bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Volatile Carbon-to-oxygen Ratio as a Tracer for the Formation Locations of Interstellar Comets
Authors: Seligman Darryl Z. , Rogers Leslie A. , Cabot Samuel H. C. , Noonan John W. , Kareta Theodore , Mandt Kathleen E. , Ciesla Fred , McKay Adam , Feinstein Adina D. , Levine W. Garrett , Bean Jacob L. , Nordlander Thomas , Krumholz Mark R. , Mansfield Megan , Hoover Devin J. , Van Clepper Eric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Based on the occurrence rates implied by the discoveries of 1I/‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, the forthcoming Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) should detect ≥one interstellar object every year. We advocate for future measurements of the production rates of H2O, CO2, and CO in these objects to estimate their carbon-to-oxygen ratios, which trace formation locations within their original protoplanetary disks. We review similar measurements for solar system comets, which indicate formation interior to the CO snow line. By quantifying the relative processing in the interstellar medium and solar system, we estimate that production rates will not be representative of primordial compositions for the majority of interstellar comets. Preferential desorption of CO and CO2 relative to H2O in the interstellar medium implies that measured C/O ratios represent lower limits on the primordial ratios. Specifically, production rate ratios of Q(CO)/Q(H2O) < 0.2 and Q(CO)/Q(H2O) > 1 likely indicate formation interior and exterior to the CO snow line, respectively. The high C/O ratio of 2I/Borisov implies that it formed exterior to the CO snow line. We provide an overview of the currently operational facilities capable of obtaining these measurements that will constrain the fraction of ejected comets that formed exterior to the CO snow line. This fraction will provide key insights into the efficiency of and mechanisms for cometary ejection in exoplanetary systems.
Stage at Diagnosis and Patient Delay among Breast Cancer Women in Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Behrad Mohammad Sayed , Rashed Firoozeddin , Zarabi Attaullah , Saidi Surya 
Published: July 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cause of mortality among women. According to WHO in 2012, about 7400 women died because of cancers in Afghanistan. Aim: To obtain information about clinical stages of breast cancer of women at the time of diagnosis in Kabul, Afghanistan. Patient and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 240 women diagnosed with breast cancer from March 2016 to March 2019. The diagnosis of breast cancer was made by the surgeon on the basis of physical examination and Biopsy/Pathological reports. Clinical staging of the tumor was recorded according to the tumor, nodal, and metastasis (TNM) classification. The gap between knowing the problem and consulting a physician (Patient delay) was categorized: less than 3 months, 3-6 months and more than 6 months. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.31 years (SD ± 11.80) ranging from 18 to 76 years. The Patient delay was more than 6 months (65%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest morphological type (76.7%). Breast cancer in left breast of patients was 52.1%. Stage II was higher in left and stage III in right breast. The majority of patients were in stage II & III at the time of diagnosis. All stages were frequent in fourth decades of age group. The association between the clinical stages of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis, the age and breast R/L involvement of the patients was significant (P<0.001). The association between clinical stage and marital status was not significant (P<0.953). Conclusion: Late referrals, diagnosis delay and advanced stages of breast cancer are still a serious problem in Afghanistan. Cancer in right breast should be given more attention because higher stages of the disease are expected. Awareness and social education is great need.
Indonesian Ciplukan Extract Inhibited TGF-β1/NF-κB Pathway in Experimental Psoriasis Mouse Models
Authors: Sylviningrum Thianti , Wasita Brian , Purwanto Bambang , Kariosentono Harijono , Soetrisno Soetrisno 
Published: July 2022

