bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omnidirectional printing of elastic conductors for 3D-structured stretchable electronics
Authors: Lee Byeongmoon , Cho Hyunjoo , Ko Youngpyo , Kim Heesuk , Jeong Jaewook , Chung Seungjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Printing solid-state elastic conductors into self-supporting three-dimensional (3D) geometries promises the design diversity of soft electronics, enabling complex, multifunctional, and tailored human–machine interfaces. However, the difficulties in manipulating their rheological characteristics have only allowed for layerwise deposition. Here, we report omnidirectional printing of elastic conductors enabled by emulsifying elastomer composites with immiscible, nonvolatile solvents. The strategy simultaneously achieves superior viscoelastic properties that provide the structural integrity of printed features, and pseudoplastic and lubrication behaviours that allow great printing stability. Freestanding, filamentary, and out-of-plane 3D geometries of intrinsically stretchable conductors are directly written, achieving a minimum feature size <100 μm and excellent stretchability >150%. Particularly, the evaporation of the continuous phase in the emulsion results in microstructured, surface-localized conductive networks, significantly improving their electrical conductivity. To illustrate the feasibility of our approach, we demonstrate skin-mountable electronics that visualize temperature on a matrix-type stretchable display based on omnidirectionally printed elastic interconnects.
5G-Enabled Automated Truck Platoons in Urban Areas
Authors: Hadjidimitriou Natalia Selini , Willenbrock Ralf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transport and logistic sector is expected to obtain large benefits thanks to the implementation of 5G. This work proposes a framework based on 5G technology for Automated Truck Platoons (ATP) in urban areas to reduce energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. More specifically, 5G features such as low latency communication (uRLLC), massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) are deployed with the Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) to achieve the optimal speed of Automated Truck Platoons. The results of a preliminary test implemented in the Port of Hamburg show that 5G GLOSA ATP is promising in terms of energy consumption and GHG emissions reduction and increased truck platoon stability.
Visual Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of AcrySof™ IQ Vivity™ Extended Vision Intraocular Lens
Authors: Katsimpris Andreas , Chronopoulou Konstantina , Maggio Alessandro Di , Alexaki Maria , Kymionis George 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTo assess the visual and refractive outcomes of the non-diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) AcrySof ® IQ Vivity™ (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) intraocular lens (IOL) after bilateral implantation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery. MethodsIn this prospective non-comparative study, 20 patients willing to undergo bilateral implantation of AcrySof ® IQ Vivity™ IOL were recruited at a single center (Eye Day Clinic, Athens, Greece). Pre- and post-operative clinical assessment of the patients included slit lamp examination, assessment of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 6 m, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 6 m, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 66 cm, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at 33 cm and optical biometry. Moreover, the presence of visual disturbances and the contrast sensitivity (CS) thresholds of all patients were assessed.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) of monocular UDVA, UIVA and UNVA were 0.05 ± 0.08, 0.07 ± 0.09 and 0.23 ± 0.09 LogMAR, respectively. More specifically, 97.5%, 70% and 15% of eyes achieved UDVA, UIVA and UNVA of 20/25 or higher, while 6 patients in total reported mild glare, blurred vision, fluctuation in vision and/or depth perception difficulty. The mean ± SD of LogCS threshold was 1.68 ± 0.26.ConclusionsBilateral implantation of AcrySof ® IQ Vivity™ IOL could be a solution to patients seeking independence from optical aids. Further comparative studies are warranted to confirm our results.
