bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0097 REM-like Neural Activity Is Superior to NREM Parameters for Predicting Non-sleep Restricted Vigilance
Authors: Vattikuti Shashaank , Balkin Thomas , Braun Allen , Riedy Samantha , Doty Tracy , Hughes John 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Currently unknown is whether REM-like neural activity reverses, incurs, or is neutral with respect to its effect on sleep pressure independent from NREM recovery. We investigated the relationship between a novel scalp-EEG measure of REM-like neural activity and next-day performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) – a sensitive measure of sleep debt. Our EEG measure reflects the oscillatory-theta activity (OTA) that is the hallmark of REM sleep in animal studies. This method preserves amplitude information, isolates OTA from aperiodic theta-band power, and accounts for REM-like activity thought to occur outside of conventionally scored-REM epochs. We compared the PVT-association of OTA, traditionally measured EEG REM-theta, and traditional sleep parameters. To assess REM-like independent effects, we controlled for traditional parameters using a multivariate model.

Methods
Our method uses Irregular-Resampling Auto-Spectral Analysis to remove the aperiodic spectrum, followed by low-band power normalization to derive the relative oscillatory-theta activity (OTA). The average OTA was then used to predict next-day performance on the PVT. Traditional sleep parameters (sleep efficiency, total sleep time, %NREM, %N3, and delta-band power) were also examined. We combined data from two previously reported in-laboratory studies resulting in a sample size of 42 healthy young adult subjects. Analyses used non-sleep restricted overnight EEG recordings from a frontal channel.

Results
There was a substantial PVT-OTA association (OTA positively correlated with response-time and thus with reduced vigilance) during scored-REM epochs (r=0.44, p=0.003). This was stable irrespective of conventional sleep staging when using all sleep epochs (r=0.48, p=0.001), and OTA during scored-NREM (r=0.35, p=0.02). The effect was also stable after controlling for total sleep time, %NREM, and N3 delta-band power in a multivariate model (all-sleep PVT-OTA: r=0.5, p=0.004). Traditional sleep parameters were not significantly correlated with PVT performance.

Conclusion
OTA was a superior quantitative predictor of reduced next-day vigilance than traditional sleep parameters, and this persisted after controlling for NREM parameters. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that periods of high REM-like activity are less restorative than other periods and may actually increase homeostatic sleep pressure.

Support (If Any)
This effort was supported by the Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program.
0098 A Model for a Chronic Napping in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Youngstedt Shawn , Angadi Siddhartha , Petrov Megan , Patel Salma 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Theoretically, napping could have positive effects on health (e.g., by reducing stress and compensating for short night time sleep) or negative effects (e.g., by disrupting nighttime sleep or impairing circadian synchronization). Epidemiologic studies have produced mixed results regarding associations of napping with health. Causality can be better addressed with a randomized controlled trial of daily napping, as described herein.

Methods
Participants were 12 older adults (70.8±4.4 years) with a first degree relative with Alzheimer’s Disease. Inclusion criteria included normal cognitive function; stable sleep schedule; stable medication use; and self-reported ease of taking naps, but with napping frequency of ≤2 days per week. Exclusion criteria included having a sleep disorder or high risk of obstructive sleep apnea; hypertension; sleeping pill use &gt; once per week; MI or stroke within the past 3 years. Following a one week baseline involving a stable sleep/nap schedule consistent with usual habits, participants were randomized to one of two 21-day treatments: (1) daily napping (1 h/day begun at 5-7 h after arising) while keeping a stable night sleep schedule consistent with baseline (n=6); (2) a no-napping control treatment in which participants read quietly for 1 h/day at the same time (n=6). Sleep for night sleep and napping (or non-napping) was assessed via self-report, actigraphy, and the Z-machine.

Results
ANOVA revealed a significant increase in napping minutes/day (p=0.01) in the napping treatment (baseline: 14.5±21.1; 21-day average: 42.1±19.1) compared with the control treatment (baseline: 2.2±5.5; treatment: 1.4±3.5). However, reported nightime sleep duration did not change significantly between the napping (from 7.1±1.2 to 7.4±1.0 h) and the control treatment (7.8±0.7 to 7.8±0.6 h). Actigraphic night sleep changed from 7.3±0.8 to 7.1±0.9 and 7.8±5 to 7.6±0.7 after napping and control, respectively. There were not significant treatment differences (nor notable effect size differences) for depressed mood, sleepiness, PSQI, amyloid beta, nor cardiovascular measures (e.g., blood pressure, flow mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity).

