bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward evidence-informed child rearing: Measurement of time-out implementation in a community sample
Authors: McLean Rebecca K , Roach Alex , Tully Lucy , Dadds Mark R 
Published: February 2022

Background Time-out (TO) is a widely used parental discipline strategy with strong research support in programmes that promote positive child development. Concerns have been raised, however, regarding adverse impact on child mental health (CMH) in part driven by evidence of widespread variability in appropriate implementation. There are no existing measures of TO. We present the first measure of procedural implementation of TO in a community sample of parents of children aged 6–8 years. Methods A nationally representative sample ( N = 474) of parents completed a survey on the implementation of TO, parent-child relationships, and emotional and behavioural difficulties. The scale of TO use was used to test the convergent validity between TO implementation and parenting practices/family adjustment and CMH. Results Consistent with international research, >70% of parents have used TO with their children. There was high variability in the levels of appropriate implementation of TO. Scale reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) was acceptable and tests of convergent validity indicated that as expected, less appropriate implementation of TO was associated with worse CMH and poorer parenting and family adjustment. Conclusions The current findings suggest that the scale is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring the appropriate procedural implementation of TO with young children.
Values at stake at the end of life: Analyses of personal preferences among Swedish physicians
Authors: Lynøe Niels , Lindblad Anna , Engström Ingemar , Sandlund Mikael , Juth Niklas 
Published: February 2022

Background Physician-assisted suicide is a controversial issue and has sometimes raised emotion-laden reactions. Against this backdrop, we have analyzed how Swedish physicians are reasoning about physician-assisted suicide if it were to be legalized. Methods and participants We conducted a cross-sectional study and analyzed 819 randomly selected physicians’ responses from general practitioners, geriatricians, internists, oncologists, psychiatrists, surgeons, and all palliativists. Apart from the main questions about their attitude toward physician-assisted suicide, we also asked what would happen with the respondents’ own trust in healthcare if physician-assisted suicide were legalized. Response options were that trust would decrease, not be influenced, or would increase. Results We identified a strong statistical association between on the one hand those whose own trust would increase and who were pro physician-assisted suicide, and on the other hand those who were against physician-assisted suicide and whose own trust would decrease [relative risk: 16.7 (95% confidence interval: 10.2–27.2)]. Among those whose own trust would not be influenced (n = 456), 60% were pro pysician-assisted suicide, 16% were against, and 24% were undecided. Of those whose trust would increase or not be influenced, a large majority supported autonomy-based arguments, whereas those whose trust would decrease supported non-maleficence-based arguments. Conclusion Analyzing the answers after having divided respondents into those whose own trust in healthcare would decrease or increase and not be influenced brings about interesting results such as how the three groups prioritize arguments for and against physician-assisted suicide. This way of analyzing the data seems to be a promising strategy when identifying value-impregnated factual claims.
Intravascular Lithotripsy and Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for Severely Calcified Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease
Authors: Stavroulakis Konstantinos , Bisdas Theodosios , Torsello Giovanni , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Damerau Sarah , Argyriou Angeliki 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The combination of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) and drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for calcified peripheral lesions is associated with promising short-term results. However, data regarding the 12 months performance of this treatment option is missing. This study reports on the outcomes of IVL and DCB angioplasty for calcified femoropopliteal disease. Methods: Patients treated with IVL and DCB for calcified femoropopliteal lesions between February 2017 and September 2020 were included into this study. The primary outcome measure of this analysis was primary patency. Secondary patency, freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) and overall mortality were additionally analyzed. Results: Fifty-five ( n = 55) patients and 71 lesions were analyzed. Most patients presented with long-term limb-threatening ischemia ( n = 31, 56%), 47% ( n = 26) were diabetics, and 66% ( n = 36) had long-term kidney disease. The median lesion length was 77 mm (interquartile range: 45-136), and 20% ( n = 14) of the lesions were chronic total occlusions (CTOs). Eccentric calcification was found in 23% of the vessels ( n = 16), and circumferential calcium (peripheral arterial calcium scoring system [PACSS] Class 3 and 4) was present in 78% ( n = 55) of the treated lesions. The technical success after IVL amounted to 87% ( n = 62) and the procedural success to 97% ( n = 69). A flow-limiting dissection was observed in 2 cases (3%). Both the rates of target lesion perforation and distal embolization were 1% ( n = 1). A bail-out scaffold was deployed in 5 lesions (7%). At 12 months the Kaplan-Meier estimate of primary patency was 81%, the freedom from TLR was 92% and the secondary patency 98%. The overall survival amounted to 89%, while the freedom from major amputation to 98%. The presence of eccentric disease, CTOs, or PACSS Class 4 did not increase the risk for loss of patency or TLR. Conclusions: In this challenging cohort of patients, the use of IVL and DCB for calcified femoropopliteal lesions was associated with promising 12 months outcomes and an excellent safety profile.
The Weekend Effect in Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Kim Young , Lee Sujin , Tanious Adam , Decarlo Charles S. , Png Chien-Yi Maximilian , Patel Shiv S. , Mohapatra Abhisekh , Dua Anahita 
Published: February 2022

