bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The discursive construction of a conflict: a case of disputed islands in the East China Sea
Authors: Watanabe Hideo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article aims to identify how Chinese and Japanese online English-language newspaper editorials construct their arguments about a group of disputed islands – the Diaoyu Islands in Chinese, and the Senkaku Islands in Japanese – from a linguistic perspective. Newspapers in the two countries have played an important role in appealing not just to domestic readers, but also to international readers on this issue. A corpus of 50 editorials published between 2012 and 2016 was compiled from the English-medium Chinese and Japanese newspapers. The article examines evaluative language in the editorials, using an APPRAISAL framework developed within systemic functional linguistics. This project also adopts corpus techniques for selecting the samples. The findings show that the two corpora frequently used negative evaluations towards the opposite country. The two corpora, however, differed in the varieties of evaluations in the editorials. By exploring the discursive construction of the editorials in relation to contextual information, the analytical focus is on the way the discursive resources contribute to realising the ideologies behind the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands dispute. The findings contribute to our understanding of the way conflicting views can be constructed with the use of linguistic resources in the context of online English-medium news media.
Fixing the Support of Justice
Authors: Sevcenko Catherine 
Published: April 2022

Clemency dates back to ancient times. For centuries everyone accepted that clemency was needed to correct unduly harsh outcomes dictated by law in individual cases. That changed in the United States in the second half of the 20th century, when clemency became associated with being soft on crime, the kiss of death for politicians lining up to pass harsher laws with longer and mandatory minimum sentences. Presidents began to exercise their pardon power almost exclusively at the end of their terms to avoid any political cost. The reluctance to grant clemency, the soaring number of applicants due to mass incarceration, and the redundant layers of bureaucratic review have created a backlog of some 18,000 applications as of April 2022.
Clemency must be restored as an accepted tool to ensure that justice is served. The FIX Clemency Act, which creates an independent commission that would review applications expeditiously and make recommendations to the president, would ensure fair and timely consideration for every applicant. The commissioners would come from diverse backgrounds, in contrast to the current system in which the Department of Justice has a monopoly on recommending clemency. This article uplifts the voices of people seeking clemency to foster understanding about the benefit of clemency not only to the recipient but to their families and communities.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ РОЗВИТКУ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ В ЄС І СПІВПРАЦІ ЙОГО КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ У СФЕРІ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙ
Authors: ПІДОРИЧЕВА Ірина 
Published: April 2022

Обґрунтовано важливість і актуальність теоретичного осмислення проблем започаткування і розвитку процесів європейської інтеграції. Виокремлено, систематизовано й розкрито сутність ключових теоретичних підходів і концепцій до вивчення явища європейської інтеграції, серед яких: федералізм, функціоналізм, неофункціоналізм, міжурядовий підхід, ліберальний міжурядовий підхід, концепція політичних мереж, теорія багаторівневого управління, інституційний підхід, теорія дезінтеграції. Охарактеризовано співпрацю європейських країн у сфері досліджень та інновацій з позиції окремих теоретичних підходів. З’ясовано, що фундамент європейської інтеграції у цій сфері було закладено на початкових етапах заснування ЄС і відтоді наукова співпраця між країнами була істотно поглиблена та розширена як у географічному, так і в секторальному сенсах.
Розкрито еволюцію теоретичних ідей щодо європейської інтеграції відповідно до періодизації А. Вінер і Т. Діца, які поділили ці ідеї за історичним і сутнісним контекстами на три фази: пояснювальну, аналітичну і конструктивну. Дану періодизацію розширено й адаптовано до сучасних умов і викликів, виходячи з кризових процесів у розвитку ЄС, шляхом доповнення її четвертою фазою — дезінтеграційноюз періодом домінування починаючи з 2008 р. і дотепер. Ця назва, однак, не говорить про обов’язкове руйнування чи розпад ЄС, узагальнення теоретичних ідей щодо дезінтеграційних процесів свідчить про значну розбіжність між існуючими поглядами авторів євроскептичного нахилу, які у своїх оцінках частіше схиляються до необхідності зміни або коригування напрямів євроінтеграційного розвитку відповідно до нових реалій та очікувань країн. Зроблено акцент на необхідності теоретичного осмислення майбутніх сценаріїв розвитку інтеграції в ЄС у контексті формування нової історичної реальності, пов’язаної з військовим вторгненням РФ на територію незалежної України.
Manajemen Amil dan Nazir Indonesia
Authors: Solahudin Ade , Zumroh Asmiyatul , Prihardiansyah Febrian , Hudaya Muhammad Taufik 
Published: April 2022

