bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate variability induced livelihood vulnerability: A systematic review and future prospects
Authors: Kumari Geeta , Sajjad Haroon , Rahaman Md Hibjur , Masroor Md , Roshani  , Ahmed Raihan , Sahana Mehebub 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate variability has increased the frequency of disasters and affected the livelihood of the people to a greater extent. Therefore, livelihood vulnerability assessment assumes greater significance for understanding the interlinkages between climate variability induced disasters and livelihood pattern. In this paper, an attempt has been made to trace knowledge gaps, examine trends of research, and suggest future direction. We first collected 191 papers in the domain from Web of Science and Google scholar search engines from 1999 to 2019. Descriptive and thematic attributes of these papers were reviewed for identifying the missing links between climate variability and livelihood vulnerability and recommending future research action. Findings revealed that most of the studies were conducted at the local and regional level where the agricultural sector has taken dominance over other sectors. There is limited interdisciplinary coordination on the subject leading to limited cross‐scale interactions. Geographically, more studies were carried out in the plains. Future research should focus on mountains and coastal areas. Forest, aquaculture, and dairy farming should accord priority in such ecosystems. Empirical studies with an interdisciplinary approach need to be carried out for livelihood vulnerability assessment.
Whole‐transcriptome sequencing identifies neuroinflammation, metabolism and blood–brain barrier related processes in the hippocampus of aged mice during perioperative period
Authors: Suo Zizheng , Yang Jing , Zhou Bowen , Qu Yinyin , Xu Wenjie , Li Min , Xiao Ting , Zheng Hui , Ni Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimPerioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) occur frequently after surgery and anesthesia, especially in aged patients. Previous studies have shown multiple PND related mechanisms in the hippocampus; however, their relationships remain unclear. Meanwhile, the perioperative neuropathological processes are sophisticated and changeable, single period study could not reveal the accurate mechanisms. Thus, multiperiod whole‐transcriptome study is necessary to elucidate the gene expression patterns during perioperative period.MethodsAged C57BL/6 mice were subjected to exploratory laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia. Whole‐transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq analysis) was performed on the hippocampi from control condition (Con), 30 min (Day0), 2 days (Day2), and 7 days (Day7) after surgery. Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, quantitative real‐time PCR, immunofluorescence, and fear conditioning test were also performed to elucidate the pathological processes and modulation networks during the period.ResultsThrough RNA‐seq analysis, 328, 3597, and 4179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out in intraoperative period (Day0 vs. Con), early postoperative period (Day2 vs. Day0), and late postoperative period (Day7 vs. Day2). The involved GO biological processes were divided into 9 categories, and positive‐regulated processes were more than negative‐regulated ones. Seventy‐four transcription factors were highlighted. The potential synaptic and neuroinflammatory pathways were constructed for Neurotransmitter, Synapse and Neuronal alteration categories with 9 genes (Htr1a, Rims1, and Ezh2, etc.). The metabolic and mitochondrial pathways were constructed for metabolism, oxidative stress, and biological rhythm categories with 9 genes (Gpld1, Sirt1, and Cry2, etc.). The blood–brain barrier and neurotoxicity related pathways were constructed for blood–brain barrier, neurotoxicity, and cognitive function categories with 10 genes (Mmp2, Itpr1, and Nrf1, etc.).ConclusionThe results revealed gene expression patterns and modulation networks in the aged hippocampus during perioperative period, which provide insights into overall mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of perioperative central nervous system diseases, such as PND, from the genetic level.
