bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AAPM Task Group Report 306: Quality control and assurance for tomotherapy: An update to Task Group Report 148
Authors: Chen Quan , Rong Yi , Burmeister Jay W. , Chao Edward H. , Corradini Nathan A. , Followill David S. , Li X. Allen , Liu An , Qi X. Sharon , Shi Hairong , Smilowitz Jennifer B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince the publication of AAPM Task Group (TG) 148 on quality assurance (QA) for helical tomotherapy, there have been many new developments on the tomotherapy platform involving treatment delivery, on‐board imaging options, motion management, and treatment planning systems (TPSs). In response to a need for guidance on quality control (QC) and QA for these technologies, the AAPM Therapy Physics Committee commissioned TG 306 to review these changes and make recommendations related to these technology updates. The specific objectives of this TG were (1) to update, as needed, recommendations on tolerance limits, frequencies and QC/QA testing methodology in TG 148, (2) address the commissioning and necessary QA checks, as a supplement to Medical Physics Practice Guidelines (MPPG) with respect to tomotherapy TPS and (3) to provide risk‐based recommendations on the new technology implemented clinically and treatment delivery workflow. Detailed recommendations on QA tests and their tolerance levels are provided for dynamic jaws, binary multileaf collimators, and Synchrony motion management. A subset of TPS commissioning and QA checks in MPPG 5.a. applicable to tomotherapy are recommended. In addition, failure mode and effects analysis has been conducted among TG members to obtain multi‐institutional analysis on tomotherapy‐related failure modes and their effect ranking.
Myelin biomarkers in the healthy adult brain: Correlation, reproducibility, and the effect of fiber orientation
Authors: Morris Sarah R. , Vavasour Irene M. , Smolina Anastasia , MacMillan Erin L. , Gilbert Guillaume , Lam Michelle , Kozlowski Piotr , Michal Carl A. , Manning Alan , MacKay Alex L. , Laule Cornelia 
Published: December 2022

PurposeWe investigated the correlation, reproducibility, and effect of white matter fiber orientation for three myelin‐sensitive MRI techniques: magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), inhomogeneous magnetization transfer ratio (ihMTR), and gradient and spin echo–derived myelin water fraction (MWF).MethodsWe measured the three metrics in 17 white and three deep grey matter regions in 17 healthy adults at 3 T.ResultsWe found a strong correlation between ihMTR and MTR (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and ihMTR and MWF (r = 0.79, p < 0.001), and a weaker correlation between MTR and MWF (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). The dynamic range in white matter was greatest for MWF (2.0%–27.5%), followed by MTR (14.4%–23.2%) and then ihMTR (1.2%–5.4%). The average scan–rescan coefficient of variation for white matter regions was 0.6% MTR, 0.3% ihMTR, and 0.7% MWF in metric units; however, when adjusted by the dynamic range, these became 6.3%, 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively. All three metrics varied with fiber direction: MWF and ihMTR were lower in white matter fibers perpendicular to B0 by 6% and 1%, respectively, compared with those parallel, whereas MTR was lower by 0.5% at about 40°, with the highest values at 90°. However, separating the apparent orientation dependence by white matter region revealed large dissimilarities in the trends, suggesting that real differences in myelination between regions are confounding the apparent orientation dependence measured using this method.ConclusionThe strong correlation between ihMTR and MWF suggests that these techniques are measuring the same myelination; however, the larger dynamic range of MWF may provide more power to detect small differences in myelin.
An improved method of active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall under movement modes considering arching effects
Authors: Fan Ling , Zheng Zhuyan , Peng Shuquan , Zhou Jian , Shen Tianli , Wan Hua , Ma Hongling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBoth wall movement mode and soil arching are important to the active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall, but the method of active earth pressure under wall movement modes considering arching effects is yet to be studied. A series of minor principal stress trajectories described by the power function with the exponent b is assumed to analyze the soil arching effect using the equivalent friction coefficient between adjacent soil layers. The horizontal Winkler elastic foundation beam model induced by wall movement modes is presented. Then based on the trajectories and wall movement modes the horizontal flat‐element method of active earth pressure on rigid retaining wall is improved and verified. The active earth pressures on the retaining wall under translation (T), rotation about top (RT) mode and rotation about bottom (RB) mode calculated by the improved method are in a better agreement with the experimental results than other analytical studies. The application point of the resultant active earth pressure on retaining wall increases from 0.25 H to 0.49 H with varies of wall movement modes considering soil arching effect. The larger equivalent friction coefficient is, the more notable soil arching effect is. The most notable soil arching effect is described by the approximate linear minor principal stress trajectory whose power function with exponent of b approaches zero from positive direction. The active earth pressure on retaining wall under RT mode considering the most notable soil arching effect is simplified and suggested for the engineering practice.
