bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized hydrodynamics of the KdV soliton gas
Authors: Bonnemain Thibault , Doyon Benjamin , El Gennady 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe establish the explicit correspondence between the theory of soliton gases in classical integrable dispersive hydrodynamics, and generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), the hydrodynamic theory for many-body quantum and classical integrable systems. This is done by constructing the GHD description of the soliton gas for the Korteweg–de Vries equation. We further predict the exact form of the free energy density and flux, and of the static correlation matrices of conserved charges and currents, for the soliton gas. For this purpose, we identify the solitons’ statistics with that of classical particles, and confirm the resulting GHD static correlation matrices by numerical simulations of the soliton gas. Finally, we express conjectured dynamical correlation functions for the soliton gas by simply borrowing the GHD results. In principle, other conjectures are also immediately available, such as diffusion and large-deviation functions for fluctuations of soliton transport.
(Dis)assortative partitions on random regular graphs
Authors: Behrens Freya , Arpino Gabriel , Kivva Yaroslav , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the problem of assortative and disassortative partitions on random d-regular graphs. Nodes in the graph are partitioned into two non-empty groups. In the assortative partition every node requires at least H of their neighbors to be in their own group. In the disassortative partition they require less than H neighbors to be in their own group. Using the cavity method based on analysis of the belief propagation algorithm we establish for which combinations of parameters (d, H) these partitions exist with high probability and for which they do not. For

H
>

⌈

d

2

⌉

we establish that the structure of solutions to the assortative partition problems corresponds to the so-called frozen-one-step replica symmetry breaking. This entails a conjecture of algorithmic hardness of finding these partitions efficiently. For

