bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Afterlives of Meir Kahane: A Response
Authors: Magid Shaul 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn this response to the essays in the symposium on my bookMeir Kahane: The Public Life and Political Thought of an American Jewish RadicalI tried to clarify and expand some of the thoughtful and astute themes in the remarks of my interlocutors, especially about how the book was not intended to be about one figure but rather an intervention into postwar American and Israeli Judaism through the lens of a maligned figure who is ignored by most American Jews and demonized by most Israeli Jews. Meir Kahane remains present because he never went away. And he never went away because he offered solutions that, while unpopular and egregious, continue to resonate when Jews begin to feel unstable about their place in America or Israel. He is the dark underside of the modern Jewish project that will not go away.
Spawning migration of Labeobarbus species of Lake Tana across the Gilgel Abay River Weir, Ethiopia: The challenges to fish spawning migration and proposed management solutions
Authors: Mequanent Dagnew , Mingist Minwyelet , Getahun Abebe , Anteneh Wassie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLake Tana is one of the largest freshwater bodies in East Africa, with its 18 Labeobarbus species being the world's last remaining Cyprinid species flock. Many of them feed and grow in Lake Tana and migrate to the tributaries of the lake to reproduce. The construction of irrigation structures is increasing in the tributary rivers, however, without due attention being given to the spawning migration routes and critical spawning habitats. The present study examined the impacts of the Gilgel Abay Weir on the spawning migration of these species and discusses possible interactions with other human‐related impacts and potential mitigation measures. Fish samples were taken twice monthly from July to November 2019, both below and above the weir with gillnets. No spawning migration to the upstream of the weir has occurred since its construction, with the weir being a barrier to their spawning migration route of Lake Tana fisheries. Of the 11 species caught, only Labeobarbus intermedius (a habitat generalist) was observed above the weir, with the species diversity being significantly higher below the weir (p < 0.05) than above it. The total number of species observed during the present study was also lower, compared with previous reports. The fisheries impacts may also have been exacerbated by other contributing factors such as habitat destruction, river system degradation, destructive fishing practices and weed infestation, a situation which may lead to the collapse of Lake Tana fisheries and ultimately the lake's ecology. Reversing this situation is crucial, noting the implementation of such measures as habitat restoration and improvement, replacing the weir with environmentally friendly technologies, prohibition of illegal fishing, and construction of fish ladders could definitely alleviate the observed negative impacts of the Gilgel Abay Weir on the fisheries.
Hierarchical Bayesian modeling for knowledge transfer across engineering fleets via multitask learning
Authors: Bull L. A. , Di Francesco D. , Dhada M. , Steinert O. , Lindgren T. , Parlikad A. K. , Duncan A. B. , Girolami M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA population‐level analysis is proposed to address data sparsity when building predictive models for engineering infrastructure. Utilizing an interpretable hierarchical Bayesian approach and operational fleet data, domain expertise is naturally encoded (and appropriately shared) between different subgroups, representing (1) use‐type, (2) component, or (3) operating condition. Specifically, domain expertise is exploited to constrain the model via assumptions (and prior distributions) allowing the methodology to automatically share information between similar assets, improving the survival analysis of a truck fleet (15% and 13% increases in predictive log‐likelihood of hazard) and power prediction in a wind farm (up to 82% reduction in the standard deviation of maximum output prediction). In each asset management example, a set of correlated functions is learnt over the fleet, in a combined inference, to learn a population model. Parameter estimation is improved when subfleets are allowed to share correlated information at different levels in the hierarchy; the (averaged) reduction in standard deviation for interpretable parameters in the survival analysis is 70%, alongside 32% in wind farm power models. In turn, groups with incomplete data automatically borrow statistical strength from those that are data‐rich. The statistical correlations enable knowledge transfer via Bayesian transfer learning, and the correlations can be inspected to inform which assets share information for which effect (i.e., parameter). Successes in both case studies demonstrate the wide applicability in practical infrastructure monitoring, since the approach is naturally adapted between interpretable fleet models of different in situ examples.
Cetacean acoustic occurrence on theUSAtlantic Outer Continental Shelf from 2017 to 2020
Authors: Kowarski Katie A. , Martin S. Bruce , Maxner Emily E. , Lawrence Carmen B. , Delarue Julien J.‐Y. , Miksis‐Olds Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLong‐term distribution data for cetaceans are lacking, inhibiting the ability of management bodies to assess trends and react appropriately. Such is true even along the US Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) where previous passive acoustic monitoring programs have laid the groundwork for monitoring cetacean occurrence over a multidecadal scale. Here, we continue and expand the scope of previous acoustic programs, providing a synopsis of the monthly cetacean acoustic occurrence from late 2017 to late 2020. Acoustic data were collected using bottom‐mounted autonomous recorders located at seven stations along the OCS in depths of 212–900 m. Automated cetacean vocalization detector‐classifiers were applied, and the resulting automated detections directed the manual review of a subset of the data by analysts. Only manual detections informed the occurrence results. Six baleen whale species and at least eight toothed whale species occurred in the region with diversity increasing in winter. In considering previous monitoring program results, we found evidence that some mysticete whales are spending less time in the region annually, confirmed that some species occur farther offshore than previously reported, and identified two previously unreported areas utilized by beaked whales. For effective species management, these findings must be considered, and monitoring programs continued.
