bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incumbency and Identity: The 2021 Senedd Election
Authors: Larner Jac M , Wyn Jones Richard , Poole Ed Gareth , Surridge Paula , Wincott Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Taking place amid a global pandemic, the 2021 Senedd Election saw Welsh Labour returned as the largest party at the sixth consecutive occasion since the institution’s founding in 1999. Results for opposition parties were mixed: the Conservatives achieved their highest ever vote share but their seat tally fell short of pre-election expectations, and Plaid Cymru again made little progress. Using data from the 2021 Welsh Election Study, we explore the election campaign and results, and offer a first analysis of vote choice. We find that Labour not only benefitted from incumbency advantages drawn from voters’ approval of the Welsh Government’s handling of the pandemic, but through its use of symbols, branding and messaging, the party continues to remain attuned to a national identity position that broadly aligns with that of the electorate as a whole.
Regulation of ppGpp Synthesis and Its Impact on Chloroplast Biogenesis during Early Leaf Development in Rice
Authors: Ito Kazuhiro , Ito Doshun , Goto Mina , Suzuki Sae , Masuda Shinji , Iba Koh , Kusumi Kensuke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) is known as an alarmone that mediates bacterial stress responses. In plants, ppGpp is synthesized in chloroplasts from GTP and ATP and functions as a regulator of chloroplast gene expression to affect photosynthesis and plant growth. This observation indicates that ppGpp metabolism is closely related to chloroplast function, but the regulation of ppGpp and its role in chloroplast differentiation are not well understood. In rice, ppGpp directly inhibits plastidial guanylate kinase (GKpm), a key enzyme in GTP biosynthesis. GKpm is highly expressed during early leaf development in rice, and the GKpm-deficient mutant, virescent-2 (v2), develops chloroplast-deficient chlorotic leaves under low-temperature conditions. To examine the relationship between GTP synthesis and ppGpp homeostasis, we generated transgenic rice plants over-expressing RSH3, a protein known to act as a ppGpp synthase. When RSH3 was overexpressed in v2, the leaf chlorosis was more severe. Although the RSH3 overexpression in the wild type caused no visible effects, pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer measurements indicated that photosynthetic rates were reduced in this line. This finding implies that the regulation of ppGpp synthesis in rice is involved in the maintenance of the GTP pool required to regulate plastid gene expression during early chloroplast biogenesis. We further investigated changes in the expressions of RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) genes encoding ppGpp synthases and hydrolases during the same period. Comparing the expression of these genes with the cellular ppGpp content suggests that the basal ppGpp level is determined by the antagonistic action of multiple RSH enzymatic activities during early leaf development in rice.
Celebrating Mendel, McClintock, and Darlington: On end-to-end chromosome fusions and nested chromosome fusions
Authors: Lysak Martin A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The evolution of eukaryotic genomes is accompanied by fluctuations in chromosome number, reflecting cycles of chromosome number increase (polyploidy and centric fissions) and decrease (chromosome fusions). Although all chromosome fusions result from DNA recombination between two or more nonhomologous chromosomes, several mechanisms of descending dysploidy are exploited by eukaryotes to reduce their chromosome number. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics have accelerated the identification of inter-genome chromosome collinearity and gross chromosomal rearrangements and have shown that end-to-end chromosome fusions (EEFs) and nested chromosome fusions (NCFs) may have played a more important role in the evolution of eukaryotic karyotypes than previously thought. The present review aims to summarize the limited knowledge on the origin, frequency, and evolutionary implications of EEF and NCF events in eukaryotes and especially in land plants. The interactions between nonhomologous chromosomes in interphase nuclei and chromosome (mis)pairing during meiosis are examined for their potential importance in the origin of EEFs and NCFs. The remaining open questions that need to be addressed are discussed.
Linker histone variant HIS1-3 and WRKY1 oppositely regulate salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wu Xi , Xu Jiena , Meng Xingnan , Fang Xue , Xia Minghui , Zhang Jing , Cao Shuqing , Fan Tingting 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway plays an important role in plant salt stress; however, the transcriptional regulation of the genes in this pathway is unclear. In this study, we found that Linker histone variant HIS1-3 and WRKY1 oppositely regulate the salt stress response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the transcriptional regulation of SOS genes. The expression of HIS1-3 was inhibited by salt stress, and the disruption of HIS1-3 resulted in enhanced salt tolerance. Conversely, the expression of WRKY1 was induced by salt stress, and the loss of WRKY1 function led to increased salt sensitivity. The expression of SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 was repressed and induced by HIS1-3 and WRKY1, respectively, and HIS1-3 regulated the expression of SOS1 and SOS3 by occupying the WRKY1 binding sites on their promoters. Moreover, WRKY1 and HIS1-3 acted upstream of the SOS pathway. Together, our results indicate that HIS1-3 and WRKY1 oppositely modulate salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through transcriptional regulation of SOS genes.
