bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early manifestations of genetic liability for ADHD, autism and schizophrenia at ages 18 and 24 months
Authors: Riglin Lucy , Tobarra‐Sanchez Esther , Stergiakouli Evie , Havdahl Alexandra , Tilling Kate , O’Donovan Michael , Nigg Joel , Langley Kate , Thapar Anita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundADHD and autism are neurodevelopmental conditions, for which non‐specific precursors or early signs include difficulties with language and motor skills, and differences in temperament in the first and second year of life. These early features have also been linked to later diagnosis of schizophrenia which is widely considered to have neurodevelopmental origins. Given that ADHD, autism and schizophrenia are all highly heritable, we tested the hypothesis that in the general population, measures of toddler language development, motor development and temperament are associated with genetic liability to ADHD, autism and/or schizophrenia.MethodsData were analysed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) which included motor development scores at age 18 months and language development and temperament scores at age 24 months (N = 7498). Genetic liability was indexed by polygenic risk scores (PGS) for ADHD, autism and schizophrenia.ResultsADHD PGS were associated with specific temperament scales (higher activity β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.09 and lower withdrawal β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.07, −0.02) as well as better gross motor scores (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.06). Schizophrenia PGS were associated with one specific temperament scale (negative mood β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.07). We did not find strong evidence of association of autism PGS with any of the toddler measures; there was also not strong evidence of association with motor or language delays for any of the PGS.ConclusionsThis study suggests that some specific aspects of early temperament and gross motor differences in the general population could represent part of the early manifestation of genetic liability to neurodevelopmental conditions.
Barriers to disability‐inclusive employment in Uzbekistan: A pilot qualitative study of disabled people's lived experiences
Authors: Yusupov Dilmurad , Abdukhalilov Abdulla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the recent advances in the field of protection of the rights of disabled people in Uzbekistan, their right to work and be protected from unemployment is not fully implemented. The reported levels of disability employment remain significantly low. The findings of this pilot qualitative study reveal that the current institutional framework which takes its roots in the Soviet disability policies coupled with environmental and attitudinal barriers is restricting disabled people's right to work. Based on the lived experiences of disabled people in Tashkent city and the Tashkent region this study calls for the removal of all the barriers.
Nanoparticles and essential oils with antiviral activity on packaging and surfaces: An overview of their selection and application
Authors: Marquez Ronald , Zwilling Jacob , Zambrano Franklin , Tolosa Laura , Marquez Maria E. , Venditti Richard , Jameel Hasan , Gonzalez Ronalds 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUntil recently, food packaging has been used as a barrier to unfavorable environmental and microbial conditions, but new technologies are arising aimed at upgrading the protective nature of these materials. Cases of bacterial and viral transmission through food and surfaces have shown the vulnerabilities of the food packaging distribution systems over the years, creating awareness about new methods to prevent the proliferation of pathogens. This has been highlighted by safety concerns due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This work reviews the state‐of‐the‐art biobased technologies tailored for antiviral applications on surfaces, focusing on packaging materials. A survey and selection tool of essential oils (EOs) and nanoparticles that have been proven effective in reducing the proliferation or transmission of viruses through surfaces is presented. Additionally, the use of essential oil formulations or nanoparticle‐functionalized biobased materials that can be deployed to prevent virus transmission through food produce and surfaces is reviewed, including environmental and safety concerns around the use of metal nanoparticles and EOs in packaging materials. Finally, an assessment of the available technologies, challenges, opportunities and the potential role of biobased antiviral surfaces in future viral outbreaks is presented.
