bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International trade, job training, and labor reallocation
Authors: Blyde Juan , Pires Jose Claudio , Rodríguez Chatruc Marisol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large literature studies the impact of increased import competition on workers' outcomes, however, relatively few studies examine which policies can aid workers displaced by trade. In this article, we evaluate the impact of an industrial job training program in Brazil on workers displaced from manufacturing sectors. We find that industrial training increases the probability of re‐entry into the formal labor market 1 year after displacement by about 17 percentage points and is even more effective for workers displaced from sectors exposed to high import competition. This effect is mainly associated with workers switching sectors and occupations after training.
The prevalence of sacroiliac joint CT and MRI findings is high in large breed dogs
Authors: Wise Robert , Jones Jeryl , Werre Stephen , Aguirre Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSacroiliac joint (SIJ) disease has been described as one of the possible causes of lumbosacral (LS) region pain in dogs. However, published information is currently lacking for the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of canine SIJ disease. The objectives of this retrospective, observational study were to describe and quantify CT and MRI SIJ findings in a sample of large breed dogs and test associations between the numbers of SIJ findings and other variables. Data archives for a veterinary teaching hospital were searched for large breed dogs (≥ 22.7 kg) that had CT or MRI scans of the LS and pelvic regions in 2015–2019. Dogs with a history of acute trauma or scans with incomplete SIJs were excluded. A veterinary student recorded medical record findings. A veterinary radiologist and graduate student recorded CT and MRI findings based on previously published criteria in dogs and humans. Fifty‐three dogs were sampled (20 CT, 33 MRI). Categories of findings with the highest prevalence were subchondral erosion (100% CT, 100% MRI) and subchondral sclerosis (95% CT, 97% MRI). The total numbers of SIJ findings per dog were not associated with dog age, sex, weight, or concurrent findings in the LS or pelvic regions. The total number of MRI SIJ findings per dog differed between German Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers (P = 0.0237) as well as between Labrador Retrievers and other breeds (P = 0.0414). These results indicated that CT and MRI findings reported in humans with SIJ disease are common in large breed dogs.
Angustia moral y educación médica: revisión temática para la visibilización de un problema en expansión.
Authors: Medina Ana María , Arias Delgado Diego , Ramírez Pazos Jerónimo , Velasquez Robles Dario , Cuervo Landinez Maria Paula , López Sanmiguel Andrea , Salgado Cendales Andrés 
Published: June 2022

La angustia moral (AM) es un fenómeno descrito en el personal de salud, que poco a poco va ganando interés por estar involucrado en la cotidianidad de la toma de decisiones clínicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estructurar una visión general del concepto. Se realizó una revisión temática con análisis cualitativo del contenido de 40 artículos relacionados con el tema y obtenidos de la base datos PubMed. Obteniendo que la AM es un fenómeno multicausal del cual no se tiene aún un modelo concreto que permita entenderla e interpretarla por lo que no se conoce su frecuencia, su intensidad o el alcance de su impacto a ciencia cierta. La AM es un fenómeno que no tiene un cuerpo teórico que permita entenderla por completo, por lo que se hace necesario diseñar herramientas interdisciplinares que permitan su comprensión y abordaje.
Síndrome de Embolia por silicona: Una revisión de tema
Authors: Ávila Arenas Lina María , Londoño Duarte María Piedad , Ojeda Toro German Danilo 
Published: June 2022

