bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameters of the eclipsing binary α Draconis observed by TESS and SONG
Authors: Hey Daniel R , Kochoska Angela , Monier Richard , Kochukhov Oleg , Johnston Cole , Bedding Timothy R , Murphy Simon J , Abdul-Masih Michael , Southworth John , Andersen Mads Fredslund , Grundahl Frank , Pallé Pere L 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the eclipsing single-lined spectroscopic binary system α Dra based on photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission and newly acquired spectroscopic measurements. Recently discovered to have eclipses in the TESS data, at a magnitude of V = 3.7, α Dra is now one of the brightest detached eclipsing binary (EB) systems known. We obtain the parameters of this system by simultaneously fitting the TESS light curve in conjunction with radial velocities (RVs) acquired from the SONG spectrograph. We determine the fractional radii (R/a) for the primary and secondary components of the system to be 0.0479 $\, \pm \,$ 0.0003 and 0.0226 $\, \pm \,$ 0.0005, respectively. We constrain the temperature, mass, and luminosity (log(L/L⊙)) of the primary to be $9975\, \pm \, 125$ K, $3.7\, \pm \, 0.1$ M⊙, and $2.49\, \pm \, 0.02$, respectively, using isochrone fitting. Although the secondary is too faint to appear in the spectra, the obtained mass function and observed inclination yields a secondary minimum mass of $M_2=2.5\, \pm \, 0.1$ M⊙, which suggests that it is an A2V type star. We were unable to obtain RVs of the secondary, and are only able to see a weak highly rotationally broadened absorption line, indicating that the secondary is rapidly rotating (vsin i ∼ 200 km s−1). We also perform an abundance analysis of the primary star for 21 chemical elements. We find a complex abundance pattern, with a few elements having mild underabundances while the majority have solar abundances. We make available the python code used in this paper to facilitate future modelling of EBs. https://github.com/danhey/adra
The ALPINE-ALMA [C ii] survey: Investigation of 10 galaxies at z ∼ 4.5 with [O ii] and [C ii] line emission − ISM properties and [O ii]−SFR relation
Authors: Vanderhoof Brittany N , Faisst A L , Shen L , Lemaux B C , Béthermin M , Capak P L , Cassata P , Le Fèvre O , Schaerer D , Silverman J , Yan L , Boquien M , Gal R , Kartaltepe J , Lubin L M , Dessauges-Zavadsky M , Fudamoto Y , Ginolfi M , Hathi N P , Jones G C , Koekemoer A M , Narayanan D , Romano M , Talia M , Vergani D , Zamorani G 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present 10 main-sequence ALPINE galaxies (log (M/M⊙) = 9.2−11.1 and ${\rm SFR}=23-190\, {\rm M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}}$) at z ∼ 4.5 with optical [O ii] measurements from Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy and Subaru/MOIRCS narrow-band imaging. This is the largest such multiwavelength sample at these redshifts, combining various measurements in the ultraviolet, optical, and far-infrared including [C ii]158 $\mu$m line emission and dust continuum from ALMA and H α emission from Spitzer photometry. For the first time, this unique sample allows us to analyse the relation between [O ii] and total star-formation rate (SFR) and the interstellar medium (ISM) properties via [O ii]/[C ii] and [O ii]/H α luminosity ratios at z ∼ 4.5. The [O ii]−SFR relation at z ∼ 4.5 cannot be described using standard local descriptions, but is consistent with a metal-dependent relation assuming metallicities around $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ solar. To explain the measured dust-corrected luminosity ratios of $\log (L_{\rm [OII]}/L_{\rm [CII]}) \sim 0.98^{+0.21}_{-0.22}$ and $\log (L_{\rm [OII]}/L_{\rm H\alpha }) \sim -0.22^{+0.13}_{-0.15}$ for our sample, ionization parameters log (U) &lt; −2 and electron densities $\log (\rm n_e / {\rm [cm^{-3}]}) \sim 2.5-3$ are required. The former is consistent with galaxies at z ∼ 2−3, however lower than at z &gt; 6. The latter may be slightly higher than expected given the galaxies’ specific SFR. The analysis of this pilot sample suggests that typical log (M/M⊙) &gt; 9 galaxies at z ∼ 4.5 to have broadly similar ISM properties as their descendants at z ∼ 2 and suggest a strong evolution of ISM properties since the epoch of reionization at z &gt; 6.
How much hydrogen is in Type Ib and IIb supernova progenitors?
Authors: Gilkis Avishai , Arcavi Iair 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Core-collapse supernovae showing little or no hydrogen (denoted by Type IIb and Ib, respectively) are the explosions of massive stars that have lost some or most of their outer envelopes. How they lose their mass is unclear, but it likely involves binary interaction. So far, seven progenitors of such supernovae have been identified in pre-explosion imaging (five for Type IIb events and two for Type Ib events). Here, we evolve detailed binary stellar evolution models in order to better understand the nature of these progenitors. We find that the amount of hydrogen left in the envelope at the time of explosion greatly depends on the post-interaction mass-loss rate. The leftover hydrogen, in turn, strongly affects progenitor properties, such as temperature and photospheric radius, in non-trivial ways. Together with extinction and distance uncertainties in progenitor data, it is difficult to deduce an accurate progenitor hydrogen mass from pre-explosion imaging. We quantify this uncertainty and find that available data are consistent with a proposed Type Ib–IIb hydrogen mass threshold of ${\approx}0.033\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, implying that even Type Ib progenitors are not pure helium stars. These results alleviate the proposed tension between the Type Ib classification of SN 2019yvr and its candidate progenitor properties. We also estimate the brightness of a surviving 2019yvr progenitor companion, which might be detected in future observations.
