bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adding Whole Dried Egg Powder in the Diet on Broiler Live Growth Performance
Authors: Aldhanki Ziyad T. M. , Atiyah Intisar H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out in order to make use of the nutritious eggs components by drying the eggs and introducing them in broiler diets to improve the productive performance. The eggs used in this experiment are eggs that aren’t desired by the consumer due to poor storage in inappropriate conditions in stores or shops, as well as eggs suspected of being infected with some pathogens. The eggs were collected from commercial stores and dried according to Al-Harthi (2011) modified method by using an electric oven at 170 Cº in multiple stages. Two hundred twenty four unsexed one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were bred in batteries for 6 weeks. The broilers were randomly distributed at four treatments (0, 40, 60 and 100) grams of dried eggs / Kg feed at four replications. The characteristics of productive performance, including body weight, feed consumption, weight gain, food conversion factor, mortality rate, relative growth rate as well as the productive efficiency factorwere taken for the periods 0-21, 22-42 and 0-42 days. The results showed that adding 100 grams of dried eggs/Kg feed treatment achieved a significant increase in body weight during the weeks of the experiment. Conclusion was made that adding 100 grams of dried eggs/ Kg feed to diets achieve an improvement in productive performance of broilers for 42 days.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Aqueous Extract of Lemongrass Leaves on Reproductive Characteristics, Testis Weight and Testicular Tissues of Male Broiler Mothers ROSS308
Authors: Ali Emad Abdulgabbar , Abdel-Zalmi Sabreen Salam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in the field of domestic birds / Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University for a period of 6 weeks from 1/11/2021 - 15/12/2021, preceded by two weeks to train roosters to collect semen, to study the effect of adding the aqueous extract to lemongrass leaves in different levels on the reproductive characteristics of males of meat broiler mothers (Ros 308) at the age (50) weeks and by 16 roosters, the roosters were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replications, each replicate included only one rooster. The treatments were as follows: The first treatment was the control group without adding, the second treatment was adding 200 ml of aqueous extract of lemongrass leaves/litre of water, the third treatment was adding 300 ml of aqueous extract of lemongrass leaves/litre of water, the fourth treatment was adding 400 ml of aqueous extract For lemongrass leaves/litre of water. The following results were: a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in the second and third treatments with concentrations of 200 and 300 ml in ejaculation volume, percentage of salt-resistant sperm, percentage of individual motility of the sperm and percentage of live sperms compared to the first and fourth treatments, and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the percentage of death sperms in the second, third and fourth treatment over the first treatment (control), while a ratio of mass motility, sperm concentration per ejaculate, and testis weight, the third treatment (P < 0.01) was superior to the rest of the treatments. the histological cutting of the testicle, it was noted an improvement in the sperm biosynthesis process and an increase in the number of sperms for the third and second treatments compared to the first (control) and the fourth treatments.
Effect of Adding Grape Pomace and Resveratrol on Some Physiological Traits and Gene Expression to Prevent Hemorrhagic Fatty Liver Syndrome in Laying Hens
Authors: Attallah Omar Khaled , Mohammed Thafer Thabit , Al-Anbari Nasr Nuri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed to show the effect of adding different levels of grape pomace (GP) and resveratrol (RSV) to the diet of laying hens on production performance and antioxidant capacity. Seventy two laying hens (Lohmann Brown) were used to study cumulative production performance and antioxidant activites. The experimental diets were; the first treatment T1 (control), T2 (1% GP), T3 (0.5% GP), T4 (400 mg/kg RSV), T5 contained on high-energy, low-protein diet (HELP) without any additives. T6, (HELP + 1% GP), T7, (HELP + 0.5% GP) and T8 (HELP + 400 mg/kg RSV). The results showed that There were no significant differences in the type of diet in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol and HDL, while a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in cholesterol concentration was observed in favor of the addition treatments (grape pomace 1%), (grape pomace 0.5%) and (resveratrol). 400 mg/kg feed) compared to the treatment (without addition), the results of the study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the gene expression of the SOD gene in the addition and interference treatments in all experiment treatments compared to the control treatment. The results of the study also indicated a high Significant (P≤0.05) in IL-6 gene expression in favor of T8 treatment compared to the control treatment. In conclusion, differences in grape pomace and resveratrol levels demonstrate the unique ability of natural antioxidants to improve physiological traits and gene expression for the prevention of hemorrhagic fatty liver syndrome in laying hens.
