bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Second Arterial Conduit on Outcomes Following Coronary Bypass Grafting
Authors: Aboul-Hassan Sleiman Sebastian , Marczak Jakub , Stankowski Tomasz , Moskal Lukasz , Stanislawski Ryszard , Perek Bartlomiej , Cichon Romuald 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes and long-term survival in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting in whom second arterial conduit or saphenous vein was used as well as to find out the most optimal second arterial graft.
Methods Between January 2006 and June 2018, 7,857 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: single internal thoracic artery (SITA) + Vein group (n = 7,140) and second arterial conduit group (n = 717), of these 537 patients received right internal thoracic artery (RITA) and 180 patients received radial artery (RA). We obtained 701 propensity-matched pairs for final comparison. Short-term outcomes included: 30-day mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE), reoperation for bleeding, and deep sternal wound infection (DSWI). The long-term outcome was all-cause mortality.
Results No significant differences were observed between second arterial conduit versus SITA + Vein groups and between RITA versus RA groups in terms of 30-day mortality, 30-day MACCE, reoperation for bleeding, and incidence of DSWI in the matched cohort. The use of second arterial conduit was associated with a significant reduction in long-term mortality by 24% in the matched cohort (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.96; p = 0.02). RA and RITA as second arterial conduit had comparable long-term mortality (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.69–1.82; p = 0.62).
Conclusion The use of second arterial conduit, irrespective of type, is safe and associated with improved long-term survival compared with the second venous aortocoronary graft.
Characteristics, phenotypes, mechanisms and management of severe asthma
Authors: Chung Kian Fan , Dixey Piers , Abubakar-Waziri Hisham , Bhavsar Pankaj , Patel Pujan H. , Guo Sujuan , Ji Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Severe asthma is “asthma which requires treatment with high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus a second controller (and/or systemic corticosteroids) to prevent it from becoming ‘uncontrolled’ or which remains ‘uncontrolled’ despite this therapy.” The state of control was defined by symptoms, exacerbations and the degree of airflow obstruction. Therefore, for the diagnosis of severe asthma, it is important to have evidence for a diagnosis of asthma with an assessment of its severity, followed by a review of comorbidities, risk factors, triggers and an assessment of whether treatment is commensurate with severity, whether the prescribed treatments have been adhered to and whether inhaled therapy has been properly administered. Phenotyping of severe asthma has been introduced with the definition of a severe eosinophilic asthma phenotype characterized by recurrent exacerbations despite being on high dose ICS and sometimes oral corticosteroids, with a high blood eosinophil count and a raised level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath. This phenotype has been associated with a Type-2 (T2) inflammatory profile with expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Molecular phenotyping has also revealed non-T2 inflammatory phenotypes such as Type-1 or Type-17 driven phenotypes. Antibody treatments targeted at the T2 targets such as anti-IL5, anti-IL5Rα, and anti-IL4Rα antibodies are now available for treating severe eosinophilic asthma, in addition to anti-immunoglobulin E antibody for severe allergic asthma. No targeted treatments are currently available for non-T2 inflammatory phenotypes. Long-term azithromycin and bronchial thermoplasty may be considered. The future lies with molecular phenotyping of the airway inflammatory process to refine asthma endotypes for precision medicine.
Virologic characterization of symptom rebound following nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Boucau Julie , Uddin Rockib , Marino Caitlin , Regan James , Flynn James P. , Choudhary Manish C. , Chen Geoffrey , Stuckwisch Ashley M. , Mathews Josh , Liew May Y. , Singh Arshdeep , Reynolds Zahra , Iyer Surabhi L. , Chamberlin Grace C. , Vyas Tammy D. , Vyas Jatin M. , Turbett Sarah E. , Li Jonathan Z. , Lemieux Jacob E. , Barczak Amy K. , Siedner Mark J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe enrolled seven individuals with recurrent symptoms following nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment. High viral loads (median 6.1 log10 copies/mL) were detected at enrollment and for a median of 17 days after initial diagnosis. Three of seven had culturable virus for up to 16 days after initial diagnosis. No known resistance-associated mutations were identified.
