bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Parametric Representation to Dynamical System: Shifting Views of the Motor Cortex in Motor Control
Authors: Wang Tianwei , Chen Yun , Cui He 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn contrast to traditional representational perspectives in which the motor cortex is involved in motor control via neuronal preference for kinetics and kinematics, a dynamical system perspective emerging in the last decade views the motor cortex as a dynamical machine that generates motor commands by autonomous temporal evolution. In this review, we first look back at the history of the representational and dynamical perspectives and discuss their explanatory power and controversy from both empirical and computational points of view. Here, we aim to reconcile the above perspectives, and evaluate their theoretical impact, future direction, and potential applications in brain-machine interfaces.
The rainfall thresholds and soil characteristics of large geological disasters in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Ding Jin , Zhang Guoping , Gao Jinbing , Wang Shudong , Xue Bing , Wang Kuoyin , Yang Jing , Jiang Ruijiao , Lian Junbiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on observed minute precipitation data during Lekima influencing Zhejiang (from 2019–08-07 00:00:00 to 2019–08-12 23:55:00), the rainfall thresholds for debris flow and landslide are investigated. The rainfall intensity and duration (I-D) thresholds are I = 1247.73D−403.44 + 19.09 and I = 142.63D−0.58–3.37 for debris flow and landslide, respectively. Hourly meteorological data and soil data reveal that (1) the soil volume water content (SVWC) at deep soil layers (50–100 cm) fluctuated continuously during the occurrence of debris flow and landslide. At the end of the landslide period, SVWC at deep soil layers returned stable. (2) At the same soil layer, there was little difference between the upper adjacent values of SVWC in the periods of debris flow and landslide, but the lower adjacent values in the period of landslide were smaller. However, different from the distribution of soil moisture, the lower adjacent values of the soil temperature at all layers were basically the same when debris flow and landslide occurred, while the upper adjacent values were higher when landslide occurred than when debris flow occurred. (3) Compared with the whole typhoon influencing period and debris flow occurrence period, ground surface temperature and surface air temperature, soil temperature, and surface air temperature showed better correlations in landslide occurrence period. (4) Both during debris flow and landslide occurrence time, the soil temperature at all layers did not change with the change of soil depth. Soil temperature and moisture at shallow soil layers owned better correlations than at deep soil layers.
Texture and anisotropy of hot-pressed h-BN matrix composite ceramics with in situ formed YAG
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Duan Xiaoming , Tian Zhuo , Wang Yujin , Wang Lan , Chen Lei , Qiu Baofu , Cai Delong , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTextured hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) matrix composite ceramics were prepared by hot-pressing using different contents of 3Y2O3−5Al2O3 (molar ratio of 3:5) as the sintering additive. During hot-pressing, the liquid Y3Al5O12 (YAG) phase showing good wettability to h-BN grains was in situ formed through the reaction between Y2O3 and Al2O3, and a coherent relationship between h-BN and YAG was observed with $${\left[ {010} \right]_{{\rm{h}} - {\rm{BN}}}}{\rm{//}}{\left[ {111} \right]_{{\rm{YAG}}}}$$

[

010

]

h
−
BN

//

[

111

]

