bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the near‐surface trace of the seismically active Kachchh Mainland Fault and its lateral extension in the blind zone, Western India
Authors: Maurya Deepak M. , Chowksey Vikas , Shaikh Mohamedharoon A. , Patidar Atul K. , Padmalal Akash , Chamyal Laxman S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe W–WNW‐striking Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF) is the largest intra‐basinal fault in the Kachchh Rift Basin (KRB) located at the western continental margin of the Indian plate, and is responsible for several historic earthquakes, including the 2001 Bhuj earthquake and the 1956 Anjar earthquake. The objective of the study is to constrain the precise location and near‐surface characteristics of the KMF using field and ground penetrating radar (GPR) studies. Efforts were also made to ascertain and map the eastward continuity of the KMF. The fault has a prominent geomorphic expression up to the east of Devisar, where the KMF scarp finally dies out. The KMF marks the lithotectonic contact between Mesozoic rocks in the south and Tertiary rocks in the north. The segmented nature of the KMF has been previously attributed to transverse faults, complex deformation zones and heterogeneous assemblages of unconformable Quaternary deposits. Eight survey sites between Nirona and Sikra were chosen for near‐surface investigation of KMF using GPR. Comparatively, high‐amplitude radar reflections were received from well‐compacted sand‐ and shale‐rich Mesozoic rocks, whereas low‐amplitude weak reflections were observed from softer and clay‐rich Tertiary rocks. In the upper section of the GPR profiles, Quaternary deposits display low‐ to moderate‐amplitude semi‐continuous to wavy reflections. The traceable length of the KMF has been extended eastward by ∼20 km through the current study, which is considered a blind zone as feeble surficial evidence is present, but the fault trace is confirmed near the surface using GPR. The eastern part of the KMF is inferred to be a near‐vertical north‐dipping normal fault based on GPR data analysis. The tendency of the KMF to transform into a reverse fault in the vicinity of the intersection with transverse faults implies zones of relatively higher stress accumulation that might activate and trigger devastating earthquakes in the future.
Cluster Compounds with Oxidised, Hexanuclear [Nb6Cli12Ia6]n− Anions (n=2 or 3)
Authors: Schröder Florian , Köckerling Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFour mixed‐halide cluster salts with chloride‐iodide‐supported octahedral Nb6 metal atoms cores were prepared and investigated. The cluster anions have the formula [Nb6Cli12Ia6]n− with Cl occupying the inner ligand sites and I the outer one. They are one‐ or two‐electron‐oxidized (n=2 or 3) with respect to the starting material cluster. (Ph4P)+ and (PPN)+ function as counter cations. The X‐ray structures reveal a mixed occupation of the outer sites for only one compound, (PPN)3[Nb6Cli12Ia5.047(9)Cla0.953]. All four compounds are obtained in high yield. If in the chemical reactions a mixture of acetic anhydride, CH2Cl2, and trimethylsilyl iodide is used, the resulting acidic conditions lead to form the two‐electron‐oxidised species (n=2) with 14 cluster‐based electrons (CBEs). If only acetic anhydride is used, the 15 CBE species (n=3) is obtained in high yield. Interesting intermolecular bonding is found in (Ph4P)2[Nb6Cli12Ia6] ⋅ 4CH2Cl2 with I⋅⋅⋅I halogen bonding and π‐π bonding interactions between the phenyl rings of the cations in (PPN)3[Nb6Cli12Ia5.047(9)Cla0.953]. The solubility of (Ph4P)2[Nb6Cli12Ia6] ⋅ 4CH2Cl2 has been determined qualitatively in a variety of solvents, and good solubility in the aprotic solvents CH3CN, THF and CH2Cl2 has been found.
