bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
F. Wiener’s Trick and an Extremal Problem for $$H^p$$
Authors: Brevig Ole Fredrik , Grepstad Sigrid , Instanes Sarah May 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor $$0<p \le \infty $$

0
<
p
≤
∞

, let $$H^p$$

H
p

denote the classical Hardy space of the unit disc. We consider the extremal problem of maximizing the modulus of the kth Taylor coefficient of a function $$f \in H^p$$

f
∈

H
p

which satisfies $$\Vert f\Vert _{H^p}\le 1$$

‖
f
‖

H
p

≤
1

and $$f(0)=t$$

f
(
0
)
=
t

for some $$0 \le t \le 1$$

0
≤
t
≤
1

. In particular, we provide a complete solution to this problem for $$k=1$$

k
=
1

and $$0<p<1$$

0
<
p
<
1

. We also study F. Wiener’s trick, which plays a crucial role in various coefficient-related extremal problems for Hardy spaces.
Repositioning Generic Drugs: Empirical Findings and Policy Implications
Authors: Liddicoat Johnathon , Liddell Kathleen , Darrow Jonathan , Aboy Mateo , Jordan Matthew , Crespo Cristina , Minssen Timo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCommentators claim that drug repositioning (i.e. developing new uses for authorised drugs) significantly slows when generics are authorised and, therefore, law reform is necessary to encourage more R&D. This study empirically examines this claim by analysing records of clinical trials. It finds that once generics are authorised: (i) commercial trials continue at “active” rates for approximately half of the drugs studied, and (ii) the number of hospital and university trials actually increases. These findings cast doubt on whether additional incentives are needed. They also indicate that a more effective way to reposition drugs is for recently established government programmes to embrace IP strategies and leverage the hospital and university trials as an R&D pipeline.
Effect of demographic disparities on the use of the JMP ladders for water, sanitation, and hygiene services in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Alemu Zinabu Assefa , Mengesha Sisay Derso , Dinssa Daniel Abera , Wagari Bedasa , Weldegebriel Mesaye Getachew , Serte Melaku Gizaw , Alemayehu Tsigereda Assefa , Kenea Moa Abate , Weldetinsae Abel , Teklu Kirubel Tesfaye , Adugna Ermias Alemayehu , Gobena Waktole , Fikresilassie Getinet , Demissie Belaynesh , Melese Abayew Wassie , Wube Wendayehu , Redwan Ekram , Tessema Masresha , Tollera Getachew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReducing inequalities in all its forms is one of the key principles of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). However, the 2030 SDG Agenda has been a real challenge in addressing inequalities in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services. There is a disparity in the use of WASH services in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify demographic factors affecting the use of Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) ladders for WASH services. In this study, a total of 5350 households were included. Households having heads with vocational education levels were 2.9 times higher in use of basic drinking-water services ((Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.9 with 95% CI 1.6–5.1) than household having heads who could not read and write. Besides, households living in urban areas were 21.7 times more likely to use basic drinking-water services (AOR = 21.7 with 95% CI 16–30) than in rural parts. Further, households with merchants’ heads were 2.1 times higher to use basic sanitation services (AOR = 2.1 with 95% CI 1.5, 3.1) than households with farmers’ heads. Moreover, households having higher monthly income per head were 2.9 times higher in utilizing basic sanitation services (AOR = 2.9 with 95% CI 2.32–3.58) than the poorest households. Similarly, households with female heads were 1.5 times higher in using the JMP ladder for basic hygiene services (AOR = 1.5 with 95% CI 1.24–1.71) than households with male heads. Additionally, respondents who live in urban areas had 2.8 times higher use of basic hygiene services (AOR = 2.8 with 95% CI 2.26–3.54) than those in rural areas. Many demographic factors that influence the use of the JMP ladders for water, sanitation, and hygiene services were identified. The use of surface water, open defecation practice, unimproved sanitation, and no hygiene services were positively associated with illiteracy. The findings suggest that state authorities should initiate firm WASH policies and strategies to achieve the SDG 6 and 10. Additionally, the government should apply effective WASH interventions that consider demographic disparities.
A Stock Price Forecasting Model Integrating Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Chen Youwei , Zhao Pengwei , Zhang Zhen , Bai Juncheng , Guo Yuqi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, due to the non-stationary behavior of data samples, modeling and forecasting the stock price has been challenging for the business community and researchers. In order to address these mentioned issues, enhanced machine learning algorithms can be employed to establish stock forecasting algorithms. Accordingly, introducing the idea of “decomposition and ensemble” and the theory of “granular computing”, a hybrid model in this paper is established by incorporating the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), sample entropy (SE), independent component analysis (ICA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and long short-term memory (LSTM). First, aiming at reducing the complexity of the original data of stock price, the CEEMD approach decomposes the data into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). To alleviate the cumulative error of IMFs, SE is performed to restructure the IMFs. Second, the ICA technique separates IMFs, describing the internal foundation structure. Finally, the LSTM model is adopted for forecasting the stock price results, in which the LSTM hyperparameters are optimized by synchronously utilizing the PSO algorithm. The experimental results on four stock prices from China stock market reveal the accuracy and robustness of the established model from the aspect of statistical efficiency measures. In theory, a useful attempt is made by integrating the idea of “granular computing” with “decomposition and ensemble” to construct the forecasting model of non-stationary data. In practice, the research results will provide scientific reference for the business community and researchers.
A nodule dome removal strategy to improve the laser-induced damage threshold of coatings
Authors: Liu Tianbao , Zhu Meiping , Du Wenyun , Shi Jun , Sun Jian , Chai Yingjie , Shao Jianda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various coatings in high-power laser facilities suffer from laser damage due to nodule defects. We propose a nodule dome removal (NDR) strategy to eliminate unwanted localized electric-field (E-field) enhancement caused by nodule defects, thereby improving the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of laser coatings. It is theoretically demonstrated that the proposed NDR strategy can reduce the localized E-field enhancement of nodules in mirror coatings, polarizer coatings and beam splitter coatings. An ultraviolet (UV) mirror coating is experimentally demonstrated using the NDR strategy. The LIDT is improved to about 1.9 and 2.2 times for the UV mirror coating without artificial nodules and the UV mirror coating with artificial nodule seeds with a diameter of 1000 nm, respectively. The NDR strategy, applicable to coatings prepared by different deposition methods, improves the LIDT of laser coating without affecting other properties, such as the spectrum, stress and surface roughness, indicating its broad applicability in high-LIDT laser coatings.
Can Constitutional Change Transform Society?
Authors: Sanchez-Urribarri Raul 
Published: September 2022

