bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance rejection based tracking control design for fuzzy switched systems with time‐varying delays and disturbances
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Harshavarthini Shanmugam , Mohanapriya Saminathan , Kwon Ohmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe disturbance rejection and tracking problem of T‐S fuzzy switched systems with uncertainties, input time‐varying delays and disturbances is addressed in this article. For that cause, a modified repetitive control protocol based on the improved‐equivalent‐input‐disturbance (IEID) estimator and extended Smith predictor approach has been proposed, which guarantees the perfect disturbance estimation and tracking performances with high precision. Specifically, by incorporating the transfer function of main feedback path in conventional Smith predictor block, the input time‐varying delays are effectively compensated. In the direction of estimating the disturbances, an active disturbance rejection technique called IEID estimator approach is precisely considered. By exploiting the output of the IEID estimator and parallel distributed compensation strategy, the fuzzy rule based modified repetitive control system is formulated. Further, by making use of Lyapunov method together with average dwell‐time approach, a set of sufficient conditions in the form of matrix inequalities are established. More respectively, by solving the developed matrix inequalities, the controller and observer gain matrices are determined. At last, the method proposed in this work is validated in terms of presenting the simulation results of two numerical examples, including boiler‐turbine system.
In Vitro Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Isolated Starch from Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum and Solanum subsp. andigena) Varieties Commercialized in the Andean Region: Ecuador
Authors: Jaramillo Diego A. , Peña‐González María A. , Paredes‐Escobar Mayra , Pérez‐González Andrés , Lazo‐Vélez Marco A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStarches from nine potato tubers marketed in Ecuador were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility, morphological, thermal, and pasting properties. Raw starches are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, but their digestibility increases significantly after gelatinization. Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) increases from 3.8 to 6.2 folds, while the contents of both slowly digestible starch at 120 min (SDS120) and 240 min (SDS240) decrease from 17.9–34%, and 10.2–34% (raw starch), to 11.2–20.1%, and 4.2–16% (gelatinized starches), respectively. Also, resistant starch (RS) content diminishes from 33.7–45.5% to 8.50–14.8%. In addition, total starch (86–95%), average granular size (26.2–47.23 µm), consists mainly of elliptical or ground granules, and pasting properties (Peak viscosity: 2400–3240 cP; final viscosity: 1236–3507 cP; breakdown: 2236–5424 cP; setback: 510–3477; and pasting temperature 60.6–66.2 °C) differed significantly (p < 0.5). Amylose (21.1–26.7%), and thermal properties (To: 57.1–62.3 °C; Tp: 58.2–63.9 °C; Tf: 59–64.9 °C), except gelatinization enthalpy (67.7–168.6 J g─1), do not differ significantly (p < 0.5). This study provides important information for developing products, mainly those with reduced starch digestibility, using different potato varieties.
Genome‐wide association mapping for field and seedling resistance to the emerging Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race TTRTF in wheat
Authors: Negash Tamrat , Edae Erena Aka , Tilahun Lidiya , Anderson James A. , Rouse Matthew N. , Bajgain Prabin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStem rust of wheat (Triticum spp.), caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is one of the most impactful wheat diseases because of its threat to global wheat production. While disease mitigation has primarily been achieved through the deployment of resistant wheat varieties, emerging new virulent races continue to pose risks to the crop. For example, races such as Ug99 (TTKSK), TKTTF, and TTRTF have caused epidemics in different wheat growing regions of the world in recent years. A continual search for new and effective sources of resistance is therefore necessary to safeguard wheat production. This study assessed a breeding panel from the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) wheat breeding program for seedling and field plant resistance to TTRTF and reports genomic regions conferring resistance to TTRTF. Trait correlations (r) were medium to strong (range = .38–.71) and heritabilities were moderate (.32–.56). Association analysis for resistance to TTRTF resulted in detection of 20 markers in 11 chromosomes; the marker S1B_175439851 was associated with resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. Models with two to four QTL combinations reduced seedling and field disease severity by 12–48 and 9–17%, respectively. Genomic prediction for TTRTF resistance resulted in low to moderately‐high predictions (mean correlations of .25–.47). Identification of resistant lines and QTL in the EIAR population is expected to assist in selection toward improved resistance to TTRTF. Specifically, the application of genomic selection (GS) in identifying resistant lines in future related breeding populations will further assist breeding efforts against this new stem rust pathogen race.
Conscious cognitive effort in cognitive control
