bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoping review of the literature to ascertain how follow-up care is provided to major trauma patients post discharge from acute care
Authors: Wake Elizabeth , Ranse Jamie , Marshall Andrea P 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesSurvival following traumatic injury has increased, requiring ongoing patient follow-up. While longitudinal outcomes of trauma patients are reported, little is known about optimal delivery of follow-up service for this group. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and describe the structure, process and outcomes of postdischarge follow-up services for patients who sustained major trauma.Evidence reviewThis scoping review was conducted by searching CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Articles were screened by three independent reviewers. The data of selected articles were organised in the categories of the Donabedian quality framework: structure, processes and outcomes.ResultsTwenty-six articles were included after screening by title/abstract then full text against the inclusion/exclusion criteria; 92% (n=24) were from the USA.Follow-up services were provided by designated trauma centres and delivered by a mixture of health disciplines. Delivery of follow-up was multimodal (in person/telehealth). Protocols and guidelines helped to deliver follow-up care for non-physician led services.Ongoing health issues including missed injuries, pain and infection were identified. No standardised criteria were established to determine recipients, the timing or frequency of follow-up was identified. Patients who engaged with follow-up services were more likely to participate in other health services. Patients reported satisfaction with follow-up care.ConclusionThere are wide variations in how follow-up services for major trauma patients are provided. Further evaluation should focus on patient, family and organisational outcomes. Identifying who is most likely to benefit, when and how follow-up care is delivered are important next steps in improving outcomes.
Linking sexual size dimorphism to trophic niche partitioning in a generalist predator
Authors: Laliberté Jérôme , Rioux Ève , Lesmerises Rémi , St-Laurent Martin-Hugues 
Published: September 2022

Sexual size dimorphism is a common phenomenon in mammals, and researchers have been trying to demonstrate the evolutionary causes leading to sexual dimorphism. Two main hypotheses emerged: (1) the sexual selection hypothesis and (2) the sexual competition hypothesis (also called resource partitioning hypothesis). Here, we attempted to link sexual dimorphism in fishers ( Pekania pennanti (Erxleben, 1777)) with their fall diet using stable isotope profiling and body and skull measurements. We used the carcasses of 39 fishers which were caught in eastern Québec during fall 2014 by volunteer trappers as well as several potential prey items ranging from small rodents to cervids. We expected minimal niche overlap between sexes, as males should be able to exploit different prey species than females. We also expected to observe an effect of age class (adults vs. juveniles) on trophic niche. As expected, we found great evidence of sexual dimorphism in both body mass and skull measurements: males were heavier and longer than females and had a larger zygomatic and intracanine width and a longer skull. While proportions of prey in diet according to sex and age did not vary greatly, we found some evidence of niche partitioning using Layman's metrics. Indeed, females tended to have a less diversified and more similar diet compared to one another, whereas males showed more diversified and contrasted diets. Despite our limited sample size, our findings provide partial support to the sexual competition hypothesis, as the difference in body and skull size based on sex could have evolved to lessen intraspecific competition in fishers.
Barrow holographic dark energy models in f(Q) symmetric teleparallel gravity with Lambert function distribution
Authors: Koussour M. , Shekh S. H. , Filali H. , Bennai M. 
Published: September 2022

