bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines in Adolescents, Children, and Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Chen Long , Shi Yuan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAs the epidemic progresses, universal vaccination against COVID-19 has been the trend, but there are still some doubts about the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in adolescents, children, and even infants.PurposeTo evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the population aged 0–17 years.MethodA comprehensive search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 9, 2021. All data were pooled by RevMan 5.3 statistical software, with risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval as the effect measure. This study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021290205).ResultsThere was a total of six randomized controlled trials included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, enrolling participants in the age range of 3–17 years, and containing three types of COVID-19 vaccines. Compared with mRNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines have a more satisfactory safety profile, both after initial (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.90, P = 0.03) and booster (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.20–2.81, P = 0.005) vaccination. The risk of adverse reactions was significantly increased after the first and second doses, but there was no significant difference between the first two doses (RR 1.00, 95%CI 0.99–1.02, P = 0.60). Nevertheless, the two-dose regimen is obviously superior to the single-dose schedule for immunogenicity and efficacy. After booster vaccination, both neutralizing antibodies (RR 144.80, 95%CI 44.97–466.24, P &lt; 0.00001) and RBD-binding antibodies (RR 101.50, 95%CI 6.44–1,600.76, P = 0.001) reach optimal levels, but the cellular immune response seemed not to be further enhanced. In addition, compared with younger children, older children and adolescents were at significantly increased risk of adverse reactions after vaccination, with either mRNA or inactivated vaccines, accompanied by a stronger immune response.ConclusionThe available evidence suggests that the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines are acceptable in people aged 3–17 years. However, there is an urgent need for additional multicenter, large-sample studies, especially in younger children under 3 years of age and even in infants, with long-term follow-up data.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021290205, identifier: CRD42021290205.
The Influence of Parents on Medication Adherence of Their Children in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Investigation Based on Health Belief Model
Authors: Ge Pu , Liu Si-tong , Xu Shu-xian , Zhang Jin-zi , Lai Yong-jie , Fu Run-chen , Ke Xin-yu , Zhao Juan , Bian Ying , Wu Yi-bo 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of parents on the medication adherence of their children.Study DesignA cross-sectional online investigation.MethodsA questionnaire with 41 questions was designed based on the health belief model (HBM) distributed and collected online in 28 cities around China through multi-stage stratified sampling. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability, and its validity was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis and content validity index. The structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to explore the relationship between the parents' health beliefs and their children's medication adherence. Subgroup analysis was conducted to study the differences between parents with different demographic characteristics (male and female, rural and urban).Results573 questionnaires were included for analysis, with an effective rate of 62.97%. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.821 &gt; 0.6, the split-half reliability was 0.651 &gt; 0.6, the I-CVI of each dimension were &gt;0.78, and the S-CVI/AVE (I-CVI average) was 0.95 &gt; 0.9. The result of the questionnaire exploratory factor analysis met the standard. According to the SEM, self-efficacy (λ = 0.177), perceived susceptibility (λ = −0.244), and perceived severity (λ = 0.243) were direct influencing factors of children's medication adherence. In the subgroup analysis, the model established by each subgroup was consistent with the model established by the overall sample. The absolute values of females' perceived susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy for their children's medication adherence path coefficients were higher than males'.ConclusionParents' perceived severity and self-efficacy may positively impact on their children's medication adherence, while parents' susceptibility to children's medication non-adherence may negatively impact on children's medication adherence. Objective constraints, perceived barriers, and benefits may in directly impact on children's medication adherence. Women's health beliefs appear to have a more significant impact on their children's medication adherence than men's. It may be an effective strategy to increase their children's medication adherence by improving parents' health beliefs. Medical staff should explain medication adherence knowledge to the parents of children, and inform the children of the possible consequences of non-adherence with medication, to improve the subjective perception of parents on the severity of children's non-adherence with medication, and improve parents' self-efficacy in rational medication for children. In addition, attention should be paid to the mental health of the parents, and more social and psychological support.
Use of Objective Outcomes Measures to Verify the Effects of ICF-Based Gait Treatment in Huntington's Disease Patient on Globus Pallidus Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case Report
Authors: Capato Tamine T. C. , Cury Rubens G. , Tornai Juliana , Fonoff Erich T. , Guimarães Renata , Jacobsen Manoel T. , Haddad Mônica S. , Barbosa Egberto R. 
Published: April 2022

