bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Three‐In‐One Assembled Nanoparticle Containing Peptide–Radio‐Sensitizer Conjugate and TLR7/8 Agonist Can Initiate the Cancer‐Immunity Cycle to Trigger Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Zhu Xueqin , Wang Xiaoxi , Li Bingyu , Zhang Yun , Chen Yalan , Zhang Wenyan , Wang Yan , Zhai Wenjie , Liu Zimai , Liu Sijia , Sun Jiaxin , Chen Zhenzhen , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) has been shown to cause immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells, which promote the release of tumor‐associated antigens, and trigger the cancer‐immunity cycle (CIC). However, ICD induced by RT usually does not occur in hypoxic tumor cells due to their resistance to radiation. Moreover, RT also induces programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) upregulation on tumor cells, which has an inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes. Therefore, therapy based on CIC must selectively target the restricted steps of antitumor immunity. Herein, the authors design a versatile three‐in‐one assembling nanoparticle that can simultaneously execute these obstacles. The amphiphilic peptide drug conjugate NIA‐D1, containing the hydrophobic radio‐sensitizer 2‐(2‐nitroimidazol‐1‐yl) acetic acid (NIA), a peptide substrate of matrix metalloproteinase‐2, and a hydrophilic PD‐L1 antagonist DPPA‐1, is constructed and co‐assembled with hydrophobic Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist R848 to form nanoparticle NIA‐D1@R848. The NIA‐D1@R848 nanoparticles combined with RT can trigger the apoptosis of tumor cells and initiate the CIC. In the presence of R848, it promotes the maturation of dendritic cells, which together with protein programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand PD‐L1 blockade to relieve T cell suppression, and amplify the antitumor immune cycle. In conclusion, a functionalized three‐in‐one nanoparticle NIA‐D1@R848 is successfully constructed, which can induce strong systemic antitumor immune response.
Targeted Nanoparticles with High Heating Efficiency for the Treatment of Endometriosis with Systemically Delivered Magnetic Hyperthermia
Authors: Park Youngrong , Demessie Ananiya A. , Luo Addie , Taratula Olena R. , Moses Abraham S. , Do Peter , Campos Leonardo , Jahangiri Younes , Wyatt Cory R. , Albarqi Hassan A. , Farsad Khashayar , Slayden Ov D. , Taratula Oleh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a devastating disease in which endometrial‐like tissue forms lesions outside the uterus. It causes infertility and severe pelvic pain in ≈176 million women worldwide, and there is currently no cure for this disease. Magnetic hyperthermia could potentially eliminate widespread endometriotic lesions but has not previously been considered for treatment because conventional magnetic nanoparticles have relatively low heating efficiency and can only provide ablation temperatures (>46 °C) following direct intralesional injection. This study is the first to describe nanoparticles that enable systemically delivered magnetic hyperthermia for endometriosis treatment. When subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), these hexagonal iron‐oxide nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary heating efficiency that is 6.4× greater than their spherical counterparts. Modifying nanoparticles with a peptide targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) enhances their endometriosis specificity. Studies in mice bearing transplants of macaque endometriotic tissue reveal that, following intravenous injection at a low dose (3 mg per kg), these nanoparticles efficiently accumulate in endometriotic lesions, selectively elevate intralesional temperature above 50 °C upon exposure to external AMF, and completely eradicate them with a single treatment. These nanoparticles also demonstrate promising potential as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for precise detection of endometriotic tissue before AMF application.
Significantly Promoting the Photogenerated Charge Separation by Introducing an Oxygen Vacancy Regulation Strategy on the FeNiOOH Co‐Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Rongfang , Ning Xingming , Wang Ze , Zhao Huihuan , He Yaorong , Han Zhengang , Du Peiyao , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSemiconductor/co‐catalyst coupling is considered as a promising strategy to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, this model system is faced with a serious interface recombination problem, which limits the further improvement of PEC performances. Here, a FeNiOOH co‐catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies on BiVO4 is fabricated through simple and economical NaBH4 reduction to accelerate hole transfer and achieve efficient electron–hole pair separation. The photocurrent of the BV (BiVO4)/Vo‐FeNiOOH system is more than four times that of pure BV. Importantly, the charge transfer kinetics and charge carrier recombination process are studied by scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy and intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy in detail. In addition, the oxygen vacancy regulation proposed is also applied successfully to other semiconductors (Fe2O3), demonstrating the applicability of this strategy.
