bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD73 downregulation by EGFR-targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA potentiates antitumor effect of liposomal doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Soleimani Anvar , Mirzavi Farshad , Nikoofal-Sahlabadi Sara , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Taghizadeh Bita , Barati Mehdi , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlocking CD73 ectonucleotidase has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of a novel EGFR-Targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA formulation in combination therapy with liposomal doxorubicin in the 4T1 mouse model. CD73 siRNA was encapsulated into nanoliposomes by the ethanol injection method. After preparation, characterization, morphology, and stability evaluation of formulations, the toxicity was measured by MTT assay. Uptake assay and efficiency of the liposomal formulations were investigated on the 4T1 cell line. The liposomal formulation containing CD73 siRNA was targeted with GE11 peptide for in vivo evaluations. Following biodistribution analysis, the antitumor activity of prepared formulations in combination with liposomal doxorubicin was studied in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells. Finally, the induction of immune response of formulations in concomitant treatment with liposomal doxorubicin was evaluated in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse model of breast cancer. The size of prepared liposomal formulations at N/P = 16 for the liposomal CD73 siRNA and GE11-liposomal CD73 siRNA groups were 89 nm ± 4.4 and 95 nm ± 6.6, respectively. The nanoparticle’s PDI was less than 0.3 and their surface charge was below 10 mV. The results demonstrated that N/P = 16 yielded the best encapsulation efficiency which was 94% ± 3.3. AFM results showed that the liposomes were spherical in shape and were less than 100 nm in size. The results of the MTT assay showed significant toxicity of the liposomes containing CD73 siRNA during the 48-h cell culture. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry results showed that liposomes containing CD73 siRNA could effectively downregulate CD73 expression. Liposomal formulations were able to significantly downregulate CD73 gene expression, in vivo. However, CD73 downregulation efficiency was significantly higher for the targeted form compared to the non-targeted formulation (P value < 0.01). The combination showed maximum tumor growth delay with remarkable survival improvement compared to the control group. Studying the immune responses in the treatment groups which received doxorubicin, showed decreased number of lymphocytes in the tumor environment. However, this decrease was lower in the combination therapy group. Finally, our results clearly showed that CD73 downregulation increases the activity of CD8+ lymphocytes (IFN-ℽ production) and also significantly decreases the Foxp3 in the CD25+ lymphocytes compared to the control group. GE11-Lipo CD73 siRNA formulation can efficiently knockdown CD73 ectonucleotidase. Also, the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin is significantly enhanced via the downregulation of CD73 ectonucleotidase.
Patterns of social mixing in England changed in line with restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2020 to April 2022)
Authors: Smith Louise E. , Potts Henry W. W. , Amlȏt Richard , Fear Nicola T. , Michie Susan , Rubin G. James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial mixing contributes to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We developed a composite measure for risky social mixing, investigating changes during the pandemic and factors associated with risky mixing. Forty-five waves of online cross-sectional surveys were used (n = 78,917 responses; 14 September 2020 to 13 April 2022). We investigated socio-demographic, contextual and psychological factors associated with engaging in highest risk social mixing in England at seven timepoints. Patterns of social mixing varied over time, broadly in line with changes in restrictions. Engaging in highest risk social mixing was associated with being younger, less worried about COVID-19, perceiving a lower risk of COVID-19, perceiving COVID-19 to be a less severe illness, thinking the risks of COVID-19 were being exaggerated, not agreeing that one’s personal behaviour had an impact on how COVID-19 spreads, and not agreeing that information from the UK Government about COVID-19 can be trusted. Our composite measure for risky social mixing varied in line with restrictions in place at the time of data collection, providing some validation of the measure. While messages targeting psychological factors may reduce higher risk social mixing, achieving a large change in risky social mixing in a short space of time may necessitate a reimposition of restrictions.
