bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of spleen in the long‐legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus): Histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Asker Hasan , Bakır Buket , Kurtdede Nevin , Altunay Hikmet , Karadağ Sarı Ebru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the structure of the spleen in the long‐legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) by histologically and the distribution of the catalase in the spleen by immunohistochemically. The tissue materials were taken from three healthy long‐legged buzzards provided by permission of the General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks (Ankara, Turkey). The long‐legged buzzard spleen is surrounded by smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. In addition, trabecular structures are not found in the capsule. The separation of white and red pulp areas could not be precisely determined. Plasma cells were detected especially around the lymphoid follicles and lymphatic follicles and Schweigger‐Seidel cells were formed by reticulum strands. Alcian blue positive reaction was determined in Schweigger‐Seidel cells and endothelial cells of the long‐legged buzzard spleen. The intense cytoplasmic catalase immunoreactivity was observed in the Schweigger‐Seidel cells and nuclear in some red pulp cells of the long‐legged buzzard spleen. Consequently, determination of the histological structure and catalase immunoreactivity of the spleen on the long‐legged buzzard by this study could be support for the future researches.
Trade uncorked: Genetic distance and taste‐related barriers in wine trade
Authors: Bargain Olivier , Cardebat Jean‐Marie , Chiappini Raphaël 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA nascent literature explores the impact of taste differences on trade. In gravity model estimations, the coefficient on geographic distance is large because it tends to capture such (usually unobservable) preference‐related frictions. We examine this question in the context of French wine, that is, a cultural good characterized by a great variety of types (i.e. accommodating a large heterogeneity in wine tastes) and of quality levels (from cheap table wine to the finest grands crus). A series of gravity models are estimated using the universe of French bottled wine exports by detailed appellation between 1998 and 2015. We use genetic distance as a proxy for taste differences inherited from biology and culture. We show that this interpretation is not ruled out by other possible roles of genetic distance on trade (i.e., microgeography or non‐gustatory cultural dimensions such as trust). We find that genetic distance has an independent effect on trade, explaining between 20% and 40% of the coefficient on geographic distance. Dynamic estimates confirm this result and establish both the persistent and contemporaneous effects of genetic differences. A heterogeneous analysis also corroborates previous findings in the literature showing that high‐tier goods tend to escape gravity. In addition, we find that premium wines escape the home bias associated with taste differences, possibly illustrating that luxury wines have become global iconic products purchased for status and investment motives rather than for gustatory pleasure.
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a regional Victoria setting, findings from the crossroads studies (2001–2003 and 2016–2018)
Authors: Glenister Kristen , Bolitho Leslie , Bourke Lisa , Simmons David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in regional Victoria at two time points (2001–2003 and 2016–2018), and to assess the use of electrocardiogram rhythm strips in a rural, community‐based study for AF investigation.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional design involving survey of residents of randomly selected households and a clinic. Predictors of AF were assessed using Firth penalised logistic regression, as appropriate for rare events.SettingGoulburn Valley, Victoria.ParticipantsHousehold residents aged ≥16 years. Non‐pregnant participants aged 18+ were eligible for the clinic.Main outcome measuresAtrial fibrillation by 12 lead electrocardiogram (earlier study) or electrocardiogram rhythm strip (AliveCor® device) (recent study).ResultsThe age standardised prevalence of AF was similar between the two studies (1.6% in the 2001–2003 study and 1.8% in the 2016–2018 study, 95% confidence interval of difference −0.010, 0.014, p = 0.375). The prevalence in participants aged ≥65 years was 3.4% (1.0% new cases) in the recent study. Predictors of AF in the earlier study were male sex, older age and previous stroke, while in the recent study they were previous stroke and self‐reported diabetes. AliveCor® traces were successfully classified by the in‐built algorithm (91%) vs physician (100%).ConclusionThe prevalence of AF among community‐based participants in regional Victoria was similar to predominantly metropolitan‐based studies, and was unchanged over time despite increased rates of risk factors. Electrocardiogram rhythm strip investigation was successfully utilised, and particularly benefited from physician overview.
