bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of stiffness and hole size on nipple compression in infant suckling
Authors: Adjerid Khaled , Johnson Maxwell L. , Edmonds Chloe E. , Steer Kendall S. , Gould Francois D. H. , German Rebecca Z. , Mayerl Christopher J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring infant feeding, the nipple is an important source of sensory information that affects motor outputs, including ones dealing with compression of the nipple, suction, milk bolus movement, and swallowing. Despite known differences in behavior across commercially available nipples, little is known about the in vivo effects of nipple property variation. Here we quantify the effect of differences in nipple stiffness and hole size on an easily measured metric representing infant feeding behavior: nipple compression. We bottle‐fed 7‐day old infant pigs (n = 6) on four custom fabricated silicone nipples. We recorded live X‐ray fluoroscopic imaging data of feeding on nipples of two levels of hardness/stiffness and two hole sizes. We tested for differences in nipple compression at the nipple's maximum compression across different nipple types using a mixed model analysis of variance. Stiffer nipples and those with smaller holes were compressed less than compliant nipples and nipples with larger holes (p < 0.001). We also estimated the force applied on the nipple during feeding and found that more force was applied to the compliant nipple with disproportionately larger strains. Our results suggest that infant pigs' nipple compression depends on material type and hole size, which is likely detected by the infant pigs' initial assessment of compressibility and flow. By isolating nipple properties, we demonstrated a relationship between properties and suckling behavior. Our results suggest that sensory information affects feeding behaviors and may also inform clinical treatment of poor feeding performance.
Digraph analogues for the Nine Dragon Tree Conjecture
Authors: Gao Hui , Yang Daqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fractional arboricity of a digraph , denoted by , is defined as . Frank proved that a digraph decomposes into branchings, if and only if and . In this paper, we study digraph analogues for the Nine Dragon Tree Conjecture. We conjecture that, for positive integers and , if is a digraph with and , then decomposes into branchings with . This conjecture, if true, is a refinement of Frank's characterization. A series of acyclic bipartite digraphs is also presented to show the bound of given in the conjecture is best possible. We prove our conjecture for the cases . As more evidence to support our conjecture, we prove that if is a digraph with the maximum average degree and , then decomposes into pseudo‐branchings with .
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of targeted kinase inhibitors: Repurposing clinically available drugs for COVID‐19 therapy
Authors: Boytz RuthMabel , Słabicki Mikołaj , Ramaswamy Sita , Patten J. J. , Zou Charles , Meng Chengcheng , Hurst Brett L. , Wang Jinhua , Nowak Radosław P. , Yang Priscilla L. , Sattler Martin , Stone Richard M. , Griffin James D. , Gray Nathanael S. , Gummuluru Suryaram , Davey Robert A. , Weisberg Ellen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remains a major public health concern, and vaccine unavailability, hesitancy, or failure underscore the need for discovery of efficacious antiviral drug therapies. Numerous approved drugs target protein kinases associated with viral life cycle and symptoms of infection. Repurposing of kinase inhibitors is appealing as they have been vetted for safety and are more accessible for COVID‐19 treatment. However, an understanding of drug mechanism is needed to improve our understanding of the factors involved in pathogenesis. We tested the in vitro activity of three kinase inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), including inhibitors of AXL kinase, a host cell factor that contributes to successful SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Using multiple cell‐based assays and approaches, gilteritinib, nintedanib, and imatinib were thoroughly evaluated for activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Each drug exhibited antiviral activity, but with stark differences in potency, suggesting differences in host dependency for kinase targets. Importantly, for gilteritinib, the amount of compound needed to achieve 90% infection inhibition, at least in part involving blockade of spike protein‐mediated viral entry and at concentrations not inducing phospholipidosis (PLD), approached a clinically achievable concentration. Knockout of AXL, a target of gilteritinib and nintedanib, impaired SARS‐CoV‐2 variant infectivity, supporting a role for AXL in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and supporting further investigation of drug‐mediated AXL inhibition as a COVID‐19 treatment. This study supports further evaluation of AXL‐targeting kinase inhibitors as potential antiviral agents and treatments for COVID‐19. Additional mechanistic studies are needed to determine underlying differences in virus response.
