bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High night temperature during maize post‐flowering increases night respiration and reduces photosynthesis, growth and kernel number
Authors: Kettler Belén Araceli , Carrera Constanza Soledad , Nalli Sonzogni Federico David , Trachsel Samuel , Andrade Fernando Héctor , Neiff Nicolás 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the last years globally, daily night‐time low temperatures have increased more than twice compared with maximum temperatures. There is little evidence about maize growth and yield responses to high night temperature (HNT) under field conditions. In this study, we aimed to (i) evaluate the effect of HNT during post‐flowering on kernel number (KN), crop growth rate expressed in chronological days and thermal units (CGRDand CGRTU, respectively), radiation use efficiency (RUE), night respiration (Rn), net photosynthesis (Amax), chlorophyll fluorescence and cell membrane stability (CMS), and (ii) identify associations among the measured physiological traits. Two hybrids (Te, temperate; and St, subtropical) were exposed to two thermal conditions from R1 + 2d to R1 + 16d: (i) HNT from 1900 to 0700 h, and (ii) ambient night temperature (ANT). The HNT resulted in reductions in KN (8%), CGRD(11%), and CGRTU(19%), with non‐significant changes in kernel weight and grain yield. Reductions in KN were better explained by drops in CGRTUthan in CGRD. Under HNT, Amax significantly decreased (p < 0.05; 17%, among experiments and hybrids) with insignificant changes in CMS and chlorophyll fluorescence. HNT caused a larger effect on Rn in Te (+40%) than in St. We found a strong negative relationship between Rn and Amax, indicating that high Rn might exhibit an indirect effect on Amax, altering carbon balance and growth.
Cell numbers, cell ratios, and developmental plasticity in the rod pathway of the mouse retina
Authors: Keeley Patrick W. , Patel Shivam S. , Reese Benjamin E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe precise specification of cellular fate is thought to ensure the production of the correct number of neurons within a population. Programmed cell death may be an additional mechanism controlling cell number, believed to refine the proper ratio of pre‐ to post‐synaptic neurons for a given species. Here, we consider the size of three different neuronal populations in the rod pathway of the mouse retina: rod photoreceptors, rod bipolar cells, and AII amacrine cells. Across a collection of 28 different strains of mice, large variation in the numbers of all three cell types is present. The variation in their numbers is not correlated, so that the ratio of rods to rod bipolar cells, as well as rod bipolar cells to AII amacrine cells, varies as well. Establishing connectivity between such variable pre‐ and post‐synaptic populations relies upon plasticity that modulates process outgrowth and morphological differentiation, which we explore experimentally for both rod bipolar and AII amacrine cells in a mouse retina with elevated numbers of each cell type. While both rod bipolar dendritic and axonal arbors, along with AII lobular arbors, modulate their areal size in relation to local homotypic cell densities, the dendritic appendages of the AII amacrine cells do not. Rather, these processes exhibit a different form of plasticity, regulating the branching density of their overlapping arbors. Each form of plasticity should ensure uniformity in retinal coverage in the presence of the independent specification of afferent and target cell number.
Brain oxygen extraction and neural tissue susceptibility are associated with cognitive impairment in older individuals
Authors: Chiang Gloria C. , Cho Junghun , Dyke Jonathan , Zhang Hang , Zhang Qihao , Tokov Michael , Nguyen Thanh , Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Amoashiy Michael , de Leon Mony , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeWe investigated the effects of aging, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive impairment on brain iron levels and cerebral oxygen metabolism, known to be altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), using quantitative susceptibility mapping and MR‐based cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF).MethodsIn 100 individuals over the age of 50 (68/32 cognitively impaired/intact), OEF and neural tissue susceptibility (χn) were computed retrospectively from MRI multi‐echo gradient echo data, obtained on a 3 Tesla MRI scanner. The effects of age and WMH on OEF and χn were assessed within groups, and OEF and χn were assessed between groups, using multivariate regression analyses.ResultsCognitively impaired subjects were found to have 19% higher OEF and 34% higher χn than cognitively intact subjects in the cortical gray matter and several frontal, temporal, and parietal regions (p < .05). Increased WMH burden was significantly associated with decreased OEF in the cognitively impaired, but not in the cognitively intact. Older age had a stronger association with decreased OEF in the cognitively intact group. Both older age and increased WMH burden were significantly associated with increased χn in temporoparietal regions in the cognitively impaired.ConclusionsHigher brain OEF and χn in cognitively impaired older individuals may reflect altered oxygen metabolism and iron in areas with underlying AD pathology. Both age and WMH have associations with OEF and χn but are modified by the presence of cognitive impairment.
