bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI SEKOLAH DASAR YAYASAN SERI AMAL MEDAN
Authors: Tamba Losten 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses pembelajaran daring di sekolah dasar yang dikelola Yayasan Seri Amal Medan tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif pada bulan Juni 2021 kepada siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SD Santo Antonius 1 dan 2 Medan, SD St. Paulus Sidikalang, SD Santo Pius Parsoburan, dan SD Santo Ignatius Medan yang berjumlah 621 siswa (responden). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket skala likert yang mencakup perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran, penilaian pembelajaran, dan pengawasan pembelajaran daring. Data dianalisis dengan menghitung proporsi setiap pilihan instrumen. Dari penelitian ditemukan bahwa (a) pembelajaran didominasi dengan penggunaan whattsApp (WA), (b) sebagaian besar pembelajaran siswa didampingi oleh orangtua, (c) waktu melakukan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan tepat sesuai alokasi waktu, (d) guru menyampaikan materi dengan jelas namun perlu menggunakan model/strategi pembelajaran yang lebih tepat, dan (e) guru melakukan penilaian sesuai tujuan dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami.
Sub/supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Compounds Analysis
Authors: Kalíková Květa , Folprechtová Denisa , Kadlecová Zuzana 
Published: March 2022

Chirality is an essential feature of nature as it is common for many biologically active compounds. The different biological effects of individual enantiomers in a chiral environment are generally known. Therefore, there is a need for fast, efficient, and robust methods for their separation, quantification, and purification, too. The easiest way is to use chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography has become popular in the field of enantioselective separations in various scopes and, in some cases, has become a method of the first choice.
Therefore, this review article covers actual trends and possibilities of sub/supercritical fluid chromatography in enantioseparations. Ways to influence enantioselectivity of the separation system by column coupling, screening approaches, and processes of methodical development for fast and efficient analyses are discussed.
Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography under suitable experimental conditions provides fast and highly efficient separation of chiral compounds.
Metode Eklektik dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Mardiyah Siti Milatul 
Published: March 2022

Learning methodology is very necessary in the learning process. The success of a learning process also depends on the methodology, especially in learning Arabic. Many kinds of methods can be applied in teaching and learning activities, for example: lecture method, qawa'id wa al tarjamah method, preacher method, and so forth. Although there are many kinds of learning methods in learning Arabic, unfortunately there are still advantages and disadvantages of those methods. As a result of these events, the eclectic method was born, which is a combined method/mixture of methods that already existed before. This method has a goal to be achieved, namely the purpose of several methods chosen and combined, so that language skills can be collected all in this method and teaching and learning activities can run efficiently and optimally. In language learning, there is no perfect method used for various learning purposes, because the methods that can be used still have advantages and disadvantages. However, these methods can be used properly and correctly according to the needs in the learning process, so that learning objectives can be achieved. The use of methods in the learning process is adjusted to the needs of a teacher in delivering information / material to his students. So, the Arabic learning methods are chosen and used as needed, and they are not used as a whole.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Interaktif melalui Media E-Learning Madrasah di MTsN 1 Kota Malang
Authors: Fitriani Siti Nurul , Syarifah Syarifah , Susanto Ali 
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to describe the use of Madrasah E-Learning as a modern learning Arabic with an easy and fun application and includes four maharohs. To meet these objectives, researchers used descriptive qualitative research methods. The results are (1) Madrasah E-Learning is a modern Arabic learning that is used online in Distance Learning (2) Madrasah E-Learning provides several main Arabic learning menus such as Class Timeline, Video Conference, Minimum Completeness Criteria, Learning Plans, Teaching Materials, Associated Student Data, Class Attendance, Teacher`s Journal, Computer Based Test (CBT), Knowledge Assessment (KI3), Skill Assessment (KI4), Final Semester Assessment, Report Card Recapitulation, Student Activity Monitoring. The research method that researchers use in this research is qualitative method research.
Essential and non-mutagenic elements in raw ewe milk
Authors: Toman Robert , Pšenková Martina , Imrich Ivan , Hluchý Svätoslav , Almášiová Simona 
Published: March 2022

