bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonadherence to lipid‐lowering therapy and strategies to improve adherence in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Desai Nihar R. , Farbaniec Michael , Karalis Dean G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the availability of effective therapies that lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, many eligible patients are inadequately treated and their LDL‐C levels remain suboptimal. Patient nonadherence to lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) is a major contributor to the failure of LDL‐C goal attainment. Several factors have been identified as contributing to LLT nonadherence, including healthcare disparities due to socioeconomic status, age, race, sex, and cost; limited access to healthcare; perceived side effects associated with LLT; health literacy; and the presence of comorbidities. Suboptimal LLT use has also been associated with clinician factors, including failure to identify patients who require LDL‐C reassessment, insufficient LDL‐C monitoring, and clinical inertia such as a lack of therapy intensification. Several strategies to enhance LLT adherence have been shown to be effective, including the implementation of educational initiatives and tools for both patients and physicians, the use of clinical protocols and algorithms to identify patients at risk and optimize treatment, and improvements in electronic healthcare records. Pharmacy‐based programs designed to help patients with prescription refills, including reminders or the use of prescription delivery by mail, have also proven effective. Drugs requiring frequent administration can represent a barrier to treatment adherence; therefore, newer, more effective LLTs with lower frequency of administration and lower potential for polypharmacy may improve patient adherence to LLT. Implementation of strategies to identify patients at risk for LLT nonadherence and the use of flexible tools such as telemedicine to overcome geographical barriers may improve LLT adherence.
Late effects and treatment related morbidity associated with treatment of neuroblastoma patients in a tertiary paediatric centre
Authors: Yeung Veronica , Gabriel Melissa , Padhye Bhavna D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvival of neuroblastoma patients has improved over recent decades, but chronic health issues and treatment related late effects cause significant morbidity in survivors.AimsWe aimed to describe late effects and long‐term toxicity in neuroblastoma patients treated at a tertiary, paediatric institution in Australia.Methods & ResultsPatients with neuroblastoma treated primarily at The Children's hospital at Westmead were eligible for inclusion. Retrospective analysis of 65 (45 with high‐risk and 20 with non‐high‐risk disease) neuroblastoma patients were performed via medical record review. Approximately 60% of patients were >5 years from diagnosis and termed the “full effects cohort” who had a range of medical and psychosocial late effects analysed through descriptive means. The remaining 26 patients who had not yet reached 5 years post treatment had audiometry analysis only. Of the 65 patients, 72% were alive at last follow‐up. The median length of follow‐up was 7 years from diagnosis amongst survivors. Therapy was according to contemporary protocols for neuroblastoma and ranged from standard cytotoxic therapies to intensive multimodal regimens and/or experimental therapy depending on risk group/relapse status. Of the 39 full effects cohort, 85% suffered from at least one late effect. Late effects were common in the endocrine, dental and audiometry domains with 38%, 49% and 72% of patients affected in these areas, respectively. Neuro‐cognitive domains were also notably affected with 46% of patients suffering a deficit. Two thirds of survivors were disease free at last follow‐up.ConclusionSurvivors of high‐risk neuroblastoma suffer from a range of chronic illnesses, which lead to morbidity and affect quality of life of survivors.
Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Microspheres as Efficient Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Reaction under Mild Conditions
Authors: Chen Shisen , Li Zhongwei , Yuan Wenbo , Duan Wensheng , Qiao Congde , Yao Jinshui , Zhang Changbin , Zhao Hui , Li Mei , Yang Guihua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInspired by the formation of microspheres by hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4, 4′‐sulfonyldiphenol, polyphosphazene‐functionalized microspheres were developed. Benefits from the supported supper basic phosphazene, the yield exceeded 99 % at room temperature in the manner of second‐order reaction kinetics toward Knoevenagel reaction and was still maintained at 99 % after 16 runs. In the experimental temperature from 0 °C to 90 °C, the yield increased from 92 % to 99 %, reflecting that the catalyst had strong applicability under mild conditions. This behavior was conducive to energy conservation. Meanwhile, simple separation and recovery further enhanced this advantage. In addition, the catalyst was also found to be insensitive to aqueous solution or organic solvents such as toluene, THF, EtOH and CH3CN. This property gave the Knoevenagel reaction a vast choice. All these features exhibit that this novel catalyst is an attractive and applicable alternative in organic synthesis.
