bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing policy analytical capacity in contemporary governments: New measures and metrics
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAssessing the policy analytical capacity (PAC) of governments has suffered in the past from the anecdotal nature of most studies, leading to different evaluations of specific analytical activities and of the overall competences and capacities of governments as a whole. What is needed to advance the field is a set of metrics that can generate insights into the capabilities of different units and how changes to their and overall government capacity develop over time. Focusing on this component of policy capacity, we map and measure the distribution of policy professionals in the provincial, territorial, and federal governments in Canada. Our measures are tested against two major findings regarding PAC: first that variation among governmental PAC varies by size of the civil service, with smaller jurisdictions likely to have less capacity, and second, that concentration of professionals in specific issue areas underscores that area's political and/or policy salience to the government concerned. Both measures prove robust in assessing Canadian government activities in these areas.Points for practitionersPolicy capacity is acknowledged as a significant perquisite for policy success.While some general frameworks exist highlighting policy relevant competences and capabilities important to policy success, how to measure these remains under‐investigated.Focusing on policy analytical capacity, this paper draws on the literature on policy professionals to develop two measures of this component of policy capacity linked to the extent to which an agency focuses on analysis and the proportion of their staff who work on the subject compared to other agencies.The measures are deployed in an illustrative case of Canada and Canadian governments at the territorial, provincial, and federal level which confirms their utility and robustness as indicators of the different levels of analytical capacity different agencies employ.
Universities as Internationalization Catalysts: Reversing Roles in University–Industry Collaboration
Authors: Corsi Simone , Feranita Feranita , Hughes Mat , Wilson Alex 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUniversity–industry (U‐I) collaboration is vital to the development of society. However, this important interaction has become something of a caricature whereby a sequential and unidirectional relationship exists, with universities creating knowledge and industries commercializing it. We address this issue by using the triple helix (TH) perspective and the network‐revised Uppsala model of internationalization to demonstrate how this relationship can be reversed. We present an embedded longitudinal case study of a UK–China innovation programme, run by a UK university with the aim of supporting the development of 62 collaborative innovation projects between 58 UK small and medium enterprises and Chinese organizations. The results reveal a pressing need to revisit universities’ third mission: the transfer of academic knowledge to industry. The findings demonstrate universities’ role as internationalization catalysts for firms engaged in U‐I collaboration. This signals an important and underexplored component of the TH perspective. The knowledge exchange type in U‐I relationships shows a possible reversal in firm and university roles, where knowledge and technology are contributed by firms, and access to markets is orchestrated by universities, which become internationalization platforms.
Qualitative study using grounded theory examining collegiality among emergency physicians
Authors: Mallows James L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCollegiality is considered to be any extra‐role behaviour that is discretionary, not recognised by a formal reward system and that promotes the effective functioning of the organisation. Although there is much literature on the concept of collegiality, there are few studies examining collegiality in the medical profession and none looking at collegiality among emergency physicians (EPs). The aim of the present study is to explore the perceptions of different ED healthcare professionals on the meaning of collegiality among EPs, the benefits of collegiality and behaviours they identify as indicative of collegiality.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using grounded theory. Data collection was via focus group interviews of three to four participants per group. Participants included EPs, emergency medicine trainees, senior emergency nurses and nurse practitioners. Three questions were explored: ‘what does collegiality mean to you?’; ‘what are the benefits of collegiality?’; and ‘what specific behaviours do you see as part of collegiality?’ResultsTen focus group interviews involving a total of 33 participants were conducted. Several themes were identified for both the meaning of collegiality and the benefits of collegiality among EPs. Eight themes regarding collegial behaviour were identified: (i) mutual respect and trust; (ii) mutual support; (iii) attitude; (iv) work ethic; (v) staff welfare; (vi) patient management; (vii) handover; and (viii) education.ConclusionThe present study identified distinct themes and behaviours indicative of collegiality among EPs. Promoting these behaviours could improve staff well‐being, ED efficiency, patient safety and productivity.
