bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The p-Laplacian in thin channels with locally periodic roughness and different scales*
Authors: Nakasato Jean Carlos , Pereira Marcone Corrêa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work we analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the p-Laplacian equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions posed in bounded thin domains as

R

ε

=

(

x
,
y

)

∈

R

2

:
x
∈

(

0
,
1

)

and

0
<
y
<
ε
G

x
,
x
/

ε

α

for some α > 0. We take a smooth function

G
:

(

0
,
1

)

×
R
↦
R

, L-periodic in the second variable, which allows us to consider locally periodic oscillations at the upper boundary. The thin domain situation is established passing to the limit in the solutions as the positive parameter ɛ goes to zero and we determine the limit regime for three case: α < 1, α = 1 and α > 1.
Locoregional recurrence prediction in head and neck cancer based on multi-modality and multi-view feature expansion
Authors: Wang Rongfang , Guo Jinkun , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Kai , Gou Shuiping , Xu Rongbin , Sher David , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective.Locoregional recurrence (LRR) is one of the leading causes of treatment failure in head and neck (H&N) cancer. Accurately predicting LRR after radiotherapy is essential to achieving better treatment outcomes for patients with H&N cancer through developing personalized treatment strategies. We aim to develop an end-to-end multi-modality and multi-view feature extension method (MMFE) to predict LRR in H&N cancer.Approach.Deep learning (DL) has been widely used for building prediction models and has achieved great success. Nevertheless, 2D-based DL models inherently fail to utilize the contextual information from adjacent slices, while complicated 3D models have a substantially larger number of parameters, which require more training samples, memory and computing resources. In the proposed MMFE scheme, through the multi-view feature expansion and projection dimension reduction operations, we are able to reduce the model complexity while preserving volumetric information. Additionally, we designed a multi-modality convolutional neural network that can be trained in an end-to-end manner and can jointly optimize the use of deep features of CT, PET and clinical data to improve the model’s prediction ability.Main results.The dataset included 206 eligible patients, of which, 49 had LRR while 157 did not. The proposed MMFE method obtained a higher AUC value than the other four methods. The best prediction result was achieved when using all three modalities, which yielded an AUC value of 0.81.Significance.Comparison experiments demonstrated the superior performance of the MMFE as compared to other 2D/3D-DL-based methods. By combining CT, PET and clinical features, the MMFE could potentially identify H&N cancer patients at high risk for LRR such that personalized treatment strategy can be developed accordingly.
Measurement of biological washout rates depending on tumor vascular status in 15O in-beam rat-PET
Authors: Toramatsu Chie , Mohammadi Akram , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Sudo Hitomi , Nitta Nobuhiro , Seki Chie , Kanno Iwao , Takahashi Miwako , Karasawa Kumiko , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. The biological washout of positron emitters should be modeled and corrected in order to achieve quantitative dose range verification in charged particle therapy based on positron emission tomography (PET). This biological washout effect is affected by physiological environmental conditions such as blood perfusion and metabolism, but the correlation to tumour pathology has not been studied yet. Approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the dependence of the biological washout rate on tumour vascular status in rat irradiation. Two types of tumour vascularity conditions, perfused and hypoxic, were modelled with nude rats. The rats were irradiated by a radioactive 15O ion beam and time activity curves were acquired by dynamic in-beam PET measurement. Tumour tissue sections were obtained to observe the histology as well. The biological washout rate was derived using a single-compartment model with two decay components (medium decay, k
2m
and slow decay, k
2s
). Main results. All k
2m
values in the vascular perfused tumour tissue were higher than the values of the normal tissue. All k
2m
values in the hypoxic tumour tissue were much lower than the values of the vascular perfused tumour tissue and slightly lower than the values of the normal tissue. Significance. The dependency of the biological washout on the tumour vasculature conditions was experimentally shown.
Multi-class retinal fluid joint segmentation based on cascaded convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tang Wei , Ye Yanqing , Chen Xinjian , Shi Fei , Xiang Dehui , Chen Zhongyue , Zhu Weifang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Retinal fluid mainly includes intra-retinal fluid (IRF), sub-retinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED), whose accurate segmentation in optical coherence tomography (OCT) image is of great importance to the diagnosis and treatment of the relative fundus diseases. Approach. In this paper, a novel two-stage multi-class retinal fluid joint segmentation framework based on cascaded convolutional neural networks is proposed. In the pre-segmentation stage, a U-shape encoder–decoder network is adopted to acquire the retinal mask and generate a retinal relative distance map, which can provide the spatial prior information for the next fluid segmentation. In the fluid segmentation stage, an improved context attention and fusion network based on context shrinkage encode module and multi-scale and multi-category semantic supervision module (named as ICAF-Net) is proposed to jointly segment IRF, SRF and PED. Main results. the proposed segmentation framework was evaluated on the dataset of RETOUCH challenge. The average Dice similarity coefficient, intersection over union and accuracy (Acc) reach 76.39%, 64.03% and 99.32% respectively. Significance. The proposed framework can achieve good performance in the joint segmentation of multi-class fluid in retinal OCT images and outperforms some state-of-the-art segmentation networks.
