bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact on primary care mental health practitioners of the death of a patient by suicide: An IPA study
Authors: Sandford David M. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Thwaites Richard , O'Connor Rory C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere have been numerous qualitative studies into the impact of the death of a patient by suicide on clinicians, but the majority of studies have focussed on psychiatrists and psychologists, primarily in inpatient or secondary care settings. To date, little has been done to explore the impact of such deaths on other mental health practitioners working in primary care, such as those working in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services.DesignThis qualitative study used purposive sampling and adopted an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology.MethodAll participants had experienced the death of a patient in their role as a practitioner in an IAPT service. Seven practitioners were recruited from services across the North of England. Semi‐structured, one‐hour telephone interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed verbatim.ResultsAnalysis of the transcripts identified a number of themes, which were represented in the majority of cases. Specifically, the analyses yielded four superordinate themes: (1) feeling shocked and upset about the death of a patient; (2) attempting to understand the causes of the suicide; (3) learning from the tragic event; and (4) reflections on what helped in coping with the tragic event. The emotional responses of shock, upset, guilt and fear of blame by IAPT practitioners following the death of a patient through suicide is consistent with that found in studies of other mental health practitioners.ConclusionsIt is hoped that the current study will help raise awareness amongst primary care mental health practitioners, services and training centres, of the impact of losing a patient to suicide and will encourage them to consider how best to prepare and support practitioners in this eventuality. Recommendations include raising awareness of the potential for patient suicide in primary care services, providing clarity on the individualised support available and on the requirements of investigations.
Acquisition of hypoxia inducibility by oxygen sensing N‐terminal cysteine oxidase in spermatophytes
Authors: Weits Daan A. , Zhou Lina , Giuntoli Beatrice , Carbonare Laura Dalle , Iacopino Sergio , Piccinini Luca , Lombardi Lara , Shukla Vinay , Bui Liem T. , Novi Giacomo , van Dongen Joost T. , Licausi Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractN‐terminal cysteine oxidases (NCOs) use molecular oxygen to oxidise the amino‐terminal cysteine of specific proteins, thereby initiating the proteolytic N‐degron pathway. To expand the characterisation of the plant family of NCOs (plant cysteine oxidases [PCOs]), we performed a phylogenetic analysis across different taxa in terms of sequence similarity and transcriptional regulation. Based on this survey, we propose a distinction of PCOs into two main groups. A‐type PCOs are conserved across all plant species and are generally unaffected at the messenger RNA level by oxygen availability. Instead, B‐type PCOs appeared in spermatophytes to acquire transcriptional regulation in response to hypoxia. The inactivation of two A‐type PCOs in Arabidopsis thaliana, PCO4 and PCO5, is sufficient to activate the anaerobic response in young seedlings, whereas the additional removal of B‐type PCOs leads to a stronger induction of anaerobic genes and impairs plant growth and development. Our results show that both PCO types are required to regulate the anaerobic response in angiosperms. Therefore, while it is possible to distinguish two clades within the PCO family, we conclude that they all contribute to restrain the anaerobic transcriptional programme in normoxic conditions and together generate a molecular switch to toggle the hypoxic response.
Drought and low temperature‐induced NF‐YA1 activates FT expression to promote citrus flowering
Authors: Zhou Huan , Zeng Ren‐Fang , Liu Tian‐Jia , Ai Xiao‐Yan , Ren Meng‐Ke , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Hu Chun‐Gen , Zhang Jin‐Zhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlower induction in adult citrus is mainly regulated by drought and low temperatures. However, the mechanism of FLOWERING LOCUS T regulation of citrus flowering (CiFT) under two flower‐inductive stimuli remains largely unclear. In this study, a citrus transcription factor, nuclear factor YA (CiNF‐YA1), was found to specifically bind to the CiFT promoter by forming a complex with CiNF‐YB2 and CiNF‐YC2 to activate CiFT expression. CiNF‐YA1 was induced in juvenile citrus by low temperature and drought treatments. Overexpression of CiNF‐YA1 increased drought susceptibility in transgenic citrus, whereas suppression of CiNF‐YA1 enhanced drought tolerance in silenced citrus plants. Furthermore, a GOLDEN2−LIKE protein (CiFE) that interacts with CiFT protein was also isolated. Further experimental evidence showed that CiFE binds to the citrus LEAFY (CiLFY) promoter and activates its expression. In addition, the expressions of CiNF‐YA1 and CiFE showed a seasonal increase during the floral induction period and were induced by artificial drought and low‐temperature treatments at which floral induction occurred. These results indicate that CiNF‐YA1 may activate CiFT expression in response to drought and low temperatures by binding to the CiFT promoter. CiFT then forms a complex with CiFE to activate CiLFY, thereby promoting the flowering of adult citrus.
Neural underpinnings of default mode network on empathy revealed by intracranial stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Zhang Jianguo , Hu Wenhan , Wang Xiu , Zhao Baotian , Zhang Kai , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundEmpathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is fundamental to emotional intelligence and social iterations. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that empathy activates brain regions associated with the social cognition network.AimTo explore the neural underpinnings of empathy revealed by stereoelectroencephalography utilizing recurrence quantification analysis (RQA).MethodsThis retrospective cohort included 38 epilepsy patients with stereoelectroencephalography implantation. RQA metrics were applied to parameterize the network organization of default mode network (DMN) brain regions. The relationships between DMN, seizure burden activity, and empathy, as measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, were examined using partial least‐square regression and mediation analysis.ResultsRQA metrics with DMN (R2 = 0.75, PBonferroni < 0.001) and its subsystems (medial temporal subsystem: R2 = 0.53, PBonferroni < 0.001; core subsystem: R2 = 0.70, PBonferroni < 0.001; dorsal medial subsystem: R2 = 0.48, PBonferroni < 0.001) were positively correlated with empathy scores. Of 13 RQA metrics, the mean diagonal line length, entropy of the diagonal line lengths, trapping time, maximal vertical line length, and recurrence time of second type were found to be statistically higher in patient cohorts with reportedly high empathy. Furthermore, DMN characteristics (b path: F = 3.69, P = 0.04), rather than seizure burdens (direct effect: t = 0.33, P = 0.74, c′ = − 0.007), mediated empathy status.ConclusionThe present study used various RQA metrics to parameterize the network organization of DMN and determine the neural underpinning of DMN for empathy modulation.
Joint patient selection and scheduling under no‐shows: Theory and application in proton therapy
Authors: Saghafian Soroush , Trichakis Nikolaos , Zhu Ruihao , Shih Helen A. 
Published: September 2022

