bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movements and Diving Behavior of the Eastern North Pacific Offshore Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)
Authors: Schorr Gregory S. , Hanson M. Bradley , Falcone Erin A. , Emmons Candice K. , Jarvis Susan M. , Andrews Russel D. , Keen Eric M. 
Published: May 2022

The Pacific Offshore killer whale population is currently listed as data deficient on the IUCN Red List and Threatened in Canada. The population is estimated at 300 individuals with a range extending from Southern California to the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Only 157 encounters with this ecotype have been photo-documented between 1988 and 2014; consequently, movement and behavioral data are limited and restricted to areas commonly surveyed. To better understand movements, habitat use, and diving behavior, we deployed seven dart-attached satellite tags during two encounters with Offshores off California and one encounter off Washington State in 2013. Group size estimates were 6, 9, and 30 whales, respectively. Transmission durations ranged from 6.3 to 147.4 days providing a combined 2,469 location estimates. Whales tagged in Southern California travelled from 30.7°N to 59.3°N degrees latitude, covering a larger latitudinal range in 75 days than all previous sightings (33.5°N to 60.0°N). Within most of the California Current (southern extent of locations up to 48.5°N), Offshores typically used waters deeper than the 200 m isobath. As they approached the northern extent of the California Current and travelled into British Columbia and Alaska, locations were more common near or inside the 200 m isobath. Individuals tagged in the same group disassociated and re-associated within the tracking duration, with animals tagged together separating by as much 1,339 km. Two of the tags also reported summarized diving behavior, and tags captured 1,110 total dives with median dive depths of 41 m and 100 m for each tagged whale; the maximum dive depth was 480 m. Dives were typically short (median = 3.9 and 4.1 min respectively, max = 12.3). A comparison of dive depths and bathymetry suggests that whales typically dove to or near the seafloor in continental shelf habitat. Despite the small number of tag deployments, these data provide new information on social structure, individual ranges, diving behavior, and habitat use of this seldom encountered killer whale ecotype.
Theoretical Investigation of Effects of Transition Elements on Phase Stabilities and Elastic Properties of the γ′ Phase in Co–V–Ta Superalloys
Authors: Chen Youheng , Wang Cuiping , Zhang Chi , Yang Chen , Han Jiajia , Liu Xingjun 
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of W-free light-weight Co–V–Ta-based superalloys, the effects of alloying elements including Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt on γ′-Co3(V, Ta) stability and elastic properties were studied. The results from the reaction energy indicate that Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, and W tend to occupy the V site, whereas Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt prefer to occupy the Co site. It was found that Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, Fe, and Mn stabilize the γ′-Co3(V, Ta) phase by raising the phase-transfer energy. The addition of Mo and W increases the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus. According to Pugh’s classical criterion, the γ′-Co3(V, Ta) phase is an intrinsically brittle material, and the addition of elements such as Tc and Re significantly enhances the ductility. At finite temperature, the doping of Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Hf enhances the relative stability of the γ′-Co3(V, Ta) phase in the whole temperature range from 0 to 1200 K and are candidates for improving the stability of the γ′-Co3(V, Ta) phase.
Putative Biomarkers in Tears for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis
Authors: Amorim Madania , Martins Beatriz , Caramelo Francisco , Gonçalves Conceição , Trindade Grimalde , Simão Jorge , Barreto Patrícia , Marques Inês , Leal Ermelindo Carreira , Carvalho Eugénia , Reis Flávio , Ribeiro-Rodrigues Teresa , Girão Henrique , Rodrigues-Santos Paulo , Farinha Cláudia , Ambrósio António Francisco , Silva Rufino , Fernandes Rosa 
Published: May 2022

PurposeTear fluid biomarkers may offer a non-invasive strategy for detecting diabetic patients with increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) or increased disease progression, thus helping both improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assessed the tear fluid of nondiabetic individuals, diabetic patients with no DR, and diabetic patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or with proliferative DR (PDR) to find putative biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of DR.MethodsTear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer test strips from a cohort with 12 controls and 54 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients, and then analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics and bead-based multiplex assay. Tear fluid-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Western Blotting, and nano tracking.ResultsProteomics analysis revealed that among the 682 reliably quantified proteins in tear fluid, 42 and 26 were differentially expressed in NPDR and PDR, respectively, comparing to the control group. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033101. By multicomparison analyses, we also found significant changes in 32 proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that most of these proteins are associated with oxidative stress and small EVs. Indeed, we also found that tear fluid is particularly enriched in small EVs. T2D patients with NPDR have higher IL-2/-5/-18, TNF, MMP-2/-3/-9 concentrations than the controls. In the PDR group, IL-5/-18 and MMP-3/-9 concentrations were significantly higher, whereas IL-13 was lower, compared to the controls.ConclusionsOverall, the results show alterations in tear fluid proteins profile in diabetic patients with retinopathy. Promising candidate biomarkers identified need to be validated in a large sample cohort.
