bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to education experienced by students with disabilities in low- and middle-income African countries: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Egan Rylan , Wilson Rosemary , Robertson Madison , Scandiffio Jillian , Ross-White Amanda , Coderre-Ball Angela M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review sought to collect and synthesize studies that investigated the lived experience of barriers and facilitators to educational access and excellence for students with disabilities in low- and middle-income African countries.

Introduction:
Access to education in low- and middle-income African countries for students with disabilities is often inequitable. Although governments have developed policies and programs for student with disabilities, much of the literature guiding policy and program development has focused on the views of academics, parents, teachers, and political figures.

Inclusion criteria:
This systematic review considered studies that included participants who were students or trainees at the time of the study, have a disability, and were located in a low- and middle-income African country. The phenomena of interest were barriers and facilitators to educational success for students with disabilities. This review included qualitative, interpretive, and critical studies that drew on the experiences of students with disabilities.

Methods:
An initial search was conducted in CINAHL and MEDLINE, followed by development of a full search strategy that was used for AMED, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE, and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions, spanning from 1910–2021. Articles were limited to those published in English. The JBI approach was followed for study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessing confidence in the findings with ConQual.

Results:
Thirteen qualitative studies were included from seven African countries, and included primary, secondary and postsecondary students. The data were qualitatively synthesized into 64 findings, within six categories, which then formed two synthesized findings. The synthesized findings were: barriers and challenges to engaging in education, and supports for educational success.

Conclusions:
This review is a synthesis of the lived experiences of students with disabilities in low- and middle-income African countries to understand, in their own words, the challenges and supports they encounter during their educational journeys. Although many barriers and supports reported by students with disabilities and other stakeholders (eg, parents, teachers, administrators) are similar to those identified in this review, our findings identify that integrated research that includes students with disabilities will provide contextual and individual factors that are crucial for students to achieve equitable access to education.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019137951
Adverse drug events in cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions for diabetic conditions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pesonen Mari , Kankaanpää Eila , Jylhä Virpi 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of adverse drug events in cost-effectiveness analyses related to the pharmacological treatments of diabetes and diabetes-related complications.

Introduction:
The inclusion of adverse drug events in cost-effectiveness analyses is recognized in health technology assessments guidelines, but in practice, this is inconsistent. This inconsistency may affect the reliability of the evaluation and, therefore, indicate that the information provided for decision-making in health care is misleading. Reviewing if and how adverse drug events are incorporated in cost-effectiveness analyses is necessary to address this gap.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies including participants who are receiving pharmacological interventions for diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, or diabetic macular edema will be considered for inclusion. We will include sources that focus on cost-effectiveness analyses using modeling framework, and are published in English between 2011 and the present. Other types of analyses and other types of conditions will be excluded.

