bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Contexts and Alcohol Use Disorder Among Mexican Americans Living in the US-Mexico Border Region
Authors: Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J , Li Libo , Cherpitel Cheryl J , Bensley Kara M K , Zemore Sarah E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed contributions of exposure to neighborhood stressors (violent victimization, witnessing crime, greater alcohol and drug availability) to variation in alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms among drinkers in three cities in Texas, USA.

Methods
We used data from interviews conducted from 2011 to 2013 with Mexican-origin adults (ages 16–65) in the US-Mexico Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions who were past-year drinkers (N = 1960; 55% male) living in two cities in the Texas-Mexico border region (Laredo, n = 751 and Brownsville/McAllen, n = 814) and one interior comparison site (San Antonio, n = 771). Analyses (conducted in 2018 and 2019) examined overall and gender-stratified multilevel mediated effects of each border site (versus San Antonio) on AUD symptoms through the neighborhood-level factors, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level covariates.

Results
Overall, drinkers in Laredo reported more AUD symptoms than drinkers in the other cities, and their neighborhoods had more witnessing of crime and greater perceived drug availability, as well as higher levels of disadvantage and a lower proportion non-Hispanic White residents, than neighborhoods in San Antonio. Witnessing neighborhood crime was associated with increased AUD symptoms, while neighborhood disadvantage and proportion non-Hispanic White residents each were negatively associated with AUD symptoms. Perceived neighborhood insecurity, crime victimization, perceived neighborhood drug availability and neighborhood alcohol availability (off- and on-premise) were not significantly associated with AUD symptoms. Stratified models suggested possible gender differences in indirect effects through witnessing neighborhood crime.

