bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production and biochemical characterization of α-carbonic anhydrase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Authors: Urbański Linda J. , Bua Silvia , Angeli Andrea , Emameh Reza Zolfaghari , Barker Harlan R. , Kuuslahti Marianne , Hytönen Vesa P. , Parkkila Seppo , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We report the production and biochemical characterization of an α-carbonic anhydrase (LrhCA) from gram-positive probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. CAs form a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze hydration of CO2/interconversion between CO2 and water to bicarbonate ions and protons. They are divided into eight independent gene families (α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι). Interestingly, many pathogens have been identified with only β- and/or γ-CAs, which can be targeted with CA-specific inhibitors (CAIs) acting as anti-pathogen drugs. Since it is important to study the potential off-target effects of CAIs for both the human body and its commensal bacteria, we took L. rhamnosus GG as our study subject. To date, only a single α-CA has been identified in L. rhamnosus GG, which was successfully produced and biochemically characterized. LrhCA showed moderate catalytic activity with the following kinetic parameters: kcat of 9.86 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 1.41 × 107 s−1 M−1. Moderate inhibition was established with 11 of the 39 studied sulfonamides. The best inhibitors were 5-((4-aminophenyl)sulfonamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, 4-(2-hydroxymethyl-4-nitrophenyl-sulfonamidoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide, and benzolamide with Ki values of 319 nM, 378 nM, and 387 nM, respectively. The other compounds showed weaker inhibitory effects. The Ki of acetazolamide, a classical CAI, was 733 nM. In vitro experiments with acetazolamide showed that it had no significant effect on cell growth in L. rhamnosus GG culture. Several sulfonamides, including acetazolamide, are in use as clinical drugs, making their inhibition data highly relevant to avoid any adverse off-target effects towards the human body and its probiotic organisms.

Key points
• The α-carbonic anhydrase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LrhCA) is 24.3 kDa.
• LrhCA has significant catalytic activity with a kcat of 9.9 × 105 s-1.
• Acetazolamide resulted in a marginal inhibitory effect on cell growth.
Midterm results of digastric trochanteric flip osteotomy for high acetabular posterior wall fracture
Authors: Li Yuneng , Ge Yufeng , Liu Haonan , Zhu Shiwen , Wu Xinbao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approach is widely used in surgery of posterior wall fracture of acetabulum. However, challenges are frequently encountered in fractures involving the superior dome due to its short of view. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of digastric trochanteric flip osteotomy (DTFO) in the K-L approach for high posterior wall acetabular fracture (HPWF).

Methods
From January 2014 to December 2016, 39 patients who suffered high posterior wall fracture (HPWF) were included in this retrospective study. All the patients were divided into two groups according to surgery type (17 standard K-L approach (control group), 22 with DTFO (DTFO group)). The Matta criterion was used to evaluate the accuracy of reduction according to post-operative CT image, while modified Harris hip score and 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) were applied to measure the clinical outcomes.

Results
The median follow-up period was 55 (45 to 62.5) months. Blood loss and operation time were similar between the two groups. DTFO group achieved much more anatomical reduction than the control group (54.6% vs. 35.3%; OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.6 ~ 8.08). Significantly better functional outcomes were found in the DTFO group (10% higher points than the control group, p < 0.05). All the patients receiving good-to-anatomical reduction ended with good or excellent outcomes. The total incidence of complications in the DTFO group was much lower than in the control group (40.9% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.07).

