bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy balance, efficiency and operational limits of the dynamo type flux pump
Authors: Morandi A , Russo G , Fabbri M , Soldati L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In rotating flux pumps, a rectified voltage, with non-zero DC component, is obtained at the terminals due to the combined effect of the distributed AC electromotive force, produced by one or more permanent magnets in circular motion and the non-linear resistivity of the superconductor. Overcritical currents are continuously induced in the tape during operation, giving rise to the DC voltage and producing, at the same time, dissipation. In this paper, the energy behavior of the flux pump is numerically investigated. It is shown that induced currents interact with the rotating magnet(s), producing a resistant torque that is little affected by the output current of the flux pump. Due to this interaction mechanism, a significant part of the mechanical power supplied to the rotor is converted into Joule heating within the tape. The paper also explores the operational limits of the flux pump, showing that the generator operation, involving an electric power delivered to the load combined with a mechanical power supplied to the rotor, can only be achieved in a restricted range of current and voltage at the terminals and that the maximum power transfer and efficiency are reached at the middle of the generator range. Under no conditions, the mechanical torque produced on the rotor can be reversed, reaching the motor mode involving an electric power absorbed at the terminals combined with a mechanical power produced on the rotor. A revised equivalent circuit comprising, besides the effective resistance reported in the literature, a further intrinsic resistance is proposed in the paper for taking all the dissipation mechanisms into account. It is shown that this equivalent circuit can predict the energization of an RL load both concerning the final steady values and the full time-domain behavior of the current (including ripples).
Disorder-induced 2D superconductivity in a NbTiN film grown on Si by ultrahigh-vacuum magneton sputtering
Authors: Chen Sheng-Zong , Yang Jing-Wei , Peng Tzu-Yu , Chu Yu-Cheng , Yeh Ching-Chen , Hu I-Fan , Mhatre Swapnil , Lu Yu-Jung , Liang Chi-Te 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report on the growth and characterization of a niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN) film on a Si substrate prepared by ultrahigh vacuum sputtering. We show that the superconducting transition temperature is lower than those of high-quality NbTiN films. Interestingly, even though the zero-temperature Ginzburg-Landau coherence length (=9.77 nm) is significantly shorter than the film thickness (=86 nm), we are still able to observe the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like transition, indicating the two-dimensional (2D) signature of our three-dimensional (3D) sample. We propose that the mechanism of hidden 2D superconducting property is similar to the recently reported results of the disordered induced 3D to 2D superconductor transition. We suggest further theoretical work is required for studying our new experimental results.
Neuroimaging gradient alterations and epileptogenic prediction in focal cortical dysplasia IIIa
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Zhang Jianguo , Hu Wenhan , Shao Xiaoqiu , Sang Lin , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Chao , Wang Yao , Wang Xiu , Liu Chang , Zhao Baotian , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa (FCD IIIa) is a highly prevalent temporal lobe epilepsy but the seizure outcomes are not satisfactory after epilepsy surgery. Hence, quantitative neuroimaging, epileptogenic alterations, as well as their values in guiding surgery are worth exploring. Approach. We examined 69 patients with pathologically verified FCD IIIa using multimodal neuroimaging and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Among them, 18 received postoperative imaging which showed the extent of surgical resection and 9 underwent SEEG implantation. We also explored neuroimaging gradient alterations along with the distance to the temporal pole. Subsequently, the machine learning regression model was employed to predict whole-brain epileptogenicity. Lastly, the correlation between neuroimaging or epileptogenicity and surgical cavities was assessed. Main results. FCD IIIa displayed neuroimaging gradient alterations on the temporal neocortex, morphology-signal intensity decoupling, low similarity of intra-morphological features and high similarity of intra-signal intensity features. The support vector regression model was successfully applied at the whole-brain level to calculate the continuous epileptogenic value at each vertex (mean-squared error = 13.8 ± 9.8). Significance. Our study investigated the neuroimaging gradient alterations and epileptogenicity of FCD IIIa, along with their potential values in guiding suitable resection range and in predicting postoperative seizure outcomes. The conclusions from this study may facilitate an accurate presurgical examination of FCD IIIa. However, further investigation including a larger cohort is necessary to confirm the results.
Heat kernel, spectral functions and anomalies in Weyl semimetals
Authors: Ivanov A V , Kurkov M A , Vassilevich D V 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Being motivated by applications to the physics of Weyl semimetals we study spectral geometry of Dirac operator with an abelian gauge field and an axial vector field. We impose chiral bag boundary conditions with variable chiral phase θ on the fermions. We establish main properties of the spectral functions which ensure applicability of the ζ function regularization and of the usual heat kernel formulae for chiral and parity anomalies. We develop computational methods, including a perturbation expansion for the heat kernel. We show that the terms in both anomalies which include electromagnetic potential are independent of θ.
Integral transform approach to mimetic discrete calculus
Authors: Macêdo A M S , da Silva L D , Souza L G B , Batista C A , de Oliveira W R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We introduce an integral transform that maps differential equations and special functions of standard continuous calculus onto finite difference equations and deformed special functions of mimetic discrete calculus, or h-calculus. We show that our procedure leads to insightful reformulations of several problems in mathematics and physics where discrete equations play a significant role, such as in solving finite difference equations, in applying discrete versions of integral transforms, such as the h-Laplace transform, in solving master equations of stochastic physics, in developing a discrete version of H theory of multiscale complex hierarchical phenomena and in finding lattice Green’s functions for describing quantum charge transport through phase coherent systems. We believe that our integral transform technique, or mimetic map, will help systematize the connections through analogy between discrete calculus and standard continuous calculus.
Development of a small power generation system with a miniature-scale swirl burner, controlled heat transfer, and thermoelectric generators
Authors: Sheykhbaglou Soroush , Robati Seyed M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in small power-consuming electric devices have increased the demand for appropriate, compact, rapidly rechargeable, lightweight, and long-lived power sources with higher energy densities. Hydrocarbon fuels are capable of providing high specific energy density, so combustion-based power generators have received increasing attention as an interesting alternative to batteries. In this study, a small power generation system using a miniature-scale swirl burner, two thermoelectric generators (TEGs), a heat medium, and two water blocks as heat sink has been developed. Various swirl strengths ranging from

