bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dose perturbation tool for robotic radiosurgery: Experimental validation and application to liver lesions
Authors: Liu Ming , Cygler Joanna E. , Dennis Kristopher , Vandervoort Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn analytical tool is empirically validated and used to assess the delivered dose to liver lesions accounting for different types of errors in robotic radiosurgery treatment.Material and methodsA tool is proposed to estimate the target doses taking into account the translation, rotation, and deformation of a target. Translational errors are modeled as a spatial convolution of the planned dose with a probability distribution function derived from treatment data. Rotations are modeled by rotating the target volume about the imaging isocenter. Target deformation is simulated as an isotropic target expansion or contraction based on changes in inter‐fiducial spacing. The estimated dose is validated using radiochromic film measurements in nine experimental conditions, including in‐phase and out‐of‐phase internal‐and‐external breathing motion patterns, with and without uncorrectable rotations, and for homogenous and heterogeneous phantoms. The measured dose is compared to the perturbed and planned doses using gamma analyses. This proposed tool is applied to assess the dose coverage for liver treatments using D99/Rx where D99 and Rx are the minimum target and prescription doses, respectively. These metrics are used to evaluate plan robustness to different magnitudes of rotational errors. Case studies are presented to illustrate how to improve plan robustness against delivery errors.ResultsIn the experimental validations, measured dose agrees with the estimated dose at the 2%/2 mm level. When accounting for translational and rotational tracking residual errors using this tool, approximately one‐fifth of targets are considered underdosed (D99/Rx < 1.0). If target expansion or contraction is modeled, approximately one‐third of targets are underdosed. The dose coverage can be improved if treatments are planned following proposed guidelines.ConclusionThe dose perturbation model can be used to assess dose delivery accuracy and investigate plan robustness to different types of errors.
Incident Gout and Risk of First‐Time Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Prospective, Population‐Based Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Drivelegka Panagiota , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Lindström Ulf , Bengtsson Karin , Dehlin Mats 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of first‐time acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a large cohort of primary and secondary care patients with incident gout compared to the general population.MethodsUsing register data for the period 2007–2017, we conducted a prospective, population‐based cohort with 20,146 patients with incident gout (mean age 65.6 years; 67.4% male) and 83,517 matched population controls without prior history of coronary heart disease. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for baseline comorbidities and dispensed prescriptions. In a sensitivity analysis, we included gout cases and controls with no previously diagnosed comorbidity (6,075 cases and 44,091 controls).ResultsThe IR of first‐time ACS was significantly increased in the gout cohort compared to controls (9.1 versus 6.3 of 1,000 person‐years). Unadjusted Cox regression showed that gout patients had higher risk of first‐time ACS compared to controls (HR 1.44 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.33–1.56]), with a higher HR in women (HR 1.64 [95% CI 1.41–1.90]) than in men (HR 1.36 [95% CI, 1.24–1.50]). In multivariable analysis, the risk diminished but remained significant (HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.06–1.25]). The risk was similar in the sensitivity analysis (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.01–1.44]) and still higher in women (HR 1.34 [95% CI 0.86–2.08]) than in men (HR 1.18 [95% CI 0.97–1.44]).ConclusionPatients with incident gout have a 44% increased risk of first‐time ACS, higher in women than in men. This risk is largely explained by the underlying comorbidities, but there is still a modestly increased risk that may be due to gout‐related factors.
