bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of UV/Ozone Treatment on Threshold Voltage Modulation in Sol–Gel IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Wonsik , Lee Won‐June , Kwak Taehyun , Baek Seokhyeon , Lee Seung‐Hoon , Park Sungjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSol–gel indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductors are developed as active components of thin‐film transistors (TFTs) because of their high electron mobility, cost‐effective large‐area fabrication, and applicability for flexible substrates. Controlling oxygen vacancies (Vo) in the IGZO semiconductor channel is always problematic for reliable and long‐term operation. Surplus interfacial charges inside the IGZO channel cause negative shifts in threshold voltages (Vth), resulting in depletion‐mode operation and involuntary high current output. The room temperature and rapid (<3 min) modulation of Vth using a novel ultraviolet ozone (UVO) treatment of IGZO layer (In:Ga:Zn = 7:1:2) are reported. Physicochemical and electrical analysis reveals that UVO treatment enables the reduction of Vo and increases MO bonding with invariant contact resistance, resulting in the normalization of Vth close to 0 V and high operational durability under long‐term bias stress. As a proof of concept, this study demonstrates the depletion‐load n‐type inverters comprising depletion and enhancement modes (without & with UVO) on the same substrate that allow high gain (≈10) with a moderate noise margin. This UVO treatment of the active layer is advantageous for the effective modulation of Vth with stable operation under long‐term bias stress and is superior to logic inverters based on single‐mode sol–gel oxide transistors.
Organic Photovoltaics’ New Renaissance: Advances Toward Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: NG Leonard W. T. , Lee Seok Woo , Chang Dong Wook , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Vak Doojin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently breathed new life into organic photovoltaic (OPVs), achieving breakthrough photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. Unlike conventional fullerene acceptors, they offer strong levels of tunability and solution‐processibility that allow them to be easily exploited in the roll‐to‐roll (R2R) fabrication process. This has enabled a new renaissance for OPVs in the face of other photovoltaic material candidates for large‐scale, high‐throughput, cost‐effective manufacturing. In this review, the current progress of R2R manufacturing of NFA‐OPVs and the applications enabled by them are summarized. The perspectives on their research, technological, and future prospects for industry scale‐up are also presented.
Rotational Multiplexing Method Based on Cascaded Metasurface Holography
Authors: Wei Qunshuo , Huang Lingling , Zhao Ruizhe , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the emergence of optical metasurfaces, their outstanding wavefront modulation ability and numerous degrees of freedom (DOFs) have motivated many multiplexing methods, and many unprecedented functionalities and impressive advances have been achieved. However, the number of DOFs of single‐layer metasurfaces is intrinsically limited. To further explore the innovative multiplexing dimensions and application scenarios of metasurfaces, multilayer and cascaded metasurfaces are proposed. Inspired by the alignment sensitivity of cascaded metasurface holography, here the authors use the in‐plane rotation between two cascaded metasurfaces as an additional design DOF to introduce the concept of the rotational multiplexing method. An iterative gradient optimization scheme based on a machine learning method is developed to obtain the phase profiles. Dual working modes can be achieved, and both single‐layer and rotational cascaded holography can be reconstructed in the far‐field. Such versatile configurations may provide promising solutions for optical encryption, data storage, and dynamic display.
