bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TÁLAMO É UM LOCAL COMUM DE LEITURA, ARITMÉTICA E QI: ANÁLISE DE PROPRIEDADES FUNCIONAIS INTRÍNSECAS
Authors: Clea Marinho Lima Maria , De Abreu Agrela Rodrigues Fabiano 
Published: May 2022

As questões de QI são sempre controversas de abordar pela sua natureza crítica e algo subjetiva, contudo, não deixam de ser um ponto relevante. Neste estudo propomos analisar a relação entre o tálamo (como ponto de centralidade cerebral) e as funções ligadas à inteligência e ao QI. Como indicamos no título do artigo será uma análise de propriedades funcionais intrínsecas.
L’attachement au temps de la COVID-19
Authors: Pierrehumbert Blaise 
Published: May 2022

La littérature scientifique a montré le rôle clé joué par les comportements d’attachement dans l’enfance et des représentations d’attachement à l’âge adulte pour reconnaître, traiter et réguler les émotions dans des situations stressantes. La pandémie COVID-19 due au virus SARS-CoV-2 a provoqué une importante détresse psychologique et a entraîné une crise de santé mentale dans le monde entier. Parmi les facteurs qui ont contribué à ces problèmes figurent les restrictions sanitaires, l’isolement social, les incertitudes liées à la pandémie, la perturbation de la façon dont les gens interagissent, travaillent, se divertissent ou encore la modification des routines familiales entre parents et enfants. Le présent article constitue une revue de la littérature concernant les publications entre le printemps 2020 et le printemps 2022. Plus de 80 articles, la plupart relatifs à des enquêtes scientifiques, ont été pris en compte. Ils confirment la pertinence de prendre en considération les comportements et les représentations d’attachement lorsqu’il s’agit des implications de cette pandémie ; ces données sont importantes en regard des questions de santé publique, notamment en vue de mieux gérer les menaces collectives du futur.
Double alchimie au lac Tchad : ou comment transformer la ressource en pénurie et la pénurie en ressources
Authors: Magrin Géraud 
Published: May 2022

Le lac Tchad fait office depuis quelques années d’emblème de la crise du Sahel, à partir de la diffusion d’un diagnostic de l’assèchement du lac menant à sa (proche) disparition, aux effets catastrophiques pour les populations riveraines. Ce message est fondé sur un article scientifique américain relayé par la communication de la Nasa, et sur le discours de nombreuses institutions (FAO, CBLT, États riverains, etc.), repris par les médias. La recherche de lieux concrets capables d’illustrer les effets du réchauffement climatique a cru y trouver un modèle. Le cas du lac Tchad est ainsi régulièrement évoqué dans les conférences internationales sur l’environnement et le climat. Or les réalités du lac sont bien différentes : l’article repose sur un diagnostic erroné et réfuté, les images de la Nasa sont contestables par leur parti pris ; les hydrologues partagent le diagnostic d’une stabilité du lac à un niveau de petit lac déjà rencontré au cours du xxe siècle et des périodes antérieures ; rien ne permet d’annoncer sa disparition. Ce petit lac a servi d’espace d’accueil depuis les sécheresses des années 1970-1980 : il est relativement prospère au sein du Sahel. Ses ressources permettent des activités économiques productives (agriculture de décrue, pêche, élevage), adaptées aux fluctuations habituelles de l’environnement.La thèse de l’épuisement dramatique de la ressource est instrumentalisée dans une double perspective : légitimer un projet de transfert des eaux depuis le bassin du Congo, qui s’inscrit dans un cadre plus large de velléités de retour de grands projets (hydro) agricoles en contexte post-ajustement structurel ; drainer les financements internationaux, car si l’aide au développement devient chiche, la cause environnementale et la lutte contre les effets du réchauffement climatique sont plus porteuses. Il faut donc transformer la pénurie en eau supposée en ressources financières. Ce texte décrit et interprète ce décalage entre connaissance scientifique du fonctionnement du Lac et diagnostic institutionnel et médiatique dominant, à partir d’une analyse des stratégies des différents acteurs (États, organisme de bassin, FAO et bailleurs, médias, think tank).
De l’État facilitateur à l’État médiateur ?
Authors: Bos Vincent 
Published: May 2022

