bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent software defined networking: Long short term memory‐graded rated unit enabled block‐attack model to tackle distributed denial of service attacks
Authors: Jagtap Monica Murlidhar , Saravanan Renuka Devi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoftware defined networking (SDN) is the next‐generation network. SDN enhances the programming flexibility, speed and automation to improve the network's performance. In recent times SDN has played a vital role in networking technology. It communicates with underlying hardware infrastructure and directs traffic on a network. The most complicated issue in SDN is the control plane's single point of failure (SPF). The main reason for raising the SPF problem in SDN by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The network collapses during failures in SDN, and the control plane is considered a management controller. Therefore, a novel intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) is proposed in the proposed approach to address SDN's problems mentioned above. In the proposed approach, a long short term memory (LSTM) and graded rated unit (GRU) deep learning model is proposed as the “Block‐Attack” model. The main objective of using LSTM and GRU in the proposed approach is to enhance the rate of accuracy in detecting DDoS attacks in an SDN environment. The CICDDoS2019 dataset is used for experimental result analysis in the proposed approach. Initially, the dataset is fed into the preprocessing stage. Using the K‐medoid technique, raw datasets are preprocessed to reduce the model's sensitivity to low density. In the proposed approach, the support vector machine based machine learning (SVM‐ML) technique is utilized to prevent DDoS attacks in a Mininet‐based emulation. Then, LSTM and GRU deep learning (DL) techniques are used to define the block‐attack model to enhance the detection performance. The experimental results of the proposed approach “Block‐Attack” model attain 98.5% of accuracy to detect and prevent the DDoS attacks and 95.5% of accuracy for SVM based method.
Dual epigenetic agents plus rituximab–gemcitabine–oxaliplatin as salvage treatment in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients failure of salvage chemotherapy
Authors: Qu Changju , Ping Nana , Kong Danqing , Liu Aining , Liu Hailing , Xu Ting , Xia Fan , Wu Depei , Jin Zhengming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRefractory/relapsed (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients' failure of salvage chemotherapy had extremely worse prognoses. Herein, 14 R/R DLBCL patients failed to salvage chemotherapy were exposed to dual epigenetic agents (Chidamide 30 mg biw*2w and Decitabine 10 mg/m2 qd*d1–d5) and sequential R‐GemOx (rituximab 375 mg/m2 qd d6; gemcitabine 1 g/m2 d7, d14; and oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 d7) for further salvage chemotherapy. Finally, 11/14(78.6%) patients achieved overall response with 6/14(42.9%) achieving complete remission and 2‐year overall survival (OS)/progression free survival (PFS) rate was 42.7%, extremely higher than reported previously. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that 2‐year OS/PFS rate was significantly higher in patients achieved complete/partial remission or with low international prognosis index (IPI 0–2) than that in patients with steady disease or high IPI (3–5). Common grade 3–4 adverse events were hematological toxicities. All toxicities were transient and reversible. Our report implicates that combination of dual epigenetic agents and R‐GemOx is a safe and promising alternative for R/R DLBCL patients.
