bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of chrome plating by diamond-like carbon coating with different silicon-based interlayers
Authors: Lakhonchai Anthika , Chingsungnoen Artit , Poolcharuansin Phitsanu , Chanlek Narong , Tunmee Sarayut , Rittihong Ukit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the silicon-based interlayers for hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) coating on a chromium-plated substrate are presented. The a-Si, a-Si:N, a-Si:H and a-SixCy:H interlayers with a thickness of about 306 nm were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering technique. The a-C:H films with a thickness of about 317 nm was prepared as a top layer by radio frequency-plasma chemical vapor deposition. The a-C:H films with silicon-based interlayers were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field emission-secondary electron microscopy, nanoindentation, micro-scratching, and electrochemical corrosion measurements in terms of their structure, morphology, mechanical and adhesive properties, and corrosion resistance. The a-C:H films with an a-Si:H interlayer exhibit the lowest corrosion current density, which is about 36 times lower than that of the uncoated chromium-plated substrate. In addition, the hardness increases from 8.48 GPa for the uncoated substrate to 20.98 GPa for the a-C:H/a-Si:H sample. The mixing with hydrogen gas could reduce the residual oxygen during the deposition process, which could reduce the Si–O bonding and improve the adhesion strength between the a-C:H film and the a-Si:H interlayer and the a-Si:H interlayer and the substrate. Therefore, it can be concluded that the protective a-C:H coating with an a-Si:H interlayer has excellent potential to significantly improve the durability and extend the service life of materials used in abrasive and corrosive environments.
Surface modification of aluminum alloy 6061 by embedding B4C particles via friction stir processing
Authors: Yelamasetti Balram , Kumar P Naveen , G Venkat Ramana , Saxena Kuldeep K , Msomi Velaphi , H M Vishwanatha , Behera Ajit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aluminum alloy-based surface composites have been in numerous applications since the introduction of the Friction Stir Processing (FSP) method to develop multifunctional properties owing to its ease of use and control in process parameters to obtain desired properties. AA6061-T651 is used as a substitute for AA6082 in structural applications due to its higher strength in comparison. To further improve the surface properties of AA6061, the friction stir processing technique was employed to reinforce Boron Carbide (B4C) particles by the Blind-Hole method. To achieve uniformity in distribution, FSP with a different direction strategy has been adopted. The surfaces thus developed were characterized using Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The grain size measurement was made on the processed samples using Heyn lineal intercept method. Tension and microhardness tests were also conducted to study the change in mechanical properties. The dark carbide zones with clear boundaries were identified in single pass processed specimens. Uniformity in the B4C distribution was observed on the dual-pass surface. In addition, Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) results have shown the presence of B4C embedded regions in the nugget zones along with the AA6061 matrix. Higher ultimate tensile strength was observed with the single-pass processed surface by 11% than the dual-pass processed surface.
Behavior of multiple modes before and during minor disruption with the external resonant magnetic perturbations on J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: HUANG Mingxiang , REN Zhengkang , MAO Feiyue , YANG Zhoujun , GAO Yuan , ZHANG Zhichao , HE Shunfan , LI Guoliang , FAN Jinrong , TIAN Wei , WANG Nengchao , CHEN Zhipeng , DING Yonghua , PAN Yuan , CHEN Zhongyong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The behavior of multiple modes before and during minor disruption with the external resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has been studied on a J-TEXT tokamak. The main component of RMPs is m/n = 2/1, where m and n are the numbers of the poloidal and toroidal modes, respectively. During the mode-locking caused by RMPs, it is found that before a minor or a major disruption (if there is no minor disruption), strong oscillations in both electron temperature and density occur if the edge safety factor q

