bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hagfish‐inspired Smart SLIPS Marine Antifouling Coating Based on Supramolecular: Lubrication Modes Responsively Switching and Self‐healing Properties
Authors: Tong Zheming , Song Lina , Chen Sifan , Hu Jiankun , Hou Yang , Liu Quan , Ren Yongyuan , Zhan Xiaoli , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSlippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) has received widespread attention in the antifouling field, while its controllability of surface lubricity and durability of lubricant are relatively insufficient. In this study, inspired by the hagfish's defensive behavior of secreting mucus to escape from predators, a smart SLIPS marine antifouling coating is prepared, which possesses responsively switching lubrication modes and self‐healing property. The responsive supramolecular interaction between azobenzene (Azo) and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) is introduced to regulate the lubricity of SLIPS. cis‐Azo is converted to trans and combined with α‐CD by supramolecular interaction under visible light or heating, driving the shrinkage of polymer chains to squeeze the stored lubricant to the surface. The responsive self‐replenishment of lubricant can adjust the surface lubricity to switch antifouling modes between “enhancive” and “normal” smartly, which adapts to different occasions. Moreover, disulfide and hydrogen bonds are introduced to enhance self‐healing performance (91.73%). In summary, it has efficient self‐cleaning, anti‐protein, antibacterial, anti‐algae properties, and 180‐day real marine field antifouling performance during boom season (the longest antifouling period in real marine field test of reported SLIPS materials), which demonstrates the promising application in neritic sea equipment and other antifouling fields.
Bistable Silver Electrodeposition‐Based Electrochromic Device with Reversible Three‐State Optical Transformation By Using WO3 Nanoislands Modified ITO Electrode
Authors: Yin Yi , Zhu Haoyu , Wu Tao , Liao Pengkun , Lan Changyong , Li Chun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA bistable electrochromic (EC) device which can reversibly transform between transparent, mirror, and black states based on reversible metal Ag electrodeposition is achieved by introducing 1) a (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS)‐treated indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) glass electrode modified with WO3 nanoislands (WNs) as the rough surface and 2) ionic liquids (IL) into electrolyte to form an anion‐blocking layer, toward achieving long‐term memory performance. Typically, the EC cell is packaged by sandwiching gel electrolyte between the flat and WNs‐modified ITO electrodes. Under opposite voltages, this smart device can transfer from transparent to black (+2.5 V/9.4 s) or mirror (−2.5 V/8.3 s) state by depositing Ag on the WNs‐modified or flat ITO electrode surface, respectively. The assembled device exhibits over 80% mirror reflectance and below 10% transmittance of black state. After power off, both the black and mirror states remain bistability for a long time (>30 min) when IL are introduced into electrolyte for the EC device. The electrical double layer in the highly viscous electrolyte with IL contributes to form a barrier to bromide ions, which protects the Ag layer from dissolution at open circuit. This multifunctional energy‐efficient EC device has shown great potential and competitiveness for numerous applications compared to conventional EC devices.
Antibacterial, Antifreezing, Stretchable, and Self‐Healing Organohydrogel Electrode Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Biomechanical Sensing
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Zhao Xinyang , Wang Zhuo , Liu Zhirong , Yao Shuncheng , Li Linlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlexible and wearable electronic devices have broad applications in human–machine interaction and personal health monitoring. To meet different application scenarios, in this work, an antibacterial, antifreezing, stretchable, and self‐healing organohydrogel‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (O‐TENG) for biomechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing is developed. Through integrating Ag nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide sheets (Ag@rGO) into poly(vinyl alcohol)‐polyacrylamide (PVA‐PAAm) dual‐network organohydrogel with dynamic borate bonds, denoted as Ag@rGO/PVA‐PAAm, the organohydrogel has high conductivity, good stretchability, and antifreezing and self‐healing properties. When using Ag@rGO/PVA‐PAAm as the electrode layer of O‐TENG, it can effectively inhibit Gram‐negative bacterium E. coli and Gram‐positive bacterium S. aureus while showing high cytocompatibility. With the self‐healing and antifreezing property, the fabricated O‐TENG has stable output performance under room temperature and low temperature of −30 °C, even after Ag@rGO/PVA‐PAAm is damaged and self‐healed. This O‐TENG is demonstrated to harvest mechanical energy and is used as self‐powered sensors for recognizing handwriting and wrist motion state. This work provides a new pathway for design and application of multifunctional flexible wearable devices.