Evidence of Plasticity‐Driven Conductivity Drop in an Ultra‐Low‐k Dielectric Organosilicate Glass
Authors: Rusinowicz Morgan , Volpi Fabien , Parry Guillaume , Braccini Muriel , Boujrouf Chaymaa , Verdier Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvanced devices (for microelectronics, energy storage, power sourcing) are complex architectures of metals and dielectrics subjected to harsh mechanical stresses. The functional reliability of the embedded dielectrics is driven by their ability to preserve their electrical properties (such as leakage and breakdown). Accordingly, understanding the interplay between the mechanical and electrical behaviors of dielectric films is critical to predict the lifetime of functional devices. In this study, the effect of plastic deformation on the electrical conduction of an ultra‐low‐k dielectric film is elucidated by combining in situ advanced experiments and finite element modeling. Experimentally, “electrical‐nanoindentation” tests emphasize the strong correlation between electrical and mechanical failures (leakage degradation, breakdown, plasticity, cracking). These experiments also reveal a counterintuitive electrical conduction drop under high mechanical stresses. This phenomenon is reproduced numerically by correcting the Poole–Frenkel conduction law with a strain‐dependent factor, and described analytically in terms of space‐charge build‐up induced by the trapping of holes at the mechanically generated defects. A threshold strain is identified as the keystone relating this strain‐dependent conduction to the current line distribution within the dielectric. This study provides a new understanding of the mechanical/electrical couplings in dielectrics, which opens promising insights into reliability issues for advanced devices.
Gigantic Effect due to Phase Transition on Thermoelectric Properties of Ionic Sol–Gel Materials
Authors: Liu Jin , Zeng Wei , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSol–gel phase transition in ionic thermoelectrical (i‐TE) materials induces large rapid change in viscosity and ionic transport process and is thus expected to yield a drastic variation in thermoelectric properties, crucial in low‐grade waste heat harvesting and wearable electronic applications. In this study, four types of i‐TE materials are prepared and examined. For the first time, a large rise in the thermopower by 6.5 times during the sol–gel transition of poloxamer/LiCl system is observed, an even greater ionic figure of merit by ≈23 times. The phenomenon is found to be universal as the large variation in thermopower is confirmed in the other transitional materials. The study further reveals the mechanism and proposes a model that deals with the whole process. Finally, six factors influencing the huge variation of the thermopower during the phase‐transition are probed and light is shed on the possible gigantic changes of thermopower during the phase transition. A possible route is uncovered to design and control the desired thermoelectric performances of materials, which can lead to a new sight in tunable i‐TE devices for low‐heat energy harvesting applications.
Room Temperature Triggered Single Photon Emission from Self‐Assembled GaN/AlN Quantum Dot in Nanowire
Authors: Chen Ling , Sheng Bowen , Sheng Shanshan , Wang Ping , Sun Xiaoxiao , Li Duo , Wang Tao , Tao Renchun , Liu Shangfeng , Chen Zhaoying , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRoom temperature (RT) operation is one of the crucial requirements for the practical applications of single photon emitters. Here, RT triggered single photon emission from self‐assembled GaN quantum dots (QDs) embedded in AlN nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si (111) substrate is demonstrated. Photoluminescence of GaN/AlN QDs show strong emission in the range of 3.6–4.1 eV at 4.7 K, with average full width at half maximum of ≈2.7 meV, the sharpest one reaches as narrow as 1.6 meV. The QD exhibits a fast‐radiative lifetime of ≈0.98 ns at 4.7 K due to strong quantum confinement. A clear antibunching effect is observable up to RT, with a second‐order correlation function at zero time delay g(2)(0) = 0.35 ± 0.05, confirming single photon emission at RT, manifesting strong potential for practical quantum information applications.
High‐Performance Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Passivating Defect and Constructing Dual Energy‐Transfer Pathway through Functional Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Gao Yanbo , Liu Yue , Zhang Fujun , Bao Xinyu , Xu Zehua , Bai Xue , Lu Min , Wu Yanjie , Wu Zhennan , Zhang Ye , Wang Quan , Gao Xiujun , Wang Yinghui , Shi Zhifeng , Hu Junhua , Yu William W. , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites have emerged as a promising luminescent material for perovskite light‐emitting diodes (Pe‐LEDs). However, efficiency and stability are still obstacles to practical application due to numerous defects and inefficient energy transfer of perovskite films. Herein, functional phenethylammonium bromine‐modified CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (PEA‐CsPbBr3 NCs) are first introduced as multifunctional additive to simultaneously improve abovementioned problems. PEA‐CsPbBr3 NCs not only serve as heteronuclear seeds and trigger growth, thus greatly reducing leakage current, but also deliver Cs+ and Br− to passivate the intrinsic defects inside film. More importantly, the PEA‐CsPbBr3 construct a new carrier‐transfer pathway from the small‐n phase of the quasi‐2D perovskite to the PEA‐CsPbBr3, which not only accelerates the energy‐transfer process but also promotes radiation recombination of carriers due to stronger quantum confinement effect. Afterward, the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate/poly[9,9‐dioctylfluoreneco‐N‐[4‐(3‐methylpropyl)]diphenylamine]:black phosphorus quantum dot double hole‐transport layer is successfully constructed to enhance its carrier‐injection and charge‐transport abilities. Consequently, a champion external quantum efficiency of 25.32% and maximal brightness of 128 842 cd m−2 are achieved, which is the record efficiency of the quasi‐2D Pe‐LED with pure green emission at 530 nm. Moreover, an impressive 174 min lifetime is obtained at T50, which is about five times longer than the control device.