Metal Nanocluster—Metal Organic Framework—Polymer Hybrid Nanomaterials for Improved Hydrogen Detection
Authors: Xie Bo , Ding Bosheng , Mao Peng , Wang Ying , Liu Yini , Chen Minrui , Zhou Changjiang , Wen Hui‐min , Xia Shengjie , Han Min , Palmer Richard E. , Wang Guanghou , Hu Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of hydrogen sensors is of paramount importance for timely leak detection and remains a crucial unmet need. Palladium‐based materials, well known as hydrogen sensors, still suffer from poisoning and deactivation. Here, a hybrid hydrogen sensor consisting of a Pd nanocluster (NC) film, a metal–organic framework (MOF), and a polymer, are proposed. The polymer coating, as a protection layer, endows the sensor with excellent H2 selectivity and CO‐poisoning resistance. The MOF serves as an interface layer between the Pd NC film and the polymer layer, which alters the nature of the interaction with hydrogen and leads to significant sensing performance improvements, owing to the interfacial electronic coupling between Pd NCs and the MOF. The strategy overcomes the shortcomings of retarded response speed and degraded sensitivity induced by the polymer coating of a Pd NC film–polymer hybrid system. This is the first exhibition of a hydrogen‐sensing enhancement mechanism achieved by engineering the electronic coupling between Pd and a MOF. The work establishes a deep understanding of the hydrogen‐sensing enhancement mechanism at the nanoscale and provides a feasible strategy to engineer next‐generation gas‐sensing nanodevices with superior sensing figures of merit via hybrid material systems.
Steering the Pathway of Plasmon‐Enhanced Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction by Bridging Si and Au Nanoparticles through a TiO2 Interlayer
Authors: Wang Kang , Fan Ningbo , Xu Bin , Wei Zhihe , Chen Cong , Xie Hao , Ye Weixiang , Peng Yang , Shen Mingrong , Fan Ronglei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of CO2 in an aqueous medium into high‐energy fuels is a creative strategy for storing solar energy and closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. However, the rational design of catalytic architectures to selectively and efficiently produce a target product such as CO has remained a grand challenge. Herein, an efficient and selective Si photocathode for CO production is reported by utilizing a TiO2 interlayer to bridge the Au nanoparticles and n+p‐Si. The TiO2 interlayer can not only effectively protect and passivate Si surface, but can also exhibit outstanding synergies with Au nanoparticles to greatly promote CO2 reduction kinetics for CO production through stabilizing the key reaction intermediates. Specifically, the TiO2 layer and Au nanoparticles work concertedly to enhance the separation of localized surface plasmon resonance generated hot carriers, contributing to the improved activity and selectivity for CO production by utilizing the hot electrons generated in Au nanoparticles during PEC CO2 reduction. The optimized Au/TiO2/n+p‐Si photocathode exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 86% and a partial current density of −5.52 mA cm−2 at −0.8 VRHE for CO production, which represent state‐of‐the‐art performance in this field. Such a plasmon‐enhanced strategy may pave the way for the development of high‐performance PEC photocathodes for energy‐efficient CO2 utilization.
Thermal aging of electrical cable insulation made of cross‐linked low density polyethylene for under‐hood application in automotive industry
Authors: Salivon Tetiana , Comte Raphael , Colin Xavier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe thermal aging of two electrical cable insulations made of cross‐linked low density polyethylene (XLPE) only differing by their stabilization system was studied in air between 125 and 200°C. The chemical consumption of the two types of antioxidants (phenol and sulfide), the build‐up of oxidation products and the consequences of thermal oxidation on the mechanical properties were respectively determined by measurement of the oxidation induction time (OIT), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and uniaxial tensile testing. It was found that the chemical consumption of each antioxidant occurs in turn almost independently, starting with the sulfide antioxidant and involving small but well detectable antagonistic effects. As soon as the antioxidant concentration becomes very low, that is, practically undetectable by OIT measurements, the thermal oxidation of XLPE is detected by FTIR spectroscopy causing a catastrophic decrease in the fracture properties. It was shown that the complete consumption of antioxidants coincides with the end of the oxidation induction period and the onset of the sudden decrease in the elongation at break. Based on all these experimental results, a simplified kinetic model was developed to account as faithfully as possible for the consumption kinetics of antioxidants, evaluate their antagonistic effects and, using a relevant end‐of‐life criterion, predict the lifetime of the two XLPE insulations. It was found a satisfying agreement between theory and experiment.
How the type of methodology used, when working in a natural environment, affects the designer's creativity
Authors: Chulvi Vicente , Royo Marta , Agost María-Jesús , Felip Francisco , García-García Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study of the mechanisms linked to creativity has become a topic of great interest in various scientific fields in recent decades. One area in which a particularly large amount of research has been conducted is on the positive effect of natural environments on creativity. Yet, none of these studies have focused on the interaction that may arise with the design method used. That is, they consider the empowering effect of nature on creativity to be something general, without taking into account other factors that may influence it, such as the type of methodology used. This paper therefore aims to go a step further and investigate how the type of design methodology used—intuitive or logical—in a simulated natural environment affects the designer’s creativity. The analysis of both the design process and its outcomes shows that the main differences in the way of working with design methodologies occur mainly in the case of intuitive methodologies, helping designers to improve the quality of their outcomes.
