bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMplementing Predictive Analytics towards efficient COPD Treatments (IMPACT): Protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized impact study
Authors: Michaux Kristina D. , Metcalfe Rebecca K. , Conklin Annalijn I. , Hoens Alison M. , Smith Daniel , Struik Laura , Safari Abdollah , Sin Don D. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Personalized disease management informed by quantitative risk prediction has the potential to improve patient care and outcomes. The integration of risk prediction into clinical workflow should be informed by the experiences and preferences of stakeholders, and the impact of such integration should be evaluated in prospective comparative studies.The objectives of the IMplementing Predictive Analytics towards efficient Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Treatments (IMPACT) study are to integrate an exacerbation risk prediction tool into routine care and to determine its impact on prescription appropriateness (primary outcome), medication adherence, quality of life, exacerbation rates, and sex- and gender-disparities in COPD care (secondary outcomes).Methods: IMPACT will be conducted in two phases. Phase one will include the systematic and user-centered development of two decision support tools: 1) a decision tool for pulmonologists called the ACCEPT decision intervention (ADI), which combines risk prediction from the previously developed Acute COPD Exacerbation Prediction Tool with treatment algorithms recommended by the Canadian Thoracic Society’s COPD pharmacotherapy guidelines; and 2) an information pamphlet for COPD patients (patient tool), tailored to their prescribed medication, clinical needs, and lung function. In phase two, we will conduct a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in two outpatient respiratory clinics to evaluate the impact of the decision support tools on quality of care and patient outcomes. Clusters will be practicing pulmonologists (n≥24), who will progressively switch to the intervention over 18 months. At the end of the study, a qualitative process evaluation will be carried out to determine the barriers and enablers of uptake of the tools.Discussion: The IMPACT study coincides with a planned harmonization of electronic health record systems across tertiary care centers in British Columbia, Canada. The harmonization of these systems combined with IMPACT’s implementation-oriented design and partnership with stakeholders will facilitate integration of the tools into routine care, if the results of the proposed study reveal positive association with improvement in the process and outcomes of clinical care. The process evaluation at the end of the trial will inform subsequent design iterations before largescale implementation. Trial registration: NCT05309356.
On the precursor times of thermal infrared radiation anomalies before earthquakes in Taiwan
Authors: WANG JEEN-HWA 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Twenty-seven Taiwan’s earthquakes with local magnitudes ML=5.6−7.3 and focal depths d=8.0−215.8 km were proceeded by the thermal infrared radiation (TIR) anomalies. The data set is good for us to explore the precursor times and mechanisms of TIR. Let TD and TN be the largest number of days when the anomalies observed in the day-time and the night-time, respectively. The precursor time, T, for an event is the larger value of TD and TN. The data points of T versus ML and those of TD versus ML are scattered. Regardless of two data points with abnormally large TN values, a positive correlation seems able to be recognized from the data points of TN versus ML. Among the 27 earthquakes, 8 events were proceeded by Rn concentration changes with precursor times TRn=7.4−171 days. For most of the 8 events, TRn is much longer than either TD or TN. Hence, the model of outflow of gases from the depths to the ground surface seems unable to interpret the TIR anomalies. Based on rock mechanics experiments, the temperature rise, ΔT, is generated by frictional heating due to preseismic slip. That the TIR anomalies discontinuously appeared before earthquakes and the occurrence times vary for different events might be due to the generation of frictional heating caused by preseismic slip on a few shallow sub-faults in the source areas before the earthquakes.
FCHM-Stream: Fast Closed High Utility Itemsets Mining over Data Streams
Authors: Li Muhang , Han Meng , Chen Zhiqiang , Wu Hongxin , Zhang Xilong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the data stream scenarios such as the Internet of Things and network click streams, the high-speed, continuous, and endless characteristics of data stream make it a challenging task to quickly mine high utility itemsets in limited memory space. In the data stream scenario, the sliding window model has received extensive research and attention because of its emphasis on recent data. However, in the sliding window model, adjacent windows have a large number of communal batches resulting in a large set of identical itemsets in the resultsets of adjacent windows. At the same time, to provide users with a concise and lossless resultset, a novel algorithm is proposed for mining closed high utility itemsets from data streams, named FCHM-Stream. The algorithm devises a new utility list structure based on batch division. It presents a resultset maintenance strategy based on the skip-list structure to quickly and effectively update the resultset when the window slides which can effectively avoid repeated mining of redundant itemsets. Moreover, various experiments are carried out to compare our method with state-of-the-art algorithms both in static and stream environments. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the running time compared to previous algorithms.
