bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Frailty, Age, and Biological Sex With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccine–Induced Immunity in Older Adults
Authors: Shapiro Janna R , Sitaras Ioannis , Park Han Sol , Aytenfisu Tihitina Y , Caputo Christopher , Li Maggie , Lee John , Johnston Trevor S , Li Huifen , Wouters Camille , Hauk Pricila , Jacobsen Henning , Li Yukang , Abrams Engle , Yoon Steve , Kocot Andrew J , Yang Tianrui , Huang Yushu , Cramer Steven M , Betenbaugh Michael J , Debes Amanda K , Morgan Rosemary , Milstone Aaron M , Karaba Andrew H , Pekosz Andrew , Leng Sean X , Klein Sabra L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Male sex and old age are risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019, but the intersection of sex and aging on antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines has not been characterized.

Methods
Plasma samples were collected from older adults (aged 75–98 years) before and after 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and from younger adults (aged 18–74 years) post-dose 2, for comparison. Antibody binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike protein [S], S receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid), functional activity against S, and live-virus neutralization were measured against the vaccine virus and the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs).

Results
Vaccination induced greater antibody titers in older females than in older males, with both age and frailty associated with reduced antibody responses in males but not females. Responses declined significantly in the 6 months after the second dose. The third dose restored functional antibody responses and eliminated disparities caused by sex, age, and frailty in older adults. Responses to the VOCs, particularly the Omicron variant, were significantly reduced relative to the vaccine virus, with older males having lower titers to the VOCs than older females. Older adults had lower responses to the vaccine and VOC viruses than younger adults, with greater disparities in males than in females.

Conclusions
Older and frail males may be more vulnerable to breakthrough infections owing to low antibody responses before receipt of a third vaccine dose. Promoting third dose coverage in older adults, especially males, is crucial to protecting this vulnerable population.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Prioritization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries May Justifiably Depart From High-Income Countries’ Age Priorities
Authors: Eyal Nir , Gheaus Anca , Gosseries Axel , Magalhaes Monica , Ngosso Thierry , Steuwer Bastian , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Trifan Isa , Williams Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In high-income countries that were first to roll out coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, older adults have thus far usually been prioritized for these vaccines over younger adults. Age-based priority primarily resulted from interpreting evidence available at the time, which indicated that vaccinating the elderly first would minimize COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations. The World Health Organization counsels a similar approach for all countries. This paper argues that some low- and middle-income countries that are short of COVID-19 vaccine doses might be justified in revising this approach and instead prioritizing certain younger persons when allocating current vaccines or future variant-specific vaccines.
La Crosse Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Children: A Contemporary Analysis of Clinical/Neurobehavioral Outcomes and Predictors of Disease Severity
Authors: Boutzoukas Angelique E , Freedman Daniel A , Koterba Christine , Hunt Garrett W , Mack Kathy , Cass Jennifer , Yildiz Vedat O , de los Reyes Emily , Twanow Jaime , Chung Melissa G , Ouellette Christopher P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common neuroinvasive arboviral infection in children in the United States. However, data regarding predictors of disease severity and neurologic outcome are limited. Additionally, long-term neurologic and neurobehavioral outcomes remain relatively sparse.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study, followed by recruitment for a cross-sectional analysis of long-term neurobehavioral outcomes, among children aged 0–18 years with proven or probable LACV neuroinvasive disease (LACV-ND) between January 2009 and December 2018. Case ascertainment was assured by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes cross-referenced with laboratory results detecting LACV. Demographics, diagnostics, radiographs, and outcomes were evaluated. Recruitment of patients with prior diagnosis of LACV-ND occurred from January 2020 to March 2020, with assessment performed by validated pediatric questionnaires.

Results
One-hundred fifty-two children (83 males; median age, 8 years [interquartile range, 5–11.5 years]) were diagnosed with proven (n = 61 [47%]) and probable (n = 91 [60%]) LACV-ND. Sixty-five patients (43%) had severe disease. Altered mental status (AMS) (odds ratio [OR], 6.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.03–19.95]; P = .0002) and seizures at presentation (OR, 10.31 [95% CI, 3.45–30.86]; P = .0001) were independent predictors of severe disease. Epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) were independently associated with epilepsy diagnosis at follow-up (OR, 13.45 [95% CI, 1.4–128.77]; P = .024). Fifty-four patients were recruited for long-term neurobehavioral follow-up, with frequent abnormal assessments identified (19%–54%) irrespective of disease severity.

