bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of school environment on depression among Black and White adolescents
Authors: Choi Mi Jin , Hong Jun Sung , Travis Raphael , Kim Jangmin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile the school environment is critical for adolescents' psychological development, how the school environment influences depression among different racial groups has not been fully explored. This study aims to identify the effects of the school environment (school connectedness, school climates, trouble with peers and teachers) on depressive symptoms among Black and White adolescents. It also compares how the effects of school environments differ between Black and White adolescents. This study analyzed wave 6 of the Fragile Families and Child Well‐being Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in 20 major cities across the United States. Almost three‐fourth (73.39%) of the adolescents were Black, and 26.61% were White. About half (50.46%) of the adolescents were females, and the mean age of adolescents was 15.39. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher school connectedness and less frequent troubles with teachers were associated with lower depression among Black adolescents. In contrast, only school connectedness was associated with depression among White adolescents. Higher school connectedness was associated with lower depressive symptoms for both Black and White adolescents. However, the magnitude of the effects of school connectedness was found to be statistically weaker among Black adolescents. These findings suggest a need for creating a racially equitable school environment that makes every student feel more connected to their schools, especially Black students.
Impact of pH, temperature, and hydraulic residence time on the acidogenic fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste and microbial community analysis
Authors: Liu Huiliang , Wang Fei , Wang Zhi , Wu Di , Xing Tao , Kong Xiaoying , Sun Yongming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe carboxylic acids produced through acidogenic fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste present wide application and high added value. By performing batch experiments, the influence of pH and temperature on the acidogenic fermentation performance was investigated, and the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on performance and microbial community in semi‐continuous fermentation were also studied.RESULTSA maximum product yield of 0.66 ± 0.01 g g−1 VSfed (volatile solids of feed substrate) was found at mesophilic temperature and pH 9.0; acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid comprised 59%, 20%, and 21% of the product, respectively. During semi‐continuous fermentation, a maximum product yield of 0.69 ± 0.03 g g−1 VSfed was found at pH 9.0 and an HRT of 5 days. Lactic acid and acetic acid were regarded as the main products, with respective percentages of 85% and 12%. Reducing the HRT to 3 days increased the daily production from 11.33 ± 0.46 to 15.89 ± 0.67 g d−1. Microbial community analysis revealed that Lactobacillus was predominant in the semi‐continuous alkaline fermentation system.CONCLUSIONAlkaline fermentation was more favorable for obtaining higher product yield both in batch and semi‐continuous fermentation. Within semi‐continuous alkaline fermentation, the maximum yield was observed at an HRT of 5 days, but a higher daily production was found at an HRT of 3 days. Additionally, reducing the HRT did not change the dominant bacteria but could change the composition of the products. This work provides a theoretical basis and guidance for enhancing product yield and optimizing formation of product. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Clinical characteristics of children with severe neurologic impairment: A scoping review
Authors: Nelson Katherine E. , Finlay Melissa , Huang Emma , Chakravarti Vishakha , Feinstein James A. , Diskin Catherine , Thomson Joanna , Mahant Sanjay , Widger Kimberley , Feudtner Chris , Cohen Eyal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to extrapolate the clinical features of children with severe neurologic impairment (SNI) based on the functional characteristics and comorbidities described in published studies.MethodsFour databases were searched. We included studies that describe clinical features of a group of children with SNI (≥20 subjects <19 years of age with >1 neurologic diagnosis and severe functional limitation) using data from caregivers, medical charts, or prospective collection. Studies that were not written in English were excluded. We extracted data about functional characteristics, comorbidities, and study topics.ResultsWe included 102 studies, spanning 5 continents over 43 years, using 41 distinct terms for SNI. The terms SNI and neurologic impairment (NI) were used in 59 studies (58%). Most studies (n = 81, 79%) described ≥3 types of functional characteristics, such as technology assistance and motor impairment. Studies noted 59 comorbidities and surgeries across 10 categories. The most common comorbidities were related to feeding, nutrition, and the gastrointestinal system, which were described in 79 studies (77%). Most comorbidities (76%) were noted in <10 studies. Studies investigated seven clinical topics, with “Gastrointestinal reflux and feeding tubes” as the most common research focus (n = 57, 56%). The next most common topic, “Aspiration and respiratory issues,” included 13 studies (13%). Most studies (n = 54, 53%) were retrospective cohorts or case series; there were no clinical trials.ConclusionsDespite the breadth of described comorbidities, studies focused on a narrow set of clinical topics. Further research is required to understand the prevalence, clinical impact, and interaction of the multiple comorbidities that are common in children with SNI.
