bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
50 years of British accent bias
Authors: Sharma Devyani , Levon Erez , Ye Yang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Do accent biases observed half a century ago (Giles 1970) and 15 years ago (Coupland and Bishop 2007) still hold in Britain today? We provide an updated picture of national attitudes to accent labels by replicating and extending previous studies. Mean ratings and relative rankings of 38 accents for prestige and pleasantness by a large representative sample of the British population (N = 821) attest to a remarkably stable, long-standing hierarchy of accent status. We find little evidence of demotion of conservative prestige varieties or reranking of accents, although we do observe a slight improvement in lower rankings. We focus in detail on age and life stage, finding that most of the age patterns observed in earlier studies were in fact instances of age-grading (lifespan effects), not real-time change in attitude. The midlife phase of life corresponds to conservative shifts in the perception of global, migrant-heritage, and stigmatised varieties. Our findings add change in speech evaluation to the growing body of research on lifespan change in speech production. Finally, although effects of ethnicity, social class, regional self- and other-bias, and age remain firmly in place, earlier gender differences in respondent behaviour have more or less disappeared.
The historical logic of the mode of capital accumulation in Mozambique
Authors: Castel-Branco Carlos Nuno 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article critically analyses the political economy dynamics and trajectory of the mode of capital accumulation in post-independence Mozambique, focusing on the capitalist restructuring that followed the adoption of the Washington Consensus from the late 1980s. The article highlights the main structural characteristics, dynamics and tensions in the economy, the relationships and conflicts that explain why they reproduce and expand, what makes them change and the nature of the crises that emerge. The historical logic of the mode of capital accumulation is explored focusing on the historically built and class-structured conditions of capital accumulation, highlighting linkagency, which is the dynamic relationship between agents and linkages. The historically specific traits of the mode of accumulation in Mozambique are derived from the structures of accumulation and class struggle conditions, both domestic and international. The argument is that the recent trajectory of the Mozambican economy was not inevitable, and that it can be logically understood and derived from the existing historical conditions of accumulation. Understanding this historical logic enables us to articulate socially transformative actions which are drawn from the objective and concrete analysis of the mode of accumulation and its contradictions, countering idealistic perspectives in political economy.
Moment of inertia: tricky ways
Authors: Aghamohammadi Amir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We use dimensional analysis as well as the parallel axis theorem to obtain the moment of inertia for some homogeneous two-dimensional objects. These objects should possess some sort of symmetry: they should have shapes that can be decomposed into smaller copies of themselves. In the second part of the article, it is seen that as the moment of inertia of a composed object is the summation of the moment of inertia of its decomposed parts, this may give us a shortcut to obtaining the moment of inertia of some objects.
Combination regulation of terahertz OAM vortex beams on multi-bit metasurface
Authors: Li Jiu-Sheng , Pan Wei-Mang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High efficiency terahertz orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beam manipulation is of crucial importance for ultra large capacity wireless communication in terahertz frequencies region. We present a silicon-based multi-bit encoded metasurface structure based on convolution and addition theorem to generate flexible regulation of OAM multiple combinations such as vortex beam and beam splitting combination, vortex beam splitting, deflected beam and vortex beam combination. The proposed metasurfaces is composed of periodic array of silicon pillar with quadrangular ridge on top of a metal plate substrate. The advantage of this scheme in producing vortex beam is its simple structure, flexible design and controls to arbitrary presented directions easily. This work provides a new approach to realize powerful and flexible adjustment of terahertz wave.
Steerable chromatic dispersive metalenses in dual bands
Authors: Fu Boyan , Li Tianyue , Zou Xiujuan , Ren Jianzheng , Yuan Quan , Wang Shuming , Cao Xun , Wang Zhenlin , Zhu Shining 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a promising flat optical element, metasurfaces possess the powerful ability to manipulate chromatic dispersion, resulting in achromatic imaging, ultracompact spectrometers, and wavelength-dependent multifunctional nano-devices. However, conventional chromatic metalenses are incapable of arbitrarily tailoring dispersion within different bandwidths. Here, with a supercell composed of two nanostructures, we can arbitrarily control the chromatic dispersion of the metalens by using the phase differential equation and genetic optimization. We design three metalenses to verify the simultaneous tailoring of different chromatic dispersions in dual bands, which exhibits stronger chromatic dispersion manipulation capability compared with a single-structure-cell-based metalens. Our approach paves a new way for dispersion engineering of metalenses with potential applications in spectral imaging and material analysis.
Toward a qualitative connection between the nuclear modification factors of hadrons and their quark component
Authors: Sa Ben-Hao , Zhou Dai-Mei , Yan Yu-Liang , Liu Wen-Di , Hu Shou-Yang , Li Xiao-Mei , Zheng Liang , Chen Gang , Cai Xu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, we propose a method qualitatively connecting the hadron nuclear modification factor to its quark component nuclear modification factor. A parton and hadron cascade model, PACIAE, based on PYTHIA6 is then employed calculating the hadron (in final hadronic state) and its quark component (in final partonic state) nuclear modification factors in the 0%–5% most central Pb + Pb collisions at