Authors: Shepherd Joshua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCognitive effort is thought to be familiar in everyday life, ubiquitous across multiple variations of task and circumstance, and integral to cost/benefit computations that are themselves central to the proper functioning of cognitive control. In particular, cognitive effort is thought to be closely related to the assessment of cognitive control's costs. I argue here that the construct of cognitive effort, as it is deployed in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, is problematically unclear. The result is that talk of cognitive effort may paper over significant disagreement regarding the nature of cognitive effort, and its key functions for cognitive control. I highlight key points of disagreement, and several open questions regarding what causes cognitive effort, what cognitive effort represents, cognitive effort's relationship to action, and cognitive effort's relationship to consciousness. I also suggest that pluralism about cognitive effort—that cognitive effort may manifest as a range of intentional or non‐intentional actions the function of which is to promote greater success at paradigmatic cognitive control tasks—may be a fruitful and irenic way to conceive of cognitive effort. Finally, I suggest that recent trends in work on cognitive control suggests that we might fruitfully conceive of cognitive effort as one key node in a complex network of mental value, and that studying this complex network may illuminate the nature of cognitive control, and the role of consciousness in cognitive control's proper functioning.This article is categorized under:
Philosophy > Consciousness
Philosophy > Psychological Capacities
Neuroscience > Cognition
An Overview of STEM Education in Asia
Authors: Cheng May May Hung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis introduction chapter provides an overview of STEM education policies and curriculum initiatives in the Asian context. The three parts of this book are briefly introduced. There is then a summary and synthesis of relevant findings for each of the 14 chapters as well as a discussion linking the content of this book with the current development of STEM education research. Finally, implications, challenges and future directions for STEM education development and related research are proposed.
Energy functionals from Conformal Gravity
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Araya Ignacio J. , Olea Rodrigo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We provide a new derivation of the Hawking mass and Willmore energy functionals for asymptotically AdS spacetimes, by embedding Einstein-AdS gravity in Conformal Gravity. By construction, the evaluation of the four-dimensional Conformal Gravity action in a manifold with a conical defect produces a codimension-2 conformal invariant functional LΣ. The energy functionals are then particular cases of LΣ for Einstein-AdS and pure AdS ambient spaces, respectively. The bulk action is finite for AdS asymptotics and both Hawking mass and Willmore energy are finite as well. The result suggests a generic relation between conformal invariance and renormalization, where the codimension-2 properties are inherited from the bulk gravity action.
Supersymmetric Massive Gravity
Authors: Engelbrecht Laura , Jones Callum R. T. , Paranjape Shruti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe initiate a systematic study of the self-interactions of a massive spin-2 “graviton” consistent with up to$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetry. Using a recently developed massive on-shell superspace formalism, we construct the most general set of cubic massive graviton amplitudes in a form with all supersymmetry and Lorentz invariance manifest. We find that for$$ \mathcal{N} $$N≥3 supersymmetry, the family of consistent interactions coincide with those of the ghost-free dRGT model. For$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 (maximal) supersymmetry there is a single consistent cubic interaction which coincides with the unique structure required for the absence of asymptotic superluminality. Additionally, we discuss the structure of interactions in the high-energy limit, connections to supersymmetric Galileons and the possibility of a supersymmetric massive double copy.
Stationary states to a free boundary transmission problem for an electrostatically actuated plate
Authors: Laurençot Philippe , Walker Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA two-dimensional free boundary transmission problem arising in the modeling of an electrostatically actuated plate is considered and a representation formula for the derivative of the associated electrostatic energy with respect to the deflection of the plate is derived. The latter paves the way for the construction of energy minimizers and also provides the Euler–Lagrange equation satisfied by these minimizers. A by-product is the monotonicity of the electrostatic energy with respect to the deflection.
Revision ACL reconstruction using quadriceps, hamstring and patellar tendon autografts leads to similar functional outcomes but hamstring graft has a higher tendency of graft failure
Authors: Meena Amit , Farinelli Luca , Hoser Christian , Abermann Elisabeth , Raj Akshya , Hepperger Caroline , Herbort Mirco , Fink Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in the patient-reported functional outcomes, and graft failure in revision ACL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon (QT), Hamstring tendon (HT) and bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts.