The monitoring of metals and other chemical elements in the basic sources of diet, mainly for children, is very important for preventing health issues. The aim of this work was to determine the concentration of selected essential (Ca, K, Mg, Mo, Na, Zn) and non-mutagenic elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Li, Sb, Sr) in ewe milk from the Orava region in northern Slovakia. Twenty milk samples were analysed in June and August using an inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The differences in elements concentration between the seasonal periods were not significant (p < 0.05), except for lithium (p < 0.05). The essential elements concentration was within the recommended levels, while the non-mutagenic and potentially toxic metals consist was under the permissible limits. However, there were found very strong and significant relationships between the elements which may suggest the synergistic / additive or antagonistic effects of some elements.
Level II trauma centers have highest charges for hip fractures
Authors: Simson Joshua E , Vazquez Eduardo , Dunn John C , Nelson James H 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the charges for pertrochanteric hip fracture care in Texas.
Design: Database review.
Setting: Texas Hospital Inpatient Public Use Data File (PUDF)
Intervention: Charges reported by hospitals to the Texas Department of State Health Services for pertrochanteric hip fractures.
Main outcome measurement: Charges associated with pertrochanteric hip fracture stratified by implant type and according to facility trauma level designation, urban versus rural, teaching versus non-teaching, and border versus inland status.
Results and conclusions: There were a total of 44,853 pertrochanteric hip fracture surgeries performed over the three-year period in the state of Texas. The vast majority were treated at urban (93.4%), inland (non-border) (92.3%), non-teaching (74.2%) facilities with intramedullary fixation (56.9%). A significant increase in charges was associated with treatment at an urban ($32,412), border ($44,919), or teaching ($10,501) facility. Mean inpatient charges at Level II facilities was $113,700. Further study is warranted to determine what drives the differences in charges associated with hip fracture treatment.
Level of Evidence: IV; Economic Database Analysis
Keywords: hip fracture, access to care, charge analysis, value-based care, Texas.
(J Ortho Business 2022; 1:4-6)
Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)
Authors: Aubrechtová Martina , Korn Dieter 
Published: March 2022

Ordovician ectocochleate cephalopods of the order Lituitida Starobogatov, 1983, mainly from erratics of the Orthoceratite Limestone embedded in Pleistocene glacio-fluvial sediments in Germany, Poland and the Kaliningrad Region of Russia are revised. In total, seven genera (Rhynchorthoceras, Ancistroceras, Angelinoceras, Holmiceras, Lituites, Trilacinoceras, Cyclolituites) and 28 species are identified. Eleven species are newly described: Rhynchorthoceras kranepuhlense sp. nov., R. rugium sp. nov., Holmiceras havelense sp. nov., Lituites baculus sp. nov., L. bottkei sp. nov., L. clavis sp. nov., L. dewitzi sp. nov., L. kruegeri sp. nov., L. nebeni sp. nov., Trilacinoceras filix sp. nov. and T. knoefleri sp. nov. The concept of several taxa described in the 19th century, including the ambiguous species L. lituus de Montfort, 1808 and L. perfectus Wahlenberg, 1818, is refined. Neotypes are proposed for the latter two species.
CONSENSUS ON METRICS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF A MEDICAL SCIENCE LIAISON USING THE DELPHI METHOD
Authors: Arce Cristina , Cristina García-García  , Raúl Corrales  , Isabel Botella  
Published: March 2022

The determination of the metrics to evaluate the figure of medical science liaison (MSL) presents certain difficulties, as there is a great deal of variability. Therefore, the aim of the present exploratory study is to evaluate the metrics for evaluating MSL performance that are currently being used by the medical departments of the pharmaceutical industry in Spain by using the Delphi methodology with two rounds of participation.
After the first round, experts reached a consensus in 20 (38.5%) of 52 items: 18 in agreement and 2 in disagreement. In the second round, they established consensus in 8 (25.0%) of the remaining items. Overall, consensus was met in 28/52 (53.8%) items: 23 in agreement (44.2%) and 5 in disagreement (9.6%). No consensus was reached in 24 items (46.2%). On the general metrics, there was consensus agreement that the weight of each of these metrics should vary according to the product life cycle (96%), and disagreement that performance assessment should be done through a combination of quantitative (92%) and qualitative (80%) metrics.
This study provides the company with greater knowledge to establish and adapt its strategies without losing focus on delivering value in the relationships with healthcare professionals and patients.
Microbial community spatial structures in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing materials
Authors: Li Jinjin , Sun Hongzhao , Wang Qian , Cai Yunfei , Shi Zhu , Jia Jianlei , Zheng Lei , Jiang Ru , Gao Lingmei 
Published: March 2022

Background
Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of Luzhou-flavored liquor, little is known about the effect of brewing materials on spatial structures of this microbiome.

Methods
High-throughput sequencing of the V4–V5 region of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community diversity and spatial heterogeneity in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing ingredients. The structural characteristics and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pit mud microbial communities were examined using bioinformatics and multivariate statistical analysis methods.

