bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0021 The effect of video gaming on the sleep patterns and well-being of U.S. Marines
Authors: Matsangas Panagiotis , Shattuck Nita , Shattuck Lawrence , Xu Jason , Orpilla Edrie , Lawrence-Sidebottom Darian , Dotson Elizabeth , Bowen Zena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Video gaming (VGs) is a popular activity among active-duty service members (ADSMs) and can have both positive and negative impacts on ADSM well-being and behavior. The overall aim of the project was to assess attributes and aspects of video gaming in the United States Navy and Marine Corps (USMC). Our current results specifically address the effects of video gaming on the sleep patterns of Marines.

Methods
Data were collected from 927 Marines from three USMC commands. Volunteers completed a survey and participated in semi-structured focus groups. The survey items focused on demographic and occupational characteristics, behavioral habits, video gaming habits, why ADSMs play video games, and functional effects. Validated tools were used to assess depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and drinking habits (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption-AUDIT-C).

Results
The study sample included predominantly males (854, 92.3%) and enlisted personnel (771, 83.3%). Also, 850 (91.7%) Marines reported playing video games (799 [94.0%] males). Gamers reported playing VGs predominantly later in the day (i.e., after work and before bedtime). Approximately 16% of gamers reported sleeping later because of playing VGs when at home/off duty, ~14% when on duty/in port, and ~5% when deployed/underway. When deployed/underway, most gamers reported playing video games in their racks (93.2%). Gamers reported symptoms of depression (~23% of ADSMs), generalized anxiety (~19%), excessive daytime sleepiness (~33%), and AUDIT-C scores suggestive of heavy drinking (39%). Excessive gamers tended to be younger, used dysfunctional coping styles more frequently, and played VGs more frequently and for more hours. Excessive gamers were more likely to report sleeping later because of playing VGs and to be identified with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Conclusion
This study provided valuable insight into how video gaming habits affect ADSM sleep patterns. Further research is needed to objectively assess the relationship between video gaming and sleep in operational conditions.

Support (If Any)
Supported by the Manpower and Reserve Affairs (M&RA), Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC), and the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations/21st Century Sailor Office (OPNAV/N17).
0024 ARC Genotype Modulates EEG Spectral Power Following Total Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Satterfield Brieann , Finlay Myles , Skeiky Lillian , Lawrence-Sidebottom Darian , Schmidt Michelle , Wisor Jonathan , Van Dongen Hans 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep homeostasis is manifested by a robust increase in slow wave sleep (SWS) following acute total sleep deprivation (TSD), with concomitant changes in spectral power of the non-REM (NREM) sleep EEG marked by substantial interindividual differences. We previously found that a single nucleotide polymorphism of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (ARC) gene modulates SWS rebound following TSD. Here we sought to determine whether ARC genotype is also associated with interindividual differences in spectral power of the NREM sleep EEG.

Methods
50 healthy adults (27.3±4.9 years; 28 females) participated in one of two in-laboratory studies. Each participant had a 10h baseline sleep opportunity (22:00–08:00), 38h TSD, and a 10h recovery sleep opportunity (22:00–08:00). Sleep periods were recorded polysomnographically and visually scored according to AASM criteria. Genomic DNA was assayed for the ARC c.*742 + 58C&gt;T non-coding SNP, rs35900184. Log-transformed NREM sleep EEG spectral power (C3-M3 derivation) over 0.2 Hz frequency bins in each of four frequency bands – delta (0.8–4.0 Hz), theta (4.2–8.0 Hz), alpha (8.2–12.0 Hz), and beta (12.2–16.0 Hz) – was analyzed by band using mixed-effects ANOVA with fixed effects for ARC genotype, night (baseline, recovery), frequency bin, and their interactions. Analyses included study and age as covariates and a random effect over subjects on the intercept.

Results
The genotype distribution in this sample was 33 C/C homozygotes, 11 C/T heterozygotes, and 6 T/T homozygotes. There was a significant ARC by night interaction in the theta (F2,1833=5.94, p=0.003) and alpha (F2,1833=8.58, p&lt;0.001) bands. Compared to baseline sleep, during recovery sleep C/C homozygotes had 18.9% more theta power and 8.7% more alpha power, C/T heterozygotes had 17.9% more theta power and 7.6% more alpha power, and T/T homozygotes had 20.0% more theta power and 15.1% more alpha power.

