bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound Speed and Poisson’s Ratio Calibration of (Split) Hopkinson Bar via Iterative Dispersion Correction of Elastic Wave
Authors: Shin Hyunho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA process of calibrating a one-dimensional sound speed (co) and Poisson’s ratio (ν) of a (split) Hopkinson bar is presented. This process consists of Fourier synthesis and iterative dispersion correction (time-domain phase shift) of the elastic pulse generated by the striker impact on a circular bar. At each iteration, a set of co and ν is assumed, and the sound speed versus frequency (cdc versus fdc) relationship under the assumed set is obtained using the Pochhammer–Chree equation solver developed herein for ground state excitation. Subsequently, each constituting wave of the overall elastic pulse is phase shifted (dispersion corrected) using the cdc–fdc relationship. The co and ν values of the bar are determined in the iteration process when the dispersion-corrected overall pulse profiles are reasonably consistent with the measured profiles at two travel distances in the bar. The observed consistency of the predicted (dispersion-corrected) wave profiles with the measured profiles is a mutually self-consistent verification of (i) the calibrated values of co and ν, and (ii) the combined theories of Fourier and Pochhammer–Chree. The contributions of the calibrated values of co and ν to contemporary bar technology are discussed, together with the physical significance of the tail part of a traveling wave according to the combined theories. A preprocessing template (in Excel®) and calibration platform (in matlab®) for the presented calibration process are openly available online in a public repository.
Design and Analysis of a Three-Fingered Deployable Metamorphic Robotic Grasper
Authors: Gao Changqing , Huang Hailin , Li Yao , Li Bing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the design and analysis of a three-fingered deployable metamorphic robotic grasper for manipulating large-scale unknown objects. This grasper is composed of three fingers and a single-mobility umbrella-shaped palmar mechanism. First, the mechanism-design of the grasper is introduced and the metamorphic-motion process is analyzed, followed by the structural optimization, the finger with three modules can be deployed from 111.5 mm to 304 mm, and the good deploy/fold ratio can reach 2.73. This equips the grasper with a compact folded configuration and a large deployed configuration. Second, kinematic models of the deployment motion and grasping motion are independently established, and kinematic analysis is conducted. To further illustrate kinematic performance, kinematic simulation for the grasper is then performed. Third, the condition of the stable grasp is analyzed; trajectory planning of the grasper based on an S-shaped acceleration and deceleration function algorithm is then carried out. Fourth, a control system is designed and a physical prototype is fabricated. Grasping experiments are then conducted to prove the ability of the grasper to grasp objects of various sizes and shapes.
A Novel Design of Torsion Spring-Connected Nonlinear Stiffness Actuator Based on Cam Mechanism
Authors: Qu Xiangxu , Cao Dongxing , Qu Ruheng , Zhang Guyu , Zhang Shan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear stiffness actuator (NSA) is a type of compliant joint with variable stiffness that is necessary for human–machine collaboration and has been the focus of extensive research attention. This academic work presents the principle of a torsion spring-connected nonlinear stiffness actuator (TSNSA), a NSA suitable for implementing revolute motions, which contrasts with existing NSAs that often have bulky mechanisms and are affected by a limited range of movement. It has a split sleeve, disc springs, and cam mechanisms (CMs) that when correctly configured, can passively and actively adjust stiffness, where the speed of stiffness regulation can be effectively improved. The mathematical model of a split sleeve inserted into a torsion spring is designed to analyze the behavior of mechanical components. Furthermore, a detailed CM profile has been designed to obtain the desired nonlinear stiffness. Its theoretical analysis includes numerical simulations with results consistent with the desired deflection–torque profile.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on Heat Transfer Augmentation in Tube With Various V-Cut Twisted Tape
Authors: Chu Wen-Xiao , Tsai Ching-An , Lee Bing-Hung , Cheng Kai-Yueh , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A comparative study on the enhancement mechanism by various twisted tapes (TTs) in association with the local flow pattern is investigated in detail via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effect of gap between TT and tube is further examined based on prior experimental validation. Result shows that the Nusselt number and friction factor will be increased by 12.6% and 18.1%, respectively, and the comprehensive thermal performance (CTP) will be improved from 1.05–1.07 to 1.12–1.15 when the gap is reduced from 1.0 mm to zero. The obtuse V-cut design in the experimental study shows superior performance, and the related enhancement mechanisms by windward, isosceles, and leeward V-cut configurations are numerically investigated. By comparing the local streamline at V-cut regions and the velocity distribution on the cross section, the windward V-cut might notably introduce fluid into the cut region and toward the tube wall subsequently, thereby resulting in effective heat transfer augmentation near the tube wall. Compared to the isosceles V-cut TT, the CTP of windward V-cut TT can be augmented from 1.15–1.18 to 1.16–1.21. However, the leeward V-cut TT will impair the CTP due to its inconsistent turbulence direction to the main helical flow. On the other hand, it is also indicated that fabricating three windward V-cuts at each helical pitch shows the highest improvement on CTP. Further increment of V-cut number may reversely reduce the CTP because of the rapid increase of flow resistance. Moreover, fabricating windward V-cuts on bilateral edges of the TT shows limited improvement.
