bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Efficacy of Cervical Lesions by Cytology and Colposcopy
Authors: Pacheco I. Hernández , Ledezma J. C. Ruvalcaba , Gómez M. Rivera , Vázquez J. Reynoso , Pontigo L. López , Rembao L. O. Aguirre , Verónica Sánchez Martínez Diana , Escalera A. Moya 
Published: August 2022

Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of death in women worldwide. The highest incidence rates are found in developing countries; in Mexico, it represents one of the main causes of death in women, which is why it is a real public health problem.
Objective: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of low and high grade lesions in the cervix using colposcopy and cytology in women attending the medical services unit the of the State of Hidalgo.
Material and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational epidemiological study was carried out in 243 women with complete information in the database who attended the cervical-uterine and qualitative cancer screening test from the ethnomethodology focused on the key informants' discourse.
Results: Out of 278, 243 subjects were selected for the analysis, of which 115 (47%) attended during 2012, 111 (46%) during 2013 and 17 (7%) during the months of January to May of the year 2014, with a minimum age of 19 years, a maximum age of 63, a mean of 41 and a standard deviation of 9.92 years, and in none of the cases differences were detected in general for the diagnosis of low- and high-grade injury. Currently the problem of non-unified codes for capturing information continues.
Conclusions: It is necessary to unify the information capture codes, since diversity was found in the codes used that denote information on each captured case. Currently, this problem continues regarding the information capture codes, which denotes difficulty and negative results operationally.
CSR Engagement and Identification with the Moderating Effect of Social Capital and Construal Level
Authors: Lii Yuan-shuh , Ding May-Ching , Yang Alan Chin-Chien 
Published: August 2022

Aims: Previous research has primarily focused on companies’ overall use of Facebook and message strategies on CSR-dedicated Facebook pages. The current research is developed to fill this gap in the literature. Specifically, we propose how the quantity of Facebook use (number of Facebook friends, time spent using Facebook) and motivations for accessing Facebook (making new friends, maintaining ties with current friends) relate to consumer engagement in CSR initiatives and consumer identification in both direct and moderating routes. Furthermore, the current research integrates and proposes multiple moderators under a theoretical framework of social capital and construal level theories.
Methods: A literature review integrated with theoretical background leads to propositions.
Conclusions: Given the fact that Facebook has grown to be the most popular social networking site (SNS), companies have begun to adopt the platform in their corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. This research not only fills the literature gaps of CSR initiatives and moderators on SNS, Facebook in particular but also these propositions can provide more possibilities for companies to reconsider and redesign their CSR strategy and program via SNS.
Knowledge, Attitude and Utilization of HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Health-Care Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Enugu State, South East Nigeria
Authors: Paulinus Igweagu Chukwuma , Anthonia Ezugwu Uchechukwu , Joseph Egbumike Chukwuenyegom 
Published: August 2022

Background: It is impossible to overstate the significance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Post-exposure Prophylaxis (HIV PEP), which has demonstrably reduced the risk of getting the fatal disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It is crucial for the public health to understand the effects of an HIV infection in a health care worker (HCW). Because of the risks associated with their jobs, these HCWs are more likely to contract an infection.
Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and utilization of HIV PEP among health care workers in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane, Enugu State.
Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample size was 204 HCWs and 200 questionnaires were returned for analysis. The sample was selected by stratified sampling technique. The data was analyzed using statistical packaged for social science (SPSS).
Results: The study revealed that majority of the respondents were within the age range of 26-30and 31-35 years (24.5% each). Majority (65.6%) were married and most (44.0%) were nurses. About 89% have heard of HIV PEP. Almost forty-three percent (42.5%) have been accidentally exposed to needle stick injury before but only 39% reported. Even a less percentage (21%) went ahead to take PEP.
Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the correspondents were aware of HIV PEP but only a few deemed it necessary to practice what they know. Therefore, there is a great need for health education on the right approach to HIV PEP in this institution and the general population. This will go a long way to help reduce the incidence of HIV infection and improve the utilization of HIV PEP among HCWs in ESUTH.
Transcriptome Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites during in vivo Contact-independent Mediated Host-parasite Interaction: Putative Pathways Related to PCD
Authors: Ishiwara David Guillermo Pérez , Shibayama Mineko , Nakada-Tsukui Kumiko , Jeelani Ghulam , Gómez-García María del Consuelo , Flores Olivia Medel , Nozaki Tomoyoshi 
Published: August 2022

Aim: In the present study, we exploited DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis and showed overall changes in gene expression in vivo of amoebic trophozoites that interact with animal soluble factors using an intraperitoneal dialysis bag model to elucidate putative molecular pathways and genes involved in this interaction.
Study Design: We exploited DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis.
