bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enamel Matrix Derivative Use in Dentistry: An Update
Authors: Daldry Michael , Shah Jaini , McColl Ewen , Witton Rob 
Published: April 2022

Following a review of periodontal wound healing, this article discusses techniques designed to optimise periodontal wound healing, including guided-tissue regeneration and periodontal regeneration using enamel matrix derivatives. Enamel matrix derivatives are porcine derived, and are thought to stimulate differentiation, proliferation, migration and mineralization in cells found in periodontal tissues. This article charts the development in surgical techniques to optimise outcomes from regenerative techniques, in addition to explaining complications and how they can be avoided. Recent research relating to use of enamel matrix derivatives as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy is described, and while the evidence is limited to a single research study, the present article discusses the potential use of this technique in practice, accepting that a cost–benefit analysis would be required for individual patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An update for practitioners on developments in use of enamel matrix derivatives in dentistry to allow informed decision-making on the utility and value of using flapless techniques.
New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Zaric Svetislav , Ide Mark , Nibali Luigi 
Published: April 2022

Throughout our lives, we continuously encounter micro-organisms that range from those essential for health, to those causing diseases. The oral cavity is permanently colonized by micro-organisms and our immune system has a challenging role in maintaining oral homeostasis by balancing its responses to this unique microbiota, while preserving the structural integrity of oral tissues. This article discusses relationships between oral microbial community structure and activity, specifically addressing the role of low-abundance microbial species and their interplay with the host immune system, in view of the pathogenesis of dental plaque-induced periodontal conditions. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The knowledge of periodontal disease pathogenesis is critical for understanding periodontal risk assessment and designing effective, patient-centred treatment options.
A Difficult Diagnosis of Spontaneous Lower Lip Numbness
Authors: Patel Nisma , Zebic Lara , Patel Vinod 
Published: April 2022

Lymphomas in the head and neck region (HNR) can be a diagnostic challenge owing to their indistinctive oral manifestations that frequently mimic other pathologies. This case report highlights a young male who experienced spontaneous paraesthesia of his lower lip with an accompanied localized dull ache. Initial clinical examination and investigations were inconclusive. A definitive diagnosis of extranodal low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was only confirmed after the second incisional biopsy, which was 15 months after onset of symptoms. This report offers insight of NHL in the HNR and its clinical presentation. It aims to improve awareness amongst dental practitioners to aid early diagnosis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should consider lymphomas as a differential diagnosis for unexplained symptoms, including paraesthesia, mucosal ulceration and soft tissue swelling.
3D Sequencing and Protocols in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery: Delivering Predictable Results
Authors: Mohamedbhai Hussein , Chan Abigail , Visavadia Bhavin 
Published: April 2022

The complex nature of head and neck anatomy poses a significant challenge in facial reconstruction, both in functional and aesthetic outcomes. This necessitates that any resection of disease and reconstruction should not only consider the defect, but also the changes in appearance, speech and swallow. High-fidelity 3D planning improves both the outcomes of the resection and the reconstruction. This article presents an up-to-date review of the literature of the role of 3D planning, the stages and requirements of how to sequence head and neck reconstructions, and the future role of 3D planning. We outline the advantages that 3D sequencing affords both the patient and the surgeon, alongside a case report. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The latest advances in oral cancer planning and reconstruction are described and a step-by-step guide to 3D sequencing and planning reconstruction is provided.
Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared in Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. Root Extract
Authors: Thottoli Abdul Kareem , P.I. Ameera , P. Ajitha , C. Vrinda , K. Karamunnisa , M.H. Thamanna Shaharbanu , T.P. Sajna , K.T. Arshadha , Al-Akraa Islam M , Mohammad Ahmad M. , S. Chandramohan 
Published: April 2022