Value of Information in Multi-Attribute Decisions With Applications in Ground Vehicle Autonomy
Authors: Kassoumeh Sam , Pandey Vijitashwa , Gorsich David , Jayakumar Paramsothy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work presents some results in the value of information calculations for multi-attribute decision-making under uncertainty. Almost all engineering activities are undertaken in the face of uncertainty and a decision that maximizes a suitably chosen metric is generally selected. It becomes essential to collect information regarding these uncertainties so that better informed decisions can be made. Calculation of the worth of this information (VoI) is a difficult task, particularly when multiple attributes are present and there exists dependence between the random attributes in the same alternative or across different alternatives. In this paper, closed-form expressions and numerical models for the calculation of VoI are presented. Particularly, we derive methods for the general scenario where we have to decide over two or more alternatives, each involving two or more continuous random attributes exhibiting some level of dependence with the others. These reduce or completely eliminate the need for conducting simulations or approximations, both of which tend to be either computationally expensive (such as Monte Carlo), limited in accuracy or both. It also allows us to conduct more involved analyses such as sensitivity analysis on design parameters and the engineer’s preferences in a feasible and even potentially automated way. We also introduce “attribute-wise VoI,” which shows that collecting information on one or more of the attribute(s) makes sense only in specific dependence scenarios and tradeoff relationships between attributes. Calculation methods for value of such information are also provided. We illustrate our models on mobile autonomous system selection decisions. We conclude with a discussion on the avenues for future research into the optimal mix of a system’s intelligence (autonomy), communication, and information gathering.
An Improved One-Dimensional Flow Model for Side Chambers of Centrifugal Pumps Considering the Blade Slip Factor
Authors: Gu Yandong , Li Jiaxu , Wang Peng , Cheng Li , Qiu Yong , Wang Chuan , Si Qiaorui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The blade slip factor significantly influences the prediction accuracy of the self-closure one-dimensional flow model for side chambers of centrifugal pumps. Wiesner's and Stodola's slip factors, which are used to formulate the blade outlet pressure and served as the boundary condition for the model, are examined, which is an improvement of the previous study (Gu et al., 2020, “A Pressure Model for Open Rotor–Stator Cavities: An Application to an Adjustable-Speed Centrifugal Pump With Experimental Validation,” ASME J. Fluids Eng., 142(10), p. 101301). Both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experiments for the centrifugal pump are conducted to support the improvement. A good agreement exists between the performance at the best efficiency points (BEPs) of different rotating speeds obtained by simulations and experiments. Through the CFD analysis, the flow in the impeller remarkably deviates from the blade-congruent flow, especially in the quasi-triangular regions downstream of the throats. Meanwhile, the reason for pressure over-predictions of the side chamber one-dimensional flow model that embeds Wiesner's slip factor (FMW) is that Wiesner's expression underestimates the impeller flow deflection and overestimates pressure boundary. By contrast, the side chamber one-dimensional flow model with Stodola's slip factor (FMS) is closer to CFD in terms of relative flow angle and chamber inlet pressure. Compared with the side chamber pressure measurements, the accuracy of FMS is upgraded approximately by 3.5% than FMW. At the BEPs of different rotating speeds, FMS generates lower shroud thrust coefficients but slightly greater volumetric efficiencies than FMW. This work provides a simple approach to better calculate flow characteristics in the side chambers.
Geology of Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens, southern Nevada, USA
Authors: Rowland Stephen M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This field guide synthesizes more than a half century of research by many geologists and paleontologists on Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens, southern Nevada, USA. The field-trip consists of seven stops to be visited in one day. The guide was written not only for field-trip participants on the occasion of the 2022 ­Cordilleran/Rocky Mountain Geological Society of America Joint Section Meeting in Las Vegas, but also with future users in mind.
The Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block of crust exposes an extraordinary sample of Earth history. The geologic features include (1) Proterozoic crystalline rocks, (2) the Great Unconformity, (2) a Paleozoic interval that is essentially a ­tilted section of the western Grand Canyon, (3) a Mesozoic interval that preserves strata that were eroded off the southern Colorado Plateau during the Miocene “Great Denudation” episode, and (4) a Cenozoic section that records a wealth of paleo­climatic, paleontological, and tectonic data.