Interrelationship Between Trade and Environment: A Bibliometric Analysis of Published Articles from the Last Two Decade
Authors: Padhan Lakshmana , Bhat Savita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extant literature indicates that the concepts of international trade and environment are intertwined. As the one aspect, the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) talks about the effect of trade liberalization on environmental regulation and other aspects, pollution haven effect (PHE) talks about the influence of environmental regulation to trade competitiveness. There is a plethora of theoretical and empirical research studies that explore the relationship between the two concepts. However, to date, no systematic attempts have been made to analyze these publications to understand the current research trends in the trade-environment intersection. Hence, the present study is an attempt to contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between trade and the environment through a bibliometric analysis of 1390 research articles collected from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. By using performance analysis, conceptual structure analysis, intellectual structure analysis, and bibliographic coupling analysis, the study aims to analyze the current research front and research trends in the trade-environment intersection. The study uses Bibliometrix and VOSViewer software to identify the leading countries, journals, authors, universities, and articles in this domain of research. Further, the science mapping analysis is employed to discover the trending topics in the trade-environment intersection research domain. The results of the study will be useful for researchers to get insights into the research development trends and research themes in the field of trade and environment.
Prevalence And Distribution Of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness In The Community Of China: A Population-Based Face-To-Face Survey, 2014-2015
Authors: Liu Jikai , Luo Baozhang , Zhou Yijing , Ma Xiaochen , Liang Junhua , Sang Xianglai , Lv Le , Chen Wen , Fu Pengyu , Liu Hong , Zhen Shiqi , Wang Chao , Wu Yangbo , Huang Qiong , Liang Xiaocheng , Bai Guangda , Lan Zhen , Zhang Shufang , Li Ning , Wu Yongning , Pires Sara M. , Guo Yunchang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The true incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness in China is underrecognized by surveillance systems. The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence and prevalence of self-reported AGI in the community of China, and to investigate sociodemographic and epidemiological determinants of AGI.Methods: We conducted a 12-months cross-sectional population-based survey in eight provinces of China during 2014-2015. The survey determined the prevalence and incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the total permanent resident population in China according to the census of the population in 2010. The random multilevel population sample was stratified by geographic, population, and socioeconomic status. We used a recommended case definition of AGI, with diarrhea（three loose or watery stools）and/or any vomiting in a four-week recall. A face-to-face survey was conducted by selecting the member in the household with the most recent birthday. Results: Among 56,704 sampled individuals, 948 (1,134 person-time) fulfilled the case definition; 98.5% reported diarrhea. This corresponds to 2.3% (95% CI:1.9%-2.8%) of an overall standardized four-week prevalence and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.23-0.34) episodes per person-year of annual adjusted incidence rate. There was no significant difference between males and females. The incidence rates were higher mong urban residents, and in the spring and summer. In the whole study period, 50% of the cases sought medical care, of which 3.9% were hospitalized and 14.3% provided a biological sample for laboratory identification of the causative agent. Children aged 0–4 and young adults aged 15–24, people living in rural areas and people who traveled frequently had higher prevalence of AGI. Conclusion: Results showed that AGI represents a substantial burden in China, and will contribute to the estimation of the global burden of AGI. Complemented with data on the etiologies of AGI, these estimates will form the basis to estimate the burden of foodborne diseases in China.
A cone-like flower from the Lower Cretaceous of China
Authors: Wang Xin , Diez José , Pole Mike , García-Ávila Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Angiosperms are by far the most important plant group for human beings, and numerous fossils of early angiosperms have been documented worldwide 1-14. However, the origin of angiosperms remains a focus of debate 15-19, partially due to lack of anatomically preserved fossils of related plant reproductive organs. Here we report a fossil female flower, Xilinia shengliensis gen. et sp. nov, that demonstrates angio-ovuly — the feature characteristic of angiosperms as well as cone-like morphology that is unusual in angiosperms. Its chimeric character assemblage makes Xilinia unique and informative for flower origin and evolution.
