bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and synthesis of new N-thioacylated ciprofloxacin derivatives as urease inhibitors with potential antibacterial activity
Authors: Pedrood Keyvan , Azizian Homa , Montazer Mohammad Nazari , Moazzam Ali , Asadi Mehdi , Montazeri Hamed , Biglar Mahmood , Zamani Mozhdeh , Larijani Bagher , Zomorodian Kamiar , Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Maryam , Irajie Cambyz , Amanlou Massoud , Iraji Aida , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new series of N-thioacylated ciprofloxacin 3a–n were designed and synthesized based on Willgerodt–Kindler reaction. The results of in vitro urease inhibitory assay indicated that almost all the synthesized compounds 3a–n (IC50 = 2.05 ± 0.03–32.49 ± 0.32 μM) were more potent than standard inhibitors, hydroxyurea (IC50 = 100 ± 2.5 μM) and thiourea (IC50 = 23 ± 0.84 μM). The study of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive species (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) revealed that the majority of compounds were more active than ciprofloxacin as the standard drug, and 3h derivative bearing 3-fluoro group had the same effect as ciprofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli). Based on molecular dynamic simulations, compound 3n exhibited pronounced interactions with the critical residues of the urease active site and mobile flap pocket so that the quinolone ring coordinated toward the metal bi-nickel center and the essential residues at the flap site like His593, His594, and Arg609. These interactions caused blocking the active site and stabilized the movement of the mobile flap at the entrance of the active site channel, which significantly reduced the catalytic activity of urease. Noteworthy, 3n also exhibited IC50 values of 5.59 ± 2.38 and 5.72 ± 1.312 µg/ml to inhibit urease enzyme against C. neoformans and P. vulgaris in the ureolytic assay.
Chronische Blepharitis
Authors: Dietrich-Ntoukas Tina 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungBlepharitis ist eine häufige entzündliche Erkrankung der Augenlider
einschließlich des Lidrandes, die bei Erwachsenen und Kindern auftreten und
schwere Symptome hervorrufen haben kann. Je nach anatomischer Lokalisation kann
die Blepharitis in anteriore und posteriore Formen eingeteilt werden. Die
Pathogenese der chronischen Blepharitis ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt, es
wird jedoch ein multifaktorielles Krankheitsgeschehen vermutet. Die Erkrankung
stellt eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar.
The Female Genital Tract on MDCT: A Pictorial Review of Normal Anatomy and Incidental Abnormalities
Authors: Gulati Shrea , Rathi Vinita , Bhatt Shuchi , Jain Sandhya 
Published: August 2022

Purpose This article aims to review the pertinent anatomy and the incidental abnormalities involving the female genital tract on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) through a pictorial review.
Methods The review is based on critical analysis of the existing literature as well as our experience in dealing with incidental lesions involving the female genital tract.
Results The lack of awareness regarding the normal appearances of the female pelvis on MDCT can puzzle the inexperienced radiologist and create management dilemmas for the treating clinician. It is important for radiologists to recognize normal appearances of the female genital tract on MDCT to prevent misinterpretation as pathology. The identification of incidentalomas of the female genital tract on CT can further guide whether additional workup is required or not. This pictorial review familiarizes radiologists with the normal appearances of the female genital tract on MDCT and a few common incidentalomas.
Conclusion It is imperative for a clinical radiologist to be familiar with the anatomy and common incidental lesions involving the female genital tract.
Symmetries of the asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes
Authors: Kamiński Wojciech , Kolanowski Maciej , Lewandowski Jerzy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We start a systematic investigation of possible isometries of the asymptotically de Sitter solutions to Einstein equations. We reformulate the Killing equation as conformal equations for the initial data at

I

+

. This allows for partial classification of possible symmetry algebras. In particular, if they are not maximal, they may be at most four-dimensional. We provide several examples. As a simple corollary it is shown that the only spacetime in which the Killing horizon intersects