Computerized biofeedback to characterize Pupil Cycle Time (PCT) in neuropathies and retinopathies
Authors: Ajasse Suzon , Vignal-Clermont Catherine , Mohand-Saïd Saddek , Coen Cecilia , Romand Carole , Lorenceau Jean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPupillary responses to light offer a convenient and objective way to quickly assess the functional health of the anterior afferent visual pathways. We here present the characteristics of Pupil Cycle Time (PCT) obtained with a computerized biofeedback setting in patients with retinal and optic nerve diseases. The spectral analysis of the sustained pupillary oscillations elicited over 45 seconds of passive fixation of colored displays with different spatial configurations provides relevant information that allow distinguishing patients from healthy participants with good sensitivity and specificity. PCT measures done with this method could complement the current functional examination of chronic ophthalmic diseases whose prevalence worryingly increases worldwide.
Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Neutralizing Activity Following Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis with Tixagevimab plus Cilgavimab in Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Karaba Andrew H. , Kim Jake D. , Chiang Teresa P-Y , Alejo Jennifer L. , Abedon Aura T. , Mitchell Jonathan , Chang Amy , Eby Yolanda , Johnston Trevor Scott , Aytenfisu Tihitina , Hussey Casey , Jefferis Alexa , Fortune Nicole , Abedon Rivka , Thomas Letitia , Warren Daniel S. , Sitaras Ioannis , Pekosz Andrew , Avery Robin K. , Massie Allan B. , Clarke William A. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Segev Dorry L. , Werbel William A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeutralizing antibody responses are attenuated in many solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) despite SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with the monoclonal antibody combination Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab (T+C) might augment immunoprotection, yet activity against Omicron sublineages in vaccinated SOTRs is unknown. Vaccinated SOTRs who received 300+300mg T+C (either single dose or two 150+150mg doses) within a prospective observational cohort submitted pre- and post-injection samples between 1/10/2022-4/4/2022. Binding antibody (anti-receptor binding domain [RBD], Roche) and surrogate neutralization (%ACE2 inhibition; ≥20% connoting neutralizing inhibition, Meso Scale Discovery) were measured against variants including Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and McNemar’s test. Among 61 participants, median (IQR) anti-RBD increased from 424 (IQR <0.8-2322.5) to 3394.5 (IQR 1403.9-7002.5) U/ml post T+C (p<0.001). The proportion demonstrating vaccine strain neutralizing inhibition increased from 46% to 100% post-T+C (p<0.001). BA.1 neutralization was low and did not increase (8% to 16% of participants post-T+C, p=0.06). In contrast, BA.2 neutralization increased from 7% to 72% of participants post-T+C (p<0.001). T+C increased anti-RBD levels, yet BA.1 neutralizing activity was minimal. Encouragingly, BA.2 neutralization was augmented and in the current variant climate T+C PrEP may serve as a useful complement to vaccination in high-risk SOTRs.
Flexible specificity of memory in Drosophila depends on a comparison between choices
Authors: Modi Mehrab N , Rajagopalan Adithya , Rouault Hervé , Aso Yoshinori , Turner Glenn C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMemory guides behavior across widely varying environments and must therefore be both sufficiently specific and general. A memory too specific will be useless in even a slightly different environment, while an overly general memory may lead to suboptimal choices. Animals successfully learn to both distinguish between very similar stimuli and generalize across cues. Rather than forming memories that strike a balance between specificity and generality,Drosophilacan flexibly categorize a given stimulus into different groups depending on the options available. We asked how this flexibility manifests itself in the well-characterized learning and memory pathways of the fruit fly. We show that flexible categorization in neuronal activity as well as behavior depends on the order and identity of the perceived stimuli. Our results identify the neural correlates of flexible stimulus-categorization in the fruit fly.Impact StatementFlies can optimally recall a memory with high specificity by comparing options close in time, or default to generalization when they cannot.
