bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutional Essentials
Authors: Michelman Frank I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work examines closely the constitution-centered proposition on political legitimacy, offered by John Rawls in Political Liberalism in response to the problem posed for government by consent by facts of deep-lying disagreement among citizens. An answer, Rawls thought, could lie in the possibility of a framework law for a society’s politics—a “constitution,” including a bill of rights—that all, despite other disagreements, could find reason to accept. The work offers explication of the thought behind Rawls’s proposal, while also placing it in relation to a duality of functions—–“regulatory” and “justificatory”—for which lawyers in constitutional-democratic societies typically look to their countries’ bodies of constitutional law. Conflicts in practical implications from these functional attributions, the work suggests, can help explain the persistence of debates in constitutional-democratic venues over topics ranging from choices between “legal” and “political”—or between “written” and “unwritten”—constitutions, to thinness versus thickness in formulations of constitutional principles and guarantees, the place of constitutional fidelity among liberal political virtues, activism versus restraint in the conduct of judicial constitutional review, original-meaning versus moral-reading approaches to constitutional interpretation, and extension of constitutional substantive guarantees beyond negative restraints on the government to take in affirmative state obligations for satisfaction of the basic material needs of citizens, and for protection of them against oppression from nongovernmental social powers. The book also looks into whether some later-arriving work from Rawls signifies modification of the procedurally dependent basis for political justification than it finds in the first edition of Political Liberalism.
Legitimacy: Procedural Compliance or Ethical Attitude?
Authors: Michelman Frank I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an added introduction for a 1996 second edition of Political Liberalism, John Rawls tabled an “idea of legitimacy based on reciprocity” to accompany and supplement—arguably to modify—the prior proposed “liberal principle of legitimacy” that has so far stood at the focus of this book’s discussions. Chapter 7 asks whether Rawls meant by the new formulation to displace a public procedural test (of constitutional compliance, institutionally refereed) for the justifiability of acts of political coercion in a democracy by a subjective test of motivation by a spirit of reciprocity based in regard for reasonable disagreement among free and equal citizens. The chapter sorts through various ways of avoiding the inference of such a stark shift of grounds by Rawls. These include (among other ways) a suggestion that the public procedural criterion continues to apply to the lawmaking acts and policies of citizens acting collectively through their governmental agents, while subjective reciprocity applies to the political actions citizens severally take as voters, agitators, and so on. They include also a suggestion (left open by this chapter) that reciprocity is satisfied by sincere belief that the act or policy under consideration has passed, or predictably would pass, the public test of refereed constitutional compliance with a legitimation-worthy constitution currently in force.
Liberal Tolerance to Liberal Collapse?
Authors: Michelman Frank I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Liberal democracies currently face internal threats from illiberal ideas and incitements, some of them gathering steam under shelter of basic-liberties guarantees indispensable, in a Rawlsian view, from any liberally justification-worthy body of constitutional law. This chapter takes up suggestions that the resultant bafflements are owing not only to a chronic liberal attraction to the idea of a “private sphere” mainly off limits to governmental intrusion but as well to a turn in the defense of liberal principles (represented by work of John Rawls) from a “comprehensive” to a “political” justificatory strategy. Chapter 14 suggests in response that the problem’s root in liberalism runs deeper than any “private sphere” ideology, assuming traces of that might remain even in the thought of Rawls as set forth in Chapter 13, or in any retraction from liberal dogmatics. It stems rather from a paradox of tolerance that is native to any possible liberalism, “comprehensive” or “political” as the case may be. It calls forth from Rawls, just as it has widely done from liberals over the years, a make-do response: to tolerate on principle, but not beyond the point of endangerment of the regime itself of toleration.
Distributive Justice
Authors: Weinrib Ernest J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the connection between corrective justice and distributive justice. These are categorically different structural ideas that cannot directly be integrated into a single overarching structure. Nonetheless, they participate in a distinctive kind of unity that consists in a conceptual sequence in which each stage presupposes and complements the preceding one. Thematic is the reciprocal independence of all persons, which is grounded in Kant’s notion of innate right. Innate right persists throughout the sequence, underlying the relationships of both private law and public law, and surfacing in contemporary jurisprudence as human dignity. By making the exclusivity of ownership legally effective, the state creates the possibility of threats to the independence of those whose action is confined to what is unowned by others. Subjection to another’s will is then not identical with injustice under corrective justice, and being able to make one’s way as an independent person cannot be assured by private law alone. Through arrangements of distributive justice (such as workers’ compensation, social insurance, provision of a social minimum, and automobile compensation systems), the state legislates to address this state-created consequence of the system of rights.
