bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature CO2 Reduction using Mg–Ga Liquid Metal Interface
Authors: Ye Linlin , Syed Nitu , Wang Dingqi , Guo Jining , Yang Jianing , Buston Joshua , Singh Ranjeet , Alivand Masood S. , Li Gang Kevin , Zavabeti Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe need for effective and adaptive technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation targeting global net‐zero carbon emissions is critically growing. Hence, innovative technologies for CO2 reduction have attracted worldwide interest from scientific research communities. The use of liquid metals for the conversion of CO2 into carbon or solid carbonaceous products has gained increasing attention in recent years due to their high activity and resistance to coking. Here, a facile approach for the reduction of CO2 to solid carbon using liquid Mg at and near room temperature, and atmospheric pressure is presented. In this process, magnesium (Mg) plays a major role in driving the dissociation of CO2 to its elemental constituents, carbon and oxygen. During the reaction process, Mg ions dissolve in gallium (Ga) liquid metal alloy, diffuse to the gas–liquid interface, and reduce CO2 to carbon while undergoing an oxidation reaction. The electrochemical method ensures a sustainable cyclic process by reducing Mg and Ga ions back to their metallic counterpart. The use of liquid metal alloys for CO2 reduction reactions can enable to achieve CO2 capture and storage at room temperature, setting a new foundation for the future exploration of efficient CO2 mitigation issues.
Interface Co‐Assembly Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4@mesoporous Carbon for Efficient Electrochemical Detection of Hg(II) and Pb(II)
Authors: Liu Yuzhi , Wu Shiya , Xiong Wei , Li Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, efficient and porous carbon‐layer‐modified magnetic metal oxides demonstrate potentials for the significant improvement of catalytic and adsorption performance. In this study, a novel magnetic coreshell Fe3O4@mesoporous carbon (Fe3O4@MPC) nanochain electrochemical sensor is constructed by using resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin and magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres as the carbon shell precursor and core, respectively, with a simple emulsion self‐assembly strategy. Microstructural characterizations revealed that the carbon shell exhibited a mesopore distribution of ≈40 nm and the diameter of Fe3O4 nanospheres embedded into carbon is ≈280 nm. The introduction of mesoporous carbon layer increased the electrical conductivity of the active material and maintained the adsorption properties of magnetic Fe3O4. The synergistic effect of the mesoporous carbon layer and Fe3O4 nanochain is beneficial to electrochemically detect heavy metal ions (HMIs). Under optimal conditions, the typical Fe3O4@MPC‐2/GCE exhibited excellent electrochemical sensing for detecting Hg(II) and Pb(II), with limits of detection (LOD) of 7.8 nm and 12.1 nm (S/N = 3), respectively. These good results are attributed to the Fe3O4@MPC nanochain structure and a relatively high specific surface area. This study provides a novel method to prepare magnetic mesoporous carbon nanochain composites for constructing sensitive electrochemical sensors to monitor water quality.
Revealing the Substrate Dependent Ultrafast Phonon Dynamics in Bi2Se3 Thin Films
Authors: Saini Saurabh K. , Tailor Naveen Kumar , Sharma Prince , Tyagi Lavi , Vashistha Nikita , Yadav Rimjhim , Chaudhary Amit Kumar , Satapathi Soumitra , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe bulk carrier excitation influences the phonon dynamics, which can alter and modulate the surface charge density of topological insulators such as bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3). This work investigates the charge carrier and phonon dynamics in Bi2Se3 grown on various substrates. The orientation of the substrate, the size of the crystallites, and the misfit of the lattice affect the carrier and phonon dynamics. Bi2Se3 thin films are grown under the same growth conditions on SiO2, Si(111), and SiN. Bi2Se3 overlayers exhibit substrate‐dependent charge carrier relaxation channels and phonon dynamics. It is evident from Raman spectroscopy and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy that the heterointerface interactions of all three samples affect the vibration modes of Bi2Se3 and coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in the NIR range. At 13.6, 41.2, and 34.4 GHz, the vibration modes of SiO2, Si(111), and SiN are equivalent. The propagation depth of phonon waves is shown by measuring the speed of sound in Bi2Se3 overlayers on SiO2, Si(111), and SiN. This study demonstrates that the surface and bulk‐bound charge carriers of a topological insulator determine the frequency and velocity of the generated sound.
