bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite Dorsal Augmentation
Authors: Zholtikov Vitaly , Ouerghi Riadh , Daniel Rollin K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Dorsal augmentation is one of the most challenging procedures in rhinoplasty. Solid grafts and diced fascia graft (DC-F) have been employed for this purpose with varying success. Warping, irregularities, and variability of final height are some of the potential pitfalls.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the authors’ approach combining multiple grafts for nasal dorsal augmentation. They described a technique employing composite dorsal augmentation that is a combination of a foundation layer utilizing high spreader grafts plus a dorsal gap graft combined with a contour layer of 3 possible types of fascia or DC-F grafts. The combination of the 2 layers for the nasal dorsum can be varied to achieve the required height to correct the patient’s deformity and achieve the desired aesthetic goals.

Methods
Fifty-one patients who underwent dorsal augmentation with composite technique between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. A step-by-step algorithm was applied to achieve the required dorsal height.

Results
The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of contour graft: double-layer fascia graft, segmental DC-F, or narrow thin full-length DC-F. Smooth continuity and increased projection of the nasal dorsum were achieved in all patients.

Conclusions
Composite dorsal augmentation is an effective technique for dorsal augmentations requiring 4 mm or more of height increase. This technique allows to achieve dorsal augmentation employing a combination of grafts from a single donor site together with camouflaging dorsal irregularities and highlighting dorsal aesthetic lines. This algorithm allows optimization of patients’ aesthetic profile.

Level of Evidence: 4
A high-throughput single cell-based antibody discovery approach against the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suggests a lack of neutralizing antibodies targeting the highly conserved S2 domain
Authors: Chai Mengya , Guo Yajuan , Yang Liu , Li Jianhui , Liu Shuo , Chen Lei , Shen Yuelei , Yang Yi , Wang Youchun , Xu Lida , Yu Changyuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues globally with a growing number of infections, but there are currently no effective antibody drugs against the virus. In addition, 90% amino acid sequence identity between the S2 subunit of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV S proteins attracts us to examine S2-targeted cross-neutralizing antibodies that are not yet well defined. We therefore immunized RenMab mice with the full-length S protein and constructed a high-throughput antibody discovery method based on single-cell sequencing technology to isolate SARS-CoV-2 S-targeted neutralizing antibodies and cross-neutralizing antibodies against the S2 region of SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV S. Diversity of antibody sequences in RenMab mice and consistency in B-cell immune responses between RenMab mice and humans enabled screening of fully human virus-neutralizing antibodies. From all the frequency &gt;1 paired clonotypes obtained from single-cell V(D)J sequencing, 215 antibodies with binding affinities were identified and primarily bound S2. However, only two receptor-binding domain-targeted clonotypes had neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, 5' single-cell RNA sequencing indicated that these sorted splenic B cells are mainly plasmablasts, germinal center (GC)-dependent memory B-cells and GC B-cells. Among them, plasmablasts and GC-dependent memory B-cells were considered the most significant possibility of producing virus-specific antibodies. Altogether, using a high-throughput single cell-based antibody discovery approach, our study highlighted the challenges of developing S2-binding neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and provided a novel direction for the enrichment of antigen-specific B-cells.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Among Resettled Burmese in the United States
Authors: Tonsing Kareen N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Social support plays an essential role in refugees’ mental health and well-being. To assess how people appraise their sources of support, one needs to have an appropriate valid and reliable measure. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Chin-Burmese version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS-CB) among 242 resettled Burmese refugees. Participants completed the MSPSS-CB and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Exploratory factor analysis found a three-factor solution that supported the theoretical dimensions of the original MSPSS: friends (FR), family (FAM) and significant others (SO) subscales, accounting for 82.15 per cent of the total variance. The Cronbach’s α was 0.96, 0.94 and 0.96 for the FR, FAM and SO, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis found moderate goodness of fit of the data. Investigation of the fit indices revealed that the three-factor solution was adequate (χ2 = 73.65, df 51, p &lt; 0.05); Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.952; Normed Fit Index = 0.977; Comparative Fit Index  = 0.993 and root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.043. There were negative correlations between the FR, FAM and SO subscales and the K10. The current study's findings indicate that the MSPSS-CB is a reliable and valid instrument for use with the Chin-Burmese population and can provide helping professionals with a useful tool to measure and identify the source of social support.
Vascular feature as a modulator of the aging brain
Authors: Li Hechun , Jiang Sisi , Dong Debo , Hu Jian , He Chuan , Hou Changyue , He Hui , Huang Huan , Shen Dai , Pei Haonan , Zhao Guocheng , Dong Li , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The cerebral functional reorganization and declined cognitive function of aging might associate with altered vascular features. Here, we explored the altered cerebral hierarchical functional network of 2 conditions (task-free and naturalistic stimuli) in older adults and its relationship with vascular features (systemic microvascular and perfusion features, measured by magnetic resonance imaging) and behavior. Using cerebral gradient analysis, we found that compressive gradient of resting-state mainly located on the primary sensory-motor system and transmodal regions in aging, and further compress in these regions under the continuous naturalistic stimuli. Combining cerebral functional gradient, vascular features, and cognitive performance, the more compressive gradient in the resting-state, the worse vascular state, the lower cognitive function in older adults. Further modulation analysis demonstrated that both vascular features can regulate the relationship between gradient scores in the insula and behavior. Interestingly, systemic microvascular oxygenation also can modulate the relationship between cerebral gradient and cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, the less alteration of the compressive gradient with naturalistic stimuli came with lower cognitive function. Our findings demonstrated that the altered cerebral hierarchical functional structure in aging was linked with changed vascular features and behavior, offering a new framework for studying the physiological mechanism of functional connectivity in aging.
A New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Amaroswerin, Amarogentin and Andrographolide in a Herbal Drug “Chirayata”
Authors: Sharma Yash Pal , Bhardwaj Chitralekha , Sharma Reena , Thakur Pancy , Sharma Rohit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chirayata—the whole dried plant of Swertia chirayita—is an important traditional drug of Indian System of Medicines. A novel reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination and quantification of amaroswerin, amarogentin and andrographolide in a herbal drug “Chirayata,” which is oftenly adulterated/substituted with herbal drug Kalmegh. The developed method is in accordance with International Council for Harmonization guidelines and is simple, precise, accurate, rapid, reproducible and specific to determine amarogentin, amaroswerin and andrographolide. Reverse-phase column (Water’s X-bridge C18, 5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) with high resolution for all marker compounds was used with binary gradient elution (methanol:water) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection at 235 nm. The developed method showed good linearity (R2 &gt; 0.999) in a relatively wider range of concentration 2.968–95.00 ppm for amarogentin, amaroswerin and 5.625–180 ppm for andrographolide. The method is important for quality control analysis of drug Chirayata.
Female Reproductive Factors and Incidence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Among Postmenopausal Women in Korea
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Han Kyungdo , Yang Bumhee , Shin Dong Wook , Sohn Jang Won , Lee Hyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
There are conflicting results regarding endogenous estrogen exposure and risk of incident nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). In addition, evidence on impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on risk of NTM-PD is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of endogenous estrogen exposure and HRT on risk of NTM-PD in postmenopausal women.