Effects of Harmful Gases Emitted from Poultry Houses on Productive and Health Performance
Authors: Mohammad Al-Kerwi Mahdi Saleh , Mardenli Omar , Mahdi Jasim Mohammed Rasoul , Al-Majeed Moustafa Abed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Air pollution in the environment in which poultry is raised is one of the most serious problems facing the poultry sector across various aspects of production. Perhaps the most dangerous gas emitted from poultry houses is ammonia. The high concentrations of this gas in the air above the permissible limits (15 ppm) will have disastrous consequences. Ammonia directly affects the health and safety of birds, as it is a cause of ammonia blindness in birds accompanied by many respiratory diseases that destroy production and increase breeding costs. In addition, high concentrations of ammonia (above 20 ppm) contribute to enhancing the infection of birds with Newcastle and the bronchitis virus. In general, the greenhouse gases emitted from poultry houses included four main gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and hydrogen sulphide). Studies regarding their direct effects on the health and productivity of birds have been insufficient. In the direct form, as the concentrations of greenhouse gases rise to very high limits, they cause suffocation and death., the behaviour of the greenhouse gases in the indirect effect is reflected being a source of nutritional stress and a group of diseases and parasites which lead to a decrease in productivity levels. The intensity and concentrations of gas emissions are directly related to many factors such as geographic location, the season of the year, ventilation technologies, humidity, litter quality, nutritional status and stocking density. The advances in ventilation technologies have played a key role in expelling all harmful gases, especially those that depend on negative pressure. However, greenhouse gases remain a real threat to the poultry industry in particular and to the planet’s environment in general.
Location of Chickens Within Rearing Floors of Laying Hens Closed Halls and Its Effect of Productive, Physiological and Qualitative Eggs Characteristics
Authors: Taha Ahmed T. , Hasan Aljumaily Tareq Khalaf , Mahdi Afaf Radi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in (Samarra Poultry Commercial Project), located in Samarra, 130 km north Baghdad, in a closed hall of Turkish origin, containing 53,000 Lumen Brown laying hens, 34 weeks of age, raised in cages, each of which accommodates 10 birds and distributed into five lines, each is mixed with five floors. Very symmetrical, including ten. In order to know the effect of the location of chickens within floors. Breeding in closed halls lines on productive performance, quality traits of eggs and some traits blood physiology: The results showed the following. Significantly decreased egg production in birds bred within the first (ground) floor, and this was accompanied by a significant decrease in egg production. Deterioration in the efficiency of feed conversion.. The location of the chickens within the breeding floors had no significant effect on most of the qualitative characteristics of eggs. The chickens raised on the third floor showed the best parameters of red blood cells, with a stabilization of the case. There were no significant differences in the numbers of white blood cells.
Effect of Rosemary and Licorice on Some Physiological Traits of Local Goats
Authors: Al-Shibawi Jinan A.A. , Al-Yaseri Ahmed J. , Al-Dhalimi Hussian M.K. , Al-Gharawi Jassim K.M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the animal field of the first agricultural research station of the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, it is located in the Umm al-Akf region, 12 km southwest of Samawah, from 20/10/2021 to 20/1/2022. A total 12 male goats were used at the age of four months, were numbered and randomly assigned to four treatments, each treatment contains 3 animals, the animals were placed in adjacent and separated enclosures. Treatments as follows: T1 (control), T2 adding 5 g/kg of crushed rosemary leaves and T3 adding 5 g/kg of licorice root powder, T4 (the mixture treatment), adding 5 g/kg of crushed rosemary leaves and 5 g/kg of licorice root powder. no significant differences in all blood cellular traits (WBC, RBC, Hb and PCV). A significant increase in the concentration of cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, protein, albumin and globulin, uric acid, ALP, ALT, phosphorous and calcium in T4 treatment over to the others.
