bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral upper eyelid swelling (Hoagland sign) in Epstein–Barr infectious mononucleosis: prospective experience
Authors: Bronz Gabriel , Zanetti Benedetto P. E. S. M. , Bianchetti Mario G. , Milani Gregorio P. , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Neuhaus Thomas J. , Witschi Anne , Kottanattu Lisa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The typical presentation of Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis includes fever, pharyngitis, measles-like rash, jaundice, and enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen. A painless bilateral swelling of the upper eyelid, sometimes with drooping of the lateral aspect, may also occur. This sign, referred to as Hoagland sign, is not or only marginally mentioned in reviews and textbooks.

Methods
Between 2019 and 2021, two of us evaluated all subjects with a positive acute Epstein–Barr virus serology for the typical signs of mononucleosis and for the possible existence of the Hoagland sign.

Results
During the mentioned period, the diagnosis of mononucleosis was made in 26 (14 females and 12 males) subjects aged from 9.0 to 33 years. The initial presentation included fever in 24, enlarged cervical lymph nodes in 23, pharyngitis in 21, a palpable liver in 7, a palpable spleen in 7, jaundice in 2, and a measles-like rash in 2 cases. The Hoagland sign was noted in 14 cases. Patients with and without Hoagland sign did not significantly differ with respect to age and sex.

Conclusions
The Hoagland sign is an easily identifiable clinical sign that is common and likely helpful early in the course of Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. There is a need to expand awareness of this sign among physicians.
Managing Post-traumatic Olfactory Disorders
Authors: Konstantinidis Iordanis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This study aims to summarize and critically review recent literature on management of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD) with emphasis on the diagnostic procedure and treatment options.

Recent Findings
Magnetic resonance imaging and olfactory testing are the basis of the diagnostic procedure. Time of diagnosis is critical as the most improvement occurs within the first year after trauma. Olfactory training and oral steroids seem to be a relatively evidence-based therapeutic option but with non-optimal results. Surgery has a limited place in the management of PTOD. Promising future options could be the development of olfactory implants and transplantation of olfactory epithelium or stem cells.

Summary
PTOD management is challenging as it has several pathogenetic mechanisms and relatively poor prognosis. Patients with olfactory impairment and head trauma have diminished quality of life, and increased risk for harmful events and development of depression. Thus, clinicians should not only focus to therapeutic options but equally to appropriate counseling to their patients in order to decrease risks of personal injury and improve their daily life.
Investigations on influencing the microstructure of additively manufactured Co-Cr alloys to improve subsequent machining conditions
Authors: Eissel Antonia , Engelking Lorenz , Treutler Kai , Schroepfer Dirk , Wesling Volker , Kannengiesser Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCo-Cr alloys are frequently used for highly stressed components, especially in turbine and plant construction, due to their high resistance to thermal and mechanical stress, as well as to corrosive and abrasive loads. Furthermore, they are classified as difficult-to-cut materials because of their high strength and toughness as well as their low thermal conductivity. However, for Co, an increased cost and supply risk can be observed in recent years. Therefore, additive manufacturing (AM) offers significant economic advantages due to higher material efficiency regarding repair, modification, and manufacturing of such components. Concerning inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the microstructure and properties as well as manufacturing-related stresses, a lot of knowledge is still necessary for the economic use of additive welding processes in SMEs. In addition, subsequent machining, particularly contour milling, is essential to generate the required complex contours and surfaces. Hence, additive and machining manufacturing processes need to be coordinated in a complementary way, especially due to additional challenges arising in milling of heterogeneous hard-to-cut microstructures. Recently, it has been shown that modern, hybrid cutting processes, such as ultrasonic-assisted milling (US), can improve the cutting situation. In this investigation, the Co-Cr initial alloy is additionally modified with Ti and Zr up to 1 wt% with the aim to enhance the homogeneity of the microstructure and, thus, the machinability. Hence the investigation includes finish milling tests of the AM components and the comparison of US and conventional machining. Both the modifications and the ultrasonic assistance exhibit a significant effect on the machining situation; for example US causes a higher surface integrity of the finish milled surfaces compared to conventional milling.
Interpreting Microaggression as a Determinant of Wellbeing
Authors: Adedeji Adekunle , Olonisakin Tosin Tunrayo , Metzner Franka , Buchcik Johanna , Tsabedze Wandile , Boehnke Klaus , Idemudia Erhabor S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in exploring microaggression in the humanitarian context, there remains uncertainty on its mechanism for affecting life outcomes. There is a lack of studies on ethnic and racial minorities in non-western countries. The current research explores dimensions and manifestations of microaggression and how they affect wellbeing in a multicultural setting. The study uses a qualitative approach with 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 66 participants conducted in 4 provinces of South Africa: Gauteng (k = 6), North-West (k = 3), KwaZulu-Natal (k = 3), and Western Cape (k = 3). The recorded FGDs were transcribed using the intelligent verbatim technique. The transcripts were then analysed using a phenomenological approach. Data analysis was done stepwise using the deductive coding technique. Results show that participants’ perception of the dimensions of microaggression varies depending on the manifestation as verbal, behavioural, or systemic. Furthermore, variations in patterns and reactions to dimensions of microaggression were linked with participants’ racial identity. It further confirms that experiencing discrimination is associated with poorer wellbeing. Connectedness to the ingroup provides stability and certainty in multi-group societies due to the group rivalry that pervades such societies.
Heron triangles with two rational medians and Somos-5 sequences
Authors: Hone Andrew N. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriangles with integer length sides and integer area are known as Heron triangles. Taking rescaling freedom into account, one can apply the same name when all sides and the area are rational numbers. A perfect triangle is a Heron triangle with all three medians being rational, and it is a longstanding conjecture that no such triangle exists. However, Buchholz and Rathbun showed that there are infinitely many Heron triangles with two rational medians, an infinite subset of which are associated with rational points on an elliptic curve $$E({\mathbb {Q}})$$

