bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal Perspective: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Silicate Research in Berlin‐Dahlem – 1926–1945 rise and fall
Authors: Schaeffer Helmut A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe backgrounds for the establishment of an Institute of Silicate Research in Germany after World War I are outlined. The focus of research changed during the regime of the National Socialists, in particular after the outbreak of World War II. Publications are listed giving an insight into the research topics in the 20s and 30s. Furthermore, projects are outlined in conjunction with military applications. Finally, the destiny of scientists is described who had to quit the Institute due to political or racial reasons.
Risk factors and management of postpartum urinary retention: A scoping review
Authors: Paola De Rosa , Noemi Giannetta , Valeria Brescianini , Lorena Cavalleri , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo , Giulia Villa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the risk factors for the onset of postpartum urinary retention (PUR), to locate the most effective prevention, treatment interventions, and how to improve its management. The research questions were the following: ‘In postpartum women, what are the risk factors for PUR? In postpartum women, what are the interventions aimed to manage the urinary retention?’ PUR is defined as an inability to void spontaneously or adequately during the postpartum period. PUR is a common disease that can lead to different consequences and the necessity of its management is indisputable. It is necessary to work on the prevention of the onset of PUR by promptly recognizing the risk factors and acting on them, with the aim of developing guidelines and protocols that help in clinical practice. A scoping review was performed. PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, Medline (Journals@Ovid Full Text, YourJournals@Ovid, Ovid MEDLINE[R] ALL) were systematically searched from 2014 until 2019. A total of 17 articles were included. Several studies have shown the presence of risk factors for the onset of PUR including mode and duration of labour, post‐void residual bladder volume, episiotomy, vaginal tears, instrumental delivery, method of anaesthesia or analgesia, peripartum micturition, catheterization during labour, birth weight and parity. In addition, the duration of PUR is influenced by other factors, such as the number of fluids administered in the delivery room. Based on the current literature, PUR is a common condition that can lead to different consequences and the necessity of its management is indisputable. Although the risk factors are quite clear, there is still no definite way of treatment. Future research should focus on the PUR treatment.
Severe gastroenteropathy associated with Clostridium perfringens isolation in starving juvenile sturgeons
Authors: Brocca Ginevra , Zamparo Samuele , Pretto Tobia , Calore Alessandro , Marsella Andrea , Xiccato Romy Lucon , Cornaggia Matteo , Cortinovis Luana , Bano Luca , Toffan Anna , Quaglio Francesco , Verin Ranieri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn November 2020 a mortality episode (30%) in juvenile Siberian and Russian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, and A. gueldenstaedtii, Brandt & Ratzeburg) and GUBA hybrid sturgeons (A. gueldenstaedtii × A. baerii) occurred in a hatchery in Northern Italy, associated with severe coelomic distension and abnormal reverse surface swimming. The fish were reared in concrete tanks supplied by well water, fed at 0.4% of body weight (b.w.) per day. Thirty sturgeon specimens were collected for necropsy, histological, bacteriological and virological examination. Macroscopic findings included diffuse and severe bloating of gastrointestinal tracts due to foamy contents with thinning and stretching of the gastrointestinal walls. Histological analysis revealed variable degrees of sloughing and necrosis of the intestinal epithelium, and the presence of bacterial aggregates. Anaerobic Gram‐positive bacteria were investigated, and Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the gut. Specific PCRs identified the toxinotype A and the β2 toxin gene. The daily feed administration was increased to 1.5% b.w. and after 5 days, the mortality ceased. A new animal cohort from the same groups was examined after 12 weeks, showing neither gut alterations nor isolation of C. perfringens. The imbalance of intestinal microbiota, presumably caused by underfeeding, favoured C. perfringens overgrowth and severe gas formation. The diet increase possibly restored the normal microbiota.
Simulation of air/vacuum desiccation process for high‐quality preservation of proteins
Authors: Wei Lin , Shirakashi Ryo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo achieve high‐quality preservation of biopharmaceuticals in dried state which are originally solved in solutions including protective agents, the dried biopharmaceuticals are expected to be in a vitrified state through a simple and low‐cost drying process at room temperature. In this work, we calculated the drying process (water evaporation) of solution including protective agents, trehalose, to predict the probabilities of crystallization and bubble generation in one dimensional (1D) system. From past research, we know that proteins can be preserved in a good state when the mass ratio of TRE/protein is several hundreds. Thus, the interaction between proteins and water/TRE system are neglected because the same mass ratio of TRE/protein was used in this work. Water transportation in both preservative solution and surrounding ambient gas during desiccation process was calculated using the super‐saturated water diffusion coefficient which was previously measured by authors group. The water molarity distribution as well as the amount of retained water were obtained both for the vacuum desiccation processes, and the results were compared with the experimental results. The probabilities of dihydrate and bubble nucleation in trehalose solution during the desiccation were predicted based on the classical nucleation theory. The calculated results of the water molarity distribution and the probabilities of crystallization and bubble nucleation agree well with the experimental results, which suggests that the proposed evaporation model may help to find an ideal desiccation process of preservative solution.Practical ApplicationsDrying is a conventional technology for stabilizing the pharmaceutics and foods. The preservative solution including biomaterials is expected to be vitrified uniformly to preserve their function. Freeze‐drying is widely used to remove the water without deteriorating the materials. However, the freeze‐drying has several drawbacks, including the long drying process and the high cost. Thus, considering the disadvantage of the freeze‐drying, a simple high quality vacuum desiccation at room temperature is an ideal technique. Vacuum desiccation utilizes the application of low pressure to enhance the rate of dehydration, and it does not require the solution to be spread in an open environment. Thus, concerning these advantages, vacuum desiccation at room temperature may lead to improve the quality of desiccated biomaterials.
