bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anti-proliferative activity of simvastatin and atorvastatin on MCF7 cell line compared with doxorubicin using MTT test
Authors: Al-khafaji Aiyat Hasan Yahya , Arif Inaam Sameh 
Published: April 2022

Statins are effective to lower the cholesterol level and protect against cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed that statins have pleiotropic effect and can be used to treat many types of diseases like neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and cancer.
Statins inhibit cell proliferation by suppression of mevalonate pathway leading to desregu-lation of cell signal transduction of some membrane receptor protein which is important for gene transcription. This study was done to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of simvastatin and atorvastatin on MCF7 cell line alone and in combination with anathracycline chemotherapy drug (doxo-rubicin) using MTT assay. The results showed that simvastatin and atorvastatin had significant anti-proliferative effect on MCF7 cell line in dose-dependent manner with an IC50 10.10 μM and 12.3 μM respect-tively. Moreover, the combination of atorvastatin and simvastatin with (1 μM) doxorubicin had higher cytotoxic effect with an IC50 = 0.07 μM and 0.05μM respectively than doxoru-bicin alone IC50 = 1.9 μM.
In conclusion, simvastatin and atorvastatin had anti-proliferative effect on MCF7 cell line and displayed significant synergism with doxorubicin which will help in enhancing efficacy of doxorubicin and decrease the adverse effect.
Isolation and Characterization of Isorhamnetin and Kaempferol from Elaeagnus Angustifolia (F:Elaeagnaceae) Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Azeez Rand Abdul Kareem , Abaas Ibrahim Salah , Kadhim Enas Jwad 
Published: April 2022

Elaeagnus angustifolia, is from Elaeagnus genus and a member of the Elaeagnaceae family which is reported to have many species that are distributed throughout the world. The plant acquired a considerable importance because it is a rich source of vitamins such as
Tocopherol, carotene, vitamin C, thiamine B1 and minerals like calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and manganese. from the phytochemical point of view, the plant was reported to contains: flavonoids, alkaloids, terpens, sterols and saponin. TLC fingerprinting was used to identify the ethyl acetate extract containing flavonoids. The isolation and purification afforded crystalline powder which were subjected to spectral identification by1H‐NMR and FT-IR. The compounds were identified as Isorhamnetin and Kaempferol.
Topical Potential Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside in Induced Oculohypertension in Rabbits
Authors: Shareef Saja Majeed , Al-Abbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Alshather Ahmed Ismael , Shakur Dalia Abd Al Kader 
Published: April 2022

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy known by slow degenerative structural changes seen in retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. Elevation in intraocular pressure caused by imbalance between the production of
A queous humor and the drainage of this liquid through the trabecular meshwork. Nitric oxide donors being evaluated as a novel way to impact the progression of glaucoma by increasing the conventional outflow, hence lowering intraocular pressure. The aim of study was to evaluate the potential effect of topical sodium nitroprusside in glaucomatous rabbits. Thirty-two rabbits were used and distributed into four groups include: normal group, glaucoma induced group, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) group and timolol group. The treatment was given twice daily: at 9:00 a.m. and at 1:00 p.m. for 12 day. The intraocular pressure was recorded two times a day: at 9:00 a.m. and at 12:00 p.m. The intraocular pressure, nitrite level, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the histology of ciliary body were measured. The results revealed a high significant decrease in intraocular pressure and no significant difference in nitrite level while a high significant elevation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase with improvement in the histology of ciliary bodies.
The Cytotoxic Effect of Metformin on RD Cell Line.
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Wahhab , Arif Inam Samih , Jasim Ghaith Ali 
Published: April 2022

Background: Cancer is a pathogenesis that happens when modification in collections of normally occurring cells inside the human body occurs leading to non-controlled growth causing a lump called the tumor; this applies to all types of cancers except leukemia (cancer of
the blood). Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the highly effective anti-neoplastic drugs of the anthracycline's family used to treat many pediatric and adult cancers, e.g. solid tumors, lymphomas, leukemia and breast cancer. Doxorubicin is known to produce severe cytotoxicity. Metformin (Met) is a biguanide used for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin have cytoprotective effect in addition to reducing basal and postprandial levels of glucose by decreasing the production of ROS, maintaining energy homeostasis and apoptosis regulation by its activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Met has also the ability to increase apoptotic factors and suppression of proliferation thus MET consider as cytotoxic and anti-proliferative drug.
Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of Met comparing to DOX as a control in RD cell, also combination of both.
Materials and Methods: Cell lines that used (Epithelial cells as a normal cell line and RD cell line was taken from human breast cancer) cultured in suitable media potentiated with different concentrations of heat-inactivated human serum. MTT assay (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) using for detection of cytotoxicity in Epithelial and RD cell lines for duration 72hrs.
Results: The results showed that treatment with DOX, MET and combination DOX with MET there is significant (p≤ 0.5) cytotoxic, apoptotic and antiproliferative effect and there is potentiation effect between MET and DOX on tumor cells when treated by combination DOX with MET also Met showed a valuable cytotoxic effect through the detection of IC50.
Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that Metformin have a good cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect on tumor cell lines.
Preparation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Calcium Alginate Beads Containing Mefenamic Acid
Authors: Ali Wedad Kamal , Mahmood Alkazzaz Sura Zuhair , Sabry Hiba Sabah , Nasser Sanaria Thamer 
Published: April 2022

