bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroweak physics at LHCb
Authors: Zuliani Davide 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Electroweak (EW) Theory is one of the most important and well-known pillars of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Possible signs of New Physics could appear in the EW sector, therefore requiring the SM to be extended. EW physics can be probed at the LHCb experiment, which is a general purpose forward detector that offers unique opportunities to do studies in the forward region. Its excellent vertex and track reconstruction system allows to perform several measurements of perturbative QCD physics in a region unexplored by other experiments. In this paper the latest EW physics analyses performed at LHCb studying pp collisions during Run 1 and Run 2 are presented.
Is the ‘water tower’ reassuring? Viewing water security of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the perspective of ecosystem services ‘supply-flow-demand’
Authors: Liu Jingya , Qin Keyu , Xie Gaodi , Xiao Yu , Huang Mengdong , Gan Shuang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ecosystem service flow plays a vital role in the formation, transportation, transformation, and maintenance of ecosystem services. For ecosystem services with spatiotemporal mismatch of supply and demand, ecosystem service flow explains the integrated process of ‘supply-flow-demand’ of ecosystem services. The present study evaluates the supply and demand of ecosystem water provision services in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and simulates the spatial flow pattern and transmission mechanism of water provision services. Additionally, the study establishes dynamic and static water security indices and identify water security level to quantify the water resources security of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the changing ecological environment. The research shows: (a) the annual total water surplus were 6.71 × 1011 m3, 8.43 × 1011 m3, 7.86 × 1011 m3 and 2.91 × 1011 m3. The supply–demand relationship of water provisioning service in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shows an obvious oversupply condition; (b) The water security level of the plateau is high (level V and level IV), indicating that the water security status of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau is under good condition, however, the area with low-security levels (Level I and Level II) is increasing. (c) From the perspective of ‘supply-demand-flow’ of ecosystem services, although the function of the water tower on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has declined, it remained safe condition on the whole study area. The method of establishing spatial correlation between mismatched supply and demand of ecosystem services and evaluating regional water security based on ecosystem service flow constructed in this study presents the water security status and spatial distribution of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau more scientifically, providing a reference for water resource management in other regions.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 9: Integrability of amplitudes in fishnet theories
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Korchemsky Gregory P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss the properties of scattering amplitudes in a conformal bi-scalar fishnet theory that previously appeared in the study of integrable deformations of

N
=
4

SYM. In distinction with the latter theory, the scattering amplitudes in the conformal fishnet theory do not suffer from infrared divergences and possess enhanced symmetries. We demonstrate that for the simplest four-particle scattering the single- and double-trace partial amplitudes can be computed for arbitrary coupling in the leading color approximation. We also review the invariance of single-trace components of multi-particle fishnet amplitudes in the planar limit under infinite-dimensional Yangian symmetry.
Possible future movement of the Hu line based on IPCC CMIP6 scenarios
Authors: Zheng Shijun , Pan Yuhao , Yu Le , Liu Shengwei , Peng Dailiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whether the Hu line will move into west China is a serious issue that has implications for socioeconomic development, human geography and the environment. Based on the data related to four different levels of radiative forcing detailed in CMIP6, in this study, we analyzed the trends in precipitation and NPP (net primary productivity) on both sides of the Hu line and the ‘Central Spine of Beautiful China’ and calculated how far the 400 mm iso-precipitation line and the equivalent NPP line will shift westward to explore the possibility of Hu line movement. The results show that, under all four scenarios, both the precipitation and NPP on the west side of the Hu line will increase significantly. The central spine could help to connect the eastern and western parts of the China and reduce the development imbalance between them. The 400 mm iso-precipitation line and the equivalent NPP line will move westward significantly by 2100 (Average moving distance more than 150 km for precipitation and 300 km for NPP) and lie across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; the increases in precipitation and NPP within the ‘Central Spine of Beautiful China’ will be greater than those in the west of China. In addition, using population data under four SSPs, we also analyzed the population distribution changes based on Hu line under the influence of futural socioeconomic developments. All these results demonstrate that there will be a possibility of the Hu line moving into west China in the future.
Parent Communication and Decision Making About Firearm Storage
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Kesner Todd , Steiner Mary Kathleen , Rivara Frederick P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Many youths in the United States have access to an unlocked firearm in their home, and accidental discharge of unlocked firearms is a prevalent cause of pediatric injury and death. Discussions between adult family members have the potential to positively influence firearm storage practices.