I

+

(after a conformal completion) is locally the de Sitter Universe.
Quantifying the breakdown of the rotating-wave approximation in single-photon superradiance
Authors: Jørgensen M A , Wubs M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study quantitatively the breakdown of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) when calculating collective light emission by quantum emitters, in particular in the weak-excitation limit. Our starting point is a known multiple-scattering formalism where the full light–matter interaction leads to induced inter-emitter interactions described by the classical Green function of inhomogeneous dielectric media. When making the RWA in the light–matter interaction, however, these induced interactions differ from the classical Green function, and for free space we find a reduction of the interatomic interaction strength by up to a factor of two. By contrast, for the corresponding scalar model the relative RWA error for the inter-emitter interaction even diverges in the near field. For two identical emitters, the errors due to the RWA in collective light emission will show up in the emission spectrum, but not in the sub- and superradiant decay rates. In case of two non-identical emitters, also the collective emission rates will differ by making the RWA. For three or more identical emitters, the RWA errors in the interatomic interaction in general affect both the collective emission spectra and the collective decay rates. Ring configurations with discrete rotational symmetry are an interesting exception. Interestingly, the maximal errors in the collective decay rates due to making the RWA occur for finite emitter separations.
A novel capacity expansion and recognition acceleration method for dot-dispersing coded targets in photogrammetry
Authors: Wang Meng , Guo Yuhan , Wang Qiang , Liu Yang , Liu Jiaxin , Song Xin , Wang Guo , Zhang Hu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In close-range photogrammetry, some improved designs have been developed to increase the coding capacity of Schneider-like concentric circular coded targets. However, another typical type, Hattori-like dot-dispersing coded targets (HCTs), is rarely expanded. In this paper, we give our detailed solution to recognize a kind of non-public HCT used in video-simultaneous triangulation and resection systems. Then, an advanced HCT (AHCT) with multiple templates and simplified

P
2

-Invariant is proposed, which achieves capacity expansion and recognition acceleration. First, the cross-ratio invariant is used in template recognition, and then the affine transformation is used in decoding. During the template recognition process, multiple templates are designed to expand the coding capacity, and a simplified