Desde su descubrimiento la silicona ha tenido amplios y diversos usos, tal es el caso de la silicona de uso médico (polidimetilsiloxano) que se ha empleado con diferentes propósitos como implantes valvulares, articulares, procedimientos oculares, procedimientos cosméticos y reconstructivos, sin embargo, su utilización se ha extendido fuera del campo médico profesional, con la realización de procedimientos estéticos clandestinos favoreciendo la aparición de complicaciones (14), como el desplazamiento o migración de la silicona desde el sitio inyectado, inflamación de la piel en el sitio de inyección, lipodistrofia, granulomas nodulares, lesiones quísticas, ulceraciones, cicatrices desfigurantes, problemas respiratorios y embolia sistémica de silicona, siendo este último potencialmente fatal sin diagnóstico ni tratamiento oportuno (6). Esta entidad es una complicación grave que se presenta posterior a la administración de la silicona a nivel del tejido subcutáneo, en donde factores como la pureza, técnica y volumen del material inyectado juegan un papel importante en la patogénesis de este síndrome (2).
El propósito del presente artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura del síndrome de embolia de silicona líquida, patología poco frecuente, pero que debe ser considerada como posibilidad diagnóstica en el paciente con antecedente de inyección de silicona que se presenta con síntomas respiratorios.
Ripple Effect
Authors: Costa Kevin D. , Lee Charles Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As we enter the third year of the COVID era, it is crucial that policymakers and manufacturers revisit the medical supply chain. We all need to better understand how the Defense Production Act can distort the supply chain in ways that ripple out beyond the specific productions being requisitioned. More importantly, the country needs to commit itself to a domestic manufacturing capability so that it won’t be left with critical shortages the next time a crisis hits.
The Stefan Problem With Internal Heat Generation in Spherical Coordinates
Authors: Williams Sidney , Barannyk Lyudmyla , Crepeau John , Paulus Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A weakly time-dependent equation for the evolution of the solid–liquid interface in spherical coordinates, driven by internal heat generation, is derived for constant surface temperature boundary conditions. The derivation comes by making an assumption that the interface moves slowly compared to the changes in the temperature so that the technique of separation of variables may be applied for Stefan numbers less than one. Under this approximation, we can separate the nonhomogeneous heat diffusion equation into transient and steady-state terms, and then integrate to get the temperature relations. With the temperature equations in hand, the derivatives are inserted into the interface equation giving a first-order differential equation for the location of the solid–liquid interface as a function of time. The results are compared to a previously derived quasi-static solution and a numerical simulation generated using the method of catching of the front. This method allows for direct tracking of a moving boundary via the calculation of the time it takes to move from node to node in a discretized grid characteristic of classical finite difference methods. Plots of the interface evolution show excellent agreement between the three methods, especially for lower Stefan numbers. The quality of the approximation decreases as the Stefan number increases, but the model is more accurate than the previously studied quasi-static model. For the Stefan numbers St = 1.0 and 10.0, the weakly time-dependent solutions are in better agreement with the numerical results than the quasi-static solutions.
Forced Convection in a Transpired Passage With a Porous Medium Insert
Authors: Bai Xiaohui , Yi Yuan , Liu Cunliang , Nakayama Akira 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Forced convective heat transfer in a passage with a porous medium matrix subjected to uniform blowing has been fully analyzed, using a local thermal nonequilibrium approach, in application of transpiration systems on the basis of porous medium. An exact solution was found for the asymptotic case of infinitely high interstitial Biot number. In order to extend the problem to general local nonthermal equilibrium cases, an analytical solution procedure has been developed, introducing six unknown parameters to describe both fluid and solid temperature profiles, which are then determined by solving six independent differential and integral equations based on the two energy equations for individual phases and their corresponding boundary conditions. The important performance index for the problem, namely, the overall cooling effectiveness is found quite sensitive not only to the blowing ratio, but also to the interstitial Biot number and fluid to solid effective thermal conductivity ratio. It rises with the blowing ratio and effective thermal conductivity ratio, while it drops as increasing the interstitial Biot number toward the local thermal equilibrium. The present analysis reveals that the local nonthermal equilibrium analysis is definitely needed for accurate estimation of the transpiration-cooled wall temperature.
Analysis of Large Eddy Simulations and 1D Hot-Wire Data to Determine Actively Generated Main Flow Turbulence in a Film Cooling Test Rig
Authors: Fischer Lukas , Straußwald Michael , Pfitzner Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Active turbulence generators were incorporated into a wind tunnel to investigate more realistic inflow conditions for a film cooling test rig. The flow field signals are sampled numerically by probes in large eddy simulations (LES) and experimentally using 1D hot-wire measurements to determine turbulence quantities. The LES shows that the turbulence is anisotropic which cannot be detected by the 1D hot-wire. Furthermore, the integral length scale which shall provide insight into the sizes of the turbulent eddies is determined using two approaches. The first uses the one probe at two times correlation method and could be evaluated from the numerical and experimental probes. The second correlation method exploits the spatial resolution in the LES domain using the two probes at one time approach. Both methods show combustor-like turbulence length scales downstream of the active turbulence generators if the triple decomposition is applied onto the velocity signal.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation during exercise in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men with elevated body mass index
Authors: Demashkieh Mayada , Dalan Rinkoo , Burns Stephen Francis 
Published: June 2022