Methods
This population-based cohort study comprised 1 400 095 postmenopausal women without previous NTM-PD who participated in the 2009 national health screening exam in South Korea. The cohort was followed until the date of incident NTM-PD, death, or December 2018. We evaluated whether lifetime endogenous estrogen exposure and HRT were associated with incident NTM-PD. Endogenous estrogen exposure was evaluated using age at menarche and menopause and reproductive period (duration between age at menarche and age at menopause).

Results
During a median of 8.4 (interquartile range, 8.2–8.7) years of follow-up, 0.1% of participants (1818/1 400 095) developed NTM-PD, with an incidence rate of 0.15/1000 person-years. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed no significant relationship between endogenous estrogen exposure (age at menarche, age at menopause, and reproductive period) and risk of NTM-PD. In contrast, duration of HRT showed a significant dose–response relationship with incident NTM-PD even after adjustment for demographics and reproductive factors (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.12–1.51] in HRT for &lt;2 years; 1.28 [1.03–1.59] in 2–5 years; and 1.65 [1.33–2.05] in ≥5 years).

Conclusions
While there was no significant association with endogenous estrogen exposure, HRT was monotonically associated with increased risk of NTM-PD in postmenopausal women.
Exploring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Hesitancy on Twitter Using Sentiment Analysis and Natural Language Processing Algorithms
Authors: Bari Anasse , Heymann Matthias , Cohen Ryan J , Zhao Robin , Szabo Levente , Apas Vasandani Shailesh , Khubchandani Aashish , DiLorenzo Madeline , Coffee Megan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccination can help control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but is undermined by vaccine hesitancy. Social media disseminates information and misinformation regarding vaccination. Tracking and analyzing social media vaccine sentiment could better prepare health professionals for vaccination conversations and campaigns.

Methods
A real-time big data analytics framework was developed using natural language processing sentiment analysis, a form of artificial intelligence. The framework ingests, processes, and analyzes tweets for sentiment and content themes, such as natural health or personal freedom, in real time. A later dataset evaluated the relationship between Twitter sentiment scores and vaccination rates in the United States.

