bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Testing of a High-Speed Helicoaxial Pump for High Gas Volume Fraction Operation
Authors: Ejim Chidirim , Xiao Jinjiang , Lee Woon , Zabala Wilson 
Published: June 2022

Summary
High-speed-rotor dynamic pump operation for downhole or surface production is required and also beneficial to handle very high gas volume fraction (GVF) flows. Operating speeds of these pumps can be in excess of twice those of conventional pumps. This study presents results showing that a high-speed helicoaxial pump (HAP) can operate satisfactorily at intake GVFs of up to 98%. The findings increase capabilities of field engineers and operators to boost and maximize production from high gas content wells.
The HAPs tested had a 4-in. housing outer diameter (OD) and shaft rotational speed of 6,000 revolutions per minute (RPM). HAP rotor and diffuser clearances were 0.010 and 0.020 in. A water sprayer was included at the HAP inlet. Water volume flow rates were held constant and that for air was varied. Water volume flow rate range was 63 to 143 B/D, and 549 to 3,238 B/D for air. Intake pressures varied from 14 to 76 psig, and average temperature across the HAPs was 20°C. The corresponding measurements were recorded during observed stable pump operation for each test point.
The results showed that the HAPs had stable operation during the tests for intake GVF range from 79 to 98%. The range of dimensionless pressure boost (DPB) was between 0.0184 and 0.0501, indicating that at such high speeds, the HAPs were able to add energy to the fluid even at high intake GVFs. For a given intake gas/liquid density ratio, the DPB decreased with increasing intake GVF. For the same liquid flow coefficient and intake GVF, increasing the intake gas/liquid density ratio increased the DPB of the HAP. The higher intake density ratio enhanced the HAP’s capability to provide positive pressure boost up to an intake GVF just above 98%. It was also observed that the HAP with the tighter diffuser-rotor clearance of 0.010 in. had a higher pressure boosting capability than the HAP with 0.020-in. diffuser-rotor clearance. Proper pump intake flow conditioning and homogenization using the water spray facilitated stable operation of the HAPs. Overall and in conclusion, running HAPs at high speeds in addition to optimizing certain features of the HAPs can result in stable pump operation and enhanced pressure boosting in high GVF flows.
This study mainly highlights the importance of operating HAPs at high speeds of up to 6,000 RPM. Tightening clearances between rotordynamic components and tailored inlet flow conditioning are also additional features that enhance pressure boosting. This architecture opens up opportunities for field operators and engineering personnel to maximize hydrocarbon production from their very high gas content field assets, thereby increasing the economic bottom line for the stakeholders.
The influence of baseline characteristics, treatment and depression on health-related quality of life in patients with multiple myeloma: A prospective observational study
Authors: Fischer Julia , Knop Stefan , Danhof Sophia , Einsele Hermann , Keller Daniela , Löffler Claudia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common hematologic malignancy with increasing importance due to improving treatment strategies and long-term outcomes in an aging population. This study aims to analyse influencing factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), such as treatment strategies, participation in a clinical trial and patient characteristics like anxiety, depression, gender, and age. A better understanding of the individual factors in context with HRQoL could provide a helpful instrument for clinical decisions.
Methods
In this prospective observational study, the HRQoL of MM patients with different therapies (first-line and relapse) was quantified by standardized questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and -MY20) in the context of sociodemographic data, individual anxiety and depressiveness (PHQ-4), and a selected number of clinical parameters and symptoms at defined time-points before, during, and after therapy.
Results
In total, 70 patients were included in the study. The median age of the study cohort was 62 years. 44% were female and 56% were male patients. More than half of the patients were fully active with an ECOG 0. Global health status was significantly higher in patients with first-line treatment and even increased after start of therapy, while the pain level decreased. In contrast, patients with relapsed MM reported a decreasing global health status and increasing pain. Additionally, there was a higher global health status in less anxious/depressive patients. HRQoL decreased significantly after start of chemotherapy in the parameters body image, side effects of treatment, and cognitive functioning. Tandem stem-cell transplantation was not found to be a risk factor for higher impairment of HRQoL. Participation in a clinical study led to an improvement of most aspects of HRQoL. Among others, increased anxiety and depression, female gender, older age, impaired performance status, and recurrent disease can be early indicators for a reduced HRQoL.
