bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of biochar amendment on soil hydrological properties and crop water use efficiency: A global meta‐analysis and structural equation model
Authors: Wu Wenao , Han Jiayuan , Gu Yining , Li Tong , Xu Xiangrui , Jiang Yuhan , Li Yunpeng , Sun Jianfei , Pan Genxing , Cheng Kun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe regulation of soil water retention by biochar amendment has been concerned especially in cropland ecosystem. However, the quantification of biochar's effects on soil hydrological properties and crop water use efficiency (WUE) is still limited, and the factors driving the biochar effect need to be investigated. Based on a database with 681 observations, meta‐analysis and structural equation model (SEM) were employed to reveal how biochar amendment affects water supply capacity and WUE. The results showed that biochar application increased available water content (AWC) and WUE by 26.8% and 4.7% on average, respectively. According to the SEM of AWC (R2 = 0.70–0.96), the increase of soil organic carbon (+36.1%) by biochar application can not only directly improve AWC but also indirectly improve AWC by affecting permanent wilting point (−1.0%) and mean weight diameter (+11.1%). The SEM of WUE (R2 = 0.74) indicated that soil moisture and porosity were increased by 10.8% and 7.0% under biochar amendment, which was the reason why biochar improved WUE. This study emphasized that biochar can improve soil hydrology and crop yield by increasing soil water supply conditions. And a rational rate of biochar is the precondition to obtaining the benefits of soil hydrology, otherwise, the excessive use of biochar may lead to the decline of WUE.
How universities facilitate city network socialization through knowledge exchange on immigrant integration
Authors: Broadhead Jacqueline , Allen William L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUniversities increasingly facilitate as well as study social change alongside decision‐makers and users. This is partly in response to demands for civic engagement and demonstrable public impact. While existing scholarship has critically examined these collaborations’ impacts, less work addresses either how they develop or what benefits they confer to participants—especially those operating at local scales. By examining two university‐initiated networks comprising 28 cities in 12 European countries working on immigrant integration issues, we show how two‐way knowledge exchange among researchers and municipal policymakers can foster peer learning and co‐productive dynamics. We argue that these exchanges socialize cities into more cohesive groups with shared goals and agendas, particularly in low‐salience policy areas, as integration can be in some national contexts. Moreover, universities and university‐affiliated researchers play unique roles in facilitating this process. Our results have theoretical implications for multi‐level and networked governance and offer practical guidance for designing knowledge exchange initiatives.
Utility of sonic hedgehog and keratin 8/18 immunohistochemistry for detecting ballooned hepatocytes
Authors: Kusano Hironori , Kondo Reiichiro , Ogasawara Sachiko , Omuraya Minori , Okudaira Masayuki , Mizuochi Shinji , Mihara Yutaro , Kinjo Yoshinao , Yano Yuta , Nakayama Masamichi , Naito Yoshiki , Akiba Jun , Nakashima Osamu , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: February 2022

AimsBallooned hepatocytes represent liver cell degeneration and are histological hallmarks in the diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, a severe form of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the identification of ballooned hepatocytes is often difficult, especially in the clinical setting of patients with other chronic liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the utility of immunostaining for positive sonic hedgehog (SHh) protein and negative Keratin 8/18 (K8/18) expression on ballooned hepatocytes.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry for SHh and K8/18 was evaluated independently by two experienced liver pathologists in non‐tumorous liver tissue from 100 cases of resected hepatocellular carcinoma of various aetiology. The degree of hepatocyte ballooning was scored as follows: 0, none; 1, few; 2, many ballooned hepatocytes. These evaluations were performed using routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, followed by immunostaining for SHh or K8/18. Using SHh or K8/18 immunostaining combined with H&E staining, the score of ballooned hepatocytes was upgraded in 20 and 19 cases, and downgraded in none and 2 cases, respectively. The percentage of observed agreement for ballooned hepatocytes scoring was 85% and 92%, and the weighted kappa value was 0.806 and 0.893 with SHh or K8/18 immunohistochemistry. Considering the immunohistochemistry results, background liver disease diagnosis was changed in 15 out of 100 cases (15%) evaluated.ConclusionsSHh and K8/18 immunohistochemistry are useful in detecting ballooned hepatocytes, regardless of background liver disease, and improving pathological diagnosis accuracy.
Defunding the police in the UK: Critical questions and practical suggestions
Authors: Fleetwood Jennifer , Lea John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCalls to defund the police emerged from Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests of 2020, inspiring USA cities to shift funding from policing to social welfare. Here we consider how defunding might translate to the UK, raising critical questions about our distinct funding arrangements, and social welfare traditions. Next, we consider how the spirit of defunding could be adapted in the UK drawing on the left realist proposition of minimal policing, radically restricting police powers and autonomy. In contrast to many abolitionists, we foresee the state continuing to play an important role in ensuring justice through the development of specialist non‐police led agencies to respond to serious crimes and residual conflicts.
