bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eyeblink rate as an indicator of concentration on grooming in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Hikida Kenichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn primates, social relationships with a high frequency of social grooming are referred to as “affiliate relationships,” “friendship,” “bonding,” and are described as involving positive emotion. However, the psychological state during social grooming has not been fully understood. In this study, I focused on blinking as a behavior that reflects psychological state during grooming in Macaca fuscata, a nonhuman wild primate, and examined for the first time whether the blink rate reflects concentration on social grooming. To test this hypothesis, I focused on ectoparasite removals during social grooming with the following three predictions: (1) blinks are synchronized with breakpoints (when monkeys can release visual attention) of mouthing ectoparasites during grooming, (2) the blink rate is lower during grooming (when requiring visual concentration) than during resting (when no visual concentration is required), and (3) the lower the blink rate during grooming (supposedly in high concentration), the higher the frequency of ectoparasites removals (outputs of the task). I recorded the faces of 10 wild female Japanese macaques on Kinkazan Island, Miyagi Prefecture, with video, while they were resting and grooming, and recorded the timing and frequency of eyeblink and ectoparasite removals. All three predictions were supported, suggesting that the blink rate during grooming can be an indicator of concentration on grooming in nonhuman primates. Whether grooming concentration is associated with an affiliative relationship with the grooming partner is an issue that should be carefully examined in future studies, but eyeblink studies may provide new perspectives for understanding the psychological state of individuals during grooming in a noninvasive manner.
Factors associated with emergency department length of stay of foreign patients visiting a regional core hospital in Japan
Authors: Aoki Yoshihiro , Kumazaki Hiroshi , Terakawa Ion , Hatachi Takeshi , Shiroto Kosuke , Miyauchi Naoto , Suganuma Kazuki 
Published: May 2022

AimThis study aims to elucidate the foreign patient‐specific factors associated with emergency department length of stay (EDLOS) in a regional core hospital emergency department (ED) in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included non‐Japanese patients who visited the ED in a Japanese regional core hospital between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2020. The effects on EDLOS were assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis, which included factors such as age, sex, consultation language, interpreter usage, arrival time, day of visit, mode of arrival, underlying disease, triage level, diagnosis of injury/noninjury, diagnostic investigations, consultation with specialists, and treatments or procedures.ResultsOf 65,297 ED patients, there were 777 study patients, with a median age of 37 years (interquartile range [IQR], 24.0–50.0). The median EDLOS was 101 min (IQR, 63.0–153.0). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that an extended EDLOS was associated with: language apart from Japanese, Chinese, or English (51.7 min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8–85.6), helicopter arrival (115.6 min; 95% CI, 48.8–182.5), blood testing (60.5 min; 95% CI, 34.6–86.4), computed tomography (23.8 min; 95% CI, 3.7–43.9), consultation with specialists (36.2 min; 95% CI, 11.8–60.6), intravenous fluid/medication (29.7 min; 95% CI, 3.3–56.1), and surgical procedure/reduction/fixation in the ED (38.8 min; 95% CI, 14.2–63.4).ConclusionsConsultation in a language other than Japanese, English, or Chinese was associated with a longer EDLOS in a regional core hospital in Japan. Devising ways to accommodate patients who speak various languages could be important.
