bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indole and Coumarin Derivatives Targeting EEF2K in Aβ Folding Reporter Cells
Authors: Chi Shun‐Tzu , Wei Pei‐Cih , Chiu Ya‐Jen , Lin Te‐Hsien , Lin Chih‐Hsin , Chen Chiung‐Mei , Yao Ching‐Fa , Lin Wenwei , Lee‐Chen Guey‐Jen , Chang Kuo‐Hsuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMisfolding and accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) lead to neuronal loss through various mechanisms, including the downregulation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2) protein synthesis signaling. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of indole and coumarin derivatives on Aβ folding and EEF2 signaling using SH‐SY5Y cells expressing Aβ‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) folding reporter. Among the tested compounds, two indole (NC009‐1, ‐6) and two coumarin (LM‐021, ‐036) derivatives effectively reduced Aβ misfolding and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, these compounds decreased acetylcholinesterase and caspase‐3/‐6 activities while promoting neurite outgrowth. NC009‐1 increased active phosphorylation of extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK) (T202/Y204), leading to an increase in inactive eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (EEF2K) phosphorylation (S366). LM‐021 decreased the active phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) (T172) and EEF2K (S398), while LM‐036 exhibited dual effects, increasing inactive phosphorylation and decreasing active phosphorylation of EEF2K. These changes in EEF2K phosphorylation led to decreased EEF2K activity and a subsequent reduction in inactive phosphorylation of EEF2 (T56). This cascade further promoted the phosphorylation of transcription factor cAMP‐response‐element binding protein (CREB) (S133) and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and reduced BCL‐2 associated X‐protein (BAX)/B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) ratio. Knockdown of EEF2 abolished the effects of NC009‐1, LM‐021, and LM‐036 on CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, caspase‐3 activity, and neurite outgrowth. These findings demonstrate that NC009‐1, LM‐021, and LM‐036 exert their neuroprotective effects through modulation of EEF2K signaling, highlighting their potentials as therapeutic candidates for AD.image
Embracing New Love: Why Customers Are Loyal to Plant Extract‐Based Skin‐Care Cosmetics
Authors: Wu I‐Hsuan , Liang Chaoyun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, increases in consumer awareness regarding health and the environment have enhanced their willingness to purchase plant extract‐based skin‐care products. Although the skin‐care product industry has paid increasing attention to consumer behavior in recent years, few studies have investigated customer loyalty to this type of product; in‐depth research is urgently required to fill this gap.AimsThis study investigated Taiwanese skin‐care products derived from plant extracts by identifying the relationships between consumer prior experience, involvement, perceived value, and loyalty. It also examined how demographic characteristics influence consumer loyalty.Patients/MethodsAn online survey yielded 920 valid samples for statistical analysis. Three constructs of involvement, namely product, message, and situational involvement; three constructs of perceived value, namely functional, emotional, and social value; and three constructs of consumer loyalty, namely repurchase intention, willingness to receive information, and willingness to pay, were identified through factor analysis.ResultsThe respondents' perceived value significantly influenced their loyalty toward Taiwanese plant‐extract‐based skin‐care products. The factor with the strongest effect on repurchase intention was emotional value, followed by functional value, product involvement, and social value. The factor with the strongest influence on willingness to receive information and willingness to pay was functional value, followed by product involvement, situational involvement, and emotional value.ConclusionsRespondents with higher educational levels were less likely to repurchase and less willing to receive information on plant extract‐based skin‐care products. Moreover, men were more willing to pay price premiums for these products than were women.
