bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Wear Property and Strengthening Mechanism of Hot-Rolled Medium Manganese Steel on Condition of Slurry Erosion Wear
Authors: Wang Qingliang , Wang Junxiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to further expand the application field of medium manganese steel, its wear property and strengthening mechanism under the slurry erosion wear were studied in this paper. At different erosion angles and velocities, the erosion-wear resistance of medium manganese steel was superior to the martensitic wear-resistant steel. The formation of wear-hardened layer caused by the work-hardening effect was the fundamental reason for wear strengthening. The depth of the wear-hardening layer was nearly 400 µm and surface hardness was above 495 HV. The wear strengthening mechanism was attributed to the combined strengthening, including the martensitic transformation, twin, and dislocation strengthening. The maximum value of erosion wear-rate appeared at 60 deg erosion angle and the minimum value occurred at 90 deg erosion angle. The erosion-wear damage included three aspects of the micro-cutting, erosion peeling caused by the plastic deformation, and local gouging abrasion. The change of erosion angle led to the change of normal and tangential force components of erosion particles on the wear surface, which changed the main wear mechanism of erosion wear. With the change of erosion angle from low to high, the main wear mechanism gradually changed from the micro-cutting wear to the erosion peeling wear and local gouging abrasion.
Life Extension and Integrity Management of Ageing Pipelines
Authors: Sharp John V. , Salama Mamdouh , Ersdal Gerhard , Stacey Alexander 
Published: September 2022

There are large number of export pipelines installed and operating worldwide, conveying fluids from offshore fields to available land-based processing facilities. Many of these pipelines have now exceeded that original design life and are now in an ageing phase.
There are two main time dependent degradation mechanisms for pipeline, namely corrosion and fatigue. Consideration of these is critical in establishing the safe operating life of a pipeline, whether it is the original life or the extended life. In addition, there are other degradation mechanisms, such as erosion and accidental damage, for example from trawl boards or extreme storms. Operational pressure fluctuations and changes such as the hydrocarbon composition can also be a major source of long-term degradation. An example would be the presence of H2S, due to reservoir souring with time. This may give rise to sulphide stress corrosion cracking for pipelines that are not originally designed for sour service.
Pipeline integrity management is a key process to ensure continuing safety and loss prevention, which is particularly important for ageing pipelines. Assessment of pipeline integrity can be conducted using several industry standards and guidelines.
In many countries, pipelines that can cause a major accident or loss require regulatory approval. For example, in the UK this includes the preparation of a ‘major accident prevention document’, which assesses hazards, evaluates risk, together with a safety management system.
Inspection of pipelines has developed over many years enabling damage to be detected effectively, both internally and externally. Monitoring of fluids is also undertaken on a regular basis, to provide data on the condition of the line. Repair of damage pipelines has been undertaken using both welding and clamp technology. Robotic repair of damaged pipelines is also developing.
This paper will investigate the required assessment process for the life extension of ageing pipelines and the integrity management of these in the life extension phase, which requires a similar treatment to the assessment and management of aging structures.
Inspection and Remaining Life Assessment of Subsea Pipelines Exposed to Various Forms of Internal Corrosion Degradation Mechanisms
Authors: Tronskar Jens P. , Wui Lee Kit 
Published: September 2022

Subsea pipelines are exposed to many threats and DNV RP-116 separates the threats into time dependent and independent threats. The time dependent threats include internal and external corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement & stress corrosion cracking and fatigue crack growth whereas the time independent threats apart from manufacturing and construction defects include third party interference and outside forces.
For remaining life and risk assessment and inspection planning the total risk associated with all the mentioned threats should be covered by computation of combined risk of the individual threat probabilities and the associated consequences from a safety, company reputation and business perspectives.
The paper discusses three cases of subsea pipeline remaining life assessments involving dry gas export lines, gas and condensate in field lines and flow lines, where different internal corrosion mechanisms such as CO2, Top of the Line (TOL) and micro biological corrosion (MIC) are posing the main challenges to the estimation of the remaining life, selection of inspection methods, validation of the assessment results and the overall risk assessment.
The paper shows how the different operating conditions lead to less severe, more severe and extremely severe metal loss due to mainly three different types of corrosion mechanisms. In the first case it is shown how the remaining life can easily meet the future operation and life extension target with benign operation conditions, whereas two other cases are shown not to allow life extension meeting the future needs without section or complete pipeline replacement.
Inspection and Maintenance of Ageing Concrete Oil and Gas Structures on the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: O’Malley John , Lervik Andreas , Wiley Tim , Ersdal Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