V4334 Sgr (Sakurai’s Object): still churning out the dust
Authors: Evans A , Banerjee D P K , Geballe T R , Gehrz R D , Woodward C E , Hinkle K , Joyce R R , Shahbandeh M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a 0.8–2.5 µm spectrum of the very late thermal pulse object V4334 Sgr (Sakurai’s Object), obtained in 2020 September. The spectrum displays a continuum that rises strongly to longer wavelengths, and is considerably brighter than the most recent published spectrum obtained 7 yr earlier. At the longer wavelengths, the continuum is well fitted by a blackbody with a temperature of 624 ± 8 K. However, there is excess continuum at the shortest wavelengths that we interpret as being due to hot dust that has very recently formed in an environment with C/O ≃ 2.5. Other possible sources for this excess continuum are discussed – such as the stellar photosphere dimly seen through the dust shell, and light scattered off the inner wall of the dust torus – but these interpretations seem unlikely. Numerous emission lines are present, including those of He i, C i, [C i], and O i. Our observations confirm that emission in the He i 1.083 µm and [C i] 0.9827/0.9852 µm lines is spatially extended. The [C i] line fluxes suggest that the electron density increased by an order of magnitude between 2013 and 2020, and that these two lines may soon disappear from the spectrum. The flux ratio of the 1.083 and 2.058 µm He i lines is consistent with the previously assumed interstellar extinction. The stellar photosphere remains elusive, and the central star may not be as hot as suggested by current evolutionary models.
Optical and near-infrared data and modelling of nova V5668 Sgr
Authors: Takeda L , Diaz M , Campbell R D , Lyke J E , Lawrence S S , Linford J D , Sokolovsky K V 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present Hubble Space Telescope optical images, Keck-OSIRIS near-infrared (NIR) integral field spectroscopy data cubes and Keck-Near InfraRed Camera-2 (NIRC2) NIR images of nova V5668 Sgr from 2016 to 2019. The observations indicate enhanced emission at the polar caps and equatorial torus for low-ionization lines, and enhanced high-ionization emission lines only at the polar caps. The radial velocities are compatible with a homogeneous expansion velocity of v = 590 km s−1 and a system inclination angle of 24°. These values were used to estimate an expansion parallax distance of 1200 ± 400 pc. The NIRC2 data indicate the presence of dust in 2016 and 2017, but no dust emission could be detected in 2019. The observational data were used for assembling 3D photoionization models of the ejecta. The model results indicate that the central source has a temperature of 1.88 × 105 K and a luminosity of 1.6 × 1035 erg s−1 in August of 2017 (2.4 yr post eruption), and that the shell has a mass of 6.3 × 10−5 M⊙. The models also suggest anisotropy of the ionizing flux, possibly by the contribution from a luminous accretion disc.
Forecasting Geomagnetic activity (Dst Index) using the ensemble kalman filter
Authors: Nilam B , Ram S Tulasi 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A novel Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method is adopted to make reliable forecasts of geomagnetic activity (Dst index) for real-time applications. In this method, an educated estimate (forecast) of Disturbance storm time (Dst) is made based on the ring current dynamics like injection and decay rates. This estimated Dst is further updated with the assimilation of real-time Dst values or ∆H values from a single ground based magnetometer observations. The forecasted Dst values by this EnKF method are validated with the true Dst during the severely disturbed period that consists of 2 super (Dst&lt; -250 nT), 8 intense (Dst&lt; -100 nT), and 13 moderate geomagnetic storms (Dst&lt; -50 nT). It is found that the EnKF method implemented in this work offers the best accurate forecast of Dst with a root mean square error (RMSE) and regression coefficient (R) of 4.3 nT and 0.99, respectively.
Evolution of random initial magnetic fields in stably stratified and barotropic stars