Explainable machine learning methods and respiratory oscillometry for the diagnosis of respiratory abnormalities in sarcoidosis
Authors: de Lima Allan Danilo , Lopes Agnaldo J. , Amaral Jorge Luis Machado do , de Melo Pedro Lopes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn this work, we developed many machine learning classifiers to assist in diagnosing respiratory changes associated with sarcoidosis, based on results from the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT), a non-invasive method used to assess pulmonary mechanics. In addition to accurate results, there is a particular interest in their interpretability and explainability, so we used Genetic Programming since the classification is made with intelligible expressions and we also evaluate the feature importance in different experiments to find the more discriminative features. Methodology/Principal findingsWe used genetic programming in its traditional tree form and a grammar-based form. To check if interpretable results are competitive, we compared their performance to K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and Logistic Regressor. We also performed experiments with fuzzy features and tested a feature selection technique to bring even more interpretability. The data used to feed the classifiers come from the FOT exams in 72 individuals, of which 25 were healthy, and 47 were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Among the latter, 24 showed normal conditions by spirometry, and 23 showed respiratory changes. The results achieved high accuracy (AUC>0.90) in two analyses performed (controls vs. individuals with sarcoidosis and normal spirometry and controls vs. individuals with sarcoidosis and altered spirometry). Genetic Programming and Grammatical Evolution were particularly beneficial because they provide intelligible expressions to make the classification. The observation of which features were selected most frequently also brought explainability to the study of sarcoidosis. ConclusionsThe proposed system may provide decision support for clinicians when they are struggling to give a confirmed clinical diagnosis. Clinicians may reference the prediction results and make better decisions, improving the productivity of pulmonary function services by AI-assisted workflow.
The association between physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and patient outcomes: A Japanese nation-wide observational study
Authors: Otaka Shunichi , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Igeta Ryuhei , Chiba Takuyo , Ikeda Shunya , Shiga Takashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of physician involvement during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been shown in adults but remains unknown in pediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and patient outcomes.
Methods
Using a Japanese nationwide database, we identified pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from January 2005 to September 2017. We used a generalized linear model to compare outcomes between patients with and without physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The primary outcome was neurologically favourable survival after 1 month. Secondary outcomes were the return of spontaneous circulation and 1-month survival.
Results
In total, 24,684 patients were included in this study. In the adjusted analyses, a ‘physician-present’ group showed a lower 1-month neurologically favourable survival rate compared with a ‘physician-absent’ group (difference, -0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.7–-0.2; P = 0.02). The physician-present group had a higher rate of return of spontaneous circulation than the physician-absent group (difference, 1.4%; 95% CI 0.2–2.5; P = 0.02), but no difference in 1-month survival was observed between the groups (difference, -0.9%; 95% CI -2.0–0.2; P = 0.09).
Conclusions
Physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was associated with lower 1-month neurologically favourable survival rates, although it was associated with a better return of spontaneous circulation than that in the physician-absent group.
A data-driven approach to estimate the rate of penetration in drilling of hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Hashemizadeh Abbas , Bahonar Ehsan , Chahardowli Mohammad , Kheirollahi Hossein , Simjoo Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Drilling costs and time are directly affected by the rate of penetration (ROP). Gas/oil well drilling in challenging environments is a costly operation due to the high cost of wellbore construction, and drilling optimization requires real-time decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate ROP accurately and thus assist in optimizing the drilling process. In this study, we used total depth, weight on hook, bit, revolutions per minute, torque, standpipe pressure, flow rates, mud weight, mud viscosity, hole size, and formation hardness as input parameters to forecast ROP. Nine machine learning algorithms, i.e., multiple linear regression (MLR), lasso regression, ridge regression, decision tree (DT), bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), random forest (RF), gradient boosting machines (GBM), symbolic regression (SR), and artificial neural networks (ANN) were performed using a dataset consists of 3484 observations. Moreover, several network hyperparameters were adjusted, indicating that using a deep artificial feed-forward network, i.e., [9-11-1] neurons with logarithmic sigmoid transfer function as a predictor model, provided the most accurate model. Results showed that the random forest and artificial neural network models have the highest accuracy, and it estimates ROP with correlation coefficients of 0.93. Overall, the methodology employed in this paper performed well in predicting ROP in the absence of some unavailable parameters such as UCS.