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different variables on the release profile of mefenamic acid from calcium alginate beads formulated using modified emulsification method. Five formulations of beads (F1-F5) with different drug: polymer ratios were prepared in which
the amount of drug (1g) was kept constant and the amount of calcium alginate was increased from 1 up to 5g. All the formulated beads were evaluated for percentage yield, entrapped efficiency and in vitro release profile at pH 1.2 and 7.2 dissolution media. For further minimize the release of drug from calcium alginate beads, the selected formulation F3 beads were coated separately with 3% and 6% Eudragit S100 solution using dipping method. The coated beads (F6 and F7) minimized the release of drug both in pH 1.2 and 7.2. The study confirms significant effects of two variables, drug:polymer ratio and coating on the release of drug from beads which can be effectively utilized to control the release from prepared calcium alginate formulations.
Assay of Ampicillin in capsule Dosage Form Manufactured by Different Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Factories available in Iraq
Authors: Alrubaiy Rehab 
Published: April 2022

The assay of Ampicillin is carried out by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) system to calculate the weight of the active constituent of the drug in this dosage form. In this work we study six samples of Ampicillin 250 mg capsule manufactured by different pharm-
aceutical companies available in Iraq to evaluate the content of drug in this dosage form. This has been achieved by making calibration curve of different concentrations of stock solution, using standard ampicillin tri hydrate (Reference Standard Ampicillin) USP, we obtained different reading of the area under the peak (AUP) which followed straight – line equation.
Recent Trends in Chronopharmaceutics, Pulsatile Drug Delivery System
Authors: Albadri Ahmed A. , Abdulbaqi Mustafa R. , Almajidi Yasir Q. 
Published: April 2022

Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems (PDDS) are getting considerable interest in delivering a drug at the correct position, at the correct time, and in the correct quantity, thus offering temporal, spatial, and intelligent delivery with improving patient compliance. These systems are

intended to meet body's biological rhythm. Here, the delivery of drugs is assisted by the rhythm of disease. The main reason for the using pulsatile drug release is when the continuous drug release is not required. A PDDS must be designed in such a way that after the lag time a complete and fast release of drugs is achieved. The article deals with various systems such as osmotic system, capsular system, single and multi-unit system based on the utilization of erodible or soluble polymer coating and using of rupturable membrane. These systems are favorable to drugs with chronopharmacological behaviors such as drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. The current review paper focus on the causes for pulsatile drug delivery system design, types of illness requiring pulsatile release, classification, benefits, and restriction of this drug delivery system.
Assessment of Pharmacist Intervention Among Post Hospital Discharge Patients with Moderate and Severe Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Marzoog Helen Faris , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Nassir Shokry Faaz 
Published: April 2022

