bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Scleral Lens in the Management of Irregular Corneas and Dry Eye Syndrome After Refractive Surgery
Authors: Marty Anne-Sophie , Jurkiewicz Tristan , Mouchel Romain , Febvay Camille , Caillat Thierry , Burillon Carole 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate the utility of the SPOT scleral lens (Oxygen Permeable Scleral Lens of Thonon; LAO, Thonon-les-Bains, France) in the management of the irregular cornea after refractive surgery.

Method:
We included 19 patients (35 eyes) with irregular corneas after refractive surgery. Patients were fitted with scleral lenses after the failure of conventional contact lenses adaptation. The ophthalmologic examination included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slitlamp examination, and evaluation of ocular aberrations (Objective Scattering Index [OSI] and higher-order aberration [HOA]).

Result:
Scleral lens fitting increases significantly the BCVA from 0.33 (±0.25) to 0.08 (±0.13) LogMAR (P<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in Ocular Surface Disease Index from 66.2±22.8 to 42.4±18.9 (P<0.001). Ocular aberrations (OAs) are also significantly reduced by the scleral lenses, the mean OSI goes from 7.2 (±4.2) to 3.0 (±1.8) (P<0.001), OA from 2.58 (±1.34) to 1.98 μm (±2.31) (P=0.035), and HOA from 0.94 (±0.51) to 0.48 (±0.23) (P=0.0018).

Conclusion:
Fitting with scleral lenses improves patients' optical and ocular surface problems. Scleral lens restores BCVA and the quality of life. Fitting with scleral lenses is an alternative to further surgery on these fragile eyes and is sometimes the only viable treatment option for the patient.
Dizziness Is Associated With Neck/Shoulder Pain Following Pediatric Concussion
Authors: Smulligan Katherine L. , Wingerson Mathew J. , Seehusen Corrine N. , Smith Andrew C. , Walker Gregory A. , Wilson Julie C. , Howell David. R. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To examine the association between dizziness and neck/shoulder pain after concussion and if differences in postural stability and oculomotor function exist among patients reporting dizziness with or without concurrent neck/shoulder pain.

Design:
Cross sectional.

Setting:
Sports medicine clinic.

Patients:
Pediatric patients ≤14 days post concussion.

Interventions:
N/A.

Outcome Measures:
Patients completed the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI) symptom rating and separately rated neck/shoulder pain (scale 0-3; 0 = no pain). We grouped patients by HBI dizziness rating (0 = not-dizzy; 1-3 = dizzy) and compared neck/shoulder pain ratings between the groups. We then compared oculomotor and postural stability outcomes between dizzy patients with and without neck/shoulder pain.

Results:
We included 153 patients: dizzy (n = 100; age = 14.6 ± 2.2 years; 48% female) and not-dizzy (n = 53, age = 14.4 ± 3.1 years; 38% female). The dizzy group reported significantly higher neck/shoulder pain (1.4 ± 1.1 vs 0.5 ± 0.9 points, P < 0.001) and total symptom score (25.7 ± 11.2 vs 11.7 ± 9.3 points, P < 0.001) than the not-dizzy group. After adjusting for total symptom score and preinjury anxiety, depression, and migraines, dizziness was associated with higher odds of neck/shoulder pain (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% CI, 1.2-3.0; P = 0.004). No differences were observed between dizzy patients with and without neck/shoulder pain for near point of convergence (10.0 ± 7.5 vs 8.5 ± 6.7 cm, P = 0.43), modified Balance Error Scoring System (8.9 ± 5.5 vs 6.8 ± 4.7 errors, P = 0.09), or tandem gait (single-task: 26.0 ± 12.3 vs 24.2 ± 11.9 seconds, P = 0.56; dual-task: 35.1 ± 14.3 vs 35.6 ± 18.6 seconds, P = 0.90).

