bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Product Faradaic Efficiency for Electrocatalytic of CO2 to CO at Current Density Larger than 1.2 A cm−2 in Neutral Aqueous Solution by a Single‐Atom Nanozyme
Authors: Huang Jia‐Run , Qiu Xiao‐Feng , Zhao Zhen‐Hua , Zhu Hao‐Lin , Liu Yan‐Chen , Shi Wen , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 to CO is a promising approach for the cycling use of CO2, while it still suffers from impractical current density and durability. Here we report a single‐atom nanozyme (Ni−N5−C) that achieves industrial‐scale performance for CO2‐to‐CO conversion with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeded 97 % over −0.8–−2.4 V vs. RHE. The current density at −2.4 V vs. RHE reached a maximum of 1.23 A cm−2 (turnover frequency of 69.7 s−1) with an FE of 99.6 %. No obvious degradation was observed over 100 hours of continuous operation. Compared with the planar Ni−N4 site, the square‐pyramidal Ni−N5 site has an increase and a decrease in the
and dxz/yz orbital energy levels, respectively, as revealed by density functional theory calculations. Thus, the Ni−N5 catalytic site is more superior to activate CO2 molecule and reduce the energy barriers as well as promote the CO desorption, thus boosting the kinetic activation process and catalytic activity.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic CO2Reduction
Authors: Yu Baoqiu , Meng Ting , Ding Xu , Liu Xiaolin , Wang Hailong , Chen Baotong , Zheng Tianyu , Li Wen , Zeng Qingdao , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPost‐modification of robust guanine‐quadruplex‐linked 2,2′‐pyridine‐containing HOF‐25 with Ni(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6 H2O followed by exfoliation using sonication method affords hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) nanosheets (NSs) of HOF‐25‐Ni in the yield of 56 %. TEM and AFM technologies disclose the ultrathin nature of HOF‐25‐Ni NSs with thickness of 4.4 nm. STM observation determines the presence ofsqlsegments assembled from HOF‐25‐Ni building blocks at the heptanoic acid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface, supporting the simulated 2D supramolecular framework. ICP‐MS, XAS, and XPS data prove the successful immobilization of atomic nickel sites on the 20 % total 2,2′‐pyridine moieties in crystalline HOF‐25‐Ni. With the aid of [Ru(bpy)3]2+and triisopropanolamine, 10 wt% HOF‐25‐Ni NSs dispersed on graphene oxide efficiently promotes visible‐light‐driven CO2reduction, showing a 96.3 % CO selectivity with a prominent conversion rate up to 24 323 μmol g−1 h−1.
Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions
Authors: Yamada Michio , Kurihara Yukiyo , Koizumi Masaaki , Tsuji Kasumi , Maeda Yutaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFace‐to‐face noncovalent arene−fullerene interactions are important in several research fields such as synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry, and medicinal chemistry; however, their nature and strength are still poorly understood. In this study, we prepare a fullerene‐based torsion balance containing thioanisole, phenol, naphthalene, azulene, and pyrene moieties as a unimolecular model system. Moreover, we compare the folding free energies between the folded and the unfolded conformers of a series of the molecular torsion balances to quantify noncovalent interactions between arenes and the fullerene surface. This work demonstrates that the contributions of polarizabilities, anionic charges, electronic dipole moments, and the number of arene rings to the interactions can be experimentally measured by analyzing the folding equilibrium of the molecular torsion balances.
Application of Hydrogels as Carrier in Tumor Therapy: A Review
Authors: Zhang Ziwen , Wang Jinxia , Xia Wei , Cao Dongmiao , Wang Xingyan , Kuang Yunqi , Luo Yu , Yuan Chunping , Lu Jie , Liu Xijian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCancer is one of the most intractable diseases in the world because of its high recurrence rate, high metastasis rate and high lethality rate. Traditional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have unsatisfactory therapeutic effects and cause many severe side effects at the same time. Hydrogel is a new type of biomaterial with the advantages of good biocompatibility and easy degradation, which can be used as a carrier of functional nanomaterials for tumor therapy. Herein, we represent the progress of hydrogels with different skeletons and their application as carrier in tumor treatment. The hydrogels are listed as polyethylene glycol‐based hydrogels, chitosan‐based hydrogels, peptide‐based hydrogels, hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels, steroid‐based hydrogels and other hydrogels by skeletons, and their properties, modifications and toxicities were introduced. Some representative applications of combined hydrogels with nanomaterial for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy and synergistic therapy are highlighted.
