bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Structure and Properties of Nb-B Inoculated Direct Chill Cast AA4032 Alloy Extruded from As-Cast and Homogenized Conditions
Authors: Barekar Nilam S. , Skalicky Ivan , Wang Shihao , Shurkin Pavel , Adole Onuh , Babu N. Hari , Jarrett Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAl-Si wrought piston alloys can lack properties due to inefficient grain refining. A novel Al-Nb-B grain refiner was introduced some time ago, but has still not been assessed in industry for wrought alloys. This paper describes the first trial of Al-Ni-B addition and its impact on the full-scale manufacturing, structure, and properties of the AA4032 products extruded with and without billet homogenization. It is shown that Nb-B inoculation gives opportunities not only to have a refined as-cast structure but also a more homogenous distribution of the solute. In contrast, homogenization drives nucleation and coarsening of the Mg2Si phase that is retained during further extrusion and heat treatment also affecting the precipitation and properties. It was observed that non-homogenized specimens perform better during machining and tensile testing compared to homogenized specimens. The results are supported by electron microscopy investigations of microstructure formation during different steps in downstream processing.
The CFD Modeling of Multiphase Flow in an SKS Furnace: The Effect of Tuyere Diameter and Bath Depth
Authors: Song Kezhou , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCFD simulation using a multi-fluid VOF model on scaled-down SKS furnace multiphase flow was conducted, targeting the agitation performance under conditions of different tuyere diameters and bath depths, at a constant total gas volumetric flow rate. The results indicate that an increased bath depth contributes to the lateral movements of the matte and air phased, significantly promoting the agitation at the far side of the plumes. The characteristic of a deep bath allows larger tuyere diameters operated at a lower gas injection speed, to achieve comparatively smaller low velocity regions and dead zones. In addition, the wall shear stress was found to correlate with the distribution of low-velocity regions. Since the selections of tuyere diameter and bath depth are of major importance in the optimizing of flow fields, the results from this simulation offer good references for the future operation and design of SKS furnaces and other similar industrial vessels.
Breast cancer recurrence: factors impacting occurrence and survival
Authors: Courtney Donald , Davey Matthew G. , Moloney Brian M. , Barry Michael K. , Sweeney Karl , McLaughlin Ray P. , Malone Carmel M. , Lowery Aoife J. , Kerin Michael J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer mortality has decreased due to improved screening and treatment options. Nevertheless, 25–30% of patients develop disease recurrence and die from the disease dissemination. Patients who develop metastatic disease represent a heterogeneous group and management plans are dependent on molecular subtype, disease burden and metastatic site.

Aim
To determine predictive clinicopathological factors of disease recurrence and their impact on survival in the molecular era.

Methods
Consecutive patients who breast cancer developed recurrence at our tertiary referral centre between 2000 and 2015 were included. Clinicopathological and treatment data were assessed using descriptive statistics. Oncological outcome was assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan Meier analyses.

Results
Two hundred sixty-five consecutive patients who developed breast cancer recurrence were included; median age at metastasis was 59.3 years (range 27–87 years), and median time to recurrence (TTR) was 47.7 ± 38.5 months (range 3.0–194.3 months). Survival was 24.2% (64/265) 53.2% were luminal A (LABC) (141/265), 18.5% were luminal B (LBBC) (49/265), 18.5% were triple negative (TNBC) (49/265), and 9.8% were human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressing (HER2 +) (26/265). TTR for patients with LABC was 56.0 ± 41.3 months, LBBC was 48.4 ± 41.1 months, TNBC was 26.9 ± 28.5 months and HER2 + was 34.3 ± 21.8 months. Increased grade (P < 0.001), Nottingham Prognostic Indices (P < 0.001), TNBC (P < 0.001), HER2 + subtype (P < 0.001) and receiving targeted therapy (P = 0.006) predicted shorted TTR. Estrogen receptor positivity (P < 0.001), progesterone receptor positivity (P = 0.010), invasive lobular carcinoma (P = 0.009) and receiving endocrine therapy (P = 0.001) predicted longer TTR.

Conclusion
Readily available clinicopathological factors predict risk of metastatic dissemination. Developing a tailored program to identify patients at risk of recurrence is crucial in controlling metastatic dissemination of breast cancer.
