bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The legacy of over a century of introductions: Spread debt of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Maimela Lerato T. , Chimimba Christian T. , Zengeya Tsungai A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor over a century, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been widely introduced into lakes and rivers in South Africa to create and enhance sport‐fishing opportunities. Despite its long history of introduction, naturalized populations of rainbow trout are still localized to a few areas with suitable habitats and climate. This study assessed the spread debt (i.e., the increase in area invaded by invasive species over time) of rainbow trout in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa to highlight areas with known introductions, the extent of the invasion, and to identify areas that are suitable for establishment but are still invasion‐free. The total river length that was predicted as suitable for rainbow trout under current climate was about ca. 3,500 km in an extension of about ca. 15,000 km. Current occupancy (river length predicted as suitable with known rainbow trout occurrence records) was ca. 1,220 km (35%) and the invasion debt was therefore estimated as 65%. While these data infer a large invasion debt, they are confounded by a lack of knowledge on sampling effort and verified true absence and should therefore be recognized as an estimate. In addition, the extent of the suitable area varied under different climate change scenarios where it was projected to decrease under RCP 4.5 scenarios and increase under the RCP 8.5 scenarios. This study demonstrates some of the difficulties of quantifying the potential future extent and impacts of biological invasions and how the invasion debt concept can be applied to provide an important link between invasion biology, management, and policy.
Does biochar improve nutrient availability in Ultisols of tree plantations in the Ecuadorian Amazonia?
Authors: Gonzalez Sarango Esthela Margarita , Leimer Sophia , Valarezo Manosalvas Carlos , Wilcke Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe application of biochar to strongly weathered soils is thought to supply nutrients and improve nutrient retention. We hypothesized that biochar increases (a) total N, bioavailable macronutrient (NH4–N, P, K, Ca, Mg), micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), and plant‐beneficial Na concentrations; and (b) nutrient retention in the topsoil. We grew the native leguminous Brazilian firetree [Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Ducke) Barneby] and the exotic beechwood (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) in a full factorial split‐split‐plot design at La Victoria and Los Zapotes, Ecuadorian Amazonia. The treatments included amendment of mineral fertilizer plus lime, 3 and 6 t ha−1 biochar (locally produced charcoal), and a control. We sampled the 0‐to‐0.25‐ and 0.25‐to‐0.50‐m soil depth layers before the start of the experiment in 2009 and six times until 2013. The site at Los Zapotes was more fertile as reflected by a significant site effect on most studied soil properties in both depth layers. Biochar increased modified Olsen (NaHCO3+EDTA)‐extractable Ca (p < .05) and Zn concentrations (p < .1) and total N concentrations (p < .05) in topsoil. Mineral fertilizer plus lime increased Olsen‐extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn concentrations (all p < .05) but reduced Olsen‐extractable Fe concentrations (p < .05) in topsoil. Biochar increased Ca (p < 0.1) and Zn (p < .05) retention in mineral fertilized topsoils but decreased total N retention (p < .05) in unfertilized topsoils. The amendment of up to 6 t ha−1 biochar did not increase the fertility of the studied degraded Amazonian Ultisols sufficiently to enhance tree growth.
How does your garden grow? The interface of employee and sales growth post IPO
Authors: Titus Jr Varkey , Pieper Jenna R. , Josefy Matthew , Welbourne Theresa M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryFirms often succumb to a growth imperative, yet little is known about how congruence between various forms of growth affects firm value. We argue that the (in)congruence between net hiring rates (e.g., growth in the number of employees) and sales growth has significant implications for firm value, assessed via Tobin's Q. We further contend that R&D expenditures and industry dynamism—factors that influence a firm's ability to realize value creation—moderate the relationship between growth pattern and firm value. We use a sample of 1,181 firms that conducted their initial public offerings from 1996 to 2006 to test our conceptual model. Findings indicate that employee‐dominant growth is most strongly associated with firm value, and that high levels of R&D expenditures and industry dynamism intensify these relationships.Managerial SummaryGrowth is a goal and challenge for many firms, and navigating the various demands of growth represents a particularly promising opportunity for firms that recently went public. We study how firms can manage the growth process in a way that enhances firm value. Using a sample of 1,181 firms that conducted their initial public offerings from 1996 to 2006, we explore the interplay of employee and sales growth rates on value creation. We find that an employee‐dominant growth pattern was more strongly related to firm value than the other patterns. Our findings also suggest that managers, especially those in firms that invest in R&D and operating in dynamic industries, should avoid a strong focus on sales growth without also ensuring growth in employees.
Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Trigger Trained Immunity in Human Macrophages through Epigenetic and Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Peng Guotao , Keshavan Sandeep , Delogu Lucia , Shin Yuyoung , Casiraghi Cinzia , Fadeel Bengt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrained immunity is a recently described phenomenon whereby cells of the innate immune system undergo long‐term epigenetic and/or metabolic reprogramming following a short‐term interaction with microbes or microbial products. Here, it is shown that 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) trigger trained immunity in primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages. First, aqueous dispersions of 2D crystal formulations of MoS2 and WS2 are tested, and no cytotoxicity is found despite avid uptake of these materials by macrophages. However, when macrophages are pre‐exposed to TMDs, followed by a resting period, this causes a marked modulation of immune‐specific gene expression upon subsequent challenge with a microbial agent (i.e., bacterial lipopolysaccharides). Specifically, MoS2 triggers trained immunity through an epigenetic pathway insofar as the histone methyltransferase inhibitor methylthioadenosine reverses these effects. Furthermore, MoS2 triggers an elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in macrophages and increased glycolysis is also evidenced in cells subjected to MoS2 training, pointing toward a metabolic rewiring of the cells. Importantly, it is observed that MoS2 triggers the upregulation of Mo‐dependent enzymes in macrophages, thus confirming that Mo is bioavailable in these cells. In conclusion, MoS2 is identified as a novel inducer of trained immunity. Thus, TMDs could potentially be harnessed as immunomodulatory agents.
Recent progress in the all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Yongrui , Zhu Tao , Shen Lening , Liu Yanghe , Zhang Dong , Zheng Bowen , Gong Keven , Zheng Jie , Gong Xiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted great attention in both academic and industrial sectors due to their high energy storage efficiency, reliable stability, and eco‐friendly process. Flexible solid‐state SCs as one of the ongoing focuses for the development of wearable and portable electronics have become the most promising energy storage devices for the smart power system due to their high power density, fast electrochemical response, high efficiency on the charge‐discharge process, and excellent electrochemical stability. In this study, the recent progress in the electrodes and electrolytes used for approaching high‐performance of the all‐solid‐state flexible SCs is reviewed. We first introduce basic operational principles of various SCs. And then we overview the electrode materials including carbon materials, conducting polymers, transition metal oxides/chalcogenides/nitrides, MXenes, metal‐organic frameworks, covalent‐organic frameworks, and the polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes in different systems. Afterward, we summarize recent progress in the development of the all‐solid‐state flexible SCs and outlook for future research directions.
Examination of color preferences of invasive green anoles in the Ogasawara Islands
Authors: Hiroyama Koya , Iwai Noriko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe green anole (Anolis carolinensis) has been introduced to the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, and has adversely affected native fauna through predation and competition. To eradicate green anoles, adhesive traps for capture and Teflon™‐sheet fencing to restrict movement have been used, however, their efficiency needs to be improved. Using behavioral experiments, we evaluated colors that would attract green anoles to traps and repel them from fences. We also conducted similar experiments on the native snake‐eyed skink (Cryptoblepharus nigropunctatus) to establish color preferences in an effort to reduce bycatch. We presented choices of 2 out of 6 colored papers	(blue, brown, green, purple, red, yellow) to green anoles and 3 colored papers (blue, brown, red) to snake‐eyed skinks to observe which color of paper the animals walked on first. Both species chose blue significantly less often than the other colors (blue was chosen only in 29% of runs). Green anoles demonstrated a preference for brown, whereas snake‐eyed skinks favored red. Our results suggested that using blue Teflon™‐sheet fence might reduce the transborder crossing rate of green anoles. Furthermore, bycatch of native snake‐eyed skinks may be reduced by changing the adhesive trap color to brown, from the currently used red.
Ergebnisse zu Studie 2
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenassungIm Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Auswertung der Unterrichtsvideos berichtet. Dazu wird zunächst der strukturelle Rahmen der betrachteten Unterstützungssituationen hinsichtlich der Merkmale Anlass, Art des Problems und personeller Rahmen beschrieben (Abschnitt 13.1). Anschließend werden die aus den Unterrichtsvideos identifizierten isolierten Unterstützungsmuster charakterisiert, voneinander abgegrenzt, illustriert und deren Vorkommen quantifiziert (Abschnitt 13.2; 13.3).
Seminarkonzept zur Förderung von Schüler*innen mit mathematischen Lernschwierigkeiten
Authors: Hettmann Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des Projekts Biprofessional, welches Teil der Bielefelder Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung ist, wurde ein Veranstaltungsformat entwickelt, das auf den Kompetenzerwerb von Studierenden im Bereich der Förderung von Motivation im Fach Mathematik zielt. In einer Kooperation von Mathematikdidaktiker*innen und Psycholog*innen wurde dazu ein in der Bielefelder Mathematikdidaktik etabliertes Veranstaltungsformat mit integrierter Praxisphase zur individuellen Förderung von Schüler*innen mit Schwierigkeiten beim Mathematiklernen adaptiert und um motivationspsychologische Aspekte ergänzt.
Potenzielle Auswirkungen erhöhter Alkoholsteuern auf die alkoholbedingte Krankheitslast in Deutschland: Eine Modellierungsstudie
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Rovira Pol , Neufeld Maria , Manthey Jakob , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Deutschland gehörte im Jahr 2019 zu den Ländern mit dem weltweit höchsten Pro-Kopf-Alkoholkonsum, welcher wesentlich zur Krankheitslast beiträgt.

