bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of liver failure in Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Jindal Ankur , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe global burden of deaths caused by liver failure is substantial. The Asia‐Pacific region is home to more than half of the global population and accounted for 62.6% of global deaths because of liver diseases in 2015. The aetiology of liver failure varies in different countries at different times. Viruses (Hepatitis A, B and E), drugs (herbs and anti‐tuberculous drugs), toxins (alcohol use) and autoimmune flares are mainly responsible of majority of liver failure in individuals with normal liver (acute liver failure; ALF); else these may precipitate liver failure in those with chronic liver disease (acute‐on‐chronic liver failure; ACLF). Concomitant increases in alcohol misuse and metabolic syndrome in recent years are concerning. Ongoing efforts to address liver failure‐related morbidity and mortality require accurate contemporary estimates of epidemiology and outcomes. In light of the ever‐changing nature of liver disease epidemiology, accurate estimates for the burden of liver failure across the countries are vital for setting clinical, research and policy priorities. In this review, we aimed to describe the current as well as changing epidemiological trends of common liver failure syndromes, ALF and ACLF in the Asia‐Pacific region.
Intensive care professionals' perceptions of the quality of counselling provided in the ICU: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vanhanen Minna , Meriläinen Merja , Ala‐Kokko Tero , Kyngäs Helvi , Kaakinen Pirjo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care professionals (ICPs) have a key role in counselling adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their family members. The counselling provided to ICU patients and their family members can be described based on the content, implementation, benefits, and resources.AimsThe study had two specific aims: first, to assess ICPs' perceptions of the quality of counselling provided to ICU patients and their family members; and second, to explore which factors ICPs feel is associated with the quality of counselling.Study DesignA cross‐sectional survey of ICPs working in adult ICUs in Finnish university hospitals. Data were collected using the Counselling Quality Instrument. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics and chi‐square and t‐test statistical methods.ResultsA total of 182 ICPs returned the questionnaire, reflecting a response rate of 18.6%. Most of the respondents were nurses (97%) and the mean age was 42 years. The ICPs reported having adequate time for patient‐ (77%) and family‐centered (73%) counselling, but only 47% felt that their units had the appropriate facilities. There were statistically significant differences between patient‐ and family‐centered counselling and the ICP's self‐assessed competence (p < .001), goal‐oriented counselling (p < .001), and atmosphere during counselling (p < .001). ICPs' attitudes towards counselling impacted how these professionals assessed patients' and family members' confidence, along with patient recovery (p < .001).ConclusionsThis study confirms that the provision of high‐quality counselling has beneficial effects; however, it also indicates that there is a need for training that considers each ICP's professional experience and patient‐ and family‐centered factors, which may differ from one another.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAccording to ICPs, the quality of counselling can be enhanced by empowering ICPs to improve counselling and providing appropriate ICU facilities for counselling, such as a private room for family members.
Ancestral sequence reconstruction of the CYP711 family reveals functional divergence in strigolactone biosynthetic enzymes associated with gene duplication events in monocot grasses
Authors: Vinde Marcos H. , Cao Da , Chesterfield Rebecca J. , Yoneyama Kaori , Gumulya Yosephine , Thomson Raine E. S. , Matila Tebogo , Ebert Birgitta E. , Beveridge Christine A. , Vickers Claudia E. , Gillam Elizabeth M. J. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

The strigolactone (SL) class of phytohormones shows broad chemical diversity, the functional importance of which remains to be fully elucidated, along with the enzymes responsible for the diversification of the SL structure. Here we explore the functional evolution of the highly conserved CYP711A P450 family, members of which catalyze several key monooxygenation reactions in the strigolactone pathway.

Ancestral sequence reconstruction was utilized to infer ancestral CYP711A sequences based on a comprehensive set of extant CYP711 sequences. Eleven ancestral enzymes, corresponding to key points in the CYP711A phylogenetic tree, were resurrected and their activity was characterized towards the native substrate carlactone and the pure enantiomers of the synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24.