Glazed sgraffito ware from Torre Alemanna (Foggia, fifteenth to sixteenth century A.D.): technological aspects of a local production
Authors: Giovanna Fioretti , Giacomo Eramo , Alessandro Monno , Austacio Busto , Rocco Laviano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The archaeometric investigation of 46 potsherds of “Torre Alemanna type” pottery aimed to define a compositional reference group and to understand the technological characteristics of its production. Principal component analysis applied to bulk chemical data (XRF) of the ceramic body showed a strong compositional homogeneity. Their comparison with local clays and 6 fragments of bricks sampled from the ceramic kiln, on the one hand, revealed the use of alluvial clays as raw material and, on the other hand, proved their fractionation for the production of pottery. The mineralogical assemblages detected by X-ray powder diffraction analysis inferred maximum firing temperatures between 750 and 1000 °C for the ceramic body. Polarising optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) investigations on coating revealed the presence of quartz-rich white engobe covered with a high lead transparent glaze. The polychromatic decoration was analysed by colorimetry and EDS to compare the colour characteristics through all the potsherds. A temperature range between 780 and 950 °C of liquidus temperatures was inferred from the ternary phase diagram of PbO-Al2O3-SiO2 system. Overlap of temperature ranges for sintering of the ceramic body and maturing glaze points to a single firing of the Torre Alemanna type ware. The results obtained define the reference compositional group and technology of the Torre Alemanna type ware, already attested in several archaeological contexts of southern Italy, and showed a technological continuity with the past about the use of local carbonate-rich clays to produce fine pottery.
Doctor-Patient Relationship in Synchronous/Real-time Video-Consultations and In-Person Visits: An Investigation of the Perceptions of Young People with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Troncone Alda , Cascella Crescenzo , Chianese Antonietta , Zanfardino Angela , Casaburo Francesca , Piscopo Alessia , Rosanio Francesco Maria , di Candia Francesca , Franzese Adriana , Iafusco Dario , Mozzillo Enza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Given that the widely acknowledged influence of the doctor-patient relationship on objective health parameters and treatment adherence in chronic illnesses, this study sought to explore how patients perceived the patient-doctor relationship across virtual and in-person contexts.

Methods
Parents’ and patients’ perceptions of doctor-patient relationship were evaluated in 610 children and adolescents (12.17 ± 4.19 years, 50.9% girls) with type 1 diabetes who visited via video-conferencing or in person during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
No differences were found between video consultations and in-person visits in terms of care satisfaction (p > .05), doctor-patient relationship—for the dimensions agreement on tasks (p = .506) and bond (p = .828)—as perceived by parents and physician empathy as perceived by patients (p = .096). Parents rated patient-doctor agreement on explicit goals of treatment higher in video consultation than in person (p = .009, d = .211). Agreement on goals (β =  − .180, p = .016) and bond with doctor (β =  − .160, p = .034) were negatively and significantly associated with HbA1c values, but only in participants who visited in person.

Conclusions
Parents’ care satisfaction and perceptions of doctor-patient relationship, along with patients’ perceptions of physician empathy, did not substantially differ between visits carried out in person or via video consultations. Given the high risk of psychological problems described in young people with diabetes, video consultation can be considered a useful opportunity to maintain access to a healthcare provider in a challenging time, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
A fossil aphidlion preserved together with its prey in 40 million-year-old Baltic amber
Authors: Haug Joachim T. , Kiesmüller Christine , Haug Gideon T. , Haug Carolin , Hörnig Marie K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLacewings (Neuroptera) have predatory larvae with highly specialised mouthparts. Larvae of many groups within Neuroptera are well represented as fossils preserved in ambers; however, larvae of some groups are less often reported in the literature. Here we report such a rare case, a larva of the group Hemerobiidae, an aphidlion, preserved in a piece of Eocene Baltic amber (about 40 million years old). It is preserved together with three possible prey items, wingless aphids, most likely representatives of Germaraphis (or at least closely related to this group). The aphidlion can be identified based on the morphology of the antennae, simple curved and toothless stylets, well developed labial palps, and the absence of other mouth-part structures such as a protruding labrum or maxillary palps. A long, club-shaped distal element of the labial palps identifies the specimen as a larva of Hemerobiidae. The aphids can be identified based on their very long, beak-like mouth parts. This find is, to our knowledge, the first example of a lacewing larva preserved together with its potential prey. We briefly discuss other cases in which fossils preserved in amber allow us to reconstruct aspects of behaviour and interactions of fossil lacewing larvae.
