bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flywheel eccentric overload exercises versus barbell half squats for basketball players: Which is better for induction of post-activation performance enhancement?
Authors: Xie Hezhi , Zhang Wenfeng , Chen Xing , He Jiaxin , Lu Junbing , Gao Yuhua , Li Duanying , Li Guoxing , Ji Hongshen , Sun Jian 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study compared the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effects of a flywheel eccentric overload (FEOL) exercise and barbell half squats (BHS) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30 m sprint performance.MethodsTwelve male collegiate competitive basketball players were enrolled in this study and they implemented two training protocols: barbell half squat (BHS) and flywheel eccentric overload (FEOL) training. The BHS protocol included three intensities of load: low (40% 1RM), medium (60% 1RM), and high (80% 1RM), with each intensity consisting of 5 sets of 3 repetitions. The FEOL protocol included three inertia intensities: low (0. 015 kg∙m2), medium (0.035 kg∙m2), and high (0.075 kg∙m2), with each intensity consisting of 3 sets of 6 repetitions. The measurement time points were before training (baseline) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after training. A two-stage (stage-I and stage-II) randomized crossover design was used to determine the acute effects of both protocols on CMJ and sprint performance.ResultsAt each training intensity, the jump height, jump peak power output (PPO), jump impulse and 30m sprint speed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after BHS and FEOL training did not change significantly compared to the baseline. A 2-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant main effects of rest intervals on jump height, jump PPO, and jump impulse, as well as 30m sprint speed. The interaction of the Time × protocol showed a significant effect on jump height between BHS and FEOL groups at high intensity in stage-I (F = 3.809, p = 0.016, df = 4) and stage-II (F = 3.044, p = 0.037, df = 4). And in high training intensity, the jump height at 3 (7.78 ± 9.90% increase, ES = 0.561), 6 (8.96 ± 12.15% increase, ES = 0.579), and 9 min (8.78 ± 11.23% increase, ES = 0.608) were enhanced in I-FEOL group compared with I-BHS group (F = 3.044, p = 0.037, df = 4). In stage-II, the impulse and sprint speed of the FEOL group were significantly higher than those of the BHS group at 6, 9, and 12 min under low (FEOL = 0.015kg∙m2, BHS = 40%1RM), medium(FEOL = 0.035kg∙m2, BHS = 60%1RM), and high (FEOL = 0.075kg∙m2, BHS = 80%1RM) intensities. Furthermore, the sprint speed of the two training protocols did not change at different time points. The interaction of Time × training intensity showed lower sprint speeds in the II-BHS group at a high intensity (BHS = 80%1RM) compared to low (BHS = 40%1RM) and medium (BHS = 60%1RM) training intensities, especially at 9 min and 12 min rest intervals.ConclusionAlthough barbell half squat training and flywheel eccentric overload training did not provide a significant PAPE effect on explosive power (CMJ and sprint) in male basketball players, FEOL training showed a better potential effect on enhanced CMJ jump performance at the high training intensity.
Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyridine: Griseofulvin heterocyclic extension derivatives
Authors: El-Sharkawy Karam A. , AlBratty Mohammed , AlHazmi Hassan A. , Najmi Asim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Griseofulvin, an antifungal drug, has also shown good antiproliferative activity previously. This study was aimed to synthesize heterocyclic extension derivatives of griseofulvin and test them against cancer cell lines. Griseofulvin was hydrolyzed to afford griseofulvic acid (1) followed by hybridization with important heterocyclic moieties. Initially, the active methylene group of the 1,3-cyclohexanedione moiety in 1 was utilized to synthesize fused thiophene derivatives (4a and b) by reacting with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate together with elemental sulfur. Compounds 4a and b were further converted to fused pyrimidine derivatives (5a–d) using ethyl isothiocyanate or phenyl isothiocyanate. Compound 1 was also reacted with aryldiazonium chlorides to synthesize compounds 6a and b, which were used to prepare fused thiophene derivatives (7a–d). The resulting thiophenes (7a–d) underwent cyclization to produce fused pyridazine derivatives (8a–d). In addition, fused pyridine derivatives (10a and b) were also prepared by the reaction of 4a and b with ethyl cyanoacetate using two different catalytic bases. The first was triethylamine to form 10a and b in two steps via 9a and b, and the second was sodium ethoxide to afford 10a and b in one step. Finally, 9a and b underwent cyclization in the presence of acetylacetone to yield compounds 11a and b. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques. The synthesized compounds were subjected to cytotoxic screening against three tumor cell lines and presented good to excellent cytotoxic profiles. Compounds 4a and 11a showed significant inhibitory activity against the three cell lines compared to the standard drug doxorubicin.
