bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Caldas Ana Paula Silva , Rocha Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado , Dionísio Ana Paula , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Bressan Josefina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effect of nuts on health. However, Brazil and cashew nuts remain the least studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of these nuts within an energy-restricted diet on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic markers and endothelial function in cardiometabolic risk women. Brazilian nuts study is a randomised controlled parallel 8-week dietary intervention trial. Forty women were randomly allocated to (1) control group: energy-restricted diet without nuts, n 19 or (2) Brazil and cashew nuts group (BN-Group): energy-restricted diet containing daily 45 g of nuts (15 g of Brazil nuts + 30 g of cashew nuts), n 21. At the beginning and final intervention, anthropometry, body composition and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood sampling was obtained to evaluate lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and endothelial function markers. After 8-week, plasma Se concentration increased in BN-group (Δ = + 31·5 (sem 7·8) μg/l; P = 0·001). Brazil and cashew nuts intake reduced total body fat (–1·3 (sem 0·4) %) parallel to improvement of lean mass percentage in BN-group compared with the control. Besides, the soluble adhesion molecule VCAM-1 decreased (24·03 (sem 15·7) pg/ml v. −22·2 (sem 10·3) pg/ml; P = 0·019) after Brazil and cashew nuts intake compared with the control. However, lipid and glucose profile markers, apolipoproteins and blood pressure remained unchanged after the intervention. Thus, the addition of Brazil and cashew nuts to an energy-restricted diet can be a healthy strategy to improve body composition, Se status and endothelial inflammation in cardiometabolic risk women.
Relationship between the fasting status during hospitalisation, the length of hospital stay and the outcome
Authors: Muto Yuka , Kurosawa Ayano , Ukita Chieri , Hanafusa Norio , Nagata Satoru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of long-term fasting on the prognosis and hospital economy of hospitalised patient have not been established. To clarify the effects of long-term fasting on the prognosis and hospital economy of hospitalised patients, we conducted a prospective observational study on the length of hospital stay of patients hospitalised at thrity-one private university hospitals in Japan. We conducted a prospective observational study on the effects of fasting period length on the length of hospital stay and outcome of patients hospitalised for 3 months in those hospitals. Of the 14 172 cases of hospitalised patients during the target period on the reference day, 770 cases (median 71 years old) were eligible to fast for the study. The length of hospital stay for fasting patients was 33 (4–387) days, which was about 2·4 times longer than the average length of hospital stay for all patients. A comparative study showed the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the long-term-fasting (fasting period > 10 d; n 386) group than in the medium-term-fasting (< 10 d; n 384) group (median 21 v. 50; P < 0·0001). Although the discharge to home rate was significantly higher in the medium-term-fasting group (71·4 % v. 36·5 %; P < 0·0001), the mortality rate was significantly higher in the long-term fasting group (10·8 % v. 25·8 %; P < 0·0001). It was verified that the longer the fasting period during hospitalisation, the longer the length of hospital stay and lower home discharge rate, thus indicating that patient quality of life and hospital economy may be seriously dameged.
How do parents refer to their children while playing? A cross-linguistic comparison of parental input to Bulgarian- and English-speaking children with ASD
Authors: BAROKOVA Mihaela D. , TAGER-FLUSBERG Helen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInstances of person-reference, in the form of personal pronouns, names, or terms of endearment, are frequently used in child-directed speech. Examining this aspect of parental input is especially relevant to children with autism, who experience difficulties with person-reference. In this study, we compared the person-reference during parent-child interactions of Bulgarian (N=37) and English-speaking (N=37) parents of children with autism, who were matched on the language ability of their child. English-speaking parents used significantly more personal pronouns to refer to their children, while Bulgarian-speaking parents used the child’s name more along with kinship terms. Furthermore, Bulgarian-speaking parents used significantly more different ways to refer to their child. These group differences were interpreted in the context of structural differences in the pronominal systems of Bulgarian and English, and in terms of culturally different discourse practices.
