bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Professional Musicians: Do Self-employed and Employer-employed Musicians Differ?
Authors: Stanhope Jessica , Cook Angus , Pisaniello Dino , Weinstein Philip 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Concerns have been raised for the health and wellbeing of self-employed workers. Musicians are the ‘original’ gig workers, and musicians have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs). Studies of musicians’ MSSs have typically focused on classical, employer-employed musicians; leaving self-employed musicians under-investigated. We investigated the prevalence of MSS outcomes in all types of professional musicians, and compared the MSS outcomes between self-employed and employer-employed musicians. We conducted a cross-sectional study of professional musicians. Given the large proportion of musicians who were both self-employed and employer-employed, three groups were compared: self-employed only (self-employed group), employer-employed only (employer-employed group), and both self-employed and employer-employed (both group) musicians. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted. A total of 225 professional musicians were included in the study, 87.9% of whom reported MSSs in the last 12 months. For MSSs that impaired musical activity, the 12-month prevalence was 43.2%. Musicians in the self-employed group reported a significantly higher 7-day prevalence of MSSs compared with those in the employer-employed group. Compared with musicians in the employer-employed group, musicians in the both group reported a higher 12-month prevalence of MSSs that impaired musical activity. A higher proportion of symptomatic musicians in the both group reported seeing a health professional for their MSSs, compared with the employer-employed group. Similarly, symptomatic musicians in the both group reported higher ratings of emotional impact from MSSs, compared with symptomatic musicians in the employer-employed group. The majority of musicians have experienced MSSs. Several significant differences were reported between the three groups of musicians, with musicians in the both group generally reporting poorer MSS outcomes, compared with musicians in the employer-employed group. There are several potential reasons for why musicians who are both self-employed and employer-employed appear to have poorer MSS outcomes, including the stress of balancing multiple demands. Further research is required into the risk factors for MSS outcomes in self-employed musicians, including those who are both self-employed and employer-employed, and interventions should be directed towards self-employed musicians to minimise the MSS burden.
Deep generative model for therapeutic targets using transcriptomic disease-associated data—USP7 case study
Authors: Pereira Tiago , Abbasi Maryam , Oliveira Rita I , Guedes Romina A , Salvador Jorge A R , Arrais Joel P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The generation of candidate hit molecules with the potential to be used in cancer treatment is a challenging task. In this context, computational methods based on deep learning have been employed to improve in silico drug design methodologies. Nonetheless, the applied strategies have focused solely on the chemical aspect of the generation of compounds, disregarding the likely biological consequences for the organism’s dynamics. Herein, we propose a method to implement targeted molecular generation that employs biological information, namely, disease-associated gene expression data, to conduct the process of identifying interesting hits. When applied to the generation of USP7 putative inhibitors, the framework managed to generate promising compounds, with more than 90% of them containing drug-like properties and essential active groups for the interaction with the target. Hence, this work provides a novel and reliable method for generating new promising compounds focused on the biological context of the disease.
Associations of genetic susceptibility and healthy lifestyle with incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in individuals with hypertension
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Brage Soren , Sharp Stephen J , Luo Shan , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Kim Youngwon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study explored the associations of genetic susceptibility and adherence to a healthy lifestyle with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in individuals with hypertension.

Methods and results
This study included 258 531 European descendants with hypertension at baseline from UK Biobank. Genetic risk of CHD and stroke was estimated using polygenic risk scores derived from 300 and 87 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Lifestyle scores were calculated based on 4 lifestyle components (no obesity, no current smoking, regular physical activity and healthy diet). Cox regression with age as the underlying timescale was fit for incident CHD (n = 7470) and stroke (n = 5015), separately. A favourable lifestyle (3–4 lifestyle components) was associated with 37% and 30% lower hazards of CHD (95% confidence intervals, 32–42%) and stroke (23–37%), compared with an unfavourable lifestyle (0–1 lifestyle component), at all levels of genetic risk. Evidence of interaction between genetic susceptibility and lifestyle adherence was found for stroke (P = 0.036): no evidence of interaction for CHD (P = 0.524). A favourable lifestyle at high genetic risk had lower 12-year absolute risk of CHD and stroke, compared with an unfavourable lifestyle at low-to-intermediate genetic (exception: an unfavourable lifestyle at low CHD genetic risk).

Conclusion
Adhering to a healthy lifestyle is associated with lower CHD and stroke risk regardless of genetic risk among individuals with hypertension. Risk of CHD and stroke for those at high genetic risk but adhering to a healthy lifestyle was generally lower than for those at low-to-intermediate genetic risk but adhering to an unhealthy lifestyle.