Metal‐Free TFA‐Promoted Regioselective (Hetero)Arylation: Synthesis of (Hetero)Aryl Substituted and Carbazole/Oxepine Fused N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Jatoth Ramanna , Naikawadi Praveen Kumar , Bhaskar Boyapally , Gugulothu Kishan , Edukondalu Peramalla , Kumar K. Shiva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetal‐free TFA promoted arylation/heteroarylation was achieved under mild conditions via the reaction of chloro‐derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles [e. g., =C−C(Cl)=N−] with electron rich arenes/heteroarenes. It was also observed that apart from participating in the heteroarylation step, TFA was able to facilitate the hydroarylation/o‐arylation process in the same pot affording the carbazole/oxepine fused N‐heterocycles. The reaction proceeded with similar efficiency on gram scale.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroborylative Polycyclization of Allenynes: an Atom‐Economical and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclic 5‐5 Fused Rings
Authors: Manjón‐Mata Inés , Quirós M. Teresa , Velasco‐Juárez Elena , Buñuel Elena , Cárdenas Diego J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA diastereoselective synthesis of borylated bicyclic 5‐5 fused ring systems by a domino Ni‐catalyzed hydroborylative polycyclization of allenynes has been developed. The reaction provides two new C−C and one C−B bonds and constitutes an atom‐economical method. It occurs rapidly, in absence of inert atmosphere, with an inexpensive Ni‐based catalyst and HBpin as boron source. The procedure showed excellent tolerance to functional groups and a wide scope. Derivatization of the borylated bicycles has been performed to explore the synthetic utility of the products. Experimental and DFT‐calculation results suggest that the process starts by an oxidative cyclometallation involving Ni(0) and both the allene and the alkyne moieties, followed by a stereoselective σ‐metathesis with HBpin. Formation of the second ring takes place through a non‐fully coplanar 1,2‐insertion into the Ni−H bond to give a nickelacyclohexene which finally evolves by reductive elimination.magnified image
Lewis Acid Enhancement of Gold Catalytic Activity Through Counterion Coordination. Synthesis of Benzofulvenes from Progargylsilanes and Benzophenones
Authors: Fernández Sergio , Santamaría Javier , Ballesteros Alfredo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple, regioselective and high yielding gold‐catalyzed synthesis of benzofulvenes, from progargylsilanes and benzophenones, is described. Initially, the carbonyl compound is synergistically activated by the silyl moiety and, for the cyclization step, the gold catalytic activity is clearly increased by the participation of aluminum trichloride, acting as a cocatalyst. Several mechanistic intermediates, such as enynes and silylbenzofulvenes, have been isolated. Different control experiments have been performed, indicating the participation of [LAu][NTf2AlCl3] complex as the true catalyst, and revealing a dramatic enhancement of the gold activity by coordination of the Lewis acid to the gold counterion.magnified image
Modeling the Performance of Dy3+‐Based Boltzmann Thermometers by the Judd–Ofelt Theory
Authors: Martinović Ana , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Ćirić Aleksandar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnergy level positions, refractive index values, Judd–Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters, Slater integrals, and spin‐orbit coupling parameters are taken from the literature for 27 Dy3+‐doped materials (five crystals and 22 glasses). Investigated are only the transitions that are used for the Boltzmann‐type luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) thermometers (transitions from the three thermalized levels,4F9/2,4I15/2, and4G11/2to the ground level). Reduced matrix elements of these three transitions are calculated from the Slater integrals and spin‐orbit coupling parameters and they are compared to the most frequently used values from Carnall's tables. The comparison of JO parameters shows the smaller variation of the Ω6, related to rigidity, in crystal hosts than in glasses, and the opposite was observed for the Ω2,4parameters. LIR performances are simulated by the JO thermometric model for each material by the conventional LIR and the LIR that exploits the third thermalized level. The comparison of the predicted figures of merit in luminescence thermometry reveals the most promising thermometric Dy3+doped crystals and glasses.
