bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognising the deterioration of patients in acute care wards: a qualitative study
Authors: Beane Abi , Wijesiriwardana Wageesha , Pell Christopher , Dullewe N. P. , Sujeewa J. A. , Rathnayake R. M. Dhanapala , Jayasinghe Saroj , Dondorp Arjen M. , Schultsz Constance , Haniffa Rashan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Infrastructure, equipment and staff constraints are often cited as barriers to the recognition and rescue of deteriorating patients in resource-limited settings. The impact of health-system organisation, decision-making and organisational culture on recognition of deterioration is however poorly understood. This study explores how health care providers recognise deterioration of patients in acute care in Sri Lanka. Methods: In-depth interviews exploring decision making and care processes related to recognition of deterioration, were conducted with a purposive sample of 23 health care workers recruited from ten wards at a district hospital in Sri Lanka. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded thematically, line-by-line, using a general inductive approach. Results: A legacy of initial assessment on admission and inimical organisational culture undermined recognition of deteriorating patients in hospital. Informal triaging at the time of ward admission resulted in patients presenting with red-flag diagnoses and vital sign derangement requiring resuscitation being categorised as "bad". The legacy of this categorisation was a series of decision-making biases anchored in the initial assessment, which remained with the patient throughout their stay. Management for patients categorised as “bad” was prioritised by healthcare workers coupled with a sense of fatalism regarding adverse outcomes. Health care workers were reluctant to deviate from the original plan of care despite changes in patient condition (continuation bias). Organisational culture - vertical hierarchy, siloed working and a reluctance to accept responsibility- resulted in omissions which undermined recognition of deterioration. Fear of blame was a barrier to learning from adverse events. Conclusions: The legacy of admission assessment and hospital organisational culture undermined recognition of deterioration. Opportunities for improving recognition of deterioration in this setting may include establishing formal triage and medical emergency teams to facilitate timely recognition and escalation.
Efficacy and safety of atropine to control childhood myopia progression
Authors: Lewkowicz Martyna , Nowakowska Katarzyna , Pawlina Mateusz , Raksa Karolina , Ziętara Karolina , Kozioł Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Nearsightedness is one of the most common eye defects in people all over the world. If left untreated, it leads to a number of serious eye complications that can result in irreversible loss of vision. It is estimated that by 2050. Half of humanity will be burdened with this disadvantage, so it has become a priority to try to find ways to prevent and treat myopia, among which the administration of atropine drops is very effective.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia and to investigate the relationship between the dose of atropine and the effectiveness of controlling the progression of myopia.
Material and methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to review the literature.
Results: Eye drops with 1% atropine showed the greatest efficacy in the control of myopia. However, their use was limited due to the occurrence of side effects such as impaired accommodation and photophobia. In the ATOM 2 study, which investigated the use of atropine in a variety of concentrations, it was found that 0.01% is the optimal concentration with good efficacy and minimal side effects. One of the breakthroughs was the LAMP study using atropine at a concentration of 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01% in eye drops. This study provided evidence for the first time that low-concentration atropine is effective compared with placebo in myopia. In addition, both efficacy and side effects followed a concentration-dependent response ranging from 0.01% to 0.05% of atropine. Among them, 0.05% of atropine was the optimal concentration to achieve the best efficacy and safety profile.
Conclusion: Low concentration of atropine is effective in the control of myopia. Its widespread use can help prevent the progression of myopia. However, further investigation of the rebound phenomenon and a long term, individualized approach to treatment are warranted.
Anchored Inferential Learning: Platform-Specific Uncertainty, Venture Capital Investments by the Platform Owner, and the Impact on Complementors
Authors: van Angeren Joey , Karunakaran Arvind 
Published: June 2022

Platform owners increasingly make corporate venture capital investments in complementors (e.g., app developers) to stimulate value creation, a practice we refer to as platform venture capital (PVC). Interested in the implications of PVC for other complementors, we investigate how PVC investments affect their product introduction and withdrawal decisions. Given that complementors confront platform-specific uncertainty concerning the strategic directions of the platform, which is asymmetrically set by the platform owner, we theorize that complementors leverage PVC investments as devices for anchored inferential learning. That is, because PVC investments are costly, visible, and consequential, complementors will infer them as credible indicators of the platform’s future focus. Consequently, we predict that complementors will seek out, and stick around, product categories of PVC investees. We further anticipate that these inclinations are weaker for complementors with greater platform ecosystem experience that place more emphasis on knowledge acquired via experiential learning, and stronger for complementors that center their business exclusively on the platform and therefore rely strongly on PVC to navigate platform-specific uncertainty. We provide quantitative evidence from the context of the Salesforce platform. Moreover, we draw on qualitative data from this context to unpack why complementors interpret PVC investments as a credible signal concerning the strategic direction of the platform. We highlight that complementors consider PVC as a form of middle-ground platform governance, where the platform owner is perceived as being committed to stimulating value creation in the platform ecosystem, while also inducing complementors to commit their efforts to the platform ecosystem.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1607 .
Spatially multiplexed single-cavity dual-comb laser
Authors: Pupeikis J. , Willenberg B. , Camenzind S. L. , Benayad A. , Camy P. , Phillips C. R. , Keller U. 
Published: June 2022

