bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Land cover using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) Method in Kedamaian Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung City as Urban City
Authors: Rahmat Ali , Ramadhan Azan Noer , Ramadhani Winih Sekaringtyas , Listiana Indah , Yanfika Helvi , Widyastuti Raden Ajeng Diana , Mutolib Abdul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLand cover change occurs naturally, but in urban areas, Land cover change usually occurs more rapidly than in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse Land cover changes using spatial data to determine Land cover changes that occurred in urban areas such as Bandar Lampung City in 2000 and 2020. This study uses Landsat 7 and 8 imagery processed by the NVDI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) analysis method with an arithmetic formula to determine the vegetation index NDVI = (NIR-RED) / (NIR + RED). After obtaining the land cover map from the results of the NDVI analysis, a ground check was carried out at 30 location points to determine the actual condition of the field and calibrate the data from NDVI analysis and actual condition. In this study, it was found that the results of Land cover from 2000 to 2020 experienced changes, namely in open land/settlements increased by 74% or 217 ha, shrub land decreased by 27% or 32 ha, low vegetation land decreased by 4.8% or 7 ha, and vegetation land is decreasing by 72.5% or 100 ha. Based on the results of ground checks, changes in Land cover are caused by the construction of settlements, housing, and industrial estates due to an increase in population and urban growth.
The Relationship Between The Health of Mangrove Forests and The Level of Community Welfare
Authors: Maulana Irlan Rahmat , Safe’i Rahmat , Febryano Indra Gumay , Kaskoyo Hari , Rahmat Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn assessment of the forest health condition needs to be carried out to ensure that the condition of mangrove forest health is maintained. Margasari Village is where the average community works as fishermen and utilizes the mangrove forest as ecotourism. Therefore, the condition of the mangrove forest needs to be in good condition. This research was conducted in Margasari Village, Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency. This study aims to obtain the value of mangrove forest health status and determine the relationship between mangrove forest health indicators and community welfare. Research methods to determine the value of forest health status using Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). SPSS 20 statistical spearman rank correlation test was used to determine the relationship between mangrove forest health and community welfare, with 44 respondents using village communities who operate mangrove forests. The results showed that the average value of mangrove forest health status in Margasari Village was 5.40 (moderate category). Indicators of the level of community welfare related to the health level of mangrove forests in Margasari Village are health and nutrition, education, and indicators of housing and environment.
Spatial Structure and Community Perception of Pejaten Village on Policy Determining Rural Industry Area in Tabanan, Bali
Authors: Vipriyanti NU , Surata SPK , Sujana IP , Handayani E , Puspawati DA 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTabanan Regency is well known as Bali’s rice granary. However, one of the villages located in an agricultural area, Pejaten Village, is famous as its tile industry. The Tabanan Regency Government has designated Pejaten Village as a rural industrial area. The successful implementation of these policies needs to be supported by preparing human and natural resources that have adequate competence and creative power. This study aims to analyze (1) community knowledge and perception about rural industria area; (2) the spatial structure of industrial village based on the Hindu’s concept of balance calledTri Hita Karana.The method of determining respondents was done by stratified random sampling. The strata are carried out based on the scale of the tile industry. Methods of data analysis using: (1) likert scala and (2) GIS. The results showed that (1) the community had quite positive attitudes and moderate perception categories regarding the policy of determining rural industrial area of Pejaten Village and (2) the spatial structure of common space had adapted from a rural space structure to an urban spatial structure. It is necessary to conduct a more intensive approach to increase moderate perception of the community.
Simulation study on electron heating characteristics in magnetic enhancement capacitively coupled plasmas with a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: TAN Haiyun , HUANG Tianyuan , JI Peiyu , ZHUGE Lanjian , WU Xuemei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The electron heating characteristics of magnetic enhancement capacitively coupled argon plasmas in presence of both longitudinal and transverse uniform magnetic field have been explored through both theoretical and numerical calculations. It is found that the longitudinal magnetic field can affect the heating by changing the level of the pressure heating along the longitudinal direction and that of the Ohmic heating along the direction which is perpendicular to both driving electric field and the applied transverse magnetic field, and a continuously increased longitudinal magnetic field can induce pressure heating to become dominant. Moreover, the electron temperature as well as proportion of some low energy electrons will increase if a small longitudinal magnetic field is introduced, which is attributed to the increased average electron energy. We believe that the research will provide guidance for optimizing the magnetic field configuration of some discharge systems having both transverse and longitudinal magnetic field.
