bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward calibration-free Mach–Zehnder switches for next-generation silicon photonics
Authors: Song Lijia , Chen Tangnan , Liu Weixi , Liu Hongxuan , Peng Yingying , Yu Zejie , Li Huan , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: January 2022

Silicon photonic Mach–Zehnder switches (MZSs) have been extensively investigated as a promising candidate for optical systems. However, conventional

2
×
2

MZSs are usually prone to the size variations of the arm waveguides due to imperfect fabrication, resulting in considerable random phase imbalance between the two arms, thereby imposing significant challenges for further developing next-generation

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×
N

MZSs. Here we propose a novel design toward calibration-free

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×
2

and

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×
N

MZSs, employing optimally widened arm waveguides, enabled by novel compact tapered Euler S-bends with incorporated mode filters. With standard 180 nm CMOS foundry processes, more than thirty

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2

MZSs and one

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4

Benes MZS with the new design are fabricated and characterized. Compared with their conventional counterparts with 0.45-μm-wide arm waveguides, the present

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2

MZSs exhibit significant reduction in the random phase imbalance. The measured extinction ratios of the present

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2

and

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×
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MZSs operating in the all-cross state are 27-49 dB and

∼
20

dB

across the wavelength range of

∼
60

nm

, respectively, even without any calibrations. This work paves the way toward calibration-free large-scale

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×
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MZSs for next-generation silicon photonics.
Strongy Detect: Preliminary Validation of a Prototype Recombinant Ss-NIE/Ss-IR Based ELISA to Detect Strongyloides stercoralis Infection
Authors: Sears William J. , Nutman Thomas B. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) is the etiological agent of strongyloidiasis, a neglected tropical disease of global concern. Laboratory diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is most often based on detection of antibodies against antigens in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Herein, we report a preliminary validation study of newly developed IgG4- and/or IgG- based ELISAs to detect strongyloidiasis (Strongy Detect, InBios) incorporating a cocktail of 2 previously described recombinant antigens, Ss-NIE and Ss-IR.

Methods
The sensitivity and specificity were determined by using the assay in 150 cryopreserved serum samples from humans known to be Ss infected (n = 74), helminth uninfected (n = 47), or infected with a helminth other than Ss [n = 29). The treatment associated dynamics of antibody detection were then assessed using 35 paired samples obtained before and after definitive therapy.

Results
The IgG and IgG4 assays were 99% and 96% sensitive, respectively, and 99% and 100% specific, respectively. Neither the IgG or IgG4 assay showed cross reactions with sera from those infected with other helminths. Although ELISA values did decline post-treatment few returned to levels below the cutoff for infection.

Conclusion
Strongy Detect is the most sensitive and specific commercialized immunoassay for detection of strongyloidiasis. The assay remains positive for greater than a year post-treatment.
Implementation of mHealth applications in community-based health care: Insights from Ward-Based Outreach Teams in South Africa
Authors: Tshikomana Ronewa Suzan , Ramukumba Mokholelana Margaret 
Published: January 2022

Background
Ward-Based Outreach Teams’ (WBOTs) use of mobile technologies can promote better quality and improved health services for populations in low- and middle-income countries. However, the implementation of such systems is fraught with threats to sustainability.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of users’ views and experiences of the implementation of mHealth in a selected sub-district in North West Province, South Africa.

Methods
The study was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. Data were collected from community health workers (CHWs) (n = 24) and outreach team leaders (OTLs) (n = 4) who used mobile devices loaded with the Mobenzi application through semi-structured focus group interviews, using an interview guide. Creswell’s stages of thematic analysis were used for data analysis, and codes, categories and themes were validated with the participants.

Results
Three themes emerged from the findings, namely the transition from a paper-based system to an electronic system; the use of the application; and reverting to paper-based documentation. The findings revealed that WBOTs considered the mHealth application as useful, easy to use, and supportive to their workflow. They experienced some technical challenges and lamented the inaccessibility of technicians. The mobile initiative’s termination caused distress among the participants, especially CHWs who had to revert to paper-based documentation to capture community health data. OTLs were concerned about the quality of health data being captured in the absence of the application.