Electronic property of alkoxo‐bridged tetranuclear Fe(II) cluster and CO2 hydrogenation reactivity
Authors: Yang Hyoyi , Kim Jihyun , Lee Wonjung , Lee Junseong , Seo Junhyeok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere we report on the synthesis of tetranuclear Fe(II) cluster [Fe4I2(O2C14H11)6] (1) derived from a benzoin‐based scaffold. The Fe centers displayed a rhombus‐like core structure, including two types of coordination environments: trigonal bipyramid and trigonal prism. The binding energy of the trigonal prismatic Fe(II) 2p electron appeared ~1.43 eV higher than that of the trigonal bipyramidal Fe(II) 2p electron because of more Fe–O bonds. The trigonal bipyramidal Fe site exhibited stoichiometric CO2 hydrogenation reactivity with the assistance of an external Lewis basic agent.
Ultimate producer responsibility for e‐waste management–A proposal for just transition in the circular economy based on the case of used European electronic equipment exported to Nigeria
Authors: Thapa Kaustubh , Vermeulen Walter J. V. , Deutz Pauline , Olayide Olawale 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsed European electric and electronic equipment (UEEE) has multiple use cycles in various countries, including Nigeria. Although the EU‐Nigeria e‐waste trade is illegal under EU and Nigerian law, previous research shows that some imported equipment is only fit for disposal. Imported UEEE has a short lifespan. Such European e‐waste exports imported to Nigeria have sustainability and circularity implications for both places and raise questions about justice and equity. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we identify existing practices and challenges in Nigeria and co‐create actionable solutions towards a sustainable, circular and fairness‐driven UEEE and e‐waste value chain. We find current extended producer responsibility (EPR) does not focus on the entire global value chain, is linear, and lacks transparency, accountability, and consideration for spatial equity. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose ultimate producer responsibility (UPR). UPR aids sustainability and circularity transition while paying attention to justice and equity. The research adds global and social dimensions to the European circular economy (CE), otherwise primarily focused on national material cycles.
Urachal carcinoma: A novel staging system utilizing the National Cancer Database
Authors: Limonnik Vladimir , Samiei Arash , Abel Stephen , Wegner Rodney E. , Vemana Goutham , Mao Shifeng S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUrachal carcinoma (UrC) is a rare, aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis that is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages. Due to its rarity, the current staging systems, namely Sheldon, Mayo, and Ontario were established based on relatively small patient cohorts, necessitating further validation. We used a large patient population from the National Cancer Database to model a novel staging system based on the Tumor (T), Node(N), and Metastasis (M) (TNM) staging system and compared it to established staging systems.MethodsWe identified patients diagnosed with UrC between the years of 2004–2016. To determine median overall survival (OS), a Kaplan–Meier (KM) curve was generated using the Sheldon, Mayo, Ontario, and TNM staging system. A cox proportional‐hazards regression model was developed to highlight predictors of overall survival.ResultsA total of 626 patients were included in the analysis. The OS for the entire cohort was 58.2 months (50.1–67.8) with survival rates at 12, 24, and 60 months of 83%, 70%, and 49%, respectively (p < 0.0001). As compared to the Sheldon, Mayo, and Ontario staging system, our TNM staging system had a more balanced sample and survival distribution per stage and no overlap among stages on KM survival curves. The Mayo, Ontario, and TNM staging systems were more accurate in terms of stage‐survival correlation than the Sheldon staging system (p < 0.05 for all stages).ConclusionsThe proposed novel TNM staging system for UrC has a more balanced sample distribution and a more accurate stage‐survival correlation than the traditional Mayo, Sheldon, and Ontario staging systems. It is clinically applicable and enables better risk stratification, prognosis, and therapeutic decision‐making.
