bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol processing technique for the synthesis of mixed-phase copper on carbon catalyst: insights into CO2 adsorption and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Subedi Nabin , Mesceriakovas Arunas , Pham Khai , Heponiemi Anne , Karhunen Tommi , Saarinen Jarkko J , Lassi Ulla , Lähde Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, spray pyrolysis; an aerosol processing technique was utilized to produce a mixed-phase copper on carbon (Cu/Cu
x
O@C) catalyst. The catalyst production was performed via chemical reduction of copper nitrate by a reducing sugar, i.e. glucose, using aqueous solution. The physical and chemical properties of the produced particles was assessed using various characterization techniques. The synthesis temperature had pronounced effect on the final particles. Since CO2 adsorption onto the catalyst is an important step in catalytic CO2 reduction processes, it was studied using thermogravimetric and temperature programmed desorption techniques. Additionally, photocatalytic activity of the particles was evaluated by gas-phase oxidation of acetylene gas which revealed excellent activity under both UV and visible light irradiation indicating the possible use of wider range of the solar spectrum.
Towards ballistic transport CVD graphene by controlled removal of polymer residues
Authors: Duan Tianbo , Li Hu , Papadakis Raffaello , Leifer Klaus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polymer-assisted wet transfer of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene has achieved great success towards the true potential for large-scale electronic applications, while the lack of an efficient polymer removal method has been regarded as a crucial factor for realizing high carrier mobility in graphene devices. Hereby, we report an efficient and facile method to clean polymer residues on graphene surface by merely employing solvent mixture of isopropanol (IPA) and water (H2O). Raman spectroscopy shows an intact crystal structure of graphene after treatment, and the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates a significant decrease in the C–O and C=O bond signals, which is mainly attributed to the removal of polymer residues and further confirmed by subsequent atomic force microscopy analysis. More importantly, our gated measurements demonstrate that the proposed approach has resulted in a 3-fold increase of the carrier mobility in CVD graphene with the electron mobility close to 10 000 cm2 V−1 S−1, corresponding to an electron mean free path beyond 100 nm. This intrigues the promising application for this novel method in achieving ballistic transport for CVD graphene devices.
A do-it-yourself Czerny–Turner spectrometer: atomic emission, absorption, reflection and fluorescence spectroscopy in natural sciences
Authors: Osterheider Mattis , Bourdon Bjoern , Boettcher Rasmus , Beeken Marco , Imlau Mirco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spectrometers play a decisive role in the education of A-level and/or under-graduate students in the field of natural sciences. They are capable to demonstrate atomic emission, transmission, reflection and fluorescence spectra, but can be used for wavelength filtering, as well. Here, we present a do-it-yourself spectrometer setup based on a Czerny–Turner design that (a) can be used for all measurement types with one and the same setup and (b) is capable to spectrally resolve atomic emission lines. We use LEGO® bricks for the optomechanical construction and combine it with affordable, but high-quality optical components and linear array based on a charge-coupled device (CCD). A modular design is implemented and allows for a quick change between the various measurement techniques, but also fosters the technological understanding of the underlying systems’ optical design.
Fisher matrix for the angular power spectrum of multi-tracer galaxy surveys
Authors: Abramo L. Raul , Dinarte Ferri João Vitor , Tashiro Ian Lucas , Loureiro Arthur 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Redshift evolution and peculiar velocities break the isotropy of cosmological surveys with respect to the directions parallel and transverse to the line of sight, limiting the accuracy of the Fourier representation to small areas and redshift ranges.
In contrast to the Fourier space power spectrum, the full information about the two-point function of tracers of large-scale structure is encapsulated in the redshift-dependent angular power spectrum Cij
ℓ
(zi
,zj
) for the tracer species i and j at the redshift slices zi
and zj
, expressed in harmonic space.
In this paper we derive semi-analytical expressions for the multi-tracer Fisher matrix of angular power spectra, in real and in redshift space, which are exact in the linear regime of structure formation.
Our expressions can be used to forecast the constraining power of galaxy surveys with many tracers and a large number of redshift slices, for which the derivation of the Fisher matrix from numerically evaluated covariance matrices may not be feasible or practical.
Controlling optical lateral shifts in a monolayer graphene system
