bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors determining membership in community-based health insurance in West Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Conde Kaba Kanko , Camara Aboubacar Mariama , Jallal Manar , Khalis Mohamed , Zbiri Saad , De Brouwere Vincent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In many low-income countries, households bear most of the health care costs. Community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes have multiplied since the 1990s in West Africa. They have significantly improved their members’ access to health care. However, a large proportion of users are reluctant to subscribe to a local CBHI. Identifying the major factors affecting membership will be useful for improving CBHI coverage. The objective of this research is to obtain a general overview of existing evidence on the determinants of CBHI membership in West Africa.

Methods
A review of studies reporting on the factors determining membership in CBHI schemes in West Africa was conducted using guidelines developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Several databases were searched (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Global Health database, Embase, EconLit, Cairn.info, BDPS, Cochrane database and Google Scholar) for relevant articles available by August 15, 2022, with no methodological or linguistic restrictions in electronic databases and grey literature.

Results
The initial literature search resulted in 1611 studies, and 10 studies were identified by other sources. After eliminating duplicates, we reviewed the titles of the remaining 1275 studies and excluded 1080 irrelevant studies based on title and 124 studies based on abstracts. Of the 71 full texts assessed for eligibility, 32 additional papers were excluded (not relevant, outside West Africa, poorly described results) and finally 39 studies were included in the synthesis. Factors that negatively affect CBHI membership include advanced age, low education, low household income, poor quality of care, lack of trust in providers and remoteness, rules considered too strict or inappropriate, low trust in administrators and inadequate information campaign.

Conclusions
This study shows many lessons to be learned from a variety of countries and initiatives that could make CBHI an effective tool for increasing access to quality health care in order to achieve universal health coverage. Coverage through CBHI schemes could be improved through communication, improved education and targeted financial support.
Developing a conceptual framework for the health protection of United Nations peacekeepers against the COVID-19 pandemic from global health perspectives
Authors: Yuan Quan , Chen Yong , Wan Jiqing , Zhang Rui , Liao Miaomiao , Li Zhaogang , Zhou Jiani , Li Ying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed particular health risks to United Nations peacekeepers, which require prompt responses and global attention. Since the health protection of United Nations peacekeepers against the COVID-19 pandemic is a typical global health problem, strategies from global health perspectives may help address it. From global health perspectives, and referring to the successful health protection of the Chinese Anti-Ebola medical team in Liberia, a conceptual framework was developed for the health protection of United Nations peacekeepers against the COVID-19 pandemic. Within this framework, the features include multiple cross-borders (cross-border risk factors, impact, and actions); multiple risk factors (Social Determinants of Health), multiple disciplines (public health, medicine, politics, diplomacy, and others), and extensive interdepartmental cooperation. These strategies include multiple phases (before-deployment, during-deployment, and post-deployment), multi-level cooperation networks (the United Nations, host countries, troop-contributing countries, the United Nations peacekeeping team, and United Nations peacekeepers), and concerted efforts from various dimensions (medical, psychological, and social).
A postmortem study of unexpected natural pediatric deaths in Egypt
Authors: Fnon Nora Fawzy , Ismael Nour El-Hoda Sayed , Hassan Hanan Hosney , El-Sheikh Samar Abd-Elmonem , Sobh Zahraa Khalifa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying the causes of unexpected pediatric deaths is a clinical, medicolegal, and humanitarian requirement. This study included autopsied children aged < 18 years who suddenly died due to natural causes and excluded nonnatural deaths. The study was performed over 5 years in the Egyptian Forensic Medical Authority.