Readability of online patient educational materials for common orthopaedic paediatric conditions within Australasia
Authors: Lock Alistair M. , Boukebous Baptiste , Baker Joseph F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of patient educational materials for paediatric patients is increasing. A reading grade level of eighth‐grade (USA) or year nine (Australia and New Zealand) is recommended as acceptable. The aim of this paper was to assess the reading grade levels of paediatric online patient educational materials, within Australasia.MethodsThe online Google® search engine was used with a variety of keyword combinations, filtered to the location of Australia and New Zealand. Suitable websites were explored for webpages related to slipped upper femoral epiphysis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, talipes equinovarus and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Readability was assessed using the online readability software WEB FX®.ResultsSeventy‐six patient educational webpages were analysed: 66 from Australia and 10 from New Zealand. Only eight of the 76 webpages (10.5%) had reading grade levels below the recommended eighth‐grade (US)/year nine (AUS/NZ) level. Webpages from private healthcare providers and pages related to septic arthritis had the significantly highest reading grades.ConclusionsAustralasian families have limited online patient educational materials available to them, which are mostly set at reading grade levels above recommended standards. Healthcare providers should be incentivized to improve the readability of their patient educational materials to reduce health disparities and improve health literacy moving forward.
A predictive nomogram model for low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer resection
Authors: Yan Mingfang , Lin Zhenmeng , Wu Zhiying , Zheng Huizhe , Shi Meiqin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and to construct a nomogram capable of predicting the risk of LARS in patients who undergo rectal cancer resection.MethodsAbout 538 patients who had undergone anterior resection were recruited as a development set. In addition, 114 patients with rectal cancer were analysed as a validation set to test the new nomogram. Patients in the development set were grouped into two separate cohorts: those with major LARS and those with minor or no LARS. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to detect risk factors for major LARS.ResultsThe prevalence of major LARS was 40.7%, of minor LARS was 28.6% and the proportion with no LARS was 30.7% in the development set. In multivariate analysis, female gender, preoperative chemoradiation, low tumour height, diverting ileostomy, postoperative anastomotic leakage were shown to be independently associated with major LARS occurring in patients after rectal cancer resection. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the nomogram were 0.726 (95% CI: 0.682–0.769) and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.655–0.845) in the development and validation sets, respectively. The calibration curves and Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness of fit tests showed that the model was acceptably accurate.ConclusionA nomogram model based on risk factors could be valuable as a predictor of the probability of major LARS after rectal cancer surgery, and provides a guide that clinical staff can use to take preventive measures for high‐risk patients.
Nongenetic and genetic predictors of haemodynamic instability induced by propofol and opioids: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Gu Qing‐ling , Xue Fa‐ling , Zheng Zhuo‐ling , Wang Hai‐ni , Guan Yan‐ping , Wen Yong‐zi , Ye Fang , Huang Min , Huang Wen‐qi , Wang Zhong‐xing , Li Jia‐li 
Published: August 2022

AimPropofol and opioids are commonly used in anaesthesia, but are highly susceptible to haemodynamic instability, thereby threatening the patient's surgical safety and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of haemodynamic instability and establish its predictive model.MethodsA total of 150 Chinese patients undergoing thyroid or breast surgery participated in the study, with target‐controlled infusion concentrations of propofol, opioids dosage, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and Narcotrend Index recorded at key points throughout the procedure. The Agena MassARRAY system was used to genotype candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms related to pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of propofol and opioids.ResultsAmong nongenetic factors, baseline HR (R = −.579, P < .001) and baseline MAP (R = −.725, P < .001) had a significant effect on the haemodynamic instability. Among genetic factors, the CT/CC genotype of GABRB1 rs4694846 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −11.309 to −3.155), AA/AG of OPRM1 rs1799971 (95%CI: 0.773 to 10.290), AA of CES2 rs8192925 (95%CI: 1.842 to 9.090) were associated with higher HR instability; the AA/GG genotype of NR1I2 rs6438550 (95%CI: 0.351 to 7.761), AA of BDNF rs2049046 (95%CI: −9.039 to −0.640) and GG of GABBR2 rs1167768 (95%CI: −10.146 to −1.740) were associated with higher MAP instability. The predictive models of HR and MAP fluctuations were developed, accounting for 45.0 and 59.2% of variations, respectively.ConclusionWe found that cardiovascular fundamentals and genetic variants of GABRB1, GABBR2, OPRM1, BDNF, CES2 and NR1I2 are associated with cardiovascular susceptibility, which can provide a reference for haemodynamic management in clinical anaesthesia.