The N-terminal subunit of vitellogenin in planthopper eggs and saliva acts as a reliable elicitor that induces defenses in rice
Authors: Zeng Jiamei , Ye Wenfeng , Hu Wenhui , Jin Xiaochen , Kuai Peng , Xiao Wenhan , Jian Yukun , Turlings Ted C. J. , Lou Yonggen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVitellogenins are essential for the development and fecundity of insects, but these proteins may also betray them, as we show here. We found that the small N-terminal subunit of vitellogenins of the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (NlVgN) triggers strong defense responses in rice plants when it enters the plant during feeding or oviposition by the insect. The defenses induced by NlVgN in plants not only decreased the hatching rate of N. lugens eggs, but also induced volatile emissions in rice plants, which rendered them attractive to a common egg parasitoid. VgN of other planthoppers were found to trigger the same defense responses in rice. We further show that VgN deposited during planthopper feeding compared to during oviposition induces a somewhat different response, probably targeting the appropriate developmental stage of the insect. The key importance of VgN for planthopper performance precludes possible evolutionary adaptions to prevent detection by rice plants.
Changes in oscillations in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex are associated with altered signatures of Bayesian predictive coding in trait anxiety
Authors: Hein Thomas P , Gong Zheng , Ivanova Marina , Fedele Tommaso , Nikulin Vadim , Ruiz Maria Herrojo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advances in the computational understanding of decision-making processes have led to proposals that anxiety biases how individuals form beliefs and estimate uncertainty. The anxiety and decision-making circuitry broadly overlap in regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Changes in activity across these brain areas could help explain how misestimation of uncertainty and altered belief updating can lead to impaired learning in anxiety. To test this prediction, this study built on recent progress in rhythm-based formulations of Bayesian predictive coding to identify sources of oscillatory modulations across the ACC, mPFC, and OFC that are associated with altered learning in subclinical trait anxiety. In a magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment, two groups of human participants pre-screened with high and low trait anxiety (HTA, LTA: 39) performed a volatile probabilistic reward-based learning task. We modelled behaviour using a hierarchical Bayesian learning model. Furthermore, we quantified the parametric effects of trial-wise estimates of unsigned precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) and, separately, precision weights and surprise on source-reconstructed MEG time-frequency responses using convolution modelling. We showed that HTA interferes with overall reward-based learning performance associated with more stochastic decisions and more pronounced lose-shift tendencies. These behavioural effects were explained by an overestimation of volatility and faster belief updating in HTA when compared to LTA. On a neural level, we observed enhanced gamma responses and decreased alpha/beta activity in HTA during the encoding of unsigned pwPEs about about stimulus outcomes relative to LTA. These effects emerged primarily in the ACC and dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC), and they were accompanied by additional ACC alpha/beta modulations representing differential encoding of precision weights in each anxiety group. Our study supports the association between subclinical trait anxiety and faster updating of beliefs in a volatile environment through gamma and alpha/beta activity changes in the ACC and dmPFC.
Establishment of a colony of Anopheles darlingi from French Guiana for vector competence studies on malaria transmission
Authors: Puchot Nicolas , Lecoq Marie-Thérèse , Carinci Romuald , Duchemin Jean Bernard , Gendrin Mathilde , Bourgouin Catherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnopheles darlingi is a major vector of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in South and Central America. However, vector competence and physiology of this mosquito species have been scarcely studied due to difficulties in rearing it in the laboratory. Here, we report the successful establishment of a robust colony, from mosquito collection in French Guiana. We describe our mosquito colonization procedure with relevant information on environmental conditions, mating ability, larval development and survival, recorded over the first six critical generations. Experimental infection showed that our An. darlingi colony has a moderate permissiveness to in vitro produced gametocytes of the P. falciparum NF54 strain originating from Africa. This colony, that has reached its 20th generation, will allow further characterization of An. darlingi life-history traits and of Plasmodium-mosquito interactions with South American malaria parasites.
