bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adoption of social determinants of health documentation in clinical settings
Authors: Kepper Maura M. , Walsh‐Bailey Callie , Prusaczyk Beth , Zhao Min , Herrick Cynthia , Foraker Randi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the frequency of social determinants of health (SDOH) diagnosis codes (Z‐codes) within the electronic health record (EHR) for patients with prediabetes and diabetes and examine factors influencing the adoption of SDOH documentation in clinical care.Data SourcesEHR data and qualitative interviews with health care providers and stakeholders.Study DesignAn explanatory sequential mixed methods design first examined the use of Z‐codes within the EHR and qualitatively examined barriers to documenting SDOH. Data were integrated and interpreted using a joint display. This research was informed by the Framework for Dissemination and Utilization of Research for Health Care Policy and Practice.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe queried EHR data for patients with a hemoglobin A1c > 5.7 between October 1, 2015 and September 1, 2020 (n = 118,215) to examine the use of Z‐codes and demographics and outcomes for patients with and without social needs. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants (n = 15 health care providers; n = 7 billing and compliance stakeholders). The interview questions sought to understand how factors at the innovation‐, individual‐, organizational‐, and environmental‐level influence SDOH documentation. We used thematic analysis to analyze interview data.Principal FindingsPatients with social needs were disproportionately older, female, Black, uninsured, living in low‐income and high unemployment neighborhoods, and had a higher number of hospitalizations, obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes than those without a Z‐code. Z‐codes were not frequently used in the EHR (<1% of patients), and there was an overall lack of congruence between quantitative and qualitative results related to the prevalence of social needs. Providers faced barriers at multiple levels (e.g., individual‐level: discomfort discussing social needs; organizational‐level: limited time, competing priorities) for documenting SDOH and identified strategies to improve documentation.ConclusionsProviders recognized the impact of SDOH on patient health and had positive perceptions of screening for and documenting social needs. Implementation strategies are needed to improve systematic documentation.
Impacts of Covid‐19 Confinement on Transport Companies and Perishable Food Manufacturers in Spain
Authors: González‐Moralejo Silvia Andrés , Miquel Juan Francisco López 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn 2020, the world suffered a sudden economic recession resulting from an unprecedented health crisis due to Covid‐19 that confined millions of people to their homes and shut down all non‐essential activities. Countries have rapidly realised how vulnerable they are without food producers, manufacturers and distributors. Based on a case study from Spain, this article compiles ‘first‐hand’ information with the aim of revealing the changes that confinement has wrought on perishable food carriers and manufacturers in Spain. The results confirm a general decline in business activity with significant ups and downs depending on the subsector. In addition, they are consistent with ‘Schumpeter’s Paradigm of creative destruction’ in the context of the pressures and disruptions caused by the Covid‐19 pandemic. In this context, austerity offers companies various opportunities for renewal and finding new solutions, products and markets. These include more effective communication strategies and more efficient methods of planning and managing improved food transport, implementation of new technologies, and development of innovative, profitable, and forward‐thinking business schemes to deal with the difficulties caused by confinement. Therefore, it is essential that public authorities and stakeholders, particularly senior managers, focus their attention on the promotion and development of these opportunities.
Microbial community associated with the crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum L. (DC.) living on oceanic seashore: A large source of diversity revealed by using multiple isolation methods
Authors: Miral Alice , Jargeat Patricia , Mambu Lengo , Rouaud Isabelle , Tranchimand Sylvain , Tomasi Sophie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently, the study of the interactions within a microcosm between hosts and their associated microbial communities drew an unprecedented interest arising from the holobiont concept. Lichens, a symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga, are redefined as complex ecosystems considering the tremendous array of associated microorganisms that satisfy this concept. The present study focuses on the diversity of the microbiota associated with the seashore located lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum, recovered by different culture‐dependent methods. Samples harvested from two sites allowed the isolation and the molecular identification of 68 fungal isolates distributed in 43 phylogenetic groups, 15 bacterial isolates distributed in five taxonomic groups and three microalgae belonging to two species. Moreover, for 12 fungal isolates belonging to 10 different taxa, the genus was not described in GenBank. These fungal species have never been sequenced or described and therefore non‐studied. All these findings highlight the novel and high diversity of the microflora associated with R. geographicum. While many species disappear every day, this work suggests that coastal and wild environments still contain an unrevealed variety to offer and that lichens constitute a great reservoir of new microbial taxa which can be recovered by multiplying the culture‐dependent techniques.