E
(
Q
)

with Mordell–Weil group $${\mathbb {Z}}\,{\times }\, {\mathbb {Z}}/2{\mathbb {Z}}$$

Z

×

Z
/
2
Z

, and they observed a connection with a pair of Somos-5 sequences. Here we make the latter connection more precise by providing explicit formulae for the integer side lengths, the two rational medians, and the area in this infinite family of Heron triangles. The proof uses a combined approach to Somos-5 sequences and associated Quispel–Roberts–Thompson (QRT) maps in the plane, from several different viewpoints: complex analysis, real dynamics, and reduction modulo a prime.
The Quantum Governance Stack: Models of Governance for Quantum Information Technologies
Authors: Perrier Elija 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe emergence of quantum information technologies with potential application across diverse industrial, consumer and technical domains has thrown into relief the need for practical approaches to their governance. Technology governance must balance multiple objectives including facilitating technological development while meeting legal requirements, normative expectations and managing risks regarding the use of such technology. In this paper, we articulate a variety of idealised governance models and approaches for synthesising these complementary and sometimes competing objectives. We set out a comparative analysis of quantum governance in the context of existing models of technological governance. Using this approach, we develop an actor-instrument model for quantum governance, denoted the ‘quantum governance stack’, across a governance hierarchy from states and governments through to public and private institutions. Our model sets out key characteristics that quantum governance should exhibit at each level in the stack, including identification of stakeholder rights, interests and obligations impacted by quantum technologies and the appropriate instruments by which such impacts are managed. We argue that quantum governance must be responsive based on (a) the state of technology at the time; (b) resource and economic requirements for its development; and (c) assessments and estimates of the near-term and future impacts of such technology. Our work provides a pragmatic introduction to quantum governance by (a) specifying a taxonomy of governance actors and instruments and (b) providing examples of how different stakeholders within the stack might implement governance responses to quantum information technologies. It is intended for use by stakeholders in government, industry, academia and civil society to help inform their governance response to the quantum technology revolution.
Two‐Dimensional Local Modeling of Thermospheric Heating and Neutral Mass Density Enhancement Driven by Alfvén Waves
Authors: Oigawa T. , Shinagawa H. , Taguchi S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the cusp region, a significantly enhanced thermospheric mass density is commonly observed around 400 km altitude. Despite a number of studies, the enhancement mechanism has not been fully characterized. In order to determine how the Joule heating and resultant mass density enhancements are generated in the F region of the ionosphere during a few hours after the Alfvén resonator modes are set up, we have developed a new efficient method to calculate Alfvén waves. In this method, the Fourier transform was used, and Alfvén waves were solved as frequency‐domain boundary value problems. We employed a two‐dimensional local model and performed five modeling runs. The result from the modeling runs shows that the Alfvén resonator modes generate significant neutral upwelling at ∼300 km altitude, which creates a “cell” of the neutral mass density enhancement at altitudes centered between 350 and 400 km. This cell becomes evident roughly 1 hr after the Alfvén resonator modes are set up, and this region continues to exist stably for 2 more hours. A fractional mass density enhancement at 400 km altitude 3 hr after the Alfvén resonator modes having an Alfvénic field‐aligned current of 20 at the top boundary are set up reaches ∼30%, which is consistent with the result obtained from satellite observations. In terms of the Poynting flux, this corresponds to ∼20 mWm−2, which is also consistent with previous satellite observations.