Conclusion
Reducing witnessing of neighborhood crime may help reduce AUD symptoms among adults living in the US border region.
Child Protection in Irish Primary Schools: Supports and Challenges in the Role of Designated Liaison Person for Child Protection
Authors: Nohilly Margaret , Treacy Mia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article reviews child protection in the Irish primary school context from the perspective of the Designated Liaison Person (DLP). Research undertaken with DLPs is presented which illuminates the supports and challenges that are part of this responsible role. A review of the role of the DLP is presented in the article alongside an overview of the changes in legislation in the Irish child protection system. Particular attention is paid to the challenges of the role of DLP and the potential impact on children’s lives and their safety.
Safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive esophagectomies versus open esophagectomies: an umbrella review
Authors: Ramjit Sinead E , Ashley Emmaline , Donlon Noel E , Weiss Andreas , Doyle Frank , Heskin Leonie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditionally, esophageal oncological resections have been performed via open approaches with well-documented levels of morbidity and mortality complicating the postoperative course. In contemporary terms, minimally invasive approaches have garnered sustained support in all areas of surgery, and there has been an exponential adaptation of this technology in upper GI surgery with the advent of laparoscopic and robotic techniques. The current literature, while growing, is inconsistent in reporting on the benefits of minimally invasive esophagectomies (MIEs) and this makes it difficult to ascertain best practice. The objective of this review was to critically appraise the current evidence addressing the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of MIEs versus open esophagectomies. A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching nine electronic databases to identify any systematic reviews published on this topic and recommended Joanna Briggs Institute approach to critical appraisal, study selection, data extraction and data synthesis was used to report the findings. A total of 13 systematic reviews of moderate to good quality encompassing 143 primary trials and 36,763 patients were included in the final synthesis. Eleven reviews examined safety parameters and found a generalized benefit of MIE. Efficacy was evaluated by eight systematic reviews and found each method to be equivalent. There were limited data to judiciously appraise cost-effectiveness as this was only evaluated in one review involving a single trial. There is improved safety and equivalent efficacy associated with MIE when compared with open esophagectomy. Cost-effectiveness of MIE cannot be sufficiently supported at this point in time. Further studies, especially those focused on cost-effectiveness are needed to strengthen the existing evidence to inform policy makers on feasibility of increased assimilation of this technology into clinical practice.
Rhizosphere microbiome response to host genetic variability: a trade-off between bacterial and fungal community assembly
Authors: Rotoni Cristina , Leite Marcio F A , Pijl Agata , Kuramae Eiko Eurya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial community composition is strongly influenced by plant species and cultivar. However, our understanding of the impact of plant cultivar genetic variability on microbial assembly composition remains limited. Here, we took advantage of vegetatively propagated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) as a plant model and induced roots in five commercial cultivars: Barolo, Chic, Chic 45, Chic Cream and Haydar. We observed strong rhizosphere selection for the bacterial community but weaker selection for the fungal community. The genetic distance between cultivars explained 42.83% of the total dissimilarity between the bacteria selected by the different cultivars. By contrast, rhizosphere fungal selection was not significantly linked to plant genetic dissimilarity. Each chrysanthemum cultivar selected unique bacterial and fungal genera in the rhizosphere. We also observed a trade-off in the rhizosphere selection of bacteria and fungi in which the cultivar with the strongest selection of fungal communities showed the weakest bacterial selection. Finally, bacterial and fungal family taxonomic groups consistently selected by all cultivars were identified (bacteria Chitinophagaceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Acidobacteriaceae, and fungi Pseudeurotiaceae and Chrysozymaceae). Taken together, our findings suggest that chrysanthemum cultivars select distinct rhizosphere microbiomes and share a common core of microbes partially explained by the genetic dissimilarity between cultivars.
CD98hc in host–pathogen interactions: roles of the multifunctional host protein during infections
Authors: Vection Sonia , O'Callaghan David , Keriel Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe eukaryotic protein CD98hc (also known as 4F2, FRP-1, or SLC3A2) is a membrane glycoprotein and one of the heavy chains of the family of heterodimeric amino acids transporters. It can associate with any of 6 different light chains to form distinct amino acid transporters. CD98hc is also involved in mediation of intracellular integrin signaling. Besides its physiological roles in the development of the placenta and the immune system, CD98hc is important during pathological processes such as tumorigenesis and host–pathogen interaction. Since its first identification as Fusion Regulatory Protein 1 regulating cell fusion in cells infected by the Newcastle disease virus, CD98hc has been reported to be mediating many viral, apicomplexan, and bacterial infectious processes. In this review we describe the role of CD98hc and its associated light chains in bacterial, apicomplexan, and viral pathogenesis. We also discuss the consequences of infection on the expression and localization of these proteins. The identification of the cellular processes in which CD98hc is involved during pathogenesis highlights the key role of this host protein in infectious diseases.
Multi-omics analyses of the transition to the Crabtree effect in S. cerevisiae reveals a key role for the citric acid shuttle
Authors: Xie Tingting , Chen Min , Nielsen Jens , Xia Jianye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Crabtree effect in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been extensively studied, but only few studies have analyzed the dynamic conditions across the critical specific growth rate where the Crabtree effect sets in. Here, we carried out a multi-omics analysis of S. cerevisiae undergoing a specific growth rate transition from 0.2 h−1 to 0.35 h−1. The extracellular metabolome, the transcriptome and the proteome were analyzed in an 8-h transition period after the specific growth rate shifted from 0.2 h−1 to 0.35 h−1. The changing trends of both the transcriptome and proteome were analyzed using principal component analysis, which showed that the transcriptome clustered together after 60 min, while the proteome reached steady-state much later. Focusing on central carbon metabolism, we analyzed both the changes in the transcriptome and proteome, and observed an interesting changing pattern in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway, which indicates an important role for citric acid shuttling across the mitochondrial membrane for α-ketoglutarate accumulation during the transition from respiratory to respiro-fermentative metabolism. This was supported by a change in the oxaloacetate and malate shuttle. Together, our findings shed new light into the onset of the Crabtree effect in S. cerevisiae.
A Two-Part Approach Distinguishing the Occurrence and Frequency of Self-reported Attentional Failures During Driving to Predict Crash Risks Among Older Drivers
Authors: Choi HeeSun , Feng Jing , Grühn Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
With advancing age, older drivers experience greater fatal crash risks due to age-related declines in cognitive and physical capabilities. Being informed of the age-related increased risks could help older drivers form compensatory strategies and determine when to seek further help to stay on the road safely for longer. Using a self-report assessment tool, the Attentional Failure during Driving Questionnaire (AFDQ), we examined older drivers’ experience of various attentional failures during daily driving and how the measures could predict their crash risks.

