bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine Biomarker Phenotype for Early Prediction and Triage of Sepsis in Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Wang Jun , Wen Dalin , Zeng Shi , Du Juan , Cui Li , Sun Jianhui , Chen Guosheng , Zeng Ling , Du Dingyuan , Zhang Lianyang , Deng Jin , Jiang Jianxin , Zhang Anqiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to establish the profiles of cytokines in trauma patients to characterize the nature of the immune responses to sepsis, which might enable early prediction and individualized treatments to be developed and targeted.Methods: A 15-plex human cytokine magnetic bead assay system was used to measure analytes in citrated plasma samples. Analysis of these cytokine kinetics was performed on 40 patients with severe blunt trauma admitted to our trauma center between March 2016 and February 2017 with Injury Severity Score (ISS) more than 20 with regard to sepsis (Sepsis-3) over a 14-day time course.Results: In total, six cytokines changed in trauma patients between the different timepoints at day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Additionally, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, MDC, GRO, sCD40L, G-CSF, and FGF-2 significantly distinguished between sepsis and nonsepsis at day 3 and afterward with an area under the curve of up to 0.90 when the eight biomarkers (P < 0.001) were combined. Event-related analysis demonstrated 1.5- to 4-fold serum level changes for these cytokines within 72 hours before clinically apparent sepsis. Conclusion: Cytokine profiles demonstrate high discriminatory ability to timely identify evolving traumatic sepsis. These abrupt changes allow sepsis detection up to 72 hours before clinically overt deterioration. Measurement of these cytokines might enable future studies to better predict, diagnose, and characterize traumatic sepsis, as well as confer the potential for physicians to timely initiate treatment with reduced mortality and costs.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials, NCT01713205. Registered 22 October 2012, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT01713205
Increased Numbers of Circulating Th22 and Th17 Cells in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Liwen Zhang , Zhiying Huang , Mei Xue , Xiaoyu Zhang , Fei Wang , Xuan Zhao , Yu Wan , Liang Ma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
T-helper (Th) 17 and Th22 cells are critical for the pathogenic process of Kawasaki Disease (KD).
Methods
A total of 43 children with freshly diagnosed KD and 20 healthy controls (HC) were quantified for the numbers of Th17, Th22 and Th1 cells by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum IL-17, IL-22, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were examined by ELISA.
Results
Compared to those in the HC, significantly increased numbers of Th17 and Th22 cells, but not Th1 cells, and higher levels of serum IL-17 and IL-22, but not IFN-γ, were found in KD patients. Stratification analysis indicated the numbers of both Th17 and Th22 cells and the concentrations of serum IL-17 and IL-22 in KD patients with coronary artery lesions (CAL) were significantly greater than that in those with noncoronary artery lesions (NCAL). Treatment with the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy significantly decreased numbers of Th22 and Th17 cells as well as the serum concentrations of IL-22 and IL-17 in KD patients. The concentrations of serum IL-22 and IL-17 were correlated positively with C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values as well as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in those patients respectively.
Conclusions
Our study provided direct evidence that Th22 and Th17 cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of KD.
A Unified Primary Care Approach for the Management of Insomnia and Confusion Using the Clinical Pathway
Authors: Kabeya Megumi , Yuasa Shu , Ina Kenji , Tokoro Chiaki , Kubota Yosuke , Kayukawa Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Delirium -characterized by an acute or subacute decline in cognitive functioning- and confusion are risk factors for falls and its related injuries. Therefore, we designed a unified clinical pathway to reduce the risk of delirium among hospitalized patients.
Methods
A unified approach of pharmacotherapy for managing insomnia and confusion, which is subdivided based on the patients’ age (<70 versus ≧70 years) and presence of diabetes mellitus, was implemented in Nagoya Memorial Hospital, Japan. Risk factors for delirium were assessed via a multidisciplinary approach. For older high-risk patients, suvorexant or trazodone was prophylactically prescribed to promote sleep. If delirium occurred, either quetiapine or perospirone was administered prior to the usage of risperidone or haloperidol. The amounts of prescribed sleep inducers and antipsychotic agents were examined. The application rate of the clinical pathway and incidence of falls were compared before and after its introduction.
