bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposing magnetic fields in three dimensions over the central molecular zone
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A , Wang Q Daniel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Measuring magnetic fields in the interstellar medium and obtaining their distribution along line-of-sight (LOS) is very challenging with the traditional techniques. The Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT), which utilizes anisotropy of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, provides an attractive solution. Targeting the central molecular zone (CMZ), we test this approach by applying the VGT to $\rm ^{12}CO$ and $\rm ^{13}CO$ (J = 1–0) data cubes. We first used the scousepy algorithm to decompose the CO line emissions into separate velocity components, and then we constructed pseudo-Stokes parameters via the VGT to map the plane-of-the-sky magnetic fields in three-dimension. We present the decomposed magnetic field maps and investigate their significance. While the LOS integrated magnetic field orientation is shown to be consistent with the polarized dust emission from the Planck survey at 353 GHz, individual velocity components may exhibit different magnetic fields. We present a scheme of magnetic field configuration in the CMZ based on the decomposed magnetic fields. In particular, we observe a nearly vertical magnetic field orientation in the dense clump near the Sgr B2 and a change in the outflow regions around the Sgr A*. Two high-velocity structures associated with an expanding ring in the CMZ show distinct swirling magnetic field structures. These results demonstrate the potential power of the VGT to decompose velocity or density-dependent magnetic structures.
The escape of globular clusters from the satellite dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way
Authors: Rostami Shirazi Ali , Haghi Hosein , Khalaj Pouria , Asl Ahmad Farhani , Hasani Zonoozi Akram 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Using numerical simulations, we have studied the escape of globular clusters (GCs) from the satellite dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) of the Milky Way (MW). We start by following the orbits of a large sample of GCs around dSphs in the presence of the MW potential field. We then obtain the fraction of GCs leaving their host dSphs within a Hubble time. We model dSphs by a Hernquist density profile with masses between $10^7$ and $7\times 10^9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. All dSphs lie on the Galactic disc plane, but they have different orbital eccentricities and apogalactic distances. We compute the escape fraction of GCs from 13 of the most massive dSphs of the MW, using their realistic orbits around the MW (as determined by Gaia). The escape fraction of GCs from 13 dSphs is in the range $12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to $93{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The average escape time of GCs from these dSphs was less than 8 $\, \mathrm{Gyr}$, indicating that the escape process of GCs from dSphs was over. We then adopt a set of observationally constrained density profiles for specific case of the Fornax dSph. According to our results, the escape fraction of GCs shows a negative correlation with both the mass and the apogalactic distance of the dSphs, as well as a positive correlation with the orbital eccentricity of dSphs. In particular, we find that the escape fraction of GCs from the Fornax dSph is between $13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $38{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Finally, we observe that when GCs leave their host dSphs, their final orbit around the MW does not differ much from their host dSphs.
pubmedKB: an interactive web server for exploring biomedical entity relations in the biomedical literature
Authors: Li Peng-Hsuan , Chen Ting-Fu , Yu Jheng-Ying , Shih Shang-Hung , Su Chan-Hung , Lin Yin-Hung , Tsai Huai-Kuang , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Chen Chien-Yu , Huang Jia-Hsin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the proliferation of genomic sequence data for biomedical research, the exploration of human genetic information by domain experts requires a comprehensive interrogation of large numbers of scientific publications in PubMed. However, a query in PubMed essentially provides search results sorted only by the date of publication. A search engine for retrieving and interpreting complex relations between biomedical concepts in scientific publications remains lacking. Here, we present pubmedKB, a web server designed to extract and visualize semantic