bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodology to engineering continuous monitoring of intrinsic capacity for elderly people
Authors: Bellandi Valerio , Ceravolo Paolo , Damiani Ernesto , Maghool Samira , Cesari Matteo , Basdekis Ioannis , Iliadou Eleftheria , Marzan Mircea Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContinuous monitoring of the well-being state of elderly people is about to become an urgent need in the early future due to population aging. Aiming a unified notion of well-being, we find the Intrinsic Capacity concept in accordance with the SMART BEAR project goals. In this study, we mainly focus on the enabling infrastructure, mapping our models to interoperable repositories and to streaming/computing components that can foster monitoring. Our method is also innovative for explicitly combining personalized and risk levels in generating the Intrinsic Capacity score. Leveraging on synthetic data, we represent the outcome trajectories of some sample patients for 1-year continuous monitoring and discuss approaches to characterize them based on the exhibited tendency and evaluate the results from the predictability point of view providing by the entropy of time series concept. At the end, we discuss the possible data quality issues in health care studies using synthetic data.
Evaluation of the “Three Steps in Screening for Dyslexia” Assessment Protocol Designed for New Zealand Teachers
Authors: Sleeman Mike , Everatt John , Arrow Alison , Denston Amanda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraditionally, the New Zealand Ministry of Education opposed the recognition of dyslexia. However, since 2007, the Ministry of Education’s position has started to change, evidenced by the development of a working definition. In 2021 the Ministry of Education released Three Steps in Screening for Dyslexia (TSSD), an assessment protocol designed to support teachers to screen for dyslexia. The current research evaluated the TSSD with a sample of 209 children in Years 4 to 6 (8–10 years-of-age) from New Zealand. The research investigated whether children could be accurately classified using tests from the TSSD, whether the three-step protocol described in the TSSD was a valid assessment approach, and what effect operationalising the term average at different cut-off points had on dyslexia screening. Children were classified using two cluster analyses. The first analysis was based on tests from the Woodcock Johnson IV and the second analysis was based on tests from the TSSD. Subsequent analyses investigated specific aspects of the TSSD protocol, including its sequential design and the placement of cut-off points. Results revealed a number of limitations to the TSSD approach. The authors discuss three changes that could be made to improve the validity and reliability of the TSSD, including a broader assessment of the decoding and language comprehension constructs; directing teachers to assess both decoding and language comprehension, irrespective of a child’s language comprehension ability; and placing a greater emphasis on discrepancy bands over cut-off points.
Teaching phronesis to aspiring police officers: some preliminary philosophical, developmental and pedagogical reflections
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to Aristotle, the crucial meta-virtue of phronesis (practical wisdom) is cultivated through teaching and experience. But he remains mostly silent on the details of this developmental picture and its educational ramifications. This article focuses on the ‘taught’ element of phronesis development in the context of police ethics education. I begin by piecing together the developmental trajectory that Aristotle suggests towards full virtue, up to and including phronesis development. I also briefly list ten potential weaknesses of this picture. I then present a reconstructed Aristotelian model of phronesis and explain how the teaching element of phronesis education could be executed, with an illustration from an ongoing phronesis intervention for UK police-science students. However, I go on to dampen the enthusiasm about this ‘taught’ component, by explaining how relatively small the ‘zone of proximal development’ is that can be targeted by scaffolded teaching. Finally, I elicit some implications of the conclusion that most of phronesis development will need to be ‘caught’ from gradually unfolding personal and professional experiences.
COVID, crisis, and unordinary order: A critical analysis of Australia’s JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme as an exceptional measure
Authors: Goding Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarl Schmitt’s famous articulation of the relation between sovereignty and the exception emphasises not simply the basis for a suspension of the law in a state of emergency, but the role of the sovereign in deciding upon the existence of the ‘normal situation’, the ‘everyday frame of life’ which the law requires to function. Our pandemic times have included extreme biopolitical measures deployed to manage the health crisis, but also unprecedented political responses to regularise or stabilise the economic order. One example is Australia’s historic JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme. As law, it was given life by an executive power predicated on nationhood and enlivened by crisis. As policy, it was intended to help businesses retain workers through targeted, proportionate support. In reality, it also provided significant protections and even windfalls to corporations and their investors, leading to critiques of the scheme as corporate welfare. However, rather than highlighting deficiencies of the JobKeeper programme, these outcomes underscore its ultimate function. This article analyses the relationship between norm, exception, and order in the context of Australia’s flagship economic-policy response to the pandemic. First, by analysing the mutually constitutive relationship between norm and exception, employing the theories of Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben. Second, by critically examining the legislative basis for JobKeeper, its political narrative and practical outcomes. Third, by demonstrating that the scheme, though an extraordinary departure from policy, can be understood as fundamentally a different and exceptional method to secure and reproduce our neoliberal corporate order in a state of exception.