Extremely halophilic strains of Halobacterium salinarum as a potential starter culture for fish sauce fermentation
Authors: Udomsil Natteewan , Pongjanla Sirinya , Rodtong Sureelak , Tanasupawat Somboon , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProteinase‐producing halophilic archaea were isolated from Thai fish sauce collected from industrial fermentation tanks at various periods of fermentation. Five isolates namely, J‐1‐S4, J‐1‐S13, J‐1‐S22, 2 m‐40‐15‐R2, and P‐1‐S8, were identified as Halobacterium salinarum with slightly different colony and morphological characteristics among isolates. Starters of five isolates were prepared and added to the anchovy mixed with 25% solar salt and fermented for 180 days at 30–35°C. Halophilic bacteria/archaea counts of inoculated samples were decreased and undetected after 120 days of fermentation. At 180 days of fermentation, α‐amino group contents of inoculated fish sauce samples (856–1010 mM) and total nitrogen content (2.2%–2.5%) were higher than the control without archaea inoculation (p < 0.05). All samples contained low amounts of biogenic amines, suggesting that all starters were not biogenic amine formers. The major volatile compound found in samples inoculated with H. salinarum P‐1‐S8 and H. salinarum 2 m‐40‐15‐R2 was 3‐methylbutanal, which contributes to the meaty note. Dimethyl disulfide, a compound that contributes to fecal note, was detected in all inoculated samples in a lower amount than in the commercial fish sauce (p < 0.05). Thus, H. salinarum accelerated protein hydrolysis and produced desirable volatile compounds during fish sauce fermentation in a strain‐specific manner.
Consumers’ perception of cultured meat relative to other meat alternatives and meat itself: A segmentation study
Authors: Cornelissen Kees , Piqueras‐Fiszman Betina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCultured meat is still under development but could possibly serve as a meat alternative. As a result, the acceptance and perception of cultured meat have received considerable attention in consumer research. However, only few comparisons to meat or meat alternatives have been made, which makes it unclear how cultured meat compares to these products. This is the first study to directly compare cultured meat to plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMA), fish, insects, and conventional meat. Dutch consumers (n = 288) evaluated their perception and willingness to consume (WTC) patties made from the five sources listed above. Consumer segmentation based on the WTC ratings was performed, and the resulting clusters were compared in terms of their preferences, perception of cultured meat, and demographic and psychographic variables. To see if naming affected consumers’ cultured meat perception, respondents were assigned to one of five naming conditions for cultured meat.The clusters analysis yielded three clusters, two of which showed moderate WTC cultured meat. The first cluster could be characterized as “meat lovers.” Their WTC was strongest for conventional meat, followed by cultured meat, and tastiness was their main driver of WTC. The second cluster's preference was fish, followed by PBMA, with naturalness, safety, and tastiness being their drivers of WTC. The third cluster's highest WTC was for PBMA, followed by cultured meat. Among their drivers of WTC were healthiness, sustainability, and animal friendliness. Psychographic variables were highly valuable in explaining the clusters. Finally, no effects of naming for cultured meat were observed.Practical ApplicationThe results contribute to the design of guidelines to promote different meat alternatives considering specific target populations.
Perceptions and experiences of career success among aspiring and early career accountants and the role of organisational support
Authors: Jackson Denise , Richardson Julia , Michelson Grant , Munir Rahat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPositive perceptions of career success are critical among accounting professionals, given their connection with performance, turnover and organisational commitment. Drawing on career stage theory, this study explores the perceptions and experiences of career success among 475 aspiring (Accounting/Finance students), 305 early career accountants (ECAs) and 165 managers/recruiters in Australia. Findings reflected both objective and subjective dimensions of career success alongside notable differences between aspiring accountants and ECAs, highlighting shifting views across the career stages of exploration and establishment. While ECAs were largely positive about their access to career success, managers/recruiters identified ways to create further opportunities for ECAs' career success.
