bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of biofertilizers on leaf economics spectrum traits in a herbaceous crop
Authors: Martin Adam R , Mariani Rachel O , Dörr de Quadros Patricia , Fulthorpe Roberta R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microbial inoculations or ‘biofertilizers’ represent novel contributions to sustainable agriculture. While belowground mechanisms surrounding how biofertilizers enhance crop production are well described, their role in aboveground trait expression remains less well explored. We quantified infraspecific variation in leaf economics spectrum (LES) traits in response to 10 biofertilizer treatments in basil (Ocimum basiclicum) cultivated under hydroponic conditions. Multiple physiological (i.e. maximum photosynthesis rates (A), dark respiration (R), and leaf-level light compensation points) and morphological (i.e. leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf thickness) traits varied significantly across microbial treatments. Following treatments, basil plants differentiated from one another along an infraspecific LES, with certain plants expressing more resource-acquiring LES trait values (i.e. high A, R, leaf N, and low LMA), versus others that expressed the opposite suite of resource-conserving LES trait values. Infraspecific trait covariation largely matched LES patterns observed among plants globally. Bivariate and multivariate trait analyses further revealed that certain treatments—namely those including closely related Bacillus and Brevibacillus species strains—increased leaf resource capture traits such as A and leaf N. Biofertilizers influence plant performance through a role in moderating infraspecific leaf trait variation, thereby suggesting aboveground leaf traits may be used to diagnose optimal biofertilizer formulations in basil and other crops.
Formin protein DRT1 affects gross morphology and chloroplast relocation in rice
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Dong Guojun , Wu Limin , Wang Xuewen , Chen Fei , Xiong Erhui , Xiong Guosheng , Zhou Yihua , Kong Zhaosheng , Fu Ying , Zeng Dali , Ma Dianrong , Qian Qian , Yu Yanchun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant height and tiller number are two major factors determining plant architecture and yield. However, in rice (Oryza sativa), the regulatory mechanism of plant architecture remains to be elucidated. Here, we reported a recessive rice mutant presenting dwarf and reduced tillering phenotypes (drt1). Map-based cloning revealed that the phenotypes are caused by a single point mutation in DRT1, which encodes the Class I formin protein O. sativa formin homolog 13 (OsFH13), binds with F-actin, and promotes actin polymerization for microfilament organization. DRT1 protein localized on the plasma membrane (PM) and chloroplast (CP) outer envelope. DRT1 interacted with rice phototropin 2 (OsPHOT2), and the interaction was interrupted in drt1. Upon blue light stimulus, PM localized DRT1 and OsPHOT2 were translocated onto the CP membrane. Moreover, deficiency of DRT1 reduced OsPHOT2 internalization and OsPHOT2-mediated CP relocation. Our study suggests that rice formin protein DRT1/OsFH13 is necessary for plant morphology and CP relocation by modulating the actin-associated cytoskeleton network.
On the parameter combinations that matter and on those that do not: data-driven studies of parameter (non)identifiability
Authors: Evangelou Nikolaos , Wichrowski Noah J , Kevrekidis George A , Dietrich Felix , Kooshkbaghi Mahdi , McFann Sarah , Kevrekidis Ioannis G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a data-driven approach to characterizing nonidentifiability of a model’s parameters and illustrate it through dynamic as well as steady kinetic models. By employing Diffusion Maps and their extensions, we discover the minimal combinations of parameters required to characterize the output behavior of a chemical system: a set of effective parameters for the model. Furthermore, we introduce and use a Conformal Autoencoder Neural Network technique, as well as a kernel-based Jointly Smooth Function technique, to disentangle the redundant parameter combinations that do not affect the output behavior from the ones that do. We discuss the interpretability of our data-driven effective parameters, and demonstrate the utility of the approach both for behavior prediction and parameter estimation. In the latter task, it becomes important to describe level sets in parameter space that are consistent with a particular output behavior. We validate our approach on a model of multisite phosphorylation, where a reduced set of effective parameters (nonlinear combinations of the physical ones) has previously been established analytically.
From Market Making to Matchmaking: Does Bank Regulation Harm Market Liquidity?
Authors: Saar Gideon , Sun Jian , Yang Ron , Zhu Haoxiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postcrisis bank regulations raised market-making costs for bank-affiliated dealers. We show that this can, somewhat surprisingly, improve overall investor welfare and reduce average transaction costs despite the increased cost of immediacy. Bank dealers in OTC markets optimize between two parallel trading mechanisms: market making and matchmaking. Bank regulations that increase market-making costs change the market structure by intensifying competitive pressure from nonbank dealers and incentivizing bank dealers to shift their business activities toward matchmaking. Thus, postcrisis bank regulations have the (unintended) benefit of replacing costly bank balance sheets with a more efficient form of financial intermediation.
Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Anal Squamous Cell Cancer Undergoing Combined Modality Therapy
Authors: Taylor James P. , Wei Iris H. , Smith J. Joshua , Tin Amy L. , Aiken Nate , Vickers Andrew J. , Romesser Paul B. , Crane Christopher H. , Widmar Maria , Nash Garrett M. , Weiser Martin R. , Paty Philip B. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Pappou Emmanouil 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
There is limited knowledge on long-term bowel, sexual, and urinary function after combined modality therapy for anal squamous cell cancer.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate long-term changes in bowel, sexual, and urinary function in patients treated with combined modality.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected patient reported outcome surveys.