s

N
N

= 2.76 TeV. It turns out that the hadron nuclear modification factor is usually smaller than its quark component factor. On the other hand, the flavor (mass) ordering of the nuclear modification factor is investigated for a hadron in the final hadronic state and a quark in the final partonic state. It is found that the nuclear modification factor is more likely to be identified with the quarks and mesons but not with the baryons.
Inducing chiral superconductivity on honeycomb lattice systems
Authors: Alsharari Abdulrhman M , Ulloa Sergio E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Superconductivity in graphene-based systems has recently attracted much attention, as either intrinsic behavior or induced by proximity to a superconductor may lead to interesting topological phases and symmetries of the pairing function. A prominent system considers the pairing to have chiral symmetry. The question arises as to the effect of possible spin–orbit coupling on the resulting superconducting quasiparticle (QP) spectrum. Utilizing a Bogolyubov–de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian, we explore the interplay of different interaction terms in the system, and their role in generating complex Berry curvatures in the QP spectrum, as well as non-trivial topological behavior. We demonstrate that the topology of the BdG Hamiltonian in these systems may result in the appearance of edge states along the zigzag edges of nanoribbons in the appropriate regime. For suitable chemical potential and superconducting pairing strength, we find the appearance of robust midgap states at zigzag edges, well protected by large excitation gaps and momentum transfer.
A method for improving the performance of centering rod surveying based on two-position correction
Authors: Dai Minpeng , Pan Xiong , Yang Yanqiang , Li Zhicheng , Zhu Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To address the problem of a decrease in the measurement accuracy of centering rod surveying as a result of accelerometer bias and scale factor error, a performance improving method for pitch measurement is proposed. The error model of centering rod surveying is built so that the relationship between pitch measurement error and the accelerometer’s bias and scale factor error are clear. Numerical simulations are conducted and the error variation is revealed. A two-position correction method is developed and 12 verification experiments are carried out. After correction, the measurement error is reduced from a few centimeters to submillimeter scale. The experimental results illustrate that the accuracy of the pitch measurement is improved effectively, which meets the requirements for use. Three repeated experiments are carried out; the calculated uncertainties are 0.053%, 0.035% and 0.027% separately, which indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in practical applications. This method can provide some guidance for improving the performance of centering rod surveying.
Improving the dimensional accuracy of 3D x-ray microscopy data
Authors: Villarraga-Gómez Herminso , Kotwal Naomi , Parwani Rachna , Weiß Daniel , Krenkel Martin , Kimmig Wolfgang , Graf Vom Hagen Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractX-ray microscopy instruments have the unique ability to achieve nondestructive imaging with higher spatial resolutions than traditional x-ray computed tomography (CT) systems. This unique ability is of interest to industrial quality control entities, as they deal with small features in precision manufactured parts (with tolerances in the order of±25 µm or better). Since many of today’s technology and manufacturing companies demand increasingly higher levels of precision, accuracy, and reliability for dimensional measurements on feature sizes that are much smaller than 5 mm, it would be ideal to further expand the imaging capabilities of x-ray microscopy to the field of precision metrology. To address such demand, this paper describes the development of a measurement workflow, through a package consisting of hardware and software, to improve the accuracy of dimensional data obtained with 3D x-ray microscopes (XRMs)—also known as sub-micrometer CT systems. The measurement workflow, called Metrology Extension (MTX), was designed to adjust and configure the XRM instrument work-zone to perform dimensional measurement tasks. The main adjustments of an XRM instrument through the MTX workflow, which must be implemented before scanning parts of interest for dimensional evaluation, include applying a distortion map correction on the image projections produced by the x-ray detector and a voxel scale correction. The main purpose of this article is to present, evaluate, and analyze the experimental results of various measurement tests to verify the metrological performance of several XRM systems operating with the MTX workflow. The main results show that these systems can produce repeatable and reproducible measurements, with repeatability standard deviations of the order of 0.1 μm and reproducibility standard deviations of less than 0.5 μm. In addition, coordinate-based 3D XRM measurements produce dimensional accuracies comparable to those offered by high-precision tactile coordinate measurement machines (with deviations within the range of ±0.95 µm). Therefore, once the MTX workflow is executed, XRM instruments can be used to measure small volumes, in the order of (5 mm)3or less, with improved dimensional accuracy.
Interface transport barriers in magnetized plasmas
Authors: Norscini Claudia , Cartier-Michaud Thomas , Dif-Pradalier Guilhem , Garbet Xavier , Ghendrih Philippe , Grandgirard Virginie , Sarazin Yanick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We address the formation of Interface Transport Barriers using a generic turbulent transport model, reduced to 2D, and used to investigate interchange turbulence in magnetized plasmas. The generation of a transport barrier at the edge-scrape off layer (SOL) plasma interface is governed by a zonation regime in the edge region with closed-field lines. The barrier is triggered by a gap in the turbulent spectrum between zero, the zonal flow wave vector, and the wave vector of the spectrum maximum. This gap is controlled by the energy injection wave vector of the interchange instability and the Rhine scale that bounds the inverse cascade. Increasing the magnitude of the turbulence drive at a given gap reinforces the transport barrier. In the interface transport barrier regime, edge relaxation bursts of turbulence regenerate the zonal flows that are eroded by damping processes such as collisions. The duration of the quiescent phase between the quasi-periodic relaxation events is then governed by the ion collision frequency. Such an interface transport barrier can play the role of a seed barrier prior to a full bifurcation to improved confinement.
Determining the fuel ion ratio for D(T) and T(D) plasmas at JET using neutron time-of-flight spectrometry
Authors: Eriksson B , Conroy S , Ericsson G , Eriksson J , Hjalmarsson A , Ghani Z , Carvalho I S , Jepu I , Delabie E , Maslov M , Lennholm M , Rimini F , King D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fusion fuel ion ratio,