Conclusion
Our results show that ARC genotype mediates the NREM sleep EEG response to TSD; compared to C allele carriers, homozygosity for the T allele is associated with a much more pronounced increase in alpha power, as well as a larger increase in theta power. The functional implications of this ARC effect remain to be determined.

Support (If Any)
ONR N00014-13-1-0302, NIH R21CA167691, and USAMRDC W81XWH-18-1-0100.
0034 Genetic Determinants of Cardiometabolic and Pulmonary Traits and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Elgart Michael , Kurniansya Nuzulul , Spitzer Brian , Wang Heming , Shah Neomi , Daviglus Martha , Phylis Zee , Cai Jianwen , Gottlieb Daniel , Cade Brian , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often co-occurs with other health outcomes. The respiratory event index (REI), often used to define OSA, is similarly correlated with several health phenotypes. Genetic data provide an opportunity to explain the nature of these associations.

Methods
We used data from the Hispanic Community Healthy Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) to estimate genetic correlations (i.e., the correlation between phenotypes that is due to genetic effects) between OSA severity as measured by the REI and 56 anthropometric, glycemic, cardiometabolic, and pulmonary traits. Genetically-correlated traits (&gt;0.2 and p-value&lt;0.05) were carried forward for additional analysis. Using summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we constructed Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) representing the genetic basis of each correlated trait and OSA, and studied their associations with the genetically-correlated traits, REI and OSA. OSA was defined as REI5. When a PRS for a correlated-trait was associated (p-value&lt;0.05) with REI/OSA or vice versa, we used GWAS summary statistics to test causal relationships using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. We further estimated correlated-trait PRS associations with REI and OSA in subgroups of individuals with and without obesity (BMI&gt;30).

Results
The dataset included 11,155 participants (mean age: 46.2 (SD =13.8) years; 41.1% males) from the baseline HCHS/SOL exam who underwent home sleep apnea testing. 30.65% had OSA. 22 traits were genetically correlated with REI. Without BMI adjustment, the PRSs of BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), HbA1c, triglycerides (TG), FEV1/FVC and insomnia were significantly associated with REI/OSA. The associations of WHR, DBP, PP, HbA1c and insomnia PRSs and REI/OSA remained in BMI adjusted analysis. In obesity-stratified analysis, PRS of BMI, WHR and DBP were associated with REI/OSA in individuals with obesity, while PRSs of FEV1/FVC, HbA1c, insomnia, PP, TG, and WHR were associated with REI/OSA in individuals without obesity. MR analysis identified robust causal effect of increased BMI on OSA, and suggestive causal effects of WHR, DBP, and PP on OSA.

Conclusion
Our results support shared genetic basis of anthropometric traits, blood pressure traits, and insomnia with OSA, with potential differences in disease mechanisms in individuals with and without obesity.

Support (If Any)
Funding: R35HL135818, R21HL145425.
0053 The Role of Social Isolation on Sleep Problems Interfering with Daily Functioning
Authors: Wellman Camryn , Jankowski Samantha , Grandner Michael , Reign Deva , Dailey Natalie , Killgore William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread feelings of social isolation have become more prevalent than ever before as lockdowns and social distancing measures led people to remain in their homes. The constructs of social isolation and loneliness are similar but reflect slightly different aspects of social experience. Social isolation reflects the amount of social contact a person experiences, whereas loneliness reflects the subjective experience of an emotional yearning for such contact. While is known that sleep problems have increased during the pandemic, there has been little research into the potential effects of social isolation on sleep problems. Here, we examined the influence of social isolation on the extent to which insomnia has interfered with daily life activities. We hypothesized that social isolation would contribute to greater disruption in daily functioning from insomnia, exclusive of the effects of loneliness.

Methods
13,298 English-speaking adults from across the U.S. (18-92 years old; 57.5% female) completed an online battery of assessments that included demographic questions, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale – Version 3 between April 2020 and April 2021. Participants were grouped based on whether they felt “socially isolated” or not at the time of assessment. Social isolation groups were compared for the extent that insomnia interfered with daily functioning, while statistically controlling for loneliness.