Results
The application of a unified approach significantly decreased the prescribed amounts of benzodiazepines and may be associated with the reduced incidence of falls among inpatients.
Conclusions
A clinical pathway assisted the selection of sleep inducers and antipsychotic agents. This is useful for managing elderly patients safely by preventing delirium and subsequent falls.
Pleural and pulmonary dissemination patterns from gastric adenocarcinoma among patients with treated primary disease in Latin-America.
Authors: Restrepo Juliana , Fierro Carlos Andrés Carvajal , Facundo Helena , Gonzalez Felipe , Ramirez Ana María , Beltrán Rafael , Buitrago Ricardo , Jiménez Andrés Felipe , Carreño José , Oliveros Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Latin-America is one of the regions with the highest incidence of gastric cancer. Even though, there are not reports about the patterns of pleural and pulmonary metastases in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated with curative intent and the prognosis according to each dissemination pattern.Methods: retrospective cohort study at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Colombia. Results: the study included 450 patients, 51.3% were male and the median age was 63 years. Intestinal adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological subtype, in 261 cases (58.0%). Gastric cancer initial pathological stage was stage I in 23.3% of the patients, stage II in 19.3% and stage III in 53.6%. During a median follow-up of 31.9 months, 37(8.2%) patients developed lung or pleural abnormalities; among those, 14(3.1%) met the criteria for pleuro-pulmonary metastases: 6(1.3%) had lymphangitic metastasis, 4(0.9%) had a mixed pattern of pleural and lung nodules, 3(0.7%) had pleural metastasis, and only one (0.2%) had hematogenous metastasis. The median overall survival was 114.5 months for the entire cohort and 38.2 (95%CI,19.2–57.2) months for patients with pleuro-pulmonary metastases. Patients with pleural metastasis and lymphangitic carcinomatosis had median survival of 24.3 (95%CI,0.01–51.0) and 26.4 (95%CI,18.2–34.7) months, respectively.Conclusions: incidence of pleuro-pulmonary metastases in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated with curative intention was low. In our series, lymphangitic carcinomatosis was the main pattern of dissemination; meanwhile, hematogenous metastasis was rare and patients with pleural carcinomatosis had the lowest median survival. These findings and their prognosis were different compared to those reported in Eastern countries.
Identification of Key Genes and Biological Pathways of Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T Cell in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bao Lingling , Sun Kai , Zhang Xuede 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The immune microenvironment of lung cancer is complex, and T-cell tolerance is a primary mechanism of immune evasion. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) miRNAs regulate immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing to tumor immune suppression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods: TEX miRNA expression dataset (GSE111803) and CD8+ T cells mRNA expression profile (GSE90728) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. The intersection of target genes of DEMs and DEGs was defined as the overlapped target genes. We performed the function and pathway analysis for DEGs and the overlapped genes by the DAVID tool and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to screen modules and hub genes. Results: In total, 7 DEMs (5 upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs) and 672 DEGs (219 upregulated and 453 downregulated genes) were identified, then 185 overlapped genes for upregulated DEMs were selected for further analysis. GO analysis indicated the DEGs were mainly enriched in positive regulation of B cell activation, innate immune, while the overlapped genes were primarily involved in regulation of immune response. The pathway analysis suggested DEGs were primarily enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, while the overlapped genes were primarily enriched in osteoclast differentiation. The PPI network revealed three significant modules for DEGs and the overlapped genes sets. These modules genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, chemokine signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, respectively.Conclusions: These results preliminarily revealed the mRNA expression profiles and the molecular regulatory mechanism of TEX miRNA regulated tumor immune response in LUAD.
