bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global drought dataset of standardized moisture anomaly index incorporating snow dynamics (SZIsnow) and its application in identifying large-scale drought events
Authors: Tian Lei , Zhang Baoqing , Wu Pute 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Drought indices are hard to balance in terms of versatility (effectiveness for multiple types of drought), flexibility of timescales, and
inclusivity (to what extent they include all physical processes). A lack of consistent source data increases the difficulty of quantifying
drought. Here, we present a global monthly drought dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.25∘ from 1948 to 2010 based on a multitype and multiscalar drought index, the standardized moisture anomaly index
incorporating snow dynamics (SZIsnow), driven by systematic fields from an advanced data assimilation system. The proposed
SZIsnow dataset includes different physical water–energy processes, especially snow processes. Our evaluation of the dataset demonstrates
its ability to distinguish different types of drought across different timescales. Our assessment also indicates that the dataset adequately
captures droughts across different spatial scales. The consideration of snow processes improved the capability of SZIsnow, and the
improvement is particularly evident over snow-covered high-latitude (e.g., Arctic region) and high-altitude areas (e.g., Tibetan Plateau). We found
that 59.66 % of Earth's land area exhibited a drying trend between 1948 and 2010, and the remaining 40.34 % exhibited a wetting trend. Our
results also indicate that the SZIsnow dataset can be employed to capture the large-scale drought events that occurred across the
world. Our analysis shows there were 525 drought events with an area larger than 500 000 km2 globally during the study period, of which
68.38 % had a duration longer than 6 months. Therefore, this new drought dataset is well suited to monitoring, assessing, and characterizing
drought and can serve as a valuable resource for future drought studies. The database is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627369
(Wu et al., 2021).
Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude about Intramuscular Injection (LML)
Authors: Attar Wafaa M. A. Al- , Hattab Wafaa Abd Ali , Abdulghan Mohammed Faris 
Published: May 2022

Intramuscular injection, often known as IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle. In medicine, it is one of the ways to introduce medicine into the body. This method is preferred over some other methods such as intradermal or subcutaneous injection because the muscle has a larger size and has many blood vessels, which speeds up the absorption of the drug in it. The study aims to assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes on how to use intramuscular injections. A descriptive study was conducted on nurses working in Baghdad hospitals. The study was carried out from 13 January to 10 of July, 2021. An improbable random sample of 200 male and female nurses working in Baghdad hospitals was selected. Data were collected through the use of a designed electronic questionnaire consisting of three parts: Demographic characteristics of nurses, nurses' knowledge about intramuscular injections, which include 15 items and nurses’ attitudes on the steps for applying intramuscular injection, which include 15 items. An electronic version of the questionnaire was used to collect data from nurses, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for the study were determined.	The results of the study showed that most of the sample was female 65.5%, (40%) within the age group (20-29 years), (39%) of them graduated from the Medical Institute diploma, 40% of the nurses have experience in the hospital (1-3) And (46%) of them do not have training courses on intramuscular injection. From the results of the research, it was concluded that the majority of the study sample that the nurses' knowledge about intramuscular injection was of medium of score. While for the nurses' attitudes on the steps of applying intramuscular injection were highly mean of score.	The researchers recommend providing e-learning programs for nurses and nursing students to develop their knowledge experiences as well as their practical skills through continuous training course in hospitals and nursing laboratories.
Assessment of knowledge attitude practice towards ovarian cancer among women
Authors: Athi Nandhini U , Shanmugarajan T. S. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Ovarian cancer is the 3th most common cancer among women in India and has a high death rate than any other gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis of disease. Knowledge regarding disease and early screening is effective for prevention. Aim: This study is designed to assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice towards ovarian cancer among general women. Methods: A questionnaire based Cross sectional study was conducted among 517 women. Information on their KAP towards ovarian cancer was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. Result: Mean age of the participants was 35.5 + 9.3 years. Although 48.3% of participants reported to have heard of ovarian cancer. 59.6% of the participants did not have adequate knowledge regarding ovarian cancer. Almost 55.5% of the participants have negative attitude towards ovarian cancer. The knowledge score were significantly associated with age, marital status, occupation, education status, marital status. Conclusion: knowledge, attitude and practice related to ovarian cancer were low among the surveyed women. Health education should be implemented to improve level of knowledge among women.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety between sublay and onlay polypropelene mesh repair for incisional hernia of abdominal wall
Authors: Bhanjan Meher , Sasmita Meher , Gujaram Marandi , Dhone Pravin. G. , Neeta Rai , Poonam Taru , Pallavi Dhekale 
Published: May 2022

