bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PGT for human blastocysts with potential parental contamination using quantitative parental contamination testing (qPCT): an evidence-based study
Authors: Dong Yunqiao , Liu Dun , Zou Yangyun , Wan Cheng , Chen Chuangqi , Dong Mei , Huang Yuqiang , Huang Cuiyu , Weng Huinan , Zhu Xiulan , Wang Fang , Jiao Shujing , Liu Na , Lu Sijia , Zhang Xiqian , Liu Fenghua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background：There is an urgent clinical need for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in frozen conventional human in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. However, it is difficult to detect parental contamination from sperm and cumulus cells in frozen conventional human IVF embryos during PGT with current methods. We established a quantification method for the parental contamination test, named qPCT, which ensures the results more reliable and substantially reduces the risk of PGT in frozen conventional IVF embryos.Methords：34 patients who had experienced repeated implantation failure or abortion due to chromosomal abnormalities after embryo transfer in prior routine IVF cycles. A total of 120 surplus frozen blastocysts from them were available for the study. Parental DNA contamination in the biopsied TE cells was detected via qPCT assay during PGT. To analyze the ploidy status of blastocysts, the amplified DNA of TE samples was sequenced using a NextSeq 550 sequencer with a single-ended read length of 55 bp..Result(s): A new quantification method for parental contamination testing (qPCT) in single-cell whole-genome amplification (WGA) products based on allelic ratio analysis was established and validated in an artificial model by comparing 22 results obtained before and after adding different numbers of sperm and cumulus cells to biopsied TE cells. The results of the prospective clinical study of qPCT-PGT-A showed that the maternal contamination rate was 0.83% (1/120) and the risk of paternal contamination was negligible. The euploidy rate in these blastocysts was 47.50% (57/120), and 21 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles resulted in ten ongoing clinical pregnancies and four healthy births.Conclusion(s): The evidence we provide in the study shows a low risk of PGT in embryos simultaneously with adhered sperm and cumulus cells. The qPCT assay can be used to detect the risk of potential contamination and ensure the accuracy of PGT results, thereby improving the clinical outcome of IVF.
Authentication of Microplastic Accumulation in Customary Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Rajendran Kayalvizhi , Rajendiran Ramya , Pasupathi Mukil Sukitha , Ahamed Shahanaz Begum Nazir , Kalyanasundaram Parvatham , Velu Rajesh Kannan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The environment has become a major source of plastic pollution. Microplastics have been well documented in aquatic ecosystems as an increasing pollutant of worldwide relevance, but little is known about their effects on the terrestrial environment, particularly in agroecosystems. Researches have recently proven that microplastics can affect human health and are found in human organs and tissues. In this present study, two different types of fruits like grapes (Vitis vinifera) and banana (Musa paradisiaca), vegetables like brinjal (Solanum melongena) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were collected from local market in Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India and analysed for microplastics accumulation. Further, we identified the microplastic size through stereomicroscope, in grapes and banana the microplastic size was 0.002 mm and 0.01 mm respectively as well as vegetables like potato and brinjal the microplastic size was 0.002 mm and 0.01mm. The identified microplastics had been chemically characterized by FT-IR and viewed through SEM.
Embodiment of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs in Virtual Reality
Authors: Arai Ken , Saito Hiroto , Fukuoka Masaaki , Ueda Sachiyo , Sugimoto Maki , Kitazaki Michiteru , Inami Masahiko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The supernumerary robotic limb system expands the motor function of human users by adding extra artificially designed limbs. It is important for us to embody the system as if it is a part of one’s own body and to maintain cognitive transparency in which the cognitive load is suppressed. Embodiment studies have been conducted with an expansion of bodily functions through a “substitution” and “extension.” However, there have been few studies on the “addition” of supernumerary body parts. In this study, we developed a supernumerary robotic limb system that operates in a virtual environment, and then evaluated whether the extra limb can be regarded as a part of one’s own body using a questionnaire and whether the perception of peripersonal space change with a visuotactile crossmodal congruency task. We found that the participants can embody the extra-limbs after using the supernumerary robotic limb system. We also found a positive correlation between the perceptual change in the crossmodal congruency task and the subjective feeling that the number of one’s arms had increased (supernumerary limb sensation). These results suggest that the addition of an extra body part may cause the participants to feel that they had acquired a new body part that differs from their original body part through a functional expansion.
Adherence to modern contraceptives among female refugee adolescents in northern Uganda: A prospective single cohort study
Authors: Bakesiima Ritah , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Beyeza-Kashesya Jolly , Ayebare Elizabeth , Cleeve Amanda , Larsson Elin C. , Nabirye Rose Chalo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Contraceptive adherence is the current and consistent use of a contraceptive method as prescribed by a health worker or family planning provider so as to prevent pregnancy. Globally, adherence is lowest among adolescents. This has greatly contributed to the high burden of adolescent pregnancies. Adherence and reasons for discontinuation among refugee adolescents are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of adherence to modern contraceptives among female refugee adolescents in northern Uganda.Methods: A prospective single cohort study, nested into a randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing the effect of peer counselling on acceptance of modern contraceptives. The RCT was conducted among female refugee adolescents in Palabek refugee settlement, northern Uganda. The study involved 272 new starters of modern contraceptives who were followed up for six months from May 2019 to January 2020. The outcome was measured at one, three and six months after receiving a contraceptive method. Data was analysed using STATA version 14.0.Results: Adherence rates were low and reduced over time. By the end of the six months, only 44% of the participants were using a contraceptive method. The commonest reasons for non-adherence were side effects and partner prohibition. Participants using long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) were more likely to adhere compared to those who were using short acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.914-5.937, p=<0.001). There was no difference in adherence between participants who received peer counselling and those who received routine counselling.Conclusion: Adherence to modern contraceptives was low, leaving adolescents at risk of unintended pregnancies. Participants using LARC were more likely to adhere than those using SARC. Interventions addressing fear of side effects and partner prohibition should be studied and implemented to enable adherence to modern contraceptives.
