bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a game‐based intervention on fraction learning for fifth‐grade students: A pre‐registered randomized controlled study
Authors: Bhatia Parnika , Le Diagon Sarah , Langlois Emma , William Melissa , Prado Jérôme , Gardes Marie‐Line 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigital game‐based learning is gaining increased attention from both researchers and educators for improving mathematics instruction. However, the evidence for game‐based learning is mixed and research with rigorous research design and analyses are limited.ObjectiveHere, in a pre‐registered randomized controlled study, we investigated whether a fraction game designed collaboratively by educational experts and professional game developers may serve as a useful tool to enhance students' fraction knowledge.MethodsWe assigned French fifth graders to either an experimental group who used the game (n = 110) or a control group (n = 78) who received traditional instruction on fractions. Fraction knowledge was assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsResults show that students in the active control group had superior overall fraction performance than students in the experimental group at the end of intervention. However, the game had a positive effect on decimal learning. We also found a positive relation between game performance and overall fraction knowledge scores at post‐test.ContributionThe study highlights the importance of game metrics as indicators of personalized assessment tools. Given the increased usage of games in learning mathematics and the equivocal results on the effectiveness of these games, our study also highlights the importance of pre‐registration and randomized controlled studies.
Capoeta ekmekciae Turan, Kottelat, Kirankaya & Engin, 2006, a junior synonym of Capoeta capoeta (Güldenstädt, 1773) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Cicek Erdogan , Eagderi Soheil , Sungur Sevil , Secer Burak 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome recent works have proposed that Capoeta ekmekciae from the Çoruh River and C. capoeta from the Kura‐Aras River system are synonyms based on molecular data, which prompted this study to compare their morphometric, meristic and molecular data to investigate this hypothesis. Based on the results, the C. ekmekciae form displays morphometric and meristic traits quite similar to the C. capoeta form. Since there are no diagnostic traits to distinguish these two allopatric species from each other and they share identical cytb gene, we treat C. ekmekciae as a junior synonym of C. capoeta.
A brain tumor reporting and data system to optimize imaging surveillance and prognostication in high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Kim Sera , Hoch Michael J. , Peng Lingyi , Somasundaram Aravind , Chen Zhengjia , Weinberg Brent D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeHigh‐grade glioma (HGG), including glioblastoma, is the most common primary brain neoplasm and has a dismal prognosis. After initial treatment, follow‐up decisions are guided by longitudinal MRI performed at routine intervals. The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT‐RADS) is a proposed structured reporting system for posttreatment brain MRIs. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between BT‐RADS scores and overall survival in HGG patients.MethodsChart review of grade 4 glioma patients who had an MRI at a single institution from November 2018 to November 2019 was performed. BT‐RADS scores, tumor characteristics, and overall survival were recorded. Likelihood of improvement, stability, or worsening on the subsequent study was calculated for each score. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier method, log‐rank test, and a time‐dependent cox model. Significance level of .05 was used.ResultsThe study identified 91 HGG patients who underwent a total of 538 MRIs. Mean age of patients was 57 years old. Score with the highest likelihood for worsening on the next follow‐up was 3b. The risk of death was 53% higher with each incremental increase in BT‐RADS scores (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07‐2.19; p = .019). The risk of death was 167% higher in O‐6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase unmethylated tumors (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.34‐5.33; p = .005).ConclusionsBT‐RADS scores can be used as a reference guide to anticipate whether patients’ subsequent MRI will be improved, stable, or worsened. The scoring system can also be used to predict clinical outcomes and prognosis.