Methods:
The information sources to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, the NHS Economic Evaluations Database, and the Health Technology Assessment Database. Studies in English will be considered for inclusion in the review. Potential sources will be assessed by 2 independent reviewers and imported into the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram. A specific data extraction form will be used to extract and analyze the data. Results will be presented in tabular and graphic formats with a narrative summary, and will be discussed in the context of current literature and guidelines.
Preserved intercratonic lithosphere reveals Proterozoic assembly of Australia
Authors: Lu Yongjun , Wingate Michael T.D. , Smithies Robert H. , Gessner Klaus , Johnson Simon P. , Kemp Anthony I.S. , Kelsey David E. , Haines Peter W. , Martin David McB. , Martin Laure , Lindsay Mark 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Proterozoic assembly of Australia, the understanding of which is critical for reconstructing Proterozoic supercontinents, involved amalgamation of the West Australian (WAC), North Australian (NAC), and South Australian cratons (SAC). However, the basement between these Archean to early Proterozoic lithospheric blocks is mostly buried beneath younger basins; hence, its composition and age and the timing of Proterozoic assembly remain uncertain. In situ zircon U-Pb-O-Hf analyses of igneous rocks from drillholes that intersected basement beneath the northwestern Canning Basin reveal the presence of a substantial domain of juvenile Proterozoic lithosphere, the Percival Lakes province, between the WAC and NAC. Although isotopically distinct from the neighboring WAC and NAC, the Percival Lakes province is strikingly similar to other juvenile Proterozoic tectonic elements between the WAC, NAC, and SAC. Combining isotope and seismic data, we interpret the Percival Lakes province as part of an ~1700 × 400 km Proterozoic lithospheric domain that lacks evidence of Archean provenance but consists mainly of reworked remnants of Mesoproterozoic oceanic crust that survived WAC-NAC-SAC convergence. The apparent absence of Archean lithosphere between the cratons implies they never directly collided or that complete collision was prevented by impingement of three-dimensional promontories in the converging lithospheric blocks. Instead, the Percival Lakes province and other Proterozoic elements between the WAC, NAC, and SAC consist of oceanic lithosphere extracted from Earth's mantle in the Proterozoic. Our results imply that WAC-NAC convergence was younger than Columbia amalgamation at ca. 1.8 Ga and that Proterozoic Australia formed during the earliest phases of Rodinia assembly at ca. 1.3 Ga.
Impact of aspiration catheter size on clinical outcomes in aspiration thrombectomy
Authors: Schartz Derrek , Ellens Nathaniel , Kohli Gurkirat Singh , Rahmani Redi , Akkipeddi Sajal Medha K , Colby Geoffrey P , Hui Ferdinand , Bhalla Tarun , Mattingly Thomas , Bender Matthew T 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDirect aspiration thrombectomy is a well-established method for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Yet, the influence of aspiration catheter internal diameter (ID) on aspiration thrombectomy efficacy is incompletely understood.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-regression analysis was completed to evaluate the impact of primary aspiration thrombectomy outcomes based on the ID of the aspiration catheter. Primary outcome measures were: final recanalization of modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) 2b-3 with aspiration only and with rescue modalities, first pass effect (FPE), need for rescue modalities, intracranial hemorrhagic complication rates, and functional outcomes of 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2.Results30 studies were identified with 3228 patients. Meta-regression analysis revealed a significant association between increasing aspiration catheter ID and FPE (p=0.032), between ID and final recanalization with aspiration only (p=0.05), and between ID size and recanalization including cases with rescue modalities (p=0.002). Further, subgroup analysis indicated that catheters with an ID ≥0.064 inch had a lower rate of need for rescue than smaller catheters (p=0.013). Additionally, catheters with an ID ≥0.068 inch had a higher rate of intracranial bleeding complications (p=0.025). Lastly, no significant association was found in functional outcomes overall.ConclusionsLarger aspiration catheters are associated with a higher rate of FPE, final recanalization with only an aspiration catheter, and in cases with rescue modalities, though with a higher rate of hemorrhagic complications. These findings confirm that aspiration catheter size functions as a variable in aspiration thrombectomy, which should be considered in future study and trial design.
Do the Einstein-matter field equations always predict the existence of light rings in black-hole spacetimes?
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe are used to think of null circular geodesics as an integral part of black-hole spacetimes. In the present compact paper we reveal the physically interesting fact that, contrary to the general belief, the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations do not a priori guarantee the existence of external light rings in extremal black-hole spacetimes. This observation raises the intriguing possibility of having extremal black-hole spacetimes that possess no external light rings. We prove that these unique black holes, if exist, are characterized by non-positive tangential pressures on their surfaces.
Scattering of fermionic isodoublets on the sine-Gordon kink
Authors: Loginov A. Yu. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe scattering of Dirac fermions on the sine-Gordon kink is studied both analytically and numerically. To achieve invariance with respect to a discrete symmetry, the sine-Gordon model is treated as a nonlinear $$\sigma $$
σ
-model with a circular target space that interacts with fermionic isodublets through the Yukawa interaction. It is shown that the diagonal and antidiagonal parts of the fermionic wave function interact independently with the external field of the sine-Gordon kink. The wave functions of the fermionic scattering states are expressed in terms of the Heun functions. General expressions for the transmission and reflection coefficients are derived, and their dependences on the fermion momentum and mass are studied numerically. The existence condition is found for two fermionic zero modes, and their analytical expressions are obtained. It is shown that the zero modes do not lead to fragmentation of the fermionic charge, but can lead to polarization of the fermionic vacuum. The scattering of the diagonal and antidiagonal fermionic states is found to be significantly different; this difference is shown to be due to the different dependences of the energy levels of these bound states on the fermion mass, and is in accordance with Levinson’s theorem.
About this title - The Geochemistry and Geophysics of the Antarctic Mantle
Authors: Martin A. P. , van der Wal W. 
Published: August 2022

This Memoir is the first dedicated to the Antarctic mantle. It is a cross-disciplinary reference work combining geochemistry and geophysics to characterize Antarctic mantle properties. Through observations and modelling the mantle structures, compositions and dynamics are characterized at regional and continental scales by subject experts.
The Memoir reviews all known occurrences of sub-continental mantle xenoliths in igneous rocks. These studies are presented by region as southern or northern Victoria Land, Marie Byrd Land, the Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic Islands. Sub-oceanic mantle in tectonically emplaced and abyssal settings is also considered where known. This is complemented by a continental-scale mantle xenolith overview, mantle characteristics from igneous rocks and a quantitative mantle fabric study. State-of-the-art, continental-scale geophysical overviews of the Antarctic mantle are presented by discipline as seismology, gravity and magnetics, magnetotellurics, rheology, glacial isostatic adjustment, mantle convection and palaeotopography. This Memoir will be the reference for all researchers interested in the Antarctic mantle and its role in dynamics that shape the Antarctic surface and ice sheets.
About this title - Tectonic Development, Thermal History and Hydrocarbon Habitat Models of Transform Margins: their Differences from Rifted Margins
Authors: Nemčok M. , Doran H. , Doré A. G. , Ledvényiová L. , Rybár S. 
Published: August 2022

Transform margins form a significant portion of Earth's continent–ocean transition and are integral to continental break-up, yet compared to other margins are poorly understood. This volume brings together new multidisciplinary research to document the structural, sedimentological and thermal evolution of transform margins, highlighting their relationship to continental structure, neighbouring oceanic segments, pull-apart basins and marginal plateaus. Special emphasis is given to the comparison of transform and rifted margins, and to the economic implications of transform margin structure and evolution.
Transform case studies include the Agulhas–Falkland transform, Coromandal transform (East India), Davie margin and Limpopo transform (East Africa), Guyana transform margin, Demerara transform margin (Suriname), Romanche and St Paul transforms (equatorial Africa), Sagaing transform (Andaman Sea) and Zenith–Wallaby–Perth transform (West Australia). The broad-scale interplay between transform and rifted margin segments in the North and Central Atlantic, and Caribbean, is also examined.
Selenium Modulates Cancer Cell Response to Pharmacologic Ascorbate
Authors: Jankowski Connor S.R. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

High-dose ascorbate (vitamin C) has shown promising anticancer activity. Two redox mechanisms have been proposed: hydrogen peroxide generation by ascorbate itself or glutathione depletion by dehydroascorbate (formed by ascorbate oxidation). Here we show that the metabolic effects and cytotoxicity of high-dose ascorbate in vitro result from hydrogen peroxide independently of dehydroascorbate. These effects were suppressed by selenium through antioxidant selenoenzymes including glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) but not the classic ferroptosis-inhibiting selenoenzyme GPX4. Selenium-mediated protection from ascorbate was powered by NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway. In vivo, dietary selenium deficiency resulted in significant enhancement of ascorbate activity against glioblastoma xenografts. These data establish selenoproteins as key mediators of cancer redox homeostasis. Cancer sensitivity to free radical-inducing therapies, including ascorbate, may depend on selenium, providing a dietary approach for improving their anticancer efficacy.

