bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Judaism between Religion and Race: Reflections on Mordecai Kaplan and Jewish Whiteness
Authors: Isseroff Judah 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTMordecai Kaplan's Judaism as a Civilization (1934) is most often read as Kaplan's effort at a rapprochement between Judaism and America. In contrast to conventional readings of that work, this article highlights Kaplan's suspicion of America, and liberal modernity more generally, by engaging with his analysis of the categories of religion and race. Kaplan, I argue, is haunted by the prospect that in adopting either of these categories, American Judaism will surrender its particularity and collectivity to the liberal, ultimately Christian, state. Indeed, in his own context, Kaplan considered Reform Judaism to be proof of the perils of Jewish accommodation of either category. The article attends to Kaplan's analysis of religion and race as an unlikely resource for thinking through a number of contemporary issues with respect to religion, race, and Jewishness in American life. I argue that Kaplan's anxieties about Christianity and modern liberalism demonstrate a striking prescience about the denaturing of American Judaism in its being annexed to whiteness. The article puts Kaplan into conversation with James Baldwin, who clearly saw Jewish whiteness as yet another casualty of conquest by that “old, rugged Roman cross.” Finally, Kaplan's comments in Civilization about anti-Black racism are few. Read together with his diary, however, they evince sensitivity to the religious constraints put on Black life in America. This article thus concludes by putting Kaplan in conversation with Sylvester Johnson's work on “Black ethnics” and Judith Weisenfeld's research on “religio-racial movements.” This engagement suggests that Kaplan's analysis is not specific to Judaism only, but is more broadly related to the issue of how the modern logics of religion and race continue to discipline expressions of otherness that do not abide by the boundaries of these categories. Kaplan thus contributes an important Jewish vantage on the continued over-determination of American religious life by white Christianity.
TIGHT UNIVERSAL SUMS OF m-GONAL NUMBERS
Authors: JU JANGWON , KIM MINGYU 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor a positive integer n, let
$\mathcal T(n)$
denote the set of all integers greater than or equal to n. A sum of generalised m-gonal numbers g is called tight
$\mathcal T(n)$
-universal if the set of all nonzero integers represented by g is equal to
$\mathcal T(n)$
. We prove the existence of a minimal tight
$\mathcal T(n)$
-universality criterion set for a sum of generalised m-gonal numbers for any pair
$(m,n)$
. To achieve this, we introduce an algorithm giving all candidates for tight
$\mathcal T(n)$
-universal sums of generalised m-gonal numbers. Furthermore, we provide some experimental results on the classification of tight
$\mathcal T(n)$
-universal sums of generalised m-gonal numbers.
Fertiliser use efficiency, production risks and profitability of maize on smallholder farms in East Africa
Authors: Kiwia Abednego , Kimani David , Harawa Rebbie , Jama Bashir , Sileshi Gudeta W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of fertilisers in maize production has been the focus for many years of agronomic studies on research stations in East Africa. However, information on production risks and profitability of fertiliser use on smallholder farms is generally lacking because most of the early studies have focused on mean yields and yield components on research stations. This study applied rigorous analyses to determine conditions under which (1) production risks are low; (2) the recommended nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertiliser rates achieve a yield target of ≥3 t ha−1 believed to be a necessary condition to kick start a smallholder-led ‘green revolution’ in Africa and (3) N and P fertiliser use is profitable on smallholder farms in East Africa. Analysis of data from 464 on-farm trials in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda revealed significant variations in production risks and nutrient use efficiency with season and soil type. On most sites, except in Uganda, production risks were lower with the recommended N and P fertilisers than the control during both the short and long rains. Production risks were three to four times higher with N and P fertiliser relative to the control on Lixisols and Ferralsols, but such risks were much lower on Nitisols, Leptosols, Vertisols, Plinthosols and Cambisols. The probability of exceeding grain yields of 3 t ha−1 with the recommended N and P rates was over 0.60 on Nitisols and Leptosols, but less than 0.20 on Lixisols and Plinthosols. The agronomic use efficiencies of N (AEN), P (AEP) and value cost ratios (VCR) were highest on Cambisols and lowest on Plinthosols. The VCR increased linearly with increase in AEN (R2 = 0.92) and AEP (R2 = 0.87) and less so with increase in grain yields (R2 = 0.47–0.60). Net present values indicated profitably of N and P fertiliser over the long term in only 30% of the site by season combinations in Uganda compared with 69% in Kenya, 81% in Rwanda and 84% in Tanzania. Patterns of N use efficiencies were different from P use efficiencies across soil types. Therefore, we recommend that N and P fertilisers should be appropriately targeted to soils where applied nutrients are used efficiently by maize crops.
