bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent control of both amplitude and phase for orthogonal circularly polarized electromagnetic waves through polarization conversions
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Pang Zhongyuan , Zhu Bo O 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Spin-selective multi-functional integrated metasurfaces have attracted much research attention due to its promising application prospects. However, the goal of independent and arbitrary control of both amplitude and phase for orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) waves still has not been achieved fully. This is because it requires mirror asymmetric structure to achieve such a goal but there is no apparent physical relation between the unit cell structure and the spin-selective properties. A simple method with clear physical pictures is proposed in this paper to achieve the goal of arbitrary spin-selective manipulations. The idea is to convert the incident orthogonal CP waves to orthogonal linearly polarized (LP) waves first, then manipulate the LP waves with matured techniques, and finally convert the LP waves back to the corresponding CP waves. Simulations and experiments have been carried out to validate the method. Using this idea, spin-selective focusing, spin-selective deflection and spin-selective orbital angular momentum vortex beam have been demonstrated.
Numerical package for QFT calculations of defect-induced phenomena in graphene
Authors: Biswas Hillol , Mahalingam Harshitra , Rodin Aleksandr 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We introduce a computationally efficient method based on the path integral formalism to describe defect-modified graphene. By taking into account the entire Brillouin zone, our approach respects the lattice symmetry and can be used to investigate both short-range and long-range effects. The proposed method’s key advantage is that the computational complexity does not increase with the system size, scaling, instead, with the number of defects. Our aim is to make the quantum-field calculations in graphene accessible to the experimental community. We demonstrate our method’s capabilities by exploring the well-known graphene-mediated Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yoshida interaction and by performing a detailed study of the atomic collapse in the presence of defects.
High-order harmonics generation in nanosecond-pulses-induced plasma containing Ni-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals using chirp-free and chirped femtosecond pulses
Authors: Konda Srinivasa Rao , Ganeev Rashid A , Kim Vyacheslav V , Ketavath Ravi , Yu Jiaqi , Li Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate high-order harmonic generation in Ni-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals ablated by nanosecond pulses using chirp-free 35 fs, and chirped 135 fs pulses in the case of single-color pump (800 nm) and a two-color pump (800 and 400 nm). We analyzed the spectral shift, cut-off, and intensity distribution of harmonics in the case of chirped drving pulses compared to chirp-free pulses. It is shown that the presence of Ni dopants and CsPbBr3 plasma components improves the harmonics emission. Also, we measured the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these nanocrystals using 800 nm, 60 fs, 1 kHz pulses. The variations of measured NLO parameters of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals containing different concentrations of nickel correlate with variations of generated high-order harmonics from laser induced plasmas of studied nanocrystals in terms of harmonics intensity, cut-off, and spectral shift (in case of chirped driving pulses). The spectral shift of the harmonics generated from the Ni-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals can be used to form tunable extreme ultraviolet sources.
Janus (Mo/β-Mo2C)@C heterostructure as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline media