Dielectric Study of Cost‐Effective, Eco‐Friendly PVA‐Glycerol Matrices with AgNW Electrodes for Transparent Flexible Humidity Sensors
Authors: Gassab Marwa , Papanastasiou Dorina T. , Sylvestre Alain , Bellet Daniel , Dridi Chérif , Basrour Skandar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, a deep insight is given into the dielectric properties and the humidity response of flexible polymer matrices, composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol (Gly), using silver nanowire networks as transparent electrodes (AgNW TE). These electrodes, known for their high electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and excellent flexibility, are deposited here by open‐air, scalable spray coating technique. Analysis of the dielectric constant ε′ and loss tangent tanδ according to the density of the AgNWs shows that the latter do not cover the entire surface with PVA and induces an interfacial polarization effect. Wide frequency range of impedance spectroscopy (1 Hz to 1 MHz) on both, PVA‐Gly samples with AgNW TE (4 Ω sq−1) networks electrodes and sputtered silver electrodes (Ag bulk el), reveal no significant change in ε′ and tanδ. Finally, the humidity sensing properties of PVA‐Gly exhibit good response between 20% to 90% humidity range and low hysteresis. This is related to the non‐continuous structure of AgNW TE. At 100 Hz, the PVA‐10 wt% Gly presents high sensitivity of 0.08 nF/% RH with an hysteresis value of about 1.5% at 70% RH. These results indicate that AgNW networks show great potential for integration in transparent and flexible humidity sensors.
Multi‐Purpose Auxetic Foam with Honeycomb Concave Micropattern for Sound and Shock Energy Absorbers
Authors: Kim Ji‐Seok , Mahato Manmatha , Oh Jung‐Hwan , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPorous materials have been widely used for passive energy absorption in various applications including aerospace systems, automotive vehicles, and electronic products, due to high energy dissipation and sound absorbing mechanism in a wide frequency band. However, most porous materials have a critical problem in poor mechanical properties that inhibit their application to shock absorbing structures. Herein, a multi‐purpose auxetic structure is reported that has a highly ordered honeycomb concave micropattern on the surface of the auxetic foam through non‐solvent induced phase separation. Most importantly, the dimensions of the concave micropatterns can be easily controlled depending on the non‐solvent ratio. The energy absorption performance and mechanical strength are significantly enhanced by adopting concave micropatterns on the curved surface in the auxetic foam. The superior energy absorption performances of the multi‐dimensional auxetic foam are improved by 37.5% in view of an average sound absorption coefficient, and the improved mechanical properties are verified by systematically investigating porous properties such as tortuosity, porosity, apparent density, and total pore area. In addition, the proposed multi‐purpose auxetic foam exhibits a remarkably improved shock energy dissipation capacity, which reduces impact force by 34% compared with that of bare polyurethane foam in a low‐velocity impact test.
Multiscale Engineering of Sustainable and Versatile All‐Fiber Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Multifunctional Fibrous Materials and 3D Woven Architecture
Authors: Tian Xiao , Hua Tao , Yang Mengyan , Niu Ben , Yang Yiyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the development of energy‐harvesting fabrics, woven structured textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (T‐TENGs) are widely proposed. However, most T‐TENGs with woven structures consist of one material, which greatly limits the functionality of T‐TENGs. This work focuses on structural design and rational material configuration to realize versatility of woven‐structured T‐TENG by a green, eco‐friendly, scalable production method. A 3D triboelectric nanogenerator fabric (3D SP‐FTENG) is proposed, which performs excellent electrical output (27.33 V, 1.76 µA, and 61.6 mW m−2) and wearability (directional water transport and breathability) as well as antibacterial activity. Moreover, in contrast to the previously reported multilayer T‐TENGs which are constructed by directly stacking multilayer functional fabrics together, the fabric interface of this new structure fabricated by weaving the support area and the functional area together is not easily delaminated. The 3D SP‐FTENG demonstrates outstanding durability (machine washability and ultrahigh abrasion resistance). In addition, the SP‐FTENG is able to drive wearable electronics and be used as a self‐powered sensor, such as constantly monitoring the movement signals of human body. This study presents a novel and sustainable strategy for the development of eco‐friendly multifunctional T‐TENGs.