Key Genes Associated With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Chen Yong , Ma Leikai , Ge Zhouling , Pan Yizhao , Xie Lubin 
Published: May 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic and endocrinopathies disorder in women of reproductive age and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Previous research has indicated potential associations between PCOS and NAFLD, but the underlying pathophysiology is still not clear. The present study aims to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PCOS and NAFLD through the bioinformatics method, and explore the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods: The microarray datasets GSE34526 and GSE63067 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to obtain the DEGs between PCOS and NAFLD with the GEO2R online tool. Next, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for the DEGs were performed. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the hub genes were identified using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Finally, NetworkAnalyst was used to construct the network between the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) and the hub genes.Results: A total of 52 genes were identified as DEGs in the above two datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are mostly enriched in immunity and inflammation related pathways. In addition, nine hub genes, including TREM1, S100A9, FPR1, NCF2, FCER1G, CCR1, S100A12, MMP9, and IL1RN were selected from the PPI network by using the cytoHubba and MCODE plug-in. Then, four miRNAs, including miR-20a-5p, miR-129-2-3p, miR-124-3p, and miR-101-3p, were predicted as possibly the key miRNAs through the miRNA-gene network construction.Conclusion: In summary, we firstly constructed a miRNA-gene regulatory network depicting interactions between the predicted miRNA and the hub genes in NAFLD and PCOS, which provides novel insights into the identification of potential biomarkers and valuable therapeutic leads for PCOS and NAFLD.
Ceramide Aminoethylphosphonate as a New Molecular Target for Pore-Forming Aegerolysin-Based Protein Complexes
Authors: Balbi Teresa , Trenti Francesco , Panevska Anastasija , Bajc Gregor , Guella Graziano , Ciacci Caterina , Canonico Barbara , Canesi Laura , Sepčić Kristina 
Published: May 2022

Ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6) is a 15 kDa protein produced by the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It belongs to the aegerolysin family of proteins and binds with high affinity to the insect-specific membrane sphingolipid, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE). In concert with its partnering protein with the membrane-attack-complex/perforin domain, pleurotolysin B (PlyB), OlyA6 can form bicomponent 13-meric transmembrane pores in artificial and biological membranes containing the aegerolysin lipid receptor, CPE. This pore formation is the main underlying molecular mechanism of potent and selective insecticidal activity of OlyA6/PlyB complexes against two economically important coleopteran plant pests: the western corn rootworm and the Colorado potato beetle. In contrast to insects, the main sphingolipid in cell membranes of marine invertebrates (i.e., molluscs and cnidarians) is ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), a CPE analogue built on a phosphono rather than the usual phosphate group in its polar head. Our targeted lipidomic analyses of the immune cells (hemocytes) of the marine bivalve, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, confirmed the presence of 29.0 mol% CAEP followed by 36.4 mol% of phosphatidylcholine and 34.6 mol% of phosphatidylethanolamine. Further experiments showed the potent binding of OlyA6 to artificial lipid vesicles supplemented with mussel CAEP, and strong lysis of these vesicles by the OlyA6/PlyB mixture. In Mytilus haemocytes, short term exposure (max. 1 h) to the OlyA6/PlyB mixture induced lysosomal membrane destabilization, decreased phagocytic activity, increased Annexin V binding and oxyradical production, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, indicating rapid damage of endo-lysosomal and plasma membranes and oxidative stress. Our data suggest CAEP as a novel high-affinity receptor for OlyA6 and a target for cytolytic OlyA6/PlyB complexes.
MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Min Kyoung , Cho Se Jin , Bae Yun Jung , Kim Jong-Min 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe glymphatic system has been described as one that facilitates the exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, and many recent studies have demonstrated glymphatic flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to systematically review the studies demonstrating a normal glymphatic flow in a human population using MRI and to propose a detailed glymphatic imaging protocol.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies with human participants involving MRI-based demonstrations of the normal glymphatic flow. We extracted data on the imaging sequence, imaging protocol, and the targeted anatomical structures on each study.ResultsAccording to contrast-enhanced MRI studies, peak enhancement was sequentially detected first in the CSF space, followed by the brain parenchyma, the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV), and, finally, the cervical lymph nodes, corresponding with glymphatic flow and explaining the drainage into the MLV. Non-contrast flow-sensitive MRI studies revealed similar glymphatic inflow from the CSF space to the brain parenchyma and efflux of exchanged fluid from the brain parenchyma to the MLV.ConclusionWe may recommend T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI for visualizing glymphatic flow. Our result can increase understanding of the glymphatic system and may lay the groundwork for establishing central nervous system fluid dynamic theories and developing standardized imaging protocols.
Association of the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index With Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Cai Shuang , Zhou Lin , Zhang Yue , Cheng Bokai , Zhang Anhang , Sun Jin , Li Man , Su Yongkang , Bao Qiligeer , Zhang Yan , Ma Shouyuan , Zhu Ping , Wang Shuxia 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTo explore the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of all-cause mortality in one urban community-dwelling population in China.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study with a sample of 1,863 older adults aged 60 years or over in Beijing who completed baseline examinations in 2009–2010 and a 10-year follow-up in 2020. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the association of WWI with all-cause mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of each obesity index to predict mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.8 years (1.0 to 11.3 years), 339 deaths occurred. After adjusted for covariates, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality progressively increased across the tertile of WWI. Compared with the lowest WWI category (tertile1 &lt;10.68 cm/√kg), with WWI 10.68 to 11.24cm/√kg, and≥11.25 cm/√kg, the HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for all-cause mortality were 1.58 (1.12–2.22), and 2.66 (1.80–3.92), respectively. In stratified analyses, the relationship between WWI and the risk of all-cause mortality persisted. The area under ROC for WWI was higher for all-cause mortality than BMI, WHtR, and WC.ConclusionWWI was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, and the association was more robust with the highest WWI category.
Efficacy and Safety of Placebo During the Maintenance Therapy of Ovarian Cancer in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jin-feng , Zhao Lan-bo , Bin Ya-di , Zhang Kai-lu , Sun Chao , Wang Yi-ran , Feng Xue , Ji Jing , He Li-song , Chen Fang-yao , Li Qi-ling 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThis meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of placebo during the maintenance therapy of ovarian cancer (OC) patients in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsA comprehensive literature review was performed for RCTs published up to and including August 2020 from four electronic databases. We analyzed the efficacy and safety in the control arms of the maintenance therapy in advanced OC patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated in the placebo arms and the observation arms, respectively, using the Frequency Framework method. We also calculated the incidences of common adverse effects (AEs) in the placebo arms.ResultsIn total, 41 articles with 20,099 (4,787 in the placebo arms, 3,420 in the observation arms, and 11,892 in the experiment arms) patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with observation, placebo did not improve or reduce PFS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.87–1.20; P = 0.81) and OS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89–1.16; P = 0.76) of OC patients, while other treatments, except for radiotherapy, significantly improved PFS and OS (all P &lt; 0.05). The incidences of AEs produced by placebo were 94.03% in all grades and 20.22% in grade ≥3. The incidences of AEs were 29.75% in fatigue, 26.38% in nausea, 24.34% in abdominal pain, 18.92% in constipation, 16.65% in diarrhea, 14.55% in vomiting, 13.89% in hypertension, and 13.14% in headache.ConclusionsPlacebo did not improve or reduce the PFS and OS benefits of OC patients in RCTs but increased the incidences of AEs.