Conclusions:
In concussion patients experiencing dizziness, evaluating neck/shoulder pain may help identify individuals who would benefit from cervical spine rehabilitation. However, other potential causes of dizziness should also be evaluated to facilitate timely recovery.
Trait Versus State Predictors of Emotional Distress Symptoms
Authors: Nordahl Henrik , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To enhance formulation and interventions for emotional distress symptoms, research should aim to identify factors that contribute to distress and disorder. One way to formulate emotional distress symptoms is to view them as state manifestations of underlying personality traits. However, the metacognitive model suggests that emotional distress is maintained by metacognitive strategies directed by underlying metacognitive beliefs. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the role of these factors as predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of 4936 participants collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits (especially neuroticism) were linked to anxiety and depression, but metacognitive beliefs and strategies accounted for additional variance. Among the predictors, metacognitive strategies accounted for the most variance in symptoms. Furthermore, we evaluated two statistical models based on personality traits versus metacognitions and found that the latter provided the best fit. Thus, these findings indicate that emotional distress symptoms are maintained by metacognitive strategies that are better accounted for by metacognitions compared with personality traits. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Historical and Forecasted Changes in Utilization of Same-Day Discharge After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy
Authors: Luchristt Douglas , Kenton Kimberly , Bretschneider C. Emi 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022; doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.03.011)
In conjunction with minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH), enhanced recovery after surgery pathways allows providers to offer same-day discharge (SDD), thereby reducing hospital cost and preventing increased adverse outcomes when compared with an overnight stay. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of studies found in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to describe changes in length of stay and SDD after MIH over the last decade and forecast anticipated utilization over the subsequent decade.
Estimated Prevalence of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia Among Individuals Giving Birth in the US in 2019
Authors: Wheeler Sarahn M. , Myers Sabrena O. , Swamy Geeta K. , Myers Evan R. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2022;5:e2142343)
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal or fetal morbidity and mortality. Research has shown that prophylactic low-dose aspirin (LDA) is effective in preventing preeclampsia.
Development of an Inventory of Dental Harms: Methods and Rationale
Authors: Kalenderian Elsbeth , Lee Joo Hyun , Obadan-Udoh Enihomo M. , Yansane Alfa , White Joel M. , Walji Muhammad F. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
While adverse events (AEs) are all too prevalent, their underlying causes are difficult to assess because they are often multifactorial. Standardizing the language of dental AEs is an important first step toward increasing patient safety for the dental patient.

Methods
We followed a multimodal approach building a dental AE inventory, which included a literature review; review of the MAUDE database; a cross-sectional, self-administered patient survey; focus groups; interviews with providers and domain experts; and chart reviews.

Results
One hundred eight unique allergy/toxicity/foreign body response, 70 aspiration/ingestion of foreign body, 70 infection, 52 wrong site/wrong patient/wrong procedure, 23 bleeding, 48 pain, 149 hard tissue injury, 127 soft tissue injury, 91 nerve injury, 171 other systemic complication, and 177 other orofacial complication were identified. Subtype AEs within the categories revealed that allergic reaction, aspiration, pain, and wrong procedure were the most common AEs identified among known (i.e., chart reviews) and hypothetical (i.e., interviews) sources.

Conclusions
Using a multimodal approach, a broad list of dental AEs was developed, in which the AEs were classed into 12 categories. Hard tissue injury was noted frequently during interviews and in actuality. Pain was the unexpected AE that was consistently identified with every modality used.

Practical Implications
Most AEs result in temporary harm with hard tissue injury being a common AE identified through interviews and in actuality through chart reviews. Acknowledging that AEs happen is an important step toward mitigating them and assuring quality of care for our patients.
Comparison of the Outcomes of Patients Starting Mechanical Ventilation in the General Ward Versus the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lee Song-I , Koh Younsuck , Lim Chae-Man , Hong Sang-Bum , Huh Jin Won 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Mechanical ventilation is sometimes initiated in the general ward (GW) due to the shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. We investigated whether invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) started in the GW affects the patient’s prognosis compared with its initiation in the ICU.

