bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry compared to magnetic resonance imaging for collecting measurements of the human bony pelvis
Authors: Decrausaz Sarah‐Louise , Shirley Meghan K. , Stock Jay T. , Williams Jane E. , Fewtrell Mary S. , Clark Chris A. , Arthurs Owen J. , Wells Jonathan C. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesImaging methods to measure the human pelvis in vivo provide opportunities to better understand pelvic variation and adaptation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high‐resolution images, but is more expensive than dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). We sought to compare pelvic breadth measurements collected from the same individuals using both methods, to investigate if there are systematic differences in pelvic measurement between these imaging methods.MethodsThree pelvic breadth dimensions (bi‐iliac breadth, bi‐acetabular breadth, medio‐lateral inlet breadth) were collected from MRI and DXA scans of a cross‐sectional sample of healthy, nulliparous adult women of South Asian ancestry (n = 63). Measurements of MRI and DXA pelvic dimensions were collected four times in total, with one baseline data collection session and three replications. Data collected from these sessions were averaged, used to calculate technical error of measurement and entered into a Bland–Altman analysis. Linear regression models were fitted with a given MRI pelvic measurement regressed on the same measurement collected from DXA scans, as well as MRI mean bias regressed on DXA mean bias.ResultsTechnical error of measurement was higher in DXA measurements of bi‐iliac breadth and medio‐lateral pelvic inlet breadth and higher for MRI measurements of bi‐acetabular breadth. Bland Altman analyses showed no statistically significant relationship between the mean bias of MRI and DXA, and the differences between MRI and DXA pelvic measurements.ConclusionsDXA measurements of pelvic breadth are comparable to MRI measurements of pelvic breadth. DXA is a less costly imaging technique than MRI and can be used to collect measurements of skeletal elements in living people.
ESAs Kometen‐Mission Rosetta – Neu‐Analyse der Daten des COSAC Massenspektrometers
Authors: Leseigneur Guillaume , Bredehöft Jan Hendrik , Gautier Thomas , Giri Chaitanya , Krüger Harald , MacDermott Alexandra J. , Meierhenrich Uwe J. , Caro Guillermo M. Muñoz , Raulin François , Steele Andrew , Steininger Harald , Szopa Cyril , Thiemann Wolfram , Ulamec Stephan , Goesmann Fred 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEs wird davon ausgegangen, dass das älteste weitgehend unveränderte Material aus der Frühphase des Sonnensystems in Form von Eis und Staub in Kometen vorliegt. Die ESA‐Mission Rosetta trug daher mit Philae eine Landeeinheit, die die Zusammensetzung des Nukleus von Komet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerassimenko in situ untersuchen sollte. Fünfundzwanzig Minuten nach dem ersten Bodenkontakt Philaes im November 2014 nahm das COSAC Flugzeit‐Massenspektrometer ein Spektrum der Gasphase des Kometen auf. Eine erneute Analyse dieses Spektrums mittels non‐negative least‐squares Fitting und einer Monte‐Carlo Simulation ergibt neue Erkenntnisse über die chemische Zusammensetzung des Kometen 67P. Insgesamt 12 organische Moleküle, von denen 9 bereits in der ersten Analyse der Daten identifiziert wurden, zeigen eine hohe statistische Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Präsenz im Eis des Kometen. Diese flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen mit zum Teil hoher Konzentration stellen die ersten molekularen Ingredienzien des frühen Sonnensystems dar.
