bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-enabled quantitative ultrasound techniques for tissue differentiation
Authors: Thomson Hannah , Yang Shufan , Cochran Sandy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) infers properties about tissue microstructure from backscattered radio-frequency ultrasound data. This paper describes how to implement the most practical QUS parameters using an ultrasound research system for tissue differentiation.

Methods
This study first validated chicken liver and gizzard muscle as suitable acoustic phantoms for human brain and brain tumour tissues via measurement of the speed of sound and acoustic attenuation. A total of thirteen QUS parameters were estimated from twelve samples, each using data obtained with a transducer with a frequency of 5–11 MHz. Spectral parameters, i.e., effective scatterer diameter and acoustic concentration, were calculated from the backscattered power spectrum of the tissue, and echo envelope statistics were estimated by modelling the scattering inside the tissue as a homodyned K-distribution, yielding the scatterer clustering parameter α and the structure parameter κ. Standard deviation and higher-order moments were calculated from the echogenicity value assigned in conventional B-mode images.

Results
The k-nearest neighbours algorithm was used to combine those parameters, which achieved 94.5% accuracy and 0.933 F1-score.

Conclusion
We were able to generate classification parametric images in near-real-time speed as a potential diagnostic tool in the operating room for the possible use for human brain tissue characterisation.
Fundamental investigations on the laser-melting of lignocellulosic fibres
Authors: Lull Florian , Zahel Martin , Panzner Michael , Schilling Tom 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis publication presents the results of the fundamental research on the interaction of laser radiation and lignocellulosic fibres with respect to the melting of the fibre main components cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In the first part, hand sheets made of different lignocellulosic fibres were irradiated with laser radiation from a carbon monoxide laser. Fluence-dependent interaction regimes, the dynamics of flash pyrolysis and chemical changes due to irradiation are discussed. Using a high-speed camera, an intermediate liquid state could be observed as a result of the irradiation. This is decomposed into gaseous reaction products by a highly dynamic boiling process. In addition to the time-resolved investigations, extensive FTIR studies were carried out. The second part is intended to further investigate former work on melting of cellulose. The basic idea is to combine laser radiation and mechanical pressure by compressing the sample between two steel bolts and simultaneously irradiating the joint. The processed samples show some visual indications of intermediate melting, such as increased transparency or flow behaviour. However, these can be traced back to effects that do not require a melting state.
The Mental Health of Adult Irregular Migrants to Europe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martin Fiona , Sashidharan S. P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review is to summarise the existing evidence on the mental health outcomes of adult irregular immigrants (IMs) to Europe. Database (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO) searches were conducted according to PRISMA. The risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The database searches yielded 2982 results. Eight cross-sectional studies from Western Europe were included, with 1201 participants. The prevalence of mental disorders varied between studies: depression from 8 to 86%; anxiety from 3.1 to 81%; and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from 3.4 to 57.6%. The studies had methodological flaws; in particular a risk of unrepresentative samples. There was methodological heterogeneity, therefore pooling of data, and direct comparisons were not possible. The majority of studies found higher rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD than previous estimates for the general population, and higher rates of depression and anxiety than previous estimates for other migrant groups.
A patient-reported outcome measure for patients with pituitary adenoma undergoing transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Karvandi Elika , Hanrahan John Gerrard , Khan Danyal Zaman , Boloux Pierre-Marc , Bremner Fion , Cabrilo Ivan , Dorward Neil , Grieve Joan , Jackson Sue , Jimenez Glenda , Serrano Inma , Nowak Victoria Anne , Kolias Angelos , Baldeweg Stephanie E. , Marcus Hani Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pituitary adenomas affect patients’ quality-of-life (QoL) across several domains, with long-term implications even following gross-total resection or disease remission. While clinical outcomes can assess treatment efficacy, they do not capture variations in QoL. We present the development and validation of a patient reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients with pituitary adenomas undergoing transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods
The COSMIN checklist informed the development of the pituitary outcome score (POS). Consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment for suspected pituitary adenoma at a single centre were included prospectively. An expert focus group and patient interviews informed item generation. Item reduction was conducted through exploratory factor analysis and expert consensus, followed by assessment of the tool’s validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability.

Results
96 patients with a median age of 50 years validated the POS. The final questionnaire included 25 questions with four subscales: EQ-5D-5L-QoL, Visual Symptoms, Endocrine Symptoms and Nasal Symptoms.