Conclusions
The study concluded that community-based health care programmes that use WBOTs and mHealth technologies are essential in strengthening the health care system. WBOTs are facilitators for improving access to health care. Policy-makers and district managers will gain useful insights if they engage application users in discussions regarding future mobile health interventions for household and community-based care.
The association of Schistosoma and geohelminth infections with β-cell function and insulin resistance among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania
Authors: PrayGod George , Filteau Suzanne , Range Nyagosya , Ramaiya Kaushik , Jeremiah Kidola , Rehman Andrea M. , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Friis Henrik , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Data on the role of helminths on diabetes in Africa are limited. We investigated whether Schistosoma and geohelminth infections are associated with β-cell function and insulin resistance among adults.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults during 2016–2017. Demography, Schistosoma and geohelminth infections, HIV and insulin data were collected. Insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (fasting, 30, and 120-min), overall insulin secretion index, insulinogenic index, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR were main outcome measures for β-cell function and insulin resistance, respectively. Generalized estimating equations and generalized linear models assessed the association of Schistosoma and geohelminth infections with outcome measures separately by HIV status. Outcomes were presented as marginal means with 95% CI.

Results
Data were obtained for 1718 participants. Schistosoma infection was associated with higher 30-min insulin (24.2 mU/L, 95% CI: 6.9, 41.6) and overall insulin secretion index (13.3 pmol/L/mmol/L; 3.7, 22.9) among HIV-uninfected participants but with lower fasting insulin (-0.9 mU/L; -1.6, -0.2), 120-min insulin (-12.0 mU/L; -18.9, -5.1), and HOMA-IR (-0.3 mmol/L; -0.6, -0.05) among HIV-infected participants not yet on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-infected participants not on ART, geohelminth infection was associated with lower fasting insulin (-0.9 mU/L; -1.6, -0.2), 120-min insulin (-9.1 mU/L; -17.3, -1.0), HOMA-β (-8.9 mU/L)/(mmol/L; -15.3, -2.6) and overall insulin release index (-5.1 pmol/L/mmol/L; -10.3, 0.02), although this was marginally significant. There was no association among those on ART.

Conclusions
Schistosoma infection was associated with higher β-cell function among HIV-uninfected participants whereas Schistosoma and geohelminth infections were associated with reduced β-cell function among HIV-infected participants not on ART.
Understanding influences on physical activity participation by older adults: A qualitative study of community-dwelling older adults from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, UK
Authors: Zhang Jean , Bloom Ilse , Dennison Elaine M. , Ward Kate A. , Robinson Sian M. , Barker Mary , Cooper Cyrus , Lawrence Wendy 
Published: January 2022

Background
The health benefits of physical activity (PA) participation in later life are widely recognised. Understanding factors that can influence the participation of community-dwelling older adults in PA is crucial in an ageing society. This will be paramount in aiding the design of future interventions to effectively promote PA in this population. The main aim of this qualitative study was to explore influences on PA among community-dwelling older people, and the secondary aim was to explore gender differences.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected in 2014 by conducting focus group discussions using a semi-structured discussion guide with older people resident in Hertfordshire, UK. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically.

Results
Ninety-two participants were recruited to the study (47% women; 74–83 years) and a total of 11 focus groups were conducted. Findings indicated six themes that appeared to affect older adults’ participation in PA: past life experiences; significant life events; getting older; PA environment; psychological/personal factors; and social capital. Overall, the findings emphasised the role of modifiable factors, namely psychological factors (such as self-efficacy, motivation, outcome expectancy) and social factors (such as social support and social engagement). These factors exerted their own influence on physical activity participation, but also appeared to mediate the effect of other largely non-modifiable background and ageing-related factors on participants’ engagement with PA in later life.