Methods
We used a new methodological approach distinguishing the occurrences of attentional failures during driving and the frequency of those occurrences. The individuals’ AFDQ occurrence and frequency scores were compared with prior driving outcomes and simulated driving performance.

Results
Unlike middle-aged drivers, frequency rather than occurrence of attentional failures was a significant predictor of prior traffic violations and crashes among older drivers. Also, attentional failures, but not chronological age, predicted older drivers’ crash risks. AFDQ frequency was also associated with older drivers’ poorer performance in simulated driving.

Discussion
The findings suggest that the self-report assessment for attention-related driving failures can predict older drivers’ crash risks. Furthermore, the two-part approach of AFDQ provides an opportunity to do a more comprehensive investigation of the associations between attentional declines and crash risks among older drivers.
The Effects of Wages and Training on Intent to Switch or Leave Among Direct Care Workers
Authors: Kishida Kensaku 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Although most studies have not separated turnover of direct care workers (DCWs) into those who switch to another organization (switchers) and those who leave the industry (leavers), switchers and leavers have different impacts on the facilities they quit and the labor market for DCWs. We distinguished between intent to switch and intent to leave and investigated the impact of wages and training on each turnover intention.

Research Design and Methods
Data were obtained from Japan’s Fact-Finding Survey on Long-term Care Work. We included DCWs (n = 7,311) in the analyses and used multinomial regression by sex and provider type to compare those who wanted to switch and those who wanted to leave with those who wanted to remain in their current workplace.

Results
The impacts of an increase in wages and a higher training score were larger for intent to switch than intent to leave. Compared with wages, the impact of training was greater. The impact of job characteristics on turnover intention varied between women and men and across provider types.

