bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum exact search with adjustable parameters and its applications
Authors: Li Guanzhong , Li Lvzhou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Grover's algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms to search for marked elements in an unstructured database. The original algorithm is probabilistic, returning a marked element with bounded error. When it is known beforehand there are M marked elements in N elements, there exist several schemes to achieve the exact version that returns a marked element with certainty, by using the generalized Grover's iteration G(α, β) := Sr(β) So(α), where the phase oracle So(α) multiplies a marked state by eiα, and the phase rotation Sr(β) multiplies the initial state |ψ0⟩ (an equal-superposition of all states) by e-iβ.However, in all the existing schemes the value range of α and β is limited; for instance, in the three early schemes α and β are determined by M/N.
Thus, a natural question arises: Given the phase oracle So(α) with an arbitrary angle α, or the phase rotation Sr(β) with an arbitrary angle β, can we always construct an exact search algorithm without sacrificing the quadratic speedup advantage? The significance of this problem lies not only in the expansion of mathematical form, but also in its application value. We answer the question affirmatively, by presenting a search framework with adjustable parameters. Technically, we propose the fixed-axis-rotation (FXR) method where each iteration of the search algorithm can be geometrically seen as rotating about a fixed axis on the Bloch sphere. Furthermore, two applications of the proposed search framework are developed: the first is to learn exactly the secret string hidden by the Hamming distance oracle, and the other to solve the element distinctness promise problem deterministically. The two applications correspond to the two different cases where α or β is fixed respectively.
FrozenQubits: Boosting Fidelity of QAOA by Skipping Hotspot Nodes
Authors: Ayanzadeh Ramin , Alavisamani Narges , Das Poulami , Qureshi Moinuddin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the leading candidates for demonstrating the quantum advantage using near-term quantum computers. Unfortunately, high device error rates limit us from reliably running QAOA circuits for problems with more than a few qubits. In QAOA, the problem graph is translated into a quantum circuit such that every edge corresponds to two 2-qubit CNOT operations in each layer of the circuit. As CNOTs are extremely error-prone, the fidelity of QAOA circuits is dictated by the number of edges in the problem graph.
We observe that majority of graphs corresponding to real-world applications follow the ``power-law`` distribution, where some hotspot nodes have significantly higher number of connections. We leverage this insight and propose ``FrozenQubits`` that freezes the hotspot nodes or qubits and intelligently partitions the state-space of the given problem into several smaller sub-spaces which are then solved independently. The corresponding QAOA sub-circuits are significantly less vulnerable to gate and decoherence errors due to the reduced number of CNOT operations in each sub-circuit. Unlike prior circuit-cutting approaches, FrozenQubits does not require any exponentially complex post-processing step. Our evaluations with 5,300 QAOA circuits on eight different quantum computers from IBM shows that FrozenQubits can improve the quality of solutions by 8.73x on average (and by up to 57x), albeit utilizing 2x more quantum resources.
Hydrologic regulation of clay-mineral transformations in a redoximorphic soil of subtropical monsoonal China
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Hong Hanlie , Fang Qian , Hei Hetang , Algeo Thomas J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Clay-mineral evolution in supergene environments is commonly a complex process subject to hydrologic influences on clay-mineral transformations, yet these influences remain insufficiently investigated to date. A quaternary red soil profile with evident redoximorphic features in subtropical monsoonal China was investigated with a focus on processes of secondary clay-mineral transformation. Evidence provided by soil physical and chemical descriptions, clay-mineral analysis, spectroscopic characterization, extractions of pedogenic Al and Fe species, and geochemical compositions reveals a complex relationship of clay minerals and iron phases to pedogenic weathering conditions as a function of depth in the studied soil profile. The soil profile can be divided into a homogenous horizon (HH; 0–2.0 m), a redoximorphic horizon (RH; 2.0–6.0 m), and a basal layer (BL; 6.0–7.2 m), and these three horizons are dominated by various intermediate clay phases. The HH is characterized by moderately acidic conditions (mean pH = 5.2) and low total organic content (TOC; TOC ≤2.1 g kg–1). More importantly, compared with the lower horizons, the HH contains significantly more active acid-forming cations, as reflected by a greater abundance of Al phases and higher aluminum saturation levels. We infer that the occurrence of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) in the HH is tightly coupled with the nature of the soil acidic pools, which include both H+ ions (i.e., pH) and active acid-forming cations (e.g., Al3+ and Fe3+). The reaction pathway from primary minerals to final weathering products appears to be highly sensitive to dynamic hydrological processes. HIV is favored in generally oxic, well-drained soil systems with adequate acidic cations to maintain acidic weathering. When soils are more waterlogged and the aqueous solution is dominated by base cations, primary minerals tend to transform to smectite group minerals. Therefore, discrete smectite, interstratified illite-smectite (I-S), and interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S) were observed only in the RH and BL. We present a novel framework that links clay-mineral transformation pathways to soil hydrological disturbances, providing new insights into understanding the kinetics of water-mineral interactions in natural soil systems.