Photocaging of Activity‐Based Ubiquitin Probes via a C‐Terminal Backbone Modification Strategy
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Jingnan , Hua Xiao , Meng Xianbin , Cai Hongyi , Wang Rongtian , Shi Jing , Deng Haiteng , Liu Lei , Li Yi‐Ming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotocaged, activity‐based ubiquitin (Ub) probes (Ub‐ABPs) have been developed for the time‐resolved probing of deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activities, but many Ub‐ABPs are still challenging to photocage because their warheads (e.g. propargylamide (PA) or dehydroalanine (Dha)) are difficult to temporally block and activate. Here, we describe a new C‐terminal backbone modification strategy for the construction of photocaged Ub‐ABPs in which a light‐sensitive group is placed at the backbone amide bond of the Ub Gly75. This strategy enabled the facile generation of cell‐permeable photocaged Ub‐PA and Dha probes that could be activated to capture DUBs after photo‐irradiation, and were used to profile DUBs in cells under specially designed conditions (e.g. in cells experiencing oxidative stress) or DUBs with isopeptide linkage selectivity. This backbone modification strategy is anticipated to provide a general solution for the development of photocaged Ub ABPs bearing any warheads for DUB profiling.
Multicolor Zinc(II)‐Coordinated Hydrazone‐Based Bistable Photoswitches for Rewritable Transparent Luminescent Labels
Authors: Ma Yun , Shen Jiandong , Zhao Jufu , Li Jiangang , Liu Shanying , Liu Chenyuan , Wei Juan , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRepeatable printing of invisible multicolor luminescence patterns with long retention times on transparent substrates is of significant importance, but it remains a formidable challenge. Here, two novel hydrazone‐based on/off fluorescent photoswitches with decent emission quantum efficiencies, good reversible photoisomerization properties, and extremely long thermal half‐lives, were designed and synthesized. Excitingly, X‐ray crystallography data of both Z and E isomers of one hydrazone‐based photoswitch were obtained. Multiple emission colors of blue, cyan, green, yellow, and orange can be obtained readily for these two photoswitches upon coordination with various zinc salts. Moreover, the photo‐controlled rewritable printing of invisible multicolor images with high resolution was achieved by using these photoswitches. Importantly, the legibility of the printed patterns can last at least over 3 months without detectable emission intensity loss under ambient conditions.
Textile functionalization by combination of twin polymerization and polyalkoxysiloxane‐based sol–gel chemistry
Authors: Kaßner Lysann , Zhu Xiaomin , Schaefer Karola , Chen Zhi , Moeller Martin , Uhlig Tina , Simon Frank , Dentel Doreen , Tegenkamp Christoph , Spange Stefan , Mehring Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe surface modification of textile fibers by coating with nanostructured organic–inorganic hybrid materials is presented. The hydrophobic, solvent resistant and mechanically robust coatings were produced by combining the twin monomer 2,2′‐spirobi[benzo‐4H‐1,3,2‐dioxasiline] (TM) and polyalkoxysiloxanes (silica precursor polymers) in a catalyzed polymerization process. For the application in textile finishing, both aqueous emulsions and ethanolic solutions of mixtures were developed. The precisely adjusted ratio of TM and polyalkoxysiloxanes enabled controlling of the organic and inorganic portions in the hybrid layer. The polymerization process can be advantageously combined with the ring‐opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (HMCTS). The resulting ethanolic twin prepolymer solutions and the polyethoxysiloxane emulsions were easy to handle and thus represent a novel and attractive binder for PET surfaces. The coated fabrics were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing hybrid material formation as a homogeneous, sealed surface layer. Improved hydrophobicity as well as resistance to mechanical stress was proven by water droplet‐ and Martindale tests.
Design of low cost waterborne polyvinyl alcohol coatings using plasticizer polyethylene glycol to minimize the residual solvent and coating defects
Authors: Rawat Manju , Ahuja Sanjeev 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWaterborne coatings provide nontoxicity and flame‐retardance but exhibit inefficient drying. The literature on drying enhancers is limited for the want of residual solvent minimization study. Here, we use polyethylene glycol‐6000 (PEG), a low cost biodegradable plasticizer, to minimize the residual solvent in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐water coatings. Coatings were prepared at different PEG loadings (0, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 wt%) and initial conditions. The maximum drop in the residual solvent was 87% at 0.50 wt% PEG loading in the coating of initially 5% PVA and 1000 μm thickness. The effect of doubling the initial wet thickness from 500 to 1000 μm was first examined. The minimum residual solvent significantly reduced from 1.30% to 0.59%, and occurred at the same PEG loading of 0.50 wt%. However, the drying time increased and drying rate slowed down remarkably. SEM results also revealed that at the optimum PEG loading a smooth and dense coating was obtained. Thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric studies showed improved thermal stability and differential scanning calorimetry showed little decrease in Tg at optimized PEG loading. When the initial polymer concentration was doubled from 5% to 10%, the optimum PEG loading lowered from 0.50 to 0 wt%. Simultaneously, a marked increase in the minimum residual solvent from 1.30% to 3.27% occurred, caused by the hydrophilicity of PVA and enhanced solution viscosity. On comparison with a fluorosurfactant (FS) modifier, PEG yields significantly better maximum reduction in residual solvent at substantially lower optimum loading by employing higher wet film thickness. Furthermore, PEG is significantly lower in cost and environmentally friendly than FS.
