bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Idiopathic or Inherited Isolated Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Medina Alex , Nilles Christelle , Martino Davide , Pelletier Catherine , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundA systematic review of epidemiological studies of primary dystonia from 1985 and 2010 found an overall prevalence of 16.43 per 100,000 (95% CI = 12.09–22.32).MethodsWe performed a systematic review of studies from 2010 and 2022 to determine if there are important differences in epidemiology between these time periods.ResultsNineteen studies were included. Incidence of cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and oromandibular dystonia were each reported in one study; one study reported incidence for all adult onset idiopathic focal dystonias combined. Using data from 11 studies, we performed random effects meta‐analyses of the prevalence of cervical dystonia (9.95 per 100,000; 95% CI = 3.51–28.17), blepharospasm (2.82 per 100,000; 95% CI = 1.12–7.12), laryngeal dystonia (0.40 per 100,000; 95% CI = 0.09–1.83), upper limb dystonia (1.27 per 100,000; 95% CI = 0.36–4.52), oromandibular dystonia (0.57 per 100,000; 95% CI = 0.15–2.15), and idiopathic or inherited isolated dystonia all subtypes combined (30.85 per 100,000; 95% CI = 5.06–187.74). All studies reported more cases of dystonia in females. There was no significant difference in prevalence by subgroup analysis based on time of study publication (1985–2010 vs. 2010–2022). Subgroup analysis of differences in prevalence by dystonia subtype by continent using all studies published (1985–2022) revealed significant regional differences in the prevalence of cervical and laryngeal dystonia.ConclusionThe incidence and prevalence of idiopathic or inherited isolated dystonia in the last decade was not significantly different from earlier reports. Population‐based studies across multiple geographic areas are needed to obtain a clearer understanding of the epidemiology of this condition.
RFC1‐Related Disorder: In Vivo Evaluation of Spinal Cord Damage
Authors: Rezende Thiago J.R. , Schmitt Gabriel S. , de Lima Fabricio D. , de Brito Mariana Rabelo , Matos Paula Camila A.A.P. , Bonadia Luciana Cardoso , Martinez Alberto R.M. , Cendes Fernando , Pedroso José Luiz , Barsottini Orlando G.P. , Marques Wilson , França Marcondes Cavalcante 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRFC1‐related disorder is a novel heredodegenerative condition with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Its neuropathological bases are not yet fully understood, particularly regarding the pattern, extent, and clinical relevance of spinal cord (SC) damage.ObjectivesThe objectives were to determine the SC structural signature in RFC1‐related disorder in vivo and to identify potential clinical correlates for these imaging abnormalities.MethodsWe enrolled 17 subjects with biallelic RFC1 (AAGGG)n expansions and 11 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls that underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging SC acquisitions in a 3T Philips Achieva scanner. Both global morphometry and tract‐specific analyses were then performed across all cervical levels. Between‐group comparisons were assessed using nonparametric tests.ResultsIn the patient group, mean age and disease duration were 62.9 ± 9.3 and 9.3 ± 4.0, respectively. Compared to controls, patients had remarkable SC cross‐sectional area reduction along all cervical levels but anteroposterior flattening only in the lower cervical levels. There was also prominent SC gray matter atrophy. Diffusivity abnormalities were identified in the dorsal columns but not in the lateral corticospinal tracts. Disease severity did not correlate with these imaging parameters.ConclusionSC damage is a hallmark of RFC1‐related disorder and characterized by gray as well as white matter involvement. In particular, dorsal columns are severely and diffusely affected. The clinical correlates of these imaging abnormalities still deserve additional investigations. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A relaxometry method that emphasizes practicality and availability
Authors: Madore Bruno , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Chiou Jr‐Yuan George , Cheng Cheng‐Chieh , Guenette Jeffrey P. , Mihai Georgeta 
