bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival rate and predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected adult patients: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lelisho Mesfin Esayas , Wotale Teramaj Wongel , Tareke Seid Ali , Alemu Bizuwork Derebew , Hassen Sali Suleman , Yemane Daniel Melese , Korsa Birhanu Bedada , Bedaso Namso Geda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNowadays, Tuberculosis remains the major cause of HIV-associated mortality, which accounts for 1 out of every 5 HIV-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the survival rate and predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected patients. An institution-based retrospective cohort study was undertaken on adult TB/HIV co-infected individuals between 1st February 2014 and 30th January 2022 at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. A Cox regression model was used to identify predictors of survival time to death among TB/HIV co-infected patients. This study comprised 402 TB and HIV co-infected adult patients. Among these, 84 (20.9%) died, and 318 (79.1%) were censored. The study subjects have been followed up for 6920 person-months with an overall median survival time of 17.6 months. The overall incidence rate was 12.1 per 1000 person months [95% CI: 9.77–14.98]. The results of a multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that being at an older age, urban residence, WHO clinical stage II & IV, CD4 count of ≥ 200 cells/mm3, bedridden functional status, using INH, and using CPT were associated with the survival time of TB and HIV co-infected patients at a significance level of alpha = 0.05. This retrospective study found that high mortality of TB/HIV co-infected patients occurred in the earlier months of treatment initiation. Close monitoring of patients with low CD4, who do not utilize CPT, who are in advanced WHO stages, and who have poor functional levels can help them improve their health and live longer.
Temporal variation and grade categorization of methane emission from LNG fueling stations
Authors: Wang Yifan , Tang Jianfeng , Xie Donglai , Li Fei , Xue Ming , Zhao Bo , Yu Xiao , Wen Xiaojin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNatural gas is increasingly seen as the fossil fuel of choice for China as it transitions to renewable sources. The significant development of China’s LNG vehicle application and fueling stations and the urgency of climate changes make it particularly important to quantify methane emission from LNG stations, where the data are extremely rare. We carried out a pilot study on direct measurement and quantitative analysis of methane emission from five LNG fueling stations located in Shandong, China following the standard stationary EPA OTM 33A method. The measured methane emission of these five stations vary from 0.01 to 8.76 kg/h. The loss rates vary from 0.004 to 0.257%. We demonstrated that the emission from LNG stations consist of continuous and intermittent contents. The intermittent emission shows a strong temporal variation. If a station is only monitored for 20 min, it may either under-estimate or over-estimate the total emission. Both the distribution of emission events and total emission rates among different stations are highly skewed. We found that these LNG fueling station emission can be categorized into 3 grades, as low, medium and high, corresponding to emission rates below 0.1 kg/h; between 0.1 and 1 kg/h and above 1 kg/h, which can be characterized by the measured average methane concentration enhancement.
Distributed wireless network resource optimisation method based on mobile edge computing
Authors: Jiang Jiongting , Quan Chao , Qian Kai , Pan Jiefeng , Yang Yueping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor caching and forwarding problems in mobile networks, a new method of caching and forwarding in mobile networks based on boundary computing is proposed. Using Problem Optimisation to Transform Joint Optimal Problems into Linear Programming Problems and online algorithms, such as real‐time caching and forwarding, are designed. The network ranking leader, consumption amount, and network signal reception of the three algorithms are compared. The study found that in terms of network sort captain, there are significant differences between the CPLEX algorithm, the cell clustering for spatial transcriptomics (CCST) algorithm, and edge computing methods. The CCST algorithm and edge computing have little difference in queue length with small queue length and low latency. However, the CPLEX algorithm has a long queue, resulting in high latency. In terms of amount spent, at the beginning, the edge computing method requires more costly than the linear programming method. But as the beta value increases, so does its amount spent. Although the amount spent of the CPLEX algorithm is low, it is not accepted by users in terms of network delay. In terms of the network signal reception, the edge computing method is 18.3% higher than the linear programming method, and the network signal reception of the CPLEX algorithm is low. Under the premise of higher network signal reception and smaller queue length, higher delivery costs can be achieved and can be adjusted by the size. It can make the consumption amount and the network congestion level to be satisfied.
