bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What you say matters: Moving beyond gossiping extent to explore the positive effects of gossip truthfulness and gossip interestingness
Authors: Outlaw Ryan , Baer Michael D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhereas substantial research portrays gossip as a detrimental behavior, other work observes that gossip performs essential social functions, such as distributing valuable information. Collectively, the literature indicates that gossip has the potential to harm and benefit the relationship between the gossip sender and receiver. Our study brings consensus to this conversation by drawing a distinction between how much gossiping occurs—gossiping extent—and characteristics of that gossip—gossip truthfulness and gossip interestingness. Drawing on social exchange theory and cognitive‐motivational‐relational theory, we build a within‐person theoretical model that proposes gossip truthfulness will strengthen the receiver's perception of the social exchange relationship, whereas gossip interestingness will increase the receiver's state happiness. Ultimately, these proximal reactions will increase the receiver's helping behavior toward the sender. We tested our model with a 15‐day experience sampling study (Study 1) and an experiment (Study 2). Results showed that gossip truthfulness had a positive effect on the receiver's perception of the social exchange relationship, leading the receiver to provide more helping behavior to the sender. Gossip interestingness had a positive effect on the receiver's state happiness, leading to increased helping behavior toward the sender. Gossip interestingness also had a serial indirect effect on helping behavior, via increased state happiness that increased receiver social exchange perceptions. In contrast, gossiping extent had a negative indirect effect on helping behavior via decreased receiver happiness, as well as a negative serial indirect effect via decreased receiver happiness and social exchange perceptions. Our model provides employees with insights into how gossip impacts the sender–receiver relationship.
Characterization of anatomical features, developmental roadmaps, and key genes of bamboo leaf epidermis
Authors: Jiang Jiawen , Gao Zhipeng , Xiang Yu , Guo Lin , Zhang Chuzheng , Que Feng , Yu Fen , Wei Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe exact developmental roadmaps of bamboo leaf epidermis and the regulating genes are largely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the morphological features of the leaf epidermis of bamboo, Pseudosasa japonica. We also established the developmental roadmaps of the abaxial epidermis along the linearly growing leaf. A variant of P. japonica, P. japonica var. tsutsumiana, with smaller stomata and higher stomata density, was identified. Further analysis revealed that the higher stomata density of the variant was due to the abnormal increase in stomata columns within the single stomata band. This abnormal development of stomata bands was observed as early as the guard mother cell stage in the leaf division zone (DZ). Interestingly, the developmental pattern of the single stomata was similar in P. japonica and the variant. Molecular data showed that PjDLT (Dwarf and Low Tillering) was significantly downregulated in leaves DZ of the variant. Overexpression of PjDLT in Arabidopsis and rice results in smaller plants with lower stomata density, whereas downregulation or mutation of OsDLT results in increased stomata density. Our results highlight the morphological features and developmental schedule of the leaf epidermis of bamboo and provide evidence that DLT plays an important role in regulating stomata in bamboo and rice.
Fertility, Economic Incentives and Individual Heterogeneity: Register Data-Based Evidence from France and Germany
Authors: Lipowski Cäcilia , Wilke Ralf A. , Koebel Bertrand 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study demonstrates the importance of accounting for correlated unobserved heterogeneity to correctly identify the relevance of career and education for fertility decisions. By exploiting individual-level life-cycle information on fertility, career and education from large administrative longitudinal datasets, this paper shows that non-linear panel models produce substantially different results than the cross-sectional approaches widely used in previous studies. Higher opportunity costs of having children are found to be associated with lower fertility within a country, while the magnitude of the adjustment differs strongly across countries. In Germany, fertility decisions are found to depend more on individual circumstances than in France, where better public childcare support enhances the compatibility between family and professional life.
Educational roles impact burnout in paediatric undergraduate medical educators
Authors: Fealy Jessica L. , Punnett Angela , Burrows Heather L. , Fenick Ada M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysician burnout impacts all levels of medical education and has a relatively unknown impact on those responsible for medical student education, particularly in paediatrics. This study examines the prevalence of burnout among paediatric undergraduate medical educators and explores the impact of roles in medical education on medical educator burnout.MethodsThis cross‐sectional mixed‐methods study utilised a binational survey of paediatricians involved in undergraduate medical education. Respondents answered demographics, standardised questions about burnout and attitudes towards students, and an open‐ended probe about interactions between medical student education and wellness.FindingsOf 445 possible, 120 (26.9%) responded to demographic and burnout questions. Of these, 23.3% endorsed burnout, 21.7% high emotional exhaustion (EE) and 10.8% high depersonalisation (DP). High levels of student‐related burnout symptoms were reported by fewer than 5% of respondents and were correlated with overall EE and DP. Content analysis revealed four emergent themes: positive effect of student‐related role, need to balance medical education and clinical roles, impact of protected time and medical education‐related autonomy on educator well‐being, and the burden of the administrative portion of educational roles.DiscussionParticipating paediatric educators had low rates of burnout compared with paediatricians as a whole in prior studies. The vast majority found working with students rewarding and described the overall positive impact of their medical education role on wellness.ConclusionPhysician involvement in rewarding non‐clinical activities may improve their overall well‐being. Providing dedicated time for these activities may ameliorate the difficulty that many medical educators described in balancing their clinical and educational roles. Future studies should continue to explore how we can better support medical educators and the impact of this support on burnout.
