bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global polygons for terrain classification divided into uniform slopes and basins
Authors: Iwahashi Junko , Yamazaki Dai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobal terrain classification data have been used for various issues related to topography such as the estimation of soil types and of ground vulnerability to earthquakes and the creation of seismic hazard maps. However, due to the resolution of digital elevation models (DEMs), the terrain classification data from previous studies could not discriminate small landforms such as plains at the bottom of narrow valleys and small rises in plains. Owing to the greater regional variation of small landforms, there is trade-off between DEMs of higher resolution and the creation of global geomorphological legends. To address this problem, we first merged regions with similar topographic characteristics using slope gradients and HAND (height above the nearest drainage) calculated by the 90-m-spatial-resolution DEMs interpolated from the multi-error-removed improved-terrain DEM (MERIT DEM), and united the polygons with the unit catchments of the MERIT-Basins dataset, so that the polygons contain calculated terrain measurements (slope gradient, HAND, surface texture, local convexity, sinks) and noise types as attributes, as well as the ID number of the unit catchment. In addition, we performed k-means clustering on the dataset using slope gradient, HAND, and surface texture, which can be combined with the dataset as a simple terrain classification. The clustering results were prepared in 15 and 40 global uniform clusters and 15 and 40 clusters for each basin to understand the global appearance of the terrain and provide zoning data for regional problem-solving. The 15 clusters were prepared to observe the outline of the terrain without any processing, whereas the 40 clusters were prepared to group and reclassify the polygons to create zoning data for each region. This dataset showed improvements in terms of capturing the small rises in plains compared to the authors' previous global terrain classification data. This dataset can be used as a proxy and is expected to contribute to modeling and estimation in various applications that are known to be related to topography. The datasets of this article are available at [https://gisstar.gsi.go.jp/terrain2021/].
Intravitreal injection of mitochondrial DNA induces cell damage and retinal dysfunction in rats
Authors: Guo Yue , Gan Dekang , Hu Fangyuan , Cheng Yun , Yu Jian , Lei Boya , Shu Qinmeng , Gu Ruiping , Xu Gezhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Retinal neurodegeneration is induced by a variety of environmental insults and stresses, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we explored the involvement of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), resulting in the cGAS-STING dependent inflammatory response and apoptosis in retinal damage in vivo.

Methods
Retinal injury was induced with white light or intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After light- or LPS-induced injury, the amount of cytosolic mtDNA in the retina was detected by PCR. The mtDNA was isolated and used to transfect retinas in vivo. WB and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the activation of cGAS-STING pathway and the levels of apoptosis-associated protein at different times after mtDNA injection. Retinal cell apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL staining. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) was used to assess the retinal function.

Results
Light injury and the intravitreal injection of LPS both caused the leakage of mtDNA into the cytoplasm in retinal tissue. After the transfection of mtDNA in vivo, the levels of cGAS, STING, and IFN-β mRNAs and the protein levels of STING, phosph-TBK1, phospho-IRF3, and IFN-β were upregulated. mtDNA injection also induced the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9. BAX and BAK were increased at both the mRNA and protein levels. The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol was increased after mtDNA injection. The wave amplitudes on ERG decreased and retinal cell apoptosis was detected after mtDNA injection.

Conclusions
Cytosolic mtDNA triggers an inflammatory response. It also promotes apoptosis and the dysfunction of the retina.
Effects of philosophical ethics in early childhood on preschool children's social–emotional competence and theory of mind
Authors: Arda Tuncdemir Tugce B. , Burroughs Michael D. , Moore Ginger 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough social–emotional learning (SEL) and ethics education are important, it remains a challenging issue to effectively implement these practices. In this study, a Philosophical Ethics in Early Childhood approach is proposed for developing children's social–emotional competence and Theory of Mind. To evaluate the effectiveness of this expanded intervention, an experiment was conducted by assigning 73 children aged 3–5 to an experimental group (N = 37) and a comparative group (N = 36). Parents and teachers completed Head Start Competence Scales, the Theory of Mind Inventory and parent and teacher questionnaires. Teacher and Child Interviews were conducted. According to the teachers’ reports, the experimental group children demonstrated significantly increased social–emotional competence skills and increased understanding of their own and others’ emotions compared to the comparative group children. This program includes games, extension activities, and dialogue to support children in deeply thinking about social and emotional dilemmas, sharing their ideas, and creating solutions.
Survival Nomogram for Young Breast Cancer Patients Based on the SEER Database and an External Validation Cohort
Authors: Huang Xiao , Luo Zhou , Liang Wei , Xie Guojian , Lang Xusen , Gou Jiaxiang , Liu Chenxiao , Xu Xiangnan , Fu Deyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundYoung breast cancer (YBC) patients are more prone to lymph node metastasis than other age groups. Our study aimed to investigate the predictive value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in YBC patients and create a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS), thus helping clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsPatients diagnosed with YBC between January 2010 and December 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled and randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set with a ratio of 7:3. An independent cohort from our hospital was used for external validation. Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to identify the significant factors associated with prognosis, which were used to create a nomogram for predicting 3- and 5-year OS.ResultsWe selected seven survival predictors (tumor grade, T-stage, N-stage, LNR, ER status, PR status, HER2 status) for nomogram construction. The C-indexes in the training set, the internal validation set, and the external validation set were 0.775, 0.778 and 0.817, respectively. The nomogram model was well calibrated, and the time-dependent ROC curves verified the superiority of our model for clinical usefulness. In addition, the nomogram classification could more precisely differentiate risk subgroups and improve the discrimination of YBC prognosis.ConclusionsLNR is a strong predictor of OS in YBC patients. The novel nomogram based on LNR is a reliable tool to predict survival, which may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and devising individual treatments.
Prior Experience of Managers and Maladaptive Responses to Performance Feedback: Evidence from Mutual Funds
Authors: Gaba Vibha , Lee Sunkee , Meyer-Doyle Philipp , Zhao-Ding Amy 
Published: June 2022

