bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proof‐of‐concept study of the removal of early and late phase biofilm from skin wound models using a liquid acoustic stream
Authors: Secker Thomas J. , Harling Christopher C. , Hand Chloe , Voegeli David , Keevil Charles W. , Leighton Timothy G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChronic wounds fail to progress through the normal stages of healing, with the largest remediable cause of chronicity being presence of a multi‐species biofilm. Removal of biofilm from the wound environment is central to wound care. A device for mechanically removing biofilms from wounds has been devised. The removal is caused by small‐scale liquid currents and shear, generated by acoustically activated microscopic air bubbles. These bubbles and acoustic waves are delivered onto the wound by a gentle liquid stream, allowing cleaning in situ and removal of debris in the run‐off liquid. We have investigated if this liquid acoustic wound stream (LAWS) can remove bacterial biofilm from soft biological wound models and studied the effect of LAWS on the cellular tissues of the substrate. LAWS will efficiently remove early Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm from an artificial wound in a pig's trotter, 24 hours‐mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa from a pre‐wounded human full thickness skin model (EpiDerm FT), and 3‐day mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus from a porcine skin explant. Histological examinations of uninfected EpiDerm models that had been treated by LAWS and then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, demonstrated no damage to the human tissue, and wound diameter was smaller in the treated skin models compared with untreated samples. Immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin 14 showed that keratinocytes had migrated further across the wound in the uninfected samples treated by LAWS. We discuss the implications for wound healing and propose further laboratory and clinical studies to demonstrate the removal of biofilm from patients with chronic leg ulcers and the impact on healing.
A new catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Rio Iguaçu drainage, southern Brazil, with a remarkable unique colour pattern
Authors: Costa Wilson J. E. M. , Abilhoa Vinicius , Dalcin Roger Henrique , Katz Axel M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCambeva melanoptera sp. nov. is described from stream tributaries of the Rio Iratim, Rio Iguaçu drainage, southern Brazil. This new species is remarkable with a colour pattern not found elsewhere among trichomycterid catfishes, consisting of a broad distal black zone in all unpaired and pectoral fins, strongly contrasting with a pale‐yellow proximal zone. C. melanoptera also differs from all other trichomycterids from eastern South America by the presence of the nasal barbel about thrice longer than the maxillary and rictal barbels. Due to the presence of a similar bicolour caudal fin, the new species is tentatively considered closely related to Cambeva castroi and Cambeva diabola, as well as more closely related to C. castroi than to C. diabola, with the first two species sharing the presence of a curved lateral process of the parurohyal and a trapezoidal projection on the lateral margin of the lateral ethmoid. The great morphological diversity found in Cambeva species endemic to the Rio Iguaçu drainage, including numerous exclusive characteristics not occurring in congeners and in any other species of closely related trichomycterine genera, indicates the need for more studies focusing on possible causal factors responsible for such unique diversification pattern.
COVID‐19 contamination through food: A study with Brazilian consumers of different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics
Authors: Torres Neto Luiz , Monteiro Maria Lúcia Guerra , Viana Fernanda Medeiros , Conte‐Junior Carlos Adam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate through free word association the perception of Brazilian consumers regarding the possibility of infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus through food. One thousand individuals answered the questionnaire via an online platform. Most cited terms (hygiene—8%, fear—8%, caution—5%) and categories (negative attitudes and feeling—72% and sanitization—60%) were related to overall COVID‐19 infection rather than their specific infection through the food. The perception of the possibility of risk of this type of cross‐contamination was greater for male participants, within the food field, with high income (>10 minimum wages), and from the midwest region. Nonetheless, there are still doubts regarding this possibility, especially for participants with low income (≤10 minimum wages), females, higher education (≥secondary school), who exercise professional activity outside the food sector and from most regions of Brazil.Practical applicationsAlthough the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was discovered 2 years ago, the emergence of new variants such as Omicron has increased infection and mortality rates worldwide. A possible way of COVID‐19 infection is cross‐contamination through food handling and contact surfaces if preventive measures are not applied. In this context, understanding the consumer perception from a continental‐size country such as Brazil, with a wide variety of socioeconomic profiles, is crucial to minimize the severe impacts of the pandemic. Our study demonstrates the need to disseminate scientific information in different media to reduce misinformation, especially social media because most Brazilian consumers had doubts and uncertainties about the possibility of COVID‐19 infection from cross‐contamination through food.
Uniformity of palatal volume and surface area in various malocclusions
