bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To scan or not to scan? The economics of transthoracic ultrasonography for ‘whole‐flock’ ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma screening in UK sheep flocks
Authors: Davies Peers , Strugnell Ben , Thomas Lian , Lovatt Fiona , Willison Isobel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransthoracic ultrasonography (TTUS) is currently the only widely used method to diagnose suspected preclinical or subclinical cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma/Jaagsiekte (OPA) in live sheep. However, the economic impact of using TTUS as a screening test has not been described previously.MethodsTest characteristics for TTUS in a low‐prevalence situation were obtained from a previous study of 1074 breeding ewes that underwent TTUS with an experienced operator. The economic impact was modelled using a 10,000‐iteration partial budget simulation and probability sensitivity analysis to explore the relative influence of model variables.ResultsIn flocks of this size, culling true‐positive and false‐positive cases resulted in an estimated median net loss of £4647 (interquartile range: £3537–£6006), determined primarily by replacement ewe value and the cost of TTUS per ewe.ConclusionThe results of this study emphasise that great caution should be exercised by practitioners when determining if TTUS is appropriate as a screening test for OPA in low‐prevalence flocks or subpopulations within a flock, such as younger age groups, where the losses incurred through the inadvertent culling of healthy sheep may significantly exceed any benefit derived from culling preclinical/subclinical cases.
White Phosphorus Reduction and Oligomerization by a Potassium Diamidoalumanyl
Authors: Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L. , Neale Samuel E. , Pearce Kyle G. , Schwamm Ryan J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReactions of the potassium alumanyl derivative, [K{Al(SiNDipp)}]2(SiNDipp={CH2SiMe2NDipp}2), with white phosphorus result in two electron reduction to provide controlled access to species containing the (P4)2−dianion. Two examples have been crystallographically characterized, a monomeric derivative in which the potassium cation is encapsulated by 18‐crown‐6 (18‐cr‐6) and a 1‐dimensional polymeric species isolated from diethyl ether solution. Although reactions performed at more elevated temperatures and in the presence of additional equivalents of P4resulted in similar outcomes, these conditions also result in P4oligomerization, albeit by as yet unidentified mechanisms. The structures of [{(SiNDipp)AlK(THF)2}2(P6)] and [{(SiNDipp)AlK(toluene)2}2(P16)] have, thus, also been crystallographically characterized and interrogated computationally by quantum chemical (DFT, QTAIM) methods.
Results of Astro-Measurements of the Deflection of Vertical Using the New Observation Technique
Authors: Murzabekov Murat , Fateev Vyacheslav , Pruglo Aleksei , Ravdin Sergei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe initial information for the development of high-degree models of the Earth's gravitational field (EGF) are the results of satellite and ground-based measurements. At the same time, satellite measurements carry information on the long-wave structure of the EGF. Information on the short-wave structure of the EGF can be obtained only on the basis of ground-based measurements. Having organized the determination of deflection of vertical (DOV) with a resolution of several kilometers, the local structure of the EGF can be restored with the highest possible resolution. This can be done using digital zenith camera systems (DZCS). They are automated and allow to determine the components of the DOV at the point of placement in real time. The article presents the developed measurement technique with a DZCS and the results of its tests at various geographical points in the field. The proposed technique, unlike the existing traditional technique, allows to evaluate and take into account the calibration coefficients of the DZCS in each series of observations. In addition, the new proposed technique does not impose requirements on the accuracy of rotation of the telescope around the axis in the horizontal plane and the rigidity of the base of the DZCS. The test results of the new technique showed that the standard deviation of measurements is about 0.1″–0.3″.
Supergroup structure of Jackiw-Teitelboim supergravity
Authors: Fan Yale , Mertens Thomas G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We develop the gauge theory formulation of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Jackiw-Teitelboim supergravity in terms of the underlying OSp(1|2, ℝ) supergroup, focusing on boundary dynamics and the exact structure of gravitational amplitudes. We prove that the BF description reduces to a super-Schwarzian quantum mechanics on the holographic boundary, where boundary-anchored Wilson lines map to bilocal operators in the super-Schwarzian theory. A classification of defects in terms of monodromies of OSp(1|2, ℝ) is carried out and interpreted in terms of character insertions in the bulk. From a mathematical perspective, we construct the principal series representations of OSp(1|2, ℝ) and show that whereas the corresponding Plancherel measure does not match the density of states of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 JT supergravity, a restriction to the positive subsemigroup OSp+(1|2, ℝ) yields the correct density of states, mirroring the analogous results for bosonic JT gravity. We illustrate these results with several gravitational applications, in particular computing the late-time complexity growth in JT supergravity.
Non-invertible symmetries of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM and twisted compactification
Authors: Kaidi Justin , Zafrir Gabi , Zheng Yunqin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-invertible symmetries have recently been understood to provide interesting constraints on RG flows of QFTs. In this work, we show how non-invertible symmetries can also be used to generate entirely new RG flows, by means of so-called non-invertible twisted compactification. We illustrate the idea in the example of twisted compactifications of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills (SYM) to three dimensions. After giving a catalogue of non-invertible symmetries descending from Montonen-Olive duality transformations of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, we show that twisted compactification by non-invertible symmetries can be used to obtain 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 theories which appear otherwise unreachable if one restricts to twists by invertible symmetries.
Development of new donepezil analogs: synthesis, biological screening and in silico study rational
Authors: Mahmoud Zeinab , Sayed Hadeer S. , Mohamed Lamia W. , Mohamed Khaled O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFifteen new benzothiophene-based compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable AChE inhibitory activity and effectively inhibited self-mediated β-amyloid protein in vitro. Compound 3g (IC50 = 72.488 ± 3.69 μM) showed a significant β-amyloid inhibitory effect exceeding that of donepezil (IC50 = 87.414 ± 4.46 μM). Furthermore, compound 3j (IC50 = 0.498 ± 0.02 μM) showed the best inhibitory activity comparable to that of donepezil (IC50 = 0.404 ± 0.03 μM). The in vivo evaluation of the promising compounds (3g and 3j) confirmed a significant memory improvement in scopolamine-induced memory impairment model in mice. The molecular docking simulation of compounds 3g and 3j in Torpedo californica-AChE (TcAChE) active site showed a good agreement with the obtained screening results. The in silico ADMET and other physicochemical parameters were also reported.
What are the long-term patient-reported and clinical outcomes after lateral clavicle fractures? A cross-sectional study of 619 patients
Authors: van der Linde Rens A. , van Helden Svenhjalmar , Woltz Sarah , El Moumni Mostafa , IJpma Frank F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Lateral clavicle fractures account for 17% of all clavicle fractures and large studies comparing nonoperative and operative treatment are lacking. Therefore, patients cannot be properly informed about different treatment options and prognosis. We assessed long-term patient-reported and clinical outcomes in patients with lateral clavicle fractures.