To compare the efficacy and safety between sublay and onlay polypropylene mesh repair for incisional hernia of abdominal wall. Department of General Surgery from January 2018 to December 2021 in BHIMA BHOI MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WESTERN ODISHA. It is a randomized controlled trial. In this study a total of 144 (72 in each group) patients were observed. The patients were randomly allocated in two groups by random method. Patients in group-A was subjected to onlay polypropylene mesh open repair procedure and patients in group-B was subjected to sublay polypropylene mesh open repair procedure for incisional hernia repair in abdominal wall. Post-operatively all patients were kept under observations for 7-10 days in surgery ward and observed for complications if any. Post-operatively all patients were followed at 20 days, 2nd months, 6th month and 9 months to confirm the efficacy and safety of the procedure. The mean age of patients in Group-A was 30 years± 2.16 and 32 years ± 3.71 in Group-B. In group-A 28 patients were male and 44patients were female where as in group-B 27 patients were male and 45 patients were female.
Comparing Outcomes in Cemented and Press-Fit Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Brand Jordan , Ani Lidia , Rankin Kelsey A. , McLaughlin William M. , Joo Peter Y. , Li Don T. , Riedel Matthew , Leslie Michael 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Arthroplasty has become the standard of care for displaced femoral neck fractures in the geriatric cohort. However, details regarding optimal implant design and fixation strategy continue to be debated. We sought to determine whether cemented or press-fit hemiarthroplasties were more advantageous in terms of revision surgery, contralateral hip fractures, hospital length of stay, mortality rates, and survival.

Methods:
All geriatric fragility hip fractures at a level 1 trauma center (2014 to 2019) were retrospectively reviewed for the fracture pattern, fixation methodology, and outcome, yielding 707 femoral neck fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty (309 cemented and 398 press fit). The final follow-up was either date of death or final encounter. Major end points were revision surgery, contralateral fracture, and death. A Z-score test of two proportions was used for dichotomous variables, and a two-tailed t-test was used for continuous variables. Cox proportional hazard was used for revision surgery–free survival between groups, adjusting for age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists status.

Results:
Patients who underwent press-fit hemiarthroplasty had a significantly higher rate of revision surgery (7.8% vs 3.9%; P = 0.006). Press-fit cases had a trend toward a decreased risk of contralateral fracture (13% vs 9.8%; P = 0.12), although this did not reach significance. Both groups had similar length of stay (P = 0.08) and death rates (P = 0.39). Of those who died, there was a trend toward longer survival in patients who received a press-fit hemiarthroplasty (413 vs 615 days; P < 0.001). There was a trend toward longer survival without repeat surgery in the cemented group without reaching significance (hazard ratio, 0.66 [0.34 to 1.23]; P = 0.201).