miRNAs for testicular germ cell tumours: Contemporary indications for diagnosis, surveillance and follow‐up
Authors: Chavarriaga Julian , Hamilton Robert J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite excellent outcomes with modern multidisciplinary care, clinicians caring for patients with testicular germ cell tumour (TGCTs) face clinical dilemmas across the spectrum of disease. Wrong treatment choices can lead to undertreatment or overtreatment of these young men. Unfortunately the currently available biomarkers alpha‐fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin, lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to reliably aid in these clinical dilemmas. Thus, a sensitive and specific biomarker is desperately needed. Serum or plasma miRNA, in particular, miR‐371a‐3p, has shown great promise in discriminating the presence of TGCT and may represent a breakthrough for this disease. In this review, we discuss the potential role of miRNA across clinical states of TGCTs. We review their discovery, methods of assay, limitations and future potential.
Artificial sphincters: An overview from existing devices to novel technologies
Authors: Toniolo Ilaria , Mascolini Maria Vittoria , Carniel Emanuele Luigi , Fontanella Chiara Giulia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtificial sphincters (ASs) are used to replace the function of the biological sphincters in case of severe urinary and fecal incontinence (UI and FI), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The design of ASs is established on different mechanisms, e.g., magnetic forces or hydraulic pressure, with the final goal to achieve a implantable and durable AS. In clinical practice, the implantation of in‐commerce AS is considered a reasonable solution, despite the sub‐optimal clinical outcomes. The failure of these surgeries is due to the malfunction of the devices (between 46 and 51%) or the side effects on the biological tissues (more than 38%), such as infection and atrophy. Concentrating on this latter characteristic, particular attention has been given to the interaction between the biological tissues and AS, pointing out the closing mechanism around the duct and the effect on the tissues. To analyze this aspect, an overview of existing commercial/ready‐on‐market ASs for GERD, UI, and FI, together with the clinical outcomes available from the in‐commerce AS, is given. Moreover, this invited review discusses ongoing developments and future research pathways for creating novel ASs. The application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine enhances the quality of healthcare and improves patient outcomes. In this context, computational methods represent an innovative solution in the design of ASs, proving data on the occlusive force and pressure necessary to guarantee occlusion and avoid tissue damage, considering the coupling between different device sizes and individual variability.
Editorial: What a year!
Authors: Nind Melanie 
Published: November 2022

Accessible summary
In the last issue of 2022 I reflect on the uncertainty we have been living with again this year. While the impact of Covid‐19 may be lessening, war and the cost of living are affecting us all.
Following some research with people with learning disabilities about getting further involved in the journal more changes are on the way.
I am busy consulting with people with learning disabilities about what the focus of the 2024 special issue of the journal should be.
Meanwhile, this issue of the journal has papers on many topics including eating, mothering, having friendships, staying well and ageing.
Efficient Storage and Importance Sampling for Fluorescent Reflectance
Authors: Hua Q. , Tázlar V. , Fichet A. , Wilkie A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a technique for efficient storage and importance sampling of fluorescent spectral data. Fluorescence is fully described by a re‐radiation matrix, which for a given input wavelength indicates how much energy is re‐emitted at other wavelengths. However, such representation has a considerable memory footprint. To significantly reduce memory requirements, we propose the use of Gaussian mixture models for the representation of re‐radiation matrices. Instead of the full‐resolution matrix, we work with a set of Gaussian parameters that also allow direct importance sampling. Furthermore, if accuracy is of concern, a re‐radiation matrix can be used jointly with efficient importance sampling provided by the Gaussian mixture. In this paper, we present our pipeline for efficient storage of bispectral data and provide its extensive evaluation on a large set of bispectral measurements. We show that our method is robust and colour accurate even with its comparably minor memory requirements and that it can be seamlessly integrated into a standard Monte Carlo path tracer.