A proposed algorithm for evaluation and management of pediatric hemophilia patients who present to the emergency department with head trauma
Authors: Kracht M. Jensen , Stein Amy , Knoll Christine , Badia Alonso Priscila , Gomez Esteban , Quarmyne Maa‐Ohui , Shah Sanjay , Gendreau Joanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHemophilia is the deficiency of plasma clotting factor VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B) where management focuses on the prevention and treatment of acute bleeding symptoms and their sequelae. The most concerning risk is for life‐threatening bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), which is caused by head trauma. Guidelines exist for the evaluation and management of pediatric head trauma, including the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) protocol, but limited evidence exists for when hemophilia patients present to the emergency department (ED), specifically with head trauma. Literature is limited regarding ICH and hemophilia, which further supports the culture of uncertainty among providers. The objective of this study is to conduct a retrospective chart review to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ICH, and to describe computed tomography (CT) scan use in hemophilia patients who present to Phoenix Children's Hospital (PCH) ED with head trauma from January 1, 2007 to June 1, 2019. A total of 89 ED visits and 43 patients met inclusion criteria, and prevalence of ICH was determined to be 4% with the patients presenting with varied clinical characteristics and few commonalities. Using these data, we propose a new algorithm to aid clinicians in determining the need for CT scan in pediatric hemophilia patients who present to the ED with head trauma.
Mechanical, thermal, and surface morphological properties of Musa acuminate peduncle fiber‐reinforced polymeric composite: Effect of alkalization and fiber loading
Authors: Durai Praveen Nagarajan , Viswalingam Kathir , Divya D. , Senthilkumar B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis investigation focuses on studying the properties of treated and untreated Musa acuminate peduncle fiber (MAPF)‐reinforced epoxy composites. The effect of fiber weight fraction and alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of MAPF‐reinforced epoxy composites was investigated for the first time. A considerable enhancement in the tensile, impact, and flexural characteristics was observed at 20 wt% fiber; beyond 20 wt%, the properties were found to decrease. The increase in cellulose (from 66.43 to 74.22 wt%) and decrease in lignin (from 16.85 to 7.91 wt%) and hemicellulose (from 13.72 to 8.58 wt%) in alkali‐treated fiber resulted in a more crystalline structure. This led to improved tensile (tensile strength 53.61 MPa and tensile modulus 0.561 GPa), flexural (flexural strength 64.33 MPa and flexural modulus 5.43 GPa), and impact (90.33 J/m) composite properties compared to the untreated fiber composite. After tensile testing, the composite's fractured cross‐sections were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that the alkali‐treated MAPF‐reinforced composite had fewer voids and improved fiber bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy studies also revealed that alkali‐treated MAPFs area promising reinforcement for the epoxy polymer matrix.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of natural fillers loaded HDPE composites for domestic applications
Authors: Ayyanar C. Balaji , Dharshinii M. Dhivyya , Marimuthu K. , Akhil S. , Mugilan T. , Bharathiraj C. , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Khan Anish , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work aims to incorporate lignocellulosic coconut coir (CC) fillers into the HDPE matrix for domestic cloth clip product development where the strength is less significant. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of HDPE composites with varying weight fractions of CC fillers (10, 20 wt%) were investigated. The die for product development was designed through Pro‐E software and manufactured with relevant machining processes. The composites were fabricated through the injection molding technique as per ASTM standards. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, the microstructure and various proportions of elements present in the composites were investigated. The presence of different functional groups and their vibrations were identified through the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. The experimental mechanical results reveal the positive effect of CC fillers in the HDPE matrix, and the results were a maximum of 20 wt% CC filler incorporation. The filler reinforcement has little effect on the thermal degradation behavior since the step of deterioration is not changed appreciably. Nevertheless, the initial degradation temperature was affected by the presence of CC fillers. Depolymerization and dehydration of diverse ingredients correspond to different endothermic peaks in the DSC curve. Based on the characterization results, the 20 wt% CC filled‐loaded partial eco‐composite was selected for cloth clip product development.