Gimap5 promoted RSV degradation through interaction with M6PR
Authors: Dai Pei , Ruan Pinglang , Mao Yu , Tang Zhongxiang , Qiu Xiangjie , Bajinka Ousman , Tan Yurong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens of viral pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and life‐threatening diseases among infants and young children. GTPases of the immune‐associated protein family (GIMAP) are new family members of immune‐associated GTPases. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the function of the GIMAP family in coping with infection and stress. Gimap5 is a member of the GIMAP family, which may be correlated with anti‐infectious immunity. RT‐qPCR, Western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) were used to detect the expression of Gimap5, M6PR and IGF1R(the major RSV receptor). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect the degradation of RSV in Gimap5‐overexpressed or ‐silent cell lines. Computer virtual screening was used to screen small molecule compounds targeting Gimap5 and the anti‐RSV effects were explored through in vivo and in vitro experiments. GIMAP5 and M6PR were significantly downregulated after RSV infection. Gimap5 accelerated RSV degradation in lysosomes by interacting with M6PR, and further prevented RSV invasion by downregulating the expression of RSV surface receptor IGF1R. Three small molecule compounds targeting Gimap5 were confirmed to be the agonists of Gimap5. The three compounds effectively inhibited RSV infection and RSV‐induced complications. Gimap5 promotes the degradation of RSV and its receptor through interacting with M6PR. Gimap5 agonists can effectively reduce RSV infection and RSV‐induced complication in vivo and in vitro, which provides a new choice for the treatment of RSV.
Avian influenza A virus H7N9 in China, a role reversal from reassortment receptor to the donator
Authors: He Jun , Hou Sai , Xiong Chenglong , Hu Linjie , Gong Lei , Yu Junling , Zhou Xiaoyu , Chen Qingqing , Yuan Yuan , He Lan , Zhu Meng , Li Weiwei , Shi Yonglin , Sun Yong , Pan Haifeng , Su Bin , Lu Yihan , Wu Jiabing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReassortment can introduce one or more gene segments of influenza A viruses (IAVs) into another, resulting in novel subtypes. Since 2013, a new outbreak of human highly pathogenic avian influenza has emerged in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and South‐Central regions of China. In this study, using Anhui province as an example, we discuss the possible impact of H7N9 IAVs on future influenza epidemics through a series of gene reassortment events. Sixty‐one human H7N9 isolates were obtained from five outbreaks in Anhui province from 2013 to 2019. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that all of them were characterized by low pathogenicity and high human or mammalian tropism and had introduced novel avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtypes such as H7N2, H7N6, H9N9, H5N6, H6N6, and H10N6 through gene reassortment. In reassortment events, Anhui isolates may donate one or more segments of HA, NA, and the six internal protein‐coding genes for the novel subtype AIVs. Our study revealed that H7N9, H9N2, and H5N1 can serve as stable and persistent gene pools for AIVs in the YRD and South‐Central regions of China. Novel AIV subtypes might be generated continuously by reassortment. These AIVs may have obtained human‐type receptor‐binding abilities from their donors and prefer binding to them, which can cause human epidemics through accidental spillover infections. Facing the continual threat of emerging avian influenza, constant monitoring of AIVs should be conducted closely for agricultural and public health.
Anterior cruciate ligament‐deficient knee induces a posterior location of the femur in the medial compartment during squatting
Authors: Kage Tomofumi , Taketomi Shuji , Tomita Tetsuya , Yamazaki Takaharu , Inui Hiroshi , Yamagami Ryota , Kono Kenichi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Sameshima Shin , Arakawa Takahiro , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency induces knee osteoarthritis, particularly in the medial compartment, the kinematics remains partially unclear. This study investigated the in vivo knee kinematics of ACL‐deficient and normal knees by comparing them during squatting. This prospective comparative study included 17 ACL‐deficient knees and 20 normal knees. The kinematics was investigated under fluoroscopy using a two‐ to three‐dimensional registration technique. The anteroposterior (AP) translation of the medial and lateral sides of the femur, axial rotation of the femur relative to the tibia, and kinematic pathways were evaluated and compared. At first, the medial AP position of the femur translated anteriorly from 0° to midflexion, afterward it translated posteriorly in both ACL‐deficient and normal knees. However, the medial AP position of the femur in the ACL‐deficient knees was located significantly posteriorly compared with normal knees at 0–110° flexion. The lateral AP position of the femur translated posteriorly from 0° to 150° flexion in both ACL‐deficient and normal knees. The lateral AP position of the femur in the ACL‐deficient knees was located significantly posteriorly compared with that in normal knees at 0–10° flexion. The femur showed external rotation from 0° to 150° flexion in both ACL‐deficient and normal knees. A medial pivot motion and subsequent bicondylar rollback were observed in both knees in the kinematic pathway. In conclusion, the AP position of the femur relative to the tibia was altered due to ACL deficiency, particularly in the medial compartment.