The ancestral and extant CYP711As tested accepted GR24 as a substrate and catalyzed several diversifying oxidation reactions on the structure. Evidence was obtained for functional divergence in the CYP711A family. The monocot group 3 ancestor, arising from gene duplication events within monocot grasses, showed both increased catalytic activity towards GR24 and high stereoselectivity towards the GR24 isomer resembling strigol‐type SLs.

These results are consistent with a role for CYP711As in strigolactone diversification in early land plants, which may have extended to the diversification of strigol‐type SLs.
Outcomes of the first global multidisciplinary consensus meeting including persons living with obesity to standardize patient‐reported outcome measurement in obesity treatment research
Authors: de Vries Claire E. E. , Terwee Caroline B. , Al Nawas May , van Wagensveld Bart A. , Janssen Ignace M. C. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , Cohen Ricardo V. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Brown Wendy A. , Ghaferi Amir A. , Ottosson Johan , Coulman Karen D. , Petry Tarissa B. Z. , Sogg Stephanie , West‐Smith Lisa , Halford Jason C. G. , Salas Ximena Ramos , Dixon John B. , Al‐Sabah Salman , Lee Wei‐Jei , Andersen John Roger , Flint Stuart W. , Hoogbergen Maarten M. , Backman Brooke , Govers Ellen , Isack Nadya , Clay Caroline , Birney Susie , Gunn Maureen , Masterson Paul , Roberts Audrey , Nesbitt Jacky , Meloni Riccardo , le Brocq Sarah , de Blaeij Sandra , Kraaijveld Christina , van der Steen Floor , Visser Bibian , Hamers Petra , Monpellier Valerie M. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryQuality of life is a key outcome that is not rigorously measured in obesity treatment research due to the lack of standardization of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and PRO measures (PROMs). The S.Q.O.T. initiative was founded to Standardize Quality of life measurement in Obesity Treatment. A first face‐to‐face, international, multidisciplinary consensus meeting was conducted to identify the key PROs and preferred PROMs for obesity treatment research. It comprised of 35 people living with obesity (PLWO) and healthcare providers (HCPs). Formal presentations, nominal group techniques, and modified Delphi exercises were used to develop consensus‐based recommendations. The following eight PROs were considered important: self‐esteem, physical health/functioning, mental/psychological health, social health, eating, stigma, body image, and excess skin. Self‐esteem was considered the most important PRO, particularly for PLWO, while physical health was perceived to be the most important among HCPs. For each PRO, one or more PROMs were selected, except for stigma. This consensus meeting was a first step toward standardizing PROs (what to measure) and PROMs (how to measure) in obesity treatment research. It provides an overview of the key PROs and a first selection of the PROMs that can be used to evaluate these PROs.
The upregulated LsKN1 gene transforms pinnately to palmately lobed leaves through auxin, gibberellin, and leaf dorsiventrality pathways in lettuce
Authors: Wang Menglu , Lavelle Dean , Yu Changchun , Zhang Weiyi , Chen Jiongjiong , Wang Xin , Michelmore Richard W , Kuang Hanhui 
Published: May 2022

SummaryLeaf shape represents a vital agronomic trait for leafy vegetables such as lettuce. Some lettuce cultivars produce lobed leaves, varying from pinnately to palmately lobed, but the genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we cloned one major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling palmately lobed leaves. The candidate gene, LsKN1, encodes a homeobox transcription factor, and has been shown previously to be critical for the development of leafy heads in lettuce. The LsKN1 allele that is upregulated by the insertion of a transposon promotes the development of palmately lobed leaves. We demonstrated that LsKN1 upregulated LsCUC2 and LsCUC3 through different mechanisms, and their upregulation was critical for the development of palmately lobed leaves. LsKN1 binds the promoter of LsPID to promote auxin biosynthesis, which positively contributes to the development of palmately lobed leaves. In contrast, LsKN1 suppresses GA biosynthesis to promote palmately lobed leaves. LsKN1 also binds to the promoter of LsAS1, a dorsiventrality gene, to downregulate its expression. Overexpression of the LsAS1 gene compromised the effects of the LsKN1 gene changing palmately to pinnately lobed leaves. Our study illustrated that the upregulated LsKN1 gene led to palmately lobed leaves in lettuce by integrating several downstream pathways, including auxin, gibberellin, and leaf dorsiventrality pathways.