Climate drives anuran breeding phenology in a continental perspective as revealed by citizen‐collected data
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , Hepp Fábio , de Souza Juliana Macedo , Protazio Airan , Szabo Judit K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimAs anuran reproduction is generally linked to the availability of water, frogs and toads are particularly sensitive to climate. We tested the effect of climate on anuran reproductive phenology and daily activity by analysing temporal patterns of reproductive behaviour based on citizen‐collected observations.LocationBrazil.MethodsWe obtained vocalizations and photographs of frogs with inflated air sacs, as well as images of amplectant couples, nests, eggs or tadpoles in initial stages of development from iNaturalist. We analysed hourly patterns, seasonality and duration of the reproductive period using circular statistics in different climate types and tested phylogenetic signals. We analysed data for Bufonidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Phyllomedusidae in detail. We also reviewed relevant literature.ResultsAmong the 8478 (acoustic and photographic) records, 738 (8.7%) had evidence of reproduction with 284 acoustic records and 454 photographs, representing 184 taxa identified at the species level belonging to 16 families. Climate affected the period and duration of the reproductive season, as well as daily patterns of vocalization. These results were considered phylogenetically independent, as the reconstructions of ancestral character states did not suggest strong phylogenetic signals for temporal patterns of vocalization or reproduction. In Brazil, most frogs reproduce between October and January. Patterns were similar to the results of the literature review, however in the literature data, Bufonidae start reproduction 2 months earlier, and many Hylidae species reproduce until February. In general, frogs from warmer and drier climate regions had shorter and aggregated reproductive seasons, while in tropical monsoon climate they had a uniform temporal pattern.Main conclusionsAt the continental scale, reproductive phenology of anurans and their daily activity is affected by climatic conditions regardless of phylogeny. We found that community science can provide valuable information in Brazil that can be harnessed to monitor effects of climate change on amphibian reproduction.
Patient‐led rapid titration of basal insulin in gestational diabetes is associated with improved glycaemic control and lower birthweight
Authors: McGovern Andrew P. , Hirwa Kagabo D. , Wong Abigail K. , Holland Claire J. E. , Mayne Isabelle , Hashimi Aisha , Thompson Rachael , Creese Vicky , Havill Sarah , Sanders Tina , Blackman Jennifer , Vaidya Bijay , Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsElevated fasting blood glucose in gestational diabetes (GDM) is a key predictor of high birthweight babies and adverse pregnancy outcomes but is hard to treat. We implemented a simple, patient‐led, insulin dose titration algorithm aiming to improve fasting glycaemic control in GDM.MethodsIn women with GDM, initiating basal insulin, we recommended a daily four‐unit dose increase after every fasting glucose value ≥5.0 mmol/mol (90 mg/dl). This approach augmented our pre‐existing intensive (weekly) specialist nursing input. Using a before‐and‐after retrospective observational study design, we examined insulin doses and glucose values at 36 weeks gestation and maternal and neonatal outcomes in 105 women completing pregnancy before and 93 women after the intervention.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of women in the before and after groups were the same. Women initiated on insulin after implementation (n = 30 before, n = 43 after) achieved substantially higher doses at 36 weeks (53 vs. 36 units/day; 0.56 vs. 0.37 units/kg/day; p = 0.027). 36‐week mean fasting glucose was lower in those on insulin after implementation (4.6 vs. 5.1 mmol/L [83 vs. 92 mg/dl]; p = 0.031). Birthweight was significantly reduced (birthweight Z‐scores 0.34 vs. 0.92; p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in macrosomia (after; 2% vs. before; 17% p = 0.078) or caesarean sections (after; 33% vs. before; 47%; p = 0.116). No women experienced severe hypoglycaemia. There were no outcome differences before versus after intervention in women not treated with insulin.ConclusionsPatient‐led daily insulin titration in gestational diabetes leads to higher insulin dose use lower fasting glucose and is associated with lower birthweight without causing significant hypoglycaemia.