Discussion and Implications
This study provides a better understanding of the difference in the determinants of switching and leaving and simultaneously increases our understanding of the differences between women and men and across provider types.
Effects of administration of a growth promoting implant during the suckling phase or at weaning on growth, reproduction, and ovarian development in replacement heifers grazing native range
Authors: Rosasco Shelby L , Melchior-Tiffany Emily A , Kassetas Cierrah J , Cox Shad H , Dunlap Richard L , Hernandez Gifford Jennifer A , Scholljegerdes Eric J , Cushman Robert A , Summers Adam F 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManagement strategies utilized during pre-breeding development of replacement heifers can impact fertility and the ovarian reserve. Angus-Hereford crossbred heifers (n = 233) were utilized over a 3-yr period to determine the effects of administration of a growth promoting implant at either branding or weaning on growth, reproduction, and ovarian development. Heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) nonimplanted controls (CON; n = 79), 2) implanted at approximately 2 mo of age (average calf age = 58 d) with Synovex-C (BIMP, n = 82), or 3) implanted at approximately 7 mo of age (average calf age = 210 d) with Synovex-C (WIMP; n = 72). In years 2 and 3, a subset of heifers (year 2 n = 16; year 3 n = 14) were unilaterally ovariectomized. Heifers implanted at 2 mo of age were heavier at weaning, yearling (mid-February; average calf age = 332 d), and at the beginning of the breeding season (P &lt; 0.01) compared to CON and WIMP heifers. Average daily gain (ADG) was similar among treatments from weaning to yearling and weaning to the start of the breeding season (P ≥ 0.61); however, WIMP heifers had increased (P = 0.05) ADG from yearling to the start of the breeding season compared to BIMP heifers. Antral follicle count and reproductive tract scores were not influenced by implant treatment (P ≥ 0.18). Response to synchronization of estrus was increased (P = 0.02) in WIMP compared to CON heifers, with BIMP heifers similar to all other treatments. First service conception rates tended to be increased (P = 0.09) in CON heifers compared to WIMP heifers, with BIMP heifers similar to CON and WIMP. Final pregnancy rates were similar (P = 0.54) among treatments. A treatment × yr interaction was detected (P = 0.01) for the number of primordial follicles/section with increased primordial follicles in WIMP heifers in year 3 compared to BIMP and WIMP heifers in year 2 and CON heifers in year 3, as well as in BIMP compared to WIMP heifers in year 2. Utilization of growth promoting implants did not negatively impact postweaning reproductive development or compromise pregnancy rates in beef heifers. Based on these results, administration of a growth promoting Synovex-C implant at 2 mo of age may allow for increased body weight at weaning, without hindering reproductive performance.
Optimization of sporulation and purification methods for sporicidal efficacy assessment on Bacillus spores
Authors: Li Liang , Jin Jinshan , Hu Haijing , Deveau Ian F , Foley Steven L , Chen Huizhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Validating the efficacy of sporicidal agents is a critical step in current good manufacturing practices for disinfection requirements. A limitation is that the poor quality of spores can lead to false positive sporicidal results. The aim of this study was to explore optimal sporulation and purification methods in Bacillus spores. Spores of 7 Bacillus strains were produced in 5 different sporulation media. After density centrifugation, spore yields were measured by phase-contrast microscopy and enumeration assays. Effects of purification methods including heat, sonication and lysozyme, and maturation on spore qualities were determined by sodium hypochlorite sporicidal assay. Difco sporulation media was identified as the preferred sporulation medium for 4 out of 7 tested Bacillus strains. Sporulation rates in B. cereus, B. sphaericus, and B. thuringiensis were higher at 30°C than the rates at 37°C at a difference of 5%, 65%, and 20%, respectively. Bacillus licheniformis favored Mn2+-amended 10% Columbia Broth at 37°C for sporulation with 40–72% higher sporulation rates than other media. The maximum sporulation rates of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis were observed on double-strength Schaeffer's-glucose broth. All studied purification methods improved the spore purity with strain variations. However, intense heat (80°C for 20 min) and lysozyme (100 μg/mL) treatment impaired the spore quality of specific Bacillus strains by sensitizing them against sodium hypochlorite. The length of the maturation period had an impact on the spore resistance, and the most optimal maturation periods ranged from 7 to 21 days in Bacillus strains. The results of this study will pave the way for further evaluation of the sporicidal activity of disinfectants.
Functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs involved in alkaline stress responses in wheat