relationships between four biomedical entity types: variants, genes, diseases, and chemicals. pubmedKB uses state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques to extract semantic relations from the large number of PubMed abstracts. Currently, over 2 million semantic relations between biomedical entity pairs are extracted from over 33 million PubMed abstracts in pubmedKB. pubmedKB has a user-friendly interface with an interactive semantic graph, enabling the user to easily query entities and explore entity relations. Supporting sentences with the highlighted snippets allow to easily navigate the publications. Combined with a new explorative approach to literature mining and an interactive interface for researchers, pubmedKB thus enables rapid, intelligent searching of the large biomedical literature to provide useful knowledge and insights. pubmedKB is available at https://www.pubmedkb.cc/.
ALMA astrometry of the objects within 0.5 pc of Sagittarius A*
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyazaki Atsushi , Miyawaki Ryosuke , Miyoshi Makoto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) is promising to be a powerful tool for precision astrometry of the area around Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) because it has a high angular resolution, high sensitivity, and wide field of view. We have observed the area including the Nuclear Star Cluster at 230 GHz with ALMA in 2017 October. The angular resolution is $\sim \!\!{0{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}03}$. We determined the relative positions to Sgr A* of 65 compact objects in the area with an accuracy of $\sim \!\! {0{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}001}$. We also analyzed the similar ALMA archival data obtained in 2019 June and determined the 64 relative positions in these objects. We derived the proper motions relative to Sgr A* by comparing these positions. The derived proper motions are roughly described with both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations around Sgr A*. The rotation velocities are reproduced by Kepler orbits bounded around Sgr A*. Moreover, the proper motions include co-moving clusters, for example IRS13E and IRS13N. The positions and proper motions are almost consistent with those found by previous infrared observations. Therefore the observational demonstrations would prove that ALMA is a powerful tool for precision astrometry of the region.
Chromatin remodeling complexes regulate genome architecture in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Tingting , Wang Dingyue , Tian Guangmei , Sun Linhua , Yang Minqi , Yin Xiaochang , Xiao Jun , Sheng Yu , Zhu Danmeng , He Hang , Zhou Yue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In eukaryotes, three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture maintains genome stability and is important in regulating gene transcription. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which diverse ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes regulate the 3D chromatin structure in plants. We examined the 3D chromatin structure within the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF, ISWI, INO80, and CHD remodeling complexes in wild-type (WT) and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants by combining high-throughput sequencing with in situ Hi-C, the enrichment of histone marks, nucleosome density, and gene expression. We found that compartment regions switched and compartmental strength was significantly weakened in all four enzyme mutants. Chromatin remodeling complexes differentially regulated the nucleosome distribution pattern and density within the switching compartments. Alterations of nucleosome distribution pattern and density were associated with a reduction in H3K27me3 levels in the chromatin remodeling enzyme mutants and led to compartment switching. Our data show that chromatin remodeling complexes regulate the linear nucleosome distribution pattern and density to promote H3K27me3 deposition, which in turn regulates 3D chromatin structure.
Effect of feeding mid- or zero-tannin faba bean cultivars differing in vicine and covicine content on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs
Authors: Nyende Protus W , Wang Li Fang , Zijlstra Ruurd T , Beltranena Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo prioritize what cultivars to grow to feed pigs, five faba bean cultivars including three zero-tannin, high vicine and covicine cultivars (Snowbird, Snowdrop, Tabasco), and two medium-tannin, lower vicine and covicine cultivars (Fabelle and Malik) were fed to compare effects on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 260 pigs (8 ± 1.2 kg), weaned at 20 ± 1 d of age housed 2 barrows and 2 gilts/pen were fed 1 of 5 dietary regimens starting 1-week post-weaning for 4 weeks in a randomized complete block design. Diets including each cultivar at 20% or 30% provided 10.2 and 10.1 MJ net energy (NE)/kg and 1.3 and 1.2 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Digestibility data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX and growth performance data were analyzed using PROC MIXED with pen as experimental unit. Fabelle contained the most condensed tannins (CT; 0.53%) but the least vicine (0.04%) and covicine (0.01%). Zero-tannin cultivars contained little CT (&lt;0.2%) but had the greatest vicine (0.5%) and covicine content (0.4%). For phase 1, diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry mater (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), digestible energy (DE), and NE values did not differ among cultivars. For phase 2, diet ATTD of DM and GE were greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for Snowdrop and Tabasco, intermediate for Fabelle, and lowest for Malik; Snowbird was not different from Fabelle or Malik. Diet ATTD of CP was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for Tabasco, intermediate for Snowbird, and lowest for Malik; Snowdrop was not different from Tabasco or Snowbird, and Fabelle was not different from Snowbird or Malik. Diet DE and NE values were greatest (P &lt; 0.05) for Tabasco, intermediate for Fabelle and Snowdrop, and lowest for Snowbird; Malik was not different from Fabelle or Snowbird. For the entire trial (d 0–28), daily feed disappearance and weight gain for pigs fed Fabelle were 10% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those fed Malik; pigs fed zero-tannin cultivar diets were intermediate. Pigs fed Fabelle were 1.6 kg heavier (P &lt; 0.05) than those fed Malik at the end of the trial; pigs fed zero-tannin cultivar diets were intermediate. In conclusion, growth performance of pigs fed faba bean cultivar diets was more related to feed disappearance than diet nutrient digestibility. Vicine and covicine instead of condensed tannin content of faba bean cultivars seemed more relevant to growth performance in weaned pigs.
Using the Greater Tuberosity as a Reference for Placement of Proximal Humerus Plates Leads to a High Rate of Calcar Screw Malposition
Authors: Patel Midhat , Castaneda Paulo , Kisana Haroon , Roache William K. , Dehghan Niloofar , McKee Michael D. , Amini Michael H. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:Achieving calcar fixation is critical to minimize the failure of proximal humerus fractures repaired with proximal humeral locking plates (PHLPs). Many operative technique manuals reference the greater tuberosity (GT) for plate placement. The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of calcar screw placement when PHLPs were placed based on distance from the GT.Methods:Twenty cadaveric specimens were acquired representing a height distribution across the US population. Thirteen different PHLPs were applied. A drill bit was placed through the designated calcar screw hole and measured on radiographs, with the inferior 25% of the head representing an ideal placement.Results:Three hundred fifty constructs were studied. In 28% of the specimens, the calcar screw was misplaced. In 20% of the specimens, it was too low, whereas in 8%, it was too high. The calcar screw missed low in 30% of patients shorter than 5 feet, 5.5 inches versus 8% of taller patients (P= 0.007). It missed high in 13% of taller patients versus 2% of shorter patients (P= 0.056). Calcar screws in variable-angle plates missed 0% of the time, whereas those in fixed-angle plates missed 36% of the time (P= 0.003).Conclusions:Placement of PHLPs based on distance from the GT results in unacceptable position of the calcar screw 28% of the time and up to 36% in fixed-angle plates. This could be further compounded if the GT is malreduced. Current technique guide recommendations result in an unacceptably high rate of calcar screw malposition.
Immunogenicity Associated with Aesthetic Botulinumtoxin A: A Survey of Asia-Pacific Physicians’ Experiences and Recommendations
Authors: Park Je-Young , Corduff Niamh , Frevert Jürgen , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Chao Yates Y.Y. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Most botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) products contain unnecessary bacterial components that increase the risk of developing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). Reports of secondary nonresponse and treatment failures (STF) due to nAbs have accompanied a surge in new BoNT/A products.