Methods
A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed in patients treated for lateral clavicle fractures between 2007 and 2016. Primary outcome included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (DASH, EQ-5D, return to work, sports, cosmetics and satisfaction). Questionnaires were sent to 619 eligible patients, of which 353 (57%) responded after a mean follow-up of 7.4 ± 2.8 years. Secondary outcome included adverse events and secondary interventions. Outcomes after nonoperative vs. operative treatment (stratified by nondisplaced vs. displaced fractures) were compared using Student t tests and linear regression analysis.

Results
Nondisplaced lateral clavicle fractures were treated nonoperatively and resulted in excellent PROMs. Six patients (3%) developed a nonunion. For displaced lateral clavicle fractures, no differences were found between nonoperative and operative treatment with regard to DASH score (7.8 ± 12.5 vs 5.4 ± 8.6), EQ-5D (0.91 ± 0.13 vs 0.91 ± 0.09), pain (0.9 ± 1.7 vs. 0.8 ± 1.6), patient satisfaction (90.1 ± 25.5 vs. 86.3 ± 20.4), return to work (96.4% vs. 100%) and sports (61.4% vs. 62.3%). The absolute risk of nonunion in patients with a displaced fracture was higher after nonoperative than operative treatment (20.2% vs. 2.9%; p = 0.002), with six patients needing treatment to avoid one nonunion.

