bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN UPDATED REVIEW IN CORRELATING FAT MASS OBESITY ASSOCIATED GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN CONDITIONS
Authors: BABU R. REHANA , TILTON FLORIDA , NAIR ANEESH , VIJAYALAKSHMI K. , BABU P. B. RAMESH 
Published: August 2022

Women with Polycystic ovarian condition (PCOS) are reported to have obesity, which essentially influences the disorder's associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. PCOS is a problem of endocrine abnormality in women between the ages of 14-44. In this paper we review on recent methods in genotyping of fat mass obesity (FTO) associated gene single nucleotide polymorphism and its relationship with PCOS. Literature survey indicated that in diagnosis of PCOS, blood tests were normally used in gene polymorphism investigations and DNA tests were used for genotyping examination. The quick detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification is one of the commonest tests for identifying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for FTO traits which is being routinely used to understand the frequency of SNP polymorphism in a given set of population in various countries and in ethnic groups. Worldwide, extensive investigations were carried out to analyze the genotypes of FTO traits and its association in understanding the etiology of PCOS. Such literature surveys are beneficial in developing simple PCOS diagnostic methods and finding new approaches in therapeutic interventions. In this review paper, we highlight the genetic basis and importance of testing the FTO parameter in understanding the pathogenesis and the management of PCOS.
EVALUATION OF ANTI QUOROM SENSING ACTIVITIES USING Emblica officinalis ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST MARINE MICROBES
Authors: NANDI BRISHTI , VIJAYALAKSHMI K. , CHRISTOPHY ATHMAJA V. , HARSHAVARDHINI G. , BABU P. B. RAMESH 
Published: August 2022

Biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria displays a major role in various human infectious diseases posing a major health problem in several countries. Biofilms contain colony of bacteria which are 1,000 folds more resistant to antibiotics and also they develop more insensitivity to innate and acquired immune responses. Quorum sensing (QS) is characterized well due to the interaction of bacterial cells, which is a dependent mechanism and acts its stimulus response related to population density. In the present study we tested the antiquorum sensing activity with leaf extracts of commonly used dietary supplement Emblica Officinalis (Amla) against marine microbes. In our method, we cultured Klebsilla, Proteus, E.coli, Shigella, Salmonella typhi from marine water source for quorum sensing activities and inhibitory effects through antimicrobial activities. Marine bacteria were isolated, identified based on physical and biochemical characterization. In our results we investigated the inhibitory effects of amla against pathogenic bacteria using swarming method. Further highest inhibitory bacterial isolates were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We conclude that amla exhibits potential inhibitory effects in biofilms formation from samples obtained from marine waters and further studies are needed in QS gene expression in more number of marine microbial samples.
Pediatric Brain on Cannabinoids: Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Products in Children and Adolescents
Authors: B. Chase Peter 
Published: August 2022

Cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids) are most often used during adolescence and given the changing norms, enhanced potency, reduced societal perceptions of risk and multitude forms of products for consumption, clinicians need to be become more cognizant of cannabinoid products and their effects. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly discuss acute toxicities and a few chronic toxicities associated with cannabinoids that clinicians are likely to treat. In addition, cannabinoid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics as it pertains to the clinical effects will be discussed as well as the route of exposure and the clinical implications for therapeutics. Although the neurodevelopmental effects of naturally occurring endocannabinoids will be briefly mentioned, it is beyond the scope of this review to discuss in detail. Regardless, clinicians, parents and patients should be aware of the potential implications that exogenous cannabinoids (cannabis) may have in altering the normative trajectory of brain maturation in pediatric patients.