The rice transcription factor Nhd1 regulates root growth and nitrogen uptake by activating nitrogen transporters
Authors: Li Kangning , Zhang Shunan , Tang Shuo , Zhang Jun , Dong Hongzhang , Yang Shihan , Qu Hongye , Xuan Wei , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlants adjust root architecture and nitrogen (N) transporter activity to meet the variable N demand, but their integrated regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We have previously reported that a floral factor in rice (Oryza sativa), N-mediated heading date-1 (Nhd1), regulates flowering time. Here, we show that Nhd1 can directly activate the transcription of the high-affinity ammonium (NH4+) transporter 1;3 (OsAMT1;3) and the dual affinity nitrate (NO3−) transporter 2.4 (OsNRT2.4). Knockout of Nhd1 inhibited root growth in the presence of NO3− or a low concentration of NH4+. Compared to the wild-type (WT), nhd1 and osamt1;3 mutants showed a similar decrease in root growth and N uptake under low NH4+ supply, while nhd1 and osnrt2.4 mutants showed comparable root inhibition and altered NO3− translocation in shoots. The defects of nhd1 mutants in NH4+ uptake and root growth response to various N supplies were restored by overexpression of OsAMT1;3 or OsNRT2.4. However, when grown in a paddy field with low N availability, nhd1 mutants accumulated more N and achieved a higher N uptake efficiency (NUpE) due to the delayed flowering time and prolonged growth period. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism underlying the growth duration-dependent NUpE.
Differences in functional brain organization during gesture recognition between autistic and neurotypical individuals
Authors: Trujillo James P , Özyürek Asli , Kan Cornelis C , Sheftel-Simanova Irina , Bekkering Harold 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPersons with and without autism process sensory information differently. Differences in sensory processing are directly relevant to social functioning and communicative abilities, which are known to be hampered in persons with autism. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 25 autistic individuals and 25 neurotypical individuals while they performed a silent gesture recognition task. We exploited brain network topology, a holistic quantification of how networks within the brain are organized to provide new insights into how visual communicative signals are processed in autistic and neurotypical individuals. Performing graph theoretical analysis, we calculated two network properties of the action observation network: ‘local efficiency’, as a measure of network segregation, and ‘global efficiency’, as a measure of network integration. We found that persons with autism and neurotypical persons differ in how the action observation network is organized. Persons with autism utilize a more clustered, local-processing-oriented network configuration (i.e. higher local efficiency) rather than the more integrative network organization seen in neurotypicals (i.e. higher global efficiency). These results shed new light on the complex interplay between social and sensory processing in autism.
Gentrifiers Evading Stigma: Social Integrationists in the Neighborhood of the Future
Authors: Parker Jeffrey Nathaniel , Ternullo Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How does the moral calculus of gentrification change for self-conscious newcomers in neighborhoods with a reputation deemed unworthy of preserving? In pointing to a set of practices distinct from “pioneering” accounts of gentrification, Brown-Saracino (2007) identified social preservationists as figures who seek to preserve authentic community and the marginalized old-timers who embody it. Using the deviant case of Bridgeport—a historically White neighborhood in Chicago with a deeply historical and persistent reputation for racism —we examine how self-conscious newcomers orient themselves to the gentrification process when the old-timers are not considered a marginalized group worth protecting, but rather a powerful group with problematic racial views. Whereas Brown-Saracino identified the importance of “selecting the old-timer” among a set of potential representatives of a valorized past, we suggest that in this case, newcomers fight to redefine a neighborhood based on a socially desirable future. Drawing on two distinct sets of ethnographic and interview-based data, we outline how this process has unfolded. We conclude that Bridgeport’s story points to the importance of examining how gentrification ideologies emerge from the collision of personal commitments and neighborhood context, as neighborhood newcomers balance their ethics, concerns over personal reputation, and salient aspects of their new homes, including place reputation.
Feminism at the Crossroads of Neoliberalism and Neoconservatism: Restructuring Women’s Labor in the Context of Family Leave Reform in Finland
Authors: Ylöstalo Hanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the convergences of neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and feminism in the context of Nordic welfare state reform. Using Finland’s ongoing family leave reform as an illustrative example, the article shows that neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and feminism find common ground in welfare state reform where workfare policies are intensified and the dismantling of the public provision is coupled with extended private sphere norms. The article unfolds neoliberal and neoconservative feminisms in the public policy context. It demonstrates that neoliberal and neoconservative feminisms contribute to restructuring women’s labor by locating women as subjects critical to capitalist growth, competitive economies, national wealth, and balanced state budgets as providers of productive and reproductive labor. Moreover, they associate women’s productive and reproductive labor with freedom and emancipation.
Beef cows housed in mud during late gestation have greater net energy requirements compared with cows housed on wood chip bedding
Authors: Nickles Kirsten R , Relling Alejandro E , Garcia-Guerra Alvaro , Fluharty Francis L , Kieffer Justin , Parker Anthony J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mud increases net energy requirements for cattle because mud and precipitation compromise the ability of the hair coat to insulate and maintain core body temperature of the cow. The increase in energy required for a gestating cow to compensate for a muddy environment is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of muddy conditions on cow body weight (BW) and fetal growth during late gestation. Sixteen multiparous Angus cows (n = 8/treatment) were paired based on initial BW and one cow from each pair was randomly allocated to either the mud (MUD) or control (CON) treatment on day 213 of gestation. Pens in the CON group were bedded with wood chips, while pens in the MUD group were designed to create a muddy lot (average depth of 23.6 ± 5.8 cm). Cows were housed outdoors individually and fed the same diet that consisted of a limit-fed total mixed ration. Each pair was fed to meet energy and protein requirements for maintenance and gestation. From day 213 to 269 of gestation, cows were weighed and sampled for blood metabolites weekly. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). Though cows consumed the same amount of dry matter, cows in the MUD treatment weighed 37.4 kg less than cows in the CON treatment (P &lt; 0.01) by day 269 of gestation. Cows in the MUD treatment decreased approximately half a body condition score (BCS), while cows in the CON treatment gained approximately 1 BCS during the treatment period (P &lt; 0.01). There was no evidence of a treatment × day of gestation effect for 12th rib back fat (P = 0.85), rump fat (P = 0.48), total plasma protein concentrations (P = 0.85), or plasma 3-methylhistidine (P = 0.84); however, there was a marginally significant treatment × day of gestation effect for plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration (P = 0.09). Despite differences in cow BW at the end of the treatment period, calf birth weight (P = 0.66) and calf total plasma protein (P = 0.27) were not different; however, the divergence in cow BW remained marginally significant at parturition (P = 0.06). These results indicate that mud increased net energy requirements for cows in the MUD treatment, as calf birth weight was not different but maternal BW was decreased compared with cows in the CON treatment.
Elevated ozone decreases the activity of Rubisco in poplar but not its activation under fluctuating light
Authors: Xu Yansen , Feng Zhaozhong , Peng Jinlong , Tarvainen Lasse 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) is well-known to decrease leaf photosynthesis under steady-state light through reductions in biochemical capacity. However, the effects of O3 on photosynthetic induction and its biochemical limitations in response to fluctuating light remain unclear, despite the rapid fluctuations of light intensity occurring under field conditions. In this study, two hybrid poplar clones with different O3 sensitivities were exposed to elevated O3. Dynamic photosynthetic CO2 response measurements were conducted to quantify the impact of elevated O3 and exposure duration on biochemical limitations during photosynthetic induction. We found that elevated O3 significantly reduced the steady-state light-saturated photosynthetic rate, the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) and Rubisco content. In addition, elevated O3 significantly decreased the time constants for slow phases and weighting of the fast phase of the Vcmax induction in poplar clone ‘546’ but not in clone ‘107’. However, elevated O3 did not affect the time, it took to reach a given percentage of full Vcmax activation or photosynthetic induction in either clone. Overall, photosynthetic induction was primarily limited by the activity of Rubisco rather than the regeneration of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate regardless of O3 concentration and exposure duration. The lack of O3-induced effects on the activation of Rubisco observed here would simplify the simulation of impacts of O3 on nonsteady-state photosynthesis in dynamic photosynthetic models.
Evaluation of a Virtual Team-Based Project Designed to Improve Chronic Wound Patient Care in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Fan Angela , Elliott James A. , Jaimangal-Persaud Reneeka , Soleas Eleftherios K. , Smith Karen , Mohan Andrew , Wicher Camilla , Sibbald R. Gary 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes Ontario Skin and Wound Care project, a virtual team-based endeavor designed to improve the care of patients with chronic wounds.

METHODS
The study team conducted phone interviews with healthcare professionals (n = 8) regarding their patients (n = 10). The management recommendations were grouped, and the study participants questioned concerning the implementation of the recommendations. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the transcripts were analyzed for common themes. The Queen’s University Research Ethics Board approved this study.

RESULTS
Interviews documented improvement in 50% of patients; the other half of the patients did not improve because of patient- and healthcare-system barriers. Three of five nonhealing patients were nonadherent regarding compression, and only one of six suggested biopsies were carried out. The investigators noted three primary reasons for the lack of recommendation implementation: (1) could not obtain a diagnostic procedure, (2) lack of a diagnosis, and (3) patient was reluctant to make a lifestyle change. Major themes included problems in care coordination and suboptimal patient and provider education, along with other obstacles to management.

CONCLUSIONS
Participants stated that the project provided a beneficial learning experience. The findings highlighted a lack of integrated and coordinated interprofessional chronic wound care.
Temperature Management in the ICU
Authors: Drewry Anne , Mohr Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Temperature abnormalities are recognized as a marker of human disease, and the therapeutic value of temperature is an attractive treatment target. The objective of this synthetic review is to summarize and critically appraise evidence for active temperature management in critically ill patients.

Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE for publications relevant to body temperature management (including targeted temperature management and antipyretic therapy) in cardiac arrest, acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and sepsis. Bibliographies of included articles were also searched to identify additional relevant studies.

Study Selection:
English-language systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized trials, observational studies, and nonhuman data were reviewed, with a focus on the most recent randomized control trial evidence.

Data Extraction:
Data regarding study methodology, patient population, temperature management strategy, and clinical outcomes were qualitatively assessed.

Data Synthesis:
Temperature management is common in critically ill patients, and multiple large trials have been conducted to elucidate temperature targets, management strategies, and timing. The strongest data concerning the use of therapeutic hypothermia exist in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, and recent trials suggest that appropriate postarrest temperature targets between 33°C and 37.5°C are reasonable. Targeted temperature management in other critical illnesses, including acute stroke, traumatic brain injury, and sepsis, has not shown benefit in large clinical trials. Likewise, trials of pharmacologic antipyretic therapy have not demonstrated improved outcomes, although national guidelines do recommend treatment of fever in patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury based on observational evidence associating fever with worse outcomes.

Conclusions:
Body temperature management in critically ill patients remains an appealing therapy for several illnesses, and additional studies are needed to clarify management strategies and therapeutic pathways.
Post–COVID-19 Cardiovascular Evaluation in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes
Authors: Krystofiak Jason , Kim Mitchell , Navia Aixa , Lander Jeffrey , Altobelli Anthony , Vucic Esad , Womack Jason , Toto Diana , Siddiqui Adil , Bershad Joshua , Kostis William J. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the necessity of cardiac testing after a COVID-19 diagnosis as it relates to myocarditis in collegiate athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional retrospective case series.

Setting:
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I University.

Patients:
One hundred sixty-five collegiate athletes diagnosed with COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or immunoglobulin G antibody between August and December 2020 without exclusion.

Interventions:
All participants underwent cardiac workup consisting of serum troponin, electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). All results were reviewed by team physicians and sports cardiologists.

Main Outcome Measures:
Prevalence of myocarditis and abnormality on cardiac testing after COVID-19 infection at a single institution.

Results:
One (0.61% [95% CI, 0.02%-3.3%] asymptomatic athlete had CMR findings of an age-indeterminate myocardial injury with further cardiac testing being otherwise normal. No athlete had CMR abnormalities consistent with acute myocarditis by the modified Lake Louise Criteria.

Conclusions:
Occurrence of myocarditis was lower in this population compared with other studies. No student athlete was permanently disqualified from participation because of testing. A stratified, risk-based testing strategy with CMR may be more appropriate than a universal screening strategy.
Disparities in telehealth utilization in patients with pain during COVID-19
Authors: Mueller Bridget R. , Lawrence Steven , Benn Emma , Nirenberg Sharon , Kummer Benjamin , Jette Nathalie , George Mary-Catherine , Robinson-Papp Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The shift from in-person visits to telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges for patients with pain. Disparities in health care access already existed, and the impact of telehealth on these inequities has not been studied.

Objectives:
To identify sociodemographic characteristics of patients with pain obtaining care through video, telephone, and in-person visits as social distancing restrictions evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Using our institutional clinical data warehouse, we identified 3314 patients with pain receiving care at a large academic institution in New York City during a baseline period (September 23, 2019–March 22, 2020) and counted telephone, video, and in-person visits during the following conditions: a shutdown period (March 23, 2020–May 23, 2020), when nonessential in-person visits were strictly limited, and a reopening period (May 23, 2020–September 23, 2020), when restrictions were relaxed and in-person visits were available. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on the technology used to complete a visit: (1) video, (2) telephone, (3) in-person, and (4) no visit.

Results:
Patients who were older, publicly insured, and identified as Black or Hispanic were overrepresented in the telephone visit group during shutdown and the in-person group during reopening. A video visit during shutdown increased the likelihood of continued video visit use during reopening despite the return of in-person visits.

Conclusions:
Results show differences in how patients with pain accessed clinical care in a socially distanced world and that flexibility in method of health care delivery may reduce barriers to access. Future research will identify factors (eg, Internet access, digital literacy, provider–patient relationships) driving heterogeneity in telehealth use in patients with pain.