bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neolithic expansion and the 17q21.31 inversion in Iberia: an evolutionary approach to H2 haplotype distribution in the Near East and Europe
Authors: Espinosa Ibone , Alfonso-Sánchez Miguel A. , Gómez-Pérez Luis , Peña Jose A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chromosomal region 17q21.31 harbors a 900 kb inversion polymorphism named after the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. Since no recombination occurs, two haplotypes are recognized: a directly oriented variant (H1) and an inverted variant (H2). The H2 haplotype features a distribution pattern with high frequencies in the Near East and Europe, medium levels in South Asia and North Africa, and low levels elsewhere. Studies of this genomic region are relevant owing to its likely association with numerous neurodegenerative diseases. However, the causes underlying the geographic distribution of the haplotype frequencies remain a bone of contention among researchers. With this work, we have intended to outline a plausible hypothesis on the origin of the high European H2 frequencies. To that end, we have analyzed an extensive population database (including three new Iberian populations) to explore potential clinal variations of H2 frequencies. We found a sigmoidal frequency cline with an upward trend from South Asia to Europe. The maximum value was detected in the Basques from Gipuzkoa province (0.494) with the curve’s inflection point in the Near East. From our results, we suggest that the most likely scenario for high H2 frequencies in Europe would be a founding event in the Near East during the late Paleolithic or early Neolithic. Subsequently, such H2 overrepresentation would have reached Europe with the arrival of the first Neolithic farmers. The current frequencies and geographic distribution of the 17q21.31 inversion suggest that the founding events mainly affected the H2D subhaplotype.
Utility of muscle ultrasound in nutritional assessment of children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Gehad Mona Hamed , Yousif Yousif Mohamed , Metwally Maha Ibrahim , AbdAllah Amany Mohammed , Elhawy Lamiaa Lotfy , El-Shal Amal S. , Abdellatif Ghada Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Nutritional status assessment in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is critical for identifying patients who are at risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and for determining their nutritional needs and monitoring nutritional intervention outcomes.

Methods
In a case–control study, we enrolled 40 children (age range: 2–16 years) with NS and 40 apparently healthy children (age and sex-matched) as a control group. Anthropometric data, as well as demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, were collected. A dietary intake assessment using a 3-day food intake record was done, and the quadriceps rectus femoris thickness (QRFT) and quadriceps vastus intermedius thickness (QVIT) were assessed using B-mode ultrasound and compared between both groups.

Results
Children with NS had lower QRFT and QVIT measurements than control groups (p < 0.001). Inadequacy in protein intake occurred in 62.5% and 27.5% of the NS and control groups, respectively (p = 0.002). The thickness of the rectus and vastus muscles by ultrasound was significantly associated with the percentage of protein intake (p < 0.001). The ROC curve revealed that the best cutoff value of QRFT for the prediction of the patient at risk of malnutrition was ≤ 1.195 with an area under curve of 0.907, with p < 0.001.

Conclusion
In children with NS, skeletal muscle ultrasound is a simple and easy-to-use bedside technique for the identification of patients at risk of malnutrition.

Graphical abstract
Relapsing and refractory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum
Authors: Habeeb Shameer M. , Yamin Haneen , Simkova Eva , Awad Hazem S. , Alhammadi Entesar A. , Eid Loai A. , Lone Rubina , Bitzan Martin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Peritonitis is an important complication and cause of morbidity in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Corynebacterium species, often considered skin and mucosal contaminants, are a rare cause of PD-associated peritonitis and have been acknowledged in published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PD peritonitis only over the last decade.

Case-Diagnosis/Treatment
We present two children with difficult-to-treat episodes of PD peritonitis due to Corynebacterium amycolatum. Episodes were associated with fever, abdominal pain and cloudy dialysate, high dialysate polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts, and elevated serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations. Symptoms persisted beyond 5 days in 4 of 5 peritonitis episodes, and peritonitis relapsed despite in vitro sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to guideline-recommended antibiotics. C. amycolatum was cultured from the PD catheter tip despite 4 weeks of intraperitoneal glycopeptide therapy and clinical peritonitis resolution suggestive of efficient biofilm formation. Our systematic literature search identified three previous (adult) case descriptions of C. amycolatum peritonitis, all with repeat episodes by the same organism. The incidence of C. amycolatum as a cause of PD peritonitis has not yet been established but is likely underreported due to challenges in species differentiation.