The Sentiment of a Virtual Rock Concert
Authors: Slater Mel , Cabriera Carlos , Senel Gizem , Banakou Domna , Beacco Alejandro , Oliva Ramon , Gallego Jaime 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We created a virtual reality version of a 1983 performance by Dire Straits. To understand the responses of participants we carried out two studies which used sentiment analysis of texts written by the participants. Study 1 (n = 25) (Beacco et al., 2021, Disturbance and Plausibility in a Virtual Rock Concert, IEEE Virtual Reality) had the unexpected finding that negative sentiment was caused by the virtual audience, where e.g., some were fearful of being harassed by them. In Study 2 (n = 26) notwithstanding some changes, the audience again led to negative sentiment – e.g., a feeling of being stared at. For Study 2 we compared sentiment with questionnaire scores, finding that the illusion of being at the concert was associated with positive sentiment for males but negative for females. Overall, we found sentiment was dominated by responses to the audience rather than the band. We relate our findings to the concept of Plausibility, the illusion that events and situations in the VR are real. We conclude with the need for co-design of VR scenarios, and the use of sentiment analysis in this process, rather than sole reliance on concepts proposed by researchers which may not reflect the experiences of participants.
Meeting nature-positive goals for an organisation’s food system
Authors: Taylor Isobel , Bull Joseph , Ashton Bartholomew , Biggs Elizabeth , Clark Michael , Gray Niamh , Grub Henry , Stewart Cristina , Milner-Gulland Eleanor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Organisations are increasingly committing to ‘nature-positive’ targets, in line with proposed international goals. However, there are few worked examples showing how to feasibly achieve these targets. Here, we set out a novel approach to achieving nature-positive targets with respect to the embodied biodiversity impacts of an organisation’s food consumption. We quantify these impacts using a comprehensive database of life-cycle environmental impacts from food and provide exploratory strategies to meet defined targets, structured according to the Mitigation and Conservation Hierarchy. Through considering the varying needs and values across the organisation’s internal community, we identify a range of feasible, targeted approaches towards mitigating impacts, which balance top-down and bottom-up actions to different degrees. However, we also find that delivering ambitious nature-positive targets within current constraints will be highly challenging, particularly when considering how to mitigate cumulative impacts. Our results evidence the need for transformative systemic change if nature-positive targets are to be achievable at the organisational scale.
Triglyceride Glucose Index is Independently Associated with Aorta Intima-Media Thickness in Patients without Clinical Manifestations of Cardiovascular Disease Running Head: Triglyceride Glucose Index and Intima-Media Thickness
Authors: ÖZBİÇER Süleyman , YÜKSEL Gülhan , URGUN Örsan Deniz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims: Subclinical atherosclerosis begins to develop in the thoracic aorta early in life. Insulin resistance is a well-established risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable marker of insulin resistance regardless of glucose tolerance or obesity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients without diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease undergoing transesophageal echocardiography due to suspected structural heart disease.Methods: One hundred twenty-two patients enrolled in the study between January 2021 and June 2021. Triglyceride-glucose index was calculated using fasting laboratory parameters, major cardiovascular risk factors and IMT of the thoracic aorta were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups according to their median IMT; patients with an IMT equal to or less than 1.42 mm were low IMT group, and higher than 1.42 mm were high IMT group.Results: Triglyceride-glucose index were higher in the high IMT group (8.69 ± 0.59 vs. 8.37 ± 0.53, p= 0.003). Triglyceride-glucose index was correlated with IMT (r=0.259, p=0.005) and in binary logistic regression analysis age and TyG was independently associated with having high IMT (β = 0.091, exp(B)=1.095 95%CI = 1.041 – 1.152, p<0.001 and β=1.726, exp(B)= 5.621 95%CI= 1.139- 27.728, p=0.034, respectively)Conclusion: We found an independent relationship between TyG and IMT of the thoracic aorta, an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the TyG index can be used to identify high-risk subjects among healthy subjects.
