bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cherry, Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, Wayne Co., Ohio, 1980
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested cherry (1.5-4 m) growing along roadsides were used for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides. A Myers 50 gal (189 liter) hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi (14Kg/cm2) was used to apply ca 1 gal (3.8 liter) of finished spray to each of 4 single-tree replicates. Treatments were applied Sept. 2 when larvae were 20-35 mm long. Ambient temperature was 24°C with partly cloudy skies and 16-24 kph winds. Spray was initially directed to the web(s) and the surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 6 days later by dismantling 1 web per tree and counting living and dead larvae. Sampling required 2 man-hours.
Blueberry, Spanworm Control, 1981
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. , Flanders K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2 blueberry burn fields in Washington Co., ME, test materials were applied to 25 x 25 ft plots on Juri 8-9 (Test 1) and Jun 11 (Test 2) when newly emerged stems were up to 2 inches tall. Each spray was applied with a Solo knapsack sprayer at a rate of 25 gal/acre. No other pesticides were applied to the plots. There were 4 replications/treatment, set in a randomized complete block design. On dates indicated in table, 10 sweeps with a standard 15 inch sweep net were taken in the center of each plot; after counting the larvae, they were spread back over the same plot. The larvae were mostly middle to late instars.
Cranberry, Fruitworm Control, 1981
Authors: Brodel Charles F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a uniformly vined, 19-yr-old section of State Bog in East Wareham, MA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 10 treatment plots replicated 3 times. Plots of 15 x 7 ft were separated within blocks by 5-ft pathways and between blocks by either a 15- or 30-ft pathway. Two post-bloom applications were made on Jul 7-8 and Jul 22-23 with a 10 gal, powered ground sprayer delivering ca 0.6 gal per min at 50 psi. All treatments were diluted to the rate of 400 gal of water per acre. A spray disc (4/64 inch orifice) and long distance nozzle tip allowed the applications to simulate those achieved commercially with overhead sprinkler systems. Difoiatan was applied on Jun 12 and Jul 22 to prevent infection by fruit rot organisms. Temperatures and rainfall were normal for Jul and markedly below normal for Aug. During the second week of Sep, berries from 5 randomly selected, square-foot areas within each plot were harvested by hand and frozen.
Control of Insects on Concord Grapes, 1981
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. , Danko Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard in North East, PA. Plots consisted of 3 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Sprays were applied on Jun 24, Jul 9, and Aug 14 using an Ortho garden sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Meyers 61256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayer, peratin pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in approximately 200 gal of spray per acre. Spray water was adjusted from a pH of 7.40 to pH 6.65 using Miller Spray Aide (4 oz/100 gal). Triton AG-98 (2 oz/100 gal) was used as a spreader sticker. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected at random per plot. Fifty clusters per plot were randomly selected and examined for grape berry moth larval injury. Fifty leaves were selected at radom per plot and the number of Japanese beetles recorded from the time of first beetle appearance until natural population decline. A modified Horsfall-Barratt scheme was used to rate leafhopper injury on Sep 30, by examining 25 leaves atrandom per plot.
Pecan Nut Casebearer Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1980
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
the experiment was conducted on mature ‘Schley’ trees on Shreveport, LA. A randomized block design was used with 3 blocks and 2 trees per treatment per block. Insecticide applications were made on May 29 using a John Bean 957 sprayer delivering ca 35 gal of spray per tree. Evaluation occurred on Jun 10 by examining 25 randomly tagged nut clusters per tree for signs of pecan nut casebearer damage. A cluster was considered damaged if any nut in the cluster was injured by casebearer. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Interaction of Soil Systemics and Herbicides on Lima Beans, 1981
Authors: Beste C. E. , Linduska James J. , Bagley P. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘C-elete’ lima beans were planted 1 to 1.5 inches deep, in single row plots, 17 ft in length and 6 ft in width, on Jul 16. The treatments were arranged in a randomized split block design with 3 replications. The insecticide treatments were applied at planting time with a single spout electric drive Gandy (Model 901-2). Sidedress treatments were applied 2 inches to the side of the row and 2 inches below the seed. Dribble treatments were allowed to flow freely from the tube directly over the row behind the furrow press - wheel and followed by a drag chain. Band treatments were applied in a 6 inch wide band over the row behind the furrow press - wheel and followed by a drag chain.
