bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and mechanisms of cyanobacterially induced precipitation of magnesium silicate
Authors: Lamérand Céline , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Petit Mathis , Bénézeth Pascale , Rols Jean‐Luc , Pokrovsky Oleg S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biomineralization of CO2, in the form of carbonate minerals, is considered as one of the efficient solutions of atmospheric CO2 removal, allowing stable and sustainable storage of this greenhouse gas. Cyanobacteria are among the most powerful microorganisms capable of precipitating carbonate minerals, both in the present and in the past. In the modern environments, high Si concentration during geoengineering biomineralization could occur due to dissolution of Mg‐bearing primary silicates such as olivine. However, most of experimental studies aimed to understand the formation of these carbonates were performed in Si‐poor solutions. Thus, experimental characterizations of the nature, rate, and stoichiometry of precipitated minerals in Si‐rich solutions in the presence of bacteria are lacking. The present study attempted to reproduce, in controlled laboratory experiments, the processes of biomineralization in a carbonate‐ and Mg‐bearing medium having high Si concentrations (2–4 mM, which is below the saturation with respect to amorphous silica). These experiments have been carried out in the presence of three contrasting cyanobacteria: Synechococcus sp., Chroococcidiopsis sp. and Aphanothece clathrata in order to characterize the rate of formation, stoichiometry and mineralogical nature of precipitates. The results demonstrated significant role of cyanobacteria in the precipitation of carbonate and silicate minerals by increasing the pH of the medium during photosynthesis. Magnesium precipitation rates measured between 50 and 150 h of reaction time ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mmol h−1 gdry1 and decreased (Synechococcus sp. and Chroococcidiopsis sp.) or increased (A. clathrata) with an increase in the Si:Mg ratio in solution. The abiotic instantaneous rates of Mg and Si removal from alkaline solutions were similar to those in the presence of cyanobacteria at the same pH value suggesting that photosynthetically induced pH rise was the main factor of mineral formation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopic observations and associated analyses identified an amorphous magnesium silicate together with hydrous Mg carbonates (hydromagnesite). The formation of carbonate solid phase at high Mg: Si ratios indicated the potential for the removal of inorganic carbon at pH > 10. The difference in the degree of C removal between different species was primarily linked to different degree of pH rise during photosynthesis. Taken together, the results obtained in this study allowed an efficient reproduction of combined magnesium hydroxo‐carbonates and hydrous silicates precipitation under cyanobacterial activity, suitable for geoengineering of biologically controlled CO2 sequestration in Si‐Mg‐carbonate‐bearing solutions.
Feasibility of a best–worst scaling exercise to set priorities for autism research
Authors: Davis Scott A. , Howard Kirsten , Ellis Alan R. , Jonas Daniel E. , Carey Timothy S. , Morrissey Joseph P. , Thomas Kathleen C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe preferences of autism stakeholders regarding the top priorities for future autism research are largely unknown.ObjectiveThis study had two objectives: First, to examine what autism stakeholders think new research investments should be and the attributes of investment that they consider important, and second, to explore the feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of two prioritization exercises among autism stakeholders regarding their priorities for future research in autism.DesignThis was a prospective stakeholder‐engaged iterative study consisting of best–worst scaling (BWS) and direct prioritization exercise.Setting and ParticipantsA national snowball sample of 219 stakeholders was included: adults with autism, caregivers, service providers and researchers.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcomes measures were attributes that participants value in future research investments, and priority research investments for future research.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen participants completed the exercises, of whom 11% were adults with autism, 58% were parents/family members, 37% were service providers and 21% were researchers. Among stakeholders, the BWS exercises were easier to understand than the direct prioritization, less frequently skipped and yielded more consistent results. The proportion of children with autism affected by the research was the most important attribute for all types of stakeholders. The top three priorities among future research investments were (1) evidence on which child, family and intervention characteristics lead to the best/worst outcomes; (2) evidence on how changes in one area of a child's life are related to changes in other areas; and (3) evidence on dietary interventions. Priorities were similar for all stakeholder types.ConclusionsThe values and priorities examined here provide a road map for investigators and funders to pursue autism research that matters to stakeholders.Patient or Public ContributionStakeholders completed a BWS and direct prioritization exercise to inform us about their priorities for future autism research.
