bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study of automated oxygen titration at birth for preterm infants
Authors: Ali Sanoj KM , Jayakar Rohan V , Marshall Andrew P , Gale Timothy J , Dargaville Peter A 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo study the feasibility of automated titration of oxygen therapy in the delivery room for preterm infants.DesignProspective non-randomised study of oxygenation in sequential preterm cohorts in which FiO2was adjusted manually or by an automated control algorithm during the first 10 min of life.SettingDelivery rooms of a tertiary level hospital.ParticipantsPreterm infants <32 weeks gestation (n=20 per group).InterventionAutomated oxygen control using a purpose-built device, with SpO2readings input to a proportional-integral-derivative algorithm, and FiO2alterations actuated by a motorised blender. The algorithm was developed via in silico simulation using abstracted oxygenation data from the manual control group. For both groups, the SpO2target was the 25th–75th centile of the Dawson nomogram.Main outcome measuresProportion of time in the SpO2target range (25th–75th centile, or above if in room air) and other SpO2ranges; FiO2adjustment frequency; oxygen exposure.ResultsTime in the SpO2target range was similar between groups (manual control: median 60% (IQR 48%–72%); automated control: 70 (60–84)%; p=0.31), whereas time with SpO2>75th centile when receiving oxygen differed (manual: 17 (7.6–26)%; automated: 10 (4.4–13)%; p=0.048). Algorithm-directed FiO2adjustments were frequent during automated control, but no manual adjustments were required in any infant once valid SpO2values were available. Oxygen exposure was greater during automated control, but final FiO2was equivalent.ConclusionAutomated oxygen titration using a purpose-built algorithm is feasible for delivery room management of preterm infants, and warrants further evaluation.
Differences in progression by surgical specialty: a national cohort study
Authors: Hope Carla , Lund Jonathan , Griffiths Gareth , Humes David 
Published: February 2022

