bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of conventional multilevel brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome surgery on clinical and videofluoroscopic evidence of hiatal herniation and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Marks Stanley L. , Pollard Rachel , Balsa Ingrid M. , Culp William T. N. , Giuffrida Michelle A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of conventional multilevel surgery (CMS) for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) on associated sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) and/or gastroesophageal reflux (GER).Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsSixteen client‐owned dogs with clinical signs consistent with BOAS and associated SHH and GER.MethodsAll dogs were treated with 1 or more components of CMS including soft palate resection, laryngeal ventriculectomy, and alaplasty. A standardized Dog Swallowing Assessment Tool (Dog SAT) questionnaire was completed by owners preoperatively and postoperatively. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) were used to evaluate esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal herniation preoperatively, and in a subset of dogs postoperatively. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic studies were performed to document esophagitis and lower esophageal sphincter pathology.ResultsAll dogs were discharged from the hospital. One dog experienced aspiration pneumonia immediately postoperatively. Owner‐assigned clinical scores improved in scores related to regurgitation after eating and regurgitation (P = .012) during increased activity/exercise (P = .002) between preoperative and postoperative time points. However, no improvement was detected in masked assessment of preoperative and postoperative VFSS studies in terms of GER frequency (P = .46) or severity (P = .79), SHH frequency (P = .082) or severity (P = .34) scores.ConclusionOwners of dogs treated with CMS perceived an improvement in clinical signs of SHH and GER that was not confirmed by VFSS studies.Clinical significanceConventional multilevel surgery in dogs with BOAS does not appear to consistently resolve SHH and GER, although clinical signs may improve.
A Comparison of Finite Element Computations and an Analytical Approach for Determining Hull-Induced Underwater-Radiated Noise
Authors: Andresen-Paulsen Gyde , von Bock und Polach Rüdiger Ulrich Franz , Donderer Matthias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Underwater-radiated noise (URN) of shipping significantly affects marine wildlife and can be a substantial but unwanted signature. Structure- and air-borne noise induced by motions of the main engine lead to a vibrating ship hull that radiates underwater sound. However, until today it is not yet fully understood which structural parameters influence the hull-induced underwater noise radiation, and to what extent. Acoustic tests suffer from long lead times and require high effort, i.e., cost-intensive measuring systems and high personnel costs for setting up and conducting measurements, filtering out background noises, etc. Additionally, they are not well-suited for systematic studies, e.g., for varying geometry parameters. Numerical simulations can serve as a cost-efficient and versatile alternative but their validation is impeded by a lack of available and suitable experimental data. Here, a first step is presented towards validated numerical simulations for investigating the impact of each structural parameter as well as their coupling to URN. Finite element simulations are conducted comparing results with an analytical solution for underwater sound radiation of an infinite plate. The simulations show a good agreement with the analytical solution. Nonetheless, the degree of agreement between the two approaches depends significantly on the boundary conditions as well as on the setup of the numerical model. The analytical solution is valid for an infinite plate and an unconfined fluid domain, by setting boundary conditions in a numerical model these assumptions can be included. Based on the validated numerical model of an infinite plate, a bottom-up approach can be applied, for further investigations of various parameters of more complex structures regarding their influence on URN.
Numerical Investigation of Flow in Porous Media Around a Mono-Pile Under Steady Current
Authors: Zhai Yanyan , Christensen Erik Damgaard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study numerically investigates the three-dimensional (3D) flow features around a mono-pile with scour protection under steady flow condition. A hydrodynamic model based on Volume-averaged Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (VARANS) equations with the Volume-averaged k-ω turbulence closure is developed, which is implemented in OpenFOAM. The numerical model is firstly verified against experiments and known analytical/empirical expressions by simulating simple turbulent flows. Under the steady current, a 3D model using a parabolic transition near the interface is validated against experimental measurements regarding the flow features both inside and outside of the scour protection around a mono-pile. The computed results are reasonably in line with the experiments. The simulations demonstrate the ability of the developed model to evaluate the flow behaviors in scour protection.
Stochastic Weather Window Analysis in Operations and Maintenance Planning Policies for Offshore Floating Multi-Purpose Platforms
Authors: Heo Taemin , Liu Ding Peng , Manuel Lance 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an emerging “blue economy,” large multipurpose floating platforms in the open ocean could possibly support a range of activities including energy generation, aquaculture, seabed mining, transport, tourism, and sea-based laboratories. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework is developed to deal with operations and maintenance issues that are inevitable; challenges arise from the complex stochastic weather conditions that need to be accounted for. Using data as well as contrasting synthetic simulations of relevant weather variables, we demonstrate the robustness/versatility of the MDP model.