We study how to admit and schedule heterogeneous patients by using simple, interpretable, yet effective policies when capacity is scarce, no‐show behavior is patient‐ and time‐dependent, service duration and reward are deterministic but patient‐dependent, and overtime is costly. Our work is motivated by the aforementioned operational challenges that typically face adopters of new technologies in the healthcare sector. We anchor our study on a partnership with the proton therapy center of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), which offers a new radiation technology for cancer patients. We formulate the problem as a nonlinear integer optimization problem. However, as the solution to this formulation lacks both tractability and interpretability, to be relevant to practice, we limit our study to simple and interpretable policies. In particular, we propose a simple index‐based rule and derive analytical performance guarantees for it. We also calibrate our model using empirical data from our partner hospital, and conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed policy under practical circumstances. The analytical performance guarantees and our numerical experiments demonstrate (a) the strong performance of the proposed policies, and (b) their robustness to various practical considerations (e.g., to potential misspecification of no‐show probabilities). Our results show that our proposed policy, despite being a simple and interpretable index‐based rule, is capable of improving performance by about 20% at an organization such as MGH, and of delivering results that are not far from being optimal across a wide range of parameters that might vary between organizations. This suggests that the proposed policy can be viewed as an effective “one‐fits‐all” capacity allocation rule that can be used in a variety of environments in which operational challenges such as no‐shows and overtime costs need to be navigated using simple and interpretable rules.
Who Sponsors the President's Program in the Opposition's House?
Authors: Dionne Lee E. 
Published: September 2022