Results: An analysis from a network including the interactions of up-regulated genes and their neighbors revealed the presence of 11 functionally related modules. Six of the modules obtained were related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions, such as degradation, stress, proteasome-ubiquitination, phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and protein sorting. Furthermore, major transcriptional changes displayed by the parasite at the beginning of interaction were attributed to the response to the host defense. These data are consistent with the notion that the concerted expression of genes necessary for survival such as increment in protein synthesis, cytoskeleton rearrangement, vesicular traffic and genes involved in cell death including calcium imbalance and the ER signals associated with protein degradation (ERAD) is an overall landscape during the in vivo interaction between the amoebic trophozoites and animal soluble factors, and suggest that the ER stress is one of the main pathways leading to programmed cell death in E. histolytica.
Conclusion: The present findings on the global transcriptional changes displayed by the parasite at the early stages of interaction with host environments in peritoneal implantation indicate that a substantial proportion of concerted changes in gene expression in amoebic trophozoites are attributable to the parasite’s response for cell death signals due to ER stress. A detailed knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanism might suggest the efficient elimination of this parasite by promoting their death pathways.
Monte Carlo modeling of the Elekta Versa HD and patient dose calculation with EGSnrc/BEAMnrc
Authors: Paschal Holly M. (Parenica) , Kabat Christopher N. , Papaconstadopoulos Pavlos , Kirby Neil A. , Myers Pamela A. , Wagner Timothy D. , Stathakis Sotirios 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies have proven the Monte Carlo method to be an accurate means of dose calculation. Although there are several commercial Monte Carlo treatment planning systems (TPSs), some clinics may not have access to these resources. We present a method for routine, independent patient dose calculations from treatment plans generated in a commercial TPS with our own Monte Carlo model using free, open‐source software.Materials and methodsA model of the Elekta Versa HD linear accelerator was developed using the EGSnrc codes. A MATLAB script was created to take clinical patient plans and convert the DICOM RTP files into a format usable by EGSnrc. Ten patients’ treatment plans were exported from the Monaco TPS to be recalculated using EGSnrc. Treatment simulations were done in BEAMnrc, and doses were calculated using Source 21 in DOSXYZnrc. Results were compared to patient plans calculated in the Monaco TPS and evaluated in Verisoft with a gamma criterion of 3%/2 mm.ResultsOur Monte Carlo model was validated within 1%/1‐mm accuracy of measured percent depth doses and profiles. Gamma passing rates ranged from 82.1% to 99.8%, with 7 out of 10 plans having a gamma pass rate over 95%. Lung and prostate patients showed the best agreement with doses calculated in Monaco. All statistical uncertainties in DOSXYZnrc were less than 3.0%.ConclusionA Monte Carlo model for routine patient dose calculation was successfully developed and tested. This model allows users to directly recalculate DICOM RP files containing patients’ plans that have been exported from a commercial TPS.
Observer‐based active fault‐tolerant control for a class of pure‐feedback switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Wei Yingxin , Wang Lidong , Li Zhongfeng 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAn active fault‐tolerant control (FTC) strategy for a class of switched nonlinear systems in pure‐feedback form by using average dwell time method is investigated in this article. The unknown functions in the system are approximated directly by fuzzy logic systems. A fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unavailable states, based on which, a fault detection project is designed. In fault‐free case, all the signals in the closed‐loop system are proved to be bounded under the control of the designed input. The fault estimation and FTC projects will be activated after a fault has been detected. In addition, the active FTC is constructed in the framework of backstepping design technique. The proposed controller guarantee that all the closed‐loop signals remain bounded under a class of switching signals with average dwell time. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Altering Thermal Transformation Pathway to Create Closed Pores in Coal‐Derived Hard Carbon and Boosting of Na+ Plateau Storage for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery and Sodium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Wang Kunfang , Sun Fei , Wang Hua , Wu Dongyang , Chao Yuxin , Gao Jihui , Zhao Guangbo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoal features low‐cost and high carbon yield and is considered as a promising precursor for carbon anode of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs). Regulation of microcrystalline state and pore configuration of coal structure during thermal transformation is key to boost Na+ storage behavior. Herein, a facile strategy is reported to create abundant closed pores in anthracite‐derived carbon that greatly improves Na+ plateau storage. An altered thermal transformation pathway of chemical activation followed by high‐temperature carbonization is adopted to achieve the conversion of open nanopores and ordered carbon crystallite into closed pores surrounded by short‐range carbon structures. The optimized sample delivers a large reversible capacity of 308 mAh g–1 that is dominantly contributed by the low‐voltage plateau process. Experimental results reveal the enhanced pore‐filling mechanism in the developed closed pores. Benefitting from the improved plateau behavior, the constructed SIB delivers a high‐energy density of 231.2 Wh kg–1 with an average voltage of 3.22 V; the assembled full‐carbon SIC shows high energy and power densities (101.8 Wh kg–1 and 2.9 kW kg–1). This work provides a universal thermal transformation approach for designing high‐performance carbon anode with closed porosity from low‐cost and highly aromatic precursors.