Background Recent studies report a limited window in which carotid endarterectomy (CEA) provides the greatest benefit for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Given the time-sensitive nature of CEA for symptomatic stenosis, it is important to understand whether patient outcomes are adversely affected by undergoing CEA over the weekend. Currently, it is unclear whether CEA is impacted by the “weekend effect” phenomenon. Methods A multi-institutional database was queried for all patients undergoing CEA for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis from 2015 to 2020 via ICD-9 codes. A total of 288 patients were identified during the study period. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to compare outcomes based on weekend vs weekday surgery. Results A total of 261 patients (90.6%) underwent weekday CEA, as compared to 27 (9.4%) on the weekend. There were no differences in age, race, gender, or medical comorbidities between groups. Primary surgeon specialty was predominantly vascular surgery (77.0% weekday and 74.1% weekend) followed by neurosurgery (19.9% weekday and 25.9% weekend). Operative time was similar between groups (3.1 (weekday) vs 2.9 hr (weekend), P = .33) as well as estimated blood loss (100 vs 100 mL, P = .54). Hospital length of stay did not differ between groups ( P = .69). Combined stroke and 30-day mortality rate was 2.0% on weekdays, compared to 3.7% on weekends ( P = .75). On multivariate analysis, weekend surgery was not predictive of postoperative stroke or 30-day mortality (odds ratio .11 [95% CI: −1.57 to 1.85], P = .90). Conclusion In our multi-institutional experience, we did not identify a “weekend effect” in patients undergoing CEA for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Surgical revascularization should not be withheld on account of a weekend procedure in similar academic medical centers.
Inhibition of mitochondrial fission alters neo-intimal hyperplasia via PI3K/Akt signaling in arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Wang Feng , Fan Xueqiang , Kong Jie , Wang Cheng , Ma Bo , Sun Weiliang , Ye Zhidong , Liu Peng , Wen Jianyan 
Published: February 2022

Background/Objective Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, there is a high incidence of AVF failures caused by insufficient outward remodeling or venous neo-intimal hyperplasia formation. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in many cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal VSMC proliferation and migration could be abolished by inhibition of mitochondrial division. Method We found that abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs and increased mitochondrial fission were associated with AVF stenosis in patients. We also investigated the mechanisms, particularly the role of mitochondrial dynamics, underlying these VSMC behaviors. In vitro, we observed that inhibition of mitochondrial fission and Akt phosphorylation can diminish proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). In vivo, daily intraperitoneal injections of mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) decreased VSMC proliferation and reduced AVF wall thickness in a rat AVF model. Conclusion and Result Our results suggest that inhibition of mitochondrial fission improves AVF patency by reducing wall thickening through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, inhibition of mitochondrial fission has the clinical potential to improve AVF patency.
A comparative analysis of financial literacy levels and initiatives among students in five European countries
Authors: Cannistrà Marta , Agasisti Tommaso , Amagir Aisa , Poder Kaire , Holz Oliver , Vartiak Lukas , De Witte Kristof 
Published: February 2022