Purpose
In families with two parenting adults, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) firearms will be more likely to be stored locked and unloaded when both parties are involved in the storage decision, and (2) both parties will be more likely to be involved in the storage decision when they have better relationship functioning and less avoidant communication.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey using a stratified random sample of an area probability- and address-based panel. Participants were 749 adults aged 18–64 living in the United States with firearms and children in their households.

Results
Overall, 62% of families stored guns locked and unloaded and in 55% both parenting adults were highly involved in storage-related decision making. Families where both parties were highly involved in these decisions had 1.65 times the odds of storing firearms safely (95% CI = 1.21–2.27). Odds of both being highly involved in these decisions were much lower in partnerships with more avoidant communication (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.08–0.32) and higher in partnerships with more relationship satisfaction (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05–1.12).

Conclusions
Safe storage is most likely when both parenting adults are involved in the storage decision. Further research is needed to determine how to support productive within-family communication and decision making about this issue.
Making Disappearance Visible
Authors: Ramos Marco Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Across the global South during the Cold War, US-sponsored regimes “disappeared” thousands of people through imprisonment, murder, and torture to stem the tide of Communism. This essay turns to disappearance as a case study for opening up a new direction in the historical study of violence. Rather than focusing on what violence did in the past—its causes and consequences—I present an ontological method for analyzing the reality of terror, for tackling the question of what violence was. In the 1970s, the reality of disappearance shifted across time and place, emerging as a human rights violation in Europe, then as a biomedical syndrome, and finally as a “haunting” in Argentina. These multiple realities were constituted through material practices along postcolonial networks, from forensic analysis of gravesites to psychological work with survivors. This essay traces how these practices fixed the reality of disappearance—the kind of “thing” it was—which determined the meaning of justice in the wake of terror. Ontology raises pressing questions about how violence's reality gets made today and who has the right to speak for victims, like the disappeared, who cannot speak for themselves.
A Capitol Orchard
Authors: Thornton Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the ethnic Japanese (wajin) population of Hokkaido ballooned from roughly sixty thousand residents, primarily living on the island’s southern tip, to more than two million people, scattered across the island. This explosive colonization was part of a global wave of settler colonialism. The wajin colonial regime and the foreign advisers they hired helped turn indigenous Ainu territory into Japan’s first modern colony and one of its most important agricultural breadbaskets, resembling the so-called Neo-Europes of the Anglophone settler world. Hokkaido’s history fits into the framework of ecological imperialism developed by Alfred Crosby and expanded by many scholars since. But the role of city building in processes of ecological imperialism remains understudied. Scholars who do discuss urbanization in the context of ecological imperialism focus on cities’ roles as markets, downplaying their importance as sites of state power and political interventions. In Hokkaido, however, the politics and policies of city building were crucial tools of Japanese ecological imperialism. Colonial authorities built Hokkaido’s capital, Sapporo, as a colonial laboratory, importing ideas from Japan and abroad, recording their experiences in Hokkaido, and ultimately exporting that knowledge to Japan’s later colonies in East Asia.
The Algorithm
Authors: Guldi Jo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Can statistics help historians to identify the events that are most distinctive of a particular era of time? This essay explores the use of a distinctiveness algorithm from library science for measuring the distinctiveness of manuscripts, tf-idf, recast as "tf-ipf" for the study of the terms most distinctive of historical periods. In a case study, tf-ipf is applied to the text of Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, varying the "period" from a 20-year horizon to a 6-month or one-day horizon. It is shown that the algorithm's assessments of what is most distinctive of 20-year and 10-year periods largely matches the consensus of British historians, while debates that held parliament's attention for six months or fewer have largely fallen beneath the threshold of scholarly attention. Attending to concerns that took up parliamentary debate for six months or fewer, the essay argues that tf-ipf thus presents a metric of parliamentary attention that mirrors the exclusions of class, allowing scholars to retrieve a timeline of when the concerns of the distillers, bleachers, dyers, Chartists, crofters, and miners reached a national debate. More generally, tf-ipf represents an important new tool for discovering the distinctive aspects of historical periods based on past experience, not historical bias.
Pathologic Image Classification of Flat Urothelial Lesions Using Pathologic Criteria-Based Deep Learning
Authors: Nishikawa Toui , Iwamoto Ryuta , Matsuzaki Ibu , Musangile Fidele Yambayamba , Takahashi Ayata , Mikasa Yurina , Takahashi Yuichi , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Murata Shin-ichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Pathologic diagnosis of flat urothelial lesions is subject to high interobserver variability. We expected that deep learning could improve the accuracy and consistency of such pathologic diagnosis, although the learning process is a black box. We therefore propose a new approach for pathologic image classification incorporating the diagnostic process of the pathologist into a deep learning method.

