bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental fragility as an indicator of the risk of contamination by human action in watersheds used for public supply in western Paraná, Brazil.
Authors: Peres Kelly Krampe , Guicho Ricardo , Medeiros Gabriela , Amaral Mailor Wellinton Wedig , Silva Thais Tagliati da , Pilatti Maria Clara , Prior Maritane , Bueno Norma Catarina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Applying environmental fragility in studies evaluating watershed can guide policy decisions on monitoring and management regarding soil use planning, improving water quality for public supply. The objective of this study is to characterize the environmental fragility as well as to relate it to water quality factors of catchment rivers for public supply in western Paraná, Brazil, in order to evaluate the influence of anthropic actions on catchment sources. Water quality data such as temperature (Temp; C), electrical conductivity (Ec; mS/cm−1), dissolved oxygen (DO; mg L−1), turbidity (Turb; NTU) and pH were measured on site by the multi-parameter probe HORIBA brand, model U-5000. Slope data were obtained from the site of the National Institute of Space Research (INPE). Soil use and occupation was performed in the QGis software, with image obtained from the Sentinel 2A Satelite. Köppen-Geiger classification was used for the climate type. For the environmental fragility maps, the variables slope, climate, soil use and occupation were analyzed using the QGis raster software calculator. The intermediate fragility class predominates in the nine municipalities studied, making it necessary to manage them aimed at restoration and conservation, and the municipalities that are the largest areas of high fragility class are: Guaraniaçu, Catanduvas and Cascavel, demanding greater attention. The variation in fragility mainly responded to the pH, E. coli and DQO temperature values, which can be strongly associated with the difference in soil use and slope of the areas evaluated.
Traumatic Injury Mortality Prediction (TRIMP-ICDX): A New Comprehensive Evaluation Model According to the ICD-10-CM Codes
Authors: zhang guohu , wang muding , cong degang , lai dengpan , fan wenhui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Various assessment methods based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), such as ICD-10-CM Injury Severity Score (ICISS), trauma mortality prediction model (TMPM-ICD10), and injury mortality prediction (IMP-ICDX), are purely anatomic trauma assessment, which need to be further improved. Traumatic injury mortality prediction (TRIMP-ICDX) is a comprehensive assessment method based on anatomic injuries and incorporating available information to determine whether it is superior to Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and IMP-ICDX in predicting trauma outcomes.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was based on data from 704,287 trauma patients admitted to 710 trauma centers in the National Trauma Data Bank of the United States in 2016. The TRIMP-ICDX was established using anatomical injury, physiological reserves, and physiological response indicators. Its performance was compared with the IMP-ICDX and TRISS by examining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, HL), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC).
Results
The TRIMP-ICDX showed significantly better discrimination better calibration, and a lower AIC compared with TRISS and IMP-ICDX. Similar results were found in statistical comparisons among different body regions.
Conclusions
As a comprehensive evaluation method based on the ICD-10-CM lexicon TRIMP-ICDX is significantly better than IMP-ICDX and TRISS with respect to both discriminative power and calibration. The TRIMP-ICDX should become a research method for the comprehensive evaluation of trauma severity.
Tyche: a free novel web-based solution for efficient and unbiased analysis of scientific images
Authors: Schippers Philipp , Rösch Gundula , Sohn Rebecca , Holzapfel Matthias , Junker Marius , Rapp Anna E. , Jenei-Lanzl Zsuzsa , Zaucke Frank , Meurer Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Scientific image analysis is crucial in many research fields but it can be hampered by subjectivity and bias. Thus, image analysis should be performed anonymized by multiple observers and images displayed in a random order. Yet in radiology for example most PACS-viewers display patient metadata which could influence the analysis. Although desirable, including multiple observers can be logistically difficult as files have to be provided including spreadsheets to document the analyzed parameters.
Methods
To address these challenges we created a browser-based program displaying scientific images anonymized and in a random order. Observers are invited by the project master via a project-specific URL that is only temporarily valid. The project master can design an unlimited number of project-specific questions which will be displayed next to each image. As the analysis is performed online, results from all observers are summarized in real-time and the data are immediately visible to the project master. In this study, we present the process of analysis using histological and radiological images and compare Tyche with the traditional “offline” desktop bound way.
Results
Tyche allows users to upload anonymized images and create single choice and numeric questions specifically for these images. Via temporarily active URLs, access to the data can be provided to observers who can analyze images within any web browser using the integrated tools (zoom, length, etc.). Next to each image, the defined questions and answers are displayed and results are immediately visible. Aspects of traditional image analysis like laborious file sharing via clouds or e-mail with observers and data gathering via potentially error-prone spreadsheets become obsolete. Performing a histologic image analysis, no difference in results comparing Tyche with the offline analysis were found.
Conclusion
Tyche is a lightweight, web-based tool that facilitates anonymized image analysis by multiple observers and reduces subjectivity and bias.
