bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early mortality among aboriginal and non‐aboriginal women who had a preterm birth in Western Australia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bailey Helen D. , Gray Caitlin , Adane Akilew A. , Strobel Natalie A. , White Scott W. , Marriott Rhonda , Tessema Gizachew A. , Shepherd Carrington C. J. , Sharp Mary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHaving a preterm (<37 weeks' gestation) birth may increase a woman's risk of early mortality. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) women have higher preterm birth and mortality rates compared with other Australian women.ObjectivesWe investigated whether a history of having a preterm birth was associated with early mortality in women and whether these associations differed by Aboriginal status.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used population‐based perinatal records of women who had a singleton birth between 1980 and 2015 in Western Australia linked to Death Registry data until June 2018. The primary and secondary outcomes were all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality respectively. After stratification by Aboriginal status, rate differences were calculated, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.ResultsThere were 20,244 Aboriginal mothers (1349 deaths) and 457,357 non‐Aboriginal mothers (7646 deaths) with 8.6 million person‐years of follow‐up. The all‐cause mortality rates for Aboriginal mothers who had preterm births and term births were 529.5 and 344.0 (rate difference 185.5, 95% CI 135.5, 238.5) per 100,000 person‐years respectively. Among non‐Aboriginal mothers, the corresponding figures were 125.5 and 88.6 (rate difference 37.0, 95% CI 29.4, 44.9) per 100,000 person‐years. The HR for all‐cause mortality for Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal mothers associated with preterm birth were 1.48 (95% CI 1.32, 1.66) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.26, 1.44), respectively, compared with term birth. Compared with mothers who had term births, mothers of preterm births had higher relative risks of mortality from diabetes, cardiovascular, digestive and external causes.ConclusionsBoth Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal women who had a preterm birth had a moderately increased risk of mortality up to 38 years after the birth, reinforcing the importance of primary prevention and ongoing screening.
The impact of emotional facial expressions on reflexive attention depends on the aim of dynamic gaze changes: An ERP study
Authors: Bagherzadeh‐Azbari Shadi , Lion Charlotte J. , Stephani Tilman , Dimigen Olaf , Sommer Werner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emotional expression and gaze direction of a face are important cues for human social interactions. However, the interplay of these factors and their neural correlates are only partially understood. In the current study, we investigated ERP correlates of gaze and emotion processing following the initial presentation of faces with different emotional expressions (happy, neutral, angry) and an averted or direct gaze direction as well as following a subsequent change in gaze direction that occurred in half of the trials. We focused on the time course and scalp topography of the N170 and EPN components. The N170 amplitude was larger to averted than direct gaze for the initial face presentation and larger to gaze changes from direct to averted than from averted to direct in response to the gaze change. For the EPN component in response to the initial face presentation, we replicate classic effects of emotion, which did not interact with gaze direction. As a major new finding, changes from direct to averted gaze elicited an EPN‐like effect when the face showed a happy expression. No such effect was seen for angry expressions. We conclude that happy faces reflexively attract attention when they look at the observer rather than away from the observer. These results for happy expressions are in line with the shared signal hypothesis that posits a better processing of expressions if their approach or avoidance tendency is consistent with gaze direction. However, the shared signal hypothesis is not supported by the present results for angry faces.
Collective parent action: A review of motivations, experiences, and social transformations
Authors: Cossyleon Jennifer E. , Geller Joanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParents—caregivers of children and other kin—often become involved in collective action because they see a need for change, and because it is part of their practice of caring and thriving. This review traces the mobilization of mothers and caregivers working on progressive community organizing campaigns, what we callcollective parent action. We center the experiences of socially marginalized groups and focus on three main areas of inquiry: (1) why caregivers, largely mothers of color, become involved in collective action; (2) what constraints and supports their involvement; and (3) how their involvement shapes them and their families. We end with three main directions for future research and a call for studies to continue to explore the interconnections of gender, family, and collective action.
Comparison of European recommendations about patient blood management in postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: Leal Rosa , Lança Filipa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Some documents with practical recommendations for the management of PPH do not include the most updated directives. This review offers a quality comparison of the recommendations stated in Europe since 2015. A literature search was conducted to identify the documents published in Europe from 2015 to 2020 containing recommendations about management of PPH. The search returned 10 publications. A narrative synthesis and a summary of the information about PPH definition and its management were performed. Differences in the definition of PPH were identified: some documents considered the delivery procedure, and many publications included severity criteria. The therapeutic goal for red blood cells transfusion ranged from 6 to 9 g/dl. There were divergences in the need for considering haemostatic results before fresh frozen plasma transfusion. The therapeutic goal of platelet transfusion ranged from 50 x 109 to 100 x 109 μ/L. There was a wide consensus about the therapeutic goal of fibrinogen replacement (>2 g/L), but not about its use in an unmonitored or pre‐emptive manner. Most publications included therapeutic approaches such as tranexamic acid and recombinant factor VII activated, but not prothrombin complex concentrate or coagulation factor XIII. The recommendations about PPH management offered in European documents are heterogeneous and have changed over time. The standardisation of all them could be useful to make progress in PPH clinical management and research which, in turn, could strongly impact in patient outcomes.