On possible life-dispersal patterns beyond the Earth
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe assumption that exoplanets are ‘in equilibrium’ with their surroundings has not given way to life's transmissivity on large spatial scales. The spread of human diseases and the life recovery rate after mass extinctions on our planet, on the other hand, may exhibit spatial and temporal scaling as well as distribution correlations that influence the mappable range of their characteristics. We model hypothetical bio-dispersal within a single Galactic region using the stochastic infection dynamics process, which is inspired by these local properties of life dispersal on Earth. We split the population of stellar systems into different categories regarding habitability and evolved them through time using probabilistic cellular automata rules analogous to the model. As a dynamic effect, we include the existence of natural dispersal vectors (e.g. dust, asteroids) in a way that avoids assumptions about their agency (i.e. questions of existence). Moreover, by assuming that dispersal vectors have a finite velocity and range, the model includes the parameter of ‘optical depth of life spreading’. The effect of the oscillatory infection rate ($b( t,\; \, d)$) on the long-term behaviour of the dispersal flux, which adds a diffusive component to its progression, is also taken into account. The life recovery rate ($g( t,\; \, d)$) was only included in the model as a link to macrofaunal diversity data, which shows that all mass extinctions have a 10 Myr ‘speed rate’ in diversity recovery. This parameter accounts for the repopulation of empty viable niches as well as the formation of new ones, without ruling out the possibility of genuine life reemergence on other habitable worlds in the Galaxy that colossal extinctions have sterilized. All life-transmission events within the Galactic patch have thus been mapped into phase space characterized by parameters $b$ and $g$. We found that phase space is separated into subregions of long-lasting transmission, rapidly terminated transmission, and a transition region between the two. We observed that depending on the amplitude of the oscillatory life-spreading rate, life-transmission in the Galactic patch might take on different geometrical shapes (i.e. ‘waves’). Even if some host systems are uninhabited, life transmission has a certain threshold, allowing a patch to be saturated with viable material over a long period. Although stochastic fluctuations in the local density of habitable systems allow for clusters that can continuously infect one another, the spatial pattern disappears when life transmission is below the observed threshold, so that transmission process is not permanent in time. Both findings suggest that a habitable planet in a densely populated region may remain uninfected.
Immigration and settlement of the children of Japanese war orphans left behind in China: Policy development, family strategy and life course
Authors: Zhang Longlong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article takes a life course perspective to examine the immigration and settlement processes experienced by children of Japanese war orphans left behind in China. Due to legal, social and biological factors, the lifecourses of immigrants are analysed in four groups, determined their age and, concomitantly their year of immigration. “Child immigrants” immigrated by the mid-1980s at school age and steadily built working careers. Due to multiple factors, “adolescent immigrants” made a hasty decision to immigrate to Japan before reaching twenty in the late 1980s. As they did not have special skills, they remained unable to achieve upward mobility. “Young adult immigrants,” falling outside the age-limit eligible for government support, immigrated in 1990s at their own expense while in their 20s. It took a long time before attaining stability in life. “Elder adult immigrants” immigrated in the late 1990s and later while in their 30s. They continue to live at the bottom of the social ladder in Japan.
Transitioning into and improving online History teaching
Authors: Shannahan John , Fredericks Vanessa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRelatively little literature specific to the discipline of History aims to translate theory into practice in regard to designing effective online and flipped learning experiences. This article synthesises current literature into practical advice and reflects on previous experience as an aid to historians (a) tasked with developing online or flipped units or (b) who have transitioned online and are seeking ways to improve. Feedback from students and learning analytics from a flipped unit at a large Australian university underpin the paper's advice. Student feedback and behaviour, coupled with the reflections of the unit's designers, encourage (1) prioritising effective educational media and recording practices over the production of digital material with the longest shelf life, (2) explicit consideration of unit structure and support offered to students, (3) readings which consider the student perspective, (4) enthusiasm about the delivery format, and (5) the overarching importance of constructive alignment.