Genetic Causal Association Between Skin Microbiota and Biological Aging: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Ma Liwen , Fan Lipan , Wu Chuyan , Luo Dan , Jiang Feng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe skin microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms residing on the skin, plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health and overall homeostasis. Recent research has suggested that alterations in the composition and function of the skin microbiota may influence the aging process. However, the causal relationships between specific skin microbiota and biological aging remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis provides a powerful tool to explore these causal links by utilizing genetic variants as instrumental variables, thereby minimizing confounding factors and reverse causality that often complicate observational studies.MethodsWe utilized a two‐sample MR approach with population‐based cross‐sectional data from two German cohorts, KORA FF4 (n = 324) and PopGen (n = 273). In total, GWAS summary data from 1656 skin samples and datasets on accelerated biological age were analyzed to investigate the causal relationship between skin microbiota and accelerated biological aging. The primary analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method with random effects and was further supported by MR‐Egger regression, Cochran's Q test, and a range of sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe MR analysis revealed that for biological age acceleration (BioageAccel), the IVW analysis identified protective effects from certain skin microbiota, including Alphaproteobacteria_Dry (p = 0.046), Asv033_sebaceous (p = 0.043), Burkholderiales_Moist (p = 0.008), and Proteobacteria_Moist (p = 0.042). Similar protective effects were observed for Burkholderiales_Moist (p = 0.045) and Proteobacteria_Moist (p = 0.012) in the weighted median analysis. In contrast, Paracoccus_Moist (p = 0.013) and Proteobacteria_Sebaceous (p = 0.005) were associated with accelerated aging. When using PhenoAge acceleration as the outcome, the IVW analysis linked skin microbiota like Asv005_Dry (p = 0.026), ASV039_Dry (p = 0.003), Betaproteobacteria_Sebaceous (p = 0.038), and Chryseobacterium_Moist (p = 0.013) with accelerated aging. The weighted median analysis supported these findings and also identified protective effects from ASV011_Dry (p = 0.021), ASV023_Dry (p = 0.040), Bacteroidales_Dry (p = 0.022), Enhydrobacter_Moist (p = 0.038), Proteobacteria_Moist (p = 0.002), and Rothia_Moist (p = 0.038).ConclusionsThis two‐sample MR study reveals potential causal relationships between skin microbiota and aging. However, to confirm these findings, further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary.
Deepwater Sharks at Their Northern Limits—Distribution, Diet and Trophic Relations
Authors: Sólmundsson Jón , Jakobsdóttir Klara B. , Pétursdóttir Hildur 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDeepwater areas and continental slope regions south and west off Iceland are characterized by a relatively high species diversity and abundance of sharks that likely play a critical ecological role within this ecosystem. The study investigates trophic ecology of the sharks employing stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon. In a standardized groundfish survey in Icelandic waters spanning 28 years, sharks were exclusively caught south of the Greenland–Iceland ridge and west of the Iceland–Faroe ridge, likely due to significantly lower seawater temperatures prevailing north of the ridges. The sharks exhibited a diverse diet primarily comprising secondary, and tertiary consumers, placing them within the lower spectrum of the fourth trophic level with estimated trophic levels ranging from 4.1 to 4.5 depending on the species or method employed. Three distinct feeding categories emerged: the first characterized by a main predation on various fish species, the second involving a specialized predation on mesopelagic fish and the third strategy encompassing a significant feeding on crustaceans. Resource portioning was evident through low to medium diet overlap indices among some of the shark species. Ontogenetic changes were observed in two of the most abundant and data‐rich species, namely the black dogfish (Centroscyllium fabricii) and great lanternshark (Etmopterus princeps). As these sharks increased in size, there was a dietary shift from crustaceans to fish, reflected in higher trophic levels based on δ15N values. Given the scarcity of sharks in stomachs of demersal fish within the study area, coupled with low fishing pressure on sharks off Iceland, it is plausible that their abundance is currently regulated primarily by bottom‐up processes or environmental factors.
