bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in service and antibiotics use following symptomatic respiratory tract infections between 2016 and 2021 in rural Anhui, China
Authors: Xu Xiuze , Zhang Kexin , Ma Huan , Shen Xingrong , Chai Jing , Tang Mengsha , Du Yanan , Xue Qun , Guan Xiaoqin , Li Guocheng , Wang Debin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the past 10–15 years, the government of China has made various efforts in tackling excessive antibiotics use. Yet, little is known about their effects at rural primary care settings. This study aimed to determine the impact of government policies and the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic prescribing practices at such settings utilizing data from separate studies carried out pre- and during the pandemic, in 2016 and 2021 in Anhui province, China, using identical sampling and survey approaches. Data on antibiotics prescribed, diagnosis, socio-demographic, etc., were obtained through non-participative observation and a structured exit survey. Data analysis comprised mainly descriptive comparisons of 1153 and 762 patients with respiratory infections recruited in 2016 and 2021, respectively. The overall antibiotics prescription rate decreased from 89.6% in 2016 to 69.1% in 2021, and the proportion of prescriptions for two or more classes of antibiotics was estimated as 35.9% in 2016 and 11.0% in 2021. There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of days from symptom onset to clinic visits between the year groups. In conclusion, measures to constrain excessive prescription of antibiotics have led to some improvements at the rural primary care level, and the COVID-19 pandemic has had varying effects on antibiotic use.
On tripartite common graphs
Authors: Grzesik Andrzej , Lee Joonkyung , Lidický Bernard , Volec Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA graph
$H$
is common if the number of monochromatic copies of
$H$
in a 2-edge-colouring of the complete graph
$K_n$
is asymptotically minimised by the random colouring. Burr and Rosta, extending a famous conjecture of Erdős, conjectured that every graph is common. The conjectures of Erdős and of Burr and Rosta were disproved by Thomason and by Sidorenko, respectively, in the late 1980s. Collecting new examples of common graphs had not seen much progress since then, although very recently a few more graphs were verified to be common by the flag algebra method or the recent progress on Sidorenko’s conjecture. Our contribution here is to provide several new classes of tripartite common graphs. The first example is the class of so-called triangle trees, which generalises two theorems by Sidorenko and answers a question of Jagger, Šťovíček, and Thomason from 1996. We also prove that, somewhat surprisingly, given any tree
$T$
, there exists a triangle tree such that the graph obtained by adding
$T$
as a pendant tree is still common. Furthermore, we show that adding arbitrarily many apex vertices to any connected bipartite graph on at most
$5$
vertices yields a common graph.
The Effect of Ocean Salinity on Climate and Its Implications for Earth's Habitability
Authors: Olson Stephanie , Jansen Malte F. , Abbot Dorian S. , Halevy Itay , Goldblatt Colin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe influence of atmospheric composition on the climates of present‐day and early Earth has been studied extensively, but the role of ocean composition has received less attention. We use the ROCKE‐3D ocean‐atmosphere general circulation model to investigate the response of Earth's present‐day and Archean climate system to low versus high ocean salinity. We find that saltier oceans yield warmer climates in large part due to changes in ocean dynamics. Increasing ocean salinity from 20 to 50 g/kg results in a 71% reduction in sea ice cover in our present‐day Earth scenario. This same salinity change also halves the pCO2 threshold at which Snowball glaciation occurs in our Archean scenarios. In combination with higher levels of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4, a saltier ocean may allow for a warm Archean Earth with only seasonal ice at the poles despite receiving ∼20% less energy from the Sun.