Significance:
Selenium restriction augments ascorbate efficacy and extends lifespan in a mouse xenograft model of glioblastoma, suggesting that targeting selenium-mediated antioxidant defenses merits clinical evaluation in combination with ascorbate and other pro-oxidant therapies.
Evaluating and Improving Cancer Screening Process Quality in a Multilevel Context: The PROSPR II Consortium Design and Research Agenda
Authors: Beaber Elisabeth F. , Kamineni Aruna , Burnett-Hartman Andrea N. , Hixon Brian , Kobrin Sarah C. , Li Christopher I. , Oliver Malia , Rendle Katharine A. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Todd Kaitlin , Zheng Yingye , Ziebell Rebecca A. , Breslau Erica S. , Chubak Jessica , Corley Douglas A. , Greenlee Robert T. , Haas Jennifer S. , Halm Ethan A. , Honda Stacey , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Ritzwoller Debra P. , Schottinger Joanne E. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Vachani Anil , Doria-Rose V. Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cancer screening is a complex process involving multiple steps and levels of influence (e.g., patient, provider, facility, health care system, community, or neighborhood). We describe the design, methods, and research agenda of the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR II) consortium. PROSPR II Research Centers (PRC), and the Coordinating Center aim to identify opportunities to improve screening processes and reduce disparities through investigation of factors affecting cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer screening in U.S. community health care settings.

Methods:
We collected multilevel, longitudinal cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer screening process data from clinical and administrative sources on &gt;9 million racially and ethnically diverse individuals across 10 heterogeneous health care systems with cohorts beginning January 1, 2010. To facilitate comparisons across organ types and highlight data breadth, we calculated frequencies of multilevel characteristics and volumes of screening and diagnostic tests/procedures and abnormalities.

Results:
Variations in patient, provider, and facility characteristics reflected the PROSPR II health care systems and differing target populations. PRCs identified incident diagnoses of invasive cancers, in situ cancers, and precancers (invasive: 372 cervical, 24,131 colorectal, 11,205 lung; in situ: 911 colorectal, 32 lung; precancers: 13,838 cervical, 554,499 colorectal).

Conclusions:
PROSPR II's research agenda aims to advance: (i) conceptualization and measurement of the cancer screening process, its multilevel factors, and quality; (ii) knowledge of cancer disparities; and (iii) evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic's initial impacts on cancer screening. We invite researchers to collaborate with PROSPR II investigators.

Impact:
PROSPR II is a valuable data resource for cancer screening researchers.
Cediranib in Combination with Olaparib in Patients without a Germline BRCA1/2 Mutation and with Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Phase IIb CONCERTO Trial
Authors: Lee Jung-Min , Moore Richard G. , Ghamande Sharad , Park Min S. , Diaz John P. , Chapman Julia , Kendrick James , Slomovitz Brian M. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Lowe Elizabeth S. , Milenkova Tsveta , Kumar Sanjeev , Dymond Mike , Brown Jessica , Liu Joyce F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cediranib plus olaparib (cedi/ola) were investigated in patients with nongermline–BRCA-mutated (non-gBRCAm) platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Patients and Methods:
PARP inhibitor–naïve women aged ≥18 years with platinum-resistant non-gBRCAm ovarian cancer, ECOG performance status of 0–2, and ≥3 prior lines of therapy received cediranib 30 mg once daily plus olaparib 200 mg twice daily in this single-arm, multicenter, phase IIb trial. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by independent central review (ICR) using RECIST 1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety and tolerability were also examined.

Results:
Sixty patients received cedi/ola, all of whom had confirmed non-gBRCAm status. Patients had received a median of four lines of chemotherapy; most (88.3%) had received prior bevacizumab. ORR by ICR was 15.3%, median PFS was 5.1 months, and median OS was 13.2 months. Forty-four (73.3%) patients reported a grade ≥3 adverse event (AE), with one patient experiencing a grade 5 AE (sepsis), considered unrelated to the study treatment. Dose interruptions, reductions, and discontinuations due to AEs occurred in 55.0%, 18.3%, and 18.3% of patients, respectively. Patients with high global loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) had ORR of 26.7% [4/15; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.8–55.1], while ORR was 12.5% (4/32; 95% CI, 3.5–29.0) in the low gLOH group.