Enteric Methane Emission of Cattle Grazing Rangeland Ecosystems of South Eastern Kenya
Authors: Maweu Annastacia Nduku , Bebe Bocklines Omedo , Kuria Simon Gichuru , Kashongwe Olivier Basole 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Large herds grazing degraded rangeland pastures are associated with enteric methane emission, contributing to Global Warming Potential (GWP). Kenya has large herds of ruminants grazing rangelands yet hardly are methane emissions and associated GWP quantified. This study estimated enteric methane emission and the GWP from cattle grazing in Makueni County, a rangeland ecosystem in Southeastern Kenya. Estimation applied the IPCC Tier II approach that incorporated seasonal differences in feed quality, dry matter intake and animal performance to provide improved methane emission factors (EFs). Data on cattle population, animal classes and their performance and animal activity for the year 2019 was obtained from the County livestock inventory reports while feed quality data was sourced from recently published literature. The resultant EFs were 47.1 kg year-1 for females>2yrs; 27.2 kg year-1 for heifers 1-2 yrs; 46.5 kg year-1 for males>2yrs; 32.9 kg year-1 for young males 1-2yrs; and 17.2 kg year-1 for calves <1yr. These EFs were higher (7.7 to 14.9%) than those of Tier I for females>2yrs, young males 1-2yrs and for calves <1yr but lower (5.4 to 12.3%) for males>2yrs and for heifers 1-2 yrs. The Tier II estimates were 4.4% higher than the estimates with Tier I approach for both total estimated enteric methane emission (9,279,526.80 vs 8,889,997 kg CH4/year) and GWP (259,826,750.4 vs. 248,919,916 kg CO2 eq). The results reflect uncertainty of EFs generated from Tier I approach, which necessitates development of region-specific EFs using data from local breeds of animals and feed resources. This will improve certainties of the enteric methane emissions and accuracy in reporting the Nationally Determined Contributions.
Investigation of Linear and Nonlinear Variations of Radon, Total Electron Content and Meteorological Variables by Earthquakes: ARIMA and Monte Carlo Modeling
Authors: salh hemn , Külahcı Fatih , Ghafar Marjan Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)-Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is proposed to analyze and model anomalies caused by earthquakes in the atmosphere and ground gases along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ)-Turkiye. Earthquakes, Soil Radon Gas and Total Electron Content (TEC) show anomalies simultaneously. Positive correlations are observed among these three variables. Similarly, positive correlations are also observed among Rn-Meteorological-Atmospheric triple variables. The proposed ARIMA model and MCS for the Rn-TEC-Earthquake relations of the measured data gave statistically significant results. This model and simulation gave also significant peaks for the effects of micro earthquakes, which are more difficult to detect than large earthquakes, especially on the ionospheric TEC.
Interspecific competition between Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas microsphaera stressed by tetracyclines
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Jiang Xincheng , Chen Jibao , Gao Pengcheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The extensive tetracyclines in human and veterinary medicines cause contamination in the environment that could contribute to the antibiotic-resistant bacteria or the species competition in phytoplankton. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa (bloom-forming cyanobacteria) and Chlamydomonas microsphaera (common green alga) were selected to test the effect of different concentrations of tetracyclines (tetracycline and oxytetracycline) in mono-culture and co-culture. The results showed that compared with mono-culture, the cell growth of C. microsphaera decreased significantly in co-culture treated with different concentrations of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. With the expose of 0.1, 2, 10 mg L-1 of tetracycline, the inhibition ratios of M. aeruginosa varied between 17.7% and 31.37% in co-culture compared to mono-culture, while the cell growth of M. aeruginosa was promoted treated with 0.1, 2, 7.25 mg L-1 of oxytetracycline in co-culture. However, the cell growth of C. microsphaera was significantly inhibited with all treatments in co-culture. With the treatment of tetracycline, the specific growth rate of M. aeruginosa was 0.36 to 0.31 day-1 in mono-culture and co-culture, while that of C. microsphaera was ranged from 0.38 to 0.26 day-1 in mono-culture, and it decreased from 0.25 day-1 (0 mg L-1) to 0.08 day-1 (10 mg L-1) in co-culture. With the treatment of oxytetracycline, the specific growth rate of M. aeruginosa was stimulated in co-culture while that of C. microsphaera showed an extremely significant inhibition in co-culture compared to mono-culture. Therefore, although M. aeruginosa outcompeted C. microsphaera in co-culture with the tetracyclines-free treatment, the competitive advantage of M. aeruginosa expanded upon addition of low or high concentrations of tetracyclines.