Inexact inner–outer Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization method: A relaxation strategy
Authors: Darrigrand Vincent , Dumitrasc Andrei , Kruse Carola , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study an inexact inner–outer generalized Golub–Kahan algorithm for the solution of saddle‐point problems with a two‐times‐two block structure. In each outer iteration, an inner system has to be solved which in theory has to be done exactly. Whenever the system is getting large, an inner exact solver is, however, no longer efficient or even feasible and iterative methods must be used. We focus this article on a numerical study showing the influence of the accuracy of an inner iterative solution on the accuracy of the solution of the block system. Emphasis is further given on reducing the computational cost, which is defined as the total number of inner iterations. We develop relaxation techniques intended to dynamically change the inner tolerance for each outer iteration to further minimize the total number of inner iterations. We illustrate our findings on a Stokes problem and validate them on a mixed formulation of the Poisson problem.
The healthful plant‐based diet index as a tool for obesity prevention—The healthy lifestyle community program cohort 3 study
Authors: Koeder Christian , Alzughayyar Dima , Anand Corinna , Kranz Ragna‐Marie , Husain Sarah , Schoch Nora , Hahn Andreas , Englert Heike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorld‐wide the prevalence of obesity is high, and promoting a shift toward more healthful and more plant‐based dietary patterns appears to be one promising strategy to address this issue. A dietary score to assess adherence to a healthy plant‐based diet is the healthful plant‐based diet index. While there is evidence from cohort studies that an increased healthful plant‐based diet index is associated with improved risk markers, evidence from intervention studies is still lacking.MethodsA lifestyle intervention was conducted with mostly middle‐aged and elderly participants from the general population (n = 115). The intervention consisted of a 16‐month lifestyle program focusing on a healthy plant‐based diet, physical activity, stress management, and community support.ResultsAfter 10 weeks, significant improvements were seen in dietary quality, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, measured and calculated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, oxidized LDL particles, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, and pulse pressure. After 16 months, significant decreases were seen in body weight (−1.8 kg), body mass index (−0.6 kg/m2), and measured LDL cholesterol (−12 mg/dl). Increases in the healthful plant‐based diet index were associated with risk marker improvements.ConclusionsThe recommendation of moving toward a plant‐based diet appears acceptable and actionable and may improve body weight. The healthful plant‐based diet index can be a useful parameter for intervention studies.
Repercussions of a Raid: Health and Education Outcomes of Children Entangled in Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn , Hernández Mónica , Shero Mason 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterior immigration enforcement in the U.S. has rapidly increased over the past two decades, including increased Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) activity and the revival of workplace raids under the Trump administration. We contribute to the body of research that aims to better understand the consequences of immigration enforcement for children in targeted communities, including on their education, health, and socioemotional well‐being. We employ a mixed methods research design to investigate the effects of the sweeping April 2018 Morristown, Tennessee immigration raid on children's health and education outcomes. We utilize linked, longitudinal health and education data on children and a quasi‐experimental design to analyze the effects of the raid on those residing in close proximity to the raid. Interview data from community members and organizations in the affected area aid in better understanding how the raid unfolded and the mechanisms through which a community trauma such as this might affect children both directly and indirectly. Our results indicate negative effects across multiple education and behavioral health outcomes for children of immigrants living in the area targeted by the raid, including a substantial spike in absences from school in the month of the raid and significant increases in exclusionary disciplinary actions and in diagnoses of substance use disorder, depression, self‐harm, suicide attempts or ideation, and sexual abuse in the year following the raid.
Financial hardships and psychosocial outcomes among parents of children who die of cancer
Authors: Davis Elizabeth S. , Wimberly Courtney E. , Towry Lisa , Johnston Emily E. , Walsh Kyle M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers experience financial hardship during a child's cancer treatment and after their child's death. These bereaved caregivers also experience negative psychosocial outcomes following the death of a child, but the relationship between financial hardship and negative psychosocial outcomes is poorly understood in this population.MethodsWe surveyed self‐selected bereaved caregivers as part of a publicly posted survey through Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation in order to explore family experiences after losing a child to cancer. The survey contained questions regarding parent psychosocial and financial outcomes following their child's death.ResultsOne‐hundred seventy‐six caregivers completed the survey a median of 7 years after their child's death. The majority were female (91%), non‐Hispanic White (97%), and married or living with a domestic partner (76%). Overall, 31% of caregivers reported that their child's death significantly impacted the financial well‐being of their family, 23% experienced a decrease in income following their child's death, and 14% were still paying medical expenses. Financial hardship that the caregiver attributed to the child's death was associated with feeling lonely and isolated (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7) and living day to day (ARR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.5), even after adjustment for household income and time since child's death.ConclusionsCaregivers experience multiple financial hardships following the death of a child to cancer, which endure for years after the child's death. These hardships are associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, demonstrating the need for both financial and psychosocial interventions for caregivers following the death of a child to cancer.