SETTING:
Single institution.

PATIENTS:
There were 143 patients with stage I-III anal cancer who were treated with chemoradiation and had completed the survey.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Patient-reported outcomes reflecting bowel, sexual, and urinary function.

RESULTS:
Thirty-nine percent of patients had major low anterior resection syndrome scores at baseline. Major low anterior resection syndrome scores remained stable (38%; 95% CI 31%, 46%) with no change over time (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.74, 1.21, p = 0.7). Higher rates of major low anterior resection syndrome scores were observed for patients who had major low anterior resection syndrome scores at baseline (OR 20.7; 95% CI 4.70, 91.3, p < 0.001) and for females (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.01, 4.56; p = 0.047). On 5-point scales, we saw a non-significant increased level of sexual arousal during sexual activity after therapy for women (β for 1 year = 0.15; 95% CI -0.01, 0.32; p = 0.072) and non-significant decreased confidence in getting and keeping an erection after therapy for men (β for 1 year = -0.33; 95% CI -0.66, 0.00; p = 0.053).

LIMITATIONS:
This is a single-institution study. Only patients who answered the questionnaire were included in the study.

CONCLUSIONS:
A significant proportion of patients have major low anterior resection syndrome scores at baseline and after successful treatment for anal cancer. Having major low anterior resection syndrome scores at baseline was the biggest predictor of having major low anterior resection syndrome scores after treatment. Bowel, sexual, and urinary function did not improve over time up to 2 years after end of treatment. Physicians should counsel their patients prior to treatment that baseline poor bowel function is a risk factor for post treatment bowel dysfunction. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C29.
Damage to the Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve From Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Axibal Eileen L. , Fisher Marlie H. , Miller Misha D. , Brown Mariah R. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
The temporal branch of the facial nerve is at risk of damage during Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). This complication leads to motor deficit in the ipsilateral upper face with resultant functional and cosmetic impairment.

OBJECTIVE
To identify patient, tumor, and surgical risk factors associated with temporal nerve damage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single-institution, retrospective review of MMS cases involving anatomic sites within the temporal nerve danger zone was performed. Risk factors were compared between cases with and without nerve damage.

RESULTS
Of 616 cases within the danger zone, 28 (4.5%) had postoperative nerve dysfunction. Variables significantly associated with dysfunction included patient immunosuppression, tumor size, aggressive tumor histology, recurrent tumors, high degree of subclinical spread, and greater average number of Mohs stages. Preoperative tumor size and postoperative defect size of ≥3 cm resulted in a ×37 and ×40 increased odds of nerve damage, respectively. Sex, age, and basal versus squamous cell carcinoma were not significantly associated with temporal nerve damage. No patients with a postoperative defect size measuring <2 cm had nerve damage.

CONCLUSION
The overall risk of damage to the temporal nerve during MMS is low, but there are certain risk factors that warrant increased counseling about this potential complication.
Expression of Key Steroidogenic Enzymes in Human Placenta and Associated Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Cao Jiasong , Wang Yixin , Wang Shuqi , Shen Yongmei , Li Wen , Wei Zhuo , Li Shanshan , Lin Qimei , Chang Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Steroid hormones, including progestagens, estrogens, androgens, corticosteroids, and their precursor cholesterol, perform essential functions in the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and normal fetal development. As the core endocrine organ at the prenatal stage, the human placenta is involved in the biosynthesis, metabolism, and delivery of steroid hormones. Steroidogenic pathways are tightly regulated by placenta-intrinsic cytochrome P450 and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. However, the relationship between placental steroidogenic enzyme expression and adverse pregnancy outcomes is controversial. In this review, we summarize the possible upstream regulatory mechanisms of placental steroidogenic enzymes in physiologic and pathophysiologic states. We also describe the human placental barrier model and examine the potential of single-cell sequencing for evaluating the primary functions and cellular origin of steroidogenic enzymes. Finally, we examine the existing evidence for the association between placental steroidogenic enzyme dysregulation and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Viability of Fat Cells in Frozen Fat Tissue in Relation to Thawing Technique
Authors: Lashin Riham , Abu Zahra Fatma A. , Elshahat Ahmed , Elgazzar Khaled 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Damage of frozen fat, which will be used for retransplantation, is inevitable. Reuse of frozen fat requires a thawing process. No standardized method has yet been established for thawing frozen fat.

