bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Treatmets for Plant Bug Control and Their Effects on Beneficials, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stonevilie 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 at the West Tennessee Exp. Sta., Jackson, TN. Soil type was Grenada silt loam. Four row plots, 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The 15 ft alleys between blocks were planted with mustard Apr 1 to attract plant bugs. The mustard was cut with a sickle mower Jul 13 to force the plant bugs into the cotton. Pre-treatment counts were taken over the entire plot Jul 14 by shaking 12 4-row-ft samples over a drop cloth. Insecticides were applied Jul 14 with a 4 row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi 3 Delavan HB 4 70 nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH-660 high clearance sprayer. Single 4-row-ft post-treatment counts were taken from each plot Jul 17 as described above. Single 20-sweep post-treatment samples were taken from each plot Jul 24.
Insecticide Treatments for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 at the West Tenn. Exp. Sta., Jackson, TN. Soil type was Grenada silt loam with low soil moisture. Two-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed planted was commercially treated with 2 fungicides. The seed treatment was prepared in the laboratory by adding the insecticide to the double-treated seed. The hopper box treatment was made in the field by adding Orthene 75S to the double-treated seed. Ten pounds of Terraclor SuperX per acre was applied in the covering soil except in the Temik-TSX and TF treatments.
Tarnished Plant Bug Control on Cotton, 1980
Authors: Muehleisen D. P. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 cotton was planted Apr 17 at the Tennessee Valley Substation of Auburn University at Belle Mina, AL. Plots were ca 1 acre arranged in a randomized complete block design rep)icated 4 times. Insecticides were applied Jul 14 with a high clearance sprayer delivering 10 gpa, at 40 psi with 3 nozzles/row. Plant bugs were counted using the “shake cloth” method, sampling 6 row-ft at 2 or 3 sites in the center of each plot. Plant bug populations were evaluated 4 days prior to treatment and 2, 8 and 14 days post-treatment.
Carmine Spider Mite Control on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seventeen treatments were evaluated for the control of the carmine spider mite on cotton. The treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer with a boom equipped with three 8001 flat nozzles. All sprays were applied on Sep 18 at 40 gpa and 40 psi. Each plot measured 20 ft of row with 4 replicates per treatment. Leaves were picked from the upper portion of the cotton plants and counts made in the laboratory with the aid of a stereozoom microscope. There were 53.9 mites/leaf Sep 18 (pre-treatment count).
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaracides were applied to Acala SJ-2 cotton planted Apr 5 near Five Points, CA in rows spaced at 40 inches. Individual plots were 8 rows wide and 100 ft long. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design and applied Jul 14. On Aug 28 Mitac was reapplied to the 0.25 + 0.25 lb ai/acre treatment. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 solid cone nozzles per row delivering 47 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (fifth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 4 post-treatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the Tetranychid complex; only adult female counts are reported as they represent a consistent proportion of the total population. Mite counts were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the 4 center rows of each plot on Oct 9.
Fescue, Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An 11 acre fescue pasture was used as a test area to evaluate compounds for control of adult grasshoppers on Aug 12. One-quarter acre plots were treated with 12 gpa of finished spray material. Grasshoppers were ca 15% adult differential grasshoppers, 65% adult redlegged grasshoppers, and 20% other grasshopper species. Materials were applied with an IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PTO roller pump at 40 psi. Air temperature at time of application was 84°F and fescue was 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 sweeps per plot 24 hr after treatment. Each sweep of a 15 inch net was 180 while walking briskly forward. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Means presented in the table are of actual counts. The data were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis.
Efficacy of Granular Insecticides Applied in Paddy Water on Yellow Stem Borer Control in Rice at Tillering Stage, 1980
Authors: Chelliah S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field experiment was conducted with 8 tretments in 3 replications in randomized block design at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural Urivesity, Coimbatore, India. Six granular insecticides were tested in field plots of 20 m2 each. Maximum protection plots were planted with seedlings given seedling root dip treatment with chlorpyriphos 0.02% for 12 hr and the remainder of the plots were planted with seedlings not given root dip treatment. Test granules were applied at 1.5 kg ai/ha and quinalphos at 1.0 kg ai/ha at 19 days after planting (DAT). Stem borer infestation was recorded as number of tillers showing “deadhearts” in 10 hills selected at random in each plot 30 DAT and % deadhearts worked out.
