bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Morphological diversity and the addition of golden snail protein: Its effect on flavonoid content on Echinacea purpurea
Authors: Ferdyana Wina Chandra , Widiyastuti Yuli , Pujiasmanto Bambang , Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Yunus Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Ferdyana WC, Widiyastuti Y, Pujiasmanto B, Sakya AT, Yunus A. 2021. Short Communication: Morphological diversity and the addition of golden snail protein: Its effect on flavonoid content on Echinacea purpurea. Biodiversitas 23: 62-66. Echinacea purpurea is a subtropical medicinal plant that contains flavonoids. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and immunomodulators. However, information on the method to increase flavonoid content in E. purpurea is still limited. The golden snail protein increases flavonoid content. The purpose of this study was to determine the best accession and optimal concentration of golden snail protein on biomass production and flavonoid content in E. purpurea. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was three accessions of E. purpurea (A1, A2, A3); the second factor was 5 levels of the addition of golden snail protein (0 mL/L/week, 10 mL/L/week, 20 mL/L/week, 30 mL/L/week, and 40 mL /L/week). There were differences in morphological characters of three E. purpurea accessions, i.e., stem and the shape of the flower crown. Accession 2 had the highest flavonoid content except for the 10 mL/L/week treatment. The highest increase in flavonoid content in three accessions was obtained in the treatment of 10 mL/L/week gold snail protein by 19% flavonoid content compared to control treatment (0 mL/L/week). The concentration of 0 mL/l/week or control had the lowest flavonoid content.
Formation mechanism of blemishes in a fiber-optic imaging element
Authors: Jiao Peng , Zhou Kaichao , Huang Yonggang , Zhao Ran , Zhang Yang , Wang Yun , Fu Yang , Wang Jiuwang , Zhou You , Du Yajie , Jia Jinsheng 
Published: February 2022

A rigid fiber-optic imaging element with high fidelity, high resolution, and high contrast is applied in low-level-light night vision and particle detection devices. Any optical fiber in elements is an image transmission unit. However, the independence and integrity of image transmission are disturbed constantly, resulting in blemishes. This paper studies the formation mechanism of the blemishes of rigid fiber-optic imaging elements. The existence of defects with different sizes in or among the optical fibers, and fiber deformation decreasing light transmission ability are simulated theoretically. Then experiments are carried out to verify the simulation results. It is theoretically concluded that a blemish forms when the equivalent sphere radius (

R

E
S

) of a stone defect is greater than 1.2 µm in a normal fiber, and 1.1 µm in a taper fiber. The

R

E
S

of a bubble defect is greater than 1.3 µm in the fiber, which can form blemishes. Excessive deformation of fibers behaving as a clad layer with thickness less than 0.3 µm also results in the formation of blemishes. When fiber deformation and the existence of stone are considered, blemishes can occur as long as the size of the stone defect among the fibers is greater than 0.823 µm. The results provide data support and theoretical guidance in solving blemishes and other fixed pattern noises, and significantly improve the engineering and application level of fiber-optic imaging elements.
Antibody microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteomes in women with cervical insufficiency and short cervix, and their association with pregnancy latency length
Authors: Hong Subeen , Park Kyo Hoon , Lee Young Eun , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Yu Mi , Joo Eunwook , Cho Iseop 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
This study aimed to investigate amniotic fluid (AF) proteins that were differentially expressed between patients with cervical insufficiency (CI) and asymptomatic short cervix (SCX, ≤ 25 mm), and whether these proteins could be predictive of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) in these patients.

Method
This was a retrospective cohort study of 129 singleton pregnant women with CI (n = 80) or SCX (n = 49) at 17 to 26 weeks who underwent amniocentesis. An antibody microarray was used to perform comparative proteomic profiling of AF from matched CI (n = 20) and SCX (n = 20) pregnancies. In the total cohort, an ELISA validation study was performed for 15 candidate proteins of interest. Subgroup analyses of patients with CI and SCX were conducted to evaluate the association between the 15 proteins and SPTB at < 32 weeks of gestation.

