bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catatonia and dementia: a case report
Authors: Almeida E. , Abreu J. , Martins J. , Vaz R. , Sousa R. , Brás J. , Costa A. , Teixeira D. , Marques A. , Monteiro E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCatatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor, behavioral and autonomic changes. It is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including dementia. Catatonia is an underdiagnosed syndrome, so it is important to draw attention to it. Here, we review a case of a patient admitted to our psychiatric department with a clinical presentation compatible with catatonia. After proper treatment, further assessment revealed dementia.ObjectivesThis work aims to describe a case of catatonia in a patient with dementia.MethodsBibliographic research using Pubmed®. Clinical file consultation and patient interviews.ResultsCatatonia is a disorder that was already been described as part of several types of dementia. We present a 69-year-old female patient, admitted to our psychiatric department with clinical presentation compatible with catatonia. To admission, she presented some typical complications resulting from long immobility such as pressure ulcers and nutritional deficiencies. During the hospitalization, she developed a urinary infection and there was the need to tube feeding. She was treated with benzodiazepines and improved. Further assessment revealed dementia.ConclusionsCatatonia in dementia is not uncommon, although it is an underdiagnosed syndrome, and when treated early and properly it has a good prognosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The occurrence of symptoms of fear of COVID-19 among participants of the Polish University of the Third Age
Authors: Cybulski M. , Cwalina U. , Krajewska-Kulak E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe older adults have been considered one of the groups at highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death due to COVID-19. Fear of SARS-CoV-2 infections has become widespread. It’s constantly being enhanced by the media reports and social distancing principle.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assessment the occurrence of symptoms of fear of COVID-19 among participants of the Polish University of the Third Age (UTA).MethodsThe study included 296 participants of the UTA in Poland, including 258 women and 38 men. The study conducted with the use of the following validated psychometric scales: General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsThe mean scores in STAI and SHAI demonstrated mild symptoms indicative of anxiety disorders in the older adults. Women and men did differ significantly in terms of the scores obtained in STAI(X-1) (p=0.002) and STAI(X-2) (p=0.020). There were no statistically significant differences between respondents with higher education and those with a different level of education. The single respondents differed significantly from divorced ones in terms of STAI(X-1) (p=0.046). Moreover, widows/widowers differed significantly from divorced ones in terms of STAI(X-2) (p=0.045) and GAD-7 (p=0.032).ConclusionsThe subjective experience of anxiety symptoms associated with fear of contracting COVID-19 was increased due to the ongoing pandemic, but was not significantly high in the analysed population of older people. COVID-19-related anxiety was significantly more common in lonely individuals. Women and men differed significantly in terms of perceived state anxiety and trait anxiety measured by STAI.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Language disorders or mild cognitive disorder. About a case
Authors: Valverde Barea M. , Solis M. , Perdiguero Sempere E. , Ortigosa Luque M. , Santiago Paris J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with mild cognitive impairment may present deficits in naming, speech production, oral comprehension and written comprehension. In the differential diagnosis, cerebrovascular disease that can lead to cognitive impairment must also be differentiated from endogenous depressive disorder or language impairment.ObjectivesThe aim is to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in cognitive disorders in relation to a case.MethodsA 68-year-old female patient attended a psychiatric consultation derived from neurology when presenting a language disorder. The husband who accompanies her and the patient indicate that she has problems finding words and substitutes other expressions for them or sometimes does not answer or does so with something different from the topic that is being asked. She refers that she presents repetitive language with memory problems, alteration in the evocation of memories. The patient reports mood swings and irritability and crying with a low tolerance for frustration since she cannot express herself. Cranial MRI: cortical and central involutional changes. Periventricular leukoaraiosis and ischemic gliosis-like lesions in the white matter of both hemispheres. Psychopathological exploration: Conscious, oriented. She smiles at the questions but doesn’t answer them. Repetitive language. Alteration in the articulation of language. Depressed mood reactive to current situation. Some irritability Alteration in recent memory and evocation.ResultsShe was diagnosed with organic mental disorder compatible with mild cognitive impairment. Treatment with rehabilitation of the language disorder of vascular etiology is established.ConclusionsImaging and neuropsychological tests should always be performed in a patient with language, memory, and mood disorders to study its etiology.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychosis as the Initial Presenting Symptom of Anti-Hu Encephalitis: A Case Series with Literature Review
Authors: Garrels E. , Zamiri A. , Pakniyat-Jahromi S. , Gunturu S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnti-Hu related Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome (PNS) is one of the most common paraneoplastic-associated neurological syndromes (Kayser 2010). While the primary clinical manifestations are neurologic in nature (Smitt 2002), only rare reports exist regarding psychiatric manifestations. Our poster presents two cases of Anti-Hu Encephalitis manifesting as psychosis as well as a systematic literature review on the co-occurrence of psychosis and PNS.ObjectivesThe aim of this case series is to show psychosis as the primary symptom of a paraneoplastic syndrome that does not typically present in this way. It also serves as a reminder to have a detailed work-up and maintain a wide differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with first-episode psychosis.MethodsTwo cases of anti-Hu encephalitis primarily presenting with psychiatric symptoms are discussed. A systematic literature review was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model on three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. Search terms included were (Anti-Hu) AND (Psychosis OR Hallucinations OR Schizophrenia OR Schizoaffective).ResultsOur case series reports on two patients with diagnosed anti-Hu encephalitis who were treated by our psychiatry team, where the primary manifestations of the illness were psychiatric in nature. Psychotic symptoms in these cases were managed with Risperidone, Olanzapine, and Paliperidone.ConclusionsPsychotic symptoms are seldom reported in the literature and cases like the ones presented emphasize the importance of a full medical work-up for first episode psychosis as well as a wide differential. Given the increased association between PNS and psychiatric illness, more emphasis and further research is warranted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self-harm on a closed psychiatric ward
Authors: Kool N. , Jaspers A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSelf-harming behavior is a frequent problem seen at patients admitted to closed wards in psychiatric hospitals. People who self-harm have al higher risk of other forms of aggressive behavior as well. Little is known about prevalence and characteristics of this behavior, the preceding triggering factors and the relation with other aggressive behaviors.ObjectivesTo gain insights in the self-harming behavior of patients admitted to a closed ward in a psychiatric hospital.MethodsFrom September 2019 till January 2021 information on self-harming incidents and aggressive behavior towards others or objects, of 27 patients admitted to the closed department of the Centre Intensive Treatment (Centrum Intensieve Behandeling), has been gathered. The Self-Harm Scale and Social Dysfunction and Agression Scale were used to gather the data.ResultsTwenty of 27 patients examined (74%) showed self-harming behavior. Head banging (41,9%) and self-harming using straps/ropes (30%) occurred most. Tension/stress as triggering factor was mentioned most (19,1%), followed by reliving (13,5%) and team interaction (11,8%). Self-harming behavior occurred more in evenings then during the rest of the day. No significant difference was found in the degree of aggressive behavior towards others or objects between the group of patients harming themselves and the group that didn’t.ConclusionsThis study delivers insights in self-harming behavior of patients admitted to closed psychiatric departments that can be used for prevention and treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Portuguese validation of the Self-Generated Stress Scale
Authors: Brito M.J. , Carvalho F. , Vitória P. , Amaral A.P. , Carneiro M. , Cabacos C. , Araújo A. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSelf-Generated Stress might be defined as stress that is created by oneself by engaging in behavior or making decisions that ultimately add strain to pre-existing personal stress. The Self-Generated Stress Scale (SGSS; Flett et al. 2020) is a seven-item self-report measure built to assess this tendency to make one’s own life more stressful.ObjectivesTo analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese Version of the SGSS.MethodsParticipants (127 medicine and dentistry students; 78.0% female) answered an online survey including the preliminary Portuguese version of the SGSS and other validated questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory – Students Survey, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, HEXACO-60 and Big Three Perfectionism Scale.ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the unidimensional model presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=1.546; RMSEA=.0666, p<.001; CFI=.982 TLI=.972, GFI=.960). The Cronbach’s alfa was .868. Pearson correlations between SGSS and the other measures were significant (p<.01) and moderate/high: Burnout, .412; Stress/Anxiety/Depression, >.550; Perfectionism, .600; Emotionality, .315; Extroversion, -.411. After controlling for the effect of Emotionality and Extroversion, SGSS explained significant additional increments of 19.9% and 14.0% of the DASS and MBI variance; controlling for Perfectionism, the increments were respectively of 27.9% and 2.0%. SGSS mean score (22.96±5.90 was not significantly different by gender.ConclusionsAs observed with the original English-language scale, the Portuguese version of SGSS showed good validity (construct and convergent-divergent) and internal consistency. As such, the SGSS might be useful in further investigation, particularly to explore the different pathways between personality traits, emotional regulation processes and psychological distress.