CFD Prediction and Validation for the Maneuverability of a Damaged Ship
Authors: Luo Rui , Dong Kai , Liu Liwei , Wang Xianzhou 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study performed direct simulations of turning circle and zigzag tests of a surface combatant ONR tumblehome model with a damaged bow compartment, using an in-house viscous RANS code. The overset grid approach was applied and the 6DOF equation of rigid body was solved to predict the motions of free-running ship in self-propulsion and maneuvering processes. Firstly, the self-propulsion simulations of intact and damaged conditions were conducted, and the propeller revolution rate was validated by comparing with the corresponding experiment data. Afterwards, the turning and zigzag tests of intact/damaged ship with same Froude number were simulated numerically, and the results of maneuvering criteria were compared with the available experimental data, which showed good matches with each other. This demonstrated that the direct simulations for free-running ship maneuver utilizing present numerical methods are feasible and reliable. The maneuvering criteria of intact and damaged conditions were compared with each other, which aimed to evaluate the effects of damaged compartment on the ship maneuverability. Meantime, the free surface near the damaged compartment were focused, which were used to present the flow communication between ship and environment.
Study on the Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Submarine in the Density Stratified Flow
Authors: Dong Guohua , Yao Chaobang , Feng Dakui , Zhou Guangli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to the difference in temperature and salinity, density stratification exist in the actual ocean environment. Under this situation, any disturbance may excite internal waves. In the density stratified flow, the safe operation of a submarine will be influenced by internal waves. In recent years, more and more researchers had paid attention to this issue.
This paper takes the SUBOFF submarine model as the research object. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to investigate the flow field and the hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine. Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is used to simulate the wake fields of submarine traveling in the stratified fluids. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to capture the body-generated internal wave. Uncertainty analysis of grid size and time step are carried out to obtain the convergent results. The effects of the distances from the internal interfaces and density of stratified fluid on the wave pattern of SUBOFF are investigated in detail. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine were obtained through the plane motion mechanism (PMM) in virtual tank taking the effect of density stratification into consideration. Forced motion of SUBOFF is numerically simulated by combining DFBI method and overset grid technology. By comparing the hydrodynamic coefficients of the submarine under different densities and depths, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the submarine in density stratified flow are discussed.
2D Discrete Module Beam (DMB) Method Formulation to Simulate Hydro-Elastic Structures With Two Horizontal Bending Axes
Authors: P. Bakti Farid , Jin Chungkuk , Kim Moo-Hyun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The 1D Discrete Module Beam (DMB) discretize hydro-elastic body into multiple independent rigid bodies (modules) connected by beam elements. The technique has proven accurate in representing structures with a large length-to-breadth ratio (L/B), such as floating bridge, barge, and ship structures. Only one horizontal bending axes are typically considered for such structures. Bending stiffness in the other horizontal axis is considered stiff and consequently treated as rigid. However, this assumption is not satisfied for structures with L/B closer to one. This study aims to extend the 1D DMB method into the 2D DMB method in the frequency domain to simulate hydro-elastic structures with two horizontal bending axes by arranging the beam elements into grid-like configurations in both horizontal axes (x and y). The method is then validated through comparisons with published experimental results and other numerical methods for various sea states. The method’s versatility is then demonstrated by incorporating linearized mooring stiffness in the frequency domain, which consequently changes the structures’ hydrodynamic response. It is found that for freely floating bodies, the centerline deformation of both the 1D and 2D DMB methods is the same. However, the 1D DMB method cannot properly capture the breadth-wise elastic-deformation in oblique waves and the moored case. In those cases, the 2D DMB formulation becomes particularly important. The presented 2D DMB method is projected to be a practical tool to simulate floating structures with unconventional configurations such as floating solar panels and other very large floating structures.
Propulsive Performance of a Novel Crescent-Shaped Wind Sail Analyzed With Unsteady RANS
Authors: Zhu Heng , Nikmanesh Melisa Begüm , Yao Hua-Dong , Ramne Bengt , Ringsberg Jonas W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of wind-assisted ship propulsion is regarded as one of the effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents a numerical analysis of the aerodynamics of a single rigid wind sail using URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations). A new foil profile, the crescent-shaped foil, is proposed and then, compared with the classical profile NACA 0015. Both 2D and 3D simulations are conducted. The key physical quantities of interest are detailly discussed, such as the external loads on the sail, the induced flow field, as well as the propulsive performance. It is concluded that the wind sail with the crescent-shaped section has higher propulsion efficiency than that with NACA0015. However, flow separation is found for the former section. As the separation deteriorates the flow unsteadiness, this effect poses a challenge to the strength and stability of the wind sail structure. Moreover, the 3D simulations of both profiles, especially NACA 0015, show that the tip vortices induced from the sail side edge account for significant negative impacts on the propulsion performance.