Methods
From January 2016 to December 2018, medical records of patients who started MV in the GW or ICU were collected. The 28-day mortality, ICU mortality, ventilator-free days, and complications related to the ventilator and the ventilator-free days were analyzed as outcomes.

Results
A total of 673 patients were enrolled. Among these, 268 patients (39.8%) started MV in the GW and 405 patients (60.2%) started MV within 24 hours after admittance to the ICU. There was no difference in 28-day mortality between the 2 groups (27.2% versus 27.2%, P = 0.997). In addition, there was no difference between ventilator-related complication rates, ventilator-free days, or the length of hospital stay. A high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, the presence of solid tumor, the absence of chronic kidney diseases, and low platelet count were associated with higher 28-day mortality. However, the initiation of MV in the GW was not associated with an increase in 28-day mortality compared with the initiation in the ICU.

Conclusions
Starting MV in the GW was not a risk factor for 28-day mortality. Therefore, prompt application of a ventilator if medically indicated, regardless of the patient’s location, is desirable if a skilled airway team and appropriate monitoring are available.
DREAMS impact on HIV status knowledge and sexual risk among cohorts of young women in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Floyd Sian , Mulwa Sarah , Magut Faith , Gourlay Annabelle , Mthiyane Nondumiso , Kamire Vivienne , Osindo Jane , Otieno Moses , Chimbindi Natsayi , Ziraba Abdhalah , Phillips-Howard Penelope , Kwaro Daniel , Shahmanesh Maryam , Birdthistle Isolde 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
We sought evidence of DREAMS’ impact on uptake of services and sexual risk among adolescent-girls-and-young-women (AGYW).

Design:
Cohorts of AGYW aged 13–22 years were randomly selected in 2017–2018 and followed-up to 2019; 1081 in Nairobi, Kenya;1171 in Gem, western Kenya;and 2184 in uMkhanyakude, South Africa.

Methods:
Outcomes were knowledge of HIV status, condomless sex (past 12 months), lifetime partners, transactional sex (past 12 months), and awareness and use of condoms and pre-exposure-prophylaxis (PrEP). Using a causal inference framework, we estimated the proportions with each outcome if all vs. none were DREAMS invitees by 2018.

Results:
Among AGYW followed up in 2019, the percentage invited to DREAMS by 2018 was 74, 57, and 53% in Nairobi, Gem, and uMkhanyakude, respectively. By 2018, the estimated percentages of AGYW who would know their HIV status, comparing the scenarios that all vs. none were DREAMS invitees, were 86 vs. 56% in Nairobi, 80 vs. 68% in Gem, and 56 vs. 49% in uMkhanyakude. By 2019, awareness of condoms and PrEP was high among DREAMS invitees, but recent participation in condom promotion activities was less than 50% and recent PrEP use was around 0–10%. In Gem, there was evidence of a reduction attributable to DREAMS in condomless sex, and among younger AGYW in the number of lifetime partners;in Nairobi evidence of a reduction in condomless sex among sexually active older AGYW;and in uMkhanya-kude no evidence that DREAMS changed these outcomes.

Conclusion:
Alongside sustaining high levels of knowledge of HIV status, more is needed to link AGYW into prevention methods such as PrEP and condoms.
Comprehensive HIV prevention promotes safer sexual partnerships, but poverty, social norms, and inequalities limit AGYW's prevention choices.
Unit costs of a community-based girl-centered HIV prevention program: a case study of Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe program
Authors: Okal Jerry O. , Awiti Japheth O. , Matheka James , Oluoch-Madiang Daniel , Obanda Rael , Mathur Sanyukta 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
We compare the unit costs of providing Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) interventions to adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) reached across two sites, an urban (Nyalenda A Ward) and peri-urban (Kolwa East Ward) setting, in Kisumu County of Kenya.

Design:
Micro-costing, using the average cost concept during project initiation and early implementation.

