bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative taxonomy tests possible hybridisation between Central Asian cerambycids (Coleoptera)
Authors: Karpiński Lech , Gorring Patrick , Hilszczański Jacek , Szczepański Wojciech T. , Plewa Radosław , Łoś Krzysztof , Cognato Anthony I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHybridisation can lead to the formation of new evolutionary lineages and some described insect species may in fact be first‐generation hybrids of their parental species. Anoplistes forticornis and A. galusoi are two closely related cerambycid taxa endemic to Central Asia that exhibit a peculiar geographical distribution. Although the common diagnostic elytral pattern makes these beetles superficially easily distinguishable, there are marked resemblances in their morphology. By applying an integrative taxonomy approach, we verify the taxonomic status of A. forticornis and A. galusoi and test the possibility of hybridisation. The results of our comprehensive morphological examination and molecular analyses targeting mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) and nuclear (arginine kinase, CAD, 28S rRNA) genes support the specific status of these taxa. In mtDNA, the putative hybrid specimen is more closely related to A. forticornis, which indicates that a female of this species bred with a male of A. galusoi. The supposed ecotypic variability (manifested in elytral pattern) is apparently not related to the topography or spatial structure of habitat. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports a peripatric scenario in which populations of the common ancestor had been separated for a significant period of time, first by the mountain ranges of Dzungarian Alatau (~11–10 Ma) and ultimately by the Ili River. The diverged taxa came into recent secondary contact following these isolation events. The methodology presented herein can be widely applied to identify first‐generation hybridisation in Coleoptera.
Alteration in facial skin blood flow during acute exposure to −10 and −30° head‐down tilt in young human volunteers
Authors: Kurazumi Takuya , Kato Tomokazu , Konishi Toru , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Facial skin blood flow (SBF) might increase during head‐down tilt (HDT). However, the effect of HDT on facial SBF remains controversial. In addition, the changes in facial SBF in the cheek (cheek SBF) during a steeper angle of HDT (>−12° HDT) have not been investigated.
What is the main finding and its importance?
This study showed that cheek SBF decreased during −30° HDT, alongside increased vascular resistance. Furthermore, vascular impedance was suggested to be elevated, accompanied by an increased hydrostatic pressure gradient caused by HDT. Constriction of the facial skin vascular bed and congestion of venous return owing to the steep angle of HDT can decrease facial SBF.
AbstractHead‐down tilt (HDT) has been used to simulate microgravity in ground‐based studies and clinical procedures including the Trendelenburg position or in certain surgical operations. Facial skin blood flow (SBF) might be altered by HDT, but the effect of a steeper angle of HDT (>−12° HDT) on facial SBF remains unclear. We examined alterations in facial SBF in the cheek (cheek SBF) using two different angles (−10 and −30°) of HDT and lying horizontal (0°) in a supine position for 10 min, to test the hypothesis that cheek SBF would increase with a steeper angle of HDT. Cheek SBF was measured continuously by laser Doppler flowmetry. Cheek skin vascular resistance and the pulsatility index of cheek SBF were calculated to assess the circulatory effects on the facial skin vascular bed in the cheek. Cheek SBF decreased significantly during −30° HDT. In addition, the resistance in cheek SBF increased significantly during −30° HDT. The pulsatility index of cheek SBF increased during both −10 and −30° HDT. Contrary to our hypothesis, cheek SBF decreased during −30° HDT along with increased skin vascular resistance. Vascular impedance, estimated by the pulsatility index in the cheek SBF, was elevated during both −10 and −30° HDT, and elevated vascular impedance would be related to increased hydrostatic pressure induced by HDT. Skin vascular constriction and venous return congestion would be induced by −30° HDT, leading to deceased cheek SBF. The present study suggested that facial SBF in the cheek decreased during acute exposure to a steep angle of HDT (∼−30° HDT).
Sodium channels and the ionic microenvironment of breast tumours
Authors: Leslie Theresa K. , Brackenbury William J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancers of epithelial origin such as breast, prostate, cervical, gastric, colon and lung cancer account for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Better treatment of metastasis, the main cause of cancer deaths, is therefore urgently required. Several of these tumours have been shown to have an abnormally high concentration of Na+ ([Na+]) and emerging evidence points to this accumulation being due to elevated intracellular [Na+]. This poses intriguing questions about the cellular mechanisms underlying Na+ dysregulation in cancer, and its pathophysiological significance. Elevated intracellular [Na+] may be due to alterations in activity of the Na+/K+‐ATPase, and/or increased influx via Na+ channels and Na+‐linked transporters. Maintenance of the electrochemical Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane is vital to power many cellular processes that are highly active in cancer cells, including glucose and glutamine import. Na+ channels are also upregulated in cancer cells, which in turn promotes tumour growth and metastasis. For example, ENaC and ASICs are overexpressed in cancers, increasing invasion and proliferation. In addition, voltage‐gated Na+ channels are also upregulated in a range of tumour types, where they promote metastatic cell behaviours via various mechanisms, including membrane potential depolarisation and altered pH regulation. Together, recent findings relating to elevated Na+ in the tumour microenvironment and how this may be regulated by several classes of Na+ channels provide a link between altered Na+ handling and poor clinical outcome. There are new opportunities to leverage this altered Na+ microenvironment for therapeutic benefit, as exemplified by several ongoing clinical trials.
image
Kinematics and Stiffness Modeling of Soft Robot With a Concentric Backbone
Authors: Xiao Qingyu , Musa Mishek , Godage Isuru S. , Su Hao , Chen Yue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Soft robots can undergo large elastic deformations and adapt to complex shapes. However, they lack the structural strength to withstand external loads due to the intrinsic compliance of fabrication materials (silicone or rubber). In this paper, we present a novel stiffness modulation approach that controls the robot’s stiffness on-demand without permanently affecting the intrinsic compliance of the elastomeric body. Inspired by concentric tube robots, this approach uses a Nitinol tube as the backbone, which can be slid in and out of the soft robot body to achieve robot pose or stiffness modulation. To validate the proposed idea, we fabricated a tendon-driven concentric tube (TDCT) soft robot and developed the model based on Cosserat rod theory. The model is validated in different scenarios by varying the joint-space tendon input and task-space external contact force. Experimental results indicate that the model is capable of estimating the shape of the TDCT soft robot with an average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.90 (0.56% of total length) mm and average tip error of 1.49 (0.93% of total length) mm. Simulation studies demonstrate that the Nitinol backbone insertion can enhance the kinematic workspace and reduce the compliance of the TDCT soft robot by 57.7%. Two case studies (object manipulation and soft laparoscopic photodynamic therapy) are presented to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed design.
Liquid-phase purification for multi-tonne xenon detectors
Authors: Plante G. , Aprile E. , Howlett J. , Zhang Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs liquid xenon detectors grow in scale, novel techniques are required to maintain sufficient purity for charges to survive across longer drift paths. The Xeclipse facility at Columbia University was built to test the removal of electronegative impurities through cryogenic filtration powered by a liquid xenon pump, enabling a far higher mass flow rate than gas-phase purification through heated getters. In this paper, we present results from Xeclipse, including measured oxygen removal rates for two sorbent materials, which were used to guide the design and commissioning of the XENONnT liquid purification system. Thanks to this innovation, XENONnT has achieved an electron lifetime greater than $${10}\,\hbox {ms}$$

10

ms

in an $$\sim {8.6}{\text {tonne}}$$

∼

8.6

tonne

total mass, perhaps the highest purity ever measured liquid xenon detector.
Obstacles from interstellar matters and distortion in warp drive superluminal travel scenario
Authors: Bian Siyu , Wang Yi , Wang Zun , Zhu Mian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate obstacles of superluminal “warp drive” travels from interactions with interstellar matter and from curvature effects. The effect of collision of interstellar dust particles and photons with the spacecraft will all lead to a pressure proportional to the apparent velocity of the spaceship $$v_s$$

v
s

. The force exerted on the spacecraft from the curvature effect has two non-trivial components. The radial and longitudinal components scales as $$v_s^2$$

v
s
2

and $$v_s^4$$

v
s
4

respectively. The above obstacles become increasingly important when the spaceship travels at high superluminal speeds.
Weak $$\Xi _{QQ} \rightarrow \Sigma _Q \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$ decays induced by FCNC in QCD
Authors: Aliev T. M. , Savci M. , Bilmis S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the discovery of the doubly heavy $$\Xi _{cc}$$

Ξ

cc

baryon, comprehensive studies of the properties of the doubly heavy baryons are started. In the present work, we examine the $$\Xi _{bb} \rightarrow \Sigma _b \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Ξ

bb

→

Σ
b

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

and $$\Xi _{cc} \rightarrow \Sigma _c \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Ξ

cc

→

Σ
c

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays induced by flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) in the framework of the light-cone sum rules. After obtaining the sum rules for the form factors induced by the tensor current, the branching ratios of the relevant transitions are estimated. We found that the branching ratio for the $$c \rightarrow u$$

c
→
u

transition is around five orders smaller than the $$b \rightarrow d$$

b
→
d

transition. Our findings are also compared with other approaches.
Russian–Chinese Cooperation at the United Nations Security Council: Costly Signalling and Trust Building in the Strategic Partnership
Authors: Machaffie James P. 
Published: October 2022

China and Russia have a demonstrable record of coordinating their votes at the United Nations Security Council over the past 12 years. China, in particular, has coordinated its vetoes to align with Russia, while Russia still uses its veto in isolation of other states, except for Chinese abstentions. It is widely acknowledged in the literature on Chinese–Russian foreign relations that the two states are in a strategic partnership; however, there is open debate as to how long this partnership can be sustained. Both China and Russia seem to value the partnership, but trust-building is needed to sustain it due to the growing power imbalance between them. One way that trust can be built is through costly signalling, which provides reassurances to the receiving state that the signaller has benign intentions. This article argues that China is engaged in costly signalling to Russia by aligning its votes with Moscow at the expense of angering the other permanent members of the Security Council—the United States, France and the United Kingdom—which in turn sours the relations between them. China is attempting to reassure Russia, the weaker partner, that it still values their friendship, and Russia has reciprocated by relying more on China.
Novel tooling for direct melt impregnation of textile with variotherm injection moulding: Methodology and proof of concept
Authors: Werlen Vincent , Rytka Christian , Wegmann Stephanie , Philipp Halime , Khalaf Yara , Michaud Véronique , Brauner Christian , Dransfeld Clemens 
Published: October 2022

Thermoplastic compression resin transfer moulding coupled with injection moulding is an appealing process for the production of thermoplastic composites. However, its implementation at an industrial scale remains challenging as variotherm injection moulding could prevent solid skin formation in the parting line, making cavity sealing difficult. In this study, a tool for thermoplastic compression resin transfer moulding and the related methods and process parameters for an implementation at an industrial scale are presented. The validity of the concept is proved by producing and characterizing composite plates with elevated fibre volume fractions and advantageous mechanical properties at a range of production temperatures within a cycle time not exceeding 20 min. The best mechanical properties were obtained at a production temperature of 270°C with a bending strength of 477 MPa, a flexural modulus measured at 25.7 GPa and a fibre volume content of 67%.
Framework and Overview of a State-Wide College Mental Health Program in Kerala, India
Authors: Jaisoorya T. S.  , Joseph Shiju , Kalarani K. S.  , Menon Maya , Smita G. S.  , Shini V. S.  , Jose Sheril Elizabeth , Mahesh M. M.  , Shibu K  , Sujisha T. G.  , Jayaprakashan K. P.  , Kiran P. S.  , Anil Kumar T. V.  , Vigneshwari V.  , Titus Usha 
Published: October 2022

