bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Zarmi Yair 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In view of interest in relativistic harmonic oscillations in media, through which the speed of light is orders of magnitude smaller than in vacuum, the solution of the equation of motion is analyzed in the extreme- and weak-relativistic limits. Using scaled variables, it is shown rigorously how the equation of motion exhibits the characteristics of a boundary-layer problem in the extreme-relativistic limit: The solution differs from a sharp asymptotic pattern only around the turning points of oscillations over a vanishingly small fraction of the period. The sharp asymptotic pattern of the solution is a saw-tooth composed of linear segments. The velocity profile tends to a periodic step function and the phase-space plot tends to a rectangle. An expansion of the solution in terms of a small parameter that measures the proximity to the limit (v/c) → 1 yields an excellent approximation for the solution throughout the whole period of oscillations. In the weak-relativistic limit the same approach yields an approximation to the solution that is significantly better than in traditional asymptotic expansion procedures.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Individuals with Antibody Deficiency: Findings From The COV-AD Study
Authors: Shields Adrian M , Faustini Sian E. , Hill Harriet J. , Al-Taei Saly , Tanner Chloe , Ashford Fiona , Workman Sarita , Moreira Fernando , Verma Nisha , Wagg Hollie , Heritage Gail , Campton Naomi , Stamataki Zania , Klenerman Paul , Goddard Sarah , Johnston Sarah , Huissoon Aarnoud , Bethune Claire , Elcombe Suzanne , Lowe David M. , Patel Smita Y. , Savic Sinisa , Burns Siobhan O. , Richter Alex G. , Consortium COV-AD 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Vaccination prevents severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in the general population. The immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with antibody deficiency is poorly understood.
Objectives
COVID in patients with antibody deficiency (COV-AD) is a multi-site United Kingdom study that aims to determine the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with primary or secondary antibody deficiency, a population that suffers from severe and recurrent infection and does not respond well to vaccination.
Methods
Individuals on immunoglobulin replacement therapy or with an IgG less than 4g/L receiving antibiotic prophylaxis were recruited from April 2021. Serological and cellular responses were determined using ELISA, live-virus neutralisation and interferon gamma release assays. SARS-CoV-2 infection and clearance were determined by PCR from serial nasopharyngeal swabs.
Results
5.6% (n=320) of the cohort reported prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but only 0.3% remained PCR positive on study entry. Seropositivity, following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, was 54.8% (n=168) compared with 100% of healthy controls (n=205). The magnitude of the antibody response and its neutralising capacity were both significantly reduced compared to controls. Participants vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine were more likely to be seropositive (65.7% vs 48.0%, p=0.03) and have higher antibody levels compared with the AstraZeneca vaccine (IgGAM ratio 3.73 vs 2.39, p=0.0003). T cell responses post vaccination were demonstrable in 46.2% of participants, were associated with better antibody responses but there was no difference between the two vaccines. Eleven vaccine-breakthrough infections have occurred to date, 10 of them in recipients of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrate reduced immunogenicity in patients with antibody deficiency with evidence of vaccine breakthrough infection.
Assessment of Undernutrition Using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Rural Area of Bogor District in Indonesia
Authors: Permatasari Tria Astika Endah , Chadirin Yudi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) can assess anthropometric failure by combining the three conventional index measurements of weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, and weight-for-length/height to determine the nutritional status of children under five years. This study aims to assess undernutrition using the CIAF and its determinants on children under five years in the rural area of ​​Bogor District, in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during February-May 2019 among 330 pairs of mother-children (under five years). Sample selected by systematic random sampling from four villages as undernutrition pockets in the rural area of ​​Bogor District, Indonesia. The nutritional status of children was assessed by measuring weight and length/height. Then, Z-score was calculated using WHO Anthro software and categorized based on conventional indices that included weight-for-age (WAZ), length/height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-length/height (WHZ). CIAF is measured based on a combination of conventional index measurements. In addition, the characteristics of mother’s and child, and clean living behavior measured by structured questionnaires. Meanwhile, environmental sanitation is assessed by the environment meter. Binary logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyze the dominant factors associated with undernutrition.Results: The prevalence underweight, stunted, and wasted was 27.8%, 29.7%, and 10.6% respectively. Children who are undernutrition are 42.1% according to the CIAF of which about a quarter (17.8%) of undernutrition children experience a single anthropometric failure, about half (22.2%) had dual failure, and 2.1% had multiple failures. The most dominant factor associated with underweight, stunted, and wasted is family income [p-value=0.018; AOR=5.44; 95% CI: 1.34-22.11], mother's height [p-value=<0.001; AOR=3.29; 95% CI:1.83-5.91], and child's age [p-value=0.013; AOR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.22-5.47] respectively. Mother's height is the most dominant factor associated with anthropometric failure (CIAF) [p-value=0.008; AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 2.19-3.19].Conclusion: CIAF is worthwhile in preventing undernutrition in children under five years. The CIAF can identify more malnourished children than the conventional index. CIAF can use more widely in various regions in Indonesia and other developing countries. Furthermore, improvements in improving nutrition for mother’s in the child since the First 1000 days of life period are needed to determine optimal nutritional status as an indicator of growth success.