Lesion Localization of Time Disorientation in Patients With Focal Brain Damage
Authors: Skye J. , Bruss J. , Herbet G. , Tranel D. , Boes AD. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTime orientation is a fundamental cognitive process in which one’s personal sense of time is matched with a universal reference. Assessment of time orientation is a ubiquitous component of neurological mental status examinations and neuropsychological assessments, yet its neural correlates remain unclear. Large bilateral lesions have been associated with deficits in time orientation, but more specific regions of the brain implicated in time disorientation following focal unilateral damage are relatively unknown. The current study investigates the anatomy of time disorientation and its network correlates in patients with focal brain lesions.Methods550 patients with acquired, focal brain lesions participated in this study, identified retrospectively from the Iowa Neurological Patient Registry. Time orientation was assessed 3 months or more after lesion onset using the Benton Temporal Orientation Test (BTOT), and 39 patients were identified as having chronic impairment in time orientation defined as a score of 3 or worse on the BTOT. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping and lesion network mapping were used to evaluate the anatomy and networks associated with time disorientation. Performance on a variety of neuropsychological tests was compared between the time oriented and time disoriented group.Results39 patients were identified as having chronic impairment in time orientation. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping showed that lesions of the posterior cortices were associated with impaired time orientation, including medial temporal lobes, occipitotemporal cortex, and precuneus (r=0.21, p<.001). Individuals with time disorientation tended to have concomitant impairments in memory, visuospatial ability, and naming. Follow-up analyses of individuals with unilateral lesions and those with relatively unimpaired cognition in other domains implicated the precuneus and parahippocampal gyrus in time orientation. Lesion network mapping demonstrated that these regional findings occurred at nodes of the default mode and visual networks. Individuals with time disorientation tended to have concomitant impairments in memory, visuospatial ability, and naming.DiscussionWe interpret these findings as novel evidence for the role of posteromedial cortices extending from the precuneus to the medial temporal lobe in supporting time orientation.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Beta Adjuvanted Recombinant Booster Vaccine
Authors: Launay Odile , Cachanado Marine , Nguyen Liem B Luong , Ninove Laetitia , Lachâtre Marie , Ben Ghezala Inès , Bardou Marc , Schmidt-Mutter Catherine , Felten Renaud , Lacombe Karine , Surgers Laure , Laine Fabrice , Allain Jean-Sébastien , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Tavolacci Marie-Pierre , Chidiac Christian , Pavese Patricia , Dussol Bertrand , Priet Stéphane , Deplanque Dominique , Touati Amel , Curci Laureen , Konate Eleine , Hamouda Nadine Ben , Besbes Anissa , Nubret Eunice , Capelle Florence , Berard Laurence , Rousseau Alexandra , Tartour Eric , Simon Tabassome , de Lamballerie Xavier 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundVariant-adaptated vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as boosters are needed to increase a broader protection against SARS CoV-2 variants. New adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccines as heterologous boosters could maximize the response.MethodsIn this randomized, single-blinded, multicenter trial, adults who had received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) 3 to7 months before were randomly assigned to receive a boost of BNT162b2, Sanofi/GSK SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein MV D614 (monovalent parental formulation) or SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein MV B.1.351 vaccine (monovalent Beta formulation). The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects with a ≥10-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers for the Wuhan (D614) and B.1.351 (Beta) SARS-CoV-2 viral strains between day 0 and day 15.FindingsThe percentages of participants whose neutralizing antibody titers against the Wuhan (D614) SARS-CoV-2 strain increased by a factor ≥10 between day 0 and day 15 was 55.3% (95% CI 43.4-66.7) in MV D614 group (n=76), 76.1% (64.5-85.4) in MV B.1.351 (Beta) group (n=71) and 63.2% (51.3-73.9) in BNT162b2 group (n=76). These percentages were 44.7% (33.3-56.6), 84.5% (74.0-92.0) and 51.3% (39.6-63.0) for the B.1.351 (Beta) viral strain, respectively. Higher neutralizing antibodies rates against Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants were also elicited after Sanofi/GSK MV Beta vaccine compared to the other vaccines. Comparable reactogenicity profile was observed with the three vaccines.InterpretationHeterologous boosting with the Sanofi/GSK Beta formulation vaccine resulted in a higher neutralizing antibody response against Beta variant but also the original strain and Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants, compared with mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine or the Sanofi/GSK MVD614 formulation. New vaccines containing Beta spike protein may represent an interesting strategy for broader protection against SARS CoV-2 variants.FundingFrench Ministries of Solidarity and Health and Research and SanofiTrial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05124171; EudraCT identifier 2021-004550-33.