Communicating corporate social responsibility: How fit, specificity, and cognitive fluency drive consumer skepticism and response
Authors: Lim Rachel Esther , Lee Wei‐Na 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research examined consumer responses to a company's communication of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Two prestudies verified the impact of company‐cause fit and message specificity on consumer skepticism toward CSR initiatives. These studies also showed that the resulting skepticism mediated the consumer responses. The main study explored how company‐cause fit and message specificity jointly influenced consumer skepticism and how this could be mediated by cognitive fluency. The results demonstrate that company‐cause fit and message specificity interacted and influenced consumer skepticism. In addition, cognitive fluency was found to be the key factor that explained this joint impact. These results explain how skepticism influences consumer responses to CSR. Theoretical and practical suggestions for effective CSR communication are provided.
Sex differences in body composition in youth with type 1 diabetes and its predictive value in cardiovascular disease risk assessment
Authors: Brener Avivit , Hamama Sandy , Interator Hagar , Ben Simon Asaf , Laurian Irina , Dorfman Anna , Chorna Efrat , Yackobovitch‐Gavan Michal , Oren Asaf , Eyal Ori , Lebenthal Yael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more susceptible than men to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Signs of increased risk may already appear among adolescent girls.ObjectivesWe explored the contribution of body composition to the development of CVD risk factors among youth with T1D.MethodsOne hundred and eighty nine subjects with T1D (mean age 15.3 ± 5.1 years, 55% boys) followed between January 2018–January 2022 were included in this observational study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical files. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle‐to‐fat ratio (MFR) z‐scores were calculated. Logistic regression model assessed the association between body composition (MFR z‐scores) and evidence of CVD risk factors.ResultsFemales were characterised by higher median BMI z‐scores (0.47 vs. 0.04, p = 0.012), higher fat and truncal fat percentage levels (p ≤ 0.001) and lower median MFR z‐scores (−0.64 vs. −0.25, p ≤ 0.001), higher median triglyceride (TG) levels (71 vs. 61 mg/dl, p = 0.05), longer disease duration to initiation of insulin pump therapy (p = 0.041), and more time spent in marked hypoglycemia (1 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.007) than males. Males' MFR z‐scores were associated with several diabetes‐related parameters (age at diagnosis, CGM metrics, HbA1c and insulin dose), while the females'' MFR z‐scores were linked to the atherogenic dyslipidemia index (TG:HDL ratio). The odds for CVD risk factors were doubled for every 1 SD decrease in MFR z‐score (OR = 0.50, CI [0.30–0.84], p = 0.009) and also increased with age (OR = 1.07, CI [1.004–1.148], p = 0.038).ConclusionsBody composition measurement has a predictive value in CVD risk assessment in youth with T1D, with unique characteristics and influences in each sex.
Does interception evaporation occur from both sides of leaves at the wet Japanese cypress canopy during and after rainfall?