Conclusions
C. amycolatum is a rarely identified cause of refractory and/or relapsing PD peritonitis. Species differentiation of non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium isolates is critical, and prolonged antibiotic treatment, preferably with a glycopeptide antibiotic, is recommended, with a low threshold for PD catheter change or removal in case of repeat peritonitis.
Effect of Si and Al on Retained Austenite Stabilization during Q&P and Galvannealing Process
Authors: Wallner Matthias , Steineder Katharina , Schneider Reinhold , Sommitsch Christof 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present contribution concentrates on the different effects of Si and Al on the carbide precipitation and austenite decomposition during the Q&P-process and an additional galvannealing treatment of up to 560 °C. These effects have been investigated by dilatometry (derivation of relative length change) and differential scanning calorimetry (heat flow) during tempering. It was possible to show the beneficial effect of Si on retarding the carbide precipitation in tempered martensite and thereby the ability to stabilize higher amounts of retained austenite compared to Al. Furthermore, the effect on retained austenite decomposition during Q&P and subsequent galvannealing could be demonstrated. Here, Al has the benefit to increase the thermal stability of austenite during galvannealing.
Predictors of contact with services for mental health problems among children with comorbid long-term physical health conditions: a follow-up study
Authors: Panagi Laura , White Simon R. , Howdle Charlotte , Bennett Sophie , Heyman Isobel , Shafran Roz , Ford Tamsin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChildren with long-term physical health conditions (pLTCs) are at increased risk of developing mental health comorbidities, although most do not access services for their mental health. No previous studies have examined the determinants of contact with services for mental health concerns among this group of children. This 3-year longitudinal study involved a population-based sample of children aged 5–16 years from the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys conducted in 1999 and 2004. In children with comorbid pLTCs and mental health disorders at baseline (N = 397), we examined associations between several child-, family- and service-related factors and (a) contact with primary health care, (b) contact with paediatrics and (c) contact with child and adolescent mental health services over 3-year follow-up (2002 and 2007). Separate multivariable binary logistic regressions were conducted for each service. The impact of mental health difficulties on the child and contact with the teacher predicted contact with all three services. Adolescent age, female gender, larger family size, some or marked academic difficulties, and having parents with educational qualification(s) were specific predictors of contact with primary health care. Male gender, stressful life events, and contact with primary health care were specific predictors of contact with child and adolescent mental health services. No other factors predicted contact with paediatrics. Our findings highlight the role of child-, family-, and service-related factors in accessing mental health care in children with comorbid pLTCs and mental health disorders which could inform planning and provision of services to reduce unmet mental health needs.
Visual categories and concepts in the avian brain
Authors: Pusch Roland , Clark William , Rose Jonas , Güntürkün Onur 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBirds are excellent model organisms to study perceptual categorization and concept formation. The renewed focus on avian neuroscience has sparked an explosion of new data in the field. At the same time, our understanding of sensory and particularly visual structures in the avian brain has shifted fundamentally. These recent discoveries have revealed how categorization is mediated in the avian brain and has generated a theoretical framework that goes beyond the realm of birds. We review the contribution of avian categorization research—at the methodical, behavioral, and neurobiological levels. To this end, we first introduce avian categorization from a behavioral perspective and the common elements model of categorization. Second, we describe the functional and structural organization of the avian visual system, followed by an overview of recent anatomical discoveries and the new perspective on the avian ‘visual cortex’. Third, we focus on the neurocomputational basis of perceptual categorization in the bird’s visual system. Fourth, an overview of the avian prefrontal cortex and the prefrontal contribution to perceptual categorization is provided. The fifth section outlines how asymmetries of the visual system contribute to categorization. Finally, we present a mechanistic view of the neural principles of avian visual categorization and its putative extension to concept learning.
Identification of risk factors for venous thromboembolism and validation of the Khorana score in patients with advanced lung cancer: based on the multicenter, prospective Rising-VTE/NEJ037 study data
Authors: Tsubata Yukari , Kawakado Keita , Hamai Kosuke , Furuya Naoki , Yokoyama Toshihide , Saito Ryota , Nakamura Atsushi , Masuda Takeshi , Hamaguchi Megumi , Kuyama Shoichi , Honda Ryoichi , Senoo Tadashi , Nakanishi Masamoto , Hotta Takamasa , Yamasaki Masahiro , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Fujitaka Kazunori , Kubota Tetsuya , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Management of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is essential in cancer treatment selection and prognosis. However, currently, no method exists for assessing VTE risk associated with advanced lung cancer. Therefore, we assessed VTE risk, including driver gene mutation, in advanced lung cancer and performed a Khorana score validation.