This study describe about the management of amil and nazir based on zakat coreprinciple, wakaf core principle, and financial ratio what used by each institution. This method of this study is using library research such as secondary Approach data in the journal articles, books, and other literature based on topic being discussed. This result of this study show that zakat core principle, waqf core principle, financial ratio is required by zakat institutions and waqf institutions tomeasure performance. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang pengelolaan amil dan nazir berdasarkan prinsip inti zakat, prinsip inti wakaf, dan rasio keuangan yang digunakan oleh masingmasing lembaga. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi pustaka berupapendekatan data sekunder pada artikel jurnal, buku, dan literatur lainnya berdasarkatopik yang sedang dibahas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prinsip inti zakat, prinsip inti wakaf, rasikeuangan dibutuhkan oleh lembaga zakat dan lembaga wakaf untuk mengukukinerja.
Manajemen Dakwah Menurut Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Sulaiman Jundah , Putra Mansya Aji 
Published: April 2022

Islam adalah agama dakwah yang berpegang teguh dengan Al-Qur’an dan As- Sunnah, karena Al-Qur’an merupakan mukjizat yang nyata adanya dan AsSunnah merupakan bentuk wujud apa yang ada pada kekasih-Nya. Kewajiban dakwah yakni menyeru dan menyampaikan apa yang menjadi perintah Allah dan meninggalkan hal- hal yang sudah menjadi ketetapan dalam larangan Allah kepada masyarakat. Tentu dalam menyeru dan menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah harus dengan metode dan tata cara yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan apa yang menjadi tuntunan Al-Qur’an agar pesan-pesan dakwah tersebut dapat lebih mudah diterima oleh masyarakat dan agar tercapainya suatu tujuan, yaitu mendapatkan ridha Allah Swt. Kontekstualisasi dan relevansi ayat dakwah menjadi urgent dan vital ketika menyentuh pada permasalahan era globalisasi, yakni adanya fakta pengaburan identitas keberagamaan dan fakta radikalisme agama, dakwah memerlukan kontekstualisasi baru, seperti halnya dengan metodologi tematik, yang kemudian berfungsi untuk menyusun makna-nya secara komprehensif sesuai dengan yang terdapat dalamAl-Qur’an. Islam is a religion of da'wah that holding to the Qur'an and Sunnah, because the Qur'an is a real miracle of existence and the Sunnah is a manifestation of what is in His lover. The obligation of da'wah is to call and convey what is the command of Allah and leave things that have become provisions in Allah's prohibition to the community. Certainly in calling for and conveying da'wah messages must be with methods and procedures that are good and correct in accordance with what has become the guidance of the Qur'an so that the da'wah messages can be more easily accepted by the community and to achieve a goal, which is to get blessing of Allah Swt. Contextualization and relevance of da'wah verses become urgent and vital when touching on the problems of the globalization era, namely the fact that there is a blurring of religious identity and the fact of religious radicalism, da'wah requires new contextualization, in the case with thematic methodology, which then functions to compile comprehensively in accordance with contained in theQur'an.
Penggunaan Pembiayaan Gadai Emas Syariah Pada Nasabah Bsm Bangkalan Madura
Authors: Komala Desi Noe , Sirin Khaeron 
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the motives and customer satisfaction in the use of Islamic gold pawning financing products at BSM Bangkalan Madura. This research was conducted through a descriptive qualitative method. The concept used in this study is an approach to the culture of Bangkalan people who have a penchant for collecting gold so that from the craze there is a high interest in the gold pawning in Bangkalan. The results of the study show that the motivation of customers to mortgage gold in BSM Bangkalan varies greatly but has one goal which is to meet economic needs, economic needs in question are needs that are productive or consumptive. While the factors that influence customer satisfaction include: in terms of product, price, service or company location. These four factors will make customers feel satisfied with the use of BSM Bangkalan sharia gold pawn. Artikel ini membahas tentang motif dan kepuasan konsumen dalam penggunaan produk pembiayaan gadai emas syariah di BSM Bangkalan Madura. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode deskriptif kualitatif. Konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan budaya masyarakat Bangkalan yang memiliki kegemaran mengoleksi emas sehingga dari kegemaran tersebut muncul minat yang tinggi terhadap gadai emas di Bangkalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi nasabah untuk menggadaikan emas di BSM Bangkalan sangat bervariasi namun mempunyai satu tujuan yaitu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi, kebutuhan ekonomi yang dimaksud adalah kebutuhan yang bersifat produktif atau konsumtif. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen antara lain: dari segi produk, harga, pelayanan atau lokasi perusahaan. Keempat faktor tersebut akan membuat nasabah merasa puas dengan penggunaan gadai emas syariah BSM Bangkalan. Kata kunci: Gunakan; Pembiayaan Gadai Emas Syariah; Nasabah Gadai BSM Bangkalan
Machine-learning correction to density-functional crystal structure optimization
Authors: Hussein Robert , Schmidt Jonathan , Barros Tomás , Marques Miguel A. L. , Botti Silvana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Density functional theory is routinely applied to predict crystal structures. The most common exchange-correlation functionals used to this end are the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) approximation and its variant PBEsol. We investigate the performance of these functionals for the prediction of lattice parameters and show how to enhance their accuracy using machine learning. Our data set is constituted by experimental crystal structures of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database matched with PBE-optimized structures stored in the materials project database. We complement these data with PBEsol calculations. We demonstrate that the accuracy and precision of PBE/PBEsol volume predictions can be noticeably improved a posteriori by employing simple, explainable machine learning models. These models can improve PBE unit cell volumes to match the accuracy of PBEsol calculations, and reduce the error of the latter with respect to experiment by 35 percent. Further, the error of PBE lattice constants is reduced by a factor of 3–5. A further benefit of our approach is the implicit correction of finite temperature effects without performing phonon calculations.