PEG‐rhG‐CSF for prophylaxis of neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer: A multicenter, prospective, randomized study
Authors: Sun Xu‐Sheng , Wang Zhe , Ren Shu‐Hua , Zhang He‐Lin , Liu Li‐Jun , Du Hong‐Bo , Liu Xiao‐Wei , Liu Jun‐Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (PEG‐rhG‐CSF) in preventing neutropenia during multiple cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodIn a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial, patients with NSCLC were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment group (PEG‐rhG‐CSF as primary prophylactic therapy) or control group. Patients in the control group were administered rhG‐CSF when white blood cell count was <2.0 × 109/L or absolute neutrophil count <1.0 × 109/L. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia. Secondary endpoints included the incidence and duration of grade 3/4 neutropenia in each cycle, the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), delay rate of chemotherapy, prolonged time of chemotherapy, and safety.ResultsBetween January 2019 and July 2021, 130 patients were enrolled (treatment group: n = 87, control group: n = 43). The incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.15% vs. 11.63%, p < 0.05). The mean duration of grade 3/4 neutropenia for the treatment and control group was 2.00 and 3.75 days, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of FN, delay rate of chemotherapy, prolonged time of chemotherapy, and antibiotic use between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Adverse events were reported in 47.13% of patients in the treatment group and 48.84% patients in the control group.ConclusionsPrimary prophylactic treatment with PEG‐rhG‐CSF could reduce the incidence of neutropenia in patients with NSCLC during multiple cycles of chemotherapy, with acceptable safety and tolerability.
Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer with two left gastric arteries: Safe and adequate lymphadenectomy in a rare arterial abnormality
Authors: Ito Sunao , Ogawa Ryo , Saito Masaki , Ueno Shuhei , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Okubo Tomotaka , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClinical studies have established the safety and advantages of laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer; therefore, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in clinical practice is increasing. We report the case of a 77‐year‐old patient with gastric cancer who was referred to our center for LG. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a type 3 tumor identified as adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Three‐dimensional computed tomography‐angiography revealed two left gastric arteries (LGAs) branching from the celiac trunk. By laparoscopically performing the outermost layer‐oriented lymphadenectomy (OML‐OL), the two LGAs were detected and appropriately divided. Subtotal gastrectomy was completed, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. The OML‐OL was appropriate for LG in this situation. This case demonstrates the necessity of preoperative three‐dimensional computed tomography‐angiography with 1‐mm slices and the importance of performing OML‐OL.
De novo 4q35.2 duplication containing FAT1 is associated with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hernando‐Davalillo Cristina , Martín Adrián Alcalá San , Borregan Prats Mar , Ortigoza‐Escobar Juan Darío 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenetic studies have established a connection between FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1) deletion and variants and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we describe a 7‐year‐old girl who sought a neurology consultation in order to be evaluated for ASD and was found to have a de novo 4q35.2 duplication containing the FAT1 gene. Similar to other reported cases of FAT1 variants or deletion, this patient exhibits non‐syndromic ASD without facial dysmorphism or brain MRI abnormalities. We suggest also considering FAT1 duplication as a potential ASD cause.
Brain–immune interaction mechanisms: Implications for cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Zhao Fangyi , Li Bingjin , Yang Wei , Ge Tongtong , Cui Ranji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesCognitive dysfunction has been identified as a major symptom of a series of psychiatric disorders. Multidisciplinary studies have shown that cognitive dysfunction is monitored by a two‐way interaction between the neural and immune systems. However, the specific mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in immune response and brain immune remain unclear.Materials and methodsIn this review, we summarized the relevant research to uncover our comprehension of the brain–immune interaction mechanisms underlying cognitive decline.ResultsThe pathophysiological mechanisms of brain‐immune interactions in psychiatric‐based cognitive dysfunction involve several specific immune molecules and their associated signaling pathways, impairments in neural and synaptic plasticity, and the potential neuro‐immunological mechanism of stress.ConclusionsTherefore, this review may provide a better theoretical basis for integrative therapeutic considerations for psychiatric disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction.
Complex social and political factors threaten the world's smallest primate with extinction
Authors: Kappeler Peter M. , Markolf Matthias , Rasoloarison Rodin M. , Fichtel Claudia , Durbin Joanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe highlight current problems, challenges and dilemmas of conservation action in Madagascar, which is one of the poorest countries, but also the hottest global biodiversity hotspot. Consequences of climate change and the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbate an already dramatic situation for many protected areas that are under pressure from illegal logging and habitat clearance for agriculture. The example of Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae), the world's smallest primate, illustrates how conservation efforts are failing because this “critically endangered” lemur species (Markolf et al. 2020) is feared to be extinct only 30 years after its discovery, even though its entire global range is situated inside a protected area. Numerous other lemurs, who have a higher percentage of CR/EN/VU species than any other group of mammals, are facing very similar prospects, despite this globally most endangered group of mammals enjoying particular attention from conservation policy makers and activists for decades because their endemic populations have been rapidly declining in shrinking habitats.