Identification of a new phytotoxic compound from culture filtrates of an aggressive Rhizoctonia solani AG 1A isolate inducing sheath blight of rice
Authors: Dauda Wadzani P. , Rana Virendra S. , Shanmugam Veerubommu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhytotoxins produced by Rhizoctonia solani AG1–1A (Anastomosis Group 1 Subgroup 1A) play a significant role in developing sheath blight disease in rice. A phytotoxin in the partially purified ethyl acetate fraction from the culture filtrate of a highly aggressive R. solani (RIRS‐K) isolate, with Indian Type Culture Collection (ITCC) number 7479, infecting rice that could incite necrotic symptoms characteristic of the fungus was identified. The role of the crude toxin in the pathogenicity and virulence of the fungal pathogen on rice was first established by artificial inoculation assay under controlled conditions. The crude ethyl acetate extract obtained from the culture filtrate of RIRS‐K was first fractionated by column chromatography. Further purification of the bioactive fraction was carried out by using bioassay‐guided fractionation, and a toxic fraction was obtained. The most bioactive fraction was analyzed by GC‐MS analysis, and 3‐butylpyridine (3‐BP) was identified as a major compound in the active fraction by comparing its mass spectrum with NIST library and its standard. The purified bioactive fraction and standard (3‐BP) toxicity was further validated and compared at 1000 ppm. The result showed that both the bioactive fraction and the 3‐BP have caused necrosis, similar to the one incited by R. solani. This study showed that 3‐BP is one of the major compounds responsible for the necrosis development in the rice plant during ShB disease and is a hitherto unexplored toxin of R. solani in rice.
Socioeconomic and insurance‐related disparities in disease‐specific survival among patients with metastatic bone disease
Authors: Jawad Muhammad Umar , Pollock Brad H. , Wise Barton L. , Zeitlinger Lauren N. , O' Donnell Edmond F. , Carr‐Ascher Janai R. , Cizik Amy , Ferrell Betty , Thorpe Steven W. , Randall R. Lor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 5% of cancer patients in the United States presented with metastatic bone disease (MBD) at diagnosis. Current study explores the disparities in survival for patients with MBD.MethodsPatients with the diagnosis of MBD at presentation for the five most common primary anatomical sites were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Census tract–level dataset (2010–2016). Kaplan–Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard models were used to evaluate survival, and prognostic factors for each cohort. Prognostic significance of socioeconomic status (SES) and insurance status were ascertained.ResultsThe five most common anatomical‐sites with MBD at presentation included “lung” (n = 59 739), “prostate” (n = 19 732), “breast” (n = 16 244), “renal and urothelium” (n = 7718) and “colon” (n= 3068). Lower SES was an independent risk factor for worse disease‐specific survival (DSS) for patients with MBD originating from lung, prostate, breast and colon. Lack of insurance was an independent risk factor for worse DSS for MBD patients with primary tumors in lung and breast.ConclusionsMBD patients from the five most common primary sites demonstrated SES and insurance‐related disparities in disease‐specific survival. This is the first and largest study to explore SES and insurance‐related disparities among patients specifically afflicted with MBD. Our findings highlight vulnerability of patients with MBD across multiple primary sites to financial toxicity.