Lifestyle Affects Amyloid Burden and Cognition Differently in Men and Women
Authors: Bachmann Dario , Roman Zachary J. , Buchmann Andreas , Zuber Isabelle , Studer Sandro , Saake Antje , Rauen Katrin , Gruber Esmeralda , Nitsch Roger M. , Hock Christoph , Gietl Anton F. , Treyer Valerie 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveEvidence on associations of lifestyle factors with Alzheimer's pathology and cognition are ambiguous, potentially because they rarely addressed inter‐relationships of factors and sex effects. While considering these aspects, we examined the relationships of lifestyle factors with brain amyloid burden and cognition.MethodsWe studied 178 cognitively normal individuals (women, 49%; 65.0 [7.6] years) and 54 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (women, 35%; 71.3 [8.3] years) enrolled in a prospective study of volunteers who completed 18F‐Flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography. Using structural equation modeling, we examined associations between latent constructs representing metabolic/vascular risk, physical activity, and cognitive activity with global amyloid burden and cognitive performance. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of sex in this model.ResultsOverall, higher cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive performance and higher physical activity was associated with lower amyloid burden. The latter association was weakened to a nonsignificant level after excluding multivariate outliers. Examination of the moderating effect of sex in the model revealed an inverse association of metabolic/vascular risk with cognition in men, whereas in women metabolic/vascular risk trended toward increased amyloid burden. Furthermore, a significant inverse association between physical activity and amyloid burden was found only in men. Inheritance of an APOE4 allele was associated with higher amyloid burden only in women.InterpretationSex modifies effects of certain lifestyle‐related factors on amyloid burden and cognition. Notably, our results suggest that the negative impact of metabolic/vascular risk influences the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease through distinct paths in women and men. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:451–463
Polarization‐Dependent Ultrasensitive Dynamic Wrinkling on Floating Films Induced by Photo‐Orientation of Azopolymer
Authors: Liu Enping , Zhang Xiaoliang , Ji Haipeng , Li Qifeng , Li Lele , Wang Juanjuan , Han Xue , Yu Shixiong , Xu Fan , Cao Yanping , Lu Conghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUbiquitous surface wrinkling has been well‐studied theoretically and experimentally. How to modulate the stress state of a liquid‐supported system for the unexploited wrinkling capabilities remains a challenge. Here we report a simple linearly‐polarized‐light illumination to spatiotemporally trigger ultrasensitive in situ dynamic wrinkling on a floating azo‐film. The smart combination of the liquid substrate with photoresponsive azo‐moieties leads to the light‐induced ultrafast wrinkling evolution, accompanied by unprecedented sequential wrinkling orientation conversion (from polarization‐parallel to polarization‐perpendicular). The involved different polarization‐dependent sequential photo‐orientation for azo side chains and azo‐grafted main chains of azopolymers is disclosed experimentally for the first time. Meanwhile, programmable dynamic wrinkling with all‐optical switchable surface topographies is available, which has wide application potentials in photoresponsive soft photonics.
An endo‐Directing‐Group Strategy Unlocks Enantioselective (3+1+2) Carbonylative Cycloadditions of Aminocyclopropanes
Authors: Sokolova Olga O. , Bower John F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn endo‐directing group strategy enables enantioselective (3+1+2) cycloadditions that are triggered by carbonylative C−C bond activation of cyclopropanes. These processes are rare examples of cycloadditions where C−C bond oxidative addition is enantiodetermining, and the first where this is achieved within the context of a multicomponent (higher order) reaction design.
Li−N Interaction Induced Deep Eutectic Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High Performance Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Pei Xiaopeng , Li Yiju , Ou Ting , Liang Xuechen , Yang Yun , Jia Erna , Tan Ying , Guo Shaojun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs emerging eutectic mixtures, deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) show unique properties for Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). However, the limited choice and inferior electrode compatibility hinder their further development in LMBs. Herein, we report a new 1,2‐dimethylimidazole (DMIm)‐based deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte induced by Li−N interaction. We demonstrate that incorporating electron‐withdrawing polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer into the DMIm‐based DEE changes the coordination environment of Li+ ions, leading to a high transference number of Li+ ions (0.65) and superior interface stability between the electrolyte and Li anode. The deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte exhibits excellent non‐flammability, high ionic conductivity (1.67 mS cm−1 at 30 °C), and high oxidation voltage (up to 4.35 V vs. Li/Li+). The Li||LFP cell based on the newly developed deep eutectic gel polymer electrolyte can achieve superior long‐term cycling stability at a wide range of rates.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Interferon‐Induced JAK‐STAT Signalling