Fractures in the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, Canada: distribution, connectivity, and geohazard implications
Authors: Formenti Serena , Peace Alexander , Eyles Carolyn , Lee Rebecca , Waldron John WF 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Niagara Escarpment is a geological feature located in southern Ontario, Canada, and the northeastern United States, comprising highly fractured sandstone, shale and carbonates deposited during the Ordovician and Silurian periods. Differential erosion of the strata has generated a steep cliff face which bisects the city of Hamilton, Ontario. Geological fractures are widespread in the escarpment and result in the formation of unstable blocks of rock subject to erosion through rockfall. This presents structural stability issues of concern due to the proximity of the escarpment to urban infrastructure. We quantify and analyse fracture networks in the escarpment using a combined field- and numerical-modelling-based approach. The location, orientation and aperture of fractures were documented from local outcrops using scanline and area survey methods. Clusters of poles describing the orientation of geological discontinuities were identified in spherical projections, defining three sets: (1) a sub-vertical stratabound set striking N–S, (2) a sub-vertical stratabound set striking E–W, and (3) a set parallel to horizontal sedimentary bedding planes which we infer controlled sub-vertical fracture geometry. Discrete fracture network modelling of fracture sets highlights their high degree of connectivity, and contribution to local geohazards, and quantifies their role in controlling fluid flow through escarpment strata, which is dependent on fracture aperture. Additionally, bedding planes have the potential to act as free surfaces, facilitating stress conditions in which approximately cuboid blocks are produced, and increasing the risk of rockfalls. We conclude that fractures present a first-order control on the fluid-flow properties and stability of the Niagara Escarpment.
Population genetic structure and morphological diversity ofCruzia tentaculata(Nematoda: Ascaridida), a parasite of marsupials (Didelphinae), along the Atlantic Forest on the eastern coast of South America
Authors: Souza Renata , Vilela Roberto do Val , Gentile Rosana , Lopes-Torres Eduardo José , Cordeiro-Estrela Pedro , Moratelli Ricardo , da Costa-Neto Sócrates Fraga , Cardoso Thiago dos Santos , Varella Karina , Maldonado Júnior Arnaldo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCruzia tentaculatais a helminth parasite of marsupials and has a wide geographic distribution from Mexico to Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic population structure of this nematode along the Atlantic Forest biome.Cruzia tentaculataspecimens were recovered fromDidelphis aurita,Didelphis albiventrisandPhilander quicain 9 localities. Morphological and morphometric data were investigated for phenotypic diversity among localities and hosts using multivariate discriminant analysis of principal components. Phylogenetic relationships ofC. tentaculatawere determined using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The population structure was analysed by fixation indices, molecular variance analysis, Tajima'sDand Fu'sFs neutrality tests, Mantel tests and Bayesian clustering analysis. A higher significant morphometric difference for males was observed between localities. In the haplogroup networks, 2 groups were recovered, separating locations from the north and from the south/southeast. The morphometric variation inC.tentaculatabetween different localities was compatible with this north and southeast/south pattern, suggesting adaptation to different ecological conditions. Population genetic analyses suggested a pattern of evolutionary processes driven by Pleistocene glacial refugia in the northeast and southeast of the Atlantic Forest based on the distribution of genetic diversity.
