bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lived-Experience of Women’s Well-Being in the Cyclone Shelters of Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tazrina Jahan , Arbon Paul , Gebbie Kristine , Muller Robert , Kako Mayumi , Steenkamp Malinda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBangladesh is repeatedly threatened by tropical storms and cyclones, exposing one-third of the total population of the country. As a preparedness measure, several cyclone shelters have been constructed, yet a large proportion of the coastal population, especially women, are unwilling to use them. Existing studies have demonstrated a range of concerns that discourage women from evacuating and have explored the limitations of the shelters, but the experiences of female evacuees have not been apparent in these stories. This study explores the lived-experiences of women in the cyclone shelters of Bangladesh and discusses their health and well-being as evacuees in the shelters. Nineteen women from three extremely vulnerable districts of coastal Bangladesh were interviewed. Seven research themes were identified from the participants’ narratives using van Manen’s thematic analysis process. The most salient theme, being understood (as a woman), portrayed the quintessential image of these women, which subsequently influenced their vulnerability as evacuees. The next themes–being a woman during crisis, being in a hostile situation, being fearful, being uncertain, being faithful, and being against the odds–focused on the incidents they lived through which affected their physical and mental health and the emotions they felt as evacuees. The paper offers a deep inquiry into women’s experiences of well-being in the shelters and recognizes the significance of women’s voices to improve their experiences as evacuees.
Opioid Prescription Dispensing Patterns in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Real-World Evidence from the IBM Market Scan Research Databases
Authors: Roy Brittany D. , Li Jianheng , Lally Cathy , Akerman Sarah C. , Sullivan Maria A. , Fratantonio James , Flanders William Dana , Wenten Made 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivePrescription opioid dispensing patterns over time were assessed for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) vs matched controls.MethodsHealth insurance claims data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database and Multi-State Medicaid Database were analyzed. Individuals aged 18 to 64 with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient claims for BD during the year preceding the analysis year (2015-2019) were included, with age- and sex-matched controls. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Opioid dispensing during each analysis year was defined as either chronic (coverage for ≥70 days in any 90-day period, or ≥6 prescriptions dispensed during analysis year) or nonchronic (≥1 prescription dispensed, not meeting chronic definition).ResultsBD patients had a higher prevalence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities, including pain diagnoses, vs controls. Among patients with BD in the Commercial database, chronic opioid dispensing decreased from 11% (controls: 3%) in 2015 to 6% (controls: 2%) in 2019, and in the Medicaid database, from 27% (controls: 12%) to 12% (controls: 5%). Among patients with BD in the Commercial database, nonchronic dispensing decreased from 26% (controls: 17%) in 2015 to 20% (controls: 12%) in 2019, and from 32% (controls: 26%) to 25% (controls: 14%) in the Medicaid database.ConclusionBetween 2015 and 2019, there was a significant decrease in chronic and nonchronic prescription opioid dispensing among BD patients and controls across both the Commercial and Medicaid databases. Despite this finding, it is important to note that both chronic and nonchronic opioid dispensing was consistently higher for BD patients vs controls over time, across both databases.FundingAlkermes, Inc.