This essay reviews the following works:Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Edited by Richard Albert, Carlos Bernal, and Juliano Zaiden Benvindo. Chicago: Hart Publishing, 2019. Pp. 304. $96.72 hardcover. ISBN: 9781509923502.The Politics of Institutional Weakness in Latin America. Edited by Daniel M. Brinks, Steven Levitsky, and María Victoria Murillo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 359. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108702331.Constituents before Assembly: Participation, Deliberation, and Representation in the Crafting of New Constitutions. By Todd A. Eisenstadt, A. Carl LeVan, and Tofigh Maboudi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xxii + 200. $34.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316619551.A Revolution in Fragments: Traversing Scales of Justice, Ideology, and Practice in Bolivia. By Mark Goodale. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. 320. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478006527.Only the People Can Save the People: Constituent Power, Revolution, and Counterrevolution in Venezuela. By Donald V. Kingsbury. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2018. Pp. xix + 210. $32.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781438469645.Paths for Cuba: Reforming Communism in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Scott Morgenstern, Jorge Pérez-López, and Jerome Branche. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. Pp. 408. $$37.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822965497.Chile Constitucional. By Juan Luis Ossa Santacruz. Santiago de Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica Chile and Centro de Estudios Públicos. Pp. 133. $12.00 paperback. ISBN: 9789562892056.Assessing the Left Turn in Ecuador. Edited by Francisco Sánchez and Simón Pachano. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. Pp. 403. $149.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9783030276249.
Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations and endometrial cancer risk: a multicentric case–control study
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Turati Federica , Serraino Diego , Crispo Anna , Negri Eva , Parazzini Fabio , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) published evidence-based recommendations for cancer prevention focusing on body weight, physical activity, and diet. Our aim is to evaluate whether adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations could reduce endometrial cancer risk. We used data from a multicentric, Italian hospital-based case–control study (1992–2006) including 454 endometrial cancer cases and 908 age-matched controls. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was measured using a score (range: 0–7) based on seven components: body mass index (BMI), physical activity and five dietary items; higher scores indicated higher adherence. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by multiple (adjusted) conditional logistic regression models including terms for major confounders and energy intake. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was inversely related to endometrial cancer risk (OR = 0·42, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0·30, 0·61 for the highest compared with the lowest score quartile), with a significant trend of decreasing risk with increasing adherence. An inverse association was also observed for a score including only dietary recommendations (OR = 0·67, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96 for the highest compared with the lowest score tertile). In stratified analyses, the association was stronger among women with a normal weight, those who were older, and consequently those in post-menopause, and those with ≥ 2 children. In conclusion, high adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations has a favourable role in endometrial cancer risk, which is not fully explained by body weight.
The Death of the Little Man
Authors: Kernodle George R. 
Published: September 2022

