bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blueberry, Flea Beetle Larval Control, 1983 & 1984
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. , Holmes J. A. , Flanders K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on crop year lowbush blueberry fields in Washington County, Maine. Plots measured 25 X 25 ft in 1983 and 10 x 10 ft in 1984 with 3 plots per treatment. Randomized complete block designs were used. Plots were treated on 2 Jun ’83 and 8 Jun ’84. Sprays were applied with a CO2-propelled sprayer at a rate of 14 gal/acre in 1983 and 25 gal/acre in 1984. Plants were close to full bloom in both tests at the time of application. On dates indicated in table, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweep net were taken from the center of each plot; after counting the larvae, they were spread back over the same plot.
Control of Adult Black Vine Weevil, 1984
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chamberlain Jimmie D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied on 3 Aug to single-row plots of raspberries with a vertical boom in 115 gal water/acre at 150 psi. Plots were 475 ft long and 9 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated after dark on 6 Aug by running the mechanical harvester over each plot and counting all adult weevils that appeared on the sorting belt.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Strawberries, 1984
Authors: Carson W. G. , Trumble John T. , Nakakihara H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Parker’ strawberries were transplanted 14 Nov ’83 into drip irrigated, double-row raised beds. Beds were mulched with clear plastic approximately 1 wk following transplanting. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates of each treatment. Each replicate consisted of 2 sub-beds (17 plants/sub-bed). Insecticides were applied on 9 Feb, 13 Apr and 5 May using 2 hollow cone nozzles/row with D3 orifices, #33 cores and 50-mesh screens. Operating pressure was 7.03 rag/cm2 and delivery rate was 935 liter/ha on the first and second applications and 1,402 liter/has on the third application. All applications contained 0.04% spreader/sticker (Leaf Act 80A). Spider mite populations were assessed by collecting the oldest functional trifoliate leaf/plant for 5 plants/replicate and counting the numbers of larvae + nymphs + adult males, and adult females for 7 wk following the first application (Test 1), 3 wk following the second application (Test 2) and 3 wk following the third application (Test 3).
Season Long Control of Peach Twig Borer, 1984
Authors: Beevers M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four treatments were applied 8 Feb (late dormant), 20 May, and 9 Aug (hull split). Counts of numbers of damaged spurs per 100 were made on 13 May ’84. At harvest evaluation of damaged nuts/100 checked was also made. Applications were made with anorchard handgun operated at 100 psi delivering 400 GPA. Three-year-old trees were used with 8 single-tree replications per treatment.
Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1984
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kelthane and Advantage were tested alone and tank mixed with a commerical foliar fertilizer containing 1.0% Fe, 4.0% Zn and 7.0% phosphoric acid (Poly Fe Zn®). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 3 times on plots of 3 trees in a 10-year-old grapefruit orchard (14 x 24 ft spacing). Applications were made 7 Aug utilizing a commerical air blast sprayer at 1 mph with nozzling and pressure adjusted for a spray volume of 200 gal/acre. Citrus rust mite (CRM) were counted in two 1-cml2 lens fields on the lower surface of each of 12 randomly collected leaves per tree (36 leaves per replicate). Another 24 leaves per replicate were randomly collected and processed through a mite brushing machine. Motile citrus red mite (RdM) were collected and counted on detergent-coated glass disks using a binocular microscope at 25X.
Evaluation of Baits for Control of Brown Garden Snail in California, 1984
Authors: Morse J. G. , Sakovich N. J. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various bait formulations of metaldehyde, methiocarb and larvin were tested for control of brown garden snails in an 11-year-old grapefruit grove (NS rows rowspacing 24 x 12 ft) in Buckhorn CA using 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Trees were devoid of weeds, but some leaf litter had accumulated under each tree. The grove was irrigated on 22 May, 4 Jun, and 11 Jun using low volume sprinklers, 1 located between each tree in a row. Counts of live snails pretreatment and dead snails posttreatment were taken within 1-yard-square counting frames (positions marked by stakes) which were placed half-way under the drip line of each tree on the NE, SE, SW and NW quadrants. Each count was taken of snails of all life stages within the 4 square yard area per tree. On each date, all dead snails were removed from the sample area so that they would not be recounted at a later date. Treatments were applied in a circle at the drip lines of the trees using dime-sized drops for the Deadline 40 (4% metaldehyde) or by sprinkling the dry baits in a narrow band.
