bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of electronic interventions on guideline concordant ordering of rituximab infusion rate
Authors: Moser Katherine A , Knoebel Randall W , Roth Connor , Parsad Sandeep , Schlei Zachary 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Rituximab carries a boxed warning for severe or fatal infusion reactions; most occurring with the initial infusion. Prior studies established that if the initial rituximab infusion is tolerated, subsequent infusions can be given safely over 90 min. The University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) did not have a standardized method to document infusion reactions for outpatient chemotherapy patients, making it challenging for providers to know a patients’ eligibility for rapid infusion. This quality improvement project focused on a series of interventions to improve documentation and electronic ordering of rituximab. Methods A flowsheet for nurses to record patients’ tolerance of chemotherapy infusions was created within the electronic health record (EHR). Following results of flowsheet impact, a second intervention was implemented to modify ordering of rituximab. The primary endpoint was the incidence of guideline concordant rate ordering of rituximab. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of accurate chair time scheduling pre- and post-interventions and nursing compliance with flowsheet documentation. Results Prior to flowsheet implementation, 85% of patients were infused at the guideline concordant rate, compared to 79% post-implementation. Prior to modification of rituximab ordering in the EHR, 85% of patients were infused at the guideline concordant rate, compared to 87% after implementation. Complete nursing documentation was done 89% of the time when the flowsheet was utilized, compared to 11% pre-interventions. Conclusion No difference in primary or secondary endpoints was found following our interventions. However, the infusion documentation flowsheet, when used, provided more complete reaction data compared to when it was not used.
Posterior lamellar keratectomy for recalcitrant deep stromal keratitis: A case report
Authors: Parmar Gautam Singh , Jain Divya , Borde Prashant , Meena Ashok 
Published: February 2022

Purpose To describe a new technique for management of recalcitrant deep stromal keratitis using posterior lamellar keratectomy. Methods A 66-year-old pseudophakic male presented with deep stromal corneal infiltrates, extending from 2 to 4 o’clock in the vicinity of the limbus of the left eye, 3 months after phacoemulsification. The infiltrates failed to respond to empirical topical medications, anterior chamber wash and intrastromal injection. Posterior lamellar keratectomy was done to debulk the infectious load. In this technique the diseased posterior lamella was excised through a sclerocorneal lamellar pocket without a donor graft. Results The infection subsided within 2 weeks after posterior lamellar keratectomy. Patient achieved best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/60 with complete resolution of symptoms at 2 weeks follow up. Till the last follow-up at 6 months, the patient maintained BCVA of 20/60 with no sign of recurrence or corneal decompensation at the keratectomy site. Conclusion Posterior lamellar keratectomy is a simple, effective and inexpensive technique for management of small, peripheral, deep-seated recalcitrant keratitis. It leads to radical treatment of the disease like therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty but in a less invasive manner and without a donor graft.
Word order and information structure in heritage and L2 Russian: Focus and unaccusativity effects in subject inversion
Authors: Laleko Oksana 
Published: February 2022

