bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise and Decline of Brazil as a Regional Power (2003–2016)
Authors: Bernal-Meza Raúl 
Published: August 2022

Brazil’s evolution as a regional emerging power began under Lula’s leadership and declined with Rousseff’s dismissal and the domestic political, economic, and leadership crisis that led to its loss of regional relevance, the deterioration of its leadership in South America, and its failure to achieve a strategic international alliance of middle powers. This decline was expressed on the international level in the core-periphery bond developed with China within BRICS and on the level of South America in the loss of relevance of the regional governance institutions Lula once promoted. La evolución de Brasil como potencia emergente regional empezó bajo el gobierno de Lula y declinó con la destitución de Rousseff y la externalización de la crisis política, económica y de liderazgo interna y la consiguiente pérdida de relevancia regional, el deterioro de su liderazgo en Sudamérica y el fracaso de objetivos en su alianza internacional de potencias medias. Las manifestaciones de la declinación a nivel internacional se expresan en el vínculo de carácter centro-periferia desarrollado con China al interior de BRICS y a nivel sudamericano en la pérdida de relevancia de las instituciones de gobernabilidad regional que Lula había impulsado.
Does Outlaw Love Lead to Prison Time? Paths of Women Convicted of Drug Trafficking in Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila , Martino Natália 
Published: August 2022

The results of a multimethod study carried out in the largest female penitentiary in the state of Minas Gerais challenge the premise, often mentioned in the Brazilian literature, that women arrested for drug trafficking have been led to criminality by male influence. They indicate that, while present in the narratives provided by incarcerated women, male influence is not the main reason for their involvement in drug trafficking. Gender, poverty, structural racism, and the selectivity of the criminal justice system are intertwined in the incarceration of women for drug trafficking in this Brazilian prison. Os resultados de um estudo multimétodo realizado na maior penitenciária feminina do estado de Minas Gerais desafiam a premissa, muitas vezes mencionada na literatura brasileira, de que mulheres presas por tráfico de drogas têm sido levadas à criminalidade por influência masculina. Indicam que, embora presente nas narrativas fornecidas pelas mulheres encarceradas, a influência masculina não é o principal motivo de seu envolvimento no tráfico de drogas. Gênero, pobreza, racismo estrutural e a seletividade do sistema de justiça criminal se entrelaçam no encarceramento de mulheres por tráfico de drogas neste presídio brasileiro.
The association between socioeconomic position and the symptoms and concerns of hospital inpatients seen by specialist palliative care: Analysis of routinely collected patient data
Authors: Davies Joanna M , Sleeman Katherine E , Ramsenthaler Christina , Prentice Wendy , Maddocks Matthew , Murtagh Fliss EM 
Published: August 2022

Background: Understanding how socioeconomic position influences the symptoms and concerns of patients approaching the end of life is important for planning more equitable care. Data on this relationship is lacking, particularly for patients with non-cancer conditions. Aim: To analyse the association between socioeconomic position and the symptoms and concerns of older adult patients seen by specialist palliative care. Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional, routinely collected electronic patient data. We used multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors, to predict scores on the three subscales of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS; physical symptoms, emotional symptoms and communication and practical concerns) based on patient level of deprivation, measured using Index of Multiple Deprivation. Setting/participants: Consecutive inpatients aged 60 years and over, seen by specialist palliative care at two large teaching hospitals in London between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019. Results: Seven thousand eight hundred and sixty patients were included, 38.3% had cancer. After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, patients living in the most deprived areas had higher (worse) predicted mean scores on the communication and practical subscale than patients living in the least deprived areas, 5.38 (95% CI: 5.10, 5.65) compared to 4.82 (4.62, 5.02) respectively. This effect of deprivation diminished with increasing age. Deprivation was not associated with scores on the physical or emotional symptoms subscales. Conclusions: Targetting resources to address practical and communication concerns could be a strategy to reduce inequalities. Further research in different hospitals and across different settings using patient centred outcome measures is needed to examine inequalities.
Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in western Mexico
Authors: Michel-Regalado Néstor G , Ayala-Valdovinos Miguel A , Galindo-García Jorge , Duifhuis-Rivera Theodor , Virgen-Méndez Abraham 
Published: August 2022

