bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BDNF as a potential predictive biomarker for patients with pediatric cerebral palsy
Authors: Hanna Hanan , Youness Eman R. , Orban Hisham A. Aziz , El-Bassyouni Hala T. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children, which is instigated by damage to the developing brain that affects the ability to control the muscles. The main types of CP are spastic CP, dyskinesia CP and mixed CP. The aim of this work was to estimate the concentrations of complete blood count (CBC), erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in children with CP compared to the control group. Methods: A total of 75 Egyptian children were enrolled in this study, 45 had CP and 30 were controls. CBC, ESR, CRP, BDNF, and TNF-α were assessed. Results: The ESR, CRP and TNF-α levels showed statistically significant increases in cases compared with controls. While the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and the BDNF levels were significantly lower in CP compared with the controls. When comparing the different groups of CP with each other; there were no significant differences. Regarding the correlation of BDNF and different studied parameters, our study showed a positive correlation between BDNF and TNF levels only within the group with spastic CP. Conclusions: BDNF may be considered as a biomarker or treatment target for CP to avoid further complications as still there is insufficient progress in the prediction, early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CP. Furthermore, searching for novel strategies to increase BDNF levels may open a new opportunity for the treatment of CP.
Comparison of the effects of therapeutic exercise with either an educational booklet or vitamin-D3 supplement in the management of chronic low back pain: study protocol for an assessor blinded multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Hossain K. M. Amran , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Parvin Rashida , Urme Nadia Afrin , Raigangar Veena , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Kabir Md. Feroz , Zahid Md. Ashrafuzzaman 
Published: November 2022

Background: It is important to know the best intervention approach to replenish serum vitamin D levels along with therapeutic interventions for chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. From the researcher’s knowledge, no study compared “vitamin D supplement” or “booklet education on sun exposure, nutrition and lifestyle” with therapeutic exercise for CLBP cases. Researchers hypothesize that multidimensional comprehensive management of therapeutic exercise and an education booklet (TEB) on sun exposure, nutrition, and lifestyle might be superior to therapeutic exercise and oral vitamin D supplement (TED) for CLBP patients with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: We planned for an assessor-blinded two-arm multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) protocol to compare the efficacy of TEB compared to TED for CLBP patients with vitamin D deficiency at 2 months and 6 months after baseline recruitment in designated centers in Dhaka city. The primary outcome measures will include pain by Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and serum vitamin D3 level and secondary outcome measures will include disability by Ronald Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Discussion: This study will provide evidence for an appropriate prescription for the management of CLBP patients having vitamin D deficiency. Registration: Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI/2022/11/047074).
Pharmacotherapy of androgenetic alopecia – a literature review
Authors: Tyszkiewicz Marcin , Pożarowska Kinga , Rosińska Agata , Orczykowski Maciej 
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION: Androgenetic alopecia, also known as male pattern baldness, is a common dermatological problem. It manifests as hair thinning and miniaturization of hair follicles. In recent years, knowledge of the risk factors and pathomechanisms of this disease has increased, making treatment more effective. Serious consequences of this condition include reduced quality of life and patient self-esteem.
PURPOSE OF THE WORK: The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss selected studies involving agents used in the pharmacotherapy of androgenetic alopecia and to evaluate their safety and efficacy.
DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: There are two drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia - oral finasteride 1 mg and 2% or 5% minoxidil solution for topical use. There are also other preparations for external use, such as 0.1% finasteride solution or ketoconaloze shampoo, and for oral use, dutasteride. They seem to be a promising alternative for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, but require further research. It is possible to use one drug of choice or to use combination therapy to achieve better therapeutic effects.
SUMMARY: In order to achieve the best and fastest treatment results, patients should be treated with combination therapy consisting of two or more preparations. To reduce systemic side effects, consider using several topical preparations.
Diet and physical activity in the treatment of obesity - current knowledge
Authors: Brzuszkiewicz Kinga , Rudziński Gracjan , Pożarowska Kinga , Grunwald Arkadiusz 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Obesity is now becoming a growing problem and challenge for medicine. The number of people with excessive body weight has now reached more than 2 billion, or about 30% of the world's population. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe some of the already known treatments for obesity, along with the latest research on the subject, in order to show the importance of developing and introducing new methods of weight loss.Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the impact of obesity on health and the diets offered to people struggling with the disease.Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database up to November 2022, using the keywords.Results: Consistently limiting caloric intake is a must when losing weight. There are also diets such as low-carbohydrate, low-fat and high-protein diets, but following them can also have some side effects. For example, a high-protein diet can lead to kidney stones. The Mediterranean diet is also a good option for people with obesity. It lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. All obesity treatment suggestions consistently recommend a balanced and low-calorie diet with reduced fat (along with saturated fatty acids) and optimal amounts of fiber. In addition to diet, physical activity is an important topic. The primary recommendation for people with obesity is at least moderate to vigorous physical activity of at least 150 minutes per week.Summary: In conclusion, the overarching goal of obesity treatment is to improve quality of life. Calorie restriction, regular exercise or a combination of both is accepted as an effective strategy for preventing or treating obesity.
Lucjan Malinowski jako historyk języka
Authors: Dunaj Bogusław , Mycawka Mirosława 
Published: November 2022