Evolutionary insights into porcine genomic structural variations based on a novel‐constructed dataset from 24 worldwide diverse populations
Authors: Gong Huanfa , Liu Weiwei , Wu Zhongzi , Zhang Mingpeng , Sun Yingchun , Ling Ziqi , Xiao Shijun , Ai Huashui , Xing Yuyun , Yang Bin , Huang Lusheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStructural variations (SVs) are important DNA polymorphisms that contribute to genetic diversity and evolution in humans, animals, and plants. In this study, we present a novel swine SV dataset of 79,919 deletions, 23,638 duplications, and 9333 inversions with average sequence depths of 24.1× from 24 varieties of worldwide pig populations, encompassing 305 individuals. Genotypes of SVs, particularly deletions, can accurately group individuals based on their population identity. We showed that exon‐covering deletions were subject to negative selection. Fixation index and differential allele frequency analysis identified highly differentiated SVs between European and Asian indigenous pigs, including deletions in NR6A1 and PLAG1, which are significantly associated with vertebrate numbers and growth performances, respectively. The growth‐enhancing allele at the deletion in PLAG1 was shared by European commercial pigs and Northern Chinese indigenous pigs including Laiwu and Min pigs, suggesting potential introgression from European commercial breeds into Chinese indigenous breeds. Moreover, we uncovered highly differentiated SVs in 139 genes between domesticated pigs and wild boars in Asia, temperature and altitude adaptation‐associated SVs in 41 genes, and population‐specific SVs in 718 genes. This study provides novel insights into the role of porcine SVs in domestication, environmental adaptation, and breed formation.
Marine animal evolutionary developmental biology—Advances through technology development
Authors: Stracke Katharina , Hejnol Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvolutionary developmental biology, the interdisciplinary effort of illuminating the conserved similarities and differences during animal development across all phylogenetic clades, has gained renewed interest in the past decades. As technology (immunohistochemistry, next‐generation sequencing, advanced imaging, and computational resources) has advanced, so has our ability of resolving fundamental hypotheses and overcoming the genotype–phenotype gap. This rapid progress, however, has also exposed gaps in the collective knowledge around the choice and representation of model organisms. It has become clear that evo‐devo requires a comparative, large‐scale approach including marine invertebrates to resolve some of the most urgent questions about the phylogenetic positioning and character traits of the last common ancestors. Many invertebrates at the base of the tree of life inhabit marine environments and have been used for some years due to their accessibility, husbandry, and morphology. Here, we briefly review the major concepts of evolutionary developmental biology and discuss the suitability of established model organisms to address current research questions, before focussing on the importance, application, and state‐of‐the‐art of marine evo‐devo. We highlight novel technical advances that progress evo‐devo as a whole.
Equine recurrent uveitis—A review
Authors: Fischer Britta M. , Brehm Walter , Reese Sven , McMullen Richard J. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryEquine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is still the leading cause of blindness in horses worldwide. It has a tremendous physical, emotional and economic impact on horses and their owners, respectively. This article will review the proposed aetiologies and discuss the complex and enigmatic relationship between ERU and leptospirosis as a cause. Typical clinical signs and ERU classifications will be discussed, and the current state of diagnostic testing evaluated. Much diagnostic data have been collected and published, and our thorough discussion of these results may serve to ease interpretation when routinely evaluating cases. Ultimately, the most current treatment options will be compared with regard to nonrecurrence rates, visual outcomes and associated complication rates.
Macro‐meso damage cracking and volumetric dilatancy of fault block‐in‐matrix rocks induced by freeze–thaw‐multistage constant amplitude cyclic (F‐T‐MSCAC) loads
Authors: Wang Yu , Yi Xuefeng , Li Peng , Cai Meifeng , Sun Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we experimentally investigated the mechanical behaviors of a fault unwelded bimrock exposed to first freeze–thaw weathering and then disturbed stress conditions. The impact of freeze–thaw damage on volumetric deformation, damage propagation, and mesoscopic instability mode was studied. Test results show that the block‐matrix interface cracking easily occurs after freeze–thaw treatment. The strain rate increases with the increase of the freeze–thaw cycle, and an early instability precursor is issued from the evolution of volumetric strain rare. In addition, a coupled evolution model considering the mechanical damage and the freeze–thaw weathering damage was defined, and it was suggested that the model pattern has obviously correlation with the occurrence of freeze–thaw damage. Moreover, posttest CT scanning revealed the influence of freeze–thaw on meso‐cracking and volumetric dilatancy pattern. It is found that the block contact, interlocking, occlusion, and separation contribute a lot to bimrock volumetric expansion.