How do we assess batch‐to‐batch consistency between extracellular vesicle products?
Authors: Korchak Jennifer A. , Wiest Elani F. , Zubair Abba C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained interest in the field of regenerative and transfusion medicine. Specifically, current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)‐grade EVs produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an intriguing option for cell‐free therapeutics. With the development of cGMP‐grade EV products, a simple and reliable method for batch‐to‐batch consistency is needed.Study Design and MethodsThe objective of this study was to validate a method to semiquantitatively assess the batch‐to‐batch consistency of isolated EVs. A multiplex bead‐based flow cytometric assay containing 37 surface markers and 2 assay control antibody‐coated capture beads was validated. Detection limits (n = 10 buffer samples), repeatability (n = 9 EV samples), and intra‐observer reproducibility over 2 days (n = 10 EV batches) were assessed. A Spearman correlation matrix was used to evaluate the batch‐to‐batch consistency of independently isolated EV products (n = 37 surface markers). Batches with a Spearman correlation coefficient ≥0.9 and p < 0.05 were considered statistically indistinguishable from previous batches.ResultsThis assay demonstrated robust repeatability as well as intra‐ and inter‐assay reproducibility. In‐house batches of EVs were significantly correlated (r ≥ 0.90; p ≤ 1×10−14). Compared with buffer, EV batches had correlation coefficients near zero (r ≤ −0.10; p ≥ 0.12). Commercially sourced EVs significantly correlated with in‐house EV batches, but fell below the 90% correlation cutoff (r ≤ 0.71; p ≤ 0.0004).DiscussionThis time‐efficient and technically simple assay offers a robust method of quality control for assessing the batch‐to‐batch reproducibility of cGMP‐grade EV products.
Analysis of the Load Bearing Capacity of Cracked Additively Manufactured Polymers Using Failure Assessment Diagrams
Authors: Cicero Sergio , Martínez-Mata Víctor , Arrieta Sergio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Failure Assessment Diagrams (FADs) are, in practice, the main engineering tool for the analysis of structural components containing cracks. They are utilised in well-known structural integrity assessment procedures, such as BS7910 and API 579 1/ASME FFS 1, and their reliability has been proven by numerous laboratory tests and industrial applications. However, they have been defined and validated in metallic materials, so their application in other types of materials requires demonstrating that the different assumptions taken when analysing metals are also valid for the particular material (non-metallic) being analysed.
At the same time, additive manufacturing (AM) is a growing technology that allows complex geometries to be fabricated through a quite simple process. Among the different AM techniques, fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most widely used, and consists in the extrusion of heated feedstock plastic filaments through a nozzle tip. The resulting printed materials have quite specific characteristics and properties, which are highly dependent on the printing parameters (e.g., raster orientation, printing temperature, etc.) and on the resulting state of internal defects.
This paper provides FAD analyses for two additively manufactured (FDM) polymers: ABS and PLA. The results show that the FAD methodology may be applied for these two particular polymers, as long as linear-elastic fracture toughness values are used.
Criteria for Specifying Static Equipment Construction Code for Process Plant
Authors: Chikhaliya Kamlesh , Gawlick Ruediger 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Capital costs of static equipment including pressure vessels, heat exchangers and process columns contribute approx. 20 to 40% of cost of total plant. Static equipment is being designed and manufactured based on international codes, standards and statutory legal requirements. Selection of appropriate equipment construction code fulfilling ambient conditions, equipment design temperatures and country specific regulations has significant implications on cost effectiveness and required safety of process plant. This paper presents basic criteria for selection of ASME Sec. VIII or EN-13445 for equipment design and construction based on design temperature, ambient conditions and country specific legal requirements like PED 2014/68/EU and TRCU 032/2013. Effect of change of elevated temperature and material on weight of equipment is also demonstrated by example. Material selection based on corrosion aspects is not included in this paper.
CFD Study of Cooking Liquor Blow for Piping Thrust Force and Risk of Condensation Hydraulic Shock
Authors: Carlson Andrew , Narayanan Chidambaram , Lakehal Djamel , Hermonen Timo , Jokinen Noora , Ikävalko Juho 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study is an interesting industrial case study for the application of a validated flashing and hydraulic shock modelling approach to the safety and design of a reactor blow line. The maximum flow rate is important for sizing of downstream components. The high pressure of the blow and flashing of the liquid can result in significant forces on pipe bends and other geometrical features. Analysis and prediction of such forces are of importance for the structural design and anchoring of the piping. Another concern for a liquid blow under high pressure is the potential for condensation-induced hydraulic shock. The collapse of the flashed vapor to the liquid phase creating shock waves of large amplitudes is a serious safety concern.
The CFD model used the homogeneous mixture model with a flashing model for phase change of the fluid. The properties of the fluid were defined by a custom function which interpolated between tabulated values of the thermodynamic and transport properties. The CFD simulations confirmed the risk of condensation hydraulic shock when the blow down is initiated with empty pipes and also demonstrated that a hydraulic shock could be prevented with liquid-filled condition. The pipework geometry was also optimized to reduce the forces acting at the junctions. The vapour quality at the outlet as a result of flashing was estimated which is necessary for the design of downstream systems.
Practical Methodology of Multiaxial Dynamic Strain Measurement and Stress Calculation for Fatigue Evaluation of Small Bore Connection Due to Vibration
Authors: Takahama Tsunemichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study presents that the methodology of fatigue evaluation of small bore connection (SBC), which includes strain measurement, stress calculation, and life estimation. This methodology was used in actual fields and has been confirmed to be so practical that it satisfies the following conditions.
A. Multiaxial dynamic strains required for the calculation of the combined stresses can be measured.
B. The fatigue life prediction can be calculated from the measurement data. Specifically, the most critical accumulated fatigue damage value and direction are calculated by repeatedly extracting a stress-time history and counting cycles.
C. Either in bending or torsional stress dominant vibration, or in different size piping vibration, the same spread sheet can be used to calculate the dynamic stress and evaluate the fatigue.
D. What is necessary to prepare in advance is a suitable fatigue curve, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio only. The evaluation can be done by simply pasting the measured strain data obtained in the field into a spreadsheet. There is no need for any other preparation such as model calculation or parameter correlation.
E. The calculation can be done in a short time (less than 6 hours) with relatively inexpensive hardware and software (about $3,000 together).
Predicting the Projectile Velocity of a Two-Stage Gas Gun Using Machine Learning
Authors: Shojaei Pouya , Trabia Mohamed , O’Toole Brendan , Jennings Richard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two-stage light gas guns are used to accelerate projectiles to velocities of multiple kilometers per second. These guns are used in many applications including experiments to understand the response of structural components within spacecraft and satellites to impacts of orbital debris. Obtaining a precise projectile velocity can be challenging due to the many uncertainties associated with these guns. Therefore, most gas guns depend on the expertise of operators to estimate the mass of projectile, mass of main charge, the propellent gas type, the piston mass, and the pump tube (PT) pressure that would yield a specific projectile velocity. These uncertainties lead to the current need for multiple and costly gas gun experiments to achieve a certain projectile velocity.
This study aims to account for the uncertainties associated with two-stage gas guns using machine learning (ML) techniques. A dataset of 211 tests conducted at the UNLV two-stage gas gun with 0.22-inch caliber was used. Feature selection was performed and the most critical features were identified to train the ML models. The projectile velocities from each observation (experiment) were used as the dependent variable to produce training observations. Different regression techniques were evaluated. The predicted projectile velocities were then tested using the unused experimental dataset to verify the effectiveness of the models and to select the most accurate one. Among the tested models, the Random Forest model showed the best performance with R-Squared value above 94 %. The results showed that combining the experimental studies and Machine Learning can predict projectile velocities, saving time and cost of experimentation.
Evaluation of the Hydrogen Barrier Properties of Chromium Oxide Films Deposited on SUS304 Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Kawami Kazuyoshi , Kinoshita Atsushi , Yamanaka Hisashi , Fukuda Yoji , Enoki Hirotoshi , Iijima Takashi , Fukuyama Seiji , Tsukane Ryo , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Fukutani Takeshi , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Tamai Hiroyasu , Ogi Takashi , Tamura Motonori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels including type SUS304 of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), which is similar to ASME Type 304 SS, are candidate materials for the various facilities of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, such as a hydrogen station containers and piping. To prevent the hydrogen penetration into SUS304, we developed the passivation films mainly composed of chromium oxide and investigated the hydrogen barrier properties using the gas permeability test and the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test. The passivation films with a maximum thickness of 300 nm was formed on the surface of hot-rolled SUS304 (Ni equivalent 22.4) by a series of wet processing steps such as electro-polishing, chemical oxidation, cathode precipitation of chromium and passivation immersion. Cross-sectional views of TEM observation suggested that the film was amorphous like structure including many independent voids with a size of 10 to 20 nm. The hydrogen gas permeability test was performed in a hydrogen gas pressure of 400 kPa at 573 K, 673 K, and 773 K. The estimated hydrogen transmittance of SUS304 substrate with passivation coating was 2.8 × 10−13 mol / (m · s · Pa) at 773 K, while that without passivation coating was 2.2 × 10−11 mol / (m · s · Pa) at 773 K. SSRT test was performed in 110 MPa hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere at room temperature, and strain rate was 4.17 × 10−5 s−1. The fracture surface of the specimen without passivation coating showed brittle like and relative reduction rate (RRA) was 0.61. On the other hand, the fracture surface of the specimen with passivation coating showed typical ductile like dimple structure and RRA was 0.88. As the passivation films did not peel, adhesion between passivation film and SUS304 surface seems to be well. From these considerations, we anticipate the developed passivation film can inhibit hydrogen embrittlement of SUS304.