Conclusion
The data indicate that older adults can undergo daily napping without significant impairment in nighttime sleep. Neither benefits nor detrimental effects on health-related variables were shown in this small sample. A more prolonged intervention is needed.

Support (If Any)
Institute for Social Science Research (ASU)
0107 Everyday Daytime Executive Functions in Adolescents with Insomnia
Authors: Gruber Reut , Saha Sujata , Voutou Denise , Somerville Gail , Panaitescu Antonia , Boulanger Carolynn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Current diagnostic criteria for insomnia require self-reported sleep difficulties along with a complaint of daytime impairment. Despite the high prevalence of insomnia in adolescents, its daytime correlates are not well characterized in this age group. Executive functions (EFs) are high-level cognitive processes that coordinate memory, attention and emotions, all of which are utilized in daily functioning. Sleep deprivation impairs performance on tasks requiring EFs.A number of studies have examined the associations between insomnia and EFs in adults, but there is a paucity of studies examining EFs in adolescents with insomnia. This limits the understanding of the nature of daytime functioning in adolescents with insomnia, and impedes efforts to examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at alleviating the daytime impairment of adolescents with insomnia.Study Objectives: 1) To compare everyday executive functioning of otherwise healthy adolescents with insomnia and that of typically developing controls; and 2) To examine the associations between sleep and everyday EFs in otherwise healthy adolescents with insomnia.

Methods
37 boys and 59 girls aged 12–16 years (mean=13.29; SD=1.1) with no medical or psychiatric disorders were divided into three groups based on their Insomnia Severity Index score: No insomnia ISI &lt;7; Sub-threshold insomnia 8&lt; ISI &lt;15; Insomnia ISI&gt; 15. Insomnia was measured using the ISI. Everyday executive functioning was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Sleep was measured using Actigraphy (AW-64 series; Mini-Mitter, Sunriver, OR, USA) and sleep logs. The parents of each participant provided information regarding his/her demographic and health status.

Results
Adolescents in the Insomnia group had higher scores on the BRIEF’s Metacognition Index (F(2, 94)=3.1, p&lt;0.05) and Global Executive Composite (F(2, 94)=3.6, p&lt;0.05) and marginally shorter actigraphic sleep duration compared to the other groups ((F(2, 94)=2.5, p&lt;0.09]). Negative correlations were found between actigraphic sleep duration and scores on the BRIEF’s Behavioral Regulation Index, Metacognition Index, and Global Executive Composite [r(81)= -0.35 p&lt;.001 r(81)= -0.49 p&lt;.001 r(81)= -0.42 p&lt;.001, respectively] and between sleep efficiency and the Metacognition Index [r(81)= -0.23 p&lt;.05].

Conclusion
ConclusionInsomnia in adolescents is associated with poor EFs.LimitationThe cross-sectional nature of the study means that the association between insomnia and EFs could be bidirectional.

Support (If Any)
CIHR 418638 to Reut GruberRGPIN-2015-04467 to Reut Gruber
0108 The Effect of Reward Motivation on Placekeeping Performance After Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Wernette Elle , Altmann Erik , Fenn Kimberly 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep deprivation impairs some higher-order cognitive processes, but this impairment may reflect changes in motivation as well as changes in the cognitive capacity to perform the task, which has implications for intervention strategies. Here, we asked whether reward motivation could offset the effects of sleep deprivation on placekeeping, a higher-order cognitive process that is prevalent in performance of everyday tasks. To conduct this study under pandemic conditions, we developed a method for online data collection that promises to facilitate sleep-deprivation research more generally, by allowing for larger and more diverse samples to be collected at lower cost compared to in-person methods.

Methods
In the evening, participants joined a Zoom meeting and completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and a placekeeping task (UNRAVEL). Afterwards, participants were randomly assigned to remain in the meeting and stay awake (Deprivation) or leave the meeting and sleep (Rested). Deprivation participants were monitored remotely overnight by two research assistants. Rested participants left the meeting at 00:00 and returned at 08:30. At 08:30, all participants completed the PVT and UNRAVEL again. Some participants had the opportunity to earn a monetary reward based on their morning UNRAVEL performance (Motivated) and some did not (Nonmotivated). We analyzed morning performance with a 2 (Sleep: Rested, Deprivation) x 2 (Reward: Motivated, Nonmotivated) design using evening performance as a covariate.

Results
Preliminary results from 206 participants show Deprivation participants had more placekeeping errors and lapses in the PVT than Rested participants. Motivated participants made fewer placekeeping errors after task interruption than Nonmotivated participants. The Sleep and Reward factors did not interact.

Conclusion
These results suggest that motivational interventions can mitigate some effects of sleep deprivation on complex task performance. However, reward motivation affected Rested and Deprivation performance similarly rather than compensating for any effects specific to sleep deprivation. This pattern does not rule out an effect of sleep deprivation on motivation, but does suggest that a different approach will be necessary to isolate this effect.

Support (If Any)
This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2739).
0141 Daily self-reported sleep duration patterns among male and female collegiate athletes
Authors: Bretzin Abigail , Weeks Jeremy , Walts Cory , D'Alonzo Bernadette , Wiebe Douglas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Student-athletes’ time demands include scholastic, athletic, and social events that may influence sleep duration; and the association between sleep duration, athletic performance, and injury risk are inconclusive. Further, limited research investigates long-term habitual sleep patterns in collegiate student-athletes. We aimed to describe the feasibility of monitoring long-term self-reported sleep duration, within-person sleep duration patterns, and test sex differences across a semester in a collegiate student-athlete cohort.

Methods
We monitored daily self-reported sleep in a prospective cohort study using ecologic momentary assessment. Each day, a smartphone application prompted student-athletes to record total sleep hours obtained in the previous 24 hours(h). We provide descriptive statistics for response frequency, and within-person sleep, percentage of days below recommended (7-9) hours, and coefficient of variation (CV) [(standard deviation/mean)*100]. We tested sex differences using chi-squared tests, and within-person median hours of sleep on weekdays verses weekends with paired t tests (p&lt;.05).

Results
Sixty-three student-athletes (male: 57.1%) on eight teams responded. Out of a possible 54 responses, response frequency was &lt;25% for 27.0% of student-athletes, 25-50% for 19.1% of student-athletes, 50-75% for 20.6% of student-athletes, and ≥75% for 33.3% of student-athletes. Among those responding ≥50% of days (n=34), median self-reported sleep ranged 6.5-9h per 24h and the percent of days below recommended hours of sleep ranged from 0-53.6%. The CV ranged from 6.2-31.8% overall, and from 7.0-24.1% among athletes with response rate ≥50%. There was a significant association between sex and quartile of response rate (χ23=15.91, p&lt;.001); the highest percent of males (41.7%) had &lt;25% response rate, whereas 55.6% of females had ≥75% response rate. There was no association between sex and reported sleep above or below recommended hours (χ22=2.25, p=0.32). There was no difference between median within-person weekday and weekend hours of sleep (t51=0.75, p=0.46).

Conclusion
Student-athletes generally self-reported obtaining the recommended total sleep; however, participation was variable as response frequency was ≥75% for one-third of student-athletes and females responded more often than males. This suggests future studies should validate the reliability of self-report with objective data in this population to obtain complete data to appropriately assess associations between habitual sleep patterns and injury risk, performance, and recovery outcomes.

Support (If Any)
Pilot funding through the Penn Injury Science Center (CDC R49 CE 003083) supported this study.
0149 Reliability of Heart Rate Variability during Stable and Disrupted Polysomnographic Sleep
Authors: Kerkering Emma , Greenlund Ian , Bigalke Jeremy , Migliaccio Gianna , Tikkanen Anne , Nicevski Jennifer , Carter Jason 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a common metric to estimate autonomic activity during sleep. Frequency-domain HRV is quantified as low (LF) and high (HF) frequency, whereas HRV time-domain indices include root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD), and percentage of successive R-R intervals differing by more than 50ms (pNN50). Despite high HRV use during sleep, it is unknown whether sleep disturbance changes overall reliability of frequency- and time-domain HRV. The purpose of this present study was to determine whether HRV was reliable across arousal-free and arousal-containing periods of sleep.

Methods
Twenty-seven participants (11 male, 16 female, 26±1 years, 27±1 kg/m2) were given an 8-hour sleep opportunity, equipped with continuous two-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and overnight polysomnography (PSG). The ECG recordings were analyzed via fast-Fourier transformation for frequency-domain HRV in a custom software as LF (0.04-0.15 Hz) and HF (0.15-0.4 Hz) HRV. Time-domain HRV was quantified as RMSSD and pNN50. Two separate stable sleep periods (range, 5-10min) absent of arousals were recorded, along with two separate disrupted periods of sleep with at least one arousal were selected in stage II sleep (N2), slow wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. LF and HF HRV was log10 transformed due to non-normal distribution. Statistical analysis included intraclass correlations (ICC) of HRV across the four stable and disrupted periods of sleep, with separate ICC analyses across sleep stages (α = 0.05).

Results
Time-domain measures (RRI, RMSSD, pNN50) were reliable across arousal-free and arousal-containing sleep cycles, for all three stages (ICC&gt;0.9, p&lt;0.05). HF HRV exhibited similar reliability patterns across N2 sleep (ICC=0.960, p&lt;0.001), SWS (ICC=0.955, p&lt;0.001), and REM sleep (ICC=0.924, p&lt;0.001). LF HRV was reliable in two stages of stable and disrupted sleep in N2 (ICC=0.903, p&lt;0.001), REM (ICC=0.907, p&lt;0.001) sleep, and trending in SWS (ICC=0.616, p=0.089) sleep.

Conclusion
Time- and frequency-domain HRV were reliable between stable sleep with and without cortical arousals, with the exception of LF HRV during SWS. Taken together, HRV may provide a reliable, indirect index of autonomic activity across stable and disrupted sleep.

Support (If Any)
Support: Support is provided by the National Institutes of Health (AA-024892; U54GM115371; P20GM103474).
0156 Rest-activity profiles among U.S. adults in a nationally representative sample: a functional principal component analysis
Authors: Xiao Qian , Lu Jiachen , Matthews Charles , Zeitzer Jamie , Saint-Maurice Pedro , Bauer Cici 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The 24-hour rest and activity behaviors are fundamental human behaviors essential to health and well-being. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) is a flexible approach for characterizing rest-activity rhythms and does not rely on a priori assumptions about the activity shape. The objective of our study is to apply fPCA to a nationally representative sample of American adults to characterize variations in the 24-hour rest-activity pattern, determine how the pattern differs according to demographic, socioeconomic and work characteristics, and examine its associations with general health status.

Methods
The current analysis used data from adults 25 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014). We applied fPCA to derive profiles of the rest-activity cycle for overall, weekday and weekend activity patterns. We examined the association between each rest-activity profile in relation to age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income and working status using multiple linear regression. We also used multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between each rest-activity profile and the likelihood of reporting poor or fair health.

Results
We identified four distinct profiles (i.e., high amplitude, early rise, prolonged activity window, biphasic pattern) that together accounted for 86.8% of total variation in the study sample. We identified numerous associations between each rest-activity profile and multiple sociodemographic characteristics. We also found evidence suggesting the associations differed between weekdays and weekends. Finally, we reported that the rest-activity profiles were associated with self-rated health.

Conclusion
Our study provided evidence suggesting that rest-activity patterns in human populations are shaped by multiple demographic, socioeconomic and work factors, and are correlated with health status.

Support (If Any)
0165 Prevalence of insomnia and/or obstructive sleep apnea in a sample of fit-for-duty U.S. Navy sailors
Authors: Lawrence-Sidebottom Darian , Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia are prevalent sleep disorders, known to negatively impact sleep and well-being in civilian populations. Studies of these sleep disorders in military populations have focused on individuals seeking treatment for a sleep disorder, rather than the general active-duty service member (ADSM). In this study, we investigated the prevalence of OSA and insomnia in U.S. Navy sailors serving on surface ships.