The circle criterion for a class of sector-bounded dynamic nonlinearities
Authors: Guiver C. , Logemann H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a circle criterion which is necessary and sufficient for absolute stability with respect to a natural class of sector-bounded nonlinear causal operators. This generalized circle criterion contains the classical result as a special case. Furthermore, we develop a version of the generalized criterion which guarantees input-to-state stability.
Charlson comorbidity index predicts the 10-year survivorship of the operatively treated hip fracture patients
Authors: Miettinen Simo S. A. , Savolainen Susanna , Kröger Heikki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine how Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) predicts the 10-year survival of operatively treated hip fracture patients aged ≥ 65 years.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who had a hip fracture and were operatively treated upon in the study period from 01 January 2007 to 31 December 2007 at the university hospital. The clinical patient data were obtained from the medical records, and CCI score was calculated. The CCI predicts the 10-year mortality for a patient who may have a range of 22 comorbid conditions. Cumulative survival and complications were evaluated in terms of gender.

Results
A total of 241 hip fractures were studied; of these, 183/241 (76%) were females. A total of 32/241 (15%) complications were found, of which 26/241 (11%) were considered major. Overall, 213/241 (88%) patients died during the 10 years of follow-up. Cumulative survival estimates for females were 13% at 10 years (SE = 0.3, 95% CI 3.8–4.8), and for males, it was 12% at 10 years (SE = 0.5, 95% CI 2.8–4.6) (p = 0.33). CCI was significantly associated with mortality after the hip fracture as patients with CCI scores ≥ 4 were at a 3.1–8.5 times higher risk of death compared to patients with low CCI scores of 2–3 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Complications are common after operatively treated hip fracture. Advanced age, living in a care facility, ASA class 4 and high CCI score ≥ 4 were risk factors of mortality after the operatively treated hip fracture.
Should asymptomatic contralateral inguinal hernia be laparoscopically repaired in the adult population as benefits greatly outweigh risks? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Park Jung B , Chong Darren C. , Reid Jessica L. , Edwards Suzanne. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeWhen laparoscopically repairing a symptomatic inguinal hernia, surgeons will discover a contralateral asymptomatic hernia in 22% of patients. It is estimated 30% of asymptomatic hernias become symptomatic and require repair. Thus, should they be repaired in a 2-for-1 operation? The main purpose is to examine the evidence and make a recommendation for the need to repair the contralateral asymptomatic inguinal hernia prophylactically in the adult population during unilateral inguinal hernia presentation.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted up to 15 February 2021 using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Management pathway taken, mean operating time, duration of follow-up, pain, duration of hospital stay and perioperative complications were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.ResultsSix non-randomised studies (1774 patients) were included; 978 patients had both hernias repaired, 796 patients had only the symptomatic hernia repaired. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay, return to activities of daily living nor complications. Mean operating time was slightly lower for patients who had unilateral hernia repair (mean difference = − 14.57 min, 95%CI − 25.59, − 3.45). Reported pain scores were lower for patients who only had one hernia repaired (− 0.33 units, 95%CI − 0.48, − 0.18). The overall risk of bias for the six studies were low-to-moderate risk.ConclusionAsymptomatic inguinal hernias can be repaired when found. While there is minimal increase in operation time and pain, no significant difference to total hospital stay. Importantly, this is likely to prevent the need for another operation in almost a third of patients.
Implicit finite volume method with a posteriori limiting for transport networks
Authors: Eimer Matthias , Borsche Raul , Siedow Norbert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSimulating the flow of water in district heating networks requires numerical methods which are independent of the CFL condition. We develop a high order scheme for networks of advection equations allowing large time steps. With the MOOD technique, unphysical oscillations of nonsmooth solutions are avoided. In numerical tests, the applicability to real networks is shown.
