bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can f(R) gravity isotropise a pre-bounce contracting universe?
Authors: Arora Simran , Mandal Sanjay , Chakraborty Saikat , Leon Genly , Sahoo P.K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We address the important issue of isotropisation of a pre-bounce contracting phase in f(R) gravity, which would be relevant to constructing any viable nonsingular bouncing scenario in f(R) gravity. The main motivation behind this work is to investigate whether the f(R) gravity, by itself, can isotropise a contracting universe starting initially with small anisotropy without incorporating a super-stiff or non-ideal fluid, impossible in general relativity. Considering Bianchi I cosmology and employing a dynamical system analysis, we see that this is not possible for R
n (n > 1) and R + αR
2 (α > 0) theory, but possible for 1/α
eαR
(α > 0) theory. On the other hand, if one does not specify an f(R) theory a priori but demands a cosmology smoothly connecting an ekpyrotic contraction phase to a nonsingular bounce, the ekpyrotic phase may not fulfil the condition for isotropisation and physically viability simultaneously.
Shadows and gravitational weak lensing by the Schwarzschild black hole in the string cloud background with quintessential field*
Authors: Mustafa G. , Atamurotov Farruh , Hussain Ibrar , Shaymatov Sanjar , Övgün Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we observe that, in the presence of the string cloud parameter a and the quintessence parameter γ, with the equation of state parameter