3D Structural Electronics Via Multi‐Directional Robot 3D Printing
Authors: Bao Chao , Moeinnia Hadi , Kim Tae‐Ho , Lee Wonchul , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMulti‐material 3D printing is an innovative technology that sparks a revolution in combined structural 3D printing with different functional materials. However, current multi‐material printing systems work alone and cannot take full advantage of each printing, and the limited freedom of existing 3D printers confines diversity of structural designs. Here, a double‐arm robotic 3D printing system combined with paste‐based direct ink writing (DIW) and filament‐based fused filament fabrication (FFF) is reported as a new fabrication solution for customized 3D structural electronics. Collaboration between two robot arms brings about a spontaneous sintering effect of metal nano‐particles (minimum resistance = 14.5 Ω per 10 mm) by addition of the following extruded layer through FFF for the fabrication of embedded sensors, which reduces the post‐processing steps and saves energy for sintering compared with the conventional parallel multi‐material 3D printing processes. The extra freedom of motions from two robot‐arm 3D printing enables multi‐directional curvilinear printing for 3D structural electronics, such as a double‐helix‐shaped embedded sensor. In addition, precise robot motion enables the electrical registration and vertical integration of multi‐layered printed circuit boards. Establishment of new double‐robot 3D printing system expands design freedom and realization of 3D structural electronics.
High‐Permittivity Polysiloxanes for Solvent‐Free Fabrication of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: von Szczepanski Johannes , Opris Dorina M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are a class of soft transducers with broad potential applications in soft robotics. DEAs consist of two stretchable electrodes on a dielectric elastomer, which deform and generate force when charged. The generated force is increased by placing many DEAs on top of one another to form a stack actuator. Next‐generation stack actuators require high permittivity inks that are solvent‐free processable and cross‐linkable into thin elastic films. Here, a process toward elastomers with tuneable permittivity that can be prepared solvent‐free is reported. Polycondensation of chlorosilanes yields polymers with vinyl end‐groups and cross‐linkers with multiple hydrosilane groups that both carry polar chloromethyl groups. Their dielectric permittivity and mechanical properties are tuned by changing the polar group content and the molar mass of the vinyl‐terminated polymer, respectively. Solvent‐free doctor blading provides thin films, which are cross‐linked by heating. DEAs prepared from the films reach a lateral actuation of promising 4.6% at a low electric field of 11.2 V µm‐1 and can be operated at frequencies up to 5 Hz. The high‐permittivity polymer ink is used in a solvent‐free layer‐by‐layer stack actuator fabrication, which yields an actuator with three active layers that gives a thickness strain of 1.0% at 12.4 V µm‐1.
Enhancing Luminescence Efficiency by Controlled Island Formation of CsPbBr3 Perovskite
Authors: Antrack Tobias , Kroll Martin , Merten Lena , Albaladejo‐Siguan Miguel , Hinderhofer Alexander , Konovalov Oleg V. , Jankowski Maciej , Benduhn Johannes , Schreiber Frank , Vaynzof Yana , Leo Karl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCsPbBr3 is an inorganic perovskite material that is promising for light‐emitting applications. Such applications are known to benefit from an island‐type active layer structure, which enhances the device's light emission efficiency. Here, the impact of the environment on the island formation in thermally deposited bilayers of CsPbBr3/LiBr is investigated. It is demonstrated that the island formation occurs only in humid environments, leading to an enhancement of the photoluminescence quantum yield by a factor of 350. Time‐resolved grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments document the island growth process and reveal that the LiBr has already changed the perovskite crystal orientation prior to the island formation.