Results
The real-time analytics framework showed a widening gap in sentiment with more negative sentiment after vaccine rollout. After rollout, using a static dataset, an increase in positive sentiment was followed by an increase in vaccination. Lag cross-correlation analysis across US regions showed evidence that once all adults were eligible for vaccination, the sentiment score consistently correlated with vaccination rate with a lag of around 1 week. The Granger causality test further demonstrated that tweet sentiment scores may help predict vaccination rates.

Conclusions
Social media has influenced the COVID-19 response through valuable information and misinformation and distrust. This tool was used to collect and analyze tweets at scale in real time to study sentiment and key terms of interest. Separate tweet analysis showed that vaccination rates tracked regionally with Twitter vaccine sentiment and might forecast changes in vaccine uptake and/or guide targeted social media and vaccination strategies. Further work is needed to analyze the interplay between specific populations, vaccine sentiment, and vaccination rates.
Evaluation of the impact of an intradialytic exercise programme on sarcopaenia in very elderly haemodialysis patients
Authors: Sánchez-Tocino Maria Luz , González-Parra Emilio , Miranda Serrano Blanca , Gracia-Iguacel Carolina , de-Alba-Peñaranda Ana María , López-González Antonio , García Olegario Marcos , Ortíz Alberto , Mas-Fontao Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Sarcopaenia is a highly prevalent condition in persons on haemodialysis (HD). In stable very elderly (75–95 years old) persons on chronic HD, we prospectively studied the European Working Group on Sarcopaenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) steps stability over time in 37 controls and their response to a 12-week intradialytic lower limb exercise programme in 23 persons. Overall dropout was 15% and the main cause for dropout was death (8%). Thus 33 controls and 18 exercise participants were evaluated at 12 weeks. In controls, comorbidity, nutrition, dependency and frailty scales, anthropometric assessments, EWGSOP2 step values and the prevalence of suspected, confirmed and severe sarcopaenia as assessed by EWGSOP2 remained stable. In contrast, in persons who completed the exercise programme, a significant improvement in the five times sit-to-stand (STS-5) test was noted at the end of the 12-week exercise programme (19.2 ± 4.9–15.9 ± 5.9 seconds; P = .001), consistent with the lower limb nature of the exercise programme, that persisted 12 weeks after completion of the programme. Exercise also improved the Fried frailty scale (1.7 ± 1.0–1.1 ± 0.6; P = .004). In conclusion, EWGSOP2 steps remain stable in stable very elderly persons on HD and STS-5 is responsive to a short-term intradialytic lower limb exercise programme. These results may help define EWGSOP2-based primary endpoints in future large-scale clinical trials assessing exercise interventions.
Clinical implications of left atrial reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Stassen Jan , Galloo Xavier , Chimed Surenjav , Hirasawa Kensuke , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Delgado Victoria , van der Bijl Pieter , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Left atrial (LA) function is a marker of prognosis in patients with heart failure. The prognostic implications of an improvement in LA function in addition to an improvement in left ventricular (LV) function after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a significant change in LA reservoir strain (RS) and/or LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) after initiation of CRT.

Methods and results
LARS and LVGLS were measured with speckle-tracking echocardiography. Significant improvement in LARS and LVGLS was defined as a percentage change of +5% and +20% at 6 months after CRT implantation, respectively. Patients were divided into three groups: no significant reverse remodelling (no improvement in LARS and LVGLS), incomplete reverse remodelling (improvement in LARS or LVGLS), and complete reverse remodelling (improvement in LARS and LVGLS). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. A total of 923 patients (mean age 65 ± 10 years, 77% male) were included, of which 221 (24%) had complete reverse remodelling, 414 (45%) incomplete reverse remodelling, and 288 (31%) no significant reverse remodelling. Five-years’ mortality was 24%, 29%, and 36% for patients with complete, incomplete, and no significant reverse remodelling, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). On multivariable analysis, complete reverse remodelling (hazard ratio 0.477; 95% confidence interval: 0.362–0.628; P &lt; 0.001) was associated with the lowest risk of mortality.

Conclusions
Patients with complete reverse remodelling have a lower mortality risk than those showing incomplete or no significant reverse remodelling. The use of integrated LA and LV deformation imaging may improve risk-stratification of CRT recipients.
Intraoperative echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve translocation
Authors: Strauss Erik R , Quinn Rachael W , Pasrija Chetan , Henderson Reney , Holmes Sari D , D’Ambra Michael N , Gammie James S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to present a rigorous method to analyse the intraoperative echocardiographic images from the novel mitral translocation procedure, which assesses the changes in mitral structure and function and compares this data to a control group of patients who have no mitral regurgitation (MR).

METHODS
Transoesophageal echocardiography was post-processed using dedicated 3D software. Ten patients with normal mitral valves (MV) undergoing non-mitral cardiac surgery served as controls. Mitral coaptation area, mid-leaflet coaptation length and mitral annular circumference were measured in 3D.

