bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐Dependent Strain Relaxation in InAs Quantum Dots on Top of GaAs(111)A Nanopillars
Authors: Riedl Thomas , Kunnathully Vinay S. , Trapp Alexander , Langer Timo , Reuter Dirk , Lindner Jörg K. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe size‐dependent strain relaxation in InAs quantum dots on the top face of GaAs(111)A nanopillars is studied experimentally by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and theoretically using molecular static simulations. In the experiment, a dislocation‐free, coherent state is observed for InAs dimensions below 10 nm in width and 7 nm in height, while 60° misfit dislocations occur for larger sizes. Experimental strain maps reveal the presence of a narrow‐strained region at the heterointerface with a 20–80% width of 1.2 nm in the coherent case and 0.4 nm in the dislocated state, in agreement with simulations. Moreover, an analysis of the amount of misfit relaxed by the observed dislocations shows that the transition between the purely elastic and plastic relaxation regimes appears to be gradual. Intensity profiles of STEM images reveal that the misfit dislocations are located directly at the GaAs/InAs heterointerface.
High Yield Synthesis of Water‐Processable Donor:Acceptor Janus Nanoparticles with Tuned Internal Morphology and Highly Efficient Charge Separation/Transfer
Authors: Du Yixuan , Li Yue , Aftenieva Olha , Tsuda Takuya , Formanek Petr , König Tobias A. F. , Synytska Alla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, for the first time, the high‐yield (87.6%) robust and facile synthesis of water‐processable donor–acceptor Janus nanoparticles (JNP) that are of high potential for optoelectronic applications is reported. The water‐processable JNPs have easily controlled Janus ratios and are of excellent quality, which is shown by energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy. The JNPs exhibit improved charge separation and transfer properties compared to the conventional donor–acceptor nanoparticles which is characterized via both steady‐state and transient photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Janus character of particles allows the combination of two materials into one composite and programs morphology of structures, which can be formed on the basis of the particles. Finally, outstanding performance of JNP‐based photovoltaic cells with 53% improvement of efficiency is shown.
Donor Arylmethylation toward Horizontally Oriented TADF Emitters for Efficient Electroluminescence with 37% External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Feng Quanyou , Qian Yue , Wang Hongjian , Hou Wei , Peng Xinzhe , Xie Songlin , Wang Shasha , Xie Linghai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDesigning thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with high horizontal orientation dipole ratios (Θ//) is regarded as one of the key measures to achieve high light outcoupling efficiency and thus efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, donor arylmethylation is presented to construct horizontally oriented TADF emitters. Two compounds PFDMAC‐TRZ and DPFDMAC‐TRZ are designed and synthesized through Friedel‐Crafts arylmethylation of their parent TADF molecule DMAC‐TRZ with 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorenol. The 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorene substituents endow PFDMAC‐TRZ and DPFDMAC‐TRZ with similar excited states and emission characteristics as DMAC‐TRZ due to the unique σ–π conjugation. Impressively, with an arylmethylated donor, PFDMAC‐TRZ and DPFDMAC‐TRZ show an enhanced horizontal orientation dipole ratio of 78% and 81%, respectively. Green TADF OLED based on DPFDMAC‐TRZ reaches a maximum external quantum efficiency of 37.0% and power efficiency of 124.5 lm W−1, which represents one of the most efficient green OLEDs reported so far. This work provides a facile yet powerful strategy to design and construct horizontally oriented luminogens for high‐performance optical devices.
Monodisperse CuInS2/CdS and CuInZnS2/CdS Core–Shell Nanorods with a Strong Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Portniagin Arsenii S. , Ning Jiajia , Wang Shixun , Li Zhuo , Sergeev Aleksander A. , Kershaw Stephen V. , Zhong Xiaoyan , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven the ubiquitous examples of semiconductor nanorods synthesis, CuInS2‐based anisotropic heterostructures still lag behind in terms of shape/optical properties control. Here, core/shell CuInS2/CdS dot‐in‐rod nanoheterostructures which exhibit high degree of the morphology control, and a strong emission in the near‐infrared range of 700–900 nm, are realized. The authors made use of the seeded growth approach utilizing wurtzite CuInS2 quantum dots as seeds, which allows for tuning the dimension of the resulting core/shell nanorods, including the core size and the shell thickness. Time‐dependent photoluminescence studies reveal slowing down of the recombination rate with increasing thickness of the shell, which is characteristic for the quasi‐type II heterostructure. Alloying of the CuInS2 cores with Zn does not perturb the shell growth process, but enables improvement of the photoluminescence quantum yield of the resulting core/shell CuInZnS2/CdS nanorods to 45%, as compared to ≈30% for CuInS2/CdS nanorods.