Conclusions
Compared with the traditional K-L approach, the intraoperative DTFO technique enabled better quality of reduction in patients with HPWF, thus ensuring superior clinical outcomes.
Retinal vascular occlusion and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Vujosevic Stela , Limoli Celeste , Romano Simona , Vitale Lucia , Villani Edoardo , Nucci Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the clinical and retinal imaging features of patients in whom retinal vascular occlusion (VO) had developed in temporal associations with COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, all consecutive adult patients with new onset VO within 6 weeks of vaccination against COVID-19 were included in the study between May 1 and October 31, 2021. All patients had a systemic medical health assessment, full ophthalmic evaluation, and complete fundus imaging.ResultsFifteen eyes of VO (14 patients) after COVID-19 vaccinations were identified. The median time between vaccination and symptoms onset was 14 days (range 7–42 days). The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/55 with a range of 20/20 to 20/200. Eleven of 15 eyes (73.3%) had visual acuity improvement after intravitreal treatment at 60–90 days (range, 45–105 days) from the presentation. Four of 5 cases without systemic risk factors for VO had a mean BCVA > 20/32 at presentation and > 20/25 at the latest evaluation.Between May 1 and October 31, 2021, a temporal association was found between the 15 reported cases and COVID-19 vaccination out of a total of 29 VO (p = 0.05). The incidence of VO was higher in the considered period compared to the equivalent 6-month period in 2019 (1.17% vs 0.52%, respectively;p = 0.0134).ConclusionsRetinal vascular occlusion with different grades of severity are reported in temporal association with COVID-19 vaccination. The exact pathogenic mechanism needs to be further studied. No certain causal relationship can be established from this case series.
A quality control procedure for long-term series of daily precipitation data in a semiarid environment
Authors: Estévez Javier , Llabrés-Brustenga Alba , Casas-Castillo M. Carmen , García-Marín Amanda Penélope , Kirchner Ricard , Rodríguez-Solà Raül 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The availability of quality precipitation records in the current climate situation is of great importance in the scientific-technical field but also for the public institutions that manage the meteorological networks. This work has implemented a comprehensive spatial quality control procedure in the semiarid region of Andalusia (Southern Spain), using precipitation time series from 1947 stations from three meteorological networks: Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Agroclimatic Information Network of Andalusia (RIA), and Phytosanitary Information Alert Network (RAIF). The method consists of three consecutive steps: basic, absolute, and relative quality control processes. The latter step compares data from neighboring stations taking into account their proximity, height difference, and correlation, leading to a complete evaluation of each daily value. Finally, the quality of each year at each station can be declared as acceptable, good, or excellent. The automatic weather station networks RIA and RAIF gave absolute quality index $$Q$$
Q
above 85% for almost 87% of their stations, while only 57% of AEMET network reached this percentage. However, one of the longest AEMET datasets, San Fernando-Cádiz, obtained, except for 1 year, $$Q$$
Q
values over 90% in all available years for more than a century of measurements, since 1870 until 2000. From a total of more than 15 million daily records, almost 82% was flagged as correct. Despite the limitations of Andalusia region (low density of stations and its structural water deficit), the complete quality control procedure has been satisfactorily applied. Finally, related to the number of outliers, no temporal trend was found across the region.
Graphical abstract
Actomyosin contractility and buckling of microtubules in nucleation, growth and disassembling of focal adhesions
Authors: Palumbo S. , Benvenuti E. , Fraldi M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBuilding up and maintenance of cytoskeletal structure in living cells are force-dependent processes involving a dynamic chain of polymerization and depolymerization events, which are also at the basis of cells’ remodelling and locomotion. All these phenomena develop by establishing cell–matrix interfaces made of protein complexes, known as focal adhesions, which govern mechanosensing and mechanotransduction mechanisms mediated by stress transmission between cell interior and external environment. Within this framework, by starting from a work by Cao et al. (Biophys J 109:1807–1817, 2015), we here investigate the role played by actomyosin contractility of stress fibres in nucleation, growth and disassembling of focal adhesions. In particular, we propose a tensegrity model of an adherent cell incorporating nonlinear elasticity and unstable behaviours, which provides a new kinematical interpretation of cellular contractile forces and describes how stress fibres, microtubules and adhesion plaques interact mechanobiologically. The results confirm some experimental evidences and suggest how the actomyosin contraction level could be exploited by cells to actively control their adhesion, eventually triggering cytoskeleton reconfigurations and migration processes observed in both physiological conditions and diseases.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria: a low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation only partially reversed by Omalizumab
Authors: Di Pino Marina , Ruberto Maria Filomena , Costanzo Giulia , Firinu Davide , Piras Maria Sebastiana , Mura Mario Nicola , Del Giacco Stefano , Coghe Ferdinando , Marongiu Francesco , Barcellona Doris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disorder characterized by wheals and/or angioedema. The coagulation cascade and inflammation pathways are closely linked together. The aim of our study was first to investigate the dynamics of clot formation in plasma (Clot Waveform Analysis, CWA) in a group of 47 patients with CSU along with other coagulative parameters dedicated to the study of hypercoagulability, such as D-Dimer, F 1 + 2 peptide, Fibrinogen, Platelet count and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV). Secondly, 23 out of 47 patients were treated with Omalizumab at four administration intervals from T0 to T4. A statistically significant increase in Activated Partial Thromboplastin (aPTT) ratio, D-Dimer, F1 + 2, Platelet count and MPV was found when compared with 53 healthy controls (HC). In contrast, the 2nd Derivative of aPTT showed lower values than those of the HC. No differences were found between 1st derivative of aPTT and Fibrinogen. D-Dimer only showed a significant difference between T0 and T3. An activation of both coagulation and fibrinolysis along with a weaker clot acceleration may be in agreement with a low-grade DIC. The accelerated turnover of platelets expressed by both an increase in platelet count and MPV further supports this pathway in CSU. Omalizumab does not affect the relationship between the immune and the hemostatic systems.
Youth-identified Considerations for Programming to Support Newcomers’ Healthy Development: A Group Concept Mapping Study
Authors: Smith Alexandra C. G. , Crooks Claire V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a well-documented need for more responsive promotion and prevention programming for young immigrants and refugees in the context of mental health and healthy development. Incorporating the voice of newcomers in the development of promotion and prevention efforts could assist in producing culturally-relevant materials and improve program outcomes.