Wine Quality and Type Prediction from Physicochemical Properties Using Neural Networks for Machine Learning: A Free Software for Winemakers and Customers
Authors: Mor Nuriel Shalom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quality assessment is a crucial issue within the wine industry. The traditional way of assessing by human experts is time consuming and very expensive. Machine learning techniques help in the process of quality assurance in a wide range of industries. The purpose of this study was to develop and offer a free software, for winemakers and customers in which they can easily provide the physicochemical properties of the wine and receive an accurate prediction of the anticipated quality and type of the wine. We used comprehensive datasets of 6497 examples, which contained physicochemical properties and appropriate quality. We combined these datasets, built and trained several neural networks models. We evaluated their performance and selected the best model. Wine quality estimations were modeled as a regression problem and wine type detection as a classification problem. The best model performed well for prediction of wine quality (root means squared error=0.54) and type (f-score=0.99). With our free software, winemakers and customers can examine how a fine change in each physicochemical property could affect the quality of the wine. They could easily figure out the importance of each physicochemical property, and which one to ignore for reduction of cost. The process is very fast, accurate and does not require taste experts for sensory tests.
Foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care: consultation patterns, management practices and costs
Authors: Menz Hylton B. , Williams Cylie M. , Lazzarini Peter A. , Gordon Julie , Harrison Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Foot ankle, and leg problems are highly prevalent in the general population. The objective of this study was to explore consultation patterns, management practices and costs of foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care.
Methods: We analysed encounter data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program, April 2000 to March 2016 inclusive. Foot, ankle, and leg problems were identified using the International Classiﬁcation of Primary Care, Version 2 PLUS clinical terminology. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and 95% conﬁdence intervals around point estimates, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine general practitioner (GP) and patient characteristics independently associated with a foot, ankle or leg problem being managed at an encounter. Cost to government was estimated by extracting fees for GP consultations, diagnostic imaging, and pathology services from the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. Costs for prescription-only medicines were extracted from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule, and for non-prescribed medications, large banner discount pharmacy prices were used.
Results: GPs recorded 1,568,100 patient encounters, at which 50,877 foot, ankle or leg problems were managed at a rate of 3.24 (95% CIs 3.21 to 3.28) per 100 encounters. The management rate per head of population increased by 34% between 2000 and 2016. Management of a foot, ankle or leg problem was independently associated with patient characteristics (increased age, having a health care card, and being English-speaking) and GP characteristics (male sex, younger age, and Australian graduate). The most frequently used management practice was the use of medications, followed by procedures/physical medicine and imaging. The average cost (Australian dollars) per encounter was A$52, with the total annual cost estimated at A$256m. Of this total cost, MBS items comprised $139m, followed by imaging (A$69m), medications (A$29m) and pathology (A$18m).
Conclusions: Foot, ankle and leg problems are frequently managed by GPs, and the costs associated with their management represent a substantial economic impact in Australian primary care.
Agarose Gel Microcapsules Enable Easy-to-prepare, Picolitre-scale Single-cell Genomics, Yielding Near-complete Genome Sequences
Authors: Aoki Hiroyoshi , Masahiro Yuki , Shimizu Michiru , Hongoh Yuichi , Ohkuma Moriya , Yamagata Yutaka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel type of agarose gel microcapsule (AGM), consisting of an alginate picolitre sol core and an agarose gel shell, was developed to obtain high-quality single-cell amplified genomic DNA of bacteria. The AGM is easy to prepare in a stable emulsion with oil of water-equivalent density which prevents AGM aggregation, with only standard laboratory equipment. Single cells from a pure culture of Escherichia coli, a mock community comprising 15 strains of human gut bacteria, and a termite gut bacterial community were encapsulated within AGMs, and their genomic DNA samples were prepared with massively parallel amplifications in a tube. The genome sequencing did not need second-round amplification, and showed an average genome completeness that was much higher than that obtained using a conventional amplification method in microlitre scale, regardless of the genomic guanine-cytosine contents. Our novel method using the AGM allows many researchers to perform single-cell genomics easily and effectively, and can accelerate the genome analysis of yet-uncultured microorganisms.
The Effects of Ionotropic GABA Receptor Blockage on Brain in Sepsis-induced Rats
Authors: Ates Gulten , Ozkok Elif , Gundogan Gul Ipek , Tamer Sule 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Encephalopathy develops following sepsis, which is defined as life-threatening organ failure due to the irregular response of a host to infection. It has high mortality and morbidity rates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inflammation on brain tissue, and the effects of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline in rats with sepsis. Sepsis was experimentally generated in rats using Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were divided into four groups as control, LPS (10 mg/kg i.p.), bicuculline (1.5 mg/kg bicuculline methiodide s.c.), and LPS+bicuculline. Electrophysiologic recordings and body temperature measurements were completed at the 24th hour after injection, and blood samples were taken from the heart for measurements of biochemical parameters. TNF-α, IL-10, and GABA levels were measured using ELISA, and MDA levels were measured using the Bouge method from tissue. Tissue imaging was performed with S100-ß, NEUN, and synaptophysin antibody using immunofluorescence staining. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used in statistical analysis. Inflammatory parameters significantly increased in brain tissue in the LPS group compared with the other groups. The immunofluorescence staining results in brain tissue were as follows: S-100ß involvement increased, and NeuN and synaptophysin involvement decreased in the LPS group. In electrophysiologic recordings, activity consistent with acute non-focal seizures was observed in the LPS group; however, resting status in others. We suggest that the GABAA antagonist bicuculline methiodide may be a prophylactic agent in sepsis, which caused the impaired neurotransmitter balance, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and lipid peroxidation, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Bifidobacterium Catenulatum Reveal the Genetic Divergence of its Two Subspecies from Infant and Adult Gut
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Li Weicheng , Yao Caiqing , Yu Jie , Zhang Heping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