Aphid Control in Broccoli, 1981
Authors: Trumble John T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘De Cicco’ broccoli was seeded at 5.6 kg/ha on Nov 11, 1980 at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. Experimental plots were 15 m long and 3 rows wide, with 1 m between rows. Plants were thinned to .33 - .38 m spacings on Dec 15. Following thinning the crop was furrow-irrigated weekly. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a Latin square design, with replicates separated by 2 m and 1 untreated row of plants. Plants were sprayed on Jan 22, 1980 with Pirimor 50WP at 0.28 kg/ha or PPG 647 4EC at 0.14, 0.28, or 0.56 kg/ha. Control plots were not treated. Biofilm spreader-sticker was incorporated at 2.3 ml/liter; carrier (water) was 785 liter/ha for all treatments. Treatments were evaluated by counting cabbage aphids and green peach aphids from 5 randomly selected plants in the center row of each plot. Counts were taken at 1, 3, 7 and 15 days following pesticide application. Strong winds (gusts greater than 30 kph) and rain (ca 1 inch) occurred on Jan 23. Approximately 1 inch of rain fell Feb 4.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae in Cabbage, 1981
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Late Flat Dutch’ cabbage was transplanted Jun 9 to 36 inch row with a 30 Inch in-row spacing at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. Stn., Dakota Co., MN. Three separate trials were conducted. Plot size was 25 row-ft in the first and 2nd trials, 30 row-ft in the 3rd trial. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and border rows separated all plots to minimize effects of drift. Spray applications were made Aug 18, Sep 8, and Sep 22 using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 75 gal/acre at 25 psi. Plots were counted Aug 21, Sep 11 and Sep 24 by examining 6-8 heaas in a plot.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Blue Heaven’ cabbage were seeded on Aug 5 in Sassafras sandy loam soil in single rows, 25 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times; a guard row buffered each treated row. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 1 drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 45 gal/A at 40 psi. Granular treatments were sidedressed on Sep 1 and foliar treatments were applied Sep 9, Sep 15 and Sep 24. Evaluations for the various treatments included direct larval counts, foliage injury ratings, and percent marketable heads. Foliage injury ratings are expressed as percent defoliation. Yields (percent marketable heads) were taken on Oct 28 and defined as cabbage heads with no visible feeding and at least 2 undamaged wrapper leaves.
A Five-Year Summary of Looper Control on Cabbage and Lettuce in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1976-80
Authors: Harding James A. , Browning H. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on Great Lakes 659 lettuce in 1977 and ‘Val Verde’ lettuce in 1979 and 1980. Cabbage plots were ‘Rio Verde’ in 1976-77 and ‘Sanibel’ in 1979-80. Seed were planted on beds for furrow irrigation with centers 1 m apart. Plots were 2 beds wide by 10.67 m long with 1.5 m alleyways between blocks. Each test was arranged as a randomized, complete block having each treatment replication 3 or 4 times. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted, CO2-powered sprayer operated at 4 mph and 30 psi. Three flat-fan nozzles approximately 0.3 m above the plants and 0.5 m apart on the boom were directed downward spraying a broadcast pattern which simulated aerial application. This system delivered 46.7 liters of formulation per hectare, and coverage appeared adequate.
Carrot Weevil Control in Carrots, 1980
Authors: Grafius E. , Collins R. , Morrow E. , Love A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carrots were planted May 9. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plots were 6 rows wide (ca 9 ft) by 30 ft long and were arranged linearly along the border of the field. Treatments (except for Temik) were applied with a tractor mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Temik was applied at planting with a Gandy granular applicator. On all other plots, treatments were applied on Jun 13, 23, 30; Jul 7, 14, 21; Aug 4, 11, 18, 25.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Collards Interplanted with Other Vegetables, 1981
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Morris Heading col lard was transplanted on May 4 at Virginia State University Randolph Farm, Chesterfield County, VA. Soil type was a Goldsboro fine sandy loam. The field plots were assembled as a randomized complete block design with 4 rows, each 10 ft long. Col lards were planted in one of these rows while squash, pepper and eggplant were planted in the remaining 3 rows. These plots were replicated 4 times with 5 ft alleys between plots, col lards were treated 2 weeks after planting with a piston pump sprayer mounted with a single hollow cone nozzle. Spray solutions were prepared at the rate of 100 gallons/acre. Spraying was initiated on May 20 and was continued at biweekly intervals thereafter until a total of 5 sprayings were completed. The first larval counts were taken 2 weeks after spraying and subsequently at biweekly intervals. A foliar damage rating was conducted on Jul 13. Three plants were sampled from each treatment during each sampling which peceded 1 or 2 days before spraying.
Sweet Corn, First Brood European Corn Borer Control, 1981
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn utilized in this study was planted on Apr 26 on the Hugh Tuttle Farm, Dover, NH. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicted 4 times In a randomized complee block design. Treatments were applied to the whorls when leaf feeding injury began to be detected. Spray applications were made using a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 26 gal/acre. Granular applications were directed into the whorls using a Gandy pTot applicator. Evaluations were made on Jul 28 by examining all stalks and ears in each treatment and determining the percentage Injury by the larvae.
Reduction of Stewart’s Wilt Disease by Controlling Flea Beetles in Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Sugar & Gold’ sweet corn were planted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 6. Plots consisted of 4 rows of corn on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. A 15 ft alleyway separated each plot within each replicate. Twenty plants in the outside 2 rows of each plot were artificially inoculated with Stewart’s wilt bacteria on May 27 using an injection needle (one of the 2 untreated plots received no inoculation). Furadan 10g granules were placed in the furrow at planting time. Furadan 4F and Sevin 80S were applied as foliar spray on May 28 and Jun 3 using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle over the whorl calibrated to deliver 55 gal/acre at 250 psi. All 4 rows per plot were treated. Percent infected plants, percent dead plants, plant heght and yield data were recorded from the middle (non-inoculated) two rows only.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepid0Pteran Larvae on Late-Planted Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Silver Treat’ sweet corn was planted Aug 1 to 8 Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30-inch centers and 25 ft long. Whorl sprays were applied with a trctor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle centered over the row calibrated to deliver 55 gal/A at 40 psi; foliar sprays at silking were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 4 nozzles/row, directed at the ear zone, which delivered 170 gal/A at 250 psi. Whorl treatments were applied aug 29 and Sep 4. Foliar sprays at silking were applied Sep 21, 25 and 29 and Oct 2. Twenty plants from the middle 2 rows were evaluated on Sep 11 for armyworm damage. The categories for armyworm foliar feeding damage are as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage; (2) 10% damage; (3) moderate damage, 25% of whorl destroyed; (4) heavy damage, 50% of whorl destroyed; and (5) severe damage, skeletonized, whorls destroyed. At harvest (Oct 15) 20 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot were evaluated for ‘worm’ damage as “none” (clean), “tip” (less than 1.5 inches tip damage) and “side”. O Oct 24, 20 stalks from the middle 2 rows of each plot were split from tassel to soil surface; each inch of European corn borer damage was recorded as one cavity.
Cabbage Looper and Green Peach Aphid Control on Lettuce, 1981
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment consisted of two 25 ft rows bordered on each side by 2 untreated rows replicated 4 times and planted Jul 31 in a randomized complete block design. Plants were thinned to ca 12 inches. Row spacing was 36 inches, prior to the test, the entire plot was sprayed 3 times with carbaryl at 1.0 lb ai/acre to increase aphid populations. Treatment applications were made Sep 25 using a 2 row tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 38 GPA through 3 flat fan SS-110015 TeeJet nozzles/row. Counts were made Sep 28 by removing 3 heads from each plot and dissecting them. Cabbage looper populations in this plot were at the highest level on lettuce that we have ever observed.
European Corn Borer Control, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Hybelle’ bell peppers were transplanted Jun 1 in Sassafras sandy loam in single rows, 25 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times; a guard row buffered each treated row. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 1 drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. Granular materials were banded 2 inches deep and 4 inches out from the plant on both sides of the row and lightly incorporated on Jun 15 and Jun 29 with Furadan 10G, 15G and Jun 29 with RH-9358 5G, BAS-263 10G and Vydate 10G. Foliar treatments were initiated Jul 13 on a 7-day schedule until Sep 17. Mixed red and green commercial peppers were harvested and split open to determine corn borer infestations on Aug 13, sep 10 and Oct 10. Statistical analyses were based on the arcsin transformation.
Apple, Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 16 yr old apple trees at Monmouth, ME, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi and at a rate of 300-350 gal/acre. Spray dates were May 5 (tight cluster), 9 (pre-pink), 29 (petal all), Jun 8 (first cover), 26-30 (second), Jul 8-9 (third), 22 (fourth), Aug 6 (fifth), and 18 (sixth); materials applied as indicated in table. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) during the course of this test consisted of captan 80W (1 lb) on 7 dates, manzate 200 80W (.75 lb) plus Benlate 50W (3 oz) plus Imidan 50W (1 lb) on May 26 and Jun 4, Imidan 50W (1 lb) on May 29, Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 19, and Sevin 50W (2 lb) on Jul 6. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications/treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 ‘Red Delicious’ cultivars/treatment in Test 1, and 2 ‘Cortland’ and 2 ‘Golden Delicious’ in Test 2. From each tree 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Bush Blue Lake 274’ snap beans were planted on 13 May near Benson,. N. C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in centers. Foliar treatments were applied using CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 10 gal/acre at 40 lb/in3. A single application was made on 9 Jun., when approximately 40% of the Mexican bean beetle egg masses had hatched.