Background: Acute heart failure is the most common cause for hospitalization and the third highest cause of hospital readmission with nearly quarter of patients being re hospitalized within 30 days after discharge. Implementation of Clinical pharmacists in coordinated
inpatient care, discharge planning and outpatient care result in significant improvements in adverse drug events reduction, medication adherence, quality of life and patient knowledge.
Objective: Evaluating pharmacist- based program for patients with moderate and sever acute heart failure via improving summary discharge in reduction hospital readmission, enhancing medications adherence and improve quality of life.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was carried out under interventional pharmacist- based program carried out on 50 patients whom completed this study, they were randomly allocated to two groups, program group who are receiving program for assessment and review starting from 30 minutes pre hospital discharge till 12 weeks. The control group on usual care which include physician-based discharge summary, routine laboratory test without pharmacist intervention (25 patients for each group).
Result: After 12 weeks of follow up among program patients in comparison with control group, study findings revealed significant improvement in self-care heart failure index domains (maintenance, management, confidence and total SCHFI score (P=0.001) in both moderate heart failure (NYHAIII) and severe heart failure (NYHAIV) groups, also increase in domains of belief medication questionnaire whether specific necessity and specific concern domains (P=0.001) or decreased in general harm and general overuse (P=0.001) in both moderate and severe heart failure. Moreover, increase in all domains of WHO quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL) (P=0.001) in both moderate and sever heart failure with predominant improvement in moderate heart failure. Both serum brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.001) and cardiac troponin I (P<0.01) level were decreased in patients with moderate and severe HF and ejection fraction was improved (P=0.03) only among patients with severe HF of program group.
Conclusion: Implementing pharmacist- based management program for patients with moderate and severe acute heart failure via summary discharge markedly improve disease awareness, medication adherence, reduced hospital readmission and total mortality at the end-line of study among intervention patients compared to the usual care.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity and ADME Study of New 5-arylidene-4-Thiazolidinones Derivatives Having
Authors: Taha Duha E. , Raauf Ayad M.R , Ali Karima F. 
Published: April 2022

New series of Nabumetone containing 5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones pharmacophore as in compounds 3(a-e) were designed and synthesized by using nabumetone and hydrazinethiocarboamide to synthesize compound (1) (Schiff base), next step

compound (1) will react with chloroacetic acid and anhydrous sodium acetate in order to synthesize compound (2) containing 4-thiazolidinone ring this compound will react with 4-benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of basic media such as piperidine to form compounds 3(a-e). The structures of new intermediate and final synthesized compounds were detected by determination of physical properties (melting points). The structure of synthesized compounds has been confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy the final synthesized compounds were also screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Biochemical study of the effect of typhoid fever and brucellosis infections on some serum salts concentration
Authors: Amal Al–Hadithi H. 
Published: April 2022

Twenty cases of typhoid and brucellosis patients were studied on clinical, serological and biochemical aspects. The mean clinical findings were, most of the cases had sustained fever 66%, gastroenterial symptoms developed as the disease progressed and intestinal hemorrhage 19% as a complications. Inserological findings, the number of patients who had +ve positive widal test were thirteen and those who had positive Rose Bengal test were five and those who had positive Widal and Rose Bengal test were two patients. The study was also conducted on ten apparently healthy individual as a control group.The objective :(1) To study the possible correlation between brucella infection and salmonella typhi infection by biochemical test of some serum salts, and(2) Because of the limited value of Widal’s test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever, serum salts of these patients studied to see if can be used as a recommended test to differentiate between these two diseases.
The biochemical findings were reveled a significant increase in the level of serum magnesium (P0.004) and a significant decrease in the level of serum potassium (P0.003) in typhoid fever patients. While patients with brucellosis show moderate increase in the mean value of serum magnesium and sodium (P0.1 and P0.08 respectively) and moderate decrease in the mean value of serum potassium (P0.08).While patients with typhoid and brucellosis (combination) show significant increase in the mean value of serum magnesium and sodium (P0.001 and P0.001 respectively) while there is increased in the level of serum total calcium (P0.1) in patient with typhoid fever only. While serum ionized calcium show significant increase in the mean value in patients with typhoid fever and brucellosis (P0.06).The changes in these biochemical parameters were well discussed .
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of Histidine Cinnamaldehyde Schiff base containing structural feature of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole heterocyclic moiety
Authors: Ibrahim Doaa Mahmood , Ali Karima Fadhil , Abd_alwahab Mayada Hadi 
Published: April 2022

Reaction of aqueous solution of amino acid Histidine with ethanolic solution Cinnamaldehyde to synthesize the desired Schiff base. Then, the derivative of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole ring have been synthesized by reaction of the imine derivative with Thiosemicarbazide in presence of POCL3.
The entire intermediate and final compound characterized and identified by elemental microanalysis as melting point, FT-IR spectra, 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Agar Well Diffusion method evaluated the antimicrobial activity on gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia and gram-negative bacteria such as E coli & Acinetobacter species and also antifungal activity had been studied on one type of fungi (candida albicans).
Liraglutide Drug Loading with Double Layered Hydroxide- Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Doshan Sevan Adeeb , Alabassi Mustafa Ghazi , Dawood Ashuor Hamood 
Published: April 2022