P
2

-Invariant is adopted to accelerate the recognition. Experiments are carried out with different shooting angles ranging from 0° to 80°, with smaller coded targets, with mixed coded targets of different sizes and with large outdoor scenes, and the results show that AHCTs can not only preserve the stability of the HCTs, but also achieve the capacity growth of coded targets at a faster recognition rate by 14.6%. The AHCTs with large capacity can be applied in scenarios with a large size or complex structure, and the acceleration advantage can be considered in real-time dynamic domains.
An assessment of full-wave effects on Maxwellian lower-hybrid wave damping
Authors: Frank S J , Wright J C , Hutchinson I H , Bonoli P T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) actuators are important components of modern day fusion experiments as well as proposed fusion reactors. However, simulations of LHCD often differ substantially from experimental results, and from each other, especially in the inferred power deposition profile shape. Here we investigate some possible causes of this discrepancy; ‘full-wave’ effects such as interference and diffraction, which are omitted from standard raytracing simulations and the breakdown of the raytracing near reflections and caustics. We compare raytracing simulations to state-of-the-art full-wave simulations using matched hot-plasma dielectric tensors in realistic tokamak scenarios for the first time. We show that differences between full-wave simulations and raytracing in previous work were primarily due to numerical and physical inconsistencies in the simulations, and we demonstrate that quantitative agreement between raytracing and converged full-wave simulations can be obtained in reactor relevant-scenarios and qualitative agreement can be obtained in situations with weak damping.
A coordinate system invariant formulation for space-charge limited current with nonzero injection velocity
Authors: Halpern Jacob M , Darr Adam M , Harsha N R Sree , Garner Allen L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have extended the classical space-charge limited current (SCLC) solution in a non-magnetic, planar diode with zero injection velocity to other geometries using variational calculus (VC). We further extend VC to solve for SCLC with a non-relativistic, monoenergetic injection velocity from first principles for nonplanar diodes. By extremizing either the current or a functional of the electric field (and not its derivative), we demonstrate that VC can find either the bifurcation or the SCLC solution, respectively. The bifurcation solution is characterized by the onset of particle reflection, resulting in a singularity in the derivative of the electric field at the virtual cathode, physically analogous to the singularity at the cathode in SCLC for zero injection velocity. Alternatively, using VC to extremize a functional of the potential and its gradient (electric field) yields the maximum current SCLC result. We then derive the SCLC solutions in cylindrical and spherical diodes; additionally, we develop a method to determine SCLC numerically and the bifurcation solution exactly for any orthogonal geometry. Implications for the potential profile and virtual cathode are discussed, especially the behavior for other geometries.
Self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in perovskite-based subwavelength photonic crystals
Authors: Li Lixia , Li Wanlu , Zong Xueyang , Liu Yufang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Self-coupled photonic resonators made of exciton materials have recently provoked great interest in the context of light–matter interactions due to their ability to produce large normal mode splittings. In order to obtain giant Rabi energy, it is rather necessary to ensure large electromagnetic fields within exciton materials. Here, using two independent numerical algorithms, namely, the finite-element method and the rigorous coupled wave analysis, we demonstrate that, even with a moderate oscillation strength, giant Rabi splittings in excess of 250 meV can be achieved in subwavelength perovskite-based photonic crystals. This can be attributed to the fact that quasi-guided resonance modes supported by photonic systems are strongly confined inside the exciton material, highly conducing to increasing the volume of light–matter interaction. We reveal how the oscillator strength of excitons and the thickness of perovskite photonic crystals influence photon–exciton couplings. Moreover, the perovskite nanostructures investigated allow us to engineer polaritonic dispersions with linear or slow-light characters. These findings show that perovskite-based photonic crystals could be an appealing and promising platform in realizing polaritonic devices.
Temperature dependence of electrical characteristics and interface state densities of Au/n-type Si structures with SnS doped PVC interface
Authors: Karataş Şükrü , Altındal Şemsettin , Ulusoy Murat , Azizian-Kalandaragh Y , Özçelik Süleyman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the electrical properties of Au/(SnS doped PVC)/n–Si structures were investigated in detail using current/voltage (IV) data in wide temperature range (80–340 K by 20 K steps). Some of the basic electrical parameters such as ideality factor (n), saturation current (I
0), and barrier height (Φ
bo
) were obtained. When these parameters were extracted using thermionic emission (TE) theory, it was found that the value of n decreases whereas Φ
bo
increases with increasing temperature. This result can be explained by the barrier height (BH) inhomogeneity. The observed two linear regions in the plots of Φ
bo
–n, Φ
bo
–(1/2kT)1 and (n
−1–1)–(1/2kT) in temperature regions of 80–160 K and 80–340 K form an evidence to the presence of Double Gaussian distribution (DGD). Using the plot of Φ
bo
–(1/2kT), the values of mean BH (

