A UK retrospective analysis of recurrent cardiovascular events following acute myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel disease and additional risk factors
Authors: Mahmoudi M , McClintock R , Ruzangi J , Were J , O'Connell S , Gabriel S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with multivessel disease (MVD) are at increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in the early period after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to patients without MVD, possibly due to increased atherosclerotic burden. Moreover, many have additional risk factors such as older age, peripheral artery disease (PAD), prior AMI or diabetes that could further increase risk of recurrent events. Real-world evidence regarding the impact of additional CV risk factors on outcomes in patients with MVD remains sparse.

Purpose
To assess clinical outcomes in the early period after AMI in a UK cohort of patients with MVD and additional risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective analysis (January 1, 2008–December 31, 2018, inclusive) was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office of National Statistics databases to identify patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MVD within the study period and at least one non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis code on or after their first recorded MVD diagnosis. The effect of diabetes on clinical outcomes was assessed by comparing patients diagnosed with diabetes on or prior to their index AMI with those with no concurrent diabetes diagnosis (MVD+DM and MVD-DM cohorts, respectively). Clinical outcomes were also assessed in AMI patients without diabetes but with at least two additional risk factors including: age &gt;65 years, PAD diagnosis or prior MI diagnosis (MVD2RF+ cohort), and those with a single or none of the aforementioned risk factors (MVD2RF- cohort). Major adverse CV events (MACE) was defined as a composite of non-fatal AMI, non-fatal stroke or CV death.

Results
Of the 78,128 patients with MVD identified, 19,768 and 52,197 were eligible for inclusion in the MVD+DM and MVD-DM cohorts respectively. Occurrence of MACE was similar between the MVD+DM and MVD-DM cohorts at both 90 days (15% vs. 14%) and 1 year (19% vs. 17%) post-AMI; however, all-cause and CV mortality were significantly higher in the MVD+DM cohort over the study period (p&lt;0.001). In the subset of patients without diabetes, 7,531 and 44,666 patients met the criteria for the MVD2RF+ and MVD2RF- cohorts, respectively. A substantially higher proportion of patients in the MVD2RF+ cohort experienced a MACE within 90 days or 1 year post-MI compared with the MVD2RF- cohort (90 days: 45% vs. 9%; 1 year: 56% vs. 11%), with non-fatal MI accounting for the majority of recurrent events. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that both all-cause and CV mortality were significantly higher in the MVD2RF+ than the MVD2RF- cohort (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Having multiple risk factors including older age, PAD and a history of AMI substantially increases the risk of recurrent events in patients with MVD, particularly in the early period after AMI. Strategies to reduce the systemic atherosclerotic burden and risk of recurrent events in these patients are needed.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): CSL Behring