Socioeconomic inequalities in cervical pre-cancer screening among women in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – Analysis of Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys
Authors: Chipanta David , Kapambwe Sharon , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Pascoe Margaret , Amo-Agyei Silas , Bohlius Julia , Estill Janne , Keiser Olivia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Screening for cervical pre-cancerous lesions may be inequitable among women in sub-Saharan African countries. This study examined age, residence, education and wealth inequalities and their combinations on cervical pre-cancer screening in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Methods: We used the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) data, including cervical pre-cancer screening variables and measured the magnitude of inequality between subgroups in percentages points, considering differences of 20%+ as high inequality, 5% to 20% medium, 0 to 5% as low. We described the sample characteristics using descriptive statistics for each country and examined the associations between cervical pre-cancer screening and each inequality. We analysed the differences using multivariable logistic regressions, controlling for covariates. We estimated the inequalities in cervical pre-cancer screening probability for each inequality alone and in combinations using marginal effects models. Results: The sample size of females aged 25–49 years ranged from 5882 in Ethiopia to 9186 in Tanzania. Self-reported cervical pre-cancer screening was low in the surveyed countries ranging from 3.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.1%–4.0%) in Rwanda to 17.1% (95% CI 15.8%–18.5%) and 17.4% (95% CI16.1%–18.8%) in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Inequalities in cervical pre-cancer screening were low based on age, residence, education, and wealth. Combining the inequalities led to significant inequalities in self-reported cervical pre-cancer screening between rural dwelling women aged 25–34 years, in the lowest wealth quintile, with a primary education level, and urban dwelling women aged 35–49 years, in the highest quintile, with the highest education level ranging from 4.4% in Rwanda to 44.6% in Zimbabwe. Conclusions: Cervical pre-cancer screening was inequitable and low. None of the countries achieved one-third of the World Health Organisation target of screening 70% of eligible women for cervical pre-cancer by 2030. Inequalities in cervical pre-cancer screening related to age, rural-urban residence, education, and wealth were low. Their combinations led to high inequalities, preventing younger, rural-dwelling, uneducated, women in the lowest wealth quintile from cervical pre-cancer screening. Governments should include and monitor equity in their cervical pre-cancer screening programmes. Research is needed to understand how to scale up equitable cervical pre-cancer screening.
Clinical implementation of kVCT-guided Tomotherapy with ClearRT
Authors: Yang Bin , Geng Hui , Chang Tien Yee Amy , Tse Mei Yan , Lam Wai Wang , Huang Chen-Yu , Wu Tung Ho , Lau Ka Ki , Cheung Kin Yin , Chiu George , Yu Siu Ki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A helical fan-beam kilovoltage computed tomography (kVCT) was recently introduced into Tomotherapy units. This study aims to share the initial experience of kVCT in clinical workflow, compare its performance with that of the existing megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT), and explore its potential in adaptive planning.We retrospectively enrolled 23 patients who underwent both MVCT and kVCT scans. The clinical performance data regarding image acquisition time, nominal dose length product (DLP), registration time and registration corrections were extracted and compared. Image quality was scored by six experienced radiation therapists and quantified based on phantom measurements. CT number stability and the implementation of adaptive radiotherapy were dosimetrically evaluated by performing the dose recalculation on kVCT.Compared to MVCT, kVCT significantly reduced DLP (except the highest kVp protocol), image acquisition and registration time. KVCT obtained higher scores than MVCT on all criteria except artifacts. Phantom measurements also revealed a better image performance characterization of kVCT except for image uniformity. The CT number variation could lead to a dose difference of 0.5% for D95% of target and Dmean of organ-at-risk. For the treatment planning with kVCT, a systematic dose difference (> 1%) in PTV dose metrics was observed at regions with large longitudinal density discontinuities compared to the reference plans.The new kVCT imaging provides enhanced soft-tissue visualization. The improved efficiency with kVCT-guided treatment will allow more patients to be treated each day. In most cases, the dose calculation accuracy of kVCT images is acceptable except for regions with severe artifacts.