Impact statement
Knowledge about the crystal structure of solids is essential for describing their elastic and electronic properties. In particular, their accurate prediction is essential to predict the electronic properties of not-yet-synthesized materials. Lattice parameters are most commonly calculated by density functional theory using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) approximation and its variant PBEsol as exchange-correlation functional. They are successful in describing materials properties but do, however, not always achieve the desired accuracy in comparison with experiments. We propose a computationally efficient scheme based on interpretable machine learning to optimize crystal structures. We demonstrate that the accuracy of PBE- and PBEsol-structures can be, therewith, enhanced noticeably. In particular, the PBE unit cells, available in materials databases, can be improved to the level of the more accurate PBEsol calculations and the error of the latter with respect to the experiment can be reduced by 35 percent. An additional advantage of our scheme is the implicit inclusion of finite temperature corrections, which makes expensive phonon calculations unnecessary.

Graphical abstract
Implementation of preschool universal education in rural preschools of Ukraine (1963-1984)
Authors: Melenets Liudmyla 
Published: April 2022

Emphasis is placed on the periodization of the development of preschool institutions in rural areas of Ukraine in the chronological boundaries of 1945-1991. There are three periods of formation and development of rural preschool institutions: 1st period (1945-1963) refers to the revival and formation of preschool institutions in rural areas, 2nd period (1963-1984) refers to the implementation of preschool education in rural preschools, 3rd period (1984-1991) refers to the renewal of the educational space of preschools in rural areas. The historical facts of the organization of public preschool education in the Ukrainian village in 1963-1984 are generalized – period of dynamic development of rural preschools: intensive construction of preschools in the village according to standard projects, merging nurseries and kindergartens into one institution, mass transformation of seasonal preschools into permanent ones, period of critical analysis, use and implementation of pedagogical experience, scientific and methodological developments, organization of patronage (mentoring) work, creation of "kindergarten schools". The author's periodization is based on scientific achievements in the periodization of the history of pedagogy by socio-economic and political characteristics and periods of formation of Ukrainian statehood. It is emphasized, that periodization is only an author's version, which can be accepted by scientists or refuted by replacing it with another. The following methods were used in the process of scientific research: analysis, generalization, systematization of archival documents, legislative acts, substantiation of the initial positions of scientists and practitioners on the researched problem. Chronological-systemic and historical methods were used in the dynamics and sequence of time to consider the peculiarities of the functioning of preschool institutions in rural areas of Ukraine in the period 1963-1984.
A Logic-Based Explanation Generation Framework for Classical and Hybrid Planning Problems
Authors: Vasileiou Stylianos Loukas , Yeoh William , Cao Son Tran , Kumar Ashwin , Cashmore Michael , Magazzeni Dianele 
Published: April 2022

In human-aware planning systems, a planning agent might need to explain its plan to a human user when that plan appears to be non-feasible or sub-optimal. A popular approach, called model reconciliation, has been proposed as a way to bring the model of the human user closer to the agent’s model. To do so, the agent provides an explanation that can be used to update the model of human such that the agent’s plan is feasible or optimal to the human user. Existing approaches to solve this problem have been based on automated planning methods and have been limited to classical planning problems only.
