bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing the places of young people in public space: Conflict, belonging and identity
Authors: Gray Debra , Manning Rachel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBuilding on the growing discursive approach to people–place relations, we examine how young people negotiate people–place tensions and relations, and how they establish their everyday sense of place in contemporary public spaces. Facilitated by the use of Collaborative Spatial Mapping, analysis of focus group data from 51 young people focuses on three aspects of participants’ talk about the places that make up their everyday lives: appropriation of micro‐geographical spaces, the construction of autobiographical insideness and the mobilization of shared socio‐spatial histories. Our analysis illustrates young people's responses to a broader problematic of being ‘troublesome’ in public spaces, demonstrating how they construct a deep‐rooted attachment to, and sense of themselves as located members within, such spaces. We argue that place appropriation and autobiographical insideness are important concepts for understanding the practice of citizenship by young people, and how such practice is embedded in wider political processes of spatial conflict and exclusion.
Phenotypic expansion and variable expressivity in individuals with JARID2‐related intellectual disability: A case series
Authors: Cadieux‐Dion Maxime , Farrow Emily , Thiffault Isabelle , Cohen Ana S. A. , Welsh Holly , Bartik Lauren , Schwager Caitlin , Engleman Kendra , Zhou Dihong , Zhang Lei , Repnikova Elena , Amudhavalli Shivarajan M. , Saunders Carol J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLoss of function variants in JARID2 were recently reported in 16 patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delays, intellectual and learning disability, autism, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. Most cases were de novo, with only one variant inherited from an affected parent. Here, we present seven additional individuals from five families with pathogenic or likely pathogenic JARID2 variants, confirming this gene‐disease association and highlighting palatal abnormalities and heart defects as part of the phenotype. In addition, we report inheritance of JARID2 variants from mildly affected parents, demonstrating the variable expressivity of the disease. We also note the high prevalence of intragenic JARID2 copy number variants, emphasizing the importance of exon‐level analysis.
What are parents' and children's co‐constructed views on mobile phone use and policies in school?
Authors: Rose Sarah E. , Gears Annabel , Taylor Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing ownership of mobile phones by children increases pressure on schools to create mobile phone policies. This study investigated parents' and children's co‐constructed views of mobile phone use at school. Nine parents and child (aged 10 to 11 years) dyads were interviewed. The data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Generally, parents and children held shared views of the importance of having phones to keep in contact alongside an awareness of the risks. Hearing the children's and parents' co‐constructed views and solutions highlight the potential positive impact of their involvement in co‐developing school mobile phone policies.
Handling the discontinuity in futures prices when time series modeling of commodity cash and futures prices
Authors: Maples Joshua G. , Brorsen B. Wade 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFutures prices are discontinuous, with each future price series ending at maturity. Differencing before splicing can create a continuous future return series, but still leaves price levels with discrete jumps. When comparing cash and futures prices, there is a need to either make the futures more like the cash price by adding back the changes at rollover or removing the nonstationarity and seasonality from cash prices. In the specific situation of only testing market efficiency of futures prices, we propose using panel unit root tests. Our empirical examples using weekly prices show the null hypothesis of a unit root is not rejected in most cases regardless of the test used.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and tumor lysis syndrome in hematologic malignancies: A systemic review
Authors: Salter Brittany , Burns Ian , Fuller Katherine , Eshaghpour Ali , Lionel Anath C. , Crowther Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEffective treatments for hematologic malignancies include therapies that target tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling pathways. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that can occur due to rapid turnover following the initiation of treatments for hematologic malignancy. The incidence of TLS is under‐reported and it is unclear as to whether TK inhibitors (TKIs) are associated with TLS.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to determine the incidence of TLS with TKIs.MethodsA search was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science electronic databases, as well as a manual search of the American Society of Hematology and American Society of Clinical Oncology abstract databases. Keywords included: “tumor lysis syndrome,” “tyrosine kinase inhibitors,” “lymphoma,” and “leukemia.”ResultsWe identified a total of 57 publications that commented on the incidence of TLS with TKIs for hematologic malignancy. Thirty‐nine of those publications reported TLS as an adverse event. TLS was described as an adverse event among essentially all the subclasses of TKIs that are used to manage hematologic malignancies.ConclusionThe overall number of articles commenting on TLS as an adverse event is sparse and there needs to be more transparency regarding the incidence of TLS when employing newer targeted therapies. Physicians should consider the risk of TLS on an individual basis and the added risk of TLS when using TKIs to treat hematologic malignancy.