Tunable Bandgap Design of Soft Phononic Crystals Using Topology Optimization
Authors: Luo Yangjun , Li Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoft phononic crystals (PnCs) have significant advantages for tuning bandgaps and undergoing reversible large deformations. However, the difficulty of the design arises from the presence of material and geometrical nonlinearities coupled with the energy band performance. This study presents an effective topological optimization method to realize tunable bandgap designs of mechanism‐driven soft PnCs composed of two hyperelastic materials. Based on the material‐field series‐expansion method, the topology optimization model with a small number of topological design variables is defined as maximizing the bandgaps of PnCs before and/or after stretching. The optimization problem is then solved by a gradient‐free algorithm, which eliminates the need for the complex sensitivity analysis. Numerical examples show that using tensile deformation to switch between different acoustic functions can achieve the maintenance, opening, and closing of arbitrary order bandgaps, and the proposed method provides an effective way to design soft PnCs with rapid tunability of bandgaps.
Bi Works as a Li Reservoir for Promoting the Fast‐Charging Performance of Phosphorus Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Ziyi , Wang Huili , Cao Yu , Zhang Baoshan , Liu Xinyi , Mao Chong , Han Xinpeng , Gong Haochen , Yang Zhanxu , Sun Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphorus anodes are a promising for fast‐charging high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries because of their high specific capacity (2596 mAh g–1) and suitable lithiation potential (0.7 V vs Li+/Li). To solve the large volumetric change and inherent poor electrical conductivity, various carbon‐based materials have been studied for loading P. However, the local aggregation of Li ions and electrons in P particles especially in the fast‐charging process induces an uneven lithiation reaction and the great transient stress, leading to poor fast‐charging performance. Herein, bismuth nanoparticles are implanted into a P/graphite (P/C) composite using ball milling. The Bi anode works as a small Li reservoir for trapping Li in the lithiation process and emitting Li in delithiation process prior to P anode, because the Bi anode has a starting lithiation/delithiation potential that is a little bit higher/lower than the P anode. Moreover, the low Li diffusion barrier in Bi and the stable interface between Bi and P enhance the Li reservoir effect of Bi, which promotes fast and uniform lithiation/delithiation reactions and avoids continuous cracking of the Bi‐P/C electrode. Therefore, the Bi‐P/C anode provides a high fast‐charging capacity of 1755.7 mAh g–1 at 7.8 A g–1 (5.2 C) and a high capacity retention of 86.3% after 300 cycles.
De novo loss‐of‐function variant in PTDSS1 is associated with developmental delay
Authors: Gracie Sara , Sengupta Nivedita , Ferreira Carlos , Pemberton Joshua , Anderson Ilse , Wang Xin , Rhodes Lindsay , Brown Kathleen , Balla Tamas , Larson Austin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterozygous de novo missense pathogenic variants in PTDSS1 that result in gain‐of‐function of phosphatidylserine synthase 1 are associated with Lenz–Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism (LMHD). We identified the novel heterozygous de novo variant p.(Leu137Phe) in PTDSS1 in a child with mild‐to‐moderate developmental delay. Skeletal survey revealed no evidence of LMHD in this patient. Functional assessment of the p.Leu137Phe variant was performed by overexpressing the mutant protein into HEK293 cells. Following C14‐serine labeling and TLC analysis of lipids, we observed that the p.(Leu137Phe) variant displayed no catalytic activity compared to the wild‐type enzyme. We conclude that p.(Leu137Phe) variant has decreased enzymatic activity and that is likely to be the etiology of the patient's symptoms given the gene's constraint in the population. This is the first report of the clinical phenotype seen in an individual with a heterozygous loss‐of‐function variant in PTDSS1. This phenotype is distinct from LMHD, which results from gain‐of‐function pathogenic variants in the same gene. Evaluation of the neurodevelopmental phenotype of additional individuals with loss‐of‐function variants in PTDSS1 is indicated to determine the spectrum of associated phenotypes.