a
> 3. The analysis shows that the oscillations are caused by the m/n = 3/1 mode. In addition, using the ECE, Mirnov coils and 2D electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic systems, it is found that a thermal collapse occurs on the inner side of the 2/1 magnetic island during the minor disruption, and before the collapse, a 3/2 island increases, after the collapse, the 3/2 island may disappear. Moreover, the study also shows that these 3/1, 2/1 and 3/2 modes play roles in the thermal collapse of disruptions.
Visualization of energy-environment-economy system research characteristics and hotspots evolution trends based on CiteSpace
Authors: Kao Xiaoxuan , Wang Wensheng , Kao Qingyun , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the recovery of the world economy, the increase in energy demand, global environmental pollution, climate change, and many other contradictory issues, after China proposed the Double-Carbon goal, research on the Energy-Environment-Economy system has attracted much attention. Through the visual analysis of Energy-Environment-Economy research literature, this paper provides scholars committed to this field with research characteristics and hotspots evolution trends in this field, and provides a direction guidance and practical method reference for subsequent research on Energy-Environment-Economy system-related issues. This study selected the literature from the Energy-Environment-Economy system field of Web of Science and CNKI database for nearly 20 years, uses CiteSpace to conduct research bibliometrics and visual analysis, and explores the main characteristics, research hotspots, and evolution trends of Energy-Environment-Economy system in Chinese and English. The research found that: ① there are many research results on Energy-Environment-Economy systems, and the research interest in the field of Energy-Environment-Economy systems continues to rise; ② the number of documents and research institutions in China ranks first in the world, and the influence of research results needs to be improved; ③ the hot topics of research topics in each period are bright, research hotspots evolve from single subsystems to systemic issues; ④ the attention to environment and climate change has increased significantly, and the evolutionary characteristics of research hotspots are in line with the development trend in reality.
An environmental cost basis for regulating aviation NOx emissions
Authors: Miller Cassandra J , Prashanth Prakash , Allroggen Florian , Grobler Carla , Sabnis Jayant S , Speth Raymond L , Barrett Steven R H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Combustion in aircraft engines results in the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2), among other species. NOx impacts air quality and is an indirect contributor to radiative forcing, while CO2 is a long-lived greenhouse gas. The International Civil Aviation Organization sets limits on NOx emissions from commercial aircraft, where for engines with a rated thrust greater than 89 kN the allowable NOx production per unit rated thrust is defined as a function of engine overall pressure ratio (OPR). This definition links the engine thermodynamic cycle, and implicitly fuel burn and CO2 emissions, to allowable NOx levels. These regulations have historically been evaluated and implemented with a focus on reducing adverse air quality impacts around airports, but the thermodynamic efficiency tradeoff with CO2 requires additional analysis to quantify net environmental impacts. This paper introduces a social cost basis for evaluating aviation NOx emissions regulations and quantifies the implied CO2 and NOx attributable air quality damage, climate damage, and fuel costs associated with the emissions standard. We show that higher overall pressure ratio engines operating at the current NOx regulatory limit are allowed more environmental damage per unit rated thrust than lower overall pressure ratio engines, resulting in variable social costs per unit thrust (i.e. fuel and environmental costs combined) across the engine design space. This is a consequence of the definition of the regulation today, where higher pressure ratio engines are allowed higher NOx emissions. Alternative regulation definitions are evaluated which consider the engine cycle and combustor together. Achieving constant social costs requires a regulatory limit where the increase in allowed NOx emissions tapers off at higher pressure ratios, corresponding to the diminishing marginal efficiency improvements due to increasing OPR in that region.
Dispersive interactions between standard and Dirac materials and the role of dimensionality
Authors: Le Dai-Nam , Rodriguez-Lopez Pablo , Woods Lilia M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The van der Waals (vdW) interaction plays a prominent role between neutral objects at separations where short ranged chemical forces are negligible. This type of dispersive coupling is determined by the interplay between geometry and response properties of the materials making up the objects. Here, we investigate the vdW interaction between 1D, 2D, and 3D standard and Dirac materials within the Random Phase Approximation, which takes into account collective excitations originating from the electronic Coulomb potential. A comprehensive understanding of characteristic functionalities and scaling laws are obtained for systems with parabolic energy dispersion (standard materials) and crossing linear bands (Dirac materials). By comparing the quantum mechanical and thermal limits the onset of thermal fluctuations in the vdW interaction is discussed showing that thermal effects are significantly pronounced at smaller scales in reduced dimensions.
The impact of frailty on short-term mortality following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis
Authors: Cook Michael J , Lunt Mark , Board Timothy , O’Neill Terence W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
We determined the association between frailty and short-term mortality following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) for osteoarthritis and also the impact of THA/TKA on short-term mortality compared with a control population.

Methods
Frailty was assessed using a frailty index (categorised: fit, mild, moderate, severe frailty). The association between frailty and short-term mortality following THA/TKA was assessed using Cox regression. Mortality following THA/TKA was also compared with a control population with osteoarthritis but no previous THA/TKA, matched on year of birth, sex and quintile of index of multiple deprivation.

Results
A total of 103,563 cases who had a THA, 125,367 who had a TKA and matched controls contributed. Among those who had surgery, mortality increased with increasing frailty; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) at 30 days in severely frail versus fit: following THA, 2.85 (1.84, 4.39) and following TKA, 2.14 (1.29, 3.53). The predicted probability of 30-day mortality following THA/TKA varied by age, sex and frailty: following THA, from 0.05% among fit women aged 60–64 years to 6.55% among men with severe frailty aged ≥90 years. All-cause 30-day mortality was increased in fit cases following THA and TKA, respectively, versus fit controls (adjusted HR (95% CI), 1.60 (1.15, 2.21) and 2.98 (1.81, 4.89)), though not among cases with mild, moderate or severe frailty versus controls in the same frailty category.