Use of a Linear Discretization of the Velocity Potential in the Frequency-Domain Linear Potential Flow Theory
Authors: Wuillaume Pierre-Yves , Letournel Lucas , Rongère François , Chauvigné Camille 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the use of a linear discretization of the velocity potential in a frequency-domain potential flow based solver. The velocity potential is assumed to vary linearly over each panel. This approach differs from the Constant Panel Method (CPM), classically used in diffraction-radiation codes. The linear discretization is studied as a possible interesting strategy in terms of accuracy and CPU time.
The first goal of this study is the presentation of the impact of the linear discretization in the equations of the potential flow theory. The second goal is the quantification of its interest in terms of accuracy and CPU time compared to the Constant Panel Method.
Advanced Methods for Partitioned Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations Applied to Ship Propellers
Authors: Lund Jorrid , Ferreira González Daniel , Radtke Lars , Abdel-Maksoud Moustafa , Düster Alexander 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In naval architecture, fluid-structure interaction is highly important for many applications. The accurate and fast computation of fluid-structure interaction problems is for this reason a major challenge for a simulation engineer working on flexible structures interacting with water and wind.
For ship propellers, steel and metal alloy have long been the dominating choice of material. With the advancement in the development of fiber-reinforced polymers such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers the consideration of fluid-structure interaction for ship propellers becomes increasingly important.
This work presents a partitioned coupled solution approach for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems on the example of a large ship propeller. The in-house developed software library comana is used as coupling manager together with the commercial finite element software ANSYS as structural solver and the boundary element method code panMARE as fluid solver. comana offers the possibility to couple a number of existing and highly specialized solvers to solve multifield problems.
For partitioned coupled fluid-structure interaction problems the increased computational effort due to the necessary coupling iterations and possible instabilities due to the partitioned coupling should be reduced by suitable predictor and convergence acceleration methods. For convergence acceleration, the Aitken method is one of the most common choices even though Quasi-Newton methods such as the Quasi-Newton least-squares method show promising results for the acceleration of fluid-structure interaction simulations.
The simulation of the dynamic structural behaviour of a ship propeller is introduced and the advantages and disadvantages of the partitioned fluid-structure interaction simulation approach are shown. Predictor and convergence acceleration schemes to improve the solution process are discussed and results for flexible ship propellers are presented.
Combination of the STING Agonist MIW815 (ADU-S100) and PD-1 Inhibitor Spartalizumab in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase Ib Study
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Sweis Randy F. , Kasper Stefan , Hamid Omid , Bhatia Shailender , Dummer Reinhard , Stradella Agostina , Long Georgina V. , Spreafico Anna , Shimizu Toshio , Steeghs Neeltje , Luke Jason J. , McWhirter Sarah M. , Müller Thomas , Nair Nitya , Lewis Nancy , Chen Xinhui , Bean Andrew , Kattenhorn Lisa , Pelletier Marc , Sandhu Shahneen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is a transmembrane protein that plays a role in the immune response to tumors. Single-agent STING agonist MIW815 (ADU-S100) has demonstrated immune activation but limited antitumor activity. This phase Ib, multicenter, dose-escalation study assessed the safety and tolerability of MIW815 plus spartalizumab (PDR001), a humanized IgG4 antibody against PD-1, in 106 patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas.

Patients and Methods:
Patients were treated with weekly intratumoral injections of MIW815 (50–3,200 μg) on a 3-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule or once every 4 weeks, plus a fixed dose of spartalizumab (400 mg) intravenously every 4 weeks.

Results:
Common adverse events were pyrexia (n = 23; 22%), injection site pain (n = 21; 20%), and diarrhea (n = 12; 11%). Overall response rate was 10.4%. The MTD was not reached. Pharmacodynamic biomarker analysis demonstrated on-target activity.

Conclusions:
The combination of MIW815 and spartalizumab was well tolerated in patients with advanced/metastatic cancers, including in patients with anti-PD-1 refractory disease. Minimal antitumor responses were seen.
The Next Generation of KRAS Targeting: Reasons for Excitement and Concern
Authors: Akhave Neal S. , Biter Amadeo B. , Hong David S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of selective KRASG12C inhibitors that directly inhibit KRAS, an oncogene historically thought to be “undruggable,” represents a watershed moment in oncology and developmental therapeutics. Now, as KRAS-targeted therapy moves into its second phase, there is significant excitement and anticipation for durable disease control in tumor types where options remain limited, with clinical trials testing combination therapies, indirect pan-RAS/MAP kinase pathway inhibitors, and active-state RAS(on) inhibitors.