Published: July 2022

PurposeAlthough many methods have been proposed to quantitatively map the main MRI parameters (e.g., T1, T2, C × M0), these methods often involve special sequences not readily available on clinical scanners and/or may require long scan times. In contrast, the proposed method can readily run on most scanners, offer flexible tradeoffs between scan time and image quality, and map MRI parameters jointly to ensure spatial alignment.MethodsThe approach is based on the multi‐shot spin‐echo (SE) EPI sequence. The corresponding signal equation was derived and strategies for solving it were developed. As usual with multi‐shot EPI, scan time can readily be traded‐off against image quality by adjusting the echo train length. Validation was performed against reference relaxometry methods, in gel phantoms with varying concentrations of gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine contrast agents. In vivo examples are further presented, from 3 neuroradiology patients.ResultsBland–Altman analysis was performed: for T2, as compared to 2D SE, bias was 0.29 ms and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from −1.15 to +1.73 ms. For T1, compared to inversion‐recovery SE (and MOLLI), bias was −20.2 ms (and −14.5 ms) and the limits of agreement ranged from −62.4 to +22.0 ms (and −53.8 to +24.9 ms). The mean relative T1 error between the proposed method and each of the 2 reference methods was similar to that of the reference methods among themselves.ConclusionIn the constellation of existing relaxometry methods, the proposed method is meant to stand out in terms of its practicality and availability.
Exploring pelvic floor muscle function in men with and without pelvic floor symptoms: A population‐based study
Authors: Notenboom‐Nas Françoise J. M. , Knol‐de Vries Grietje E. , Beijer Lotte , Tolsma Yme , Slieker‐ten Hove Marijke C. Ph. , Dekker Janny H. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Blanker Marco H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPelvic floor symptoms (PFS), such as lower urinary tract symptoms, defecation disorders, sexual problems, and genital‐pelvic pain, are prevalent in men. Thorough physical assessments of the external anal sphincter (EAS) and the puborectal muscle (PRM) are the keys to unraveling the role of muscle dysfunction.ObjectivesTo explore associations within and between the EAS and PRM and between muscle (dys‐) function and the number of male PFS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study purposively enrolled men aged ≥21 years with 0–4 symptoms from a larger study. After extensive external and internal digital pelvic floor assessment, we explored (1) agreement between muscle function of the EAS versus PRM (using cross tabulation), (2) associations within and between the EAS and PRM (using heatmaps), and (3) associations between muscle function and number of PFS (using a visual presentation [heatmaps] and χ2 tests).ResultsOverall, 42 out of 199 men (21%) had completely normal muscle function. Sixty‐six (33.2%) had no symptoms, of which 53 (80%) had some degree of muscle dysfunction. No clear dose–response relationship existed between muscle (dys‐) function and the number of symptoms. The PRM showed both more dysfunction and severer dysfunction than the EAS.ConclusionsNo clear association exists between muscle dysfunction and the number of symptoms, and the absence of PFS does not indicate normal muscle function for all men. Dysfunction levels are highest for the PRM. Further pelvic floor muscle research is warranted in men with PFS.
Improving a constructive heuristic for the general routing problem
Authors: Boyacı Burak , Dang Thu Huong , Letchford Adam N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe general routing problem (GRP) is a fundamental ‐hard vehicle routing problem, first defined by Orloff in 1974. It contains as special cases the Chinese postman problem, the rural postman problem, the graphical TSP, and the Steiner TSP. We examine in detail a known constructive heuristic for the GRP, due to Christofides and others. We show how to speed it up, in both theory and practice, while obtaining solutions that are at least as good. Computational results show that, for large instances, our implementation is faster than the original by several orders of magnitude.
