bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job attitudes and career behaviors relating to employees' perceived incorporation of artificial intelligence in the workplace: a career self-management perspective
Authors: Presbitero Alfred , Teng-Calleja Mendiola 
Published: April 2022

PurposeArtificial intelligence (AI) continues to be deployed in workplaces. While there are many positive outcomes of AI integration, understanding the extent of its consequences on employees is limited. Hence, this study examines employee perceptions of AI and the consequent influences on employee job attitudes and career behaviors. Utilizing the career self-management perspective, the authors explore the mechanisms related to employee perceptions of AI and potential career exploration behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested several hypotheses using employee survey data (N = 345 call center agents) collected from a firm that recently integrated AI in their operations. The authors collected data on four occasions (one-week intervals between data collection) to determine employee perceptions of AI taking over jobs (Time 1); job insecurity (Time 2); psychological distress (Time 3); and career exploration behavior (Time 4).FindingsThe findings reveal that perceptions of AI taking over jobs are significantly associated with higher career exploration behaviors. In addition, the authors found job insecurity and psychological distress as pathways that explain why employees having perceptions of AI taking over their jobs influences their career exploration behaviors.Originality/valueThese findings fill a gap in the literature by revealing how AI integration in the workplace, despite its many positive outcomes for organizations, can have a negative influence on employees. The negative employee perceptions of AI can lead to career exploration behaviors. From the career self-management perspective, the authors offer novel insights that have practical implications for talent management, particularly the need to communicate effectively to employees about AI integration in the workplace to avoid them feeling threatened and leaving their jobs.
Teacher communication and learner willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Alrabai Fakieh 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aims to propose and test a model that examines the potential connections between two teacher situational variables (teacher immediacy and credibility) and three learner affective factors (motivation, attitudes and communication confidence) and to examine how such associations predict learners’ L2WTC (Foreign/second language willingness to communicate) in a language class via a comprehensive communication model to structurally verify the theoretically based associations among these variables.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 214 females and 198 males took part in the study with age range between 19 and 38 years. Participants filled in a verified, translated Arabic version of the questionnaires using an online questionnaire. Data were gathered using questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and sequential mediation analysis using bootstrapping methods to identify and verify direct and indirect paths in the model.FindingsThe initial L2 communication structural model showed acceptable goodness of model fit. Teacher credibility and immediacy behaviors only indirectly predicted L2WTC through the mediation of affective variables. Motivation and communication confidence mediated the relationship between credibility and L2WTC, while the association between immediacy and L2WTC was mediated by communication confidence.Originality/valueThe findings of this study have important pedagogical implications globally for professions related to communication instruction, especially with regard to teacher credibility behaviors and particularly for practitioners and beneficiaries in EFL contexts where learners are widely acknowledged for their unwillingness to communicate in foreign language classes.
Plant diversity improves resistance of plant biomass and soil microbial communities to drought
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Jiang , Shen Congcong , Wang Jichen , Singh Brajesh K. , Ge Yuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Biodiversity is known to affect ecosystem resistance and have implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under climate change. Compared to numbers of studies focusing on above‐ground vegetation, the response of below‐ground communities to abiotic stresses along plant diversity gradients is often ignored and is considered an important knowledge gap in ecosystem ecology. Here we conducted an integrative research to evaluate the resistance of plant biomass, and soil microbial communities and associated functional profiles to drought under varying plant diversity.

We carried out a 3‐year manipulation experiment by factorially controlling plant diversity gradient (1, 2, 4 and 8 species richness) and soil moisture treatment (drought and non‐drought), and investigated the responses of plant biomass, soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition, soil glomalin, and five key soil enzymes.

We found that plant diversity significantly improved the resistance of soil fungal communities and microbial functional profiles characterized by soil glomalin and five key enzymes, which was partly driven by the availability and accessibility of soil resources (e.g. soil moisture and organic matter) mediated by plant diversity. Furthermore, our results indicated that the enhanced resistance of fungal communities was consistent with ecological insurance theory that diverse fungal communities at high plant diversity had a higher probability of containing taxa that adapt to drought.

Synthesis. Our study provides novel empirical insights into the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of plant diversity on resistance of above‐ground vegetation and below‐ground biota to drought, with implications for understanding ecosystem response to climate change and improving biodiversity conservation practices.