In this study, we examine how the prior experiences of decision makers systematically influence their assessment of and responses to negative performance feedback. We posit that, although greater and more specialized experiences enable managers to build relevant knowledge and expertise in specific domains, they also make them overconfident in their abilities and strategies. Such experience-induced overconfidence further leads to distortions in the performance assessment process, hindering a firm’s ability to recognize and respond to poor performance. We empirically test these arguments in the context of U.S. mutual fund managers making investment decisions in response to fund performance below aspirations. As hypothesized, we find that more experienced and more specialized fund managers change their investment decisions less when faced with negative performance feedback than managers who are less experienced and less specialized. In additional analyses, we further show that the lower responsiveness of more experienced (specialized) managers is associated with the fund’s lower future performance, supporting our proposed theoretical mechanism (overconfidence). This study augments existing performance feedback research by showing how decision makers’ prior experience can impede problem-solving behavior in organizations. It also contributes to the literature on human capital and organizational learning by documenting an unintended consequence of accumulated human capital on firm adaptive behavior. Funding: This work was supported by INSEAD research & development funds. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1605 .
About the Word Emre
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Hakan 
Published: June 2022

Etymology studies, as it is known, occupy a very important and wide place in the field of Turcology. In essence, etymology is a study of origins that emerges by revealing possible views on the word by analyzing the structures on it by adhering to the possible meaning or meanings of the word, and by getting help from other words that fall within the conceptual field, if any. In this respect, etymology is a kind of mental exercise as a static knowledge production activity. It can be said that similar exercises have been done in the past for the word Emre. In this sense, it can be said that what has been said in the past is sufficient to get an idea about the origin of the word Emre. So much so that, at first glance, it can be stated with great ease that the word "emre" may be a modified form of the word "hemrah".
Both the lifestyle of Yunus Emre, whose philosophy of dervish transgressed the borders, the concept of leech, which includes the concept of the path in Sufism, and the sound changes of the word, which made it possible for us to build a bridge to the new form, have an important role in the formation of our opinion. Despite all these strong data, the relationship between emre and amrak, which we think is overshadowed, presents an image that deserves to be emphasized again. Contrary to the most basic basis of etymology, which includes a discipline that develops on the necessity of refuting the ideas that have been put forward, it would be useful to focus on the possibility of both ideas. In short, it can be argued that the word amrak, which has enough data to eclipse it, can be argued that all the doors cannot be closed on the way to hemrah.
Effects of eight weeks of mat pilates training on selected hematological parameters and plasma volume variations in healthy active women
Authors: Ghazel Nourhen , Souissi Amine , Salhi Iyed , Dergaa Ismail , Martins-Costa Hugo Cesar , Musa Sarah , Ben saad Helmi , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf 
Published: June 2022

Aim
To evaluate the effects of eight weeks of mat Pilates training on selected hematological parameters, i.e. white blood cell, neutrophils, monocyte, lymphocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin as well as plasma volume variations in healthy, active women.

Methods
Twenty-eight women physical education students volunteered to participate in the present investigation. They were assigned to two groups: a Pilates training group (n = 14) that followed an 8-week Pilates training program, and a control group (n = 14). Blood samples were collected at rest at two separate occasions before and after Pilates training.

