bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the destiny of the Russian political police, evoked by A.V. Matveev’s dissertation on «The Institute of Surveillance in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire (historical and legal research)»
Authors: Krakovskiy Konstantin 
Published: December 2022

At the meeting of the dissertation Council 03.2.008.03, for the defense of dissertations for the degree of Candidate of Sciences, for the degree of Doctor of Science in the scientific specialty 5.1.1. Theoretical and historical legal sciences (legal sciences), created on the basis of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, on October 4, 2022, the dissertation defense was passed for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences A. V. Matveev on the topic «Institute of surveillance in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire (historical and legal research), led by Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation N. S. Nizhnik. The Dissertation Council, the meeting of which was chaired by Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation M. V. Bavsun, unanimously decided that A. V. Matveev’s dissertation is a scientific qualification work that is essential for historical and legal science and meets the requirements established by the Regulations on Awarding Academic Degrees, as well as on awarding A. V. Matveev the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences in the specialty 5.1.1.
The article is a review of the dissertation of an official opponent, in which the structure and content of the dissertation of A.V. Matveev are analyzed.
Organization of the legal adviser part in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century
Authors: Panfilets Aleksandr , Udaltsov Andrey 
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the study is due, firstly, to the peculiarities of the emergence of the legal service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire at the time of the reforms of Alexander II, and secondly, to the incomplete development of this aspect in the historiography of post-reform Russia. The relevance also lies in the interest of the younger generation of lawyers in knowing the origins of the legal service.
The article deals with the prerequisites for the emergence of the legal service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the second half of the 19th century; substantiation of the need for its creation; activities of committees and commissions to work on this issue; specific personalities involved in the creation of projects and staffing of this service. The functions, duties and activities of the newly formed legal service in the Ministry are being studied.
The results of the authors’ study showed that the need to create a legal service in the Ministry of the Interior was due to the adoption of new Judicial Statutes on November 20, 1864, which required the separation of administrative power from the judiciary, which required officials who knew law perfectly. It was the legal adviser who was supposed to communicate with the new judiciary in cases relating to the interests of the treasury in order to reduce its losses and protect officials in court, both criminal and civil. Appointed as the first central legal adviser of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, P. T. Kititsyn in 1868 justified the highest trust not only of Minister P. A. Valuev, but also of Alexander II, since already in 1871 he was concurrently appointed legal adviser to the Ministry of the Imperial court, which testifies to his high professionalism and excellent knowledge of the laws of the Russian Empire.
Effects of underlayer on the reduction of graphene oxide through atomic hydrogen annealing and soft X-ray irradiation
Authors: Heya Akira , Fujibuchi Akinori , Hirata Masahiro , Kanda Kazuhiro , Matsuo Yoshiaki , Inamoto Junichi , Sumitomo Koji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) through atomic hydrogen annealing (AHA) and soft X-ray irradiation is investigated using microwell substrates with μm-sized holes with and without Ni underlayers. The GO film is reduced through AHA at 170 °C and soft X-ray irradiation at 150 °C. In contrast, some GO films are not only reduced but also amorphized through soft X-ray irradiation. The effect of the Ni underlayer on GO reduction differs between AHA and soft X-ray irradiation. In AHA, the difference in GO reduction between SiO2 and Ni underlayer originates from the atomic hydrogen density on the sample surface. On the other hand, in soft X-ray irradiation, the difference in GO reduction between SiO2 and the Ni underlayer originates from the excited electrons generated by soft X-ray irradiation. Reduction without damage is more likely to occur in the suspended GO than in the supported GO.
