bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Complications of Cast Removal with Oscillating Saws and a Novel Method for Reducing Such Complications
Authors: Sevencan Adnan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the complications associated with conventional methods of cast removal and to compare them with the complications associated with a novel method involving the use of externally guided aids for skin protection.

Methods:
Two hundred and eight cooperative patients ≥5 years of age who had no experience with cast removal were included in the study. Patients were selected arbitrarily and were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 (106 patients [115 casts]; 60% male; average age, 20 years), conventional protection methods were used. In Group 2 (102 patients [108 casts]; 62% male; average age, 26 years), tong-shaped, externally guided, steel plate aids were used for skin protection. After the insertion of the protective part between the skin and the cast materials, the outer portion of the aid guided the operator to stay in a safe cutting line. The cast removal procedures in each group were documented, and skin injuries, burns, patient anxiety, operator anxiety, and processing time were noted.

Results:
In Group 1, the skin mark/scratch rate was 18%, the full-thickness skin laceration rate was 0.9%, the burn sensation rate was 22%, and the rate of first/second-degree burns was 2.5%. Anxiety was classified as moderate by 57% of the patients and as severe by 8%. Moderate anxiety was reported by 20% of the cast operators. In Group 2, only 6% of the patients experienced moderate anxiety and the removal time was reduced by >25%. When the groups were compared with regard to severe complications such as skin laceration (resulting in bleeding), visible burn, and severe anxiety, the former 2 complications were eliminated in Group 2 but the difference between the groups was statistically significant in the last category only (p = 0.325, p = 0.247, p = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions:
Eliminating saw blade-to-skin contact with a tong-like, externally guided flexible steel aid provides a high level of safety, decreases removal time by 5 to 10 minutes (depending on cast length), and makes cast removal a better experience for both patients and operators.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Research on electroacupuncture parameters for Cancer Pain based on data mining
Authors: Li Quan-yao , Yang Wen-xiao , Liu Hui , Jiao Li-Jing , Gong Ya-bin , Shi Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Cancer pain, a common complication of this disease, has been widely treated by electroacupuncture in recent years. However, there are numerous treatment parameters that are not conducive to clinical translation applications. This study aims to summarize the stimulation parameters commonly used in electroacupuncture treating cancer pain by data mining and visualization techniques to provide a basis for the future acupuncture technology transformation and selection of optimal stimulation parameters．
Methods: Nine databases, including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, OVID, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Biology Medicine disc, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database, were searched for clinical studies on electroacupuncture treatment cancer pain published between January 2012 and September 2022. A database was established using Microsoft Excel 2020 and analyzed with SPSS Modeler 18.1 software and SPSS statistics 26.0 software.
Results: Twenty-four articles were included according to the established criteria. The most used electroacupuncture stimulation parameters were a dilatational wave, the current frequency of 2/100 Hz, stimulation duration of 30 min per treatment, and frequency of treatment once a day.
Fifty-eight acupoints were mentioned, and the total frequency of acupoints involved was 156 times. The most used ones include Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP06), Hegu (LI04), Neiguan (PC06), Quchi (LI11), Taichong (LR03), Ashi point, Jiaji Point, and those most generally used acupoints that are closely arranged on the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming and the Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin. The association analysis of acupoints revealed that the most supported acupoint pair was Sanyinjiao (SP06) and Zusanli (ST36). Cluster analysis demonstrated three groups, one for obligatory acupoints, one for Ashi point, and the third for Jiaji point.
Conclusions
A dilatational wave, the current frequency of 2/100 Hz, 30-min stimulation, and acupoints of the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming and the Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin selection are frequently used in electroacupuncture for treating cancer pain.
Due to the limitations of this study, further research and more standardized, multi-center, large-sample clinical trials can be carried out to guide optimizing acupuncture treatment schemes and promote the formation of TCM-characteristic technologies for cancer pain.
Highly enantio- stereoselective Ni-catalyzed reductive cyclization for cyclopentanes with chiral quaternary center of trisubstituted allylic siloxane
Authors: Liu Guodu , Chen Wanjun , Yan Xinlong , Fan Lin , Guo Xu , Yang Jian , Chen Yiming , Huang Haoran , Zhou Shaofang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Construction of chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters is a significant challenge of asymmetric synthesis. Catalytic synthesis of these structures with trisubstituted allylic alcohols is highly important. However, most of reported methodologies required precious transition-metal catalyst. Herein we reported the first highly asymmetric stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentanes bearing chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters of trisubstituted allylic siloxanes by reductive cyclization of all carbon 1,6-alkynones with the earth-abundant Nickel catalysis Ni(cod)2 and P-chiral monophosphine ligand (S)-BIDIME. Various multi-substituted functionalized cyclopentanes were obtained in high yield (96%), excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) and perfect stereoselectivity (>99:1 E/Z). Thirty-two all carbon 1,6-alkynones were synthesized and successfully applied. Clarified mechanism study was investigated first time by detailed React-IR and DFT calculations to anticipate and confirm the ligand-control for the excellent enantioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Gram scale reaction and control experiments was carried out. New reaction design was proposed for further application of this methodology.
BARBARITY AND GENDER IN THE EARLIEST GREEK HISTORIANS
Authors: СУРИКОВ И.Е. 
Published: November 2022

