ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, NANO SILVER AND CHLORHEXIDINE AGAINST MONO-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF SELECTED MICROORGANISMS OF ORAL SOURCES
Authors: Alsamhari Mohammed Mohammed Ali , AlKhawlani Mohammed Mohammed Lutf , Al-Kholani Abdulwahab Ismail Mohamed , Al-Najhi Mohammed Mohammed Ali , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Sharani Amani Abdulhakeem , Al-dossary Omar Ahmed Ismael , AL-Haddad Khaled A , Al-labani Mohammed A 
Published: March 2022

Background: Among the measures involved in the control of endodontic infection, irrigation is an important factor in the elimination of microorganisms present in the open root canal. It is known that mechanical debridement alone does not result in a complete or permanent reduction of bacteria, therefore antimicrobial agents are used as an aid to mechanical cleaning to completely kill or reduce the number of microorganisms.
Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of 2.5%, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2.0% chlorhexidine liquid and as the first new study of 60 mg/L silver nanoparticles as an endodontic-irrigating substances against single-species biofilms.
Methods: Biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans oral sources were produced on a cellulose nitrate membrane placed on agar medium. Membrane filters were transferred to tubes containing 2 mL of fresh broth medium plus neutralizers. Microorganisms were suspended using a vortex, and the inoculum was serially diluted 10-fold. Aliquots of the dilutions were placed on 5% blood agar medium and incubated under appropriate gaseous conditions. Colony forming units were calculated.
Results: The antimicrobial agents in liquid presentation, especially 5.25% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine, and 2% nano-silver liquid killed the tested microorganisms more rapidly with mean rank equal to 1.4, 1.9, and 1.6, respectively. Saline did not inhibit the growth of any of the tested microorganisms, as it was statistically (p < 0.05) different for NaOCl, Nano-silver and chlorhexidine.
Conclusions: Preferring agents in liquid supply to get rid of biofilm microorganisms, especially 5.25% NaOCl and 60mg/L nanosilver liquid.

Peer Review History:
Received: 9 January 2022; Revised: 11 February; Accepted: 9 March, Available online: 15 March 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
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Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, rawah67@hotmail.com
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com
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