Inhibition of bacterial adherence on stainless steel coupons by surface conditioning with selected polar lipids
Authors: Dat Nguyen Manh , Phuong Thai Minh , Thu Nguyen Thi , Phong Thai Khanh , Uchino Toshitaka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolar lipids were recently found to have the surfactant property that could interfere with the bacterial adherence process during biofilm formation, a promising effect against the bacterial contamination on food processing surfaces. This study aimed to investigate the effect of surface conditioning of polar lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin on stainless steel surfaces and subsequently on bacterial adherence. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to examine formed conditioning layers and bacterial adherence. The thinnest conditioning layer was created by dilute skim milk and by sphingomyelin, while thicker layers were created by phosphatidylcholine, dilute buttermilk, and butter serum. Among surface conditioning treatments of stainless steel coupons, those performed with diluted buttermilk, butter serum, and polar lipids such as phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were able to scale down the adherence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NBRC 100676 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris NBRC 102479 compared to the surface conditioning with dilute skim milk. For both strains, the higher the phosphatidylcholine concentration (over 0.01%) and the longer the adhesion time (over 12.0 h), the more the adherence‐reducing ability of conditioned surfaces. The higher the sphingomyelin concentration used in surface conditioning, the higher the adherence‐reducing activity on stainless‐steel surfaces was at all adhesion times (0.5, 12.0, and 24.0 h). Our results suggested that, for short bacterial exposure period (0.5, 12.0, and 24.0 h), dilute buttermilk, butter serum, and individual polar lipids may have a bacterial adherence‐reducing effect, and can potentially be used for reducing biofilm formation.
Treatment of stable nonsegmental vitiligo using transdermal delivery of 5‐fluorouracil by fractional CO2laser versus intralesional injection of 5‐fluorouracil, both followed by narrow‐band type ultraviolet B (UVB): A comparative study
Authors: Elgarhy Lamia H. , El‐Tatawy Rania A. , Ali Dareen M. , Anber Doha M. , Iskandarani Yara A. , Ismail Mayada A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundUpdates of treatment methods of stable vitiligo are needed to give better outcomes with a shorter duration of treatment.ObjectiveTo test the effect of transdermal 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) delivery using fractional CO2(FrCO2) laser versus intralesional 5‐FU injection, with narrow‐band type ultraviolet B (UVB) (NB‐UVB) therapy after both, in the treatment of stable vitiligo.Patients and methodsThe present study comprised 40 patients with nearly symmetrical stable vitiligo lesions. The left side was treated with FrCO2 laser followed by topical 5‐FU (FrCO2 + 5‐FU), while the right side was treated with 5‐FU intradermal injection. Both procedures were done at 2‐week intervals for 3 sessions followed by 24 sessions of narrow‐band UVB for both sides.ResultsRepigmentation was demonstrated on the left side of 90% of patients and the right side of 85% of patients. As much as >50% improvement was demonstrated on the left side of 50% of patients, and the right side of 55% of patients. Intralesional 5‐FU showed a statistically significant difference in repigmentation compared to FrCO2 + 5‐FU.ConclusionBoth 5‐FU injection and FrCO2 + 5‐FU were effective therapeutic modalities for vitiligo. Patients were more compliant with FrCO2 + 5‐FU.
Tufted hairs: A bouquet of flowers in different hair diseases
Authors: Starace Michela , Vezzoni Roberta , Alessandrini Aurora , Bruni Francesca , Carpanese Miriam , Melo Daniel Fernandes , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTufted hairs, an unusual hair follicle dysplasia, are characterized by several hair shafts grouped together, emerging from a single hair follicle‐like “doll's hair”. This clinical picture is considered characteristic of folliculitis decalvans (FD). However, the emergence of grouped hair shafts from a single follicle can also be observed in other hair disorders, even if not as a distinctive diagnostic sign. This paper aims to collect and analyze all clinical and trichoscopic features of different hair diseases with tufted hairs to find distinctive features, helping the clinician with the diagnosis.