Methods
The Rising-VTE/NEJ037 study was a multicenter prospective observational study that included patients with advanced lung cancer. In the Rising-VTE/NEJ037 study, the Khorana score was calculated for enrolled patients with available data on all Khorana score components. The modified Khorana score was based on the body mass index of ≥ 25 kg/m2, according to the Japanese obesity standard. A multivariate logistic regression analysis, including patient background characteristics, was performed to evaluate the presence of VTE 2 years after the lung cancer diagnosis.

Results
This study included 1008 patients with lung cancer, of whom 100 (9.9%) developed VTE. From the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, VTE risk could not be determined because both the Khorana score (0.518) and modified Khorana score (0.516) showed very low areas under the curve. The risk factors for VTE in the multivariate analysis included female sex, adenocarcinoma, performance status, N factor, lymphocyte count, platelet count, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion
The Khorana score, which is widely used in cancer-VTE risk assessment, was less useful for Japanese patients with advanced lung cancer. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, a serum marker involved in coagulation, was more suitable for risk identification.

Clinical trial information
jRCTs061180025.
Kumusha and masalads: (inter)generational foodways and urban food security in Zimbabwe
Authors: Brouwer Sara F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstandings of urban foodways in Zimbabwe and other African countries have been dominated by food security frameworks. The focus on material scarcity and measurable health outcomes within these frameworks has often obscured the socio-cultural dimension of foodways and the historical and political structures that have shaped, and continue to shape, everyday relationships with food among different groups of urban residents in cities. Addressing these often-overlooked aspects, this paper looks at intergenerational contestations over foodways in a midsized high-density Zimbabwean town. Presenting results of 6-months ethnographic fieldwork involving participant observation and semi-structured interviews, the paper explores meanings and practices of food in a postcolonial urban setting using three generational groups as a point of departure. These groups are youth (aged 15 to 25 years old), a post-independence generation (aged 26 to 43) and a pre-independence middle-aged generation (aged 43 to 65). Findings show that foodways of the three generations, each having experienced Zimbabwe’s (post-)colonial political economy in different ways, are negotiated through postcolonial socio-ecological relations, urban–rural connections and social hierarchies articulated through urban and rural space. The paper concludes that to understand urban food security in a postcolonial setting, urbanites’ generation-specific life experiences and intergenerational negotiations around historically situated spatial and socio-ecological relations should be considered. The findings could inform urban food security policy to make it more targeted towards the needs of different generational groups as well as more attuned to urbanites’ dynamic socio-cultural foodways and the socio-ecological relations that shape these.
Genetic and Environmental Variation in Continuous Phenotypes in the ABCD Study®
Authors: Maes Hermine H. M. , Lapato Dana M. , Schmitt J. Eric , Luciana Monica , Banich Marie T. , Bjork James M. , Hewitt John K. , Madden Pamela A. , Heath Andrew C. , Barch Deanna M. , Thompson Wes K. , Iacono William G. , Neale Michael C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwin studies yield valuable insights into the sources of variation, covariation and causation in human traits. The ABCD Study® (abcdstudy.org) was designed to take advantage of four universities known for their twin research, neuroimaging, population-based sampling, and expertise in genetic epidemiology so that representative twin studies could be performed. In this paper we use the twin data to: (i) provide initial estimates of heritability for the wide range of phenotypes assessed in the ABCD Study using a consistent direct variance estimation approach, assuring that both data and methodology are sound; and (ii) provide an online resource for researchers that can serve as a reference point for future behavior genetic studies of this publicly available dataset. Data were analyzed from 772 pairs of twins aged 9–10 years at study inception, with zygosity determined using genotypic data, recruited and assessed at four twin hub sites. The online tool provides twin correlations and both standardized and unstandardized estimates of additive genetic, and environmental variation for 14,500 continuously distributed phenotypic features, including: structural and functional neuroimaging, neurocognition, personality, psychopathology, substance use propensity, physical, and environmental trait variables. The estimates were obtained using an unconstrained variance approach, so they can be incorporated directly into meta-analyses without upwardly biasing aggregate estimates. The results indicated broad consistency with prior literature where available and provided novel estimates for phenotypes without prior twin studies or those assessed at different ages. Effects of site, self-identified race/ethnicity, age and sex were statistically controlled. Results from genetic