The roles of HDAC with IMPDH and mTOR with JAK as future targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with combination therapy
Authors: Mane Reshma Rajendra , Kale Pravin Popatrao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Various studies have shown that cytokines are important regulators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In synovial inflammation alteration of the enzyme HDAC, IMPDH enzyme, mTOR pathway, and JAK pathway increase cytokine level. These increased cytokine levels are responsible for the inflammation in RA. Inflammation is a physiological and normal reaction of the immune system against dangerous stimuli such as injury and infection. The cytokine-based approach improves the treatment of RA. To reach this goal, various researchers and scientists are working more aggressively by using a combination approach. The present review of combination therapy provides essential evidence about the possible synergistic effect of combinatorial agents. We have focused on the effects of HDAC inhibitor with IMPDH inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor with JAK inhibitor in combination for the treatment of RA. Combining various targeted strategies can be helpful for the treatment of RA.
Immunohistochemical distribution of Bcl-2 and p53 apoptotic markers in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Nur Gokhan , Caylak Emrah , Kilicle Pinar Aksu , Sandayuk Safak , Celebi Ozlem Onen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPesticides, which adversely affect the critical metabolic processes of organisms, disrupt the physiological balance by specifically targeting enzymes and may lead to such consequences that may lead to death. It provides benefits in agricultural activities. The p53 protein antagonizes bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein character, and induces apoptosis by causing mitochondrial membrane permeability. This study aims to show the effect of acetamiprid, which is an insecticide from the neonicotinoid class, on bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity, which has an important place in the apoptotic mechanism in kidney tissue. A total of four groups including control and three experimental groups (the acetamiprid was administered 5, 10, and 15 mg kg−1) were formed in the study. After acetamiprid was administered via gavage for 14 days, the kidney tissues taken from the mice, which were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and as a result of routine tissue follow-up, the sections were blocked in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin–eosin and immunostaining. The histopathological examinations revealed that while the kidney tissue had a normal structure in the control group, degeneration in the distal and proximal tubules, glomerular degeneration, increase in the capsular area, glomerular atrophy, and haemorrhage were determined in the acetamiprid groups at increasing severity and frequency depending on the dose of the applied substance. In the kidney tissue, Bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity was observed in glomerular cells, sinusoidal epithelium, and proximal and distal tubule cells. The acetamiprid caused pathological changes in the kidneys in the dose range used. This effect also affects the expression of bcl-2 and p53 genes, which are biomarkers in the apoptotic mechanism. As acetamiprid accumulates in tissues, it increases the expression of p53 from cell death receptors, while suppressing the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression.
Ovarian aging: mechanisms and intervention strategies
Authors: Zhu Zhengmao , Xu Wanxue , Liu Lin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOvarian reserve is essential for fertility and influences healthy aging in women. Advanced maternal age correlates with the progressive loss of both the quantity and quality of oocytes. The molecular mechanisms and various contributing factors underlying ovarian aging have been uncovered. In this review, we highlight some of critical factors that impact oocyte quantity and quality during aging. Germ cell and follicle reserve at birth determines reproductive lifespan and timing the menopause in female mammals. Accelerated diminishing ovarian reserve leads to premature ovarian aging or insufficiency. Poor oocyte quality with increasing age could result from chromosomal cohesion deterioration and misaligned chromosomes, telomere shortening, DNA damage and associated genetic mutations, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alteration. We also discuss the intervention strategies to delay ovarian aging. Both the efficacy of senotherapies by antioxidants against reproductive aging and mitochondrial therapy are discussed. Functional oocytes and ovarioids could be rejuvenated from pluripotent stem cells or somatic cells. We propose directions for future interventions. As couples increasingly begin delaying parenthood in life worldwide, understanding the molecular mechanisms during female reproductive aging and potential intervention strategies could benefit women in making earlier choices about their reproductive health.
