bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring leaf hydraulic traits to predict drought tolerance ofEucalyptusclones
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo A , Cardoso Amanda A , Andrade Moab T , Pereira Talitha S , Araújo Wagner L , Santos Gleison A , Damatta Fábio M , Martins Samuel C V 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOngoing changes in climate, and the consequent mortality of natural and cultivated forests across the globe, highlight the urgent need to understand the plant traits associated with greater tolerance to drought. Here, we aimed at assessing key foliar traits, with a focus on the hydraulic component, that could confer a differential ability to tolerate drought in three commercial hybrids of the most important Eucalyptus species utilized in tropical silviculture: E. urophyla, E. grandis and E. camaldulensis. All genotypes exhibited similar water potential when the 90% stomatal closure (Ψgs90) occurs with Ψgs90 always preceding the start of embolism events. The drought-tolerant hybrid showed a higher leaf resistance to embolism, but the leaf hydraulic efficiency was similar among all genotypes. Other traits presented by the drought-tolerant hybrid were a higher cell wall reinforcement, lower value of osmotic potential at full turgor and greater bulk modulus of elasticity. We also identified that the leaf capacitance after the turgor loss, the ratio between cell wall thickness (t) and lumen breadth (b) ratio (t/b)3, and the minimal conductance might be good proxies for screening drought-tolerant Eucalyptus genotypes. Our findings suggest that xylem resistance to embolism can be an important component of drought tolerance in Eucalyptus in addition to other traits aimed at delaying the development of high tensions in the xylem.Highlight Drought tolerance in tropical Eucalyptus hybrids encompasses a high leaf resistance to embolism and a suite of traits aimed at delaying the development of high tensions in the xylem.
The Effect of Music Listening During Pulmonary or Cardiac Rehabilitation on Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Frank Hannah E. , Munro Prue E. , Clark Imogen , Lee Annemarie L. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
To determine the effects of music listening during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) or cardiac rehabilitation (CR) or their corresponding maintenance programs on clinical outcomes in people with respiratory or cardiac conditions.

Methods:
Studies were identified from 4 electronic databases. Two reviewers independently reviewed randomized controlled or crossover studies examining the effects of music listening compared with no music listening in individuals undertaking PR or CR or corresponding maintenance programs. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results:
Nine studies were included. Music listening during PR improved the incremental shuttle walk distance (mean difference [MD] of 73 m [95% CI 25.9–119.8]) compared with no music listening. This impact was absent in a CR maintenance program. When applied during PR programs, music listening had no effect on quality of life (standardized MD −4.6 points [95% CI −11.8 to 2.6]). Music listening had inconsistent effects on dyspnea and fatigue during PR and PR maintenance programs, but no impact on physical activity levels following CR or CR maintenance programs.

Conclusions:
Music listening during PR improved exercise capacity, but had no effect on quality of life. When applied during CR or CR maintenance, the impact on physical activity was negligible.
An Atypical Deep Penetrating Nevus With Mutations in Beta Catenin, BRAF V600E , and IDH1 R132C in an 8-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Ireland Amanda M. , Wood Benjamin A. , Whitfield Joseph , Amanuel Benhur , Harvey Nathan T. , Mesbah Ardakani Nima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Deep penetrating nevus (DPN) is a pigmented melanocytic tumor which typically displays a wedge-shaped deep penetrating architecture. Some cases show a coexisting component resembling conventional melanocytic nevus. These morphological attributes are correlated with the acquisition of genomic alterations in the Wnt pathway on a background of underlying activating MAPK pathway mutations. Lesions with features of DPN, but displaying expansile architecture, sheet-like arrangement of cells, cytological atypia, and/or more than rare mitotic activity have been described as “atypical deep penetrating nevus” or “deep penetrating melanocytoma.” The molecular correlates of these atypical morphological features are not well-established. In this case report, we describe a tumor in an 8-year-old boy with histological features of atypical DPN showing somatic BRAF

V600E
, beta catenin, and IDH1

R132C
mutations. The combination of abnormalities in MAPK and Wnt pathways with IDH1 mutations seems to be a reproducible feature in a subset of atypical DPNs. Whether this “three-hit” combination is associated with a significant risk of adverse outcome remains to be established.
MOC-31 Antibody Immunolabeling During Mohs Surgery
Authors: Bae Edward , Saap Liliana , Breen Catherine , Iwamoto Satori 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Ber-EP4 is an antibody that labels basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). MOC-31, a monoclonal mouse antibody, also targets Ep-CAM and is currently used to differentiate several extracutaneous epithelial tumors. However, the utility of MOC-31 has not been fully described in cutaneous tumors and in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate MOC-31 labeling in BCC and other cutaneous tumors and to compare immunolabeling intensity of MOC-31 and Ber-EP4 in BCCs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nineteen permanently fixed and 29 frozen BCC specimens and 23 other cutaneous tumors were labeled with MOC-31; labeling intensity of tumors, epidermis, and adnexal structures were recorded. In a separate study, a blinded dermatopathologist compared labeling intensities of 8 BCC specimens, each labeled with MOC-31 and Ber-EP4.4.

RESULTS
MOC-31 labeled all BCCs. Eccrine coils and follicular bulbs did label variably, although this did not detract utility of MOC-31. Five of thirteen cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and one of two Merkel cell carcinomas demonstrated MOC-31 positivity. MOC-31 and Ber-EP4 labeled BCCs similarly.

CONCLUSION
MOC-31, an antibody directed against Ep-CAM, is sensitive for BCCs in frozen specimens encountered in MMS and permanently fixed specimen. In addition, MOC-31 demonstrated comparable immunolabeling characteristics with Ber-EP4 for BCCs.
A Multipollutant Approach to Estimating Causal Effects of Air Pollution Mixtures on Overall Mortality in a Large, Prospective Cohort
Authors: Traini Eugenio , Huss Anke , Portengen Lützen , Rookus Matti , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Vermeulen Roel C. H. , Bellavia Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Several studies have confirmed associations between air pollution and overall mortality, but it is unclear to what extent these associations reflect causal relationships. Moreover, few studies to our knowledge have accounted for complex mixtures of air pollution. In this study, we evaluate the causal effects of a mixture of air pollutants on overall mortality in a large, prospective cohort of Dutch individuals.

Methods:
We evaluated 86,882 individuals from the LIFEWORK study, assessing overall mortality between 2013 and 2017 through national registry linkage. We predicted outdoor concentration of five air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, PM2.5 absorbance, and oxidative potential) with land-use regression. We used logistic regression and mixture modeling (weighted quantile sum and boosted regression tree models) to identify potential confounders, assess pollutants' relevance in the mixture–outcome association, and investigate interactions and nonlinearities. Based on these results, we built a multivariate generalized propensity score model to estimate the causal effects of pollutant mixtures.

Results:
Regression model results were influenced by multicollinearity. Weighted quantile sum and boosted regression tree models indicated that all components contributed to a positive linear association with the outcome, with PM2.5 being the most relevant contributor. In the multivariate propensity score model, PM2.5 (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.29) and PM10 (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.91–1.14) were associated with increased odds of mortality per interquartile range increase.

Conclusion:
Using novel methods for causal inference and mixture modeling in a large prospective cohort, this study strengthened the causal interpretation of air pollution effects on overall mortality, emphasizing the primary role of PM2.5 within the pollutant mixture.
EVALUATION OF RETINAL DISPLACEMENT FOLLOWING PRIMARY SCLERAL BUCKLING FOR MACULA-INVOLVING RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Rohowetz Landon J. , Shaheen Abdulla R. , Russell Jonathan F. , Ashkenazy Noy , Iyer Prashanth G. , Sridhar Jayanth , Flynn Harry W. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the incidence and degree of retinal displacement following scleral buckling surgery for macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
Retrospective interventional case series comprised of patients treated with primary scleral buckling procedure without gas tamponade for macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and imaged postoperatively with fundus autofluorescence imaging between June 1, 2016 and July 25, 2021. Clinical notes, operative reports, fundus autofluorescence photographs, and optical coherence tomography images were reviewed. The presence and degree of retinal displacement were recorded.

Results:
Twelve eyes of 11 patients were included. One (8%) eye with an epiretinal membrane demonstrated 0.1 mm of retinal displacement along the superior arcade and in the superotemporal periphery. The remainder of eyes (92%) did not show any identifiable signs of retinal displacement.

Conclusion:
Retinal displacement does not seem to be a frequent complication of primary scleral buckling surgery for macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND THE OUTCOME OF LUMBAR EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS FOR LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
Authors: Jayabalan Prakash , Bergman Rachel , Huang Kevin , Maas Matthew , Welty Leah 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and pain reduction from epidural steroid injections (ESIs) for lumbar radiculopathy.

METHODS
The retrospective cohort consisted of patients undergoing ESI for lumbar radiculopathy (n = 544). Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was measured at baseline and two weeks post-ESI. SES was estimated using median family income in patients’ ZIP code. Linear and mixed models examined demographic and clinical differences in pain pre- and post-injection and whether family income moderated the effect.

RESULTS
Majority of patients were white (72.4%), female (56.4%), engaged in physical activity (68.2%), and underwent unilateral, transforaminal ESI (86.0%, and 92.1%, respectively). Non-white patients and those who did not engage in physical activity had higher baseline pain (p < 0.05)). Lower SES was associated with higher baseline pain (β = 0.06 per $10,000p = 0.01). Patients with lower SES experienced larger improvement in pain following ESI:-1.56 units for patients in the 10th percentile of family income versus -0.81for 90th percentile. Being a current smoker was associated with higher pain (β = 0.76 p = 0.03) and engaging in structured physical activity less pain (β = -0.07 p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Lower SES was independently associated with higher pain alleviation after controlling for other potentially influential demographics. Modifiable lifestyle factors maybe a target of potential intervention.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CACHEXIA AND THE FUNCTIONAL PROGRESS OF PATIENTS WITH CANCER IN INPATIENT REHABILITATION
Authors: Roy Ishan , Huang Kevin , Bhakta Akash , Marquez Emily , Spangenberg Jacqueline , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
While inpatient rehabilitation can improve functional independence in patients with cancer, the role of cachexia in this population is unknown. Our objectives were to: 1) Establish prevalence of cachexia in a cohort of cancer patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation and its association with demographic and oncological history. 2) Determine the relationship between the presence of cachexia and functional recovery and whether these patients in inpatient rehabilitation have a distinct prognosis

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 250 patients over 330 admissions to an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility. Body weight loss (BWL) threshold and Weight Loss Grading Scale (WLGS) indentified patients with and without cachexia. Main Outcomes were Functional independence Measure (FIM) scores, discharge destination, and 6-month survival.

Results
Prevalence of cachexia in inpatient rehabilitation was 59% using consensus BWL criteria and 77% of cancer patients had WLGS>0. Patients with and without cachexia had similar motor and cognitive gains though patients with severe cachexia had more limited functional gains(p < 0.05) and increased odds of acute care return(p < 0.01). Patients with WLGS = 4 had decreased survival at six months(p < 0.05) compared to non-cachectic patients.