1.2 nJ/classification 2.4 mm2 asynchronous wired-logic DNN processor using synthesized nonlinear function blocks in 0.18 μm CMOS
Authors: Sumikawa Rei , Shiba Kota , Kosuge Atsutake , Hamada Mototsugu , Kuroda Tadahiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have developed a full-digital wired-logic DNN processor that is 5.3 times smaller and 2.6 times more energy efficient than previously developed processors. Our processor is capable of inferring a MNIST classification task with 90.6% accuracy and 1.2 nJ of energy per classification at 3.89 Mfps. We also developed a neuron and synapse-saving neural network using nonlinear neural network technology to reduce the number of processing elements to be implemented. Lastly, we developed a logical compression technique for area and energy-saving neuron cell circuits. Using these techniques, we devised a digital asynchronous wired-logic DNN processor.
Device modeling of oxide–semiconductor channel antiferroelectric FETs using half-loop hysteresis for memory operation
Authors: Huang Xingyu , Itoya Yuki , Li Zhuo , Saraya Takuya , Hiramoto Toshiro , Kobayashi Masaharu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, the memory characteristics of oxide–semiconductor (OS) channel antiferroelectric FETs (AFeFETs) are investigated by developing a compact model of AFeFETs. The model consists of an analytic junctionless FeFET model and a newly developed AFe Preisach model. The AFe Preisach model can reproduce arbitrary minor loop measurement results. The key feature of AFeFETs is using the half-loop hysteresis of AFe in contrast to the full hysteresis of Fe. Only a small net charge is required and minority carrier generation is not necessary for erase operation, which is preferable for a typical OS channel. Based on the developed model, we systematically vary the device parameters of the OS channel and AFe gate insulator, analyze the memory window using operation point analysis, and show the potential of OS channel AFeFETs for memory applications.
MOSFET series resistance extraction at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Takeuchi Kiyoshi , Mizutani Tomoko , Saraya Takuya , Oka Hiroshi , Mori Takahiro , Kobayashi Masaharu , Hiramoto Toshiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A series resistance extraction method proposed recently, which uses multiple drain current versus gate voltage curves at varied drain voltages, was applied to bulk CMOS devices at low temperatures down to 4 K. A moderate reduction of series resistance compared with 300 K was found. Horizontal field dependence of mobility significantly changed with temperature, which was taken into account during the extraction. Anomalous non-linear series resistance was observed at 4 K only for p-channel FETs, suggesting the need for careful source/drain overlap design for low temperature operations.
In-plane resistive anisotropy in Ca2RuO4 measured by rotational square four-point probe method
Authors: Divakaran A. M. , Okazaki R. , Nakamura F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The resistivity of materials is a fundamental property of solids and is widely used to understand underlying physics as well as to engineer device applications. Conventional four-probe measurement is usually employed to exclude the contributions from parasitic contact resistances. Here, we evaluate the in-plane resistive anisotropy in Ca2RuO4 crystals by using a rotational square four-point probe (4PP) method, which measures an angular dependence of the resistance to precisely detect the resistive anisotropy of materials. A clear sinusoidal dependence of the resistance has been observed, confirming the resistive anisotropy in this system. Finally, the resistance data is fitted with a theoretical angle dependence equation to extract the resistive anisotropy. The observed results are found to be matching with the actual resistivity of the sample.
A Risk Reducing Fleet Monitor for Automated Vehicles Based on Extreme Value Theory
Authors: Åsljung Daniel , Zandén Carl , Fredriksson Jonas 
Published: December 2022