Two novel variants in SCARF2 gene underlie van den Ende‐Gupta syndrome
Authors: Karaer Derya , Karaer Kadri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVan den Ende–Gupta syndrome (VDEGS) (MIM#600920) is characterized by skeletal and craniofacial abnormalities that include prominent ears, downslanting palpebral fissures, blepharophimosis, hypoplastic maxilla with or without a cleft palate, a narrow and convex nasal bridge and an everted lower lip, camptodactyly and arachnodactyly. Intelligence is normal. Recent studies have reported that patients with VDEGS have pathogenic variants in the SCARF2 gene on chromosome 22q11.21. Here, we report two Turkish patients with two novel variants [c.2291_2292insC (p.Ser765LeufsTer6) and c.488G>A (p.Cys63Tyr)] in the SCARF2 gene. In silico analysis predicted that both of these novel variants were pathogenic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of this syndrome in Turkey.
A Secretory Vesicle Failure in Parkinson's Disease Occurs in Human Platelets
Authors: Montenegro Pablo , Pueyo Mercedes , Lorenzo Jesús Norelis , Villar‐Martinez María Dolores , Alayón Antonio , Carrillo Francisco , Borges Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe presence of elevated dopamine (DA) and its major metabolites in the cytosol of neurons has been associated with their vulnerability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 99% of the cell's amines are confined to secretory vesicles (SVs), making these structures fundamental in the regulation of cytosolic DA levels. SVs of platelets use similar, if not the same mechanisms to accumulate serotonin in SVs as dopaminergic neurons do to store DA. Hence, any functional defects in platelets probably mirrors events in DA neurons.MethodsWe have isolated fresh platelets from the blood of 75 PD patients, 116 matched controls and 24 patients with Parkinsonism, assaying serotonin handling (basal content, accumulation, secretion and spontaneous leakage).ResultsWe found a dramatic decrease in the serotonin content and uptake by SVs, as well as decreased thrombin‐induced release by platelets from PD patients but not in those from most Parkinsonism cases. Platelets from PD patients also failed to retain serotonin in SVs.InterpretationThese findings indicate a functional impairment in the handling of amines by SVs in PD patients. This defect may serve as a biomarker of PD, and the approach described here may be potentially used for the subclinical detection of PD and to establish a platform to assay disease modifying drugs. ANN NEUROL 2022
MS‐Driven Metabolic Alterations Are Recapitulated in iPSC‐Derived Astrocytes
Authors: Ghirotto Bruno , Oliveira Danyllo F. , Cipelli Marcella , Basso Paulo J. , de Lima Jean , Breda Cristiane N. S. , Ribeiro Henrique C. , Silva Camille C. C. , Sertié Andrea L. , Oliveira Antonio Edson R. , Hiyane Meire I. , Caldini Elia G. , Sussulini Alessandra , Nakaya Helder I. , Kowaltowski Alicia J. , Oliveira Enedina M. L. , Zatz Mayana , Câmara Niels O. S. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveAstrocytes play a significant role in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, for ethical reasons, most studies in these cells were performed using the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis model. As there are significant differences between human and mouse cells, we aimed here to better characterize astrocytes from patients with MS (PwMS), focusing mainly on mitochondrial function and cell metabolism.MethodsWe obtained and characterized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived astrocytes from three PwMS and three unaffected controls, and performed electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytokine and glutamate measurements, gene expression, in situ respiration, and metabolomics. We validated our findings using a single‐nuclei RNA sequencing dataset.ResultsWe detected several differences in MS astrocytes including: (i) enrichment of genes associated with neurodegeneration, (ii) increased mitochondrial fission, (iii) increased production of superoxide and MS‐related proinflammatory chemokines, (iv) impaired uptake and enhanced release of