Parenting and psychosis: An experience sampling methodology study investigating the inter‐relationship between stress from parenting and positive psychotic symptoms
Authors: Radley Jessica , Barlow Jane , Johns Louise C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is a strong association between stress and psychotic symptoms, and this study examined the bidirectional nature of this relationship in parents with psychosis, with negative affect as a mediator and a range of other psychosocial factors included as covariates. It also examined whether stress from parenting had a larger impact on psychosis than non‐parenting stress.DesignThe study used a within‐participants repeated measures design, using experience sampling methodology (ESM). ESM is a self‐report surveying technique completed over an intensive longitudinal period. Participants completed six surveys a day, for 10 days.MethodsThirty‐five participants with psychosis who were a parent to a child between the ages of 2 and 16 took part. Study phones alerted participants to complete surveys by beeping at semi‐random intervals over 10 days. Multi‐level modelling was used with surveys at Level‐1 and participants at Level‐2. Predictor variables were time‐lagged in order to infer directionality.ResultsParenting stress was found to predict psychotic symptoms, and this relationship was mediated by negative affect. The reverse direction was also confirmed. Few of the additional psychosocial factors were found to have a significant impact on the models' estimations. Parenting stress was not found to have a larger impact on psychosis than other sources of stress.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the bidirectional relationship between stress and psychosis in the context of parenting. Further research should explore if parenting stress plays a unique role in predicting psychotic symptoms by comparing parents and non‐parents with psychosis.
“Teacher, forgive me, I forgot to do it!” The impact of children's prospective memory on teachers' evaluation of academic performance
Authors: Basso Demis , Corradini Giovanni , Cottini Milvia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to Munsat (1965,The concept of memory. University of Michigan), a person who makes frequent prospective memory (PM) errors is considered as having a flawed character rather than a bad memory. Given that PM completes its development only in young adulthood, this bias might occur not only within social relationships but also in school. However, little is known about the impact of this bias on academic performance.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of children's PM on teacher's evaluations of their academic performance (i.e., grades) and social skills.SampleA total of 158 eight‐ and twelve‐year‐old children (48% females) participated in this study.MethodsA working memory (WM) updating task was used as ongoing task (OT), in which the PM task was embedded and required participants to respond whenever certain pictures appeared. Children's social skills were measured through teacher ratings, whereas grades were collected as indicators of teachers' assessment of academic performance. Children's WM span and inhibitory control were also assessed.ResultsResults showed that 8‐ and 12‐year‐old children's academic performance was predicted by both PM performance and teachers' evaluations of social skills. However, social skills evaluations were not predicted by PM performance. WM span was related to grades in 8 year olds, while inhibitory control was related to PM performance in 12 year olds.ConclusionsThese outcomes highlight that children's grades are not explained only by academic performance itself but also by other personal skills. Awareness of the biases which can occur when evaluating children's academic performance can help teachers to be more objective in their assessment.
