bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of macrocrack-free thick chromium duplex plating for remanufacturing applications
Authors: Taufiqullah Taufiqullah , Nugroho Adhi Setyo , Ramdan Raden Dadan , Sasmita Firmansyah , Rodotun Siti , Ramelan Aditianto 
Published: July 2022

The remanufacturing process of a hydraulic cylinder rod becomes a challenging prospect in the industrial sector producing heavy equipment. That is because remanufactured components can have the same product quality as new components with a more economical price.
Hard chromium electrodeposition is a well-known technique to provide a protective coating for the cylinder rod so that it has favorable wear and corrosion resistance properties. Associated with remanufacturing applications, the used chromium plating covering the cylinder rod should be removed first before applying the new chromium one. Whereas the removal process often slightly consumes the base metal and fresh thicker chromium should be deposited in order to preserve its original diameter. The main problem is that the thick chromium may experience macrocrack after the baking process at 200 °C. Hence, the observation of as-plated and as-baked thick and hard chromium deposit properties is the novelty of this research.
In this work, the thick and hard chromium plating over a flat carbon steel substrate was produced by the electrodeposition method. A conventional single-layer chromium deposit with a plating current density greater than 40 A/dm2 shows macrocracks after the baking process at 200 °C for an hour. For the chromium duplex plating composed of two Cr layers, the maximum thickness of the deposit was 261.0±8.5 microns, and the macrocrack was observed. Meanwhile, the as-baked duplex chromium plating composed of a polished Cr-C layer and a Cr layer has a microcrack density of 337±8 cracks/cm and hardness of 924.8±22.2 HV0.3 without macrocracks. EPMA characterization confirmed the presence of a carbon element in the Cr-C layer, and it is presumed due to carbon co-deposition from formic acid additives.
Building a mathematical model of the destruction of a connecting rod-piston group in the car engine at hydraulic lock
Authors: Khrulev Alexander , Saraiev Oleksii 
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the process of destruction of parts of the connecting rod-piston group of the engine due to hydraulic lock after the ingress of liquid into the cylinders of the engine. Comparing expert data on actual engine destruction due to hydrolock with existing estimation models has made it possible to identify a number of significant contradictions affecting the objectivity and accuracy of the destruction assessment.
To resolve the existing contradictions, a mathematical model for reconstructing the destruction of the connecting rod-piston group of the engine during a hydraulic lock has been improved. Unlike the existing ones, the model makes it possible to take into consideration not only the static deformation of the connecting rod but also to give a comprehensive assessment of the deformations of the connecting rod, piston pin, and piston at different volumes of hydrolock fluid.
Underlying the model is the hypothesis assuming that the deformation of the piston pin under excessive load caused by hydraulic lock leads to the emergence of tension and an increase in the friction in the mated pin-piston. The calculation from the condition of differential change in the amount of friction in the mated pin-piston produced a satisfactory result that does not contradict the practical data and has confirmed the working hypothesis.
By calculation, the onset of the destruction of engine parts during hydrolock at a pressure in the cylinder close to 17.3 MPa, at a crankshaft angle of about 346°, was revealed. In addition, it was found that in the case of violating the operating conditions, due to friction, the mated pin-piston is exposed to the lateral force on the skirt that reaches 17.2 MPa, which exceeds the permissible one, calculated according to known procedures, by 2.8 times.
The results reported here are confirmed by known practical data, which makes the devised model applicable to the practice of expert studies into the causes of engine malfunctions when violating the operating conditions of a car
Revealing the effect of plasma-chemical treatment of propane-butane fuel on the environmental characteristics of the internal combustion engine
Authors: Avramenko Andrii , Vnukova Nataliia , Kozlovskyi Oleksandr , Zipunnikov Mykola , Hradovych Nina , Darmofal Eleonora , Khaneichuk Katarina 
Published: July 2022

