bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Evaluation of Some Liver Enzymes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Iraqi Patients
Authors: Kasim Ali Abdul Hussain , Mohammed Mohammed M. 
Published: April 2022

Liver is the main organ of glucose storage as glycogen and metabolism.This key function of liver exposes it to many types of diseases with metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes.Many studies had showed that; diabetes is associated with high risk of chronic liver disease, primary liver cancers and liver cirrhosis. However, most of these studies were performed in Western countries, and there is a lack of information from Iraq.
The aim of the study is to evaluate some hepatic enzymes in Iraqi patients with chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with healthy volunteers.Sixty Iraqi subjects with type 2 DM, and sixty healthy volunteers as control group were included in this study. The levels of (Glucose, ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP) were measured.The mean values of concentration levels of ALT, AST and GGT were significantly higher in T2DM than the control group (P≤ 0.001 for ALT, GGT and P≤ 0.05 for AST). In contrast, there is no significant difference in ALP levels in the two study groups.The results of this study are in accordance with previously reported high prevalence rates of abnormal liver enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in other populations.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Some New 4-Substituted-phenyl-3-chloro-1-{5-[(3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1- yl) methyl]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl} azetidin-2-one
Authors: Al-Smaisim Rafah Fadhil 
Published: April 2022

A new series of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives (1-15) incorporated into fused to different nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocyclic were prepared from 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole when treated with ethylchloroacetate in the present of potassium carbonate to offer Ethyl (3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) acetate (1).Compound (1) converted to 2-[(3,5-dimethyl -1H-pyrazol -1-yl) acetyl] hydrazinecarbothioamide (2) by reaction with thiosemicarbazide in methanol.Cyclocondensation (2) was reacted with mineral acid H2SO4 to produce 5-[(3, 5- dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amine (3). Various new Schiff bases (4-9) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-[(3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1- yl) methyl]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amine (3) with various aryl aromatic aldehydes.A series of six new 4-substituted-phenyl-3-chloro-1-{5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1- yl)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}azetidin -2-one (10-15) have been synthesized by condensation of various Schiff bases (4-9) with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine. The structures of the new compounds (1-15) have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data. The newly synthesized compounds (10-15) were screened for their antibacterial activity against four bacterial species. They were found to exhibit good antibacterial activity.
Chemerin as a New Marker in Iraqi Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmed Hind Shakir , Thair Noor Thair 
Published: April 2022

Chemerin is a novel adipokine, suggested to be involved in insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes and may be an attractive candidate for assessing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
The aim of this study was to examine the role of chemerin as a new marker in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied with obesity and study the effect of age and gender in chemerin concentration.
This study included 53 (24 male and 29 female) newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who visited the National Diabetic Center, University of AL-Mustansiriyah. Those cases were referred to the Center during the period from November 2013 until the end of August 2014. They were subdivided according to body mass index; their age range was (38-52), and (35) healthy subjects were selected as a control group; they were well matched age with patients group.
There was a significant increase in waist, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance 2, and chemerin levels in newly diagnosed diabetic patients as compared to the control, (P=0.0001).
The results appear there was a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. A significant difference was found in serum chemerin levels among lean, overweight, and obese of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, (P=0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between serum chemerin versus fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile except high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-peptide, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance 2, while there was a significant negative correlation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and chemerin, (P<0.05).
It can be concluded that high levels of serum chemerin found in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients suggest that chemerin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Vitamin D, Metformin on Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patient
Authors: Abbas Hayder Kamil , Al-bayati Nisreen J. , Gatea Asmaa Kadhim 
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary (PCO) is the most common hormonal disturbance disease that characteristic by anovulation, oligo-ovulation and increase androgen male hormone and presence small ulcers in ovary.
This study aims to find the effects of vitamin D and Metformin on FBS, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG and VLDL for Patients Receiving them.
Two sets were used, the first set (G1) includes 14 patients aged range between 18 to 30 years old, which divided into two classes, the first class before treatment referred as (G1-A) and the second class after received vitamin D alone 4001.U the dose was a once daily for about 3 months referred to as (G1-B). Similarly, the second set (G2)also divided into two classes, the first class includes 14 patients their aged ranged between 19 to 30 years old before treatment referred to as (G2-A) and the second class after received (500 mg) metformin three time daily) for about 3 months to as (G2-B).
Results showed that there are significant pre and post treatment mean difference for fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG,VLDL for patient that receiving vitamin D alone; so the study shows significant effect of vitamin D on fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance level. In second group that taken metformin alone, also there are significant pre and post treatment mean difference for fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG and VLDL. Metformin reduced hyperglycemia primarily as a result of reducing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis) and the metformin significantly decrease in serum insulin resistance, whereas metformin appear no significant effect on testosterone level.
Synthesis, Characterization of Some New 2-Azetidinone Derivatives
Authors: Mahdi Monther Faisal , Al-Smaism Rafah Fadhel , Mahmood Ammar Ihsan 
Published: April 2022