glutamate, (v) increased electron transport capacity and proton leak, in line with the increased oxidative stress, and (vi) a distinct metabolic profile, with a deficiency in amino acid catabolism and increased sphingolipid metabolism, which have already been linked to MS.InterpretationHere we describe the metabolic profile of iPSC‐derived astrocytes from PwMS and validate this model as a very powerful tool to study disease mechanisms and to perform non‐invasive drug targeting assays in vitro. Our findings recapitulate several disease features described in patients and provide new mechanistic insights into the metabolic rewiring of astrocytes in MS, which could be targeted in future therapeutic studies. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:652–669
Comparison of vertebrate skin structure at class level: A review
Authors: Akat Esra , Yenmiş Melodi , Pombal Manuel A. , Molist Pilar , Megías Manuel , Arman Sezgi , Veselỳ Milan , Anderson Rodolfo , Ayaz Dinçer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism. Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that holds the body together, covers and protects it, and provides communication with its environment. It is also the body's primary line of defense, especially for anamniotes. All vertebrates have multilayered skin composed of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The vital mission of the integument in aquatic vertebrates is mucus secretion. Cornification began in apmhibians, improved in reptilians, and endured in avian and mammalian epidermis. The feather, the most ostentatious and functional structure of avian skin, evolved in the Mesozoic period. After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds continued to diversify, followed by the enlargement, expansion, and diversification of mammals, which brings us to the most complicated skin organization of mammals with differing glands, cells, physiological pathways, and the evolution of hair. Throughout these radical changes, some features were preserved among classes such as basic dermal structure, pigment cell types, basic coloration genetics, and similar sensory features, which enable us to track the evolutionary path. The structural and physiological properties of the skin in all classes of vertebrates are presented. The purpose of this review is to go all the way back to the agnathans and follow the path step by step up to mammals to provide a comparative large and updated survey about vertebrate skin in terms of morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, and immunology.
Kreislaufeffektives Potenzial von Holz im Hallenbau
Authors: Graf Jürgen , Shi Wenchang , Birk Stephan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDie lineare Wirtschaft des ungezügelten Ressourcenverbrauchs ist durch den kontrollierten Ressourcengebrauch im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft zu ersetzen, und das in den planetaren und sozialen Grenzen. Für den global maßgeblichen Klimaschädling, den Bausektor, wird Bauen in Kreislaufwirtschaft mittelfristig eine signifikante Reduktion der grauen Emissionen und des Ressourcenverbrauchs bedeuten. Essenzielle Forderungen für alle Neu‐ und Umbauten, für Aufstockungen und Bestandsanierungen sind die Abfallvermeidung, die Wiederverwendung und die Nutzungsflexibilität. Diese kreislaufeffektiven Maßnahmen sind durch Elementierung, Standardisierung und Reversibilität der Bauteile umsetzbar. Wir haben kein Erkenntnisproblem. Wir haben ein politisch und wirtschaftlich motiviertes Umsetzungsproblem. Es braucht jetzt die konsequente kreislaufeffektive Bauwende durch den Wandel in Politik und Wirtschaft. Die Umsetzung gelingt auf der Grundlage einer neuen Tektonik des Entwerfens und Bauens. Wiederverwendung ohne Wertverlust elementierter, standardisierter Bauteile (Re‐use) muss das Ziel sein. Dafür ist ein reversibles, form‐ und kraftschlüssiges Konstruieren mit dem nachwachsenden Kohlenstoffspeicher Holz im Besonderen geeignet und im vorliegenden Beitrag am Beispiel eines Hallenbaus veranschaulicht. Disruptive Innovationen und Technologien durch Robotik, künstliche Intelligenz sowie digitale Transformation dienen als Werkzeuge zur Umsetzung.