modeling of all 53,172 continuous variables, including 38,672 functional MRI variables, will be accessible via the user-friendly open-access web interface we have established, and will be updated as new data are released from the ABCD Study. This paper provides an overview of the initial results from the twin study embedded within the ABCD Study, an introduction to the primary research domains in the ABCD study and twin methodology, and an evaluation of the initial findings with a focus on data quality and suitability for future behavior genetic studies using the ABCD dataset. The broad introductory material is provided in recognition of the multidisciplinary appeal of the ABCD Study. While this paper focuses on univariate analyses, we emphasize the opportunities for multivariate, developmental and causal analyses, as well as those evaluating heterogeneity by key moderators such as sex, demographic factors and genetic background.
The Jorō spider (Trichonephila clavata) in the southeastern U.S.: an opportunity for research and a call for reasonable journalism
Authors: Chuang Angela , Deitsch John F. , Nelsen David R. , Sitvarin Michael I. , Coyle David R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrichonephila clavata, also known as the Jorō spider, was first discovered in Georgia, USA in 2014. Its arrival from Asia and subsequent range expansion across the southeastern U.S. has received much media coverage, spanning from factual to sensational. Here, we describeT. clavata's invasion potential and known invasive range, and review its biology, dispersal abilities, potential impacts, and management strategies. As of October 2022,T. clavata's range spans at least 120,000 km2, occurring across Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee, with additional reports in Alabama, Maryland, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Its pattern of spread suggests it is primarily driven by natural dispersal mechanisms, such as ballooning, though human-mediated transport cannot be discounted. Like other large-bodied orb-weavers,T. clavatacaptures and feeds on flying insects and potentially other small animals, and we suggest thirteen co-occurring spider species that should be monitored for competition withT. clavatafor resources and web-building sites. SinceT. clavatais spreading across both natural and urban habitats, management options are limited. Overall, very little is known about this species in its new North American range, especially its impacts within this novel ecosystem. Thus, we advise journalists and experts alike against exaggerating its potential environmental impact or uncritical acceptance of the spider as ecologically harmless. Instead,T. clavata's rapid spread should be carefully monitored, and we should take a cautious, evidence-based approach when determining next steps.
An evaluation of freshwater monitoring programs in ILTER nodes and mountain national parks: identifying key variables to monitor global change effects
Authors: Peñas Francisco J. , Álvarez-Cabria Mario , Sáinz-Bariáin Marta , Mata-Campo María Pilar , Pérez-Haase Aaron , Ventura Marc , Polo-Gómez María José , Alonso Carlos , Granados Ignacio , Morellón Mario , Pérez-Martínez Carmen , Rubio-Romero Ángel , Carrillo Presentación , Zamora-Muñoz Carmen , Valladolid-Martín María , Camarero Lluís , Gacia Esperança , Puig Mariàngels , Buchaca Teresa , Barquín José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIdentifying and quantifying global change impacts on biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems is critical to promote an effective adaptation that increases the success of conservation strategies. To achieve this goal, global and regional assessment efforts require certain degree of harmonization on local monitoring programs to establish relevant comparisons at different spatio-temporal scales. Otherwise, the lack of harmonization might hinder the detection and assessment on the effects of human impacts. In this work we have compiled information on freshwater monitoring programs located in areas of intensive research and conservation interest: International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) nodes and mountain National Parks. We aimed at evaluating the quality and robustness of these programs to assess the impact of global change, addressing from the worldwide to the European and Spanish national scale. Results highlighted that freshwater monitoring programs lack a common strategy to monitor these ecosystems. Even at the continental and national scales, contrasting strategies and level of detail have been historically applied. Water quality, habitat and biodiversity are more commonly monitored than community structure and ecosystem functioning. Monitoring efforts on the Spanish Mountain National parks indicated differences on the targeted aquatic ecosystems. Rivers and lakes received a higher attention, while mires were rarely considered. Our results provide evidence that greater efforts should be directed towards constructing a coordinated strategy to monitor freshwater ecosystems at national, continental, and global scales. This strategy should involve a shared backbone of biophysical and biogeochemical variables for each habitat type on agreed protocols that are implemented across regions and administrative borders. Achieving this will support a substantial advance on the ecological research to further delineate proper conservation strategies to face the challenges imposed by global change.