bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF VENTILATION RATE ON RADON CONCENTRATION INSIDE HIGH-RISE APARTMENT BUILDINGS
Authors: Cucu Marina , Dupleac Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Radon is the main pollutant of indoor air, being considered a primary cause of lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. In 2013, European legislation required the standardization of regulations on radon exposure in member states using EC Directive 59/2013 EURATOM. The directive establishes basic safety rules for protection against the dangers represented by the exposure to ionizing radiation. Directive 59/2013 mandates each European country to establish a national action plan to reduce the risks of lung cancer attributed to radon in the general population and exposed workers. Romania is a European country with almost 20 million citizens, with over half of population living in urban locations. Most urban buildings in Romania are high-rise structures (4–10 floors), having many residential units. In this paper, we present results of season-dependent measurements of radon concentration and ventilation rates in high-rise apartment buildings and show the influence of ventilation on indoor radon levels. Indoor radon concentrations varied between 70 and 168 Bq m−3 in winter and 17–30 Bq m−3 in summer, being higher than the respective outdoor concentrations by 2–5 times in winter and 1–4 times in summer. Ventilation rates varied with season and were influenced by meteorological conditions at the time of measurements. Findings indicate that levels of indoor radon concentration depend on ventilation rates of the unit, but also on building materials, wind speed around building, time of day (higher around noon) and season of the year (higher in the cold season when ventilation rate is lower).
Status hierarchies and norm diffusion: the increase of top incomes in high finance
Authors: Ajdacic Lena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, I argue that small, but lucrative high-status subgroups lead to an upward ratcheting of compensation levels through the diffusion of norms. Combining relational theories of inequalities and theories of social norms I show how subfield status hierarchies play out at the firm level. I examine the impact of excess compensation in alternative finance (private equity, hedge and venture funds) on traditional finance. Based on multilevel regression on 2159 US and UK executives and longitudinal analyses on 261 firms from 2010 to 2017, I find first, that managers with an alternative finance background receive a pay premium in traditional finance (19.7%). Secondly, within the UK, compensation levels in organizations that witnessed the arrival of sectoral migrants rise above the expected increase. The findings suggest that understanding income dynamics requires detailed scrutiny of high-status subgroups, especially if activities are structured as opaque and lightly regulated organizational forms.
Ideology, Legitimation and Collective Action: Evidence from Chile on the Mechanism of Ideological Inversion
Authors: Puga Ismael , Moya Cristóbal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present evidence on a social mechanism of legitimation—ideological inversion—proposing that a fantasy consensus deters collective actions oriented toward social change, even in contexts were individuals support transformations. This fantasy consensus emerges as individuals infer the order’s validity mainly from the practices of others, which are largely constrained by social structures. Relying on a factorial survey experiment conducted in Chile, our results support the two main hypotheses from ideological inversion: people systematically overestimate the support for the status quo, and this overestimation has a deterrent effect on collective actions oriented toward social change. We argue that ideological inversion helps explain how legitimation crises often remain hidden, and therefore how political crisis often emerge abruptly. For instance, before the revolt of 2019 Chile was perceived as an example of social stability within Latin America, yet after an ordinary subway fare hike the country erupted in an unrelenting and massive wave of protests. Our findings suggest that the social support for the status quo previously perceived in Chile was a fantasy consensus enforced by constrained practices, and that this fantasy was very effective until recently in deterring social change. Ideological inversion thus provides a mechanism that contributes to explain the stability of social structures and inequalities regardless of individual dispositions or shared norms.
Investigation of toxicity effect of TiCN coated on 304 SS and 410 SS substrates in rat fibroblasts and B-lymphocytes
Authors: Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Razmi Abbas , Yesildal Ruhi , Ashtari Behnaz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present study, TiCN thin films were coated on AISI 304 and AISI 410 stainless steel (SS) substrates by Cathodic Arc Physical Vapor Deposition method. TiCN-coated substrates were confirmed by the XRD analysis results. Dense morphology and fine-grained surface of TiCN film were established by SEM images. Cellular toxicity of the coated 304 SS and 410 SS substrates was investigated in the fibroblasts and B-lymphocyte. In respect to that, we have shown coated substrates cytotoxicity, oxidative stress as well as cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein carbonyl, glutathione oxidase (GSSG), and glutathione reductase (GSH) assessment, releasing cytochrome c (Cytc), lysosomal membrane destabilization (AO) may lead to cell death signaling. Our results showed that the coated 304 SS and 410 SS substrates induced cells dysfunction via a significant increase in ROS production, MDA (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001), protein carbonyl (P &lt; 0.05), and GSSG (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01) that correlated to cytochrome c release (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, increased disturbance in oxidative phosphorylation was also shown by the decrease in cell viability (P &lt; 0.001) and GSH (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001) in the coated 304 SS and 410 SS substrates-treated fibroblast and B-lymphocytes. The coated 304 SS and 410 SS substrates contacted cells and trafficked to the lysosomes and this is followed by lysosomal damage, leading to apoptosis/Necrosis. Our results indicated that these materials cause cellular dysfunction and subsequent oxidative stress leading to cognitive impairment in the rat fibroblasts and B-lymphocytes cells.
Onset of Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Patients on Biologic Therapies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lytvyn Yuliya , Mufti Asfandyar , Maliyar Khalad , Sachdeva Muskaan , Yeung Jensen 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To summarize clinical outcomes of paradoxical pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) onset in patients on biologic therapy.