Telomere Length Differences Indicate Climate Change‐Induced Stress and Population Decline in a Migratory Bird
Authors: Rodriguez Marina D. , Bay Rachael A. , Ruegg Kristen C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGenomic projections of (mal)adaptation under future climate change, known as genomic offset, faces limited application due to challenges in validating model predictions. Individuals inhabiting regions with high genomic offset are expected to experience increased levels of physiological stress as a result of climate change, but documenting such stress can be challenging in systems where experimental manipulations are not possible. One increasingly common method for documenting physiological costs associated with stress in individuals is to measure the relative length of telomeres—the repetitive regions on the caps of chromosomes that are known to shorten at faster rates in more adverse conditions. Here we combine models of genomic offsets with measures of telomere shortening in a migratory bird, the yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia), and find a strong correlation between genomic offset, telomere length and population decline. While further research is needed to fully understand these links, our results support the idea that birds in regions where climate change is happening faster are experiencing more stress and that such negative effects may help explain the observed population declines.
Modified Tinea Corporis Score (mTCS) Versus Tinea Corporis Score (TCS): A Comparative, Noninterventional Validation Study
Authors: Nihaa‐Jabeen Sajahan , Prathyusha Papishetty , Chethana Santhebachalli Gurumurthy , Ashwini Padubidri Kombettu , Ashwini Shankar Bharathi , Veeranna Shastry , Kanthraj Garehatty Rudrappa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTinea corporis (TC) is a common fungal infection affecting 20%–25% of the global population. Though diagnosing TC is straightforward, treatment has become challenging due to the use of certain medications and lack of follow‐up, leading to resistance. Andrea et al. proposed Tinea Corporis Score (TCS) to assess and provide follow‐up care for TC. However, double tracing was its limitation. We proposed modified Tinea Corporis Score (mTCS) to overcome this limitation.Aims and ObjectivesTo compare mTCS with TCS and validate it.MethodologyA comparative, noninterventional validation study was conducted over 18 months at the Department of Dermatology, JSS Hospital, JSSAHER. 140 out of the initially enrolled 182 patients were included. The Researchers 1 and 2 measured the area of involvement by mTCS and TCS, respectively, during baseline and follow‐up.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the mean areas calculated (mTCS<TCS) during the baseline and first follow‐up (p value < 0.05). The total scores calculated also showed a significant difference in mean during baseline (mTCS<TCS) and second follow‐up (mTCS>TCS) (p value < 0.05). Both methods showed a positive correlation. However, mTCS was found to be less time‐consuming (p value < 0.05) than TCS.ConclusionBoth mTCS and TCS had a positive correlation and were found to be equally effective. However, mTCS took significantly less time, while overcoming tracing errors by measuring direct capture of preset grid images suggesting it to be a better alternative. These findings validate mTCS over TCS for better and faster evaluation of TC for good follow‐up care and patient‐tailored treatment.
Antifungal Resistance Patterns of Microsporum canis: A 27‐Year MIC Study in Mainland China
Authors: Liang Tianwei , Chen Xiaoqing , de Hoog G. Sybren , Li Lulu , Wang Lingqi , Wan Zhe , Yu Jin , Li Ruoyu , Song Yinggai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicrosporum canis, a dermatophyte commonly associated with pets, is a leading cause of severe tinea capitis. The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance among dermatophytes poses a significant global health challenge.ObjectivesThis study aims to define the updated antifungal susceptibility profile of M. canis to enhance treatment strategies for dermatophyte infections.MethodsThis study analysed 348 M. canis isolates from mainland China for their susceptibility to 11 antifungal agents, following the CLSI M38‐A3 guidelines. Additionally, we investigated the susceptibility of M. canis to antifungal agents and analysed the correlation between in vitro drug susceptibility and clinical outcomes in 54 cases of tinea capitis.ResultsThe majority of strains showed low MICs to all 11 drugs. We described the upper limits of wild‐type (WT) minimal inhibitory concentrations (UL‐WT) for 10 of these agents; however, no clear resistance patterns were identified through MIC distribution analysis. Notably, fluconazole had the highest MICs among the tested classes, while the novel agent olorofim showed superior activity. Resistance was detected in two strains to griseofulvin (MIC 64 μg/mL), one to fluconazole (MIC 64 μg/mL) and two to terbinafine (MIC 16 μg/mL). Although azoles and terbinafine remain effective against M. canis. Clinical outcomes indicate that terbinafine may be less effective in treating M. canis infections.ConclusionEstablishing a clinical breakpoint for M. canis is urgently needed to improve treatment protocols. While azoles and griseofulvin are still recommended for M. canis infections, ongoing surveillance of dermatophyte species and their susceptibility to antifungal agents is crucial to guide treatment strategies.