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The study’s main objective is to investigate the effects of information structure and verb type on the acceptability of canonical and non-canonical word order patterns in baseline, heritage, and L2 Russian in a controlled experimental setting. In particular, the study examines the bilinguals’ sensitivity to extralinguistic (subject focus) and intralinguistic (unaccusativity) triggers of subject–verb inversion in Russian. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a contextualized acceptability judgment task with unaccusative, unergative, and transitive predicates. In each condition, ratings for SV(O) and (O)VS structures are elicited in broad-focus and narrow-subject-focus contexts. Data and analysis: Data come from adult English-Russian bilinguals: heritage speakers at two proficiency levels ( n = 27) and L2 learners ( n = 15), compared to monolingual Russian speakers ( n = 15). Welch’s unequal variances t-tests are utilized in the statistical analysis of the results. Findings/conclusions: Bilinguals generally under-accept inverted structures. With intransitive predicates, heritage speakers in the higher proficiency group are sensitive to the effects of unaccusativity, but not focus, on the occurrence of VS orders. However, with transitive predicates, higher proficiency heritage speakers demonstrate a target-like contrast in their ratings of OVS structures under broad and narrow focus. No clear effects of unaccusativity or focus are attested in the lower proficiency heritage or L2 speakers’ judgments of inverted orders. Originality: This is the first study to compare the effects of unaccusativity and focus on word order variation in baseline, heritage, and L2 Russian and to examine subject focus in both intransitive and transitive structures. Significance/Implications: The differential effects of subject focus obtained in the intransitive and transitive conditions indicate that heritage speakers do not experience a generalized difficulty with information-structure marking through word order. While intralinguistic word order cues seem more accessible to early bilinguals than extralinguistic cues, heritage speakers are able to attend to the latter when their visibility is enhanced in discourse.
Determinants of health care seeking behavior for childhood infectious diseases and malnutrition: A slum-based survey from Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Sumaiya , Banna Md. Hasan Al , Brazendale Keith , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Kundu Satyajit , Disu Tasnim Rahman , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Tareq Md. Abu , Hassan Md. Nazmul , Islam Khan Md. Shafiqul 
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to explore the magnitude and determinants of health care seeking behaviors for common infectious disease and malnutrition among Bangladeshi under-five children living in slum areas. A cross-sectional study of 300 children-caregiver dyads was conducted in an urban slum of Bangladesh. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire with accompanying anthropometric assessments of children administered by research staff. Multiple logistic regression was employed to identify associated factors of health care seeking behaviors. Only 44.7% and 13.0% of respondents sought care for childhood infectious diseases and malnutrition, respectively. Being a male child, 2–5 years old, having ≤5 family members, monthly family income >125$, and living in close proximity to a health facility were found to be potential determinants of health care seeking behavior for childhood infectious diseases. Mother/caregivers with poor nutritional information knowledge and who had a child 2–5 years old reported engaging in less care seeking behaviors regarding their child’s malnutrition compared to their counterparts. Caregivers of children under the age of 5 years old reported low participation in health care seeking behaviors in relation to childhood infectious disease and malnutrition. Families living in slums require additional support targeting health and nutritional educational programs.
Challenges faced by informal caregivers of patients in a Nigerian hospital and implications for social work
Authors: Chukwu Ngozi , Agwu Prince , Ajibo Henry , Aronu Ngozi 
Published: February 2022

Summary Unlike in the global-north where care of hospital in-patients is within the remit of the nursing and social care staff, the burden of care in most Nigerian hospitals is borne by informal caregivers who are relatives, family members or friends of the in-patients. Their unpaid roles in ensuring health and wellbeing of in-patients cannot be overstated, yet they remain often invisible to and unappreciated by hospital authorities. We used in-depth interviews to glean lived experiences of 24 informal caregivers in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This study adopted phenomenology as its overall theoretical underpinning that guided data collection and analysis. As also recommended by phenomenology, thematic clusters were employed for analysis. Findings The narratives of the respondents revealed that caregiving constitutes a lot of ordeals which are worsened by some unwholesome conditions in the hospital for informal caregivers who seem to be left to fend for themselves. Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews which are, challenges of informal caregivers, conditions that exacerbate the challenges, and steps to improve coping capacities. Applications Informal caregivers remain an essential force in the care of hospitalised patients yet are poorly attended to by healthcare authorities. There is a need to pay attention to their needs through a comprehensive health policy to accommodate them as a priority concern in the care of patients. Social workers can be meaningful in scaling up responses and response plans to that effect. Hence, the need to advance the professionalisation of social work in Nigeria deserves speedier attention.
The relationship between the elevation of haemoglobin A1c level, sleep quality and sleep duration in clinically diagnosed pre-diabetic patients in a nationally representative sample
Authors: Kass Lindsy , Sanderson Julia C , Desai Terun , Hurst Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Background/objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the United Kingdom accounting for approximately 15% of deaths per year. Growing evidence suggests that sleep duration and quality contributes towards this. This study aimed to determine whether there was a significant relationship between the elevation of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, sleep quality (SQ) and sleep duration (SD) in clinically diagnosed pre-diabetic patients. Subjects/methods Following referral from a relevant healthcare professional, participants ( n = 40) were registered on the National Health Service England, funded Healthier You: National Diabetes Prevention Programme and completed a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire to evaluate SQ and SD. Results A Spearman’s correlation showed an association between HbA1c, SQ and SD measures. A simple linear regression showed a significant large positive association (rs = 0.913, p < 0.001) and significant regression (F (1) = 39, p < 0.001) with an R2 of 0.842 between HbA1c level and SQ. Additionally, a significant large negative association (rs = 0.757, p < 0.001) and significant regression was found (F (1) = 39, p < 0.001) with an R2 of 0.570 between HbA1c and SD. Conclusions This study suggests a relationship between SQ, SD and the elevation of HbA1c which may contribute towards prevalence of T2DM and may help to increase adherence to diabetes prevention programmes.
Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter as a noninvasive marker for intracranial hypotension
Authors: Wang Li-juan , Zhang Ying , Li Cong , Liu Ying , Dong Ya-nan , Cui Li , Xing Ying-qi 
Published: February 2022