The short-term development of performance and aerobic endurance following prolonged low-intensity ski trekking in Svalbard: A case study
Authors: Jarstad Even , Mamen Asgeir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this case study was to examine the short-term development of performance and aerobic endurance following prolonged low-intensity ski trekking (LIST) in an Arctic region. Two male recreational athletes (aged 24 and 26 years) with high aerobic fitness performed LIST 7 ± 2 h·day−1for 23 consecutive days, while hauling sledges (∼80 kg initially) with supplies from the north to the south of Svalbard (∼640 km). Time to exhaustion, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), lactate threshold (LT) and work economy were evaluated at pre- and post-trek. The results showed that the absolute and relative exercise intensity during LIST were ∼3.9 km·h−1and ∼60% of maximal heart rate, respectively. Time to exhaustion during a ∼4–6 min ramp walking test, and a >45 min stepwise walking test, while pulling 12.5 kg weights (simulation of ski trekking with loaded sledge), increased by 11–17% and 3–9%, respectively, following LIST. Body mass and V̇O2maxrelative to body mass (ml·kg−1·min−1) decreased by 5–8% and increased by 3–8%, respectively. Furthermore, the workload associated with LT and LT percentage of V̇O2maxincreased by 39–69% and 12–13%, respectively. No notable change in work economy was observed. The mean pace during LIST (∼3.9 km·h−1) corresponded to the treadmill walking speed (4 km·h−1) with the lowest oxygen cost (mL·kg−1·m−1) in both participants. It can be concluded that short-term prolonged LIST can improve ski trek-simulated performance and fractional utilisation of V̇O2maxin recreational athletes with high aerobic fitness. Moreover, highly aerobically fit ski trekkers appear to instinctively choose the most energy-efficient pace during LIST.
Scaling of indirect defences in Central American swollen-thorn acacias
Authors: Amador-Vargas Sabrina , González Yorlenis , Guevara Maikol , Gijsman Finote 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyrmecophytes may adjust the investment on ant rewards, depending on tree size and ant defence level. In swollen-thorn acacias (Vachellia collinsii), we tested whether the level of protection provided by the resident ants (defending vs. non-defending) influenced the relation between tree size and ant rewards, or between types of ant rewards (housing and food). We quantified ant rewards in trees occupied by defending and by non-defending ants. We predicted: (1) a positive relation between plant diameter and ant reward investment, with a steeper slope for defending than for non-defending ant species; and (2) that if there is any tradeoff between ant rewards, it should be aggravated (steeper slope) when inhabited by non-defending ants. We found that most structures for ants grew according to plant diameter, but contrary to our first prediction it was independent of the level of ant defence. Most ant rewards did not show a tradeoff between them, besides a weak negative relation between spine length and number of pinnules, which contrary to the prediction occurred when occupied by defending ants. The evidence shows that the interacting ants had a weaker influence on the scaling of defence structures in myrmecophytes than the habitat (location).
COLLECTION FRAMES FOR DISTRIBUTIVE SUBSTRUCTURAL LOGICS
Authors: RESTALL GREG , STANDEFER SHAWN 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a new frame semantics for positive relevant and substructural propositional logics. This frame semantics is both a generalisation of Routley–Meyer ternary frames and a simplification of them. The key innovation of this semantics is the use of a single accessibility relation to relate collections of points to points. Different logics are modeled by varying the kinds of collections used: they can be sets, multisets, lists or trees. We show that collection frames on trees are sound and complete for the basic positive distributive substructural logic
$\mathsf {B}^+$
, that collection frames on multisets are sound and complete for
$\mathsf {RW}^+$
(the relevant logic
$\mathsf {R}^+$
, without contraction, or equivalently, positive multiplicative and additive linear logic with distribution for the additive connectives), and that collection frames on sets are sound for the positive relevant logic
$\mathsf {R}^+$
. The completeness of set frames for
$\mathsf {R}^+$
is, currently, an open question.
