bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, multicenter study on a flexible hyaluronic acid filler in treatment of moderate‐to‐severe nasolabial folds in a Chinese population
Authors: Xie Yun , Wu Wenyu , Xu Jinhua , Wang Xi , Hu Zhiqi , Li Qingfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRestylane Defyne (HARD, with lidocaine) has been shown to be effective and safe for facial augmentation including nasolabial folds (NLFs) in Caucasians. Incorporating lidocaine in injectable fillers has become a common practice that improves the patient's experience.ObjectivesTo evaluate efficacy and safety of HARD compared to Restylane (HAR, the gold standard HA filler) for correction of NLFs in a Chinese population.MethodsIn this 12‐month, randomized, split‐face, evaluator‐blinded study of the efficacy and safety of treatment of NLFs with HARD or HAR, Chinese adults (n = 173) with moderate or severe wrinkle severity of both NLFs received treatment with HARD on one NLF, and HAR on the opposite NLF.ResultsThe primary objective was met: WSRS response rates at Month 6 (i.e., ≥1‐grade improvement according to the blinded evaluator) were similar (72.9% and 72.8% for HARD and HAR, respectively). HARD was non‐inferior to HAR; the 95% CI for the difference in response rates was −5.7% to 5.5%. Likewise, products were effective and comparable in terms of reduced wrinkle severity of NLFs and improved Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) score (according to the blinded evaluator and subject) throughout the study. Both products were well‐tolerated, and injection of the lidocaine‐containing product (HARD) was less painful.ConclusionsHARD was non‐inferior to HAR for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe NLFs at 6 months post‐treatment. Overall, the results from this study indicate that HARD is safe and effective up to 12 months in a Chinese population.
Glutathione catabolism by Enterobacteriaceae species to hydrogen sulphide adversely affects the viability of host systems in the presence of 5′fluorodeoxyuridine
Authors: Lim Daniel Rui Xiang , Chen Yahua , Ng Li Fang , Gruber Jan , Gan Yunn‐Hwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReduced glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in relieving oxidative insult from the generation of free radicals via normal physiological processes. However, GSH can be exploited by bacteria as a signalling molecule for the regulation of virulence. We describe findings arising from a serendipitous observation that when GSH and Escherichia coli were incubated with 5′fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR)‐synchronised populations of Caenorhabditis elegans, the nematodes underwent rapid death. Death was mediated by the production of hydrogen sulphide mainly through the action of tnaA, a tryptophanase‐encoding gene in E. coli. Other Enterobacteriaceae species possess similar cysteine desulfhydrases that can catabolise l‐cysteine‐containing compounds to hydrogen sulphide and mediate nematode killing when worms had been pre‐treated with FUdR. When colonic epithelial cell lines were infected, hydrogen sulphide produced by these bacteria in the presence of GSH was also able to inhibit ATP synthesis in these cells particularly when cells had been treated with FUdR. Therefore, bacterial production of hydrogen sulphide could act in concert with a commonly used genotoxic cancer drug to exert host cell impairment. Hydrogen sulphide also increases bacterial adhesion to the intestinal cells. These findings could have implications for patients undergoing chemotherapy using FUdR analogues that could result in intestinal damage.
A prophage‐encoded nonclassical secretory protein of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” induces a strong immune response in Nicotiana benthamiana and citrus
Authors: Du Jiao , Wang Qiying , Zeng Chunhua , Zhou Changyong , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB), associated with “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), is a globally devastating plant disease. The highly reduced genome of CLas encodes a number of secretory proteins. The conserved prophage‐encoded protein AGH17470 is herein identified as a nonclassical secretory protein. We confirmed that the N‐terminal and C‐terminal sequences jointly determine the secretion of AGH17470. The transient expression of AGH17470 protein in Nicotiana benthamiana caused hypersensitive response (HR) cell death in infiltrated leaves and systemically infected leaves as well as the dwarfing of the entire plant, suggesting that AGH17470 is involved in the plant immune response, growth, and development. Overexpression of AGH17470 in N. benthamiana and citrus plants up‐regulated the transcription of pathogenesis‐related and salicylic acid (SA)‐signalling pathway genes and promoted SA accumulation. Furthermore, transient expression of AGH17470 enhanced the resistance of sweet orange to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. To our knowledge, AGH17470 is the first prophage‐encoded secretory protein demonstrated to elicit an HR and induce a strong plant immune response. The findings have increased our understanding of prophage‐encoded secretory protein genes, and the results provide clues as to the plant defence response against CLas.