The two subspecies of Bifidobacterium catenulatum, B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense and B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum, are usually from the infant and adult gut, respectively. However, the genomic analysis of their functional difference and genetic divergence has been rare. Here, 16 B. catenulatum strains, including 2 newly sequenced strains, were analysed through comparative genomics. A phylogenetic tree based on 785 core genes indicated that the two subspecies were significantly divergent.
Results

A phylogenetic tree based on 785 core genes indicated that the two subspecies of B. catenulatum were significantly separated. The comparison of genomic characteristics revealed that the two subspecies had significantly different genomic sizes (p<0.05) but similar GC contents. The functional comparison revealed the most significant difference in carbohydrate utilisation. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) present two clustering patterns in B. catenulatum. The B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense specially including the glycoside hydrolases 95 (GH95) and carbohydrate-binding modules 51 (CBM51) families involved in the metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) common in infants, also, the corresponding fucosylated HMO gene clusters were detected. Meanwhile, B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum rich in GH3 may metabolise more plant-derived glycan in the adult intestine.
Conclusions

These findings provide genomic evidence of carbohydrate utilisation bias, which may be a key cause of the genetic divergence of two B. catenulatum subspecies.
Regularities and Principles of Training the Students for Future Professional Activities
Authors: Skrobach Nadiia , Shapoval Oksana , Vyshyvanyuk Vira , Petryna Vitalii 
Published: February 2022