Conclusions:
Clinical activity was shown for the cedi/ola combination in heavily pretreated, non-gBRCAm, platinum-resistant patients with ovarian cancer despite failing to meet the target ORR of 20%, highlighting a need for further biomarker studies.
Tilsotolimod Exploits the TLR9 Pathway to Promote Antigen Presentation and Type 1 IFN Signaling in Solid Tumors: A Multicenter International Phase I/II Trial (ILLUMINATE-101)
Authors: Babiker Hani , Borazanci Erkut , Subbiah Vivek , Agarwala Sanjiv , Algazi Alain , Schachter Jacob , Lotem Michael , Maurice-Dror Corinne , Hendler Daniel , Rahimian Shah , Minderman Hans , Haymaker Cara , Mahadevan Daruka , Bernatchez Chantale , Murthy Ravi , Hultsch Rolf , Kaplan Nadia , Woodhead Gregory , Hennemeyer Charles , Chunduru Srinivas , Anderson Peter M. , Diab Adi , Puzanov Igor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Tilsotolimod is an investigational synthetic Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist that has demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models. The ILLUMINATE-101 phase I study explored the safety, dose, efficacy, and immune effects of intratumoral (it) tilsotolimod monotherapy in multiple solid tumors.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with a diagnosis of refractory cancer not amenable to curative therapies received tilsotolimod in doses escalating from 8 to 32 mg into a single lesion at weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 11. Additional patients with advanced malignant melanoma were enrolled into an expansion cohort at the 8 mg dose. Objectives included characterizing the safety, establishing the dose, efficacy, and immunologic assessment. Blood samples and tumor biopsies of injected and noninjected lesions were obtained at baseline and 24 hours after treatment for immune analyses.

Results:
Thirty-eight and 16 patients were enrolled into the dose escalation and melanoma expansion cohorts, respectively. Deep visceral injections were conducted in 91% of patients. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) or grade 4 treatment-related adverse events were observed. Biopsies 24 hours after treatment demonstrated an increased IFN pathway signature and dendritic cell maturation. Immunologic profiling revealed upregulation of IFN-signaling genes and modulation of genes for checkpoint proteins. In the dose escalation cohort, 12 (34%) of 35 evaluable patients achieved a best overall response rate (ORR) of stable disease (SD), whereas 3 (19%) of 16 evaluable patients in the melanoma cohort achieved stable disease.

Conclusions:
Overall, tilsotolimod monotherapy was generally well tolerated and induced rapid, robust alterations in the tumor microenvironment.
See related commentary by Punekar and Weber, p. 5007
Optimization and Characterization of a Bone Culture Model to Study Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Wu Yi-Hsuan , Gugala Zbigniew , Barry Megan M. , Shen Yichao , Dasgupta Subhamoy , Wang Hai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nearly 90% of patients with advanced prostate cancer manifest bone metastases. Distinct from the osteolytic metastasis mostly observed in other cancer types, prostate cancer bone metastasis is typically more osteoblastic, which is relatively understudied due to the lack of reliable and efficient models to resemble the indolent cellular growth and complexity of metastatic progression. In our previous studies, we developed bone-in-culture array (BICA) to primarily model the osteoblast-involved, pre-osteolytic stage of breast cancer bone metastasis. Given that the progression of prostate cancer bone metastasis is largely osteoblastic, it is reasonable to speculate that the original BICA model can be adjusted to investigate prostate cancer bone metastases. In this study, we refined BICA by reducing the surgical labor and improving its reproducibility and capacity. The optimized BICA can successfully recapitulate important features of prostate cancer bone metastasis such as the osteoblastic phenotype, indolent growth, cancer–niche interactions, and response to hormones. Our efforts address the long-standing need for reliable and efficient models to study prostate cancer bone metastasis.