Gauging the effect of investor overconfidence on trading volume from the perspective of the relationship between lagged stock returns and current trading volume
Authors: Huang Jiayu , Wang Yifan , Fan Yaojun , Li Hexuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIs investor overconfidence a major source of stock‐market trading volume? This study refers to the work of Grossman and Odean, introduces the assumption of investor overconfidence and empirically examines the influence of investor overconfidence on market trading volume in China's A‐share market through a vector autoregressive model estimation and Granger causality test. We find that overconfidence and self‐attribution exist in China's A‐share market. When the market is on an upswing, investors attribute large returns to the accuracy of their private information and the quality of their investment abilities; thus they trade more frequently, causing trading volume to increase more quickly. Conversely, when the market is on a downswing, investors attribute their investment losses to uncontrollable external factors; thus they become unwilling to trade, causing trading volume to shrink rapidly.
Multidimensional screening and evaluation of morpho‐physiological indices for salinity stress tolerance in wheat
Authors: Quamruzzaman Md , Manik S. M. Nuruzzaman , Livermore Mark , Johnson Peter , Zhou Meixue , Shabala Sergey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil salinity is one of the major constraints to crop production worldwide. The multifaceted nature of salinity tolerance traits complicates plant screening and the identification of salt‐tolerant germplasm to be used for the genetic advancement of corps. Many screening criteria have been suggested to distinguish between genotypes. Most of these were applied under controlled environmental conditions and limited to one developmental stage of plants. As a result, most of the reported tolerance could not be validated under field conditions. This study employed a membership function value (MFV) to assess NaCl tolerance of eight wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes measured at germination, vegetative and reproductive stages, as an integrative tool for the overall plant performance. Salt stresses had an adverse effect on plant physiological (residual transpiration, stomatal density, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics; leaf N, Na+ and K+ content) and agronomical (plant height; biomass; root and tiller number; grain) characteristics. Based on this assessment, plants were divided into three contrasting groups: salt tolerant, moderately salt tolerant and salt sensitive. Although genotypes did not show the same degree of tolerance in germination, glasshouse and field experiments, the variety Yu‐07 showed consistently better performance in all trials, whilst Aus19720 was most sensitive in glasshouse and field experiments. These contrasting genotypes could be of a potential value for further studies to uncover the genetic mechanisms governing salt stress response in wheat.
Globalization, Corporate Finance, and the Cost of Capital
Authors: Stulz René M. 
Published: March 2022

International financial markets appear to be becoming a single huge, integrated, global capital market—a development that is contributing to higher stock prices in developed as well as developing economies. For companies large and visible enough to attract global investors, having a global shareholder base means having a lower cost of capital, and hence a greater equity value, for two main reasons:First, because the risks of equity are shared among more investors with different portfolio exposures and hence a different “appetite” for bearing certain risks, equity market risk premiums should fall for all companies in countries with access to global markets. Although the largest reductions in cost of capital resulting from globalization will be experienced by companies in liberalizing economies that are gaining access to the global markets for the first time, risk premiums can also be expected to fall for companies in long‐integrated markets as well.Second, when companies in countries with less‐developed capital markets raise capital in the public markets of countries (like the U.S.) with highly developed markets, they get more than lower‐cost capital; they also import at least aspects of the corporate governance systems that prevail in those markets. For companies accustomed to less‐developed markets, raising capital overseas is likely to mean that more sophisticated investors, armed with more advanced technologies, will participate in monitoring their performance and management. And in a virtuous cycle, more effective monitoring is expected to increase investor confidence in the future performance of those companies and so improve the terms on which they raise capital.Besides reducing market risk premiums and improving corporate governance, globalization also affects the systematic risk, or “beta,” of individual companies. In global markets, the beta of a firm's equity depends on how the stock contributes to the volatility not of the home market portfolio, but of the world market portfolio. For companies with access to global capital markets whose profitability is tied more closely to the local than to the global economy, use of the traditional Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) will overstate the cost of capital because risks that are not diversifiable within a national economy can be diversified by holding a global portfolio. Thus, to reflect the new reality of a globally determined cost of capital, all companies with access to global markets should consider using a global CAPM that views a company as part of the global portfolio of stocks.
