bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review and direct evidence of transgressive aeolian sand sheet and dunefield initiation
Authors: Hesp Patrick A. , DaSilva Marcio , Miot da Silva Graziela , Bruce David , Keane Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe multiple hypotheses which exist to explain the initiation of transgressive aeolian sand sheets and dunefields, are reviewed and discussed. Direct evidence supporting many of these hypotheses is largely lacking. In South Australia, the Younghusband Peninsula coastal barrier extends ~180 km and predominantly comprises transgressive and parabolic dunefields. The 42 Mile Crossing area on the barrier is undergoing significant erosion at variable rates of 0.5 to 5.0 m/yr, and a new transgressive aeolian sand sheet has rapidly developed in ~1 year and is extending landwards at an average rate of 13 m/yr. This research provides unequivocal evidence that large‐scale shoreline and dunefield erosion does lead to the development of a new transgressive aeolian sand sheet (and eventual dunefield) phase thereby demonstrating an initiation mechanism that is likely linked to future sea level rise and climate change. We also show that the initiation process, and, in particular, the subsequent rate of sand sheet transgression occurs at an incredibly rapid rate (+100 m in 8 years).Plain Language SummaryCoastal sand dunes border many of the world's coastlines and are highly adapted to local climate and conditions. How coastal dunes transition from predominantly vegetated and stable systems to wind‐blown sand sheets and dunefields transgressing prior terrain is a research area of pressing relevance due to forecasts of sea level rise and climate change. The factors or triggers that are considered to initiate transgressive aeolian sand sheets and dunefields are reviewed. The formation and evolution of a new transgressive aeolian sand sheet phase triggered by large‐scale shoreline erosion in South Australia is presented. According to the results from historical and satellite images, local shoreline erosion began in the late 1970s and has continued at highly variable rates. We show that once the foredune was removed, the high scarp created by wave erosion of the relict, vegetated transgressive dunefield destabilized and was then eroded by wind processes leading to the rapid development of a transgressive aeolian sand sheet. The initiation and evolution of the sand sheet provides an excellent example of how dunefields might respond to future sea level rise and climate change.
Determinants and dynamics of blowouts in Hulun Buir sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China from 1959 to 2018
Authors: Guan Chao , Hasi Eerdun , Yang Yi , Sun Yu , Du Huishi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe formation and development of blowouts is an important surface indication of sand drift activity in the Hulun Buir sandy grassland and the main cause of landscape pattern heterogeneity. In this study, dynamic changes and determinants of blowouts in this region were studied via analysis of multi‐period high‐resolution remote sensing data from 1959 to 2018. The different stages of activity and dominant factors of the fixation and activation of blowouts were analysed with Lancaster's M‐index. The results show that the activity of blowouts in Hulun Buir sandy grassland can be divided into three stages from 1959 to 2018: (I) growth and expansion stage, from 1959 to 2004; (II) fixation and grassland recovery stage, from 2005 to 2010; (III) redevelopment stage, from 2011 to 2018. The two geomorphic units of depressions and depositional lobes exhibit different responses to changes in climatic factors. The depositional lobes are more sensitive to the change in external factors with better feedback and their areas and numbers change with the variation of stage, while depressions exhibit relatively slow changes. The wind regime is the dominant factor explaining the variation of activity of blowouts, with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration as secondary factors for this region. Roads have little effect on the development and deformation of blowouts, but the movement of cattle and sheep across the region has a big influence. Therefore, the desertification process of Hulun Buir grassland is driven by both natural and human factors.