Continuation of air services at Berlin‐Tegel and its effects on apartment rental prices
Authors: Breidenbach Philipp , Cohen Jeffrey , Schaffner Sandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBerlin‐Brandenburg airport (BER) became well‐known far beyond German borders due to substantial planning problems and multiple opening delays. Originally planned to open in March 2012, BER finally opened in 2020, after seven delay announcements. Focusing on the two most surprising and meaningful announcements, these unexpected delays form an exogeneous shock for residents surrounding the largest existing airport, Berlin‐Tegel, which was expected to close immediately upon opening of BER. We use these delay announcements as a quasi‐experiment to analyze separately the effects on apartment rental prices of aircraft noise (due to arriving/departing flight paths) and airport proximity (accessibility). The results suggest there is a negative effect of aircraft noise on rental prices of 2%–5%, while there are positive proximity effects from Berlin‐Tegel of 1%–3%. We consider heterogeneity using quantile regression and find the negative noise effects are larger for higher priced apartments. We disentangle aircraft noise and other (environmental) noise effects, and herein find that aircraft noise lowers property values by 2%–2.8%, while properties facing additional environmental noise experience a separate 1.7% decrease. In a joint model of noise and proximity, we observe the proximity benefits and the noise externalities essentially cancel each other out.
Unraveling Financial Fraud: The Role of the Board of Directors and External Advisors in Conducting Independent Internal Investigations*
Authors: Files Rebecca , Liu Michelle 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAlthough firms are encouraged by the SEC and Department of Justice to conduct internal investigations following financial misconduct, prior research finds few benefits for investigating firms. This study examines a novel aspect of internal investigations—namely, whether the investigation is conducted by independent versus nonindependent teams—and explores the impact of these teams on investigation outcomes. Consistent with our predictions, we find that firms whose internal investigations are led by independent teams are more likely to retain external advisors, have a higher likelihood of CEO turnover, and face a lower likelihood of an SEC enforcement action than do firms whose investigations are led by nonindependent teams. Our findings demonstrate that the SEC grants enforcement leniency to firms that conduct an internal investigation, but this finding only holds when the investigation leader is considered independent. These results also suggest that appointing independent groups to lead internal investigations protects the firm, at the expense of the CEO, following accounting fraud. Our paper has important implications for researchers studying accounting irregularities as we are the first to show that independent board members and external advisors play a direct role in the resolution of financial misconduct through their job on the internal investigation team.
Single‐site employment (multiple jobholding) in residential aged care: A response to COVID‐19 with wider workforce lessons
Authors: Jepsen Denise Mary , Barker Robyn Toni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to capture stakeholder views and issues arising from the implementation of the innovative single‐site employment guiding principles (SSE‐GP) that the Australian Government, in consultation with the sector, introduced into hot spot residential aged care facilities (RACFs) in July 2020 in response to COVID‐19.MethodsInterviews with 74 stakeholders around Australia were conducted in October–November 2020. Provider interviews included employees and managerial and human resources staff in profit and non‐profit services who did, and did not, have COVID‐19 outbreaks. Sector interviews included representatives from peak bodies, unions, government, academics, advocates, labour hire and registered training organisations.ResultsThere was broad but not total agreement on SSE‐GP's effectiveness. Beyond specific SSE‐GP feedback, six strategic workforce issues were identified. The quality of resident care was mixed, sometimes improved and sometimes diminished. The extent of employees' multiple jobholding surprised many providers, and rostering and unplanned absenteeism are a substantial strain for both providers and employees. Innovative work practices are often difficult for smaller providers lacking employment relations specialists. Future SSE‐GP is seen by larger providers as voluntary and organisation‐ rather than facility‐specific, and unions saw only mandated SSE‐GP as appropriate for future outbreaks. Last, all staff, management and executives had additional stress that placed their well‐being at risk.ConclusionsAlthough SSE‐GP revealed new and existing weaknesses in the Australian RACF workforce, the broad industry consultation and collaboration demonstrated that the sector can meet COVID‐19's urgent and complex challenges. The experience provided lessons for further workforce challenges that remain to be addressed.