YAG

and (002)h-BN//(321)YAG. In the YAG liquid phase environment formed during hot-pressing, plate-like h-BN grains were rotated under the uniaxial sintering pressure and preferentially oriented with their basal surfaces perpendicular to the sintering pressure direction, forming textured microstructures with the c-axis of h-BN grains oriented parallel to the sintering pressure direction, which give these composite ceramics anisotropy in their mechanical and thermal properties. The highest texture degree was found in the specimen with 30 wt% YAG, which also possesses the highest anisotropy degree in thermal conductivity. The aggregation of YAG phase was observed in the specimen with 40 wt% YAG, which resulted in the buckling of h-BN plates and significantly reduced the texture degree.
Achieving ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave absorption in high-entropy transition metal carbides (HE TMCs)
Authors: Zhang Weiming , Xiang Huimin , Dai Fu-Zhi , Zhao Biao , Wu Shijiang , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectronic devices pervade everyday life, which has triggered severe electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution. To face this challenge, developing EM wave absorbers with ultra-broadband absorption capacity is critically required. Currently, nano-composite construction has been widely utilized to realize impedance match and broadband absorption. However, complex experimental procedures, limited thermal stability, and interior oxidation resistance are still unneglectable issues. Therefore, it is appealing to realize ultra-broadband EM wave absorption in single-phase materials with good stability. Aiming at this target, two high-entropy transition metal carbides (HE TMCs) including (Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C (HE TMC-2) and (Cr,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C (HE TMC-3) are designed and synthesized, of which the microwave absorption performance is investigated in comparison with previously reported (Ti,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)C (HE TMC-1). Due to the synergistic effects of dielectric and magnetic losses, HE TMC-2 and HE TMC-3 exhibit better impedance match and wider effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). In specific, the exclusion of Ti element in HE TMC-2 endows it optimal minimum reflection loss (RLmin) and EAB of −41.7 dB (2.11 mm, 10.52 GHz) and 3.5 GHz (at 3.0 mm), respectively. Remarkably, the incorporation of Cr element in HE TMC-3 significantly improves the impedance match, thus realizing EAB of 10.5, 9.2, and 13.9 GHz at 2, 3, and 4 mm, respectively. The significance of this study lays on realizing ultra-broadband capacity in HE TMC-3 (Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta), demonstrating the effectiveness of high-entropy component design in tailoring the impedance match.
High-entropy perovskite RETa3O9 ceramics for high-temperature environmental/thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Baihui , Guo Jun , Zhu Yuke , Feng Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFour high-entropy perovskite (HEP) RETa3O9 samples were fabricated via a spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, and the corresponding thermophysical properties and underlying mechanisms were investigated for environmental/thermal barrier coating (E/TBC) applications. The prepared samples maintained low thermal conductivity (1.50 W·m−1·K−1), high hardness (10 GPa), and an appropriate Young’s modulus (180 GPa), while the fracture toughness increased to 2.5 MPa·m1/2. Nanoindentation results showed the HEP ceramics had excellent mechanical properties and good component homogeneity. We analysed the influence of different parameters (the disorder parameters of the electronegativity, ionic radius, and atomic mass, as well as the tolerance factor) of A-site atoms on the thermal conductivity. Enhanced thermal expansion coefficients, combined with a high melting point and extraordinary phase stability, expanded the applications of the HEP RETa3O9. The results of this study had motivated a follow-up study on tantalate high-entropy ceramics with desirable properties.
Mid-air gestures for in-vehicle media player: elicitation, segmentation, recognition, and eye-tracking testing
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wang Wei-Xing , Huang Si-Yuan , Luo Rui-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There was a problem of great distraction in traditional touch interactive operation of in-vehicle information interface, but the application of gesture recognition technology on in-vehicle system improved this problem. However, users had less experience in this new interactive mode, and the cognitive deviation of the agreement between gestures and commands could directly affect the safety of drivers. The main purpose of this paper was to obtain the user's preference mid-air gestures for the in-vehicle information interface by using the user-elicitation method. In addition, the optimized gesture recognition network structure was applied to the prototype system of in-vehicle information interaction with user-defined mid-air gestures developed by us, and the effectiveness of the system was evaluated by collecting eye movement indicators of users through the simulation of driving eye movement experiments. In the process of user elicitation, the principle of command prompt and agreement rate was introduced. According to the agreement rate elicited by users (AR = .397), we got the gesture consensus set design direction of in-vehicle information control. The experimental results of the eye movement index showed that the method of user-defined mid-air gestures can effectively improve driving safety on in-vehicle media control, and reduced the distraction of users when driving compared with the traditional touch-based method.

Article highlights

The user's preferred in-vehicle media control task gestures were obtained through the user elicitation method.