Methods
Between 2010 and 2020, 97 patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction (40 patients received a QT, 26 an HT and 31 a BPTB graft) met the inclusion criteria. Pre-injury and at 2-year postoperatively patients were evaluated for patient-reported functional outcomes; Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity level and VAS (visual analogue scale) for pain; and graft failure. Patient-reported outcomes and graft failure were compared between the QT, HT and BPTB groups. The patients with graft failure were not included for outcome analysis at 2-years of follow-up.

Results
All three revision groups with QT, HT and BPTB autograft did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex, time from injury to surgery, concomitant injuries and single-stage or double-stage procedures (n.s.). No significant difference was found in the pre-injury patient-reported outcome; Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity and VAS for pain (n.s.) between the three groups. At the 2-year follow-up functional outcomes improved in all three groups and all the patients returned to pre-injury activity level; however, no significant difference was found in functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up between the three groups (n.s.). Graft failure occurred in 4 (10%), 5 (19%) and 3 (10%) patients of QT, HT and BPTB groups, respectively. However, the rate of failure did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion
All three autografts (QT, HT and BPTB) demonstrated satisfactory patient-reported outcomes in revision ACL reconstruction. Compared with QT and BPTB grafts, HT graft showed a higher tendency for failure rates. With the increasing incidence of revision ACL reconstruction, surgeons should be aware of all the available graft options. The findings of this study will assist the surgeons in the graft selection for revision ACL reconstruction.

Level of evidence
Level III.
The spatial extent of focused attention modulates attentional disengagement
Authors: Jefferies Lisa N. , Lawrence Rebecca , Conlon Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttention can be flexibly changed to optimize visual processing: it can be oriented, resized, or even divided. Although much is known about these processes individually, much less is known about how they interact with one another. In the present study we examined how the spatial extent of the attentional focus modulates the efficiency of the first component of attentional orienting, the disengagement of attention. To this end, we used abrupt-onset stimuli of different sizes to trigger the reflexive resizing of the attentional focus (Castiello and Umiltà in Acta Psychol 73:195–209, 1990), combined with a gap task to assess the efficiency of attentional disengagement (Mackeben and Nakayama in Vis Res 33:85–90, 1993). The results of five experiments showed that the magnitude of the gap effect is significantly greater when the scope of attention is small than when it is large, indicating that disengaging attention is delayed when attention is highly focused. Furthermore, these findings highlight that different aspects of attentional control interact with one another, emphasizing the importance of studying them in conjunction.
Aerobic fitness and fine motor skills are related to switching and updating in typically developing children
Authors: Klupp Stephanie , Grob Alexander , Möhring Wenke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMovement is essential for everyday life and closely related to cognitive skills. The aim of the current research was to investigate whether different aspects of physical activity, i.e., aerobic fitness and motor skills, contribute above and beyond each other to the variance in children’s executive functioning. Children aged 8–13 years (N = 129, 58 females, Mage = 10.7 years, SDage = 1.6 years) participated in the current cross-sectional study. Aerobic fitness was assessed by the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER). Motor skills were assessed using the standardized Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (M-ABC-2), including fine motor skills, balance skills, and object control. Components of executive functions (inhibition, switching, updating) were assessed using the following tasks: an animal Stroop task, a local–global task, and a 2n-back task. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to analyze the relative importance of aerobic fitness and motor skills for children’s executive functions. Results indicated that aerobic fitness and fine motor skills were significantly related to switching and updating, whereas relations to inhibition were non-significant. Furthermore, it was found that fine motor skills explained additional variance above aerobic fitness in switching and updating whereas aerobic fitness did not add additional variance above fine motor skills in switching and updating. Balance and object control skills were not related to the three core executive functions. Results support the notion that aerobic fitness and fine motor skills are differently related to executive functions and highlight the importance of considering multiple components of constructs in future research.
Alloying and Processing of Medium Manganese Steels for Forging Applications
Authors: Bleck Wolfgang , Allam Tarek , Gramlich Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe processability of medium Mn-containing steels (MMnS) with 4–10% Mn is discussed in light of their continuous casting behavior. Precipitation, phase transformation, extension, or shift of solidification intervals induced by various alloying concepts are decisive in controlling the hot ductility. It turns out that the formation of complex AlN and MnS precipitates as well as δ‑ferrite solidification deteriorates the high temperature ductility. The concept of MMnS has been used to develop air-hardening forging steels with 4% Mn. The alloy design and the heat treatment parameters have been varied with a focus on the prevention of Mn embrittlement as well as the formation of fine austenite grains during intercritical annealing. It is shown that the addition of B and Mo increases the impact toughness, although the effectiveness of each element varies depending on the heat treatment conditions. The impact toughness can be significantly improved by the introduction of a globular metastable austenitic phase. Compared to conventional quenched+tempered steels, an improved cyclic strength for an ultimate tensile strength level of more than 1300 MPa can be achieved.
Beyond anthropomorphising robot motion and towards robot-specific motion: consideration of the potential of artist—dancers in research on robotic motion
Authors: Abe Naoko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe design of robot motion is one of the most important questions in social robotics as it underpins successful human–robot interaction. Human-inspired motion design based on anthropomorphic models, through which human motion features are identified and implemented in a robot, is dominant in social robotics. The article considers perceptual, communicational and social dimensions of motion and suggests going beyond anthropomorphising robot motion and towards the quest of robot-specific motion. Robot-specific motion, as opposed to motion designed using an anthropomorphic model, can be characterised as motion that is designed and generated by robot features drawn through its mobility, materiality, and electro-mechanical ability. Through research on robot-specificity in motion it is possible to consider expressive and communicative features of motion independently of an anthropomorphic model. With this aim, the article stresses the importance of the artistic approach, especially in collaboration with dancers who are expert in motion, pointing out two specificities in art: non-efficiency centred approach and experiences. The article argues for renewing the traditional robotics approach by illustrating some artistic work and research which explore robot-specific motion.
Cayley fibrations in the Bryant–Salamon Spin(7) manifold
Authors: Trinca Federico 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOn each complete asymptotically conical $${{\,\mathrm{Spin}\,}}(7)$$

