bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Husbandry, Cultural Change, and Economic Networks: An Archaeozoological Perspective on the Transformation of Iron Age Oppida Societies
Authors: Trixl Simon , Horvath Janette 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the 2nd century bce, with the Iron Age Oppida Civilisation, Central Europe experienced an unprecedented degree of urbanization, economic centralization, and supra‐regional exchange. However, from 80 bce onwards, in the Northern Alpine Foreland (present‐day southern Germany), these structures declined, leading to the abandonment of both urban and rural settlements. Various factors, such as landscape overexploitation and military conflicts, have been proposed to explain this decline. Concurrently, cultural transfer and possible migration movements from the Central German Upland Zone gave rise to the Southeast Bavarian Group (SEBG), an Iron Age community that emerged north of the Alps, differing from Oppida societies in terms of material culture and settlement structure. This paper aims to explore the effects of these socio‐economic upheavals on livestock farming by comparing faunal assemblages from the Oppida Civilisation and the SEBG, focusing on two categories of archaeozoological data: species distribution and body size development in cattle. Generally, species distribution patterns in SEBG farmsteads show continuity with the preceding Oppida Civilisation, with the exception of the Langenpreising site near Munich, where a high proportion of sheep could suggests economic influences from the Central German Upland Zone. Osteometric results on cattle breeding prompt the hypothesis that a large‐sized cattle type of non‐local origin appeared in SEBG contexts. We discuss several potential regions as the origin of this allochthonous phenotype, with the most plausible explanation being that these cattle were possibly transferred from Roman Upper Italy through Eastern Alpine Iron Age communities to the SEBG. However, because of the limited osteometric data set, this is to be seen as a working hypothesis that requires further testing. From an archaeozoological perspective, the end of the Iron Age was characterized by the decline of proto‐urban structures on the one hand and the emergence of new economic networks on the other.
Bloodletting as Medical Child Abuse Revealed by Lack of Iron Accumulation Despite Multiple Erythrocyte Transfusions
Authors: Hasle Henrik , Frost Lise , Johansen Klaus Birkelund , Jørgensen Gitte Hesthaven 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe central venous line was used for feeding an infant with failure to thrive. He later developed unexplained severe transfusion‐dependent anemia. Ferritin remained low despite more than 100 transfusions. The medical arguments mainly based upon iron physiology provided strong suspicion for intended bloodletting, which was documented by covert video. The mother was very active on social media lacking behavioral signs of Munchhausen by proxy during hospital contacts. Despite clear medical evidence of medical child abuse, the diagnosis was delayed by several years.
Challenges and Opportunities of a Multi‐Institutional Treatment Guideline for Wilms Tumor in Low‐Middle‐Income Countries—A Report from the Asociación de Hemato‐Oncología Pediátrica de Centro América (AHOPCA)
Authors: Valverde Patricia , Velasquez Thelma , Ortiz Roberta , Fuentes‐Alabi Soad Linneth , Peña Armando , Gonzalez José Fernando , Gutierrez Tito Luis , Melendez Luis Enrique , Tome Enrique , Arreola Magda , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Colombo Valeria , Luna‐Fineman Sandra , Blanco‐Lopez Jessica , Metzger Monika L. , Spreafico Filippo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSince 2000, centers across Central America have shared treatment guidelines for Wilms tumor, using histology (anaplasia present or absent) and tumor stage to stratify patients into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups. Weekly virtual tumor board meetings involving local and international experts were held to ensure consistent treatment assignments. We analyzed data from 367 children with unilateral tumors treated per these guidelines. Five‐year abandonment‐sensitive event‐free and overall survival estimates were: low risk 82% ± 3.8% and 86% ± 3.6%, intermediate risk 50% ± 3.4% and 60% ± 3.4%, and high risk 36% ± 7.6% and 45% ± 7.9%. Survival outcomes were suboptimal, primarily due to advanced disease in fragile children at presentation and abandonment of treatment.
Bacterial and Parasitic Stool Studies Have Limited Utility in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Authors: Nagy Matthew , Wychera Chiara , Schemm Jeffrey , Brewster Ryan , Duncan Christine N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiarrhea is a common complication among pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Although many of the cases are secondary to graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), stool microbiological studies are often performed to evaluate an underlying infectious etiology. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and utility of stool studies in children who have undergone HCT.MethodsDemographics, clinical characteristics, and stool study results (viral, parasitic, and bacterial) of all patients who underwent HCT at a large, academic, freestanding children's hospital between January 2006 and December 2023 were obtained. Statistical analysis conducted included t tests, chi‐square, and linear regression.ResultsOverall, 1381 HCT recipients (9.2 ± 6.6 years) were included. Altogether, 6509 stool studies were obtained among 741 (54%) patients. Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (SSYCE) studies were sent on 363 (26%, 2252 studies) patients with 1 (0.04%) positive result. Clostridium difficile was sent on 706 (51%, 2055 studies) patients, with 156 positive studies (7.6%). Stool ova and parasite testing was sent on 143 (10%, 242 studies) patients, with two positive results (0.8%). Viral studies were sent on 638 (46%, 1960 studies) patients, with 107 positive studies (5.5%).ConclusionsWhile testing for Clostridium difficile and enteric viruses may have value in the work‐up of pediatric HCT patients, SSYCE and O&P studies hold little to no value. Clinical practices surrounding routine stool microbiological studies should be reconsidered.
