bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic, morphometric, and tomographic features of the mandible of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) applied to clinical morpho‐physiology and imaging
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas de Assis , Magalhães Henrique Inhauser Riceti , Silva Adriano Ferreira , Silva Frederico Ozanam Carneiro e 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVeterinary dentistry is one of the specialties with the greatest potential to contribute to animal welfare; however, it requires a deep anatomical knowledge of the region to be treated. Therefore, the aim was to describe the macroscopic, morphometric, and tomographic anatomy of the mandible of the collared peccary in order to provide support for a better understanding of local morpho‐physiology and to improve clinical procedures and interpretation of imaging exams in live adult specimens. Four mandibles from wild adultPecari tajacuwere used. The mandibles were submitted to CT scanning, and comparative analyses were performed using multiplanar views. Afterward, mandibular morphometry was conducted following the literature. Each hemimandible is composed of body, angle, and ramus. The main bony landmarks are the mandibular foramen, three main lateral mental foramina, two medial mental foramina, condylar and coronoid processes, and mandibular and angular notches. The teeth are bunodont, and the dental formula is I3/C1/PM3/M3. All bony structures were observed both in the prepared mandible and in the tomographic images and their 3D reconstruction. No obvious differences were observed in the morphometric data between males and females, or between right and left hemimandibles. It can be concluded that the mandible of the collared peccary may be anatomically structured to favor its omnivorous feeding habit. CT scan proved to be an excellent tool for evaluating the teeth and mandible, and it also provides reliable 3D bone reconstructions that can be helpful in the structural identification and the planning of oral care in live adult animals.
A microfluidic approach for studying microcolonization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on leaf trichome‐mimicking surfaces under fluid shear stress
Authors: Mok Jin Hong , Niu Ye , Yousef Ahmed , Zhao Yi , Sastry Sudhir K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEscherichia coli O157:H7 have previously been associated with disease outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables. However, the physical mechanisms that determine the spatial organization of bacteria onto leafy greens are still not clear. Microfluidics with embedded trichome‐mimicking microposts were employed to investigate the role of shear flow and configuration of trichomes on E. coli O157:H7 microcolonization. We characterized the three‐dimensional microcolonization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged E. coli O157:H7 using multiphoton fluorescence microscopy and compared their differences under static (no flow; incubated for 36 h at 37°C) and fluid shear conditions (750 nl/min for 36 h at 37°C). For micropatterned trichome arrays, we demonstrated that natural wax‐mixed polydimethylsiloxane retains similar topographies and contact angles to the surface of trichome‐bearing leafy greens. Our results showed that E. coli O157:H7 under fluid shear stress aligned their colonization parallel to the direction of flow. In a static condition, their colonization had no preferential alignment, with statistically similar angular distributions in all directions. In addition, depending on dimensions of the trichome arrays and flow conditions, different bacterial microcolonization patterns grew radially from initial attachment; they formed into filamentous structures and developed into bridges by surface hydrophobicity and flow‐induced shear with a nutrient‐rich medium. Collectively, these results demonstrate how the consequences of bacterial colonization in response to shear flow can affect pathogenic bacterial contamination of leafy greens and biofilm architectures.
Functional in vitro characterization of small extracellular vesicles isolated from menstrual blood‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
Authors: Mahdipour Elahe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMenstrual blood is a rich source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MenSCs) with a diverse potential to differentiate into various cell types. Similar to other cells, MenSCs produce extracellular vesicles from which, small extracellular vesicles have attracted much interest due to their therapeutic and regenerative capacities. Here using in vitro approaches, several properties of MenSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles (MEX) have been investigated. HUVEC angiogenesis assay was used to evaluate the proangiogenic function of MEX. The immune regulatory property of MEX was assessed using a T cell proliferation assay. Proliferation, migration, and gene expression of primary fibroblasts were selected to determine the scar‐related activity of MEX. Finally, the anti‐cancer effect of MEX on the proliferation of cancerous cell lines was tested. Our results demonstrated that the small extracellular vesicles isolated from MenSCs have proangiogenic and immune‐suppressive abilities. Moreover, these vesicles performed as an anti‐proliferative agent for cancerous cell lines. MEX was also able to reduce the migration of primary fibroblasts. In summary, MEX has shown promising in vitro characteristics for regenerative applications. They may offer a great cell‐free strategy with therapeutic potential for a diverse range of diseases. For future therapeutic applications and further clinical translation, more studies are needed to elucidate the involved mechanisms.