Insect Control on Spring Broccoli, 1983
Authors: Criswell Jim T. , Bostian Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Green Comet’ broccoli was transplanted 1 Apr. at the Vegetable Research Station, Bixby, Okla. Plots consisted of three 2-m rows with 0.3 m between plants in a row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were made 20 and 27 May with a CO2 compresssed air sprayer, delivering 30 gal/acre at 30 lb/in. Evaluations were made 19 and 25 May and 2 June by counting larvae on two plants in the center of the middle row of the plot. Rainfall occurred 21 May (1.13 in), 28 May (0.85 in) and 30 May (0.74 in).
Residues of Pounce (Permethrin and Its Two Metabolites: Dichlorovinyl Acid and Metaphenoxybenzyl Alcohol) When Applied to Chinese Cabbage for Control of Root Maggot, 1981
Authors: George D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pounce EC formulation was diluted with water and applied as a broadcast spray to Chinese cabbage plots at the recommended rate of 0.1 lb (AD/40 gal of water/acre or twice the recommended rate. Treatment began on 4 Aug. 1981, and continued every 6 days, ending on 22 Sept. 1981, for a total of eight applications. There were four replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of extract is available on request. Residues were determined on samples taken 0, 1, and 3 days after the last treatment. The residues were determined with a Hewlett-Packard 5840A gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Column: 5% QF-1 on Supelcoport (100/120 mesh), glass (4 ft by 3/16 in.). Known amounts of pure permethrin and its two metabolites (acid and alcohol) were added in the range of 0.01 to 1.00 ppm to untreated control samples and the percent recovery was determined.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cauliflower, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. , May A. , Otto M. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedling cauliflower were transplanted on 1 Aug., 1983, at the M.S.U. Entomol. Res. facility on campus. Plots were three rows wide by 20 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications per treatment. A Lorsban drench was applied to all plots 3 Aug. at 50 gal/acre for cabbage maggot control. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 12, 20, 24, and 31 Aug., and 7, 15, and 26 Sept. Weekly insect counts were taken on two entire plants from the middle row of each plot.
Leafminer Control on Celery, Spring 1981
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted 15 Apr. into Lauderhill muck soil on the Univ. of Florida, Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, farm in Zellwood, Fla. Treatments were applied to single row plots 15 ft long (36 in row spacing and 7 in plant spacing) and replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by weed-free 10 ft alleys. The sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized, 2.5-gal., B & G sprayer. SD 52618, Vydate, GS Mixture, and the 0.5 and 1.0 rates of Monitor were applied as foliar sprays with a boom with one overhead and two drop nozzles with D3 orifice plates and #45 cores. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 45 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. The 2-lb rates of Monitor and Orthene were applied as a 4-in band to the soil at the base of each side of the celery plant. The delivery rate was 119 gal/acre, using a single nozzle with a D6 orifice plate and #56 core, a boom pressure of about 45 lb/in2 and a speed of 3mph. RH 9358 and CC11242 granules were applied as a 10-in. band over the top of the celery plants using a calibrated hand-held granular applicator. CC 8158 bait was applied over the top of the celery plants in premeasured amounts using a shaker can. Percentage of leaf area mined per trifoliate was used to evaluate effectiveness of treatments. This was calculated from 10 trifoliates sampled from foliage of intermediate age from 10 plants per plot. Effect of the foliar sprays on parasites was measured by removing 20 trifoliates from each plot and holding these in paper cartons until all parasites and flies had emerged. The overall amount of mine damage was lower than usual due to a large amount of parasite activity.
Insect Control on Sweet Corn, Spring, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Goldcup’ sweet corn was planted 16 Apr. in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Counter 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre and Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre were incorporated in 15 in bands at planting time. Pydrin 2.4EC 0.1 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the entire experiment on 5 May to control a severe infestation of fall armyworm which threatened the entire experiment. A plot consisted of four 30 ft rows with 30 in row spacing and 12 in plant spacing, plots were separated by one unsprayed row. Treatments were replicated in five randomized complete blocks separated by 20 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized sprayer mounted on a Hustler high-clearance tractor. Three nozzles (D2-25) were used per row; one overhead and one drop on each side. The delivery rate was 32 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 40 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Applications were made on 13 and 19 May, and 3, 7, 10, and 14 June. Twenty ears were sampled from each plot; 10 from each of the two middle rows. The frequency of the tassels that showed evidence of The frequency of tip, side, and base damage to the ear, and silk bud damage was recorded on 1 June, clipping was recorded on 16 June.