Effectiveness of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on total and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in primary prevention: A nationwide study based on French Health Insurance Data (SNDS)
Authors: Oger Emmanuel , Kerbrat Sandrine , Nowak Emmanuel , Paillard François , Scarabin Pierre‐Yves , Happe André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) both inhibit the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) but have different sites of action. Whether clinically meaningful differences exist is still debated. The authors set up a population‐based nationwide retrospective cohort study with at least 5 years of follow‐up based on the comprehensive French Health Insurance Database linked to the French hospital discharge database. Patients aged 50 or above, identified as ARB or ACE inhibitor new users in 2009 (at least one delivery during the year and no such delivery in 2008) were eligible. Exclusion criteria included history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or chronic renal insufficiency. Main outcome measure was overall mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular deaths, major cardiovascular events, and major or other cardiovascular events. Out of 407 815 eligible patients, 233 682 (57%) were ARB users; two‐third had no previous exposure to antihypertensive drug. Based on propensity‐score based Cox model, ARB new user group had a better overall (HR: .878, 95%CI, .854 to .902), and cardiovascular (HR: .841, 95%CI, .800 to .84) survival and had a lower risk for major cardiovascular events (HR: .886, 95%CI, .868 to .905). Statistically significant quantitative interactions were detected with diabetes. Considering subgroup analyses, ARBs had a better survival than ACE inhibitors in nondiabetic patients.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus following COVID‐19 RNA‐based vaccine
Authors: Sakurai Kanako , Narita Daiki , Saito Naomi , Ueno Takayuki , Sato Ryota , Niitsuma Satsuki , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Arihara Zenei 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe epidemic of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is the major public health issue in the world. COVID‐19 vaccines are one of the most effective strategies against COVID‐19. Here we report a 36‐year‐old female patient who had thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, palpitations, loss of appetite, and fatigue 3 days after the first dose of COVID‐19 RNA‐based vaccines without a prior history of diabetes. Ten days after vaccination, she visited our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Hyperglycemia (501 mg/dL), anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonuria were observed. The glycated hemoglobin level was 7.0%. Islet‐related autoantibodies were all negative. The glucagon tolerance test revealed attenuated secretion of insulin. Human leukocyte antigen was haplotype DRB1*0405‐DQB1*0401, which was associated with type 1 diabetes in Japan. The present case suggests that COVID‐19 RNA‐based vaccines might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes, even in subjects without prior histories of diabetes.
Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is associated with the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in Chinese adults: A cross‐sectional REACTION study
Authors: Su Wanlu , Wang Jie , Yu Songyan , Chen Kang , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xuelei , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS‐IR) is a novel non‐insulin‐based metabolic index used as a substitution marker of insulin resistance. However, whether METS‐IR is associated with the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) is not well known. Therefore, we explored the associations between METS‐IR and UACR, and compared the discriminative ability of METS‐IR and its components for elevated UACR.Materials and MethodsThis study included 37,290 participants. METS‐IR was calculated as follows: (Ln[2 × fasting blood glucose + fasting triglyceride level] × body mass index) / (Ln [high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol]). Participants were divided into four groups on the basis of METS‐IR: <25%, 25–49%, 50–74% and ≥75%. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the associations between METS‐IR versus its components (fasting blood glucose, triglyceride level, body mass index and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) with UACR.ResultsParticipants with the highest quartile METS‐IR presented a more significant trend toward elevated UACR than toward its components (odds ratio 1.260, 95% confidence interval 1.152–1.378, P < 0.001 in all participants; odds ratio 1.321, 95% confidence interval 1.104–1.579, P = 0.002 in men; odds ratio 1.201, 95% confidence interval 1.083–1.330, P < 0.001 in women). There were significant associations between METS‐IR and UACR in younger participants (aged <65 years for women and aged 55–64 years for men). Increased METS‐IR was significantly associated with UACR in men with fasting blood glucose ≥5.6 or postprandial blood glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L and systolic blood pressure ≥120 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg. The relationships were significant in women with diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsIncreased METS‐IR was significantly associated with elevated UACR, its discriminative power for elevated UACR was superior to that of its components.
Incidence, prevalence and risk of acne in adolescent and adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a matched cohort study
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Nymand Lea K. , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Wu Jashin J. , Thomsen Simon Francis , Egeberg Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUse of Janus kinase 1 inhibitors in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with incident acne in adolescent and adults that is mostly mild, transient and treatable. There is a need for more knowledge about the risk and severity of acne in patients with AD.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence, incidence and risk of acne in adolescents and adults with AD using nationwide prescription data.MethodsA matched cohort study of 6600 adults with AD and 66 000 controls was conducted using routinely and prospectively collected nationwide administrative data. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe 12‐month prevalence of acne was 3.7% in the general population and 3.9% among AD patients. The incidence rate of acne was highest among 12‐ to 18‐year‐old AD patients, and overall slightly higher in women with AD compared with males. The overall risk in patients with AD was similar with that of the general population (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.88–1.06), whereas the risk of being treated for severe acne was reduced in AD patients (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.47–0.73) and mainly among adolescents and young adults. The HR of acne increased with age reaching 1.41 (95% CI 1.07–1.87) for ages 30–39 years, and 2.07 (95% CI 1.42–3.03) for patients ≥40 years compared with controls.ConclusionsThe risk and severity of acne in AD patients change with age and sex, which may be used for the risk assessment of acne following treatment with Janus kinase 1 inhibitors.