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Jiang Zhongya , Peng Xiang , Li Zhaorong , Woldu Abebe Reda , Lu Fushen , Fang Yiwen , Chu Paul K , Hu Liangsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To explore low-cost, high-efficiency, and noble-metal-free catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting in both acidic and alkaline media, the metal-metal carbide Janus hierarchical structure comprising Mo and β-Mo2C embedded on a carbon layer (Mo/β-Mo2C)@C is synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction and subsequent low-temperature magnesium thermic process. Systematic characterization by XRD, XPS, Raman scattering, and SEM/TEM reveals the successful formation of metallic Mo and β-Mo2C nanoparticles. The synthesized (Mo/β-Mo2C)@C has a large specific surface area and boasts highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction activity including low overpotentials of 152 and 171 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and small Tafel slopes of 51.7 and 63.5 mV dec−1 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. In addition, the catalyst shows outstanding stability for 48 h in both acidic and alkaline media. The excellent catalytic activity originates from more active sites and greater electron conductivity bestowed by the carbon layer, which also improves the long-term stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
Decoherence factor as a convolution: an interplay between a Gaussian and an exponential coherence loss
Authors: Yan Bin , Zurek Wojciech H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We identify and investigate the origin and nature of the transition between Gaussian and exponential forms of decoherence: the decoherence factor (that controls the time dependence of the off-diagonal terms of the density matrix expressed in the pointer basis representation) is the convolution of the Fourier transforms of the spectral density and of the overlap (between the eigenstates the environment with and without couplings to the system). Spectral density alone tends to lead to the (approximately) Gaussian decay of coherence while the overlap alone results in a (largely) exponential decay. We show that these two contributions combine as a convolution, their relative importance controlled by the strength of the system-environment coupling. The resulting decoherence factor in the strong and weak coupling limits leads to predominantly Gaussian or exponential decay, respectively, as is demonstrated with two paradigmatic examples of decoherence—a spin-bath model and the quantum Brownian motion.
Lifshitz transitions and hybrid Weyl points in RbAg5Se3
Authors: Fan Xuejia , Lu Yiming , Liu Jian , Ma Xikui , Sun Lei , Li Yangyang , Zhao Mingwen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We explore the topological phase transitions of RbAg5Se3 using first-principles calculations in combination with the maximally localized Wannier function method. Our computations reveal that the type-II Dirac cone in RbAg5Se3 protected by the inversion and time-inversion (PT) symmetry in addition to the C4z rotation symmetry can be regulated to type-III and type-I Dirac points by applying strain along the [001] direction. More interestingly, when the inversion symmetry is lifted by intercalating a Pt atom into the unit cell, sixteen hybrid Weyl points emerge accompanied by the Fermi arcs connecting the adjacent Brillouin zones and surface states on the (010) surface. The type-II Weyl point has the chirality of 1, while the type-I Weyl point has the chirality of −1. Our work suggests that RbAg5Se3 serves as a promising platform for study of topological phases transitions with curious transport phenomena.
Kinetic theory of dust ion-acoustic waves in the presence of hybrid Cairns-Tsallis distributed electrons
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Rehman Aman Ur , Mahmood Shahzad , Shahzad Muhammad Ahsan , Sarfraz Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
On the basis of well-known kinetic theory, the dispersion properties and Landau damping rate of dust ion-acoustic waves (DIAWs), with hybrid non-thermal Cairns-Tsallis distributed (CTD) electrons, Maxwellian distributed ions and static charged dust particles (positively and negatively), in non-thermal dusty plasmas are investigated. The novel features of normalized real frequency (ω

