bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On coherence of quantum operations by using Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Gao Ting , Yan Fengli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In quantum information, most information processing processes involve quantum channels. One manifestation of a quantum channel is quantum operation acting on quantum states. The coherence of quantum operations can be considered as a quantum resource, which can be exploited to perform certain quantum tasks. From the viewpoint of Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism, we study the coherence of quantum operations in the framework of resource theory. We study the phase-out superoperation and give the operation which transforms the Choi–Jamiołkowski state of a quantum operation to the Choi–Jamiołkowski state of the another quantum operation obtained by using the phase-out superoperation to act on the quantum operation. The set of maximally incoherent superoperations, the set of nonactivating coherent superoperations and the set of de-phase incoherent superoperations are investigated and we prove that these sets are closed to compound operation and convex combination of quantum superoperations. Further, we introduce the fidelity coherence measure of quantum operations and obtain the exact form of the fidelity coherence measure of the unitary operations on the single qubit.
A Review of Third Way Consistent Theories
Authors: Sadik Deger Nihat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We will give an overview of “third way consistent” theories. Field equations of such models do not come from the variation of a local action without auxiliary fields, yet their covariant divergences still vanish on-shell. First examples were discovered in three dimensions which were pure massive gravity and Yang-Mills theories. However, recently interacting p-form theories with this property in arbitrary dimensions were also constructed. After explaining construction of these theories and some of their general features, we will discuss some open problems and future directions.
From Feynman graphs to Witten diagrams
Authors: Domingo Gallegos A. , Gürsoy Umut , Zinnato Natale 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the possibility of generalizing Gopakumar’s microscopic derivation of Witten diagrams in large N free quantum field theory [1] to interacting theories. For simplicity we consider a massless, matrix valued real scalar field with Φh interaction in d-dimensions. Using Schwinger’s proper time formulation and organizing the sum over Feynman graphs by the number of loops l, we show that the two-point function can be expressed as a sum over boundary-to-boundary propagators of bulk scalars in AdS
d+1 with mass determined by l.
This manuscript is intended as a contribution to the festschrift of prof. Tekin Dereli’s on the occasion of his 72nd birthday.1
ITER beam aided diagnostics
Authors: Levinton F.M. , Reichert H. , De Bock M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We provide an overview of ITER beam aided diagnostics, including the motional Stark effect (MSE) and charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). ITER presents several unique challenges to plasma diagnostics in general and beam-aided diagnostics in particular. The large size, long pulse, and DT operation drives much of the diagnostic design. This in turn has driven a significant R&D effort concerning the maintenance of plasma facing mirrors with sufficient reflectivity to maintain the utility of the diagnostic. In the case of MSE a new approach utilizing spectral splitting will be pursued instead of the conventional polarimetry approach due to the difficulty of maintaining and calibrating the polarizations properties of the plasma facing mirror.
Generalized hydrodynamics of the attractive non-linear Schrӧdinger equation
Authors: Koch Rebekka , Caux Jean-Sébastien , Bastianello Alvise 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the generalized hydrodynamics of the one-dimensional classical non linear Schrӧdinger equation in the attractive phase. We thereby show that the thermodynamic limit is entirely captured by solitonic modes and radiation is absent. Our results are derived by considering the semiclassical limit of the quantum Bose gas, where the Planck constant has a key role as a regulator of the classical soliton gas. We use our result to study adiabatic interaction changes from the repulsive to the attractive phase, observing soliton production and obtaining exact analytical results which are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.
Border policing at sea: Tactics, routines, and the law in a Frontex patrol boat
Authors: Bachiller López Covadonga 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores how Frontex border policing is organized and performed at the level of the everyday. Based on ethnographic research in the Aegean Sea and interviews with Frontex and Hellenic Coast Guard officers, it details the mundane workings of ‘early detection’—a bordering practice that is systematically performed at EUrope’s frontier. By analysing the tactical labour and interactions with the host authority, the article documents a transformation in Frontex officers’ understandings of their role from humanitarian rescue towards deterrence. A focus on the day-to-day practices of Frontex officers and their limited conception of human rights reveals the ways unlawful bordering tactics become routinized within the Frontex operational theatre.
Coexisting neuronal coding strategies in the barrel cortex
Authors: Sharma Hariom , Azouz Rony 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During tactile sensation by rodents, whisker movements across surfaces generate complex whisker motions, including discrete, transient stick–slip events, which carry information about surface properties. The characteristics of these events and how the brain encodes this tactile information remain enigmatic. We found that cortical neurons show a mixture of synchronized and nontemporally correlated spikes in their tactile responses. Synchronous spikes convey the magnitude of stick–slip events by numerous aspects of temporal coding. These spikes show preferential selectivity for kinetic and kinematic whisker motion. By contrast, asynchronous spikes in each neuron convey the magnitude of stick–slip events by their discharge rates, response probability, and interspike intervals. We further show that the differentiation between these two types of activity is highly dependent on the magnitude of stick–slip events and stimulus and response history. These results suggest that cortical neurons transmit multiple components of tactile information through numerous coding strategies.
Diagnosis and Management ofTrichomonas vaginalis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Kissinger Patricia J , Gaydos Charlotte A , Seña Arlene C , Scott McClelland R , Soper David , Secor W Evan , Legendre Davey , Workowski Kimberly A , Muzny Christina A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis is likely the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 3.7 million women and men in the United States. Health disparities are prominent in the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, as African Americans are &gt;4 times more likely to be infected than persons of other races. Since publication of the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, additional data have bolstered the importance of T. vaginalis infection sequelae in women, including increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition, cervical cancer, preterm birth, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Less is known about the clinical significance of infection in men. Newly available diagnostic methods, including point-of-care assays and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests, can be performed on a variety of genital specimens in women and men, including urine, allowing more accurate and convenient testing and screening of those at risk for infection. Repeat and persistent infections are common in women; thus, rescreening at 3 months after treatment is recommended. In vitro antibiotic resistance to 5-nitroimidazole in T. vaginalis remains low (4.3%) but should be monitored. High rates of T. vaginalis among sexual partners of infected persons suggest a role for expedited partner treatment. A randomized controlled trial in HIV-uninfected women demonstrated that multidose metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 days reduced the proportion of women with Trichomonas infection at 1 month test of cure compared with women receiving single-dose therapy (2 g). The 2-g single-dose oral metronidazole regimen remains the preferred treatment in men.
Surgical reintervention on the neo-aorta after the Norwood operation
Authors: Kido Takashi , Steringer Maria-Theresa , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Burri Melchior , Vodiskar Janez , Strbad Martina , Cleuziou Julie , Georgiev Stanimir , Lemmer Julia , Ewert Peter , Hager Alfred , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We sought to identify the prevalence of surgical reintervention on the neo-aorta after Norwood procedure and its impact on long-term outcomes.

METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent Norwood procedure. The impacts of surgical neoaortic reintervention on outcomes were analysed in each stage of palliation.

RESULTS
A total of 335 patients were included in this study. Thirty patients underwent surgical reintervention on the neo-aorta after Norwood procedure. The timing of initial reintervention was before stage II in 13 patients, at stage II in 7, between stage II and stage III in 5, at stage III in 3 and after stage III in 2. A reintervention before stage II was significantly associated with mortality (HR 14.4, 95% confidence interval 6.00–34.6, P &lt; 0.001). In patients who underwent stage II (n = 251), reintervention had no significant impact on mortality. In patients who underwent stage III (n = 188), the previous reintervention was significantly associated with higher mean pulmonary pressure (P = 0.05) and a higher rate of reduced ventricular function (P = 0.002). Greater than mild atrioventricular valve regurgitation was significantly associated with the development of a neoaortic arch stenosis after stage II (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical reinterventions on the neo-aorta were required in each inter-stage phase. A surgical neoaortic reintervention was not related to increased mortality after stage II but significantly associated with a higher rate of reduced ventricular function and elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure.
Mapping of clinical research on artificial intelligence in the treatment of cancer and the challenges and opportunities underpinning its integration in the European Union health sector
Authors: Popescu Elena-Ramona , Geantă Marius , Brand Angela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Although current efforts are made to diminish the incidence and burden of disease, cancer is still widely identified late at stage. This study aims to conduct a systematic review mapping the existent and emerging clinical research on artificial intelligence (AI) in the treatment of cancer and to underpin its integration challenges and opportunities in the European Union (EU) health sector.

Methods
A systematic literature review (SLR) evaluating global clinical trials (CTs; published between 2010 and 2020 or forthcoming) was concluded. Additionally, a horizon scanning (HS) exercise focusing on emerging trends (published between 2017 and 2020) was conducted.

Results
Forty-four CTs were identified and analyzed. Selected CTs were divided into three research areas: (i) potential of AI combined with imaging techniques, (ii) AI’s applicability in robotic surgery interventions and (iii) AI’s potential in clinical decision making. Twenty-one studies presented an interventional nature, nine papers were observational and 14 articles did not explicitly mention the type of study performed. The papers presented an increased heterogeneity in sample size, type of tumour, type of study and reporting of results. In addition, a shift in research is observed and only a small fraction of studies were completed in the EU. These findings could be further linked to the current socio-economic, political, scientific, technological and environmental state of the EU in regard to AI innovation.