New series of 2-Azetidinone (4a-4f) were synthesized, the structure of these new derivativeswereconfirmed using spectral methods starting from Ketoprofen we prepared an amide ester by using DCC and TEA in DCM, then converted to hydrazide by using hydrazine hydrate, then a Schiff bases were synthesized using different aromatic aldehydes in ethanol, and the final compounds were obtained by cyclocondensation using chloroacetylechloride.
The synthesis of the designed compounds has been successfully achieved. Purity and characterization were confirmed by determination of physical properties (melting points &Rf values), FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR Sp.
Pharmacokinetics of Paroxetine Tablets in healthy Arabic Subjects
Authors: Ibraheem Al-Tamimi Jaafar Jaber 
Published: April 2022

A single oral dose of paroxetine 20 mg tablets (Seroxat®, GlaxoSmithKline, England) were administered to thirty six healthy male adult fasting subjects to study the pharmacokinetics of the drug in Arabic population.
Twenty blood samples were obtained from each subject up to 96 hours after dosing. The concentrations of paroxetine were monitored in plasma to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters; Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t,AUC0-¥,Kel& T0.5;applying non-compartmental analysis.
The mean±SD for the abovementioned parameters were; 3.14±2.09 ng/ml, 5.1±1.28 hr, 48.6±45.9 ng.hr/ml, 59.5±42.3 ng.hr/ml, 0.066±0.022 hr-1 and 11.9±5.1 hrs, respectively. The present investigation demonstrated high inter individual variation particularly in the primary pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax (CV=66.5%), AUC0-t (CV=94.5%), and AUC0-¥ (CV=71%). Beside, comparing the results of the current investigation obtained from Arabic population with that published in other studies conducted in other nations indicating that there is clear population variability in the pharmacokinetic of paroxetine.
Therefore, it can be concluded from the present investigation that individualization and therapeutic drug monitoring are suggested for optimal therapy with paroxetine. However, further investigations are recommended to confirm this suggestion by studying the pharmacokinetics of the drug in Arabic patients and after multiple dosing.
Nebivolol Hydrochloride Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Transdermal Delivery System: Part 1: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Ghazy Esraa , Abdulrasool Alaa Abdulhusain , Al-Tamimi Jafar Jaber , Ayash Nawal 
Published: April 2022

Nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB) is a 3rd generation highly selective β1-blocker with antihypertensive properties, the elimination half-life is about 10 hrs and the oral bioavailability is about 12%.
The study was aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for transdermal delivery of NEB.
The study involves two separate parts, part 1 (current) involves preparation and characterization of NEB loaded NLCs (NEB-NLCs). Part 2 of the study, NEB-NLCs based gel was formulated using gelling agent carbapol 934 as transdermal delivery system using rat skin. Part 2 of the study will be presented separately in the forthcoming issue.
The current investigation describes the effect of type and concentration of different solid lipids, liquid lipids, and surfactant/co-surfactant on the characteristics of NLC such as particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug release profile. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope revealed nearly spherical shape NLC with negligible effect of liquid lipid (oleic acid) content on the particle morphology. The differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated depression in the melting point and crystallinity index of the NLCs with increasing the amount of liquid lipid. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that 93% of the drug was released over 24hrs. The NEB-NLCs possessed a biphasic release pattern characterized by a rapid initial release followed by a sustained release.
Causes, Attempts and Methods of Suicide in Baghdad: An Autopsy Study
Authors: Jabor Mohammad A. , Kareem Suhaila Saleem 
Published: April 2022