Recent Advances in 1,2‐Amino(hetero)arylation of Alkenes
Authors: Kwon Yungeun , Wang Qiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlkene amino(hetero)arylation presents a highly efficient and straightforward strategy for direct installation of amino groups and heteroaryl rings across a double bond simultaneously. An extensive array of practical transformations has been developedviaalkene difunctionalization approach to access a broad range of medicinally valuable (hetero)arylethylamine motifs. This review presents recent progress in 1,2‐amino(hetero)arylation of alkenes organized in three different modes. First, intramolecular transformations employingC, N‐tethered alkenes will be introduced. Next, two‐component reactions will be discussed with different combination of precursors,N‐tethered alkenes and external aryl precursor,C‐tethered alkenes and external amine precursor, orC, N‐tethered reagents, and alkenes. Last, three‐component intermolecular amino(hetero)arylation reactions will be covered.
Recent Advances in the Application and Mechanism of Carbon Dots/Metal‐Organic Frameworks Hybrids in Photocatalysis and the Detection of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Li Yuan , Jiang Xiao‐Xue , Xie Jia‐Xiu , Lv Yun‐kai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials with simple synthesis conditions, large specific surface area, structural diversity, and a wide range of interesting properties. The integration of MOFs with other materials can provide new multifunctional composites that exhibit both component properties and new characteristics. In recent years, the integration of carbon dots (CDs) into MOFs to form composites has shown improved optical properties and fascinating new characteristics. This review focuses on the design and synthesis strategies of CDs@MOFs composites (including pore‐confined synthesis, in situ encapsulation, post‐synthesis modification and impregnation method) and their recent research progress in photocatalysis and detection of environmental pollutants. Both the achievements and problems are evaluated and proposed, and the opportunities and challenges of CDs@MOF composite are discussed.
Case study of the downslope wind of Japan “Rokko‐oroshi”
Authors: Takimoto Ieyasu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Japan, several local strong winds that are unique to a particular region are known by names such as “oroshi,” “dashi,” and “kaze,” including Akagi‐oroshi and Kiyokawa‐dashi. In the area around Kobe City, northerly downslope winds from Mt. Rokko, or “Rokko‐oroshi,” blow. However, there have not been many studies on Rokko‐oroshi, and its nature is not yet fully known. In particular, the nature of Rokko‐oroshi in the middle of Mt. Rokko (34.7321°N, 135.2539°E) and temperature changes induced by the blow of Rokko‐oroshi have not been studied so far. For example, during the blowing of Rokko‐oroshi, wind speeds up to 12 m/s can be recorded at the downwind while experiencing a rapid temperature decrease of between 5 and 8°C. In this study, winds and temperatures in the middle of Mt. Rokko were observed to investigate the characteristics and temperature reduction effect of Rokko‐oroshi. First, characteristics of wind speed and direction in the middle of Mt. Rokko were clarified to determine the intensity and duration in which Rokko‐oroshi blew. Second, hourly changes in temperature, wind speed, and wind direction were analyzed to relate variations in wind speed and direction with temperature reductions upwind and downwind of Mt. Rokko and within Kobe City. Lastly, radiosonde measurements upwind and downwind of Mt. Rokko were inspected to elucidate the physical mechanisms necessary for the generation of Rokko‐oroshi.