Identification of diverse agronomic traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm lines to use in crop improvement
Authors: Nabati Jafar , Mirmiran Seyedeh Mahbubeh , Yousefi Afsaneh , Zare Mehrjerdi Mohammad , Ahmadi‐lahijani Mohamad Javad , Nezami Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collection consisting of 445 Kabuli‐type collected from different locations of Iran was evaluated based on six qualitative and 14 quantitative morphological descriptors. Chickpea accessions were widely varied in plant height, the number of pods per plant, plant dry weight, 100‐grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Grain yield was positively correlated with the number of pods per plant (r = 0.39**), pod fertility percentage (r = 0.42**), dry weight per plant (r = 0.88**), and harvest index (r = 0.30**). The highest value for the Shannon–Weaver diversity index was observed in growth habit (0.98) and leaf color (0.88). The first and second components of the principal component analysis (PCA) explained 17.97% and 16.20% of the total variations, respectively. The cluster analysis results revealed that the accessions with higher pod, leaflet, and peduncle length were grouped in cluster I, whereas cluster II indicated the dominant contribution for the number of pods per plant, plant dry weight, and grain yield. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for grain yield per plant (44.3% and 48.3%), the number of pods per plant (44.3% and 45.1%), and dry weight per plant (44.4% and 44.8%). The heritability estimates were also more significant for the number of pods per plant, plant dry weight, and harvest index. These accessions might be used in the chickpea breeding programs to expand high‐yielding Kabuli‐type cultivars with a broad genetic base.
Electrochemical lipolysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model
Authors: Bae Jun Sang , Abueva Celine D. G. , Park Geun Hwan , Kim Sehwan , Mo Ji‐Hun , Ryu Hyun Seok , Chung Phil‐Sang , Woo Seung Hoon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is a considerable demand for noninvasive low‐cost fat reduction methods with fewer side effects and shorter recovery times. This study aims to develop a fat‐reduction method through electrochemical lipolysis of subcutaneous adipocytes using needle‐based electrodes, body tissue fluids, and electrical current application.MethodsElectrochemical lipolysis was performed by inserting a 4‐pin needle electrode connected to a DC power supply into the pig's abdomen. Applied electrical current (0.5 and 1 mA) and treatment time (5 or 10 minutes) were varied systematically. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and after treatment to determine changes in fat thickness. Tissue samples were collected at 0, 2, and 4 weeks posttreatment for histological evaluation to determine the mechanism of action and the procedure's efficacy.ResultsElectrochemical subcutaneous adipose tissue lipolysis in a porcine model was achieved through hydrolysis of physiologic fluid within the vicinity of the inserted electrode where an electric current is applied, leading to localized disruption of fat cell membranes and necrosis. Electric current configuration 1.0 mA showed more pronounced lipolysis effects applied for 10 minutes, significantly decreasing adipocyte content per treatment area. The electrochemical treatment method also stimulates collagen synthesis, which helps reduce fat.ConclusionsElectrochemical lipolysis is a potential new noninvasive localized technique to reduce fat. The treatment method induces fat cell necrosis via in situ reduction‐oxidation reaction by the electrochemical activation of physiologic fluid in the surrounding tissue. Electrochemical lipolysis is a simple, low‐cost, fat‐reducing treatment method without harmful side effects.
A class of improved conjugate gradient methods for nonconvex unconstrained optimization
Authors: Hu Qingjie , Zhang Hongrun , Zhou Zhijuan , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, based on a new class of conjugate gradient methods which are proposed by Rivaie, Dai and Omer et al. we propose a class of improved conjugate gradient methods for nonconvex unconstrained optimization. Different from the above methods, our methods possess the following properties: (i) the search direction always satisfies the sufficient descent condition independent of any line search; (ii) these approaches are globally convergent with the standard Wolfe line search or standard Armijo line search without any convexity assumption. Moreover, our numerical results also demonstrated the efficiencies of the proposed methods.
Long‐term prognostic value of cardiac catheterization and acute vasodilator testing with inhaled iloprost in pediatric idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhang Chen , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Li Qiangqiang , Gu Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo assess the long‐term prognostic value of cardiac catheterization and acute vasodilator testing (AVT) with inhaled iloprost in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Data on 81 consecutive children with IPAH referred to our center who underwent cardiac catheterization and AVT between June 2008 and August 2019 were collected. The correlation between the invasive hemodynamic data and transplant‐free survival was analyzed. Twenty‐four patients died and 1 underwent lung transplantation during a median follow‐up of 3.8 years, with a 5‐year transplant‐free survival rate of 64.9%. Univariate analysis showed that predictors associated with improved survival included a lower pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), PVRI/systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/mean systemic arterial pressure, mean right atrial pressure, and a higher cardiac index (CI), mixed systemic venous oxygen saturations (SvO2), and acute vasodilator response (AVR) according to the Barst criteria (decrease in mPAP and PVRI/SVRI ratio of >20% without a decrease in CI). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, Barst AVR and SvO2 were independently related to transplant‐free survival. Multiple hemodynamic variables from cardiac catheterization and AVT with inhaled iloprost have important prognostic value for long‐term survival in children with IPAH, of which pulmonary vasoreactivity defined by the Barst criteria and SvO2 are independent prognostic factors.