Procedural Requirements for Administrative Limits to Property Rights in the Netherlands
Authors: Sluysmans Jacques , Triet Nikky van 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The contribution gives an overview of the procedural requirements for administrative limits to property rights in the Netherlands. The Dutch constitution states expropriation may only take place in the public interest and if compensation has been ensured in advance. Property may only be taken through expropriation in accordance with the rules laid down in the Expropriation Act of 1851. This Act will be replaced by the Environment and Planning Act in 2022. The (by far) most common ground for expropriation is expropriation aimed at the development of an urban plan or environment plan (or a comparable decision regarding zoning). The actual expropriation cannot take place until there is an irrevocable urban or environment plan. Property rights are further ensured by the strict procedure that needs to be followed in case of such a plan to guarantee participation and due process in urban planning.
Public and Private Sovereign Powers in Liberal Models of Property Protection
Authors: Marique Yseult 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter compares the protection of private property from direct and indirect expropriation in three liberal systems: Belgium, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Focusing on these liberal systems, the chapter highlights how deeply expropriation lies at the crossroads between different areas of public law (eg constitutional law, fundamental law, and general administrative law); private law (eg property as a right); and mixed fields (eg environment and planning law). Despite an overall system protecting property rights against administrative arbitrariness at a rather similar level, many technical compromises and concrete solutions are reached via different routes, highlighting variations in preferences in liberal systems to curtail administrative powers: Belgium provides fragmented answers as it relies heavily on judge-made law in addition to its federalised system, whereas the Netherlands sequences the administrative process, compartmentalising it in fairly watertight stages where environmental plans and expropriation are kept separate, and Sweden addresses issues pertaining to expropriation topic by topic.
Procedural Safeguards of Property Rights in Southern Europe
Authors: Magaldi Nuria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a cross-cutting comparative analysis of how property rights may be restricted through expropriation in three legal systems in Southern Europe (Italy, Portugal, and Spain). In particular, the research is focused on the crucial role that the administrative expropriation procedure plays when a public authority decides to deprive a party of his or her property rights. By conducting this analysis, the author identifies the judicial remedies and procedural safeguards (including those established at constitutional level) which are foreseen in the three legal systems selected, drawing some conclusions on the differences and similarities amongst them.
Establishing Physalis as a Solanaceae model system enables genetic reevaluation of the inflated calyx syndrome
Authors: He Jia , Alonge Michael , Ramakrishnan Srividya , Benoit Matthias , Soyk Sebastian , Reem Nathan T , Hendelman Anat , Van Eck Joyce , Schatz Michael C , Lippman Zachary B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The highly diverse Solanaceae family contains several widely studied models and crop species. Fully exploring, appreciating, and exploiting this diversity requires additional model systems. Particularly promising are orphan fruit crops in the genus Physalis, which occupy a key evolutionary position in the Solanaceae and capture understudied variation in traits such as inflorescence complexity, fruit ripening and metabolites, disease and insect resistance, self-compatibility, and most notable, the striking inflated calyx syndrome (ICS), an evolutionary novelty found across angiosperms where sepals grow exceptionally large to encapsulate fruits in a protective husk. We recently developed transformation and genome editing in Physalis grisea (groundcherry). However, to systematically explore and unlock the potential of this and related Physalis as genetic systems, high-quality genome assemblies are needed. Here, we present chromosome-scale references for P. grisea and its close relative Physalis pruinosa and use these resources to study natural and engineered variations in floral traits. We first rapidly identified a natural structural variant in a bHLH gene that causes petal color variation. Further, and against expectations, we found that CRISPR–Cas9-targeted mutagenesis of 11 MADS-box genes, including purported essential regulators of ICS, had no effect on inflation. In a forward genetics screen, we identified huskless, which lacks ICS due to mutation of an AP2-like gene that causes sepals and petals to merge into a single whorl of mixed identity. These resources and findings elevate Physalis to a new Solanaceae model system and establish a paradigm in the search for factors driving ICS.
