bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Numerical Flow3d Software and Laboratory Data, For Sediment Incipient Motion.
Authors: Kosaj Rasool , Alboresha Rafid S , Sulaiman Sadeq O 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the laboratory data were compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Flow3D for predicting the beginning of sediment incipient motion in rigid boundary channel for two types of sands, irrigation, and sewer types, in rectangular flume (0.5*0.5)mcross-section. Tests were made for soil samples with different diameters, specific weights. The testing was performed in slopes ranging from 0.001-0.003 for irrigation types and 0.0025-0.025 for sewer types depending on the original parameter. The Flow-3D software has simulated the laboratory work using scouring models MPM and Nielsen. the relation between sediment incipient motion velocity, particle size, and channel bed slope was predicted. The results were relatively more than laboratory data for the MPM model, while grating convergence for Nielsen model, especially for small diameter sediment. Also, the laboratory results are more close to the results of Flow3D using the Nielsen model when the value of bed slope of the channel is greater, and vice versa when the slope decreases.
The Effect of Cow Dung Ash as A Filler on The Mechanical Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Abdulrasool Abdulrasool Thamer , Kadhim Yasir N. , Mohammad Hussain Wail Asim , Kashesh Ghazi Jalal , Abdulhussein Hayder Adnan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Highway pavements are being exposed to increasing traffic loads and severe environmental conditions, resulting in reduced service life. A lot of studies have been conducted to modify asphalt by using different materials, especially to replace the ordinary filler. Because the behaviour of the hot asphalt mix is influenced by the fillers. The use of unusual materials as fillers in asphalt mixes can help to improve the mix’s characteristics. As a result, this study uses cow dung ash materials with various replacement ratios as fillers to investigate the mechanical properties of asphalt. In the asphalt mix, a replacement percentage of limestone (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) was utilized. After that, various tests were performed such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, voids in mineral aggregate, theoretical maximum specific gravity, air voids. The results revealed a significant improvement in the asphalt mix’s behaviour, as well as an increase in the replacement percentage. According to the findings, the 50% replacement rate has the highest Marshall stability which is equal to 11.11 with a 33.5% rise and the lowest flow of 3 with a 17.83% decrease when compared to the reference mix. As a result, cow dung ash can be used as a filler to modify the mechanical properties of the asphalt mix.
Effect of partial replacement of fine aggregate by internal curing materials on mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: Abdulrasool Abdulrasool Thamer , Rasheed Laith Sh. , Ridha Mahmmod Laith Mohammed , Mohammed Safaa S. , Kadhim Noor R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInternal curing has long been utilized to decrease self-shrinkage and consequently the increased danger of concrete cracking prematurely. The measured mechanical characteristics of concrete were studied in five mixes, both with and without internal curing. Two of these mixtures have a 10% replacement rate, with one using ceramic and the other Attapulgite, while the other two have a 20% replacement, with one using ceramic and the other using Attapulgite, and the fifth is a reference mixture with no replacement for comparative reasons. With an increase of 27.93%, the ceramic combination with a 20% replacement rate is judged to have the highest compressive resistance, followed by the Attapulgite mixture with a 20% replacement rate with an increase of 34.2%. The results showed that the ceramic and Attapulgite internal curing purposes were highly effective, especially with a 20% replacement. The use of crushed ceramics and attapulgite as internal curing materials improves the characteristics of concrete.
Removing The Acid Orange 12 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Sodium Hypochlorite, A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Hameed A. B. , Dekhyl A. B. , Sh. Alabdraba W. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of using sodium hypochlorite as an advanced oxidation process to remove Acid Orange 12 azo dye from wastewater. For this purpose, batch reactor experiments were done. Several variables to address the efficiency of using this process were considered. These variables are initial pH (5, 7, and 9), the concentration of hypochlorite (50 – 250 mg/l), temperature (20-50) degrees Celsius, and time of electrolysis (1-75) min. also investigate the effects of UV on the process was done. Experimental results showed that the color removal efficiency using NaOCl with UV is more effective than NaOCl alone. The highest removal efficiency was obtained by increasing the concentration of NaOCl from (50-250mg/l) at PH=5. When the solution temperature was increased from (20-50) °C, the removal efficiency increased, and at the same time, the time required was reduced from (20-5) minutes to obtain the highest removal efficiency. The kinetic study also showed that the oxidation process follows a second-order reaction. The thermodynamic functions indicate that the response is spontaneous, endothermic, and increases randomness.