Pharmacological treatment for methamphetamine withdrawal: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Acheson Liam S. , Williams Benjamin H. , Farrell Michael , McKetin Rebecca , Ezard Nadine , Siefried Krista J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssuesCessation of methamphetamine use may result in a characteristic withdrawal syndrome, no medication has been approved for this indication. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine withdrawal, the first comprehensive meta‐analysis since 2008.ApproachMEDLINE (1966–2020), CINAHL (1982–2020), PsychINFO (1806–2020) and EMBASE (1947–2020) were systematically searched. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCT) investigating pharmacological treatments for methamphetamine withdrawal, reviewing outcomes of treatment discontinuation, mental health outcomes, withdrawal symptoms (including craving) and patient safety. The relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (MD) were used to meta‐analyse dichotomous and continuous data respectively, with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessments were conducted.Key FindingsNine RCTs of six medications (n = 242 participants) met inclusion criteria, however, only six trials of four medications (n = 186) could be meta‐analysed. Mean sample size across studies was 27 participants, and 88% of participants were male. The quality of evidence in this review varies from low to very low on GRADE assessments. Amineptine may reduce discontinuation rates (RR 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07, 0.72, p = 0.01), and improve global state (MD −0.49, 95% CI −0.80, −0.17), compared with placebo, however, this medication is no longer approved. No other medications improved any domain when compared with placebo. Due to lack of reporting safety profiles could not be established.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to indicate any medication is effective for the treatment of methamphetamine withdrawal. The poor quality of the evidence indicates a need for better powered, high‐quality trials.
The value of shifting cultivation for biodiversity in Northeast India
Authors: Borah Joli R. , Gilroy James J. , Evans Karl L. , Edwards David P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimShifting cultivation is a widespread land‐use in many tropical countries that also harbours significant levels of biodiversity. Increasing frequency of cultivation cycles and expansion into old‐growth forests have intensified the impacts of shifting cultivation on biodiversity and carbon sequestration. We assessed how bird diversity responds to shifting cultivation and the potential for co‐benefits for both biodiversity and carbon in such landscapes to inform carbon‐based payments for ecosystem service (PES) schemes.LocationNagaland, Northeast India.MethodsWe surveyed above‐ground carbon stocks and bird communities across various stages of a shifting cultivation system and old‐growth forest using composite carbon sampling plots and repeated point counts directly overlaying the carbon plots in both summer and winter. We assessed species diversity using species accumulation and rarefaction curves based on Hill numbers. We fitted a linear mixed‐effect model to assess the relationship between species richness and fallow age. We also examined possible co‐benefits between carbon and biodiversity from fallow regeneration in terms of relative community similarity to old‐growth forest across carbons stocks.ResultsFarmland and secondary forests regenerating on fallowed land had similar bird species richness to old‐growth forests in summer and relatively higher species richness in winter. Within regenerating fallows, we did not find any strong evidence that fallow age influenced bird species richness. Bird community resemblance to old‐growth forest increased with secondary forest maturity, correlating also with carbon stocks in summer. However, bird community assemblage did not show a strong association with habitat types and carbon stocks during winter.Main conclusionsThis study underscores the important role of traditional non‐intensive shifting cultivation in providing refuges for biodiversity within heterogeneous habitat mosaics. Effectively managing these landscapes is crucial for both biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration in the subtropics.
Cerebral infarction and risk factors in acute type A aortic dissection with arch branch extension
Authors: Gong Wenqing , Zhou Ling , Shang Lei , Zhao Hongliang , Duan Weixun , Zheng Minjuan , Ge Shuping 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveStanford type A aortic dissection (AAD) may affect the supra‐aortic arteries, which are associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). This study aimed to investigate cerebral perfusion, the infarction incidence and risk factors in AAD patients.MethodsA total of 156 consecutive AAD patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to whether the aortic arch branches were involved: the affected group (n= 90) and the unaffected group (n= 66). Clinical, echocardiographic/carotid Doppler data and cerebral infarction morbidity were compared between the groups. Independent predictors of 30‐day AAD mortality were identified through multivariable Cox regression, and perioperative risk factors were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 57.7% of AAD patients had aortic arch branch involvement. Abnormal Doppler waveforms were more common in the affected group (p< 0.05). Regarding intracranial perfusion, the blood flow volumes (BFVs) of the bilateral internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and right vertebral artery (RVA) in the affected group were significantly reduced (p< 0.05). The incidence of cerebral infarction in the affected group was significantly higher than that in the unaffected group (35.6% vs. 19.7%,p= 0.031). Multivariable analysis revealed that age >45 years old, right internal carotid artery (RICA) involvement and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significant predictors of perioperative death.ConclusionsAortic arch branch involvement is common in patients with AAD and is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow (especially on the right side) and a higher incidence of cerebral infarction. Age, extension of the RICA dissection and LVEF impairment are independent risk factors for AAD‐related death.
