bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brine Refrigerants for Low‐cost, Safe Aqueous Supercapacitors with Ultra‐long Stable Operation at Low Temperatures
Authors: You Chaolin , Wu Wenbin , Yuan Wangsheng , Han Peng , Zhang QianYu , Chen Xi , Yuan Xinhai , Liu Lili , Ye Jilei , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraditional aqueous energy storage devices are difficult to operate at low temperatures owing to the poor ionic conductivity and sluggish interfacial dynamics in frozen electrolytes. Herein, the low‐cost brine refrigerants for food freezing and preservation as electrolytes, and unexpectedly realize high ionic conductivity and stable operation of an aqueous storage device at low temperatures are demonstrated. A CaCl2 brine refrigerant electrolyte (BRE) with a low freezing point −55 °C and high ionic conductivity (10.1 mS cm−1 at −50 °C) is developed for supercapacitors (SCs), which retains 80% of the room temperature capacity at −50 °C and exhibits ultra‐long cycle life with excellent capacity retention of 92% over 98,500 cycles, outperforming the other SCs which can be operated below −40 °C in literature. Moreover, the SCs with MgCl2 and NaCl BREs can also be operated successfully with excellent cycle stability and high‐capacity retention at low temperatures of −30 and −20 °C, respectively. Fundamental correlation between various cations and their effect on the freezing point reduction of aqueous electrolytes is revealed via Raman investigation and molecular dynamics simulations. This study provides a rational design strategy for green, inexpensive, and safe low‐temperature aqueous electrolytes for energy storage devices.
Electron Transfer‐Induced Metal Spin‐Crossover at NiCo2S4/ReS2 2D–2D Interfaces for Promoting pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pei Chengang , Kim Min‐Cheol , Li Yuankai , Xia Chengkai , Kim Jaekyum , So Won , Yu Xu , Park Ho Seok , Kim Jung Kyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of an efficient pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst is essential for practical hydrogen production. Here, an efficient and stable pH‐universal HER electrocatalyst composed of the strongly coupled 2D NiCo2S4 and 2D ReS2 nanosheets (NiCo2S4/ReS2) is demonstrated. The NiCo2S4/ReS2 2D–2D nanocomposite is directly grown on the surface of the carbon cloth substrate, which exhibits excellent HER performance with overpotentials of 85 and 126 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 78.3 and 67.8 mV dec−1 under both alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. Theoretical and experimental characterizations reveal that the chemical coupling between NiCo2S4 and ReS2 layers induces electron transfer from Ni and Co to interfacial Re‐neighbored S atoms, enabling beneficial H atom adsorption and desorption for both acidic and alkaline HER. Simultaneously, an electron transfer‐induced spin‐crossover generates high‐spin interfacial Ni and Co atoms that promote water dissociation kinetics at the NiCo2S4/ReS2 interface, which is the origin of the superior alkaline HER activity. NiCo2S4/ReS2 also shows decent catalytic activity and long‐term durability for oxygen evolution reaction, and finally bifunctionality for overall water splitting. This study suggests a rational strategy to enhance water dissociation kinetics by inducing spin‐crossover via electron transfer.
Shape‐Deformable and Locomotive MXene (Ti3C2Tx)‐Encapsulated Magnetic Liquid Metal for 3D‐Motion‐Adaptive Synapses
Authors: Kim HoYeon , Lee Kyuho , Oh Jin Woo , Kim Youngwoo , Park Jung‐Eun , Jang Jihye , Lee Seung Won , Lee Seokyeong , Koo Chong Min , Park Cheolmin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOwing to their unique surface chemistry, room‐temperature pseudoliquidity, and high electrical conductivity, gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) exhibit multifunctionality. To grant deformable and self‐flowing characteristics to LMs, magnetic particles are incorporated for precisely controlling the LM motion and shape deformability. However, LM surface‐adhesion and corrosivity hinders the integration of LMs into complex circuits and devices owing to potential alloying with other metals and contamination of their surroundings. In this study, a highly conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐encapsulated magnetic LM (MX–MLM) is developed using a feasible fabrication method. The MX–MLM comprises magnetic particles suspended within its core and self‐assembled MXene flakes on the surface to maintain the nonwettability and high electrical conductivity of a liquid droplet. The noncorrosivity and increased magnetism of the MX–MLM enable nonstick magnetic‐field‐induced locomotion and shape deformation on various surfaces including metals, oxides, and polymers. Furthermore, the MX–MLM exhibits recyclability and magnetic‐field‐induced self‐healing. To demonstrate its functionality, the MX–MLM is employed as a magnetointeractive, shape‐deformable, and locomotive top gate electrode in a transistor fabricated using a ferroelectric polymer gate insulator. The device exhibits excellent magnetointeractive synaptic capability for detecting and learning 3D path information.
