bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Asymptomatic Malaria among Pregnant Women at Boset District in East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Balcha Fufa , Menna Takele , Lombabo Fantu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium infecting red blood cells. Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant public health problem that puts pregnant women at risk. Due to the asymptomatic nature of malaria patients, diagnosis has been difficult, definitions have been inconsistent, and there has been a general lack of urgency to explore this illness outcome. Because asymptomatic malaria represents a challenge in interrupting transmission in a population and the asymptomatic host serves as a reservoir for the malaria parasite, it is now recognized as a major barrier to malaria elimination. This study aims to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and associated factors among pregnant women in the Boset District, East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of asymptomatic malaria in pregnant women from February to March 2022. Using multistage sample techniques, 328 asymptomatic pregnant women were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A rapid test and Giemsa-stained blood smear microscopy were used to diagnose Plasmodium infections. Epi info version 7 was used to code, enter, and clean data before being uploaded to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were utilized to find the associated factors.
Results: Of the total 328 pregnant women who participated in this study, 9(2.74%) and 10(3.05%) were confirmed to be infected with Plasmodium species by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Malaria during pregnancy was found to be significantly associated with not using an insecticide-treated bed net [AOR: 9.66; 95 % CI: (2.03-45.98), lack of consultation and health education about malaria prevention during Antenatal care attendance [AOR: 4.19; 95 % CI: (1.07, 16.44), and living close stagnant water [AOR: 7.58; 95% CI: (1.06, 18.66).
Conclusions: The current study showed asymptomatic malaria is prevalent in pregnant women. Insecticide-treated bed nets, Health education during Antenatal care, and living close to stagnant water had a significant association with malaria. This indicates pregnant women have to be screened for asymptomatic malaria and educated on malaria preventive methods during Antenatal care services.
Knowledge Field and Emerging Hotspots in Tongue Cancer Research: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis
Authors: Mo Xiaoqiang , Ou Mingyu , Li Qing , Mo Huajun , Li Jun , Wang Shan , Yao Jinguang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study is to provide a clear and intuitive overview of the current knowledge structure and potential future research trends in the TSCC field through bibliometric and visual analysis of publications.Methods:Bibliographic data for publications in the TSCC field from 2001 to 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. Data were visualized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R package bibliometrix, SCImago Graphica Beta, and Pajek software.Results:A total of 9734 publications related to TSCC were identified. The United States is the leader in the TSCC field, with the highest productivity, citations, centrality, and sigma values. The most productive institution is Sun Yat-sen University in China. ORAL NCOLOGY and SALO T are the most influential and productive journals and authors respectively. Keyword analysis found that research on TSCC sub-fields Neck dissection, Human papillomavirus, Diagnosis is decreasing, while Apoptosis, Quality of life and other fields are still hot. Depth of invasion, Bio-mark and Resistance are emerging keywords in recent years. The co-citation analysis of the literature found that the research focus in the field of TSCC has gradually changed from E-cadherin, Metastases, Epidemiological, Sentinel lymph node and other fields to Depth of invasion, Transoral robotic surgery, Lymphatic, Young patient, and Tumor budding.Conclusions:At present, this field focuses more on clinical research and less on basic research. Depth of invasion, Bio-mark, Transoral robotic surgery, young patient, and Tumor budding are emerging sub-fields of TSCC and potential future research trends.
Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of Cystathionine-gamma-lyase as a potential biomarker for prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ma Yanan , Wang Shanshan , Ding Huiguo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high mortality worldwide. Although cystathionine-gamma-lyase(CSE) plays an important role in the development of multiple tumors, the clinical implication and potential mechanisms of CSE in HCC development remain elusive.
Methods The CSE expression in HCC was analyzed in GEO and TCGA datasets and verified in 45 HCC patients samples by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays. Furthermore, the associations between CSE expression and HCC malignancy as well as survival were analyzed in GSE14520 and validated in HCC patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival(OS) and recurrence-free survival(RFS) in GSE14520. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to assess the biological functions of CSE in HCC cells, including cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Results Lower transcriptional and proteomic CSE expressions were found in HCC tissues in contrast to adjacent normal tissues. Decreased CSE mRNA expression was significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological features and poor survival in HCC patients from public database and our cohort. Following univariate and multivariate analyses of GSE14520 data showed that CSE expression was an independent prognostic indicator for the OS and RFS of HCC patients. Notably, inhibition of CSE with PPG, facilitated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in HCC cells via H2S.