Results
After controlling for loneliness, socially isolated individuals reported much greater daily interference from sleep problems, M=1.58, SD=1.19, compared to those who denied feeling socially isolated, M=0.96, SD=1.04, F(1,13295)=287.67, p=7.5x10-64.

Conclusion
Social isolation during the pandemic was associated with significantly greater disruption of daily functioning due to sleep-related issues, even after adjusting for self-reported loneliness. Thus, feeling isolated and lacking social contact was related to functional degradation due to sleep problems. Prior evidence suggests that social isolation can have a dramatic negative impact on mental health and can lead to increased all-cause mortality, but these results suggest social isolation may also impact sleep health and functional outcomes (whether that be physical, cognitive, or psychological). Thus, being isolated during the pandemic was associated with greater degradation of functional outcomes of sleep, regardless of subjective loneliness.

Support (If Any)
0077 Exploring Psychological and Behavioral Factors with Sleep Health in Latinx Children
Authors: Nguyen-Rodriguez Selena , Lee Soomi , Jiao June , Master Lindsay , Buxton Orfeu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
While sleep health is comprised of multiple dimensions, extant research tends to investigate single elements of sleep, such as sleep duration or sleep quality. The current study aimed to explore whether psychological and behavioral factors were associated with a multidimensional sleep health score as well as if sleep health was related to adiposity among Latinx children.

Methods
A community sample of 100 Latinx 10-to-12-year-olds were recruited from Los Angeles and Orange Counties (California, US). Psychological (perceived stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms), sleep hygiene and chronotype (lower scores indicate more adaptive sleep hygiene and eveningness, respectively) measures were collected with surveys. Diet data (sugar, fiber) was collected by two 24-hour recalls. Adiposity (BMI percentile, percent body fat) was assessed via bioimpedance scale. Sleep actigraphy (1 week) provided objective sleep dimension data. A composite score of sleep health across 6 dimensions (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) was constructed (0=better to 6=poorer). Hierarchical linear regressions, controlling for demographics (age, gender, monthly household income), assessed associations for each set of factors.

Results
The mean sleep health score was 2.08±1.41; 31.6% of Latinx children in our sample had poor sleep health (using median cut-point of 2). Poorer sleep hygiene (std. β=-.235, p=.037) and higher income (std. β=.244, p=.022) were significantly associated with poorer sleep health, while eveningness was marginally related (std. β=-.210, p=.068). Lower fiber intake (std. β=-.235, p=.037) and higher income (std. β=-.245, p=.038) were significantly associated with poorer sleep health. Psychological and adiposity variables were not associated with sleep health after controlling for demographics.

Conclusion
This study shows the prevalence and correlates of poor sleep health in Latinx children, an understudied group at risk for several health disparities. Better sleep hygiene was related to better sleep health. Several findings diverge from the literature based on single dimensions of sleep in general samples. Higher SES was related to poorer sleep health. Psychological factors and adiposity were not related to sleep health. A novel finding was that higher fiber intake was related to better sleep health. Additional research is needed to better understand factors related to multidimensional sleep health in Latinx children.

Support (If Any)
This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences under Award Numbers UL1GM118979, TL4GM118980, and RL5GM118978 as well as the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Award Number 1K01HL140283.
0081 Physiologic anatomy, use of Infra-Red Thermography in Hypersomnia
Authors: Govindan Srini 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
In the words of Michel Salmon, " Between anatomy and physiology there is room for a functional anatomy and for a physiologic anatomy “. This concept was applied to analyze our (1) Sleep Research 21, 1992,341 (2) Sleep Research 22, 1993, 363, and (3) SLEEP 31, 2008, A219 publications on patients with Hypersomnia who had intracranial and extracranial blood flow evaluations.

Methods
For “Functional Anatomy”, Intracranial cerebral blood flow was done with Xenon 133 inhalation. For “Physiologic Anatomy”, Extracranial facial blood flow Imaging, Infra-Red thermography was done. 1992,3 and 2008 data was classified: Groups I, II and III. Group I had Intracranial and Extracranial blood flow study, 5% CO2 inhalation. Groups II had Extracranial flow study with 5 % CO2 and 100 % Oxygen inhalation. Groups III had Extracranial flow study 100 % Oxygen inhalation. Response interpretation: Normal response to 5% CO2, vasodilation. For 100% Oxygen / hyperoxia, vasoconstriction. Response is considered as normal or abnormal, if response is absent or paradoxical.