Survival and complications of zygomatic implants compared to conventional implants reported in longitudinal studies with a follow‐up period of at least 5 years: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moraschini Vittorio , de Queiroz Tiago Rocha , Sartoretto Suelen Cristina , de Almeida Daniel Costa Ferreira , Calasans‐Maia Monica Diuana , Louro Rafael Seabra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundZygomatic implants (ZI) have been frequently indicated to rehabilitate patients with extensive atrophies in alternatives to major bone reconstructions. It can be installed inside the maxillary sinus, called instrasinus zygomatic implant (IZI) or outside the maxillary sinus (EZI), depending on the surgery technique.ObjectiveTo evaluate the survival and complication rates of ZI in longitudinal studies when compared with conventional implants (CI).MethodsAn electronic search was performed in five databases and in Gray literature for articles published until April, 2022. The eligibility criteria comprised observational cohort studies (prospective or retrospective) and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 5 years of follow‐up, reporting survival rate of ZI versus CI. A meta‐analysis was conduct with 18 studies.ResultsA total of 5434 implants (2972 ZI and 2462 CI) were analyzed in 1709 patients. The mean survival rate was 96.5% ± 5.02 and 95.8% ± 6.36 for ZI and CI, respectively (mean follow‐up time of 78 months). There were observed no statistically significant between ZI and CI in prospective studies (risk ratio [RR] of 1.21; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.28 to 5.28; chi‐squared [Chi2] = 11.37; I2 = 56%; degrees of freedom [df] = 5; z‐score = 0.25; P = 0.80), retrospective studies IZI (RR of 1.29; 95% CIs: 0.52 to 3.23; Chi2 = 4.07; I2 = 2%; df = 4; z‐score = 0.55; P = 0.58) and retrospective studies EZI (RR of 0.72; 95% CIs: 0.31 to 1.66; Chi2 = 1.99; I2 = 0%; df = 3; z‐score = 0.78; P = 0.44). The biological complications most related to ZI was sinusitis, followed by infection and oroantral communication.ConclusionZI have a high long‐term survival rate (96.5% with a mean of 91.5 months of follow‐up), showing no significant difference when compared with CI. The most prevalent biological complication is sinusitis, being most commonly to the IZI technique. This systematic review (SR) was registered in INPLASY under number INPLASY202280025.
The effects of bundling on livestock producers' valuations of environmentally friendly traits available through genomic selection
Authors: Worden David , Hailu Getu , Jones Kate , Lee Yu Na 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study estimates the willingness to pay (WTP) premiums for two novel traits available through genomic technologies in the dairy industry. Using a contingent valuation method to elicit WTP and the data from mail surveys collected from 486 Canadian dairy producers, we find a positive WTP premium for feed efficiency and a negative or zero WTP premium for reduced methane emissions. However, we observe positive valuations for reduced methane emissions if it is bundled with the feed efficiency trait. This finding suggests that the way private and public benefits of environmentally sustainable production alternatives are presented to livestock producers is critical, especially as the industry adapts to rising demand while holding an increasingly precarious position in environmental sustainability.
Immune cell function assay and T lymphocyte counts lack association with rejection or infection in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Chen Justin K. , Salerno David M. , Corbo Heather , Mantell Benjamin S. , Richmond Marc , Rothkopf Amy , Lytrivi Irene D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionImmune cell function assay (ICFA) and CD3 lymphocyte counts have been considered to be useful in discerning the overall intensity of immunosuppression in pediatric orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients.MethodsThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate trends of ICFA and CD3 lymphocyte counts and their association with adverse outcomes post‐OHT.ResultsA total of 381 ICFA and 493 CD3 laboratory values obtained in 78 patients within six months post‐OHT were analyzed. There were 14 patients treated for biopsy‐proven acute rejection, four of whom had ISHLT grade 2R/3A rejection. In patients with rejection versus those without, CD3 and ICFA values were 122 (IQR 74.5–308) cells/mm2 and 224.5 (IQR 132–343.5) ng/ml compared to 231.8 (IQR 68–421) cells/m2 and 191 (IQR 81.5–333) ng/mL (p = NS for both). Twenty‐six patients had at least one detectable cytomegalovirus or Epstein‐Barr virus DNAemia within the study timeframe. In patients with viremia versus those without, CD3 and ICFA values were 278.5 (IQR 68–552) cells/mm2 and 130 (IQR 48–284) ng/ml compared to 195 (IQR 74.5–402.5) cells/mm2 and 212 (IQR 89–342) ng/ml (p = NS for both).ConclusionsNo association was found between these immune markers and adverse outcomes. In the absence of larger pediatric studies justifying the role of these tests in identifying elevated risk profiles post OHT, we do not recommend their routine use.