However, there is also reason for caution regarding the safety and tolerability of expanded RAS inhibition. This is evidenced by the intolerability of some combination therapies with selective KRASG12C inhibitors and foreshadowed by prior failures of combination therapies in other oncogene-driven tumors.
Herein, we review the landscape of and outlook for KRAS-targeted therapies. We specifically focus upon strategies to combat resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies, and discuss the possibility of off-target or unanticipated on-target effects that may limit clinical use.
Beyond Backpropagation: Bilevel Optimization Through Implicit Differentiation and Equilibrium Propagation
Authors: Zucchet Nicolas , Sacramento João 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This review examines gradient-based techniques to solve bilevel optimization problems. Bilevel optimization extends the loss minimization framework underlying statistical learning to systems that are implicitly defined through a quantity they minimize. This characterization can be applied to neural networks, optimizers, algorithmic solvers, and even physical systems and allows for greater modeling flexibility compared to the usual explicit definition of such systems. We focus on solving learning problems of this kind through gradient descent, leveraging the toolbox of implicit differentiation and, for the first time applied to this setting, the equilibrium propagation theorem. We present the mathematical foundations behind such methods, introduce the gradient estimation algorithms in detail, and compare the competitive advantages of the different approaches.
School-based cognitive behavioural intervention programme for addressing anxiety in 10- to 11-year-olds using short classroom activities in Japan: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Urao Yuko , Yoshida Michiko , Sato Yasunori , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several school-based cognitive behavioural intervention programmes have been developed in Japan to prevent and improve children’s anxiety disorders, the substantial time required for their completion remains a problem.MethodsA brief version of the cognitive behavioural programme called ‘Journey of the Brave’, developed for Japanese children was conducted among 90 children aged 10‒11 years using 20-min short classroom activities, and its effectiveness was examined. The children were divided into two groups: the intervention (n = 31) and control groups (n = 59). The control group did not attend any programme sessions and followed regular school curriculum. We conducted 14 weekly programme sessions and assessed children at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2-month follow-up (6 months after the beginning). The primary and secondary outcome measures were the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) to assess children’s anxiety symptoms and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure behaviour problems, respectively.ResultsA statistically significant reduction in the SCAS score in the intervention group was found at 2-month follow-up compared with the control group. A significant reduction was also observed in the SDQ score.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that the ‘Journey of the Brave’ programme, which requires only 5 h of short classroom activities, demonstrates promising results compared with previous programmes. A larger randomised control trial would be desirable.Trial registrationUMIN, UMIN000009021, Registered 10 March 2012.
Oral presentation assessment and image reading behaviour on brain computed tomography reading in novice clinical learners: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Liu Chi-Hung , Hung June , Chang Chun-Wei , Lin John J. H. , Huang Elaine Shinwei , Wang Shu-Ling , Lee Li-Ang , Hsiao Cheng-Ting , Sung Pi-Shan , Chao Yi-Ping , Chang Yeu-Jhy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To study whether oral presentation (OP) assessment could reflect the novice learners’ interpretation skills and reading behaviour on brain computed tomography (CT) reading.

Methods
Eighty fifth-year medical students were recruited, received a 2-hour interactive workshop on how to read brain CT, and were assigned to read two brain CT images before and after instruction. We evaluated their image reading behaviour in terms of overall OP post-test rating, the lesion identification, and competency in systematic image reading after instruction. Students’ reading behaviour in searching for the target lesions were recorded by the eye-tracking technique and were used to validate the accuracy of lesion reports. Statistical analyses, including lag sequential analysis (LSA), linear mixed models, and transition entropy (TE) were conducted to reveal temporal relations and spatial complexity of systematic image reading from the eye movement perspective.

Results
The overall OP ratings [pre-test vs. post-test: 0 vs. 1 in case 1, 0 vs. 1 in case 2, p < 0.001] improved after instruction. Both the scores of systematic OP ratings [0 vs.1 in both cases, p < 0.001] and eye-tracking studies (Case 1: 3.42 ± 0.62 and 3.67 ± 0.37 in TE, p = 0.001; Case 2: 3.42 ± 0.76 and 3.75 ± 0.37 in TE, p = 0.002) showed that the image reading behaviour changed before and after instruction. The results of linear mixed models suggested a significant interaction between instruction and area of interests for case 1 (p < 0.001) and case 2 (p = 0.004). Visual attention to the target lesions in the case 1 assessed by dwell time were 506.50 ± 509.06 and 374.38 ± 464.68 milliseconds before and after instruction (p = 0.02). However, the dwell times in the case 2, the fixation counts and the frequencies of accurate lesion diagnoses in both cases did not change after instruction.

Conclusion
Our results showed OP performance may change concurrently with the medical students’ reading behaviour on brain CT after a structured instruction.