Observations of Double Diffusive Staircase Edges in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Boury S. , Supekar R. , Fine E. C. , Musgrave R. , Mickett J. B. , Voet G. , Odier P. , Peacock T. , MacKinnon J. A. , Alford M. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent observational studies have provided detailed descriptions of double‐diffusive staircases in the Beaufort Sea, characterized by well‐mixed intrusions between high‐gradient interfaces. These structures result from double‐diffusive convection, occurring when cooler fresh water lies atop the warmer saltier Atlantic water layer. In the present study, we investigate the spatial structure of such layers, by analyzing combined high resolution data from a subsurface mooring, a ship‐towed profiling conductivity‐temperature‐depth/ADCP package, and a free‐falling microstructure profiler. At large scale, the modular microstructure profiler data suggest a horizontal “ragged edge” of the layered water masses near the basin boundary. At smaller scales, the mooring data indicate that, in the 300–400 m depth interval, regions of layers abruptly appear. This laterally sharp (of the order of 100 m) interface is advected southwards, as shown by the shallow water integrated mapping system survey conducted nearby. Neither disruption nor formation of layers is directly observed in our data, and we thus interpret our observations as the stable and possibly recent abutment of a layered and an unlayered water masses, now globally advected southwards by a large scale flow.
Comparison of the revised 4th (2016) and 5th (2022) editions of the World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Yudi , Wu Junying , Qin Tiejun , Xu Zefeng , Qu Shiqiang , Pan Lijuan , Li Bing , Wang Huijun , Zhang Peihong , Yan Xin , Gong Jingye , Gao Qingyan , Gale Robert Peter , Xiao Zhijian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe used data from 852 consecutive subjects with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) diagnosed according to the 2016 (revised 4th) World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to evaluate the 2022 (5th) edition WHO classification of MDS. 30 subjects previously classified as MDS with an NPM1 mutation were re-classified as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). 9 subjects previously classified as MDS-U were re-classified to clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). The remaining 813 subjects were diagnosed as: MDS-5q (N = 11 [1%]), MDS-SF3B1 (N = 70 [9%]), MDS-biTP53 (N = 53 [7%]), MDS-LB (N = 293 [36%]), MDS-h (N = 80 [10%]), MDS-IB1 (N = 161 [20%]), MDS-IB2 (N = 103 [13%]) and MDS-f (N = 42 [5%]) and MDS-biTP53 (N = 53 [7%]). 34 of these subjects came from the 53 (64%) MDS-biTP53 previously diagnosed as MDS-EB. Median survival of subjects classified as MDS using the WHO 2022 criteria was 45 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 34, 56 months). Subjects re-classified as MDS-biTP53 and MDS-f had significantly briefer median survivals compared with other MDS sub-types (10 months, [8, 12 months] and 15 months [8, 23 months]). In conclusion, our analyses support the refinements made in the WHO 2022 proposal.
Dissipative soliton generation and real-time dynamics in microresonator-filtered fiber lasers
Authors: Nie Mingming , Li Bowen , Jia Kunpeng , Xie Yijun , Yan Jingjie , Zhu Shining , Xie Zhenda , Huang Shu-Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptical frequency combs in microresonators (microcombs) have a wide range of applications in science and technology, due to its compact size and access to considerably larger comb spacing. Despite recent successes, the problems of self-starting, high mode efficiency as well as high output power have not been fully addressed for conventional soliton microcombs. Recent demonstration of laser cavity soliton microcombs by nesting a microresonator into a fiber cavity, shows great potential to solve the problems. Here we study