Micro‐Nano Porous Structure for Efficient Daytime Radiative Sky Cooling
Authors: Liu Junwei , Tang Huajie , Jiang Chongxu , Wu Shiqiang , Ye Long , Zhao Dongliang , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the aggravation of global warming and extreme weather, cooling demand has witnessed a continuous increase and is expected to increase tenfold by 2050. Radiative sky cooling (RSC) without any pollution and energy consumption has drawn worldwide attention in the past few years. Large‐scale and scalable porous cooling materials have greatly advanced the progress of this technology. Herein, a critical review on porous cooling materials with the goal of advancing their commercial applications is presented. The detailed design principles of daytime radiative cooling are first discussed to clarify the critical factors of porous structures for great cooling performance. What follows are detailed discussions on porous cooling materials from pore‐forming methods. Subsequently, the recent progress of the promising particle‐embedding porous structures, mainly including white and colorful coolers for various applications, is outlined. Additionally, some special cooling materials are highlighted to further broaden the applications of RSC technology. Last but not the least, the remaining open challenges and the insights are presented for the further advance of the commercialization progress.
Revealing the Evolution Processes of Excitons on High Energy Level in Anthracene‐Based OLEDs
Authors: Xiao Shu , Qiao Xianfeng , Lin Chengwei , Li Yuanzhao , Ying Shian , Qin Jianwen , Guo Runda , Wang Lei , Ma Yuguang , Ma Dongge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that the electrically generated excitons can perform the spin evolution between high‐lying excited states, providing an efficient way to utilize triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Anthracene families offer an opportunity to deeply investigate the processes of triplet excitons on high‐lying excited states in detail. Here, a simplified model is proposed to study the exciton dynamics in anthracene derivatives‐based devices. The mechanism on the processes of high‐energy level intersystem crossing in anthracene derivatives is well revealed by theoretical calculation, transient electroluminescence, transient photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectrum measurements. Besides, doping strategy is proposed to suppress the exciton loss channel for improving the efficiency of devices. The studies establish an in situ method to evaluate the apparent singlet exciton formation ratio in devices due to the exciton evolution between high‐lying excited states and offer some clues to further utilize these triplet excitons, thus improving the efficiency of the resulting fluorescence OLEDs in the future.
An Injectable Rapid‐Adhesion and Anti‐Swelling Adhesive Hydrogel for Hemostasis and Wound Sealing
Authors: Bian Shaoquan , Hao Liuzhi , Qiu Xin , Wu Jun , Chang Hao , Kuang Guan‐Ming , Zhang Sheng , Hu Xiaohua , Dai Yakang , Zhou Zhiyong , Huang Fangli , Liu Chun , Zou Xuenong , Liu Wenguang , Lu Willima W. , Pan Haobo , Zhao Xiaoli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInjectable hydrogel adhesives integrating both rapid adhesion to wet tissues and anti‐swelling in humid environments are highly desired for fast hemostasis and wound sealing in surgical applications. Herein, utilizing the synergistic effect of thermo‐sensitive shrinkable nano‐micelle gelators and small molecular adhesive moieties, an injectable hydrogel with rapid‐adhesion and anti‐swelling properties (RAAS hydrogel) is fabricated. The RAAS hydrogel can undergo ultrafast gelation to achieve wet adhesion within 2 s of ultraviolet illumination and exhibit an outstanding anti‐swelling performance with non‐expansion of volume during the whole degradation process. It also presents good biocompatibility and low risk of hemolysis. Its fast hemostasis is demonstrated in diverse hemorrhage models with injuries in the liver, artery, heart, cranial vessel, and brain cortex in small animals. Importantly, its volume stability in humid internal environment can maintain the strong adhesion strength and avoid compression injury to spinal cord when applied for dura sealing. These data suggest that the injectable RAAS hydrogel holds potential for the applications of fast hemostasis and wound sealing with the benefits of stable adhesion and reducing the risk of tissue compression injury.
A Meta‐Device for Intelligent Depth Perception
Authors: Chen Mu Ku , Liu Xiaoyuan , Wu Yongfeng , Zhang Jingcheng , Yuan Jiaqi , Zhang Zhengnan , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe optical illusion affects depth‐sensing due to the limited and specific light‐field information acquired by single‐lens imaging. The incomplete depth information or visual deception would cause cognitive errors. To resolve this problem, an intelligent and compact depth‐sensing meta‐device that is miniaturized, integrated, and applicable for diverse scenes in all light levels is demonstrated. The compact and multifunction stereo vision system adopts an array with 3600 achromatic meta‐lenses and a size of 1.2 × 1.2 mm2to measure the depth over a 30 cm range with deep‐learning support. The meta‐lens array can act as multiple imaging lenses to collect light field information. It can also work with a light source as an active optical device to project a structured light. The meta‐lens array can serve as the core functional component of a light‐field imaging system under bright conditions or a structured‐light projection system in the dark. The depth information in both ways can be analyzed and extracted by the convolutional neural network. This work provides a new avenue for the applications such as autonomous driving, machine vision, human–computer interaction, augmented reality, biometric identification, etc.
