bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human induced pluripotent stem cells integrate, create synapses and extend long axons after spinal cord injury
Authors: Lavoie Nicolas Stoflet , Truong Vincent , Malone Dane , Pengo Thomas , Patil Nandadevi , Dutton James R. , Parr Ann M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNumerous interventions have been explored in animal models using cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the context of neural injury with some success. Our work seeks to transplant cells that are generated from hiPSCs into regionally specific spinal neural progenitor cells (sNPCs) utilizing a novel accelerated differentiation protocol designed for clinical translation. We chose a xenotransplantation model because our laboratory is focused on the behaviour of human cells in order to bring this potential therapy to translation. Cells were transplanted into adult immunodeficient rats after moderate contusion spinal cord injury (SCI). Twelve weeks later, cells derived from the transplanted sNPCs survived and differentiated into neurons and glia that filled the lesion cavity and produced a thoracic spinal cord transcriptional program in vivo. Furthermore, neurogenesis and ionic channel expression were promoted within the adjacent host spinal cord tissue. Transplanted cells displayed robust integration properties including synapse formation and myelination by host oligodendrocytes. Axons from transplanted hiPSC sNPC‐derived cells extended both rostrally and caudally from the SCI transplant site, rostrally approximately 6 cm into supraspinal structures. Thus, iPSC‐derived sNPCs may provide a patient‐specific cell source for patients with SCI that could provide a relay system across the site of injury.
Downregulation of MEG3 and upregulation of EZH2 cooperatively promote neuroblastoma progression
Authors: Ye Mujie , Gao Runnan , Chen Shiyu , Wei Meng , Wang Jing , Zhang Bowen , Wu Suwen , Xu Yuexin , Wu Peixuan , Chen Xin , Ma Jing , Ma Duan , Dong Kuiran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB), an embryonic tumour originating from sympathetic crest cells, is the most common extracranial solid tumour type in children with poor overall prognosis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in numerous biological processes and their associations with embryonic development and multiple diseases. Ectopic lncRNA expression is linked to malignant tumours. Previous studies by our team indicate that MEG3 attenuates NB autophagy through inhibition of FOXO1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition via the mTOR pathway in vitro. Moreover, MEG3 and EZH2 negatively regulate each other. In present study, we first collected 60 NB tissues and 20 adjacent tissues for Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) experiments and performed clinical correlation analysis of the results. At the same time, nude mice were used for subcutaneous tumour formation to detect the effect of MEG3 in vivo. Two NB cell lines, SK‐N‐AS and SK‐N‐BE(2)C, were overexpressed MEG3 and rescued with EZH2 and then were subjected to proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and autophagy experiments. RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Co‐Immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of MEG3 and EZH2 interaction. Q‐PCR revealed that MEG3 expression was negatively correlated with INSS stage and risk grade of NB. Moreover, MEG3 overexpression was associated with inhibition of NB growth in vivo. MEG3 exerted an anti‐cancer effect via stimulatory effects on EZH2 ubiquitination leading to its degradation. Conversely, EZH2 interacted with DNMT1 and HDAC1 to induce silencing of MEG3. The EZH2 inhibitor, DZNep, and HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, displayed synergistic activity against NB. Combined treatment with DZNep and SAHA inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of NB through suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/FOXO1 pathway. In conclusion, downregulation of MEG3 and upregulation of EZH2 forms a feedback loop that concertedly promotes the development of NB. Combined blockage of EZH2 and HDAC1 with the appropriate inhibitors may therefore present an effective treatment strategy for NB cases with low MEG3 and high EZH2 expression.
Dual resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)
Authors: Avila Brian W. , Winkelman Dana L. , Fetherman Eric R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAquatic pathogens are a major concern for fish hatchery production, fisheries management, and conservation, and disease control needs to be addressed. Two important salmonid pathogens are Myxobolus cerebralis and Flavobacterium psychrophilum that cause whirling disease and bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), respectively. Innate disease resistance is a potential option for reducing disease‐related mortality in hatchery‐reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Two experiments were conducted to assess pathogen resistance of first‐generation (F1) rainbow trout created by crossing M. cerebralis‐ and F. psychrophilum‐resistant strains. In the first experiment, we exposed two rainbow trout strains and one F1 cross to six treatments: control (no exposure), mock injection, F. psychrophilum only, M. cerebralis only, F. psychrophilum then M. cerebralis, and M. cerebralis then F. psychrophilum. Results indicated that the F1 cross was not resistant to either pathogen. In the second experiment, we exposed five rainbow trout strains and four rainbow trout crosses to F. psychrophilum. The second experiment indicated that at least one rainbow trout cross was F. psychrophilum‐resistant. Achieving dual resistance may be possible using selective breeding but only some multigenerational strains are suitable candidates for further evaluation.