Comprehensive profiling of the TRIpartite motif family to identify pivot genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Lingyun , Yin Xin , Jiang Kan , Yin Jie , Yu Hao , Yang Lingling , Ma Chiyuan , Yan Senxiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionTRIpartite motif (TRIM) proteins are important members of the Really Interesting New Gene‐finger‐containing E3 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme and are involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the diverse expression patterns of TRIMs and their roles in prognosis and immune infiltrates in HCC have yet to be analyzed.MaterialsCombined with previous research, we used an Oncomine database and the Human Protein Atlas to compare TRIM family genes' transcriptional levels between tumor samples and normal liver tissues, as verified by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. We investigated the patient survival data of TRIMs from the Kaplan–Meier plotter database. Clinicopathologic characteristics associations and potential diagnostic and prognostic values were validated with clinical and expressional data collected from the cancer genome atlas.ResultsWe identified TRIM28, TRIM37, TRIM45, and TRIM59 as high‐priority members of the TRIMs family that modulates HCC. Low expression of TRIM28 was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) than high expression (log‐rank p = 0.009). The same trend was identified for TRIM37 (p = 0.001), TRIM45 (p = 0.013), and TRIM59 (p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis indicated that the level of TRIM37 was a significant independent prognostic factor for both OS (p = 0.043) and progression‐free interval (p = 0.044). We performed expression and mutation analysis and functional pathways and tumor immune infiltration analysis of the changes in TRIM factors.ConclusionThese data suggested that TRIM28, TRIM37, TRIM45, and TRIM59 could serve as efficient prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
Gastrointestinal problems and non‐Oral feeding in children evaluated for medical child abuse (fabricated and induced illness)
Authors: Feldman Kenneth W. , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Goldin Adam , Jenny Carole , Wiester Rebecca T. , Metz James B. , Crumm Caitlin , Ganti Sheila 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVictims of medical child abuse (MCA) often have gastrointestinal (GI) complaints and nutritional difficulties, leading to non‐oral feeding methods. We documented the frequency of GI complaints, non‐oral feeding methods, medical complaints leading to them and difficulties experienced. They were compared with children evaluated preoperatively by a G‐tube protocol.Children with possible MCA at Children's Hospital, 2011–2015, were retrospectively reviewed. They were compared with a 5 per cent random sample of G‐tube protocol children, 2013–2015.Sixty‐five of 143 (45.5%) children evaluated for MCA were determined to be MCA victims. Twenty‐four out of 65 children with MCA (39.6%) had GI complaints compared to nine out of 60 G‐tube protocol children (15.0%). Gastroesophageal reflux and oral‐motor dysfunction were the most frequent GI problems in both groups. Fewer MCA children had prior non‐oral feeding methods than G‐tube protocol children. However, MCA victims had more prior GI investigations, non‐oral feeding types and complications thereof. MCA children were less likely to have feeding tubes placed, but caretakers took 30 per cent who did not receive a tube elsewhere for tube insertion. Interventions in MCA children restored many to oral feeding and resolved nutritional and developmental complaints.MCA victims had frequent GI complaints, numerous investigations and frequent complications. They had more uncommon GI complaints. MCA interventions improved feeding and nutrition.Key Practitioner Messages

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems and non‐oral feeding methods are common in medical child abuse (MCA).
MCA victims undergo many investigations and tend to have multiple GI complaints.
Non‐oral feeding methods are common and often fail or are fraught with complications.
Consider MCA in children with unusual primary and/or GI diagnoses.
Intervention can relieve feeding and developmental problems and failure to thrive.
Direct Addition of Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids Enabled by Bulky turbo‐Organomagnesium Anilides
Authors: Colas Kilian , dos Santos A. Catarina V. D. , Kohlhepp Stefanie V. , Mendoza Abraham 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Abraham Mendoza at Stockholm University. The image depicts a Grignard reagent “turbo‐charged” with a magnesium anilide additive. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104053.