Conclusion
Short-term mortality increased with increasing frailty following THA/TKA. Comparison of mortality among cases and controls may be affected by a ‘healthy surgery’ selection effect.
Pathology Residency Curricula
Authors: Katsakhyan Levon , Preciado Christopher , Baloch Zubair W 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo perform a systematic review of the published literature on pathology graduate medical education, with a focus on novel educational curricula.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed and Embase databases for relevant articles published between 2000 and 2021.ResultsWe analyzed 612 articles and selected 19 peer-reviewed, full-length, English language articles published between 2003 and 2021 describing unique curricula for final review. Details on the general characteristics, conceptualization, design, implementation, and assessment were collected and discussed.ConclusionsThis systematic review highlights a recent increase in published curricular endeavors specifically addressing topics of educational need that are otherwise not commonly taught in traditional residency training. Curricula are diverse in their teaching methods, implementation, and originating institutions. The lack of meaningful evaluated outcomes and available curricular materials may hinder wider use of such curricula; these should be considered by future pathology educators undertaking their design.
Helium Plasma-Assisted Breast Reduction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Moncada Seraphine , Nichols Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy are currently some of the most performed breast procedures. Techniques typically involve deepithelialization of the nipple-areola complex pedicle. Traditionally, scalpel or scissor dissection is performed below the basal skin layer to remove the germinal epithelium but above the subcutis to preserve the subdermal vascular plexus. Deepithelialization thus leaves a strong dermal “leash” for the pedicle while preserving the subdermal blood supply. This process is time intensive and bloody, and often an assistant is required for countertraction. Previously, authors have described laser-assisted breast reduction surgery as an alternative to traditional cold knife techniques. The advent of helium plasma generators offers another option for deepithelialization. This study is a preliminary assessment of the safety and efficacy of this application.

Objectives
The authors performed a prospective pilot study of 10 patients who underwent outpatient, inferior pedicle, breast reduction mammaplasty, or mastopexy surgery by a single surgeon. Outcomes were assessed for safety and efficacy. Representative tissue samples were evaluated by an independent pathology group.

Methods
All patients received standard outpatient perioperative care. Deepithelialization was performed using the Renuvion helium plasma device (Apyx Medical, Clearwater, FL), and standard breast reduction or mastopexy was performed.

Results
No major complications occurred in our series. Minor complications occurred in 1 patient (10%). No inclusion cysts were recorded in any patients.

Conclusions
Helium plasma energy for deepithelialization in breast reduction was found to be safe, efficient, and effective. Decreased operating room time and blood loss suggest that helium plasma is a potential alternative for surgeons who have access to this technology.

