bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Cabbage Looper Larvae On Cabbage, 1975
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All insecticides were applied at 4.2 kg/cm2 (air pressure) and 380 l/ha through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 28 cm apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 4.4 km/hr. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. There were 3 replications of each treatment. Treatments were applied to 1.5 x 5.2 m, 4-row beds (30 cm interplant and 56 cm interrow spacing). The spring, summer, and fall crops planted on April 11, May 7, and July 2, respectively, were rill irrigated every 10 to 14 days. Temperatures ranged from 5 to 30, 10 to 40, and 5 to 30°C during the test periods. The afternoon prior to each treatment, 4 heads in two 1.2 x 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were stocked with 2nd to 5th stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The percentage control obtained at the harvests on June 30, Aug 1, and Sep 12 was determined by removing the heads infested at each site and examining them leaf by leaf.
Fall Armyworm Control on Young Sweet Corn, 1975
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide tests were conducted at Homestead for control of Spodopterafrugiperda. Corn for Test 1 was planted in mid February. Plots consisted of two rows 3 ft apart, 40 ft long. Materials were applied to the whorl March 6 at the rate of 50 gal of water per acre with a 2 gal hand-held sprayer operating at 30 to 40 psi. Insect counts were made 1, 4, and 7 days post-treatment. Numbers of small (less than 0.5 inch) and large (0.5 inch or longer) fall armyworm larvae per plant were determined on each sampling date by sacrificing 10 plants, selected at random, from each plot. Corn for Test 2 was planted in mid April and plots consisted of one row, 30 ft long. Materials were applied to the whorl April 29 as described for Test 1. Insect counts were made 1, 3, and 7 days posttreatmenf. Numbers of S. frugiperda larvae per plant were determined as described for Test 1. Data were analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range statistic.
Potato Insect Control with Alternate Row Treatments of Soil Applied Systemic Insecticide, 1975
Authors: Wildung David K. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thimet 15G was applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at 2 lb a.i./acre to ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes planted May 19 to 21, at Grand Rapids, Minn. The experiment compared the following: all rows treated, alternate rows treated, and untreated potatoes in 0.9 acre plots with 3 repli-cations. The soil type is a sandy loam with low organic matter. Eptam was applied preplant and Lorox at emergence for weed control. Dithane M-45 fungicide was applied at potato emergence and again 10 days later. Duter fungicide was applied 7 times beginning in mid-July. No insecticidal sprays were used. Insects were counted on 50 randomly selected, mid-plant leaves/plot. In the alternate row plots 25 leaves were selected from treated rows and 25 leaves selected from untreated rows. Plots were sampled at 2 week intervals, June 30 to September 5. Counts were made of nymphs of the potato leafhopper and apterae of the green peach aphid and of the potato aphid. The plots were harvested September 26 to 29. Yields were taken from 4,100 ft2 subplots within each main plot.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Spring and Fall Spinach, 1974
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All treatments were applied at 4.2 kg/cm2 (air pressure) and 389 L/ha through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 28 cm apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor traveling at 4.4 km/hr. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. Each of the 4 replications of each treatment was applied to a 1.5 x 6 m, 4-row bed (35 cm interrow spacing). The insecticides were evaluated as maintenance treatments (repeated applications to control eggs and small larvae) and/or as clean-up treatments ( a single application to control large larvae, 48 hr prior to harvest). The afternoon prior to each treatment, two, 1.2 x 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were stocked with eggs or 2nd to 5th stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The spring crop was planted on March 25 and was sprinkler irrigated (2.5 cm/hr) weekly until just before the 3rd of 4 applications. Usually, the crop was irrigated 2 to 3 days prior to a given application. Temperatures ranged from 1 to 13 to 15 to 33°C during the spring test and from 11 to 28 to 4 to 22°C during the fall test. The fall crop was planted on August 1 and was sprinkler irrigated in the same way as the spring. The percentage control obtained on June 10 (spring test) and September 30 (fall test) was determined by cutting and examining the foliage and the soil beneath at each site.
Fruitworm Control on Tomatoes
Authors: Kouskolekas Costas A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes ‘Homestead 24’ were planted on May 2. Each plot was 1/100 A and included 10 tomato hills. There were three replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. During early growth, the plants were dusted with Sevin (1.0 lb/A) on May 13, and sprayed with parathion (0.5 lb/A) on May 20 to prevent flea beetle and aphid damage. Applications of test insecticides were made on June 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30. Materials were applied using hand sprayers and plants were sprayed to runoff. The fungicide Bravo (1.0 lb/A) and Biofilm spreader-sticker (6 fl oz/A) were added to each spray mix. Tomatoes were harvested first on July 10 and the number of tomatoes damaged by the fruitworm determined. The plants received an additional spray on July 10, after the first harvest. A second harvest and determination of damage were made on July 22.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Larvae of the Corn Rootworm in Nebraska, 1975
Authors: Reed H. E. , Chambers A. Y , Lentz G. L. , Mayo Z. B. , Peters L. L. , Campbell J. B. , Hagen A. F. , Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting time applications of registered corn rootworm soil insecticides or insecticides nearing registration were applied to corn plots at Mean (May 2), Clay Center (May 6), North Platte (May 8), Scottsbluff (May 7) and Concord (May 14), Nebraska. The Mead experiment was conducted under dryland conditions while all other locations were under irrigation. All insecticides were applied over the row in seven inch bands (incorporated by a press wheel) at 1.2 oz Al/1000 linear ft of row. All tests were arranged in randomized complete block designs with four replications. One row (50 ft long, 30 inch spacing) was used for each treatment. From each 50 ft treatment, one-half of the row was used for root damage evaluations. To determine yield 20 ft of row was hand-harvested and converted to bu of no 2 corn/acre. Root damage was determined by digging 5 plants from each row and using a 1-6 damage rating scale. Statistical analyses were conducted for each location and all locations combined.
Control of the European Corn Borer by Aerial Application of Larvin and Epn, 1984
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , North R. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One commercial field, located near Avon, NY, was divided into 3 sections. A Grumman Air Cat, delivering 3 gal/acre, was used to apply a single application (8 Aug) of each treatment to the corn when it was in the early green tassel stage. Control of the ECB was assessed by removing a whole leaf from the middle height of 10 plants/plot, exising a 4-inch square from the middle of the leaf, and allowing 3 neonatal larvae to feed on the section for 72 h at 70°F. Samples were taken from the field at 1, 3, and 7 days posttreatment.
Efficacy and Yield Evaluations of Resmethrin Treatments on Eggplant, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eggplant was transplanted 16 Jim on black plastic in a loam soil field in Giles Co, VA. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Each replicate consisted of three 15-ft rows with 10 plants per row (1.5-ft plant spacing). Row placement was 5 ft with 3-ft alleys between replicates. Treatments were applied on the following dates: 19, 25 Jun, 3, 10, 18, 24 Jul, 9, 15, 20, and 31 Aug. A compressed air sprayer was used for placement of the insecticide over each treated row of plants. One Teejet 8003 fan-type nozzle, delivering 20 gal/acre at 30 psi, was used 19 Jun-24 Jul. The remainder of the treatments received a finished spray volume of 50 gal/acre at 30 psi, employing 1 Teejet 8004 fan-type nozzle. Mancozeb 80 WP at 2 lb/acre was applied separately from the insecticide treatments on each application date for disease control.
Alsystin Cage Study in the Colorado Potato Beetle, 1983
Authors: Chmiel Stephen M. , Wollam John D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 27 Apr in sandy loam soil at the Mobay Research Farm, Howe, IN. One-row plots measuring 3 X 8 ft were covered with 4-ft high A-frame screened cages and 4 pair of mated adult Colorado potato beetles (CPB) were placed in each cage on 2 Jun. Each treatment was replicated 4 times using a randomized complete block design. All sprays were applied with a hand held CO2 pressurized sprayer with a hollow cone tip at 40 psi and 360 gpa. Alsystin 4F was applied at 500 g (AI)/ha on 3 spray schedules. Schedule A (5-8 day schedule) received sprays on 2, 9, 17, 22, 29 Jun, 6, 12, and 18 Jul; Schedule B (5-15 day schedule), 2, 17, 22 Jun, 6, and 18 Jul; Schedule C (14-20 day schedule), 2, 22 Jun, and 6 Jul. Data included counts of egg masses and larvae/cage, egg viability determination, defoliation estimates, and adult emergence counts.
