bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Legal Analysis of Urban Climate Mitigation and Adaptation in the Building Sector in Brazil, Germany, and South Africa
Authors: Fuo Oliver , Zengerling Cathrin , Sotto Debora 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article aims to contribute to the growing body of urban climate-governance research from a comparative legal perspective. It analyses the climate-related mitigation and adaptation efforts in the building sector of three cities: Cape Town (South Africa), Hamburg (Germany), and São Paulo (Brazil). We examine national, state, and local laws and policies with a focus on building-related energy, water, and green infrastructure. The comparative analysis reveals similarities and differences in multilevel building-related laws and policies that partly enhance and partly limit cities’ climate-mitigation and adaptation efforts. The study also carves out synergies, conflicts, and key challenges in building-related climate mitigation and adaptation at the city level and suggests how identified shortcomings could be overcome.
Three Views of a Secret: Missed Opportunities in the echr’s Recent Case-Law on International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: Seatzu Francesco , Vargiu Paolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”) in Beg v. Italy has addressed the question of the applicability of the right to a fair trial, as defined in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (“echr”), to arbitral proceedings. The judgment has clarified that the scope of Article 6 echr extends to international commercial arbitration. However, a number of questions remain unanswered, especially about the relationship between arbitral tribunals and domestic courts, the significance of fair trial in voluntary proceedings, whether a State is responsible to monitor the respect of due process in arbitral proceedings conducted within its territory and to what extent. Moreover, the ECtHR failed, notwithstanding its foray into the field of arbitration, to clarify the meaning of “impartiality” and “independence” as requirements to sit in arbitral tribunals within the context of Article 6 echr. This article provides an analysis of the judgment in Beg v. Italy and highlights, in light of the questionable approach taken by the ECtHR in the case, the uncertainty that affects the scope of application of Article 6 echr with regard to arbitral proceedings.
Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. &amp; Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach
Authors: MIKHAILYUK TATIANA , VINOGRADOVA OKSANA , HOLZINGER ANDREAS , GLASER KARIN , AKIMOV YURI , KARSTEN ULF 
Published: February 2022

Timaviella Sciuto & Moro is a recently established cryptic genus of cyanobacteria separated from the morphologically close Leptolyngbya due to clear differences in the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the 16S-23S ITS region secondary structure. Conducting research on biological soil crusts in coastal ecotopes of Ukraine and Germany, we repeatedly observed thin filamentous cyanobacteria morphologically corresponding to the common terrestrial species Leptolyngbya edaphica (Elenkin) Anagnostidis & Komárek. Molecular data based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of the original strains of the morphospecies indicated unambiguous assignment to the genus Timaviella. Based on this finding, we proposed the new nomenclatural combination Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk in our previous publication. Deeper molecular study of the four original strains which were morphologically identified as T. edaphica based on the 16S rRNA gene concatenated with the 16S-23S ITS region and 16S-23S ITS secondary structure analysis showed that they are not identical. Three of them (isolated from biocrusts of Black Sea coast and forest path near Kyiv, Ukraine) had high similarity both in 16S rRNA (99.7–100%) and 16S-23S ITS (99.8–100%) hence actually representing T. edaphica. The strain Us-6-3 isolated from biocrusts on sand dunes of Usedom Island in the Baltic Sea, Germany, differs both from original strains of T. edaphica and all published Timaviella species in 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, as well as in sequence and structure of the 16S-23S ITS region. Here we describe Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. and give an expanded description of T. edaphica based on morphological and molecular features. A tabular review of Timaviella species with data on their phenotypic and genotypic features, ecology and distribution is included.
Bad government performance and citizens’ perceptions: A quasi-experimental study of local fiscal crisis
Authors: Shinohara Shugo 
Published: February 2022

The link between actual government performance and citizens’ performance perceptions has been controversial. Given the prevalence of negativity bias, however, the link between bad performance and citizens’ perceptions could appear to be strong. To explore this theoretically unconfirmed link, this study uses a quasi-experiment that contrasts a Japanese town in fiscal crisis, involving tax increases and service cuts, with a control village not in fiscal crisis. Using a difference-in-differences analysis with a careful retrospective pretest, it finds negative effects of the fiscal crisis on citizens’ process perception, while it shows no effects on citizens’ service satisfaction and trust in the mayor, council, and administrators. The study further finds positive associations between citizens’ performance perceptions and civic engagement. It discusses these findings to identify the boundary conditions in which a bad performance–negative perception link is likely to appear. Points for practitioners Psychology literature on negativity bias suggests that the causal links and mechanisms between bad performance and negative perceptions are stronger than those between good performance and positive perceptions. Not only citizens, but also politicians and administrators, hold negativity bias. Their blame-avoidance strategies could alleviate the growth of citizens’ negative perceptions with bad performance. Participatory governance might moderate the bad performance–negative perception link by placing citizens in a performance-improvement process and promoting their interaction with government officials.