Ultra‐High Frequency Ultrasound in Melanoma Management
Authors: Oranges Teresa , Janowska Agata , Scatena Cristian , Faita Francesco , Lascio Nicole Di , Izzetti Rossana , Fidanzi Cristian , Romanelli Marco , Dini Valentina 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe main aim of this study is to evaluate the correspondence between the ultrasonographic thickness and the Breslow thickness in melanoma using ultra‐high frequency ultrasound and the intra‐ and inter‐operator repeatability in the ultrasonographic measurements of melanoma depth. Moreover, we propose a new protocol based on a combined ultrasonographic–histopathological approach.MethodsWe analyzed 27 melanomas in a population consisted of 27 patients (mean age 57.6 years, 51.8% males), who came at the Department of Dermatology (University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy) from April 2016 to March 2018 and had an ultrasonographic examination of a suspected lesion before the surgical removal using ultra‐high frequency ultrasound (Vevo®MD, Fujifilm, Visualsonics, Toronto, Canada; 70 MHz probe). B‐mode images were analyzed by two skilled and blinded operators, and the maximum depth of the lesions was measured using a dedicated graphical user interface developed in Matlab R2016b (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA), to obtain repetitive measurements.ResultsAll melanomas appeared as band‐like or oval/fusiform shaped hypoechoic inhomogeneous lesions. We observed an excellent agreement between the Breslow thickness of melanomas and the ultrasonographic thickness, as well as a reduced intra‐ and inter‐operator variability in the ultrasonographic measurements of melanoma depth.ConclusionsWe propose a ultrasonographic–histopathological protocol which may help clinicians to reduce the diagnostic delay, improve prognosis and survival rates, perform a surgical excision with negative margins, and reduce the variability in the assessment of Breslow thickness.
MR‐lymphangiography identifies lymphatic pathologies in patients with idiopathic recurrent cervical swelling
Authors: Vach Marius , Wagenpfeil Julia , Henkel Andreas , Strieth Sebastian , Luetkens Julian Alexander , Ko Yon‐Dschun , Schild Hans Heinz , Attenberger Ulrike Irmgard , Pieper Claus Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic recurrent cervical swelling may be caused by lymphatic abnormalities.MethodsTen patients (9 females, mean age 51.2 ± 7) with idiopathic recurrent cervical swelling underwent MR‐lymphangiography (MRL). MR‐lymphangiograms were evaluated regarding lymphatic anatomy and flow. Individualized treatment was recommended according to MRL‐findings.Results8/10 patients presented with left‐sided, 2/10 with right‐sided swelling. Pathological lymph‐flow was identified in all cases: thoracic duct dilatation in patients with left‐sided and right lymphatic duct dilatation in right‐sided swelling, accessory thoracic lymphatics in 7/10 and reflux in 8/10 cases. In two cases, a lymphatic thrombus was identified.After treatment, symptoms resolved completely in 6/10 cases and partially in 1/10 cases. The remaining three patients have intermittent swellings but have no treatment wish.ConclusionIdiopathic recurrent cervical swelling can be caused by lymphatic anomalies. MRL displays impaired lymphatic drainage, lymphatic vessel dilatation, and chylolymphatic reflux as hallmarks of this condition and may aid in targeted treatment planning.
Tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials with respect to attenuation and absorption of X‐rays used for diagnostic and interventional imaging
Authors: Kunert Patrizia , Trinkl Sebastian , Giussani Augusto , Reichert Detlef , Brix Gunnar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThree‐dimensional printing is a promising technology to produce phantoms for quality assurance and dosimetry in X‐ray imaging. Crucial to this, however, is the use of tissue equivalent printing materials. It was thus the aim of this study to evaluate the properties of a larger number of commercially available printing filaments with respect to their attenuation and absorption of X‐rays.Materials and methodsApparent kerma attenuation coefficients (AKACs) and absorbed doses for different X‐ray spectra (tube voltages, 70–140 kV) were measured and simulated by Monte‐Carlo computations for a larger number of fused‐deposition‐modeling (FDM) materials. The results were compared with the respective values simulated for reference body tissues. In addition, the properties of polylactide acid samples printed with reduced infill densities were investigated.ResultsMeasured and simulated AKACs and absorbed doses agreed well with each other and in case of AKACs also with attenuation coefficients derived from the reference database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For lung, adipose, muscle, and bulk soft tissue as well as for spongiosa (cancellous bone), printed materials with equivalent attenuation as well as absorption properties could be identified. In contrast, none of the considered printed materials was equivalent to cortical bone.ConclusionSeveral FDM materials have been identified as well‐suited substitutes for body tissues in terms of the investigated material characteristics. They can therefore be used for in‐house production of individualized and task‐specific phantoms for image quality assessment and dose measurements in X‐ray imaging.