Conclusion In summary, the present study identified the relationship between CSE expression and HCC malignancy as well as OS and RFS, suggestting that CSE might be a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on patients with acute type A aortic dissection underwent aortic arch replacement: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Xiaojin , Chen Kai , Wang Ruixuan , Wang Yaping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Coagulopathy and massive bleeding are common complications of patients with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection repair, and patients with these complications require many transfusions. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used to reduce the need for blood products. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PRP on blood conservation and the postoperative conditions of patients who underwent aortic arch replacement.
Methods
Patients with aortic dissection undergoing aortic arch replacement were included initially application In all, 837 patients were divided into the PRP and non-PRP groups according to PRP use, whereupon a propensity score match was performed. The data analyzed included patient basic information, intraoperative information, postoperative biochemical examinations, and CTA reports.
Results
In total, 610 patients were finally included (305 patients per group). Groups were well balanced after matching. Compared to the non-PRP group, less cryoprecipitate was transfused in the PRP group (10.0 [7.5, 11.0] vs. 10.0 [10.0, 11.5], P = 0.021), while no differences were found in packed RBC, FFP, and platelets between the two groups. Also, the surgery variables showed no differences. After surgery, patients in the PRP group showed higher postoperative serum albumin (36.43 ± 4.20 vs. 35.39 ± 4.40 g/L, P = 0.004) and total protein levels (59.38 ± 6.25 vs. 58.06 ± 7.19 g/L, P = 0.019) than the non-PRP group, but no significant differences in the levels of ALT, AST, Scr, and BUN. CTA reports showed that the proportion of patients with pleural effusion was lower in the PRP group (76.66% vs. 83.99%, OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04–2.45, P = 0.028), while the proportions of pericardial effusion were not significantly different.
Conclusions
PRP application in aortic arch replacement surgery reduced the transfusion of cryoprecipitate, increased the postoperative serum albumin and total protein levels, and reduced the incidence of pleural effusion. No effect of PRP application was found on other postoperative blood indicators and CTA reports.
High Prevalence of Abnormal Hemoglobin A1c in the Adolescent and Young Adult Fontan Population
Authors: Woo Jennifer P. , Romfh Anitra , Levin Genevieve , Norris Jana , Han Jamie , Grover Monica , Chen Sharon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Little is known about diabetes risk in adolescents and young adults with Fontan circulation. We sought to understand the prevalence of abnormal hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c) in the adolescent and young adult population with Fontan palliation. Between 2015 and 2021, 78 Fontan patients >10 years of age were seen in our single ventricle clinic; 66 underwent screening with HgA1c. 50% of the study cohort (n=33) had HgbA1c >5.7%; 2% (n=1) had HgbA1c >6.5%. There was no correlation between BMI and HgbA1c, with no difference in the prevalence of overweight or obesity (BMI >85th percentile) between those with and without abnormal HbgA1c (31% versus 27%, p=0.69). While 20% of the cohort had a family history of diabetes, there was no difference in family history between those with and without abnormal HgbA1c (21% versus 19%, p=0.85). There were no differences in other risk factors and characteristics (race, GFR, liver function, lipid panel, hematocrit, and years from Fontan surgery) between those with and without normal HgbA1c. Our results highlight the importance of recognizing that abnormal HbA1c is highly prevalent in the Fontan population. Whether abnormal HgA1c in this population correlates with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood is not known. Prior studies have suggested an association among metabolic syndrome, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and reduced muscle mass with impaired glucose tolerance in the adult Fontan population. The mechanism for an abnormal HgA1c in the adolescent and young adult Fontan population remains unclear and further studies are needed.
Machine Learning to Improve Resident Scheduling: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Resident Wellness
Authors: Abbas Aazad , Toor Jay , Du Jin Tong , Versteeg Anne , Yee Nicholas J , Finkelstein Joel A. , Abouali Jihad , Nousiainen Markku T. , Kreder Hans J , Hall Jeremy , Whyne Cari , Larouche Jeremie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Excessive resident duty hours (RDH) is a recognized issue with implications for physician well-being and patient safety. A significant component of the RDH concern is on-call duty. While other industries have adopted machine learning models (MLMs) to optimize scheduling and employee well-being, medicine has lagged. This study aimed to investigate the use of MLMs to predict demand on orthopaedic residents to optimize scheduling.