Influence of Off‐Sun‐Earth Line Distance on the Accuracy of L1 Solar Wind Monitoring
Authors: Milan S. E. , Carter J. A. , Bower G. E. , Fleetham A. L. , Anderson B. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUpstream solar wind measurements from near the L1 Lagrangian point are commonly used to investigate solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling. The off‐Sun‐Earth line distance of such solar wind monitors can be large, up to 100 RE. We investigate how the correlation between measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field and associated ionospheric responses deteriorates as the off‐Sun‐Earth line distance increases. Specifically, we use the magnitude and polarity of the dayside region 0 field‐aligned currents (R0 FACs) as a measure of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY‐associated magnetic tension effects on newly‐reconnected field lines, related to the Svalgaard‐Mansurov effect. The R0 FACs are derived from Advanced Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment measurements by a principal component analysis, for the years 2010–2016. We perform cross‐correlation analyses between time‐series of IMF BY, measured by the Wind spacecraft and propagated to the nose of the bow shock by the OMNI technique, and these R0 FAC measurements. Typically, in the summer hemisphere, cross‐correlation coefficients between 0.6 and 0.9 are found. However, there is a reduction of order 0.1–0.15 in correlation coefficient between periods when Wind is close to (within 45 RE) and distant from (beyond 70 RE) the Sun‐Earth line. We find a time‐lag of around 17 min between predictions of the arrival of IMF features at the bow shock and their effect in the ionosphere, irrespective of the location of Wind.
Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO3) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit
Authors: Kurosawa Kosuke , Ono Haruka , Niihara Takafumi , Sakaiya Tatsuhiro , Kondo Tadashi , Tomioka Naotaka , Mikouchi Takashi , Genda Hidenori , Matsuzaki Takuya , Kayama Masahiro , Koike Mizuho , Sano Yuji , Murayama Masafumi , Satake Wataru , Matsui Takafumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShock metamorphism of minerals in meteorites provides insights into the ancient Solar System. Calcite is an abundant aqueous alteration mineral in carbonaceous chondrites. Return samples from the asteroids Ryugu and Bennu are expected to contain calcite‐group minerals. Although shock metamorphism in silicates has been well studied, such data for aqueous alteration minerals are limited. Here, we investigated the shock effects in calcite with marble using impact experiments at the Planetary Exploration Research Center of Chiba Institute of Technology. We produced decaying compressive pulses with a smaller projectile than the target. A metal container facilitates recovery of a sample that retains its pre‐impact stratigraphy. We estimated the peak pressure distributions in the samples with the iSALE shock physics code. The capability of this method to produce shocked grains that have experienced different degrees of metamorphism from a single experiment is an advantage over conventional uniaxial shock recovery experiments. The shocked samples were investigated by polarizing microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. We found that more than half of calcite grains exhibit undulatory extinction when peak pressure exceeds 3 GPa. This shock pressure is one order of magnitude higher than the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of marble, but it is close to the HEL of a calcite crystal, suggesting that the undulatory extinction records dislocation‐induced plastic deformation in the crystal. Finally, we propose a strategy to re‐construct the maximum depth of calcite grains in a meteorite parent body, if shocked calcite grains are identified in chondrites and/or return samples from Ryugu and Bennu.
Improved trends in survival and engraftment after single cord blood transplantation for adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Konuma Takaaki , Mizuno Shohei , Kondo Tadakazu , Arai Yasuyuki , Uchida Naoyuki , Takahashi Satoshi , Tanaka Masatsugu , Kuriyama Takuro , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Onizuka Makoto , Ota Shuichi , Sugio Yasuhiro , Kouzai Yasushi , Kawakita Toshiro , Kobayashi Hikaru , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Kimura Takafumi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yanada Masamitsu ,   for the Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Working Group of the Japanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) is an alternative curative option for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who need allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) but lack an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. However, large-scale data are lacking on CBT outcomes for unselected adult AML. To investigate the trends of survival and engraftment after CBT over the past 22 years, we retrospectively evaluated the data of patients with AML in Japan according to the time period of CBT (1998–2007 vs 2008–2013 vs 2014–2019). A total of 5504 patients who received single-unit CBT as first allogeneic HCT for AML were included. Overall survival (OS) at 2 years significantly improved over time. The improved OS among patients in ≥ complete remission (CR)3 and active disease at CBT was mainly due to a reduction of relapse-related mortality, whereas among patients in first or second CR at CBT, this was due mainly to a reduction of non-relapse mortality. The trends of neutrophil engraftment also improved over time. This experience demonstrated that the survival and engraftment rate after CBT for this group has improved over the past 22 years.
