bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences from whole blood and lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Fetterman Jessica L. , Sun Xianbang , Yan Kaiyu , Liu Poching , Luo Yan , Ding Jun , Zhu Jun , Levy Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) provide an unlimited source of genomic DNA for genetic studies. Here, we compared mtDNA sequence variants, heteroplasmic or homplasmic, between LCL (sequenced by mitoRCA-seq method) and whole blood samples (sequenced through whole genome sequencing approach) of the same 130 participants in the Framingham Heart Study. We applied harmonization of sequence coverages and consistent quality control to mtDNA sequences. We identified 866 variation sites in the 130 LCL samples and 666 sites in the 130 blood samples. More than 94% of the identified homoplasmies were present in both LCL and blood samples while more than 70% of heteroplasmic sites were uniquely present either in LCL or in blood samples. The LCL and whole blood samples carried a similar number of homoplasmic variants (p = 0.45) per sample while the LCL carried a greater number of heteroplasmic variants than whole blood per sample (p < 2.2e−16). Furthermore, the LCL samples tended to accumulate low level heteroplasmies (heteroplasmy level in 3–25%) than their paired blood samples (p = 0.001). These results suggest that cautions should be taken in the interpretation and comparison of findings when different tissues/cell types or different sequencing technologies are applied to obtain mtDNA sequences.
Ecological niche modeling predicting the potential distribution of African horse sickness virus from 2020 to 2060
Authors: Assefa Ayalew , Tibebu Abebe , Bihon Amare , Dagnachew Alemu , Muktar Yimer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfrican horse sickness is a vector-borne, non-contagious and highly infectious disease of equines caused by African horse sickness viruses (AHSv) that mainly affect horses. The occurrence of the disease causes huge economic impacts because of its high fatality rate, trade ban and disease control costs. In the planning of vectors and vector-borne diseases like AHS, the application of Ecological niche models (ENM) used an enormous contribution in precisely delineating the suitable habitats of the vector. We developed an ENM to delineate the global suitability of AHSv based on retrospective outbreak data records from 2005 to 2019. The model was developed in an R software program using the Biomod2 package with an Ensemble modeling technique. Predictive environmental variables like mean diurnal range, mean precipitation of driest month(mm), precipitation seasonality (cv), mean annual maximum temperature (oc), mean annual minimum temperature (oc), mean precipitation of warmest quarter(mm), mean precipitation of coldest quarter (mm), mean annual precipitation (mm), solar radiation (kj /day), elevation/altitude (m), wind speed (m/s) were used to develop the model. From these variables, solar radiation, mean maximum temperature, average annual precipitation, altitude and precipitation seasonality contributed 36.83%, 17.1%, 14.34%, 7.61%, and 6.4%, respectively. The model depicted the sub-Sahara African continent as the most suitable area for the virus. Mainly Senegal, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Madagascar and Malawi are African countries identified as highly suitable countries for the virus. Besides, OIE-listed disease-free countries like India, Australia, Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia have been found suitable for the virus. This model can be used as an epidemiological tool in planning control and surveillance of diseases nationally or internationally.
Trap-state mapping to model GaN transistors dynamic performance
Authors: Modolo Nicola , De Santi Carlo , Minetto Andrea , Sayadi Luca , Prechtl Gerhard , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrapping phenomena degrade the dynamic performance of wide-bandgap transistors. However, the identification of the related traps is challenging, especially in presence of non-ideal defects. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology (trap-state mapping) to extract trap parameters, based on the mathematical study of stretched exponential recovery kinetics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, we use it to identify the properties of traps in AlGaN/GaN transistors, submitted to hot-electron stress. After describing the mathematical framework, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology can univocally describe the properties of the distribution of trap states. In addition, to prove the validity and the usefulness of the model, the trap properties extracted mathematically are used as input for TCAD simulations. The results obtained by TCAD closely match the experimental transient curves, thus confirming the accuracy of the trap-state mapping procedure. This methodology can be adopted also on other technologies, thus constituting a universal approach for the analysis of multiexponential trapping kinetics.