Factors Influencing Uptake and Utilization of Mutual Health Insurance in Cameroon: The case of Bamenda Ecclesiastical Province Health Assistance
Authors: Asah Flora Nah , Ngolle Ngube Nestor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mutual health insurance schemes are a tool to curb excessive out-of-pocket payments for healthcare services to the poor and vulnerable communities. However, the uptake and utilization of these insurance schemes are low. This study explores factors that influence the uptake and utilization of mutual health insurance schemes.
Methods
This was a descriptive qualitative case study conducted among 20 Adherents and seven staff of BEPHA Kumbo. Multiple data sources were used, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and a review of documents. We used the content analysis method to analyze the data.
Results
This study found multiple level factors; individual, community, and system factors that influenced uptake and utilization of MHI schemes. The study revealed that reliability in the scheme, membership criteria and access to the insurer were enablers. At the same time, annual contribution fees, adverse selection, and the lack of national HMI policy were threats influencing uptake and utilization of MHI schemes.
Conclusions
MHI schemes can expand coverage and increase access to healthcare services among marginalized and vulnerable people in the community and prevent them from plunging into perpetual impoverishment. However, the factors identified influence them either negatively or positively from performing to the optimum.
Boosting maternal and neonatal anti SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity using a third mRNA vaccine dose
Authors: Cahen-Peretz Adva , Tsaitlin-Mor Lilah , Kam Hadas Allouche , Fraenkel Rachelle , Kabessa Maor , Cohen Sarah , Lipschuetz Michal , Oiknine-Djian Esther , Liansky Sapir , Goldman-Wohl Debra , Walfisch Asnat , Kovo Michal , Neeman Michal , Wolf Dana , Yagel Simcha , Beharier Ofer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Importance: To minimize COVID-19 pandemic burden and spread, third booster dose vaccination campaigns commenced worldwide. Since pregnant patients are at increased risk for severe disease, they were recently included in that policy despite the lack of available evidence regarding the impact of a third boosting dose during pregnancy; underscoring the urgent need for relevant data. Objective: We aimed to characterize the effect on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers of the third, boosting dose of mRNA Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine in pregnancy, and profile its most common side effects. Design: Prospective cohort study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers measured at the time of delivery in maternal and cord blood, and dedicated side effect questionnaire. Setting: Labor and delivery ward and virology laboratory of a large, urban, university-affiliated medical center.Participants: Gravidae (N=216) without history of COVID-19 disease, presenting for delivery were divided to two groups by vaccination status: parturients who received a third boosting dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, were compared to those vaccinated with the 2-dose regimen. Main Outcomes: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers measured in maternal and cord blood samples collected at delivery and side effect profile.Results: We found a robust surge in maternal and cord blood levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers at the time of delivery: parturients that received a third boosting dose had titers 4.7-fold higher as compared to 2-dose vaccinated parturients. The effect of the third boosting dose remained significant when controlling for the trimester of most recent vaccine dose, suggesting additive immunity extends beyond that obtained after the second dose. Efficient transplacental transfer was observed. Neonatal (cord blood) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers positively correlated with (r= 0.745; P< .0001) and were significantly higher than maternal levels (p<0.0001). Overall, fewer side effects were reported following the third dose as compared to the second vaccine dose among the 2-dose group, with lower rates of injection site pain and swelling, myalgia, and general malaise. Conclusions and relevance: The third, boosting dose of mRNA Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine augmented maternal and neonatal immunity with mild side effects. These data provide essential evidence to bolster clinical and public health guidance, reassure patients, and increase vaccine uptake among pregnant patients.
Structural evolution and strain generation of derived-Cu catalysts during CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Lei Qiong , Huang Liang , Yin Jun , Davaasuren Bambar , Yuan Youyou , Dong Xinglong , Wu Zhi-peng , Wang Xiaoqian , Yao Ke Xin , Lu Xu , Han Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Copper (Cu)-based catalysts generally exhibit high selectivity toward valuable C2+ products during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the origin of this selectivity and the influence of precursor materials on it are not fully understood due to the elusive evolution of catalysts during the CO2RR. We combined operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and operando Raman spectroscopy to monitor the structural and compositional evolution of three oxidized Cu precursors (Cu2(OH)2CO3, Cu(OH)2, and CuO) during the CO2RR. The results indicated that the three precursors were completely reduced to Cu(0) with similar grain sizes (~ 11 nm) despite their different electroreduction kinetics when delivering their maximum Faradaic efficiencies for C2+ products. The high density of grain boundaries associated with the small grain size explains their significantly enhanced C2+ selectivity (68–73%) compared to bulk Cu (~ 13%). Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed the lack of co-occurrence of CO2RR intermediates and Cu2(OH)2CO3, Cu(OH)2, CuO, or Cu2O, ruling out the involvement of these oxidized Cu species in the CO2RR. Most interestingly, operando XRD indicated that the Cu nanocrystals derived from Cu(OH)2 and Cu2(OH)2CO3 exhibited noticeable tensile strains of 0.43%~0.55% during the in situ electroreduction of precursors, which could not be detected by conventional ex situ XRD. In contrast, Cu nanocrystals derived from CuO were hardly strained. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the tensile strain in Cu lattice is conducive to promoting the overall CO2RR selectivity, which is consistent with the experimental observations. Therefore, the excellent CO2RR performance of some derived Cu catalysts is attributed to the combined effect of the small grain size and lattice strain, both of which are the result of the in situ electroreduction of precursors. The findings, for the first time, establish correlations between Cu precursors, lattice strains, and catalytic behaviors, demonstrating the unique ability of operando characterization techniques in probing catalyst evolution during electrochemical processes.