Mitogenomes provide insights into the phylogeny and evolution of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)
Authors: Sun Shao'e , Xiao Ning , Sha Zhongli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOphiuroidea is the most speciose of all classes of Echinoderma. It is an important component in benthic ecosystems, occurring in almost all ecological niches of modern seas. To date, the phylogeny and complete evolutionary history of the ophiuroids have not yet been fully resolved. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) exigua and two deep‐sea species Histampica sp. CS049 and Ophioplinthaca sp. M5261. These two deep‐sea ophiuroids displayed reversed strand‐compositional bias and rearranged gene orders. Thirteen distinct patterns of mitochondrial gene order among ophiuroid mitogenomes were detected, with two gene order newly found in Ophiuroidea. Our data supported the gene order found in all sampled Ophiuridae as the most likely ancestral order of all Ophiuroidea. To improve phylogenetic accuracy based on nucleotide differences, two different criteria were used for the analyses: (i) nucleotide sequence from all codon positions (PCG123); (ii) the NTE method (“Neutral Transitions Excluded”) for ameliorating the misleading effects of a reverse strand bias in the data. The two methods confirmed the polyphyly of the orders Ophiacanthida and Amphilepidia. At family and genus level, Ophiuridae, Ophionotus and Ophioplinthus were not monophyletic. The most notable exception was that the NTE phylogeny showed low variation of branch length. NTE dataset generated younger age for most lower‐level nodes than that from PCG123 dataset. All analyses suggested that the ophiuroids radiation occurred around the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event, and the divergence time of the deep‐sea lineages was during the Cretaceous.
Concavity of solutions to semilinear equations in dimension two
Authors: Chau Albert , Weinkove Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider the Dirichlet problem for a class of semilinear equations on two‐ dimensional convex domains. We give a sufficient condition for the solution to be concave. Our condition uses comparison with ellipses, and is motivated by an idea of Kosmodem'yanskii. We also prove a result on propagation of concavity of solutions from the boundary, which holds in all dimensions.
Collaborative Design Decision-Making With Artificial Intelligence: Exploring the Evolution and Impact of Human Confidence in AI and in Themselves
Authors: Chong Leah , Raina Ayush , Goucher-Lambert Kosa , Kotovsky Kenneth , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Decision-making assistance by artificial intelligence (AI) during design is only effective when human designers properly utilize AI input. However, designers often misjudge the AI’s and/or their own ability, leading to erroneous reliance on AI and therefore bad designs. To avoid such outcomes, it is critical to understand the evolution of designers’ confidence in both their AI teammate(s) and themselves during human-AI collaboration. Therefore, this work conducts a cognitive study to explore how experiencing various and changing (without notice) AI performance levels and feedback affects these confidences and consequently the decisions to accept or reject AI suggestions. The results first reveal that designers’ confidence in an AI agent changes with poor, but not with good, AI performance. Interestingly, designers’ self-confidence initially remains unaffected by AI accuracy; however, when the accuracy changes, self-confidence decreases regardless of the direction of the change. Moreover, this work finds that designers tend to infer flawed information from feedback, resulting in inappropriate levels of confidence in both the AI and themselves. Confidence in the AI and in themselves is also shown to affect designers’ probability of accepting AI input in opposite directions. Finally, results that are uniquely applicable to design are identified by comparing the findings from this work to those from a similar study conducted with a non-design task. Overall, this work offers valuable insights that may enable prevention and detection of designers’ inappropriate confidence and their consequent misuse of AI in design.
Dual-Purpose Lenticular Locking Hinges for Actuation and Stiffening of Deployable Origami Arrays
Authors: Brown Nathan , Varela Katie , Ynchausti Collin , Howell Larry L. , Magleby Spencer P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deployable origami arrays have been used to increase the aperture areas of spacecraft instruments. Folds within these patterns allow the arrays to fold compactly, but can also cause un-desired folding when in the deployed state. In addition, there is a need to deploy them with mechanisms that are light and small.