Associations of psychosocial stress with type 2 diabetes and glycaemic control among Ghanaians: The RODAM study
Authors: Chilunga Felix P. , Schwerzel Pleun S. , Meeks Karlijn A. C. , Beune Erik , Bahendeka Silver , Mockenhaupt Frank , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin , Agyemang Charles 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe extent to which psychosocial stress relates to type 2 diabetes among sub‐Saharan Africans is not well understood. We assessed associations of psychosocial stresses with type 2 diabetes status and glycaemic control among Ghanaians.MethodsWe used data from Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. We performed logistic and linear regression models to assess association of psychosocial stresses with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c respectively with adjustments for age, sex, education and other stresses. We also assessed moderation effects of migration status (migrant Ghanaians vs. non‐migrant Ghanaians), age, sex and education by adding interaction terms in models.ResultsFour thousand eight hundred and forty one Ghanaians were included with 44% resident in Ghana, 62% women, mean age of 46 years and 10% having type 2 diabetes. Psychosocial stress at home and at work were not associated with type 2 diabetes or HbA1c levels. Negative life events in past 12 months were negatively associated with type 2 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio = 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99). Perceived discrimination was positively associated with type 2 diabetes (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.004–1.03). Both associations were more pronounced in men. Perceived discrimination was also positively associated with HbA1c levels, especially among those with type 2 diabetes (adjusted β = 0.01, 95% CI 0.007–0.02).ConclusionsPerceived discrimination and negative life events are associated with type 2 diabetes and glycaemic control among Ghanaians, especially in men. Further studies are needed to identify context‐specific mechanisms underlying these associations.
Optogenetic stimulation of infralimbic cortex projections to the paraventricular thalamus attenuates context‐induced renewal
Authors: Brown Alexa , Chaudhri Nadia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContexts associated with prior reinforcement can renew extinguished conditioned responding. The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices are thought to mediate the expression and suppression of conditioned responding, respectively. Evidence suggests that PL inputs to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) drive the expression of cue‐induced reinstatement of drug seeking and that IL inputs to the PVT mediate fear extinction retrieval. However, the role of these projections in renewal of appetitive Pavlovian conditioned responding is unknown. We trained male and female Long‐Evans rats to associate a conditioned stimulus (CS; 10 s white noise) with delivery of a 10% sucrose unconditioned stimulus (US; .2 ml/CS) to a fluid port in a distinct context (Context A). We then extinguished responding by presenting the CS without the US in a different context (Context B). At test, rats were returned to Context A, and optogenetic stimulation was delivered to either the IL‐to‐PVT or PL‐to‐PVT pathway during CS presentations. Optically stimulating the IL‐to‐PVT, but not the PL‐to‐PVT pathway, attenuated ABA renewal of CS port entries, and this effect was similar in males and females. Further, rats self‐administered optical stimulation of the IL‐to‐PVT but not the PL‐to‐PVT pathway suggesting that activation of the IL‐to‐PVT pathway is reinforcing. The effectiveness of optical stimulation parameters to activate neurons in the IL, PL and PVT was confirmed using Fos immunohistochemistry. These findings provide evidence for novel neural mechanisms in renewal of responding to a sucrose‐predictive CS, as well as more generally in contextual processing and appetitive associative learning.