Es ist Zeit, sich aus wirtschaftlichen Abhängigkeiten zu lösen
Authors: Grimm Veronika , von Rüden Christina 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Erfolg der deutschen Wirtschaft beruht wie in kaum einer anderen großen Volkswirtschaft auf der Liberalisierung des Handels und der Integration in internationale Wertschöpfungsketten. Der Konflikt mit Russland verdeutlicht nun, wie sehr die Abhängigkeit der deutschen Wirtschaft die Handlungsspielräume Deutschlands und der Europäischen Union einschränkt. Neben der Energieversorgung rücken insbesondere Abhängigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit kritischen Rohstoffen in den Fokus, ohne die die grüne Transformation in Europa nicht gelingen kann. Bestehende Abhängigkeiten sollten daher schnell identifiziert und reduziert werden. Der Beitrag ist vor diesem Hintergrund der Frage gewidmet, wie dies im Kontext wachsender geopolitischer Spannungen gelingen kann. Veronika Grimm und Christina von Rüden zeigen, wie Europa durch eine Diversifizierung von Lieferbeziehungen und einen Ausbau der eigenen Kapazitäten zur Energieerzeugung und Rohstoffproduktion seine strategische Autonomie stärken kann, ohne seine Offenheit und die damit verbundenen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Vorteile unnötig einzuschränken.
Boda bodas: The new form of adventure tourist transportation in Uganda
Authors: Ochieng Amos , Kule Cosmas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tourist transportation at local destinations has transformed, with the use of motorcycles (Boda-bodas) becoming popular, especially for adventurous tourists. In Uganda, motorcycle taxis, also known as Boda-bodas are now popular as both a mode of tourist mobility and a tourist product. This paper makes one of the first attempts to integrate the Ugandan Boda-boda tourist transport into the global tourism academic debate. Results show a surge in the number of private operators who are providing affordable and flexible transport services to both locals and tourists. As such, more Boda-boda riders are joining government licensed associations/orgamisations for authentication. Despite its growing popularity, Boda-boda transport is still associated with challenges of road accidents and loss of clients’ property mainly due to poor enforcement and observance of road traffic and safety regulations coupled with the current poor state of the roads. Going forward, there is an urgent need to institutionalize Boda-boda tourist transport to ensure safety and security of tourists and their property as well as other road users.
Warriors’ blazing heads and eyes, Cú Chulainn and other fiery cyclopes, ‘bright’ Balar, and the etymology of Old Irish cáech ‘one-eyed’
Authors: McCone Kim 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Feurige Ausstrahlungen aus dem Kopf bzw. den Augen eines von Wut erhitzten Kriegers sind in den Literaturen mehrerer indogermanischer Völker belegt. Die Möglichkeit, derartige und andere feurige Aspekte mit dem anderswo (z. B. McCone 1996 und 2021) untersuchten kriegerischen Merkmal der Einäugigkeit zu verbinden, begründet einen offensichtlichen bzw. vermuteten etymologischen Zusammenhang zwischen Licht oder dgl. und sowohl den Namen einiger mythischer Zyklopen (z. B. Arges, Steropes und Balar) als auch gewissen Bezeichnungen der Einäugigkeit im allgemeinen wie lat. luscus und griech. κύκλωψ. Das Schicksal von Balar in der irischen Erzählung Cath Maige Tuired wird in Anlehnung an Ginevra (2020) auf die Rekonstruktion eines uridg. Mythos bezogen, der die Verblendung (und womöglich auch Tötung) eines ‘glänzenden’ einäugigen Ungeheuers durch eine von einem hinterhältigen Gott bzw. Held geworfene spießartige Waffe darstellt. Zum Schluß werden air. cáech, lat. caecus usw. auf eine uridg. Wurzel *keh₂i ̯‘brennen, leuchten’ zurückgeführt.
