bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Scattering of Concurrent Unusual High‐Frequency EMIC Waves and MS Waves on Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Zhou Ruoxian , Fu Song , Gu Xudong , Ma Xin , Ni Binbin , Yi Juan , Guo Yingjie , Guo Deyu , Jiao Luhuai , Yun Xiaotong , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report a concurrent event of unusual high‐frequency Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) and Magnetosonic (MS) waves in correspondence with butterfly distributions for sub‐MeV electrons and flux decay of MeV electrons, observed by Van Allen Probe A on 16 October 2017. The scattering effects are quantitatively investigated by test particle simulations. The results indicate that the unusual EMIC waves mainly scatter electrons from hundreds of keV to several MeV at pitch angles <60° while the MS waves mainly influence sub‐MeV and MeV electrons at pitch angles >60°. Their combined scattering effects are suitably analyzed to be justified as the linear superposition of the effect induced by each wave mode. The Fokker‐Planck simulations exhibit the formation of butterfly pitch angle distributions for sub‐MeV electrons and the obvious flux decay for electrons ∼1.8 MeV at all pitch angles, showing similar variation trends to the observations. Our study suggests that the occurrence of the two waves can significantly influence the electrons over the whole pitch angle range, which can help us better understand the radiation belt dynamics.
Catchment‐Scale Architecture of the Deep Critical Zone Revealed by Seismic Imaging
Authors: Pasquet Sylvain , Marçais Jean , Hayes Jorden L. , Sak Peter B. , Ma Lin , Gaillardet Jérôme 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWeathering and erosion processes are crucial to Critical Zone (CZ) evolution, landscape formation and availability of natural resources. Although many of these processes take place in the deep CZ (∼10–100 m), direct information about its architecture remain scarce. Near‐surface geophysics offers a cost‐effective and minimally intrusive alternative to drilling that provides information about the physical properties of the CZ. We propose a novel workflow combining seismic measurements, petrophysical modelling and geostatistical analysis to characterize the architecture of the deep CZ at the catchment scale, on the volcanic tropical island of Basse‐Terre (Guadeloupe, France). With this original workflow, we are for the first time able to jointly produce maps of the water table and the weathering front across an entire catchment, by means of a single geophysical method. This integrated view of the CZ highlights complex weathering patterns that call for going beyond “simple” hillslope CZ models.
Heterogeneous Weathering Process of Lunar Regolith Revealed by Polarimetric Attributes Analysis of Chang’E‐4 Lunar Penetrating Radar Data Acquired During the Yutu‐2 Turnings
Authors: Zhou Haoqiu , Feng Xuan , Ding Chunyu , Dong Zejun , Liu Cai , Liang Wenjing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper provides analyses to quantify the maturity of regolith within 24 m depth using a novel polarimetric attributes analysis of lunar penetrating radar (LPR) data. The results demonstrate that LPR signals were mainly from subsurface rock fragments of different sizes and were rarely from strata interfaces. The averages and ranges of maturities for the near‐surface (0–2 m), the fine‐grained regolith (2–12 m), and the coarse‐grained ejecta (12–24 m) are 68.98% (0%–99.82%), 82.61% (41.52%–96.56%), and 72.33% (5.91%–96.66%), respectively. Local regions with anomalously low maturities on the lunar surface may be due to the dense materials formed by local impacts or the rock fragments from distal impacts; a newly discovered sandwich structure with low maturity at a depth between 12 and 18 m is formed by the heterogeneous weathering in a paleo‐crater. Based on these new insights, we infer a heterogeneous weathering process of the regolith.
Variability of Water Vapor in the Tropical Middle Atmosphere Observed From Satellites and Interpreted Using SD‐WACCM Simulations
Authors: Yu Wandi , Garcia Rolando , Yue Jia , Russell James , Mlynczak Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWater vapor in the middle atmosphere plays an essential role in global warming, ozone depletion, and the formation of polar stratospheric and mesospheric clouds. We show that tropical middle atmospheric water vapor simulated with the specified‐dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD‐WACCM) is consistent with changes observed in a merged satellite data set, which encompasses the period 1993–2020. Consistent with previous work, we find no significant trend in the stratosphere in either the observations or the simulation; in the mesosphere, we find a long‐term trend of 0.1 ppmv per decade, but only in the observations. We also analyze an SD‐WACCM simulation for the longer period 1980–2019 to quantify the contribution of various factors to the decadal variation of middle atmospheric water vapor. Over 1980–1995, the simulated water vapor in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, averaged zonally and over ±30° latitude, increases by 0.30 ppmv per decade due to increasing methane emissions. After 1995, a significant abrupt decrease of water vapor of 0.37 ppmv per decade and then a gradual increase of 0.33 ppmv per decade result from changes in stratospheric cold point temperature. The cold‐point temperature is strongly influenced by the strength of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. The acceleration of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation before about 2003 leads to a cooler tropical tropopause and a decrease of water vapor, and the deceleration thereafter leads to corresponding warming of the tropopause and an increase in water vapor.
Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials
Authors: He Yundong , Xu Weidong , Xiao Yu-Tian , Huang Haojie , Gu Di , Ren Shancheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
Novel CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells manufactured next-day for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Cheng , He Jiaping , Liu Li , Wang Jishi , Wang Sanbin , Liu Ligen , Ge Jian , Gao Lei , Gao Li , Kong Peiyan , Liu Yao , Liu Jia , Han Yu , Zhang Yongliang , Sun Zhe , Ye Xun , Yin Wenjie , Sersch Martina , Shen Lianjun , Cao Wei William , Zhang Xi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells have shown promising efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL). However, challenges remain including long manufacturing processes that need to be overcome. We presented the CD19-targeting CAR-T cell product GC007F manufactured next-day (FasTCAR-T cells) and administered to patients with R/R B-ALL. A total of 21 patients over 14 years of age with CD19+  R/R B-ALL were screened, enrolled and infused with a single infusion of GC007F CAR-T at three different dose levels. The primary objective of the study was to assess safety, secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics of GC007F cells in patients with R/R B-ALL and preliminary efficacy. We were able to demonstrate in preclinical studies that GC007F cells exhibited better proliferation and tumor killing than conventional CAR-T (C-CAR-T) cells. In this investigator-initiated study all 18 efficacy-evaluable patients achieved a complete remission (CR) (18/18, 100.00%) by day 28, with 17 of the patients (94.4%) achieving CR with minimal residual disease (MRD) negative. Fifteen (83.3%) remained disease free at the 3-month assessment, 14 patients (77.8%) maintaining MRD negative at month 3. Among all 21 enrolled patients, the median peak of CAR-T cell was on day 10, with a median peak copy number of 104899.5/µg DNA and a median persistence period of 56 days (range: 7–327 days). The incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was 95.2% (n = 20), with severe CRS occurring in 52.4% (n = 11) of the patients. Six patients (28.6%) developed neurotoxicity of any grade. GC007F demonstrated superior expansion capacity and a less exhausted phenotype as compared to (C-CAR-T) cells. Moreover, this first-in-human clinical study showed that the novel, next-day manufacturing FasTCAR-T cells was feasible with a manageable toxicity profile in patients with R/R B-ALL.
Finely tunable dynamical coloration using bicontinuous micrometer-domains
Authors: Xi Yuyin , Zhang Fan , Ma Yuanchi , Prabhu Vivek M. , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanostructures similar to those found in the vividly blue wings of Morpho butterflies and colorful photonic crystals enable structural color through constructive interference of light waves. Different from commonly studied structure-colored materials using periodic structures to manipulate optical properties, we report a previously unrecognized approach to precisely control the structural color and light transmission via a novel photonic colloidal gel without long-range order. Nanoparticles in this gel form micrometer-sized bicontinuous domains driven by the microphase separation of binary solvents. This approach enables dynamic coloration with a precise wavelength selectivity over a broad range of wavelengths extended well beyond the visible light that is not achievable with traditional methods. The dynamic wavelength selectivity is thermally tunable, reversible, and the material fabrication is easily scalable.
The encephalomyocarditis virus Leader promotes the release of virions inside extracellular vesicles via the induction of secretory autophagy
Authors: van der Grein Susanne G. , Defourny Kyra A. Y. , Rabouw Huib H. , Goerdayal Soenita S. , van Herwijnen Martijn J. C. , Wubbolts Richard W. , Altelaar Maarten , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Nolte-‘t Hoen Esther N. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNaked viruses can escape host cells before the induction of lysis via release in extracellular vesicles (EVs). These nanosized EVs cloak the secreted virus particles in a host-derived membrane, which alters virus-host interactions that affect infection efficiency and antiviral immunity. Currently, little is known about the viral and host factors regulating this form of virus release. Here, we assessed the role of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) Leader protein, a ‘viral security protein’ that subverts the host antiviral response. EV release upon infection with wildtype virus or a Leader-deficient mutant was characterized at the single particle level using high-resolution flow cytometry. Inactivation of the Leader abolished EV induction during infection and strongly reduced EV-enclosed virus release. We demonstrate that the Leader promotes the release of virions within EVs by stimulating a secretory arm of autophagy. This newly discovered role of the EMCV Leader adds to the variety of mechanisms via which this protein affects virus-host interactions. Moreover, these data provide first evidence for a crucial role of a non-structural viral protein in the non-lytic release of picornaviruses via packaging in EVs.