Performance of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/microcrystalline cellulose biocomposites with different filler contents and maleic anhydride compatibilization
Authors: Ye Gaoyuan , Li Zelong , Chen Boyuan , Bai Xin , Chen Xu , Hu Yingcheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, polylactic acid (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites and PLA/PCL/MCC composite compatibilized by the maleic anhydride (MA) copolymer were prepared via two‐screw extrusion technology. The mechanical results showed that the strength and break elongation of the ternary composites are decreased with the increase in the MCC contents. After the grafting copolymer was added, due to the better compatibility between the components of the composite, the strength and break elongation of the composite are significantly improved compared with that of ungrafted composite. According to the conducted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the crystallinity of the PLA/PCL/MCC composites is increased with the increase in the MCC content, and the crystallinity of the grafted composites is higher. In addition, the 3D printed PLA/PLAma/PCL/5MCC composite exhibits good biocompatibility and adhesion with MCF‐7 cells, thus indicating its bright application prospects as a biomaterial scaffold material in tissue engineering.
Relationship between Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure score and clinical symptoms in patients with major psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals
Authors: Hidese Shinsuke , Matsuo Junko , Ishida Ikki , Yokota Yuuki , Ota Miho , Hattori Kotaro , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimWe compared the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) scores between diagnostic groups and examined the relationship between IPSM scores and clinical variables.MethodsThis study included 166 patients with schizophrenia, 47 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) Ⅰ, 110 patients with BD Ⅱ, 380 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 558 healthy individuals. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale, 21‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD‐21), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).ResultsThe IPSM interpersonal awareness, separation anxiety, timidity, fragile inner self, and total scores were significantly higher in all the patient groups compared with healthy individuals (corrected p < 0.05). The IPSM need for approval score was significantly higher in patients with BD Ⅰ and those with BD Ⅱ than in those with schizophrenia or MDD (corrected p < 0.05). The PSQI total score and PANSS general psychopathology score, HAMD‐21 delusion subscale score, HAMD‐21 total score, and HAMD‐21 core subscale score and PSQI sleep disturbance subscale score were significantly and positively correlated with the IPSM total score in patients with schizophrenia, those with BD Ⅰ, those with BD Ⅱ, and those with MDD, respectively, while the PSQI total score and daytime dysfunction subscale score were significantly and positively correlated with the IPSM total score in healthy individuals (corrected p < 0.05).ConclusionOur data suggest that higher interpersonal sensitivity may play a role in the development of major psychiatric disorders and may be involved in some clinical symptom formations.
Ultrafast laser applications in the kW‐class
Authors: Holder Daniel , Henn Manuel , Peter Alexander , Faas Sebastian , Feuer Anne , Freitag Christian , Weber Rudolf , Onuseit Volkher , Graf Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUltrafast lasers are an excellent tool for processing almost all materials and for micromachining structures and geometries with sizes ranging from nanometers to millimeters. Their only weakness, the low average power of the beam source and therefore the lack of potential for high throughput, disappeared with the development of ultrafast lasers with average powers exceeding 1 kW. With the high average power, a new challenge has emerged for systems engineering and process development: achieving high throughput micromachining with high average power ultrafast lasers while maintaining high quality.
Elastic Anisotropy of 1,3,5‐Triamino‐2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzene as a Function of Temperature and Pressure: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Lafourcade Paul , Maillet Jean‐Bernard , Bruzy Nicolas , Denoual Christophe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe equation of state of the triclinic compound 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) as well as its second‐order isothermal elastic tensor were computed through classical molecular dynamics simulations under various temperature and pressure conditions. Hydrostatic pressures similar to previous diamond anvil cell experiments were imposed up to 60 GPa and temperatures chosen between 100 and 900 K in conjunction with the most recent version of an all‐atom fully flexible molecule force field. The isothermal elastic constants were computed using the generalized Hooke's law by fitting Cauchy stress vs. linear strain curves for pressures below 50 GPa. Along isobaric loadings, TATB single crystal stiffnesses are found to undergo softening, less pronounced at high pressure, while maintaining its elastic anisotropy. On the other hand, along an isothermal loading, a non‐linear increase is observed in the elastic constants with respect to pressure with a significant decrease in anisotropy. Towards a precise mesoscopic modelling of TATB single crystal mechanical behavior, we provide “ready to plug‐in” analytical formulations of the P, V, T equation of state and pressure‐temperature dependent non‐linear elasticity.