Methods

Daily surgical handover emails over an eight-year (2012–2019) period at a level I trauma centre were used to model demand on residents. Various MLMs were trained to predict the workload, with their results compared to the current approach. Quality of models was determined by using the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and accuracy. The top ten most important variables were extracted from the most successful model.

Results

The reduction in orthopaedic resident shifts possible per annum was 24.7%. The most successful model during testing was the neural network (AUC: 0.81, accuracy: 73.7%). All models were better than the current approach (AUC: 0.50, accuracy: 50.1%). Key variables used by the neural network model were (descending order): spine call duty (y/n), year, weekday/weekend, month, and day of the week.

Conclusion

This was the first study using MLMs to predict demand for orthopaedic residents at a major academic institution. All MLMs were more successful than the current scheduling approach. Future work should look to incorporate predictive models with optimization strategies, matching scheduling with demand to improve resident well-being and patient care.
Level of evidence: Level III.
A Comperative study on the efficacy of ksharsutra, fistulectomy and Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) procedure in the management of fistula in ano.
Authors: Hariprasad Chinniahnapalya Pandurangaiah , Kumar Anil , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Manoj , Paswan Shiv shankar , Rohit Gupta , Kishor Shiv , Kumar Prem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Fistula in ano is always a troublesome condition for both the clinician and the patients owing to its complexity, recurrences, and high morbidity since ancient time. There is no gold standard treatment modality till date documented in the literature for complex fistula in ano.
Material and methods
We enrolled 60 consecutive adult patients attending surgical out patient department of tertiary care centre in India, diagnosed with complex fistula in ano. Among them, 20 each in Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract, fistulectomy and Ksharsutra group were respectively recruited. The main outcomes were post-operative recurrence and morbidity measured in terms of postoperative pain, postoperative bleeding and pus discharge and post operative incontinence.
Results
The result of the study were analysed after 6 months of follow-up, 2 patients (10%) had a recurrence in Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract procedure group and 3 patients (15%) in the fistulectomy group and 6 patients (30%) in Ksharsutra group, however, the differences in the recurrence were not statistically significant, the mean Visual analogue score for pain after 24 hours as well as after 48 hours were statistically significant in Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract versus Ksharsutra group (p < 0.05). The Visual analogue score was also significant in the Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract versus Fistulectomy group (p < 0.05). The patients treated via Fistulectomy and Ksharsutra had a higher proportion of bleeding (15%) as compared to the Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract procedure. Post operative morbidity was statistically significant between Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract versus Ksharsutra and Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract versus Fistulectomy.
Conclusion
Ligation of Intersphincteric fistula tract had less postoperative morbidity compared to Fistulectomy and Ksharsutra procedure, although recurrence was less compared to other procedures it was statistically not significant.
Analysis of Echocardiographic Findings of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Sheikh , Waberi Mohamud Mire , Ahmed Said Abdirahman , Sidow Nor Osman , Akyuz Hakkan , Abdi Ishak Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims

Etiological investigation of potential cardiac source of acute ischemic stroke is important for secondary prevention of recurrent and future embolisation. Transthoracic echocardiography is one of the most useful investigations for the assessment of the potential cardiac etiology of ischemic stroke. Our aim is to evaluate echocardiographic findings in patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted in Mogadishu, Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital.

Methods

The study was retrospective observational study conducted in the neurology department of teaching hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study focused on the assessment of echocardiographic findings of patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the neurology ward. The data was retrieved from the electronic records of patients admitted to the neurology department due to acute ischemic stroke. All patients with acute ischemic stroke who had undergone transthoracic echocardiography from March 2019 to March 2022 were enrolled.

