bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was the Fishing Village of Lepenski Vir Built by Europe’s First Farmers?
Authors: Brami Maxime , Winkelbach Laura , Schulz Ilektra , Schreiber Mona , Blöcher Jens , Diekmann Yoan , Burger Joachim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is now widely accepted that agriculture and settled village life arrived in Europe as a cultural package, carried by people migrating from Anatolia and the Aegean Basin. The putative fisher-forager site of Lepenski Vir in Serbia has long been acknowledged as an exception to this model. Here, the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition—possibly inspired by interaction with the new arrivals—was thought to have taken place autochthonously on site. Our reinterpretation, based on ancient genomes, as well as archaeological and isotopic evidence, indicates that here, too, house construction, early village society and agriculture were primarily associated with Europe’s first farmers, thus challenging the long-held view of Lepenski Vir as a Mesolithic community that adopted Neolithic practices. Although aspects of the site's occupation, such as the trapezoidal houses, were inspired by local Mesolithic traditions, it is far from certain that the village was founded by Iron Gates foragers. A detailed timeline of population changes at the site suggests that Aegean incomers did not simply integrate into an established Mesolithic society, but rather founded new lineages and households. Iron Gates foragers and their admixed descendants largely appear to have been buried separately, on the fringes of the settlement. The diet of those buried outside in pits shows no major shift from aquatic to terrestrial food resources.
Designing an evidence based community pharmacy service specification for a pharmacogenomic testing service
Authors: Rendell Tim , Barnett Julie , Scott Sion , Wright David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacogenomics is a novel arena of medicine that uses patients’ Deoxyribonucleic Acid to support pharmacists and prescribers selecting the most appropriate medicine for patients.AimTo review and validate a service specification for a pharmacogenomics testing service.MethodConsensus methods (Delphi method and the Nominal Group Technique) were deployed. A consensus panel comprising of pharmacists, prescribers and patients was convened to participate in the co-design process. Panel members were first surveyed to obtain their views on Behaviour Change Techniques identified as necessary for the service in a previous study. Following this, a workshop was convened to discuss, agree and confirm details for the service specification and recommend strategies for operationalisation. Outputs from the workshop were used to inform a final version of the service specification.ResultsFrom the consensus panel (pharmacists (n = 6), general practitioners (n = 3) and patients (n = 3)), strategies for operationalisation of nine Behaviour Change Techniques were agreed as being required. In addition, several unique and innovative strategies for implementation of the community pharmacy service were identified and included in the service specification.ConclusionThe research shows that to encourage community pharmacist engagement in providing a pharmacogenomic testing service and prescriber acceptance of recommendations for any changes to patients’ prescriptions, a multi-professional launch event is required. To agree communication strategies and professional boundaries, training in clinical decision making and patient support materials are required as is guidance on how to deliver the service in a standardised manner. Finally, healthcare professionals would be reassured by the provision of an expert help-line for any complex patients.
General practice pharmacists’ implementation of advanced clinical assessment skills: a qualitative study of behavioural determinants
Authors: Rushworth Gordon F. , Jebara Tesnime , Tonna Antonella Pia , Rudd Ian , Stewart Fiona , MacVicar Ronald , Cunningham Scott 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of General Practice Clinical Pharmacists is becoming more clinically complex. Some are undertaking courses to develop their skillsets.

Aim
To explore potential behavioural determinants influencing the implementation of skills gained from Advanced Clinical Examination and Assessment courses by General Practice Clinical Pharmacists.

Method
This study used a qualitative methodology with theoretical underpinning. General Practice Clinical Pharmacists in the Scottish National Health Service, having completed an Advanced Clinical Examination and Assessment course, were invited for online dyadic (paired) interviews. Informed written consent was obtained. The interview schedule was developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and piloted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework analysis. Ethics approval was obtained.

Results
Seven dyadic interviews were conducted. These included fourteen pharmacist participants from eight Health Boards. Three main themes were identified: 1. Factors influencing implementation of advanced clinical skills by pharmacists; 2. Social and environmental influences affecting opportunities for pharmacists in advanced clinical roles; 3. Perceptions of pharmacist professional identity for advanced practice roles. Nine sub-themes provided a depth of insight including; participants reporting courses allowed clinically autonomous practice; participants shared frustration around social and environmental factors limiting implementation opportunities; participants expressed a need for clarification of professional identify/roles within current contractual mechanisms to allow them to fully implement the skills gained.

Conclusion
This work identified numerous behavioural determinants related to implementation of advanced clinical skills by pharmacists in general practice. Policy, and review of implementation strategies are urgently required to best utilise pharmacists with these skills.
Is There a Limit to Resemblances?
