bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of environment on combining ability, heterosis for seed cotton yield in Bt introgressed lines of upland cotton
Authors: Samak Ashwini , Rajeswari S. , Ravikesavan R. , Lokanadhan Subbalakshmi , Ganapathy N. , Kini Ampar Vittalaraya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuccessful hybrid development work in cotton involves unearthing information of combining ability, heterosis and per se performance of the genetic material. This study involved multi‐environment estimation of combining ability and heterosis along with the stability of per se performance using Bt cotton genetic materials for seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield. Combining ability analysis across environments showed significant effects on the performance of genotypes, general combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca), genotype × environment, GCA × environment, and SCA × environment interactions. Combining ability variance revealed the predominance of nonadditive gene actions for seed cotton yield. The mean performance combining ability estimates were varied with the locations for parents as well as for hybrids. In a low yielding environment, the transgenic BGI parents, as well as hybrids, showed superior seed cotton yield levels compared with BGII or non‐Bt versions. There was a significant increase in heterosis noticed in BGII hybrids compared with BGI hybrids in a low yielding environment. The stability parameters showed significant genotype × environment variation and indicated that the stability of the genotype was mainly affected by the genetic background of the material. A positive association was noticed between per se performance and gca effects, heterobeltiosis and sca, and heterobeltiosis and mean of hybrids as the environment`s yield potential increased. The majority of the Bt hybrids showed positive heterosis over a better parent. Among the two versions of Bt transgenic cotton, BGI excelled in per se performance and gca and sca effects for seed cotton yield either in the homozygous form or hemizygous hybrids.
Deep residual inception encoder‐decoder network for amyloid PET harmonization
Authors: Shah Jay , Gao Fei , Li Baoxin , Ghisays Valentina , Luo Ji , Chen Yinghua , Lee Wendy , Zhou Yuxiang , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Reiman Eric M. , Chen Kewei , Su Yi , Wu Teresa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMultiple positron emission tomography (PET) tracers are available for amyloid imaging, posing a significant challenge to consensus interpretation and quantitative analysis. We accordingly developed and validated a deep learning model as a harmonization strategy.MethodA Residual Inception Encoder‐Decoder Neural Network was developed to harmonize images between amyloid PET image pairs made with Pittsburgh Compound‐B and florbetapir tracers. The model was trained using a dataset with 92 subjects with 10‐fold cross validation and its generalizability was further examined using an independent external dataset of 46 subjects.ResultsSignificantly stronger between‐tracer correlations (P < .001) were observed after harmonization for both global amyloid burden indices and voxel‐wise measurements in the training cohort and the external testing cohort.DiscussionWe proposed and validated a novel encoder‐decoder based deep model to harmonize amyloid PET imaging data from different tracers. Further investigation is ongoing to improve the model and apply to additional tracers.
Characterization of gene expression patterns in mild cognitive impairment using a transcriptomics approach and neuroimaging endophenotypes
Authors: Bharthur Sanjay Apoorva , Patania Alice , Yan Xiaoran , Svaldi Diana , Duran Tugce , Shah Niraj , Nemes Sara , Chen Eric , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIdentification of novel therapeutics and risk assessment in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crucial aspect of addressing this complex disease. We characterized gene‐expression patterns at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to identify critical mRNA measures and gene clusters associated with AD pathogenesis.MethodsWe used a transcriptomics approach, integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and peripheral blood‐based gene expression data using persistent homology (PH) followed by kernel‐based clustering.ResultsWe identified three clusters of genes significantly associated with diagnosis of amnestic MCI. The biological processes associated with each cluster were mitochondrial function, NF‐kB signaling, and apoptosis. Cluster‐level associations with cortical thickness displayed canonical AD‐like patterns. Driver genes from clusters were also validated in an external dataset for prediction of amyloidosis and clinical diagnosis.DiscussionWe found a disease‐relevant transcriptomic signature sensitive to prodromal AD and identified a subset of potential therapeutic targets associated with AD pathogenesis.