The liraglutide, antidiabetic drug, was loaded with layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for selective ions such as Fe+3, Fe+2, Ni+2 and Al+3, the LDH were prepared through the titration method by adding 2M of NaOH to the mixture of trivalent, divalent ions and 0.5M HCl, the drug liraglutide was added to Prepared layered. The compounds were characterized by SEM, AFM, FT-IR, XRD and Zeta potential technique.
Studying the Effect of Adding Alpha Lipoic Acid to Gabapentin to Improve Nerve Conduction Velocity and Glycemic Control of Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy (Sample of Iraqi population)
Authors: Hadi Rusul AbdulKareem , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Salman Isam Noori 
Published: April 2022

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress induces programmed cell death of nerves, which contributes to the pathology of Diabetic neuropathy. Many clinical trials depend on supplement, in an attempt to improve neuropathy symptoms such as (pain &

tingling) and patient quality of life, one of them is alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent anti-inﬂammatory and antioxidant with insulin-mimetic activity, it has been shown to improve clinical symptoms in experimental Diabetic neuropathy and protect peripheral nerves from ischemia, in addition to stimulate the nerve growth factor and promote fiber regeneration. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of Alpha-lipoic acid supplement as adjuvant therapy to gabapentin in patients with diabetic neuropathy, which can reflect by the improvement in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) a test was conducted to assess the severity of iabetic neuropathy and clinical symptoms. A prospective randomized- open-label interventional study for 3 months include 33 DN patients, aged (18-69) years were divided into two groups; group A include 16 patients received gabapentin 300 mg once daily at night, and group B include 17 patients received gabapentin 300 mg once daily at night plus alpha-lipoic acid 600mg once daily. Pre and post 3 months of treatment, blood samples used to measure metabolic biomarkers (FBG, HbA1c), in addition to Nerve conduction velocity. The results showed that, the intervention group produced a highly significant change in HbA1c & no significant change in FBG levels after 3months of Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. Meanwhile, there is no significant change in HbA1c & FBG levels in patients treated with gabapentin alone. Moreover, results showed highly significant improvement (P˂0.01) in Nerve conduction velocity for two groups at the end of the study. Addition of Alpha-lipoic acid to gabapentin in diabetic neuropathy patients result to improve the glycemic control & Nerve conduction velocity.
after three months of treatment.
Effects of Nano silver particles on mechanical properties of polymeric dental filling
Authors: Abed lateef Abbas 
Published: April 2022

Polymeric dental filling (light-cured dental filling) have many problems like polymerization shrinkage and weakness in mechanical properties. Recently, scientists found that nanoparticles are good solutions for many problems in dentistry. Four nanoparticles were prepared ZnO, silver, ZrO2, and TiO2 by

sol-gel, laser ablation, chemical, and sol-gel methods. These nanoparticles were then added to light-cured dental filling as fillers. The polymeric dental filling containing the nanoparticles prepared were then examined by X-ray diffraction, depth of cure, compression strength, hardness (lower and upper surfaces), degree of cure, relation between depth of cure and degree of cure, diameter of samples, and polymerization shrinkage. The results showed that polymeric dental filling containing silver nanoparticles had the maximum values of compression strength and hardness with improved mechanical strength with no polymerization shrinkage of the dental filling
Potential effect of pharmaceutical care to improve outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder in Sulaimani dialysis centers
Authors: Baiz Hawkar Qadir , Aziz Tavga Ahmed , Sharif Dana Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Objective: the present study was aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical services in improving the outcome of mineral bone disorder in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD)

screened for eligibility, seventy-six patients enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and usual care, both groups interviewed by the pharmacist using specific questionnaire for assessing the quality of life (QoL). All the drug related problems (DRPs) including drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of vitamin D, phosphorous, calcium, albumin and parathyroid hormone at baseline and three months after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the educations about their medications and how to minimize DRPs; improve the QoL. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting the biochemical parameters.
Results: Pharmaceutical care significantly improved patients QoL and minimized DRPs and DDIs. It was also effective in improving the biochemical parameters.
Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on improving the outcome of patients with CKD-MBD through attenuating DRPs, improving the biochemical parameters and the QoL.
Molecular Drug Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial study of Novel 4-Oxothiazolidin-3-yl Derivatives
Authors: Ismaeel Sarah S. , Mahdi Monther F. , Abd Razik Basma M. 
Published: April 2022

New compounds containing 4-thiazolidinone pharmacophore 5(a) and (5b) have been synthesized. The chemical structures of the intermediate and final compounds were characterized and confirmed by using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. All final compounds were tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using a well-diffusion technique for their ability as antimicrobial agents. The tested compounds 5a and 5b showed variable and modest antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. Molecular docking simulations were studied to understand the molecular core. The results were achieved by docking, the most active compounds into the active site of protein of the bacteria which completely accorded with in vitro results.