bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extremely rare presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck: a case report
Authors: Nasirmohtaram Sevil , Mesbah Alireza , Mazloom Farnaz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) frequently presents as extra-nodal involvement, although primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of extra-nodal origin is a distinct entity. Different subtypes may have propensity for specific anatomic locations. In the head and neck region, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is most commonly presented in the paranasal sinuses, jaws, and Waldeyer’s ring. DLBCL involving fibroadipose tissue and presenting as an extra-nodal mass is extremely unusual, particularly in the head and neck region.

Case presentation
We will present a case of forehead mass as presenting features of a highly aggressive B cell lymphoma.

Conclusion
Although soft tissue DLBCL presenting as scalp mass is rare, it should be considered in differential diagnosis of every soft tissue lump.
Experimental and numerical study of novel Coanda-based unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Siddiqi Zaid , Lee Jin W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConventional Coanda-based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) experience thrust losses in the radial direction. To address these losses, a rectangular, linear arrangement of the Coanda surface was adopted in the proposed novel design. This arrangement minimizes the area change in the radial direction to recover such thrust losses. A prototype of the proposed UAV structure was 3D printed and assembled with a single 9-inch propeller. Performance characteristics of the UAV were evaluated through static testing on a dynamometer under different loading conditions. Experimental results were validated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using the k-ε realizable turbulence model, while the multiple reference frame (MRF) approach was applied in steady state. CFD simulations provided good overall agreement with experimental results having errors less than 8%. Numerical comparison between the novel Coanda design and a conventional Coanda design, having similar radial dimensions, showed that the novel design offered an overall 17% improvement in thrust per the side surface area, thus demonstrating an effective reduction of thrust losses in the radial direction.
The Cytoskeletal Transport Protein, Secretagogin, Is Essential for Diurnal Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion in Mice
Authors: Biancolin Andrew David , Srikrishnaraj Arjuna , Jeong Hyerin , Martchenko Alexandre , Brubaker Patricia Lee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The intestinal L-cell incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), exhibits a circadian pattern of secretion, thereby entraining diurnal insulin release. Secretagogin (Scgn), an actin-binding regulatory protein, is essential for the temporal peak of GLP-1 secretion in vitro. To interrogate the role of Scgn in diurnal GLP-1 secretion in vivo, peak and trough GLP-1 release were evaluated in knockout mice (Scgn−/−, Gcg-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl and Vil-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted in Scgn knockdown L-cells. All 3 knockout models demonstrated loss of the diurnal rhythm of GLP-1 secretion in response to oral glucose. Gcg-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl mice also lost the normal pattern in glucagon secretion, while Scgn−/− and Vil-CreERT2/+; Scgnfl/fl animals demonstrated impaired diurnal secretion of the related incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide. RNA-Seq of mGLUTag L-cells showed decreased pathways regulating vesicle transport, transport and binding, and protein-protein interaction at synapse, as well as pathways related to proteasome-mediated degradation including chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly following Scgn knockdown. Scgn is therefore essential for diurnal L-cell GLP-1 secretion in vivo, likely mediated through effects on secretory granule dynamics.
Mechanistic insights from animal models of neurofibromatosis type 1 cognitive impairment
Authors: Miller Andrew H. , Halloran Mary C. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal-dominant neurogenetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene neurofibromin 1 (NF1). NF1 predisposes individuals to a variety of symptoms, including peripheral nerve tumors, brain tumors and cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive deficits can negatively impact patient quality of life, especially the social and academic development of children. The neurofibromin protein influences neural circuits via diverse cellular signaling pathways, including through RAS, cAMP and dopamine signaling. Although animal models have been useful in identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate NF1-dependent behaviors, translating these discoveries into effective treatments has proven difficult. Clinical trials measuring cognitive outcomes in patients with NF1 have mainly targeted RAS signaling but, unfortunately, resulted in limited success. In this Review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of neurofibromin, and evaluate several cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurofibromin-dependent cognitive function, which have recently been delineated in animal models. A better understanding of neurofibromin roles in the development and function of the nervous system will be crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets for the various cognitive domains affected by NF1.
Fabrication of TiN-Based Superhydrophobic Anti-Corrosion Coating by Inverse Vulcanization
Authors: Miao Congcong , Yan Peiyao , Liu Haichao , Cai Shanshan (Diana) , Dodd Liam J , Wang Haoran , Deng Xi , Li Jian , Wang Xi-Cun , Hu Xiaolin , Wu Xiaofeng , Hasell Tom , Quan Zheng-Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sulfur-rich polymers prepared by inverse vulcanization (IV), as a new chemistry and polymerization technique, have attracted increasing attention since their invention in 2013. Although extensive research has been devoted to IV, there is still huge scope for advance, particularly in terms of the practical applications of the resultant polymers. Previously SiO2-embedded sulfur-rich polymers from IV were reported as superhydrophobic, antibacterial and anti-corrosion coating materials. We report herein the improved properties of superhydrophobic and anti-corrosion functional materials prepared by embedding more hydrophobic TiN nanoparticles into sulfur-rich polymers. This method provides fluoride-free composite materials, which is important considering the possible hazard to humans and the environment and concerns of fluorine-containing olefins with long carbon chains. Static water contact angles (WCA) of up to 173.6 ± 1.1° as well as superior properties such as higher superhydrophobicity and anti-corrosion (97.2% coating protection rate) are achieved. The generated coating has good to excellent self-cleaning functions. This protocol not only improves the superhydrophobicity of the synthesized composites, but also provides a feasible method for the preparation of non-harmful and environmentally benign fluorine-free superhydrophobic anti-corrosion materials applied in marine industries.
Zalety i wady nauczania zdalnego w czasie pandemii COVID-19 w opinii nauczycieli szkół w województwie wielkopolskim
Authors: Weltrowska Justyna , Bogacka Emilia , Hauke Jan , Tobolska Anna 
Published: August 2022