Comparison of GATK and DeepVariant by trio sequencing
Authors: Lin Yi-Lin , Chang Pi-Chuan , Hsu Ching , Hung Miao-Zi , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Lai FeiPei , Lee Ni-Chung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed genetic testing, it generates large quantities of noisy data that require a significant amount of bioinformatics to generate useful interpretation. The accuracy of variant calling is therefore critical. Although GATK HaplotypeCaller is a widely used tool for this purpose, newer methods such as DeepVariant have shown higher accuracy in assessments of gold-standard samples for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), but a side-by-side comparison on clinical samples has not been performed. Trio WES was used to compare GATK (4.1.2.0) HaplotypeCaller and DeepVariant (v0.8.0). The performance of the two pipelines was evaluated according to the Mendelian error rate, transition-to-transversion (Ti/Tv) ratio, concordance rate, and pathological variant detection rate. Data from 80 trios were analyzed. The Mendelian error rate of the 77 biological trios calculated from the data by DeepVariant (3.09 ± 0.83%) was lower than that calculated from the data by GATK (5.25 ± 0.91%) (p < 0.001). DeepVariant also yielded a higher Ti/Tv ratio (2.38 ± 0.02) than GATK (2.04 ± 0.07) (p < 0.001), suggesting that DeepVariant proportionally called more true positives. The concordance rate between the 2 pipelines was 88.73%. Sixty-three disease-causing variants were detected in the 80 trios. Among them, DeepVariant detected 62 variants, and GATK detected 61 variants. The one variant called by DeepVariant but not GATK HaplotypeCaller might have been missed by GATK HaplotypeCaller due to low coverage. OTC exon 2 (139 bp) deletion was not detected by either method. Mendelian error rate calculation is an effective way to evaluate variant callers. By this method, DeepVariant outperformed GATK, while the two pipelines performed equally in other parameters.
Specific absorption rate reduction for sub-6 frequency range using polarization dependent metamaterial with high effective medium ratio
Authors: Ramachandran Tayaallen , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Islam Mohammad Tariqul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research study introduces a multi-layered square-shaped metamaterial (MSM) structure for the electromagnetic (EM) absorption reduction in wireless mobile devices. Usually, wireless devices, for example, a cellular phone emits radiofrequency (RF) energy to the surroundings when used it. Moreover, fast-growing wireless communication technologies that support cellular data networks have also motivated this study. Hence, the focus of the research was to reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for the Sub-6 frequency range by designing a multi-layered and compact, 10 × 10mm2 sized metamaterial structure that can be attached inside a mobile phone by avowing any overlapping with existing parts. Overall, six distinct square-shaped metamaterials were constructed on 0.25 mm thick Rogers RO3006 substrate material to reach the target of this investigation. Furthermore, numerical simulations of the proposed metamaterial electromagnetic properties and SAR reduction values were performed by adopting Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio 2019 software. From these simulations, the proposed MSM structure exhibited multi-band resonance frequencies accurately at 1.200, 1.458, 1.560, 1.896 GHz (at L-band), 2.268, 2.683 2.940, 3.580 GHz (at S-band) and 5.872 GHz (at C-band). Simultaneously, the proposed MSM structure was simulated in High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to authenticate the numerical simulation data. The comparison of simulation data shows that only the primary and last resonance frequencies were reduced by 0.02 and 0.012 GHz, whereas the rest of the frequencies were increased by 0.042, 0.030, 0.040, 0.032, 0.107, 0.080, and 0.020 GHz in sequential order. In addition, the introduced MSM structure manifests left-handed behaviour at all the resonance frequencies. Nevertheless, the highest recorded SAR values were 98.136% and 98.283% at 1.560 GHz for 1 g and 10 g of tissue volumes. In conclusion, the proposed MSM met the objectives of this research study and can be employed in EM absorption reduction applications.