Sex disparities in the association between acute myocardial infarction and colon cancer risk
Authors: Chou Shing‐Hsien , Lin Chia‐Pin , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Lee Ting‐Hein , Yang Chan‐Keng , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Chu Pao‐Hsien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) and colon cancer share similar risk factors. Studies have suggested an association between AMI and colon cancer; however, evidence is conflicting. Whether sex disparities exist in this association in the real world remains unknown.MethodsIn this population‐based retrospective cohort study, 94,780 and 97,987 male patients and 38,697 and 72,007 female patients with and without new‐onset AMI, respectively, from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2012, were enrolled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance covariates across study groups. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of colon cancer.ResultsThe incidence rate of colon cancer was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46–1.62) and 1.40 (95% CI = 1.32–1.48) per 1000 person‐years in the male patients and 1.62 (95% CI = 1.50–1.74) and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.13–1.32) in the female patients, in the AMI and non‐AMI groups, respectively. AMI was associated with a significantly higher risk of colon cancer in the female patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06–1.61) but not in the male patients (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.95–1.26). In the subgroup analysis, the association between AMI and colon cancer in the female patients was stronger in those aged ≥65 years (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.13–1.44).ConclusionsAn increased risk of colon cancer was observed only in the female patients with AMI. The association between AMI and colon cancer in the female patients was the most evident in those aged ≥65 years.
Ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency: A case report and updated review
Authors: Thapa Sangharsha , Shah Sangam , Chand Swati , Sah Sanjit Kumar , Gyawali Pawan , Paudel Sandip , Khanal Pitambar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtaxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare cause of hereditary ataxia in developing countries with unknown prevalence. AVED is an autosomal‐recessive disorder, which is characterized by ataxia, areflexia, and proprioceptive and vibratory sensory loss. The disease is characterized clinically by symptoms with often resembling to those of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Vitamin E supplementation improves symptoms and prevents the progression of the disease. In this case report, we reviewed the recently updated findings in AVED in regard to the management and present a case of AVED in a 16‐year‐old boy, who was initially misdiagnosed as FRDA, prior to the genetic test.
CO2 Conversion by Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Using Na‐Modified Fe Catalysts
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Kureti Sven 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree Fe catalysts with different Na contents were prepared, characterized, and investigated for the CO2‐based Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The FTS results clearly indicated that the selectivity towards long‐chain hydrocarbons was driven by the surface Na content, which promotes the CO dissociation and chain propagation. Additionally, it was shown that Fe3O4, Fe5C2 and Fe7C3 coexist during FTS, revealing specific catalytic activity. As a result, a tandem mechanism was suggested for the CO2 conversion, consisting in a reverse water‐gas shift on Fe3O4 followed by CO hydrogenation on the Fe carbides.
Iron‐Catalysed C(sp2)‐H Borylation with Expanded Functional Group Tolerance†
Authors: Britton Luke , Docherty Jamie H. , Nichol Gary S. , Dominey Andrew P. , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryArene C(sp2)‐H bond borylation offers direct and efficient access to aryl boronic esters. Using in situ catalyst activation and photoirradiation, the iron‐catalysed C(sp2)‐H borylation reaction of carboarenes, pyrroles, and indoles has been developed using only bench‐stable pre‐catalysts and reagents. Good functional group tolerance was observed including those not reported using previous methods (ArNH2, ArOH, ArSiR3, ArP(O)(OR)2, ArC(O)NR2). Mechanistic studies revealed iron‐catalysed reductive deoxygenation, C—F protodefluorination, and a demethylation of aryl methyl ethers by C—O sigma bond hydroboration.