Conclusion
In view of these findings, intervention designers could usefully work with behavioural scientists for insight as to how to enhance psychological and social factors in older adults. Our data suggest that interventions that aim to build self-efficacy, motivation and social networks have the potential to indirectly promote PA participation in older adults. This would be best achieved by developing physical activity interventions through working with participants in an empowering and engaging way.
Alteration of ankle proprioceptive threshold during gait in the presence of acute experimental pain
Authors: Bertrand-Charette Michaël , Le Quang Miorie , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Bouyer Laurent J. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Human gait requires complex somatosensory processing of various inputs such as proprioception. Proprioception can be altered in the presence of pain. This has been shown mostly during controlled tasks, thereby limiting the influence of external perturbations. While controlling the environment is sometimes warranted, it limits the ecological validity of the data. Using robotic orthoses to apply perturbations during movements seems a promising tool to functionally assess proprioception, where the complex somatosensory processing required in real-life situations is at play. The main objective of this study was to compare the proprioceptive threshold of healthy participants during gait in the presence and absence of an acute experimental pain.

Methods
36 healthy participants walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle–foot orthosis (rAFO) around their right ankle. The rAFO applied torque perturbations of graded magnitudes during the swing phase of gait. Participants had to report the presence/absence of such perturbations, as a measure of proprioceptive threshold. Following initial assessment, they were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: Control (no stimulation), Painless (non-nociceptive stimulation) and Painful (nociceptive stimulation). Electrodes placed on the right lateral malleolus delivered an electrical stimulation during the second assessment for Painless and Painful groups. A Kruskal-Wallis was used to compare the percentage of change of the three groups between the two assessments.

Results
A 31.80±32.94% increase in proprioceptive threshold, representing an increase of 1.3±1.2 Nm in the detection threshold, was observed for the Painful group only (p<0.005), with an effect size of 1.6.

Conclusion
Findings show that the presence of pain at the ankle can alter participants’ proprioceptive threshold during gait. Clinical assessment of proprioception should therefore carefully consider the presence of pain when evaluating a patient’s performance using clinical proprioceptive test and consider the negative effect of pain on proprioceptive threshold for test interpretation.
Corporate or commercial? Considering modes of ceramic roof tile production in Chichester in the medieval and beyond
Authors: Nicholls Hayley , Regensberg Rae 
Published: January 2022