Intermittent dilution of dietary digestible lysine lowers the incidence of white striping by suppressing the growth, lipid synthesis, and muscle damage in broiler chickens
Authors: Ahsan Umair , İpek Emrah , Özdemir Özge Sayın , Aydın Aybala Kübra , Raza Ifrah , Çalık Ali , Kuter Eren , Özsoy Şule Yurdagül , Cengiz Özcan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhite striping (WS) is a myopathy of breast muscle (Pectoralis major) that affects the quality and consumer acceptance of breast fillets of broiler chickens. Previous studies have shown that intermittent dilution of dietary nutrients suppresses the development of WS on the breast muscle of broiler chickens. However, the mechanism by which these interventions reduce the occurrence of WS remains inconclusive. In this study, we adopted intermittent reduction of dietary digestible lysine (dLys) density or metabolizable energy (ME) and amino acid (AA) density using chemical and fatty acid composition of breast fillets, and blood metabolites to understand the mechanism while histopathology and immunohistochemistry of breast muscles were used for confirmation.RESULTSOccurrence of WS was lower in broiler chickens fed 85% dLys diets in comparison with other groups. Crude protein and ether extract in breast meat of 85% dLys groups were greater (P < 0.001) and lower (P = 0.010), respectively. Serum concentrations of lipid metabolites and enzymes were lower in broiler chickens fed 85% dLys diets than control group (P < 0.05). Feeding 85% dLys diets had low degree of myodegeneration and necrosis, inflammation, lipid deposition, infiltration of T‐lymphocyte (CD3+) and macrophages (Iba‐1+), and low expression of heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) than other groups (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONDilution of dietary dLys to 85% of the required quantities reduces the development of WS in broiler chickens by slowing the growth, lipid synthesis, and muscle damage confirmed by lower extent of histopathological lesions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The spectrum of fibrosing alopecias
Authors: Orlando Gloria , Piraccini Bianca M. , Starace Michela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLichen planopilaris (LPP) is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia considered the most common cause of scarring hair loss in adults. It has been classified into three clinical variants: classical LPP, frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) and Graham Little‐Piccardi‐Lassueur syndrome. Classical LPP usually presents as a circumscribed cicatricial patch on the vertex and FFA as a band‐like scarring alopecia of the frontotemporal hairline. Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) and lichen planopilaris diffuse pattern (LPPDP) are two recently described subtypes of LPP that exhibit a diffuse involvement of the androgen‐dependent region or the whole scalp, respectively. Classical LPP, FFA, FAPD and LPPDP share trichoscopic (cicatricial areas, absence of follicular openings, perifollicular erythema and hyperkeratosis) and histologic features (interface dermatitis involving follicular epithelium and concentric fibrosing around the isthmus and infundibulum). The remarkable clinical and histological overlap between these entities has led to the concept that these diseases exist along a spectrum. In the effort to identify classical LPP, FFA, FAPD and LPPDP with an umbrella term, we suggest to use ‘lichenoid alopecias’, as the distinguishing hallmark of these diseases is the lichenoid bandlike inflammatory infiltrate in the superficial dermis involving the infundibulum and isthmus of the hair follicle.
LncRNA CASC9 activated by STAT3 promotes the invasion of breast cancer and the formation of lymphatic vessels by enhancing H3K27ac‐activated SOX4
Authors: Fan Shan‐Ji , Cui Ying , Li Yue‐Hua , Xu Jia‐Chi , Shen Ying‐Ying , Huang Hong , Hu Ze‐Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in breast cancer (BC), but the underlying mechanisms remain large unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in BC. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were performed to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. The proliferative and metastatic abilities of BC cells were tested by cell counting kit‐8 and transwell assays, respectively. The formation of lymphatic vessels was detected by tube formation assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify molecular interactions. CASC9 was found to be highly expressed in BC tissues and cell lines, and ectopic overexpression was positively associated with tumor volume, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, CASC9 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of BC cells, as well as BC‐associated invasion and formation of lymphatic vessels of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells. Mechanical studies demonstrated that CASC9 could be transcriptionally activated by STAT3 and elevate SOX4 expression by enhancing the acetylation of its promoter region. Our results illustrated that STAT3‐activated CASC9 served as a tumor‐promoting gene involved in promoting BC invasion and BC‐associated formation of lymphatic vessels by upregulating SOX4 through altering H3K27ac level. This finding elucidated a new underlying network of CASC9 in the metastasis of BC.
Metalenses with Polarization‐Insensitive Adaptive Nano‐Antennas
Authors: Zhang Jianchao , Liang Haowen , Long Yong , Zhou Yongle , Sun Qian , Wu Qinfei , Fu Xiao , Martins Emiliano R. , Krauss Thomas F. , Li Juntao , Wang Xue‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetalens research has made major advances in recent years. These advances rely on the simple design principle of arranging meta‐atoms in regular arrays to create an arbitrary phase and polarization profile. Unfortunately, the concept of equally spaced meta‐atoms reaches its limit for high deflection angles where the deflection efficiency decreases. The efficiency can be increased using nano‐antennas with multiple elements, but their polarization sensitivity hinders their application in metalenses. Here, it is shown that by designing polarization‐insensitive dimer nano‐antennas and abandoning the principle of equally spaced unit cells, polarization‐insensitive ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA = 1.48) oil‐immersion operation with an efficiency of 42% can be demonstrated. This represents a significant improvement on other polarization‐insensitive designs at visible wavelength. This single layer metalens is used to replace a conventional objective lens and demonstrates the confocal scanning microscopic imaging of a grating with a period of 300 nm at 532 nm operating wavelength. Overall, the results experimentally demonstrate a novel design concept that further improves metalens performance.
Extremal numberings and fixed point theorems
Authors: Faizrahmanov Marat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider so‐called extremal numberings that form the greatest or minimal degrees under the reducibility of all A‐computable numberings of a given family of subsets of , where A is an arbitrary oracle. Such numberings are very common in the literature and they are called universal and minimal A‐computable numberings, respectively. The main question of this paper is when a universal or a minimal A‐computable numbering satisfies the Recursion Theorem (with parameters). First we prove that the Turing degree of a set A is hyperimmune if and only if every universal A‐computable numbering satisfies the Recursion Theorem. Next we prove that any universal A‐computable numbering satisfies the Recursion Theorem with parameters if A computes a non‐computable c.e. set. We also consider the property of precompleteness of universal numberings, which in turn is closely related to the Recursion Theorem. Ershov proved that a numbering is precomplete if and only if it satisfies the Recursion Theorem with parameters for partial computable functions. In this paper, we show that for a given A‐computable numbering, in the general case, the Recursion Theorem with parameters for total computable functions is not equivalent to the precompleteness of the numbering, even if it is universal. Finally we prove that if A is high, then any infinite A‐computable family has a minimal A‐computable numbering that satisfies the Recursion Theorem.
Optimized acoustic streaming generated at oblique incident angles to improve ultrasound thrombolysis effect
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yuan Ziyan , Song Renjie , Xue Honghui , Tu Juan , Fan Zheng , Guo Xiasheng , Zheng Yinfei , Zhang Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCombined with thrombolytic drugs and/or microbubbles, ultrasound (US) has been regarded as a useful tool for thrombolysis treatment by taking its advantages of noninvasive, non‐ionization, low cost, and accurate targeting of tissues deep in body. Recently, low‐intensity pulsed US, which can cause fewer complications by stable cavitation and acoustic streaming other than more violent effects, has attracted broad attention.PurposeHowever, the thrombolysis effect in practice might not achieve expectation because there is not an ideal parallel multilayered structure between the skin and the targeted vessel. Therefore, the current work aims to better elucidate the influence of US incident angle on the generation of acoustic streaming and thrombolysis effect.MethodsSystemic numerical and experimental studies, namely, finite element modeling (FEM), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and in vitro thrombolysis measurements, were performed to estimate the acoustical/streaming field pattern, maximum flow velocity, and shear stress on the surface of thrombus, as well as the lysis rate generated at different conditions. These methods aim at verifying the hypothesis that streaming‐induced vortices can further accelerate the dissolution of the thrombus and optimized thrombolysis effected can be achieved by adjusting US incident angles.ResultsThe pool data results showed that the variation trends of the flow velocity and shear stress obtained from FEM simulation and PIV experiments are qualitatively consistent with each other. There exists an optimal incident angle that can maximize the flow velocity and shear stress on the surface of thrombus, so that superior stirring and mixing effect can be generated. Furthermore, as the flow velocity and shear stress on thrombus surface are both highly correlated with the thrombolysis effect (the correlation coefficient R1 = 0.988, R2 = 0.958, respectively), the peak value of lysis rate (increase by at least 5.02%) also occurred at 10°.ConclusionsThe current results demonstrated that, with appropriately determined incident angle, higher thrombolysis rate could be achieved without increasing the driving pressure. It may shed the light on future US thrombolysis planning strategy that, if combined with other advanced technologies (e.g., machine‐learning‐based image analysis and image‐guided adaptive US emission modulation), more efficient thrombolytic effect could be realized while minimizing undesired side‐effects caused by excessively high pressure.
System dynamics in structural strength and vibration fatigue life assessment of the swing bar for high‐speed maglev train
Authors: Guo Feng , Hu Feifei , Wu Shengchuan , He Feng , Liu Jianxin , Wu Xingwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed maglev trains are subjected to severe dynamic loads, thus posing a failure hazard. It is necessary to account for the vehicle dynamics to improve the structural strength and fatigue life assessment approach under harsh routes and super high‐speed grades. As the most critical load‐carrying part between the vehicle body and levitation frames, the swing bar was taken as an example to demonstrate the significance of vehicle dynamics to integrate classical structural strength and fatigue life with the service conditions. A multiphysics‐coupled dynamic model of an alpha improvement scheme for an electromagnetic suspension maglev train capable of 600 km/h was established to investigate the complex dynamic loads and fatigue spectra. Using this model, the structural strength and fatigue life of the wrought swing bars were investigated. Results show only a slight effect on the structural strength and fatigue life of swing bars by the super high‐speed grades. The nonaxial bending moments caused by the uncompensated relative displacement between the vehicle body and bolsters are identified as the decisive factors. The minimum safety factor of the structural strength for wrought swing bars is 1.33, while the minimum fatigue life is 34 years. Both match the design requirements but are not conservative enough. Therefore, further verification and optimization are recommended to improve the design of swing bars.
Parameter influence law analysis and optimal design of a dual mass flywheel
Authors: Wu Guangqiang , Zhao Guoqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influence of the dynamic parameters of a dual mass flywheel (DMF) on its vibration reduction performance is analyzed, and several optimization algorithms are used to carry out multiobjective DMF optimization design. First, the vehicle powertrain system is modeled according to the parameter configuration of the test vehicle. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the simulation data with the test results. Then, the model is used to analyze the influence of the moment of inertia ratio, torsional stiffness, and damping in reducing DMF vibration. The speed fluctuation amplitude at the transmission input shaft and the natural frequency of the vehicle are taken as the optimization objectives. The passive selection method, multiobjective particle swarm optimization, and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm based on an elite strategy are used to carry out DMF multiobjective optimization design. The advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms are evaluated, and the best optimization algorithm is selected.
Muscle ultrasound is a sensitive biomarker in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kroon Rosemarie H. M. J. M. , Kalf Johanna G. , Meijers Rutger L. , de Swart Bert J. M. , Cameron Ian G. M. , Doorduin Jonne , van Alfen Nens , van Engelen Baziel G. M. , Horlings Corinne G. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late‐onset, progressive muscle disease. Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) assesses structural changes in muscles and is a sensitive biomarker in neuromuscular disorders. Our aim of this study was to determine whether QMUS can detect muscle pathology and can be used as longitudinal imaging biomarker in OPMD.MethodsGenetically confirmed OPMD patients, recruited by their treating physicians or from the national neuromuscular database, were examined twice, 20 months apart, using QMUS of orofacial and limb muscles, and measurements of functional capacity and muscle strength. Absolute echo intensity (AEI) and muscle thickness of all muscles were analyzed and correlated with clinical data.ResultsThe tongue, deltoid, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and soleus muscles showed increased AEI at baseline compared with normal values in 43 OPMD patients, with the rectus femoris being most often affected (51%).The AEI and muscle thickness of 9 of 11 muscles correlated significantly with the motor function measure, 10‐step stair test, swallowing capacity, dynamometry, Medical Research Council grade, tongue strength, and bite force (r = 0.302 to −0.711). Between baseline and follow‐up, deterioration in AEI was found for the temporalis, tongue, and deltoid muscles, and decreased muscle thickness was detected for the temporalis, masseter, digastric, tongue, deltoid, iliopsoas, and soleus muscles (P < .05). No relation was found between the change in AEI and repeat length or disease duration.DiscussionQMUS detected muscle pathology and disease progression in OPMD over 20 months. We conclude that QMUS should be considered as a biomarker in treatment trials.
Policy capacity during COVID‐19 in Asia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Mardiyanta Antun , Wijaya Calvin Nathan 
Published: July 2022

COVID‐19 has revealed the policy capacity of some governance institutions, both resilience and vulnerability. Hence, this circumstance has demanded public administration scholars and practitioners to rethink the existing governance practices, particularly in making effective crisis‐related policies. This paper reviewed primary and secondary studies exploring the application of policy capacity competencies in facilitating COVID‐19 handling in Asia. In achieving so, we did a systematic literature review of relevant studies published between January and October 2020. Applying the agreed search term to several databases, we found 2541 studies, while merely 30 were included for review. Findings from the studies are predominantly closely linked to operational capacity (n = 21). Other studies are related to political and analytical capacity (n = 14 and 7, retrospectively). We found that there are some dilemmas and inadequacy of understanding concerning the role of features in certain capacities (such as technology use versus individual privacy, the paradox of trust and legitimacy, or centralisation versus decentralisation), particularly in the time of crisis, which is a calling for future research.
Exploring the oxidation chemistry of hydroxy naphthoic acid: An experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Naduvilpurakkal Shibin B. , Menacherry Sunil Paul M. , Nair Sreekanth R. , Nguyen Thao P. , Nair Pramod G. , Aravind Usha K. , Aravindakumar Charuvila T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aquatic environment is extremely important, as they are identified pollutants. The oxidative degradation of two model PAHs, namely 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (3HNA) and 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (6HNA), collectively represented as HNAs in this report, were investigated by utilizing a combined approach of pulse radiolysis, theoretical studies and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Hydroxylated adduct radicals of HNAs (3HNA–λmax; 340 nm; k2 = [1.09 ± 0.07] × 1010 dm3 mol−1 s−1, 6HNA–λmax; 350 nm; k2 = [9.43 ± 0.05] × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1) were recognized as the immediate intermediates upon their reaction with hydroxyl radical (•OH). While theoretical calculations revealed the contributions from C1 and C4 adducts into the experimentally observed spectrum of 3HNA, the C5 adduct accounted as the major contributor for 6HNA. Investigations using specific oxidants, such as sulfate (SO4•−) and oxide (O•−) radicals, helped to exclude the contributions from other minor pathways (e.g., one‐electron oxidation and hydrogen abstraction). Further, HRMS studies revealed the existence of mono‐ and multi‐hydroxylated derivatives of HNAs as well as many other oxidation products including quinone‐like and ring‐opened structures. The in‐depth mechanistic aspects, including the kinetic and product profile, furnished in this report provide detailed insights in to the oxidation chemistry of highly toxic PAHs, such as the HNAs, in the aquatic environment.