bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survivability and fracture resistance of monolithic and multi‐yttria‐layered zirconia crowns as a function of yttria content: A mastication simulation study
Authors: Badr Zaid , Culp Lee , Duqum Ibrahim , Lim Chek Hai , Zhang Yu , A. Sulaiman Taiseer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare four different types of monolithic zirconia crowns in terms of survival rate and fracture resistance after thermocycling and/or thermo‐mechanical loading in a chewing simulator.MethodsPartially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) crowns with fiber‐reinforced resin die assemblies (n = 80) were fabricated using: multi‐yttria‐layered 5Y‐PSZ/3Y‐PSZ, multi‐yttria‐layered 5Y‐PSZ/4Y‐PSZ, monolithic 4Y‐PSZ, and monolithic 3Y‐PSZ as control (n = 20). Half of the samples in each group were subjected to thermo‐mechanical loading under 110 N, 1.4 Hz, 1.2 million cycles with simultaneous thermocycling (10,000 cycles, 5–55°C). The other half were subjected to thermocycling alone. The samples were loaded to failure to measure their fracture resistance. The data were analyzed using by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post‐hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsAll specimens survived the aging protocols. The yttria content significantly affected the fracture resistance of the crowns (p < 0.0001). The mean fracture resistance, from highest to lowest: 3Y‐PSZ, 4Y‐PSZ, followed by the two multi‐yttria‐layered systems. The mean difference between the two multi‐yttria‐layered systems were not statistically significant (p = 0.98). The mechanical loading protocol did not affect the mean fracture resistance within each group (p = 0.18).ConclusionsWithin each group, there was no difference in fracture resistance after thermocycling alone and thermo‐mechanical loading. However, increasing the yttria concentration at the occlusal third of the crown decreased its fracture resistance.Clinical SignificanceThe term “monolithic zirconia” alone without specifying the actual yttria content is misleading. This term represents different materials with different mechanical properties. The yttria content has an inverse relationship with the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns. The fracture resistance of multi‐layer zirconia crowns is determined by the amount of the weaker zirconia phase at the occlusal part of the restoration rather than enforced by the stronger zirconia at the cervical part of the crown.
Absolute quantification of chromosome copy numbers in the polyploid macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila at the single‐cell level
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Fu Lu , Mochizuki Kazufumi , Xiong Jie , Miao Wei , Wang Guangying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmitosis is widespread among eukaryotes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The polyploid macronucleus (MAC) of unicellular ciliates divides by amitosis, making ciliates a potentially valuable model system to study this process. However, a method to accurately quantify the copy number of MAC chromosomes has not yet been established. Here, we used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to quantify the absolute copy number of the MAC chromosomes in Tetrahymena thermophila. We first confirmed that ddPCR is a sensitive and reproducible method to determine accurate chromosome copy numbers at the single‐cell level. We then used ddPCR to determine the copy number of different MAC chromosomes by analyzing individual T. thermophila cells in the G1 and the amitotic (AM) phases. The average copy number of MAC chromosomes was 90.9 at G1 phase, approximately half the number at AM phase (189.8). The copy number of each MAC chromosome varied among individual cells in G1 phase and correlated with cell size, suggesting that amitosis accompanied by unequal cytokinesis causes copy number variability. Furthermore, the fact that MAC chromosome copy number is less variable among AM‐phase cells suggests that the copy number is standardized by regulating DNA replication. We also demonstrated that copy numbers differ among different MAC chromosomes and that interchromosomal variations in copy number are consistent across individual cells. Our findings demonstrate that ddPCR can be used to model amitosis in T. thermophila and possibly in other ciliates.
Do people change their eating habits after a diagnosis of cancer? A systematic review
Authors: Aldossari Amal , Sremanakova Jana , Sowerbutts Anne Marie , Jones Debra , Hann Mark , Burden Sorrel T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople who live with and beyond cancer are considered to be motivated to change their diet. However, there is a lack of reviews conducted on what specific dietary changes people make and further evaluation may inform future interventional studies. Hence, we aim to summarise the evidence on dietary changes in observational studies before and after a cancer diagnosis.MethodsThis systematic review followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis. Electronic searches were conducted in four databases to identify cohort and cross‐sectional studies on dietary changes before and after a cancer diagnosis, excluding studies that evaluated an intervention. Quality assessment was undertaken, and meta‐analyses were conducted where suitable.ResultsWe identified 14 studies with 16,443 participants diagnosed with cancer, with age range 18–75 years. Dietary change was assessed <1–5 years before diagnosis and up to 12 years post‐diagnosis. Meta‐analyses showed that the standard mean difference (SMD) for energy (SMD‐0.32, 95% confidence interval = −0.46 to −0.17) and carbohydrate consumption (SMD 0.20, 95% confidence interval = −0.27 to −0.14). Studies showed inconsistent findings for fat, protein and fibre, most food groups, and supplement intake. A small decrease in red and processed meat consumption was consistently reported.ConclusionsAll studies reported some positive changes in dietary intake and supplement consumption after receiving a cancer diagnosis without any intervention. However, differences for food groups and nutrients were mainly small and not necessarily clinically meaningful. Evidence demonstrates that a cancer diagnosis alone is insufficient to motivate people to change their dietary intake, indicating that most people would benefit from a dietary intervention to facilitate change.
