bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentiment analysis by using Naïve‐Bayes classifier with stacked CARU
Authors: Chan Ka‐Hou , Im Sio‐Kei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA long sequence always contains long‐term dependency problems, which leads to paragraph‐based sentiment analysis being a very challenging task and difficult to evaluate by using a simple RNN network. It is proposed in this letter to use a stacked CARU network to extract the main information in a paragraph. The resulting network also points out how to use a CNN‐based extractor to explore complete passages and capture useful features in their hidden state. In particular, instead of using the Softmax function, the Naïve‐Bayes classifier is connected to the end of the CNN‐based extractor. The proposed models also take into account the conditional independence of the observed results under the hidden variables, which aims to project features into a probability distribution appreciated for its simplicity and interpretability. The advantages of these models in sentiment analysis are empirically investigated by combining the usual classifiers with the results of GloVe embedding on the SST‐5 and IMDB datasets.
Five‐way radial filtering power divider using single‐layer substrate integrated waveguides and microstrip resonators
Authors: Chen Shoulei , Qi Shishan , Chen Xing , Sun Guangchao , Wu Wen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a five‐way radial filtering power divider based on single‐layer substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) and microstrip resonators. The SIW circular cavity and the quarter‐mode SIW are connected in the radial direction, and microstrip resonators are added at the connection to form a hybrid structure, the design of which makes the structure more compact and can provide adjustable band‐pass filter response. A prototype was manufactured. The final measurement results show that the insertion loss is 1–1.5 dB, the 3 dB fractional bandwidth is 6.5%, the out‐of‐band rejection is greater than 32 dB from 10.2 to 19.5 GHz, and the out‐of‐band rejection at frequency below 8.3 GHz is greater than 37 dB. The amplitude difference and phase difference of each output port are 0.5 dB and 0.25°, respectively.
Management of Pathologic Fractures around the Knee: Part 1—Distal Femur
Authors: Martin John R. , Auran Richard L. , Duran Michael D. , Comas Amalia M. de , Jacofsky David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPathologic fractures secondary to metastatic disease are an increasingly prevalent problem. Such patients require multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize clinical outcomes. An established algorithm for clinical, laboratory, and radiographic work-up will ensure that each patient achieves the best outcome while avoiding catastrophic complications. Metastatic disease to the region of the knee is less commonly encountered than in other regions of the body, but it presents unique difficulties that merit discussion. Part one of this two-part article series will discuss the appropriate work-up of patients with suspected or impending pathologic fracture of the distal femur, highlight biopsy principles, address perioperative nonsurgical treatments that will optimize patient outcomes, and discuss available surgical treatment modalities.
Auditory Neuropathy: Case Study with Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Simmons Jeffrey L. , Beauchaine Kathryn Laudin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAuditory neuropathy (AN) has been described in the literature as presenting with a combination of audiometric findings that include elevated behavioral audiometric thresholds, auditory brainstem response findings that are not consistent with audiometric findings, poor speech recognition, and present otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or cochlear microphonics. Since the availability of clinical OAE testing, AN has come to be identified with increasing frequency; however, incidence and prevalence figures are unavailable. There is a great deal of discussion about the accurate diagnosis of AN, its characteristics, and its treatment. Some of this discussion is occurring on the Internet and over the telephones. The need to continue to provide information in accessible peer-reviewed journals is paramount. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented of a boy who was diagnosed with AN as a newborn. He experienced hyperbilirubinemia and other neonatal health complications. His educational intervention was managed elsewhere until recently. Information is presented about the progression of the case over a 5–year period that includes audiologic data and communication development results.
Abbreviations: AN = auditory neuropathy, CI = cochlear implant, CM = cochlear microphonic, DPOAE = distortion product otoacoustic emissions, DSL = Desired Sensation Level, IHC = inner hair cell, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, OAE = otoacoustic emission, OHC = outer hair cell, SS = standard scores, TC = total communication
rDNA array length is a major determinant of replicative lifespan in budding yeast
Authors: Hotz Manuel , Thayer Nathaniel H. , Hendrickson David G. , Schinski Elizabeth L. , Xu Jun , Gottschling Daniel E. 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceGenes encoding ribosomal RNA (rDNA) are organized into a repetitive array in eukaryotic genomes. The copy number of these genes often varies and is responsive to genetics and environment. Here, we show that variation in copy number at the rDNA locus is capable of altering replicative lifespan in yeast. These results indicate that considering rDNA copy number, and conditions that could potentially change this dynamic chromosome locus, is critical for evaluating lifespan. We propose that this rDNA locus represents the kind of repeated element in eukaryotic genomes that escapes easy detection, yet has phenotypic consequences, in this case lifespan.