The paper presents Barrow holographic dark energy (infrared cut-off is the Hubble horizon) suggested by Barrow [The area of a rough black hole, Phys. Lett. B 808 (2020) 135643] recently in an anisotropic Bianchi type-I Universe within the framework of [Formula: see text] symmetric teleparallel gravity, where the non-metricity scalar [Formula: see text] is responsible for the gravitational interaction. We consider two cases: Interacting and non-interacting models of pressureless dark matter and Barrow holographic dark energy by solving [Formula: see text] symmetric teleparallel field equations. To find the exact solutions of the field equations, we assume that the time-redshift relation follows a Lambert function distribution as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are non-negative constants and [Formula: see text] represents the age of the Universe. Moreover, we discuss several cosmological parameters such as energy density, equation of state (EoS) and skewness parameters, squared sound speed, and [Formula: see text] plane. Finally, we found the values of the deceleration parameter (DP) for the Lambert function distribution as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which are consistent with recent observational data, i.e. DP evolves with cosmic time from initial deceleration to late-time acceleration.
Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials Evaluating the Comparative Efficacy of Lipid‐Lowering Therapies Added to Maximally Tolerated Statins for the Reduction of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Toth Peter P. , Bray Sarah , Villa Guillermo , Palagashvili Tamara , Sattar Naveed , Stroes Erik S. G. , Worth Gavin M. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Lowering low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels decreases major cardiovascular events and is recommended for patients at elevated cardiovascular risk. However, appropriate doses of statin therapy are often insufficient to reduce LDL‐C in accordance with current guidelines. In such cases, treatment could be supplemented with nonstatin lipid‐lowering therapy.

Methods and Results
A systematic literature review and network meta‐analysis were conducted on randomized controlled trials of nonstatin lipid‐lowering therapy added to maximally tolerated statins, including statin‐intolerant patients. The primary objective was to assess relative efficacy of nonstatin lipid‐lowering therapy in reducing LDL‐C levels at week 12. Secondary objectives included the following: LDL‐C level reduction at week 24 and change in non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B at week 12. There were 48 randomized controlled trials included in the primary network meta‐analysis. All nonstatin agents significantly reduced LDL‐C from baseline versus placebo, regardless of background therapy. At week 12, evolocumab, 140 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W)/420 mg once a month, and alirocumab, 150 mg Q2W, were the most efficacious regimens, followed by alirocumab, 75 mg Q2W, alirocumab, 300 mg once a month, inclisiran, bempedoic acid/ezetimibe fixed‐dose combination, and ezetimibe and bempedoic acid used as monotherapies. Primary end point results were generally consistent at week 24, and for other lipid end points at week 12.

Conclusions
Evolocumab, 140 mg Q2W/420 mg once a month, and alirocumab, 150 mg Q2W, were consistently the most efficacious nonstatin regimens when added to maximally tolerated statins to lower LDL‐C, non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels and facilitate attainment of guideline‐recommended risk‐stratified lipoprotein levels.
Evaluation of an Ambulatory ECG Analysis Platform Using Deep Neural Networks in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Fiorina Laurent , Maupain Carole , Gardella Christophe , Manenti Vladimir , Salerno Fiorella , Socie Pierre , Li Jia , Henry Christine , Plesse Audrey , Narayanan Kumar , Bourmaud Aurélie , Marijon Eloi 
Published: September 2022

Background
Holter analysis requires significant clinical resources to achieve a high‐quality diagnosis. This study sought to assess whether an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based Holter analysis platform using deep neural networks is noninferior to a conventional one used in clinical routine in detecting a major rhythm abnormality.