Conclusions
Severe disease was observed frequently among children with LACV-ND. Seizures and AMS at presentation were independent predictors of severe disease. EEG may help determine long-term epilepsy risk. Long-term neurobehavioral issues are frequent and likely underrecognized among children with LACV-ND.
Higher In Vivo Fecal Concentrations of Clostridioides difficile Toxins A and B in Patients With North American Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Type 1/Ribotype 027 Strain Infection
Authors: Alonso Carolyn D , Pollock Nira R , Garey Kevin W , Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Williams David N , Daugherty Kaitlyn , Cuddemi Christine , Villafuerte-Gálvez Javier , White Nicole C , Chen Xinhua , Xu Hua , Sprague Rebecca , Barrett Caitlin , Miller Mark , Foussadier Agnès , Lantz Aude , Banz Alice , Kelly Ciarán P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ultrasensitive, quantitative Clostridioides difficile stool toxin measurement demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of toxins A and B in patients infected with the North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1/ribotype 027 (NAP-1/027) strain compared with other strains, providing in vivo confirmation of the in vitro association between NAP-1/027 and elevated toxin production.
An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation in Knee Surgery Patients
Authors: Tenan Matthew S , Dekker Travis , Dickens Jonathan F 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionPatient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) have been suggested for use in measuring treatment effectiveness. To minimize patient burden, two approaches have been proposed: An orthopedic-specific Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) or computer adaptive testing methods such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). The goal of this work was to examine the constructs measured by the SANE and PROMIS system in a military orthopedic population undergoing knee surgery.Materials and MethodsIn 732 patients and 2,166 complete observations, the SANE-Knee PRO and PROMIS surveys for Depression, Anxiety, Pain Interference, Sleep Disturbance, and Physical Function were obtained. A correlation matrix between the PROs was calculated, the number of latent factors to extract was determined via parallel plot, and the final principal axis exploratory factor analysis was performed.ResultsThe parallel plot analysis indicated that two latent factors existed. One latent factor corresponded to measures of psychological distress (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance, Depression, and Anxiety) and the second latent factor corresponded to physical capability (SANE, PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Sleep Disturbance). Both PROMIS Physical Function (0.83) and Pain Interference (−0.80) more strongly weigh on the physical capability latent factor than SANE (0.69).ConclusionsIn a knee surgical population, the SANE, PROMIS Physical Function, and PROMIS Pain Interference measure the same human dimension of physical capability; however, PROMIS Physical Function and Pain Interference may measure this construct more effectively in isolation. The SANE may be a more viable option to gauge physical capability when computer adaptive testing is not possible.
Daily Written Care Summaries for Families of Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial*
Authors: Greenberg Jared A. , Basapur Santosh , Quinn Thomas V. , Bulger Jeffrey L. , Schwartz Nathaniel H. , Oh Soo Kyung , Ritz Ethan M. , Glover Crystal M. , Shah Raj C. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effect of daily written updates on the satisfaction and psychologic symptoms of families of ICU patients.

DESIGN:
Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:
Single, urban academic medical center.

SUBJECTS:
Surrogates of nondecisional, critically ill adults with high risk of mortality (n = 252) enrolled from June 2019 to January 2021.

INTERVENTIONS:
Usual communication with the medical team with or without written communication detailing the suspected cause and management approach of each ICU problem, updated each day.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Participants completed surveys at three time points during the ICU stay: enrollment (n = 252), 1 week (n = 229), and 2 weeks (n = 109) after enrollment. Satisfaction with care was measured using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI). The presence of anxiety, depression, and acute stress were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R). CCFNI, HADS, and IES-R scores were similar among participants assigned to the intervention group and control group upon enrollment and during the first week after enrollment (p > 0.05). From enrollment to the second week after enrollment, there was an improvement in CCFNI and HADS scores among participants assigned to the intervention group versus the control group. At week 2, CCFNI scores were significantly lower among participants in the intervention group versus the control group, indicating greater satisfaction with care: 15.1 (95% CI, 14.2–16.0) versus 16.4, (95% CI, 15.5–17.3); p = 0.04. In addition, 2 weeks after enrollment, the odds of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and acute stress among participants assigned to the intervention versus control group were 0.16 (95% CI, 0.03–0.82; p = 0.03); 0.15 (95% CI, 0.01–1.87; p = 0.14); and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.06–1.27; p = 0.10), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Written communication improved satisfaction and the emotional well-being of families of critically ill patients, supporting its use as a supplement to traditional communication approaches.
Clinical Utility of Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test in Differentiating Multifocal Motor Neuropathy From Progressive Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Watanabe Shunsuke , Sekiguchi Kenji , Noda Yoshikatsu , Matsumoto Riki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To evaluate the utility of repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNS) for differentiating multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and progressive muscular atrophy (PMA).

Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled 20 patients with MMN or PMA. We extracted the results of the initial 3-Hz RNS in the ulnar and accessory nerves and compared the percentage and frequency of abnormal decremental responses between both groups.

Results:
RNS was performed in 8 ulnar and 9 accessory nerves in patients with MMN, and in 8 ulnar and 10 accessory nerves in patients with PMA. Patients with MMN had a significantly lower decrement percentage (0.6 ± 4.0% in MMN vs. 10.3 ± 6.5% in PMA, P < 0.01) and frequency of abnormal decremental response (0 of 9 in MMN vs. 6 of 10 in PMA, P = 0.01) than patients with PMA in the accessory nerve.

Conclusions:
The RNS has clinical utility for differentiating MMN from PMA.
The interface of condensates of the hnRNPA1 low complexity domain promotes formation of amyloid fibrils
Authors: Linsenmeier Miriam , Faltova Lenka , Palmiero Umberto Capasso , Seiffert Charlotte , Küffner Andreas M. , Pinotsi Dorothea , Zhou Jiangtao , Mezzenga Raffaele , Arosio Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe maturation of liquid-like protein condensates into amyloid fibrils has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we analyze the amyloid formation mediated by condensation of the low-complexity domain of hnRNPA1, a protein involved in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We show that phase separation and fibrillation are connected but distinct processes which are independently mediated by different regions of the protein sequence. By monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of amyloid formation we demonstrate that the formation of fibrils does not occur homogeneously inside the droplets but is promoted at the interface of the condensates. Consistently, we further show that coating the interface of the droplets with surfactant molecules inhibits fibril formation. Our results indicate that the interface of biomolecular condensates can act as an important catalyst for fibril formation, and therefore could represent a possible therapeutic target against the formation of aberrant amyloids mediated by condensation.
Novel model of rotor design to increase the air gap flux of superconducting generator
Authors: Antipov Viktor N. , Ivanova Anna V. , Grozov Andrei D. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate a novel rotor design model to improve the technical performance of a superconducting synchronous generator.

Design/methodology/approach
Superconducting synchronous generators with a modular rotating cryostat for a single coil of the superconducting winding instead of an old-style single cryostat in which all rotor components are cold are briefly discussed. Subsequently, a new method of cryostat arrangement in the magnetic system of a rotor is considered. Different options were compared for the cryostat placement. The advantages of the novel rotor design model are noted.

Findings
In the novel rotor design model, the leakage coefficient of the excitation winding decreases, and the air gap magnetic flux increases, which will save on a superconductor material.

Research limitations/implications
For the purposes of this investigation, a finite element study of flux distribution in the cross section of a superconducting synchronous generator with a 10 MW rating at 10 rpm was conducted, and the magnetic fluxes and air gap flux densities were obtained for different modes. For direct-drive superconducting synchronous generators with distributed winding and different pole numbers, the calculations of magnetic fluxes were carried out by calculating the magnetic conductivities.

Originality/value
A new method of the cryostat arrangement in the magnetic system of a rotor has been classified as an invention and was protected by a patent. This paper is directly applicable to the field of superconducting synchronous generators.
Declining industries in emerging economies and firms’ strategies
Authors: Tan Hao 
Published: May 2022