Conclusions
These data suggest that there is a relationship between cachexia and recovery for cancer patients that should be further studied in rehabilitation settings.
Can Target-to-Background Ratio Measurement Lead to Detection and Accurate Quantification of Atherosclerosis With FDG PET? Likely Not
Authors: Alavi Abass , Werner Thomas J. , Høilund-Carlsen Poul Flemming. , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The introduction of FDG in 1976 started a new discipline and enhanced the role of molecular imaging in medicine. While the initial intent with this tracer was to determine brain function in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, over time, this powerful approach has made a major impact on managing many other diseases and disorders. During the past 2 decades, FDG PET has been used to detect inflammatory lesions in the atherosclerotic plaques and in other settings. However, the suboptimal spatial resolution of PET limits its ability to visualize plaques that are very small in size. Furthermore, this tracer remains in the blood for an extended period and therefore provides suboptimal results. Target-to-background ratio (TBR) has been suggested to correct for this source of error. Unfortunately, TBR values vary substantially, depending on the timing of image acquisition. Delayed imaging at later time points (3–4 hours) may obviate the need for TBR measurement, but it is impractical with conventional PET instruments. Recently, 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) has been used for detection and quantification of molecular calcification in the plaques. This tracer is highly specific for calcification and is rapidly cleared from the circulation. In addition, global atherosclerotic burden as measured by NaF PET can be determined accurately either in the heart or major arteries throughout the body. Therefore, the role of FDG PET–based TBR measurement for detection and quantification of atherosclerotic plaques is questionable at this time.
Focal Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liu Yong , Tong Guansheng , Wen Zhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease that was often accompanied with urinary obstruction. The focal form of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is frequently misdiagnosed as malignancy. Here we present FDG PET/CT findings of a case focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 66-year-old woman with polycystic liver and kidney disease. The image showed a polycystic mass in the inferior pole of right kidney with high FDG uptake in the cystic wall, which was suggestive of a cystic renal carcinoma. Right radical nephrectomy was subsequently performed. The postsurgical pathology revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
A comparative analysis of serial measurements of Soluble Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) and C-reactive protein in patients with moderate COVID-19: a single center study from India
Authors: Kakar Atul , Rani Pooja , Batra Tanvi , Hasan Rizwana , Choudhury Sangeeta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoluble urokinase plasminogen-activator receptor (suPAR) is a secreted protein associated with inflammation and proven its usefulness in triage/risk stratifications. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the utility of suPAR in comparison to C-reactive protein (CRP) in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients.This is a prospective comparative study during second pandemic wave. Serum suPAR level and CRP were measured serially in 31 confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients (20 males, 11 females) on day-1 (24-hours of admission), day-3 and day-5 using suPARnostic AUTO flex ELISA and Nephelometry (ThermoFischer) respectively. Schapiro Wilk test verified the data distribution; Wilcoxon signed rank test compared CRP and suPAR between deceased/alive subject and identified link between co-morbidity and COVID-19 severity.In our study, the mean age was 61.8 ranging from 28-82 with 9.7% (n=3/31) mortality rate. Deceased patients showed significant higher suPAR levels correlating with increasing severity from day 1 to 5 (p<0.016-0.006) than CRP (p=0.717). Patients with pre-existing co-morbidities showed significantly elevated suPAR levels on days 1-5, especially those with hypertension (HTN;p<0.03) and chronic kidney disease (CKD;p<0.001).In conclusion, levels of suPAR were higher in deceased patients with severe symptoms of COVID-19 during hospitalization and in patients with pre-existing co-morbid conditions, HTN and CKD. This preliminary study provides evidence suggesting that circulating suPAR can be a potential biomarker to assess the severity of COVID 19 compared to CRP.
Clinical Impact of IDH1 Mutations and MGMT Methylation in Adult Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Mahmoud Magda Sayed , Khalifa Mohamed K. , Nageeb Amira M , El-Arab Lobna Ezz , El-Mahdy Manal , Ramadan Amal , Hashim Maha , Bakr Noha , Swellam Menha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenetic aberrations and epigenetic alterations have been reported in different types of cancer. Impact of Isocitrate dehydrogenase1 (IDH1) and O6-methylguanine-DNAmethyltransferase (MGMT) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have been of great interest due to their implications in prediction of prognosis of several types of cancer. Authors aimed to investigate the clinical role of IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation pattern among GBM patients versus non-neurooncological diseases (NND) patients and their impact on survival criteria.MethodsFormalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of 58 GBM and 20 non-onconeurological diseases patients were recruited and IDH1 mutation were detected using Cast-PCR technology and MGMT methylation was detected using Methyl II quantitative PCR approach. Their results were assessed with other clinicopathological criteria and assess its correlation with survival patterns.ResultsIDH1 mutation was detected among 15 GBM cases (15/58) and it was not reported among NND (P=0.011). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were plotted to discriminate between MGMT methylation among studied groups. Patients with MGMT methylation ≥ 66% was reported as high methylation, which was recorded significantly in 51.7% and 100% of GBM cases and NND, respectively. Both showed significant difference with performance status, while MGMT methylation was significantly related with tumor size and tumor location. IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation reported significant increase with GBM patients revealed complete response to treatment. Survival pattern was better for IDH1 mutation and MGMT high methylation as compared to IDH1 wild type or MGMT low-moderate methylation, respectively and favorable survival was detected when both were combined than using either of them alone.ConclusionDetection of IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation among GBM patients could aid in prediction of their response to treatment and their survival patterns, and their combination is better than using any of them alone.
Accurate genome-wide germline profiling from decade-old archival tissue DNA reveals the contribution of common variants to precancer disease outcome
Authors: Nachmanson Daniela , Pagadala Meghana , Steward Joseph , Cheung Callie , Bruce Lauryn Keeler , Lee Nicole Q. , O’Keefe Thomas J. , Lin Grace Y. , Hasteh Farnaz , Morris Gerald P. , Carter Hannah , Harismendy Olivier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInherited variants have been shown to contribute to cancer risk, disease progression, and response to treatment. Such studies are, however, arduous to conduct, requiring large sample sizes, cohorts or families, and more importantly, a long follow-up to measure a relevant outcome such as disease onset or progression. Unless collected for a dedicated study, germline DNA from blood or saliva are typically not available retrospectively, in contrast to surgical tissue specimens which are systematically archived.ResultsWe evaluated the feasibility of using DNA extracted from low amounts of fixed-formalin paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue to obtain accurate germline genetic profiles. Using matching blood and archival tissue DNA from 10 individuals, we benchmarked low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lc-WGS) combined with genotype imputation and measured genome-wide concordance of genotypes, polygenic risk scores (PRS), and HLA haplotypes. Concordance between blood and tissue was high (r2>0.94) for common genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and across 22 disease-related PRS (mean r=0.93). HLA haplotypes imputed from tissue DNA were 96.7% (Class I genes) and 82.5% (Class II genes) concordant with deep targeted sequencing of HLA from blood DNA. Using the validated methodology, we estimated breast cancer PRS in 36 patients diagnosed with breast ductal carcinoma in situ (11.7 years median follow-up time) including 22 who were diagnosed with breast cancer subsequent event (BSCE). PRS was significantly associated with BCSE (HR=2.5, 95%CI: 1.4–4.5) and the top decile patients were modeled to have a 24% chance of BCSE at 10 years, hence suggesting the addition of PRS could improve prognostic models which are currently inadequate.ConclusionsThe abundance and broad availability of archival tissue specimens in oncology clinics, paired with the effectiveness of germline profiling using lc-WGS and imputation, represents an alternative cost and resource-effective alternative in the design of long-term disease progression studies.