Natural history of sesame allergy in pediatric patients: Insight from a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kazancioglu Alp , Ocak Melike , Sahiner Umit Murat , Soyer Ozge , Sekerel Bulent Enis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSesame allergy (SA) is a growing concern because of its association with severe reactions and the limited knowledge of long‐term outcomes.ObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to identify the risk factors influencing persistent SA (PSA) in children to improve management and select suitable candidates for oral immunotherapy (OIT).MethodsWe analyzed the electronic medical records of 84 children with confirmed SA, as defined by consistent clinical reactions and immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated sensitization. Patients were followed for a median (IQR) of 56.5 (46.0–82.5) months.ResultsMost participants were male (72.6%) with concurrent food allergies (71.4%). They experienced a median (IQR) of 3.0 (2.0–3.7) allergic episodes, with 46.4% experiencing at least one anaphylactic reaction. PSA was observed in 82.1% (69/84) of the patients. A larger skin prick test (SPT) wheal size at the first reaction (adjusted OR = 1.79, CI:1.05–3.04; p = .03) and allergic reaction grade≥2 (adjusted OR = 19.93, CI:1.37–289.13; p = .02) were independent risk factors for persistence. A 3‐fold increase in the likelihood of persistence was observed in patients with SPT results greater than 6.7 mm at first reaction compared with those with results less than 6.7 mm during follow‐up (HR = 3.08; CI:1.17–8.12; p = .02). Patients with sustained or increased SPT wheal size (93% remained allergic) and specific IgE (95% remained allergic) at the final visit were more likely to have PSA, whereas those with decreased levels (37% and 39% developed natural tolerance, respectively) were less likely to have resolved SA.ConclusionsThis study identified novel risk factors for PSA, including SPT wheal size at the first reaction, reaction severity, and sustained sensitization markers. These findings can inform management strategies and the selection of OIT candidates. Further long‐term studies are crucial to elucidate the natural history of SA across populations and to evaluate early interventions, such as OIT.
BIS Guided Titration of Sevoflurane in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Templeton T. Wesley , Alex Gijo , Eloy Jean D. , Stollings Lindsay , Ing Richard J. , Cheon Eric C. , Belani Kumar , Breskin Ilan , Sebel Peter S. , Taicher Brad M. ,   the BTiger Study Group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn pediatric patients, the use of processed EEG monitoring may reduce the amount of anesthesia administered while maintaining adequate depth of anesthesia.AimsThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether use of a BIS monitor to guide sevoflurane administration might reduce the average end tidal sevoflurane concentration used in children 4–18 years of age.MethodsParticipants in three age groups (4–8, 9–12, and 13–18 years) were randomized to either the BIS guided group or the control group. Use of sevoflurane as the primary maintenance anesthetic was the only requirement in both arms. In the BIS guided group, sevoflurane was titrated to achieve a target BIS value of 45–60 during the maintenance period. In the control arm, clinicians were blinded to the BIS value. Primary outcome was mean end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration during maintenance phase of anesthesia. Secondary assessments included time to discharge and the readiness and quality of recovery as assessed by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale, the modified Aldrete Score, and the Wong–Baker FACES scale. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was used to analyze and compare groups.ResultsA total of 180 participants were randomized. Following randomization, 10 participants did not undergo any study procedures, leaving 84 participants in the BIS guided group and 86 participants in the control group. Across all age groups, the average end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration was less in the BIS guided group compared to control (4–8 years: 2.2% ± 0.3% vs. 2.4% ± 0.4%, −0.3% [−0.4%, −0.1%]; 9–12 years: 1.7% ± 0.5% vs. 2.1% ± 0.6%, −0.4% [−0.7%, −0.1%]; 13–18 years: 1.6% ± 0.4% vs. 1.9% ± 0.5%, −0.3% [−0.5%, −0.1%]). No differences in recovery outcomes between treatment groups were observed.ConclusionsIn pediatric participants, the BIS guided group reported a lower average end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration compared to control, though no significant differences in recovery profile were noted.Clinical ImplicationsThe Bispectral Index (BIS) is a processed EEG tool that can be used to titrate general anesthesia to achieve desired anesthetic depth. Brain monitoring with BIS resulted in lower average end‐tidal sevoflurane concentrations in children aged 4–18 years undergoing general anesthesia.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04810481