Optimizing Coating Thickness of Electrophoretic Deposition Overlay on Plasma Sprayed YSZ Coating Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Abbas Ruqayah A. , Ajeel Sami A. , Ali Bash Maryam A. , Kadhim Mohammed J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, nano sized yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) suspension in organic solution was deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method as a protective layer on substrate that was previously plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBCs). In order to improve the performance of TBC from degradation by melt ingression of fuel impurities. Design of experiments (DOE) by Taguchi method was used to optimize the controlled variables of EPD process. A crack free YSZ overlay coating was carried out at different variables; applied voltage (20, 40, 60) V, deposition time (3, 5, 7) min and suspension concentration (5, 10, 15) g/l using DC current. Morphological appearance and cross section of the investigated coating specimen were done using optical and field emission scanning electron microscope. Optimizing process and analysis of variances (ANOVA) were performed by “Minitab 18” software. The results indicate that best condition of coating thickness can be obtained at 40V, 5min and 10g/l when applying signal-to-noise ratio “Larger is better”.
Numerical Performance of Energy Dissipation Slotted Plate for Bridge Unseating Prevention
Authors: Hamzah Mustafa Kareem , Hejazi Farzad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, the bridge unseating prevention devices are widely used in active seismic zones. These devices are stiffness dependant, velocity dependant and energy dissipation devices. The energy dissipation devices are designed to overcome the energy that transfers from bridge substructure to superstructure. However, the current devices are not controlled to function with different ground motion intensities and should be replaced after yielding. Therefore, this research introduced a slotted plate energy dissipation device with three parts, each part function in known deformation range. The slotted plate behavior has been evaluated numerically by finite element method. Displacement control and load control analysis has been done, and then the effect of steel grade is studied to predict the suitable steel properties for designing the plate. Moreover, the slotted plate behavior is applied in 3D bridge seismic analysis to assess the multi-level performance and the ability to overcome the seismic effect on the bridge in longitudinal direction. The results approved the capability of the plate to dissipate energy in multi-stage of deformation. The lower steel grade is suitable for low to moderate earthquake zone and the high grade can be used in severe ground motion areas. Furthermore, the bridge longitudinal behavior has enhanced with different steel grades of the slotted plate.
Soil Quality Assessment Using Geomatics Techniques For The Garraf River Basin
Authors: Daoud Al-Shuwaili Jaafar Naji , Al-Shamri Hussein Musa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Overview of assessment in geographical areas (GIS) and model reviews, positioning (GNSS), positioning, this study was conducted for the purpose of estimating the soil quality of the Gharat River Basin in the north of Dhi Qar Governorate using geomatics techniques represented by geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and positioning systems (GNSS). Which is about (90 km) from the city center. In nature soils and the correlation (B / C) reached (R2 = 0.907) for sand, while the clay was correlation with the range (B / R) and it was (R2 = 0.763) in While the correlation between the silt and the band (B/R) was recorded (R2 = 0.730), the ph record (7.8-8.42) as it was classified as a neutral slant to the basal and it was clear from the statistical analysis that there is a relationship with the range (C / B) as it reached (R2 = 0.583). The results showed a decrease in the values of soil samples between (0.2 - 1.7%) and the results of the analysis. 0.114% -0.197%) and the results of the statistical analysis showed the correlation of the range (C/NIR) and gypsum with a correlation value of (R2 = 0.686) in the proportion of lime ranged between (64.5% -21.5%) and the statistical analysis showed a correlation between calcium carbonate and the relativity of the range (C / NIR) as recorded (R2 = 0.513), the results of the analysis of samples from the study samples ranged between (26.86-395.55), and through the statistical analysis it was found that there is a relationship between the rate of sodium adsorption and the ratio of the bandwidth of the satellite visual correlation amounted to (R2 = 0.736), and it ranged The electrical conductivity values for the soils of the study area (5.79 -44.2 dS.m¯1) and it was a correlation (G / R) and the correlation value was (R2 = 0.602), the calcium values in the area. The study ranged between (400-1944 ppm) and the correlation numbering (R2 = 0.640) and the rates of magnesium in the study table ranged, the correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.602), the sodium record between (50-1307 ppm) and the correlation range was (C / NIR) ) Correlation coefficient reached (R2 = 0.920), calcium carbonate ratios were found in the study stations (64.5% -21.5%) and its ratio reached with the range (C / NIR) as the proportion of gypsum in the region was calculated. The correlation coefficient of gypsum and range (C / NIR) was calculated) where it reached (R2 = 0.686), the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated and meals were between (26.86-395.5) and there was an association with the range (B / R + NIR) as it was recorded (R2 = 0.737)
Development Importance of The Regional Development Program (Comparative Study Between Babylon and Maysan Provinces For 2019)