Dual Promotion of Phosphorus Groups for Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence with High Efficiency
Authors: Zhou Yuanlin , Qu Lunjun , Yi Shuang , Wang Chang , Chen Xiaohong , Tang Shiman , Tang Hailong , Li Youbing , Wang Kaiti , Zhao Yanli , Yang Chaolong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn wide attention due to their dynamic phosphorescence performance under ambient conditions. However, most of the pure organic RTP materials show low phosphorescence efficiency and short lifetime because of their weak spin–orbit coupling and fast nonradiative decay process. Introducing halogen heavy atoms can effectively improve the efficiency, while the lifetime would be shortened obviously. Thus, there is still a great challenge especially for developing halogen heavy atom free organic RTP materials, with simultaneously enhanced phosphorescence efficiency and lifetime. Herein, it is demonstrated that triphenylphosphine group possesses a strong n‐electron donating character and adopts a rigid tetrahedral configuration, which are in favor of accelerating intersystem crossing process and suppressing the nonradiative decay process, respectively. Benefited from the dual promotion of triphenylphosphine group, the obtained compound named CzPhP shows a decent phosphorescence efficiency of 14.36% and a prolonged lifetime of 340 ms. Another three pentavalent phosphine‐bearing analogs synthesized, i.e., CzPhPO, CzPhPS, and CzPhPSe, also present different conformational aggregations and good RTP performance. The diversity of the RTP performance of these compounds affords a potential application in anticounterfeiting and data encryption.
High Photoresponsivity and Response Speed of Visible‐Light Photodetectors Based on Tin Disulfide/Indium‐Doped Tin Disulfide Homostructures
Authors: Liu Zhe , Jia Xiyu , Duan Weishuai , Zhu Xinfa , He Biao , Sun Chun , Wang Mengjun , Li Erping , Fan Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTin disulfide (SnS2) is an emerging 2D‐layered metal dichalcogenide with promising application potential for highly sensitive and fast‐response‐speed photodetectors. However, SnS2‐based photodetectors still have drawbacks that limit their practical and commercial applications. Herein, an effective route is proposed for constructing SnS2/indium‐doped SnS2 homostructures to improve photodetector performance. Vertical SnS2/Sn0.991In0.009S2 homostructures and photodetectors based on these homostructures were fabricated via a polydimethylsiloxane‐assisted dry‐transfer method. The photodetectors exhibit excellent performance, including a high photoresponsivity of up to 271.7 A W−1, high normalized detectivity of up to 2.13 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and fast response time of ≈10 ms. The pseudo‐built‐in electrical field of the SnS2/Sn0.991In0.009S2 homostructure results in the superior performance of the photodetectors based on this material compared to that based on individual SnS2 and Sn0.991In0.009S2 thin layers, most 2D materials, and commercial photodetectors (e.g., THORLABS FD11A Si, and FGA01 InGaAs). This study provides a facile and effective approach to enhance the performance of SnS2‐based photodetectors and paves the way for future applications of photodetectors based on SnS2 and other 2D materials.
PMMA Optical Diffusers with Hierarchical Surface Structures Imprinted by Hot Embossing of Laser‐Textured Stainless Steel
Authors: Bouchard Felix , Soldera Marcos , Lasagni Andrés Fabián 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasingly compact and powerful light emitting diodes require the development of efficient optical diffusers to manage their lighting capability according to the required application. In this study, a cost‐effective strategy is demonstrated for fabricating micro‐structured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) diffusers for white light sources. By combining different laser‐based processes, namely direct laser engraving (DLE), direct laser writing (DLW), and direct laser interference patterning (DLIP), periodic patterns are fabricated in stainless steel surfaces with line‐ and dot‐like geometries with feature sizes ranging from 1.7 to 900 µm. The fabricated hierarchical geometries are transferred to PMMA surfaces by plate‐to‐plate hot embossing. The relationship between the surface topography and the white light scattering behavior is investigated by confocal and scanning electron microscopy combined with photospectroscopy and image processing of photographs. The triple‐scaled hierarchical structures can increase the haze up to 76% in the visible spectrum, while keeping the total transmittance over 90%, as the flat surface.
LiNaB6O9F2: A Promising UV NLO Crystal Having Fluorine‐Directed Optimal Performances and Double Interpenetrating 3[B6O9F2]∞ Networks
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Chen Zilong , Li Fuming , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA long‐lasting challenge in ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials design is to combine conflicting and harsh properties into one structure, including wide UV transparency, strong NLO efficiency, and moderate birefringence to realize phase‐matching at short wavelength. A fluorine‐directed material design strategy is adopted to accelerate the process of finding NLO materials with optimal performances. In this work, taking LiB3O5 (LBO) as a maternal structure, one O atom with two F atoms is substituted and LiNaB6O9F2 which possesses novel double interpenetrating 3[B6O9F2]∞ networks and fluorine‐directed optimal performances including enhanced birefringence and phase‐matching capacity is successfully obtained. The perfect balance among deep‐UV cutoff edge, large second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (1.1 × KDP), and moderate birefringence (0.067 at 1064 nm) of LiNaB6O9F2 makes it a promising UV NLO crystal.