Results
Our results showed that Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and WWE1 were the dominant phyla in the pit mud microbiome. The Shannon and Simpson indices of the pit mud microbiome with three grains (M3G) in the upper layer were significantly lower than those in middle layer and bottom, whereas those of the pit mud microbiome with five grains (M5G) in bottom were significantly lower than those in middle layer (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the microbial community compositions between the pit muds with different brewing ingredients and locations in the same pit (p < 0.05). T78 of Anaerolinaceae, Butyrivibrio, Dehalobacter_Syntrophobotulus, Desulfosporosinus, Asteroleplasma, and vadinCA02 of Synergistaceae were significantly enriched in M3G, whereas Prevotella, Vagococcus, Caldicoprobacter, Butyrivibrio, Coprococcus, Dorea, Sporanaerobacter, Tepidimicrobium, TissierellaSoehngenia, RFN20 of Erysipelotrichaceae, Sutterella, 125ds10 of Alteromonadales, Vibrio, and Sphaerochaeta were significantly enriched in M5G. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of brewing ingredients in pit muds on the production of Luzhou-flavored liquor and the specific influence of pit mud microorganisms in different locations on liquor production.
Abubidentin A, New Oleanane-type Triterpene Ester from Abutilon bidentatum and its antioxidant, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activities
Authors: A. Al-Hamoud Gadah , Al-Musayeib Nawal M. , Amina Musarat , Ibrahim Sabrin R.M. 
Published: March 2022

Background
This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigation of aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. Of Saudi origin.

Methodology
Petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract A. bidentatum was fractionated on a silica gel column and further purified with different chromatographic procedures for the isolation of chemical compounds. The chemical structures of all the pure isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of their spectral data using IR, UV, 1H, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopy and chemical methods (alkaline hydrolysis) as well as comparison with data reported in the literature. The extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities.

Results
A new oleanane-type triterpene ester, namely abubidentin A (3) (α, 3β, 30-trihydroxy-29-carboxy-olean-9(11), 12-diene-3-dotriacontanoate), along with two known compounds: 2-hydroxydocosanoic acid (1) and stigmasta-22-ene-3-β-ol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. (Malvaceae). Concerning the biological potential, the abubidentinA displayed antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities. AbubidentinA possessed strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. This new triterpene exhibited high inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 38.13 ± 0.07 µgmL−1) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 32.68 ± 0.37 µgmL−1). Abubidentin A displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (125–150 µgmL−1).

Conclusion
These findings suggest A. bidentatum can contribute as a source of new biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Increased level of FAM19A5 is associated with cerebral small vessel disease and leads to a better outcome
Authors: Hao Zhongnan , Yang Shaonan , Yin Ruihua , Wei Jin , Wang Yuan , Pan Xudong , Ma Aijun 
Published: March 2022

Objective
FAM19A5 plays an essential role in the development and acute or chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. The present study aimed to explore the association between FAM19A5 and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).

Methods
A total of 344 recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI) patients and 265 healthy controls were included in this study. The difference in the FAM19A5 level between the two groups was compared and the correlation between FAM19A5 and cerebral infarction volume was analyzed. Also, the association between FAM19A5 and the total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) burden with its imaging characteristics was explored. Moreover, the correspondence of FAM19A5 with the outcome was assessed via Δ National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) and the percentage of NIHSS improvement.

Results
FAM19A5 was highly expressed in the RSSI group (P = 0.023), showing a positive correlation with cerebral infarction volume (P < 0.01). It was positively correlated with total MRI cSVD burden (P < 0.001) and reflected the severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (P < 0.01) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) (P < 0.01), but did not show any association with cerebral microbleed (CMB) and lacune. Moreover, FAM19A5 suggested a larger Δ NIHSS (P = 0.021) and NIHSS improvement percentage (P = 0.007).