Given the expected advantages for individuals and societies, financial literacy is high on the policy agenda in many countries. This paper reports the results from a unique survey conducted on a sample of 13–16-year-old students in five European countries, aimed at measuring and comparing their level of financial literacy skills. The results indicate significant differences in the level of financial literacy across countries that are interpreted in the light of the differences in the countries’ educational policies and experiences with financial education. The findings suggest that supra-national coordinated action is needed to guarantee better financial knowledge and safeguard economic stability in future crises. JEL-classification: I21; G53; O57; O16.
Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation before gonadotoxic treatments: Principles of safe ovarian stimulation, a systematic review
Authors: Ozcan Meghan CH , Snegovskikh Victoria , Adamson G David 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Review the safety of fertility preservation through ovarian stimulation with oocyte or embryo cryopreservation, including cycle and medication options. Evidence review: A systematic review of peer-reviewed sources revealed 2 applicable randomized control trials and 60 cohort studies as well as 20 additional expert opinions or reviews. Results: The capacity for future family building is important for the majority of reproductive age people, despite life-altering medical or oncologic diagnosis. Modern fertility preservation generates a high rate of oocyte yield while utilizing protocols that can be started at multiple points in the menstrual cycle and suppressing supra-physiologic levels of estrogen. Finally, more than one quarter of fertility preservation patients will return to later utilize fertility services. Conclusion: For most patients, fertility preservation can safely be pursued and completed within 2 weeks without affecting disease severity or long-term survival.
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon injuries in Zone 2 repaired with a modified Mantero technique
Authors: Dargai Farouk , Payet Elodie , Guillot Xavier , Fricault Guillaume , Mouhib Taha 
Published: February 2022

From January 2010 to January 2017, 81 complete flexor digitorum profundus tendon disruptions in Zones 2B and 2C were treated using the modified Mantero technique. The patients were re-examined at a mean of 62 months (range 30–96) after operation. We analysed outcomes against ages, gender, pulley integrity, associated injuries and follow-up times. The median total range of motion of both interphalangeal joints, distal interphalangeal joint alone and Quick DASH scores were significantly better for the group with pulley vented versus no pulley vented. According to the Strickland and Glogovac criteria, 76 (91%) had excellent or good, five fair and none had poor results. There were no complications except for one deep and one superficial infection at the site of the injury. There were no tendon ruptures and only three patients (3.7%) required secondary tenolysis. The modified Mantero repair is recommended as an alternative in the repair of tendon disruptions in Zone 2B and 2C. The good results and absence of ruptures suggest that the tendon healing and strength of repair are adequate for immediate postoperative motion. Level of evidence: IV
Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the potential mechanism of seed germination and young seedling growth in Tamarix hispida
Authors: Pang Xin’an , Suo Jiangtao , Liu Shuo , Xu Jindong , Yang Tian’ge , Xiang Niyan , Wu Yue , Lu Bojie , Qin Rui , Liu Hong , Yao Jialing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Seed germination is a series of ordered physiological and morphogenetic processes and a critical stage in plant life cycle. Tamarix hispida is one of the most salt-tolerant plant species; however, its seed germination has not been analysed using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics.

Results
Transcriptomic sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics were used to detect the transcriptional metabolic profiles of T. hispida at different stages of seed germination and young seedling growth. Transcriptomics showed that 46,538 genes were significantly altered throughout the studied development period. Enrichment study revealed that plant hormones, such as auxin, ABA, JA and SA played differential roles at varying stages of seed germination and post-germination. Metabolomics detected 1022 metabolites, with flavonoids accounting for the highest proportion of differential metabolites. Combined analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis in young seedling growth, such as rhoifolin and quercetin, may improve the plant’s adaptative ability to extreme desert environments.