Conclusions
Nondisplaced lateral clavicle fractures should be treated nonoperatively and result in good functional outcomes and high union rates. For displaced fractures, neither nonoperative nor operative treatment seems superior. Patients opting for nonoperative treatment should be informed that nonunion occurs in 20% of patients, but only half of these need additional operative treatment. Patients who opt for surgery should be told that nonunion occurs in only 3%; however, most patients (56%) will require secondary intervention for elective implant removal. Regardless of the type of treatment, no differences in functional outcome and PROMs should be expected at long-term follow-up.
How do small changes enable the shift to net-zero? a techno-environmental-economic analysis
Authors: Haddad Yousef , Pagone Emanuele , Parra Rodrigo Valdez , Pearson Nicholas , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With many of the world’s governments committing to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by mid-century, with well-defined milestones along the road, it is important to investigate how each sector can contribute towards achieving this global goal. The manufacturing sector, with its energy-intensive processes, large amounts of wastes, and hazardous and harmful emissions, is one of the main contributors to global GHG emissions, as well as other sustainability aspects, and, thus, it has great potential to contribute substantially to achieve net-zero objectives. This paper presents a techno-environmental-economic analysis of technologies that can play a key, enabling and leading role in the quest towards net-zero. Such technologies typically bring modest improvement in the environmental performance; however, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how such small changes, when implemented in an industrial setting, can contribute significantly to the collective improvement in the environmental performance. In order to put the potential improvements into perspective, a real case study from the UK aerospace manufacturing sector is conducted. In the case study, metrics measuring potential improvements from the installation of a low-to-medium waste heat recovery system, and the upgrade of electric motors in the shopfloor to more energy efficient ones, are calculated through environmental and economic models. The models are then subject to a series of sensitivity analyses experiments to help understand the impact of different sources of uncertainty on the perceived GHG emissions, and economic and energy savings. The techno-environmental-economic analysis results revealed that these small changes, when implemented in an industrial setting, can indeed bring valuable improvements in the environmental performance of a manufacturing institute. Further, the sensitivity analysis experiments demonstrated how the environmental and economic performances are not adversely affected by different levels of fluctuations in key, likely to fluctuate, input parameters.
Colorimetric determination of carbidopa in anti-Parkinson drugs based on 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldazine formation by reaction with vanillin
Authors: Lettieri Mariagrazia , Scarano Simona , Palladino Pasquale , Minunni Maria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper is reported the selective colorimetric detection and quantification of carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, in the co-presence of levodopa as dopamine precursor in pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The method is based on the selective condensation reaction between the hydrazine group from carbidopa and the formyl functional group of vanillin, a natural flavoring agent, in acidified alcoholic solution. The yellow color development (λmax ~ 420 nm) due to the formation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldazine (HMOB) was observed for carbidopa only, whereas levodopa, lacking the hydrazine group, did not color the solution, as expected. The calibration curves for two tablet formulations of levodopa in combination with carbidopa (4:1) were superimposable with levodopa/carbidopa (4:1), as well as carbidopa alone, in standard solution, i.e., the excipients and additives did not interfere with carbidopa determination, corresponding to a mean recovery about 105%. The linear dynamic range was between 5.00 and 50.0 mg L−1 with very good reproducibility within this range (CVav% about 3–4%) and very good sensitivity, with limits of quantification of about 1 mg L−1. The colorimetric method developed here is very simple, inexpensive, and effective for drug estimation and quality control of pharmaceutical formulations.
Graphical abstract
Aufarbeitung der DDR-Psychotherapie als transdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld
Authors: Gallistl A. , Kirschner H. , Paripovic G. , Rauschenbach M. , Storch M. , Strauß B. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungNach einer chronologisch-historischen Darstellung der Psychotherapie in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (DDR) im ersten Teil der Literaturübersicht fokussiert dieser Teil zunächst auf die Darstellung klinisch-fachpolitischer Perspektiven. Eine Vergangenheitsbewältigung in Bezug auf Psychotherapie fokussiert bisher auf die negativen Begleiterscheinungen, einschließlich des potenziellen politischen Missbrauchs der Psychotherapie und des Einflusses des defizitären Gesundheitssystems auf die Gesamtversorgung der Bevölkerung. Schließlich werden einige sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektiven aufgezeigt, in denen die Rolle der Ärzte in der DDR beleuchtet, wissenssoziologische Aspekte, die Frage der psychodynamischen Bewertung gesellschaftlicher Einflüsse in der Psychotherapie und das Potenzial biografischer Zugänge diskutiert werden. Nach wie vor gibt es viele offene Fragen zur Rolle der Psychotherapie in einem sozialistischen Land und zu ihrem Bezug zu anderen Aspekten des Alltagslebens in der DDR.
Impact of initialization methods on the predictive skill in NorCPM: an Arctic–Atlantic case study
Authors: Passos Leilane , Langehaug H. R. , Årthun M. , Eldevik T. , Bethke I. , Kimmritz M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe skilful prediction of climatic conditions on a forecast horizon of months to decades into the future remains a main scientific challenge of large societal benefit. Here we assess the hindcast skill of the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM) for sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Arctic–Atlantic region focusing on the impact of different initialization methods. We find the skill to be distinctly larger for the Subpolar North Atlantic than for the Norwegian Sea, and generally for all lead years analyzed. For the Subpolar North Atlantic, there is furthermore consistent benefit in increasing the amount of data assimilated, and also in updating the sea ice based on SST with strongly coupled data assimilation. The predictive skill is furthermore significant for at least two model versions up to 8–10 lead years with the exception for SSS at the longer lead years. For the Norwegian Sea, significant predictive skill is more rare; there is relatively higher skill with respect to SSS than for SST. A systematic benefit from more complex data assimilation approach can not be identified for this region. Somewhat surprisingly, skill deteriorates quite consistently for both the Subpolar North Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea when going from CMIP5 to corresponding CMIP6 versions. We find this to relate to change in the regional performance of the underlying physical model that dominates the benefit from initialization.
Prevalence of diabetic striatopathy and predictive role of glycated hemoglobin level
Authors: Ottaviani Silvia , Arecco Anna , Boschetti Mara , Ottaviani Ennio , Renzetti Paolo , Marinelli Lucio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Diabetic striatopathy is defined as a state of hyperglycemia associated with chorea/ballism, striatal hyperdensity at CT, or hyperintensity at T1-weighted MRI. It is considered a rare complication of uncontrolled diabetes but prevalence data are scarce.