Contrasting seasonal effects of climate change influence density in a cold‐adapted species
Authors: Kumar Alexander V. , Zimova Marketa , Martin Thomas E. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany ecological processes are profoundly influenced by abiotic factors, such as temperature and snow. However, despite strong evidence linking shifts in these ecological processes to corresponding shifts in abiotic factors driven by climate change, the mechanisms connecting population size to season‐specific climate drivers are little understood. Using a 21‐year dataset and a Bayesian state space model, we identified biologically informed seasonal climate covariates that influenced densities of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), a cold‐adapted boreal herbivore. We found that snow and temperature had strong but conflicting season‐dependent effects. Reduced snow duration in spring and fall and warmer summers were associated with lowered hare density, whereas warmer winters were associated with increased density. When modeled simultaneously and under two climate change scenarios, the negative effects of reduced fall and spring snow duration and warmer summers overwhelm the positive effect of warmer winters, producing projected population declines. Ultimately, the contrasting population‐level impacts of climate change across seasons emphasize the critical need to examine the entire annual climate cycle to understand potential long‐term population consequences of climate change.
Decomposing the spatial and temporal effects of climate on bird populations in northern European mountains
Authors: Bradter Ute , Johnston Alison , Hochachka Wesley M. , Soultan Alaaeldin , Brommer Jon E. , Gaget Elie , Kålås John Atle , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Lindström Åke , Piirainen Sirke , Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Pärt Tomas , Øien Ingar Jostein , Sandercock Brett K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe relationships between species abundance or occurrence versus spatial variation in climate are commonly used in species distribution models to forecast future distributions. Under “space‐for‐time substitution”, the effects of climate variation on species are assumed to be equivalent in both space and time. Two unresolved issues of space‐for‐time substitution are the time period for species' responses and also the relative contributions of rapid‐ versus slow reactions in shaping spatial and temporal responses to climate change. To test the assumption of equivalence, we used a new approach of climate decomposition to separate variation in temperature and precipitation in Fennoscandia into spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal components over a 23‐year period (1996–2018). We compiled information on land cover, topography, and six components of climate for 1756 fixed route surveys, and we modeled annual counts of 39 bird species breeding in the mountains of Fennoscandia. Local abundance of breeding birds was associated with the spatial components of climate as expected, but the temporal and spatiotemporal climatic variation from the current and previous breeding seasons were also important. The directions of the effects of the three climate components differed within and among species, suggesting that species can respond both rapidly and slowly to climate variation and that the responses represent different ecological processes. Thus, the assumption of equivalent species' response to spatial and temporal variation in climate was seldom met in our study system. Consequently, for the majority of our species, space‐for‐time substitution may only be applicable once the slow species' responses to a changing climate have occurred, whereas forecasts for the near future need to accommodate the temporal components of climate variation. However, appropriate forecast horizons for space‐for‐time substitution are rarely considered and may be difficult to reliably identify. Accurately predicting change is challenging because multiple ecological processes affect species distributions at different temporal scales.
Platelet extracellular vesicles and the secretory interactome join forces in health and disease
Authors: Boilard Eric , Bellio Marie 
Published: July 2022

SummaryExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane‐bound vesicles released by cells under various conditions. They are found in the extracellular milieu in all biological fluids. As the concentrations, contents, and origin of EVs can change during inflammation, the assessment of EVs can be used as a proxy of cellular activation. Here, we review the literature regarding EVs, more particularly those released by platelets and their mother cells, the megakaryocytes. Their cargo includes cytokines, growth factors, organelles (mitochondria and proteasomes), nucleic acids (messenger and non‐coding RNA), transcription factors, and autoantigens. EVs may thus contribute to intercellular communication by facilitating exchange of material between cells. EVs also interact with other molecules secreted by cells. In autoimmune diseases, EVs are associated with antibodies secreted by B cells. By definition, EVs necessarily comprise a phospholipid moiety, which is thus the target of secreted phospholipases also abundantly expressed in the extracellular milieu. We discuss how platelet‐derived EVs, which represent the majority of the circulating EVs, may contribute to immunity through the activity of their cargo or in combination with the secretory interactome.