Atomic Optimization on Pyran‐Fused Nonfullerene Acceptor Enables Organic Solar Cells With an Efficiency Approaching 16% and Reduced Energy Loss
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Li Zhixiang , Song Guangkun , Jiang Changzun , Yang Yang , Wang Jian , Wan Xiangjian , Li Chenxi , Yao Zhaoyang , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtomic replacement on platforms of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) with already excellent performance is expected to further optimize the energy levels, absorptions, and even charge transfer dynamics of NFAs effectively without greatly destroying their superior molecular conformations. On the basis of high‐performance F‐series NFAs, the structural optimization at atomic level is performed by replacing sulfur atoms in FO‐2Cl with selenium atoms, thus affording a new NFA labeled as FOSe‐2Cl. FOSe‐2Cl not only inherits the good planar configuration of FO‐2Cl, but also exhibits more suitable energy levels, redshifted absorption, enhanced molecular packing, and accelerative charge transfer/transport dynamics compared with those of FO‐2Cl. With a widely used polymer PM6 as the donor, organic solar cell (OSC) based on FOSe‐2Cl affords a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.94% with a reduced energy loss (Eloss) of 0.670 eV, with respect to that of FO‐2Cl‐based OSC with a PCE of 14.94% and Eloss of 0.706 eV. The result represents the best performance reported to date for pyran‐fused NFAs and F‐series NFAs‐based binary OSCs, providing another promising platform to achieve the state‐of‐the‐art OSCs in addition to the well‐known Y‐series NFAs.
Dual‐Responsive Nanocomposites for Synergistic Antibacterial Therapies Facilitating Bacteria‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Cheng Shi , Qi Manlin , Li Wen , Sun Wenyue , Li Meiqi , Lin Jinying , Bai Xue , Sun Yue , Dong Biao , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rising dangers of bacterial infections have created an urgent need for the development of a new generation of antibacterial technologies and therapeutics. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT), considered as a noninvasive treatment with no drug resistance, has become a new promising photochemistry‐involved treatment strategy. Titanium oxide (TiO2) is proved to be a very efficient PDT agent among the photosensitive materials, while the property of a large bandgap of TiO2 makes it only be excited by ultraviolet light, which is harmful to organisms. In this work, a novel ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) mediated TiO2 PDT strategy is proposed via the harmless near‐infrared light irradiation. By choosing a mussel‐inspired material, polydopamine (PDA) is involved in forming mesoporous TiO2@PDA nanoparticles (mTiO2@PDA NPs). The catechol groups of PDA can attach the TiO2 tightly even in colloidal environments, and can also form the LMCT bridge, exciting TiO2 to exert PDT function via 808 nm irradiation. Combining the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of TiO2 and the photothermal therapy properties of PDA, this simple structure mTiO2@PDA enables synergistic antibacterial applications with multiple functions under the dual excitation of NIR and ultrasound. This reliable all‐in‐one NPs can achieve great antibacterial effect and a rapid repair of infected wounds.