Древнейшие греческие историки (Акусилай Аргосский, Гекатей Милетский, Ферекид Афинский, Харон Лампсакский, Гелланик Лесбосский, Ксанф Лидийский и др.), принадлежали, наряду с Геродотом и в отличие от Фукидида, к ионийской традиции историописания. Именно в позднеархаической Ионии появился у греков сам концепт варварства (самые ранние случаи употребления слова «варвар» встречаем у нескольких ионийских авторов рубежа VI–V вв. до н.э.). Концепт этот имел, помимо прочего, свой гендерный аспект. Существовала отчетливая тенденция сближать варваров с женским полом, которая порождалась рядом факторов — от чисто внешних, привходящих, до более принципиальных (признавали приоритет эмоций над разумом как у женщин, так и у варваров, тем и другим приписывались разного рода девиации и т.п.). В статье рассмотрен релевантный источниковый материал, содержащийся в сохранившихся фрагментах ранних историков. Этот материал отличается чертой, которая в целом может быть определена формулировкой «феминизация варварского и варваризация фемининного».
The earliest Greek historians (Acusilaus of Argos, Hecataeus of Miletus, Pherecydes of Athens, Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Xanthus of Lydia and others) belonged, side by side with Herodotus and in contrast to Thucydides, to the Ionian tradition of historical writing. It was exactly in Late Archaic Ionia that the very concept of barbarity made it appearance in the Greek tradition (the earliest cases of use of the word “barbarian” we can see in several Ionian authors of the late 6th and early 5th centuries B.C). The concept in question had, among other aspects, a gender-conditioned one. There was a distinct trend to bring together barbarians and women, which was generated by a number of factors, both purely external, attendant ones and ones based on principle (barbarians as well as women were considered creations with priority of emotions over reason, and deviations of various kinds were ascribed to both). The article deals with the relevant source material that extant fragments of early historians contain. That material is notable for a feature, which in general may be defined by the formula “feminizing the barbarian and barbarizing the feminine”.
A WOMAN AS A SUBJECT OF VIOLENCE IN THE ANCIENT WRITTEN MYTHOLOGICAL TRADITION
Authors: БОГАЧЕНКО Т.В. 
Published: November 2022

В статье рассматриваются античные сюжеты, в которых женщина выступает источником и исполнителем физического насилия, проводится их предварительная классификация и сравнительно-типологический анализ, а также характеризуется отношение к ним самих античных авторов. Исследование позволило прийти к выводу о типологическом разнообразии подобных персонажей и высокой степени их интегрированности в античные представления об устройстве мира.
The article deals with ancient plots in which a woman acts as a source and executor of physical violence, conducts their preliminary classification and comparative-typological analysis, and also characterizes the attitude of the ancient authors themselves to them. The study made it possible to come to the conclusion about the typological diversity of such characters and a high degree of their integration into ancient ideas about the structure of the world.
A BARBARIC VIEW OF A GENDER ROLE MACEDONIAN FEMALE WARRIORS OF THE 4th CENTURY BC
Authors: КЛЕЙМЕНОВ А.А. 
Published: November 2022