Synthesis and In Silico Investigation of Isatin‐Based Schiff Bases as Potential Inhibitors for Promising Targets against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Esam Zohreh , Akhavan Malihe , Lotfi Maryam , Bekhradnia Ahmadreza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the significant development in vaccines and therapeutics cocktails, there is no specific treatment available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS‐CoV‐2, which possesses a key role in producing the essential viral structural and functional proteins, can be considered an efficient way to control this potentially lethal infection. Recently, some of Michael acceptor‐pharmacophore containing inhibitors have been suggested as successful suppressors of the main protease. Here, we synthesized the Isatin‐based Schiff bases possessing the structural pattern of a Michael acceptor‐like portion employing synthesis procedures. In silico investigation of these compounds was not limited to the main protease. We have also evaluated their possible inhibitory activity against the other identified druggable targets using homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our investigations revealed that the dimethyl biguanide carrying Schiff bases of Isatin‐derivatives have the best binding mode and interaction energy. The dimethyl biguanide moiety‐containing compounds have formed promising interactions with the key amino acid residues Cys145 and HIS41 of Mpro with a binding free energy of −7.6 kcal/mol which was lower than the positive control compound Carmofur (−6.3 kcal/mol). It also leads to the higher affinity and the much inhibitory potential against the SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp and Spike glycoproteins, human TMPRSS2, and ACE2 receptors.
Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for the Improvement of Dispersion Stability in Diesel Fuel‐type for Potential Application as Nano Additives
Authors: Acevedo Julián , Escobar Gustavo , López Diana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotubes functionalized with long‐chain compounds were obtained. Using different characterization techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, surface area analysis and electron microscopy (EM), it was possible to characterize the carbon nanotubes, verifying the presence of the added aliphatic chains, as well as the formation of the amide bonds, the morphological and structural changes of the material. Those functionalized with oleylamine showed dispersion stability in Colombian commercial diesel for at least 70 days, by visual inspection; using UV‐Vis absorbance and particle size measurement it was determined that in the first hours after the generation of the dispersion there was sedimentation of a portion of the material to reach an equilibrium point in which 75 % of the particles continued in suspension.
Synthesis and Catalytic Application of MTsCOO‐Cu as a Melamine‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework in Facile Preparation of the 5‐Substituted‐1H‐Tetrazoles
Authors: Movaheditabar Parviz , Javaherian Mohammad , Nobakht Valiollah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel melamine‐based metal‐organic framework (MTsCOO‐Cu) has been designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, PXRD, FE‐SEM, EDX mapping, DTA, and TGA techniques. The MTsCOO‐Cu is successfully synthesized by the reaction of melamine with tosyl chloride and oxidation of methyl groups of the tosyl counterpart to carboxylic acids moieties and a consequent reaction with copper ion under ultrasonic irradiation. The synthesized MTsCOO‐Cu is catalytically used for the facile preparation of a series of 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles derivatives via click [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between various arrays of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles and sodium azide in PEG‐400 at 75 °C up to 86 %. The crucial reaction parameters including the type of solvent, temperature, and catalyst loading in progressing the reaction are evaluated and discussed. The synthesized MTsCOO‐Cu MOF showed an excellent catalytic activity, high chemical and thermal stabilities above 600 °C, simple preparation with readily available starting materials, and also ease of recyclability and reusability for four consecutive uses without considerable loss of activity. The output of this work may open new approaches for using new generations of MOFs catalysts in diverse chemical transformations.
Collusion or monitoring? Connected institutional investors and stock price crash risk in China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liang Yuheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of connected institutional investors on stock price crash risk. We document that the closer institutions are to the central position of the network, the greater the stock price crash risk, whereas the closer they are to the intermediary position, the smaller the stock price crash risk. Such results remain strong after conducting several robustness checks. Further evidences demonstrate that the collusion effect of central position, which is more pronounced for firms with higher insider ownership concentration, lower institutional ownership and lower regional marketization index, works through managers' asymmetric news disclosure, whereas the monitoring effect of intermediary position, which is more pronounced for firms with higher insider ownership concentration, higher institutional ownership and lower regional marketization index, works through better informativeness and control. Overall, our analyses provide insights into the relation between social embeddedness of individual economic activities and corporate governance.