bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent low rates of same‐day umbilical hernia repair in Australia over the past 20 years: is there a need to change?
Authors: Davis Sean , Mills Joanna M. Z. , Edwards Suzanne , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral recent reports have identified significant variations in discharge practices following umbilical hernia repair (UHR). The primary aim of this paper is to determine Australian UHR same day discharge (SDD) rates over the past two decades. Secondary aims are to analyse factors which may contribute to variation in discharge practices, compare Australian UHR SDD rates internationally and determine LOS trends.MethodsA retrospective, population‐based cohort study was conducted using de‐identified data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (1 July 1998 to 30 June 2019). SDD rates and LOS were calculated for age, gender and complexity. Negative binomial models were used to investigate associations between characteristics.ResultsThe overall mean UHR SDD rate was 41.2% with a modest improvement over the study period (36.5% to 44.4%, P < 0.0001). The mean LOS was 3.4 days, and this decreased over the study period (P = 0.01). Males had a higher rate of SDD (42.1% vs. 39.4%, P < 0.0001) and shorter LOS (3.0 vs. 3.7 days, P < 0.0001) compared with females. Increased age was associated with decreased SDD (P < 0.0001) and increased LOS (P < 0.0001). Australia's SDD rate was lower than in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom.ConclusionWhile SDD and LOS following UHR improved across the study period, SDD rates remain below the RACS recommendation and compare unfavourably internationally. Advancing age and female gender were associated with decreased SDD and increased LOS demonstrating potential areas for improvement. Multiple strategies are discussed to address the persistently low rates of SDD after UHR.
Applying developmental science concepts to improve the applicability of children’s food preference learning research
Authors: Anzman‐Frasca Stephanie , Moding Kameron J. , Forestell Catherine A. , Francis Lori A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn many nations today, the quality of children's diets is low, with numerous children rejecting healthy foods. Fortunately, young children can learn to like and consume new and previously rejected foods with experience, as evidenced by extensive experimental research. In this article, we propose integrating research on children's food preference learning with concepts from developmental science to facilitate generalizability across a wider range of children's characteristics and environments. We review emerging research suggesting that increased consideration of individual differences in responsiveness to food preference learning strategies and ecological validity can facilitate dissemination of evidence‐based feeding strategies that fit various children's characteristics and contexts. We incorporate Gottlieb's theory of probabilistic epigenesis to illustrate the importance of considering both individual differences in constitutionally based characteristics and children's naturalistic eating environments since these continually act together to affect eating outcomes. Further research incorporating these factors can help a broader population of parents and caregivers encourage healthy eating in young children's everyday environments.
Effect of the SunSafe Student Ambassador Program on the attitudes, knowledge and behaviour of Australian high-school students towards sun safety: a prospective study
Authors: Hanna Sarah , Marinos Emmanuel , Bryan Derek , Ahmed Tasnia , Lo Serigne N. , Carlino Matteo S. , Smith Annika , Cairns Georgia , Shannon Kerwin , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. , Saw Robyn P. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The SunSafe Student Ambassador Program (SSSAP) in Australia uses the peer-to-peer learning environment to educate high-school students about sun-safety.

Aims
To assess whether the SSSAP would improve knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards sun safety in high-school students and whether this would be sustained at 3 months.

Methods
An assessment survey was delivered before, immediately after and 3 months after participation in the SSSAP in 2019.

Results
In total, 503 participants completed the pre-presentation survey, 274 completed the post-presentation survey, and 218 completed both. Immediately following presentation, the total composite score for all 18 knowledge questions increased from a mean ± SD of 11.8 ± 3.5 to 13.8 ± 4.7 (P &lt; 0.001). There was strong evidence for an improvement in one attitude-based question ‘Is it healthy to have a tan?’ (P &lt; 0.01) and one behaviour question about wearing sunscreen daily (P = 0.02). After 3 months, 235 students were matched to their pre-presentation survey. The composite score of all knowledge questions had improved from 11.2 ± 3.5 to 12.1 ± 4.5 (out of a total of 18) (P &lt; 0.01). There was also an improvement in two attitude questions ‘Do you feel better when you have a tan?’ (P = 0.03) and ‘Is it healthy to have a tan?’ (very strong evidence: P &lt; 0.001), and evidence for a reduction in time spent outdoors on a weekday (P = 0.04).