n

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n

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, is an important plasma parameter that needs to be tuned to maximize the power of a tokamak type fusion reactor. It is recognized as a parameter required for optimizing several ITER operating scenarios, and will likely be continuously monitored in future high-performance fusion devices such as DEMO. Tritium was recently introduced in the Joint European Torus (JET) plasma for the first time since the 1997 DTE1 and 2003 TTE campaigns, enabling the possibility to investigate fuel ion ratios. We present a method for measuring

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using neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. By fitting the measured neutron spectral features, the relative reaction rate intensities between different ion species can be inferred, from which the fuel ion ratio can be extracted for a corresponding modeled reactivity. Unlike previous measurements of

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using neutron spectrometry, we utilize the neutron energy continuum produced in the three-body TT reaction to determine the fuel ion ratio for plasmas with large concentrations of tritium. Furthermore, the use of neutron TOF spectrometry has never previously been demonstrated for evaluating

n

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/

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. The method is applied to TOF spectra acquired with TOFOR (JET name KM11) and shown to be consistent with the optical JET diagnostic KT5P which uses optical spectroscopy of a modified Penning gauge plasma to measure tritium and deuterium concentrations in the divertor exhaust gas.
Photon yield of superradiant inverse Compton scattering from microbunched electrons
Authors: Schaap B H , de Vos T D C , Smorenburg P W , Luiten O J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Compact x-ray sources offering high-brightness radiation for advanced imaging applications are highly desired. We investigate, analytically and numerically, the photon yield of superradiant inverse Compton scattering from microbunched electrons in the linear Thomson regime, using a classical electrodynamics approach. We show that for low electron beam energy, which is generic to inverse Compton sources, the single electron radiation distribution does not match well to collective amplification pattern induced by a density modulated electron beam. Consequently, for head-on scattering from a visible laser, the superradiant yield is limited by the transverse size of typical electron bunches driving Compton sources. However, by simultaneously increasing the electron beam energy and introducing an oblique scattering geometry, the superradiant yield can be increased by orders of magnitude.
Divergence gating towards far-field isolated attosecond pulses
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhong Conglin , Zhu Shaoping , He Xiantu , Qiao Bin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Divergence gating, a novel method to generate far-field isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) through controlling divergences of different pulses, is proposed and realized by relativistic chirped laser–plasma interactions. Utilizing various wavefronts for different cycles of incident chirped lasers, reflected harmonics with minimum divergences are obtained only at the peak cycle when plasma targets are adjusted to proper distances from foci of lasers. Therefore, the corresponding attosecond pulse is isolated in far field due to much slower decay during propagation than others. Confirmed by three-dimensional numerical simulations, millijoule-level sub-50 as IAPs with intensity approaching 1016 W cm−2 (1017–1018 W sr−1) are obtained by our scheme, where low-order harmonics can be preserved.
Axion-like particle searches with MeerKAT and SKA
Authors: Ayad Ahmed , Beck Geoff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the past few years, the search for axion-like particles (ALPs) has grown significantly due to their potential to account for the total abundance of the cold dark matter (CDM) in the universe. The coupling between ALPs and photons allows the spontaneous decay of ALPs into pairs of photons. For ALPs condensed in CDM halos around galaxies, the stimulated decay of ALPs is also possible. In this work, we examine the detectability of the radio emissions produced from this process with forthcoming radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and MeerKAT. Our results, using recent more realistic sensitivity estimates, show that previous non-observation upper-limits projected for the SKA were highly optimistic, with the limits from dwarf galaxy observations being weakened by an order of magnitude at least. Notably, our results also depend far more strongly on ALP mass than previously, due to the inclusion of frequency dependent degradation effects. We show that the strongest potential environment to probe ALPs is nearby radio galaxies (due to the strong photon enhancement factor). In addition, with the use of a visibility taper, ALPs in the mass range of 4.96 × 10-7 − 1.04 × 10-4 eV would have non-observation upper limits on the ALP-photon gaγ