Authors: Saadeh Maria E. , Ghafari Joseph G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess palatal volume, surface area and linear dimensions across sagittal and vertical components of malocclusion.MethodsPre‐treatment cephalographs and dental casts of 178 non‐growing patients (88 males, 90 females, age 25.81 ± 8.23 years) were used for classification in sagittal malocclusion groups: Class I (n = 48), Class II division 1 (n = 42), Class II division 2 (n = 40) and Class III (n = 48); and in vertical divergence groups based on the MP/SN angle: hypodivergent (n = 35), normodivergent (n = 95) and hyperdivergent (n = 48). Dental casts were scanned and palatal measurements recorded: palatal width, depth and interdental distances; palatal surface area (PSA, mm2) and volume (PV, mm3). A 3‐way ANOVA was used to compare palatal dimensions across groups. Pearson product‐moment correlations were employed to assess associations among variables.ResultsPSA and PV (in both sex groups) were not statistically significantly different across sagittal malocclusions and vertical patterns. Significant differences were depicted more among the vertical divergence groups than sagittal groups. Correlations between PSA and PV and palatal dimensions were low to moderate. Predictability of PSA and PV ranged between 15 and 18%.ConclusionThe finding of similar palatal volume and surface area, on average, across malocclusions possibly underscores the limitations of environmental influences within the inherited orofacial phenotype. The vertical facial pattern seems to be more interactive with palatal dimensions than sagittal relations. Studies of palatal changes following orthodontic and orthognathic treatments are warranted.
Analysing Cycling Sensors Data Through Ordinal Logistic Regression with Functional Covariates
Authors: Jacques Julien , Samardžić Sanja 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of digital sensors in sports, all cyclists can now measure many parameters during their effort, such as speed, slope, altitude, heart rate or pedalling cadence. The present work studies the effect of these parameters on the average developed power, which is the best indicator of cyclist performance. For this, a cumulative logistic model for ordinal response with functional covariate is proposed. This model is shown to outperform competitors on a benchmark study, and its application on cyclist data confirms that pedalling cadence is a key performance indicator. However, maintaining a high cadence during long effort is a typical characteristic of high-level cyclists, which is something on which amateur cyclists can work to increase their performance.
Using a system of equations to assess the determinants of the walking behavior of older adults
Authors: Yang Linchuan , Tang Xianglong , Yang Hongtai , Meng Fanyu , Liu Jixiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the most prevalent physical activity and transportation mode for older people, walking is considered to have multiple health and well‐being benefits. Previous studies used separate models to assess the built‐environment determinants of a battery of walking behavior measures, such as walking frequency and duration. In a departure from them, this study develops a system of equations, which is estimated by seemingly unrelated regression, to determine the built‐environment factors that significantly influence two correlated walking behavior measures (including walking frequency and duration) of older adults in Xiamen (a medium‐sized Chinese city) based on data from the Travel Survey of Xiamen Residents 2015 and built‐environment geo‐data. The results show the following: (1) the walking frequency and duration of older adults are affected by the built environment and socio‐demographic characteristics; (2) land‐use mix, intersection density, and bus route density positively influence older adults’ walking frequency and duration; (3) distance to the commercial center adversely impacts the walking frequency and duration; and (4) the built environment has similar effects on the two measures. This study offers a worthwhile reference for policy intervention to promote older adults' walking activities, thereby contributing to active and healthy aging.
Black hole thermodynamics in ($$2+1$$)-dimensional scalar–tensor-Born–Infeld theory
Authors: Dehghani M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe action of scalar–tensor (ST) gravity theory can be written in both of the Jordan and Einstein frames, which are related via conformal transformations. Here, by introducing a suitable conformal transformation (CT), the action of three-dimensional Einstein-dilaton-Born–Infeld (EdBI) gravity has been obtained from that of scalar–tensor-Born–Infeld (STBI) theory. Despite the field equations of ST gravity, the exact solutions of Einstein-dilaton (Ed) theory can be obtained, easily. The exact solutions of STBI theory have been obtained from those of EdBI gravity by applying the inverse CTs. As the result, two novel classes of ST black hole (BH) solutions have been introduced in the presence of Born–Infeld (BI) nonlinear electrodynamics. The BHs’ conserved and thermodynamic quantities have been calculated under the influence of nonlinear electrodynamics. Then, through a Smarr-type mass formula, it has been shown that these quantities satisfy the standard form of the thermodynamical first law, in both of the Jordan and Einstein frames. Thermal stability or phase transition of the BHs have been investigate by use of the canonical ensemble method and regarding the signature of specific heat (SH). The points of first- and second-order phase transitions, and the size of those BHs which remain locally stable have been determined.
Associations between Circulating VEGFR2hi-Neutrophils and Carotid Plaque Burden in Patients Aged 40-64 without Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Genkel Vadim , Dolgushin Ilya , Baturina Irina , Savochkina Albina , Nikushkina Karina , Minasova Anna , Kuznetsova Alla , Shaposhnik Igor 
Published: April 2022