In this paper, we approach the model reconciliation problem from a different perspective, that of knowledge representation and reasoning, and demonstrate that our approach can be applied not only to classical planning problems but also hybrid systems planning problems with durative actions and events/processes. In particular, we propose a logic-based framework for explanation generation, where given a knowledge base KBa (of an agent) and a knowledge base KBh (of a human user), each encoding their knowledge of a planning problem, and that KBa entails a query q (e.g., that a proposed plan of the agent is valid), the goal is to identify an explanation ε ⊆ KBa such that when it is used to update KBh, then the updated KBh also entails q. More specifically, we make the following contributions in this paper: (1) We formally define the notion of logic-based explanations in the context of model reconciliation problems; (2) We introduce a number of cost functions that can be used to reflect preferences between explanations; (3) We present algorithms to compute explanations for both classical planning and hybrid systems planning problems; and (4) We empirically evaluate their performance on such problems. Our empirical results demonstrate that, on classical planning problems, our approach is faster than the state of the art when the explanations are long or when the size of the knowledge base is small (e.g., the plans to be explained are short). They also demonstrate that our approach is efficient for hybrid systems planning problems.
Finally, we evaluate the real-world efficacy of explanations generated by our algorithms through a controlled human user study, where we develop a proof-of-concept visualization system and use it as a medium for explanation communication.
The interconnection of efficiency and the degree of aggregation of nanofiller in polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Козлов Георгий Владимирович , Долбин Игорь Викторович 
Published: April 2022

The rule of mixtures was the first theoretical model, used for a description of the elastic modulus of multicomponent systems, including those of polymer nanocomposites. However, the use of nominal magnitudes of the characteristics of system components in such an approach led to overestimated values of their elastic modulus. Therefore, various modified versions of the rule of mixtures are currently used for this purpose, which significantly complicate its application and do not indicate the physical factors leading to overestimated theoretical results. In this study, a modified rule of mixtures was proposed, taking into account the decrease in the effective (actual) elastic modulus of the nanofiller in a polymer matrix of the nanocomposite compared to the nominal value determined only by the aggregation of the nanofiller. It is known that the aggregation process is the main negative factor reducing the final properties of nanomaterials, while other factors (for example, the interfacial adhesion level, nanofiller orientation, etc.) depend on the degree of aggregation. The physical sence of the aggregation process is a decrease in the relative proportion of nanofiller-polymer matrix interfacial regions, i.e., the effectiveness of a nanofiller as a reinforcing element of a nanocomposite is determined by its ability to generate high-modulus interfacial regions. The rule of mixtures modified in this way correctly describes the dependence of the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite on the content of the nanofiller, regardless of the type of the latter (carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.). Therefore, the nanofiller efficiency indicator can serve as a complex parameter that is characteristic of the nanocomposite quality.
Investigation of the effect of a multicomponent additive on the structure formation and hardening of cement composites
Authors: Шведова Мария Александровна , Артамонова Ольга Владимировна , Славчева Галина Станиславовна 
Published: April 2022