Evaluation of Stainless Steels Welds Produced by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding With High Silicon Containing Solid Welding Filler Rod to Omit Back Shielding
Authors: Takahashi Atsushi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Where single-sided welding is applied to fabrication and erection of piping made of low alloy steels, stainless steels (SS) and nonferrous alloys, back shielding by inert gas and its maintenance for the first few layers is required to obtain good weldability and to prevent oxidation of welds.
In order to save consumption of inert gas, isolations to make a chamber for inert gas purging are placed inside piping for the joint and the adjacent areas to be welded, instead of inert gas purging for the whole piping length. However, placing the isolations before welding and removal of them after welding are sometimes impractical due to piping layout and construction sequence such as closure joints. To solve this issue, practices for omission of back shielding, such as use of flux cored welding filler rods for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or high silicon welding wires for gas metal arc welding in modified wave short circuit mode (GMAW-S), had been developed and achieved the objective. These practices, however, require special training and qualifications for welders, close dimensional tolerance for fit-up, and special welding power source equipped with electrical waveform control. Also, welding quality such as remaining slag or spatters on piping internal is sometimes an issue.
To make up for these shortcomings, high silicon solid welding filler rod was introduced to stainless steel welding by GTAW to eliminate back shielding, and mock-up tests were conducted. The properties of the welds were studied by comparison to the welds produced by the other welding processes such as GTAW with back shielding, GTAW with flux cored filler rod without back shielding, and GMAW-S using high silicon solid wire without back shielding. This paper discusses and evaluates the potential of the GTAW with high silicon solid filler rod which can eliminate the inert gas back shielding.
Evaluation of Flashing Jet Impact on Surroundings Due to Leakage of High Pressure Pipes
Authors: Yuasa Tomohisa , Watanabe Shun , Morita Ryo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
If the water piping system under high temperature and pressure is damaged and water is ejected into the atmosphere, a jet with depressurization boiling (Flashing) may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the range of the jet impact on surrounding equipment and people. The range of the jet impact is evaluated by the existing code adopted in Japan (JSME S ND1) which referred to the standards adopted in America (ANSI/ANS-58.2-1988). The problem with this standard is that the experimental validity of the range of the jet impact has not been confirmed in Japan. In this study, we investigated experimentally to confirm the validity of the expanding angle and the affected area of the flashing jet of saturated water under low-pressure conditions, and further investigated the high-pressure conditions, which are difficult in the experiment, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
Fatigue Crack Growth Assessment of Pipeline Steels and Girth Welds
Authors: Park Dong-Yeob , Liang Jie , Gravel Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fatigue test specimens were prepared and tested with an API 5L X70 spiral welded pipe steel and girth weld. For a few selected specimens, two unloading compliance techniques (elastic compliance and back-face strain compliance) were applied simultaneously to a single specimen for direct comparisons of in-situ crack size estimation. This paper also includes fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) data of other pipe steels and welds available in the literature. It was observed that most FCGR curves of pipeline steels (X65∼X100) remained within the BS 7910 mean and upper bound design curves in the Paris region. On the contrary, the fatigue crack growth rate of the X42 pipeline steel from a reference was high — a very steep slope of the FCGR curve, crossing over the BS 7910 design criteria. It was noted that the FCGR of austenitic stainless pipe steel and girth weld obtained from Arora et al. (2014) showed a very excellent fatigue property.
Unique Failures in Explosion Bond Cryogenic Transition Joints
Authors: Colwell Richard L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In cryogenic process plants that use aluminum alloy brazed core exchangers, a transition to austenitic stainless steel piping is often required. Presently, multi-layered explosion bonded piping joints provide that joint. These joints employ multiple layers of different alloys (e.g. 304L SS, Ni 200, Ti, Al, and Al-Mg), to provide the required leak-tight joint.
Analysis of a few recent failures of these joints have shown interesting properties on a micro scale within the nickel layer, adjacent to the titanium-nickel interface. This paper will discuss the morphology of cracks, and discuss potential causes.