Ethnic representational priorities and political engagement in deeply divided societies
Authors: O'Brochta William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen do individuals in deeply divided societies participate in political activities aimed at increasing ethnic representation in cabinet ministries? I develop a cost–benefit framework to explain political engagement based on individuals' ethnic group membership and preferences for descriptive and substantive representation in cabinet ministries. Drawing on an original survey in North Macedonia, I find that ethnic Macedonians who value substantive representation are more likely to attend public meetings compared to Macedonians who value descriptive representation but that the opposite is true for ethnic Albanians. I also consider how willingness to attend public meetings changes when individuals value both descriptive and substantive representation. The results suggest that policy makers cannot assume that all members of the public have the same motivations for arguing for increased representation.
The evolution of advanced nursing practice: Gender, identity, power and patriarchy
Authors: Lewis Robin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo address longstanding workforce shortages, increase efficiency and control the costs associated with the modern health‐care provision, there has been a worldwide policy to promote increased flexibility within the health‐care workforce. This is being done primarily by extending the ‘scope of practice’ of existing occupational roles into what is referred to as ‘advanced’ practice. The development of the advanced practice nurse (APN) has occurred within the context of a shortage of medical staff, and the need to control cost. However, the means by which substantially repurposed occupational groups such as these, are incorporated into complex, hierarchical organisations such as the UK national health service (NHS) remains poorly understood. Using modern sociological theory, the development of the APN role has been examined in terms of power, control, professional identity and gender relations. Each of the theoretical approaches used adds to the quality of the discussion, although none provide a comprehensive picture. However, when synthesised, they do provide an enhanced insight into the evolution of the role. It is argued here that by critically examining the development of the APN role, this will enable both a better understanding of, and the means to influence, its future direction of travel.
Aging of enteric neuromuscular systems in gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Nguyen Vy Truong Thuy , Taheri Negar , Chandra Abhishek , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAging is a complex biological process and associated with a progressive decline in functions of most organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Age‐related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions include esophageal reflux, dysphagia, constipation, fecal incontinence, reduced compliance, and accommodation. Although the incidence and severity of these diseases and conditions increase with age, they are often underestimated due in part to nonspecific and variable symptoms and lack of sufficient medical attention. They negatively affect quality of life and predispose the elderly to other diseases, sarcopenia, and frailty. The mechanisms underlying aging‐associated GI dysfunctions remain unclear, and there is limited data examining the effect of aging on GI motor functions. Many studies on aging‐associated changes to cells within the tunica muscularis including enteric neurons, smooth muscles, and interstitial cells have proposed that cell loss and/or molecular changes may be involved in the pathogenesis of age‐related GI motor disorders/dysfunctions. There is also evidence that the aging contributes to phenotypic changes in innate immune cells, which are physically and functionally linked to other cells in the tunica muscularis and can alter GI (patho) physiology. However, various patterns of changes have been reported, some of which are contradictory, indicating a need for additional work in this area.PurposeAlthough GI infection due to intestinal bacterial overgrowth, bleeding, and cancers are also important and common problems in the elderly patients, this mini‐review focuses on data obtained from enteric neuromuscular aging research with the goal of better understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of enteric neuromuscular aging to enhance future therapy.