Цель исследования заключается в анализе феномена македонских воительниц Кинаны и Адеи-Эвридики. Задачами являются определение характера и степени достоверности античных сообщений об особых качествах указанных женщин, определение возможных предпосылок формирования этих черт, сравнение особенностей поведения Кинаны и ее дочери Адеи-Эвридики с традиционной для Македонии женской гендерной ролью. Исследование опиралось на всесторонний анализ письменных источников, сравнительно-исторический метод, метод контент-анализа. Определено, что античный нарратив достаточно достоверно отражает особенности поведения Кинаны и Адеи-Эвридики, плохо вписывающегося в характерные для греческого мира установки, не допускавшие активного участия женщин в боевых действиях. Присутствовавшие у Кинаны и Адеи-Эвридики воинские качества были сформированы под влиянием иллирийских традиций, носительницей которых была первая жена Филиппа II Аудата. Немалую роль в обеспечении возможности для реализации уникальных для женщин из дома Аргеадов навыков сыграли особенности македонского государства, где представительницы правящей династии являлись значимыми субъектами политической жизни и при определенных обстоятельствах могли решать военные задачи. Еще одним фактором стала политическая ситуация эпохи диадохов, когда исчезновение легитимного центра вла-сти активизировало борьбу за власть и сделало военную силу главным средством удовлетворения политических амбиций.
The main aim of this research is the analysis of the phenomenon of Macedonian female warriors Cynane and Adea-Eurydice. The research objectives are determination of the nature and degree of reliability ancient reports on the special qualities of these women, identification of possible prerequisites for the formation of these traits, comparison of the behavior of Cynane and her daughter Adea-Eurydice with the traditional female gender role for Macedonia. A multi-faceted approach to the ancient narrative sources, methods of comparative historical analysis and content analysis have been used. It defends that the ancient narrative fairly reliably reflects the peculiarities of the behavior of Cynane and Adea-Eurydice, which differs significantly from the attitudes characteristic of the Greek world that did not allow active participation of women in hostilities. The military qualities present in Cynane and Adea-Eurydice were formed under the influence of Illyrian traditions, the bearer of which was Audata, the wife of Philip II. A significant role in providing opportunities for the implementation of unique skills for women from the Argead house was played by the peculiarities of the Macedonian state, where representatives of the ruling dynasty were significant subjects of political life and, under certain circumstances, could solve military tasks. Another factor was the political situation of the age of diadochos, when the disappearance of the legitimate center of power intensified the struggle for power and made military force the main means of satisfying political ambitions.
КАЗУС ШАМАХАНСКОЙ ЦАРИЦЫ: «ЖЕНСКИЙ» ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ МУЖСКОГО НАСИЛИЯ?
Authors: СЕЛИВАНОВА Л.Л. 
Published: November 2022

На современном этапе происходит переосмысление понятия «варварства» и его роли в мировой истории. Как наиболее коварная форма деструкции оно особенно ярко проявляется в гендерном ракурсе. Половые роли в традиционных обществах определены с самого рождения человека: мужское — активное, прямое, открытое, агрессивное начало, публичная сфера, женское — пассивное, опосредованное, скрытое, подчиненное, частная сфера: семья, брак, домашнее хозяйство. Однако они не являются застывшими, приобретая вcë бoлee пpoизвoльный xapaктep по мере развития общества. Статья посвящена теме гендерных парадоксов варварства в мировой истории, отраженных в литературе. О том, как мужчины прибегают к «женскому» инструментарию насилия для получения власти и богатства, идёт речь в этой статье на примере «Сказки o зoлoтoм пeтyшкe» А.С. Пушкина и связанных с ней аллюзий, знаков и символов. Особое внимание в этом контексте автор уделяет месту и роли религиозного скопчества. Автор заключает, что по мере усложнения цивилизационного развития гендерное варварство тоже усложняется и может приобретать такие изощренные формы, когда происходит латентный обмен половыми ролями в рамках традиционных ценностей.
Our age happens to reconceptualize “barbarism” and its role in the history of the world. It reveals itself as most insidiously destructive from a gender perspective. Traditional societies define gender roles from the moment of one’s birth: the male role is seen as being active, straightforward, open, and aggressive, with a focus on the public sphere, whereas the female role is presented as passive, indirect, concealed, subordinate, and consigned to the private sphere, including the family, married life, and the household. These roles, however, are not set in stone, and they acquire a more and more arbitrary character with the development of society. This article examines barbarism’s gender paradoxes as reflected in literary works, focusing on the male use of the “female” toolkit of violence for procuring power and wealth based on allusions, signs, and symbols in the text of “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel” by A.S. Pushkin. In this context, the author pays particular attention to the place and role of the sect of the Skoptsy. The author concludes that the mounting complexity of human development triggers the rising complexity of gender barbarism, whose more and more sophisticated forms include a latent exchange of gender roles within the traditional system of values. Keywords: gender barbarism, the sect of the Khlysty, the sect of the Skoptsy, a “female” toolkit, the Shamakhi Queen, A.S. Pushkin, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, the ancient East, Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Russia in the 18th –20th centuries.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND GENDER RECONSTRUCTION IN THE EARLY NOMADS (AN EXAMPLE OF THE SARMATIANS)
Authors: ВДОВЧЕНКОВ Е.В. 
Published: November 2022