Hierarchical Porous Monoliths of Steel with Self‐Reinforcing Adaptive Properties
Authors: Carpenter Julia A. , Saraw Zoubeir , Schwegler Alain , Magrini Tommaso , Kuhn Gisela , Rafsanjani Ahmad , Studart André R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPorous structures offer an attractive approach to reduce the amount of natural resources used while maintaining relatively high mechanical efficiency. However, for some applications the drop in mechanical properties resulting from the introduction of porosity is too high, which has limited the broader utilization of porous materials in industry. Here, it is shown that steel monoliths can be designed to display high mechanical efficiency and reversible self‐reinforcing properties when made with porous architectures with up to three hierarchical levels. Ultralight steel structures that can float on water and autonomously adapt their stiffness are manufactured by the thermal reduction and sintering of 3D printed foam templates. Using distinct mechanical testing techniques, image analysis, and finite element simulations, the mechanisms leading to the high mechanical efficiency and self‐stiffening ability of the hierarchical porous monoliths are studied. The design and fabrication of mechanically stable porous monoliths using iron as a widely available natural resource is expected to contribute to the future development of functional materials with a more sustainable footprint.
Thickness Dependence of Interface‐Generated Spin Currents in Ferromagnet/Ti/CoFeB Trilayers
Authors: Choi Gaeun , Ryu Jeongchun , Lee Sungjun , Kang Jaimin , Noh Namgyu , Yuk Jong Min , Park Byong‐Guk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterface‐generated spin currents in ferromagnet (FM)/nonmagnet (NM) structures provide both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane spin–orbit torques (SOTs), enabling the field‐free switching of perpendicular magnetization of the other FM layer in magnetic trilayers. In this study, the NM thickness dependence of interface‐generated spin currents and associated SOTs in FM/Ti/CoFeB trilayers is investigated. In such magnetic trilayers, it is known that the in‐plane SOT results from the spin–orbit filtering of the interface‐generated spin current, while the out‐of‐plane SOT is due to the spin–orbit precession. These results show that the polarity of current‐induced magnetization switching under an in‐plane magnetic field reverses with increasing Ti thickness. This indicates that the sign of the in‐plane SOT depends on the current distribution between the bottom FM and Ti layers. On the other hand, field‐free switching occurs only for a Ti thickness of up to ≈4 nm, and the same polarity is retained, demonstrating that out‐of‐plane SOT is governed by the charge current flowing near the interface. These results suggest that field‐free switching efficiency can be enhanced by engineering the relative conductance of the FM/NM bilayers to constructively combine in‐plane and out‐of‐plane SOTs caused by interface‐generated spin currents.
Printed Humidity Sensors from Renewable and Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Aeby Xavier , Bourely James , Poulin Alexandre , Siqueira Gilberto , Nyström Gustav , Briand Danick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasing environmental concerns raised by the accumulation of electronic waste draws attention to the development of sustainable materials for short‐lived electronics. In this framework, printed capacitive humidity sensors and temperature resistive detectors composed exclusively of biodegradable materials: shellac, carbon‐derived particles, and egg‐albumin are reported. The sensor platform comprises interdigitated electrodes serving as a capacitive transducer for humidity sensing, and a serpentine used as a resistive temperature detector. Both the interdigitated and serpentine electrodes are manufactured by screen‐printing carbon ink on a shellac substrate. The humidity sensors are constructed by drop‐coating egg albumin on the interdigitated carbon electrodes and the temperature detector is prepared by encapsulating the serpentine design with shellac. Shellac is shown to be a biodegradable alternative to hydrophilic cellulose‐derived substrates, with the capacitive humidity sensors demonstrating a sensitivity of 0.011% RH−1. The response and recovery times on shellac are 12 and 20 times faster than on cellulose‐based substrate, and the serpentine resistive temperature detectors have a temperature coefficient of 5300 ppm K−1. At the end of their service‐life, the sensors produced are home compostable and can be environmentally friendly disposed, potentially enabling their future use for sustainable and environmentally friendly smart‐packaging, agricultural sensing, or point‐of‐care testing.
