bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remaining forests on the Central Highlands of Madagascar—Endemic and endangered aquatic beetle fauna uncovered
Authors: Ranarilalatiana Tolotra , Razafindraleva Herisolo Andrianiaina , Granath Gustaf , Bukontaite Malm Rasa , Rakotonirina Jean Claude , Razafindranaivo Victor , Ravaomanarivo Lala Harivelo Raveloson , Johansson Frank , Bergsten Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMadagascar is known for its high endemism and as many as 90% of this unique diversity are forest‐dwellers. Unfortunately, the forest cover of Madagascar is decreasing at an alarming rate. This decrease can also affect aquatic insects, but our knowledge on aquatic insect diversity and distribution on Madagascar are limited. Although the eastern rainforests are considered the most diverse, the Central Highlands of Madagascar also harbors unique microendemic fauna but has been less studied. Here, we analyze the aquatic Adephaga beetle fauna of three remaining protected forests of the Central Highlands. Diversity, abundance, and uniqueness are compared between and within natural forests and surrounding grasslands. At least 15 undescribed species were found, highlighting the Central Highlands as an important area for endemism. The natural forests and the surrounding grasslands differed significantly in species assemblages. Interestingly, the three remaining forests differed in their assemblages with the geographically more distant Manjakatompo Ankaratra having the most unique fauna but also the highest altitude span. By contrast, the species composition was similar between the peripheral zones of each of the three remaining forests. The similarity of the fauna in the peripheral open habitats illustrates how some local forest endemics are replaced with widespread generalists in degraded habitats. Our study shows that the remaining forests of the Central Highlands of Madagascar are important refuges of unique fauna at high risk of extinction.
Guidelines for DC preparation and flow cytometry analysis of mouse nonlymphoid tissues
Authors: Probst Hans Christian , Stoitzner Patrizia , Amon Lukas , Backer Ronald A. , Brand Anna , Chen Jianzhou , Clausen Björn E. , Dieckmann Sophie , Dudziak Diana , Heger Lukas , Hodapp Katrin , Hornsteiner Florian , Hovav Avi‐Hai , Jacobi Lukas , Ji Xingqi , Kamenjarin Nadine , Lahl Katharina , Lahmar Imran , Lakus Jelena , Lehmann Christian H. K. , Ortner Daniela , Picard Marion , Roberti Maria Paula , Rossnagel Lukas , Saba Yasmin , Schalla Carmen , Schlitzer Andreas , Schraml Barbara U. , Schütze Kristian , Seichter Anna , Seré Kristin , Seretis Athanasios , Sopper Sieghart , Strandt Helen , Sykora Martina M. , Theobald Hannah , Tripp Christoph H. , Zitvogel Laurence 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state‐of‐the‐art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various nonlymphoid tissues.DC are sentinels of the immune system present in almost every mammalian organ. Since they represent a rare cell population, DC need to be extracted from organs with protocols that are specifically developed for each tissue. This article provides detailed protocols for the preparation of single‐cell suspensions from various mouse nonlymphoid tissues, including skin, intestine, lung, kidney, mammary glands, oral mucosa and transplantable tumors. Furthermore, our guidelines include comprehensive protocols for multiplex flow cytometry analysis of DC subsets and feature top tricks for their proper discrimination from other myeloid cells. With this collection, we provide guidelines for in‐depth analysis of DC subsets that will advance our understanding of their respective roles in healthy and diseased tissues.While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer‐reviewed by leading experts and approved by all coauthors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
Threats of Pollutants Derived from Electronic Waste to Marine Bivalves: The Case of the Rare-Earth Element Yttrium
Authors: Andrade Madalena , Soares Amadeu M. V. M. , Solé Montserrat , Pereira Eduarda , Freitas Rosa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The production of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. This may eventually lead to its accumulation in aquatic environments, mainly because of the presence of nonbiodegradable components. The rare-earth element yttrium (Y) is particularly relevant because it is present in a wide variety of electro-based equipment. Within this context, the present study investigated the biological consequences of anthropogenic Y exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to Y (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/L) for 28 days, and their bioaccumulation and biomarkers related