Conclusion
The POS is the first validated PROM for patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary adenoma. This PROM could be integrated into contemporary practice to provide patient-centred outcomes assessment for this patient group, aligning more closely with patient objectives.
Indentation and Scratching with a Rotating Adhesive Tool: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Alabd Alhafez Iyad , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor the specific case of a spherical diamond nanoparticle with 10 nm radius rolling over a planar Fe surface, we employ molecular dynamics simulation to study the processes of indentation and scratching. The particle is rotating (rolling). We focus on the influence of the adhesion force between the nanoparticle and the surface on the damage mechanisms on the surface; the adhesion is modeled by a pair potential with arbitrarily prescribed value of the adhesion strength. With increasing adhesion, the following effects are observed. The load needed for indentation decreases and so does the effective material hardness; this effect is considerably more pronounced than for a non-rotating particle. During scratching, the tangential force, and hence the friction coefficient, increase. The torque needed to keep the particle rolling adds to the total work for scratching; however, for a particle rolling without slip on the surface the total work is minimum. In this sense, a rolling particle induces the most efficient scratching process. For both indentation and scratching, the length of the dislocation network generated in the substrate reduces. After leaving the surface, the particle is (partially) covered with substrate atoms and the scratch groove is roughened. We demonstrate that these effects are based on substrate atom transport under the rotating particle from the front towards the rear; this transport already occurs for a repulsive particle but is severely intensified by adhesion.
How Dietary Fibre, Acting via the Gut Microbiome, Lowers Blood Pressure
Authors: Xu Chudan , Marques Francine Z. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To discuss the interplay behind how a high-fibre diet leads to lower blood pressure (BP) via the gut microbiome.

Recent Findings
Compelling evidence from meta-analyses support dietary fibre prevents the development of cardiovascular disease and reduces BP. This relation is due to gut microbial metabolites, called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from fibre fermentation. The SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate lower BP in independent hypertensive models. Mechanisms are diverse but still not fully understood—for example, they include G protein-coupled receptors, epigenetics, immune cells, the renin-angiotensin system and vasculature changes. Lack of dietary fibre leads to changes to the gut microbiota that drive an increase in BP. The mechanisms involved are unknown.