0

to

1

are studied to find the optimum swirl number (vane angle) for the blow-out limit. The swirl number related to the greatest stable region is found

0.5

which is associated with the

30
°

vane angle for the 3D printed axial swirlers. Because normal-butane is easily liquified and stored, and is in the gas phase at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, it is chosen as the fuel. This paper examines the effect of three thermal input powers of

194
,

291
,

and

388

W

along with various airflow rates on the performance of the power generation system at the

30
°

vane angle swirler. The results show that about 3 min is needed for our system to reach a steady power output. Moreover, it is observed that the maximum output power is found at the load resistance of

R

load

=
3

Ω

for studied operating conditions. Besides, it is shown that by considering the airflow rate fixed, the power output of the system increases with an increase in the fuel flow rate (thermal input power). Furthermore, a maximum power output of

17.2

W

is obtained for the fuel flow rate and an airflow rate of

0.200

slpm

(

≈
388

W

) and

2.7

slpm
,

respectively, which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of about

4.5
%

at

R
=
3

Ω

load resistance.
Simulation of Zircaloy and SiC cladding thermal performance of a nuclear fuel rod subassembly
Authors: Handa Devanshi , Ray Dipanjan , Munshi Prabhat , Kalra Manjeet Singh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A thermal-hydraulic analysis of a nuclear fuel rod subassembly of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) has been performed during a Loss of Flow Accident (LOFA). Two different cladding materials are studied in this exercise namely, (a) conventional Zircaloy (Zr) and (b) a Silicon Carbide (SiC) cladding concept approach using monolithic SiC and SiC composite two-layer structure. The simulation is carried out by using USNRC licensed and AERB approved RELAP5/MOD3.4 code. A short-time problem is analyzed, neglecting the burnup change and irradiation effects. A transition into film boiling is observed in the upper part of the rod during LOFA, causing the convective heat transfer coefficient to decrease. The peak cladding temperatures and the Critical Heat Flux Ratio (CHFR) values of the two cladding materials are compared. From a safety perspective, the use of SiC is considered as it will be able to maintain performance during the operational transients.
Evaluation of the effects of the print parameters in additive manufacturing process for dimensional control of printed parts using a traceable coordinate measuring machine
Authors: Wang Shihua , Yu Shengkai , Choy Sing Ying , Tan Siew Leng , Xu Baoxi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Until now, selective laser melting (SLM) process has become more extensive as one of the useful additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. During the course of AM process, there are a number of print parameters (e.g., laser power, hatch spacing, scanning speed, powder layer thickness, scanning strategy, beam offset, X-axis scaling , Y-axis scaling and Z-axis scaling and etc) affecting the dimensional accuracy of final part printed. Among these parameters, four print parameters (beam offset, X-axis scaling, Y-axis scaling and Z-axis scaling) have direct effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the four SLM print parameters on dimensional accuracy of parts fabricated from Inconel 718 alloy. Specific artefacts were designed for AM process and related measurements were conducted using a high accurate coordinate measuring machine (CMM) traceable to the International System of Units (SI) of metre. The CMM measured results were analyzed to demonstrate how the four print parameters result in dimension variation due to adjustment of the print parameters. It was found both external and internal diameters of the artefact are changing in an opposite direction with the beam offset setting. The measured results show: (1) there is a good linearity of the dimensions (6 mm to 30 mm) to a beam offset within ± 0.1 mm. The 0.1 mm change of beam offset could systematically introduce 0.2 mm change in external and internal dimensions; (2) both linear dimension and form error (e.g., cylindricity) are sensitive to the X-axis scaling , Y-axis scaling and Z-axis scaling. The dimensional accuracy of AM printed parts could be optimized by the adjustments of these setting parameters in AM machine.
Evaluation of pharmacist time dedicated to vancomycin dosing in adult patients using a 24-hour AUC nomogram or trough monitoring approach: A time motion study
Authors: Chung Daniel , Efta Jessica , Brunsman Allison , Gabriel Jacenta , Johnson Joseph , Martz Carolyn , Stuart Misa , Kenney Rachel , Smith Zachary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Evidence-based guideline recommendations for vancomycin dosing recently shifted from a trough-based strategy to an area under the curve (AUC) approach. While several AUC dosing methods exist, the optimal approach has not been determined. Literature characterizing time requirements for various vancomycin dosing strategies remains limited.

