bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Diversity of the TopoVI and TopoVI-like Subunits With Extensive Divergence of the TOPOVIBL subunit
Authors: Brinkmeier Julia , Coelho Susana , de Massy Bernard , Bourbon Henri-Marc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases regulate topology by double-stranded DNA cleavage and ligation. The TopoVI family of DNA topoisomerase, first identified and biochemically characterized in Archaea, represents, with TopoVIII and mini-A, the type IIB family. TopoVI has several intriguing features in terms of function and evolution. TopoVI has been identified in some eukaryotes, and a global view is lacking to understand its evolutionary pattern. In addition, in eukaryotes, the two TopoVI subunits (TopoVIA and TopoVIB) have been duplicated and have evolved to give rise to Spo11 and TopoVIBL, forming TopoVI-like (TopoVIL), a complex essential for generating DNA breaks that initiate homologous recombination during meiosis. TopoVIL is essential for sexual reproduction. How the TopoVI subunits have evolved to ensure this meiotic function is unclear. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic conservation of TopoVI and TopoVIL. We demonstrate that BIN4 and RHL1, potentially interacting with TopoVIB, have co-evolved with TopoVI. Based on model structures, this observation supports the hypothesis for a role of TopoVI in decatenation of replicated chromatids and predicts that in eukaryotes the TopoVI catalytic complex includes BIN4 and RHL1. For TopoVIL, the phylogenetic analysis of Spo11, which is highly conserved among Eukarya, highlighted a eukaryal-specific N-terminal domain that may be important for its regulation. Conversely, TopoVIBL was poorly conserved, giving rise to ATP hydrolysis-mutated or -truncated protein variants, or was undetected in some species. This remarkable plasticity of TopoVIBL provides important information for the activity and function of TopoVIL during meiosis.
Plant Growth Hormones and Nanomaterial Interface: Exploring the connection from development to defense
Authors: Kandhol Nidhi , Singh Vijay Pratap , White Jason C , Tran Lam-Son Phan , Tripathi Durgesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The global increase in nanotechnology applications has been unprecedented and has now moved into the area of agriculture and food production. Applications with promising potential in sustainable agriculture include nanobiosensors, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nano-mediated remediation strategies for contaminated soils and nanoscale strategies to increase crop production and protection. Given this, the impact of nanomaterials/nanoparticles (NPs) on plant species needs to be thoroughly evaluated as this represents a critical interface between the biosphere and the environment. Importantly, phytohormones represent a critical class of biomolecules to plant health and productivity; however, the impact of NPs on these molecules is poorly understood. In addition, phytohormones, and associated pathways, are widely explored in agriculture to influence several biological processes for the improvement of plant growth and productivity under natural as well as stressed conditions. However, the impact of exogenous applications of phytohormones on NP-treated plants has not been explored. The importance of hormone signaling and cross-talk with other metabolic systems makes these biomolecules ideal candidates for a thorough assessment of NP impacts on plant species. This article presents a critical evaluation of the existing yet limited literature available on NP–phytohormone interactions in plants. In addition, the developing strategy of nano-enabled precision delivery of phytohormones via nanocarriers will be explored. Finally, directions for future research and critical knowledge gaps will be identified for this important aspect of nano-enabled agriculture.
Integration of Auxin, Brassinosteroid and Cytokinin in the Regulation of Rice Yield
Authors: Gupta Aarti , Bhardwaj Mamta , Tran Lam-Son Phan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Crop varieties with a high yield are most desirable in the present context of the ever-growing human population. Mostly, the yield traits are governed by a complex of numerous molecular and genetic facets modulated by various quantitative trait loci (QTLs). With the identification and molecular characterizations of yield-associated QTLs over recent years, the central role of phytohormones in regulating plant yield is becoming more apparent. Most often, different groups of phytohormones work in close association to orchestrate yield attributes. Understanding this cross talk would thus provide new venues for phytohormone pyramiding by editing a single gene or QTL(s) for yield improvement. Here, we review a few important findings to integrate the knowledge on the roles of auxin, brassinosteroid and cytokinin and how a single gene or a QTL could govern cross talk among multiple phytohormones to determine the yield traits.
Microstructural Evidence for the Fluid Dynamical Behaviour in Vertically and Laterally Propagated Dykes of the British and Irish Paleogene Igneous Province
Authors: Holness Marian B 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA detailed study of dykes from the British and Irish Paleogene Igneous Province, with the Birdsboro dyke of the Newark Basin, USA, as a comparison, shows that microstructures vary systematically as a function of distance from the parent igneous complex. Proximal dykes (both those that propagated vertically and the proximal exposures of laterally propagated dykes) have invariant plagioclase grain shape and a generally coarse grain size, consistent with sustained convection during solidification. In contrast, distal exposures of laterally propagated dykes are generally finer grained and have a systematic spatial variation of plagioclase grain shape indicative of in situ nucleation and growth on inwards-propagating solidification fronts. These differences are argued to be a consequence of a systematic progression in the level of exposure along the dyke swarm, due to differential uplift and erosion associated with underplating of the NW parts of the British Isles. Convection in vertically propagated dykes is likely to occur throughout the full height of the intrusion, but is confined to the wider regions of laterally propagating dykes, with little or no convection in their narrower upper regions. There are generally no marginal reversals in the variation of plagioclase shape in dykes, indicative of relatively rapid emplacement of vertical intrusions compared to sills of comparable thickness. Comparison of plagioclase grain shape in dykes with invariant grain shape with that in bodies for which solidification is inferred to have occurred in marginal solidification fronts may be used to constrain the average width of the convective system. The Birdsboro dyke is anomalously fine grained compared to other dykes with invariant plagioclase grain shape, indicating that a coarse grain size is not a universal characteristic of convecting dykes: the relatively fine grain size is suggestive of a high crystal load, perhaps due to it forming part of an extensive sill complex.