RESULTS
Twenty-three consecutive patients with severe secondary MR underwent MV translocation. All patients had none/trace MR post-translocation. The mean coaptation surface area increased from 63 to 427 mm2 (P &lt; 0.001) and coaptation length increased from 1.0 to 10.5 mm (P &lt; 0.001). The control group coaptation surface area (136 mm2) and length (2.5 mm) were greater than pre-translocation (P = 0.019; P &lt; 0.001) and less than post-translocation (P &lt; 0.001; P &lt; 0.001). 3D mitral annular circumference in the translocation group decreased 15% (130–110 mm) (P &lt; 0.001). Post-translocation, the mean gradient was 2(2–3) mmHg with the diastolic mitral orifice area of 3.4 ± 0.3 cm2 by planimetry and 3.5 ± 0.3 cm2 by pressure half-time. The coaptation to septum distance remained unchanged (P = 0.305) without systolic anterior leaflet motion.

CONCLUSIONS
This echocardiographic analysis method demonstrates that MV translocation abolishes secondary MR, increases coaptation area and length and produces acceptable diastolic function. This method of analysis should allow precise structural and quantitative assessment of the durability of the repair in future long-term follow-up.
Effect of different Alnus taxa on abundance and diversity of introduced and indigenous Frankia in soils and root nodules
Authors: Vemulapally Spandana , Guerra Trina , Hahn Dittmar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of host plants on the abundance and distribution of introduced and indigenous Frankia populations was assessed in soils and root nodules of four alder species, Alnus glutinosa,Alnus cordata,Alnus rubra and Alnus viridis. Plants were grown in microcosms with either a sandy soil without detectable frankiae, with or without inoculation of a mixture of Frankia isolates, or a silty clay loam soil with indigenous Frankia. The presence of frankiae in soils increased plant height and root nodule formation, with significant increases in the presence of indigenous frankiae. Abundance in soils increased significantly for both introduced and indigenous Frankia populations independent of alder species, with generally largest increases in cluster 1b frankiae. Root nodules formed by introduced frankiae did not reflect the diversity of strains inoculated, with nodules generally only formed by strain ArI3 representing cluster 1a/d. All indigenous Frankia populations detected in soil were also found in A. glutinosa nodules, while A. cordata or A. rubra nodules contained different subsets of frankiae with unique abundances dependent on plant species. These results demonstrate the intrageneric differences of host plants in the selection of specific Frankia populations in soils for root nodule formation.
Exploring Interrelations Between Person-Centered Care and Quality of Life Following a Transition Into Long-Term Residential Care: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Davies Megan , Zúñiga Franziska , Verbeek Hilde , Simon Michael , Staudacher Sandra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Globally, a culture change in long-term residential care (LTRC) moving toward person-centered care (PCC) has occurred in an attempt to improve resident quality of life (QoL). However, a clear understanding of how different aspects contributing to a PCC approach are interrelated with resident QoL is still lacking. This review explores interrelating aspects between PCC and QoL in LTRC using qualitative synthesis.

Research Design and Methods
Ten relevant primary studies were identified from a search of interdisciplinary research databases providing qualitative information. Studies were critically reviewed for key themes and concepts by the research team. We used a meta-ethnography approach to inductively interpret findings across multiple studies and reinterpreted the information using a constructivist approach.

Results
We identified 5 second-order constructs sharing commonalities suggesting interrelations between PCC and QoL: (a) maintaining dignity, autonomy, and independence; (b) knowing the whole person; (c) creating a “homelike” environment; (d) establishing a caring culture; and (e) integrating families and nurturing internal and external relationships. Synthesis translation led to the following third-order constructs: (a) personalizing care within routines, (b) optimizing resident environments, and (c) giving residents a voice.

Discussion and Implications
There are many interrelating aspects of PCC and QoL following a permanent transition into LTRC, but successful implementation of PCC, which enhances QoL, presents challenges due to organizational routines and constraints. However, by prioritizing resident voices to include their needs and preferences in care, QoL can be supported following a transition into LTRC.
Clarifying Assumptions About Artificial Intelligence Before Revolutionising Patent Law
Authors: Kim Daria , Alber Maximilian , Kwok Man Wai , MitroviĆ Jelena , Ramirez-Atencia Cristian , PÉrez JesÚs Alberto RodrÍguez , Zille Heiner 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper examines several widespread assumptions about artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, that are often taken as factual premises in discussions on the future of patent law in the wake of ‘artificial ingenuity’. The objective is to draw a more realistic and nuanced picture of the human-computer interaction in solving technical problems than where ‘intelligent’ systems autonomously yield inventions. A detailed technical perspective is presented for each assumption, followed by a discussion of pertinent uncertainties for patent law. Overall, it is argued that implications of machine learning for the patent system in its core tenets appear far less revolutionary than is often posited.