The Biogeochemical Legacy of Arctic Subglacial Sediments Exposed by Glacier Retreat
Authors: Vinšová P. , Kohler T. J. , Simpson M. J. , Hajdas I. , Yde J. C. , Falteisek L. , Žárský J. D. , Yuan T. , Tejnecký V. , Mercl F. , Hood E. , Stibal M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring past periods of advance, Arctic glaciers and ice sheets overrode soil, sediments, and vegetation and buried significant stores of organic matter (OM); these glaciers are now shrinking rapidly due to climate warming. Little is known about the biogeochemical processing of the OM buried beneath glacier ice which makes the processes associated with deglaciation difficult to predict. Subglacial sediments exposed at receding glacier fronts may represent a legacy of past biogeochemical processes. Here, we analyzed sediments from retreating fronts of 19 Arctic glaciers for their mineralogical and elemental composition, contents of major nutrients, OM biomarkers (aliphatic lipids and lignin‐derived phenols), 14C age, and microbial community structure. We show the character of the sediments is mostly determined by local glaciation history and bedrock lithology. Most subglacial sediments offer high amounts of readily bioavailable phosphorus (i.e., loose, labile, and Fe/Al P fractions) but lack readily accessible carbon substrates. The subglacial OM originated mainly from overridden terrestrial vascular plants. The results of OM biomarker analysis and 14C dating suggest the OM substrates degrade in the subglacial environment and are reworked by the resident microbial communities. We argue the biogeochemical legacy of the perishing subglacial environments is an important determinant for the early processes of proglacial ecological succession.
The Impact of Matrix Rheology on Stress Concentration in Embedded Brittle Clasts
Authors: Ioannidi Paraskevi Io , Bogatz Kyle , Reber Jacqueline E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrictional failure is the dominant deformation mechanism for rocks in the upper crust while in the middle crust rocks begin to deform viscously. Within this transition, brittle and viscous phases coexist, forming semi‐frictional materials. While semi‐frictional deformation on large scales might play an important role in understanding the transition between earthquakes and slow slip/creep, it can also be observed at smaller scales. Here, we use field observations of the Papoose Flat pluton in eastern California to study deformation of heterogeneous materials during shearing. Clast concentration varies between 2% and 12% by area. Field and microscopic observations show that the matrix deforms viscously, while the clasts fail in a brittle manner. We systematically document clast concentration and spacing with respect to clast fracturing and observe increasing frictional failure of clasts with increasing clast concentration. To test which matrix viscosities impose enough stresses on the clasts to lead to frictional deformation, we complement field observations with 2D numerical models. Maps with 7% by area randomly placed circular clasts are created and deformed under simple shear kinematic conditions. We test different matrix viscosities, from constant low and high viscosity (1017 and 1019 Pa.s, respectively), to dislocation creep for granite. Clasts in the vicinity of other clasts are affected by stresses around their neighbors. This effect decreases with increasing clast distance. Our field observations and numerical results suggest that the viscous phase can impose significant stresses onto the brittle phase, causing failure even at very low clast concentrations and in the absence of clast‐clast interactions.
Cullin 4b-RING ubiquitin ligase targets IRGM1 to regulate Wnt signaling and intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Fan Yujia , Huo Xiaohan , Guo Beibei , Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Yang , Lian Jiabei , Meng Xinyuan , Shao Yiwen , Zou Yongxin , Guo Haiyang , Wang Haitao , Sun Gongping , Dou Hao , Wang Jinshen , Shao Changshun , Gong Yaoqin , Hu Huili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHierarchical organization of intestine relies on the self-renewal and tightly regulated differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Although signals like Wnt are known to sustain the continued intestinal renewal by maintaining ISCs activity and lineage commitment, molecular mechanisms underlying ISCs ‘stemness’ and supportive niche have not been well understood. Here, we found that CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) regulates intestinal homeostasis by targeting immunity-related GTPase family M member 1 (IRGM1) for proteasomal degradation. CUL4B was mainly expressed at ISCs zone. Deletion of Cul4b led to reduced self-renewal of ISCs and a decreased lineage differentiation towards secretory progenitors through downregulated Wnt signals. Besides, Cul4b-null mice exhibited impaired Paneth cells number and structure. Mechanistically, CRL4B complex were associated with WD40 proteins and targeted IRGM1 at K270 for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Impaired intestinal function caused by CUL4B deletion was rescued by down-regulation of its substrate IRGM1. Our results identified CUL4B as a novel regulator of ISCs and revealed a new 26 S proteasome degradation mechanism in intestine self-renewal and lineage commitment.