Effects of Temik and Di-Syst0N on Early Season Control of Soybean Arthropods, 1981
Authors: Ferguson Holly J. , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik 15G and Di-Syston 15G were each applied in the furrow, after the planter and before the press wheel, at a rate of 1.0 lb ai/acre, to determine their effects on pest and beneficial arthropods associated with soybean. Insecticides were applied at planting on Jun 5, in ‘Bay’ soybean grown on the Sabine Hall Farm in Richmond Co., VA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 10 replications. Individual plots were 4 rows the length of the field (about 500 ft) spaced 3 ft apart. Each treatment was evaluated on Jul 7 and 20 and Aug 24, by comparing the number of green cloverworms, potato leafhoppers, nabids, geocorids, and spiders per 25 sweeps in each replicate in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Evaluation of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Soybeans, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J. , Wells Paul , Dively Galen , Embrey Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted Jun 8 with a conventional 4-row planter (John Deere Model 71) equipped with Gandy granular insecticide applicators. Except for the Furadan treatments which were applied in the furrow, all other treatments were applied in a 14 inch band over the seed furrow, behind the press wheel. Two drag chains were attached behind the press wheel of each planter. Plots consisted of 8 rows (4 rows of treated soybeans buffered on either side by a single row of untreated soybeans and a single row of untreated Earilwax wax bean), 80 ft long with 30 inches between rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The center 4 rows of York soybeans served as the record rows. Soil was classified as a ‘Bertie’ silt loam and the soil temp at the time of planting was 70°F at the 6 inch depth. Twenty 1st to 2nd instar si Iverspotted skipper larvae with’ accompanying nest were artificially introduced into the plots by pinning them to 20 separate plants in each plot on Jun 23. The number of surviving siIverspotted skipper larvae was recorded 3 days later (June 26). Natural populations of Mexican bean beetle and Japanese beetle were monitored throughout the season. At late pod-fil, 20 plants were selected at random following an “x” pattern in each plot. Each plant was rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from 2 rows, 16 ft long, in the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture and reported in bu/acre.
Stink Bug and Bean Leaf Beetle Control on Soybean, 1981
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , McPherson Laura D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated to determine their effects on stink bugs (brown stink bug and green stink bug), bean leaf beetles and predatory arthropods. Insecticides were applied on Aug 11 on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the F. F. Chandler and Lee Sisson Farms in Westmoreland Co. near Montross, VA. Individual plots were either 4 rows 100 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart (small field plots) or 14 rows the length of the field spaced 3 ft apart (hi-cycle test plots). A randomized block experimental design with 3 replications was utilized for both the small plot and large field plot tests. In the small plot experiment, each spray concentrate was applied to the soybean foliage with a CO2-powered back-pack sprayer at 40 psi that delivered 28.5 gal of finished formulation per acre. The hi-cycle test was applied with a John Deere 6,000 hi-cycle tractor at 50 psi that delivered 20 gal per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 3-, 7- and 14-days after application by comparing the number of stink bugs, bean leaf beetles, and predators per 25 sweeps (15 inch dia net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Test of Pyrethroid Insecticides for Repellancy to Honeybees Foraging on Sunflowers, 1981
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Schmidt Robert S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A border row of a flowering sunflower field was divided into single row 20 ft plots at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Ten plants in full flower in each plot were marked and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plots were sprayed in early morning of Aug 8 using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre. Spray applications were directed at the flowering heads. After honeybees were first noticed foraging, surveys of the plots were made at 4 periods in both the morning and afternoon. Numbers of honeybees actively foraging in marked sunflower heads were recorded.
Control of Army Cutworms in Winter Wheat, 1981
Authors: Morrill Wendell L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thousands of acres of winter wheat in Montana were infested by army cutworms in the spring. Unregistered materials were tested for cutworm control. Treatments were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack boom sprayer delivering 13 gal/acre or with a hand operated Seymour #75 Bait Applicator (Seymour Mfg., Seymour, IN). Material efficacy was evaluated by counting larvae on the soil in four 18 inch (45.7 cm) sections of row within each plot. Row spacing was 12 inches. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Treatments of trial 1 were applied Mar 16. Wheat was ca 3 inches high. Plot size was 30 ft X 60 ft. Ratings were made on April 11. Precipitation included snow and rain. Larvae were 3/8 - 1/2 inch long. Treatments of trial 2 were applied Apr 10. Wheat was ca 12 inches high. Plot size was 12 X 16 ft. Ratings were made on Apr 17. Larvae were nearly full-grown; 1 pupa was found. Larval lengths were ca 1 inch.
Toxicities of Insecticides Ingested by Western Spruce Budworm, 1980
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bioassays to determine the toxicities of 4 Insecticides Ingested by last stage western spruce budworm were conducted. Insects were selected at random from the 84th to 90th generations of non-diapausing laboratory colony. Eight concentrations serially diluted from a freshly formulated concentrate were used in each of 3 replications for each experiment. All insecticides were formulated in distilled water on the basis of weight/volume concentrations of the active ingredient. Two hundred ul of each solution were added to 10 cc of molten artificial diet and the diet was stirred thoroughly. When solidified, each diet aliquot was fed to 10 larvae. Mortality was tallied after 10 days.