Methods
A time and motion study was conducted to measure the time spent by clinical pharmacists dosing vancomycin using an AUC nomogram. Pharmacists who dosed and monitored vancomycin for adult patients on the general medical ward (GMW) or intensive care unit (ICU) of a large academic medical center consented to study participation. Vulnerable patients and vancomycin orders for surgical infection prophylaxis were excluded. The primary outcome was the median amount of time clinical pharmacists dedicated to vancomycin-related clinical activities during an 8-hour weekday shift. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients prescribed vancomycin at the beginning of each shift and factors contributing to greater than average time spent on vancomycin-related responsibilities.

Results
Seven clinical pharmacists collected data on 178 vancomycin orders. The estimated amount of time a clinical pharmacist spent on daily vancomycin responsibilities averaged 10.45 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 6.94-15.8 minutes). The overall median time requirement per vancomycin assessment was 3.45 minutes (IQR, 1.95-6.7 minutes). The only factor independently associated with prolonged dosing time was follow-up dosing from a previous day.

Conclusion
The study elucidated time requirements associated with an AUC nomogram–based vancomycin dosing approach. This data could be used to compare time requirements associated with other existing vancomycin dosing strategies, which may help healthcare systems determine the optimal AUC dosing method for their specific practice model.
Environmental variation drives the decoupling of leaf and root traits within species along an elevation gradient
Authors: Weemstra M , Roumet C , Cruz-Maldonado N , Anthelme F , Stokes A , Freschet G T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Plant performance is enhanced by balancing above- and below-ground resource uptake through the intraspecific adjustment of leaf and root traits. It is assumed that these organ adjustments are at least partly coordinated, so that analogous leaf and root traits broadly covary. Understanding the extent of such intraspecific leaf–root trait covariation would strongly contribute to our understanding of how plants match above- and below-ground resource use strategies as their environment changes, but comprehensive studies are lacking.

Methods
We measured analogous leaf and root traits from 11 species, as well as climate, soil and vegetation properties along a 1000-m elevation gradient in the French Alps. We determined how traits varied along the gradient, to what extent this variation was determined by the way different traits respond to environmental cues acting at different spatial scales (i.e. within and between elevations), and whether trait pairs covaried within species.

Key Results
Leaf and root trait patterns strongly diverged: across the 11 species along the gradient, intraspecific leaf trait patterns were largely consistent, whereas root trait patterns were highly idiosyncratic. We also observed that, when compared with leaves, intraspecific variation was greater in root traits, due to the strong effects of the local environment (i.e. at the same elevation), while landscape-level effects (i.e. at different elevations) were minor. Overall, intraspecific trait correlations between analogous leaf and root traits were nearly absent.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that environmental gradients at the landscape level, as well as local heterogeneity in soil properties, are the drivers of a strong decoupling between analogous leaf and root traits within species. This decoupling of plant resource acquisition strategies highlights how plants can exhibit diverse whole-plant acclimation strategies to modify above- and below-ground resource uptake, improving their resilience to environmental change.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Disease Severity in Children Infected With the Omicron Variant
Authors: Butt Adeel A , Dargham Soha R , Loka Srusvin , Shaik Riyazuddin M , Chemaitelly Hiam , Tang Patrick , Hasan Mohammad R , Coyle Peter V , Yassine Hadi M , Al-Khatib Hebah A , Smatti Maria K , Kaleeckal Anvar H , Latif Ali Nizar , Zaqout Ahmed , Almaslamani Muna A , Al Khal Abdullatif , Bertollini Roberto , Abou-Samra Abdul Badi , Abu-Raddad Laith J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Short Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from the Omicron variant in children/adolescents is less severe than infection from the Delta variant. Those 6 to &lt;18 years also have less severe disease than those &lt;6 years old.

