bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a contextual interference effect for sub-elite alpine ski racers learning complex skills?
Authors: Magelssen Christian , Haugen Per , Reid Robert , Gilgien Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Scientific understanding of the contextual interference effect stems mainly from studies on unskilled participants learning artificial laboratory tasks. Although one goal of such studies is to extrapolate the findings to include real-world learning situations such as sports, this generalization is not straightforward. This study tested the contextual interference effect with 66 sub-elite, competitive alpine ski racers who learned a new movement pattern−the pumping technique to increase velocity in slalom−by practicing this skill in three different slalom courses over a 3-day training period. The interleaved group practiced all three courses each day in a semi-random order. In contrast, the blocked group practiced only one course each day, which was randomized and counterbalanced across the participants in this group. A retention test was delivered 72 h after the last practice day. In contrast to our hypothesis, the interleaved group did not display significantly better retention than the blocked group. The interleaved group’s performance was also not significantly attenuated during skill learning compared to the blocked group. Our results underscore the importance of conducting motor learning experiments in natural environments to understand the conditions that facilitate learning beyond the laboratory environment.
Live imaging of echinoderm embryos to illuminate evo-devo
Authors: Barone Vanessa , Lyons Deirdre C. 
Published: September 2022

Echinoderm embryos have been model systems for cell and developmental biology for over 150 years, in good part because of their optical clarity. Discoveries that shaped our understanding of fertilization, cell division and cell differentiation were only possible because of the transparency of sea urchin eggs and embryos, which allowed direct observations of intracellular structures. More recently, live imaging of sea urchin embryos, coupled with fluorescence microscopy, has proven pivotal to uncovering mechanisms of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration and gastrulation. However, live imaging has mainly been performed on sea urchin embryos, while echinoderms include numerous experimentally tractable species that present interesting variation in key aspects of morphogenesis, including differences in embryo compaction and mechanisms of blastula formation. The study of such variation would allow us not only to understand how tissues are formed in echinoderms, but also to identify which changes in cell shape, cell-matrix and cell-cell contact formation are more likely to result in evolution of new embryonic shapes. Here we argue that adapting live imaging techniques to more echinoderm species will be fundamental to exploit such an evolutionary approach to the study of morphogenesis, as it will allow measuring differences in dynamic cellular behaviors - such as changes in cell shape and cell adhesion - between species. We briefly review existing methods for live imaging of echinoderm embryos and describe in detail how we adapted those methods to allow long-term live imaging of several species, namely the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus and the sea stars Patiria miniata and Patiriella regularis. We outline procedures to successfully label, mount and image early embryos for 10–16 h, from cleavage stages to early blastula. We show that data obtained with these methods allows 3D segmentation and tracking of individual cells over time, the first step to analyze how cell shape and cell contact differ among species. The methods presented here can be easily adopted by most cell and developmental biology laboratories and adapted to successfully image early embryos of additional species, therefore broadening our understanding of the evolution of morphogenesis.
New strategies for neuro protection in glaucoma
Authors: Xuejiao Yang , Junwei Yan 
Published: September 2022

Glaucoma is a progressive, irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axons that results in characteristic optic atrophy and corresponding progressive visual field defect. The exact mechanisms underlying glaucomatous neuron loss are not clear. The main risk factor for glaucoma onset and development is high intraocular pressure (IOP), however traditional IOP-lowering therapies are often not sufficient to prevent degeneration of RGCs and the vision loss may progress, indicating the need for complementary neuroprotective therapy. This review summarizes the progress for neuro protection in glaucoma in recent 5 years, including modulation of neuroinflammation, gene and cell therapy, dietary supplementation, and sustained-release system.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 9-aryl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Shi Lingyu , Yang Shanbo , Chang Jing , Zhang Yujing , Liu Wenjing , Zeng Jun , Meng Jingsen , Zhang Renshuai , Wang Chao , Xing Dongming 
Published: September 2022

A series of new 9-aryl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor activity. All newly prepared compounds were tested for their anti-proliferative activity in vitro against three different cancer cells (SGC-7901, HeLa, and MCF-7). Among the designed compounds, compound 7k displayed the strongest anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cells with IC50 values of 8.7 ± 1.3 μM. In addition, 7k could inhibit the polymerization of tubulin and disrupt the microtubule network of cells. Further mechanism studies revealed that 7k arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that 7k may bind to colchicine binding sites on microtubules. Our study aims to provide a new strategy for the development of antitumor drugs targeting tubulin.
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 is highly expressed in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and predicts mid-term prognosis
Authors: Meng Xin , Xia Guofang , Zhang Lili , Xu Congfeng , Chen Zhong 
Published: September 2022

