bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Middle and Late Ordovician cornute stylophorans (Echinodermata) from Morocco and other peri-Gondwanan areas
Authors: Lefebvre Bertrand , Nohejlová Martina , Martin Emmanuel L. O. , Kašička Libor , Zicha Ondřej , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Cornute stylophorans are a minor, although typical, component of Middle–Late Ordovician echinoderm assemblages adapted to soft siliciclastic substrates in high-latitude peri-Gondwanan regions. All previously reported occurrences of Darriwilian–Katian cornutes from the Czech Republic, France, Morocco and Spain are revised and their plate homologies reassessed. The genera
Beryllia
and
Juliaecarpus
are reinterpreted as junior synonyms of
Domfrontia
, and
Thoralicystis
is synonymized with
Bohemiaecystis
. Several Mediterranean scotiaecystids previously assigned to
Bohemiaecystis
and/or
Scotiaecystis
are placed within
Thoralicarpus
gen. nov., and cornute taxa originally left in open nomenclature by Chauvel are formally described as
Bohemiaecystis chouberti
sp. nov. (AVI) and
Destombesicarpus izegguirenensis
gen. et sp. nov. (AVIII). Other new Mediterranean taxa include
Arauricystis clariondi
sp. nov.,
Destombesicarpus budili
gen. et sp. nov.,
Milonicystis reboulorum
sp. nov.,
Thoralicarpus bounemrouensis
gen. et sp. nov., and
T
.
prokopi
gen. et sp. nov. The six cornute genera identified in Darriwilian–Katian Moroccan echinoderm Lagerstätten are also present in coeval assemblages of at least one other Mediterranean region, thus supporting the existence of strong faunal affinities between the Anti-Atlas, the Armorican Massif, the Barrandian area and the Iberian Peninsula.
SETH-based Lower Bounds for Subset Sum and Bicriteria Path
Authors: Abboud Amir , Bringmann Karl , Hermelin Danny , Shabtay Dvir 
Published: January 2022

Subset Sumand
k
-SAT are two of the most extensively studied problems in computer science, and conjectures about their hardness are among the cornerstones of fine-grained complexity. An important open problem in this area is to base the hardness of one of these problems on the other.

Our main result is a tight reduction from
k
-SAT to Subset Sum on dense instances, proving that Bellman’s 1962 pseudo-polynomial
O
*
(
T
)-time algorithm for Subset Sum on
n
numbers and target
T
cannot be improved to time
T
1-ε
· 2
o(n)
for any ε > 0, unless the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) fails.

As a corollary, we prove a “Direct-OR” theorem for Subset Sum under SETH, offering a new tool for proving conditional lower bounds: It is now possible to assume that deciding whether one out of
N
given instances of Subset Sum is a YES instance requires time (
N T
)
1-o(1)
. As an application of this corollary, we prove a tight SETH-based lower bound for the classical Bicriteria
s,t
-Path problem, which is extensively studied in Operations Research. We separate its complexity from that of Subset Sum: On graphs with
m
edges and edge lengths bounded by
L
, we show that the
O
(
Lm
) pseudo-polynomial time algorithm by Joksch from 1966 cannot be improved to Õ(
L
+
m
), in contrast to a recent improvement for Subset Sum (Bringmann, SODA 2017).
Optimal Las Vegas Approximate Near Neighbors in

ℓ
p
Authors: Wei Alexander 
Published: January 2022

We show that approximate near neighbor search in high dimensions can be solved in a Las Vegas fashion (i.e., without false negatives) for ℓ

p

(1≤
p
≤ 2) while matching the performance of optimal locality-sensitive hashing. Specifically, we construct a data-independent Las Vegas data structure with query time
O
(
dn
ρ
) and space usage
O
(
dn
1+ρ
) for (
r, c r
)-approximate near neighbors in R

d

under the ℓ

p

norm, where ρ = 1/

c
p

+
o
(1). Furthermore, we give a Las Vegas locality-sensitive filter construction for the unit sphere that can be used with the data-dependent data structure of Andoni et al. (SODA 2017) to achieve optimal space-time tradeoffs in the data-dependent setting. For the symmetric case, this gives us a data-dependent Las Vegas data structure with query time
O
(
dn
ρ
) and space usage
O
(
dn
1+ρ
) for (
r, c r
)-approximate near neighbors in R

d

under the ℓ

p

norm, where ρ = 1/(2

c
p

- 1) +
o
(1).