Conclusion:
In this study, we found a markedly longer survival time after press-fit hemiarthroplasty, which we believe reflects surgeons' tendencies to cement the femoral prosthesis in patients with more comorbidities. However, press-fit hemiarthroplasties were more likely to result in repeat procedures on the same hip. Displaced geriatric femoral neck fractures may benefit from a cemented rather than press-fit hemiarthroplasty.
Can ‘SOVAC’- a set of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings- detect idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
Authors: Waheed Khawaja bilal , Al Orf Ali , Alzahrani Faisal Mohammad , Aljubair Nawaf Nasser , Sharahili Hussain Hadi , Qamar Adeel , Muthaian Jebasingh 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To determine diagnostic ability of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
Method
This descriptive observational study was conducted in radiology department from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2021, evaluating MR imaging data of all adult patients (n=107) with clinical presentations of headaches. Patients with space occupying lesions, obstructive hydrocephalus and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were excluded. Presence of all three brain MRI findings of (i) an empty sella (with or without sellar enlargement), (ii) tortuosity of optic nerves (with or without perioptic CSF prominence) and (iii) non-dilated (or slit-like) ventricles was considered positive for IIH. Imaging was reviewed by two neuroradiologists and consensus reporting was made. Findings of IIH were confirmed by presence of high lumbar opening cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure or symptomatic response towards specific medical treatment. Outcomes of brain MRIs were presented on a 2x2 contingency table.
Results
Sensitivity, and specificity of routine brain MRI findings in detection of IIH were calculated as 76.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 64.62-85.91%], and 84.6% (95% CI, 69.47-94.14%) respectively.
Conclusion:
IIH is a known cause of headache. Detection of all three findings of empty sella, tortuosity of optic nerves and non-dilated ventricles on routine brain MRI can predict IIH with greater sensitivity and specificity.
Interbestuurlijke verhoudingen in de bed-bad-broodcasus
Authors: Bakker Niek 
Published: May 2022

Governing relationships between government and municipalities during the shelter crisis of 2015
This article describes the relationship between central government and municipalities and to what extent this relationship has an impact on local decision-making. The commonly used characterization of this relationship as a principal-agent relationship offers many leads but has some shortcomings. That is why this is compared with the stewardship theory, assuming a more equal and constructive cooperation. Both theories have been incorporated into a broader model on management styles, which creates a more nuanced description of the cooperation in public administration. The article focuses on the case of Rotterdam in 2015, at a time of political turmoil in the Netherlands about the shelter of people without residence permit. The analysis is carried out using a measuring instrument for policy freedom, as policy freedom is a good determinant for which management style is used. The research is conducted from a local perspective, with emphasis on the position of councilors. The national government sometimes profiles itself as a principal to them, but in practice council members resist and turn the relationship around, hereby holding the government accountable for its role and responsibility.
Onafhankelijkheid
Authors: Huls E. (Eva) , Trotman T. (Tamara) 
Published: May 2022

Onafhankelijkheid
Onafhankelijkheid: een thema dat zowel nationaal als internationaal de gemoederen bezig weet te houden. Hoogste tijd voor een speciaal nummer over dit onderwerp, waarbij in de verschillende bijdragen is geprobeerd het concept onafhankelijkheid vanuit uiteenlopende invalshoeken (OM, ZM en balie) te belichten.
De onafhankelijkheid van de strafrechter
Authors: de Doelder H. (Hans) 
Published: May 2022

De onafhankelijkheid van de strafrechter
In 2014 schreef prof. mr. Doelder in zijn afscheidsrede over de onafhankelijkheid van de strafrechter. Nu, acht jaar later, reflecteert hij in dit nummer nogmaals op die onafhankelijkheid vanuit zowel nationaal als Europees perspectief. Hij ziet ruimte voor verbetering.
Het OM uit positie? De institutionele positionering van het Openbaar Ministerie ter discussie
Authors: Crijns J.H. (Jan) , Lestrade S.M.A. (Sjarai) , Ouwerkerk J.W. (Jannemieke) , Pitcher K.M. (Kelly) 
Published: May 2022

Het OM uit positie? De institutionele positionering van het Openbaar Ministerie ter discussie
In dit artikel wordt in kaart gebracht op welke taakgebieden zich de laatste jaren ontwikkelingen hebben voorgedaan die raken aan de positionering van het OM of in ieder geval aanleiding hebben gegeven die positionering ter discussie te stellen, om vervolgens de vraag op te werpen wat deze ontwikkelingen en discussies zeggen over de (hybride) positionering van het OM en of deze ertoe nopen deze positionering te heroverwegen.
Drama(turgie) van een onafhankelijke rechtspraak
Authors: van der Spek J.H. (Jaap) 
Published: May 2022