Sulforaphane, a secondary metabolite in crucifers, inhibits the oxidative stress adaptation and virulence of Xanthomonas by directly targeting OxyR
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Kaihuai , Wu Guichun , Xu Zhizhou , Hou Rongxian , Guo Baodian , Zhao Yancun , Liu Fengquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant secondary metabolites perform numerous functions in the interactions between plants and pathogens. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying their contribution to the direct inhibition of pathogen growth and virulence in planta. Here, we show that the secondary metabolite sulforaphane (SFN) in crucifers inhibits the growth, virulence, and ability of Xanthomonas species to adapt to oxidative stress, which is essential for the successful infection of host plants by phytopathogens. The transcription of oxidative stress detoxification‐related genes (catalase [katA and katG] and alkylhydroperoxide‐NADPH oxidoreductase subunit C [ahpC]) was substantially inhibited by SFN in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), and this phenomenon was most obvious in sax gene mutants sensitive to SFN. By performing microscale thermophoresis (MST) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we observed that SFN directly bound to the virulence‐related redox‐sensing transcription factor OxyR and weakened the ability of OxyR to bind to the promoters of oxidative stress detoxification‐related genes. Collectively, these results illustrate that SFN directly targets OxyR to inhibit the bacterial adaptation to oxidative stress, thereby decreasing bacterial virulence. Interestingly, this phenomenon occurs in multiple Xanthomonas species. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SFN limits Xanthomonas adaptation to oxidative stress and virulence, and the findings will facilitate future studies on the use of SFN as a biopesticide to control Xanthomonas.
Philosophy of Street Art: Identity, Value, and the Law
Authors: Baldini Andrea Lorenzo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe are living in the era of street art. Since Nick Riggle’s pivotal work on the definition of street art, several philosophers have addressed issues in the philosophy of street art. The goal of this paper is to summarize the literature. I consider the following matters, which have been at the core of philosophical discussions on street art: demarcation, value, illegality, and the ethical foundation of intellectual property (IP) protection. In answering the question ‘What is street art?,’ philosophers have generally resisted skeptical approaches by developing a wide range of real and essentialist definitions of street art (Section 2). When considering street art’s value, I distinguish between aesthetic and non‐aesthetic centered accounts. If the former focus on the aesthetic side of our experience of street art, the latter generally place emphasis on its activist nature and political significance (Section 3). In discussing the relationship between street art and illegality, I canvas different takes on the issue. If for some scholars illegality is either a necessary or sufficient condition for street art, philosophers tend to agree that it is neither, while not denying its relevance at the level of identity and authenticity (Section 4). Finally, I consider matters of IP protection of street art. On the one hand, copyright optimists defend the view that current IP legislations may very well have a positive impact on the promotion and preservation of street art. Pessimists, on the other hand, argue that an extension of copyright privileges to works of street art is likely to jeopardize the counter‐cultural and rebellious nature of this urban art kind (Section 5).
Mind‐Body Commerce: Occasional Causation and Mental Representation in Anton Wilhelm Amo
Authors: West Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to a growing body of literature focusing on Anton Wilhelm Amo's account of the mind‐body relation. The first aim of this paper is to provide an overview of that literature, bringing together several interpretations of Amo's account of the mind‐body relation and providing a comprehensive overview of where the debate stands so far. Doing so reveals that commentary is split between those who take Amo to adopt a Leibnizian account of pre‐established harmony between mind and body and those who argue that Amo adopts a theory of occasional causation. Both views deny that the body is the efficient cause of the mind's ideas but while the Leibnizian account holds that ideas exist innately in the mind, the occasional causation account maintains that the body is their occasional cause. That is, on this reading of Amo, sensations in the body are the ‘occasion’ on which the mind efficiently causes its own ideas. The second aim of this paper – which promises to take this interpretative debate in a new direction – is to demonstrate that we should in fact attribute to Amo a specific version of occasional causation known as 'concurrentism'. Concurrentism is the view that, while the mind does efficiently cause its own ideas, it can only do so with the assistance (or ‘concurrence’) of God. In other words, on this view, God makes possible the efficient causal activity of the human mind in generating ideas, in response to ‘occasions’ in the body.
