bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of BPO4 Crystals in Low Temperature Gradients
Authors: Artyushenko Maxim , Khokhlov Nikolay , Sadovskiy Andrew , Zykova Marina , Bindiug Denis , Avetisov Roman , Avetissov Igor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe method of synthesis of a monophase boron phosphate (BPO4) powder has been refined. Single crystals of BPO4 free from solvent inclusions and cracks have been obtained by the top‐seeded solution growth technique with the seed orientation [010]. The growth is carried out under conditions of a low axial temperature gradient in the melt‐solution, which is varied in the range of 1–4°C cm−1. The value of the temperature gradient that promotes the growth of defective crystals is determined. The absorption spectra and optical homogeneity of crystals are studied. The chemical composition of polycrystalline BPO4 is studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The purity of the synthesized powder is better than 4 N.
Construction of Benzosultam‐Containing Fused‐ and Linked‐Biheterocycles by a Cascade Double Nucleophilic Cyclization
Authors: Das Jonali , Borah Biraj Jyoti , Das Sajal Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) and many nucleophilic epoxide ring‐opening reactions proceed under similar anionic conditions, the literature examples of using these reactions in tandem for the construction of heterocyclic compounds are scarce. In this article, we disclose a detailed account of the synthesis of benzothiaoxazepine‐1,1‐dioxide‐containing fused‐ and linked‐biheterocycles by a base‐mediated, exo‐selective intramolecular epoxide‐opening/intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution cascade of epoxide‐tethered ortho‐fluorobenzenesulfonamides. A wide range of substrates exhibited high overall yields and complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity
Visible‐Light‐Driven di‐t‐Butyl Peroxide‐Promoted the Oxidative Homo‐ and Cross‐Coupling of Phenols
Authors: Jia Hanqiang , He Min , Yang Shilei , Yu Xiaoqiang , Bao Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe visible‐light‐induced oxidative homo‐ and cross‐coupling of phenols by di‐t‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) are described. These reactions occur with metal‐free process and feature high chemo‐ and regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. DTBP is an inexpensive, benign, stable at room temperature, and commercially available oxidizer. It can be irradiated by blue LEDs to generate tert‐butoxyl radical (tBuO⋅), which induces the oxidative homo‐coupling of phenols and the cross‐coupling of phenols with naphthols, respectively.
Reductive Cross‐Coupling between Arylaldehydes and (Hetero)aryl Electrophiles Using Silylboronate Reductant
Authors: Watanabe Koh , Takeda Mitsutaka , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA catalytic reductive cross‐coupling between arylaldehydes and aryl electrophiles using a silylboronate as a terminal reductant is described. The reaction involves a copper‐catalyzed silylboration of aldehydes affording the O‐borylated α‐silyl alcohols followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with aryl electrophiles. This protocol offers a new opportunity to access 1,1‐diarylmethanol derivatives without rare metals or highly basic organometallic reagents.
Evaluation of plant extracts as an efficient source of additives for active food packaging
Authors: Vieira Dalila M. , Pereira Carla , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Barros Lillian , Petrovic Jovana , Sokovic Marina , Barreiro Maria Filomena , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Castro Maria Cidalia R. , Rodrigues Pedro V. , Machado Ana Vera 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNatural extracts have been used in several traditional medicine applications and culinary purposes. Their biological properties (antioxidant and antimicrobial) are due to the presence of several active aromatic compounds. Herein, different natural extracts were evaluated, namely structural and thermal characterization and biological activity, in its natural form and incorporated into a polymeric matrix, to assess their effective potential as additives for active food packaging. While rosemary presented the highest thermal stability with a degradation starting at 327°C, lemon balm extract was the less stable (180°C). Regarding the thiobarbituric acid assay, all extracts presented antioxidant activity, in oxidative hemolysis inhibition; anise, cinnamon, and clove extract did not present any action. Overall, the results demonstrated that leaves (rosemary and green tea) and the rhizome (curcumin) are the plant parts with the best performance. Therefore, extracts from aromatic plants are promising natural additives that can be incorporated into polymeric matrices to produce active food packaging film, increasing products shelf‐life.