Background:The global prevalence of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, has substantially increased in the last decade. The increase activity of Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGFß1)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway which cause inflammation, is the major pathological mechanism in psoriasis. Current psoriasis treatment using chemical agents is hampered by the side-effects when used long-term, which underlines the need for alternative, low side-effect anti-psoriatic agents. The extract of Physalis angulata L., also known as Ciplukan in Indonesia, contains Physalins, compounds known for their anti-inflammatory effects, but whose effect on psoriasis has not been studied.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ciplukan extract (CE) to TGFß1/NF-κB pathway in psoriasis mouse models.
Methods: This was experimental study with posttest-only control group design. The CE active ingredients were identified using Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-five female imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mice were allocated into five groups, with three groups receiving 7 days of 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE, respectively, and two groups serving as control and IMQ groups. The NF-κB and TGFß1 expressions were evaluated using Allred score based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Histopathology and clinical psoriasis manifestations were assessed using Baker’s from Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann Whitney tests were conducted for data analysis. The p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically different.
Results: Based on LC-MS/MS test, Physalin B, D, and F were active ingredients from CE in ethyl acetate solution. An improvement in psoriasis inflammation was observed in 400 and 800 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE, but only the dosage of 800 mg/kg BW significantly decreased of Allred scores from NF-κB and TGFß1 expressions; Baker’s and PASI scores compared to IMQ group (p<0.05). The 1200 mg/kg bodyweight doses of CE associated with acute toxicity signs and mortality, meanwhile dosage of 800 mg/kg BW showed the highest efficacy with lowest toxicity effect.
Conclusions: Ciplukan extract improved psoriasis manifestations via inhibition effect to TGFß1/NF-κB pathway and the extract might be developed as an alternative anti-psoriasis agent
From Berlin to the Coral Sea
Authors: Margariti Roxani Eleni 
Published: July 2022

In 1820 two young Prussian naturalists secured funds to travel to Egypt and the Levant and collect samples for Berlin’s budding zoological collections. Three years later, Wilhelm Friedrich Hemprich and Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg extended their research to the Red Sea, eventually reaching as far as the coast of Abyssinia, present-day Eritrea. Their journeys were marked by tragedy, yet their efforts led to early publications of Red Sea natural history that have been influential even if little known outside of scientific circles. More importantly, their drawings and observations offer a fascinating window onto routes and natural conditions on both coasts of the Red Sea and its islands and onto the networks of knowledge – crucially involving local interlocutors – from which modern scientific descriptions of that natural world developed. This study highlights published and unpublished materials from the Hemprich‑Ehrenberg expedition in the Red Sea and argues that its Nachlass constitutes an informative time capsule of scientific travel networks in the region as well as a palimpsest of local knowledge, particularly regarding maritime topography and marine and insular life.
An Indian coin in the Eastern Desert of Egypt
Authors: Bhandare Shailendra , Cuvigny Hélène , Faucher Thomas 
Published: July 2022

In 2007, the French archaeological mission of the Eastern Desert found a square Indian coin during the excavations of the praesidium of Dios (Abu Qurayya). Located on the road from Koptos to Berenike, the fort was built in 115/116 AD. The coin is a new type in the series of the “stock coinage” of the Cheras, of South India, usually dated from the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. It is the only Indian coin ever found by the team during more than 25 years of excavations in the praesidia of the Eastern Desert and a rare witness of Erythrean trade in one of these Roman garrisons. If its presence is only anecdotic, its stratigraphic context helps to date the Chera coinage.
Le design des dispositifs d’automesure du sommeil
Authors: Calvignac Cédric 
Published: July 2022

Cet article porte sur l’analyse de brevets d’invention américains dédiés à la mesure et à la gestion du sommeil. Il s’intéresse plus précisément aux inventions permettant l’automesure du temps et de la qualité du sommeil par l’usage d’objets connectés (ou quantified sleep). L’objectif poursuivi consiste à rendre compte des transformations suggérées par ces inventions dans la prise en charge individuelle et collective d’un problème de santé publique majeur : celui du manque de sommeil. Une attention particulière sera ici portée à la façon dont ces technologies de quantification de soi (quantified self) appellent à une redistribution des responsabilités individuelles et collectives en matière de bien-être et de santé. Les solutions proposées participent-elles du mouvement général de « médicalisation du quotidien » ? De quelle manière ? Prévoient-elles de responsabiliser davantage l’individu, de lui permettre de devenir un acteur autonome de sa santé ? Comment intègrent-elles la consultation ou non d’un tiers expert ou médical ? Comment ces brevets d’invention du quantified sleep prennent-ils en considération les collectifs auxquels appartiennent les usagers (famille et entreprise notamment) ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet article propose des éléments de réponse à l’appui d’un travail documentaire de grande ampleur portant sur 614 demandes de brevets déposées auprès de l’United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Dynamiques des échanges numériques autour d’un sujet controversé : le cas du forum Homéopathie sur le site Doctissimo
Authors: DEMONCEAUX Sophie 
Published: July 2022

