bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-patient psychiatric care and non-substance-related psychiatric diagnoses among individuals seeking treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders: associations with all-cause mortality and suicide
Authors: Levola Jonna , Laine Riku , Pitkänen Tuuli 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe largest excess mortality risk has been reported for combinations of psychiatric disorders that included substance use disorders.AimsTo study the associations of different non-substance-related in-patient psychiatric diagnoses with all-cause mortality and suicide up to 28 years of age after entering substance use treatment.MethodNational register data on psychiatric hospital admissions and death were combined with the treatment records of over 10 000 individuals in substance use treatment between 1990 and 2009. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for all-cause and suicide-specific mortality from the time of entering substance use treatment.ResultsNearly one-third (31.4%; n = 3330) of the study population had died during follow-up or by their 65th birthday, with more than one in ten (n = 385) from suicide. Over half of the study population (53.2%) had undergone psychiatric in-patient care and 14.1% involuntary psychiatric care during the study period. Bipolar disorder and unipolar depression were associated with a 57% (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.18–2.10) and 132% (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.21–4.46) increase in risk of suicide, respectively. Involuntary psychiatric care was associated with a 40% increase in risk of suicide (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.05–1.94).ConclusionSevere psychiatric morbidity is common among individuals seeking treatment for alcohol and/or substance use and specifically mood disorders appear to increase the risk of suicide. Treatment service planning needs to focus on integrated care for concomitant substance use and psychiatric disorders to address this risk.
Henry C. Carey's Monetary Thought and American Industrialization in the Greenback Debate
Authors: Valeonti Sofia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article seeks to reveal the links between Henry C. Carey's monetary theory in the greenback debate and the sectionalist issue within the US Reconstruction period. Sectionalism refers to the economic, political, and cultural differences between the North and South that led to the Civil War and persisted during Reconstruction. It is well known that Carey perceived those differences before the war and proposed, on grounds of his economic development theory, to alleviate sectionalism through a protective tariff. What is hardly known is that Carey continued to engage with the sectionalist issue in its new form during the Reconstruction period and tried to offer a solution to it via protectionism and greenbacks. He showed how greenbacks could put in motion a virtuous cycle of economic development and tied his solution to sectionalism to national independence.
Avoiding obstacles while intercepting a moving target: a miniature fly's solution
Authors: Fabian Samuel T. , Sumner Mary E. , Wardill Trevor J. , Gonzalez-Bellido Paloma T. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The miniature robber fly Holcocephala fusca intercepts its targets with behaviour that is approximated by the proportional navigation guidance law. During predatory trials, we challenged the interception of H. fusca performance by placing a large object in its potential flight path. In response, H. fusca deviated from the path predicted by pure proportional navigation, but in many cases still eventually contacted the target. We show that such flight deviations can be explained as the output of two competing navigational systems: pure-proportional navigation and a simple obstacle avoidance algorithm. Obstacle avoidance by H. fusca is here described by a simple feedback loop that uses the visual expansion of the approaching obstacle to mediate the magnitude of the turning-away response. We name the integration of this steering law with proportional navigation ‘combined guidance’. The results demonstrate that predatory intent does not operate a monopoly on the fly's steering when attacking a target, and that simple guidance combinations can explain obstacle avoidance during interceptive tasks.
Correlation between serum methotrexate-polyglutamate 3 (MTX-PG3) level and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Musdalita Eva , Hidayat Rudy , Sumariyono Sumariyono , Kusumo Wibowo Suryo Anggoro , Ariane Anna , Shatri Hamzah , Rengganis Iris , Antono Dono 
Published: February 2022

