bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Practices for the Independent Medical Examination of Mental and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Els Charl , Gelinas Barry , Carter Rose M. , Kertay Les 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Independent medical examinations (IMEs) are elective evaluations of clinical conditions and differ from a clinical consultation in several important ways. They are conducted in many medicolegal contexts and are performed by a regulated health professional who is not the treating health care provider. An IME seeks objective information about the examinee's diagnoses, functional abilities and impairments, and other features relevant to addressing medicolegal-related cases by relying on multiple data sources. Best practice guidelines have been established for the completion of physical IMEs. However, similar mental and behavioral disorder (M&BD) standards are less common, and M&BD IMEs often do not follow a consistent process. This article offers guidance on applying and adapting existing standards to M&BD IMEs. We outlined the appropriate use of psychiatric nomenclature and how to apply recent changes to Chapter 14 of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The article further offers a mechanism for introducing greater objectivity into an otherwise subjective process by employing relevant psychological validity testing and conducting a coherence analysis in formulating an opinion. In summary, we provide a synopsis of current best practices and offer the examiner a method for aligning M&BD IMEs with equally high standards of excellence.
Self‐Assembled LaFeO3/ZnFe2O4/La2O3 Ultracompact Hybrids with Enhanced Piezo‐Phototronic Effect for Oxygen Activation in Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhang Lixuan , Wang Kai , Jia Yanqi , Fang Liping , Han Chen , Li Jiaquan , Shao Zongping , Li Xinyong , Qiu Jieshan , Liu Shaomin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPiezoelectric polarization portrays a promising technology to regulate the photogenerated charge carrier separation and transfer behaviors, and the design of multifunctional catalysts with piezo‐phototronic effect is a key step. One strategy is to prepare a composite catalyst combining the ideal properties from each individual component. Herein, a facial dopant‐induced self‐assembling strategy is reported to fabricate an ultracompact nanocomposite (LaFeO3/ZnFe2O4/La2O3) with enhanced efficiency for piezo‐photocatalysis. The composite is synthesized at 800 °C from the one‐pot method, thus the self‐constructed interface is created during multi‐phase formation, providing the intimate grain‐to‐grain contact between the semiconductive LaFeO3 and piezoelectric ZnFe2O4/La2O3 phases. In such a composite, a synergistic effect for oxygen activation is realized via the effective manipulation of the photogenerated charge carrier separation and spatial transportation through the vibration‐created piezopotential. A high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) up to 826 pm V−1 and a superior H2O2 yield of 403 µmol g−1 h−1 (in open air and pure water) are achieved on the optimized composite, outperforming most of the reported lead‐free piezo‐photocatalyst. The ultracompact composite is very robust without any decay in H2O2‐delivering capability after many cyclic tests. This study provides a universal strategy for the rational design of high‐performance piezo‐photocatalysts.
Flexible Ferroelectric Devices: Status and Applications
Authors: Jia Xiaotong , Guo Rui , Tay Beng Kang , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible electronic devices have been extensively studied for their advantages of distinguished portability, conformal contact characteristics, and human‐friendly interfaces compared with conventional bulk Si technology. Flexible electronics can be attached to various surfaces like skin and internal organs for human–machine interaction, which has made significant advances in electronics, medicine, neuromorphic computing, etc. Owing to the innovation and maturation of the thin film preparation process, which have promoted the successful preparation of high‐quality flexible ferroelectric films. Herein, the preparation of flexible ferroelectric devices and the progress of their applications in recent years are reviewed. Prevailing methods for preparing flexible ferroelectric films including the van der Waals heteroepitaxy on flexible substrate, delamination of the ferroelectric films on rigid substrate by chemical etching techniques, and direct use of novel 2D ferroelectric materials etc. are summarized. The research progress of flexible ferroelectric devices applied to memories, sensors, photovoltaic devices, and energy harvesters are also be discussed in detail. Moreover, the potential applications of flexible ferroelectric devices in the field of neuromorphic computing are studied, a new trend which contributes to the further development of brain‐like chip systems. Finally, the challenges and prospects of flexible ferroelectric devices in the future advanced electronics are briefly proposed.