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Alexithymia and dissociation in personality disorders: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Pacetti M. , Salmaso D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with “personality disorder”, has history of traumatic life events and are predisposed to develop alexithymia and dissociation, considered as risk factor for severity.ObjectivesThe aim of the research is to analyze alexithymia relating to dissociative symptoms, and investigate their associations, in 34 patients with personality disorder.MethodsOutpatients with personality disorder relating to Mental Health Centre have been identified and tested with the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Parma Scale for Personality Functioning and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.ResultsThere was no significant association between age of patients and presence of alexithymia (r=-0.16) and dissociation (r=-0.19); most patients with alexithymia and dissociation were female (67%; 0.67%). 71% of alexithymic subjects had attended lower secondary school, 50% upper secondary school and 43% had a university degree. Substance use is higher in alexithymic patients (73%). 69% of subjects who do not undergo any individual or group psychotherapy are alexithymic; for dissociative symptoms it is significant to undergo both psychotherapies. Alexithymia and dissociation are more frequent in histrionic personality disorder (80%; 60%) and borderline personality disorder (55%; 54%). There is a potential correlation between alexithymia and the presence of dissociative symptoms (r=0.64).ConclusionsThis study found that alexithymia and dissociative symptoms are frequent within personality disorders, particularly in histrionic and borderline personality disorder. We found that the two phenomena were associated. Furthermore we found alexithymia is more influenced by external factors than dissociative symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The moderating role of emotion regulation on the relationship between sensitivity to punishment and aggressive behaviour
Authors: Megías-Robles A. , Gómez-Leal R. , Cabello R. , Gutiérrez-Cobo M.J. , Fernández-Berrocal P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe role of sensitivity to punishment on aggression is controversial, both positive and negative relationships have been observed in previous literature.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to clarify the role of sensitivity to punishment in different types of aggression and provide a better understanding of the influence of emotional regulation on this relationship.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-nine participants took part in the study (130 women; average age = 21.52 years). All of them were assessed for levels of verbal aggression, physical aggression, anger, and hostility (by Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire), levels of sensitivity to punishment (by SPSRQ–20), and emotional regulation ability (by MSCEIT).ResultsA higher reactivity to punishment had a direct negative effect on physical and verbal aggression. However, a higher reactivity to punishment also showed a positive indirect effect on verbal and physical aggression through an increase in anger and hostility. In addition, ability in regulating emotions moderated the indirect effects of sensitivity to punishment on physical aggression.ConclusionsOur results suggest that sensitivity to punishment can act both as a protective factor and as a risk factor for aggression. This relationship depended on the type of aggression studied and the emotional regulation abilities. These findings can help to inform the design of programs aimed at reducing aggressive behaviour. This work was funded by Junta de Andalucía (projects: EMERGIA20_00056 and UMA18-FEDERJA-137) to Alberto Megías Robles.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Peculiarities of mentalization that hamper consultations of patients with BPD
Authors: Sokolova E. , Ryzhov A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe uncertainty of COVID-pandemia, vital danger and disruptions in the habitual social contacts can be paralleled to the experiences of severe emotional stress and violence, usually found in the people with Borderline Personality Disorder. Both can be regarded as hampering the ability to categorize and express thoughts, feelings and experiences. The implementation of distant forms of psychological counseling may accentuate the mentalization deficiency.ObjectivesTo develop a theoretical framework for an empirical typology of impairments of mentalization.MethodsThe model of consciousness proposed by L.S. Vygotsky was used for theoretical generalization of the levels of categorical structures of mentalization observed in previous empirical studies.ResultsThe following structures were identified: (1) the syncretic type of mentalization with low differentiation and complexity of object representations, their negative affective tone, autistic, chaotically mutable motivation and low emotional investment in relationships were described in patients with schizotypal disorders; (2) the “complex” type, with literal, non-generalized, field-dependent and rigid, or unstable, representation of the self, others and relationships as a result of the “fusion” of cognitive representations with the current emotional states. Similar types of mentalization were previously described in people with BPD and self-harming behavior (Sokolova, Laisheva, 2017).ConclusionsThe ’syncretic’ and ’complex’ types of mentalization produce affective-cognitive distortions of the image of a psychotherapist, hamper the understanding of the conditional and metaphorical character of the therapeutic process, render difficult the de-traumatization of the unbearable experiences, and lessen the effectiveness of consultations of people with BPD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