A Ghost Perturbation Scheme to Solve Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Garrido P.L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We propose an algebraic method that finds a sequence of functions that exponentially approach the solution of any second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with any boundary conditions. We define an extended ODE (eODE) composed of a linear generic differential operator that depends on free parameters, p, plus an ϵ perturbation formed by the original ODE minus the same linear term. After the eODE’s formal ϵ expansion of the solution, we can solve order by order a hierarchy of linear ODEs and we get a sequence of functions y n (x; ϵ, p) where n indicates the number of terms that we keep in the ϵ-expansion. We fix the parameters to the optimal values p * (n) by minimizing a distance function of y n to the ODE’s solution, y, over a given x-interval. We see that the eODE’s perturbative solution converges exponentially fast in n to the ODE solution when ϵ = 1: |y n (x; ϵ = 1, p * (n)) − y(x)| < Cδ n+1 with δ < 1. The method permits knowing the number of solutions for Boundary Value Problems just by looking at the number of minima of the distance function at each order in n, p * ,α (n), where each α defines a sequence of functions y n that converges to one of the ODE’s solutions. We present the method by its application to several cases where we discuss its properties, benefits and shortcomings and some practical algorithmic improvements on it.PACS numbers: 18-3e
A patient specific in vitro investigation into the fenestration seen within the single ventricle anatomy
Authors: McHugo V. S. , Nölke L. , Morris Liam , McMahon C. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The creation of the total cavopulmonary connection facilitates direct transit of desaturated venous blood from the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arterial circulation, bypassing the respective sub-pulmonary ventricle. A fenestration is created by incorporating a small hole or tube between the inferior vena cava and the right atrium thereby reducing central venous pressure in the circuit and maintaining systemic output. The fenestration procedure improved clinical outcomes but there is limited data on its impact of the flow hemodynamics. An in vitro biosimulator was developed using flexible patient specific models and soft robotic actuators to assess the current surgical methods. A small sized shunt of 3mm ID, a large sized shunt of 6mm ID and a patch scenario were chosen to evaluate the most commonly seen surgical methods against a non-fenestrated model. It was found that the fenestration reduced central venous pressure by 5-9.5% while reducing energy losses by 9-40%. This shows that the fenestration offers a more efficient circulation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients.
The effect of lay responders’ experience on response time to medical emergencies in a rural area: An observational study
Authors: Starck Simon Michael , Jensen Jonas Junghans , Sarkisian Laura , Schakow Henrik , Andersen Claus , Henriksen Finn Lund 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this retrospective observational study was to determine how response times correlated to the experience of the community first responders (CFRs) using data collected from the Danish Island of Langeland via a global positioning system (GPS)-based system.
Methods
All medical emergency calls involving CFRs in the time period from 21st of April 2012 to 31st of December 2017 were included. Each emergency call activated 3 CFRs. Response times were calculated using the time from when the system alerted the CFRs to CFR time of arrival at the emergency site measured by GPS. CFRs response times were grouped depending on their level of experience according to ≤ 10, 11–24, 25–49, 50–99, ≥ 100 calls accepted and arrived on-site.
Results
A total of 7273 CFR activations were included. Median response time for the CFR arriving first on-site (n = 3004) was 4:05 min (IQR 2:42 − 6:01) and median response time for the arrival of the CFR with an automated external defibrillator (n = 2594) was 5:46 min (IQR 3:59 − 8:05). Median response times were 5:53 min (3:43 − 8:29) for ≤ 10 calls (n = 1657), 5:39 min (3:49 − 8:01) for 11–24 calls (n = 1396), 5:45 min (3:49 − 8:00) for 25–49 calls (n = 1586), 5:07 min (3:38 − 7:26) for 50–99 calls (n = 1548) and 4:46 min (3:14 − 7:32) for ≥ 100 calls (n = 1086) (p < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between experience and response times (p < 0.001, Spearman’s rho=-0.0914).
Conclusion
This study found that response times are significantly reduced as CFRs become more experienced which could lead to increased survival after a time-critical incident.
