bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate Prediction of Global Mean Temperature through Data Analytics
Authors: Niyogi Debdarsan , Sriniva Jayaraman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a need to predict how the Global Mean Temperature (GMT) will evolve in the next few decades so that all nations can plan their reduction in the use of fossil fuels. The ability to predict historical data is a necessary first step towards the actual goal of making long-range forecasts. This paper examines the advantage of statistical and simpler Machine Learning (ML) methods instead of directly using complex ML algorithms and Deep Learning Neural Networks (DNN). Systematic data preparation methods have been applied as they have often been shown to offer predictive advantages to ML methods. The GMT time series is treated both as a univariate time series and also cast as a regression problem. Some steps of data preparation were found to be effective. Some simple ML methods did as well or better than the more well-known ones showing merit in trying a large bouquet of algorithms as a first step. The GMT data were divided into training and testing datasets. Predictions for the annual GMT testing data were better than that published so far, with the lowest RMSE value of 0.02 degree C. RMSE for five-year mean GMT values for the test data ranged from 0.00002 to 0.00036 degree C.
ACMFNN: Design of an augmented convolutional model for intelligent cross-domain malware localization via forensic neural networks
Authors: Beg Rijvan , Pateriya R. K , Tomar Deepak Singh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Classification of malwares from spatial & temporal data patterns requires efficient design of deep learning models. These models deploy methods for feature extraction, feature selection, classification & post-processing to perform this task. A wide variety of high-efficiency malware analysis models are proposed by researchers, and most of them are application-specific, thus cannot be scaled to multiple domains. Out of these, only a few of these models are targeted towards identification of malware locations. In order to improve malware detection scalability, and localization performance, this text proposes a novel augmented convolutional model (ACM) for intelligent cross-domain malware analysis via forensic neural networks (FNNs). The FNNs are designed as an integration of multiple augmented convolutional models, which include different optimizers & feature extraction units. In this design, each of these units are customized to improve their feature extraction & selection capabilities, which assists in improving classification performance. Results of classification are given to an ACM layer, which performs feature augmentation to localize malware positions in input data. The proposed model was evaluated on multiple malware datasets, including Electro RAT, Pegasus, SkyGoFree, Viking Horde, Bat Skull, Yesmile, Wirenet, Jigsaw, Satana, Tapaoux, etc. It was observed that the proposed model was able to classify these malwares with an average accuracy of 98.5%, which makes it useful for real-time malware analysis. The model was also able to achieve an average localization accuracy of 79.6% across these datasets, thereby assisting forensic experts to obtain an approximate estimate of malware locations in input data streams. This performance was compared with some of the recently proposed malware detection models, and it was observed that the proposed ACMFNN method has 8% better precision, 6.5% better recall, and 9.4% better classification accuracy when compared with these methods on the same dataset. Due to augmented convolutional model, it was observed that the proposed approach had 15% better localization accuracy, 19% better localization precision, and 14% better localization recall when compared with these methods. Thereby indicating that the propose model is applicable for a wide variety of malware detection & localization application deployments.
Phylogenetic study of Elona quimperiana (Gastropoda: Elonidae): identification of a new mitochondrial haplogroup
Authors: Somoza-Valdeolmillos Eder , Gómez-Moliner Benjamín J. , Caro Amaia , Chueca Luis J. , Puente Ana I. , Madeira María J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The land snail Elona quimperiana is listed in annexes II and IV of the Europe Habitats Directive. In this study, phylogenetic relationships between populations of this protected species from its whole distribution range were reconstructed based on the sequencing of two mtDNA gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA) and one nDNA gene fragment (ITS2). Haplotype networks were also generated for the COI and 16S rRNA gene fragments. Results yielded three main intraspecific phylogroups here designated as the lineages Brittany-Spain, Basque and Navarre-Rioja. This last lineage had not been identified previously. Genetic distances between the three main phylogroups indicate they were formed by allopatric populations before the Last Glacial Maximum, and then separately evolved in three refugia in the Iberian Peninsula. We here propose that each phylogroup is considered an Evolutionarily Significant Unit. Through extended sampling, we were able to delimit the geographic distribution of all three lineages. Finally, our genetic results support post-glacial colonization of this species from the northeastern Iberian Peninsula to Brittany in NW-France as suggested previously and rule out its recent anthropic introduction.