Practical system approaches to realise the human rights to water and sanitation: results and lessons from Uganda and Cambodia
Authors: Kimbugwe C. , Sou S. , Crichton-Smith H. , Goff F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The United Nations General Assembly's 2010 legal recognition of the human rights to water and sanitation shaped approaches of many actors working to improve access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Persistent challenges of poor WASH sustainability, scale and inclusion are increasingly being tackled through system thinking and system strengthening. However, little has been written about how participatory system analysis and monitoring can equip and empower WASH actors to apply system thinking, self-assess and course-correct in their own work to improve sustainable WASH for all. WaterAid's Sustainable WASH Services at Scale (SusWASH) programme applies a system approach, underpinned by human rights principles. In this paper, we share perceptions of local stakeholders, engaged in empowerment evaluation in Cambodia and Uganda, and lessons learned for future initiatives that seek to catalyse WASH system improvements for the realisation of the human rights to water and sanitation. We argue that a system approach, underpinned by human rights principles, can help advance progress towards inclusive and sustainable WASH for all. Working in this way fosters inclusive, locally led decision-making about how system blockages can be overcome, strengthening local ownership of a shared vision for change and the capacities and skills required to achieve it.
A new tool for disinfecting household drinking water for rural residents: protonated mordenite-embedded sheet
Authors: Johan Erni , Fernando Verónica Américo António , Sadia Salma , Mitsunobu Satoshi , Hirai Soichiro , Matsue Naoto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many rural residents in developing countries drink water contaminated with feces due to inadequate purification, causing many diarrheal deaths, most of them infants. We have fabricated a protonated (H+-retaining) mordenite-embedded non-woven fabric sheet (H-MES) as a new tool for disinfecting drinking water at home. Proton retention amount was 1.2 mmol per gram of mordenite, 75% of its cation-exchange capacity. The H-MES released protons through cation exchange with cations in aqueous solutions, lowering the pH of the solutions to below 4. This low pH led to disinfecting 100 mL of 100-fold diluted TSB solutions containing an Escherichia coli species (DH5α). For example, an initial viable count of around 5,000 CFU mL−1 decreased to 14 CFU mL−1 after 24 h shaking at 25 °C with added H-MES containing 0.2 g protonated mordenite; 3.8×107 CFU mL−1 without the H-MES. Adding a nitric acid solution showed a similar effect, but using chemical reagents at home might lead to unexpected accidents. Adding and removing the H-MES to and from household waterpots by hand is easy. Besides the H-MES, similar sheets embedded with bactericides and bacterial adsorbents could be a simple water-disinfection tool for rural residents.
Water quality improvement performance of two urban constructed water quality treatment wetland engineering landscaping in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Li Tianjie , Jin Yang , Huang Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For typical wastewater treatment processes of urban sewage, plants are often noneffective to improve water qualities of lightly polluted domestic sewage, and urban constructed water quality treatment (WQT) wetlands designed with engineering landscape methods are utilized to optimize both water qualities and landscape values in recent years. The research determines the effects of two typical ecological engineering landscaping projects of urban constructed WQT wetlands by analysing their effects of wastewater quality improvements. Differences of water quality indicators (WQI) respectively among different treatment stages of wetlands includes surface flow wetland, vertical flow wetland, floating wetland islands etc., which have been measured and compared. Evaluation of urban constructed WQT wetlands engineering landscaping has been concluded based on comparisons among hydrological indicators and water quality indicators, i.e. pH, DO, NH3-N, CODCr, TP. Removal effects of individual indicators, includes NH3-N, CODCr and TP during different treatment stages have been quantitatively analysed. In accordance with quantitative analysis, benefits and deficiencies of practical landscape design of urban constructed WQT wetlands are concluded. By adapting proper principles in engineering landscaping, environmental and economic benefits can be achieved to create sustainable landscapes of urban constructed WQT wetlands.