Long‐term follow‐up and health‐related quality of life among cancer survivors with stage IEA orbital‐type lymphoma after external photon‐beam radiotherapy: Results from a longitudinal study
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Rating Philipp , Bechrakis Nikolaos , Eckstein Anja , Sokolenko Ekaterina , Jabbarli Leyla , Westekemper Henrike , Mohr Christopher , Schmeling Claus , Huettmann Andreas , von Tresckow Julia , Göricke Sophia , Deuschl Cornelius , Johansson Patricia , Poettgen Christoph , Gauler Thomas , Guberina Nika , Moliavi Sourour , Stuschke Martin , Guberina Maja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe assessed the long‐term outcomes and treatment‐related adverse effects of patients with Stage I, “orbital‐type” lymphomas that were uniformly treated with photons. All consecutive patients diagnosed with low‐grade, Ann Arbor Stage IEA orbital lymphoma treated between 1999 and 2020 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. We excluded patients with exclusive conjunctival involvement, typically treated with en face electrons. In order to quantify radiotherapy related side effects we applied the CTCAE criteria, analyzed changes in visual acuity, quantified dry eye symptoms by use of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and applied the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire for quality of life (QoL) assessment. In total 66 eyes of 62 patients were irradiated with a median dose of 30.6 Gy. The median follow‐up was 43.5 months. The predominant histological subtype were MALT lymphomas. No local failure occurred in this cohort. Of nine outfield relapses, six solely occurred in the contralateral eye. The 5‐ and 10‐ years distant progression free survival rates (PFS) were 81.4% and 63.5%. The 5‐ and 10‐years overall survival rates were 85.1% and 71.9% without any tumor related death. Of the acute toxicities none was higher than CTCAE grade 1. The predominant late toxicities were dry eyes (21.2%) of CTCAE Grade <2 and radiation induced cataracts (19.7%). During long‐term follow up the average visual acuity did not deteriorate. The global QoL was worst before treatment and improved significantly after 24 months (p = 0.007). External beam radiotherapy of “orbital‐type” lymphomas with photons is an effective and gentle treatment option with excellent local control rates. From the high control rates the trend to use slightly lower total doses of 24–27 Gy with conventional fractionation is supported. As non‐coplanar radiotherapy techniques improved and total doses can slightly be reduced, the current status of radiotherapy as first line therapy is provided.
Barriers to accessing health care among young people in 30 low‐middle income countries
Authors: Nachiappan Nitish , Mackinnon Shona , Ndayizeye Jean P. , Greenfield Geva , Hargreaves Dougal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies focusing on high‐income countries have shown that young people often face greater barriers to accessing healthcare than older adults. However, in low‐middle income countries (LMICs), there have been a paucity of cross‐country, quantitative studies highlighting these barriers.AimThis exploratory study aims to provide a scoping review of the publicly available Demographic and Heath Survey (DHS) data with a view to form the basis for further work.Materials and methodsData on insurance coverage, agency, and access to evidence‐based family planning from 30 countries in the DHS were compared between age groups. Data on 586,250 participants 15–24 years (33% male) and 854,660 participants 25–49 years (16% male) from 30 LMICs were analyzed.ResultsSignificantly greater barriers to accessing healthcare were observed across six variables in younger population when compared to older adults across all survey questions with an average of 8.4% point difference. Also, there was wide country‐level variation: the maximum differences between age groups were 33% points; Rwanda was the only country with no age differences.DiscussionThis study highlights several possible themes for future research into improving access to healthcare for young people. These themes include more detailed evaluation of country‐specific policies to reduced barriers to healthcare for young people and further research into the causative factors that can influence healthcare utilization by young people.ConclusionOur analysis showcases increased barriers to healthcare access for young people in LMICs. We argue that they can only be improved by targeted policies and direct community engagement.
Inhibition of hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α‐mediated autophagy enhances the in vitro antitumor activity of rhein in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Yao Chuanshan , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA hypoxic microenvironment results in significantly elevated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) level in pancreatic cancer. HIF‐1 functions to maintain the survival of cancer cells. The present study was performed to investigate whether inhibition of HIF‐1α expression was involved in the in vitro antitumor effect of rhein in pancreatic cancer cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. sh‐RNA knockout technique and western blotting were used to investigate the role of HIF‐1α in autophagy activation in MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells. The survival and glycolysis were assessed using MTT assay and colorimetric kits, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated by detecting the levels of apoptosis‐related proteins using western blotting. Among the five pancreatic cancer cell lines, MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells were more sensitive to hypoxia‐induced autophagy. HIF‐1α regulated hypoxia‐induced autophagy in MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells. Treatment with rhein inhibited the survival and suppressed glycolysis in MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells exposed to hypoxia. Bafilomycin A1 enhanced the suppressive effects of rhein on cell survival and glycolysis under hypoxia. Treatment with rhein, but not bafilomycin A1, significantly reduced HIF‐1α expression. In conclusion, inhibition of HIF‐1α‐mediated autophagy enhances the in vitro antitumor activity of rhein in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia.