Control of Texas Citrus Mite on Lemons, 1984
Authors: Byrne D. N. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This efficacy trial evaluated the performance of several acaricides against Texas citrus mites on lemons in an orchard near Yuma, Arizona. The soil type was Sandy Loam with a pH of 8.1 and 0.15% organic matter. A completely random design was utilized with 1-tree plots and 4 replications. Test materials were applied with a hand-gun from a John Bean Sprayer operating at 300 psi at a rate of 180 gpa. Applications were made when the trees were in the prebloom stage. At the time of application (15 Mar) the temperature was 71°F, with 20% RH, and a 7 kph wind. Mite counts were made on the basis of 20-leaf samples brought into the laboratory for processing.
Texas Citrus Mite Control on Oranges, 1984
Authors: Byrne D. N. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several experimental miticides were evaluated for control of Texas citrus mites on oranges in Yuma, AZ. The soil type in the orchard was Sandy Loam, with a pH of 8.1 and 0.15% organic matter. The temperature at the time of application was 74°F and the RH was 22%. The test design was completely random with 1-tree plots and 4 replications. Applications were made with a hand-gun from a John Bean Sprayer operating at 300 psi at a rate of 180 gpa. Applications were made 14 Mar when the trees were in the pre-bloom stage. Mite counts were made on the basis of 20-leaf samples on 14, 16 and 19 Mar and on 40-leaf samples thereafter. Leaves were brought into the laboratory for processing.
Citrus Thrips Control Trials in California, 1984
Authors: Morse J. G. , Grout T. G. , Elmer H. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for control of citrus thrips populations in Field 12 (14-year-old Atwood Navel oranges) of the Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, CA. Treatments were applied using a hand-gun at 500 psi, outside coverage and approximately 200 gpa on various dates pre- and post-petal fall (28 Apr). Four-tree plots were used with the number of single-tree replicates listed in the following table. Posttreatment counts were taken on some of the plots of the percent of fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level (10 fruit per tree) that were infested with citrus thrips. Citrus thrips fruit scarring counts were taken 1 mo prior to harvest on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level. Scars were rated as slight (incomplete ring scar) or severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring; scarring equivalent to level causing fruit downgrading in a normal year). Economic scarring levels are approximately 5% severe scars.
Timing Lorsban Applications for Black Scale Control on Oranges in Interior Southern California, 1984
Authors: Walker G. P. , Aitken D. C. G. , Iwata Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field of Valencia oranges in Riverside, California was divided into eighteen 3 x 3-tree plots. Pretreatment counts (23 May ’83) were taken from the center tree of each plot by counting the proportion of 9-inch twigs (N = 41 twigs/plot) that were infested with black scale. Plot assignment was not random; a conscious effort was made to assign the 5 treatments among the 18 plots so that all treatments had similar pretreatment counts. Consequently, pretreatment counts for all treatments were similar and high (88%-94% twig infestation). Three treatments were assigned to 4 plots each, and 2 treatments were assigned to 3 plots each. All treatments were applied with a Kinkelder concentrate sprayer that was equipped with an air tower. It rained 1.24 inches on 29 Sep ’83; no rainfall above 0.15 inches occurred within 2 wk after the other application.