Results
The Pilates training group had higher values of plasma volume variations and lower values of white blood cell (19.4%), neutrophils (32%), hematocrit (4.3%) and hemoglobin (4.6%) compared to control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggested that Pilates training could be an effective strategy for increasing plasma volume variations and boosting immune system in healthy active women.
Hospitals early challenges and interventions combatting COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Ravaghi Hamid , Naidoo Vanessa , Mataria Awad , Khalil Merette 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDuring rapidly evolving outbreaks, health services and essential medical care are interrupted as facilities have become overwhelmed responding to COVID-19. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), more than half of countries are affected by emergencies, hospitals face complex challenges as they respond to humanitarian crises, maintain essential services, and fight the pandemic. While hospitals in the EMR have adapted to combat COVID-19, evidence-based and context-specific recommendations are needed to guide policymakers and hospital managers on best practices to strengthen hospitals’ readiness, limit the impact of the pandemic, and create lasting hospital sector improvements towards recovery and resilience.AimGuided by the WHO/EMR’s “Hospital readiness checklist for COVID-19”, this study presents the experiences of EMR hospitals in combatting COVID-19 across the 22 EMR countries, including their challenges and interventions across the checklist domains, to inform improvements to pandemic preparedness, response, policy, and practice.MethodsTo collect in-depth and comprehensive information on hospital experiences, qualitative and descriptive quantitative data was collected between May-October 2020. To increase breadth of responses, this comprehensive qualitative study triangulated findings from a regional literature review with the findings of an open-ended online survey (n = 139), and virtual in-depth key informant interviews with 46 policymakers and hospital managers from 18 out of 22 EMR countries. Purposeful sampling supported by snowballing was used and continued until reaching data saturation, measures were taken to increase the trustworthiness of the results. Led by the checklist domains, qualitative data was thematically analyzed using MAXQDA.FindingsHospitals faced continuously changing challenges and needed to adapt to maintain operations and provide essential services. This thematic analysis revealed major themes for the challenges and interventions utilized by hospitals for each of hospital readiness domains: Preparedness, Leadership, Operational support, logistics, supply management, Communications and Information, Human Resources, Continuity of Essential Services and Surge Capacity, Rapid Identification and Diagnosis, Isolation and Case Management, and Infection, Prevention and Control.ConclusionHospitals are the backbone of COVID-19 response, and their resilience is essential for achieving universal health coverage. Multi-pronged (across each of the hospitals readiness domains) and multi-level policies are required to strengthen hospitals resilience and prepare health systems for future outbreaks and shocks.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of patent foramen ovale closure versus medical therapy alone after cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Shijoh Yoko , Saito Shota , Dai Zhehao , Ohde Sachiko 
Published: June 2022

Background
Closure of a patent foramen ovale reduces the risk of recurrent stroke compared with medical therapy alone in young patients with cryptogenic strokes revealed by randomized control trials. Some cost-effectiveness analyses outside Japan have shown that patent foramen ovale closure is cost-effective, but no studies have examined cost-effectiveness in Japan. The objective of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness, from the perspective of a Japanese healthcare payer, of patent foramen ovale closure versus medical therapy alone for patients with patent foramen ovale related to cryptogenic strokes.

Methods
A cost-effectiveness study was conducted by developing a decision tree and a Markov model. Probabilities and a 5.9-year time horizon followed the RESPECT study. Utilities and costs were based upon published studies and assumptions. All assumptions were assessed by experts, including a cardiologist and a statistical expert. The target population comprised patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale, aged 60 years or younger. The model was discounted at 2.0% and its cycle was one month. A willingness-to-pay threshold is set at $50,000 / quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was evaluated. Then one-way sensitivity analyses as deterministic sensitivity analysis, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess data robustness.

Results
Incremental quality-adjusted life years, incremental costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were 0.464, $13,562, and $29,208 per QALY gained, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the stable state utility score difference between patent foramen ovale closure and medical therapy had the largest impact on incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Patent foramen ovale closure is cost-effective at a stable state utility score difference of >0.051, compared with medical therapy. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that patent foramen ovale closure was 50.3% cost-effective.

Conclusions
Patent foramen ovale closure was cost-effective compared with medical therapy for Japanese patients with cryptogenic stroke who were ≤60 years.
Severity of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Belgium
Authors: Van Goethem Nina , Vandromme Mathil , Van Oyen Herman , Haarhuis Freek , Brondeel Ruben , Catteau Lucy , André Emmanuel , Cuypers Lize ,   Belgian Collaborative Group on COVID-19 Hospital surveillance,   COVID-19 Genomics Belgium consortium, Blot Koen , Serrien Ben 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 depends on the interplay between host characteristics, viral characteristics and contextual factors. Here, we compare COVID-19 disease severity between hospitalized patients in Belgium infected with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 and those infected with previously circulating strains.