Distance learning in all types of schools from March 2020 to the beginning of June 2021 (with a short break in September 2020) was forced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, in Poland, this form of teaching was used sporadically, basically only for extra-curricular activities. The vast majority of teachers did not have any experience in this field. The large-scale introduction of new forms of distance learning and knowledge transfer and enforcement methods created a number of challenges and opened up new opportunities. The presented study attempts to identify the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the opinion of primary and secondary school teachers in the Wielkopolska region. The analysis was carried out based on empirical material obtained from questionnaires addressed to all teachers from the Wielkopolska region (703 questionnaires were received). The survey results allowed the diagnosis of positive and negative aspects of distance learning. Among advantages, teachers pointed to growing computer competencies and time and money savings due to no need to travel to work. In turn, as disadvantages were demonstrated, the lowering of teaching quality because of the lack of direct contact with pupils and health problems resulting from decreased physical activity and long-term staying at the computer desk. The teachers’ experience in identifying the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning is undoubtedly an excellent and reliable source of information that can be used in the future to improve the distance learning process. The applied approach allowed to obtain representative results, which may transpose into generalizations on the scale of the entire country.
Materialne dziedzictwo kulturowe polsko-niemieckiego obszaru przygranicznego – geneza, stan i perspektywy. Studium przypadku Ziemi Lubuskiej
Authors: Dolata Michał 
Published: August 2022

The article is part of the current scientific considerations on material cultural heritage from the perspective of historical geography. This approach means focusing on the historical dimension of the contemporary world and on identifying the influence of the former spatial organization of a given area on its current features. The main goal of the article is to analyze the present condition of the most important elements of the immovable material cultural heritage of the Polish-German border area, focusing on the case study of Lubusz Land. This analysis is preceded by a discussion of the origins and typical features of individual heritage elements in the research area, and concludes with an attempt to define the perspectives for these components in terms of their social perception, protection and role in the development of contemporary spatial structures and the preservation of their historic character. The research in the scope specified above was carried out with the use of the methodological apparatus of history and socio-economic geography, including the philological, genetic and retrogressive methods as well as visual field analysis, mathematical and statistical methods and the cartographic presentation of phenomena. The conducted analysis allowed the formulation of conclusions about the quantitative and structural richness of the cultural heritage in the Polish-German border area, which in the genetic aspect is primarily related to the period of domination of German culture in the past centuries. However, the physical condition of this heritage is actually critical due to the impact of economic, legal and property, and institutional factors as well as those related to awareness that were liberated as a result of the collapse of the German state in its shape before 1945, the events of World War II, and radical political, social and economic changes in the post-war period. The post-socialist systemic transformation, initiated in Poland and East Germany in 1990, did not bring about any fundamental positive changes regarding the determinants and factors shaping the fate of the immovable material cultural heritage of the Polish-German border area. This conclusion applies especially to the eastern (Polish) part of this area. Negative tendencies are continued.
Five Years of Voluntary Refugee Aid in Germany
Authors: Bräuer Kim 
Published: August 2022