Our data-independent construction improves on the recent Las Vegas data structure of Ahle (FOCS 2017) for ℓ

p

when 1 <
p
≤ 2. Our data-dependent construction performs even better for ℓ

p

for all pε [1, 2] and is the first Las Vegas approximate near neighbors data structure to make use of data-dependent approaches. We also answer open questions of Indyk (SODA 2000), Pagh (SODA 2016), and Ahle by showing that for approximate near neighbors, Las Vegas data structures can match state-of-the-art Monte Carlo data structures in performance for both the data-independent and data-dependent settings and across space-time tradeoffs.
Cleaning Industrial Waste Water with Simultaneous Power Generation Utilizing an Abiotic Fuel Cell
Authors: Rubio-Garcia Javier , Malko Daniel , Kucernak Anthony R. J. , Kaiser Martin , Parra-Puerto Andres 
Published: January 2022

Wastewater streams contain organic molecules that need to be removal before disposal which requires an energy input on average of 6 kWh ton-1. (1) The fermentation of biomass to produce biogas employs living organisms and permits the valorization of the waste with generation of electricity. However, this technology present limitations in terms of capital cost (ranging USD0.06 and USD0.30 as a function of the size of the digester) and large volume footprint. (2) Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer the ability significantly reducing the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) contamination is waste water effluents while produce moderate amounts of power. (3)

In this contribution, we present the first abiotic waste water fuel cell, a system that directly converts organic materials found in waste sources from different industries into electrical energy. The implementation of inorganic catalysts permits a so-called zero gap design which contributes to minimize the distance between the anode and cathode which is normally large for MFCs to minimize oxygen crossover. This configuration was combined with a commercial PtRu oxidation catalysts produced an unprecedented high power density when using real waste water streams (2.6 mW cm-2). Moreover, when operated in a continuous loop COD removals as high as 50% has been achieved. This abiotic system significantly reduces processing time associated to incubation periods which are necessary for bio-processes such as biogas generation. (4)

References:

(1) United States Environmental Protection Agency, Local Government Climate and Energy Strategy Series (2008).
(2) Weiland et al., Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 85, 849-860 (2010).
(3) Liu et al., Environmental Science & Technology 38, 4040-4046 (2004).
(4) Mao et al., Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 45, 540-555 (2015).
CIC-Mediated Modulation of MAPK Signaling Opposes Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response in Kinase-Addicted Sarcoma
Authors: Odintsov Igor , Ortiz Michael V. , Khodos Inna , Mattar Marissa S. , Lui Allan J.W. , Kohsaka Shinji , de Stanchina Elisa , Bender Julia L. Glade , Ladanyi Marc , Somwar Romel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Kinase fusions have been identified in a growing subset of sarcomas, but a lack of preclinical models has impeded their functional analysis as therapeutic targets in the sarcoma setting. In this study, we generated models of sarcomas bearing kinase fusions and assessed their response to molecularly targeted therapy. Immortalized, untransformed human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC), a putative cell of origin of sarcomas, were modified using CRISPR-Cas9 to harbor a RET chromosomal translocation (HMSC-RET). In parallel, patient-derived models of RET- and NTRK-rearranged sarcomas were generated. Expression of a RET fusion activated common proliferation and survival pathways and transformed HMSC cells. The HMSC-RET models displayed similar behavior and response to therapy as the patient-derived counterparts in vitro and in vivo. Capicua (CIC)-mediated suppression of negative MAPK pathway regulators was identified as a potential mechanism by which these sarcomas compensate for RET or NTRK inhibition. This CIC-mediated feedback reactivation was blocked by coinhibition of the MAPK pathway and RET or NTRK in the respective models. Importantly, the combination of RET and ERK inhibitors was more effective than single agents at blocking tumor growth in vivo. This work offers new tools and insights to improve targeted therapy approaches in kinase-addicted sarcomas and supports upfront combination therapy to prolong responses.

Significance:
Novel models of kinase-rearranged sarcomas show that MAPK pathway feedback activation dampens responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, revealing the potential of combinatorial therapies to combat these tumors.
Neuroticism, Worry, and Cardiometabolic Risk Trajectories: Findings From a 40‐Year Study of Men
Authors: Lee Lewina O. , Grimm Kevin J. , Spiro Avron , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Anxiety is linked to elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease onset, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the prospective association of 2 anxiety facets, neuroticism and worry, with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) trajectories for 4 decades.

Methods and Results
The sample comprised 1561 men from an ongoing adult male cohort. In 1975, healthy men (mean age, 53 years [SD, 8.4 years]) completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory‐Short Form neuroticism scale and a Worries Scale. Seven CMR biomarkers were assessed every 3 to 5 years. The CMR score was the number of biomarkers categorized as high‐risk based on established cut points or medication use. Using mixed effects regression, we modeled CMR trajectories over age and evaluated their associations with neuroticism and worry. Using Cox regression, we examined associations of neuroticism and worry with risk of having ≥6 CMR high‐risk biomarkers through 2015. CMR increased at 0.8 markers per decade from age 33 to 65 years, at which point men had an average of 3.8 high‐risk markers, followed by a slower increase of 0.5 markers per decade. Higher neuroticism (B=0.08; 95% CI, 0.02–0.15) and worry levels (B=0.07; 95% CI, 0.001–0.13) were associated with elevated CMR across time, and with 13% (95% CI, 1.03–1.23) and 10% (95% CI, 1.01–1.20) greater risks, respectively, of having ≥6 high‐risk CMR markers, adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions
By middle adulthood, higher anxiety levels are associated with stable differences in CMR that are maintained into older ages. Anxious individuals may experience deteriorations in cardiometabolic health earlier in life and remain on a stable trajectory of heightened risk into older ages.
Whose Wuxia and What Kind of Myth: A Wuxia Accompanying Text Perspective
Authors: Sun Jinyan , Han Dawei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Texts are the result of engravings in different social contexts, and they are culturally activated in different ways. The image of wuxia is formed by various accompanying texts sharing and participating in constructing a collection of wuxia narratives. By means of text-naming methods, authors, serialization of novels, film and television adaptations, criticism, and so forth, the image of wuxia operates in a continuous cycle that flows throughout texts that are gradually accumulated in the literary corpus. On this basis, it condenses and expresses a series of ideological discourses centred on topics such as gender and nation. These accompanying texts have diverse identities and play multiple roles in the cause of wuxia coming to be viewed as public heroes. They not only supply us with frameworks and positioning of wuxia novels but also provide cultural observations of society so as to participate in the construction of wuxia myths.
A review of Chelonian type specimens (order Testudines)
Authors: IVERSON JOHN B. 
Published: January 2022

Type specimens are the cornerstones of modern taxonomy and systematics, and should be the starting point of any study of diversity, especially considering the increasing ability to sample them genetically. However, no compilation of type material (beyond holotypes) exists for turtles (Order Testudines). This is the first attempt to locate and compile a list of all type specimens (holotypes, paratypes, syntypes, lectotypes, neotypes, etc.) for all described turtles, whether currently recognized or synonymized. A total of 1222 named taxa are included here (including synonyms), but only 875 of them (71.6%) have at least one identified type specimen (excluding neotypes and iconotypes). Part or all of the type series for another 102 taxa are considered lost. This list represents a 45-year search effort, and although still incomplete, should benefit current and future turtle systematicists, as well as direct ongoing efforts to locate type specimens still missing.
Redescription of Neocypridella fossulata (Daday, 1910) (Crustacea: Ostracoda) and description of a new subfamily
Authors: SAVATENALINTON SUKONTHIP 
Published: January 2022

Neocypridella fossulata (Daday, 1910) is redescribed based on type material from the Daday collection (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest). The major diagnostic characters of the genus are the ovate shape of the carapace in lateral view, with the left valve overlapping the right valve, the absence of marginal septa on the valve margins, the right valve anterior selvage not inwardly displaced, the presence of a Wouters’ organ on the first antenna, the divided penultimate segment of the second antenna, the markedly large β-seta on the mandibular palp, the subquadrate terminal segment of the maxillula palp, the divided penultimate segment of the second thoracopod with setae d1 and d2 both long, the slender caudal ramus and the slender caudal ramus attachment with thin dorsal and ventral branches. Neocypridella fossulata can be further characterized by the oblique carapace in frontal view, the two smooth bristles on the maxillula third endite and the thin and long Ga claw of the caudal ramus, which is c. 3/5 of the length of the ramus.
The morphology of Neocypridella is compared with related taxa and the taxonomic position of the genus is discussed. This revealed that Neocypridella cannot be assigned to any of the extant subfamilies in the Cyprididae. Therefore, a new subfamily, Neocypridellinae subfam. nov., is erected.
Prevalence of polypharmacy and risk of potential drug-drug interactions among hospitalized patients with emphasis on the pharmacokinetics
Authors: Georgiev Kaloyan D. , Hvarchanova Nadezhda , Stoychev Elitsa , Kanazirev Branimir 
Published: January 2022

Background: Both polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs), especially those at the pharmacokinetic level, are common in hospitalized patients and are associated with adverse effects and failure of therapy; Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate retrospectively the prevalence of polypharmacy and the risk of potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction among hospitalized patients; Methods: The medical documentation of hospitalized patients in the unit of internal diseases at the hospital “St Marina” in Varna, Bulgaria for a period of six months (January–July 2016) was retrospectively reviewed. Lexicomp® Drug Interaction software was used for the detection of pDDI. Descriptive statistic and logistic regression were used for data analysis; Results: In this study, 294 patients out of 510 (57%) were selected with polypharmacy. The number of detected potential pharmacokinetic DDIs (pPKDDIs) was only 216 (or 12,4%), but almost 40% of patients with polypharmacy were exposed to at least one pPKDDIs. The most common pPKDDIs occur at the biotransformation level – 78 (36,1%), and the most common enzyme form that is involved in these interactions is cytochrome 3A4 (44 or 20,4%). The number of prescribed medications (>7) was found to increase the possibility of having pDDIs (OR 25.535, 95% CI 12.529 to 52.042; p = <0.001) and pPKDDIs (OR 5.165, 95% CI 3.430 to 7.779; p = <0.001) as well; Conclusion and Relevance: Caution should be taken in patients taking more than seven drugs and careful assessment of the pPKDDIs should be made. When such interactions are detected, they need to be properly evaluated and managed.
Effect of continuous deep sedation on survival in the last days of life of cancer patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Yokomichi Naosuke , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Maeda Isseki , Mori Masanori , Imai Kengo , Shirado Naito Akemi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Terabayashi Toru , Hiratsuka Yusuke , Hisanaga Takayuki , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: January 2022

Background: Continuous deep sedation is ethically controversial with respect to whether it shortens a patient’s life. Aim: To examine whether continuous deep sedation shortens patient survival from the day of Palliative Performance Scale decline to 20 (PPS20). Design: A part of a multicenter prospective cohort study (EASED study). Setting/participants: We recruited consecutive adult patients with advanced cancer admitted to 23 participating palliative care units in 2017 in Japan. We compared survival from PPS20 between those who did and did not receive continuous deep sedation. Continuous deep sedation was defined as the continuous administration of sedative medication with the intention to keep a patient continuously unconscious to alleviate otherwise uncontrollable symptoms, but the dose of sedatives was adjusted to achieve adequate symptom relief for each patient. The propensity score-weighting method was used to control for potential confounders, and five sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: A total of 1926 patients were enrolled. Patients discharged alive were excluded, and we analyzed 1625 patients of whom 156 (9.6%) received continuous deep sedation. Median survival from PPS20 of 1625 patients was 81 h (95% CI: 77–88). The RASS scores decreased to ⩽−4 was 66% at 24 h. Continuous deep sedation was not associated with a significant survival risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.85–1.33). All sensitivity analyses, including continuous deep sedation defined as the RASS score was ⩽−4 achieved the essentially the same results. Conclusions: Continuous deep sedation with careful dose adjustment was not associated with shorter survival in the last days of life in patients with advanced cancer.
“I Wish he Were Dead.” The Experience of Loss among Young Arab-Bedouin Women in Polygamous Families
Authors: Alhuzail Nuzha Allassad 
Published: January 2022