Lower levels of cyclosporine between days 0 and +21 may reduce later relapses without increasing graft‐versus‐host disease in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who undergo myeloablative TBI‐based allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Arcuri Leonardo Javier , Lerner Decio , Tavares Rita de Cassia Barbosa da Silva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe degree of immunosuppression required for adequate graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prevention, while keeping an adequate graft‐versus‐leukemia effect, in children with acute leukemia has not been established. We report the results of a retrospective comparison of cyclosporine levels and relapse rate in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).MethodsPatients <21 y/o with ALL in remission who underwent TBI‐based hematopoietic cell transplantation from related or unrelated donors between 2008 and 2021 were included. Cyclosporine levels were measured twice a week and we calculated the area under the curve (AUC) from D0 to D + 7, D + 14, and D + 21.ResultsWe included 76 patients. There was a trend towards a lower incidence of relapse in patients with a mean AUC < 200 ng/ml at D + 21 (HR = 0.41; p = .08). The 5‐year relapse rate was 26.9% for patients with a mean AUC < 200 ng/ml at D + 21 and 43.9% for patients with a mean AUC≥200 ng/ml at D + 21. Relapse protection was restricted to relapses happening after D + 120 (HR = 0.21; p = .04).ConclusionsOur results show evidence that pediatric patients with ALL might benefit from lower cyclosporine levels between D0 and D + 21 without a detectable increase in GVHD. Large prospective studies comparing different cyclosporine levels are awaited.
Glycemic biomarkers in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy on various types of ketogenic diet therapies: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Teng Lip‐Yuen , Lee Vanessa Wan‐Mun , Murugesu Sumitha , Lee Jun‐Xiong , Ibrahim Nur Sakinah , Ishak Mohd Fatahudin , Mohamed Ahmad Rithauddin , Khoo Teik‐Beng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and modified glucose‐ketone index (mGKI) in children on different types of ketogenic diet (KD) for treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy, with attempts to evaluate their relationships with components of diet regime and other biomarkers.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in children with drug resistant epilepsy aged between 6 months and 18 years, who were on various types of KD therapies without any change in regime for at least 3 months. Parental interview, review of medical records, and a single measurement for blood ketone, HbA1c, and plasma carnitine were performed. mGKI was the ratio of an average plasma glucose estimated from HbA1c to blood β‐hydroxybutyrate level.ResultsThirty‐four patients were recruited with a median blood ketone of 2.90 mmol·L–1 and median HbA1c of 4.55%. Those on classical KD (cKD) had higher blood ketone (p = .031) and lower HbA1c (p = .010) and mGKI (p = .021) than those receiving modified Atkins diet, although both shared similar percentages of calories from carbohydrate (p = .211). The cKD and medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) KD groups had similar HbA1c (p = .252) and mGKI (p = .510). Blood ketone (p = .045) and the percentage of calories from MCT (p = .037) were the two main independent variables, inversely correlating with HbA1c. Other than plasma acylcarnitine (p = .047), neither blood ketone (p = .188) nor HbA1c (p = .170) could predict seizure reduction reliably. Both plasma acylcarnitine ≥ 6 μmol·L–1 (p = .013) and mGKI ≤ 2.2 (p = .013) were significantly associated with good seizure control.SignificanceHbA1c could potentially be useful for monitoring KD adherence or, indirectly, systemic ketosis in nondiabetic children on KD for drug‐resistant epilepsy. Plasma acylcarnitine and mGKI could be important biomarkers in the management of KD therapy.
Novel animal model of combined generalized and focal epilepsy
Authors: Ohmori Iori , Ouchida Mamoru , Shinohara Masakazu , Kobayashi Kiyoka , Ishida Saeko , Mashimo Tomoji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThioredoxin, encoded by Txn1, is a critical antioxidant that protects against oxidative damage by regulating the dithiol/disulfide balance of interacting proteins. We recently discovered the Adem rat, an epileptic rat harboring the Txn1‐F54L mutation, characterized by wild running and vacuolar degeneration in the midbrain. This study aimed to characterize the classification of epilepsy in Adem rats. We performed simultaneous video‐electroencephalographic recordings, magnetic resonance imaging, neurotransmitter measurements using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and immunohistochemistry. Adem rats exhibited absence, tonic, and focal seizures. The type of epilepsy was classified as combined generalized and focal epilepsy. Neurotransmitters in the midbrain and cortex were measured at 3 weeks of age, when neuronal cell death occurs in the midbrain. The results of GC‐MS ruled out the dominance of the excitatory system in the midbrain and cortex of Adem rats. Activation of astrocytes and microglia was more pronounced at 5 weeks of age, at which time epileptic seizures occurred frequently. The underlying pathology in Adem rats remains unknown. However, glial cell activation and inflammation may play a significant role in the occurrence of epilepsy.
