bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics of mud crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) from the Sundarbans of Bangladesh
Authors: Sakib Md. Hashmi , Ahmmed Shawon , Washim Mizanur Rahman , Islam Md. Latiful , Chowdhury Parvez 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Sundarbans mangrove regions are the home of the mud crab (Scylla olivacea) business, as forest areas are potential places for random crab harvesting, trading, and exporting overseas seafood markets. Since the mud crab was being captured on a large‐scale in the wild for various purposes, estimation of population parameters were immediately done in terms of body weight and length‐frequency data collected from different locations in the forest of southwestern Bangladesh to understand the status of the stock. Recruitment pattern, growth parameters, mortality rates, and exploitation levels (E) were estimated to understand the population dynamics of S. olivacea. Asymptotic carapace widths (CW∝) were 14.70 and 14.18 cm, and growth co‐efficients (K) were 0.47 and 0.50 year–1 for male and female S. olivacea, respectively. The fishing mortalities were 2.32 and 1.13 year–1 and natural mortalities were 1.39 and 1.46 year–1 for males and females, respectively. Year‐round recruitment of this species takes place in the wild with a peak between June and November. The E for S. olivacea was found to be 0.63 for the male and 0.44 for the female. In summery, the stock of S. olivacea is found to be overexploited in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh. Therefore, mud crab resources should be taken into consideration under suitable fisheries management policies to conserve this national treasure in this delta. It is supposed that the findings will draw the attention of the scientists in the fields of aquatic biology, ecology, and management of the Sundarbans in restoring the mud crab population.
Population‐specific responses of floral volatiles to abiotic factors in changing environments
Authors: Keefover‐Ring Ken , Hetherington Matthew C. , Brunet Johanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseShifts in abiotic factors can affect many plant traits, including floral volatiles. This study examined the response of floral volatiles to water availability and whether phenotypic plasticity to water availability differs among populations. It also investigated genetic differentiation in floral volatiles, determined the effect of temperature on phenotypic plasticity to water availability, and assessed temporal variation in floral scent emission between day and evening, since pollinator visitation differs at those times.MethodsRocky Mountain columbine plants (Aquilegia coerulea), started from seeds collected in three wild populations in Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, were grown under two water treatments in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. One population was also grown under the two water treatments, at two temperatures. Air samples were collected from enclosed flowers using dynamic headspace methods and floral volatiles were identified and quantified by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS).ResultsEmission of three floral volatiles increased in the wetter environment, indicating phenotypic plasticity. The response of six floral volatiles to water availability differed among populations, suggesting genetic differentiation in phenotypic plasticity. Five floral volatiles varied among populations, and emission of most floral volatiles was greater during the day.ConclusionsPhenotypic plasticity to water availability permits a quick response of floral volatiles in changing environments. The genetic differentiation in phenotypic plasticity suggests that phenotypic plasticity can evolve but complicates predictions of the effects of environmental changes on a plant and its pollinators.
Genotypic confirmation of a biased phenotypic sex ratio in a dryland moss using restriction fragment length polymorphisms
Authors: Ekwealor Jenna T. B. , Benjamin Simone D. , Jomsky Jordan Z. , Bowker Matthew A. , Stark Lloyd R. , McLetchie D. Nicholas , Mishler Brent D. , Fisher Kirsten M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseIn dioicous mosses, sex is determined by a single U (female, ♀) or V (male, ♂) chromosome. Although a 1 : 1 sex ratio is expected following meiosis, phenotypic sex ratios based on the production of gametangia are often female‐biased. The dryland moss Syntrichia caninervis (Pottiaceae) is notable for its low frequency of sex expression and strong phenotypic female bias. Here we present a technique to determine genotypic sex in a single shoot of S. caninervis, and report results of a case study examining genotypic and phenotypic sex ratios.MethodsWe reanalyzed 271 non‐expressing gametophyte shoots from a previous study on S. caninervis sex expression across microhabitats using a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.ResultsWe recovered a genotypic sex ratio in non‐expressing shoots of 18.4♀ : 1♂, which exceeds the female bias of the phenotypic ratio (5.3♀ : 1♂; P = 0.013). We also found that the distribution of male and female genotypes across microsites with different levels of sun exposure was not predicted by patterns of sex expression in these microsites.DiscussionThese findings contribute to our understanding of how the environment may modulate sex ratios in S. caninervis, either through its direct influence on sex expression or through selection on genotypes with particular sex expression phenotypes.