Conclusion
Serum FAM19A5 was increased in RSSI and positively correlated with the infarct volume. It also reflects the total MRI burden of cSVD, of which the imaging characteristics are positively correlated with WMH and EPVS. In addition, higher FAM19A5 levels reflect better outcomes in RSSI patients.
Effect of Consumption of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Seed-formulated Diet on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Dexamethasone-treated Pregnant Rats
Authors: Comfort Oladele Funmilola , Awoyinka Olayinka Anthony , Ofeimu Joy Oluwadamilola , Adekanmbi Precious Moyinoluwa 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The present study tends to examine the effect of consumption of Sphenostylis stenocarpa-formulated diet on oxidative stress biomarkers of dexamethasone-treated pregnant rats.
Methodology: Sphenostylis stenocarpa was obtained locally from a market in Ado Ekiti. They were ground into powder and used to make feed for laboratory animals. Fifteen pregnant female rats were divided into three groups of five. Animals in group A were only fed standard animal feed. This served as the control group. Those in group B were exposed to Sphenostylis stenocarpa-formulated diet + 0.3 mg/kg body weight of dexamethasone, while those in group C were exposed to Sphenostylis stenocarpa-formulated diet. At the end of the eight days treatment, animals were sacrificed and blood sample, liver and kidney were collected.
Results: The results revealed that treatment of animals with dexamethasone significantly increased (P<0.05) the activities of SOD and CAT and the concentration of MDA but decreased the concentration of GSH in plasma, liver homogenate and kidney homogenate respectively when compared with those in animals in the control group as well as those fed with S. stenocarpa-formulated diet only. The result further showed that feeding of animals with S. stenocarpa-formulated diet only had no significant effect on oxidative stress biomarkers investigated when compared with those in the control group.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that exposure of animals to dexamethasone induced oxidative stress in animals while S. stenocarpa-formulated diet possesses the potential to alleviate the effect of oxidative stress generation.
Association of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Samad K. A. Fabi , Chandra Jagadish , Sequeira Joyce P. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the oral cavity.it is commonly seen in the lip, oral cavity, salivary glands. Worldwide, oral cancer accounts for 2%–4% of all cancer cases. Although tobacco and alcohol are the main etiologic factors in majority of these cancers, the etiological factor in 1/4th of the cases remains unidentified. There is a growing evidence that human papilloma virus (HPV) may act as a cocarcinogen along with tobacco which eventually results in oral cancers.
Hence, this study is focused on evaluating the expression of HPV in OSCC and to correlate the association of HPV in OSCC patients.
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the presence of human papilloma virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma using p16 tumor biomarker and to compare the presence of human papilloma virus in tobacoo related and non tobacoo related oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Methodology: A 100 histologically diagnosed OSCC patients were selected for the study and sections were made to evaluate the presence of HPV using P16 tumor marker.
Results: Out of the total 100 patients the presence of HPV was seen in only 3 patients. Tongue was the common site with a male predilection. Even though non smokers were more in the study, the presence of HPV was seen in patients with smoking habit. Thus correlating the relationship between presence of HPV and smoking habit.
Conclusion: There is no significant association between OSCC and HPV in our study. Our study also proves that there is an association between HPV and smoking habit. However considering our sample size, a larger sample size can be consider to prove the association between OSCC and HPV.
Frequency of Aids Defining Opportunistic Infections in Hospitalized HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Bano Saliha , Ali Gohar , Sandeelo Nabiya , Talib Abu , Lal Hari , Lakho Mumtaz Ali , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali 
Published: March 2022

Background: Human Immunodeficiency virus patients with AIDS defined opportunistic infections with Pneumocystis jiroveci, cryptoccocal, disseminated TB, cytomegalovirus, and cytomegalovirus associated retinitis, and cryptospordiasis.
Objective: To determine the frequency of AIDS defining opportunistic infections in hospitalized HIV infected patients.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted from 21st October 2018 to 20th April 2019 at Department of Medicine, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Total 154 diagnosed patients of HIV were included. For diagnosis of various AIDS defining illness, clinical, radiological and bacteriological evidence of disseminated tuberculosis chronic cough, and weight loss diagnosed by AFB smear/ gene experts. Pneumocystis jiroveci was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage and CD4 counts. Cryptosporidiosis with watery diarrhea and stool sample microscopy, cerebral toxoplasmosis with headache, hemiparesis, vomiting, diagnosed by serology and cytomegalovirus retinitis with blurred vision diplopia, vision impairment and Cryptococcal meningitis with fever >98.6oF. Headache, stiff neck, photophobia diagnosed by microscopy, culture, or antigen was done. Descriptive statistics were calculated and stratification was done. Post stratification chi square test was applied. P value ≤0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: There were 71.4% male and 28.6% female patient. The mean HIV duration was 15.25±5.09 months. The overall mean CD4 count was 174.17±12.85/cumm. 18.8% patient were found with disseminated tuberculosis, 31.2% with pneumocystis pneumonia, 12.3% with cerebral toxoplasmosis, 18.2% with cryptococcal meningitis, 3.9% with cryptospordiasis and 14.9% with cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Conclusion: Pneumocystis pneumonia was the most prevalent infection followed by disseminated tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and cryptospordiasis.