Linking Experience to Intuition and Cognitive Versatility in New Venture Ideation: A Dual‐Process Perspective
Authors: Baldacchino Leonie , Ucbasaran Deniz , Cabantous Laure 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs many high‐profile business leaders purport to make decisions based on gut feelings, a growing number of management scholars are seeking to explain how leaders use intuition in organizational settings. In line with dual‐process theories, management scholars argue that the most effective decision makers are cognitively versatile, which means that they are able to ‘switch cognitive gears’ between intuition and analysis and, more importantly, that they are able to use both types of processing at high levels. Although this has important implications, the actual use of intuition as well as cognitive versatility have received limited scholarly attention. Motivated by the desire to address this gap, we pose the following research question:To what extent is experience associated with a) intuition and b) cognitive versatility, and with what effects?We consider the influence of domain‐specific experience because this is considered to be a prerequisite for intuition, and we explore the effects in the context of new venture ideation which is a precursor to and the lifeblood of entrepreneurial action, not only for founders of new ventures but also for managers of existing organizations who seek to drive innovation and be entrepreneurial. We build on insights from the dual‐process Cognitive‐Experiential Self‐Theory, as well as the literature on managerial and entrepreneurial intuition, to develop a conceptual model, which we test on data collected from 74 technology‐entrepreneurs via think‐aloud protocol analysis and an online survey. We find that experienced entrepreneurs are able to use both intuition and analysis extensively during new venture ideation, and that the use of intuition is most effective for new venture ideation when used together with analysis – both at high levels – in a cognitively versatile strategy.
Temperature responses of photosynthesis and respiration in evergreen trees from boreal to tropical latitudes
Authors: Crous Kristine Y. , Uddling Johan , De Kauwe Martin G. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryEvergreen species are widespread across the globe, representing two major plant functional forms in terrestrial models. We reviewed and analysed the responses of photosynthesis and respiration to warming in 101 evergreen species from boreal to tropical biomes. Summertime temperatures affected both latitudinal gas exchange rates and the degree of responsiveness to experimental warming. The decrease in net photosynthesis at 25°C (Anet25) was larger with warming in tropical climates than cooler ones. Respiration at 25°C (R25) was reduced by 14% in response to warming across species and biomes. Gymnosperms were more sensitive to greater amounts of warming than broadleaved evergreens, with Anet25 and R25 reduced c. 30–40% with > 10°C warming. While standardised rates of carboxylation (Vcmax25) and electron transport (Jmax25) adjusted to warming, the magnitude of this adjustment was not related to warming amount (range 0.6–16°C). The temperature optimum of photosynthesis (ToptA) increased on average 0.34°C per °C warming. The combination of more constrained acclimation of photosynthesis and increasing respiration rates with warming could possibly result in a reduced carbon sink in future warmer climates. The predictable patterns of thermal acclimation across biomes provide a strong basis to improve modelling predictions of the future terrestrial carbon sink with warming.
Effect of magnification in pediatric liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nickel Kevin J. , Morzycki Alexander , Visser Lloyd , Bell Elliott , Ladak Adil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) represents a devastating and often fatal complication of liver transplantation. Due to the small vessel caliber in pediatric patients, the use of an operating microscope has largely become the standard for hepatic artery reconstruction to reduce the rate of HAT. Recent evidence, however, suggests that loupe magnification for anastomosis may be equally effective. We aimed to determine the effect of magnification on the rate of hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted. Thousand eighty‐eight unique titles were assessed by two independent reviewers. Studies directly comparing rates of HAT from loupe magnification and operating microscope‐assisted anastomoses were eligible for meta‐analysis.ResultsAmong primary transplants, the rate of HAT was 6.0%. Operating microscope anastomosis was associated with a 2.6% decrease in the rate of HAT compared to that of loupe magnification (4.9% and 7.4%, respectively, p < .040). When re‐transplants were included, the rate of HAT was 5.8%. Operating microscope anastomosis was associated with a 1.0% decrease in the rate of HAT compared to that of loupe magnification (5.3% and 6.3%, respectively, p < .279). Meta‐analysis of eligible studies demonstrated a reduction in the rate of HAT with the use of an operating microscope (p < .03).ConclusionsAnastomosis under an operating microscope may be associated with decreased rates of HAT in children undergoing primary liver transplantation. Further high‐quality studies comparing the two techniques are needed.