Fragestellung
In dieser Modellierungsstudie schätzen wir, wie viele alkoholbedingte inzidente Krankheits- sowie Todesfälle in Deutschland im Jahr 2019 hätten vermieden werden können, wenn die derzeitigen Verbrauchssteuern auf Alkohol um 20 %, 50 % und 100 % erhöht worden wären.

Methodik
Ausgangspunkt für die Modellierung sind die spezifischen Verbrauchssteuern auf alkoholische Getränke in Deutschland. Drei Szenarien wurden unter der Annahme, dass die resultierende Steuererhöhung vollständig in den Verkaufspreis übertragen wird, und unter Verwendung von getränkespezifischen Preiselastizitäten modelliert. Mittels des sich daraus ergebenden Rückgangs im jährlichen Pro-Kopf-Konsum und der krankheitsspezifischen Risikofunktionen wurde die vermeidbare alkoholbedingte Inzidenz bzw. Mortalität geschätzt. Berücksichtigt wurden alkoholbedingte Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislauf- und Verdauungssystems, Alkoholabhängigkeit, Epilepsie, Infektionskrankheiten sowie Verletzungen und Unfälle.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt hätten durch eine Verdoppelung der spezifischen Verbrauchssteuern auf Alkohol im Jahr 2019 bis zu 200.400 alkoholbedingte Erkrankungs- und Verletzungsfälle sowie 2800 Todesfälle vermieden werden können. Dies entspricht knapp 7 % der berücksichtigten alkoholbedingten Krankheits- bzw. Todesfälle in Deutschland.

Diskussion
Alkoholbedingte Erkrankungen und Verletzungen sind vermeidbar und eine Erhöhung der spezifischen Verbrauchssteuern auf alkoholische Getränke in Deutschland könnte die alkoholbedingte Krankheitslast substanziell reduzieren.
Knotless PEEK and double-loaded biodegradable suture anchors ensure comparable clinical outcomes in the arthroscopic treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Saccomanno Maristella F. , Cerciello Simone , Adriani Marco , Motta Marcello , Megaro Almerico , Galli Stefano , Scaini Alessandra , Milano Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the clinical outcome of arthroscopic capsulolabral repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability with PEEK knotless and knotted biodegradable suture anchors.