METHODS
The authors conducted MEDLINE and EMBASE searches using PRISMA guidelines to include 57 patients (23 reports).

RESULTS
Of the included patients, 71.9% (n = 41/57) noted PG onset after initiating rituximab, 21.1% (n = 12/57) noted tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors, 5.3% (n = 3/57) reported interleukin 17A inhibitors, and 1.8% (n = 1/57) reported cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibodies. The majority of patients (94.3%) discontinued biologic use. The most common medications used to resolve rituximab-associated PG were intravenous immunoglobulins, oral corticosteroids, and antibiotics, with an average resolution time of 3.3 months. Complete resolution of PG in TNF-α-associated cases occurred within an average of 2.2 months after switching to another TNF-α inhibitor (n = 1), an interleukin 12/23 inhibitor (n = 2), or treatment with systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporine (n = 3), systemic corticosteroids alone (n = 1), or cyclosporine alone (n = 1).

CONCLUSIONS
Further investigations are warranted to determine whether PG onset is associated with underlying comorbidities, the use of biologic agents, or a synergistic effect. Nevertheless, PG may develop in patients on rituximab or TNF-α inhibitors, suggesting the need to monitor and treat such adverse effects.
Promoting Female Leadership in Academic Surgery: Disrupting Systemic Gender Bias
Authors: Welten Vanessa M. , Dabekaussen Kirsten F.A.A. , Davids Jennifer S. , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: March 2022

Gender bias is a pervasive issue in academic surgery and is characterized by familiar patterns previously described in the business world. In this article, the authors illuminate gender bias patterns in academic surgery identified in prior in-depth interviews with female surgical department chairs across the United States.
The 4 main gender bias patterns drawn from the business world and illuminated with data from the interviews are (1) prove-it-again, (2) tightrope or double-blind dilemma, (3) maternity wall or benevolent bias, and (4) tug-of-war. The authors propose steps to disrupt systemic gender bias issues recognized in the academic surgery community. The proposed steps are informed by guidance from surgical diversity task forces, by existing literature, and by the authors’ own experiences in the field. The steps are divided into 3 main categories: education, structured mentorship, and transparency. The proposed changes include improving training and recognition of unconscious bias, establishing level-appropriate and deliberate mentorship across all stages of training and practice, standardizing promotional requirements, and eliminating outdated standards that contribute to the gender pay gap.
Although this article addresses gender bias in academic surgery, the proposed steps toward change can promote equity across the surgical community as a whole and extend to other underrepresented groups in the field.
Accelerated Critical Therapy Now in the Emergency Department Using an Early Intervention Team: The Impact of Early Critical Care Consultation for ICU Boarders
Authors: Jayaprakash Namita , Pflaum-Carlson Jacqueline , Gardner-Gray Jayna , Hurst Gina , Kinni Harish , Tang Amy , Coba Victor , Rivers Emanuel P. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the impact of an emergency department (ED)–based critical care consultation service, hypothesizing early consultation results in shorter hospital length of stay (LOS).

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study from February 2018 to 2020.

SETTING:
An urban academic quaternary referral center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients greater than or equal to 18 years admitted to the ICU from the ED. Exclusion criteria included age less than 18 years, do not resuscitate/do not intubate documented prior to arrival, advanced directives outlining limitations of care, and inability to calculate baseline modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (mSOFA) score.

INTERVENTIONS:
ED-based critical care consultation by an early intervention team (EIT) initiated by the primary emergency medicine physician compared with usual practice.