Objectives Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most frequently diagnosed hereditary disease affecting Persian cats, is caused by a cytosine-to-adenine transversion (10063C>A) in PKD1, the gene that codes for polycystin-1. The objective of this study was to provide a preliminary estimate of the frequency of the pathogenic 10063C>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PKD1 in Persian and Persian-related cat breeds in western Mexico. Methods Blood samples were collected from 104 cats (89 Persian, seven Persian crossbreed, five Siamese and three Himalayan cats). Genotyping was performed with our proposed PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, as well as a previously established PCR-RFLP method for validation. The genotypes of control cats were corroborated by a commercial veterinary genetics laboratory. Results Our proposed PCR-RFLP assay and the validated PCR-RFLP methodology indicated that 24/104 (23.1%) cats in this study were heterozygous carriers of the 10063C>A SNP, including 23/89 Persian cats (25.8%) and 1/7 Persian crossbreed cats (14.3%). No Siamese or Himalayan cats were carriers. There were no discrepancies between the results obtained with our proposed assay and those obtained with the validation method or with commercial laboratory results. Conclusions and relevance The carrier frequency of the PKD1 10063C>A SNP in Persian and Persian-related cat breeds in western Mexico was found to be 23.1%. ADPKD frequencies among cat populations in Mexico have not been published previously. Genotyping assays can be used to facilitate the selection of breeding stocks by local breeders and veterinarians to avoid propagation of ADPKD.
Efficacy and Safety of LY3127804, an Anti-Angiopoietin-2 Antibody, in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial in Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia and Presumed or Confirmed COVID-19
Authors: Jones Rosie S. , Smith Patricia S. , Berg Paul H. , de la Peña Amparo , Cook Paul P. , Shawa Imad , Kioussopoulos Kathleen M. , Hu Yu , Schott Robert J. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are characterized by progressive respiratory failure and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with high mortality rates for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Levels of the vascular growth factor Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) in plasma have been strongly correlated with increased ARDS risk in patients with pneumonia or sepsis. The intent of this study was to determine whether LY3127804, an anti-Ang2 monoclonal antibody, could reduce the need for mechanical ventilation among patients admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and presumed or confirmed COVID-19. METHODS Patients admitted to hospital with confirmed pneumonia, presumed or confirmed COVID-19, and infiltrates on chest imaging and/or oxygen saturation of ≤ 95% on room air were stratified by age group (< 65 years and ≥ 65 years), sex, and site and randomly assigned 1:1 within each stratum to receive either LY3127804 (20 mg/kg) or placebo on Day 1 and possibly on Day 15. The primary end point for this study was number of days in which a patient did not require a ventilator over the 28-day study period. RESULTS Interim analysis assessed study futility after 95 randomized patients had 28-day data available and showed no benefit of LY3127804 in reducing the number of ventilator days over placebo. The study was subsequently terminated. CONCLUSION LY3127804 treatment did not decrease the need for ventilator usage in patients hospitalized with pneumonia and presumed or confirmed COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04342897
Functional outcome measures for distal radius fractures: A systematic review
Authors: Norton Briony , Bugden Benjamin , Liu Karen PY 
Published: August 2022

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify and describe the utility of functional outcome measures reported in intervention trials between 2010 and 2020, and to map these measures to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. Method: The search was carried out on MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials. Peer-reviewed intervention studies detailing the functional outcome measures used for any treatment for distal radius fracture were selected. Participant characteristics, outcome measures reported and the trends in their use over time and geographical locations were extracted. Results: This review analysed 119 studies. Thirty-one functional outcome measures were used across 36 countries. Ninety-two percent of studies measured both the Body Function/Structure and Activity/Participation domains of the ICF. The most frequently used measures were the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, Range of Motion and Grip Strength. There is a lack of measures on successful return to meaningful occupation. Conclusion: The outcome measures identified were equally spread across the ICF domains. There is a growing importance of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to supplement performance-based measures, but a lack of measure on successful return to meaningful occupation.
Evaluation of exposure factors of dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography to optimize radiation dose with improved image quality
Authors: Niroshani Sachila , Nakamura Tokiko , Michiru Nikaidou , Negishi Toru 
Published: August 2022

Background Dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography (DECEM) is an advanced breast imaging technique of digital mammography. Purpose To assess the total radiation dose received from complete DECEM using different combinations of exposure parameters for low- and high-energy images. Materials and methods A dedicated phantom with three different concentrations of iodine inserts was used. Each iodine insert was 10 mm in diameter and concentration of 1.0 mgI/cm3, 2.0 mgI/cm3, and 4.0 mgI/cm3. The phantom was exposed at varying kVp levels. Mean glandular dose (MGD) was estimated. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) of the iodine inserts were used to assess the image quality. Results The optimum CNR of the recombined images was obtained by using 28 kVp + 49 kVp tube voltage combination for 50 mm thickness, 50% fibroglandular phantom only with a 26% dose increase compared to the highest voltages (32 kVp + 49 kVp) that can be used for low energy (LE) and high energy (HE) imaging. The CNR value was increased with increasing iodine concentration ( R 2 > 0.99). Conclusion The use of as low as possible tube voltage for the LE imaging of standard 50% fibroglandular–50% adipose, 50 mm thickness breast while using the highest tube voltage for HE imaging has reduced the MGD while keeping optimum image quality.
Cognitive Function and Olfactory Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending a Salon
Authors: Yamamoto Kyoko , Shiota Seiji , Yoshiiwa Aoi , Chishima Tatsuo , Takigami Shigeru , Miyazaki Eishi 
Published: August 2022

