bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability of specialized medical care in cases of severe head injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Korkhmazov V. T. , Perkhov V. I. 
Published: March 2022

Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused an overload of national health care systems worldwide. The analyses of the ways the pandemic changed the availability of the medical care provided in emergency situations has been carried out based on cases of craniocerebral trauma treatment.Material and methods: Data for the period of 2019–2020 on each of 85 territorial subjects of the Russian Federation which are contained in forms of the state statistical observation and also data of Federal State Statistics Service on number of the deceased from head injuries (bone fractures of skull and face) in the period of 2019–2020 have been analyzed. For the measurement of medical care availability level we used the ratio of number of hospitalizations to the total number of deaths due to head injury in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation before COVID-19 pandemic (in 2019) and during the pandemic in 2020. The higher the ratio of admissions in the round-the-clock hospitals to total number of lethal cases due to head trauma, the higher the availability of the specialized emergency medical care. At the same time, we recognize that if the person with a severe head injury is brought to the hospital alive the chances to save his life increase.Results: In 2019 approximately half of the patients with cases of head injuries were admitted in the round-the-clock hospital (the ratio is 274.6 thousand cases of hospitalization to 566.6 thousand cases of the head injury – 48.5% of the total number of head injury cases). In 2020 the share of such cases decreased to 43.1% – 207.5 thousand cases of hospitalization to 481.3 thousand cases of head injury in a year total. On an average in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation the ratio coefficient of hospitalizations number to the total number of lethal outcomes due to head injury in 2019 was 11.6 ± 4.3, in 2020 – 8.8 ± 3.3. Feature variation coefficient is 37.5% and 37.6% in 2019 and 2020 respectively which demonstrates its high variability in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. A share of the lethal outcomes due to a head injury increased from 3.8% in 2019 to 4.5% in 2020 of total number of patients that received this type of trauma, or by 1.2 times.Conclusion: Due to the decrease of the emergency specialized medical care availability because of the pandemic the excess mortality from severe head injuries in 2020 was not less than 3 thousand people or 15% of the total number of cases of death. Hospital repurposing, redistribution of temporary and physical healthcare resources during the pandemic shouldn’t be followed by the decrease of medical care in emergency cases. The relation indicator of the number of admissions in the round-the-clock hospitals of patients with severe injuries or diseases to total number of lethal outcomes due to the same reasons is the indicator showing the availability level of medical care that can’t be delayed.
Giant popliteal artery aneurysm
Authors: Matyushkin A. V. , Mustafin A. Kh. , Mamaeva D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Popliteal artery aneurysm is a pathology that appears regularly in daily practice of a vascular surgeon since the popliteal artery is the most common location of aneurysms (about 70%). A rare form of aneurysm of the popliteal artery is a giant aneurysm, the diameter of which is more than 7–8 cm. Giant aneurysms are of a great clinical importance due to the high risk of rupture and complications, and the fact that this pathology has its own peculiarities of surgical treatment.Material and methods: We conducted an electronic bibliographic search Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Wiley to find reports about treatment of giant popliteal aneurysms. According to its results the main features of the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of giant popliteal aneurysms have been identified.Results and discussion: Surgical treatment of giant popliteal artery aneurysms differs from the treatment of regular popliteal artery aneurysms and is associated with the choice of adequate access and the need for partial or full resection of the aneurysm. Endovascular treatment methods are used much less frequently, however, with the improvement of techniques and the emergence of new technologies, an increase in number of giant aneurysms successful treatment cases is expected.
STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTING AND DEVELOPING SMART CITY IN ORDER TO REFORM LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY IN CIMAHI CITY
Authors: Rohayatin Titin , Abidin As Zaenal , Ristala Harky , Mastoah Neneng 
Published: March 2022

A Smart City is a concept for urban development that incorporates information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. A smart city aims to maximize service efficiency via the use of informatics and technology. Data gathered from people and devices is then processed and evaluated using sensors that are coupled with a real-time monitoring system. This data is gathered as critical data to help the community overcome the inefficiencies of bureaucratic services. The rapid advancement of information and communication technology, combined with the development of an increasingly reliant society on the performance of the government bureaucracy, generally requires the government's strategy for implementing and developing Smart Cities. because it has the potential to significantly influence lives, both personally and collectively, including those of government agencies.
However, several difficulties remain in its implementation, preventing the government's strategy from being executed properly. The government's strategy for implementing and developing the E-government idea, as well as for applying and developing the Smart City concept to achieve bureaucratic reform, is highly suitable for use as a form of assistance for the development of high-quality community services. The Smart City idea is being implemented in Cimahi City using the following six indicators: (1) smart government, (2) smart economy, (3) smart environment, (4) smart living, (5) smart people, and (6) smart mobility are all examples of smart concepts.