Safety profile of hydroxychloroquine used off‐label for the treatment of patients with COVID‐19: A descriptive study based on EudraVigilance data
Authors: Motola Domenico , Bonaldo Giulia , Montanaro Nicola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAt the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, worldwide attempts were made to identify potential drugs effective against the COVID‐19. Hydroxychloroquine was among the first receiving attention. However, following its use in therapy, it has been shown that hydroxychloroquine was not only ineffective but probably, due to its known side effects, even responsible of increased mortality of patients. The objective of this study was to review the safety profile of hydroxychloroquine used off‐label for the treatment of COVID‐19. We analyze the reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) collected in EudraVigilance, the European database of ADR reports. We collected 2266 reports for 2019 and 6525 for 2020. The most reported ADRs during 2020 were those relating to cardiac, hepatic, renal toxicity such as QT prolongation with 400 cases in 2020 (of which, 345 cases—9.97%—with COVID‐19 as a therapeutic indication) versus 1 case only in 2019 (0.01%), long QT syndrome: 38 cases in 2020 (36 as COVID‐19 treatment) versus 0 in 2019, hepatitis: 13 cases in 2019 (0.11%) and 132 in 2020, and 32 cases (24, 0.69%) of acute kidney injury in 2020 and only 3 cases in 2019. Moreover, some important vision‐related ADRs also increased significantly during 2020, such as retinal toxicity with 92 cases in 2020 versus 7 in 2019. Even though with its intrinsic limitations, our results may be added to the most recent scientific evidence to confirm the unfavorable risk profile of hydroxychloroquine in its off‐label use in the treatment of COVID‐19 disease.
Ecological and genomic vulnerability to climate change across native populations of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Tournebize Rémi , Borner Leyli , Manel Stéphanie , Meynard Christine N. , Vigouroux Yves , Crouzillat Dominique , Fournier Coralie , Kassam Mohamed , Descombes Patrick , Tranchant‐Dubreuil Christine , Parrinello Hugues , Kiwuka Catherine , Sumirat Ucu , Legnate Hyacinthe , Kambale Jean‐Léon , Sonké Bonaventure , Mahinga Jose Cassule , Musoli Pascal , Janssens Steven B. , Stoffelen Piet , de Kochko Alexandre , Poncet Valérie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe assessment of population vulnerability under climate change is crucial for planning conservation as well as for ensuring food security. Coffea canephora is, in its native habitat, an understorey tree that is mainly distributed in the lowland rainforests of tropical Africa. Also known as Robusta, its commercial value constitutes a significant revenue for many human populations in tropical countries. Comparing ecological and genomic vulnerabilities within the species’ native range can provide valuable insights about habitat loss and the species’ adaptive potential, allowing to identify genotypes that may act as a resource for varietal improvement. By applying species distribution models, we assessed ecological vulnerability as the decrease in climatic suitability under future climatic conditions from 492 occurrences. We then quantified genomic vulnerability (or risk of maladaptation) as the allelic composition change required to keep pace with predicted climate change. Genomic vulnerability was estimated from genomic environmental correlations throughout the native range. Suitable habitat was predicted to diminish to half its size by 2050, with populations near coastlines and around the Congo River being the most vulnerable. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed 165 candidate SNPs associated with climatic adaptation in C. canephora, which were located in genes involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stressors. Genomic vulnerability was higher for populations in West Africa and in the region at the border between DRC and Uganda. Despite an overall low correlation between genomic and ecological vulnerability at broad scale, these two components of vulnerability overlap spatially in ways that may become damaging. Genomic vulnerability was estimated to be 23% higher in populations where habitat will be lost in 2050 compared to regions where habitat will remain suitable. These results highlight how ecological and genomic vulnerabilities are relevant when planning on how to cope with climate change regarding an economically important species.
Expression of airway smooth muscle contractile proteins in children with acute interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Cheng Fang , Lu Tao , Wang Yicheng , Yuan Didi , Wei Zehong , Li Yongguo , Li Jianbo , Tang Renkuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of α‐SMA and SM22α in airway smooth muscle (ASM) of bronchioles from children younger than 14 years who died of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP). This is based upon the hypothesis that as contractile marker proteins α‐SMA and SM22α can serve as an index of the overcontractile phenotype of ASM that is seen in AIP. Lung tissue samples of children were obtained from autopsies and divided into the AIP group (55.9% male and 44.1% female, between 0.4 and 132 months old, n = 34) and the control group (60% male and 40% female, between 2 and 156 months old, n = 10). We recorded the post‐mortem interval (PMI), height, clinical symptoms and abdominal fat thickness (AFT) of each case. Haematoxylin‐and‐eosin‐stained sections were used to examine the luminal area and observe the morphological changes in the bronchioles. Immunohistochemistry and Masson's trichrome staining were used to detect the expression of contractile marker proteins and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis respectively. Compared with the control group, the luminal areas of bronchioles in the AIP group were smaller (p < .001). The expression differences in α‐SMA and SM22α between the two groups were statistically significant (p = .01 and p = .02 respectively). Also, there was no significant correlation of the contractile marker proteins expression with PMI, height, clinical symptoms and AFT. The collagen deposition difference in lung between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = .224). These findings suggest that enhancement of ASM contractile function appears to be involved in the death mechanism of children with AIP, which affords more insights into the understanding of AIP.
Complex effects of environment and Wolbachia infections on the life history of Drosophila melanogaster hosts
Authors: Strunov Anton , Lerch Sina , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. , Miller Wolfgang J. , Kapun Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWolbachia bacteria are common endosymbionts of many arthropods found in gonads and various somatic tissues. They manipulate host reproduction to enhance their transmission and confer complex effects on fitness‐related traits. Some of these effects can serve to increase the survival and transmission efficiency of Wolbachia in the host population. The Wolbachia–Drosophila melanogaster system represents a powerful model to study the evolutionary dynamics of host–microbe interactions and infections. Over the past decades, there has been a replacement of the ancestral wMelCS Wolbachia variant by the more recent wMel variant in worldwide D. melanogaster populations, but the reasons remain unknown. To investigate how environmental change and genetic variation of the symbiont affect host developmental and adult life‐history traits, we compared effects of both Wolbachia variants and uninfected controls in wild‐caught D. melanogaster strains at three developmental temperatures. While Wolbachia did not influence any developmental life‐history traits, we found that both lifespan and fecundity of host females were increased without apparent fitness trade‐offs. Interestingly, wMelCS‐infected flies were more fecund than uninfected and wMel‐infected flies. By contrast, males infected with wMel died sooner, indicating sex‐specific effects of infection that are specific to the Wolbachia variant. Our study uncovered complex temperature‐specific effects of Wolbachia infections, which suggests that symbiont–host interactions in nature are strongly dependent on the genotypes of both partners and the thermal environment.
Effectiveness of fat grafting in scar reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyuan , Li Guangxue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundScar brings great physical and mental pain to patients. Fat grafting may be a new and simple way to treat scar. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the correlation between fat grafting and scar reduction.MethodsThe author searched Chinese and English literature databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, Cqvip, Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, CBM, etc. for articles published in the period from 2011 to 2021 about the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of fat grating on scar reduction, and then performed meta‐analysis with Review Manager 5.4.ResultsA total of nine articles were included in the assessment of the effect of fat grafting on scar reduction, with meta‐analysis suggesting statistical significance (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 3.01–10.53, p < 0.01). There was statistical significance in the difference observed between the simple fat grating group (p = 0.004) and the group of existing therapies combined with fat grafting (p < 0.0001).ConclusionFat grafting may be a good method for scar treatment, especially when it's combined with other therapies. Still, due to the limitations of included RCTs, more large‐scale high‐quality RCTs must be carried out before solid conclusions can be drawn.
(Dis)passionate law stories: the emotional processes of encoding narratives in court
Authors: BERGMAN BLIX STINA , MINISSALE ALESSANDRA 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this conceptual article, we propose that legal professional decision makers’ transformation of narratives in court (encoding) influences their emotional attunement to the stories at hand. First, we argue that the process of encoding is linked to the strict demand for dispassion in legal settings. Second, we introduce three techniques that regulate the emotional processes at play during the encoding of law narratives: demarcation, fragmentation, and proximation. Demarcation and fragmentation produce emotional distance from narratives and their associated emotions, while proximation refers to the deliberate calibration of emotional attunement to law stories to enable legal decision making. Demarcation and fragmentation are sustained by background emotions of ease and interest when stories align with legal requirements, versus disinterest and irritation when ‘too many’ details are introduced. Proximation is regulated through the epistemic emotions of doubt and certainty. By scrutinizing the subtle emotions involved in legal encoding, we problematize the ideal of judicial dispassion.
Parenting stress in lockdown: The role of changes in Children's routines and Parents' relationship with live‐in grandparents
Authors: Tan Tony Xing , Wang Peng , Li Gen , Lane‐Holbert Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined parenting stress in relation to changes in preschool‐aged children's routines and change in relationship quality between parents and live‐in grandparents caused by the lockdown.BackgroundThe Chinese city of Wuhan was the first city in the world to enforce a strict citywide lockdown to curtail the spread of Covid‐19. The 76‐day (1/23–4/8/2020) lockdown affected about 13 million of Wuhan's residents, many of whom were families with young children.MethodSurvey data were collected from 130 parents in Wuhan on parenting stress, children's routines in learning, play/exercise, screen exposure and sleep before, during and after the lockdown.ResultsThe lockdown led to a significant decrease in the amount of time that the children spent daily in playing/exercise and learning, but a significant increase in nighttime sleep and screen exposure. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that controlling for other variables, the following significantly predicted parenting stress: decrease in learning time, parent–grandparent relationship deterioration, and the interaction between decrease in learning time and parent–grandparent relationship improvement.ConclusionMinimizing loss of learning time and preventing parent–grandparent relationship deterioration could help reduce parenting stress during the lockdown.