Detection of Fungi Contaminated some Nuts and Its Ability for Aflatoxin B1 Production
Authors: Al-Warshan Salim H.S. , Abed Mohammed Majid , Mohammed Mustafa M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in February and March 2021 to collect data on the incidence of aflatoxinB1 (AFB1) and the ability of fungi isolated from nuts (almond, pistachio, hazelnut, cashew, imported and local peanut) to produce AFB1 in Ramadi city, Iraq. The mycological investigation revealed the isolation of fourteen fungal species from eight genera, Aspergillus flavus was the most common and widely distributed fungus. TLC analysis was used to assess Aspergillus flavus’ ability to produce aflatoxinB1. The majority of A.flavus isolates In the culture media(YES) were toxigenic and capable of producing aflatoxinB1. The ability to produce aflatoxin B1 ranged from 30 - 40, 25 – 60, 15 – 50, 20 – 20, 40 – 70, 65 – 150 ppb in almond, pistachio, hazelnut, cashew, imported and local peanut respectively. The ELISA approach was used to estimate the natural occurrence of AflatoxinB1 in nuts samples. Contaminated samples with aflatoxinB1 were 40,20, 40, 40, 80 and 80 % of tested samples for almond, pistachio, hazelnut, cashew, imported and local peanut, Concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were ranged between 9 – 16, 17 – 45, 20 – 26, 10 – 12, 180 – 190, 150 – 225 ppb respectively. The results show that most samples have a high contamination of AlatoxinB1 that is higher than health standards for consumption (20ppb). Mycotoxigenic A. flavus isolates are high contaminants for food and should be removed to reduce the risk of nut toxin contamination.
Study of Reducing Chemical Fertilizers and Enhancing by Organic and Biological Fertilizers for Cowpea Crop
Authors: Jabbar Mundher Kh. , Ali Sbti Al Murtada 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, during the spring season of 2021, to study the effect of biological and organic fertilization technology on the production of seed yield for two varieties of cowpea. A factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications was used, first factor was included varieties of cowpea (Farmer’s Bayader - Hitech Seed), the Second factor was included: S0: only chemical fertilizer, S1: organic fertilizer + half chemical fertilizer, S2: organic fertilizer + all chemical fertilizer, S3: bio-fertilizer + half chemical fertilizer, S4: bio-fertilizer + all chemical fertilizer, S5: bio-fertilizer + organic fertilizer + half chemical fertilizer, S6: bio-fertilizer + organic fertilizer + all chemical fertilizer. The V1 cultivar excelled in all characteristics except number days to flowering and seed 300 weight, The S3 was excelled in all characteristics, A linear relationship was found in treatment (V1 × S3) in all characteristics of the study.
Control of Barley Weeds and its Reflection on the Growth Parameters
Authors: Jassim Nesoor Adil , Safi Suhad Mathkoor A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of specific weed herbicides in controlling the weeds grown with cultivars of barley and their effect on some growth traits. The study was implemented using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement by three replicates. The results showed the superiority of a herbicides combination (U 46 - Combifluid 1 L.ha-1) + (Axial 1.5 L.ha-1) (h1) by giving the best results as it reduced the weed dry weight to 0.00 g.m-2with a 100% inhibition ratio. Furthermore, it gave the best results within growth parameters as it increased the flag leaf area and the growth rate of the crop, which reached 40.94 cm-2and 59.14 g.m-2day-1, respectively. In the same role, the results also showed the superiority of the cultivar IPA 265 (V3) by giving the best results for plant height, flag leaf area, and crop growth rate, which were 92.62 cm, 45.44 cm-2,and 61.02 g.m-2day-1, respectively. The interaction was also significant, as the treatment with H1herbicide and the treatment of hand weeding behaved similarly for almost all traits and with all cultivars by giving the best results for the interaction.