Combining voice and language features improves automated autism detection
Authors: MacFarlane Heather , Salem Alexandra C. , Chen Liu , Asgari Meysam , Fombonne Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVariability in expressive and receptive language, difficulty with pragmatic language, and prosodic difficulties are all features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Quantifying language and voice characteristics is an important step for measuring outcomes for autistic people, yet clinical measurement is cumbersome and costly. Using natural language processing (NLP) methods and a harmonic model of speech, we analyzed language transcripts and audio recordings to automatically classify individuals as ASD or non‐ASD. One‐hundred fifty‐eight participants (88 ASD, 70 non‐ASD) ages 7 to 17 were evaluated with the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS‐2), module 3. The ADOS‐2 was transcribed following modified SALT guidelines. Seven automated language measures (ALMs) and 10 automated voice measures (AVMs) for each participant were generated from the transcripts and audio of one ADOS‐2 task. The measures were analyzed using support vector machine (SVM; a binary classifier) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The AVM model resulted in an ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7800, the ALM model an AUC of 0.8748, and the combined model a significantly improved AUC of 0.9205. The ALM model better detected ASD participants who were younger and had lower language skills and shorter activity time. ASD participants detected by the AVM model had better language profiles than those detected by the language model. In combination, automated measurement of language and voice characteristics successfully differentiated children with and without autism. This methodology could help design robust outcome measures for future research.Lay SummaryPeople with autism often struggle with communication differences which traditional clinical measures and language tests cannot fully capture. Using language transcripts and audio recordings from 158 children ages 7 to 17, we showed that automated, objective language and voice measurements successfully predict the child's diagnosis. This methodology could help design improved outcome measures for research.
Reducing prostate biopsies and magnetic resonance imaging with prostate cancer risk stratification
Authors: Davik Petter , Remmers Sebastiaan , Elschot Mattijs , Roobol Monique J. , Bathen Tone Frost , Bertilsson Helena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo recalibrate and validate the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer risk calculators (ERSPC RCs) 3/4 and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐ERSPC‐RCs to a contemporary Norwegian setting to reduce upfront prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and prostate biopsies.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively identified and entered all men who underwent prostate mpMRI and subsequent prostate biopsy between January 2016 and March 2017 in a Norwegian centre into a database. mpMRI was reported using PI‐RADS v2.0 and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) defined as Gleason ≥ 3 + 4. Probabilities of csPCa and any prostate cancer (PCa) on biopsy were calculated by the ERSPC RCs 3/4 and the MRI‐ERSPC‐RC and compared with biopsy results. RCs were then recalibrated to account for differences in prevalence between the development and current cohorts (if indicated), and calibration, discrimination and clinical usefulness assessed.ResultsThree hundred and three patients were included. The MRI‐ERSPC‐RCs were perfectly calibrated to our cohort, although the ERSPC RCs 3/4 needed recalibration. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for the ERSPC RCs 3/4 was 0.82 for the discrimination of csPCa and 0.77 for any PCa. The AUC for the MRI‐ERSPC‐RCs was 0.89 for csPCa and 0.85 for any PCa. Decision curve analysis showed clear net benefit for both the ERSPC RCs 3/4 (>2% risk of csPCa threshold to biopsy) and for the MRI‐ERSPC‐RCs (>1% risk of csPCa threshold), with a greater net benefit for the MRI‐RCs. Using a >10% risk of csPCa or 20% risk of any PCa threshold for the ERSPC RCs 3/4, 15.5% of mpMRIs could be omitted, missing 0.8% of csPCa. Using the MRI‐ERSPC‐RCs, 23.4% of biopsies could be omitted with the same threshold, missing 0.8% of csPCa.ConclusionThe ERSPC RCs 3/4 and MRI‐ERSPC‐RCs can considerably reduce both upfront mpMRI and prostate biopsies with little risk of missing csPCa.