the dissipative soliton generation and interaction dynamics in a microresonator-filtered fiber laser in both theory and experiment. We bring theoretical insight into the mode-locking principle, discuss the parameters effect on soliton properties, and provide experimental guidelines for broadband soliton generation. We predict chirped bright dissipative soliton with flat-top spectral envelope in microresonators with normal dispersion, which is fundamentally forbidden for the externally driven case. Furthermore, we experimentally achieve soliton microcombs with large bandwidth of ~10 nm and high mode efficiency of 90.7%. Finally, by taking advantage of an ultrahigh-speed time magnifier, we study the real-time soliton formation and interaction dynamics and experimentally observe soliton Newton’s cradle. Our study will benefit the design of the novel, high-efficiency and self-starting microcombs for real-world applications.
Intralesional TLR4 agonist treatment strengthens the organ defense against colonizing cancer cells in the brain
Authors: Blazquez Raquel , Chuang Han-Ning , Wenske Britta , Trigueros Laura , Wlochowitz Darius , Liguori Renato , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Regen Tommy , Proescholdt Martin A. , Rohde Veit , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Stadelmann Christine , Bleckmann Annalen , Beißbarth Tim , van Rossum Denise , Hanisch Uwe K. , Pukrop Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrain metastasis in breast cancer remains difficult to treat and its incidence is increasing. Therefore, the development of new therapies is of utmost clinical relevance. Recently, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 was correlated with IL6 expression and poor prognosis in 1 215 breast cancer primaries. In contrast, we demonstrated that TLR4 stimulation reduces microglia-assisted breast cancer cell invasion. However, the expression, prognostic value, or therapeutic potential of TLR signaling in breast cancer brain metastasis have not been investigated. We thus tested the prognostic value of various TLRs in two brain-metastasis gene sets. Furthermore, we investigated different TLR agonists, as well as MyD88 and TRIF-deficient microenvironments in organotypic brain-slice ex vivo co-cultures and in vivo colonization experiments. These experiments underline the ambiguous roles of TLR4, its adapter MyD88, and the target nitric oxide (NO) during brain colonization. Moreover, analysis of the gene expression datasets of breast cancer brain metastasis patients revealed associations of TLR1 and IL6 with poor overall survival. Finally, our finding that a single LPS application at the onset of colonization shapes the later microglia/macrophage reaction at the macro-metastasis brain-parenchyma interface (MMPI) and reduces metastatic infiltration into the brain parenchyma may prove useful in immunotherapeutic considerations.
Switchable chiral transport in charge-ordered kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Putzke Carsten , Konyzheva Sofia , Huang Xiangwei , Gutierrez-Amigo Martin , Errea Ion , Chen Dong , Vergniory Maia G. , Felser Claudia , Fischer Mark H. , Neupert Titus , Moll Philip J. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen electric conductors differ from their mirror image, unusual chiral transport coefficients appear that are forbidden in achiral metals, such as a non-linear electric response known as electronic magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA)1–6. Although chiral transport signatures are allowed by symmetry in many conductors without a centre of inversion, they reach appreciable levels only in rare cases in which an exceptionally strong chiral coupling to the itinerant electrons is present. So far, observations of chiral transport have been limited to materials in which the atomic positions strongly break mirror symmetries. Here, we report chiral transport in the centrosymmetric layered kagome metal CsV3Sb5 observed via second-harmonic generation under an in-plane magnetic field. The eMChA signal becomes significant only at temperatures below $${T}^{{\prime} }\approx $$