Contemporary Growth and Survival of Stocked and Wild Lake Trout in Lake Champlain Evaluated Using Maxillary Age Estimates
Authors: Hemmelgarn Grace L. , Marcy-Quay Benjamin , Marsden J. Ellen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The population of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Champlain has been sustained by stocking since 1973, but natural recruitment of wild fish has been observed since 2012. By 2020, continued recruitment and maturation of wild year-classes indicated that updated population parameters were needed to assess and adjust management practices. Age estimation from historical methods (fin clips and scales) was undependable due to crowding of annuli in older fish and the inability to verify uncertain age estimates using a 5-year fin clip rotation for older fish. We used maxillary bones to obtain precise and accurate age estimates for adult wild and stocked fish. In combination with preadult ages derived from fin clips and length–frequency analysis, we estimated the contemporary survival and growth of juvenile (age 2–3), early-adult (age 3–4), and adult (age 5+) Lake Trout in Lake Champlain. The precision and accuracy of our maxillary age estimates were greater than or comparable to the precision and accuracy of otolith and maxillary age estimates of Lake Trout populations in the Great Lakes. Estimates of Lake Trout growth suggested that stocked and wild fish grew at different rates, with stocked fish having an early size advantage but ultimately reaching a similar maximum size. There were no significant differences in length–weight relationships between stocked and wild fish. Estimates of adult survival were slightly greater than range-wide averages and well above recent estimates for stocked populations in the Great Lakes. Juvenile and early-adult survival estimates were similar to each other and both far lower than adult estimates. Stocked and wild fish had similar survival rates in all age-classes. Ultimately, the use of maxillary bones allowed us to make better estimates of contemporary population parameters necessary for informing management decisions.
Effects of Length and Bag Limits on Largemouth Bass Tournament Capture and Mortality
Authors: Maahs Brandon , Sylvia Andrea , Weber Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tournament mortality of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides can be a major source of population mortality. Tournament captures and mortality may be reduced through restrictive harvest regulations (bag and length limits), but these approaches for mitigating tournament mortality have not been assessed. We assessed the effects of bass tournament angler bag and minimum length limits on the number of bass weighed in, bass tournament weigh-in probability, and the reduction in tournament mortality. We tagged nearly 4,000 Largemouth Bass during 205 tournaments and electrofishing events at Brushy Creek Lake, Iowa, from 2015 to 2019. We then used a before–after–control–impact analysis to evaluate the effect of tournament regulations (bag limit: either three or five bass; minimum length limit: no minimum or 305, 330, 356, or 381 mm) on bass monthly catch rates and a capture–recapture model to assess tournament weigh-in probability among regulation types. Number of bass per tournament angler-hour was similar among a three-bass, ≥381-mm length limit and more liberalized regulations (mean = 0.26 bass/angler/h). Length and bag limits had little effect on bass weigh-in probability. We estimated that reducing the bag limit from five to three bass would have little effect, while a reduction from three to two bass would reduce the number of bass weighed in by 35% and a bag limit of one bass would result in a 62% reduction. Alternatively, a minimum length limit of ≥381 mm could reduce the number of bass weighed in by over 40%. Tournament mortality was greatest in July and August, but low catch rates during these months resulted in little mortality. Although current length and bag limits did not affect bass weigh-in probability, the number of bass weighed in and associated tournament mortality may be reduced if bag and length limits are very restrictive (≤2 bass/angler or minimum length ≥381 mm). However, restrictive tournament regulations may not be biologically necessary or socially acceptable.
Variation in Prairie Chub hatch relationships across wet and dry years in the upper Red River basin
Authors: Wedgeworth Maeghen , Mollenhauer Robert , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
The Prairie Chub Macrhybopsis australis is a poorly studied minnow species endemic to the upper Red River basin and is of both state and federal conservation interest due to uncertainty about its life history and potential listing status. The upper Red River basin of Oklahoma and Texas is a harsh environment where drought and extreme flow events are exacerbated by human alterations. As an assumed pelagic-broadcast-spawning minnow, the Prairie Chub is capable of a protracted spawning season and larval fish survival is assumed to be linked to discharge and streamflow variability.

