bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How accurate and predictive are judgments of solvability? Explorations in a two-phase anagram solving paradigm
Authors: Burton Olivia R. , Bodner Glen E. , Williamson Paul , Arnold Michelle M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Meta-reasoning requires monitoring and controlling one’s reasoning processes, and it often begins with an assessment of problem solvability. We explored whether Judgments of Solvability (JOS) for solvable and unsolvable anagrams discriminate and predict later problem-solving outcomes once anagrams solved during the JOS task are excluded. We also examined whether providing training via longer-duration anagrams improves JOS discrimination and predictiveness. In a two-phase paradigm, participants judged each anagram as solvable, not solvable, or already solved (S, NS, AS; JOS phase) then later attempted to solve the anagrams within 45 s (solving phase). Anagrams were presented in 4 blocks. In the training groups, anagram duration started at 16 s and halved across blocks, whereas in the no-training groups anagram duration was always 2 s. Participants’ S JOSs typically were discriminating after excluding anagrams that received AS JOSs, but training did not lead to better discrimination in the final block. Training improved AS JOS predictiveness, but not S JOS predictiveness. Thus, training increased solving during the JOS task rather than increasing JOS predictiveness. In Experiment 3 these findings replicated when both solvable and unsolvable anagrams were presented in the solving phase and no response deadline was set. Here, problem-solving outcomes and effort regulation (i.e., response times) were predicted by AS and NS JOSs, but not by S JOSs. Overall, although S JOSs were discriminating, they were not predictive of later problem solving or effort regulation—and this was true even after training with longer-duration anagrams.
Segregation of a Phosphorus Rich Phase During Differential Solidification of BOF Slag
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bang Tuyen , Mitra Subhasish , Evans Geoffrey M. , Doostmohammadi Hamid , Monaghan Brian J. , Zulli Paul , Jang Kyoung-oh , O’Dea Damien , Honeyands Tom 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the segregation behaviour of the phosphorus rich (P-rich) phase from the iron-rich (Fe-rich) phase in steelmaking slag from laboratory to industrial scale using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in order to propose a suitable separation practice for the P-rich phase. Crucible experiments and corresponding CFD simulations using enthalpy-porosity approach were first performed to verify the concentration difference of phosphorus in the two phases. Both simulation and experimental results showed ~ 17 to 18 pct increase in phosphorus concentration in the top region of the crucible after solidification. The simulations were then scaled up to an industrial slag pot and slag pit. Reasonable agreement was obtained with published results for phosphorus concentration, and the total liquid amount in the 16-tonne slag pot, under practical cooling conditions. Simulations in the 30-tonne slag pit with in-ground insulation showed an increase of ~ 25 pct of the P-rich phase in the top region (while concentrating the Fe-rich phase in the bottom region). Differential concentration of the P-rich phase within the slag (as a result of heat transfer, micro/macro-segregation) suggested that separation of phosphorus in industrial scale slag pot and slag pit—as batch systems—is possible. Suggestions for separation in continuous operation are also discussed.
Multifunctional Metal Matrix Composites by Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yan Shiqin , Chen Ling , Yob Andrew , Renshaw David , Yang Kun , Givord Michel , Liang Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report a class of multifunctional metal matrix composite (MMC) materials that combine structural and functional properties, potentially providing significantly improved protection against space environmental hazards, without the punishment of increasing weight and size or poor scalability. Formed by a scalable friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) process, these MMCs are incorporated with a high level of uniformly distributed ceramic or metallic particles at a fraction of greater than 30%. The microstructures of the metal matrices between these added particles are significantly refined by the FSAM process as well as by the presence of large amounts of the particles, e.g., interparticle space of down to less than 1 µm in aluminum MMCs. Consequently, a combination of this high concentration of ceramic and metallic particles and the refinement of the MMC matrix by the FSAM process results in not only enhancing mechanical properties, e.g., hardness and resistance to wear but also embedding functionalities of these incorporated particles in the MMCs. These embedded functional properties can be controlled to provide effective shielding of particle radiation, improved tolerance to high temperature, increased friction force at contact surfaces, etc., which are critical to mitigate the hazards of the space environment.
Manual on the proper use of meta-[211At] astato-benzylguanidine ([211At] MABG) injections in clinical trials for targeted alpha therapy (1st edition)