Yield Performance of Wheat Under Different Practices of Tillage and Integrated Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Ramadhan M N 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTillage management and fertilizer application are important components of wheat plant growth and productivity. Yet limited data are available on the consequences of simultaneous tillage and integrated fertilization on wheat production and soil chemical characteristics in the heavy soil of Sothern parts of Iraq. Hence, split-split plots were used to conduct a field experiments at two locations. The primary plots were divided into three tillage techniques that are no tillage (NT), tine cultivator (TC) and moldboard plow (MP). Five selected combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient sources were arranged in sub plots including the traditional chemical fertilizer application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (CF), farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), 50% CF+FYM and 50% CF+PM application, in addition to control treatment, and three wheat cultivars (Al-Rasheed, IPA-99 and Abu Ghraib-3) were allocated to sub-sub plots. The results showed positive superiority of MP and TC in the growth parameters, yield components, wheat yield and some soil properties at both experimental locations. Likewise, the MP and TC had the lowest bulk density, while MP had the lowest electrical conductivity and the highest soil pH. The results also revealed that organic and inorganic amendments affected plant growth, yield components, grain yield significantly. The 50% CF+PM and 50% CF+FYM gave significantly higher thousand grain weight, spikes number at the 2nd location, wheat yield, and tillers per square meter at the 2nd location. Furthermore, soil bulk density, pH and electrical conductivity were significantly affected by all organic and inorganic treatments. The results also indicated that the highest spikes number, grain yield, chlorophyll content SPAD were recorded by IPA-99 cultivar at both locations. Moreover, under experiment conditions, the flag leaf chlorophyll content was significantly related to grain yield.
The Response of Bitter Orange Citrus Aurantium Trees to the Infestation of Oriental Yellow Scale Aonidiella Orientalis in Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Qasim , Aljuboory Ahmed B. , Alsabte Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the differences between uninfested and infested bitter orange Citrus aurantium leaves with oriental yellow scale Aonidiella orientalis in Iraq. From this experiment, it is reasonable to determine that releases of volatile organic compounds from both uninfested and infested bitter orange C. aurantium as a response to the infestation of the oriental yellow scale A. orientalis. Some volatile organic compounds were found in uninfested leaves, while GC-MS did not detect others. Infested leaves by oriental yellow scale insects emitted significantly D-Limonene and β- Ocimene more than uninfested leaves of bitter orange. In contrast, the uninfested leaves emitted the compound Alloaromadendrene more than infested bitter orange. The changing of chemical profile in the bitter orange leaves can explain the response of citrus trees to the infestation of oriental yellow scale A. orientalis as a way of pest control by repellence insect pests or attractive the beneficial insects.
Combining Ability Determination of Chemical Structures and Grain Yield of Grains (Triticum Aestivum. L)
Authors: Ahmed Al-Timimi Omar A. , Aziz Aljubory Jassem M. , Al Zubaidi Mohammad S.K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The crosses were carried out according to the half-reciprocal cross-hybrid system proposed by of ten genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestvum.L) in the agricultural season (2018-2019) in the fields of a farmer in Baladrooz district - Diyala governorate. Crosses were carried out between them to obtain the seeds of the first generation of 45 hybrids according to the second Krvenk method, the second model. Parents and first-generation crosses were planted in the second season on (25) November 2020 using the RCBD and with three replications. Estimated (grain yield, protein, total and dry gluten, ash). The results of the analysis of variance for the studied traits of the mean squares of the genotypes of fathers and individual crosses and fathers against crosses were significant at the 1% probability level for all traits except for fathers against crosses. The performance of the genotypes in the studied traits in the trait of grain yield in the father (4) was superior and gave the highest rate of (72.08) gm plant ¯1, and the hybrid (1×10) was significantly superior to the rest of the crosses with an average of (80.39) gm plant ¯1. In the percentage of protein, it was superior to the Parent (1) and gave the highest percentage of protein (15.28%). The hybrid (2×3) was significantly superior with the highest percentage of protein (15.78)%. And for the trait of total gluten is superior to the Parent (6), the percentage of gluten in it is (74.0)%. The hybrid (8×6) was superior with the highest value of the gluten percentage which reached (88.67)%. In the trait of dry gluten, Parent (6) had the highest percentage of dry gluten, which was superior with a percentage of total gluten that amounted to (32.10%), while in crosses, the hybrid (1×2) had the highest percentage of dry gluten (22.80). The highest ash value reached (2.32), while in the hybrids (4×8) the hybrid surpassed with the highest ash value (2.66).The estimates of the general combing ability for each were positive in grain yield and significantly in the Parent (1, 3, 4, 9, 10). As for the estimates of the special effects of each individual hybrid for the studied traits, they were positively affected in the grain yield and in the desired direction in the direction of sixteen hybrids, the most important of which are (1×8), (1×10), (2×3), (2×4) and (2×). 6) In the proportion of protein, it was a significant positive desirable at the probability level of 1% in the hybrids, including (1×10) and (2×3).