Results
The study included 244 cases, consisting of 51.6% of neonates (< 1 month), 18% of infants (1–12 months), and 30.3% of children (1–18 years). The cause of death in neonates and children was “explained natural diseases” in 73.8% and 91.9%, respectively, while it was only 45.5% in infants. Infection-related deaths account for 30.4% of all explained natural deaths. Infections were responsible for 11.8% of explained deaths in neonates, while 55% and 48.5% were in infants and children, respectively. Of the fatal infections, 60% occurred at the age of > 1 year. Pneumonia accounted for 61.8% of infection-related deaths, followed by myocarditis (12.7%) and septicemia (12.7%). Regarding systems that had fatal pathologies, respiratory causes were responsible for 64% of explained natural deaths, whereas cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases accounted for 11% and 7.7% of explained natural deaths, respectively. Considering prodromes, alarming symptoms were reported before death in 51.2% of cases, whereas death occurred without alarming manifestations in 29.9% of cases. The rest of the cases (18.9%) were abandoned children with unavailable antemortem data.

Conclusions
Present results serve as a valuable reference dataset for deaths in developmental stages in Egypt that guides forensic practitioners in managing child deaths.
Antagonist activities of native rhizosphere micro-flora against groundnut stem rot pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Authors: Akash A. U. , Ramya V. , Uma Devi G. , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Triveni S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundStem rot caused bySclerotium rolfsiiSacc. is a major nuisance in groundnut production, causing substantial yield losses in almost all groundnut-growing areas around the world. Biological control is regarded as a sustainable choice over the currently popular management strategy i.e., chemical control, as later has a negative influence on the environment. The present study evaluated the antagonistic effect of native rhizosphere micro-flora against groundnut stem rot pathogenS. rolfsii.ResultsA total of 111 bacterial isolates and 9Trichodermaisolates isolated from groundnut rhizosphere soil were evaluated for their antagonist activity againstS. rolfsiiin vitro. Eight isolates (seven bacterial and oneTrichoderma) were chosen as prospective biocontrol candidates based on the findings of the dual culture assay. Molecular characterization of these isolates by 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA sequencing confirmed the identity of bacterial isolates asBacillusspp. (sixB. subtilisand oneB. amyloliquefaciens) and fungal isolate asTrichoderma asperellum. Also, the selected seven bacterial isolates recorded favourable results for antagonism-promoting biochemical traits.ConclusionThe results of the current study suggested that the native groundnut rhizosphere micro-flora can be exploited for biological control of groundnut stem rot pathogenS. rolfsii. Further research may enable the use of the isolated rhizosphere biocontrol agents as single organisms or in a consortium for sustainable management of the groundnut stem rot pathogen.
Sustainability in interventional radiology: are we doing enough to save the environment?
Authors: Shum Pey Ling , Kok Hong Kuan , Maingard Julian , Zhou Kevin , Van Damme Vivienne , Barras Christen D. , Slater Lee-Anne , Chong Winston , Chandra Ronil V. , Jhamb Ashu , Brooks Mark , Asadi Hamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare waste contributes substantially to the world’s carbon footprint. Our aims are to review the current knowledge of Interventional Radiology (IR) waste generation and ways of reducing waste in practice, to quantify the environmental and financial impact of waste generated and address green initiatives to improve IR waste management.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in July 2022 using the Medline and Embase literature databases. The scope of the search included the field of IR as well as operating theatre literature, where relevant to IR practice.ResultsOne-hundred articles were reviewed and 68 studies met the inclusion criteria. Greening initiatives include reducing, reusing and recycling waste, as well as strict waste segregation. Interventional radiologists can engage with suppliers to reformulate procedure packs to minimize unnecessary items and packaging. Opened but unused equipment can be prevented if there is better communication within the team and increased staff awareness of wasted equipment cost. Incentives to use soon-to-expire equipment can be offered. Power consumption can be reduced by powering down operating room lights and workstations when not in use, changing to Light Emitting Diode (LED) and motion sensor lightings. Surgical hand wash can be replaced with alcohol-based hand rubs to reduce water usage. Common barriers to improving waste management include the lack of leadership, misconceptions regarding infectious risk, lack of data, concerns about increased workload, negative staff attitudes and resistance to change. Education remains a top priority to engage all staff in sustainable healthcare practices.ConclusionInterventional radiologists have a crucial role to play in improving healthcare sustainability. By implementing small, iterative changes to our practice, financial savings, greater efficiency and improved environmental sustainability can be achieved.
