bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xylem conduit deformation across vascular plants: an evolutionary spandrel or protective valve?
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Hochberg Uri , Rockwell Fulton E. , Ponomarenko Alexandre , Chen Ya‐Jun , Manandhar Anju , Graham Adam C. , Holbrook N. Michele 
Published: October 2022

Summary

The hydraulic system of vascular plants and its integrity is essential for plant survival. To transport water under tension, the walls of xylem conduits must approximate rigid pipes. Against this expectation, conduit deformation has been reported in the leaves of a few species and hypothesized to function as a ‘circuit breaker’ against embolism. Experimental evidence is lacking, and its generality is unknown.

We demonstrated the role of conduit deformation in protecting the upstream xylem from embolism through experiments on three species and surveyed a diverse selection of vascular plants for conduit deformation in leaves.

Conduit deformation in minor veins occurred before embolism during slow dehydration. When leaves were exposed to transient increases in transpiration, conduit deformation was accompanied by large water potential differences from leaf to stem and minimal embolism in the upstream xylem. In the three species tested, collapsible vein endings provided clear protection of upstream xylem from embolism during transient increases in transpiration.

We found conduit deformation in diverse vascular plants, including 11 eudicots, ginkgo, a cycad, a fern, a bamboo, and a grass species, but not in two bamboo and a palm species, demonstrating that the potential for ‘circuit breaker’ functionality may be widespread across vascular plants.
Efficient gene replacement by CRISPR/Cas‐mediated homologous recombination in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Belshaw Nigel , Grouneva Irina , Aram Lior , Gal Assaf , Hopes Amanda , Mock Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Summary

CRISPR/Cas enables targeted genome editing in many different plant and algal species including the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. However, efficient gene targeting by homologous recombination (HR) to date is only reported for photosynthetic organisms in their haploid life‐cycle phase. Here, a CRISPR/Cas construct, assembled using Golden Gate cloning, enabled highly efficient HR in a diploid photosynthetic organism.

Homologous recombination was induced in T. pseudonana using sequence‐specific CRISPR/Cas, paired with a dsDNA donor matrix, generating substitution of the silacidin, nitrate reductase and urease genes by a resistance cassette (FCP:NAT).

Up to c. 85% of NAT‐resistant T. pseudonana colonies screened positive for HR by nested PCR. Precise integration of FCP:NAT at each locus was confirmed using an inverse PCR approach. The knockout of the nitrate reductase and urease genes impacted growth on nitrate and urea, respectively, while the knockout of the silacidin gene in T. pseudonana caused a significant increase in cell size, confirming the role of this gene for cell‐size regulation in centric diatoms.