Application of gap time analysis with flexible hazards to pulmonary exacerbations in the EPIC observational study
Authors: Rice John D. , Johnson Rachel L. , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Zemanick Edith T. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Wagner Brandie D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis and other chronic lung disease clinical trials often use time to first pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) or total PEx count as endpoints. The use of these outcomes may fail to capture patterns or timing of multiple exacerbations and how covariates influence the risk of future exacerbations. Analysis of gap times between PEx provides a useful framework to understand risks of subsequent events, particularly to assess if there is a temporary increase in a hazard of a subsequent PEx following the occurrence of a PEx. This may be useful for estimating the amount of time needed to follow patients after a PEx and predicting which patients are more likely to have multiple PEx. We propose a smoothed hazard for gap times to account for elevated hazards after exacerbations. A simulation study was conducted to explore model performance and was able to appropriately estimate parameters in all situations with an underlying change point with independent or correlated recurrent events. Models with different change‐point structures and trends are compared using Early Pseudomonas Infection Control (EPIC) observational study data, using a quasi‐likelihood modification of the Akaike information criterion; a model with a change‐point provided a better fit than a model without one. The analysis suggests that the change point may be 1.8 years (SE 0.09) after the end of a PEx. Models including covariates in the hazard function revealed that having one or two copies of the F508 mutation, female sex, and higher numbers of previous PEx were significantly associated with increased risk of another PEx.
Tumor regression grade combined with lymph node status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yun Jae Kwang , Kim Youngwoong , Lee Geun Dong , Choi Sehoon , Kim Yong‐Hee , Kim Dong Kwan , Park Seung‐Il , Kim Hyeong Ryul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of tumor regression grade (TRG) combined with lymph node status compared with the 8th edition of the ypTNM staging system in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).MethodsWe enrolled 325 patients with ESCC who underwent nCRT followed by complete resection. We adopted the modified Schneider TRG system, with high (ypT0N0), mid (ypT0N+ or ypT + N0), and low (ypT + N+). After developing a multivariable Cox model, the discrimination ability of the ypStage and TRG systems was evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and R2 measure.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up was 56.7 ± 43.3 months. The survival curves between the adjacent groups of TRG were significantly different for both overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). However, there were no significant differences between ypStages II and III for OS (p = 0.683) or RFS (p = 0.760). The TRG system also had a discrimination ability in patients with ypStage I (p < 0.001 for both OS and RFS) and ypStage III (p = 0.045 for OS and 0.042 for RFS). Compared with the ypTNM staging system, the modified TRG had a lower AIC value (1835.99 vs. 1852.02) and a higher R2 (0.256 vs. 0.177), indicating better discrimination ability and prediction accuracy.ConclusionsFor patients with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy following nCRT, the modified Schneider TRG system may complement the ypStage and help clinicians select the most appropriate postoperative treatment and surveillance.
Impact of pre‐existing interstitial lung abnormal shadow on lung injury development and severity in patients of non‐small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib
Authors: Shibaki Ryota , Ozawa Yuichi , Noguchi Susumu , Murakami Yusuke , Takase Eri , Azuma Yuichiro , Maebeya Masaru , Sugimoto Takeya , Hayata Atsushi , Hayakawa Takahiro , Tamaki Shinya , Nakanishi Masanori , Teraoka Shunsuke , Akamatsu Hiroaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFirst‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) sometimes causes lung injury, thereby affecting survival. Although pre‐existing interstitial lung abnormal shadow (pre‐ILS) increases the risk of lung injury by EGFR‐TKIs, its impact on osimertinib, a third‐generation EGFR‐TKI, remains unknown.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients of EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib. Computed tomography images were obtained and evaluated independently by three pulmonologists in a blinded manner. Factors associated with lung injury were assessed using a logistic regression model. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using a log‐rank test.ResultsOf the 195 patients, 40 had pre‐ILS, and 21 (8 with and 13 without pre‐ILS) developed lung injury during the observation period. Multivariate analysis revealed that pre‐ILS was independently associated with lung injury (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–8.2; p = 0.025). Severe (≥Grade 3) lung injury was observed in eight (4.1%) patients, of whom, two (5%) and six (3.9%) had and did not have pre‐ILS (p = 0.67), respectively. Grade 5 lung injury was not observed, and survival curves were similar between the patients who developed lung injury and those who did not (median 11 vs. 12 months; hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.56–2.7; p = 0.60).ConclusionsPre‐ILS increased the risk of lung injury in patients of non‐small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib, while the severity of lung injury was not clearly affected by the presence of pre‐ILS.