Methods:
Adopting the implementer's (provider's) perspective, we computed and classified costs in the following categories for each sub-implementing partner: medical and professional staff, administrative and support staff, materials and supplies, building space and utilities, equipment, establishment, and miscellaneous. These costs were summed across sub-implementing partners in a site to obtain the site-level total costs. These are then divided by the total number of AGYW reached in each site to obtain the unit costs. Data were collected from July to September 2017.

Results:
The unit costs in the peri-urban area were about 1.9 times of those in the urban area. It cost about US$67 [or 170 International Dollars] to deliver the DREAMS intervention package to each AGYW reached in the urban area as compared with approximately US$129 (or 327 International Dollars) in the peri-urban area.

Conclusion:
First, it was generally more expensive to deliver DREAMS interventions in the peri-urban setting as compared with the urban setting. Second, the difference in unit costs was mainly driven by the building space and utilities. Strategies to lower intervention costs are needed in the peri-urban setting, such as using existing infrastructure (either governmental or nongovernmental) or other innovative ways to deliver the services.
Modified McLaughlin’s Dynamic Muscle Support in the 21st Century? A Retrospective Study With a Prospective Follow-Up Analysis for Patients With Long Standing Facial Paralysis
Authors: Wüster Jonas , Kreutzer Kilian , Koerdt Steffen , Voss Jan Oliver , Richter Maximilian , Heiland Max , Doll Christian , Raguse Jan-Dirk 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Facial nerve paralysis can dramatically affect the life of a patient as it leads to significant alterations of the facial symmetry and functional limitations. Various methods exist including free neuromuscular flaps to reanimate patients suffering from uni- or even bilateral facial nerve paralysis. The more than 60-year-old technique described by McLaughlin continues to offer an alternative with distinct advantages for the individual patient. The present study aimed to evaluate clinical outcome and satisfaction of patients treated with a modified McLaughlin’s Dynamic Muscle Support.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 13 patients (mean age of 58.4 years) who received a modified McLaughlin’s Dynamic Muscle Support due to uni- or bilateral long-standing facial paralysis were included. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and patients were contacted for additional follow-up. Patients who agreed to participate in the follow-up study were asked to answer a self-developed questionnaire.

Results:
In all patients, a rehabilitation of facial symmetry with an improvement of the mimic expression could be achieved. Mean length of inpatient stay was 6.5 days and average duration of surgery was 121 minutes. No surgical site infection occurred. Mean follow-up was 23 months. Most of the patients were fully satisfied with the result and could experience functional and esthetic improvement.
Patients who participated in the prospective follow-up study were very satisfied with the esthetic result and functional outcome.

Conclusions:
Even in times of advanced microsurgical techniques, McLaughlin’s Dynamic Muscle Support appears to be a good alternative for the successful treatment of long-standing facial paralysis.
Sideburn Reconstruction Using a Pre-Expanded Island Scalp Flap Based on the Parietal Branch of Superficial Temporal Vessels
Authors: Yang Ruomeng , Ding Qiang , Zhu Shan , Zang Mengqing , Li Shanshan , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Sideburns are crucial for head and face esthetics. Absence of sideburns is associated with physical and psychological consequences. Many methods have been described for sideburn reconstruction; however, characteristics of the ideal method include optimal vascularization, ideal hair density, natural hair growth, and facial symmetry with minimum donor-site morbidity. In this study, the authors describe a novel method of sideburn reconstruction using a pre-expanded island scalp flap based on the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery. Between February 2012 and December 2020, 9 patients underwent sideburn reconstruction surgery that involved 2 stages. During the first stage, an appropriately sized tissue expander was inserted underneath the scalp. After sufficient inflation of the expander, at the second stage, an island scalp flap based on the parietal branch of the superficial temporal vessels was elevated to reconstruct the sideburns. The mean size of the defects was 8 × 4.4 cm (range, 6 × 3–12 × 5 cm), whereas the average flap dimension was 10.22 × 5.67 cm (range, 8 × 4–13 × 8 cm). All flaps survived completely without any perfusion-related complications. Patients were followed up after surgery, ranging from 4 to 34 months (mean, 15.67 months). All patients and/or their parents were satisfied with the final appearance in terms of hair density, hair growth direction, and facial symmetry. Although a 2-stage procedure, this novel technique allows the reconstruction of a new sideburn with natural growth and orientation of the hair and minimal morbidity for patients.
Quality of Life After Total Temporomandibular Joint Prothesis Surgery
Authors: Beret Marie , Nicot Romain , Gutman Laëtitia , Ferri Joël 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses are increasingly used in patients with joint destruction presenting significant pain and mouth opening limitation. This surgery can be considered as the last resort solution whose goal is to restore the mandible function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient quality of life (QoL) before and after TMJ replacement surgery with a total TMJ prosthesis, using a modified QoL scale.