Conclusion
The SSSAP was associated with improvements in knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards sun safety immediately and at 3 months post-presentation. Further research is required to determine whether these positive effects are sustained and whether they ultimately reduce skin cancers.
Eosinophilic infiltration of oesophagus following carbamazepine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: an under-reported sequel?
Authors: Greenish Huw W. S. , Divekar Preshita , Fortun Paul , Bracey Tim S. , Frewen John , Bendall Oliver 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a patient with carbamazepine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), who developed painful dysphagia in the follow-up period. Gastrointestinal, including oesophageal, complications are rarely reported following DRESS, and we wish to highlight this possibly under-reported phenomenon.
Robotic left hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis: Description of the technique and initial results
Authors: Mora López Laura , Pallisera Lloveras Anna , Serracant Barrera Anna , Garcia‐Nalda A. , Caraballo Angeli M. , Pino Pérez Oriol , Navarro Soto Salvador , Serra Aracil Xavier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to describe the robot‐assisted intracorporeal anastomosis technique in left colon surgery (rLCS) and report the initial results.MethodThe rLCS was performed in 25 consecutive patients, starting with a Pfannenstiel incision and introducing a prepared anvil. The robot was docked and the affected segment resected. Colotomy was performed and the anvil was introduced in the proximal segment. End‐to‐end anastomosis was performed and reinforced. An air‐leak test was performed.ResultsThe results varied in terms of patient's age, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, weight and the technique performed. Most patients had cancer. There was no suture failure or mortality, and the mean hospital stay was 3 days.ConclusionsThe rLCS is a safe, reproducible technique with good initial results. Prospective studies should be performed to demonstrate its advantages.
Human ESC‐derived immunity‐ and matrix‐ regulatory cells ameliorated white matter damage and vascular cognitive impairment in rats subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Zhao Yilong , Wu Jun , Li Da , Liu Jing , Chen Weiqi , Hou Zongren , Liu Kailun , Jiang Lingling , Chen Xiaowei , Wang Liu , Hu Baoyang , Zong Fangrong , Wang Yukai , Wang Yilong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the ability of immunity‐ and matrix‐ regulatory cells (IMRCs) to improve cognitive function in a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment.Materials and MethodsA chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model was established in rats via permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (two‐vessel occlusion, 2VO). The rats then received intravenous injections of IMRCs or saline. A single injection of different doses of IMRCs (1 × 106 cells/rat, 2 × 106 cells/rat, or 4 × 106 cells/rat) was administered via tail vein 72 h after establishment of the model. To evaluate functional recovery, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests after 30 days of CCH. Imaging, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to analyse neuroinflammation and white matter injury after 14 and 40 days of CCH. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was used to profile gene expression changes in copine 1 (CPNE1) in response to IMRCs treatment.ResultsIntravenous injection of 4 × 106 IMRCs alleviated white matter damage and ameliorated cognitive deficits in rats subjected to CCH. Immunofluorescence staining suggested that activation of microglia and astrocytes was reduced, and RNA sequencing showed that CPNE1 expression was significantly elevated following treatment with IMRCs.ConclusionsIntravenous injection of IMRCs protected against CCH‐induced white matter injury and cognitive impairment inhibition of microglial activation and regulation of microglia polarization.
Linking male reproductive success to effort within and among nests in a co‐breeding stream fish
Authors: Kim Seoghyun , Hooten Mevin B. , Darden Tanya L. , Kanno Yoichiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNest construction is an energetically costly behavior displayed by males in many taxa. In some species, males construct nests and co‐breed with other males and they may construct multiple nests in a breeding season. However, little is understood about how allocation of effort within and among nests affects male reproductive success. We characterized reproductive effort of male bluehead chub (Nocomis leptocephalus), a nest‐building stream fish, in an entire breeding season in a small stream in South Carolina, USA. By using automated monitoring methods on 18 nests, we recorded time spent by 34 males during the spawning season in 2017. We then linked effort within and among nests to reproductive success, measured by the number of offspring assigned genetically to each male. A Bayesian hierarchical analysis showed that larger males spent more time constructing and maintaining a given nest, and consequently were more reproductively successful than smaller males on the same nest. Combined with aggressive behavior displayed by larger males toward smaller males, this finding suggested that reproductive effort, including agonistic interactions within nests was a determinant of reproductive success. In addition, larger nests constructed by more males led to higher male reproductive success, suggesting the importance of cooperative behaviors. Number of nests that males constructed, a measure of effort across nests, was not a predictor of reproductive success, further supporting that reproductive success varied among nests due to nest size. Our study showed that male reproductive success was determined by both aggressive and cooperative behaviors in a co‐breeding species.
Effect of geometric size deviation induced by machining on the vibration fatigue behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Dallali Manel , Khalij Leila , Conforto Egle , Dashti Alireza , Gautrelet Christophe , Rodrigues Machado Marcela , Souza de Cursi Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTi‐6Al‐4V plates were machined simultaneously to achieve the reduced section of specimens with a wire‐cut electrical discharge machine (EDM). Geometric shape errors due to the cutting path deviation were discovered on many specimens after the final manufacture. High‐cycle fatigue tests were carried out on these symmetrical and asymmetrical shaped specimens. Probabilistic treatment was used to examine the occurrence probability of one or two cracks, and the fatigue failure mechanisms were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The objective of this work was to highlight the impact of the geometric size deviation on fatigue life and crack growth.
Inducible defensive traits of Daphnia pulex against predators are mainly determined by the offspring's environment rather than their mother's experience
Authors: Zhou Qiming , Zhang Chenxi , Huang Jing , Gu Lei , Zhang Lu , Sun Yunfei , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Daphnia can develop a VARIETY of inducible defensive traits when they sense predator kairomone and transmit the predation risk information from females to their offspring. However, limited research has focused on how Daphnia females transmit predation risk information across multiple broods when the mothers and offspring are respectively exposed or not exposed to predation pressure.