Role of aromatase in distinct brain nuclei of the social behaviour network in the expression of sexual behaviour in male Japanese quail
Authors: Court Lucas , Balthazart Jacques , Ball Gregory F. , Cornil Charlotte A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn male Japanese quail, brain aromatase is crucial for the hormonal activation of sexual behaviour, but the sites producing neuro‐oestrogens that are critical for these behaviours have not been completely identified. This study examined the function of aromatase expressed in several nuclei of the social behaviour network on a measure of sexual motivation known as the frequency of rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (RCSM) and on copulatory behaviour. Sexually experienced castrated males chronically treated with testosterone were stereotaxically implanted with the aromatase inhibitor vorozole (VOR), or cholesterol as control, and tested for sexual behaviour. In experiment 1, males were implanted in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) with VOR, a manipulation known to reduce the expression of copulatory behaviour. This experiment served as positive control, but also showed that VOR implanted in the dorsomedial or lateral portions of the POM similarly inhibits male copulatory behaviour compared to control implants. In experiments 2 to 4, males received stereotaxic implants of VOR in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (TnA) and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), respectively. Sexual behaviour was affected only in individuals where VOR was implanted in the PAG: these males displayed significantly lower frequencies of cloacal contact movements, the last step of the copulatory sequence. Inhibition of aromatase in the TnA and VMN did not alter copulatory ability. Overall, RCSM frequency remained unaffected by VOR regardless of implantation site. Together, these results suggest that neuro‐oestrogens produced in the POM contribute the most to the control of male copulatory behaviour, while aromatase expressed in the PAG might also participate to premotor aspects of male copulatory behaviour.
Lived experiences and opinions of women of sub‐Saharan origin on female genital mutilation: A phenomenological study
Authors: Martínez‐Linares José Manuel , López‐Entrambasaguas Olga María , Fernández‐Medina Isabel María , Berthe‐Kone Ousmane , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Jiménez‐Lasserrotte María del Mar , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel , Canet‐Vélez Olga 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to describe and understand the lived experiences and opinions of sub‐Saharan women living in Spain in relation to female genital mutilation.BackgroundFemale genital mutilation is a bloody procedure with serious consequences for the health of women and girls. Understanding mutilated women's lived experiences plays a crucial role in the management of health consequences and could help healthcare professionals to provide assistance to these women.DesignA descriptive phenomenological study was carried out. The COREQ checklist was followed as guidance to write the manuscript.MethodsA total of 12 in‐depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using ATLAS.ti 9.0.ResultsTwo themes with four subthemes were identified from the data analysis: 1) ‘The traumatic experience of female circumcision’ with the subthemes ‘Female mutilation is a physical and psychological torture procedure’ and ‘recognising and coping with negative emotions’; 2) ‘The fight for the eradication of female genital mutilation’ which contains the subthemes ‘the need for a real sociocultural change at the origin’ and ‘“I want to be the last”: Personal development leads to sociocultural change’.ConclusionsFemale genital mutilation was experienced by women as a very aggressive and traumatic event. It causes considerable negative emotions that last over time. Although there is a tendency to reject the practice, in women's countries of origin, there is social pressure for girls to be mutilated.Relevance to clinical practiceCaring for women who have suffered from female genital mutilation requires awareness of the traumatic experience they underwent when they were girls. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in eradicating female genital mutilation. Apart from education, preventive measures may include specific recommendations when girls are travelling to the country of origin and participatory action research.
Performance of a simplified scoring system for risk stratification in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening
Authors: Adeoye John , Sakeen Alkandari Abdulrahman , Tan Jia Yan , Wang Weilan , Zhu Wang‐Yong , Thomson Peter , Zheng Li‐Wu , Choi Siu‐Wai , Su Yu‐Xiong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundImpact and efficiency of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening are most realized in “at‐risk” individuals. However, tools that can provide essential knowledge on individuals' risks are not applied in risk‐based screening. This study aims to optimize a simplified risk scoring system for risk stratification in organized oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening.MethodsParticipants were invited to attend a community‐based oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening program in Hong Kong. Visual oral examination was performed for all attendees and information on sociodemographic characteristics as well as habitual, lifestyle, familial, and comorbidity risk factors were obtained. Individuals' status of those found to have suspicious lesions following biopsy and histopathology were classified as positive/negative and this outcome was used in a multiple logistic regression analysis with variables collected during screening. Odds ratio weightings were then used to develop a simplified risk scoring system which was validated in an external cohort.ResultsOf 979 participants, 4.5% had positive status following confirmatory diagnosis. A 12‐variable simplified risk scoring system with weightings was generated with an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82, 0.71, and 0.78 for delineating high‐risk cases. Further optimization on the validation cohort of 491 participants yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.87 respectively.ConclusionsThe simplified risk scoring system was able to stratify oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders risk with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity and can be applied in risk‐based disease screening.