W‐oxo Adamantylidenes: Stable Molecular Precursors for Efficient Silica‐Supported Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Nater Darryl F. , Boudjelel Maxime , Lätsch Lukas , Schrock Richard R. , Copéret Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTungsten oxo adamantylidenes (=Ad) are a new class of readily accessible alkylidenes, that opens the possibility to evaluate a broader class of molecular and supported olefin metathesis catalysts. In this context, W(O)(=Ad)X2, with X=pyrrolide and perfluoro‐tert‐butoxide, were grafted on partially dehydroxylated silica, to generate the corresponding silica‐supported tungsten oxo adamantylidenes. The high thermal stability of the molecular perfluoro‐tert‐butoxide complex, that exists as a dimer in the solid state, even enables its grafting through sublimation. Evaluation of their catalytic activities toward olefin metathesis using standardized protocols show that these supported species display high activity toward internal and terminal olefins. In particular, avoiding the use of solvent during grafting of the highly electrophilic perfluoro‐tert‐butoxide compounds, that can bind to the W center, enable to generate significantly more active catalysts.
The dynamic use of a balanced scorecard in an Italian public hospital
Authors: Bassani Gaia , Leardini Chiara , Campedelli Bettina , Moggi Sara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper aims to analyse the dynamic use of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in an Italian public hospital.Design/Methodology/ApproachA longitudinal case study was conducted at an Italian public teaching hospital over a period of 5 years. The emergence of dynamic use of BSC was traced over a different combination of social, political, economic and organizational realities. A deeper understanding of these realities requires the adoption of a holistic approach to BSC use. Henri's types of system use (i.e., monitoring, attention focussing, strategic decision‐making and legitimizing) frame this approach in a more concrete manner.FindingsThis study adds to the debate on whether BSC is used for aspects other than monitoring in public contexts. The case study offers the first example of a legitimizing use of the system and a first longitudinal case study that traces a dynamic use of BSC: the use evolves from monitoring and attention focussing to monitoring and legitimization. Norms, political parties and top managers play a determining role in this process.Originality/ValueThrough a longitudinal approach, this study presents how BSC can be a dynamic tool steered by legitimacy pressures. The longitudinal study explores how social, political, economic and organizational context shape the implementation and the revision of BSC affecting the use of the tool by top managers. The browse of this dynamism is supported by Henri's type of use along with an in‐depth analysis of the BSC literature evolution in terms of its ‘static, dynamic and expected’ use.
Effects of resistance training intensity on muscle quantity/quality in middle‐aged and older people: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Otsuka Yuta , Yamada Yosuke , Maeda Akifumi , Izumo Takayuki , Rogi Tomohiro , Shibata Hiroshi , Fukuda Masahiro , Arimitsu Takuma , Miyamoto Naokazu , Hashimoto Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or quality under the 2018 revised definition by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Imaging methods [i.e. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance analysis are tools to evaluate muscle quantity or quality. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how low‐intensity and moderate‐intensity resistance training improved both muscle quantity and quality measured by MRI, DXA, and segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S‐BIS) in middle‐aged and older people.MethodsA single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Community‐dwelling people aged 50–79 years were randomly allocated to no exercise (no‐Ex), low‐intensity exercise (low‐Ex), and moderate‐intensity exercise (moderate‐Ex) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed resistance training for 24 weeks, with loads of 40% and 60% of one repetition maximum in the low‐Ex and moderate‐Ex groups, respectively. Cross‐sectional area (CSA), lean mass, and muscle electrical properties on S‐BIS were used to determine the effects of training interventions on muscle quantity and quality of the lower limbs.ResultsFifty participants (no‐Ex 17, age 63.5 ± 8.5 years, women 47.1%; low‐Ex 16, age 63.6 ± 8.1 years, women 50.0%; moderate‐Ex 17, age 63.5 ± 8.3 years, women 