bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantage integration: A methodological framework for growth and development
Authors: Xie Sherman , Xia Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical framework for growth and development, and based on this methodological framework, this paper reveals why the United States has become powerful and predicts its probable decline. Different from the past views, this paper argues that the advantage integration–oriented production model and the proactive open strategy and policy orientation based on it are the core driving forces for growth and development. Driven by both capital and technology, the economic structure and social fabric of the United States has been undergoing tremendous changes for more than 200 years, so the members, the power, and the appeals of different interest groups are also changing. At the microlevel, the production model adapted to the economic structure and social fabric of the United States is changing, and correspondingly, at the macrolevel, the strategy and policy orientation of the United States are changing as well. This paper details the advantage integration–oriented development practices in U.S. history and briefly discusses the prospects of the practical application of this methodology. The United States is a typical country that achieved catch‐up through advantage integration and ultimately gained global economic dominance, and this implies that the strategy and policy based on this model of development are necessarily open and positive. However, the current growing conservative policy orientation in the United States may not be a good sign.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and oral health: A narrative review
Authors: Mahajan Roopali , Kulkarni Roopali , Stoopler Eric T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition in which stomach contents leak backward into the esophagus. It affects millions of people worldwide and has a detrimental effect on quality of life. Heartburn and acid regurgitation are typical GERD symptoms, while atypical manifestations include noncardiac chest pain, cough and laryngitis. The oral and maxillofacial manifestations of GERD may include dental erosion, xerostomia, mucositis, aphthous like ulcerations, sour taste, burning mouth, hyperesthesia, bruxism, and/or temporomandibular disorder (TMD). This narrative review provides oral health care professionals with an update to medical aspects of GERD, recognition and management of oral and maxillofacial manifestations of the condition and provision of appropriate dental care for this patient population.
Crisis text‐line interventions: Evaluation of texters' perceptions of effectiveness
Authors: Gould Madelyn S. , Pisani Anthony , Gallo Carlos , Ertefaie Ashkan , Harrington Donald , Kelberman Caroline , Green Shannon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveCrisis Text Line (CTL), the largest provider of text‐based crisis intervention services in the U.S., has answered nearly 7 million conversations since its inception in 2013. The study's objective was to assess texter's perceptions of the effectiveness of CTL crisis interventions.MethodSurvey data completed by 85,877 texters linked to volunteer crisis counselor (CC) reports from October 12, 2017, to October 11, 2018 were analyzed. The relationship of several effectiveness measures with texters' demographic and psychosocial characteristics, frequency of CTL usage, and texters' perceptions of engagement with their CCs was examined using a series of logistic regression analyses.ResultsBy the end of the text‐based conversation, nearly 90% of suicidal texters reported that the conversation was helpful, and nearly half reported being less suicidal.ConclusionsOur study offers evidence for CTL's perceived effectiveness. These findings are of critical importance in light of the launch of a nationwide three‐digit number (988) for suicide prevention and mental health crisis supports in the U.S., which will include texting.
Quantification of root water uptake and redistribution using neutron imaging: a review and future directions
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Tötzke Christian , Kaestner Anders , Ahmed Mutez Ali 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYQuantifying root water uptake is essential to understanding plant water use and responses to different environmental conditions. However, non‐destructive measurement of water transport and related hydraulics in the soil–root system remains a challenge. Neutron imaging, with its high sensitivity to hydrogen, has become an unparalleled tool to visualize and quantify root water uptake in vivo. In combination with isotopes (e.g., deuterated water) and a diffusion–convection model, root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution in root and soil can be quantified. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing neutron imaging to visualize and quantify root water uptake, hydraulic redistribution in roots and soil, and root hydraulic properties of different plant species. Under uniform soil moisture distributions, neutron radiographic studies have shown that water uptake was not uniform along the root and depended on both root type and age. For both tap (e.g., lupine [Lupinus albus L.]) and fibrous (e.g., maize [Zea mays L.]) root systems, water was mainly taken up through lateral roots. In mature maize, the location of water uptake shifted from seminal roots and their laterals to crown/nodal roots and their laterals. Under non‐uniform soil moisture distributions, part of the water taken up during the daytime maintained the growth of crown/nodal roots in the upper, drier soil layers. Ultra‐fast neutron tomography provides new insights into 3D water movement in soil and roots. We discuss the limitations of using neutron imaging and propose future directions to utilize neutron imaging to advance our understanding of root water uptake and soil–root interactions.