Understanding the mediation of dialectal value
Authors: Jiang Jing , Wang Kefei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDialect, when viewed in contrast with standard language, creates a variety of geographical or social implications. This variety may be hybridized with other social voices to convey the theme of the text. Previous studies have elaborated much on the representation of the socio-cultural connotations in dialectal speech. However, the value of dialect may not be confined only to its socio-cultural connotations. Drawing on insights from sociolinguistics and systemic functional linguistics, this study aims to uncover the representation of the English dialect ofPygmalionin its Chinese translations and the possible reasons why it is represented as such in the Chinese context. By quantifying the shifts in Eliza Doolittle’s dialect voice, the analysis shows that a local variety or varieties of colloquial register were adopted to recreate the dialectal variety in Chinese translations ofPygmalion. The local variety provides a better interpretation of the functions and stylistic significance of the source dialect. The recreation of the source dialect in the translated texts ofPygmalionresults from the mediation of the translator’s positioning and what has been established by the receptor system’s literary conventions, social hierarchy, language ideologies, and the roles of literary translation.
World’s First Destination Loyalty Programme – Will It Work?
Authors: Nautiyal Rajesh , Shaheer Ismail 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Maldives launched the first nationwide destination loyalty programme in 2020 named ‘Maldives Border Miles’, officially implemented on 1st January 2021. This case study proposes a framework that can be useful to assess destination loyalty programmes. It further explores the potential success factors of the Maldives Border Miles. The analysis indicates that visitor and destination factors can make Maldives Border Miles successful, but the current loyalty programme structure and reward factors may not entice repeat visits.

Information

© Rajesh Nautiyal and Dr Ismail Shaheer 2022
Multicomponent scalar dark matter at high-intensity proton beam experiments
Authors: Betancur Amalia , Castillo Andrés , Palacio Guillermo , Suarez Juan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study a scalar dark matter (DM) model with two DM species coupled to the standard model (SM) particles via a sub-GeV dark photon. In this model, we find that DM conversion occurs through the dark photon and it plays a fundamental role in setting the observed relic abundance. Furthermore, the two DM candidates can be produced at fixed-target experiments a la beam-dump. Detailed predictions for signal and backgrounds are obtained with the help of MadDump and NuWro Monte Carlo generators. We explore the potential reach on the sensitivity of DUNE near detector and SHiP experiment, and we find that portions of the parameter space will be within reach of the two experiments.
Roadmap: helium ion therapy
Authors: Mairani Andrea , Mein Stewart , Blakely Eleanor , Debus Jürgen , Durante Marco , Ferrari Alfredo , Fuchs Hermann , Georg Dietmar , Grosshans David R , Guan Fada , Haberer Thomas , Harrabi Semi , Horst Felix , Inaniwa Taku , Karger Christian P , Mohan Radhe , Paganetti Harald , Parodi Katia , Sala Paola , Schuy Christoph , Tessonnier Thomas , Titt Uwe , Weber Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Helium ion beam therapy for the treatment of cancer was one of several developed and studied particle treatments in the 1950s, leading to clinical trials beginning in 1975 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The trial shutdown was followed by decades of research and clinical silence on the topic while proton and carbon ion therapy made debuts at research facilities and academic hospitals worldwide. The lack of progression in understanding the principle facets of helium ion beam therapy in terms of physics, biological and clinical findings persists today, mainly attributable to its highly limited availability. Despite this major setback, there is an increasing focus on evaluating and establishing clinical and research programs using helium ion beams, with both therapy and imaging initiatives to supplement the clinical palette of radiotherapy in the treatment of aggressive disease and sensitive clinical cases. Moreover, due its intermediate physical and radio-biological properties between proton and carbon ion beams, helium ions may provide a streamlined economic steppingstone towards an era of widespread use of different particle species in light and heavy ion therapy. With respect to the clinical proton beams, helium ions exhibit superior physical properties such as reduced lateral scattering and range straggling with higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and dose-weighted linear energy transfer (LETd) ranging from ∼4 keV μm−1 to ∼40 keV μm−1. In the frame of heavy ion therapy using carbon, oxygen or neon ions, where LETd increases beyond 100 keV μm−1, helium ions exhibit similar physical attributes such as a sharp lateral penumbra, however, with reduced radio-biological uncertainties and without potentially spoiling dose distributions due to excess fragmentation of heavier ion beams, particularly for higher penetration depths. This roadmap presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art and future directions of helium ion therapy: understanding physics and improving modeling, understanding biology and improving modeling, imaging techniques using helium ions and refining and establishing clinical approaches and aims from learned experience with protons. These topics are organized and presented into three main sections, outlining current and future tasks in establishing clinical and research programs using helium ion beams—A. Physics B. Biological and C. Clinical Perspectives.