52.9%) completed the 24 week exercise intervention. For the primary outcome, significant intervention effects were found in thigh muscle CSA on MRI between the moderate‐Ex and no‐Ex groups (+6.8 cm2, P < 0.01). Low‐Ex for 24 weeks only increased quadriceps CSA (+2.3 cm2, P < 0.05). The per cent change of thigh muscle CSA (+7.0%, P < 0.01) after 24 week moderate‐Ex was higher than that of leg lean mass on DXA (+2.3%, P = 0.088). Moderate‐Ex for 24 weeks also improved S‐BIS electrical properties related to muscle quantity and quality, including the intracellular resistance index (+0.1 cm2/Ω, P < 0.05), membrane capacitance (+0.7 nF, P < 0.05), and phase angle (+0.3 deg, P < 0.05); their changes were positively correlated with that of thigh muscle CSA (P < 0.01).ConclusionsResistance exercise with moderate intensity improved muscle quantity and quality measured by MRI and S‐BIS, whereas that with low intensity only increased muscle quantity in middle‐aged and older people. The comparisons among the responses to exercise between the assessment methods indicate the greater value of MRI and S‐BIS to measure changes of muscle quantity and quality than of lean mass measured by DXA for assessing the local effects of resistance training.
Histology of the stomach in the Caucasian squirrel, a scanning electron microscope and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Massoud Ehab , El‐Kott Attalla , Morsy Kareem , Massoud Diaa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study was performed to investigate the gross anatomy, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry of the stomach in the Caucasian squirrel. A total of five male squirrels were included. The obtained results showed that the shape of the stomach was acutely crescent and consisted of four regions namely; cardiac, fundus, body, and pylorus. The stomach glandular and its wall was consisted of four layers; serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. All part of the mucosa was covered by a simple columnar epithelium. Furthermore, gastric glands were of the simple tubular type. The mucous cells of the fundic and body regions were PAS‐positive. In the lower third of the gastric glands, parietal, and chief cells were identified. The number of chief cells was increased toward the pyloric area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fundus region contained many plicae and grooves and each plica carried numerous glands opening. In the body region, cells were polygonal and formed network‐like structures. In the pyloric region, a mucosal ridge between the body and antrum and a thick mucosal crest on the lesser curvature were identified. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Sox9 was strongly expressed in the fundic region, however, its expression in the body and pylorus was moderate to weak. In conclusion, there are some similarities and differences between the stomach of the Caucasian squirrel and other mammals including rodents. The obtained results may enhance our basic knowledge regarding the feeding habits and digestive system histophysiology of this species.
Melanoma‐derived extracellular vesicles mediate lymphatic remodelling and impair tumour immunity in draining lymph nodes
Authors: Leary Noelle , Walser Sarina , He Yuliang , Cousin Nikola , Pereira Paulo , Gallo Alessandro , Collado‐Diaz Victor , Halin Cornelia , Garcia‐Silva Susana , Peinado Hector , Dieterich Lothar C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTumour‐draining lymph nodes (LNs) undergo massive remodelling including expansion of the lymphatic sinuses, a process that has been linked to lymphatic metastasis by creation of a pre‐metastatic niche. However, the signals leading to these changes have not been completely understood. Here, we found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from melanoma cells are rapidly transported by lymphatic vessels to draining LNs, where they selectively interact with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) as well as medullary sinus macrophages. Interestingly, uptake of melanoma EVs by LN‐resident LECs was partly dependent on lymphatic VCAM‐1 expression, and induced transcriptional changes as well as proliferation of those cells. Furthermore, melanoma EVs shuttled tumour antigens to LN LECs for cross‐presentation on MHC‐I, resulting in apoptosis induction in antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our data identify EV‐mediated melanoma—LN LEC communication as a new pathway involved in tumour progression and tumour immune inhibition, suggesting that EV uptake or effector mechanisms in LECs might represent a new target for melanoma therapy.