L’évolution du secteur minier depuis les années 1990 interroge la relation de l’État péruvien à son territoire et à ses populations. Le secteur minier constitue en effet un objet d’étude qui permet d’appréhender la genèse d’un « État facilitateur », garant des intérêts des acteurs économiques privés, lors de la phase de libéralisation économique ainsi que les timides évolutions de la position étatique sur ce dossier. La modification du cadre réglementaire en termes de fiscalité, de production et de règles environnementales depuis les années 2000 oscille entre un durcissement de la position de l’État face aux acteurs du secteur minier, et une timide (re)négociation des règles du jeu. La position du pouvoir exécutif au cours du conflit minier de Conga et la progressive autonomisation de l’objet environnement semblent à première vue constituer une timide évolution de l’État vers un rôle de médiateur. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près, ces évolutions ne constituent pas un changement radical du rôle de l’État vis-à-vis du secteur minier mais doivent être analysées comme une (re)négociation concertée des règles du jeu entre acteurs qui marquent l’appui de l’État péruvien au modèle de développement primo-exportateur et plus précisément au secteur minier.
A pilot open-label study of oral acetazolamide for sodium valproate-associated weight gain in bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Panicker Mathews Joseph , Kakunje Anil , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Deshpande Smita , Bhatia Triptish , Sathyanath Shashwath 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Bipolar affective disorder (BD) is a chronic recurrent disorder having a definite link with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Drugs approved for the treatment of BD include sodium valproate but have weight gain as a metabolic side effect. An increase in weight is one of the common reasons for discontinuation of mood stabilizers. There is a need for a weight loss agent which will not increase mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. This study looks at the effect of acetazolamide on weight when combined with sodium valproate in patients diagnosed with BD in remission.

Materials and Methods:
This pilot quasi-experimental open-label 8-week follow-up study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital following clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Thirteen outpatients with BD who reported weight gain on sodium valproate monotherapy received oral acetazolamide 500 mg/day. A specialized pro forma was used to record demographic and physical data with side effects.

Results:
The mean baseline weight was 70.15 ± 8.75 kg and the mean baseline body mass index was 25.09 ± 2.61. The mean sodium valproate dose of the study population was 692 mg/day. Ten of 11 individuals who completed the study showed some reduction in weight and nine showed a slight decrease in abdominal girths.

Conclusion:
There was a nonsignificant decrease in weight and abdominal circumferences at the end of 8 weeks, however, since it is a small pilot study, we need more evidence.
Stress effect of COVID-19 pandemic among Egyptian children and adolescents with malignancy
Authors: Elraheem Ali Heba G.A. , Aziz Asmaa W.A. , Abdelmageed Reham I. , Sayed Safa M. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Thoughts and feelings of stress and worry are common for any person facing the challenges of a serious illness.

Aim
The aim was to assess the effect of COVID-19 on the psychological well-being of patients with malignancy compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls and to compare the psychological effect of COVID-19 with the psychological effect of malignancy among the patient group.

Patients and methods
This case–control study included 46 participants diagnosed with malignancy who were compared with 45 healthy age-matched and sex-matched individuals serving as a control group. Their ages were more than 8 years. All patients and controls were subjected to history taking with an emphasis on age, sex, educational level, history of chronic medical illness in the family, disease status, physical symptoms during the last 14 days, and data about COVID-19 infection. The psychological effect was measured using the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale Crises-13.

Results
Mean age of the patient group was 11.76±3.31 years. There were 30 male and 16 female in the case group, who were compared with 45 age-matched and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents. There was a significantly higher prevalence of psychological stressful effect among the healthy children group than the oncological pediatric patients. The psychological effect related to malignancy diagnosis was significantly higher than the psychological effect related to COVID-19.

Conclusion
COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful event; however, the psychological effect related to cancer diagnosis among the oncological patients showed a higher stressful effect.
Significance of leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase and plasma chitotriosidase in patients with β-thalassemia major
Authors: Dursun Fadime E. 
Published: May 2022

Objective
β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is an autosomal-recessive condition with various clinical presentations, including anemia, splenomegaly, and skeletal and cardiac involvement. The aim of this study was to analyze leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GBA) levels and plasma chitotriosidase (PCT) activity in patients with β-TM and to determine the significance of these two enzymes in this disease.