Inspection and maintenance of the concrete Oil and Gas structures on the Norwegian Continental Shelf is a current focus area for owners and regulators. These ageing structures were installed between 1977 and 1995 and have been in operation in harsh environmental conditions throughout, and in some cases exceeding, their design service life. This paper results from work undertaken to describe repair methods and experience of repair works on the Norwegian Continental Shelf on ageing offshore structures. The part of this work related to inspection and maintenance of concrete structures forms the basis of this paper.
Current experience shows that several concrete structures have a backlog of anomalies requiring assessment and possible remediation due to an acceleration of degradation over their lifetime. An increased frequency and range of defects means that stakeholders are expanding their capabilities to best manage these developing challenges.
Maintenance of concrete structures demands an understanding of the degradation mechanisms, repair history, and original design requirements. A robust remediation management strategy should be followed to ensure a consistent and structured approach to all phases of the process, from inspection to documentation of remedial works.
This paper aims to provide an overview of current experience and proposes a suitable remediation management strategy framework for offshore concrete structures.
Shock-absorbing effect of flooring-adopted mechanical metamaterial technology and its influence on the gait and balance of older adults
Authors: Tatemoto Tsuyoshi , Sugiura Taiki , Kumazawa Nobuhiro , Ii Takuma , Kitamura Shin , Tanabe Shigeo , Hirayama Yosuke , Shimomura Hiroshi , Mizuno Koji , Otaka Yohei 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo elucidate the performance of a shock-absorbing floor material with a mechanical metamaterial (MM-flooring) structure and its effect on the gait and balance of older adults.MethodsThe drop-weight impact was applied to evaluate the shock-absorbing performance. The falling weight was adjusted equivalent to the energy exerted on the femur of an older woman when she falls, which was evaluated on the MM-flooring and six other flooring materials.Nineteen healthy people over the age of 65 years participated in the gait and balance evaluations. The timed up and go and two-step tests were adopted as gait performance tests, and the sway-during-quiet-balance test with force plates and the functional reach test (FRT) were adopted as balance tests. All the participants underwent these tests on the MM-flooring, shock-absorbing mat and rigid flooring.ResultsThe shock-absorbing performance test revealed that MM-flooring has sufficient shock-absorbing performance, and suggesting that it may reduce the probability of fractures in the older people when they fall. The results of the gait performance test showed that the participants demonstrated the same gait performance on the MM-flooring and the rigid floor. In the quiet standing test, MM-flooring did not affect the balance function of the participants to the same extent as the rigid floor, compared with the shock-absorbing mat. In the FRT, no significant differences were found for any of the flooring conditions.ConclusionsMM-flooring has the potential to prevent fractures attributed to falls and does not affect the gait or balance of older adults.
Economic analysis of uneven-aged forest management in the southeastern United States
Authors: Susaeta Andres , Sharma Ajay , Klizentyte Kotryna , Adams Damian C. 
Published: September 2022

We determine the economic revenues and optimal forest management of uneven-aged loblolly pine, longleaf pine, and slash pine forests considering timber and carbon benefits in the southeastern United States. Our results show that uneven-aged management of southern pines generates positive total revenues, with the exception of those stands managed with high residual basal areas and long cutting cycles. The uneven-aged management of pine forests is economically more attractive with loblolly pine stands than with longleaf pine or slash pine for all cutting cycles and residual basal areas; on average, loblolly pine returns $1389.60·ha−1 more than slash pine and $1500.70·ha−1 more than longleaf pine for all cutting cycles. For uneven-aged loblolly pine forests, our results suggest that landowners should experience highest profits with the shortest viable cutting cycle (10 years) and a medium-high residual basal area (11.5 m2·ha−1). For uneven-aged longleaf pine forests, landowners would be economically better off with a longer cutting cycle (20 years) and a lower residual basal area (6.9 m2·ha−1). Notably, uneven-aged management of longleaf pine and slash pine for timber production becomes unprofitable with low-medium or high residual basal areas (9.2–11.5 m2·ha−1).
Two Parametricities Versus Three Universal Types
Authors: Devriese Dominique , Patrignani Marco , Piessens Frank 
Published: September 2022