Knockdowns of red Malphigian tubules reveal pigmentation roles in the milkweed bug
Authors: Francescutti Caroline M. , Martin Arnaud , Hanly Joseph J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClassical Drosophila eye color mutations have unearthed a toolkit of genes that have permitted candidate gene studies of the outstanding diversity of coloration patterns in other insects. The gene underlying the eye color phenotypes of the red Malphigian tubules (red) fly mutant was mapped to a LysM domain gene of unknown molecular function. Here, we used RNAi to test the role of a red ortholog in the pigmentation of the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, and contrast its effect with the ommochrome biosynthetic pathway gene vermilion (ver). Pigmentation was reduced in the cuticle of embryonic legs and first instar abdomens following parental RNAi against red, but not against ver, likely reflecting an effect on pterin biogenesis. Nymphal RNAi of red and ver both resulted in adult eye depigmentation, consistent with an effect on ommochrome content. These results suggest red loss‐of‐function impacts biochemically distinct types of pigments, and we discuss its putative role in the biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles such as ommochromasomes and pterinosomes.
Ramsey numbers of large books
Authors: Chen Xun , Lin Qizhong , You Chunlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA book is a graph which consists of triangles sharing a common edge. In 1978, Rousseau and Sheehan conjectured that the Ramsey number satisfies for some constant . In this article, we obtain that for all and large, which confirms the conjecture of Rousseau and Sheehan asymptotically. As a corollary, our result implies that a related conjecture of Faudree, Rousseau and Sheehan on strongly regular graph holds asymptotically.
Enhancing the Erdős‐Lovász Tihany Conjecture for line graphs of multigraphs
Authors: Wang Yue , Yu Gexin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove an enhanced version of the Erdős‐Lovász Tihany Conjecture for line graphs of multigraphs. That is, for every line graph whose chromatic number is more than its clique number and for any nonnegative integer , any two integers with , there is a partition of the vertex set such that and . In particular, when , we can obtain the same result just for any . The Erdős‐Lovász Tihany conjecture for line graphs is a special case when .
The potential for scaling up container‐based sanitation in informal settlements in Kenya
Authors: Mallory Adrian , Mdee Anna , Agol Dorice , Hyde‐Smith Leonie , Kiogora Domenic , Riungu Joy , Parker Alison 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKenya has enshrined the right to sanitation in the 2010 constitution. Achieving this requires scaling up infrastructure and models of delivery beyond sewer networks that have previously been the focus. In Kenya, two enterprises, Sanergy and Sanivation, have been providing new forms of off‐grid services with container‐based sanitation (CBS). This paper uses a political economy analysis to understand the incentives, institutions and power dynamics that are enabling or constraining the potential for such off‐grid sanitation models. The paper outlines six core problems to be addressed in the pursuit of scaling up: fragmented governance; sustainability of CBS enterprise models; service delivery planning in informal settlements; personal power rather than institutions in decision‐making; vested local interests; and land tenure and political connection. It discusses how stakeholders might work collaboratively to progressively address or recognise these issues.