Robust transmission gate-based 10T subthreshold SRAM for internet-of-things applications
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Gholipour Morteza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a transmission-gate-based 10T (TG10T) subthreshold SRAM cell for internet of things applications. To estimate its relative strength, it is compared with six-transistor (6T), transmission gate (TG)-based 8T (TG8T), and fully differential 8T (FD8T) cells subjected to severe process variations. The simulation results are carried out using HSPICE software and a 16 nm CMOS technology node. The TG10T cell uses a differential scheme to enhance the sense margin, two TGs instead of two NMOS access transistors to enhance write-ability, and two extra buffer transistors to improve read stability. The proposed TG10T cell minimizes leakage power dissipation by means of a greater number of PMOS devices. The proposed cell shows at least a 1.67X lower read delay (T
RA) and a 1.13X higher read static noise margin. In addition, it offers a 1.22X and 1.52X lower write delay (T
WA), and a 1.36X and 1.40X higher write static noise margin (WSNM) than that of 6T and FD8T, respectively. The TG10T cell consumes 2.06X/1.28X lower dynamic/leakage power compared to the 6T cell. For all these improvements, it incurs a penalty of 1.24X T
WA, 1.48X WSNM, and 1.12Xdynamic power when compared with the TG8T cell, at V
DD = 0.36 V. However, when subjected to severe process variations, the proposed TG10T cell shows high reliability. Moreover, a 2 kb SRAM memory using the proposed TG10T cell along with peripheral circuitries is implemented to evaluate the proposed cell’s performance in an array level.
The in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity of RBa
2
Cu
3
O
7−x
(R = Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Y) superconductors
Authors: Kumari Anita , Sharma Rakhi , Chauhan Radhika , Indu B D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present an analysis of thermal conductivity of a series of rare earth substituted high temperature superconductors (HTS) of the form RBa
2
Cu
3
O
7−x
(R = Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Y). Interaction of lattice vibrations with structural defects, surface boundaries, dislocations or point defects, phonons and electrons can lead to substantial thermal resistance. This work deals with the combined impact of all these scattering processes on the thermal conductivity of these HTSs and thus, presents a complete picture. The role of various scattering processes in thermal transport has been explored based on the many-body quantum dynamics for the bulk material. We have tried to interpret which scattering processes are important in different temperature ranges. We note that the boundary scattering is the sole contributor to thermal resistance at very low temperatures, in excellent agreement with experimental observations. Further, we also studied the anisotropic nature of thermal conductivity in single-crystal YBCO. Our results bear excellent agreement with the available experimental data for both the in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity. It is observed that the in-plane thermal conductivity is much higher than the cross-plane thermal conductivity imparting a 2 − D nature to the thermal transport in such materials. We conclude that of the various scattering processes, anisotropy in the thermal transport is largely owing to the defect scattering, phonon-phonon scattering and interference scattering processes. Such an analysis addresses the possibility of limiting the heat flow in a particular direction while allowing it in the other; a feature that can be exploited for the development of exotic technological high-temperature superconductor crystals for industrial use.
Surviving early career research and beyond in biophysics/biological physics: a concise user guide
Authors: Leake Mark C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Early career researcher (ECR) development is a dynamic challenge that tensions the urge to perform ground-breaking research against an ultimate practical aspiration of establishing an acceptable level of job security. There is no typical career path for an ECR, least of all in the area of biophysics/biological physics. Being explicitly interdisciplinary across the physical-life sciences interface presents more opportunities for a multiplicity of career trajectories through different home academic institutions and departments, as well as offering a broader range of alternative future career trajectories in non-academic sectors. That said, there are key common features, such as the transient nature of fixed-term postdoctoral contracts, the substantial research and domestic challenges that these present, and the often overwhelming pressures of the realities of competition in the job market. In this short article, I outline the key challenges to ECRs in this area and discuss simple strategies to manage and potentially overcome them. To highlight discussion, I draw from specific exemplars in the UK, however, the key guide applies globally to all ECRs in biophysics/biological physics.
Regional and elevational patterns of extreme heat stress change in the US
