bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantity and variety of fruit and vegetable intake in midlife and cognitive impairment in late life: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sheng Li-Ting , Jiang Yi-Wen , Alperet Derrick Johnston , Feng Lei , Pan An , Koh Woon-Puay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is limited evidence on fruit and vegetable intake in relation to cognitive function. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake in midlife with cognitive impairment in late life. We used data from 16 737 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort study. The participants provided dietary data at recruitment at median age of 52·5 (range: 45–74) years and also participated in the third follow-up interview 20 years later at median age of 72·2 (range: 61–96) years. Quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables consumed at baseline were measured using a validated FFQ. Cognitive impairment at the third follow-up was defined using a Singapore-modified version of Mini-Mental State Examination. About 14·3 % participants had cognitive impairment. In multivariable logistic regression models, comparing extreme quartiles for intake of fruits and vegetables combined, the OR (95 % CI) associated with cognitive impairment was 0·83 (95 % CI: 0·73, 0·95; P-trend = 0·006) for quantity and 0·76 (95 % CI: 0·67, 0·87; P-trend< 0·001) for variety scores. Independently, those with increased variety of fruit intake or higher quantity of vegetable intake also had significantly 22 % and 15 % reduced odds of cognitive impairment, respectively. Finally, compared with those with low intake for both quantity and variety, those with both high quantity and variety for fruits and vegetables had 23 % reduction in odds of cognitive impairment. In conclusion, increase in quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables in midlife may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in late life.
The Politics of Time: The Sewŏl Ferry Disaster and the Disaster of Democracy
Authors: Park Hyun Ok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe vanishing critique of capitalism within the Sewŏl movement for truth finding has revealed the bare face of the current democratic order and its rule of law. This article presents the Sewŏl movement as the bellwether, in a synchronic sense, of the Candlelight Protests that have become a modality of direct action in South Korea. I seek to contribute to our understanding of the life politics that has become a key marker of struggles against the state-capital network since the 2000s. I ascribe the antinomies of truth finding and mourning and of massacre and accident in the Sewŏl movement to the democratic collective unconscious that regards the 1987 moment in South Korea as an irrevocable rupture from dictatorship to democracy. The Sewŏl movement illuminates how the axes of organization and spontaneity and of reformism and revolution in the Candlelight Protest movement are not so much binaries, or oppositions, as hieroglyphic signs of the democratic unconscious and its excesses that contest the temporalizations of the capitalist present.
Robust Lyapunov-based motion control of a redundant upper limb cable-driven rehabilitation robot
Authors: Seyfi Niloufar Sadat , Keymasi Khalaji Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research presents an upper limb cable-driven rehabilitating robot with one degree of redundancy to improve the movements of the injured. A spatial trajectory is planned through the joint limit avoidance approach to apply the limits of the joint angles, which is a new method for trajectory planning of joints with an allowed definite interval. Firstly, a Lyapunov-based control is applied to the robot with taking uncertainty and disturbances into consideration. To derive the best responses of the system with considering uncertainty and disturbances, a novel robust tracking controller, namely a computed-torque-like with independent-joint compensation, is introduced. The mentioned new robust controller has not been applied to any cable robot which is the novelty of this paper to derive a superior output and the robustness of the given approach. Stability analysis of both controllers is demonstrated and the outputs of the controllers are compared for an exact three-dimensional motion planning and desirable cable forces. Eventually, the proposed novel controller revealed a better function in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances with about 28.21% improvement in tracking errors and 69.22% improvement in the required cable forces as control inputs, which is a considerable figure.
QUASI-ISOMETRIC EMBEDDINGS INAPPROXIMABLE BY ANOSOV REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: Tsouvalas Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe construct examples of quasi-isometric embeddings of word hyperbolic groups into
$\mathsf {SL}(d,\mathbb {R})$
for
$d \geq 4$
which are not limits of Anosov representations into
$\mathsf {SL}(d,\mathbb {R})$
. As a consequence, we conclude that an analogue of the density theorem for
$\mathsf {PSL}(2,\mathbb {C})$
does not hold for
$\mathsf {SL}(d,\mathbb {R})$
when
$d \geq 4$
.
Clinicians’ practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning in mainland China: A multicenter cross-sectional survey
Authors: Cai Siyu , Wang Xianjing , Wang Ruixin , Zhou Yuchen , Zhou Xuan , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to explore clinicians’ practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning (ACP) in mainland China.MethodsThis study was a multicenter cross-sectional survey. Clinicians from tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Guangxi, and Inner Mongolia were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire was formulated based on related literature to obtain information including demographic characteristics, and practices and attitudes toward ACP.ResultsThe total number of participants included 285 clinicians. The data response rate was 84.57%. Most of the clinicians had an inadequate understanding of ACP. Only a few clinicians had experience in participating or witnessing an ACP or related end-of-life discussions. Among 285 clinicians, 69.82% of clinicians were willing to introduce ACP to patients. Two hundred and thirty-eight (83.51%) clinicians wanted more education on ACP. Almost all clinicians believed that patients had the right to know about their diagnosis, prognosis, and available care options. Most clinicians (82.11%) regarded that ACP was partially feasible in mainland China. If clinicians had a serious illness, almost everyone was willing to find out their true health status and decide for themselves, and 81.40% wanted to institute an ACP for themselves. The biggest barriers to the use of ACP in mainland China were cultural factors. Statistical analysis revealed that some or good understanding level (P = 0.0052) and practical experience (P = 0.0127) of ACP were associated with the positive willingness.Significance of resultsACP is still in its infancy in mainland China. Clinicians had inadequate understanding and minimal exposure to ACP. Most clinicians recognized the value and significance of ACP and had a positive attitude toward ACP. Clinicians need to be provided with education and training to promote their ACP practices. Culturally appropriate ACP processes and documents need to be developed based on Chinese culture and Chinese needs.
Unravelling the Myth of Gandhian Non-violence: Why Did Gandhi Connect His Principle ofSatyāgrahawith the “Hindu” Notion ofAhiṃsā?
Authors: Hazama Eijiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to unearth the genealogy of M. K. Gandhi's “non-violence,” the cardinal principle ofsatyāgraha. Previous works considered that Gandhi's concept of non-violence was essentially derived from the “ancient” Hindu–Jain precept ofahiṃsā(non-killing) common in the subcontinent. On the contrary, I will, by examining Gandhi's primary texts in Gujarati, Hindi, and English, demonstrate the following: (1) during Gandhi's sojourn in South Africa (1893–1914) where he led his firstsatyāgrahacampaign, he never associated the termahiṃsāwithsatyāgraha; (2) his satyāgraha campaign was initially explained with the trans-religious and cosmopolitan concepts of Tolstoy and thenirguṇ bhaktas; (3) Gandhi first began to use the termahiṃsāas a nationalist slogan linked withsatyāgrahaimmediately after his return to India in 1915; (4) the English translation ofahiṃsāas “non-violence” was eventually coined by Gandhi after 1919 during his all-Indiasatyāgrahacampaign.
Peasants’ Rights as New Human Rights: Promises and Concerns for Agrobiodiversity Conservation
Authors: LOKHANDWALA Zainab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgrobiodiversity conservation is vital for food security, maintaining ecological balance, and preserving socio-cultural norms. There is substantial evidence to support that agrobiodiversity hotspots coincide with localized, small-scale peasant food systems. Preserving such food systems is necessary for protecting agrobiodiversity. The current legal framework over agrobiodiversity is fragmented and inadequate. A major portion of this framework is situated within intellectual property law and farmers’ rights law, neither of which are designed to foster sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. In this context, the 2018 Peasants’ Rights Declaration has the potential to fill the gaps in the existing framework. The paper critically analyses the Declaration by exploring some of its legal innovations in improving agrobiodiversity conservation. While some of these innovations are commendable, they are unlikely to be adopted by states owing to their radical nature. Their adoption would require a massive overhaul of the existing agricultural model and power structures embedded within it.
Nitrogen Sources for Phytoplankton in the Eastern Indian Ocean Determined From δ15N of Chlorophyll a and Divinylchlorophyll a
Authors: Isaji Yuta , Yoshikawa C. , Ogawa N. O. , Matsumoto K. , Makabe A. , Toyoda S. , Ishikawa N. F. , Ogawa H. , Saito H. , Honda M. C. , Ohkouchi N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNitrogen isotope analysis of chloropigments provides information on the sources of nitrogenous nutrients assimilated by phytoplankton. The abundant, ubiquitous chlorophyll a records nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ15N) of eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, whereas more source‐specific chloropigments, such as the divinylchlorophylls exclusively possessed by the marine picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, can potentially resolve isotopic variability within the phytoplankton community. In this study, we analyzed the δ15N of both chlorophyll a and divinylchlorophyll a isolated from suspended particulate material collected at the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) along a meridional transect at 88°E in the oligotrophic eastern Indian Ocean. The nitrogen isotopic compositions of Prochlorococcus (δ15NPRO) and the combined biomass of eukaryotic phytoplankton and Synechococcus (δ15NEU+SYN) estimated from the δ15N of divinylchlorophyll a and chlorophyll a, respectively, revealed systematic variations that were not apparent from bulk isotope measurements. Whereas consistently low δ15NPRO indicated reliance of Prochlorococcus on regenerated nitrogen throughout the transect, elevation in δ15NEU+SYN values at several stations was interpreted to reflect assimilation of subsurface NO3− by eukaryotic phytoplankton. The δ15N distributions revealed subtle differences in NO3− availability at the SCM along the transect, which were consistently explained by the occurrence of mesoscale eddies in the Bay of Bengal, deepening of the mixed layer induced by a seasonal Wyrtki Jet in the equatorial region, and substantial deepening of the nutricline in the South Indian Ocean gyre. Our results highlight the utility of compound‐specific isotopic measurements of multiple species of chlorophylls in obtaining essential non‐incubation‐based biogeochemical constraints on the primary production in the ocean.
Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Eastern United States
Authors: Chai Chengping , Ammon Charles J. , Maceira Monica , Herrmann Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Eastern United States (EUS) has a complex geological history and hosts several seismic active regions. We investigate the subsurface structure beneath the broader EUS. To produce reliable images of the subsurface, we simultaneously invert smoothed P‐wave receiver functions, Rayleigh‐wave phase and group velocity measurements, and Bouguer gravity observations for the 3D shear‐wave speed. Using surface‐wave observations (3–250 s) and spatially smoothed receiver functions, our velocity models are robust, reliable, and rich in detail. The shear‐wave velocity models fit all three types of observations well. The resulting velocity model for the eastern U.S. shows thinner crust beneath New England, the east coast, and the Mississippi Embayment (ME). A relatively thicker crust was found beneath the stable North America craton. A relatively slower upper mantle was imaged beneath New England, the east coast, and western ME. A comparison of crust thickness derived from our model against four recent published models shows first‐order consistency. A relatively small upper mantle low‐speed region correlates with a published P‐wave analysis that has associated the anomaly with a 75 Ma kimberlite volcanic site in Kentucky. We also explored the relationship between the subsurface structure and seismicity in the eastern U.S. We found that earthquakes often locate near regions with seismic velocity variations, but not universally. Not all regions of significant subsurface wave speed changes are loci of seismicity. A weak correlation between upper mantle shear velocity and earthquake focal mechanism has been observed.
The Impact of a Reduced High‐Wind Charnock Parameter on Wave Growth With Application to the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Breivik Øyvind , Carrasco Ana , Haakenstad Hilde , Aarnes Ole Johan , Behrens Arno , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Björkqvist Jan‐Victor , Bohlinger Patrik , Furevik Birgitte R. , Staneva Joanna , Reistad Magnar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs atmospheric models move to higher resolution and resolve smaller scales, the maximum modeled wind speed also tends to increase. Wave models tuned to coarser wind fields tend to overestimate the wave growth under strong winds. A recently developed semiempirical parameterization of the Charnock parameter, which controls the roughness length over surface waves, substantially reduces the aerodynamic drag of waves in high winds (above a threshold of 30 m s−1). Here, we apply the formulation in a recent version of the wave model WAM (Cycle 4.7), which uses a modified version of the physics parameterizations by Ardhuin et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4324.1) as well as subgrid obstructions for better performance around complex topography. The new Charnock formulation is tested with wind forcing from NORA3, a recently completed nonhydrostatic atmospheric downscaling of the global reanalysis ERA5 for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. Such high‐resolution atmospheric model integrations tend to have stronger (and more realistic) upper‐percentile winds than what is typically found in coarser atmospheric models. A 2‐year comparison (2011–2012) of a control run against the run with the modified Charnock parameter shows a dramatic reduction of the wave height bias in high‐wind cases. The added computational cost of the new physics and the reduction of the Charnock parameter compared to the earlier WAM physics is modest (14%). A longer (1998–2020) hindcast integration with the new Charnock parameter is found to compare well against in situ and altimeter wave measurements both for intermediate and high sea states.
Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate
Authors: Viltres Renier , Jónsson Sigurjón , Alothman Abdulaziz O. , Liu Shaozhuo , Leroy Sylvie , Masson Frédéric , Doubre Cécile , Reilinger Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present‐day motions in and around the Arabian plate involve a broad spectrum of tectonic processes including plate subduction, continental collision, seafloor spreading, intraplate magmatism, and continental transform faulting. Therefore, good constraints on the relative plate rates and directions, and on possible intraplate deformation, are crucial to assess the seismic hazard at the boundaries of the Arabian plate and areas within it. Here we combine GNSS‐derived velocities from 168 stations located on the Arabian plate with a regional kinematic block model to provide updated estimates of the present‐day motion and internal deformation of the plate. A single Euler pole at 50.93 ± 0.15°N, 353.91 ± 0.25°E with a rotation rate of 0.524 ± 0.001°/Ma explains well almost all the GNSS station velocities relative to the ITRF14 reference frame, confirming the large‐scale rigidity of the plate. Internal strain rates at the plate‐wide scale (∼0.4 nanostrain/yr) fall within the limits for stable plate interiors, indicating that differential motions are compensated for internally, which further supports the coherent rigid motion of the Arabian plate at present. At a smaller scale, however, we identified several areas within the plate that accommodate strain rates of up to ∼8 nanostrain/yr. Anthropogenic activity and possible subsurface magmatic activity near the western margin of the Arabian plate are likely responsible for the observed local internal deformation. Put together, our results show a remarkable level of stability for the Arabian lithosphere, which can withstand the long‐term load forces associated with active continental collision in the northeast and breakup to the southwest with minimal internal deformation.