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, characterized by systemic inflammation, joint destruction and disability. Methotrexate (MTX) is used as the primary treatment for RA patients. However, the response to MTX therapy is highly varied and difficult to predict. This study sought to determine the role of MTX by measuring the MTX polyglutamate 3 (MTX-PG3) levels and the disease activity score 28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) of RA patients. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Rheumatology Polyclinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Thirty-four patients with RA were included and followed up to 12 weeks. The RA patients were treated with MTX 10 mg per week and an increased dose of 5 mg per week every month. DAS28-CRP and MTX-PG3 level were assessed at week 8 and 12. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between MTX-PG3 and DAS28-CRP. Result: A total of 34 RA patients were followed and the MTX was well tolerated in which no increase of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were observed. The mean scores of DAS28-CRP decreased following the MTX-treatment: 3.93, 3.22 and 2.82 at week 0, 8 and 12, respectively. In contrast, the median concentration of MTX-PG3 increased from week 8 to week 12 followed by increasing the dose of MTX. Our analysis suggested there was a moderate positive correlation between MTX-PG3 levels and DAS28-CRP score at week 8 and week 12 post-MTX treatment. Conclusion: The level of MTX-PG3 is correlated with DAS28-CRP score suggesting that MTX-PG3 could be used as an indicator to assess the disease activity in RA patients. Nevertheless, a prospective study with a higher number of patients is needed to confirm this finding.
Rice husk and melaleuca biochar additions reduce soil CH4 and N2O emissions and increase soil physicochemical properties
Authors: Tran Sy Nam , Huynh Van Thao , Chiem Nguyen Huu , Nguyen Van Cong , Mitsunori Tarao 
Published: February 2022

Background: Biochar is a promising material in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from paddy fields due to its remarkable structural properties. Rice husk biochar (RhB) and melaleuca biochar (MB) are amendment materials that could be used to potentially reduce emissions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, their effects on CH4 and N2O emissions and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: We conducted a field experiment using biochar additions to the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Five treatments comprising 0 t ha-1 (CT0); 5 t ha-1 (RhB5) and 10 t ha-1 (RhB10), and 5 t ha-1 (MB5) and 10 t ha-1 (MB10) were designed plot-by-plot (20 m2) in triplicates. Results: The results showed that biochar application from 5 to 10 t ha-1 significantly decreased cumulative CH4 (24.2-28.0%, RhB; 22.0-14.1%, MB) and N2O (25.6-41.0%, RhB; 38.4–56.4%, MB) fluxes without a reduction in grain yield. Increasing the biochar application rate further did not decrease significantly total CH4 and N2O fluxes but was seen to significantly reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scale GWP in the RhB treatments. Biochar application improved soil Eh but had no effects on soil pH. Whereas CH4 flux correlated negatively with soil Eh (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.552, RhB; P < 0.001; r2 = 0.502, MB). Ameliorating soil aeration and functions by adding RhB and MB resulted in improving soil physicochemical properties, especially significant SOM and AN boosting, which indicate better soil health, structure, and fertility. Conclusions: Biochar supplementation significantly reduced CH4 and N2O fluxes and improved soil mineralization and physicochemical properties toward beneficial for rice plants. The results suggest that the optimal combination of biochar-application rates and effective water-irrigation techniques for soil types in the MD should be further studied in future works.
Incentivizing Effort Allocation Through Resource Allocation: Evidence from Scientists’ Response to Changes in Funding Policy
Authors: Blomfield Michael , Vakili Keyvan 
Published: February 2022