Weak population differentiation and high diversity in Salsola tragus in the inland Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Spring John F. , Revolinski Samuel R. , Young Frank L. , Lyon Drew J. , Burke Ian C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSalsola tragus is a widespread and problematic weed of semi‐arid wheat production globally, and in the inland Pacific Northwest region of the USA. The species exhibits high levels of phenotypic diversity across its range and, at least in California USA, previous work has described cryptic diversity comprising a multi‐species complex. Such cryptic diversity could suggest the potential for a differential response to management inputs between groups, and have important implications for the spread of herbicide resistance or other adaptive traits within populations. We used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach to characterize the population structure of S. tragus in the inland Pacific Northwest.RESULTSOur results indicated that the population in this region is comprised of a single, tetraploid species (S. tragus sensu latu) with weak population structure on a regional scale. Isolation‐by‐distance appears to be the primary pattern of structure, but an independent set of weakly differentiated clusters of unknown origin were also apparent, along with a mixed mating system and high levels of largely unstructured genetic diversity.CONCLUSIONSDespite considerable phenotypic variability within S. tragus in the region, agronomic weed managers can likely consider it as a single entity across the region, rather than a collection of cryptic subgroups with possible differential responses to management inputs or agroecosystem conditions. A lack of strong barriers to migration and gene flow mean that adaptive traits, such as herbicide resistance, can be expected to spread rapidly through populations across the region. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient and multifidelity terrain modeling for 3D large‐scale and unstructured environments
Authors: Liu Xu , Li Decai , He Yuqing , Gu Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe vast amount of data captured by robots in large‐scale unstructured environments brings computation and storage problems to terrain modeling methods. Considering the practical terrain geometry structures, we design a large‐scale terrain modeling framework for efficiently generating the compact and accurate terrain models from incomplete and uncertain measurements. The multiresolution elevation filtering is developed to generate terrain surfaces that preserve terrain details in the bumpy areas while achieving a sparse representation over the flat areas, which simultaneously reduces the computation time, storage space, and inference error. To further reduce the high computational complexity, we propose a computation decomposition strategy by adopting the Gaussian mixture model to partition the whole terrain surface into several subsurfaces, enabling the method to scale to much larger environments. For each subsurface, we train a Gaussian process model using the local data to adapt to the local terrain structure, concurrently resolving the data incompleteness and uncertainty. Furthermore, to provide a more informative terrain model, we efficiently derive terrain gradient through a closed‐form solution by treating the generated terrain models as continuous functions, enabling more robotics applications, such as the path planning. We perform extensive experiments to evaluate our framework, including the use of two medium‐sized terrain data sets to evaluate the overall and local performance, and two large‐scale glacier terrain and mountain terrain in the area of up to 9 km2 to validate the practical applications.
Heilbronn triangle‐type problems in the unit square [0,1]2
Authors: Benevides Fabricio S. , Hoppen Carlos , Lefmann Hanno , Odermann Knut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Heilbronn triangle problem is a classical geometrical problem that asks for a placement of points in the unit square that maximizes the smallest area of a triangle formed by three of those points. This problem has natural generalizations. For an integer and a set of points in , let be the minimum area of the convex hull of points in . Here, instead of considering the supremum of over all such choices of , we consider its average value, , when the points in are chosen independently and uniformly at random in . We prove that , for every fixed .
Equity and justice in science education: Toward a pluriverse of multiple identities and onto‐epistemologies
Authors: Kayumova Shakhnoza , Dou Remy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConcepts in science education such as “science identity” and “science capital” are informed by dominant epistemological and ontological positions, which translate into assumptions about what counts as science and whose science counts. In this theoretical paper we draw on decolonial and antiracist perspectives to examine these assumptions in light of the heterogeneous onto‐epistemological and axiological values, cultural perspectives, and contributions of nondominant groups, and specifically of those who have been historically marginalized based on their gender, race, ethnic, age, and/or social class identity. Building on these arguments, we critique deficit‐based approaches to science teaching, learning, and research, including those that focus on systemic injustice, yet leave intact dominant framings of the scientific enterprise, which are exclusionary and meritocratic. As an alternative, we offer a design of science teaching and learning for the pluriverse—“a world where many worlds fit”. This alternative allows us to reconstruct science and science‐related “outcomes,” such as identity, in the service of cultural, epistemic, and linguistic pluralism. We close the paper with the idea that because mainstream theories reproduce deficit framings and educational injustices, we must engage with decolonial1theories of pluriversality and discuss different onto‐epistemologies to be able to grapple with existing social, racial, environmental injustices, and land‐based devastations.