Methods
A total of 267 H&E-stained slides of normal urothelium and urothelial lesions from 127 cases were examined. Six independent convolutional neural networks were trained to classify pathologic images according to six pathologic criteria. We then used these networks in the main training for the final diagnosis.

Results
Compared with conventional manual analysis, our method significantly improved the classification accuracy of images of flat urothelial lesions. The automated classification showed almost perfect agreement (weighted κ = 0.98) with the consensus reading. In addition, our approach provides the advantages of reliable diagnosis corresponding to histologic interpretation.

Conclusions
We used deep learning to establish an automated subtype classifier for flat urothelial lesions that successfully combines traditional morphologic approaches and complex deep learning to achieve a learning mechanism that seems plausible to the pathologist.
Ways to Inhabit the Deliberative-Aspirational Point of View: Practical Reason and Objective Goods
Authors: Rodriguez-Blanco Veronica 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In “Practical Reason’s Foundations” John Finnis expands and refines his view on the relationship between objective goods and practical reason. In this paper Finnis rejects the Humean conception which denies the possibility of practical reason, or at least presents an emaciated version of it. For Hume, desires just happen to us and there is no interaction between desires and beliefs. The Humean and neo-Humean positions, Finnis rightly tells us, have a powerful influence on how we understand practical reason, including our interpretation of Aristotle’s conception of practical reason. I will call this the “bifurcation” thesis. Following Finnis’s conception of practical reason and his rejection of a bifurcation between reasons and desires, and between intellectual virtues and virtues of character, I advance an Aristotelian-inspired model of deliberation and practical reason that is narrow and immersed. It recognizes the difficulty of understanding the Aristotelian analogies of practical reason as if it were both a craft and theoretical reasoning to illuminate and demonstrate the existence of practical reason. However, I also argue that this narrow or immersed model is in continuity with a deliberative-aspirational perspective that we are able to inhabit. We explain how reflection without losing immersion is possible and explain how we can move in the direction of practical reason that guides actions and makes possible the realization of objective goods in our lives.
Maladaptive Emotion Socialization as a Risk Factor for the Development of Negative Urgency and Subsequent Problem Drinking
Authors: Atkinson Emily A , Miller Leo A , Smith Gregory T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Negative urgency, which refers to the tendency to act rashly when experiencing intense negative emotions, consistently serves as a robust predictor of problem drinking and other maladaptive behaviors. However, very little is known about the factors that influence the development of negative urgency itself. Although urgency theory suggests that environment and temperament interact to increase risk for the development of urgency, few studies, to date, have examined environmental risk for urgency.

Method
In a cross-sectional sample of 518 adults recruited from Amazon Mturk, the current study began the investigation of the role of childhood maladaptive emotion socialization (MES) in risk for negative urgency and the possibility that negative urgency mediates the relationship between MES and problem drinking via self-report measures completed online. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results
Individual differences in childhood MES, reported retrospectively, did predict increased present-day negative urgency. In addition, results were consistent with the possibility that negative urgency mediates the relationship between MES and problem drinking when considered concurrently with trait negative affect.