One of the key problems of modern engine construction is the improvement of environmental performance while ensuring a competitive price of produced engines. This is achieved using state-of-the-art control systems, expensive fuel equipment, and complex exhaust gas neutralization systems. The search for ways to improve the environmental performance of transport engines without significant complication of their structure is a priority area of modern research.
Plasma chemical treatment of gas makes it possible to reduce the level of harmful substances in exhaust gases by 1.5‒4 times relative to operation on propane-butane without processing. This paper considers the possibility of using a plasma dynamic stabilization technique and conducting an electric discharge without contact with metal electrodes for the implementation of endothermic reactions whose implementation requires energy from an external source. During test experiments, volt-ampere characteristics of the system with needle electrodes were established, the distance between which was 2‒5 mm at different feed pressures of propane-butane gas mixture (75 % propane and 25 % butane). At the outlet of the plasma-chemical reactor, a hydrogen-containing gas mixture is obtained, which is subsequently supplied to the combustion chamber through the regular gas fuel system of the engine. Next, when such a gas mixture burns in the combustion chamber, hydrogen acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions, which reduces the thickness of the flame extinguishing front, increases the speed and completeness of combustion of the gas mixture. Based on the results of comparative motor studies, it was found that plasma-chemical treatment of propane-butane has almost no influence on the effective efficiency of the engine and specific fuel consumption. It should also be noted that the use of plasma-chemical reactors on board a vehicle allows them to be integrated into regular gas fuel engine systems with minimal changes in their structure, which has almost no effect on the mass-size indicators and maintenance conditions of the gas fuel system
Establishing regularities in the reduction of flammable properties of wood protected with two-component intumescent varnish
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Lomaha Vasyl , Vasylyshyn Roman , Melnyk Oleksandr , Balanyuk Volodymyr , Tsapko Аleksii , Bondarenko Olga , Karpuk Anatolii 
Published: July 2022

This paper reports the analysis of compositions for fire protection of wood that established that there are not enough data to explain and describe the process of fire protection and, accordingly, the fire-hazardous properties of wood, in order to protect people. The development and research of a set of properties of fire-resistant materials leads to the design of new types of such materials. The object of this study was a fire-protective two-component intumescent varnish for wood. The essence of the research is to determine the indicators of fire danger of wood, fire-protected by coatings, and the impact exerted on them by the formed heat-insulating layer of coke, making it possible to justify the effectiveness of the fire-retardant coating under the influence of temperature. The volume of fire-retardant and hydrophobic coating has been optimized, which ensures the lowest value of loss of mass by fire-protected wood during thermal action. Its lowest value was determined when using flame retardant in the volume of 589 g/m2 and a hydrophobic agent in the volume of 54 g/m2. When determining the combustibility of fire-resistant wood, it was established that the temperature of flue gases during tests was no more than 103 °C, the length of damage to the sample did not exceed 143 mm. At the same time, the weight loss did not exceed 19 g, and the independent burning of wood did not exceed 23 s. In addition, the wood withstood the surface effect of a heat flow of 35 kW/m2, while surface combustion did not occur, and the value of the coefficient of smoke formation was 432 m2/kg during the smoldering of the fire-proof sample. Unlike wood protection with fire-retardant swelling paint, the fireproof wood with two-component varnish, does not change color and refers to low combustibility materials; it is hard to ignite, dose not spread the flame by surface, with moderate smoke-forming ability. The practical significance is the fact that a certificate of conformity was issued based on the reported results. Thus, there are grounds to assert the possibility of directed adjustment of wood fire protection processes by using coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material
Application of artificial neural network for wheat yield forecasting
Authors: Aubakirova Gailya , Ivel Victor , Gerassimova Yuliya , Moldakhmetov Sayat , Petrov Pavel 
Published: July 2022