Best practices in evaluating work integration social enterprises for persons with intellectual disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Lysaght Rosemary , Ghaderi Golnaz , Milley Peter , Labelle Patrick R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial enterprise is emerging as a promising means of creating flexible employment transitions for people with intellectual disabilities. It has been adopted as an option largely in response to the extended periods of work adjustment and ongoing supportive work environments typical for this population, as well as challenges in identifying suitable and satisfying job matches in the conventional labour market. Creation of meaningful and sustainable employment in social enterprises resides at the intersection of social programming and business management, such that developers must attend to employee needs from a human resource and skills development perspective, while equally attending to sound business management practices. This scoping review aimed to identify best practices for evaluating emerging work integration social enterprises using established program evaluation methods as a means of guiding and monitoring practice. Sixteen studies met study selection criteria, and while not directly addressing the issue of evaluation quality, revealed a number of principles and practices for consideration by evaluators. Implications for evaluation practice are highlighted.
Lipid transfer proteins involved in plant–pathogen interactions and their molecular mechanisms
Authors: Gao Hang , Ma Kang , Ji Guojie , Pan Liying , Zhou Qingfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small, cysteine‐rich proteins that play numerous functional roles in plant growth and development, including cutin wax formation, pollen tube adhesion, cell expansion, seed development, germination, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. LTPs contain eight conserved cysteine residues and a hydrophobic cavity that provides a wide variety of lipid‐binding specificities. As members of the pathogenesis‐related protein 14 family (PR14), many LTPs inhibit fungal or bacterial growth, and act as positive regulators in plant disease resistance. Over the past decade, these essential immunity‐related roles of LTPs in plant immune processes have been documented in a growing body of literature. In this review, we summarize the roles of LTPs in plant–pathogen interactions, emphasizing the underlying molecular mechanisms in plant immune responses and specific LTP functions.
Drought–heatwave nexus in Brazil and related impacts on health and fires: A comprehensive review
Authors: Libonati Renata , Geirinhas João L. , Silva Patrícia S. , Monteiro dos Santos Djacinto , Rodrigues Julia A. , Russo Ana , Peres Leonardo F. , Narcizo Luiza , Gomes Monique E. R. , Rodrigues Andreza P. , DaCamara Carlos C. , Pereira José Miguel C. , Trigo Ricardo M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is drastically altering the frequency, duration, and severity of compound drought‐heatwave (CDHW) episodes, which present a new challenge in environmental and socioeconomic sectors. These threats are of particular importance in low‐income regions with growing populations, fragile infrastructure, and threatened ecosystems. This review synthesizes emerging progress in the understanding of CDHW patterns in Brazil while providing insights about the impacts on fire occurrence and public health. Evidence is mounting that heatwaves are becoming increasingly linked with droughts in northeastern and southeastern Brazil, the Amazonia, and the Pantanal. In those regions, recent studies have begun to build a better understanding of the physical mechanisms behind CDHW events, such as the soil moisture–atmosphere coupling, promoted by exceptional atmospheric blocking conditions. Results hint at a synergy between CDHW events and high fire activity in the country over the last decades, with the most recent example being the catastrophic 2020 fires in the Pantanal. Moreover, we show that HWs were responsible for increasing mortality and preterm births during record‐breaking droughts in southeastern Brazil. This work paves the way for a more in‐depth understanding on CDHW events and their impacts, which is crucial to enhance the adaptive capacity of different Brazilian sectors.