The OPEN STOMATA1–SPIRAL1 module regulates microtubule stability during abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Pan , Qi Sijia , Wang Xiaohong , Dou Liru , Jia Meng-ao , Mao Tonglin , Guo Yushuang , Wang Xiangfeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Drought stress triggers abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells and induces stomatal closure to prevent water loss in land plants. Stomatal movement is accompanied by reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Cortical microtubules disassemble in response to ABA, which is required for stomatal closure. However, how ABA signaling regulates microtubule disassembly is unclear, and the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) involved in this process remain to be identified. In this study, we show that OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), a central component in ABA signaling, mediates microtubule disassembly during ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified the MAP SPIRAL1 (SPR1) as the substrate of OST1. OST1 interacts with and phosphorylates SPR1 at Ser6, which promotes the disassociation of SPR1 from microtubules and facilitates microtubule disassembly. Compared with the wild type, the spr1 mutant exhibited significantly greater water loss and reduced ABA responses, including stomatal closure and microtubule disassembly in guard cells. These phenotypes were restored by introducing the phosphorylated active form of SPR1. Our findings demonstrate that SPR1 positively regulates microtubule disassembly during ABA-induced stomatal closure, which depends on OST1-mediated phosphorylation. These findings reveal a specific connection between a core component of ABA signaling and MAPs.
An Argument from Proof Theory against Implicit Conventionalism
Authors: Golan Rea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Conventionalism about logic is the view that logical principles hold in virtue of some linguistic conventions. According to explicit conventionalism, these conventions have to be stipulated explicitly. Explicit conventionalism is subject to a famous criticism by Quine, who accused it of leading to an infinite regress. In response to the criticism, several authors have suggested reconstructing conventionalism as implicit in our linguistic behaviour. In this paper, drawing on a distinction from proof theory between derivable and admissible rules, I argue that implicit conventionalism has not been stated in a sufficiently precise way, as it leaves open what one needs to say about admissible yet underivable rules. Moreover, it turns out that this challenge cannot be easily met, and that any attempt to meet the challenge makes conventionalism much less attractive a thesis.
Do Cash Windfalls Affect Wages? Evidence from R&D Grants to Small Firms
Authors: Howell Sabrina T , Brown J David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper examines how employee earnings respond to a one-time cash flow shock in the form of a government R&D grant. In a regression discontinuity design, we find that the grant immediately increases average annual employee-level earnings by 2.9$\%$. This benefit accrues only to incumbent employees and rises with job tenure. The grant also affects firm growth, but the initial wage patterns do not appear to reflect growth or productivity. Instead, the evidence supports implicit equity financing within the firm, where employees initially accept lower wages from financially constrained firms and earn more when the firm has ability to pay.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Factors That Impact Caseload and Case Acuity in Outpatient Mental Health and Family Maltreatment
Authors: Nichols Sara R , Hart Ronald , Dills Ashley , Heyman Richard , Slep Amy , Collins Pamela 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Providing high-quality and cost-effective services in family and mental health treatment programs is difficult. There is an elusive balance between (a) maximizing patients served and positive patient outcomes and (b) minimizing provider burnout and turnover. Agencies often implicitly assume that all cases require equivalent provider time and effort and thus assign cases solely to balance each provider’s caseload numbers. However, this assumption ignores factors that can lead to substandard treatment and provider burnout. This study identifies factors that contribute to case complexity and difficulty as part of a program of research to develop a weighted case-demandingness model in outpatient mental health and family maltreatment services in the U.S. Air Force. Focus groups with providers revealed distinct themes related to caseload and effective time management. The generalizability of the findings was tested quantitatively among a larger sample of providers. Results indicate the need to consider environmental, structural, and individual patient factors when determining patient acuity and caseload.
Delayed Lexical Access and Cascading Effects on Spreading Semantic Activation During Spoken Word Recognition in Children With Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants: Evidence From Eye-Tracking
Authors: Klein Kelsey E. , Walker Elizabeth A. , McMurray Bob 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of real-time lexical access, including lexical competition among phonologically similar words, and spreading semantic activation in school-age children with hearing aids (HAs) and children with cochlear implants (CIs). We hypothesized that developing spoken language via degraded auditory input would lead children with HAs or CIs to adapt their approach to spoken word recognition, especially by slowing down lexical access.