A given model of yield forecasting using an artificial neural network connects the wheat crop with the amount of productive moisture in the soil, soil fertility, weather, and factors in the presence of pests, diseases, and weeds. The difficulty of creating a yield forecast system is in the correct choice of predictors that have the greatest impact on yield.
To build the model, moisture in the 100 cm layer of the soil, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, humus, and soil acidity in the soil were used as input parameters. The amount of precipitation over 4 months, the average air temperature for the same period, as well as the presence of diseases, pests, and weeds were also taken into consideration. Data on 13 districts of the North Kazakhstan region in the period from 2008 to 2017 were used. The output parameter was the yield of spring wheat over the same time period.
The relative importance of input variables in relation to the output variable was used to determine the weight values of input variables.
An artificial neural network of error backpropagation was used as a method. The advantage of this method is that the quality of the forecast increases with a large amount of training data, as well as the ability to model nonlinear relationships between different data sources.
After training the artificial neural network and obtaining predictive data, good results were achieved for predicting wheat yields (p=0.52, mean absolute error in percentage (MAPE)=12.02 %, root mean square error (RMSE)=3.368).
Thus, it is assumed that the developed model for forecasting wheat yields based on data can be easily adapted for other crops and places and will allow the adoption of the right strategies to ensure food security
The principle for forming a portfolio of public services based on the analysis of statistical information
Authors: Gavrilenko Olena , Zhurakovska Oksana , Kohan Alla , Matviychuk Roman , Piskun Andrii , Khavikova Yuliia , Khalus Olena 
Published: July 2022

One of the key goals of digital transformation in Europe is to transfer 100 % of public services online, in particular, by 2030, all key public services should be online.
This process requires the creation of comprehensive services that combine several services provided to the user on one application. The introduction of comprehensive services significantly unloads work of the bodies providing services and significantly simplifies the process of obtaining the results of services for users. Thus, the introduction of comprehensive services significantly improves the process of providing public services for all participants in the process.
The formation of complex services is carried out solely on the principle of combining according to a life (business) event or situation.
However, as practical experience shows, users often apply for several services at the same time, and these services are not connected by one life event. This can be seen by analyzing statistics on the provision of services by service centers.
The use of statistical analysis methods makes it possible to identify a hidden relationship between services. Based on this, a new principle of combining services is formulated. The object of this research is the process of forming a portfolio of services based on this principle.
An algorithm for forming a portfolio and providing recommendations for a decision maker has been developed. Recommendations are represented in the form of sets of services that can be included in the portfolio. The application of this principle will expand the range of comprehensive services at the expense of new portfolios. This will simplify and improve the process of providing services for both authorities and users.
An example of creating a portfolio of services is considered and recommendations for the application of the proposed methodology are given. Dataset of 84 services was analyzed, it was recommended to create 2 portfolios
DETERMINATION OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE RESISTANCE MATRIX WITH DEVIATIONS OF DESIGN PARAMETERS FROM NOMINAL
Authors: Kozlovskyi V. V. , Kozlovskyi V. V. , Khrashchevskyi R. V. , Klobukov V. V. 
Published: July 2022

Context. UHF transmission systems make extensive use of transmission line segments, the characteristics of which have a significant impact on the performance of various information technologies. One of the problems of production of transmission lines is to obtain a given wave impedance, which significantly affects the electrical and information characteristics of the entire set of equipment. Currently, there is a burning issue of estimating the influence of disturbing factors on various electrical characteristics of long line segments. To date, the most fully developed methods for assessing the effect of disturbing factors on the wave impedance of a homogeneous line (the wave impedance is constant) under regular perturbations. In this case, the influence of perturbations on the reflection coefficient of matched lines was mainly considered. The effect of perturbations on the other characteristics of homogeneous and, especially, inhomogeneous lines has not been sufficiently studie
Objective. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of wave impedance perturbations on the transmission line impedance matrix. Knowing the perturbed impedance matrix, it is possible to determine the distortion of the characteristics of any device built on transmission line segments.
Method. The paper uses the method of perturbation theory of linear differential operators applied to equations describing processes in inhomogeneous long lines.
Results. The obtained results make it possible to estimate the influence of regular and irregular perturbations of the wave resistance (wave conductance) on the transmission line matrix considered as a quadrupole. Such matrix can be any quadrupole matrix: resistance matrix, conductance matrix, circuit matrix. This makes it possible, according to the desired function of the circuit (gain, input impedance, reflection coefficient), to determine the allowable deviation of the wave impedance from the nominal value in order to select a tolerance for reproducing the wave impedance.
Conclusions. The proposed criterion for estimating line parameter deviations using the norm of the four-pole matrix is inherently an integral criterion and can be used to preliminarily estimate the frequency domain of the strongest distortions, regardless of the functional purpose of the transmission line segment. The developed approach is applicable to both homogeneous and heterogeneous transmission lines and covers both regular and irregular wave impedance perturbations.
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Rubrik Penilaian Tes Hasil Belajar Keterampilan High Service Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hambali Burhan , Ma'mun Amung , Susetyo Budi , Hidayat Yusuf , Gumilar Agus 
Published: July 2022