Acute paronychia in a neonate secondary to clindamycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Osmani Sabah , Schairer David O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParonychia is a common inflammatory condition of the nail fold that is often associated with infection. Causes can be fungal, viral, or most commonly, bacterial. Neonatal paronychia is a rare presentation with only one previously reported case in the literature of a patient younger than 1 month of age. This is a case of an 8‐day‐old neonate with acute bacterial paronychia caused by clindamycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Association between obesity and atopic dermatitis in children: A case‐control study in a high obesity prevalence population
Authors: Iturriaga Carolina , Bustos María Francisca , Le Roy Catalina , Rodríguez Rocío , Cifuentes Lorena , Silva‐Valenzuela Sergio , Vera‐Kellet Cristián , Cristi Francisca , Pérez‐Mateluna Guillermo , Cabalín Carolina , Hoyos‐Bachiloglu Rodrigo , Camargo Carlos A. , Borzutzky Arturo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Research suggests an association between obesity and AD, although evidence is lacking from Latin American populations. This study evaluated the association of obesity with AD in children from Chile, a country with high obesity prevalence.MethodsA case‐control study was performed in children with active AD (cases) and healthy controls (HCs) from Santiago, Chile. Body mass index was evaluated by z‐score (z‐BMI), with overweight defined as z‐BMI ≥+1 and <+2, and obesity as z‐BMI ≥+2. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference‐to‐height ratio (WHR) ≥0.5. AD severity was evaluated by Scoring AD (SCORAD) index.ResultsA total of 174 children with AD and 101 controls were included. AD patients had similar overweight (27% vs. 28%) and obesity (21% vs. 26%) rates as HCs (p = .65). Abdominal obesity rates were also comparable (64% vs. 62%, p = .81). In sex‐specific analyses, girls with AD had higher abdominal obesity rates than HCs (71% vs. 53%, p < .05) while boys with AD had lower abdominal obesity rates than HCs (53% vs. 75%, p = .03). Among children with AD, higher z‐BMI or WHR did not correlate with higher SCORAD, eosinophil counts or total IgE.ConclusionIn our study, Chilean children with AD had high but similar rates of obesity as HCs, but showed sex‐specific associations of abdominal obesity and AD. Further research is needed to evaluate these associations and the roles that weight excess and weight loss could play in the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
New insights into immunity to skin fungi shape our understanding of health and disease
Authors: Ruchti Fiorella , LeibundGut‐Landmann Salomé 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFungi represent an integral part of the skin microbiota. Their complex interaction network with the host shapes protective immunity during homeostasis. If host defences are breached, skin‐resident fungi including Malassezia and Candida, and environmental fungi such as dermatophytes can cause cutaneous infections. In addition, fungi are associated with diverse non‐infectious skin disorders. Despite their multiple roles in health and disease, fungi remain elusive and understudied, and the mechanisms underlying the emergence of pathological conditions linked to fungi are largely unclear. The identification of IL‐17 as an important antifungal effector mechanism represents a milestone for understanding homeostatic antifungal immunity. At the same time, host‐adverse, disease‐promoting roles of IL‐17 have been delineated, as in psoriasis. Fungal dysbiosis represents another feature of many pathological skin conditions with an unknown causal link of intra‐ and interkingdom interactions to disease pathogenesis. The emergence of new fungal pathogens such as Candida auris highlights the need for more research into fungal immunology to understand how antifungal responses shape health and diseases. Recent technological advances for genetically manipulating fungi to target immunomodulatory fungal determinants, multi‐omics approaches for studying immune cells in the human skin, and novel experimental models open up a promising future for skin fungal immunity.
Resistance of peanut to web blotch caused by Phoma arachidicola is related to papillae formation and the hypersensitive response
Authors: Sun Ziqi , Cheng Yujie , Qi Feiyan , Zhang Mengyuan , Tian Mengdi , Wang Juan , Wu Xiaohui , Huang Bingyan , Dong Wenzhao , Zhang Xinyou , Zheng Zheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important economic crop that is susceptible to various foliar diseases. Web blotch, which is caused by Phoma arachidicola, is one of the most serious peanut foliar diseases because it affects the leaves and results in substantial yield losses. In this study, the P. arachidicola infection process and the response of peanut plants to infection were revealed through a cytological study of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties. Conidial germination rates, appressorium formation and resistance responses, including papillae formation and the hypersensitive response (HR), were analysed at different infection stages. Notably, the basal infection response of susceptible varieties resulted in limited papillae formation and a single HR, which was followed by programmed cell death. The papillae formation frequency and HR frequency were significantly greater in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties at 84 h postinoculation. The primary difference between the two resistant varieties was the superior HR of Zheng8903 compared with that of Yuhua15. The complex amphidiploid peanut genome may explain the complexity and diversity of the resistance responses. The interactions of functional orthologs should be clarified and perhaps modulated in future investigations. The results of this study revealed the differences in the resistance responses among peanut germplasm and may be relevant for the breeding of new peanut varieties highly resistant to P. arachidicola.