Constructed an in-vehicle secondary task control prototype system based on gesture recognition.

The eye movement experiment proved that the prototype system can reduce the user's distraction when operating the in-vehicle's secondary tasks.
Using a metacognitive learning approach to enhance students’ critical thinking skills through mathematics education
Authors: Syaiful  , Huda Nizlel , Mukminin Amirul , Kamid  
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to describe how the metacognitive learning approach (MLA) helped a university's mathematics lecturer enhance students' Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills (MCTS) through mathematics learning. It is an experimental study using a pretest–posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were the students of Mathematics education at a university. The instrument used was the MCTS test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA at the level of significant 0.01. The results of data analysis showed that the MCTS of students who learned with an MLA is better than students who study conventionally, and learning using an MLA has the same effectiveness in increasing the MCTS of students from the low, medium, and high-level subgroups.
Embedded magnetorquer for the more demanding multi-cube small satellites
Authors: Ali A. , Chao W. , Khan S.A. , Tong J. , Reyneri L.M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recent development in the miniaturisation of small satellites and their subsystems has opened a new window of research for the universities around the globe. The low-cost, lightweight, small and flexible satellites have resulted in a broad range of multi-cube format small satellites, constructed from one-to-many adjoined cubes, having total mass between 1 and 10kg. The most challenging design part of the small satellites is to implant a large number of subsystems in a limited space. In order to resolve this issue, the designers are trying to shrink down the subsystem’s dimensions further. In this paper, a magnetorquer coil is designed and analysed for a 4U (4 units cube; 33 × 33 × 16.5)cm3 and 8U (8 units cube; 33 × 33 × 33)cm3 multi-cube small satellites, respectively. The coil is embedded in the six internal layers of an eight-layers printed circuit board (PCB). The designed magnetorquer system is fully reconfigurable and multiple coils configurations can be achieved by attaching them in series, parallel and hybrid arrangements. Due to embedded nature, the heat generated by the coil may damage the components mounted on the PCB outer surfaces. Therefore, thermal analysis is performed to ensure that the coil generated heat will not cross the PCB components temperature safety limits. All the possible combinations of the coils are analysed for current drawn, power consumption, heat dissipation, magnetic moment generation and resultant torque. A desired torque can be attained by using a particular coil configuration at the cost of specific amount of consumed power and PCB surface thermals.
Ergodic theorem in CAT(0) spaces in terms of inductive means
Authors: ANTEZANA JORGE , GHIGLIONI EDUARDO , STOJANOFF DEMETRIO 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet
$(G,+)$
be a compact, abelian, and metrizable topological group. In this group we take
$g\in G$
such that the corresponding automorphism
$\tau _g$
is ergodic. The main result of this paper is a new ergodic theorem for functions in
$L^1(G,M)$
, where M is a Hadamard space. The novelty of our result is that we use inductive means to average the elements of the orbit
$\{\tau _g^n(h)\}_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$
. The advantage of inductive means is that they can be explicitly computed in many important examples. The proof of the ergodic theorem is done firstly for continuous functions, and then it is extended to
$L^1$
functions. The extension is based on a new construction of mollifiers in Hadamard spaces. This construction has the advantage that it only uses the metric structure and the existence of barycenters, and does not require the existence of an underlying vector space. For this reason, it can be used in any Hadamard space, in contrast to those results that need to use the tangent space or some chart to define the mollifier.
Interruption of a Presidential Press Conference by Some Television Broadcast Stations: Censorship or a Valid Innovative Measure to Combat Fake News?
Authors: Fuentes Juan-Andrés 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCensorship normally refers to the Government's actions to ban different forms of freedom of speech (i.e. suppression of words or images). However, cries of censorship were heard as a result of the decision taken by television broadcast networks to interrupt the transmission of a Presidential press conference in November 2020. Some interpreted this act as censorship against public authorities. Others thought it was a legal (and necessary) measure to combat fake news. This article addresses whether the decision to limit a televised broadcast by President Trump was censorship or, alternatively, whether it was a valid, innovative measure to fight fake news. To tackle these issues, it is necessary that some of the related duties and rights television broadcast stations have before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), governmental authority in charge of these matters, must be revised.