Evolution of homo‐oligomerization of methionine S‐adenosyltransferases is replete with structure–function constrains
Authors: Kleiner Daniel , Shapiro Tuchman Ziva , Shmulevich Fannia , Shahar Anat , Zarivach Raz , Kosloff Mickey , Bershtein Shimon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHomomers are prevalent in bacterial proteomes, particularly among core metabolic enzymes. Homomerization is often key to function and regulation, and interfaces that facilitate the formation of homomeric enzymes are subject to intense evolutionary change. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive evolutionary variation in homomeric complexes is still lacking. How is the diversification of protein interfaces linked to variation in functional regulation and structural integrity of homomeric complexes? To address this question, we studied quaternary structure evolution of bacterial methionine S‐adenosyltransferases (MATs)—dihedral homotetramers formed along a large and conserved dimeric interface harboring two active sites, and a small, recently evolved, interdimeric interface. Here, we show that diversity in the physicochemical properties of small interfaces is directly linked to variability in the kinetic stability of MAT quaternary complexes and in modes of their functional regulation. Specifically, hydrophobic interactions within the small interface of Escherichia coli MAT render the functional homotetramer kinetically stable yet impose severe aggregation constraints on complex assembly. These constraints are alleviated by electrostatic interactions that accelerate dimer‐dimer assembly. In contrast, Neisseria gonorrhoeae MAT adopts a nonfunctional dimeric state due to the low hydrophobicity of its small interface and the high flexibility of its active site loops, which perturbs small interface integrity. Remarkably, in the presence of methionine and ATP, N. gonorrhoeae MAT undergoes substrate‐induced assembly into a functional tetrameric state. We suggest that evolution acts on the interdimeric interfaces of MATs to tailor the regulation of their activity and stability to unique organismal needs.
Weighted log‐rank test to compare two survival functions in the presence of dependent censoring
Authors: Flandre Philippe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComparing survival functions with the log‐rank test in the presence of dependent censoring can produce an invalid test result. We extend our previous work on the estimation of the survival function using prognostic variables to adjust for dependent censoring to the comparison of two survival distributions. In these estimators, the weights of a censored individual is redistributed among either a subset of patients in the risk set or all patients in the risk set but giving more weight to patients having smallest distances from the censored subject. The distance is based on two risk scores obtained from two working models, one for the failure time and one for the censoring time. Based on the estimators, we suggest a weighted log‐rank test to compare two survival distributions. A simulation study compared performance of our method with the analysis of the observed data without using auxiliary variables and with a recent method based on multiple imputation (KMIB method). With appropriate parameters, the weighted log‐rank approach provides sizes of the test comparable to the nominal value but higher powers than the two other methods. The method is illustrated with data from a breast cancer study.
Role of laser micro‐perforations on ethylene transmission rate in packaging materials used for fresh produce
Authors: Sonawane Akshay , Pathak Namrata , Weltzien Cornelia , Mahajan Pramod 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEthylene transmission through the packaging plays a vital role in determining the ethylene concentration inside the fresh produce package. Several investigations describing the oxygen, water vapour afnd carbon dioxide transmission in modified atmosphere packaging have been studied previously; however, there is a lack of studies on the ethylene transmission rate. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the ethylene transmission through a laser perforated oriented polypropylene packaging film, commonly used in fresh produce packaging. The impact of the perforation diameter (50–150 μm) and film thickness (20, 25 and 30 μm) at a temperature of 25°C on ethylene transmission rate was investigated. The ethylene transmission rate (
) varied from 6.75 to 10.06 cm3h−1. It was found to be varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05), proving its dependency on the selected perforation diameter and film thickness. An increase in the perforation diameter of packaging film increased the
exponentially, whereas the film thickness had less influence on the
. A model based on the perforation diameter and film thickness was employed with an acceptable R2 of 0.98. The model parameters (a = 17.44; b = 0.35; c = 0.14) determined in this study would be helpful in designing a packaging system for fresh produce that minimise ethylene accumulation.