Single-cavity dual-comb lasers are a new class of ultrafast lasers that have a wide possible application space including pump–probe sampling, optical ranging, and gas absorption spectroscopy. However, to date, laser cavity multiplexing has usually come with a trade-off in laser performance or relative timing noise suppression. We present a method for multiplexing a single laser cavity to support a pair of noise-correlated modes. These modes share all intracavity components and take a near-common path, but do not overlap on any active elements. We implement the method with an 80-MHz laser delivering more than 2.4 W of average power per comb with sub-140-fs pulses. We reach sub-cycle relative timing jitter of 2.2 fs [20 Hz, 100 kHz]. With this multiplexing technique, we can implement slow feedback on the repetition rate difference

Δ

f

r
e
p

, enabling this quantity to be drift-free, have low jitter, and be adjustable—a key combination for practical applications that was lacking in prior single-cavity dual-comb systems.
Understanding leprosy reactions and the impact on the lives of people affected: An exploration in two leprosy endemic countries
Authors: Putri Annisa Ika , de Sabbata Kevin , Agusni Regitta I. , Alinda Medhi Denisa , Darlong Joydeepa , de Barros Barbara , Walker Stephen L. , Zweekhorst Marjolein B. M. , Peters Ruth M. H. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLeprosy reactions, Type-1 and erythema nodosum leprosum, are immune-mediated complications of leprosy, which play a significant role in the morbidity associated with the disease. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the impact of leprosy in general but few studies focus specifically on leprosy reactions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of leprosy reactions on physical, psychological, and social aspects of the lives of people affected by analysing their life experiences and perspectives about leprosy reactions.Methods/Principal findingsThis qualitative study involved people affected by leprosy reactions and their family members in two leprosy endemic countries. The data were collected through 66 interviews and 9 focus group discussions (4–6 participants each) in Surabaya, Indonesia, and Purulia, India. Content analysis and conversational analysis were performed. This study found that both types of leprosy reactions were perceived as an unpredictable and painful condition. Leprosy reactions restricted physical activities of the participants, such as going to bathroom, sleeping, eating, and cooking. In the interviews, the respondents expressed a range of emotions and feelings including confusion, sadness, anxiety, and anger. Some recounted that they felt stigmatized and lost opportunities to socialise and earn money. Differences between the two settings were identified. The majority of Indonesian participants preferred to stay at home, and some concealed the diagnosis of leprosy, while most of the Indian respondents continued working up to the time of hospitalization.ConclusionLeprosy reactions are a distressing complication of leprosy and adversely affect the lives of those affected. Individuals reported physical discomfort, distress, anxiety, stigma, and financial hardship and these negative impacts in the physical, psychological, and social spheres reinforced each other. These findings provide important information about a need for early detection and sustained commitment to follow-up care for people with a history of leprosy reactions. More research on new drugs for reactional episodes, tools to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice, and costing study on leprosy reactions treatment are needed. We recommend the development and testing of holistic strategies to improve the management of leprosy reactions.
Recommendations of high-quality clinical practice guidelines related to the process of starting dialysis: A systematic review
Authors: Salas-Gama Karla , Onakpoya Igho J. , Coronado Daza Jorge , Perera Rafael , Heneghan Carl J. 
Published: June 2022

Background
The optimal time for initiation of dialysis and which modality to choose as the starting therapy is currently unclear. This systematic review aimed to assess the recommendations across high-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) related to the start of dialysis.

Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and databases of organisations that develop CPGs between September 2008 to August 2021 for CPGs that addressed recommendations on the timing of initiation of dialysis, selection of dialysis modality, and interventions to support the decision-making process to select a dialysis modality. We used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument to assess the methodological quality of the CPGs and included only high-quality CPGs. This study is registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42018110325.

