bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of High-Rise Structures with Outrigger Structural System Subjected To Lateral Loads
Authors: Shareef Mohammed Sanaullah , Manzoor Khaja Musab , Muqeem Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this age of urban development and rapid modernization the need of high-rise structures is rapidly increasing as buildings have gotten taller and narrower, the structural engineering has been increasingly challenged to meet the desired stability requirements. In tall buildings, stiffness is the key to sustainability, among various types of structural systems available for tall buildings, outrigger system is one of the majorly used efficient system. The present study aims to identify the efficiency of outrigger shear walls and to find out the optimum position of outriggers in high rise structures under lateral loads. The outrigger systems are required to have additional stiffness and adequate damping, by which outrigger can be used as a structural fuse to protect the building under severe earthquake and wind conditions.
This research work aims to study the dynamic analysis of high-rise structures with outrigger structural system, for this research two regular buildings of 36 & 50 storeys situated in seismic zone V having a constant area of 900sqm(30mx30m) with a typical storey height of 3m were analysed using ETABS 2018. Optimum position of outrigger is determined by considering 8 models in which positions of outriggers is varied along the building height. Response spectrum analysis is carried out to evaluate the performance of structure for earthquake loads and the Gust factor method is used for the dynamic analysis of wind loads. Parameters such as Modal Mass Participation, Base Shears, Storey Displacements, Storey Drift, Time-periods, and acceleration are compared. Upon comparison it was found that among all 36 storey models outriggers placed at extreme ends performed better than other models and among all 50 storey models’ outriggers placed at regular intervals has performed better to all other models.
Developing of lightweight concrete sandwich wall panels with good thermal insulation properties for sustainable buildings
Authors: El Gamal S , Al Saadi S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research study aims at developing and investigating the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight sandwich wall panels with good thermal insulation properties to reduce electric power for cooling of buildings. Within this study, several thermal insulation sandwich wall panels with two outer lightweight concrete layers and inner expanded polystyrene layer were developed and tested. Test parameters included the type of the outer concrete layers and the effect of using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) shear ties to connect the outer layers. Different ratios of polystyrene beads and vermiculite aggregates (53, 68 and 84% by volume of the natural coarse aggregates) were used to replace the natural coarse aggregates in the two outer concrete layers for better insulation properties and to develop lighter panels. Test results showed that using the GFRP shear ties was effective to connect the two outer layers of the panels. The results also revealed that increasing the amount of the polystyrene beads and the vermiculite aggregates decreased the thermal conductivity, the density, and the compressive strength of the panels. These values ranged from 0.41 to 0.25 W/m.K, 596 to 486 kg/m3, and 4.21 to 2.02 MPa respectively, for the panels with polystyrene beads. For the panels with vermiculite aggregates, these values were 0.46 to 0.34 W/m.K, 646 to 626 kg/m3, and 3.14 to 1.96 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the panels with polystyrene beads were stronger, lighter, and had better thermal properties. Using the developed panels will help to reduce the self-weigh of buildings resulting in smaller structural elements. In addition, the excellent thermal properties of the developed panels are expected to reduce power consumption and develop more sustainable buildings.
Engineering Properties of Mortar Containing Calcined Local Clay as a Supplementary Cementitious Material
Authors: Meddah M S , Al-Owaisi M S , Hago A W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of natural and artificial cementitious and pozzolanic materials is gaining importance and become an essential component in today's cement-based materials. Supplementary cementitious materials are recognized to provide an added value to concrete/mortar both for mechanical and durability performances as well as to their sustainability with reduced environmental impacts of the construction industry. Developing locally produced natural pozzolans is vital in the efforts towards enhancing the construction industry's sustainability. Locally extracted raw soil from Nizwa city (NZS) in Oman was ground, calcined, characterized, and used at 10%, 25%, 35%, and 50% as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in mortar mix. The blend mortar was assessed with regard to compressive strength and durability properties. The obtained results indicate a slight reduction in the flow of the blended mixes. An insignificant effect of the NZS replacement on the hardened mortar's density was observed while slightly reduced strength at 1-day and 28-day for some replacement levels. Meanwhile, around a 1% reduction in the porosity and absorption. Blended cement mortar with NZS demonstrated adequate resistance to sulphuric acid and (sulphate + chloride) exposure with lower weight and strength losses compared to the control mortar.