Rubrik penilaian dalam tes hasil belajar keterampilan high service sudah selayaknya mempunyai kriteria validitas dan reliabilitas yang memadai sebagai alat ukur yang handal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat validitas dan reliabilitas rubrik penilaian tes hasil belajar keterampilan high service untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. 50 siswa-siswi sekolah dasar dengan rentang usia 11-12 tahun dijadikan sebagai partisipan dalam penelitian ini. Rubrik penilaian yang disusun merujuk pada instrumen tes performance dengan model individual performance assessment. Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu estimasi validitas isi (Lawshe’s CVR), reliabilitas test-retest, reliabilitas antar penilai (Interclass Coefficient Correlation) serta analisis meta rubrik. Hasil analisis menunjukan besaran reliabilitas dan validitas instrumen penilaian sudah menunjukan kriteria baik dengan signifikan (p_value 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian reliabilitas dan validitas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Rubrik penilaian yang disusun dapat digunakan untuk menilai tes hasil belajar keterampilan high service dalam pembelajaran bulutangkis siswa sekolah dasar
Peningkatan Range of Motion (ROM) Pada Lansia Dengan Kasus Knee Osteoarthitis Dengan Menggunakan Latihan Retrowalking di Puskesmas Kendal Kerep
Authors: Wardojo Sri Sunaringish Ika 
Published: July 2022

Latar Belakang: Nyeri sendi atau arthritis merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada lansia dan paling banyak menyebabkan kecacatan. Intervensi Fisioterapi yang ada hingga saat ini hanya berfungsi untuk mengurangi nyeri dan mempertahankan fungsi dari sendi yang terkena. Retrowalking atau yang dikenal dengan jalan mundur merupakan salah satu terapi yang dapat digunakan untuk lansia dengan osteoarthritis knee. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimental dengan rancangan pre dan post test bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas retrowalking untuk peningkatan ROM pada lansia dengan osteoarthritis knee. Populasi penelitian ini adalah lansia di puskesmas Kendal Kerep dengan jumlah sampel 13 orang. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan protokol intervensi menggunakan standart operating procedure. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis menggunakan uji T berpasangan (α = 0,05).Hasil: Hasil analisis uji T berpasangang didapatkan hasil nilai P = 0,001 dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa terdapat efektifitas retrowalking terhadap peningkatan ROM lansia dengan osteoarthritis knee di puskesmas Kendal Kerep.Kesimpulan: Retrowalking memberikan manfaat latihan serta rehabilitasi yang unik. Pada saat berjalan mundur, pada fase swing fleksi lutut cenderung lebih kecil dari pada saat berjalan biasa, hal tersebut mengurangi gerakan lutut saat retrowalking. Penelitian ini diharapkan menambah pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mengenai manfaat retrowalking untuk knee osteoarthritis. Sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai home program.
PENGARUH LATIHAN SHUTTLE RUN DAN SKIPPING ROPE TERHADAP KELINCAHAN SHADOW 6 TITIK CABOR BULUTANGKIS UKM BADMINTON UM
Authors: Berdhika Numero Uno Amaranaya , Adi Sapto , Yunus Mahmud 
Published: July 2022