α‐Synuclein fibrils explore actin‐mediated macropinocytosis for cellular entry into model neuroblastoma neurons
Authors: Hivare Pravin , Gadhavi Joshna , Bhatia Dhiraj , Gupta Sharad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn), an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD or other α‐synucleinopathies. Recent investigations propose the transmission of α‐Syn protein fibrils, in a prion‐like manner, by entering proximal cells to seed further fibrillization in PD. Despite the recent advances, the mechanisms by which extracellular protein aggregates internalize into the cells remain poorly understood. Using a simple cell‐based model of human neuroblastoma‐derived differentiated neurons, we present the cellular internalization of α‐Syn PFF to check cellular uptake and recycling kinetics along with the standard endocytic markers Transferrin (Tf) marking clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) and Galectin3 (Gal3) marking clathrin‐independent endocytosis (CIE). Specific inhibition of endocytic pathways using chemical inhibitors reveals no significant involvement of CME, CIE and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis (CvME). A substantial reduction in cellular uptake was observed after perturbation of actin polymerization and treatment with macropinosomes inhibitor. Our results show that α‐Syn PFF mainly internalizes into the SH‐SY5Y cells and differentiated neurons via the macropinocytosis pathway. The elucidation of the molecular and cellular mechanism involved in the α‐Syn PFF internalization will help improve the understanding of α‐synucleinopathies including PD, and further design specific inhibitors for the same.
Development of the support vector regression–particle swarm optimization simulation‐optimization model for the assessment of a novel groundwater quality index
Authors: Mozaffari Saeed , Javadi Saman , Moghaddam Hamid Kardan , Randhir Timothy O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe assessment and prediction of the groundwater resource quality are required for the sustainable management of this crucial resource. This study develops a new index for assessing and a model for predicting the quality of groundwater resources. The groundwater quality index (GWQI), the Shannon entropy method, was used to determine the weight of parameters, and the complex proportional assessment multi‐decision criteria method was used to score the GWQI. Water quality parameters, including TDS, EC, TH,
,
,
, pH,
,
,
and
, were used as decision criteria. The support vector regression–particle swarm optimization )SVR‐PSO( simulation–optimization model is developed to predict new GWQI (C‐GWQI) of the aquifer. The development of this new index called C‐GWQI is one of the innovations of this article. Based on these approaches, the index is used to determine three water quality classes (optimum, permissible, and impermissible) for drinking water following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The distribution of C‐GWQI shows that groundwater quality in most of the Zanjan aquifer of Iran was in the optimum range. Still, it is deteriorating into the permissible range due to pollution from urban areas during some periods. The hybrid SVR‐PSO model can predict the groundwater quality with sufficient accuracy with a Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) of 1.5% and 0.88% in training and testing phases, respectively. Results show that temperature, precipitation, evaporation, returned water and groundwater level did not significantly affect groundwater quality prediction. In contrast, the previous month's C‐GWQI, recharge, and discharge were most influential in predicting groundwater quality.
Muscle oxygenation during normoxic and hypoxic cycling exercise in humans with high‐affinity haemoglobin
Authors: Webb Kevin L. , Elshaer Ahmed N. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Hammer Shane M. , Baker Sarah E. , Shepherd John R. A. , Roy Tuhin K. , Joyner Michael J. , Wiggins Chad C. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do humans with high‐affinity haemoglobin (HAH) demonstrate attenuated skeletal muscle deoxygenation during normoxic and hypoxic exercise?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Examination of near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygenation profiles suggests that fractional oxygen extraction is blunted during hypoxic exercise in humans with HAH compared with control subjects. However, muscle tissue oxygen saturation levels were higher in humans with HAH during exercise in normoxia compared with control subjects. These alterations in fractional oxygen extraction in humans with HAH might influence blood flow regulation and exercise capacity during hypoxia.
AbstractRecently, researchers in our laboratory have shown that humans with genetic mutations resulting in high‐affinity haemoglobin (HAH) demonstrate better maintained aerobic capacity and peak power output during hypoxic exercise versus normoxic exercise in comparison to humans with normal‐affinity haemoglobin. However, the influence of HAH on tissue oxygenation within exercising muscle during normoxia and hypoxia is unknown. Therefore, we examined near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived oxygenation profiles of the vastus lateralis during graded cycling exercise in normoxia and hypoxia among humans with HAH (n = 5) and control subjects with normal‐affinity haemoglobin (n = 12). The HAH group elicited a blunted increase of deoxygenated haemoglobin + myoglobin during hypoxic exercise compared with the control group (P = 0.03), suggesting reduced fractional oxygen extraction in the HAH group. In addition, the HAH group maintained a higher level of muscle tissue oxygen saturation during normoxic exercise (HAH, 75 ± 4% vs. controls, 65 ± 3%, P = 0.049) and there were no differences between groups in muscle tissue oxygen saturation during hypoxic exercise (HAH, 68 ± 3% vs. controls, 68 ± 2%, P = 0.943). Overall, our results suggest that humans with HAH might demonstrate divergent patterns of fractional oxygen extraction during hypoxic exercise and elevated muscle tissue oxygenation during normoxic exercise compared with control subjects.