Among the many stories that are recorded in the rocks of the Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block, I have chosen three to emphasize in this field guide: (1) the history recorded in the Proterozoic Vishnu Basement Complex and the Great Unconformity; (2) the stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleontology, and geochronology of the Cambrian Tonto Group [with a focus on (a) trilobite biostratigraphy in the Bright Angel Formation, (b) the significance of the abundance of glauconite in the Tonto Group, and (c) the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone]; and (3) the tectonic story recorded in the Thumb Member of the Horse Spring Formation. The basement rocks record events and processes associated with the assembly of supercontinents Nuna and Rodinia. The Great Unconformity records the breakup of Rodinia and the associated denudation interval that played a role in triggering the Cambrian explosion. The Tonto Group, which was recently expanded to include the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone, records the Sauk Transgression. And the Thumb Member of the Horse Spring Formation contains rock avalanche deposits that have played a key role in sorting out the tectonic history of the southern Nevada region and the translational history of the Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block.
Impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder on families
Authors: Phillips Natalie Lynette , Zimmet Marcel David , Phu Amy , Rattan Meenakshi , Zurynski Yvonne , Elliott Elizabeth J 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) on child and family functioning.DesignProspective survey.SettingMultidisciplinary FASD assessment service.PatientsCaregivers of 35 children with FASD.Main outcome measuresChild-health-related functioning (Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children Measure of Function (MOF)), family impact (Impact on Family (IOF) Scale), impact on siblings and caregiver stress.ResultsMost caregivers were foster carers (74%). Children with FASD (median age 8.7 years; 54% male) were a median of 7.0 years at diagnosis. Regarding child-health-related functioning, 43% reported moderate, severe or major problems in at least one area on the MOF. IOF was moderate (60%) or high (34%). Poorer child-health-related functioning was associated with greater impact on family. Unaffected siblings received less parental attention and displayed anger or frustration about the affected child’s needs. Caregivers reported frequent and high levels of stress.ConclusionsFASD impacts children’s health, and function of the family and unaffected siblings. These novel findings highlight the need for family-oriented service development.
Intraretinal pigmented cells in retinal degenerative disease
Authors: Yasvoina Marina , Yang Qian , Woods Sasha M , Heeren Tjebo , Comer Grant M. , A. Egan Catherine , Fruttiger Marcus 
Published: March 2022

PurposeInvasion of pigmented cells into the retina occurs in retinal degenerative diseases, such as macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These intraretinal pigmented cells may be derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), but differences and similarities between intraretinal pigmented cells and RPE have so far not been well characterised.Clinicopathologic case report.MethodHere, we compared intraretinal pigment cells with RPE cells by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistological stains for classic RPE markers (RPE65, CRALBP and KRT18) and blood vessel markers (lectin and collagen 4) were done on sections from postmortem eye tissue from two MacTel donors, an RP donor and a control donor.Main outcome measuresPresence of specific immunohistochemistry markers on intraretinal pigmented and RPE cells.ResultsWe found that intraretinal pigmented cells did not express RPE65 and CRALBP, with a small subset expressing them weakly. However, they all expressed KRT18, which was also present in normal RPE cells. Interestingly, we also found clusters of KRT18-positive cells in the retina that were not pigmented.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that RPE cells invading the retina dedifferentiate (losing classic RPE markers) and can be pigmented or unpigmented. Therefore, the number of RPE cells invading the retina in retinal degenerative disease may be underappreciated by funduscopy.
Impact of prior biliary stenting on diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound for mesenteric vascular staging in patients with head of pancreas and periampullary malignancy
Authors: Oppong Kofi W , Nayar Manu K , Bekkali Noor L H , Maheshwari Pardeep , Haugk Beate , Darne Antony , Manas Derek M , French Jeremy J , White Steven , Sen Gourab , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Charnley Richard M , Leeds John S 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for stratification of head of pancreas and periampullary tumours into resectable, borderline resectable and locally advanced tumours is unclear as is the effect of endobiliary stents. The primary aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of EUS for resectability according to stent status.DesignA retrospective study was performed. All patients presenting with a solid head of pancreas mass who underwent EUS and surgery with curative intent during an 8-year period were included. Factors with possible impact on diagnostic performance of EUS were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsNinety patients met inclusion criteria and formed the study group. A total of 49 (54%) patients had an indwelling biliary stent at the time of EUS, of which 36 were plastic and 13 were self-expanding metal stents (SEMS). Twenty patients underwent venous resection and reconstruction (VRR). Staging was successfully performed in 100% unstented cases, 97% plastic stent and 54% SEMS, p<0.0001. In successfully staged patients, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for classification of resectability were 70%, 70%, 70%, 42% and 88%. For vascular involvement (VI), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were 80%, 68%, 69%, 26% and 96%. Increasing tumour size OR 0.53 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.95) was associated with a decrease in accuracy of VI classification.ConclusionsEUS has modest diagnostic performance for stratification of staging. Staging was less likely to be completed when a SEMS was in situ. Staging EUS should ideally be performed before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and biliary drainage.
