bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of maternal rank, 5‐HTTLPR genotype, and MAOA‐LPR genotype to temperament in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Capitanio John P. , Sommet Nicolas , Del Rosso Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperament is a construct whose manifestations are quantifiable from an early age, and whose origins have been proposed as “biological.” Our goal was to determine whether maternal rank and infant genotype are associated with five measures of temperament in 3‐ to 4‐month old rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), all of whom were born and reared by their mothers in large, outdoor, half‐acre cages. Maternal rank was defined as the proportion of animals outranked by each female, and the two genes of interest to us were monoamine oxidase and serotonin transporter, both of which are polymorphic in their promoter regions (MAOA‐LPR and 5‐HTTLPR, respectively), with one allele of each gene considered a “plasticity” allele, conferring increased sensitivity to environmental events. Our large sample size (n = 2014–3140) enabled us to examine the effects of individual genotypes rather than combining genotypes as is often done. Rank was positively associated with Confident temperament, but only for animals with the 5‐repeat allele for MAOA‐LPR. Rank had no other effect on temperament. In contrast, genotype had many different effects, with 5‐HTTLPR associated with behavioral inhibition, and MAOA‐LPR associated with ratings‐based measures of temperament. We also examined the joint effect of the two genotypes and found some evidence for a dose‐response: animals with the plasticity alleles for both genes were more likely to be behaviorally inhibited. Our results suggest phenotypic differences between animals possessing alleles for MAOA‐LPR that show functional equivalence based on in vitro tests, and our data for 5‐HTTLPR revealed differences between short/short homozygotes and long/short heterozygotes, strongly suggesting that combining genotypes for statistical analysis should be avoided if possible. Our analysis also provides evidence of sex differences in temperament, and, to our knowledge, the only evidence of differences in temperament based on specific pathogen‐free status. We suggest several directions for future research.
Reconstruction of Greek population diet from Neolithic period to modern times
Authors: Dotsika Elissavet , Tassi Maria , Karalis Petros , Gougoura Sofia , Kranioti Elena F. , Michael Dimitra E. , Kazou Maria , Poutouki Anastasia E. , Diamantopoulos Georgios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesIsotopic analysis has been proven a valuable tool for reconstructing dietary habits in the ancient world. In this work we examine the evolution of Greek diet from the Neolithic period (6800–3000 BC) to modern times.Materials and MethodsWe present isotopic analysis results for δ13C and δ15Ν of adult human bone collagen from ancient (Kaiadas in Sparta) and modern populations (Crete), while at the same time we review published results for δ13C and δ15Ν of adult human bone collagen from Neolithic to modern times of Greece.ResultsThe δ13C isotopic values evolve to more positive values, while they present a greater variability toward modern times. Furthermore, the δ15N values gradually increase over time.DiscussionWe discuss the differences i) in human diet through time for the whole Greece and ii) individually for the island of Crete and we conclude that over time human diet becomes richer in high trophic level proteins such as marine sources with a larger variety of food sources.
Clinical research in dementia: A perspective on implementing innovation
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Handels Ron , Gold Michael , Grazia Alice , Lutz Michael W. , Martin Mike , Nosheny Rachel , Robillard Julie M. , Weidner Wendy , Alexandersson Jan , Thyrian Jochen René , Winblad Bengt , Barbarino Paola , Khachaturian Ara S. , Teipel Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing global prevalence of dementia demands concrete actions that are aimed strategically at optimizing processes that drive clinical innovation. The first step in this direction requires outlining hurdles in the transition from research to practice. The different parties needed to support translational processes have communication mismatches; methodological gaps hamper evidence‐based decision‐making; and data are insufficient to provide reliable estimates of long‐term health benefits and costs in decisional models. Pilot projects are tackling some of these gaps, but appropriate methods often still need to be devised or adapted to the dementia field. A consistent implementation perspective along the whole translational continuum, explicitly defined and shared among the relevant stakeholders, should overcome the “research‐versus‐adoption” dichotomy, and tackle the implementation cliff early on. Concrete next steps may consist of providing tools that support the effective participation of heterogeneous stakeholders and agreeing on a definition of clinical significance that facilitates the selection of proper outcome measures.