Conclusion
This study showed the importance of regular longitudinal assessments of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in routine clinical care. For the first time, to our knowledge, we were able to demonstrate a potential impact between participation in clinical trials and HRQoL. However, due to frequently restrictive inclusion criteria for clinical trials, these MM patients might not be directly comparable with patients treated within standard therapy concepts. Further studies are needed to clarify the relevance of this preliminary data in order to further an individualized, patient-centred, therapy concept.
The APPLE Tree programme: Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia through Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to build REsiliEnce: Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Poppe Michaela , Duffy Larisa , Marchant Natalie , Barber Julie , Hunter Rachael , Bass Nick , Minihane Annemarie , Walters Kate , Higgs Paul , Rapaport Penny , Lang Iain , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Huntley Jonathan , Walker Zuzana , Brodaty Henry , Kales Helen , Ritchie Karen , Burton Alexandra , Wenborn Jennifer , Betz Anna , Cooper Claudia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Largescale trials of multi-domain interventions show that modifying lifestyle and psychological risk factors can slow cognitive decline. We aim to determine if a lower intensity, personally tailored secondary dementia prevention programme for older people with subjective or mild objective memory decline, informed by behaviour change theory, reduces cognitive decline over two years.
Methods
A multi-site, single-blind randomised controlled trial recruiting 704 older adults at high dementia risk due to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD). Participants are randomised using 1:1 allocation ratio to the APPLE-Tree intervention versus control arm (dementia prevention information), stratified by site. The intervention explores and implements strategies to promote healthy lifestyle, increase pleasurable activities and social connections and improve long-term conditions self-management Two facilitators trained and supervised by a clinical psychologist deliver ten, one-hour group video call sessions over 6 months (approximately every fortnight), video-call “tea breaks” (less structured, facilitated social sessions) in intervening weeks, and individual goal-setting phone calls every two weeks. From 6–12 months, participants meet monthly for “tea breaks”, with those not attending receiving monthly goal-setting phone calls. Participants receive a food delivery, pedometer, and website access to cognitive training and information about lifestyle modification. Follow-ups for all outcome measures are at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is cognition (Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) score) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY), and wellbeing and lifestyle factors the intervention targets (diet, vascular risk, body weight, activity, sleep, anxiety, depression, social networks and loneliness, alcohol intake and smoking). Participants from purposively selected sites participate in qualitative process evaluation interviews, which will be analysed using thematic analytic methods.
Discussion
If effective, the intervention design, involving remote delivery and non-clinical facilitators would facilitate intervention roll-out to older people with memory concerns.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN17325135. Registration date 27th November 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17325135
Novel Prognostic Indicator Combining Inflammatory Indicators and Tumor Markers for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yu Liang , Jiang Runben , Chen Wanjing , Liu Yanwei , Wang Gui , Gong Xin , wang Yong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and we hope to identify an economical but practical prognostic indicator. It has been reported that inflammatory indicators and tumor markers are associated with GC progression and are widely used to predict prognosis. However, existing prognostic models do not comprehensively analyze these predictors.
Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed 893 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015, in the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Prognostic factors predicting overall survival (OS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Nomograms including independent prognostic factors were plotted for predicting survival.
Results
Ultimately, 425 patients were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, total neutrophil count/lymphocyte count*100%) and CA19-9 were independent prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.001, p = 0.016). The NLR-CA19-9 score (NCS), constructed as the combination of the NLR and CA19-9, was significantly associated with worse clinicopathological characteristics and OS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that the NCS was an independent prognostic factor for OS (NCS1: p < 0.001, HR = 3.172, 95% CI = 2.120–4.745; NCS2: p < 0.001, HR = 3.052, 95% CI = 1.928–4.832). Compared with traditional predictive indices, the NCS had the highest AUC for 12-month survival, 36-month survival, 60-month survival and OS (AUC = 0.654, 0.730, 0.811, 0.803, respectively). The nomogram had a higher Harrell’s C-index than TNM stage alone (0.788 vs. 0.743).