A case of wild‐type rubella‐associated cutaneous granuloma in ataxia telangiectasia
Authors: Browne Rachel , Cliffe Lucy , Ip Winne , Brown Kevin , McDermott Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGranulomatous skin disease is known to be associated with various primary immunodeficiencies, including ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Recent reports of persistence of live vaccine strain rubella within such cutaneous granulomas have raised concern regarding the safety of vaccination. Here we report a case of cutaneous granuloma in association with AT, demonstrating wild type, rather than vaccine strain rubella. This supports the persistence of rubella as a causative mechanism, but suggests it is not vaccine strain‐specific, and thus may impact the decision of those considering not vaccinating this subset of children.
The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogations in India
Authors: Massoud Mark Fathi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTHow do police get witnesses and criminal defendants to tell the truth? And in what ways do the truth‐seeking activities of law enforcement create and remake the identity of the state? These questions lie at the heart of Jinee Lokaneeta's fine book, The Truth Machines. For anthropologists of law and politics, the book offers a lens into the ways that nations try to prevent the torture of citizens, paradoxically by promoting a different kind of torture. It is a story of how state officials move torture from dusty police interrogation rooms into futuristic forensic laboratories and hospitals.
The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in the Age of Monocrops
Authors: Jonkman Jesse 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTOn April 20, 2008, Paraguay elected rural bishop Fernando Lugo as its president, ending the reign of the Colorado party that had ruled the country since 1947. The election spurred a political shift to the left and considerably transformed the relationship that the national soy industry had forged with the state bureaucracy in previous decades. Progressives, intellectuals, and activists became employed by the same legal apparatus they had protested against for years. Correspondingly, public institutions that had been partly built by the soy industry were suddenly staffed by some of the sector's most ardent critics. In The Government of Beans, Kregg Hetherington explores this peculiar political juncture so as to offer wider reflections on governance in the Anthropocene. To this end, he relies on 17 short chapters that are grouped into three parts. Part I (Cast of Characters) presents us with the people and plants that the book is about. Over the course of six chapters, Hetherington historicizes the conjectures that laid the groundwork for the emergence of soy and its politicization, guiding us past, among others, the Stroessner dictatorship, cotton‐growing colonists, soy‐growing colonists displacing the earlier cotton growers, herbicides, Roundup Ready beans, the present–absent state, and 1990s neoliberalization.
Are adults with autism receiving regular preventive dental services?
Authors: McNeil Robin , Bray Kimberly Krust , Mitchell Tanya Villalpando , Pendleton Chandler , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose/AimTo investigate the frequency of preventive dental care among adults with autism and explore factors associated with receiving regular preventive care.Materials and MethodsDe‐identified data was collected from electronic health records of 18‐year‐old or older patients with autism that had at least one preventive dental procedure recorded. The data was then analyzed to describe the frequency of preventive dental procedures provided for this population and investigate what variables are associated with regular care.ResultsSample size was 119, 67% were males, average age was 30.8 years, and 58% had Medicaid. Average BMI was 42.8, the prevalence of diabetes and heart disease were 16% and 34%, respectively, and 86% reported mental health problems. Recreational drug use was 6.8%, alcohol use was 19%, and tobacco use 16%. Xerostomia was reported by 32%, and the average number of medications was 7.2 ± 5.5. The average number of preventive dental visits was 7.9 ± 10.6, and 35% of the patients had at least one preventive dental visit per year. Only number of medications had a statistically significant association with number of preventive dental visits.ConclusionsOnly one in every three adults with autism had at least one preventive dental visit per year.