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Singleton S. Parker , Wang Julie B. , Mithoefer Michael , Hanlon Colleen , George Mark S. , Mithoefer Annie , Mithoefer Oliver , Coker Allison R. , Yazar-Klosinski Berra , Emerson Amy , Doblin Rick , Kuceyeski Amy 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinical trials. MDMA is hypothesized to facilitate the therapeutic process, in part, by decreasing fear response during fear memory processing while increasing extinction learning. The acute administration of MDMA in healthy controls modifies recruitment of brain regions involved in the hyperactive fear response in PTSD such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. However, to date there have been no neuroimaging studies aimed at directly elucidating the neural impact of MDMA-AT in PTSD patients. We analyzed brain activity and connectivity via functional MRI during both rest and autobiographical memory (trauma and neutral) response before and two-months after MDMA-AT in nine veterans and first-responders with chronic PTSD of 6 months or more. We hypothesized that MDMA-AT would increase amygdala-hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity, however we only found evidence of a trend in the left amygdala – left hippocampus (t= -2.91, uncorrected p = 0.0225, corrected p = 0.0901). We also found reduced activation contrast (trauma > neutral) after MDMA-AT in the cuneus. Finally, the amount of recovery from PTSD after MDMA-AT correlated with changes in four functional connections during autobiographical memory recall: the left amygdala – left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left amygdala – right PCC, left amygdala – left insula, and left isthmus cingulate – left posterior hippocampus. Amygdala – insular functional connectivity is reliably implicated in PTSD and anxiety, and both regions are impacted by MDMA administration. These findings compliment previous research indicating that amygdala, hippocampus, and insula functional connectivity is a potential target of MDMA-AT, and highlights other regions of interest related to memory processes. More research is necessary to determine if these findings are specific to MDMA-AT compared to other types of treatment for PTSD.This study:NCT02102802Parent-study:NCT01211405
Modelling the impacts of public health interventions and weather on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak in Hong Kong
Authors: Yuan Hsiang-Yu , Liang Jingbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHong Kong, has operated under a zero-Covid policy in the past few years. As a result, population immunity from natural infections has been low. The ‘fifth wave’ in Hong Kong, caused by the Omicron variant, grew substantially in February 2022 during the transition from winter into spring. The daily number of reported cases began to decline quickly in a few days after social distancing regulations were tightened and rapid antigen test (RAT) kits were largely distributed. How the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and seasonal factors (temperature and relative humidity) could affect the spread of Omicron remains unknown.MethodsWe developed a model with stratified immunity, to incorporate antibody responses, together with changes in mobility and seasonal factors. After taking into account the detection rates of PCR test and RAT, we fitted the model to the daily number of reported cases between 1 February and 31 March, and quantified the associated effects of individual NPIs and seasonal factors on infection dynamics.FindingsAlthough NPIs and vaccine boosters were critical in reducing the number of infections, temperature was associated with a larger change in transmissibility. Cold days appeared to drive Re from about 2–3 sharply to 10.6 (95%CI: 9.9–11.4). But this number reduced quickly below one a week later when the temperature got warmer. The model projected that if weather in March maintained as February’s average level, the estimated cumulative incidence could increase double to about 80% of total population.InterpretationTemperature should be taken into account when making public health decisions (e.g. a more relaxed (or tightened) social distancing during a warmer (or colder) season).