Design:
Participants were children ages 9- to 12-years old with normal hearing (NH), HAs, or CIs. Participants completed a Visual World Paradigm task in which they heard a spoken word and selected the matching picture from four options. Competitor items were either phonologically similar, semantically similar, or unrelated to the target word. As the target word unfolded, children’s fixations to the target word, cohort competitor, rhyme competitor, semantically related item, and unrelated item were recorded as indices of ongoing lexical access and spreading semantic activation.

Results:
Children with HAs and children with CIs showed slower fixations to the target, reduced fixations to the cohort competitor, and increased fixations to the rhyme competitor, relative to children with NH. This wait-and-see profile was more pronounced in the children with CIs than the children with HAs. Children with HAs and children with CIs also showed delayed fixations to the semantically related item, although this delay was attributable to their delay in activating words in general, not to a distinct semantic source.

Conclusions:
Children with HAs and children with CIs showed qualitatively similar patterns of real-time spoken word recognition. Findings suggest that developing spoken language via degraded auditory input causes long-term cognitive adaptations to how listeners recognize spoken words, regardless of the type of hearing device used. Delayed lexical access directly led to delays in spreading semantic activation in children with HAs and CIs. This delay in semantic processing may impact these children’s ability to understand connected speech in everyday life.
Uveitis in Behçet disease - an update
Authors: Tugal-Tutkun Ilknur 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Uveitis is a major manifestation of Behçet disease (BD) and potentially has a high morbidity. This article reviews recently published data on BD uveitis.

Recent findings
A set of classification criteria and a diagnostic algorithm have been developed for BD uveitis. Recent reports have confirmed male predominance and posterior segment inflammation in the majority of BD uveitis patients. A high uveitis attack severity score, fluorescein angiographic leakage at the posterior pole, and disruption of outer retinal layers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) predict poor visual outcome. OCT-angiography studies have suggested subclinical changes of retinal capillaries in patients with or without ocular involvement. In a randomized controlled trial, interferon-α was superior to cyclosporine. Favorable outcomes were reported with earlier initiation, optimization, and withdrawal of infliximab after remission. Adalimumab as first-line was superior to conventional therapy.

Summary
Classification criteria will be used to select a homogeneous group of patients for research and the diagnostic algorithm may help ophthalmologists predict the probability of BD uveitis based on ocular findings. Fluorescein angiography and OCT are the routine imaging modalities. Clinical relevance of OCT-angiography is unclear. Interferon-α, infliximab, and adalimumab have proven superior efficacy compared to conventional therapy.
The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous and Over the Hip (LOH) Block for the Surgical Management of Hip Fractures: A Safe and Effective Anesthetic Strategy
Authors: Deemer Alexa R. , Furgiuele David L. , Ganta Abhishek , Leucht Philipp , Konda Sanjit , Tejwani Nirmal C. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
To examine the efficacy of regional anesthesia with sedation only for a variety of hip fractures using the newly described lateral femoral cutaneous with over the hip (LOH) block.

Design:
Retrospective

Setting:
Orthopedic specialty hospital

Patients/Participants:
40 patients who presented between November 2021 and February 2022 for fixation of OTA/AO 31.A1-3 and 31.B1-3 fractures. Matched cohorts of 40 patients who received general anesthesia and 40 patients who received spinal anesthesia for hip fracture fixation were also used.

Intervention:
Operative fixation under LOH block and sedation only. The LOH block is a regional hip analgesic that targets the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, articular branches of femoral nerve, and accessory obturator nerve.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Demographics, intraoperative characteristics, anesthesia-related complications, hospital quality metrics, and short-term mortality and reoperation rates.