r
/ω

pi
) and damping rate (γ/ω

pi
) of DIAWs are introduced with the incorporation of different physical parameters, such as electron-to-ion temperature ratio (θ

e,i
), normalized wave number

(
k

λ

D

e

)
,

dust concentration (Λ), and the simultaneous effects of non-extensivity q and non-thermality α, for both super-extensive (q < 1) and sub-extensive (q > 1) cases. It is found that these parameters influence the dispersion relation and damping rate along with the presence of positively and negatively charged dust. The coexistence of α and q reveals that the phase velocity of DIAWs increases by increasing the value of non-thermality and decreasing the value of non-extensivity parameters for both q < 1 and q > 1 cases. On the other hand, the reverse trend is observed for the Landau damping rate i.e., DIAWs exhibits weak damping by increasing the value of (α) and decreasing the value (q) in both super-extensive and sub-extensive plasmas. A comparison of dispersion properties and damping rate in both q < 1 and q > 1 cases is also highlighted. The present findings also compared with the limiting cases i.e. Cairns, q-nonextensive and Maxwellian distributions. This study is effectively applicable for such space and laboratory environments where the non-thermal dusty plasma exists.
First-principles study on the mechanical, electronic and optical properties of double halide perovskite Cs2TlSbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Tang Tianyu , Hu Deyuan , Zhao Xianhao , Li Li , Tang Yanlin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The basic physical properties including electronic, mechanical and optical properties of Cs2TlSbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) are studied by the first principle calculation. The structural stability can be determined by the tolerance factor, formation energy and elastic stability criterion. The results show that these materials are all ductile and suitable for flexible or wearable devices. The direct bandgap values of 1.900eV, 1.583eV and 1.170eV are obtained for Cs2TlSbCl6, Cs2TlSbBr6 and Cs2TlSbI6, respectively, which are in the recommended band gap range of semiconductors with photoelectric applications. Compared with other widely applied perovskite materials, the effective masses of Cs2TlSbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) materials are smaller, which is beneficial to the carrier transport and helps to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices. In addition, the exploration of optical properties shows that Cs2TlSbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites have a promising application in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
Etching rate of silicon nanowires with highly doped silicon during metal-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Li Haibin , Kato Shinya , Soga Tetsuo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The fabrication of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has been widely studied in a variety of fields. SiNWs by high-doped silicon are potential materials to be applied in thermoelectric, lithium-ion batteries and sensors. However, existing studies on the etching characteristics of high-doped silicon are limited and miSunderstandings are existing. In this study, through the comparison of three types of silicon with different concentrations, it was found that the loss of SiNWs by low-doped and medium-doped was little but the loss for high-doped silicon was significant. Contrary to existing reports, we clarify that the etching rate of high-doped silicon was the highest among them through measurements and calculations, although the observed length was the smallest. The differences between supposed generated SiNWs and measured SiNWs can be assumed as the lateral etching of high-doped silicon. In addition, the cluster morphology of high-doped silicon also suggested severe lateral etching. Therefore, the etching characteristics of high-doped silicon and the mechanism need to be re-understood to control reactions and obtain expected SiNWs.
A novel Granzymes and miRNA nanocapsules co-delivery system for tumor suppression
Authors: Shi Zhendong , Zhao Ming , Lin Tianyu , Chen Jiajia , Qian Xiaomin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Granzymes-based immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors has gained great success and played more and more important effect in clinical studies. However, the antitumor effect of Granzymes still requires improvements owing to the cell evasion and metastasis of cancer. To overcome these limitations, synergistic combinatorial anti-tumor effect of Granzyme B (GrB) and miR-21 inhibitor (miR-21i) for breast cancer therapy through a new co-delivery system was investigated in present study. GrB was covalently bonded with miR-21i by disulfide bond and encapsulated in a nanocapsule formed by in situ polymerization of N -(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide (APM), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). The nanocapsules possessed spherical and uniform diameter size as well as pH responsiveness in various environments. MTT and flow cytometry analysis showed that a synergistic anti-proliferation and promoting apoptosis effect was achieved when the nanocapsules were added into breast cancer cell lines. More importantly, the cell evasion ability was markedly inhibited using the nanocapusles detected through transwell invasion assay. Also the in vivo anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy of GrB-miR-21i nanocapusles was evaluated in a mouse tumor model. In conclusion, the nanocapsules for simultaneously delivery of GrB and miR-21i produce a synergistic effect in human breast cancer therapy.
Biodegradable scaffolds based on plant stems for application in regenerative medicine
Authors: Ferranti Carolina Costa , Alves Eduardo Donato , Lopes Camila Soares , Montrezor Luís Henrique , Carvalho Antonio José Felix , Cerri Paulo Sérgio , Trovatti Eliane 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Several synthetic and natural materials have been studied for the confection of temporary grafts for application in regenerative medicine, however, the development of a material with adequate properties remains a challenge, mainly because its degradation kinetics in biological systems. Nature provides materials with noble properties that can be used as such for many applications, thus, taking advantage of the available morphology and assembled structures of plants, we propose to study the vegetable stems for use as temporary graft. Since the in vivo degradation is maybe one of the most important features of the temporary grafts, here we have implanted the plant stems from pumpkin, papaya, and castor into the subepithelial tissue of animals and followed their biodegradation process and the local inflammatory response. Mechanical tests, FTIR and contact angle with water were also analysed. The results indicated the mechanical properties and the contact angle were adequate for use in regenerative medicine. The results of the in vivo studies indicated a beneficial inflammatory process and a gradual disintegration of the materials within 60 days, suggesting the plants stems as new and potential materials for development of grafts for use in the field of regenerative medicine.
Injection Adipocytolysis for Body and Jawline Contouring: Real-World Experience and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Shridharani Sachin M , Tisch Grace M , Kennedy MacKenzie L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The role of ATX-101 in submental fat reduction has been well documented; however, its applicability across multiple anatomic areas is to be explored.