Spectroscopy and chromaticity characterization of yellow to light-blue iron-containing beryl
Authors: Shang Yanran , Guo Ying , Tang Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chemical composition and influencing factors of the colour of 95 yellow to light blue iron-bearing beryl are studied through Electron Microprobe Analysis (EMPA), Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer. The intensities of the three characteristic hydroxyl stretching bands of the beryl from 3500 cm−1 to 3800 cm−1 prove they are low to medium levels of alkali bearing natural beryl. The wide absorption edge of 320 ~ 465 nm caused by the ultra-violet charge transfer from O2− to Fe3+ and the 650 nm absorption band in E//c-polarization caused by the intervalence charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the main factors affecting the colour of beryl. By applying CIE D65 standard light source and N9 Munsell neutral background as testing conditions, the colour parameters of 82 gem-quality beryl are tested. According to the results, iron-containing beryl colours are classified into yellow, yellowish-green, bluish-green, greenish-blue, and blue by the K-means cluster analysis method. The blue tone has a greater influence on the hue of beryl, while the yellow tone has a greater influence on the chroma. Iron content is higher in yellow and blue beryl. With the increase of iron content, the lightness of beryl decreased and the chroma increased.
Evidence of geoelectrical resistivity values on groundwater conditions in Wadi El Natrun and its vicinities, West Delta, Egypt (cases studies)
Authors: Zarif Fardous M. , Elshenawy Ahmed M. , Barseem Mostafa S. M. , Al-Abaseiry Abdalla A. , Sayed Ahmed N. El 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, Wadi El Natrun and its surroundings have witnessed intensive investments in land reclamation, including the arbitrary drilling of hundreds of groundwater wells. Currently, serious hydrogeological and environmental problems have been addressed, such as groundwater quality degradation and water head drop. Electrical resistivity measurements were performed at six locations across the study area to assess its ability to reveal the heterogeneous subsurface stratigraphic and hydrogeological setting of groundwater aquifer(s). The geoelectrical results successfully reflect the current vulnerable hydrogeological setting of the study sites. The current study highlights the current practice in which farmers rely on isolated 1-dimensional vertical electrical sounding (1D VES), which is not the only exploration tool for such electrically conductive stratigraphic succession. One of the main findings is addressing the advantage of applying 2-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging (2D ERI), where it offers a more robust view of both vertical and lateral variation of the investigated subsurface section (Case 3). On the other hand, the Geographic Information System (GIS) could mirror the present groundwater potentiality status, where both GIS analysis and resistivity results coincide, and where the good potentiality zone is restricted to the west and southwest directions of the study area (area of interest (aoi)), where the resistivity values of water bearing are relatively high and lie on the main drainage (Cases 2, 5, and 6). On the contrary, poor potentiality zones are deemed because of their proximity to tiny attributers, and are characterized by low resistivity values (Cases 1, 3 & 4), Finally, the current research study demonstrates the significance of combining morphometrical analysis with geophysics techniques for such environmental problems, where groundwater is primarily controlled by geomorphological features and geological conditions, including lithology and geological structures.
Silver-doped phosphate coacervates to inhibit pathogenic bacteria associated with wound infections: an in vitro study
Authors: Nikolaou Athanasios , Felipe-Sotelo Monica , Dorey Robert , Gutierrez-Merino Jorge , Carta Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is a great demand from patients requiring skin repair, as a result of poorly healed acute wounds or chronic wounds. These patients are at high risk of constant inflammation that often leads to life-threatening infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new materials that could rapidly stimulate the healing process and simultaneously prevent infections. Phosphate-based coacervates (PC) have been the subject of increased interest due to their great potential in tissue regeneration and as controlled delivery systems. Being bioresorbable, they dissolve over time and simultaneously release therapeutic species in a continuous manner. Of particular interest is the controlled release of metallic antibacterial ions (e.g. Ag+), a promising alternative to conventional treatments based on antibiotics, often associated with antibacterial resistance (AMR). This study investigates a series of PC gels containing a range of concentrations of the antibacterial ion Ag+ (0.1, 0.3 and 0.75 mol%). Dissolution tests have demonstrated controlled release of Ag+ over time, resulting in a significant bacterial reduction (up to 7 log), against both non-AMR and AMR strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Dissolution tests have also shown controlled release of phosphates, Ca2+, Na+ and Ag+ with most of the release occurring in the first 24 h. Biocompatibility studies, assessed using dissolution products in contact with human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and bacterial strains, have shown a significant increase in cell viability (p ≤ 0.001) when gels are dissolved in cell medium compared to the control. These results suggest that gel-like silver doped PCs are promising multifunctional materials for smart wound dressings, being capable of simultaneously inhibit pathogenic bacteria and maintain good cell viability.