Revisional Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Alqahtani Awadh , Almayouf Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Metabolic surgery is considered a valuable tool in treating obesity compared to the non-surgical approach. Its effectiveness is evident in the form of weight loss, eliminating obesity-related comorbidities, and improving quality of life. Hence, the rate of metabolic surgery conducted worldwide has risen dramatically, parallel to the increasing rates of obesity. Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to metabolic surgeries. Weight regain/insufficient weight loss is feared by the patient and bariatric surgeon and can occur with nonadherence to a healthy lifestyle and dietary habits. Long-term complications related to metabolic surgery are possible following any metabolic surgery (e.g., chronic reflux, malnutrition, and fistula). Revisional surgery is the most effective approach to combat these drawbacks, and therefore a bariatric surgeon should be familiar with it. This chapter will discuss the indication of revisional surgery, the preoperative workup, the surgical techniques, and the outcome of revisional surgery. The chapter will focus on the most commonly performed metabolic surgery, that is, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass. By the end of this chapter, the reader will be able to: (1) Define metabolic surgery failure and indications of the revision. (2) Be able to approach the patient preoperatively and formulate a plan. (3) Be knowledgeable about the main operative steps. (4) Be aware of the predicted outcome of revisional surgery.
La realidad aumentada y su efecto en la habilidad espacial de estudiantes de ingeniería mecánica
Authors: Yarin Achachagua Yasser Hipolito , Gamarra Chinchay Hugo Eliseo 
Published: August 2022

This research work focused on the development of a learning experience based on the use of augmented reality with the aim of improving spatial ability, within the training framework of the future mechanical engineer. Two groups were formed, where the first group, the experimental group, participated in a mechanical drawing workshop where content was displayed in augmented reality, while, in the second group, the control group developed the same topics in a traditional way. A test was used to measure the spatial ability of the participants before and after the application of the workshop. The results obtained in the study allowed us to conclude that the mechanical drawing workshop based on the use of augmented reality significantly influences the spatial ability of mechanical engineering students, because the statistical analysis allows us to identify a significant difference between the groups formed, according to results obtained by means of the Mann Whitney U test.
Este trabajo de investigación se enfocó en el desarrollo de una experiencia de aprendizaje basado en el uso de la realidad aumentada con el objetico de mejorar la habilidad espacial, dentro del marco de formación del futuro ingeniero mecánico. Se conformaron dos grupos, donde el primer grupo, el grupo experimental participo de un taller de dibujo mecánico donde se visualizó contenido en realidad aumentada, mientras que, el según grupo, el grupo control desarrollo los mismos temas de manera tradicional. Se utilizo una prueba para medir la habilidad espacial en los participantes antes y después de la aplicación del taller. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio permitieron concluir que el taller de dibujo mecánico basado en el uso de la realidad aumentada influye significativamente en la habilidad espacial de los estudiantes de ingeniería mecánica, debido a que el análisis estadístico permite identificar una diferencia significativa entre los grupos conformados, de acuerdo con resultados obtenidos por medio de la prueba U de Mann Whitney.
Aprendizaje colaborativo internacional en línea (COIL) en la formación inicial del profesorado en didáctica de las ciencias sociales.
Authors: San Martín Zapatero Alberto , Di Giusto Valle Cristina , Mendoza León Olga 
Published: August 2022

Given the educational need to create training environments where skills in digital technology and social interaction are developed, this study analyzes the influence of Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) on future teachers. The study focuses on the collective construction of knowledge about the teaching of social sciences. The sample corresponds to students of the Degrees of Primary Education of the National University of Trujillo (Peru) and the University of Burgos (Spain). The context of application is a didactic, synchronous and asynchronous collaborative project between both groups, entitled Retos que nos unen, and developed between the months of September and October 2021. A quantitative research method is applied, through a longitudinal design structured in phases, with measurement before and after treatment (pre-test and pos-test). The results inform that the greatest degree of knowledge acquisition occurs in the collaboration phase of intercultural groups, demonstrating the need to develop collaborative and critical cultures mediated by technology to reverse traditional curricular approaches.