Authors: Thoidingjam Leishemba K. , Blouin Cédric M. , Gaillet Christine , Brion Aurélien , Solier Stéphanie , Niyomchon Supaporn , El Marjou Ahmed , Mouasni Sara , Sepulveda Fernando E. , de Saint Basile Geneviève , Lamaze Christophe , Rodriguez Raphaël 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterferons (IFN) are cytokines which, upon binding to cell surface receptors, trigger a series of downstream biochemical events including Janus Kinase (JAK) activation, phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription protein (STAT), translocation of pSTAT to the nucleus and transcriptional activation. Dysregulated IFN signalling has been linked to cancer progression and auto‐immune diseases. Here, we report the serendipitous discovery of a small molecule that blocks IFNγ activation of JAK‐STAT signalling. Further lead optimisation gave rise to a potent and more selective analogue that exerts its activity by a mechanism consistent with direct IFNγ targeting in vitro, which reduces bleeding in model of haemorrhagic colitis in vivo. This first‐in‐class small molecule also inhibits type I and III IFN‐induced STAT phosphorylation in vitro. Our work provides the basis for the development of pan‐IFN inhibitory drugs.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Switchable Site‐Selective Alkene Hydroalkylation by Temperature Regulation**
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wang , Liu De‐Guang , Chang Zhe , Li Zhen , Fu Yao , Lu Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegiodivergent alkene functionalization that produces either regioisomer starting from the same raw materials is desirable. Herein, we report a nickel‐catalyzed switchable site‐selective alkene hydroalkylation. The selection of reaction temperatures leads to protocols that provide regiodivergent hydroalkylated products starting from a single alkene substrate. This protocol allows the convenient synthesis of α‐ and β‐branched protected amines, both of which are important to the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry and biochemistry. In addition, enantioenriched β‐branched alkylamines can be accessed in a catalytic asymmetric variant. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of a more stable nickelacycle provides the driving force of migration. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of different reduction elimination intermediates are responsible for the switchable site‐selectivity.
Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction through Hydrophobic Microenvironment and Binuclear Cobalt Synergistic Effect in Metallogels
Authors: Yang Gengxiang , Li Senzhi , Li Ning , Zhang Pianpian , Su Chaorui , Gong Lei , Chen Baotong , Qu Chen , Qi Dongdong , Wang Tianyu , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAssemblies that mimic natural lipid bilayers are theoretically efficient for photocatalytic CO2 reduction; however, such an approach has not been yet explored. Herein, metallogels (LG/Nico‐Co) based on the co‐assembly of L‐glutamic acid lipid (LG/Nico) and cobalt ions exhibited excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction, with 208 724 μmol g−1 CO production within 24 h and 90 % CO/H2 selectivity, or 166 826 μmol g−1 CO production within 12 h and 46 % CO/H2 selectivity, depending on the water content of the solvent. The alkyl chains of LG/Nico provide a hydrophobic microenvironment for efficient gas transfer, and the assembled bilayers induce a synergistic effect between two adjacent Co ions for catalyzing the CO2 reduction reaction. These architectures present new alternatives for the development of highly efficient photocatalytic soft matter based on the assembly of small amphiphilic molecules.
Oxidation Potential Gap (ΔEox): The Hidden Parameter in Redox Chemistry
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Shida Naoki , Morizumi Haruka , Kitano Yoshikazu , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxidative biaryl coupling of aryls with different electronic features generally fails. However, this has not been systematically studied via theoretical analysis, and thus, the crucial factor governing coupling efficiency remains unclear. Herein, we propose that the “oxidation potential gap (ΔEox)” is a key parameter in predicting the efficiency of an intramolecular oxidative coupling reaction, with ΔEox defined as a difference in the oxidation potentials of the relevant aromatic rings. Our experimental and computational analyses revealed that the efficiency of an aromatic intramolecular coupling reaction correlates with the activation energy (ΔE≠) of C−C bond formation of the radical cation intermediates. Furthermore, ΔE≠ correlates with ΔEox. Therefore, we demonstrate the tuning of ΔEox by attaching cleavable extra electron‐donating/‐withdrawing groups, enabling the rational synthesis of a phenanthridone skeleton using aromatic rings with an electronic gap.