Patients and methods
This study included 40 patients, 18–55 years of age, who were under follow-up for β-TM in our clinic. Physical examination, ECG, echocardiography, laboratory findings, and the results of imaging tests obtained during routine control visits were recorded. Leukocyte β-GBA and PCT activity levels were analyzed in the blood using fluorometric methods.

Results
The average age of the 40 patients, which included 24 (60%) women and 16 (40%) men, was 28.5±7.8 years. Leukocyte β-GBA levels were below 2.5 nmol/mg/h in 15 patients, and PCT activity was above 200 μmol/l/h in 10 patients. A positive correlation was detected for leukocyte β-GBA enzyme levels with cardiac T2* (P=0.024); however, a negative correlation was detected with intraventricular septum thickness (P=0.029) and left heart posterior wall thickness (P=0.030).

Conclusion
Lower leukocyte β-GBA levels and higher PCT activity may be present in patients with β-TM. There may be an increase in cardiac iron load, intraventricular septum thickness, and left ventricle posterior wall thickness, especially in patients with lower leukocyte β-GBA levels and higher PCT activity. Therefore, leukocyte β-GBA levels and PCT activity may be associated with cardiac complications in patients with β-TM.
High-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in comparison with apnoeic oxygenation during foreign body removal by rigid bronchoscopy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Twab Samar M. Abdel , Abdo Fagr F. , Derh Maha S. El 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
This trial aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of oxygenation using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) compared with the standard apnoeic oxygenation technique during foreign body (FB) removal by a rigid bronchoscope.

Methods:
A prospective, blinded, randomised, controlled trial was conducted on subjects planned for FB removal by a rigid bronchoscope. Inclusion criteria were male and female patients aged between 10 and 40 years. The primary outcome was the lowest oxygen saturation level monitored by pulse oximeter during the procedure, and the secondary outcome was the incidence of postoperative atelectasis.

Results:
Nearly 64 patients were randomised into either HFNC oxygenation (N = 32) or apnoeic oxygenation (N = 32) group. There were no significant differences between the studied groups regarding age, gender, weight, or cardiovascular variables. Intraoperative oxygen saturation was 4% higher in the HFNC group at different times. The end-tidal carbon dioxide measured on induction and after termination by 15 min showed no significant differences between the two groups; however, it was significantly higher in the apnoeic oxygenation group immediately after the procedure, after 5 min, and after 10 min of termination. No adverse effects from the increased end-tidal carbon dioxide were reported.

Conclusion:
HFNC was superior to apnoeic oxygenation technique in maintaining oxygenation status in patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for FB removal.
Influence of Manufacturing Technique on Marginal Fit of Cobalt Chromium Restorations
Authors: Sarda Abhishek S. , Bedia Sumit V. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
For porcelain fused to metal restorations, computer-aided designing (CAD) / computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems claim to provide improved marginal fit than conventional casting systems.

Aim:
The present in-vitro study was conducted to compare the marginal fit of cobalt-chromium alloy copings fabricated with milled wax/lost wax, CAD/CAM milling/sintering and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) techniques.

Materials and Method:
A metal die simulating a prepared tooth was fabricated and scanned using an optical scanner. A standardized coping design was used to manufacture 30 alloy copings divided into three groups of ten copings each i.e., milled wax/lost wax, milling/sintering and DMLS. A modified replica technique was used to measure the silicone film thickness at four pre-designated points on the margin under a digital stereo-microscope.

Statistical Analysis:
The mean values for marginal gap were compared using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer test for all pair-wise comparisons.

Results:
The mean marginal gap values obtained by using milled wax/lost wax technique, milling/sintering technique and DMLS technique were 88.44 μm, 61.135 μm and 55.39 μm, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference for marginal fit between the lost wax group and the other two test groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The cobalt-chromium alloy copings fabricated using DMLS techniques displayed significantly better marginal fit than the milled wax/lost wax technique which may contribute to their improved clinical performance. DMLS technique produces restorations with an improved marginal fit and may be preferred by clinicians over milling and conventional casting techniques.
Efficacy of Marine Algal Extracts against Oral Pathogens - A Systematic Review
Authors: Murugaboopathy Vikneshan , Saravankumar R , Mangaiyarkarasi R , Kengadaran Shivashankar , Samuel SR , Rajeshkumar S 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Marine algae possess a plethora of secondary active metabolites which has many biomedical applications. Anti-bacterial activity against oral cariogenic bacteria is reported in literature, however there is no comprehensive review available. Hence, this review is attempted to collate all the evidence available regarding the marine algal extracts and its constituents against oral cariogenic bacteria.