Background: Invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) can result in complications, pain, or even aggravate intracranial hypotension (IH) or headache in patients with IH. Objective: To investigate whether ultrasonographic measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) could serve as a noninvasive IH marker. Methods: Ultrasonographic ONSD was measured prior to lumbar puncture (LP) and ONSD measurements compared to LP’s opening pressure. We analyzed correlations between ONSD and ICP and determined the optimal ONSD cut-off point for IH. According to their LP on admission, patients were divided into three groups: IH group, normal ICP group, and elevated ICP group. Correlations between ONSD and ICP were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the optimal cut-off point for IH. Results: In total, 136 subjects (75 men, 55.1% men) were included, and 1088 ONSDs were measured. The ONSD of the IH group (2.96 ± 0.15 mm) was significantly lower than that of the normal (3.59 ± 0.33 mm) and elevated ICP groups (4.90 ± 0.42 mm, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in ONSD within all groups ( p < 0.001), and the differences between the two groups were also statistically significant. ONSD and ICP values were strongly correlated, with an r = 0.952 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.924–0.969; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, waistline, and head circumference, ONSD was positively associated with ICP. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.990 (95% CI: 0.975–1.000). The ONSD cut-off point for identifying decreased opening pressure on LP was 3.15 mm, with 98.3% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic ONSD may be a noninvasive, valuable, and easy-to-perform bedside technology for evaluating IH.
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of an Education Program for Primary Care Teams on Discussing Firearms Storage Safety with Veterans
Authors: Dobscha Steven K , Clark Khaya D , Karras Elizabeth , Simonetti Joseph A , Newell Summer , Kenyon Emily A , Elliott Victoria , Boster Jennie , Gerrity Martha 
Published: February 2022

Background Reducing access to lethal means is one of the few empirically supported approaches for lowering suicide rates, and safe firearms storage practices have been associated with reduced risk of death by suicide. Although there is substantial opportunity for primary care to assist in addressing lethal means with veterans, approaches to intervention and educating staff are not well documented. We sought to 1) describe development of an education program for primary care teams to help them discuss firearms storage safety (FSS) with veterans during primary care visits; and 2) conduct a preliminary evaluation of the pilot education program. Methods We used an iterative process involving veterans and primary care staff stakeholders to develop program content, format, and supplemental materials. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze data from focus groups and individual interviews. Following piloting of the program with 71 staff members in two primary care clinics, we analyzed pre- and post-training participant surveys of program satisfaction and attitudes comfort related to firearms safety discussions. Results During the development phase, 68 veterans and 107 staff members participated in four veteran focus groups and four primary care focus groups, respectively, and/or individual interviews. The program that was developed, “‘ Just in Case’: Discussing means safety with veterans at elevated risk for suicide,” addresses knowledge and skills learning objectives, and includes video demonstrations and skills practice. Survey data obtained just prior to the pilot training sessions showed low self-reported rates of discussing firearms safety with veterans who may be at elevated risk for suicide. Immediate post-training data showed generally high satisfaction with the program and significant improvements in participant self-reported ratings of the importance of, and comfort with FSS. Conclusions This interactive knowledge and skill-based means safety curriculum shows promise as a means for educating primary care staff to deliver messaging about firearms safety to veterans. Additional research is needed to refine and evaluate impacts of this or similar training programs on clinician and veteran behaviors over time.
Early Domestication History of Asian Rice Revealed by Mutations and Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Genealogies
Authors: Lu Yingqing , Xu Yunzhang , Li Nan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been a model plant but its cultivation history is inadequately understood, and its origin still under debate. Several enigmas remain, including how this annual crop shifted its growth habit from its perennial ancestor, O. rufipogon, why genetic divergence between indica and japonica appears older than the history of human domestication, and why some domestication genes do not show signals of introgression between subgroups. Addressing these issues may benefit both basic research and rice breeding.