Ante la necesidad educativa de crear entornos de formación donde se desarrollen competencias en tecnología digital e interacción social, el presente estudio analiza la influencia del aprendizaje colaborativo internacional en línea (COIL) en futuro profesorado. El estudio se centra en la construcción colectiva de conocimiento sobre la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales. La muestra (n= 68) corresponde a alumnado de los Grados de Educación Primaria de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (Perú) y de la Universidad de Burgos (España). El contexto de aplicación es un proyecto colaborativo didáctico, síncrono y asíncrono entre ambos grupos, titulado Retos que nos unen, y desarrollado entre los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2021. Se aplica un método de investigación cuantitativo, a través de un diseño longitudinal estructurado en fases, con medición antes y después del tratamiento (pre-test y pos-test). Los resultados informan, que el mayor grado de adquisición de conocimientos se produce en la fase de colaboración de los grupos interculturales, lo que demuestra la necesidad de desarrollar culturas colaborativas y críticas mediadas por la tecnología para revertir enfoques curriculares tradicionales.
O VIVER E O VÍRUS
Authors: Moreira Luciene Corrêa de Miranda , Costa Fernanda Burack da 
Published: August 2022

Em uma perspectiva autobiográfica e interseccional, o presente trabalho versa sobre o prisma em que dois sujeitos vivenciaram os fenômenos pandêmicos. Trata-se de transpor para as palavras os sentimentos e as sensações experenciados. Uma tentativa de elaboração conjunta do atravessamento do real da morte que a pandemia de Covid19 impôs a tod@s nós. Empenhando-se em superar a cristalização sintomática através da arte e do trabalho como vias sublimatórias. Um esforço de sinalizar, através da linguagem, o que estaria para além do desamparo, do medo e da angústia. Palavras-chave: Psicologia; Covid-19; Gênero; Filosofia; Arte.
Long‐Term Outcomes and Prognosis Factors in Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Based on Myositis‐Specific Autoantibodies: A Single Cohort Study
Authors: Jiang Wei , Shi Jingli , Yang Hongxia , Tian Xiaolan , Yang Hanbo , Chen Qingning , Zhang Lining , Peng Qinglin , Wang Guochun , Lu Xin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the long‐term survival rates and prognostic factors in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) based on myositis‐specific antibody (MSA) stratification.MethodsExactly 628 patients with an IIM were included. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves, univariate, and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze the outcomes and risk factors.ResultsThe cumulative 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates for IIM patients overall were 91.4%, 82.8%, and 75.6%, respectively. The survival rate in the MSA subset was significantly different (P < 0.001). The 1‐ and 10‐year survival rates in the anti–melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (anti–MDA‐5)–positive subgroup were 79.5% and 58.5%, respectively, which were the lowest among all subgroups. The 10‐year survival rate of anti–signal recognition particle (anti‐SRP)–positive patients was the highest (96.4%). Independent risk factors that impacted the long‐term prognosis for IIM patients included rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP‐ILD), malignancy, and elevated serum ferritin levels (hazard ratio [HR] 17.47, 20.36, and 9.15, respectively, P < 0.01), whereas disease duration was a protective factor (HR 0.27, P = 0.003). Among these subsets, the strongest independent risk factor for death in the anti–MDA‐5–positive subgroup was RP‐ILD (HR 3.4, P = 0.017). Malignancy was an independent risk factor in the anti–aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase antibody–positive, anti–transcription intermediary factor 1γ–positive, and MSA‐negative subgroups (HR 46.69, 6.65, and 4.48, respectively; P < 0.001). RP‐ILD was also a risk factor in the prognosis of individuals in the MSA‐negative subgroup (HR 72.28, P < 0.001).ConclusionDespite favorable overall survival in patients with IIM, the anti–MDA‐5–positive subgroup had the highest mortality rate among all MSA subgroups, highlighting the distinctive prognosis for patients with different MSAs. RP‐ILD and malignancy are the most common causes of death in IIM patients.