The impact of product characteristics and innovativeness on the benefits of collaboration
Authors: Hacardiaux Thomas , Tancrez Jean‐Sébastien , Defryn Christof , Verdonck Lotte 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHorizontal collaboration is a promising avenue to improve the efficiency of logistical operations. However, the benefits strongly depend on the degree of fit between partners. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the partners' product characteristics on those benefits, focusing on their innovativeness. Companies supplying functional versus innovative products have different requirements in supply chain efficiency and responsiveness, which impacts the benefits that can be reached with a given partner. To assess the collaborative benefits, we use a location–inventory model accounting for the partners' individual interests and the costs revealing the responsiveness level of the supply chain (facilities, transportation, cycle inventory, safety stocks and stock‐outs). The model offers a set of Pareto‐optimal solutions balancing the partners' costs to support the selection and negotiation process. Finally, we perform numerical experiments in which the partners supply products with identical or different levels of innovativeness and with various demand volumes, leading to valuable managerial insights on the impact of product characteristics on collaborative benefits.
The development of artificial intelligence in education: A review in context
Authors: Pham Son T. H. , Sampson Pauline M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn fact, most schools around the world are not well equipped to have discussions and keep current on the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in many aspects of society and economy. They either ignore this conversation, or simply criticize technology, but these resistances are not stopping wide spread of various types of AI projects in schools, mainly driven by corporations, and fueled by incentives that might not match well with long term educational objectives of student success, diversity, equity, and inclusivity.ObjectivesThe overall purpose is to address the rising gap between the ultrafast development of AI and the meticulous technological application of education, and to suggest the important bridge of building technological leadership in teacher preparation to get ready for the grow of AI in education.MethodsThe contextual review examines the field of AI development in education through three lenses: conceptual context, practice context, and research context.Results and ConclusionsThe paper provides educators and policy makers an overall background of the phenomenon of AI in education. The study has revealed there is an urgent need for research and development in teacher preparation as well as in the philosophy of technology in education to bridge the gap between AI and education.
Oral fat tolerance testing identifies abnormal pancreatic β‐cell function and insulin resistance in individuals with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Liu Lifang , Hou Xiaoyu , Song An , Guan Yunpeng , Tian Peipei , Wang Chao , Ren Luping , Tang Yong , Gao Ling , Xing Xiaoping , Song Guangyao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionInsulin sensitivity and β‐cell function are affected by lipid metabolism disorders, even before the onset of type 2 diabetes. People are in the postprandial state most of the time. Therefore, identifying postprandial hyperlipemia is important. This study aimed to assess patients with abnormalities in lipid metabolism, but with normal glucose tolerance, using oral fat tolerance testing (OFTT) to identify defects in insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function.Materials and MethodsWe included 248 volunteers with normal glucose tolerance who underwent OFTT. They were divided into three groups in accordance with their fasting and 4‐h postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Their lipid concentrations during OFTT were compared. The disposition index (DI) was applied to estimate β‐cell function, and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIM) was used to assess insulin sensitivity. We used multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the relationships of fasting and postprandial TG concentrations with β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity .ResultsThe changes in TG concentrations during OFTT were more marked than those in low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol or total cholesterol concentrations. As lipid metabolism deteriorated, the ISIM and the DI gradually decreased. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fasting and 4‐h postprandial TG concentrations affected LnISIM and LnDI.ConclusionsIn individuals with normal glucose tolerance, β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity gradually decrease with a deterioration in the lipid profile. Not only fasting TG, but also postprandial TG concentrations are independent risk factors for impaired β‐cell function and insulin resistance.
Slower growth of farmed eels stocked into rivers with higher wild eel density
Authors: Wakiya Ryoshiro , Itakura Hikaru , Hirae Tatsumu , Igari Tadamitsu , Manabe Miyuki , Matsuya Noriaki , Miyata Katsushi , Sakata Masayuki K. , Minamoto Toshifumi , Yada Takashi , Kaifu Kenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFarmed anguillid eels are frequently stocked into natural fresh waters to enhance eel resources, but little is known about what happens to these eels or their interactions with wild eels after stocking. A recent study observed a depressed survival and growth rate of farmed Japanese eels when they were reared with wild eels, which indicated that wild eels might interfere with the survival and growth of farmed‐and‐stocked eels through intraspecific competition. To contribute to improving eel stocking efficiency, the growth of farmed‐and‐stocked Japanese eels was compared among four rivers with different wild eel densities using mark‐and‐recapture studies. Based on the 2‐year recapture survey after stocking, it was found that the density of the farmed‐and‐stocked eels was not significantly different among rivers. The daily growth rates of farmed‐and‐stocked eels in the rivers with lower wild eel density were significantly higher than those of the eels stocked into the rivers with higher wild eel density. The farmed‐and‐stocked eels moved significantly greater distances downstream than wild eels that showed sedentary behaviour. This and previous studies indicate that significant questions remain about the effectiveness of stocking farmed eels into water bodies where naturally recruited wild eels are present.