Comparison of two different augmentation techniques
Authors: BALCİ YUCE Hatice , TAŞDEMİR Zekeriya 
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study aims to compare Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) performed using autogenous block graft to particulate autograft with xenograft from physicians’ and patients’ perspectives.Methods: 30 systemically healthy individuals participated in this study. GBR using block graft (GBR-BAX) was performed in 15 of the patients and GBR using particulate autograft with xenograft (GBR-PAX) was performed in the other 15 patients. Bone thickness was recorded preoperatively and in the 6th month postoperatively. Bleeding, hematoma, flap dehiscence, infection, and paresthesia were evaluated. Patients were requested to record pain intensity and swelling levels using the visual analog scale (VAS) on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after surgery. The swelling levels were also recorded by a clinician on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after surgery. The cost of the surgery, the time spent on preparing the patient for the surgery, the time spent during the surgery, and the fatigue levels of the physician resulting from surgery were also determined.Results: Both GBR-BAX and GBR-PAX provided significant bone gain. Bleeding, hematoma, flap dehiscence, infection, and paresthesia levels found also similar. Both techniques caused similar pain, swelling, and discomfort on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days. VAS results showed no differences in terms of pain and discomfort. GBR-BAX was found more time-consuming in both preparation and surgical period and tiring for the physician but was less costly compared to GBR-PAX. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study, GBR with autogenous block graft and particulate autograft plus xenograft provided similar bone gain and caused similar complications, pain, and discomfort. In terms of efficacy, none of the two techniques was found superior to the other; however, block graft was more time-consuming, tiring, and costly.
Favipiravir in the Battle with Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Majewska Anna , Smyk Julia M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Among antiviral drugs, the vast majority targets only one or two related viruses. The conventional model, one virus - one drug, significantly limits therapeutic options. Therefore, in the strategy of controlling viral infections, there is a necessity to develop compounds with pleiotropic effects. Favipiravir (FPV) emerged as a strong candidate to become such a drug. The aim of the study is to present up-to-date information on the role of favipiravir in the treatment of viral respiratory infections. The anti-influenza activity of favipiravir has been confirmed in cell culture experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. Thoroughly different - from the previously registered drugs - mechanism of action suggests that FVP can be used as a countermeasure for the novel or re-emerging influenza virus infections. In recent months, favipiravir has been broadly investigated due to its potential efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. Based on preclinical and clinical studies and a recently published meta-analysis it seems that favipiravir may be a promising antiviral drug in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. FPV is also effective against other RNA respiratory viruses and may be a candidate for the treatment of serious infections caused by human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Exogenous Enzymes in Cheese Making: An Overview
Authors: Mandrich Luigi , Caputo Emilia , Meinardi Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The flavour in mature cheese results from a complex series of biochemical events that
occur in the curd during ripening. More than 500 varieties of cheese are produced in the world,
and each of them possesses its typical sensory characteristics. Flavour depends on milk variety,
starter bacteria used in cheese-making and ripening.
Amino acids and free fatty acids (FFA) act mainly as precursors of a series of catabolic reactions,
still not well understood. These reactions lead to the production of aroma compounds such as esters,
fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, lactones, and sulphur.
Enzymes involved in all these processes are derived from milk, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB),
Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria (NSLAB), rennet, or fungi. In cheese industrial production, the
milk pasteurization process leads to the removal of endogenous bacteria; therefore it is necessary
to add exogenous enzymes to enrich and standardize cheeses flavour.
Here, we reviewed some exogenous enzymes used in industrial cheeses production or which
have interesting potential in cheese making and ripening.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In vitro Biological Evaluation of
Benzamide Derivatives as Novel Glucokinase Activators
Authors: Kazi A.A. , Chatpalliwar V.A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Glucokinase (GK) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that metabolises glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and supports adjusting blood glucose levels within the normal range in humans. In pancreatic β-cells, it plays a leading role in governing the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin, and in liver hepatocyte cells, it controls the metabolism of carbohydrates. GK acts as a promising drug target for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objectives:
The present work has been designed to discover some novel substituted benzamide derivatives

Method:
This work involved designing novel benzamide derivatives and their screening by docking studies to determine the binding interactions for the best-fit conformations in the binding site of the GK enzyme. Based on the results of docking studies, the selected molecules were synthesized and tested for in vitro GK enzyme assay. The structures of newly synthesized products were confirmed by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy.