Attention must be paid! “I don't say he's a great man. Willy Loman never
made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. He's not the finest
character that ever lived. But he's a human being, and a terrible thing is
happening to him. So attention must be paid. He's not to be allowed to fall
into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention must be finally paid to
such a person.”
Is there anything really tragic about the death of a salesman? After
three decades of seeing ourselves as little men lost in the anonymous masses
of the modern city, can we really pay attention? Can we really believe that
the failure and death of a little man is a terrible thing? Arthur Miller has
tried to write a tragedy about a little, ordinary man of our day. But
tragedy is a great affirmation, a great proclamation of belief. It is a
probing of the depth of pain and defeat and despair to find a solid base
from which the spirit can rise.
Terminal sliding-mode disturbance observer-based finite-time adaptive-neural formation control of autonomous surface vessels under output constraints
Authors: Naderolasli Amir , Shojaei Khoshnam , Chatraei Abbas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a tracking controller for the formation construction of multiple autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances with output constraints. To design a formation control system, the leader-following strategy is adopted for each ASV. A symmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF), which advances to infinity when its arguments reach a finite limit, is applied to prevent the state variables from violating constraints. An adaptive-neural technique is employed to compensate uncertain parameters and unmodeled dynamics. To overcome the explosion of differentiation term problem, a first-order filter is proposed to realize the derivative of virtual variables in the dynamic surface control (DSC). To estimate the leader velocity in finite time, a high-gain observer is effectively employed. This approach is adopted to reveal all signals of the closed-loop system which are bounded, and the formation tracking errors are semi-globally finite-time uniformly bounded. The computer simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of this newly proposed formation controller for the autonomous surface vessels.
Musical instruments as tangible cultural heritage and as/for intangible cultural heritage
Authors: Howard Keith 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMusical instruments are central components of both the tangible and intangible heritage. However, discourse about music as intangible cultural heritage frequently overlooks the importance of instruments in conserving traditions inherited from the past and making live performance possible in the present, while curating instruments as tangible heritage often neglects their function for making music. This article explores two interrelated research questions about musical instruments as heritage. First, should instrument-crafting skills inherited from the past be sustained today, and, where industrial or mechanized manufacturing processes and the development of instruments is encouraged, what are the implications for sustaining music traditions? Second, given that instruments as crafted objects deteriorate over time, should instruments inherited from the past be displayed as objects, be restored to playing condition, or be updated and developed for contemporary use? To explore these questions, I take three case studies that juxtapose musical instruments from opposite sides of the world and from societies with very different philosophical and ideological approaches. The three case studies are Britain’s piano heritage, traditional Korean instruments (kugakki) in the Republic of Korea/South Korea, and “national” instruments (minjok akki) in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea/North Korea. Based on fieldwork, ethnography, and collecting and curating work, my choice of case studies allows me to look at both the country I call home (Britain) and the region where I have researched matters musical for 40 years (the Korean peninsula). But the case studies also demonstrate that there is no single answer to questions about the role of musical instruments when (and if) instruments are recognized as both tangible and intangible heritage.
Validity testing of the conspiratorial thinking and anti-expert sentiment scales during the COVID-19 pandemic across 24 languages from a large-scale global dataset
Authors: Han Hyemin , Blackburn Angélique M. , Jeftić Alma , Tran Thao Phuong , Stöckli Sabrina , Reifler Jason , Vestergren Sara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we tested the validity across two scales addressing conspiratorial thinking that may influence behaviours related to public health and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the COVIDiSTRESSII Global Survey data from 12 261 participants, we validated the 4-item Conspiratorial Thinking Scale and 3-item Anti-Expert Sentiment Scale across 24 languages and dialects that were used by at least 100 participants per language. We employed confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance test and measurement alignment for internal consistency testing. To test convergent validity of the two scales, we assessed correlations with trust in seven agents related to government, science and public health. Although scalar invariance was not achieved when measurement invariance test was conducted initially, we found that both scales can be employed in further international studies with measurement alignment. Moreover, both conspiratorial thinking and anti-expert sentiments were significantly and negatively correlated with trust in all agents. Findings from this study provide supporting evidence for the validity of both scales across 24 languages for future large-scale international research.
Social clustering of unvaccinated children in schools in the Netherlands
Authors: Klinkenberg Don , van Hoek Albert Jan , Veldhuijzen Irene , Hahné Susan , Wallinga Jacco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, the World Health Organization-recommended coverage for herd protection is 95% for measles and 80% for rubella and mumps. However, a national vaccine coverage does not reflect social clustering of unvaccinated children, e.g. in schools of Orthodox Protestant or Anthroposophic identity in The Netherlands. To fully characterise this clustering, we estimated one-dose MMR vaccination coverages at all schools in the Netherlands. By combining postcode catchment areas of schools and school feeder data, each child in the Netherlands was characterised by residential postcode, primary and secondary school (referred to as school career). Postcode-level vaccination data were used to estimate vaccination coverages per school career. These were translated to coverages per school, stratified by school identity. Most schools had vaccine coverages over 99%, but major exceptions were Orthodox Protestant schools (63% in primary and 58% in secondary schools) and Anthroposophic schools (67% and 78%). School-level vaccine coverage estimates reveal strong clustering of unvaccinated children. The school feeder data reveal strongly connected Orthodox Protestant and Anthroposophic communities, but separated from one another. This suggests that even at a national one-dose MMR coverage of 97.5%, thousands of children per cohort are not protected by herd immunity.
Pre-Reformation Roman Canon Law in Post-Reformation English Ecclesiastical Law
Authors: Doe Norman 
Published: September 2022