Nationwide epidemiological survey of immunoglobulin G4‐related disease with malignancy in Japan
Authors: Sumimoto Kimi , Uchida Kazushige , Ikeura Tsukasa , Hirano Kenji , Yamamoto Motohisa , Takahashi Hiroki , Nishino Takayoshi , Mizushima Ichiro , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Kamisawa Terumi , Saeki Takako , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Ushijima Tomoyuki , Shiokawa Masahiro , Seno Hiroshi , Goto Hiroshi , Nakamura Seiji , Okazaki Kazuichi ,   The Research Committee for an Intractable Disease of IgG4‐related disease
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTo clarify the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) with malignancy, a nationwide epidemiological survey was conducted.MethodsImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease patients with malignancy who had visited selected hospitals in Japan were surveyed. The study consisted of two stages: the number of IgG4‐RD patients with malignancy was estimated by the first questionnaire and their clinicoepidemiological characteristics were assessed by the second questionnaire.ResultsThe frequencies of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), IgG4‐related sialadenitis, IgG4‐related eye disease, IgG4‐related kidney disease, and IgG4‐related retroperitoneal fibrosis were 44.7%, 20.8%, 14.0%, 5.16%, and 5.12%, respectively. The overall prevalence of malignant disease in IgG4‐RD cases was estimated to be 10 900 per 100 000 cases, which was significantly higher than that of malignant disease in the general population. The prevalence of malignant lymphoma in IgG4‐RD cases was the highest and was estimated to be 1985 per 100 000 cases. IgG4‐related kidney disease had the highest frequency of malignant disease (17.1%). In data from 200 patients, 61 (30.5%) cases of cancer were found 2 years or more before the IgG4‐RD diagnosis, 92 cases (46%) during the 1 year preceding or following IgG4‐RD diagnosis, and 62 cases of cancer (31%) 2 or more years following IgG4‐RD diagnosis.ConclusionsThe nationwide survey for IgG4‐RD with malignancy in Japan showed that IgG4‐RD may be related with malignant diseases.
Antimicrobial resistance profile of gram‐positive isolates belonging to the microbiota of non‐human primates
Authors: Zaniolo Melissa M. , Santos Isabela C. , Bondezan Maria Augusta D. , Fazoli Kawany G. Z. , Tramontin Rafael S. , Onaca Flávia M. T. , Silva Lucas L. , Pachaly Evandra M. V. , Pachaly José R. , Barbosa Lidiane N. , Gonçalves Daniela Dib 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to identify gram‐positive bacteria and their respective resistance profiles of free‐living capuchin monkeys.MethodsFor this, 15Sapajus nigrituswere captured in a municipal urban park in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, and under pharmacological restraint, samples were collected with sterile swabs from the oral, rectal, ocular, nasal, and auricular regions. After isolation of the 22 gram‐positive bacteria, each isolate was subjected to the catalase and coagulase tests for presumptive identification. Subsequently, phenotypic tests for bacterial resistance were performed using the agar diffusion disc method. The samples resistant to oxacillin were submitted to the PCR technique to search for themecA gene.ResultsOf the 22 gram‐positive cocci of these two (9.09%) areStreptococcusspp. and twenty (90.91%)Staphylococcusspp. AmongStaphylococcusspp. three (13.64%) were coagulate‐negative (CoNS) and seventeen (86.36%) coagulate‐positive (CoPS). Of the antimicrobials tested, enrofloxacin had the best performance, with only one (04.54%) isolate resistant to it, on the other hand, the antimicrobials with the lowest performance were cefotaxime and penicillin with 19 (82.36%) and 18 (81.81%) resistant isolates, respectively. Only five isolates had MAR less than 0.2, being one ocular, one oral, and three nasal, they had multiple resistance index varied between 0.07 and 0.92, with an average of 0.45 and a mode of 0.3. Among the samples with the highest resistance index, a positive coagulaseStaphylococcusstood out, being intermediate to gentamicin and resistant to other antibiotics and an intermediate streptococcus to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and resistant to other antibiotics. No sample was positive tomecA gene.ConclusionsFuture studies should be conducted to identify theStaphylococcusspecies, the high rate of antimicrobial resistance of the monkeys in this study suggests that Grooming's behavior may be contributing to the sharing of the resistant microorganism among the members of this group of primates.