Application of LC–MS/MS and UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap methods for determining 54 steroids in illegal dietary supplements and other sample types
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Jung Eun Ju , Ham Hyeon Joo , Yang Yoon Ji , Kim Nam Sook , Kim Hyung Il , Baek Sun Young 
Published: June 2022

RationaleWith the development of the Internet and social network services, the public access to or use of illegal products has been increased via on/offline black markets. Steroids refer to the compounds yielding strong treatment effects on some diseases or muscle building, and are classified as the pharmaceutical compounds that are prohibited for personal use without a prescription. The prohibition is made for their potential risk to cause serious adverse effects along with their efficacies.MethodsTo monitor the distribution of illicit products containing steroids, a simple and reliable analytical method was established and validated, allowing rapid and simultaneous determination of 54 steroids in them. During the screening, LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS was performed first followed by quantitative analysis using LC–MS/MS. For the accurate and reliable analysis, the samples were extracted using QuEChERS to reduce the matrix effect.ResultsAfter the screening of 617 illegal samples advertised as being effective in alleviating various diseases or improving athletic performance with the established LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method, the validated LC–MS/MS method was used to perform the quantitative analysis of the detected steroids. Of these, 142 samples were adulterated with steroids, and several samples with two or more steroids were detected. Due to the lack of previous studies on the toxicity of these illicit products, the side effects of consuming them are unpredictable and could be harmful.ConclusionsThe development of LC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method accompanied by LC–MS/MS could be successfully applied to the inspection of illegal steroid products for public health, enabling the rapid and accurate detection of analytes and incorporation of non‐analyte components.
Generalized continuous mixed p‐norm based sliding window algorithm for a bilinear system with impulsive noise
Authors: Liu Wentao , Xiong Weili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the identification issue of the bilinear system in the presence of the impulsive noise. The bilinear system based on the observer canonical form is translated into a regressive form, and a bilinear state observer is established to estimate the state variables. To overcome the effects of the impulsive noise to parameter estimation, the proposed algorithms employ a generalized continuous mixed ‐norm cost function, which can generate an adjustable gain that control the proportions of the error norms without resorting to a priori knowledge of the noise. Moreover, a sliding window is designed to update the dynamical data by removing the oldest data and adding the newest measurement data. An numerical example exhibits that the proposed algorithms can reduce the impact of the impulsive noise to parameter estimation and improve the parameter estimation accuracy compared with the conventional algorithms.
Cholesterol‐Modified Quinazoline: Gelation, Ag+ and Al3+ Ion Detection under Different Conditions and Phase Selective Dye Removal with an Ag‐gel
Authors: Raza Rameez , Mukherjee Manjira , Panja. Atanu , Baildya Nabajyoti , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA newly designed cholesterol‐based quinazoline system 1 has been synthesized. The gelation ability of the compound 1 has been examined in different solvents. It exhibits strong gelation with silver perchlorate in benzene and acts as excellent visual detector of Ag+ ions over a series of other metal ions examined. The compound 1 selectively detects Al3+ ion as well with significant fluorometric response and color change. The benzene gel of 1 exhibits good viscoelastic response. In rheological study, the values of G’ are observed to be 8 times higher than those of G’’ at any frequency which signify dominant elastic character of the gel. The mode of aggregation of 1 during gelation in the presence of Ag+ ions and the binding of Al3+ ion in solution are explained by several spectroscopic techniques such as UV‐vis, fluorescence, FTIR and NMR. Theoretical study further enlightens the observations. As application, Ag‐gel shows excellent ability to remove toxic dyes from water.