to metabolism, oxidative stress defenses, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results revealed that tissue Y content increased at increasing exposure concentrations (though the bioconcentration factor decreased). At the lowest Y dosage (5 µg/L), mussels lowered their electron transport system (ETS) activity, consumed more energy reserves (glycogen), and activated superoxide dismutase activity, thus preventing cellular damage. At the highest Y dosage (40 μg/L), mussels reduced their biotransformation activities with no signs of cellular damage, which may be associated with the low toxicity of Y and the lower/maintenance of ETS activity. Although only minor effects were observed, the present findings raise an environmental concern for aquatic systems where anthropogenic Y concentrations are generally low but still may compromise organisms' biochemical performance. Particularly relevant are the alterations in energy metabolism and detoxification processes for their longer-term impacts on growth and reproduction but also as defense mechanisms against other stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:166–177. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Biomarkers altered with different yttrium concentrations. ETS = electron transport system; GLY = glycogen; SOD = superoxide dismutase; GR = glutathione reductase; GSTs = glutathione S-transferases; CbEs = carboxylesterases; LPO = lipid peroxidation.
Mixture Toxicity of Three Unconventional Gas Fracking Chemicals, Barium, O-Cresol, and Sodium Chloride, to the Freshwater Shrimp Paratya australiensis
Authors: Willems Daniel J. , Kumar Anupama , Nugegoda Dayanthi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The 96-h acute toxicity of barium (Ba2+), o-cresol, and sodium chloride (NaCl) to Paratya australiensis was assessed in single, binary, and ternary combinations in addition to three biochemical assays: glutathione S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, and sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase. The 96-h lethal concentrations that expressed 50% mortality (LC50) in the single-toxicant exposures were Ba2+ = 23.4 mg/L, o-cresol = 12.2 mg/L, and NaCl = 4198 mg/L. Mortality from o-cresol exposure occurred between 11 and 22 mg/L, whereas Ba2+ was more gradual across 10–105 mg/L, and most of the NaCl mortality occurred between 2050 and 4100 mg/L. Toxic units were used to assess the binary and ternary interactions of the toxicants. A more than additive effect was observed for most combinations in the binary chemical exposures, with the ternary combinations yielding highly synergistic interactions. Greater synergism was observed with the 96-h LC50 of o-cresol in combination with the three concentrations of NaCl (1025, 2050, and 3075 mg/L) compared with Ba2+, with toxic units of 0.38, 0.48, and 0.10 (o-cresol) and 0.71, 0.67, and 0.50 (Ba2+). No notable enzyme activity trends were observed in the enzyme biomarker responses from both individual and mixture exposures. Although acute single-species toxicity tests tend to underestimate the effects of Ba2+, o-cresol, and NaCl on populations, communities, and ecosystems in seminatural (e.g., mesocosms) and natural systems, there are currently no published acute toxicity data available for P. australiensis and the three toxicants used in the present study. The present study shows that chemicals with different toxicity mechanisms can potentially lead to more synergistic responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:481–494. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Immunofluorescence Visualization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica
Authors: Prossner Kristen M. , Small Hamish J. , Carnegie Ryan B. , Unger Michael A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bivalve mollusks including oysters have low metabolic potential and are therefore susceptible to accumulating high levels of lipophilic organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Human exposure to PAHs via consumption of this important commercial shellfish can be a serious public health concern in areas where high PAH contamination exists. Previous PAH immunohistochemical studies have been limited to laboratory-based exposures focusing on one or a few individual PAH compounds. To date, such studies have yet to explore PAH accumulation in oysters, known to have some of the highest levels of PAHs across different food products. Using a monoclonal antibody selective for a range of three- to five-ring PAHs, we present a method to detect and localize complex mixtures of PAHs in oyster tissues via fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Observed immunofluorescence intensity followed a similar trend as measured levels of PAHs in oyster interstitial fluid from PAH-contaminated sites and oysters exposed to the water accommodated fraction of crude oil. This method will be valuable in understanding internal partitioning mechanisms of PAH-exposed oysters and will have important applications in studies on PAH distribution in the tissues of additional organisms for environmental, medical, or veterinary purposes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:475–480. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Crop improvements for future‐proofing European food systems: A focus‐group‐driven analysis of agricultural production stakeholder priorities and viewpoints