Metagenomic analysis of microbial community structure and function in a improved biofilter with odorous gases
Authors: Ni Jianguo , Yang Huayun , Chen Liqing , Xu Jiadong , Zheng Liangwei , Xie Guojian , Shen Chenjia , Li Weidong , Liu Qi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiofilters have been broadly applied to degrade the odorous gases from industrial emissions. A industrial scale biofilter was set up to treat the odorous gases. To explore biofilter potentials, the microbial community structure and function must be well defined. Using of improved biofilter, the differences in microbial community structures and functions in biofilters before and after treatment were investigated by metagenomic analysis. Odorous gases have the potential to alter the microbial community structure in the sludge of biofilter. A total of 90,016 genes assigned into various functional metabolic pathways were identified. In the improved biofilter, the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi, and the dominant genera were Thioalkalivibrio, Thauera, and Pseudomonas. Several xenobiotic biodegradation-related pathways showed significant changes during the treatment process. Compared with the original biofilter, Thermotogae and Crenarchaeota phyla were significantly enriched in the improved biofilter, suggesting their important role in nitrogen-fixing. Furthermore, several nitrogen metabolic pathway-related genes, such as nirA and nifA, and sulfur metabolic pathway-related genes, such as fccB and phsA, were considered to be efficient genes that were involved in removing odorous gases. Our findings can be used for improving the efficiency of biofilter and helping the industrial enterprises to reduce the emission of waste gases.
Immune-related adverse events in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Argnani Lisa , Casadei Beatrice , Pelusi Carla , Lo Preiato Valentina , Pagotto Uberto , Bertoni Francesco , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show efficacy in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). However, these agents are associated with a unique group of side effects called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We conducted an observational retrospective/prospective study on patients with relapsed/refractory NHL treated with ICI to determine the incidence of irAEs assessing the type, severity, and timing of onset, outcome and relationship with study drugs of these events. Thirty-two patients underwent ICI as single agent (N = 20) or in combination (N = 12). Ten patients (31.3%) developed at least one irAE for a total of 17 irAEs. Median time to presentation of irAEs was 69 days (range 0–407) with a median resolution time of 16 days (range 0–98). Progression free survival at 24 months for patients who developed an irAE was 40% and 31.8% for who did not. Overall survival for the two groups did not differ (at 24 months 40.0% and 62.5% for patients without and with irAE, respectively), but the median for who developed an irAE was not reached. The incidence of irAEs was associated with better long-term survival in NHL treated with ICIs but patients’ disease conditions need to be carefully evaluated to decide the optimal management.
A neuromorphic spiking neural network detects epileptic high frequency oscillations in the scalp EEG
Authors: Burelo Karla , Ramantani Georgia , Indiveri Giacomo , Sarnthein Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterictal High Frequency Oscillations (HFO) are measurable in scalp EEG. This development has aroused interest in investigating their potential as biomarkers of epileptogenesis, seizure propensity, disease severity, and treatment response. The demand for therapy monitoring in epilepsy has kindled interest in compact wearable electronic devices for long-term EEG recording. Spiking neural networks (SNN) have emerged as optimal architectures for embedding in compact low-power signal processing hardware. We analyzed 20 scalp EEG recordings from 11 pediatric focal lesional epilepsy patients. We designed a custom SNN to detect events of interest (EoI) in the 80–250 Hz ripple band and reject artifacts in the 500–900 Hz band. We identified the optimal SNN parameters to detect EoI and reject artifacts automatically. The occurrence of HFO thus detected was associated with active epilepsy with 80% accuracy. The HFO rate mirrored the decrease in seizure frequency in 8 patients (p = 0.0047). Overall, the HFO rate correlated with seizure frequency (rho = 0.90 CI [0.75 0.96], p < 0.0001, Spearman’s correlation). The fully automated SNN detected clinically relevant HFO in the scalp EEG. This study is a further step towards non-invasive epilepsy monitoring with a low-power wearable device.