Findings

The mean age of patients was 62 ± 12. The majority of the patients in the study were 60 years of age or older 210(66.7%). The male subjects in the study population accounted for 178(56.5%), while females accounted for 137(43.5%). Co-morbidities were present in about 251(80%) of the subjects, hypertension was the most common comorbidity 99(31.4%), followed by diabetes 72(23%), and hyperlipidemia 37(11.7%). Over all cardiac pathology in this study was 54%. 47(15%) of the patients had low ejection fraction on transthoracic echocardiography. Male patients had slightly less left ventricular systolic dysfunction than did female patients. 100(32%) had LVDD while 113(36%) had LVH. Left ventricular hypertrophy was more frequent in hypertensive patients (46% of hypertensive patients). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was more common among diabetic patients (60% of diabetic patients). Patient with hypertension and diabetes had more echo abnormalities compared to others (P-value of 0.047 and 0.024 respectively). More echo abnormal findings were seen in patients who died during hospitalization than those who survived. (P = 0.008). Severe LV dysfunction was associated higher mortality (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Most patients with stroke in this study had abnormal echocardiogram, however few have cardioembolic strokes. Abnormalities in echocardiography were more common in in patients who died during hospitalization than those who survived.
Decoding Delhi's water governance through multi-level governance approach
Authors: Kumari Savitri , Biswas Rabidyuti 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores the intertwined, multi-level, and varied scale of public institutions, local level organizations, and various actors involved in rendering water supply services to the residents of Delhi. To ensure water security in the national capital, the study of actors and institutions involved in the water governance of Delhi is pertinent. Delhi, being the capital of the country, has overlapping administration between both the central and state government. Various ministries and departments which vary in hierarchy and power are working for the day-to-day functioning of the megacity. This phenomenon also applies to the water governance of Delhi, making it byzantine and complex in nature. In this context, a multi-level governance approach has been used for exploring the water governance of Delhi. Identification of various actors, stakeholders, and institutions involved in Delhi's water governance is a prerequisite to ensure effective, equitable, and participatory water management for the city.
Hybrid wavelet-gene expression programming and wavelet-support vector machine models for rainfall-runoff modeling
Authors: Lakshmi Potharlanka Jhansi , Apaza Rubén Apaza , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Marhoon Haydar Abdulameer , Alameri Ameer A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is critical to use research methods to collect and regulate surface water to provide water while avoiding damage. Following accurate runoff prediction, principled planning for optimal runoff is implemented. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of machine learning approaches to model rainfall-runoff. In this study, the accuracy of rainfall-runoff modeling approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), gene expression programming (GEP), wavelet-SVM (WSVM), and wavelet-GEP (WGEP) is evaluated. Python is used to run the simulation. The research area is the Yellow River Basin in central China, and in the west of the region, the Tang-Nai-Hai hydrometric station has been selected. The train state data ranges from 1950 to 2000, while the test state data ranges from 2000 to 2020. The analysis looks at two different types of rainy and non-rainy days. The WGEP simulation performed best, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.98, while the WSVM, GEP, and SVM simulations performed poorly, with NSEs of 0.94, 0.89, and 0.77, respectively. As a result, combining hybrid methods with wavelet improved simulation accuracy, which is now the highest for the WGEP method.
Increasing Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Hospital and Community acquired Infections in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Elhassan Mogahid M. , Hamdan Elsadig M. , Hassan Asmaa A , Amin Safa A. , Ahmed Hiba A. , Ataelmanan Amany E. , Elmakki Miskelyemen A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium that can cause many diseases. Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) is often sub-categorized as Hospital or Community acquired infection. MRSA causes serious problems, such as bloodstream and surgical site infections or pneumonia.

Objectives:
The present study aimed to identify S. aureus by 16SrRNA using PCR, estimate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and determine the prevalence of MRSA among Hospital and community acquired infections.

Methods:
A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was conducted during the period from November 2020 to January 2021. Conventional methods were used to identify S. aureus and isolate confirmation was performed by PCR targeting 16SrRNA gene. All isolated organisms were tested for their in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility.

Result:
Among the enrolled patients (n, 300), MRSA was observed in 185 (61.7%). The highest frequency was shown in the age group over 45 years old (46.7%). The result also showed a high frequency of S. aureus among community infections (81.7%), MRSA in hospital acquired infections was 10.7% while 51% was community acquired. The antimicrobial susceptibilities against MRSA isolates showed high sensitivity to Ceftriaxone 90.0%). Most infections caused by MRSA isolates were respiratory tract infection (RTI) (28.3%) and Septicemia (22.5%).

Conclusion:
The present study highlighted a high proportion of MRSA in clinical settings at Khartoum State. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that Ceftriaxone was the drug of choice against MRSA isolates. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics, along with self-medication, seem to be the cause of antibiotic resistance, thus should be avoided.
Stability Charts for Limiting Horizontal Normal Pressure on Cohesive-frictional Backfill for Deep Contiguous Piled Walls
Authors: Keawsawasvong Suraparb , Kumar Jyant , Banyong Rungkhun , Sangjinda Kongtawan 
Published: December 2022

Background:This study presents a numerical solution for determining the limiting uniform normal pressure acting horizontally behind cohesive-frictional backfill material in a deep contiguous piled wall. At this limiting pressure, the soil tends to flow out in gaps between a series of vertical piles placed at a certain uniform horizontal spacing.Methods:The lower and upper bound plane strain finite element limit analysis (FELA) has been carried out for this purpose. The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, using an associated flow rule, was employed to impose the yield condition in the soil mass.Results:A parametric study was carried out to obtain the magnitude of the non-dimensional limiting lateral resistance (F/cD) as a function of normalized pile spacing (S/D), the friction angle of soils (ϕ), and the adhesion factor (δ) at the soil-pile interface; here,Frefers to the lateral normal resistance (force) per unit length offered by the pile,Sforms the clear spacing between piles,Dis the diameter of the pile andcis soil cohesion. The impact of the different parameters on the failure mechanisms has been examined comprehensively.Conclusion:The lateral resistance (F/cD) offered by the piles increases generally with a decrease in the spacing between the piles. The magnitude ofF/cDincreases further with an increase in the values ofϕandδ.