Reconstruction and fire risk assessment of arc‐tracking at a plug‐outlet connection point
Authors: Okamoto Katsuhiro , Nakagawa Masahiro , Fujimoto Jumpei , Ichikawa Toshikazu , Yamasaki Hiroki , Kashiwagi Nobuyuki , Honma Masakatsu 
Published: February 2022

SummaryPolyvinyl chloride (PVC), a typical plug insulating material, is an organic material with high tracking resistance. However, the tracking resistance of PVC gets considerably reduced by thermal degradation. In this study, a phenol resin with low tracking resistance was implanted between plug blades as an insulating material that simulated the thermally degraded insulating material of the plug, and a method that could efficiently and reliably reconstruct the arc‐tracking was proposed. Also, arc‐tracking experiments using the proposed method were conducted to evaluate fire risk at the plug‐outlet connection caused by arc‐tracking. To reconstruct the end state of insulation failure in which the tracking resistance of the plug insulation material deteriorated due to thermal degradation, the insulation material between the blades of a 12 A, 125 V rated PVC plug was cut out. Then, a phenol resin piece (6 or 3 mm width) was implanted in the entire, upper or lower halves between the plug blades. The end state of insulation failure was accelerated by applying carbon grease to the phenol resin surface. The implanted plug was inserted into a 15 A, 125 V rated outlet connected to a 100 V AC commercial power supply, and the arc‐tracking at the plug‐outlet connection was observed. When the width of the phenol resin to be implanted was 3 mm, we found that the outlet plate and plug could ignite due to the longer electrical discharge duration. The plug was often extinguished immediately after the end of the electrical discharge due to the self‐extinguishing properties of PVC, but when an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin outlet plate ignited, the combustion continued for several minutes. Even though PVCs have self‐extinguishing properties, they burn temporarily during arc‐tracking. From the results, the flame from the electric fire outbreak is believed to spread to the outlet plate and eventually developed into a fire.
Evaluation of dried tomato pomace as a non‐conventional feed: Its effect on growth, nutrients digestibility, digestive enzyme, blood chemistry and intestinal microbiota of growing quails
Authors: Alagawany Mahmoud , El‐Saadony Mohamed T. , El‐Rayes Talaat K. , Madkour Mahmoud , Loschi Anna Rita , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Reda Fayiz M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work evaluated the effect of sun‐dried tomato waste (SDTP) on growth, carcasses, digestibility of nutrients, digestive enzymes, blood chemistry and intestinal microbiota of 250 one‐week‐old growing Japanese quail. The birds were randomly distributed into 5 equal groups. Group 1 was fed on the basal diet (BD) (control), Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed on the BD containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% SDTP respectively. SDTP significantly improved the body weights and gains at 3 weeks of age compared with control, and the 6% SDTP level seems to be the optimal level used throughout the first 3–5 weeks of age. With 6, 9 or 12% SDTP, the percentages of liver and giblets and the meat percentages of moisture and crude protein were improved significantly relative to control or 3%. In quail diets, the percentage of ether extract was reduced with increasing the SDTP. The studied levels of SDTP did not significantly change the digestibility of DM, OM, CP or NFE. The highest levels of amylase and lipase enzymes were recorded in the 6% SDTP, opposite to control. SDTP at 9 and 12% significantly decreased the total cholesterol than all other treatments. The highest and the lowest HDL levels were shown in 12 and 9% SDTP respectively. The 12% SDTP showed the highest SOD, TAC, IgM, IgG and Complement 3 values among all groups. The different levels of SDTP significantly reduced the MDA content than control. The highest caecal E. coli and Salmonella spp counts were found in control and 6% inclusion level followed by 9% and finally 3 and 12% SDTP. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of SDTP can enhance the growth and health status of growing quails via improving the nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, and blood chemistry and reducing the intestinal pathogens.
Immediate and long‐term effects of speech treatment targets and intensive dosage on Parkinson's disease dysphonia and the speech motor network: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Narayana Shalini , Franklin Crystal , Peterson Elizabeth , Hunter Eric J. , Robin Donald A. , Halpern Angela , Spielman Jennifer , Fox Peter T. , Ramig Lorraine O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study compared acoustic and neural changes accompanying two treatments matched for intensive dosage but having two different treatment targets (voice or articulation) to dissociate the effects of treatment target and intensive dosage in speech therapies. Nineteen participants with Parkinsonian dysphonia (11 F) were randomized to three groups: intensive treatment targeting voice (voice group, n = 6), targeting articulation (articulation group, n = 7), or an untreated group (no treatment, n = 6). The severity of dysphonia was assessed by the smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and neuronal changes were evaluated by cerebral blood flow (CBF) recorded at baseline, posttreatment, and 7‐month follow‐up. Only the voice treatment resulted in significant posttreatment improvement in CPPS, which was maintained at 7 months. Following voice treatment, increased activity in left premotor and bilateral auditory cortices was observed at posttreatment, and in the left motor and auditory cortices at 7‐month follow‐up. Articulation treatment resulted in increased activity in bilateral premotor and left insular cortices that were sustained at a 7‐month follow‐up. Activation in the auditory cortices and a significant correlation between the CPPS and CBF in motor and auditory cortices was observed only in the voice group. The intensive dosage resulted in long‐lasting behavioral and neural effects as the no‐treatment group showed a progressive decrease in activity in areas of the speech motor network out to a 7‐month follow‐up. These results indicate that dysphonia and the speech motor network can be differentially modified by treatment targets, while intensive dosage contributes to long‐lasting effects of speech treatments.