This article presents the sense of loss of young Arab-Bedouin women in Israel who grew up in polygamous families. Polygamy is widespread in Israel's Arab-Bedouin population, although state law explicitly prohibits it. Tradition and custom allow a man to marry more than one woman, and Islam does not forbid it. Polygamy has many ramifications for women, children, and society in general. The data were gathered in semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 30 young women, ages 18 to 22, whose fathers took a second wife in the last five years and moved to a separate home with the new wife. The women interviewed were so distressed they sought therapeutic help. Among the many findings is the profound sense of loss: of fathering, of love and attention, and of family. Intersectionality theory was used to explain the particular vulnerability of these young women. Israel has no targeted treatment programs or interventions for adolescent girls in polygamous families, and this may harm their chances of successfully negotiating adolescence. Targeted treatment is recommended. The findings apply to social work in any country where polygamy exists.
Assessment of antidiabetic effect of 4-HIL in type 2 diabetic and healthy Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Singh Pragati , Ishteyaque Sharmeen , Prajapati Ramanand , Yadav Karan Singh , Singh Rupali , Kumar Akhilesh , Sharma Sharad , Narender Tadigoppula , Mugale Madhav Nilakanth 
Published: January 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid isolated from the fenugreek seeds and has enormous pharmacological activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of 4-HIL in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, its toxicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo employing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and healthy rats, respectively. In experiment 1, STZ-induced diabetic male rats were subjected to an oral treatment of 4-HIL (100 mg/kg), while experiment 2 deals with the effects of 4-HIL on healthy male and female rats following oral administration. The treatment (experiment 1) declined the elevated blood glucose level, feed intake, and increased body weight(s). Additionally, blood glucose impairment was improved as observed by OGTT and IPGT tests. Pancreatic histopathology revealed mild changes in the 4-HIL group. Moreover, experiment 2 showed increased body weight, normal blood glucose levels (male—106.06 ± 7.49 mg/dl and female—100.06 ± 14.69 mg/dL), hematological parameters, and histopathological profiles in the treatment group. 4-HIL did not affect the viability of HEK-293 cells, and no signs of toxicity were observed in healthy rats. Therefore, the study concludes that 4-HIL has potential antihyperglycemic activity without any toxic effects.
The Coherence Challenge Between Policy Makers and School Leaders: Exploring a National Pedagogical Reform
Authors: Bros Eliana , Schechter Chen 
Published: January 2022

Purpose It has been suggested that coherency between primary stakeholders involved in an educational reform is a key determinant of its success. The “Meaningful Learning Reform” is defined as an open reform, serving as a bottom-up solution to promote school autonomy. This reform allows school leaders to exercise considerable discretion regarding the broad policy’s goals of reaching 21st century learning skills in public schools. The purpose of this study is to examine the variations in perceptions of policy makers and principals while implementing this generally outlined “Meaningful Learning Reform.” Methodology In this qualitative phenomenological study, interviews were conducted with principals ( N = 30), that were involved in the implementation of the reform examined, and policy makers ( N = 2) that served as national initiators of the reform. Findings The data analysis of the stakeholders conveys the coherency of interpretations in three main themes: (a) misalignments in the nature of reform’s meaning—including differences in the perceptions of the name given to the reform, the reform’s purpose, and its foundation tenets; (b) contradictions regarding the authority leading the reform—various outlooks regarding the direction of the leading authority; and (c) difficulties in the process of implementation—including initiation and implementation phases of the reform. Originality/Value The exploration of the variations of interpretations between policy makers and principals contributes to a deeper understanding of coherency in the educational context. The data provides new insights regarding the dynamics between top-down and bottom-up leadership while implementing a generally outlined pedagogical reform.