Load‐Dependent Friction Hysteresis for Graphitic Surfaces in n‐Hexadecane
Authors: Baboukani Behnoosh Sattari , Pitkar Ashutosh , Ye Zhijiang , Nalam Prathima C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSliding‐induced friction behavior of a single‐asperity silica probe against few‐layer (FL) graphene and bulk graphite is measured in the presence of n‐hexadecane using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The load‐dependent nanoscale friction measurements display friction hysteresis, i.e., higher friction forces during unloading of the contact than loading, at a given normal load. However, unlike hysteresis in friction of graphene measured in ambient, several unique trends are observed when the contact is immersed in n‐hexadecane. First, the friction hysteresis is measured up to a transition load and beyond which is found negligible; second, a similar behavior is observed on bulk graphite; and third, a friction strengthening of the contact persisted up to several nanometers. Quasi‐static force‐separation curves identify up to four layers of n‐hexadecane solvation layers on graphitic surfaces. Molecular dynamic simulations illustrate that the solvated n‐hexadecane molecules within the contact carry the probe load and determine the generated contact area, affecting friction hysteresis. Further, during AFM probe sliding, instead of a pucker, a molecular pile‐up of n‐hexadecane, in front of the tip is observed. These findings provide new perspectives on understanding of the dissipation mechanisms of graphene that predominantly are surrounded by structured liquid molecules.
Interfacial Engineering Based on Polyethylene Glycol and Cuprous Thiocyanate Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Weiting , Dong Haiyue , Li Xingyu , Xia Tian , Zheng Guoyuan , Tian Nan , Mo Shuyi , Peng Yong , Yang Yang , Yao Disheng , Long Fei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an ideal inorganic hole transport material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, polar solvents for film deposition of CuSCN run a risk of destroying the perovskite light‐absorbing layer. There is also a poor contact between perovskites and CuSCN, restricting photovoltaic performance and operational stability of PSCs. In this work, a polyethylene glycol (PEG‐10000) is employed as an interlayer to effectively overcome the obstacles mentioned above. By introducing this ultra‐thin layer at the interface between (MAFA)Pb(IBr)3 and CuSCN, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability of the related PSCs are both greatly improved. The results confirm that the insertion of PEG cannot only prevent the destruction of bulk perovskites but also reduce the traps/defects at the interface through its strong chemical bonding with undercoordinated ions, which significantly lowers the potential barrier between the perovskite and the hole transport layer. An improved PCE of 19.2% can be achieved in the CuSCN‐based PSCs by interface engineering with PEG. The introduction of PEG can also protect the perovskite film from moisture attack, and greatly enhance device stability. The PEG‐treated PSCs without encapsulation maintain more than 90% of the initial efficiency after 1860 h in the ambient air.
Electrically Tunable, Fully Solid Reflective Optical Elements
Authors: Phillips Alexis T. , Schlafmann Kyle R. , Fowler Hayden E. , White Timothy J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrochromic devices have seen widespread adoption in the automotive and aerospace industries and are increasingly considered for applications in the built environment, such as smart windows. Here, a distinctive approach is reported to realizing electrochromism in solid, polymeric materials. The optical elements are based on liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) that retain the cholesteric phase (CLCEs). By integrating flexible, optically transparent, and conductive electrodes the CLCEs are actuated as dielectric elastomer actuators. Application of an electric field causes a significant change in the reflection wavelength of fully solid CLCE. The electromechanical response (Maxwell stresses) is reversible. Both uniaxial and biaxial prestrain are shown to enhance and differentiate the stimuli‐response in the photonic device.
Supported residential services as a type of “total institution”: Implications for the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
Authors: Dearn Elroy , Ramcharan Paul , Weller Penelope , Brophy Lisa , Johnson Katherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA policy norm enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 reflected in Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme is for people with psychosocial and other disabilities to have choice and control over their lives and not to live in institutional settings. In Australia, private congregate care settings remain in most states and territories, yet are not recognised as institutional settings in policy or academic literature. This recognition is long overdue and is the focus of this article. The article reports on findings from an ethnographic study in a type of private congregate care setting in Victoria—supported residential services (SRS). Adopting criteria adopted by Davies (1989) from Goffman's notion of “total institution,” observations and interviews with 12 residents with psychosocial disability are analysed. These settings are found to meet many of the criteria for total institution. This finding has two critical implications for policy and practice. First, the extent to which institutionalisation in SRS impacts on the choices residents are able to make. Second, the extent to which independent support and advocacy are needed to ensure residents can exercise choice and control over their lives to find pathways out of SRS.
Trans‐synaptic mechanisms orchestrated by mammalian synaptic cell adhesion molecules
Authors: Kim Jinhu , Wulschner Luis E. Gomez , Oh Won Chan , Ko Jaewon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBidirectional trans‐synaptic signaling is essential for the formation, maturation, and plasticity of synaptic connections. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are prime drivers in shaping the identities of trans‐synaptic signaling pathways. A series of recent studies provide evidence that diverse presynaptic cell adhesion proteins dictate the regulation of specific synaptic properties in postsynaptic neurons. Focusing on mammalian synaptic CAMs, this article outlines several exemplary cases supporting this notion and highlights how these trans‐synaptic signaling pathways collectively contribute to the specificity and diversity of neural circuit architecture.
Python scripting for biochemistry and molecular biology in Jupyter Notebooks
Authors: Craig Paul A. , Nash Jessica A. , Crawford T. Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA programming workshop has been developed for biochemists and molecular biologists to introduce them to the power and flexibility of solving problems with Python. The workshop is designed to move users beyond a “plug‐and‐play” approach that is based on spreadsheets and web applications in their teaching and research to writing scripts to parse large collections of data and to perform dynamic calculations. The live‐coding workshop is designed to introduce specific coding skills, as well as provide insight into the broader array of open‐access resources and libraries that are available for scientific computation.
Boosting the detection performance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test through a sensitive optical biosensor with new superior antibody
Authors: Lin Chih‐Yen , Wang Wen‐Hung , Li Meng‐Chi , Lin Yu‐Ting , Yang Zih‐Syuan , Urbina Aspiro Nayim , Assavalapsakul Wanchai , Thitithanyanont Arunee , Chen Kai‐Ren , Kuo Chien‐Cheng , Lin Yu‐Xen , Hsiao Hui‐Hua , Lin Kun‐Der , Lin Shang‐Yi , Chen Yen‐Hsu , Yu Ming‐Lung , Su Li‐Chen , Wang Sheng‐Fan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus emerged in late 2019 leading to the COVID‐19 disease pandemic that triggered socioeconomic turmoil worldwide. A precise, prompt, and affordable diagnostic assay is essential for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as its variants. Antibody against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein was reported as a suitable strategy for therapy and diagnosis of COVID‐19. We, therefore, developed a quick and precise phase‐sensitive surface plasmon resonance (PS‐SPR) biosensor integrated with a novel generated anti‐S monoclonal antibody (S‐mAb). Our results indicated that the newly generated S‐mAb could detect the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain along with its variants. In addition, a SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus, which could be processed in BSL‐2 facility was generated for evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the assays including PS‐SPR, homemade target‐captured ELISA, spike rapid antigen test (SRAT), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Experimentally, PS‐SPR exerted high sensitivity to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus at 589 copies/ml, with 7‐fold and 70‐fold increase in sensitivity when compared with the two conventional immunoassays, including homemade target‐captured ELISA (4 × 103 copies/ml) and SRAT (4 × 104 copies/ml), using the identical antibody. Moreover, the PS‐SPR was applied in the measurement of mimic clinical samples containing the SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus mixed with nasal mucosa. The detection limit of PS‐SPR is calculated to be 1725 copies/ml, which has higher accuracy than homemade target‐captured ELISA (4 × 104 copies/ml) and SRAT (4 × 105 copies/ml) and is comparable with qRT‐PCR (1250 copies/ml). Finally, the ability of PS‐SPR to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 in real clinical specimens was further demonstrated, and the assay time was less than 10 min. Taken together, our results indicate that this novel S‐mAb integrated into PS‐SPR biosensor demonstrates high sensitivity and is time‐saving in SARS‐CoV‐2 virus detection. This study suggests that incorporation of a high specific recognizer in SPR biosensor is an alternative strategy that could be applied in developing other emerging or re‐emerging pathogenic detection platforms.