Authors: Ukon Naoyuki , Higashi Tatsuya , Hosono Makoto , Kinuya Seigo , Yamada Takahiro , Yanagida Sachiko , Namba Masao , Nakamura Yoshihide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we present the guideline for use of meta-[211At] astatobenzylguanidine ([211At] MABG), a newly introduced alpha emitting radiopharmaceutical to the up-coming World’s first clinical trial for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) at Fukushima Medical University in Japan, focusing on radiation safety issues in Japan. This guideline was prepared based on a study supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and approved by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine on Oct. 5th, 2021. The study showed that patients receiving [211At] MABG do not need to be admitted to a radiotherapy room and that TAT using [211At] MABG is possible on an outpatient basis. The radiation exposure from the patient is within the safety standards of the ICRP and IAEA recommendations for the general public and caregivers or patient’s family members. In this guideline, the following contents are also included: precautions for patients and their families, safety management associated with the use of [211At] MABG, education and training, and disposal of medical radioactive contaminants. TAT using [211At] MABG in Japan should be carried out according to this guideline. Although this guideline is based on the medical environment and laws and regulations in Japan, the issues for radiation protection and evaluation methodology presented in this guideline are useful and internationally acceptable as well.
The role of domestic and foreign economic uncertainties in determining the foreign exchange rates: an extended monetary approach
Authors: Murad S. M. Woahid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study extends the monetary model of the exchange rate by incorporating news-based domestic and US economic policy uncertainties (EPUs). We consider 12 developed and developing economies and use monthly data covering 2000:M1 to 2017:M2. The extended monetary model is estimated by the panel quantile regression of Machado and Santos Silva (2019) and Pesaran (2006) common correlated effects within linear and nonlinear panel ARDL frameworks. The estimates illustrate the significant effects of EPUs on developed and developing economies. The ARDL models show that the impact of EPUs is mostly a long-run phenomenon. The Wald test statistics confirm asymmetric effects of EPUs at different quantiles. Moreover, the Wald statistics also support the asymmetric effects of increasing and decreasing EPUs. Overall, domestic, and foreign economic uncertainties significantly affect developed and developing economies’ exchange rates, at least in the long run. Therefore, economic uncertainty should be considered in determining the exchange rate. This extended model might be more appropriate in the post-Covid-19 era.
Mapping the Patent Landscape of Quantum Technologies: Patenting Trends, Innovation and Policy Implications
Authors: Aboy Mateo , Minssen Timo , Kop Mauritz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent technical breakthroughs underscore the potential of second generation (2G) quantum technologies including quantum simulation, quantum sensing and metrology, quantum computation, and quantum communication. Patenting trends of such technologies are an indicator of the pace of innovation at the invention stage. Empirical studies looking at the real-world patenting activity can provide valuable evidence to help assess and guide policy proposals related to intellectual property rights (IPRs), innovation and governance of quantum technologies. In this paper, we report the results of a study designed to map the patent landscape of quantum technologies. We evaluate the patenting trends over the last 20 years to determine: (1) the growth of quantum technology patents, (2) the technology breakdown and classification of patenting activity, (3) the choice of priority patent office, (4) the types of patent claims and strategies, (5) the subject matter of recently awarded patents, (6) the top patent owners, (7) the dominant patent portfolios, and (8) the geographical distribution of this patent activity. Based on our patent landscape study, we critically examine if patent protection is posing a problem in the technical field of quantum technologies. We show how quantum patent disclosure is moving us to an emerging quantum information commons, gradually reinforcing the public domain. Additionally, we examine the innovation and policy implications of these results in the broader context of quantum innovation initiatives, market competition, the patent/trade secret interface, and governance of quantum technologies.
Impact of sarcopenia on daily functioning: a cross-sectional study among older inpatients
Authors: Bertschi Dominic , Kiss Caroline M. , Beerli Nadine , Mauthner Oliver , Kressig Reto W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and aim
Geriatric patients with sarcopenia are at increased risk for functional decline with loss of independence in daily living. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on different domains of functional status in hospitalized geriatric patients.