Japanese medical students’ awareness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Machino Hiromi , Irie Jin , Hiraki Katsushige , Ukaji Yukari , Sawaya Shunnosuke , Nomura Osamu , Hanada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate Japanese medical students’ awareness of newly recommended cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and airway management procedures in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was sent in December 2020 to all medical students at Hirosaki University in Japan. The survey included 15 questions and quizzes regarding prior experience of learning the new CPR guidelines in response to COVID‐19, knowledge of conventional CPR, and COVID‐19 context CPR and airway management procedures.ResultsOf all medical students at the university, 457 (57.1%) responded to the survey. Among these, 22% reported that they were knowledgeable about CPR procedure in the COVID‐19 pandemic setting. Prior knowledge of CPR in the context of COVID‐19 was a significant positive predictor of quiz score regarding the CPR procedure (β = 0.60, P < 0.01) and the airway management procedure (β = 0.34, P = 0.02) in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsMedical students with experience learning the new COVID‐19 context CPR guidelines had sufficient knowledge of CPR and advanced airway management procedures in the setting of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Implementation of a formal medical education curriculum based on the newly recommended CPR and advanced life support guidelines is needed to improve medical students’ awareness and skills of CPR and airway management in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Enantioselective Seleno‐Michael Addition Reactions Catalyzed by a Chiral Bifunctional N‐Heterocyclic Carbene with Noncovalent Activation
Authors: Li En , Chen Jiean , Huang Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Michael reaction is a conjugate addition and is one of the most powerful methods with which to prepare functional molecules with a β‐stereogenic center. Despite its success in the formation of various asymmetric carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, enantioselective seleno‐Michael addition remains essentially unexplored. We report here a highly enantioselective Michael addition reaction of alkyl selenols to enones. This method conveniently introduces a Se atom to an electron‐deficient double bond asymmetrically. A chiral bifunctional N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/thiourea catalyst was developed as a key ingredient that delivers chiral β‐seleno ketones with remarkable selectivity. This new catalyst and its mode of action support broad applications in the catalytic activation of nucleophilic reactions.
The behavior of coal slime bursting in early stage combustion and induced pore structure change
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Hanhui , Yang Dawei , Yang Hairui , Zhao Kaixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo conduct an in‐depth analysis of the bursting of coal slime in its early stage of combustion, a high‐speed camera was used to film the bursting process in a horizontal tube furnace. Three different types of coal slime with water contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% under different temperatures of 750°C, 850°C, and 950°C were tested. The behavior of coal slime bursting and the influence of water content and temperature were obtained. It appears that there is a critical water content and a deduced range to determine primary bursting intensity. The bursting intensity index (BII) increases with furnace temperature and water content. So a comprehensive consideration of temperature and water content is crucial for industrial design. To investigate influence induced by the bursting, analysis of the micromorphology and pore structure changes of the coal slime samples before and after bursting at 850°C has been done and shows that the coal slime structure after bursting changes greatly compared with the original state of the coal slime. The calculation results of the fractal dimension show that the pore structure of coal slime after bursting becomes more complicated, and the portion of pores in the coal slime generally increases after bursting.
Preparation of polysiloxane foam with graphene for promoting electromagnetic interference shielding performance and thermal stability
Authors: Sima Haofei , Sui Yanlong , Zhang Chunling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMechanical exfoliation of graphene (MEG) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are fabricated with using graphite and they are used as fillers to improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance and thermal stability of polysiloxane composite foam. Since graphene builds a conductive network in the matrix and at the same time enhances the impedance mismatch between the syntactic foam and the external free space, the total shielding effectiveness (SEtotal) of the composite foam can reach up to 4.74 dB, which is 500% higher than that of pure foam. Moreover, the layered structure of graphene can restrict the small molecules generated during the foam pyrolysis process from leaving the system, and also increases the maximum decomposition temperature of the composite foam (increased from 431.8 to about 500°C), which improves the thermal stability of the foam. These results indicate that the combination of graphene in polysiloxane foams produces composite foams with multifunctional properties, suitable for applications requiring EMI shielding and thermal performance.
Developing extreme heat acclimation in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Jhan Pijush Kanti , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) is a highly invasive cryptic species complex found in the world's tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. It is a severe pest of various crops and a vector of plant pathogenic viruses, particularly geminiviruses. Thermal acclimation of insects is a critical for the survival in unfavorable temperature condition. We observed that great survival rate of B. tabaci MED at the uncontrolled greenhouse which had fluctuating temperature condition (FTC) from 10°C to 60°C in spring and summer season. Our study showed that while B. tabaci MED reared under FTC for 10 weeks from April to June, its survival rate was gradually increased when heat shock was treated 50°C for 0.5 h. In contrast, the same heat shock treatment was lethal in the colony reared under constant temperature condition (CTC) at the controlled insectary. After being acclimated, the lethal temperatures LT50, LT95, and LT100 under CTC were 47.7°C, 50.1°C, and 50.3°C, whereas those under FTC were 59.8°C, 62.7°C, and 63.0°C, respectively. In addition, we observed that the transcript levels of three investigated heat shock protein (HSP) genes (hsp20, hsp70, and hsp90) were lower under FTC than under CTC. This study suggests that B. tabaci MED retains high heat acclimation ability, making it tolerant of extreme thermal conditions.