Objectives
The authors sought to describe the experience with ATX-101 subcutaneous injections for body and jawline contouring and evaluate its safety.

Methods
This single-arm, single-center observational study included 201 patients who underwent injection adipocytolysis with ATX-101 (area-adjusted dose of 2 mg/cm2) in the jowl, abdomen (upper/lower), thigh (inner/outer/banana roll), arm, anterior periaxillary fat, back (lower/upper/nape/lipoma), knee (anterior/medial), chest, and/or neck. The number of treatment sessions, treatment volumes, doses, injections required for each anatomic area, and associated adverse events were recorded.

Results
The mean number of treatment sessions conducted was 1.8. Multiple sessions were common for the jowl (mean: 2.0 and mean volume administered varied significantly between persons receiving 1 or multiple sessions [P = 0.005]). The mean volume and mean number of injections per session were highest in the chest (84.7 mL and 423.5, respectively) and lowest in the jowl (0.8 mL and 4.6, respectively). The chest (0.2 mL) and nape (0.2 mL) received the highest mean ATX-101 dose per injection site per session, whereas the inner thigh (0.11 mL) and upper back (0.11 mL) received the least. Adverse events observed were localized to the injection site. All patients experienced edema after each session, whereas numbness, tenderness, bruising, and paresis were experienced by 99.6%, 94.2%, 33.1%, and 2.6% of patients, respectively. Alopecia was not observed.

Conclusions
ATX-101 was well tolerated for body and jawline contouring.