Authors: Park Wonyong , Brock Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The notion of family resemblance has recently emerged as a promising and fruitful approach to characterising the nature of science (NOS) in science education research, offering solutions to some perplexing challenges such as capturing both the domain-general and domain-specific features of science with a single framework. At the same time, however, criticism has been levelled that the resemblance might eventually extend to certain activities that are not scientific but pose as science. This would be an undesirable consequence for science educators, particularly given the increasing need for individuals to discern pseudoscientific claims circulated on social media from scientific information. Many pseudoscientific and non-scientific activities resemble science in terms of their aim to explain nature, their use of evidence-based methods, and their interrelation with politics and society. In this theoretical article, we build on the concept of family resemblance to consider how it can simultaneously explain the diversity and unity of science and help students to learn about the nature of science and that of pseudoscience in science education. We put forward three principles that can guide teaching about pseudoscience based on the family resemblance conceptualisation of science.
Starstruck by journal prestige and citation counts? On students’ bias and perceptions of trustworthiness according to clues in publication references
Authors: Eika Evelyn , Sandnes Frode Eika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch is becoming increasingly accessible to the public via open access publications, researchers’ social media postings, outreach activities, and popular disseminations. A healthy research discourse is typified by debates, disagreements, and diverging views. Consequently, readers may rely on the information available, such as publication reference attributes and bibliometric markers, to resolve conflicts. Yet, critical voices have warned about the uncritical and one-sided use of such information to assess research. In this study we wanted to get insight into how individuals without research training place trust in research based on clues present in publication references. A questionnaire was designed to probe respondents’ perceptions of six publication attributes. A total of 148 students responded to the questionnaire of which 118 were undergraduate students (with limited experience and knowledge of research) and 27 were graduate students (with some knowledge and experience of research). The results showed that the respondents were mostly influenced by the number of citations and the recency of publication, while author names, publication type, and publication origin were less influential. There were few differences between undergraduate and graduate students, with the exception that undergraduate students more strongly favoured publications with multiple authors over publications with single authors. We discuss possible implications for teachers that incorporate research articles in their curriculum.
Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients under 50 and over 80 years of age. Part 1
Authors: Raniga Sumit , Arenas-Miquelez Antonio , Bokor Desmond J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is a widely used definitive surgical solution for end-stage glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis and is associated with good clinical outcomes. Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty has a role for patients under 50 years of age who have exhausted nonoperative management and for patients over 80 years of age with an intact rotator cuff. Patients younger than 50 place greater demands on their replaced shoulders, raising concerns about implant survivorship and in particular the failure of the glenoid component. There are limited data on the long-term survivorship of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients under the age of 50 years in the literature. Modern bone-preserving designs utilizing newer materials may contribute to improved outcomes and survivorship. Achieving comparable functional outcomes in patients over 80 years of age remains a challenge with concerns related to rotator cuff failure. However, in appropriately selected patients over the age of 80 years, an anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty provides better pain relief and function than a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
High-resolution impacts of green areas on air quality in Madrid
Authors: San Jose Roberto , Perez-Camanyo Juan L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study numerically investigates the influence of trees on air quality in Madrid urban area (Spain). Simulations are performed using the mesoscale model WRF/Chem (EPA, US) and the microclimate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model PALM4U (IMUK, DE) configured as LES (Large Eddy Simulation). PALM4U is running over one of the 1 km × 1 km grid cells with 5 m very high spatial resolution using three different scenarios. In the simulation domain, there is a zone (approximately 25% of the domain) of vegetation where the dominant species are broadleaf trees included in the BAU (Business as Usual) scenario. The second scenario is focused on changing the type of the tree from broad leaf at BAU scenario to needle leaf the so-called ND scenario and the third scenario called NOTREE which comprise the replacement of the trees located in the green zone. The base simulations (BAU) are compared with data from the Madrid air quality monitoring network for the evaluation of the simulation results. The effects of the trees are calculated comparing scenarios (BAU-NOTREE and BAU-ND), so a brute force methodology has been used. This paper shows that the effects of the trees and type of trees are not uniform across the urban area because there are variations in the energy fluxes and the aerodynamic effect and there are important interactions of trees with wind flow dynamics. The mitigation potential effect of trees on gaseous air pollutants concentrations is showed and also may enhance substantially air pollution in other areas.
Räume eröffnen und gemeinsames Wagen im Offenen Dialog
Authors: Bröhling-Kusterer Julia , Berens Sarah , Vogelsang Jost , Aderhold Volkmar 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Offene Dialog definiert eine moderne sozialpsychiatrische Arbeitsweise, in dem der Genesungsprozess der Betroffenen und ihrer Netzwerke kollaborativ gefördert wird. Dies wird im Kern durch professionell moderierte Netzwerkgespräche erreicht. Dabei lassen sich Moderator_innen, Betroffene und Angehörige miteinander auf einen gemeinsamen Prozess ein, der auf allen Seiten zu Begegnungsmomenten und emotionalem Berührtsein führt und so zu tragfähigen Entwicklungen, Veränderungen und Lösungen für alle Beteiligten beiträgt.