A cross-sectional pilot investigation was performed in Chinese, Indian, and Malay men (15 each) with elevated body mass index to compare ( i) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and ( ii) fat oxidation at rest and maximal fat oxidation during exercise. Predicted CRF (Chinese: 37.0 (5.1) mL·kg–1·min–1; Indian: 34.8 (5.6) mL·kg–1·min–1; Malay: 33.0 (7.1) mL·kg–1·min–1; P = 0.208) and resting fat oxidation were similar among groups. Maximal fat oxidation during exercise was lower in Indian (3.81 (1.02) mg·kg–1·min–1, P = 0.004) and Malay (3.36 (0.95) mg·kg–1·min–1, P < 0.001) than Chinese (5.17 (1.23) mg·kg–1·min–1) men. Fat oxidation during exercise may contribute toward obesity risk in Asian populations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05337111.
Fear as an enemy? Behavioral changes of Ananteris mauryi (Scorpiones: Buthidae) triggered by chemical cues from an intraguild predator
Authors: Feitosa Matheus L.B. , Dionisio-da-Silva Welton , Lira André F.A. , Teles-Pontes Wendel J. 
Published: June 2022

Fear level and intraguild predation are factors that act together to directly influence animal behavior, population dynamics, and community structure. These factors trigger stress, which promotes behavioral, morphological, physiological, and demographic changes, especially in the prey. Some invertebrates, such as scorpions, are known to have a refined chemoreception system to perceive both prey and predators. Therefore, we investigated the ability of an intraguild prey, the scorpion Ananteris mauryi Lourenço, 1982, to detect chemical traces of its predator, the scorpion Tityus pusillus Pocock, 1893. Our goal was to verify whether A. mauryi exhibits antipredator behavior induced exclusively by chemical cues from its predator. Ananteris mauryi specimens were subjected to two experimental treatments: one with and one without traces of T. pusillus. The results showed that A. mauryi tended to avoid substrates with chemical traces of T. pusillus, confirming its capacity for chemical detection. As a result of this perception, changes in behavioral frequencies were triggered, generating an antipredator behavioral repertoire. These findings were supported by behavioral changes, such as tail wagging, which is performed exclusively by scorpions in the presence of a predator and at imminent risk of predation.
The Effect of Tectonic Stress and Thermal Evolution on Shale Pores of Devonian and Carboniferous Shales in Southern China
Authors: Zhang Zhiyao , Xu Shang , Shi Wanzhong , Meng Fanyang , Gou Qiyang , Zhao Mingfang 
Published: June 2022

Many sets of Paleozoic marine organic-rich shale strata are developed in southern China. However, the exploration and development degree of these strata are different. Cambrian shale and Ordovician-Silurian shale are two horizons with high degree of exploration, while Devonian shale and Carboniferous shale exploration is deficient. Based on XRD, FE-SEM, and gas adsorption experiment, pore development characteristics and controlling factors of Devonian and Carboniferous shale are investigated. There are mainly four lithofacies in Devonian and Carboniferous shale: mixed shale (M), carbonate/siliceous mixed shale (M-1), argillaceous/siliceous mixed shale (M-2), and argillaceous-rich siliceous shale (S-3). Reservoir characteristics of both two sets of shale strata are quite different. The averages of porosity, pore volume, and specific surface area of Devonian shale are