Methods
Arthroscopic stabilization was performed in 78 patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability. They were divided into 2 groups of 39 patients each, according to suture anchors used: knotless PEEK anchors in group 1, and biodegradable anchors in group 2. Exclusion criteria were: instability without dislocation, posterior or multidirectional instability, glenoid bone loss > 20%, off-track lesions, concomitant rotator cuff tears and previous surgery. The primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) self-administered questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were: Work-DASH, Sport-DASH, Rowe score, recurrent instability and subsequent surgery. The following independent variables were considered: age, gender, dominance, generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity, duration of symptoms, age at first dislocation, number of dislocations, type of work, type of sport, sports activity level, capsule-labral injury pattern, SLAP lesion and number of anchors. Differences between groups for numerical variables were analyzed by use of the Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Fisher’s exact test was used for analysis of categorical variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Seven patients (9%) were lost at follow-up, 5 from group 1 and 2 from group 2. Follow-up ranged from 36 to 60 months (median: 44; IQR: 13). Comparison between groups did not show significant differences for each independent variable considered. No differences could be found either for DASH (n.s.) or Rowe (p = n.s.) scores between the two groups. Overall recurrence rate was 7%. Three re-dislocations were reported in group 1 and two in group 2 (n.s.). Only one patient in each group underwent re-operation.

Conclusions
The study showed no significant differences in clinical outcomes after arthroscopic treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability using PEEK knotless or biodegradable knotted anchors at mid-term follow-up.

Level of evidence
I.
Fungal dye-decolorizing peroxidase diversity: roles in either intra- or extracellular processes
Authors: Adamo Martino , Comtet-Marre Sophie , Büttner Enrico , Kellner Harald , Luis Patricia , Vallon Laurent , Prego Rocio , Hofrichter Martin , Girlanda Mariangela , Peyret Pierre , Marmeisse Roland 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fungal dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) have found applications in the treatment of dye-contaminated industrial wastes or to improve biomass digestibility. Their roles in fungal biology are uncertain, although it has been repeatedly suggested that they could participate in lignin degradation and/or modification. Using a comprehensive set of 162 fully sequenced fungal species, we defined seven distinct fungal DyP clades on basis of a sequence similarity network. Sequences from one of these clades clearly diverged from all others, having on average the lower isoelectric points and hydropathy indices, the highest number of N-glycosylation sites, and N-terminal sequence peptides for secretion. Putative proteins from this clade are absent from brown-rot and ectomycorrhizal species that have lost the capability of degrading lignin enzymatically. They are almost exclusively present in white-rot and other saprotrophic Basidiomycota that digest lignin enzymatically, thus lending support for a specific role of DyPs from this clade in biochemical lignin modification. Additional nearly full-length fungal DyP genes were isolated from the environment by sequence capture by hybridization; they all belonged to the clade of the presumably secreted DyPs and to another related clade. We suggest focusing our attention on the presumably intracellular DyPs from the other clades, which have not been characterized thus far and could represent enzyme proteins with novel catalytic properties.

Key points
• A fungal DyP phylogeny delineates seven main sequence clades.
• Putative extracellular DyPs form a single clade of Basidiomycota sequences.
• Extracellular DyPs are associated to white-rot fungi.
Aerosol morphology and particle size distribution in orthopaedic bone machining: a laboratory worst-case contamination simulation. Is high-speed bone machining potentially harmful by pollution and quality schemes and what measures could be taken for prevention?
Authors: Putzer David , Dammerer Dietmar , Huber Cora , Boschert Harald , Thaler Martin , Nogler Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim of the study
High-speed bone machining devices with irrigation fluid were used in surgery to spread aerosols and toss tissue particles of varying morphology into the operating room. Based on measurements taken on a phantom object, the shape, size, and spatial contamination distribution of such particles were assessed.