Results
We included 12 high-quality CPGs. Six CPGs addressed recommendations related to the timing of initiating dialysis, and all agreed on starting dialysis in the presence of symptoms or signs. Six CPGs addressed recommendations related to the selection of modality but varied greatly in their content. Nine CPGs addressed recommendations related to interventions to support the decision-making process. Eight CPGs agreed on recommended educational programs that include information about dialysis options. One CPG considered using patient decision aids a strong recommendation.

Limitations
We could have missed potentially relevant guidelines since we limited our search to CPGs published from 2008, and we set up a cut-off point of 60% in domains of the rigour of development and editorial independence.

Conclusion
High-quality CPGs related to the process of starting dialysis were consistent in initiating dialysis in the presence of symptoms or signs and offering patients education at the point of decision-making. There was variability in how CPGs addressed the issue of dialysis modality selection. CPGs should improve strategies on putting recommendations into practice and the quality of evidence to aid decision-making for patients.

Registration
The protocol of this systematic review has been registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number: CRD CRD42018110325.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/CRD42018110325.
Evaluation of the Amharic version of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy in Ethiopia
Authors: Olani Ararso Baru , Bekelcho Tariku , Woldemeskel Asfawosen , Tefera Kibreyesus , Eyob Degefe 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundUnplanned pregnancy is an important public health problem in both the developing and developed world, as it may cause adverse social and health outcomes for mothers, children, and families as a whole. London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) has been formally and informally validated in multiple and diverse settings. However, there is a dearth of literature on the validation of LMUP in Ethiopia either in the Amharic version or other languages.ObjectiveThe general objective of this study was to translate the LMUP into Amharic and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Amharic-speaking women receiving antenatal care (ANC) service at public health facilities in Arbaminch and Birbir towns.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used for the study. Forward and backward translation of original English LMUP to Amharic was done. A cognitive interview using a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, inter-item correlations, and corrected item-total correlations while construct validity was assessed using principal components analysis and hypothesis testing.ResultsData was collected from 320 women attending antennal care services at selected public health care facilities. LMUP range of 1to 11 was captured. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was 19(5.9%), while 136(42.5 were ambivalent and 165(51.6%) were planned pregnancies. The reliability testing demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.799) and the validity testing confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale. In addition, all hypotheses were confirmed.ConclusionsAmharic version of LMUP is a valid and reliable tool to measure pregnancy intention so that it can be used by Amharic speaking population in Ethiopia. It can also be used in research studies among Amharic-speaking women to measure unplanned pregnancy.
Journalism Research That Matters, Valérie Bélair-Gagnon and Nikki Usher (Eds) (2021)
Authors: Hirst Martin 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Journalism Research That Matters, Valérie Bélair-Gagnon and Nikki Usher (Eds) (2021)
New York: Oxford University Press, 272 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19753-847-0, h/bk, $177.87
ISBN 978-0-19753-848-7, p/bk, $48.01
ISBN 978-0-19753-847-0, e-book, $26.13
Disrupting Investigative Journalism: Moment of Death or Dramatic Rebirth?, Amanda Gearing (2021)
Authors: Harkin Janet M. 
Published: June 2022

Review of: Disrupting Investigative Journalism: Moment of Death or Dramatic Rebirth?, Amanda Gearing (2021)
Oxford: Routledge Focus, 138 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36769-001-4, h/bk, $75.99
ISBN 978-1-00313-998-0, e/bk, $26.39
Infección del sitio quirúrgico tras cirugía craneal. Análisis de los factores de riesgo
Authors: Chisbert Genovés María Pilar , Mármol López María Isabel , Moreno Oliveras Luis , Vidagany Espert María Sales , Íñigo Clarí Salvador , Piquer Belloch José 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de infección superficial de la herida quirúrgica en los pacientes intervenidos de cirugía craneal y analizar los factores de riesgo intrínsecos y extrínsecos.Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Universitario de La Ribera (Alzira, Valencia) que abarcó el periodo 2005-2015, donde se incluyeron todos los enfermos que habían sido intervenidos de cirugía craneal y que desarrollaron infección superficial de la herida quirúrgica hasta un año después de la intervención. Se excluyeron los pacientes intervenidos mediante abordaje transesfenoidal y cirugía de la hidrocefalia.Resultados: De un total de 870 craneotomías realizadas en 710 pacientes, 14 presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) en un tiempo medio de 66,4 días, lo que supone una incidencia acumulada de infección del 1,6%. Destacan factores como el rasurado en Sala de Hospitalización 12 horas previas a la cirugía (85,7%) y la fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo (28,57%). En relación a la evolución del paciente, fueron variables estadísticamente significativas la obesidad (p=0,047; OR=2,15) y las infecciones coexistentes (p=0,011; OR=4,00). La cirugía urgente presenta casi el doble de probabilidad de ser una cirugía contaminada (p=0,049; OR=1,70). Hubo extensión profunda afectando al hueso o cavidad intracraneal en un porcentaje alto de casos (92,8%), que motivó que la mortalidad global de la serie fuera muy elevada 3/14 (21,4%).Conclusión: La obesidad en el paciente sometido a cirugía craneal causa el doble de probabilidad de exitus por ISQ. Y la presencia de infecciones coexistentes provoca cuatro veces más riesgo.
Comparative Performance of 14 HCC Prediction Models in CHB: A Dynamic Validation at Serial On-Treatment Timepoints
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Zhou Jialing , Wu Xiaoning , Sun Yameng , Wang Bingqiong , Kong Yuanyuan , Zhan Siyan , Jia Jidong , Yang Hwai-I , You Hong 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
To assess comparative performance of 14 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients using on-treatment values at different timepoints.

