bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercially available unoccupied aerial systems for monitoring harmful algal blooms: A comparative study
Authors: Fernandez‐Figueroa Edna G. , Wilson Alan E. , Rogers Stephanie R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReliable remote sensing platforms and methods for monitoring phytoplankton are needed for mitigating the detrimental impacts of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms on small inland waterbodies. Commercial unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) present an affordable high‐resolution solution for the rapid assessment of cyanobacterial abundance in small aquatic systems by recording the reflectance of photosynthetic pigments found in all phytoplankton (i.e., chlorophyll a [Chl a]) and those related to cyanobacteria (i.e., phycocyanin). This study evaluates the performance of four sensors, including visible light spectra (red, green, blue ‐ [RGB]) sensors on the Phantom 4 and Phantom 4 Professional platforms, the MAPIR Survey3W modified multispectral (i.e., near‐infrared, green, blue) sensor, and the Parrott Sequoia multispectral (i.e., green, red, near‐infrared, red‐edge) sensor for estimating cyanobacterial abundance. The performance of each sensor was determined by comparing 26 vegetation indices to Chl a and phycocyanin measurements of 54 ponds that varied in size and productivity. Vegetation indices that included the red and near‐infrared wavelengths generated from Parrot Sequoia aerial images provided the best Chl a (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, r2 = 0.79, p < 0.0001) and phycocyanin (i.e., Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, r2 = 0.64, p < 0.0001) estimates. The RGB sensors were moderately effective for estimating Chl a, whereas the MAPIR Survey3W generated poor estimates of both pigments due to differences in recorded wavelengths. Results suggest commercial multiband multispectral UAS sensors provide a low‐cost, plug‐and‐play alternative for managers and researchers interested in integrating remote sensing tools for quantitatively estimating phytoplankton abundance in small inland systems.
High‐Sensitivity, Long‐Durability, and Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on the Polypyrrole/Reduced Graphene Oxide/(Fabric–Sponge–Fabric) for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Cheng Haonan , Xu Bo , Yang Kun , Yin Yun jie , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFabrics are among the best ideal materials for fabricating low‐cost flexible pressure sensors due to their outstanding air permeability, flexibility, and micro/nanorough structure. However, most of the fabric‐based pressure sensors suffer from poor stability, which severely limits their applications in the real life. In the previous work, the pressure sensor assembled from polyester fabric and polyurethane sponge in an integrated design shows good stability. Herein, a novel type of wearable pressure sensors with high sensitivity and long durability is prepared by the unique combination of a dense integrated material consisting of nylon fabric–latex sponge–nylon fabric (FSF), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and in‐situ‐formed polypyrrole (PPy). Benefiting from the excellent electrical conductivity, compression performance, and piezoresistive property, the obtained PPy/rGO/FSF pressure sensor exhibits low operating voltage (1.0 V), high sensitivity (0.51 kPa−1), long durability (over 7500 cycles), as well as short response time (243 ms). As a result, the pressure sensor demonstrates high performance in monitoring human activities such as wrist pulses, exhalation/inhalation, head shaking, knee bending, and finger bending, indicating its great potential in human health monitoring and human–computer interaction.
Criteria for judging the immune markers of COVID‐19 disease vaccines
Authors: Lin Nan , Fu Haoxuan , Pu Dan , Quan Yuxin , Li Yueyi , Yin Xiaomeng , Wei Yuhao , Wang Hang , Ma Xuelei , Wei Xiawei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) sweeping the world, effective and affordable vaccines are in urgent need. A reliable system for the assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines would boost the development of vaccines and reduce the research cost. We constructed a logistic regression model and analyzed the relationship between antibody (Ab) level and efficacy of different vaccine types. The relationship between assessment dates and Ab levels was depicted by plotting the mean of Ab levels evolved over time and a fitted cubic polynomial model. Anti‐spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) could best estimate the vaccine efficacy (VE) (adjusted R2 = 0.731) and neutralizing Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2 also explained a fine relationship (adjusted R2 = 0.577). Neutralizing Abs to live SARS‐CoV‐2 in inactivated virus vaccines reached a peak during days 40–60, and their receptor‐binding domain (RBD)‐IgG peaked during days 40–50. For messenger RNA (mRNA) and viral vector vaccines, their neutralizing Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2 peaked later than day 40, and for RBD‐IgG during days 30–50. For mRNA and viral vector vaccines, their peak time of Abs was later than that in inactivated virus vaccines. RBD‐IgG peaked earlier than Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2. Anti‐spike IgG and Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2 may be good immune markers for VE assessment.