Methods:
Microscopic analysis of count and viability of frozen fat of 21 patients. Two fat samples from each patient were harvested and frozen at –20°C in a common commercial refrigerator for different freezing durations. Thawing of fat samples was done. There was one (3 mL) sample for each thawing technique; technique A included natural thawing at 25°C for 15 minutes, while rapid thawing at 37°C for 10 minutes in a water bath was included in technique B. Survival rates of adipocytes were assessed with trypan blue staining. Culturing of adipose-derived stem cells to assess their ability to divide was done. Relating survival rate of frozen fat to patients’ age and to duration of freezing was done. Results were statistically analyzed.

Results:
The count of viable adipocytes is higher in technique A. Adipose-derived stem cells of frozen fat do not have the ability to divide in culture media. Viable adipocytes were higher in younger ages and in shorter freezing duration.

Conclusion:
Natural thawing is better in maintaining frozen adipocyte viability. Younger patients will benefit from frozen fat more than older ones. Duration of freezing should not exceed 7 months.
Back to Basics: Lifestyle Interventions for Adolescent Depression
Authors: Benheim Talia S. , Dalal Michelle , Holcomb Juliana M. , Dutta Anamika , Hosker Daniel , Jellinek Michael S. , Murphy J. Michael 
Published: September 2022

Learning objectives
After completing this activity, practitioners will be better able to:
• Discuss and better understand the recently adopted screening standards for adolescents with depression and the potential advantages of using “lifestyle medicine”
• Set up a process for providing effective interventions for the increased number of patients with adolescent depression
• Design or update their toolbox of treatment options for adolescents with depression based on the new literature and increased demand

Abstract
Recently adopted quality standards recommend that pediatricians screen adolescents for depression and that they document follow-up plans for those who screen positive. As a result of these new recommendations, pediatricians and other pediatric providers, as well as psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, may face an increasing number of referrals and a growing need for effective interventions for adolescent depression. Given the widely acknowledged scarcity of traditional mental health resources, the current study reviewed the rapidly expanding array of evidence-based, but nontraditional, interventions applicable to outpatient pediatric and mental health care settings. Many of these interventions come from a lifestyle medicine framework. Lifestyle medicine interventions are congruent with the cultures of pediatrics and outpatient psychiatry, and offer additional evidence-based tools for providers managing adolescent depression. These interventions can be implemented individually or within group or community settings, and may be used in conjunction with more common interventions such as psychotherapy or psychotropic medications.
Management of Extensive Central Nervous System Cladophialophora bantiana Infection in a 9-Year-Old Child
Authors: Boguniewicz Juri , Demmler-Harrison Gail J. , Lotze Timothy E. , Jarjour Imad T. , Whitehead William E. , Frontiero Jessica , Dutta Ankhi , Fogarty Thomas , Hunter Jill V. , Ogunbona Oluwaseun B. , Pareek Aishwarya V. , Cameron Lindsay H. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) phaeohyphomycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection associated with high mortality.

Methods:
We describe a child with progressive neurologic symptoms whose ultimate diagnosis was Cladophialophora bantiana-associated CNS phaeohyphomycosis. We discuss her clinical presentation, medical and surgical management and review the current literature.

Results:
A 9-year-old female presented with acute onset of headaches, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia. Initial infectious work-up was negative, including serial fungal cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Over 2 months, she experienced progressive cognitive and motor declines, and imaging revealed worsening meningitis, ventriculitis and cerebritis. Ultimately, Cladophialophora was detected by plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Fourth ventricle fluid sampling confirmed the diagnosis of C. bantiana infection. Given the extent of her disease, complete surgical resection was not feasible. She required multiple surgical debridement procedures and prolonged antifungal therapy, including the instillation of intraventricular amphotericin B. With aggressive surgical and medical management, despite her continued neurologic deficits, she remains alive 3 years after her initial diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is one of a few published pediatric cases of CNS phaeohyphomycosis and the first with the causative pathogen identified by plasma mNGS.

Conclusion:
CNS phaeohyphomycosis is a serious, life-threatening infection. The preferred management includes a combination of surgical resection and antifungal therapy. In cases complicated by refractory ventriculitis, intraventricular antifungal therapy can be considered as adjuvant therapy. Direct sampling of the CNS for pathogen identification and susceptibility testing is the gold standard for diagnosis; however, the use of plasma mNGS may expedite the diagnosis.
Incidence of Early and Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Suriname: A National Tertiary Hospital Birth-cohort Study
Authors: Juliana Amadu E. , Holband Natanael , Lissone Neirude P. A. , Zonneveld Rens , Evers Niels , Plötz Frans B. , Achten Niek B. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) are important causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. A pressing need for reliable and detailed data of low- and middle-income countries exists. This study aimed to describe the incidence and outcome of neonatal sepsis in the only tertiary hospital of Suriname, a middle-income country in South America.