Background and aimsT cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) is mainly expressed by immune cells and plays an immunomodulatory role in cardiovascular disease. However, the prognostic value of Tim-3 in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of Tim-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with ADHF and its impact on their prognosis.MethodsIn this prospective study, 84 patients who were hospitalized with ADHF and 83 patients without heart failure were enrolled. Main clinical data were collected during patient visits. The Tim-3 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood samples was assayed by flow cytometry. Long-term prognosis of the patients with ADHF was evaluated by major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) over a 12-month follow-up period.ResultsWe found that the Tim-3 expression on CD4+ T cells [2.08% (1.15–2.67%) vs. 0.88% (0.56–1.39%), p &lt; 0.001] and CD8+ T cells [3.81% (2.24–6.03%) vs. 1.36% (0.76–3.00%), p &lt; 0.001] in ADHF group were significantly increased vs. the non-ADHF group. Logistic analysis revealed that high levels of Tim-3 expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were independent risk factors of ADHF (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.34–5.65, p = 0.006; OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.26–5.31, p = 0.010, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the high level of Tim-3 on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells as a biomarker has predictive performance for ADHF (AUC: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.68–0.83; AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.71–0.85, respectively). During a median follow-up of 12 months, the Cox regression analysis revealed that higher Tim-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were strongly associated with increased risks of MACCE within 12 months after ADHF (HR: 2.613; 95% CI: 1.11–6.13, p = 0.027; HR: 2.762, 95% CI: 1.15–6.63, p = 0.023; respectively).ConclusionOur research indicated that the expression level of Tim-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, elevated in patients with ADHF, was an independent predictor of MACCE within 12 months after ADHF. It suggests a potential immunoregulatory role of Tim-3 signaling system in the mechanism of ADHF.
Simulation of the spatial pattern of scenic spots combining optimal scale and deep learning
Authors: Zhu Shengdong , Bai Ziyi , Gan Zhuoting , Jin Shenglang , Zhang Chong , Wang Junxiong 
Published: September 2022

With the development of deep learning and big data technology, artificial neural network methods are used to simulate new areas with high potential to develop tourist attractions. They break through the limitation of the lifespan development of domestic tourist attractions and improve the credibility of results caused by the sample size and scale effect. This study applied the data for 906 scenic spots in Northwest China by a geographic detector model and deep learning technology to explore the dominant factors explaining their spatial distribution under the optimal research spatial scale and to simulate new areas with a high potential for development as tourist attractions. The main conclusions of this study were as follows. 1) The results were more reliable for Northwest China under a research spatial scale of 150 km × 150 km. 2) The leading factors affecting the development of tourist attractions in Northwest China were normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance from the city, population, and transportation accessibility. 3) The results identified areas that are highly suitable for tourist attractions, showed regional maturity in either the natural environment or social development. This study can act as a reference for further exploration and the application of artificial intelligence technology in scenic spots.
Influencing factors, deformation mechanism and failure process prediction for reservoir rock landslides: Tanjiahe landslide, three gorges reservoir area
Authors: Chen Yushan , Zhang Yeming , Wang Li , Wang Shimei , Tian Dongfang , Zhang Lun 
Published: September 2022

Compared with terrestrial rock landslides, reservoir rock landslides are also affected by the rise and fall of the reservoir water level, and these landslides are more threatening. High-speed debris flows may form once they lose stability, and once they enter the water a surge is formed. This endangers the safe operation of reservoirs. This study explored the deformation characteristics and influencing factors of the Tanjiahe reservoir rock landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir using field investigations, GPS surface displacement monitoring, and groundwater level monitoring. The discrete element system MatDEM was used to simulate failure motion, and predict the hazard area affected by the Tanjiahe landslide. The results show that within the reservoir water variation section (145–175 m), the Tanjiahe landslide mass was composed of surface soil (156–175 m) with low permeability and deep cataclastic rock (145–156 m) with high permeability. Due to the difference in permeability between the deep and surface layers, the response of landslide deformation to water level rise is not obvious. The high-level (175 m) operation of the reservoir and the decline in the reservoir water level (175–145 m) are key factors affecting the landslide deformation. Rainfall had a positive effect on landslide deformation. Under their combined action, the stability of the front gentle anti-sliding section of the landslide decreases, and the displacement of the middle and rear steeper sliding section increases under the driving force, which may lead to slope failure. The simulation results show that the upper part of the Tanjiahe landslide slides first and pushes the lower part to move, which is a typical of thrust load-caused failure. The speed of the sliding mass has three stages: rapid rise, rapid decline, and slow decline. The higher the slope angle, the higher the acceleration of the sliding mass in the direction parallel to the slope surface, the higher the speed peak value and the faster the sliding mass speed reaches the peak value. During the failure process, energy is transferred between sliding mass through collisions. Landslides can easily lead to debris flow. The maximum height of the first wave generated when the debris flow entered the water is 5.95 m, and the wave height that propagated to the opposite bank is 3.09 m. The landslide-induced waves propagated along the reservoir area for 30 km.
Layout method and numerical simulation study of reduced-hole blasting in large-section tunnels
Authors: Liu Xia , Tao Tiejun , Tian Xingchao , Lou Qianxing , Xie Caijin 
Published: September 2022