One of the most important results of the process of training students for future professional activity is the desired level of formation of their professional thinking. Thinking is a rational level and a way of forming cognitive, evaluative and practical actions. The peculiarity of this method is in the orientation of the subject to the objectivity, universality and productivity.
The approach to the concept of professional thinking as a special type of spiritual activity leads the researcher to work out the principle of monism of existence and thinking, and thus allows the derivation of forms of human spiritual activity from the laws of the material world, social practice, labor, social relations.
Training is performed on the basis of objective laws, according to which the class managers and those who study coordinate their actions. Education is a process of contradictory unity of reproductive and productive educational-cognitive activities of students.
Due to the fact that education involves the development of participants, it covers learning situations in which students study to master and manage the ways of professional productive activity.
Education – is a process of transition of a degree of educational-cognitive independence of participants of the classes into the quality of their material mastering.
This regularity draws attention to the existence of a connection between the educational-cognitive independence of the lessons participants and the quality of their material mastering. If the teacher evaluates only the results of the students’ actions as such, ignoring the fact that the class participant has no knowledge, skills, thus – he is wrong. The students must be given the opportunity to make up lost ground, enrich their fund with the new experience, inspire confidence in success.
The subject distinctness of the professional thinking is that the subject of work (occupation, business) “dictates” the way it is understood, i.e., knowledge of the material becomes a form of thinking. When studying the impact of technology on the human consciousness, we should not only talk about the coincidence of the forms of objects with the forms of thinking, but definitely highlight the unity of professional actions and the logic of professional thinking.
Influence of Insulin Resistance and Obesity on the Autonomic Regulation of Rat Heart Rate under Conditions of Adequate and Limited Iodine Supply
Authors: Todoriv Tetiana 
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases remain a major medical problems in most countries around the world, causing significant economic disbenefit. An important pathogenetic mechanism of the influence of insulin resistance and hypothyroidism on the cardiovascular system is the alteration in the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm.
Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) in rats with insulin resistance and obesity under the conditions of adequate and limited iodine supply.
Materials and Methods. Studies were performed on 90 nonlinear rats pandomized by random sampling. The response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was studied using a computer program to analyze HRV “Poly-Spectrum.NET” with the additional module “Poly-Spectrum.NET/Veterinary”.
Results. It was determined that the co-directed dynamics of geometric and statistical analysis of HRV and balance shift in the direction of the low-frequency component in spectrum analysis of the heart rate regarding control data were revealed in rats with isolated insulin resistance, obesity and combined endocrinopathy (insulin resistance and obesity under the conditions of limited iodine supply).
Conclusion. The prevalence of sympathetic ANS activity under the conditions of insulin resistance and obesity can contribute to cardiac arrhythmias, the development of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and with a high probability to cause some cases of life-threatening arrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular). Iodine deficiency contributes to the depletion of regulatory effects of ANS and limits the range of adaptive capabilities and resources of the organism.
Effectiveness of Vaccination: Hospital Admission and Length of Stay
Authors: Aldamen Tareq , Asad Majed , Yaqoub Mahmoud , Alhawaratt Mohammad , Aqel Ashraf , M Asad Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Background
COVID-19 vaccinations were first met with public hesitancy. There are some debates about the vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing hospital admissions or length of stay.

Objective
We aim to compare the effectiveness of different vaccine statuses and types with hospital admissions and length of stay.

Methods
Data related to hospital admissions, length of stay, the need for intensive care, and vaccination data were obtained from the Jordanian Ministry of Health.

Results
A total of 17,182 hospital admissions were recorded from February 2, 2021, the earliest date a vaccinated individual who has passed the 20-day mark on the first dose was admitted with relation to COVID-19, to August 15, 2021. The mean age admitted was 53 years. From all those who were admitted, the unvaccinated group was the majority in both overall admissions (93.7% with the length of stay of 6.9 days for older groups and 8.3 days for the younger) and intensive care unit admissions for both the older and younger age groups (91.23% and 93.3%, respectively), followed by those fully vaccinated (3.4% with the length of stay by vaccine type: Pfizer 4.9-6.1 with 115 admissions; AstraZeneca 10.8-5.1 with 26 admissions; Sinopharm 5.3-6.7 with 440 admissions; Sputnik 2-4 with 4 admissions) and those with only the first dose (2.5% with the length of stay by vaccine type: Pfizer 7.05-7.25 with 133 admissions; AstraZeneca 7.73-7.53 with 109 admissions; Sinopharm 6.5-7.9 with 253 admissions; Sputnik 4 with 1 admission). The time between the vaccination and admission was noticeably longer after the second dose of each vaccine compared to only the first dose with the exception of AstraZeneca (Pfizer 35.4-35.73 to 46.8-79.85; AstraZeneca 48.3-50.7 to 33.4-43.4; Sinopharm 22.65-24.86 to 54-62.9; Sputnik 28 to 99.5-101.5).

Conclusions
The study showed a lower admission and shorter stay at the hospital for those who are vaccinated, indicating the ability of vaccines to reduce the burden on the health care system.