Background: Early detection, treatment, and care are important for the prevention of dementia. Though olfactory impairment has been reported to be associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are few reports involving community-dwelling older adults with no difficulty in daily life in Japan. Objective: This study aimed to identify the frequency of MCI in community-dwelling elderly people attending community salons in a city with a high aging population, and to determine the usefulness of a pocket olfactory discrimination test. Methods: We recruited 268 independent older adults attending community salons. The Japanese version of the MCI Screen was used to evaluate cognitive function, defining MCI as <49.8 out of 100 scores of the memory performance index (MPI). The Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-J) was used for olfactory discrimination and the number of correct answers out of 4 questions was noted. Results: Of the salon participants, 138 (51.5%) were classified as having MCI. As the number of correct answers on the olfactory test decreased, the percentage of participants with MCI increased. The MPI score of the low UPSIT score group was significantly lower than that of the high UPSIT score group. Conclusions: This study revealed that approximately half of the elderly local residents living without daily problems were suspected of having MCI. The UPSIT-J-4 is a simple olfactory identification test, and can be used at any time and any place. It is useful for screening cognitive function via olfactory identification in a salon-like setting.
Disseminated Zoster Involving the Whole Body in an Immunocompetent Patient Complaining of Left Leg Radiating Pain and Weakness: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Moon Young-Seok , Cho Wan-Jae , Jung Youn-Sung , Lee Jun-Seok 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Disseminated herpes zoster is defined as at least 20 skin lesions in multiple dermatomes. In particular, it has been reported mainly in patients with immunological defects. To our knowledge, there is no reported case of disseminated zoster in a non-immunocompromised patient with leg radiating pain and weakness. Case presentation A 74-year-old man visited our hospital with left leg radiating pain and left hip pain. He had no underlying disease other than hypertension. Neurologic examination revealed radiating pain on the L4 dermatome of the left leg. The muscle power was grade 3 for the hip flexor and knee extensor, and grade 4 for the ankle dorsiflexor and big toe dorsiflexor of the left leg. There were no sensory changes or skin lesions on his left leg. Herniation of the nucleus pulposus of the lumbar spine was suspected and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. However, no pathologic lesions were seen on lumbar MRI. On the third day of hospitalization, erythematous patches and vesicles were observed on the head, face, ear, neck, trunk, back, and both lower extremities. Herpes zoster infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Treatment was performed with 250 mg of intravenous acyclovir every 8 hours for 6 days and 62.5 mg of intravenous methylprednisolone for 4 days. On the 13th day of hospitalization, the skin lesions and left leg radiating pain and weakness improved. Conclusion We report the first case of disseminated herpes zoster involving the whole body in a non-immunocompromised patient complaining of left leg radiating pain and weakness. After treatment, both the patient’s radiating pain and weakness improved.
Preoperative Disc Angle is an Important Predictor of Segmental Lordosis After Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Fusion
Authors: Alahmari Abdulmajeed , Thornley Patrick , Glennie Andrew , Urquhart Jennifer C. , Al-Jahdali Fares , Rampersaud Raja , Fisher Charles , Siddiqi Fawaz , Rasoulinejad Parham , Bailey Christopher S. 
Published: August 2022