Lipocalin 15 in the olfactory mucus is a biomarker for Bowman’s gland activity
Authors: Ijichi Chiori , Kondo Kenji , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Shirasawa Ayaka , Shimbo Kazutaka , Nakata Kunio , Maruyama Yutaka , Ihara Yusuke , Kawato Yayoi , Mannen Teruhisa , Takeshita Rie , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Saito Yuki , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOlfactory mucus contributes to the specific functions of the olfactory mucosa, but the composition and source of mucus proteins have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used comprehensive proteome analysis and identified lipocalin 15 (LCN15), a human-specific lipocalin family protein, as an abundant component of the olfactory mucus. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a newly generated anti-LCN15 antibody showed that LCN15 was concentrated in olfactory mucus samples, but not in respiratory mucus samples. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-LCN15 antibody revealed that LCN15 localized to the cytokeratin 18-positive Bowman's glands of the olfactory cleft mucosa. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the area of LCN15 immunoreactivity along the olfactory cleft mucosa significantly correlated with the area of neuron-specific Protein-Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5) immunoreactivity, suggesting that LCN15 is produced in non-degenerated areas of the olfactory neuroepithelium. ELISA demonstrated that the concentration of LCN15 in the mucus was lower in participants with normal olfaction (≥ 50 years) and also tended to be lower in patients with idiopathic olfactory loss (≥ 50 years) than in participants with normal olfaction (< 50 years). Thus, LCN15 may serve as a biomarker for the activity of the Bowman’s glands.
Clinical risk, sociodemographic factors, and SARS-CoV-2 infection over time in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Udell Jacob A. , Behrouzi Bahar , Sivaswamy Atul , Chu Anna , Ferreira-Legere Laura E. , Fang Jiming , Goodman Shaun G. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Bainey Kevin R. , van Diepen Sean , Kaul Padma , McAlister Finlay A. , Bogoch Isaac I. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Abdel-Qadir Husam , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Ko Dennis T. , Austin Peter C. , Lee Douglas S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether early public health interventions in 2020 mitigated the association of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We conducted a population-based cohort study of all adults in Ontario, Canada who underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 through December 31, 2020. The outcome was laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were determined for sociodemographic and clinical risk factors before and after the first-wave peak of the pandemic to assess for changes in effect sizes. Among 3,167,753 community-dwelling individuals, 142,814 (4.5%) tested positive. The association between age and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk varied over time (P-interaction < 0.0001). Prior to the first-wave peak, SARS-CoV-2 infection increased with age whereas this association reversed thereafter. Risk factors that persisted included male sex, residing in lower income neighborhoods, residing in more racially/ethnically diverse communities, immigration to Canada, hypertension, and diabetes. While there was a reduction in infection rates after mid-April 2020, there was less impact in regions with higher racial/ethnic diversity. Immediately following the initial peak, individuals living in the most racially/ethnically diverse communities with 2, 3, or ≥ 4 risk factors had ORs of 1.89, 3.07, and 4.73-fold higher for SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to lower risk individuals in their community (all P < 0.0001). In the latter half of 2020, this disparity persisted with corresponding ORs of 1.66, 2.48, and 3.70-fold higher, respectively. In the least racially/ethnically diverse communities, there was little/no gradient in infection rates across risk strata. Further efforts are necessary to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the highest risk individuals residing in the most racially/ethnically diverse communities.
Left atrial epicardial adipose tissue is closely associated with left atrial appendage flow velocity in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shao Yameng , Chen Lei , Xu Changjiang , Gao Beibei , Zhang Dongdong , Sang Chuanyi , Zhang Chaoqun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) can play an important role in the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation and stroke. In this study, we explored the relationship between left atrial epicardial adipose tissue (LA-EAT) and left atrial appendage flow velocity (LAA-FV) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NV-AF). A total of 145 patients with NV-AF who underwent their first radiofrequency ablation were enrolled. They underwent left aortopulmonary vein computed tomography angiography (CTA) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before AF ablation. Left atrial (LA) electroanatomical mapping was performed intraoperatively to assess left atrial voltage. Univariate regression analysis showed that LAA-FV was lower in patients with a low voltage zone (LAA-FV; 35.02 ± 10.78 cm/s vs. 50.60 ± 12.17 cm/s, P < 0.001). A multiple linear regression model showed that the left atrial low voltage zone (β = − 0.311 P < 0.001), LA-EAT volume (β = − 0.256 P < 0.001), left atrial appendage shape (β = − 0.216 P = 0.041), LAVI (β = − 0.153 P = 0.041), and type of atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal vs. persistence) (β = − 0.146 P < 0.048) were independent predictors of LAA-FV. In NV-AF patients, the increase in LA-EAT volume is related to the decrease in LAA-FV.