LUCJAN MALINOWSKI AS A HISTORIAN OF LANGUAGE
The main merit of Lucjan Malinowski is the initiation of scientific linguistics in Kraków. His research was related to dialectology and history of Polish language. The authors of the article discussed his historical and linguistic analyses. They referred to: a) publishing Old-Polish texts; b) publishing materials excerpted from the old texts; c) collecting materials for the dictionary of the Old-Polish language; d) lexicographic studies; e) language of writers.
Czynniki rozwoju języka polskiego w Chinach
Authors: Ruszer Andrzej 
Published: November 2022

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH LANGUAGE IN CHINA
The main issue of the paper is the analysis of the key factors which affect the development of the Polish language in China. Each of these factors has been discussed in this article against the background of language policy and power of Polish language in mainland China. The author, starting with a review of important concepts on this subject, tries to indicate the factors determining the creation of new Polish studies faculties and Polish studies centres in mainland China. Political and economic factors, the task-oriented approach of Chinese institutions in combination with a far-reaching profit planning strategy, factors related to regional cooperation between Poland and China, as well as sentimental and historical ones are considered to be the most significant aspects. The author tries to find a common denominator for the actions of Polish public diplomacy and often arbitrary decisions of the Chinese authorities in promoting Polish language in China. He points out some challenges and threats related to the dynamic development of Polish in China.
The reliability and clinical utility of a simple MRI based classification tool for acute scaphoid injuries: the OxSMART
Authors: Dean Benjamin J. F. , Berridge Anna , Berkowitz Yaron , Little Christopher , Sheehan Warren , Riley Nicholas , Costa Matthew , Sellon Edward 
Published: November 2022

Aims The evidence demonstrating the superiority of early MRI has led to increased use of MRI in clinical pathways for acute wrist trauma. The aim of this study was to describe the radiological characteristics and the inter-observer reliability of a new MRI based classification system for scaphoid injuries in a consecutive series of patients. Methods We identified 80 consecutive patients with acute scaphoid injuries at one centre who had presented within four weeks of injury. The radiographs and MRI scans were assessed by four observers, two radiologists, and two hand surgeons, using both pre-existing classifications and a new MRI based classification tool, the Oxford Scaphoid MRI Assessment Rating Tool (OxSMART). The OxSMART was used to categorize scaphoid injuries into three grades: contusion (grade 1); unicortical fracture (grade 2); and complete bicortical fracture (grade 3). Results In total there were 13 grade 1 injuries, 11 grade 2 injuries, and 56 grade 3 injuries in the 80 consecutive patients. The inter-observer reliability of the OxSMART was substantial (Kappa = 0.711). The inter-observer reliability of detecting an obvious fracture was moderate for radiographs (Kappa = 0.436) and MRI (Kappa = 0.543). Only 52% (29 of 56) of the grade 3 injuries were detected on plain radiographs. There were two complications of delayed union, both of which occurred in patients with grade 3 injuries, who were promptly treated with cast immobilization. There were no complications in the patients with grade 1 and 2 injuries and the majority of these patients were treated with early mobilization as pain allowed. Conclusion This MRI based classification tool, the OxSMART, is reliable and clinically useful in managing patients with acute scaphoid injuries. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(11):913–920.
A genetic approach for authentication on morphological differences of cultivated pompano species in Indonesia
Authors: HAKIM AGUS ALIM , DIKRURAHMAN DIKRURAHMAN , MUHLIS SAHIDAN , ASTUTI RETNO PUJI , SARI DYAH WIDYA , KAMAL MOHAMMAD MUKHLIS 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Hakim AA, Dikrurahman, Muhlis S, Astuti RP, Sari DW, Kamal MM. 2022. A genetic approach for authentication on morphological differences of cultivated pompano species in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4561-4569. Due to the increasing demand for animal protein, the Batam Marine Cultivation Fisheries Center (BPBL Batam) developed pompano (Trachinotus spp.) for aquaculture. Because of the different external characteristics, local communities recognized three types of pompano, i.e., bintang, emas, andhibridpompano. The study aimed to prove the authenticity of cultivated pompano (Trachinotus spp.) with morphological differences based on a DNA barcoding approach with 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) partial genesequences. A total of 30 barcode sequences from COI and 16S rRNA genes were obtained from three types of pompano, and all samples were validated as Trachinotus blochii with percent identity of 99.85-100% by COI and 100% by 16S rRNA. Emas, bintang, and hibrid pompano also have the same or very similar GC content both based on COI and 16S rRNA sequences. The average genetic distances calculated between species in the genusTrachinotus were 0.09 and 0.02 among COI and 16S rRNA sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis constructed from COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences of all types of pompano and related species segregated genus into one clade (T. blochii) and the outgroup (other species) as another clade. This study contributed essential genetic data to the NCBI database both COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Despite having morphological differences, all types of pompano were successfully authenticated into the same species because they have identical nucleotide base arrangements and can be presumed from the same ancestor.
Target product profiles for novel medicines to prevent and treat preeclampsia: An expert consensus
Authors: Mcdougall Annie Ra , Tuttle Andrew , Goldstein Maya , Ammerdorffer Anne , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Vogel Joshua P. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Preeclampsia and eclampsia are a leading cause of global maternal and newborn mortality. Currently, there are few effective medicines that can prevent or treat preeclampsia. Target Product Profiles (TPPs) are important tools for driving new product development by specifying upfront the characteristics that new products should take. Considering the lack of investment and innovation around new medicines for obstetric conditions, we aimed to develop two new TPPs for medicines to prevent and treat preeclampsia.

