bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Needle Core Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Breast Lumps with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Siddique Rizia , Sinha Anuradha , Adhikary Moumita , Phukan Jyoti Prakash 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Diseases of breast constitute a large proportion of cases in surgical practice and need to be differentiate between benign from malignant lesions prior to definite treatment.

Aims and Objective:
The aim is to determine the accuracy with the benign and malignant lesions can be differentiated by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and needle core biopsy (NCB) and to correlate the findings of NCB with histopathological diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
It is a prospective study for one and half years comprising of 104 patients of breast lumps who underwent FNAC, NCB, and surgical excision followed by histopathological examination. Data have been collected and analyzed regarding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC and NCB in comparison with histopathology (HP).

Results:
Out of 104 patients, the most common age group is 41–50 years (35 cases, 33.7%). The most common HP diagnosis was infiltrating ductal carcinoma followed by ductal carcinoma in situ (50 cases and 12 cases, respectively). In our study, we found FNAC has sensitivity 94.3%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 87.9%, diagnostic efficiency 95% while NCB has sensitivity 97.3%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 81.8% and diagnostic accuracy 97.6% in diagnosing breast lumps.

Conclusion:
NCB is better in comparison to FNAC in diagnosing breast lumps. However, the role of FNAC cannot be ignored in our settings especially in the diagnosis of benign breast conditions. NCB should be considered as second-line method of investigation in case of any doubt to rule out missed diagnosis of breast carcinoma.
Assessment of water and sediment quality variation due to organic and conventionally irrigated pre-germinated rice-field cultivation
Authors: Jesus Enio Sebastião Vicente de , Longoni Letícia Schönhofen , Vargas Luciano Kayser , Beneduzi Anelise 
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the water and sediment quality of samples collected from different points in organic (O1, O2, O3, and O4) and conventional (C1, C2, and C3) pre-germinated rice fields located in Viamão/RS. Quality indicators such as phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, manganese, iron, turbidity, and BOD5 reduced water quality beyond Classes 3 and 4, as defined by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. Based on the aluminum levels, the water samples collected from all the points were categorized as Class 4; furthermore, the IQA classified the quality of water samples from Points O4 and C1 as “bad.” The COD/BOD ratio was high, demonstrating that the biodegradable fraction was considerably low. The conductivity of water at points O4, C1, C2, and C3, exceeded 100 µS/cm, as defined by CETESB, indicating impacted environments. The levels of zinc in C1 and nickel in O2, C2, and C3 in the sediment exceeded the quality reference values established by the FEPAM Ordinance 85/2014. In general, the lowest water quality was observed in the samples collected from Points O2 and O4, and the lowest sediment quality was observed in the samples collected from all points in the conventional rice fields and from Point O2 in the organic rice field.
Keywords: CETESB, coliforms, CONAMA no 357/2005, FEPAM Ordinance no 85/2014, irrigated rice, physicochemical analysis.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN VIDEO UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN DARING BAGI DOSEN DILINGKUNGAN STMIK WIDYA CIPTA DHARMA
Authors: Basrie Basrie , Yusnita Amelia 
Published: April 2022

Pembelajaran daring merupakan konsep yang sudah banyak diterapkan oleh negara maju. Negara berkembang seperti indonesia tidak mau ketinggalan dalam konsep pembelajaran daring ini. STMIK Widya Cipta Dharma merupakan perguruan tinggi yang ikut bertransformasi digital melakukan kegiatan belajar dengan memanfaatkan teknologi internet. Salah satu metode pembelajaran daring di STMIK Widya Cipta Dharma adalah mengupload video pembelajaran. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah tidak semua dosen yang mahir atau memiliki kemampuan dalam pembuatan video khususnya dalam penggunaan software Filmora, pada pelaksanaan pengapdian masyarakat ini ditujukan untuk dosen STMIK Widya Cipta Dharma dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan dan kreatifitas dosen, Mengubah gaya mengajar konvesional tatap muka menjadi daring, dan merupakan alternatif belajar yang tidak mengharuskan dosen atau mahasiswa untuk hadir dikelas. Dalam pelaksanaanya pemateri memberikan ceramah dan praktek membuat video yang dihubungkan dengan LCD Proyektor. Setelah mengikuti pelatihan ini diharapkan dosen mampu memahami dan lebih kreatif dalam pembuatan video pembelajaran.
ANALISA DAN DESAIN LOGISTIK TELKOM AKSES SAMARINDA UNTUK KELUAR MASUK MATERIALBERBASIS WEB
Authors: Arfyanti Ita , Bustomi Tommy , Purwanto Bayu 
Published: April 2022