Results
Eighty-six proteins showed intergroup differences. ELISA validation confirmed significantly higher levels of AF EN-RAGE, IL-8, lipocalin-2, MMP-9, S100A8/A9, thrombospondin-2, and TNFR2 in patients with CI than in those with SCX. Multivariable analysis showed that increased AF levels of EN-RAGE, S100A8/A9, and uPA were independently associated with SPTB at < 32 weeks in patients with CI; whereas in patients with SCX, high AF levels of APRIL, EN-RAGE, LBP, and TNFR2 were independently associated with SPTB at < 32 weeks.

Conclusions
Multiple AF proteins show altered expression in patients with CI compared with SCX controls. Moreover, several novel mediators involved in inflammation were identified as potential biomarkers for predicting SPTB after the diagnosis of CI and SCX. These results provide new insights into target-specific molecules for targeted therapies to prevent SPTB in patients with CI/SCX.
Airbnb y la turistificación de los barrios en las ciudades: un análisis de segmentación por barrios de alojamiento extrahotelero en Madrid
Authors: Cerdá-Mansilla Elena , Rubio Natalia , García-Henche Blanca , Campo Sara 
Published: February 2022

La disrupción generada por la economía inteligente y por la economía colaborativa en el entorno exige la capacidad de reinventarse a los destinos turísticos y partes interesadas. Se detecta la necesidad de un nuevo modelo de destino turístico inteligente que integre las 3’s (Smart, Share y Sustainability). Mediante el estudio de caso de Madrid, se ilustra el impacto de los alojamientos turísticos de Airbnb en el territorio mediante determinados indicadores cuantitativos. Por medio de un análisis clúster se realizan diversas agrupaciones de los distritos, en función de distintos indicadores (nº de alojamientos, nº de alojamientos/ y precio medio de los alojamientos) que permiten medir el grado de impacto de los alojamientos turísticos de alquiler (Airbnb) en el territorio. Se complementa el análisis de los alquileres turísticos, agrupando los distritos en función del precio de los alquileres destinados a uso permanente (Fotocasa), a fin de tener una imagen más fidedigna de la vivienda en alquiler en la capital española. Por último, se sugieren distintas soluciones para la descongestión de determinados distritos, resaltando la posibilidad del uso de inteligencia artificial mediante algoritmos para una gestión eficaz de los destinos; así como se acentúa la importancia de guiar las actuaciones gubernamentales hacia la sostenibilidad del destino.
Sustainability as listening: soundscape versus sensoryscape
Authors: Palmese Cristina , Carles Jossé Luis 
Published: February 2022

Resumen: La crisis ambiental y la emergencia sanitaria que estamos viviendo nos muestran la necesidad urgente de cambiar nuestros hábitos y al mismo tiempo la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones que tengan en cuenta la complejidad de las relaciones entre Ser Humano y Medio para mejor enfrentarnos a estos retos contemporáneos. Con este artículo planteamos el valor del sonido y de lo sensorial, considerando importante una revisión crítica y redefinición de la relación entre ser humano y naturaleza. Ponemos en evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar metodologías que tengan en cuenta lo sonoro, lo subjetivo, lo emocional, y la creación de nuevas redes de conexión entre disciplinas, consolidando así el pensamiento pluridisciplinar ya ampliamente aceptado en nuestra cultura. Tres proyectos desarrollan metodologías pluridisciplinares para la puesta en valor del ambiente sonoro, integrando los aspectos subjetivos en los estudios de estética del paisaje, teniendo además en perspectiva la sensibilización ciudadana al ambiente sonoro, la educación ambiental integral y el propiciar acciones participativas.
Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence: The Importance of Sham
Authors: Wald Arnold 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sacral neuromodulation has become an established treatment for fecal incontinence unresponsive to conservative measures. However, it requires surgical implantation and is expensive. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) has been suggested as a minimally invasive and less expensive alternative on the basis of uncontrolled studies. The study by Zyczynski et al. compared active PTNS with a sham control group of women with fecal incontinence. Similar to previous studies, active PTNS provided benefits to treated patients but were not different from the sham group. This study highlights the need for rigorously performed controlled studies of neuromodulation for anorectal disorders.
A Study of Character
Authors: Casewell Deborah 
Published: February 2022