Authors: Wei Lin , Zhang Rong , Zhang Min , Xia Guangmin , Liu Shuwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Saline-alkali soil is a major environmental problem affecting crop productivity. One of the most effective approaches to combat it is to breed stress-tolerant plants through genetic engineering. Shanrong No. 4 (SR4) is an alkaline-tolerant cultivar of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) derived from asymmetric somatic hybridization between the common wheat cultivar Jinan 177 (JN177) and tall wheatgrass. In this study, we aimed to explore the structure and function of alkalinity stress-responsive long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in wheat. Sequencing was employed to identify the lncRNAs associated with stress tolerance and their corresponding targets. Approximately 19 000 novel lncRNA sequences were detected in SR4 and JN177. Upon exposure to alkaline stress, SR4 differentially expressed 5691 lncRNAs, whilst JN177 differentially expressed 5932. We selected five of them (L0760, L6247, L0208, L2098, and L3065) and generated seedlings of transiently knocked down strains using the virus-induced gene-silencing method. Knockdown of L0760 and L2098 caused the plants to exhibit sensitivity to alkaline stress, whereas knockdown of L6247, L0208, and L3065 increased the ability of plants to tolerate alkaline stress. We constructed lncRNA–miRNA–target-mRNA networks and alkali-response-related lncRNA–target-mRNA association networks to analyse the functions of lncRNAs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that lncRNAs may perform different roles under alkaline stress conditions.
Loss of Polycomb proteins CLF and LHP1 leads to excessive RNA degradation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Séré David , Cassan Océane , Bellegarde Fanny , Fizames Cécile , Boucherez Jossia , Schivre Geoffrey , Azevedo Jacinthe , Lagrange Thierry , Gojon Alain , Martin Antoine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins are major chromatin complexes that regulate gene expression, mainly described as repressors keeping genes in a transcriptionally silent state during development. Recent studies have nonetheless suggested that PcG proteins might have additional functions, including targeting active genes or acting independently of gene expression regulation. However, the reasons for the implication of PcG proteins and their associated chromatin marks on active genes are still largely unknown. Here, we report that combining mutations for CURLY LEAF (CLF) and LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1), two Arabidopsis PcG proteins, results in deregulation of expression of active genes that are targeted by PcG proteins or enriched in associated chromatin marks. We show that this deregulation is associated with accumulation of small RNAs corresponding to massive degradation of active gene transcripts. We demonstrate that transcriptionally active genes and especially those targeted by PcG proteins are prone to RNA degradation, even though deregulation of RNA degradation following the loss of function of PcG proteins is not likely to be mediated by a PcG protein-mediated chromatin environment. Therefore, we conclude that PcG protein function is essential to maintain an accurate level of RNA degradation to ensure accurate gene expression.
Guard-cell-targeted overexpression of ArabidopsisHexokinase 1can improve water use efficiency in field-grown tobacco plants
Authors: Acevedo-Siaca Liana G , Głowacka Katarzyna , Driever Steven M , Salesse-Smith Coralie E , Lugassi Nitsan , Granot David , Long Stephen P , Kromdijk Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater deficit currently acts as one of the largest limiting factors for agricultural productivity worldwide. Additionally, limitation by water scarcity is projected to continue in the future with the further onset of effects of global climate change. As a result, it is critical to develop or breed for crops that have increased water use efficiency and that are more capable of coping with water scarce conditions. However, increased intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) typically brings a trade-off with CO2 assimilation as all gas exchange is mediated by stomata, through which CO2 enters the leaf while water vapor exits. Previously, promising results were shown using guard-cell-targeted overexpression of hexokinase to increase iWUE without incurring a penalty in photosynthetic rates or biomass production. Here, two homozygous transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines expressing Arabidopsis Hexokinase 1 (AtHXK1) constitutively (35SHXK2 and 35SHXK5) and a line that had guard-cell-targeted overexpression of AtHXK1 (GCHXK2) were evaluated relative to wild type for traits related to photosynthesis and yield. In this study, iWUE was significantly higher in GCHXK2 compared with wild type without negatively impacting CO2 assimilation, although results were dependent upon leaf age and proximity of precipitation event to gas exchange measurement.
A mechanistic study of the influence of nitrogen and energy availability on the NH4+ sensitivity of nitrogen assimilation in Synechococcus
Authors: Giordano Mario , Goodman Charles A , Huang Fengying , Raven John A , Ruan Zuoxi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In most algae, NO3− assimilation is tightly controlled and is often inhibited by the presence of NH4+. In the marine, non-colonial, non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 2380, NO3− assimilation is sensitive to NH4+ only when N does not limit growth. We sequenced the genome of Synechococcus UTEX 2380, studied the genetic organization of the nitrate assimilation related (NAR) genes, and investigated expression and kinetics of the main NAR enzymes, under N or light limitation. We found that Synechococcus UTEX 2380 is a β-cyanobacterium with a full complement of N uptake and assimilation genes and NAR regulatory elements. The nitrate reductase of our strain showed biphasic kinetics, previously observed only in freshwater or soil diazotrophic Synechococcus strains. Nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase showed little response to our growth treatments, and their activity was usually much higher than that of nitrate reductase. NH4+ insensitivity of NAR genes may be associated with the stimulation of the binding of the regulator NtcA to NAR gene promoters by the high 2-oxoglutarate concentrations produced under N limitation. NH4+ sensitivity in energy-limited cells fits with the fact that, under these conditions, the use of NH4+ rather than NO3− decreases N-assimilation cost, whereas it would exacerbate N shortage under N limitation.