Methods:
Infants born at the Academic Hospital of Paramaribo from May 2017 through December 2018 were prospectively included at birth. Perinatal data, duration of antibiotic treatment, blood culture results and mortality data were gathered. Neonatal sepsis was defined as positive blood culture with a pathogenic microorganism within the first 28 days of life.

Results:
Of the 2190 infants included, 483 (22%) were admitted to neonatal (intensive) care. The incidence of EONS was 2.1 (95% CI: 0.9–5) per 1000 live births, with no deaths. Antibiotics for suspected EONS were administrated to 189 (8.6%) infants, of whom 155 (82%) were born prematurely. The incidence of LONS cases was 145 (95% CI: 114–176) per 1000 admissions. Gramnegative bacteria accounted for 70% (48 out of 70) of causative organisms. Seventeen deaths were directly caused by sepsis (35 per 1000 admissions).

Conclusions:
Findings from this tertiary center birth cohort study in a middle-income setting indicate EONS incidence and outcomes comparable to high-income settings, whereas LONS is a more prevalent and significant challenge with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria, and high mortality.
Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for 357,390 Children With Otitis Media
Authors: Csonka Péter , Palmu Sauli , Heikkilä Paula , Huhtala Heini , Korppi Matti 
Published: September 2022

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescriptions for children with otitis media (OM) in a large nationwide network of private clinics between 2014 and 2020. Special focus was paid to amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid prescriptions, which the national guidelines recommend for first-line drugs. We also focused on macrolides, which are commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections in children but are not appropriate for OM cases.

Methods:
The data were obtained from the electronic health records of about 250,000 annual visits in <18 years old children. The collected variables were all diagnoses, age, visit year, doctor’s specialty, and prescribed antibiotics. Children with OM and upper respiratory tract infections were included, but those with lower respiratory tract infections were excluded.

Results:
The number of children with OM was 357,390 (55.2% boys). Antibiotics were prescribed in 44.8% of cases, with the lowest proportion (44.1%) being in <2 years old children. The overall prescription rate decreased from 48.3% in 2014 to 41.4% in 2020. The rates were 19.3% and 18.1% for amoxicillin and 12.6% and 13.2% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, respectively. Macrolide prescriptions were reduced from 7.5% to 3.5%. Pediatricians prescribed antibiotics for 38.8%, general practitioners for 54.0% and ear, nose and throat physicians for 39.8% of children with OM.

Conclusion:
The selection of antibiotics for OM, when prescribed, was according to the recommendations (amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) in 80.1% of pediatricians, 67.0% of general practitioners and 55.1% of ear, nose and throat physicians.
Frequency of Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Tanverdi Melisa S. , Swartz Sarah J. , Dayan Peter S. , Combs Veronica A. , Lubell Tamar R. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Our primary goal was to determine the frequency of bacteremia and urinary tract infections (UTI) in pediatric renal transplant recipients presenting with suspected infection within 2 years of transplant and to identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with bacteremia.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study for all pediatric (<18 years old) renal transplant recipients seen at 3 large children’s hospitals from 2011 to 2018 for suspected infection within 2 years of transplant date, defined as pyrexia (>38°C) or a blood culture being ordered. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies, nontransplant immunosuppression, intestinal failure, and patients who had moved out of the local area were excluded. The primary outcome was bacteremia or UTI; secondary outcomes included pneumonia, bacterial or fungal meningitis, respiratory viral infections, and antibiotic resistance. The unit of analysis was the visit.

Results:
One hundred fifteen children had 267 visits for infection evaluation within 2 years of transplant. Bacteremia (with or without UTI) was diagnosed in 9/213 (4.2%) and UTIs in 63/189 (33.3%). Tachycardia and hypotension were present in 66.7% and 0% of visits with documented bacteremia, respectively. White blood cell (12,700 cells/mm3 vs. 10,900 cells/mm3; P = 0.43) and absolute neutrophil count (10,700 vs. 8200 cells/mm3; P = 0.24) were no different in bacteremic and nonbacteremic patients. The absolute band count was higher in children with bacteremia (1900 vs. 600 cells/mm3; P = 0.02). Among Gram-negative pathogens, antibiotic resistance was seen to 3rd (14.5%) and 4th (3.6%) generation cephalosporins, 12.7% to semisynthetic penicillins, and 3.6% to carbapenems.

Conclusions:
Bacteremia or UTIs were diagnosed in one-quarter of all pediatric renal transplant recipients presenting with suspected infection within 2 years of transplant. Evaluations were highly variable, with one-third of visits not having urine cultures obtained. No single demographic, clinical or laboratory variable accurately identified patients with bacteremia, although combinations of findings may identify a high-risk population.