The traditional tunnel-drilling and blasting parameter design is based on the small-section roadway and involves many boreholes and conditions that require slow operation progress and thus cannot meet the rapid operation requirements of a large-span tunnel. Taking the Baizhushan Tunnel as the engineering background, this article put forward a theoretical basis for a hole-reducing layout method for large-section tunnel blasting. These parameters of the rock statics and dynamics were obtained through core-drilling sampling in the field and the development of static and dynamic tests. LS-DYNA software was used to establish the numerical model of large-span tunnel blasting. The method was verified through three aspects, namely, cavity effect, effective stress, and surrounding rock damage and was implemented in the field application. The results showed the following: the scheme for reducing-hole numbers used 26 fewer blast holes per cycle footage and saved 0.7 h of drilling time; the average effective stress of the retained rock was 0.6 times that of the original blasting scheme, which reduced the damage to the remaining rock; the maximum over-excavation thickness control was within 50 cm, which reduced over-break; in the field test, the utilization rate of cutting holes was 81.9%, the utilization rate of other blasting holes was 91.2%, the unit consumption of explosives was 0.72 kg/m3, the average over-excavation thickness control was within 20 cm, and the smooth blasting effect was superior.
MIEAP and ATG5 are tumor suppressors in a mouse model of BRAFV600E-positive thyroid cancer
Authors: Hamada Koichiro , Kurashige Tomomi , Shimamura Mika , Arakawa Hirofumi , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Nagayama Yuji 
Published: September 2022

Mitochondria-eating protein (MIEAP) is a molecule important for non-canonical mitophagy and thought to be a tumor suppressor. Our previous study found that MIEAP expression is defective in thyroid oncocytomas, irrespective of being benign or malignant, and also in non-oncocytic thyroid cancers. Thyroid oncocytomas are composed of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm that is rich in abnormal mitochondria. Thus, our data indicate that, together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis that compensates for the dysfunction of the mitochondria, MIEAP plays a critical role in the accumulation of mitochondria in thyroid oncocytic tumors, whereas a defective MIEAP expression alone is not sufficient for mitochondrial accumulation in non-oncocytic cancers with normal mitochondria. To clarify whether MIEAP is a tumor suppressor in the thyroids and whether MIEAP knockout (KO) alone is sufficient for the oncocytic phenotype and also to extend our effort toward canonical mitophagy (a selective autophagy), we here conducted mouse studies using genetically engineered mice. BrafCA/wt mice developed thyroid cancers 1 year after intrathyroidal injection of adenovirus expressing Cre, while cancer development was observed at 6 months in adenovirus-Cre-injected BrafCA/wt;MieapKO/KO and BrafCA/wt;Atg5flox/flox mice [where autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) is a component of autophagic machinery], although KO of either molecule alone was not sufficient for cancer development. These data demonstrate that MIEAP or ATG5 KO accelerated thyroid cancer development. However, cancers in adenovirus-Cre-injected BrafCA/wt;MieapKO/KO and BrafCA/wt;Atg5flox/flox mice were not oncocytic. In conclusion, we here show that MIEAP and ATG5 are both tumor suppressors in thyroid carcinogenesis, but as we have anticipated from our previous data, KO of either molecule does not confer the oncocytic phenotype to BRAFV600E-positive thyroid cancers. The combination of disruptive mitochondrial function and impaired mitochondrial quality control may be necessary to establish a mouse model of thyroid oncocytoma.
Reproductive endocrine characteristics and in vitro fertilization treatment of female patients with partial 17α-hydroxylase deficiency: Two pedigree investigations and a literature review
Authors: Jiang Shutian , Xu Yue , Qiao Jie , Wang Yao , Kuang Yanping 
Published: September 2022

