bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recreating context for museum collections using digital technologies as a form of curation
Authors: Holdaway Simon J. , Emmitt Joshua , Phillipps Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While the objects retained from archaeological investigations provide some information in their own right, it is the contexts and relationships among objects that offer the greatest potential for inferring the actions of past peoples. Here we report on a series of studies that combine observations obtained from museum artefact collections, information gained from published reports, and records of artefacts observed in the field but not collected. When combined and examined with contemporary methods and technologies, these show new types of patterns considerably enhancing the interpretative potential of any one data source. Digital technologies enable the integration of diverse data sets, raising questions about the goal of archaeological curation. A century of archaeological investigation in the Fayum north shore, Egypt, focusing on the early use of domestic species provides a case study with artefact collections from multiple studies in the region dispersed in multiple museums around the world.
The Archaeology of Qatar Gallery at the National Museum of Qatar
Authors: Exell Karen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter explores how the diverse global network of actors involved in the production of the Archaeology of Qatar gallery in the newly opened National Museum of Qatar (NMoQ) has resulted in a multi-layered artistic and immersive presentation of the object-rich archaeological displays that foregrounds the production of wonder and emotion. This approach is made possible by Qatar’s global position, which allows access to acclaimed international designers, artists, and specialists, and is highly effective in engaging the diverse and predominantly non-Western audiences that comprise Qatar’s national and resident population. The archaeological narrative also emphasizes Qatar’s cosmopolitan past as a precursor of its present identity, a move towards an inclusive conception of belonging to the nation.
Transcending and expanding the walls of the museum
Authors: Pett Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses how digital technology, methods, theory, and practice could transcend the physical limitations of museum and archaeological spaces. This chapter will consider how the digital realm, including social media and multimedia, can bring to life the collections and narratives for audiences on and off site. It will not be exhaustive as the panoply of digital experiences is beyond the space and scope of this handbook. What it does highlight is how low-cost, reproducible technology could be used to enable multi-vocality, democratic co-creative tools and platforms, immersive experiences, and new ways of working which can transcend the digital divide and be available to institutions of varying levels of digital maturity. One of the major challenges in presenting such initiatives is the rate of technological change and the pace of platform attrition and churn, meaning that many of the projects presented here will be superseded.
Telling stories at the Ashmolean Museum
Authors: Collins Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Permanent galleries in museums often receive less focus and investment than temporary exhibitions but, in order to meet the needs of modern museum visitors, their displays need to be equally responsive to changing demographics and the political landscape. An opportunity to refurbish the Ashmolean Museum’s Ancient Near East gallery (renamed as the Ancient Middle East gallery) provides a test case for implementing a Museum-wide policy for enabling greater inclusion and diversity with its displays, audiences, and staff. The display of archaeological collections has historically been shaped by chronological and typological considerations. In order to make these objects more accessible to a non-specialist audience, a method of display is suggested based on contextualized object/label groupings for storytelling. This includes a focus on emotional and sensory engagement as well as decolonizing the collections. Such approaches require institutional commitment to invest in permanent displays as well as in new work procedures and improvisatory practice.
Victims or victors
Authors: Abungu George Okello 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins with a critique of the ‘universal museum’ concept, developed by European and North American museums without due consideration for other parts of the world. It places this critique in the context of colonialism in Africa, as well as ongoing antiquities looting, which enabled the extraction of material now held in these ‘universal museums’. The nature of restitution is discussed and a brief history of African calls for heritage return presented before examining the increased intensity of restitution debates that emerged in the late 2010s, with focuses upon the Sarr–Savoy Report and Benin Bronzes. The chapter emphasizes the significance of restitution for African societies as part of restorative justice. It is argued that restitution should embrace decoloniality and centre African knowledge and traditions of collections care as valid means of heritage care. Such an approach can encourage a shift in the debate from blame and denial, toward sustainable partnerships.
Finding space to store archaeological collections
Authors: Childs S. Terry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The United States has been in a serious ‘crisis’ regarding the storage and curation of archaeological collections since the 1970s when a number of federal, state, and tribal laws and regulations were issued to protect archaeological resources. As collections accumulated, repositories to curate and store them usually lacked space, trained staff, necessary funding, security, and research access. This chapter outlines the development of the curation crisis and its challenges, including costs, repository closures, ownership, orphan collections, creation and management of digital associated records, professional curation standards, and attitudes. The last section discusses the progress made to overcome these challenges through improved awareness, more use of collections, and cooperation among many stakeholders who have worked to create sustainable management practices.
Relational Approaches to the Study of Political Participation
Authors: Diani Mario 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abstract: Relational mechanisms play different roles in accounts of political processes. This chapter illustrates three of them. First, it shows how data on networks and participation may be incorporated as additional variables into standard, variable-based analyses of political behavior. Then it illustrates how the social networks in which individual agents are embedded combine to affect patterns of collective action in larger fields and arenas, thus affecting not only individual behavior but also coalitions and inter-organizational networks. Finally, it summarizes approaches which emphasize how actors themselves are constituted through relational processes, somehow overcoming the distinction between actors and networks.
Survey Data and Methods for the Study of Political Participation
Authors: Anduiza Eva , Tormos Raül 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews some key aspects of the analysis of political participation using surveys. The first section focuses on the challenges related to conceptualization and measurement. The standardization pursued by survey methods is challenged by the changing reality of political participation, which is permanently redefining its conceptual boundaries and including new repertoires. Measurement needs to balance different objectives: tapping on detailed and updated repertoires of action, reducing potential sources of bias such as social desirability or recall error, and maximizing the possibilities for comparison both across space and along time. A second section presents alternative research designs including cross-sectional surveys, panel surveys, surveys to specific groups (including minorities and protesters) and recent innovative research designs. Their potential contributions and limitations in terms of description, generalization, and the identification of causal relations are examined. A final section discusses some of the pending matters for future research.
Visual Analysis and the Study of Political Participation
Authors: Milman Noa , Doerr Nicole 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studying visual types of data, including physical, representational, and public visibility elements of political participation, we analyze recent case studies of Black Lives Matter protest worldwide and immigration activism in Europe. Our empirical examples cover the visual dynamics of political participation across a wide array of political events. We include historic and contemporary “visibility” acts of citizenship in which minorities, migrants, and people struggling for civic rights perform visual gestures of protest, including kneeling, toppling of statues, or fist-raising as symbols of resistance. We discuss the theory and methods of multimodal visual analysis, and argue that visual analysis offers researchers in social movements and political participation, as well as media scholars and discourse analysts, a unique and rich angle for analysis.
Linking Electoral and Partisan Participation
Authors: Franklin Mark N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores a mechanism at the party level of analysis that ties party choice at the individual level to election-level turnout rates. It employs survey and election data from 14 countries over 20-50 years. It builds on past findings that used error correction models to confirm the role of negative feedback in maintaining an equilibrium rate of support. On that foundation it proposes a parallel mechanism that helps to maintain an equilibrium rate of turnout, through voter reactions to evolving rates of electoral competition. It finds that party-level competitive processes are complemented by an individual-level evolutions of partisanship differences. The chapter treats voter turnout, policy congruence, and party support as aspects of a single dynamic process at the party level of aggregation and investigates the individual-level and election-level concomitants of this process, also validating the dynamic account of turnout processes suggested in earlier work.
Intersectionality and Political Participation
Authors: Slaughter Christine M. , Brown Nadia E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intersectionality situates the nexus of multiple marginalized identities, and this chapter argues its importance to the study of political participation. Intersectionality lessens the extent that differences are essentialized across groups, by examining the intersection of relevant identities. Grounded in Black feminist theory, this chapter examines how gender, race, ethnicity, and class influence women of color’s participation compared to their male counterparts. The chapter demonstrated how political participation research must consider how multiple identities—not just in isolation, but constitutive, and proximity to institutional access and power among women shape their engagement in the political process. Examining political participation and social movements must be historically and contextually informed by the group’s unique characteristics and the conclusions one seeks to draw about their engagement in the political process. Incorporating and intersectional framework is best suited to capture the distinctiveness in political participation of marginalized groups.
The Effectiveness of Different Forms of Political Participation
Authors: Oser Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In an era marked by concerns about democratic legitimacy, the question of whether citizens’ political actions are effective in achieving intended outcomes is of utmost importance. Although a core idea in democratic theory is that democratic governance should be responsive to the will of the people, most empirical research on this topic has focused on the opinion–representation connection, with less focus on the participation–representation connection. This chapter reviews three key areas of research that inform this topic, namely the categorizations used to distinguish between different forms of participation, including institutionalized and non-institutionalized participation; recent empirical studies that investigate the participation–representation connection; and the main attitudinal measure related to effectiveness of political efficacy. The concluding section includes a brief analysis of cross-national data on these topics from the European Social Survey, with a focus on providing insights into the challenges and opportunities for advancing future research.
Changing Media Landscapes and Political Participation
Authors: Santos Marcelo , Valenzuela Sebastián 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses how a constantly changing media landscape affects political participation. After pointing out the affordances brought forward by digital media and communication technologies, six game changers are identified in the realms of media consumption, production and circulation: information overload, changing audiences’ media use habits, crisis of news media business, the shift from audiences to content creators, the emergence of new agents of information sharing and user cues. The chapter then discusses how and to what extent such game changers influence the different dimensions of political activity, from electoral to protest participation and then discusses the public role of private platforms. The final section concludes the chapter by highlighting the importance of critically assessing changes in media communication when examining political participation. Specifically, a call is made for adopting an innovative, dynamic attitude towards digital media research, while maintaining the focus on political deliberation.
Political Inequality and the Democratic Process
Authors: Dalton Russell J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A foundation of democracy is the equal participation of its citizens in the political process. Equal voice is a prerequisite of equal democratic influence. This chapter argues that two trends are increasing the social status biases in political voice across most established democracies—and discusses the implications of this trend. The general decrease in voting turnout is occurring disproportionately among the less educated and lower social classes. At the same time, increased participation in direct or contentious forms of political action is disproportionately occurring among upper social status groups. Both forces are widening the social status gap in political participation, which diminishes the representation of the unheard citizens, distorts policy outcomes, and feeds political alienation. The chapter closes by discussing ways that democracies can address this topic.
Comparing Mass Political Participation in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Norris Pippa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The structure of opportunities for citizen activism in democratic or autocratic regime diverge sharply, such as in freedom of expression, association, and assembly. These contextual differences can be expected to have major consequences for the risks and rewards of becoming politically engaged—and the incentives driving this process. Survey data is derived from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey/European Values Survey (WVS/EVS), with fieldwork conducted from 2017 to 2020, covering 75 diverse countries. Participation is measured by 18 survey items which are collapsed into standardized composite. Nation-states are clustered into four types of regimes—liberal democracies, electoral democracies, electoral autocracies, and absolute autocracies, based on the Varieties of Democracy classification. Overall reported levels of mass participation are confirmed to be significantly lower in autocracies, as expected, especially protest activism in more repressive states.
Political Psychology and Political Participation
Authors: Renström Emma A. , Bäck Hanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes and integrates different psychological perspectives on the topic of political participation. Political participation is broadly defined, ranging from peaceful actions to violence, and includes both online and offline processes. After an introduction of the field of political psychology, the chapter discusses the role of social identity and social influence in political participation. The chapter also examines how personality features influence political participation, with a particular focus on a broadening of the theories dominant in the field by including personality features relating to belongingness needs in research on participation. In addition, the role of emotions in political participation is discussed, focusing specifically on how anger, fear, and anxiety influence political behavior. The chapter concludes by discussing the benefit of integrating different psychological perspectives and broadening the constructs currently often used in political psychological research on participation, and provides suggestions for future research.
Othering and otherness in CAT
Authors: Emilion Jessie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Racism and ‘othering’ are reciprocal relational concepts. This chapter discusses race and racism both within the current and the historical context, highlighting the presence of a ‘racial self’ in us. It draws widely on the vast literature in the subject area, placing the discussion firmly within a relational cognitive analytic framework. Sharing professional expertise, the author highlights the fact that racial dialogues and procedures are much more than skin deep. They are structurally and politically rooted in unconscious bias. Experiential exercises in the chapter highlight and decode the usual arguments around the subject matter, offering a deeper perspective and a different hypothesis in understanding race and racism. It discusses the need for racialization and the underpinning power base in society. The main theme of this chapter and the key points indicate that racism is a psychosocial, political, historical, relational phenomenon and addressing just one part of the procedure does not resolve the challenges. Because racial identity goes through stages of development, one cannot achieve integrative awareness and psychological maturity without the compassionate acceptance of self and other identities. This is a timely and much needed insight in the current societal context.
Using CAT to understand and work with complex trauma
Authors: Wilson Claire 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the application of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) in working with asylum seeker and refugees, considering both the utility (and limitations) within an individual psychotherapy approach, and to aid reflection on broader political and societal issues impacting this client group. Specific challenges are discussed including working with interpreters and providing therapeutic work within a context of ongoing trauma, loss, and uncertainty. This chapter considers the potential of CAT or CAT informed work to both discuss and formulate these issues within the therapy setting, and how the use of CAT concepts can guide and facilitate consideration of these multiple facets of the client’s experience. Relevant concepts explored include: the theory of the socially developed self; issues around culture, social inequality and power; and the capacity of using CAT to understand the individual’s unique constructions and expressions of emotional distress and the multiple influences on this.
Relational supervision in CAT
Authors: Stevens Yvonne J. , Dudley Jay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter we seek to describe aspects of cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) supervision that we have found useful in our practice as supervisors. We offer an account of the key aspects of the integrated theoretical models that contribute to the practice of CAT supervision and training of CAT supervisors. We consider the importance of a relational and dialogic application of this theory to practice in the supervisory space. We define the over-arching principles of governance and risk-management; the maintenance of ethical practice through supervision; and ensuring that inclusivity, equality, and diversity are embedded within all aspects of supervision. We will review the expectations of the skills, knowledge, and experience required of CAT supervisors and how a competency framework for supervision has been developed to support this aim. We will describe the process of training to be accredited as a CAT supervisor.
Reformulation
Authors: Jenaway Alison 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The process of reformulation in cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is described as a collaborative exercise, between therapist and client, ending with a written narrative description and a visually distinctive diagram. The focus is on finding a shared language and a way to explore difficulties while keeping sight of strengths and achievements. The chapter discusses the innovations in writing reformulation letters, such as inviting clients to write back or writing the letter together. It also describes creative homework tasks, in addition to the typical psychotherapy file, genogram, and timeline, which aid self-reflection and self compassion. An example reformulation letter is provided with annotations to show the core contents. It explains co-creation of diagrams in CAT and suggests the use of templates for drawing diagrams, particularly for trainees. Potential negative aspects of reformulation are referenced, as well as ways to reduce the likelihood of harm.
Financing vaccine equity: funding for day-zero of the next pandemic
Authors: Agarwal Ruchir , Reed Tristan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A lack of timely financing for purchases of vaccines and other health products impeded the global response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on analysis of contract signature and delivery dates in Covid-19 vaccine advance purchase agreements, this paper finds that 60–75 per cent of the delay in vaccine deliveries to low- and middle-income countries is attributable to their signing purchase agreements later than high-income countries, which placed them further behind in the delivery line. A pandemic Advance Commitment Facility with access to a credit line on day-zero of the next pandemic could allow low- and middle-income countries to secure orders earlier, ensuring a much faster and equitable global response than during Covid-19. The paper outlines four options for a financier to absorb some or all of the risk associated with the credit line and discusses how the credit would complement other proposals to strengthen the financing architecture for pandemic preparedness, prevention, and response.