Stress Accumulation and Earthquake Activity on the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia
Authors: Rafie Muhammad Taufiq , Sahara David P. , Cummins Phil R. , Triyoso Wahyu , Widiyantoro Sri 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The seismically active Sumatra subduction zone has generated some of the largest earthquakes in the instrumental record, and both historical accounts and paleogeodetic coral studies indicate such activity has historical recorded megathrust earthquakes and transferred stress to the surrounding, including the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF). Therefore, evaluating the stress transfer from these large subduction earthquakes could delineate the highly stressed area as potential-earthquake region along the GSF. In this study, we investigated eight megathrust earthquakes from 1797 to 2010 and resolved the accumulated Coulomb stress changes onto the 18 segments along the GSF. Additionally, we also estimated the rate of tectonic stress on the GSF segments which experienced large earthquake using the case of: (1) no sliver movement and (2) with sliver movement. Based on the historical stress changes of large earthquakes and the increase in tectonic stress rate, we analysed the historical stress changes time evolution on the GSF. The Coulomb stress accumulation of megathrust earthquakes between 1797-1907 increase the stress changes mainly on the southern part of GSF which followed by four major events between 1890-1943. The estimation of tectonic stress rates using case (1) produces low rate and long recurrence intervals which implies that the megathrust earthquakes plays an important role in allowing the GSF earthquake to occur. When implementing the arc-parallel sliver movement of case (2) to the calculation, the tectonic stress rates is 9 to 58 times higher than case (1) of no sliver movement. The observed slip rate of 15-16 mm/yr at the GSF is consistent with the recurrence interval for full-segment rupture of 100-200 years obtained from case (2). This suggests that the GSF earthquake is more controlled by the rapid arc-parallel forearc sliver motion. Furthermore, the analysis of stress changes time evolution model shows that some segments such as Tripa (North and South), Angkola, Musi and Manna appear to be brought back in their seismic cycles since these segments have experienced full-segment rupture and likely locked, increasing their earthquake hazard potentials.
Correlation between Red Blood Cell Distribution width, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil to Platelet Ratio with 3-month Prognosis of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shaafi Sheida , Bonakdari Ehsan , Sadeghpour Yalda , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a parameter that indicates the heterogeneity of red blood cell size and could be as a prognostic factor in some diseases. Also, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is considered a vascular event with a high mortality rate. Here, we aimed to examine the role of RDW, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and neutrophil to platelet ratios (NPR) in predicting the prognosis of patients with ICH.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study which conducted on 140 patients with ICH admitted to the neurology ward and intensive care unit (ICU) in Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Demographic data, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and complete blood count (CBC) test parameters evaluated within 24 hours after hospitalization. These variables collected and re-evaluated three months later. Results: The mean age of the study population was 61.14 (±16) years and 51% were male. RDW had a significant positive correlation with hemoglobin concentration (r=0.3; p<0.001) and significant negative correlation with MCHC (r=-0.57; p<0.001) and neutrophil count (r=-0.235; p=0.006). Also, the mean NLR (p=0.05), neutrophil and platelet count (p=0.05), NIHSS (p=0.05), and RDW (p=0.01) had a significant difference between the deceased patients and those who partially recovered after 3 months. Moreover, the results of logistic regression showed variables including RDW (p=0.006) and NIHSS (p<0.001) levels were correlated significantly with mortality. Conclusion: RDW could be an appropriate prognostic factor and predictor in determining 3-months survival in ICH. Nevertheless, further large-scale prospective cohorts might be needed to evaluate the associations.
Group-Based Trajectory Modeling A Retrospective Study To Assess Adherence To Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Warfarin Among Atrial Fibrillation Patients and Comorbid Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Mohan Anjana , Majd Zahra , Trinh Trang , Paranjpe Rutugandha , Abughosh Susan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Poor adherence to oral anticoagulants is a significant problem in atrial fibrillation (AF), especially among patients with comorbid hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidemia as it increases the risk for cardiac and thromboembolic events. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) has been used to depict longitudinal patterns of adherence.