Background17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency (17-OHD) is caused by the mutations of the CYP17A1 gene. The classical phenotype of 17-OHD includes hypertension, hypokalemia, and abnormal sexual development, with partial 17-OHD typically less severe than the complete deficiency. Infertility is always one of the main clinical manifestations of partial 17-OHD. However, to date, the pregnancy potentials of partial 17-OHD female patients have rarely been investigated, and few live-birth cases have been reported among them. Moreover, the reproductive endocrine characteristics of partial 17-OHD female patients have not been completely clarified and the treatment skills of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) have not been well summarized yet.MethodsTwo Chinese infertile female patients clinically diagnosed as partial 17-OHD were enrolled and their pedigree investigations were performed. Hormones were determined to depict the endocrine conditions of partial 17-OHD female patients. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was performed to evaluate the functions of the adrenal cortex. Genotype analysis was conducted by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the results. IVF-ET was performed for the treatment of their infertility. Specifically, the progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol was chosen for the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles, and the hormone replacement treatment (HRT) protocol was adopted for the endometrial preparation in frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.ResultsHormone assays revealed a reduced estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) level, and an elevated progesterone (P4) level. The classic ACTH stimulating test evidenced a suboptimal response of cortisol to ACTH. Genotype analysis demonstrated that the proband1 carried two variants: c.1459_1467del (p.Asp487_Phe489del)het and c.995T&gt;C (p.lle332Thr)het. The proband2 was found to be a homozygote with the mutation of c.1358T&gt;A (p.Phe453Ser)hom. The two female patients both succeeded in pregnancy and delivery of healthy babies through IVF-ET, with the usage of PPOS, HRT, and low-dose glucocorticoids.ConclusionsPartial 17-OHD female patients manifested menstrual cycle disorders and infertility clinically; displayed high P4 and low E2 and T; showed sparse pubic hair in physical examinations; and revealed multiple ovarian cysts in ultrasonic visualization. Moreover, the pregnancy potentials of infertile partial 17-OHD women seemed to increase with the adoption of IVF-ET. Considering the sustained elevated P4 level, PPOS is a feasible protocol for them in COH.
TripleConvTransformer: A deep learning vessel trajectory prediction method fusing discretized meteorological data
Authors: Huang Peng , Chen Qiong , Wang Dong , Wang Mingqing , Wu Xi , Huang Xiaomeng 
Published: September 2022

The shipping industry is increasingly threatened by global climate change. Reliable trajectory prediction can be used to perceive potential risks and ensure navigation efficiency. However, many existing studies have not fully considered the impact of complex ocean environmental factors and have only focused on local regions, which are difficult to extend to a global scale. To this end, we propose a deep learning vessel trajectory prediction method fusing discretized meteorological data (TripleConvTransformer). First, we clean the automatic identification system data to form a high-quality spatiotemporal trajectory dataset. Then, we fuse the trajectory data with the meteorological data after feature discretization to deeply mine the motion information of ocean-going ships. Finally, we design three modules, the global convolution, local convolution, and trend convolution modules, based on the simplified transformer model to capture multiscale features. We compare TripleConvTransformer with state-of-the-art prediction models. The experimental results show that in the prediction of the trajectory points in the next 90 min, the smallest root mean square error in terms of longitude and latitude and the highest overall prediction accuracy are achieved using TripleConvTransformer. Our method not only fully considers the influence of meteorological factors in the ocean-going process but also effectively extracts the important information hidden in the data, thus achieving accurate trajectory prediction on a global scale.
Evolution of land surface feedbacks on extreme heat: Adapting existing coupling metrics to a changing climate
Authors: Dirmeyer Paul A. , Sridhar Mantripragada Rama Sesha , Gay Bradley A. , Klein David K. D. 
Published: September 2022

Episodes of extreme heat are increasing globally, and dry land surface states have been implicated as an amplifying factor in several recent heat waves. Metrics used to quantify land-heat coupling in the current climate, relating sensible heat fluxes to near-surface air temperature, are applied to multimodel simulations of the past, present, and future climate to investigate the evolving role of land–atmosphere feedbacks in cases of extreme heat. Two related metrics are used: one that describes the climatological state of land-heat coupling and one that gives an episodic estimate of land feedbacks, here defined as the metric’s value at the 90th percentile of monthly mean temperatures. To provide robust statistics, seasonal multimodel medians are calculated, with the significance of changes determined by the degree of model consensus on the sign of the change. The climatological land-heat coupling mirrors other metrics of land–atmosphere interaction, peaking in transition regions between arid and humid climates. Changes from preindustrial to recent historical conditions are dominated by decreased land surface controls on extreme heat, mainly over the broad areas that have experienced expanded or intensified agriculture over the last 150 years. Future projections for increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations show a waning of areas of weakened land-heat feedbacks, while areas of increasing feedbacks expand over monsoon regions and much of the midlatitudes. The episodic land-heat metric is based on anomalies, which creates a quandary: how should anomalies be defined in a nonstationary climate? When the episodic coupling is defined relative to the means and variances for each period, a broadly similar evolution to the climatological metric is found, with historically dominant decreases giving way to widespread moderate increases in future climate scenarios. Basing all statistics on preindustrial norms results in huge increases in the coupling metric, showing its sensitivity to the definition of anomalies. When the metric is reformulated to isolate the impact of changing land and temperature variability, the tropics and Western Europe emerge as regions with enhanced land feedbacks on heatwaves, while desert areas and much of the remainder of the midlatitudes show reduced land-heat coupling.