Outcomes from Engagement and Use of a Prescription Digital Therapeutic to Treat Opioid Use Disorder: A Real-World Pilot Study
Authors: Rozycki Steven C. , Xiong Xiaorui , Walter Paul , Wright Jessica , Luderer Hilary F. , Braun Stephen , Maricich Yuri A. , Purvis James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe opioid epidemic in the United States is getting worse: in 2020 opioid overdose deaths hit an all-time high of 92,183. This underscored the need for more effective and readily available treatments for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). Prescription digital therapeutics (PDTs) are FDA-authorized treatments delivered via mobile devices (eg, smartphones). A real-world pilot study was conducted in an outpatient addiction treatment program to evaluate patient engagement and use of a PDT for patients with OUD. The objective was to assess the ability of the PDT to improve engagement and care for patients receiving buprenorphine medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD).MethodsPatients with OUD treated at an ambulatory addiction treatment clinic were invited to participate in the pilot. The reSET-O PDT is comprised of 31 core therapy lessons plus 36 supplementary lessons, plus contingency management rewards. Patients were asked to complete at least 4 lessons per week, for 12-weeks. Engagement and use data were collected via the PDT and rates of emergency room data were obtained from patient medical records. Data were compared to a similar group of 158 OUD patients treated at the same clinic who did not use the PDT. Abstinence data were obtained from deidentified medical records.ResultsPilot participants (N = 40) completed a median of 24 lessons: 73.2% completed at least 8 lessons and 42.5% completed all 31 core lessons. Pilot participants had significantly higher rates of abstinence from opioids in the 30 days prior to discharge from the program than the comparison group: 77.5% vs 51.9% (P < .01). Clinician-reported treatment retention for pilot participants vs the comparison group was 100% vs 70.9% 30 days after treatment initiation (P < .01), 87.5% vs 55.1% at 90 days post-initiation (P < .01), and 45.0% vs 38.6% at 180 days post-initiation (P = .46). Emergency room visits within 90 days of discharge from the addiction program were significantly reduced in pilot participants compared to the comparison group (17.3% vs 31.7%, P < .01).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate substantial engagement with a PDT in a real-world population of patients with OUD being treated with buprenorphine. Abstinence and retention outcomes were high compared to patients not using the PDT. These results demonstrate the potential value of PDTs to improve outcomes among patients with OUD, a population for which a significant need for improved treatments exists.FundingTrinity Health Innovation and Pear Therapeutics Inc.
Understanding Why Muscarinic Receptor Agonists Have Antipsychotic Properties
Authors: Weiden Peter J. , Yohn Samantha , Felder Christian C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAll current antipsychotics have direct dopamine (DA) D2 receptor activity, which is associated with problems such as dysphoria, EPS, or prolactin elevation. Muscarinic receptor agonists have shown antipsychotic-like activity across preclinical models and clinical trials. This poster reviews preclinical evidence as to how muscarinic receptor agonists, such as the M1/M4 preferring agonist xanomeline, might have clinically relevant antipsychotic effects.ObjectivesHighlight the novel mechanisms through which muscarinic receptor agonists are associated with antipsychotic effects without having any direct dopaminergic D2 receptor activity.Key PointsThe muscarinic receptor family is composed of 5 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). One of the leading hypotheses explaining the antipsychotic activity of muscarinic receptor agonists is preclinical studies of muscarinic receptor modulation of those DA circuits associated with psychosis. Both M1 and M4 receptors are expressed in DA neural circuits implicated in psychosis, and provide unique regulation of these circuits. Xanomeline has both functional M1 and M4 receptor agonist activity, and shows robust antipsychotic-like effects in several animal models that require the presence of functional M1 and M4 receptors. M4 receptors are autoreceptors on cholinergic neurons that regulate DA circuits in two locations: ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Cholinergic-rich neurons from the hindbrain at the VTA, where they release acetylcholine (ACh) into DA-rich synaptic spaces. M4 autoreceptors are present on these neurons, and their activation reduces ACh release and lowers ambient synaptic ACh concentrations, leading to reduced DA cell firing. Cholinergic interneurons residing in the NAc also express M4 autoreceptors. These ACh interneurons regulate ACh release with M4 activation also turning off ACh release. Therefore, M4 receptors serve as DA regulators at VTA and NAc, both key sites for dopamine’s role in psychotic