Organic Farming: Is a Metamorphosis of Modern Agricultural Imperialism or a Postmodern Agricultural Model?
Authors: Yana Hamyana , Hidayat Kliwon , Sukesi Keppi , Yuliati Yayuk 
Published: May 2022

The implementation of organic farming programs in Indonesia involves various actors and various interests in it. The relationship between actors and their interests has positioned organic agriculture at the intersection between modern agricultural camouflage and the antithesis of modern agriculture (postmodern agriculture). How did this happen? so this research is very important to provide a complete picture in describing the involvement of actors and power relations as one of the key factors that will determine theformulation of policies for developing organic agriculture in the future. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The research data were analyzed concerning the Miles and Huberman (2002) framework, which consisted of stages of data reduction, analysis formulation, and concluding. The results showed that there were four typologies of actors, namely, type A actors oriented to spiritual values; actor type B oriented to moral values; type C actor is oriented to rational values and type D actor is oriented to political/powervalues. The struggle between actors is dominated by driving actors (advanced farmers or champions, state apparatus, capitalists) who have stronger knowledge power. The rhetoric and images narrated by the driving actors then become tools for domination to seize the rights of other actors with the interests and powers attached to each actor. The implementation of organic agriculture which is full of power interests puts organic farming programs in Indonesia trapped in a market trap and a poor meaning reduction of moral values, human values, spiritual values, and ecological values.
Design of Acoustic/Elastic Phase Gradient Metasurfaces: Principles, Functional Elements, Tunability, and Coding
Authors: Chen A-Li , Wang Yue-Sheng , Wang Yan-Feng , Zhou Hong-Tao , Yuan Si-Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcoustic/elastic metasurfaces as a kind of two-dimensional metamaterials are of subwavelength thickness and show remarkable ability of acoustic/elastic wave manipulation. They have potential applications in various fields such as acoustic imaging, communications, cloaking, camouflage, vibration/noise control, energy harvesting, and nondestructive testing. In this review, we mainly summarize recent developments in acoustic/elastic phase gradient metasurfaces, including design principles, design of functional elements, wave field manipulation with applications, design of tunable metasurfaces, as well as the emerging digital coding metasurfaces. At last, we outline the future research directions in this field.
Importance of Non-Newtonian Computational Fluid Modeling on Severely Calcified Aortic Valve Geometries—Insights From Quasi-Steady State Simulations
Authors: Mirza Asad , Ramaswamy Sharan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Newtonian model has commonly been used to represent the viscosity of blood in the aorta, despite blood itself being a non-Newtonian fluid. This is justified where shear rates tend to be large. However, we hypothesized that using the Newtonian model to predict the hemodynamics on the aortic valve, particularly in those with severe calcifications, is inaccurate owing to valve leaflet geometry irregularities inducing multiple regions of low shear rates, &lt;100 s−1, where a Newtonian model is invalid. We investigated the utility of three fluid viscosity models via quasi-static simulations: Newtonian, Carreau, and Quemada on a severely calcified aortic heart valve and compared their ability to capture important hemodynamic parameters of wall shear stress (WSS) and the oscillatory shear index (OSI). Our findings indicate that when the shear rates were large enough, &gt;100 s−1, the use of a Newtonian model was justified. However, in spatial regions of relatively low shear rates, &lt;100 s−1, specifically on the inner cusps of the fibrosa side of the valve, WSS calculations under a Newtonian model were found to be noticeably different when compared with their non-Newtonian, Carreau and Quemada counterparts. We hereby conclude that to facilitate more accurate computational flow simulations in severe aortic heart valve calcification, which is subjected to relatively large spatial regions of low shear (&lt;100 s−1), a non-Newtonian model should be applied.
Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Wearable Passive Cam-Based Shoulder Exoskeleton
Authors: Asgari Morteza , Phillips Elizabeth A. , Dalton Britt M. , Rudl Jennifer L. , Crouch Dustin L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mechanically passive exoskeletons may be a practical and affordable solution to meet a growing clinical need for continuous, home-based movement assistance. We designed, fabricated, and preliminarily evaluated the performance of a wearable, passive, cam-driven shoulder exoskeleton (WPCSE) prototype. The novel feature of the WPCSE is a modular spring-cam-wheel module, which generates an assistive force that can be customized to compensate for any proportion of the shoulder elevation moment due to gravity. We performed a benchtop experiment to validate the mechanical output of the WPCSE against our theoretical model. We also conducted a pilot biomechanics study (eight able-bodied subjects) to quantify the effect of a WPCSE prototype on muscle activity and shoulder kinematics during three shoulder movements. The shoulder elevation moment produced by the spring-cam-wheel module alone closely matched the desired theoretical moment. However, when measured from the full WPCSE prototype, the moment was lower (up to 30%) during positive shoulder elevation and higher (up to 120%) during negative shoulder elevation compared to the theoretical moment, due primarily to friction. Even so, a WPCSE prototype, compensating for about 25% of the shoulder elevation moment due to gravity, showed a trend of reducing root-mean-square electromyogram magnitudes of several muscles crossing the shoulder during shoulder elevation and horizontal adduction/abduction movements. Our results also showed that the WPCSE did not constrain or impede shoulder movements during the tested movements. The results provide proof-of-concept evidence that our WPCSE can potentially assist shoulder movements against gravity.