H
⩽

⌈

d

2

⌉

we argue that the assortative partition problem is algorithmically easy on average for all d. Further we provide arguments about asymptotic equivalence between the assortative partition problem and the disassortative one, going through a close relation to the problem of single-spin-flip-stable states in spin glasses. In the context of spin glasses, our results on algorithmic hardness imply a conjecture that gapped single spin flip stable states are hard to find which may be a universal reason behind the observation that physical dynamics in glassy systems display convergence to marginal stability.
Detection of bacterial contaminants via frequency manipulation of amino-groups functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles based resonant sensor
Authors: Kale Vivek , Chavan Chetan , Bhapkar Sunil , Girija K G , Kale S N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bacterial infections have a large impact on public health. Through this study, we report on the development of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) supplemented by functionalized nanoparticles to detect bacteria in the aqueous medium. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were functionalized with amino groups using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to form (APTES@Fe3O4) nanoparticles, which have a specific affinity towards the bacterial species. This affinity was evaluated using the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacterial species. The resonant sensor was tuned at 430 MHz and the CSRR sensor bed was further activated using APTES@Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Bacterial detection was studied over a range of concentrations from 2.66 × 109 cells to 2.66 × 108 cells. The sensor actively responded to small changes in bacterial concentration, showing an overall shift in resonance frequency of ∼44 MHz (∼40 MHz/cell count) for E. coli and ∼55 MHz (50.43 MHz/cell count) for S. aureus. Dextran sulphate and Chitosan were used as the references. The magnetic character of the conjugated system exhibited strong interaction of the bacterial species with APTES@Fe3O4, justifying the high selectivity towards these species. This demonstrates the feasibility of a sensitive, fast, portable device, against the traditionally used time-consuming bio-assays.
FSS bandwidth design using miniaturized elements for angular stability in transmission
Authors: Littman Nickolas , O’Keefe Steven G , Galehdar Amir , Espinosa Hugo G , Thiel David V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) are commonly employed at microwave frequencies in electromagnetic filtering applications. This paper reports the use of cascaded dual miniaturized elements for radio secure environments where miniaturized elements have been used creating a reduced unit cell (<0.1 wavelengths), and exceptional angular stability. Thin, flexible and optically transparent FSS samples were fabricated by laser engraving elements into a conductive aluminium layer, with a supporting Mylar substrate (relative permittivity 2.7), and thickness of 65 μm. The linearly polarized transmission response was investigated numerically by exploring the scattering parameters and the surface currents at resonance. Miniaturized elements in both single and cascaded FSS structures, have been explored to create both broadband and multiband responses across the L and S frequency bands. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement for the fabricated dual element dual layer translated band-stop FSS, displaying a resonant frequency reduction of 70% compared to a square loop with the same dimensions, along with significantly broad operation bandwidths of 118% and 104% for simulated and measured, respectively. These improvements were due to the selection of the individual elements in the array, their geometric arrangement, and the introduction of additional layers with lateral offsets.
Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction by rotating apertures
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rhitabrata , Bhattacharyya Saugata , Biswas Shyamal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We have analytically explored the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction for various rotating apertures such as rotating single-slit, rotating double-slit, rotating linear diffraction grating, and rotating regular polygonal aperture. Here the apertures are considered to be uniformly rotating along the axes perpendicular to the plane of the apertures and the diffracted fields are analysed in the far-field zone. We have compared the time-averaged intensity distributions for the rotating apertures with the intensity distributions for static circular apertures of the same area. We also have obtained angular speed of rotation dependent Fraunhofer diffraction formulae for the rotating apertures, in particular, the rotating single-slit, the rotating double-slit, and the rotating linear diffraction grating.
Effectiveness of emissions standards on automotive evaporative emissions in Europe under normal and extreme temperature conditions
Authors: Tipton Matthew J , Lathem Terry L , Fu Joshua S , Tschantz Michael F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are primary precursors for the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol which contribute to increased public health risks. Throughout Europe, passenger vehicles contribute significantly to NMVOC emissions due to automotive evaporative emissions controls that are less stringent than those in the United States, Canada, China, and Brazil. Evaporative NMVOC emissions increase significantly, and associated air quality impacts are exacerbated, during periods of high temperature such as heatwaves, which continue to increase in frequency, duration, and intensity. Adoption of strict evaporative emission standards and controls such as onboard refueling vapor recovery systems (ORVR) can significantly reduce evaporative emissions during such events; however, emissions inventories used to inform policy decisions are developed using average temperature profiles which fail to capture the impact of heatwave events on evaporative emissions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the previous generation (Euro5), current (Euro6d), and proposed (Euro7) emission control standards on evaporative emissions at high temporal and spatial resolution in western and central Europe during July 2019, a month in which a significant heatwave swept through the region. Using temperatures obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with observation data and an improved method for estimating evaporative emissions, it is estimated that per-vehicle evaporative NMVOC emissions within the study domain and period are reduced by 25.0% under current Euro6d standards and controls relative to Euro5 standards, and that proposed Euro7 controls, including ORVR, would provide an additional 35.3% emissions reduction relative to Euro6d. During heatwave periods, Euro7 controls demonstrate improved attenuation of temperature-driven emissions increases relative to Euro6d controls, with associated emissions within the study period and domain increasing by 23.4% on average under Euro7 controls versus 29.4% under Euro6d controls. While this study does not quantify the effect of heatwaves and emissions controls on total annual emissions, the results for the study period of July 2019, combined with the low implementation cost of proposed Euro7 evaporative controls and projected continued dominance of petrol vehicles in the European fleet through the middle of this century, suggest that significant NMVOC emissions reductions and associated air quality and health impacts are achievable through the adoption of these more stringent standards and control systems.
Fabrication of Al-Ni-Al2O3 metal matrix composite coating on AA1100 wrought aluminium alloy by Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) coating technique
Authors: Kumar Anand , Kumar Das Anil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present paper describes about the Al-Ni-Al2O3 composite coating, which was developed on AA1100 aluminium alloy by gas tungsten arc (GTA) cladding method. The coating was developed by use of different composition of Al, Ni and Al2O3 mixed powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to examine the microstructure and phase formation of the coating. Vickers microhardness and dry sliding wear test were used to study the mechanical and tribological properties of the coated layer under various normal loading conditions. It was observed that the increase in percentage composition of Al2O3 improved the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the coated layer. It was found that due to the development of Al2O3 reinforced intermetallic matrix composite the hardness and wear resistance of coated layer increased as compare to the AA11000 aluminium alloy substrate. It was also found that due to these phases the coefficient of friction of coated layer was lower than the substrate and the wear resistance of coated layer was higher than that of the substrate. The maximum hardness of coated layer was found to be nearly 26 times higher than that of the AA1100 aluminium alloy substrate. Also, the wear resistance of coated layer was nearly five to eight times higher than that of the AA1100 aluminium alloy substrate.
Contribution of Increases in Late Systolic Ejection Volume to the Impact of Heart Rate on Central Arterial Pulse Pressure in a Community Sample
Authors: Mthembu Nonhlanhla , Norton Gavin R , Peterson Vernice R , Naran Ravi , Yusuf Suraj M , Tade Grace , Bello Hamza , Bamaiyi Adamu , Libhaber Carlos D , Dessein Patrick , Peters Ferande , Sareli Pinhas , Woodiwiss Angela J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A lower heart rate (HR) increases left ventricular (LV) ejection volume. Whether this contributes to the adverse effects of HR on central pulse pressure (PPc) through reservoir volume effects is uncertain.