Evaluating xanthochromia in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage in Scotland in the Era of modern computed tomography
Authors: Rankin Stephen , McGuire Jacqueline , Chekroud Mohamed , Alakandy Likhith , Mukhopadhyay Babu 
Published: February 2022

Aim Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for xanthochromia is routinely used to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of xanthochromia (by NEQAS-spectrophotometry) in routine clinical practice in three acute hospitals, in patients with suspected SAH. We explored whether including CSF red cell count (RCC) with xanthochromia improved diagnostic accuracy. Methods In this retrospective analysis, all xanthochromia results were assessed over three consecutive years. Clinical information and Registry data were analysed to find all patients diagnosed with SAH. We correlated xanthochromia data with clinical and radiological findings. Results There were 1761 xanthochromia performed. Of these, 26 (1.5%) were positive, 1624 (92%) negative and 72 (4.1%) were inconclusive. Of the 26 tests that were positive, 9 (35%) had confirmed SAH, 17 (65%) were falsely positive, with no false negative tests in our series. Xanthochromia identified 6% of all SAH diagnosed in the study. Incorporating RCC <1000 with xanthochromia, reducing false positive tests by 38% and inconclusive test by 85%. Conclusion The positive yield of xanthochromia is low but identified 6% of SAH. NEQAS-spectrophotometry is an excellent diagnostic method with 100% sensitivity, 99% specificity. Incorporating RCC markedly reduces false positive and inconclusive tests reducing need for further imaging.
Evaluating the Impact of Strong and Weak California Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction Policies on the Tobacco Retail Environment
Authors: Welwean Ralph Amuanyu , Andersen-Rodgers Elizabeth , Akintunde Adebayo , Zhang Xueying 
Published: February 2022

Purpose Evaluate success of local flavored tobacco (FT) policies in reducing availability of FT products in California. Design Matched-jurisdiction cross-sectional design compared availability of FT at licensed tobacco retailers (LTR) in jurisdictions with and without such policies in 2013 and 2019. Flavor policy jurisdictions were split into strong and weak groups using Flavored Tobacco Policy Rating Rubric. Setting 32 local California jurisdictions Subjects Final sample included 306 LTR in 2013 and 1441 LTR in 2019. LTR were classified as convenience store, liquor store, pharmacy, small market, supermarket, gas station booth, tobacco/vape product store, or other. Measures Retail availability of menthol cigarettes and flavored non-cigarette tobacco. Analysis Logistic regression analysis including covariate (store type) determined whether differences existed in availability of FT in jurisdictions with and without FT policies. Percentage change assessed difference in proportion of retailers that sold FT in 2013 (i.e. before-policies-passed) and in 2019 (i.e. after-policies-became-effective). Results Strong flavor-policy jurisdictions significantly differed from matched no-policy jurisdictions in availability of menthol cigarettes (OR = .04, 95% CI: .02–.08) and flavored non-cigarette tobacco (OR = .07, 95% CI: .05–.11). From 2013 to 2019, these jurisdictions experienced significant declines in menthol cigarettes (87.9% to 35.4%) and flavored non-cigarette tobacco sales (63.8% to 37.0%). Conclusion Strong FT sales restriction policies appear to be effective in reducing availability of FT, thereby creating a healthier retail environment in California.
Mental health screening in pediatric primary care for children with autism
Authors: Stadnick Nicole A , Martinez Kassandra , Coleman Karen J , Gizzo Daniel P , Lane Elizabeth , Lee Nicholas , Kuelbs Cynthia L , Aarons Gregory A , Brookman-Frazee Lauren 
Published: February 2022

To report mental health screening rates in pediatric primary care as part of a larger program piloting Access to Tailored Autism INtegrated Care, a model promoting timely identification of mental health needs and care linkage for children with autism. Data were extracted from the Access to Tailored Autism INtegrated Care pilot in six pediatrics clinics within two organizations. Demographics and Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 data were collected during well-child visit appointments over 4 months for 166 children with autism ages 4–16 years. 53% ( n = 43) of 81 eligible children were screened in Organization 1 and 55% ( n = 47) of 85 of eligible children were screened in Organization 2. In Organization 1, 47% screened positive, as evidenced by an elevated Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 Total Score, while 36% screened positive in Organization 2. Children with positive screens had elevations on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 Externalizing and Attention subscales but not on the Internalizing subscale, confirming typical trends in co-occurring challenging behavior presentations in children with autism. Slightly over half of eligible patients were Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 screened. Positive screening rates were high, reinforcing the co-occurring nature of mental health needs in children with autism. Findings suggest opportunities to improve mental health screening in primary care for children with autism. Lay abstract Children with autism experience high rates of co-occurring mental health conditions like challenging behaviors and anxiety. However, these co-occurring mental health needs are often not identified when they first become problematic. Pediatricians and their care staff are in a good position to identify mental health needs early and support families to connect to needed services. This study describes a project focused on mental health screening for children with autism in pediatric primary care clinics. Over half of eligible patients were screened using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. Many children with autism had clinically elevated scores, suggesting the need for mental health assessment or services. In particular, children with positive screens had clinical elevations on the challenging behavior and attention subscales of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17. This finding is consistent with typical trends in co-occurring challenging behavior presentations in children with autism. Mental health screening in primary care is feasible and offers a promising opportunity to identify co-occurring mental health needs for children with autism early. Screening rates varied between clinics, suggesting tailored to improve routine screening in pediatric primary care for children with autism.
