bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[18F]FDG-PET/CT radiomics for the identification of genetic clusters in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Noortman Wyanne A. , Vriens Dennis , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee , Slump Cornelis H. , Aarntzen Erik H. , van Berkel Anouk , Timmers Henri J. L. M. , van Velden Floris H. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Based on germline and somatic mutation profiles, pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) can be classified into different clusters. We investigated the use of [18F]FDG-PET/CT radiomics, SUVmax and biochemical profile for the identification of the genetic clusters of PPGLs.

Methods
In this single-centre cohort, 40 PPGLs (13 cluster 1, 18 cluster 2, 9 sporadic) were delineated using a 41% adaptive threshold of SUVpeak ([18F]FDG-PET) and manually (low-dose CT; ldCT). Using PyRadiomics, 211 radiomic features were extracted. Stratified 5-fold cross-validation for the identification of the genetic cluster was performed using multinomial logistic regression with dimensionality reduction incorporated per fold. Classification performances of biochemistry, SUVmax and PET(/CT) radiomic models were compared and presented as mean (multiclass) test AUCs over the five folds. Results were validated using a sham experiment, randomly shuffling the outcome labels.

Results
The model with biochemistry only could identify the genetic cluster (multiclass AUC 0.60). The three-factor PET model had the best classification performance (multiclass AUC 0.88). A simplified model with only SUVmax performed almost similarly. Addition of ldCT features and biochemistry decreased the classification performances. All sham AUCs were approximately 0.50.

Conclusion
PET radiomics achieves a better identification of PPGLs compared to biochemistry, SUVmax, ldCT radiomics and combined approaches, especially for the differentiation of sporadic PPGLs. Nevertheless, a model with SUVmax alone might be preferred clinically, weighing model performances against laborious radiomic analysis. The limited added value of radiomics to the overall classification performance for PPGL should be validated in a larger external cohort.

Key Points
• Radiomics derived from [18F]FDG-PET/CT has the potential to improve the identification of the genetic clusters of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
• A simplified model with SUVmaxonly might be preferred clinically, weighing model performances against the laborious radiomic analysis.
• Cluster 1 and 2 PPGLs generally present distinctive characteristics that can be captured using [18F]FDG-PET imaging. Sporadic PPGLs appear more heterogeneous, frequently resembling cluster 2 PPGLs and occasionally resembling cluster 1 PPGLs.
Morrey’s Conjecture for the Planar Volumetric-Isochoric Split: Least Rank-One Convex Energy Functions
Authors: Voss Jendrik , Martin Robert J. , Ghiba Ionel-Dumitrel , Neff Patrizio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider Morrey’s open question whether rank-one convexity already implies quasiconvexity in the planar case. For some specific families of energies, there are precise conditions known under which rank-one convexity even implies polyconvexity. We will extend some of these findings to the more general family of energies $$W{:}{\text {GL}}^+(n)\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

W
:

GL

+

(
n
)

→
R

with an additive volumetric-isochoric split, i.e. $$\begin{aligned} W(F)=W_{\mathrm{iso}}(F)+W_{\mathrm{vol}}(\det F)={\widetilde{W}}_{\mathrm{iso}}\bigg (\frac{F}{\sqrt{\det F}}\bigg )+W_{\mathrm{vol}}(\det F)\,, \end{aligned}$$

W

(
F
)

=

W
iso

(
F
)

+

W
vol

(
det
F
)

=

W
~

iso

(

F

det
F

)

+

W
vol

(
det
F
)

,

which is the natural finite extension of isotropic linear elasticity. Our approach is based on a condition for rank-one convexity which was recently derived from the classical two-dimensional criterion by Knowles and Sternberg and consists of a family of one-dimensional coupled differential inequalities. We identify a number of “least” rank-one convex energies and, in particular, show that for planar volumetric-isochorically split energies with a concave volumetric part, the question of whether rank-one convexity implies quasiconvexity can be reduced to the open question of whether the rank-one convex energy function $$\begin{aligned} W_{\mathrm{magic}}^{+}(F)=\frac{\lambda _{\mathrm{max}}}{\lambda _{\mathrm{min}}}-\log \frac{\lambda _{\mathrm{max}}}{\lambda _{\mathrm{min}}}+\log \det F=\frac{\lambda _{\mathrm{max}}}{\lambda _{\mathrm{min}}}+2\log \lambda _{\mathrm{min}} \end{aligned}$$