Level of Evidence: 4
Real-Time Whole Genome Sequencing to Guide Patient-Tailored Therapy of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Snell Luke B , Alcolea-Medina Adela , Charalampous Themoula , Alder Christopher , Williams Tom G S , Flaviani Flavia , Batra Rahul , Bakrania Prijay , Thangarajah Rajeni , Neil Stuart J D , van Nispen tot Pannerden Claire , Botgros Alina , Aarons Emma , Douthwaite Samuel T , Edgeworth Jonathan D , Nebbia Gaia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe management of coronavirus disease 2019 has become more complex due to the expansion of available therapies. The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants and mutations further complicates treatment due to their differing susceptibilities to therapies. Here we outline the use of real-time whole genome sequencing to detect persistent infection, evaluate for mutations confering resistance to treatments, and guide treatment decisions.
The effect of a postpartum intrauterine device programme on choice of contraceptive method in Tanzania: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Senderowicz Leigh , Sokol Natasha , Pearson Erin , Francis Joel , Ulenga Nzovu , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vertical global health programmes often evaluate success with a narrow focus on programmatic outcomes. However, evaluation of broader patient-centred and unintended outcomes is critical to assess impacts on patient choice and autonomy. Here, we evaluate the effects of a postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) intervention on outcomes related to contraceptive method choice. The stepped-wedge cluster randomized contolled trial (RCT) took place in five Tanzanian hospitals. Hospitals were randomized to receive immediate (Group 1; n = 11 483 participants) or delayed (Group 2; n = 8148 participants) intervention. The intervention trained providers on PPIUD insertion and counselling. The evaluation surveyed eligible women (18+, resided in Tanzania, gave birth at a study hospital) on provider postpartum contraceptive counselling during pregnancy or immediately postpartum. In our completed study, participants were considered exposed (n = 9786) or unexposed (n = 10 145) to the intervention based on the location and timing of their birth (no blinding). Our secondary analysis examined differences by intervention exposure on the likelihood of being counselled on IUD only, multiple methods, multiple method durations, a broad method mix; and on the number of methods women were counselled across two samples: all eligible women, and only women who reported receiving any contraceptive counselling. Among all eligible women, counselling on the IUD alone was 7% points higher among the exposed (95% confidence interal (CI): 0.02, 0.12). Among women who received any counselling, those exposed to the intervention were counselled on 1.12 fewer contraceptive methods (95% CI: 0.10, 2.34). The likelihood of receiving counselling on any non-IUD method decreased among those exposed, while the likelihood of being counselled on an IUD alone was 14% points higher among the exposed (95% CI: 0.06, 0.22), suggesting this intervention increased IUD-specific counselling but reduced informed contraceptive choice. These findings underscore the importance of broad metrics that capture autonomy and rights (in addition to programmatic goals) at all stages of health programme planning and implementation.
Malate metabolism mediated by the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase gene MdcyMDH affects sucrose synthesis in apple fruit
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Wang Changzhi , Jia Runpu , Yang Nanxiang , Jin Ling , Zhu Lingcheng , Ma Baiquan , Yao Yu-xin , Ma Fengwang , Li Mingjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The types and proportions of soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit significantly affect flavor quality. However, there are few reports on the crosstalk regulation between metabolism of organic acid and sugar in fruit. Here, we found that the overexpression of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase genes (MdcyMDHs) not only increased the malate content but also increased the sucrose concentration in transgenic apple calli and mature fruit. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the overexpression of MdcyMDH1 and MdcyMDH5 enhanced sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in transgenic materials. RNA-seq and expression analysis showed that the expression levels of SPS genes were up-regulated in MdcyMDH1-overexpressed apple fruit and MdcyMDH5-overexpressed apple calli. Further study showed that the inhibition of MdSPSB2 or MdSPSC2 expression in MdcyMDH1 transgenic fruit could reduce or eliminate, respectively, the positive effect of MdcyMDH1 on sucrose accumulation. Moreover, some starch cleavage-related genes (MdBAM6.1/6.2, MdBMY8.1/8.2, MdISA1) and the key gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase MdPEPCK1 gene were significantly up-regulated in the transcriptome differentially expressed genes of mature fruit overexpressing MdcyMDH1. These results indicate that alteration of malate metabolism mediated by MdcyMDH might regulate the expression of MdSPSs and SPS activity via affecting starch metabolism or gluconeogenesis, and thus accelerate sucrose synthesis and accumulation in fruit.
CsGDH2.1 negatively regulates theanine accumulation in late-spring tea plants (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis)
Authors: Chen Tingting , Ma Jingzhen , Li Huiping , Lin Shijia , Dong Chunxia , Xie Yunxia , Yan Xiaomei , Zhang Shupei , Yang Tianyuan , Wan Xiaochun , Zhang Zhaoliang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Theanine, a unique and the most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea plants, endows tea infusion with the umami taste and anti-stress effects. Its content in tea correlates highly with green tea quality. Theanine content in new shoots of tea plants is high in mid-spring and greatly decreases in late spring. However, how the decrease is regulated is largely unknown. In a genetic screening, we observed that a yeast mutant, glutamate dehydrolase 2 (gdh2), was hypersensitive to 40 mM theanine and accumulated more theanine. This result implied a role of CsGDH2s in theanine accumulation in tea plants. Therefore, we identified the two homologs of GDH2, CsGDH2.1 and CsGDH2.2, in tea plants. Yeast complementation assay showed that the expression of CsGDH2.1 in yeast gdh2 mutant rescued the theanine hypersensitivity and hyperaccumulation of this mutant. Subcellular localization and tissue-specific expression showed CsGDH2.1 localized in the mitochondria and highly expressed in young tissues. Importantly, CsGDH2.1 expression was low in early spring, and increased significantly in late spring, in the new shoots of tea plants. These results all support the idea that CsGDH2.1 regulates theanine accumulation in the new shoots. Moreover, the in vitro enzyme assay showed that CsGDH2.1 had glutamate catabolic activity, and knockdown of CsGDH2.1 expression increased glutamate and theanine accumulation in the new shoots of tea plants. These findings suggested that CsGDH2.1-mediated glutamate catabolism negatively regulates theanine accumulation in the new shoots in late spring, and provides a functional gene for improving late-spring green tea quality.