Aim

This primary objective was to describe adherence trajectory patterns of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin among AF patients with HTN, DM, and hyperlipidemia using GBTM. The secondary objective was to report the clinical outcomes and concomitant drug use among DOAC/warfarin cohort
Method

This retrospective study was conducted among continuously enrolled Medicare Advantage Plan from January 2016-December 2019. AF patients were included in this study if they had comorbid HTN, DM, and hyperlipidemia with at least one pharmacy claim for warfarin/DOAC prescription. Monthly adherence to DOAC/warfarin was measured using proportion of days covered (PDC) and then modeled in a logistic GBTM to describe patterns of adherence. Patient’s demographic, clinical characteristics, and concomitant use of DOACs/warfarin with CYP3A4,P-gp inhibitors were measured and compared across trajectories.
Results

Among 317 patients, 137 (59.62%) and 79 (24.92%) were DOAC, and warfarin users, respectively. The trajectory model for DOACs included gradual decline in adherence (GD, 40.4%), adherent (38.8%), and rapid decline (RD, 20.8%). The trajectories for warfarin adherence included gradual decline (GD, 18.9%), adherence (59.4%), and gaps in adherence (GA, 21.7%).
Conclusion

Adherence to oral anticoagulants is suboptimal. Interventions tailored according to past adherence trajectories may be effective in improving patient’s adherence.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Modes of CRCB Specimen Under Impact Loading
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Yang Ke , Dou Litong , Wei Zhen , Chi Xiaolou , Xu Rijie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To explore the dynamic mechanical characteristics of coal-rock combined body (CRCB) load-bearing structures, impact tests were performed on CRCB specimens by using a separated Hopkinson pressure bar test device (SHPB) combined with an ultra-high-speed camera system. The propagation characteristics of stress wave , dynamic stress-strain relationship, energy evolution law, and distribution characteristics of CRCB crushed particles in the impact tests were analyzed. The obtained results showed that: with the increasing of impact velocity, the effect of the wave impedance difference between the CRCB specimens and incident bar on stress wave propagation is gradually weakened. The peak strength (sII) and peak strain of the CRCB had obvious strain-rate effects, the ratio of reflected energy decreases linearly. In addition, with increased impact velocity, the growth rate of the peak strength and ratio of absorbed energy gradually dropped, changing approximately as a power function. Macro-fractures of the CRCB mainly occurred at the coal or rock ends which is far away from the interface. When the stress at the crack tip is greater than the "weakened" coal or rock strength, the crack will continue to develop across the coal and rock interface. With the increasing of impact velocity and rock strength, the crushed coal particles gradually transform from massive to powdering, and the average size of crushed coal blocks decreases, which leads to a gradual increase in the fractal dimension of the CRCB specimens. Therefore, the monitoring and prevention of dynamic loads should be strengthened in the coal mines with thick and hard roofs.
Fixed-time Active Disturbance Rejection Consensus Tracking Control of A Multi-Agent System via Event-Triggered Mechanism
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Yuwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A fixed-time active disturbance rejection control (FTADRC) consensus tracking strategy is proposed for a class of non-affine nonlinear multi-agent systems with an event-trigger-based communication. Non-affine followers are transformed into affine ones by combining the implicit function theorem with the mean value theorem. A distributed event-triggered estimator is introduced based on its neighbor output information. It is for estimation of a leader’s signal for parts of followers, who are not able to access the leader signal in a direct manner. A distributed FTADRC control strategy is then developed via an event-triggered communication in the framework of backstepping technology. With the help of the fixed-time control, the settling time of an MAS is assignable and independent on initial conditions. Extended state observers and tracking differentiators are employed to compensate unknown dynamics of each follower in real time and estimate derivatives of virtual control laws, respectively. It is proven theoretically that the MAS achieves input-to-state practically stability and the consensus tracking error converges to a neighborhood around the origin in a fixed time. Also, Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, two examples are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Evaluation of Bacterial Diversity in a Swine Manure Composting System Contaminated With Veterinary Antibiotics (VAs)
Authors: Bohrer Robson Evaldo Gehlen , Carissimi Elvis , Guerra Divanilde , Silva Danni Maisa , Lorensi Eduardo de Souza , Vasconcelos Marlon de Castro , Wolff Delmira Beatriz , Rodriguez Adriane Assis Lawisch 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was identify microorganisms present in swine effluent composting system, under the contamination by most use veterinary drugs in Brazil. The composting took place for 150 days, where was addition of 200 liters of manure (these 25 liters initially contaminated with 17 antibiotics) in 25 kg of eucalyptus wood shavings. Microorganisms were measured at times (0 until 150 days), and were identified in the V3-V4 regions of the 16S RNAr for Bacteria, by means of next-generation sequencing (NSG). The results showing 7 different Bacteria Phyla and, 70 Bacteria Genus identified (more than 1% significance), in total there were more than 26 phyla and 585 genera of bacteria. The genus Brucella was found during mesophilic and thermophilic phases, this genus, not yet been reported in article involving composting process. These results suggested the potential of adaptation of the bacterial community with antibiotics denoted through the antibiotics.