Conclusions
The NCS provides more accurately predicts the prognosis of GC patients, and its predictive value is significantly better than that of traditional inflammatory indicators or tumor markers. It is an effective complement to existing GC assessment systems.
SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fan Ruirui , Gao Jie ,   SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (SDUS) is a highly invasive single-gene malignant Chen, Hou Jinlin , Chen Hanlin , Lu Mingzhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (SDUS) is a highly invasive single-gene malignant tumour caused by mutations in the SMARCA4 gene. SDUS has a poor prognosis and has no established treatment scheme at present. What's more, there is no relevant research on the role of immune microenvironment analysis in SDUS worldwide. Here, we report a case of SDUS that combined examinations via morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular detection and analysed the immune microenvironment. Therefore, our report will help in the diagnostic awareness of SDUS.
WITHDRAWN: HDAC9 promotes the susceptibility of diabetes to Contrast-induced acute kidney injury by regulating TXNIP/Trx1 pathway
Authors: Lu Heng-Cheng , Dai Wen-Ni , Liu Zhi-Wen , Xiao Li , Liu Hong , Sun Lin , He Li-Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for CIAKI. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its role in diabetes susceptibility to CIAKI remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role played by Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) during the susceptibility of diabetic model to CIAKI. Methods Both in vitro and in vivo model of diabetes were induced by treating human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) with high glucose (HG, 50mM) and by feeding mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), respectively. CIAKI mice models were constructed by contrast-media (iohexol), and iohexol also was treated HK-2 cells. Then, BRD-4354 (an inhibitor of HDAC9) was added into treated cells and mice. Finally, knockdown HDAC9 in HK-2 cultured with HG, and iohexol was added. The pathological changes, oxidative stress and apoptosis levels in mice kidney tissues were assessed. Meanwhile, cellular reactive oxygen species and the activity of HK-2 cells was measured. Western blot was used to determine the expression of HDAC9 and TXNIP/Trx1/P-ASK1/p38MAPK signaling pathways in cells and kidneys. Results HDAC9 was increased in both diabetic kidney tissues and HG-induced HK-2 cells. In vitro experiment indicated that HK-2 exposed to HG attenuated further damage to apoptosis and oxidative stress by iohexol via knockdown and inhibiting HDAC9. In vivo assay revealed that BRD-4354 reduced diabetic mice sensitivity to CI-AKI. Mechanically, HDAC9 could activate TXNIP/Trx1/P-ASK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway involving in the susceptibility of diabetes to CIAKI. Conclusion HDAC9 promotes the sensitivity of diabetes to CIAKI; and may be involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of the TXNIP/Trx1/P-ASK1/p38MAPK pathway.
SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate nephrin loss and enhance TGF-β1 secretion in type 2 diabetes patients with albuminuria: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tian Yuan , Chen Xiao-min , Liang Xian-ming , Wu Xiao-bin , Yao Chun-meng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on albuminuria, nephrin (NPH) and transforming-growth-factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) levels in urine and low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D ) patients.Methods: A randomized, blank-controlled clinical trial included 68 T2D patients and 10 controls. Based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), 68 diabetic patients were stratified into three levels, UACR<30 mg/g, UACR≧30 mg/g to≦300 mg/g and UACR˃300 mg/g, who were randomized(1:1:1) to receive SGLT2i treatment for 12 weeks. The concentrations of NPH and TGF-β1 in urine were measured as indications of podocyte injury and renal fibrosis. Low-grade inflammation was assessed by the levels of IL-6, TNFα and hsCRP.Results: After 12 weeks of SGLT2i treatment, the levels of UACR and NPH decreased, UTGF-β1 increased in the T2D with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups, NPH (1.12[0.59,1.29] vs 0.71[0.41,1.07] ug/ml, P=0.022) and (1.29[0.99,1.96] vs 0.93[0.57,1.31] ug/ml, P=0.002), UTGF-β1 (4.88±1.31vs 7.27±1.21 pg/ml, P˂0.001) and (4.30±1.34 vs 6.78±2.59 pg/ml, P˂0.001), respectively. The changes in NPH were positively correlated with the UACR and negatively correlated with UTGF-β1 in T2D with albuminuria.Conclusions: SGLT2i alleviate nephrin loss and enhance TGF-β1 excretion in urine in T2DM with albuminuria. The anti-albuminuric effect of SGLT2i could be attributed to mitigating podocyte apoptosis and attenuating renal fibrosis.Trial registration:This clinical trial was registered on 15/10/2019, in ClinicalTrials.gov, and the registry number is NCT04127084.