Methods
Sarcopenia was assessed at hospital admission using the recommendations of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Body impedance analysis (BIA) was performed to determine muscle mass, and a pneumatic hand dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength. The functional independence measure (FIM) score, an 18-item tool exploring an individual's physical, cognitive and social functions, was used to measure functional status.

Results
In 305 included inpatients with a median age of 84.0 years (65.6% female), prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.6%. Overall, sarcopenic patients had significant lower FIM scores compared to non-sarcopenic patients (p = 0.006). An association with sarcopenia was found for the FIM items bed/chair/wheelchair transfer (p = 0.047), transfer to toilet (p = 0.048), locomotion (p = 0.001), climbing stairs (p = 0.012), comprehension (p = 0.029), and social interaction (p = 0.028).

Conclusion
In hospitalized geriatric patients, sarcopenia was found to be associated with both cognitive and mobility domains, but not with self-care domains of the FIM score. Therefore, when addressing sarcopenia in inpatients, tailored and multi-dimensional training interventions mainly should focus on motor-cognitive abilities.
Fighting social isolation in times of pandemic COVID-19: the role of video calls for older hospitalized patients
Authors: Dürst Anne-Véronique , Graf Christophe E. , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Zekry Dina , Boccardi Virginia , Monney Lauretta , Joss Isaline , Vuilloud Karine , Vespignani Giulia , Bosshard Wanda , Mecocci Patrizia , Bula Christophe J. , D’Amelio Patrizia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Loneliness and social isolation are associated with anxiety and psychological discomfort, especially amongst the oldest and fragile persons.

Aims
SILVER evaluates the acceptance of video calls by old hospitalized patients and their relatives during the ban on visits due to the COVID-19. Moreover, SILVER evaluates if the use of different communication technology is associated with different outcomes in terms of anxiety, fear of self and of others’ death and mood.

Methods
SILVER is an observational multicentre study. Patients hospitalized in two geriatric units in Switzerland and in one orthogeriatric unit in Italy and their relatives were enrolled. Participants can freely choose to use phone or video calls and were evaluated over a week. We measured anxiety, fear of death and mood at baseline and at the end of the study with standard scales. The use of video or phone calls was associated to a change in these parameters by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures.

Results
Sixty-four patients and relatives were enrolled, 26.5% used phone calls and 73.5% video calls. The use of video calls was associated with a reduction in anxiety and fear of death in patients and relatives as compared to participants using phone calls.

Discussion
Old patients and their relatives accepted and appreciated the use of video calls during hospitalization; moreover, participant using video calls appears to be less anxious and less afraid of death.

Conclusions
Video calls may be a useful communication tool for hospitalized older patients to keep social relationships with relatives and reduce their anxiety and fear of death.

Trial Registration
Retrospectively registered on 1st September 2021 in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05000099).
A Systematic Review of Emergent Learning Outcomes Produced by Foreign language Tact Training
Authors: Wooderson John R. , Bizo Lewis A. , Young Kirsty 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis systematic review evaluated the effects of foreign tact training on emergent learning outcomes in ten published studies. We also conducted a meta-analysis of aggregate data from seven studies comparing outcomes of foreign tact training with other verbal operant procedures. The preliminary findings indicated foreign tact training produced criterion-level responses in 84 of 106 (79.2%) post-test probes across 37 learners and 55 evaluations of foreign tact training. The meta-analysis results revealed significantly higher within-subjects mean levels of emergent responding following foreign tact training than foreign-to-native intraverbal, native-to-foreign intraverbal, and foreign listener training. Emergent outcomes for adults were not significantly greater than for children. Finally, foreign tact training was slightly more efficient than the other verbal operant procedures, although most of the differences were not statistically significant.
The n-queens completion problem
Authors: Glock Stefan , Munhá Correia David , Sudakov Benny 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn n-queens configuration is a placement of n mutually non-attacking queens on an $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