Transthoracic Echocardiography for Central Venous Catheter Tip Positioning in Children: An Observational Study Using Transesophageal Echocardiography as Reference Method
Authors: Thomsen Kristen K. , Fritz Michael , Zöllner Christian , Kessler Till , Saugel Bernd , Schulte‐Uentrop Leonie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren who need to have major surgery or are critically ill often require the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). To avoid serious complications, it is important to correctly position the CVC tip at the junction of the distal superior vena cava and the right atrium (cavoatrial junction). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be used to confirm the correct position of the CVC tip. However, the accuracy of TTE for CVC tip positioning has mainly been investigated using chest X‐ray as the reference method—although chest X‐ray itself does not allow directly locating the CVC tip at the cavoatrial junction.AimsWe aimed to determine if TTE can help exactly position the CVC tip at the cavoatrial junction during CVC insertion in children. We specifically tested the hypothesis that TTE‐guided CVC tip positioning results in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction (confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference method) in ≥ 90% of the children.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in children aged 0–14 years scheduled for elective surgery for congenital heart disease. Our primary endpoint was the proportion of children in whom TTE guidance resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction, confirmed by TEE.Results150 children were analyzed. TTE‐guided CVC tip positioning resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction in 136 children (91%, 95% confidence interval: 85%–94%). The proportion of children in whom TTE guidance resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction was highest in children aged 0–3 months (96%) and lowest in children aged 13–14 years (70%).ConclusionTTE‐guided CVC tip positioning resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction, confirmed by TEE, in 91% of children. Clinicians should consider using TTE to position the CVC tip at the cavoatrial junction during CVC insertion in children—particularly younger children.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00028271
Effects of Light and Laser Therapies on the Microecosystem of Sebaceous Glands in Acne Treatment
Authors: Xu Jiaoxiong , Huang Shengbo , Fu Zhengzheng , Zheng Wen , Luo Wanting , Zhuang Niangqiao , Liu Liuhong , He Renliang , Yang Fang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcne vulgaris (acne) is one of the most common skin diseases with complex pathogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that the microecosystem of sebaceous glands and Cutibacterium acnes play key roles in its pathogenesis. Antibiotics targeting C. acnes have been widely used in acne treatment, but the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has become alarming. Further research into the microecosystem of sebaceous glands and the role of specific C. acnes phylotypes in acne pathogenesis has led to a paradigm shift in acne treatment. Currently, non‐antibiotic therapies such as light therapy and laser therapy are becoming increasingly popular, opening up new opportunities in acne management.MethodsStudies on the microecosystem of sebaceous glands associated with acne and the effects of light and laser therapies on the microecosystem in acne treatment were retrieved from the PubMed database.ResultsDysbiosis of the microecosystem of the pilosebaceous unit is closely related to the pathogenesis of acne. Light and laser therapies have an impact on the microecosystem of the pilosebaceous unit in acne treatment.ConclusionsLight and laser therapies are the popular alternative options in acne treatment. The mechanisms of their effect on the microecosystem of sebaceous glands are not completely clear and require further research, especially for laser therapy.