The Impact of Thailand's Migrant Worker Law on Literacy and Social Media among Ethnic Shan Female Migrants from Myanmar
Authors: Intahchomphoo Channarong , Vellino André , Gundersen Odd Erik , Jarusawat Piyapat , Wongjamras Pranee , Tschirhart Naomi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article studies the social and technological barriers that prevent documented and undocumented female migrants in Thailand's Chiang Mai Province from improving their literacy skills and using social media such as Facebook. In July 2019, our team conducted nine focus-group discussions (FGD) with 38 participants using a picture sorting activity. Using graphics in the FGDs helped us to better engage with migrant populations with low literacy skills. Demographic information of each FGD participant was also collected. Findings show that Thailand's current laws for migrant workers are the barrier that have negative impacts on literacy improvement and social media usage among both documented and undocumented ethnic Shan female migrants from Myanmar. As Thailand's law only permits migrants to work in labor-intensive jobs with minimum wage and no benefits, they do not have time and energy to spend on learning the Thai language and other skills. This reduces the migrants’ abilities to interact with Facebook. Additionally, undocumented migrants could not buy a SIM card with the cellular data plan to use their Facebook account directly from their cellphones because Thailand's laws require all network providers to officially register all SIM card purchases and only sell to documented persons.
SPECIALISING TREES WITH SMALL APPROXIMATIONS I
Authors: MOHAMMADPOUR RAHMAN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAssuming
$\mathrm{PFA}$
, we shall use internally club
$\omega _1$
-guessing models as side conditions to show that for every tree T of height
$\omega _2$
without cofinal branches, there is a proper and
$\aleph _2$
-preserving forcing notion with finite conditions which specialises T. Moreover, the forcing has the
$\omega _1$
-approximation property.
Contesting Juridical Authority: Sharia, Marriage, and Morality in Habsburg Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Bumann Ninja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing the Habsburg occupation of Bosnia, the newly built administration integrated much of the existing plural Ottoman legal system into its own. The ensuing transformation of Sharia courts saw them given “special jurisdiction” in the areas of Muslim marriage and divorce, which, in turn, fueled several legal challenges, such as how (if at all) they could prosecute “runaway” wives und unlawful marriages. This article analyzes how such legal challenges were endemic to the “translation” and transposing of Ottoman concepts of law, marriage, and morality within the new administrative setting on the basis of Sharia court records. In examining these debates, contested on the one side by Bosnian qadis and on the other by Habsburg officials, it becomes clear that Islamic and Ottoman legal understandings were reinterpreted strategically to support different views as to how an Islamic judiciary could be best integrated into the (predominantly Christian) Habsburg monarchy.
Position control of a planar cable-driven parallel robot using reinforcement learning
Authors: Sancak Caner , Yamac Fatma , Itik Mehmet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a method based on reinforcement learning (RL) for point-to-point and dynamic reference position tracking control of a planar cable-driven parallel robots, which is a multi-input multi-output system (MIMO). The method eliminates the use of a tension distribution algorithm in controlling the system’s dynamics and inherently optimizes the cable tensions based on the reward function during the learning process. The deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is utilized for training the RL agents in point-to-point and dynamic reference tracking tasks. The performances of the two agents are tested on their specifically trained tasks. Moreover, we also implement the agent trained for point-to-point tasks on the dynamic reference tracking and vice versa. The performances of the RL agents are compared with a classical PD controller. The results show that RL can perform quite well without the requirement of designing different controllers for each task if the system’s dynamics is learned well.
Should We Pay for Scientific Knowledge Spillovers? The Underappreciated Value of “Failed” R&D Efforts