Methods and Results

A total of 1000 Holter (24‐hour) recordings were collected from 3 tertiary hospitals. Recordings were independently analyzed by cardiologists for the AI‐based platform and by electrophysiologists as part of clinical practice for the conventional platform. For each Holter, diagnostic performance was evaluated and compared through the analysis of the presence or absence of 5 predefined cardiac abnormalities: pauses, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter/tachycardia, high‐grade atrioventricular block, and high burden of premature ventricular complex (>10%). Analysis duration was monitored. The deep neural network–based platform was noninferior to the conventional one in its ability to detect a major rhythm abnormality. There were no statistically significant differences between AI‐based and classical platforms regarding the sensitivity and specificity to detect the predefined abnormalities except for atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia (atrial fibrillation, 0.98 versus 0.91 and 0.98 versus 1.00; pause, 0.95 versus 1.00 and 1.00 versus 1. 00; premature ventricular contractions, 0.96 versus 0.87 and 1.00 versus 1.00; ventricular tachycardia, 0.97 versus 0.68 and 0.99 versus 1.00; atrioventricular block, 0.93 versus 0.57 and 0.99 versus 1.00). The AI‐based analysis was >25% faster than the conventional one (4.4 versus 6.0 minutes;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest that an AI‐based strategy for the analysis of Holter recordings is faster and at least as accurate as a conventional analysis by electrophysiologists.
Blood‐Based Fingerprint of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Long‐Term Health Outcomes in Young Adulthood
Authors: Shah Ravi V. , Miller Patricia , Colangelo Laura A. , Chernofsky Ariel , Houstis Nicholas E. , Malhotra Rajeev , Velagaleti Raghava S. , Jacobs David R. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Reis Jared P. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Clish Clary B. , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Lewis Gregory D. , Nayor Matthew 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful predictor of health outcomes that is currently underused in primary prevention, especially in young adults. We sought to develop a blood‐based biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness that is easily translatable across populations.

Methods and Results

Maximal effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing for quantification of cardiorespiratory fitness (by peak oxygen uptake) and profiling of >200 metabolites at rest were performed in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; 2016–2019). A metabolomic fitness score was derived/validated in the FHS and was associated with long‐term outcomes in the younger CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. In the FHS (derivation, N=451; validation, N=914; age 54±8 years, 53% women, body mass index 27.7±5.3 kg/m
2
), we used LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression to develop a multimetabolite score to predict peak oxygen uptake (correlation with peak oxygen uptake
r
=0.77 in derivation, 0.61 in validation; both
P
<0.0001). In a linear model including clinical risk factors, a ≈1‐SD higher metabolomic fitness score had equivalent magnitude of association with peak oxygen uptake as a 9.2‐year age increment. In the CARDIA study (N=2300, median follow‐up 26.9 years, age 32±4 years, 44% women, 44% Black individuals), a 1‐SD higher metabolomic fitness score was associated with a 44% lower risk for mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56 [95% CI, 0.47–0.68];
P
<0.0001) and 32% lower risk for cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55–0.84];
P
=0.0003) in models adjusted for age, sex, and race, which remained robust with adjustment for clinical risk factors.

Conclusions
A blood‐based biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness largely independent of traditional risk factors is associated with long‐term risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in young adults.
Left Atrial Volumes and Function, and Long‐Term Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in the General Population
Authors: Larsen Bjørn Strøier , Olsen Flemming Javier , Andersen Ditte Madsen , Madsen Christoffer Valdorff , Møgelvang Rasmus , Jensen Gorm Boje , Schnohr Peter , Aplin Mark , Høst Nis Baun , Christensen Hanne , Sajadieh Ahmad , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: September 2022

Background
Left atrial (LA) volumes and emptying fraction in the general population may address structural and functional aspects of atrial cardiomyopathy associated with long‐term risk of ischemic stroke in the absence of atrial fibrillation or prior stroke. We investigated the association between LA volumes and function and ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results
In a community‐based cohort, we measured LA minimal volume, LA maximal volume, and LA emptying fraction by transthoracic echocardiography. The primary end point was ischemic stroke. Participants with known atrial fibrillation or prior ischemic stroke were excluded, which resulted in 1866 participants. The mean age was 58±16 years, and 57% were women. During a median follow‐up of 16.5 years (interquartile range: 11.4–16.8 years), 176 (9.4%) ischemic strokes occurred. In multivariable cause‐specific regression models and competing risk models with death as a competing risk, LA emptying fraction was associated with ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 per 10% decrease [95% CI, 1.02–1.28]) and (subdistribution HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01–1.29]). This association remained when adjusting for participants who developed atrial fibrillation during follow‐up (HR, 1.12 per 10% decrease [95% CI, 1.00–1.26]). Indexed LA volumes were not associated with ischemic stroke in the same models. LA emptying fraction and indexed LA volumes were not associated with all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions
Lower LA emptying fraction measured by transthoracic echocardiography was associated with future ischemic stroke independently of incident atrial fibrillation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02993172.
Mechanism of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Formation: An Anatomical Specimens-Based Study
Authors: Rzepliński Radosław , Sługocki Mikołaj , Tarka Sylwia , Tomaszewski Michał , Kucewicz Michał , Karczewski Krzysztof , Krajewski Paweł , Małachowski Jerzy , Ciszek Bogdan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Despite advances in understanding various risk and prognostic factors, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is connected to very high morbidity and mortality, while the therapy is mainly supportive. Understanding of the pathophysiology of initial hematoma expansion is limited due to insufficient clinical data and lack of a suitable animal model.