METHODS
Using noninvasive central pressure, aortic velocity, and diameter measurements in the outflow tract (echocardiography), we assessed the role of LV ejection volume as a determinant of HR relations with PPc in 824 community participants.

RESULTS
A lower HR was independently associated with both stroke volume (SV) (P &lt; 0.001) and a shift in ejection volume from early (until the first systolic shoulder) to late (from first systolic shoulder to peak PP) systole (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.005). Adjustments for LV end diastolic volume markedly diminished HR relations with SV and indexes of the shift in ejection volume to late systole. A lower HR was also independently associated with increases in forward traveling pressure waves (Pf) and PPc (P &lt; 0.0001). However, adjustments for neither SV, nor indexes of a shift in ejection volume to late systole modified HR-Pf or PPc relations. This was despite relationships between indexes of a shift in ejection volume to late systole and both Pf and PPc (P &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, adjustments for the increases in re-reflected and backward traveling wave pressures with a lower HR, eliminated HR-Pf and PPc relations.

CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to current thought, a lower HR is not associated with increases in PPc through an impact of increases in late systolic ejection volume on aortic reservoir volume, but rather through increases in backward wave pressures.
The Children of Other Lands and the Strategic Dissonance of Migrant Marginality
Authors: Miller Joshua L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay takes up a long-forgotten book series to argue for an overlooked historical role of early migrant narratives. These works pursued innovative formal experimentation in the era of literary realism rather than obsolete realist techniques in the time of modernisms. Migrant writers adapted techniques drawn from naturalism (by exchanging radical contingency for determinism) to depict lives buffeted by unpredictable global as well as national forces. These authors infused their works with productive distortion, turning the methods of anthropology and sociology into offbeat narratives that loop time, shuffle perspectives, mix genres and use photographs that interrogate their own evidentiary status. Not only did these writers anticipate later narrative modes of prominent modernists and postmodernists, but they also developed forms and aesthetics that long predate innovations by twentieth-century writers of migrancy, such as Carlos Bulosan and Maxine Hong Kingston. Despite twenty-first century expectations that earlier eras had simpler notions of transnational subjectivity, early US migrant narratives not only eschewed the unified paradigms formulated by contemporaries, but the emergent genre of migrant narrative preceded those paradigms. To combat the massification of immigrant experience, migrant intellectuals fashioned self-reflexive narrative forms to represent their native-informant narrator-protagonists simultaneously as both social scientific observers and the objects of analysis.
Despite twenty-first century expectations that earlier eras had simpler notions of transnational subjectivity, early US migrant narratives not only eschewed the unified paradigms formulated by contemporaries, but . . . preceded those paradigms and actively, if vainly, sought to counter [them].
Racial Capitalism and the Border
Authors: Hyoung Song Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat is racial capitalism? This is a term that comes up frequently in the articles in this all-too-timely special essay on Exiles, Migrants, and Refugees. With the help of Cedric Robinson, Jodi Melamed, and Robin D. G. Kelley—and loosely modeled on Ruth Wilson Gilmore’s famous definition of racism—this commentary defines racial capitalism as a system for the production of surplus value through the maintenance and exaggeration of human group differences, made possible by the movement of large groups of people. The commentary then considers how this term guides the contributors of this special issue in thinking about a wide range of historical periods, geographical locations, and groups of people as they have experienced, again and again, a physical mobility that has been coerced or compulsory more often than voluntary. As much as racial capitalism might keep such groups apart from others, it also brings them into contact with one another and makes new social relations possible. It concludes with a call for greater attention to climate change and its significance for understanding the growing strength of anti-immigrant populism and the militarization of national borders all over the world.
scWMC: weighted matrix completion-based imputation of scRNA-seq data via prior subspace information
Authors: Su Yanchi , Wang Fuzhou , Zhang Shixiong , Liang Yanchun , Wong Ka-Chun , Li Xiangtao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can provide insight into gene expression patterns at the resolution of individual cells, which offers new opportunities to study the behavior of different cell types. However, it is often plagued by dropout events, a phenomenon where the expression value of a gene tends to be measured as zero in the expression matrix due to various technical defects.ResultsIn this article, we argue that borrowing gene and cell information across column and row subspaces directly results in suboptimal solutions due to the noise contamination in imputing dropout values. Thus, to impute more precisely the dropout events in scRNA-seq data, we develop a regularization for leveraging that imperfect prior information to estimate the true underlying prior subspace and then embed it in a typical low-rank matrix completion-based framework, named scWMC. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we conduct comprehensive experiments on simulated and real scRNA-seq data. Extensive data analysis, including simulated analysis, cell clustering, differential expression analysis, functional genomic analysis, cell trajectory inference and scalability analysis, demonstrate that our method produces improved imputation results compared to competing methods that benefits subsequent downstream analysis.Availability and implementationThe source code is available at https://github.com/XuYuanchi/scWMC and test data is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6832477.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The effect of orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kouskoura Thaleia , Ochsner Tatjana , Verna Carlalberta , Pandis Nikolaos , Kanavakis Georgios 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Background
Facial and smile attractiveness are significant motivating factor for patients to seek orthodontic treatment. Although there is a general belief that orthodontic treatment improves facial appearance, this has yet not been systematically evaluated.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the current evidence on the effect of orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness.

