bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-1, pentraxin-3, acute phase proteins and oxidative stress before and after treatment in neonatal calves with sepsis caused by Escherichia coli K99
Authors: Akyüz Enes , Merhan Oğuz , Sezer Mert , Coşkun Mustafa Reha , Erkılıç Ekin Emre , Batı Yusuf Umut , Bozukluhan Kadir , Kuru Mushap , Şahin Mitat , Gökce Gürbüz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to detect changes in acute-phase proteins endothelin-1 (ET-1), pentraxin-3 (P-3), ceruloplasmin (Cp), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin, in calves with diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K99 neonatal sepsis before and after treatment. Diagnostic and prognostic clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters were evaluated. A total of 30 calves, divided into a sepsis group and a healthy control group, were assessed. The sepsis group was composed of 20 newborn calves (0–10 days old) which met neonatal sepsis criteria, did not receive any treatment, and were referred to the clinics of the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, within 24 hours after the detection of clinical findings. The control group consisted of 10 healthy calves (0–10 days old) for comparison. Clinical examinations (respiratory rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, capillary refill time, sucking reflex) were performed before (0th h) and after (7th d) treatment. Blood samples were drawn via the jugular vein from sick calves before and after treatment and once from control animals. The P-3, ET-1, Cp, Hp, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the sepsis group before treatment were statistically higher than post-treatment and control group values (P < 0.001); while the glutathione (GSH) concentration was statistically lower (P = 0.002). In conclusion, the high pre-treatment concentrations of P-3, ET-1, Cp, Hp, and MDA in the sepsis group were of diagnostic importance. The approximation of these parameters after treatment to the mean values of the control group was also of prognostic value.
Whole-genome sequencing, trajectory tracking, and field investigation reveal origin and long-distance migration routes of wheat stripe rust in China
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Dai Jichen , Zhang Taixue , Wang Baotong , Wang Conghao , Zhang Jiguang , Yao Qiang , Li Mingju , Li Chengyun , Peng Yueling , Cao Shiqin , Zhan Gangming , Tao Fei , Gao Haifeng , Huang Weili , Feng Xiaojun , Bai Yingwen , Qucuo Zhuoma , Shang Hongsheng , Huang Chong , Liu Wancai , Xu Xiangming , Zhan Jiasui , Chen Xianming , Kang Zhensheng , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding the origins and migration routes of phytopathogen inoculum is essential in predicting disease development and formulating control strategies. Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of wheat stripe rust, is an airborne fungal pathogen threatening wheat production by long-distance migration. Due to large variation in geographic features, climatic conditions, and wheat production systems, inter-regional Pst dispersal routes in China remain largely unknown. In the present research, we sequenced 154 Pst isolates sampled from all the major wheat-growing regions in China to study the Pst population structure. Western Qinling Mountains, Himalayan region, and Guizhou Plateau were found to be centers of Pst origin in China. Combined with trajectory tracking and field disease surveys, long-distance Pst migration routes from individual origins were proposed. The present findings will improve current understanding of Pst origin and migration in China and emphasize the need for managing stripe rust at the national scale.
Intestinal stiffness in Crohn’s disease treated by biologics: Comparison of ustekinumab and infliximab using ultrasound shear wave elastography
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshi , Hata Jiro , Imuamura Hiroshi , Yo Shogen , Sasahira Momoyo , Misawa Hiraku , Oosawa Motoyasu , Murao Takahisa , Handa Osamu , Umegami Eiji , Shiotani Akiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Intestinal strictures represent an important serious complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). Shear wave elastography (SWE) is one of the promising noninvasive ultrasound techniques for assessing tissue stiffness. This study was aimed to evaluate stiffness at the areas of intestinal stricture in CD patients using SWE, and the changes of stiffness after biologics. Methods: Bowell wall thickness was examined by ultrasound sonography (US) and the stiffness of CD stricture lesions was evaluated using Shear wave speed (SWS) before and one year after anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab (IFX), anti-interleukin (IL) 12/23 antibody ustekinumab (UST), and bio-switch from IFX to UST. Results: Bowell wall thickness was significantly improved after IFX, UST, and the bio-switch. However, SWS indices only in the UST group significantly decreased after treatment (p=0.028), but not in the other group. Conclusion: UST may lead to suppression of obstruction in CD naïve patients with stricture lesions.