processes. M1 receptors regulate DA circuits in a different, “top down” manner. M1 receptors are found on cortical inhibitory interneurons. When activated, inhibitory drive onto excitatory output neurons is enhanced, which leads to reduced excitatory tone to VTA DA neurons.SummaryOver the last 25 years, a growing body of evidence has shown potential for muscarinic receptor agonists to become a new class of medicines with potent antipsychotic activity. Preclinical data at micro-and macro-circuit levels suggest that the M1 and M4 receptor subtypes are most relevant in the regulation of DA circuits. The antipsychotic effects of muscarinic agonists effects may arise from influencing these key muscarinic receptor subtypes that are integral to the regulation of DA neural circuits. In summary, there has been great progress in understanding the potential for muscarinic receptor agonists for the treatment of psychosis.FundingKaruna Therapeutics
Voice your values, a tailored advance care planning intervention in persons living with mild dementia: A pilot study
Authors: Vellani Shirin , Puts Martine , Iaboni Andrea , McGilton Katherine S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the early stage of dementia, persons living with dementia (PLwD) can identify their values and wishes for future care with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. However, there is a paucity of research to guide best practices on how best to incorporate advance care planning (ACP) in older adults diagnosed with mild dementia and therefore only a minority of these individuals participate in any ACP discussions. We developed an intervention called Voice Your Values (VYV) that healthcare professionals can implement to identify and document the values of PLwD and their trusted individuals such as friends or family.PurposeThis single-group pre-test and post-test design aimed to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the VYV intervention.MethodsA convenience sample of 21 dyads of PLwD and their trusted individuals were recruited from five outpatient geriatric clinics. The tailored VYV intervention was delivered to the dyads over two sessions using videoconferencing.ResultsIn terms of feasibility, the recruitment rate was lower (52%) than the expected 60%; the retention rate was high at 94%, and the intervention fidelity was high based on the audit of 20% of the sessions. In terms of preliminary efficacy, PLwD demonstrated improvement in ACP engagement (p = <0.01); trusted individuals showed improvements in decision-making confidence (p = 0.01) and psychological distress (p = 0.02); whereas a minimal change was noted in their dementia knowledge (p = 0.22).ConclusionMost of the feasibility parameters were met. A larger sample along with a control group, as well as a longitudinal study, are requisite to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of the promising VYV intervention. There is emerging evidence that people living with mild dementia can effectively participate in identifying and expressing their values and wishes for future care.
An Entropy Framework for Evaluating Reflectance Observations for Climate Studies
Authors: Shea Yolanda L. , Lukashin Constantine , Liu Xu , Feldman Daniel R. , Pilewskie Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the comparative entropy represented in shortwave (300–1,750 nm) passive remote sensing measurements from conceptual instruments with varying systematic measurement uncertainties and spectral resolutions. The focus was on spectral and broadband reflectance averaged over large spatial scales typically relevant for climate change studies. Information theory was applied to quantify how the normalized Shannon entropy changed for different conceptual instruments and over different spatial scales. Reflectance measurements from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) were used to represent the observed reflectance, and simulated reflectance from climate Observing System Simulations Experiments (OSSEs) were used to represent decadal‐ and centennial‐length data sets free from instrument artifacts. Similar to previous studies, the simulated OSSE spectra were shown to be a sufficient proxy for the observed reflectance. As hypothesized, the normalized entropy decreased with increasing measurement uncertainty and increasing spectral bandwidth. Additionally, the entropy decreased for increasingly large spatial scales, particularly for measurement uncertainties larger than 2%. When applied to OSSE reflectance simulated from a forced CMIP3 climate model simulation, the change in entropy with measurement uncertainty and spectral resolution provided insight into measurement attributes needed to monitor a changing climate system and highlighted the importance of sufficiently high accuracy and spectral resolution for detecting and attributing climate trends. These preliminary studies illustrate the value of this information theory‐based framework in instrument design by calculating the entropy, used to represent information in measurements from different conceptual instruments.