Eutectic Electrolyte with Unique Solvation Structure for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Geng Lishan , Meng Jiashen , Wang Xuanpeng , Han Chunhua , Han Kang , Xiao Zhitong , Huang Meng , Xu Peng , Zhang Lei , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIB) present great potential in energy storage due to low cost and high safety. However, the poor stability, dendrite growth, and narrow electrochemical window limit their practical application. Herein, we develop a new eutectic electrolyte consisting of ethylene glycol (EG) and ZnCl2 for dendrite‐free and long‐lifespan ZIBs. The EG molecules participate in the Zn2+ solvation via coordination and hydrogen‐bond interactions. Optimizing the ZnCl2/EG molar ratio (1 : 4) can strengthen intermolecular interactions to form [ZnCl(EG)]+ and [ZnCl(EG)2]+ cations. The dissociation–reduction of these complex cations enables the formation of a Cl‐rich organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase film on a Zn anode, realizing highly reversible Zn plating/stripping with long‐term stability of ≈3200 h. Furthermore, the polyaniline||Zn cell manifests decent cycling performance with ≈78 % capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, and the assembled pouch cell demonstrates high safety and stable capacity. This work opens an avenue for developing eutectic electrolytes for high‐safety and practical ZIBs.
VPO4F Fluorophosphates Polyanion Cathodes for High‐Voltage Proton Storage
Authors: Liao Mochou , Cao Yongjie , Li Ziyue , Xu Jie , Qi Yae , Xie Yihua , Peng Yu , Wang Yonggang , Wang Fei , Xia Yongyao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProton batteries are emerging in electrochemical energy storage because of the associated fast kinetics, low cost and high safety. However, their development is hindered by the relatively low energy density due to the limited choice of cathode materials. Herein, metal phosphate polyanion cathodes are proposed as the proton cathode for the first time. Combining experimental results and theoretical simulations, a universal criterion for the proton cathode was put forward. Vanadium fluorophosphate (VPO4F) was demonstrated as a promising high‐voltage proton cathode material with a specific capacity of 116 mAh g−1 at a high potential of 1.0 V (vs. SHE). The proton insertion/extraction mechanism in the VPO4F electrode was also verified through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the stability of VPO4F was investigated in various electrolytes and the optimized electrolyte enabled the stable operation of VPO4F for 300 cycles. This work provides new inspiration in the exploitation of new electrode materials for electrochemical proton storage devices.
Access to Unexplored 3D Chemical Space: cis‐Selective Arene Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of Saturated Cyclic Boronic Acids
Authors: Kaithal Akash , Wagener Tobias , Bellotti Peter , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Schlichter Lisa , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new class of saturated boron‐incorporated cyclic molecules has been synthesized employing an arene‐hydrogenation methodology. cis‐Selective hydrogenation of easily accessible, and biologically important molecules comprising benzoxaborole, benzoxaborinin, and benzoxaboripin derivatives is reported. Among the various catalysts tested, rhodium cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene [Rh‐CAAC] (1) pre‐catalyst revealed the best hydrogenation activity confirming turnover number up to 1400 with good to high diastereoselectivity. A broad range of functional groups was tolerated including sensitive substituents such as −F, −CF3, and −silyl groups. The utility of the synthesized products was demonstrated by the recognition of diols and sugars under physiological conditions. These motifs can have a substantial importance in medicinal chemistry as they possess a three‐dimensional structure, are highly stable, soluble in water, form hydrogen bonds, and interact with diols and sugars.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the children's empathy quotient and systemizing quotient: 4–12 years
Authors: Wang Xin , Dai Mei‐Xia , Murray Aja , Liu Si‐Yu , Chen Jia‐Jie , Lin Li‐Zi , Jing Jin , Auyeung Bonnie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe aimed to validate the Children's Empathy Quotient (EQ‐C) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ‐C) in Mainland China, which can reflect the profiles of empathizing and systemizing, and describing specific characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender‐typical behaviors in general population. A total of 800 typically developing (TD) children, aged 4–12 years was recruited initially with whose parents/guardians complete the measurements, and 782 TD children who met inclusion criteria were finally included. A 23‐item three‐factor EQ‐C and a 22‐item four‐factor SQ‐C was developed with good