Results
Gene genealogy-based mutation (GGM) analysis shows that history of Asian rice is divided into two phases (Phase I and II) of about equal lengths. Mutations occurred earlier than the partition of indica and japonica to Os genome mark Phase-I period. We diagnosed 91 such mutations among 101 genes sampled across 12 chromosomes of Asian rice and its wild relatives. Positive selection, detected more at 5′ regions than at coding regions of some of the genes, involved 22 loci (e.g., An-1, SH4, Rc, Hd3a, GL3.2, OsMYB3, OsDFR, and OsMYB15), which affected traits from easy harvesting, grain color, flowering time, productivity, to likely taste and tolerance. Phase-I mutations of OsMYB3, OsHd3a and OsDFR were experimentally tested and all caused enhanced functions of the genes in vivo. Phase-II period features separate cultivations, lineage-specific selection, and expanded domestication to more genes. Further genomic analysis, along with phenotypic comparisons, indicates that O. sativa is hybrid progeny of O. rufipogon and O. nivara, inherited slightly more genes of O. rufipogon. Congruently, modern alleles of the sampled genes are approximately 6% ancient, 38% uni-specific, 40% bi-specific (mixed), and 15% new after accumulating significant mutations. Results of sequencing surveys across modern cultivars/landraces indicate locus-specific usages of various alleles while confirming the associated mutations.

Conclusions
Asian rice was initially domesticated as one crop and later separate selection mediated by human resulted in its major subgroups. This history and the hybrid origin well explain previous puzzles. Positive selection, particularly in 5′ regions, was the major force underlying trait domestication. Locus-specific domestication can be characterized and the result may facilitate breeders in developing better rice varieties in future.
Transcriptome analysis and differential gene expression profiling of wucai (Brassica campestris L.) in response to cold stress
Authors: Wang Chenggang , Zhang Mengyun , Zhou Jiajie , Gao Xun , Zhu Shidong , Yuan Lingyun , Hou Xilin , Liu Tongkun , Chen Guohu , Tang Xiaoyan , Shan Guolei , Hou Jinfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Wucai suffers from low temperature during the growth period, resulting in a decline in yield and poor quality. But the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in wucai are still unclear.

Results
According to the phenotypes and physiological indexes, we screened out the cold-tolerant genotype “W18” (named CT) and cold-sensitive genotype “Sw-1” (named CS) in six wucai genotypes. We performed transcriptomic analysis using seedling leaves after 24 h of cold treatment. A total of 3536 and 3887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the low temperature (LT) and control (NT) comparative transcriptome in CT and CS, respectively, with 1690 DEGs specific to CT. The gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the response to cadmium ion (GO:0,046,686), response to jasmonic acid (GO:0,009,753), and response to wounding (GO:0,009,611) were enriched in CT (LT vs NT). The DEGs were enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism and glutathione metabolism in both groups, and α-linolenic acid metabolism was enriched only in CT (LT vs NT). DEGs in these processes, including glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), 13S lipoxygenase (LOX), and jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ), as well as transcription factors (TFs), such as the ethylene-responsive transcription factor 53 (ERF53), basic helix-loop-helix 92 (bHLH92), WRKY53, and WRKY54.We hypothesize that these genes play important roles in the response to cold stress in this species.

Conclusions
Our data for wucai is consistent with previous studies that suggest starch and sucrose metabolism increased the content of osmotic substances, and the glutathione metabolism pathway enhance the active oxygen scavenging. These two pathways may participated in response to cold stress. In addition, the activation of α-linolenic acid metabolism may promote the synthesis of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which might also play a role in the cold tolerance of wucai.
Human herpesvirus 6 infection as a trigger of multiple sclerosis: an update of recent literature
Authors: Voumvourakis K. I. , Fragkou P.C. , Kitsos D. K. , Foska K. , Chondrogianni M. , Tsiodras S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This is an update on the existing evidence regarding a relationship between infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in order to contribute on the attempt to define the nature and strength of that relationship.

Results
Study quality was assessed using the criteria proposed by Moore and Wolfson and by the classification criteria used by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Studies were categorized both by experimental technique and by quality (high [A], intermediate [B], and low [C]) as determined by the Moore and Wolfson criteria. Overall, 27 (90%) of 30 studies, 18 (86%) of which were classified as A quality, reached a statistically significant result. According to the Canadian Task Force classification, all studies were categorized as evidence of qualityII-1. Limitations of the available experimental techniques and perspectives for future research are discussed.

Conclusions
The current review continues to emphasize the need for further, objective, evidence-based examination of the relationship between HHV-6 infection and multiple sclerosis.