Objective
Our goal was to utilize youth voice to identify considerations for developing programming to support newcomer youths’ healthy development.

Methods
We employed mixed methods and analyzed data using concept mapping. A total of 37 newcomers between the ages of 14 and 22 participated in focus groups to share their ideas for creating programming that would focus on relationships and well-being. Relevant responses were collated, cleaned, and generated into unique statements, and then sorted individually by 26 youth into thematically similar categories. We used multidimensional scaling and hierarchal cluster analysis to produce a concept map.

Results
Six concepts, in rank order of importance, emerged as follows: create a space for sharing; discuss relational issues; teach strategies for adjusting to a new country; teach wellness skills; have feel-good activities; and plan for diversity.

Conclusions
Participants’ lived experience and their own attendance in programming at newcomer organizations assisted them in brainstorming what types of activities, topics, and skills would be helpful for other newcomer youth, as well as considerations for facilitators implementing such programming. Promotion and prevention efforts intended for newcomer youth may benefit by incorporating ideas from the concept map.
Driftfusion: an open source code for simulating ordered semiconductor devices with mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials in one dimension
Authors: Calado Philip , Gelmetti Ilario , Hilton Benjamin , Azzouzi Mohammed , Nelson Jenny , Barnes Piers R. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent emergence of lead-halide perovskites as active layer materials for thin film semiconductor devices including solar cells, light emitting diodes, and memristors has motivated the development of several new drift-diffusion models that include the effects of both electronic and mobile ionic charge carriers. In this work we introduce , a versatile simulation tool built for modelling one-dimensional ordered semiconductor devices with mixed ionic-electronic conducting layers. enables users to model devices with multiple, distinct, material layers using up to four charge carrier species: electrons and holes plus up to two ionic species. The time-dependent carrier continuity equations are coupled to Poisson’s equation enabling transient optoelectronic device measurement protocols to be simulated. In addition to material and device-wide properties, users have direct access to adapt the physical models for carrier transport, generation and recombination. Furthermore, a discrete interlayer interface approach circumvents the requirement for boundary conditions at material interfaces and enables interface-specific properties to be introduced.
Nanoarchitectonics of Copper Tungsten-Mesoporous Silica with a New Template for Photo Oxidative-Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Salem Heba M. , Mohmed Dina , Zaki E. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel CuWO4/SiO2 heterojunction catalyst was successfully synthesized using a new sulfonamide derivative. The physical characteristics of the prepared samples were investigated by TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV, PL, and XPS. The prepared catalysts were applied as a nano photocatalyst for photooxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene under visible light using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization performances of the prepared samples were investigated. Various factors as the reaction time, dibenzothiophene concentration, catalyst dose, and the oxidizing agent dose were also studied. The prepared photocatalyst has high desulfurization activity in the removal of DBT under mild conditions. Results showed that the CuWO4/SiO2 exhibited considerably higher activity than neat support SiO2. Such improved photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs on CuWO4/SiO2 heterojunction. Moreover, the synergistic effects of this photocatalytic oxidation and the green oxidant hydrogen peroxide played an essential role in desulfurization. The reaction is pseudo-first-order and can reach 98.6% removal of dibenzothiophene after 70 min and 97.2% after four cycles.
Graphical Abstract
Patient safety incidents in dentomaxillofacial imaging: reported adverse events from Hospital District Helsinki and Uusimaa and the City of Helsinki during 2012–2017
Authors: Suuronen Marianne , Autti Taina , Lehtonen Lasse 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Our study aimed to reveal the frequency of patient safety incidents (PSI) in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR), including their mitigating and contributing factors, to help recognize and thus better prevent these adverse events (AE) in the future.

Methods
Hospital District Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) and the City of Helsinki (HKI) use HaiPro, an anonymous web-based tool, for healthcare professionals to report PSI. Dentistry-related PSIs were evaluated individually to find any DMFR-related reports. Additionally, we searched the HaiPro-data using multiple dentistry- and DMFR-related keywords. We compartmentalized all DMFR-related PSI by their type and assessed their contributing factors, as well as their risk classification, severity, outcome, and possible corrective actions.

