bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food and food‐related waste management strategies in hospital food services: A systematic review
Authors: Cook Nathan , Goodwin Denise , Porter Judi , Collins Jorja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis review explored peer‐reviewed and grey literature to describe the types and characteristics of food or food‐related waste management strategies used in hospital food service settings; their financial, environmental and staffing outcomes; and the barriers and enablers associated with their implementation.MethodsSix electronic databases, 17 Google Advanced searches, and 19 targeted websites were searched for peer‐reviewed and grey literature. Literature reporting the financial, environmental, or staffing outcomes of food or food‐related waste management strategies that reused, recovered energy from, or recycled waste instead of sending it to landfill were eligible. Document screening and review were completed in duplicate, and included peer‐reviewed literature were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesised narratively.ResultsFour peer‐reviewed and 81 grey literature records reported 85 strategies. When grouped from most to least favourable according to the food recovery hierarchy they managed waste by: donating surplus food (n = 21); feeding animals (n = 2); industrial use (n = 11); composting (n = 34) and other (n = 17). These approaches had the capacity to reduce waste hauling fees (n = 14), reduce staff handling of waste (n = 3), and decrease the amount of waste sent to landfill (n = 85). Barriers included contamination of waste streams, while enablers included leadership and time‐neutral changes.ConclusionThis review summarises the waste management strategies used by hospitals worldwide that divert food and food‐related waste from landfill, their outcomes, and position in the food recovery hierarchy to enable hospital food services to implement appropriate practice and policy changes to decrease their environmental footprint.
Rheological properties of dairy desserts: Effect of rice bran protein and fat content
Authors: Mohammadi Atefeh , Shahidi Seyed‐Ahmad , Rafe Ali , Naghizadeh Raeisi Shahram , Ghorbani‐HasanSaraei Azade 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRice bran protein (RBP) is an alternative plant protein that can be used in a wide range of foods due to its unique functional, nutritional, and hypoallergenic properties. The interactions of RBP with other biopolymers have revealed its feasibility for application in dairy products such as whipped cream and dairy desserts. Therefore, the effects of RBP and fat content on the rheological properties of dairy desserts were investigated. The pH value was not influenced by protein, but the nonfat milk solid content was changed by fat and protein content. All the desserts showed thixotropic properties which were mainly related to the molecular disentanglement at high shear rates. By increasing fat like RBP, the apparent viscosity (ηa) was increased. Rheological parameters such as n value, thixotropic index, storage (G′), and loss moduli (G′′) were increased by RBP. Moreover, the dairy desserts containing RBP and whole milk presented generally higher G′, G′′, complex modulus, and complex viscosity values, and lower tan δ values. The RBP enriched samples also had a higher hardness and gumminess. Syneresis was decreased by RBP, which was related to the formation of ordered mesh‐like structures which enabled the entrapment of more water. There was a positive correlation between the rheological, textural, and physical properties of the dessert with added RBP, and therefore dairy dessert attributes can be improved along with fat reduction. However, a sensory evaluation is needed to unravel the acceptability rate of RBP in fat reduction from the view point of consumers.Practical ApplicationRice bran protein (RBP) has nutritional and hypoallergenic properties which enable it to apply to many products such as dairy desserts. One of the main concerns in dairy technology is the growing interest in low‐fat products due to health problems. RBP showed unique properties which makes the creamy behavior. The rheological results have elucidated the creaminess associated with RBP and can assist in the proper simulation of mouthfeel.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from animal by‐products: Development of a pneumatic feeding system for solid fat/protein‐emulsions
Authors: Gutschmann Björn , Högl Thomas H. , Huang Boyang , Maldonado Simões Matilde , Junne Stefan , Neubauer Peter , Grimm Thomas , Riedel Sebastian L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFat‐containing animal by‐product streams are locally available in large quantities. Depending on their quality, they can be inexpensive substrates for biotechnological processes. To accelerate industrial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) bioplastic production, the development of efficient bioprocesses that are based on animal by‐product streams is a promising approach to reduce overall production costs. However, the solid nature of animal by‐product streams requires a tailor‐made process development. In this study, a fat/protein‐emulsion (FPE), which is a by‐product stream from industrial‐scale pharmaceutical heparin production and of which several hundred tons are available annually, was evaluated for PHA production with Ralstonia eutropha. The FPE was used as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen in shake flask and bioreactor cultivations. A tailored pneumatic feeding system was built for laboratory bioreactors to facilitate fed‐batch cultivations with the solid FPE. The process yielded up to 51 g L−1 cell dry weight containing 71 wt% PHA with a space–time yield of 0.6 gPHA L−1 h−1 without using any carbon or nitrogen sources other than FPE. The presented approach highlights the potential of animal by‐product stream valorization into PHA and contributes to a transition towards a circular bioeconomy.
Reflectance spectroscopy allows rapid, accurate and non‐destructive estimates of functional traits from pressed leaves
Authors: Kothari Shan , Beauchamp‐Rioux Rosalie , Laliberté Etienne , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

More than ever, ecologists seek to employ herbarium collections to estimate plant functional traits from the past and across biomes. However, many trait measurements are destructive, which may preclude their use on valuable specimens. Researchers increasingly use reflectance spectroscopy to estimate traits from fresh or ground leaves, and to delimit or identify taxa. Here, we extend this body of work to non‐destructive measurements on pressed, intact leaves, like those in herbarium collections.