Better or worse? The prognostic role of the mesenchymal subtype in patients with high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Juan , Shi Xiaoyan , Xiao Lan , Li Zelian , Li Zhimin , Sun Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTumor characteristics can be prognostically relevant in patients with high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). This study aimed to determine whether different subtypes of HGSOC, especially the mesenchymal subtype, are associated with overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with HGSOC.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to September 2020. The eligibility criteria were (1) population: patients with HGSOG with molecular subtyping of their tumor, (2) exposure: mesenchymal subtype, (3) non‐exposure: differentiated, immunoreactive, proliferative, and other non‐mesenchymal subtypes, (4) outcome: survival, with hazard ratios (HRs), and (5) English language.ResultsThe mesenchymal subtype showed no statistically significant difference in OS compared with the immunoreactive subtype (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.78–2.78, p = 0.238; I2 = 81.2%, pheterogeneity = 0.005) or all non‐mesenchymal subtypes (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.97–2.80, p = 0.063; I2 = 79.4%, pheterogeneity = 0.008). The mesenchymal subtype showed no statistically significant difference in PFS compared with the immunoreactive subtype (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.71–2.00, p = 0.514; I2 = 71.6%, pheterogeneity = 0.030) but a significant differences was observed when using all non‐mesenchymal subtypes as reference (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.00–2.28, p = 0.049). The results were robust according to the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThere are no statistically significant differences in OS between the mesenchymal subtype of HGSOC and other subtypes of HGSOC. Because of statistical power, this meta‐analysis cannot conclude about non‐inferiority, and the relationship between the molecular subtypes and HGSOC prognosis remains controversial. Based on one study, the mesenchymal subtype could have a poorer PFS than the non‐mesenchymal subtypes of HGSOC, but this conclusion requires further evidence.
Design, Synthesis and in Vitro Antifungal Mechanism of Novel Phenylalanine Derivatives
Authors: Niu Xue , Zhang Hong , Zhang Chengzhi , Dou Li , Wu Zhibing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo explore novel molecules with unique mechanisms against plant pathogenic fungi, a series of phenylalanine derivatives containing a 1,3,4‐oxadiazothioether moiety were designed and synthesized. Bioassays revealed that some target compounds at 100 μg/mL exhibited excellent antifungal activities against Thanatephorus cucumeris, such as G6 (92.1 %), G10 (94.3 %), G18 (99.1 %), and G19 (98.7 %), better than that of the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin (90.6 %), and the EC50 value of G10 against T. cucumeris was 31.9 μg/mL. Further mechanism studies of T. cucumeris treated with G10 demonstrated that this compound can affect the growth of mycelia by disrupting the integrity of the membrane, and the higher the concentration of the compound is, the greater the degree of membrane integrity damage, similar to the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin. These conclusions provide important information for further mechanism studies of this series of phenylalanine derivatives.
Medial thigh fasciocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of the scrotum following Fournier gangrene: A case report
Authors: Mwenibamba Rodrigue Mupenda , Nteranya Daniel Safari , Mukakala Augustin Kibonge , Wabene Christian Bisimwa , Rugendabanga Angelique Mufariji , Kibukila Fabrice , Mitima Nathan Bisimwa , Niyondiko Jean Claude 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFournier's gangrene, a rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and external genitalia that leads to extensive soft tissue necrosis, remains a medical‐surgical emergency. The authors present a case of coverage of a scrotal loss of substance with testicular exposure by a medial fasciocutaneous flap of the unilateral thigh after debridement and initial medical treatment of Fournier's gangrene in a 50‐year‐old quadriplegic patient. The clinical examination at 8 months showed an aesthetic and functional result. The trophic‐cutaneous thigh flap that the authors propose for frail, elderly, and neurological subjects with low functional requirements allows coverage of the scrotal region with relatively thick skin, color, and texture close to those of the scrotum. It also offers technical simplicity, moderate scarring, and functional remnants at the price of less morbidity.
Can SARS‐CoV‐2 infection trigger rheumatoid arthritis? A case report
Authors: Bouzid Sirine , Ben Abdelghani Kawther , Miledi Saoussen , Fazaa Alia , Laatar Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInflammatory arthritis has been reported after SARS‐COV‐2 infection. We present a case of a 38‐year‐old female patient who developed polyarthralgia 1 month after SARS‐COV‐2 infection. Musculoskeletal examination was significant for synovitis of hands and wrists. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies were positive. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hands showed synovitis of the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands, wrist joints, and tendinitis with tenosynovitis. The patient was diagnosed with seropositive nonerosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and initiated on therapy using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents and disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug methotrexate leading to an improvement in symptoms.