Detailed analysis of animal manure-based CO2 emissions, coal, electricity, thermal energy, and CH4 emissions and using machine learning as a forecasting method: a study from Turkey
Authors: Pence Ihsan , Kumaş Kazım , Siseci Melike Cesmeli , Akyüz Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, the animal manure-based biogas potentials of Antalya, Isparta, and Burdur provinces in the Western Mediterranean region of Turkey were calculated. CO2 emission, coal, electricity, and thermal energy, CH4 emission values were calculated and machine learning modeling was performed. A total of 550305 tons/year of manure can be obtained from this animal's existence. As a result of the calculation, 130929541 m3/year of biogas can be produced from manure. Depending on biogas production; 93484 tons/year of coal, 235673174 kWh/year of electrical energy, and 2828078093 MJ/year of thermal energy can be provided and 153653 tons/year of CO2 emissions will be prevented. In this study, special information on cattle, sheep, and poultry, and animal age, number, and manure amount information were used in detail. To determine the model with the best results, machine learning algorithms Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Linear Regression (LR) were used and hyper-parameter optimization was performed. According to the results of biogas potential, CO2 emission, electricity production, and thermal energy estimations SVM models are seen as the best models with R2 = 0.999. When the coal amount estimation is examined, the LR models produce better results than SVM and MLP with R2 = 0.997. In the estimation of CH4 using the Tier 1 approach, the MLP model can perform the best estimation with R2 = 0.977. In the CH4 modeling obtained using the Tier 2 approach, the LR models were superior to the other models with the performance value of R2 = 0.962.
Long-term outcomes of cryoablation for biopsy-proven T1 stage renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Shangqing , Yang Qing , Gu Chengyuan , Yu Guopeng , Hua Bao , Gu Xin , Wang Linhui , Wang Zhong , Shi Guohai , Xu Bin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
To summarize our clinical experience of cryoablation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of Chinese population and to evaluate the long-term outcomes of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) cryoablation (LCA) as well as percutaneous CT-guided cryoablation (PCA) for biopsy-proven T1a and T1b RCC.
Methods
This was a multi-center, retrospective study investigating T1 stage RCC patients from 2011 to 2021. The patients were treated by LCA or PCA according to individual situation. Overall survival (OS), cancer-related survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated for oncological outcomes and kidney function, complications, hospital stay were used to estimate technical outcomes.