METHODS:
Based on a nationwide prospective cohort of 986 treatment-naive CHB patients undergoing entecavir therapy with every 26-week follow-up, 14 HCC risk scores were calculated using on-treatment values at week 26, 52, 78, and 104, respectively. Model performance predicting 3-year HCC was assessed using time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration index. Model cutoffs were validated through common diagnostic accuracy measures.

RESULTS:
During median 4.7-year follow-up, 56 (7.5%) developed HCC. Discrimination using on-treatment values within first 2 years was generally acceptable for most models (AUCs ranging from 0.68 to 0.81), except for REACH-B, NGM-HCC, and PAGE-B, although AUCs slightly decreased from week 26 to 104. Of these, REAL-B, CAMD, GAG-HCC, AASL-HCC, LSM-HCC, mPAGE-B, and mREACH-BII showed highest discrimination with AUCs ranging from 0.76 to 0.81, 0.72 to 0.76, 0.70 to 0.76, and 0.71 to 0.74 when reassessment at week 26, 52, 78, and 104, respectively. With reassessment within first 2 years, both REAL-B and CAMD calibrated well (Brier score ranging from 0.037 to 0.052). Of 9 models reporting cutoffs, REAL-B, AASL-HCC, and mPAGE-B using on-treatment values could identify 30%–40% of patients as low risk with minimal HCC incidence in the low-risk group (0.40% [REAL-B]–1.56% [mPAGE-B]).

DISCUSSION:
In this undergoing antiviral treatment CHB cohort, most HCC prediction models performed well even using on-treatment values during first 2 years, particularly REAL-B, AASL-HCC, CAMD, and mPAGE-B model.
Incidence of Hepatitis E Infection in American Patients With Suspected Drug-Induced Liver Injury Is Low and Declining: The DILIN Prospective Study
Authors: Fontana Robert John , Engle Ronald E. , Hayashi Paul H. , Gu Jiezhun , Kleiner David E. , Nguyen Hahn , Barnhart Huiman , Hoofnagle Jay H. , Farci Patrizia 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection rarely causes icteric hepatitis, yet 10%–40% of adult Americans have serological evidence of previous infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, presentation, and outcome of acute and previous HEV infection in a large cohort of patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

METHODS:
Serum samples from 2012 patients enrolled in the DILI Network were tested for anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG). Those with detectable anti-HEV IgG underwent testing for anti-HEV IgM; those with detectable anti-HEV immunoglobulin m (IgM) were tested for HEV RNA.

RESULTS:
Anti-HEV IgG was detected in 407 (20%) patients and associated with increasing subject age and earlier year of enrollment. The median age of seropositive subjects was more than a decade higher than seronegative subjects (59.8 vs 48.7 years). The overall prevalence of anti-HEV declined from 22% (2004–2011) to 18% (2012–2019), suggestive of a cohort effect. The frequency of acute hepatitis E (median ALT = 1231 IU/L) also decreased from 3% (2004–2008) to 1.2% (2009–2013) to 0.6% (2014–2019). These results suggest that acute HEV infection is usually subclinical and was much more frequent in this cohort before 2004.

DISCUSSION:
Acute HEV infection accounts for less than 1% of suspected American DILI cases and is more frequent in older men. Previous HEV infection is also most commonly seen in older individuals. Clinicians should consider testing for unsuspected acute HEV infection in older adult patients with acute hepatocellular DILI and jaundice.