Foliar Potato Insecticide Trial, 1983
Authors: Chmiel Stephen M. , Wolk Jim O. , Wollam John D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 27 Apr at the Mobay Research Farm, Howe, IN. Plots measured 6 ft (2 rows) x 25 ft with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted boom sprayer (3 hollow-cone nozzles/row) at 26 psi and 50 gpa on 17 Jun, 11 Jul, and 19 Jul. Efficacy data on Colorado potato beetle (CPB) included larval and adult counts, and defoliation ratings which reflected larval feeding (30 Jun) and additional feeding due to adult emergence on 15 Jul. Green peach aphid (GPA) and potato leafhopper (PLH) control was evaluated by counting the total number of insects on 10 leaves/plot.
Control of Potato Insects with Foliar Insecticides, Greeley, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 15 May at the Northern Colorado Research Center in Greeley, Colorado. Plot size was single-row, 25-ft in length separated by border rows and randomized in a complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied 17 Jul and 1 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 108 gal/acre. Evaluations of potato psyllid and GPA were made on 4 dates by sampling 20 leaves/plot. Colorado potato beetle larvae were evaluated 1 Aug by counting all larvae on the plants within a plot.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 12 Apr ’84, in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 20 ft long, 5 ft wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied on 13, 21, 29 Jim and 6 Jul. Plant percent defoliation was recorded on 26 Jun, 5 and 9 Jul. Number of Colorado potato beetle CPB larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 22 Jun. Number of stems/10 hills damaged by European corn borers (ECB) were recorded on 16 Jul. Yields (cwt/A) were recorded on 31 Jul. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Potato Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Morrow E. A. , Grafius E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 9 May ’84 at the M.S.U. Montcalm Potato Research Farm. Plots were 3 rows wide (34-inch spacing) by 40 feet, with 2 untreated rows between adjacent plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks per treatment. Treatments were applied at planting, as a sidedress with fertilizer at hilling (30 May), or as weekly foliar treatments from 21 Jun to 16 Aug. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi, with a cluster of nozzles over each of the 3 rows. One nozzle was pointed directly over the top, with the other 2 directed at the sides of the plants. Weekly insect counts (13 Jun-21 Aug) were made from 2 randomly selected plants in the center row of each plot. Colorado potato beetle damage ratings were made weekly 3 Jul-21 Aug also on 2 plants per plot. Damage ratings were: 0, .5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, with 0 denoting no feeding injury, 1 indicating whole leaflets eaten (ca. 10-25% defoliation), 2 denoting general feeding on the entire plant with whole leaves eaten (ca. 50% defoliaton), and 3 indicating complete defoliation (only stems left). On 21 Aug, the plots were rated for overall potato leafhopper damage. Potato leafhopper damage was rated as: 0, .5, 1, 1.5, 2, with 0 denoting no browning of foliage, 1 denoting general browning on plants and 2 indicating heavy necrosis of leaves and premature death ol many of the plants in the plot. Yields were taken from the center row of each plot on 12 Sep. Analysis of variance was done on individual sample dates (randomized complete block design). To obtain seasonal means the data were analyzed as a factorial experiment with dates, treatments and blocks as factors with the plant as subsamples. The CPB weekly damage ratings were evaluated through a non parametric analysis of variance test (Kruskal-Wallis). A Mann-Whitney U test was made for all treatments comparing them to the Temik 3 lb (AI)/acre standard.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1984
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The foliar and systemic experiments were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine on land that was in clover in 1983. The planting dates were 22 May, 1984 for the systemic experiment and 23 May, for the foliar experiment. In each experiment the 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.4-m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy Katahdin seed pieces ca. 75 g each were planted with a tractor pulled assisted feed planter. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 8 foliar applications of Diathane M-45 (1681 g/ha weeks of 9 and 16 Jul, 2242 g/ha weeks of 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13, 20 and 27 Aug). Soil applications of insecticides were made with a modified Gandy applicator just prior to planting or as a sidedressing after emergence. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using DMRT and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 15.52, 13.74 and 7.26 cm. The average temp for each of the same 3 months was 15.6, 20.0 and 19.7°C.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1984
Authors: Hurley Voss Robert , Hollingsworth Craig , Ferro David N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 5 May in Sunderland, MA. However, during the first week of Jun ca. 9 inches of rain fell in a 2-day period, destroying the crop. Superior’ potatoes were replanted on 28 Jun. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.6. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows, 3 ft apart. A fallow area of 6 ft separated each plot. Treatments were applied with a 3-gal stainless steel CO2-pressurized sprayer at 40-psi with a delivery rate of 60 gal per acre. Applications were made on 31 Jul, 7, 14 and 20 Aug. Furadan 15G 3.0 and Temilc 15G 2.0 were applied at ground break on 19 Jul. Defoliation was evaluated 16 Aug, rating plots from 1 (0-15% defoliation) to 5 (85-100%).