Application of moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method on retro-oil fluid using three-dimensional vitreous cavity models from magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gozawa Makoto , Watanabe Naoki , Iwasaki Kentaro , Takamura Yoshihiro , Inatani Masaru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSilicone oil (SO) is a safe and widely used intraocular tamponade agent for treating complicated vitreoretinal diseases, such as retinal detachments (RRDs) with inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). However, as the human vitreous cavity is irregularly shaped, it is difficult to predict the area of the inferior retina covered with SO and the retro-oil fluid currents in each patient. Here, we performed fluid simulation analysis using the moving particle semi-implicit method on the oil cover rates and absolute velocity gradient of retro-oil fluid to the retina using vitreous cavity models derived from magnetic resonance imaging of patients to determine the appropriate amount of SO and postoperative position to achieve a sufficient tamponade effect on the inferior retina. In all seven vitreous cavity models tested, the inferior quadrant of the retina was completely covered by SO in more positions and the absolute velocity gradient of the retro-oil fluid in contact with the retinal wall caused by eye and head movements was lower when the vitreous cavity was filled with 95% SO and 5% retro-oil fluid versus 80% SO and 20% retro-oil fluid. Taken together, these findings have clinical implications for the treatment of complicated RRDs with inferior PVR requiring SO tamponade.
Neural network compensation control of magnetic levitation ball position based on fuzzy inference
Authors: Tang Jiawei , Huang Zhiwen , Zhu Yidan , Zhu Jianmin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem of poor transient performance of the control system caused by the control uncertainty of the undertrained neural network, a neural network compensation control method based on fuzzy inference is proposed in this paper. The method includes three control substructures: fuzzy inference block, neural network control block and basic control block. The fuzzy inference block adaptively adjusts the neural network compensation control quantity according to the control error and the error rate of change, and adds a dynamic adjustment factor to ensure the control quality at the initial stage of network learning or at the moment of signal transition. The neural network control block is composed of an identifier and a controller with the same network structure. After the identifier learns the dynamic inverse model of the controlled object online, its training parameters are dynamically copied to the controller for real-time compensation control. The basic control block uses a traditional PID controller to provide online learning samples for the neural network control block. The simulation and experimental results of the position control of the magnetic levitation ball show that the proposed method significantly reduces the overshoot and settling time of the control system without sacrificing the steady-state accuracy of neural network compensation control, and has good transient and steady-state performance and strong robustness simultaneously.
Trends in myocarditis incidence, complications and mortality in Sweden from 2000 to 2014
Authors: Fu Michael , Kontogeorgos Silvana , Thunström Erik , Zverkova Sandström Tatiana , Kroon Christian , Bollano Entela , Schaufelberger Maria , Rosengren Annika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvestigate trends in myocarditis incidence and prognosis in Sweden during 2000–2014. Little data exist concerning population-trends in incidence of hospitalizations for myocarditis and subsequent prognosis. Linking Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers, we identified individuals ≥ 16 years with first-time diagnosis of myocarditis during 2000–2014. Reference population, matched for age and birth year (n = 16,622) was selected from Swedish Total Population Register. Among the 8 679 cases (75% men, 64% < 50 years), incidence rate/100,000 inhabitants rose from 6.3 to 8.6 per 100,000, mostly in men and those < 50 years. Incident heart failure/dilated cardiomyopathy occurred in 6.2% within 1 year after index hospitalization and in 10.2% during 2000–2014, predominantly in those ≥ 50 years (12.1% within 1 year, 20.8% during 2000–2014). In all 8.1% died within 1 year, 0.9% (< 50 years) and 20.8% (≥ 50 years). Hazard ratios (adjusted for age, sex) for 1-year mortality comparing cases and controls were 4.00 (95% confidence interval 1.37–11.70), 4.48 (2.57–7.82), 4.57 (3.31–6.31) and 3.93 (3.39–4.57) for individuals aged < 30, 30 to < 50, 50 to < 70, and ≥ 70 years, respectively. The incidence of myocarditis during 2000–2014 increased, predominantly in men < 50 years. One-year mortality was low, but fourfold higher compared with reference population.