Search Methods
Systematic and unrestricted search of nine databases were performed up to January 2022.

Selection Criteria
Studies evaluating facial attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment.

Data Collection and Analysis
Extracted data included study design and setting, sample size and demographics, malocclusion type, treatment modality, and method for outcome assessment. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies and with RoB-2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed.

Results
Twenty studies were included in data synthesis; three randomized controlled clinical trials and 17 non-randomized clinical studies of retrospective or prospective design. One of the RCTs was found to have low risk of bias, one presented some concerns and the third showed a high risk of bias. All non-randomized studies showed either unclear or high risk of bias. Data syntheses showed that orthodontic treatment improved facial attractiveness ratings by 9% when compared with untreated controls (MD: 9.05/95% CI: 4.71; 13.39). A combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery also showed a positive effect of 5.5% (MD: 5.51/95% CI: 1.55; 9.47) when compared with orthodontic treatment alone. There was no difference in effect between extraction and non-extraction treatments (MD: −0.89/ 95% CI: −8.72; 6.94) or between different types of Class II correctors (MD: 2.21/95% CI: −16.51; 20.93).

Limitations
With the exception of two RCTs, included studies were of unclear or low quality.

Conclusions
Orthodontic treatment has a clinically weak effect on facial attractiveness when compared to no treatment. The same is true when a combined orthodontic/surgical treatment is compared to orthodontics alone.

Registration
PROSPERO #: CRD42020169904
Selfish evolution of placental hormones
Authors: Keegan Grace , Patten Manus M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We hypothesize that some placental hormones—specifically those that arise by tandem duplication of genes for maternal hormones—may behave as gestational drivers, selfish genetic elements that encourage the spontaneous abortion of offspring that fail to inherit them. Such drivers are quite simple to evolve, requiring just three things: a decrease in expression or activity of some essential maternal hormone during pregnancy; a compensatory increase in expression or activity of the homologous hormone by the placenta; and genetic linkage between the two effects. Gestational drive may therefore be a common selection pressure experienced by any of the various hormones of mammalian pregnancy that have arisen by tandem gene duplication. We examine the evolution of chorionic gonadotropin in the human lineage in light of this hypothesis. Finally, we postulate that some of the difficulties of human pregnancy may be a consequence of the action of selfish genes.
Clinical applications of heart rhythm monitoring tools in symptomatic patients and for screening in high-risk groups
Authors: Carrington Mafalda , Providência Rui , Chahal C Anwar A , Ricci Fabrizio , Epstein Andrew E , Gallina Sabina , Fedorowski Artur , Sutton Richard , Khanji Mohammed Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent technological advances have facilitated and diversified the options available for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. Ranging from simple resting or exercise electrocardiograms to more sophisticated and expensive smartphones and implantable cardiac monitors. These tests and devices may be used for varying periods of time depending on symptom frequency. The choice of the most appropriate heart rhythm test should be guided by clinical evaluation and optimized following accurate characterization of underlying symptoms, ‘red flags’, risk factors, and consideration of cost-effectiveness of the different tests. This review provides evidence-based guidance for assessing suspected arrhythmia in patients who present with symptoms or in the context of screening, such as atrial fibrillation or advanced conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk groups. This is intended to help clinicians choose the most appropriate diagnostic tool to facilitate the management of patients with suspected arrhythmias.