Brainstem Biomarkers of Clinical Variant and Pathology in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Grijalva Rosalie M. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Huang Qiao , Martin Peter R. , Ali Farwa , Clark Heather M. , Duffy Joseph R. , Utianski Rene L. , Botha Hugo , Machulda Mary M. , Weigand Stephen D. , Ahlskog J. Eric , Dickson Dennis W. , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance brainstem measurements are useful structural biomarkers in the Richardson's syndrome variant of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, it is unclear how these biomarkers differ across the phenotypic spectrum of PSP and how they relate to underlying pathology.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare brainstem imaging measures across clinical variants of PSP and determine sensitivity and specificity based on pathologically diagnosed cases.MethodsA total of 153 patients with PSP who represented eight clinical variants were recruited at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA) and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Midbrain and pons area and superior and middle cerebellar peduncle width measurements were performed, and midbrain/pons ratio and Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index (MRPI) were calculated. Among the 43 patients who later died, PSP pathology was confirmed in 29, whereas 14 had other pathology.ResultsBrainstem measurements varied across PSP clinical variants and were most abnormal in PSP‐Richardson's syndrome and frontal variants, followed by PSP‐corticobasal, PSP‐speech/language, and PSP‐parkinsonism variants. All these variants showed abnormalities compared with controls. The PSP‐gait freezing variant and patients with prominent corticospinal tract signs showed normal brainstem measures. Among cases with confirmed PSP pathology, the midbrain area, midbrain/pons ratio, and MRPI were all more abnormal compared to those with other pathologies, with best differentiation obtained with the MRPI (sensitivity = 83%; specificity = 85%).ConclusionsMRI brainstem measures show utility as diagnostic biomarkers across PSP clinical variants and have the potential to be useful in predicting underlying pathology. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dual nuclear magnetic resonance for probing intrinsic bone structure and a potential gut–bone axis in ovariectomized rats
Authors: He Weiwei , Jakobsen Louise M. A. , Zachariassen Line F. , Hansen Axel K. , Andersen Henrik J. , Bertram Hanne Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCurrently, the existence of a gut–bone axis receives massive attention, and while sound premises and indirect proofs exist for the gut–bone axis concept, few studies have provided actual data linking the gut and bone physically. This study aimed to exploit the versatile nature of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to link NMR relaxometry data on bone mineralization with NMR spectroscopic profiling of gut metabolites. For this purpose, sample material was obtained from a 6‐week intervention study with ovariectomized (OVX) rats (n = 49) fed with seven different diets varying in calcium content (0.2–6.0 mg/kg) and prebiotic fiber content (0–5.0% w/w). This design ensured a span in (i) calcium available for bone mineralization and (ii) metabolic activity in the gut. After termination of the intervention, longitudinal (T1), transverse (T2) relaxation, and mechanical bone strength were measured on the excised femur bones. A PLS model with high predictability (Q2 = 0.86, R2 = 0.997) was demonstrated between T2 decay curves and femur mechanical strength. Correlations were established between bone T2 populations and gut short‐chain fatty acids. In conclusion, the present dual NMR approach showed strong correlation between T2 relaxation and mechanical strength of the bone, and when metabolic activity in the gut was modulated by inulin, the potential existence of a gut–bone axis was demonstrated.