Conclusion
To overcome the challenges threatening the EU’s integration of such technology in the healthcare field, new strategies taking into account the EU’s socio-economic and political environment are deemed necessary.
The Multiscale Dynamics of Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Fluctuation Mediated the Relationship Between Frailty and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults
Authors: Jiang Xin , Cai Yurun , Wu Xiaoyan , Huang Baofeng , Chen Yurong , Zhong Lilian , Gao Xia , Guo Yi , Zhou Junhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) is an important cardiovascular output and regulated by neurophysiological elements over multiple temporal scales. The multiscale dynamics of beat-to-beat BP fluctuation can be characterized by “BP complexity” and has been linked to age-related adverse health outcomes. We here aimed to examine whether BP complexity mediates the association between arterial stiffness and frailty.MethodThis cross-sectional study was completed between January and October 2021. A total of 350 older adults completed assessments for frailty, arterial stiffness (ie, average brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity), and beat-to-beat finger BP. The complexity of beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) BP series was measured using multiscale entropy. The relationships between frailty, BP complexity, and arterial stiffness were examined using analysis of variance and linear regression models. The effects of BP complexity on the association between arterial stiffness and frailty were examined using mediation analyses.ResultsCompared with non-frail, prefrail, and frail groups had significantly elevated lower SBP and DBP complexity (F &gt; 11, p &lt; .001) and greater arterial stiffness (F = 16, p &lt; .001). Greater arterial stiffness was associated with lower BP complexity (β &lt; −0.42, p &lt; .001). Beat-to-beat SBP and DBP complexity mediated the association between arterial stiffness and frailty (indirect effects &gt;0.28), accounting for at least 47% of its total effects on frailty (mediated proportion: SBP: 50%, DBP: 47%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the association between BP complexity and frailty in older adults, and BP complexity mediates the association between arterial stiffness and frailty, suggesting that this metric would serve as a marker to help characterize important functions in the older adults.
Butyric Acid Precursor Tributyrin Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Prevents Spatial Memory Deficits: Role of PPARγ and AMPK
Authors: Belén Sanz-Martos Ana , Fernández-Felipe Jesús , Merino Beatriz , Cano Victoria , Ruiz-Gayo Mariano , Del Olmo Nuria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as butyric acid (BA), derived from the intestinal fermentation of dietary fiber and contained in dairy products, are gaining interest in relation to their possible beneficial effects on neuropsychological disorders

Methods
C57BL/6J male mice were used to investigate the effect of tributyrin (TB), a prodrug of BA, on hippocampus (HIP)-dependent spatial memory, HIP synaptic transmission and plasticity mechanisms, and the expression of genes and proteins relevant to HIP glutamatergic transmission.

Results
Ex vivo studies, carried out in HIP slices, revealed that TB can transform early-LTP into late-LTP (l-LTP) and to rescue LTP-inhibition induced by scopolamine. The facilitation of l-LTP induced by TB was blocked both by GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist) and C-Compound (an AMPK inhibitor), suggesting the involvement of both PPARγ and AMPK on TB effects. Moreover, 48-hour intake of a diet containing 1% TB prevented, in adolescent but not in adult mice, scopolamine-induced impairment of HIP-dependent spatial memory. In the adolescent HIP, TB upregulated gene expression levels of Pparg, leptin, and adiponectin receptors, and that of the glutamate receptor subunits AMPA-2, NMDA-1, NMDA-2A, and NMDA-2B.