VA nursing home compare metrics as an indicator of skilled nursing facility quality for veterans
Authors: Manges Kirstin A. , Medvedeva Elina , Ersek Mary , Burke Robert E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Veterans Administration (VA) provides several post‐acute care (PAC) options for Veterans, including VA‐owned nursing homes (called Community Living Centers, CLCs). In 2016, the VA released CLC Compare star ratings to support decision‐making. However, the relationship between CLC Compare star ratings and Veterans CLC post‐acute outcomes is unknown.MethodsRetrospective observational study using national VA and Medicare data for Veterans discharged to a CLC for PAC. We used a multivariate regression model with hospital random effects to examine the association between CLC Compare overall star ratings and PAC outcomes while controlling for patient, facility, and hospital factors. Our sample included Veteran enrollees age 65+ who were community‐dwelling, experienced a hospitalization, and were discharged to a CLC in 2016–2017. PAC outcomes included 30‐day unplanned hospital readmission, 30‐day mortality, 100‐day successful community discharge, and a secondary composite outcome of unplanned readmission or death within 30‐days of the hospital discharge.ResultsOf the 25,107 CLC admissions, 4088 (16.3%) experienced an unplanned readmission, 4069 (16.2%) died within 30‐days of hospital discharge, and 12,093 (48.2%) had a successful 100‐day community discharge. Admission to a lower‐quality (1‐star) facility was associated with lower odds of successful community discharge (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.66, 0.91) and higher odds of a combined endpoint of 30‐day mortality and readmission (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.09, 1.49), compared to 5‐star facilities. However, outcomes were not consistently different between 5‐star and 2, 3, or 4‐star facilities. Star ratings were not associated with individual readmission or mortality outcomes when considered separately.ConclusionThese findings suggest comparisons of 1‐star and 5‐star CLCs may provide meaningful information for Veterans making decisions about post‐acute care. Identifying ways to alter the star ratings so they are differentially associated with outcomes meaningful to Veterans at each level is essential. We found that 1‐star facilities had higher rates of 30‐day unplanned hospital readmission/death, and lower rates of 100‐day successful community discharges compared to 5‐star facilities. Yet, like past work on CMS Nursing Home Compare ratings, these relationships were found to be inconsistent or not meaningful across all star levels. CLC Compare may provide useful information for discharge and organizational planning, with some limitations.
Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
Authors: Cameron L. A. , Tonge B. J. , Howlin P. , Einfeld S. L. , Stancliffe R. J. , Gray K. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that adults with autism tend to have poor outcomes. Outcomes have mostly been defined using summary outcome ratings, with less focus on specific outcomes such as employment, living situation, social satisfaction, loneliness, and friendships. This study aimed to explore social and community outcomes, including employment, education, living arrangements, friendships, and social satisfaction, for autistic adults with and without intellectual disability.MethodEighty‐four adults with autism (mean age 34.2 years, SD = 4.5; 67% with co‐occurring intellectual disability), recruited as children and adolescents, participated in the current study. Adult social and community inclusion outcomes were explored through interview and questionnaire, both parent/carer‐report and self‐report.ResultsParticipants predominantly lived with family or in supported accommodation, did not pursue higher education, and mostly participated in day activity programmes. Most had limited friendships as reported by parents/carers; however, self‐report data (n = 28) indicated that adults were largely satisfied with their social relationships. Overall outcome was poor for 57%, and good/very good for 34%. Adults with intellectual disability generally had poorer outcomes.ConclusionAutistic adults encountered numerous difficulties in leading an independent life. Adults with co‐occurring intellectual disability were most likely to experience difficulties; however, outcomes ranged from poor to very good for adults without intellectual disability. Discrepancies in parent/carer‐report and self‐reported experiences of friendships highlight the need to ensure individual experiences are captured in addition to parent/carer‐report. Appropriate resources and programmes are crucial for adults with autism to support them to have the choice to live independently.
Exploration of potential lipid biomarkers for age‐induced hair graying by lipidomic analyses of hair shaft roots with follicular tissue attached
Authors: Ma Yuchen , He Congfen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge‐induced hair graying (AIHG)is one of the visual hallmarks of aging, but its biological mechanism remains unclear. Changes in the hair‐follicle lipid profiles associated with AIHG have not been defined.ObjectivesTo define the differences in the hair follicle lipid profiles of female black and gray/white hair follicles.MethodsThe lipid profile of hair follicles was determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS). Multivariate data analysis was used to determine changes in the lipid profiles in hair follicle roots.ResultsWe identified the different lipids in hair follicle roots between black hair (HB) and white hair (HW) and analyzed the key lipids that contribute to the development of HW. The results showed that the total lipid content of the HW was significantly reduced. There were significant differences in sphingolipid content, with HB higher than HW. Two subclasses, glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and galactosylceramide, were significantly different. GlcCer, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid levels were higher in the HB group. The sphingolipid metabolism involved in GlcCer(d18:1/24:1[15Z]) is a statistically significant lipid metabolic pathway.ConclusionFive major individual lipid candidates are involved in the production of AIHG. GlcCer shows a significant reduction in HW and is a potential target for further research into AIHG.