A comparative study of intimate partner violence among U.S.‐born and foreign‐born Hispanic women
Authors: Espinoza Luis Enrique , Espinoza Lucas Enrique , Talleff Jennifer L. , Resendiz Rosalva , Zavala Leticia Nevarez , Anangwe Kathleen Ayako 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the factors and prevalence rates associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) victimizations by nativity status among Hispanic women.MethodsData were pooled and analyzed from the 2010 to 2020 National Crime Victimization Survey. A total of 4309 Hispanic women who responded to the citizenship question were included in the final sample.ResultsIPV victimization was associated with nativity status for Hispanic women, and IPV prevalence was higher among U.S.‐born Hispanic women than foreign‐born Hispanic women. The factors of geographic region, relationship status, education level, occupation status, and substance abuse were associated with IPV victimization.ConclusionThese findings have implications for positively impacting culturally competent preventative programs and interventions to reduce IPV victimizations for Hispanic women.
A generic topography reconstruction method based on multi‐detector backscattered electron images
Authors: Neggers Jan , Héripré Eva , Bonnet Marc , Hallais Simon , Roux Stéphane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface topographies can be reconstructed from backscattered electron (BSE) images captured from different detector orientations. This article presents a very general approach to this problem, in the spirit of photometric stereo methods, allowing for arbitrary BSE detector number (at least 3) and shapes. The general idea is to both determine the (non‐linear) model parameters and compute the surface topography so that the modelled images match at best the acquired ones. Three samples are used for validation of the measured topography with respect to atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Root mean square (RMS) errors in the range of 10–35 nm, or 1–1.5% of total sampleheight, are obtained.
The concept of tectonic provenance: Case study of the gigantic Markagunt gravity slide basal layer
Authors: Mayback Danika F. , Braunagel Michael J. , Malone David H. , Griffith W. Ashley , Holliday McKenna E. , Rivera Tiffany A. , Biek Robert F. , Hacker David B. , Rowley Peter D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFormation and evolution of the basal layer in large landslides has important implications for processes that reduce frictional resistance to sliding. In this report, we show that zircon geochronology and tectonic provenance can be used to investigate the basal layer of the gigantic‐scale Markagunt gravity slide of Utah, USA. Basal layer and clastic injectite samples have unique tectonic chronofacies that identify the rock units that were broken down during emplacement. Our results show that basal material from sites on the former land surface is statistically indistinguishable and formed primarily by the breakdown of upper plate lithologies during sliding. Decapitated injectites have a different tectonic chronofacies than the local basal layer, with more abundant lower plate‐derived zircons. This suggests clastic dikes formed earlier in the translation history from a structurally deeper portion of the slide surface and a compositionally different basal layer before being translated to their current position.
LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating of calcite cement in Upper Triassic tight‐gas sandstone reservoirs, western Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Yu Yu , Lin Liangbiao , Li Zhen , Rankenburg Kai , Evans Noreen J. , McInnes Brent I. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe absolute timing of carbonate cement formations can provide insights into porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in reservoirs. In this study, scanning electron microscopy‐based cathodoluminescence (SEM‐CL), quantitative mineralogical analysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry U–Pb dating were performed on calcite cements from sandstones in the fourth member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the western Sichuan Basin. Two samples yielded U–Pb ages of 149.5 ± 31.1 Ma and 190.0 ± 180.5 Ma (2σ), suggesting late diagenetic precipitation of calcite cements. The backscattered electron and SEM‐CL images indicated that the cements precipitated after feldspar dissolution. Combined with palaeo‐temperature evolution, these results suggest that the timing of calcite cement precipitation occurred between the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Rapid accumulation of sediment in the western basin in response to the Yanshanian Orogeny may have caused stratum overpressure, resulting in geofluid activity and calcite precipitation in the Xu4 sandstone.