UD Gheg Pear Stories: An annotated treebank of Gheg Albanian as spoken in Switzerland
Authors: Ebert Christian , Kuqi Adrian , Widmer Paul , Sonnenhauser Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the Gheg Albanian Pear Stories treebank to be released in Nov. 2022, which is the first resource for Gheg in the Universal Dependencies (UD) treebank collection (Nivre et al. 2020). It also provides a special combination of spoken modality and heritage language, which both are underrepresented in UD and corpus resources in general. We provide a short description of the grammatical features of Gheg, and how they translate to categories in the UD annotation scheme in contrast with the Standard Albanian resources of Kote et al. (2019) and Toska, Nivre, and Zeman (2020). Special reference is given to the challenges arising from the spoken modality and the multi-lingual context, like disfluency, repair, and code-switching.
Assessment of infraorbital foramen position using CT-Scan in a cohort of Cameroonian adults : landmarks in facial surgery and anesthesiology
Authors: Désiré Akaba , Ebogo Messina , Amougou Mballa , Essono Ntcham , Zogo Ongolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgroung: the infraorbital foramen (IOF) is a hole located in the maxillary bone and delivering passage to the infra orbital vascular-nervous bundle. It is an essential structure in the management of orofacial pathologies. Its precise location allows optimal anesthesia of the infraorbital nerve during cleft lip and palate surgery or alcoholization during the management of essential V2 neuralgia. The aim of our research was to determine the morphology and morphometry of the infraorbital foramen in a sample of the Cameroonian population.
Methods: we included 208 CT-Scans of patients meeting our search criteria. We determined the shape of the IOF and evaluated the transverse and vertical diameters of the IOF. We assessed the distance of the IOF from the maxillary alveolar crest, the lateral border of the piriform aperture and the infraorbital margin. The Student test was used to determine the association between different variables. the P-value of 0.05 was considered significant and the confidence interval was 95%.
Results: The mean transverse diameter of the left IOF was 1.97 mm ± 0.51 while 1.78 mm ± 0.53. The IOF was more often medial to the lateral palpebral commissure- nasal wing line on the left and right (78.8% and 72.6%, respectively). Our sample showed that in 35.6% (n=94) of subjects, the IOF was round on the left, whereas it was round in 45.2% (n=94) of patients.
Conclusion: the position of the IOF is of particular interest in the management of facial pathologies. Knowing its location makes it possible to avoid a section of the infraorbital neurovascular bundle that can cause sometimes irreversible sequelae.
Thoracolumbar fascial injury in osteoporotic vertebral fracture: the important concomitant damage
Authors: Deng Zicheng , Feng Tao , Wu Xiexing , Yu Zilin , Xie Haifeng , Yang Huilin , Niu Junjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Thoracolumbar fascia injury (FI) is rarely discussed in osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) patients in previous literature and it is usually neglected and treated as an unmeaning phenomenon. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the thoracolumbar fascial injury and further discuss its clinical significance in the treatment of kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) patients.
Methods: Based on the presence or absence of FI, 223 OVF patients were divided into two groups. The demographics of patients with and without FI were compared. The visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores were compared preoperatively and after PKP treatment between these groups.
Results: Thoracolumbarfascia injuries were observed in 27.8% of patients. Most FI showed a multi-level distribution pattern which involved a mean of 3.3 levels. Location of fractures, severity of fractures and severity of trauma were significantly different between patients with and without FI. In further comparison, severity of trauma were significantly different between patients with severe and non-severe FI. In patients with FI, VAS and ODI scores of 3 days and 1 month after PKP treatment were significantly worse 3 days and 1 month after PKP treatment compared to those without FI. It showed the same trend in VAS and ODI scores in patients with severe FI when compared to those patients with non-severe FI.
Conclusions: FI is not rare in OVF patients and presents multiple levels of involvement. The more serious trauma suffered, the more severe thoracolumbar fascial injury presented. The presence of FI which was related to residual back pain significantly affected the effectiveness of PKP in treating OVFs. Prolonged bed rest should be prescribed postoperatively for OVF patients with FI.