Authors: Jiao Linjie , Kosugi Yoshiko , Sempuku Yuichi , Chang Ting‐Wei , Chen Siyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interception by the lower (abaxial) side of needle leaves not only contributes to the forest evapotranspiration but will also cause a diffusion barrier of CO2 over the stomata and depresses the plant gas exchange. This study combined the eddy covariance (EC) technique and leaf wetness measurement with a soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer (SVAT) multilayer model to examine the occurrence of interception evaporation from both sides of leaves at a Japanese cypress forest canopy relating to rainfall intensity and different wetting periods. We compared the measured latent heat flux (λE) with the simulated wet canopy λE with two models that interception evaporation only happens from the upper (adaxial) side of leaves and both sides of leaves. Both models showed a low λE during the rainfall as the EC data did. The simulated λE at the wet period after rainfall indicates that the interception evaporation from both sides of leaves is more likely to happen after heavy rainfall (>15 mm/12 h). However, for the most frequent small rainfall events (0–5 mm/12 h) at this site, interception evaporation is more likely to occur only from the adaxial side than both sides, which helps the wet leaves to maintain stomata opening and process CO2 uptake after rainfall.
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants by green synthesized Prussian blue analogue nanocomposite
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Rani Manviri , Shanker Uma , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWorldwide consumption, toxicity, and bioaccumulation of paracetamol (PCM) and atenolol (ATL) has drawn attention of researchers over last decades. A small portion of these drugs is absorbed by human body and rest of them is excreted through urine and feces to the environment (water bodies and soil) which might result in negative impacts. Nanocomposite of chromium oxide coupled with zinc hexacyanocobaltates (Cr2O3@ZnHCC) was synthesized by a green‐method using Sapindus mukorossi seed‐extract for the removal of targeted drugs. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of Cr2O3@ZnHCC showed uniformly incorporated prisms into cubic structure having ~75 nm particle size. Well‐characterized Cr2O3@ZnHCC and individuals (Cr2O3 & ZnHCC) were utilized for the degradation of PCM and ATL under direct sunlight and dark conditions. Highest degradation of targeted drugs (91%–94%) resulted at 20 mg L−1 concentration of pollutant, 25 mg of catalyst dose, and pH ~ 7 under daylight exposure (5 h). First‐order kinetics followed with a high adsorption capacity, Xm (13.4–14.5 mg g−1) value was obtained to confirm the strong binding with the pollutants. Moreover, Cr2O3@ZnHCC substantially suppressed the half‐life of targeted drugs (PCM: 0.6 h; ATL: 2.9 h) and converted them into safer‐small metabolites as confirmed by liquid chromatography‐mass‐spectrometry analysis, and the reduction of carbon content was confirmed by total organic carbon analysis. The charge separation mechanism was assisted by UV reflectance and photoluminescence data. The synthesized green‐nano photocatalyst displayed high reproducibility (up to 10th cycle), sensitivity, and stability during the degradation process which makes this a suitable candidate for industrial applications.
Empowering the search for pleasure, health and well‐being outside heteronormative definitions: The role of evaluation in shaping structurally sensitive programming for 2SGBTQ+ men who Party and Play in Ontario
Authors: Ismail Yasser , Griffiths Dane , Bond‐Gorr Jordan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSexualized drug use, also known as Party and Play (PnP, chemsex) is a phenomenon that is increasingly pervasive among 2SGBTQ+ communities in Canada and has been epidemiologically linked to increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood‐borne illnesses (STBBI). The phenomenon is highly stigmatized even within 2SGBTQ+ communities, perpetuating discrimination against individuals who PnP. Consequently, such individuals often remain invisible to formal care systems. Even as public health efforts seek to reduce the harms associated with PnP, narrowly epidemiological understandings of the phenomenon without understanding it from the perspectives of those with living experience of it, and—without attention to how historical, socio‐structural, and cultural factors shape the phenomenon—contribute to the stigmatization, disempowerment, and marginalization of people who PnP from healthcare access. In this chapter, we describe how an evaluation‐driven program design process grounded in the transformative evaluation paradigm and the principles of LGBTQ+ evaluation supported a paradigm shift for one public health agency in how they re‐conceptualized a more empowering approach for engaging people who PnP in dignified, meaningful care.