Trans-activation of eotaxin-1 by Brg1 contributes to liver regeneration
Authors: Fan Zhiwen , Kong Ming , Dong Wenhui , Dong Chunlong , Miao Xiulian , Guo Yan , Liu Xingyu , Miao Shuying , Li Lin , Chen Tingting , Qu Yeqing , Yu Fei , Duan Yunfei , Lu Yunjie , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfiltration of eosinophils is associated with and contributes to liver regeneration. Chemotaxis of eosinophils is orchestrated by the eotaxin family of chemoattractants. We report here that expression of eotaxin-1 (referred to as eotaxin hereafter), but not that of either eotaxin-2 or eotaxin-3, were elevated, as measured by quantitative PCR and ELISA, in the proliferating murine livers compared to the quiescent livers. Similarly, exposure of primary murine hepatocytes to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulated eotaxin expression. Liver specific deletion of Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a chromatin remodeling protein, attenuated eosinophil infiltration and down-regulated eotaxin expression in mice. Brg1 deficiency also blocked HGF-induced eotaxin expression in cultured hepatocytes. Further analysis revealed that Brg1 could directly bind to the proximal eotaxin promoter to activate its transcription. Mechanistically, Brg1 interacted with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/RelA to activate eotaxin transcription. NF-κB knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition disrupted Brg1 recruitment to the eotaxin promoter and blocked eotaxin induction in hepatocytes. Adenoviral mediated over-expression of eotaxin overcame Brg1 deficiency caused delay in liver regeneration in mice. On the contrary, eotaxin depletion with RNAi or neutralizing antibodies retarded liver regeneration in mice. More important, Brg1 expression was detected to be correlated with eotaxin expression and eosinophil infiltration in human liver specimens. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel role of Brg1 as a regulator of eosinophil trafficking by activating eotaxin transcription.
Seeing structural evolution of organic molecular nano-crystallites using 4D scanning confocal electron diffraction (4D-SCED)
Authors: Wu Mingjian , Harreiß Christina , Ophus Colin , Johnson Manuel , Fink Rainer H. , Spiecker Erdmann 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDirect observation of organic molecular nanocrystals and their evolution using electron microscopy is extremely challenging, due to their radiation sensitivity and complex structure. Here, we introduce 4D-scanning confocal electron diffraction (4D-SCED), which enables direct in situ observation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films. 4D-SCED combines confocal electron optic setup with a pixelated detector to record focused spot-like diffraction patterns with high angular resolution, using an order of magnitude lower dose than previous methods. We apply it to study an active layer in organic solar cells, namely DRCN5T:PC71BM BHJ thin films. Structural details of DRCN5T nano-crystallites oriented both in- and out-of-plane are imaged at ~5 nm resolution and dose budget of ~5 e−/Å2. We use in situ annealing to observe the growth of the donor crystals, evolution of the crystal orientation, and progressive enrichment of PC71BM at interfaces. This highly dose-efficient method opens more possibilities for studying beam sensitive soft materials.
Subducted organic matter buffered by marine carbonate rules the carbon isotopic signature of arc emissions
Authors: Tumiati S. , Recchia S. , Remusat L. , Tiraboschi C. , Sverjensky D. A. , Manning C. E. , Vitale Brovarone A. , Boutier A. , Spanu D. , Poli S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOcean sediments consist mainly of calcium carbonate and organic matter (phytoplankton debris). Once subducted, some carbon is removed from the slab and returns to the atmosphere as CO2 in arc magmas. Its isotopic signature is thought to reflect the bulk fraction of inorganic (carbonate) and organic (graphitic) carbon in the sedimentary source. Here we challenge this assumption by experimentally investigating model sediments composed of 13C-CaCO3 + 12C-graphite interacting with water at pressure, temperature and redox conditions of an average slab–mantle interface beneath arcs. We show that oxidative dissolution of graphite is the main process controlling the production of CO2, and its isotopic composition reflects the CO2/CaCO3 rather than the bulk graphite/CaCO3 (i.e., organic/inorganic carbon) fraction. We provide a mathematical model to relate the arc CO2 isotopic signature with the fluid–rock ratios and the redox state in force in its subarc source.