Schistosomes from the Persian Gulf: phylogenetic relationships, host associations and life-cycle elucidation of Ornithobilharzia canaliculata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1912
Authors: Khosravi Maral , Thieltges David W. , Shamseddin Jebreil , Georgieva Simona 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Avian schistosomes comprise a diverse and widespread group of trematodes known for their surprising ability to switch into new hosts and habitats. Their cercariae are the causative agents of the waterborne allergic disease cercarial dermatitis. There are 13 recognised genera of avian schistosomes with majority of the extant species with freshwater-based life-cycles. Despite the considerable research attention on avian schistosomes much less it is known about the diversity, geographical range and host associations of the marine representatives. Here, we provide novel data on the species diversity and host-parasite relationships of the marine schistosomes in respect to their intermediate gastropod host from the Persian Gulf.
Methods
A total of 1,745 horn snails of Pirenella cingulata (Gmelin), were examined during a survey from December 2019 to February 2020 from eight distinct locations along the coast of Iran. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene were generated for the schistosome isolates recovered and used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction.
Results
Our molecular analyses inferred from both molecular markers revealed presence of two schistosome species, Ornithobilharzia canaliculata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1912 and a putative new species of Austrobilharzia Johnston, 1917. Molecular elucidation of the life-cycle of O. canaliculata was achieved for the first time via matching novel and published sequence data from adult and larval stages. This is the first record of Ornithobilharzia from the Persian Gulf and globally the first record of this genus in a potamidid snail host.
Conclusions
The present study provides new host and distribution records for major etiological agents of cercarial dermatitis and contributes important information on host-parasite relationships. Our study further highlights the importance of the molecular systematics in the assessment of schistosome diversity and calls for further surveys in order to reach a better understanding of the schistosome diversity and patterns of relationships among them, host associations, transmission strategies and distribution coverage.
Low acceptance of illness with inflammatory bowel disease tending to receive fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Liu Rong , Luo Fameng , Tao Dezhi , Luo Jincuo , Zhang Guimei , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) can improve and reestablish the normal function of intestinal flora. It has been shown to have great potential in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).
Objective
To assess the current status and analyse the factors influencing the acceptance of FMT treatment in IBD patients.
Methods
IBD patients were recruited at the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center in Yunnan Province, China. Participants voluntarily completed a self-designed questionnaire and a Chinese version of the Acceptance of illness Scale(AIS) test under the premise of informed consent, to assess their attitudes toward FMT and acceptance of illness.
Results
Of the 310 patients surveyed, 70.6% and 29.4% have diagnosed ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease respectively. Less than half of IBD patients (43.55%) were willing to undergo FMT, 2.90% refused, and 53.55% were unsure about it.The most preferred routes of FMT among IBD patients were oral fecal capsules (50.97%) and colonoscopy (21.94%). In addition, prior knowledge of FMT (OR = 3.986, 95% CI: 2.304–6.896, P < 0.001), previous experience with FMT (OR = 12.505, 95% CI: 2.454–63.717, P = 0.002) and illness acceptance (OR = 0.951, 95% CI: 0.917–0.987. P = 0.029) were independent influences on the acceptance of FMT treatment in patients with IBD.
Conclusion
This study suggested that the acceptance of FMT treatment with IBD patients still needs to be improved, and the confidence of treatment may be enhanced by strengthening cognition and sharing the surrounding successful cases with FMT treatment. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to patients with low acceptance of illness with IBD patients, which may be a potential population for FMT treatment.