The current status and history of AFLAS
Authors: Kasai Noriyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Asian federation of laboratory animal science associations (AFLAS) was established on November 29, 2003, and will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2023. During this time, the number of AFLAS member associations and societies increased from six founders to eleven, and eight AFLAS congresses and 19 council meetings were held. In addition, the education and training system of laboratory animal science and technology funding program to support the activities of AFLAS member associations or societies started in 2015. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the activities of AFLAS, and the 10th Congress which was scheduled to be held in Thailand in 2021 had to be canceled. AFLAS must have its members work together to overcome this difficult situation and further develop.
Optimization of the iron-enriched extruded snack containing jackfruit seed flour, mung bean flour and ferrous ammonium phosphate by using response surface methodology
Authors: Kumari Aparna , Gupta Aditya , Chauhan Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Food and Agriculture Organization (State of food and agriculture. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction, 2019) stated that approximately 1.3 billion tons of food wasted every year caused the emission of around 4.4 gigatons of greenhouse gas. World Health Organization highlights that iron deficiency affects billions of people worldwide and remains the leading cause of anemia. With the growth of healthy and sustainable diets and consumers’ better understanding of the relationship between diet, health, and the environment, there is an opportunity to develop novel healthy extruded snacks. The present study was carried out using response surface methodology to investigate the effects of varying proportions of jackfruit seed flour, mung bean flour, and ferrous ammonium phosphate on physical and functional properties of extruded snacks. Experiments were carried out using a central composite rotatable design with three independent parameters such as jackfruit seed flour(%), mung bean flour(%), and ferrous ammonium phosphate (%), and five responses such as bulk density (BD), expansion ratio (ER), hardness, color difference (ΔE), and iron content. It was found that ferrous ammonium phosphate significantly increased the iron content. Bulk density, expansion ratio, and hardness were significantly affected by jackfruit seed flour and mung bean flour. All independent variables significantly influenced colour value. The optimized iron-enrich extruded snacks were obtained at 24.87% jackfruit seed flour, 20.95% mung bean flour, and 0.021% ferrous ammonium phosphate. The optimized extruded snack contained 15.32 g/100 g protein and 22.03 mg/100 g iron content. Results of the study indicate that the optimized extruded snack could be used as a protein and iron source to mitigate malnutrition and anemia.
Graphical Abstract
Robot-assisted ipsilateral partial nephrectomy with distal ureterectomy for synchronous renal and ureteric tumors—a case report
Authors: Murugesan Anandan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Ipsilateral synchronous renal and ureteric tumor is uncommon. Nephron sparing surgery is the standard for small renal masses. Ureteric tumors can be selectively managed with nephron sparing surgery, especially in renal dysfunction. This case report details the management of double malignancy by nephron sparing surgery with robot-assisted approach.

Case report
A 63-year-old gentleman with diabetes presented with history of intermittent gross hematuria for 2 weeks. He was clinically normal. On evaluation, he had grade 4 renal dysfunction (Se. creatinine 4.5 mg%) with mild proteinuria. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed right renal upper polar Bosniak III lesion and right hydroureteronephrosis due to 2 cm ureteric tumor near the vessel crossing. Renogram showed overall GFR of 22 ml/min with 31% (6 ml/min) contribution from the right side. He underwent robot-assisted right partial nephrectomy with distal ureterectomy and Boari flap ureteric reimplantation. Histopathology revealed margins free T2 clear cell carcinoma (kidney) and high-grade T3 transitional cell carcinoma (ureter). His nadir creatinine at 1 year follow-up was 3.3 mg% and no recurrence on MRI, cystoscopy, and ureteroscopy at 1 year.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive nephron sparing surgery is feasible and reasonable option with satisfactory oncological control even in ipsilateral synchronous renal and ureteric tumors in selected patients with renal dysfunction.