Who sponsors the president's program when the opposition controls the House presents a puzzle because the president's copartisan members arguably lack agenda‐setting power and the president cannot compel the opposition to consider legislation. Attracting opposition sponsors to their bills is one way presidents hope to enact their agendas when in the minority. Doing so allows the opposition to share or take credit for bills in the president's program. New OMB data about presidents' programs (Kernell et al. 2019) open a window to these dynamics of divided government between the 97th (1981–82) and 109th (2005–6) Congress. In contrast to the near monopolization of program bills by presidents' copartisans when they are in control, these data demonstrate that opposition members sponsor most bills in presidents' programs when the opposition is in the majority. Opposition members with committee and subcommittee chair status, long tenure, and high legislative effectiveness scores (Volden and Wiseman 2014) are especially likely to sponsor presidents' program bills when the opposition controls the House.
Effects of corneoconjunctival transposition, posterior lamellar keratoplasty and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes
Authors: Charnock Lauren N. , Boveland Shannon D. , Groover Erin S. , Moore Phillip A. , McMullen Richard J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the effects of corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT), posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes.MethodsIntraocular pressure (IOP) was maintained at 25 ± 3 mmHg in 35 equine cadaver eyes. Streak retinoscopy was performed prior to (NO VISCO) and following (VISCO) intracameral injection of 1.0 ml of viscoelastic. Following optical coherence tomography (OCT), an axial CCT [n = 11] or PLK [n = 12], or peripheral DLEK [n = 12] was performed. Streak retinoscopy and OCT were repeated postoperatively.ResultsPostsurgical net meridional and spherical refraction for CCT [Horizontal (H): 3.4 (95% CI 2.4–4.4) diopters (D), p < .001, Vertical (V): 3.5 (95% CI 2.7–4.4) D, p < .001, Spherical: 3.5 (95% CI 2.6–4.3) D, p < .001] and PLK [H: 3.2 (95% CI 2.2–4.1) D, p < .001, V: 2.8 (95% CI 2.0–3.6) D, p < .001, Spherical: 3.0 (95% CI 2.2–3.8) D, p < .001] were significantly increased from presurgical (VISCO) values. No difference between presurgical (VISCO) and postsurgical values were identified for the DLEK. Postoperative OCT revealed space between anterior and posterior corneal grafts and corneal undulation associated with suture placement.ConclusionMeridional and spherical refraction had a hyperopic shift following CCT and PLK, with a significantly higher value in the vertical meridian for the CCT. Pre‐ and postoperative refraction was not significantly different for the DLEK. This supports that the DLEK has a lesser effect on immediate postoperative refraction compared with CCT or PLK.
Interventions to prevent hypothermia in extremely preterm low-weight infants undergoing cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Alhalabi Eliane , Zestos Maria , Kobayashi Daisuke , Mckelvey George M , Taylor Rachel A 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIn January 2019, a new device called the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants weighing more than 700 g and of postnatal age more than 3 days. Premature low-weight infants are predisposed to hypothermia when transported outside of the thermo-neutral environment. At our institution, 90% of extremely preterm low-weight infants developed transient moderate hypothermia in the cardiac catheterisation suite.MethodsWe conducted a study testing multiple hypotheses aimed at preventing hypothermia in the cardiac catheterisation suite. Interventions included increasing ambient room temperature, reducing exposure to cold environment and reducing overall time spent in the remote location. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who developed transient hypothermia at the start of the procedure in the cardiac catheterisation suite. The secondary measures included mean core body temperature at four different instances, as well as anaesthesia time, procedure time and radiation exposure.ResultsDuring the study period, 10 patients were enrolled in each group. The postintervention group saw a reduction in transient hypothermia from 90% to 40% (absolute risk reduction 50%, p=0.02). Data analysis showed an improvement in mean core body temperature (35.4°C vs 36.4°C, p<0.01) as well as a smaller percentage drop in temperature (4% vs 1.3%, p<0.01) between the two groups, both of which were statistically significant. The anaesthesia time, procedure time and radiation exposure reduced between the two groups.ConclusionThe application of the interventions reduced hypothermia in this high-risk population. The implementation of a protocol with collaboration of a multidisciplinary team is indispensable in providing optimal care to extremely preterm infants.
From ‘pain management’ to ‘integrated health clinic’: a quality improvement project to transition patients on chronic opioid therapy to more evidence-based therapies for chronic pain
Authors: Hill Elena S , Reich Doug , Ayeni Eniola 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe State of New York, along with the whole nation, is struggling to combat the opioid epidemic. Major authoritative bodies on chronic pain and addiction have advocated against the use of opioids long term for chronic pain. In the spring of 2021, our pain management clinic made the decision to discontinue chronic opioid prescriptions, offering instead a three-part intervention to provide patients with support for chronic pain during the process of discontinuing chronic opioid therapy (COT). Our goal was to provide safer and more evidence-based care for our chronic pain population.ObjectivesTo safely wean patients in our pain management clinic off of COT and offer alternative pain interventions in order to help them reach their health goals.InterventionOur three-part intervention included a unified plan for weaning patients off COT while simultaneously offering (1) expansion of integrated pain modalities, (2) Suboxone therapy and (3) a community health worker (CHW) support programme.ResultsOver the course of 8 months, our clinic successfully transitioned 380 patients off of COT while simultaneously expanding access to alternative pain management modalities, Suboxone therapy and CHW support services.ConclusionAlternative pain management modalities, Suboxone therapy and CHW support all help to aid patients weaning off of COT while still adequately addressing their chronic pain. Our model may be adaptable to other pain management practices hoping to decrease inappropriate use of COT.
Inflation, space-borne interferometers and the expansion history of the Universe
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to the common wisdom, between a fraction of the mHz and few Hz the spectral energy density of the inflationary gravitons can be safely disregarded even assuming the most optimistic sensitivities of the space-borne detectors. In this analysis we show that this conclusion is evaded if, prior to nucleosynthesis, the post-inflationary evolution includes a sequence of stages expanding either faster or slower than radiation. As a consequence, contrary to the conventional lore, it is shown that below a fraction of the Hz the spectral energy density of the relic gravitons may exceed (even by eight orders of magnitude) the signal obtained under the hypothesis of radiation dominance throughout the whole expansion history prior to the formation of light nuclei. Since the slopes and the amplitudes of the spectra specifically reflect both the inflationary dynamics and the subsequent decelerated evolution, it is possible to disentangle the contribution of the relic gravitons from other (late-time) bursts of gravitational radiation associated, for instance, with a putative strongly first-order phase transition at the TeV scale. Hence, any limit on the spectral energy density of the relic gravitons in the mHz range simultaneously constrains the post-inflationary expansion history and the inflationary initial data.
Identification of Potential Diuretic and Laxative Drug Candidates from Avicennia officinalis L. Bark through In Vivo Mice Model Studies and In Vitro Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Nazmul , Hasan Md. Fahim , Dey Aishwarja , Bokshi Bishwajit , Das Asish Kumar , Sadhu Samir Kumar , Biswas Nripendra Nath 
Published: September 2022