W

magic

+

(
F
)

=

λ
max

λ
min

-
log

λ
max

λ
min

+
log
det
F
=

λ
max

λ
min

+
2
log

λ
min

is quasiconvex. In addition, we demonstrate that under affine boundary conditions, $$W_{\mathrm{magic}}^+(F)$$

W

magic

+

(
F
)

allows for non-trivial inhomogeneous deformations with the same energy level as the homogeneous solution, and show a surprising connection to the work of Burkholder and Iwaniec in the field of complex analysis.
Getting to the root of the problem: new evidence for the use of plant root foods in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence in Europe
Authors: Bishop Rosie R. , Kubiak-Martens Lucy , Warren Graeme M. , Church Mike J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents new evidence for the harvesting of edible plant roots and tubers at Northton, a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer site on Harris, in the Western Isles of Scotland, in the north-west corner of Europe. The excavations uncovered abundant root tuber remains of Ficaria verna Huds. (lesser celandine), an excellent high energy and carbohydrate-rich food source, and produced the first evidence for the use of tubers of Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler (bitter-vetch) at a hunter-gatherer site in Europe. Here we report on the analysis of the charred root and tuber remains and other charred plant macrofossils from the site and consider the significance of these results within the wider context of European hunter-gatherer subsistence. The wide range of root and tuber taxa recovered from European hunter-gatherer sites and the importance of appropriate sampling on hunter-gatherer sites are highlighted.
Inhibition of beta-catenin shows therapeutic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Maier Tobias , Stoiber Stefan , Gurnhofer Elisabeth , Haas Markus , Kenner Lukas , Heiduschka Gregor , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz , Brkic Faris F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBeta-catenin is known to be a vital component of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade, involved in the carcinogenesis of different solid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Beta-catenin inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro. The small molecular compound MSAB was used to inhibit Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling in a human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative cell line and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, apoptosis, as well as radiosensitizing properties were assessed. Significant antineoplastic effects were observed in both cell lines. Interestingly, stronger anti-neoplastic and radiosensitizing effects were observed in the HPV-negative cell line, whereas stronger anti-migratory potential was detected in HPV-positive HNSCC cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest MSAB as a potential therapeutic agent for HNSCC. Further studies are warranted to unravel the mechanistic background of our findings.
Craniofacial superimposition: a review of focus distance estimation methods and an extension to profile view photographs
Authors: Stephan Carl N. , Healy Sean , Bultitude Hamish , Glen Chris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Craniofacial superimposition concerns the photographic overlay of skulls and faces, for skeletal identification. As a phased method that depends on photographic optics first and anatomical comparisons second, superimposition is strongly underpinned by the physics of light travel through glass lenses. So that the downstream (and dependent) anatomical evaluations are not thwarted or erroneous identification decisions risked, it is critical that the optical prerequisites for valid image comparisons are met. As focus distance sets the perspective, the focus distance used for skull photography must be matched to that used at face photography, so that anatomically comparable 1:1 images are obtained. In this paper, we review the pertinent camera optics that set these nonnegotiable fundamentals and review a recently proposed method for focus distance estimation. We go beyond the original method descriptions to explain the mathematical justification for the PerspectiveX algorithm and provide an extension to profile images. This enables the first scientifically grounded use of profile view (or partial profile view) photographs in craniofacial superimposition. Proof of concept is provided by multiple worked examples of the focus distance estimation for frontal and profile view images of three of the authors at known focus distances. This innovation (1) removes longstanding trial-and-error components of present-day superimposition methods, (2) provides the first systematic and complete optical basis for image comparison in craniofacial superimposition, and (3) will enable anatomical comparison standards to be established from a valid grassroots basis where complexities of camera vantage point are removed as interfering factors.
Delay in arrival: lineage-specific influence of haemosporidians on autumn migration of European robins
Authors: Ágh Nóra , Csörgő Tibor , Szöllősi Eszter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHaemosporidian blood parasites are widely used in evolutionary ecological research when exploring the effects of parasites on different life-history traits of their bird hosts. However, their roles in bird migration are less studied. If these parasites deteriorate the body condition of the birds strongly, they might negatively affect the whole migration phenology and the survival of the birds as well. In our study, we tested the relationships between infection for parasite genera (HaemoproteusorPlasmodium), the three most frequent parasite lineages and body condition (body mass, fat deposit), and the timing of autumn migration in the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula). We found that mean body mass and fat scores did not differ between parasitized and non-parasitized individuals, but infected juveniles arrived later than their non-infected counterparts. The difference in the arrival time of parasitized and non-parasitized birds was greater in the case ofHaemoproteusinfections. However, when we analysed the effects of the distinct parasite lineages separately, we found that prevalence of parasite lineages correlated with the body mass, fat storage, and timing of autumn migration of the birds in a different direction. Our results therefore emphasize the importance of testing the impacts of the different parasites individually, because possible lineage-specific effects on bird condition during migration might exist.
Identification of loci controlling timing of stem elongation in red clover using genotyping by sequencing of pooled phenotypic extremes
Authors: Ergon Åshild , Milvang Øystein W. , Skøt Leif , Ruttink Tom 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Through selective genotyping of pooled phenotypic extremes, we identified a number of loci and candidate genes putatively controlling timing of stem elongation in red clover.