Family mealtime emotions and food parenting practices among mothers of young children: Development of the Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents (MEM‐P)
Authors: White Hannah J. , Meyer Caroline , Palfreyman Zoe , Haycraft Emma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFamily mealtimes can be important for supporting children's healthy development, yet the emotional context of mealtimes can vary considerably, likely impacting their overall success and enjoyment. Yet, despite having an important role, little is known about how parents emotionally experience mealtimes with their family. The first aim of the current study was to assess the factor structure of a novel self‐report measure to assess parents’ emotional responses experienced during family mealtimes (Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents; MEM‐P). The second aim was to examine relationships between maternal mealtime emotions and their food parenting practices. Mothers of children aged between 1.5 and 6 years participated in this study. Mothers were invited to complete an online questionnaire measuring family mealtime emotions, anxiety, depression and food parenting practices. Exploratory factor analysis produced a three‐factor solution comprising both positive and negative emotion subscales: MEM‐P Efficacy; MEM‐P Anxiety; MEM‐P Stress and Anger. Mothers' positive mealtime emotions (mealtime efficacy) were related to greater use of practices promoting autonomy, providing a healthy home food environment, and modelling healthy eating. Higher anxiety about mealtimes was related to greater reports of child control over eating, and mealtime stress and anger was associated with greater use of food to regulate emotions. These findings highlight novel relationships between how mothers emotionally experience family mealtimes and the food parenting practices they use with their children. It is important to develop resources to help promote positive maternal experiences of family mealtimes and food‐based interactions.
Situational judgement test performance and subsequent misconduct in medical students
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Sanger Emily , Smith Daniel T. , Troughton Adam , Paton Lewis W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSituational judgement tests (SJTs) have been widely adopted, internationally, into medical selection. It was hoped that such assessments could identify candidates likely to exhibit future professional behaviours. Understanding how performance on such tests may predict the risk of disciplinary action during medical school would provide evidence for the validity of such SJTs within student selection. It would also inform the implementation of such tests within student recruitment.MethodsThis cohort study used data for 6910 medical students from 36 UK medical schools who sat the University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT) SJT in 2013. The relationship between SJT scores at application and the risk of subsequent disciplinary action during their studies was modelled. The incremental ability of the SJT scores to predict the risk of disciplinary action, above that already provided by UCAT cognitive test scores and secondary (high) school achievement, was also evaluated in 5535 of the students with information available on this latter metric.ResultsTwo hundred and ten (3.05%) of the students in the cohort experienced disciplinary action. The risk of disciplinary action reduced with increasing performance on the admissions SJT (odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.92, p = 0.002). This effect remained similar after adjusting for cognitive performance and prior academic attainment (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92, p = 0.004). The overall estimated effect‐size was small (Cohen's d = 0.08) and no evidence of ‘threshold’ effects were observed for the SJT scores and risk of disciplinary action.ConclusionsPerformance on admissions SJTs can, at least modestly, incrementally predict the risk of subsequent disciplinary action, supporting their use in this context. However, for this SJT and outcome, there did not seem a distinct threshold score above which the risk of disciplinary action disproportionately increased. This should be considered when using the scores within medical selection.
‘CT and CT image‐based texture image analysis in radiological diagnostics of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis’
Authors: Bracanovic Djurdja , Janovic Aleksa , Antic Svetlana , Rajkovic Katarina , Bracanovic Milos , Tomic Spiric Vesna , Dragutinovic Natasa , Jadzic Jelena , Barac Aleksandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective study is focused on evaluating radiological properties of AFRS. We analysed specific CT features related to the presence of AFRS, as well as explored the possible usefulness of the texture image analysis (TIA) as an additional diagnostical parameter.MethodsThe CT images of maxillary sinuses of 37 adult patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis were analysed for homogeneity, high‐attenuation areas, density of the soft tissue mass, bony wall thickness and density. TIA included assessment of uniformity, contrast, homogeneity and entropy of sinus content.ResultsIn the F+ group, soft tissue mass was significantly more non‐homogeneous, high‐attenuation areas were more prevalent, while soft tissue densities were higher. The sinus wall showed a tendency towards decreased thickness and significantly higher density in the F+ group. Among TIA parameters only homogeneity was significantly lower in the F+ group.ConclusionsPresence of fungi should be suspected when the sinus is filled with a non‐homogenous soft tissue content of a high CT density not necessarily presented as clearly visible hyperattenuation material. Additional criteria in radiological diagnostics of AFRS should encompass assessment of sinus bony wall density. TIA may serve as a tool for quantitative assessment of subjective CT features such as homogeneity of the soft tissue mass for investigative purposes. However, other TIA parameters showed limited potential.