Methods:
We injected 40 anatomic specimens of the basal ganglia with contrast medium, scanned them with a micro-computed tomography scanner and analyzed the results of radiological studies, direct and histological examinations.

Results:
In 9 cases, micro-computed tomography and histological examinations revealed contrast medium extravasations mimicking intracerebral hematomas. The artificial hematomas spread both proximally and distally along the ruptured perforator and its branches in the perivascular spaces and detached the branches from the adjacent neural tissue leading to destruction of the tissue and secondary extravasations. Moreover, some contrast extravasations skipped to the perivascular spaces of unruptured perforators, created further extravasation sites and aggravated the expansion of the artificial hematoma. There was no subarachnoid extension of any artificial hematoma.

Conclusions:
We postulate that a forming basal ganglia intracerebral hematoma spreads initially in the perivascular space, detaches the branches from the neural tissue and causes secondary bleeding. It can also skip to the perivascular space of a nearby perforator. The proposed mechanism of hematoma initiation and formation explains extent of damage to the neural tissue, variability of growth in time and space, creation of secondary bleeding sites, and limited usefulness of surgical interventions. The model is reproducible, the extent of the artificial hematoma can be easily controlled, the rupture sites of the perforating arteries can be determined, and preparation of the model does not require specialized, expensive equipment apart from the micro-computed tomography scanner.
Issues in Religious Toleration from the Reformation to the Present Day
Authors: Keith Graham 
Published: September 2022

Religious toleration is comparatively rare. Perhaps it flourishes best in conditions of religious indifference and relativism.
Despite initial outbreaks of intolerance, the Reformation did sow the seed for toleration by stressing the individual conscience as bound to Scripture. The ideal of liberty of conscience did not, however, prove an unmixed blessing; it promoted toleration only because early Protestant hopes for a uniform understanding of Scripture proved overoptimistic. Liberty of conscience was soon associated with a personal liberty outside of external controls.
Today liberty of conscience is subsumed under human rights. While this broader slogan seemingly promises religious toleration, it suffers from imprecision as the common human nature implicit in the theory is seldom defined satisfactorily. The resulting void may mean that religious toleration will be lost amid a welter of competing humanitarian goals. At the same time it gives Christians an opportunity to contribute specifically biblical insights on human nature.
Jesus Christ: Model Man of Faith, or Saving Son of God?
Authors: Parker David 
Published: September 2022

In his article, The Hypostatic Union: How did Jesus Function? [EQ 65:4 (1993), 311–327], Roger Helland has focused helpfully on the humanity of Jesus. But in declaring that Jesus performed his mighty deeds as a man empowered by the Spirit and thereby functioned as a model of faith for believers, he has raised questions about the incarnation and Jesus’ role in relation to his people; thus Helland is led to a reduced Christology and a dubious spirituality focused on the emulation of Jesus.
In response, it is argued that certain key aspects of Chalcedonian Christology provide a satisfactory explanation of the human and the divine inJesus by stressing the unity of the person. Furthermore, the doctrine of imago Dei and Christ’s atoning work suggest spirituality is based in forigiveness and reconciliation and the church’s mission is the proclamation of the victory of the gospel in the name of Jesus.
Perceived barriers to career progression in the headache field: A global web-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: de Boer Irene , Ambrosini Anna , Halker Singh Rashmi B , Baykan Betül , Buse Dawn C , Tassoreli Cristina , Jensen Rigmor H , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Terwindt Gisela M ,   on behalf of the International Headache Society Women’s Leadership Forum
Published: September 2022