Simulated Aerial Test on Western Spruce Budworm, 1981
Authors: Richmond Charles E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fenitrothion was sprayed at 2 concentrations on 4th and 5th stage spruce budworm larvae on individual, small, Douglas-fir, in western Montana, Jul 1-8. The concentrations were: 18 oz ai/gal and 9.15 oz ai/gal. Application was with a simulated aerial sprayer which was constructed to produce insecticide spray patterns which have the same characteristics as typical aircraft sprays. Forty-five trees were used in the test, 15 trees for each dosage and 15 controls. The mean volume of spray for each concentration was 2 cc per tree. This was calculated to be approximately equivalent to 0.4 gal/acre delivered to the ground. Percent mortality was calculated by assessing the difference in larvae/100 buds between pre-treatment and 10 days post-treatment. Pre-treatment population densities were determined by sampling the larvae/100 buds from randomly selected 15 inch branches from the midcrown of the same tree 10 days after treatment. Four Kromekote spray cards were positioned next to each tree just prior to spraying, to determine both droplet size and droplet density.
Scots Pine, Pine Needle Scale Control, Carroll Co., Oh, 1981
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pinus sylvestris (2-2.5 m high) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating toxicity of candidate insecticides against crawlers. Infested trees were sprayed May 15, using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum rpm’s deliver ca 946 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single tree replicates per treatment. Ambient temperature was 15-16°C with overcast skies and moderate breeze (7-15 kph). Tagging and spraying trees required 5 man-hours. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated May 27-28 by collecting infested needle fascicles, placing them in coin envelopes, and transporting foliage in an airconditioned vehicle to the laboratory. A dissecting microscope was used to determine viability of the first 100 settled nymphs observed. Counts were always made from at least 3 fascicles.
Two-Banded Japanese Weevil Control on Azalea, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Hendricks M. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Aug 18 container grown azaleas ‘Hino Crimson’ were transported to a site of heavy weevil populations near Franklin, Virginia and treated with 4 insecticides. Insecticides were applied to the foliage using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Leaves were examined on Sep 4 for damage from adult feeding. Temperature was 72°F at time of treatment. Rainfall from Aug 18 to Sep 4 was 4.54 inches, and fell from Aug 19 to 23. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Black Turfgrass Ataenius in Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine formulations were applied to a golf course fairway in Lexington, MA on Jun 1. All materials were pre-measured in the laboratory. Granular materials were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar. Liquid materials were applied with 3 gal water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. Each plot was 3.05 m square, each material was replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Ca 1.5 cm water (pH 6.7) was applied immediately after insecticides were applied. Five 10.8 cm diam plugs, ca 7.6 cm deep, were collected on Jul 27 from each plot and hand inspected in the laboratory to determine the distribution of all stges of black turfgrass ataenius.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Potted Chrysanthemums, Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were tested for control of greenhouse whiteflies. Each material was applied with a 1 liter hand-sprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of the plants. Four 15 cm pots, each containing chrysanthemums, were treated with each material and placed at random on a greenhouse bench. Applications were made at weekly (Enstar, methoprene) or bi-wekly (all others) intervals beginning Jun 12 and ending Jul 15. Buds had begun to form at the beginning of the test period, and began to break around Jul 20. Plants were evaluated at least twice a week through Jul 28 for relative severity of whitefly infestation and phytotoxic effects of the chemicals used.
Field Evaluation of Adult Japanese Beetle Control, 1981
Authors: Caldwell Douglas L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate 3 insecticides in combination with 2 types of extenders for control of adult Japanese beetles. Each insecticide was used in combination with PRO-TEC UVF, an acrylic-resin type extender which is reported to inhibit degradation by ultraviolet radiation, and Exhalt 800, a pinolene-derWed extender. Treatments were assigned around the circumference of a large Crimean linden (18 inches DBH, ca 45 ft in height) as a randomized complete block with 2 replicates per treatment. Treatment subplots consisted of a section of the lower branches, 9 ft long by 6 ft high. Treatments were applied until run-off with a 2 gal hand-pump sprayer on Jul 2. Damage estimates consisted of the number of completely skeletonized leaves (averaged to acount for partially skeletonized leaves) in a subsample of 20 leaves. Three randomly selected branches (subsamples) were evaluated per replicate, for a total of 120 leaves per treatment. Ratings were made through Aug 11.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Methidathion, Virginia, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 7 species of field-grown ornamental plants at x, 2X and 4X rates. This corresponds to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 lb ai/100 gal of Supracide 2E. Treatments were applied Aug 4 using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted on Aug 11 and 18. Temperature at the time of treatment was 71°F. Rainfall from Aug 4 to 18 was 1.92 inches, no phytotoxicity was observed on any of the 7 species tested in this study.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Permethrin, Virginia, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 11 species of ornamental plants at X, 2X and 4X rates. This corresponds to 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 lb ai/100 gal of Pounce 3.2EC. Treatments were applied Aug 4 using a 1 gal B S G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted on Aug 11 and 18. Temperature at the time of treatment was 71°F. Rainfall from Aug 4 to 18 was 1.92 inches. No phytotoxicity was observed on any of the 11 species tested in this study.