Universal Hopping Motion Protected by Structural Topology
Authors: Song Moojune , You Mujin , Yang Seungmo , Ju Tae‐Seong , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Hwang Chanyong , Kim Kyoung‐Whan , Park Albert Min Gyu , Kim Kab‐Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA scaling law elucidates the universality in nature, presiding over many physical phenomena which seem unrelated. Thus, exploring the universality class of scaling law in a particular system enlightens its physical nature in relevance to other systems and sometimes unearths an unprecedented new dynamic phase. Here, the dynamics of weakly driven magnetic skyrmions are investigated, and its scaling law is compared with the motion of a magnetic domain wall (DW) creep. This study finds that the skyrmion does not follow the scaling law of the DW creep in 2D space but instead shows a hopping behavior similar to that of the particle‐like DW in 1D confinement. In addition, the hopping law satisfies even when a topological charge of the skyrmion is removed. Therefore, the distinct scaling behavior between the magnetic skyrmion and the DW stems from a general principle beyond the topological charge. This study demonstrates that the hopping behavior of skyrmions originates from the bottleneck process induced by DW segments with diverging collective lengths, which is inevitable in any closed‐shape spin structure in 2D. This work reveals that the structural topology of magnetic texture determines the universality class of its weakly driven motion, which is distinguished from the universality class of magnetic DW creep.
Charge Transport in Twisted Organic Semiconductor Crystals of Modulated Pitch
Authors: Yang Yongfan , Silva de Moraes Lygia , Ruzié Christian , Schweicher Guillaume , Geerts Yves Henri , Kennedy Alan R. , Zhou Hengyu , Whittaker St. John , Lee Stephanie S. , Kahr Bart , Shtukenberg Alexander G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany molecular crystals (approximately one third) grow as twisted, helicoidal ribbons from the melt, and this preponderance is even higher in restricted classes of materials, for instance, charge‐transfer complexes. Previously, twisted crystallites of such complexes present an increase in carrier mobilities. Here, the effect of twisting on charge mobility is better analyzed for a monocomponent organic semiconductor, 2,5‐bis(3‐dodecyl‐2‐thienyl)‐thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (BDT), that forms twisted crystals with varied helicoidal pitches and makes possible a correlation of twist strength with carrier mobility. Films are analyzed by X‐ray scattering and Mueller matrix polarimetry to characterize the microscale organization of the polycrystalline ensembles. Carrier mobilities of organic field‐effect transistors are five times higher when the crystals are grown with the smallest pitches (most twisted), compared to those with the largest pitches, along the fiber elongation direction. A tenfold increase is observed along the perpendicular direction. Simulation of electrical potential based on scanning electron microscopy images and density functional theory suggests that the twisting‐enhanced mobility is mainly controlled by the fiber organization in the film. A greater number of tightly packed twisted fibers separated by numerous smaller gaps permit better charge transport over the film surface compared to fewer big crystallites separated by larger gaps.
Nondestructive Photopatterning of Heavy‐Metal‐Free Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Jeehye , Lee Myeongjae , Park Se Young , Park Myoungjin , Kim Jonghoon , Sitapure Niranjan , Hahm Donghyo , Rhee Seunghyun , Lee Daeyeon , Jo Hyunwoo , Jo Yong Hyun , Lim Jaemin , Kim Jungwook , Shin Tae Joo , Lee Doh C. , Kwak Kyungwon , Kwon Joseph S. , Kim BongSoo , Bae Wan Ki , Kang Moon Sung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectroluminescence from quantum dots (QDs) is a suitable photon source for futuristic displays offering hyper‐realistic images with free‐form factors. Accordingly, a nondestructive and scalable process capable of rendering multicolored QD patterns on a scale of several micrometers needs to be established. Here, nondestructive direct photopatterning for heavy‐metal‐free QDs is reported using branched light‐driven ligand crosslinkers (LiXers) containing multiple azide units. The branched LiXers effectively interlock QD films via photo‐crosslinking native aliphatic QD surface ligands without compromising the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of QDs. Using branched LiXers with six sterically engineered azide units, RGB QD patterns are achieved on the micrometer scale. The photo‐crosslinking process does not affect the photoluminescence and electroluminescence characteristics of QDs and extends the device lifetime. This nondestructive method can be readily adapted to industrial processes and make an immediate impact on display technologies, as it uses widely available photolithography facilities and high‐quality heavy‐metal‐free QDs with aliphatic ligands.