How School Security Measures Harm Schools and Their Students
Authors: Chambers Drew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this essay, Drew Chambers argues that the implementation of modern security technology in American schools (also known as target hardening) may do more harm than good, especially when such technologies represent the primary mode of risk responsiveness. In using technological measures to reduce risk, schools may inadvertently undermine both other responses to school violence as well as key aims of schooling itself. Here, Chambers provides a survey of the dominant trends in school security measures and the empirical scholarship related to those measures' effectiveness and outcomes. He then provides four independent arguments for why reliance on security technology might be more harmful than not. First, reliance on technology as a response to school violence can ultimately limit more effective approaches to school safety that are not technological. Second, the more securitized schools become, the more such securitization detracts from teaching and learning as the main enterprise of schools. Third, surveillance measures unintentionally propagate fear in students and may inhibit healthy adolescent development. Fourth, security technology has a unique capacity to harmfully alter student–teacher relationships. These arguments, taken together, should suggest an abundance of caution is in order when it comes to securitizing schools.
Liminal Lunch: Disclosure and Discursion in the School Cafeteria
Authors: Smilie Kipton D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiminal spaces operate as thresholds, as spaces “lodged between all … spaces defined and governed in any specific biocultural ecosystem.” While these spaces offer interesting prospects for study, liminal spaces in schools have received very little scholarly attention. In labeling and considering the school cafeteria in U.S. schools as a liminal space, a new way of exploring a liminal “consciousness and imagination” is open to scholars and practitioners. This in‐between space allows students opportunities for discursion and disclosure not generally accessible in classrooms. As anthropologists have maintained, liminal spaces afford individuals freer experiences and opportunities not encountered in more frequented, orderly spaces. Examining these possibilities increases our awareness of the liminality of the school cafeteria, and such an awareness can help students in shaping different conceptions of human flourishing.
Critical Race Theory and Black Marxism: Implications for Higher Education
Authors: Cowley Matthew P. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, Matthew Cowley advances a theoretical approach toward higher education drawn from critical race theory (CRT) and Black Marxism. After an overview of CRT and Black Marxism, Cowley builds a working understanding of two recent (re)conceptualizations of race and class analysis that draw from both: (1) economies of racism and (2) critical raceclass theory of education. Subsequently, he connects two assumptions of CRT and Black Marxism — whiteness as property and racial capitalism — to expound on an original hypothesis, relate it to relevant issues in higher education, and evaluate it by deploying the economies of racism theoretical approach.
Quantitative trait loci mapping reveals an oligogenic architecture of a rapidly adapting trait during the European invasion of common ragweed
Authors: Prapas Diana , Scalone Romain , Lee Jacqueline , Nurkowski Kristin A. , Bou‐assi Sarah , Rieseberg Loren , Battlay Paul , Hodgins Kathryn A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiological invasions offer a unique opportunity to investigate evolution over contemporary timescales. Rapid adaptation to local climates during range expansion can be a major determinant of invasion success, yet fundamental questions remain about its genetic basis. This study sought to investigate the genetic basis of climate adaptation in invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). Flowering time adaptation is key to this annual species' invasion success, so much so that it has evolved repeated latitudinal clines in size and phenology across its native and introduced ranges despite high gene flow among populations. Here, we produced a high‐density linkage map (4493 SNPs) and paired this with phenotypic data from an F2 mapping population (n = 336) to identify one major and two minor quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying flowering time and height differentiation in this species. Within each QTL interval, several candidate flowering time genes were also identified. Notably, the major flowering time QTL detected in this study was found to overlap with a previously identified haploblock (putative inversion). Multiple genetic maps of this region identified evidence of suppressed recombination in specific genotypes, consistent with inversions. These discoveries support the expectation that a concentrated genetic architecture with fewer, larger, and more tightly linked alleles should underlie rapid local adaptation during invasion, particularly when divergently adapting populations experience high levels of gene flow.