Cell surface nucleolin is a novel ADAMTS5 receptor mediating endothelial cell apoptosis
Authors: Kirman Dogan Can , Renganathan Bhuvanasundar , Chui Wai Kit , Chen Ming Wei , Kaya Neslihan Arife , Ge Ruowen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) 5 functions as an anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer protein independent of its metalloproteinase activity. Both full-length ADAMTS5 and TS5-p45, the autocatalytically cleaved C-terminal 45 kDa truncate of ADAMTS5, inhibits angiogenesis, and induces endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. However, how ADAMTS5 triggers EC apoptosis remains unclear. This work shows that caspase-8 (Cas-8) and caspase-9 (Cas-9) are involved in TS5-p45-induced EC apoptosis. We identify cell surface nucleolin (NCL) as a novel high-affinity receptor for TS5-p45 in ECs, mediating TS5-p45’s cell surface binding and pro-apoptotic function. We show that the central RNA-binding domain (RBD) of NCL is essential and sufficient for its binding to TS5-p45. Upon interacting with EC surface NCL, TS5-p45 is internalized through clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis and trafficked to the nucleus via late endosomes (LEs). We demonstrate that the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45 is important for its pro-apoptotic activity as disruption of LE membrane integrity with an endosomolytic peptide suppressed both nuclear trafficking and pro-apoptotic activity of TS5-p45. Through cell surface biotinylation, we revealed that cell surface NCL shuttles extracellular TS5-p45 to the nucleus to mediate apoptosis. Furthermore, blocking the importin α1/ß1 receptor hindered the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45, suggesting the involvement of the nuclear importing machinery for this nuclear translocation. RNA-seq identified many apoptosis-related genes that are differentially expressed at least two-fold in TS5-p45-treated ECs, with 10 of them qRT-PCR-validated and at least 5 of these genes potentially contributing to TS5-p45-NCL-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our work identifies NCL as a novel cell surface receptor for ADAMTS5 and demonstrates the critical role of NCL-mediated internalization and nuclear trafficking for ADAMTS5-induced EC apoptosis. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights of the secreted metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 in angiogenesis inhibition.
Integrative molecular and clinical profiling of acral melanoma links focal amplification of 22q11.21 to metastasis
Authors: Farshidfar Farshad , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Levovitz Chaya , Peng Cong , Knight James , Bacchiocchi Antonella , Su Juan , Yin Mingzhu , Sznol Mario , Ariyan Stephan , Clune James , Olino Kelly , Parida Laxmi , Nikolaus Joerg , Zhang Meiling , Zhao Shuang , Wang Yan , Huang Gang , Wan Miaojian , Li Xianan , Cao Jian , Yan Qin , Chen Xiang , Newman Aaron M. , Halaban Ruth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcral melanoma, the most common melanoma subtype among non-White individuals, is associated with poor prognosis. However, its key molecular drivers remain obscure. Here, we perform integrative genomic and clinical profiling of acral melanomas from 104 patients ﻿treated in North America (n = 37) or China (n = 67). We find that recurrent, late-arising focal amplifications of cytoband 22q11.21 are a leading determinant of inferior survival, strongly associated with metastasis, and linked to downregulation of immunomodulatory genes associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade. Unexpectedly, LZTR1 – a known tumor suppressor in other cancers – is a key candidate oncogene in this cytoband. Silencing of LZTR1 in melanoma cell lines causes apoptotic cell death independent of major hotspot mutations or melanoma subtypes. Conversely, overexpression of LZTR1 in normal human melanocytes initiates processes associated with metastasis, including anchorage-independent growth, formation of spheroids, and an increase in MAPK and SRC activities. Our results provide insights into the etiology of acral melanoma and implicate LZTR1 as a key tumor promoter and therapeutic target.