Localized States Emerging from Singular and Nonsingular Flat Bands in a Frustrated Fractal‐Like Photonic Lattice
Authors: Hanafi Haissam , Menz Philip , Denz Cornelia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSingular and nonsingular flat bands in a Sierpinski fractal‐like photonic lattice are reported. It is demonstrated that the lowest two bands, being isolated and degenerate due to geometrical frustration, are nonsingular and thus can be spanned by a complete set of compact localized states. These states are experimentally proven to propagate diffractionless in the photonic lattice. The results reveal the interplay between geometrical frustration, degenerate flat bands, and compact localized states in a single photonic lattice, and pave the way to photonic spin liquid ground states.
Food insufficiency and Twitter emotions during a pandemic
Authors: Goetz Stephan J. , Heaton Connor , Imran Muhammad , Pan Yuxuan , Tian Zheng , Schmidt Claudia , Qazi Umair , Ofli Ferda , Mitra Prasenjit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic initially caused worldwide concerns about food insecurity. Tweets analyzed in real‐time may help food assistance providers target food supplies to where they are most urgently needed. In this exploratory study, we use natural language processing to extract sentiments and emotions expressed in food security‐related tweets early in the pandemic in U.S. states. The emotion joy dominated in these tweets nationally, but only anger, disgust, and fear were also statistically correlated with contemporaneous food insufficiency rates reported in the Household Pulse Survey; more nuanced and statistically stronger correlations are detected within states, including a negative correlation with joy.
Synthesis of N‐Aryl α‐Ketoamides, α‐Ketoesters, α‐Ketothioesters and Their Applications in Quinoxalinone Preparation
Authors: Singh Shweta , Sureshbabu Popuri , Sabiah Shahulhameed , Kandasamy Jeyakumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynthesis of N‐aryl α‐ketoamides, α‐ketoesters and α‐ketothioesters were demonstrated from N‐Ts and N‐Boc α‐ketoamides via transamidation and transesterification reactions. The reactions proceeded at room temperature in the presence of DBU and provided the desired products in good to excellent yields in a short time. A regioselective synthesis of biologically relevant quinoxalinones was achieved in good yields from N‐aryl α‐ketoamides via nitration followed by reduction reactions.
Architecture of the bronchial tree in Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus)
Authors: Schachner Emma R. , Diaz Raul E. , Coke Rob , Echols Scott , Osborn Michelle L. , Hedrick Brandon P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe imaged the lungs of five Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) via computed tomography (CT) and micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and compared these data to the lungs of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). These data demonstrate anatomical commonalities between the lungs of P. palpebrosus and A. mississippiensis, and a few notable differences. The structural similarities are (a) a proximally narrow, distally widened, hook‐shaped primary bronchus; (b) a cervical ventral bronchus that branches of the primary bronchus and immediately makes a hairpin turn toward the apex of the lung; (c) a sequential series of dorsobronchi arising from the primary bronchus caudal to the cervical ventral bronchus; (d) intraspecifically highly variable medial sequence of secondary airways; (e) sac‐like laterobronchi; and (f) grossly dead‐ended caudal group bronchi in the caudal and ventral aspects of the lung. The primary differences between the two taxa are in the overall number of large bronchi (fewer in P. palpebrosus), and the number of branches that contribute to the cardiac regions. Imaging data of both a live and deceased specimen under varying states (postprandial, fasting, total lung capacity, open to atmosphere) indicate that the caudal margin and position of the lungs shift craniocaudally relative to the vertebral column. These imaging data suggest that the smooth thoracic ceiling may be correlated to visceral movement during ventilation, but this hypothesis warrants validation. These results provide the scaffolding for future comparisons between crocodilians, for generating preliminary reconstructions of the ancestral crocodilian bronchial tree, and establishing new hypotheses of bronchial homology across Archosauria.
Gastric trichobezoar: An uncommon cause of epigastric pain: A case report
Authors: Daoud Rahma , Tlili Ahmed , Fendri Sami , Akrout Amira , Trigui Aymen , Boujelbene Salah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrichobezoars are foreign and indigestible materials in the gastrointestinal tract and are usually found in psychiatric females, who often deny eating their own hair, but also at situations of gastric dysmotility and prior gastric surgery. Although rare, gastric trichobezoar should not be forgotten as a differential diagnosis in females presenting with vague epigastric pain. Its treatment well in time will prevent complications.
Diabetic ketoacidosis mimicking COVID‐19 in an adolescent
Authors: Boskabadi Seyed Javad , Sharifpour Ali , Zakariaei Zakaria , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Soleymani Mostafa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may be associated with nonspecific symptoms such as dyspnea, tachycardia, anorexia, and vomiting that are similar to COVID‐19. We describe an adolescent who was referred to the emergency department with the above symptoms and died after being discharged, regardless of the differential diagnosis and laboratory findings.
Chronic Candida albicans meningitis misdiagnosed as polymyalgia rheumatica and successfully treated with voriconazole
Authors: Giotaki Ioanna , Gross Uwe , Lange Peter , Rustenbeck Hans‐Heino , Bahn Erik , Nau Roland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe outcome of chronic meningitis depends to a large degree on the causative pathogen and the interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis. We present a patient with a delayed diagnosis and several complications, for whom adequate therapy resulted in a favorable outcome. In a 76‐year‐old male patient, Candida albicans meningitis was diagnosed 4 months after the onset of symptoms. CSF findings (protein >1000 mg/L, predominance of intrathecal immunoglobulin A synthesis, lactate concentrations of approx. 10 mmol/L, leukocyte counts around 1000/μl, variable differential leukocyte counts) resembled tuberculous meningitis. In spite of the long interval without treatment, voriconazole 200 mg every 12 h for 7 weeks followed by fluconazole 300 mg/day maintenance therapy for 7 months led to a recovery with only mild deficits. The case illustrates that 1. C. albicans can cause chronic meningitis in patients without severe immune defects, 2. patients can survive C. albicans meningitis with mild long‐term sequelae even when diagnosis and adequate treatment are delayed, and 3. voriconazole as a sole agent may be suitable for treatment of C. albicans meningitis.
Atlanto‐odontoid pyogenic arthritis revealing a Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Dghaies Abir , Dhahri Rim , Bouzid Sirine , Battikh Riadh , Gharsallah Imen , Metoui Leila , Louzir Bassem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPyogenic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint is scarce. It can lead to several complications, such as spinal cord compression and cerebral vein thrombosis. A 51‐year‐old man presented with a twenty‐day history of inflammatory neck pain. Physical examination revealed paravertebral muscle contracture, restricted neck movement, and fever. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed synovitis of atlanto‐odontoid joint, anterior epidural collection, and cerebral vein thrombosis. Transthoracic echocardiography was unremarkable. The patient was successfully treated with anti‐staphylococcal antibiotic treatment for 12 weeks associated with immobilization of the cervical spine. MRI performed one month after the initiation of the treatment showed disappearance of the epidural collection. The diagnosis of septic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint should be considered in a patient with inflammatory neck pain. MRI findings are relevant in making the diagnosis of a septic atlanto‐odontoid joint. Conservative treatment, including antibiotic and neck immobilization, can be sufficient for the treatment of pyogenic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint. Cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication due to septic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint.
Eco‐Friendly Technique for Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles: Pd(II) Ions Adsorption
Authors: Davarnejad Reza , Nikandam Kourosh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel eco‐friendly procedure was developed to adsorb Pd2+ions from wastewaters using the green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). ZnO NPs were easily produced using zinc nitrate throughCentaurea cyanusextract as a reducing agent at ambient conditions. X‐ray diffraction results demonstrated that ZnO NPs have a highly crystalline hexagonal structure. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis indicated an active contribution ofC. cyanus‐derived biomolecules in zinc ions bioreduction. ZnO NPs were properly dispersed and had a hexagonal shape. The impact of process parameters like initial pH of solution, adsorption dosage, Pd2+ions initial concentration, and contact time on the Pd2+ions adsorption from the effluent of a petrochemical company was evaluated. The Freundlich isothermal model could excellently legitimize a multilayer adsorption. The adsorption process followed a pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetic, i.e., chemisorption process.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Engell Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIm Profil: Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Sebastian Engell, Lehrstuhl für Systemdynamik und Prozessführung / Fakultät Bio‐ und Chemieingenieurwesen, TU Dortmund; 2021 mit der Arnold‐Eucken‐Medaille der GVT ausgezeichnet.
Polymerization of ethylene in the gas phase—A new combined hardware and software tool
Authors: Blazzio Yashmin R. , Norsic Sebastien , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA multi‐reactor stopped‐flow apparatus has been developed to study gas‐phase olefin polymerization at short times under industrially meaningful reaction conditions. A simplified single‐phase 1D dynamic model of the reactor was used to develop an estimator of the polymerization rate from the recorded measurements of temperature, pressure, and flow rates. This combined hardware/software tool was used to investigate the difference between two commercial catalysts that showed different activity profiles in a standard laboratory reactor. Using the temperature and rate profiles generated with this new reactor, it was shown that one of the catalysts exhibited extremely rapid light off and an associated initial temperature spike. Since the observed activity of this catalyst was much lower than that of the other catalyst in the laboratory‐scale reactor, it is postulated that thermal deactivation, which cannot be detected in the larger system, was responsible for the lower long‐term activities.
μFlowCal – High‐Resolution Differential Flow Microcalorimeter for the Measurement of Heats of Mixing
Authors: Vaz Inês C. M. , Torres Manuel C. , Silva Fernando M. T. , Carpinteiro. Francisco S. , Santos Luís M. N. B. F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Luís M. N. B. F. Santos at the University of Porto (Portugal). The cover picture shows a scheme of the μFlowCAL working principle. This flow type microcalorimeter is able to measure the heat of mixing/reaction of two fluids injected in a glass micromixer micro reactor of 200 μL. A second micromixer/reactor is used as a calorimetric reference. This calorimeter allows for an accurate measurement of heats of mixing or dilution using very small samples. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/cmtd.202100099.
Cytology interpretation after a change to HPV testing in primary cervical screening: Observational study from the English pilot
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , Mathews Christopher S. , Denton Karin ,   for the HPV Pilot Steering Group
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUNDOvercalling of abnormalities has been a concern for using cytology triage after positive high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in cervical screening.METHODSThe authors studied the detection of cytological and histological abnormalities at age 24 to 64 years, using data from the English HPV pilot. The pilot compared routine implementation of primary cervical screening based on cytology (N = 931,539), where HPV test results were not available before cytology reporting, with that based on HPV testing (N = 403,269), where cytology was only required after positive HPV tests.RESULTSRevealed HPV positivity was associated with a higher direct referral to colposcopy after any abnormality (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14‐1.18). Laboratories with higher direct referral referred fewer persistently HPV‐positive women after early recall. The detection of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) after direct referral increased with an ORadj of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.13‐1.20) for informed versus uninformed cytology. Generally, the positive predictive value (PPV) of colposcopy for CIN2+ remained comparable under both conditions of interpreting cytology. In women 50 to 64 years old with high‐grade dyskaryosis, however, the PPV increased from 71% to 83% after revealing HPV positivity (ORadj, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.43‐2.93).CONCLUSIONSQuality‐controlled cervical screening programs can avoid inappropriate overgrading of HPV‐positive cytology.;
A decentralized lightweight authentication protocol under blockchain
Authors: Xu Mingcheng , Xu Gaojian , Xu Haoyu , Zhou Jiadong , Li Shaowen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the continuous development of blockchain technology, blockchain gradually becomes to play an important role in the fields of finance, medicine, and new energy. In the certification of the membership of the blockchain, a third‐party certificate authority (CA) is used for certification. Considering the centralized structure of CA, and it is difficult for users to evaluate the credibility of CA. A decentralized blockchain membership authentication scheme and a key agreement protocol based on the elliptic curve are proposed by us. The protocol effectively addresses the credibility and single point of failure problems of centralized CAs in the traditional model. Through analysis, our scheme can effectively perform user registration and membership authentication instead of CAs. The security and correctness of the protocol was also analyzed using the formal protocol analysis tool ProVerif and the Ck model. The key authentication protocol we proposed can resist a variety of attacks, and the computational time consumption and Communication costs are relatively low.
Oilfield wastewater treatment in anode and sunlight/persulfate composite oxidation system
Authors: Wu Lulu , Wang Yifei , Zhang Naidong , Kong Xiang Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA method is proposed that encompasses visible light/anodic oxidation‐derived persulfates as well as the formation of a novel polyferric flocculation agent, which can synergistically treat oilfield wastewater. In this method, under irradiation of visible light, the anodic oxidation online generated sulfate is partly converted into sulfate radicals for oxidation of organic pollutants. It partly oxidizes divalent iron ions added at the end of electrolysis into polyferric species that can flocculate and degrade organic pollutants in the wastewater. The advantages of this process are environmental safety and overall low cost. Under optimal conditions (pH = 7.0, electrolysis time of 50 min, applied current intensity of 1.2 A, [Na2SO4] = 0.8 mol/L), the system exposed to simulated sunlight achieved 73.3% TOC removal, showing high efficiency in degrading organic pollutants. The experiment proved that the Na2SO4in the electrolyte can be partially recovered.
Irreversibility analysis for Casson thermo‐fluidics inside a cone: Cattaneo–Christov heat flux
Authors: Vyas Paresh , Gajanand  , Khan Sahanawaz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this communication, thermodynamic irreversibility arising in dissipative Casson fluid flow inside a cone is investigated. The boundary–layer flow is considered wherein the motion is caused due to a point sink at the cone's vertex and the movement of the wall of the cone. The wall of the cone is subjected to mass transpiration that alters the flow and thermal regime. The cone having fluid‐saturated porous medium experiences Cattaneo–Christov heat flux. The configuration admits a similarity transformation that yields a boundary value problem (BVP) comprising an ordinary differential equation. The BVP is treated by the fourth‐order R‐K method along with the shooting algorithm. The system yields a dual solution for momentum and energy, which gives rise to a dual regime for entropy distribution. Numerical computations provide quantities of interest viz. velocity and temperature distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and entropy distribution. Phenomena exhibited through profiles/tables for velocity, temperature, entropy, streamlines, and other quantities of interest reveal interesting results.