Authors: Stetkiewicz Stacia , Menary Jonathan , Nair Abhishek , Rufino Mariana C. , Fischer Arnout R.H. , Cornelissen Marc , Duchesne Remi , Guichaoua Adrien , Jorasch Petra , Lemarié Stephane , Nanda Amrit K. , Wilhelm Ralf , Davies Jessica A.C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCrop breeding is one of the main tools which can assist in future‐proofing food systems for more sustainable outcomes. In order to ensure priorities are aligned with the needs and wants of food system actors, it is essential to engage with key stakeholders to understand preferences on plant breeding solutions. This study presents results from a series of online focus groups conducted with agricultural production related stakeholders (i.e. farmers and farmer representatives, policymakers and NGOs) regarding the potential for crop improvement to future‐proof European food systems. Stakeholders shared concern around climate change and environmental impacts (particularly drought and heat stress), and general agreement about the need to develop resilient crops which combine multiple positive attributes, while reducing trade‐offs and negative externalities. Stakeholders also prioritized plant breeding solutions for areas where they felt they had little agency, and existing alternative solutions, such as improving input use efficiency, or altering diets to be considered where these are available. This highlights the need for the crop breeding community to focus its attentions on the ‘most hard to fix’ issues, where in‐field measures are currently not offering viable solutions, to maximize acceptance and adoption by agricultural production stakeholders. It also highlights that consideration of trade‐offs, within plant and within a broader agri‐food context, must be integrated into crop breeding research and development, with trade‐off analysis an explicit component of breeding research. Understanding broader agri‐food system knock‐on effects of plant innovation is a non‐trivial challenge requiring interdisciplinary research and close partnerships with food system stakeholders.
Association of AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A and CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphisms with papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case–control study
Authors: Saljooghi Shaghayegh , Heidari Zahra , Saravani Mohsen , Rezaei Mahnaz , Salimi Saeedeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer which its precise etiology remains unknown. However, environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of PTC. Axis inhibition protein 1 (Axin1) is a scaffold protein that exerts its role as a tumor suppressor. In addition, Cathepsin B (Ctsb) is a cysteine protease with higher expression in several types of tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A and CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphisms with PTC susceptibility.Materials & MethodsIn total, 156 PTC patients and 158 sex‐, age‐, and BMI‐matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A and CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphisms were genotyped using the PCR–RFLP method.ResultsThere was a relationship between AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A polymorphism and an increased risk of PTC in all genetic models except the overdominant model. The AXIN1 rs1805105 G/A polymorphism was associated with an increased PTC risk only in codominant and overdominant models. The frequency of AXIN1 Ars12921862 Ars1805105 haplotype was higher in the PTC group and also this haplotype was associated with an increased risk of PTC. Moreover, the AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A polymorphism was not associated with PTC clinical and pathological findings, but AXIN1 rs1805105 G/A polymorphism was associated with almost three folds of larger tumor size (≥1 cm). There was no association between CTSB rs12898 G/A polymorphism and PTC and its findings.ConclusionThe AXIN1 rs12921862 C/A and rs1805105 G/A polymorphisms were associated with PTC. AXIN1 rs1805105 G/A polymorphism was associated with higher tumor size.
Patterns and predictors of material hardship among poor families with children
Authors: Marçal Katherine E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExperiences of material hardship vary across poor families, but little is understood about this variability. The present study aimed to distinguish subtypes of material hardship as well as which characteristics predict subtypes. Latent class analysis with data from a large, longitudinal study of families with youth children investigated subtypes of material hardship as well as predictors of subtypes. Multinomial logistic regression then predicted class membership used on known housing risk factors maternal IPV victimization, depression, and substance use. Analyses identified three distinct subtypes of material hardship: “Housing Insecure,” “Food Insecure,” and “Cost‐Burdened but Managing.” Maternal IPV victimization and depression reduced likelihood of membership in the “Managing” class, but no predictors distinguished families who become food versus housing insecure. Findings suggest widespread financial stress and complex tradeoffs for low‐income families, who struggle to afford basic needs. Maternal safety and mental health prove crucial to families' coping abilities. Increased systemic supports targeting specific circumstances may promote stability and prevent more severe hardship.
Contamination of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in human urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) samples and their effects on uEVs study
Authors: Noonin Chadanat , Peerapen Paleerath , Thongboonkerd Visith 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBacterial overgrowth is common for improperly stored urine. However, its effects on human urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) study had not been previously examined nor documented. This study investigated the presence of bacterial EVs (bEVs) contaminated in uEVs samples and their effects on uEVs study. Nanoscale uEVs were isolated from normal human urine immediately after collection (0‐h) or after 25°C‐storage with/without preservative (10 mM NaN3) for up to 24‐h. Turbidity, bacterial count and total uEVs proteins abnormally increased in the 8‐h and 24‐h‐stored urine without NaN3. NanoLC‐ESI‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS/MS identified 6–13 bacterial proteins in these contaminated uEVs samples. PCR also detected bacterial DNAs in these contaminated uEVs samples. Besides, uEVs derived from 8‐h and 24‐h urine without NaN3 induced macrophage activation (CD11b and phagocytosis) and secretion of cytokines (IFN‐α, IL‐8, and TGF‐β) from macrophages and renal cells (HEK‐293, HK‐2, and MDCK). All of these effects induced by bacterial contamination were partially/completely prevented by NaN3. Interestingly, macrophage activation and cytokine secretion were also induced by bEVs purified from Escherichia coli. This study clearly shows evidence of bEVs contamination and their effects on human uEVs study when the urine samples were inappropriately stored, whereas NaN3 can partially/completely prevent such effects from the contaminated bEVs.
Inhibition of HIST1H2AB suppresses the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chai Xiaojun , Wang Guangxue , Hong Xuan , Feng Minghao , Wang He , Liu Fabing , Yao Wei , Zhu Dongyi , Li Qinchuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma is one of the common causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Histone cluster 1 H2A family member b (HIST1H2AB) is a member of the histone H2A family. Bioinformatic analyses have revealed that HIST1H2AB is highly expressed in some cancers and might be an oncogene. However, information on the function of HIST1H2AB in lung adenocarcinoma is limited.MethodsThe expression of HIST1H2AB was analyzed in normal lung, lung adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemistry staining. It was further verified in the relative cell lines using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). When the adenocarcinoma cells lines (A549 and H1299) were successfully transfected with shHIST1H2AB or an empty plasmid packaged into a lentivirus, cell proliferation was detected using Celigo fluorescence cell‐counting, colony formation and annexin V‐allophycocyanin assays. Twenty nude mice were subcutaneously injected with A549 cells transfected with shHIST1H2AB or empty plasmid; the tumor size was recorded on day 25 and then measured every 3 days thereafter. The final tumor weight was measured on day 37. Significantly differentially expressed genes were analyzed using a human gene expression array. Furthermore, the potentially relevant genes were verified using RT‐qPCR and western blotting.ResultsHIST1H2AB was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues from TCGA database and immunohistochemistry staining. Similar results were seen in the lung adenocarcinoma cells. When the cells were successfully transfected with shHIST1H2AB or an empty plasmid, downregulation of HIST1H2AB inhibited the growth and promoted the apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. The xenograft results suggested that HIST1H2AB downregulation delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor weight. Moreover, interferon signaling pathway and four genes (HMGB1, FOXM1, F2RL1 and SLC4A7) might be regulated by HIST1H2AB in the development of lung adenocarcinoma as indicated through gene expression array, RT‐qPCR and western blotting analyses.ConclusionsHIST1H2AB acts as an oncogenic protein and HIST1H2AB inhibition suppresses the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. It may be a novel target for lung adenocarcinoma therapy.