Method
Cadaveric femoral heads were continuously machined with a spherical bur, manually held at a fixed attack angle. The irrigation fluid used during bone machining was enriched with bacteria to act as a tracer to quantify the spatial contamination. A vertical board equipped with snippets served as a phantom object to assess contamination load and morphology of airborne particles.

Results
Eight-nine percent of the particles had a non-circular cross section. The detected particle size ranged across six orders of magnitude, from 0.006 to 4 mm2 with a median particle size of 0.125 mm2. The CFU counts observed after the standard machining time ranged from 7 to 240, with a median of 2 CFUs. The highest median contamination was seen at the upper right corner of the phantom.

Discussion
The experiments show that contaminating particles of a wide variety of shapes and sizes are part of the aerosol created by high-speed burring. While protection of personnel and equipment is always important, surgical helmets should be worn, especially at contamination hotspots, and gloves should be replaced at the end of machining. Sensitive instruments and measuring devices—such as optical sensors—should also be protected effectively, as the optical measurement may be obstructed by aerosol particles.
Stickleback mass occurrence driven by spatially uneven parasite pressure? Insights into infection dynamics, host mortality, and epizootic variability
Authors: Baer Jan , Gugele Sarah M. , Roch Samuel , Brinker Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since 2012, a massive invasion of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has taken place into the pelagic area of Lake Constance. This species, which had previously been restricted to the littoral zone, is now the dominant pelagic fish and the previously dominant whitefish (Coregonus wartmanni) has suffered severe reductions in growth and recruitment. In this study, in total, 2871 sticklebacks were collected via monthly sessions over a 4-year period in pelagic and benthic areas of Lake Constance and examined for signs of infection with Schistocephalus solidus, a parasite known to be potentially fatal. The infection risk to sticklebacks increases throughout the course of the year and is size- and sex-dependent. Habitat has only a marginal impact. All parasite-induced harm is imparted after stickleback spawning and parental care is over. The results did not support the hypothesis that the invasion of the pelagic area might be driven by parasite-avoiding behaviour. Furthermore, the impact of the parasite is likely to be limited to post-reproductive adults, thereby ensuring stable reproduction of the hosts despite high rates of transmission and mortality. In consequence, stickleback stock development is independent of S. solidus infection, leading to secure coexistence of host and parasite even at extraordinary high host levels.
Development of molecular detection methods of Bovicola ovis from sheep fleece
Authors: Tran Lily , Rawlin Grant T. , Beddoe Travis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis) commonly referred to as sheep lice are small chewing ectoparasites of sheep. Infection results in significant economic costs to the Australian sheep industry due to reduced wool quality caused by chronic itching from sheep rubbing and biting fleece. Treatment relies on use of insecticides; however, resistance has developed against pyrethroid and other insect growth regulator lousicides. There is urgent need to develop cost-effective lice management to reduce the use of insecticides, with the application of insecticidal treatments only applied when an infestation is detected. However, the current detection method relies on fleece parting for detection of B. ovis which is highly dependent on the skill of the inspector, the number of sheep examined, and the prevalence and severity of the infestation. To improve B. ovis detection, a highly sensitive (5 × 10−8 ng/μL) and specific multiplex quantitative PCR which simultaneously detects sheep lice and sheep DNA was developed. In addition, a B. ovis loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for field use. The B. ovis LAMP (Bov-LAMP) assay was optimized to reliably detect B. ovis from wool samples down to 5 × 10−6 ng/μL, with time to positive (Tp) < 10 min. Both assays demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, enabling rapid identification of B. ovis DNA from sheep fleece samples and have the capacity to be used for ongoing management and surveillance of B. ovis in Australian sheep flocks.
Die Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Evidenz für die Arbeit des Bundestags
Authors: Riphahn Regina T. , Schnitzer Monika 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungEs gibt in Deutschland bisher wenige Erhebungen dazu, wie Politiker:innen wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse für ihre Arbeit nutzen. Um diese Kenntnislücke zu füllen, hat die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina eine Erhebung beauftragt, die sich an die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestags und ihre Mitarbeitenden richtet. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung werden in diesem Beitrag präsentiert.