Background
There are limited data assessing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity in children/adolescents infected with the Omicron variant.

Methods
We identified children and adolescents &lt;18 years of age with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with Delta and propensity score–matched controls with Omicron variant infection from the National COVID-19 Database in Qatar. Primary outcome was disease severity, determined by hospital admission, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), or mechanical ventilation within 14 days of diagnosis, or death within 28 days.

Results
Among 1735 cases with Delta variant infection between 1 June and 6 November 2021, and 32 635 cases with Omicron variant infection between 1 January and 15 January 2022, who did not have prior infection and were not vaccinated, we identified 985 propensity score–matched pairs. Among those who were Delta infected, 84.2% had mild, 15.7% had moderate, and 0.1% had severe/critical disease. Among those who were Omicron infected, 97.8% had mild, 2.2% had moderate, and none had severe/critical disease (P &lt; .001). Omicron variant infection (vs Delta) was associated with significantly lower odds of moderate or severe/critical disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], .07–.18). Those aged 6–11 and 12 to &lt;18 years had lower odds of developing moderate or severe/critical disease compared with those younger than age 6 years (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, .33–.66 for 6–11 year olds; aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, .21–.94 for 12 to &lt;18 year olds).

Conclusions
Omicron variant infection in children/adolescents is associated with less severe disease than Delta variant infection as measured by hospitalization rates and need for ICU care or mechanical ventilation. Those 6 to &lt;18 years of age also have less severe disease than those &lt;6 years old.
Intraspecific variation in microhabitat selection in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders
Authors: Zhao Chunlin , Feng Jianyi , Sun Zijian , Zhu Wei , Chang Jiang , Fan Wenbo , Jiang Jianping , Yue Bisong , Zhao Tian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReintroduction of captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders is a primary approach for restoring wild populations. Despite previous studies have investigated the habitat preferences of reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders, the intraspecific variation in their habitat selection has been neglected. In the present study, 30 captive-bred Chinese giant salamanders belonging to 3 groups (i.e., 10 males, 10 females, and 10 juveniles) were released into a montane stream to explore whether intraspecific variation in habitat selection occurred in this species using radiotelemetry. Our results indicated that linear home range and daily movement of males were significantly higher than those of females and juveniles. Male sedentariness was significantly lower than that of females and juveniles. No significant differences were detected between females and juveniles in these measures. Importantly, we found that males preferred microhabitats with low water conductivity and deep water depth. Females preferred microhabitats with high water conductivity, low dissolved oxygen and ammonium-nitrogen, and slow current velocity, while juveniles occupied microhabitats with low ammonium-nitrogen. In addition, males and juveniles exhibited higher niche breadth than females. Niche overlap was high between adults and juveniles but low between males and females. Our study revealed the presence of spatial segregation in reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders. Males, females, and juveniles exhibited variation in microhabitat selection. These results provide important information for use when planning strategies for conservation of Chinese giant salamanders.
Daily angina documentation versus subsequent recall: development of a symptom smartphone app
Authors: Nowbar Alexandra N , Howard James P , Shun-Shin Matthew J , Rajkumar Christopher , Foley Michael , Basu Arunima , Goel Akshit , Patel Sapna , Adnan Ahmer , Beattie Catherine J , Keeble Thomas R , Sohaib Afzal , Collier David , McVeigh Patrick , Harrell Frank E , Francis Darrel P , Al-Lamee Rasha K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
The traditional approach to documenting angina outcomes in clinical trials is to ask the patient to recall their symptoms at the end of a month. With the ubiquitous availability of smartphones and tablets, daily contemporaneous documentation might be possible.

Methods and results
The ORBITA-2 symptom smartphone app was developed with a user-centred iterative design and testing cycle involving a focus group of previous ORBITA participants. The feasibility and acceptability were assessed in an internal pilot of participants in the ongoing ORBITA-2 trial. Seven days of app entries by ORBITA-2 participants were compared with subsequent participant recall at the end of the 7-day period. The design focus group tested a prototype app. They reported that the final version captured their symptoms and was easy to use. In the completion assessment group, 141 of 142 (99%) completed the app in full and 47 of 141 (33%) without reminders. In the recall assessment group, 29 of 29 (100%) participants said they could recall the previous day’s symptoms, and 82% of them recalled correctly. For 2 days previously, 88% said they could recall and of those, 87% recalled correctly. The proportion saying they could recall their symptoms fell progressively thereafter: 89, 67, 61, 50%, and at 7 days, 55% (P &lt; 0.001 for trend). The proportion of recalling correctly also fell progressively to 55% at 7 days (P = 0.04 for trend).

Conclusion
Episode counts of angina are difficult to recall after a few days. For trials such as ORBITA-2 focusing on angina, daily symptom collection via a smartphone app will increase the validity of the results.