In advanced stages of in Huntington's disease (HD) gait impairments and severe chorea are usually medication-refractory. The long-term effects on gait in HD of physiotherapy ICF-based management post- globus pallidus deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) are not well-established. Physiotherapy has been recognized as an essential element in HD treatment. Here, we present a case report of a 56-year-old woman with HD on the advanced stage and severe chorea medication-refractory after GPi-DBS. We performed multidisciplinary motor assessments ICF-based to identify the disability at clinical and home-setting, including environmental and personal factors before and after GPi-DBS surgery and at 11-time points follow-up. The surgery was very successful and directly post GPi-DBS, there were a significant improvement in chorea and a substantial decrease in medication dose. A framework ICF- based physiotherapy protocol with external cues was developed to improve gait was delivered post-surgery and was continued three times/week during 18-months. Physiotherapy sessions consisted of a personalized protocol of exercises with functional movements, balance, and gait training with external cues. Improvements in gait were observed in 3-months post-intervention and were more expressive in 6-months follow-up. Our patient improved substantially HD motor symptoms and her quality of life after GPi-DBS intervention and a physiotherapy program ICF-based. The objective outcomes measures used to assess gait have served as endpoints to assessing the patient's motor profile during the pre-operative period. Assessments were helpful to verify the efficacy of the multidisciplinary intervention in long-term.ConclusionPeriodically assessing function and disability using outcome improvements may support clinicians' decisions about DBS, medication adjustments and guide physiotherapists to personalize the ICF-based intervention.
A Plant Characterization Unit for Closed Life Support: Hardware and Control Design for Atmospheric Systems
Authors: Pannico Antonio , Cimini Gionata , Quadri Claudia , Paradiso Roberta , Bucchieri Lorenzo , Rouphael Youssef , De Pascale Stefania 
Published: April 2022

Growth chambers are critical to the characterization of higher plant performance within BLSSs for long term crewed missions in Space. The Plant Characterization Unit (PCU) is a 2.16 m3 environmentally controlled sealed chamber, realized in 2019 at the Laboratory of Crop research for Space of the University of Naples (Italy), within the European Space Agency Programme MELiSSA. The PCU enables terrestrial investigations of BLSS higher plant compartments that produce food, water, and oxygen for the crew. It accommodates two separate sub-systems, an atmospheric module and a hydroponic module. Such systems regulate autonomously temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and spectral composition, atmosphere gas composition, and air flow and pressure, as well as the composition, the temperature and the flow of the nutrient solution. This method paper describes the following phases of realization: 1) the definition of plant requirements; 2) the design of the two modules; 3) the development of the control system for the atmospheric sub-system.
Predictive Analysis of Air Pollution using Machine Learning
Authors: Sunita Chalageri  , Prithvi Prakash  , Rakshitha  , Rachanaa  
Published: April 2022

Where substances such as gases, particulates and biological molecules discharge hazardous or unsustainable quantities into the Earth's atmosphere, this is referred to as polluted air. It couldroot disease, allergy and smooth death in people; it may also impact on other living species, like animals and food crop, and harm the usual or constructed surroundings. Mutually human actions and normal processes can create air contamination. Air polution.
This study examines the limits of Linear Regression methods and the machine learning model's potential. Datasets are taken in the form of files from UCI, CSV (combination separated values) (University of California). Demonstrated through the comprehension of the explanatory variable in machine learning models that linear regression might help. This study reveals the character of the machine learning algorithms through research into different models' performance in connection with how they capture the link among air eminence and different variables.
Smart Visual Assistance for Visually Impaired
Authors: Neetha Das  , Prajwal V  , Pranav K Bharadwaj  , Punith Kumar J  , Rahul V  
Published: April 2022

The visually impaired personnel face a variety problem in their day to day life. They come under very challenging situation on a daily basis. Walking with a stick and confusion in mind due to the trial and error method making it very hard to navigate in unfamiliar locations. With the advent of technology in this data driven world, the barrier for blind society can be cut down with innovative adaptations in technologies such as machine learning, deep learning and computer vision.
QR codes can be used to inform some familiarized locations giving quick response in a closed environment for the blind person. This makes it is possible to help navigate the blind person in a closed environment.
The project attempts to help the blind people to get comfortable and be confident in unfamiliar locations through a speech assistive system. The projects consist of 3 modules namely:(i) Object Detection and positioning.(ii) Text to Speech Conversion.
The project helps the user to find obstacles in his path and avoid them, it also makes it possible to locates some of the locations in a closed environment, this is done with the help of CNNs and some APIs like Opencv, Yolo and Tensorflow, QRCode, pyzbar (used for generation of qrcode). The detected items are reported to the user in the form of speech with the help of some python libraries like pyttsx3.
The State of Psycho-Emotional and Vegetative Functions and Its Role in the Transformation of Acute into Chronic Pain in Young People with Dorsalgia
Authors: Куфтерина Н.С. 
Published: April 2022