Results:
Amongst the designed derivatives, compounds 4c, 4d, 4e, 5h, 5j, 5l, 5m, 5n, 5p, and 5r have shown better binding energy than the native ligand present in the enzyme structure. The synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro GK enzyme assay. Out of all, compounds 4c, 4d, 5h, 5l, and 5n showed more GK activation than control.

Conclusion::
From the present results, we have concluded that the synthesized derivatives can activate the human GK enzyme effectively, which can be helpful in the treatment of T2DM.
Auditor Specialization and Information Spillovers
Authors: Petrov Evgeny , Stocken Phillip C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the determinants of auditor industry specialization, the impact of specialization on fees and audit quality, and a regulator's optimal choice of audit standards in the presence of specialization. In industries with correlated firm values, a specialist auditor enjoys synergies from information spillovers between clients. These spillovers, however, only induce a specialist to decrease audit effort when the cost of effort and the prior precision of the firms' values are low. We derive empirical predictions about the determinants of specialization, and show that specialization benefits firms through lower expected fees and higher audit reporting quality, but only enhances the usefulness of reports to investors when the specialist exerts high audit effort. In a regulated setting, a stricter audit standard affects fees through its impact on specialization. We provide conditions under which standards that maximize firm value will be more strict and less strict when a regulator recognizes synergies.
JEL Classifications: C72; D80; D83; L22; M42; M48.
Etnografi Komunikasi Masyarakat Taneyan Lanjhang Sebagai Identitas Budaya Pamekasan
Authors: Puri Bahesa Samantha Bella , Nurudin Nurudin 
Published: February 2022

Komunikasi dan kebudayaan tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam kehidupan manusia. Peran dari komunikasi dalam hal ini untuk menyampaikan pesan yang berkaitan dengan budaya itu sendiri. Dalam hal ini, perlu adanya pemahaman pola komunikasi yang dilakukan dalam menyampaikan pesan terkait kebudayaan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni mengetahui dan menguraikan kehidupan kebudayaan dan pola-pola komunikasi yang terdapat dalam suatu daerah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian etnografi komunikasi, dengan populasi yakni seluruh masyrakat daerah. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling, dengan kriteria tertentu. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini yakni 1 orang masyrakat asli yang menjabat sebagai seorang kepala dusun. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara Bersama sampel penelitian. Data hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, yakni dengan cara mendeskripsikan data hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di di suatu daerah melaksanakan komunikasi selain secara verbal dengan selalu melibatkan hal kebudayaan yang terdapat pesan terhadap kelompoknya. Dalam mewariskan nilai-nilai budaya yang ada dalam pemukiman, masyarakatnya secara terus-menerus melakukan tradisi kebudayan yang ada sehingga telah menjadi pola bagi kelompoknya. Penggunaan bahasa daerah lebih banyak digunakan dalam proses komunikasi sehari-hari serta digunakan dalam kegiatan upacara keagamaan.
Overview of Tidal Energy with its Benefits and Drawbacks
Authors: Dixit Shivam , Badgaiyan Prof. Pankaj 
Published: February 2022

The Tidal power is a type of hydropower that captures the power of the tides to generate electricity and perhaps other sources of energy. Tidal power, while not widely been using presently, it has potential to deliver electricity in the upcoming years. Tidal energy is a type of gravitational hydropower that uses flow of water to accelerate a turbine as well as generate energy. Researchers have discussed the various types of tidal energy and also the performance of various researchers in this field in this article.