LGBTQ+ human rights evaluation in the global South: Lessons from evaluating Project ACT
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Tohme Johnny 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores considerations for evaluators who work in countries and regions where LGBTQ+ acceptance is low and LGBTQ+ stigma, discrimination, and violence are pervasive. We highlight the ways in which LGBTQ+ criminalization and repressive legal restrictions impact on the task of evaluating LGBTQ+ advocacy and service provision. Drawing on our experience of evaluating a human rights advocacy initiative to reduce stigma, discrimination, and violence as barriers to access to HIV care in Africa and the Caribbean, we outline principles of practice that evaluators might observe and strategies they might draw on to support LGBTQ+ communities in advancing human rights causes and improving the availability of affirming services in hostile settings.
Psychometric evaluation of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia scale in an acute general hospital setting
Authors: Dunford Emma , West Emily , Sampson Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia are at risk of unplanned hospital admissions and commonly have painful conditions. Identifying pain is challenging and may lead to undertreatment. The psychometric properties of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale, in medical inpatients with dementia have not been evaluated.MethodsA secondary data analysis from a longitudinal study of 230 people with dementia admitted to two acute general hospitals in London, UK. Internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, test‐retest reliability, concurrent validity, construct validity and discriminant validity of PAINAD were tested at rest and in movement.ResultsThis predominantly female (65.7%) sample had a mean age of 87.2 (Standard Deviation; SD = 5.92) years. Inter‐rater reliability showed an intra‐class correlation (ICC) of 0.92 at rest and 0.98 in movement, test‐retest reliability ICC was 0.54 at rest and 0.66 in movement. Internal consistency was 0.76 at rest and 0.80 in movement (Cronbach's α). Concurrent validity was weak between PAINAD and a self‐rating level of pain (Kendall's Tau; τ = 0.29; p > 0.001). There was no correlation between PAINAD and a measure of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, suggesting no evidence of convergent validity. PAINAD scores were higher during movement than rest, providing evidence of discriminant validity (z = −8.01, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found good inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency. The test‐retest reliability was modest. This study raises concerns about the validity of the PAINAD in general acute hospitals. This provides an insight into pain assessment in general acute hospitals which may inform further refinements of the PAINAD.
Electroconvulsive therapy improves psychotic symptoms in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Fukatsu Takahide , Kanemoto Kosuke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for psychotic symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and also to determine its use as an adaptive criterion.MethodsEight patients aged 66–83 years old (mean 75.4 ± 5.9 years) diagnosed with probable DLB based on the criteria for DLB and who received ECT between September 2013 and December 2019 at Aichi Medical University were enrolled. The efficacy and safety of ECT were retrospectively examined. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), while parkinsonism was evaluated based on Hoehn‐Yahr (HY) stage, with both scores analyzed and compared statistically between before and after ECT. Additionally, a follow‐up survey after undergoing ECT was performed.ResultsTwo incidents occurred during ECT sessions, arrhythmia in one patient and respiratory arrest in another, both of whom quickly recovered. Following ECT, a significant improvement in BPRS score was noted (p < 0.018, Wilcoxon signed rank test), whereas no significant difference was seen in regard to HY stage (p = 0.059). Follow‐up survey findings obtained after ECT (mean observation period 15.9 ± 16.7 months), showed that all eight patients were alive and none had a relapse of psychotic symptoms.ConclusionThe present results suggest that ECT for patients with mild to moderate DLB and drug therapy‐resistant psychotic symptoms is safe, well tolerated and effective. We consider it worth considering as a DLB therapeutic option.