To Identify the Challenges of Fiscal Policy for Construction Industry in Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Shoail , Khahro Shabir Hussain , Ali Tauha Hussain , Memon Zubair Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The entire influence of a country's budget outcome on economic activity is referred to as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy has its own share of benefits & challenges in particular groups. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the benefits & challenges of Fiscal Policy for Construction industry. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the possible benefits and key challenges to better fiscal policy. In later stage, a set of questionnaire was prepared using the identified factors. The data was collected from construction industry professionals with experience on fiscal policy management. The data was analysed by aggregated average mean using SPSS. The factor ranks were made on the higher values of aggregated mean value. The study concludes that the main hurdles to better fiscal policy are import/export restrictions, delays in land/plot permits/licenses, and currency fluctuations, as well as government subsidies on construction materials. Similarly, the top benefits for better fiscal policy in the construction industry include meaningful salaries/wages and employment for daily wage earners. The study recommended that, Policymakers must be urged to adopt suitable fiscal policies that address these challenges in order to evolve and improve the construction sector.
Benefits Realization and Application Challenges of Green Concrete Towards Sustainability in Saudi Arabian Construction
Authors: Altarrazi A M , Islam M S , Ghaithan Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission has been increased by 22% in Saudi Arabia, and the building construction sector is one of the major contributors to increased CO2. This necessitates Saudi Arabia's introduction of energy efficiency and sustainability in the construction sector. Green Concrete (GC) has recently gained popularity in the Kingdom as it is environmentally friendly and produced from waste and residual materials. However, every new technology faces application challenges that can stymie its adoption in the industry. As a result, this study aims to determine the potential benefits and application challenges of using GC technology in Saudi Arabian's construction industry. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review of the subject followed by a questionnaire survey to field practitioners and interviews with professional experts to determine the potential benefits and application challenges of GC technology. In addition, an analysis of GC trail test documents implemented in a local project and a meeting with the project team were also conducted to determine the trial test's advantages and implementation challenges. The major benefits identified in this study are reduced energy use, waste material reuse, CO2 reduction, natural resource conservation, and reduced landfill numbers, while the major implementation challenges identified in this study are discouraging building codes and a lack of information and understanding of GC benefits. Subsequently, recommendations for government agencies, private sector businesses, and concrete suppliers are provided to improve the benefits of GC, resolve application challenges, and promote and accelerate its adoption in Saudi Arabia.
Climatic impact on Rainfall Analysis in Al-Madinah Munawwara Region
Authors: Aldrees A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns are referred to as climate change. Climate change and rainfall distribution are inextricably linked to arid and semi-arid regions. Saudi Arabia is entirely located in arid and semi-arid areas, and the arid climate that covers the majority of Saudi Arabia is typically characterized by large temporal and spatial variations in rainfall distribution. The availability of long-term rainfall depth records would be beneficial for studying the impact of climate change. This study aimed to assess the impact of climate change on rainfall analysis based on rainfall data generated by the HYFRAN-PLUS model during 1960–1990 and 1990–2020. Four rain-gauge stations near the Al-Madinah Munawwara region, namely Al Faqir, Umm Al Birak, Madinah Monawara, and Bir Al Mashi, were chosen for statistical analysis. The 1990–2020 rainfall data showed a significant climate change impact on the rainfall analysis at the Umm Al Birak station that was greater than that of the 1960–1990 data. The results of this study provide useful information for water resource planners and urban engineers to assess water availability and create appropriate storage systems considering climate change since 1960.
Sustainable Alternatives for Green Mortar: Quarry Waste and Ultra high fly ash utilization
Authors: Zafar I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of waste materials from different industries as a replacement of cement has gained much attention all over the world. In addition, many attempts have been done to replace partially or totally one of the ingredients from the mix design to lower the negative impacts of construction industry. In this study, quarry waste and fly ash were used as two different sustainable approaches to replace the maximum volume of natural alluvial sand and cement, respectively, in the traditional mortar matrix. The quarry waste is a by-product of quarries characterized with a large volume of fines, whereas, fly ash is the by-product of coal-fired electric generation plants. The performance of the green mortars containing the maximized volume of quarry waste and fly ash were evaluated with regard to the mechanical properties. The results have clearly indicated the beneficial use of the quarry waste and fly ash as a substitute for siliceous sand and cement respectively in preparation of green mortars. In addition, the cost and parametric analysis was also performed for a multi-story reinforced concrete building using the designed quarry sand and fly ash as concrete ingredients.