MEASUREMENTS:
The primary outcome was hospital LOS, and secondary outcomes were hospital mortality, ICU LOS, ventilator-free days, and change in the mSOFA.

MAIN RESULTS:
A total 1,764 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 492 (27.9%) were evaluated by EIT. Final analysis, excluding those without baseline mSOFA score, limited to 1,699 patients, 476 in EIT consultation group, and 1,223 in usual care group. Baseline mSOFA scores (±sd) were higher in the EIT consultation group at 3.6 (±2.4) versus 2.6 (±2.0) in the usual care group. After propensity score matching, there was no difference in the primary outcome: EIT consultation group had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) LOS of 7.0 days (4.0–13.0 d) compared with the usual care group median (IQR) LOS of 7.0 days (4.0–13.0 d), p = 0.64. The median (IQR) boarding time was twice as long subjects in the EIT consultation group at 8.0 (5.0–15.0) compared with 4.0 (3.0–7.0) usual care, p < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS:
An ED-based critical care consultation model did not impact hospital LOS. This model was used in the ED and the EIT cared for critically ill patients with higher severity of illness and longer ED boarding times.
Exploring the Knowledge Structure of Patient Safety in Nursing Using a Keyword Network Analysis
Authors: Kim Eun Jung , Seomun GyeongAe 
Published: March 2022

Patient safety is a critical and long-standing issue in nursing research. The purposes of this study were to explore the knowledge structure of patient safety and to provide a direction for future research by offering new perspectives and a theoretical clarification of patient safety in nursing.
Keyword network analysis was performed by extracting keywords from abstracts of 6072 published articles. To reflect nursing perspectives, focus group interviews were conducted and Kim's typology consisting of four domains was used as the framework of analysis. Visualized knowledge structure showed avoiding medication error and preventing pressure ulcers or falls remain important topics within this research field. The distribution of core keywords as per four domains was in the following order: practice, client, environment, and client-nurse domain. Within the client domain, patients' harm-related core keywords were limited to physical harm. The detailed knowledge structure consisted of five themes: patient, preventable patient harm, practice, error, and environment. It comprised risk assessment for patients' characteristics and environmental elements surrounding patient and nursing practice, and risk management using information as knowledge-based nursing practice. Regarding further research, we suggest a multidimensional approach to patient harm, and the utilization of the client-nurse relationship and information systems as strategies for patient safety.
Feasibility and Pilot Testing of Mobile Health Apps to Supplement 2 Healthy Lifestyle Interventions in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Juengst Shannon B. , McShan Evan , Conley Michael , Luu Ivan , Driver Simon 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
To determine the feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) apps for enhancing participation of people with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB-TBI) weight loss intervention and Brain Health Group (BHG-TBI) active control intervention.

Setting:
Community.

Participants:

n = 56 overweight/obese adults with moderate-severe TBI.

Design:
The GLB-TBI is a 12-month group- and community-based program to promote healthy eating and physical activity. The BHG-TBI is a 12-month group- and community-based program to promote general brain health, designed as an active control condition matched on time, structure, and perceived benefit to the GLB-TBI. In a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the GLB-TBI for weight loss, participants used a group-specific mHealth app providing daily tips customized according to their intervention allocation.

Main Measures:
Compliance (percentage of daily prompts read and completed) and participant-reported satisfaction and usability.

Results:
In conjunction with relevant stakeholders, we developed the content and structure of the GLB-TBI and BHG-TBI apps based on core curriculum components. We incorporated cognitive strategies (app notifications) to address potential cognitive impairment common after TBI. Both apps delivered brief daily educational and motivational “tips” derived directly from their respective curricula. Daily use of the apps varied greatly across participants, with most participants who used the apps completing 10% to 50% of daily content. Participants found the apps to be easy to use, but only some found them helpful. App use was substantially different for those who participated in the intervention during (2020) versus before (2019) the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:
Although enhancing an intensive lifestyle intervention with mHealth technology may be helpful, further refinement is needed to optimize the frequency and delivery methods of mHealth content. Although one might expect remote app use to have been higher during the pandemic, we observed the opposite, potentially due to less hands-on training and ongoing support to use the app and/or general technology fatigue with social distancing.
Headache Diary Mobile Application for Monitoring and Characterizing Posttraumatic Headaches
Authors: Liu Kevin , Madrigal Esmeralda , Chung Joyce S. , Broffman Joelle I. , Bennett Naomi , Tsai Andrea , Adamson Maheen M. , Harris Odette A. , Timmerman Molly 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
This study analyzed the data collected using a headache diary mobile application to characterize posttraumatic headaches (PTHs) in a sample of US veterans. Specifically, we measured patient engagement with the mobile application and compared our findings with previous literature regarding PTHs.