В статье представлены результаты исследования вегетативных функций у 90 пациентов с острой и 75 пациентов с хронической дорсалгией пояснично-крестцовой локализации в соотношении с выраженностью болевых ощущений и эмоциональными нарушениями. Выявлено наличие синдрома вегетативной дисфункции, частота и выраженность которого была более высокой при хронических дорсалгиях. Вегетативные расстройства характеризовались симпатической направленностью вегетативных функций как при острой, так и при хронической боли. С нарастанием длительности болевого синдрома в спине усиливаются симпатикотония, нарушения вегетативного гомеостаза и гомеокинеза, а также психоэмоциональные нарушения, определяющие течение заболевания и восприятие болевого синдрома.
The article presents the results of a study of autonomic functions in 90 patients with acute and 75 patients with chronic dorsalgia of lumbosacral localization in relation to the severity of pain and emotional disturbances. The presence of autonomic dysfunction syndrome was detected, the frequency and severity of which was higher in chronic dorsalgia. Autonomic disorders were characterized by a sympathetic orientation of autonomic functions in both acute and chronic pain. With an increase in the duration of pain in the back, sympathicotonia, autonomic homeostasis and homeokinesis disorders, as well as psychoemotional disorders that determine the course of the disease and the perception of pain, increase.
The Benefits of Removing Median Cysts and Fistulas of the Neck while Maintaining the Continuity of the Body of the Hyoid Bone
Authors: Ластовка А.С. , Каханович Т.В. 
Published: April 2022

Лечение срединных кист (свищей) шеи исключительно хирургическое. При этом традиционно считается, что необходимо их удалять с одномоментным проведением резекции тела подъязычной кости с нарушением ее анатомической непрерывности, так как удаление без резекции приводит к частым рецидивам (до 60). Однако подъязычная кость является важной анатомической структурой, т. к. служит связующим звеном между мышцами дна полости рта и шеи, а нарушение ее анатомической непрерывности приводит к нарушению согласованной работы этих мышц. Предлагаемый способ операции позволяет радикально удалить срединную кисту (свищ) шеи, сохранить анатомическую непрерывность подъязычной кости и ее правильное пространственное положение вместе с прикрепляемыми к ней мышечными структурами и избежать связанных с этим послеоперационных осложнений. Проведенные клинические исследования в послеоперационном периоде также позволяют утверждать, что методика удаления срединных кист и свищей шеи с фрагментарной резекцией тела подъязычной кости и сохранением ее непрерывности менее травматична по сравнению с традиционной методикой операции.
Treatment of median cysts (fistulas) of the neck is exclusively surgical. Moreover, it is traditionally believed that it is necessary to remove them with simultaneous resection of the hyoid bone body in violation of its anatomical continuity, since removal without resection leads to frequent relapses (up to 60). However, the hyoid bone is an important anatomical structure, as serves as a link between the muscles of the bottom of the mouth and neck, and a violation of its anatomical continuity leads to disruption of the coordinated work of these muscles. The proposed method of surgery allows you to radically remove the median cyst (fistula) of the neck, maintain the anatomical continuity of the hyoid bone and its correct spatial position along with the muscle structures attached to it, and avoid the associated postoperative complications. Clinical studies in the postoperative period also suggest that the technique of removing the median cysts and fistulas of the neck with fragmentary resection of the hyoid bone and maintaining its continuity is less traumatic compared to the traditional method of surgery.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN DAN KEAKTIVAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS TENTANG SUMBER DAYA ALAM MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN KONSTEKTUAL
Authors: Sukamto Sukamto 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari kesulitan dan hambatan yang muncul dari guru SD Negeri 2 Rejasari Kecamatan Langensari mengenai pembelajaran IPS, yang mana siswa tidak dapat menghubungkan antara pengetahuan yang dimilikinya dengan penerapanya dengan kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai anggota keluarga dan masyarakat. Proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas pada saat ini masih diarahkan pada kemampuan anak untuk menghapal informasi, tanpa dituntut untuk memahami informasi yang diingatnya itu untuk menhubungkannya dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Pendekatan kontektual (Contextual Teaching and Learning/CTL) merupakan konsep belajar yang membantu guru mengaitkan antara materi yang diajarkan dengan situasi dunia nyata siswa dan mendorong siswa membuat hubungan antara pengetahuan yang dimilikinya dengan penerapannya dalam kehidupan mereka sebagai anggota keluarga dan masyarakat. Dengan konsep itu, hasil pembelajaran diharapkan lebih bermakna bagi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun RPP, melaksanakan pembelajaran, dan mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas, kemampuan serta pemahaman siswa setelah metode pembelajaran kontekstual diterapkan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, mengambil subjek penelitian ialah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Rejasari Kecamatan Langensari Tindakan penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 siklus 4 pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, diskusi dan tes. Untuk pengolahan data menggunakan analisis deskripsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja guru dalam merancang RPP siklus 1 pertemuan 1 presentase 55%, siklus I pertemuan 2 63%, siklus II pertemuan 1 70%, dan siklus II pertemuan 2 76%. Hasil kinerja guru dalam KBM siklus 1 pertemuan 1 presentase 58%, siklus 1 pertemuan 2 66%, siklus 2 pertemuan 1 73% dan siklus 2 pertemuan 2 80%. Hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS pada konsep sumber daya alam terjadi peningkatan dari tiap-tiap siklus. siklus 1 pertemuan 1 rata-rata 60,32, siklus 1 pertemuan 2 rata-rata 67,26, siklus 2 pertemuan 1 73,53 dan siklus 2 pertemuan 2 78,39. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran kontekstual dapat meniingkatkan pemahaman dan keaktivan siswa pada pembelajaran IPS tentang sumber daya alam.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN PECAHAN MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REALISTICS MATHEMATIC EDUCATION
Authors: Mugiyana Tatang 
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (a) untuk Mengetahui proses pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran realistik di kelas VI SD Negeri 1 Kujangsari Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar; (b) Melihat minat siswa terhadap matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran realistik di kelas VI SD Negeri 1 Kujangsari Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar; (c) Memberikan gambaran tentang sejauh mana pembelajaran pecahan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran realistik dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa di kelas VI SD Negeri 1 Kujangsari Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar. Metode penelitian dalam hal ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Adapun subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa/i kelas VI SD Negeri 1 Kujangsari Kecamatan Langensari Kota Banjar tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang terdiri dari 35 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes, observasi dan dokumentasi lapangan.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran realistik pada pokok bahasan operasi hitung pecahan di kelas VI ternyata mampu mengubah minat siswa yang semula kurang menyukai pelajaran matematika menjadi antuasias dan tampak senang pada pembelajaran matematika ini.Pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran realistik pada pokok bahasan operasi hitung pecahan di kelas VI secara umum telah dapat meningkatkan hasil prestasi belajar matematika. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya nilai yang diperoleh siswa dari hasil tes rata – rata siklus I pertemuan 1= 68,86, siklus I pertemuan 2 = 70,57, rata – rata siklus II pertemuan 1=82,57, dan rata – rata siklus II pertemuan 2 = 90,00 . Maka kalau dibandingkan antar siklus terdapat peningkaatan yang signifikan.
Effect of etching solution concentration on preparation of Si holes by metal-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Murata Kyosuke , Yorioka Takuya , Shiraiwa Naoya , Ito Takeshi , Shingubara Shoso , Shimizu Tomohiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The effect of the etching solution concentration on the etching profile of vertical microscale holes formed on a Si(100) substrate by metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) was investigated. MacEtch was performed at different solution concentration ratios (characterized by their molar ratio