3.81
%
,
9.7
×

10

−
3

cm3/g and 11.8 m2/g, while those of Carboniferous shale are 3.57%,

17.3
×

10

−
3

cm3/g and 19.8 m2/g. Thermal evolution (Ro) and tectonic preservation conditions are the main factors affecting the pore development. Carboniferous shale (

Ro
≈
2
%

) is in the stage of producing a large number of organic pores. Devonian shale (

Ro
≈
3.5
%

) is having difficulty preserving organic pores due to high thermal evolution. Meanwhile, Devonian shale (well GTD1) is strongly affected by tectonic movement; tectonic fractures and calcite veins are developed. Carboniferous shale (well GRY1) is in relatively stable area; tectonic fractures are not developed. Under the influence of compaction, the pore volume and specific surface area of Carboniferous shale are 78.3% and 67.8% higher than those of Devonian shale, respectively. This research can provide reference for clarifying shale pore development and evolution mechanism and similar shale gas exploration both in study area and around the world.
Investigating Rotor Conditions on Wind Turbines Using Integrating Tree Classifiers
Authors: Saha Bikash Chandra , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia , Sujatha M. , Vallikannu R. , Alanazi Mohana , Almadhor Ahmad , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Erko Kuma Gowwomsa , Sugumaran V. 
Published: June 2022

Renewable wind power is productive and feasible to manage the energy crisis and global warming. The wind turbine’s blades are the essential components. The dimension of wind turbine blades has been increased with blade sizes varying from approx. 25 m up to approx. 100 m or even greater with a specific purpose to increase energy efficiency. While wind turbine blades tend to be highly stressed by environmental conditions, the wind turbine blade must be constantly tested, inspected, and monitored for wind turbine blades safety monitoring. This research presents a methodology adaptation on machine learning technique for appropriate classification of different failure conditions on blade during turbine operation. Five defects were reported for the diagnosis study of defective wind turbine rotor blades, and the considered defects are blade crack, erosion, loose hub blade contact, angle twist, and blade bend. The statistical features have been drawn from the recorded vibration signals, and the important features was selected through J48 classifier. Eight tree-dependent classifiers were used to categorize the state of the rotor blades. Among the classifiers, the least absolute deviation tree performed better with the classification percentage of 90% (

Kappa

statistics
=
0.88

,

MAE
=
0.0362

, and

RMSE
=
0.1704

) with a computational time of 0.06 s.
Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Reports on TERT Expression and Early Response to Therapy in Cancer
Authors: Batsios Georgios , Taglang Céline , Tran Meryssa , Stevers Nicholas , Barger Carter , Gillespie Anne Marie , Ronen Sabrina M. , Costello Joseph F. , Viswanath Pavithra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Telomere maintenance is a hallmark of cancer. Most tumors maintain telomere length via reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression. Identifying clinically translatable imaging biomarkers of TERT can enable noninvasive assessment of tumor proliferation and response to therapy.

Experimental Design:
We used RNAi, doxycycline-inducible expression systems, and pharmacologic inhibitors to mechanistically delineate the association between TERT and metabolism in preclinical patient-derived tumor models. Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2H-MRS), which is a novel, translational metabolic imaging modality, was used for imaging TERT in cells and tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

Results:
Our results indicate that TERT expression is associated with elevated NADH in multiple cancers, including glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanistically, TERT acts via the metabolic regulator FOXO1 to upregulate nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, which is the key enzyme for NAD+ biosynthesis, and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which converts NAD+ to NADH. Because NADH is essential for pyruvate flux to lactate, we show that 2H-MRS–based assessment of lactate production from [U-2H]-pyruvate reports on TERT expression in preclinical tumor models in vivo, including at clinical field strength (3T). Importantly, [U-2H]-pyruvate reports on early response to therapy in mice bearing orthotopic patient-derived gliomas at early timepoints before radiographic alterations can be visualized by MRI.