A high-pressure structural transition of norsethite-type BaFe(CO3)2: Comparison with BaMg(CO3)2 and BaMn(CO3)2
Authors: He Chengcheng , Zhao Chaoshuai , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Pan , Li Heping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Investigations on the phase stability of the norsethite-type family [BaMg(CO3)2, BaMn(CO3)2, BaFe(CO3)2] under high-pressure conditions are of great significance for understanding the structure and metal cationic (Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+) substitution mechanism in double divalent metal carbonates. The structural evolution and equation of state of BaFe(CO3)2 were studied at high pressure up to ~7.3 GPa by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) in diamond-anvil cell (DAC) in this study. BaFe(CO3)2 undergoes a reversible phase transition from R3m (α-phase) to C2/c (γ-phase) space groups at ~3.0 GPa. The fitted elastic parameters are V0 = 377.79(2) Å3 and K0 = 40.3(7) GPa for α-BaFe(CO3)2, V0 = 483.24(5) Å3 and K0 = 91.2(24) GPa for γ-BaFe(CO3)2 using second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (BM2-EoS). Besides, the vibrational properties and structural stability of complete norsethite-type minerals were also investigated first by Raman spectroscopy combined with DAC up to 11.1 GPa. Similar structural phase transitions occur in BaMg(CO3)2, BaFe(CO3)2, BaMn(CO3)2 at 2.2–2.6, 2.6–3.7, and 3.7–4.1 GPa, respectively. The onset phase transition pressures of the norsethite-type family are much lower than that of dolomite-type Ca(Mg,Fe,Mn)(CO3)2 and calcite-type (Mg,Fe,Mn)CO3 carbonates. These results provide new insights into the divalent cation substitution effects on the stability and structural evolution of carbonates under high-pressure conditions.
Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, a new oxyphosphate mineral, the product of pyrolytic oxidation of natural phosphides
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Murashko Mikhail N. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Vapnik Yevgeny , Bocharov Vladimir N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Crocobelonite, CaFe23+(PO4)2O, is a new natural oxyphosphate discovered in the pyrometamorphic complexes of the Hatrurim Formation in Israel and Jordan. Crocobelonite-bearing assemblages contain a series of anhydrous Fe-Ni phosphates, hematite, diopside, anorthite, and phosphides—barringerite Fe2P, transjordanite Ni2P, murashkoite FeP, halamishite Ni5P4, and negevite NiP2. Crocobelonite forms submillimeter-sized aggregates of prismatic to acicular crystals of saffron-red to pinkish-red color. There are two polymorphic modifications of the mineral whose structures are interrelated by the unit-cell twinning. Crocobelonite-2O is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 14.2757(1), b = 6.3832(1), c = 7.3169(1) Å, V 666.76(1) Å3, Z = 4. This polymorphic modification is isotypic with synthetic oxy-phosphates AV23+(PO4)2O where A = Ca, Sr, Cd. The crystal structure has been refined to RB = 0.71% based on powder XRD data, using the Rietveld method and the input structural model obtained from the single-crystal study. Chemical composition (electron microprobe, wt%) is: CaO 16.03, MgO 0.56, Fe2O3 43.37, Al2O3 0.33, SiO2 0.32, P2O5 39.45, Total 100.06. The empirical formula based on O = 9 apfu is Ca1.02(V1.943+Mg0.05Al0.02)2.01(P1.98Si0.02)2.00O9.00 with Dcalc = 