Wall‐associated kinase‐like geneRL1contributes to red leaves in sorghum
Authors: Lv Ya , Chen Jun , Zhu Mengjiao , Liu Yishan , Wu Xiaoyuan , Xiao Xin , Yuyama Nana , Liu Fengxia , Jing Haichun , Cai Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYRed leaves are common in trees but rare in cereal crops. Red leaves can be used as raw materials for anthocyanin extraction and may have some adaptive significance for plants. In this study, we discovered a red leaf phenotype in the F1hybrids derived from a cross between two sorghum accessions with green leaf. Histological analysis of red leaves and green leaves showed that red compounds accumulate in mesophyll cells and gradually spreads to the entire leaf blade. In addition, we found chloroplasts degraded more quickly in red leaves than in green leaves based on transmission electron microscopy. Metabolic analysis revealed that flavonoids including six anthocyanins are more abundant in red leaves. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes was upregulated in red leaves. These observations indicate that flavonoids and anthocyanins in particular, are ideal candidates for the red compounds accumulating in red leaves. Segregation analysis of the red leaf phenotype suggested a genetic architecture consisting of three dominant genes, one (RL1forRED LEAF1) of which we mapped to a 55‐kb region on chromosome 7 containing seven genes. Sequencing, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and transcriptome analysis suggested Sobic.007G214300, encoding a wall‐associated kinase, as the most likely candidate forRL1. Fine mapping the red leaf gene and identifying the metabolites that cause red leaf in sorghum provide us with a better understanding of the red leaf phenotype in the natural population of sorghum.
The first clinical pig heart transplant: Was IVIg or pig cytomegalovirus detrimental to the outcome?
Authors: Cooper David K. C. , Yamamoto Takayuki , Hara Hidetaka , Pierson Richard N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe clinical course of the first patient to receive a gene‐edited pig heart transplant was recently reported by the University of Maryland team. Although the pig heart functioned well for >40 days, serum anti‐pig antibodies then increased, and the patient sadly died after 60 days. Because of his debilitated pre‐transplant state, the patient never thrived despite excellent graft function for several weeks, and the cause of his demise continues to be uncertain. A few days before an increase in anti‐pig antibodies was observed, the patient had received intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIg), and whether this played a role in his cardiac deterioration has been discussed. Furthermore, mcfDNA testing indicated an increase in pig cytomegalovirus (CMV), and its possible role in the development of cardiac dysfunction has also been considered. On the basis of the limited data provided in the publication and on our previous investigations into whether IVIg contains anti‐TKO pig antibodies and therefore might be deleterious to TKO pig organ xenografts, we suggest that the steady rise in anti‐pig antibody titer was more consistent with the failure of the immunosuppressive regimen to prevent elicited anti‐TKO pig antibody production, rather than from the passive transfusion of IVIg or the presence of pig CMV in the graft. Although the outcome of the Maryland experience was disappointing, valuable lessons were learned. Our attention was drawn to the potential risks of heart transplantation in a “deconditioned” patient, the administration of IVIg, the transmission of pig CMV, and of the difficulties in interpreting myocardial biopsy findings.
A Novel Decomposition Approach Preventing Spurious Entropy Generation in Hybrid Thermoacoustic Stability Computations
Authors: Heilmann Gerrit , Liu Tong , Romero Vega Pedro , Sattelmayer Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Prominent approaches for the computation of thermoacoustic stability are hybrid methods like the linearized Navier–Stokes equations (LNSE) or the linearized Euler equations (LEE). The transient fluctuations around a precomputed steady-state mean flow field solved with these sets of equations naturally include the energy transition between acoustic, vertical, and entropic modes. It is common practice to account for flame-acoustic interactions by applying measured or computed flame transfer functions (FTF) as a volumetric source term proportional to the mean heat release rate in the energy equation. However, the underlying assumption of a static flame is the root cause of spurious entropy production, which may ultimately falsify the thermoacoustic stability predictions. In the present paper, a methodology to include arbitrary flame movement in the governing set of equations is presented. The procedure makes use of an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description of conservation equations and is demonstrated for the Euler equations. The resulting set of linear perturbation equations is then applied to two test cases. First, the frequency response of a one-dimensional premixed air-methane flame is evaluated. Secondly, the frequency response of the first longitudinal eigenmode of an experimental premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor is computed. To demonstrate the reduction of spurious entropy waves, the results are compared to those of the classic LEE.