Photodistributed Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Systematic Review and Proposal for a New Diagnostic Classification
Authors: McKinley Blake J , Allen Mitchell E , Michels Nicole 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundUltraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is commonly reported as a risk factor for Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). However, minimal evaluation of photo-induced SJS/TEN has been conducted. Thus, this review identifies all cases of SJS/TEN that are linked to an acute exposure of UVR and outline the unifying characteristics of these cases. Furthermore, the theoretical pathogenesis, differential diagnoses, and proposed diagnostic criteria are defined.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases and websites were searched from inception to September 2021 to identify studies that met inclusion criteria. The following keywords were utilized: “Stevens-Johnson syndrome” and “toxic epidermal necrolysis” with “ultraviolet,” “photodistributed,” “photo-induced,” “photosensitivity,” and “photo.” One reviewer assessed study characteristics, with confirmation by a second. The risk of bias was assessed independently by another.ResultsThirteen patient cases were identified, all reporting ultraviolet radiation prior to rash onset and an underlying causal drug. Case classifications included 7/13 SJS and 6/13 TEN. All cases described the rash as photodistributed with UVR exposure prior to rash onset (delay of 1-3 days) and a causal drug. 10 cases provided evidence that the photodistributed rash distribution lacked linear demarcation (as in a sunburn) with satellite target-like lesions. No cases described a flu-like prodrome.DiscussionMucositis, palmar and plantar rash, a positive Nikolsky sign, and a prolonged disease course can help distinguish from photosensitive reactions, while a negative direct immunofluorescence test is important to distinguish from other photo-induced disorders.ConclusionPhysicians should be aware that UVR may precipitate SJS/TEN in patients taking susceptible drugs. After a 24-hour delay from UVR exposure, a non-distinct, photodistributed rash appears with no flu-like prodrome and progresses for at least 48 hours to include vesiculobullous eruptions and mucous membrane involvement. Photodistributed SJS/TEN appears to be photo-drug-induced with a unique onset and rash presentation that should be recognized as a distinct diagnosis.
Strongly Clean Semiring
Authors: Das D. , Kar S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of strongly clean semiring. Let S be a semiring. An element a ∈ S is called strongly clean if a = e+u with e an idempotent in S and u a unit in S such that eu = ue. A semiring S is said to be strongly clean if every nonzero element of S is strongly clean. We mainly study the notion of strongly clean semiring and obtain some important characterizations of strongly clean semiring in connection with exchange semiring, antisimple semiring and additively regular semiring.
Addressing the challenges of water-energy-food nexus programme in the context of sustainable development and climate change in South Africa
Authors: Adom Richard Kwame , Simatele Mulala Danny , Reid Memory 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The fast-growing pace of the world's population and the increasing pressure exerted on global life supporting natural systems due to amplified natural resource use and consumption coupled with the impacts of climate change necessitates the development of innovative technologies and comprehensive policy frameworks to address the looming crisis in the water, energy and food nexus. As the 30th driest country globally, South Africa has embarked on and enacted a pro-water-energy and food nexus policy which aims to create an understanding of the interdependencies of the three components and their influence on socio-economic growth and national development in the face of climate change-induced environmental changes. While these policies and programmes appear to have a sound theoretical basis, their implementation has been hindered by a number of structural and systemic challenges. Using methods inspired by the tradition of participatory research, this paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the water-energy-food policy framework in South Africa within the context of its implementation in order to achieve water, energy and food security. The findings of this paper revealed that while some level of progress has been attained to improve the livelihoods of the population using the nexus ecosystem, the broader goal of the concept has failed to materialise due to poor execution of the programme, which is exacerbated by lack of synergies, and establishment of collaborations and partnerships among the relevant actors mandated with the management of the three components and inadequate investment. This paper recommends a broader and coordinated approach to implementing the water-energy-food nexus programme with a broader objective of sustainable development goals (SDGs) framework.
GPM-IMERG product: a new way to assess the climate change impact on water resources in a Moroccan semi-arid basin
Authors: Saouabe Tarik , Naceur Khaoula Ait , El Khalki El Mahdi , Hadri Abdessamad , Saidi Mohamed Elmehdi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to the lack of observed data, climate change impact studies are difficult to conduct. This paper evaluates the effect of climate change on water resources, in a Moroccan basin, using the Final Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM-IMERG-F) for precipitation and the European Reanalysis fifth generation (ERA5) for evapotranspiration. The two-parameter monthly model of Rural Engineering (GR2M) is calibrated and validated using ground-based and GPM precipitation products, observed and ERA5 temperature and uncorrected and corrected discharge using water intake data. Five regional climate models are used to assess the future changes during the period 2025–2060. The results show that the hydrological model is able to simulate the monthly surface runoff. The same results are obtained using satellite precipitation data and ERA5 reanalysis product which remain, respectively, a source of precipitation and temperature data in cases of ungauged or poorly gauged watersheds. The assessment of the climate change impact shows an increase in temperature accompanied by a decrease in precipitation. These changes would lead to a decrease in surface runoff ranging from −1 to −45% based on observed and GPM-IMERG precipitation data. This study presents an alternative source of precipitation for evaluating the climate change impact on water resources.