Background. Avicennia officinalis is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used as a diuretic, anti-infective, and antiasthmatic. Our investigation was designed to explore the diuretic and laxative potentials of different fractions of this plant’s bark extract as well as the identification of possible drug candidates for the activity. Methods. Collected bark was extracted in ethanol and fractionated in different polar and nonpolar solvents, i.e., water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Phytoconstituents were identified following the published protocols and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the diuretic test, Na+ and K+ ions were measured using a flame photometer whereas the Cl− ion content was measured by titrimetric method against AgNO3. In the laxative test, feces amount and consistency were also measured. Molecular docking analysis was conducted using the “Vina Wizard” program in PyRx-Python Prescription 0.8. Results. Phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids were detected in the most bioactive crude extracts, whereas alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and gums were found in bioactive n-hexane fraction and steroids, glycosides, and terpenoids were found positive in chloroform fraction. Almost all the fractions demonstrated a dose-dependent increment of stool production with a soft consistency; however, the chloroform fraction was found to be the most active (

p

< 0.001). The crude extract and n-hexane fractions significantly increased (

p

< 0.01) the urinary output at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl− in collected urine were found to be more compared with the control group. The GC-MS analysis identified seven compounds in bioactive n-hexane fraction (phenolic and ester-type mainly) whereas seven other compounds (acidic and ester-type mainly) were identified in chloroform fraction. In molecular docking, two drug candidates of this extract (2,4-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol and 2-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxo-1,1-diphenylethyl]phenyl]-2-phenylacetic acid) showed excellent binding affinity with the receptor compared with furosemide. Conclusion. A. officinalis bark might be a potential source of bioactive compounds for treating hypertension, edema, and constipation.
Effects of Coronary Artery Disease–Associated Variants on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Solomon Charles U. , McVey David G. , Andreadi Catherine , Gong Peng , Turner Lenka , Stanczyk Paulina J. , Khemiri Sonja , Chamberlain Julie C. , Yang Wei , Webb Tom R. , Nelson Christopher P. , Samani Nilesh J. , Ye Shu 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic loci that are robustly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the underlying biological mechanisms are still unknown for most of these loci, hindering the progress to medical translation. Evidence suggests that the genetic influence on CAD susceptibility may act partly through vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Methods:
We undertook genotyping, RNA sequencing, and cell behavior assays on a large bank of VSMCs (n>1499). Expression quantitative trait locus and splicing quantitative trait locus analyses were performed to identify genes with an expression that was influenced by CAD-associated variants. To identify candidate causal genes for CAD, we ascertained colocalizations of VSMC expression quantitative trait locus signals with CAD association signals by performing causal variants identification in associated regions analysis and the summary data–based mendelian randomization test. Druggability analysis was then performed on the candidate causal genes. CAD risk variants were tested for associations with VSMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Collective effects of multiple CAD-associated variants on VSMC behavior were estimated by polygenic scores.

Results:
Approximately 60% of the known CAD-associated variants showed statistically significant expression quantitative trait locus or splicing quantitative trait locus effects in VSMCs. Colocalization analyses identified 84 genes with expression quantitative trait locus signals that significantly colocalized with CAD association signals, identifying them as candidate causal genes. Druggability analysis indicated that 38 of the candidate causal genes were druggable, and 13 had evidence of drug-gene interactions. Of the CAD-associated variants tested, 139 showed suggestive associations with VSMC proliferation, migration, or apoptosis. A polygenic score model explained up to 5.94% of variation in several VSMC behavior parameters, consistent with polygenic influences on VSMC behavior.

Conclusions:
This comprehensive analysis shows that a large percentage of CAD loci can modulate gene expression in VSMCs and influence VSMC behavior. Several candidate causal genes identified are likely to be druggable and thus represent potential therapeutic targets.