bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐peptide determination in the diagnosis of type of diabetes and its management: A clinical perspective
Authors: Maddaloni Ernesto , Bolli Geremia B. , Frier Brian M. , Little Randie R. , Leslie Richard D. , Pozzilli Paolo , Buzzetti Raffaela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImpaired beta‐cell function is a recognized cornerstone of diabetes pathophysiology. Estimates of insulin secretory capacity are useful to inform clinical practice, helping to classify types of diabetes, complication risk stratification and to guide treatment decisions. Because C‐peptide secretion mirrors beta‐cell function, it has emerged as a valuable clinical biomarker, mainly in autoimmune diabetes and especially in adult‐onset diabetes. Nonetheless, the lack of robust evidence about the clinical utility of C‐peptide measurement in type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance is a major confounder, limits its use in such cases. Furthermore, problems remain in the standardization of the assay for C‐peptide, raising concerns about comparability of measurements between different laboratories. To approach the heterogeneity and complexity of diabetes, reliable, simple and inexpensive clinical markers are required that can inform clinicians about probable pathophysiology and disease progression, and so enable personalization of management and therapy. This review summarizes the current evidence base about the potential value of C‐peptide in the management of the two most prevalent forms of diabetes (type 2 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes) to address how its measurement may assist daily clinical practice and to highlight current limitations and areas of uncertainties to be covered by future research.
Acute effects on glucose tolerance by neprilysin inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J. , Møller Andreas , Martinussen Christoffer , Gluud Lise L. , Rashu Elias B. , Richter Michael M. , Plomgaard Peter , Goetze Jens P. , Kjeldsen Sasha , Hansen Lasse Holst , Gustafsson Finn , Deacon Carolyn F. , Holst Jens J. , Madsbad Sten , Bojsen‐Møller Kirstine N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsSacubitril/valsartan is a neprilysin‐inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker used for the treatment of heart failure. Recently, a post‐hoc analysis of a 3‐year randomized controlled trial showed improved glycaemic control with sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes. We previously reported that sacubitril/valsartan combined with a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor increases active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) in healthy individuals. We now hypothesized that administration of sacubitril/valsartan with or without a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor would lower postprandial glucose concentrations (primary outcome) in patients with type 2 diabetes via increased active GLP‐1.MethodsWe performed a crossover trial in 12 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. A mixed meal was ingested following five respective interventions: (a) a single dose of sacubitril/valsartan; (b) sitagliptin; (c) sacubitril/valsartan + sitagliptin; (d) control (no treatment); and (e) valsartan alone. Glucose, gut and pancreatic hormone responses were measured.ResultsPostprandial plasma glucose increased by 57% (incremental area under the curve 0‐240 min) (p = .0003) and increased peak plasma glucose by 1.7 mM (95% CI: 0.6‐2.9) (p = .003) after sacubitril/valsartan compared with control, whereas postprandial glucose levels did not change significantly after sacubitril/valsartan + sitagliptin. Glucagon, GLP‐1 and C‐peptide concentrations increased after sacubitril/valsartan, but insulin and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide did not change.ConclusionsThe glucose‐lowering effects of long‐term sacubitril/valsartan treatment reported in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes may not depend on changes in entero‐pancreatic hormones. Neprilysin inhibition results in hyperglucagonaemia and this may explain the worsen glucose tolerance observed in this study.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03893526).
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine has direct effects on beta cells, promoting insulin secretion and increasing beta‐cell mass
Authors: Liu Bo , Ruz‐Maldonado Inmaculada , Toczyska Klaudia , Olaniru Oladapo E. , Zariwala Mohammed Gulrez , Hopkins David , Zhao Min , Persaud Shanta J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether therapeutically relevant concentrations of fluoxetine, which have been shown to reduce plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin independent of changes in food intake and body weight, regulate beta‐cell function and improve glucose homeostasis.MethodsCell viability, insulin secretion, beta‐cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed after exposure of MIN6 beta cells or isolated mouse and human islets to 0.1, 1 or 10 μmol/L fluoxetine. The effect of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg body weight) administration on glucose homeostasis and islet function was also examined in ob/ob mice.ResultsExposure of MIN6 cells and mouse islets to 0.1 and 1 μmol/L fluoxetine for 72 hours did not compromise cell viability but 10 μmol/L fluoxetine significantly increased Trypan blue uptake. The dose of 1 μmol/L fluoxetine significantly increased beta‐cell proliferation and protected islet cells from cytokine‐induced apoptosis. In addition, 1 μmol/L fluoxetine induced rapid and reversible potentiation of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion from islets isolated from mice, and from lean and obese human donors. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of fluoxetine to ob/ob mice over 14 days improved glucose tolerance and resulted in significant increases in beta‐cell proliferation and enhanced insulin secretory capacity.ConclusionsThese data are consistent with a role for fluoxetine in regulating glucose homeostasis through direct effects on beta cells. Fluoxetine thus demonstrates promise as a preferential antidepressant for patients with concomitant occurrence of depression and diabetes.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 effect on β‐cell function varies according to diabetes remission status after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Shah Ankit , Prasad Malini , Mark Victoria , Holst Jens Juul , Laferrère Blandine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe contribution of endogenous glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 to β‐cell function after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is well established in normoglycaemic individuals, but not in those with postoperative hyperglycaemia. We, therefore, studied the effect of GLP‐1 on β‐cell function in individuals with varying degrees of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) control after RYGB.Materials and MethodsGlucose, insulin secretion rates, β‐cell glucose sensitivity and glucagon were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test before (saline only) and at 3, 12 and 24 months after RYGB with and without infusion of the GLP‐1 receptor blocker exendin9−39 (EX9). The cohort was retrospectively classified based on T2D remission (REM) status at the latest study time point: REM (n = 5), persistent T2D (n = 8), or impaired glucose tolerance (n = 16).ResultsEX9 blunted the increase in β‐cell glucose sensitivity at 3 months (−44.1%, p < .001) and 12 months (−43.3%, p < .001), but not at 24 months (−12.4%, p = .243). EX9 enhanced postprandial glucagon concentrations by 62.0% at 3 months (p = .008), 46.5% at 12 months (p = .055), and 30.4% at 24 months (p = .017). EX9 counterintuitively decreased glucose concentrations at 3 months in the entire cohort (p < .001) but had no effect on glycaemia at 12 and 24 months in persistent T2D and impaired glucose tolerance; it minimally worsened glycaemia in REM at 12 months.ConclusionsGLP‐1 blockade reversed the improvement in β‐cell function observed after RYGB, but this effect varied temporally and by REM status. GLP‐1 blockade transiently and minimally worsened glycaemia only in REM, and lowered postprandial glucose values at 3 months, regardless of REM status.
Hospital costs associated with adverse events in people with diabetes in the UK
Authors: Keng Mi Jun , Leal Jose , Bowman Louise , Armitage Jane , Mihaylova Borislava ,   ASCEND Study Collaborative Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo estimate the annual hospital costs associated with a range of adverse events for people with diabetes in the UK.MethodsAnnual hospital costs (2019/2020) were derived from 15 436 ASCEND participants from 2005 to 2017 (120 420 person‐years). The annual hospital costs associated with cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, transient ischaemic attack [TIA], ischaemic stroke, heart failure), bleeding (gastrointestinal [GI] bleed, intracranial haemorrhage, other major bleed), cancer (GI tract cancer, non‐GI tract cancer), end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), lower limb amputation and death (vascular, non‐vascular) were estimated using a generalized linear model following adjustment for participants' sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsIn the year of event, ESRD was associated with the largest increase in annual hospital cost (£20 954), followed by lower limb amputation (£17 887), intracranial haemorrhage (£12 080), GI tract cancer (£10 160), coronary revascularization (£8531 if urgent; £8302 if non‐urgent), heart failure (£8319), non‐GI tract cancer (£7409), ischaemic stroke (£7170), GI bleed (£5557), myocardial infarction (£4913), other major bleed (£3825) and TIA (£1523). In subsequent years, most adverse events were associated with lasting but smaller increases in hospital costs, except for ESRD, where the additional cost remained high (£20 090).ConclusionsOur study provides robust estimates of annual hospital costs associated with a range of adverse events in people with diabetes that can inform future cost‐effectiveness analyses of diabetes interventions. It also highlights the potential cost savings that could be derived from prevention of these costly complications.
National roll‐out of early intervention for eating disorders: Process and clinical outcomes from first episode rapid early intervention for eating disorders
Authors: Richards Katie L. , Hyam Lucy , Allen Karina L. , Glennon Danielle , Di Clemente Giulia , Semple Amy , Jackson Aileen , Belli Stefano R. , Dodge Elizabeth , Kilonzo Charmaine , Holland Leah , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimFirst Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is an early intervention model for young people with recent‐onset eating disorders (ED). Promising results from a previous single‐centre study and a four‐centre study (FREED‐Up) have led to the rapid national scaling of FREED to ED services in England (FREED‐4‐All). Our aim was to evaluate duration of an untreated ED (DUED), wait time target adherence, and clinical outcomes in FREED‐4‐All and compare these to the (benchmark) findings of the earlier FREED‐Up study.MethodFREED services submit de‐identified data to the central FREED team quarterly. The current study covers the period between September 2018 and September 2021. This FREED‐4‐All dataset includes 2473 patients. These were compared to 278 patients from the FREED‐Up study.ResultsDUED was substantially shorter in the FREED‐4‐All dataset relative to the FREED‐Up study (15 vs. 18 months). Adherence to the wait time targets was comparable in both cohorts (~85% of engagement calls attempted in <2 days, ~50%–60% of assessments offered in <14 days, ~40% of treatment offered in <28 days). Patients in the FREED‐4‐All dataset experienced significant improvements in ED and general psychological symptoms from pre‐ to post‐treatment that were comparable to the FREED‐Up study. These findings should be interpreted cautiously as only 6% of FREED‐4‐All patients had post‐treatment data.ConclusionsData from the FREED‐4‐All evaluation suggest that FREED is replicating at scale. However, these data are flawed, uncertain, proximate, and sparse and should therefore be used carefully alongside other evidence and clinical experience to inform decision making.
The potential built‐in supply effect from margin trading in the Chinese stock market
Authors: Li Yanxi , Choy Siu Kai , Wang Mingzhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUtilizing a unique daily data set, we examine how the covering of margin positions affects earnings announcement returns in the Chinese stock market dominated by retail traders. Unlike previous research on forced covering during price crashes, we propose that margin interest acts as a built‐in supply and find that intensive covering of margin positions pushes down stock prices during earnings announcements of extreme good news. The release of built‐in supply leads to stronger post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) after good news compared with that after bad news, consistent with investors’ tendency to realize profits after a gain under the disposition effect.
Migraine with aura associates with a higher artificial intelligence: ECG atrial fibrillation prediction model output compared to migraine without aura in both women and men
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun , Chhabra Nikita , Chao Chieh‐Ju , Wang Han , Zhang Nan , Lim Elisabeth , Baez‐Suarez Abraham , Attia Zachi I. , Schwedt Todd J. , Dodick David W. , Cutrer Fred M. , Friedman Paul A. , Noseworthy Peter A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the artificial intelligence‐enabled electrocardiogram (AI‐ECG) atrial fibrillation (AF) prediction model output in patients with migraine with aura (MwA) and migraine without aura (MwoA).BackgroundMwA is associated with an approximately twofold risk of ischemic stroke. Longitudinal cohort studies showed that patients with MwA have a higher incidence of developing AF compared to those with MwoA. The Mayo Clinic Cardiology team developed an AI‐ECG algorithm that calculates the probability of concurrent paroxysmal or impending AF in ECGs with normal sinus rhythm (NSR).MethodsAdult patients with an MwA or MwoA diagnosis and at least one NSR ECG within the past 20 years at Mayo Clinic were identified. Patients with an ECG‐confirmed diagnosis of AF were excluded. For each patient, the ECG with the highest AF prediction model output was used as the index ECG. Comparisons between MwA and MwoA were conducted in the overall group (including men and women of all ages), women only, and men only in each age range (18 to <35, 35 to <55, 55 to <75, ≥75 years), and adjusted for age, sex, and six common vascular comorbidities that increase risk for AF.ResultsThe final analysis of our cross‐sectional study included 40,002 patients (17,840 with MwA, 22,162 with MwoA). The mean (SD) age at the index ECG was 48.2 (16.0) years for MwA and 45.9 (15.0) years for MwoA (p < 0.001). The AF prediction model output was significantly higher in the MwA group compared to MwoA (mean [SD] 7.3% [15.0%] vs. 5.6% [12.4%], mean difference [95% CI] 1.7% [1.5%, 2.0%], p < 0.001). After adjusting for vascular comorbidities, the difference between MwA and MwoA remained significant in the overall group (least square means of difference [95% CI] 0.7% [0.4%, 0.9%], p < 0.001), 18 to <35 (0.4% [0.1%, 0.7%], p = 0.022), and 35 to <55 (0.5% [0.2%, 0.8%], p < 0.001), women of all ages (0.6% [0.3%, 0.8%], p < 0.001), men of all ages (1.0% [0.4%, 1.6%], p = 0.002), women 35 to <55 (0.6% [0.3%, 0.9%], p < 0.001), and men 18 to <35 (1.2% [0.3%, 2.1%], p = 0.008).ConclusionsUtilizing a novel AI‐ECG algorithm on a large group of patients, we demonstrated that patients with MwA have a significantly higher AF prediction model output, implying a higher probability of concurrent paroxysmal or impending AF, compared to MwoA in both women and men. Our results suggest that MwA is an independent risk factor for AF, especially in patients <55 years old, and that AF‐mediated cardioembolism may play a role in the migraine–stroke association for some patients.
Influences ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection on diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of human gastric microbiomes across stages of gastric cancer development
Authors: Xiao Wanmeng , Ma Zhanshan ( Sam) 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbout a half of the world's population is infected withHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori), but only 1%–3% of them develop gastric cancer. As a primary risk factor for gastric cancer, the relationship betweenH. pyloriinfection and gastric microbiome has been a focus in recent years.Materials and methodsWe reanalyze 11 human gastric microbiome datasets with or withoutH. pylori, covering the healthy control (HC) and four disease stages (chronic gastritis (CG), atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer (GC)) of gastric cancer development to quantitatively compare the influences of theH. pyloriinfection and disease stages on the diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of gastric microbiome. Four medical ecology approaches including (i) diversity analysis with Hill numbers, (ii) heterogeneity analysis with Taylor's power law extensions (TPLE), (iii) diversity scaling analysis with diversity–area relationship (DAR) model, and (iv) shared species analysis were applied to fulfill the data reanalysis.Results(i) The influences ofH. pyloriinfection on the species diversity, spatial heterogeneity, and potential diversity of gastric microbiome seem to be more prevalent than the influences of disease stages during gastric cancer development. (ii) The influences ofH. pyloriinfection on diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of gastric microbiomes in HC, CG, IM, and GC stages appear more prevalent than those in AG stage.ConclusionOur study confirmed the impact ofH. pyloriinfection on human gastric microbiomes: The influences ofH. pyloriinfection on the diversity, heterogeneity, and composition of gastric microbiomes appear to be disease‐stage dependent.
Transnational social protection infrastructures: African migrants in Mexico
Authors: Serra Mingot Ester , Gonález Zepeda Carlos Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the past years, increasingly restrictive migration policies have pushed many migrants to seek new and more risky migration routes. Many studies have investigated aspects of social protection for migrants from the Global South in industrialized countries of the Global North, with powerful welfare states. Yet, such focus has failed to understand the complexities during the migration process, where people often spend uncertain periods of time in transit countries and the state is frequently absent. In these contexts, social protection is predominantly provided by the third sector (TS) and informal networks both nationally and transnationally. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with African migrants and TS organizations in Mexico, this paper explores the different and often semi‐formal relationships between the TS, the state, and the migrants that result in complex transnational social protection infrastructures to cover the migrants' basic social protection needs.
Proxy‐report in individuals with intellectual disability: A scoping review
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Donelan Karen , Constantine Melissa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundViews can be collected from individuals (self‐report) or others on their behalf (proxy‐report).ObjectiveWe aimed to review the literature on methods and statistical approaches used to evaluate observer versus self‐report responses from individuals with intellectual disability or Down syndrome.MethodsA series of key questions related to statistical approaches and data collection methods were formulated a priori to inform the search strategy and review process. These addressed the topics of self‐report in individuals with intellectual disability, including Down syndrome. Using the National Library of Medicine database, PubMed, detailed literature searches were performed. The quality of available evidence was then evaluated, the existing literature was summarised, and knowledge gaps and research needs were identified.ResultsFifty relevant original articles were identified which addressed at least one key question. Study details, including: research design, internal validity, external validity, and relevant results are presented. Review of studies of individuals with intellectual disability which used a variety of statistical approaches showed mixed agreement between self‐report and proxy‐report.ConclusionFew studies identified to‐date have used self‐report from individuals with Down syndrome, but lessons from the existing intellectual disability literature can guide researchers to incorporate self‐report from individuals with Down syndrome in the future.
Outgroup exclusion, identity, and collective action in the Brexit context
Authors: Knapton Holly , Renström Emma A. , Bäck Hanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper explored how the source of exclusion (ingroup/outgroup) influences ingroup identification and political engagement. It is well documented that social exclusion has a negative impact on individuals' well‐being, but less is known how it affects identification with the ingroup, and subsequent behavior. In two studies, one survey (N = 193) and one experiment (N = 384), we explore how exclusion in the context of Brexit impacts identification with the EU and Remain cause and in turn engagement with a pro‐EU group. Participants sympathetic to the Remain‐side were recruited and findings suggest that exclusion from the outgroup (Leave‐sympathizers) increases ingroup identity measures and engagement with a Pro‐EU group. Mediation analysis revealed that increased ingroup identity mediated engagement with the ingroup.
Information sharing between mutual funds and auditors
Authors: Hope Ole‐Kristian , Rao Pingui , Xu Yanping , Yue Heng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines whether there is information sharing between mutual funds and their auditors about the auditors’ other listed firm clients. Using data from the Chinese market, we find that mutual funds earn higher profits from trading in firms that share the same auditors. The effects are more pronounced when firms have a more opaque information environment and when the audit partners for the fund and the partners for the listed firm share school ties. The evidence is consistent with information flowing from auditors to mutual funds, providing mutual funds with an information advantage in firms that share the same auditors. Our findings are robust to the use of audit‐firm mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as exogenous shocks and several other robustness checks. We further find that auditors benefit by charging higher audit fees for mutual fund clients and by improving their audit quality for listed firm clients. Our study provides evidence of bi‐directional information sharing between two important market intermediaries.
LncRNA SNHG1 promotes sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting Bcl‐2 expression via DNMT1
Authors: Zhang Rui , Niu Zequn , Liu Jie , Dang Xiaoyan , Feng Hui , Sun Jiangli , Pan Longfei , Peng Zhuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMyocardial injury is a frequently occurring complication of sepsis. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1)‐mediated DNA methyltransferase 1/B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (DNMT1/Bcl‐2) axis in sepsis‐induced myocardial injury. Mice and HL‐1 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish animal and cellular models simulating sepsis and inflammation. LncRNA SNHG1 was screened out as a differentially expressed lncRNA in sepsis samples through microarray profiling, and the upregulated expression of lncRNA SNHG1 was confirmed in myocardial tissues of LPS‐induced septic mice and HL‐1 cells. Further experiments suggested that silencing of lncRNA SNHG1 reduced the inflammation and apoptotic rate of LPS‐induced HL‐1 cells. LncRNA SNHG1 inhibited Bcl‐2 expression by recruiting DNMT1 to Bcl‐2 promoter region to cause methylation. Inhibition of Bcl‐2 promoter methylation reduced the inflammation and apoptotic rate of LPS‐induced HL‐1 cells. In vivo experiments substantiated that lncRNA SNHG1 silencing alleviated sepsis‐induced myocardial injury in mice. Taken together, lncRNA SNHG1 promotes LPS‐induced myocardial injury in septic mice by downregulating Bcl‐2 through DNMT1‐mediated Bcl‐2 methylation.