Authors: Alshadidi H A S , Aldabiwee N S H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this research, the relationship between the regional development program and achieving spatial development goals (a comparative study between Babylon and Maysan provinces for 2019) will be discussed, as well as the factors that lead to a kind of moderation in the development of the provinces, and whether these factors help to distribute the spatial budget between administrative units, based on the application of development fundamentals and in accordance with planning standards in order to achieve the development goals of the regional program. Distributed (100) forms divided into (n=50 samples of executives and administrators from Babylon province, n=50 samples of executives and administrators from Maysan province) who are employees working in different administrative units in both provinces. Applied the statistical package program for social sciences( statistical package for social science(SPSS) v.2 Through it, the link tool was used Correlation In applying this questionnaire, it was found that there is a correlation between the dimensions of the predictive variable program of the development of the regions and they are (institutional dimension, economic dimension, urban social dimension, environmental dimension), and also that there is a correlation between the dimensions of the predictive variable program of regional development and (spatial dimension) of the variable achieving the objectives of spatial development for the province of Babylon and Maysan. Based on the above, we have found that the improvement in the dimensions of the predictive variable program of the development of the provinces leads to the achievement of the objectives of spatial development and in accordance with the planning standards of the province of Babylon and Maysan, either weakness in the axes or dimensions of the predictive variable leads to weakness or failure to achieve development goals in the provinces of Babylon and Maysan.
Technologies Of Sustainability in Large Banks Buildings
Authors: Ayead Maab Hisham , Al-Tameemi Osamah Abdulmunem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Achieving energy efficiency is a very important step of applying the concepts of sustainability, this will reduce the financial costs that coming from energy consumption for the purposes of operating HVAC system so this concept will give a great effect on the environment and the economic aspects. Bank buildings are represented of the financial strength of the country, as they have a strong and direct impact on the reality of society and urban reality, and these buildings often consume a large amount of energy for cooling and heating purposes in the hot and dry climate of Iraq, so the research problem is focus on the knowledge deficiency of the importance of the role of technologies of sustainability in advancing the banking work at the design and performance level.
Therefore, the aim of research was to find the knowledge aspects of designing the external envelope of the banking building in a sustainable manner that contributes to achieving energy efficiency and reducing the negative impact of banking buildings on the environment, as a result technique of sustainability and technological developments have led to the change and innovation in designing an advanced environment in banking buildings, such as achieving communication in the work environment in addition to providing comfort to the occupants in it, and this will lead to improved performance and production.
Collective space on residential as a resilience measure to disaster mitigation earthquakes and liquefaction
Authors: Mulyati A , Najib M , Astha A M Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Disasters have just hit Palu, Sigi, and Donggala, resulting in the fall of so many victims, not only humans but also city and village physicals (residential buildings, facilities, and infrastructure). Several villages hit by the disaster were hamlet 3 Vou, Langaleso village, Dolo sub-district, Jono Oge village, Biromaru sub-district, and Sigi district. The village’s condition was damaged, but most of the buildings and plants were lost to the mud. Settlement neighborhoods that should be full of activity are nowhere to be seen, and people become apathetic. They just accept this situation and are always waiting for help. Huntara, a form of assistance provided by funders, temporarily occupy the settlers’ land because the condition of the land or land needs to be cleared for the rebuilding process. The provision of inclusive spaces is one of the efforts to mitigate disasters in residential areas, namely public spaces that can be used by all settlers. These spaces must be safe and provide comfort, easy to reach, and become part of the residential environment. Village arrangement is one way that can be done to minimize the impact of a disaster. Arrangement of buildings, facilities, and environmental infrastructure are necessary not to create chaos in development. Also, aspects of environmentally friendly residential (village) spatial patterns, structural systems, and building construction that meet the requirements (SNI), the application of local and humane wisdom are no less important to consider in the process of procuring inclusive spaces in settlements, structuring villages, especially after a disaster.
Life cycle energy analysis of a green building in Vietnam
Authors: Le D L , Nguyen T Q , Pham H C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of an office green building in Hanoi, Vietnam to prove the advantages of green buildings regarding energy efficiency and environmental effects. The case study building is a concrete structured one, which consists of 3 basements, 17 floors, and 1 attic with a gross area of 14,112 m2. In the study, the building’s embodied energy is determined based on the contained energy coefficient of the ith material and its quantity needed. Whereas, the operating energy is computed according to the annual energy consumption of the building, which is stimulated by the EnergyPlus simulation software. Relying on the relative share of the demolition energy with the life cycle energy that has been proposed by previous publications, this category will be estimated. Results showed that the initial embodied energy contributed the largest share to the life cycle energy (61.37%), followed by operational energy (27.61%). It also indicated that the percentage share of the operational energy of a green building is much lower than that of other buildings. The primary reason for this is associated with the usage of environmentally friendly materials and energy-saving equipment in the design option of the green building. Therefore, it can be convincing evidence that may help to change the mindset of decision-makers in Vietnam about green buildings.