В статье выявляются возможности исследования гендерной структуры и отношений у сарматов на основании археологических данных. Особое внимание уделено погребениям женщин с предметами вооружения и в целом значению оружия для сарматского социума. В результате исследования делается вывод, что системный анализ мужской и женской субкультур разного возраста позволяет реконструировать гендерные роли и статусы в изучаемой группе.
The article reveals the possibilities of studying the gender structure and relations among the Sarmatians on the basis of archaeological data. Particular attention is paid to the burials of women with weapons and, in general, the importance of weapons for Sarmatian society. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the systematic analysis of male and female subcultures of different ages allows us to reconstruct gender roles and statuses in the study group.
THE NECROPOLIS “BELINSKOE HILLFORT” IN THE EASTERN CRIMEA IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER ATTRIBUTION OF THE FUNERAL GOODS
Authors: ЗУБАРЕВ В.Г. , ЯРЦЕВ С.В. , ВНУКОВ А.А. , МАЛИНИН М.А. 
Published: November 2022

Статья посвящена анализу античных склепов и могил некрополя Белинского городища. Памятник расположен в Восточном Крыму и датируется II–V вв. н.э. На начальном этапе Белинское городище являлось одной из самых мощных пограничных крепостей Боспорского царства. Специфика жизни воинского гарнизона крепости, безусловно, нашла свое отражение и в особенностях погребального обряда местного населения. Особый интерес у авторов вызвали погребения с ярко выраженными нарушениями гендерной атрибуции. На основе анализа материала собственных археологических раскопок, авторы приходят к выводу, что наличие женского погребального инвентаря в мужских захоронениях или наоборот — мужского в женском, отражают не только прижизненный статус усопшего, но и некоторые религиозные воззрения жителей крепости. По мнению авторов, подобные предметы могли представлять собой жертвоприношение богам или предкам. Наличие же в некоторых погребальных комплексах вещей, принадлежавших разным этническим группам, исследователи связывают с существующей во II–III вв. н.э. на Белинском городище практикой межэтнических браков.
The article deals with the analysis of ancient crypts and graves in the necropolis of “Belinskoe hillfort”. The archaeological site is located in the Eastern Crimea and dates from the 2–5th centuries AD. At its initial stage, the Belinskoe hillfort settlement was one of the most powerful frontier fortresses of the Bosporan kingdom. The specific lifestyle of the military garrison of the fortress was undoubtedly reflected in the funeral rites of the local population. The authors were particularly interested in burials with pronounced gender attribution disorders. On the basis of an analysis of the material from their own archaeological excavations, the authors conclude that the presence of female funerary implements in male burials or vice versa — of the male in the female, reflects not only the lifetime status of the deceased, but also certain religious beliefs of the fortress residents. According to the authors, such objects may have represented an offering to the gods or ancestors. Researchers link the presence of items belonging to different ethnic groups in some burial complexes to the practice of inter-ethnic marriages in the Belinsky hillfort in the 2nd –3rd centuries A.D.
THE INEXTRICABLE LINK BETWEEN CIVILIZATION AND BARBARISM: TYPES OF MARTIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN FRANCE IN THE 14th – 15 th CENTURIES
Authors: КУЗЬМИНА М.В. 
Published: November 2022