Suicide is defined as intentional taking of one's own life. Until the end of the twentieth century approximately, suicide was considered a criminal act; legal terminology is used, in the Latin phrase felo-de-se, which means "a crime against the self".
Descriptive study of 100 fatal recorded suicidal cases brought for postmortem examination at the Medico-legal institute of Baghdad within four years period from first of September 2011 to first of September 2015 (males 49 and females 51 cases). The study excludes the firearm deaths. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain data by direct interview with the visitors of the victim, family members, witnesses and information available on police records.
Death on spot was recorded in 47% of the cases while 41% of victims died within 24 hours of incidence whereas 12% victims survived for 7 days. About 56% of Suicidal victims were discovered dead not hospitalized. Low socioeconomic conditions were most frequent (45%) cause for committing suicide followed by psychosocial causes (43%) and chronic diseases (12%). Poisoning (53%) and hanging (45%) were the two exclusive methods employed for committing suicide. Most of the victims (males 87.76% and females78.43%) have had a successful attempt to commit suicide in their first attempt while history of previous suicidal attempts was available in 17% of victims.
The aim of this study is to identify the intensity and frequency of suicide in relation to the Medico-legal aspect of the incidence such as method, duration of survival, causes of committing suicide and previous attempts to commit suicide.
From the results of the study we can conclude that most of the victims incorporated such suicidal attempts and methods were successful in accomplishing suicide in the first attempt (males 87.76% and females 78.43%) and the commonest cause of committing suicide is mostly their low socioeconomic condition and psychosocial reasons.
Effect of Pomegranate Extract and Chlorhexidine Mouth Wash on Post-Operative Complications After Surgical Removal of Wisdom Teeth
Authors: Rassul Haider Ali , Hassan Ahmad Fliah , Radhi Hani , Kareem Jabber J. 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pomegranate mouth wash in comparison with chlorhexidine mouth wash on post-operative complications result from surgical removal of wisdom teeth.
Forty Iraqi patients who underwent surgical removal of impacted wisdom teeth were divided into two equal groups, patients in first group were instructed to use pomegranate mouth wash while those in the second group used chlorhexidine mouth wash. Post operative complications as pain, swelling, trismus and oozing were examinated for both groups at second, fourth and seven days after operation. The data were statistically analyzes and compared between the groups.
A significant difference was shown between the two groups of pomegranate and chlorhexidine mouth wash according to each parameters (first = pain, second= swelling, third= trismus, forth= oozing) depends on the days of post-surgical assessment (second days, forth days and seven days).
In Conclusions the effectiveness of pomegranated mouth wash was better than chlorhexidine mouth wash on post operative complications following the surgical removal of third molars (wisdom).
Significance of Interleukin-8 in Cystitis and Schistosomal Chronic Cystitis
Authors: Jassim AL-Biaty Huda Sadoon , Aziz Rana Sami , Nayyef Hanan Jawad 
Published: April 2022

One of the important mediators of early inflammatory response in cystitis and an agent for attraction of neutrophils to the inflammation site is IL-8, in addition to its role in regulation angiogenesis. This study was carried out to assess the level of IL-8 biomarker in urine of cystitis patients (schistosomal chronic cystitis and non schistosomal cystitis).
Eighty eight Iraqi individual were divided to 50 cystitis patients and 38 healthy control, of whom urine sample and bladder biopsy were collected. Diagnosis of cystitis patients carried out by cystoscopy followed by histopathological examination and was classified to schistosomal chronic cystitis and non-schistosomal cystitis. Urine IL-8 level of studied groups was measured by ELISA test.
According to the result of ELISA technique, the mean urine concentration (pg/ml) of IL-8 increased significantly in cystitis patients 224.86 pg/ml than healthy controls 51.70 pg/ml. In regard to the age of cystitis patients urine level of this marker was significantly different (P<0.05), but there was not any significant increase in IL-8 urine level according to sex, while IL-8 was with significant increase in Schistosomal chronic cystitis than non-Schistosomal cystitis. Lastly urine IL-8 showed specificity in diagnosis of cystitis 91.39% and more sensitivity 96.34%.
Result of this study showed significant increase in urinary IL-8 concentration in cystitis patients, with significant correlation between IL-8 level with Schistsoma infection and age.
Salivary Cortisol Level Pre and Post MRI Scanning
Authors: Abbas Maha Jamal , Abood Kahtan Adnan , Al Azzawi Lehad M. 
Published: April 2022

The measurement of salivary cortisol level has become a reliable method for studying the adrenal cortical function and it is response to different intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as medications and stressful factors.
The aims of this study is to investigate if there is difference between sex and the effect of time of testing on salivary cortisol level, pre and post was scanning, data for cortisol, Salivary Flow Rate (SFR) and PH of saliva were analyzed.
Non-stimulated salivary samples from 24 subjects (8 males, 16 females) pre and post scanning with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was collected and the diurnal variation was taken into consideration for that all the pre and post scanning samples collected at the morning. Salivary cortisol was measured by ELISA technique, PH of saliva was measured by PH meter and salivary flow rate by specific equation.
The results shows there was significant difference in the level of salivary cortisol, SFR and PH of saliva pre and post examination and there was positive correlation with regard to cortisol level and PH of saliva pre and post scanning, just the salivary flow rate showed negative correlation, in addition the results revealed significant difference with regards to the sex of the participant as well as positive correlation between salivary PH and SFR in pretest phase and positive correlation between salivary cortisol level, SFR in post scanning phase.
From the results of this study we can conclude that the exposure to MRI scanning have an effect on Hypothalamic pituitary –adrenal axes and predispose to significant changes in cortisol level post scanning and this difference must be taken into consideration in concern to effect of raising the level of cortisone on other variables.
Study the Expression of Neogene PGBD3 that Derived from DNA Transposons in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Qasim Ahmed H. 
Published: April 2022