Antigenspezifische Aktivierung von B-Lymphozyten in vitro
Authors: Michelchen Sophia , Micheel Burkhart , Hanack Katja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe established an in vitro activation protocol for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. Purified murine B lymphocytes were activated in vitro with combinations of antigen and selected stimuli. Within ten days we induced specific IgM and IgG antibody responses against a viral coat protein. Permanently antibody-producing hybridomas were generated to produce monoclonal antibodies.
Rekrutierung von Natürlichen Killerzellen durch optimierte Immunliganden
Authors: Boje Ammelie Svea , Klausz Katja , Pekar Lukas , Kellner Christian , Zielonka Stefan , Peipp Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNK cells emerged as promising immune cells for cancer therapy. Beyond antibody-based approaches triggering NK cell activity via the FcγRIIIa, also multifunctional approaches are being exploited to redirect NK cell cytotoxicity against malignant cells. In this respect, immunoligands which are fusion proteins composed of an antibody-derived targeting arm and a natural ligand for an activating receptor on NK cells show great promise in inducing effector cell activation against tumor cells.
Reinventing the Penumbra — the Emerging Clockwork of a Multi-modal Mechanistic Paradigm
Authors: Walther Jakob , Kirsch Elena Marie , Hellwig Lina , Schmerbeck Sarah S. , Holloway Paul M. , Buchan Alastair M. , Mergenthaler Philipp 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concept of the ischemic penumbra was originally defined as the area around a necrotic stroke core and seen as the tissue at imminent risk of further damage. Today, the penumbra is generally considered as time-sensitive hypoperfused brain tissue with decreased oxygen and glucose availability, salvageable tissue as treated by intervention, and the potential target for neuroprotection in focal stroke. The original concept entailed electrical failure and potassium release but one short of neuronal cell death and was based on experimental stroke models, later confirmed in clinical imaging studies. However, even though the basic mechanisms have translated well, conferring brain protection, and improving neurological outcome after stroke based on the pathophysiological mechanisms in the penumbra has yet to be achieved. ﻿Recent findings shape the modern understanding of the penumbra revealing a plethora of molecular and cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. We now propose a new model of the penumbra, one which we hope will lay the foundation for future translational success. We focus on the availability of glucose, the brain’s central source of energy, and bioenergetic failure as core pathophysiological concepts. We discuss the relation of mitochondrial function in different cell types to bioenergetics and apoptotic cell death mechanisms, autophagy, and neuroinflammation, to glucose metabolism in what is a dynamic ischemic penumbra.
p-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations with a parameter-free error indicator
Authors: Faghih-Naini Sara , Aizinger Vadym 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a p-adaptive quadrature-free discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations based on a computationally efficient adaptivity indicator which works without any problem-dependent parameters. The error and smoothness of the solution are detected using the information collected for slope limiting and, for piecewise constant discretizations, by carrying out a reconstruction procedure. The accuracy and robustness of the new scheme are evaluated using several benchmarks and compared to other adaptivity indicators. Our results indicate that the proposed indicator finds a good balance between solution quality and computational overhead.
Who polarizes Twitter? Ideological polarization, partisan groups and strategic networked campaigning on Twitter during the 2017 and 2021 German Federal elections 'Bundestagswahlen'
Authors: Darius Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolitical campaign activities are increasingly digital. A crucial part of digital campaigning is communication efforts on social media platforms. As a forum for political discourse and political communication, parties and candidates on Twitter share public messages and aim to attract media attention and persuade voters. Party or prominent candidate hashtags are a central element of the campaign communication strategy since journalists and citizens search for these hashtags to follow the current debate concerning the hashed party or political candidate. Political elites and partisans use social media strategically, e.g., to link their messages to a broader debate, increase the visibility of messages, criticize other parties, or take over their hashtags (hashjacking). This study investigates the cases of the most recent 2017 and 2021 German federal elections called 'Bundestagswahlen'. The investigation (1) identifies communities of partisans in retweet networks in order to analyze the polarization of the most prominent hashtags of parties, 2) assesses the political behavior by partisan groups that amplify messages by political elites in these party networks, and 3) examines the polarization and strategic behavior of the identified partisan groups in the broader election hashtag debates using #BTW17 and #BTW21 as the prominent hashtags of the 2017 and 2021 elections. While in 2017, the far-right party 'Alternative für Deutschland' (AfD) and its partisans are in an isolated community, in 2021, they are part of the same community as the official party accounts of established conservative and liberal parties. This broader polarization may indicate changes in the political ideology of these actors. While the overall activity of political elites and partisans increased between 2017 and 2021, AfD politicians and partisans are more likely to use other party hashtags, which resulted in the polarization of the observed parts of the German political twitter sphere. While in 2017, the AfD polarized German Twitter, 2021 shows a broader division along the classical left–right divide.