CdTe quantum dots trigger oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis and autophagy in rat Schwann cell line RSC96
Authors: Bai Changcun , Yao Yongshuai , Wang Zhihui , Huang Xiaoquan , Wei Tingting , Zou Lingyue , Liu Na , Zhang Ting , Tang Meng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the current study, the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) on RSC96 cells were evaluated by exposing different doses of CdTe QDs for 24 h. Two types of cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy, as well as two important organelles, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, were focused after CdTe QDs exposure. The results showed that CdTe QDs induced apoptosis in RSC96 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner; promoted the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species; decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential; caused the release of cytochrome c; and also increased the expression of Bcl‐2 associated X protein, caspase‐3, and cytochrome c proteins and decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 protein. Further results also confirmed that CdTe QDs could be internalized by RSC96 cells, and the exposure and internalization of CdTe QDs could induce excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cells, and the expression levels of binding immunoglobulin protein, C/EBP homologous protein, and caspase12 proteins were increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, autophagy‐related proteins LC3II, Beclin1, and P62 all increased after CdTe QDs exposure, suggesting that CdTe QDs exposure both promoted autophagosome formation and inhibited autophagosome degradation, and that CdTe QDs affected the autophagic flow in RSC96 cells. In conclusion, CdTe QDs are able to cause apoptosis and autophagy in RSC96 cells through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, and the possible neurotoxicity of CdTe QDs should be further investigated.
Multilayer diffusion modeling and Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy for spatially resolved water diffusion measurements in human skin
Authors: Iachina Irina , Lomholt Michael A. , Eriksen Johannes H. , Brewer Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work using Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy, it was possible to directly measure the time dependent, spatially resolved change in concentration of water (D2O) in intact skin tissue with a spatial resolution of under 1 μm, and combined with a multilayer diffusion model, diffusion coefficients at different depths in the tissue were extracted. The results show that the diffusion varies at different layers throughout the Stratum Corneum (SC), indicating that the SC is not a homogeneous barrier but a complicated heterogeneous structure. Interestingly, averaging over the diffusion at the different depths and samples gave a relatively constant value of 0.047 ± 0.01 μm2/second. Treating the skin with acetone or tape stripping led to an increased diffusion coefficient of 0.064 ± 0.02 μm2/second and 0.079 ± 0.03 μm2/second, respectively. The combined method and model presented here shows potential for wide applications for measuring spatially resolved diffusion of different substances in a variety of different samples.
G-CSF Receptor Deletion Amplifies Cortical Bone Dysfunction in Mice With STAT3 Hyperactivation in Osteocytes
Authors: Isojima Tsuyoshi , Walker Emma C , Poulton Ingrid J , McGregor Narelle E , Wicks Ian P , Gooi Jonathan H , Martin T John , Sims Natalie A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBone strength is determined by the structure and composition of its thickened outer shell (cortical bone), yet the mechanisms controlling cortical consolidation are poorly understood. Cortical bone maturation depends on SOCS3-mediated suppression of IL-6 cytokine-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in osteocytes, the cellular network embedded in bone matrix. Because SOCS3 also suppresses granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) signaling, we here tested whether global G-CSFR (Csf3r) ablation altereed bone structure in male and female mice lacking SOCS3 in osteocytes, (Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice). Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice were generated by crossing Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice with Csf3r−/− mice. Although G-CSFR is not expressed in osteocytes, Csf3r deletion further delayed cortical consolidation in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice. Micro-CT images revealed extensive, highly porous low-density bone, with little true cortex in the diaphysis, even at 26 weeks of age; including more low-density bone and less high-density bone in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice than controls. By histology, the area where cortical bone would normally be found contained immature compressed trabecular bone in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice and greater than normal levels of intracortical osteoclasts, extensive new woven bone formation, and the presence of more intracortical blood vessels than the already high levels observed in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f controls. qRT-PCR of cortical bone from Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice also showed more than a doubling of mRNA levels for osteoclasts, osteoblasts, RANKL, and angiogenesis markers. The further delay in cortical bone maturation was associated with significantly more phospho-STAT1 and phospho-STAT3-positive osteocytes, and a threefold increase in STAT1 and STAT3 target gene mRNA levels, suggesting G-CSFR deletion further increases STAT signaling beyond that of Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f bone. G-CSFR deficiency therefore promotes STAT1/3 signaling in osteocytes, and when SOCS3 negative feedback is absent, elevated local angiogenesis, bone resorption, and bone formation delays cortical bone consolidation. This points to a critical role of G-CSF in replacing condensed trabecular bone with lamellar bone during cortical bone formation. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Simple Evaluation of Singlet Fission Couplings for Interacting Dimer Systems
Authors: Sun Jing , Huang Chun‐Chuan , Cheng Yuan‐Chung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSinglet fission (SF) could potentially generate two triplet excitations from the absorption of a single photon, which can be applied to significantly enhance the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. Efficiency of SF for molecular dimers depend on couplings between electronic configurations, however, available theoretical methods for quantitative evaluations of these couplings often require high computational cost and thus it is still difficult to explore geometrical dependence of SF performance for molecular dimers. Herein, we present a direct derivation of the couplings relevant to SF process on the basis of rigorously localized dimeric orbitals. We then systematically show that the SF rates can be correlated with a SF overlap factor that can be easily evaluated from monomeric molecular orbitals. Furthermore, we demonstrate the validity of the overlap factor as a quantitative descriptor of effective SF coupling based on comparative studies on slip‐stacked ethylene and tetracene dimers. With the validity confirmed, we applied the descriptor to investigate a large family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to reveal dimer geometries that could potentially exhibit highly efficient SF. Our results provide a theoretical tool that could significant increase the speed and reliability of the discovery process for efficient organic SF materials.
Defining existing practices to support the sleep of hospitalized patients: A mixed‐methods study of top‐ranked hospitals
Authors: Affini Murtala I. , Arora Vineet M. , Gulati Jasmine , Mason Noah , Klein Aviva , Cho Hyung J. , Clarke Karen , Lee Vivian , McDaniel Lauren M. , Orlov Nicola M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to understand the existing practices and attitudes regarding inpatient sleep at the 2020 US News and World Report (USNWR) Honor Roll pediatric (n = 10) and adult (n = 20) hospitals. Section chiefs of Hospital Medicine from these institutions were surveyed and interviewed between June and August 2021. Among 23 of 30 surveyed physician leaders (response rate = 77%), 96% (n = 22) rated patient sleep as important, but only 43% (n = 10) were satisfied with their institutions' efforts. A total of 96% (n = 22) of institutions lack sleep equity practices. Fewer than half (48%) of top hospitals have sleep‐friendly practices, with the most common practices including reducing overnight vital sign monitoring (43%), decreasing ambient light in the wards (43%), adjusting lab and medication schedules (35%), and implementing quiet hours (30%). Major themes from qualitative interviews included: importance of universal sleep‐friendly cultures, environmental changes, and external incentives to improve patient sleep.
Association between periodontal disease, tooth extraction, and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in women receiving bisphosphonates: A national cohort‐based study
Authors: Kwoen Min‐Jeong , Park Jung‐Hyun , Kim Keun‐Suh , Lee Jae‐Ryun , Kim Jin‐Woo , Lee Hyejin , Lee Hyo‐Jung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether periodontal diseases contribute to the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in addition to tooth extraction, which is a major risk factor for MRONJ occurrence.MethodsThis retrospective, nationwide cohort study was performed using South Korea's National Health Insurance Service database on women aged > 50 years who took bisphosphonates for at least 1 year between 2010 and 2015. MRONJ, periodontal disease, and tooth extraction were defined using the claims data.ResultsAmong the 27,168 patients analyzed, the incidence of confirmed MRONJ was significantly higher in the periodontal disease group (0.58%) than in the nonperiodontal disease group (0.31%). While extraction alone showed an increased risk of MRONJ development (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–3.52), periodontal disease without tooth extraction also indicated a similar risk (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.86–3.28); when a history of both periodontal disease and tooth extraction was present, the HR significantly increased to 2.55 (95% CI: 1.41–4.64).ConclusionsThe risk of MRONJ increased significantly when tooth extraction was performed in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease; therefore, periodontal diseases should be proactively managed in patients taking bisphosphonates.