Abstract
We have identified candidate genes controlling the timing of stem elongation prior to flowering in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This trait is of ecological and agronomic significance, as it affects fitness, competitivity, climate adaptation, forage and seed yield, and forage quality. We genotyped replicate pools of phenotypically extreme individuals (early and late-elongating) within cultivar Lea using genotyping-by-sequencing in pools (pool-GBS). After calling and filtering SNPs and GBS locus haplotype polymorphisms, we estimated allele frequencies and searched for markers with significantly different allele frequencies in the two phenotypic groups using BayeScan, an FST-based test utilizing replicate pools, and a test based on error variance of replicate pools. Of the three methods, BayeScan was the least stringent, and the error variance-based test the most stringent. Fifteen significant markers were identified in common by all three tests. The candidate genes flanking the markers include genes with potential roles in the vernalization, autonomous, and photoperiod regulation of floral transition, hormonal regulation of stem elongation, and cell growth. These results provide a first insight into the potential genes and mechanisms controlling transition to stem elongation in a perennial legume, which lays a foundation for further functional studies of the genetic determinants regulating this important trait.
A review of the content and psychometric properties of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) measures used to assess fatigue in intervention studies
Authors: Campbell Rachel , Bultijnck Renée , Ingham Gemma , Sundaram Chindhu Shunmuga , Wiley Joshua F. , Yee Jasmine , Dhillon Haryana M. , Shaw Joanne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and debilitating consequence of cancer and its treatment. Numerous supportive care interventions have been developed to alleviate CRF; however, the diversity of outcome measures used to assess CRF limits comparability of findings. We aimed to evaluate the content and psychometric properties of measures used to assess CRF in interventions targeting fatigue, to inform the selection of suitable measures in future research.

Methods
Included measures were identified from a systematic review of interventions targeting CRF. General characteristics of each measure were extracted, and item content was assessed against domains specified by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) definition of CRF. Psychometric properties were evaluated against COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of heath Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria.

Results
Of 54 measures identified, 25 met inclusion criteria. Seventeen were fatigue-specific and eight a fatigue subscale or single item within a broader measure. Only 14 (56%) were specifically developed for cancer populations. Content coverage according to the NCCN CRF definition ranged from 0 to 75%. Evidence for fulfilment of COSMIN criteria in cancer populations ranged from 0 to 93%, with only five measures meeting > 70% of the COSMIN criteria.

Conclusion
The Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised had good content coverage, but did not comprehensively address COSMIN criteria. The EORTC-FA12 and FACIT/FACT-F had excellent psychometric properties, with each capturing different aspects of fatigue. Ultimately, the choice of CRF measure should be guided by the research question and the CRF domains most relevant to the particular research context.
Non-homogeneous Dirichlet-transmission problems for the anisotropic Stokes and Navier-Stokes systems in Lipschitz domains with transversal interfaces
Authors: Kohr Mirela , Mikhailov Sergey E. , Wendland Wolfgang L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is build around the stationary anisotropic Stokes and Navier-Stokes systems with an $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

-tensor coefficient satisfying an ellipticity condition in terms of symmetric matrices in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n\times n}$$

R

n
×
n

with zero matrix traces. We analyze, in $$L^2$$

L
2

-based Sobolev spaces, the non-homogeneous boundary value problems of Dirichlet-transmission type for the anisotropic Stokes and Navier-Stokes systems in a compressible framework in a bounded Lipschitz domain with a transversal Lipschitz interface in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

($$n=2,3$$

n
=
2
,
3

for the nonlinear problems). Thus, the interface intersects transversally the boundary of the Lipschitz domain and divides the domain into two Lipschitz sub-domains. First, we use a mixed variational approach to prove the well-posedness of linear problems related to the anisotropic Stokes system. Then we show the existence of a weak solution to the Dirichlet and Dirichlet-transmission problems for the nonlinear anisotropic Navier-Stokes system. This is done by implementing the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem and using various results and estimates from the linear case, as well as the Leray-Hopf and some other norm inequalities. Explicit conditions for uniqueness of solutions to the nonlinear problems are also provided.
Convergence rates for the Allen–Cahn equation with boundary contact energy: the non-perturbative regime
Authors: Hensel Sebastian , Moser Maximilian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe extend the recent rigorous convergence result of Abels and Moser (SIAM J Math Anal 54(1):114–172, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1137/21M1424925) concerning convergence rates for solutions of the Allen–Cahn equation with a nonlinear Robin boundary condition towards evolution by mean curvature flow with constant contact angle. More precisely, in the present work we manage to remove the perturbative assumption on the contact angle being close to 90$$^\circ $$

∘

. We establish under usual double-well type assumptions on the potential and for a certain class of boundary energy densities the sub-optimal convergence rate of order $${\varepsilon ^{\frac{1}{2}}}$$

ε

1
2

for general contact angles $$\alpha \in (0,\pi )$$

α
∈
(
0
,
π
)

. For a very specific form of the boundary energy density, we even obtain from our methods a sharp convergence rate of order $$\varepsilon $$
ε
; again for general contact angles $$\alpha \in (0,\pi )$$

α
∈
(
0
,
π
)

. Our proof deviates from the popular strategy based on rigorous asymptotic expansions and stability estimates for the linearized Allen–Cahn operator. Instead, we follow the recent approach by Fischer et al. (SIAM J Math Anal 52(6):6222–6233, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1137/20M1322182), thus relying on a relative entropy technique. We develop a careful adaptation of their approach in order to encode the constant contact angle condition. In fact, we perform this task at the level of the notion of gradient flow calibrations. This concept was recently introduced in the context of weak-strong uniqueness for multiphase mean curvature flow by Fischer et al. (arXiv:2003.05478v2).
Harmonic extension technique for non-symmetric operators with completely monotone kernels
Authors: Kwaśnicki Mateusz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe identify a class of non-local integro-differential operators $$K$$
K
in $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
with Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps in the half-plane $$\mathbb {R}\times (0, \infty )$$

R
×
(
0
,
∞
)

for appropriate elliptic operators $$L$$
L
. More precisely, we prove a bijective correspondence between Lévy operators $$K$$
K
with non-local kernels of the form $$\nu (y - x)$$

ν
(
y
-
x
)

, where $$\nu (x)$$

ν
(
x
)

and $$\nu (-x)$$

ν
(
-
x
)

are completely monotone functions on $$(0, \infty )$$

(
0
,
∞
)

, and elliptic operators $$L= a(y) \partial _{xx} + 2 b(y) \partial _{x y} + \partial _{yy}$$

L
=
a

(
y
)

∂

xx

+
2
b

(
y
)

∂

xy

+

∂

yy

. This extends a number of previous results in the area, where symmetric operators have been studied: the classical identification of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for the Laplace operator in $$\mathbb {R}\times (0, \infty )$$

R
×
(
0
,
∞
)

with $$-\sqrt{-\partial _{xx}}$$

-

-

∂

xx

, the square root of one-dimensional Laplace operator; the Caffarelli–Silvestre identification of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for $$\nabla \cdot (y^{1 - \alpha } \nabla )$$

∇
·
(

y

1
-
α

∇
)

with $$(-\partial _{xx})^{\alpha /2}$$

(
-

∂

xx

)

α
/
2

for $$\alpha \in (0, 2)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
2
)

; and the identification of Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps for operators $$a(y) \partial _{xx} + \partial _{yy}$$

a

(
y
)

∂

xx

+

∂

yy

with complete Bernstein functions of $$-\partial _{xx}$$

-

∂

xx

due to Mucha and the author. Our results rely on recent extension of Krein’s spectral theory of strings by Eckhardt and Kostenko.
Are we promoting boys and girls equally? An analysis of boys’ and girls’ participation in community prevention
Authors: Weyers Simone , Kreffter Katharina , Götz Simon , Nguyen Thuy H. , Lisak-Wahl Stefanie , Fischer Inken , Wessely Stefanie , Joisten Christine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aim
Despite consensus that prevention and health promotion need to address gender aspects and differences, not much is known about how boys and girls in infancy (or their parents) make use of existing non-medical community programmes. The aim of the study was therefore to analyse the extent to which boys and girls or their parents in distinct social circumstances participate in respective programmes.

Subject and methods
We conducted secondary analyses for two study samples: The COLIPRE Study includes (n = 6.480) pre-schoolers from Duesseldorf; the SKILLS Study includes (n = 637) pre-schoolers and school children from Cologne. Social circumstances included parental education, employment status, family status, migration background, mother language and neighbourhood deprivation. Prevention participation included programmes for a healthy diet, physical activity, child education and language development. We used Poisson regressions to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age, siblings and BMI, stratified for boys and girls.

Results
In both studies, we observed no gender differences in general participation. Taking a range of social circumstances into account, we found that boys and girls with specific disadvantages were underrepresented in programmes to promote a healthy diet, physical activity and child education. By contrast, boys and girls with a migration background participate in language promotion programmes more often than their German-native peers.

Conclusion
More effort should be put into developing programmes for boys and girls and their parents in difficult social circumstances.
A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Process Factors in Mental Health Treatment for Autistic Youth
Authors: Albaum Carly S. , Vashi Nisha , Bohr Yvonne , Weiss Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the role of therapeutic process factors in treatment change may prove useful for discerning why some autistic youth benefit from psychosocial interventions that target emotional and psychological aspects of mental health, while others do not. The aim of the current study was to synthesize what is currently known about therapeutic process factors in mental health treatment of emotional and psychological challenges for autistic youth, regarding how process factors have been measured in past research, and the relation between process factors and treatment outcome. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to narratively synthesize all articles published up until June 2021. Methodological quality of included studies was appraised. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria. Process factors assessed across studies included relational factors; treatment expectations, readiness, and satisfaction; and treatment engagement from youth and their parents. Process-outcome associations were reported for a limited number of constructs. There is a limited, albeit growing, body of high-quality research evaluating the role of process factors in the treatment of mental health issues for autistic youth. Future research should continue to examine process factors in relation to treatment outcome, and validate measures to accurately capture process-related constructs in mental health treatment for this population. Greater understanding of therapy processes can lead to developing evidence-informed strategies that clinicians can implement to promote positive expectations, relationships, and engagement.