Authors: Mohammed Amjed Qasim , Fahim Fatima Safaa , Lafta Holya A , Abbass Rathab , Kadhim Athmar Ali , Shams Marwah A , Adhab Ayat Hussein 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this letter, we have studied the optical lateral shifts of transmitted and reflected lights in a defect structure doped by a single layer of graphene nanostructure. For adapting the optical features of the lateral shifts, we have first studied the refractive index properties of the defect layer. We have studied the conditions for achieving the negative and positive refractive index of the graphene monolayer system. After that, we have discussed the optical lateral shifts of the reflected and transmitted light beams when the refractive index of the graphene nanostructure become positive or negative, respectively. We have found that the enhanced lateral shifts for reflected and transmitted lights may be possible for a positive refractive index. For the negative refractive index, we have realized that simultaneous negative or positive lateral shifts are possible for the reflected and transmitted light beams. In our proposed scheme, the lateral shifts at the fixed incident angle are possible only by tuning the optical parameters without needing to change the cavity structure.
A thresholding method based on society modularity and role division for functional connectivity analysis
Authors: Li Jianxiu , Chen Junhao , Zhang Zihao , Hao Yanrong , Li Xiaowei , Hu Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Inferring the optimized and sparse network structure from the fully connected matrix is a key step in functional connectivity (FC) analysis. However, it is still an urgent problem to be solved, how to exclude the weak and spurious connections contained in functional networks objectively. Most existing binarization methods assume that the network has some certain constraint structures, which lead to changes in the original topology of the network. Approach. To solve this problem, we develop a Trade-off Model between Cost and Topology under Role Division (MCT), which consists of three crucial strategies, including modularity detection, definition of node role, and E-cost optimization algorithm. This algorithm weighs the physical cost and adaptive value of the network while preserving the network structure. Reliability and validity of MCT were evaluated by comparing different binarization methods (efficiency cost optimization, cluster-span threshold, threshold method, and MCT) on synthetic and real data sets. Main results. Experiment results demonstrated that the recovery rate of MCT for networks under noise interference is superior to other methods. In addition, brain networks filtered with MCT had higher network efficiency and shorter characteristic path length, which is more in line with the small world characteristics. Finally, applying MCT to resting-state electroencephalography data from patients with major depression reveals abnormal topology of the patients’ connectivity networks, manifested as lower clustering coefficient (CC) and higher global efficiency (GE). Significance. This study provides an objective method for complex network analysis, which may contribute to the future of FC research.
Processive and distributive non-equilibrium networks discriminate in alternate limits
Authors: Venkataraman Gaurav G , Miska Eric A , Jordan David J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study biochemical reaction networks capable of product discrimination inspired by biological proofreading mechanisms. At equilibrium, product discrimination, the selective formation of a ‘correct’ product with respect to an ‘incorrect product’, is fundamentally limited by the free energy difference between the two products. However, biological systems often far exceed this limit, by using discriminatory networks that expend free energy to maintain non-equilibrium steady states. Non-equilibrium systems are notoriously difficult to analyze and no systematic methods exist for determining parameter regimes which maximize discrimination. Here we introduce a measure that can be computed directly from the biochemical rate constants which provides a condition for proofreading in a broad class of models, making it a useful objective function for optimizing discrimination schemes. Our results suggest that this measure is related to whether a network is processive or distributive. Processive networks are those that have a single dominant pathway for reaction progression, such as a protein complex that must be assembled sequentially. While distributive networks are those that have many effective pathways from the reactant to the product state; e.g. a protein complex in which the subunits can associate in any order. Non-equilibrium systems can discriminate using either binding energy (energetic) differences or activation energy (kinetic) differences. In both cases, proofreading is optimal when dissipation is maximized. In this work, we show that for a general class of proofreading networks, energetic discrimination requires processivity and kinetic discrimination requiring distributivity. Optimal discrimination thus requires both maximizing dissipation and being in the correct processive/distributive limit. Sometimes, adjusting a single rate may put these requirements in opposition and in these cases, the error may be a non-monotonic function of that rate. This provides an explanation for the observation that the error is a non-monotonic function of the irreversible drive in the original proofreading scheme of Hopfield and Ninio. Finally, we introduce mixed networks, in which one product is favored energetically and the other kinetically. In such networks, sensitive product switching can be achieved simply by spending free energy to drive the network toward either the processive limit or the distributive limit. Biologically, this corresponds to the ability to select between products by driving a single reaction without network fine tuning. This may be used to explore alternate product spaces in challenging environments.
Replicated entanglement negativity for disjoint intervals in the Ising conformal field theory
Authors: Rockwood Gavin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We calculate the N interval replicated negativity for the Ising conformal field theory using correlation functions of branch point twist fields. For some subset P ⊂ N, this is a calculation of

Tr

(

ρ

A

T

P

)

n

where n is the replica index. This can be reformulated as a calculation of partition functions over superelliptic Riemann surfaces, and for the models in question, this partition function can be expressed in terms of the period matrix of this surface. We detail how to construct the period matrices for these surfaces, giving an analytic expression for

Tr

(

ρ

A

T

P

)

n

. The results are expressed such that when P = Ø, which corresponds to calculating the Rényi entropy, the formulas aligns with known results for the N interval Rényi entropy.
The Extinction Time Probability Distribution: Some Empirical Experiments
Authors: Al-Azzawi Hussein F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim is to calculate the parametric and nonparametric probability distribution of the time until extinction for two stochastic predator-prey models namely the Rosenzweig-Macarthur and May models. We assume a climate variability parameterrto change in value each year. The amplitude of the variableris a normally distributed random variable truncated to the closed interval [r1,r2]. Two such intervals are used with two different values of variance for the normal distribution. Simulation is used to generate the data for each case and the data is analyzed to obtain the best fit probability distribution.
The Independent Incompatible Edges Topology on Di-graphs
Authors: Ali Iman Abbas , Hassan Asmhan Flieh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This sheet offers a novel topology for di-graphs termed independent incompatible edges topology, which creates the topology from the edges set 𝕶 for whatever di-graph. On edges 𝕶, a family of sub-basis is used for build the independent incompatible edges topology. After that, we look at assorted properties; explore the Independent Incompatible Edge Topology on some types of di-graphs. In addition, this topology’s some initial results were studied. Our objective is to understand several aspects of any di-graph using it is corresponding independent incompatible edges topology, the topology that is discussed in this paper.
Fractional Variational iteration Method for Solving Fractional Order Shoreline Moving Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Nama Adnan Yassean , Fadhel Fadhel Subhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, the mathematical model of shoreline problem will be presented, which includes Caputo sense space-time fractional order derivative. The solution to this problem would be an approximate solution using fractional variational iteration method (FVIM). Graphically the results will be compared with an exact solution to the integer order derivatives. Three cases are discussed, time fractional, space fractional and standard diffusion problem.
Application of the Generalized Backstepping Control Method for Lotka-Volterra Prey-Predator System with Constant Time Delay
Authors: Ghaffar Mayadah Khalil , Fadhel Fadhel S. , Arif Nabeel E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A well-known method, namely the backstepping method, which is used for stabilizing systems of ordinary differential equations is applied in this paper to solve the system of Lotka-Volterra prey-predator with time delay. The followed approach is accomplished with the cooperation of the method of steps, which is a well-known approach followed in solving delay differential equations, to transform the system of nonlinear delay differential equations into an equivalent system of ordinary differential equations. The fundamental concept behind the backstepping method is to construct recursively Lyapunov functions in quadratic form to stabilize the system for each time step interval. Matlab computer software is used to carry out the numerical simulation in order to investigate the effectiveness of the followed approach.
Some Results of a Harmonic Family of Analytic Functions Connected with Poisson Distribution Series
Authors: Dhayea Husamuldeen I , Juma Abdul Rahman S 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article aims to gain implicit relations among different subclasses of harmonic family of analytic functions containing with some description for Poisson distribution series to be in the new subclasses of harmonic convex functions and harmonic starlike, 𝒦𝒲(α) andUW*(α)respectively, in the plane.
Color Image Encryption Based on New Integral Transform SEE
Authors: Kuffi Emad A. , Mehdi Sadiq A. , Mansour Eman A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to the worldwide expansion of the internet, the consumption and transmission of multimedia materials have risen significantly. This growth in demand necessitated a corresponding increase in data security measures. This work investigates encryption technology and proposes a novel color picture encryption and decryption approach based on the “SEE transform” developed by Sadiq, Emad, and Eman. We used the SEE transform to encrypt the original image, and the corresponding inverse SEE transform for decryption. The SEE transform has been performed to enhance the security of the encryption method. After using the SEE transform, we show that the suggested method considerably improves security measures and immunity to attacks, as demonstrated by comprehensive experiments and statistical analysis.
Study of Quotient Property Topologically
Authors: Manfe Riyam K. , Abed Majid Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, our focus on the notion of quotient related to topology of some structure algebra several results and generalizations of topological quotient algebra have been given. We investigate some facts about quotient ring and quotient module topological especially when we have product of quotient ring and modules. One pf the results R/I. is a topological ring (TR), as we established. Also some results about topological submodule and topological module was introduced. Finally; some definitions and examples have been presented.
On measure relatively to fuzzy σ–algebra
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim S. , Ebrahim Hassan H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work we introduce and study some concepts relatively to fuzzy σ–algebra such as measure, countably additive, complete measure and extension of measure. Moreover, we present some of their basic properties and examples of them. In addition, it is shown that the linear combination of measure relatively to fuzzy σ–algebra is a measure too. Finally, the relationships between the proposed concepts have been introduced.
The Schwarz inequality and the Harnack’s Theorem For A (z) – Analytical Function
Authors: Qasim Jaafar Jabbar , Radhi Ahmed khalaf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the theory fundamental theorems of A (z) – analytic functions and establishes analogies for Schwarz inequality as well as Harnack’s theorem for A(z) – analytic functions.
Maximum Likelihood Estimates and a survival function for fuzzy data for the Weibull-Pareto parameters
Authors: Abdalrazaq Abdallah Salah , Batah Feras Sh. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we discuss the estimation parameters and the reliability function for Weibull –Pareto distribution by maximum likelihood method. For that we used two iterative approximation techniques called “Newton-Raphson (NR)” and “Fisher’s Scoring (FS) method” when the available data is in the form of fuzzy numbers. The parameters’ and reliability function’s estimates are numerically contrasted using a Monte-Carlo simulation study in terms of their mean square error (MSE), integrated mean square error (IMSE), and mean absolute proportional error (MAPE) criteria. The FS technique outperforms the NR method in simulations, according to the empirical data.
The Estimation of Survival Function for Modified Weibull Extension Distribution Using Two-Symmetric Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers with Simulation
Authors: Yass Shaima’a B. , Kanani Iden H. Al 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the parameters of the Modified Weibull Extension Distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimator method and the Monte Carlo method in the simulation procedure to generate many different sample sizes, with many different replicates of the sample sizes. Following that finding, the Survival function’s estimate. Then fuzzify the estimation of the parameters for the same different sample sizes with the same difference in replicated sample sizes that was obtained from the Monte Carlo method in the simulation procedure by the new proposed method of expanding the Confidence Interval of estimated parameters to nine fuzzy numbers. Then, transform all the fuzzy parameters to crisp parameters using the proposed ranking functions with (proposed Linear Two- Symmetric Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers, and proposed Non Linear Two-Symmetric Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers). Accordingly, finding the Survival function. The outcome of Survival functions before and after fuzzy work will be compared using mean square error.
Iraqi License Plate Recognition Based on Neural Network Technique
Authors: Hussein Khalid Ali , Al-Ani Ziad Tariq A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
License Plate (LP) is the unique identification of a vehicle. License Plate Recognition (LPR) is considered as one of the promising aspects of applying computer seeing technology across intelligent transportation system. We used mathematical morphology and edge detection as a method for segmentation and extracting the vehicle license plate character, in Location of the vehicle plate. Initially, the color image was changed to a gray image, and by calculating the difference between the pixels and their neighbors in order to build the edge of the image. This makes the license panel appear clearly. The Sobel operator is applied to extract the edge of objects in the image. In order to obtain a smooth image, we apply the mathematical morphology of the images for dilation and erosion, and then we improve the efficiency of segmentation processing by using the images that are sent to the LP recognition stage. Multi-layer perceptron neural network will be used to recognize the license plate. Characters can be accurately extracted from the license plate due to the accurate extraction of the plate region.
P- Omega Limit Set in Random Dynamical Systems
Authors: Alkhrayfawee N G , Kadhim I J , Albukhuttar A N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The primary objective of this work is to investigate the idea of P-omega limit sets in a random dynamical system, where P might refer to any replete semi group in the time-space (considered a locally compact group with Harr measure). Within the context of a random dynamical system, the ideas of P-trajectory and P-invariant random sets are discussed; moreover, several fundamental features connected to these notions are looked into. The concept of a P-omega limit set of random sets in a random dynamical system is established, and several fundamental aspects are shown using mathematical proofs. In addition to this, the connection that exists between the P-trajectory and the P-omega limit set is shown.
Orthogonal Generalized Symmetric Higher Bi-Left (Resp. Right) Centralizers on Semiprime Γ- Ring
Authors: Thahab Hussein Jaber , Mehdi Salih Salah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Specialists in the field of algebra have highlighted many results related to the Γ-ring, and in my research, I will present some definitions and concepts and a major theorem parallel to the results of other researchers.
New results for certain types of contra pre-continuous functions in topological space
Authors: Öztürk Ufuk , Kharata Raghad Hussein Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work, introduce some properties of another type of contra pre-continuous functions in topological space up on some generalization of closed sets, namely pre-closed and preopen sets as well as showing some theorems related about to composition and restriction for these types of functions, also submitted another types ofcontra-continuous which are bi-contra-continuous functions with several theorems about this concept have been given.
Inner Ideals of The Symplectic Simple Lie Algebra
Authors: Kareem Falah Saad , Shlaka Hasan M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Let A be an associative algebra over a field 𝔽 of any characteristic with involution and let K = skew (A) = { a ∈ A | a* = − a} be its corresponding sub-algebra under the Lie product [a, b] = ab − ba for all a, b ∈ A. In this paper, inner ideals of such Lie algebras were defined, considered, studied, and classified. Some examples and results were provided. It is proved that for every Jordan-Lie inner ideal of K, one can find an idempotent e ∈ A such that this inner ideal may be written in the form eK e*. It is also proved inner ideals of such Lie algebras are regular.