PurposeInternational business (IB) and strategy research in the context of emerging economies (EEs) has focused traditionally on the strategies of firms in and from those markets to seize opportunities arising from their economic growth. This paper aims to demonstrate that declining industries in EEs are an important but overlooked research context for critical IB scholarship and to illuminate special considerations for strategising under those conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides an overview of declining industries in EEs and includes an illustration of a sample of such industries in major EEs. This paper then critically reviews research on firms’ strategies in declining industries and extends that critical discussion to the EE context.FindingsFirstly, this paper provides evidence relating to declines in industries in EEs. Secondly, this paper identifies three major strategies that firms use in response to an industry decline and critically discusses those strategies’ manifestations and special considerations in the context of EEs.Social implicationsIndustry decline in EEs and the resultant responses of multi-national enterprises and local firms, such as business exit, market competition and firm diversification strategies, cause significant social challenges. This paper calls for further research on the phenomenon, especially regarding its distinctive ramifications compared with those in the context of developed countries.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the critical IB scholarship by questioning the assumptions around high economic growth in individual EE industries and by challenging a universalistic approach that applies findings grounded in declining industries in developed countries to the distinctive context of EEs. This paper also provides forward-looking expositions concerning industry decline in EEs.
Extension of the boundary integral method for different boundary conditions in steady-state Stokes flows
Authors: Das Sandipan Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The boundary integral method (BIM) provides unparalleled computational efficiency for solving problems wherever it is applicable. For Stokes flows, the BIM in its current form can only be applied to a limited class of problems that generally comprises boundaries with either specified velocity or stress. This study aims to radically extend the applicability by developing a general method within the BIM framework that can handle periodic, symmetry, zero normal-velocity gradient and the specified pressure boundary conditions. This study is limited in scope to steady-state flows.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed method introduces a set of points near the boundary for the symmetry, zero normal-velocity gradient and specified pressure boundary conditions. The formulation for the first two boundary conditions use a spatial discretization procedure within the BIM framework to arrive at a set of equations for the unknowns. The specified pressure boundary condition warrants the decomposition of the unknown traction term into simpler components before the discretization procedure can be executed. Though the new methodology is illustrated in detail for two-dimensional rectangular domains, it can be generalized to more complex three-dimensional cases. This will be the subject for future investigations.

Findings
The current endeavor has successfully demonstrated the incorporation of the above boundary conditions through simple Stokes flow problems like plane channel flow, flow through ribbed duct and plane wall jet. The predicted results matched adequately with either analytical solutions or with available literature data.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that the exit boundary conditions like zero normal-velocity gradient and specified pressure have been formulated within the BIM for Stokes flows. These boundary conditions are extremely powerful and the current research initiative has the potential to dramatically increase the range of applicability of the BIM for Stokes flow simulations.
The issuance of sukuks in China: prospects and challenges
Authors: Yang Tiezheng 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the feasibility of issuing sukuk in China and examine the regulatory issues related to the issuance of sukuk in China.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses SWOT analysis to explore China’s internal and external environments related to the issuance of sukuks and examines the application of sukuks as an alternative financing instrument in China.

Findings
As a unique financial instrument, a sukuk can assist in meeting China’s current financing needs. Moreover, it is feasible to issue a sukuk. China should be prepared to modify its legal system and set up a regulatory framework conducive to the issuance of sukuks. Furthermore, blockchain technology can be used to overcome certain limitations of sukuks.

Originality/value
This study provides a detailed analysis of sukuk issuances in China. This study discusses the issue of sukuk issuance in China from the perspective of finance and law.
Does herding behavior matter in investment management and perceived market efficiency? Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ahmad Maqsood , Wu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis article aims to clarify the mechanism by which herding behavior influences perceived market efficiency, investment decisions and the performance of individual investors actively trading on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).Design/methodology/approachThe deductive approach was used in this study, as the research is based on the theoretical framework of behavioral finance. A questionnaire and cross-sectional design were employed to collect data from the sample of 309 investors trading on the PSX. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS graphics software. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe article provides further empirical insights into the relationship between herding behavior and investment management and perceived market efficiency. The results suggest that herding behavior has a markedly negative influence on perceived market efficiency and investment performance, while positively influencing the decision-making of individual investors.Originality/valueThe current study is the first to focus on links between herding behavior and investment management activities and perceived market efficiency. This article enhances the understanding of the role that herding behavior plays in investment management and, more importantly, it improves understanding of behavioral aspects and their influence on investment decision-making in an emerging market. It also adds to the literature in the area of behavioral finance, specifically the role of herding behavior in investment management; this field is in its initial stage, even in developed countries, while little work has been done in developing countries.