This paper introduces a strain-energy storing joint that can be used to deploy and stiffen foldable origami arrays, called the Lenticular Lock (LentLock). The LentLock hinge design includes compliant flexures with geometry based on the Euler spiral. When panels are folded, the flexures are deflected flat and lie in-plane with the panels, storing strain energy. During deployment, the panels are released and the stored strain energy in the flexures opens the folded hinge. Simultaneously, the out-of-plane displacement of the deployed flexures is used to create beneficial interference to stabilize the array and prevent undesired refolding of the mechanism. In this paper, the geometry of the LentLock is introduced and performance of the joint is shown. The Lent-Lock is integrated into several folding mechanisms including a single fold, a single origami vertex, a Z-fold, and a multi-vertex origami array. Proof-of-concept prototypes of each folding pattern are shown.
Generative Design for Resilience of Interdependent Network Systems
Authors: Wu Jiaxin , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Interconnected complex systems usually undergo disruptions due to internal uncertainties and external negative impacts such as those caused by harsh operating environments or regional natural disaster events. To maintain the operation of interconnected network systems under both internal and external challenges, design for resilience research has been conducted from both enhancing the reliability of the system through better designs and improving the failure recovery capabilities. As for enhancing the designs, challenges have arisen for designing a robust system due to the increasing scale of modern systems and the complicated underlying physical constraints. To tackle these challenges and design a resilient system efficiently, this study presents a generative design method that utilizes graph learning algorithms. The generative design framework contains a performance estimator and a candidate design generator. The generator can intelligently mine good properties from existing systems and output new designs that meet predefined performance criteria. While the estimator can efficiently predict the performance of the generated design for a fast iterative learning process. Case studies results based on power systems from the IEEE dataset have illustrated the applicability of the proposed method for designing resilient interconnected systems.
Efficient Design of Acoustic Metamaterials With Design Domains of Variable Size Using Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Wiest Tyler , Seepersad Carolyn Conner , Haberman Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Most metamaterial systems are designed with periodic unit cells to make the underlying design problem more tractable. Shifting to nonperiodic unit cells enables a broader range of physical properties at the expense of higher dimensional design spaces of variable size associated with the adjustable quantity and size of physical features. Representing the physical behavior of these systems with metamodels can enhance the efficiency of the design process, but several challenges must be overcome. Training metamodels for high-dimensional systems requires large volumes of data, and in nonperiodic systems where the quantity and arrangement of structural features is variable, the metamodels must be valid for systems with a broad range of dimensionalities. Furthermore, in acoustic and dynamic applications, responses that are sensitive with respect to frequency compound the issue by requiring dense sampling throughout the spectrum. This paper presents a method to address these challenges by representing these systems as graphs and training purpose-built neural network architectures to update the graphs from state to state. Encoding graph states before — and decoding after — calling the state update functions enables the update functions to maintain generality with respect to dimensionality. The trained update functions are then applicable to systems with dimensionalities beyond those frequently observed in training. By skewing training samples toward lower-dimensional systems that are less computationally expensive to simulate, the computational expense of gathering training data can be reduced with minimal loss of accuracy in predicting the dynamic behavior of higher-dimensional systems. The method is demonstrated by designing an asymmetric acoustic absorber.
Control Co-Design Optimization of Natural Gas Power Plants With Carbon Capture and Thermal Storage
Authors: Vercellino Roberto , Markey Ethan , Limb Braden J. , Pisciotta Maxwell , Huyett Joseph , Garland Shane , Bandhauer Todd , Quinn Jason C. , Psarras Peter , Herber Daniel R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, an optimization model was constructed to help address important design and operation questions for a novel system combining natural gas power plants with carbon capture and thermal storage. A control co-design (CCD) approach is taken where key plant sizing decisions (including storage capacities and energy transfer rates) and operational control (e.g., when to store and use thermal energy and operate the plant) are considered in an integrated manner using a simultaneous CCD strategy. The optimal design, as well as the operation of the system, are determined for an entire year (either all-at-once or through a moving prediction horizons strategy) in a large, sparse linear optimization problem. The results demonstrate both the need for optimal operation to enable a fair economic assessment of the proposed system as well as optimal sizing decisions due to sensitivity to a variety of scenarios, including different market conditions, site locations, and technology options.