Bacteria‐induced amino acid metabolism involved in appearance characteristics of high‐temperature Daqu
Authors: Zhang Yuandi , Shen Yi , Niu Jiao , Ding Fang , Ren Ying , Chen Xiaoxue , Han Bei‐Zhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSignificant changes occurd in Daqu bricks on the 15th day of incubation, and brick color (yellow, brown, or dark) is generally used as a standard for quality evaluation by experienced workers. This study aimed to explore the basis behind the phenomenon through multi‐omics studies. The physicochemical properties of different high‐temperature Daqu were compared. Furthermore, PacBio sequencing and the ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatographic–Q‐exactive–mass spectrometric approach were employed to analyze the differences in the microbiome and metabolome among different Daqu samples.RESULTSBacillus was the biomarker of yellow Daqu, Thermoactinomyces and Thermoascus were the key genera in brown Daqu, and Burkholderiales, Sphingomonas, and Ralstonia were biomarkers in dark Daqu. The physicochemical characteristics (especially the color values) of different high‐temperature Daqu showed strong correlations with the bacterial alpha diversity and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial genera. Amino acid metabolism pathways including tryptophan metabolism, β‐alanine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis were the key factors resulting in the characteristic differences where Bacillus, Burkholderia, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were pivotal bacterial genera. The relative abundance of Bacillus had a positive correlation with the content of 3‐hydroxykynurenamine, l‐glutamic acid, and pantothenic acid, while it showed a negative correlation with indoleacetic acid, l‐tryptophan, N‐acetylserotonin, l‐histidine, l‐aspartic acid, phosphatidylserine, 5‐methoxyindoleacetate, and L‐serine. Burkholderia, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas had the opposite effects.CONCLUSIONMicrobes play different roles in amino acid metabolism pathways, producing different metabolites, contributing to the differences in Daqu appearance and quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of resource selection on nonbreeding season mortality of mallards
Authors: Palumbo Matthew D. , Petrie Scott A. , Schummer Michael L. , Rubin Benjamin D. , Benson John F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRelationships between individual resource selection strategies and fitness are difficult to quantify at large spatial scales. These links are important for understanding the potential effects of management on population‐level processes. We modeled the degree to which selection of specific landscape features altered mortality risk of female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during the non‐breeding season. We used individual resource selection estimates from adult female mallards equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) backpack transmitters (n = 56) in the Lake St. Clair region of southwestern Ontario, Canada, in August of 2014 and 2015. We determined the fate of individuals between August and January and used time‐to‐event analyses to model survival over 158 days. Furthermore, we investigated how diurnal and nocturnal resource selection and year were related to mortality risk. The survival rate for the adult female mallards was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42–0.77). Resource types were combinations of land class types (e.g., water, marsh, flooded agriculture, supplemental feeding areas, and dry agriculture) important to mallards and varying levels of risk from anthropogenic disturbance ranging from inviolate refuges to publicly accessed areas where we predicted mortality risk to be greatest. Our results suggest that water that the public can access (i.e., public water) influenced mortality risk during multiple seasons. Specifically, selection of public water by female mallards reduced mortality risk diurnally during the non‐hunting period (hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48–0.96) but increased mortality risk during the first half of the hunting period (hazard ratio = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.08–2.20). Our research highlights that individual selection strategies by ducks within this landscape can influence mortality risk.