Termite-engineered microbial communities of termite nest structures: a new dimension to the extended phenotype
Authors: Li Hongjie , Greening Chris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTermites are a prototypical example of the ‘extended phenotype’ given their ability to shape their environments by constructing complex nesting structures and cultivating fungus gardens. Such engineered structures provide termites with stable, protected habitats, and nutritious food sources, respectively. Recent studies have suggested that these termite-engineered structures harbour Actinobacteria-dominated microbial communities. In this review, we describe the composition, activities, and consequences of microbial communities associated with termite mounds, other nests, and fungus gardens. Culture-dependent and culture-independent studies indicate that these structures each harbour specialized microbial communities distinct from those in termite guts and surrounding soils. Termites select microbial communities in these structures through various means: opportunistic recruitment from surrounding soils; controlling physicochemical properties of nesting structures; excreting hydrogen, methane, and other gases as bacterial energy sources; and pretreating lignocellulose to facilitate fungal cultivation in gardens. These engineered communities potentially benefit termites by producing antimicrobial compounds, facilitating lignocellulose digestion, and enhancing energetic efficiency of the termite ‘metaorganism’. Moreover, mound-associated communities have been shown to be globally significant in controlling emissions of methane and enhancing agricultural fertility. Altogether, these considerations suggest that the microbiomes selected by some animals extend much beyond their bodies, providing a new dimension to the ‘extended phenotype’.
An oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding-fold protein enhances the alternative splicing event producing thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Yamada Masato , Suzuki Kanako , Tanabe Noriaki , Suzuki Takamasa , Nishizawa-Yokoi Ayako , Shigeoka Shigeru , Yoshimura Kazuya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The stromal and thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase isoforms are produced by the alternative splicing event of the 3′-terminal region of the APXII gene in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), but not in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, all alternative splicing variants were detected in APXII gene-transformed Arabidopsis, indicating the occurrence of its regulatory mechanisms in Arabidopsis. The efficiency of this alternative splicing event in producing thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase mRNA is regulated by a splicing regulatory cis element, but trans splicing regulatory factor(s) for alternative splicing remain unclear. To identify this factor, we conducted a forward genetic screen using Arabidopsis in combination with a luciferase reporter system to evaluate the alternative splicing efficiency of thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase mRNA production. We isolated 9 mutant lines that showed low efficiency of the AS in producing thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase mRNA compared with that in the control plants. From one mutant [APXII alternative splicing inhibition (apsi1)], the causal gene responsible for the phenotype, AT5G38890 (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding-fold protein, APSI1), was identified. The levels of thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase mRNA from the transformed APXII gene decreased and increased in APSI1 knockout and APSI1-overexpressing plants, respectively. APSI1 was localized to the nucleus and specifically bound to the splicing regulatory cis element sequence. Tobacco plants that disrupted the closest homologs of APSI1 showed low levels of endogenous thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase mRNA. These results indicate that APSI1 is an enhancing component of the alternative splicing event of APXII.
Citri Reticulatae Semen Extract Promotes Healthy Aging and Neuroprotection via Autophagy Induction in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Long Tao , Tang Yong , He Yan-Ni , He Chang-Long , Chen Xue , Guo Min-Song , Wu Jian-Ming , Yu Lu , Yu Chong-Lin , Yuen-Kwan Law Betty , Qin Da-Lian , Wu An-Guo , Zhou Xiao-Gang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nutrition intervention has emerged as a potential strategy to delay aging and promote healthy longevity. Citri Reticulatae Semen (CRS) has diverse beneficial effects and has been used for thousands of years to treat pain. However, the health benefits of CRS in prolonging health span and improving aging-related diseases and the exact mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism to study the antiaging and health span promoting activities of 75% ethanol extract of CRS (CRSE). The results showed that treatment with CRSE at 1 000 μg/mL significantly extended the life span of worms by 18.93% without detriment to health span and fitness, as evidenced by the delayed aging-related phenotypes and increased body length and width, and reproductive output. In addition, CRSE treatment enhanced the ability of resistance to heat, oxidative, and pathogenic bacterial stress. Consistently, heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzyme-related and pathogenesis-related genes were up-regulated by CRSE treatment. Furthermore, CRSE supplementation also improved α-synuclein, 6-OHDA, and polyQ40-induced pathologies in transgenic C. elegans models of Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. The mechanistic study demonstrated that CRSE induced autophagy in worms, while the RNAi knockdown of 4 key autophagy-related genes, including lgg-1, bec-1, vps-34, and unc-51, remarkably abrogated the beneficial effects of CRSE on the extending of life span and health span and neuroprotection, demonstrating that CRSE exerts beneficial effects via autophagy induction in worms. Together, our current findings provide new insights into the practical application of CRS for the prevention of aging and aging-related diseases.