Bayesian criterion‐based assessments of recurrent event models with applications to commercial truck driver behavior studies
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Chen Ming‐Hui , Guo Feng 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMultitype recurrent events are commonly observed in transportation studies, since commercial truck drivers may encounter different types of safety critical events (SCEs) and take different lengths of on‐duty breaks in a driving shift. Bayesian nonhomogeneous Poisson process models are a flexible approach to jointly model the intensity functions of the multitype recurrent events. For evaluating and comparing these models, the deviance information criterion (DIC) and the logarithm of the pseudo‐marginal likelihood (LPML) are studied and Monte Carlo methods are developed for computing these model assessment measures. We also propose a set of new concordance indices (C‐indices) to evaluate various discrimination abilities of a Bayesian multitype recurrent event model. Specifically, the within‐event C‐index quantifies adequacy of a given model in fitting the recurrent event data for each type, the between‐event C‐index provides an assessment of the model fit between two types of recurrent events, and the overall C‐index measures the model's discrimination ability among multiple types of recurrent events simultaneously. Moreover, we jointly model the incidence of SCEs and on‐duty breaks with driving behaviors using a Bayesian Poisson process model with time‐varying coefficients and time‐dependent covariates. An in‐depth analysis of a real dataset from the commercial truck driver naturalistic driving study is carried out to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed methodology.
A Miopetaurista (Rodentia, Sciuridae) cranium from the Middle Miocene of Bavaria (Germany) and brain evolution in flying squirrels
Authors: Grau‐Camats Montserrat , Bertrand Ornella C. , Prieto Jérôme , López‐Torres Sergi , Silcox Mary T. , Casanovas‐Vilar Isaac 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlying squirrels (Sciurinae, Pteromyini) are the most successful group of gliding mammals. However, their fossil record mostly consists of isolated dental remains that provide very limited insights into their palaeobiology and evolution. The first skeleton of a fossil flying squirrel, belonging to the species Miopetaurista neogrivensis, has been described only recently. It presents all the diagnostic gliding‐related postcranial features of its extant relatives and shows that this group has undergone very little morphological change for almost 12 myr. However, the associated cranium is badly crushed, and particular details of the cranial morphology cannot be described. Here, we describe a well‐preserved cranium of the closely related Miopetaurista crusafonti from 12.5–12.0 Ma from Bavaria (Germany). Its cranial morphology is found to be almost identical to extant large flying squirrels, even in details such as the position of the foramina. The virtual endocast also shows close affinities to living large flying squirrels in morphology and in the relative volume of different brain regions, showing diagnostic features such as the size reduction of petrosal lobules and olfactory bulbs. However, the encephalization quotient (EQ) and neocortical ratio are lower than observed in extant flying squirrels. EQ is known to increase through time in squirrels, but might also be related to locomotion, given that arboreal and gliding squirrels display higher EQs than terrestrial ones. Because Miopetaurista was certainly a glider, its comparatively lower EQ and neocortical size support the existence of an independent trend of increasing EQ and neocortical complexity in this flying squirrel subclade.