Φ
¯

b
o

) and standard deviation (σ
S) were found as 0.486 eV and 66 mV for first region, and 0.984 eV and 139 mV for second region, respectively. Thus, the effective Richardson constant (A*) was obtained using the interception point of the modified Richardson plot for these regions as 7.013 × 10−6 A.K−2cm−2 and 88.12 A.K−2cm−2, respectively. It is clear that A* value for second region is closer to theoretical value (=112 A.K−2cm−2 for n–Si). Finally, the energy dependent profile of the surface-states (Nss) was extracted using Card-Rhoderick method and Nss was found to range from ∼1012 (at 80 K) to 1013 eV−1 cm−2 (at 340 K).
Preliminary study of generating a local time scale with NIM 87Sr optical lattice clock
Authors: Zhu Lin , Lin Yige , Wang Yuzhuo , Jia Zhengsen , Wang Qiang , Li Ye , Yang Tao , Fang Zhanjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A local time scale can be generated by steering flywheel clocks with state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks. This paper presents our simulations about the influence of the optical lattice clock’s operational strategies and the flywheel clock’s noise characteristics on the performance of the generated time scale. By post-processing the measured frequency difference between the optical lattice clock Sr1 and the hydrogen maser HM50 at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), during the modified Julian date (MJD) 59029–59059, a local time scale with 0.68 ns time variation referencing to the TT(BIPM20) is demonstrated.
Rotifera
Authors: Hochberg Rick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRotifers are some of the smallest known invertebrates and have been described from all aquatic (marine, estuarine, freshwater) and some semi-terrestrial (soils, mosses) environments. They were the first ‘animalcules’, described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the seventeenth century, and since then, have been the subject of countless investigations that have resulted in over 2000 described species. Studies of the rotifer nervous system began in the eighteenth century, with classical histological techniques that revealed several unique features that remain true to this day, including the eutelic nature of the rotifer brain, the gross morphology of sensory receptors, and the general topography of their nerve cords. With the advent of electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and neuropharmacological techniques in the twentieth century, the details of the rotifer nervous system have become more apparent. The brain consists of a cortex of somata without glial cells and surrounding a fibrous neuropil. Brain somata can be categorized based on several ultrastructural details, as well as differences in neurotransmitter phenotype, which include populations of cells containing catecholamines, serotonin, and neuropeptides. The cerebral neuropil and neurites that innervate the nerve cords, mastax, and sensory receptors also display a variety of neurotransmitter phenotypes. These sensory receptors include putative chemo-, mechano-, and photosensitive organs that function in locomotion, feeding, and reproduction, and appear to respond to a wide variety of exogenous neurotransmitters and neurohormones. While details on neurogenesis remain largely unexplored, early results based on gene expression studies hold promise for future developments in rotifer neurobiology.
Principles for Ending Human Immunodeficiency Virus as an Epidemic in the United States: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association
Authors: Person Anna K , Armstrong Wendy S , Evans Tyler , Fangman John J W , Goldstein Robert H , Haddad Marwan , Jain Mamta K , Keeshin Susana , Tookes Hansel E , Weddle Andrea L , Feinberg Judith 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While we have the tools to achieve this goal, the persistent barriers to healthcare services experienced by too many individuals will need to be addressed to make significant progress and improve the health and quality of life of all people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The necessary structural changes require actions by federal, state, and local policymakers and range from ensuring universal access to healthcare services to optimizing care delivery to ensuring a robust and diverse infectious diseases and HIV workforce. In this article, we outlines 10 key principles for policy reforms that, if advanced, would make ending the HIV epidemic in the United States possible and could have much more far-reaching effects in improving the health of our nation.
COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Conlon Christopher P. , Firth John D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2), first appeared in the city of Wuhan in Central China in December 2019. Initial cases appeared to be centred on a so-called wet market, but the outbreak spread rapidly. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a Pandemic Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January, 2020. By mid January 2021, there have been over 90 million cases globally and more than two million deaths.
Early Knee Range of Motion Following Operative Treatment for Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures Is Safe
Authors: Huang Kevin , Houlihan Nathan , Arkader Alexandre , Flynn John M. , Williams Brendan A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (TTAF) often require surgical reduction and stabilization. Traditional teachings recommend postoperative knee immobilization for 4 to 6 weeks; however, the necessity of these restrictions is unclear and the actual practice varies. This study’s purpose was to: (1) retrospectively review operatively managed TTAFs at a single center to examine the spectrum of postoperative rehabilitation guidelines, and (2) compare the outcomes of patients based on the timing of initiation of postoperative knee range of motion (ROM).