Setting:
A Headache Center of Excellence (HCoE) in a Veterans Health Administration facility.

Participants:
Forty-nine veterans currently being treated for ongoing PTH-related complaints with English fluency, reliable access to the internet, and a mobile phone.

Design:
Observational study of PTH characteristics using the mobile application over the course of 1 year.

Measures:
Main outcome measures were collected via a headache diary mobile application developed for patients to track headache-associated symptoms, headache location, triggers, type, intensity, and duration. Patients also completed a baseline Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) survey.

Results:
In total, 1569 entries were completed during the first year of application deployment. On average, patients completed 2.5 entries per week and used the application for 70 days. They frequently reported associated PTH symptoms of photophobia (56.7%) and headaches triggered by emotional stress (35.1%). Network analyses revealed patterns of co-occurrence in triggers of headache pain, associated symptoms, and headache pain location. Headache pain severity and impact ratings from the headache diary demonstrated convergent validity with the established HIT-6 measure.

Conclusions:
Headache diary mobile applications are a promising tool for monitoring and characterizing PTHs in veterans. Present results mirror past studies of PTH characteristics. Mobile application headache diaries may be used in both clinical and research settings to monitor headache symptoms and communicate the functional impact of headaches in real time.
Predictive Utility of the Imminent Risk Rating Scale: Evidence From a Clinical Pilot Study
Authors: Winters Georgia M. , Chou Cordelia , Grydehøj Rasmus F. , Tully Emily 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In an effort to prevent inpatient violence on forensic psychiatric units, it is necessary to have a feasible and effective measure for nursing to screen for risk of short-term verbal and physical aggression. The Imminent Risk Rating Scale (IRRS; Starzomski & Wilson, 2015) showed promise in an initial validation study. This study aimed to further examine the predictive validity of the IRRS by utilizing clinical pilot data collected from a forensic inpatient unit. Nursing staff scored the IRRS for adults who were hospitalized for at least 1 week (n = 109), as well as outcomes related to verbal and physical aggression as measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. The results from the clinical pilot data provided additional support for the potential use of the IRRS for predicting physical and verbal aggression in a forensic inpatient setting, although further rigorous empirical research is needed. The findings are important for nursing staff in the prediction and prevention of inpatient violence.
Development and Implementation of a Coordinated Community Response to Address Elder Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Pickering Carolyn E. Z. , Maxwell Christopher D. , Tatro Ron , Fales Karla , Hogoboom Bonnie 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Elder abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation impacts over five million community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Although services are available to help these victims, they are often fragmented within communities with service providers having limited means to provide preventative services. The coordinated community response (CCR) is a type of coalition intended to overcome siloed services through a single-point-of-entry system and more team-based approaches to prevention. This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the interagency functioning of a local CCR.

Methods
The main goal of the CCR has been to better serve victims of elder abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation. However, through the coalition's evolution, the mission of how to do this shifted from a victim service model to a prevention approach. Unique features of this CCR include a uniform consent form to allow sharing of protected client data among all service providers and a technology-supported infrastructure for service record documentation and referrals.

Evaluation
Using available data from administrative records, the number of unique interagency referrals for services to older adults at risk increased 450% from 2016 to 2018. The strength and type of connections between agencies changed over time. Among all eligible clients offered services, most (77%) agreed to provide uniform consent to allow data sharing among other local partner agencies.

Discussion
The evaluation showed that the coalition met most of its planned measurable outputs in the original logic model guiding the CCR programmatic development. The evaluation findings and lessons learned inform updated guidelines for self-assessment of CCRs.
Confusing Terms
Authors: Fraley Hannah E. , Subedi Gayatri 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Human trafficking is a growing population health problem. More than half of all persons experiencing trafficking are youth, with many in the United States unrecognized despite experiencing exploitation. Available peer-reviewed articles report a myriad of descriptions of trafficking, yet the concept and operational definition of youth trafficking, specifically, is lacking and unclear. Youth trafficking is described differently across multidisciplinary researchers and clinicians working with trafficked youth. Furthermore, labor trafficking of youth is largely excluded from the conversation surrounding trafficking. This article presents a concept analysis of naming trafficking of persons under the age of 18 years to clarify the concept specific to youth experiencing all forms of trafficking and approaches professionals can take with this specific subpopulation of trafficked persons and survivors.