No trait anxiety influences on early and late differential neuronal responses to aversively conditioned faces across three different tasks
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Heinemann Jana , Bruchmann Maximilian , Moeck Robert , Straube Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe human brain's ability to quickly detect dangerous stimuli is crucial in selecting appropriate responses to possible threats. Trait anxiety has been suggested to moderate these processes on certain processing stages. To dissociate such different information-processing stages, research using classical conditioning has begun to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to fear-conditioned (CS +) faces. However, the impact of trait anxiety on ERPs to fear-conditioned faces depending on specific task conditions is unknown. In this preregistered study, we measured ERPs to faces paired with aversive loud screams (CS +) or neutral sounds (CS −) in a large sample (N = 80) under three different task conditions. Participants had to discriminate face-irrelevant perceptual information, the gender of the faces, or the CS category. Results showed larger amplitudes in response to aversively conditioned faces for all examined ERPs, whereas interactions with the attended feature occurred for the P1 and the early posterior negativity (EPN). For the P1, larger CS + effects were observed during the perceptual distraction task, while the EPN was increased for CS + faces when deciding about the CS association. Remarkably, we found no significant correlations between ERPs and trait anxiety. Thus, fear-conditioning potentiates all ERP amplitudes, some processing stages being further modulated by the task. However, the finding that these ERP differences were not affected by individual differences in trait anxiety does not support theoretical accounts assuming increased threat processing or reduced threat discrimination depending on trait anxiety.
Cognitive abilities affect decision errors but not risk preferences: A meta-analysis
Authors: Mechera-Ostrovsky Tehilla , Heinke Steven , Andraszewicz Sandra , Rieskamp Jörg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen making risky decisions, people should evaluate the consequences and the chances of the outcome occurring. We examine therisk-preference hypothesis, which states that people’s cognitive abilities affect their evaluation of choice options and consequently their risk-taking behavior. We compared the risk-preference hypothesis against a parsimoniouserror hypothesis, which states that lower cognitive abilities increase decision errors. Increased decision errors can be misinterpreted as more risk-seeking behavior because in most risk-taking tasks, random choice behavior is often misclassified as risk-seeking behavior. We tested these two competing hypotheses against each other with a systematic literature review and a Bayesian meta-analysis summarizing the empirical correlations. Results based on 30 studies and 62 effect sizes revealed no credible association between cognitive abilities and risk aversion. Apparent correlations between cognitive abilities and risk aversion can be explained by biased risk-preference-elicitation tasks, where more errors are misinterpreted as specific risk preferences. In sum, the reported associations between cognitive abilities and risk preferences are spurious and mediated by a misinterpretation of erroneous choice behavior. This result also has general implications for any research area in which treatment effects, such as decreased cognitive attention or motivation, could increase decision errors and be misinterpreted as specific preference changes.
A vectorization of iterative computational processes and time acceleration estimates
Authors: Demidenko V. M. , Benediktovich V. I. 
Published: March 2022

O b j e c t i v e s. The problem of efficient organization of the execution of sequential computational processes in the vector mode is solved, taking into account the capabilities of modern high-performance vector-pipeline computers. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the fact that processes that occur during cyclic data processing and in iterative algorithms are the most difficult to parallelize. In solving the problem, three main objectives were set. Construction of a mathematical model that takes into account the main architectural and computational features of modern vector-conveyor computers. Calculation of the optimal total execution time of vector operations. Evaluation of the time gain compared to the sequential mode of data processing.M e t h o d s. To achieve the objectives and to prove the main and auxiliary statements, an original method was used, including establishing the validity of the inductive assumptions in the cases under consideration, as well as an illustrative method of scheduling theory using Gantt charts.R e s u l t s . A vector model for the implementation of sequential calculations is proposed, which takes into account the main features of vector-conveyor computers. The optimal total execution time of sequential calculations in the vector mode is determined, and a lower estimate of the time gain is obtained in comparison with the sequential mode of their execution.C o n c l u s i o n. It has been established that when processing scalar input data in the sequential mode by vector operations with a pipeline length k, acceleration is possible by at least a factor nN (nk+N) , where N is the size of the input, n is the number of vector and corresponding scalar operations. The estimation of the time acceleration in the vectorization of calculations is compared with the sequential mode of their execution.
Methodology of software development with the use of the model of distributed object-based stochastic hybrid systems
Authors: Sharykin R. Е. 