Hydrogen‐Assisted Synthesis of Large‐Size 2D Bismuth Telluride Flakes for Broadband Photodetection up to 2 µm
Authors: Zhao Tiange , Zhong Fang , Wang Shicheng , Wang Yingke , Xu Tengfei , Chen Yue , Yu Yiye , Guo Jiaxiang , Wang Zhen , Yu Jiancan , Gao Pingqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBroadband photodetection including optical communication wavelength band is of great significance because of the great potential for various civilian and military applications. Topological insulators with unique surface electronic states have attracted more and more attention in broadband photodetection. Among them, due to its suitable band gap (0.16–1.36 eV), ultra‐high mobility, and excellent air stability, 2D bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is regarded as a promising candidate. However, the growth of large‐size Bi2Te3 is challenging because of the poor chemical reactivity of tellurium (Te) element. Here, large‐scale (240 µm, ten times larger than the current record) Bi2Te3 flakes with controllable thickness (one to few layers) are successfully synthesized by H2‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. Thanks to the strong reducibility and the passivation on the substrate of H2, the growth rate is as high as 48 µm min−1, which is ten times faster than that reported. Moreover, the Bi2Te3‐photodetector exhibits broadband detection (520–2000 nm), high responsivity of 252 A W−1, excellent detectivity of 5.1 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and fast response time (τrise/τdecay ≈ 41/38 ms), implying potential applications in broadband optoelectronics. More importantly, this work may pave a way for the rapid growth of other novel large‐scale 2D materials.
Mn5+ Lifetime‐Based Thermal Imaging in the Optical Transparency Windows Through Skin‐Mimicking Tissue Phantom
Authors: Piotrowski Wojciech M. , Marin Riccardo , Szymczak Maja , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Ortgies Dirk H. , Rodríguez‐Sevilla Paloma , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Jaque Daniel , Marciniak Lukasz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLifetime‐based luminescence thermometry has been shown to enable accurate deep‐tissue monitoring of temperature changes – even at the in vivo level – in a minimally invasive way. However, major limiting factors to the performance of this approach are short lifetimes and poor brightness. These are characteristics, respectively, of semiconductor nanocrystals and lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles, of which most luminescent nanothermometers are made. To address these limitations, the composition of luminescent nanothermometers co‐doped with transition metal (Mn5+) and Er3+ ions are designed and optimized. The salient features of these nanothermometers are strong, near‐infrared emission and long, temperature‐dependent photoluminescence lifetime. The potential of these luminescent nanophosphors for thermal sensing is then showcased by monitoring a thermal gradient using a one‐of‐a‐kind piece of equipment designed for lifetime‐based luminescence thermometry measurements. The combination of the newly developed nanothermometers and the custom‐made instrument allows for obtaining 2D thermal maps both in the absence and presence of tissue phantoms mimicking the optical properties of the skin. The results presented in this study thus provide credible foundations for the deployment of lifetime‐based thermometry for accurate deep‐tissue thermal mapping at the preclinical level.
Divergent Neural Activity in the VLPO During Anesthesia and Sleep
Authors: Luo Mengqiang , Fei Xiang , Liu Xiaotong , Jin Zikang , Wang Yingwei , Xu Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe invention of general anesthesia (GA) represents a significant advance in modern clinical practices. However, the exact mechanisms of GA are not entirely understood. Because of the multitude of similarities between GA and sleep, one intriguing hypothesis is that anesthesia may engage the sleep‐wake regulation circuits. Here, using fiber photometry and micro‐endoscopic imaging of Ca2+ signals at both population and single‐cell levels, it investigates how various anesthetics modulate the neural activity in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (vLPO), a brain region essential for the initiation of sleep. It is found that different anesthetics primarily induced suppression of neural activity and tended to recruit a similar group of vLPO neurons; however, each anesthetic caused comparable modulations of both wake‐active and sleep‐active neurons. These results demonstrate that anesthesia creates a different state of neural activity in the vLPO than during natural sleep, suggesting that anesthesia may not engage the same vLPO circuits for sleep generation.