Prior research in management and economics has predominantly focused on how managers or policymakers can shape workers’ allocation of effort using output-based or effort-based incentives. In many settings, however, managers may seek to influence workers’ effort choices through resource allocation—that is, changing the cost of securing resources for different projects or activities. In this paper, we develop a formal model to investigate how a worker changes the allocation of a fixed amount of effort across different projects in response to changes in the cost of securing resources for each project. Our model shows how cutting resources available to one project, under certain circumstances, can inadvertently reduce the share of effort allocated to other projects and vice versa. We use the insights from the model to explore the effectiveness of funding strategies designed to influence the research direction of academic scientists. We specifically examine how U.S. scientists working in stem cell research responded to a 2001 policy change that restricted access to federal funding for research in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) area. In line with our model’s predictions, we find that cutting resources for hESC research inadvertently reduced U.S. scientists’ output in non-hESC areas of stem cell research—an effect that is strongest among the highest-ability scientists. Our findings highlight the complexities of incentivizing effort allocation using resource-based incentives. In particular, we show how altering resource-based incentives in one area can have unforeseen spillover effects on effort allocation in other areas. Funding: Financial support from the London Business School is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1565 .
Effect of Particle Size and Solid-to-Solvent Ratio on Yield, Piperine Content, Volatile and Non-Volatile Contents of Black Pepper Oleoresin Extracts
Authors: Induruwa Vidana Arachchige Don Chaminda Sampath Induruwa , Jittanit Weerachet 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsThe extraction of black pepper oleoresin was investigated by varying particle size and solid-to-solvent ratio.The oleoresin extraction yield and piperine content were improved by decreasing particle size of pepper powder.An increase of solid-to-solvent ratio from 1:5 to 1:10 resulted in the greater oleoresin extraction yield.Suitable particle size and solid-to-solvent ratio for extraction are below 0.125 mm and 1:10, respectively. Abstract. Black pepper oleoresin is extensively applied as a natural flavoring ingredient in the food industry. It contains piperine which has various benefits for human health. However, limited research has been conducted on black pepper oleoresin extraction, especially regarding the influence of key parameters on the yield and quality of the oleoresin product. Therefore, this research determined the effect of particle size and the solid-to-solvent ratio on the yield and quality of black pepper oleoresin extracted using the soxtec method. Four different particle sizes and four solid-to-solvent ratios were evaluated using ethanol as the solvent. The moisture content of black pepper powder, the oleoresin yield, the piperine content and the volatile oil and non-volatile oil contents were determined. The moisture content of the black pepper powder was 12.5% whereas the oleoresin and volatile oil contents of black pepper were 16.2% d.b. and 3.9% d.b., respectively. Both the yield and piperine content of oleoresin significantly increased with decreasing particle size from 0.5 to &lt;1 mm to smaller than 0.125 mm. A decrease in the solid-to-solvent ratio from 1:5 to 1:10 significantly increased the oleoresin yield; however, a ratio lower than 1:10 did not provide any significant increase in the oleoresin yield. Decreasing the solid-to-solvent ratio led to a significant increase in the piperine content of oleoresin only when the ratio decreased from 1:5 to 1:20. There were no significant effects of particle size or the solid-to-solvent ratio on the volatile oil and non-volatile oil contents in the oleoresin. A suitable particle size and solid-to-solvent ratio were below 0.125 mm and 1:10, respectively, regarding increased yield and piperine content in the oleoresin. These results have contributed to a better understanding of the key factors affecting the yield and piperine content of black pepper oleoresin and of the conditions suitable for black pepper oleoresin extraction which can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Black pepper oleoresin, Particle size, Piperine, Solid-to-solvent ratio, Soxtec method.
Effects of Different Potassium Supply Levels on Potassium Fertilizer of Bananas under Drip Irrigation
Authors: Zheng Chao , Yang Xiaofei , Liu Kexing , Huang Yongxiang 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsThe effects of different potassium levels on banana production were investigated under drip irrigation.The most economical and rational potassium level for Brazil 118 was recommended to be 675 kg/ha.Fertilization plays an important role in improving the potassium fertilizer efficiency of bananas.Abstract.Applying potassium with water is an effective way to meet the potassium needs of banana and improve the utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer. This paper aims to explore the fertilizer effect of different potassium levels on banana production under drip irrigation to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient and rational utilization of potassium fertilizer in banana production. Brazilian banana was used in the field experiment in this study. Under the condition of applying nitrogen fertilizer (N 750 kg/ha) and phosphate fertilizer (P2O5 450 kg/ha), five potassium supply levels of CK (without potassium fertilizer), K1 (K2O 225 kg/ha), K2 (450 kg/ha), K3 (675 kg/ha), and K4 (900 kg/ha) were employed to study the effects of drip irrigation on banana yield, fruit quality and economic benefits. The results showed that drip irrigation with potassium application could significantly increase the pseudo-stem diameter, fruits per comb, and green leaves of bananas (P&lt;0.05). The banana yield with K3 treatment was 45.11 t/ha, which was 73.97%, 37.87%, 11.11%, and 5.67% higher than those with CK, K1, K2, and K4, respectively. The net cash income with K3 treatment was 122400 Chinese yuan/ha, increased by 57.32% compared with the CK treatment, and the output/input ratio increased from 1.41:1 to 3.11:1. Considering the increasing yield and economic benefits of bananas, application of drip irrigation coupled with the optimized potassium dosage (K2O 675 kg/ha) could achieve the highest banana production. Keywords: Banana, Drip irrigation, Economic benefit, Fruit quality, Potassium application level.
Picosecond-resolution single-photon time lens for temporal mode quantum processing
Authors: Joshi Chaitali , Sparkes Ben M. , Farsi Alessandro , Gerrits Thomas , Verma Varun , Ramelow Sven , Nam Sae Woo , Gaeta Alexander L. 
Published: February 2022