A Soft Wearable Elbow Skeleton for Safe Motion Assistance by Variable Stiffness
Authors: Yi Juan , Chen Xiaojiao , Fang Zhonggui , Liu Yujia , Duanmu Dehao , Su Yinyin , Song Chaoyang , Liu Sicong , Wang Zheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wearable robots could provide external physical assist, contributing to the well-being of elderly or disabled users in accomplishing tasks or therapeutic procedures. However, closely integrating robot dynamics into human activity demands for safety, pleasance and effectiveness simultaneously, requiring both strength and compliance. Soft robotics is generally regarded as a suitable alternative to rigid motor-based actuators for their light weight and passive compliance. However, existing approaches either have predetermined and/or limited passive compliance, or have moderate payload or motion range. While proven very successful in hand actuation in terms of various robotic gloves, their fundamental limitations restrict further expansion to driving other human body parts with higher demands in payload and speed. Previously we have developed an origami soft robotic joint with high torque, customizable dimensions and motion range. In this paper, we report the most recent results on controller development and wearable system integration of the proposed soft actuator in achieving excellent variable-stiffness compliant performance with inherent safety. Using the newly proposed controller, we demonstrate that a higher stiffness leads to quicker passive recovery than human’s normal reaction, suitable in stabilizing common object; while a more submissive configuration, represented by a lower stiffness, could delay the submissive interaction time allowing for a more delicate control of the dynamics of the interaction port with further involvement of human commands, suitable for objects requiring smoother dynamics like preventing a cup of coffee from sloshing. The proposed control strategy and framework has been implemented in a 3D-scanned, 3D-printed wearable robot with elbow actuation, to demonstrate the advantages and new features through experimental results.
Investigating the Roles of Expertise and Modality in Designers’ Search for Inspirational Stimuli
Authors: Kwon Elisa , Rao Vivek , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Designers can benefit from inspirational stimuli when presented during the design process. Encountering external stimuli can also lead designers to negative design outcomes by limiting exploration of the design space and idea generation. Prior work has investigated how specific features of inspirational stimuli can be beneficial or harmful to designers. However, the processes designers use to search for and discover inspirational stimuli leading to these outcomes are less known. The objective of this work is thus to better understand how designers search for inspirational design stimuli. Specifically, we investigate how factors such as designer expertise and search modality (e.g., text vs. visual-based) impact both explicit and implicit features during the search for design stimuli. A cognitive study was completed by novice and expert designers (seven students and eight professionals), who searched for design stimuli using a novel multi-modal search platform while following a think-aloud protocol. The multi-modal search platform enabled search using text and nontext inputs, and provided design stimuli in the form of 3D-model parts. This work presents methods to describe search processes in terms of three levels: activities, behaviors, and pathways, as defined in this paper. Our findings determine that design expertise and search modality influence search behavior. Illustrative examples are presented and discussed of search processes leading designers to both negative and beneficial outcomes, such as designers fixating on specific results or benefiting unexpectedly from unintentional inspirational stimuli. Overall, this work contributes to an improved understanding of how designers search for inspiration, and key factors influencing these behaviors.
Memetic Optimizer for Structural Damage Identification Using Electromechanical Admittance
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhou Kai , Tang Jiong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electromechanical impedance-based (EMI) techniques using piezoelectric transducers are promising for structural damage identification. They can be implemented in high frequency range with small characteristic wavelengths, leading to high detection sensitivity. The impedance measured is the outcome of harmonic and stationary excitation, which makes it easier to conduct inverse analysis for damage localization and quantification. Nevertheless, the EMI data measurement points are usually limited, thus oftentimes resulting in an under-determined problem. To address this issue, damage identification process can be converted into a multi-objective optimization formulation which naturally yields multiple solutions. While this setup fits the nature of damage identification that a number of possibilities may exist under given observations/measurements, existing algorithms may suffer from premature convergence and entrapment in local extremes. Consequently, the solutions found may not cover the true damage scenario. To tackle these challenges, in this research, a series of local search strategies are tailored to enhance the global searching ability and incorporated into particle swarm-based optimization. The Q-table is utilized to help the algorithm select proper local search strategy based on the maximum Q-table values. Case studies are carried out for verification, and the results show that the proposed memetic algorithm achieves good performance in damage identification.
Neither Too Easy Nor Too Difficult: Effects of Different Success Criteria on Motor Skill Acquisition in Children
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Mohammadreza , Dehghanizade Jalal , Iwatsuki Takehiro 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different success criteria on motor learning in children. Forty-eight children threw soft-golf balls toward a circular target using their nondominant arm. On Day 1, they performed six blocks of 12 trials from 5.5 m. On Day 3, they performed a 12-trial retention test followed by a 12-trial transfer test. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: difficult criteria for success, relatively easy criteria for success (RES), easy criteria for success, and control. Results demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the RES and control groups in their throwing accuracy on the retention and transfer tests, and the RES group had the highest score compared with the other two groups. This research suggests that providing relatively easy criteria facilitates motor skill acquisition in children.