Smart Planning of Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia; Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Alqahtani F K , Alswailem Y K , Alshabragi A M , Sherif M A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolid waste management is one of the most critical problems facing urban areas worldwide. It is quickly becoming a significant issue in emerging countries with high population growth. Waste collection is a time-consuming procedure requiring enormous sums of money and meticulous logistics management. The amount of household waste produced in Riyadh has fluctuated over the years, with the majority being dumped in landfills instead of using them. This inefficient method of waste disposal has several adverse financial and environmental consequences, as landfills take up a large area of the city and emit foul odors and infections. An innovative waste management system should be adopted to address these difficulties, beginning with waste reduction and trash disposal in modern engineered landfills. Waste management solutions include reducing, reusing, recycling, energy recovery, and disposal. This research will focus on recycling, recovery, and disposal since social awareness campaigns could implement the first two strategies to reduce and reuse waste. The analysis also gives a sufficient cost analysis for the proposed methodology. This study opens new avenues for incorporating the value recovery aspect into garbage collection planning and the use of new data capture technologies that allow municipalities to track the mix of recyclables contained in various trash systems.
Solid Waste Assessment and Management Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools: A Case Study of Najran City, KSA
Authors: Elkhrachy Ismail 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a major socio-economic issue in all emerging countries. Cities have their solid waste management regulations, approach, and procedures. They believe that wastelands outside of cities are the greatest places to dispose of solid waste. Such inappropriate location will lead to morphologic changes in the urban region and its surrounding, creating health hazards. The acquisition of data about an object(s) without establishing contact with it is known as remote sensing. The geographic information system (GIS) is a spatial system that creates, maintains, analyses, and maps various kinds of data. GIS software and remote sensing data are extremely valuable for assessing and managing solid wastage. Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to obtain land cover data. Digital elevation model (DEM) from ALOS-PALSAR free data used to describe surface information. Some thematic layers, such as soil, surface slope, drainage density, airport distance, road distance, and land-use, were used as principal input data for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to choose the best solid waste locations in Najran city. According to the appropriateness degree of the landfill, locations acquired, 31% and 10.9 percent of the total area were classed as very low and low, respectively, while 25.3 % and 11.9 % were classified as high and very high suitable areas.
WLAN Access Points Channel Assignment Strategy for Indoor Localization Systems in Smart Sustainable Cities
Authors: Khattak Sohaib Bin Altaf , Nasralla Moustafa M. , Marey Mohamed , Esmail Maged Abdullah , Jia Min , Umair Mir Yasir 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The idea of smart and sustainable cities is incomplete without using information and communication technologies. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) plays a vital role in connecting different services, transferring data and providing indoor localization. WLAN fingerprinting technique has become the most common approach for indoor localization in smart cities. This technique utilizes received signal strength (RSS) and channel status from the installed WLAN Access Points (AP). Currently, WLAN planning relies on the site survey, which is laborious and uneconomical for large areas. The WLAN has a limited number of channels assigned in the frequency reuse strategy. An inefficient channel assignment strategy will lead towards increased interference, thus degrading the overall service. This paper proposes a WLAN channel assignment strategy for large and crowded indoor areas. The proposed scheme assigns the channels to installed APs for indoor localization in fingerprinting framework. The proposed technique ensures that the proposed AP channel assignment algorithm in our network-planning scheme mitigates interference.
Assessing heritage reuse interventions in the Gulf Countries
Authors: Mazzetto S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The extraordinary developments and massive urban growth that have plasmid many Gulf countries due to the massive oil exportation have raised many questions regarding the directions of change for many new global cities in the Middle East Regions post-oil era. Discussing the consequences of rapid urbanization and ongoing developments, which have led to a general loss of identity in the Gulf regions, there is a robust ongoing dispute that confronts the desire to build new contemporary cities and the instinctive social need to preserve and re-qualify historical heritage as a precious tool for establishing new relationships with local history and culture. The paper describes, classifies, and compares some exemplary projects for preserving historical heritage in the Gulf countries, with particular attention to the Saudi Arabia heritage. The interventions were analyzed and compared, considering the sustainable aspects linked to the local heritage's environmental, socio-economic, and socio-cultural principles. As a cultural, social, and environmental value, sustainability is one of the most distinctive principles that should be applied to the entire heritage restoration and conservation process, promoting its enhancement, especially in the post-oil era. The results highlight many links between the conservation of ancient natural materials of the historical heritage, the promotion of cultural and social values, the adaptation techniques to the climate, the synergy with the existing historic buildings environment, enhancing the high level of sustainability and environmental respect for local culture and traditional construction techniques.