, the radius of the shadow of the Schwarzschild black hole increases as compared with that in the pure Schwarzschild black hole case. The existence of both quintessential dark energy and the cloud of strings increases the shadow size; hence, the strength of the gravitational field around the Schwarzschild black hole increases. Using the data collected by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration for M87* and Sgr A*, we obtain upper bounds on the values of a and γ. Further, we see the effects of a and γ on the rate of emission energy for the Schwarzschild black hole. We notice that the rate of emission energy is higher in the presence of clouds of strings and quintessence. Moreover, we study the weak deflection angle using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. We show the influence of a and γ on the weak deflection angle. We notice that both a and γ increase the deflection angle α.
Bio-inspired materials to control and minimise insect attachment
Authors: Bergmann Johannes B , Moatsou Dafni , Steiner Ullrich , Wilts Bodo D 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMore than three quarters of all animal species on Earth are insects, successfully inhabiting most ecosystems on the planet. Due to their opulence, insects provide the backbone of many biological processes, but also inflict adverse impacts on agricultural and stored products, buildings and human health. To countermeasure insect pests, the interactions of these animals with their surroundings have to be fully understood. This review focuses on the various forms of insect attachment, natural surfaces that have evolved to counter insect adhesion, and particularly features recently developed synthetic bio-inspired solutions. These bio-inspired solutions often enhance the variety of applicable mechanisms observed in nature and open paths for improved technological solutions that are needed in a changing global society.
Facile fabrication of Bi-layered perfusable hydrogel tubes as biomimetic 3D arterial construct
Authors: Manigandan Amrutha , Dhandapani Ramya , Bagewadi Shambhavi , Sethu Palaniappan , Sethuraman Swaminathan , Subramanian Anuradha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Small-diameter arterial conduits with native physiological and biological equivalence continues to be a constant global demand posing critical challenges in fabrication. Advent of various strategies towards mimicking the structural hierarchy of a native blood vessel, often involve complex instrumentation and template-assistance with post-processing complications eventually compromising structural fidelity. In the present research, we report a template-free, facile strategy- ‘3D wet writing’ by peripheral-core differential ionic gelation to fabricate perfusable customizable constructs of any dimension, thickness and length in <5 mins. Dual-crosslinking using di-diol complexation of borax with Alginate- poly (vinyl alcohol) was performed to enhance the stability of fabricated bi-layered tubular constructs (BLT). These fabricated BLTs demonstrated non-linear mechanical characteristics of native blood vessels in withstanding physiological (120/80 mmHg) hemodynamic loading conditions with cyclic strain (5.82 ± 0.88%). The BLTs also ensured adequate longitudinal (0.176 ± 0.03 MPa) & circumferential (0.29 ± 0.012 MPa) tensile strength and burst pressure strength of 353.875 ± 22.69 mmHg. Hemocompatible characteristics of BLT were clearly evident with lower hemolytic index (0.21 ± 0.03%) and maintenance of erythrocyte structural integrity under dynamic conditions. Further, non-thrombogenic and non-inflammatory characteristics of BLTs were confirmed by in-activated platelets and monocytes under dynamic conditions. The developed wet-writing technique exhibited facile integration of layer-specific cells concurrently with the BLT fabrication. The spatial cell-specific expressions of smooth muscle (α-SMA) and endothelial (CD-31) cells in BLT were comparable to native hierarchical cellular organization with the multi-layered medial and mono-layered intimal layers. Further, ex-vivo dynamic studies on anastomotic interface between BLT and rat abdominal aorta clearly evidenced the functional efficacy of fabricated BLTs as physiologically relevant small-diameter vascular construct.
Vertical pattern of organic matter decomposability in cryoturbated permafrost-affected soils
Authors: Beer Christian , Knoblauch Christian , Hoyt Alison M , Hugelius Gustaf , Palmtag Juri , Mueller Carsten W , Trumbore Susan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Permafrost thaw will release additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere resulting in a positive feedback to climate change. However, the mineralization dynamics of organic matter (OM) stored in permafrost-affected soils remain unclear. We used physical soil fractionation, radiocarbon measurements, incubation experiments, and a dynamic decomposition model to identify distinct vertical pattern in OM decomposability. The observed differences reflect the type of OM input to the subsoil, either by cryoturbation or otherwise, e.g. by advective water-borne transport of dissolved OM. In non-cryoturbated subsoil horizons, most OM is stabilized at mineral surfaces or by occlusion in aggregates. In contrast, pockets of OM-rich cryoturbated soil contain sufficient free particulate OM for microbial decomposition. After thaw, OM turnover is as fast as in the upper active layer. Since cryoturbated soils store ca. 450 Pg carbon, identifying differences in decomposability according to such translocation processes has large implications for the future global carbon cycle and climate, and directs further process model development.
Multipartite entanglement in qudit hypergraph states
Authors: Malpetti D , Bellisario A , Macchiavello C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study entanglement properties of hypergraph states in arbitrary finite dimension. We compute multipartite entanglement of elementary qudit hypergraph states, namely those endowed with a single maximum-cardinality hyperedge. We show that, analogously to the qubit case, also for arbitrary dimension there exists a lower bound for multipartite entanglement of connected qudit hypergraph states; this is given by the multipartite entanglement of an equal-dimension elementary hypergraph state featuring the same number of qudits as the largest-cardinality hyperedge. We highlight interesting differences between prime and non-prime dimension in the entanglement features.
Accumulation times for diffusion-mediated surface reactions
Authors: Bressloff Paul C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper we consider a multiparticle version of a recent probabilistic framework for studying diffusion-mediated surface reactions. The basic idea of the probabilistic approach is to consider the joint probability density or generalized propagator for particle position and the so-called boundary local time. The latter characterizes the amount of time that a Brownian particle spends in the neighborhood of a totally reflecting boundary; the effects of surface reactions are then incorporated via an appropriate stopping condition for the local time. The propagator is determined by solving a Robin boundary value problem, in which the constant rate of reactivity is identified as the Laplace variable z conjugate to the local time, and then inverting the solution with respect to z. Here we reinterpret the propagator as a particle concentration in which surface absorption is counterbalanced by particle source terms. We investigate conditions under which there exists a non-trivial steady state solution, and analyze the relaxation to steady state by calculating the corresponding accumulation time. In particular, we show that the first two moments of the stopping local time density have to be finite.
Speculative Aesthetic Expressivism
Authors: Robson Jon , Sinclair Neil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we sketch a new version of aesthetic expressivism. We argue that one advantage of this view is that it explains various putative norms on the formation and revision of aesthetic judgement. We begin by setting out our proposed explananda and a sense in which they can be understood as governing the correct response to putative higher-order evidence in aesthetics. We then summarise some existing discussions of expressivist attempts to explain these norms, and objections raised to them. This will allow us to identify the pitfalls that a good expressivist explanation needs to avoid. Finally, we sketch our preferred version of aesthetic expressivism which includes as a crucial part a hypothesis concerning the distinctive expressive function of aesthetic practice. We then consider how this theory can explain the putative aesthetic norms whilst avoiding the previous objections.
The Added Value of Pharmacotherapy to Cognitive Behavior Therapy And Vice Versa in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Amsterdam Jan , Blanken Peter , Spijkerman Renske , van den Brink Wim , Hendriks Vincent 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aim
To explore whether combined interventions i.e. psychotherapeutic plus psychosocial interventions are more effective than monotherapies in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.

Methods
Systematic review of the results of randomized controlled trials that compared combined therapies with monotherapies (either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy).

Results
The search resulted in 28 eligible studies. Data from these RCTs showed that 10 out of 19 RCTs (53%) demonstrated an added value of combined therapy (psychotherapy + pharmacotherapy) compared to psychotherapy only, whereas only three out of nine RCTs (33%) comparing combined therapy with pharmacotherapy showed a possible added value for combined therapy.