Background. Neutrophils expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) represent a distinct subtype of neutrophils with proangiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to identify the interrelations between circulating CD16hiCD11bhiCD62LloCXCR2hiVEGFR2hi-neutrophils and indicators of carotid plaque burden in patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Methods. The study included 145 patients, 51.7% men and 48.3% women, median age—49.0 years. All patients underwent carotid duplex ultrasound scanning. The maximal carotid plaque thickness was used as an indicator of carotid plaque burden. Also, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and femoral IMT were measured. The phenotyping of neutrophil subpopulations was executed by the flow cytometry via the Navios 6/2. Results. The subpopulation of VEGFR2hi-neutrophils accounted for about 5% of the total pool of circulating neutrophils. A decrease in VEGFR2hi-neutrophils with an increase in carotid plaque burden was statistically significant (

p
=
0.036

). A decrease in VEGFR2hi-

neutrophils
<
4.52
%

allowed to predict the presence of plaque with a maximum

height
>
2.1

mm (Q4), with sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 61.5% (AUC 0.693; 95% CI 0.575-0.811;

p
=
0.007

). Inverse correlations were established between the carotid and femoral IMT and the absolute and relative number of VEGFR2hi-neutrophils (

p
<
0.01

). Conclusion. In patients aged 40-64 years without established ASCVD, with an increase in indicators of the carotid plaque burden, a significant decrease in the proportion of circulating VEGFR2hi-neutrophils was noticed. A decrease in the relative number of VEGFR2hi-neutrophils of less than 4.52% made it possible to predict the presence of extent carotid atherosclerosis with sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 61.5%.
Coming of Age: Human Genomics and the Cancer–Immune Set Point
Authors: Hammer Christian , Mellman Ira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cancer is largely a disease of the tumor cell genome. As a result, the majority of genetics research in oncology has concentrated on the role of tumor somatic mutations, as well as inherited risk variants, in disease susceptibility and response to targeted treatments. The advent and success of cancer immunotherapies, however, have opened new perspectives for the investigation of the role of inherited genetic variation in codetermining outcome and safety. It is increasingly likely that the entirety of germline genetic variation involved in regulating immune responses accounts for a significant fraction of the observed variability in responses to cancer immunotherapies. Although germline genetic data from patients treated with cancer immunotherapies are still scarce, this line of research benefits from a vast body of knowledge derived from studies into autoimmune and infectious disease phenotypes, thus not requiring a start from a blank slate. Here, we discuss how a thorough investigation of genomic variation relevant for individuals’ variability in (auto)immune responses can contribute to the discovery of novel treatment approaches and drug targets, and yield predictive biomarkers to stratify cancer patient populations in precision and personalized medicine settings.
Neoantigen Presentation and IFNγ Signaling on the Same Tumor-associated Macrophage are Necessary for CD4 T Cell–mediated Antitumor Activity in Mice
Authors: Perez-Diez Ainhoa , Liu Xiangdong , Matzinger Polly 
Published: April 2022

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promote tumor survival, angiogenesis, and metastases. Although they express MHC class II molecules, little is known about their ability to present tumor antigens to tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cells, and the consequences of such presentation. To answer these questions, we used a C57/BL10 mouse tumor model where we subcutaneously implant a bladder carcinoma cell line naturally expressing the H-Y male antigen into female mice, making the H-Y antigen a de facto neoantigen. We found that TAMs indeed present tumor antigens to effector CD4 T cells and that such presentation is necessary for tumor rejection. As a consequence of this interaction, TAMs are reeducated to produce lower amounts of tumor-promoting proteins and greater amounts of inflammatory proteins. The reeducation process of the TAMs is transcriptionally characterized by an IFNγ signature, including genes of known antiviral and antibacterial functions. CD4 production of IFNγ, and not TNFα or CD40L, is required for the reeducation process and tumor rejection. Furthermore, IFNγ signaling on antigen-presenting TAMs and not on bystander TAMs, is necessary for the antitumor effect. These data identify critical mechanisms of tumor rejection by CD4 T cells and underscores the importance of effector CD4 T cell–tissue macrophage interactions not only at the tumors site but potentially in other tissues.Significance:In the tumor microenvironment, TAMs are capable of presenting tumor antigens to effector CD4 T cells. Upon antigen recognition, the CD4 cells transform transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally the TAMs inducing tumor rejection. This reeducation process requires both cognate interaction and IFNγ signaling on the same macrophage.
Stent Optimization Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Its Prognostic Implications After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Rai Himanshu , Harzer Fiona , Otsuka Tatsuhiko , Abdelwahed Youssef S. , Antuña Paula , Blachutzik Florian , Koppara Tobias , Räber Lorenz , Leistner David M. , Alfonso Fernando , Nef Holger , Seguchi Masaru , Aytekin Alp , Xhepa Erion , Kufner Sebastian , Cassese Salvatore , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Byrne Robert A. , Kastrati Adnan , Joner Michael 
Published: April 2022

Background
Stent underexpansion has been known to be associated with worse outcomes. We sought to define optical coherence tomography assessed optimal stent expansion index (SEI), which associates with lower incidence of follow‐up major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).