Bioactive NIR‐II Light‐Responsive Shape Memory Composite Based on Cuprorivaite Nanosheets for Endometrial Regeneration
Authors: Dong Chenle , Yang Chen , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Zhang Jing , He Gang , Qiu Xingdi , Fu Lian‐Hua , Zhang Dong‐Yang , Wang Hao , Hong Wenli , Lin Jing , Wu Xueqing , Huang Peng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntrauterine adhesions (IUAs) caused by mechanical damage or infection increase the risk of infertility in women. Although numerous physical barriers such as balloon or hydrogel are developed for the prevention of IUAs, the therapeutic efficacy is barely satisfactory due to limited endometrial healing, which may lead to recurrence. Herein, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) light‐responsive shape memory composite based on the combination of cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10) nanosheets (CUP NSs) as photothermal conversion agents and polymer poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (PT) as shape memory building blocks is developed. The as‐prepared CUP/PT composite possesses excellent shape memory performance under NIR‐II light, and the improved operational feasibility as an antiadhesion barrier for the treatment of IUAs. Moreover, the released ions (Cu, Si) can stimulate the endometrial regeneration due to the angiogenic bioactivity. This study provides a new strategy to prevent IUA and restore the injured endometrium relied on shape memory composite with enhanced tissues reconstruction ability.
Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom‐Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Fu Shuai , Liu Xiaomin , Narita Akimitsu , Samorì Paolo , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBottom‐up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state‐of‐the‐art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge‐specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene‐2D material‐based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
High‐Performance Monolayer SiMe‐Graphene n‐Type Field‐Effect Transistors with Low Supply Voltage and High On‐State Current in Sub‐5 nm Gate Length
Authors: Zhao Wenkai , Zou Dongqing , Sun Zhaopeng , Xu Yuqing , Ji Guomin , Li Xiaoteng , Yang Chuanlu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the development of device miniaturization, traditional Si‐based field effect transistors (FETs) are approaching their scaling limits. It is necessary to find more alternative materials to improve the performance of FETs. 2D semiconductors attract great attention for channel material due to their atomic‐scale smoothness and dangling‐bond‐free surface, and the gate electrostatic properties and charge carrier mobility are better than traditional 3D Si‐based semiconductor. In this paper, using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, the electronic properties and device performance of sub‐5 nm monolayer SiMe‐graphene n‐type field‐effect transistors are evaluated. Remarkably, the on‐state current value of the FET can reach 3070 µA µm−1, which greatly surpasses most of reported FETs based on other 2D semiconductors. In addition, the on‐state current, power dissipation, and delay time of the SiMe‐graphene FETs satisfy the high‐performance requirements of the 2020 International Roadmap for Device and Systems under different supply voltages, which indicates that the FETs can work at different operating frequencies and power consumption. Moreover, via controlling electrode doping concentration, the channel length can be reduced to 4 nm. In total, the SiMe‐graphene is a favorable channel material for future FETs devices.
Predicting Solar Cell Performance from Terahertz and Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Hempel Hannes , Savenjie Tom J. , Stolterfoht Martin , Neu Jens , Failla Michele , Paingad Vaisakh C. , Kužel Petr , Heilweil Edwin J. , Spies Jacob A. , Schleuning Markus , Zhao Jiashang , Friedrich Dennis , Schwarzburg Klaus , Siebbeles Laurens D.A. , Dörflinger Patrick , Dyakonov Vladimir , Katoh Ryuzi , Hong Min Ji , Labram John G. , Monti Maurizio , Butler‐Caddle Edward , Lloyd‐Hughes James , Taheri Mohammad M. , Baxter Jason B. , Magnanelli Timothy J. , Luo Simon , Cardon Joseph M. , Ardo Shane , Unold Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMobilities and lifetimes of photogenerated charge carriers are core properties of photovoltaic materials and can both be characterized by contactless terahertz or microwave measurements. Here, the expertise from fifteen laboratories is combined to quantitatively model the current‐voltage characteristics of a solar cell from such measurements. To this end, the impact of measurement conditions, alternate interpretations, and experimental inter‐laboratory variations are discussed using a (Cs,FA,MA)Pb(I,Br)3 halide perovskite thin‐film as a case study. At 1 sun equivalent excitation, neither transport nor recombination is significantly affected by exciton formation or trapping. Terahertz, microwave, and photoluminescence transients for the neat material yield consistent effective lifetimes implying a resistance‐free JV‐curve with a potential power conversion efficiency of 24.6 %. For grainsizes above ≈20 nm, intra‐grain charge transport is characterized by terahertz sum mobilities of ≈32 cm2 V−1 s−1. Drift‐diffusion simulations indicate that these intra‐grain mobilities can slightly reduce the fill factor of perovskite solar cells to 0.82, in accordance with the best‐realized devices in the literature. Beyond perovskites, this work can guide a highly predictive characterization of any emerging semiconductor for photovoltaic or photoelectrochemical energy conversion. A best practice for the interpretation of terahertz and microwave measurements on photovoltaic materials is presented.