Medieval tileries, their mode of production and development are still very poorly understood. This research update combines historic and recent excavation data, along with documentary evidence to suggest that there may have been a rare example of a commercial tilery, operating independently of the church or crown in the Chichester region (UK), as early as the thirteenth century.
This kiln site produced utilitarian roof tile, potentially for distribution across the region, including to sites of low status. The industry appears to have moved out of the city of Chichester to the hinterland in the late medieval period.
“The old boys’ network”: Medical space, gendered memory, and prejudices in Sidney Sheldon’sNothing Last Forever
Authors: Karmakar Manali , G. Bhuvaneswari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSidney Sheldon’s Nothing Last Foreverunfolds a mosaic of experiences encountered by medical professionals that normatively remains unheard in the cycle of diagnosing, treating, and caring for patients. The novel brings to light the human within the doctor that is consciously kept at bay to cope with professional demands. With the rise of narrative medicine, scholars such as Rita Charon have emphasized the importance of narratology to understand patients’ crises. However, narrative medicine has largely ignored the phenomenological crises and anxieties of medical professionals. Thus, the paper investigates how on the one hand the female agencies problematize the medical space, and on the other, how the agency embodied by the female doctor is constantly threatened and demeaned by the male gaze that primarily categorizes women as sexual objects and caregivers. This paper primarily inquires how the politics ofgendered memoryis dramatized and contested in Sidney Sheldon’s medical crime thrillerNothing Last Forever.
A note on bf
-spaces and on the distribution of the functor of the Dieudonné completion
Authors: Sanchis Manuel , Valero Óscar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A subset B of a space X is said to be bounded (in X) if the restriction to B of every real-valued continuous function on X is bounded. A real-valued function on X is called bf
-continuous if its restriction to each bounded subset of X has a continuous extension to the whole space X. bf
-spaces are spaces such that bf
-continuous functions are continuous. We take advantage to the exponential map in the realm of bf
-spaces in order to study bf
-extensions of bf
-continuous functions. This allows us to improve several results concerning the distribution of the functor of the Dieudonné completion. We also prove that a relative version of the classical Glicksberg’s theorem characterizing the product of two pseudocompact spaces is valid for kr-
spaces. In the last section we show that bf
-hemibounded groups are Moscow spaces and, consequently, they are strong-PT-groups.
Sosioekonomi, Obesitas, dan Riwayat Diabetes Melitus (DM) dengan Kejadian Hipertensi
Authors: Kholifah Siti Harnung , Budiwanto Setyo , Katmawanti Septa 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sosioekonomi, obesitas, dan riwayat diabetes melitus dengan kejadian hipertensi di Wilayah Puskesmas Janti Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah survei dengan metode korelasional melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan quota sample dengan 96 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis korelasi Chi-square dan Fisher's Exact Test. Hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa 1) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada nilai p-value 0,026, 2) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pekerjaan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada nilai p-value 0,032, 3) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendapatan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada nilai p-value 0,022, 4) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi pada nilai p-value 0,001,5) ada hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat diabetes melitus dengan kejadian hipertensi pada nilai p-value 0,000 di Wilayah Puskesmas Janti Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara sosioekonomi, obesitas, dan riwayat diabetes melitus dengan kejadian hipertensi di Wilayah Puskesmas Janti Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang.
Perilaku Seksual Berisiko di SMAN X Jember
Authors: K.W Nur Amaylia , Arifah Izzatul 
Published: January 2022

Prevalensi perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja meningkat setiap tahunnya. Kondisi ini cukup menghawatirkan karena perilaku seksual dapat menimbulkan kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, aborsi, IMS, dan HIV/AIDS. Prevalensi HIV/AIDS di Jawa Timur menempati posisi kedua tertinggi di Indonesia dan sebagian besar di Kabupaten Jember. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual berisiko di SMAN X Jember. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan crossectional yang dilakukan pada bulan September 2019. Populasi adalah siswa kelas X dan kelas XI SMAN X Jember yang berjumlah 560 siswa dan sampelnya berjumlah 160 responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data paparan program PIK-R, peran orang tua, peran teman sebaya dan variabel terikat perilaku seksual berisiko dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara terstruktur menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya 40,7% responden yang mengikuti penyuluhan atau membaca mading yang dibuat oleh PIK-R, sebanyak 40,7% memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko tinggi dan 2,7% diantaranya mengaku pernah melakukan intercourse. Responden yang terpapar program PIK-R (p= 0,001), memiliki peran orang tua yang tinggi dalam memberi informasi dan pengawasan (p=0,001), serta memiliki teman sebaya yang memberikan informasi, perspektif yang positif, dan mengajak kebaikan (p=0,003) cenderung memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko rendah. Kesimpulannya ada hubungan antara keterpaparan program PIK-R, peran orang tua, dan peran teman sebaya dengan perilaku seksual berisiko. Diperlukan adanya replikasi program PIK-R yang dimodifikasi, sehingga seluruh siswa dapat terpapar layanan PIK-R. Perlu dikembangkannya program dengan sasaran orang tua untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi dan pemberian informasi kepada anak.
Pendidikan Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Bencana Gunung Meletus
Authors: Soekardi Rodiyah , Sukismanto Sukismanto , Dewi Elyis Chindara 
Published: January 2022