The end of evangelicalism?
Authors: Stackhouse John G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
‘The end of evangelicalism?’ highlights the current state of evangelicalism. By the 2020s, many Americans had become disillusioned, even dismayed, over evangelical linkages to dubious politics. Controversies over issues as basic as sex, the Bible, mission, and evangelicalism’s very success posed threats which struck at the core of evangelical identity, purpose, and mission. Indeed, it was a conflict over what would previously have been universally viewed by evangelicals as a non-issue—right up until the late twentieth century—that took the greatest toll among evangelicals in Greater Britain and the United States while also challenging churches in Africa and beyond: same-sex marriage. Other challenges include consumerism and individualism.
Functional characterization of a new 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase from Eupenicillium parvum and its potential for protocatechuic acid production
Authors: Wei Kaiying , Long Liangkun , Lin Qunying , Ding Shaojun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an important phenolic compound with diverse industrial values. Conversion of 3-dehydroshikimate (DHS) to PCA by dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD) provides an efficient approach for production of the molecule. Herein, a new DSD from fungus Eupenicillium parvum was functionally investigated after recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. The DSD displayed 30-35% sequence identities with the known fungal DSDs. The recombinant protein showed catalysis activity against DHS, with the optimal temperature of 40°C and pH of 7.5. The specific activity and Km of the protein were 910 mU per mg protein and 0.83 mM, respectively. Metal ion (Mg2+ or Mn2+) played a critical role for the enzymatic activity. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of the protein was improved by Mg2+ or Mn2+. Furthermore, the expression of the protein in E. coli resulted in de novo synthesis of 491 mg/L PCA in a modified M9 medium with glycerol as carbon source.
A Simple Standard for Sharing Ontological Mappings (SSSOM)
Authors: Matentzoglu Nicolas , Balhoff James P , Bello Susan M , Bizon Chris , Brush Matthew , Callahan Tiffany J , Chute Christopher G , Duncan William D , Evelo Chris T , Gabriel Davera , Graybeal John , Gray Alasdair , Gyori Benjamin M , Haendel Melissa , Harmse Henriette , Harris Nomi L , Harrow Ian , Hegde Harshad B , Hoyt Amelia L , Hoyt Charles T , Jiao Dazhi , Jiménez-Ruiz Ernesto , Jupp Simon , Kim Hyeongsik , Koehler Sebastian , Liener Thomas , Long Qinqin , Malone James , McLaughlin James A , McMurry Julie A , Moxon Sierra , Munoz-Torres Monica C , Osumi-Sutherland David , Overton James A , Peters Bjoern , Putman Tim , Queralt-Rosinach Núria , Shefchek Kent , Solbrig Harold , Thessen Anne , Tudorache Tania , Vasilevsky Nicole , Wagner Alex H , Mungall Christopher J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite progress in the development of standards for describing and exchanging scientific information, the lack of easy-to-use standards for mapping between different representations of the same or similar objects in different databases poses a major impediment to data integration and interoperability. Mappings often lack the metadata needed to be correctly interpreted and applied. For example, are two terms equivalent or merely related? Are they narrow or broad matches? Or are they associated in some other way? Such relationships between the mapped terms are often not documented, which leads to incorrect assumptions and makes them hard to use in scenarios that require a high degree of precision (such as diagnostics or risk prediction). Furthermore, the lack of descriptions of how mappings were done makes it hard to combine and reconcile mappings, particularly curated and automated ones. We have developed the Simple Standard for Sharing Ontological Mappings (SSSOM) which addresses these problems by: (i) Introducing a machine-readable and extensible vocabulary to describe metadata that makes imprecision, inaccuracy and incompleteness in mappings explicit. (ii) Defining an easy-to-use simple table-based format that can be integrated into existing data science pipelines without the need to parse or query ontologies, and that integrates seamlessly with Linked Data principles. (iii) Implementing open and community-driven collaborative workflows that are designed to evolve the standard continuously to address changing requirements and mapping practices. (iv) Providing reference tools and software libraries for working with the standard. In this paper, we present the SSSOM standard, describe several use cases in detail and survey some of the existing work on standardizing the exchange of mappings, with the goal of making mappings Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). The SSSOM specification can be found at http://w3id.org/sssom/spec.