Li4Ti5O12 Coating on Copper Foil as Ion Redistributor Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Xiong Xiaosong , Yan Wenqi , Zhu Yusong , Liu Lili , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Yu Nengfei , Wu Yuping , Wang Bin , Xiao Rui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithium metal is regarded as the most promising electrode material for the next generation of energy storage devices. However, low coulombic efficiency and short cycle lifespan caused by the unstable electrode interface have hindered its practical application. Constructing artificial coatings on the anode is one of the most effective approaches for remedying this, but the practical effects are still limited due to their poor regulation of Li+ ions transport and complex construction engineering. Herein, an “inverse concentration gradient” concept is put forward to improve the lithium metal anode, especially at high current density. A Li4Ti5O12 artificial coating layer is fabricated on copper foil by a simple droplet coating method and a concentrated Li+ ions region near the electrode interface in the coating layer is formed in situ after the initial activation process, which alleviates the effects of space charge regions generated by ion depletion on the growth of lithium dendrites. Coupled with high ionic conductivity and “zero strain” characteristics, stable dendrite‐free cycling of lithium metal anodes is achieved even at 5 mA cm−2 in Li/Cu half cell. The unique concentration gradient design provides a new perspective for the interface regulation of advanced lithium metal anodes.
Hydrogen Evolution Linked to Selective Oxidation of Glycerol over CoMoO4—A Theoretically Predicted Catalyst
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Araujo Rafael B. , Qiu Zhen , Campos dos Santos Egon , Anil Athira , Cornell Ann , Pettersson Lars G. M. , Johnsson Mats 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectrochemical valorization of biomass waste (e.g., glycerol) for production of value‐added products (such as formic acid) in parallel with hydrogen production holds great potential for developing renewable and clean energy sources. Here, a synergistic effort between theoretical calculations at the atomic level and experiments to predict and validate a promising oxide catalyst for the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) are reported, providing a good example of designing novel, cost‐effective, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for producing value‐added products at the anode and high‐purity hydrogen at the cathode. The predicted CoMoO4 catalyst is experimentally validated as a suitable catalyst for GOR and found to perform best among the investigated metal (Mn, Co, Ni) molybdate counterparts. The potential required to reach 10 mA cm−2 is 1.105 V at 60 °C in an electrolyte of 1.0 m KOH with 0.1 m glycerol, which is 314 mV lower than for oxygen evolution. The GOR reaction pathway and mechanism based on this CoMoO4 catalyst are revealed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and in situ Raman analysis. The coupled quantitative analysis indicates that the CoMoO4 catalyst is highly active toward CC cleavage, thus presenting a high selectivity (92%) and Faradaic efficiency (90%) for formate production.