Lateral entorhinal cortex lesions impair odor‐context associative memory in male rats
Authors: Persson Bjorn M. , Ambrozova Veronika , Duncan Stephen , Wood Emma R. , O’Connor Akira R. , Ainge James A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) has been hypothesized to process nonspatial, item information that is combined with spatial information from medial entorhinal cortex to form episodic memories within the hippocampus. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that LEC has a role in integrating features of episodic memory prior to the hippocampus. While the precise role of LEC is still unclear, anatomical studies show that LEC is ideally placed to be a hub integrating multisensory information. The current study tests whether the role of LEC in integrating information extends to long‐term multimodal item‐context associations. In Experiment 1, male rats were trained on a context‐dependent odor discrimination task, where two different contexts served as the cue to the correct odor. Rats were pretrained on the task and then received either bilateral excitotoxic LEC or sham lesions. Following surgery, rats were tested on the previously learned odor‐context associations. Control rats showed good memory for the previously learned association but rats with LEC lesions showed significantly impaired performance relative to both their own presurgery performance and to control rats. Experiment 2 went on to test whether impairments in Experiment 1 were the result of LEC lesions impairing either odor or context memory retention alone. Male rats were trained on simple odor and context discrimination tasks that did not require integration of features to solve. Following surgery, both LEC and control rats showed good memory for previously learned odors and contexts. These data show that LEC is critical for long‐term odor‐context associative memory.
Sex‐specific contribution of glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoforms to anxiety and depressive‐like behavior in mice
Authors: Aleksic Minja , Brkic Zeljka , Petrovic Zorica , Francija Ester , Lukic Iva , Adzic Miroslav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdolescent stress predisposes individuals to increased risk for anxiety and depression in adulthood. The stress response is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via regulation of GR‐responsive genes involved in brain reaction to stress. Although dysregulation of GR in depression is well documented, this is the first study investigating the role of GRα isoforms in pathogenesis of depression. We exposed adolescent male and female C57BL/6J mice to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 12 days starting at postnatal day 28 (PND28). Tests evaluating anxiety and depressive‐like behaviors were performed at PND70. We analyzed corticosterone concentrations in serum, levels of GRα isoforms (95, 67, 50, 40, and 25 kDa), and mRNA levels of GR‐responsive genes (GR, FKBP5, BDNF, and IL‐1β) in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). CUS increased anxiety and depressive‐like behavior in adult animals of both sexes, but did not affect corticosterone serum levels, 95 and 67 kDa GR isoforms. However, the levels of shorter GRα isoforms (50, 40, and 25 kDa) were altered in adult mice underwent CUS, in sex‐ and brain structure–specific way. Changes in gene expression revealed that female depressive‐like behavior could be related to increased levels of IL‐1β in hippocampus and reduced BDNF levels in both hippocampus and PFC. However, in males, adolescent CUS increased expression of GR in adult hippocampus and BDNF in PFC. These findings suggest that adolescent stress altered levels of GRα isoforms, especially those with lower molecular weight, in sex‐ and tissue‐specific ways, contributing to anxiety and depression in adult mice.
Improved spring temperature reconstruction using earlywood blue intensity in southeastern China
Authors: Cao Xinguang , Hu Hongbing , Kao Pei‐ken , Buckley Brendan M. , Dong Zhipeng , Chen Xiuling , Zhou Feifei , Fang Keyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBecause instrumental observations are too short to fully represent long‐term natural variability, high‐resolution temperature proxy records are essential to understanding past climate and assessing current climate variability in the context of long‐term patterns. In the subtropics, progress in this field has been hampered by a relative lack of long and truly temperature‐sensitive proxy records. In this study, we provide an assessment of the dendroclimatic potential of blue intensity (BI) and ring‐width (RW) measurements from two hot/humid Pinus massoniana sites in China. Our results show that RW exhibits a significant (p < .05) response to precipitation over a hydrological year (previous November to October) and to temperature over the winter–spring season (January to March). We find the earlywood blue intensity parameter to be the most robust parameter for reconstruction purposes; over the 1916–2015 period, it explains 36% of regional‐scale spring season (March–May) temperature variance. Strong agreements between the current reconstruction and observed temperature over a large area of southeastern China implied that our reconstruction exhibited high reliability and large spatial representation. As expected, our reconstructed temperature data are directly correlated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation. These results suggest that there is great potential to use BI to advance our understanding of temperature variability in regions hot and humid climate regimes. However, more studies are needed to understand (1) which subtropical tree species will be appropriate for use and (2) how to overcome biases from differential staining between sapwood and heartwood.