Modeling disks and magnetic outflows around a forming massive star
Authors: Oliva André , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: November 2022

Context.Forming massive stars launch outflows of magnetic origin, which in fact serve as a marker for finding sites of massive star formation. However, both the theoretical and observational study of the mechanisms that intervene in the formation and propagation of such magnetically driven outflows has been possible only until recent years.Aims.With this work, we aim to study the mechanisms that drive highly collimated outflows from early stages of the formation of a massive star, in detail, and how those processes are impacted by the properties of the natal environment of the forming massive star.Methods.We performed a series of 31 simulations with the aim of building a unified theoretical picture of these mechanisms, and determined how the impact of different environments alter their morphology and momentum output. The magnetohydrodynamical simulations also consider Ohmic dissipation as a nonideal effect, self-gravity, and diffusive radiation transport for thermal absorption and emission by the dust and gas. We started from a collapsing cloud core that is threaded by an initially uniform magnetic field and which is slowly rotating. We utilized a two-dimensional axisymmetric grid in spherical coordinates.Results.In the simulations, we can clearly distinguish a fast, magneto-centrifugally launched and collimated jet (of speeds ≳100 km s−1), from a wider magnetic tower flow driven by magnetic pressure which broadens in time. We analyze the acceleration of the flow, in detail, and its recollimation by magnetic forces happening at distances of several hundreds of astronomical units. We quantify the impact of magnetic braking in the outflows, which narrows the outflow cavity for the late evolution of the system. We find that despite the nonscalability of self-gravity and the thermodynamics of the medium, our results scale with the mass of the cloud core and can, in principle, be used with a range of values for such mass. We observe the presence of the same jet-driving mechanisms for a wide range of assumptions on the natal environment of the massive protostar, but with changes to their morphology and mechanical feedback into larger scales over time.
Bradykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen – neue Devices und Techniken
Authors: Reincke Samuel , Delgado Maryuri , Vogler Julia , Tilz Roland Richard 
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?
Neue ESC-Leitlinien Um die Beurteilung und Behandlung von Patienten mit Bradykardie weiter zu optimieren, sind im vergangenen Jahr neue Leitlinien zur Herzschrittmacher-Therapie und kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) erschienen. Diese beinhalten neue Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik, zum Umgang mit Reflexsynkopen und zu Behandlungsalgorithmen bei Synkopen und Schenkelblöcken.
Sondenlose Schrittmacher Die Nutzung sondenloser Schrittmacher wird bei ausgewählten und insbesondere multimorbiden Patienten als Alternative zur herkömmlichen transvenösen Schrittmacher-Implantation diskutiert.
Conduction System Pacing Das Conduction System Pacing als physiologische Stimulationsform wurde erstmalig in die Leitlinien aufgenommen.
N-Fluorenyltryptamines as a Useful Platform for Catalytic Enantio­selective Pictet–Spengler Reactions
Authors: Adili Alafate , Sole Aniket V. , Seidel Daniel , Das Bishwaprava , Matter Megan E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the presence of a thiourea–carboxylic acid catalyst, N-9-fluorenyltryptamines undergo highly enantioselective Pictet–Spengler reactions with a range of aldehydes. The reaction works particularly well with aromatic aldehydes, tolerating electronically diverse substituents in all ring positions. Electron-deficient tryptamines are viable substrates. Removal of the fluorenyl protecting group is readily accomplished without deterioration of product ee.
Borylation of Alkenyl Carbamates by Means of Sodium Metal
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Koyama Shunsuke , Takahashi Fumiya , Saito Hayate 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTreatment of alkenyl carbamates with sodium dispersion and a co-existing boron electrophile affords alkenylboronates via the reductive cleavage of the vinylic C–O bond. The key to this borylation is an instant trapping of reactive organosodium species with the co-existing boron electrophile.