3.555 g/cm3. The strongest lines of powder XRD pattern [d(Å)(I)(hkl)] are: 6.54(16)(200), 5.12(26)(201), 3.549(100)(102), 3.200(50) (401), 2.912(19)(220), 2.869(40)(411), 2.662(21)(501). Crocobelonite-1M is monoclinic, P21/m, a = 7.2447(2), b = 6.3832(1), c = 7.3993(2) Å, β = 106.401(2)°, V = 328.252(14) Å3, Z = 2. This polymorphic modification does not have direct structural analogs. Its crystal structure has been solved and refined based on the single-crystal data to R1 = 1.81%. Chemical composition is: CaO 15.56, MgO 0.16, NiO 0.78, Fe2O3 41.28, Al2O3 0.45, V2O3 0.42, Cr2O3 0.23, TiO2 0.79, P2O5 39.94, Total 99.61, corresponding to the empirical formula (O = 9 apfu) Ca0.99(V1.853+Ni0.04Ti0.04Al0.03V0.023+Cr0.01Mg0.01)2.00P2.01O9.00 with Dcalc = 3.604 g/cm3. The strongest lines of powder XRD pattern [d(Å)(I)(hkl)] are 6.98(17)(100), 4.40(22)(101), 3.547(100)(201), 3.485(21)(200), 3.195(50)(020), 2.855(38)(102), 2.389(33)(122). Crocobelonite represents a novel type of phosphate mineral formed by oxidation of phosphide minerals at temperatures higher than 1000 °C and near-atmospheric pressure (pyrolytic oxidation).
Codebase release 8.3 for PYTHIA
Authors: Bierlich Christian , Chakraborty Smita , Desai Nishita , Gellersen Leif , Helenius Ilkka , Ilten Philip , Lönnblad Leif , Mrenna Stephen , Prestel Stefan , Preuss Christian Tobias , Sjöstrand Torbjörn , Skands Peter , Utheim Marius , Verheyen Rob 
Published: November 2022

This manual describes the Pythia event generator, the most recent
version of an evolving physics tool used to answer fundamental questions
in particle physics. The program is most often used to generate
high-energy-physics collision “events”, i.e. sets of particles produced
in association with the collision of two incoming high-energy particles,
but has several uses beyond that. The guiding philosophy is to produce
and re-produce properties of experimentally obtained collisions as
accurately as possible. The program includes a wide ranges of reactions
within and beyond the Standard Model, and extending to heavy ion
physics. Emphasis is put on phenomena where strong interactions play a
major role. The manual contains both pedagogical and practical
components. All included physics models are described in enough detail
to allow the user to obtain a cursory overview of used assumptions and
approximations, enabling an informed evaluation of the program output. A
number of the most central algorithms are described in enough detail
that the main results of the program can be reproduced independently,
allowing further development of existing models or the addition of new
ones. Finally, a chapter dedicated fully to the user is included towards
the end, providing pedagogical examples of standard use cases, and a
detailed description of a number of external interfaces. The program
code, the online manual, and the latest version of this print manual can
be found on the Pythia web page: https://www.pythia.org/.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: multicenter study of the treatment by the protocol ALL IC-BFM 2002
Authors: Valiev T. T. , Shervashidze M. A. , Osipova I. V. , Burlutskaya T. I. , Popova N. A. , Osmulskaya N. S. , Aleskerova G. A. , Sabantsev S. L. , Gordeeva Z. S. , Smirnov V. Yu. , Poberezhnaya O. A. , Yuldasheva S. N. , Babich I. A. , Guseynov V. T. , Jalilova S. N. , Korkina Yu. S. , Batmanova N. A. , Kirgizov K. I. , Varfolomeeva S. R. 