Telescoped boiling and cooling mechanisms triggered hydrothermal stibnite precipitation: Insights from the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan China
Authors: Yu Hao-Cheng , Qiu Kun-Feng , Simon Adam C. , Wang Da , Mathur Ryan , Wan Ruo-Qi , Jiang Xiang-Yong , Deng Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSociety annually consumes 250% more Sb relative to the year 1960 and a sustainable supply of antimony depends critically on understanding the precipitation mechanism of stibnite (Sb2S3) that is the globally predominant source of this important technology metal. Previous solubility studies revealed that antimony is transported in mesothermal hydrothermal fluids mainly as the aqueous species thioantimonite (H2Sb2S4, HSb2S4−, Sb2S42−) and hydroxothioantimonite [Sb2S2(OH)2]. Thioantimonite can transform to hydroxothioantimonite with a decline of H2S concentration. However, whether this transition occurs in hydrothermal systems and its role in stibnite precipitation are unknown. In this work, bulk Sb isotope measurements for stibnite from the world’s largest Sb deposit in Xikuangshan China were conducted to address ore fluid evolution and stibnite precipitation mechanisms. The abundance of the stable antimony isotopes 121Sb and 123Sb were measured in stibnite from the Xikuangshan orebodies and reported as δ123Sb. The δ123Sb values show a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from proximal to distal parts of orebodies. This reveals that 123Sb had been preferentially partitioned from the ore fluid into stibnite first, then 123Sb remained preferentially dissolved in the ore fluid. These data indicate that the dominant Sb-complex transforms to Sb2S2(OH)2 from H2Sb2S4 with consumption of H2S. Speciation diagram considerations indicate that stibnite precipitation from the ore fluid was controlled by two telescoped processes: (1) boiling of the ore fluid induced a decrease in H2S that reduced the solubility of H2Sb2S4, and (2) subsequent cooling that induced a decrease in the solubility of Sb2S2(OH)2. This study highlights that understanding the controls of Sb isotope fractionation is critical to constrain fluid evolution and stibnite precipitation mechanisms in Sb-rich mineral systems. In particular, the stable Sb complex in the hydrothermal ore fluid may change during fluid evolution and affect the isotope fractionation mechanism.
Fluorine behavior during experimental muscovite dehydration melting and natural partitioning between micas: Implications for the petrogenesis of peraluminous leucogranites and pegmatites
Authors: Sallet Ricardo , Price Jonathan D. , Ribeiro Carlos , Hollanda Maria Helena B.M. , Sayeg Isaac J. , Harlov Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fluorine behavior during the partial melting of two mica-bearing protoliths has been experimentally investigated at 700 to 930 °C and 0.4 and 0.6 GPa. Muscovite dehydration and H2O-HF fluid-assisted partial-melting experiments were carried out using both a natural and synthetic two-mica schist made of natural micas. The mineral composition of the experiments was assessed by BSE imaging and EDS analyses. The F, Cl, and major elements contents of the glass and micas were determined by EPMA.
The muscovite dehydration melting reaction is muscovite + quartz + plagioclase = peraluminous melt + biotite + sillimanite + potassic feldspar ± hercynite. The starting biotite stays largely stable, showing only minor melt + ilmenite and trace magnetite formation in the cleavages. The newly formed biotite shows similar F contents and a slightly higher XSid component when compared to the starting biotite. HF-added experiments yield F-rich newly formed biotite.
The experimentally produced melts were of a peraluminous leucogranitic composition with F contents increasing with F-rich protoliths. The bulk partition coefficient DFschist/melt increases from 0.5 to 3.0 when the F content of the protolith rises from 0.05 to 1.2 wt%. The partition coefficient, DFBt/melt, increases from 2.0 to 6.0 where the biotite MgO content increases from 5 to 18 wt%. The natural partition coefficient DFBt/Ms, measured for a set of rocks with a varied lithology from the Seridó Belt, northeastern Brazil, was 2.7 ± 0.5.
The F partition coefficients measured in this study, along with published F partition coefficients between biotite and melt, biotite and muscovite, and fluid and melt, allow for the modeling of F behavior during muscovite dehydration and fluid-present melting. F-rich, two-mica protoliths will increase F partitioning in favor of the micaceous anatectic residue compared to the peraluminous melt. Furthermore, the model indicates that the more Fe-rich the schist and its residual biotite are, the higher the F content of the melt and the fluid. Fluorine-rich peraluminous leucogranites and related fluids may be generated by the anatexis of F- and Fe-rich, two-mica protoliths. As F can be a complexing ligand for Li, Be, Cs, Nb, Ta, W, Sn, and U, muscovite dehydration could potentially be associated with metallic occurrences associated with peraluminous melts.
A Brief Educational Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Intervention in an Infectious Disease Clinic: Protocol for a Case Series Study
Authors: Dalton Cynthia , Cornelius Judith , Davis Bernard 
Published: September 2022