Increasing creative self‐efficacy: Developing the confidence of biochemistry undergraduates to innovate
Authors: Payne Simon Mark , Whitworth David Edward 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiochemistry graduates need to be creative, however assessing creativity requires the production of novelty, judged by or against that of peers. A related phenomenon is ‘creative self‐efficacy’ (CSE) – one's self‐belief in producing creative outcomes. CSE is a contributor to creativity, but is more easily assessed, and thus more amenable for targeting pedagogically. To investigate interactions between student CSE and the learning environment, a biochemistry laboratory exercise was deployed within a ‘creative’ module, wherein students created their own experimental protocols. Students completed questionnaires at the beginning and end of the module. Compared to ‘control’ modules lacking overtly creative activities, the creative module significantly increased students' perceptions of their own creativity and whether their studies had increased their creativity. Students' confidence in meeting degree learning outcomes (for instance the ability to work productively in a laboratory), and motivation to study, were also significantly increased. Marks attained from the creative exercise correlated with students' CSE, but surprisingly, students' expected marks correlated negatively with their CSE, implying they had a poor understanding of the relationship between creativity and success. Our results suggest that the learning environment can positively affect students' CSE, promoting academic attainment of learning outcomes, motivation, and their confidence as biochemists.
Proven and not proven: A potential alternative to the current Scottish verdict system
Authors: Curley Lee John , Munro James , Turner Jim , Frumkin Lara A. , Jackson Elaine , Lages Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current Scottish verdict system includes three verdicts: ‘guilty’, ‘not guilty’ and ‘not proven’. The Scottish Government are currently reviewing the utility of the not proven verdict. Proponents of the not proven verdict suggest that it directs jurors to their true role of determining whether the prosecution's case has, or has not, been ‘proven’. Reformists suggest a move to a system similar to England and Wales, with only guilty and not guilty verdicts. However, legal professionals have indicated a preference for an alternative system of proven and not proven. The aim of the current study was to test the effects of a proven and not proven system on verdicts given, when compared to alternative verdict systems (specifically, the current Scottish and Anglo‐American verdict systems). 227 mock jurors watched a staged murder trial, filmed in a real‐life courtroom, with legal professionals questioning witnesses and a judge giving legal direction. Jurors were significantly more likely to convict in a guilty and not guilty verdict system than either a proven and not proven or a guilty, not guilty and not proven verdict system. Future research should replicate this study with a focus on the impact of the not proven verdict in sexual offences.
Impact of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use, other substance use, and drug‐related offending among justice‐system‐involved youth
Authors: Kan Emily , Beardslee Jordan , Steinberg Laurence , Frick Paul J. , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study assessed whether cannabis use, other types of substance use, and drug‐related offending changed among 1216 justice‐system‐involved youth after recreational cannabis legalization. Using generalized estimating equation population‐averaged models, we compared youth in California, where recreational cannabis is legalized, and Pennsylvania, where recreational use is still prohibited. Results indicated that cannabis use, cannabis selling, and driving under the influences (DUIs) increased more among Pennsylvanian than Californian youth. We found no changes in alcohol or noncannabis drug use after legalization. Cigarette use did not change significantly among Pennsylvanian youth, but Californian youth exhibited decreased cigarette use after legalization. Although not directly tested in the present analysis, it is possible that changes in state‐level recreational cannabis policies throughout the U.S. may contribute to more permissive attitudes toward cannabis, which leads to higher use and use‐related outcomes. Future research should continue to consider the potential impacts of legalization on other types of risky and illegal behavior.
Exercise‐induced thoracic outlet syndrome and concomitant osteomyelitis in cervical rib with a possible familial origin: A case report
Authors: Bint I Bilal Ammara , Gul Mohammadshah Isam , Ata Fateen , Ibrahem Renan E. , Danjuma Muhammad I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCervical ribs are rare and usually asymptomatic. Occasionally, they can cause nerve impingements and compressive symptoms. In cervical ribs, osteomyelitis secondary to trauma is unheard of. We report such a case made more interesting by the familial presence of bilateral cervical ribs in two generations, indicating a familial origin.