Background: Mental health issues are common among college students, and structured services have been proven to enhance outcomes. Despite increased enrolment for higher education in India, college mental health services remain sparse. JEEVANI is the first structured state-wide college mental health service in India. This paper describes its framework and provides an overview of its functioning during the initial five months. Methods: In 2019–2020, the Directorate of Collegiate Education, Government of Kerala, implemented the program in 66 colleges catering to approximately 60,000 students. Qualified counsellors were trained to identify issues and provide interventions and early referrals, using a stepped-care approach. They conducted awareness programs to promote mental health and reduce stigma. Results: The services were accessed by 2,315 students during the assessment period (October 2019 to February 2020). The beneficiaries were predominantly females (54.1%). Over a third (38.8%) belonged to the lower socio-economic strata, and 2.5% had significant vulnerabilities. Although no syndromal diagnoses were made, anxiety and depression were the most common presentations. The counsellors provided 3,758 individual sessions and facilitated support for students who reported academic difficulties or interpersonal issues. Severe mental illness was detected in 54 students, and referrals for specialist mental health input were initiated in 68. Conclusion: Describing the framework, sharing the technical material, and providing an overview of its functioning from a resource-constrained setting in India may encourage higher education institutions in low- and middle-income countries to consider similar projects.
Piero Sraffa—Doing ‘History in Reverse’
Authors: Rahim Eric 
Published: October 2022

This article follows a suggestion made by Piero Sraffa in the late 1920s about the writing of his book that was published in 1960—a suggestion that he did not follow. The suggestion consisted in the writing of a history of political economy, starting with the ideas of the French Physiocrats, and its further development by Adam Smith and David Ricardo. This history was intended as an introduction to the 1960 book. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the ‘central propositions’ of the 1960 book, seen as a rigorous theoretical statement of the political economy of these ‘old’ economists. JEL Code: J12
U“AI” Testing: User Interface and Usability Testing of a Chest X-ray AI Tool in a Simulated Real-World Workflow
Authors: Lam Shin Cheung Jeffrey , Ali Amna , Abdalla Mohamed , Fine Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To observe interactions of practicing radiologists with a chest x-ray AI tool and evaluate its usability and impact on workflow efficiency. Methods: Using a simulated clinical workflow and remote multi-monitor screensharing, we prospectively assessed the interactions of 10 staff radiologists (5–33 years of experience) with a PACS-embedded, regulatory-approved chest x-ray AI tool. Qualitatively, we collected feedback using a think-aloud method and post-testing semi-structured interview; transcript themes were categorized by: (1) AI tool features, (2) deployment considerations, and (3) broad human-AI interactions. Quantitatively, we used time-stamped video recordings to compare reporting and decision-making efficiency with and without AI assistance. Results: For AI tool features, radiologists appreciated the simple binary classification (normal vs abnormal) and found the heatmap essential to understand what the AI considered abnormal; users were uncertain of how to interpret confidence values. Regarding deployment considerations, radiologists thought the tool would be especially helpful for identifying subtle diagnoses; opinions were mixed on whether the tool impacted perceived efficiency, accuracy, and confidence. Considering general human-AI interactions, radiologists shared concerns about automation bias especially when relying on an automated triage function. Regarding decision-making and workflow efficiency, participants began dictating 5 seconds later (42% increase, P = .02) and took 14 seconds longer to complete cases (33% increase, P = .09) with AI assistance. Conclusions: Radiologist usability testing provided insights into effective AI tool features, deployment considerations, and human-AI interactions that can guide successful AI deployment. Early AI adoption may increase radiologists’ decision-making and total reporting time but improves with experience.
A Comparison of Midazolam and Propofol for Deep Sedation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Requiring Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Authors: Addison Janci D. , Daley Mitchell J. , Curran Molly , Hodge Emily K. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The optimal agent for deep sedation in patients undergoing continuous infusion (CI) neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) use for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of propofol and midazolam in ARDS patients requiring CI NMBA. Methods: A multi-center, retrospective study was performed in mechanically ventilated (MV) adult patients requiring CI NMBA for management of ARDS. The primary outcome was to compare the time to liberation from MV in patients sedated with propofol vs midazolam. Results: In the 109 patients included, there was no difference in time to MV liberation with propofol as compared to midazolam (121 hr [Interquartile range (IQR) 67 195] vs 98 hr [IQR 48, 292], P = .72). Median time to sedation emergence after NMBA discontinuation was shorter in patients receiving propofol (12.9 hr [IQR 19.8, 72.5] vs 31.5 hr [IQR 6.4, 34.6], P < .01). There were no significant differences in time to therapeutic sedation, ICU stay, mortality, and adverse events. Conclusion: Propofol may be an effective and safe alternative to midazolam for patients undergoing CI NMBA for ARDS. Additionally, patients receiving propofol may have a quicker return to light sedation after NMBA discontinuation.
An Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project for Intravenous Levetiracetam Administration
Authors: Rublee Caitlin , Hynes Emilie Calvello , Paavola Nicole , Tremolet de Villers Kathryn , McLaughlin Julie 
Published: October 2022