Review on energy storage in lead‐free ferroelectric films
Authors: Puli Venkata Sreenivas , Jayakrishnan AR , Pradhan Dhiren Kumar , Madgula Kalpana , Babu S. Narendra , Chrisey Douglas B. , Katiyar Ram S. , Reed Amber , McConney Michael , Back Tyson , Van Ginhoven Renee M. , Heidger Susan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapidly developing electronics industry is striving for higher energy‐storage capability dielectric capacitors for pulsed power electronic devices. Both high dielectric permittivity and high dielectric breakdown strength are essential properties to meet the desired device performance. However, due to materials limitations and their preparation requirements, there are significant challenges which limit the use of current dielectrics in high‐energy storage capacitors. In addition material limitations such as, low dielectric permittivity, low breakdown strength, and high hysteresis loss decrease these materials' energy density and efficiency, restricting potential applications. Thus, a thorough understanding of the implementation, optimization and limitations of ferroelectric, relaxor‐ferroelectric, and anti‐ferroelectric thin films in high‐energy storage dielectric capacitors is an essential and important research topic for the incorporation of these materials in near future applications.
An efficient two‐factor authentication protocol based on elliptic curve cryptosystem with provable security
Authors: Chen Yulei , Chen Jianhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the gradual penetration of computers and communication networks into people's lives, more and more people begin to pay attention to the information security. Key agreement protocol provides identity authentication for participants in communication system and generates a temporary session key for participants to encrypt messages. Recently, Wang et al designed an authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol based elliptic curve cryptosystem and proved that their scheme can resist various known attacks. In this article, we analyze the security of their scheme and demonstrate that it is vulnerable to the temporary factor leakage attacks and insider attacks. Then, based on the elliptic curve public key cryptographic algorithm, we design a secure anonymous two‐factor user AKA protocol. And we use the well‐known random oracle model (ROM) and traditional heuristic discussion to prove the security of the proposed protocol. By comparing with several existing protocols based on public key cryptography algorithm, it is found that this protocol is more secure and efficient. The security analysis shows that the protocol designed in this article can meet all kinds of security requirements and consumes the less computing resources on users and servers, and is especially suitable for the scenarios with high security and efficiency requirements.
Non‐orthogonal multiple access in backscatter communication system under the scene of the moving reader
Authors: Li Shibao , Li Quanyu , Liu Jianhang , Cui Xuerong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article studies non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) backscatter communication (BackCom) system under the scene of the moving reader. As the reader moves, the communication link between backscatter nodes (BNs) and the reader is dynamic, and the computational complexity of regrouping is high. To address these problems, a dynamic NOMA‐BackCom scheme is proposed, which consists of a dynamic multiplexing BNs scheme and a dynamic scheme of choosing the reflection coefficient. Moreover, a performance evaluation is conducted to compare the decoding rate of the proposed scheme and the traditional scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has higher decoding rate and better throughput than the traditional scheme.
Does clean energy matter? Revisiting the spillovers between energy and foreign exchange markets
Authors: Liu Yang , Qiao Tongshuai , Han Liyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the increasingly important role of clean energy metals in return and volatility spillovers across energy and foreign exchange markets. During the collapse of oil prices from 2014 to 2016, crude oil futures were at the center of the risk contagion; however, since the COVID‐19 pandemic broke out, the spillovers of clean energy metal futures have become one of the main sources of the risk contagion. Additionally, crude oil and the US dollar are the most important contributors to the spillovers, but further spillovers are emerging between the Chinese yuan, euro, and Japanese yen with clean energy metals.