<p><span lang="EN-IN">The root extract of the locally available <em>Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. </em>was used with the ZnO precursors to study the effect of the <em>Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. </em> extract on the growth and optical absorption behaviour of the ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in various concentrations of<em> Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. </em>root extract. X-ray diffraction studies show that the prepared samples consist of nanocrystallites of having sizes in the range between 17 nm to 26 nm. The optical absorption studies reveal that the eco-dying on ZnO nanoparticles using <em>Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.</em> root extract has enhanced the optical absorption behaviour of ZnO to the visible region of the spectrum.</span></p>
“One feels anger to know there is no one to help us!”. Perceptions of mothers of children with Zika virus-associated microcephaly in Caribbean Colombia: A qualitative study
Authors: Marbán-Castro Elena , Enguita-Fernàndez Cristina , Romero-Acosta Kelly Carolina , Arrieta Germán J. , Marín-Cos Anna , Mattar Salim , Menéndez Clara , Maixenchs Maria , Bardají Azucena 
Published: April 2022

Background
The epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) was associated with a sudden and unprecedented increase in infants born with microcephaly. Colombia was the second most affected country by the epidemic in the Americas. Primary caregivers of children with ZIKV-associated microcephaly, their mothers mainly, were at higher risk of suffering anxiety and depression. Often, these women were stigmatized and abandoned by their partners, relatives, and communities.

Methodology/Principal findings
This study aimed to understand the perceptions about ZIKV infection among mothers of children born with microcephaly during the ZIKV epidemic in Caribbean Colombia, and the barriers and facilitators affecting child health follow-up. An exploratory qualitative study, based on Phenomenology and Grounded Theory, was conducted in Caribbean Colombia. Data were collected through In-Depth Interviews (IDI) from women who delivered a baby with microcephaly during the ZIKV epidemic at Clínica Salud Social, Sincelejo, Sucre District (N = 11). The themes that emerged during the interviews included experiences from their lives before pregnancy; knowledge about ZIKV; experiences and perceptions when diagnosed; considering a possible termination of pregnancy, and children’s clinical follow-up. In some cases, women reported having been told they were having a baby with microcephaly but decided not to terminate the pregnancy; while in other cases, women found out about their newborn’s microcephaly condition only at birth. The main barriers encountered by participants during children’s follow-up included the lack of psychosocial and economic support, the stigmatization and abandonment by some partners and relatives, and the frustration of seeing the impaired development of their children.

Conclusions
This study contributed to identifying the social, medical, psychological, and economic needs of families with children affected by the ZIKV epidemic. Commitment and action by local and national governments, and international bodies, is required to ensure sustained and quality health services by affected children and their families.
Delirium diagnosis without a gold standard: Evaluating diagnostic accuracy of combined delirium assessment tools
Authors: Moss Stephana J. , Hee Lee Chel , Doig Christopher J. , Whalen-Browne Liam , Stelfox Henry T. , Fiest Kirsten M. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundFluctuating course of delirium and complexities of ICU care mean delirium symptoms are hard to identify or commonly confused with other disorders. Delirium is difficult to diagnose, and clinicians and researchers may combine assessments from multiple tools. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of different combinations of delirium assessments performed in each enrolled patient.MethodsData were obtained from a previously conducted cross-sectional study. Eligible adult patients who remained admitted to ICU for >24 hours with at least one family member present were consecutively enrolled as patient-family dyads. Clinical delirium assessments (Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist [ICSDC] and Confusion Assessment Method-ICU [CAM-ICU]) were completed twice daily by bedside nurse or trained research assistant, respectively. Family delirium assessments (Family Confusion Assessment Method and Sour Seven) were completed once daily by family members. We pooled all delirium assessment tools in a single two-class latent model and pairwise (i.e., combined, clinical or family assessments) Bayesian analyses.ResultsSeventy-three patient-family dyads were included. Among clinical delirium assessments, the ICDSC had lower sensitivity (0.72; 95% Bayesian Credible [BC] interval 0.54–0.92) and higher specificity (0.90; 95%BC, 0.82–0.97) using Bayesian analyses compared to pooled latent class analysis and CAM-ICU had higher sensitivity (0.90; 95%BC, 0.70–1.00) and higher specificity (0.94; 95%BC, 0.80–1.00). Among family delirium assessments, the Family Confusion Assessment Method had higher sensitivity (0.83; 95%BC, 0.71–0.92) and higher specificity (0.93; 95%BC, 0.84–0.98) using Bayesian analyses compared to pooled latent class analysis and the Sour Seven had higher specificity (0.85; 95%BC, 0.67–0.99) but lower sensitivity (0.64; 95%BC 0.47–0.82).ConclusionsResults from delirium assessment tools are often combined owing to imperfect reference standards for delirium measurement. Pairwise Bayesian analyses that explicitly accounted for each tool’s (performed within same patient) prior sensitivity and specificity indicate that two combined clinical or two combined family delirium assessment tools have fair diagnostic accuracy.
Assessment of self-rated health: The relative importance of physiological, mental, and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Hamplová Dana , Klusáček Jan , Mráček Tomáš 
Published: April 2022