T

′

≈

35 K, deep within the charge-ordered state of CsV3Sb5 (TCDW ≈ 94 K). This temperature dependence reveals a direct correspondence between electronic chirality, unidirectional charge order7 and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking due to putative orbital loop currents8–10. We show that the chirality is set by the out-of-plane field component and that a transition from left- to right-handed transport can be induced by changing the field sign. CsV3Sb5 is the first material in which strong chiral transport can be controlled and switched by small magnetic field changes, in stark contrast to structurally chiral materials, which is a prerequisite for applications in chiral electronics.
A function-based typology for Earth’s ecosystems
Authors: Keith David A. , Ferrer-Paris José R. , Nicholson Emily , Bishop Melanie J. , Polidoro Beth A. , Ramirez-Llodra Eva , Tozer Mark G. , Nel Jeanne L. , Mac Nally Ralph , Gregr Edward J. , Watermeyer Kate E. , Essl Franz , Faber-Langendoen Don , Franklin Janet , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Etter Andrés , Roux Dirk J. , Stark Jonathan S. , Rowland Jessica A. , Brummitt Neil A. , Fernandez-Arcaya Ulla C. , Suthers Iain M. , Wiser Susan K. , Donohue Ian , Jackson Leland J. , Pennington R. Toby , Iliffe Thomas M. , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Giller Paul , Robson Belinda J. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Andrade Angela , Lindgaard Arild , Tahvanainen Teemu , Terauds Aleks , Chadwick Michael A. , Murray Nicholas J. , Moat Justin , Pliscoff Patricio , Zager Irene , Kingsford Richard T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the United Nations develops a post-2020 global biodiversity framework for the Convention on Biological Diversity, attention is focusing on how new goals and targets for ecosystem conservation might serve its vision of ‘living in harmony with nature’1,2. Advancing dual imperatives to conserve biodiversity and sustain ecosystem services requires reliable and resilient generalizations and predictions about ecosystem responses to environmental change and management3. Ecosystems vary in their biota4, service provision5and relative exposure to risks6, yet there is no globally consistent classification of ecosystems that reflects functional responses to change and management. This hampers progress on developing conservation targets and sustainability goals. Here we present the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Ecosystem Typology, a conceptually robust, scalable, spatially explicit approach for generalizations and predictions about functions, biota, risks and management remedies across the entire biosphere. The outcome of a major cross-disciplinary collaboration, this novel framework places all of Earth’s ecosystems into a unifying theoretical context to guide the transformation of ecosystem policy and management from global to local scales. This new information infrastructure will support knowledge transfer for ecosystem-specific management and restoration, globally standardized ecosystem risk assessments, natural capital accounting and progress on the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
Structure of the OMEGA nickase IsrB in complex with ωRNA and target DNA
Authors: Hirano Seiichi , Kappel Kalli , Altae-Tran Han , Faure Guilhem , Wilkinson Max E. , Kannan Soumya , Demircioglu F. Esra , Yan Rui , Shiozaki Momoko , Yu Zhiheng , Makarova Kira S. , Koonin Eugene V. , Macrae Rhiannon K. , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRNA-guided systems, such as CRISPR–Cas, combine programmable substrate recognition with enzymatic function, a combination that has been used advantageously to develop powerful molecular technologies1,2. Structural studies of these systems have illuminated how the RNA and protein jointly recognize and cleave their substrates, guiding rational engineering for further technology development3. Recent work identified a new class of RNA-guided systems, termed OMEGA, which include IscB, the likely ancestor of Cas9, and the nickase IsrB, a homologue of IscB lacking the HNH nuclease domain4. IsrB consists of only around 350 amino acids, but its small size is counterbalanced by a relatively large RNA guide (roughly 300-nt ωRNA). Here, we report the cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi IsrB (DtIsrB) in complex with its cognate ωRNA and a target DNA. We find the overall structure of the IsrB protein shares a common scaffold with Cas9. In contrast to Cas9, however, which uses a recognition (REC) lobe to facilitate target selection, IsrB relies on its ωRNA, part of which forms an intricate ternary structure positioned analogously to REC. Structural analyses of IsrB and its ωRNA as well as comparisons to other RNA-guided systems highlight the functional interplay between protein and RNA, advancing our understanding of the biology and evolution of these diverse systems.