THAT’S SO CRINGE: Exploring the Concept of Cringe or Vicarious Embarrassment and Social Pain
Authors: Jesus S. , Costa A. , Simões G. , Dias Dos Santos G. , Alcafache J. , Garrido P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe word cringe has suffered alterations in its colloquial application, with its most recent version, adopted by generation Z and millennials, as a response to embarrassment or social awkwardness by proxy. This odd emotion is interesting in that it translates a vicarious embarrassment which is elicited whenever one is in the presence of a social blunder, public failures and threats to another’s social integrity.ObjectivesThe authors aim to explore the novel concept of cringe, briefly discussing what is currently known about the emotional response. A potential correlation between empathy and cringe is discussed as well as the hypothesis that certain psychiatric disorders such as personality disorder may demonstrate altered cringe responses.MethodsThe authors propose a non-systematized brief literature review on works most pertinent to the topic.ResultsFormal and structured studies into the concept of cringe are far and few between, however, the literature does demonstrate that, the neural pathways of how social closeness affects our experience of cringe are starting to be explored. The concept of cringe, has also been described as a vicarious social pain. Exploration into the empathy pathways and their abnormalities, may demonstrate the underlying construct of cringe. Lack of this feeling may be present in those with empathy alterations, such as is seen in antisocial personality disorder.ConclusionsCringe is an uncomfortable feeling that surges when in the presence of someone suffering socially. Understanding this oddity may permit further understanding of empathy pathways as well as exploring the neural abnormalities of those who do not feel cringe.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Understanding Generalized Anxiety: Contributions from Phenomenology and Philosophy
Authors: Gouveia P.A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnxiety is an ambiguous term, meaning an emotional state, a clinical symptom, a disorder, or a group of disorders. Anxiety is a normal feeling that arises when a person believes he is in danger from a threat or unidentified danger, ensuing with a state of alertness, arousal, and exploratory attention. Its distinction from neighbouring concepts, such as anguish, fear, worry, anxiety, panic, or uneasiness, is valuable but controversial.ObjectivesReview and synthesize various contributions from phenomenology and philosophy to the understanding of what it is like to experience generalized anxiety.MethodsSelective review of the most prominent literature regarding anxiety psychopathology, namely that of Jaspers, Heidegger, López-Ibor, Sims, Berrios, Femi Oyebode, Pio Abreu, James Aho, Picazo Zappino and Gerrit Glas.ResultsJaspers described free-float anxiety as common and painful, floating and detached, as a feeling of misunderstood genesis, imposing despite the inapparent object, driving an inescapable need to provide some content to it, but also susceptible to insight by those who experience it. It can take a vitalized or primarily psychic form. Anxiety is closely related to the limits of the human being and to (hopelessness). For Heidegger, angst is the expression of authentic existence. López-Ibor considered anxiety and anguish nuances of the same experience, in both of which there is fear of the dissolution of the unity and continuity of the self (anguish). When what exists is not a fear, but only a threat, anxiety arises.ConclusionsPhenomenologically informed psychopathology is relevant for clinicians. Complementing neurosciences, each answers questions that the other cannot.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Personalization of virtual reality for treatment of mental disorders by using a unified morphometric indicator
Authors: Moskvitina U. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe search for approaches to creating a precision personalized virtual reality for the treatment of mental disorders is urgent. (Belkasim, 2005; Park M.J. et all., 2019).ObjectivesTo develop a new approach to personalize the form of virtual reality content to the neurophysiological and anatomical parameters of the patient’s brain, to improve the quality of precision VR therapy for mental disorders.MethodsThe MRI study was carried out on a GE Optima 450w apparatus with a magnetic field induction of 1.5 Tesla. We used a radio frequency coil for the head. T1-weighted images were obtained with a field of view (FOV) of 24.4 x 14.8 cm and a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. Later, the images were built in three standard mutually perpendicular planes. Measurements were carried out using standard tools on an eFilm 4.0 WorkStation. FreeSurfer 4.5.0 was used to calculate the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres. To estimate the surface area of the room and the design of the shape in VR closed environment Autodesk AutoCAD 2018.ResultsA new approach to personalization of the form of virtual reality content has been developed (Patent No. RU (11) 2 668 697 (13) C1, 2018;Patent No. RU (11) 2 753 234 (13) C1, 2020). It is based on the use a single morphometric indicator for a closed VR space and brain.ConclusionsResearch and applied analysis of the developed approach is required. The development of this area will make it possible to create precision products for the therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.