Experimental Identification of the Second‐Order Non‐Hermitian Skin Effect with Physics‐Graph‐Informed Machine Learning
Authors: Shang Ce , Liu Shuo , Shao Ruiwen , Han Peng , Zang Xiaoning , Zhang Xiangliang , Salama Khaled Nabil , Gao Wenlong , Lee Ching Hua , Thomale Ronny , Manchon Aurélien , Zhang Shuang , Cui Tie Jun , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTopological phases of matter are conventionally characterized by the bulk‐boundary correspondence in Hermitian systems. The topological invariant of the bulk in d dimensions corresponds to the number of (d − 1)‐dimensional boundary states. By extension, higher‐order topological insulators reveal a bulk‐edge‐corner correspondence, such that nth order topological phases feature (d − n)‐dimensional boundary states. The advent of non‐Hermitian topological systems sheds new light on the emergence of the non‐Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) with an extensive number of boundary modes under open boundary conditions. Still, the higher‐order NHSE remains largely unexplored, particularly in the experiment. An unsupervised approach—physics‐graph‐informed machine learning (PGIML)—to enhance the data mining ability of machine learning with limited domain knowledge is introduced. Through PGIML, the second‐order NHSE in a 2D non‐Hermitian topoelectrical circuit is experimentally demonstrated. The admittance spectra of the circuit exhibit an extensive number of corner skin modes and extreme sensitivity of the spectral flow to the boundary conditions. The violation of the conventional bulk‐boundary correspondence in the second‐order NHSE implies that modification of the topological band theory is inevitable in higher dimensional non‐Hermitian systems.
Pure 2D Perovskite Formation by Interfacial Engineering Yields a High Open‐Circuit Voltage beyond 1.28 V for 1.77‐eV Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Rui , Yi Zongjin , Luo Yi , Luo Jincheng , Wei Qi , Lai Huagui , Huang Hao , Zou Bingsuo , Cui Guangyao , Wang Wenwu , Xiao Chuanxiao , Ren Shengqiang , Chen Cong , Wang Changlei , Xing Guichuan , Fu Fan , Zhao Dewei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurface post‐treatment using ammonium halides effectively reduces large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses in bromine‐rich wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear and the device efficiency lags largely behind. Here, a facile strategy of precisely tailoring the phase purity of 2D perovskites on top of 3D WBG perovskite and realizing high device efficiency is reported. The transient absorption spectra, cross‐sectional confocal photoluminescence mapping, and cross‐sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy are combined to demonstrate optimal defect passivation effect and surface electric‐field of pure n = 1 2D perovskites formed atop 3D WBG perovskites via low‐temperature annealing. As a result, the inverted champion device with 1.77‐eV perovskite absorber achieves a high VOC of 1.284 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.72%, delivering the smallest VOC deficit of 0.486 V among WBG PSCs with a bandgap higher than 1.75 eV. This enables one to achieve a four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cell with a PCE exceeding 25% by combining with a 1.25‐eV low‐bandgap PSC.
Deconstruction of Vermal Cerebellum in Ramp Locomotion in Mice
Authors: Lyu Chenfei , Yu Chencen , Sun Guanglong , Zhao Yue , Cai Ruolan , Sun Hao , Wang Xintai , Jia Guoqiang , Fan Lingzhu , Chen Xi , Zhou Lin , Shen Ying , Gao Lixia , Li Xinjian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cerebellum is involved in encoding balance, posture, speed, and gravity during locomotion. However, most studies are carried out on flat surfaces, and little is known about cerebellar activity during free ambulation on slopes. Here, it has been imaged the neuronal activity of cerebellar molecular interneurons (MLIs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) using a miniaturized microscope while a mouse is walking on a slope. It has been found that the neuronal activity of vermal MLIs specifically enhanced during uphill and downhill locomotion. In addition, a subset of MLIs is activated during entire uphill or downhill positions on the slope and is modulated by the slope inclines. In contrast, PCs showed counter‐balanced neuronal activity to MLIs, which reduced activity at the ramp peak. So, PCs may represent the ramp environment at the population level. In addition, chemogenetic inactivation of lobule V of the vermis impaired uphill locomotion. These results revealed a novel micro‐circuit in the vermal cerebellum that regulates ambulatory behavior in 3D terrains.