Published: March 2022

Software development methodology based on the model of distributed object-based stochastic hybrid systems is proposed. Such mathematical model is planned to be created for the system being designed along with the system specification at all stages of the software development.The following stages of the development are considered as building of preliminary mathematical model by designing its specification, choosing and specification of system metrics, statistical analysis of the model, approbation of the mathematical model in conditions close to real, analysis by analytical methods and the implementation. The formalism is proposed for describing the system under consideration and an approach to its analysis. At the steps of the methodology, we adjust the model specification and its corresponding mathematical model in accordance with the results of the analysis. This approach allows to develop not only the software, but also a mathematical model with its properties, which implementation is the resulting software.
Quenching of Massive Disk Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
Authors: Xu 徐 Yingzhong 英中 , Luo 於 Yu 洛 , Kang 康 Xi 席 , Li 李 Zhiyuan 志遠 , Li 李 Zongnan 宗男 , Wang 王 Peng 鵬 , Libeskind Noam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A rare population of massive disk galaxies have been found to invade the red sequence dominated by early-type galaxies. The formation and origins of these red/quenched massive disk galaxies have recently gained great interest. The quenching mechanisms that are usually proposed, such as bar quenching and environment quenching, do not seem to be suitable for those bulgeless quenched disks in a low-density environment. In this paper, we use the TNG300 simulation to investigate the formation of massive quenched central disk galaxies. It is found that these galaxies contain less gas than their star-forming counterparts and harbor giant super massive black holes (SMBHs; above 108
M
⊙). By tracing their formation history, we found that quenched disk galaxies formed early and preserved disk morphology for cosmological timescales. They have experienced less than one major merger on average, and mini-mergers (mass ratio <1/10) have mainly contributed to the growth of their SMBHs. In the IllustrisTNG simulation, the black hole feedback mode switches from thermal to kinetic feedback when the black hole mass is more massive than ∼108
M
⊙, which is more efficient to eject gas outside of the galaxy and to suppress further cooling of the hot gaseous halo. We conclude that the dominant quenching mechanism in massive red/quenched disk galaxies is kinetic active galactic nuclei feedback.
Orbital Evolution of Close-in Super-Earths Driven by Atmospheric Escape
Authors: Fujita Naho , Hori Yasunori , Sasaki Takanori 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The increasing number of super-Earths close to their host stars have revealed a scarcity of close-in small planets with 1.5–2.0 R
⊕ in the radius distribution of Kepler planets. The atmospheric escape of super-Earths by photoevaporation can explain the origin of the observed “radius gap.” Many theoretical studies have considered the in situ mass loss of a close-in planet. Planets that undergo atmospheric escape, however, move outward due to the change in the orbital angular momentum of their star–planet systems. In this study, we calculate the orbital evolution of an evaporating super-Earth with a H2/He atmosphere around FGKM-type stars under stellar X-ray and extreme-UV irradiation (XUV). The rate of increase in the orbital radius of an evaporating planet is approximately proportional to that of the atmospheric mass loss during a high stellar XUV phase. We show that super-Earths with a rocky core of ≲10 M
⊕ and a H2/He atmosphere at ≲0.03–0.1 au (≲0.01–0.03 au) around G-type stars (M-type stars) are prone to outward migration driven by photoevaporation. Although the changes in the orbits of the planets would be small, they would rearrange the orbital configurations of compact, multiplanet systems, such as the TRAPPIST-1 system. We also find that the radius gap and the so-called “Neptune desert” in the observed population of close-in planets around FGK-type stars still appear in our simulations. On the other hand, the observed planet population around M-type stars can be reproduced only by a high stellar XUV luminosity model.
Toward First-principles Characterization of Cosmic-Ray Transport Coefficients from Multiscale Kinetic Simulations
Authors: Bai Xue-Ning 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A major uncertainty in understanding the transport and feedback of cosmic rays (CRs) within and beyond our Galaxy lies in the unknown CR scattering rates, which are primarily determined by wave–particle interaction at microscopic gyroresonant scales. The source of the waves for the bulk CR population is believed to be self-driven by the CR streaming instability (CRSI), resulting from the streaming of CRs downward a CR pressure gradient. While a balance between driving by the CRSI and wave damping is expected to determine wave amplitudes and hence the CR scattering rates, the problem involves significant scale separation with substantial ambiguities based on quasi-linear theory (QLT). Here we propose a novel “streaming box” framework to study the CRSI with an imposed CR pressure gradient, enabling first-principles measurement of the CR scattering rates as a function of environmental parameters. By employing the magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell method with ion–neutral damping, we conduct a series of simulations with different resolutions and CR pressure gradients and precisely measure the resulting CR scattering rates in steady state. The measured rates show scalings consistent with QLT, but with a normalization smaller by a factor of several than typical estimates based on the single-fluid treatment of CRs. A momentum-by-momentum treatment provides better estimates when integrated over momentum but is also subject to substantial deviations, especially at small momentum. Our framework thus opens up the path toward providing comprehensive subgrid physics for macroscopic studies of CR transport and feedback in broad astrophysical contexts.