An optimization method for characterizing two groups of data
Authors: Salehipour Amir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFeature selection aims to choose a subset of features, out of the set of candidate features, such that the selected set best represents the whole in a particular aspect. We propose an optimization model for the problem of selecting features in the presence of two groups of data. The objectives include minimizing the number of selected features and maximizing similarities within the same group and differences between different groups. We use the lexicographic method and prove several properties of the problem. We show that obtaining even feasible solutions for the problem can be challenging. Therefore, we propose matheuristic algorithms. We test our algorithms on both randomly generated and real‐world datasets. The computational results indicate that the proposed matheuristics deliver quality solutions in a reasonable amount of time.
Rare left‐sided accessory pathway successfully ablated with atrial insertion site at the left‐side fossa ovalis
Authors: Yang Hongliang , Sun Huan , Li Ying , Si Daoyuan , Zhang Wenqi , He Yuquan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Left‐sided accessory pathway (AP) with atrial insertion away from the annulus is an atypical variation. Conventional mapping and ablation performed along mitral annulus (MA) is usually ineffective.Methods: A 14‐year‐old girl without structural heart disease presented with recurrent episodes of sudden onset palpitations and electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a narrow QRS complex tachycardia.Results: Electrophysiology study (EPS) was done and anterograde atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) with AP was diagnosed. Conventional mapping and ablation performed along TA and MA was failed. 3D‐activation mapping found the retrograde atrial insertion site of AP on the left atrium fossa ovalis (FO), and AP was successfully abolished by radiofrequency ablation at that site.Conclusion: As reported, this patient is the first report of ablating a left‐sided AP with retrograde atrial insertion on the left atrium FO.
Pharmacist‐driven interventions to de‐escalate urinary antimuscarinics in the Programs of All‐Inclusive Care for the Elderly
Authors: Ha Meghan , Furman Anna , Al Rihani Sweilem B. , Michaud Veronique , Turgeon Jacques , Bankes David L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven associations with serious cognitive and physical adverse effects (e.g., dementia, falls), strong anticholinergics, like urinary antimuscarinics (UAMs), should be avoided in older adults. This feasibility study aimed to (1) evaluate the implementation rate of pharmacists' recommendations intended to de‐escalate UAMs, (2) quantify the change in overall anticholinergic dosing exposure from these recommendations, and (3) investigate factors that predict recommendation implementation.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational, before‐and‐after study. Pharmacists (n = 18) devised strategies to de‐escalate UAMs in 187 participants (mean age 72.4 ± 9.4; 77.0% female; mean number of medications 12.9 ± 4.6) of 35 Programs of All‐Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE). PACE prescribers (non‐physicians and physicians) determined whether to implement recommendations. Implementation was defined as a change in the prescription records consistent with the pharmacist's recommendation at 2‐, 4‐, 6‐, and 9‐months post‐recommendation. Anticholinergic dosing exposure was measured at each time point using standardized daily doses (SDD). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors that predicted recommendation implementation.ResultsAcross 9 months, recommendations were implemented in 118 out of 187 participants, yielding a 63.1% implementation rate. Of these, 77.1% (n = 91/118) implemented by month 2. Implementers' mean overall anticholinergic SDD decreased 65.4% from baseline (baseline: 2.6 [95% CI: 2.2, 3.0] to month 9: 0.9 [95% CI: 0.6,1.2], p < 0.001) whereas non‐implementers demonstrated no significant change (p = 0.52). Taking <10 baseline medications (OR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.09, 7.61); baseline UAM SDD ≥2 (OR 2.20; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.44); uncomplicated recommendations (OR 3.38; 95% CI: 1.67–7.03); and baseline calcium channel blocker use (OR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.09, 4.52) predicted implementation.ConclusionOur high implementation rate indicates that pharmacists' recommendations to de‐escalate UAMs as a way to reduce overall anticholinergic exposure is feasible in medically complex, community‐dwelling older adults. Future research should investigate whether these recommendations benefit cognitive (e.g., delirium, dementia) and/or physical functioning (e.g., falls).