Foliar Sprays to Control Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) on Tomato, 1984
Authors: Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Roma’ tomato seedlings were transplanted to the field on 6 Jim in Sunderland, MA. Heavy rains, ca. 9 inches in 2 days, reduced the CPB population to low levels and by the time the population recovered the tomato plants had become tolerant to CPB and were no longer an acceptable host. ‘Marglobe’ seedlings were transplanted to the field 11 Sep. The soil type was a sandy loam. Fertilizer (1100 lb 10 N: 10P: lOK/acre) was broadcast and incorporated prior to planting. Treatment plots were 1 row with 15 plants per row and 2 ft between plants. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied on 13 Sep with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and 60 gal/acre. The mean number of adult CPB in the pre-spray count per 15 plants was 31.5 (s.d. = 7.8). The number of live adults on 15 plants and dead adults with a 12 inch radius of the base of the plant were recorded for each plot on 14 Sep.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were planted no-till in 25-ft rows on 17 May ’84 with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered rye. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 5, 12, 19 and 26 Jun. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 20 Aug from a 10-ft section of row.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Pydrin in Conventional Till and No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were planted both no-till and conventional till in 25-ft rows on 17 May ’84 with a 2-row Holland transplanter. The planter was equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe for no-till treatments. Plots consisted of 3 rows with the center row being the record row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. No-till transplanting was made in overwintered rye. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 5, 12, 19, 26 Jun and 3 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 20 Aug.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1983
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 23 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 28 Sep, 6, 14, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 10, 17, 23 Nov, 2 and 9 Dec with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 80-140 gal/acre (gal increased as the plants grew). On 17 and 18 Nov, the no. of large leafmines (ca. 0.5 inch or longer) were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of the 4th fully expanded leaf from the tops of 10 branches per plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae or true bugs were totaled over harvests taken on 29 Nov and 14 Dec.
Tomato Fruitworm Control, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Castle X1606’ tomatoes were planted 2 Jim near Benson, NC. Plots consisted of single rows, 10 ft long on 42-inch centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Black plastic was used as a mulch in all pots. Terraclor 75W was applied in all plots for disease control. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a hollow-cone nozzle delivering 50 gal/ acre at 60 psi. Treatments were applied 5, 12 and 19 Aug. Fruit was harvested and evaluated for tomato fruitworm damage 26 Aug.
Apple, Dilute Test of Acaricides, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single trees in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of Delicious, both spur types. Experimental sprays were applied to run-off with a handgun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump. Spray dates were as follows: 2 May (DPX-Y5893 treatments only), 8, 19 Jun (all treatments except DPX-Y5893), 3 Jul (DPX-Y5893 treatments only), 25 Jul (all treatments except DPX-Y5893), 14 Aug (all treatments except DPX-Y5893 and Plictran plus NC-21314). General sprays of fungicides (Cyprex, Benlate, Polyram, Captan, Zineb, Bravo, Rubigan, Manzate, Bayleton, Dithane), insecticides (Lorsban, Phosphamidon, Guthion, Sevin, Pydrin, Systox), and calcium chloride were made at ca. 1 to 2-week intervals throughout the experiment with a Friend Airmaster at 50 gpa. Average temperatures were: May 58.5° F, Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, and Aug 72.6° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.51, Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, and Aug 7.33. Effectiveness of materials on mites was evaluated by making several counts on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves per treatment. Mite population pressure was severe throughout the summer. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were: 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe). The ratings are in numerical order and are as follows: 35, 37, 41, 35, 37, 38, 47, 37, 38, 41, 37 and 35.