The aim of surgical training across the 10 surgical specialties is to produce competent day 1 consultants. Progression through training in the UK is assessed by the Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP).ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine variation in ARCP outcomes within surgical training and identify differences in outcomes between specialties.DesignA national cohort study using data from the UK Medical Education Database was performed. ARCP outcome was the primary outcome measure. Multilevel ordinal regression analyses were performed, with ARCP outcomes nested within trainees.ParticipantsHigher surgical trainees (ST3–ST8) from nine UK surgical specialties were included (vascular surgery was excluded due to insufficient data). All surgical trainees across the UK with an ARCP outcome between 2010 and 2017 were included.ResultsEight thousand two hundred and twenty trainees with an ARCP outcome awarded between 2010 and 2017 were included, comprising 31 788 ARCP outcomes. There was substantial variation in the proportion of non-standard outcomes recorded across specialties with general surgery trainees having the highest proportion of non-standard outcomes (22.5%) and urology trainees the fewest (12.4%). After adjustment, general surgery trainees were 1.3 times more likely to receive a non-standard ARCP outcome compared with trainees in trauma and orthopaedics (T&O) (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.45, p=0.001). Urology trainees were 36% less likely to receive a non-standard outcome compared with T&O trainees (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.75, p<0.001). Female trainees and older age were associated with non-standard outcomes (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22, p=0.020; OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05, p<0.001).ConclusionThere is wide variation in the training outcome assessments across surgical specialties. General surgery has higher rates of non-standard outcomes compared with other surgical specialties. Across all specialties, female sex and older age were associated with non-standard outcomes.
Reopening strategies, mobility and COVID-19 infections in Europe: panel data analysis
Authors: Franks Jeffrey , Gruss Bertrand , Mulas-Granados Carlos , Patnam Manasa , Weber Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesCharacterise the reopening policies of European countries after the first wave of infections and evaluate how these policies affected economic activity and subsequent infections.Study designUsing publicly available data, we construct a database of reopening policy announcements by country authorities and develop measures related to the speed and timing of reopening. Using panel data regressions, we then assess how a country’s reopening action subsequently affected its mobility and COVID-19 infections. Samples of 22 European countries used in the study comprise: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the UK.Main outcomesMobility index as well as COVID-19 case and death counts.ResultsReopening policies are associated with a 1.5 percentage point increase in mobility and a 4% increase in subsequent infections after 2 weeks. However, some reopening strategies are associated with lower infection risk. In particular, early and fast reopeners saw 5%–10% increases in infections relative to those that opened later and adopted a gradual approach. The sequencing of sectoral reopenings matters, with infection amplification effects larger for some sectors (like retail and events) than others (like schools).ConclusionsFindings suggest some merit of gradual and late reopening strategies with a careful sequencing of sectoral openings based on their infection amplification risks.
Three-year results of accelerated transepithelial cross-linking (30 mW/cm2× 3 min) for keratoconus: a prospective study
Authors: Ishii Hitoha , Yoshida Junko , Toyono Tetsuya , Yamagami Satoru , Usui Tomohiko , Miyai Takashi 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the long-term efficacy and safety of accelerated transepithelial corneal cross-linking (ATE-CXL) with 30 mW/cm2× 3 min.Methods and AnalysisThirty-four eyes of 23 patients with progressive keratoconus (KCN) recruited within a single centre were enrolled in this prospective interventional study. Exclusion criteria included: history of Descemet’s membrane rupture, glaucoma, uveitis, severe dry eye, concurrent corneal infections, and systemic disease that could affect corneal healing. ATE-CXL was performed with 3 min of ultraviolet-A continuous irradiation (30 mW/cm2). Follow-up examinations were scheduled on postoperative day 1; 1 and 2 weeks; 1, 3 and 6 months; and 1, 2 and 3 years. Main outcome measures were maximum corneal power (Kmax), average corneal power (AvgK), steepest corneal power (Ks), central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and endothelial cell density.ResultsMean Kmax, AvgK, Ks, UCVA, BCVA and endothelial cell density did not significantly change over 3 years. The speed of progression obtained by linear regression analysis on corneal parameters (Kmax, AvgK, Ks) improved after ATE-CXL. All baseline parameters correlated with the postoperative Kmax slope. Two eyes underwent ATE-CXL redo because of continued progression after the primary CXL.ConclusionThis is the first report of 3-year results of ATE-CXL with 30 mW/cm2× 3 min. ATE-CXL (30 mW/cm2× 3 min) was safe and effective for slowing down KCN progression.Trial registration numberThis study was registered with ID UMIN000009372 in UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry.
Delivery of remote otology care: a UK pilot feasibility study
Authors: Forde Cillian T , Dimitrov Lilia , Doal Suneal , Patel Jay , Clare Dawn , Burslem Michael , Mehta Nishchay , Manjaly Joseph G 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed the need to implement the National Health Service Long-Term Plan to deliver more care in the community and to reduce face-to-face hospital appointments by up to 33%. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a remote otology service from triage through to delivery.MethodsNew adult otology referrals at a tertiary ear, nose and throat (ENT) hospital aged between 18 and 70 with hearing loss or tinnitus were included. Patients attended an audiology-led community clinic where they underwent a focused history, audiometric testing, and a smartphone-based application and otoscope (Tympa System) was used to capture still and video images of their eardrums. The information was reviewed by ENT clinicians using a remote review platform with a subset of patients subsequently undergoing an in-person review to measure concordance between the two assessments.Results58 patients participated. 75% of patients had their pathways shortened by one hospital visit with 65% avoiding any hospital attendances. 24% required an additional face-to-face appointment due to incomplete views of the tympanic membrane or need for additional examinations. Electronic validation by a blinded consultant otologist demonstrated a diagnosis concordance of 95%, and concordance between remote-review and in-person consultations in the 12 patients who agreed to attend for an in-person review was 83.3%. 98% of patients were satisfied with the pathway.ConclusionThis pilot service is feasible, safe and non-inferior to the traditional outpatient model in the included patient group. There is potential for the development of a community audiology-led service or use for general practioner advice and guidance.
Prognostic accuracy of triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19 in a prehospital setting: an observational cohort study
Authors: Marincowitz Carl , Sutton Laura , Stone Tony , Pilbery Richard , Campbell Richard , Thomas Benjamin , Turner Janette , Bath Peter A , Bell Fiona , Biggs Katie , Hasan Madina , Hopfgartner Frank , Mazumdar Suvodeep , Petrie Jennifer , Goodacre Steve 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTools proposed to triage patient acuity in COVID-19 infection have only been validated in hospital populations. We estimated the accuracy of five risk-stratification tools recommended to predict severe illness and compared accuracy to existing clinical decision making in a prehospital setting.MethodsAn observational cohort study using linked ambulance service data for patients attended by Emergency Medical Service (EMS) crews in the Yorkshire and Humber region of England between 26 March 2020 and 25 June 2020 was conducted to assess performance of the Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage (PRIEST) tool, National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), WHO algorithm, CRB-65 and Pandemic Medical Early Warning Score (PMEWS) in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. The primary outcome was death or need for organ support.ResultsOf the 7549 patients in our cohort, 17.6% (95% CI 16.8% to 18.5%) experienced the primary outcome. The NEWS2 (National Early Warning Score, version 2), PMEWS, PRIEST tool and WHO algorithm identified patients at risk of adverse outcomes with a high sensitivity (>0.95) and specificity ranging from 0.3 (NEWS2) to 0.41 (PRIEST tool). The high sensitivity of NEWS2 and PMEWS was achieved by using lower thresholds than previously recommended. On index assessment, 65% of patients were transported to hospital and EMS decision to transfer patients achieved a sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.85) and specificity of 0.39 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.40).ConclusionUse of NEWS2, PMEWS, PRIEST tool and WHO algorithm could improve sensitivity of EMS triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. Use of the PRIEST tool would improve sensitivity of triage without increasing the number of patients conveyed to hospital.
Clinical practice guideline for the management of paediatric Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Authors: Yiu Eppie M , Bray Paula , Baets Jonathan , Baker Steven K , Barisic Nina , de Valle Katy , Estilow Timothy , Farrar Michelle A , Finkel Richard S , Haberlová Jana , Kennedy Rachel A , Moroni Isabella , Nicholson Garth A , Ramchandren Sindhu , Reilly Mary M , Rose Kristy , Shy Michael E , Siskind Carly E , Yum Sabrina W , Menezes Manoj P , Ryan Monique M , Burns Joshua 
Published: February 2022