The development and application of multicomponent multifunctional additives for cement composites is an important research area since the use of such additives allows controlling both the rheological properties of the freshly prepared mixture and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished composite. This work proposes to use a multicomponent multifunctional additive with the composition of “SiO2 nanoparticle - superplasticiser - polypropylene fibre” for the modification of cement composite materials based on sand and chalky flour. We studied the peculiarities of the influence of this additive on the technological characteristics of mixtures (plasticity and form stability) and the processes of setting-up, hydration, structure formation, and strength gain of the composite materials. It was shown that the introduction of this additive allows increasing the plasticity limit and structural strength and reducing relative plastic deformations of the cement mixture at the manufacturing stage. At the same time, this additive accelerates the processes of setting-up, hydration, and strength gain of cement composites. It was proved that the increase in strength is due to the formation of a dense structure of hydrated new growths of the cement substance formed by phases of low and highly basic calcium silicate hydrates of various compositions and morphologies, as well as the absence of a portlanditephase.
Экспресс-метод определения летучих органических примесей в спиртных дистиллированных напитках на основе сочетания ГХ/ПИД и ГХ/МСД
Authors: Шелехова Наталия Викторовна 
Published: April 2022

Недостаточная разработанность инструментальных методик высокоточной и надежной идентификации химического состава алкогольной продукции является предпосылкой для проведения исследований в данном векторе. В работе реализована возможность одновременной селективной идентификации 20 химических соединений наиболее характерных для дистиллированных напитков с использованием метода газовой хроматографии с пламенно-ионизационным детектированием и метода газовой хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии. Подобраны условия хроматографического разделения и масс-спектрометрического детектирования летучих органических примесей в спиртных напитках: объем вводимой пробы 0.7 мкл, газ-носитель гелий, температура инжектора 150°С, температура термостата 75оС, программирование температуры до 220°С, температура источника ионов 230°С. Регистрацию масс-спектров осуществляли в режиме SCAN в диапазоне масс m/z 19-600 а.е.м., идентификацию проводили путем сравнения полученных экспериментальных спектров с данными библиотек. Для оценки матричного эффекта проведена серия экспериментов с использованием реальных проб спиртных напитков. Дрейф времен удерживания, вызванный повторными вводами анализируемых проб не обнаружен, значения коэффициента вариации не превышает 3%, что свидетельствует об отсутствии влияния матрицы. Сформирована тематическая пользовательская библиотека Whiskey 22, преимуществом которой являются стандартные условия регистрации масс-спектров, благодаря чему достигается большая схожесть спектров одних и тех же соединений, полученных на разных приборах, что обеспечивает повышенную надёжность идентификации. В ходе исследований выявлена и экспериментально подтверждена возможность селективной идентификации летучих органических веществ в спиртных напитках при использования газового хроматографа с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием. Разработанный методический подход универсален и применим для исследования химического состава зерновых дистиллятов, виски, рома, ромовых дистиллятов, текилы, самогона. К достоинствам нового подхода можно отнести: одновременное селективное определение 20 компонентов за 19 мин, отсутствие пробоподготовки, экспрессность, приемлемую воспроизводимость, высокую точность идентификации, отсутствие необходимости кондиционирования колонки между водами пробы и возможность использования для рутинного анализа. Перспективой разработанного подхода является возможность применения в качестве референтной методики при анализе качества и безопасности алкогольной продукции методом газовой хроматографии с пламенно-ионизационным детектированием.