Authors: Becerra Laura , Reisenegger Andreas , Valdivia Juan Alejandro , Gusakov Mikhail E 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Long-lived magnetic fields are known to exist in upper main-sequence stars, white dwarfs, and neutron stars. In order to explore possible equilibrium configurations of the magnetic field inside these stars, we have performed 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the evolution of initially random magnetic fields in stably stratified and barotropic stars with an ideal-gas equation of state using the pencil code, a high-order finite-difference code for compressible hydrodynamic flows in the presence of magnetic fields. In barotropic (isentropic) stars, we confirm previous results in the sense that all initial magnetic fields we tried decay away, unable to reach a stable equilibrium. In the case of stably stratified stars (with radially increasing specific entropy), initially random magnetic fields appear to always evolve to a stable equilibrium. However, the nature of this equilibrium depends on the dissipation mechanisms considered. If magnetic diffusivity (or hyper-diffusivity) is included, the final state is more axially symmetric and dominated by large wavelengths than the initial state, whereas this is not the case if only viscosity (or hyper-viscosity) is present. In real stars, the main mechanism allowing them to relax to equilibrium is likely to be phase mixing, which we argue is more closely mimicked by viscosity. Therefore, we conclude that, depending on its formation mechanism, the equilibrium magnetic field in these stars could in principle be very asymmetric.
Mitogenomic analyses shed new light on phylogenetic relationships within the genus Ruditapes (Bivalvia: Veneridae)
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Ma Peizhen , Zhang Zhen , Li Cui , Hu Lisha , Wang Haiyan 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Ruditapes aspera is a member of the family Veneridae, the venus clams. This species is morphologically similar to other two globally economically important Ruditapes species, R. decussatus and R. philippinarum. Recent phylogenetic studies of Veneridae based on short DNA sequences have suggested that these species may be less closely related than originally thought. Relationships among species of Ruditapes clearly require further critical study. In this article, we show that the mitochondrial (mt) genome of R. aspera exhibits sex-linked heteroplasmy, that is doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI). Mitogenomic comparisons among three Ruditapes species showed that the features and gene arrangements of their mt genomes did not exhibit a high degree of similarity (this agrees with published data on other congeneric species of Veneridae) and that none of these species have a sister-group relationship with either of the other two species. These three species may belong to three different genera, but a fully revised classification will require considerable additional genomic and morphological data from a dense sampling of species and genera. Furthermore, we show that the pattern of relationships in our phylogeny of Ruditapes provides support for the polyphyletic origin of DUI.
A phage parasite deploys a nicking nuclease effector to inhibit viral host replication
Authors: LeGault Kristen N , Barth Zachary K , DePaola Peter , Seed Kimberley D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
PLEs (phage-inducible chromosomal island-like elements) are phage parasites integrated into the chromosome of epidemic Vibrio cholerae. In response to infection by its viral host ICP1, PLE excises, replicates and hijacks ICP1 structural components for transduction. Through an unknown mechanism, PLE prevents ICP1 from transitioning to rolling circle replication (RCR), a prerequisite for efficient packaging of the viral genome. Here, we characterize a PLE-encoded nuclease, NixI, that blocks phage development likely by nicking ICP1’s genome as it transitions to RCR. NixI-dependent cleavage sites appear in ICP1’s genome during infection of PLE(+) V. cholerae. Purified NixI demonstrates in vitro nuclease activity specifically for sites in ICP1’s genome and we identify a motif that is necessary for NixI-mediated cleavage. Importantly, NixI is sufficient to limit ICP1 genome replication and eliminate progeny production, representing the most inhibitory PLE-encoded mechanism revealed to date. We identify distant NixI homologs in an expanded family of putative phage parasites in vibrios that lack nucleotide homology to PLEs but nonetheless share genomic synteny with PLEs. More generally, our results reveal a previously unknown mechanism deployed by phage parasites to limit packaging of their viral hosts’ genome and highlight the prominent role of nuclease effectors as weapons in the arms race between antagonizing genomes.
Improved prediction of postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome using an artificial neural network
Authors: Sidpra Jai , Marcus Adam P , Löbel Ulrike , Toescu Sebastian M , Yecies Derek , Grant Gerald , Yeom Kristen , Mirsky David M , Marcus Hani J , Aquilina Kristian , Mankad Kshitij 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) is a common but severe complication that may arise following the resection of posterior fossa tumors in children. Two previous studies have aimed to preoperatively predict pCMS, with varying results. In this work, we examine the generalization of these models and determine if pCMS can be predicted more accurately using an artificial neural network (ANN).