Methods:
To formulate recommendations on managing toxin resistance, we reviewed the evidence on BoNT/A-associated immunogenicity and evaluated Asian physicians' current BoNT/A practices, knowledge, and real-world experiences, as provided by survey outcomes conducted with 128 Asian experts (regular botulinum toxin injectors).

Results:
Most doctors believe STF occurs, some patients exhibit partial symptoms, and impurities (eg, complexing proteins) in BoNT/A preparations risk STF. Bioassays that distinguish non-nAbs from nAbs that hinder toxin function remain unavailable to most doctors, though most would perform testing if given the option. Doctors in the Asia-Pacific region have differing strategies for managing STF, depending on the availability of alternatives or tests. They recommended switching to a highly-purified formulation free of complexing proteins and other impurities to lower the risk of immunogenicity, or offering treatment holidays of 2 -2.5 years. They suggested restarting treatment with the same highly purified formulation, especially for repeated treatments, large-dose injections, and younger patients who will accumulate higher lifetime doses, so as to minimize immunogenic risks and preserve long-term treatment outcomes. Importantly, doctors should always initiate patients on pure formulations rather than switching to these only after resistance develops.

Conclusion:
Choosing highly purified BoNT/A products at treatment initiation enhances long-term efficacy and patient satisfaction while minimizing the risk of immune activation and nAb formation.
Early Expression of MMP-9 Predicts Recovery of Tibialis Anterior after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury
Authors: Brogan David M. , Dy Christopher J. , Wever Jason , Lee Tony , Achilefu Samuel 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of molecular markers and epineural blood flow after differing degrees of nerve injury to identify potential tools to predict nerve recovery in a rat sciatic nerve model.

Methods:
A total of 72 rats were divided into nine groups. Each group was subjected to one of three crush injuries, created by applying one of three vascular clamps for 30 seconds. Vascularity was assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry before and after crush, and at nonsurvival surgery. Nonsurvival surgeries were performed 6 hours, 2 weeks, or 6 weeks later with nerve conduction studies and muscle strength testing. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in each nerve was quantified using with enzyme linked immunosorbent analysis.

Results:
Persistent hyperemia was noted in the zone of injury compared with baseline at 2 weeks and 6 weeks in the groups that displayed incomplete recovery. Expression of MMP-9 at 6 hours increased with increasing severity of crush and was inversely related to tibialis anterior muscle force recovery. The ratio of MMP-9:MMP-2 expression correlated well with recovery of compound nerve action potential amplitude at 6 weeks.

Conclusions:
Resolution of nerve hyperemia may correlate with nerve recovery from trauma, but early measures of nerve blood flow after injury are not prognostic of recovery. Ratio of MMP-9:MMP-2 expression 6 hours after injury correlates with recovery of compound nerve action potential at 6 weeks, while MMP-9 expression alone predicts tibialis anterior recovery. These findings together suggest that increased MMP-9 expression is a potentially useful marker of more severe nerve injury.
Current Trends in Breast Reconstruction following Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy
Authors: Hu Vivian J. , McCleary Sean P. , Smullin Carolyn P. , Rosales Morales Ricardo , Da Lio Andrew L. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Individuals with genetic susceptibility to breast cancer may pursue bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) and subsequent breast reconstruction. This study aimed to characterize immediate reconstructive trends following BPM.

Methods:
The ACS-NSQIP database (2010 -2019) was used to examine differences in demographics and operative outcomes based on breast reconstruction technique following BPM and factors predicting reconstruction type.

Results:
Of 1945 patients (mean age, 43.8 ± 11.3 years), implant-based reconstruction (IBR) was most frequently (71.8%) performed following BPM. Patients who underwent IBR (n = 1396) were younger (42.6 years, P < 0.001), more likely to be White (P < 0.05), and more likely to have a BMI less than 25 (P < 0.001). Patients who underwent autologous reconstruction (AR) (n = 186, 45.8 years) were more likely to be Black or African American and have a BMI of 25–30. Patients who underwent mastectomy only (MO) without immediate reconstruction (n = 363) were older (47.6 years), more likely to be Asian, and more likely to have a BMI greater than 35. The MO cohort had the highest frequency of diabetes or smoking history. AR was associated with longer operations, longer lengths of stay, and increased complications. Increasing age and BMI were predictive of AR or MO compared to IBR. Smoking was predictive of MO.