Results
In HUS and HKI, 43 of the 195,589 HaiPro-reports filed during 2012–2017 were DMFR-related. The most prevalent event type of DMFR-related PSIs was laboratory-, medical imaging-, or other patient examination-related events (33%). The second most common event type was defined as being related to flow or control of information (26%). For both of these event types, the most common contributing factors were shortcomings of communication and flow of information. Risk classification showed only one AE to be of moderate risk, and all others were perceived as irrelevant or minor.

Conclusions
PSI in DMFR are only rarely reported, and mostly, they are perceived of causing little or no harm. We detected a great difference in reporting activity between primary and secondary healthcare workers, but the underlaying causes remain unclear.
High glucose induces an early and transient cytoprotective autophagy in retinal Müller cells
Authors: Mecchia A. , Palumbo C. , De Luca A. , Sbardella D. , Boccaccini A. , Rossi L. , Parravano M. , Varano M. , Caccuri A. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the autophagic response of rat Müller rMC-1 cells during a short-term high glucose challenge.

Methods
rMC-1 cells were maintained in 5 mM glucose (LG) or exposed to 25 mM glucose (HG). Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression levels of markers of autophagy (LC3-II, p62) and glial activation (AQP4), as well as the activation of TRAF2/JNK, ERK and AKT pathways. Autophagic flux assessment was performed using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry using dichlorofluorescein diacetate. ERK involvement in autophagy induction was addressed using the ERK inhibitor FR180204. The effect of autophagy inhibition on cell viability was evaluated by SRB assay.

Results
Activation of autophagy was observed in the first 2–6 h of HG exposure. This early autophagic response was transient, not accompanied by an increase in AQP4 or in the phospho-activation of JNK, a key mediator of cellular response to oxidative stress, and required ERK activity. Cells exposed to HG had a lower viability upon autophagy inhibition by chloroquine, as compared to those maintained in LG.

Conclusion
A short-term HG challenge triggers in rMC-1 cells a process improving the ability to cope with stressful conditions, which involves ERK and an early and transient autophagy activation.
Global aero-structural design optimization of composite wings with active manoeuvre load alleviation
Authors: Wunderlich T. F. , Dähne S. , Reimer L. , Schuster A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the scope of the DLR project VicToria (Virtual Aircraft Technology Integration Platform), an integrated process for aero-structural wing optimization based on high fidelity simulation methods is continuously developed and applied. Based upon a parametric geometry, flight performance under transonic flight conditions and manoeuvre loads are computed by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Structural mass and elastic characteristics of the wing are determined from structural sizing of the composite wing box for essential manoeuvre load cases using computational structural mechanics. Static aeroelastic effects are considered in all flight conditions and active manoeuvre load alleviation is integrated in the process. Global aero-structural wing optimizations are successfully performed for wings with and without active manoeuvre load alleviation. The active manoeuvre load alleviation is introduced with a simplified modelling of control surface deflections using a mesh deformation technique. The minimization of the fuel consumption for three typical flight missions represents the objective function. Wing optimizations are performed for variable and constant wing planform parameters as well as for wings with conventional composite wing box structure and for more flexible wings. The latter is accomplished by introducing modifications of the structural concept and the strain allowable. A significant mass reduction of the optimized wing box is obtained for wings with active manoeuvre load alleviation, resulting in a drop in fuel consumption of about 3%. For wing optimizations with the more flexible wing concept, the active manoeuvre load alleviation shows an additional reduction of the fuel consumption in the order of 2%. The wings with active manoeuvre load alleviation results in optimized wing geometries with increased aspect ratio and reduced taper ratio.
Teenagers learn through play too: communicating high expectations through a playful learning approach
Authors: Johnston Olivia , Wildy Helen , Shand Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlay-based learning is an approach used in early childhood education that is well supported by research on its varieties and effectiveness for young children’s learning. Play-based learning meets the developmental needs of young children, but new research presented in this paper suggests that teenagers learn through play too. The experience of 25 Year 10 students in three Western Australian government schools was drawn upon to generate grounded theory about how students experience their teachers’ expectations of them, which included findings that playful learning approaches communicated high teacher expectations. The students were shadow-studied in their classrooms and interviewed at the end of each day. Teachers were appraised as having high expectations when they included a playful learning approach, characterised as creative, exploratory, hands-on, fun and non-didactic. The students reflected that this led to increased motivation and academic success. A foundation for conceptualising play in teenagers’ education is provided, suggesting how secondary school educators can harness play and communicate high expectations for learning through their pedagogical approach.