Separatism and identity: a comparative analysis of the Basque and Catalan cases
Authors: Ansolabehere Stephen , Puy M. Socorro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of elections to change our emotions and modify the relevance that voters assign to self-interest and group-identity issues. We examine this question by analyzing the 1998–2016 period of the Catalan and Basque regional elections. The analysis exploits that Basques pushed to leave Spain in the early 2000s, and Catalans pursued independence about fifteen years later. When the separatist goal emerges, two issues gain relevance. First, there is a significant rise of identity politics, associated with the territory’s culture and language, to the detriment of other issues that traditionally explain vote choice, such as the left-right ideology, the degree of regional autonomy, or the economic discontent. Second, the territory becomes more divisive, big cities align against dominant separatist parties, and rural areas align with independentists. We conclude that material self-interests dilute and group-identity factors emerge to determine vote decisions in times of national dissolution.
A Constrained Approach by Curie Point Depth Estimation for the 3‐D Inversion of Regional Lithospheric Magnetic Anomaly Data in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to the Northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Sun Shida , Du Jinsong , Zhi Jianli , Chen Chao , Xu Hongrui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3‐D) inversion of regional lithospheric magnetic anomaly data not only needs to be performed in the spherical coordinate system but also requires valid constraint information to suppress the nonuniqueness. We present a constrained inversion approach of regional magnetic data at near‐surface altitudes to recover a 3‐D susceptibility model in spherical coordinates. First, we use a synthetically forward modeling experiment to illustrate that a 3‐D model with susceptibility variations along the depth direction should be considered when the altitude of magnetic data is 5 km above the WGS84 ellipsoid. We then choose the least‐squares algorithm to recover the lithospheric susceptibility model. Meanwhile, a model objective function including sensitivity‐based weighting function and bottom depth constraint of the source (i.e., Curie point depth, CPD) is introduced to stabilize the inversion and guide an optimal solution. Both the synthetic test and the application to the real data over the Northern Xinjiang indicate that the constrained inversion approach is effective to obtain a geologically reasonable result above the CPD. The recovered 3‐D susceptibility distribution under the Northern Xinjiang corresponds well to the extension of the main tectonic frame. All the rigid and cold blocks are imaged as high‐susceptibility anomalies, whereas the pronounced low‐susceptibility anomalous body is observed beneath the Tianshan. In addition, the earthquakes are mostly (>95%) located in areas where the susceptibility is smaller than 0.03 SI and vertically integrated susceptibility is smaller than 0.8 SIkm.
Tectonic Evolution of the Nevado‐Filábride Complex (Sierra de Los Filábres, Southeastern Spain): Insights From New Structural and Geochronological Data
Authors: Porkoláb Kristóf , Matenco Liviu , Hupkes Jasper , Willingshofer Ernst , Wijbrans Jan , van Schrojenstein Lantman Hugo , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe high‐pressure metamorphic Nevado‐Filábride Complex (NFC) in the Betics mountain range of southeastern Spain exhibits continental and ocean‐derived tectonic units, which are key for understanding the geodynamic evolution of the Western Mediterranean. We address the current debate in the definition of tectonic units, the emplacement of (ultra)mafic rocks, and the timing of burial metamorphism by conducting a structural study combined with single grain fusion 40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas in structurally critical outcrops of the eastern Sierra de Los Filábres. One older 40Ar/39Ar age population (38–27 Ma) is found at distance from the main shear zones in the relics of an early foliation, while a younger 40Ar/39Ar population (22–12 Ma) is dominant in the vicinity of these shear zones, where the early foliation is obliterated. Both age groups are interpreted as the record of deformation or fluid‐induced recrystallization during distinct fabric‐forming events, while alternative scenarios are discussed. A key observation is the presence of an ophiolitic mélange, which—together with new and published geochronological data—allows for a new tectonic hypothesis. This considers Paleogene subduction beneath a Jurassic oceanic lithosphere, followed by the continued subduction of NFC and overlying ophiolites below the Alpujárride Complex. Exhumation during westward slab roll‐back led to the formation of an extensional detachment system that obliquely cut nappe contacts. Although the timing constraints for high pressure‐low temperature (HP‐LT) metamorphism in the NFC remain inconclusive, the new tectonic hypothesis provides a solution that can account for both Paleogene and Miocene ages of HP‐LT metamorphism.