Methods and findings
We used a multi-methods approach comprised of a literature review, stakeholder interviews, online survey, and public consultation. Following an initial literature review, diverse stakeholders (clinical practice, research, academia, international organizations, funders, consumer representatives) were invited for in-depth interviews and an online international survey, as well as public consultation on draft TPPs. The level of stakeholder agreement with TPPs was assessed, and findings from interviews were synthesised to inform the final TPPs. We performed 23 stakeholder interviews and received 46 survey responses. A high level of agreement was observed in survey results, with 89% of TPP variables reaching consensus (75% agree or strongly agree). Points of discussion were raised around the target population for preeclampsia prevention and treatment, as well as the acceptability of cold-chain storage and routes of administration.

Conclusion
There is consensus within the maternal health research community on the parameters that new medicines for preeclampsia prevention and treatment must achieve to meet real-world health needs. These TPPs provide necessary guidance to spur interest, innovation and investment in the development of new medicines to prevent and treat preeclampsia.
Feedback of individual genetic and genomics research results: A qualitative study involving grassroots communities in Uganda
Authors: Ochieng Joseph , Kwagala Betty , Barugahare John , Möller Marlo , Moodley Keymanthri 
Published: November 2022

Background
Genetics and genomics research (GGR) is associated with several challenges including, but not limited to, methods and implications of sharing research findings with participants and their family members, issues of confidentiality, and ownership of data obtained from samples. Additionally, GGR holds significant potential risk for social and psychological harms. Considerable research has been conducted globally, and has advanced the debate on return of genetic and genomics testing results. However, such investigations are limited in the African setting, including Uganda where research ethics guidance on return of results is deficient or suboptimal at best. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions of grassroots communities on if and how feedback of individual genetics and genomics testing results should occur in Uganda with a view to improving ethics guidance.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that employed a qualitative exploratory approach. Five deliberative focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 42 participants from grassroots communities representing three major ethnic groupings. These were rural settings and the majority of participants were subsistence farmers with limited or no exposure to GGR. Data were analysed through thematic analysis, with both deductive and inductive approaches applied to interrogate predetermined themes and to identify any emerging themes. NVivo software (QSR international 2020) was used to support data analysis and illustrative quotes were extracted.

Results
All the respondents were willing to participate in GGR and receive feedback of results conditional upon a health benefit. The main motivation was diagnostic and therapeutic benefits as well as facilitating future health planning. Thematic analysis identified four themes and several sub-themes including 1) the need-to-know health status 2) paternity information as a benefit and risk; 3) ethical considerations for feedback of findings and 4) extending feedback of genetics findings to family and community.