Using 618 samples from 68 species, we used partial least‐squares regression to build models linking pressed‐leaf reflectance spectra to a broad suite of traits, including leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), equivalent water thickness, carbon fractions, pigments, and twelve elements. We compared these models to those trained on fresh‐ or ground‐leaf spectra of the same samples.

The traits our pressed‐leaf models could estimate best were LMA (R2 = 0.932; %RMSE = 6.56), C (R2 = 0.855; %RMSE = 9.03), and cellulose (R2 = 0.803; %RMSE = 12.2), followed by water‐related traits, certain nutrients (Ca, Mg, N, and P), other carbon fractions, and pigments (all R2 = 0.514–0.790; %RMSE = 12.8–19.6). Remaining elements were predicted poorly (R2 < 0.5, %RMSE > 20). For most chemical traits, pressed‐leaf models performed better than fresh‐leaf models, but worse than ground‐leaf models. Pressed‐leaf models were worse than fresh‐leaf models for estimating LMA and LDMC, but better than ground‐leaf models for LMA. Finally, in a subset of samples, we used partial least‐squares discriminant analysis to classify specimens among 10 species with near‐perfect accuracy (>97%) from pressed‐ and ground‐leaf spectra, and slightly lower accuracy (>93%) from fresh‐leaf spectra.

These results show that applying spectroscopy to pressed leaves is a promising way to estimate leaf functional traits and identify species without destructive analysis. Pressed‐leaf spectra might combine advantages of fresh and ground leaves: like fresh leaves, they retain some of the spectral expression of leaf structure; but like ground leaves, they circumvent the masking effect of water absorption. Our study has far‐reaching implications for capturing the wide range of functional and taxonomic information in the world’s preserved plant collections.
Implementing GitHub Actions continuous integration to reduce error rates in ecological data collection
Authors: Kim Albert Y. , Herrmann Valentine , Barreto Ross , Calkins Brianna , Gonzalez‐Akre Erika , Johnson Daniel J. , Jordan Jennifer A. , Magee Lukas , McGregor Ian R. , Montero Nicolle , Novak Karl , Rogers Teagan , Shue Jessica , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Accurate field data are essential to understanding ecological systems and forecasting their responses to global change. Yet, data collection errors are common, and data analysis often lags far enough behind its collection that many errors can no longer be corrected, nor can anomalous observations be revisited. Needed is a system in which data quality assurance and control (QA/QC), along with the production of basic data summaries, can be automated immediately following data collection.

Here, we implement and test a system to satisfy these needs. For two annual tree mortality censuses and a dendrometer band survey at two forest research sites, we used GitHub Actions continuous integration (CI) to automate data QA/QC and run routine data wrangling scripts to produce cleaned datasets ready for analysis.

This system automation had numerous benefits, including (1) the production of near real‐time information on data collection status and errors requiring correction, resulting in final datasets free of detectable errors, (2) an apparent learning effect among field technicians, wherein original error rates in field data collection declined significantly following implementation of the system, and (3) an assurance of computational reproducibility—that is, robustness of the system to changes in code, data and software.