Drama(turgie) van een onafhankelijke rechtspraak
Een rechtszaak is voor minderjarigen een drama: ze zijn er hoofdrolspeler en figurant tegelijkertijd. De onafhankelijkheid van de rechtspraak, opgevat als dramaturgische gebeurtenis, draagt hieraan bij. De rekwisieten van een onafhankelijke rechtspraak (toga, taalgebruik en rapporten) hebben ook een morele boodschap: de staat neemt een verticale machtsverhouding in ten opzichte van de dader. Als het strafrecht meer horizontale relaties wil aangaan door inzet van het herstelrecht, heeft het nieuwe rekwisieten nodig. Bijvoorbeeld door de rechtszaak aan een tafel te doen.
Geef elke kwetsbare verdachte een advocaat bij het politieverhoor
Authors: Kramer J.R. (Jaantje) 
Published: May 2022

Geef elke kwetsbare verdachte een advocaat bij het politieverhoor. Het recht op rechtsbijstand vanuit het perspectief van de kwetsbare verdachte
Voor de kwetsbare aangehouden verdachte wordt van overheidswege een advocaat opgeroepen. Die verdachte kan pas afstand doen van het recht op rechtsbijstand na een advocaat te hebben gesproken. Dat is anders voor de kwetsbare niet-aangehouden verdachte. Die verdachte is zelf verantwoordelijk voor het regelen en betalen van rechtsbijstand, en kan daarvan afstand doen zonder door een advocaat over de gevolgen te zijn ingelicht. Deze bijdrage analyseert dit verschil in rechtsbescherming en de gevolgen daarvan, en geeft aanbevelingen voor de praktijk.
Flow Velocity Gradient of Refined Hydrocarbon and Viscous Fluid in A Single Stage Symmetrical Bifurcated Channel
Authors: Egbo A. Chijioke  , Ahmed M. Hassan  , Opuene D. Ogisobo  , Nama K. Faket  , Onoja I. Valens  , Oluomachukwu P. Onwe  
Published: May 2022

A single stage bifurcated system in its wide spectrum of applications in the petroleum and gas processing industry, chemical industry and civil engineering industry, in the distribution and recovery of processed and unprocessed fluid and materials. Considered in this experimental investigation of the impact of a single stage symmetrical bifurcated system on the flow of viscous fluid and refined hydrocarbon to truly establish a relationship between specific dimensions of symmetrical bifurcated flow channels and the physical properties of various classes of fluid samples. Peanut oil and diesel were selected to respectively represent viscous fluid and refined hydrocarbon, as they are allowed to flow through some selected angles of a single stage symmetrical bifurcated channel until designated volumes of each of the fluid samples are recovered into a recovery beaker. Profile of results presented from the experimental study reveals a trend with a sharp negative velocity gradient for small flow time corresponding to smaller
recovery volume and a much lower velocity gradient for relatively higher flow time for higher recovery volume for less viscous and dense diesel oil representing refined hydrocarbon and a more viscous and dense peanut oil represented by the trend with a lower negative velocity gradient. The implication of the results obtained is that bifurcated systems offer flow stability in a continuous flow situation, and also observed from the results is the confirmation of the existence of velocity gradient between opposite wall of the branched channels, which further reveals where the flow state will eventually begin to graduate into turbulence. The study can be extended by investigating the impact of two-stage or multiple level bifurcated network system on flow structure and stability, and how the pressure based on the level of fluid in the reservoir is related to the flow velocity and stability.
Democracy Avoidance in Tax Lawmaking
Authors: Wallace Clinton 
Published: May 2022