Authors: Raymond Colin , Waliser Duane , Guan Bin , Lee Huikyo , Loikith Paul , Massoud Elias , Sengupta Agniv , Singh Deepti , Wootten Adrienne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Increasing severity of extreme heat is a hallmark of climate change. Its impacts depend on temperature but also on moisture and solar radiation, each with distinct spatial patterns and vertical profiles. Here, we consider these variables’ combined effect on extreme heat stress, as measured by the environmental stress index, using a suite of high-resolution climate simulations for historical (1980–2005) and future (2074–2099, Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5)) periods. We find that observed extreme heat stress drops off nearly linearly with elevation above a coastal zone, at a rate that is larger in more humid regions. Future projections indicate dramatic relative increases whereby the historical top 1% summer heat stress value may occur on about 25%–50% of future summer days under the RCP8.5 scenario. Heat stress increases tend to be larger at higher latitudes and in areas of greater temperature increase, although in the southern and eastern US moisture increases are nearly as important. Imprinted on top of this dominant pattern we find secondary effects of smaller heat stress increases near ocean coastlines, notably along the Pacific coast, and larger increases in mountains, notably the Sierra Nevada and southern Appalachians. This differential warming is attributable to the greater warming of land relative to ocean, and to larger temperature increases at higher elevations outweighing larger water-vapor increases at lower elevations. All together, our results aid in furthering knowledge about drivers and characteristics that shape future extreme heat stress at scales difficult to capture in global assessments.
On symmetry breaking in the B − L extended spectral standard model
Authors: Besnard Fabien 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We apply Connes–Chamseddine spectral action to the U(1)
B−L
—extension of the standard model. We show that in order for the scalar potential to reach its minimum for a non-zero value of the new complex scalar field, thus triggering the breaking of B − L symmetry, a constraint on the quartic coupling constants must be satisfied at unification scale. We then explore the renormalization flow of this model in two opposite scenarios for the neutrino sector, and show that this constraint is not compatible with the pole masses of the top quark and SM Higgs boson. We also show that the model suffers from a mass-splitting problem similar to the doublet-triplet splitting problem of grand unified theories. We discuss potential implications for the noncommutative geometry program.
Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
Authors: Pola Cícero C , Rangnekar Sonal V , Sheets Robert , Szydłowska Beata M , Downing Julia R , Parate Kshama W , Wallace Shay G , Tsai Daphne , Hersam Mark C , Gomes Carmen L , Claussen Jonathan C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home tests are key tools in addition to vaccines in the world wide fight to eliminate national and local shutdowns. However, currently available tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are too expensive, painful, and irritating, or not sufficiently sensitive for routine, accurate home testing. Herein, we employ custom-formulated graphene inks and aerosol jet printing to create a rapid electrochemical immunosensor for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) in saliva samples acquired noninvasively. This sensor demonstrated limits of detection that are considerably lower than most commercial SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests (22.91 ± 4.72 pg ml−1 for spike RBD and 110.38 ± 9.00 pg ml−1 for spike S1) as well as fast response time (∼30 min), which was facilitated by the functionalization of printed graphene electrodes in a single-step with SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibody through the carbodiimide reaction without the need for nanoparticle functionalization or secondary antibody or metallic nanoparticle labels. This immunosensor presents a wide linear sensing range from 1 to 1000 ng ml−1 and does not react with other coexisting influenza viruses such as H1N1 hemagglutinin. By combining high-yield graphene ink synthesis, automated printing, high antigen selectivity, and rapid testing capability, this work offers a promising alternative to current SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests.
[6,6]CNB with controllable external electric field deformation: a theoretical study of the structure-function relationship
Authors: Lu Chen , Jiang Fengli , Wang Jingang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An external electric field (EEF) has a strong controlling effect on the structure, electron distribution, and optoelectronic properties of a system. In this study, the geometric structure, electronic distribution and electronic transition properties of [6,6]carbon nanobelt ([6,6]CNB) were investigated under different EEFs based on density functional theory and wave function analysis. These theoretical studies determined that EEF can significantly change the geometry of [6,6]CNB by elongating its structure. The system deformation was mainly caused by forces pulling in the direction of the EEF. After removal of the EEF, the system reverted to its original structure. Electronic polarization played a major role in structural stability during the deformation process. The changes in geometric structure and electronic distribution affected the photoelectric properties of [6,6]CNB. Under the action of EEFs, the absorption peak of [6,6]CNB was red-shifted and gradually appeared in the visible light region. This study facilitates an understanding of the performance of [6,6]CNB as a new type of nanomaterial and provides the necessary theoretical basis for the application of [6,6]CNB in the field of optoelectronics.