Clinical Fate of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis Following Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection: An Analysis in 311 Shoulders
Authors: Kim H. Mike , Muhammad Maaz , Heil Sally D. , Smith Matthew J. 
Published: February 2022

Background Intraarticular corticosteroid injection is commonly used conservative treatment for glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical fate of symptomatic glenohumeral OA following intraarticular corticosteroid injection and to identify factors associated with undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Glenohumeral OA patients who had undergone at least one glenohumeral corticosteroid injection from 2012 to 2017 were identified. Data for demographics, comorbidities, number of injections, severity of radiographic arthritis, and subsequent treatment were collected up to February 2020. Data were analyzed to compare between patients who had eventually undergone shoulder arthroplasty and those who had not. Results A total of 311 shoulders (275 patients) were followed up for 3 to 8 years after the index injection. The mean age of patients was 64.7 years. There were 148 females, and 116 shoulders (37.3%) eventually underwent arthroplasty, 68 (21.9%) further injections only, 104 (33.4%) no further treatment, 14 (4.5%) a non-arthroplasty surgical procedure, and 9 (2.9%) were lost to follow up. Severity of radiographic arthritic changes, female sex, younger age, and nonsmoking status were found to be significantly associated with undergoing arthroplasty (p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p = 0.003, and p = 0.043, respectively). Conclusion Approximately one third of glenohumeral OA patients who had received an intraarticular corticosteroid injection eventually elected to undergo shoulder arthroplasty within 3 to 8 years of the injection. High-grade arthritic changes in radiographs, female gender, and younger age were found to be independent factors associated with undergoing arthroplasty. This information may be useful in counseling patients about their future clinical course. Level of Evidence: Level III Retrospective comparative study
Informing radiotherapy decisions in stage I/IIa Hodgkin lymphoma: modeling life expectancy using radiation dosimetry
Authors: Jones David A. , Candio Paolo , Shakir Rebecca , Ntentas Georgios , Ramroth Johanna , Gray Alastair M. , Cutter David J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent randomized trials, omitting consolidative radiotherapy (RT) in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ESHL) increased relapses. However, decades of follow-up are required to observe whether lower initial disease control is compensated by reduced risk of late effects. Extrapolation beyond trial follow-up is therefore necessary to inform current treatment decisions. To this end, we developed a microsimulation model to estimate lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) after combined modality treatment (CMT) or chemotherapy-alone for stage I/IIa ESHL. For CMT, the model included risks of breast and lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Comparative outcomes were assessed for a clinically relevant range of example patients differing by age, sex, smoking status, and representative organs at risk (OAR) radiation doses informed by the RAPID trial. Analysis was performed with and without a 3.5% discount rate on future health. Smoking status had a large effect on optimal treatment choice. CMT was superior for nearly all never smoker example patients regardless of age, sex, and OAR doses. At a maximum, CMT produced a 1.095 (95% CI: 1.054-1.137) gain in undiscounted QALYs for a 20-year-old male never smoker with unilateral neck disease. In contrast, current smokers could substantially gain from chemotherapy-alone treatment. Again at a maximum, a 20-year-old male current smoker with bilateral neck and whole mediastinum involvement gained 3.500 (95% CI: 3.400 to 3.600) undiscounted QALYs with chemotherapy-alone treatment. Overall, CMT was more favorable the younger the patient, when future health discounting was included, and in never smokers.