ρ
=

[
HF
]

/

HF
]

+

[

H

2

O

2

), and the Au catalyst split above a certain concentration ratio. The Au–Si interface in the samples after MacEtch was observed using transmission electron microscopy, which revealed that there was a porous SiO
x
interlayer between the Au and Si, and that the SiO
x
layer became thinner as the concentration ratio increased. The interlayer almost disappeared under solution conditions when the catalyst was split. We propose two hypotheses for the mechanism of catalytic fracture during MacEtch: chemical fracture due to Si atoms diffusing into the grain boundaries of polycrystalline Au by Au–Si interdiffusion, and mechanical fracture due to stress on the catalyst caused by heterogeneous etching.
Coding acoustic metasurfaces for tunable focusing in three-dimensional space
Authors: Cao Jia , Lu Chunyao , Ma Qiujun , Hu Xiaopin , You Chenzhi , Xu Zheng , Wu Dawei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acoustic focusing has been widely applied in biological and industrial fields. In this work, a coding acoustic metasurface consisting of two kinds of hexagonal coding bits is designed. Using the metasurface, acoustic focusing can be implemented in three-dimensional space. Besides, by altering the coding sequence, the focal length can be manipulated flexibly to satisfy the practical demands. Furthermore, bifocal focusing, which has a great potential in multiplane imaging, can be realized by properly arranging the coding sequence. Our works broaden the prospects of the coding metasurfaces and have promising applications in the areas of biomedical therapy and imaging.
Impact of Short Story on the listening skills of the first year tertiary students in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Via , Rakhmawati Ika 
Published: April 2022

This study examines the effectiveness of short stories as alternative genre to engage students in listening practice. By employing quantitative approach, pre-experimental design was chosen to test the effect of short stories audio toward listening skills improvement. The participants of the research are first year college students of English Department in an Indonesian university. The phases in garnering the data was started with pre-test, followed by a designed treatment, and ended up with post-test to assess the effect. The result indicates that students' scores have increased after the treatment. The calculation of data with SPSS by considering Wilcoxon Rank Test results that there is improvement which post-test scores are higher than pre-test ones, which is 53.70 > 80.87, and the significance is 0.000 < 0.05. It suggests that short story is significantly effective for engaging students in listening practice and it further positively gives impact on listening skills. Therefore, short story could be an alternative genre used in the classroom as it possibly enthralls students to engage in listening activity.