By implementing CI, researchers can ensure that datasets are free of any errors for which a test can be coded. The result is dramatically improved data quality, increased skill among field technicians, and reduced need for expert oversight. Furthermore, we view CI implementation as a first step towards a data collection and analysis pipeline that is also more responsive to rapidly changing ecological dynamics, making it better suited to study ecological systems in the current era of rapid environmental change.
Estimating arboreality and the effects of forest structure on tropical tree‐dwelling mesomammals using arboreal camera traps
Authors: Masseloux J. , Le Q. T. , Burr J. , Gerber B. D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTropical forests are the most species‐rich biomes in the world but suffer high rates of logging and conversion. Tropical tree‐dwelling (arboreal and semi‐arboreal) mesomammals reliant on old‐growth forest structures are especially vulnerable. The degree of behavioral arboreality of semi‐arboreal mammals can be related to forest structure and perceived terrestrial threats. Paired arboreal and terrestrial camera traps are a promising new method for estimating the arboreality of cryptic and nocturnal species. Our study aimed to (1) model the effects of forest structure and anthropogenic disturbance on the detection and occurrence of arboreal and semi‐arboreal mesomammals and (2) evaluate differences in occurrence and detection between paired arboreal and terrestrial camera trap sites for semi‐arboreal mammals while estimating the degree of arboreality. We set 20 terrestrial and arboreal camera trap pairs in eastern Cat Tien National Park (Nam Cat Tien), Vietnam, from June 2019 to September 2020. We evaluated the effects of forest structure and proximity to roads on nine arboreal mesomammal species using single‐season occupancy models. We used multi‐scale occupancy modeling to estimate the degree of arboreality for four semi‐arboreal mammals. All models were fit using hierarchical Bayesian modeling and compared using WAIC. We detected most arboreal and terrestrial mesomammal species currently known to inhabit Nam Cat Tien, including rare and cryptic species. Canopy connectivity and other mature forest characteristics were important for explaining the detection and occurrence of highly arboreal species, while the effect of a tree and focal limb characteristics on detection was species‐specific. All semi‐arboreal species had a greater probability of terrestrial station use than arboreal, suggesting a greater vulnerability to terrestrial threats, though the degree of arboreality varied by species. Using one sampling method underestimated occupancy for most semi‐arboreal species. Multi‐method sampling designs with multi‐scale occupancy modeling can improve estimates of species distribution and habitat use for guiding management and conservation decisions.
Cervical pessary and cerclage placement for preterm birth prevention and cervicovaginal microbiome changes
Authors: Vargas Mireia , Yañez Francisca , Elias Andrea , Bernabeu Andrea , Goya Maria , Xie Zixuan , Farrás Alba , Sánchez Olga , Soler Zaida , Blasquez Carlos , Valle Leonor , Olivella Anna , Muñoz Begoña , Brik Maia , Carreras Elena , Manichanh Chaysavanh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to compare the vaginal microbiome in low‐risk and high‐risk pregnant women and to explore a potential association between vaginal microbiome and preterm birth.Material and methodsA pilot, consecutive, longitudinal, multicenter study was conducted in pregnant women at 18–22 weeks of gestation. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: control (normal cervix), pessary (cervical length ≤25 mm) and cerclage (cervical length ≤25 mm or history of preterm birth). Analysis and comparison of vaginal microbiota as a primary outcome was performed at inclusion and at 30 weeks of gestation, along with a follow‐up of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. We assessed the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women presenting a short cervix with that of pregnant women having a normal cervix, and compared the vaginal microbiome of women with a short cervix before and after placement of a cervical pessary or a cervical cerclage.ResultsThe microbiome of our control cohort was dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and inners. Five community state types were identified and microbiome diversity did not change significantly over 10 weeks in controls. On the other hand, a short cervix was associated with a lower microbial load and higher microbial richness, and was not correlated with Lactobacillus relative abundance. After intervention, the cerclage group (n = 19) had a significant increase in microbial richness and a shift towards community state types driven by various bacterial species, including Lactobacillus mulieris, unidentified Bifidobacterium or Enterococcus. These changes were not significantly observed in the pessary (n = 26) and control (n = 35) groups. The cerclage group had more threatened preterm labor episodes and poorer outcomes than the control and pessary groups.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that a short cervix is associated with an altered vaginal microbiome community structure. The use of a cerclage for preterm birth prevention, as compared with a pessary, was associated with a microbial community harboring a relatively low abundance of Lactobacillus, with more threatened preterm labor episodes, and with poorer clinical outcomes.
Relation between perinatal outcome and gestational duration in term primiparous pregnancies stratified by body mass index