It's about gender: A critical review of the literature on the domestic division of work
Authors: Dominguez‐Folgueras Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFamily scholars have used several approaches to explain the division of domestic work: economic exchange, time availability, and gender. These are often presented as analytically different and competing perspectives, although the consensus in the literature is that all of them contribute to explaining the division of work. This article presents a critical appraisal of this literature that intends to move research forward in three ways: first, by highlighting how these approaches are empirically and analytically interdependent, and therefore should not be studied separately. Second, by arguing that one of them—the gender perspective—takes analytical precedence. The underlying argument is that both economic factors and time availability are not gender‐neutral and can thus be accounted for using a gender perspective. Finally, the article illustrates how using an integrative approach to gender—Risman's gender as a social structure—can provide a more fruitful way to analyze the gendered division of work.
Quantifying urban mass gain and loss by a GIS‐based material stocks and flows analysis
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Li Jiajia , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Song Lulu , Dai Shaoqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid urbanization generates substantial demand, use, and demolition waste of construction materials. However, the existing top‐down or bottom‐up frameworks combining material flow analysis (MFA) and geographic information system (GIS) tend to underestimate both input and output of construction material flows due to insufficient descriptions of key processes in building construction and demolition. To address this limitation, this study identifies four important and complementary processes—construction, demolition, replacement, and maintenance, and integrates them into an improved framework to capture all material flows. We take Xiamen, a rapidly urbanizing city, as a case study to verify this framework. The results show that ∼40% of material inputs and ∼65% of outputs are underestimated by previous frameworks because they fail to capture material inputs in building maintenance and outputs in construction. These findings indicate a better estimation of such key flows in the modeling framework helps to accurately characterize building material metabolism. Based on systematic counting of material stocks and flows, the improved framework can help design effective policies for urban resource management by explicitly recognizing the spatiotemporal patterns and processes of material metabolism.
The metabolite p‐cresol impairs dendritic development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function in hippocampal neurons: Implications for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Guzmán‐Salas Sheyla , Weber André , Malci Ayse , Lin Xiao , Herrera‐Molina Rodrigo , Cerpa Waldo , Dorador Cristina , Signorelli Janetti , Zamorano Pedro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopment disorder resulting from different etiological factors, both genetic and/or environmental. These factors can lead to abnormal neuronal development on dendrite and synaptic function at the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that a subset of ASD patients display increased circulation levels of the tyrosine metabolite, p‐cresol, related to chronic intestinal disorders because of dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. In particular, abnormal presence of intestinal Clostridium sp. has been linked to high levels of p‐cresol in ASD children younger than 8 years. However, the role of p‐cresol during development of the central nervous system is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vitro the effect of p‐cresol on neurite outgrowth in N2a and PC12 cell lines and dendritic morphology, synaptic density, neuronal activity, and calcium responses in primary rat hippocampal neurons. p‐cresol inhibits neural differentiation and neurites outgrowth in N2a and PC12 neuronal cell lines. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, Sholl's analysis shows a decrease in the dendritic arborization of neurons treated with p‐cresol. Synaptic density analyzed with the synaptic markers Piccolo and Shank2 is diminished in hippocampal neurons treated with p‐cresol. Electrically evoked intracellular calcium rise was drastically, but reversely, blocked by p‐cresol, whereas that spontaneous neuronal activity was severely affected by early addition of the metabolite. These findings show that p‐cresol alters dendrite development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function of neurons in culture, therefore, neuronal alterations occurring in ASD children may be related to this metabolite and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.
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The Effects of Abutment Materials on Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue Integration: A Study in Minipigs
Authors: Dethier Frédéric , Bacevic Miljana , Lecloux Geoffrey , Seidel Laurence , Rompen Eric , Lambert France 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate, in a minipig model, the soft tissue integration of four different transmucosal materials, as well as the peri‐implant bone remodeling.Materials and methodsA total of 40 implants were placed in five minipigs in a single stage surgery, and two of each of the following abutment materials were used in each animal: (1) titanium (Ti; control), (2) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), (3) zirconia (Zi), and (4) veneering ceramic (VC). After a healing period of 3 months, the samples were collected and subjected to nondecalcified histology. The soft tissue dimensions (sulcus, junctional epithelium, and connective tissue attachment) were assessed on each abutment and the distance from the implant margin to first bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was measured.ResultsThe mean biological width—characterized by the sum of junctional epithelium and connective tissue measurements—was 3.8 (0.6) mm and no statistically significant difference was found between the four groups (p = 0.41). However, a long junctional epithelium (3.3‐3.8 mm) and a very short connective tissue attachment (0.1‐0.2 mm) were observed with all abutments. The measured peri‐implant bone remodeling was similar in all four groups (p = 0.88).ConclusionsWithin its limitations, this study showed that all tested materials allowed soft tissue integration, consisting of a long junctional epithelium, extending close to the bone level, and a rather short portion of connective tissue.
