bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age alters gait compensations following meniscal injury in male rats
Authors: Chan Kiara M. , Yeater Taylor D. , Allen Kyle D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith age, susceptibility to osteoarthritis (OA) and OA‐related pain and disability increases. Like in OA patients, gait patterns in rodent OA models shift to protect the injured limb during loading. However, unlike in OA patients, it is unknown how age affects gait changes in rodent OA models. In this study, gait compensations following meniscal injury in 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month‐old rats were evaluated to examine age‐effects of OA‐related joint dysfunction. Rats 3, 6, and 9 months received medial collateral ligament transection plus medial meniscus transection (MCLT + MMT) surgery (n = 8/age group) or a skin incision (n = 8/age group). Postsurgery, rats underwent gait testing at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Postmortem, joints were processed for histology to assess cartilage damage. MCLT + MMT rats walked with reduced vertical loading in their injured limbs immediately after injury and throughout OA progression. Compared to sham‐operated limbs, 6‐ and 9‐month MCLT + MMT animals reduced loading in their injured limbs while 3‐month MCLT + MMT animals did not. MCLT + MMT rats also increased stance time on the injured limb compared to the contralateral limb. Additionally, for the MCLT + MMT animals, 6‐ and 9‐month animals had significantly worse cartilage damage compared to 3‐month animals. These data indicated age at injury onset affects how animals load the OA‐affected joint, with older animals developing gait compensations that more markedly reduce weight on the injured limb during walking.
Correlations between metabolites in the synovial fluid and serum: A mouse injury study
Authors: Wallace Cameron W. , Hislop Brady , Hahn Alyssa K. , Erdogan Ayten E. , Brahmachary Priyanka P. , June Ronald K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis occurs frequently after joint injury. Currently, osteoarthritis is diagnosed by radiographic changes that are typically found after the disease has progressed to multiple tissues. The primary objective was to compare potential metabolomic biomarkers of joint injury between synovial fluid and serum in a mouse model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The secondary objective was to gain insight into the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis by examining metabolomic profiles after joint injury. Twelve‐week‐old adult female C57BL/6 mice (n = 12) were randomly assigned to control, Day 1, or Day 8 postinjury groups. Randomly selected stifle joints were subjected to a single rapid compression. At Days 1 and 8 postinjury, serum was extracted before mice were euthanized for synovial fluid collection. Metabolomic profiling detected ~2500 metabolites across serum and synovial fluid. Of these, 179 were positively correlated and 51 were negatively correlated between synovial fluid and serum, indicating the potential for the development of metabolomic biomarkers. Synovial fluid captured injury‐induced differences in metabolomic profiles at both Days 1 and 8 after injury whereas serum did not. However, synovial fluid and serum were distinct at both time points after injury. In synovial fluid, pathways of interest mapped to amino acid synthesis and degradation, bupropion degradation, and transfer RNA (tRNA) charging. In serum, pathways were amino acid synthesis and degradation, the phospholipase pathway, and nicotine degradation. These results provide a rich picture of the injury response at early time points after joint injury. Furthermore, the correlations between synovial fluid and serum metabolites suggest the potential to gain insight into intra‐articular pathophysiology through analysis of serum metabolites.
Changes in physical and chemical properties of saline soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and chemical fertilizers in a mustard–pearl millet cropping system
Authors: Meena Murli Dhar , Narjary Bhaskar , Sheoran Parvender , Jat Hanuman Sahay , Joshi Pramod Kumar , Chinchmalatpure Anil R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil salinity is a severe threat in arid and semiarid agro‐ecosystem of India, and it is directly influenced by soil physical properties. Therefore, understanding the dynamic nature of salinity is the key to implementing suitable management options for re‐builing the fertility of saline soils. In this context, we conducted field experiments in saline soil, comprising five treatments (1‐5 following) and a control (C). These are: C) no amendments and chemical fertilizer; T1) recommended dose nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N‐P‐K) fertilizers @60:30:30 kg ha−1; T2) 100% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDF).; T3) rice straw compost (RSC) @14 Mg ha−1; T4) gypsum enriched compost (GEC) @14 Mg ha−1; and T5) municipal solid waste compost @16 Mg ha−1(MSWC) applied for three consecutive years (2012 to 2015). Our results revealed that compost and chemical fertilizer had significant effect on soil organic carbon, soil aggregate stability indices, soil water retention, transmission characteristics, and pore size distribution. This improvement in soil physical properties imparted into better soil physical environment and significant reduction in soil salinity (75%) was apparent with application of MSWC. Multivariate analysis indicated that mean weight diameter (MWD) and retension pores (RP) were the two main soil physical properties that help to reduce soil salinity. Our results revealed that, MWD increased by 49.1% in MSWC and 37.7% in GEC over control (C) (0.53 mm). Improvement in soil environment under composted soil produced significantly higher grain yield of mustard (2.22 Mg ha−1) and pearl millet (2.29 Mg ha−1) with MSWC as compared to control (C). Organic amendments significantly improved the soil physical environment.
Galvanic corrosion of X80 pipeline steel double‐sided submerged arc welded joints in simulated near‐neutral soil solution
Authors: Wang X.M. , Zhao W. , Wang J.B. , Xiao G.C. , Zhang H. , Guo N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe corrosion behaviors of double‐sided submerged arc welded joints in X80 pipeline steel with or without coupling were studied in simulated near‐neutral soil solution. The galvanic effect in the welded joint was evaluated by corrosion morphology, corrosion depth, and electrochemical measurements. When the weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) samples were immersed in the solution isolated, pitting holes occurred around the martensite/austenite constituents in the weld metal and base metal samples, which was mainly due to the preferential corrosion of ferrite. However, no pitting holes occurred in the heat affected zone due to small specific surface area induced by the coarse martensite/austenite constituents. Polarization curves results showed that the corrosion current density of coupled base metal was 5 times larger than that of isolated base metal and the corrosion current density of isolated heat affected zone was three times larger than that of coupled heat affected zone after 48 h immersion. The corrosion current density of coupled heat affected zone was one order of magnitude lower than that of coupled weld metal and base metal. When the welded joint was exposed to an aggressive environment, the base metal samples were determined to be the most anodic zone while the heat affected zone was the most cathodic zone. The weld metal underwent little galvanic interaction, as its corrosion potential was close to the coupled potential. In addition, the galvanic effect among the welded joints decreased with the prolong of immersion time.
Skin Conditions and Movement Disorders: Hiding in Plain Sight
Authors: Kulcsarova Kristina , Baloghova Janette , Necpal Jan , Skorvanek Matej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSkin manifestations are well‐recognized non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders. Skin conditions are usually well visible during routine clinical examination and their recognition may play a major role in diagnostic work‐up. In this educational review we: (1) briefly outline skin conditions related to Parkinson's disease, including therapy‐related skin complications and their management; (2) discuss the role of skin biopsies in early diagnosis of PD and differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes; and focus more on areas which have not been reviewed in the literature before, including (3) skin conditions related to atypical parkinsonism, and (4) skin conditions related to hyperkinetic movement disorders. In case of rare hyperkinetic movement disorders, specific dermatological manifestations, like presence of angiokeratomas, telangiectasias, Mongolian spots, lipomas, ichthyosis, progeroid skin changes and others may point to a very specific group of disorders and help guide further investigations.
Expanding the clinical spectrum of autosomal‐recessive renal tubular dysgenesis: Two siblings with neonatal survival and review of the literature
Authors: Vincent Krista M. , Alrajhi Afrah , Lazier Joanna , Bonin Brigitte , Lawrence Sarah , Weiler Gabrielle , Armour Christine M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal‐recessive renal tubular dysgenesis (AR‐RTD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by defects in the renin‐angiotensin system that manifests as fetal anuria leading to oligohydramnios and Potter sequence. Although the most common outcome is neonatal death from renal failure, pulmonary hypoplasia, and/or refractory arterial hypotension; several cases have been reported that describe survival past the neonatal period.MethodsHerein, we report the first family with biallelic ACE variants and more than one affected child surviving past the neonatal period, as well as provide a review of the previously reported 18 cases with better outcomes.ResultsWhile both siblings with identical compound heterozygous ACE variants have received different treatments, neither required renal replacement therapy. We show that both vasopressin and fludrocortisone in the neonatal period may provide survival advantages, though outcomes may also be dependent on the type of gene variant, as well as other factors.ConclusionWhile AR‐RTD is most often a lethal disease in the neonatal period, it is not universally so. A better understanding of the factors affecting survival will help to guide prognostication and medical decision‐making.
Double‐slot subwavelength grating waveguide for on‐chip carbon dioxide sensing
Authors: Lang Jiaming , Pi Mingquan , Zhao Huan , Peng Zihang , Ji Jialin , Huang Yijun , Zheng Chuantao , Wang Xibin , Daming Zhang  , Wang Yiding 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel double‐slot subwavelength grating with high sensitivity and small size was presented for the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2). Compared with single‐slot structure, the proposed double‐slot structure reduces the influence of slot width on the transmission intensity and thus improves the sensor performance. For enabling selectivity and sensitivity, the gap of the grating is filled with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). The refractive index of PHMB decreases after the absorption of CO2 molecules, which changes the effective refractive index of the waveguide mode. For getting the highest sensitivity, the proposed sensor was numerically simulated and optimized. The limit of detection for CO2 can be as low as 6.3 parts per million (ppm), which is lower than other reported waveguide CO2 sensors based on PHMB. The proposed sensor is capable of atmospheric CO2 monitoring with an acceptable limit of detection.
Study of water vapor line parameters in the region around 1.1 µm by tunable diode laser spectroscopy
Authors: Zheng Jianjie , Ma Hongliang , Liu Qiang , Qian Xianmei , Zhu Wenyue , Cao Zhensong , Chen Jie , Yang Tao , Xu Qiuyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo analyze the absolute line intensities, as well as the coefficients of air‐ and self‐broadening of water vapor, 31 transition lines were measured using an external‐cavity diode laser (ECDL) in the range of 9090–9750 cm−1. A multispectrum fitting (MSF) program was used in conjunction with a quadratic speed‐dependent Voigt profile (qSDVP) and a Voigt profile (VP) to extract the line intensities and self‐ and air‐broadening coefficients. Values at room temperature (296 K) were then compared with the HITRAN2016 and HITRAN2020 database. The analysis results show that the line intensities and air‐broadening coefficients are more consistent with the database while also verifying that the self‐broadening coefficients obtained based on qSDVP are larger than those based on VP.
Remote sensing of vehicle emitted carbon oxides employing wavelength modulation spectroscopy and a segment modulation method
Authors: Lin Hongze , Wu Kaihua , Zhang Ting , Lai Xiaomin , Mei Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVehicle exhaust emission is one of the major atmospheric pollution sources. Excessive emitters, which make up 10 percent of all vehicles, contribute more than half of the total pollution emission. To identify these excessive emitters, a remote‐sensing device (RSD) with a laser wavelength around 1580 nm is built. To increase the system sensitivity, a segment modulation method is proposed so that the 2f signals of CO2 and CO can be optimized, respectively. In vitro tests show that the linearity reached .999 and .998 for CO2 and CO, respectively. A field test is also conducted to monitor the dilution process of exhaust emission after the vehicle passes the RSD.
Cognitive predictors of social adjustment in pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with photon versus proton radiation therapy
Authors: Warren Emily A. H. , Raghubar Kimberly P. , Cirino Paul T. , Child Amanda E. , Lupo Philip J. , Grosshans David R. , Paulino Arnold C. , Okcu M. Fatih , Minard Charles G. , Ris M. Douglas , Mahajan Anita , Viana Andres , Chintagumpala Murali , Kahalley Lisa S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric brain tumor survivors are at risk for poor social outcomes. It remains unknown whether cognitive sparing with proton radiotherapy (PRT) supports better social outcomes relative to photon radiotherapy (XRT). We hypothesized that survivors treated with PRT would outperform those treated with XRT on measures of cognitive and social outcomes. Further, we hypothesized that cognitive performance would predict survivor social outcomes.ProcedureSurvivors who underwent PRT (n = 38) or XRT (n = 20) participated in a neurocognitive evaluation >1 year post radiotherapy. Group differences in cognitive and social functioning were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Regression analyses examined predictors of peer relations and social skills.ResultsAge at evaluation, radiation dose, tumor diameter, and sex did not differ between groups (all p > .05). XRT participants were younger at diagnosis (XRT M = 5.0 years, PRT M = 7.6 years) and further out from radiotherapy (XRT M = 8.7 years, PRT M = 4.6 years). The XRT group performed worse than the PRT group on measures of processing speed (p = .01) and verbal memory (p < .01); however, social outcomes did not differ by radiation type. The proportion of survivors with impairment in peer relations and social skills exceeded expectation; χ2(1) = 38.67, p < .001; χ2(1) = 5.63, p < .05. Household poverty predicted peer relation difficulties (t = 2.18, p < .05), and verbal memory approached significance (t = −1.99, p = .05). Tumor diameter predicted social skills (t = −2.07, p < .05).ConclusionsRegardless of radiation modality, survivors are at risk for social challenges. Deficits in verbal memory may place survivors at particular risk. Results support monitoring of cognitive and social functioning throughout survivorship, as well as consideration of sociodemographic risk factors.
Experimental investigations on thermal, flame retardant, and impact properties of additively manufactured continuous FRPC
Authors: Naik Mahesh , Thakur Dineshsingh , Chandel Sunil , Salunkhe Sachin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs an additive manufacturing (AM) technology, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely used to fabricate highly complex components. Polymer components fabricated by FDM technique have weak mechanical properties. To enhance the mechanical properties, 3D printing of polymer composites is done by reinforcing particles, nanomaterials, short and continuous fibers into thermoplastic polymers. The thermal, flame retardant, and impact properties of a continuous kevlar fiber‐reinforced onyx 3D‐printed composite are investigated in this study. Additionally, the effect of fiber arrangement and orientation (0°, 90°, 0°/90°, and +45°/−45°) on the impact strength of 3D‐printed composites have been investigated. The impact strength of the 3D‐printed composite specimens was determined using izod impact testing. It was found that specimens with fiber arrangement having fiber and matrix layer configuration as 21O|20K|20O|20K|21O have a higher impact strength and specimens with fiber arrangement as 31O|40K|31O have lower impact strength. Furthermore, specimen 3D printed with a unidirectional 0° fiber angle had the highest impact strength, while specimen 3D printed with a unidirectional 90° fiber angle had the lowest impact strength. Furthermore, flammability tests and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to investigate the flame retardant and thermal properties of 3D‐printed composites. Morphological study of onyx and kevlar fiber filament was also done using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Experimental and numerical study of the behavior of epoxy foam‐filled 3D woven spacer composites under bending load
Authors: Zheng Liangang , Xiao Yuanxin , Liu Li , Xu Fujun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, three‐dimensional woven spacer glass fiber/epoxy composites (3DWSC) and epoxy foam‐filled three‐dimensional woven spacer composites (FF‐3DWSC) were prepared, and the behavior of the two composites under bending load was investigated experimentally and numerically. The results show that compared with 3DWSC, FF‐3DWSC displayed a higher bending strength of 134.30 MPa and superior bending stiffness of 9.48 × 106 N·mm2, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of the foam and the skeleton. And unlike the serious damage caused by the significant stress concentration in 3DWSC under bending load, less damage appeared in FF‐3DWSC because the stress was dispersed by the efficient transmission of the load between foam and column yarns. Besides, there was no delamination between the foam and the skeleton after the bending test, indicating the excellent integrated structure of FF‐3DWSC. In addition, the bending behavior of 3DWSC and FF‐3DWSC was simulated on the macro‐scale model by HyperMesh and HyperView. As a result, the finite element analysis results were in close agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating the finite element simulation method proposed here is capable of being used in replacing time‐consuming experiments to study the bending properties of such 3D composites.
Proton pump inhibitors may enhance the risk of citalopram‐ and escitalopram‐associated sudden cardiac death among patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Assimon Magdalene M. , Pun Patrick H. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Brookhart M. Alan , Gaynes Bradley N. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Flythe Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposePolypharmacy is common in the hemodialysis population and increases the likelihood that patients will be exposed to clinically significant drug–drug interactions. Concurrent use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with citalopram or escitalopram may potentiate the QT‐prolonging effects of these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors through pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic interactions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the U.S. Renal Data System (2007–2017) and a new‐user design to examine the differential risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) associated with citalopram/escitalopram initiation vs. sertraline initiation in the presence and absence of PPI use among adults receiving hemodialysis. We studied 72 559 patients:14 983 (21%) citalopram/escitalopram initiators using a PPI; 26 503 (36%) citalopram/escitalopram initiators not using a PPI;10 779 (15%) sertraline initiators using a PPI; and 20 294 (28%) sertraline initiators not using a PPI (referent). The outcome of interest was 1‐year SCD. We used inverse probability of treatment weighted survival models to estimate weighted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsCompared with sertraline initiators not using a PPI, citalopram/escitalopram initiators using a PPI had the numerically highest risk of SCD (HR [95% CI] = 1.31 [1.11–1.54]), followed by citalopram/escitalopram initiators not using a PPI (HR [95% CI] = 1.22 [1.06–1.41]). Sertraline initiators using a PPI had a similar risk of SCD compared with those not using a PPI (HR [95% CI] = 1.03 [0.85–1.26]).ConclusionsExisting PPI use may elevate the risk of SCD associated with citalopram or escitalopram initiation among hemodialysis patients.
Enhanced dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene by high‐energy electron beam irradiation
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhao Xuanchen , Xie Junhao , Liu Yan , Sun Shulin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, electron beam irradiation technology was used to increase the dielectric and energy storage performance of polypropylene (PP) films. Electron beam irradiation makes no difference on the crystal morphology but decreased the crystallinity and crystal size of PP. Besides, irradiation improved the thermal stability and polarity of PP. The irradiated PP films behaved much higher dielectric constant than pure PP films. Actually, the dielectric constant of the irradiated PP with 30 kGy was 3.98, while the dielectric constant of pristine PP was only 2.8. Furthermore, the irradiated PP films still kept low dielectric loss and AC conductivity. Weibull distribution test results proved electron beam irradiation improved the breakdown strength of PP films. The discharged energy storage of PP films increased from 1.3 J/cm3 of pristine PP film to 3.6 J/cm3 of irradiated PP with 30 kGy film. Moreover, the PP film irradiated with 30 kGy displayed an excellent charge–discharge efficiency of more than 95%. This research provides an easy and practical approach to investigate dielectric PP material for energy storage.