Multivariate Analysis of Compound Flood Hazard Across Canada's Atlantic, Pacific and Great Lakes Coastal Areas
Authors: Jalili Pirani Farshad , Najafi Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompound flooding, caused by the simultaneous or successive occurrence of two or more flood mechanisms, is mainly associated with extreme precipitation, river overflows, and storm tides across coastal areas. The interdependencies between these components can increase the risks of flood impacts, threatening coastal communities and infrastructure systems. This study quantifies the corresponding multivariate hazard over Canada's coastal areas by characterizing the dependencies between multiple drivers of flooding based on the C‐vine copula statistical approach. The joint return periods of compound flooding considering the AND, OR, and Kendall scenarios are estimated and the corresponding failure probabilities are assessed. Further, the compound hazard ratio (CHR) index is applied to quantify possible under‐ or overestimations of the flood hazards when individual drivers are assessed independently. Analyses are performed at 41 locations across the Atlantic, Pacific, and the Great Lakes coasts, and the uncertainties are quantified based on the Bayes theorem. Results show that at approximately 50% of locations (mostly at the Great Lakes), the flood hazard associated with the AND scenario increases considerably when the dependencies are characterized compared to the (unrealistic) independence scenario, indicating the potential for compound flooding in these regions. Besides, at more than half of the studied locations, the CHR index exceeds one highlighting the interrelationships between drivers of flooding. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the flood mechanisms and their interdependencies across Canada's coasts, which support the development of resilient structures and improved coastal flood management.
High‐Resolution Poynting Flux Statistics From the Swarm Mission: How Much Is Being Underestimated at Larger Scales?
Authors: Billett D. D. , McWilliams K. A. , Pakhotin I. P. , Burchill J. K. , Knudsen D. J. , Martin C. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderestimation of the transfer of energy between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, the Poynting flux, is a persistent issue in space weather studies and the high‐latitude ionospheric models. Thought to be due to the inability to resolve small‐scale fluctuations of the ionospheric electric field, this underestimation could lead to significant further underestimations in parameters such as the thermospheric mass density and consequential satellite drag. Utilizing 16 Hz ion velocity and magnetic field measurements from the Swarm satellite mission, we examine the observed Poynting flux due to electric field fluctuations on very small spatial scales (∼1 km), and then artificially smooth the data to increase the observed scale. We quantify the decrease of integrated Poynting flux, poleward of 60/‐60° geomagnetic latitude, with increasing spatial scale. The decrease can be underestimated by as much as 15% by increasing scale from 1 km to only 8.6 km, or 16–2 Hz equivalent, with upward Poynting flux decreasing significantly faster. Our results thus point to a significant Alfvén wave driven component of the Poynting flux on kilometer scales. Additionally, we observe a northern hemisphere preference for increased Poynting flux, of which we examine its dependence on scale size and interplanetary magnetic field.
Rising complexity of the OAM beam structure as a way to a higher data capacity
Authors: Pryamikov Andrey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStandard vortex beams carrying different OAM (optical angular momentum) modes can provide independent communication channels for information transmission. However, they are unable to reach the capacity limit of a communication channel due to a rapid divergence of the beams with high values of the OAM order. The solution can be found by using multi-vortex geometric beams.