Chemometric analysis applied to 1H NMR and FTIR data for a quality parameter distinction of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus, lam.) oil products
Authors: Triyasmono Liling , Schollmayer Curd , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionRed fruit oil (RFO) is a natural product extracted from Pandanus conoideus Lam. fruit, a native plant from Papua, Indonesia. Recent studies indicate that RFO is popularly consumed as herbal medicine. Therefore, the quality of RFO must be assured.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a chemometric analysis applied to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data for important quality parameter distinction of red fruit oil (RFO), especially regarding the degree of unsaturation and the amount of free fatty acids (FFA).Materials and methodsForty samples consisting of one crude RFO, thirty‐three commercial RFOs, and three oils as blends, including olive oil, virgin coconut oil, and black seed oil, were analysed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. After appropriate preprocessing of the spectra, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used for model development.ResultsThe essential signals for modelling the degree of unsaturation are the signal at δ = 5.37–5.27 ppm (1H NMR) and the band at 3000–3020 cm−1 (FTIR). The FFA profile represents the signal at δ = 2.37–2.20 ppm (1H NMR) and the band at 1680–1780 cm−1 (FTIR). PCA allows the visualisation grouping on both methods with > 98% total principal component (PC) for the degree of unsaturation and > 88% total PC for FFA values. In addition, the PLSR model provides an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2) and errors in calibration, prediction, and cross‐validation.ConclusionChemometric analysis applied to 1H NMR and FTIR spectra of RFO successfully grouped and predicted product quality based on the degree of unsaturation and FFA value categories.
Spirocyclization enhances the Diels–Alder reactivities of geminally substituted cyclopentadienes and 4H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Levandowski Brian J. , Abularrage Nile S. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Diels–Alder reactivity of 5‐membered dienes is tunable through spirocyclization at the saturated center. As the size of the spirocycle decreases, the Diels–Alder reactivity increases with the cyclobutane spirocycle, spiro[3.4]octa‐5,7‐diene, being the most reactive. Density functional theory calculations suggest that spiro[3.4]octa‐5,7‐diene dimerizes 220,000‐fold faster than 5,5‐dimethylcyclopentadiene and undergoes a Diels–Alder reaction with ethylene 1200‐fold faster than 5,5‐dimethylcyclopentadiene. These findings show that spirocyclization is an effective way to enhance the Diels–Alder reactivity of geminally substituted 5‐membered dienes.
Hybrid neural network control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with bounded disturbance
Authors: Bali Arun , Singh Uday Pratap , Kumar Rahul , Jain Sanjeev 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we focus on the design of a hybrid neural tracking controller for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with bounded disturbance. A new tracking control model is constructed using adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) based neural network called hybrid neural network (HNN). Hybrid neural tracking controller is developed by combining the backstepping approach and neural network approximation ability along with complexity analysis. A common Lyapunov function (CLF) is used for the stability of the proposed model, to develop a CLF for the switched system, a virtual control function is developed via adaptive law and HNN. By appropriately choosing the design parameters, it has been proven that all closed‐loop signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error converges to a small bounded region around the origin. Finally, two numerical examples and a real‐life example about one‐link manipulator systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid controller.
Amphiphilically Modified Porous Polymeric Nanosandwich‐Based Membranes for Rapid and Efficient Water Treatment
Authors: Huang Wen , Liu Qiantong , Zhang Xingcai , Chen Zirun , Zheng Bingna , Wu Dingcai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLow removal efficiency, long treatment time, and high energy consumption hinder advanced and eco‐friendly use of traditional adsorbents and separation membranes. Here, a class of amphiphilically modified 2D porous polymeric nanosandwich is designed and is subsequently assembled into adsorptive membranes. The 2D nanosandwich is gifted with high porosity and excellent pore accessibility, demonstrating rapid adsorption kinetics. The as‐assembled membrane integrates unimpeded interlayer channels and well‐developed, amphiphilic, and highly accessible intralayer nanopores, leading to ultrafast water permeation (1.2 × 104 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), high removal efficiency, and easy regeneration. The family of the membrane can be expanded by changing amphiphilic functional groups, further providing treatment of a wide‐spectrum of pollutants, including aromatic compounds, pesticide, and pharmaceuticals. It is believed that the novel amphiphilically modified adsorptive membrane offers a distinct water treatment strategy with ultrahigh water permeation and efficient pollutants removal performances, and provides a multiple‐in‐one solution to the detection and elimination of pollutants.