Intensification of CO2 absorption and desorption by metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles in bubble columns
Authors: zarei Fariba , Keshavarz Peyman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, four different metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles including CuO, Fe3O4, ZnO and SiO2 were employed to improve CO2 absorption and desorption in MDEA-based nanofluid. CO2 absorption experiment with various nanofluids was done in a bubble column reactor at ambient temperature. Also, CO2 stripping experiments for all nanofluids were done at 60 and 70 oC. The influence of nanoparticles type, nanoparticle concentration, and the stability of nanoparticles were studied on both CO2 absorption and stripping. The obtained results revealed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles at 0.01 wt.% concentration had the best influence on CO2 absorption and it improved the CO2 loading up to 36%. Also, CO2 stripping experiments for all nanofluids were done at 60 and 70 oC. The desorption experiments illustrated that metallic nanoparticles can be more efficient in improving CO2 desorption. In CO2 desorption, the CuO nanoparticles at 0.05 wt.% had higher efficiency, and enhanced CO2 concentration at outlet gas phase up to 44.2 vol.% at 70 oC.
Level Of Physical Activity And Nutritional Status (Bmi): A Comparative Study Between Urban And Rural Adolescents In The Northern Region
Authors: ABUBAKARI ABDULAI , YUSSIF RAMATU , ZIBLIM YAKUBU IDDI 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dietary patterns and physical activity, in addition to countervailing social norms, that influence health and nutritional well-being of adolescents are increasingly becoming important in recent times. This study was conducted to compare the level of physical activity and its relationship with nutritional status (BMI) among rural and urban adolescents in the Northern Region. The study employed an analytical cross-sectional study design. The study used random sampling technique to sample 520 adolescents. The study administered a questionnaire on the respondents and the data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 and Microsoft word excels 2013. The study showed that, 9.4% of the urban dwellers were too thin for their age relative to 5.4% of the rural folks. Overweight/obese prevalence was 7.9% among the rural adolescents compare to 8.3% of the adolescents living in the urban areas. From the results, 52.9% of the urban adolescents had low physical activity compared to 43.9% of the rural adolescents. A multinomial logistic regression with reference to people engaging in moderate physical activities reveals that male’s adolescent are more than two (2) times (RRR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.133-4.404, P-value: 0.02) more likely to engage in high physical activities than female adolescents. Adolescents whose fathers had up-to primary education only were found to be more than 13% less likely to engage in moderately physical activities than those whose fathers attended junior high school (RRR; 0.134, 95% CI; 0.0022-0.827, P-value; 0.03). Based on the results, it was concluded that adolescents were moderately engaged in some form of physical activity and this could explain why overweight/obesity was low among the study population. The study recommends that, parents and guardians as well as health workers and teachers encourage adolescents to continue with daily physical activities in order to sustain their physical activity levels.
Spatio-temporal pattern of congenital hypothyroidism screening success in Iran (Case study, Fars counties during 2005-2013)
Authors: Goli Ali , Mohtaram Nematollahi , Razieh Sharifi , Sharifiyan Roxsana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: 1) Spatio-temporal analysis of CH screening success in Fars counties during 2005-2013; 2) To analyze Neonatal CH clusters in Fars counties during 2005-2013; and 4) Help to provide better planning budget and facilities for Disease Control of CH in the study area and other regions.Results: The results of this study showed that the incidence of disease duration was variable from 2 to 10 in every 1,000 newborn boys more than girls in the rate. Also, the spatial distribution pattern of CH in newborns in the period studied based on the statistical significance level (p-value) and the index of spatial autocorrelation (Moran 's I) had a random pattern. This result can identify factors involved in disease in order to better planning in the field budget and facilities needed for Disease Control and CH in the Fars province are very helpful. In different geographical areas of the province, the analysis of the spatial distribution of CH in newborns every year to show differences and show a uniformity pattern decrease and tend to focus on specific areas of space that may be the pattern (focus spatial) happen in the next few years.
Immediate Impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Yun-Chen , Chang Yuh-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) may have positive physiological and psychological benefits for patients with breast cancer, in addition to enhancing their quality of life. However, few studies have involved synthesis of the relevant literature to confirm these effects. This meta-analysis examined the associations between MBCT and various symptoms after Western medicine–based drug treatment.
Methods
This study considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as well as non-RCTs comparing MBCT interventions and control protocols for the alleviation of symptoms among women with breast cancer. We calculated pooled mean differences (MDs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random effects models to estimate summary effect sizes.
Results
Thirteen RCTs and non-RCTs with 20–245 participants were considered in our systematic review; for our meta-analysis, 11 of these studies were eligible for assessment. The pooled meta-analysis results revealed that at the end of the MBCT intervention, participants’ anxiety (SMD, − 0.70; 95% CI, − 1.26 to − 0.13; I2 = 69%), pain (SMD, − 0.64; 95% CI, − 0.92 to − 0.37; I2 = 0%), and depression (SMD, − 0.65; 95% CI, − 1.14 to − 0.17; I2 = 75%) levels had significantly decreased, and their mindfulness (MD, 8.83; 95% CI, 3.88 to 13.78; I2 = 68%) levels significantly increased.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that MBCT is highly beneficial and cost-effective as an intervention for patients who have received treatment for breast cancer.