Background and objectivesCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited neuropathy and often presents during childhood. Guidelines for the optimal management of common problems experienced by individuals with CMT do not exist, for either children or adults. We formed the Paediatric CMT Best Practice Guidelines Consortium to develop evidence and consensus-based recommendations for the clinical management of children and adolescents with CMT, with the primary objective of promoting optimal, standardised care globally.MethodsDevelopment of this clinical practice guideline involved a series of systematic reviews covering 10 clinical questions, modified Delphi methodology involving an international panel of clinicians to generate consensus where evidence did not exist, and application of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to evaluate the body of literature and formulate recommendations.ResultsThe final guideline includes three evidence-based and 31 consensus-based recommendations. They encompass the management of muscle weakness, balance and mobility impairment, sensory symptoms, muscle cramps, impaired upper limb function, respiratory impairment, maintenance of joint range of motion and non-surgical management of joint deformity. Consensus was not achieved in some management areas, reflecting differences in practice between clinicians and healthcare settings, and highlighting the need for further research.ConclusionsThis clinical practice guideline provides practical and implementable guidance on the management of common clinical problems experienced by children with CMT and advocates for improved access to multidisciplinary care. Successful dissemination and implementation of these recommendations will be critical in ensuring their application across multiple healthcare settings.
Memory effect of the pp waves with torsion
Authors: Cvetković B. , Simić D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe analyse the motion of test particles in the spacetime of the plane-fronted (pp) waves with torsion in four-dimensions. We conclude that there is a velocity memory effect in the direction of advanced time and along radial direction, while we have rotation of particles in angular direction. The velocity memory effect in the aforementioned directions is severely affected by the value of the tordion mass and probably it is not observable. A very interesting, probably observable effect, steams from the rotation, which is insensitive to the tordion mass.
Demystifying the Soft and Hardened Memory Systems of Modern FPGAs for Software Programmers through Microbenchmarking
Authors: Lu Alec , Fang Zhenman , Shannon Lesley 
Published: February 2022