Background
The general self-rated health (SRH) question is the most common health measure employed in large population surveys. This study contributes to research on the concurrent validity of SRH using representative data with biomarkers from the Czech Republic, a population not previously used to assess the SRH measure. This work determines the relative contribution of biomedical and social characteristics to an individual’s SRH assessment. Studies have already explored the associations between SRH and markers of physical health. However, according to a PubMed systematic literature search, the issue of the relative importance of physiological and psychosocial factors that affect individuals’ assessments of their SRH has generally been neglected.

Methodology/Principal findings
Using data from a specialized epidemiological survey of the Czech population (N = 1021), this study adopted ordinary least squares regression to analyze the extent to which variance in SRH is explained by biomedical measures, mental health, health behavior, and socioeconomic characteristics. This analysis showed that SRH variance can be largely attributed to biomedical and psychological measures. Socioeconomic characteristics (i.e. marital status, education, economic activity, and household income) contributed to around 5% of the total variance. After controlling for age, sex, location, and socioeconomic status, biomarkers (i.e. C-reactive protein, blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), number of medical conditions, and current medications explained 11% of the total SRH variance. Mental health indicators contributed to an additional 9% of the variance. Body mass index and health behaviors (i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption) explained less than 2% of the variance.

Conclusions/Significance
The results suggested that SRH was a valid measure of physiological and mental health in the Czech sample, and the observed differences were likely to have reflected inequalities in bodily and mental functions between social groups.
Teletherapy and hospitalizations in patients with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Sánchez-Guarnido Antonio José , Urquiza Beatriz Machado , Sánchez Maria del Mar Soler , Masferrer Carmen , Perles Francisca , Petkari Eleni 
Published: April 2022

Background
Interventions with patients with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) had to adapt rapidly to the COVID-19 safety restrictive measures, leading to the widespread use of teletherapy as an alternative.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to compare the use of different intervention modalities with patients with SMI during the first wave of the pandemic and examine their association with emergency hospital visits and hospitalization rates six months later.

Methods
Records of 270 service users of fifteen outpatient mental health services across Spain, were retrospectively assessed. We retrieved clinical data and data on the modality of intervention received (in-person, over the phone, videoconferencing) in three time points (before, during and after the first COVID-19 wave). Also, data were retrieved regarding the frequency of their emergency hospital visits and hospitalization rates, two, four and six months later.

Results
During the first wave of the pandemic, teletherapy (over the phone and videoconferencing) was the modality most widely used, whilst in-person therapy sessions were significantly reduced, though they seemed to return to pre-COVID levels after the first wave had passed. Importantly, patients receiving teletherapy during the first wave seemed to have significantly fewer emergency visits and hospitalization rates four and six months later (χ2 = 13.064; p < .001). Multilevel analyses revealed that patients receiving videoconferencing interventions had fewer hospitalizations six months after the first wave (OR = 0.25; p = .012).