Methods:
Electronic search was conducted in the Google scholar, the Pubmed database and various clinical trial registries. Included studies were clinical, in-vitro studies assessing DMFT, DMFS, minimum inhibitory concentration or colony forming unit counts.

Result:
A total of 19 trials were obtained out of which only 7 were eligible for this review. Quality assessment was done by Higgins and Greens (2011) method. Results showed all the studies where they used crude algal extracts or its active constituents were showing anti-bacterial activity.

Conclusion:
Thus, this review showed that marine algal extracts and other constituents are having anti-microbial properties, making them potential anti-microbial agents for oral hygiene maintenance without adverse effects of currently available chemical based oral care products.
A Comparative Evaluation of Colour Stability of Different Resin Cements and its Influence on the Final Shade of All-Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Khalap Suraj D. , Wadkar Pooja P. , Dugal Ramandeep , Madanshetty Pallavi , Gupta Abhishek 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Colour changes of the luting material can become clinically visible affecting the aesthetic appearance of thin ceramic veneers. Therefore, unfortunately, the long-term success of veneers is tied to the colour stability of the luting agent used to cement them.

Aim:
To compare the colour stability of different resin cements and its influence on the final shade of overlying ceramic using two different thicknesses of ceramic.

Material and Methodology:
Sixty disc-shaped specimens of high translucency (HT) A2 shade of two thicknesses (0.5 mm & 1 mm) were prepared from lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. The discs of each thickness were further divided into three groups randomly depending upon the resin cements used. Group A – light cure resin cement – Variolink N LC by Ivoclar Vivadent in clear shade, Group B – base paste of dual-cure resin cement – Variolink N by Ivoclar Vivadent in transparent shade and Group C dual-cure resin cement – Clearfil esthetic cement EX by Kuraray in clear shade were used to compare their colour stability. A spectrophotometer was used for the colour measurements of the specimens before and after accelerated ageing. The colour stability was determined by colour differences (ΔE) using the coordinates L*, a* and b* in the pre and post accelerated ageing. Results: On comparing the three resin cements, Group A showed the lowest ΔE, whereas the highest ΔE was observed in Group B. This finding was constant for discs of both thicknesses.

Conclusion:
Even though statistically significant results were observed between the groups, they were not visibly differentiable.
The Time Taken for Retrieval of Separated Instrument and the Change in Root Canal Volume after Two Different Techniques Using Cbct
Authors: Kumar Balu Santhosh , Krishnamoorthy Sridevi , Shanmugam Sandhya , PradeepKumar Angambakkam Rajasekharan 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Retrieval of separated instrument from a root canal may lead to increased dentin loss and prolonged treatment time.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the retrieval time and increase in root canal volume after instrument retrieval with two retrieval techniques under dental operating microscope.

Materials and Methods:
Forty extracted human mandibular molars with 30°–40° mesiobuccal root canal curvature were selected based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and divided into two groups (n = 20 each). Group 1: Terauchi group (Terauchi ultrasonic tips) and Group 2: Satelec group (Satelec ET25 ultrasonic tip) based on the retrieval technique. Groups 1 and 2 were further divided into two subgroups (n = 10 each) based on the size of the separated instrument; Groups 1a and 2a with ProTaper Gold (PTG) F1 and Groups 1b and 2b with PTG F2. The time taken for retrieval was calculated and increase in root canal volume was evaluated using CBCT. Results were statistically analysed with paired t-test and post hoc analysis by Tukey's HSD test.