Telkom Akses Samarinda adalah sebuah anak perusahaan dari PT. Telkom Tbk, yang bergerak dibidang telekomunikasi yang menyediakan berbagai jenis layanan yang berhubungan dengan telekomunikasi. Untuk membantu melakukan monitoring logistik telkom akses samarinda untuk keluar masuk barang maka dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi yang di gunakan untuk memonitoring aktifitas keluar masuknya barang , telkom akses samarinda berkomitmen untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan perusahaan. dalam memantau setiap kegiatan keluar masuknya logistik dari proses permintaan dari operation hingga barang tersebut bisa dikeluarkan dari gudang dan digunakan bagian operation.Dalam penulisan ini hanya akan menjelaskan proses analisis dan design aplikasi logistik telkom akses untuk keluar masuk material saja. Sehingga di harapkan kedepannya dapat membantu dalam pengembangannya dan direalisasikan menjadi sebuah aplikasi webdan di harapkan bisa memenuhi kebutuhan perusahaan.
MEMANGUN GAME 3D SIDE SCROLL DAN MENERAPKAN MODEL BEHAVIOR TREEPADA NPC ENEMY DALAM GAME “MAVERICK”
Authors: Pratiwi Heny , Pahrudin Pajar , Nassa M Yuditia Arfiyanto T 
Published: April 2022

Untuk menjadikan Game dapat menarik maka perlu dikembangkan Non Player Character (NPC) yang mempunyai kemampuan seperti manusia, AI (artificial intelligent) yaitu kecerdasan buatan yang dibuat untuk dapat memberikan kesan pada npc yang terlihat lebih alami dan berprilaku mirip manusia, baik npc tersebut adalah tokoh sampingan yang membantu pemain dalam progres cerita atau sebagai musuh yang harus di kalahkan pemain.
Behavior tree adalah sebuah cara yang terstruktur dalam pengalihan tugas pada autonom agent atau AIseperti robot atau virtual entity dalam game komputer (npc). Behavior Tree adalah cara yang sangat efisien dalam membangun sistem kompleks yang modular dan reaktif.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dibuatnya game side scrolling yang memnpunyai grapik 3 dimensi. Dalam game terdapat non-playable character (NPC) yang menggunakan behavior tree yang mengontrol prilaku npc tersebut. Perilaku npc tersebut akan bereaksi terhadap aksi yang dilakukan oleh pemain dalam game.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENEMPATAN ODP (OPTIC DISTRIBUTION POINT) UNTUK CV.RAHMAN BERSAUDARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SMART(SIMPLE MULTI ATTRIBUTE RATING TECHNIQUE) BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Rahman Aulia Abdul , Salmon Salmon , Aditya Pitrasacha 
Published: April 2022

Metode pengumpulan data mengunakan metode observasi dan metode pengembangan sistem mengunakan waterfall karena metode ini mempunyai tahapan-tahapan yang jelas nyata dan praktis. Kemudian pengujian sistem yaitu Black Box dan Beta Testing, sehingga sistem yang didapat sesuai dengan keinginan para calon penguna.
Adapun hasil akhir dari penelitian ini yakni berupa Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penempatan ODP untuk CV.Rahman Bersaudara Menggunakan metode SMART berbasis Webini akan diperoleh manfaat yang besar, dimana user dengan mudah memperoleh jawaban dimana tempat / lokasi yang akan diprioritaskan dalam pemasangan ODP.
An analysis of preventive behaviour: Identifying the factors affecting voluntary self-isolation during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: ANKARA Hasan Giray , DEĞERLİ Hakan , DEĞERLİ Havvana 
Published: April 2022