Seeking optimization of LT4 treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Stramazzo Ilaria , Capriello Silvia , Antonelli Alessandro , Fallahi Poupak , Centanni Marco , Virili Camilla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLevothyroxine sodium (LT4) is the mainstay treatment to replace thyroid hormonal production in thyroidectomized patients, but, depending on the aggressiveness of the cancer and on the risk of recurrence, patients with differentiated thyroid cancer may also be treated in a TSH-suppressive or semi-suppressive mode. The pathophysiological rationale for this LT4 treatment stems from the role of TSH, considered to be a growth factor for follicular cells, potentially inducing initiation or progression of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Therefore, accurate tailoring of treatment, taking into account both patient characteristics (age and comorbidities) and risk of persistent/recurrent disease, is highly recommended. Furthermore, adjustments to traditional LT4 treatment should be made in thyroidectomized patients due to the lack of thyroidal contribution to whole body triiodothyronine (T3) concentration. Since LT4 exhibits a narrow therapeutic index and the side effects of over- and under-treatment could be deleterious, particularly in this category of patients, caution is required in dose individualization, in the mode of ingestion, and in potential pharmacological and other types of interference as well. Our aim was to analyze the current knowledge concerning LT4 dose requirements in patients with thyroid cancer according to different therapeutic approaches, taking into account a number of factors causing interference with LT4 efficacy. Specific mention is also made about the use of the novel LT4 formulations.
Numerical Experiments on Extreme Waves Through Oblique–Soliton Interactions
Authors: Choi J. , Bokhove O. , Kalogirou A. , Kelmanson M. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtreme water-wave motion is investigated analytically and numerically by considering two-soliton and three-soliton interactions on a horizontal plane. We successfully determine numerically that soliton solutions of the unidirectional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (KPE), with equal far-field individual amplitudes, survive reasonably well in the bidirectional and higher-order Benney–Luke equations (BLE). A well-known exact two-soliton solution of the KPE on the infinite horizontal plane is used to seed the BLE at an initial time, and we confirm that the KPE-fourfold amplification approximately persists. More interestingly, a known three-soliton solution of the KPE is analysed further to assess its eight- or ninefold amplification, the latter of which exists in only a special and difficult-to-attain limit. This solution leads to an extreme splash at one point in space and time. Subsequently, we seed the BLE with this three-soliton solution at a suitable initial time to establish the maximum amplification: it is approximately 7.8 for a KPE amplification of 8.4. Herein, the computational domain and solutions are truncated approximately to a fully periodic or half-periodic channel geometry of sufficient size, essentially leading to cnoidal-wave solutions. Moreover, special geometric (finite-element) variational integrators in space and time have been used in order to eradicate artificial numerical damping of, in particular, wave amplitude.
Legal Challenges to Cryptocurrency and its Guardian-Less Victims in India: A Critical Victimological Analysis
Authors: Halder Debarati , Saiyed Akil Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown pushed several groups of traders to rely on cryptocurrency as one of the chosen tools for commercial transactions. India is no exception. Because of its notorious misuses by criminal gangs, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) declared cryptocurrency as derecognized. Consequently, the Indian parliament also created a draft bill titled Banning of Cryptocurrency & Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, 2019 (the Bill), which not only derecognizes the currency or the use of it for any commercial purposes, it also makes the investors, exchanges and agencies dealing with cryptocurrency criminally liable. Later, the Supreme Court of India in 2020 set aside the above-mentioned RBI guidelines banning cryptocurrency. But this has not nullified or suggested any amendment for the Bill. This article argues that due to this legal confusion, cryptocurrency investors, traders, exchanges and agencies, etc. have become guardian-less victims who may not be eligible to claim basic rights of victims as has been established by the United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. In such a legal tangle, it is necessary to analyse the issues from cyber-victimological perspectives for providing functional suggestions for restitution of justice.
The Burden of a Violent Past: Formative Experiences of Repression and Support for Secession in Catalonia
Authors: Rodon Toni , Tormos Raül 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis letter studies the impact of past violence and repression on current territorial preferences in a contemporary democracy. Does a violent past lay the grounds for pro-secessionist preferences, or does it lead individuals to cling on to the territorial status quo? We study whether exposure to the events of the Spanish Civil War and its immediate aftermath made people more or less likely to support Catalan secession from Spain. Our analysis employs a dataset that combines a large N of individual-level survey data with historical data about repression and violence in each Catalan municipality. Findings indicate that current preferences for secession tend to diminish among the oldest Catalan generation that was exposed to higher levels of violence in their municipality. Most crucially, we show that exposure to violence created a sense of apathy towards politics among the oldest cohort, which eventually leads to a lower predisposition to support secession, a feeling that was not transmitted to subsequent generations. Our findings qualify some of the existing knowledge on the effects of past political violence on present political attitudes.