Rift‐related multistage evolution of the Mangalwar Complex, Aravalli Craton (NW India): Evidence from elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic features of Proterozoic amphibolites
Authors: Hamidullah Ismail S. , Mondal Md. Erfan Ali , Ahmad Iftikhar , Dash Jitendra K. , Rahaman Waliur 
Published: May 2022

The Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC) of the Aravalli Craton (India) comprises Archean BGC‐I (3.3–2.5 Ga) and Proterozoic BGC‐II. The BGC‐II is a mosaic of amphibolite facies namely, (a) Mangalwar Gneissic Complex (MGC), (b) Mangalwar Metasedimentary Complex (MMC), and (c) granulite‐facies Sandmata Metamorphic Complex. Here we present field, petrography and geochemical study of the Proterozoic amphibolites from the MGC and MMC. Based on field and geochemical data, the amphibolites have been characterized into three types related to rift settings (G1, G2 and G3). The G1 type occurs as dykes in the MGC and bears ocean island basalt‐type rare earth element (REE) patterns along with negative Nb and Ti anomalies, negative to positive values of εNd(t) (−0.02 to +3.96) and slightly variable initial 87Sr/86Sr (ISr) ratios. They are derived from deep mantle sources and correspond to the pre‐rift magmatic phase. The G2 type occurs as isolated patches associated with chert and is characterized by light REE (LREE) depleted and almost flat heavy REE (HREE) patterns suggesting that they were emplaced in an oceanic setting and were derived from a shallower mantle bearing positive εNd(t) (+2.87 to +6.27) and ISr = 0.7002–0.7083. This phase corresponds to the opening of the Mangalwar sedimentary basin (MMC). The G3 type occurs intercalated with metasedimentary rocks of the MMC and marked by LREE‐enriched and HREE‐depleted to flat patterns that resemble Upper Continental Crust signature, their εNd(t) mostly negative values and variable ISr also corroborate this explanation. They are believed to be derived from heterogeneous sources and represent syn‐sedimentary volcanic phases. All these signatures indicate that the amphibolites distinctly represent three phases of magmatism that occurred during pre‐rift (1.72 Ga), opening of basin (1.62 Ga) and syn‐sedimentary volcanism (1.6–1.3 Ga) in the rift‐basin and they were formed during the Proterozoic. These rifting events might have been connected with the fragmentation of Columbia.
Liver injury after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination: Features of immune‐mediated hepatitis, role of corticosteroid therapy and outcome
Authors: Efe Cumali , Kulkarni Anand V. , Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta , Magro Bianca , Stättermayer Albert , Cengiz Mustafa , Clayton‐Chubb Daniel , Lammert Craig , Bernsmeier Christine , Gül Özlem , la Tijera Fatima Higuera‐de , Anders Margarita , Lytvyak Ellina , Akın Mete , Purnak Tugrul , Liberal Rodrigo , Peralta Mirta , Ebik Berat , Duman Serkan , Demir Nurhan , Balaban Yasemin , Urzua Álvaro , Contreras Fernando , Venturelli Maria Grazia , Bilgiç Yılmaz , Medina Adriana , Girala Marcos , Günşar Fulya , Londoño Maria‐Carlota , Androutsakos Theodoros , Kisch Ayelen , Yurci Alper , Güzelbulut Fatih , Çağın Yasir Furkan , Avcı Enver , Akyıldız Murat , Dindar‐Demiray Emine Kübra , Harputluoğlu Murat , Kumar Rahul , Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Mendizabal Manuel , Silva Marcelo , Fagiuoli Stefano , Roberts Stuart K. , Soylu Neşe Karadağ , Idilman Ramazan , Yoshida Eric M. , Montano‐Loza Aldo J. , Dalekos George N. , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Schiano Thomas D. , Wahlin Staffan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
A few case reports of autoimmune hepatitis–like liver injury have been reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination. We evaluated clinical features, treatment response and outcomes of liver injury following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in a large case series.

Approach and Results
We collected data from cases in 18 countries. The type of liver injury was assessed with the R‐value. The study population was categorized according to features of immune‐mediated hepatitis (positive autoantibodies and elevated immunoglobulin G levels) and corticosteroid therapy for the liver injury. We identified 87 patients (63%, female), median age 48 (range: 18–79) years at presentation. Liver injury was diagnosed a median 15 (range: 3–65) days after vaccination. Fifty‐one cases (59%) were attributed to the Pfizer‐BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine, 20 (23%) cases to the Oxford‐AstraZeneca (ChAdOX1 nCoV‐19) vaccine and 16 (18%) cases to the Moderna (mRNA‐1273) vaccine. The liver injury was predominantly hepatocellular (84%) and 57% of patients showed features of immune‐mediated hepatitis. Corticosteroids were given to 46 (53%) patients, more often for grade 3–4 liver injury than for grade 1–2 liver injury (88.9% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.001) and more often for patients with than without immune‐mediated hepatitis (71.1% vs. 38.2%, p = 0.003). All patients showed resolution of liver injury except for one man (1.1%) who developed liver failure and underwent liver transplantation. Steroid therapy was withdrawn during the observation period in 12 (26%) patients after complete biochemical resolution. None had a relapse during follow‐up.