Enhanced strength and toughness of epoxy resin through a controllable cross‐linked network with a rigid‐flexible interchain structure
Authors: Jin Runze , Xu Baosheng , Qu Lijie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOxide nanomaterials are widely used to enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy resins (EP) owing to their high strength and toughness. However, the stress concentration caused by agglomeration limits their performance. This paper proposes a new method to simultaneously improve the strength and toughness of EP by introducing CuO nanorods with a surface‐grafted flexible linear polymer into the EP cross‐linking network. This forms a rigid–flexible chain interpenetrating structure in the system, and covalent bonding with the EP network, facilitating the controllable adjustment of the crosslinking density of the system. Thus, the goal of simultaneously enhancing and toughening the EP is achieved. Experimental results show that the strength and toughness of modified BCN‐CuO/EP are 91.2 and 1.77 MPa·m1/2, respectively, which are 76.0% and 92.3% better than those of pure EP, respectively. This study provides new insights for improving the mechanical performance of EP.Highlights
The integration of CuO nanorods with flexible linear polymers (BTCI) led to a 76.0% increase in strength and a 92.3% improvement in toughness of the epoxy resin (EP), showcasing significant performance gains.
The study introduced a novel “rigid–flexible” chain interpenetrating network in EP, achieved through covalent bonding, which optimally adjusts crosslinking density and mitigates stress concentration.
The research highlights the effectiveness of combining CuO nanorods with BTCI in EP systems, opening new pathways for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of composite materials.
The potential role of GLP‐1 receptor agonists in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ryan Mackenzie , Megyeri Saige , Nuffer Wes , Trujillo Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting over 500 million people globally. Current treatments are primarily symptom‐focused, with no approved therapies to halt disease progression. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs), widely used in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, demonstrate significant weight loss and glucose‐lowering effects and have been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory properties. Given the central role of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in OA, this review examines the potential utility of GLP‐1 RAs in OA management, focusing on both indirect effects, such as weight reduction, and possible direct effects on inflammatory pathways and cartilage preservation. Clinical studies suggest that GLP‐1 RAs may benefit people with OA by reducing weight, improving glycemic control, and modulating inflammatory markers relevant to OA progression. Notable findings include significant weight loss and pain reduction in people with knee OA (KOA) treated with semaglutide in the STEP‐9 trial. In other studies, GLP‐1 RAs have shown potential to lower oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐6, with reductions in OA‐related pain and functional impairment observed in some cohorts. However, results vary, with some studies showing limited effects, potentially linked to the degree of weight loss achieved. Although some studies report variability in pain relief, likely influenced by the degree of weight loss achieved, GLP‐1 RAs have shown overall promise in reducing both OA symptoms and markers associated with disease progression. This emerging evidence supports the utility of GLP‐1 RAs as a potential disease‐modifying option for OA, offering a dual benefit in metabolic and joint health. Future research should focus on establishing the long‐term efficacy and safety and elucidating the mechanism by which GLP‐1 RAs influence OA pathology.
Combined effect of biochar, cover crop residues, and manure on greenhouse gas emissions: Insights from 60‐day soil incubations
Authors: Salehin Sk Musfiq Us , Rajan Nithya , Mowrer Jake , Casey Kenneth D. , Somenahally Anil , Bagavathiannan Muthu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCover crops and manure are popular climate‐smart tools providing ecosystem services. However, their potential can be compromised by increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during decomposition. Stable, carbon‐rich biochar can potentially offset such effects. We investigated soil GHG emissions during the decomposition of different cover crops and poultry litter (PL) with/without cotton biochar. Soil samples from an organic cotton field were incubated in a 5 × 2 factorial design in 2022 and 2023. Different cover crops were collected from the field experiment and PL combinations, such as PL with oat (Avena sativa L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum) (AWP), and a mix of oat and AWP; only PL and a control were used as factor 1. Cotton residue biochar pyrolyzed at 350°C was applied to field‐collected soils at a rate of 1% w/w as the second factor. After 60 days of incubation, the lower C:N ratios of AWP and mixed species led to increased soil CO2 and N2O emissions than oats, irrespective of biochar addition for both years. Biochar reduced soil N2O emissions by 49% and 43% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Although cover crops and manure did not affect soil CH4 uptake, biochar reduced soil CH4 uptake by 37.5% in 2023. Regardless of biochar addition, AWP and mixed‐species cover crops with manure had greater soil total nitrogen at the end of incubations. On the other hand, biochar increased both soil total carbon and nitrogen at the end of incubations regardless of the residue treatments. Overall, biochar can enhance the agroecosystem services of cover crops and manure through reduced GHG emissions and increased carbon and nitrogen stocks.