<p>The verification and validation of automated vehicles (AVs) is a challenging problem. There are currently no verification and validation methods that can guarantee the absence of unreasonable risk. Therefore, monitoring methods are recommended to measure the residual risk caused by the AVs in the field. This paper proposes a proactive fleet monitoring approach for AVs based on Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to reduce the accident risk during first deployment and software updates. By performing sequential statistical tests on threat metrics measured in an AV fleet, the monitor is used to quickly identify and abort operations if the AVs do not meet the required level of safety. To evaluate the proposed monitoring approach, it is studied in a fictive deployment case using two different threat metrics, one predictive and one retrospective. The evaluation showed that a significant risk reduction is achievable when using the EVT fleet monitor compared to reactive fleet monitoring. Using the predictive threat metric reduces the risk and number of accidents by aborting operations unless the deployed AVs have substantially higher MTBF than required. Comparatively, the introduced retrospective threat metric is a more balanced alternative that can reduce risk without stopping operations when the required MTBF is met. In summation, EVT fleet monitoring appears to be a promising method that can be used to reduce the risk of accidents caused by sub-performing AV driving functions by aborting operations before accidents are caused.</p>
DIFERENCIAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL
Authors: Da Silva José Borzacchiello 
Published: December 2022

O artigo versa sobre a compreensão do que vem a ser a diferenciação socioespacial, levantando questões que inquietam a imaginação geográfica. Parte da constatação da ocorrência de conflitos sociais que se dão no interior da cidade, espaço contraditório por excelência, onde se manifestam embates que expressam múltiplos interesses. O grande desafio suscitado pelo texto consiste em identificar semelhanças e diferenças estabelecidas entre os grupos sociais responsáveis pelo processo de produção e consumo da cidade, e compreender, malgrado as contradições, o que empresta sentido e animação ao arranjo diferenciado da cidade. O resgate do teor discursivo da incapacidade da Geografia em superar essa dificuldade analítica, traz à baila o discurso de renomados geógrafos e impõe o diálogo com profissionais de outras áreas das Ciências Humanas.
SITUAÇÕES DE LONDRINA
Authors: Thery Herve , De Mellio Neli Aparecida , Barros Mirian Vizintim Fernandes , Archela Rosely Sampaio , Barros Omar Neto Fernandes , Gratão Lúcia Helena Batista 
Published: December 2022

O texto apresenta alguns elementos de reflexões sobre A situação da cidade de Londrina (Paraná) é analisada neste artigo, em conformidade com os conceitos da "análise prospectiva dos territórios", desenvolvida na França na Maison de la Géographie de Montpellier, nos anos 1990. Londrina é analisada a partir de um conjunto de mapas estatísticos, nas escalas do país, do Sul-Sudeste e do Paraná. É também apresentada nos seus relacionamentos, denominados "campos de força", nas escalas nacional e continental, tanto no âmbito dos grandes conjuntos naturais como das zonas de influência urbano-industriais e das rotas continentais. Este artigo utiliza dados do Atlas Ambiental da Cidade de Londrina, 2005, como exemplo para o seu contexto teórico.
Anhum: del coro virtual a la experimentación musical en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Miki da Costa Fernanda Keiko , Medeiros Lucas d'Oliveira Auta Inês 
Published: December 2022

La crisis de salud provocada por la pandemia del COVID19 afectó directa y principalmente a las actividades colectivas. En nuestro contexto artístico, para contener las inmensas olas de contagio, los teatros, museos, salas de conciertos, escuelas y lugares de ensayo fueron cerrados sin fecha de reapertura. Con las diversas limitaciones impuestas por el aislamiento social, el canto coral en todo el mundo estuvo necesariamente mediado por la tecnología, lo que ha generado un impacto directo en la relación del cantante con su propia voz y del director con el proceso de creación musical. En este contexto, el cuerpo analógico/biológico deja de ser el instrumento fundamental de la actividad musical, siendo subordinado a la virtualidad y al registro audio/visual. Sin embargo, este devenir biocibernético impuesto por el aislamiento social durante la pandemia, abre una grieta para la experimentación y, prácticamente demanda una transformación del quehacer musical bien como de sus actores, incentivando nuevas formas de concebir la música y la creación colectiva. El presente trabajo es parte del proceso A/R/Tográfico realizado en el marco de la Maestría en Músicas de América Latina y el Caribe en la Universidad de Antioquia, y ha resultado en la concepción de la obra sonora “Nós” y el diseño de la plataforma digital “Anhum”, en colaboración con la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, en Brasil. Tales creaciones tienen carácter experimental y buscan, a través de recursos sonoros y artes performáticas, traducir la experiencia pandémica de una directora coral e invitar al público a la escucha activa y a la creación colectiva a través de la tecnología.
A Combinatorial Characterization of Extremal Generalized Hexagons
Authors: De Bruyn Bart 
Published: December 2022

A finite generalized $2d$-gon of order $(s,t)$ with $d \in \{ 2,3,4 \}$ and $s \not= 1$ is called extremal if $t$ attains its maximal possible value $s^{e_d}$, where $e_2=e_4=2$ and $e_3=3$. The problem of finding combinatorial conditions that are both necessary and sufficient for a finite generalized $2d$-gon of order $(s,t)$ to be extremal has so far only be solved for the generalized quadrangles. In this paper, we obtain a solution for the generalized hexagons. We also obtain a related combinatorial characterization for extremal regular near hexagons.
Sistem Monitoring Spektrum Akupansi Band AM, FM dan Trunking Menggunakan RTL SDR 2832U DVB-T Tuner Dongles Berbasis Visual Studio
Authors: Pratama Sandi , Tresnawan Dian 
Published: December 2022