Methods
An overview of reviews was performed to identify risk factors for pCMS, and a retrospective dataset was collected as per these defined risk factors from children undergoing resection of primary posterior fossa tumors. The ANN was trained on this dataset and its performance was evaluated in comparison to logistic regression and other predictive indices via analysis of receiver operator characteristic curves. The area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy were calculated and compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with P &lt; .05 considered statistically significant.

Results
Two hundred and four children were included, of whom 80 developed pCMS. The performance of the ANN (AUC 0.949; accuracy 90.9%) exceeded that of logistic regression (P &lt; .05) and both external models (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Using an ANN, we show improved prediction of pCMS in comparison to previous models and conventional methods.
Prevalence and Healthcare Burden of Fungal Infections in the United States, 2018
Authors: Rayens Emily , Norris Karen A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Fungal infections are responsible for &gt;1.5 million deaths globally per year, primarily in those with compromised immune function. This is concerning as the number of immunocompromised patients, especially in those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has risen in the past decade. The purpose of this analysis was to provide the current prevalence and impact of fungal disease in the United States.

Methods
We analyzed hospital discharge data from the most recent (2018) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, and outpatient visit data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Costs are presented in 2018 United States (US) dollars.

Results
In the 35.5 million inpatient visits documented in 2018 in the US, approximately 666 235 fungal infections were diagnosed, with an estimated attributable cost of $6.7 billion. Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, and Candida infections accounted for 76.3% of fungal infections diagnosed, and 81.1% of associated costs. Most fungal disease occurred in patients with elevated risk of infection. The visit costs, lengths of stay, and risks of mortality in this population were more than twice that of those without fungal diagnoses. A further 6.6 million fungal infections were diagnosed during outpatient visits.