Highly efficient gene targeting by HR makes T. pseudonana as genetically tractable as Nannochloropsis and Physcomitrella, hence rapidly advancing functional diatom biology, bionanotechnology and biotechnological applications targeted on harnessing the metabolic potential of diatoms.
A behavioral view on responsibility attribution in multi‐level governance: Upward and downward responsibility attribution in response to performance below aspirations
Authors: van der Voet Joris , Rimkutė Dovilė 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMulti‐level governance systems provide decision‐makers with many avenues for external responsibility attribution in response to lacking performance. This study provides a behavioral perspective that examines responsibility attribution to the national government (upward) and policy implementers (downward) as a function of performance relative to decision‐makers' aspiration levels. The study proposes that perceived accountability increases the propensity of external responsibility attribution, and that decision‐makers' political alignment to actors on other governance levels explains when responsibility is deflected upwards or downwards. Using a survey experiment that presents factual information on youth care overspending to 1086 elected local government officials, the study finds consistent evidence that performance below aspirations increases upward responsibility attribution. Accountability strengthens responsibility attribution for negative performance downward to policy implementers. Finally, responsibility is attributed upward less frequently by decision‐makers who are politically aligned with the national government, but information that signals performance below aspirations attenuates this tendency.
Postanesthesia complications in pediatric patients with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A cohort study
Authors: Geng‐Ramos Giuliana , Nelson Jonathan , Lee Angela C. , Deutsch Nina , Challa Chaitanya , Pestieau Sophie , Rana Md Sohel , Hubbard Mark , Cronin Jessica A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are at increased risk for postanesthesia complications. There is minimal data regarding how long that elevated complication risk persists beyond initial SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis.AimsWe investigated postanesthesia complications in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within 90 days of diagnosis.MethodsWe completed a single‐center, retrospective, case–control study of pediatric patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection within 90 days undergoing anesthesia between January 3–October 7, 2020. Each SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patient was matched 1:2 by age and type of procedure with a non–SARS‐CoV‐2 cohort. The primary outcome was the rate of all postanesthesia complications within 30 days of the procedure, defined as unplanned escalations of care within 48 h, cardiac, respiratory, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic events within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and hospital length of stay.ResultsOf the 341 patients included, 114 patients were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive and 227 were SARS‐CoV‐2 negative. Patients with a positive test 0–7 days prior to anesthesia had an increased risk difference in all postanesthesia complications within 30 days (19.9, 95% CI [4.7, 35.1], p = .001) and increased risk difference in length of hospital stay (7.8, 95% CI [1.2, 14.4], p < .001). Patients who underwent anesthesia greater than 42 days from SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis had an increased risk difference in cardiac complications within 30 days (4.3, 95% CI [0.9, 10.0], p = .029). There was no increased hospital length of stay among SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients diagnosed greater than 8 days before anesthetic. There were no deaths within 30 days of anesthetic.ConclusionsPostanesthesia complications are higher in children who undergo anesthesia within 7 days of SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Additional cardiac risk may persist beyond the immediate period of initial diagnosis. Larger samples are needed to further evaluate the risk of delayed postanesthesia complications and guide optimal timing of surgery.
Gender, political inclusion, and democracy in Africa: Some empirical evidence
Authors: Nchofoung Tii , Asongu Simplice , Tchamyou Vanessa , Edoh Ofeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the effect of political inclusion on democracy in Africa. The results of the analyses through ordinary least squares, system generalized method of moments, IV Tobit and instrumental variables two stage least squares show that gender political inclusion enhances democracy in Africa. This result is robust across alternative specifications of political inclusion and democracy. The results equally stood when controlled for colonization and internal conflicts. In terms of policy implications, policy makers in Africa should enhance their fight for political inclusion as one of the gateways to promoting democracy. In this respect, national laws could be put in place which impose gender quotas in political positions in every country. Equally, the African Union could sign a convention on these quotas for respective countries to ratify.Related ArticlesBingham, Natasha. 2016. “Fighting for Our Cause: The Impact of Women's NGOs on Gender Policy Adoption in Four Former Soviet Republics.” Politics & Policy 44(2): 294–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12155.Hankivsky, Olena. 2013. “Gender Mainstreaming: A Five‐Country Examination.” Politics & Policy 41(5): 629–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12037.Herrick, Rebekah. 2008. “Gender Gap in Early Congressional Retirement.” Politics & Policy 32(3): 294–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2004.tb00189.x.
Dimension-Free Mixing for High-Dimensional Bayesian Variable Selection