Physiocognitive Modeling: Explaining the Effects of Caffeine on Fatigue
Authors: Halverson Tim , Myers Christopher W. , Gearhart Jeffery M. , Linakis Matthew W. , Gunzelmann Glenn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost computational theories of cognition lack a representation of physiology. Understanding the cognitive effects of compounds present in the environment is important for explaining and predicting changes in cognition and behavior given exposure to toxins, pharmaceuticals, or the deprivation of critical compounds like oxygen. This research integrates physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model predictions of caffeine concentrations in blood and tissues with ACT‐R's fatigue module to predict the effects of caffeine on fatigue. Mapping between the PBPK model parameters and ACT‐R model parameters is informed by the neurophysiological literature and established associations between ACT‐R modules and brain regions. The results from three such parameter mappings are explored to explain observed data from sleep‐deprived participants performing the psychomotor vigilance test with and without caffeine. Predicted caffeine concentrations in the brain are used to modulate procedural parameters in the fatigue module to explain caffeine's effects on multiple performance metrics.
The terminal enzymatic step in piperine biosynthesis is co‐localized with the product piperine in specialized cells of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Jäckel Luise , Schnabel Arianne , Stellmach Hagen , Klauß Ulrike , Matschi Susanne , Hause Gerd , Vogt Thomas 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYPiperine (1‐piperoyl piperidine) is responsible for the pungent perception of dried black pepper (Piper nigrum) fruits and essentially contributes to the aromatic properties of this spice in combination with a blend of terpenoids. The final step in piperine biosynthesis involves piperine synthase (PS), which catalyzes the reaction of piperoyl CoA and piperidine to the biologically active and pungent amide. Nevertheless, experimental data on the cellular localization of piperine and the complete biosynthetic pathway are missing. Not only co‐localization of enzymes and products, but also potential transport of piperamides to the sink organs is a possible alternative. This work, which includes purification of the native enzyme, immunolocalization, laser microdissection, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy combined with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS), provides experimental evidence that piperine and PS are co‐localized in specialized cells of the black pepper fruit perisperm. PS accumulates during early stages of fruit development and its level declines before the fruits are fully mature. The product piperine is co‐localized to PS and can be monitored at the cellular level by its strong bluish fluorescence. Rising piperine levels during fruit maturation are consistent with the increasing numbers of fluorescent cells within the perisperm. Signal intensities of individual laser‐dissected cells when monitored by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS indicate molar concentrations of this alkaloid. Significant levels of piperine and additional piperamides were also detected in cells distributed in the cortex of black pepper roots. In summary, the data provide comprehensive experimental evidence of and insights into cell‐specific biosynthesis and storage of piperidine alkaloids, specific and characteristic for the Piperaceae. By a combination of fluorescence microscopy and LC‐MS/MS analysis we localized the major piperidine alkaloids to specific cells of the fruit perisperm and the root cortex. Immunolocalization of native piperine and piperamide synthases shows that enzymes are co‐localized with high concentrations of products in these idioblasts.
A case of cutaneous bullous mastocytosis in a Yorkshire terrier puppy
Authors: Petak Ana , Šoštarić‐Zuckermann Ivan‐Conrado , Gudan Kurilj Andrea , Lemo Nikša 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous bullous mastocytosis (CBM) is a rare disease characterised by erythroderma, bullae formation on trunk, scalp and extremities which evolve to erosions.ObjectiveTo describe a rare variant of cutaneous mastocytosis and treatment options.AnimalA 7‐month‐old Yorkshire terrier puppy with erythroderma and bullae formation.MethodsClinical examination (including haematological, biochemical and radiographic), skin biopsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe case fulfills the criteria of CBM, representing a rare entity that is reported to be associated with spontaneous regression. However, in severe cases treatment with systemic corticosteroids, H1 and H2 antihistamines, and masitinib can be performed.