High‐Q Circular Dichroism Resonances in Plasmonic Lattices with Chiral Unit Cells
Authors: Hou Yidong , Qiu Meng , Cao Zhaolong , Zhou Jie , Ong Hock Chun , Jin Wei , Du Jinglei , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlasmonic chiral nanostructures have attracted a great deal of attention in chirality‐based biosensing, enantioselective separation, and recently photonic orbital angular momentum‐based quantum information processing. However, the intrinsic Ohmic losses of metals and significant radiative scattering of plasmonically resonant nanostructures result in small quality factors and hence weak optical chirality (such as circular dichroism, CD). Here, it is reported that propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)—an achiral electromagnetic surface wave—can significantly enhance the Q‐factors of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) related CD in plasmonic lattices with chiral unit cells. It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that mode interaction between the highly dispersive achiral SPPs and the nondispersive chiral LSPR results in the formation of hybrid chiral SPPs, enabling efficient tuning of the resultant transmission CD dispersion and signal intensity. A maximum CD signal of 0.8 is experimentally observed with a Q‐factor of 45 in the visible spectral region, showing good agreement with theoretical calculations. This study provides an effective yet facile approach for engineering both the strength and dispersion of optical chirality, paving the way for realizing large‐scale, low‐cost, and high‐performing chiral plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces for a variety of sensing, imaging, and information manipulation.
All‐Small‐Molecule Dynamic Covalent Hydrogels with Heat‐Triggered Release Behavior for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Cheng Xuejing , Li Lin , Yang Lei , Huang Quan , Li Yiwen , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAll‐small‐molecule smart hydrogels fabricated by naturally occurring and commercially available small molecular building blocks have attracted increasing interest due to their unique features such as biofunction integration and multi‐stimuli responsiveness. While a few examples have been well‐explored, the further development of additional kinds of all‐small‐molecule smart hydrogels is severely hindered by the lack of enough commensurate building blocks from nature and market. Therefore, it is crucial to seek new strategies to expand the scope of all‐small‐molecule dynamic covalent hydrogels using well‐established natural and commercial chemicals. Herein, this issue is addressed by introducing a bifunctional adapter bearing an aldehyde group and a boronic acid group to construct a novel all‐small‐molecule smart hydrogel through the dynamical covalent cross‐linking with naturally occurring building blocks (e.g., tobramycin and tannic acid). The prepared hydrogel presents several promising features including tunable mechanical property, multi‐stimuli responsiveness, controlled drug release profiles, and excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial performances. This study provides a new strategy to efficiently expand the scope of the all‐small‐molecule smart hydrogels via the integration of the naturally occurring building blocks and the bifunctional adapters.
Liquid Crystal‐Based Detection of Antigens with ELISA Sensitivity
Authors: Perera Kelum , Dassanayake Thiloka M. , Jeewanthi Mahesha , Haputhanthrige Nilanthi P. , Huang Songping D. , Kooijman Edgar , Mann Elizabeth , Jákli Antal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA highly sensitive label‐free liquid crystal (LC)‐based technique is presented for detecting Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antigens used to uncover viral infections. The effectiveness, sensitivity, and selectivity of this detection method is demonstrated with goat IgG antigen at concentrations as low as 100 pg ml−1, which is comparable to the sensitivity of the current enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensor is fabricated by decorating a transmission electron microscopy grid immobilized glass surfaces with antibodies; the target antigen is detected by a liquid crystal suspended onto the grid. This is different from previous methods where the antigen is detected either at the LC‐aqueous interface or in an LC sandwich cell with an antibody/antigen‐decorated substrate. This new approach has advantages such as easy sample preparation, higher sensitivity, and better storage capabilities. Binding the target antigen to the antibody results in a reorientation of the LC director that is detected optically. In addition to demonstrating the sensitivity, the physical principle of the detection is also discussed. This technique may apply to detect virtually any antigen of interest.