Authors: Zhou Quan , Yang Jun , Vats Dootika , Roberts Gareth O. , Rosenthal Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractYang et al. proved that the symmetric random walk Metropolis–Hastings algorithm for Bayesian variable selection is rapidly mixing under mild high-dimensional assumptions. We propose a novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler using an informed proposal scheme, which we prove achieves a much faster mixing time that is independent of the number of covariates, under the assumptions of Yang et al. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first high-dimensional result which rigorously shows that the mixing rate of informed MCMC methods can be fast enough to offset the computational cost of local posterior evaluation. Motivated by the theoretical analysis of our sampler, we further propose a new approach called ‘two-stage drift condition’ to studying convergence rates of Markov chains on general state spaces, which can be useful for obtaining tight complexity bounds in high-dimensional settings. The practical advantages of our algorithm are illustrated by both simulation studies and real data analysis.
Upregulation of FOXP3 may act on immunological misbalance in Turner syndrome
Authors: Laranjeira Raysa Samanta Moraes , Oliveira dos Santos Luana , Borborema Maria Eduarda de Albuquerque , Silva Rarysa Ferraz de Almeida e , Bispo Adriana Valéria Sales , de Rezende Duarte Andréa , Araújo Jacqueline , de Azevêdo Silva Jaqueline , Santos Neide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) presents a characteristic immune imbalance among patients. As the X chromosome‐linked FOXP3 gene is a powerful immune regulator, in this work we investigated a possible relationship between FOXP3 and TS. We evaluated 117 TS patients to investigate whether genetic associations within polymorphisms in FOXP3 (rs3761548, rs3761549) were associated with immune conditions. TaqMan Assays genotyping probes were employed in a real‐time PCR‐based method. Subsequently, we compared FOXP3 mRNA expression levels in TS patients and healthy females (control group), using fluorogenic probes through qPCR assay. We detected that the T allele from rs3761549 FOXP3 SNP was significantly associated with chronic inflammatory diseases in TS patients (P = 0.008, OR = 0.17, CI = 0.02‐0.71). Further, we observed an upregulation of FOXP3 mRNA levels in the TS group compared to the HC group (+9.21 FC; P = 2.541 × 10−7). In conclusion, our results demonstrated a differential distribution of the T rs3761549 allele in chronic inflammatory diseases among TS patients, as well as that FOXP3 upregulation may influence appropriate immune or inflammatory regulation in these patients.
Evaluation of changes for sebum, skin pore, texture, and redness before and after sleep in oily and nonoily skin
Authors: Jo Da Jung , Shin Joo Young , Na Seong Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople whose skin type is oily have experienced an esthetic and hygienic discomfort due to the excessive secretion of the sebum during the day and night time, and therefore sebum control is required. In this study, we aimed to find out whether the skin status between the oily and nonoily skin indicates a significant difference before and after sleep.Materials and methodsForty Korean males and females whose skin type was oily or nonoily participated in this study. To investigate the difference of the skin between oily and nonoily skin before and after sleep, we measured the sebum, skin pore, texture, and redness on their cheek at baseline and after 4‐h sleep. Moreover, the significant level was determined at p < 0.05.ResultsParameters of sebum and skin pore significantly increased after 4‐h sleep compared with baseline in the oily and nonoily skin (p < 0.05). Moreover, the increment of sebum and pore parameters in the oily skin was significantly higher than those in the nonoily skin (p < 0.05). In the case of skin texture and redness, parameters of them were significantly changed after 4‐h sleep compared with baseline only in the oily skin (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference among groups.ConclusionsWe found that the change rates of the sebum secretion and skin pore in oily skin were significantly higher than those in nonoily skin after 4‐h sleep. These results suggest the necessity of the skin care depending on the skin type before sleeping.
A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci‐infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Liu Shelan , Yang Yong , Pang Zhifeng , Liu Ying , Li Huan , Cai Jian , Wu Zhuoying , Luo Yan , Tang Yuhuan , Ying Lihong , Qin Shuwen , Miao Ziping , Zhao Na , Chen Yijuan , Pan Jinren , Li Shijian , Yu Zhao , Ling Feng , Chen Enfu , Chen Zhiping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real‐time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76‐year‐old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64‐year‐old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci‐infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4‐week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter‐human transmission seems unlikely.
Comparative Study on Galling and Antiwear Behavior of Polyurethane Based Coatings Reinforced With Pristine and Alkylated MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Kashyap Amod , Harsha A.P. , Rawat Sooraj Singh , Barshilia Harish C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present investigation is focused on tribological studies of polyurethane (PU) based coatings doped with nano-MoS2, and MoS2 functionalized with octadecanethiol (i.e., MoS2-ODT) on steel substrate. The PU-based nanocomposite coatings showed enhanced hardness, scratch and galling resistance at room temperature. Tribological tests were carried out under two contact conditions, i.e., sliding contact for galling resistance and reciprocating wear studies. The PU-based nanocomposite coatings showed enhanced galling resistance at room temperature. The reciprocating wear studies showed a significant reduction in friction and wear with the addition of MoS2 and MoS2-ODT nanosheets in the polymer matrix. The PU-MoS2 coating showed a 46% and 77% reduction in coefficient of friction and wear, respectively. However, the PU-MoS2-ODT nanocomposite coatings showed up to 75% and 95% reduction in coefficient of friction and wear, respectively. The PU based nanocomposite coating also showed enhanced galling resistance up to 17.5 MPa, in contrast to 5 MPa of SS 304. Different tools like high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared radioscopy (FTIR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), nanoindentation, stereo-zoom, and optical microscopies were used for the characterization and study of MoS2 nanosheets and PU based nanocomposite coatings.