The protective role of sense of community and access to resources on college student stress and COVID‐19‐related daily life disruptions
Authors: Benson Olufunke M. , Whitson Melissa L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of our study was to understand more about how college students have been impacted by the pandemic and how their universities can better support them by emphasizing protective factors that build resilience. The protective factors we explored were sense of community, perceived adequacy of resources, and perceived social support.We conducted an online survey, which was administered to 296 (70.4% female and Mage = 20.34) students from a private Northeastern University in the United States. There were gender and class year differences found after analysis. In addition, sense of community and perceived adequacy were found to be statistically significant. There were gender and class year differences found after analysis. In addition, sense of community and perceived adequacy were found to be statistically significant. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of sense of community and access to resources as protective factors in mitigating stress and coronavirus disease 2019‐related disruptions to daily life among college students, particularly for female students who report more adverse outcomes.
m6A demethylase ALKBH5 drives denervation‐induced muscle atrophy by targeting HDAC4 to activate FoxO3 signalling
Authors: Liu Yuantong , Zhou Tianjian , Wang Qinghe , Fu Runhan , Zhang Zengfu , Chen Nandi , Li Zhizhong , Gao Guoyong , Peng Songlin , Yang Dazhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle atrophy is a common clinical manifestation of various neurotrauma and neurological diseases. In addition to the treatment of primary neuropathies, it is a clinical condition that should be investigated. FoxO3 activation is an indispensable mechanism in denervation‐induced muscle atrophy; however, upstream factors that control FoxO3 expression and activity have not been fully elucidated. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a novel mode of epitranscriptional gene regulation that affects several cellular processes. However, the biological significance of m6A modification in FoxO3‐dependent atrophy is unknown.MethodsWe performed gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments and used denervation‐induced muscle atrophy mouse model to evaluate the effects of m6A modification on muscle mass control and FoxO3 activation. m6A‐sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses were used to establish whether histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is a mediator of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 regulation of FoxO3. A series of cellular and molecular biological experiments (western blot, immunoprecipitation, half‐life assay, m6A‐MeRIP‐qPCR, and luciferase reporter assays among others) were performed to investigate regulatory relationships among ALKBH5, HDAC4, and FoxO3.ResultsIn skeletal muscles, denervation was associated with a 20.7–31.9% decrease in m6A levels (P < 0.01) and a 35.6–115.2% increase in demethylase ALKBH5 protein levels (P < 0.05). Overexpressed ALKBH5 reduced m6A levels, activated FoxO3 signalling, and induced excess loss in muscle wet weight (−10.3% for innervation and −11.4% for denervation, P < 0.05) as well as a decrease in myofibre cross‐sectional areas (−35.8% for innervation and −33.3% for denervation, P < 0.05) during innervation and denervation. Specific deletion of Alkbh5 in the skeletal muscles prevented FoxO3 activation and protected mice from denervation‐induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by increased muscle mass (+16.0%, P < 0.05), size (+50.0%, P < 0.05) and MyHC expression (+32.6%, P < 0.05). Mechanistically, HDAC4 was established to be a crucial central mediator for ALKBH5 in enhancing FoxO3 signalling in denervated muscles. ALKBH5 demethylates and stabilizes Hdac4 mRNA. HDAC4 interacts with and deacetylates FoxO3, resulting in a significant increase in FoxO3 expression (+61.3–82.5%, P < 0.01) and activity (+51.6–122.0%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings elucidate on the roles and mechanisms of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation in the control of muscle mass during denervation and activation of FoxO3 signalling by targeting HDAC4. These results suggest that ALKBH5 is a potential therapeutic target for neurogenic muscle atrophy.
Prototypical leaders reinforce efficacy beliefs: How and when leader–leader exchange relates to team effectiveness
Authors: Zhang Shuxia , Hu Jia , Chuang Chih‐Hsun , Chiao Yu‐Ching 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIntegrating two social cognition‐based theories: social cognitive theory and implicit leadership theory, we propose that leader prototypicality perceptions are important boundary conditions for the effects of leader–leader exchange (LLX) on team performance through the mediating roles of team leaders' and team members' efficacy beliefs. Using time‐lagged, three‐source data from 231 retail store teams, we found that perceived superior prototypicality enhanced the relationship between LLX and team leader self‐efficacy and that perceived team leader prototypicality strengthened the relationship between LLX and team collective efficacy. Moreover, LLX was indirectly and positively related to team performance through the mediating role of team collective efficacy only when team members' perceptions of team leader group prototypicality were high. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the role of LLX on team‐ and leader‐level outcomes and they further illuminate the key team processes that bridge the links and important contingencies for the team effects of LLX.