Here we conducted a prolonged predation risk transmission experiment, where three generations of Daphnia pulex individuals were cultured with or without fish kairomone until they produce six broods of offspring. Life history traits and morphological defensive traits were measured to investigate how inducible defensive traits were transmitted across generations and multiple broods.

Our results demonstrated that (1) inducible defensive traits of offspring were mainly determined by the offspring's environment rather than their mothers' experience; and (2) as the mothers produced more broods of offspring, inducible defensive traits of the offspring were gradually increased and then decreased.

The present study highlights the reversibility and differences among generations and broods of the transmission of predation risk information via transgenerational effects, which provides a basis for further understanding of transgenerational plasticity across broods.
Rapalog‐induced cell adhesion molecule inhibits mesoderm migration in Xenopus embryos by increasing frequency of adhesion to the ectoderm
Authors: Usami Chisa , Inomata Hidehiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the gastrula stage of Xenopus laevis, mesodermal cells migrate on the blastocoel roof (BCR) toward the animal pole. In this process, mesodermal cells directly adhere to the BCR via adhesion molecules, such as cadherins, which in turn trigger a repulsive reaction through factors such as Eph/ephrin. Therefore, the mesoderm and BCR repeatedly adhere to and detach from each other, and the frequency of this adhesion is thought to control mesoderm migration. Although knockdown of cadherin or Eph/ephrin causes severe gastrulation defects, these molecules have been reported to contribute not only to boundary formation but also to the internal function of each tissue. Therefore, it is possible that the defect caused by knockdown occurs due to tissue function abnormalities. To address this problem, we developed a method to specifically induce adhesion between different tissues using rapalog (an analog of rapamycin). When adhesion between the BCR and mesoderm was specifically enhanced by rapalog, mesoderm migration was strongly suppressed. Furthermore, we confirmed that rapalog significantly increased the frequency of adhesion between the two tissues. These results support the idea that the adhesion frequency controls mesoderm migration, and demonstrate that our method effectively enhances adhesion between specific tissues in vivo.
A comprehensive study of the batch‐to‐melt conversion process of a high‐boron alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Li Hong , Reben Manuela , Dobyne Jason , Wang Qingwei , Liu Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA comprehensive study of the batch‐to‐melt (BtM) conversion process was carried out on a single high‐boron alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass composition, which is relevant to manufacturing high‐performance fiberglass for high‐end electronic applications. In the study, we used several techniques to trace the BtM process from room temperature up to 1400°C, namely isotherm batch heat‐treatment, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), hot‐stage microscopy (HSM), high‐temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). In the BtM process, the intermediate aluminum borate phase (Al4B2O9) between 1000 and 1100°C was identified. The formation of Al4B2O9 is explained in conjunction with the dihydroxylation of kaolin. For the first time, the potential use of the FT‐IR method in studying the BtM process was demonstrated, including the dissolution of sand above 1100°C.
Monitoring of heparin therapy beyond the anti‐Xa activity assay: Evaluation of a thrombin generation assay
Authors: Vermeiren Pauline , Vandevelde Arne , Peperstraete Harlinde , Devreese Katrien M. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlobal coagulation assays may be of added value to the anti‐Xa assay for monitoring heparin therapy. Unlike most testing methods, the thrombin generation assay (TGA) has the ability to assess the overall function of the hemostatic system, which provides information on the anticoagulation status of patients. We compared the TGA, measured with ST Genesia® STG‐DrugScreen® reagent, with the anti‐Xa assay for monitoring heparin therapy in inflammatory and non‐inflammatory patients. We also determined reference values for STG‐DrugScreen® thrombin generation (TG) parameters.MethodsReference values were determined on 120 healthy donors. Furthermore, a spiking experiment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was performed, and samples of patients receiving UFH or LMWH were analyzed with ST Genesia® and the anti‐Xa assay.ResultsHigh discrepancy between TG parameters and anti‐Xa activity was observed for low LMWH anti‐Xa levels. TG parameters were affected in 36/46 (time to peak) to 42/46 (peak height) patients during UFH therapy with sub‐target anti‐Xa activity levels.ConclusionTGA seems insufficiently sensitive for low concentrations of LMWH. There may be an added value of the TGA for monitoring UFH in so‐called heparin‐resistant patients. Therefore, the TGA has the potential to be introduced as an additional tool for monitoring heparin therapy.