Objectives
Characterize diabetic striatopathy prevalence in the population afferent to the largest teaching hospital in Genova (Liguria, Italy) and investigate the role of glycated hemoglobin level in predicting the risk.

Methods
Data were retrospectively obtained from general population undergoing blood sampling for glycated hemoglobin and resulting with HbA1c values ≥ 8%, from January 2014 to June 2017. Brain neuroimaging of those who underwent at least a brain CT or MRI was examined in search of findings compatible with diabetic striatopathy and clinical information was collected. Logistic regression was used to predict the risk of diabetic striatopathy based on age and HbA1c values.

Results
Subjects with uncontrolled diabetes were 4603. Brain neuroimaging was available in 1806 subjects and three patients with diabetic striatopathy were identified, all of them reporting choreic movements. The prevalence of hemichorea due to diabetic striatopathy was therefore 3 cases out of 1806 (0.16%) in our population. Hepatic and hypoxic encephalopathies were the conditions most frequently mimicking diabetic striatopathy. Odds ratio of diabetic striatopathy and HbA1c level was significantly correlated (p = 0.0009).

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of diabetic striatopathy in Italy. High HbA1c values may have a role in predicting diabetic striatopathy.
Future medical and non-medical costs and their impact on the cost-effectiveness of life-prolonging interventions: a comparison of five European countries
Authors: Mokri Hamraz , Kvamme Ingelin , de Vries Linda , Versteegh Matthijs , van Baal Pieter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen healthcare interventions prolong life, people consume medical and non-medical goods during the years of life they gain. It has been argued that the costs for medical consumption should be included in cost-effectiveness analyses from both a healthcare and societal perspective, and the costs for non-medical consumption should additionally be included when a societal perspective is applied. Standardized estimates of these so-called future costs are available in only a few countries and the impact of inclusion of these costs is likely to differ between countries. In this paper we present and compare future costs for five European countries and estimate the impact of including these costs on the cost-effectiveness of life-prolonging interventions. As countries differ in the availability of data, we illustrate how both individual- and aggregate-level data sources can be used to construct standardized estimates of future costs. Results show a large variation in costs between countries. The medical costs for the Netherlands, Germany, and the United Kingdom are large compared to Spain and Greece. Non-medical costs are higher in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom than in Greece. The impact of including future costs on the ICER similarly varied between countries, ranging from €1000 to €35,000 per QALY gained. The variation between countries in impact on the ICER is largest when considering medical costs and indicate differences in both structure and level of healthcare financing in these countries. Case study analyses were performed in which we highlight the large impact of including future costs on ICER relative to willingness-to-pay thresholds.
Segmentation of conifer tree crowns from terrestrial laser scanning point clouds in mixed stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce
Authors: Brunner Andreas , Houtmeyers Silke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTerrestrial laser scanning of conifer tree crowns is challenged by occlusion problems causing sparse point clouds for many trees. Automatic segmentation of conifer tree crowns from sparse point clouds is a task that has only recently been addressed and not solved in a way that all trees can be segmented automatically without assignment errors. We developed a new segmentation algorithm that is based on region growing from seeds in voxelized 3D laser point clouds. In our data, field measured tree positions and diameters were available as input data to estimate crown cores as seeds for the region growing. In other applications, these seeds can be derived from the laser point cloud. Segmentation success was judged visually in the 3D voxel clouds for 1294 tree crowns of Norway spruce and Scots pine on 24 plots in six mixed species stands. Only about half of the tree crowns had only minor or no segmentation errors allowing to fit concentric crown models. Segmentation errors were most often caused by unsegmented neighbors at the edge of the sample plots. Wrong assignments of crown parts were also more frequent in dense groups of trees and for understory trees. For some trees, point clouds were too sparse to describe the crown. Segmentation success rates were considerably higher for dominant trees in the plot center. Despite the incomplete automatic segmentation of tree crowns, metrics describing crown size and crown shape could be derived for a large number of sample trees. A description of the irregular shape of tree crowns was not possible for most trees due to the sparse point clouds in the upper crown of most trees.