GSK3 inhibitor enhances gemtuzumab ozogamicin‐induced apoptosis in primary human leukemia cells by overcoming multiple mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Inase Aki , Maimaitili Yimamu , Kimbara Shiro , Mizutani Yu , Miyata Yoshiharu , Ohata Shinya , Matsumoto Hisayuki , Kitao Akihito , Sakai Rina , Kawaguchi Koji , Higashime Ako , Nagao Shigeki , Kurata Keiji , Goto Hideaki , Kawamoto Shinichiro , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Minami Hironobu , Matsuoka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the heterogeneity of genetic and epigenetic characteristics makes treatment difficult. The prognosis for AML is therefore poor, and there is an urgent need for new treatments for this condition. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), the first antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC), targets the CD33 antigen expressed in over 90% of AML cases. GO therefore has the potential to counter the heterogeneity of AML patients. However, a major clinical problem is that drug resistance to GO diminishes its effect over time. Here, we report that the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) alone overcomes several forms of GO resistance at concentrations without antileukemic effects. The GSK3 inhibitors tested significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of GO in AML cell lines. We elucidated four mechanisms of enhancement: (1) increased expression of CD33, the target antigen of GO; (2) activation of a lysosomal function essential for hydrolysis of the GO linker; (3) reduced expression of MDR1 that eliminates calicheamicin, the payload of GO; and (4) reduced expression of the anti‐apoptotic factor Bcl‐2. A similar combination effect was observed against patient‐derived primary AML cells. Combining GO with GSK3 inhibitors may be efficacious in treating heterogeneous AML.
Phosphorylation of enteroviral 2Apro at Ser/Thr125 benefits its proteolytic activity and viral pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Yuya , Zou Wenjia , Niu Yan , Wang Sanyuan , Chen Bangtao , Xiong Rui , Zhang Peng , Luo Zhijun , Wu Yong , Fan Changfa , Zhong Zhaohua , Xu Ping , Peng Yihong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnteroviral 2A proteinase (2Apro), a well‐established and important viral functional protein, plays a key role in shutting down cellular cap‐dependent translation, mainly via its proteolytic activity, and creating optimal conditions for Enterovirus survival. Accumulated data show that viruses take advantage of various signaling cascades for their life cycle; studies performed by us and others have demonstrated that the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is essential for enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) and other viruses replication. We recently showed that ERK1/2 is required for the proteolytic activity of viral 2Apro; however, the mechanism underlying the regulation of 2Apro remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the 125th residue Ser125 of EV‐A71 2Apro or Thr125 of coxsackievirus B3 2Apro, which is highly conserved in the Enterovirus, was phosphorylated by ERK1/2. Importantly, 2Apro with phosphor‐Ser/Thr125 had much stronger proteolytic activity toward eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI and rendered the virus more efficient for multiplication and pathogenesis in hSCARB2 knock‐in mice than that in nonphospho‐Ser/Thr125A (S/T125A) mutants. Notably, phosphorylation‐mimic mutations caused deleterious changes in 2Apro catalytic function (S/T125D/E) and in viral propagation (S125D). Crystal structure simulation analysis showed that Ser125 phosphorylation in EV‐A71 2Apro enabled catalytic Cys to adopt an optimal conformation in the catalytic triad His‐Asp‐Cys, which enhances 2Apro proteolysis. Therefore, we are the first to report Ser/Thr125 phosphorylation of 2Apro increases enteroviral adaptation to the host to ensure enteroviral multiplication, causing pathogenicity. Additionally, weakened viruses containing a S/T125A mutation could be a general strategy to develop attenuated Enterovirus vaccines.