Conclusions
Under challenging circumstances as those created by the COVID pandemic, teletherapy is a useful tool for protection against hospitalizations and can be used as an alternative to in-person therapy, to ensure continuity of care for patients with SMI.
Pirikool® 300 CS, a new long-lasting capsule suspension formulation of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl for indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors
Authors: Fongnikin Augustin , Odjo Abibath , Akpi Joel , Kiki Laurette , Ngufor Corine 
Published: April 2022

Background
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) using a capsule suspension formulation of the organophosphate insecticide, pirimiphos-methyl, has provided substantial malaria control in many communities in Africa. However, only one brand of this product has been recommended by the World Health Organisation for IRS. To help increase the diversity of the portfolio of IRS insecticides and offer suitable options to procurers and malaria vector control programmes, additional product brands of this highly effective and long-lasting insecticide formulation for IRS will be needed.

Methods
We evaluated the efficacy of Pirikool® 300CS, a new capsule suspension formulation of pirimiphos-methyl developed by Tianjin Yorkool, International Trading, Co., Ltd in standard WHO laboratory bioassays and experimental hut studies. The efficacy of the insecticide applied at 1000mg/m2 was assessed in laboratory bioassays for 6 months on cement, plywood and mud block substrates and for 12 months in cement and mud-walled experimental huts against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Covè, Benin. Actellic® 300CS, a WHO-recommended capsule suspension formulation of pirimiphos-methyl was also tested. WHO cylinder tests were performed to determine the frequency of insecticide resistance in the wild vector population during the hut trial.

Results
The vector population at the hut station was resistant to pyrethroids but susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl. Overall mortality rates of wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) entering Pirikool®300CS treated experimental huts during the 12-month trial were 86.7% in cement-walled huts and 88% in mud-walled huts. Mortality of susceptible An. gambiae (Kisumu) and pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. (Covè) mosquitoes in monthly wall cone bioassays on Pirikool® 300CS treated hut walls remained over 80% for 10–12 months. The laboratory bioassays corroborated the hut findings with Pirikool® 300CS on mud and wood block substrates but not on cement block substrates.

Conclusion
Indoor residual spraying with Pirikool® 300CS induced high and prolonged mortality of wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors for 10–12 months. Addition of Pirikool®300CS to the current portfolio of IRS insecticides will provide an extra choice of microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl for IRS.
Surveillance After Treatment of Barrett's Esophagus Benefits Those With High-Grade Dysplasia or Intramucosal Cancer Most
Authors: Cotton Cary C. , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Endoscopic eradication therapy with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic mucosal resection is a safe and effective treatment for Barrett's esophagus. Although the outcomes of surveillance endoscopy after successful endoscopic eradication therapy have been described, no previous studies have modeled the natural history or the effect of surveillance endoscopy after successful ablation to prevent progression to invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma.

METHODS:
The US RFA Registry is a multicenter registry consisting of patients treated with RFA for Barrett's esophagus at 148 institutions (113 community-based and 35 academic-affiliated). The authors fit models to impute the natural history of recurrence and neoplastic progression after any recurrence or retreatment. Natural history estimates of invasive adenocarcinoma after ablation therapy were compared with as-treated estimates at 5 years to derive the preventive risk difference for surveillance.

RESULTS:
Natural history estimates for the postablation progression of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or intramucosal adenocarcinoma to invasive adenocarcinoma after treatment were 6.3% at 5 years compared with 1.3% for low-grade dysplasia (LGD). The natural history model found a much higher preventative risk difference for surveillance for HGD/intramucosal adenocarcinoma (−4.8%), compared with LGD (−1.1%). The numbers needed to surveil at 5 years were 21 and 90 for these groups, respectively, to prevent one case of invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma, making surveillance after successful ablation of baseline HGD more than 4 times as effective at preventing invasive cancer than after successful ablation of baseline LGD.