Both modern datacenter and embedded Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide great opportunities for high-performance and high-energy-efficiency computing. With the growing public availability of FPGAs from major cloud service providers such as AWS, Alibaba, and Nimbix, as well as uniform hardware accelerator development tools (such as Xilinx Vitis and Intel oneAPI) for software programmers, hardware and software developers can now easily access FPGA platforms. However, it is nontrivial to develop efficient FPGA accelerators, especially for software programmers who use high-level synthesis (HLS).The major goal of this article is to figure out how to efficiently access the memory system of modern datacenter and embedded FPGAs in HLS-based accelerator designs. This is especially important for memory-bound applications; for example, a naive accelerator design only utilizes less than 5% of the available off-chip memory bandwidth. To achieve our goal, we first identify a comprehensive set of factors that affect the memory bandwidth, including (1) the clock frequency of the accelerator design, (2) the number of concurrent memory access ports, (3) the data width of each port, (4) the maximum burst access length for each port, and (5) the size of consecutive data accesses. Then, we carefully design a set of HLS-based microbenchmarks to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the memory systems of datacenter FPGAs (Xilinx Alveo U200 and U280) and embedded FPGA (Xilinx ZCU104) when changing those affecting factors, and we provide insights into efficient memory access in HLS-based accelerator designs. Comparing between the typically used soft and hardened memory systems, respectively, found on datacenter and embedded FPGAs, we further summarize their unique features and discuss the effective approaches to leverage these systems. To demonstrate the usefulness of our insights, we also conduct two case studies to accelerate the widely used K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) algorithms on datacenter FPGAs with a soft (and thus more flexible) memory system. Compared to the baseline designs, optimized designs leveraging our insights achieve about\( 3.5\times \)and\( 8.5\times \)speedups for the KNN and SpMV accelerators. Our final optimized KNN and SpMV designs on a Xilinx Alveo U200 FPGA fully utilize its off-chip memory bandwidth, and achieve about\( 5.6\times \)and\( 3.4\times \)speedups over the 24-core CPU implementations.
Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicle Using Quadratic Gain Bidirectional Converter
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Kumar Abhishek , Chaudhary Kalpana , Saket R. K. , Khan Baseem 
Published: February 2022

The manuscript proposes a quadratic gain bidirectional converter (QGBC). The proposed converter is operated in two different stages—step-up (motoring) and step-down (regenerative braking)—which can be employed in electric vehicle (EV) applications. The converter is operated in the continuous inductor current mode (CICM). For regenerative braking (RB) of permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor, the self-inductance of the motor is exploiting to step up the back electromagnetic force (EMF) of the motor to extract the energy even at low rotor speed. The design parameters of the converter are selected as battery voltage

V

s

=
48

V

, output voltage

V

o

=
200

V

, output power

P

o

=
1

kW

, and switching frequency

f

s

=
20

kHz

. The design system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, a 1 kW prototype is developed for validation and performance analysis of the converter. The converter operates at maximum efficiency of 95% during step-up operation of the converter. A DSP microcontroller TMS320F28335 is used to control the switches of the converter in the experimental setup.
Sarcopenia and Mortality Risk of Patients with Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei , Hu Chenghuan , Zhao Shuangping 
Published: February 2022