Database URL: http://w3id.org/sssom/spec
Perspectives on Bioinspired Product Development: Entrapping Surfaces Based on Leaf Microstructures
Authors: Loudon Catherine 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisScientists who work on bioinspired systems may see the potential for products resulting from their research, but are often unaware of the various steps or issues related to commercialization or product development. Commercialization topics lie outside the usual training of a basic biologist, and therefore much of their exposure to these topics is adventitious, such as from casual conversations at meetings. Thus, the information gleaned may be somewhat piecemeal. In this paper, I briefly summarize some of what I have learned over the last 10 years about commercialization from a variety of different sources, related to a bioinspired project in which I am involved. My collaborators and I have invented and patented a technology to entrap insect pests by a purely physical mechanism (a “physical insecticide” that does not involve a chemical insecticide). This bioinspired technology is based on a historical control method, in which leaves from bean plants were used to capture bed bugs for hundreds of years in parts of eastern Europe. Sharp recurved microstructures (nonglandular trichomes) on the leaf surfaces irreversibly impale the tarsi (feet) of the bed bugs as they walk over the surfaces, trapping them in place. Pest professionals have identified bed bugs as the most difficult pest to control; there is a clear need for new methods of control for this pest. There are societal benefits and consumer demand for products that are sustainable, without regulatory constraints, and that minimize insecticide exposure for humans. But how would these products be developed from this starting point of a bioinspired invention? I will briefly share some of our experiences in the early and ongoing product development of entrapping surfaces, with the hope that this might interest or aid others who are considering entrepreneurial activities. Unfamiliar topics such as intellectual property, customer segmentation, value propositions, business models, conflict of interest, and conflict of commitment may require some attention from prospective entrepreneurs. This brief and introductory overview is intended for those academic scientists with little to no experience or knowledge in the area of commercialization.
Racing Time: Physiological Rates and Metabolic Scaling in Marine Mammals
Authors: Williams Terrie M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Reinvasion of the oceans beginning 10–60 million years ago by ancient mammals instigated one of the most remarkable metabolic transitions across evolutionary time. A consequence of marine living, especially in colder waters, has been a 1.4–2.9-fold increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) for otters, pinnipeds, and cetaceans over predicted levels for terrestrial mammals of similar body mass. Notably, the greatest metabolic elevation occurred in the smallest marine mammals, suggesting an underlying thermal causative mechanism. Superimposed on these resting costs are the metabolic demands of locomotion. Collectively termed the field metabolic rate (FMR), such active costs consistently approach three times the resting rates of individuals regardless of locomotor style, species, foraging patterns, habitat, or geographic location. In wild non-reproducing mammals, the FMR/RMR ratio averages 2.6–2.8 for both terrestrial and marine species, with the latter group maintaining larger absolute daily metabolic rates supported by comparatively higher food ingestion rates. Interestingly, the limit for habitual (multi-day), sustained maximal energy expenditure in human endurance athletes averages &lt;3.0 times resting metabolic levels, with a notable exception in Tour de France cyclists. Importantly, both athletes and wild mammals seem similarly constrained; that is, by the ability to process enough calories in a day to support exceptional metabolic performance.