In the later, ethically oriented writings of the philosopher Simone Weil, she develops her concept of attention. This involves using the body to train the mind and thus the soul, into an open, receptive state. This state is the first condition for any ethical action to take place. This article explores how Weil’s account of attention can provide a new perspective in philosophical and theological engagement with psychology, first in terms of moral psychology and virtue ethics, and second in statements on the malleability or plasticity of human nature. As Weil sees that human nature’s stress on activity tends to lead to suffering rather than ethical action, she proposes not ethical action per se, but an ethical attitude of attention instead. Habit-formation and character development can thus be approached differently as cultivating a state of openness rather than of particular virtues. This article will therefore explore the relationship of theology and psychology in terms of human nature as irremediably situated but also psychologically receptive for restoration.
Case Study Experiences on Active Learning Methods in Germany
Authors: Tudevdagva Uranchimeg , Heller Ariane , Hardt Wolfram 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article describes the implementation of active learning methods in engineering courses. The implementation was part of the activities of the international Erasmus project DriveMATH, which ran between 2017 and 2020. The active learning methods eduScrum, JigSaw, problem based learning, practical and team-based learning were used for courses for the master’s degree at Chemnitz University of Technology. Research seminar computer science, research internship and internship automotive software engineering were selected as courses for implementation. The students were invited to participate in the implementation on a voluntary basis. At the end of the implementation, the project team asked the students for feedback in the form of an evaluation survey. Criteria for the evaluation were developed in the team of the partner universities of the project. The data obtained were evaluated with the help of the structure-oriented evaluation model (SURE model).
“If it stops, then I’ll start worrying.” Humor as part of the fire service culture, specifically as part of coping with critical incidents
Authors: Dangermond Karin , Weewer Ricardo , Duyndam Joachim , Machielse Anja 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Firefighters are reluctant to talk about firefighters’ humor with outsiders. This closed attitude has led to a lack of understanding of this important coping strategy in the outside world. It is not clear how firefighters experience humor and its role as part of the fire service culture and why they consider humor to be important when coping with critical incidents. Data has been collected by means of 20 participant observations and 72 interviews with Dutch firefighters from 37 different fire stations. Joking culture and joviality are important elements of the Dutch fire service culture. Firefighter humor usually creates unity, but can also lead to exclusion. Whether a joke is perceived as funny depends on who makes the joke, the moment, the content, and the frequency of the joke. Black humor is used as a means to start a conversation and, indirectly, to make it possible to discuss emotions and it tends to positively influence group dynamics. However, black humor is absent in the case of certain critical incidents because of personal boundaries and unwritten rules. The absence of humor is a sign for the crew commander to pay extra attention to coping.
Producing super-hydrophobic surfaces with nano-silica spheres
Authors: Klein Rob J. , Maarten Biesheuvel P. , Yu Ben C. , Meinhart Carl D. , Lange Fred F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Polycrystalline alumina substrates were dip-coated in dilute suspensions formed with dispersed, nano-silica particles. The fractional surface coverage of the alumina substrate was varied between ≈ 0.05 to ≈ 0.4 by changing concentration of particles in the silica slurry. After a heat treatment to partially sinter the particles to the surface, the surface was made hydrophobic by a reaction with a solution containing fluorosilane molecules. Wetting measurements showed that the contact angle between the surface and water droplets increased with decreasing area coverage of nano-silica spheres, consistent with a previous theory, modified here to include the pressure of the water droplet. The modification of the theory predicts that the super-hydrophobic effect disappears when the particles become too widely spaced, causing the pressure of the water droplet to spontaneously wet the substrate.
A re-examination of the liquidus surface of the Al–Fe–Ti system
Authors: Ducher R. , Stein F. , Viguier B. , Palm M. , Lacaze J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The liquidus surface of the Al –Fe –Ti system has been reexamined. 34 different alloys have been studied by differential thermal analysis, and the temperatures of invariant reactions have been determined. By examining the as-cast samples by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectrometry in a scanning electron microscope, the crystal structures and chemical compositions of the primary phases and two-phase aggregates have been established. In some cases, additional investigations were carried out in the transmission electron microscope. From the combined results of these investigations the solidification paths of the alloys were established leading to a revised representation of the liquidus surface of the Al –Fe –Ti system. A reaction scheme has been set up which shows phase equilibria that are consistent with previous solid-state isothermal sections.
Diffusion in polymer-derived Si–(B–)C–N ceramics, particularly amorphous Si29B9C41N21
Authors: Voss Thilo , Strohm Andreas , Frank Werner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe diffusion coefficients (D) of implanted radioisotopes –71Ge,31Si, and11C – in the polymer-derived amorphous (a-)Si29B9C41N21ceramic have been measured as functions of temperature (T) in different as-pyrolysed states (71Ge) or after pre-diffusion annealing at 1600 °C for 2 h (71Ge,31Si, and11C) by means of radiotracer techniques, in which serial sectioning was done by ion-beam sputtering. In the cases of31Si (half-lifet1/2= 2.6 h) and11C (t1/2= 20.4 min), implantation, diffusion annealing, and sputter-sectioning were done on beamline andin situof a novel set-up specially constructed for diffusion studies of short-lived radiotracer atoms. In all cases, theT-dependencies ofDare of Arrhenius type. Comparing the Arrhenius parameters ofD(71Ge) to previous data on diffusion in (B-free) a-Si28C36N36, it is concluded that the diffusion of71Ge in the a-Si29B9C41N21ceramic is controlled by vacancies in its a-Si3N4 –yCyphase which become increasingly smeared out when the C-contentydecreases as a result of pre-annealing. The coincidence ofD(31Si) andD(11C) in pre-annealed a-Si29B9C41N21at all temperatures investigated is enforced by vacancy-mediated diffusion through SiC crystallites embedded in the a-Si3N4 –yCyphase.
Discontinuous precipitation of a liquid in Cu-base alloys – nucleation and growth mechanisms
Authors: Gupta Shant P. , Goutam Satish K. , Suresh Babu P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The morphology of discontinuous precipitation of a liquid has been studied in Cu-9.5 at.% In and Cu-7.5 at.% Sn alloys. The transformation of a supersaturated solid solution (αo) was carried out in the two-phase (α + liquid) field. A lamellar structure, consisting of alternate solute-depleted (α) and liquid phases, has been observed to grow from grain boundaries of the supersaturated αo. The nucleation of the liquid droplets occurred at grain boundaries as two hemispherical caps abutted at the original grain boundary positions. A thin liquid film replaced the grain boundary and started migrating as the transformation progressed.
The lamellae multiplication occurred by nucleation of new lamellae at the migrating front. The lamellae multiplication also occurred by nucleation of new lamellae at mid-lines between the liquid lamellae where the interlamellar spacing was large. A cylindrical loop of liquid formed behind a migrating liquid film, resulting into double-seam morphology and an irregular lamellar structure on one side of the original grain boundary. The liquid film also migrated in the shape of sine wave when the liquid film between neighbouring droplets migrated in opposite directions near the original grain boundary. This has resulted in double-seam morphology with a regular lamellar structure.
Auswirkung von Ausscheidungen auf das bestrahlungsinduzierte Schwellverhalten und die Hochtemperaturversprödung in dem austenitischen Stahl X10 CrNiMoTiB 15 15
Authors: Ehrlich K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Den durch thermo-mechanische Vorbehandlung erzeugten Titankarbidauscheidungen vom Typ TiC sowie anderen Phasen wird in dem austenitischen Stahl X10 CrNiMoTiB 1515 mit der Werkstoffnummer 1.4970 eine positive Rolle bei der Reduzierung der bestrahlungsinduzierten Porenbildung und He-Versprödung zugesprochen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch, dass Titankarbide unter Bestrahlung in diesem Werkstoff nur oberhalb etwa 520 °C stabil bleiben, dort zur Rückhaltung von Helium in der Matrix beitragen und damit zu einer Minderung der Hochtemperaturversprödung durch Helium führen können. Unterhalb dieser Temperaturgrenze wird die Auflösung von Titankarbiden und die Bildung neuartiger, unter Bestrahlung stabiler Phasen, wie Ni3Si und NiSi, beobachtet. Sie haben einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Porenbildung und das Schwellverhalten unter Bestrahlung.