Lower brain glucose metabolism in normal ageing is predominantly frontal and temporal: A systematic review and pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates meta‐analyses
Authors: Deery Hamish A. , Di Paolo Robert , Moran Chris , Egan Gary F. , Jamadar Sharna D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in ageing. We undertook a systematic literature review followed by pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates (ALE) meta‐analyses. Studies were retrieved from PubMed following the PRISMA guidelines. After reviewing 635 records, 21 studies with 22 independent samples (n = 911 participants) were included in the pooled effect size analyses. Eight studies with eleven separate samples (n = 713 participants) were included in the ALE analyses. Pooled effect sizes showed significantly lower cerebral metabolic rates of glucose for older versus younger adults for the whole brain, as well as for the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Among the sub‐cortical structures, the caudate showed a lower metabolic rate among older adults. In sub‐group analyses controlling for changes in brain volume or partial volume effects, the lower glucose metabolism among older adults in the frontal lobe remained significant, whereas confidence intervals crossed zero for the other lobes and structures. The ALE identified nine clusters of lower glucose metabolism among older adults, ranging from 200 to 2640 mm3. The two largest clusters were in the left and right inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri and the insula. Clusters were also found in the inferior temporal junction, the anterior cingulate and caudate. Taken together, the results are consistent with research showing less efficient glucose metabolism in the ageing brain. The findings are discussed in the context of theories of cognitive ageing and are compared to those found in neurodegenerative disease.
Reversal of neurovascular decoupling and cognitive impairment in patients with end‐stage renal disease during a hemodialysis session: Evidence from a comprehensive fMRI analysis
Authors: Li Peng , Ma Shaohui , Ma Xueying , Ding Dun , Zhu Xinyi , Zhang Huawen , Liu Jixin , Mu Junya , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurovascular (NV) decoupling is a potential neuropathologic mechanism of cognitive impairment in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis improves cognitive impairment at 24 h post‐dialysis, which suggests a potential neuroprotective effect of hemodialysis treatment on the brain. We investigated the effects of hemodialysis treatment on the reversal of NV decoupling associated with cognitive improvement. A total of 39 patients with ESRD and 39 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients were imaged twice during a dialysis session: before hemodialysis (T1pre‐dialysis) and at 24 h after dialysis (T2post‐dialysis). The healthy controls were imaged once. NV coupling was characterized based on correlation coefficients between four types of blood oxygen level‐dependent signals and cerebral blood flow (CBF). A battery of neuropsychological and blood tests was performed before the imaging. Patients with ESRD showed improvements in memory and executive function at T2post‐dialysis compared with that at T1pre‐dialysis. At both T1pre‐dialysis and T2post‐dialysis, patients with ESRD had lower amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF)–CBF coupling than healthy controls. Additionally, patients with ESRD had higher ALFF–CBF coupling at T2post‐dialysis than at T1pre‐dialysis. Higher memory scores, higher hemoglobin level, lower total plasma homocysteine level, lower systolic blood pressure variance, and lower ultrafiltration volume were associated with higher ALFF–CBF coupling in patients with ESRD after a hemodialysis session. These findings indicate that partial correction of anemia and hyperhomocysteinemia, stable systolic blood pressure, and fluid restriction may be closely linked to the reversal of NV decoupling and improvement in cognition in patients with ESRD.
Knockdown of circGOLPH3 inhibits cell progression and glycolysis by targeting miR‐145‐5p/lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Tao , Huang Feifei , Zhang Yin , Zhou Zhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck malignancies. The aim of this study is to explore the role of circRNA Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) (circGOLPH3) in OSCC.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot were performed to detect changes in the levels of circGOLPH3, microRNA‐145‐5p (miR‐145‐5p), and lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A). The functions of circGOLPH3 were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay detected the interaction of miR‐145‐5p with circGOLPH3 or KDM2A.ResultscircGOLPH3 expression was upregulated in OSCC. circGOLPH3 downregulation inhibited cell growth, metastasis, and glycolysis in vitro, and in vivo experiments revealed that circGOLPH3 inhibited tumor growth. In addition, circGOLPH3 bound to miR‐145‐5p and competitively inhibited KDM2A expression, thereby regulating OSCC cell behaviors as well as glycolysis.ConclusioncircGOLPH3 exerted pro‐oncogenic effects through the miR‐145‐5p/KDM2A axis to regulate OSCC cell behaviors.