Reading of Yas Island 2020 Master Plan in Terms of Accessibility and Walkability by Using Space Syntax
Authors: Meziani Dr. Rim , AlRifai Duaa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The concept of walkability in cities has been spreading wider with time and even more rapidly during the past decade. Due to several factors, including climate change and human wellbeing, expanding the walkability within cities as a substitute for vehicular means of transportation has become a very noticeable change in cities around the world, and in Abu Dhabi city in specific. When it comes to entertainment and tourist destinations, walkability plays as a main factor in enhancing the experience of the users in that area of the city. Yas Island has become one of the main focal points in Abu Dhabi city, and the various and important landmarks, mostly recreational, are placed on the island adjacently and very close to each other, with the hospitality facilities, in a way that encourages the factor of walkability to be added, and therefore enhancing the overall experience of the visitors within the island. The most common Axial Map analysis methods of a street network that were used are Integration, Choice, Mean Depth, and Connectivity, and space syntax is based on four those basic conceptions of space. Using a program named 'DepthmapX,' that was built on mathematical methods and geographical computer technology, we ran different simulations on Yas Island 2020 street network map to get the four main axial maps. In the context of the island being an urban and dynamic system, the study focuses on simulations of street networks as well as spatial integration for urban walkable regions of different areas of the island. The analysis, at the beginning, aimed to read the simulations to translate the findings, then went in depth on highlighted areas on the street network maps that had critical information that identifies zones for improvement related walkability and spatial integration. The outcome of the analysis, the streets that circulate and revolve around Yas Island's major tourist attractions become extremely segregated and less interconnected. To reach the surrounding closeted tourist attraction it is easy to reach by foot, yet difficult across the island with such hot weather in Abu Dhabi. It also calls for the revision of currently vacant property and the reconsideration of high-connectivity regions, which were originally intended to be solely residential neighborhoods, into more public and communal spaces. This paper demonstrates the usability of space syntax in defining/assessing the accessibility of spaces, its role and importance in mobility and urban planning for the case of Abu Dhabi.
The role of architectural reconstruction in a post-war context: the case of Mosul
Authors: Chizzoniti D , Lolli T , Scotto G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work addresses the topic of architectural reconstruction in a post-war context, in this case in Mosul, Iraq. Heavily damaged during the war against ISIS, the city faces the immense task of cleaning, restructuring, and rebuilding. The damaged buildings are diverse, but the ancient monuments require specific care as they carry the memory and the heritage of a traumatized community. Both in the cases of partial or complete destruction, the architectural intervention needs to face both cultural and the preservation dimensions of reconstruction. This approach is based on interventions in strategic neuralgic points for the community life such as the market, a religious structure, and the baths. These symbolic spaces host the social, economic, and religious activities that gather the inhabitants. They are also the stages of the traditions and cultural life of Mosul. The reconstitution of the inhabitants' habits and sense of community is centred around these locations and planned to spread around the urban fabric following the redevelopment of the city. Our three different sites are the Souk, the Great Mosque and the Hammam. These projects address several challenges: the construction of a new building inspired by the existing urban fabric, the partial reconstruction of an ancient monument and the construction of a new building in dialogue with existing Ottoman ruins. The balance between tradition and modernization; memory and oblivion; reconstruction and restoration is the focus of the paper.
Towards BIM Guidelines in Saudi Arabia: Literature Review and Stakeholders Identification
Authors: Alhammad Ibrahim , Yi Tae Yeual 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BIM is a graphical representation for a given engineering design, let be the structure of a building, which carries information related to 3D view, cost estimation, scheduling, and others. BIM is created and used mainly by the owner. By default, the designer, contractor, and supplier are shared and treated by all parties as an advanced medium of technical and visual communication. In the last few years, and many developed countries, BIM documents, and related legal provisions have become mandatory in construction projects contract documents by public and private owners and project stakeholders as best practice. The authors observed that although some projects in Saudi Arabia have used BIM, it is still not as widely used as it is supposed to be. It is apparent to the authors that the leap of using BIM in the Saudi Construction Industry without proper provisions in the contract documents among the construction project stakeholders will create confusion. The paper explores the current status and trend of using BIM in the construction industry and related difficulties and challenges to using BIM in Saudi Arabia. Ultimately, based on those investigated results, the paper proposes the basic guidelines for applying BIM following the situation of the national construction industry in Saudi Arabia.