Background
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) remain the highest group infected with HIV despite treatment with medications known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP in combination with safer sex practices has shown efficacy in preventing HIV infection. Despite awareness campaigns, PrEP uptake remains low among BMSM. While brief educational interventions have value in fast-paced clinical settings with limited appointment times, a brief PrEP educational intervention has not been initiated with BMSM in a fast-paced outpatient infectious disease clinic in North Carolina.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of initiating a brief PrEP educational intervention to reduce HIV infection rates in BMSM in a fast-paced infectious disease clinic delivered by a doctoral-prepared nurse practitioner.

Methods
This case-series study uses a brief educational intervention to develop and pilot-test a brief PrEP educational uptake intervention with BMSM. The participants met with the nurse practitioner at 3 different time points: baseline, 4 weeks later (first visit), and at the 3-month follow-up (second visit). We used a pretest-posttest design to examine the primary outcomes of PrEP knowledge, medication adherence, and sexually transmitted infection outcomes.

Results
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment process was delayed. From November 1, 2019, to August 30, 2021, a total of 7 participants consented to participate in the study. Data analysis will be completed by the end of September 2022. We will submit a manuscript for publication consideration by December 2022.

Conclusions
Brief educational interventions delivered in a fast-paced infectious disease clinic have the potential to increase PrEP awareness and knowledge, medication adherence, and decreased rates of sexually transmitted diseases in BMSM. This protocol will contribute to the literature on the development of brief PrEP educational interventions and has the potential to be generalized to other populations (eg, women and adolescents).

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/33093
Personalized Energy Expenditure Estimation: Visual Sensing Approach With Deep Learning
Authors: Perrett Toby , Masullo Alessandro , Damen Dima , Burghardt Tilo , Craddock Ian , Mirmehdi Majid 
Published: September 2022

Background
Calorimetry is both expensive and obtrusive but provides the only way to accurately measure energy expenditure in daily living activities of any specific person, as different people can use different amounts of energy despite performing the same actions in the same manner. Deep learning video analysis techniques have traditionally required a lot of data to train; however, recent advances in few-shot learning, where only a few training examples are necessary, have made developing personalized models without a calorimeter a possibility.

Objective
The primary aim of this study is to determine which activities are most well suited to calibrate a vision-based personalized deep learning calorie estimation system for daily living activities.

Methods
The SPHERE (Sensor Platform for Healthcare in a Residential Environment) Calorie data set is used, which features 10 participants performing 11 daily living activities totaling 4.5 hours of footage. Calorimeter and video data are available for all recordings. A deep learning method is used to regress calorie predictions from video.