Conclusion:
This is the first large-scale study of genetically susceptible patients who underwent BPM demonstrating a significant relationship between patient demographics, operative outcomes, and immediate reconstruction technique. These results provide valuable insight for surgeons and patients during the shared decision-making process.
Trends in Time to Extubation for Pediatric Postoperative Cardiac Patients and Its Correlation With Changes in Clinical Outcomes: A Virtual PICU Database Study*
Authors: Epstein Rebecca , Ohliger Shelley J. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Malay Sindhoosha , Shein Steven L. 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Mechanical ventilation is often used in children after cardiac surgery but can impair hemodynamics and cause lung injury. Early extubation may improve ICU length of stay and survival. We aimed to describe trends in early extubation rates and evaluate if centers that more commonly practice early extubation have better severity-adjusted outcomes.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis was performed of admissions in the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS, LLC) database from 2009 to 2018. Early extubation was defined as patients extubated in the operating room or within 6 hours of PICU admission.

SETTING:
PICUs participating in the VPS database.

PATIENTS:
Children in the VPS database who underwent cardiac surgery.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among 69,739 subjects, 20% were neonates, 47% underwent early extubation, 5.3% failed extubation, and 2.5% died. Overall, early extubation rates did not change over the study period. Centers were placed in one of four groups based on their early extubation rate in lower complexity surgeries. Centers that most commonly used early extubation had more ICU-free time among all patients in univariable analysis (lowest early extubation group, 23.8 d [interquartile range, 18.2–25.9 d]; highest early extubation group, 24.7 d [20.0–26.2 d]; p < 0.001). After adjusting for center volume, sex, age, surgical complexity, and preoperative ICU admission, increasing center-level early extubation rates were not associated with more ICU-free days. Higher center-level early extubation rate was not associated with mortality in univariable or multivariable analysis but was associated with decreased extubation failure rate (lowest early extubation group, 6.4%; highest early extubation group, 3.6%; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large, multicenter database study, early extubation rates in postoperative cardiac patients did not significantly change between 2009 and 2018. Centers that performed early extubation more frequently did not have shorter ICU stays or difference in mortality rates but did have lower reintubation rates.
Impact of Predatory Journals in Plastic Surgery Literature: Researchers Beware
Authors: Asaad Malke , Elmorsi Rami , Winocour Sebastian , Mericli Alexander F. , Reece Edward , Selber Jesse C. , Butler Charles E. , Chu Carrie K. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Predatory journals have exploited the open access publishing model and are considered as a major threat to the integrity of scientific research. The goal of this study was to characterize predatory publishing practices in plastic surgery.

Methods:
To identify potentially predatory journals in the field of plastic surgery, the authors searched the Cabells’ Predatory Reports and Beall’s List using preidentified keywords. For presumed legitimate open access journals, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) was queried. The characteristics of potentially predatory journals were compared to those of legitimate open access plastic surgery journals.

Results:
The authors identified a total of 25 plastic surgery–focused journals. Out of the 25 potentially predatory journals, only 15 journals had articles published within the last 5 years, with a mean number of articles of 33 ± 39 (range, 2 to 159 articles). The mean number of predatory violations according to Cabells’ criteria was 6.8 ± 1.4 (range, 3 to 9). Using the DOAJ database, the authors identified a total of 24 plastic surgery–related journals. Compared to potentially predatory journals, journals from the DOAJ were more likely to be indexed in PubMed (0 versus 50 percent, respectively, p < 0.0001). Time to publication was significantly higher in journals from the DOAJ (17 ± 7 versus 4 ± 1 weeks; p = 0.006). Despite higher article processing charges in the DOAJ group, this difference was not statically significant ($1425 ± $717 versus $1071 ± $1060; p = 0.13).

Conclusions:
Predatory journals are pervasive in the medical literature and plastic surgery is no exception. Plastic surgeons should practice due diligence when choosing a target journal for their articles. Journals with predatory practices should be distinguished from legitimate open access publication platforms.