Highly Efficient Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of [18F]Safinamide, a Radiolabelled Anti‐Parkinsonian Drug for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Cen Peili , Ma Lijuan , Tian Mei , Zhang Xue , Zhang Qinghua , Yu Kaiwu , Zhang Hong , Gu Wangjun , He Qinggang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs an add‐on drug approved for Parkinson's disease treatment, safinamide has multiple functions, such as selective and reversible monoamine oxidase‐B inhibition, voltage‐sensitive sodium/potassium channel blockage, and glutamate release inhibition. Meanwhile, safinamide shows tremendous therapeutic potential in the context of other central nervous system diseases (e. g. ischaemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, etc.). In this work, [18F]safinamide, which is safinamide labelled by the positron‐emitting radionuclide [18F]fluorine, was synthesized automatically based on iodonium ylide precursors with high radiochemical yield and high molar activity. Density functional theory was applied to calculate the Gibbs free energy change during iodonium ylide‐mediated fluorination and to interpret the effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA+) as the counter cation in these reactions to improve the nucleophilicity of [18F/19F]fluoride. In addition, positron emission tomography studies on Sprague Dawley rats were carried out to determine the imaging characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the [18F]safinamide radiotracer. The results displayed the complete biodistribution of the radiotracer, especially in rat brains, and revealed that [18F]safinamide has moderate brain uptake, rapid and reversible binding kinetics, and good stability.
Diversity in spatial frequency, temporal frequency, and speed tuning across mouse visual cortical areas and layers
Authors: Wang Helen , Dey Oyshi , Lagos Willian N. , Callaway Edward M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mouse visual system consists of several visual cortical areas thought to be specialized for different visual features and/or tasks. Previous studies have revealed differences between primary visual cortex (V1) and other higher visual areas, namely, anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM), and their tuning preferences for spatial and temporal frequency. However, these differences have primarily been characterized using methods that are biased toward superficial layers of cortex, such as two‐photon calcium imaging. Fewer studies have investigated cell types in deeper layers of these areas and their tuning preferences. Because superficial versus deep‐layer neurons and different types of deep‐layer neurons are known to have different feedforward and feedback inputs and outputs, comparing the tuning preferences of these groups is important for understanding cortical visual information processing. In this study, we used extracellular electrophysiology and two‐photon calcium imaging targeted toward two different layer 5 cell classes to characterize their tuning properties in V1, AL, and PM. We find that deep‐layer neurons, similar to superficial layer neurons, are also specialized for different spatial and temporal frequencies, with the strongest differences between AL and V1, and AL and PM, but not V1 and PM. However, we note that the deep‐layer neuron populations preferred a larger range of SFs and TFs compared to previous studies. We also find that extratelencephalically projecting layer 5 neurons are more direction selective than intratelencephalically projecting layer 5 neurons.
Are superstar directors effective in corporate social responsibility performance? An empirical analysis of sustainable development goals
Authors: Cheng Silu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I adopt a hand‐collected sample of prestigious business award‐winner directors based on four types of awards and use it to represent reputable directors. I examine how awardee directors influence corporate social responsibility performance (CSR) using multiple samples. The results show that with award‐winner directors sitting on their boards, firms tend to have higher CSR scores. The findings are consistent in the propensity score matched sample and additional robustness tests. The findings suggest that reputable directors are effective in performing monitoring and advising duties, which in turn leads to better CSR performance.
CSR and organizational performance: The role of pro‐environmental behavior and personal values
Authors: Guan Xin , Ahmad Naveed , Sial Muhammad Safdar , Cherian Jacob , Han Heesup 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobally, the hospitality sector is known for an out‐sized carbon footprint. At the same time, the stiff competitive environment in this sector demands every hotel for an enhanced economic performance (ECP). Previously, corporate social responsibility (CSR) was mainly related to an enterprise's environmental performance (ENP) and ECP. However, the role of personal values like altruistic values (AV) and employees' pro‐environmental behavior (PEB) remained under‐studied in the past literature. This study examines the impact of CSR in spurring ENP and the ECP of hotel enterprises through AV and PEB. In this vein, 410 surveys were collected from hotel employees, and the hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling. Among different implications, the most important was to realize the greater potential of CSR, which improves ENP and ECP by promoting the PEB and AV of the employees.