Conclusions:
Elevated NADH is a metabolic consequence of TERT expression in cancer. Importantly, [U-2H]-pyruvate reports on early response to therapy, prior to anatomic alterations, thereby providing clinicians with a novel tool for assessment of tumor burden and treatment response in cancer.
THE EFFECT OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE ON THE MICROFLORA OF THE COLON
Authors: Koval D. B. , Malyarchuk H. R. , Levenets O. O. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Nowadays, much attention is paid to enterosorption methods that allow cleansing the internal organs and removing extraneous substances out of the body of a sick person.
Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effect of microcrystalline cellulose on the microflora of the large intestine.
Methods. The study was performed on 50 white laboratory Wistar rats weighing 180-270 g, which were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was daily administered with microcrystalline cellulose at a dose of 500 mg/kg. The study followed ethical standards and recommendations for the humanization of work with laboratory animals according to the “European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986, 2010), as well as the requirements of the Commission on Bioethics of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (Minutes No. 66, dated November 01, 2021). The first group involved the intact rats on standard diet, the second – the rats, which received normal feeding of microcrystalline cellulose.
Results. In the feces of the experimental white rats treated with microcrystalline cellulose, the level of Escherichia coli in the large intestine decreased by 22 and 25%. The number of these microorganisms increased by 20% in 7 days and by 14% in 14 days. The content of epidermal staphylococci in the stool decreased by 10% on the 7th day of administration. Microcrystalline cellulose increased the number of Staphylococcus aureus by 12%, but decreased the number of enterococci in the feces by 28%. In 7-14 days of the experiment, the content of these bacteria did not change significantly in the colon. In relation to anaerobic microorganisms – bacteroides and clostridia, this supplement caused a slight increase in the number of bacteroides – by 8.64% and the number of clostridia – by 11.54% on the 14th day. The content of fungi of the Candida genus on the 7th and 14th day increased by 8.3%.
Conclusions. In the 2nd period of the study, the microbiome of intestinal contents worsened: the process of dysbacteriosis increased, which was manifested by a significant increase in the number of Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobes (bacteroides, clostridia) and Candida spp., as well as decreased Escherichia coli and Enterococci.
EVALUATION OF IMMUNOBLOT RESULTS FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTIBODIES TO LYME DISEASE PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN OF TERNOPIL REGION
Authors: Nykytyuk S. O. , Klymnyuk S. I. , Klishch I. M. , Levenets S. S. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Lyme disease (LD) is a multisystem disorder caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and other similar tick-borne Borrelia.
Objective. The aim of the research was to compare the results of the serological examination of children with different forms of Lyme disease.
Methods. We observed the group of children (n=178) aged 1 to 14 years who were bitten by ticks. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children. Ticks were identified using a stereomicroscopic SEO system which included a stereomicroscope, a colour digital camera and a photoadapter. B. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzeliі and B. garinii), B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum DNA in blood were determined by real-time PCR. Baseline investigations related to clinical and immunological studies, including ELISA and Immunoblot, were performed.
Results. The survey covered 178 child parents bitten by ticks. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. garinii), B. miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum were identified. Serological results in children with different forms of Lyme disease were compared.
Conclusions. It is established that B. burgdorferi sensu lato; B. miyamotoi; and A. phagocytophilum are pathogens that cause erythema migrans in children. The presence of specific IgG (only positive results) to B. burgdorferi s.l. by immunoblot was confirmed in 83.8% of individuals who had positive and intermediate results in the ELISA test.
Fifteenth-Century Melaka’s Networked Ports-of-Trade and Maritime Diasporas in the Bay of Bengal and Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Hall Kenneth R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Internationally Western scholars have emphasized the importance of pre-fifteenth-century Western and Eastern Indian Ocean, South Asian, Bay of Bengal, South China; regional Java and wider Southeast Asia commercial, landed, maritime, and societal networking; and Islamic, Hindu, Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Notably where there were upstream agrarian hinterlands of early historical Southeast Asia polities, royal courts, temples, cultural centers, and traditional farming were relocated in the vulnerable regional downstream coastal ports-of-trade. This essay recenters the discussion of the changing role of Melaka’s trade ports and their engagement with maritime based trade as conducted by various regional populations.