Havre 2012 pink pumice is evidence of a short-lived, deep-sea, magnetite nanolite-driven explosive eruption
Authors: Knafelc Joseph , Bryan Scott E. , Jones Michael W. M. , Gust David , Mallmann Guil , Cathey Henrietta E. , Berry Andrew J. , Ferré Eric C. , Howard Daryl L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Havre 2012 deep-sea rhyolite eruption went unobserved and was initially recognised from a massive pumice raft at the sea surface. Havre pumices are predominantly white or grey, however pink pumice is common in the raft. In subaerial explosive eruptions, pink pumice is understood to result from high-temperature atmospheric iron-oxidation. The presence of pink pumice questions the effusive eruption model for the Havre raft. Here we report results from X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, TEM imaging and glass chemistry that collectively show the colour results from increasing amounts of magnetite nanolites in the raft pumice glass oxidizing to hematite. This suggests a short-lived but powerful explosive eruption phase penetrated the water column allowing hot pyroclasts to oxidise in air. Our results therefore challenge the known depth limits for explosive eruptions in the marine realm and suggest pink pumice can be an indicator of magnetite nanolite-driven explosive eruptions.
A radical–radical cross-coupling reaction of xanthene with sulfonyl hydrazides: facile access to xanthen-9-sulfone derivatives
Authors: Das Sumit , Roy Shantonu , Bhowmik Arup , Sarkar Writhabrata , Mondal Imtiaj , Mishra Aniket , Saha Shubhra Jyoti , Karmakar Sudip , Deb Indubhusan 
Published: February 2022

A straightforward strategy for the direct incorporation of sulfonyl units into a xanthene moiety for accessing xanthen-9-sulfone derivatives has been established via metal-free radical–radical cross-coupling reaction of xanthenes and sulfonyl hydrazides.
A robust and accurate discrete Fourier transform‐based phasor estimation method for frequency domain fault location of power transmission lines
Authors: Liang Yuansheng , Zhang Zihong , Li Haifeng , Ding Jiayan , Wang Gang , Chen Lixin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrequency domain methods had been commonly used in power transmission line fault location. To improve the accuracy of frequency domain fault location methods, this paper studies a robust and accurate discrete Fourier transform (DFT)‐based phasor estimation method. First, this paper analyses the deviation characteristics of DFT output phasors caused by decaying DC components with data window sliding. Based on these characteristics, this paper employs rotation factor computation to construct linear equations for the purpose of estimating the accurate fundamental frequency phasor during fault transient process. In this way, the accurate fundamental frequency phasor can be calculated by a two‐step linear operation. Furthermore, to eliminate the effect of off‐nominal frequency, the proposed method adjusts frequency deviation by using interpolation method. To further enhance the robustness for frequency domain fault location, the PauTa criterion is used to exclude the anomalous equations in the phasor estimation process. Finally, electro‐magnetic fault simulation is used to evaluate the proposed method. The test results demonstrate that the proposed method improve the accuracy of fault location during the fault transient process.
Application of energy flow analysis in investigating machine‐side oscillations of full converter‐based wind generation systems
Authors: Hu Yong , Bu Siqi , Luo Jianqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe machine‐side oscillation (MSO) of the full converter‐based wind generation (FCWG) systems is a critical threat to the reliable wind power supply. The introduction of the auxiliary resonance controller (ARC) to the machine‐side converter (MSC) controls of FCWG can effectively improve the converter‐driven stability of the power grid, but it would also complicate MSOs of FCWG. Thus, it is of great significance to study the damping feature of MSOs of FCWG. In this paper, the energy flow analysis (EFA) is applied to quantitatively investigate MSOs of FCWG. Firstly, the configuration and machine‐side control loops of FCWG are briefly introduced. Then, a mode screening‐based EFA is proposed for evaluating the damping feature of MSOs of FCWG in the time domain by applying the principle of the Laplace transform. After that, the eigenvalue analysis is conducted for MSOs of FCWG in the frequency domain to lay a foundation for revealing the essence of EFA. On this basis, the consistency of EFA with the eigenvalue analysis is strictly proved based on the Parseval's Theorem, which is applicable for arbitrary control schemes of FCWG. Finally, the proposed EFA is applied in numerically investigating multiple types of MSOs of FCWG in case studies.