La controverse scientifique autour de l’homéopathie occupe une place importante en ligne : sur les réseaux sociaux, à travers les commentaires liés à des articles et sur les forums de discussion. Notre article s’intéresse aux interactions entre les participants du forum Homéopathie sur le site d’information santé Doctissimo. L’objectif est d’observer si la mise en débat d’un sujet controversé tel que l’homéopathie est possible sur ces dispositifs participatifs. Notre approche qualitative s’appuie sur la méthode de la théorisation ancrée : nous avons mené une analyse des publications faites en 2017 et 2018, années où le débat autour de la question du déremboursement était particulièrement vif. Après avoir présenté la particularité du terrain d’enquête et du corpus, nous verrons dans quelle mesure ce forum de discussion peut ou non être considéré comme un prolongement de l’espace public, une arène 2.0 permettant la mise en œuvre d’un débat entre internautes.
Cyberharcèlement au travail et messagerie électronique
Authors: DUPRÉ Delphine 
Published: July 2022

Cet article traite du phénomène du harcèlement au travail et vise à prolonger, à partir d’une enquête empirique, une réflexion initiée après une revue de la littérature sur ce thème publiée en 2018. Nous nous demandons de quelles manières la messagerie électronique s’inscrit dans un processus de harcèlement et contribue à le redéfinir. Nous avons collecté les témoignages de cadres intermédiaires qui s’estimaient victimes de harcèlement professionnel. L’analyse par théorisation ancrée de nos témoignages démontre qu’il existe une continuité entre le harcèlement en présentiel et le harcèlement par messagerie électronique. Les propriétés sociotechniques de la messagerie électronique contribuent également à redéfinir les traits saillants du harcèlement : l’intention de nuire, l’intensité des actes, la répétition et le déséquilibre des pouvoirs. Le recours aux courriels favorise également l’émergence de violences de groupe potentialisées par les ressources numériques. Nous observons enfin des phénomènes de discrimination amplifiés par les usages des courriels, qui conduisent à l’exclusion des publics vulnérables et « non-conformes ».
Intubation with Vivasight Double-Lumen Tube Versus Conventional Double-Lumen Tube in Adult Patients Undergoing Lung Resection
Authors: Granell Manuel , Petrini Giulia , Kot Pablo , Murcia Mercedes , Morales Javier , Guijarro Ricardo , de Andrés José A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The present study was designed to compare outcomes in patients undergoing thoracic surgery using the VivaSight double-lumen tube (VDLT) or the conventional double-lumen tube (cDLT).

Design:
A retrospective analysis of 100 patients scheduled for lung resection recruited over 21 consecutive months (January 2018–September 2019).

Setting:
Single-center university teaching hospital investigation.

Participants:
A randomized sample of 100 patients who underwent lung resection during this period were selected for the purpose to compare 50 patients in the VDLT group and 50 in the cDLT group.

Interventions:
After institutional review board approval, patients were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and we created a general database. The 100 patients have been chosen through a random process with the Microsoft Excel program (Microsoft 2018, Version 16.16.16).

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary endpoint of the study was to analyze the need to use fiberoptic bronchoscopy to confirm the correct positioning of VDLT or the cDLT used for lung isolation. Secondary endpoints were respiratory parameters, admission to the intensive care unit, length of hospitalization, postoperative complications, readmission, and 30-day mortality rate. The use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was lower in the VDLT group, and the size of the tube was smaller. The intraoperative respiratory and hemodynamics parameters were optimal. There were no other preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative differences between both groups.

Conclusions:
The VDLT reduces the need for fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and it seems that a smaller size is needed. Finally, VDLT is cost-effective using disposable fiberscopes.
Ethical and Clinical Dilemma from an Incidental Cardiac Lipoma in a Young and Healthy Patient
Authors: Barrera Llyod A. , Mondal Samhati 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Incidental cardiac tumors are rare and mostly detected on autopsy as patients largely remain asymptomatic. However, diagnosis of an incidental cardiac mass on unrelated workup can pose significant ethical and clinical challenge to the care team. Surgical resection has been the most successful intervention for most primary cardiac tumors; which involves cardiopulmonary bypass-assisted major surgery and is not risk free. Cardiac lipoma is the second most common primary cardiac benign tumor. We report a case of a young otherwise healthy patient who had a cardiac lipoma on computerized tomography scan that was done to rule out kidney stone.
Clinical Characteristics, Incidence, and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Stratified by New-onset Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Alabdulrazzaq Fajer , Al Jarallah Mohammed , Rajan Rajesh , Dashti Raja , Alasousi Nader , Kotevski Vladimir , Taha Mousa Ahmed Said , Tse Gary , Zhanna Kobalava D. , Setiya Parul , Al-Saber Ahmad , Brady Peter A. , Al Balool Joud 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) patients have not been reported in the Gulf region.

Objectives:
To define the baseline electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic, and computed tomographic findings of patients undergoing TAVI and analyze the predictors of developing new-onset persistent left bundle branch block (LBBB).

Methods:
Patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI between 2013 and 2021 at the Sabah Al-Ahmed Cardiac Centre in Al-Amiri Hospital in the state of Kuwait were included in this study. Baseline characteristics, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and preprocedural computed tomography data were extracted. The primary outcome was new-onset LBBB.

Results:
A total of 61 patients were included (65.6% females; mean age: 73.5 ± 9 years; baseline ejection fraction: 55.5% ± 9.7%). Of these, 18 developed new-onset LBBB. Those who developed LBBB tended to have lower ejection fraction (52.5 ± 9.6 vs. 56.8% ± 9.5%; P = 0.116). Those who developed LBBB were more likely to develop 1st degree atrioventricular block post-TAVI (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The incidence of new-onset LBBB post-TAVI was 29.5%. The new-onset LBBB group was more likely to develop conduction abnormalities requiring permanent pacemaker implantation.
Cardiovascular Research Mentorship Platforms
Authors: Ling Shum Yuki Ka , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , Baranchuk Adrian , Lee Sharen 
Published: July 2022

Background:
There has been increasing awareness on the issue of underrepresentation in academic cardiology. However, to date, most mentorship programs are not designed specifically tailored for future careers in cardiology or cardiovascular medicine. We present our 6-year experience in running two research mentorship platforms, the International Health Informatics Study Network and the Cardiovascular Analytics Group.

Objective:
To study the underrepresentation in academic cardiology.

Methods:
Researchers were prospectively recruited into the mentorship programs between September 2015 and September 2021. A combination of online mentorship approaches was employed, including one-to-one mentoring (between faculty and students and between peers), group mentorship, and teaching sessions. Outcomes included the number of publications related to cardiovascular medicine, including those with student members in key authorship positions, and students serving as mentors. Female representation was assessed.