internal consistency (Omega total values of 0.87 and 0.86) and test–retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.82 and 0.69). In TD children, girls scored significantly higher on EQ‐C (31.4 ± 7.8 vs. 28.2 ± 7.7) but there were no gender differences in SQ‐C scores. TD children showed different cognitive styles (empathizing‐dominant for girls with 42.6% identified as Type E; systemizing‐dominant for boys with 40.7% identified as Type S). A further sample of 222 children with ASD indicated that they scored lower on EQ/SQ‐C compared to TD children (13.2 ± 5.1 vs. 29.7 ± 7.9, 12.4 ± 5.8 vs. 23.5 ± 8.3) and were generally systemizing‐dominant (Type S: 50.8% for boys and 64.0% for girls). Autistic children scored higher on the SQ‐C in those without intellectual disability and with higher paternal education level and family income (14.2 ± 6.1 vs. 10.9 ± 5.0, 13.3 ± 6.2 vs. 11.5 ± 5.1, 13.7 ± 5.6 vs. 11.9 ± 5.8), while there were no differences in the EQ‐C. This study indicated good reliability and validity of the Chinese version of EQ/SQ‐C, which can be used in Chinese children with and without ASD.Lay SummaryWe developed the Chinese version of the Children's Empathy Quotient (EQ‐C) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ‐C) in 782 typically developing (TD) children aged 4–12 years in Mainland China, yielding a 23‐item, 3‐factor EQ‐C and a 22‐item, 4‐factor SQ‐C with good psychometric properties. In TD children, we found gender difference only in scores of EQ‐C. Further analyses of 222 autistic children indicated that differences were found in scores of SQ‐C when considering their gender, intelligence and socio‐economic status.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of microinvasive breast cancer: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Xu Hangcheng , Han Yiqun , Wu Yun , Wang Yan , Wang Jiayu , Xu Binghe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesMicroinvasive breast cancer (MIBC) is a special type of breast cancer with a relatively low prevalence, of which the understanding remains controversial. In this article, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of MIBC in the setting of different molecular subtypes and give feasible suggestions on clinical practice in MIBC.MethodsThis study utilized the data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were divided into subgroups based on the molecular subtypes, of which the clinicopathological characteristics were further undergone comparative analyses. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were employed to determine the prognosis of the subtypes, and to explore the prognostic factors. Patients were randomly assigned in a 7:3 ratio to the training and validation cohorts. The independent risk variables were then adopted to generate a nomogram to predict the 3‐ and 5‐year survival probability.ResultsA total of 4301 MIBC patients between 2010 and 2016 were obtained from the SEER database, which were subsequently separated into HR+/HER2‐ (n = 2598), HR+/HER2+ (n = 723), HR‐/HER2+ (n = 633), and HR‐/HER2‐ (n = 347) groups. The HR+/HER2+ group showed the best overall survival (OS) (81.28 months, 95% CI 80.45–82.11) compared with other groups (p = 0.0089). The application of radiotherapy in HR+/HER2‐ and HR+/HER2+ MIBC patients brought out additional survival benefit compared with those without radiotherapy (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.024, respectively). The prognosis among four subgroups with or without chemotherapy showed no statistical difference. Based on the curated nomogram, the high‐score group exhibited a better OS compared with patients from the low‐score group.ConclusionsProfound heterogeneity was detected among different molecular subtypes in MIBC patients, of which HR+/HER2+ subtype presented the best prognosis. For HR‐positive MIBC patients, increasing survival benefits could be retrieved from radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was not recommended for patients with MIBC. Individual‐based protocols were introduced based on the nomogram which warranted further validation.
Seeking Citius: Photochemical Access of Reactive Intermediates for Faster Bioorthogonal Reactions
Authors: Kumar Gangam Srikanth , Lin Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFast bioorthogonal reactions are sought after because of their superior performance in labeling low‐abundance biomolecules in native cellular environments. An attractive strategy to increase reaction kinetics is to access the reactive intermediates through photochemical activation. To this end, significant progress was made in the last few years in harnessing two highly reactive intermediates—nitrile imine and tetrazine—generated through photoinduced ring rupture and catalytic photooxidation, respectively. The efficient capture of these reactive intermediates by their cognate reaction partners has enabled bioorthogonal fluorescent labeling of biomolecules in live cells.