Leveraging Economic Efficiency for CO2 Reduction and Energy Transition: The Role of Climate Vulnerability, GVC Integration, Digitalization and Energy Intensity
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Tong , Li Rongrong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the nonlinear effects of economic efficiency on CO2 reduction and energy transition, with a particular focus on advancing SDGs 7, 9, and 13. Using panel data from 61 countries, the analysis applies a slacks‐based measure of directional distance functions (SBM‐DDF) and threshold regression models to explore the complex relationship between economic efficiency, CO2 emissions, and energy transition. Key findings reveal that while economic efficiency has generally improved over time, significant regional disparities remain. Improvements in economic efficiency lead to substantial reductions in CO2 emissions and promote energy transition, but the relationship is nonlinear, influenced by factors such as climate vulnerability, global value chain (GVC) integration, digitalization, and energy intensity. Heightened climate vulnerability and deeper integration into GVC amplify the emission‐reducing effects of economic efficiency, whereas increased digitalization initially attenuates its decarbonization impact before shifting toward a suppressive effect, while concurrently reversing its influence on energy transition from inhibitive to facilitative. Furthermore, under higher energy intensity, economic efficiency exerts a more pronounced influence on both carbon abatement and the acceleration of energy transition. The study also highlights heterogeneity across income levels, with upper‐middle‐income countries experiencing stronger positive effects. These findings emphasize the need for tailored, context‐sensitive policies that account for regional and sectoral dynamics to optimize economic efficiency for sustainable development.
Synthesis of Polypyrrole‐Graphene Oxide (PPy/GO) from Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Characterization for Determination of Metronidazole Pharmaceutical Substance Using Spectrofluorometric Technique
Authors: Ismail Hani K. , Qader Aryan F. , Omer Rebaz A. , Alesary Hasan F. , Umran Haider M. , Kareem Aseel A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA polypyrrole‐graphene oxide (PPy/GO) nanocomposite was made chemically using a polymerization method in deep eutectic solvents made up of choline chloride and propionic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and efficacy of PPy/GO nanocomposite in the detection of metronidazole in pharmaceutical formulations utilizing spectrofluorometric techniques. Characterization of the synthesized PPy/GO nanocomposite was conducted using several methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The optimal parameters such as pH buffer solution, potential interferences, reaction duration, concentrations of metronidazole, and interference, and test in real sample were examined. Under the established ideal conditions, the curve of calibration exhibited a linear range of 0.3–20 µg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98712. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.09 µg/mL, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.29 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) readings for five replicates of three metronidazole standard solutions (0.3, 10, or 20 µg/mL) were assessed, yielding RSD percentages ranging from 1.29% to 2.34% and error percentages from −3.33% to 1.20%, thereby demonstrating the method's precision and accuracy. This study provides a viable and useful way to detect metronidazole in pharmaceutical samples. Moreover, the data indicate that PPy/GO may constitute a novel category of fluorescence quenching reagent for medicinal applications. This approach is effective for regular analysis and quality control assays because of its relative freedom from interferences.
A Heterojunction Piezoelectric Antimicrobial Asymmetric Hydrogel for Dynamic Wound Healing and Monitoring
Authors: Liu Kuilong , Zhou Ziyi , Wang Haibo , Li Qin , Chen Binling , Wang Xiaoyue , Nie Jun , Ma Guiping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDynamic wound care presents significant challenges for conventional dressings due to the complex environment and high‐frequency motion associated with such injuries. In this study, a multifunctional photo‐crosslinked piezoelectric hydrogel (OAPS) is developed, incorporating heterojunction Se‐doped KH570 modified BaTiO3 nanoparticles (Se‐BT570 NPs) as a core component, and designed to address antimicrobial and monitoring needs in wound care, particularly at sites with high‐frequency movement. The OAPS hydrogel effectively utilizes the inherent high‐frequency motion in dynamic wounds, enhancing antimicrobial efficacy and enabling real‐time monitoring of wound and human health statuses. This is achieved through the synergistic effects of piezoelectric properties and nano‐heterostructures that enable self‐driven charge transfer. Such integration allows for dual applications in both diagnosis and treatment. Experimental results demonstrated that the OAPS hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical strength and adhesive properties, effectively adapting to high‐frequency motion. Additionally, the hydrogel can be activated by dynamic wound environments to perform antimicrobial and wound monitoring functions, significantly accelerating the healing of dynamic wounds, with an efficacy rate of 99.75%. This study highlights the potential of piezoelectric nanomaterials in dynamic wound healing, offering a promising strategy for managing complex, dynamic wound care.