BPL3 binds the long non-coding RNA nalncFL7 to suppress FORKED-LIKE7 and modulate HAI1-mediated MPK3/6 dephosphorylation in plant immunity
Authors: Ai Gan , Li Tianli , Zhu Hai , Dong Xiaohua , Fu Xiaowei , Xia Chuyan , Pan Weiye , Jing Maofeng , Shen Danyu , Xia Ai , Tyler Brett M , Dou Daolong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) participate in a diverse set of biological processes in plants, but their functions and underlying mechanisms in plant–pathogen interactions are largely unknown. We previously showed that Arabidopsis thaliana BPA1-LIKE PROTEIN3 (BPL3) belongs to a conserved plant RBP family and negatively regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death under biotic stress. In this study, we demonstrate that BPL3 suppresses FORKED-LIKE7 (FL7) transcript accumulation and raises levels of the cis-natural antisense long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of FL7 (nalncFL7). FL7 positively regulated plant immunity to Phytophthora capsici while nalncFL7 negatively regulated resistance. We also showed that BPL3 directly binds to and stabilizes nalncFL7. Moreover, nalncFL7 suppressed accumulation of FL7 transcripts. Furthermore, FL7 interacted with HIGHLY ABA-INDUCED PP2C1 (HAI1), a type 2C protein phosphatase, and inhibited HAI1 phosphatase activity. By suppressing HAI1 activity, FL7 increased the phosphorylation levels of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 (MPK3) and MPK6, thus enhancing immunity responses. BPL3 and FL7 are conserved in all plant species tested, but the BPL3–nalncFL7–FL7 cascade was specific to the Brassicaceae. Thus, we identified a conserved BPL3–nalncFL7–FL7 cascade that coordinates plant immunity.
Seiberg–Witten theory and monstrous moonshine
Authors: Mizoguchi Shun’ya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the relation between the instanton expansion of the Seiberg–Witten (SW) prepotential for D = 4, ${\cal N}=2$SU(2) SUSY gauge theory for Nf = 0 and 1 and the monstrous moonshine. By utilizing a newly developed simple method to obtain the SW prepotential, it is shown that the coefficients of the expansion of q = e2πiτ in terms of $A^2=\frac{\Lambda ^2}{16 a^2}$ (Nf = 0) or $\frac{\Lambda ^2}{32a^2}$ (Nf = 1) are all integer-coefficient polynomials of the moonshine coefficients of the modular j-function. A relationship between the Alday–Gaiotto–Tachikawa (AGT) c = 25 Liouville conformal field theory (CFT) and the c = 24 vertex operator algebra CFT of the moonshine module is also suggested.
Estimating food demand and the impact of market shocks on food expenditures: The case for the Philippines and missing price data
Authors: Valera Harold Glenn , Mayorga Joaquin , Pede Valerien O , Mishra Ashok K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study uses the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate food demand among Filipino households. Our study uses the recently released 2018 Family Income and Expenditure Survey and the Stone-Lewbel price index in the absence of price data on food groups. Results show that demand for rice with respect to prices and expenditures is relatively inelastic compared with that for other food groups. The income elasticity for rice is inelastic (0.26), slightly higher than the income elasticity for sugar. Demand for rice is generally less elastic for higher-income Filipinos and families residing in urban areas than for their counterparts. The findings reveal that, in the short term, a 15 per cent decrease in income or a 20 per cent increase in rice prices induces families to spend more of their income on rice at the expense of other cereals, meat, fish, and other food groups. Income and rice price shocks have differential impacts on low-income and high-income Filipino families. Policymakers may be able to moderate the food price impacts of market shocks through targeted interventions and programs that improve the accessibility to and availability of quality agri-fishery products.
Altered Patterns of Brain Glucose Metabolism Involve More Extensive and Discrete Cortical Areas in Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia Patients Compared to Responder Patients and Controls: Results From a Head-to-Head 2-[18F]-FDG-PET Study
Authors: Iasevoli Felice , D’Ambrosio Luigi , Ciccarelli Mariateresa , Barone Annarita , Gaudieri Valeria , Cocozza Sirio , Pontillo Giuseppe , Brunetti Arturo , Cuocolo Alberto , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Pappatà Sabina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisTreatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects almost 30% of patients with schizophrenia and has been considered a different phenotype of the disease. In vivo characterization of brain metabolic patterns associated with treatment response could contribute to elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of TRS. Here, we used 2-[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to provide the first head-to-head comparative analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in TRS patients compared to schizophrenia responder patients (nTRS), and controls. Additionally, we investigated, for the first time, the differences between clozapine responders (Clz-R) and non-responders (Clz-nR).Study Design53 participants underwent FDG-PET studies (41 patients and 12 controls). Response to conventional antipsychotics and to clozapine was evaluated using a standardized prospective procedure based on PANSS score changes. Maps of relative brain glucose metabolism were processed for voxel-based analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping software.Study ResultsRestricted areas of significant bilateral relative hypometabolism in the superior frontal gyrus characterized TRS compared to nTRS. Moreover, reduced parietal and frontal metabolism was associated with high PANSS disorganization factor scores in TRS (P &lt; .001 voxel level uncorrected, P &lt; .05 cluster level FWE-corrected). Only TRS compared to controls showed significant bilateral prefrontal relative hypometabolism, more extensive in CLZ-nR than in CLZ-R (P &lt; .05 voxel level FWE-corrected). Relative significant hypermetabolism was observed in the temporo-occipital regions in TRS compared to nTRS and controls.ConclusionsThese data indicate that, in TRS patients, altered metabolism involved discrete brain regions not found affected in nTRS, possibly indicating a more severe disrupted functional brain network associated with disorganization symptoms.