Revealing the Dominant Source of Cosmic Rays in a Nearby Galaxy
Authors: Michiyama Tomonari , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Doi Akihiro , Khangulyan Dmitry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cosmic rays are ultrarelativistic particles that are integral components of the cosmic background. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum suggests the existence of so-called galactic PeVatrons– local sources that are capable of boosting the particle energy beyond 1 PeV (1,2). In the Milky Way, the birth and death of massive stars give rise to sufficient cosmic-ray sources for supplying the required accelerating power. Through observations in the gamma-ray band, several nearby galaxies with cosmic ray power significantly exceeding the calorimetric limit of the star formation activities have been identified (3–6) such as NGC 1068, which is a nearby Seyfert galaxy (7–9). Compared to other galaxies, NGC 1068 features a modest-power kiloparsec-scale jet and one of the most active regions surrounding the central supermassive black hole (10,11). While synchrotron emission was confirmed at the jet by centimetre interferometers, the particle spectrum and acceleration site could not be identified due to limited frequency coverage and angular resolution. Here we report the high-resolution radio observations of NGC 1068, which reveal the ultrarelativistic electrons at the apex of its jet. Spectral and morphological studies of the parsec-scale radio blobs in the jet termination region show that these blobs are efficient sites of cosmic-ray acceleration with a strongly amplified magnetic field. The physical conditions revealed in the blobs imply that they are capable of accelerating protons to energies beyond the petaelectronvolt range. The estimated cosmic-ray power at the jet head exceeds the limit set by the star formation activity in this galaxy. This result suggests that even modest-power jets significantly increase the galactic cosmic-ray content while propagating through the galactic bulge.
Methyl Jasmonate Induces Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and the Accumulation of Antioxidant Metabolites in Phoenix Dactylifera L.
Authors: Romdhane Amal Ben , Chtourou Yassine , Sebii Haifa , Baklouti Emna , Nasri Ameni , Drira Riadh , Maalej Mohamed , Drira Noureddine , Rival Alain , Fki Lotfi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The present study aimed at exploring the eliciting effects of increasing concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM) of MeJA. We cultivated actively proliferating buds of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee in a temporary immersion system and we monitored the bioactive compounds accumulation after 7 days of culture.
Methods
Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and radical scavenging activity using DPPH and ABTS assays. We also explored the activity of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO).
Results
Our results revealed that high MeJA concentrations induced an increase in the PAL, TAL and PPO activities. Several stress markers such as Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Nitric oxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) were also found to rise. Beside, MeJA caused subsequent elevations in the amount of catechin, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and p-Coumaric acid and antioxidant capacity with the lowest DPPH and ABTS IC50 values. Microscopic observations using fluorescence probes such as fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and acridine orange/ethidium bromide demonstrated that the supplementation of MeJA to culture media induced cells death in a dose dependent manner.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that in vitro cultures elicited by MeJA of Phoenix dactylifera L. have the capacity to produce secondary metabolites.
Knowledge on Anemia Causes and Associated Risks Improve with Education and Better Socioeconomic Standards among Students of Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing and Other Allied Health Professions in Palestinian Territories
Authors: Natour Nihal , Tell Mariam Al , Shakhshir Marah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
IntroductionAnemia is a global nutritional problem with consequent mortality and morbidity on females of reproductive age and infants and children.Aims and Objectives:The aims of this study was to assess knowledge about anemia and associated factors among Palestinian medical and allied health students and to evaluate their response to study course on the topic.MethodsData was collected using an electronic questionnaire that evaluated the students' knowledge on anemia, their sociodemographic variables, nutritional health and study of anemia as part of course that was offered to them in varying times. Anemia knowledge score was calculated and socioeconomic status scores (SES) were calculated. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS.Results117 students from schools of medicine, nursing, pharmacy and other health disciplines participated in the study. Average age was (19.9 ± 2.24 y), average score on anemia knowledge out of 26 was (19.4 ± 3.6 points). Only 29.9% of the study participants were males. Age, SES based on income and father education were the major significant predictors of knowledge on anemia score. Taking the nutrition course improved anemia knowledge score (p = 0.09) and specialty was not significant predictor of anemia knowledge.ConclusionMedical and health related profession student could benefit from taking nutrition courses on anemia
Water demand in watershed forecasting using a hybrid model based on autoregressive moving average and deep neural networks
Authors: Liu Guangze , Yuan Mingkang , Chen Xudong , Lin Xiaokun , Jiang Qingqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water resource shortage is a realistic problem faced by water supply systems in river basins. Forecasting water demand is crucial for sustainable management of water supply systems. In this paper, the ARMA—DNN model is established to predict the water demand of the basin by combining the deep neural network (DNN) and the autoregressed-moving average (ARMA) mixed model. Taking the economic growth water demand and the actual social water demand as the main prediction targets, a mixed prediction model based on 14 statistical indicators is built. The model uses data from 2010 to 2020 to forecast water demand in the Minjiang River Basin. The results show that :(a) the model can accurately predict the future water consumption of the basin under the condition of actual water consumption changes; (b) The forecast of future water consumption has a significant impact on agricultural grain yield, industrial economic output value and domestic water satisfaction. In each region of the basin, agricultural grain yield and industrial economic output value and domestic water satisfaction are mutually restricted; (c) When climate conditions deteriorate and water shortages become severe, effective water demand forecasting can alleviate water demand contradictions to some extent. In a word, watershed managers need to make industrial water allocation schemes in different regions based on the forecast results of future water consumption, so as to balance the relationship among agricultural and food output, economic output value and domestic water satisfaction.
Effects of back-up position on tracheal intubation using a Macintosh-geometry videolaryngoscope in patients with a simulated difficult airway: A prospective randomized crossover study
Authors: Jun Joo Hyun , Chun Eun Hee , Chung Mi Hwa , Kim Jung Eun , Kim Kyung Mi , Lee Hye Sun , Son Jung Mo , Park Jiho 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Both Macintosh-geometry and hyper-angulated videolaryngoscopes provide a better laryngeal view than conventional direct laryngoscope. However, the Macintosh-geometry videolaryngoscopes may not provide as dramatic an improvement in the laryngeal view as the hyper-angulated videolaryngoscopes because they lack the capacity to view structures around corners, so glottic exposure using the Macintosh-geometry videolaryngoscopes may be incomplete in some difficult airway. Patient positioning has an important effect on laryngeal visualization and successful tracheal intubation. However, the ideal head and neck position for videolaryngoscope has not yet been evaluated. We evaluated the effects of the back-up position on laryngeal visualization and ease of intubation using a Macintosh-geometry videolaryngoscope in patients with a simulated difficult airway.Methods: Sixty-four patients were included in this prospective, crossover, randomized controlled trial. Limited neck movement and mouth opening were simulated using a cervical collar. The laryngeal view was assessed in both neutral and back-up positions, in a randomized order, using a Macintosh-geometry videolaryngoscope, based on the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score and modified Cormack–Lehane (MCL) grade. When scoring laryngeal visualization, external laryngeal manipulation was not permitted. The trachea was intubated only once (in the second position). The ease of intubation was assessed based on the need for optimization maneuvers, Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) scores, and time to intubation.Results: The mean POGO score improved significantly in the back-up position (59.4 ± 23.8%) compared with the neutral position (37.5 ± 24%) (P <0.0001). MCL grade 1 or 2a was achieved in 56 (85.9%) and 28 (43.7%) of patients in the back-up and neutral positions, respectively (P <0.0001). Optimization maneuvers for intubation were required in 7 (21.9%) and 17 (53.1%) patients in the back-up and neutral positions, respectively (P <0.0001). The IDS and time to intubation did not differ significantly between positions. Conclusion: The back-up position significantly improved the laryngeal view during Macintosh-geometry videolaryngoscope-guided intubation. It also improved ease of intubation, reflected in a reduced need for optimization maneuvers.Trial registration: This trial was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04716218, on 20/01/2021.
Feasibility of a Group-Based Telerehabilitation Intervention for Long COVID Management.
Authors: King Meredith , Byrne Anthony , Denehy Linda , Graham Petra , Douglas Ben , de Toni Priscilla , Santos Angelo , Kitson Emily , Pang Alison , Bartos Elena , Plit Marshall , Mungovan Sean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and objective:
The increasing awareness of the prevalence and chronic nature of the COVID-19 disease burden requires a better understanding of effective interventions in large scale clinical trials. Telerehabilitation is effective in other chronic disease groups and the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a specific, group-based telerehabilitation exercise intervention for Long-COVID.
Methods
People with Long-COVID symptoms, defined as persistent dyspnoea, fatigue or chest pain, at least 110 days post COVID-19 diagnosis and who had not undertaken exercise training three months prior to randomisation into the trial were included. Participants were randomised to receive a twice-weekly supervised group telerehabilitation program for ten weeks or continue with usual care. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate, adherence, completion rate, adverse events and technological issues. Exploratory clinical outcomes including exercise capacity, fatigue and health-related quality of life were also assessed.
Results
21 participants with mean age 53 ± 14 yrs, 17 of whom were not hospitalised, were recruited 365 ± 67 days after diagnosis of COVID-19. The recruitment rate was 39% of possible participants. Nine (82%) of the intervention group completed the follow-up assessments. The telerehabilitation participants completed 18 ± 2 sessions, with 100% completing 16 sessions or more. There were no adverse events and two technological problems reported for the intervention group.
Conclusion
Supervised group telerehabilitation appears to be feasible and safe for people with Long-COVID. A future study is required to examine the efficacy and generalizability of the supervised group-based telerehabilitation exercise intervention.
Trial registration:
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12621000031864)
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Undernutrition Among Pregnant Women in Lamwo District Northern Uganda
Authors: Alanyo Linda Grace , Ngabirano Tom Denis , Ayebare Elizabeth , Masereka Enos Mirembe , Mukunya David , Ndeezi Grace , Tumwine James K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Maternal undernutrition is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. While undernutrition is a common problem in Uganda, the magnitude of undernutrition especially among pregnant women in a post-conflict area where food may be scarce has not been documented. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among pregnant women in Lamwo District, Northern Uganda.Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in four health facilities in Lamwo District in Northern Uganda from January, 3rd 2019 to February, 2nd 2019. A total of 522 pregnant women were consecutively enrolled into the study. A Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) of ≤23cm was used as a cutoff for undernutrition. Data was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics to understand the socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant mothers and their nutrition status. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with undernutrition. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of < 0.05.Results: In this study, most 402 (77.01%) of the participants were 20-35 years of age, slightly more than half 270 (51.72%) had attained secondary or tertiary education, most 422 (80.84%) were married, and 367 (70.31%) had at least two meals a day. The prevalence of undernutrition was 8.6% [95% CI (6.4%, 11.4%)]. Single mothers were 4.2 times more likely to be undernourished compared to married women [OR= 4.24, 95%CI (1.73, 10.35)]. Women who had three or more meals were 86 percent less likely to be undernourished compared to those who had one meal [OR=0.14, 95% CI (0.02, 0.78)].Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women in Lamwo, a rural post conflict district in Northern Uganda was 8.6 percent. Spousal support and having a diversified diet at least three times daily might reduce undernutrition among pregnant women.
Impact of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Shunt Size and Duration on Risk of Death or Severe Respiratory Morbidity in Preterm Infants Born in China
Authors: Deng Yingping , Zhang Haiyan , Zhao Zhuoyu , Du Juan , Bai Ruimiao , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess whether duration and size of the arterial duct was associated with severe respiratory morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.Methods: All echocardiography evaluations for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a cohort of preterm infants, born at a gestational age less than 28 weeks, from birth up to 36 weeks of postconceptional age or final ductal closure were reviewed. Ductal size was measured at the pulmonary end. PDA was classified as small (E1: ductal diameter(DD)≤ 1.5 mm), moderate (E2: 1.5mm < DD ≤ 2.5 mm) or large (E3) (DD > 2.5 mm). The primary outcome was adverse outcome defined by the composite outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death. Infants in whom the primary outcome occurred were classified as “high-risk”, whereas patients who did not satisfy this outcome were classified as “low-risk”. Intergroup comparison (high vs low risk) was performed using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: A total of 135 infants, born between 2010 and 2020, were evaluated. The primary outcome was satisfied in 46 (34.1%) patients. The high-risk group was characterized by increased duration of exposure to PDA of any (E1/E2/E3) grade (44 vs. 25.5 days, p=.0004), moderate or large (E2/E3) PDA (30.5 vs. 11.5 days, p<.0001), moderate (E2) PDA (10.8 vs.6 days, p=0.05) and large (E3) PDA (11.5 vs.0 days, p<.0001) compared with low-risk group. Lower gestational age, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, higher rate of inotrope use, pharmacological therapy and PDA ligation were also associated with development of BPD or death (high-risk group). After adjusting for confounders, the rate of inotrope use [OR 2.688, 95% CI (1.011-7.142), p=0.047], duration of large (E3) PDA [OR 1.060, 95% CI (1.005-1.118), p=0.03], and mechanical ventilation [OR 1.130, 95% CI (1.064-1.200), p=0.0001] were independently associated with the composite of BPD or death. Among infants who developed BPD, 27 were classified as grade I and 18 as grade II BPD, respectively. Infants with grade II BPD had prolonged MV (20.0 vs. 9.0 days, p=0.024), prolonged exposure to PDA of any grade (55.8 vs. 36.0 days, p=0.03) and prolonged exposure to large (E3) PDA compared with infants with grade I BPD.Conclusions: Prolonged exposure to a larger PDA was associated with severe respiratory morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The modulator role of early intervention, in the most pathologic shunts, on severe respiratory morbidity in preterm infants should be tested in well-designed clinical trials.
Embracing the Choices of Now: Wisdom from those at End-of-Life
Authors: Stahnke Brittany , Davis Roxxi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: There is little research focused on the elderly, despite this being the fastest-growing age group. The last phase of life brings with it unique wisdom and life advice that can be used to guide all people in their journeys. Illness or coming to an older age can begin a journey of growth and acceptance. The purpose of this study was to provide scholarship detailing advice and learnings of those in this unique and final life stage.Methods: Nine participants were interviewed, and transcripts were analyzed in a phenomenological manner.Results: Participants discussed topics of pain, family, and marital success. The importance of choice in the lives we live, as well as marriage as hard work, were some main trends that presented.Conclusions: Family was the most important part of these lives; however, with or without family, one also benefits from a sense of accomplishment and pride in themselves.Trial registration: N/A