bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Correlates of Young Females Suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Rafique Saher , Ilyas Uzma 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To explore the psychosocial correlates of women under treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Different Clinics and Hospitals of Lahore and Gujranwala, from Aug 2019 to Nov 2020.
Methodology: Single women seeking treatment for PCOS were included in the study. Derriford appearance scale and social interaction anxiety scale were used in this study.
Results: A total of 180 women were included in the study. The result indicated significant positive correlation between appearance distress and social anxiety (r=0.41, p<0.001). Majority of women were visiting beauty parlors to evade facial hair and buying products to conceal their acne.
Conclusion: Women diagnosed with PCOS reported to experience the appearance distress and anxiety specifically in social gatherings.
Spectrum, Etiology and Clinical Features of Intracranial Hypertension Presenting in NeuroOphthalmology Clinic At AFIO Rawalpindi
Authors: Ijaz Umar , Saeed Kamran , Sarwar Imran , Nazir Noman , Rathore Hassan Sajjad , Shahid Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the clinical spectrum and various etiological factors of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Pakistani patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic, Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2017 to Jul 2018.
Methodology: A total of 64 individuals with intracranial hypertension (IH) were screened. On the basis of inclusion criteria 32 patients were selected for the study. The demographics, clinical features and etiologies were recorded for each patient.
Results: High frequency was noted among females, affecting 26 (84.37%) as compared to males who were 6 (18.75%) in number. Half of the patients had body weight lying in range of overweight, 16 (50%), however, only 5 (15.6%) patients fell into the category of obesity. Among clinical features, headache was the most prominent symptom seen in 17 (53.12%) patients and severe disc swelling seen in 19 (59.3%) was the most common sign. Most prevalent systematic association was anemia, 11 (34.3%), and the most prominent etiology was idiopathic intracranial hypertension, being 26 (81.25%).
Conclusion: There was high frequency of intracranial hypertension in the females with obesity, pregnancy and in the age group of 20-30 years.
Comparison Between The Effects of Betamethasone Gel And Lidocaine Jelly To Reduce PostOperative Tracheal Tube Related Airway Symptoms
Authors: Alam Syed Sajjad , Abbas Nighat , Asghar Ali , Rafique Muhammad , Abid Khadijah 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the role of betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly on reducing the post-operative airway complications related to tracheal tube.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia, Liaquat National Hospital, from Jul 2019 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 150 patients were randomly assigned into three different groups; group-B (0.05% betamethasone gel), group-L (tube lubricated with 2% lidocaine jelly) and group-C (intubated with un-lubricated tubes). Patients were assigned by using lottery method, which was carried out by a research assistant who was not involved in the study. There were 50 patients in each group.
Results: Post-operative sore throat and post-extubation cough at 24-hours were statistically insignificant (p>0.05) between groups while hoarseness of voice at 24-hours postoperatively was significant (p<0.05) in all the groups. The overall difference for severity of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and post-extubation cough at24 hours in the groups B, L, and C were statistically significant (<0.05).
Conclusion: The application of betamethasone gel on endotracheal tube before intubation reduces the post-extubation cough, severity of post-operative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and post-extubation cough in comparison with the application of lidocaine jelly and un-lubricated ETT.
Impact of Educational Intervention on The Knowledge of Epidemiology, Prevention and Control of Rabies Among Paramedical Students, Taxilla
Authors: Shan Hina , Maqbool Saadia , Jaffry Tamkeen Nishat , Hassan Uzma , Shan Maryam , Gilani Rehama 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the knowledge of epidemiology, transmission, prevention and control of rabies and to find the effect of an educational intervention in paramedical students of HITEC-IMS, Taxilla.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: HITEC-IMS, Taxilla, from Mar to Sep 2019.
Methodology: Study was carried out among paramedical students enrolled in 2 years diploma course in HITEC-IMS, Taxilla. Students were included by non-probability consecutive sampling.
Results: Out of the total of 89 participants, the fatality of rabies was identified by 63 (70.8%) respondents in pre-test and by 84 (94.4%) respondents in post-test (p<0.001). Less than half of the participants knew about bats as a reservoir of rabies (22, 24.7%) in pre-test that raised to 59 participants (66.3%) in post-test (p<0.001). The proper sequence of protocol for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in un-vaccinated persons was identified by 42 (47.2%) respondents with an improvement of 27% in post-test (p<0.001). Proper order of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccine schedule in humans were identified by 16 (18.0%) respondents with an improvement of 6% in post-test (p=0.031).
