bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of body composition and liver epigenetic markers during periods of negative energy balance and subsequent compensatory growth in postpubertal beef bulls
Authors: Moura Felipe H , Fonseca Mozart A , Macias-Franco Arturo , Archilia Evandro C , Batalha Isadora M , Pena-Bello Camilo A , Silva Aghata E M , Moreira Gabriel M , Schütz Luis F , Norris Aaron B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the effects of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on body composition and hepatic gene expression of epigenetic markers of DNA methylation, RNA m6A methylation, and histone acetylation in the liver of postpubertal beef bulls. Twelve Angus × Hereford crossbred bulls (n = 6, 23 ± 0.55 mo [young bulls], 558 ± 6.1 kg; and n = 6, 47 ± 1.2 mo [mature bulls], 740 ± 30.5 kg) were submitted to two dietary regimes per offering of the same hay: low plane of nutrition (90 d) and compensatory growth (90 d). Each animal acted as its own control and were fed Beardless wheat (Triticum aestivum) hay and mineral mix during the trial. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 following a pre-post repeated measures design. Bulls in negative energy balance (NEB) decreased (P &lt; 0.001) empty body weight (EBW; 23.1% [−139.1 kg]), empty body fat (EBF; 39.8% [−85.4 kg]), and empty body protein (EBP; 14.9% [−13.5 kg]) and fully recovered at the end of the trial. Body fat accounted for 77.1% of daily changes in body energy status, whereas body protein accounted for only 22.9% (P &lt; 0.001). Relative abundance of epigenetic markers transcripts was analyzed via qPCR. Bulls at NEB tended (P ≤ 0.097) to increase gene expression of epigenetic markers of RNA m6A methylation (METTL14, VIRMA, and WTAP) and increased (P ≤ 0.050) the gene expression of epigenetic markers of DNA methylation (DNMT3A) and histone-acetylation (SIRT3 and SIRT7). Young bulls had a tendency (P ≤ 0.072) of higher RNA m6A methylation, VIRMA, and WTAP than mature bulls. Effect of diet × age interaction was not detected (P ≥ 0.137) for METTL14, VIRMA, WTAP, DNMT3A, SIRT3, or SIRT7. Younger bulls tended to have greater RNA m6A methylation levels than mature bulls, indicating that, while contemporaneously fed the same diet during periods of undernourishment followed by compensatory growth, age has an impact on this epigenetic mechanism. In conclusion, metabolic status seems to carry a greater impact on regulating bovine hepatic epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene transcription, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, than on epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene translation, such as RNA m6A methylation. During periods of undernourishment followed by compensatory growth, body fat pools appear to change more dynamically and are easily detected having a greater impact on epigenetic markers that modulate hepatic gene transcription rather than translation.
Aorto-cavitary fistula: a rare case of Enterobacter cloacae infective endocarditis complicated by aortic root abscess and fistula to the right ventricle
Authors: Tan Charis , Wales Kathryn M , Huynh Annie , Huang Linna , De Boer Madeleine , Bannon Paul G , Bayfield Matthew S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae are a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). We present an interesting case of a 51-year-old intravenous drug user with E. cloacae IE of a prosthetic aortic valve and a fistula into the right ventricle. He underwent surgical repair and 6 weeks of intravenous meropenem.
Surface modification of ZnIn2S4 layers to realize energy-transfer-mediated photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Xianshun , Luo Xiao , Jin Sen , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Hui , Shao Wei , Wu Xiaojun , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Photocatalytic selective aerobic oxidation reactions are crucial in designing advanced organic intermediates, but suffer from low conversion efficiency. Hence, activating O2 to create suitable reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen (1O2), can significantly increase the yield of desired products. Herein, using ZnIn2S4 nanosheets as a model system, we build a surface-modified theoretical structure, where a surface-covered non-conductive macromolecular chain, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), is bound to ZnIn2S4 and influences the O2 adsorption process. PVP on the surface significantly changes the electronic structure and suppresses electron conduction of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets. Therefore, abundantly photogenerated and long-lived species transfer their energy to physically absorbed O2 to efficiently generate 1O2, which can oxidize sulphides into their corresponding sulphoxides. For sulphoxidation of different sulphides, surface modification brings a 3–9-fold increase in conversion efficiency and high selectivities ≥98%. This study provides a feasible way of boosting 1O2-generation-related photocatalytic reactions.
Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Is Associated With a Lower Viral Load and Likelihood of Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Bramante Carolyn T , Proper Jennifer L , Boulware David R , Karger Amy B , Murray Thomas , Rao Via , Hagen Aubrey , Tignanelli Christopher J , Puskarich Michael , Cohen Ken , Liebovitz David M , Klatt Nichole R , Broedlow Courtney , Hartman Katrina M , Nicklas Jacinda , Ibrahim Sherehan , Zaman Adnin , Saveraid Hanna , Belani Hrishikesh , Ingraham Nicholas , Christensen Grace , Siegel Lianne , Sherwood Nancy E , Fricton Regina , Lee Sam , Odde David J , Buse John B , Huling Jared D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Data conflict on whether vaccination decreases severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load. The objective of this analysis was to compare baseline viral load and symptoms between vaccinated and unvaccinated adults enrolled in a randomized trial of outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment.

Methods
Baseline data from the first 433 sequential participants enrolling into the COVID-OUT trial were analyzed. Adults aged 30–85 with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 were eligible within 3 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and &lt;7 days of symptoms. Log10 polymerase chain reaction viral loads were normalized to human RNase P by vaccination status, by time from vaccination, and by symptoms.

Results
Two hundred seventy-four participants with known vaccination status contributed optional nasal swabs for viral load measurement: median age, 46 years; median (interquartile range) BMI 31.2 (27.4–36.4) kg/m2. Overall, 159 (58%) were women, and 217 (80%) were White. The mean relative log10 viral load for those vaccinated &lt;6 months from the date of enrollment was 0.11 (95% CI, –0.48 to 0.71), which was significantly lower than the unvaccinated group (P = .01). Those vaccinated ≥6 months before enrollment did not differ from the unvaccinated with respect to viral load (mean, 0.99; 95% CI, –0.41 to 2.40; P = .85). The vaccinated group had fewer moderate/severe symptoms of subjective fever, chills, myalgias, nausea, and diarrhea (all P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
These data suggest that vaccination within 6 months of infection is associated with a lower viral load, and vaccination was associated with a lower likelihood of having systemic symptoms.
A large amount of microscopic precipitates are inevitably injected during infusion therapy without an in-line filter
Authors: Shimoyama Shinya , Takahashi Daisuke , Arai Syuhei , Asami Yuji , Nakajima Kimiko , Ikeda Kentaro , Takizawa Takumi , Kobayashi Tomio 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Infusion route problems can have a significant impact on hemodynamics in children with severe heart failure. Here, we report the case of a 13-year-old girl with dilated cardiomyopathy. Her condition fluctuated due to frequent occlusion of the central venous catheter (CVC) route. However, a quick check revealed no apparent abnormalities in the CVC, infusion route, in-line filter or infusion pump. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that dobutamine and heparin had crystallized and that the in-line filter membrane was occluded. This case emphasizes the importance of proper infusion route management in pediatric patients with severe heart failure. Even drugs that are used daily may form microscopic crystals at several concentrations and administration rates. Without an in-line filter, microscopic particles are injected into the body, and there is no evidence that the injected crystals do not cause permanent damage.
Left ventricular aneurysm as long-term complication of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: is it still a benign disease?—case report
Authors: Elzieny Ali A 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is considered a benign syndrome that presented by transient characteristic left ventricular dysfunction with a variety of wall-motion abnormalities that resolve completely after few weeks. In this report, a 67-year-old female—who was diagnosed by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after emotional stress 2 years ago—presented by shortness of breath that associated with palpitation and chest pain. Echocardiogram showed paradoxical septal motion with aneurysmal anterior septal walls. Myocardial perfusion imaging reveled no perfusion defects suggestive of ischemia. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging reveled outpouching aneurysm of anterior septal wall with no delayed gadolinium enhancement. Heart team had recommended medical therapy. Patient was improved at follow-up visits. In conclusion, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy should be reconsidered as benign disease with short- and long-term outcome and complications.
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery in a middle-aged woman with COVID-19.
Authors: Parsa Amir Farhang Zand , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Houshmand Golnaz 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular involvement is commonly described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where myocardial injury can be caused by exacerbation of the underlying disease and de novo cardiovascular involvement, including myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction. There was a drop in acute coronary syndrome admission rates worldwide as collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic as patients were reluctant to seek appropriate care. We presented a 47-year-old woman with acute heart failure and COVID-19 pneumonia. She had a history of typical prolonged chest pain 2 weeks before but no coronary risk factors. The electrocardiogram was consistent with late presentation myocardial infarction. Focused echocardiography showed severe left ventricle systolic dysfunction. She was medically treated for both pneumonia and heart failure. Coronary angiography showed no flow-limiting lesion. Cardiac magnetic resonance in the recovery phase revealed subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement in the left anterior descending territory compatible with myocardial infarction.