Authors: Xie Richard Z. , Towse Adrian , Garrison Louis P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent experience with COVID-19 has reminded us of the importance of scientific progress in enabling pharmaceutical innovation. Developing novel therapies is a highly risky but rewarding process: it not only produces innovative drugs, but also valuable scientific knowledge that benefits the community of innovators. This paper examines whether the existing reward system for pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) leads to socially optimal levels of scientific knowledge generation and sharing, with a particular focus on the value of failures in the pharmaceutical R&D efforts. We first outline a conceptual approach based on the idea that pharmaceutical R&D efforts produce both medicines and scientific knowledge, and illustrate this with some examples of how failures may generate information beneficial to concurrent and subsequent R&D efforts. We then summarize the relatively small literature on failures in pharmaceutical R&D and their impact on R&D decision making. Lastly, we discuss several market-based and nonmarket-based policy approaches that can address potential shortcomings in the current reward system which may lead to suboptimal R&D and knowledge sharing.
Flexural Subsidence Around Ross Island, West Antarctica
Authors: Jha Sumant , Harry Dennis L. , Wenman Christopher P. , Mayle Micah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRoss Island is located in the southern Victoria Land Basin along the western margin of the West Antarctic Rift System. Episodic volcanism since ca. 4.6 Ma produced a discontinuous sedimentary moat around the island, coeval with regional extension. The moat is a composite of four smaller sub‐basins created during distinct episodes of volcanism. Subsidence within each sub‐basin is modeled as bending of a continuous elastic plate, first considering subsidence that occurred only during the time in which the associated volcano was active, and then considering cumulative subsidence since the onset of volcanism on Ross Island. Models based on strata deposited in each sub‐basin during the time interval in which the respective volcano was active yield flexural rigidities ranging from 6–36 × 1018 N‐m, with the lowest values associated with the youngest volcanoes on the south and southwest sides of the island. Models based on the entire stratigraphic interval deposited since the onset of volcanism yield flexural rigidities up to 20 times greater than models that consider only strata deposited within each sub‐basin when the associated volcano was active. Models of the composite basin overestimate the strength of the lithosphere due to inclusion of strata deposited during periods in which regional extension rather than local flexure dominated subsidence. The models indicate that Ross Island is in near flexural isostatic equilibrium with moderately low‐density (3,260 kg m−3) upper mantle, although an additional buoyant load equivalent to a mantle temperature anomaly of up to 200°C is permissible.
Source Properties of Hydraulic‐Fracturing‐Induced Earthquakes in the Kiskatinaw Area, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Roth M. P. , Kemna K. B. , Harrington R. M. , Liu Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work presents a high resolution source property study of hydraulic fracturing induced earthquakes in the Montney Formation, a low‐permeability tight shale reservoir in the Kiskatinaw area, northeast British Columbia, Canada. We estimate source parameters, including focal mechanism solutions (FMSs), seismic moment, spectral corner frequency, and static stress drop values of earthquakes recorded between July 2017 and July 2020. Waveform‐similarity‐based event classification of 8,283 earthquakes yields 52 event families (clusters) and 1,014 isolated events (individuals). We calculate a total of 64 FMSs of events ML > 2.5 with high‐quality waveforms. Of the 64 solutions, 54 come from events within families, and are used to infer an additional 3,500 focal mechanisms of smaller‐magnitude events with similar waveforms. The other 10 are isolated events. The dominant faulting style inferred from FMSs highlights multiple cascading, shallow, strike‐slip events and generally isolated, larger‐magnitude reverse‐style events in close proximity to the Fort St. John Graben system. Inferred nodal planes of strike‐slip events are at low‐angles to regional SHmax, suggesting optimally oriented, left‐lateral faults. Reverse faulting nodal planes are roughly perpendicular to SHmax and have an orientation consistent with the reactivation of pre‐existing normal basement faults. Source spectral analysis using three approaches, including spectral‐ratio fitting, suggests a constant stress drop of 1–10 MPa and self‐similarity for induced events. Constant stress drop scaling breaks down at magnitudes smaller than ∼ML 2.0, likely due to observational bandwidth limitations.