Background: There has been limited research in revealing the socioeconomic determinants of self-isolation during COVID-19 pandemic.
Aim: This study examines socioeconomic factors affecting voluntary self-isolation during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study exploits the virtually collected data of 933 individuals living in Turkey. The survey was conducted in the period between 06 April and 10 April when the people (at 20 - 65 years old) were not in compulsory quarantine and the curfews on the weekends and official holidays were not in force. A hierarchical multivariate regression design is used to identify the factors affecting voluntary self- isolation.
Results: It is found that gender, marital status, region, occupation and distance working opportunity have significant impacts on voluntary self-isolation status. In contrast, age, income, education and vulnerability against pandemic (i.e., having a chronic disease, pregnancy and living with someone older than 65 years of age) do not have associations with voluntary self-isolation status.
Conclusion: People living in large cities are less likely to be isolated voluntarily. Hence the policies restrict outing in the large cities may be influential on controlling the spread of coronavirus. Additionally, public employees are considerably less likely to be isolated voluntarily. Given that the clear effects of distance working on voluntary self- isolation status, it is believed that distance working policies especially for public employees may influence the spread of coronavirus.
Morse Code Translator
Authors: Pratik Parhi  , Parthivi Gaikwad  , Audumbar Salvi  
Published: April 2022

•	Translates text into Morse Code.
•	Can also convert Morse code into English Text.
•	Introduces Morse code to beginners.
•	Gives additional information about Morse Code.
•	It is going to be a website.
Education and Training Interventions for Caregivers of People With Stroke (January 1, 1999–December 31, 2019)
Authors: Mack Amanda , Hildebrand Mary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Systematic Review Briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each Systematic Review Brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This Systematic Review Brief presents findings from a systematic review on interventions providing only education and training for caregivers of people with stroke.
Long-term outcome of pars plana Ahmed valve implant and vitrectomy in eyes with refractory glaucoma
Authors: Dubay Sareta K , Dwarika Dorian , Bhola Ronnie , Kumar Balakrishna Vineeth 
Published: April 2022

Background: Pars plana vitrectomy with implantation of an Ahmed glaucoma valve in the vitreous cavity has been reported with a success rate in the management of refractory and neovascular glaucoma. This study aimed to present the outcomes of pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve (PPAV) surgical implantation in cases with refractory glaucoma.
Methods: In this single-center, retrospective, comparative study, 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with refractory glaucoma who underwent PPAV surgical implantation between October 2015 and October 2019 were evaluated. A successful post-op outcome was defined as postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) less than or equal to 21 mmHg upon examination and a reduction in the number of anti-glaucoma agents used at the latest follow-up.
Results: As a final count, 81 eyes of 78 patients with refractory glaucoma were included; 54 (66.66%) of the eyes had neovascular glaucoma. The mean follow-up was 20.65 ± 12.17 months (range: 2?52 months). The mean pre-op IOP was 40.01 ± 1.19 mmHg and reduced significantly to 16.73 ± 0.82 mmHg at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001); thus, a successful IOP outcome was achieved in 88.89% of eyes. The mean number of anti-glaucoma agents decreased significantly from 2.86 ± 0.09 pre-operatively to 1.46 ± 0.11 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001); while 61 (75.31%) of eyes had a reduction in the number of IOP lowering eye drops, and 14 (17.28%) had no need for IOP lowering eye drops.
Conclusions: PPAV surgery is a successful procedure for IOP reduction in patients with refractory glaucoma. Our study demonstrated either elimination or reduction of IOP, lowering eye drops postoperatively. Large scale studies with a comparison group, a longer follow-up, and having various subtypes of glaucoma are required as future research to confirm these outcomes.
Top 100 most cited papers on medicinal plants research
Authors: Trivedi Guptnath , Gupta Nitesh Kumar , Kumar Vinay , Ramanathan Thirugnanasambandam , Bharadwaj Alok , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Noviar Rizki Andita , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: April 2022