This article examines voluntary refugee aid from 2015 to 2020, investigating the extent to which volunteers and refugee aid recipients have related their perceptions and emotional interpretations to the welcoming discourse and the local organisation of voluntary refugee aid. The analysis was based on contrasting sample of interviews and newspaper articles and includes a comparison of the politicised metropolitan refugee aid in Berlin with traditional charity-based aid in Braunschweig. It becomes evident that the emotional perceptions of volunteers differ depending on their reason for helping and their previous experiences. In addition, the article suggests that the recipients of refugee aid, most notably shortly after their arrival, do not refer to the welcoming discourse but instead to their own experiences or those of their acquaintances.
Combining the concepts of governmentality and performativity, I use a critical perspective on power and add an affect-theoretical level in the sense of immersive power. This theoretical view raises awareness of the significance of affects and emotions in voluntary refugee aid.
Overall, the stance of the article shifts. It sees refugees not only as persons in need of help but contrasts this image with the potential they offer. It takes a critical look at the last five years of voluntary refugee aid and considers the implications for voluntary refugee aid if, indeed, emotions are as significant as they appear in the article.
* This article belongs to a special issue on "Refugee Migration to Europe – Challenges and Potentials for Cities and Regions".
Creatine supplementation and its influence on human organism
Authors: Siedlecki Wojciech , Remjasz Klaudia , Kosz Katarzyna , Kuchnicka Aleksandra , Kuchnicka Julia , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Zielińska Martyna , Sapuła Klaudia , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Fabiś Mateusz 
Published: August 2022

Background: Creatine supplementation is one of the most popular methods of improving athletic performance. In this article we reviewed its positive and negative influence on human organism.
Materials and Methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed from 1998 to 2019. The research has been done by looking through the key words such as: “creatine”, “supplementation”, “influence”, “kidney”, “renal effects”.
Results: Creatine supplementation has no negative influence on renal function. Moreover it appears to have a positive effect on some aspects of metabolism.
Conclusions: According to the available knowledge, creatine supplementation in appropriate doses is safe.
Gluten - a nutritional enemy or indispensable diet ingredient?
Authors: Choina Magdalena , Gromek Weronika , Marzęda Magdalena , Wilk Klaudia , Łysiak Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Gluten is a mixture of wheat, rye and barley storage proteins. These corps have provided human beings worldwide with energy and nutrients for centuries. However, an increase in the occurrence of symptoms after the consumption of gluten has been observed recently. Although celiac disease is an indication of strict adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD), the popularity of GFD is growing among healthy people. The risks of unsupported gluten elimination should be assessed before the introduction of GFD.
Purpose: The study aims to define GFD and indicate who should follow the diet, as well as present difficulties concerning strict adherence to GFD and possible consequences of eliminating gluten on one’s own.
Description of the state of knowledge: Regarding the mechanism, in which the symptoms after gluten consumption develop, the following diseases have been distinguished: celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Currently, the only indication of strict long-life adherence to GFD is CD. Such a restrictive approach may cause financial and social problems. Although the introduction of GFD improves the quality of life in CD patients, it does not lead to the immediate disappearance of the symptoms. Healthy people, who decide to eliminate gluten, should balance their diet carefully, as GFD might cause nutritional deficiencies and metabolic diseases.
Summary: Strict long-life adherence to GFD is indicated in CD. This treatment may be problematic, which often is not evident to people who eliminate gluten on their own. Unbalanced GFD can lead to nutritional deficiencies as well as metabolic diseases.
COVID-19 in periodontal patients
Authors: Perszke Michał , Egierska Dominika 
Published: August 2022

Periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease. COVID-19 pandemic prompted researchers to look for a relationship between SARS-CoV 2 infection and periodontal diseases. The SARS-CoV 2 pathomechanism is associated with the ACE2 receptor, which is highly expressed in periodontal patients. The virus causes a cytokine storm which is also seen in periodontitis. Periopathogen proteases can degrade the S protein of the virus, which facilitates its entry into the host cell. In addition, galectin-3, a protein present in periodontitis, is morphologically similar to the S protein of the virus, which may cause the easier attachment of the virus with the host cell more easily and increase the immune response. In patients infected with SARS-CoV 2, oral lesions such as erosions, ulcers, petechiae, acute parotitis and necrotizing gingivitis occur. The aim of the study is to present the latest reports on the possible mechanisms of the influence of periodontal diseases on the infection and course of SARS-CoV 2 infection and to describe cases of changes in the oral cavity in the course of COVID-19.
Broadband ultra-compact polarization splitter–rotator using diagonally overlapped bi-layer architecture
Authors: Chung Kuo-Fang , Shih Yuan-Ting , Ma Yi-Ren , Shih Tien-Tsorng , Huang Ding-Wei 
Published: August 2022

