbedaan penambahan probiotik herbal yang terdiri dari perlakuan tanpa penambahan probiotik herbal, perlakuan dengan penambahan probiotik herbal sebanyak 30 ml/kg pakan, 50 ml/kg pakan dan 60 ml/kg pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian probiotik herbal yang di campurkan ke dalam pakan bepengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan, hidup benih ikan nila salin. Penambahan probiotik herbal yang di campurkan ke dalam pakan laju pertumbuhan berat tertinggi sebesar 4.6 gram dan panjang 4.2 cm. Kelangsungan hidup sebesar 60 % diperoleh dari perlakuan 30 ml/kg pakan.
The rationalization of personal protective equipment usage and the solution of its limitation during COVID-19 era
Authors: Irene Ratridewi  , Saptadi Yuliarto  
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 pandemic is a global burden health problem caused by Coronavirus. The disease can be transmitted swiftly by droplets after sneezing, coughing, or holding stuff (droplet contaminated). The contagion is eased by bad habit like does not wash hand after touching others or stuff. To date, data says that The Covid-19 morbidity rate is still highest in a densely populated place. Even though several mechanisms in the community have been done to prevent the spreading of this disease, but the spread is still relatively high and needs medical treatment intervention in the health care system especially in the hospital.1 Moreover, the daily hospital treatment of Covid-19 patientsâ€™ needs appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect and to minimalize the risk of infection to health workers.
Clinical and laboratory profiles of pediatric asthma patients with house dust mite (HDM)–specific subcutaneous immunotherapy: A single center, cross sectional study
Authors: Desy Wulandari  , Wisnu Barlianto  
Published: February 2022

Introduction: House dust mite (HDM) allergy has been reported as an actual cause of asthma in children. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is a recommended treatment for HDM allergy patients. However, there were limited data about the characteristic of pediatric patients with HDM-SCIT, particularly in Indonesia. This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristic of pediatric patients with allergic asthma.
Methods: Study participants were pediatric patients confirmed with HDM allergy from Skin Prick Test (SPT) in the pediatric allergy-immunology outpatient clinic in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, Indonesia. Patients who were treated with HDM-SCIT in the early build-up phase of treatment were included in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Peripheral blood samples were drawn to evaluate the total eosinophil count (TEC), total basophil count (TBC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), specific IgE (sIgE) and total IgE (t-IgE) level. Clinical diagnosis of asthma was classified according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria. The evaluation of asthma control was assessed by the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score.
Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in this study, including 14 male and 18 female. The mean age of children was 6.92 ± 2.60 years old. There were 21 subjects with uncontrolled asthma and 11 subjects with partially controlled asthma. Demographic characteristics including age, sex, nutritional status and family history were not significantly different between uncontrolled and partially controlled asthma groups (p> 0.05). TEC, TBC, NLR, and tIgE were not different significantly among groups (p> 0.05). This study showed that the mean of sIgE serum level was higher in uncontrolled asthma compared to partially controlled asthma group (p= 0.022). Moreover, it was a negative significant correlation between sIgE serum level and ACT score (p= 0.002, r= -0.532).
Conclusion: Higher sIgE levels were correlated with poor asthma control in HDM-SCIT patients.
Good outcome of newborn septic arthritis with holistic treatment: a case report
Authors: Muhammad Irvan Avandi  , Brigitta Ida Resita Vebrianti Corebima  , Eko Sulistijono  , Talita Clarissa Sinatra  
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious joint infection associated with significant morbidity that can cause permanent damage with articular cartilage destruction, osteonecrosis, and lifelong deformities. Here we present a good outcome of newborn septic arthritis with prompt treatment.
Case Presentation: A one-month-old boy was brought with swelling of both knee joints two weeks before admission. He has a history of preterm birth and was hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) because of neonatal pneumonia and sepsis. Several days after treatment, he came with swollen on both knees, both knee joint synovial liquid and sputum culture showed Klebsiella pneumoniae. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was found intra articular fluid and erosion of the epiphyseal cartilage suspect infection process. After establishing the diagnosis of SA, we initiated treatment with cloxacillin 60 mg/kgs body weight for 14 days. He underwent debridement and physiotherapist. One year after discharge, the physical examinations showed normal findings and had a normal gait.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that prompt diagnosis and treatment of SA on the newborn will have a good outcome with no sequelae. An early diagnosis of SA can guide clinicians to initiate a standardized treatment and improve patient outcomes.
ProbFire: a probabilistic fire early warning system for Indonesia
Authors: Nikonovas Tadas , Spessa Allan , Doerr Stefan H. , Clay Gareth D. , Mezbahuddin Symon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Recurrent extreme landscape fire episodes associated with
drought events in Indonesia pose severe environmental, societal and economic
threats. The ability to predict severe fire episodes months in advance would
enable relevant agencies and communities to more effectively initiate fire-preventative measures and mitigate fire impacts. While dynamic seasonal
climate predictions are increasingly skilful at predicting fire-favourable
conditions months in advance in Indonesia, there is little evidence that
such information is widely used yet by decision makers. In this study, we move beyond forecasting fire risk based on drought
predictions at seasonal timescales and (i) develop a probabilistic early
fire warning system for Indonesia (ProbFire) based on a multilayer perceptron
model using ECMWF SEAS5 (fifth-generation seasonal forecasting system) dynamic climate forecasts together with forest
cover, peatland extent and active-fire datasets that can be operated on a
standard computer; (ii) benchmark the performance of this new system for the
2002–2019 period; and (iii) evaluate the potential economic benefit of such integrated forecasts for Indonesia. ProbFire's event probability predictions outperformed climatology-only based
fire predictions at 2- to 4-month lead times in south Kalimantan, south
Sumatra and south Papua. In central Sumatra, an improvement was observed
only at a 0-month lead time, while in west Kalimantan seasonal predictions did
not offer any additional benefit over climatology-only-based predictions. We
(i) find that seasonal climate forecasts coupled with the fire probability
prediction model confer substantial benefits to a wide range of stakeholders
involved in fire management in Indonesia and (ii) provide a blueprint for
future operational fire warning systems that integrate climate predictions
with non-climate features.
Relating snowfall observations to Greenland ice sheet mass changes: an atmospheric circulation perspective
Authors: Gallagher Michael R. , Shupe Matthew D. , Chepfer Hélène , L'Ecuyer Tristan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Snowfall is the major source of mass for the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) but the spatial and temporal
variability of snowfall and the connections between snowfall and mass balance have so far been inadequately
quantified. By characterizing local atmospheric circulation and utilizing CloudSat spaceborne radar
observations of snowfall, we provide a detailed spatial analysis of snowfall variability and its relationship
to Greenland mass balance, presenting first-of-their-kind maps of daily spatial variability in snowfall
from observations across Greenland. For identified regional atmospheric circulation patterns, we show that the
spatial distribution and net mass input of snowfall vary significantly with the position and strength of
surface cyclones. Cyclones west of Greenland driving southerly flow contribute significantly more snowfall than
any other circulation regime, with each daily occurrence of the most extreme southerly circulation pattern
contributing an average of 1.66 Gt of snow to the Greenland ice sheet. While cyclones east of Greenland,
patterns with the least snowfall, contribute as little as 0.58 Gt each day. Above 2 km on the ice sheet where
snowfall is inconsistent, extreme southerly patterns are the most significant mass contributors, with up to
1.20 Gt of snowfall above this elevation. This analysis demonstrates that snowfall over the interior of
Greenland varies by up to a factor of 5 depending on regional circulation conditions. Using independent
observations of mass changes made by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), we verify that the
largest mass increases are tied to the southerly regime with cyclones west of Greenland. For occurrences of the
strongest southerly pattern, GRACE indicates a net mass increase of 1.29 Gt in the ice sheet accumulation zone
(above 2 km elevation) compared to the 1.20 Gt of snowfall observed by CloudSat. This overall agreement
suggests that the analytical approach presented here can be used to directly quantify snowfall mass
contributions and their most significant drivers spatially across the GrIS. While previous research has
implicated this same southerly regime in ablation processes during summer, this paper shows that ablation mass
loss in this circulation regime is nearly an order of magnitude larger than the mass gain from associated
snowfall. For daily occurrences of the southerly circulation regime, a mass loss of approximately 11 Gt is
observed across the ice sheet despite snowfall mass input exceeding 1 Gt. By analyzing the spatial
variability of snowfall and mass changes, this research provides new insight into connections between regional
atmospheric circulation and GrIS mass balance.
John 3:5: Redefining the People of God
Authors: Foster Timothy D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJesus' demand that Nicodemus must be born again does not concern personal regeneration, rather it points to a shift in the locus of salvation from Israel to the Messiah in the coming age. The numerous references in the pericope to the exodus suggest that “born of water” alludes to the birth of Israel at the exodus. Jesus' demand to be born of water and spirit (v. 5) points to the inadequacy, in the coming age, of belonging to national Israel and the ensuing need for those born into Israel to now be born of spirit, or for Jews like Nicodemus to be “born again” (v. 3). This approach resolves several difficulties and the passage better fits the wider context.
A Case for the Authenticity of Luke 23:17
Authors: Judd Frank F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Luke 23:17 is not included in modern Greek New Testaments and most modern translations. The external evidence is fairly equal for the inclusion and exclusion of the verse. The deciding factor is usually that P75 does not contain this verse. New evidence from a catena of Origen demonstrates the existence of a manuscript containing Luke 23:17 as early as P75. Some conclude that a scribe added this verse to harmonize Luke with other Gospel accounts. A closer examination of Luke 23:17, however, shows that it is not a scribal harmonization but is thoroughly Lukan. This study presents a case that Luke 23:17 is authentic and was omitted by a scribe who wanted to emphasize the demand of the Jewish crowd and leaders that Jesus be crucified.
The Unexpected Kinship of Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights
Authors: Barr Alan P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Surprisingly unnoticed are the significant reverberations of Wuthering Heights that appear scattered across Great Expectations. Central to Dickens's art is his exuberant, capacious ability to absorb and refract his surroundings in his novels: the haunting locales, the evocative characters, taut situations, and poignant elements from his contemporary culture. Melded into the rich broth of Great Expectations is a string of parallels with Wuthering Heights. They include the looming presence of the houses, the alienated, orphaned protagonists, and numerous verbal echoes. There is no evidence that Dickens incorporated these parallels consciously, but they are there and they are effective. Buildings, terrains, figures, situations, and expressions in the later novel that recall elements in Brontë's world can function quite differently relocated. The echoes embedded in Great Expectations are entirely unobtrusive; their effect is enriching, that of a highly original, imaginative novelist, adding texture and even irony to his art—perhaps less anxious about the influence than benefitting from it.
Regulating Alcohol Consumption and Structuring Life in Dickens's Our Mutual Friend
Authors: Graber Darin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Our Mutual Friend, Charles Dickens paints a complicated portrait of alcohol consumption that resists following any one vein of contemporary sociological, medical, or religious writing about alcohol. Instead, he senses the roles of economy and geography in the circulation of alcohol through individuals and city alike and structures the narrative as an investigation of the possible outcomes of differing efforts to regulate that movement. Within this physical and economic landscape, Dickens creates two competing examples of working-class and abject poor drinking economies. In one, Miss Potterson maintains strict control over her tavern, The Six Jolly Fellowship-Porters, which she operates as a small-scale, moralized yet dictatorial economy that provides orderly community and relative healthfulness. In the second, metropolitan disciplinary administration oversees the citywide drinking economy, in which Jenny Wren's father drinks himself to death. Ultimately, Our Mutual Friend refrains from fully endorsing one model of alcohol regulation as a metropolitan or national solution, illuminating the failures of large-scale, sanitary-disciplinary efforts while also implying that Miss Potterson's more effective, small-scale, moralized economy relies upon her autocratic control of an idiosyncratic space—and therefore could (or should) not apply to the whole city of London.
Can Extreme Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa be Eliminated by 2030?
Authors: Bicaba Zorobabel , Brixiová Zuzana , Ncube Mthuli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Eradicating extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030 is the first goal among the UN Sustainable Development Goals that guide the current development agenda. This paper examines its feasibility for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the world's poorest but growing region. It finds that under plausible assumptions extreme poverty will not be eradicated in SSA by 2030, but it can be reduced to low levels through high growth and income redistribution towards the poor segments of the society. National and regional policies should aim at structural transformation and industrialization that would make their growth paths more inclusive and ‘green’. International organizations, including informal ones such as the G20, can play a critical role in this endeavor by encouraging policy coordination and coherence. Further, African countries will need a greater scope for bringing their perspectives into global economic debates on issues impacting sustainable development on the continent.
Prenatal Care and Infant Health in Senegal
Authors: Dramani Latif , Laye Oumy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper examines birth weight and its correlates in Senegal using data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 1997. The Heckit and control function methods are applied on data from this survey to measure effects of maternal immunization against tetanus on birth weight. The results show that immunization is positively correlated with birth weight and that younger mothers have heavier babies than their older counterparts. Moreover, demand for vaccination against tetanus increases with household income and with maternal age and education. This demand pattern varies substantially between rural and urban areas.
Maternal Immunization and Birth Weight in Cameroon
Authors: Tambi Mbu Daniel , Atemnkeng Johannes Tabi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of mother's immunization against tetanus on child health in Cameroon using data from demographic and surveys for 2004 and 2011, enriched with data from the Ministry of Agriculture for the same periods. The results show that maternal immunization during pregnancy is associated with a large increase in birth weight nationally as well as in rural and urban areas. Further, child health correlates positively with the economic wellbeing of the household. Other variables that are significantly associated with birth weight include mother's age, father's education, a twin birth, and a child's gender. These finding can help design policies to improve child health in Cameroon.
Lou Martyn, Paul, and Judaism
Authors: Marcus Joel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
J. Louis Martyn was not anti-Judaic but a lover of Jews and Judaism. But his passion for Paul, especially for Galatians, transcended his love for Judaism and may have caused him to downplay some of the difficulties in that letter. This article focuses on Martyn’s exegesis of the Sarah/Hagar allegory in Gal 4:21–5:1, which interprets the opposition not as Christianity versus Judaism but as the Torah-free Christian mission to Gentiles versus the Torah-observant mission—an interpretation that this article finds indefensible. The article concludes with some reflections on Martyn’s attitude toward Rom 9–11.