Mechanical Behavior of Variable Nozzle Guide Vane Systems Based on Full-Scale Testing
Authors: Macoretta Giuseppe , Monelli Bernardo Disma , Neri Paolo , Bucciarelli Federico , Giusti Enrico , Checcacci Damaso , Maffulli Gianfranco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A full-scale test bench for the analysis of frictional and modal behavior of nozzle guide vanes (NGV) is an advanced tool enabling high design accuracy for these components equipped with an increasing number of turbo-expanders. This subassembly is a key feature enabling operational flexibility for the expander. During the NGVs design, great attention must be paid to the natural frequencies of its kinematic chain, which are influenced by internal clearances and by friction. In this paper, the results of a testing campaign performed on an NGV assembly employing realistic blade geometry are presented together with details concerning the test bench commissioning and setup procedure. The testing campaign involves three different combinations of blade orientation and preload corresponding to typical design conditions of the expander. In addition, two bushing clearance values corresponding to different worn-out conditions were investigated. The measurements of the global friction coefficient based on actuator force detection are summarized. After that, the reconstruction of mode shapes based on experimental modal analysis is explained. The results highlight the importance of loading conditions on the actual value of friction force and their influence on blade natural frequencies. The testing campaign was used to properly validate finite element models to be used for further investigations.
Noninvasive Imaging of a Liquid Jet
Authors: Beringer Courtney K. , Morgan Timothy B. , Kastengren Alan L. , Heindel Theodore J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Liquid jets are found in many applications, from printing to manufacturing to entertainment. This study uses three different noninvasive imaging modalities to compare resulting images of a liquid jet operating at three Reynolds numbers that cover laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow. Selected measurement quantities from each image type are also compared. High-speed backlit (BL) imaging is a simple imaging technique found in many laboratories, and this is compared to two high-speed X-ray imaging techniques, white beam (WB) imaging and focused beam (FB) radiography. BL imaging can provide a wide field of view and is easy to implement, but it only shows the presence or absence of liquid. WB imaging can show detailed contours on the surface of the liquid jet, but the imaging region is much smaller. FB radiography produces a point-source measurement and can provide the quantitative, instantaneous local liquid path length, termed the equivalent path length (EPL). All three techniques provide similar measures of jet thickness, with the FB measurements having less variation. FB measurements can also provide detailed cross sections of the average liquid jet thickness at high spatial resolutions.
Neuroendocrine Control of Hyperglutamatergic States in Brain Pathologies: the Effects of Glucocorticoids
Authors: Gulyaeva N. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neuroendocrine control mediated by glucocorticoids is important
for maintaining the normal functioning of the brain and the balance
between the excitation and inhibition systems. Glucocorticoids regulate
the state of the brain glutamatergic system both directly, through receptors
on glutamatergic synapses, and indirectly. The dysfunction of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and its inability to optimally
regulate glutamatergic synaptic plasticity leads to the development
of neuropsychiatric diseases, while hyperglutamatergic conditions
can play a key role in their pathogenesis. Impaired glucocorticoid
control of glutamatergic processes underlies cognitive and emotional
disorders, epilepsy and a number of other cerebral pathologies,
being a common mechanism for the development of many brain diseases
and their comorbidities. In this regard, the study of the mechanisms
of interaction between the HPA axis and brain glutamatergic system
is of priority translational significance.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor: the Role in the Development of Thyroid Pathology and Its Correction
Authors: Fokina E. F. , Shpakov A. O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the key elements responsible for the thyroid response
to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the TSH receptor (TSHR),
which belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Binding
of TSH or stimulatory autoantibodies to the TSHR extracellular domain
triggers multiple signaling pathways in target cells that are mediated
through various types of G proteins and β-arrestins. Inhibitory
autoantibodies, in contrast, suppress TSHR activity, inducing hypothyroid states.
Activating mutations lead to constitutively active TSHR forms and
can trigger cancer. Therefore, the TSHR is one of the key targets
for the regulation of thyroid function and thyroid status, as well
as correction of diseases caused by changes in TSHR activity (autoimmune
hyper- and hypothyroidism, Graves’ ophthalmopathy, thyroid cancer).
TSH preparations are extremely rarely used in medicine due to their
immunogenicity and severe side effects. Most promising is the development
of low-molecular allosteric TSHR regulators with an activity of
full and inverse agonists and neutral antagonists, which are able
to penetrate into the allosteric site located in the TSHR transmembrane
domain and specifically bind to it, thus controlling the ability
of the receptor to interact with G proteins and β-arrestins. Allosteric
regulators do not affect the binding of TSH and autoantibodies to
the receptor, which enables mild and selective regulation of thyroid function,
while avoiding critical changes in TSH and thyroid hormone levels.
The present review addresses the current state of the problem of
regulating TSHR activity, including the possibility of using ligands
of its allosteric sites.