Results:
All separated instruments were successfully retrieved. The mean time for instrument retrieval was lower in Terauchi group than in the Satelec group (P > 0.05) but not significantly. The mean increase in total root canal volume post-retrieval as well as the mean volume corresponding to the coronal part of the separated instrument was significantly lower in Terauchi group than in Satelec group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Terauchi ultrasonic instruments resulted in reduced instrument retrieval time with lower loss of root dentin.
Diseño, validación y aplicación de un cuestionario sobre prácticas docentes relacionadas con un modelo pedagógico constructivista y crítico
Authors: Herrera-Pavo Miguel Ángel , Espinosa-Rodríguez José Daniel , Orellana-Navarrete Ana Verónica , Espinoza-Weaver Yadhira , Valencia Víctor H. 
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo identifica las fortalezas y debilidades del magisterio fiscal ecuatoriano con respecto a la implementación de un modelo pedagógico. Se aplica un cuestionario que explora las prácticas docentes relacionadas con la concepción, planificación, desarrollo y evaluación de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en las instituciones educativas públicas, desde la perspectiva de un modelo socioconstructivista y crítico. Tras la validación del contenido por un panel de expertos y el pilotaje del instrumento, el cuestionario se aplicó a una muestra representativa de docentes de educación primaria y secundaria pública, quienes clasificaron las prácticas pedagógicas de acuerdo con sus preferencias. Estos datos ranqueados se trataron mediante análisis multidimensional, de conglomerados y un modelo de rango de clasificación de inserción. Los resultados muestran la disposición hacia el diseño y desarrollo de actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje basadas en la indagación, con propuestas flexibles y abiertas y con materiales diversificados, apego a la formación continua, y una pobre valoración de la asesoría colaborativa y la práctica reflexiva. Una gran parte de docentes están anclados en una pedagogía tradicional, transmisiva, especialmente cuando carecen de experiencia profesional. Entre las debilidades, el apego a la formación continua y rechazo al modelo de mentorías, basado en propuestas de asesoría colaborativa, y a la práctica reflexiva, como medio de crecimiento profesional en el seno de la comunidad de práctica, suponen un obstáculo para la implementación del modelo que el Ministerio de Educación ha de superar mediante el diseño de políticas específicas.
PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI DAKWAH PADA MASYARAKAT MARGINAL
Authors: Masruq Masruq , Waris Milawaty 
Published: May 2022

Karakteristik masyarakat yang berbeda membuat strategi dakwah yang digunakan oleh seorang da’i menjadi berbeda pula. hal ini dilaksanakan agar nilai-nilai dalam ajaran Islam dapat tersampaikan dengan efektif dan efisien kepada mad’u.Terkhusus dakwah di kalangan masyarakat marginal tentunya dimulai dengan strategi, metode, materi, media dan karakteristik seorang da’i pun akan berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana strategi dakwah pada masyarakat marginal. Dimana pada umumnya masyarakat marginal memiliki karakteristik yang sifatnya khusus yang memerlukan sebuah sentuhan dakwah yang bisa membawa perubahan ke arah yang lebih maju. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pengembangan strategi dakwah dalam masyarakat marginal dapat dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan langkah strategi melalui langkah praksis dan juga melalui pembinaan berupa bimbingan, arahan dan pendampingan, dan memberikan pemahaman serta penjelasan tentang agama Islam berlandaskan al-Qur'an dan al-Hadits secara benar, menjalin kerjasama dalam bidang organisasi-organisasi keagamaan (organisasi Islam) dan ulama/kyai dalam rangka pengembangan dakwah Islam melalui strategi dakwah dengan metode hikmah, metode bil-lisan, metode wal mujadalah billati hiya ahsan dan metode bil-hal dan juga melalui pendekatan kajian tentang keislaman dan melalui pendekatan sosial yang merupakan aktualisasi dari dakwah.
Discrete Fix up Limit Model of a Device Unit
Authors: Waziri Tijjani Ali , Ibrahim Alhassan 
Published: May 2022

Sometimes, a failed device cannot be fix up completely within the precise limit time due to some reasons. This paper addresses the problem of completing a fix up action of a failed device unit within a projected discrete precise limit time. A discrete fix up limit model is constructed for the device is constructed based on a fix up limit policy. A numerical example is provided for simple illustration of the fix up limit model constructed, so as to investigate the characteristics of the constructed model.

Received: 7 February 2022 | Revised: 28 April 2022 | Accepted: 17 May 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.