Methods
We systematically collected 2,017 age-0 Prairie Chub from seven sites (North Fork Red River, Salt Fork Red River, Pease River, Red River, Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, North Wichita River, and South Wichita River) with variable flow patterns during April–September 2019 and May–August 2020. We used otolith age estimates and back calculations to determine successful spawning dates. We used a hurdle model framework to examine relationships between hatch probability and hatch frequency.

Result
Hatch probability had a negative relationship with calendar day and declined as calendar day increased. Hatch counts peaked in late June and early July and declined thereafter in 2019 but showed no discernible peak during the spawning season in 2020. Hatch probability during the spawning season increased with relative flow and air temperature. Increased hatch counts were also positively related to discharge variability (CV) for the 10 d prior to hatch dates.

Conclusion
Our findings indicated that successful hatches had considerable spatial and temporal variability, with some sites contributing minimally to the population during some years. Spatial and temporal variability of hatch probability and hatch frequencies pose a variety of considerations for future conservation and management efforts, particularly given the pending federal listing status of the species.
Collocation‐based harmonic balance framework for highly accurate periodic solution of nonlinear dynamical system
Authors: Dai Honghua , Yan Zipu , Wang Xuechuan , Yue Xiaokui , Atluri Satya N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeriodic dynamical systems ubiquitously exist in science and engineering. The harmonic balance (HB) method and its variants have been the most widely‐used approaches for such systems, but are either confined to low‐order approximations or impaired by aliasing and improper‐sampling problems. Here we propose a collocation‐based harmonic balance framework to successfully unify and reconstruct the HB‐like methods. Under this framework a new conditional identity, which exactly bridges the gap between frequency‐domain and time‐domain harmonic analyses, is discovered by introducing a novel aliasing matrix. Upon enforcing the aliasing matrix to vanish, we propose a powerful reconstruction harmonic balance (RHB) method that obtains extremely high‐order (>100) nonaliasing solutions, previously deemed out‐of‐reach, for a range of complex nonlinear systems including the cavitation bubble dynamics, the three‐body problem and the two dimensional airfoil dynamics. We show that the present method is 2–3 orders of magnitude more accurate and simultaneously much faster than the state‐of‐the‐art method. Hence, it has immediate applications in multidisciplinary problems where highly accurate periodic solutions are sought.
Association of dietary antioxidant index with body mass index in adolescents
Authors: Aminnejad Bahareh , Roumi Zahra , Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh Naeemeh , Vahid Farhad , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Kalantari Naser , Ataei Asal , Doaei Saeid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDietary antioxidants may decrease body fat through reduction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and body mass index (BMI) in adolescent boys.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 593 adolescent boys aged 12–16 years were randomly selected and were divided into two groups of overweight and non‐overweight individuals. Data on physical activity and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using 168‐item semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the DAI score was calculated to measure the antioxidant capacity of the diet.ResultsThe overweight adolescents had higher intake of energy (2490.55 ± 632.49 vs. 2354.33 ± 632.64 kcal/d, p = 0.01), carbohydrate (290.21 ± 71.41 vs. 272.93 ± 79.22 g/d, p = 0.01), fat (111.51 ± 40.76 vs. 104.51 ± 35.56 g/d, p = 0.04), calcium (811.70 ± 283.70 vs. 741.06 ± 251.17 g/d, p = 0.003), and vitamin D (1.41 ± 1.17 vs. 1.18 ± 1.19 μg/d, p = 0.031) in comparison with normal weight adolescents. The DAI had an inverse association with BMI after adjustment for age and caloric intake (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76–0.96, p = 0.009). Additional adjustment for dietary intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, manganese, and selenium did not change the results.ConclusionThe results of the study showed that following a diet rich in antioxidants may be effective in preventing obesity in adolescent boys. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these finding and to determine the underlying mechanisms.