The process of molecular domestication that occurred on DNA transposons and gives what is called neogenes that may play an important role in the human genetic instability. One of these Neogene is piggyBac 3 (PGBD3) which is associated with human Cockayne syndrome and Premature ovarian failure.
The aim of this work is to study the expression of Neogene PGBD3 in colorectal cancer cell lines.
The protein expression of PGBD3 gene have been studied by western blot method in twelve colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW48, LOVO, DLD1) which are microsatellite instable MSI, (SW480, SW620, HT29, LS123, COLO205, T84, SW403, SW1463) which are microsatellite stable MSS and in healthy tissue of colon as a control.
The result of this study showed that the protein expression of PGBD3 gene in all 12 colorectal cancer cell lines were obtained with variable degree of expression which was not seen in healthy colon tissue.
From the results of this work, it can be concluded that PGBD3 may have a role in colorectal cancer either in initiation, promotion or progression which need further research and confirmation.
Comparative Study of Prepared Bromelain Gel Formulations and their Evaluation by HPLC Determination
Authors: Hasson Kahtan Jassim 
Published: April 2022

Bromelain powder (proteolytic enzyme) was formulated as a gel for topical medical application by using two preparations method; Carbople 940 was used in the first formulation and Lutrol F 127 in the second.
The physical and pharmaceutical properties of the gel formulations including the diffusion rates through the skin in vitro were evaluated.
The best permeability of Bromelain was obtained with the 22% Lutrol F 127 gel formulation. In addition, a simple and rapid reversed-phase HPLC method was developed to monitor the quantitative analysis during the study. The used column was C18, 5µm (25 cm length), the mobile phase consisted of 70% methanol in 0.1 M dibasic potassium phosphate. The retention time of Bromelain was 7.3 minutes and the method proved precision as the straight line relationship of peaks areas and concentrations was with a correlation coefficient 0.998, and the RSD value for five successive determinations for same sample solution was 1.2%.
Study the antibacterial Effect of CO2 Laser againstMultidrug Resistant Biofilm formationAcinetobacterbaumanniiIsolated from Different Samples
Authors: Naji Eman Natiq 
Published: April 2022

Acinetobacterbaumanniihas become known as an imperative healthcare associated and multidrug-resistant microorganismwarrants the training of novel methodologies for prevention and treatment. This report aimed to estimate the antimicrobial properties ofCO2laser at 10600 nm on A.baumannii isolates. Two hundred specimens were collected from patients suffering from wound infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and medical equipment samples. 50 samples for each. These samples were gathered from diverse hospitals in Baghdad\Iraq. The collected specimens were streaked directly on CHROM agar Acinetobacter. The positive culture results were diagnosed genotypicaly, recA gene (a house keeping gene) was used for this purpose. All isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity testing and 13 divers of antibiotics were used. Also, the ability of biofilm formation was detected. CO2laser 10600 nm at power densities (1000,1500,2000 and 2500) W/cm2 with exposure time (15,30, 45 and 60) second was used for the irradiation experiment.17 isolates were positive to A. baumannii which were distributed as follows 4 ,6, 3 and 4 isolates from wounds,urine , sputum and medical equipments samples respectively. Antibiotic sensitivitytest results considered ten of A.baumanniias MDR isolates because of its capability to resist ten antibiotics belong to cephalosporins, carbapenems,ampicillinsulbactam, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides groups. In additions 14(82.35%) out of the 17 isolates were biofilm producer ranged from weak, moderate to strong biofilm produer. Four isolates, one from four different isolation sources were chosen for CO2 laser irradiation each isolate resisted to all antibiotics used in this study and strong biofilm producer. In general, in this study the results showed that when using power densities (2000 and 2500 W/cm2 at exposure time 30s and 45s) of CO2 laser irradiations the maximum rate of killing percentage was ranged from 97% to 100% for A.baumannii isolated from clinical samples while more exposure time were needed (45s and 60s) to get the same killing percentage for A.baumannii isolated from medical equipments. Consequently, the use of CO2 laser 10600 nm which is independent towards the antibacterial agents resistance pattern of MDR A.baumannii could verify advantageous in treatment of various types of infections caused by these bacteria in addition it may be used in sterilization of some medical equipment surfaces