Explaining the (local) ethnic census: subnational variation in ethnic politics in Kenyan elections
Authors: Harris Kirk A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhy do elections in some ethnically diverse constituencies resemble an ethnic census, while in others ethnicity plays a less prominent role? Prior literature on ethnic bloc voting in Africa suggests that political parties acquire ethnic ‘labels’ that tacitly signal which groups belong to the party. In ethnic census-style elections, voters and politicians then use ethnicity as a heuristic for deciding which party to support. However, ethnic censuses are not the only possible outcome in diverse constituencies. Links between ethnic identities and political parties can create a disconnect between locally and nationally relevant identities that affects the dynamics of local elections. Drawing on data from over 160 semi-structured, qualitative interviews and detailed election results in four ethnically diverse Kenyan parliamentary constituencies, I show how local constructions of ethnic difference mediate the effects of national political dynamics and shape patterns of political competition in parliamentary elections, affecting the behaviour of politicians and voters.
Sequencing of symptom emergence in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and purging disorder in adolescent girls and relations of prodromal symptoms to future onset of these eating disorders
Authors: Yamamiya Yuko , Desjardins Christopher David , Stice Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo advance knowledge regarding the etiology of eating disorders, we characterized the sequencing of eating disorder symptom emergence for adolescent girls who subsequently developed anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD) for community-recruited adolescents and tested whether prodromal symptoms increased risk for future onset of each eating disorder.MethodsData collected from adolescent girls (N = 496; M age = 13.02, s.d.= 0.73) who completed a diagnostic interview annually over an 8-year period were used to address these aims.ResultsFor all four eating disorders, compensatory weight-control behaviors were the first behavioral symptom to emerge and weight/shape overvaluation was the first cognitive symptom to emerge. Moreover, lower-than-expected BMI predicted future AN onset, binge eating and all cognitive symptoms predicted future BN onset, weight/shape overvaluation predicted future BED onset, and compensatory behavior and all cognitive symptoms predicted future PD onset. These predictive effects were small-to-large in magnitude. Collectively, prodromal symptoms predicted an eating disorder onset with 83–87% accuracy.ConclusionsResults suggest that compensatory weight-control behaviors and weight/shape overvaluation typically emerge before other prodromal symptoms in all eating disorders during adolescence. Moreover, different prodromal symptoms seem to predict future onset of different eating disorders. Screening adolescent girls for these prodromal symptoms and implementing indicated prevention programs designed to reduce these symptoms may prove effective in preventing future onset of eating disorders.
Propositional faith and trustworthiness
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractI argue that propositional faith presupposes trustworthiness, in this sense: faith that p is fitting only if the one in whom you have faith to bring it about that p is trustworthy to bring it about that p. In defence of this, I argue that propositional faith is a species of interpersonal faith and that interpersonal faith presupposes trustworthiness. I also discuss some of the consequences of my thesis for theistic propositional faith.
Design and locomotion analysis of modular soft robot
Authors: Liu Zhaoyu , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Jiangbei , Fei Yanqiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the paper, a novel modular soft robot that can crawl and turn is presented. The modular soft robot is composed of multiple drive modules connected in series, including one head module, one tail module and three body modules. Each module is actuated by the air chamber. Due to the nonlinear performance of the air chamber, the strain energy function of the air chamber is established. The relationship between the displacement of the air chamber expansion wall and the inflation pressure is obtained, and the manufacturing parameters of the air chamber are determined. By dividing the body of the robot into a series of continuous flexible models, the driving force and the friction force of the robot in locomotion are analyzed. An inflation and deflation control method is presented to complete the locomotion. According to the experiment, the crawling speed of the robot can reach 15.53 mm/s (0.03 body length per second). The turning speed of the robot can reach 1.273 °/s. The robot can crawl and turn on the rough blanket surface effectively. The robot can explore and move in a complex and changeable environment.