Adsorption of Cd(II) on mesoporous Al2O3 prepared from high-aluminum fly ash
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Liu Nengsheng , Li Xiaoying , He Xintao , Liu Xueqing , Hu Bo , He Sufang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution has increased in water bodies due to an increase in industrial and agricultural activities, threatening human health and ecosystem stability. In this study, high-alumina fly ash (HAFA) was used as a low-cost raw material to prepare mesoporous alumina (MA) adsorbents to remove Cd(II) from water. The adsorption performance of the synthesized MA for Cd(II) was investigated at different pH values, initial Cd(II) concentrations, and contact times. The results showed that MA was successfully prepared from HAFA, and showed a specific surface area of 318.7 m2 g−1 and average pore size of 4.5 nm. The adsorption of Cd(II) on the synthesized MA had the best adsorption environment at pH 7, and the contact time to reach the dynamic adsorption equilibrium was 60 min. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models accurately described chemisorption and monolayer adsorption of Cd(II) on the surface of the synthesized MA, respectively. The fitting results of the Intra-particle diffusion model show that the intraparticle diffusion of particles is not the only step controlling the rate during the adsorption of Cd(II) by synthetic materials. The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized MA for Cd(II) was calculated to be 88.26 mg g−1 using the Langmuir isotherm.
Preparation of Palygorskite hybrid iron oxide red pigment and its application in waterborne polyurethane composite coatings and ceramics
Authors: Han Yisen , Shan Miao , Lu Yunfei , Liu Songqin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Palygorskite (Pal) is a kind of magnesium aluminum silicate clay mineral with a one-dimensional rod and layer chain structure. Herein, Pal hybrid iron oxide red pigment (Pal/α-Fe2O3) was prepared by the grinding method. Pal acted as a matrix to fix α-Fe2O3 particles and influenced the performances of composite pigments by changing the particle size and distribution of α-Fe2O3. The color difference analysis showed that the color performances of composite pigments were closely related to the ratio of Pal to α-Fe2O3. Compared with the original red iron oxide pigment, the tinting strength of the composite pigment was increased by about 15%. When Pal/α-Fe2O3 was used as the red pigment for coating, it had good storage stability for waterborne coating and improved its adhesion and corrosion resistance. Pal/α-Fe2O3 composite pigments had excellent high-temperature resistance, which could increase the calcination temperature of ceramic pigments and would be beneficial for the ceramic industry. The synthetic method of Pal/α-Fe2O3 composite pigment was simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly, and could be applied to large-scale industrial production.
Prognostic value of modified model for end-stage liver disease scores in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Lv Junxing , Ye Yunqing , Li Zhe , Zhang Bin , Liu Qingrong , Zhao Qinghao , Zhao Zhenyan , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Haitong , Duan Zhenya , Wang Bincheng , Yu Zikai , Guo Shuai , Zhao Yanyan , Gao Runlin , Xu Haiyan , Wu Yongjian ,   for the CHINA-VHD Collaborators, Wu Yongjian , Xu Haiyan , Zhou Yujie , Zhang Haibo , Liu Changfu , Yang Qing , Cong Hongliang , Zhou Daxin , Zhao Xianxian , Zhang Zhihui , Jiang Xianyan , Zhang Mei , Han Qinghua , An Jian , Ke Yongsheng , Chen Lianglong , Lin Rong , Luo Jianfang , Wen Hong , Wu Qiang , Liao Wang , Gao Chuanyu , Li Ling , Qi Xiaoyong , Ji Zheng , Su Xi , Hu Xinqun , Li Yue , Yu Bo , Liu Bin , Chen Shaoliang , Wang Jianan , Fu Guosheng , Zheng Zeqi , Zhang Zheng , Song Bing , Xie Ping , Zhao Xingsheng , Pei Hanjun , Huang Hui , Tao Ling , Li Fei , Guo Yingqiang , Fan Zhongcai , Wang Haoyu , Guo Tao , Tao Guizhou , Ren Ming , Gesang Luobu , Ma Xiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) may cause damage to liver and kidney function. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease excluding international normalized ratio (MELD-XI) and the model with albumin replacing international normalized ratio (MELD-Albumin) scores, which include both liver and kidney function indexes, may predict mortality in patients with TR. The study aimed to analyse the prognostic value of MELD-XI and MELD-Albumin scores in patients with significant TR.

Methods and results
A total of 1825 patients with at least moderate pure native TR from the China Valvular Heart Disease study between April and June 2018, were included in this analysis. The primary outcome was all-cause death within 2 years. Of 1825 patients, 165 (9.0%) died during follow-up. Restricted cubic splines revealed that hazard ratio for death increased monotonically with greater modified MELD scores. The MELD-XI and MELD-Albumin scores, as continuous variables or categorized using thresholds determined by maximally selected rank statistics, were independently associated with 2-year mortality (all adjusted P &lt; 0.001). Both scores provided incremental value over prognostic model without hepatorenal indexes {MELD-XI score: net reclassification index [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.237 (0.138–0.323)]; MELD-Albumin score: net reclassification index (95% CI), 0.220 (0.122–0.302)}. Results were similar in clinically meaningful subgroups, including but not limited to patients under medical treatment and those with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Models including modified MELD scores were established for prognostic evaluation of significant TR.

Conclusion
Both MELD-XI and MELD-Albumin scores provided incremental prognostic information and could play important roles in risk assessment in patients with significant TR.