Physiological changes in Rhodococcus ruber S103 immobilized on biobooms using low-cost media enhance stress tolerance and crude oil-degrading activity
Authors: Naloka Kallayanee , Jaroonrunganan Jirakit , Woratecha Naphatsakorn , Khondee Nichakorn , Nojiri Hideaki , Pinyakong Onruthai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor economic feasibility, sugarcane molasses (0.5%, w/v) containing K2HPO4 (0.26%, w/v) and mature coconut water, low value byproducts, were used in cultivation of Rhodococcus ruber S103 for inoculum production and immobilization, respectively. Physiological changes of S103 grown in low-cost media, including cell hydrophobicity, saturated/unsaturated ratio of cellular fatty acids and biofilm formation activity, enhanced stress tolerance and crude oil biodegradation in freshwater and even under high salinity (5%, w/v). Biobooms comprised of S103 immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) was achieved with high biomass content (1010 colony-forming units g−1 PUF) via a scale-up process in a 5-L modified fluidized-bed bioreactor within 3 days. In a 500-L mesocosm, natural freshwater was spiked with crude oil (72 g or 667 mg g−1 dry biobooms), and a simulated wave was applied. Biobooms could remove 100% of crude oil within only 3 days and simultaneously biodegraded 60% of the adsorbed oil after 7 days when compared to boom control with indigenous bacteria. In addition, biobooms had a long shelf-life (at least 100 days) with high biodegradation activity (85.2 ± 2.3%) after storage in 10% (w/v) skimmed milk at room temperature. This study demonstrates that the low-cost production of biobooms has potential for future commercial bioremediation.
Validation of a mixture of rK26 and rK39 antigens from Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in human and reservoir hosts
Authors: Hosseini Farash Bibi Razieh , Mohebali Mehdi , Kazemi Bahram , Fata Abdolmajid , Hajjaran Homa , Akhoundi Behnaz , Raoofian Reza , Mastroeni Pietro , Moghaddas Elham , Khaledi Azad , Salehi Sangani Ghodratollah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMediterranean type of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic parasitic infection. Some provinces of Iran are endemic for VL while other parts are considered as sporadic areas. This study aimed to assess a combination of recombinant K26 and rK39 antigens as well as crude antigen (CA), derived from an Iranian strain of L. infantum, compared to direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of VL in humans and domestic dogs as animal reservoir hosts of the disease. A combination of rK26 and rK39 antigens and also CA was evaluated using indirect ELISA on serum samples of 171 VL confirmed humans (n = 84) and domestic dogs (n = 87) as well as 176 healthy humans (n = 86) and domestic dogs (n = 90). Moreover, 36 serum samples of humans (n = 20) and canines (n = 16) with other potentially infectious diseases were collected and tested for finding cross- reactivity. The results of ELISA were compared to DAT, currently considered as gold standard for the serodiagnosis of VL. The sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were calculated compared to DAT. The positive sera had previously shown a positive DAT titer ≥ 1:800 for humans and ≥ 1:80 for dogs. Analysis was done by MedCalc and SPSS softwares. Using the combination of rK26 and rK39 in ELISA, a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 93.0% % were found in human sera at a 1:800 (cut-off) titer when DAT-confirmed cases were compared with healthy controls; a sensitivity of 98.9% and specificity of 96.7%% were found at a 1:80 (cut-off) titer compared with DAT. A good degree of agreement was found between the combined rK39 and rK26-ELISA with DAT in human (0.882) and dog serum samples (0.955) by kappa analysis (p < 0.05). The ELISA using the CA test showed 75% sensitivity in human and 93.1% in dog serum samples as well as 53.5% specificity in human and 83.3% in dog,s sera, respectively. The combination of rK26 and rK39 recombinant antigen prepared from Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum showed high accuracy for the serodiagnosis of VL in human and domestic dogs. Further extended field trial with a larger sample size is recommended.
Integrating chromatin accessibility states in the design of targeted sequencing panels for liquid biopsy
Authors: Taklifi Pegah , Palizban Fahimeh , Mehrmohamadi Mahya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDying tumor cells shed DNA fragments into the circulation that are known as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Liquid biopsy tests aim to detect cancer using known markers, including genetic alterations and epigenetic profiles of ctDNA. Despite various advantages, the major limitation remains the low fraction of tumor-originating DNA fragments in a high background of normal blood-cell originating fragments in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) pool in plasma. Deep targeted sequencing of cfDNA allows for enrichment of fragments in known cancer marker-associated regions of the genome, thus increasing the chances of detecting the low fraction variant harboring fragments. Most targeted sequencing panels are designed to include known recurrent mutations or methylation markers of cancer. Here, we propose the integration of cancer-specific chromatin accessibility states into panel designs for liquid biopsy. Using machine learning approaches, we first identify accessible and inaccessible chromatin regions specific to each major human cancer type. We then introduce a score that quantifies local chromatin accessibility in tumor relative to blood cells and show that this metric can be useful for prioritizing marker regions with higher chances of being detected in cfDNA for inclusion in future panel designs.
Blood-derived lncRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: the Good, the Bad and the Beauty
Authors: Badowski Cedric , He Bing , Garmire Lana X. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer ranks as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. The high mortality rate associated with cancer is partially due to the lack of reliable early detection methods and/or inaccurate diagnostic tools such as certain protein biomarkers. Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) such as circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proposed as a new class of potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The reported correlation between the presence of tumors and abnormal levels of lncRNAs in the blood of cancer patients has notably triggered a worldwide interest among clinicians and oncologists who have been actively investigating their potentials as reliable cancer biomarkers. In this report, we review the progress achieved (“the Good”) and challenges encountered (“the Bad”) in the development of circulating lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. We report and discuss the diagnostic performance of more than 50 different circulating lncRNAs and emphasize their numerous potential clinical applications (“the Beauty”) including therapeutic targets and agents, on top of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. This review also summarizes the best methods of investigation and provides useful guidelines for clinicians and scientists who desire conducting their own clinical studies on circulating lncRNAs in cancer patients via RT-qPCR or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).
Space bioprocess engineering on the horizon
Authors: Berliner Aaron J. , Lipsky Isaac , Ho Davian , Hilzinger Jacob M. , Vengerova Gretchen , Makrygiorgos Georgios , McNulty Matthew J. , Yates Kevin , Averesch Nils J. H. , Cockell Charles S. , Wallentine Tyler , Seefeldt Lance C. , Criddle Craig S. , Nandi Somen , McDonald Karen A. , Menezes Amor A. , Mesbah Ali , Arkin Adam P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpace bioprocess engineering (SBE) is an emerging multi-disciplinary field to design, realize, and manage biologically-driven technologies specifically with the goal of supporting life on long term space missions. SBE considers synthetic biology and bioprocess engineering under the extreme constraints of the conditions of space. A coherent strategy for the long term development of this field is lacking. In this Perspective, we describe the need for an expanded mandate to explore biotechnological needs of the future missions. We then identify several key parameters—metrics, deployment, and training—which together form a pathway towards the successful development and implementation of SBE technologies of the future.
Performance of digital predistorter in system with analogue to digital converter
Authors: Elaskary Ramez Moh. , Mehana Ahmed Hesham , Fahmy Yasmine , El‐Ghoneimy Mona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe baseband digital pre‐distortion (DPD) signal processing technique is the most cost‐effective linearisation method among other techniques to address the nonlinearity effect of the power amplifier. For communication systems containing DPD and power amplifier, it is difficult to acquire performance metrics closed‐forms for any DPD architecture since there was no mathematical expression for each DPD coefficient. Usually, researchers look for more efficient DPD algorithms for DPD coefficients (compared to the existing ones) in terms of computational complexity, delay, power consumption etc. Consequently, performance is evaluated through intensive simulation. In this paper, it is shown how one can exploit the results of the recent work to mathematically model the indirect learning architecture DPD and efficiently derive important measures in communication systems. Expressions of the normalised mean square error (NMSE) and achievable rate for the OFDM communication system are derived. The DPD is modelled mathematically by exploiting the DPD coefficients closed‐form expressions. The derived expressions of the NMSE and achievable rate are verified through numerical simulations. Furthermore, closed‐form expressions for the NMSE and achievable rate bounds for the OFDM communication system are derived. The performance measures bounds are found assuming a perfect linearisation scenario. The analytical expressions are validated through numerical simulations.
Deep learning in the grading of diabetic retinopathy: A review
Authors: Tajudin Nurul Mirza Afiqah , Kipli Kuryati , Mahmood Muhammad Hamdi , Lim Lik Thai , Awang Mat Dayang Azra , Sapawi Rohana , Sahari Siti Kudnie , Lias Kasumawati , Jali Suriati Khartini , Hoque Mohammed Enamul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) grading into different stages of severity continues to remain a challenging issue due to the complexities of the disease. Diabetic Retinopathy grading classifies retinal images to five levels of severity ranging from 0 to 5, which represents No DR, Mild non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), Moderate NPDR, Severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. With the advancement of Deep Learning, studies on the application of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in DR grading have been on the rise. High accuracy and sensitivity are the desired outcome of these studies. This paper reviewed recently published studies that employed CNN for DR grading to 5 levels of severity. Various approaches are applied in classifying retinal images which are, (i) by training CNN models to learn the features for each grade and (ii) by detecting and segmenting lesions using information about their location such as microaneurysms, exudates, and haemorrhages. Public and private datasets have been utilised by researchers in classifying retinal images for DR. The performance of the CNN models was measured by accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve. The CNN models and their performance varies for every study. More research into the CNN model is necessary for future work to improve model performance in DR grading. The Inception model can be used as a starting point for subsequent research. It will also be necessary to investigate the attributes that the model uses for grading.
A systematic review on current research and developments on coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet machines
Authors: Habib Asiful , Mohd Zainuri Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi , Che Hang Seng , Ibrahim Ahmad Asrul , Rahim Nasrudin Abd , Alaas Zuhair Muhammed , Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Ramadan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet (AFPM) machines have been gaining attention. Being coreless, these machines do not experience eddy current (hence hysteresis losses) and has lower cogging torque leading to higher efficiency. However, limitations such as high leakage flux and weak mechanical structure impede its wide application. The results of a systematic review on coreless AFPM machine research is presented, wherein a total of 123 studies have been selected through the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. About 55% of the articles have been published between 2017 and 2021, indicating recent attention of the researchers on coreless AFPM machines. More than 70% (87 out of 123) of the records have been published by IEEE, which proves the quality and acceptance of the studies. In two‐thirds (77 out of 123) of the studies, single‐stator double‐rotor has been adopted as the machine topology, and in 71.8% (84 out of 123) cases, trapezoidal shape magnets have been used in conventional array. The key research areas on coreless AFPM identified through this review are to produce an efficient design for multiphase and multi‐stage topology and develop lightweight rotor and stator structures.
A regularised deep matrix factorised model of matrix completion for image restoration
Authors: Li Zhemin , Xu Zhi‐Qin John , Luo Tao , Wang Hongxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been an important approach of using matrix completion to perform image restoration. Most previous works on matrix completion focus on the low‐rank property by imposing explicit constraints on the recovered matrix, such as the constraint of the nuclear norm or limiting the dimension of the matrix factorisation component. Recently, theoretical works suggest that deep linear neural network has an implicit bias towards low rank on matrix completion. In this work, a regularised deep matrix factorised (RDMF) model for image restoration is proposed, which utilises the implicit bias of the low rank of deep neural networks and the explicit bias of total variation. RDMF is a powerful and flexible framework for inverse problems in image processing while the combination of implicit and explicit regularisation represents the intrinsic characteristics of a natural image. The effectiveness of the RDMF model with extensive experiments are demonstrated, in which the method surpasses the recently proposed models in common examples, especially for the restoration from very few observations. This work sheds light on a more general framework for solving other inverse problems by combining the implicit bias of deep learning with explicit regularisation.
Design of compact multiple‐input and multiple‐output antenna based on slow‐wave corrugated strips
Authors: Lu Jiayuan , Zhang Hao Chi , Shao Chenzi , Wei Cunyue , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA method of designing two‐element compact multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas with good isolation based on slow‐wave corrugated strips (CSs) is presented in this paper. Using the slow‐wave characteristic, a pair of CSs is applied as arms of each dipole antenna element to realise the compact design. A metal plane is placed between the two dielectric boards serving as the reflector so that the antenna can achieve good forward radiation. There are two coupling paths between the closely placed antennas: the coupling between the adjacent antenna arms and the coupling with the reflector. By adjusting the phase constants of the two coupling paths, good isolation is achieved in the operating frequency band without any additional de‐coupling structures. A sample of a two‐element MIMO antenna is fabricated at the centre frequency of 5.1 GHz with a bandwidth of 330 MHz. Measured results show good performance to support the design method. As each arm is about 1/8λ0 (λ0 is wavelength in free space), the edge‐to‐edge distance is 0.04λ0, and the isolation in the operating frequency is 15 dB.
Medizinischer Nutzen von Cannabis und Cannabinoiden
Authors: Grotenhermen Franjo 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungCannabisblüten sind seit etwa 5 Jahren in Deutschland verschreibungsfähig. Cannabisbasierte Medikamente besitzen ein breites therapeutisches Potenzial und gelten auch bei einer langzeitigen Therapie als gut verträglich. Die Indikationen reichen von Schmerzerkrankungen über neurologische, chronisch-entzündliche sowie psychiatrische Erkrankungen bis hin zur proaktiven Unterstützung bei Chemotherapie. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Gesetzeslage, Verschreibungsmöglichkeiten und das therapeutische Potenzial cannabisbasierter Medikamente.
Evidenzbasierte Aromatherapie bei Schmerzen
Authors: Zimmermann Eliane 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungMonoterpene können die Nozizeption, also die Wahrnehmung von Schmerzen im Körper, deutlich herabsetzen und haben so eine beruhigende Wirkung auf das Schmerzgeschehen. Dies macht man sich bei der Aromatherapie zunutze. Dieser sog. Counterirritant-Effekt, ausgelöst durch Monoterpene, wurde bereits in zahlreichen Studien nachgewiesen. Der Beitrag zeigt die breite Studienlage auf und geht auf verschiedene Studien in unterschiedlichen Schmerzarealen und Körperregionen ein.
Co-Adjuvancy of Solasodine & CoQ10 Against High Fat
Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Rats Via Modulating IRS-I and PPAR-γ
Proteins Expression
Authors: Khan Irfan , Kumar Rajesh , Prasad Mahesh , Srivastav Ritesh Kumar , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Akhtar Juber ,   Badruddeen
Published: June 2022

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which target cells become insensitive
to normal insulin concentrations in order to deliver glucose. The goal of this
study was to see if solasodine combined with coenzyme Q10 could help rats with
insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating the expression
of IRS-I and PPAR-γ proteins.One of the six groups (n=6) got a
conventional diet for 16 weeks as a control (normal), the HFD was given to the
other five groups for 16 weeks, which further classified as-one group as HFD
control while others treated with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg),
coenzyme Q10 (50 mg/kg), solasodine (50 mg/kg)
and combination of solasodine and coenzyme Q10i.e. SDQ10 (total
50 mg/kg) for the last 4 weeks orally once daily. Blood and
tissue samples were collected by the end of study period for the biochemical and
histological studies. As a result, HFD fed rats exhibited a significant increase
in food and energy intake, body mass index, kidney and pancreas weight, fasting
glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin level, liver enzyme ALT and AST and
decrease antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. HFD received
animals also produced a lower level of p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein expression in
western blot analysis. SDQ10 in combination successfully restored the
above-mentioned complexity of insulin resistance caused by aHFD. Besides,
increasesthe antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and
normalized the architecture of kidney, pancreas and adipose tissue as well
astreatment with SDQ10 raised the level of p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein in liver
tissue. As a result, supplementing with solasodine and coenzyme Q10 reversed the
effect of the HFD on p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein in liver tissue while also
alleviating insulin resistance symptoms.