Repeatability and robustness of MP‐GRASP T1 mapping
Authors: Li Zhitao , Xu Xiang , Yang Yang , Feng Li 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo demonstrate the repeatability of fast 3D T1 mapping using Magnetization‐Prepared Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel (MP‐GRASP) MRI and its robustness to variation of imaging parameters including flip angle and spatial resolution in phantoms and the brain.Theory and MethodsMultiple imaging experiments were performed to (1) assess the robustness of MP‐GRASP T1 mapping to B1 inhomogeneity using a single tube phantom filled with uniform MnCl2 liquid; (2) compare the repeatability of T1 mapping between MP‐GRASP and inversion recovery‐based spin‐echo (IR‐SE; over 12 scans), using a commercial T1MES phantom; (3) evaluate the longitudinal variation of T1 estimation using MP‐GRASP with varying imaging parameters, including spatial resolution, flip angle, TR/TE, and acceleration rate, using the T1MES phantom (106 scans performed over a period of 12 months); and (4) evaluate the variation of T1 estimation using MP‐GRASP with varying imaging parameters in the brain (24 scans in a single visit). In addition, the accuracy of MP‐GRASP T1 mapping was also validated against IR‐SE by performing linear correlation and calculating the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).ResultsMP‐GRASP demonstrates good robustness to B1 inhomogeneity, with intra‐slice variability below 1% in the single tube phantom experiment. The longitudinal variability is good both in the phantom (below 2.5%) and in the brain (below 2%) with varying imaging parameters. The T1 values estimated from MP‐GRASP are accurate compared to that from the IR‐SE imaging (R2 = 0.997, Lin’s CCC = 0.996).ConclusionMP‐GRASP shows excellent repeatability of T1 estimation over time, and it is also robust to variation of different imaging parameters evaluated in this study.
Numerical and experimental study on dynamics of the planar mechanical system considering two revolute clearance joints
Authors: Bai Zhengfeng , Xu Fusong , Zhao Jijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to assembly, wear and manufacturing errors and clearance in the joints are inevitable. When the clearance is introduced into a mechanical system, the impact force in the clearance joint will cause undesirable vibration of the system. In this paper, the dynamic responses of the mechanical system with two revolute clearance joints are studied using computational and experimental methodology. The clearance joint is considered as force constraint. The normal contact force and tangential friction force between the journal and bearing in a clearance joint are modeled using a nonlinear contact force model considering energy loss and a modified Coulomb friction model considering a dynamic friction coefficient, respectively. A planar slider‐crank mechanism with two revolute clearance joints is used to implement the study. The dynamic responses obtained from numerical simulation are compared with the experimental test. Numerical simulations and experimental tests for different clearance sizes and crank speeds are presented and discussed, respectively. The simulation results agree quite well with those of the experiment for different cases, which proves the accuracy and efficiency of the computational method for dynamics analysis of the mechanical system with two revolute clearance joints in this study. The investigation indicates that the clearances in revolute joints significantly affect the dynamic characteristics of mechanical systems, which must be considered in the precision analysis, design, and control of multibody systems, especially for high‐speed machinery.
One kind of transverse isotropic strength criterion and the transformation stress space
Authors: Wan Zheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Cao Wei , Wang Yujia , Xie Liyu , Fang Yufei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe geomaterials with original anisotropic properties formed in the natural process are usually simplified as a kind of cross‐anisotropic material. The spatial location of the depositional plane (DP) and the effective spatial mobilized plane (ESMP) in physical space is closely related to anisotropic properties; thus, the inclined angle between DP and ESMP is taken as a primary parameter governing the strength degree of geomaterial anisotropy. According to the concept of ESMP, the frictional capacity can be more effectively mobilized when the inclined angle between DP and ESMP is larger, inducing a higher stress strength. In this study, a new stress strength formula is proposed for geomaterials, which takes the cross‐anisotropic properties into account. The transformation strategy can be regarded as a strength criterion describing the convert of transversely isotropic behavior formula into an isotropic von Mises criterion formula. Based on the cross‐anisotropy strength criterion, the transformed stress (TS) equation can be derived by transforming the cross‐anisotropy stress space to the isotropic stress space. By using the proposed TS method, it is convenient to convert the traditional two‐dimensional (2D) constitutive models on the basis of the Von‐Mises criterion to the general three‐dimensional (3D) models considering cross‐anisotropy. Comparing the predicted and the tested results of strength and stress‐strain relationship tests for geomaterials under the true triaxial loading condition, the validity and the applicability of the proposed TS method with related criterion can be ensured.