Conclusion: Knowledge of reservoir, mode of transmission, prevention and control of rabies after educational intervention showed a significant increase in the students.
Quality of Life of Melasma Patients in Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Atiya , Basit Anam , Mohsin Sadia , Ahmed Najia , Tahir Moizza , Ishfaq Asim 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the quality of life in Pakistani melasma patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Oct 2020 to May 2021.
Methodology: The study was conducted on 126 adult patients of both genders by non-probability, consecutive sampling technique. Melasma severity was assessed by 'melasma area severity index (MASI) and quality of life impairment by 'dermatology life quality index (DLQI).
Results: A total of 126 patients participated in the study, out of which 85.7% were females, and 14.3% were males. Mean MASI score was 12.21 ± 6.87, and mean DLQI score was 8.22 ± 7.46. Male patients had higher MASI scores and statistically signifycant DLQI than female patients (p=0.016). Employed people and those from the higher socio-economic group showed a more significant impairment of their quality of life.
Conclusion: There was moderate impairment of quality of life in melasma patients. Healthcare givers need to recognize the effect of melasma on mental health while counselling patients and devising management strategies.
Correlation Between Degree of Mandibular Incisors Crowding, Lower Incisor Position and Vertical Craniofacial Configuration in Different Malocclusions
Authors: Amin Erum , Zaheer Rumeesha , Waqar Tayyaba , Farooq Amal , Khan Maheen , Nadeem Fareya 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the degree of mandibular incisor crowding, lower incisor position and vertical craniofacial configuration in different malocclusions.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontics department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2018.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 100 pre-treatment study casts and lateral cephalographs of orthodontic, aged 10 to 26 years. Patients who presented with complaints of lower incisors crowding were included in the study. The cephalogram tracings, calculations and lower incisor crowding measurements were taken. All the fifteen parameters of vertical craniofacial configuration, lower incisors position and sagittal skeletal base relationship were measured.
Result: Out of 100 patients, 45 were males and 55 were females with a mean age of 16.11 ± 3.53 years. According to this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between the degree of lower incisor crowding and vertical facial proportions and incisor position in studied malocclusions.
Conclusion: The lower incisor crowding was a local and independent discrepancy. It was a frequently encountered problem, successful therapy depends upon several contributing factors that must be identified for successful management.
Hypomagnesemia in Pre-Renal Acute Kidney Injury Patients with Non-Recovery of the Renal Functions
Authors: Hafeez Zahid , Hafeez Rana Shahid , Ahmad Fawad , Anwar Wasif , Matee Sumeera 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the hypomagnesaemia frequency in pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) patients with non-recovery of renal functions.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Noor Specialist Hospital Holy Makah, Saudi Arabia, from Jul 2014 to Jan 2015.
Methodology: A total of 150 acute kidney injury patients qualifying the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Serum magnesium (Mg) levels were measured for all the patients. Serum magnesium level <0.70 mmol/L (<1.7 mg/dL) was labeled as hypomagnesaemia.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.64 ± 13.61 years, with 31% males and 69% females. Hypertension was present in 58 (38.7%) patients, 38 (25.3%) patients were obese, and hypomagnesaemia was present in 25% patients. A statistically insignificant difference was found between age of patients (p=0.086) and gender (p=0.970).
Conclusion: Our study showed that in patients with acute kidney injury with non-recovery of renal functions, the rate of hypomagnesaemia is quite high. Therefore patients with non-recovery should be screened for magnesium levels in future acute kidney injury.
Teacher Centered Versus Student Centered Strategies for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Fatima Sadaf 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the student-centred learning strategies with teacher-centred strategies in developing adult learning principles for medical students.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin Medical College and Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Nov 2017 to Oct 2018.
Methodology: The study participants included first and second-year medical students. They were divided into two groups. One group of students was recruited from a medical college having a hybrid curriculum through problem based learning and lectures. The other students were recruited from a college following a traditional curriculum through only teacher-centred strategies and lectures. The comparison between the two groups of students was based on adult learning principles. A questionnaire including 17 items from the principles of adult learning scale (PALS) was given to medical students. Out of 17 items from the principles of adult learning scale, 13 were related to student learning, and four were regarding teacher instruction. The students were asked to determine the teaching practices promoting the development of adult learning principles on a Likert scale from 0-5.
Results: In the learning section, the medical students having student-centred learning strategies had 28.16 ± 10.98 scores compared to students with teacher-centred strategies with a score of 33.73 ± 12.66 on the principles of adult learning scale. In the teacher instruction section, the score was 13.81 ± 3.76 in students with learner-centered strategies and 14.76 ± 3.79 in students with teacher-centred strategies.
Conclusion: The teacher-centred learning strategies promote the development of adult learning principles better than the student-centred strategies in medical students.
Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Scan Versus Exploratory Laparotomy in Patients with Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Ahmed Umair , Awan Malik Saeed , Ahmed Ghufran , Asad Hafsa 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FAST scans in patients with blunt abdominal trauma keeping exploratory laparotomy as a gold standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.
Place and Duration of Study: Surgical Unit of Combined Military Hospital Kohat from Jan 2019 to June 2019.
Methodology: Trauma patients reporting to the emergency department had a FAST scan using a portable ultrasound machine. The radiologist performed and interpreted the scans within one hour of the patient's arrival. The four standard views were obtained. Those who had positive FAST scans underwent a laparotomy without further evaluation. Patients with negative FAST scans did not have laparotomy unless unstable. Only those patients who underwent laparotomy were included in our study.
Results: Out of 70 cases, comparison of the FAST scans in patients with blunt abdominal trauma keeping exploratory laparotomy as the gold standard to diagnose intra-abdominal injury was recorded as 88.88%, 82.35%, 94.00%, 70.00% and 87.14% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy respectively.
Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of FAST scan in diagnosing intra-abdominal injury is higher, so it can be used routinely to diagnose intra-abdominal injury as a result of blunt abdominal trauma
Patient Satisfaction with Inpatient Hospital Services: A Cross Sectional Survey of Admitted Patients of Combined Military Hospital, Malir Cantt, Karachi
Authors: Bari Samira Faiz , Siddiqui Hamid Jamal , Qureshi Farhan Muhammad , Zahra Sehrish , Tahir Muhammad , Rizwan Saba 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction regarding the admission process, treatment process, nursing care and general support services amid patients admitted in various hospital departments.
Study Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Malir Cantt, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019.
Methodology: Data was collected from 522 participants. An inpatient feedback form was used to assess satisfaction among admitted patients.
Result: Out of 522, 256 (49%) participants ranked health care facilities as excellent and199 (38%) participants ranked health care facilities as good. Out of 53 (10%) participants were satisfied, while only 16 (3%) were discontented with current hospital facilities.
Conclusion: This survey has provided deep insight into the contemporary health care services of the hospital. Being a costeffective organization, CMH Malir Cantt has delivered excellent quality care to patients through continuous efforts towards betterment in every discipline deemed to the medical facility.
LAPAROSCOPIC VS OPEN APPENDICECTOMY: WHAT’S THE BEST FOR PREGNANT PATIENTS
Authors: Khan Kamran Hakeem , Khan Waseem Yar , Khan Zahid , Shahzad Muddasar 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the post-operative outcomes in pregnant patients with appendicitis undergoing laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Surgery Department, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera Pakistan, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: This study consisted of patients with acute appendicitis during pregnancy who were presented to Surgery Department or referred to it from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A had patients who underwent Laparoscopic appendicectomyand Group B had patients who underwent Open appendicectomy. Postoperative outcomes in both groups including fetal loss, preterm delivery, operative time and surgical complications were observed. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Total of 90 pregnant women were included. Group A consisted of 44 cases and 46 patients were in Group B. The mean maternal age was 24.5 ± 5.2 year (Group A) and 23.5 ± 4.2 years (Group B). About 30 patients (33.33%) were in the first trimester, 38 (42.22%) in second while 22 (24.44%) patients were in the third trimester.Wound infection occurred in two patients in Group B (p=0.08). Fetal loss occurred in one patient in Group A and in 3 patients in Group B (p=0.09). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in Group A (1.4 ± 1.9 days).
Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe with low incidence of post operative maternal as well as fetal complications.
Frequency of Thyroid Dysfunction in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Amir Misbah ul Qamar Muhammad , Abbas Shahid , Khan Andaleeb , Ali Ejaz , Butt Kamil Rehman , Rehman Ayesha 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To look for the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction at Medicine/Cardiology Department.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Sialkot, from Nov 2019 to Apr 2020.
Methodology: The sample population comprised of patients diagnosed with the heart failure and ejection fraction of 40% at Medicine/Cardiology unit. Patients underwent thyroid functions test from the laboratory of our hospital and were diagnosed as hypothyroid, hyperthyroid or euthyroid by consultant cardiologist and medical specialist. Age, gender, body mass index and New York heart association (NYHA) class were associated with thyroid dysfunction among the study participants.