The Comparative Outcomes of Particulate Versus Coil Preoperative Embolization for Carotid Body Tumors
Authors: Huang Xun , Wang Lin , Chen Yangjing , Liu Jianlin , Liu Yamin , Yang Lin 
Published: May 2022

Till now, the effect of different embolic materials (particulate vs coil) on pre-embolization of carotid body tumors remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the comparative results between particulate and coil embolization for carotid body tumors. Thirty-seven patients with carotid body tumors who underwent embolization before surgical resection were reviewed and analyzed in this retrospective study between 2008 and 2020. Twenty-one patients were included in the particulate group, while 16 patients were included in the coil group. All procedure-related details, complications and 5-year follow-up data were collected in the study. The preoperative embolization time was obviously longer in the particulate group than in the coil group (42.6 ± 12.3 min vs. 33.7 ± 10.1 min, P =.02), and the fluo time of the procedure (864.5 ± 240.9 s vs. 729.6 ± 251.5 s) and cumulative air kerma (634.6 ± 188.4 mGy vs. 486.7 ± 164.7 mGy) value were higher in the particulate group (P =.01). The incidences of total adverse events in both groups were not significantly different (28.6% vs. 25.0%, P &gt;.05); however, two cases of ectopic embolization only occurred in the particulate group. Interestingly, medical expenditure was higher in the particulate group than in the coil group (P =.02). For the 3-year follow-up evaluation, recurrence and all-cause mortality were similar in both groups (P &gt;.05). Preoperative embolization with coils could be relatively safe, have a lower radiation dosage and be cost-effective for the treatment of carotid body tumors.
Complete Response After Pre-Operative Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Unresectable Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumour: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Yang Huiru , Xin Yujing , Yang Yi , Lu Haizhen , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrimary hepatic neuroendocrine tumours (PHNET) are extremely rare. Currently, no evidence-based guidelines are available for PHNET treatment, especially for unresectable tumours.Case PresentationWe present the case of a 43-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of backache for more than 1 month. The imaging examination showed a 5.5×5.3 cm lesion in the liver and no extrahepatic lesions, which was confirmed as a grade 2 PHNET by the pathological results and exclusion of non-hepatic origins. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultation revealed that the lesion was an unresectable primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour (uPHNET) but could be potentially treated by conversion surgery. The patient was initially administered four cycles of chemotherapy with temozolomide, 5-fluorouracil, and ondansetron, and was evaluated as stable disease (SD) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Because of the limited clinical benefit of chemotherapy, the patient subsequently underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) treatment, which reduced the tumour size and converted uPHNET to resectable tumours. A complete response (CR) was achieved after surgery, and the patient has been disease-free.ConclusionsThis case was reported by a patient with uPHNET who benefited from the pre-operative TACE, providing a potentially effective management strategy for refractory tumours.
Case Report: A Novel Non-Canonical Splice Site Variant (c.1638+7T>C) in TRPM6 Cause Primary Homagnesemia With Secondary Hocalcemia
Authors: Song Jiayu , Lei Juan , Zhang Jianxia , Zhang Aiqing , Gan Weihua , Zheng Bixia , Wang Chunli , Gong Jing 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePrimary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the TRPM6 gene encoding the epithelial magnesium channel. It is characterized by hypomagnesemia and secondary hypocalcemia associated with neurological symptoms. Here, we aimed to investigate the genetic defects of the TRPM6 gene found in a girl from China.MethodsThe genomic DNA of the proband and the parents was extracted for whole-exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was further performed to validate the candidate variants. Subsequently, the TRPM6 gene deletion was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiment. The effect of the variant on mRNA splicing was analyzed through a minigene splice assay and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in vitro.ResultsThe proband presented with the symptoms of generalized seizures, tetany, and muscle spasms, which were refractory to anticonvulsant treatment. Phenotypic data indicated that the patient had hypomagnesemia, poor parathyroid hormone response, and resultant hypocalcemia. The trio whole-exome sequencing identified that the proband carried compound heterozygous variants in the TRPM6 gene, a paternally derived exon 6 deletion, and a maternally derived splicing variant (c.1638+7T&gt;C) in exon 14. The minigene splice assay confirmed that the c.1638+7T&gt;C variant resulted in exon 14 skipping, which caused the alteration of TRPM6 mRNA splicing.ConclusionOur results support that the compound heterozygous variants in TRPM6 are responsible for HSH in this patient. A novel pathogenic splicing variant (c.1638+7T&gt;C) in the intron 14 disturbs the normal TRPM6 mRNA splicing, suggesting that the non-classical splice variant plays a critical role in HSH. This variant is essential for future effective genetic diagnosis.