Phytotoxicity Tests on Greenhouse Geraniums, Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four varieties of geranium were treated twice, Jul 13 and Jul 27. All plants were in 10 cm pots and were blossoming at the time of treatment. Observations on phytotoxicity were made 3 and 7 days after each of the 2 treatments. Seven insecticides were applied, each to 2 plants of each of 4 varieties, at excessive rates to screen for phytotoxicity. Five materials were ECs which were applied to run-off with a 1 liter hand pump sprayer: Enstar 5E at 0.25 lb/100 gal (4X rate), SBP-1382 2E at 0.2 lb ai/100 gal (2X rate), methoxychlor 2E at 0.4 lb ai/100 gal (2X rate), Orthene 75SP at 1.0 lb/100 gal (2X rate), and MetaSystox-R 2E at 0.5 lb ai/100 gal (2X rate). Dexol Systemic (Di-Syston 2G) was applied as granules to the soil at 0.25 oz/4 inch pot (2X rate). Dexol Whitefly and Mealybug Spray (methoprene) was applied to run-off, according to label recommendations.
Candidate Residuals for the Larger Black Flour Beetle, 1980
Authors: Peng W. K. , Dunke F. V. , Harein P. K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted to find an effective residual adulticide and larvicide for treatment of whole grain and other stored products. Insects were reared at 28± 1°C and 65 ± 5% RH with a 16L:8D photoperiod. Each insecticide was dissolved in a 19:1 (v/v) acetone and olive oil solvent mixture and one ml of it was used to impregnate Whatman no. 1 filter paper. Treated papers were stored overnight on aluminum foil in a ventilated area before use. Exposure chambers consisted of 266 ml plastic cups with the bottom removed. In these chambers insects were exposed by placing them without food on the impregnated filter paper. After 4 hr they were transferred to 9 cm petri dishes containing cracked corn.
German Cockroach Control, 1980
Authors: Price Richard , Ree Bill , King Ed , Pinksto Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The control of German cockroaches using 3 different insecticide dusts was evaluated in 3 separate tests. A measured amount of dust was spread evenly on the bottom of a wide mouth 1 gal jar. Ten adult German cockroaches from a normal laboratory strain were placed in each jar. Approximately 1 tbsp of bentonite clay was applied to the sides of the jar to keep the cockroaches from escaping. In Test 1, 0.5 g of dust was applied per jar. In Tests 2 and 3, 0.25 g of dust was applied per jar. Mortality in all 3 tests was checked at 1, 3 and 6 hr intervals after the cockroaches were released into the jars. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.
Performance of Treated Surfaces Against Western Drywood Termites, 1980
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Scheffrahn Rudolf H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of these tests was to determine if various types of paints and wood preservatives would prevent drywood termite penetration or feeding on treated wood surfaces and paper. Western drywood termites, Incisitermes minor (Hagen), were removed from infested sycamore and walnut logs collected in the Riverside vicinity. Termites were maintained at 25°C and 30-50% RH in covered petri dishes containing wood chips and moistened paper toweling. Termite nymphs (ca 4-6 instar) were used in all tests. The compounds painted on wood surfaces included: white latex gloss enamel (#9006 A-1 Paint 4 Varnish Co.), clear urethane flat varnish (A-1 Paint 4 Varnish Co.), Zerolac white pigmented shellac (Zehrung Corp.), epoxy appliance white aerosol spray (#530, Zenolyte Products Co.), Stadco 97% coal tar creosote (Stay A Dry Paint Materials Co.), and oil-based white Thermo Iite high gloss enamel (#5900 A-1 Paint and Varnish Co.). Douglas-fir boards were cut into 30.5 X 10 cm sections sanded to smoothness, painted with 1 or 2 coats of each material, and allowed to dry 1 wk before exposing them to termites. Crown Contract Natural paper toweling was treated at a rate of 0.05 mg/cm with CCA type I (chromated copper arsenate, American Wood Preservers Institute), creosote, 99% pentachlorophenol (Penta), stearic acid, and 2-bromooctadecanoic acid. Compounds were evenly deposited with 2 ml of an appropriate solvent over 72 cm2 of paper. Ten termites placed in Stender dish bottoms (3.7 cm dia) were inverted onto the treated surfaces. Mortality was recorded over time and percent feeding was determined after experiment termination.