Published: November 2022

Background. Recovery of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was one of the most significant achievements of clinical oncohematology of XX century. Success in the treatment of ALL became possible due to comprehensive (clinical, morphoimmunological, cytogenetic) diagnostics and the development of differentiated, risk-adapted treatment protocols. The German group BFM (Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster) became a pioneer in creating effective treatment programs for children with ALL. Its new principles and approaches in treatment allow the vast majority of patients to be cured.The aim of the study – presentation of the treatment results of children with ALL based on the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol as part of a multicenter long standing study.Materials and methods. There were 592 patients with a newly diagnosed ALL in the study . The average age of patients was 10.5 years (from 4 months to 21 years). Treatment was carried out according to the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol in 11 clinics from 01.11.2003 to 16.05.2022. The overall (OS), relapse-free (RFS) and event-free (EFS) survivals of patients were estimated on 01.07.2022.Results. Complete clinical and hematological remission was achieved by the 33 day of therapy in 582 (98.3 %) cases. 10-year OS was 90.4 ± 1.5 %, RFS – 83.9 ± 1.9 % EFS – 82.4 ± 1.9 %. The analysis of survival of ALL patients in prognostic risk groups showed that 10-year OS in the standard risk group was 92.8 ± 1.7 %, RFS – 86 ± 2.2 % and EFS – 84.3 ± 2.2 %. Among the patients of the intermediate risk group the OS, RFS and EFS were 94.6 ± 2.6 %, 82.2 ± 5 % and 81.7 ± 5 %, respectively. The prognosis of ALL patients from the high-risk group turned out to be the least favorable: OS was 69.5 ± 8.7 %, RFS – 62 ± 9.4 % and EFS – 60.3 ± 9.3 %.Conclusion. Based on the results of a multicenter study the ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol showed high efficiency with the possibility of achieving a 10-year OS of 90.4 ± 1.5 %. This protocol turned out to be reproducible both in federal and regional clinics with high rates of long-term patients survival. This fact allows including it in the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
Complications of local treatment of retinoblastoma and their treatment (literature review)
Authors: Chochaeva A. M. , Volodin D. P. , Kotova E. S. , Yarovoy A. A. 
Published: November 2022

Thanks to the treatments that are happening today, the survival rate of patients with retinoblastoma (Rb) has reached 100 %. Despite the positive results of Rb treatment, intraocular complications are observed in observations. Complications that cause visualization of the fundus impede the control of tumor tissue in dynamics, which is associated with enucleation of the eyeball. Despite modern advances in the use of intraocular surgery, a positive and important aspect is the fact that any experience of intraocular infections with a high risk of growth dissemination, which requires an accurate assessment of the state of growth in dynamics and confidence in the stability of remission, which is not always possible with opaque optical environments. In this regard, the question arises of conservative methods of treatment of persistent complications.Given the small age of patients, this makes it difficult to perform conservative treatment in full. Effective are retrobulbar injections, which deliver the drug as close as possible to the posterior pole of the eye. However, for the maximum concentration of the drug, frequent injections are necessary, which is quite traumatic, accompanied by pain, and their frequent implementation contributes to scarring of the retrobulbar tissue. One way to avoid these adverse events is retrobulbar infusion therapy.As a result of retrobulbar infusion therapy, a silicone tube (catheter) is placed in the retrobulbar space for several days, followed by the administration of drugs several times a day.The review contains data on intraocular complications after local treatment of Rb, as well as possible methods for their relief.
Thrombophilia in children with venous thrombosis
Authors: Yafoshkina T. Yu. , Fedorova D. V. , Poletaev A. V. , Seregina E. A. , Zharkov P. A. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Venous thrombosis is a rare condition in children, but now there is a significant increase in cases among hospitalized children. Thrombosis in children is a multifactorial disorder, there are various risk factors, both inherited and acquired, such as a central venous catheter.The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence of thrombophilia among patients aged 0 to 18 years after a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Materials and methods. We have retrospectively analyzed the medical records of young patients (0–18 years) of from 2017 to 2021 of the Outpatient Consultative Unit of Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology and selected patients with objectively confirmed DVT, who were examined to exclude thrombophilia. Patients who did not have a full range of laboratory tests were not accounted for in the study. The patients who had DVT during infancy had additional tests at the age older than one year.All patients were divided into 2 groups: with and without thrombophilia. Chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of differences between groups.Results. We found 149 children with DVT: 103 patients were completely investigated for thrombophilia and a follow-up investigation is required for another 46 patients. Among 103 patients we didn’t confirm any prothrombotic condition in 54 of them, and thrombophilia was present in 49 patients. The prevalence of thrombophilia was estimated among children with DVT (n = 103): protein C deficiency – 3 %, antithrombin III deficiency – 4 %, protein S deficiency – 4 %, antiphospholipid syndrome – 1 %, mutation FV Leiden (hetero) – 7 %, FII G20210A (hetero) – 8 %, combined – 8 %, others – 13 % (increased concentration of fVIII, increased concentration of lipoprotein (a), high level of homocysteine).While comparing groups of patients with and without thrombophilia by age and sex, and by various clinical characteristics (localization of thrombus, underline clinical condition and some others) no statistically significant differences were revealed.Conclusion. Thrombophilias contribute to the occurrence of thrombosis in children. Results of thrombophilia screening rarely influence acute treatment decisions, so it is important to understand the limitations of this approach. Nevertheless, in some cases it is important to try to identify children with a tendency to develop thrombosis, since these patients may be candidates for prophylactic anticoagulation in situations of high risk of developing venous thromboembolism.