DISCUSSION:
Endoscopic surveillance after successful ablation of baseline HGD or intramucosal cancer is much more effective than surveillance after successful treatment of baseline LGD in averting invasive adenocarcinoma. Although the modest benefits of surveillance for treated LGD may be greater than the risks for patients at average risk for adverse effects of endoscopy, clinicians should concentrate on retaining patients with baseline HGD or cancer in endoscopic surveillance programs.
Peculiarities of radio emission from new pulsars at 111 MHz
Authors: Teplykh Daria , Malofeev Valery , Malov Oleg , Tyul’bashev Sergey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The analysis of radio emission of three new pulsars discovered at the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory is presented. The detailed observations were carried out at a frequency of 111 MHz using the large phase array and the standard digital receiver with a total bandwidth of 2.245 MHz and a time resolution of 2.46 or 5.12 ms. All pulsars exhibit features of their radiation, the subpulse drift is observed in J0220+3622, the flare activity is exhibited in J0303+2248, and the nulling phenomenon has been detected in J0810+3725.
Dynamic behavior of CO2 adsorption from CH4 mixture in a packed bed of SAPO-34 by CFD-based modeling
Authors: Hoghooghi Bonyad Ahmad , Fatemi Shohreh , Mansourpour Zahra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, a dynamic non-isothermal adsorption process of CH4 and CO2 in a fixed bed of SAPO-34 particles was modeled by coupled DEM-CFD. This Euler–Lagrange method gives access to specification of each adsorbent pellet including location, temperature and concentrations, and facilitates study of phenomena like adsorption. Transport phenomena including heat and mass transfer in fluid and between solid and gas were taken into account. Eventually the model was validated by experimental results of breakthrough curve. Especially near wall channeling effect and the role of inlet feed velocity on the bed efficiency were addressed in this work. Local and bulk porosity values calculated using DEM model showed an acceptable agreement with previous empirical equations. Results indicated that this coupled method can be applied as a promising tool to study the mass transfer zone and efficiency of the adsorption process. The results revealed that as the feed continues to flow into the column, the lower layers of the adsorbent particles become practically saturated and then the mass transfer zone starts moving upward to a region of fresher adsorbent in the column. Also, the results showed that, at a low inlet velocity with a low Peclet number (Pe = 0.195), channeling effect is reduced and the diffusion mechanism controls the mass transfer. However, HETP enhances with increase in the feed gas velocity (Pe = 2.25) as well as increase in deviation from plug flow regime, and consequently the adsorption efficiency decreases. HETP decreases drastically at the beginning with increase in interstitial velocity. Increase in the interstitial velocity beyond a particular value of 0.5 cm s−1 leads to increase in the HETP value. This trend and presence of a minimum in this graph were explained based on Van Deemter concept.
Control logic algorithm to create gaps for mixed traffic: A comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Alanazi Fayez , Yi Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, the increase in the number of vehicles has affected traffic performance, causing traffic congestion. However, intersections, where different flows intersect, are among the primary causes of traffic congestion besides bottlenecks. Bottlenecking in the minor stream is mainly due to the extended queueing, specifically due to minimal gaps in the mainline stream as the intersection’s high priority exists with the major stream. This research aims to control connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to help generate additional usable gaps for the minor road vehicles to enter the intersection without interrupting the mainline traffic flow. A probability function is developed to estimate the probability of CAVs creating additional usable gaps. The proposed logic is simulated in unsignalized and semi-actuated signalized intersections, and a field investigation is conducted. Simulation results show that the minor road delays and queue length are minimized without causing a significant delay to the mainline. Results show that major road interruptions are reduced at a semi-actuated signal control scenario when CAVs’ penetration increases. It can be observed that deploying CAVs in the road network with the proposed method can positively impact traffic efficiency, where the intersection’s performance and safety are improved.