A broadband and ultra-compact polarization splitter–rotator based on diagonally overlapped bi-layer architecture and an asymmetrical directional coupler is proposed on a silicon-on-insulator platform. By leveraging the structure over supermode theory, a 1-dB bandwidth of 220 nm, extinction ratio (ER) of

<

19

d
B

, and cross talk (XT) of

<

−
15.85

d
B

within the span of 1400–1700 nm and coupling length of 4.62 µm are achieved. In addition,

T
M

0

−

T
E

0

conversion loss of

∼

0.19

d
B

, ER of 35.88 dB, and XT of

−

30.46

d
B

can be obtained at 1550 nm. The fabrication tolerances are also analyzed, indicating that the insertion losses remain below 1 dB over 1460–1620 nm in terms of width errors and layer-to-layer misalignments within

±

10

n
m

. The results show that the proposed device is very suitable to utilize between fibers and for polarization diversity of on-chip systems for broadband operation as well as ultra-compact integration.
Gain-enabled optical delay readout unit using CMOS-compatible avalanche photodetectors
Authors: Das Ranjan , Xie Yanran , Frankis Henry , Chen Keru , Rufenacht Hermann , Lamontagne Guillaume , Bradley Jonathan D. B. , Knights Andrew P. 
Published: August 2022

A compact time delay unit is fundamental to integrated photonic circuits with applications in, for example, optical beam-forming networks, photonic equalization, and finite and infinite impulse response optical filtering. In this paper, we report a novel gain-enabled delay readout system using a tunable optical carrier, low-frequency RF signal and CMOS-compatible photodetectors, suitable for silicon photonic integration. The characterization method relies on direct phase measurement of an input RF signal and thereafter extraction of the delay profile. Both integrated silicon and germanium photodetectors coupled with low-bandwidth electronics are used to characterize a microring resonator-based, true-time delay unit under distinct ring–bus coupling formats. The detectors, used in both linear and avalanche mode, are shown to be successful as optical-to-electrical converters and RF amplifiers without introducing significant phase distortion. For a Si–Ge separate-absorption-charge-multiplication avalanche detector, an RF amplification of 10 dB is observed relative to a Ge PIN linear detector. An all-silicon defect-mediated avalanche photodetector is shown to have a 3 dB RF amplification compared to the same PIN detector. All ring delay measurement results are validated by full-wave simulation. Additionally, the impact of photodetector biasing and system linearity is analyzed.
Neurocysticercosis in Latin America: Current epidemiological situation based on official statistics from four countries
Authors: Rodríguez-Rivas Roberto , Flisser Ana , Norcia Luiz Fernando , Hamamoto Filho Pedro Tadao , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Carpio Arturo , Romo Matthew L. , Fleury Agnès 
Published: August 2022

Background
Neurocysticercosis (NC) is one of the major parasitic diseases affecting the central nervous system and is endemic in much of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Its epidemiology is difficult to assess, although official registries are available in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico.

Methodology/Principal findings
Using official statistics, we assessed trends in NC hospitalization rates during 1998–2019 in Brazil and Ecuador, during 2004–2019 in Mexico, and during 2009–2019 in Colombia. We also assessed the trend in NC mortality in Brazil (1998–2019), the trend in hospitalizations for NC in a Mexican tertiary-level hospital (Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía [INNN]; 1995–2019), and in Mexican primary care ambulatory clinics (1995–2019). Associations between NC hospitalization rates and the human development index (HDI) were also examined.
In Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico, statistically significant decreases in NC hospitalization rates were observed. In Mexico, a significant increase in the age of patients at INNN was observed, suggesting a decreasing incidence of recent infection. Conversely, a significant increase in NC hospitalization rate was observed in Colombia. HDI was not significantly associated with NC hospitalization rates when adjusting for time.

Conclusions
The downward trends in NC cases in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico are encouraging, especially in the context of the PAHO/WHO plan of action to eliminate neglected tropical diseases from the region. On the other hand, in Colombia, the increased NC hospitalization rate is concerning and needs further evaluation so that the authorities can take specific measures. These results should encourage health authorities in other endemic countries to establish a system of official registries to identify where the need for a control program is most urgent. However, it is also important to remember that NC persists, although less frequently in some Latin American countries, and efforts to achieve its control must continue.