Benefits of and barriers to telehealth for the informal caregivers of elderly individuals in rural areas: A scoping review
Authors: Lyu Miaohua , Zhao Qiheng , Yang Yuhang , Hao Xiaonan , Qin Yuan , Li Kun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionMaintaining care for elderly individuals in rural areas is heavily dependent on support from informal caregivers. Many informal caregivers of the elderly in rural areas feel burdened and urgently require professional support. Interests in telehealth that can provide support irrespective of geographical location have been increasing.ObjectiveTo identify the benefits of and barriers in telehealth engagement for rural caregivers to provide evidence for service improvement.DesignA scoping review method was used following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines and Arksey and O'Malley's five‐stage framework. Five databases were searched. The search terms were chosen based on the target intervention (i.e. telehealth), target population (caregivers of elderly individuals) and target context (rural areas). Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies and extracted data from eligible studies.FindingsOf 4220 retrieved studies, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. This study identified four benefits of and two barriers to telehealth for rural caregivers. Four subthemes were identified as the key benefits in using telehealth for caregivers: decrease in psychological distress, increase in care efficiency, increase in social support and increase in access to resources, while inadequate telehealth infrastructures and caregivers’ own reasons were the primary barriers in using telehealth for those populations.ConclusionsTelehealth was shown to significantly benefit rural caregivers. Future research can be designed and conducted for overcoming the barriers to telehealth. Additionally, the benefits identified by this review need to be translated from research into practice for rural caregivers’ care.
Low androgen status inhibits erectile function by upregulating the expression of proteins of mitochondria‐associated membranes in rat corpus cavernosum
Authors: Yang Hao‐Zhou , Xiong Wen‐ju , Li Xiong , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of low androgen status on mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) and its relationship with erectile function.MethodsA total of 36 eight‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: the control (sham‐operated) group, the castration group, the castration + testosterone (cast + T) group, the control + siRNA group, the cast + siRNA group, and the cast + empty vector group. Testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats in the cast + T group every other day starting from the second day after the surgery. Four weeks later, lentiviral vectors carrying phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS‐2) gene‐specific siRNA (1 × 108TU/ml, 10 µl) were injected into the rats in the siRNA groups. At the sixth week of castration, the ratio of the maximum intracavernous pressure/the mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho‐eNOS (p‐eNOS), fatty acid‐CoA ligase 4 (FACL‐4), PACS‐2, and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) in the penile corpus cavernosum were determined.ResultsThe FACL‐4, PACS‐2, and IP3R1 were primarily localized in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and part of smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum. The level of NO, the ratio of ICPmax/MAP, and p‐eNOS/eNOS were decreased significantly in the castration group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The expressions of FACL‐4, PACS‐2, and IP3R1 were increased significantly in the castration group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The level of NO, the ratios of ICPmax/MAP, and the ratio of p‐eNOS/eNOS were increased significantly in the cast + siRNA group compared with the castration group (p < 0.01). The expressions of FACL‐4 and PACS‐2 were decreased significantly in the cast + siRNA group compared with the castration group (p < 0.01).ConclusionLow androgen status upregulated the expressions of patients in MAMs (FACL‐4, PACS‐2, and IP3R1) in the corpus cavernosum and inhibited the eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling pathway, resulting in impaired erectile function in rats. Erectile function may be improved by inhibiting the high expression of PACS‐2 in the corpus cavernosum under low androgen state.
Systematic review of health and disease in Ukrainian children highlights poor child health and challenges for those treating refugees
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Loboda Andrii 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimMillions of Ukrainian children have been internally displaced or fled to other countries because of the Russian war. This systematic review focused on their health needs and future challenges for clinicians.MethodsA systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase and MedRxiv databases from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2022 identified 1628 papers on the health of Ukrainian children and 112 were relevant to this review.ResultsIn 2019, under‐5 mortality was 8 per 1000 live births in Ukraine. Underweight and adverse childhood experiences, including child abuse, were frequent compared to other European countries, while childhood obesity seemed less common. Alcohol consumption was common in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy, risking foetal alcohol syndrome. Neonatal screening programmes provided low coverage. Vaccine hesitancy was common and vaccination rates were low. Other concerns were measles, HIV, antibiotic resistance and multi‐resistant tuberculosis. Many children are expected to suffer from psychological and physical trauma due to the war. Other healthcare challenges include low COVID‐19 vaccination rates and a preference for secondary and tertiary care, rather than primary care. Many people cannot afford medication.ConclusionUkrainian children often have poor health and host countries need to be aware of their needs.