Association between growth of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and increased coughing rate in cold temperatures: surveillance in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Inaida Shinako , Paul Richard 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAlthough the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in winter is thought to increase through viral droplets when coughing, current epidemiological data in this regard are limited.SettingUsing the national epidemiological surveillance data in the autumn and winter seasons in Hokkaido, Japan, between February 2020 and February 2021, we analysed the relationship between case increase ratio and prevalence rate of coughing in patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in two age groups (0—40s and 50—100s) with concomitant air temperature and humidity.ParticipantsThe 7893 cases of symptomatic PCR-positive patients consisted of 5361 cases in the young age group and 2532 cases in the older age group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPearson’s correlation analysis and regression models were used to assess the relationships. Sex-adjusted OR of having cough in the young and old age groups in the autumn and winter seasons was calculated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe monthly prevalence rate of coughing in the young age group was negatively correlated with temperature (r=−0.77, p<0.05), and in the old age group it was negatively correlated with humidity (r=−0.71, p<0.05). Quadratic regression models were fitted for the relationship between cold temperatures and rate of coughing rate in the young age group and case increase ratios. The sex-adjusted OR of having a cough in the young age group in winter was 1.18 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.31) as compared with autumn.ConclusionsThe results suggest increased rate of coughing contributes to the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 in the winter. An effective control with a focus on these trends should be considered.
Effectiveness and safety of weekly therapy versus 3-weekly therapy of paclitaxel plus carboplatin in women with ovarian cancer: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Weitao , Fu Yu , Dang Yun , Cai Bingxin , Tuo Shumei , Mao Baohong , Lin Ru , Liu Qing , Li Yilin 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionNetwork meta-analyses have confirmed that paclitaxel plus carboplatin could improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with platinum alone. However, detailed implementation schedule (weekly or 3-weekly therapy) was not specified in clinical practice guidelines. Evidence from studies is also inconsistent. We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefits and harms of weekly therapy and 3-weekly therapy of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin in women with ovarian cancer.MethodsWe will search PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases to include relevant randomised controlled trials comparing weekly therapy versus 3-weekly therapy of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin for women with ovarian cancer. Random-effects model will be used to pool data for patient-reported outcomes including survival rate, OS, PFS and adverse events. Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to rate the quality of evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and meta-analysis will be based on published data and does not therefore require specific ethical approval or consent for participation. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.OSF registration number10.17605/OSF.IO/GJUMA.
Deficits in attention, motor control and perception from childhood to age 30 years: prospective case–control study of outcome predictors
Authors: Landgren Valdemar , Fernell Elisabeth , Gillberg Christopher , Landgren Magnus , Johnson Mats 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveInvestigate predictors of adverse outcome in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) at 6 years of age.DesignProspective population-based cohort study.SettingWestern Sweden.ParticipantsFrom a screening-based population cohort of 589 individuals, 62 (11 female) diagnosed with ADHD+DCD at mean age 6.6 years, and a comparison group of 51 population-matched (10 female) children were followed prospectively.Outcome measuresDrawn from a clinical reassessment at age 9 years of 110 of the 113 individuals, neuropsychiatric symptoms, continuous performance test results and measures of motor function were used as predictors of outcome in linear regression models. Participants were followed in national registers up to 30–31 years of age for outcomes in adulthood. Predictors were regressed onto an adverse outcome score (range 0–7) comprising seven binary endpoints, and when applicable onto each continuous outcome separately (low educational attainment, low occupation level, psychiatric disorder, psychotropic medication prescription, sick pension, high dependence on social benefits and criminal conviction).ResultsOf the 110 individuals, 3 had died. In univariable regression onto the adverse outcome score, the strongest predictors at age 9 years were symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD and motor dysfunction, with an R2around 25%, followed by autistic traits (R2=15%) and depressive symptoms (R2=8%). Combining these six strongest predictors in a multivariable model yielded an adjusted R2=38%. Subgroup analyses were similar, except for a strong association of autistic traits with the adverse outcome score in females (n=20, R2=50%).ConclusionSeveral neurodevelopmental symptoms, including ADHD severity at age 9 years, accounted for a considerable amount of the variance in terms of adulthood adverse outcome. Broad neurodevelopmental profiling irrespective of diagnostic thresholds should inform research and clinical practice. The study highlights the importance of considering associated comorbidities and problems in ADHD.