Using New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry data to assess United States and European post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines
Authors: Liu Margaret C. , Anderson Joseph C. , Hisey William , MacKenzie Todd A. , Robinson Christina M. , Butterly Lynn F. 
Published: November 2022

Background Our goal was to compare the updated European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and United States Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer (USMSTF) high risk groups in predicting metachronous advanced neoplasia on first follow-up colonoscopy and long-term colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods We compared advanced metachronous neoplasia risk (serrated polyps ≥ 1 cm or with dysplasia, advanced adenomas [≥ 1 cm, villous, high grade dysplasia], CRC) on first surveillance colonoscopy in patients with high risk findings according to ESGE versus USMSTF guidelines. We also compared the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of both guidelines for metachronous neoplasia.
Results The risk for metachronous neoplasia in our sample (n = 20 458) was higher in the high risk USMSTF (3 year) (13.6 %; 95 %CI 12.3–14.9) and ESGE groups (13.6 %; 95 %CI 12.3–15.0) compared with the lowest risk USMSTF (5.1 %; 95 %CI 4.7–5.5; P < 0.001) and ESGE categories (6.3 %; 95 %CI 6.0–6.7; P < 0.001), respectively. Adding other groups such as USMSTF 5–10-year and 3–5-year groups to the 3-year category resulted in minimal change in the PPV and NPV for metachronous advanced neoplasia. High risk ESGE (hazard ratio [HR] 3.03, 95 %CI 1.97–4.65) and USMSTF (HR 3.07, 95 %CI 2.03–4.66) designations were associated with similar long-term CRC risk (CRC per 100 000 person-years: USMSTF 3-year group 3.54, 95 %CI 2.68–4.68; ESGE high risk group: 3.43, 95 %CI 2.57–4.59).
Conclusion Performance characteristics for the ESGE and USMSTF recommendations are similar in predicting metachronous advanced neoplasia and long-term CRC. The addition of risk groups, such as the USMSTF 5–10-year and 3–5-year groups to the USMSTF 3-year category did not alter the PPV or NPV significantly.
Internal Offloading or Surgical Offloading Adjuvant Techniques in the Reconstruction of Diabetic Plantar First Metatarsal Head Ulcer For Lasting Results
Authors: Balakrishnan Thalaivirithan Margabandu , Madhurbootheswaran Srividya , Butcha Vanya , Elangovan Anjana , Jaganmohan J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction Management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is subverted by recurrences. The main cause for the recurrence of DFUs is the failure to recognize and address all the faulty biomechanics precipitating and perpetuating the ulcer. So, we have devised a protocol for treating the diabetic plantar first metatarsal head ulcer (DPFMHUs) incorporating structured internal offloading procedures in conjunction with reconstruction.
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate our protocol in the management of DPFMHUs.
Materials and Methods Fifty-one patients (31 males and 20 females) with DPFMHUs were managed with our protocol in this prospective cohort study conducted from March 2015 to March 2020. All the faulty biomechanics were addressed by tailored internal offloading procedure as per the protocol.
Results All patients were followed up for an average period of 23.7 months. Early complications were in the form of wound infection (3 patients, 5.9%) and seroma/hematoma (2 patients, 3.9%). Late complication in the form of recurrence was seen only in one patient (1.9%); rest of the patients had no recurrence (98%). Transfer lesions were noted in six patients (11.8%).
Conclusion Our tailored protocol, which addresses all the faulty biomechanics associated with the DPFMHU, may be very helpful in preventing the recurrence and to give lasting results. It is imperative to design a tailored internal/surgical offloading procedure for all deforming forces that are responsible for precipitation and perpetuation of DPFMHUs, in addition to like tissue reconstruction.
Assessment of Four Serum Biochemical Markers in Elderly Patients with Vascular Dementia after Cerebral Infarction and Their Response to Donepezil and Idebenone
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Li Qin , Peng Tao , Zhou Qianwen , He Bihua , Zhu Bifeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective Our study aimed to explore four serum levels of biochemical markers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), homocysteine (Hcy), nitric oxide (NO), and γ-interferon (IFN-γ), in elderly patients with vascular dementia (VD) after the cerebral infarction and to elucidate possible connections between them.