The formal calculus System F models the essence of polymorphism and abstract data types, features that exist in many programming languages. The calculus’ core property is parametricity: a theorem expressing the language’s abstractions and validating important principles like information hiding and modularity.
When System F is combined with features like recursive types, mutable state, continuations or exceptions, the formulation of parametricity needs to be adapted to follow suit, for example using techniques like step-indexing, Kripke world-indexing or biorthogonality. However, it is less clear how this formulation should change when System F is combined with untyped languages, gradual types, dynamic sealing and runtime type analysis (typecase) alongside type generation. Extensions of System F with these features have been proven to satisfy forms of parametricity (with Kripke worlds carrying semantic interpretations of types). However, the relative power of the modified formulations of parametricity with respect to others and the relative expressiveness of System F with and without these extensions are unknown.

In this paper, we explain that the aforementioned different settings have a common characteristic: they do not enforce or preserve the lexical scope of System F’s type variables. Formally, this results in the existence of a
universal type
(note: this is not the same as a
universally-quantified
type). We explain why standard parametricity is incompatible with such a type and how type worlds resolve this. Building on these insights, we answer two open conjectures from the literature, negatively, and we point out a deficiency in current proposals for combining System F with gradual types.
Large-scale intramuscular electrode system for chronic electromyography and functional electrical stimulation
Authors: Holly Nicole L. , Hasse Brady A. , Gothard Katalin M. , Fuglevand Andrew J. 
Published: September 2022

To understand how the central nervous system (CNS) enacts movements, it seems important to monitor the activities of the many muscles involved. Likewise, to restore complex movements to paralyzed limbs with electrical stimulation requires access to most limb muscles. Intramuscular electrodes are needed to obtain isolated recordings or stimulation of individual muscles. As such, we developed and tested the stability of large arrays of implanted intramuscular electrodes. We implanted 58 electrodes in 29 upper limb muscles in each of three macaques. Electrode connectors were protected within a skull-mounted chamber. During surgery, wires were tunneled subcutaneously to target muscles, where gold anchors were crimped onto the leads. The anchors were then deployed with an insertion device. In two monkeys, the chamber was fixed to the skull with a titanium baseplate rather than acrylic cement. In multiple sessions up to 15 wk after surgery, electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded while monkeys made the same reaching movement. EMG signals were stable, with an average (SD) coefficient of variation across sessions of 0.24 ± 0.15. In addition, at 4, 8, and 16 wk after surgery, forces to incrementing stimulus pulses were measured for each electrode. The threshold current needed to evoke a response at 16 wk was not different from that at 4 wk. Likewise, peak force evoked by 16 mA of current at 16 wk was not different from 4 wk. The stability of this system implies it could be effectively used to monitor and stimulate large numbers of muscles needed to understand the control of natural and evoked movements. NEW AND NOTEWORTHY A new method was developed to enable long-lasting recording and stimulation of large numbers of muscles with intramuscular electrodes. Electromyographic signals and evoked force responses in 29 upper limb muscles remained stable over several months when tested in nonhuman primates. This system could be used effectively to monitor and stimulate numerous muscles needed to more fully understand the control of natural and evoked movements.
Transformation of Superposed Quantum States Using Measurement Operators
Authors: Ito Hideaki , Iida Saburou 
Published: September 2022

Quantum computation based on a gate model is described. This model initially creates a superposition

|

ψ

0

〉

consisting of

N
=

2

n

states, and these states are labeled by an

n

qubit index value

j

. Two working qubits

|
0

〉

w
k
0

and

|
0

〉

w
k
1

are added for a measurement. Moreover, one marking qubit

|
0

〉

m
k

is added to discriminate between states in a superposition. Thus,

|

ψ

1

〉
=

1
/

N

∑

j
=
0

N
−
1

|

j
〉

⊗
|
0

〉

w
k
0

⊗
|
0

〉

w
k
1

⊗
|

0

〉

m
k

. The Hadamard transformation is applied to

|
0

〉

w
k
0

and

|
0

〉

w
k
1

.