Metabolism and Soil Water Viscosity Control Diel Patterns of Nitrate and DOC in a Low Order Temperate Stream
Authors: Oviedo‐Vargas Diana , Peipoch Marc , Dow Charles 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated diel dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) dynamics in White Clay Creek, a third‐order stream in Pennsylvania, USA. High‐frequency DOC and NO3− concentrations were modeled from absorbance spectra collected with a deployable spectrophotometer. Periodicities of 24 hr in solute concentrations and streamflow were frequent throughout the year. To test potential drivers of diel oscillations, we focused on five periods with at least 5 days of clear diel changes that were not drastically influenced by high‐flow events. Maxima and minima of the diel variation in solute concentrations, and significant correlations between their daily amplitude and gross primary production (GPP) indicate that stream metabolism was the major driver diel oscillations in April (r = 0.86 and −0.87 for GPP vs. DOC and NO3−, respectively) and May (r = 0.86 and −0.90 for GPP vs. DOC and NO3−, respectively). In summer, drivers of daily oscillations of DOC and NO3− were unclear but likely influenced by stream metabolism. In winter, we observed no correlation between GPP and amplitude of daily concentration change, instead streamflow was the dominant driver via the viscosity effect (r = −0.92 and 0.89 for streamflow vs. DOC and NO3− respectively). As the hydraulic conductivity of the riparian soil increased throughout the daytime, the contribution of DOC‐rich and NO3−‐poor soil water to the stream relative to groundwater also increased. Results from this work highlight that watershed processes influence stream solutes on widely variable time scales, ranging from hours to centuries; and that underlying controls depend highly on seasonality.
Newly Digitized Data From Scandinavian Magnetometer Array Network Shows Large Regional Differences in Magnetic Environment
Authors: Kärhä O. , Tanskanen E. I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) took place from 1977 to 1979. An objective was to study the magnetosphere at different heights on the Earth and in space simultaneously. The Scandinavian Magnetometer Array (SMA), where a dense magnetometer array was placed in the northern part of Scandinavia, was part of the IMS. This array extended 1,570 km in north‐south and 1,290 km in east‐west directions. The SMA‐magnetometers contained a camera with 35 mm film and three wire‐suspended magnets. These instruments recorded the movement of the magnets optically on the film. The usability of the SMA data has been limited by time‐consuming digitization by hand. Thus, most of the recordings has been left nondigitized and unstudied. We have developed a method, named DigiMAG, to digitize the SMA recordings by using a custom‐built device. This article presents the high‐latitude dynamics of the strongest magnetic storm in 1977 between October 26 and 30. We analyze newly digitized data from Rostadalen (ROS), Evenes (EVE), Ritsemjokk (RIJ), and Kiruna (KIR) stations for the three storm‐time substorms on October 26–29, 1977. The results show that in the vicinity of the 65° latitude, the storm‐time differences of horizontal magnetic components can exceed 500 nT. During the recovery phase of a substorm, 2.8 nT km−1 difference arises over a distance of 167 km between the H‐component time derivatives of ROS and RIJ stations in 3 minutes.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives
Authors: Fan Yao , Li Xiang , Zhang Lei , Wan Shu , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one of which is the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The Omicron variant is the most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility and immune evasion ability have raised global concerns. Owing to its enhanced transmissibility, Omicron has rapidly replaced Delta as the dominant variant in several regions. However, recent studies have shown that the Omicron variant exhibits reduced pathogenicity due to altered cell tropism. In addition, Omicron exhibits significant resistance to the neutralizing activity of vaccines, convalescent serum, and most antibody therapies. In the present review, recent advances in the molecular and clinical characteristics of the infectivity, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of Omicron variant was summarized, and potential therapeutic applications in response to Omicron infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted potential response to future waves and strategies to end the pandemic.