An Integrative Perspective On the Mechanistic Basis of Context- Dependent Species Interactions
Authors: Mauro Alexander A , Shah Alisha A , Martin Paul R , Ghalambor Cameron K 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisIt has long been known that the outcome of species interactions depends on the environmental context in which they occur. Climate change research has sparked a renewed interest in context-dependent species interactions because rapidly changing abiotic environments will cause species interactions to occur in novel contexts and researchers must incorporate this in their predictions of species’ responses to climate change. Here, we argue that predicting how the environment will alter the outcome of species interactions requires an integrative biology approach that focuses on the traits, mechanisms, and processes that bridge disciplines such as physiology, biomechanics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Specifically, we advocate for quantifying how species differ in their tolerance and performance to both environmental challenges independent of species interactions, and in interactions with other species as a function of the environment. Such an approach increases our understanding of the mechanisms underlying outcomes of species interactions across different environmental contexts. This understanding will help determine how the outcome of species interactions affects the relative abundance and distribution of the interacting species in nature. A general theme that emerges from this perspective is that species are unable to maintain high levels of performance across different environmental contexts because of trade-offs between physiological tolerance to environmental challenges and performance in species interactions. Thus, an integrative biology paradigm that focuses on the trade-offs across environments, the physiological mechanisms involved, and how the ecological context impacts the outcome of species interactions provides a stronger framework to understand why species interactions are context dependent.
The Pristine survey – XVII. The C-19 stream is dynamically hot and more extended than previously thought
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Martin Nicolas F , Ibata Rodrigo A , Caffau Elisabetta , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Mashonkina Lyudmila I , Errani Raphaël , Doliva-Dolinsky Amandine , Starkenburg Else , Venn Kim A , Arentsen Anke , Aguado David S , Bellazzini Michele , Famaey Benoit , Fouesneau Morgan , González Hernández Jonay I , Jablonka Pascale , Lardo Carmela , Malhan Khyati , Navarro Julio F , Sánchez Janssen Rubén , Sestito Federico , Thomas Guillaume F , Viswanathan Akshara , Vitali Sara 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The C-19 stream is the most metal-poor stellar system ever discovered, with a mean metallicity [Fe/H] = −3.38 ± 0.06. Its low metallicity dispersion (σ[Fe/H] &lt; 0.18 at the 95 per cent confidence level) and variations in sodium abundances strongly suggest a globular cluster origin. In this work, we use Very Large Telescope (VLT)/UV–Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectra of seven C-19 stars to derive more precise velocity measurements for member stars, and to identify two new members with radial velocities and metallicities consistent with the stream’s properties. One of these new member stars is located 30° away from the previously identified body of C-19, implying that the stream is significantly more extended than previously known and that more members likely await discovery. In the main part of C-19, we measure a radial velocity dispersion σv = 6.2$^{+2.0}_{-1.4}{\rm \, km\, s^{-1}}$ from nine members, and a stream width of 0.56° ± 0.08°, equivalent to ∼158 pc at a heliocentric distance of 18 kpc. These confirm that C-19 is comparatively hotter, dynamically, than other known globular cluster streams and shares the properties of faint dwarf galaxy streams. On the other hand, the variations in the Na abundances of the three newly observed bright member stars, the variations in Mg and Al for two of them, and the normal Ba abundance of the one star where it can be measured provide further evidence for a globular cluster origin. The tension between the dynamical and chemical properties of C-19 suggests that its progenitor experienced a complex birth environment or disruption history.