Conclusions
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination can be associated with liver injury. Corticosteroid therapy may be beneficial in those with immune‐mediated features or severe hepatitis. Outcome was generally favorable, but vaccine‐associated liver injury led to fulminant liver failure in one patient.
Development and thermal performance evaluation of solar parabolic dish based on fiber‐reinforced plastic
Authors: Kumar Vikrant , Yadav Avadhesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper illustrates the design and fabrication of a 76° rim angle solar parabolic dish concentrator with low cost based on fiberglass‐reinforced for heating of heat transfer fluid using the hand layup process. Numerous advantages of fiberglass material include corrosion resistance, lightweight, design flexibility, quick installation time, and low cost makes it suitable for fabrication. The concave surface on which the reflective sheets are mounted is made to a high degree of perfection. The design process, as well as the complete fabrication process, are elaborately discussed in this article. The thermal efficiency of the newly constructed fiberglass‐reinforced solar parabolic dish concentrator was assessed by heating the heat transfer fluid in the conical cavity receiver, which was cycled from the sump via a gear pump and flexible stainless steel connecting pipes. The maximum value of heat transfer fluid temperature achieved was 194°C at the sump. The average thermal efficiency achieved for indoor heating at the sump was 17.42%, 17.16%, and 17.21%, respectively, during Experiments 1, 2, and 3. The results indicate that this system is acceptable for indoor cooking in the kitchen, as the system achieves temperatures between 150°C and 194°C.
The importance of continental evaporation for precipitation in Colombia: A baseline combining observations from stable isotopes and modelling moisture trajectories
Authors: Escobar Maritza , Hoyos Isabel , Nieto Raquel , Villegas Juan Camilo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hydroclimatology of Northern South America responds to the coupling between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the Amazon–Andes interactions, and the orographic barrier of the regional Andes. The relative contributions of oceanic and terrestrial moisture sources have been mostly evaluated in modelling studies, with limited observational data for validation. We combine observations from stable isotopes in precipitation and output from the Lagrangian moisture trajectory tracking model FLEXPART to characterize and contrast the relative contribution of oceanic (from the Atlantic and the Pacific) and terrestrial (from different regions in the continent) moisture sources to mean monthly precipitation in the Andes and Caribbean regions of Colombia. Our results indicate that most moisture becoming rain in the region has an atmospheric residence time that deviates from commonly assumed 10 days. These residence times vary between source and sink regions from 1 day in the case of recycling to more than 10 days in Andean precipitation originating in the Atlantic Ocean. Common integration times for both regions from all sources are commonly in the order of three to 7 days. Most precipitation in the region comes from terrestrial sources including moisture recycling from the same region (>30% for all months), the Orinoco River basin (up to 28% in April), and the northern Amazon basin (up to 17% in June, July, and August); followed by individually considered oceanic sources including the Tropical South Pacific (up to 30% monthly in October, November and December) and Tropical North Atlantic (up to 30% monthly for January). The fact that a significant proportion of rainfall is recycled highlights that water availability in the Andean and Caribbean regions of Colombia could potentially be altered by current widespread and pervasive changes in vegetation cover. More generally, our results highlight the need to assess the hydrological consequences of land cover change in South America, particularly in a country like Colombia where water, food, and energy security all depend directly on precipitation.