Hydrogeophysical Inversion of Time‐Lapse ERT Data to Determine Hillslope Subsurface Hydraulic Properties
Authors: Pleasants M. S. , Neves F. dos A. , Parsekian A. D. , Befus K. M. , Kelleners T. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTime‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data are increasingly used to inform the hydrologic dynamics of mountainous environments at the hillslope scale. Despite their popularity and recent advancements in hydrogeophysical inversion methods, few studies have shown how time‐lapse ERT data can be used to determine hydraulic parameters of subsurface water flow models. This study uses synthetic and field‐collected, hillslope‐scale, time‐lapse ERT data to determine subsurface hydraulic properties of a two‐layer, physics‐based, 2‐D vertical flow model with predefined layer and boundary locations. Uncoupled and coupled hydrogeophysical inversion methods are combined with a fine‐earth fraction optimization scheme to reduce the number of parameters needing calibration and interpret the influence of the hydraulic parameters on the hydrologic model predictions. Inversions of synthetic ERT data recover the prescribed fine‐earth fraction bulk density to within 0.1 g cm−3. Field‐collected ERT data from a mountain hillslope result in hydrologic model dynamics that are consistent with previous studies and measured water content data but struggle to capture measured groundwater levels. The uncoupled hydrogeophysical inversion method is more sensitive to changes in hydraulic parameter values of the lower hydrologic model layer than the coupled hydrogeophysical inversion method. Time series of minimum objective function value simulations indicate that periodically collected ERT data may recover hydraulic parameters to a similar level of uncertainty as daily ERT data. Using simple hydrologic model domains within hydrogeophysical inversions shows promise for providing reasonable hydrologic predictions while maintaining relatively simple calibration schemes and should be explored further in future studies.
Three‐Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Cryo‐Hydrogeological Processes in a River‐Talik System in a Continuous Permafrost Environment
Authors: Liu Weibo , Fortier Richard , Molson John , Lemieux Jean‐Michel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn continuous permafrost environments, understanding complex river‐talik system dynamics is fundamental for the sustainable use of talik aquifers as a source of drinking water in remote communities. A conceptual model of a river‐talik system was previously developed based on field investigations in the floodplain of the Kuuguluk River at Salluit, Nunavik (Quebec), Canada, including geophysical surveys and monitoring of hydraulic heads and riverbed temperatures. This conceptual model is here used to develop a 3D numerical model for simulating the governing cryo‐hydrogeological processes and dynamic system behavior. The numerical simulations, supported by the field data, show that the width and thickness of the river talik is highly correlated to the width of the overlying riverbed. In summer, the river talik is hydraulically connected to the riverbed, and groundwater from the talik aquifer is contributing to river baseflow. In winter, when the river and riverbed freeze, the river talik becomes hydraulically isolated from the riverbed. Under such conditions, the river talik acts as a tube‐like conduit system which focusses groundwater flow. Increasing hydraulic heads at constrictions in the talik can be sufficient to fracture the frozen riverbed and ice cover, leading to groundwater overflows and icing formation. This study presents an integrated field and modeling approach for assessing the potential of talik aquifers as reliable sources of drinking water in northern communities.
Arraying of microphotosynthetic power cells for enhanced power output
Authors: Kuruvinashetti Kiran , Packirisamy Muthukumaran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicrophotosynthetic power cells (µPSCs) generate power through the exploitation of living photosynthetic microorganisms by harvesting sunlight. The thermodynamic limitations of this process restrict the power output of a single µPSC. Herein, we demonstrate µPSCs in four different array configurations to enhance power output from these power cells. To this effect, six µPSCs were arrayed in series, parallel, and combinations of series and parallel configurations. Each µPSC was injected with a 2 mL liquid culture of photosynthetic microorganisms (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) in the anode and 2 mL of 25% (w/v) electron acceptor potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) in the cathode. The combinations of µPSCs connected in series and parallel generated higher power than the individual series and parallel configurations. The combinations of six µPSCs connected in series and in parallel produced a high power density of 1914 mWm−2 in the presence of white fluorescent light illumination at 20 µEm−2s−1. Furthermore, to realize the array strategy for real-time applications, a 1.7 V/2 mA rating light-emitting diode (LED) was powered by combinations of series and parallel array configurations. The results indicate the reliability of µPSCs to produce electricity from photosynthetic microorganisms for low-power applications. In addition, the results suggest that a combination of microlevel photosynthetic cells in array format represents a powerful optimal design strategy to enhance the power output from µPSCs.