S-PLUS: exploring wide field properties of multiple populations in galactic globular clusters at different metallicities
Authors: Hartmann Eduardo A , Bonatto Charles J , Chies-Santos Ana L , Alonso-García Javier , Bastian Nate , Overzier Roderik , Schoenell William , Coelho Paula R T , Branco Vinicius , Kanaan Antonio , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Ribeiro Tiago 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Multiple stellar populations (MSPs) are a ubiquitous phenomenon in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). By probing different spectral ranges affected by different absorption lines using the multiband photometric survey S-PLUS, we study four GCs – NGC 104, NGC 288, NGC 3201, and NGC 7089 – that span a wide range of metallicities. With the combination of broad and narrow-band photometry in 12 different filters from 3485A (u) to 9114A (z), we identified MSPs along the rectified red-giant branch in colour–magnitude diagrams and separated them using a K-means clustering algorithm. Additionally, we take advantage of the large Field of View of the S-PLUS detector to investigate radial trends in our sample. We report on six colour combinations that can be used to successfully identify two stellar populations in all studied clusters and show that they can be characterized as Na-rich and Na-poor. For both NGC 288 and NGC 7089, their radial profiles show a clear concentration of 2P population. This directly supports the formation theories that propose an enrichment of the intra-cluster medium and subsequent star formation in the more dense central regions. However, in the case of NGC 3201, the trend is reversed. The 1P is more centrally concentrated, in direct contradiction with previous literature studies. NGC 104 shows a well-mixed population. We also constructed radial profiles up to 1 half-light radius of the clusters with HST data to highlight that radial differences are lost in the inner regions of the GCs and that wide-field studies are essential when studying this.
From giant clumps to clouds – III. The connection between star formation and turbulence in the ISM
Authors: Ejdetjärn Timmy , Agertz Oscar , Östlin Göran , Renaud Florent , Romeo Alessandro B 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Supersonic gas turbulence is a ubiquitous property of the interstellar medium. The level of turbulence, quantified by the gas velocity dispersion (σg), is observed to increase with the star formation rate (SFR) of a galaxy, but it is yet not established whether this trend is driven by stellar feedback or gravitational instabilities. In this work, we carry out hydrodynamical simulations of entire disc galaxies, with different gas fractions, to understand the origins of the SFR–σg relation. We show that disc galaxies reach the same levels of turbulence regardless of the presence of stellar feedback processes, and argue that this is an outcome of the way disc galaxies regulate their gravitational stability. The simulations match the SFR–σg relation up to SFRs of the order of tens of ${\rm \, M}_\odot \, {\rm yr}^{-1}$ and $\sigma _{\rm g}\sim 50{\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}} }$ in neutral hydrogen and molecular gas, but fail to reach the very large values ($\gt 100{\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}} }$) reported in the literature for rapidly star-forming galaxies. We demonstrate that such high values of σg can be explained by (1) insufficient beam smearing corrections in observations and (2) stellar feedback being coupled to the ionized gas phase traced by recombination lines. Given that the observed SFR–σg relation is composed of highly heterogeneous data, with σg at high SFRs almost exclusively being derived from H α observations of high-redshift galaxies with complex morphologies, we caution against analytical models that attempt to explain the SFR–σg relation without accounting for these effects.
Feedback effect on the observable properties of z &gt; 6 AGN
Authors: Vito F , Di Mascia F , Gallerani S , Zana T , Ferrara A , Carniani S , Gilli R 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback has a major impact on to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, the properties of the host galaxies, and their cosmic evolution. We investigate the effects of different kinetic feedback prescriptions on the observable properties of AGN and their host galaxies at z &gt; 6 in a suite of zoom-in cosmological simulations. We find that kinetic feedback decreases the column density of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the host galaxy by up to a factor of ≈10, especially when the SMBHs reach high accretion rates ($\approx 10{-}30\, \mathrm{M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$). In particular, kinetic feedback is required to extend the ISM size to &gt;1 kpc and match the observed sizes of the gas reservoirs in z &gt; 6 AGN host galaxies. Moreover, it produces unobscured lines of sight along which the AGN can be detected in the rest-frame UV band with magnitudes consistent with observed values of z &gt; 6 AGN. The assumed geometry of the outflow plays an important role in shaping the observed properties of high-redshift AGN. We find that a biconical geometry is favoured over a spherical one to reproduce the observed properties, but it overestimates the number of multiple AGN systems detectable in X-ray observations. This result suggests that simplistic BH seeding recipes widely employed in cosmological simulations produce too many X-ray detectable multiple AGN at z = 6−7, thus soliciting the adoption of more physically motivated seeding prescriptions.