Benchmarking conventional and machine learning segmentation techniques for digital rock physics analysis of fractured rocks
Authors: Reinhardt Marcel , Jacob Arne , Sadeghnejad Saeid , Cappuccio Francesco , Arnold Pit , Frank Sascha , Enzmann Frieder , Kersten Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImage segmentation remains the most critical step in Digital Rock Physics (DRP) workflows, affecting the analysis of physical rock properties. Conventional segmentation techniques struggle with numerous image artifacts and user bias, which lead to considerable uncertainty. This study evaluates the advantages of using the random forest (RF) algorithm for the segmentation of fractured rocks. The segmentation quality is discussed and compared with two conventional image processing methods (thresholding-based and watershed algorithm) and an encoder–decoder network in the form of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The segmented images of the RF method were used as the ground truth for CNN training. The images of two fractured rock samples are acquired by X-ray computed tomography scanning (XCT). The skeletonized 3D images are calculated, providing information about the mean mechanical aperture and roughness. The porosity, permeability, flow fields, and preferred flow paths of segmented images are analyzed by the DRP approach. Moreover, the breakthrough curves obtained from tracer injection experiments are used as ground truth to evaluate the segmentation quality of each method. The results show that the conventional methods overestimate the fracture aperture. Both machine learning approaches show promising segmentation results and handle all artifacts and complexities without any prior CT-image filtering. However, the RF implementation has superior inherent advantages over CNN. This method is resource-saving (e.g., quickly trained), does not need an extensive training dataset, and can provide the segmentation uncertainty as a measure for evaluating the segmentation quality. The considerable variation in computed rock properties highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate segmentation method.
Environmental and public health co-benefits of consumer switches to immunity-supporting food
Authors: Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Oh Rachel R. Y. , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring COVID-19, there has been a surge in public interest for information on immunity-boosting foods. There is little scientific support for immunity-supporting properties of specific foods, but strong evidence for food choice impacts on other health outcomes (e.g. risk of non-communicable disease) and environmental sustainability. Here, we relate online recommendations for “immunity-boosting” foods across five continents to their environmental and human health impacts. More frequently recommended food items and groups are plant based and have lower land use and greenhouse gas emission impacts plus more positive health outcomes (reducing relative risks of mortality or chronic diet-related diseases) per serving of food. We identify trade-offs between environmental outcomes of increasing consumption of recommended food items, with aquatic environment impacts increasing with food recommendation frequency. People’s reliance on the Internet for health information creates an opportunity to consolidate behaviour change towards consuming foods with multiple co-benefits. Our study identifies win–win options for nudging online information-seeking behaviour towards more sustainable choices for terrestrial biodiversity conservation and human health.
Experiences of Anti-Human Trafficking Unit Functionaries in Gujarat (India): A Critical Analysis
Authors: Ajmeri Rajkamal M. , Mehta Leena V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn 2006, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in South Asia, in partnership with the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, initiated Project IND/S16. In the beginning, five states were selected to train police officials under the “Strengthening the Law Enforcement Response to Human Trafficking” project. The training program resulted from a study done by two researchers, Dr. P. M. Nair and Shanker Seen. Their study recommended training programs to strengthen the law enforcement response to human trafficking and establish anti-human trafficking units (AHTUs) in India. However, no evaluation of the work of functionaries of AHTUs was done until the authors of this article took the initiative with the support of the Additional Director General of Police of Gujarat to identify the major problems in AHTUs at the grassroots level. Their exploratory research covered the 40 AHTUs from all 33 districts of Gujarat, focusing on the experiences and opinions of 214 police authorities (i.e. police inspectors, police sub-inspectors, assistant sub-inspectors, constables, and Lok Rakshak (public guards)) officially assigned to the AHTUs of Gujarat. This article summarizes the research and is based on experiences documented while collecting information in the field.
Male Sexual Jealousy Homicides in Fiji: Victims, Offenders, and Incident Characteristics
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerous studies find that sexual jealousy is a motivating factor in many intimate partner femicides. Given the paucity of scholarship in non-Western societies, the current article sought to extend empirical knowledge on the subject by focusing on sexual jealousy homicides in Fiji. A total of 30 male sexual jealousy homicides and attempted homicides in that society during 2010–2020 were identified through a thorough search of official court documents and local media sources. An in-depth criminological analysis of each case focused on victim and perpetrator attributes and offense features. The article finds that each homicide became a high-profile case, judging by the amount of media coverage afforded the incident and the degree of public interest demonstrated in the case. In 24 out of the 25 homicide cases, an aggrieved husband slew a supposed adulterous wife; the assailant killed his wife’s new consort in the remaining case. The mean age differential between perpetrators and victims was 7.9 years, and the mean length of the marital relationship was more than five years. Stabbing with kitchen knives, slashing with machetes, and manual asphyxiation were the dominant modes of offense perpetration. Nearly all cases evinced the following triple features of male sexual jealousy homicides: jealous rage, premeditation, and excessive violence. Summaries of all 30 cases are proffered in the article to reveal their essential features.