Review article: rethinking the “ladder” approach to reflux‐like symptom management in the era of PPI “resistance” ‐ a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Hungin A. Pali S. , Scarpignato Carmelo , Keefer Laurie , Corsetti Maura , Anastasiou Foteini , Muris Jean W. M. , Mendive Juan M. , Kahrilas Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundDespite widespread adoption of potent acid suppression treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for reflux‐like symptoms, persistent symptoms are commonly reported in primary care and community studies.AimsThis multidisciplinary review critically evaluates how the management of reflux‐like symptoms could better reflect their multifactorial pathophysiology.MethodsA panel of experts (from general practice, gastroenterology and gastropsychology) attended a series of workshops to review current management and propose a framework for the provision of more individualised care.ResultsIt was agreed that the perceptual (as well as the physiological) causes of reflux‐like symptoms should be considered at the start of management, not as a last resort when all else has failed. A short course of PPI is a pragmatic approach to address reflux‐like symptoms, but equally important is counselling about the gut‐brain axis and provision of symptom‐specific behavioural interventions for those who show signs of somatisation, hypervigilance or co‐existing disorders of gut‐brain interaction. Other low‐harm interventions such as lifestyle and dietary advice, should also be better integrated into care at an early stage. Multidisciplinary care management programmes (including dietary, weight loss, exercise and behavioural intervention) should be developed to promote greater self‐management and take advantage of the general shift toward the use of remotely accessed health care resources.ConclusionsManagement of reflux‐like symptoms should be adapted to reflect the advances in knowledge about the multifactorial aetiology of these symptoms, addressing both acid‐related and behavioural components early in management. The time has come to treat the patient, not the “disease”.
Epistemic injustice amongst clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers: A qualitative thematic analysis study
Authors: Harris Olivia , Andrews Carina , Broome Matthew R. , Kustner Claudia , Jacobsen Pamela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesResearch has suggested people who hear voices may be at risk of epistemic injustice. This is a form of discrimination whereby someone is unfairly judged to be an unreliable knower (testimonial injustice) or is unable to contribute to, and therefore access, concepts that make sense of their experience within mainstream society (hermeneutical injustice). Voice‐hearing occurs both in people who are mental health service users and in the general population (clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers, respectively). The degree of distress and impairment associated with voices has been shown to relate to how individuals make sense of their experiences and how others respond to their identity as a voice‐hearer. The aim of this study was to explore people's experiences of epistemic injustice in relation to voice‐hearing and to understand how these may differ between clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers.DesignA qualitative design was used.MethodEight clinical and nine non‐clinical voice‐hearers partook in semi‐structured interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree pairs of themes related to (i) identity, (ii) relationships and (iii) power and position were constructed across the clinical and non‐clinical groups, and two shared themes within both groups were created relating to testimonial and hermeneutical injustice.ConclusionBoth clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers described experiencing epistemic injustice in wider society. The presence of a ‘safe haven’ (e.g. spiritualist churches) for non‐clinical voice‐hearers ameliorated the impact of this to some degree, by allowing people to make connections with others with similar experiences within a non‐judgemental and accepting community.
Incorporating geographic context into coyote and wolf livestock depredation research
Authors: Plotsky Kyle , Alexander Shelley M. , Musiani Marco , Draper Dianne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApplying research results to new locations and situations can be confounded by differences in the geographic context between the original and the applied study sites. Replication studies and meta‐analyses may be similarly hindered. We investigated how often canid management research reports (e.g., journal articles, conference proceedings) included information on historical/current lethal control, alternative prey availability, landscape features, and seasonal and settlement characteristics. We included experimental research published between 1970 and 2018, focusing on livestock depredations by wolves and coyotes in North America. Reporting on contextual factors was highly variable; seasonal context was included in 83% of research findings; human settlement characteristics were reported in only 8%. Contextual information was more common in journal versus grey literature, and in reports with academic versus government‐affiliated primary authors. Discussions of the effects of contextual factors on livestock depredation mitigation strategies were underdeveloped. Yet, geographic context of research is vital; it can alter animal behaviour and reduce the efficacy of applied mitigation. We suggest reporting guidelines to improve comparisons and meta‐analysis opportunities, which may enhance comparisons and management decision making.