Descriptive analysis of national bovine viral diarrhoea test data in England (2016–2020)
Authors: Prosser Naomi S. , Hill Edward M. , Armstrong Derek , Gow Lorna , Tildesley Michael J. , Keeling Matt J. , Kaler Jasmeet , Ferguson Eamonn , Green Martin J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes substantial economic losses to the cattle industry; however, control and eradication can be achieved by identifying and removing persistently infected cattle from the herd. Each UK nation has separate control programmes. The English scheme, BVDFree, started in 2016 and is voluntary.MethodsWe analysed the test results submitted to BVDFree from 5847 herds between 2016 and 2020.ResultsIn 2020, 13.5% of beef breeders and 20.0% of dairy herds that submitted tests had at least one positive (virus/antibody) test result. Although lower than in previous years, there was no clear trend in the proportion of positive tests over time. In virus testing herds, 0.4% of individual tests were positive in 2020, and 1.5% of individual tests were positive in BVDV‐positive virus testing herds. Dairy herds and larger herds were more likely to join BVDFree, and dairy herds were also more likely to virus test than beef breeder herds. Larger herds, herds that used virus testing and herds that had BVDV‐positive test results were more likely to continue submitting tests to BVDFree.ConclusionsThe findings provide a benchmark for the status of BVDV control in England; continued analysis of test results will be important to assess progress towards eradication.
Aggressive piecemeal excision and cervical bridging fixation for cervical vertebral osteosarcoma in two dogs and two cats
Authors: Kouno Shigenori , Tanoue Hirofumi , Shimada Masakazu , Hara Yasushi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo dogs and two cats were referred for primary osteosarcoma of the cervical vertebrae. Each case was treated surgically with a combination of aggressive tumour resection and bridging fixation of the vertebrae, which was performed cranial and caudal to the affected site, using metal implants and polymethylmethacrylate. The cervical spines were stabilised by spinal reconstruction, and the tumours were extensively removed. Aggressive resection and spinal reconstruction prevented pathological fractures, contributed to spinal cord injury recovery, improved clinical symptoms and prolonged life expectancy.
Electrochemical Behavior of Mono‐Substituted [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase H‐Cluster Mimic Mediated by Stannylated Dithiolato Ligand
Authors: Abaalkhail Sara J. , Abul‐Futouh Hassan , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this research work we present the synthesis and characterization of asymmetrical [FeFe]‐hydrogenase mimic, [Fe2(CO)5P(OMe)3{μ‐(SCH2)2SnPh2}] (2), obtained from replacing one of the CO ligands of the parent hexacarbonyl complex [Fe2(CO)6{μ‐(SCH2)2SnPh2}] (1) with the monodentate phosphite P(OMe)3. The molecular structure of complex2was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the electrochemistry of complexes1and2was investigated to explore the influence of the steric bulk of the Ph‐ring at the bridgehead Sn atom with the nearby P(OMe)3ligand. In addition, both complexes show their potentials toward hydrogen formation in the presence of weak acid, such as acetic acid (AcOH), suggesting an ECEC (E=electron transfer, C=chemical process) mechanism for hydrogen production.
Providing Agile Faculty Development in Times of Uncertainty: Case of the American University in Cairo
Authors: Bali Maha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe move toward emergency remote teaching meant educational development centers suddenly had to train and support all who teach at their institutions simultaneously. This article will focus on the agile, responsive and value-centric faculty development done locally via the American University in Cairo’s Center for Learning & Teaching, the “glocal” opportunities offered via DigPINS (see Bali and Caines, Int J Educ Technol High Educ 15(46):1–24, 2018), and the curation of openly available community-building resources available to educators worldwide. Central to all of these initiatives is that centering equity and care in how we support faculty (Czerniewicz, Agherdien, Badenhorst, Postdigit Sci Educ 2:946–967, 2020) will trickle down to the ways faculty treat their students during the trauma of the pandemic. We conclude that the pandemic has taught us the importance of centering values of equity and care while supporting faculty during a time of uncertainty and trauma (Imad, TIA 39, 2021), that fostering agency and imagination is more valuable than offering one-size-fits all standard solutions, and that faculty developers need to model adaptability and good pedagogy. Moreover, it is important to nurture and leverage learning communities, take advantage of “glocal” and “open” learning opportunities, and to build capability long-term via developing digital literacies and creativity.