Effects of a statutory reform on waiting times for outpatient psychotherapy: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Singer Susanne , Engesser Deborah , Wirp Bernhild , Lang Klaus , Paserat Anke , Kobes Jörg , Porsch Udo , Mittag Martina , Taylor Katherine , Gianicolo Emilio , Maier Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsSocial inequality in access to mental health care is a current concern across the world. The authors determined whether differences in waiting times for outpatient psychotherapy changed after a statutory reform of the German psychotherapy law.MethodsThe dates of first contact, first visit and treatment start, along with socio‐demographic and clinical data, were extracted from patient records in community‐based psychotherapy practices. Predictors of waiting times for first visit and treatment start were investigated using multilevel Cox regression models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRadj).ResultsData from 1548 patient records from nine practices were extracted. Before the reform, the time span between first contact and first visit was longer for patients with compulsory education than for patients with a college degree (HRadj 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.0), whereas this was no longer the case after the law changed (HRadj 1.0, 95% CI 0.8–1.3). Patients whose treatment was covered by the state were at higher risk of a long waiting time from last visit to treatment start compared with patients with statutory health insurance after the law changed (HRadj 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.7), which had not been the case before the law changed (HRadj 1.3, 95% CI 0.8–2.2).ConclusionsSocial inequality in access to psychotherapy was reduced in part by the updated psychotherapy law in terms of educational groups; however, it increased in other aspects. This shows how political decisions can powerfully impact clinical practice, ultimately helping one group of patients while disadvantaging another.
Rationally Engineering the Cofactor Specificity of LfSDR1 for Biocatalytic Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of Telotristat Ethyl
Authors: Li Hengyu , Zhang Wenhe , Che Changli , Wang Huibin , Jia Yutian , Gao Xiao , Jia Xian , Qin Bin , You Song 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSwitching cofactor preference of oxidoreductases from NADPH to NADH by rational engineering, replacing the expensive cofactor NADP+ with the cheap cofactor NAD+, is a focus of attention in the industrial application of oxidoreductases. This study focuses on the reversal of cofactor preference for short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). Combined with bioinformatics analyses and in silico analyses, a small and smart mutant library (Mu1‐Mu3) of LfSDR1 was rationally designed and constructed. Thus, the excellent NADH‐dependent recombinant LfSDR1‐V186A/G92V/E141L/G38D/T15A variant (Mu2) was obtained. Meanwhile, novel enzymatic processes for synthesis of the key intermediates [(R)‐2 and (S)‐4] of telotristat ethyl and crizotinib were successfully created, which mainly relied on Mu2 coupled with an FDH‐catalyzed cofactor regeneration system. A co‐expressed E. coli whole‐cell biocatalyst containing the genes of Mu2 and PpFDH was developed to reduce ketones 1 and 3. Finally, ketone 1 was almost completely converted into the product (R)‐2 with a space‐time yield of 115.7 g⋅L−1⋅d−1 and a 98.8 % ee value.