Background: The idea of the paper is to identify trends and examine the characteristics of the top 100 cited papers on medicinal plants research. Methods: Web of Science citation database was queried to identify the citations of the top 100 most cited papers on medicinal plants research. R and Excel statistical software were employed to extract bibliographic data on various parameters such as number of authors, publication year, journal name, country of origin, research collaboration, trend of research etc. The top 100 cited papers were extracted for further statistical and visual analysed on various grounds. Results: 100 top-cited articles were identified where these papers published in 51 journals, led by Journal of Ethnopharmacology (36 papers) and other journals. All most cited papers were published during 1993 to 2020. The common areas of study were categorized as radical scavenging activities of medicinal plants, antioxidant behaviour of medicinal plants, antiviral and anti-bacterial application, use of medicinal plants in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such diabetes and cancer etc. India and China emerged as leading nations performing medicinal plants research and greater author’s collaboration were witnessed in medicinal plants research with an overall collaboration index of 4.39.
Lassan a testtel, avagy a személyek konstitúciós elméletének kritikája
Authors: Katona Ágnes 
Published: April 2022

A kortárs analitikus metafizikában viszonylag új témának számít a személyek ontológiája, amely azzal a kérdéssel foglalkozik, hogy nekünk, emberi lényeknek mi a metafizikai természetünk: milyen más dolgokkal tartozunk egy ontológiai kategóriába és mik a fennmaradásunk feltételei. Dolgozatomban a személyes ontológiában igen népszerűnek számító állásponttal, a személyek konstitúciós nézetével foglalkozom. Célom megmutatni, hogy népszerűsége ellenére a konstitúciós nézet igen gyenge lábakon áll, mert egyrészt ellentmondásos, másrészt nehezen hihető állítások következnek belőle. A személyek konstitúciós nézete azt állítja, hogy mi, emberek a személyek ontológiai kategóriájába tartozunk, és minket a testünk konstituál. A személyek olyan létezők, amelyek esszenciálisan rendelkeznek bizonyos mentális tulajdonságokkal, ezért időbeli fennmaradásuk mentális tulajdonságaikhoz kötött. Mivel azonban a személyeket a testük konstituálja, ezért materiális létezők, akik fizikai részecskékből állnak, és nem képesek valamilyen őket konstituáló fizikai test nélkül létezni.
A tanulmányban először bemutatom a konstitúciós nézetet, majd a mellette szóló érv egy saját rekonstrukcióját adom. Ez alapján láthatóvá válik, hogy az elmélet kritikusai mely premisszák hamissága mellett tudnak érvelni, illetve hogy mely állítások együttese hozza létre az általam részletesen tárgyalt túl sok elme problémáját. Végül amellett érvelek, hogy a túl sok elme problémája nem csak, hogy kontraintuitív következményekkel jár, de rámutat egy, a konstitúciós nézeten belüli ellentmondásra is.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Scabies In An Urban Slum Area, Islamabad
Authors: Faridi Tallat Anwar , Rathor Hamayun Rashid 
Published: April 2022

Scabies is a parasite infection that affects both men and women of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds. Scabies traditionally affects the hands, between the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, genital areas, and breasts in women. Prolonged skin-to-skin contact, hand-holding, or sexual contact are the most prevalent modes of transmission. Scabies is a sexually transmitted illness because transmission takes 15-20 minutes of close contact. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of scabies in an urban slum in Islamabad. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a slum area of Islamabad. A simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of households. The sample size was 397. A specially designed, semi-structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher to collect information on all study variables related to demography and other variables related to scabies. The collected data thus collected were entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21. The results were produced in the form of frequency, percentages, valid percentages and cumulative percentages, graphs and tables and tabulated form. Results: The results showed that 57% of population was suffering from scabies at the time of the study. Gender (male) (p-value 0.286), marital status (married) (p-value 0.126), educational status (illiterate) (p-value 0.005), income (<6000) (p-value 0.005), and length of residence (>2 years) (p-value 0.000) were significantly associated with scabies. Conclusions: It is concluded that there was a high prevalence of scabies in the study population. Gender, marital status, educational status, income, and length of residence were strongly associated with the prevalence of scabies in that population while a number of people living in one room (overcrowding) was not associated with the prevalence of scabies.
The European Community's Evolving Precautionary Principle – Comparisons with the United States and Ramifications for Doha Round Trade Negotiations
Authors: Daemen Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