Conclusions
Pharmacotherapy is effective to treat AUD with or without psychotherapy and that psychotherapy can best be offered in combination with pharmacotherapy.
Seed size effects on plant establishment under low atmospheric CO2, with implications for seed size evolution
Authors: McCann Honour C , Sage Rowan F 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsLow atmospheric CO2 concentration depresses photosynthesis and resource use efficiency, and therefore can inhibit phases of the life cycle such as seedling establishment. Seed reserves can compensate for photosynthetic inhibition by accelerating seedling growth. We therefore hypothesize that seedlings arising from large seeds show less inhibition from low atmospheric CO2 than young plants from small seeds. Seed size effects on seedling responses to low CO2 may also be enhanced in warm environments, due to greater photorespiration at high temperature.MethodsPhaseolus and Vigna seeds differing in mass by over two orders of magnitude were planted and grown for 14 d in growth chambers with CO2 concentrations of 370, 180 or 100 ppm, in thermal regimes of 25 °C/19 °C, 30 °C/24 °C or 35 °C/29 °C (day/night). We measured leaf area expansion, shoot growth and mortality of the seedlings arising from the variously sized seeds at 14 days after planting (14 DAP).Key ResultsRelative to small-seeded plants, large-seeded genotypes produced greater leaf area and shoot mass at 14 DAP across the range of CO2 treatments in the 25 °C/19 °C and 30 °C/24 °C regimes, and at 100 ppm in the 35 °C/29 °C treatment. The proportional decline in leaf area and seed mass with CO2 reduction was generally greater for seedlings arising from small than from large seeds. Reductions in leaf area due to CO2 reduction increased in the warmer temperature treatments. In the 35 °C/19 °C treatment at 100 ppm CO2, seedling mortality was greater in small- than in large-seeded genotypes, and the small-seeded genotypes were unable to exit the seedling stage by the end of the experiment.ConclusionsThe results support a hypothesis that seedlings from large seeds grow and establish better than seedlings from small seeds in warm, low CO2 environments. During low CO2 episodes in Earth’s history, such as the past 30 million years, large seeds may have been favoured by natural selection in warm environments. With the recent rise in atmospheric CO2 due to human activities, trade-offs between seed size and number may already be affected, such that seed size today may be non-optimal in their natural habitats.
Resolution, conflict and rate shifts: insights from a densely sampled plastome phylogeny forRhododendron(Ericaceae)
Authors: Mo Zhi-Qiong , Fu Chao-Nan , Zhu Ming-Shu , Milne Richard I , Yang Jun-Bo , Cai Jie , Qin Han-Tao , Zheng Wei , Hollingsworth Peter M , Li De-Zhu , Gao Lian-Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsRhododendron is a species-rich and taxonomically challenging genus due to recent adaptive radiation and frequent hybridization. A well-resolved phylogenetic tree would help to understand the diverse history of Rhododendron in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains where the genus is most diverse.MethodsWe reconstructed the phylogeny based on plastid genomes with broad taxon sampling, covering 161 species representing all eight subgenera and all 12 sections, including ~45 % of the Rhododendron species native to the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. We compared this phylogeny with nuclear phylogenies to elucidate reticulate evolutionary events and clarify relationships at all levels within the genus. We also estimated the timing and diversification history of Rhododendron, especially the two species-rich subgenera Rhododendron and Hymenanthes that comprise &gt;90 % of Rhododendron species in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains.Key ResultsThe full plastid dataset produced a well-resolved and supported phylogeny of Rhododendron. We identified 13 clades that were almost always monophyletic across all published phylogenies. The conflicts between nuclear and plastid phylogenies suggested strongly that reticulation events may have occurred in the deep lineage history of the genus. Within Rhododendron, subgenus Therorhodion diverged first at 56 Mya, then a burst of diversification occurred from 23.8 to 17.6 Mya, generating ten lineages among the component 12 clades of core Rhododendron. Diversification in subgenus Rhododendron accelerated c. 16.6 Mya and then became fairly continuous. Conversely, Hymenanthes diversification was slow at first, then accelerated very rapidly around 5 Mya. In the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains, subgenus Rhododendron contained one major clade adapted to high altitudes and another to low altitudes, whereas most clades in Hymenanthes contained both low- and high-altitude species, indicating greater ecological plasticity during its diversification.ConclusionsThe 13 clades proposed here may help to identify specific ancient hybridization events. This study will help to establish a stable and reliable taxonomic framework for Rhododendron, and provides insight into what drove its diversification and ecological adaption. Denser sampling of taxa, examining both organelle and nuclear genomes, is needed to better understand the divergence and diversification history of Rhododendron.
Profile of Embedded Validity Indicators in Criminal Defendants with Verified Valid Neuropsychological Test Performance
Authors: Finley John-Christopher A , Brook Michael , Kern Daniel M , Reilly James L , Hanlon Robert E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Few studies have examined the use of embedded validity indicators (EVIs) in criminal-forensic practice settings, where judgements regarding performance validity can carry severe consequences for the individual and society. This study sought to examine how various EVIs perform in criminal defendant populations, and determine relationships between EVI scores and intrapersonal variables thought to influence performance validity.