Influence of modern aluminium alloys on the reaction behavior of refractory linings
Authors: Reichert Wanja , Kenn Dorothea , Sannikow Vadim , Tonnesen Thorsten , Telle Rainer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor modern aluminum alloy production, constituents of silicon, zinc, and magnesium contribute mainly to the degradation of refractory furnace linings. The alloy constituents increasingly penetrate the material via the vapor phase. This study intends to enhance understanding, describe and characterize the interactions between refractories used in holding and melting furnaces of the aluminum industry. The damage mechanisms occurring due to corrosion are verified and determined by applying various test methods and atmospheres.The present study focuses on the impact of zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) as a gaseous component on refractory linings. The examined materials of this study are bauxite‐based bricks with phosphate bonding and bricks with either CA6 or sol‐gel bonding, both based on high alumina.The experimental setup of the corrosion tube furnace consists of a crucible filled with solid metal and two identical bars of the refractory sample. Metallic zinc, magnesium, and the Al alloy EN‐AW7075 are within this study's scope. Further conditions are a testing temperature of 1050°C and increasing test duration of 2, 8, 24, and 36 h. The experiments have shown that zinc and magnesium both have an extreme influence, especially on the microstructure, which is accompanied by both positive and negative property changes. These are dependent on both the bonding type and the ambient atmosphere.
Parcellation in the dorsal column nuclei of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) indicates the presence of body barrelettes
Authors: Sarko Diana K. , Reep Roger L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlorida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) exhibit expanded tactile arrays of vibrissae that are distributed not only on the face but also on the entire postfacial body. In contrast, the vibrissae of most mammals are principally restricted to the face. These facial vibrissae may be associated with central nervous system representations known as barrels in the cerebral cortex, barreloids in the thalamus, and barrelettes in the trigeminal nuclei of the brainstem. To date, vibrissae representations found within the brainstem have been principally limited to facial vibrissae representations in the trigeminal nuclei. We hypothesized that the tactile specializations of the manatee and rock hyrax would produce a unique modification of typical mammalian central nervous system organization, with postfacial vibrissae representations appearing in the cuneate and gracile nuclei as “body barrelettes.” Using histological and histochemical methods, including cresyl violet, myelin, and cytochrome oxidase processing, we first delineated the rostral, middle, and caudal zones of the cuneate and gracile nuclei. Within the middle zone, divisions were present, including extensive parcellation in the cluster region, particularly in manatees. These clusters were particularly densely distributed and distinguishable in the presumptive postfacial body representations in the cuneate and gracile nuclei but otherwise shared many attributes with the barrelettes found in the trigeminal nuclei of other species. This study represents the first characterization of postfacial body vibrissae representations, or “body barrelettes,” in the brainstem of any species. Previous studies have predominantly focused on facial vibrissae representations, which have served for decades as a model for sensory organization and plasticity. Our results extend what is known about vibrissae representations in the central nervous system to include expansions related to peripheral specializations of the postfacial body. Unusual somatosensory adaptations in the manatee and rock hyrax are highly informative regarding how mammalian brain organization responds to evolutionary pressures on sensory systems.
Tribophosphorescence from a Simple Boronic Ester
Authors: Prasad Nandi Rajendra , Ghosh Subhajit , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan , Kumbhar Dipak , Thilagar Pakkirisamy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate the room temperature tribophosphorescence from a simple anthracene boronic ester, 9‐(pinacolboryl)anthracene (1). Both 1 and 9,10‐bis(pinacolboryl)anthracene (2) show fluorescence and delayed emission at room temperature in the solid‐state. Under mechanical stress, 1 displays tribophosphorescence. In contrast, 2 shows mechanofluorochromism under similar conditions. Detailed optical, computational, and crystal structural studies are carried out to rationalize the tribophosphorescence characteristics of 1.
Methods to Detect Small Molecule Inhibition of RING E3 Ligase Activity
Authors: Rothenaigner Ina , Brenke Jara Kerstin , Schorpp Kenji , Hadian Kamyar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtein ubiquitination is an essential post‐translational modification that regulates a large number of cellular processes. This reaction is facilitated by the consecutive action of three central enzymes, i.e., E1 activating enzyme, E2 conjugating enzyme, and the E3 ligase. More than 600 E3 enzymes guarantee the specificity and selectivity of these reactions and thus represent an exciting, while highly underrepresented, class of drug targets. Specific methods can be employed to monitor their activity and thus query compound libraries for inhibitory small molecules. Here, we describe two protocols—one high‐throughput and one low‐throughput method—to detect E3 ligase activity and test small molecule modulation. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: AlphaScreen assay to measure TRAF6‐Ubc13 interactionBasic Protocol 2: Gel‐based in vitro ubiquitination assay (K63‐linked chains)