Double‐J stent placement during laparoscopic ureterolithotomy: the “seagull” technique
Authors: Asimakopoulos Anastasios D. , Colalillo Gaia , Miano Roberto , Agrò Enrico Finazzi , Farullo Giuseppe , Fuschi Andrea , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Germani Stefano 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo present a new technique of double‐j stent (DJ) placement during laparoscopic transperitoneal ureterolithotomy (LUL).Patients and methodsFollowing the extraction of the stone, a 6 French DJ open‐end stent is prepared: two straight‐tip hydrophilic guidewires are inserted into the appropriate lateral holes of the stent, as identified by the preoperative evaluation of the CT scan. Approximately 5 centimeters of each wire protrude from the proximal and distal ends of the stent to straighten its terminal curl, thus resembling the wings of a flying seagull. The remaining proximal portions of both guide wires are left within each guidewire dispenser. The two ends of the stent are grasped together in a U‐fashion and inserted into the abdomen through a 10mm port. Once in the abdomen, the longer segment of the stent is inserted and pushed into the ureterotomy until it reaches the target site. The guide wire is then removed. The same procedure is repeated for the other end of the stent. A brief literature review on the currents techniques of laparoscopic DJ placement is also presented.ResultsAnalyzing the outcomes of 21 LUL, the "seagull" technique is time‐saving and safe. No perioperative complications were encountered. There is no risk of enlarging or tearing the ureterotomy and no need for patient replacement, extra cystoscopic or ureteroscopic procedures as well as of using modified guidewires and closed‐tip stents.ConclusionWe described our step‐by‐step technique for DJ placement during LUL.
Impact of constipation on progression of Alzheimer's disease: A retrospective study
Authors: Nakase Taizen , Tatewaki Yasuko , Thyreau Benjamin , Mutoh Tatsushi , Tomita Naoki , Yamamoto Shuzo , Takano Yumi , Muranaka Michiho , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn terms of the gut‐brain axis, constipation has been considered to be an important factor of neurodegenerative diseases, although the exact mechanism is still controversial. Herein, we aimed to investigate the contribution of constipation to the progression of dementia in a retrospective study.MethodsPatients of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment were consecutively screened between January 2015 and December 2020, and those of whom brain MRI and neuropsychological tests were performed twice were enrolled in this study. Participants were classified into with constipation (Cons[+], n = 20) and without constipation (Cons[−], n = 64) groups. Laboratory data at the first visit were used. Regression analysis was performed in MMSE, ADAS‐Cog, and the volumes of hippocampus on MRI‐MPRAGE images and deep white matter lesions (DWMLs) on MRI‐FLAIR images obtained at two different time points.ResultsThe main finding was that the Cons[+] group showed 2.7 times faster decline in cognitive impairment compared with the Cons[−] group, that is, the liner coefficients of ADAS‐Cog were 2.3544 points/year in the Cons[+] and 0.8592 points/year in the Cons[−] groups. Ancillary, changes of DWMLs showed significant correlation with the time span (p < 0.01), and the liner coefficients of DWMLs were 24.48 ml/year in the Cons[+] and 14.83 ml/year in the Cons[−] group, although annual rate of hippocampal atrophy was not different between the two groups. Moreover, serum homocysteine level at baseline was significantly higher in the Cons[+] group than Cons[−] group (14.6 ± 6.4 and 11.5 ± 4.2 nmol/ml, respectively: p = 0.03).ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between constipation and faster progression of AD symptoms along with expansion of DWMLs.
Cognitive Science in a Nutshell
Authors: Mekik Can S. , Galang Carl Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel characterization of the core of cognitive science as the study of how agents perform tasks, where agents and tasks are both broadly construed. We motivate the focus on agents and tasks through a discussion of their prevalence in cognitive science, their utility in identifying topics close to and distant from cognitive science, and their applicability to prominent issues in the field. We argue that our proposal clearly and succinctly highlights the distinctive characteristics of cognitive science and simultaneously motivates its interdisciplinary approach without losing sight of its roots in the study of information processing and cognitive representations.