The Dynamics of Criminology’s Growth: Introduction to Issue 2 of Volume 59 (2021) of the Annals
Authors: Viano Emilio C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe International Society of Criminology, founded in Rome, Italy, in 1937, is the only worldwide organization in the field of criminology and criminal justice. Its objective is to generate a better understanding of the crime phenomenon on an international scale and translate that into appropriate policies, laws and interventions. Criminology has developed and thrived in the “Western” world, especially in the United States and other English-speaking northern countries. Recently, in step with reaffirming indigenous and local values and perspectives, a call for “regional” criminology expresses Asia’s approach and vision. This issue of the International Annals of Criminology illustrates the internationalization of the discipline and is an indication of its growing strength worldwide.
Cell death mechanisms in head and neck cancer cells in response to low and high-LET radiation
Authors: Fabbrizi Maria Rita , Parsons Jason L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that develops in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses and mouth, and is mostly treated with a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy (RT). The main goal of RT is to kill enough of the cancer cell population, whilst preserving the surrounding normal and healthy tissue. The mechanisms by which conventional photon RT achieves this have been extensively studied over several decades, but little is known about the cell death pathways that are activated in response to RT of increasing linear energy transfer (LET), including proton beam therapy and heavy ions. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on the observed radiobiological effects of low- versus high-LET RT in HNSCC cell models, particularly in the context of specific cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, senescence and mitotic death. We also detail some of the current therapeutic strategies targeting cell death pathways that have been investigated to enhance the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells in response to RT, including those that may present with clinical opportunities for eventual patient benefit.
Meltwater drainage and iceberg calving observed in high-spatiotemporal resolution at Helheim Glacier, Greenland
Authors: Melton Sierra M. , Alley Richard B. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Parizek Byron R. , Shahin Michael G. , Stearns Leigh A. , LeWinter Adam L. , Finnegan David C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine-terminating glaciers lose mass through melting and iceberg calving, and we find that meltwater drainage systems influence calving timing at Helheim Glacier, a tidewater glacier in East Greenland. Meltwater feeds a buoyant subglacial discharge plume at the terminus of Helheim Glacier, which rises along the glacial front and surfaces through the mélange. Here, we use high-resolution satellite and time-lapse imagery to observe the surface expression of this meltwater plume and how plume timing and location compare with that of calving and supraglacial meltwater pooling from 2011 to 2019. The plume consistently appeared at the central terminus even as the glacier advanced and retreated, fed by a well-established channelized drainage system with connections to supraglacial water. All full-thickness calving episodes, both tabular and non-tabular, were separated from the surfacing plume by either time or by space. We hypothesize that variability in subglacial hydrology and basal coupling drive this inverse relationship between subglacial discharge plumes and full-thickness calving. Surfacing plumes likely indicate a low-pressure subglacial drainage system and grounded terminus, while full-thickness calving occurrence reflects a terminus at or close to flotation. Our records of plume appearance and full-thickness calving therefore represent proxies for the grounding state of Helheim Glacier through time.
The father of ‘sovereignism’: d'Annunzio in Fiume between the crisis of liberalism and the critique of democracy
Authors: Serventi Longhi Enrico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe essay investigates the occupation of the city of Rijeka (1919–20) by an irregular army led by Italian poet Gabriele d'Annunzio, focusing on the concepts of sovereignism and populism. While people with different mentalities and ideological horizons took part in the endeavour, it was d'Annunzio that gave the occupation its profound meaning. The poet attempted to put into practice his political vision centered around a ‘noble people’, composed of warriors and producers, opposed to the liberal elites and in competition with revolutionary socialist movements. In this sense, the Free State of Rijeka grew into the prototype of a new society based on the integration of racial, plebiscitary, corporate, aesthetic, and political themes. At the same time, the city became a beacon of opposition to the new international order proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson, since it advocated and worked towards the birth of sovereignty for small countries resisting new supranational bodies such as the League of Nations.
Toward a generalized notion of discrete time for modeling temporal networks
Authors: Kueffner Konstantin , Strembeck Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany real-world networks, including social networks and computer networks for example, are temporal networks. This means that the vertices and edges change over time. However, most approaches for modeling and analyzing temporal networks do not explicitly discuss the underlying notion of time. In this paper, we therefore introduce a generalized notion of discrete time for modeling temporal networks. Our approach also allows for considering nondeterministic time and incomplete data, two issues that are often found when analyzing datasets extracted from online social networks, for example. In order to demonstrate the consequences of our generalized notion of time, we also discuss the implications for the computation of (shortest) temporal paths in temporal networks. In addition, we implemented an R-package that provides programming support for all concepts discussed in this paper. The R-package is publicly available for download.