Different responses to risperidone treatment in Schizophrenia: a multicenter genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing joint study
Authors: Zhao Mingzhe , Ma Jingsong , Li Mo , Zhu Wenli , Zhou Wei , Shen Lu , Wu Hao , Zhang Na , Wu Shaochang , Fu Chunpeng , Li Xianxi , Yang Ke , Tang Tiancheng , Shen Ruoxi , He Lin , Huai Cong , Qin Shengying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRisperidone is routinely used in the clinical management of schizophrenia, but the treatment response is highly variable among different patients. The genetic underpinnings of the treatment response are not well understood. We performed a pharmacogenomic study of the treatment response to risperidone in patients with schizophrenia by using a SNP microarray -based genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES)-based GWAS. DNA samples were collected from 189 patients for the GWAS and from 222 patients for the WES after quality control in multiple centers of China. Antipsychotic response phenotypes of patients who received eight weeks of risperidone treatment were quantified with percentage change on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The GWAS revealed a significant association between several SNPs and treatment response, such as three GRM7 SNPs (rs141134664, rs57521140, and rs73809055). Gene-based analysis in WES revealed 13 genes that were associated with antipsychotic response, such as GPR12 and MAP2K3. We did not identify shared loci or genes between GWAS and WES, but association signals tended to cluster into the GPCR gene family and GPCR signaling pathway, which may play an important role in the treatment response etiology. This study may provide a research paradigm for pharmacogenomic research, and these data provide a promising illustration of our potential to identify genetic variants underlying antipsychotic responses and may ultimately facilitate precision medicine in schizophrenia.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma hidden within cancer of unknown primary
Authors: Conway Alicia-Marie , Morris Georgina C. , Smith Sarah , Vekeria Monique , Manoharan Prakash , Mitchell Claire , Backen Alison , Oliveira Pedro , Hubner Richard A. , Lamarca Angela , McNamara Mairéad G. , Valle Juan W. , Cook Natalie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Many patients referred with a provisional diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary (pCUP) present with presumed metastatic disease to the liver. Due to the lack of definitive histological markers, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) may be overlooked. This study assessed the frequency of iCCA within a pCUP cohort.

Methods
A single UK cancer-center study of sequential patients referred with pCUP from January 2017 to April 2020. Baseline diagnostic imaging was reviewed independently by a radiologist and oncologist; those with radiological features of iCCA (dominant liver lesion, capsular retraction) were identified.

Results
Of 228 patients referred with pCUP, 72 (32%) had malignancy involving the liver. 24/72 patients had radiological features consistent with iCCA; they were predominantly female (75%) with an average age of 63 years and 63% had an ECOG PS ≤ 2. The median overall survival (OS) of the iCCA group and the remaining liver-involved CUP group were similar (OS 4.1 vs 4.4 months, p-value = 0.805). Patients, where a primary diagnosis was subsequently determined, had better OS (10.2 months, p-values: iCCA = 0.0279: cCUP = 0.0230).

Conclusions
In this study, 34% of patients with liver-involved pCUP, fulfilled the radiological criteria for an iCCA diagnosis. Consideration of an iCCA diagnosis in patients with CUP could improve timely diagnosis, molecular characterisation and treatment.
The car tank lid bacteriome: a reservoir of bacteria with potential in bioremediation of fuel
Authors: Vidal-Verdú Àngela , Gómez-Martínez Daniela , Latorre-Pérez Adriel , Peretó Juli , Porcar Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBioprospecting of microorganisms suitable for bioremediation of fuel or oil spills is often carried out in contaminated environments such as gas stations or polluted coastal areas. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) we analyzed the microbiota thriving below the lids of the fuel deposits of diesel and gasoline cars. The microbiome colonizing the tank lids differed from the diversity found in other hydrocarbon-polluted environments, with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum and without clear differences between gasoline or diesel-fueled vehicles. We observed differential growth when samples were inoculated in cultures with gasoline or diesel as the main carbon source, as well as an increase in the relative abundance of the genus Pseudomonas in diesel. A collection of culturable strains was established, mostly Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus genera. Strains belonging to Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, and Isoptericola genera showed a clear diesel degradation pattern when analyzed by GC-MS, suggesting their potential use for bioremediation and a possible new species of Isoptericola was further characterized as hydrocarbon degrader.