Materials and Methods:
All patients with a total uni or bilateral TMJ prosthesis who could be contacted were included. All patients completed 2 retrospective questionnaires: once relative to the preoperative QoL and another for the post-operative QoL, including the assessment of mouth opening limitation, daily eating difficulties and also a QoL score, adapted from the TMJ-QoL questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 17 patients were included: 13 temporomandibular ankylosis, 3 condylar resorptions and 1 congenital malformation. Mouth opening limitation and daily eating difficulties were significantly reduced after surgery (P < 0.001). Nine of the 11 QoL questions showed a significant decrease in score and thus an improvement of the QoL after surgery: having a conversation (P = 0.006), eating (P < 0.001), yawning (P < 0.001), sleeping (
P
= 0.043), recreational activities (P = 0.005), relaxing (P= 0.021), feeling depressed because of TMJ problems (P = 0.032), daily activities (P = 0.008) and patient self-assessment of QoL (P = 0.003). Two showed no significant difference: taking analgesics, and social life. Total score of QoL showed a significant improvement (P= 0.003).

Conclusions:
Quality of life, mouth opening, and daily eating were significantly improved after total TMJ prosthesis, in agreement with the litterature. The TMJ prosthesis could be considered ealier in the management of end-stage temporomandibular disease.
Surgeon-reported Factors Influencing Adoption of Quality Standards for Goal-concordant Care in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Hu Frances Y. , Tabata-Kelly Masami , Johnston Fabian M. , Walling Anne M. , Lindvall Charlotta , Bernacki Rachelle E. , Pusic Andrea L. , Cooper Zara 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This study explored surgical oncologists’ perspectives on factors influencing adoption of quality standards in patients with advanced cancer.

Background:
The American College of Surgeons Geriatric Surgery Verification Program includes communication standards designed to facilitate goal-concordant care, yet little is known about how surgeons believe these standards align with clinical practice.

Methods:
Semistructured video-based interviews were conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 with academic surgical oncologists purposively sampled based on demographics, region, palliative care certification, and years in practice. Interviews addressed: (1) adherence to standards documenting care preferences for life-sustaining treatment, surrogate decision-maker, and goals of surgery; and (2) factors influencing their adoption into practice. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, qualitatively analyzed, and conducted until thematic saturation was reached.

Results:
Twenty-six surgeons participated (57.7% male, 8.5 mean years in practice, 19.2% palliative care board-certified). Surgeons reported low adherence to documenting care preferences and surrogate decision-maker and high adherence to discussing, but not documenting, goals of surgery. Participants held conflicting views about the relevance of care preferences to preoperative conversations and surrogate decision-maker documentation by the surgeon and questioned the direct connection between documentation of quality standards and higher value patient care. Key themes regarding factors influencing adoption of quality standards included organizational culture, workflow, and multidisciplinary collaboration.

Conclusions:
Although surgeons routinely discuss goals of surgery, documentation is inconsistent; care preferences and surrogate decision-makers are rarely discussed or documented. Adherence to these standards would be facilitated by multidisciplinary collaboration, institutional standardization, and evidence linking standards to higher value care.