Design and performance of a compact stick-slip type piezoelectric actuator based on right triangle flexible stator
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Heran , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the field of stick-slip type piezoelectric actuators, the actuator with simple and compact structure has been given significant research and design value. A compact stick-slip piezoelectric actuator based on right triangle flexible stator is proposed and evaluated in this work. The proposed actuator only includes a right triangular type stator inserted with a PZT stack and it has the merit of simple structure. The PZT stack is excited under a sawtooth waveform voltage, and the elongation deformation of the PZT stack makes the driving foot move obliquely due to the right triangular stator. The slider is pressed under the vertical component of the oblique movement, while the slider is actuated under the horizontal component simultaneously. The working principle of the proposed actuator is illustrated by theoretical and simulation methods in detail. The proposed actuator is fabricated and its output characteristics are measured. The experimental results show that the maximum output speed of the developed actuator is 4.6 mm s−1 when the voltage and frequency are 100 V and 720 Hz. It has the merit of simple design and relatively better performance by series of comparisons with some existing works.
Systematic study of α decay half-lives for even–even nuclei within a deformed two-potential approach
Authors: Gui Hai-Feng , Liu Hong-Ming , Wu Xi-Jun , Chu Peng-Cheng , He Biao , Li Xiao-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, we systematically study the α decay half-lives of 196 even–even nuclei using a two-potential approach improved by considering nuclear deformation. The results show that the accuracy of this model has been improved after considering nuclear deformation. In addition, we extend this model to predict the α decay half-lives of Z = 118 and 120 isotopes by inputting the α decay energies extracted from the Weizsacker–Skyrme-type (WS-type) mass model, a simple nuclear mass formula, relativistic continuum Hartree–Bogoliubov theory and Duflo-Zuker-19 (DZ19) mass model. It is useful for identifying the new superheavy elements or isotopes for future experiments. Finally, the predicted α decay energies and half-lives of Z = 118 and 120 isotopes are analyzed, and the shell structure of superheavy nuclei is discussed. It shows that the shell effect is obvious at N = 184, while the shell effect at N = 178 depends on the nuclear mass model.
Evidence of rapid adaptation integrated into projections of temperature-related excess mortality
Authors: Huber Veronika , Peña Ortiz Cristina , Gallego Puyol David , Lange Stefan , Sera Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Few studies have used empirical evidence of past adaptation to project temperature-related excess mortality under climate change. Here, we assess adaptation in future projections of temperature-related excess mortality by employing evidence of shifting minimum mortality temperatures (MMTs) concurrent with climate warming of recent decades. The study is based on daily non-external mortality and daily mean temperature time-series from 11 Spanish cities covering four decades (1978–2017). It employs distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) to describe temperature-mortality associations, and multivariate mixed-effect meta-regression models to derive city- and subperiod-specific MMTs, and subsequently MMT associations with climatic indicators. We use temperature projections for one low- and one high-emission scenario (ssp126, ssp370) derived from five global climate models. Our results show that MMTs have closely tracked mean summer temperatures (MSTs) over time and space, with meta-regression models suggesting that the MMTs increased by 0.73 °C (95%CI: 0.65, 0.80) per 1 °C rise in MST over time, and by 0.84 °C (95%CI: 0.76, 0.92) per 1 °C rise in MST across cities. Future projections, which include adaptation by shifting MMTs according to observed temporal changes, result in 63.5% (95%CI: 50.0, 81.2) lower heat-related excess mortality, 63.7% (95%CI: 30.2, 166.7) higher cold-related excess mortality, and 11.2% (95%CI: −5.5, 39.5) lower total temperature-related excess mortality in the 2090s for ssp370 compared to estimates that do not account for adaptation. For ssp126, assumptions on adaptation have a comparatively small impact on excess mortality estimates. Elucidating the adaptive capacities of societies can motivate strengthened efforts to implement specific adaptation measures directed at reducing heat stress under climate change.
Navigating tensions between rapid and just low-carbon transitions
Authors: Newell Peter J , Geels Frank W , Sovacool Benjamin K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this Perspective, we suggest that research on just transitions and energy justice needs to better attend to the increasingly important trade-offs arising from issues related to speed and acceleration of low-carbon transitions. We identify and elaborate two important tensions that policymakers face when they want to simultaneously achieve both just and rapid low-carbon transitions. First, the way in which participatory processes may increase justice but slow the speed of action; and second the way in which incumbent mobilization can accelerate transitions but entrench injustices. Such an analysis shifts the focus from mapping justice dimensions to acknowledging the inevitable trade-offs and winners and losers produced by transition processes as a first step to better navigating them.