Results:
A total of 117 researchers from 19 countries were recruited between September 2015 and September 2021, leading to the successful publication of 164 research articles on cardiovascular medicine or epidemiology. Students participated in 80% of the articles (n = 131). At least one student served as the first author in 34% of the articles (n = 56; at least one female student as the first author in 48% of the 56 articles; n = 27), as the senior author in 7.3% of the articles (n = 12), and as a mentor in 15% of the articles (n = 26; at least one female student served as a mentor in 42% of the 26 articles; n = 11). Female researchers occupied one of the four key authorship positions in 43% of the articles (n = 70; 47 female first authors; 10 female co-first authors; 6 female co-corresponding authors; and 17 female last authors). There was a 12% increase in the percentage of females in key authorship positions between the periods 2016–2018 and 2019–2021, from 47% (n = 33) and 53% (n = 37) of the 70 publications having at least one female in key authorship positions, respectively.

Conclusions:
Online-based mentorship programs can promote the development of independent research and leadership skills in students, with a positive impact on diversity, gender equity, inclusion, and productivity in cardiovascular research.
Pregnancy management and outcome in a woman with congenital unilateral lung agenesis
Authors: Angras Kajal , Charles Rachelle , Hatch Cherise , Movva Vani 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Congenital unilateral lung agenesis is a rare condition in which there is complete absence of one lung, in addition to the associated bronchus and pulmonary vasculature. It can be an isolated finding or present in conjunction with cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and skeletal malformations. Due to the increasing physiological demands on the body during gestation and parturition, this condition poses significant risks in individuals with this condition

Case:
A 26-year-old G1P0 with known right lung agenesis was managed with a multidisciplinary approach by obstetrics, maternal–foetal medicine, pulmonology and cardiology specialists. The patient subsequently had an uncomplicated pregnancy and vaginal delivery

Conclusion:
Multidisciplinary care led to an optimal pregnancy outcome in a woman with congenital unilateral lung agenesis. Women with this condition with normal baseline function have a good prognosis in pregnancy.
Care or neglect of burs
Authors: Pooja H. R. , Nagar Priya , Mascarenhas Andrea Natalia , Krishna Shree C. H. Chandana 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Burs are unique by virtue of their complex architecture which makes precleaning and sterilization difficult to achieve. Inadequate sterilization causes cross infection.

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of various sterilization methods of dental diamond burs commonly utilised in dental practice.

Methodology:
The current study was done to investigate the efficacy of four decontamination methods on fifty diamond burs. These burs were used among ten patients who were indicated for pulp therapy in primary deciduous molars. Access cavity preparation was prepared using dental burs and divided into five groups: Group I - being control group (unsterilized), Group II - Contaminated burs sterilized using 2% glutaraldehyde, Group III -Contaminated burs sterilized in autoclave, Group IV - Contaminated burs sterilized in ultraviolet steriliser, and Group V - Contaminated burs sterilized using 70% isopropyl alcohol. All the burs were immersed in the Brain − Heart Infusion broth, incubated for 24 h at 37°C to check the sterility of burs. Bacterial culture (Broth turbidity) was then measured for its optical density (OD) using the spectrophotometer. OD values reading were recorded and statistical analysis was done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney's post hoc TEST.

Results:
Among all decontamination methods, 2% glutaraldehyde and autoclave showed the most significant change in microbial load compared to the other group at P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Sterilization with 2% glutaraldehyde followed by autoclave of dental burs is the key step in achieving success in the endodontic procedures with less microbial load which determines the success of pulpectomy procedures.
Leptospirosis among Dengue-Negative Febrile Patients in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Loong Shih Keng , Abd-Majid Mohamad Azlan , Teoh Boon Teong , Cheh Mi Jing , Khor Chee Sieng , Chao Chien Chung , Khoo Jing Jing , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to Leptospira. Two hundred fifty-five blood samples were tested as negative for dengue. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were performed. From the samples, an overall prevalence for leptospirosis based on PCR of 4.7% (12/255) was obtained. Eighteen percent (46/255) were positive for anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies. The genome sequences of six of 12 Leptospira PCR-positive samples showed > 97.0% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. One patient’s sample consisted of Leptospira and chikungunya virus, suggesting a coinfection. Findings from the study suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent among dengue-negative febrile patients in Malaysia.