chessboard. The n-queens completion problem, introduced by Nauck in 1850, is to decide whether a given partial configuration can be completed to an n-queens configuration. In this paper, we study an extremal aspect of this question, namely: how small must a partial configuration be so that a completion is always possible? We show that any placement of at most n/60 mutually non-attacking queens can be completed. We also provide partial configurations of roughly n/4 queens that cannot be completed and formulate a number of interesting problems. Our proofs connect the queens problem to rainbow matchings in bipartite graphs and use probabilistic arguments together with linear programming duality.
The microeconomics of data – a survey
Authors: Pino Flavio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, academia, institutions, and policymakers have been focusing their attention on the impact of data in digital markets. The economic literature that explicitly models data and their collection as strategic variables is growing, but most studies focus on distinct settings with specific data uses. This survey aims to organise this literature to extract general insights that hold across different models and assumptions. To do so, I identify three classes of models according to the way they model data collection. I find that each class is characterised by a specific impact of data on the market outcomes, regardless of the specific data use. First, when firms obtain data without strategic interactions, their use has a pro-competitive effect on the market. However, firms fail to fully internalise the data externalities, leading to data overuse and, in turn, privacy concerns. Second, when firms collect data from their interaction with consumers, data can facilitate market tipping, especially if firms are asymmetric in their starting positions. Third, when firms acquire data from data intermediaries, data are strategically sold to temper competition in the downstream market, allowing intermediaries to extract most of the surplus at the expense of firms and consumers. These general insights can facilitate future research and help policymakers to have a more general understanding of the competitive effects of data, depending on the situation at hand.
A qualitative, network-centric method for modeling socio-technical systems, with applications to evaluating interventions on social media platforms to increase social equality
Authors: Joseph Kenneth , Chen Huei-Yen Winnie , Ionescu Stefania , Du Yuhao , Sankhe Pranav , Hannak Aniko , Rudra Atri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose and extend a qualitative, complex systems methodology from cognitive engineering, known as theabstraction hierarchy, to model how potential interventions that could be carried out by social media platforms might impact social equality. Social media platforms have come under considerable ire for their role in perpetuating social inequality. However, there is also significant evidence that platforms can play a role inreducingsocial inequality, e.g. through the promotion of social movements. Platforms’ role in producing or reducing social inequality is, moreover, not static; platforms can and often do take actions targeted at positive change. How can we develop tools to help us determine whether or not a potential platform change might actually work to increase social equality? Here, we present the abstraction hierarchy as a tool to help answer this question. Our primary contributions are two-fold. First, methodologically, we extend existing research on the abstraction hierarchy in cognitive engineering with principles from Network Science. Second, substantively, we illustrate the utility of this approach by using it to assess the potential effectiveness of a set of interventions, proposed in prior work, for how online dating websites can help mitigate social inequality.
Response of sunflower and soybean to infection with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with addition of organic amendments
Authors: Asadabadi Ramin Safaei , Hage-Ahmed Karin , Steinkellner Siegrid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe addition of compost, green waste biochar, and wood biochar to a pathosystem consisting of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and two susceptible host plants, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.), was investigated in a greenhouse study. Plant growth characteristics, disease incidence and the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum in root exudates of plants inoculated and not inoculated with this pathogen were determined. Both plants showed different responses in terms of shoot and root weight. Disease incidence in sunflower was lowest in the substrate consisting of green waste biochar and compost. The disease incidence in this substrate was approximately half that in the control treatment. In soybean, the highest disease suppression was achieved with this combined substrate too. Mycelial growth in sunflower root exudates from uninoculated plants was higher than that in sunflower plants inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The substrate did not influence mycelial growth in root exudates. Soybean root exudates did not show this effect of the pathogen. This study proves that the addition of organic matter inputs such as biochar and compost can improve plant growth and can also have favorable effects against S. sclerotiorum infection. In addition, it is demonstrated that both the pathogen and host plant are instrumental in determining the mode of action of the supplemented organic material. The addition of the same organic material can lead to different responses in certain pathogens, such as S. sclerotiorum, depending on the host plant.
Gone with the wind: how state power and industrial policy in the offshore wind power sector are blowing away the obstacles to East Asia’s green energy transition
Authors: Mathews John , Thurbon Elizabeth , Kim Sung-Young , Tan Hao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOffshore wind power (OWP) is emerging as the fastest growing sector in the global race towards renewables, and likely to emerge in just a few years as the largest segment in absolute terms. It has grown from accounting for just 1% of wind power capacity in 2010 to 10% by 2019 and is anticipated to reach 20% early in the 2020s. The OWP sector involves heavy engineering in the building of huge turbines, steel and concrete platforms, and extensive subsea cabling that resembles the shipbuilding industry more than mass production of consumables like solar cells. European firms were early developers of OWP but are now witnessing the rise of strong competitors from Northeast Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) as well as potentially the USA. We use the framework of developmental environmentalism to argue that NEAsian developmental state traditions are being extended in the way that firms and governments from the region are promoting OWP. We frame an evolutionary political economy (EPE) argument that characterizes these NEAsian states as in their different ways utilizing OWP as a sustainable and scalable renewable energy source, particularly when linked to green hydrogen production, and are developing a new generation of industrial policies to break down resistance to the energy transition. We frame an argument for these NEAsian transitions as continuing the developmental tradition in what has been described as developmental environmentalism, with state agencies playing a continuing role in setting new directions — in this case towards OWP. We contrast this framework with that of the widely recognized multilevel perspective (MLP) with its emphasis on bottom-up processes. We highlight the role played by fossil fuel companies in finding a place for themselves in the green transition, as they diversify from oil and gas operations (e.g., floating oil platforms) to renewable energy operations (offshore wind), redeploying their resources and capabilities to do so.
The Right to Run for Election in Zambia: A Preserve of the “Educated” Class?
Authors: Phiri Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe 2016 amendments to the Constitution of Zambia 1991 have transformed Zambia's constitutional order in many respects. Among other transformative provisions, the Constitution now requires everyone seeking elective public office to have, as a minimum qualification, a grade twelve certificate or its equivalent. This article examines the rationale for this requirement, as judicially interpreted, through the lens of the right to run for election. The article's core argument is twofold. First, that the requirement is an unwarranted restriction on the right to run for election and cannot be justified when considered in its relevant context. Secondly, that the Constitutional Court of Zambia's recent interpretation of the requirement further limits the right to run for election and in turn narrows the field of candidates from which voters may choose, potentially depriving the country of resourceful political leadership. The article concludes with a call for reform.