Method The elderly patients with VD after cerebral infarction admitted in our hospital, and the elderly persons for physical examination from November 2020 to December 2021 were included in this study. The serum levels of BDNF, Hcy, NO, and IFN-γ were compared between the study group and the control group.
Results In the study group, the serum levels of Hcy and IFN-γ were significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas significantly lower serum levels of BDNF and NO were found in the study group compared with the control group. After receiving the intervention of donepezil and/or idebenone, the serum levels of Hcy and IFN-γ in group B were significantly lower than that in group A, while the serum levels of BDNF and NO in group B were significantly higher than that in Group A.
Conclusion The results of our study showed abnormally expressed serum levels of Hcy, IFN-γ, BDNF, and NO in elderly patients with VD after cerebral infarction which might strongly reflect the severity of VD. Moreover, after intervention of donepezil alone or combined with idebenone, the changes of serum levels of Hcy, IFN-γ, BDNF, and NO may reflect the curative effect of the disease.
Toward fully coherent soft x-ray free-electron laser via echo-enabled harmonic generation in fourth generation synchrotron light sources
Authors: Yang X. , Penn G. , Smaluk V. , Huang X. , Yu L. H. , Shaftan T. 
Published: November 2022

Having previously reported on bunching via echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) as an effective way to improve the longitudinal coherence in the NSLS-II storage ring [X. Yang et al., Sci. Rep. 12, 9437 (2022)], we demonstrate that this EEHG scheme can be easily adopted to any fourth generation diffraction-limited synchrotron light source with significant benefits. The advantage of the scheme is that it requires no change of the lattice and is fully compatible with other beamlines. Since the EEHG performance is mainly determined by the momentum compaction, beam emittances, and beta functions of a SR lattice, we have identified these crucial parameters and successfully built a generalized model, which can predict the performance of nearly any SLS. Regarding the fourth generation SLSs, momentum compactions are often significantly smaller; thus, to cover the x rays with a photon energy of up to 1 keV, we utilize a specific design, including a 250 nm seed-laser wavelength. Our model predicts that for most of the current and future fourth generation SLSs, the EEHG scheme can produce significant prebunching up to harmonic 200 and, thus, generate a few MW scale peak power at 1.25 nm wavelength.
Low-temperature copper–copper quasi-direct bonding with cobalt passivation layer
Authors: Wang Peng , Shao Yun-Hao , Ni Zi-Hong , Hu Chun-Feng , Qu Xin-Ping 
Published: November 2022

In this work, an ultra-thin cobalt film is used as a passivation layer to achieve a Cu–Cu quasi-direct bonding process, and successful bonding was achieved at the bonding temperature of 230 °C with the bonding pressure of 0.5 MPa in non-vacuum conditions. A tensile bonding strength of over 12.8 MPa can be achieved. With the cobalt layer, the total film roughness is greatly reduced to around 1 nm, and the cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images reveal the presence of a void-free bonding interface. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth analysis is carried out using a PVD deposited multilayer sample, which simulates the bonding process without pressure. It is found that a Cu–Co intermixing layer formed between the Cu and Co interfaces during annealing, and Cu has diffused into the Co layer. Due to the nanocrystalline structure of the Co film and the low roughness of the system, a low bonding temperature can be achieved. These results demonstrate that Co, which can be selectively grown on the Cu surface, can be used as a passivation layer to achieve low-cost and high-quality interconnect for the three-dimensional integrated circuits.