Techniques to control the spectro-temporal properties of quantum states
of light at ultrafast time scales are crucial for numerous
applications in quantum information science. In this work, we report
an all-optical time lens for quantum signals based on Bragg-scattering
four-wave mixing with picosecond resolution. Our system achieves a
temporal magnification factor of 158 with single-photon level inputs,
which is sufficient to overcome the intrinsic timing jitter of
superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We demonstrate
discrimination of two terahertz-bandwidth, single-photon-level pulses
with 2.1 ps resolution (electronic jitter corrected resolution of
1.25 ps). We draw on elegant tools from Fourier optics to further show
that the time-lens framework can be extended to perform complex
unitary spectro-temporal transformations by imparting optimized
temporal and spectral phase profiles to the input waveforms. Using
numerical optimization techniques, we show that a four-stage
transformation can realize an efficient temporal mode sorter that
demultiplexes 10 Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes. Our time-lens-based
framework represents a new toolkit for arbitrary spectro-temporal
processing of single photons, with applications in temporal mode
quantum processing, high-dimensional quantum key distribution,
temporal mode matching for quantum networks, and quantum-enhanced
sensing with time-frequency entangled states.
Augmented Reality und Virtual Reality – Einsatz im Kontext von Arbeit, Forschung und Lehre
Authors: Knoll Matthias , Stieglitz Stefan 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungTechnologien zur Unterstützung von Augmented Reality (AR) und Virtual Reality (VR) setzen sich mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit am Markt durch und ermöglichen so das seit vielen Jahren bekannte AR-/VR-Konzept in vielfältigen industriellen, dienstleistungsorientierten, hochschulischen und privaten Einsatzbereichen zu betriebswirtschaftlich sinnvollen Rahmenbedingungen anzuwenden. Insbesondere im Endkundenmarkt erschließen sich einschlägige Anwendungen einen stark wachsenden Markt. AR und VR werden über die bislang in diesem Bereich dominierende Spieleindustrie hinaus „alltagstauglich“.Für eine vertiefende Diskussion einzelner Einsatzbereiche und Herausforderungen ist es daher zunächst hilfreich, die Begrifflichkeiten voneinander abzugrenzen und die mit dem Einsatz verbundenen begleitenden Chancen und Risiken im konkreten Projektkontext adressieren zu können.Dieser Beitrag definiert daher zunächst die zentralen Begriffe und stellt anschließend grundlegende Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und wichtige Einsatzgebiete vor. Er unterstützt zudem bei der Betrachtung von Vor- und Nachteilen, insbesondere im Kontext der Suche nach passenden Lösungen und des Risikomanagements und schließt mit Hinweisen für den Einstieg in Technologie und Anwendung.
Relationship between lay and expert perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine development timelines in Canada and USA
Authors: Kane Patrick Bodilly , Moyer Hannah , MacPherson Amanda , Papenburg Jesse , Ward Brian J. , Broomell Stephen B. , Kimmleman Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
Compare lay expectations of medical development to those of experts in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.