Phase transformation and electrochemical charge storage properties of vanadium oxide/carbon composite electrodes synthesized via integration with dopamine
Authors: Andris Ryan , Averianov Timofey , Pomerantseva Ekaterina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChemically preintercalated dopamine (DOPA) molecules were used as both a reducing agent and a carbon precursor to prepare δ‐V2O5·nH2O/C, H2V3O8/C, VO2(B)/C, and V2O3/C nanocomposites via hydrothermal treatment or hydrothermal treatment followed by annealing under Ar flow. We found that the phase composition and morphology of the produced composites are influenced by the DOPA:V2O5 ratio used to synthesize (DOPA)xV2O5 precursors through DOPA diffusion into the interlayer region of the δ‐V2O5·nH2O framework. The increase of DOPA concentration in the reaction mixture led to a more pronounced reduction of vanadium and a higher fraction of carbon in the composites’ structure, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The electrochemical charge storage properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated in Li‐ion cells with nonaqueous electrolytes. δ‐V2O5·nH2O/C, H2V3O8/C, VO2(B)/C, and V2O3/C electrodes delivered high initial capacities of 214, 252, 279, and 637 mAh g–1, respectively. The insights provided by this investigation open up the possibility of creating new nanocomposite oxide/carbon electrodes for a variety of applications, such as energy storage, sensing, and electrochromic devices.
Impact of the first announced state of emergency owing to coronavirus disease 2019 on stress and blood pressure levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan
Authors: Ito Shun , Kobayashi Kazuo , Chin Keiichi , Umezawa Shinichi , Yamamoto Hareaki , Nakano Shiro , Takada Nobukazu , Hatori Nobuo , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionAfter the first coronavirus disease 2019 state of emergency announcement, there was an increase in stress that might have affected the self‐management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study identified the changes in clinical findings and stress among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and investigated the characteristics of patients who experienced an increase in blood pressure (BP) after the announcement.Materials and MethodsRetrospectively, we scrutinized 310 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated by the Sagamihara Physicians Association. After the announcement, 164 and 146 patients showed an increase (ΔBP >0 group) and decrease in BP (ΔBP ≤0 group), respectively. The propensity score matching method was used to compare the differences in clinical findings and stress‐related questionnaire responses between the two groups.ResultsAfter the announcement, 47% of patients experienced an increase in daily stress. Furthermore, 17% and 36% reported worsening dietary intake and a decrease in exercise, respectively. More patients reported that their dietary and salt intake had worsened in the ΔBP >0 group than in the ΔBP ≤0 group (9% vs 20%, P = 0.02, and 3% vs 10%, P = 0.04, respectively). Additionally, both systolic and diastolic BP measured in the office were significantly increased (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively); however, systolic BP measured at home significantly decreased (P = 0.01). The total stress scores were higher in the ΔBP >0 group than in the ΔBP ≤0 group (0.05 ± 2.61 and 0.93 ± 2.70, respectively, P = 0.03).ConclusionsAn increase in stress and, particularly, worsening dietary and salt intake were noted among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who experienced an increase in BP after the state of emergency announcement.
Sex‐specific markers undetected in green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus using restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing
Authors: Teal Chad N. , Coykendall D. Katharine , Campbell Matthew R. , Eardley Daniel L. , Delomas Thomas A. , Shira James T. , Schill Daniel J. , Bonar Scott A. , Culver Melanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe used restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing for SNP discovery and genotyping of known‐sex green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus DNA samples to search for sex‐diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and restriction‐site associated sequences present in one sex and absent in the other. The bioinformatic analyses discovered candidate SNPs and sex‐specific restriction‐site associated sequences that fit patterns of male or female heterogametic sex determination systems. However, when primers were developed and tested, no candidates reliably identified phenotypic sex. The top performing SNP candidate (ZW_218) correlated with phenotypic sex 63.0% of the time and the presence‐absence loci universally amplified in both sexes. We recommend further investigations that interrogate a larger fraction of the L. cyanellus genome. Additionally, studies on the effect of temperature and rearing density on sex determination, as well as breeding of sex‐reversed individuals, could provide more insights into the sex determination system of L. cyanellus.