Characteristics and Neural Correlates of Emotional Behavior during Prefrontal Seizures
Authors: Singh Rinki , Giusiano Bernard , Bonini Francesca , Lagarde Stanislas , Brockington Alice , Trébuchon‐Dafonseca Agnès , Bartolomei Fabrice , McGonigal Aileen 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize clinical expression and intracerebral electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates of emotional expression during prefrontal epileptic seizures.MethodsWe performed a descriptive analysis of seizure semiology in patients explored with stereo‐EEG (SEEG) for pharmacoresistant prefrontal epilepsy, using a semiquantitative score for seizure‐related emotional behavior. Two independent observers scored occurrence and intensity of objective emotional features (face/body movements/vocalization/overall appearance), testing interobserver reliability. Intracerebral electrophysiological changes were documented. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) compared behavioral signs with neural SEEG correlates. For each patient, the clinical and anatomoelectrophysiological scores were established, based on a prototypical emotional seizure.ResultsForty‐two patients (469 seizures) were included. Interobserver correlation for emotional signs was satisfactory (kappa = 0.6–0.8). Prevalence of any subjective and/or objective ictal emotional phenomena was 79% (33/42); objective emotional signs occurred in 27 of 42 subjects (64%). Negatively valenced emotional semiology (ictal feeling of fear, defensive and/or aggressive behaviors) was much more prevalent than positively valenced, prosocial behaviors. Cluster analysis and PCA identified 4 groups with different occurrence of emotional signs and cerebral correlates. Two main clusters of negatively valenced behavior were identified: “active threat response,” associated with seizure organizations involving posterior orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral and/or ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; and “passive fear,” associated with amygdala, other mesial temporal structures, and posterior orbitofrontal cortex.InterpretationEmotional behaviors, especially fear/threat response, are common in prefrontal seizures, reflecting the role of the prefrontal cortex in emotional control. Different cortical seizure localizations were associated with “passive fear” and “active threat response” seizure behaviors at the group level. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1052–1065
Tailoring Pure Inorganic Electrolyte for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries Operating at −60 °C
Authors: Zhu Kunjie , Sun Zhiqin , Jin Ting , Chen Xuchun , Si Yuchang , Li Haixia , Jiao Lifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) have attracted increasing attention for next‐generation energy storage technologies due to their abundant resources and environmentally‐safe, while their application scenarios are severely limited by the high freezing point of conventional aqueous electrolytes. To overcome the aforementioned issues of ASIBs, a novel hybrid 3.5 m Mg(ClO4)2+0.5 m NaClO4 electrolyte (m: mol kg−1) with an ultra‐low freezing point (<−80 °C) is proposed. The exceptional anti‐freezing feature is mainly attributed to the higher ionic potential of Mg2+, greatly affecting the chemical environment of water molecules and inhibiting ice formation under subzero conditions. Benefiting from the superiority of ionic conductivity (4.86 mS cm−1) for the hybrid electrolyte at −60 °C, the full cell of active carbon||NaTi2(PO4)3@C delivers an ultra‐long lifespan of 10000 cycles under 8 C (1 C=133 mA g−1) at −60 °C. More importantly, some representative devices in daily life including smartphone and motor can be powered by ASIBs at −60 °C. Therefore, this work provides a rational and effective strategy for design and application of ASIBs with excellent electrochemical performance that can work in extremely cold environments.