Anti‐Müllerian hormone concentrations in female rabbits and its relation to spay status, pseudopregnancy and ovarian follicle numbers
Authors: Böhmer Florian , Erber Katharina , Ewringmann Anja , Klein Ruth , Reese Sven , Böhmer Christine , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Walter Beate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), known for its role during foetal sexual differentiation, is secreted by the Sertoli cells in males and the granulosa cells in females during post‐natal life. As serum AMH concentrations correlate with follicle numbers, AMH is utilized as a marker of ovarian reserve in many species. In dogs and cats, AMH is used as a diagnostic tool to determine spay or neuter status. In the available literature, no research regarding serum AMH levels in rabbits has been published yet. The objectives of the present study were to (1) measure serum AMH concentrations in female rabbits and investigate the value of AMH as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between spayed and intact does and (2) relate measured AMH levels to pseudopregnancy and ovarian follicle numbers. For AMH measurement, serum samples were obtained from sexually intact (n = 64) and spayed (n = 22) female rabbits. Spayed does were of various breeds; intact rabbits were Zika hybrid rabbits. In the intact does, AMH measurement was complemented by determination of progesterone levels, gynaecological examination and histopathological evaluation of the uterus and ovaries, including follicle counts. Serum AMH and progesterone concentrations were measured using a human‐based chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and an enzyme‐linked fluorescence assay (ELFA), respectively. Depending on progesterone levels, sexually intact does were classified into follicular (n = 52) or luteal phase (n = 12). Median serum AMH levels were 1.53 ng/ml (range 0.77–3.36 ng/ml) in intact and 0.06 ng/ml (range ≤0.01–0.23 ng/ml) in spayed does. AMH concentrations between the intact and spayed rabbits differed significantly and did not overlap (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for a cut‐off level of 0.50 ng/ml. Follicular or luteal phase had no significant influence on measured AMH levels (t = 0.061, df = 62, p = .951). While the number of secondary follicles correlated significantly with AMH concentrations (rs = 0.410, p = .001), the number of primary or antral follicles did not (rs = 0.241, p = .055 and rs = 0.137, p = .281, respectively). In conclusion, a single determination of serum AMH concentrations was adequate to distinguish spayed from intact female rabbits. Among sexually intact individuals, whether does were in follicular or luteal phase had no significant influence on measured serum AMH concentrations. The relationship between small growing follicles and AMH levels as described in other species could be partially confirmed, as secondary follicles correlated significantly with AMH.
Adolescents’ perceptions of social risk and prosocial tendencies: Developmental change and individual differences
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Do Kathy T. , Duell Natasha , Kwon Seh‐Joo , Lindquist Kristen A. , Prinstein Mitch J. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany prosocial behaviors involve social risks such as speaking out against a popular opinion, bias, group norm, or authority. However, little is known about whether adolescents’ prosocial tendencies develop over time with their perceptions of social risks. This accelerated longitudinal study used within‐subject growth‐curve analyses to test the link between adolescents' prosocial tendencies and social risk perceptions. Adolescents completed self‐reports annually for 3 years (N = 893; Mage = 12.30 years, 10–14 years at Wave 1, and 10–17 years across the full study period; 50% girls, 33% White non‐Latinx, 27% Latinx, 20% African American, 20% mixed/other race). The association between social risk tolerance and prosocial tendencies changed significantly across adolescence. Specifically, for younger adolescents, more prosocial tendencies were associated significantly with less social risk tolerance, whereas for relatively older adolescents, more prosocial tendencies were associated marginally with more social risk tolerance. Additional individual differences by empathy (but not sensation seeking) emerged. These findings suggest that prosocial tendencies across adolescence may be associated with an underlying ability to tolerate social risks.