Minority nations v. constitutional architectures: A critical appraisal of unitary and federal models of the modern state
Authors: Mathieu Félix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAre the constitutional orders framed on a federal architecture more welcoming vis‐à‐vis the presence of minority nations within their midst than are the ones inspired by a unitarian logic? From an ideal‐typical perspective, to what degree unitary and federal models of the modern state are indeed meeting or conflicting with minority nations' most typical claim to be formally recognised and to possess the institutional anchorage to self‐govern and self‐determinate? Mobilising an analytical framework derived from the Societal Culture Index, this article combines constitutional studies with the tools of political theory. It argues that both unitary and federal models of the sovereign state have the potential to promote a normative rationale, that is, after all, fairly hospitable towards minority nations' typical claims. Nevertheless, it stresses that the normative rationale of federal systems in general, and asymmetrical federalism in particular, leads to constitutional architectures that shall be most hospitable towards minority nations.
Long‐term personalized low FODMAP diet in IBS
Authors: De Palma Giada , Bercik Premysl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients often resort to dietary interventions to manage their symptoms, as these are frequently exacerbated by various food items. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is now considered by many a first‐line treatment option for IBS, as it has been found to be superior to alternative dietary interventions. However, concerns have been raised as restricting fermentable carbohydrates might result in nutritional deficits or alter composition and function of the gut microbiome in the long term. The study by Staudacher et al., published in this issue of the journal, is the first prospective study to follow IBS patients after completing all three phases of the low FODMAPs diet (restriction, reintroduction, and personalization), demonstrating that this is safe and effective in long‐term, when patients are supervised by a dietician. This mini‐review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the use of fermentable carbohydrate's restrictions for symptom management in IBS patients, while summarizing the current knowledge on the possible mechanisms of action behind low fermentable carbohydrate diet efficacy.
Social media use and binge eating: An integrative review
Authors: Kim Bo Ra , Mackert Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite binge eating being important to public health, no recent reviews have been conducted to produce a comprehensive synthesis of current literature on the relationship between social media use and binge eating. The aims of this review were: (1) to standardize the measurement of social media use in recent research, (2) to identify eating types that include binge‐eating concepts, and (3) to identify the relationships between social media use and binge eating. This is an integrative review of studies conducted from 2016 to 2021 on binge eating and social media use. Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science; eight studies were included in this integrative review. Included studies found direct or indirect effects of social media use on binge eating. The more participants use social media, the more likely they are to have increased appetite or intention to eat, which can lead to binge eating. The recent binge‐eating studies indicated a significant relationship between social media use and binge eating. Interventions for binge eating should be developed with an understanding of individuals’ social media use.
Defects in meristem maintenance, cell division, and cytokinin signaling are early responses in the boron deficient maize mutant tassel‐less1
Authors: Matthes Michaela S. , Darnell Zoe , Best Norman B. , Guthrie Katy , Robil Janlo M. , Amstutz Jen , Durbak Amanda , McSteen Paula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeristems house the stem cells needed for the developmental plasticity observed in adverse environmental conditions and are crucial for determining plant architecture. Meristem development is particularly sensitive to deficiencies of the micronutrient boron, yet how boron integrates into meristem development pathways is unknown. We addressed this question using the boron‐deficient maize mutant, tassel‐less1 (tls1). Reduced boron uptake in tls1 leads to a progressive impairment of meristem development that manifests in vegetative and reproductive defects. We show, that the tls1 tassel phenotype (male reproductive structure) was partially suppressed by mutations in the CLAVATA1 (CLV1)‐ortholog, thick tassel dwarf1 (td1), but not by other mutants in the well characterized CLV‐WUSCHEL pathway, which controls meristem size. The suppression of tls1 by td1 correlates with altered signaling of the phytohormone cytokinin. In contrast, mutations in the meristem maintenance gene knotted1 (kn1) enhanced both vegetative and reproductive defects in tls1. In addition, reduced transcript levels of kn1 and cell cycle genes are early defects in tls1 tassel meristems. Our results show that specific meristem maintenance and hormone pathways are affected in tls1, and suggest that reduced boron levels induced by tls1 are the underlying cause of the observed defects. We, therefore, provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms affected by boron deficiency in maize, leading to a better understanding of how genetic and environmental factors integrate during shoot meristem development.