Public Control of Radiation Hazardous Facilities: Experience and Results
Authors: Ekidin Alexey A. , Vasilyev Aleksey V. , Vasyanovich Maxim E. , Nazarov Evgeniy I. , Pyshkina Maria D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Independent public control of nuclear facilities is aimed at raising awareness of the general public about the effectiveness of measures to protect the environment from the radiation effects. The experience and the result of interaction between specialists of the Academy of Sciences and a higher school in organizing and conducting public control by instrumental methods of the territories for the location of radiation-hazardous facilities: uranium mining sites by underground leaching, the area of the Belarusian nuclear power plant in the pre-operational period, the area of the floating nuclear power plant "Akademik Lomonosov" and the publicly accessible territory of control area of the Mayak Production Association. Such a pooling of efforts allows for the formation of new ways of obtaining reliable information for any interested public. The results of special studies characterizing the radioecological situation in the surveyed territories are presented.
Modulation of GmFAD3 Expression Alters Abiotic Stress Responses in Soybean
Authors: Singh Ajay K , Raina Susheel Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Aher Lalitkumar , Ratnaparkhe Milind B , Rane Jagadish , Kachroo Aardra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are a class of enzymes that mediate desaturation of fatty acids by introducing double bonds. They play an important role in modulating membrane fluidity in response to various abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive analysis of FAD3 in drought and salinity stress tolerance in soybean is lacking. We used Bean Pod Mottle Virus (BPMV)-based vector for achieving rapid and efficient overexpression as well as silencing of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase gene from Glycine max (GmFAD3) to assess the functional role of FAD3 in abiotic stress responses in soybean. Higher levels of recombinant BPMV-GmFAD3A transcripts were detected in overexpressing soybean plants. Overexpression of GmFAD3A in soybean resulted in increased levels of jasmonic acid and higher expression of GmWRKY54 as compared to mock-inoculated, vector-infected and FAD3-silenced soybean plants under drought and salinity stress conditions. FAD3A overexpressing plants showed higher levels of chlorophyll content, efficient photosystem-II, relative water content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, proline content and also cooler canopy under drought and salinity stress conditions as compared to mock-inoculated, vector-infected and FAD3-silenced soybean plants. Results from the current study revealed that GmFAD3A overexpressing soybean plants exhibited tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. However, soybean plants silenced for GmFAD3 were vulnerable to drought and salinity stresses.
Developmental Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Expression Profile of Global Proteins of Haemaphysalis Longicornis (Parthenogenesis)
Authors: Liu Wenge , Luo Jin , Ren Qiaoyun , Wang Qilin , Li Jing , Diao Peiwen , Cao Runlai , Zhang Gaofeng , Luo Wenwei , Liu Peiwen , Li Wen , Guan Guiquan , Luo Jianxun , Yin Hong , Wang Hui , Xiang Li , Liu Guangyuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Ticks are important parasites that cause more diseases than most other animal parasites. Haemaphysalis longicornis is used as an experimental animal model for the study of three-host ticks due to its special life cycle and easy maintenance in the laboratory and in its reproduction. The life cycle of H. longicornis goes through a tightly regulated life cycle to adapt to the changing host and environment, and these stages of transition are also accompanied by proteome changes in the body. Methods: In this study, the aim was to use the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique to systematically describe and analyze the dynamic expression of protein and the molecular basis of the proteome of H. longicornis in seven differential developmental stages (eggs, unfed larvae, fed larvae, unfed nymphs, fed nymphs unfed adults, and fed adults). Results: A total of 2,059 proteins were identified, and their expression profiles were classified at different developmental stages. In addition, it was found that tissue and organ development-related proteins and metabolism-related proteins showed that they were involved in different physiological processes throughout the life cycle through the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). More importantly, we found that the upregulated proteins of fed adult ticks were mainly related to yolk absorption, degradation, and ovarian development-related proteins. The abundance of the cuticle proteins in the unfed stages were significantly higher compared with those of the fed ticks in the previous stages. Conclusions: In short, the protein spectrum changes identified in this study provide a reference proteome for future studies of tick functional proteins and provide candidate targets for elucidating tick development and developing new tick control strategies.