Background It is well recognized that underrepresented and minoritized groups do not have the same career opportunities. However, there are limited data on the range and specifics of potential barriers that withhold people in headache medicine and science from reaching their full potential. Moreover, people from different geographical regions often perceive different challenges. We aimed to identify world-wide perceived career barriers and possibilities for promoting equality amongst professionals in the headache fields. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among professionals in the field of headache globally. The questions of the survey were aimed at assessing perceived career barriers in four domains: professional recognition, opportunities in scientific societies, clinical practice, and salary and compensation. Perceived mentorship was also assessed. Results In total 580 responders completed the survey (55.3% women). Gender was the most important perceived barrier in almost all domains. Additionally, country of birth emerged as an important barrier to participation in international scientific societies. Career barriers varied across world regions. Conclusion It is essential that longstanding and ongoing disparities by gender and country of origin for professionals in the headache field are globally acknowledged and addressed in areas of recruitment, retention, opportunities, mentor- and sponsorships, and advancement.
Management of the Failed First Revision ACL Reconstruction: Clinical Outcomes of Nonsurgical Management Versus Second Revision ACL Reconstruction From the SANTI Group
Authors: Fradin Thomas , Saithna Adnan , Haidar Ibrahim M. , Rayes Johnny , El Helou Abdo , Ngbilo Cedric , Pioger Charles , Vieira Thais Dutra , Hopper Graeme P. , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand 
Published: September 2022

Background: The optimum management strategy after failure of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (RACLR) is not clearly defined. The literature evaluating differences in outcomes between surgical and nonsurgical management is sparse. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to evaluate the outcomes of surgical versus nonsurgical management of failed first RACLR. It was hypothesized that the long-term clinical outcomes of second RACLR would be superior with respect to knee stability, return to sport, and patient-reported outcome measures when compared with nonsurgical treatment. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who experienced failure of first RACLR were evaluated. All participants followed the same rehabilitation protocol regardless of whether they underwent nonsurgical treatment or a second RACLR. Follow-up comprised regular clinical review and a standardized telephone interview at the end of the study period. Patient-reported outcome measures were recorded at the final follow-up. Results: A total of 41 patients with a mean follow-up of 104 ± 52.7 months (range, 40-140 months) were evaluated. Of these, 31 underwent a second RACLR, and 10 patients chose nonsurgical treatment. There was a high rate of return to sport in both groups, but patients undergoing second RACLR had significantly better Tegner (6.35 vs 4.8; P = .012), Lysholm (88.5 vs 78.3; P = .0353), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Quality of Life (72.6 vs 56.3; P = .0490), and KOOS Sport and Recreation scores (81.4 vs 62.5; P = .0033). Significantly more patients undergoing second RACLR achieved the Patient Acceptable Symptom State for KOOS Sport and Recreation than those who underwent nonsurgical management (74.2% vs 30%; P = .015). The most important predictor of failure to achieve a good/excellent Lysholm score in multivariate analysis was nonsurgical management ( P = .0095). Conclusion: Both second RACLR and nonsurgical management of failed first RACLR were associated with high rates of return to sport. However, second RACLR was associated with significantly better functional outcome scores with respect to Tegner, Lysholm, KOOS Quality of Life, and KOOS Sport and Recreation scores compared to nonsurgical management. In addition, nonsurgical treatment was the only significant predictor of failure to achieve a good/excellent Lysholm score at the final follow-up, and this was likely a function of inferior knee stability in that group.