Methods:
Operatively managed TTAFs treated at a single center from 2011-2020 were identified. Patients with polytrauma, associated lower extremity compartment syndrome, or treatment other than screw fixation were excluded. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, Ogden Classification, associated injuries, operative technique, postoperative ROM progression, and time to release to unrestricted activities were collected. Patients were grouped based on the initiation of postoperative ROM as Early (<4 wk, EROM) or Late (≥4 wk, LROM). Bivariate analysis was used to compare characteristics between these 2 groups.

Results:
Study criteria identified 134 patients, 93.3% (n=125) of whom were male. The mean age of the cohort was 14.77 years [95% confidence interval (CI: 14.5 to 15.0]. Forty-nine patients were designated EROM; 85 patients were categorized as LROM. The groups did not differ significantly with regards to age, race, injury characteristics, or surgical technique. Both groups progressed similarly with regards to postoperative range of motion. Ultimate activity clearance was achieved at ~20 weeks postoperatively without differences between groups (P>0.05). Four instances of postoperative complication were identified, all of which occurred in the LROM group.

Conclusion:
A broad range of postoperative immobilization protocols exists following the screw fixation of TTAFs. Across otherwise similar cohorts of patients undergoing operative treatment, initiation of knee range of motion before 4 weeks was without complication and provided equivalent outcomes to traditional immobilization practices. Given the clear benefits to patients and caregivers provided by the permission of early knee motion and the avoidance of casting, providers should consider more progressive postoperative rehab protocols following operatively treated TTAFs.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, Retrospective Cohort.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Determination of Cardiac Output Augmentation in a Swine Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Patel Nathan T. P. , Templeton T. Wesley , Lane Magan R. , Williams Timothy K. , Neff Lucas P. , Goenaga-Diaz Eduardo J. 
Published: August 2022

CONTEXT:
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive tool for assessing local oxygen balance. In circulatory shock, the microcirculatory environment as measured by NIRS during resuscitation may provide additional diagnostic tools of value to the critical care physician.

HYPOTHESIS:
To assess whether a relative increase in peripheral NIRS was correlated with a clinically relevant increase in cardiac output following a fluid bolus in a swine model of shock.

METHODS AND MODELS:
Nine healthy young adult swine with median weight 80 kg (interquartile range, 75–83 kg) were anesthetized and surgically instrumented. They underwent a controlled hemorrhage of 20% of their blood volume followed by partial or complete aortic occlusion to create a variable ischemia-reperfusion injury. Next, the animals underwent four 500-mL plasmalyte boluses over 9 minutes each followed by a 6-minute pause. The animal then underwent a 25% mixed auto/homologous blood transfusion followed by four more 500 mL plasmalyte boluses over 9 minutes. Finally, the animals underwent a 25% mixed auto/homologous blood transfusion followed by an additional four rounds of 500-mL plasmalyte boluses over 9 minutes. Left thoracic limb NIRS, descending thoracic aortic flow (dAF), arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), and mixed central venous oxygen saturation (Svo
2) were measured continuously for comparison.

RESULTS:
The area under the receiver operating curve for an increase in dAF of 10% in response to a 500 mL bolus based on a percent increase in the proximal NIRS was 0.82 with 95% CI, 0.72–0.91; Svo
2, 0.86 with 95% CI, 0.78–0.95; MAP, 0.75 with 95% CI, 0.65–0.85 and CVP, 0.64 with 95% CI, 0.53–0.76.

INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS:
A dynamic relative increase in NIRS in response to a crystalloid challenge has moderate discriminatory power for cardiac output augmentation during shock in a swine model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. NIRS performed as well as invasive measurements (Svo
2 and MAP) and better than CVP.
Nursing Students' Perceptions of People who are Homeless
Authors: O'Dell Deborah C. , Kobayashi Akiko 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT:
Public perceptions of people who are homeless tend to be negative, perpetuating unfair treatment. This study investigated the effect of a 3.5-hour interaction with homeless people on baccalaureate (BSN) students, including students' descriptions of the characteristics of the homeless. The BSN nursing students who interacted face-to-face with homeless people experienced positive changes in their perceptions of this population.