Insect Control on Spring Broccoli, 1984
Authors: Criswell Jim T. , Bostian Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli was transplanted 15 Mar at the Vegetable Research Station, Bixby, OK. Plots consisted of single 2-m rows with 0.3 m between plants in a row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Treatments were made 21 May and 28 May with a delivery rate of 30 gal/acre. Evaluations were made on 16 May, 22 May and 29 May by counting larvae on 2-plants in the center of the row. Rainfall occurred 20 May (.14 inch), 23 May (.20 inch) and 27 May (5.20 inch).
Imported Cabbageworm on Broccoli, 1984
Authors: Nabors Raymond A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli was planted 14 April on 38 inch rows in loam soil with high N, P, K and a pH of 6.2. A plot consisted of 2 rows 100 feet long. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Broccoli was sprayed on 14 June using an R&D pistol belt sprayer with CO2 pressure at 50 psi delivering 25 gal/acre through a flat fan nozzle. The relative humidity was 74%, the temperature was 78°F and the wind was from the west at 2.5 mph. A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensh (SAN 415) was used in this test. Evaluations were made 48 h after treatment. The criterion for evaluation was the number of caterpillars on 10 randomly selected plants in each treatment.
Cabbage Insect Control, Ft. Collins, Co, 1984
Authors: Capinera John L. , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Late Flat Dutch’ cabbage was transplanted at 2-ft spacings (22-inches between row) at the C.S.U. Bay Farm on 1 Jun ’84. Plot size was 4 plants by 2 plants, separated by borders and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 7 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 90 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated 10 Aug and 27 Aug. Cabbageworm larvae and false chinch bugs were counted as totals from the center 4 heads in each plot. Aphids, primarily the turnip aphid, Hyadaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), were counted from 2 leaves selected from each center head.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1984
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney ML. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated 2 Jul at our research farm near Geneva, NY in a lime silt loam soil. Seeds (planted 10/ft) and treatments were applied by hand using cone seeders. Germination counts were made 30 Jul. The crop was then thinned to 1 plant ca. every 18 inches. Plots consisted of a single row, 20 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 30-inch row width. In-furrow liquid applications were made with a gravity system mounted on a cone seeder delivering 50 GPA. Incorporated treatments were applied at 50 GPA using a CO2 sprayer mounted on a cone seeder. The 4-inch wide band of spray was then planted through, resulting in a slight mixing of the insecticide into the seed furrow. Over-furrow applications were applied at 50 GPA to the soil surface after planting. Seed treatments were applied to the seed using a 1% solution of Biofilm as the carrier. Injury ratings were made 12 Sep by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1983
Authors: Story R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted at both the St. Gabriel Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA., and the Hammond Research Station, Hammond, LA. Seedling cabbage was transplanted into 48-inch rows on 20 Sep (Hammond) and 26 Sep (St. Gabriel). At both sites plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single-row plots containing 10 plants. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Treatments were applied on 14 and 27 Oct, at Hammond and on 13, 26 Oct, and 11 Sept at St. Gabriel. Evaluations of looper damage were made on 7 Dec (Hammond) and 6 Dec (St. Gabriel) by counting the number of leaves per plant with 1 or more holes ≥ 2 cm2 in area. The foliage injury rating was calculated as the mean number of leaves per plant with holes present.
Fall Cabbage Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 17 Jul, near Georgetown, DE. Two-row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, Co2 pressurized sprayer using a drop nozzle system (3 nozzles/row) operated at 40 psi delivering 71 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 1, 9, 15, 22 and 29 Aug, and 5, 12, and 25 Sept, for a total of 8 applications. Imported cabbage worm (ICW) and cabbage looper (CL) larvae were counted on each of 10 plants within each plot on a weekly basis from 1 Aug to 3 Oct.
Aster Leafhopper Control in Carrot, 1984
Authors: Ragsdale David W. , Setiawan Dwi P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for their ability to control the aster leafhopper. The plots were evaluated for 2 wk posttreatment to determine the residual activity of the insecticides. The trial was conducted at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Each plot had six 20-ft rows (24-inch centers) and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. Individual plots were separated from others by 10 ft of bare ground on all sides to minimize interplot movement of adult leafhoppers. A single application on 31 Aug was applied using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 40 psi (57.5 gal/acre). Samples were taken with a 15-inch diam sweep net taking 25 sweeps per plot.