How do producers imagine consumers? Connecting farm and fork through a cultural repertoire of consumer sovereignty
Authors: Baumann Shyon , Johnston Josée , Oleschuk Merin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phenomena of meat production and consumption are related but often studied separately, funnelled into silos of agro‐food and consumer‐focussed research. This article aims to reconnect these spheres by asking: How do meat producers understand the role of consumers in the ethical meatscape? We draw from interviews and site visits with 74 actors engaged with the ethical meat system in Canada. We find that consumers loom large in the cultural imaginary of meat producers and are often framed as key drivers of food system change. We make a two‐pronged argument that explains the complex, embedded presence of consumers in meat producers’ cultural imaginary. Conceptually, we argue that producers draw from a cultural repertoire of consumer sovereignty that frames consumer choice as a foundational element of capitalist societies. Empirically, we argue that ethical meat producers’ direct relationships with consumers infuse producers’ work with meaning and emotional significance, and this works to reinforce a normative valuation of consumer sovereignty. This research contributes to scholarship interrogating the implications of consumer‐driven models of food system change.
Building network for innovation and proximity in local development; sustainable farming initiatives in Izmir
Authors: Yildiztekin Merve Yazar , Erol Demet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the increasing demand for food, agricultural systems are struggling with new challenges such as climate change, depletion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and disease. This struggle requires not only ecological changes but also building economically and socially sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Transitions to more sustainable practices are referred to as sustainability transitions, and the multilevel perspective (MLP) provides a framework for their analysis. In this study, based on information from primary and secondary sources in Izmir, Turkey, the MLP was used as a starting point, and using the literature on adoption/diffusion and economic geography with social network analysis, the role of human capital, social relations and regional capacity in restructuring the current regime for developing sustainable agricultural practices at a geographic scale is discussed.
Establishment of NGS‐based HLA 9‐locus haplotypes in the Eastern Han Chinese population highlights the role of HLA‐DP in donor selection for transplantation
Authors: Zhang Tengteng , Li Yang , Yuan Xiaoni , Bao Xiaojing , Chen Luyao , Jiang Xue , He Jun 
Published: September 2022

We collected HLA typing data from 653 families in the Eastern Han Chinese population. HLA‐A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, and DPB1 (HLA‐11 loci) typing of 1781 subjects was performed using a commercial next‐generation sequencing (NGS) method in our laboratory. The phasing of haplotypes in each family was determined by Mendelian segregation. Haplotype analysis revealed 1634 different haplotypes among a total of 2230 haplotypes. The predominant haplotype was A*30:01‐C*06:02‐B*13:02‐DRB1*07:01‐DRB4*01:03‐DQA1*02:01‐DQB1*02:02‐DPA1*02:01‐DPB1*17:01 (HF = 4.04%), followed by A*02:07‐C*01:02‐B*46:01‐DRB1*09:01‐DRB4*01:03‐DQA1*03:02‐DQB1*03:03‐DPA1*02:02‐DPB1*05:01 (HF = 1.84%) and A*33:03‐C*03:02‐B*58:01‐DRB1*03:01‐DRB3*02:02‐DQA1*05:01‐DQB1*02:01‐DPA1*01:03‐DPB1*04:01 (HF = 1.48%), accounting for 7.35% of the total. Meanwhile 76.41% of all haplotypes were observed only once or twice (HF < 0.1%). Different from HLA‐DRB3/4/5 and DQA1 loci, DP linkage markedly increased haplotype variation by 34.82% based on the 5‐locus haplotype. The much weaker linkage disequilibrium (LD) of DQB1‐DPB1 indicated the reason. We observed 10 analyzable recombination events, most of which occurred at DP loci. Even with the same common 5‐locus haplotype, HLA‐DP linkage alters the haplotype diversity and frequency. Analysis of related haplotype assignment and unrelated recipient‐donor pairs matching at the 9‐locus haplotype revealed that HLA‐DP affects the donor selection strategy. Haplotype study of a large sample size using NGS identified linkage haplotypes beyond the 5 loci. LD, recombination events, and haplotype variation caused by DP loci emphasized that HLA 9‐locus haplotype matching should be considered in donor selection, particularly the effect of DP loci. The finding lays the foundation for further studies on the effect of HLA‐DP mismatch on transplantation.