Additively Manufactured Scan Bodies for Virtual Patient Integration: Different Designs, Manufacturing Procedures, and Clinical Protocols
Authors: Pérez‐Giugovaz Marcelo Gabriel , Meykadeh Zahra , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdditively manufactured intraoral scan bodies can be used to guide the alignment of a patient's digital file information, including facial and intraoral digital scans both with and without a cone beam computed tomography scan, and to obtain a 3D virtual patient's representation. The present manuscript reviews the different intraoral scan body designs, procedures involved in additive manufacturing, clinical protocols for fabricating an additively manufactured scan body, performing a patient's digital data collection, and completing the alignment techniques.
Surface Roughness and Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Additively Manufactured Zirconia with Different Porosities
Authors: Zandinejad Amirali , Khanlar Leila Nasiry , Barmak Abdul Basir , Tagami Junji , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the bond strength of resin cement to additively manufactured (AM) zirconia with different porosities when compared to milled zirconia.Materials and MethodsA 12 × 5 mm disk virtual design file was used to fabricate a total of 48 disks divided into 4 groups: 3 groups were AM with different porosities including 0%‐porosity (AMZ0 group), 20%‐porosity (AMZ20 group), and 40%‐porosity (AMZ40 group), and 1 milled zirconia (control or CNCZ group). The dimensions of all specimens were measured using a digital caliper. A 3D‐ confocal laser scanner was used to analyze surface morphology and measure the surface roughness (Sa), followed by SEM analysis. Tensile bond strength of composite resin cement to specimens was measured before and after aging procedures using a universal testing machine (n = 10). Failure modes were evaluated under a light microscope. Volumetric change data was analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, and two‐way ANOVA was used to compare bond strength values (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was a significant difference in volumetric changes among the groups. The CNCZ group showed the least changes in diameter 0.027 ± 0.029 mm and thickness 0.030 ± 0.012 mm and AM zirconia with 40% porosity showed the most volumetric changes in diameter 5.237 ± 0.023 mm. ANOVA test indicated an overall significant difference in surface roughness across all groups (F = 242.6, p < 0.001). The CNCZ group showed the highest mean Sa of 1.649 ± 0.240 µm, followed by AMZ40 group with Sa of 0.830 ± 0.063 µm, AMZ20 group with Sa of 0.780 ± 0.070 µm, and the AMZ0 group with Sa of 0.612 ± 0.063 µm. Two‐way ANOVA showed significant difference in bond strength between the CNCZ group 12.109 ± 3.223 MPa and the AMZ0 group 8.629 ± 0.914 MPa, with significant pretest failures in specimens with porosities. Thermal cycling methods reduced the bond strength non‐significantly in CNCZ group with no effect in the AMZ0 group.ConclusionMilled zirconia had a higher surface roughness and bond strength to composite resin cement than AM zirconia, and porosities in AM zirconia decreased the bond strength with significant pretest failures.
Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Alammar Amirah , Kois John C. , Revilla‐León Marta , Att Wael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA review of the main additive manufacturing technologies including vat‐polymerization, material extrusion, material jetting, binder jetting, powder‐based fusion, sheet lamination, and direct energy deposition is provided. Additionally, the dental applications of polymer, metal, and ceramic printing technologies are discussed.
Extremely high diversity and endemism of chlorotypes in Wikstroemia monnula Hance (Thymelaeaceae) shed light on the effects of habitat heterogeneity on intraspecific differentiation in southeast China
Authors: Zhang Chao‐Qiang , Tang Yi‐Wei , Tian De‐Feng , Huang Yan‐Yan , Yang Guang‐Hui , Nan Peng , Wang Yu‐Guo , Li Ling‐Feng , Song Zhi‐Ping , Yang Ji , Zhong Yang , Zhang Wen‐Ju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoutheast China is one of the core areas of the Sino‐Japanese floristic region and a hotspot of biodiversity in East Asia. This region has been considered as both a museum and a cradle of woody genera in China. Why a region with highly stable topography and climate could be a cradle of species diversity remains unclear. In this study, the phylogeographic pattern and genetic structure of Wikstroemia monnula, an endemic species to southeast China, were analyzed by sequencing four chloroplast DNA fragments (4679 bp in total) of 836 individuals from 39 populations. Extremely high diversity and endemism of chlorotypes were found. Out of 54 chlorotypes, 51 (94.44%) were private, with genetic diversity index (HT) near 1 (HT = 0.992), and 96.51% of the genetic variation occurring among populations, indicating that this species has undergone strong intraspecific differentiation and very limited migration. The correlational analysis showed that the population differentiation of W. monnula was driven not only via isolation by distance (IBD), but more importantly via isolation by environment (IBE). A significant phylogeographic structure was not found (NST = 0.979, GST = 0.833, P > 0.05); however, the spatial pattern of the sublineages of chlorotypes was largely consistent with the biogeographic boundaries on a smaller scale in the region. These results suggest that habitat heterogeneity in southeast China not only promoted speciation on a long time‐scale, but still continues to impact population differentiation in recent times.