Three-dimensional Propagation of the Global Extreme-ultraviolet Wave Associated with a Solar Eruption on 2021 October 28
Authors: Hou Zhenyong , Tian Hui , Wang Jing-Song , Zhang Xiaoxin , Song Qiao , Zheng Ruisheng , Chen Hechao , Chen Bo , Bai Xianyong , Chen Yajie , He Lingping , Song Kefei , Zhang Peng , Hu Xiuqing , Dun Jinping , Zong Weiguo , Song Yongliang , Xu Yu , Tan Guangyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a case study for the global extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave and its chromospheric counterpart the Moreton-Ramsey Wave associated with the second X-class flare in Solar Cycle 25 and a halo coronal mass ejection (CME). The EUV wave was observed in the Hα and EUV passbands with different characteristic temperatures. In the 171 Å and 193/195 Å images, the wave propagates circularly with an initial velocity of 600–720 km s−1 and a deceleration of 110–320 m s−2. The local coronal plasma is heated from log(T/K) ≈ 5.9 to log(T/K) ≈ 6.2 during the passage of the wave front. The Hα and 304 Å images also reveal signatures of wave propagation with a velocity of 310–540 km s−1. With multiwavelength and dual-perspective observations, we found that the wave front likely propagates forwardly inclined to the solar surface with a tilt angle of ∼53°.2. Our results suggest that this EUV wave is a fast-mode magnetohydrodynamic wave or shock driven by the expansion of the associated CME, whose wave front is likely a dome-shaped structure that could impact the upper chromosphere, transition region, and corona.
The Young Binary DQ Tau Produces Another X-Ray Flare Near Periastron
Authors: Getman Konstantin V. , Akimkin Vitaly V. , Arulanantham Nicole , Kóspál Ágnes , Semenov Dmitry A. , Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V. , van Terwisga Sierk E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work is part of a multi-wavelength program to study the effects of X-ray/UV/optical stellar radiation on the chemistry of the circumbinary disk around the young high-eccentricity binary DQ Tau. ALMA observations for near/around 2021 December 5 periastron were postponed due to bad weather, but supporting Swift-XRT-UVOT TOO observations were successful. These Swift observations along with previous X-ray-optical-mm data show that DQ Tau keeps exhibiting powerful flares near periastron, offering a unique laboratory for studies of flare effects on the gas-phase ion chemistry in protoplanetary disks.
The White Dwarf Mass versus X-Ray Temperature Relationship of Dwarf Novae, Revisited
Authors: Mukai Koji , Byckling Kristiina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Most methods used to determine the white dwarf mass in non-magnetic cataclysmic variables are subject to large systematic errors. X-ray spectroscopy has the potential to enable mass estimation with a good accuracy, when calibrated against accurate and reliable values. This is now possible thanks to the work of Pala et al., who estimated the white dwarf masses for 43 cataclysmic variables relying in part on Gaia distances. In this research note we provide a brief update on the X-ray temperature versus white dwarf mass relationship using the X-ray spectroscopy results of Byckling et al. compared against the results of Pala et al., thereby putting the X-ray spectroscopy method on a securer footing.
The Population of Interstellar Objects Detectable with the LSST and Accessible for In Situ Rendezvous with Various Mission Designs
Authors: Hoover Devin J. , Seligman Darryl Z. , Payne Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recently discovered population of interstellar objects presents us with the opportunity to characterize material from extrasolar planetary and stellar systems up close. The forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will provide an unprecedented increase in sensitivity to these objects compared to the capabilities of currently operational observational facilities. We generate a synthetic population of ‘Oumuamua-like objects drawn from their galactic kinematics and identify the distribution of impact parameters, eccentricities, hyperbolic velocities, and sky locations of objects detectable with the LSST, assuming no cometary activity. This population is characterized by a clustering of trajectories in the direction of the solar apex and antiapex, centered at orbital inclinations of ∼90°. We identify the ecliptic or solar apex as the optimal sky location to search for future interstellar objects as a function of survey limiting magnitude. Moreover, we identify the trajectories of detectable objects that will be reachable for in situ rendezvous with a dedicated mission with the capabilities of the forthcoming Comet Interceptor or proposed Bridge concept. By scaling our fractional population statistics with the inferred spatial number density, we estimate that the LSST will detect of order ∼15 interstellar objects over the course of its ∼10 yr observational campaign. Furthermore, we find that there should be ∼1–3 and ∼0.0007–0.001 reachable targets for missions with propulsion capabilities comparable to Bridge and Comet Interceptor, respectively. These numbers are lower limits and will be readily updateable when the number density and size–frequency distribution of interstellar objects are better constrained.