Biodegradable Phosphocholine Cross‐Linker With Ion‐Pair Design for Tough Zwitterionic Hydrogel
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Nam , Ngo Thi Lan Huong , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Huang Chun‐Jen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications based on their ability to provide 3D frames with tissue‐like elasticity and high water content. However, the role of the cross‐linking agents in the hydrogels was undervalued in terms of biocompatibility, mechanical properties, degradability, and hydration of gels. In this study, an innovative zwitterionic dimethacrylate 2‐[2‐{2‐(Methacryloyloxy)ethyldimethylammonium}ethyl‐phosphate]ethyl disulfide (MPCSS) for the development of biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogels with entirely bio‐inspired PC structure is reported. The MPCSS cross‐linker includes the zwitterionic group providing nonfouling properties and a disulfide bond that can be degraded by reducing agents and enzymes. Moreover, MPCSS has an opposite arrangement of charged groups to that in the 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) monomer. The hydrogels developed from MPCSS and MPC allow the stronger mechanical properties upon electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged groups and the higher water content than the MPC gels with the conventional cross‐linker. The biocompatibility and fouling characteristics of MPC/MPCSS hydrogels are systematically investigated. Moreover, the degradation of MPCSS cross‐linked hydrogels is evaluated through their weight loss and rheological data. Ultimately, MPC/MPCSS hydrogel is demonstrated to in situ encapsulate NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts and provide an excellent 3D environment, facilitating cell remodeling and growth as a tissue scaffold.
Nanosheet‐Based Uneven Thin Film Exhibiting Angle‐Independent Structural Color and Its Application to Detection of Biogenic Amines
Authors: Haraguchi Yuri , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnisotropic ultrathin 2D materials are used as building blocks to obtain higher‐order structures. Tailoring the size, surface chemistry, and assembly state of exfoliated nanosheets is required for the design of functional materials. However, these factors are not easily controlled during the down‐sizing exfoliation process, which is a general route for obtaining 2D materials. In the present work, polydispersed nanosheets of a transition metal oxide are prepared based on prediction model for the size distribution constructed by a combination of machine learning and chemical perspective on small data. Self‐assembly of the exfoliated nanosheets results in the uneven thin films exhibiting an angle‐independent structural color. As the nanosheets vary in thickness and lateral size, their assembled thin films exhibit structural color independent of the incident angle. The structural color is changed by casting only 20 µL of an aqueous solution containing biogenic amines such as histamine within a sensing time of 5 min. The biogenic amines are intercalated into the interlayer space of the stacked nanosheets and the resulting increase in the thickness changes the color of the thin‐film device. The new design strategies can be applied to constructing other thin‐film sensing devices based on nanosheets.
Co‐Localized Characterization of Aged and Transferred CVD Graphene with Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hou Yuting , Stehle Richard C. , Qing Fangzhu , Li Xuesong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCharacterization plays an important role in graphene development for its effective synthesis and resultant application. In regards to characterization, microscopy shows the morphology of materials and spectroscopy provides information regarding bonding and crystal structure. Here, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are combined to co‐localize and characterize aged and transferred graphene synthesized by the Cu‐based chemical vapor deposition method. The combined investigation reveals the correlation between morphology and structure along with highlighting unique features that result from aging and transfer. The aged graphene on Cu may show the features of graphene adlayers under scanning electron microscopy, which in fact is due to the oxidation of Cu. The D band of the Raman spectrum is sometimes related to wrinkles, including the small ones that can only be detected by atomic force microscopy or standard optical microscopy. In addition to the thermally induced wrinkles, transfer may or may not induce ripples due to the replication of substrate surface morphology by the carrier film, which in turn is dependent upon the heights of the Cu steps. All these findings are of great significance to correctly understand the characterization results and promote the development of high‐quality graphene film preparation technology.
Ir‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐Alkynyl Diaryl Sulfides for the Selective Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Polycyclic Compounds
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Iwaki Takahiro , Ito Mamoru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe describe an Ir‐catalyzed intramolecular reaction of 2‐alkynyl diaryl sulfides, which gives 9‐arylidene‐9H‐thioxanthene derivatives via 6‐exo‐dig cyclization. When 2‐alkynylphenyl naphthyl sulfides are used, divergent synthesis of triaryl‐fused thiepines and diaryl‐substituted benzothiophenes can be achieved by simply choosing the reaction temperature.magnified image