Association of serum thyroid hormone levels with positron emission tomography imaging in non‐demented older adults
Authors: Goto Megumi , Kimura Noriyuki , Matsubara Etsuro 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBackgroundAlthough increasing evidence indicates that even variations in normal range thyroid function are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the association between serum thyroid hormone levels within the reference range and AD biomarkers remains unclear. This study examined whether variations in thyroid hormones within the reference range are associated with brain amyloid burden and cortical glucose metabolism in older adults without dementia.MethodsOne hundred and two non‐demented older adults underwent 11C‐Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PiB‐PET), 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET, and measurement of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), and free thyroxine (T4) levels. The discrimination between PiB‐negative and PiB‐positive subgroup was made on the basis of a subject's cortical uptake value ratio greater than 1.4. The association of serum thyroid hormone levels with global PiB or FDG uptake, and PiB or FDG uptake in each region of interest, including frontal and temporoparietal lobes and posterior cingulate gyrus, was analysed using a multiple regression model with adjustment for covariates, including age, gender, years of education, apolipoprotein E4 status or PiB uptake value.ResultsIn the PiB‐positive subgroup, the serum TSH levels positively associated with the global FDG uptake (β = 0.471, P = 0.003) and FDG uptake in the frontal and temporoparietal lobes (β = 0.466, P = 0.003, β = 0.394, P = 0.012, respectively); the serum‐free T3 levels negatively associated with the FDG uptake in the temporoparietal lobe and posterior cingulate region (β = −0.351, P = 0.033, β = −0.544, P = 0.002, respectively). The PiB‐negative subgroup showed no significant associations. The serum thyroid hormone levels did not correlate with the global PiB uptake and PiB uptake in each region.ConclusionsThe variations in the thyroid hormones within the reference ranges are associated with glucose metabolism, particularly in the specific regions affected by the neuropathologic changes of AD, in non‐demented older adults with brain amyloid burden.
Balancing protein and energy in Nile tilapia feeds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Konnert Gauthier D. P. , Gerrits Walter J. J. , Gussekloo Sander W. S. , Schrama Johan W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFarmed fish are increasingly grown in intensive and semi‐intensive systems where most nutrients are provided by formulated feeds. These are formulated to minimise costs and optimise growth, notably the rate of muscle protein synthesis (i.e., fillet). Protein synthesis depends on the availability of amino acids (i.e., protein) and energy. Thus, fish feeds are often formulated to provide a balanced ratio of protein to energy (P:E). Above and below the optimal dietary P:E, absorbed protein and energy are expected to be under‐utilised for body protein synthesis, respectively. Estimates of the optimal dietary P:E vary largely for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758)). Published values range from 13 to 26 g of dietary protein per MJ of energy. Here, we challenge the idea that growth, protein utilisation efficiency and body composition can all be simultaneously optimised, when Nile tilapia are fed an optimal dietary P:E. Through linear and non‐linear regression meta‐analyses, we quantitatively describe the effects of protein and energy intake on nutrient partitioning, feed efficiency and growth. We find linear relationships between the dietary P:E and protein retention efficiency. The lack of an inflection contradicts the existence of an optimal P:E. Our regressions of protein and energy intake versus protein gain, indicate that protein gain is often simultaneously limited by both protein and energy intake, and may be limited by other factors than protein and energy intake, such as a maximal protein deposition capacity (PDmax). We conclude that there is no physiological basis for an optimal P:E in Nile tilapia feeds.
Prevalence and prognosis of chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases with a progressive phenotype
Authors: Takei Reoto , Brown Kevin K. , Yamano Yasuhiko , Kataoka Kensuke , Yokoyama Toshiki , Matsuda Toshiaki , Kimura Tomoki , Suzuki Atsushi , Furukawa Taiki , Fukuoka Junya , Johkoh Takeshi , Goto Yoshihito , Kondoh Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe development of clinically progressive fibrosis complicates a wide array of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence and prognosis.MethodsWe analysed consecutive patients seen for initial evaluation of a fibrosing form of ILD (FILD). Patients were evaluated for evidence of progressive fibrosis over the first 24 months of follow‐up. We defined a progressive phenotype as the presence of at least one of the following: a relative decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) of ≥10%; a relative decline in FVC of ≥5%–<10% with a relative decline in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide of ≥15%, increased fibrosis on HRCT or progressive symptoms.ResultsEight hundred and forty‐four patients (397 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF] and 447 non‐IPF FILD) made up the final analysis cohort. Three hundred and fifty‐five patients (42.1%) met the progressive phenotype criteria (59.4% of IPF patients and 26.6% of non‐IPF FILD patients, p <0.01). In both IPF and non‐IPF FILD, transplantation‐free survival differed between patients with a progressive phenotype and those without (p <0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that a progressive phenotype was an independent predictor of transplantation‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.68–4.23, p <0.01). Transplantation‐free survival did not differ between non‐IPF FILD with a progressive phenotype and IPF (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.85–1.48, p = 0.42).ConclusionOver one‐fourth of non‐IPF FILD patients develop a progressive phenotype compared to approximately 60% of IPF patients. The survival of non‐IPF FILD patients with a progressive phenotype is similar to IPF.