Comparison of commercially available antibodies for the detection of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein in primary culture of ENS
Authors: Lassozé Simon , de Guilhem de Lataillade Adrien , Oullier Thibauld , Neunslist Michel , Leclair‐Visonneau Laurène , Derkinderen Pascal , Paillusson Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is now well established that phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein histopathology, the pathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not limited to the brain but also extends to the enteric nervous system (ENS). This observation led to the hypothesis that the ENS could play a pivotal role in the development of PD. Research on the enteric synucleinopathy has, however, been hampered by difficulties in detecting phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein in the ENS by Western blotting, even when the transferred membrane is fixed with an optimized protocol. This suggests that the available antibodies used in previous studies lacked of sensitivity for the detection of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein at Ser129 in enteric neurons. Here, we evaluated three recent commercially available phospho‐alpha‐synuclein antibodies and compared them to two antibodies used in previous research.MethodsThe specificity and sensitivity of the 5 antibodies were evaluated by Western blot performed with recombinant alpha‐synuclein and with protein lysates from rat primary cultures of ENS. In primary culture of ENS, additional experiments were performed with the most specific antibody in order to modulate alpha‐synuclein phosphorylation and to validate its utilization in immunofluorescence experiments.ResultsThe rabbit monoclonal antibody D1R1R uniquely and robustly detected endogenous phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein at Ser129 in rat primary culture of ENS without any non‐specific bands, allowing for a reliable analysis of phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein regulation by pharmacologic means.Conclusions and inferencesUsing D1R1R antibody together with the optimized protocol for membrane fixation may help deciphering the signaling pathways involved in enteric alpha‐synuclein post‐translational regulation in PD.
Mismatch epitope load predicts de novo‐DSA‐free survival in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Shin Stephanie , Lee Margaret , Dente Elizabeth , Yazigi Nada , Khan Khalid M. , Kaufman Stuart S. , Ahn Jaeil , Timofeeva Olga A. , Ekong Udeme D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur knowledge of de novo anti‐HLA donor‐specific antibodies (dnDSA) in liver transplantation continues to be defined. We hypothesized that differences of HLA‐DR/DQ mismatches can improve precision in alloimmune risk categorization and be applied to tailor immunosuppression.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 244 pediatric patients consecutively transplanted at our center between 2003 and 2019 was performed to identify patients tested for dnDSA. Records were queried for: demographics, pre‐transplant diagnosis, biopsy‐proven T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR), radiology proven biliary complications, tacrolimus trough levels, dnDSA characteristics, and HLA typing. The eplet mismatch analyses were performed using HLAMatchmaker™ 3.1. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software version 3.40.ResultsThere were 99 dnDSA‐negative patients and 73 dnDSA‐positive patients (n = 70 against class II and n = 3 against class I and II). ROC analysis identified optimal cutoff of eplet mismatch load for dnDSA and defined risk groups for an alloimmune outcome. Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests showed high eplet mismatch load was associated with shorter dnDSA‐free survival (log‐rank p = .001). Multivariable Cox regression models showed that tacrolimus coefficient of variation and tacrolimus mean levels were significantly associated with dnDSA‐free survival (p < .001 and p = .036). Fisher's exact test showed that dnDSA was associated with an increased likelihood of TCMR (OR 14.94; 95% CI 3.65 – 61.19; p < .001). Patients without TCMR were more likely to have dnDSA to HLA‐DQ7 and less likely to have dnDSA to HLA‐DQ2 (p = .03, p = .080).ConclusionsMismatched epitope load predicts dnDSA‐free survival in pediatric liver transplant, while dnDSA specificity may determine alloimmune outcome.
Postoperative physiological parameters associated with severe acute kidney injury after pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Alali Alexander , Acosta Sebastian , Ahmed Mubbasheer , Spinner Joseph , Akcan‐Arikan Ayse , Morris Shaine A. , Jain Parag N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective was to evaluate associations between perioperative clinical variables and postoperative hemodynamic indices after HT with the development of severe AKI. The secondary objective was to evaluate associations between UOP or creatinine as AKI indicators and morbidity after HT.MethodsRetrospective study of all patients who underwent HT 1/2016‐11/2019 at a quaternary pediatric institution. Severe AKI was defined as KDIGO stage 2 or higher.ResultsOf 94 HT patients, 73 met inclusion criteria; 45% of patients developed severe AKI. In univariate analysis, non‐Hispanic Black race, preoperative AKI, longer CPB duration, lower weight, and peak lactate within 12 h post‐HT were associated with severe AKI. CVP ≤12 h post‐HT had a quadratic relationship, rather than linear, with severe AKI. PPV >18% was significantly associated with severe AKI but equated to noncontiguous 10 min of high variation over a 12‐h period, and thus was deemed not clinically significant. In multivariate analysis, Black race, longer CPB duration, and higher CVP remained associated with severe AKI (c: 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.92). Severe AKI per creatinine, but not UOP criteria, was associated with longer duration of ventilation (p = .012) and longer intensive care unit length of stay (p = .003).ConclusionsIn pediatric HT patients, non‐Hispanic Black race, longer CPB time, and higher postoperative CVP ≤12 h post‐HT were associated with severe AKI. AKI based on creatinine, not UOP, was associated with postoperative HT morbidity.
Minimax powerful functional analysis of covariance tests with application to longitudinal genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Zhu Weicheng , Xu Sheng , Liu Catherine C. , Li Yehua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe model the Alzheimer's disease‐related phenotype response variables observed on irregular time points in longitudinal Genome‐Wide Association Studies as sparse functional data and propose nonparametric test procedures to detect functional genotype effects while controlling the confounding effects of environmental covariates. Our new functional analysis of covariance tests are based on a seemingly unrelated kernel smoother, which takes into account the within‐subject temporal correlations, and thus enjoy improved power over existing functional tests. We show that the proposed test combined with a uniformly consistent nonparametric covariance function estimator enjoys the Wilks phenomenon and is minimax most powerful. Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, where an application of the proposed test lead to the discovery of new genes that may be related to Alzheimer's disease.
CAGEs are Golgi‐localized GT31 enzymes involved in cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nibbering Pieter , Castilleux Romain , Wingsle Gunnar , Niittylä Totte 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYCellulose is the main structural component in the plant cell walls. We show that two glycosyltransferase family 31 (GT31) enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana, here named cellulose synthesis associated glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (CAGE1 and 2), influence both primary and secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis. cage1cage2 mutants show primary cell wall defects manifesting as impaired growth and cell expansion in seedlings and etiolated hypocotyls, along with secondary cell wall defects, apparent as collapsed xylem vessels and reduced xylem wall thickness in the inflorescence stem. Single and double cage mutants also show increased sensitivity to the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. The cage1cage2 phenotypes were associated with an approximately 30% reduction in cellulose content, an approximately 50% reduction in secondary cell wall CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) protein levels in stems and reduced cellulose biosynthesis rate in seedlings. CESA transcript levels were not significantly altered in cage1cage2 mutants, suggesting that the reduction in CESA levels was caused by a post‐transcriptional mechanism. Both CAGE1 and 2 localize to the Golgi apparatus and are predicted to synthesize β‐1,3‐galactans on arabinogalactan proteins. In line with this, the cage1cage2 mutants exhibit reduced levels of β‐Yariv binding to arabinogalactan protein linked β‐1,3‐galactan. This leads us to hypothesize that defects in arabinogalactan biosynthesis underlie the cellulose deficiency of the mutants.
CT findings of nasal cryptococcosis in cats and dogs: A case series
Authors: Cooley Stacy , Galustanian Geghani , Moon Alaina , Summers Stacie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCryptococcus spp. can cause chronic rhinitis in cats and dogs. Computed tomography (CT) descriptions of imaging features of nasal cryptococcosis are limited. This retrospective single‐center consecutive case series aimed to describe the CT features of lesions in cats and dogs with nasal cryptococcosis. Ten cats and 12 dogs with a diagnosis of nasal cryptococcosis confirmed with cytology, histopathology, and/or serology that had undergone a head CT from 2010 and 2020 were included. Images were evaluated by a veterinary radiologist for the presence of a nasal or nasopharyngeal mass, regional destruction, intracranial extension, and lymphadenopathy. The majority of cats (8/10 [80%]) had nasal lesions with most cases described as non‐destructive rhinitis (7/8 [88%]). Three cats (3/10 [30%]) had a nasal mass. All cats had a nasopharyngeal mass, and in most cases (8/10 [80%]) the nasopharyngeal mass was centered caudally near the temporomandibular joints. None of the cats had cribriform plate lysis or meningeal enhancement. All dogs had nasal lesions. Eleven dogs (11/12 [92%]) had destructive rhinitis with lysis of nasal conchae. Most dogs (8/12; 67%) had a nasal mass, of which in seven dogs the caudal nasal mass extended into the rostral nasopharynx. Most dogs had cribriform plate lysis (9/12 [75%]), of which four dogs (44%) had mass extension into the cranium. Our findings support potential differences in CT features between dogs and cats with nasal cryptococcosis. Nasal cryptococcosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in dogs and cats with nasal and nasopharyngeal masses.
Xenotransplantation of neonatal porcine bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells improves diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Yamada Hideaki , Naito Reiko , Nishimura Masuhiro , Kawakami Ryo , Morinaga Eri , Morita Yuichi , Shimizu Masayuki , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Sawamoto Osamu , Matsumoto Shinichi , Imafuku Shinichi , Sakata Naoaki , Kodama Shohta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome clinical trials have shown the usefulness of stem cell therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. However, the donor supply is limited, and the process is time consuming and expensive. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of neonatal porcine bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell (npBM‐MSC) xenotransplantation using diabetic wound model mice.MethodsAll layers of back skin were removed from streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. In the npBM‐MSCs group, npBM‐MSCs were transplanted to the wound, and syngeneic mouse bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBM‐MSCs) were transplanted to the wound in the mBM‐MSCs group. The control group comprised diabetic mice that did not receive cellular therapy. The therapeutic effects of the transplantation were evaluated according to the rate of wound closure and the promotion of neovascularization in the wound.ResultsThe wound closure rate was significantly improved in the npBM‐MSCs group compared with the control group (p < .001 at postoperative day [POD] 4 and p < .01 at POD 7) and mBM‐MSCs groups (p < .05 at POD 4). Prominent promotion of both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis was observed in the npBM‐MSCs group. Furthermore, the expression of murine Prox1 and both porcine and murine Vegfs and Tgfb1 in the wounds was enhanced until POD 4 by npBM‐MSCs transplantation. The amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, VEGFC, and transforming growth factor β1 secreted from npBM‐MSCs were higher than those from mBM‐MSCs (p < .05).ConclusionXenotransplantation of npBM‐MSCs improved diabetic wound healing by promoting both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
Localization of a Breathing Delamination Using Nonlinear Lamb Wave Mixing
Authors: Agrawal Yamnesh , Gangwar Akhilendra S. , Joglekar D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A guided wave-based method for localization of breathing delamination is presented in this investigation. The proposed technique utilizes one-way mixing of a dual-frequency fundamental antisymmetric Lamb modes with judiciously selected central frequencies. The dual-frequency interrogation signal, upon interacting with a breathing delamination, leads to additional frequency sidebands in the frequency response spectrum, strength of which is quantified in terms of the combination tone index. The numerical predictions of these sidebands are validated using an in-house experimentation. It is further exposited that the combination tone index depends strongly on the extent of the temporal overlap that the two constituent wave envelopes have as they propagate through the breathing delamination. Accordingly, for a synchronous passage (with 100% temporal overlap), the combination tone index is maximum while it reduces with the decreasing temporal overlap. By utilizing the dispersive nature of the chosen Lamb mode, a relation is then developed correlating the temporal separation of the wave envelopes at the location of the actuator, the group speeds, and the distance between the actuator and the delamination. Based on these inferences, a technique for localizing a breathing delamination is proposed, which involves interrogating the component by systematically altering the temporal overlap in the input waveform and monitoring the combination tone index for its maxima. The efficacy of the localization technique (close to 90%) is demonstrated through an illustrative case analyzed numerically as well as experimentally.