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was the most significant tax law in more than three decades, but the strategy for getting it enacted included a variety of maneuvers to avoid public scrutiny. As a result, many taxpayers did not know how they would be affected until they filed their own tax returns more than a year later. This Article identifies this lack of transparency as part of a persistent pathology of avoiding and constraining democratic inputs and responsiveness in U.S. federal tax lawmaking. Indeed, some scholars and policymakers have sought to channel tax lawmaking away from democratically grounded decisions and towards prescribed outcomes, justifying these moves with strands of public choice theory that are expressly critical of democratic decision making. I critique this democracy avoidance approach to tax lawmaking, and make the case that tax law should be a product of mechanisms that provide greater transparency, accountability and responsiveness to advance democratic legitimacy.
I propose four reforms to tax lawmaking in the U.S. Congress to make resulting tax laws more democratically legitimate. One proposal is to require Congress to consider (and publicize) precisely how a proposed change in tax law is expected to affect different typical taxpayers, including taxpayers from each congressional district. This would allow actual taxpayers observing the lawmaking process to anticipate their treatment under a proposed law and in turn demand greater responsiveness to their real interests from their representatives. Other proposals build on this approach, calling for transparency as to the reasons why legislators support particular provisions and a radical—but, I argue, entirely achievable—reworking of the types of analysis produced in the federal tax legislative process for consumption by non-experts.
A METRÓPOLE FORTALEZA-CE TURISTIFICADA
Authors: Dias Débora Ferreira Freire , Coriolano Luzia Neide Menezes Teixeira 
Published: May 2022

Fortaleza, metrópole brasileira, inserida no contexto da globalização, mundialização e reestruturação do capital se moderniza via processo de implementação de atividades turísticas tornando a cidade turistificada, espetacularizada e espraiada na zona litorânea, espaço do turismo do Ceará. O texto objetiva compreender os processos de turistificação e espraiamento das atividades turísticas nos municípios do litoral cearense. Respalda-se na revisão de literatura que fundamenta o exercício de teorização do empírico. Adota-se método dialético de visão crítica, evita dicotomias, faz ver as relações na apreensão do objeto, entendido como totalidade. Constata-se que o turismo se espraia da metrópole para o litoral cearense ocasionando arranjos espaciais e negócios turísticos apropriando-se do espaço e de recursos econômicos.
“Existem artistas na periferia , professora?!": interseccionalidade e lugar de fala como elementos mobilizadores de práticas artísticas vivenciadas a partir do estudo de jovens artistas pernambucanas
Authors: Mendonça Ana Flavia da Fonte Netto de , Vidal Fabiana Souto Lima 
Published: May 2022

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compartilhar a experiência de estágio de regência em Artes Visuais vivenciada em um grupo de 1º ano do Ensino Médio, no componente curricular Artes Visuais, no Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, tendo como recorte o estudo de mulheres artistas. O processo de criação de jovens mulheres do cenário artístico pernambucano, especialmente os trabalhos de Rayellen Alves e de Priscilla Melo, atrelado ao estudo dos conceitos de “Interseccionalidade” e “Lugar de fala”, dentro de uma perspectiva pedagógica decolonial e antirracista, nortearam o planejamento do semestre, que teve como ponto de partida a pergunta disparada por um aluno em sala de aula: “existem artistas na periferia, professora?!”, também mobilizadora do título do presente artigo. Através da fotocolagem digital, os(as) estudantes puderam articular as discussões vivenciadas às suas expressões e práticas artísticas.
“Não há que duvidar, pois a Igreja o determina”: estratégias eclesiásticas da política monárquica (Portugal, séc. XV)
Authors: Filomena Coelho Maria 
Published: May 2022

O artigo analisa alguns discursos e ações da monarquia portuguesa, no século XV, que permitem refletir sobre as estratégias de legitimação eclesiástica em que se assentam. As situações e opiniões apresentadas poderiam facilmente ser identificadas como “mais uma” evidência inquestionável da luta entre o poder temporal e o poder espiritual, que boa parte da historiografia defende ter se acirrado na baixa Idade Média. Sem discordar de que haja efetivamente uma profusão de discursos que promovam ora o poder monárquico, ora o poder da igreja, os aspectos destacados neste artigo pretendem chamar a atenção para a possibilidade de se pensar em uma interpretação que não reduza o problema à lógica da dicotomia. Os monarcas que dão vida aos exemplos analisados, por meio de estratégias eclesiásticas, agem e falam em nome da igreja, com o intuito de fortalecê-la e de, ao mesmo tempo, se fortalecerem.