How much syntactic complexity could sixteenth-century Welsh cope with? The case of Maurice Kyffin’s Deffynniad Ffydd Eglwys Loegr (1595)
Authors: Poppe Erich 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz untersucht syntaktische Strukturen in Maurice Kyffins Deffynniad Ffydd Eglwys Loegr ‚Verteidigung des Glaubens der Kirche Englands‘ (1595) hinsichtlich der Varianz ihrer Komplexität. Er versteht sich damit als ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung von Methoden und Kriterien für eine syntaktische und stilistische Analyse frühneukymrischer Prosa. Deffynniad Ffydd ist eine Übersetzung von John Jewels lateinischer Apologia Ecclesiae Anglicanae, die Kyffin unter Berücksichtigung von Lady Anne Cooke Bacons englischer Übersetzung anfertigte, was vor zusätzliche methodische Probleme stellt. Hier wird jedoch kein Übersetzungsvergleich im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung des Ausgangstexts unternommen, sondern die syntaktische Form des kymrischen Texts wird als eigenständige Leistung betrachtet und analysiert. In einer ersten Mikrostudie wird dabei ein qualitativer Ansatz mit syntaktischen Detailuntersuchungen ausgewählter Sätze verfolgt. Dieser wird in einer zweiten Mikrostudie durch einen quantitativen Ansatz ergänzt; dabei werden Sätze aus gleichmäßig über den Text verteilten Passagen hinsichtlich ihrer Länge und der Anzahl ihrer subordinierten Phrasen ausgewertet. Kyffins teilweise hierarchisch sehr gegliederte Syntax und sehr langen Sätze zeigen, dass Übersetzungen ein mögliches Sprungbrett für die Ausbildung syntaktisch komplexer Sätze im Frühneukymrischen waren.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate controls endothelial sphingolipid homeostasis via ORMDL
Authors: Sasset Linda , Chowdhury Kamrul H , Manzo Onorina L , Rubinelli Luisa , Konrad Csaba , Maschek J Alan , Manfredi Giovanni , Holland William L , Di Lorenzo Annarita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisruption of sphingolipid homeostasis and signaling has been implicated in diabetes, cancer, cardiometabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, mechanisms governing cellular sensing and regulation of sphingolipid homeostasis remain largely unknown. In yeast, serine palmitoyltransferase, catalyzing the first and rate‐limiting step of sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis, is negatively regulated by Orm1 and 2. Lowering sphingolipids triggers Orms phosphorylation, upregulation of serine palmitoyltransferase activity and sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis. However, mammalian orthologs ORMDLs lack the N‐terminus hosting the phosphosites. Thus, which sphingolipid(s) are sensed by the cells, and mechanisms of homeostasis remain largely unknown. Here, we identify sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) as key sphingolipid sensed by cells via S1PRs to maintain homeostasis. The increase in S1P‐S1PR signaling stabilizes ORMDLs, restraining SPT activity. Mechanistically, the hydroxylation of ORMDLs at Pro137 allows a constitutive degradation of ORMDLs via ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, preserving SPT activity. Disrupting S1PR/ORMDL axis results in ceramide accrual, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired signal transduction, all underlying endothelial dysfunction, early event in the onset of cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases. Our discovery may provide the molecular basis for therapeutic intervention restoring sphingolipid homeostasis.
Presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the conjunctival mucosa in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: Pathophysiological considerations and therapeutic implications
Authors: Végh András , Csorba Anita , Koller Ákos , Mohammadpour Behnam , Killik Petra , István Lilla , Magyar Márton , Fenesi Teréz , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in a worldwide pandemic, due to its great capacity to invade the human body. Previous studies have shown that the primary route of invasion of this virus is the human respiratory tract via the co-expression of ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2, a serine protease on the cellular surface. Interestingly, this condition is present not only on the respiratory epithelium but on the conjunctival mucosa, as well. Thus, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 is present on the conjunctival mucosa.AimTo prove that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the conjunctiva.MethodsPreviously nasopharyngeal swab-sample based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive COVID-19 infected patients were selected at the COVID Care Centers of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Semmelweis University. During their recovery, both nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swab-samples were taken and PCR method was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe study population consisted of 97 patients, 49 females (50.5%) and 48 males (49.5%), with a mean age of 67.2 ± 11.9 years. During recovery, with nasopharyngeal swabs, the PCR test was positive in 55 cases (56.70%), whereas with conjunctival swabs it was positive in 8 cases (8.25%). Both tests were positive in 5 cases (5.15%). In some patients, ocular symptoms were observed as well. The rest of the patients (29 cases) had negative nasopharyngeal PCR tests during recovery.ConclusionsAlthough only in few cases, the data of the present study provides a proof of concept that SARS-CoV-2 can be present on the conjunctival mucosa even in nasopharyngeal negative patients, a finding, which can have clinical importance. Also, on the basis of these findings one can hypothesize that - in addition to the respiratory tract – the conjunctiva can be an entrance route for SARS-CoV-2 to the human body. Thus, in high-risk conditions, in addition to covering the mouth and nose with mask, the protection of the eyes is also strongly recommended.
Parents’ mediation and a child’s agency: A transnational sojourner family’s online and offline language socialization
Authors: Sari Artanti Puspita 
Published: November 2022

Parents of transnational sojourner families, who stay temporarily in a country other than their own, navigate across online and offline spaces to mediate their children’s socialization into the linguistic competence they need for both contexts, namely the host country and the homeland. Simultaneously, their children establish agency in developing their own linguistic competence. However, language socialization studies have rarely examined the interconnection between parents’ mediation and children’s agency across both online and offline spaces of socialization. In this light, this study presents an ethnographic study that examined parents’ mediation and a child’s agency in the online and offline language socialization of an Indonesian-Muslim transnational sojourner family in the United States, which is underexplored in language research. Additionally, using Darvin and Norton’s (2015) investment model, it explored how the family’s identities, ideologies, and capital structured the child’s language socialization. Data were collected from observations, interviews, and artifacts that depict language practices within the family. In-depth thematic analysis through triangulation of the various forms of data was conducted to obtain trustworthiness. The findings demonstrated that parents’ mediation and their child’s agency across online and offline spaces contributed to the development of the child’s linguistic and multimodal repertoires while also strengthening the family’s local and cross-border connections. The findings also demonstrated competing priorities in identity as well as in social and cultural capital investment, which were eventually resolved. The study provides a deeper understanding of transnational sojourners’ language investment in their imagined communities, which span across the host and the home countries.
Enhancing student participation in learning to write a recount text: Learning from EFL pre-service teachers in implementing R2L pedagogy
Authors: Nurlaelawati Iyen , Gunawan Wawan , Lengkanawati Nenden Sri 
Published: November 2022

Reading to Learn (R2L) Pedagogy evolved from the development of genre pedagogy, which has gained more attraction in language teaching and learning. In an effort to continuously yield empirical advantages in supporting students’ learning in reading and writing, genre pedagogy has been much researched in the field of teaching involving experienced teachers. Nonetheless, investigating R2L pedagogy enacted by EFL preservice teachers having no experience in teaching leaves a gap in the existing literature, thus becoming the aim of this study. The study was carried out in a case study design, involving three preservice teachers in a teaching practicum program as the participants. The study took place in a high school in West Java Province, Indonesia. The data were collected through classroom observations and interviews, which then were analyzed to search for themes generated by a qualitative approach and amplified by pedagogic register analysis. The findings showed that through adaptation and modification, the participants implemented most of the stages of R2L pedagogy in their teaching context. The phases of teaching and learning created classroom interaction better between the preservice teachers and students, leading to enhancing student participation in the teaching and learning activities. The analysis also indicated the challenges that the participants encountered, such as text selection and contextual strategies of detailed reading. This study suggests that R2L pedagogy provides purposeful staged activities significant in enhancing students’ participation, thus leading to better student learning engagement.