Alterations of the fecal microbiota in relation to acute COVID-19 infection and recovery
Authors: Yin Yue Sandra , Minacapelli Carlos D. , Parmar Veenat , Catalano Carolyn C. , Bhurwal Abhishek , Gupta Kapil , Rustgi Vinod K. , Blaser Martin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeople with acute COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection experience a range of symptoms, but major factors contributing to severe clinical outcomes remain to be understood. Emerging evidence suggests associations between the gut microbiome and the severity and progression of COVID-19. To better understand the host-microbiota interactions in acute COVID-19, we characterized the intestinal microbiome of patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to recovered patients and uninfected healthy controls. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples collected between May 2020 and January 2021 from 20 COVID-19-positive patients, 20 COVID-19-recovered subjects and 20 healthy controls. COVID-19-positive patients had altered microbiome community characteristics compared to the recovered and control subjects, as assessed by both α- and β-diversity differences. In COVID-19-positive patients, we observed depletion of Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, as well as decreased relative abundances of the genera Faecalibacterium, Adlercreutzia, and the Eubacterium brachy group. The enrichment of Prevotellaceae with COVID-19 infection continued after viral clearance; antibiotic use induced further gut microbiota perturbations in COVID-19-positive patients. In conclusion, we present evidence that acute COVID-19 induces gut microbiota dysbiosis with depletion of particular populations of commensal bacteria, a phenomenon heightened by antibiotic exposure, but the general effects do not persist post-recovery.
How can we obtain truly translational mouse models to improve clinical outcomes in schizophrenia?
Authors: Clapcote Steven J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting 0.7% of the world’s population. Despite over 50 years of schizophrenia drug identification and development, there have been no fundamental advances in the treatment of schizophrenia since the 1980s. Complex genetic aetiology and elusive pathomechanisms have made it difficult for researchers to develop models that sufficiently reflect pathophysiology to support effective drug discovery. However, recent large-scale, well-powered genomic studies have identified risk genes that represent tractable entry points to decipher disease mechanisms in heterogeneous patient populations and develop targeted treatments. Replicating schizophrenia-associated gene variants in mouse models is an important strategy to start understanding their pathogenicity and role in disease biology. Furthermore, longitudinal studies in a wide range of genetic mouse models from early postnatal life are required to assess the progression of this disease through developmental stages to improve early diagnostic strategies and enable preventative measures. By expanding and refining our approach to schizophrenia research, we can improve prevention strategies and treatment of this debilitating disease.
Standard Lymphadenectomy for Esophageal and Lung Cancer: Variability in the Number of Examined Lymph Nodes Among Pathologists and Its Survival Implication
Authors: Uimonen Mikko , Helminen Olli , Böhm Jan , Mrena Johanna , Sihvo Eero 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimWe compared variability in number of examined lymph nodes between pathologists and analyzed survival implications in lung and esophageal cancer after standardized lymphadenectomy.MethodsOutcomes of 294 N2 dissected lung cancer patients and 132 2-field dissected esophageal cancer patients were retrospectively examined. The primary outcome was difference in reported lymph node count among pathologists. Secondary outcomes were overall and disease-specific survival related to this count and survival related to the 50% probability cut-off value of detecting metastasis based on the number of examined lymph nodes.ResultsThe median number of examined lymph nodes in lung cancer was 13 (IQR 9–17) and in esophageal cancer it was 22 (18–29). The pathologist with the highest median number of examined nodes had > 50% higher lymph node yield compared with the pathologist with the lowest median number of nodes in lung (15 vs. 9.5,p= 0.003), and esophageal cancer (28 vs. 17,p= 0.003). Survival in patients stratified by median reported lymph node count in both lung (adjusted RMST ratio < 14 vs. ≥ 14 lymph nodes 0.99, 95% CI 0.88–1.10;p= 0.810) and esophageal cancer (adjusted RMST ratio < 25 vs. ≥ 25 lymph nodes 0.95, 95% CI 0.79–1.15,p= 0.612) was similar. The cut-off value for 50% probability of detecting metastasis by number of examined lymph nodes in lung cancer was 15.7 and in esophageal cancer 21.8. When stratified by this cut-off, no survival differences were seen.ConclusionThe quality of lymphadenectomy based on lymph node yield is susceptible to error due to detected variability between pathologists in the number of examined lymph nodes. This variability in yield did not have any survival effect after standardized lymphadenectomy.
Frontier model of the environmental inefficiency effects on livestock bioeconomy
Authors: Zuniga Gonzalez C. A. , Jaramillo-Villanueva J. L. 
Published: November 2022

Background: This work was focused on measuring environmental inefficiency in Mexican dairy farms, considering climate change variables related to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and planetary geomagnetic activity. Methods: The applied methodology measures the eco-efficiency of Mexican dairy farms using the empirical application of a stochastic frontier model of the bioeconomy. The productive sector of the bioeconomy studied was the eco-intensification of the livestock production system (dairies). The environmental inefficiency effect was assumed to be a distribution-independent truncation of a normal distribution with constant variance, while the mean was a linear environmental function of the observable variable. Results: The results showed that the coefficients of the frontier model were highly significant, highlighting the investment in livestock (50%). The inefficiency model had an impact on climate variation with greenhouse gas emissions CH4 (1.96%). The results of the environmental technical efficiency in geometric average were 81.28%. The producers that reached the border with a technical efficiency equal to 1 are the references for the rest, marking the relative technical efficiency. Conclusions: It was concluded that the coefficients in the model were very significant, showing the level of investment in livestock (50%). The low-performance model estimates the impact of climate change on GHG emissions CH4 (1.96%) explaining the trend of increasing GHG emissions, keeping in view that the management of food and cattle during the study period were affected by summer feeding, which allowed considering the activity of GHG emissions. According to the results, the geometric mean environmental performance of engineering is 81.28%.
European small-town Renewable Energy Communities: Participatory design of supporting tools as a vehicle to engage and understand local communities and their energy related concerns
Authors: Blanke Julia , Belda Gonzalez Alberto , D’Oca Simona , Niederkofler Michael , Nordlund Edvard 
Published: November 2022

Renewable Energy Communities (REC) are an emerging initiative that aims to contribute to the energy transition towards a more decentralised system in Europe by encouraging local communities to come together and invest in and operate renewable energy assets together.Decision-making processes of these communities need to be supported by adequate tools, which also can be used in the formation of the community groups in the first place. In this paper a case-study of four European small-town communities in Berchidda (Italy), Ollersdorf (Austria), Ispaster (Spain), and Kökar (Finland) carried out in the context of the LocalRES project is presented, where a participatory design methodology has been applied to co-create community supporting tools. Feedback gathered during four citizen workshops is presented, showing that to optimally support RECs in their formation and operation three main topics need to be supported: (1) the technical realisation and potential upgrades of the energy system, i.e., visualising energy generation and consumption on an individual and a community level, (2) the financial and economic implications of investments, i.e., calculating costs and return on investment for the individual and for the community, as well as (3) the social dimension and communication between community members and other relevant stakeholders, i.e., helping with community building and community engagement. The participatory process presented in the case studies does not only serve to gather requirements for tool design, but it also is a useful vehicle to bring together all interested citizens and understand their needs and concerns. A summary of this detailed citizen feedback is also presented.
On a generalized class of analytic functions related to Bazilevič functions
Authors: Parida Laxmipriya , Bulboaca Teodor , Sahoo Ashok  Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Using operator Lp(a, c) introduced by Saitoh (Math. Japon. 44 (1996), 31–38) we define the subclass Hp,nν,μ (a, c; ϕ) of the class A(p, n) and establish containment, subordination and coefficient inequalities of this subclass. We indicate the connections of our results with earlier results obtained by other researchers.