Using virtual reality (VR) simulation to help developing a smart meeting space with AI Product to support moderator
Authors: Guo X , Shen Z , Teng X , Zhao Z 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Smart building has a pivotal role in promoting the industrialization of buildings. Meeting room is a common type of public space. Developing a smart meeting space can play an important role in addressing the issue of research on smart building. In this paper, we develop a smart meeting space with AI product to support moderator. We create 3D model of the meeting room and import it into VR headset to having an experiment. 20 participants are engaged to answer questionnaire and have interview. The results of this study show that most of the participants think the meeting space we develop is smart than usual one. We also found that participants expect functions of smart meeting room in AI assistance, energy saving, smart display solution, remote meeting. And participants expect devices of smart meeting room in AI assistance product, sensors, and devices for remote meeting.
Revealing circular material flow in Terrazzo making process
Authors: Ujung V A , Wahid A R , Atmodiwirjo P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the value in material expression that reveals the material resource flow through terrazzo making process. The potential of the patterning process as a vital practice in terrazzo making is posed through attention to the use of salvaged elements and fragmented pieces of the material. They are an essential part of circular economy practice knowledge. The patterning process, such as reinforcement and recombination of salvaged materials is decreasing carbon emissions produced by fabricating new components of the terrazzo. Besides, the patterning process enables the materialization of the design intention and locals’ interests and particularities; in which it adds value to the material. This study was conducted through a workshop in Lombok, Indonesia, as part of an exhibition of architectural materials that were produced locally from earth-based ingredients. It is found that the value of sustainability lies in its ability to promote such circular strategies that can enable improved material resource efficiency as well as generate material value.
Extraction of Eu(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III) in aqueous two-phase systems based on polyethylene glycol 1500-NaNO3-H2O with the addition of extractants (D2EHPA, TBP, TOMAN)
Authors: Ya Fedorov A , Levina A V , Fedorova M I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Luminophores that used, for example, in fluorescent lamps, contain a large number of rare earth elements. Therefore, the processing of waste equipment containing luminophores is a rational approach to the obtaining of rare-earth metals, firstly, from the economics point of view, since they have a high cost, and secondly, from the ecological point of view, since environmental pollution will not occur. The cheapest way to extract rare earth elements from waste products is to dissolve them in strong acids and the following reprocessing by liquid extraction methods. In this case, neutral or ion exchange extractants (tributyl phosphate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid and quaternary ammonium salts) are used, which show high extraction ability and, in some cases, selectivity. Their applying is associated with the use of non-polar organic solvents, which contradicts the principles of «green» chemistry. A good and promising alternative to organic solvents can be aqueous two-phase systems, which have already proved themselves as low-toxic, but highly effective systems for the separation of a number of metals. Thus, in this work, we performed an experimental study of the interphase distribution of Eu(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III) in two-phase systems based on water-soluble polymers with or without the introduction of traditional organic extractants as an additive. The possibility of using such ATPS as a «green» solvent for traditional extragents for Eu(III), Gd(III), and Tb(III) extraction has been shown.
The effect of plastic type on the yield and quality of lignite and plastic waste pyrolysis products
Authors: Wijayanti H , Tuhuloula A , Subekti L , Aisyah M , Pitaloka I D , Nurmajidah Siti 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lignite is a low rank coal which has great potential in South Kalimantan. However, it has not been used optimally due to its low quality. One of the ways to improve it is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen which will produce three products (char, tar and gas). Pyrolysis can make lignite into liquid fuel (pyrolysis liquid), but it still requires improvement due to the need for pure hydrogen donors. Plastic waste has a higher hydrogen/carbon ratio than coal. This material can be used as an additive in the pyrolysis process because it is rich in hydrogen. The samples of plastic waste used were ppolyethylene (PE), ppolypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Samples of lignite and plastic (plastic composition was 25 wt%) were used for every experiment, and pyrolysis was carried out with a holding time of 60 minutes at 500°C. The pyrolysis liquid obtained is then analyzed for its yields and properties (density, kinematic viscosity, heating value). The most feasible result for fuel alternative was obtained with the addition of PE.