Problems and prospects for the use of nanofluids in thermal power engineering
Authors: Makeev A. N. , Kiryukhin Ya. A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. The aim of the work is to study the use of nanofluids as heat carriers to increase the efficiency of heat removal in energy facilities. To solve this problem, materials of domestic and foreign scientific articles, conferences and dissertations on the subject of nanofluids were analyzed. Numerous scientific publications, including those cited in the international databases Web of Science and Scopus, indicate that the topic of nanofluids is in the focus of modern science. However, despite a rather long period of fluid research, not all issues of this topic are sufficiently well covered and systematized, which opens up great opportunities for further research in this direction.Method. When achieving this goal, the areas of possible application of fluids, the mechanism of their synthesis, the features of their operation are considered, the advantages as a liquid coolant are indicated, and the disadvantages that prevent their widespread use are identified. Particular attention is paid to such issues as: synthesis of standardized nanofluids; ensuring their stable properties; the use of surfactants; increasing the pressure drop inside heat exchangers during operation of this coolant.Result. To eliminate the main drawback in the form of agglomeration of nanoparticles in the base fluid, it is proposed to use the oscillatory circulation of the coolant, which will also further intensify heat exchange from forced turbulence of the fluid.Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to improve the efficiency of heat and mass transfer devices with liquid coolant and systems based on them, as well as to reduce the weight and size parameters of such devices.
About the informatization object functioning stability assessment in conditions of computer attacks at exponential distribution law of time before the enemy’s impact
Authors: Voevodin V. A. , Vinogradov I. V. , Volkov D. I. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model for assessing the stability of the functioning of an informatization object (IO) in the conditions of computer attacks (CA), assuming that the laws of distribution of random variables before the enemy's impact and the recovery time are distributed exponentially.Method. Application of the method of discrete Markov processes to solve the problem of assessing the stability of IO, which differs from the known approaches in that to describe the state of IO, the concept of "non-returnable state" is introduced, into which the system can move due to the exhaustion of the resource allocated to restore its readiness after a successful CA.Result. As a result of the research, a mathematical model has been developed that allows us to build the stability function of the IO taking into account the intensity of the CA flow and the intensity of restoring its operability, taking into account the limitations on the allocated resource.Conclusion. The application of the method makes it possible to quantify the stability of the functioning of the IO by constructing the survivability function of the IO for conditions under which the flows of attacks and recoveries cannot be assumed stationary and ergodic, and there is also no representative statistics for calculating asymptotic estimates of stability. A quantitative assessment of the stability of the IO for the conditions of the CA is in demand by information security management bodies when making decisions to ensure the protection of information, as well as when justifying the requirements for the system to restore operability.
Network security systems
Authors: Ganzhur M. A. , Bryukhovetsky A. I. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. Network security systems are one of the key players in today's business life. Some networks are private while others are open to the public. Whether your network is private or public, it must be well secured and secure. In this article, we will discuss where network security begins, and describe the general measures taken to secure it.Method. The study is determined by the need to solve the problem of algorithmic and mathematical support for assessing the functional security of a network based on system modeling and finding erroneous positions.Result. Proposed deployment of a private network system that is designed and serves a specific group of people for communication, collaboration and sharing.Conclusion. The proposed methods can be effective in protecting the network from attacks and other security threats. Well-designed corporate policies are critical to defining and controlling access to various parts of the network.