Study of fatigue crack growth characteristics of TIG welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joint based on laser bionic treatment
Authors: Shi Haifang , Zhang Zhengqiang , Sui Qi , Wang Xuelei , Ren Xin , Wu Chun , Zhuang Weibin , Meng Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is crucial to obtain better fatigue property for the safe application of materials, while nature provides new structural design ideas for effectively improving fatigue property. In this study, a “soft‐hard” alternating bionic structure was fabricated on the surface of TIG welded AZ31B Mg alloy joints by laser bionic treatment (LBT). Microstructure of welded joints was tailored by LBT, resulting in fine equiaxed grains with random orientations and increased microhardness. The fatigue crack growth threshold of the welded joints with bionic structure is increased by more than 40%, and crack growth rate was lower. LBT could significantly affect crack growth behavior and presented obvious crack deflection, resulting in a rougher fracture surface and more second cracks and branches. LBT significantly improved the fatigue crack growth resistance, inducing a series of strengthening mechanisms. The present work opens a new alternative to improve the fatigue properties of welded joints.
Asset pricing with a financial sector
Authors: Li Kai , Xu Chenjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the quantitative asset pricing implications of a financial intermediary that faces a leverage constraint. We use a recursive method to construct the global solution that accounts for occasionally binding constraints. Quantitatively, our model generates a high and countercyclical equity premium, a low and smooth risk‐free interest rate, and a procyclical and persistent price–dividend ratio, despite an independently and identically distributed consumption growth process and a moderate risk aversion of 10. As a distinct prediction from our model, we find that when the intermediary is financially constrained, the interest rate spread between interbank and household loans spikes. This pattern is consistent with the empirical evidence that high TED spread coincides with low stock price and high stock market volatility.
Optimized utilization of Salix—Perspectives for the genetic improvement toward sustainable biofuel value chains
Authors: Rönnberg‐Wästljung Ann Christin , Dufour Louis , Gao Jie , Hansson Per‐Anders , Herrmann Anke , Jebrane Mohamed , Johansson Ann‐Christine , Kalita Saurav , Molinder Roger , Nordh Nils‐Erik , Ohlsson Jonas A. , Passoth Volkmar , Sandgren Mats , Schnürer Anna , Shi Andong , Terziev Nasko , Daniel Geoffrey , Weih Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBioenergy will be one of the most important renewable energy sources in the conversion from fossil fuels to bio‐based products. Short rotation coppice Salix could be a key player in this conversion since Salix has rapid growth, positive energy balance, easy to manage cultivation system with vegetative propagation of plant material and multiple harvests from the same plantation. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the main challenges and key issues in willow genetic improvement toward sustainable biofuel value chains. Primarily based on results from the research project “Optimized Utilization of Salix” (OPTUS), the influence of Salix wood quality on the potential for biofuel use is discussed, followed by issues related to the conversion of Salix biomass into liquid and gaseous transportation fuels. Thereafter, the studies address genotypic influence on soil carbon sequestration in Salix plantations, as well as on soil carbon dynamics and climate change impacts. Finally, the opportunities for plant breeding are discussed using willow as a resource for sustainable biofuel production. Substantial phenotypic and genotypic variation was reported for different wood quality traits important in biological (i.e., enzymatic and anaerobic) and thermochemical conversion processes, which is a prerequisite for plant breeding. Furthermore, different Salix genotypes can affect soil carbon sequestration variably, and life cycle assessment illustrates that these differences can result in different climate mitigation potential depending on genotype. Thus, the potential of Salix plantations for sustainable biomass production and its conversion into biofuels is shown. Large genetic variation in various wood and biomass traits, important for different conversion processes and carbon sequestration, provides opportunities to enhance the sustainability of the production system via plant breeding. This includes new breeding targets in addition to traditional targets for high yield to improve biomass quality and carbon sequestration potential.