Results: Out of 110 patients with heart failure and low ejection fraction who underwent thyroid function testing during the study period, 92 (83.6%) patients were euthyroid, 14 (12.7%) had thyroid profile parameters showing hypothyroidism, while 04 (3.6%) had laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism. After chi-square, we found that patients with New York heart association class III and IV and high body mass index had a statistically significant relationship with thyroid dysfunction (pvalue 0.017 and <0.001 respectively) among the patients of heart failure with low ejection fraction.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, emerged as a common finding among heart failure patients with low ejection fraction. Patients with New York heart association class III and IV and high body mass index should be considered high-risk and may be screened for thyroid problems if present with heart failure
Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancy Evulation by Beta and a Point-Nasion-B (ANB) Angles in a Cephalometric Study Among the Pakistani People
Authors: Mehmood Sundas , Jan Abdullah , Shah Tooba Istiaq , Ashraf Tehreem , Shafique Hafiza Zobia , . Rooma 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the role of beta and A point-nasion-B (ANB) angles in evaluating the sagittal skeletal discrepancy in a cephalometric study done in the Pakistani population.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontics Department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2019.
Methodology: A total of 150 subjects between the age of 18 to 25 years were enrolled in the study A point-nasion-B angle was measured using the lateral cephalogram in all the subjects and was divided into classes I, II and III. Beta angle was also measured in all the patients.
Results: Out of 150 subjects, 92 (61.3%) patients were males, and 58 (38.7%) were females. The mean age of the subjects was 19.2 ± 2.138 years. 89 (59.3%) patients were classed in Class-I, 40 (26.7%) in class-II and 21 (14%) in class-III. The mean score of A point-nasion-B angles among the patients was 7.5 ± 1.112. The mean score for beta angles in the study participants was 30.5 ± 2.214. A point-nasion-B and beta angles both had a significant relationship with classes of skeletal discrepancies.
Conclusion: Sagittal skeletal discrepancies can be evaluated with accuracy by using both A point-nasion-B and beta angles. Lateral cephalograms and radiography measures emerged as reliable techniques to classify the patients in various skeletal patterns. Factors like age and gender do not influence skeletal discrepancies.
Plateletpheresis: A Donors Perspective
Authors: Yazdani Muhammad Sajid , Ahmad Shahbaz , Rathore Muhammad Ali , Iqbal Hamid 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the plateletpheresis procedure adverse reactions as described by donors in a regional blood transfusion centre.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (AFIT), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Oct to Dec 2018.
Methodology: The data of 300 plateletpheresis donors, who underwent the procedure, was collected from the donor record of AFIT. All these donors were contacted through cell phone for interviews. The donors willing to participate were interviewed as per the structured questions.
Results: Out of the 300 plateletpheresis donors contacted, only one was female (0.3%). The 166 (55%) male donors responded and showed willingness for inclusion in the study. The overall experience was described as very good by 89 (54%), good by 52 (31%), satisfactory by 23 (14%) and unpleasant by 2 (1%) donors. No adverse effects were observed in 144 (87%) donors, while 22 (13%) had mild adverse reactions. The 152 (91%) blood donors were willing to donate blood again in future.
Conclusion: Plateletpheresis was considered, by donors, a very safe and pleasant procedure if appropriately performed, taking all necessary precautions. However, chances of adverse reactions exist as in all procedures related to blood donation. Our study shows that the minor common adverse reactions do not limit the donors from future blood donations.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Adnan Aneeqa , Akhtar Naureen , Jamshaid Abdul Ahad , Kazmi Tehmina , Kazmi Uzma , Chaudary Adeela 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To identify the echocardiographic abnormalities in children with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Hemodialysis unit of Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore from Jun to Nov 2020.
Methodology: A total of 75 children of chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis were included. Blood and urine tests, chest x-ray and transthoracic echo cardio-grapy were performed to assess the cardiac morphological and functional abnormalities.
Results: The mean age of patients was 12.14 ± 2.18 years with 54 (72%) males and 21 (28%) females. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 22.54 ± 17.01 months with mean urea reduction ratio (URR) (%) 65.58 ± 4.31 and mean Kt/v 1.3 ± 0.1. Hypertension was noted in 70 (93.3%) patients with mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure 134.07 ± 10.64 and 89.13 ± 6.78 mmHg, respectively. The echocardiography revealed the mean ejection fraction of 58.02 ± 12.40 with mild systolic and diastolic dysfunction noted in 48 (64%) patients, pericardial effusion in 23 (30.7%) cases and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 52 (69.3%) cases.
Conclusion: As the frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was noted to be high in our chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, there is a need to implement echocardiographic screening of these patients at regular intervals to identify and rectify cardiac complications early.