A Newton‐type method for two‐dimensional eigenvalue problems
Authors: Lu Tianyi , Su Yangfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional eigenvalue problems (2DEVP) equations in complex Hermitian case contain complex quadratic forms which is non‐holomorphic. In this case, standard Newton method fails to apply. An existing strategy to solve this problem is to transform them into real problems (TRN). However, this method doubles the size of equations and thus is time consuming. On the other hand, the non‐isolation of the solution set in 2DEVP also complicates the analysis. In this article, we propose a Newton type method which solves the problem caused by non‐holomophism and non‐isolation. It has locally quadratic convergence rate and is about at least twice as much efficient as TRN. We hope our ideas can provide insights for solving other problems including non‐holomorphism and non‐isolation. We apply our algorithm to calculate the distance to instability. Numerical experiments show its advantages in efficiency while keeping good convergence compared with the current state of art algorithms.
From multi‐physics models to neural network for predictive control synthesis
Authors: Blaud Pierre Clément , Chevrel Philippe , Claveau Fabien , Haurant Pierrick , Mouraud Anthony 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this document is to present an efficient and systematic method of model‐based predictive control synthesis. Model predictive control requires using a model of a dynamical system, that can be linear, time‐varying, non‐linear, or identified from data. Finding a model that is both precise and simulatable at low computational cost can be challenging and time consuming due to requiring extensive knowledge of the system and physics as well as a large volume of data with relevant scenarios and sometimes a complicated identification work. (filtering noises and bias, data formatting, etc.) The proposed methodology begins with fine‐scale multi‐physics modeling, which is possible thanks to open model libraries (see Modelica). The obtained model is then simulated by considering ad hoc scenarios to generate data, which are then used to identify a neural network, that will support the predictive control syntheses. The systematic methodology is detailed and applied to the widely used control benchmark known as the quadruple tanks process. Results show that the methodology is accurately applied to optimize hyperparameters in finding a neural network model and to control the quadruple tanks process with the predictive controller.
Mathematically described model of poly(glycerol maleate) cross‐linking process using triethylenetetramine addition
Authors: Kolankowski Krzysztof , Gadomska‐Gajadhur Agnieszka , Wrzecionek Michał , Ruśkowski Paweł 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently intensive development of tissue engineering has been noticeable. It has caused a considerable rise in scientists' interest in biomaterials, which build scaffolds. Beneficial are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. Due to its structure, poly(glycerol maleate) (PGMal) can be such a material. The structure of this polymer has a reactive double bond group on which precious modification reactions can occur. This article aimed to optimize the process of cross‐linking PGMal using triethylenetetramine. The reaction was investigated without and with a solvent. Due to the high viscosity of the polymer, it was decided to carry out the optimisation in the solvent variant (in tetrahydrofuran). A central, compositional, two‐component plan was used to optimize the process. The optimizing value was the degree of conversion, calculated based on the proton nuclear resonance spectrum. Its maximization was sought. High‐conversion rates were obtained during the tests. The aza‐Michael addition turns out to be a priceless reaction to modify unsaturated polyesters. Selectivity is noticeable in solvent‐free variants. Complete substitution to maleic fragments and partial substitution to fumaric fragments was observed. No selectivity was observed in the presence of THF.