|

ψ

2

〉
=

1
/

N

1
/

2

2

∑

j
=
0

N
−
1

|

j
〉

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
0

+

|

1

〉

w
k
0

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
1

+

|

1

〉

w
k
1

⊗
|
0

〉

m
k

. After a computation, a set of states is divided into two subsets; one is a subset bad (B) and the other is a subset good (G).

|

ψ

3

〉
=

1
/

N

1
/

2

2

∑

j
∈
B

|

j
〉

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
0

+

|

1

〉

w
k
0

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
1

+

|

1

〉

w
k
1

⊗

|

0

〉

m
k

+

∑

j
∈
G

|

j
〉

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
0

+

|

1

〉

w
k
0

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
1

+

|

1

〉

w
k
1

⊗

|

1

〉

m
k

. After a marking, a superposition is measured by POVM. The measurement is described by a collection of four measurement operators. The measurement transforms

|

ψ

3

〉

into

|

ψ

4

〉
=

1
/

N

∑

j
∈
B

|

j
〉

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
0

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
1

⊗

p

0

sin

θ

|

0

〉

m
k

+

∑

j
∈
G

|

j
〉

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
0

⊗

|

0

〉

w
k
1

⊗

p

1

cos

θ

|

1

〉

m
k

/
D

; here,

D
=

card

B

p
0
∗

p

0

sin

2

θ
+
card

G

p
1
∗

p

1

cos

2

θ

, and

p
0
∗

p

0

sin

2

θ
+

p
1
∗

p

1

cos

2

θ
=
2

which is derived from the completeness equation. The state

|
0

〉

m
k

and the state

|
1

〉

m
k

before the measurement are transformed into

p

0

sin
θ
|
0

〉

m
k

and

p

1

cos
θ
|
1

〉

m
k

, respectively. This paper describes these measurement operators.
A Therapeutic Antigen-Presenting Cell-Targeting DNA Vaccine VB10.16 in HPV16-Positive High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Results from a Phase I/IIa Trial
Authors: Hillemanns Peter , Denecke Agnieszka , Woelber Linn , Böhmer Gerd , Jentschke Matthias , Schjetne Karoline W. , Bruins Slot Karsten M.H. , Fredriksen Agnete B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a therapeutic DNA vaccine VB10.16, using a unique modular vaccine technology that is based on linking antigens to CCL3L1 targeting module, in women with HPV16-positive high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a first-in-human, open-label, phase I/IIa clinical trial of VB10.16 in subjects with confirmed HPV16-positive CIN 2/3. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with adverse events, including dose-limiting toxicities. Secondary outcome measures included measuring the E6/E7-specific cellular immune response. In the Expansion cohort HPV16 clearance, regression of CIN lesion size and grading were assessed during a 12-month follow-up period.

Results:
A total of 34 women were enrolled: 16 in two dose cohorts and 18 in the expansion cohort. No serious adverse events or dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and none of the subjects discontinued treatment with VB10.16 due to an adverse event. Mild to moderate injection site reactions were the most commonly reported adverse event (79%). HPV16-specific T-cell responses were observed after vaccination in the majority of the subjects. In the expansion cohort, HPV16 clearance was seen in 8 of 17 evaluable subjects (47%). Reductions in lesion size were seen in 16 subjects (94%) and 10 subjects (59%) had regression to CIN 0/1. Correlation between strong IFNγ T-cell responses and lesion size reduction was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001)