Liberal Protestant Dogmatics TodayChristian Faith: Dogmatics in Outline, B. A.Gerrish, WJK, 2015 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐25698‐2), xv + 353 pp., pb $50A Theology for the Twenty‐First Century, Douglas F.Ottati, Eerdmans, 2020 (ISBN 978‐0‐8028‐7811‐3), xxx + 770 pp., hb $60
Authors: Peterson Paul Silas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I review two recent works in the tradition of liberal Protestant dogmatics, taking a close look at some of the theological rationale, while pointing to the specific argumentative claims as they unfold in interpretations of the classic dogmatic topics. By showing how the sources of theology, as well as the Incarnation, Resurrection, Christology, the Trinity, the Sacraments, and eschatology, are interpreted, the specific theological profile of liberal Protestant theology as a general approach to theology becomes clear. The plurality of impressions in the dynamic of reception, which the theology itself partially evokes, is also presented in the conclusion. Finally, I remark on the future of liberal Protestant theology, arguing that generous orthodoxy may be one of its new homes.
Pointwise comparison of two multivariate density functions
Authors: Hazelton Martin L. , Davies Tilman M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTesting the equality of two density functions based on independent samples is a classical problem in statistics. While the focus is often on global equality, it is also of interest to conduct local comparisons of density functions. Typically a type of Wald statistic is employed, where the local difference in densities is standardized by an estimate of the asymptotic standard error of that difference. We study the null distribution of this test statistic. The literature has suggested that this will be asymptotically standard normal, but we show that this is by no means always the case. In particular, when using bandwidth matrices of optimal order (for estimation), we prove that the asymptotic mean of this null distribution is nonzero when either the sample sizes differ, or when the Hessian matrices of the densities differ at the point where the densities are equal. In numerical studies we find the erroneous use of the standard normal null distribution in such cases can severely corrupt the test size. We show that these problems can be managed effectively by using common bandwidths when the Hessian matrices are equal, and applying adjusted undersmoothing bandwidth matrices when they are not.
Logic, Probability, and Pragmatics in Syllogistic Reasoning
Authors: Tessler Michael Henry , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Goodman Noah D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSyllogistic reasoning lies at the intriguing intersection of natural and formal reasoning of language and logic. Syllogisms comprise a formal system of reasoning yet make use of natural language quantifiers (e.g., all, some) and invite natural language conclusions. The conclusions people tend to draw from syllogisms, however, deviate substantially from the purely logical system. Are principles of natural language understanding to blame? We introduce a probabilistic pragmatic perspective on syllogistic reasoning: We decompose reasoning with natural language arguments into two subproblems: language comprehension and language production. We formalize models of these processes within the Rational Speech Act framework and explore the pressures that pragmatic reasoning places on the production of conclusions. We test our models on a recent, large data set of syllogistic reasoning and find that the selection process of conclusions from syllogisms are best modeled as a pragmatic speaker who has the goal of aligning the beliefs of a naive listener with those of their own. We compare our model to previously published models that implement two alternative theories—Mental Models and Probability Heuristics—finding that our model quantitatively predicts the full distributions of responses as well as or better than previous accounts, but with far fewer parameters. Our results suggest that human syllogistic reasoning may be best understood not as a poor approximation to ideal logical reasoning, but rather as rational probabilistic inference in support of natural communication.
Intravenous dexmedetomidine, morphine, or a combination can result in gallbladder wall thickening; with no significant association with plasma histamine concentrations
Authors: Bini Gianluca , Cohen Eli B. , Chiavaccini Ludovica , Messenger Kristen M. , Bailey Kate M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe gallbladder is routinely evaluated during ultrasonographic examinations in dogs. However, published studies describing the effects of sedative agents on gallbladder wall thickness are currently lacking. The aims of this prospective, blinded, randomized crossover pilot study were to test hypotheses that IV morphine would result in gallbladder wall thickening, that morphine administration would increase plasma histamine concentrations, and that combining IV morphine with dexmedetomidine would potentiate gallbladder wall thickening. Six healthy Beagle dogs were sedated with intravenous (IV) morphine 0.4 mg/kg (group M), dexmedetomidine 7 μg/kg (group D), or a combination of the two (group MD). Physiologic parameters were measured at baseline and at regular intervals until the last ultrasonographic scan. Ultrasonographic scans were performed at baseline, 90 s, and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Plasma histamine samples were taken at baseline, 90 s, and 5 and 60 min. Cochran's Q‐test was used to compare gallbladder wall thickening between groups, while the association between histamine plasma concentration and gallbladder wall thickness was compared with a mixed‐effects model. Baseline gallbladder wall thickness was not significantly different between groups. Six of 18 treatments/dogs (33%) developed gallbladder thickening, with no difference between groups. There was no significant difference in baseline plasma histamine concentrations between groups, and no association between plasma histamine concentration and gallbladder wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickening was observed in at least one dog in each group, therefore caution is recommended for gallbladder wall thickness ultrasonographic interpretation in dogs when these drugs have been administered.