Diabetic ketoacidosis-associated gangrenous ischaemic colitis masquerading as acute pancreatitis and differentiated using computed tomography
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroaki , Jiang Shi-Xu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of an acute abdomen during an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is crucial for providing appropriate treatments and obtaining favourable outcomes, but may be difficult due to its considerable overlap with multiple intra-abdominal diseases in terms of clinical course and laboratory findings. In this study, we presented a case showing signs of an acute abdomen with sharp rises in serum pancreatic biochemical markers during the treatment of DKA with pyelonephritis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed to confirm the onset of acute pancreatitis; however, pneumatosis intestinalis and poor enhancement of the rectal wall were detected, indicating the presence of rectal infarction. Hartmann’s procedure was immediately performed, and histological examination of the resected specimen revealed gangrenous ischaemic colitis. The present case highlights DKA as a risk factor of ischaemic colitis and the role of contrast-enhanced CT in the differential diagnosis of an acute abdomen in hyperglycaemic crisis.
NSTEMI with total left circumflex occlusion: how the N-wave might help (case report)
Authors: Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Wardhani Louisa Fadjri Kusuma , Pratanu Iswanto , Kartikasari Dian Paramita , Doevendans Pieter A 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A rise and/or fall in troponin level is an indication of type 1 or 2 myocardial infarct. A 62-year-old male physician presented to emergency room with chest discomfort followed by thought to be normal electrocardiogram (ECG) and normal echocardiography results. His serial hs-troponin test showed remarkable escalation three hours from the initial (107 ng/l into 4.978 ng/l), suggesting a high-risk non-ST-segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). An early invasive procedure was performed, showing acute total occlusion (TO) in the obtuse marginal 1 branch. We retrospectively reviewed our examination to diagnose better the presence of TO in NSTEMI patients presented with non-diagnostic examination. Our evaluation showed a minor change in the form of an ‘N-wave’ pattern on the ECG, which was not yet an established guideline criterion for prompt angiography. Although ECG pattern is often normal in LCx occlusion, recent study shows the presence of ‘N-wave’ ECG pattern in 10% of NSTEMI cases following TO at LCx.
Outcome of patient with myasthenia gravis with the use of immunotherapy in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Williams Sarah , Liang Christina , Guminski Alexander , Hruby George , Chan David 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on a 79-year-old man diagnosed with localized Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) who also had acetylcholine receptor antibody (Ach-R-Ab)-positive myasthenia gravis (MG) controlled on prednisolone, mycophenolate and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). His MCC was initially treated with radiation, followed by chemotherapy on metastatic recurrence. Chemotherapy initially stabilized the disease, but he experienced significant fatigue and his disease progressed within 3 months. After careful consideration of the risk of a myasthenic crisis, he was commenced on avelumab. He had initial partial response, though he ultimately developed progressive disease which led to a decision for best supportive care at 10 months post starting immunotherapy. Importantly, as per spirometry, his MG remained stable throughout immunotherapy. We present the current case to demonstrate that MG should not be viewed as an absolute contraindication to immunotherapy in scenarios where there are limited alternate therapeutic options.
Cellular localization of Arabidopsis EARLY FLOWERING3 is responsive to light quality
Authors: Ronald James , Su Chen , Wang Lei , Davis Seth J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Circadian clocks facilitate the coordination of physiological and developmental processes to changing daily and seasonal cycles. A hub for environmental signaling pathways in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) circadian clock is the evening complex (EC), a protein complex composed of EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRYTHMO (LUX). Formation of the EC depends on ELF3, a scaffold protein that recruits the other components of the EC and chromatin remodeling enzymes to repress gene expression. Regulating the cellular distribution of ELF3 is thus an important mechanism in controlling its activity. Here, we determined that the cellular and sub-nuclear localization of ELF3 is responsive to red (RL) and blue light and that these two wavelengths have apparently competitive effects on where in the cell ELF3 localizes. We further characterized the RL response, revealing that at least two RL pathways influence the cellular localization of ELF3. One of these depends on the RL photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB), while the second is at least partially independent of phyB activity. Finally, we investigated how changes in the cellular localization of ELF3 are associated with repression of EC target-gene expression. Our analyses revealed a complex effect whereby ELF3 is required for controlling RL sensitivity of morning-phased genes, but not evening-phased genes. Together, our findings establish a previously unknown mechanism through which light signaling influences ELF3 activity.
Perceptive and affective impairments in emotive eye-region processing in alexithymia
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Goerlich Katharina S , Xu Pengfei , Luo Yue-jia , Aleman André 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Alexithymia is characterized by impairments in emotion processing, frequently linked to facial expressions of emotion. The eye-region conveys information necessary for emotion processing. It has been demonstrated that alexithymia is associated with reduced attention to the eyes, but little is known regarding the cognitive and electrophysiological mechanisms underlying emotive eye-region processing in alexithymia. Here, we recorded behavioral and electrophysiological responses of individuals with alexithymia (ALEX; n = 25) and individuals without alexithymia (NonALEX; n = 23) while they viewed intact and eyeless faces with angry and sad expressions during a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation task. Results showed different eye-region focuses and differentiating N1 responses between intact and eyeless faces to anger and sadness in NonALEX, but not in ALEX, suggesting deficient perceptual processing of the eye-region in alexithymia. Reduced eye-region focus and smaller differences in frontal alpha asymmetry in response to sadness between intact and eyeless faces were observed in ALEX than NonALEX, indicative of impaired affective processing of the eye-region in alexithymia. These findings highlight perceptual and affective abnormalities of emotive eye-region processing in alexithymia. Our results contribute to understanding the neuropsychopathology of alexithymia and alexithymia-related disorders.