Статья посвящена проблеме сосуществования различных форм брачно-семейных отношений в средневековой Франции в XIV–XV веках. Цивилизаторская деятельность Церкви, направленная на внедрение христианских нравственных норм, смягчение нравов, тем не менее не смогла искоренить бытование таких форм взаимоотношений в супружеской паре, которые даже по меркам Средневековья могли бы считаться чересчур жестокими и грубыми, то есть варварскими. Однако существование таких форм в какой-то мере отвечало превалирующему в этот исторический период отношению к женщинам как более слабым, менее умным и вздорным созданиям, требующим постоянного контроля, чему способствовала и сама Церковь. Средневековый человек, для которого важным было сохранение реноме своей семьи и брака, обращал большое внимание на соответствие поведения каждого отдельного члена общества общепринятым нормам и правилам. Отклонение от них, что могло вызвать исключение индивида из сообществ, грозило разрушением социального порядка, поэтому могло жёстко наказываться, даже переходя рамки разумного.
The article is devoted to the problem of the coexistence of the different forms of marriage and family relationships in medieval France in the XIV-XV centuries. The civilizing activities of the Church and the legal regulation of the life of subjects by royalty, aimed at introducing Christian moral norms, softening morals and observing laws, nevertheless, could not eradicate the existence of such forms of relations in a married couple, which, even by the standards of the Middle Ages, could be recognized too cruel and rude, that is, barbaric Nevertheless, the existence of such forms to some extent corresponded to the prevailing attitude in this historical period towards women as weaker, less intelligent and absurd creatures requiring constant control, which was also facilitated by the Church itself. A medieval individual, for whom it was important to preserve the reputation of his family and marriage, paid great attention to the compliance of the behavior of each individual member of society with generally accepted norms and rules. Deviation from them, causing the exclusion of the individual from the community, threatening to destroy the social order, that is why it could be severely punished, even going beyond the reasonable limits.
INCONSISTENT IMAGE OF A WOMAN-WARRIOR IN WESTERN EUROPEAN LITERARY SOURCES OF 14th –16th CENTURIES: THE MASULINITY OF POWER AND FEMININE BARBARIANS
Authors: Бычков П. П. 
Published: November 2022

На протяжении Средневековья складывалась собственная модель интерпретации античного мифа об амазонках, согласно которой они представлялись варварским народом, обитавшим вместе с монстрами на окраинах ойкумены. Но в преддверии эпохи Возрождения создаются литературные источники, по-иному раскрывавшие образ амазонок, в частности, Кристина де Пизан выбирает их в качестве защитниц чести женского пола. В то же время и на заре Нового времени сочинения европейских авторов утверждали, что Индия и прочие отдалённые страны населены амазонками и соседствующими с ними монстрами и каннибалами. Даже после того, как европейцы установили, что Христофор Колумб обнаружил не западный проход в Индию, а новый континент, сопоставление Америки и амазонок будет сохраняться в образе аллегорической женской фигуры, покорённой мужчиной-конкистадором. Для инверсии ролей завоевателя и подданной женщинам XV–XVI вв. необходимо было сконструировать маскулинный образ при помощи мужского костюма и инсигний.
During the Middle Ages was formed an original interpretive model of Amazon Myth which represented them as barbarians living among monsters on the outskirts of the Ecumene. But as the Renaissance was approaching, other interpretation of this archetype emerged: particularly, Christine de Pizan included Amazon queens in her “Book of the City of Ladies” as the defenders of womanhood. Imagination and medieval literary tradition inhabited India and other distant lands by Amazons and their cannibal and monstrous neighbor, and even upon the revelation that Columbus discovered not a passage to India but a whole new continent Amazons would still represent America as an allegorical figure conquered by a masculine warrior. It was necessary for a woman to construct a masculine representation in XV–XVIth cc. if she needed to replace a man as a ruler or a warrior, particularly with insignia and a man’s costume.