Durability of biopolymeric composites formulated with fillers from a by‐product of coffee roasting
Authors: Sisti Laura , Totaro Grazia , Rosato Antonella , Bozzi Cionci Nicole , Di Gioia Diana , Barbieri Luisa , Saccani Andrea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParticulate composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biopolymers have been formulated. Silver skin (SSK), the by‐product derived from the roasting of coffee beans, has been milled to micrometric size and added up to a 30 wt% of loading, without any previous treatment. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites have been investigated, as well as the stability toward UV and IR radiation. The filler improves some mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus (E′) mostly in PBS. Photoaging experiments demonstrate that SSK, due to its polyphenols content and antioxidant activity, is able to protect both PLA and PBS from UV degradation, highlighting an added value of SSK waste‐based composites.
Mechanically robust and self‐healing waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites based on inorganic organic hybrid materials and reversible covalent interaction
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Junhuai , Wang Haoliang , Yang Shiwen , Wang Haibo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEndowing waterborne polyurethane (WPU) materials with mechanically reinforced and self‐healing property is a pressing issue for expanding practical applications. In this article, we proposed a simple method to give WPU with self‐healing properties while improving the mechanical properties. First, furfuryl‐modified silica nanoparticles (furan@SiO2) with high functionality and excellent dispersibility were prepared by the sol–gel method. Furan@SiO2 was then introduced into the side‐hanging maleimide WPU to form a thermally reversible inorganic–organic network (WMSPUS‐x) based on the Diels‐Alder reaction. The morphologies and properties of furan@SiO2 and WMSPUS‐x emulsions were analyzed by TEM and DLS, demonstrating the excellent dispersion of furan@SiO2 and the storage stability of emulsions. The cross‐linking density of the nanocomposites was varied by the furan@SiO2 contents, and the effects of cross‐linking density on mechanical and self‐healing properties were systematically investigated. In addition, the thermal stability of WMSPUS‐x nanocomposites was significantly improved shown by TGA results. Finally, qualitative and quantitative studies of the self‐healing process were carried out to verify that WMSPUS‐x nanocomposites possess great self‐healing capacity. The outcomes indicate that WMSPUS‐x nanocomposites have great potential for application as a smart material.
Asset/mechanical integrity: A PSM element that still bedevils
Authors: Hazzan Michael J. , Min Ken W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the original version of this paper was published at the CCPS conference in 2006, the quality and health of asset integrity/mechanical integrity (AI/MI) programs in the process safety community have improved. However, it continues to be a difficult element to develop and implement. In many respects, it is still the “last frontier” of process safety and has been the last element to be fully addressed in the PSM community. This is not to say that inspection, testing, and preventive maintenance and other related activities that are part of AI/MI programs do not exist at facilities with process safety programs. Preventive and predictive maintenance programs have existed in the chemical/process industry for many years. What has been lacking in some cases are complete integrated AI/MI management system programs that address all of the subelements of AI/MI. There are several reasons for this continuing situation:
Understanding the requirements.
Which RAGAGEPs are relevant?
Common difficulties with mechanical integrity.
The impacts of process safety culture.
River conversations: A confluence of lessons and emergence from the Taieri River and the Nechako River
Authors: Parkes Margot W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrawing on ongoing patterns of learning and relationship, this paper offers a reflection and acknowledgement on the notable influence of two rivers and their role as respected and highly valued “eco‐social elders”: The Taieri River in Otago, New Zealand, and the Nechako River in northern British Columbia, Canada. The paper is motivated by the question: “If a river has ‘voice’, what can be learned from the emergence arising from rivers ‘in conversation’?”. At the heart of the reflection are the themes of confluence and emergence—ways in which we grasp the coming together of things, especially when that combination is more than the sum of their parts. The paper aims to explore a “conversation” between the river teachings of the Taieri River and the Nechako River, identifying examples of patterns and connections between distinct river “voices,” and how these may contribute to emergence and ongoing conversations among different rivers and their teachings. The paper commences with an introduction to both rivers, identifying points of direct comparison and contrast, then moving to explore themes of confluence, weaving and emergence, combining ecological, metaphorical, and personal perspectives. The conversation then progresses downstream to river–ocean relationships, reflecting on rivers as eco‐social elders that inspire conversations, provide a sense of home, and offer a point of reference to consider the wider influence on rivers and waterways on the health of diverse species within catchments and across the planet.