Fluorine‐Free Electrolytes for Lithium and Sodium Batteries
Authors: Hernández Guiomar , Mogensen Ronnie , Younesi Reza , Mindemark Jonas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFluorinated components in the form of salts, solvents and/or additives are a staple of electrolytes for high‐performance Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries, but this comes at a cost. Issues like potential toxicity, corrosivity and environmental concerns have sparked interest in fluorine‐free alternatives. Of course, these electrolytes should be able to deliver performance that is on par with the electrolytes being in use today in commercial batteries. This begs the question: Are we there yet? This review outlines why fluorine is regarded as an essential component in battery electrolytes, along with the numerous problems it causes and possible strategies to eliminate it from Li‐ and Na‐ion battery electrolytes. The examples provided demonstrate the possibilities of creating fully fluorine‐free electrolytes with similar performance as their fluorinated counterparts, but also that there is still a lot of room for improvement, not least in terms of optimizing the fluorine‐free systems independently of their fluorinated predecessors.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms and financial toxicity among adolescent and young adult oncology patients and their caregivers at cancer diagnosis
Authors: Baum Laura V. , Koyama Tatsuki , Schremp Emma A. , Zhang Kevin , Rodweller Casey A. , Roth Marissa C. , Compas Bruce E. , Friedman Debra L. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAdolescent and young adult oncology (AYAO) patients and caregivers may experience significant psychosocial dysfunction and financial toxicity. Understanding early risk factors is critical to improving survivorship trajectories.MethodsThe authors conducted a cross‐sectional study of baseline survey data from a prospective cohort of AYAO patient‐caregiver dyads enrolled within 1 month of medical oncology treatment initiation. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were measured by the Impacts of Events Scale–Revised, and financial toxicity was measured with the Comprehensive Score (COst). The authors fit models of linear association between PTSS, financial toxicity, and other end points and pairwise associations of PTSS and financial toxicity within dyads.ResultsThe analytic cohort contained 41 patients, 37 caregivers, and 34 complete dyads. Clinically‐concerning PTSS were observed among patients (44%) and caregivers (52%). The median COst scores were 20.0 for patients (quartiles, 12.5‐29.5) and 22.0 for caregivers (quartiles, 12.8‐26.0), which were consistent with high financial toxicity (patients, 46%; caregivers, 44%). PTSS were positively associated with financial toxicity (P = .013 for patients, P = .039 for caregivers), subjective distress (P < .001 for all), depressive (P < .001 for all) and anxiety symptoms (P = .005 for patients, P = .024 for caregivers), and poorer quality of life (P < .001 for patients, P = .003 for caregivers). A significant paired association was not found in PTSS (Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.15 to 0.56). Financial toxicity was positively associated within dyads (PCC, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.83).ConclusionsAt diagnosis, AYAO patients and caregivers exhibit substantial PTSS, which are associated with greater financial toxicity and other psychosocial distress.
Osteosarcoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program‐based analysis from 1975 to 2017
Authors: Cole Sarah , Gianferante D. Matthew , Zhu Bin , Mirabello Lisa 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundOsteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy. As a rare cancer, population‐based studies remain small with limited information on finer demographic categories. Recent studies have reported important genetic differences based on age and ethnicity, and more detailed studies are needed to better understand potentially important osteosarcoma risk groups.MethodsIncidence and survival rates for 5016 patients with osteosarcoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (1975‐2017) were analyzed by age (0‐9, 10‐24, 25‐59, and >60 years old), race/ethnicity, histologic subtype, stage, and tumor location using SEER*Stat software.ResultsFor cases 0 to 9 years old, incidence of primary osteosarcoma was similar between the sexes, increased significantly throughout the study period (P < .05), and the 5‐year relative survival has steadily increased over time. Blacks had the highest incidence in all aged cases combined and a significant increase in incidence throughout the study period (P < .05). Overall, survival rates for all cases have remained relatively unchanged over recent decades, with worse survival observed in males, American Indian/Alaska Native cases, older patients, metastatic disease, axial tumors, and subsequent osteosarcoma cases. For cases 0 to 24 years old, the incidence of subsequent osteosarcoma increased 3‐fold since the 2000s.ConclusionImportant differences in osteosarcoma incidence and survival, particularly for the youngest children, ethnic minorities, and subsequent osteosarcoma, are identified. A genetic risk factor may be associated with observed ancestry‐specific incidence differences and illustrates the importance of analyzing osteosarcoma by specific age groups and ethnicities to better understand their unique epidemiology and underlying biology.Lay Summary

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer, but still a relatively rare disease, and previous studies have had limited information on finer demographics.

Using a large database, osteosarcoma incidence and survival patterns are thoroughly evaluated and important differences, especially for the youngest children, ethnic minorities, and subsequent osteosarcoma cases, are identified.