Methods
The study is conducted within a causal framework to study the severity of SARS-CoV-2 variants by merging surveillance registries in Belgium. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (‘exposed’) was compared to infection with previously circulating strains (‘unexposed’) in terms of the manifestation of severe COVID-19, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or in-hospital mortality. The exposed and unexposed group were matched based on the hospital and the mean ICU occupancy rate during the patient’s hospital stay. Other variables identified as confounders in a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) were adjusted for using regression analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the influence of selection bias, vaccination rollout, and unmeasured confounding.

Results
We observed no difference between the exposed and unexposed group in severe COVID-19 disease or in-hospital mortality (RR = 1.15, 95% CI [0.93–1.38] and RR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.62–1.23], respectively). The estimated standardized risk to be admitted in ICU was significantly higher (RR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.03–1.68]) when infected with the B.1.1.7 variant. An age-stratified analysis showed that among the younger age group (≤65 years), the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was significantly associated with both severe COVID-19 progression and ICU admission.

Conclusion
This matched observational cohort study did not find an overall increased risk of severe COVID-19 or death associated with B.1.1.7 infection among patients already hospitalized. There was a significant increased risk to be transferred to ICU when infected with the B.1.1.7 variant, especially among the younger age group. However, potential selection biases advocate for more systematic sequencing of samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Heart rate variability in hypothyroid patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brusseau Valentin , Tauveron Igor , Bagheri Reza , Ugbolue Ukadike Chris , Magnon Valentin , Navel Valentin , Bouillon-Minois Jean-Baptiste , Dutheil Frederic 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Hypothyroidism may be associated with changes in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, which may have clinical implications.

Objective
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of hypothyroidism on HRV.

Materials and methods
PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar were searched until 20 August 2021 for articles reporting HRV parameters in untreated hypothyroidism and healthy controls. Random-effects meta-analysis were stratified by degree of hypothyroidism for each HRV parameters: RR intervals (or normal to normal-NN intervals), SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMSSD (square root of the mean difference of successive RR intervals), pNN50 (percentage of RR intervals with >50ms variation), total power (TP), LFnu (low-frequency normalized unit), HFnu (high-frequency), VLF (very low frequency), and LF/HF ratio.

Results
We included 17 studies with 11438 patients: 1163 hypothyroid patients and 10275 healthy controls. There was a decrease in SDNN (effect size = -1.27, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.83), RMSSD (-1.66, -2.32 to -1.00), pNN50 (-1.41, -1.98 to -0.84), TP (-1.55, -2.1 to -1.00), HFnu (-1.21, -1.78 to -0.63) with an increase in LFnu (1.14, 0.63 to 1.66) and LF/HF ratio (1.26, 0.71 to 1.81) (p <0.001). HRV alteration increased with severity of hypothyroidism.

Conclusions
Hypothyroidism is associated with a decreased HRV, that may be explained by molecular mechanisms involving catecholamines and by the effect of TSH on HRV. The increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity may have clinical implications.
Development, validation and evaluation of an online medication review tool (MedReview)
Authors: Thiruchelvam Kaeshaelya , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Pudmenzky Alex , Se Wong Pei , Kairuz Therese 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
To develop, validate and evaluate a computerized clinical decision support system (MedReview) that aids medication reviewers with pharmacological decision-making.

Methods
This study included three phases; the development phase included computerizing a consolidated medication review algorithm (MedReview), followed by validation and evaluation of MedReview and responding to a web-based survey designed using patient scenarios. Participants had to be ‘fully registered’ with the Malaysian Pharmacy Board and work full-time at a community pharmacy.

Results
MedReview was developed as a web app. It was validated among 100 community pharmacists from May-July 2021 using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). There was acceptable content validity and fair inter-rater agreement, and good convergent and discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in five domains to determine the attitude of pharmacists about using MedReview: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, trust, and personal initiatives and characteristics; the total variance explained by five factors was 76.36%. The survey questionnaire had a high overall reliability value of 0.96. Evaluation of MedReview was based on mean scores of survey items. Of all items included in the survey, the highest mean score (out of 7) was achieved for ‘I could use MedReview if it is meaningful/relevant to my daily tasks’ (5.78 ± 1.10), followed by ‘I could use MedReview if I feel confident that the data returned by MedReview is reliable’ (5.77 ± 1.21), and ‘I could use MedReview if it protects the privacy of its users’ (5.73 ± 1.20).

Conclusion
Community pharmacists generally had a positive attitude towards MedReview. They found that MedReview is trustworthy and they had the intention to use it when conducting medication reviews. The adaptation of the TAM in the survey instrument was reliable and internally valid.