Conclusions
The differential regulation of plant hormones and the accumulation of flavonoids may be important for the seed germination survival of T. hispida in response to salt or arid deserts. This study enhanced the understanding of the overall mechanism in seed germination and post-germination. The results provide guidance for the ecological value and young seedling growth of T. hispida.
“Antibiotic hardstop” on electronic prescribing: impact on antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and infective exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (IECOPD)
Authors: Galimam Semun , Panozzo Brydon , Muir Kieran , Chavada Ruchir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major public health threat and the exploration of interventions which may reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use are of particular interest. An Antibiotic Hardstop (AH) was included within the eMeds system introduced to the Central Coast Local Health District (CCLHD) in 2018. The function allows prescribers to set a predetermined time at which antibiotic orders would cease. By default, the function set prescribed length to 5 days with a view to encourage prescribers to review existing antimicrobial orders and reduce inappropriate use.

Methods
Records of adult inpatients prescribed broad spectrum antimicrobials with a registered indication of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) or an infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (IECOPD) between the 1st of March 2017 and 31st May 2017 for the pre eMeds cohort and 1st March 2019 and 31st May 2019 for the post eMeds cohort were randomly selected from our local health network’s Guidance MS® system. Baseline demographics, antimicrobial prescribing records and documented adverse events related to the AH function were collated/analysed. The days of therapy (DOT) and length of therapy (LOT) for each encounter were calculated manually and results analysed using a two-tailed t-test or Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
Of patients eligible to have the AH function activated during their admission, 34% (n = 34) had the function deployed at least once. Following the introduction of eMeds mean DOT for the pooled indications cohort was reduced by 3.02 days (CI 95% 0.41–5.63, p < 0.05) and mean LOT by 1.97 days (CI 95% 0.39–3.55, p < 0.05). The hardstop function resulted in 2 cases of delayed or unintentionally ceased therapies.

Conclusions
Following the introduction of electronic prescribing and AH, a significant reduction was observed in the DOT and LOT for antimicrobial use for inpatients with CAP and IECOPD without a significant increase in adverse events. Further research is required to determine the extent to which the AH functionality directly contributed to this effect and if the effect is present across a broader range of indications.
Evaluation of mild cognitive impairment genetic susceptibility risks in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Yelei , Li Xiaoyue , Hu Yu , Yuan Hongwei , Wu Xiaodong , Yang Yating , Zhao Tongtong , Hu Ke , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Guoqiang , Zhang Kai , Liu Huanzhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a kind of non-functional cognitive decline between normal aging and dementia. With the increase of individual age, the quality of cognitive function has become a more and more important topic. The study of gene loci in patients with MCI is essential for the prevention of dementia. In this study, we evaluate the gene polymorphism in Chinese Han patients with MCI by propensity score matching (PSM) and comparing them to healthy control (HC) subjects.MethodsFour hundred seventeen patients with mild cognitive impairment and 508 healthy people were included. The two groups were matched by applying one-to-one PSM, and the matching tolerance was set to 0.002. The matching covariates included gender,age,occupation,marital status,living mode. Then, a case-control associated analysis was conducted to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MCI group and the control group.ResultsThree hundred eleven cases were successfully matched in each group, and there was no statistical difference on all the matching variables, gender, age, occupation, marital status, living mode between two groups after the match (P > 0.05). The allele frequency of bridging integrator 1(BIN1) rs7561528 showed minimal association with MCI in the Han Chinese population (P = 0.01). Compared with the healthy control (HC) group, A allele frequency of MCI group patients was significantly decreased. The genotype frequency ofBIN1rs6733839 showed minimal association with MCI in the recessive model (P = 0.03). The genotype frequency of rs7561528 showed minimal association with MCI in the codominant, dominant, overdominant, and log-additive model (P < 0.05). The genotype frequencies of StAR-related lipid transfer domain 6 (STARD6) rs10164112 showed nominal association with MCI in the codominant, dominant, and log-additive model (P < 0.05). Unfortunately, the significant differences did not survive Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction (adjustedP > 0.05). The patients withSPI1rs1057233 may be the protective factor of MCI (OR = 0.733, 95%CI 0.625–0.859,P < 0.001), and patients withAPOErs10164112 may be a risk factor for MCI (OR = 1.323, 95%CI 1.023–1.711,P = 0.033).ConclusionsThe polymorphisms of rs7561528, rs6733839 loci in theBIN1gene, and rs1057233 loci in theSPI1gene may be associated with the MCI in Chinese Han population. APOE gene was the risk factor of MCI, but further verification in a large sample population is still needed.
Population-based estimates of age and comorbidity specific life expectancy: a first application in Swedish males
Authors: Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Robinson David , Gedeborg Rolf , Holmberg Lars , Stattin Pär , Garmo Hans 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
For clinical decision-making, an estimate of remaining lifetime is needed to assess benefit against harm of a treatment during the remaining lifespan. Here, we describe how to predict life expectancy based on age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and a Drug Comorbidity Index (DCI), whilst also considering potential future changes in CCI and DCI using population-based data on Swedish men.