Balai monitor spektrum frekuensi radio kelas ii Batam merupakan unit pelaksana teknis bidang monitor spektrum frekuensi radio yang berada di bawah kementrian komunikasi dan informatika republik indonesia. balai monitor spektrum frekuensi radio kelas II batam mempunyai tugas melaksanakan pengawasan dan pengendalian dibidang penggunaan spectrum frekuensi radio yang salah satunya adalah monitoring spektrum akupansi band am, fm dan trunking yang dilaksanakan oleh Penulis dengan menggunakan suatu alat ukur berupa Spectrum Analyzer Anritsu MS2720T.Pengoprasian Spectrum Analyzer secara manual memerlukan waktu yang lama dan kurang efisien. Untuk memudahkan dan mengefisienkan pengoprasian Spectrum Analyzer tersebut diperlukan program antarmuka dengan bahasa pemrograman C# dan sebuah Software penerima sinyal RTL-SDR 2832U Dongle.
Bahasa pemprograman C# merupakan standard bahasa pemprograman yang didesain secara khusus untuk mengontrol suatu perangkat. Bahasa pemprograman C# mendefinisikan bagaimana cara berkomunikasi dengan prangkat dari computer eksternal.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitian untuk membuat program antarmuka untuk perangkat Spectrum Analyzer dengan menggunakan bahasa pemprograman C#. Dengan program tersebut pengendali Frekuensi Radio dalam melakukan monitoring spektrum akupansi band am, fm dan trunking.
Profile of Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (NSCLC) Undergoing Chemotherapy at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Isnaniyah , Sabrina Ermayanti  , Afriani Afriani  
Published: December 2022

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the treatment options for lung cancer at any stage. Side effects due to chemotherapy are still a problem in the treatment of lung cancer patients. Chemotherapy drugs have different side effects according to their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This study aimed to determine the side effects of both hematological and non-hematological chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated at the lung ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia, from 2017 to 2019.
Methods: This was a descriptive observational study, a total of 42 study subjects. The study subjects were non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software in a univariate manner.
Results: The study subjects were mostly male (85.36%), the age range of 40-60 years (66.67%), at risk of exposure from work (45.23%), smokers (59.52%), had a history of pulmonary TB (11.9%), history of COPD (2.38%), history of malignancy of other organs (2.38%) with the most cell type being adenocarcinoma (54.76%). The most common hematological side effects were first-degree anemia (21.43%) and first-degree leukopenia (21.43%). The most non-hematological side effects were first-degree alopecia (90.48%), followed by first-degree nausea and vomiting (78.57%).
Conclusion: Chemotherapy side effects were found in all regimens given with mild degrees. The side effects obtained were in the form of hematological and non-hematological side effects.
Characterization of Immobilized β-Amylase Enzyme Isolated from Sweet Potato and prepared by Entrapment Method
Authors: R Kumaravelrajan , M Swetha , V Suba 
Published: December 2022