Aster Leafhopper and Aster Yellows Control in Carrot, 1984
Authors: Ragsdale David W. , Setiawan Dwi P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated to determine their effects on the aster leafhopper and its transmission to aster yellows (mycoplasma-like organism) to carrots. The trial was conducted at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Each plot had eight 20-ft rows (12-inch centers), and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Both sides of each plot were bordered by 2 rows of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., ‘Great Lakes’ which remained unsprayed and served as a source of aster leafhopper and aster yellows. Individual plots were separated from others by 10 ft of bare ground on all sides to minimize interplot movement of the aster leafhopper. Treatments were applied using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 40 psi (57.5 gal/acre). Application dates were 18, 24, 31 Jul and 16 Aug. Sweep samples were taken with a 15-inch diam sweep net taking 25 sweeps per plot.
Insect Control in Celery, 1984
Authors: May A. , Grafius E. , Hayden N. , Warner E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted at the M.S.U. Muck Crop Experimental Farm, Bath, MI. The plots were 6 rows wide by 20 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design with 4 replications per treatment. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. All treatments were applied on a weekly basis. Treatment dates were: 29 Jun, 10, 16, 23, 30 Jul, 6, 14, 20, and 27 Aug. Sweep samples were taken weekly from the center rows of each plot. Ten plants were harvested from the middle rows of each plot on 9 Aug and 19 Sep, and evaluated for damage from carrot weevil, tarnished plant bug, aster yellows disease and cutworm.
Apple, Effect of SD 204523 on European Red Mite Populations, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An oxime pyrethroid, SD 204523, was tested for effect on mite populations. Small plot size was mandated because a very limited amount of the material was available. Consequently, treatment applications were made to single limbs with a compressed air backpack sprayer at 25 psi. Six 9-year-old York trees were used and each treatment was applied to 1 limb on each of the 6 trees. Each replicate limb and the adjacent limbs were sprayed to runoff. Drift to other test limbs was avoided by selecting limbs that were some distance apart. Treatments were applied on 12 Jul. Vendex 4F was used as a standard for comparative purposes. Mite populations were evaluated by randomly selecting 10 leaves/limb, brushing onto glass plates and counting motile mites and viable eggs under a binocular microscope.
Control of Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were direct seeded in 4 row plots 35 ft long on 16 Jul ’84. Plants were spaced 4 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. Each 2-row plot was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied on 21 and 29 Aug; 6, 11 and 18 Sept. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage—odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage—few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage—moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage—most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage—crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insect Pests on Late-Planted Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 13 Jul to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. Whorl sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 1 nozzle over the row calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 200 psi; foliar sprays at silking were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 4 nozzles/row, directed at the ear zone, which delivered 83 gal/A at 200 psi operated at 2 mph. The center 2 rows of each were treated and the outer 2 rows were untreated guard rows. Whorl treatments were applied on 10 and 22 Aug. Foliar sprays at silking were applied on 12, 14, 17, 20 and 24 Sep. Twenty plants from the middle 2 rows were evaluated on 27 Aug for fall armyworm (FAW) and European corn borer (ECB) numbers and damage. The categories for armyworm foliar feeding damage are as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage; (2) 10% damage; (3) moderate damage, up to 25% of the whorl destroyed; (4) heavy damage, up to 50% of the whorl destroyed and (5) severe damage, whorls destroyed. At harvest (27 Sep) 20 ears from the 2 center rows of each plot were evaluated for ‘worm’ damage as “none” (clean-no damage), “tip” (less than 1.5 inches tip damage) and “side” (culls). On 5 Nov, 20 stalks from the middle 2 rows of each plot were split from tassel to soil surface and each 2.5 cm of ECB damage was recorded as one cavity.