Quantitative analysis of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination response in immunocompromised adult hematology patients
Authors: Haggenburg Sabine , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , van Binnendijk Rob S. , den Hartog Gerco , Bhoekhan Michel S. , Haverkate Nienke J. E. , de Rooij Dennis M. , van Meerloo Johan , Cloos Jacqueline , Kootstra Neeltje A. , Wouters Dorine , Weijers Suzanne S. , van Leeuwen Ester M. M. , Bontkes Hetty J. , Tonouh-Aajoud Saïda , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Sanders Rogier W. , Roelandse-Koop Elianne , Hofsink Quincy , Groen Kazimierz , Çetinel Lucia , Schellekens Louis , den Hartog Yvonne M. , Toussaint Belle , Kant Iris M. J. , Graas Thecla , de Pater Emma , Dik Willem A. , Engel Marije D. , Pierie Cheyenne R. N. , Janssen Suzanne R. , van Dijkman Edith , Poniman Meliawati , Burger Judith A. , Bouhuijs Joey H. , Smits Gaby , Rots Nynke Y. , Zweegman Sonja , Kater Arnon P. , van Meerten Tom , Mutsaers Pim G. N. J. , van Doesum Jaap A. , Broers Annoek E. C. , van Gils Marit J. , Goorhuis Abraham , Rutten Caroline E. , Hazenberg Mette D. , Nijhof Inger S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vaccination guidelines for patients treated for hematological diseases are typically conservative. Given their high risk for severe COVID-19, it is important to identify those patients that benefit from vaccination. We prospectively quantified serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to spike subunit 1 (S1) antigens during and after 2-dose mRNA-1273 (Spikevax/Moderna) vaccination in hematology patients. Obtaining S1 IgG ≥ 300 binding antibody units (BAUs)/mL was considered adequate as it represents the lower level of S1 IgG concentration obtained in healthy individuals, and it correlates with potent virus neutralization. Selected patients (n = 723) were severely immunocompromised owing to their disease or treatment thereof. Nevertheless, &gt;50% of patients obtained S1 IgG ≥ 300 BAUs/mL after 2-dose mRNA-1273. All patients with sickle cell disease or chronic myeloid leukemia obtained adequate antibody concentrations. Around 70% of patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), multiple myeloma, or untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) obtained S1 IgG ≥ 300 BAUs/mL. Ruxolitinib or hypomethylating therapy but not high-dose chemotherapy blunted responses in myeloid malignancies. Responses in patients with lymphoma, patients with CLL on ibrutinib, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell recipients were low. The minimal time interval after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to reach adequate concentrations was &lt;2 months for multiple myeloma, 8 months for lymphoma, and 4 to 6 months after allogeneic HCT. Serum IgG4, absolute B- and natural killer–cell number, and number of immunosuppressants predicted S1 IgG ≥ 300 BAUs/mL. Hematology patients on chemotherapy, shortly after HCT, or with cGVHD should not be precluded from vaccination. This trial was registered at Netherlands Trial Register as #NL9553.
In Situ Coupling Applied Voltage and Synchrotron Radiation: Operando Characterization of Transistors
Authors: Davydok Anton , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Grigorian Souren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA compact voltage application setup has been developed for in situ electrical testing of organic field effect transistors in combination with X-ray scattering studies at a synchrotron beamlines. Challenges faced during real condition in-operando test of newly developed OFETs originated an idea of creation of a new setup which excludes number of factors that make experiments complicated. The application of the setup is demonstrated on a prototype of an organic transistors based on α,ω-dihexyl-α-quaterthiophene molecules. The new setup allows to monitor material structural changes by X-ray scattering under applied voltage conditions and their direct correlations. The versatile setup eliminates possible shadowing effects and short circuits due to misalignment of the contacts. The electrical stability of the prototypes was characterized by the application of different voltage values. Corresponding structural changes were monitored by grazing X-ray scattering technique before, during and after the voltage was applied. The selected oligothiophene material with proved transistor properties shows high stability and directional anisotropy under applied voltage conditions. Thanks to a compact and flexible design of the setup, different type of small dimension devices could be studied under external voltage conditions at various synchrotron beamlines.
Graphical Abstract
The Ability of Silicon Fertilisation to Alleviate Salinity Stress in Rice is Critically Dependent on Cultivar
Authors: Thorne Sarah J. , Stirnberg Petra M. , Hartley Susan E. , Maathuis Frans J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSilicon (Si) fertiliser can improve rice (Oryza sativa) tolerance to salinity. The rate of Si uptake and its associated benefits are known to differ between plant genotypes, but, to date, little research has been done on how the benefits, and hence the economic feasibility, of Si fertilisation varies between cultivars. In this study, a range of rice cultivars was grown both hydroponically and in soil, at different levels of Si and NaCl, to determine cultivar variation in the response to Si. There was significant variation in the effect of Si, such that Si alleviated salt-induced growth inhibition in some cultivars, while others were unaffected, or even negatively impacted. Thus, when assessing the benefits of Si supplementation in alleviating salt stress, it is essential to collect cultivar-specific data, including yield, since changes in biomass were not always correlated with those seen for yield. Root Si content was found to be more important than shoot Si in protecting rice against salinity stress, with a root Si level of 0.5–0.9% determined as having maximum stress alleviation by Si. A cost–benefit analysis indicated that Si fertilisation is beneficial in mild stress, high-yield conditions but is not cost-effective in low-yield production systems.