Conclusions
Fungal disease is a serious clinical concern with substantial healthcare costs and significant increases in morbidity and mortality, particularly among predisposed patients. Increased surveillance, standardized treatment guidelines, and improvement in diagnostics and therapeutics are needed to support the rising numbers of at-risk patients.
Listeria-Associated Lymphadenitis: A Series of 11 Consecutive Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Blot Mathieu , Disson Olivier , Leclercq Alexandre , Moura Alexandra , Bracq-Dieye Hélène , Thouvenot Pierre , Valès Guillaume , Burroni Barbara , Lupo Audrey , Lecuit Marc , Charlier Caroline 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We studied 11 cases of culture-proven Listeria-associated lymphadenitis reported to the French National Reference Center for Listeria from 1994 to 2019 and 8 additional published cases. Listeria-associated lymphadenitis is rare, but it is associated with a mortality as high as for invasive listeriosis, and it is frequently diagnosed with concomitant neoplasia.
Understanding and Application of Daptomycin-Susceptible Dose-Dependent Category for Enterococcus: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Adema Jennifer L , Lake Laurel N , Stevens Ryan W , Hogan Breann M , Schuetz Audrey N , Tande Aaron J , Mara Kristin C , Eberly Allison R , Rivera Christina G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
In 2018, the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at our institution adopted updated daptomycin Enterococcus–susceptible dose-dependent breakpoints. While the introduction of susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) was intended to guide practice toward optimal dosing, the understanding and application of daptomycin SDD breakpoints for enterococci were unknown.

Methods
This mixed-methods study combined a clinician survey with a retrospective pre–post prescribing analysis. An 8-question survey was distributed to infectious diseases (ID) and internal medicine (IM) clinicians. A retrospective chart review of hospitalized adults with infections due to Enterococcus spp. was conducted before (pre-SDD) and after (post-SDD) adoption of SDD reporting for enterococci.

Results
Survey response rates were 40 of 98 (41%) for IM and 22 of 34 (65%) for ID clinicians. ID clinicians scored significantly higher than IM clinicians in knowledge of SDD. Chart review of 474 patients (225 pre- vs 249 post-SDD) showed that daptomycin dosage following susceptibility testing was significantly higher post-SDD compared with pre-SDD (8.5 mg/kg vs 6.4 mg/kg; P &lt; .001) with no difference in empiric dosing (6.3 mg/kg vs 6.2 mg/kg; P = .67). Definitive daptomycin use varied between the pre- and post-SDD periods (35.1% vs 16.9%; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The survey revealed that ID clinicians placed more importance on and had more confidence in the SDD category over IM clinicians. SDD reporting was associated with a change in definitive daptomycin dosing. ID specialist involvement is recommended in the care of infections due to enterococci for which daptomycin is reported as SDD given their expertise.
Clinical Utilization of DiaSorin Molecular Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Damhorst Gregory L , Broder Kari J , Overton Elizabeth C , Rara Ronelio , Busch Lindsay M , Burd Eileen M , Webster Andrew S , Kraft Colleen S , Babiker Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Pneumocystis jirovecii polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is a sensitive diagnostic tool but does not distinguish infection from colonization. Cycle threshold (CT) may correlate with fungal burden and could be considered in clinical decision making. Clinical use of PCR and significance of CT values have not previously been examined with the DiaSorin Molecular platform.

Methods
Retrospective review of P jirovecii PCR, CT values and clinical data from 18 months in a multihospital academic health system. The diagnostic performance of PCR with respect to pathology and correlation of CT with severity were examined.

Results
Ninety-nine of 1006 (9.8%) assays from 786 patients in 919 encounters were positive. Among 91 (9.9%) encounters in which P jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) was treated, 41 (45%) were influenced by positive PCR. Negative PCR influenced discontinuation of therapy in 35 cases. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR were 93% (95% CI, 68%–100%) and 94% (95% CI, 91%–96%) with respect to pathology. CT values from deep respiratory specimens were significantly different among treated patients (P = .04) and those with positive pathology results (P &lt; .0001) compared to patients not treated and those with negative pathology, respectively, and was highly predictive of positive pathology results (area under the curve = 0.92). No significant difference was observed in comparisons based on indicators of disease severity.

Conclusions
Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR was a highly impactful tool in the diagnosis and management of PJP, and use of CT values may have value in the treatment decision process in select cases. Further investigation in a prospective manner is needed.