Method
Performance on 16 empirically established EVI cutoffs were examined in a sample of 164 criminal defendants with valid performance who were referred for forensic neuropsychological evaluation. Subsequent analyses examined the relationship between EVI scores and intrapersonal variables in 83 of these defendants.

Results
Half of the EVIs (within the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit Span Total, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test Commissions, Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory I and II, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Test Part B, and Stroop Word and Color) performed as intended in this sample. The EVIs that did not perform as intended were significantly influenced by relevant intrapersonal variables, including below-average intellectual functioning and history of moderate–severe traumatic brain injury and neurodevelopmental disorder.

Conclusions
This study identifies multiple EVIs appropriate for use in criminal-forensic settings. However, based on these findings, practitioners may wish to be selective in choosing and interpreting EVIs for forensic evaluations of criminal court defendants.
metaLINCS: an R package for meta-level analysis of LINCS L1000 drug signatures using stratified connectivity mapping
Authors: Kwee Ivo , Martinelli Axel , Khayal Layal Abo , Akhmedov Murodzhon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
Accessing the collection of perturbed gene expression profiles, such as the LINCS L1000 connectivity map, is usually performed at the individual dataset level, followed by a summary performed by counting individual hits for each perturbagen. With the metaLINCS R package, we present an alternative approach that combines rank correlation and gene set enrichment analysis to identify meta-level enrichment at the perturbagen level and, in the case of drugs, at the mechanism of action level. This significantly simplifies the interpretation and highlights overarching themes in the data. We demonstrate the functionality of the package and compare its performance against those of three currently used approaches.

Availability and implementation
metaLINCS is released under GPL3 license. Source code and documentation are freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/bigomics/metaLINCS).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
ASTRAL-Pro 2: ultrafast species tree reconstruction from multi-copy gene family trees
Authors: Zhang Chao , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Species tree inference from multi-copy gene trees has long been a challenge in phylogenomics. The recent method ASTRAL-Pro has made strides by enabling multi-copy gene family trees as input and has been quickly adopted. Yet, its scalability, especially memory usage, needs to improve to accommodate the ever-growing dataset size.

Results
We present ASTRAL-Pro 2, an ultrafast and memory efficient version of ASTRAL-Pro that adopts a placement-based optimization algorithm for significantly better scalability without sacrificing accuracy.

Availability and implementation
The source code and binary files are publicly available at https://github.com/chaoszhang/ASTER; data are available at https://github.com/chaoszhang/A-Pro2_data.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Better Bang for the Buck? Generalizing Trust in Online Drug Markets
Authors: Munksgaard Rasmus , Ferris Jason A , Winstock Adam , Maier Larissa J , Barratt Monica J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Past research into illicit online markets suggests that trust is produced by governance, reputation systems and the formation of social ties. In this paper, we draw on accounts of abstract and institutional trust, examining whether using a market is associated with general positive beliefs about product quality. Using data from the 2018 Global Drug Survey (n = 25,471) we utilize propensity score matching and multilevel linear regression to examine the association between having purchased drugs online and general expectations about product quality in value, weight, purity and price. We find strong evidence of a positive association between general beliefs and individual experience. This suggests that trust in illicit online markets can extend beyond interpersonal relations and towards an abstract market.
Empathetic Attuning: ‘How Would I Feel If I Had to Expose Myself All the Time?’—Strategies for Managing Personal and Intimate Care in Swedish Formal Home Care
Authors: Andersson Katarina , Lövgren Veronica , Ahnlund Petra , Kalman Hildur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSweden, as a welfare state, has a long tradition of providing formal home care and support to their citizens in their own homes, either through home care services or personal assistance. A large percentage of frail elderly and persons with disability who receive formal home care require personal and intimate care, such as help with eating, showering, getting dressed and personal hygiene. Managing intimacy and safeguarding the care recipient’s integrity pose particular challenges for staff. The aim of this qualitative interview study is to describe and analyse care workers’ (CWs) and personal assistants’ (PAs) strategies for managing situations and challenges related to provision of personal and intimate care in the context of formal home care. Semi-structured interviews with eleven CWs and nine PAs were conducted. Our analysis reveals a complex repertoire of relational and communicative strategies, within an overall approach—which we labelled ‘empathetic attuning’—of relating to the current situation and task at hand whilst safeguarding integrity. These strategies were intertwined with dimensions of time. The possibility to accomplish satisfactory personal and intimate care rests on structural and organisational conditions that promote sustainable working conditions, where relations characterised by continuity, integrity and respect can be realised.