Effect of fluorescence quenching model on quinoline derivative with cobalt chloride metal ion using steady state and time resolved spectroscopic methods
Authors: Melavanki Raveendra , Kumar Vijaya , Singh Diksha , Dhiman Nishant , Koppal Varsha V. , Patil N. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuinoline derivative, i.e. quinilone yellow with the scientific name [sodium 2‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐dioxo‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl)quinoline‐6,8‐disulphonate] (SQDS) is analysed for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Fluorescence quenching mechanism is studied by employing steady state and transient state spectroscopic measurements. Cobalt chloride is used as quencher in the present study. Linearity was observed in Stern–Volmer plots for transient state as well as steady state. This was further attributed to a mechanism of collisional quenching. Efficiency in fluorescence quenching is observed as there is a correlation between quenching constants of both transient and steady state. A significant energy transfer is reported between metal ions and SQDS molecule, according to FRET theory. Characterization results are studied and analysed. Application in the field of non‐linear optics are predicted for SQDS. With Kurtz and Perry powder technique, SHG (second harmonic generation) efficiency was measured using Q‐switched mode locked Nd:YAG laser emitting 1064 nm the first time with this compound.
Climate change exposure and internal carbon pricing adoption
Authors: Ben‐Amar Walid , Gomes Mathieu , Khursheed Hania , Marsat Sylvain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGovernments and corporations around the world are increasingly pressured to manage climate‐related business risks and reduce their carbon footprint. Consequently, a growing number of corporations have started implementing internal carbon pricing (ICP) programs, assigning a monetary value to their carbon emissions as a mitigation and adaptation mechanism. This paper explores the motives underlying voluntary ICP adoption and examines whether a firm's exposure to climate‐related risks is a relevant driver of ICP adoption. Using a worldwide sample of firms reporting to the Carbon Disclosure Project between 2016 and 2018, we find that firm‐level climate change exposure is significantly and positively related to the likelihood of ICP adoption. More specifically, the probability of adoption is largely linked to regulatory shocks and opportunity exposure. Moreover, we find that board independence acts as a moderator in the climate change exposure–ICP adoption relation. The findings of this study shed light on the factors contributing to the acceleration in ICP implementation in the context of a coordinated effort between public and private sectors to reduce global emissions.
Corporate environmental information disclosure and bank financing: Moderating effect of formal and informal institutions
Authors: Li Qiang , Ruan Wenjuan , Shi Huimin , Xiang Erwei , Zhang Feida (Frank) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of the quality of environmental information disclosure of firms on their bank financing and further examines the moderating effect of formal and informal institutions on this effect using China as a laboratory. We find that the quality of environmental information disclosure is positively (negatively) related to the scale (cost) of bank financing. Furthermore, the formal institution (proxied by the official issuance of the Green Credit Guidelines) strengthens the above relationship. Moreover, the informal institution (proxied by bank connection) weakens the association between the quality of environmental information disclosure and bank financing. Our results are valid after addressing the potential endogeneity between environmental information disclosure and bank financing and remain unchanged in various robustness tests. Our findings affirm the decision usefulness of corporate environmental information disclosure that can be used by companies as an effective strategy for obtaining bank financing and the ethical integrity of borrowers to banks as an important group of capital market participants.