in the range of 1.83 × 10-12 − 7.69 × 10-10 GeV-1 with SKA. MeerKAT can only produce limits similar to the CAST experiment within 50 hours of observation. Finally, we demonstrate that magnetic conversion of CDM ALPs to photons, in galactic magnetic fields, is highly sub-dominant, even to spontaneous decay.
Lattice simulation of multi-stream inflation
Authors: Cai Tingqi , Jiang Jie , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the first lattice simulation to investigate the nature of multi-stream inflation. The simulation confirms the physical picture of multi-stream inflation, and with new findings in parameter space and field behaviors. Our simulation shows that gradient energy plays a significant role in multi-stream inflation. For a double field potential with a shifted Gaussian barrier, bifurcation probability is controlled by the shift distance with an error function relation. The bubbles created by bifurcation tend to be more spherical as bifurcation probability decreases. Also, the bifurcation is more likely to introduce oscillations of field values inside the bubbles than outside.
Concurrent stimulation and sensing in bi-directional brain interfaces: a multi-site translational experience
Authors: Ansó Juan , Benjaber Moaad , Parks Brandon , Parker Samuel , Oehrn Carina Renate , Petrucci Matthew , Gilron Ro’ee , Little Simon , Wilt Robert , Bronte-Stewart Helen , Gunduz Aysegul , Borton David , Starr Philip A , Denison Timothy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. To provide a design analysis and guidance framework for the implementation of concurrent stimulation and sensing during adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) with particular emphasis on artifact mitigations. Approach. We defined a general architecture of feedback-enabled devices, identified key components in the signal chain which might result in unwanted artifacts and proposed methods that might ultimately enable improved aDBS therapies. We gathered data from research subjects chronically-implanted with an investigational aDBS system, Summit RC + S, to characterize and explore artifact mitigations arising from concurrent stimulation and sensing. We then used a prototype investigational implantable device, DyNeuMo, and a bench-setup that accounts for tissue–electrode properties, to confirm our observations and verify mitigations. The strategies to reduce transient stimulation artifacts and improve performance during aDBS were confirmed in a chronic implant using updated configuration settings. Main results. We derived and validated a ‘checklist’ of configuration settings to improve system performance and areas for future device improvement. Key considerations for the configuration include (a) active instead of passive recharge, (b) sense-channel blanking in the amplifier, (c) high-pass filter settings, (d) tissue–electrode impedance mismatch management, (e) time-frequency trade-offs in the classifier, (f) algorithm blanking and transition rate limits. Without proper channel configuration, the aDBS algorithm was susceptible to limit-cycles of oscillating stimulation independent of physiological state. By applying the checklist, we could optimize each block’s performance characteristics within the overall system. With system-level optimization, a ‘fast’ aDBS prototype algorithm was demonstrated to be feasible without reentrant loops, and with noise performance suitable for subcortical brain circuits. Significance. We present a framework to study sources and propose mitigations of artifacts in devices that provide chronic aDBS. This work highlights the trade-offs in performance as novel sensing devices translate to the clinic. Finding the appropriate balance of constraints is imperative for successful translation of aDBS therapies.

Clinical trial: Institutional Review Board and Investigational Device Exemption numbers: NCT02649166/IRB201501021 (University of Florida), NCT04043403/IRB52548 (Stanford University), NCT03582891/IRB1824454 (University of California San Francisco). IDE #180 097.