Topological control of liquid-metal-dealloyed structures
Authors: Lai Longhai , Gaskey Bernard , Chuang Alyssa , Erlebacher Jonah , Karma Alain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed the rapid development of liquid metal dealloying to fabricate nano-/meso-scale porous and composite structures with ultra-high interfacial area for diverse materials applications. However, this method currently has two important limitations. First, it produces bicontinuous structures with high-genus topologies for a limited range of alloy compositions. Second, structures have a large ligament size due to substantial coarsening during dealloying at high temperature. Here we demonstrate computationally and experimentally that those limitations can be overcome by adding to the metallic melt an element that promotes high-genus topologies by limiting the leakage of the immiscible element during dealloying. We further interpret this finding by showing that bulk diffusive transport of the immiscible element in the liquid melt strongly influences the evolution of the solid fraction and topology of the structure during dealloying. The results shed light on fundamental differences in liquid metal and electrochemical dealloying and establish a new approach to produce liquid-metal-dealloyed structures with desired size and topologies.
Transcriptional adaptation of olfactory sensory neurons to GPCR identity and activity
Authors: Horgue Luis Flores , Assens Alexis , Fodoulian Leon , Marconi Leonardo , Tuberosa Joël , Haider Alexander , Boillat Madlaina , Carleton Alan , Rodriguez Ivan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn mammals, chemoperception relies on a diverse set of neuronal sensors able to detect chemicals present in the environment, and to adapt to various levels of stimulation. The contribution of endogenous and external factors to these neuronal identities remains to be determined. Taking advantage of the parallel coding lines present in the olfactory system, we explored the potential variations of neuronal identities before and after olfactory experience. We found that at rest, the transcriptomic profiles of mouse olfactory sensory neuron populations are already divergent, specific to the olfactory receptor they express, and are associated with the sequence of these latter. These divergent profiles further evolve in response to the environment, as odorant exposure leads to reprogramming via the modulation of transcription. These findings highlight a broad range of sensory neuron identities that are present at rest and that adapt to the experience of the individual, thus adding to the complexity and flexibility of sensory coding.
Exact simulation of pigment-protein complexes unveils vibronic renormalization of electronic parameters in ultrafast spectroscopy
Authors: Caycedo-Soler F. , Mattioni A. , Lim J. , Renger T. , Huelga S. F. , Plenio M. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe primary steps of photosynthesis rely on the generation, transport, and trapping of excitons in pigment-protein complexes (PPCs). Generically, PPCs possess highly structured vibrational spectra, combining many discrete intra-pigment modes and a quasi-continuous of protein modes, with vibrational and electronic couplings of comparable strength. The intricacy of the resulting vibronic dynamics poses significant challenges in establishing a quantitative connection between spectroscopic data and underlying microscopic models. Here we show how to address this challenge using numerically exact simulation methods by considering two model systems, namely the water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein of cauliflower and the special pair of bacterial reaction centers. We demonstrate that the inclusion of the full multi-mode vibronic dynamics in numerical calculations of linear spectra leads to systematic and quantitatively significant corrections to electronic parameter estimation. These multi-mode vibronic effects are shown to be relevant in the longstanding discussion regarding the origin of long-lived oscillations in multidimensional nonlinear spectra.
The structural basis of Cdc7-Dbf4 kinase dependent targeting and phosphorylation of the MCM2-7 double hexamer
Authors: Saleh Almutasem , Noguchi Yasunori , Aramayo Ricardo , Ivanova Marina E. , Stevens Kathryn M. , Montoya Alex , Sunidhi S. , Carranza Nicolas Lopez , Skwark Marcin J. , Speck Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe controlled assembly of replication forks is critical for genome stability. The Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase (DDK) initiates replisome assembly by phosphorylating the MCM2-7 replicative helicase at the N-terminal tails of Mcm2, Mcm4 and Mcm6. At present, it remains poorly understood how DDK docks onto the helicase and how the kinase targets distal Mcm subunits for phosphorylation. Using cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical analysis we discovered that an interaction between the HBRCT domain of Dbf4 with Mcm2 serves as an anchoring point, which supports binding of DDK across the MCM2-7 double-hexamer interface and phosphorylation of Mcm4 on the opposite hexamer. Moreover, a rotation of DDK along its anchoring point allows phosphorylation of Mcm2 and Mcm6. In summary, our work provides fundamental insights into DDK structure, control and selective activation of the MCM2-7 helicase during DNA replication. Importantly, these insights can be exploited for development of novel DDK inhibitors.