Homework and Teacher: Relationships Between Elementary School Teachers' Beliefs in Homework and Homework Assignments1
Authors: Urauchi Sakura , Tanno Syota 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to identify elementary school teachers' beliefs in homework and examine the relationships between such beliefs and homework assignments. In the preliminary study, we conducted an open‐ended questionnaire survey and used it to draft the Scale of Elementary School Teachers' Beliefs in Homework. In the main study, an online survey was conducted using the drafted scale, external variables, and an item measuring the amount of homework that teachers assigned. As a result, a four‐factor structure was extracted, comprising “promotion of learning,” “communication,” “habit formation,” and “insight into and evaluation of learning.” These four factors showed a significant correlation with all external variables, except one, as predicted. Specific relationships between teachers' beliefs and the amount of homework were observed. Correlational analysis revealed that the amount of homework significantly correlated with “promotion of learning,” “habit formation,” and “insight into and evaluation of learning.” In multiple regression analysis, “promotion of learning” showed a significant relation with the amount of homework. Further, we discuss the implications for teacher education and teaching practice, study limitations, and directions for future research.
It's nothing personal, or is it? Exploring the competitive implications of relational multiplexity in supply chains
Authors: Howe Michael , Jin Yao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSupply chain relationships—both within and between firms—can have significant implications on the firm's ability to successfully compete. Thus, it is increasingly important for supply chain managers to skillfully navigate multiplex relationships to coordinate and manage resources across functions and firms in today's competitive environment. In this work, we describe, in a supply chain context, how the prevalence of multiplex relationships, which exist when multiple, potentially incongruous relationships are present between firms and among individuals within these firms, is an important basis for individual behaviors that influence firm competitiveness. Drawing on recent advances in the relational multiplexity theoretical perspective, we identify and discuss several research opportunities for enriching our understanding of interpersonal level antecedents of firm competitiveness. Specifically, we present research opportunities related to supply chain behavioral implications of individual differences and socio‐structural adaptation, informal relationship capitalization and creation, temporal orientation and transience, contemporary multiteam structures, and cross‐level relational valence (a)symmetries. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of the informal, interpersonal relationships that overlay formally specified roles and develop representative research questions to spur further exploration in each area.
Non‐protein amino acids identified in carbon‐rich Hayabusa particles
Authors: Parker Eric T. , Chan Queenie H. S. , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmino acid abundances in acid‐hydrolyzed hot water extracts of gold foils containing five Category 3 (carbon‐rich) Hayabusa particles were studied using liquid chromatography with tandem fluorescence and accurate mass detection. Initial particle analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry indicated that the particles were composed mainly of carbon. Prior to amino acid analysis, infrared and Raman microspectroscopy showed some grains possessed primitive organic carbon. Although trace terrestrial contamination, namely l‐protein amino acids, was observed in all Hayabusa extracts, several terrestrially uncommon non‐protein amino acids were also identified. Some Hayabusa particles contained racemic (d≈l) mixtures of the non‐protein amino acids β‐aminoisobutyric acid (β‐AIB) and β‐amino‐n‐butyric acid (β‐ABA) at low abundances ranging from 0.09 to 0.31 nmol g−1. Larger abundances of the non‐protein amino acid β‐alanine (9.2 nmol g−1, ≈4.5 times greater than background levels) were measured in an extract of three Hayabusa particles. This β‐alanine abundance was ≈6 times higher than that measured in an extract of a CM2 Murchison grain processed in parallel. The comparatively high β‐alanine abundance is surprising as asteroid Itokawa is similar to amino acid‐poor LL ordinary chondrites. Elevated β‐alanine abundances and racemic β‐AIB and β‐ABA in Hayabusa grains suggested these compounds have non‐biological and plausibly non‐terrestrial origins. These results are the first evidence of plausibly extraterrestrial amino acids in asteroid material from a sample‐return mission and demonstrate the capabilities of the analytical protocols used to study asteroid Ryugu and Bennu samples returned by the JAXA Hayabusa2 and NASA OSIRIS‐REx missions, respectively.
Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Tian Zhiqiang , Cai Limei , Shen Zhongjian , Michaud J. P. , Zhu Lin , Yan Shuo , Ros Vera I. D. , Hoover Kelli , Li Zhen , Zhang Songdou , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBaculoviruses can induce climbing behaviour in their caterpillar hosts to ensure they die at elevated positions to enhance virus transmission, providing an excellent model to study parasitic manipulation of host behaviour. Here, we demonstrate that climbing behaviour occurred mostly during daylight hours, and that the height at death of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV)‐infected larvae increases with the height of the light source. Phototaxic and electroretinogram (ERG) responses were enhanced after HearNPV‐infection in host larvae, and ablation of stemmata in infected larvae prevented both phototaxis and climbing behaviour. Through transcriptome and quantitative PCR, we confirmed that two opsin genes (a blue light‐sensitive gene, HaBL; and a long wave‐sensitive gene, HaLW) as well as the TRPL (transient receptor potential‐like channel protein) gene, all integral to the host's visual perception pathway, were significantly upregulated after HearNPV infection. Knockout of HaBL, HaLW, or TRPL genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significantly reduced ERG responses, phototaxis, and climbing behaviour in HearNPV‐infected larvae. These results reveal that HearNPV alters the expression of specific genes to hijack host visual perception at fundamental levels—photoreception and phototransduction—in order to induce climbing behaviour in host larvae.
Relationship between non‐syndromic oral clefts and cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Machado Renato Assis , Popoff Daniela Araújo Veloso , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the clinical evidence on the relationship between cancer and non‐syndromic oral cleft (NSOC).MethodsThe review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist, and a literature search was conducted in six databases and gray literature. Studies published in any language mentioning cancer in patients with NSOC and their relatives and NSOC in patients with cancer and their relatives were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessment. After a 2‐step selection process, 33 studies were included: 17 case–control studies, 13 cross‐sectional studies, and 3 case reports.ResultsThe study evaluated 206,096 patients from 20 countries. Of these, 0.35% of patients with cancer (95% CI: 0.0%–1.1%; I2 = 86%), 3.0% of relatives of patients with cancer (95% CI: 1.19%–5.46%; I2 = 55%), and 0.26% of controls (95% CI: 0.0%–0.83%; I2 = 87%) had NSOC. Among the studies that examined the prevalence of cancer, 2.4% (95% CI: 0.0%–19.3%; I2 = 99%) of patients with NSOC, 15.4% of relatives of patients with NSOC (95% CI: 2.0%–37.6%; I2 = 99%), and 5.3% of controls (95% CI: 0.0%–22.8%; I2 = 99%) had cancer. Although no relationship was observed between the risk of cancer in patients with NSOC and the risk of NSOC in patients with cancer, there was an association for an increased risk of cancer in relatives of patients with NSOC (OR: 9.96, 95% CI: 1.55–63.99; p = 0.01) and a significant association for the NSOC risk in relatives of patients with leukemia (OR: 9.31; 95% CI: 1.13–76.67; p = 0.03).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate an increased risk of cancer in relatives of patients with NSOC and that relatives of patients with leukemia were more frequently affected by NSOC. Together, these findings can help guide cancer screening in patients with NSOC and their relatives and shed light on the risk of NSOC in families with a history of cancer.
In‐hospital medical complication in older people after spine surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Strayer Andrea L. , Kuo Wan‐chin , King Barbara J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWorldwide, older people are suffering from lumbar degenerative disease at an annual rate of 266 million. Although spine surgeries restore mobility, reduce pain and resolve neurological damage, these procedures can place older persons at high‐risk for medical complications due to multiple comorbid conditions that are often present in this population. However, the prevalence of complications occurring in older people prior to discharge is unknown. Postoperative medical complications lead to increased healthcare costs as well as pain and potential harm for the patient. Hence, this scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge state regarding in‐hospital medical postoperative complications in older people (≥65 years) after elective spine surgery.MethodA scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley's framework. Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and CINAHL) were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were medical complication(s) after elective spine surgery prior to discharge, age ≥65 years and English language. Co‐occurrence analysis was used to examine how often each complication was examined in the literature and how often the complications co‐occur.ResultsTwenty‐six studies met inclusion criteria. The most frequently examined postoperative medical complications after spine surgery are delirium and urinary tract infection, followed by gastrointestinal and pulmonary embolus. Despite the list of in‐hospital medical complications, definitions or criteria for measurement of any identified complication were sparse and inconsistent. There is a lack of definition or instruments to comprehensively assess medical complications incurred by older people following spine surgery, including characteristics, classification methodology and temporality. To date, no research has been conducted on how older people experience or perceive a medical complication after elective spine surgery.ConclusionThe findings highlight the importance to develop comprehensive instruments to assess co‐occurrence of postoperative medical complications and design interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of medical complications incurred by older people after spine surgery.