P337 Species distribution and biofilm profile of Candida isolated from clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Samaddar Arghadip , Tendolkar Uma , Baveja Sujata 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

Introduction
The epidemiology of invasive candidiasis (IC) is dynamically changing, given the increasing population of susceptible hosts, use of indwelling medical devices (IMD), and environmental factors. The presence of an IMD is one of the most important risk factors for persistent infection due to the possibility of biofilm formation. The biofilm cells are significantly less susceptible to antifungal drugs and are able to evade the host immune system, serving as a nidus for reinfections.

Objectives

Methods
A total of 100 Candida isolates from patients with suspected invasive candidiasis were tested for the production of biofilm. Based on clinical history, 62% of the isolates were found to be clinically significant, while 38% represented commensals or colonizers. Species identification was done on the basis of germ tube test, CHROMagar, Dalmau plate technique, and carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation tests, and VITEK 2. Four isolates that failed to be identified by conventional methods were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS. Biofilm production was detected and graded by visual (test tube) and spectrophotometric (microtiter plate) methods.

Results
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) were the predominant clinically relevant isolates recovered from cases of IC (71%), while C. albicans was most commonly associated with colonization (68.4%). Among the NAC isolates, C. tropicalis was the most common isolate (23%) followed by C. glabrata (11%), C. krusei (8%), C. parapsilosis (6%), C. lusitaniae (2%), C. kefyr (2%), C. rugosa (2%), C. guilliermondii (1%), and C. famata (1%) (Fig. 1). A total of 55% of the Candida isolates produced biofilm. Biofilm positivity in clinically relevant isolates was found to be significantly higher than commensals/colonizers (P &lt;.05). Biofilm positive Candida spp. were most commonly isolated from urine (84.6%) followed by blood (67.8%). Biofilm production by NAC (69%) was found to be significantly higher than C. albicans (31%) (P &lt;.05). Majority of the biofilm positive isolates produced Grade 2 (moderate) biofilm (36.4%). C. tropicalis accounted for maximum biofilm production comprising 20% of Grade 4, 53.8% of Grade 3, and 50% of Grade 2 biofilm (Fig. 2). There was 72.7% concordance between the two methods in grading of biofilm. Spectrophotometric method was found to be more sensitive than a visual method for the detection of biofilm.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated a paradigm shift from C. albicans to NAC with the isolation of C. tropicalis from a large number of cases, highlighting the growing importance of this pathogen. The knowledge about local epidemiological trends of Candida spp. is important to guide therapeutic choices. Moreover, clinically relevant Candida spp. were found to possess a greater ability to produce biofilms than commensals or colonizers. These findings are unique as previous studies haven't differentiated between biofilms formed by commensal Candida populations and those related to infections. This study highlights that biofilm production should be considered a relevant biologic variable while treating patients with invasive candidiasis, particularly those who fail to respond to antifungal therapy.