Summary
The intricate interplay between fibre, the gut microbiota and SCFAs may represent novel therapeutic approaches for high BP. Other gut microbiota-derived metabolites, produced when fibre intake is low, may hold potential therapeutic applications. Further translational evidence is needed.
Application of RS and GIS to Capture the Interplay of Geological Units and Watershed Development Activities: Implications on Change in Groundwater Potential with Reference to Anjeni Micro-watershed
Authors: Pandey Akanksha , Purohit Ritesh , Sharma Deepak 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the dryland areas watershed development is one of the major programs of the Government of India. Ever since its initiation (1981), large tracts of degraded lands are treated through this approach. Remote sensing (RS) is a tool that has been successfully applied to capture groundwater potentials in different regions and geological units. In this study RS & GIS tools are applied to correlate groundwater potentials with various geological controls and watershed development activities at Anjeni watershed,Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. In the study reference periods taken are year 2013 (pre-project) and 2016 (post-project). A hydro-geomorphological approach integrating remote sensing applications,field investigations, geological and hydrological studies were undertaken to delineate and study the groundwater potential along with recharge dynamics before and after intervention situation. Thematic maps were prepared through linking the RS data with morphometric characteristics, topographic analysis, land use/cover assessment and groundwater conditions.Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to integrate all the contributing factors like lithology, geomorphology, LU/LC, lineaments, drainage, and slope with the help of weighted overlay analysis. Merging the characteristics of groundwater potential, hydro-geomorphology, geology, water harvesting structures, morphometric analysis, lineament density studies, and water balance elements provide an effective approach for the delineation of potential sites for groundwater. This integrated approach has successfully captured the changes that occurred in groundwater situation of the Anjeni watershed in form of poor to very high groundwater potential zones. It establishes the importance of application of RS-GIS in flagship development program of the watershed management.
Applications of time series analysis to investigate components of Madiyan-rood river water quality
Authors: Ghashghaie Maryam , Eslami Hasan , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, 9 remaining water components of Madian River in the Baraftab were considered. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average modeling techniques are considered appropriate in creating and predicting components. SO42–, Na + and SAR show a declining fashion despite the different properties of brilliant water, which show an increasing lightness. However, practicing a delay to the position of the style desk was sure that the time group was ready for painting. Similarly, the time group study suggests that there is an unfamiliar location increase mode for all components except SO42–, Na + , and SAR. EC, Cl–, Ca2 + , Mg2 + and HCO3– show an increasing style, which is suggested to reduce the prominent water within the area. Depend on the sphere revisions, the extreme successful and relative population density, rising the use of artificial frameworks, departure city effluents and mainstream of rural manure in conservative method via streams, inopportune plans of burial litters, dispersal of nonsenses and disorders in floor waters and watercourses which later influx via streams are taken into deliberation because the important reasons of water brilliant worsening. Agronomic effluents and livestock are different causes that pollute floor water. Also, the water hazard outstanding worsening is rising because of extreme public boom with inside the area and green changes are energetic with inside the zone to exclude you larger ecological devastation.
Geochemical assessment of thermal water in Bouhanifia aquifer system: suitability for touristic therapeutic treatment
Authors: Lakrout Ali , Meddah Boumediene , Ali Rahmani Salah Eddine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe touristic balneology is an essential source to promote the economy of the region. Our study aims to identify the geochemistry, the typology and the nature of the thermal waters of Hammam Bouhanifia, a geochemical and bacteriological study was carried out in the region, 13 sources were studied. The geochemical analysis results show a high mineralization of the waters (EC varies between 1.28 and 3.26 mS/cm); high-temperature variation (26 to 65 °C) indicates a high depth emergence. The geochemical classification of waters by the piper diagram shows typical Ca–Mg waters with a dominance of sulphates. All the water points have good bacteriological quality with the exception of source No. 6, which may indicate an infiltration of domestic discharges. The thermal reservoir of Hammam Bouhanifia may represent an important source of geothermal energy in Algeria in addition to its role in the development of thermal tourism in the western region of the country.
An inter-laboratory comparison of an NLRP3 inflammasome activation assay and dendritic cell maturation assay using a nanostructured lipid carrier and a polymeric nanomedicine, as exemplars
Authors: Vandebriel Rob J. , David Christopher A. W. , Vermeulen Jolanda P. , Liptrott Neill J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanoparticles including nanomedicines are known to be recognised by and interact with the immune system. As these interactions may result in adverse effects, for safety evaluation, the presence of such interactions needs to be investigated. Nanomedicines in particular should not unintendedly interact with the immune system, since patient’s exposure is not minimised as in the case of ‘environmental’ nanoparticles, and repeated exposure may be required. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and dendritic cell (DC) maturation are two types of immune mechanisms known to be affected by nanoparticles including nanomedicines. NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as a specific type of cell death, pyroptosis. Moreover, chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been related to several chronic diseases. Upon maturation, DC activate primary T cells; interference with this process may result in inappropriate activation and skewing of the adaptive immune response. Here, we evaluated the effect of two nanomedicines, representing nanostructured lipid carriers and polymers, on these two assays. Moreover, with a view to possible future standardisation and regulatory application, these assays were subject to an inter-laboratory comparison study using common SOPs. One laboratory performed three independent NLRP3 inflammasome activation experiments, while the other performed a single experiment. Two laboratories each performed three independent DC maturation experiments. While the nanostructured lipid carrier only showed marginal effects, the polymers showed major cytotoxicity. No evidence for inflammasome activation or DC maturation was demonstrated. Intra- and inter-laboratory comparison showed clearly reproducible results.
Graphical abstract
Laboratory evaluation of four types of biochar to manage some stored product insects
Authors: Hassan Noura A. , Aly Hesham M. , Wahba Trandil F. , Shaker Nader 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFour types of biochars were prepared from rice husk as farm waste, sugarcane bagasse as sugar cane juice store waste, residues of Leucaena leucocephala tree as horticulture waste and chicken manure as chicken farm reduce at 700οC, then evaluated as a alternative to control Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephlius surinamensis and Sitophilus oryzae. The character of each type has been defined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the elemental composition and functional groups distributed on biochars surface. The elemental compositions refer to the chicken manure biochar exhibited a decrease in Carbon concentration and increase Oxygen content; there is a negative correlation between C and O contents. On the other hand, the chicken manure biochar is the only tested biochar that contains Ca, P, and Cl. The chicken manure biochar has the largest number of functional groups on its surface, the mortality of insects was recorded after 10 days which showed that the chicken manure biochar was the most effective which contains more different elements and functional groups on its surface. The most affected insects were O.surinamensis and R. dominica with mortality percentages 86.66 and 73.33. Smaller particles of chicken manure biochar were more effective than larger particles against both R. dominica and O. surinamensis, the smaller particles (1.80—0.94 µm) recorded LC50 1.29 and 0.56 g/kg against R. dominica and O. surinamensis. SEM images for the affected insects showed the adhesion of biochar particles on insect’s body parts, also, the sensilla were disappeared as a result of the friction between biochar particles and insect cuticle. Our results may indicate the promising features of biochar as an alternative method to control some stored product insects with considering the source of biochar which affect its elemental and functional groups contents. Biochar had different efficacy depending upon its moisture contents, with increased moisture the toxicity of biochar decreased.
Retrospect and prospect of ionospheric weather observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2
Authors: Liu Tiger Jann-Yenq , Lin Charles Chien‐Hung , Lin Chi‐Yen , Lee I-Te , Sun Yang-Yi , Chen Shih-Ping , Chang Fu-Yuan , Rajesh Panthalingal Krishnanunni , Hsu Chih-Ting , Matsuo Tomoko , Chen Chia-Hung , Tsai Ho‐Fang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) constellation of six micro-satellites was launched into the circular low-earth orbit at 800 km altitude with a 72-degree inclination angle on 15 April 2006, uniformly monitoring the ionosphere by the GPS (Global Positioning System) Radio Occultation (RO). Each F3/C satellite is equipped with a TIP (Tiny Ionospheric Photometer) observing 135.6 nm emissions and a TBB (Tri-Band Beacon) for conducting ionospheric tomography. More than 2000 RO profiles per day for the first time allows us globally studying three-dimensional ionospheric electron density structures and formation mechanisms of the equatorial ionization anomaly, middle-latitude trough, Weddell/Okhotsk Sea anomaly, etc. In addition, several new findings, such as plasma caves, plasma depletion bays, etc., have been reported. F3/C electron density profiles together with ground-based GPS total electron contents can be used to monitor, nowcast, and forecast ionospheric space weather. The S4 index of GPS signal scintillations recorded by F3/C is useful for ionospheric irregularities monitoring as well as for positioning, navigation, and communication applications. F3/C was officially decommissioned on 1 May 2020 and replaced by FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2). F7/C2 constellation of six small satellites was launched into the circular low-Earth orbit at 550 km altitude with a 24-degree inclination angle on 25 June 2019. F7/C2 carries an advanced TGRS (Tri Gnss (global navigation satellite system) Radio occultation System) instrument, which tracks more than 4000 RO profiles per day. Each F7/C2 satellite also has a RFB (Radio Reference Beacon) on board for ionospheric tomography and an IVM (Ion Velocity Meter) for measuring ion temperature, velocity, and density. F7/C2 TGRS, IVM, and RFB shall continue to expand the F3/C success in the ionospheric space weather forecasting.
Hefei Mandarin
Authors: Kong Huifang , Wu Shengyi , Li Mingxing 
Published: July 2022