Background. The association between sarcopenia at admission and mortality in patients with sepsis has not been comprehensively evaluated. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the above association. Methods. This meta-analysis included relevant observational studies from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model after incorporation of the intrastudy heterogeneity was selected to pool the results. Subgroup analyses were applied to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on relationship. Results. Ten cohort studies including 2396 patients with sepsis were included, and 1496 (62.4%) of them had sarcopenia at presentation. Pooled results showed that compared to those without sarcopenia, septic patients with sarcopenia had a significantly increased early (in-hospital or 1-month) mortality risk (risk ration (RR): 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–2.87,

P

< 0.001; I2 = 46%). Subgroup analyses showed consistent association between sarcopenia and increased acute mortality risk in septic patients which were not affected by study characteristics such as study design, country of the study, clinical settings, diagnostic criteria for sepsis, age, gender of the patients, and methods for diagnosis of sarcopenia (

P

for all subgroup analyses >0.05). Further meta-analyses showed that sarcopenia was also associated with increased mortality risk in septic patients at 3–6 months (RR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.58–2.89,

P

< 0.001; I2 = 0%) and at 1 year (RR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09–2.24,

P

= 0.01; I2 = 29%). Conclusions. Current evidence suggests that sarcopenia may be a predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis.
Os cus de Judas, de António Lobo Antunes: uma releitura do passado histórico português a partir da desconstrução do “eu”
Authors: Baccarin-Costa Eduardo Luiz 
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo, recorte da nossa Dissertação de Mestrado, procura analisar, de maneira sucinta, como o romance Os Cus de Judas, de Antonio Lobo Antunes, propôs, por meio da memória, uma releitura do passado histórico de Portugal. A partir deste romance, de acordo com teóricos como Seixo (2002), Reis (2004) e Arnaut (2007), tanto a literatura portuguesa quanto a própria história e especialmente a Guerra Colonial de Angola e a Revolução dos Cravos pôde ser pensada e entendida. Também procuramos mostrar como, sob a perspectiva do narrador, o conflito de identidades entre colonizador e colonizado e as ideologias capitalistas e socialistas fragmentam o narrador-personagem, dando a ele a conotação de romance pós-moderno, como defendido por Hutcheon (1991).
A utopia matriarcal (re)encenada no tríptico brechtiano de Helena Ignez
Authors: Oliveira Sandro de 
Published: February 2022

Desde sua passagem pelas hostes do cinema marginal e pelo teatro experimental no Brasil, Helena Ignez flerta com os primados oswaldianos do Matriarcado de Pindorama. Na sua carreira como atriz – e agora também como realizadora –, revitaliza e subverte os princípios do matriarcado, trazendo à baila outros temas próximos a discussões mais amplas dos direitos humanos: reforma agrária, sexualidade liberta, ócio ligado à criatividade. Discute-se, então, como o tema do matriarcado de Oswald de Andrade chegou a esses filmes aqui nomeados de “tríptico brechtiano”, em que uma subversão temática é levada à tela através de experimentalidade formal do jogo do ator no cinema. Em sua obra, Ignez propõe uma contraposição criativa e confrontadora aos conceitos e protocolos de boas maneiras, na união formal de Brecht com o matriarcado de Oswald de Andrade.
Crimen y costumbre en el barrio de Tepito: notas sobre una sustracción miserable
Authors: Gutierrez Jovani Rivera 
Published: February 2022

Después de ser víctima por última vez de un robo en las inmediaciones de Tepito (espacio de la Ciudad de México en el que crecí), produje un relato del incidente a medio camino entre el diario de campo y el diario íntimo con el que me propuse analizar dos fenómenos: el primero son los principios que había incorporado durante mi socialización en el barrio y que en los viejos tiempos permitían administrar la ilegalidad, aunque siempre con límites, disrupciones o ajustes (como se sabe por los estereotipos e imágenes que circulan en la cultura pública nacional, los actos criminales siguen siendo cotidianos en Tepito); el segundo es una forma particular de robo a la que denominé sustracción miserable, un robo violento que dado su modus operandi es difícilmente perseguido o castigado y que propicia pequeñas transacciones que movilizan de manera constante algunas de las principales economías ilegales locales (el narcomenudeo, la compra/venta de mercancía robada).