Recurrent conditional heteroskedasticity
Authors: Nguyen Trong‐Nghia , Tran Minh‐Ngoc , Kohn Robert 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWe propose a new class of financial volatility models, called the REcurrent Conditional Heteroskedastic (RECH) models, to improve both in‐sample analysis and out‐of‐sample forecasting of the traditional conditional heteroskedastic models. In particular, we incorporate auxiliary deterministic processes, governed by recurrent neural networks, into the conditional variance of the traditional conditional heteroskedastic models, for example, GARCH‐type models, to flexibly capture the dynamics of the underlying volatility. RECH models can detect interesting effects in financial volatility overlooked by the existing conditional heteroskedastic models such as the GARCH, GJR, and EGARCH. The new models often have good out‐of‐sample forecasts while still explaining well the stylized facts of financial volatility by retaining the well‐established features of econometric GARCH‐type models. These properties are illustrated through simulation studies and applications to 31 stock indices and exchange rate data. An user‐friendly software package, together with the examples reported in the paper, is available athttps://github.com/vbayeslab.
How is machine learning useful for macroeconomic forecasting?
Authors: Goulet Coulombe Philippe , Leroux Maxime , Stevanovic Dalibor , Surprenant Stéphane 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWe move beyondIs Machine Learning Useful for Macroeconomic Forecasting?by adding thehow. The current forecasting literature has focused on matching specific variables and horizons with a particularly successful algorithm. To the contrary, we study the usefulness of the underlying features driving ML gains over standard macroeconometric methods. We distinguish four so‐called features (nonlinearities, regularization, cross‐validation, and alternative loss function) and study their behavior in both the data‐rich and data‐poor environments. To do so, we design experiments that allow to identify the “treatment” effects of interest. We conclude that(i)nonlinearity is the true game changer for macroeconomic prediction,(ii)the standard factor model remains the best regularization,(iii)K‐fold cross‐validation is the best practice, and(iv)the is preferred to the ‐insensitive in‐sample loss. The forecasting gains of nonlinear techniques are associated with high macroeconomic uncertainty, financial stress and housing bubble bursts. Furthermore, ML nonlinearities are helpful when considering density forecasts.
Accelerating the 3D reference interaction site model theory of molecular solvation with treecode summation and cut‐offs
Authors: Wilson Leighton , Krasny Robert , Luchko Tyler 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 3D reference interaction site model (3D‐RISM) of molecular solvation is a powerful tool for computing the equilibrium thermodynamics and density distributions of solvents, such as water and co‐ions, around solute molecules. However, 3D‐RISM solutions can be expensive to calculate, especially for proteins and other large molecules where calculating the potential energy between solute and solvent requires more than half the computation time. To address this problem, we have developed and implemented treecode summation for long‐range interactions and analytically corrected cut‐offs for short‐range interactions to accelerate the potential energy and long‐range asymptotics calculations in non‐periodic 3D‐RISM in the AmberTools molecular modeling suite. For the largest single protein considered in this work, tubulin, the total computation time was reduced by a factor of 4. In addition, parallel calculations with these new methods scale almost linearly and the iterative solver remains the largest impediment to parallel scaling. To demonstrate the utility of our approach for large systems, we used 3D‐RISM to calculate the solvation thermodynamics and density distribution of 7‐ring microtubule, consisting of 910 tubulin dimers, over 1.2 million atoms.
Cerium(III) triflate–catalyzed cycloaddition reaction in aqueous conditions to substituted naphthotriazolediones
Authors: Li Ya‐Syuan , Liang Chien‐Fu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the cerium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate–catalyzed cycloaddition of 1,4‐naphthoquinone with functionalized azides in aqueous solutions was used to synthesize naphtho[2,3‐d][1,2,3]triazole‐4,9‐dione derivatives. Moreover, our method boasts scalability and completes the synthesis of two key biological compounds. Our method's advantages are environmentally friendly reaction conditions, easy applicability in large‐scale operations, broad structurally diverse products produced in high yields, and the recyclability of catalysts.
Early childhood learning patterns for a home visiting program in rural China
Authors: Zhou Jin , Heckman James , Wang Fuyao , Liu Bei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper uses novel experimental data from a prototypical early childhood home visiting program in China with high‐frequency measurements to investigate the growth of multiple skills. After identifying the presence of child skill development on multiple skills during the intervention, we further study the features of child learning patterns. We find that individual heterogeneity and previous task performance (state dependence) are key properties of the child's task performance during the intervention, consistent with models of reinforcement learning.