Galectin-3 facilitates cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission by altering the composition of membrane lipid rafts in CD4 T cells
Authors: Wang Sheng-Fan , Hung Yu-Hsien , Tsao Ching-Han , Chiang Cho-Ying , Teoh Pak-Guan , Chiang Meng-Lin , Lin Wei-Han , Hsu Daniel K , Jan Hau-Ming , Lin Hsiu-Chu , Lin Chun-Hung , Liu Fu-Tong , Chen Huan-Yuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGalectin-3 (GAL3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in CD4 T cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). GAL3 promotes HIV-1 budding by associating with ALIX and Gag p6. GAL3 has been shown to localize in membrane lipid rafts in dendritic cells and positively regulate cell migration. HIV-1 spreads between T cells by forming supramolecular structures (virological synapses [VSs]), whose integrity depends on lipid rafts. Here, we addressed the potential role of GAL3 in cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 in CD4 T cells. GAL3 expressed in donor cells was more important for facilitating HIV-1 cell-to-cell transfer than GAL3 expressed in target cells. GAL3 was found to be co-transferred with Gag from HIV-1-positive donor to HIV-1-negative target T cells. HIV-1 infection induced translocation of GAL3 together with Gag to the cell–cell interfaces and colocalize with GM1, where GAL3 facilitated VS formation. GAL3 regulated the coordinated transfer of Gag and flotillin-1 into plasma membrane fractions. Finally, depletion of GAL3 reduced the cholesterol levels in membrane lipid rafts in CD4 T cells. These findings provide evidence that endogenous GAL3 stimulates lipid raft components and facilitates intercellular HIV-1 transfer among CD4 T cells, offering another pathway by which GAL3 regulates HIV-1 infection. These findings may inform the treatment of HIV-1 infection based on targeting GAL3 to modulate lipid rafts.
Online information and support seeking during COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan: implications for health promotion
Authors: Zhao Xiaoman , Basnyat Iccha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The lockdown that was deployed in Wuhan, China to combat the COVID-19 pandemic curbed the infection but also created great information challenges for people in social isolation. This resulted in surge in online health information seeking (OHIS) behaviors of the patients and their families. While the Internet has been widely used by Chinese public to access and search health information, there is relatively little research in the context of pandemic outbreaks, especially at the onset of a strong lockdown while many people were panicking. From a total of 10 908 ‘#COVID-19 Patient Seeking Help’ posts on Weibo in a period of 20 days when the lockdown policy was first initiated, we identified 1496 unique patients living in or with family in Wuhan, China. Using textual analysis, we explored OHIS behaviors at the onset of the pandemic. Many faced increased difficulties accessing offline healthcare services and such turned to social media for help and information. In particular, the findings highlight the following themes: ‘OHIS for medical treatment’, ‘OHIS to manage self-quarantine’, ‘OHIS for tangible support’ and ‘OHIS to navigate information discrepancy’. Overall, our findings provide important insights into health information seeking behaviors and the role of social media during a pandemic. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering people’s information need and challenges created due to the lockdown policies in the future pandemic communication and preparedness.
A Creative Concept to empower office workers addressing work-related health risks
Authors: Borsos Ágnes , Zoltán Erzsébet Szeréna , Cakó Balázs , Medvegy Gabriella , Girán János 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Among office workers, the sedentary work-related health challenges are mainly associated with the fact that they often sit for up to 10 hr a working day. Members of the Research Group conducted a research program to assist the office workers of an international telecommunication company’s affiliate in Budapest to enhance comfort levels in the office work environment. The data collection included a Comfort Survey to reveal employees’ sense of comfort related to Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) components and the characteristics of employees’ feelings and behavior during working hours. Moreover, a measurement of IEQ components was carried out and focused on air quality, lighting, sound exposure and thermal comfort parameters. Based on the survey’s results, a Creative Concept was developed to empower office workers to address work-related health risks, notably sedentary work risks. The Creative Concept consists of five elements: a Comfort Map as an IEQ-related application to select a suitable workplace, redesigning concepts to increase the use of lounges, a newly developed work pad to improve personal hygiene in an office environment, recommendations for creating a health-enabling work environment and a workplace training program to raise health awareness. After validation, our Creative Concept can function as a multi-component workplace health promotion method to offer assistance for a wide variety of offices to create a health-enabling working environment.