Mutational signatures are markers of drug sensitivity of cancer cells
Authors: Levatić Jurica , Salvadores Marina , Fuster-Tormo Francisco , Supek Fran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenomic analyses have revealed mutational footprints associated with DNA maintenance gone awry, or with mutagen exposures. Because cancer therapeutics often target DNA synthesis or repair, we asked if mutational signatures make useful markers of drug sensitivity. We detect mutational signatures in cancer cell line exomes (where matched healthy tissues are not available) by adjusting for the confounding germline mutation spectra across ancestries. We identify robust associations between various mutational signatures and drug activity across cancer cell lines; these are as numerous as associations with established genetic markers such as driver gene alterations. Signatures of prior exposures to DNA damaging agents – including chemotherapy – tend to associate with drug resistance, while signatures of deficiencies in DNA repair tend to predict sensitivity towards particular therapeutics. Replication analyses across independent drug and CRISPR genetic screening data sets reveal hundreds of robust associations, which are provided as a resource for drug repurposing guided by mutational signature markers.
Molecular mechanism of the wake-promoting agent TAK-925
Authors: Yin Jie , Kang Yanyong , McGrath Aaron P. , Chapman Karen , Sjodt Megan , Kimura Eiji , Okabe Atsutoshi , Koike Tatsuki , Miyanohana Yuhei , Shimizu Yuji , Rallabandi Rameshu , Lian Peng , Bai Xiaochen , Flinspach Mack , De Brabander Jef K. , Rosenbaum Daniel M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe OX2 orexin receptor (OX2R) is a highly expressed G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in the brain that regulates wakefulness and circadian rhythms in humans. Antagonism of OX2R is a proven therapeutic strategy for insomnia drugs, and agonism of OX2R is a potentially powerful approach for narcolepsy type 1, which is characterized by the death of orexinergic neurons. Until recently, agonism of OX2R had been considered ‘undruggable.’ We harness cryo-electron microscopy of OX2R-G protein complexes to determine how the first clinically tested OX2R agonist TAK-925 can activate OX2R in a highly selective manner. Two structures of TAK-925-bound OX2R with either a Gq mimetic or Gi reveal that TAK-925 binds at the same site occupied by antagonists, yet interacts with the transmembrane helices to trigger activating microswitches. Our structural and mutagenesis data show that TAK-925’s selectivity is mediated by subtle differences between OX1 and OX2 receptor subtypes at the orthosteric pocket. Finally, differences in the polarity of interactions at the G protein binding interfaces help to rationalize OX2R’s coupling selectivity for Gq signaling. The mechanisms of TAK-925’s binding, activation, and selectivity presented herein will aid in understanding the efficacy of small molecule OX2R agonists for narcolepsy and other circadian disorders.
Analogue cosmological particle creation in an ultracold quantum fluid of light
Authors: Steinhauer Jeff , Abuzarli Murad , Aladjidi Tangui , Bienaimé Tom , Piekarski Clara , Liu Wei , Giacobino Elisabeth , Bramati Alberto , Glorieux Quentin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid expansion of the early universe resulted in the spontaneous production of cosmological particles from vacuum fluctuations, some of which are observable today in the cosmic microwave background anisotropy. The analogue of cosmological particle creation in a quantum fluid was proposed, but the quantum, spontaneous effect due to vacuum fluctuations has not yet been observed. Here we report the spontaneous creation of analogue cosmological particles in the laboratory, using a quenched 3-dimensional quantum fluid of light. We observe acoustic peaks in the density power spectrum, in close quantitative agreement with the quantum-field theoretical prediction. We find that the long-wavelength particles provide a window to early times. This work introduces the quantum fluid of light, as cold as an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate.