bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronique de jurisprudence de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (2019)
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence , Ntwari Guy-Fleury 
Published: March 2022

Cette chronique entend présenter les grandes lignes jurisprudentielles qui se dégagent de l’activité de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, tant s’agissant de la protection des droits par la Cour, que concernant les conditions procédurales d’accès à celle-ci et les différents types de mesures qu’elle est habilitée à imposer aux États. Sur le premier point, l’accroissement important du flot contentieux est à relever. Si la Tanzanie continue de drainer devant la Cour nombre d’affaires où le système judiciaire du pays est en cause, deux arrêts rendus contre le Bénin (affaire Sébastien Germain Ajavon ) et le Ghana (affaire Alfred Agbesi Woyome ) sont importants et laissent à voir des thématiques majeures : les droits des opposants politiques d’un côté et les relations troubles entre le monde des affaires et la puissance publique de l’autre. S’agissant des conditions d’accès à la Cour, le fait marquant est la dénonciation de la déclaration facultative de juridiction de la Cour par la Tanzanie, dont on sait qu’elle abrite la Cour sur son territoire. Il s’agit d’un précédent préoccupant. De fait, la Cour entre dans une période politique complexe, où elle doit arriver à préserver la confiance des États, alors que les requérants la confrontent – notamment par le biais des mesures provisoires – à ses importants pouvoirs dans le cadre du contrôle de la bonne gouvernance des règles électorales.
Le genre non binaire et fluide consacré par la Cour constitutionnelle : faut-il flexibiliser ou abolir l’enregistrement civil du sexe ?
Authors: Willems Geoffrey 
Published: March 2022

La loi belge du 25 juin 2017 a significativement amélioré la condition des personnes transgenres en affirmant que la reconnaissance juridique de leur identité vécue ne pouvait être suspendue à aucune condition d’ordre médical. Sur le recours en annulation formé par trois associations, la Cour constitutionnelle belge a néanmoins jugé ces progrès insuffisants dès lors que le régime réformé ne permettait pas l’expression juridique des identités non binaires ou fluides. L’arrêt d’annulation partielle rendu le 19 juin 2019 invite alors le législateur à revoir sa copie pour prendre en compte les personnes dont le genre échappe aux catégories binaires du masculin et du féminin et/ou est sujet à des fluctuations dans le temps. Après un bref rappel de l’évolution législative, la présente contribution expose les ressorts de la décision de la Cour constitutionnelle et examine, à la lumière des directives internationales et des exemples étrangers, l’alternative qui se présente aujourd’hui au législateur, entre flexibilisation et abolition du sexe civil.
Le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies face à l’homme qui voulait être le premier réfugié climatique : une avancée mesurée mais bienvenue
Authors: Courtoy Marie 
Published: March 2022

Le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies a rendu sa première décision en matière de migrations dites climatiques. Largement saluée par la doctrine, elle reconnaît que le principe de non-refoulement est susceptible de s’appliquer à ceux qui fuient les effets des changements climatiques. L’enthousiasme se doit cependant d’être mesuré : si la décision consacre une avancée positive, elle est loin d’éteindre une question éminemment complexe.
Carton rouge pour l’arbitrage de la Fédération turque de football
Authors: Frumer Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Par son arrêt Ali Rıza et autres c. Turquie , la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a jugé que l’instance arbitrale de la Fédération turque de football avait méconnu les garanties d’indépendance et d’impartialité. Elle a par ailleurs enjoint à l’État défendeur de prendre des mesures générales en vue de remédier au problème structurel constaté. Le présent commentaire s’attache, après avoir présenté les enseignements de l’arrêt, à en analyser les répercussions potentielles, non seulement pour les fédérations sportives mais aussi dans le contexte particulier des sanctions prononcées récemment par l’UEFA à l’encontre du club de Manchester City.
Épilogue de l’affaire N.D. et N.T. : ni démission, ni tolérance
Authors: Larché Marion 
Published: March 2022

La Grande Chambre renverse à l’unanimité l’arrêt adopté par la chambre dans l’affaire N.D. et N.T. en concluant à la non-violation de l’article 4 du Protocole n o 4 et de l’article 13 de la Convention. Si la formation solennelle reconnaît que le comportement fautif des requérants est de nature à relativiser la portée des droits procéduraux garantis par ces dispositions, la solution adoptée ne signe pas pour autant la démission du juge européen des droits de l’homme en matière migratoire. La Cour dégage une définition extensive de l’expulsion et montre également qu’elle entend maintenir son contrôle sur les pratiques nationales aux frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne.
L’art de la juste mesure dans la lutte contre le coronavirus face à la dimension collective de la liberté de culte
Authors: Nihoul Marc , Wattier Stéphanie , Xavier François 
Published: March 2022

Par une ordonnance rendue le 18 mai 2020, le Conseil d’État français a considéré que le maintien pendant la première phase du déconfinement d’une interdiction de tout rassemblement ou réunion dans les établissements de culte, sous la seule réserve des cérémonies funéraires pour lesquelles la présence de vingt personnes est admise, constituait une atteinte grave et manifestement illégale à la liberté de culte. Il a dès lors enjoint au Premier ministre de modifier cette interdiction « en prenant les mesures strictement proportionnées aux risques sanitaires encourus et appropriées aux circonstances de temps et de lieu applicables en ce début de ‘déconfinement’ pour encadrer les rassemblements et réunions dans les établissements de culte ». Après une analyse des faits et du raisonnement posé par le juge des référés du Conseil d’État, il est proposé, dans les lignes qui suivent, de resituer l’ordonnance dans son contexte national avant d’en analyser la conformité à la jurisprudence européenne et d’envisager la situation au regard du droit belge.
Professionnalisation des doctorants : résultats d’une étude sur le devenir des docteurs en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation
Authors: Mohib Najoua , Magot Claude-Alexandre , Plateau Jean-François 
Published: March 2022

Cet article aborde la question de la professionnalisation des doctorants en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation à partir d’une étude réalisée sur le devenir des docteurs d’un laboratoire français du Grand Est. Fondée sur une démarche inductive, l’étude comprend deux volets. Une enquête par questionnaire a d’abord été menée dans le but de collecter des données sur les caractéristiques générales de la population enquêtée (N = 55) et d’identifier les parcours professionnels et de recherche des docteurs. Elle a été suivie d’une série de 19 entretiens semi-directifs, qui ont permis de recueillir des informations sur le vécu de la formation doctorale en termes de professionnalisation. Les résultats montrent que les profils professionnels des docteurs sont stables depuis l’enquête de l’Association des Enseignant.e.s et Chercheur.e.s en Sciences de l’Éducation de 2007 (Leclercq, 2008) et suggèrent plusieurs pistes de réflexion sur les conditions favorables à la professionnalisation des doctorants.
Prognostic nomograms for patients undergoing radical operation for stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Weiran , Jia Shenghua , Zhang Yangzi , Yan Fei , Wang Xinyuan , Li Li , Guo Jianying , Liang Jun 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To develop nomograms for effective prediction of cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent radical operation for stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

Methods:
Clinical information from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database was retrieved from 2004 to 2015 and subjected to multivariate analysis to explore variables that affect the OS and CSS. Results were used to construct nomograms to assess the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS rates, then their calibration accuracy and discriminative power were examined using Kaplan–Meier curves, calibration plots, and C statistics.

Results:
Overall, 1,241 patients were included in the analysis. We found 7 and 5 factors that could independently alter the prognosis, then used for creating nomograms for evaluating the OS and CSS, respectively, with respective C-index values of 0.741 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.729–0.754) and 0.747 (95% CI: 0.733–0.762). Calibration and receiver operating characteristic curves further revealed excellent predictive performance.

Conclusions:
We successfully built highly accurate nomograms for evaluating the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS and OS rates in subjects who underwent radical operation for stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Further studies, involving prospective validations, are required to validate these nomograms.
Peripheral insertion of reverse-tapered and non-tapered central catheters (PICC) in patients receiving tumor chemotherapy
Authors: Li Fuxia , Shen Hongchang , Wang Min , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the reverse-tapered peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and the nontapered PICC in tumor chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective January to May 2019, 110 subjects were collected in the study, including a group of 49 patients with the reverse-tapered PICC catheters. In the other group, 61 patients were implanted with the nontapered PICC catheters. The incidence of PICC catheter-related symptomatic thrombosis, the difficulty degree of catheterization, and the rate of bleeding at the puncture point 24 h after catheterization were compared between two groups.

Results:
The comparison of the difficulty of catheterization and the permeability rate at puncture point 24 h after catheterization between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of symptomatic thrombosis associated with PICC catheters between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The reverse-tapered PICC and the nontapered PICC catheters have similar safety performance in tumor chemotherapy; different design types of PICC were selected according to the treatment needs of patients.
Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and primary tumor location in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xie Xueqi , Li Xiaolin , Tang Wenjie , Chen Jinlong , Xie Peng , Li Minghuan 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Few studies have reported on the relationship between complete blood count (CBC) parameters and progression-free survival (PFS) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Aims:
Evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment in patient CBC with advanced NSCLC when treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-TKIs as first-line to third-line therapy.
Settings and Design: We retrospectively analyzed 190 patients receiving TKIs with metastatic NSCLC harboring an exon del19, 21 L858R mutations, or other rare mutations.

Materials and Methods:
Pretreatment blood data were obtained from electronic medical records. Patient imaging results were used to identify tumor location.
Methods: Baseline clinical characteristics were compared by Pearson's Chi-square and Student's t-tests. Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of peripheral blood parameters on PFS. All prognostic factors were explored with multivariable regression.

Results:
Patients with high Neu% (13.0 vs. 18.8 months, P= 0.003), Neu (12.0 vs. 14.5 months, P = 0.014), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (7.0 vs. 15.2 months, P < 0.001) had worse PFS. In contrast, patients with higher Lym (13.0 vs. 16.5 months, P = 0.012) and Lym% (8.8 vs. 15.3 months, P < 0.001) showed better PFS. In addition, tumor location was also an important factor for prognosis (11.6 vs. 14.3 months, P = 0.003).

Discussion:
Our data indicated that Lym, LLym%, HNeu, HNeu%, and HNLR were associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients treated with TKIs. NLR and primary tumor location were both identified as independent risk indicators for worse PFS based on multivariate analysis.
The efficacy and safety of combined ipilimumab and nivolumab versus ipilimumab in patients with Stage III/IV unresectable melanoma
Authors: Zhu Yuqing , Cheng Hui , Zhong Minhong , Hu Yijie , Li Qiushuang , Gao Xiangfu , Liu Shan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
In this meta-analysis, we compared the clinical efficacy and safety of ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy with those of ipilimumab monotherapy for stage III/IV unresectable melanoma.

Materials and Methods:
A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported by relevant studies conducted up to May 2021 was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted independently by two researchers. The target parameters were complete response (CR), partial response (PR), objective response rate (ORR), time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs), and AEs in each organ system.

Results:
Ten articles reporting the results of three RCTs, including 790 subjects, were evaluated. In the pooled results, the CR (risk ratio [RR] = 4.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.73, 7.33]), PR (RR = 2.82, 95% CI [2.09, 3.81]), and ORR (RR=3.31, 95%CI[2.60, 4.20]) were statistically different between the two treatment groups. The CR, PR, and ORR in the combination therapy group were 22.00% (90/409), 36.43% (149/409), and 58.44% (239/409), respectively, versus 4.97% (18/362), 12.98% (47/362), and 17.96% (65/362), respectively, in the monotherapy group. There were significant differences in TTP and OS between the two groups (TTP: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.41, 95% CI [0.35, 0.49]; OS: HR = 0.55, 95% CI [0.45, 0.67]). PFS and OS were longer in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group. The incidence of treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) and AEs leading to death (RR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.97, 1.02]; RR = 2.28, 95% CI [0.54, 9.55], respectively) was not significantly different, but the incidence of Grade 3-4 AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation was higher in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (RR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.15, 2.86]); RR = 2.66, 95% CI [2.02, 3.52], respectively).

Conclusions:
Ipilimumab/nivolumab combination therapy was more effective than ipilimumab monotherapy for patients with stage III/IV unresectable melanoma. Although the incidence of TRAEs did not differ between the two groups, the severity of cases (Grade 3–4 AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation) was lower in the monotherapy group than in the combination therapy group. Additional high-quality studies are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of this drug combination, determine the optimal dosage, and explore additional potential drug combinations.
High systemic immune-inflammation index is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer and bone metastasis
Authors: Xu Shanqi , Cao Shoubo , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2022

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate whether systemic immune inflammation (SII) is correlated with overall survival (OS) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and bone metastasis.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective analysis of the value of pretreatment SII in patients with NSCLC and bone metastasis.

Subjects and Methods:
Two hundred and thirty-four patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC and bone metastasis treated at Harbin between January 2008 and May 2010 were included. Baseline clinical characteristics and pretreatment SII were collected for further analysis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the optimal cutoff value for SII. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors associated with OS were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
The optimal cutoff value for pretreatment SII was 618.3 × 109/L. Pretreatment SII ≥618.3 × 109/L was more commonly seen in patients with a greater number of distant metastases (<2 vs. ≥2, 56.4% vs. 70.0%, P = 0.033). Univariate analysis showed that sex, tumor histology, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status (ECOG-PS) score, pretreatment SII, and systemic chemotherapy were associated with OS (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.349, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.029-1.708, P = 0.030), ECOG-PS (HR = 1.674, 95% CI = 1.256–2.232, P < 0.001), SII (HR = 1.456, 95% CI = 1.100–1.927, P = 0.009), and systemic chemotherapy (HR = 0.596, 95% CI = 0.437–0.813, P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses found that SII was prognostic for patients with the following characteristics: age <65 years (P = 0.002), female (P = 0.021), nonsmoker (P = 0.010), histology of adenocarcinoma (P = 0.022), ECOG-PS <2 (P = 0.013), two or more distant metastases (P = 0.004), and two or more bone metastases (P = 0.009).

Conclusions:
Pretreatment SII may be a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC and bone metastasis.
Induction plus adjuvant chemotherapy, combined treatment with nimotuzumab, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for N3 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Liya , Lin Jie , Chen Jiawei , Zhang Shuai 
Published: March 2022

Context:
The main cause of treatment failure in NPC is distant metastasis and the NPC patients with stage N3 are the most prone to develop distant metastases. Thus, the selection of an efficient, lowtoxicity, welltolerated, adequate regimen is the key to improve the therapeutic efficacy for patients with stage N3 NPC.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the safety and feasibility of induction chemotherapy with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus cisplatin, combined treatment with nimotuzumab, and Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), followed by S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for stage N3M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Settings and Design:
This retrospective study involved 43 patients with stage N3M0 NPC treated with the above regimens.

Subjects and Methods:
For induction chemotherapy, four cycles of nab-paclitaxel (260 mg/m2, day 1) plus cisplatin (25 mg/m2, days 1–3) were administered. IMRT was performed concurrently with targeted therapy with nimotuzumab (200 mg IV, weekly for seven courses). For adjuvant chemotherapy, S-1 (40–60 mg twice a day, depending on the patient's body surface area) was administered for 14 days and was stopped for 7 days; this cycle was repeated every 21 days.

Statistical Analysis Used:
All statistical analyses were performed using an SPSS v21.0 software package. The LRC, OS, DMFS, and progressionfree survival (PFS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences in these rates were analyzed using logrank test.

Results:
The total treatment efficiency was 100.0%. The 3-year locoregional control, overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and progression-free survival rates were 97.6%, 87.6%, 83.5%, and 81.0%, respectively. Neutropenia was the most common hematological toxicity (95.3%), and the incidence of Grade ≥3 neutropenia was 30.2%. Grade 3 anemia and thrombocytopenia did not occur. The most common nonhematological adverse reactions were mucositis (100.0%), hair loss (100.0%), rashes (65.1%), and limb numbness with pain (60.4%). The occurrence and treatment of skin rashes needed special attention.

Conclusions:
Induction nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin, nimotuzumab combined with IMRT, followed by S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy, yielded an excellent survival benefit with tolerable toxicities in patients with stage N3 NPC. Distant metastasis was the main cause of treatment failure.
Standalone titanium/polyetheretherketone interbody cage for anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Mobbs Ralph J. , Amin Tajrian , Phan Kevin , Al Khawaja Darweesh , Choy Wen Jie , Parr William C.H. , Lovric Vedran , Walsh William R. 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a common procedure for patients suffering degenerative, deformity, or posttraumatic pathologies of the lumbar spine.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a combination Titanium/Polyetheretherketone (Ti/PEEK) 3-screw fixation ALIF cage.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective multisurgeon series of 87 patients (105 implants), with a minimum 24-month follow-up. Twelve patients (12/87) were supplemented with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for additional stability for pars defect spondylolisthesis correction. Radiological follow-up with fine-cut computed tomography (CT) scan occurred at 4–6 months, and again at 18–24 months if no fusion observed on initial CT, was performed to evaluate early and final fusion rates, and integration of the Ti/PEEK cage at the end-plate junction. Clinical follow-up included the subjective measures of pain and functional status and objective wearable device monitoring.

Results:
The fusion rate was 85% (97/105 implants) 6 months postoperatively, with no implant-related complications, and 95% at 24 months, based on independent radiological assessment. Patients experienced statistically significant improvement in subjective pain and functional outcomes compared to preoperative status. The objective measures revealed a daily step count with a 27% improvement, and gait velocity with a mean increase from 0.97 m/s to 1.18 m/s, at 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
A Ti/PEEK cage, with allograft and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), achieved rapid interbody progression to fusion and is an effective implant for use in anterior lumbar surgery with high early fusion rates and no peri-endplate lucency. Supercritical CO2 allograft provided an osteoconductive scaffold and combined well with BMP-2 to facilitate fusion.
Comparison of in vivo kinematic and radiological parameters of three cervical disc prostheses
Authors: Chang Nicholas , Mobbs Ralph , Hui Nicholas , Lin Henry 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) is an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for select patients that may preserve range of motion and reduce adjacent segment disease. Various CTDR prostheses are available; however, comparative data are limited. This study aimed to compare the short-term kinematic and radiological parameters of the M6-C, Mobi-C, and the CP-ESP prostheses.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included patients treated with CTDR between March 2005 and October 2020 at a single institution. Patients were included if their follow-up assessment included lateral erect and flexion/extension radiographs. The primary outcome assessed at 3-months postoperatively was range of motion, measured by the difference in functional spinal unit angle between flexion and extension.

Results:
A total of 131 CTDR levels (120 patients, 46.2 ± 10.1 years, 57% male) were included. Prostheses implanted included the M6-C (n = 52), Mobi-C (n = 54), and CP-ESP (n = 25). Range of motion varied significantly (8.2° ± 4.4° vs. 10.9° ± 4.7° vs. 6.1° ± 2.7°, P < 0.001). On post hoc analysis, the Mobi-C prosthesis demonstrated a significantly greater range of motion than either the M6-C prosthesis (P = 0.003) or CP-ESP (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Although the optimal range of motion for CTDR has not been established, short-term differences in the range of motion may guide the selection of CTDR prosthesis. Further studies with longer follow-up and consideration of clinical outcome measures are necessary.