Summary: Acceptance of the precautionary principle has grown from its historic roots in Germany to encompass virtually every European Community Member State and institution, including the Court of Justice. However, this broad support belies notable uncertainty regarding the principle's true meaning and standards of application at both the Community and Member State level. Similar ambiguities exist in the United States. United States regulators frequently employ precautionary standards but do so without explaining the rationale for their approach or drawing upon the lessons of their European colleagues. These uncertainties are to be expected from a concept as intrinsically vague and indeterminate as the precautionary principle. However, they make it exceedingly difficult to incorporate the principle into the current Doha round of trade negotiations. Simply put, if a negotiator is not certain of her own position, how can she most effectively argue the merits of her position to others? United States and European authorities should therefore regroup and decide for themselves precisely what the principle means, and how it should be implemented, before debating its merits in the current round of WTO negotiations.
Emissions trading as a new dimension to European environmental law: the political agreement of the European Council on greenhouse gas allowance trading
Authors: Peeters Marjan 
Published: April 2022

On 9 December 2002 the (Environment) Council of the European Union unanimously agreed on a common position on a Commission's proposal for a Directive establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowance trading. This follows the idea that a common European emissions trading system should be preferred above a collection of national emissions trading systems. The European framework for emissions trading needs to be filled in by the Member States. One of their main tasks will be to allocate the greenhouse gas allowances according to a National Allocation Plan. The use of new regulatory instruments as emissions trading will raise new legal questions, which not always can be foreseen before the real application of the instrument in practice. It does not seem to be that the relevant institutions in the European Community already have a clear insight in all the necessary provisions for a well-functioning and just emissions trading scheme. Especially the allocation of the tradable emissions rights can be questioned. With the present criteria, the allocation of the transferable rights will likely be a complicated and probably time-consuming task for the national governments. The European politicians seem to be willing to take this risk with emissions trading in order to build experience with combating the climate change effect.
Multilateral Organisations,Fossil Fuels and Energy Law and Policy: The Tower of Babel Re–visited
Authors: Aidelojie Kenneth 
Published: April 2022

In recent weeks, it appears that regulatory and related policy interest in OPEC and other oil producers rises in direct proportion to the price of oil. On 26–27 June, European Union representatives will be travelling to Siberia in order to seek new regulatory arrangements on oil and gas imports, as well as concessions in relation to Western European investment in the Russian energy sector. Prime Minister Gordon Brown is in Saudi Arabia, seeking regulatory concessions related to higher production levels for oil in order to force prices down. Against this backdrop, he has threatened to spend up to £100 billion (C=127 billion) weaning citizens off the expensive energy imports that threaten family budgets. Similarly, in the recent presidential primaries in the United States, Hillary Clinton promised to bring legal action against OPEC in relation to its cartel status. Notwithstanding the implicit evidence of the weak bargaining power of consumer nations that are forced to visit producer nations for “constructive talks, there is much to commend scholarly attention to the role of regional and multilateral institutions in relation to fossil fuels regulation at this time.
This article analyses the role of these institutions (Section 1) particularly in relation to OPEC, against the backdrop of the energy dependency (Section 2) that has evolved among leading oil consumer nations. In Section 3, we scrutinize dual energy pricing, as well as the trade compatibility of one of the EU’s answers to oil dependency, the Renewable Energy Sources Directive. We then proceed to analyse unilateral and multilateral litigation prospects in respect of OPEC’s export regulatory control practices (Section 4) prior to offering some constructive concluding remarks. In view of the current third wave international energy crisis, it is right that multilateralism should serve as a sensible way forward given the abject failure of individual consumer states thus far to both advance a sustainable energy security regulatory and policy framework and, in an integrated fashion, to address the challenges of climate change.