HPV vaccine recommendation practices of current and future physicians in North Carolina: an exploratory study
Authors: Richman Alice R , Torres Essie , Wu Qiang , Eldridge David , Lawson Luan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention practices and HPV literacy of pediatricians, family physicians and medical students in North Carolina. An online survey was distributed to physicians in 2018, and paper surveys were collected among medical students in 2019. Surveys measured HPV literacy, HPV prevention practices and HPV prevention self-efficacy. In terms of comfort, 27% of medical students and 24% of physicians anticipated having an uncomfortable conversion when recommending the vaccine to patients. Most physicians (76%, n = 230) followed the HPV vaccine age recommendation guidelines; however, those with higher HPV vaccine knowledge were more compliant with the guidelines (P &lt; 0.01). Female physicians were more likely to start routinely recommending the HPV vaccine to women (84%, n = 134 versus 72%, n = 92) and men (81%, n = 127 versus 71%, n = 84) between the ages of 9 and 12 years (P &lt; 0.05). Only 27%, n = 73 of physicians and 18%, n = 19 of medical students followed/knew the ‘provider-driven’ HPV-recommended style. Female physicians were more likely to use this communication style (32%, n = 48 versus 20%, n = 23, P = 0.03). HPV prevention curriculum should be incorporated into medical programs. The gender-related practice patterns found indicate a need for training of male providers specifically. Quality improvement efforts are needed for all physicians to strengthen vaccine communication, recommendation practices and guideline adherence.
State rhetoric, nationalism and public opinion in China
Authors: Neo Ric , Xiang Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Chinese government is fond of invoking the ‘hurt feelings of 1.4 billion Chinese citizens’ to protest foreign actions and policies. However, this rhetoric might be nothing more than propaganda and attempts to leverage nationalist sentiment. How much do citizens in China actually care about issues completely unrelated to their daily livelihoods? To answer this, the study employs a representative survey to investigate the extent to which rhetoric about ‘hurt feelings’ is consistent with public opinion on four contemporary socio-political disputes involving the NBA, Marriott International, Mercedes-Benz and the city of Prague. Across the scenarios, we found that the Chinese government did not exaggerate the displeasure of audiences—citizens are aware of the cases, were indeed upset by them and advocated for retaliatory measures that were surprisingly more forceful than those adopted in reality. These emotions were largely driven by nationalistic sentiment rather than personal experiences or encounters, suggesting the success of state propaganda in steering the public opinion toward outcomes favourable to the state. These findings support recent studies highlighting the peculiar case of rising nationalism in China, and have important implications for the impact of public opinion on Chinese policymaking.
Rethinking global nuclear politics, rethinking feminism
Authors: Choi Shine , Eschle Catherine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article serves as an introduction to the International Affairs special section, ‘Feminist interrogations of global nuclear politics’. In this article, we argue that feminist International Relations scholarship on the global nuclear order and its discontents should be revitalized, in ways that reckon more fully with the colonial matrix of power and its contemporary realignments. As the initial step in such a task, the first part of the article explores some of the distinctive insights that are generated about global nuclear politics by a feminist approach that takes coloniality seriously. We show that such an approach reconceptualizes nuclear destruction as a lived reality for many, within a broader history of domination; exposes the racialized, gendered and colonial dimensions of nuclear discourses; and casts fresh light on the material colonial relationships at the heart of the global nuclear order. In the second part, we reverse our focus to critically think through how the content of feminism, and its relation to coloniality and struggles for self-determination, might be understood differently if we start from a concern with global nuclear politics. The third and final part surveys the articles in the special section, highlighting where they pick up on the themes we have explored and some future lines of enquiry.
Effects of Spring Warming on Seasonal Neuroendocrinology and Activation of the Reproductive Axis in Hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrels
Authors: Chmura Helen E , Duncan Cassandra , Saer Ben , Moore Jeanette T , Barnes Brian M , Buck C Loren , Loudon Andrew S I , Williams Cory T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many animals adjust the timing of seasonal events, such as reproduction, molt, migration, and hibernation, in response to interannual variation and directional climate-driven changes in temperature. However, the mechanisms by which temperature influences seasonal timing are relatively under-explored. Seasonal timing involves retrograde signaling in which thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis (PT) alters expression of thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases (Dio2/Dio3) in tanycyte cells lining the third ventricle of the hypothalamus. This, in turn, affects the availability of triiodothyronine (T3) within the mediobasal hypothalamus—increased hypothalamic T3 restores a summer phenotype and activates the reproductive axis in long-day breeders. Recently, we showed that retrograde TH signaling is activated during late hibernation in arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) held in constant darkness and constant ambient temperature. Sensitivity of seasonal pathways to nonphotic cues, such as temperature, is likely particularly important to hibernating species that are sequestered in hibernacula during spring. To address this issue, we exposed captive arctic ground squirrels of both sexes to an ecologically relevant increase in ambient temperature (from −6 to −1°C) late in hibernation and examined the effects of warming on the seasonal retrograde TSH/Dio/T3 signaling pathway, as well as downstream elements of the reproductive axis. We found that warmed males tended to have higher PT TSHβ expression and significantly heavier testis mass whereas the TSH/Dio/T3 signaling pathway was unaffected by warming in females, although warmed females exhibited a slight decrease in ovarian mass. Our findings suggest that temperature could have different effects on gonadal growth in male and female arctic ground squirrels, which could lead to mismatched timing in response to rapid climate change.