Hefei Mandarin is a Chinese dialect spoken in Hefei, the capital city of Anhui Province, China, as illustrated in Figure 1. According to The Language Atlas of China (1987), Hefei Mandarin is a sub-branch of Jianghuai Mandarin, i.e. the varieties of Mandarin dialects distributed between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. While its syllable structure is relatively simple, Hefei Mandarin has a rich vowel inventory and various types of rimes, including three contrastive high back vowels /ɯ o ɤ/, non-nasalized vs. nasalized vowels as syllable rimes such as /i/ vs. /ĩ/, and three syllabic consonants [ɹ̩ ɹ̩ʷ ɻ̩] (Li 1936; Meng 1962, 1997; Li 1994, 1997; Wang 1996; Kong 2003, 2004, 2006; Kong & Zhang 2006; Kong, Wu & Li 2019).
Evaluating the effectiveness of a universal eHealth school-based prevention programme for depression and anxiety, and the moderating role of friendship network characteristics
Authors: Andrews Jack L. , Birrell Louise , Chapman Cath , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola , Allsop Steve , McBride Nyanda , Hides Leanne , Andrews Gavin , Olsen Nick , Mewton Louise , Slade Tim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLifetime trajectories of mental ill-health are often established during adolescence. Effective interventions to prevent the emergence of mental health problems are needed. In the current study we assessed the efficacy of the cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-informed Climate Schools universal eHealth preventive mental health programme, relative to a control. We also explored whether the intervention had differential effects on students with varying degrees of social connectedness.MethodWe evaluated the efficacy of the Climate Schools mental health programme (19 participating schools; average age at baseline was 13.6) v. a control group (18 participating schools; average age at baseline was 13.5) which formed part of a large cluster randomised controlled trial in Australian schools. Measures of internalising problems, depression and anxiety were collected at baseline, immediately following the intervention and at 6-, 12- and 18-months post intervention. Immediately following the intervention, 2539 students provided data on at least one outcome of interest (2065 students at 18 months post intervention).ResultsCompared to controls, we found evidence that the standalone mental health intervention improved knowledge of mental health, however there was no evidence that the intervention improved other mental health outcomes, relative to a control. Student's social connectedness did not influence intervention outcomes.ConclusionThese results are consistent with recent findings that universal school-based, CBT-informed, preventive interventions for mental health have limited efficacy in improving symptoms of anxiety and depression when delivered alone. We highlight the potential for combined intervention approaches, and more targeted interventions, to better improve mental health outcomes.