Case Study: Improving Energy Status in a Wheelchair Athlete With Suppressed Resting Energy Expenditure
Authors: Flueck Joelle Leonie , Koehler Karsten 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Wheelchair athletes experience a reduction in fat-free mass due to the underlying condition and/or muscle disuse. This leads to a lower resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as a lower energy expenditure during exercise or daily activities. Traditional markers of low energy availability (LEA), including amenorrhea and low bone mineral density, are often inconclusive in wheelchair athletes. This case study provides data from a professional female wheelchair badminton player with multiple sclerosis who presented with a reduced measured-to-predicted REE ratio (REEratio), a common indicator of LEA in able-bodied athletes. Furthermore, a nutrition and exercise intervention was conducted to restore REE. Methods: REE and body composition were measured using indirect calorimetry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. The predicted REE of the REEratio was calculated using 2 separate approaches. An REEratio <0.9 was considered an indicator for LEA. A nutrition and exercise intervention was implemented to normalize REE and induce weight loss through increased meal frequency, a 200- to 400-kcal/d increase in energy intake, and added endurance exercise. Results: The athlete (33 y, 78 kg, 154 cm) initiallly showed an REEratio of 0.65 to 0.70, which increased to 1.00 to 1.09 after 1 year. The athlete lost 11.8 kg, almost exclusively (11 kg) in the form of fat mass. The athlete reported reduced fatigue and higher perceived fitness. Conclusion: The nutrition and exercise intervention successfully restored energy status, induced sustainable weight loss, and reduced fatigue in a wheelchair athlete with multiple sclerosis with presumed LEA. Methods to assess LEA in this population require further validation.
Dual-processing theory helps to explain delay in diagnosis of Stanford type A aortic dissection
Authors: Moffat Alexander , Formisano Francesco , Routledge Helen , Bradbury Eleanor , Wilson David 
Published: May 2022

A woman in her 70s presented with chest pain, which was initially thought to be an acute coronary syndrome but subsequently felt to be pericarditis. Chest radiography and echocardiography demonstrated striking cardiomegaly and marked biatrial dilatation, likely secondary to undiagnosed restrictive cardiomyopathy. The patient remained well on the ward for some days with only mild discomfort and stable haemodynamics. CT of the thorax went on to unexpectedly demonstrate a Stanford type A aortic dissection. The patient was promptly transferred for emergent surgery but sadly died intraoperatively.Delayed or missed diagnosis of acute aortic dissection (AAD) is common. The dual-processing theory (DPT) of human judgement can be applied to medical decision making and used to explain this potential for diagnostic error in AAD diagnosis. A greater awareness of DPT and the role of heuristics and biases in medical decision making may help to reduce medical diagnostic error.
Venous sinus thrombosis after the first dose of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Imran Ahmad , Azam Bilal , Waheed Muhammad Aamir , Imran Afsheen 
Published: May 2022

mRNA vaccines including Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna have categorically been considered safe when it comes to preventing COVID-19. However, there is still a small associated risk of thromboembolic phenomenon including venous sinus thrombosis with it and our case report highlights one.We describe a patient who developed severe progressive headache, tinnitus and visual disturbance symptoms post-Pfizer-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. His medical history included essential tremors, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease stage 3, anxiety, depression and long-term catheterisation. Systemic examination revealed hypotonia, generalised reduced power and central diplopia along with peripheral visual field defect in the left eye. He was extensively investigated, the COVID-19 PCR test was negative and all routine blood tests were in the normal range except a marginally raised D-dimer of 779 ng/mL. CT head was unremarkable. He was also tested for myasthenia gravis; however, acetylcholine receptors antibodies were negative and nerve conduction studies were normal. Subsequent MRI of the brain with venography confirmed venous sinus thrombosis. A 24-hour Holter monitoring test did not reveal any cardiac rate or rhythm abnormality. He was treated with apixaban as per a neurologist’s advice. His clinical condition started to improve and was later discharged from the hospital with an outpatient neurologist clinic follow-up.