Protein phosphatase 2A and complement component 4 are linked to the protective effect of APOE ɛ2 for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jun Gyungah R. , You Yang , Zhu Congcong , Meng Gaoyuan , Chung Jaeyoon , Panitch Rebecca , Hu Junming , Xia Weiming ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, Bennett David A. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Wang Li‐San , Haines Jonathan L. , Mayeux Richard , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Au Rhoda , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Ikezu Tsuneya , Stein Thor D. , Farrer Lindsay A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ2 allele reduces risk against Alzheimer's disease (AD) but mechanisms underlying this effect are largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a genome‐wide association study for AD among 2096 ɛ2 carriers. The potential role of the top‐ranked gene and complement 4 (C4) proteins, which were previously linked to AD in ɛ2 carriers, was investigated using human isogenic APOE allele‐specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived neurons and astrocytes and in 224 neuropathologically examined human brains.ResultsPPP2CB rs117296832 was the second most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism among ɛ2 carriers (P = 1.1 × 10−7) and the AD risk allele increased PPP2CB expression in blood (P = 6.6 × 10−27). PPP2CB expression was correlated with phosphorylated tau231/total tau ratio (P = .01) and expression of C4 protein subunits C4A/B (P = 2.0 × 10−4) in the iPSCs. PPP2CB (subunit of protein phosphatase 2A) and C4b protein levels were correlated in brain (P = 3.3 × 10−7).DiscussionPP2A may be linked to classical complement activation leading to AD‐related tau pathology.
Total Synthesis and Stereochemistry Assignment of Nucleoside Antibiotic A‐94964
Authors: Shao Xiaofei , Zheng Chang , Xu Peng , Shiraishi Taro , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Molinaro Antonio , Silipo Alba , Yu Biao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA collective total synthesis of eight diastereoisomers associated with NMR analysis leads to a full stereochemistry assignment of the structurally unique nucleoside antibiotic A‐94964, which features an octuronic acid uridine core decorated with an α‐D‐mannopyranosyl residue and an α‐D‐N‐acylglucosaminopyranosyl residue via a phosphodiester bridge.
Fluorination and Betaine Modification Augment the Blood–Brain Barrier‐Crossing Ability of Cylindrical Polymer Brushes
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Yang Shuo , Xiao Panpan , Sun Ying , Li Jia , Jiang Xiqun , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB)‐crossing ability of drugs is of paramount importance for the treatments of central nervous system diseases. However, the known methods for drug transport across the BBB are generally complicated and inefficient, and exhibit serious side effects in some cases. Herein, we report an exciting finding that fluorination and betaine modification can significantly augment the BBB‐crossing ability of cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs), which was demonstrated by the comparison with the CPBs modified with alkyl and poly(ethylene glycol) chains, respectively. We surmise that fluorination enhances the BBB penetration of the CPBs by increasing the hydrophobicity and reducing the surface energy, and betaine medication achieves this function via a betaine transporter BGT1 expressed on brain capillaries. By means of an in vitro BBB model, we demonstrated that the CPBs penetrated the BBB through transendothelial transport. This work provides a novel strategy for enhancing the BBB‐crossing ability of nanomaterials.
Cellulose nanofibrils/polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanoparticles composite hydrogel: Preparation and its catalyst degradation performance of cationic dye
Authors: Li Yuhang , Luan Yunhao , Liu Wanyi , Wang Cong , Cao Hui , Liu Pengtao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetal nanoparticles play an essential role in catalyzing the degradation of dyes in industrial wastewater. In order to improve the catalytic reduction and discoloration performance of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to cationic dyes and facilitate recovery, we report an improved method to prepare cellulose nanofibrils/polyvinyl alcohol (CNF/PVA) porous composite hydrogel and use it to support metal nanoparticles. Silver ions were reduced to Ag NPs by the in situ reduction method after being adsorbed on the surface of the hydrogel by electrostatic adsorption, and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 136.4 mg/g. The obtained CNF/PVA/Ag NPs (CPA) composite hydrogel was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficient utilization of composite hydrogel as a container in the discoloration of methylene blue (cationic dye) and methyl orange (cationic dye) in the presence of NaBH4. The hydrogel was quickly recovered and reused without a decrease in activity for five cycles. It showed fantastic potential in water resources protection and catalytic application.
Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic and role in immune cell infiltration of MSR1 expression in lower‐grade gliomas
Authors: Ji Qiankun , Huang Kai , Jiang Yuan , Lei Kunjian , Tu Zewei , Luo Haitao , Zhu Xingen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic effects of conventional treatment on gliomas are not promising. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a close association with the invasiveness of multiple types of tumors, including low‐grade gliomas (LGG). This study aims to validate the prognostic and immune‐related role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in LGG patients.MethodsData in this study were obtained from public databases. The differential expression of MSR1 was analyzed in LGG patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, a time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of MSR1. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the high and low expression groups of MSR1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to annotate the function of these DEGs. Hallmark gene sets were identified based on MSR1 by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Difference analysis and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between MSR1 and TME‐related scores, tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), immune‐related gene sets, and immune checkpoints (ICPs). The single‐cell sequencing data were processed to identify the cell types expressing MSR1. The quantification of TIICs in TME was calculated by single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The differential expression of MSR1 in LGG and control brain tissues was verified by experiments.ResultsThere were significant differences in the expression level of MSR1 in different types of tissues and cells. MSR1 has a high prognostic value in LGG patients and can be used as an independent prognostic factor. MSR1 is closely related to TME and may play an important role in the immunotherapy of LGG patients.ConclusionsThe result of our study demonstrated that MSR1 is an independent prognostic biomarker in LGG patients and may play an important role in the TME of LGGs.
Developing a statistical model for assessment of referrals of children at risk
Authors: Søbjerg Lene Mosegaard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncluding statistical models in assessment of referrals about children at risk holds promising aspects. This article presents results from an empirical pilot study developing and testing a statistical decision support system in the form of a predictive risk model.The study involved mixed methods and included 208 referrals assessed by 13 social workers in two municipalities in Denmark. The research design involved comparing risk scores provided by the social workers before and after they received a score generated by the model. Social workers' perception of the model was studied through qualitative interviews before, during and after the test. The quantitative results of the study show that presenting a statistical risk score to social workers only marginally changes their initial assessment of a referral. In contrast, the qualitative findings appeared to show that social workers are ready to include statistics in the decision‐making process, but that some elements need to be considered. These include the definition of risk being used and the linking of this definition with the available data as well as the needs of the social workers. It is important to remember that a statistical model can support – not define – the assessment. Statistical decision support systems based on predictive risk models might prove rewarding in providing more accurate and homogeneous assessments in child protection. Important issues to consider when developing a model are the definition of risk, the data available to the model and communication of the risk calculated. Risk assessments are based on uncertainties and while statistics might limit the uncertainty, data do not eliminate ambiguity of risk assessment. Social workers should engage in the development of statistical tools, but it is important to acknowledge that decisions should always be made by the professional, not the model.
A case of anisakiasis in the sigmoid colon
Authors: Nakamura Hajime , Takanashi Kunihiro , Morita Rie , Sakurada Akira , Hirata Yuya , Komatsu Yuya , Katsuki Shinichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractColonic anisakiasis is rare because most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach. An accurate diagnosis is sometimes difficult because of the rarity and symptom nonspecificity. We should consider the possibility of colonic anisakiasis when examining patients who have a history of consuming raw fish.
Investigation of fracture behavior of typical refractory materials up to service temperatures
Authors: Brochen Erwan , Dannert Christian , Paul Juliane , Krause Olaf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn service, refractory linings experience thermal stresses typically exceeding their mechanical strength. However, this does not lead to the catastrophic failure of modern well‐designed refractory linings. They rather undergo a more or less stepwise wear process and typically retain their structural stability despite existing substantial damage. Classic mechanical tests, such as modulus of rupture measurements that solely consider the maximum strength right before catastrophic fracture occurs are thereby inappropriate to quantify the resistance to damage of refractory products.Despite significant advancements in the theoretical description of fracture process and resistance to damages of refractory materials, there is still a lack of empirical data and scientific studies regarding the fracture behavior of typical refractory materials, especially at high temperature. Wedge splitting measurements, which proved very efficient to investigate the fracture behavior of refractory materials, were performed up to 1500°C on four typical refractory materials and supported by microscopic investigations.All investigated refractory materials display a rather brittle behavior below 900°C. While the high alumina brick almost remains in this state up to at least 1500°C but gets mechanically weakened above 1400°C, the cement bonded high alumina castable displays a drastic increase of its specific fracture energy above 1100°C and no substantial loss of strength. This strongly suggests a brittle‐to‐ductile transition. The andalusite and silica bricks also seem to experience a brittle‐to‐ductile transition, even at lower temperature than for the high alumina castable; however as the andalusite brick gets dramatically weakened by the formation of liquid phase, its specific fracture energy collapses as well above 1100°C. Much more surprisingly, silica bricks see their specific fracture energy strongly rising at about 1000°C, but falling again above 1100°C while retaining substantial strength, hence coming back to a rather brittle state.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 promotes the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle 25B pathway and is associated with a poor prognosis
Authors: Li Yixuan , Yao Fan , Jiao Zan , Su Xuan , Wu Tong , Peng Jin , Yang Zhongyuan , Chen Weichao , Yang Ankui 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in regulating the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).MethodsThe authors used multiple methods to detect the levels of CDK5 expression in samples of TSCC and to explore the relation between CDK5 expression and various clinicopathologic factors. In vivo and in vitro cell experiments were performed to detect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TSCC cells with CDK5 knockdown or overexpression. These studies verified that CDK5 regulates the occurrence and development of TSCC cells through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle 25B pathway.ResultsAn elevated level of CDK5 expression in TSCC tissues was identified as an independent risk factor affecting TSCC growth and patient prognosis. Patients who had TSCC with low levels of CDK5 expression had a higher survival rate than those with high levels. Knockdown of CDK5 reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the authors observed that CDK5 regulated the growth of TSCC through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle C25B pathway.ConclusionsCDK5 functions as an oncogene in TSCC and might serve as a molecular marker for use in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC.Lay Summary

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is 1 of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the survival rate of patients with tongue cancer has been very low.