Impact of red blood cell lysing on rare event analysis
Authors: Rico Laura G. , de la Calle Fernando Raimúndez , Salvia Roser , Ward Mike D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Juncà Jordi , Sorigue Marc , Petriz Jordi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe challenges associated with analyzing rare cells are dependent on a series of factors, which usually require large numbers of cells per sample for successful resolution. Among these is determining the minimum number of total events needed to be acquired as defined by the expected frequency of the target cell population. The choice of markers that identify the target population, as well as the event rate and the number of aborted events/second, will also determine the statistically significant detection of rare cell events. Sample preparation is another important but often overlooked factor in rare cell analysis, and in this study we examine Poisson theory and methods to determine the effect of sample manipulation on rare cell detection. After verifying the applicability of this theory, we have evaluated the potential impact of red cell lysis on rare cell analysis, and how cell rarity can be underestimated or overestimated based on erythrolytic sensitivity or resistance of healthy leukocytes and pathological rare cells.
External quality assessment of flow cytometric bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis: 20 years' experience in The Netherlands
Authors: Mulder A. H. Leontine , Eidhof Harrie H. M. , Gratama Jan W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBronchoalveolar (BAL) cellular analysis can be supportive in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. The flow cytometric analysis of BAL fluid cells is complicated by cell fragility and adherence and autofluorescence of macrophages, making conventional analysis of BAL fluid cells as done in external quality schemes (EQA) for blood lymphocyte subsets, not representative. Following a procedure for stabilized BAL cells, a separate EQA was set up. The results of 20 years' experience are presented.MethodsFrom each round between 2000 and 2020 the following flow cytometric parameters were recorded from each participant: total lymphocyte population (TLY), CD3+ lymphocytes, CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes, CD3+ CD8+ lymphocytes, CD3− CD16+/56+ lymphocytes, CD19+ lymphocytes and CD103 + CD3+ lymphocytes. In addition, the eosinophils and neutrophils were recorded. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter per round were calculated. The 40 rounds were divided in four respective groups of 10 in order to compare the results as function of time. In addition the interpretation of the results of participants was scored.ResultsThe median SD in the four groups was below 10% for all parameters except for TLY and the CD103+ CD3+ lymphocytes. No improvement in time was observed for any (sub)population except for the CD3+ CD4+ subset. Interpretation of the results varied based on disease, with greatest consensus for sarcoidosis cases and lowest for nonspecific interstitial lung disease cases.ConclusionsA dedicated EQA for BAL fluid cellular analysis appears to be justified as the test material is substantially different from that of peripheral blood. We show that adequate analytical and post‐analytical quality control can be achieved.
Role of weather and other factors in the dynamics of a low‐density insect population
Authors: Solbreck Christer , Knape Jonas , Förare Jonas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInsect population dynamics are the result of an interplay between intrinsic factors such as density dependence, trophic web interactions, and external forces such as weather conditions. We investigate potential mechanisms of population dynamics in a natural, low‐density insect population. Eggs and larvae of the noctuid moth, Abrostola asclepiadis, develop on its host plant during summer. The population density, and mortality, was closely monitored throughout this period during 15 years. Densities fluctuated between one and two orders of magnitude. Egg–larval developmental time varied substantially among years, with lower survival in cool summers with slower development. This was presumably due to the prolonged exposure to a large guild of polyphagous arthropod enemies. We also found a density‐dependent component during this period that could be a result of intraspecific competition for food among the last larval instars. Dynamics during the long period from pupation in late summer through winter survival in the ground to adult emergence and oviposition the next year displayed few clear patterns and more unexplained variability, thus giving a more random appearance. The population hence shows more unexplained or unpredictable variation during the long wintering period, but seems more predictable over the summer egg–larval period. Our study illustrates how weather—via a window of exposure to enemies and in combination with density‐dependent processes—can determine the course of population change through the insect life cycle.