Conclusions
Our study shows that TB has a positive influence on LTP and HIP-dependent spatial memory, which suggests that BA may have beneficial effects on memory.
Cattle acclimate more substantially to repeated handling when confined individually in a pen than when assessed as a group
Authors: Parham Jamie T , Tanner Amy E , Blevins Sarah R , Wahlberg Mark L , Lewis Ronald M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chute (CS) and exit (ES) scores are common subjective methods used to evaluate temperament in cattle production systems. A pen test, which allows behavior to be observed in a non-restrained setting, may also be an effective method to evaluate temperament by allowing more variation among animals to be expressed. The merit of pen scores in assisting producers in evaluating temperament is equivocal. The objectives of this study were to validate the usefulness of a pen score in delineating temperamental cattle and to determine whether these behavioral scores change under repeated and routine management. Over 3 consecutive years, a factorial design of two measurement protocols (frequent [F], infrequent [IN]) and three recording periods was used. The F measurements were collected over 3 consecutive days and IN measurements only on day 1 within a recording period. Each year, 20 mostly Angus commercial Bos taurus heifers were randomly assigned to each protocol. Behavior was measured using a CS, ES, and exit velocity. Body temperature and heart rate also were recorded. A fecal and blood sample were collected and analyzed for levels of various metabolites including glucose concentration and serum cortisol. Following routine handling, each heifers’ response to 30 s of exposure to a human stressor was recorded both individually and in groups of four. An individual (IPS) and group (GPS) pen scores were assigned from 1 (docile) to 6 (aggressive). For all heifers, protocol, event, and their interaction, were compared on the first day of an event. For F heifers, event and day within event were instead used. Body weight was included as a covariate, with sire and year fitted as random effects. Reliability of IPS and GPS were determined using a kappa (K) coefficient. Both IPS and GPS were reliably assigned (K = 0.64 and 0.44 for IPS and GPS, respectively) and positively correlated with body temperature, heart rate, glucose, and serum cortisol (r = 0.28 to 0.37). Furthermore, F heifers acclimated to repeated handling in an individual pen setting (P &lt; 0.05) while acclimation to handling within groups was not evident (P &gt; 0.14). IPS provides a reliable evaluation of temperament in a non-restrained setting that is indicative of an animal’s response to stress and may be useful when attempting to make phenotypic selection decisions. However, temperamental heifers became calmer with repeated gentle handling.
Variation in diet of frugivorous bats in fragments of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest associated with vegetation density
Authors: Oelbaum Phillip J , Teixeira Tiago S M , Clare Elizabeth L , Broders Hugh G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpecies distribution and persistence have long been known to vary with landscape structure; however, continued human activities in altered landscapes raise many questions as to how habitat fragmentation impacts the biology of persistent animal populations. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis, we examined interspecific variation in the diet of frugivorous bats among remnant habitat patches of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. We hypothesized that the diet of individuals captured in habitat patches would be different than those captured in contiguous habitats. We predicted that bats would alter their realized dietary niche breadth, taking food items (i.e., fruits or insects) according to landscape structure. However, more mobile species should be less impacted by small-scale landscape changes. We predicted that (1) a wide-ranging species (Artibeus lituratus), which move through open areas, will be less affected by small-scale landscape attributes, patch size, composition, and isolation; while (2) two narrow-ranging species (Carollia perspicillata and Sturnira lilium) will have more variation between populations in niche breadth and isotopic ratio ranges dependant on the local environment. Using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) to rank a priori selected candidate models to explain variation, we found that fragment composition, largely involving vegetation density rather than spatial aspects of landscape structure (i.e., patch area, isolation) best explained diet variation in frugivorous bats. Additionally, there was evidence that wide-ranging A. lituratus were less impacted by differences in the landscape than narrow-ranging species. This supports the prediction that bats resident to fragments have altered feeding behavior, in response to environmental perturbation.
How lions move at night when they hunt?
Authors: Yiu Sze-Wing , Owen-Smith Norman , Cain James W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Movement patterns of lions (Panthera leo) reveal how they hunt large herbivores in heterogeneous landscapes such as the Kruger National Park in South Africa. Large herbivores are distributed differently on the landscape and therefore have different vulnerabilities as prey for lions. For instance, blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) occupy small grazing lawns at night but are difficult for lions to capture because open areas lack cover for stalking. African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) aggregate in large herds but are less available because these herds only intermittently enter the home ranges of individual lion prides. Unlike large herds of wildebeest and buffalo, plains zebra (Equus quagga) move widely in small herds while browsing greater kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) generally occur in lower densities. We used spatial data derived from GPS collars to investigate several hypotheses regarding the movements of three lion prides in response to their prey. We found that lions were most active and moved longer distances during nighttime than during daytime. Lions remained within their core home ranges on 87% of nights and wandered to the outlying areas of the home ranges every second night. Lions visited grazing lawns, that is, area of short grass, where wildebeest herds resided every second night, and moved toward the direction of buffalo herds within 2 km of vicinity. Lions spent more time near riverbanks that provided dense woody cover at night than expected but concentrated only weakly near sites with surface water where herbivores drank in the dry season. Our study contributes to understanding how lions vary their movements in response to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the relative availability and vulnerability of multiple prey species.
A case of recurrent gallstone ileus within 1 week post enterolithotomy
Authors: Doole Emily 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gallstone ileus (GSI) is a rare pathology, affecting 0.3–0.5% of people with cholelithiasis and accounting for 0.1% of mechanical bowel obstructions. It carries a high mortality of 12–27%. The rate of recurrence following a first episode of GSI is relatively high at 5–20%. Very early recurrence, within the first week, poses several challenges in both diagnosis and management. This case describes an 84-year-old woman who presented with a mechanical bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone impacted in the distal jejunum. This was managed operatively and the patient progressed well. The patient developed an early recurrent gallstone ileus, confirmed on computed tomography (CT) on Day 7 postoperatively. This was initially mistaken for a postoperative ileus. Early recurrent gallstone ileus can easily be mistaken for more common postoperative complications. Given its high mortality, consideration should be given to early investigation with CT to rule out recurrent GSI.