Spin

(
7
)

manifold constructed by Bryant and Salamon, including the asymptotic cone, we consider a natural family of $${{\,\mathrm{SU}\,}}(2)$$

SU

(
2
)

actions preserving the Cayley form. For each element of this family, we study the (possibly singular) invariant Cayley fibration, which we describe explicitly, if possible. These can be reckoned as generalizations of the trivial flat fibration of $${\mathbb {R}}^8$$

R

8

and the product of a line with the Harvey–Lawson coassociative fibration of $${\mathbb {R}}^7$$

R

7

. The fibres will provide new examples of asymptotically conical Cayley submanifolds in the Bryant–Salamon manifolds of topology $${\mathbb {R}}^4, {\mathbb {R}}\times S^3$$

R

4

,
R
×

S
3

and $${\mathcal {O}}_{{\mathbb {C}}{\mathbb {P}}^1} (-1)$$

O

C

P

1

(
-
1
)

.
Perception and Experience of Sexual and Gender Minority Korean Youth in School Counseling
Authors: Yi Hyun Ji , Shin Yun-Jeong , Min Yeseul , Jeong Jinwon , Jung Jilli , Kang Yoojin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo comprehensively explore the school counseling experience of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youths in South Korea, we interviewed 14 SGM youths about their school counseling experience and the climate of their schools toward SGM. Results showed that a hostile school climate and the accessibility, confidentiality, trustworthiness, and LGBTQ competency of school counselors drove the reluctance of these youths to receive school counseling services. Implications for the role of school counseling services for SGM youths were discussed based on the findings of this work and the suggestions offered by the interviewed SGM youths.
Logic Diagrams as Argument Maps in Eristic Dialectics
Authors: Lemanski Jens 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses a hitherto unknown technique of using logic diagrams to create argument maps in eristic dialectics. The method was invented in the 1810s and -20s by Arthur Schopenhauer, who is considered the originator of modern eristic. This technique of Schopenhauer could be interesting for several branches of research in the field of argumentation: Firstly, for the field of argument mapping, since here a hitherto unknown diagrammatic technique is shown in order to visualise possible situations of arguments in a dialogical controversy. Secondly, the art of controversy or eristic, since the diagrams do not analyse the truth of judgements and the validity of inferences, but the persuasiveness of arguments in a dialogue.
What’s that bug? Community participation in biosecurity in Mount Maunganui, New Zealand
Authors: Payne Penny R. , Finlay-Smits Susanna , Small Bruce , Cave Vanessa , Kean John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiosecurity is essential to protect against the negative effects of non-native invasive species. As part of the government’s ‘Biosecurity 2025’ Initiative to enlist all New Zealanders as biosecurity risk managers, Tauranga Moana has been named the ‘biosecurity capital’ of New Zealand. The initiative will involve large-scale citizen science, for reporting and management of pest and disease threats. In this context we measured baseline awareness, perceptions and behaviour around biosecurity among two key groups of respondents, the local community at Mount Maunganui (surrounding Tauranga’s port) and school children. An online survey was completed by 324 members of the local community, while 120 school children completed a survey about their biosecurity knowledge and behaviours after using a biosecurity education kit. Results indicate that while both groups report a relatively high level of understanding about the concept of biosecurity, and acknowledge it as extremely important, knowledge of current pest threats and correct biosecurity behaviours could be improved. Mount Maunganui community members rate their understanding of biosecurity as better than the average New Zealander, but are less likely to have taken regular biosecurity action in the past year. For school children, improved biosecurity efforts could be evidenced by more active pest monitoring, and greater discussion about biosecurity outside of school (e.g. with their family at home). Key enablers for achieving more impactful citizen science for biosecurity among these groups are targeted education, and practical advice about what they can do to help.