Methods
A short online survey of experts and lay people measuring when participants believe important vaccine milestones would occur and how likely potential setbacks were. Samples of US and Canadian lay people recruited through Qualtrics. The expert sample was created through a contact network in vaccine development and supplemented with corresponding authors of recent scholarly review articles on vaccine development.

Results
In aggregate, lay people gave responses that were within 3 months of experts, tending to be later than experts for early milestones and earlier for later milestones. Median lay best estimates for when a vaccine would be available to the public were 08/2021 and 09/2021 for the US and Canadian samples, compared with 09-10/2021 for the experts. However, many individual lay responses showed more substantial disagreement with expert opinions, with 54% of lay best estimates of when a vaccine would be available to the public being before the median expert soonest estimate or after the median expert latest estimate. Lay people were much more pessimistic about vaccine development encountering setbacks than experts (median probability 59% of boxed warning compared with only 30% for experts). Misalignment between layperson and expert expectations was not explained by any demographic variables collected in our survey.

Conclusion
Median lay expectations were generally similar to experts. At the individual level, however, lay people showed substantial variation with many believing milestones would occur much sooner than experts. Lay people were in general much more pessimistic about the prospect of setbacks than were experts.
Secondary primary malignancy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: 27-year experience from the perspective of diagnostic tools
Authors: Wang Shih-Wei , Chan Leong-Perng , Wang Ling-Feng , Wu Che-Wei , Lin Sheng-Hsuan , Huang Tzu-Yen , Lee Ka-Wo 
Published: February 2022

Background
The survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with secondary primary malignancy (SPM) showed no significant improvement for decades, however, the impact of advances in diagnostic tools is rarely mentioned. This study investigated the clinical characteristic of HNSCC with SPM over a 27-year period especially from the perspective of diagnostic tools.

Methods
This study evaluated 157 HNSCC patients with SPM. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of SPM diagnosis (Group A:1992–2003; Group B: 2004–2014). Age, gender, stage of first primary malignancy (FPM), SPM interval, overall survival, and disease-free survival were compared between groups.

Results
Group B had significantly more SPM developed rate (p = 0.002), more SPM patients with advanced stage of FPM (p = 0.001), synchronous SPM (p = 0.006), and shorter SPM interval (p<0.001) compared to Group A. The survival rate in Group B was not significantly better than Group A.

Conclusion
Among patients diagnosed with HNSCC recently, more SPMs are diagnosed in a shorter time interval and in a more advanced stage. The overall advances in diagnostic tools cannot significantly improve SPM survival, however, it enables more patients to receive corresponding treatment.
Immunogenic properties of empty pcDNA3 plasmid against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice
Authors: Montakhab-Yeganeh Hossein , Shafiei Reza , Najm Mehdi , Masoori Leila , Aspatwar Ashok , Badirzadeh Alireza 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLeishmania(L) parasite, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), effectively stimulates the mammalian cells to mount strong humoral responses by enhancing T-helper-2 (Th2)-associated cytokines for its survival. The best strategy to decrease the intensity of infection in the host is induction of cellular immunity.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of the empty bacterial pcDNA3 plasmid on mice infected withL.majorand quantified the immune mediators including IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IgG2a, IgG1, arginase activity and nitric oxide (NO) in the mice. Moreover, the footpad lesion size and parasite load were assessed.ResultsWe observed that pcDNA3 could modulate the immune responses in favor of host cells and decrease the disease severity. Th2- associated mediators, including arginase, IL-4, and IL-10 are downregulated, while cellular responses are upregulated in line with an increase in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interfero-gamma (IFN-γ). Interestingly, pcDNA3 induced specific Th1-associated antibodies, IgG2a isotype; however, it suppressed the production of humoral IgG1. The stimulation of the immune response by the empty pcDNA3 is able to shift the immune function to predominant cellular responses caused by Th1, and it had a positive effect on the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL).ConclusionsAltogether, we introduced the pcDNA3 as a potential interfering factor in the modulation of the immune system against ZCL. Since this vector has been widely used as a control group in different studies, we suggest that the potential function of the empty vector should be deeply assessed, as it exerts anti-parasitic effects on mice infected withL.major.