Heat shock transcriptional factors (HSFs) are expressed in response to hydrogen peroxide production in grapevines inoculated with Colletotrichum Species
Authors: You Young Jun , Ahn Soon Young , Yun Hae Keun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeat shock transcriptional factors (HSFs) are expressed in plants due to external stress, high temperatures, or pathogenic infections. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression of HSF genes in grapevines inoculated with pathogens. Spores of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were inoculated on the leaves, and on immature and mature fruits of ‘Campbell Early’ and creeping grapevine (Vitis flexuosa). The real-time PCR of RNA isolated from infected leaves and fruits showed specific upregulation of HSF11, HSF12, HSF14, and HSF15 subsequent to both high temperature and pathogen infections. However, HSF16 and HSF17 were up-regulated specifically by pathogenic infections only and showed different expression patterns in response to wounding. Among the hydrogen peroxide-related genes, the expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was up-regulated by pathogen infections. Concurrently, expression of six HSFs (HSF11, HSF12, HSF14, HSF15, HSF16, and HSF17) dose-dependently increased with accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves and fruits of grapevines. The expression of selected HSF genes was up-regulated differentially as a defense reaction in ‘Campbell Early’ and V. flexuosa grapevine in response to external stress (such as wounding) and pathogen inoculation. This indicates that expression of some HSFs is regulated through the hydrogen peroxide-mediated pathways in response to pathogens. Further studies determining the mechanism of HSF gene expression induced by external stress are required.
Oxygen vacancy engineering on cerium oxide nanowires for room-temperature linalool detection in rice aging
Authors: Xu Jinyong , Zhang Chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is a huge challenge for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors to inspect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at room temperature (RT). Herein, the effective utilization of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanowires for RT detection of VOCs was realized via regulating its surface chemical state. Oxygen vacancy engineering on CeO2 nanowires, synthesized via hydrothermal method, can be manipulated by annealing under various controlled atmospheres. The sample annealed under 5%H2+95%Ar condition exhibited outstanding RT sensing properties, displaying a high response of 16.7 towards 20 ppm linalool, a fast response and recovery time (16 and 121 s, respectively), and a low detection of limit of 0.54 ppm. The enhanced sensing performance could be ascribed for the synergistic effects of its nanowire morphology, the large specific surface area (83.95 m2/g), and the formation of extensive oxygen vacancy accompanied by an increase in Ce3+. Additionally, the practicability of the sensor was verified via two varieties of rice (Indica and Japonica rice) stored in various periods (1, 3, 5, 7, 15, and 30 d). The experimental results revealed that the sensor was able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice. Accordingly, the as-developed sensor delivers a strategic material to develop high-performance RT electronic nose equipment for monitoring rice quality.
Experimental study on the oxidation kinetics of coal in typical coal mining areas of the Southern Junggar coalfield, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Shen Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoal spontaneous combustion (CSC) is a disaster associated with coal mining that leads to loss of coal resources and environmental and human health issues. To investigate kinetic characteristics for oxidation of coal, three coal samples were collected from different coal mining areas in the Southern Junggar coalfield. Subsequently, the collected coal samples were ground into different particle sizes and tested using microscopic and macroscopic methods, including thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-programmed oxidation. The results obtained are as follows: the sharpest absorption peak (002) indicates that graphitization is high. Furthermore, the results show that the SKS coal sample is prone to spontaneous combustion; the greater the aromatic hydrocarbon content is, the more difficult it is for CSC to occur, while the opposite is true for oxygen-containing functional groups. The SKS data confirmed this conclusion; the rate for generation of CO and CO2 controlled the possibility of SKS oxidation at 110 °C and provided an indication of the temperature. During the dehydration stage, the WD sample had the lowest activation energy, indicating that it was most susceptible to spontaneous combustion. During the combustion stage, the lowest activation energy was found for the SKS sample with particle sizes < 0.075 mm, indicating that particle size was one of the factors affecting spontaneous combustion. The activation energy for dehydration was significantly lower than that for combustion, which showed that the coal oxygen reaction was more likely to occur in the dehydration stage. Based on DSC curves, the SKS sample had the largest exothermicity, indicating that it would ignite more readily.