Therefore, it is important to study the molecular mechanism of TSCC progression to identify biomarkers that can be used to improve its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is an atypical member of the cyclin‐dependent kinase family and is involved in regulating the cell cycle.

Changes in the cell cycle are of great significance for the occurrence and development of tumor cells; and, in recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that CDK5 exists in a disordered state in cancer cells.

In this study, the authors demonstrate that CDK5 functions as an oncogene in TSCC and might serve as a molecular marker for use in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC.
Analysis of early pleural fluid samples in patients with mesothelioma: A case series exploration of morphology, BAP1, and CDKN2A status with implications for the concept of mesothelioma in situ in cytology
Authors: Louw Amber , van Vliet Chris , Peverall Joanne , Colkers Shane , Acott Nathan , Creaney Jenette , Lee Y. C. Gary , Chai Siaw Ming 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUNDThe concept of mesothelioma in situ has been revisited and is a new World Health Organization diagnostic entity. The definition centers on ancillary techniques used in pleural mesothelioma (PM) assessment. At the authors' institution, most PM diagnoses are made on cytologic specimens. Effusion samples obtained before definitive PM diagnosis were interrogated using BRCA1‐associated protein 1 gene (BAP1), cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A gene (CDKN2A) and cytologic evaluation to assess whether early or possible in situ disease could be characterized.METHODSAll cases of PM diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2019 were identified at a tertiary referral center. Patients who had a pleural fluid sample collected 24 months before the diagnosis were selected, numbering 8 in total. The cytomorphology of each sample was reviewed; and, retrospectively, BAP1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and CDKN2A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on initial and diagnostic samples.RESULTSThe initial samples were deemed benign in 5 cases and atypical mesothelial proliferations in 3 cases. A spectrum of apparently normal to atypical cytomorphologic changes was identified. BAP1 loss was present in 6 of 8 initial cases, whereas CDKN2A homozygous deletion was identified in 1 of 7 initial cases. Either abnormality was identified in 7 of 8 initial samples.CONCLUSIONSDetectable abnormalities of BAP1 IHC and CDKN2A FISH were present in pleural fluid specimens before the development of cytomorphologic features diagnostic of PM. This is the largest series to date describing cytology samples early in the course of PM development, thereby highlighting a possible cytological equivalent for mesothelioma in situ.
Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis of Organic‐Modified Ce1‐xZrxO2‐δ (0≤x≤1) Nanoparticles as a Low‐Temperature Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Yoko Akira , Kamonvarapitak Thunyapong , Seong Gimyeong , Tomai Takaaki , Adschiri Tadafumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, organic surface‐modified Ce1‐xZrxO2‐δ nanoparticles were synthesized using supercritical hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis results indicated Zr intake into the CeO2 lattice and vice versa. Results obtained from thermogravimetric analysis proved surface modification of Ce1‐xZrxO2‐δ nanoparticles with carboxylic acids. Decreased particle size caused by surface modification along with induction of Zr into the CeO2 lattice was found. Extraordinarily high oxygen storage capacity was obtained at low temperatures with a 70%‐Zr loading sample, which showed 337.0 μmol‐O/g at 200 °C and 530.1 μmol‐O/g at 250 °C. High oxygen mobility in the oxide originated from the small particle size and size control effects by surface modification, together with the great amount of defect sites enabled by Zr substitution. Taken together, these results suggest that this is a promising material for use as an oxygen carrier to support low‐temperature chemical looping process. Material performance as an oxygen carrier can be extracted by nano‐size and surface‐controlled effects, even exploring ordinary material composition, as ceria‐zirconia.