Study Design Retrospective Cohort Study Objectives To determine the effect of interbody cages inserted via posterior approach on segmental lordosis in the setting of preoperative lordotic vs kyphotic discs in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS). Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on assessment and management of LDS patients from 2 contributing centres. Patients were analyzed preoperatively and at 12-month follow-up with standing lumbar radiographs. Index level segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL), disc angle and global lumbar lordosis was measured. Patients were stratified into 4 groups based on index level disc angle and procedure: preoperative lordotic posterolateral fusion (group L-PLF); preoperative kyphotic PLF (group K-PLF); preoperative lordotic interbody fusion (IF) (group L-IF); preoperative kyphotic IF (group K-IF). Results A total of 100/111 (90%) patients completed follow-up with 40 in group L-IF and 48 in group K-IF. There were 18 patients in group L-PLF and 5 in group K-PLF. Among patients with preoperatively lordotic disc angles who had a worsening of SLL, group L-IF had worse SLL than group L-PLF patients, with differences persisting at one-year (mean difference 2.30, 95% CI, .3, 4.3, P = .029). Patients in group K-IF achieved improvement in SLL at one-year more frequently than group L-IF (67% vs 44%, P = .046), with similar mean improvement magnitude between groups L-IF and K-IF (−1.1, 95% CI, −3.7, 1.6, P = .415). Conclusion Segmental lordosis worsening was greater with preoperative index lordotic disc angles when an interbody cage was used. Patients who have a kyphotic disc preoperatively gain more lordosis with interbody cage use.
Understanding Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management in Racial/Ethnic Minorities: Application of the Extended Parallel Processing Model and Sensemaking Theory in a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bass Sarah Bauerle , Swavely Deborah , Allen Shaneisha , Kelly Patrick J. , Hoadley Ariel , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Durrani Maryyam , Brajuha Jesse , Iwamaye Amy , Rubin Daniel J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand the role of perceived disease threat and self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients’ self-management by using the extended parallel processing model (EPPM) and sensemaking theory. Methods: Semistructured interviews (n = 25) were conducted with T2DM patients from an urban safety-net hospital. Participants were 50% male/female median age was 55 years and 76% were Black. Participants were categorized by EPPM group based on validated questionnaires (high/low disease threat [HT/LT]; high/low self-efficacy [HE/LE]). Nine were HT/HE, 7 HT/LE, 6 LT/HE, and 3 LT/LE. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive and deductive coding. Sensemaking theory was applied to contextualize and analyze data. Results: Those with HT indicated threat fluctuated throughout diagnosis but that certain triggers (eg, diabetic complications) drove changes in disease view. Those in the HT/HE group more frequently expressed disease acceptance, whereas the HT/LE group more often expressed anger or denial. HT/HE participants expressed having adequate social support and higher trust in health care providers. HT/LE participants reported limited problem-solving skills. In those with LT, the HE group took more ownership of self-management behaviors. The LT/LE group had heightened positive and negative emotional responses that appeared to limit their ability to perform self-care. They also less frequently described problem-solving skills, instead expressing reliance on medical guidance from their providers. Conclusions: EPPM and sensemaking theory are effective frameworks for understanding how perceived health threat and self-efficacy may impede T2DM self-care. A greater focus on these constructs is needed to improve care among low-income minority patients, especially those with low threat and self-efficacy.
Comparing a ses-sensitive and an all-ses implementation strategy to improve participation rates of patients with a lower socioeconomic background in a web-based intervention for depressive complaints: a cluster randomised trial in primary care
Authors: Leone Stephanie S. , Smeets Odile , Lokman Suzanne , Boon Brigitte , van der Poel Agnes , Van Doesum Tessa , Shields-Zeeman Laura , Kramer Jeannet , Smit Filip 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Depression is a major public health concern, which is most pronounced in population segments with a lower social-economic status (SES). E-health interventions for depressive complaints are proven to be effective, but their reach needs to be improved, especially among people with a lower socioeconomic status (SES). Implementing e-health interventions in the primary care setting with SES-sensitive guidance from General Practice nurses (GP nurses) may be a useful strategy to increase the reach of e-health in lower SES groups. We implemented an evidence-based online intervention that targets depressive complaints in primary care.

Methods
A pragmatic cluster-randomised trial was conducted in two parallel groups where a SES sensitive (SES-sens) implementation strategy with additional face-to-face guidance by GP nurses was compared to an all-SES implementation strategy. The primary outcome was the percentage of lower SES participants in either condition. Participation was defined as completing at least 1 face-to-face session and 2 online exercises. Participation rates were evaluated using logistic mixed modelling.

Results
In both conditions, the participation rates of lower SES participants were quite high, but were notably lower in the SES-sens implementation condition (44%) than in the all-SES implementation condition (58%). This unexpected outcome remained statistically significant even after adjusting for potential confounders between the conditions (Odds Ratio 0.43, 95%-CI 0.22 to 0.81). Less guidance was provided by the GP nurses in the SES-sens group, contrary to the implementation instructions.

Conclusions
From a public health point of view, it is good news that a substantial number of primary care patients with a lower SES level used the implemented e-health intervention. It is also positive that an all-SES implementation strategy performed well, and even outperformed a SES-sensitive strategy. However, this was an unexpected finding, warranting further research into tailoring implementation strategies of e-health interventions towards specific target groups in the primary care setting.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register, identifier: NL6595, registered on 12 November 2017.