An integrated rolling horizon and adaptive-refinement approach for disjoint trajectories optimization
Authors: Hoch Benno , Liers Frauke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlanning for multiple commodities simultaneously is a challenging task arising in divers applications, including robot motion or various forms of traffic management. Separation constraints between commodities frequently have to be considered to ensure safe trajectories, i.e., paths over time. Discrete decisions to ensure at least one of often multiple possible separation conditions renders planning of best possible continuous trajectories even more complex. Hence, the resulting disjoint trajectories optimization problems are mostly solved sequentially or with restricted planning space, potentially leading to losses in the usage of sparse resources and system capacities. To tackle these drawbacks, we develop a graph-based model for disjoint trajectories optimization with general separation requirements. We present a novel technique to derive a discretization for the full available space of motion. This can depict arbitrary, potentially non-convex, restricted areas. This necessitates solving an integer linear optimization program whose size scales with the number of discretization points. Thus, even for moderately sized instances a sufficiently detailed representation of space and time leads to models too large for state of the art hard- and software. To overcome this issue, we develop an adaptive-refinement algorithm: Starting from an optimal solution to the integer program in a coarse discretization, the algorithm re-optimizes trajectories in an adaptively-refined discretized neighborhood of the current solution. This is further integrated into a rolling horizon approach. We apply our approach to the integrated trajectory optimization and runway scheduling in the surrounding of airports. Computational experiments with realistic instances demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Monthly Streamflow Modeling Based on Self-Organizing Maps and Satellite-Estimated Rainfall Data
Authors: do Nascimento Thiago Victor Medeiros , Santos Celso Augusto Guimarães , de Farias Camilo Allyson Simões , da Silva Richarde Marques 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrological data provide valuable information for the decision-making process in water resources management, where long and complete time series are always desired. However, it is common to deal with missing data when working on streamflow time series. Rainfall-streamflow modeling is an alternative to overcome such a difficulty. In this paper, self-organizing maps (SOM) were developed to simulate monthly inflows to a reservoir based on satellite-estimated gridded precipitation time series. Three different calibration datasets from Três Marias Reservoir, composed of inflows (targets) and 91 TRMM-estimated rainfall data (inputs), from 1998 to 2019, were used. The results showed that the inflow data homogeneity pattern influenced the rainfall-streamflow modeling. The models generally showed superior performance during the calibration phase, whereas the outcomes varied depending on the data homogeneity pattern and the chosen SOM structure in the testing phase. Regardless of the input data homogeneity, the SOM networks showed excellent results for the rainfall-runoff modeling, presenting Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients greater than 0.90.
Graphical Abstract
Endovascular Removal of Foreign Bodies: Single Center Experience
Authors: Lyu Tianshi , Cao Shoujin , Wang Jian , Song Li , Tong Xiaoqiang , Zou Yinghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatheter rupture or displacement is a serious and rare complication of central venous catheterization, with an incidence of approximately 1%. Once the intravascular foreign body is found, it should be removed as soon as possible. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of endovascular techniques for the removal of intravascular foreign bodies. This was a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with intravascular foreign bodies admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to June 2019 summarizing the types and locations of foreign bodies and the removal techniques. Overall Twenty-three cases of intravascular foreign bodies were successfully treated with endovascular techniques, for a technical success rate of 100%. The types of foreign bodies included 14 infusion port catheters (60.9%), 6 peripherally inserted central catheters (26.1%), 2 temporary deep vein catheters (8.7%), and 1 intravenous stent (4.3%). The most common orientation of foreign body displacement was one end of the foreign body in the inferior vena cava and the other end in the right atrium (14/23, 60.9%). In terms of technique, all patients underwent removal procedures with only one venous access point. The operative time ranged from 6 to 153 min, with an average of 28.7 min. This study preliminarily demonstrates the safety and efficacy of percutaneous interventional intravascular foreign body removal. Endovascular techniques are minimally invasive and reliable and can be used to safely and effectively remove intravascular foreign bodies.
Muscle Force Contributions to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading
Authors: Maniar Nirav , Cole Michael H. , Bryant Adam L. , Opar David A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common knee pathologies sustained during athletic participation and are characterised by long convalescence periods and associated financial burden. Muscles have the ability to increase or decrease the mechanical loads on the ACL, and thus are viable targets for preventative interventions. However, the relationship between muscle forces and ACL loading has been investigated by many different studies, often with differing methods and conclusions. Subsequently, this review aimed to summarise the evidence of the relationship between muscle force and ACL loading. A range of studies were found that investigated muscle and ACL loading during controlled knee flexion, as well as a range of weightbearing tasks such as walking, lunging, sidestep cutting, landing and jumping. The quadriceps and the gastrocnemius were found to increase load on the ACL by inducing anterior shear forces at the tibia, particularly when the knee is extended. The hamstrings and soleus appeared to unload the ACL by generating posterior tibial shear force; however, for the hamstrings, this effect was contingent on the knee being flexed greater than ~ 20° to 30°. The gluteus medius was consistently shown to oppose the knee valgus moment (thus unloading the ACL) to a magnitude greater than any other muscle. Very little evidence was found for other muscle groups with respect to their contribution to the loading or unloading of the ACL. It is recommended that interventions aiming to reduce the risk of ACL injury consider specifically targeting the function of the hamstrings, soleus and gluteus medius.