Methods
We analyzed pre-collected data from 548 fit-for-duty sailors (MD age=25 years, IQR=9; 79.4% males) serving on nine US Navy surface ships. Sailors reported their demographic information, health-related habits, and whether they had been diagnosed with OSA and/or insomnia. Sleep was assessed with wrist-worn actigraphy (371 sailors).

Results
Approximately 66.8% of sailors reported having an exercise routine, 83.6% reported drinking caffeinated beverages, and 29.1% used nicotine products. In terms of disorders, 15 (2.7%) male sailors reported having been diagnosed with OSA, 12 (2.2%) with insomnia (8 males, 4 females), and one (0.2%) male sailor with comorbid insomnia and OSA. Compared to sailors without a sleep disorder, sailors with OSA were older (MD=34 years, IQR=7; p&lt;0.001) and had a higher proportion of nicotine users (53.3%) (p=0.041). Sailors with insomnia did not differ from sailors with no sleep disorder in terms of demographics and habits. The average daily sleep duration was 6.4±1.0 hours, which did not differ between disorder groups. However, sailors with insomnia had more sleep episodes per day (MD=1.7; IQR=0.9) than sailors without a sleep disorder (MD=1.3, IQR=0.5; p=0.042).

Conclusion
Only ~5% of the sailors in our study reported a diagnosis of OSA and/or insomnia, whereas one in three people in the general population has a sleep disorder. Notably, all sailors, regardless of sleep disorder diagnosis, exhibited short sleep durations. Previous studies of ADSMs found that ~48% reported poor enough sleep quality to meet the diagnostic criteria for a sleep disorder. Thus, our results suggest that, despite evidence that many Sailors exhibited sleep problems, sleep disorders are significantly underdiagnosed in ADSMs.

Support (If Any)
This work was supported in part by the Naval Medical Research Center's Naval Advanced Medical Development Program (MIPR N3239820WXHN007).
0172 Behavioral Drive in Familial Natural Short Sleepers and Their Unaffected Family Members
Authors: Ashbrook Liza , Krystal Andrew , Fu Ying-Hui , Ptacek Louis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Those with familial natural short sleep (FNSS) report short sleep duration since youth. Mutations in four different genes in five families have been described leading to this autosomal dominant sleep pattern. Individuals with FNSS also have a cluster of other traits in addition to short sleep than can be termed “behavioral drive.” Here we describe a new behavioral drive scale that aims to capture the distinct phenotype of those with FNSS.

Methods
Individuals reporting fewer than 6.5 hours of sleep when allowed to sleep ad libitum without any sleep-related complaint were interviewed to determine FNSS affected status from 2009 to 2021. Seven distinct non-sleep related traits were selected by consensus within the study team based on interviews with participants. Participants provided a self-rating on their degree of energy, pain tolerance, physical activity, ability to handle stress, productivity, hours working, and mental activity compared to other of the same age. Symptoms of mania and ADHD were also rated.

Results
77 individuals meeting criteria for FNSS were enrolled along with 27 unaffected family members. Compared to unaffected family members, those with FNSS reported significantly more energy, pain tolerance, physical activity, ability to sit still, hours working, and mental activity. There was a trend towards significance for productivity. Four features of bipolar disorder were also queried, reckless decisions, rapid speech, impulsivity, and irritability, and there was no significant difference for any of these items between groups. Two symptoms of ADHD were included, concentration trouble and ability to sit still. Those with FNSS reported less concentration trouble than peers and an equal ability to sit still.

Conclusion
Those with FNSS have multiple distinct traits including greater energy, pain tolerance, physical activity, ability to handle stress, hours working, and mental activity compared to unaffected family. When grouped together these traits can be titled “behavioral drive.” Further work will aim for validation of this scale in gene carriers and larger populations.

Support (If Any)
This work was supported by NIH grants NS099333, NS072360 and NS104782 to L.J.P. and Y-H.F., and by the William Bowes Neurogenetics Fund to L.J.P. and Y.H.F.