Effect of Food Treated with Silica Gel on Three Types of Storehouse Insects
Authors: Qader F.A. , Ameen H.N.H. , Mohammed B.M.H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Silica gel was tested as a protective material for the seeds of cowpea, wheat and groats and mixed with five concentrations (1-5%) against the three insect species of stock and this affected their killing, the development of their first generation and the rate of loss in food weight after a month of treatment. The results showed that silica gel A generation that caused a killing rate of 100% for the southern cowpea beetle after 144 hours of treatment and for all the concentrations used, and a killing rate of 100% for the capillary beetle at a concentration of 5% and after 192 hours of treatment from the treatment at a concentration of 5%, while the killing rate reached 10% in the rusty flour beetle after 192 hour at a concentration of 5%. According to what was mentioned above, this study came for the purpose of identifying the effect of silica gel on three types of storage insects, which are the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculates, Trogoderma granarium and the rust flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.
Effect of Applying Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Essential Oil of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
Authors: Alhasan Ali Sabah , Khadim Ahmed A. , Al-Ameri Dalal Tareq , Saleh Osama S. , Jabber Al-Alwash Firas Hadi , Kadkim Hawraa Rahim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High nitrogen input is important to guarantee higher production and essential oil yield. Ecologically, it is necessary to determine whether reduced nitrogen levels have an impact on the medicinal herbs’ productions. In the recent research, the influences of reduced nitrogen supply on the agronomic traits and essential oil productivity of chamomile have been evaluated. The experiment pots were set, and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer Urea (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg N/ha) have been applied to the soil during the growing season. As a result, Chamomile growth, flower, essential oil content and yield were significantly increased when urea was applied as 75 kg N/ha. As a result, this research illustrates that reducing nitrogen supply might be a promising environmentally friendly way and an alternate strategy for improving the essential oil of chamomile and perhaps other medicinal plants, while also helping the environment.
Pollen Micromorphological Study of Ten Genera of Brassicaceae in West Iraq Desert
Authors: Othman O M , Hamad R M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This research included a micromorphological study of pollen grains of 11 taxa belonging to 10 plant genera of the Cruciferae family (Brassicaceae) distributed in Western Desert District of Iraq. The pollen grains of all species were monads, homopolar, regular, in addition to being tricolpate. They differed in shape, ranging from prolate, subprolate and Subprolate-subspheroidal. The polar dimension also differed greatly among species, which ranged between 25.2 μm. as an average in Morettia philaeana to 37.3 μm. as an average in Zilla spinosa. Thus, the equatorial dimension ranged between 21.4-30.1 μm. in the two species Leptaleum filifolium and Rapistrum rugosum respectively. As for the remaining species, they are graded between them. The difference in the length of the colpus resulted in important taxonomic characteristics in isolating species, if its length ranged between isolating 13.8 -30.3 μm. The Apocolpium also contributed through the variance that ranged between 3.9-8.6 μm., as well as the mesocolpium, which also varied between species, the shortest was 7.2 μm. in Morettia philaeana and the longest 18.3 μm. in Myagrum perfoliatum as indicated in the measurement tables. The two species, Eruca vesicaria and Strigosella africana are distinguished by their thin pollen walls (1.3 μm.), while Morettia philaeana had a thick wall (2.7 μm.), and then the reamining species came between them. This study identified two types of Ornamentation, namely, Microreticulate in 7 species and Macroreticulale in 4 species.