Ultra-short objective alertness assessment: an adaptive duration version of the 3 minute PVT (PVT-BA) accurately tracks changes in psychomotor vigilance induced by sleep restriction
Authors: Basner Mathias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a widely used and sensitive assay of the cognitive deficits associated with sleep loss and circadian misalignment. As even shorter versions of the PVT are often considered too long, I developed and validated an adaptive duration version of the 3 min PVT (PVT-BA).MethodsThe PVT-BA algorithm was trained on data from 31 subjects participating in a total sleep deprivation protocol and validated in 43 subjects undergoing 5 days of partial sleep restriction under controlled laboratory conditions. With each subject response, the algorithm updated the odds of the test being high, medium or low performance based on lapses plus false starts on the full 3 min PVT-B.ResultsWith a decision threshold of 99.619%, PVT-BA classified 95.1% of training data tests correctly without incorrect classifications across two performance categories (i.e. high as low or low as high) and resulted in an average test duration of 1 min 43 s with a minimum duration of 16.4 s. Agreement corrected for chance between PVT-B and PVT-BA was “almost perfect” for both the training (kappa = 0.92) and validation data (kappa = 0.85). Across the three performance categories and data sets, sensitivity averaged 92.2% (range 74.9–100%) and specificity averaged 96.0% (range 88.3–99.2%).ConclusionsPVT-BA is an accurate adaptive version of PVT-B and, to my knowledge, the shortest version to date that maintains key properties of the standard 10 min duration PVT. PVT-BA will facilitate the use of the PVT in settings in which it was previously considered impractical.
Depression Mediates the Relationships between Hallucinations, Delusions, and Social Isolation in First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Bornheimer Lindsay A , Li Verdugo Juliann , Thompson Sara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Social isolation is common among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Research indicates that social isolation relates to poorer mental health outcomes, depression, and negative symptoms, with less known about its relationship with positive symptoms. This study examined depression as a mediator in the relationships between positive symptoms (i.e., hallucinations and delusions) and social isolation among an early treatment phase sample in the United States. Data were obtained from the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode project of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Early Treatment Program. Participants (N = 404) included adults between ages 15 and 40 in a first episode of psychosis. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in Mplus (Version 8). The study showed that delusions (b = .095, SE = 0.04, p &lt; .05) and hallucinations (b = .076, SE = 0.03, p &lt; .01) were directly related to depression, and that both delusions (b = .129, SE = 0.06, p &lt; .05) and depression (b = .254, SE = 0.09, p &lt; .05) were directly related to social isolation. Findings of this study determined that depression functioned as a mediator in the relationships between positive symptoms and social isolation. Targeting psychosis symptomatology and depression in treatment, improving social skills and social support networks, and considering the role of stigma in social isolation are of great importance in the prevention of poorer mental health outcomes.
A safe breeding ground: genetically improved maritime pine for growth and stem form has more efficient but not more vulnerable xylem
Authors: Song Yanjun , Bouteiller Xavier Paul , Larter Maximilian , Plomion Christophe , Sin Fabrice , Delzon Sylvain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThrough repeated cycles of selection and recombination, tree breeding programs deliver genetically improved varieties for a range of target characteristics such as biomass production, stem form, resistance to biotic stresses, wood properties, etc. However, in the context of increased drought and heat waves, it is not yet known whether growth performance will impede drought resistance. To address this question, we compared the hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic safety, in four varieties over successive varieties of genetically improved maritime pines (i.e., Pinus pinaster Aït.) for growth and stem form. We measured 22 functional traits related to hydraulic efficiency, hydraulic safety, xylem anatomy and wood density. We found that improved varieties presented higher hydraulic conductivity with larger tracheid lumen size and tracheid lumen fraction, and smaller wall thickness reinforcement and tracheid density, but not at the cost of reduced embolism resistance. The reported absence of trade-off between hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance is a strong asset to improve biomass productivity, through increased hydraulic efficiency, without impacting drought resistance, and should enable new maritime pine varieties to cope with a drier climate. Our study is one of the first to reveal the hydraulic mechanisms over successive varieties of genetic improvement for tree growth. It provides guidelines for sustainable forest management through breeding for other forest tree species.