Biological nitrogen fixation of cool‐season legumes in agronomic systems of the Southern Great Plains
Authors: MacMillan Jennifer , Adams Curtis B. , Hinson Philip O. , DeLaune Paul B. , Rajan Nithya , Trostle Calvin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a key ecosystem service rendered by legumes, but quantitative information is lacking regarding BNF in the Texas Rolling Plains (TRP), an easterly portion of U.S. Southern Great Plains where cool‐season legumes can typically be grown as cash or cover crops in dryland conditions. Using three diverse cropping systems studies (Site 1, long‐term cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L.]‐cover crop systems; Site 2, short‐term cotton‐cover crop systems; and Site 3, transitional organic wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] system), our research objective was to quantify and compare BNF and associated parameters among four cool‐season legumes (Austrian winter pea [Pisum sativum subsp. Arvense], hairy vetch [Vicia villosa], crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum], and lentil [Lens culinaris]) in different settings. At Sites 1 and 2, winter pea had growth of 2.73 to 3.44 Mg ha−1, the greatest percent N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa; 57.2–72.6%) and, depending on site, the greatest level of BNF (67–74 kg N ha−1). Results from the organic system (Site 3) demonstrated winter pea was also productive in growth and BNF when intercropped with wheat in N‐poor soil, with exceptionally high %Ndfa (92.7%). Hairy vetch and lentil differed in growth and %Ndfa, but had comparable BNF (46–51 kg N ha−1) at Sites 1 and 2. Growth of crimson clover was poor. This data provides insights on how cool‐season legumes differ in BNF in the TRP in a year when legume growth was average for the region. The TRP has a volatile climate, however, indicating further study is needed to fully understand the BNF benefit cool‐season legumes can provide in the region.
Winter legume cover effects on yields of biomass‐sorghum and cotton in Georgia
Authors: Anderson William , Knoll Joseph Edward , Olson Dawn , Scully Brian T. , Strickland Timothy C. , Webster Theodore M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong the many ecosystems services of winter covers, winter legumes have an advantage over winter grain covers by fixing N that may be used by subsequent crops. A 5‐yr study was conducted to compare the biomass yields of five leguminous winter cover crops [Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), fava bean (Vicia fava L.), narrow‐leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), cahaba vetch (Vicia spp.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] plus rye (Secale cereale L.) and determine the effects of these winter cover crops either harvested or left on the soil on subsequent biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields at two field locations in Georgia. Lupin produced between 4.16 and 9.54 Mg ha−1 biomass, approximately two to four times more than any other cover at both locations every year. Lupin, followed by vetch and winter pea had the greatest positive effect on biomass sorghum yields. Biomass‐sorghum yields after lupin cover were not significantly different whether biomass was retained on the soil by rolling or removed. Seed cotton yields were higher after lupin and vetch . Significantly higher sorghum and cotton yields occurred for rolled covers with crimson clover, winter pea, and fava bean. Averaged over the years and locations, lupin biomass produced approximately 143 kg ha−1 N, more than any other cover. The study suggests that harvested or grazed lupin or vetch covers could give similar benefits to summer row crops compared with traditionally leaving the cover on the soil.
Footprints of corn nitrogen management on the following soybean crop
Authors: Correndo Adrian A. , Adee Eric , Rosso Luiz H. Moro , Tremblay Nicolas , Prasad P. V. Vara , Du Juan , Ciampitti Ignacio A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is among the most typical crop rotations in the U.S. Corn Belt, and N is the most limiting nutrient for both crops. This study aims to assess the effects of N management for corn on the following soybean crop. Two corn–soybean rotation N fertilizer rate studies—a long‐term study (1983–2020, Case Study I) and a two‐season study (2019–2020, Case Study II)—were conducted in Kansas (United States). Case Study I focused on soybean seed yield as the response variable, whereas Case Study II included a detailed seasonal characterization of soil N, symbiotic N fixation (SNF), and plant N uptake for soybean considering N fertilizer rates on the previous corn crop. Apparent N budgets from corn (N fertilizer minus grain N removal) ranged from approximately −100 to approximately +50 kg N ha−1, and soybean yields were slightly or not affected by corn N management. Case Study I showed that long‐term N budgets in corn crops did not affect the following soybean crop yields. In Case Study II, the previous corn N management produced negative or small N surplus that influenced neither soil residual N nor SNF, without compromising soybean productivity. Farmers applying close to economic optimum N rates on corn will likely not generate scenarios of N surplus to compromise SNF or soybean yields. Forthcoming research should further address how long‐term and large soil N mining or surplus in corn may enhance or inhibit N fixation for the next soybean crop.