Micro-Mixing Combustion for Highly Recuperated Gas Turbines: Effects of Inlet Temperature and Fuel Composition on Combustion Stability and NOx Emissions
Authors: Landry-Blais Alexandre , Sivić Sani , Picard Mathieu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The micromix combustion concept offers an elegant compromise between premixed and nonpremixed combustion. By mixing the fuel and air at the smallest scale possible, one can achieve NOx emissions comparable to premixed combustion while removing the risks of auto-ignition and flashback. Current literature reports multiple micromix designs that achieve low NOx emissions (&lt;10 ppm) with hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuels at combustor inlet temperatures (CIT) representative of low to medium pressure ratio gas turbines (&lt;650 K). This paper seeks to bridge the gap between current literature and the design requirements of highly recuperated ceramic gas turbines, which should allow low NOx operation with various fuels at combustor inlet temperatures upwards of 900 K. To this end, micromix injection nozzles were designed and tested at small scale to investigate the effects of fuel composition and inlet temperature on combustion stability and NOx emissions. The nozzles were additively manufactured in Inconel 625 having hundreds of holes as small as 0.25 mm. An axial swirler is used to induce recirculation of the products behind the nozzle, which helps stabilize combustion with hydrocarbon fuels due to their longer reaction times and slower flame speeds. Experimental results show that NOx emissions can be decreased down to premixed levels if the jet Damköhler number is kept under a critical value, which requires increasingly smaller holes or higher jet velocities as the inlet temperature increases. Combustion instabilities are observed at low inlet temperatures with hydrocarbons, which are also correlated to the jet Damköhler number.
Training of radiology specialists in local staging of primary rectal cancer on MRI: a prospective intervention study exploring the impact of various educational elements on the interpretive performance
Authors: Bregendahl Sidse , Bondeven Peter , Grønborg Therese Koops , Brown Gina , Laurberg Søren , Pedersen Bodil Ginnerup 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMRI interpretation and accurate radiological staging are crucial to the important treatment decisions and a consequent successful patient outcome in rectal cancer.AimsTo investigate the effect of intensive training on rectal cancer MRI staging performance of radiologists and the impact of different course elements on learning outcomes.MethodsIn this prospective intervention study, 17 radiology specialists and 1 radiology registrar participated in a training programme including a 6-hour imaging workshop, a 3-hour session of individual feedback and independent MRI readings of primary rectal cancer cases. Their rectal MRI interpretive performance was evaluated through repeated readings of 30 training cases before and after each course element and a time interval with no educational intervention. A proforma template for MRI staging of primary rectal cancer was used and the results were compared with a reference standard of an expert panel. Participants repeatedly reported on confidence scores and self-assessed learning outcome. Outcomes were analysed using mixed-effects models.ResultsAt baseline the quality of rectal MRI assessment varied significantly, with a higher interpretive performance among participants with shorter radiological experience (10.2 years vs 19.9 years, p=0.02). The ability to perform correct treatment allocation improved from 72% to 82% (adjusted OR=2.36, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.39). The improvement was largely driven by the participants with lower performance at baseline and by prevention of overstaging. Individual feedback had a significant impact on the improved interpretive performance (adjusted OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.63), whereas no significant change was seen after workshop or case readings only. Confidence scores increased significantly during training.ConclusionsTargeted and individualised training improves the rectal cancer MRI interpretive performance essential to successful patient treatment, especially among radiology specialists with lower performance at baseline.
Predictors of extubation success: a population-based study of neonates below a gestational age of 26 weeks
Authors: Ohnstad Mari Oma , Stensvold Hans Jørgen , Pripp Are Hugo , Tvedt Christine Raaen , Jelsness-Jørgensen Lars-Petter , Astrup Henriette , Eriksen Beate Horsberg , Klingenberg Claus , Mreihil Khalaf , Pedersen Tanja , Rettedal Siren , Selberg Terje Reidar , Solberg Rønnaug , Støen Ragnhild , Rønnestad Arild E 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate first extubation attempts among extremely premature (EP) infants and to explore factors that may increase the quality of clinical judgement of extubation readiness.Design and methodA population-based study was conducted to explore first extubation attempts for EP infants born before a gestational age (GA) of 26 weeks in Norway between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018. Eligible infants were identified via the Norwegian Neonatal Network database. The primary outcome was successful extubation, defined as no reintubation within 72 hours after extubation.ResultsAmong 482 eligible infants, 316 first extubation attempts were identified. Overall, 173 (55%) infants were successfully extubated, whereas the first attempt failed in 143 (45%) infants. A total of 261 (83%) infants were extubated from conventional ventilation (CV), and 55 (17%) infants were extubated from high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). In extubation from CV, pre-extubation fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤0.35, higher Apgar score, higher GA, female sex and higher postnatal age were important predictors of successful extubation. In extubation from HFOV, a pre-extubation FiO2 level ≤0.35 was a relevant predictor of successful extubation.ConclusionsThe correct timing of extubation in EP infants is important. In this national cohort, 55% of the first extubation attempts were successful. Our results suggest that additional emphasis on oxygen requirement, sex and general condition at birth may further increase extubation success when clinicians are about to extubate EP infants for the first time.