Flexural performance of circular concrete‐filled double steel tubular members: Testing, modeling, and strength predictions
Authors: Ci Junchang , Ahmed Mizan , Zhou Daxing , Hou Liqun , Chen Shicai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on circular concrete‐filled double steel tubular (CFDST) members under flexural load. Seven specimens including five CFDST specimens were tested and the test parameters included the effects of concrete compressive strength, the thickness of the steel tubes, and the diameter ratio on their flexural performance. The final failure modes, moment (M)‐curvature (ϕ) curves, deflection curves of specimens, and distributions of section longitudinal strains were analyzed and reported in this study. A nonlinear finite element model (FEM) was then developed for the CFDST members. After successful validation in ultimate strengths and failure modes, parametric studies were performed by using the verified FEM. A simple formula for calculating the flexural capacity of CFDST members was proposed and compared against several design codes to investigate the design accuracy. Based on this study, it was found that the CFDST members exhibit ductile behavior under flexural load. Increasing the steel area, particularly for the outer tube improved the flexural capacities of the members. Furthermore, the existing design codes were found to be remarkably underestimating the moment capacities of CFDST members whereas the design formula proposed can predict the ultimate flexural capacity with reasonable accuracy.
Sustainability in construction: The urgent need for a new ethics
Authors: Regúlez Borja , Faria Duarte M.V. , Todisco Leonardo , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Corres Hugo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the key concepts of sustainability in the construction industry, together with a call for an urgent action to change the culture of all implied agents. The work presents an objective framework to evaluate sustainability through the analysis of the stages of the Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (ILCA). Such approach is applied to the global warming emissions indicator, and different aspects are investigated to support designers toward more sustainable designs. First, the principles for ILCA are introduced and sound values for the emissions of different structural materials are critically discussed and filtered taking into account the recently increased sensitivity to environmental aspects. On that basis, objective comparisons are presented for practical examples related to buildings and bridges. Specific design alternatives, based on the use of different materials and structural typologies, are also illustrated and compared to the original solution. The conclusions help the designer to identify which are the critical decisions leading to projects respectful of sustainability considerations. Specifically, material selection, structural efficiency, and a sound conceptual design are identified as the key aspects of sustainability.
Typification of two aquatic plant names described by Linnaeus from highly heterogeneous original elements: Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae) and Sparganium erectum (Typhaceae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo , Grebenjuk Alexey V. , Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro , Talavera Salvador 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe original material of the Linnaean names Sagittaria sagittifolia and Sparganium erectum both represent more than one taxon. This had previously led to a reluctance to resolve the nomenclature of these two species, led some to consider the application of the names doubtful, and even led some to propose that Sp. erectum should be treated as a nomen ambiguum. Incorporating study of the Linnaean correspondence and several unpublished manuscripts, we discuss these names and typify them here. Sagittaria sagittifolia is lectotypified with a specimen from LINN. Sparganium erectum is lectotypified with an illustration of “Platanaria sive Butomon” published by Dodoëns in 1616. An epitype is also designated for Sp. erectum because the lectotype is demonstrably ambiguous and the name cannot be applied to a currently recognized taxon with certainty. The previously designated lectotype of Sp. natans is also discussed, as is the importance of previously unrecognized original material in the Johann Georg Gmelin Herbarium at LE.
The deflectors influence on flow complexity, bed morphology, sediment transport and water quality of urban lotic waters ‐ A laboratory study
Authors: Sooriyaarachchi Dona T. A. , Gomes Pattiyage I. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this laboratory study different combinations of bed (sand, pebble gravel [gravel], and a mix of sand and gravel) and flow (typical and overtopping) were experimented with to investigate the impact of porous deflectors in flow diversity, water quality, and fish performance in prismatic open channels. Deflectors changed the gradually varied flow to a rapidly varied flow, as a sudden change in the water depth was observed at the deflectors, and this change was large for smooth beds. With the presence of gravel, the scouring near the downstream deflector was almost twice that of the sand bed, and with the scouring at its own upstream deflector, irrespective of whether the flow was typical or overtopping. This behavior was a result of sand mobilization due to shear stress and sand mobilization aided gravel transport. The mixed bed showed less gravel movement compared to the gravel‐only bed. The percentage of sediment washed out was minor for all bed scenarios, indicating that sediment transport was local. Relative to the sand bed without deflectors (representing a typical urban canal), deflectors resulted in reduced and improved water quality (in terms of sediment load) for sand, and mixed bed, respectively. The fishes found refuge and were comfortable in the pool areas created by deflectors unlike in channels without deflectors where they showed exhaustion.