Continued exposure to D‐galactose in postnatal period may inhibit excessive primordial follicle reduction in rats exposed prenatally to D‐galactose
Authors: Dovom Marzieh Rostami , Noroozzadeh Mahsa , Mosaffa Nariman , Zadeh‐Vakili Azita , Piryaei Abbas , Rahmati Maryam , Azar Mahbanoo Farhadi , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe aimed to compare the ovarian reserve of rats exposed to oral D‐galactose during prenatal and early life with rats exposed to D‐galactose only during the prenatal period. Fifteen female pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first and second groups were fed a D‐galactose enriched diet (35%) from the third day of pregnancy to parturition (PP) and the third day to the end of lactation (PL), respectively. The control group (C group) was fed a standard diet. The study population was the female offspring of three groups (PP′, PL′, and C′), in which some reproductive factors were examined between 45 and 50 days of age. When compared with the PP′ group, the number of primordial follicles was significantly higher in the PL′ group at PND 45–50 (40 vs. 30; p = .01); however, the antimullerian hormone level was significantly reduced in the PL′ group versus control group (−2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.83, −1.53 ng/ml p = .000), and follicle‐stimulating hormone level significantly increased in PP′ group versus control (4.5 mIU/ml, 95% CI: 1.40–7.62, p = .005). There was no significant difference in leukocyte infiltration or antiovarian antibody among the groups. Continued exposure to D‐galactose during the lactation period inhibits the primordial follicle loss in rats in terms of producing fewer atretic follicles.
Getting patients back for routine colorectal cancer screening: Randomized controlled trial of a shared decision‐making intervention
Authors: Sepucha Karen R. , Valentine Kathrene D. , Atlas Steven J. , Chang Yuchiao , Fairfield Kathleen M. , Ha Jasmine , Leavitt Lauren , Lee Vivian , Percac‐Lima Sanja , Richter James M. , Simmons Leigh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThousands of colonoscopies were canceled during the initial surge of the COVID‐19 pandemic. As facilities resumed services, some patients were hesitant to reschedule. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a decision aid plus telephone coaching would increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and improve patient reports of shared decision making (SDM). A randomized controlled trial assigned adults aged 45–75 without prior history of CRC who had a colonoscopy canceled from March to May 2020 to intervention (n = 400) or usual care control (n = 400) arms. The intervention arm received three‐page decision aid and call from decision coach from September 2020 through November 2020. Screening rates were collected at 6 months. A subset (n = 250) in each arm was surveyed 8 weeks after randomization to assess SDM (scores range 0–4, higher scores indicating more SDM), decisional conflict, and screening preference. The sample was on average, 60 years old, 53% female, 74% White, non‐Hispanic, and 11% Spanish speaking. More intervention arm patients were screened within 6 months (35% intervention vs 23% control, p < 0.001). The intervention respondents reported higher SDM scores (mean difference 0.7 [0.4, 0.9], p < 0.001) and less decisional conflict than controls (−21% [−35%, −7%], p = 0.003). The majority in both arms preferred screening versus delaying (68% intervention vs. 65% control, p = 0.75). An SDM approach that offered alternatives and incorporated patients' preferences resulted in higher screening rates. Patients who are overdue for CRC screening may benefit from proactive outreach with SDM support.
Complex, high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention types, trends, and in‐hospital outcomes among different age groups: An insight from a national registry
Authors: Shamkhani Warkaa , Rashid Muhammad , Mamas Mamas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundComplex, high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (CHiP) is increasingly being undertaken in octogenarians. However, limited data exist on CHiP types, trends, and outcomes in the octogenarian.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study from a national registry dataset on CHiP undertaken in patients with stable angina in England and Wales (January 2006 and December 2017) according to three age groups (group 1 [G1]: < 65 years; group 2 [G2]: 65–79 years; and group 3 [G3]: ≥80 years).ResultsOf 424,290 elective PCI procedures, 138,831 (33.0%) were CHiP [G1: 46,832 (33.7%); G2: 59,544 (42.9%); G3: 32,455 (23.4%)]. Among CHiP types, chronic total occlusion (CTO) (49.2%), prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (30.4%), and severe vascular calcification (21.8%) were common in G1; prior CABG (42.9%), CTO (32.9%), and severe vascular calcifications (27%) were common in G2; prior CABG (15.8%), severe vascular calcification (15.5%), and chronic renal failure (11.1%) were common CHiP among the octogenarians. The older age groups had higher adjusted odds (aOR) for adverse outcomes [G2: mortality, aOR 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.3–2.3); major bleeding, aOR 1.3, 95% CI (1.1–1.5); MACCE, aOR 1.2, 95% CI (1.0–1.3); G3: mortality, aOR 2.6, 95%CI (1.9–3.6); major bleeding, aOR 1.4, 95% CI (1.1–1.7); MACCE, aOR 1.3, 95% CI (1.1–1.5)].ConclusionThere were significant differences in the types of CHiP cases undertaken and clinical outcomes across age groups.