An Improved Earthquake Catalog During the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption From Combined Onshore and Offshore Seismic Arrays
Authors: Wei XiaoZhuo , Shen Yang , Caplan‐Auerbach Jacqueline , Morgan Julia K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Island of Hawai’i was formed by repeated eruptions of basalts at an oceanic hotspot. Kı̄lauea, the youngest among the subaerial volcanoes of the island, erupted intensely in 2018. The eruption provided an opportunity to look into the mechanisms that operate at the volcano and associated earthquake activities, as it was recorded simultaneously, for the first time, by onshore and offshore seismometers. We used most of the publicly available seismic data during the eruption period, including temporary arrays, to build a more complete earthquake catalog during the eruption than that provided by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. We used a short‐time‐average/long‐time‐average method to identify potential earthquakes. The detections were associated with events and automatically picked with P‐wave and S‐wave arrivals, which were used to locate the events in a three‐dimensional velocity model. After re‐examining these earthquake events, their coda/duration magnitudes were determined. The resulting half‐year catalog contains 375,736 events with one of the highest daily earthquake numbers ever reported (6,128 on 21 June 2018). A great number of events were recorded during the caldera collapses, from its beginning until its rapid ending. The catalog also contains abundant events near the Pu’u‘ō‘ō vent and in the lower East Rift Zone, where an increase of seismicity in mid‐July and August indicated a step‐up in magma intrusion after the eruption.
Evaluating Twenty‐Year Trends in Earth's Energy Flows From Observations and Reanalyses
Authors: Loeb Norman G. , Mayer Michael , Kato Seiji , Fasullo John T. , Zuo Hao , Senan Retish , Lyman John M. , Johnson Gregory C. , Balmaseda Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSatellite, reanalysis, and ocean in situ data are analyzed to evaluate regional, hemispheric and global mean trends in Earth's energy fluxes during the first 20 years of the twenty‐first century. Regional trends in net top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), ECMWF Reanalysis 5 (ERA5), and a model similar to ERA5 with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice differ markedly, particularly over the Eastern Pacific Ocean, where CERES observes large positive trends. Hemispheric and global mean net TOA flux trends for the two reanalyses are smaller than CERES, and their climatological means are half those of CERES in the southern hemisphere (SH) and more than nine times larger in the northern hemisphere (NH). The regional trend pattern of the divergence of total atmospheric energy transport (TEDIV) over ocean determined using ERA5 analyzed fields is similar to that inferred from the difference between TOA and surface fluxes from ERA5 short‐term forecasts. There is also agreement in the trend pattern over ocean for surface fluxes inferred as a residual between CERES net TOA flux and ERA5 analysis TEDIV and surface fluxes obtained directly from ERA5 forecasts. Robust trends are observed over the Gulf Stream associated with enhanced surface‐to‐atmosphere transfer of heat. Within the ocean, larger trends in ocean heating rate are found in the NH than the SH after 2005, but the magnitude of the trend varies greatly among datasets.
Ethical Challenges in Qualitative Methods to Improve Pediatric Clinical Care: Researcher Perspectives
Authors: Lang Amy C. , Lim Paulina S. , Everhart Samantha A. , Linneman Nina G. , Davies W. Hobart , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: The purpose of the current project was to distill guidance for psychology researchers regarding ethical challenges that may arise in the conduct of qualitative research aimed to improve pediatric clinical care. Method: 6 pediatric psychologists with relevant research experience participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive methods of general thematic analysis and then emerging ethical issues were interpreted within the framework of the American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Code. Results: 6 broad areas of ethical considerations were derived: Establish competence and ensure research rigor; clearly distinguish research and clinical roles; consider the potential for sample selection bias and demand characteristics; protect research participants, especially minors; attend to common and unique privacy and confidentiality concerns; and respect provider stakeholders and the clinical setting. Researchers consistently identified proactive, rather than reactive approaches, in addressing potential ethical concerns. Some of the themes and subthemes represent typical considerations of psychology research while others speak to the unique elements of qualitative methodologies, pediatric populations, and clinical care improvement. Conclusions: Researchers’ identified ethical considerations aligned with the APA Ethics Code, specifically sections 2 (competence), 3 (human relations), 4 (privacy and confidentiality), and 8 (research and publication). Recommendations were derived to aid in study planning and reflect the importance of considering competencies within the research team, dual relationships, privacy and confidentiality, and the context of clinical qualitative research. Overwhelmingly, researchers encouraged others to conduct qualitative pediatric clinical care research and emphasized the invaluable nature of the rich, in-depth information gained from such research. Implications for Impact Statement Pediatric psychologists with relevant research experience identified the following ethical considerations to proactively address when conducting qualitative research aimed to improve pediatric clinical care: competencies; distinction of research and clinical roles; sample selection bias and demand characteristics; protection of research participants; confidentiality and privacy; and respect for stakeholders and clinical setting. The results of the current study informed specific guidelines for researchers that align with the APA Ethics Code ( American Psychological Association, 2017 ), specifically related to competence, dual-relationships, privacy and confidentiality, and the research process.