Results
163 consecutive patients were included. Among them, 59 cases were treated by LCA and PCA was performed in 104 cases. All operations were processed successfully. Mean diameter of the mass was (2.9 ± 1.4) cm, median blood volume was 45ml (10 ~ 200 ml). The mean operation time was (84.0 ± 24.5) min. The median postoperative hospital stay was 3 days (1 ~ 6 days). Compared with LCA, procedure time of PCA was shortened, the volume of bleeding was reduced, and the hospital stay was decreased. The overall adverse events rate was 9.8% (16/163). The mean pre-operative and post-operative eGFR of LCA were 77.6 ± 15.3 ml/min and 75.6 ± 17.4 ml/min, respectively. Analogously, the values of PCA were 78.7 ± 12.9 ml/min and 76.7 ± 14.3 ml/min. Mean follow-up time was 64.2 ± 30.2 months (range, 7-127 months). Local recurrence was observed in 13 patients (8.0%), 4 (6.8%) cases of LCA and 9 (8.7%) cases of PCA. PFS at 5 and 10 years were 95.5% and 69.2% for LCA and 96.7% and 62.8% for PCA. In total, 26 patients (16.0%) (11 patients from LCA and 15 from PCA) died throughout the follow-up period. OS at 5 and 10 years were 93.8% and 31.4% for LCA, and 97.4% and 52.7% for PCA. 6 patients (3.7%) (3 cases from LCA and 3 from PCA) died of metastatic RCC. CCS for LCA were 98.0% and 82.8% at 5 and 10 years, while the data were 100% and 86.4% for PCA.
Conclusion
LCA and PCA for T1 stage RCC provides satisfactory long-term oncological and renal function preservation outcomes, with acceptable complication rates.
SimCryoCluster: A Semantic Similarity Clustering Method of Cryo-EM Images by Adopting Contrastive Learning
Authors: Tang Huanrong , Wang Yaowu , Ouyang Jianquan , Wang Jinlin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) plays an increasingly important role in the determination of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of macromolecules. In order to achieve 3D reconstruction results close to atomic resolution, 2D single-particle image classification is not only conducive to single-particle selection, but also a key step that affects 3D reconstruction. The main task is to cluster and align 2D single-grain images into non-heterogeneous groups to obtain sharper single-grain images by averaging calculations. The main difficulties are that the cryo-EM single-particle image has a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), cannot manually label the data, and the projection direction is random and the distribution is unknown. Therefore, in the low SNR scenario, how to obtain the characteristic information of the effective particles, improve the clustering accuracy, and thus improve the reconstruction accuracy, is a key problem in the 2D image analysis of single particles of cryo-EM.Results: Aiming at the above problems, we propose a learnable deep clustering method and a fast alignment weighted averaging method based on frequency domain space to effectively improve the class averaging results and improve the reconstruction accuracy. In particular, it is very prominent in the feature extraction and dimensionality reduction module. Compared with the classification method based on Bayesian and great likelihood, a large amount of single particle data is required to estimate the relative angle orientation of macromolecular single particles in the 3D structure, and we propose that the clustering method shows good results.Conclusions: SimcryoCluster can use the contrastive learning method to perform well in the unlabeled high-noise cryo-EM single particle image classification task, making it an important tool for cryo-EM protein structure determination.
What to Expect When Girls are Expecting: Psychosocial Support Challenges and Opportunities in the Context and Aftermath of Teenage Pregnancy in Kenya
Authors: Undie Chi-Chi , Birungi Harriet 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis qualitative study was conducted in Homa Bay County, Kenya, to examine teenage girls’ experience of pregnancy and parenting, and their resultant psychosocial support needs in a context in which school re-entry for girls who have experienced pregnancy is currently vigorously promoted.MethodsThe study used a descriptive phenomenological approach in analyzing counseling case notes documented by psychologists who counseled 20 pregnant or parenting girls as part of a psychosocial response integrated into a data collection process for a larger, quantitative survey. The counseling case notes were analyzed thematically. ResultsEmerging master themes were related to pregnant and parenting girls’ experience of sexual violence and adverse childbirth outcomes; psychological trauma confronted by girls and their parents alike; parental need for support in communicating with pregnant/parenting girls about sex and sexuality; and the availability of family support to help girls return to school. ConclusionsPregnant and parenting teenage girls require a range of psychosocial support responses that recognize the realities of sexual violence and other traumas in the lives of the girls themselves, as well as in the lives of their parents and caregivers. While parents and other caregivers can serve as an important resource for supporting affected girls who want to return to school, they often need assistance, too, in order to support pregnant/parenting girls effectively. These realities need to be taken into account if school re-entry programs for this population are to maximize their effectiveness.