Results:
A total of 120 patients (40 each: general, spinal, and LOH block) were compared. The cohorts were similar in age, race, body mass index, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, trauma risk score, ambulatory status at baseline, fracture type, and surgical fixation technique performed. Physiologic parameters during surgery were more stable in the LOH block cohort (P < 0.05). Total OR time and anesthesia time were the shortest for the LOH block cohort (P < 0.05). Patients in the LOH block cohort also had lower postoperative pain scores (P < 0.05). Length of hospital stay was the shortest for patients in the LOH block cohort (P < 0.05), and during discharge, patients in the LOH block cohort ambulated the furthest (P < 0.05). No differences were found for anesthesia-related complications, palliative care consults, major and minor hospital complications, discharge disposition, reoperation and readmission rates, and mortality rates.

Conclusions:
The LOH block is safe and effective anesthesia for the treatment of all types of hip fractures in the elderly patients requiring surgery. In addition, this block may decrease postoperative pain and length of hospital stay, and allow for greater ambulation in the early postoperative period for patients with hip fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Peripheral Nerve Block on the Quality of Care After Ankle Fracture Surgery: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Entezari Bahar , Gleicher Yehoshua , Matelski John , Isaac Wolfstadt Jesse 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
To increase peripheral nerve block (PNB) administration for ankle fracture surgeries (AFSs) at our institution to above 50% by January 1st, 2021.

Design:
Longitudinal, single-center quality improvement study conducted at a high-volume tertiary care center.

Patients:
All patients undergoing isolated AFS for unimalleolar, bimalleolar, or trimalleolar ankle fracture from July 2017 to April 2021 were included in this study.

Intervention:
Interventions implemented to minimize barriers for PNB administration included recruitment and training of expert anesthesiologists in regional anesthesia, procurement of ultrasound machines, implementation of a dedicated block room, and creation of a pamphlet for patients describing multimodal analgesia.

Main Outcome Measurement:
The primary outcome was the percentage of patients receiving PNB for AFS. Secondary outcomes included hospital length-of-stay, postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption (mean oral morphine equivalent [OME]), proportion of patients not requiring opioid analgesic in PACU, and PACU and 24-hour postoperative nausea/vomiting requiring antiemetic.

Results:
The PNB and non-PNB groups included 78 and 157 patients, respectively. PNB administration increased from <5% to 53% after implementation of the improvement bundle. Mean PACU and 24-hour opioid analgesic consumption was lower in the PNB group (PACU OME 38.96 mg vs. 55.42 mg, P = 0.001; 24-hour OME 50.83 mg vs. 65.69 mg, P = 0.008). A greater proportion of patients in the PNB group did not require PACU opioids (62.8% vs. 27.4%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
By performing a root cause analysis and implementing a multidisciplinary, patient-centered improvement bundle, we increased PNB administration for AFSs, resulting in reduced postoperative opioid analgesia consumption.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Participation and Motor Abilities in Children Aged 5 to 9 Years With Idiopathic Clubfeet After Treatment With the Ponseti Method
Authors: van Dijk Lianne S. , Besselaar Arnold T. , Grin Lianne , Wijnands Saskia D.N. , Vanwanseele Benedicte , van der Steen Maria C. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Clubfoot Centres
Published: October 2022

Background:
Functioning in children consists of different aspects, including their ability to execute activities and participate in life situations. Several studies on children with clubfeet showed limited motor abilities and walking capacity compared with healthy control children, while other studies showed comparable athletic abilities and gross motor development. Although participation in activities of daily life plays an important role in the development of children, this has not yet been investigated in children with clubfeet. The study aims to determine the level of parents’ perceived motor ability and participation in Ponseti-treated children with clubfeet compared with age-matched healthy controls.

Methods:
Parents of children aged 5 to 9 years with and without idiopathic Ponseti-treated clubfeet were asked to complete an online questionnaire about their child’s motor abilities and participation level using the Dutch version of the Assessment of Life Habits for Children (LIFE-H) version 3 to assess participation and the Dutch Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist (MABC-2 Checklist) to assess motor abilities. Statistical analysis focused on differences between groups and the relationship between motor abilities and level of participation.

Results:
Questionnaires of 86 children with clubfeet (mean age 7.1, 73% boys) and 62 controls (age 6.7, 53% boys) were analyzed. Despite a large variation, results showed no significant differences between groups on the total scores of the LIFE-H and the MABC-2 Checklist. Children with clubfeet, however, scored lower on Mobility and better on the categories Communication and Responsibility of the LIFE-H. Furthermore, children with clubfeet showed lower scores on the MABC-2 Checklist subscale “movement in a static and/or predictable environment.” High levels of the parents’ perceived participation correlate with good results, as perceived by the parents, in motor ability.

Conclusions:
Although differences on some aspects of motor ability and participation existed, children with clubfeet in general showed high levels of parents’ perceived motor ability and participation. High levels of participation correlated with good results in motor ability.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.