Conclusions:
The novel therapeutic DNA vaccine VB10.16 was well tolerated and showed promising evidence of efficacy and strong HPV16-specific T-cell responses in subjects with high-grade CIN.
ПОРУШЕННЯ КОГНІТИВНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯХ ОРГАНІВ ДИХАННЯ
Authors: Мельничайко І. Я. , Андрейчин C. М. , Левчук Р. Д. 
Published: September 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Бронхіальна астма та хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) є одними з чинників розвитку порушень когнітивних функцій.
У світі на сьогодні спостерігається загрозливе зростання поширення когнітивних розладів. При сучасній швидкості прогресу та розвитку нових технологій складно недооцінювати, яким чином може вплинути порушення тих чи інших функцій мозку на життя людини, її оточення та суспільство в цілому. Поєднання цих патологій впливає на пацієнта безпосередньо, погіршуючи його здоров’я, побутову та соціальну активність, і несе значне навантаження на систему охорони здоров’я й суспільство в цілому.
Мета – провести аналіз літератури та сформулювати висновки про сучасний стан досліджень когнітивних розладів при хронічних захворюваннях дихальної системи.
Основна частина. Хронічні захворювання органів дихання пов’язані з майже подвійним ризиком помірних когнітивних розладів. Навіть у пацієнтів з легким та помірним ступенем тяжкості бронхіальної астми та ХОЗЛ спостерігається високий рівень когнітивних дисфункцій. Найбільше зазнають ураження такі когнітивні функції як психомоторна швидкість, обробка інформації, увага, концентрація та пам’ять.
Основними патогенетичними ланками розвитку когнітивних порушень вважають судиноопосередковану патологію мозку, окислювальний стрес, гіпоксемію та зниження фізичної активності. Легкі та помірні когнітивні розлади є потенційно зворотним станом, при своєчасному виявленні та корекції якого є ймовірність повернення до нормального когнітивного функціонування у пацієнтів з хронічними захворюваннями органів дихання.
Висновки. Негативний вплив когнітивних порушень на здоров’я та повсякденне життя у пацієнтів з хронічними захворюваннями органів дихання показує необхідність оцінювати функції когнітивної сфери у пацієнтів із хронічними захворюваннями органів дихання з метою запобігання розвитку деменції, покращення якості життя та соціальної активності, зменшення частоти госпіталізацій та смертності.
Наявність у пацієнтів з ХОЗЛ чи бронхіальною астмою когнітивних порушень потребує індивідуального підходу, комплексної діагностики та лікування з урахуванням обох наявних патологій.
ПІДХІД ДО КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПРИ ВІДНОВЛЕННІ ПОШКОДЖЕНИХ МЕНІСКІВ КОЛІННОГО СУГЛОБА ШЛЯХОМ ЇХ ЗШИВАННЯ
Authors: Грубар Ю. О. , Грубар М. Ю. , Грубар І. Я. 
Published: September 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. Результати біомеханічних досліджень показали, що втрата цілості меніска приводить до помітної зміни кінематики та розподілу навантажень у колінному суглобі, що є однією з передумов розвитку гонартрозу. Вважають, що зшивання ушкодженого меніска запобігає раннім дегенеративним змінам у суглобі, особливо у пацієнтів молодшого віку.
Мета – оцінити клінічні та функціональні результати після зшивання розривів менісків із використанням технік «all-inside» та «inside-out» та визначити особливості командного підходу в реабілітації пацієнтів даної категорії. Визначити теоретичні та методологічні засади командного підходу в реабілітації вказаної категорії пацієнтів.
Матеріал і методи. За період з 2015 по 2021 рік включно у 47 пацієнтів віком від 14 до 42 років проведено зшивання менісків колінного суглоба під артроскопічним контролем. Чоловіків було 61,90 % (26 хворих), жінок – 38,10 % (16 хворих). Вік обстежуваних чоловіків був (26,4±2,1) років, жінок – (22,1±3,1) років. Середній час від моменту отримання травми до оперативного втручання становив (28,4±3,2) дні. Для прошивання менісків застосовували системи FAST-FIX ™ 360 та Arthrex 2.0 Fiber Wire Meniscus Repair Needles.
Результати. За оціночною шкалою J. Lysholm отримано такі результати: «відмінні» – у 27 (64,29 %) пацієнтів, «хороші» – у 8 (19,05 %), «задовільні» – у 5 (11,90 %) та «незадовільні» – у 2 (4,76 %) пацієнтів.
Висновки. На результати оперативного втручання впливають вид, локалізація ушкодження меніска та час з моменту виникнення травми. Використання систем FAST-FIX™ 360 та Arthrex 2.0 Fiber Wire Meniscus Repair Needles дозволяє безпечно зшивати розриви менісків і дає хороші клінічні результати в ранньому періоді спостереження. На функціональні результати оперативних втручань при зшиванні розривів менісків впливає командний підхід в реабілітації пацієнтів з даною патологією, який передбачає тісну співпрацю оперуючого хірурга, реабілітолога та пацієнта.