Bencana meletusnya Gunung Merapi pada tahun 2010 menelan korban jiwa sebanyak 223 meninggal dunia.Kesiapsigaan sekolah sekolah menjadi strategi yang efektif dalam upaya mengenali tanda bencana sehingga dapat meminimalisasi korban.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kesiapsiagaan sekolah menghadapi bencana gunung meletus. Desain penelitian One group pretest posttest. Sampel berjumlah 41 responden dengan menggunakan teknik purposive samping. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebelum intervensi 65,9% siap menghadapi bencana gunung meletus, setelah diberi intervensi 85.4% siap menghadapi bencana gunung meletus. Kesimpulan secara statistik ada peningkatan kesiapsiagaan menghadapi bencana gunung meletus terhadap kesiapsiagaan siswa SDN Umbulharjo 2 setelah diberi intervensi dengan P-value 0,000 < Î± (0,05).
Sanitasi Penyediaan Air Bersih dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita
Authors: Nisa Septi Khotimatun , Lustiyati Elisabeth Deta , Fitriani Ayu 
Published: January 2022

Abstrak
Latar Belakang. Angka kejadian stunting di Kecamatan Kalasan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 17,01%, nilai tersebut masih jauh dari target penurunan stunting di Kabupaten Sleman yaitu 10%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sanitasi penyediaan air bersih dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Tamanmartani. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki balita, yaitu 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol. Instrumen diadaptasi dari formulir inspeksi sanitasi penyediaan air bersih dari Dinas Kesehatan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antara sanitasi penyediaan air bersih dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,047, OR=2,705) Penutup. Disarankan bagi masyarakat perlu membersihkan area sekitar sumur gali/ledeng dari kotoran hewan ternak dan sampah, menghindari genangan air serta perbaikan retakan sekitar sumur.
Abstract.
Background. Stunting incidence at Kalasan District in 2018 was 17.01%, this value is still far from the target for reducing stunting in Sleman Regency, which is 10%. This study aims to determine the relationship between sanitation of clean water supply and the incidence of stunting in children under five in Tamanmartani Village. Method. This study uses an analytical method with a case-kontrol approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The sample of this study were mothers who had toddlers aged 0-59 months, there were 45 cases and 45 kontrols. The instrument adapted from the clean water supply sanitation inspection form from Yogyakarta Special Region Health Office. Data analysis using Chi-square test. Results. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between sanitation of clean water supply and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.047, OR = 2.705). Closing. It is recommended for the community to clean the area around the dug wells from livestock manure and garbage, avoid puddles of water and repair cracks around the well.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Minuman Mikronutrien Terhadap Status Besi dan Status Vitamin A Anak Usia Dini Malnutrisi Jangka Panjang di Wilayah Miskin Perkotaan
Authors: Zulaekah Siti , Hidayati Listyani , Purwanto Setyo , Kusumawati Yuli 
Published: January 2022

Malnutrisi merupakan penyebab utama hampir separuh anak-anak meninggal di negara sedang berkembang. Bila tidak ditangani dengan serius, diduga akan terjadi peningkatan anak-anak malnutrisi, yang sangat berkaitan dengan defisiensi berbagai mikronutrien, baik vitamin maupun mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jangka panjang malnutrisi terhadap status besi dan status vitamin A anak usia dini setelah mendapat minuman suplemen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 1-3 tahun yang mengalami malnutrisi. Status hemoglobin anak dianalisis dengan metode cyanmethemoglobin, untuk status Fe dilakukan dengan pengukuran serum ferritin metode ELISA dan mengukur status vitamin A dilakukan dengan metode penentuan serum retinol dengan cara HPLC.Intervensi minuman suplemen diberikan untuk satu kali pemberian pada pagi hari diberikan selama 6 hari dalam 1 minggu selama 12 minggu intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi minuman suplemen dapat menurunkan angka kejadian anemia pada anak yang malnutrisi sebesar 13,2%. Pemberian minuman suplemen dapat meningkatkan status feritin sebesar 23,7%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa minuman suplemen efektif meningkatkan status feritin anak yang malnutrisi. Meskipun sudah diberikan intervensi minuman suplemen pada anak yang malnutrisi akan tetapi terdapat peningkatan jumlah subjek yang mempunyai kadar retinol yang tidak normal sebesar 9,2 %.