Mapping and modeling the impact of climate change on recreational ecosystem services using machine learning and big data
Authors: Manley Kyle , Egoh Benis N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The use of recreational ecosystem services is highly dependent on the surrounding environmental and climate conditions. Due to this dependency, future recreational opportunities provided by nature are at risk from climate change. To understand how climate change will impact recreation we need to understand current recreational patterns, but traditional data is limited and low resolution. Fortunately, social media data presents an opportunity to overcome those data limitations and machine learning offers a tool to effectively use that big data. We use data from the social media site Flickr as a proxy for recreational visitation and random forest to model the relationships between social, environmental, and climate factors and recreation for the peak season (summer) in California. We then use the model to project how non-urban recreation will change as the climate changes. Our model shows that current patterns are exacerbated in the future under climate change, with currently popular summer recreation areas becoming more suitable and unpopular summer recreation areas becoming less suitable for recreation. Our model results have land management implications as recreation regions that see high visitation consequently experience impacts to surrounding ecosystems, ecosystem services, and infrastructure. This information can be used to include climate change impacts into land management plans to more effectively provide sustainable nature recreation opportunities for current and future generations. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that crowdsourced data and machine learning offer opportunities to better integrate socio-ecological systems into climate impacts research and more holistically understand climate change impacts to human well-being.
Non-Markovianity criteria for mixtures of noninvertible Pauli dynamical maps
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analyze the connections between the non-Markovianity degree of the most general phase-damping qubit maps and their legitimate mixtures. Using the results for image non-increasing dynamical maps, we formulate the necessary and sufficient conditions for the Pauli maps to satisfy specific divisibility criteria. Next, we examine how the non-Markovianity properties for (in general noninvertible) Pauli dynamical maps influence the properties of their convex combinations. Our results are illustrated with instructive examples. For P-divisible maps, we propose a legitimate time-local generator whose all decoherence rates are temporarily infinite.
Backflow in relativistic wave equations
Authors: Bialynicki-Birula Iwo , Bialynicka-Birula Zofia , Augustynowicz Szymon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We show that, contrary to the statements made by many authors, the backflow is not a nonclassical effect. The backflow is a characteristic feature of solutions of the wave equations: quantum and classical. We present simple solutions of the Dirac equation, Maxwell equations and equations of linearized gravity where the backflow phenomenon is clearly seen. In this work we describe backflow in relativistic theories but this phenomenon can occur in the solutions of all kinds of wave equations: quantum and classical.
Critical time-dependent branching process modelling epidemic spreading with containment measures*
Authors: Sun Hanlin , Kryven Ivan , Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the COVID pandemic, periods of exponential growth of the disease have been mitigated by containment measures that in different occasions have resulted in a power-law growth of the number of cases. The first observation of such behaviour has been obtained from 2020 late spring data coming from China by Ziff and Ziff in reference Ziff and Ziff (2020 Fractal kinetics of COVID-19 pandemic MedRxiv). After this important observation the power-law scaling (albeit with different exponents) has also been observed in other countries during periods of containment of the spread. Early interpretations of these results suggest that this phenomenon might be due to spatial effects of the spread. Here we show that temporal modulations of infectivity of individuals due to containment measures can also cause power-law growth of the number of cases over time. To this end we propose a stochastic well-mixed susceptible-infected-removed model of epidemic spreading in presence of containment measures resulting in a time dependent infectivity and we explore the statistical properties of the resulting branching process at criticality. We show that at criticality it is possible to observe power-law growth of the number of cases with exponents ranging between one and two. Our asymptotic analytical results are confirmed by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Although these results do not exclude that spatial effects might be important in modulating the power-law growth of the number of cases at criticality, this work shows that even well-mixed populations may already feature non trivial power-law exponents at criticality.
Effects of InGaN-interlayer on closed stripes of GaN grown by serpentine channel patterned sapphire substrate
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saddique Akbar , Lei Menglai , Chen Huanqing , Yu Guo , Lang Rui , Li Shukun , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a widely investigated semiconductor owing to its fascinating features suitable for a plethora of optoelectronic applications; nevertheless, high-quality growth of this material remains a challenge. In this work, the crystal quality of GaN grown by serpentine channel patterned sapphire substrates (SCPSS) is improved via introducing indium gallium nitride (InGaN) as an interlayer (IL). The closed stripes of GaN are grown by the modified design of SCPSS. Our results show that the crystal quality of GaN grown in the form of closed stripes is superior than conventionally grown counterpart. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the design of SCPSS controls all threading dislocations (TDs) while cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis showed that the closed stripes are relaxed and produce many TDs. Therefore, further control over the TDs was achieved by InGaN-IL. During the growth process, the temperature of GaN was reduced and 20 nm thick InGaN-IL was added at 800

°
C
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The detailed characterization of our developed samples indicated that the additional use of InGaN-IL in SCPSS is very effective for improving the crystal quality of GaN. We anticipate that our findings will improve the current understanding about the growth of high-quality GaN towards efficient optoelectronic devices.