Apple, Early Season Aphicide Evaluations, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental materials were applied to 9-year-old semi-dwarf York trees using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Trees were sprayed to runoff. A randomized block design was used and each treatment was replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied as follows: delayed dormant-12 Apr (Orthene, Trithion + oil); pink-1 May (Orthene, Ambush, Pounce + Thiodan); and petal-fall-21 May (Ambush, Pounce). Effectiveness on RAA populations was evaluated on 3 May and 4 Jun by counting all visible colonies on each replicate. On 3 May each colony was examined for live aphids. Control of WALH was evaluated on 16 May by counting all adults and nymphs on 10 randomly selected leaves per replicate.
Impact of Pesticides on California Red Scale Populations on Orange, 1984
Authors: Walker G. P. , Aitken D. C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment with 7 replicates was conducted in a field of Valencia oranges (ca 15 ft tall, 20 ft × 21 ft planting) in Riverside, California. The field was divided into 9-tree (3 × 3) plots. Pretreatment densities of California red scale (CRS) were estimated by sampling 120 twigs (9-in terminal twigs) per plot in mid May ’84 and posttreatment densities were estimated by sampling 120 twigs and 120 fruit per plot in mid Oct ’84 and again in early Apr ’85. Fruit counts are an index of how well a treatment prevented the current crop from becoming infested and consequently down-graded. This is the immediate benefit of a CRS control application. Twig counts are an index of how well a treatment suppressed scale population growth. The 120 sample units per plot consisted of 15 randomly selected sample units from each of 8 locations within each plot: on the center tree, the NE, NW, SE, and SW quadrants; and on each of the 4 trees immediately N, S, E, and W of the center tree (rows ran E-W), the quadrant that faces the center tree (the S, N, W, and E quadrants of these trees, respectively). Each sample unit was scored in situ as being infested or not infested with live CRS. Blocks with relatively uniform pretreatment counts were created by assigning plots with similar pre-treatment counts to the same block. The treatments were randomized within each of the 7 blocks. Pesticides were applied with an oscillating boom sprayer (500 psi, 1.4 mph) at a rate of ea 2,038 gal/A on 27 Jun ’84 which was approximately 1 wk prior to the peak of the second generation male flight as estimated from pheromone trap catches in a field ca 20 mi from Riverside.
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1984
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature ‘Stuart’ trees at the orchard of C. Bickham Dickson, Bossier City, Louisiana. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks, with 1 tree, per treatment, per block. Pretreatment counts were made on 21 Sep. Application of foliar applied materials were made on 24 Sep using an FMC 957 speed sprayer delivering approximately 30 gal of finished material per tree. Posttreatment counts were made on 25 Sep, 27 Sep and 10 Oct.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1985
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on 4-year-old trees of mixed cultivars at the LSU Pecan Research-Extension Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. A randomized block design was used consisting of 3 blocks, with 1 tree per treatment, per block. Pretreatment counts were made on 13 Aug. Applications of foliar applied materials were made on 14 Aug using an FMC 61 VS sprayer, delivering 1.67 gal of finished material per tree. Posttreatment counts were made at 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. Sampling consisted of counting the number of aphids—both nymphs and adults—on 10 compound leaves per tree.
Residues of Fenvalerate (and Its Metabolite, Decarboxylated Fenvalerate) in Chinese Broccoli When Applied for Control of Cabbage Looper and Cabbageworm, 1984
Authors: George D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pydrin EC formulation was applied to Chinese broccoli at the rates of 0.2 lb and 0.4 lb Al/acre at the Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory as a water based foliar spray using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer and 40 gal/acre. The seeds were planted on 20 Apr and the plants emerged on 30 Apr. Spraying started on 11 May, at 1 wk intervals, for a total of 7 applications.