Effect of Jiangan‐Jiangzhi Pill on Gut Microbiota and Chronic Inflammatory Response in Rats with Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Wang Jing , Ren Wei , Bian Yuhong , Wang Yixi , Wang Li , Guo Liying , Lei Jinyan , Jia Jianwei , Miao Jing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with high rates of occurrence. Research has found that NAFLD patients experience varying degrees of intestinal flora imbalance. There is evidence that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) positively regulates imbalances in the gut microbiota caused by liver diseases. Jiangan‐Jiangzhi pill (JGJZ) is a common Chinese remedy that can treat NAFLD clinically. This article investigates how JGJZ affects NAFLD and assesses related changes in the intestinal flora. We established a NAFLD rat model by feeding them a high‐fat diet (HFD) and gave different interventions. After twelve weeks, the results revealed that JGJZ decreased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of NAFLD rats. Histopathological staining demonstrated that JGJZ relieved cellular fat accumulation in the liver. Inflammatory cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α) were down‐regulated. Analysis of 16S rRNA demonstrated that JGJZ changed the community compositional structure of gut microbiota, characterized by a decrease in the Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of dominant groups. Accordingly, our study illustrated that JGJZ exerted a better effect in treating HFD‐induced NAFLD, which may be closely related to ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza viruses: Strategies to cope with coinfection and bioinformatics perspective
Authors: Ghaznavi Habib , Shirvaliloo Milad , Sargazi Saman , Mohammadghasemipour Zahra , Shams Zinat , Hesari Zahra , Shahraki Omolbanin , Nazarlou Ziba , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Shirvalilou Sakine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlmost a century after the devastating pandemic of the Spanish flu, humankind is facing the relatively comparable global outbreak of COVID‐19. COVID‐19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 with an unprecedented transmission pattern. In the face of the recent repercussions of COVID‐19, many have argued that the clinical experience with influenza through the last century may have tremendous implications in the containment of this newly emerged viral disease. During the last 2 years, from the emergence of COVID‐19, tremendous advances have been made in diagnosing and treating coinfections. Several approved vaccines are available now for the primary prevention of COVID‐19 and specific treatments exist to alleviate symptoms. The present review article aims to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A virus coinfection while delivering a bioinformatics‐based insight into this subject matter.
Mitral valve‐in‐valve and valve‐in‐ring procedures: Midterm outcomes in a French nationwide registry
Authors: Le Ruz Robin , Guérin Patrice , Leurent Guillaume , Leroux Lionel , Lefevre Thierry , Nejjari Mohammed , Champagnac Didier , Tchétché Didier , Lhermusier Thibault , Senage Thomas , Piriou Pierre‐Guillaume , Caussin Christophe , Delomez Maxence , Bonnet Guillaume , Favereau Xavier , Karam Nicole , Gerbay Antoine , Juthier Francis , Gilard Martine , Obadia Jean‐Francois , Iung Bernard , Manigold Thibaut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesReport contemporary outcomes in patients included in the Mitragister registry and treated with transcatheter mitral valve implantation for failed surgical annuloplasty rings or deteriorated bioprosthesis.BackgroundMidterm survival rates have been reported, but little is known about contemporary morbimortality endpoints.MethodsThe primary safety outcome was the technical success rate. The primary efficacy composite endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalizations.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2021, 102 patients (median age: 81 [74;84] years, 61% female, Euroscore II 11.0% [7.8;16.0]) undergoing valve‐in‐valve (ViV; n = 89) or valve‐in‐ring (ViR; n = 13) procedures were consecutively included. At baseline, ViR group patients had worse left ventricular ejection fraction (50% vs. 60%; p = 0.004) and more frequently severe regurgitation (46% vs. 15%; p = 0.014). The primary safety outcome was 95%: 77% and 98% in the ViR and ViV populations, respectively, (p = 0.014). At intermediate follow‐up (6–12 months) clinical improvement was notable, 88% of the patients were in NYHA class ≤ II (vs. 25% at baseline; p < 0.001). At a mean follow‐up of 17.1 ± 11.0 months, the primary efficacy composite reached 27%. By multivariate analysis, paravalvular leak (PVL) was the only independent predictor (hazard ratio: 2.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–5.29; p = 0.031) while ViR was not found statistically associated (p = 0.456).ConclusionsThis study confirms the safety and efficacy of the mitral ViV procedure. ViR patients appear at higher risk of procedural complications. The presence of PVL could be associated with markedly worse midterm prognosis. Whatever the intervention, procedural strategies to reduce PVL incidence remain to be assessed to prevent latter adverse outcomes.
Fever of unknown origin as the first presentation of candida vertebral osteomyelitis: A case report
Authors: Farahzadi Athena , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCandida osteomyelitis is a rare disorder; however, its incidence has drastically risen especially during the last 3 decades. Diagnosis is usually delayed due to nonspecific symptoms. Thus, its management would not be performed at the proper time, which leads to increased morbidity. The optimal management of candida osteomyelitis is not clearly defined but most recommendations advise prolonged antifungal therapy in addition to surgery. Here, we report candida osteomyelitis in a patient with a history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma that presented with prolonged FUO as her first presentation. Fortunately, her symptoms completely resolved after prolonged medical therapy despite delay diagnosis due to her unusual presentation. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of candida vertebra osteomyelitis that presents with prolonged FUO as the first presentation.
Fatal epistaxis in a case of common variable immunodeficiency: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Barber Lucy , Jordan Anthony , Douglas Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease. We present a case of a patient with CVID complicated by rhinosinusitis with granulomatous inflammation. Treatment for this patient was challenging with regards recognition of the granulomatous manifestation as well as treatment in the setting immunodeficiency and was ultimately unsuccessful.