Conclusions
Successful identification of early environmental predictors of negative urgency may provide useful targets for intervention efforts aimed at reducing or preventing the development of negative urgency and, subsequently, problem drinking. Further longitudinal investigations are needed to better examine these processes as they develop.
Above- and below-ground plant traits are not consistent in response to drought and competition treatments
Authors: Asefa Mengesha , Worthy Samantha J , Cao Min , Song Xiaoyang , Lozano Yudi M , Yang Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOur understanding of plant responses to biotic and abiotic drivers is largely based on above-ground plant traits, with little focus on below-ground traits despite their key role in water and nutrient uptake. Here, we aimed to understand the extent to which above- and below-ground traits are co-ordinated, and how these traits respond to soil moisture gradients and plant intraspecific competition.MethodsWe chose seedlings of five tropical tree species and grew them in a greenhouse for 16 weeks under a soil moisture gradient [low (drought), medium and high (well-watered) moisture levels] with and without intraspecific competition. At harvest, we measured nine above- and five below-ground traits of all seedlings based on standard protocols.Key ResultsIn response to the soil moisture gradient, above-ground traits are found to be consistent with the leaf economics spectrum, whereas below-ground traits are inconsistent with the root economics spectrum. We found high specific leaf area and total leaf area in well-watered conditions, while high leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness and stem dry matter content were observed in drought conditions. However, below-ground traits showed contrasting patterns, with high specific root length but low root branching index in the low water treatment. The correlations between above- and below-ground traits across the soil moisture gradient were variable, i.e. specific leaf area was positively correlated with specific root length, while it was negatively correlated with root average diameter across moisture levels. However, leaf dry matter content was unexpectedly positively correlated with both specific root length and root branching index. Intraspecific competition has influenced both above- and below-ground traits, but interacted with soil moisture to affect only below-ground traits. Consistent with functional equilibrium theory, more biomass was allocated to roots under drought conditions, and to leaves under sufficient soil moisture conditions.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the response of below-ground traits to plant intraspecific competition and soil moisture conditions may not be inferred using above-ground traits, suggesting that multiple resource use axes are needed to understand plant ecological strategies. Lack of consistent leaf–root trait correlations across the soil moisture gradient highlight the multidimensionality of plant trait relationships which needs more exploration.
XIV—Partiality, Deference, and Engagement
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The partiality we display, in so far as we form and sustain personal attachments, is not normatively fundamental. It is a by-product of the deference and responsiveness that are essential to our engagement with the world. We cannot form and sustain valuable personal relationships without seeing ourselves as answerable to the other participants in those relationships. And we cannot develop and sustain valuable projects without responding to the constraints imposed on our activities by the nature and requirements of those projects themselves. More generally, we cannot engage with the world without responding differentially—or displaying partiality—with respect to the objects of our engagement. Partiality is thus a by-product of engagement. We cannot engage with the world at all without exhibiting forms of partiality.
Predicting cross-tissue hormone–gene relations using balanced word embeddings
Authors: Jadhav Aditya , Kumar Tarun , Raghavendra Mohit , Loganathan Tamizhini , Narayanan Manikandan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationInter-organ/inter-tissue communication is central to multi-cellular organisms including humans, and mapping inter-tissue interactions can advance system-level whole-body modeling efforts. Large volumes of biomedical literature have fostered studies that map within-tissue or tissue-agnostic interactions, but literature-mining studies that infer inter-tissue relations, such as between hormones and genes are solely missing.ResultsWe present a first study to predict from biomedical literature the hormone–gene associations mediating inter-tissue signaling in the human body. Our BioEmbedS* models use neural network-based Biomedical word Embeddings with a Support Vector Machine classifier to predict if a hormone–gene pair is associated or not, and whether an associated gene is involved in the hormone’s production or response. Model training relies on our unified dataset Hormone-Gene version 1 of ground-truth associations between genes and endocrine hormones, which we compiled and carefully balanced in the embedded space to handle data disparities, such as between poorly- versus well-studied hormones. Our BioEmbedS model recapitulates known gene mediators of tissue–tissue signaling with 70.4% accuracy; predicts novel inter-tissue communication genes in humans, which are enriched for hormone-related disorders; and generalizes well to mouse, thereby holding promise for its extension to other multi-cellular organisms as well.Availability and implementationFreely available at https://cross-tissue-signaling.herokuapp.com are our model predictions & datasets; https://github.com/BIRDSgroup/BioEmbedS has all relevant code.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Maiden voyage: induced pluripotent stem cell-based drug screening for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Morimoto Satoru , Takahashi Shinichi , Okada Kensuke , Nakahara Jin , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, neurodegenerative disease phenotypes have been recapitulated and their pathogenesis analysed leading to significant progress in drug screening. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, high-throughput screening using induced pluripotent stem cells-derived motor neurons has identified candidate drugs. Owing to induced pluripotent stem cell-based drug evaluation/screening, three compounds, retigabine, ropinirole and bosutinib, have progressed to clinical trials. Retigabine blocks hyperexcitability and improves survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient-derived motor neurons. In a randomized clinical trial (n = 65), treatment with retigabine reduced neuronal excitability after 8 weeks. Ropinirole, identified in a high-throughput screening, attenuates pathological phenotypes in patient-derived motor neurons. In a trial limited by a small sample size (n = 20), ropinirole was tolerable and had clinical benefits on function and survival. A phase 1 study of bosutinib has reported safety and tolerability for 12 weeks. Thus, these clinical trials show safety and positive effects and confirm the reliability of stem cell-based drug discovery. This novel strategy leads to reduced costs and time when compared to animal testing and opens new avenues for therapy in intractable diseases.