Roman canon law did not cease to have an effect within the Church of England after the Reformation. English ecclesiastical lawyers continued to use pre-Reformation foreign papal law and domestic provincial and legatine law. These lawyers used several ideas to explain its status in pre-Reformation England. They usually held that it continued in force after the Reformation on the basis of section 7 of the Submission of the Clergy Act 1533 (if not repugnant to laws of the realm) – and a commission would reform it. However, it is submitted here that this statute enabled the continuance of only domestic provincial law and perhaps legatine law but not foreign papal law. Yet a 1543 statute continued the provincial law and ‘other ecclesiastical laws’ used in England, which may or may not have included legatine and papal law. Another of 1549 has no continuance provision, but the commission was to review ‘ecclesiastical laws used here’ – which, too, may or may not include legatine and papal law. A statute of 1553 repealed these earlier statutes. A statute of 1558 repealed that of 1553 but revived only the 1533 statute, not those of 1543 or 1549. This suggests that only domestic provincial law, and perhaps legatine law, continued on the basis of statute, and not foreign papal laws. The latter might have applied from 1543 to 1553 but not after 1558, as only the 1533 statute perpetuating solely domestic law was revived. Nevertheless, English lawyers continued to invoke foreign Roman canon law. By the nineteenth century they did so on basis of custom not statute – and the 1533 Act section 7 was repealed in 1969.
A qualitative assessment of facility readiness and barriers to the facility-based management of childhood severe acute malnutrition in the public healthcare settings in Bangladesh
Authors: Fahim Shah Mohammad , Islam Md Ridwan , Rasul Md Golam , Raihan Mohammad Jyoti , Ali Nafi Mohammad , Bulbul Md Mofijul Islam , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess facility readiness and identify barriers to the facility-based management of childhood severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in public healthcare settings.Design:Qualitative methods were applied to assess readiness and identify different perspectives on barriers to the facility-based management of children with SAM. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, exit interviews and pre-tested observation tools.Settings:Two tertiary care and four district hospitals in Rangpur and Sylhet Divisions of Bangladesh.Participants:Healthcare professionals and caregivers of children with SAM.Results:Anthropometric tools, glucometer, medicines, F-75, F-100 and national guidelines for facility-based management of childhood SAM were found unavailable in some of the hospitals. Sitting and sleeping arrangements for the caregivers were absent in all of the chosen facilities. We identified a combination of health system and contextual barriers that inhibited the facility-based management of SAM. The health system barriers include inadequate manpower, rapid turnover of staff, increased workload, lack of training and lack of adherence to management protocol. The major facility barriers were insufficient space and unavailability of required equipment, medicines and foods for hospitalised children with SAM. The reluctance of caregivers to complete the treatment regimen, their insufficient knowledge regarding proper feeding, increased number of attendants and poverty of parents were the principal contextual barriers.Conclusions:The study findings provide insights on barriers that are curbing the facility-based management of SAM and emphasise policy efforts to develop feasible interventions to reduce the barriers and ensure the preparedness of the facilities for effective service delivery.