Conformal Imidazolium 1D Perovskite Capping Layer Stabilized 3D Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Modules
Authors: Chen Ruihao , Shen Hui , Chang Qing , Tang Ziheng , Nie Siqing , Chen Bili , Ping Tan , Wu Binghui , Yin Jun , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the perovskite solar cells have been developed rapidly, the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics is still facing challenges, especially considering their stability issues. Here, the new type of benzimidazolium salt, N,N′‐dialkylbenzimidazolium iodide, is proposed and functionalized to convert the three‐dimensional (3D) FACs‐perovskite films into one‐dimensional (1D) capping layer topped 1D/3D structure either in individual device or module levels. This conformal interface modulation demonstrates that not only can effectively stabilize FACs‐based perovskite films by inhibiting the lateral and vertical iodide diffusions in devices or modules, ensuring an excellent operation and environmental stability, but also provides an excellent charge transporting channel through the well‐designed 1D crystal structure. Consequently, efficient device performance with power conversion efficiency up to 24.3% is readily achieved. And the large‐area perovskite solar modules with high efficiency (19.6% for the active areas of 18 cm2) and long‐term stability (about 500 h in AM 1.5G illumination or about 1000 h under double‐85 conditions) are also successfully verified.
Generation and Integrated Analysis of Advanced Patient‐Derived Orthoxenograft Models (PDOX) for the Rational Assessment of Targeted Therapies in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Devis‐Jauregui Laura , Vidal August , Plata‐Peña Laura , Santacana Maria , García‐Mulero Sandra , Bonifaci Nuria , Noguera‐Delgado Eulàlia , Ruiz Nuria , Gil Marta , Dorca Eduard , Llobet Francisco J. , Coll‐Iglesias Laura , Gassner Katja , Martinez‐Iniesta Maria , Rodriguez‐Barrueco Ruth , Barahona Marc , Marti Lola , Viñals Francesc , Ponce Jordi , Sanz‐Pamplona Rebeca , Piulats Josep M. , Vivancos Ana , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Villanueva Alberto , Llobet‐Navas David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClinical management of endometrial cancer (EC) is handicapped by the limited availability of second line treatments and bona fide molecular biomarkers to predict recurrence. These limitations have hampered the treatment of these patients, whose survival rates have not improved over the last four decades. The advent of coordinated studies such as The Cancer Genome Atlas Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (TCGA_UCEC) has partially solved this issue, but the lack of proper experimental systems still represents a bottleneck that precludes translational studies from successful clinical testing in EC patients. Within this context, the first study reporting the generation of a collection of endometrioid‐EC‐patient‐derived orthoxenograft (PDOX) mouse models is presented that is believed to overcome these experimental constraints and pave the way toward state‐of‐the‐art precision medicine in EC. The collection of primary tumors and derived PDOXs is characterized through an integrative approach based on transcriptomics, mutational profiles, and morphological analysis; and it is demonstrated that EC tumors engrafted in the mouse uterus retain the main molecular and morphological features from analogous tumor donors. Finally, the molecular properties of these tumors are harnessed to assess the therapeutic potential of trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitor with growing interest in EC, using patient‐derived organotypic multicellular tumor spheroids and in vivo experiments.
Ultrafast Near‐Ideal Phase‐Change Memristive Physical Unclonable Functions Driven by Amorphous State Variations
Authors: Go Shao‐Xiang , Wang Qiang , Lim Kian Guan , Lee Tae Hoon , Bajalovic Natasa , Loke Desmond K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is an ever‐increasing demand for next‐generation devices that do not require passwords and are impervious to cloning. For traditional hardware security solutions in edge computing devices, inherent limitations are addressed by physical unclonable functions (PUF). However, realizing efficient roots of trust for resource constrained hardware remains extremely challenging, despite excellent demonstrations with conventional silicon circuits and archetypal oxide memristor‐based crossbars. An attractive, down‐scalable approach to design efficient cryptographic hardware is to harness memristive materials with a large‐degree‐of‐randomness in materials state variations, but this strategy is still not well understood. Here, the utilization of high‐degree‐of‐randomness amorphous (A) state variations associated with different operating conditions via thermal fluctuation effects is demonstrated, as well as an integrated framework for in memory computing and next generation security primitives, viz., APUF, for achieving secure key generation and device authentication. Near ideal uniformity and uniqueness without additional initial writing overheads in weak memristive A‐PUF is achieved. In‐memory computing empowers a strong exclusive OR (XOR‐) and‐repeat A PUF construction to avoid machine learning attacks, while rapid crystallization processes enable large‐sized‐key reconfigurability. These findings pave the way for achieving a broadly applicable security primitive for enhancing antipiracy of integrated systems and product authentication in supply chains.