Robust growth of two-dimensional metal dichalcogenides and their alloys by active chalcogen monomer supply
Authors: Zuo Yonggang , Liu Can , Ding Liping , Qiao Ruixi , Tian Jinpeng , Liu Chang , Wang Qinghe , Xue Guodong , You Yilong , Guo Quanlin , Wang Jinhuan , Fu Ying , Liu Kehai , Zhou Xu , Hong Hao , Wu Muhong , Lu Xiaobo , Yang Rong , Zhang Guangyu , Yu Dapeng , Wang Enge , Bai Xuedong , Ding Feng , Liu Kaihui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe precise precursor supply is a precondition for controllable growth of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Although great efforts have been devoted to modulating the transition metal supply, few effective methods of chalcogen feeding control were developed. Here we report a strategy of using active chalcogen monomer supply to grow high-quality TMDs in a robust and controllable manner, e.g., MoS2 monolayers perform representative photoluminescent circular helicity of ~92% and electronic mobility of ~42 cm2V−1s−1. Meanwhile, a uniform quaternary TMD alloy with three different anions, i.e., MoS2(1-x-y)Se2xTe2y, was accomplished. Our mechanism study revealed that the active chalcogen monomers can bind and diffuse freely on a TMD surface, which enables the effective nucleation, reaction, vacancy healing and alloy formation during the growth. Our work offers a degree of freedom for the controllable synthesis of 2D compounds and their alloys, benefiting the development of high-end devices with desired 2D materials.
Biosynthetic gene cluster profiling predicts the positive association between antagonism and phylogeny in Bacillus
Authors: Xia Liming , Miao Youzhi , Cao A’li , Liu Yan , Liu Zihao , Sun Xinli , Xue Yansheng , Xu Zhihui , Xun Weibing , Shen Qirong , Zhang Nan , Zhang Ruifu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the driving forces and intrinsic mechanisms of microbial competition is a fundamental question in microbial ecology. Despite the well-established negative correlation between exploitation competition and phylogenetic distance, the process of interference competition that is exemplified by antagonism remains controversial. Here, we studied the genusBacillus, a commonly recognized producer of multifarious antibiotics, to explore the role of phylogenetic patterns of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in mediating the relationship between antagonism and phylogeny. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a positive association between BGC distance and phylogenetic distance. Antagonistic tests demonstrated that the inhibition phenotype positively correlated with both phylogenetic and predicted BGC distance, especially for antagonistic strains possessing abundant BGCs. Mutant-based verification showed that the antagonism was dependent on the BGCs that specifically harbored by the antagonistic strain. These findings highlight that BGC-phylogeny coherence regulates the positive correlation between congeneric antagonism and phylogenetic distance, which deepens our understanding of the driving force and intrinsic mechanism of microbial interactions.
Chemical medium-range order in a medium-entropy alloy
Authors: Wang Jing , Jiang Ping , Yuan Fuping , Wu Xiaolei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh-/medium-entropy alloys (H/MEA) have the inherent local chemical order. Yet, as a structural link between the incipient short-range order and mature long-range counterpart, the chemical medium-range order (CMRO) is conjectural and remains open questions as to if, and what kind of, CMRO would be produced and if CMRO is mechanically stable during plastic deformation. Here, we show compelling evidences for CMRO in an Al9.5CrCoNi MEA. Specifically, the electron diffraction under both [$$112$$
112
] and [$$013$$
013
] zone axis show the definite spots for CMRO of lattice periodicity. CMRO entities are seen directly of medium-ranged in sizes by using dark-field imaging, along with the tendency towards like-pair avoidance and unlike-pair preference based on atomic-resolution EDS mapping. These findings substantiate CMRO with a realistic structural picture in view of crystal periodicity and chemical species occupation, shedding light on understanding the microstructural link at an extended length scale beyond the short-range order.