Effects of host and pathogenicity on mutation rates in avian influenza A viruses
Authors: Kim Gwanghun , Shin Hyun Mu , Kim Hang-Rae , Kim Yuseob 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mutation is the primary determinant of genetic diversity in influenza viruses. The rate of mutation, measured in an absolute time-scale, is likely to be dependent on the rate of errors in copying RNA sequences per replication and the number of replications per unit time. Conditions for viral replication are probably different among host taxa, potentially generating the host specificity of the viral mutation rate, and possibly between highly and low pathogenic (HP and LP) viruses. This study investigated whether mutation rates per year in avian influenza A viruses depend on host taxa and pathogenicity. We inferred mutation rates from the rates of synonymous substitutions, which are assumed to be neutral and thus equal to mutation rates, at four segments that code internal viral proteins (PB2, PB1, PA, NP). On the phylogeny of all avian viral sequences for each segment, multiple distinct subtrees (clades) were identified that represent viral subpopulations, which are likely to have evolved within particular host taxa. Using simple regression analysis, we found that mutation rates were significantly higher in viruses infecting chickens than domestic ducks and in those infecting wild shorebirds than wild ducks. Host dependency of the substitution rate was also confirmed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. However, we did not find evidence that the mutation rate is higher in HP than in LP viruses. We discuss these results considering viral replication rate as the major determinant of mutation rate per unit time.
Examining the Impact of Chronic Pain on Information Processing Behavior: An Exploratory Eye-tracking Study
Authors: Alrefaei Doaa , Sankar Gaayathri , Nia Javad Norouzi , Djamasbi Soussan , Strong Diane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChronic pain is a multifaceted complex experience that is often captured with self-reported measures. While subjective self-reported measures capture pain from a patient’s point of view, they are limited in information richness. Collecting eye movements when completing self-reported subjective pain measures provides valuable insight about information processing and decision behavior. This information can improve the information richness of self-reported pain measures by providing a broader view of an individual’s pain experience. How people process information and make decisions when completing pain measures can also help to investigate the cognitive-evaluative aspects of chronic pain, which in turn can provide insight for developing eye-tracking biomarkers of chronic pain, and by doing so help develop smart clinician support technologies. Our preliminary results show that people with chronic pain expended significantly more cognitive effort than their pain-free counterparts when completing three self-reported pain measures that are widely used in clinical settings. These results are promising because they suggest that eye movements may serve as valuable information to accompany self-reported pain scores and thus enable effective assessment and management of chronic pain. The results also suggest that eye movements may serve as suitable biomarkers of chronic pain.
Antibiotic utilization pattern in burn patients admitted at tertiary hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Thapa Prakriti , Bista Durga , Baidya Pankaj , Giri Piyush 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBurn patients are at high risk for nosocomial infection. Antibiotics are the key drugs for the treatment of infections. Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics increase both bacterial resistance and the cost of treatment. The introduction of correct and rational use of antibiotics appears to be impossible without having the knowledge of the current situation of antibiotic consumption. So, the study was conducted to know the current situation of antibiotic utilization pattern in burn patients.MethodsA Retrospective review of medical records was done to analyze the utilization pattern of antibiotics. The data were collected from Kirtipur hospital from June 2018 to May 2019. All the admitted patients irrespective of age, gender who were prescribed antibiotics and presented within three days of burn were included in the study. Patients admitted for less than 24hrs of a time were excluded from the study.ResultsA total of 249 reviewed case records came under inclusion criteria. Among them 51.8% were female and 48.2% were male. Mostly affected age group was 15-29 years (34.5%). Flame burn (51.8%) was the main cause of the burn. The majority had second-degree burn and 36.90% had 0-10% burn. Third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone had the highest DDD/100BD (19.05). The most frequently used antibiotics were ceftriaxone, cefazolin, and piperacillin+tazobactam. DU90% comprises 12 antibiotics out of 30 antibiotics. The average number of antibiotics prescribed was 2.12 with a range of 1 to 7.ConclusionsThis study revealed the trend of antibiotic utilization pattern in burn patients. Third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone was the most prescribed antibiotic. Regular antibiotic consumption using DDD methodology is needed for regular monitoring of antibiotic consumption so that timely intervention can be made and this study can be used as a baseline study.