Density functional theory study of different metal dopants influence on the structural and electronic properties of a tetragonal α-PbO
Authors: Geldasa Fikadu Takele , Kebede Mesfin Abayneh , Shura Megersa Wodajo , Hone Fekadu Gashaw 
Published: November 2022

In this work, using the Quantum ESPRESSO package, density functional theory was used to study the effects of different metal dopants on the structural and electronic properties of tetragonal α-PbO. Tetragonal α-PbO has attracted attention due to its application in various optoelectronic devices. However, in order to apply it in these technologies suitably, its properties have to be improved since it has low electronic conductivity. In this study, nine different metals from alkali metals, p-block metals, and 3d-transition metals have been used as dopants to investigate its electronic properties. Moreover, the performance of four pseudopotentials was tested. Via the partial density of state and band structure calculations, an indirect bandgap was found for pristine α-PbO. The generalized gradient approximation of the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange correlation with ultrasoft pseudopotential gives 1.75 eV for pristine α-PbO, which decreased during the incorporation of different metal dopants. Depending on the position of the Fermi level and impurity energy level in metal doping, the n- or p-type conductivity has been identified. The calculated partial density of states shows the contribution of orbital states of dopants to the partial density of states. The valence band maximum is mainly made of O-2p states whereas the conduction band minimum is dominated by Pb-6p states in undoped α-PbO. The calculated lattice constants were a = b = 3.997 Å and c = 5.220 Å, which are in best agreement with the experimental values. The computational study verified that doping various metals had a significant effect on the structural and electronic properties of α-PbO.
Spectra of CO2-Rg2 and CO2-Rg-He trimers (Rg = Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe): Intermolecular CO2 rock, vibrational shifts and three-body effects
Authors: Barclay A. J. , McKellar A. R. W. , Moazzen-Ahmadi N. 
Published: November 2022

Weakly bound CO2-Rg2 trimers are studied by high-resolution (0.002 cm−1) infrared spectroscopy in the region of the CO2 ν3 fundamental band (≈2350 cm−1), using a tunable optical parametric oscillator to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion with an effective rotational temperature of about 2 K. CO2–Ar2 spectra have been reported previously, but they are extended here to include Rg = Ne, Kr, and Xe as well as new combination and hot bands. For Kr and Xe, a unified scaled parameter scheme is used to account for the many possible isotopic species. Vibrational shifts of CO2-Rg2 trimers are compared to those of CO2-Rg dimers, and in all cases the trimer shifts are slightly more positive (blue-shifted) than expected on the basis of linear extrapolation from the dimer. Combination bands directly measure an intermolecular vibrational mode (the CO2 rock) and give values of about 32.2, 33.8, and 34.7 cm−1 for CO2–Ar2, –Kr2, and –Xe2. Structural parameters derived for CO2-Rg2 trimers are compared with those of CO2-Rg and Rg2 dimers. Spectra of the mixed trimers CO2-Rg-He are also reported.
Beyond single-crystal surfaces: The GAL21 water/metal force field
Authors: Clabaut Paul , Beisert Matthieu , Michel Carine , Steinmann Stephan N. 
Published: November 2022

Solvent effects are notoriously difficult to describe for metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we introduce GAL21 which is the first pairwise additive force field that is specifically designed to modulate the near chemisorption energy of water as a function of the coordination numbers of the metallic atoms. We find a quadratic dependence to be most suitable for capturing the dependence of the adsorption energy of water on the generalized coordination number (GCN) of the metal atoms. GAL21 has been fitted against DFT adsorption energies for Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Co on 500 configurations and validated on about 3000 configurations for each metal, constructed on five surfaces with GCNs varying from 2.5 to 11.25. Depending on the metals, the root mean square deviation is found between 0.7 kcal mol−1 (Au) to 1.6 kcal mol−1 (Ni). Using GAL21, as implemented in the open-source code CP2K, we then evaluate the solvation energy of Au55 and Pt55 NPs in water using thermodynamic integration. The solvation free energy is found to be larger for Pt than for Au and systematically larger than 200 kcal mol−1, demonstrating the large impact of solvent on the surface energetics of NPs. Still, given that the amorphous NPs are both, the most stable and the most solvated ones, we do not predict a change in the preferred morphology between the gas-phase and in water. Finally, based on a linear regression on three sizes of NPs (from 38 to 147), the solvation energy for Au and Pt surface atoms is found to be −5.2 and −9.9 kcal mol−1, respectively.