Results
Models are personalized with 32 seconds from all 11 actions in the data set, and mean square error (MSE) is taken against a calorimeter ground truth. The best single action for calibration is wipe (1.40 MSE). The best pair of actions are sweep and sit (1.09 MSE). This compares favorably to using a whole 30-minute sequence containing 11 actions to calibrate (1.06 MSE).

Conclusions
A vision-based deep learning energy expenditure estimation system for a wide range of daily living activities can be calibrated to a specific person with footage and calorimeter data from 32 seconds of sweeping and 32 seconds of sitting.
Perceptions of, and Obstacles to, SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Among Adults in Lebanon: Cross-sectional Online Survey
Authors: Abou-Arraj Nadeem Elias , Maddah Diana , Buhamdan Vanessa , Abbas Roua , Jawad Nadine Kamel , Karaki Fatima , Alami Nael H , Geldsetzer Pascal 
Published: September 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is an additional burden on Lebanon’s fragmented health care system and adds to its ongoing political, economic, and refugee crises. Vaccination is an important means of reducing the impact of the pandemic.

Objective
Our study’s aims were to (1) assess the prevalences of intention to vaccinate and vaccine hesitancy in Lebanon; (2) determine how vaccine hesitancy in Lebanon varies by sociodemographic, economic, and geographic characteristics; and (3) understand individuals’ motivations for vaccinating as well as concerns and obstacles to vaccination.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study from January 29, 2021, to March 11, 2021, using an online questionnaire of open- and closed-ended questions in Arabic via convenience “snowball” sampling to assess the perceptions of adults residing in Lebanon.

Results
Of the 1185 adults who participated in the survey, 46.1% (95% CI: 43.2%-49.0%) intended to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine when available to them, 19.0% (95% CI 16.8%-21.4%) indicated they would not, and 34.0% (95% CI 31.3%-36.8%) were unsure (with an additional 0.9% skipping this question). The most common reasons for hesitancy were concerns about safety, limited testing, side effects, and efficacy. Top motivations for vaccinating were to protect oneself, protect one’s family and the public, and end the pandemic. Despite financial hardships in Lebanon, barriers to vaccine access were not frequently described as concerns. Established health care facilities, rather than new temporary vaccination centers, were most frequently selected as preferred vaccination sites.

Conclusions
Vaccine hesitancy appears to be high in Lebanon. Disseminating clear, consistent, evidence-based safety and efficacy information on vaccines may help reduce vaccine hesitancy, especially among the large proportion of adults who appear to be unsure about (rather than opposed to) vaccination.
Social Media Perceptions and Internet Verification Skills Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Decision-Making Among Parents of Children and Adolescents: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Thompson Erika L , Preston Sharice M , Francis Jenny K R , Rodriguez Serena A , Pruitt Sandi L , Blackwell James-Michael , Tiro Jasmin A 
Published: September 2022

Background
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for children aged 11-12 years in the United States. One factor that may contribute to low national HPV vaccine uptake is parental exposure to misinformation on social media.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the association between parents’ perceptions of the HPV vaccine information on social media and internet verification strategies used with the HPV vaccine decision-making stage for their child.

Methods
Parents of children and adolescents aged 9-17 years were recruited for a cross-sectional survey in North Texas (n=1192) and classified into 3 groups: children and adolescents who (1) were vaccinated, (2) unvaccinated and did not want the vaccine, and (3) unvaccinated and wanted the vaccine. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to identify factors associated with the HPV vaccine decision-making stage with children and adolescents who were vaccinated as the referent group.

Results
Of the 1192 respondents, 44.7% (n=533) had an HPV-vaccinated child, 38.8% (n=463) had an unvaccinated child and did not want the vaccine, and 16.4% (n=196) had an unvaccinated child and wanted the vaccine. Respondents were less likely to be “undecided/not wanting the vaccine” if they agreed that HPV information on social media is credible (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.60; P=.001), disagreed that social media makes them question the HPV vaccine (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.33; P<.001), or had a higher internet verification score (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.88; P<.001).

Conclusions
Interventions that promote web-based health literacy skills are needed so parents can protect their families from misinformation and make informed health care decisions.