Aim: This study attempted to isolate β-amylase from sweet potato and enzyme immobilized by encapsulation method, and characterized with various parameters. Methods: The enzyme β-amylase was isolated with phosphate-buffered saline and purified by centrifugation with ammonium sulfate. The purified enzyme was immobilized on chitosan (0.25 g) and sodium alginate (0.25 g) polymers by entrapment method in the presence of calcium chloride (0.5 M). The immobilized enzyme was characterized by a starch hydrolysis test, the optimal pH and temperature were studied and the stability of the immobilized enzyme was also determined. SEM analysis was performed and Vm and Km were also found. Results: The starch hydrolysis test showed positive results on the starch agar plates for immobilized enzymes. The thermal inactivation showed a severe loss in the activity of the free enzymes (49.3 %) while the temperature profile of the immobilized enzymes was much broader (84.55 %) at higher temperatures (80° C). The optimal pH and stability indicated that the immobilized enzyme has higher stability in the pH range of 5-8. The Km and Vmax value of free and immobilized enzyme was 7.67 mmol, 21.15 µmol (R2 0.8880), and 4.72 mmol,16.79 µmol (R2 0.8446) respectively. The storage of free and immobilized enzymes for one month showed that 83.5 % and 40 % of free enzymes and 11.6 % and 8.6 % of immobilized enzymes lost activity at 25° C and 4° C, respectively. SEM analysis shows the smooth, porous surface. Conclusion: Immobilized enzymes (natural polymers) exhibit higher thermal stability the optimal pH and stability indicate immobilized enzyme has higher stability in the pH range of 5-8, and achieves a relative activity of 69.7 %. After 6 uses, the reuse efficiency of the immobilized enzyme decreased from 99.8 % to 52.3 %. The storage of the immobilized enzyme showed much higher stability than the found-free enzyme.
A Study to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on the basis of Scoring Related to Bio-Medical Waste Management among Health-care Personnel in Secondary Care Hospitals of Prayagraj, District
Authors: Garima Dwivedi  , Richa Singh  , Santraj Ram  , Shiv Prakash  , Gyan Prakash  , Deepak Anand  
Published: December 2022

Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management remains a problem area in India. Proper managementdepends upon knowledge and attitude of waste generating staff and other personnel involved.Objective: To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding bio-medical management among health-carepersonnel by using a scoring system in secondary care hospitals in Prayagraj district.Methodology: Sample size was calculated to be 470. The study subjects were selected from each stratum ofpersonnel randomly in proportion to the size of strata from both urban and rural. Data was collected usingquestionnaire and assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices was done on the basis of scoring systemdescribed by Kaliyaperumal.Results: It was observed that in urban hospitals 60.91% doctors, 58.25% nurses, 44.45% lab technicians and 30.76% sanitary staff were having high level of knowledge with a score of >20 and in rural hospitals, 38(54.2%) doctors,20(47.61%) nurses, 9(32.14%) lab technicians and 8(22.85%) sanitary staff were having high level of knowledge. Inurban hospitals,{70 (80.45%) doctors, 91(88.34%) nurses, 23(85.18%) lab technician and 65(80.76%) sanitary staffand in rural hospitals, {58(82.85%) doctor, 39(92.85%) nurses, 22(78.57%) lab technician, and 31(88.57%) sanitarystaff} were having favourable attitude with a score of >6. In both urban and rural hospital, the practice scores ofmajority of healthcare personnel were satisfactory i.e. in the range of (3-6).
Conclusion: The study revealed that the attitude among health-care personnel was good while knowledge andpractice were satisfactory.
Why do people overestimate the effectiveness of blocked learning?
Authors: Krasnoff Julia , Overkott Clara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterleaved learning has been shown to be better for delayed memory performance than blocked learning. Nevertheless, people judge blocked learning to be more effective. In the present work, we tested different explanations for this metacognitive bias. Across three experiments, participants studied sequences of object-color associations for a final color-reproduction test. In Experiment 1, colors of a sequence were selected from one color category (blocked-study condition) or distinct color categories (interleaved-study condition). Participants gave higher judgements of learning (JOLs) for objects studied in the blocked condition, although performance was better for objects in the interleaved condition. In Experiment 2, participants’ immediate memory performance after each sequence was additionally measured. JOLs were again higher for objects in the blocked condition, and they mimicked participants’ immediate memory performance suggesting a link between participants’ evaluations of the learning strategies and their immediate memory effects. In Experiment 3, the objects of one sequence were either grouped by category (blocked-study condition) or derived from distinct categories (interleaved-study condition). Neither JOLs, nor immediate performance was affected by this manipulation of blocked learning, speaking against the possibility that people prefer blocked learning because of habit only. We conclude that people overestimate the effectiveness of blocked learning due to the immediate memory boost caused by blocked learning and not due to their previously acquired habit to study in blocks. This study provides insights into how people evaluate the effectiveness of learning strategies and why these evaluations are not always accurate.