Level of Evidence: 5
BITES: balanced individual treatment effect for survival data
Authors: Schrod S , Schäfer A , Solbrig S , Lohmayer R , Gronwald W , Oefner P J , Beißbarth T , Spang R , Zacharias H U , Altenbuchinger M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivationEstimating the effects of interventions on patient outcome is one of the key aspects of personalized medicine. Their inference is often challenged by the fact that the training data comprises only the outcome for the administered treatment, and not for alternative treatments (the so-called counterfactual outcomes). Several methods were suggested for this scenario based on observational data, i.e. data where the intervention was not applied randomly, for both continuous and binary outcome variables. However, patient outcome is often recorded in terms of time-to-event data, comprising right-censored event times if an event does not occur within the observation period. Albeit their enormous importance, time-to-event data are rarely used for treatment optimization. We suggest an approach named BITES (Balanced Individual Treatment Effect for Survival data), which combines a treatment-specific semi-parametric Cox loss with a treatment-balanced deep neural network; i.e. we regularize differences between treated and non-treated patients using Integral Probability Metrics (IPM).ResultsWe show in simulation studies that this approach outperforms the state of the art. Furthermore, we demonstrate in an application to a cohort of breast cancer patients that hormone treatment can be optimized based on six routine parameters. We successfully validated this finding in an independent cohort.Availability and implementationWe provide BITES as an easy-to-use python implementation including scheduled hyper-parameter optimization (https://github.com/sschrod/BITES). The data underlying this article are available in the CRAN repository at https://rdrr.io/cran/survival/man/gbsg.html and https://rdrr.io/cran/survival/man/rotterdam.html.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distributed brain co-processor for tracking spikes, seizures and behaviour during electrical brain stimulation
Authors: Sladky Vladimir , Nejedly Petr , Mivalt Filip , Brinkmann Benjamin H , Kim Inyong , St. Louis Erik K , Gregg Nicholas M , Lundstrom Brian N , Crowe Chelsea M , Attia Tal Pal , Crepeau Daniel , Balzekas Irena , Marks Victoria S , Wheeler Lydia P , Cimbalnik Jan , Cook Mark , Janca Radek , Sturges Beverly K , Leyde Kent , Miller Kai J , Van Gompel Jamie J , Denison Timothy , Worrell Gregory A , Kremen Vaclav 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Early implantable epilepsy therapy devices provided open-loop electrical stimulation without brain sensing, computing, or an interface for synchronized behavioural inputs from patients. Recent epilepsy stimulation devices provide brain sensing but have not yet developed analytics for accurately tracking and quantifying behaviour and seizures. Here we describe a distributed brain co-processor providing an intuitive bi-directional interface between patient, implanted neural stimulation and sensing device, and local and distributed computing resources. Automated analysis of continuous streaming electrophysiology is synchronized with patient reports using a handheld device and integrated with distributed cloud computing resources for quantifying seizures, interictal epileptiform spikes and patient symptoms during therapeutic electrical brain stimulation. The classification algorithms for interictal epileptiform spikes and seizures were developed and parameterized using long-term ambulatory data from nine humans and eight canines with epilepsy, and then implemented prospectively in out-of-sample testing in two pet canines and four humans with drug-resistant epilepsy living in their natural environments. Accurate seizure diaries are needed as the primary clinical outcome measure of epilepsy therapy and to guide brain-stimulation optimization. The brain co-processor system described here enables tracking interictal epileptiform spikes, seizures and correlation with patient behavioural reports. In the future, correlation of spikes and seizures with behaviour will allow more detailed investigation of the clinical impact of spikes and seizures on patients.
Co-culture of Schwann cells and endothelial cells for synergistically regulating dorsal root ganglion behavior on chitosan-based anisotropic topology for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Zheng Tiantian , Wu Linliang , Sun Shaolan , Xu Jiawei , Han Qi , Liu Yifan , Wu Ronghua , Li Guicai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Anisotropic topologies are known to regulate cell-oriented growth and induce cell differentiation, which is conducive to accelerating nerve regeneration, while co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) and Schwann cells (SCs) can significantly promote the axon growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG). However, the synergistic regulation of EC and SC co-culture of DRG behavior on anisotropic topologies is still rarely reported. The study aims to investigate the effect of anisotropic topology co-cultured with Schwann cells and endothelial cells on dorsal root ganglion behavior for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration.

Methods
Chitosan/artemisia sphaerocephala (CS/AS) scaffolds with anisotropic topology were first prepared using micro-molding technology, and then the surface was modified with dopamine to facilitate cell adhesion and growth. The physical and chemical properties of the scaffolds were characterized through morphology, wettability, surface roughness and component variation. SCs and ECs were co-cultured with DRG cells on anisotropic topology scaffolds to evaluate the axon growth behavior.

Results
Dopamine-modified topological CS/AS scaffolds had good hydrophilicity and provided an appropriate environment for cell growth. Cellular immunofluorescence showed that in contrast to DRG growth alone, co-culture of SCs and ECs could not only promote the growth of DRG axons, but also offered a stronger guidance for orientation growth of neurons, which could effectively prevent axons from tangling and knotting, and thus may significantly inhibit neurofibroma formation. Moreover, the co-culture of SCs and ECs could promote the release of nerve growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and up-regulate genes relevant to cell proliferation, myelination and skeletal development via the PI3K-Akt, MAPK and cytokine and receptor chemokine pathways.

Conclusions
The co-culture of SCs and ECs significantly improved the growth behavior of DRG on anisotropic topological scaffolds, which may provide an important basis for the development of nerve grafts in peripheral nerve regeneration.
Exosomal PD-L1 predicts response with immunotherapy in NSCLC patients
Authors: Wang Yuting , Niu Xiaomin , Cheng Yirui , Zhang Yanshuang , Xia Liliang , Xia Weiliang , Lu Shun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Immune Check-Point Inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable promise in treating tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the treatment response rate is low. Studies have found that the high expression of exosomal PD-L1 is one of the reasons for the low treatment response. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between the exosomal PD-L1 and the clinical response to immunotherapy in NSCLC patients to evaluate whether it could be used as a biomarker to predict the efficacy of ICIs. In this study, clinical information and blood samples of 149 NSCLC patients receiving ICIs were collected. The expression level of exosomal PD-L1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the relationship between exosomal PD-L1 and the efficacy of ICIs was explored. Overall, our study found that the expression level of exosomal PD-L1 was lower at pre-treatment, or the max fold increasing change higher at 3–6 weeks had a higher disease control rate and longer progression-free survival. It revealed that the exosomal PD-L1 was associated with the treatment response of patients using ICIs and provided a new tool for the evaluation of clinical efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy.