bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusion of females in autism research: Empirical evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Frosch Isabelle R. , Li Cindy E. , Cardinaux Annie L. , Gabrieli John D.E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Notably, males are four times as likely as females to be diagnosed with autism. Despite efforts to increase representation and characterization of autistic females, research studies consistently enroll small samples of females, or exclude females altogether. Importantly, researchers often rely on standardized measures to confirm diagnosis prior to enrollment in research studies. We retrospectively analyzed the effects of one such measure (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS) on research inclusion/exclusion rates by sex in autistic adults, all of whom had a preexisting community diagnosis of autism (n = 145, 95 male, 50 female). Using the ADOS as a confirmatory diagnostic measure resulted in the exclusion of autistic females at a rate over 2.5 times higher than that of autistic males. We compared sex ratios in our sample to those in other large, publically available datasets that rely either on community diagnosis (6 datasets, total n = 42,209) or standardized assessments (2 datasets, total n = 214) to determine eligibility of participants for research. Reliance on community diagnosis rather than confirmatory diagnostic assessments resulted in significantly more equal sex ratios. These results provide evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline for females in autism research.Lay SummaryDespite efforts to increase the representation of autistic females in research, studies consistently enroll small samples of females or exclude females altogether. We find that despite making up almost 50% of the initially recruited sample based upon self‐report of community diagnosis, autistic females are disproportonately excluded from research participation as a result of commonly used autism diagnostic measures. In our sample, and several other publically available datasets, reliance on community diagnosis resulted in significantly more equal sex ratios.
Efficacy of various adjuvant chemotherapy methods in preventing liver metastasis from potentially curative colorectal cancer: A systematic review network meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Liu Xianwei , Liu Qisheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Yu Wenbing , Bao Xinmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeVarious chemotherapy administration methods have been used to prevent liver metastasis (LM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This network meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy of these different methods in preventing LM in CRC patients who underwent curative surgery.MethodA systematic search of randomized controlled trials reporting the efficacy of various adjuvant chemotherapy methods in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery was conducted. The primary outcome was the LM rate.ResultsThis network meta‐analysis included 19 studies reporting on 12,588 participants, comparing portal vein infusion chemotherapy (PVIC) versus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) versus systematic chemotherapy (SC) versus surgery alone. The HAIC group had the lowest LM rate when compared to the other three groups (odds ratio [OR] of PVIC vs. HAIC: 1.86; OR of SC vs. HAIC: 1.98; and HAIC vs. surgery alone: 0.43). The LM rate did not differ significantly between PVIC, SC, and surgery alone. The recurrence rates were lower for PVIC and HAIC than for surgery alone (the ORs for PVIC and HAIC were 0.73 [95% CI: 0.58–0.92] and 0.45 [95% CI: 0.26–0.77]). The mortality rates of patients undergoing PVIC and HAIC were lower than that of patients undergoing surgery alone (the ORs for PVIC and HAIC were 0.77 [95% CI: 0.64–0.93] and 0.49 [95% CI: 0.24–0.98]). Anastomotic leakage, cardiopulmonary leakage, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, oral ulceration, wound infection, or ileus did not differ significantly between the four groups. PVIC showed the highest hepatic toxicity rate compared to those for SC, HAIC, and surgery alone.ConclusionHAIC might be a satisfactory method for preventing LM in patients with CRC undergoing curative surgery.
Parental substance misuse and statutory child protection in England: Risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Roy Jessica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParental substance misuse is a significant child welfare issue and associated with increased risk of child maltreatment. The aim of the present study was to understand what social care outcomes children who live with parental substance misuse have, and to assess factors associated with those social care outcomes over a two‐year period. The paper reports on a retrospective longitudinal study of 299 children all living with parental substance misuse and referred to one local authority in England. Data were collected from children's social work case files about procedural social care outcomes and factors which may be associated with those outcomes.Using cluster analysis, a new typology of children's longitudinal trajectories through the children's social care system was developed, consisting of five distinct types. Analysis indicated that some children received too little intervention from children's social care despite ongoing concerns, while other children were potentially unnecessarily caught up in the social care system. Factors associated with children having the poorest outcomes were: caregiver instability resulting from substance misuse, parenting capacity and household instability. The study's findings indicate that some children who live with parental substance misuse are at significant risk of harm, but others are not and may be better supported through non‐statutory services such as early help.
Managing vertical dimensions in patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A case report
Authors: Farao Warren , Roomaney Imaan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by inherited developmental defects of enamel. Patients with AI often have progressive and severe loss of occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD), resulting in challenging dental rehabilitation. In this case report, we present the management of a 24‐year‐old male patient who previously underwent orthodontics, direct and indirect restorations, and continued to have progressive tooth wear. His vertical dimensions were restored in two phases, firstly with provisional restorations at the improved OVD, followed by a combination of monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate full‐coverage crowns. A removable acrylic appliance was then constructed to protect his teeth. This report emphasizes the importance of preserving and protecting the OVD from an early age to prevent more costly and complicated management in future.
Prenatal overgrowth and polydramnios: Would you think about Noonan syndrome?
Authors: Beltrami Benedetta , Cerasani Jacopo , Consales Alessandra , Villa Roberta , Resta Nicoletta , Loconte Daria Carmela , Boito Simona , Caschera Luca , Bassi Laura , Colombo Lorenzo , Iascone Maria , Bedeschi Maria Francesca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report on a child with prenatal findings of increased nuchal translucency, polydramnios, ascites, and overgrowth. At birth, she presented length >97° centile, minor facial anomalies, megalencephaly, and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Whole‐exome sequencing showed a pathogenic variant in the NRAS gene, but no mutations were found in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Bubble Departure Frequency for Pool‐Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Hamzekhani Samane , Shahraki Farhad , Mohebbi-Kalhori Davood , Fardinpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe artificial neural network (ANN) method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to predict the bubble departure frequency for the pool‐boiling heat transfer of pure liquids, by using experimental data. The effects of vapor‐liquid density difference, vapor‐liquid viscosity difference, surface tension, thermal conductivity, and heat flux on the departure frequency of vapor bubbles were investigated by RSM and ANN. The results showed that the outputs of the ANN and RSM had a suitable overlap with the experimental data, but the RSM model was more accurate than the ANN model.
Natural Ball Clay Ceramic Membrane Fabrication Using Full Factorial Design for Screening
Authors: Azaman Fazureen , Muhamad Nor Mohd Al Amin , Wan Abdullah Wan Rafizah , Razali Mohd Hasmizam , Che Zulkifli Rumaizah , Ali Asmadi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA screening design is used to assess a large number of process or design parameters to identify the most influential factors that affect the process performance. This study investigates factors affecting the fabrication of natural ball clay (NBC) ceramic membranes using the 24 full factorial design (FFD) with two replications at each point. The factors studied were: particle size of the sawdust, percentage of sawdust, amount of binder, and sintering temperature. The FFD study results indicated that the sawdust particle size and the percentage of sawdust had a positive impact on the porosity and mechanical strength of the NBC ceramic membrane. This demonstrates the importance of performing a screening experiment prior to an extensive investigation of certain factors such as in the optimization studies.
CdS Decorated on Hierarchically Structured Single Crystal TiO2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical H2 Generation
Authors: Raza Waseem , Kerketta Ujjaval , Hwang Imgon , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSingle crystal anatase TiO2 nanosheets (TNS) were grown on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and then modified via multiple TiCl4 treatments to produce a hierarchical TiO2 structure. This high surface area hierarchical structure was then decorated with CdS (as a visible light absorber) using SILAR treatments. The resulting photoanodes provide a greatly enhanced photoelectrochemical H2 generation capability. For the optimized TiO2 and CdS decorated TNS electrode, a photocurrent magnitude of 3.5mA/cm2 at 0.5V Ag/AgCl (under AM 1.5G, 100mW/cm2) was obtained, and an applied bias to photoconversion efficiency (ABPE) of 2.5% could be reached. The increase in the specific surface was provided by the hierarchical TiO2 structure responsible for the improved performance in comparison to the plain, non‐hierarchical electrode with an ABPE=0.8%. Even after particle decoration, the rapid electron flow through the single‐crystalline scaffold was maintained. Consequently, the photoanode presented here best integrates in a synergistic manner, a larger surface area, a fast electron transport, and effective visible light harvesting properties.
Pushing the Limits of Nucleic Acid Function
Authors: Curtis Edward A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor many decades it was thought that information storage and information transfer were the main functions of nucleic acids. However, artificial evolution experiments have shown that the functional potential of DNA and RNA is much greater. Here I provide an overview of this technique and highlight recent advances which have increased its potency. I also describe how artificial evolution has been used to identify nucleic acids with extreme functions. These include deoxyribozymes that generate unusual products such as light, tiny motifs made up of fewer than ten nucleotides, ribozymes that catalyze complex reactions such as RNA polymerization, information‐rich sequences that encode overlapping ribozymes, motifs that catalyze reactions at rates too fast to be followed by manual pipetting, and functional nucleic acids which are active in extreme conditions. Such motifs highlight the limits of our knowledge and provide clues about as of yet undiscovered functions of DNA and RNA.
CO2 Separation by Imide/Imine Organic Cages
Authors: La Cognata Sonia , Mobili Riccardo , Milanese Chiara , Boiocchi Massimo , Gaboardi Mattia , Armentano Donatella , Jansen Johannes Carolus , Monteleone Marcello , Antonangelo Ariana R. , Carta Mariolino , Amendola Valeria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Valeria Amendola at the University of Pavia, Mariolino Carta at the University of Swansea, and Johannes C. Jansen at the CNR‐ITM. The image depicts one of the novel imide/imine organic cages that were employed as fillers in mixed‐matrix membranes for the selective separation of CO2 from N2 and CH4. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201631.
Synthesis of Sustainable Fuels and Intermediates from Ethanol and Methanol
Authors: Peters Martin , Menne Andreas , Gielisch Hendrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigher alcohols represent a highly interesting group of substances for fuels or as intermediates for the production of chemicals. Current production pathways for higher alcohols are based on fossil resources. Sustainable and largely available alcohols are methanol based on CO2or ethanol based on biomass. ethanol and methanol can be used to produce higher alcohols in a heterogeneous catalytic process employing a Guerbet reaction. The resulting mixture consists of mainly branched and linear alcohols with a chain length distribution ranging from three to eight carbon atoms. The mixture displays very advantageous properties as fuel blend and feedstock for further processes to produce jet fuel or synthetic naphtha.
Risk of malignancy assessment of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: Experience in a community hospital setting and comparison with other studies
Authors: Sun Tong , Wang Minhua , Wang He 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) was published recently to provide standard reporting terminology for serous fluid. To date, several ISRSFC reclassification studies have reported a wide range of diagnostic category frequency and the associated risk of malignancy (ROM). Herein, the authors applied the ISRSFC to report pleural and peritoneal effusions retrospectively in a community hospital setting.MethodsWith Internal Review Board approval, 446 peritoneal effusion specimens and 299 pleural fluid specimens from 576 patients in three community hospitals over a 12‐month period were reviewed and reclassified according to the ISRSFC.ResultsAfter reclassification, in pleural effusions, 18 (5.0%) were nondiagnostic (ND), 273 (76.0%) were negative for malignancy (NFM), 18 (5.0%) were atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 6 (1.7%) were suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 44 (12.3%) were malignant (MAL). In peritoneal effusions, after reclassification, 11 (5.5%) were ND, 168 (77.1%) were NFM, 9 (4.1%) were AUS, 2 (0.9%) were SFM, and 27 (12.4%) were MAL. The calculated ROM was 0.0% for ND, 1.8% for NFM, 37.5% for AUS, 83.3% for SFM, and 100.0% for MAL in peritoneal effusions; and the ROM was 8.3% for ND, 1.2% for NFM, 44.4% for AUS, and 100.0% for both SFM and MAL in pleural effusions. Further analysis demonstrated notable heterogeneity among published ISRSFC reclassification studies, although the overall ROMs did not differ significantly from the ISRSFC‐determined ROMs (all p values were > .05 for mean ROM comparisons).ConclusionsThe findings suggested the necessity for each laboratory to perform its own ROM analysis based on its statistics for ISRSFC‐tiered classification terminology.
Advances and Challenges of AgSbSe2‐based Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Cui Jingjing , Tang Xinfeng , Tan Gangjian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThermoelectric materials have aroused wide attention because of the capability to directly convert heat into electricity. AgSbSe2 is a structural analogue of PbTe but does not contain toxic element Pb or expensive element Te. Besides, it possesses both high Seebeck coefficient and inherently low thermal conductivity, making AgSbSe2 a competitive candidate for mid‐temperature thermoelectric power generation. This review summarizes the most recent updates of AgSbSe2‐based thermoelectric compounds. It starts with a general introduction of the crystal and electronic band structures of pristine AgSbSe2 with particular emphasis on the debate about whether cations arrangement is ordered or disordered. We then discuss why AgSbSe2 displays glass‐like heat conduction despite its crystalline nature. Subsequently, the strategies of boosting the electrical properties of the titled compound are elaborated. Finally, we point out the challenges and outlooks toward the future development of AgSbSe2‐based thermoelectric materials.
Bioequivalence of China‐ and Germany‐Manufactured Metformin Extended‐Release Tablets Under Fed and Fasted Conditions in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Way Crossover Study
Authors: Hu Chaoying , Pei Tong , Li Dandan , Zhou Dongli , Zhang Lan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe compared the bioequivalence, pharmacokinetics, and safety of metformin extended‐release (MXR) tablets manufactured by Merck Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd (Nantong, China) and Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) after a single oral dose under fasted/fed conditions. In this open‐label phase 1 study, 54 healthy volunteers (fasted, n = 38; fed, n = 16) were randomly assigned to receive one 500‐mg MXR tablet that was manufactured by Merck Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing (Jiangsu) Co. or Merck KGaA. Respectively, the mean terminal half‐life was 7.5 and 6.8 hours in the fasted group, and 6.7 and 9.1 hours in the fed group. Median times to maximum observed concentration were 3 and 4 hours (fasted group) and 6 hours (both products, fed group). No significant differences were observed in the metformin plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last sampling time and maximum observed concentration between products. Geometric least square mean ratios for maximum observed concentration, AUC from time 0 to the last sampling time, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were nearly 100%; the corresponding 90%CIs for bioequivalence were within 80% to 125%. Diarrhea (26.4%), abdominal pain (5.7%), and nausea (3.8%) were the most common adverse events (AEs); AEs were mild. The mean AUC from time 0 to infinity (test and reference) was substantially increased by ≈45% in the fed condition (equivalent to a 1.5‐fold dose increase); this means food increased net systemic availability but had no impact on AE incidence. This was considered in the study design, which included MXR administration with evening meals. MXR tablets were bioequivalent under fasted/fed conditions and were safe and well tolerated.
A Mouse Model of Celiac Disease
Authors: Abadie Valérie , Khosla Chaitan , Jabri Bana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe design and use of mouse models that reproduce key features of human diseases are critical to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to test new therapeutic strategies. Celiac disease is a unique organ‐specific autoimmune‐like disorder occurring in genetically susceptible individuals carrying HLA‐DQ2 or HLA‐DQ8 molecules who consume gluten. The key histological characteristic of the disease in humans is the destruction of the lining of the small intestine, a feature that has been difficult to reproduce in immunocompetent animal models. This unit describes the DQ8‐Dd‐villin‐IL‐15 transgenic mouse model of CeD, which was engineered based on the knowledge acquired from studying CeD patients’ intestinal samples, and which represents the first animal model that develops villous atrophy in an HLA‐ and gluten‐dependent manner without administration of any adjuvant. We provide detailed protocols for inducing and monitoring intestinal tissue damage, evaluating the cytotoxic properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes that mediate enterocyte lysis, and assessing the activation of the enzyme transglutaminase 2, which contributes to the generation of highly immunogenic gluten peptides. Detailed protocols to prepare pepsin‐trypsin digested gliadin (PT‐gliadin) or chymotrypsin‐digested gliadin (CT‐gliadin), which allow antibody detection against native or deamidated gluten peptides, are also provided in this unit. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Induction of celiac‐like disease in DQ8‐Dd‐villin‐IL‐15tg miceBasic Protocol 2: Histological assessment of villous atrophySupport Protocol 1: Morphometric assessment of villous/crypt ratioSupport Protocol 2: Evaluation of epithelial cells renewalSupport Protocol 3: Evaluation of the density of intraepithelial lymphocytesBasic Protocol 3: Analysis of cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytesBasic Protocol 4: Transglutaminase 2 activation and measurement of antibodies against native and deamidated gluten peptidesSupport Protocol 4: Preparation of CT‐gliadinSupport Protocol 5: Preparation of PT‐gliadin
The effect of two calcium phosphate‐containing agents on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization: An experimental study
Authors: Molaasadolah Fatemeh , Hosseinipour Zohre Sadat , Afzali Fatemeh , Parhizkar Ardavan , Poorzandpoush Kiana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe main purpose of this experimental study was to determine the in vitro effects of two calcium phosphate‐containing agents (Remin Pro® and GC Tooth mousse™) on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization.MethodsFifty extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups; that is the control group and three case groups treated with Remin Pro®, GC Tooth mousse™, and sodium fluoride gel. The three case groups were treated with 0.25 ml of the paste associated with each experimental group for 5 min, kept in fluoride‐free artificial saliva, and incubated at 37°C for 28 days. After the treatment regimen, 10 samples of each case group were subjected to demineralization using an acetic acid‐containing solution, and remineralization using a remineralizing solution. The morphology of enamel was observed via scanning electron microscopy and their enamel calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios were measured before/after the demineralization cycle with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests.ResultsThe enamel Ca/P ratios in the case study groups were significantly higher than that of the control group before/after the demineralization regimen (p < .0001). However, the ratios were not significantly different between the case study groups after the treatment regimen and demineralization cycle (p > .05).ConclusionThe outcomes of the current study indicated that all three agents seemed to increase the enamel resistance of permanent molar teeth to demineralization.