Authors: Lindegren Lina , Stuart Andrea , Herbst Andreas , Källén Karin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is growing evidence that induction of labor at 41 completed weeks improves neonatal outcome, at least among primiparous women. This study was performed to investigate whether maternal body mass index (BMI) should be considered when deciding on timing of intervention in term pregnancies.Material and methodsThe study design was a historical cohort study using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, singletons in cephalic presentation with births 39+0 to 41+6 weeks, with available information on maternal BMI 2005–2017 (n = 352 567). Modified Poisson regression analyses were used to investigate the association between gestational duration and stillbirth or death before 45 postmenstrual weeks (primary outcome) and Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes (secondary outcome) by BMI, respectively. Adjustments were made for maternal age, smoking, country of birth and educational level.ResultsThe adjusted relative risk (ARR) of stillbirth or death before 45 weeks among infants born at 41+0 to 41+6 vs 40+0 to 40+6 weeks, was 1.26 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.07–1.48. Among women with BMI ≥30, the offspring mortality risk in pregnancies lasting 39+0 to 39+2 weeks was significantly above the corresponding risk among women of normal BMI who delivered at 41+0 to 41+2 weeks (ARR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.07–3.56) but no statistically significant heterogeneity was found regarding the magnitude of the association between gestational duration and offspring mortality. The ARR, for Apgar <7 at 5 minutes (41+0 to 41+6 vs 40+0 to 40+6 weeks, regardless of BMI), was 1.36 (95% CI 1.27–1.45). The risk for low Apgar score at 41+0 weeks was 1.5% among all children regardless of maternal BMI. Among children to women with BMI ≥30, this magnitude of risk was found already at 39+3 weeks.ConclusionsIn primiparous women with obesity the risk of stillbirth or death before 45 postmenstrual weeks were increased throughout all full‐term gestational age categories, compared with women with overweight or normal BMI. Children to obese women had the same risk for Apgar scores <7 at 5 minutes compared with women overall at earlier gestational age. The results suggest that maternal BMI needs to be considered when discussing timing of elective induction in term healthy pregnancies of primiparous women.
Cutaneous endosalpingiosis arising from C‐section scar: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Shapiro Sarah , Abdulhak Abraham , Lenczowski Joi , Sayeed Sadia , Mochel Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEndosalpingiosis is a pathologic phenomenon in which non‐neoplastic fallopian tube epithelium implants in ectopic locations. It is an uncommon and poorly understood condition, with most cases occurring within the abdominopelvic cavity. Cutaneous presentations of endosalpingiosis are even more rare, with only six cases described in international literature to‐date. This report describes an additional case of cutaneous endosalpingiosis. The lesion arose within the scar tissue of a Pfannenstiel incision from 4 years prior in a 24‐year old, previously healthy African American female. Punch biopsy of the lesion revealed a cystic mass lined by PAX8+ciliated columnar cells and a surrounding fibrotic stroma with focal CD10‐positivity, consistent with a histopathologic diagnosis of endosalpingiosis. In addition, this report provides a comprehensive review of the other documented cases of cutaneous endosalpingiosis, as well as the proposed pathogenesis, histopathologic and clinical features, and potential treatment avenues for this unique clinical entity.
Human disturbances affect the topology of food webs
Authors: Mestre Frederico , Rozenfeld Alejandro , Araújo Miguel B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNetworks describe nodes connected by links, with numbers of links per node, the degree, forming a range of distributions including random and scale‐free. How network topologies emerge in natural systems still puzzles scientists. Based on previous theoretical simulations, we predict that scale‐free food webs are favourably selected by random disturbances while random food webs are selected by targeted disturbances. We assume that lower human pressures are more likely associated with random disturbances, whereas higher pressures are associated with targeted ones. We examine these predictions using 351 empirical food webs, generally confirming our predictions. Should the topology of food webs respond to changes in the magnitude of disturbances in a predictable fashion, consistently across ecosystems and scales of organisation, it would provide a baseline expectation to understand and predict the consequences of human pressures on ecosystem dynamics.
Mutation‐specific metabolic profiles in presymptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xia Kailin , Witzel Simon , Witzel Christina , Klose Veronika , Fan Dongsheng , Ludolph Albert C. , Dorst Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeGrowing evidence shows that ALS patients feature a disturbed energy metabolism. However, these features have rarely been investigated in the presymptomatic stage.MethodsA total of 60 presymptomatic ALS mutation carriers and 70 age‐ and gender‐matched controls (non‐mutation carriers from the same families) were recruited. All subjects underwent assessments of their metabolic profiles under fasting conditions at enrollment, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein.ResultsAll mutations combined, no differences between presymptomatic ALS gene carriers and controls were found. From a cardiovascular point of view, presymptomatic chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene carriers showed lower cardiovascular risk profiles compared to healthy controls, including lower BMI (median 22.9, interquartile range [IQR] 20.6–26.1 kg/m2 vs. 24.9, IQR 22.7–30.5 kg/m2; p = 0.007), lower systolic blood pressure (120, IQR 110–130 mmHg vs. 128, IQR 120–140 mmHg; p = 0.02), lower fasting serum glucose (89.0, IQR 85.0–97.0 mg/dl vs. 96.0, IQR 89.3–102.0 mg/dl; p = 0.005) and higher HDL (1.6, IQR 1.3–1.8 mmol/l vs. 1.2, IQR 1.0–1.4 mmol/l; p = 0.04). However, presymptomatic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mutation carriers showed higher cardiovascular risk profiles compared to healthy controls, including higher BMI (28.0, IQR 26.1–31.5 kg/m2 vs. 24.9, IQR 22.7–30.5 kg/m2; p = 0.02), higher fasting serum glucose (100.0, IQR 94.0–117.0 mg/dl vs. 96.0, IQR 89.3–102.0 mg/dl; p = 0.04) and lower HDL (1.2, IQR 1.0–1.4 mmol/l vs. 1.4, IQR 1.2–1.7 mmol/l; p = 0.01). These features were most prominent in patients carrying SOD1 gene mutations associated with slow disease progression.ConclusionsThis study identified distinct metabolic profiles in presymptomatic ALS gene carriers, which might be associated with disease progression in the symptomatic phase.