Structural evolution during the cycling of NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Hurley Jay , Ortega Alicia M. , Lechniak Jason , Gall Ken , Maier Hans J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The structural evolution in NiTi shape memory alloys subjected to pseudoelastic cycling is examined in the present study. Single crystals with [100] and [111] orientations were subjected to repeated compressive cycles and then studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM observations were made at cycle numbers 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 since the majority of degradation occurs during these initial cycle numbers. Under compression, single crystals with [111] orientations degraded much faster than crystals with [100] orientations. Under tension, single crystals with [100] orientations fractured in the elastic region, and crystals with [111] orientations showed considerable degradation as a function of cycling. Intermittent TEM observations on single crystals oriented along the [111] direction showed an increase in dislocation density on multiple active slip systems as a function of cycling. Single crystals oriented along the [100] orientation show a less dramatic increase in dislocation density as a function of cycling. TEM observations have revealed that dislocation structures formed near martensite plates have a similar periodicity as internal twin modes within the martensite. This observation implies that, although the interface between the martensite and parent phase is a low-energy boundary, the local disruptions due to internal twins create preferential nucleation sites for the formation of lattice defects.
Phase transformations due to isochronal annealing of Mg – rare earth – Sc–Mn squeeze cast alloys
Authors: Smolaa Bohumil , Stulíková Ivana , Pelcová Jitka , von Buch Frank , Leslie Mordike Barry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnesium alloys containing rare earths (Gd, Y, Ce, ≈3– 10 wt.%), Sc (< 1 wt.%) and Mn (≈1 wt.%) were squeeze cast. Electrical resistivity and hardness responses to isochronal annealing were measured in the range 20 –580 °C and phase changes responsible were identified by transmission electron microscopy. In alloys containing Gd and Y simultaneous precipitation of three phases takes place, namely the metastable c-base-centred orthorhombic phase (Mg–Y, Mg–Gd) in the form of prismatic plates, the thermally stable hexagonal Mn2Sc phase in the form of fine basal discs and a metastable hexagonal coherent phase, containing Mn and Y or Gd, in the form of very thin basal plates (missing in the Mg alloy with 10 wt.% Gd). In the Ce-containing alloy the Mg12Ce tetragonal phase, present after casting in various forms, transforms into a rod-like form. Simultaneously, fine Mn2Sc discs precipitate on basal planes and the grain boundary eutectic transforms to the equilibrium phases.
Microstructure of die-cast alloys Mg–Zn–Al(–Ca): a study by electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Vogel Michael , Kraft Oliver , Staron Peter , Clemens Helmut , Rauh Rainer , Arzt Eduard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe microstructure of a magnesium die-cast alloy with 8 wt.% Zn and 5 wt.% Al (ZA85) and of two alloy modifications with 0.3 and 0.9 wt.% Ca (ZACa8503 and ZACa8509) are compared. Optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the microstructure in as-cast and annealed conditions. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements were carried out to characterize the early stages of the precipitation process. The die-cast microstructure of ZA85, ZACa8503 and ZACa8509 consists of dendritic α-Mg grains and coarse intermetallic grain-boundary phases. In the Ca-free ZA85 alloy, grain boundaries are decorated with a quasi-crystalline phase with icosahedral point-group symmetry (I phase), a metastable modification of the equilibriumτphase (Mg32(Al, Zn)49). At the grain boundaries of the Ca-containing ZA85 alloys, small amounts of the stable cubicτphase Mg32(Al, Zn, Ca)49as well as Al2(Ca, Zn) phase, were detected in addition to the I phase. In the as-cast condition, regions supersaturated with Al and Zn were found to surround the α-Mg grains and to becomeτphase precipitation sites during high-temperature annealing in all alloys investigated. TEM and SANS measurements revealed no influence of Ca on the size distribution and the coarsening rate of the precipitates, which are formed by a continuous precipitation process.