Conclusion
Participation in hypothetical GGR as well as feedback of results is acceptable to individuals in grassroots communities. However, the strong therapeutic and/or diagnostic misconception linked to GGR is concerning given that hopes for therapeutic and/or diagnostic benefit are unfounded. Viewing GGR as an opportunity to confirm or dispute paternity was another interesting perception. These findings carry profound implications for consent processes, genetic counselling and research ethics guidance. Privacy and confidentiality, benefits, risks as well as implications for sharing need to be considered for such feedback of results to be conducted appropriately.
Identifying barriers and facilitators of the inclusion of pregnant individuals in hepatitis C treatment programs in the United States
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , Shah Seema K. , Grobman William A. , Labellarte Patricia Z. , Barrera Leonardo , Jhaveri Ravi 
Published: November 2022

Background
The rising prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the availability of direct acting antivirals for HCV treatment has prompted a public health goal of HCV eradication. Despite the availability of treatment for HCV, treatment programs have generally excluded pregnant individuals. Our objective was to query patients and clinicians to identify barriers to including pregnant individuals in HCV treatment programs.

Methods and findings
This qualitative investigation included obstetricians and previously/currently pregnant individuals with HCV. Participants completed interviews regarding knowledge of and attitudes towards HCV treatment and perceived barriers to treatment during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Obstetricians (N = 18) and patients (N = 21) described concerns about equity, access, and cost. Both expressed uncertainty about safety and confirmed a need for clinician education. Obstetricians emphasized the lack of professional guidelines. Although some clinicians expressed concern about patient adherence and engagement, patients were largely desirous of treatment; both groups identified potential benefits of antenatal treatment.

Conclusions
Both patients and obstetricians were generally receptive to HCV treatment in pregnancy and recognized pregnancy as an important window of opportunity for treatment. Our findings suggest the need for further research on maternal-fetal safety of HCV treatment as well as on interventions to ensure fair and appropriate access to HCV treatment for pregnant individuals.
Abnormal platelet immunophenotypes and percentage of giant platelets in myelodysplastic syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Wu Yi-Feng , Gu Ming-Huei , Liu Chao-Zong , Huang Wei-Han , Chu Sung-Chao , Wang Tso-Fu 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic stem cell disorder with thrombocytopenia. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood cells has been instrumental in diagnosis as co-criteria, but the data regarding platelets remains lacking. This study aims to determine if there is a difference in surface antigen levels on platelets by comparing surface antigen levels in MDS patients and healthy control subjects. Concurrently, as flow cytometric gating can reveal the diameter of cells, this study will investigate differences in giant platelet percentage by comparing these percentages in high- and low-risk MDS patients.

Study design
Twenty newly diagnosed MDS patients were enrolled in this study. Platelet surface antigen levels were determined by measuring the binding capacity of antibodies with flow cytometry.

Results
Platelets of MDS patients were shown to have a lower level of CD61 and higher levels of CD31 and CD36 than healthy controls. Judged by forward scatter (FSC), MDS patients’ platelets appeared to be larger than those of healthy control subjects, whereas the MFI adjusted by diameter (MFI/FSC ratio) of CD31, CD41a, CD42a, CD42b and CD61 on platelets were lower in MDS patients than in healthy control subjects. There was a significant quantity of giant platelets found in MDS patients, and the high-risk MDS patients tended to have a higher percentage of giant platelets than low-risk patients. Conclusions: All the results indicate that MDS patients exhibit a lower antigen presentation (MFI) adjusted by diameter on platelets than healthy controls and the giant platelets detected by flow cytometry might correlate with the condition of MDS.
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel in the Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute
Authors: Zykova P. S. , Goncharova O. A. 
Published: November 2022

The article presents the history of introduction and the condition of the introduced to the Kola Peninsula accessions of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. Siberian dwarf pine has been introduced to the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden and Institute several times since 1947. As at 2021, the collection contains 3 accessions of different origin and age: 2 accessions in the main territory in the town of Kirovsk in the Khibiny Mountains and 3 accessions on the experimental site in the town of Apatity in the flat foothills. All the plants were divided into 5 groups depending on their location and age. We assessed their vital condition, winter hardiness, abundance of pollen dispersion and seed production, the degree of Pineus cembrae infestation, measured their height, trunk diameter and needle length. Nonparametric Mann - Whitney, Kruskal -Wallis, Dunn’s tests in the Past 4 program were used to compare quantitative indicators. All the specimens are well-adapted to the conditions of the Kola Peninsula, have slight damage, are winter-hardy, and the degree of Pineus cembrae infestation is very low. The Siberian dwarf pine shrubs on the experimental site in Apatity produce pollen and seeds more abundantly and regularly, have a greater height, diameter and needle length compared to specimens in the main territory in Kirovsk.