Dalam penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan shuttle run dan skipping rope terhadap shadow 6 titik cabor bulutangkis UKM Badminton UM. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu pre-experimental two group pretest-posttest design. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 14 atlet. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen tes olah kaki. Data di uji dengan normality test, homogeneity of variance test, dan t test dibantu dengan aplikasi SPSS 25. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan shuttle run dan skipping rope terhadap kelincahan shadow 6 titik, dibuktikan dengan diperoleh nilai sig 0,000<0.05 pada latihan shuttle run dan nilai sig 0,003<0.05 pada latihan skipping rope. Latihan shuttle run memiliki kelebihan dalam efektivitas untuk meningkatkan kelincahan shadow 6 titik dengan diperoleh nilai mean 2.29>1.43 dari latihan skipping rope.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Hernias of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
Authors: Teuvov Aslan Alekseevich , Baziev Arthur M. , Tlakadugova Madina Hagismelovna , Pshukova Elena Mukhadinovna , Sardiyanov Azamat Ibrahimovich 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Surgical interventions for hernias of the anterior abdominal wall are among the most common in pediatric surgical clinics. In newborns, especially premature infants, the frequency of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall is inversely proportional to gestational age and significantly exceeds the rates in older children.
The aim of the study is to compare outcomes of laparoscopic treatment using the Percutaneous Internal Ring Suturing (PIRS) method and conventional methods in newborns with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall.
Materials and methods. Laparoscopic interventions in children older than 2-3 years are gradually becoming the standard of treatment, while in newborns, conventional open methods are more often used to treat hernias of the anterior abdominal wall, which is associated with complexity of the surgical technique, presence of concomitant pathology and a high anesthetic risk. Timing (early or delayed) of hernia surgical correction of the anterior abdominal wall in these patients remains the issue under discussion.
Results. According to the study results, the duration of PIRS surgery was shorter than that of an open surgery. The long duration of laparoscopic surgery, which some surgeons note, is explained by the laparoscopic correction technique the imposition of an intracorporeal suture requires more time and experience of a surgeon. Furthermore, an inverse relationship was found between the weight of a child and the time of laparoscopic intervention.
Conclusion. Laparoscopic treatment of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall with PIRS method in newborns is not easier for the surgeon, but also safer for the patient.
The Functional Regression With Reconstructed Functions From Hybrid Principal Components Analysis: With EEG-fMRI Application
Authors: Fayaz Mohammad , Abadi Alireza , Khodakarim Soheila 
Published: July 2022

Objective: In this article, we reconstruct the hybrid data with hybrid principal component analysis (HPCA) as a feature extraction step and model them with functional regression as a modeling step, and comparing models and choose the best number of HPCA based on the prediction accuracy as an evaluation step. Method: We decompose the hybrid data to the eigencomponents with HPCA. The reconstructed data from HPCA were divided into the training and testing dataset. The function-on-function signal compression and scalar-on-function regressions were used. Three simulation scenarios and their applications in the neuroimaging datasets (EEG-fMRI) were studied. The number of HPCA was selected with the mean squared prediction error (MSPE). Result: The simulation shows that the raw data, reconstructed from the first and all HPCAs for the training dataset has median MSPE 0.1001, 0.0028, and 0.0174 respectively, and for the testing, the dataset has 0.3207, 0.1118, and 0.2484 respectively. The EEG-fMRI suggests that in both auditory and visual tasks and standard and target stimuli for different regions of the brain the first HPCA has the smallest MSPE. Conclusions: We conclude this method improves the prediction accuracy of the experiments with the EEG datasets. And we recommend that instead of using the functional PCA on the desired dimension, reconstruct the data with HPCA and average it on the other two dimensions for functional regression models.