Is a New Economic System Necessary to Address Climate Change?
Authors: Stuart Diana , Gunderson Ryan , Petersen Brian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of leading scientists have stated that societies must transition away from a growing economic system to address climate change. Other scholars have called for general “system change” or specifically transitioning to a postcapitalist economy. Yet is a new economic system necessary to address the climate crisis? Answering this question requires examining the relevant research and empirical evidence about the relationships between economic growth, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions as well as a deeper understanding of what defines the current economic system and how changing that system might allow for more rapid and effective mitigation measures. This overview examines key elements of this discussion including: if a capitalist system is growth‐dependent, the empirical linkages between economic growth and climate change, what alternative economic systems have been proposed, and what a transition to a postcapitalist economic system aimed to address climate change might entail.
A T2 Translational Science Modified Delphi Study: The Ethical Triage and Treatment of Entrapped and Mangled Extremities in Resource‐Scarce Environments
Authors: Weinstein Eric S. , Gilbert Zachary , Gosney James , Weinstein Brielle , Wild Hannah B. , Cuthbertson Joseph , Leming Melissa , Semmons Rachel , O'Mathúna Dónal , Montan Carl , Gosselin Richard , Burkle Frederick “Skip” 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a lack of ethical triage and treatment guidelines for the entrapped and mangled extremity (E&ME) in resource‐scarce environments (RSE): mass casualty incidents, low‐ to middle‐income countries, complex humanitarian emergencies including conflict, and prolonged transport times (RSE). The aim of this study is to use a modified Delphi (mD) approach to produce statements to develop treatment guidelines of the E&ME in RSE.MethodExperts rated their agreement with each statement on a 7‐point linear numeric scale. Consensus amongst experts was defined as a standard deviation ≤ 1. Statements attaining consensus after the first round moved to the final report. Those not attaining consensus moved to the second round in which experts were shown the mean response of the expert panel and their own response for the opportunity to reconsider their rating for that round. Statements attaining consensus after the second round moved to the final report. This process was repeated in the third round. Statements attaining consensus were moved to the final report. The remaining statements did not attain consensus.ResultsSeventy‐seven experts participated in the first, 75 in the second, and 74 in the third round. Twenty‐three statements attained consensus. Twenty‐one statements did not attain consensus.ConclusionA modified Delphi technique was used to establish consensus regarding the numerous complex factors influencing treatment of the E&ME in RSEs. Twenty‐three statements attained consensus and can be incorporated into guidelines to advance the ethical treatment of the E&ME in RSEs.
Retrospective analysis of earthquake related crush injurie patients in ICU: 6-February earthquake in Türkiye
Authors: Temel Sahin , Yuksel Recep Civan , Kaynar Ahmet Safa , Caliskan Mustafa , Demir Berna , Alkan Mustafa , Ulger Birkan , Deveci Kamil , Sipahioglu Hilal , Metin Hatice , Kayaalti Selda , Kaya Elif , Unal Canan Baran , Esmaoglu Aliye , Sungur Murat , Goksuluk Dincer , Gundogan Kursat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
On February 6, 2023 a devastating earthquake hit the south-eastern region of Türkiye and thousands of people were either injured or died. The aim was to determine the characteristics, treatment and clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with crush injuries in ICU.

Subjects/methods
This study was performed with a retrospective design in ICU. Patients were included as follows; effected 6 February earthquake, need ICU treatment and being crush syndrome.

Results
A total of 62 patients were included. The mean age was 41 ± 19 years and 47% were male. The median APACHE II score was 14. The most common ICU admission was multitrauma and crush injury. A total of %77 patients were needed surgical procedure (most of them extremities surgery (36%)and fasciotomy 36% due to compartment syndrome) and %24 patients had extremity amputation. AKI was developed in %65 of patients. A total of 26 (%40) patients were received RRT. The mNUTRIC score (p = 0.022), the BUN (p = 0.043) and the blood lactate level (p = 0.012) were identified as independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. An independent risk factor for limb amputation was identified in patients with high APACHE II and SOFA scores (p = 0.026, p = 0.034, respectively). The 28-day mortality was 13%.

Conclusions
As a result of the study, most of the patients need surgical operations and a quarter of patients required extremity amputation. AKI developed at a high rate and 40% of those patients needed RRT. The mNUTRIC score was found to be the most powerful predictor of mortality at 28 days.