Artists' labour market and gender: Evidence from German visual artists
Authors: Marchenko Maria , Sonnabend Hendrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing comprehensive data from German visual artists, we provide strong empirical evidence of a gender gap in revenues. We find that female artists have significantly lower revenues from the art market and are about ten percentage points less likely to remain in the top category over three years. This gap persists in the most prominent art forms and is more pronounced for younger artists. Only 30 to 40% of these gaps can be explained by differences in observable characteristics. We also find differences in the networking behaviour of the artists of different genders: females are connecting more, whereas males tend to create tighter links, suggesting the importance of the latter for the art market.
Antifungal and antiocratoxigenic potential of Alpinia speciosa and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils encapsulated in poly(lactic acid) nanofibres against Aspergillus fungi
Authors: Brandão R.M. , Cardoso M.G. , de Oliveira J.E. , Barbosa R.B. , Ferreira V.R.F. , Campolina G.A. , Martins M.A. , Nelson D.L. , Batista L.R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Essential oils encapsulated in a polymeric matrix can be used as an alternative method to control fungi and mycotoxins. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography. The nanofibres were produced from poly (acid lactic) (PLA) containing essential oils by the Solution Blow Spinning method. The antifungal and antimicotoxygenic properties were evaluated against Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus westerdijkiae by the fumigation method. Terpinen-4-ol (20·23%), sabinene (20·18%), 1·8-cineole (16·69%) and γ-terpinene (11·03%) were the principal compounds present in the essential oil from Alpinia speciosa, whereas citral (97·67%) was dominant from Cymbopogon flexuosus. Microscopy images showed that the addition of essential oils caused an increase in the diameter of the nanofibres. The infrared spectroscopy results indicated the presence of essential oils in the PLA nanofibres. Differential scanning calorimetry curves also indicated the existence of interactions between the essential oils and polymeric macromolecules through their plasticizing action. The hydrophobic character of nanofibres was revealed by the contact angle technique. An antifungal effect was observed, the mycelial growths (3·25–100%) and the synthesis of ochratoxin A (25·94–100%) were inhibited by the presence of the nanofibres. The results suggest that bioactive nanofibres hold promise for application to control toxigenic fungi.
Identification of diagnostic serum biomarkers for Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis
Authors: Torimoto Kazumasa , Ueda Tomohiro , Kasahara Masato , Hirayama Akihide , Matsushita Chie , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Aoki Katsuya , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosis of Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (HIC) relies on the ability to identify Hunner lesions endoscopically, which can lead to storage symptom misdiagnosis. Here, we examined serum biomarkers for HIC and verified their utility.MethodsBased on the previous definition of the Japanese guidelines, which did not distinguish HIC and non‐HIC diseases, we searched for serum biomarkers in 25 patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and 25 control participants using metabolomics during 2013–2014. In 2019, we conducted a validation study in HIC and control groups. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and candidate biomarker concentrations were compared between the groups using Mann–Whitney test.ResultsMetabolomics targeted 678 metabolites and revealed that the levels of 14 lysolipids, seven γ‐glutamyl amino acids, and two monoacylglycerols were significantly different between the IC and control groups. The following metabolites were selected from each metabolite category as candidates: 1‐linoleoylglycerophosphocholine (1‐linoleloyl‐GPC [18:2]), γ‐glutamylisoleucine (γ‐Glu‐Ile), and 1‐arachidonylglycerol (1‐AG). The serum concentrations of 1‐linoleoyl‐GPC (18:2) in the HIC and control groups were 27 920 ± 6261 and 40 360 ± 1514 ng/mL (P = 0.0003), respectively. The serum concentrations of γ‐Glu‐Ile and 1‐AG were not significantly different between the groups. When the cut‐off value of 1‐linoleoyl‐GPC (18:2) was set at 28 400 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 84%, respectively.ConclusionsSerum 1‐linoleoyl‐GPC (18:2) is a candidate diagnostic biomarker for HIC. Additional studies on whether this biomarker can distinguish HIC from other diseases with high urination frequency are required for its clinical use.