Background: Levetiracetam is a readily available, safe anticonvulsive medication. It is frequently administered as IV piggyback with a pump, carrier fluid, and tubing. The Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial demonstrated levetiracetam being similarly effective to previously used treatments in doses up to 4500 mg administered over 10 minutes. Objective: We sought to compare usage, cost, and waste of IV piggyback with IV push administration of levetiractam following implementation of an IV push protocol in an academic emergency department. Methods: A three-month review of levetiracetam administration was done following protocol implementation using IV push for initial treatment of benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus. The review quantified the number of IV push vs IV piggyback doses for all indications and evaluated cost of supplies necessary for administration. Results: During the study period, 137 patients received 142 doses of IV levetiracetam. Fifty-one doses (36%) were given as IV push rather than IV piggyback. The majority of doses 116 (82%) were 1000-2000 mg and 11 doses (8%) 3500-4500 mg. Estimated three-month savings with complete transition of IV piggyback to IV push would exceed $6000 just in our ED. The amount of sterile solution carrier fluid was also reduced and IV pump time freed. Conclusion: Implementation of an emergency department IV push levetiracetam protocol resulted in cost savings. Opportunities remain to improve clinical implementation practices. Medication administration represents one crucial target area where healthcare systems can implement policies to reduce waste and commit to climate-smart health care.
Experimental study on the heat transfer performance and dimensionless correlations for R134a spray cooling system
Authors: Zhou Nianyong , Guo Yixing , Liu Wenbo , Peng Haoping , Lei Yun , Deng Song , Feng Hao , Xu Yu 
Published: October 2022

Spray cooling is a promising and effective cooling method, which may be used to solve the heat dissipation problem of high-power electronic components. In this paper, the influences of flow rate, sub-cooling degree, and refrigerant charge on the spray cooling heat transfer performance with R134a as the working fluid were experimentally studied. Results showed that the enhancement effect of the increase of sub-cooling degree on the heat transfer performance is very limited in this experiment. When the sub-cooling degree rises from 5 to 8 K, the heat transfer coefficient increases by 2.6% on average at lower heat flux (45.93–72.55 W/cm2). The increase of refrigerant charge can effectively improve the heat transfer performance, especially at higher heat flux (84.02–105.25 W/cm2). However, the Jacobian number decreases with the increase of the refrigerant charge, which hinders the improvement of heat transfer performance at higher heat flux. Therefore, there is an optimal refrigerant charge of 1.05 kg in this experiment. In addition, based on the experimental data, a Nusselt number dimensionless correlation of R134a solution with higher prediction accuracy was proposed.