Methods
Simulations based on annual updates of vital status, CCI and DCI were used to estimate life expectancy at population level. The probabilities of these transitions were determined from generalised linear models using prostate cancer-free comparison men in PCBaSe Sweden. A simulation was performed for each combination of age, CCI, and DCI. Survival curves were created and compared to observed survival. Life expectancy was then calculated as the area under the simulated survival curve.

Results
There was good agreement between observed and simulated survival curves for most ages and comorbidities, except for younger men. With increasing age and comorbidity, there was a decrease in life expectancy. Cross-validation based on six regions in Sweden also showed that simulated and observed survival was similar.

Conclusion
Our proposed method provides an alternative statistical approach to estimate life expectancy at population level based on age and comorbidity assessed by routinely collected information on diagnoses and filled prescriptions available in nationwide health care registers.
Relationship of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms with blood concentrations of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites and adverse drug reactions
Authors: Gao Beibei , Tan Tingfei , Cao Xi , Pan Menglu , Yang Chunlan , Wang Jianxiong , Shuai Zongwen , Xia Quan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the relationship of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene polymorphisms with blood concentrations of HCQ and its metabolites and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with SLE and RA.

Methods
A cohort of 146 patients with SLE and RA treated with HCQ was reviewed. The ADRs of the patients were recorded. The blood concentrations of HCQ and its metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP450, a metabolic enzyme involved in the HCQ metabolic pathway, was performed using a MassARRAY system. The chi-square test, T-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyse data.

Results
Among 29 candidate SNPs, we found that CYP3A4 (rs3735451) was significantly associated with blood levels of HCQ and its metabolites in both the unadjusted model and adjusted model (patients taking HCQ for > 10 years) (P < 0.05). For CYP3A5 (rs776746), a greater risk of skin and mucous membrane ADRs was associated with the TT genotype than with the CT + CC genotypes (P = 0.033). For CYP2C8 (rs1058932), the AG genotype carried a greater risk of abnormal renal function than the AA + GG genotype (P = 0.017); for rs10882526, the GG genotype carried a greater risk of ophthalmic ADRs than the AA + AG genotypes (P = 0.026).

Conclusions
The CYP2C8 (rs1058932 and rs10882526) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) polymorphisms are likely involved in the ADRs of HCQ. Gene polymorphism analysis of CYP450 and therapeutic drug monitoring of HCQ and its metabolites might be useful to optimise HCQ administration and predict ADRs.