Controlling the Surface Reactivity of Hybrid Ti3CN MXene via In‐situ Electrocatalysis
Authors: Uwadiunor Ekenedilichukwu , Johnson Denis , Hansen Kyle , Djire Abdoulaye 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) carbide and nitride MXenes possess properties that are desirable for a broad range of electrocatalytic applications including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). These properties include high surface area, hydrophilicity, heterogeneity of redox‐active transition metals, and tunable surface functionalities allowing for low HER overpotentials. In this paper, we report on the cathodic etching and −O/−OH functionalization of hybrid Ti3CN upon the application of an external potential for improved HER performance and show that the active sites for HER on this MXene catalyst are located primarily on the −O− and −OH functional groups. The overpotential for the hybrid Ti3CN improves by 350 mV upon in‐situ −O/−OH functionalization and etching, reaching −0.46 V vs. RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, much lower than those reported for the benchmark Ti3C2 carbide MXene. These results provide a path forward to tuning the electrocatalytic activity of MXenes and related electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Biorefineries in Kraft pulp mills for biofuels production: A critical review
Authors: Oliveira Kátia D. , Cademartori Pedro H. G. , Muniz Graciela I. B. , Luz‐Junior Luiz F. L. , Ávila‐Neto Cícero N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKraft pulp production generates residues and by‐products of significant importance to the mill. Solid residues from forestry activities are commonly used to generate steam in power boilers. In the recovery cycle, black liquor generates steam (and subsequently energy) by burning in the Tomlinson boiler, while white liquor is regenerated. Well‐developed alternative technologies can use these residues and by‐products to generate different types of biofuels. This review addresses the use of such technologies integrated with Kraft mills, in the concept of biorefineries, showing advantages, disadvantages, and successful examples. Solid residues from forestry can be used to produce bio‐oil through processes such as fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. Bio‐oils are currently used for heating through combustion in commercial/industrial boilers, but greater appreciation occurs if used as biofuels, which is done through catalytic upgrading processes. Black liquor gasification generates synthesis gas, which can be burned for energy co‐generation, used to produce synthetic fuels, or as a hydrogenating agent for bio‐oil or crude tall oil catalytic upgrading. Kraft biorefineries are gradually being implemented, justifying efforts to improve existing and new biomass conversion technologies.
Photoswitchable, Water‐Soluble Bisazobenzene Cross‐Linkers with Enhanced Properties for Biological Applications
Authors: Volarić Jana , Thallmair Sebastian , Feringa Ben L. , Szymanski Wiktor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoswitchable cross‐linkers are light‐responsive molecules that can be attached at two locations to a target biomolecule to modulate its activity. Under irradiation, the cross‐linker changes the distance between the residues it spans, affecting the structure and function of the labeled target. Efficient photocontrol is enabled especially by cross‐linkers with large end‐to‐end length change upon switching. The design of water‐soluble azobenzene‐based cross‐linkers for applications in chemical biology remains challenging due to major issues regarding synthesis and purification. Furthermore, the solubility and photochemical properties of the reported systems are frequently not suitable in aqueous media. Herein we report two water‐soluble bisazobenzene cross‐linkers with extended half‐lives and high photostationary state isomer distributions that can be achieved upon irradiation. We present molecules that enable cross‐linking of biomolecular residues within one target, or are bridging two proteins to allow the study of protein–protein interactions, which paves the way for light‐based manipulation of under‐explored biological targets.
Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil
Authors: Mahmood Amal Ibrahim , Gharghan Sadik Kamel , Eldosoky Mohamed A. , Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiomedical implants (BMIs) and biomedical sensors (BMSs) help to improve quality of life, detect diseases, provide monitoring of vital signs, and take over the role of malfunctioning organs. These implants and sensors require continuous battery power to work effectively, but the batteries used are restricted by their limited capacity and lifetime. This research reported here involved the design and implementation of a wireless charging system based on a series–parallel spider‐web coil (WPT‐SP‐SWC), specifically for cardiac pacemakers. The experimental design investigated several important parameters, including air gap, applied source voltage, coil size, and operating frequency. Performance metrics were evaluated in terms of output DC voltage, delivered output power, and power transfer efficiency. The target voltage was 5 V, which is adequate to charge a BMI such as a pacemaker, and three source voltages (5, 15, and 25 V) were tested. The design was examined at six operating frequencies, ranging from 1.78 MHz to 6.78 MHz. The most favorable results were achieved at 1.78 MHz. Power transfer efficiencies at a 10 mm air gap were 95.75% and 92.08% for applied voltages of 5 V and 15 V, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed system was also validated by comparing the findings with previous articles.
Negative quadrant glitch suppression control of ball‐screw‐driven stage for machine tool by friction compensation and initial value compensation
Authors: Hayashi Takumi , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Isaoka Yoshihiro , Terada Yuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBall‐screw‐driven stages are widely used as feed systems of industrial equipment such as machine tools. Rolling friction in the stages causes a large tracking error called a quadrant glitch at a velocity reversal. Although the model‐based friction compensation reduces the quadrant glitch, it often leads to a tracking error in the direction opposite to the quadrant glitch. This study aims to present a control system that reduces both the quadrant glitch and opposite‐direction error. This is achieved by combining the model‐based friction compensation and initial value compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is verified by simulations and experiments with two‐axis experimental setup.
Stabilizing the C−N Double Bond Character in Fumaramide with the Aid of Superacids
Authors: Bayer Marie C. , Greither Nikolaus , Bockmair Valentin , Nitzer Alexander , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFumaramide was reacted with the superacidic systems XF/SbF5 and XF/BF3 (X=H, D) leading to the formation of the O‐diprotonated species. Using an equimolar amount of the Lewis acids relating to fumaramide, a mixture of the diprotonated salt and the diadduct with O‐coordinated HF was obtained. The salts [C4H2X6N2O2]2+[(BF4)−]2 and [C4H2X6N2O2]2+[(SbF6)−]2 (X=H, D) were characterized by low‐temperature vibrational spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses were carried out for the compounds [C4H8N2O2]2+[(BF4)−]2, C4H6N2O2⋅⋅⋅2HF, and fumaramide. To discuss the experimental results, quantum chemical calculations were executed at the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. To investigate the impact of the protonation on the resonance +M effect and the electron distribution concerning the conjugated system ESP maps, NPA charges, and NBO analyses were consulted. Due to the protonation, the nitrogen lone pair contributes completely to the formation of the C=N π‐bond, stabilizing the C=N double bond character. Since no monoprotonation of fumaramide is observed, amide hydrolysis is possible simultaneously on both amide groups.
Synergistic moisturizing activity and antioxidant activity between crude polysaccharides and flavonoids in discarded stem of Trollius chinensis bunge
Authors: Zhang Saimin , Guo Qiwei , Xin Yu , Li Qixuan , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, the synergistic effect in moisturizing activity and antioxidant activity between the promising unconventional polysaccharide and flavonoids from stems of Trollius chinensis bunge (TCS) was investigated. The results showed that the mixture with the mass ratio (w/w) of 7:3 (flavonoids to polysaccharides) appeared better moisture retention (73.08 ± 2.4%) and scavenging effects on·OH radicals (85.46 ± 0.52%). Meanwhile, the mixture with the mass ratio (w/w) of 3:7 (flavonoids to polysaccharides) unveiled better scavenging effects on DPPH radicals (44.10 ± 0.81%) and reducing capacity. The results confirmed that the polysaccharides and flavonoids from TCS have good synergistic effects in moisturizing activity and antioxidant activity, and have the potential to be used in the food industry as edible films or edible packaging materials.