Results
Group I: All three patients 5% CO2 inhalation, intracranial Functional anatomy vasomotor response normal. Physiological Anatomy response abnormal. Group II, Physiological Anatomy study. 8 patients. CO2 response, 7/8 vasoconstriction, abnormal response. 100% Oxygen challenge, 4/8 had no vasoconstriction, abnormal response. Group III: Physiological anatomy. 7 patients tested with 100% Oxygen challenge. 6/7 abnormal response, (1 vasoconstriction, 4 no response, 2 vasodilation). Total of 18 patients in all groups, physiological anatomy/ Extracranial flow vasomotor response was abnormal in 16/18, (Group I = 3, Group II = 7, and Group III = 6)

Conclusion
In hypersomnia patients vasomotor testing, Functional Anatomy, intracranial flow vasomotion normal in 3/3 for hypercarbia inhalation. For Physiologic Anatomy, using Infra-Red Thermography to image extracranial facial blood flow (not coupled with metabolism) vasomotion was abnormal in 16/18 patients. 5% CO2 and 100% Oxygen inhalation used as contrast agents is well tolerated and facilitates imaging vasomotor dysfunction in the facial blood flow, trigeminal angiosomes, which can be correlated with hypersomnia. Association between trigeminal system and the hypocretin receptor 1 gene HCRTR1 gene has been reported.

Support (If Any)
None.
0092 The Effects of Slow-Oscillatory Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Sleep Physiology in Healthy Humans
Authors: Kishi Akifumi , Togo Fumiharu , Yamamoto Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Recent studies have demonstrated that rocking promotes sleep in animals and humans. The application of an alternating current galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can elicit body sway like rocking sensation. Here, we examined the effects of slow-oscillatory GVS, which can evoke the virtual rocking sensation in the brain, on objective and subjective sleep quality in healthy young adults.

Methods
We studied 14 healthy subjects (age: 22.7 p/m 1.4 years) who underwent 3 nap conditions (adaptation, sham [SHAM], and stimulation [STIM]), where SHAM and STIM were randomly allocated with a 1-week interval in general. The polysomnographic recordings were started at 2 pm and time in bed was restricted to 90 min for all subjects. In both conditions, electrodes were placed on both mastoids for GVS; in STIM condition, the slow-oscillatory (0.25 Hz sinusoidal) GVS was applied throughout the nap period with a current intensity of approximately 80% of sensory thresholds of each subject. The pattern of center of pressure during quiet standing was also measured using a force plate, with or without the same slow-oscillatory GVS. We analyzed sleep variables and electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power and compared them between STIM and SHAM. Subjective sleep quality was also measured and compared between STIM and SHAM.

Results
We confirmed that subsensory slow-oscillatory GVS induced body sway corresponding to the stimulation frequency for all subjects. We found that sleep latency was significantly shorter and total sleep time as well as N2 duration were significantly longer in STIM than in SHAM. N3 duration did not differ significantly between the conditions. EEG power spectrum densities in delta, theta, and sigma bands were significantly greater in STIM than in SHAM. Subjective sleep quality was significantly better in STIM than in SHAM.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that subsensory slow-oscillatory GVS facilitated wake-sleep transition and improved objective and subjective sleep quality. The results suggest that weak periodic inputs into vestibular systems promote sleep by modulating the thalamocortical mechanisms in humans. This finding may open a new avenue toward a development of novel techniques for human sleep augmentation.

Support (If Any)
JST PRESTO (JPMJPR19J3) and JSPS KAKENHI (18K17891) to AK.
0144 Identification of sleep factors related to blood pressure in emergency medicine healthcare workers
Authors: Belloir Joseph , Firew Tsion , Miranda Maody , Shaw Kaitlin , Schwartz Joseph , Makarem Nour , Marcon Kathryn , Schultebraucks Katharina , Sullivan Alexandra , Chang Bernard , Shechter Ari 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Emergency Department (ED) healthcare workers (HCWs) may be at elevated risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), due in part to sleep and/or circadian disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of sleep factors with blood pressure, a primary marker of CVD risk, in ED HCWs.

Methods
Participants were HCWs (physicians, nurses, advanced practice providers, technicians, etc.) from 4 EDs in New York City who completed study procedures between November 2020-October 2021. Participants completed a 2-week data burst, which included sleep/activity (Fitbit Inspire) and home blood pressure monitoring (Omron 5 Series BP7250; preceding and following their main daily sleep episode). Linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, were conducted predicting blood pressure from sleep factors.

Results
The sample included n=74 ED HCWs (mean [SD] age=38.4 [8.7] years). Most were female (62.2%) and non-Hispanic/Latino White (55.6%). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 116.1 (12.5) mmHg and 75.1 (7.6) mmHg, respectively. Actigraphy-derived sleep factor means for the data burst period were: a) Total sleep time (TST): 6.8 (1.0) hours; b) Sleep efficiency (SE): 94.5 (2.2)%; c) Percentage of main sleep episodes throughout the burst with TST &lt;6 hours: 25.9 (20.8)%; d) Sleep start time: 24:06 (01:24); and e) Within-subject inter-daily bedtime variability (i.e., SD of sleep start times): 2.4 (1.8) hours. Higher TST was associated with lower SBP (B [SE] =-0.50 [0.30] mmHg/10 min, p=.04) and DBP (B [SE] =-0.50 [0.20] mmHg/10 min, p=.01). Greater SE was associated with lower SBP (B [SE] =-1.23 [0.55], mmHg/%, p=.03) and DBP (B [SE] =-1.05 [0.39], mmHg/%, p=.01). A higher proportion of nights with TST &lt;6 hours was associated with higher DBP (B [SE] =1.4 [0.40], mmHg/10%, p&lt;0.01) but not SBP. Sleep start time and bedtime variability were not associated with BP.

Conclusion
These findings provide support for the relationship between sleep and blood pressure. Of note, data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may impact observed relationships. Because this is a cross-sectional analysis, the causal direction of the association may be (at least partially) reversed. Further research should examine psychological and work-related factors in ED HCWs that may modify these relationships, e.g., stress/anxiety, burnout, and job strain, and include assessments of the circadian system.

Support (If Any)
R01HL146911
0167 Obesity-Induced Breathing Variability During Sleep Is Not Entirely Attributed to Apneas and Sleep Fragmentation
Authors: Kim Lenise , Alexandre Chloe , Pho Huy , Latremoliere Alban , Polotsky Vsevolod , Pham Luu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity is a major cause of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Conventional metrics of SDB can be confounded by the effects of obesity on oxygenation and lack of standard definitions. Sleep fragmentation is frequently observed in obese individuals, but whether it occurs independently of SDB remains unknown. Quantitative analysis of ventilation may delineate the effects of obesity on breathing patterns and sleep fragmentation. We aimed to examine the effects of obesity on respiratory patterns during sleep and the relationship between obesity-related respiratory variability and sleep fragmentation.

Methods
Sleep recordings were performed in 15 lean C57BL/6J and 17 diet-induced obese (DIO) mice on the same genetic background. We applied Poincaré analysis of minute ventilation (VE) during sleep to estimate the breathing variability. Arousals were classified as respiratory when associated with ≥30% drops in VE from baseline.

Results
Breathing variability was significantly higher in DIO mice during NREM sleep, but not during REM sleep. Obesity-induced breathing variability could not be entirely attributed to apneas or arousals. Sleep fragmentation was 45% greater in DIO mice. Respiratory arousals comprised 15% of the arousals in both strains. Breathing variability was inversely associated with sleep fragmentation regardless of obesity.

Conclusion
Obesity increased respiratory variability during NREM sleep, which was not fully attributed to apneas and macro-sleep architecture. Obesity caused sleep fragmentation that was not entirely explained by SDB severity. Our quantitative analysis of VE identified differences in breathing variability in obesity that were not captured by traditional SDB metrics, which may be applicable for human SDB.

Support (If Any)
NHLBI NIH R01 HL135483, 2R01 HL133100-05, R01 HL128970, and R01 HL13892; NINDS NIH R01 NS112266; American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation 238-BS-20; American Thoracic Society Unrestricted Award; Johns Hopkins Blaustein Pain Research Grant; American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship Award 828142.