Methods and Results

A total of 315 patients (involving 370 lesions) who underwent optical coherence tomography–aided coronary stenting were retrospectively included. SEI was calculated separately for equal halves of each stented segment using minimum stent area/mean reference lumen area ([proximal reference area+distal reference area]/2). The smaller of the 2 was considered to be the SEI of that case. Follow‐up MACE was defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and target lesion revascularization. Average minimum stent area was 6.02 (interquartile range, 4.65–7.92) mm
2
, while SEI was 0.79 (interquartile range, 0.71–0.86). Forty‐seven (12.7%) incidences of MACE were recorded for 370 included lesions during a median follow‐up duration of 557 (interquartile range, 323–1103) days. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 0.85 as the best SEI cutoff (<0.85) to predict follow‐up MACE (area under the curve, 0.60; sensitivity, 0.85; specificity, 0.34). MACE was observed in 40 of 260 (15.4%) lesions with SEI <0.85 and in 7 of 110 (6.4%) lesions with SEI ≥0.85 (
P
=0.02). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression identified SEI <0.85 (odds ratio, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.40–9.05;
P
<0.01) and coronary calcification (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.00–6.10;
P
=0.05) as independent predictors of follow‐up MACE.

Conclusions
The present study identified SEI <0.85, associated with increased incidence of MACE, as the optimal cutoff in daily practice. Along with suboptimal SEI (<0.85), coronary calcification was also found to be a significant predictor of follow‐up MACE.
Understanding Uncertainties in Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Hazard Modeling Using Synthetic Storms
Authors: Xi Dazhi , Lin Ning 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall hazard assessment is subject to the bias in TC climatology estimation from climate simulations or synthetic downscaling. In this study, we investigate the uncertainty in TC rainfall hazard assessment induced by this bias using both rain gauge and radar observations and synthetic-storm-model-coupled TC rainfall simulations. We identify the storm’s maximum intensity, impact duration, and minimal distance to the site to be the three most important storm parameters for TC rainfall hazard, and the relationship between the important storm parameters and TC rainfall can be well captured by a physics-based TC rainfall model. The uncertainty in the synthetic rainfall hazard induced by the bias in TC climatology can be largely explained by the bias in the important storm parameters simulated by the synthetic storm model. Correcting the distribution of the most biased parameter may significantly improve rainfall hazard estimation. Bias correction based on the joint distribution of the important parameters may render more accurate rainfall hazard estimations; however, the general technical difficulties in resampling from high-dimensional joint probability distributions prevent more accurate estimations in some cases. The results of the study also support future investigation of the impact of climate change on TC rainfall hazards through the lens of future changes in the identified important storm parameters.
Additional Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Rotation during Tornadogenesis Using Rapid-Scan Mobile Radar Observations
Authors: Houser Jana Lesak , Bluestein Howard B. , Thiem Kyle , Snyder Jeffrey , Reif Dylan , Wienhoff Zachary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study builds upon recent rapid-scan radar observations of mesocyclonic tornadogenesis in supercells by investigating the formation of seven tornadoes (four from a single cyclic supercell), most of which include samples at heights < 100 m above radar level. The spatiotemporal evolution of the tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs), maximum velocity differentials across the vortex couplet, and pseudovorticity are analyzed. In general, the tornadoes formed following a non-descending pattern of evolution, although one case was descending over time scales O(<60) s and the evolution of another case was dependent upon the criteria used to define a tornado, and may have been associated with a rapidly occurring top-down process. Thus, it was determined that the vertical sense of evolution of a tornado can be sensitive to the criteria employed to define a TVS. Furthermore, multiple instances were found in which TVSs terminated at heights below 1.5 km, although vertical sampling above this height was often limited.

Significance Statement
It is generally well understood that tornadoes form over short time scales [i.e., O(∼60) s]. Despite this fact, detailed scientific measurements of tornado evolution during and just prior to genesis remains limited, particularly very near the ground and on time and space scales sufficient to observe tornado processes. Multiple recent studies have supported a non-descending evolution of rotation in supercell tornadoes, but the small number of analyzed cases is still insufficient for generalization. This study investigates seven new cases of tornadogenesis using high spatiotemporal resolution radar data that include near-ground level observations to examine the evolution of rotation with time and height. For the time scales observable by the radar platform [i.e., O(∼30) s], genesis occurred predominately following a non-descending manner in five out of the seven tornadoes studied, while the vertical evolution of two tornadoes were sensitive to the criterion used to define a “tornadic” vortex signature.