No place like home – Or is there? Extended transformational potential of nursing homes during vital conjunctures
Authors: Leino Henna M. , Hurmerinta Leila , Sandberg Birgitta , Menzfeld Mira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this study is to explore how the concept of ‘feeling at home’ manifests in nursing home environments and influences the transformational potential of such homes—servicescapes where customers experience vital conjunctures.BackgroundRecent research on places highlights the potential of service venues as places that can promote well‐being. Nursing homes bridge the concepts of ‘home’ and a service with transformational aspirations. Moving to a nursing home can be regarded as a vital conjuncture, yet despite the resultant mixed emotions, nursing homes can generate positive changes and meaningful relations.Design; MethodsA qualitative field study with ethnographic features was conducted in two Finnish nursing homes. The data consist of observations and 64 semi‐structured interviews. COREQ guidelines were followed.Results‘Feeling at home’ is built on: (1) artefacts and surroundings, (2) functions and activities and (3) relationality and atmosphere. A home‐like experience related to each category is important in enabling customers to feel at home, thus assisting in dealing with the vital conjuncture, but the transformative power of nursing homes is linked most closely to respectful, kind attendance of the others and a positive atmosphere.ConclusionsThe roles of nurses and a homely servicescape are essential in dealing with residents' vital conjunctures, whether those residents employ resistance or adjustment coping methods. Positive transformations that evoke residents' re‐balancing and well‐being are enabled in nursing homes that support residents' important relationships, identity, safety and self‐efficacy. This positive transformation also aids family members with their associated vital conjunctures, thus multiplying the service's transformational potential.Patient or public contributionService users and caregivers were involved in the design and conduct of the data in this study.Relevance to clinical practiceCreating a homely atmosphere in nursing homes fosters not only residents' but also family members' re‐balancing and well‐being.
A Bayesian adaptive algorithm (QUEST) to estimate olfactory threshold in hyposmic patients
Authors: D'Alessandro Andrea , Grigorescu Oana , Höchenberger Richard , Ohla Kathrin , Hummel Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe sense of smell is important as a warning system, in social communication and in guiding food intake. Impairment is common, and cases are increasing following COVID‐19. Olfactory dysfunction may lead to decreased quality of life. There are several established ways to assess olfaction including the “Sniffin’ Sticks” which are a validated test for healthy and diseased populations.MethodsThe odor threshold is traditionally determined using a single staircase procedure, with narrow or wide step. We investigated a Bayesian adaptive algorithm (QUEST) to estimate olfactory threshold in a hyposmic population compared with a healthy control group. Thresholds were measured using the three procedures in two sessions (Test and Retest).ResultsAll the tested methods showed considerable overlap in both groups: there was a positive correlation between the QUEST procedure and classic staircase method (r = 0.88), and high test–retest reliability for all three methods used (Sniffin’ Sticks narrow: r = 0.81; Sniffin’ Sticks wide: r = 0.95; QUEST: r = 0.80).ConclusionsResults from these approaches exhibit considerable overlap with all of them being suitable for clinical use. An advantage of the QUEST method can be the defined number of trials needed to determine an odor threshold.
The Relationship Between Early Classroom Activities and English Language Learners’ Later Math Problem‐Solving Performance: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Swanson H. Lee , Kong Jennifer , Li Jui‐Teng , Petcu Stefania D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis exploratory study determined the relationship between math instructional activities in Wave (year) 1 and English language learner (ELL) children's math problem‐solving performance in Wave (year) 2. The math performance of ELL children (N = 291) in Grades 1, 2, and 3 was tested in two testing waves. Two major findings emerged. First, strategy instruction, peer interaction, and explicit instruction in Wave 1 uniquely predicted English problem‐solving scores in Wave 2 independent of grade level, vocabulary, calculation, and problem‐solving at Wave 1. Second, the frequency of explicit instruction and peer interactions was significantly related to the odds of predicting ELL children at risk for math disabilities. The results are discussed within the context‐specific instructional activities that were positively related to later math outcomes.