bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Zinc Intake With Risk of Impaired Physical Function and Frailty Among Older Adults
Authors: Vega-Cabello Veronica , Caballero Francisco Félix , Lana Alberto , Arias-Fernandez Lucia , Banegas José R , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Lopez-Garcia Esther , Struijk Ellen A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Zinc could be a target nutrient in the prevention of physical impairment and frailty in older adults due to its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties. However, prospective studies evaluating this inquiry are scarce. Thus, we aimed to assess the association between zinc intake and impaired lower-extremity function (ILEF) and frailty among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
We examined 2 963 adults aged ≥60 and older from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. At baseline (2008–2010) and subsequent follow-up (2012), zinc intake (mg/d) was estimated with a validated computerized face-to-face diet history and adjusted for total energy intake. From 2012 to 2017, the occurrence of ILEF was ascertained with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and of frailty according to the Fried phenotype criteria. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for relevant confounders, including lifestyle, comorbidity, and dietary factors.

Results
During follow-up, we identified 515 incident cases of ILEF and 241 of frailty. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of zinc intake (3.99–8.36 mg/d), those in the highest tertile (9.51–21.2 mg/d) had a lower risk of ILEF (fully adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.75 [0.58–0.97]; p for trend: .03] and of frailty (0.63 [0.44–0.92]; p for trend: .02). No differences in the association were seen by strata of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions
Higher zinc intake was prospectively associated with a lower risk of ILEF and frailty among older adults, suggesting that adequate zinc intake, which can be achieved through a healthy diet, may help preserve physical function and reduce the progression to frailty.
Interactions Between Weight Loss and Plasma Neurodegenerative Markers for Determining Cognitive Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Giudici Kelly Virecoulon , Guyonnet Sophie , Morley John E , Nguyen Andrew D , Aggarwal Geetika , Parini Angelo , Li Yan , Bateman Randall J , Vellas Bruno , de Souto Barreto Philipe ,   MAPT/DSA Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the interaction between weight loss (WL) and plasma amyloid-β 42/40 (Aβ 42/40), neurofilament light chain (NfL), progranulin, and their association with cognitive decline over time among older adults. This 5-year observational approach included 470 participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, mean age 76.8 years (SD = 4.5), 59.4% women. WL was defined as ≥5% decrease over the first year. Biomarkers were measured at 12 months. Cognitive function was assessed yearly from 12 months onward by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SB); a composite score based on Category Naming Test; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; 10 MMSE orientation items (MMSEO) and free and total recall of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding test; and these tests individually. Twenty-seven participants (5.7%) presented WL. In adjusted analyses, combined WL + lower Aβ 42/40 (≤0.103, lowest quartile) was related with more pronounced 4-year cognitive decline according to CDR-SB (p &lt; .0001) and MMSEO (p = .021), compared with non-WL + higher Aβ 42/40. WL + higher NfL (&gt;94.55 pg/mL, highest quartile) or progranulin (&gt;38.4 ng/mL, 3 higher quartiles) were related with higher cognitive decline according to CDR-SB, MMSE, MMSEO, and composite score (all p &lt; .03), compared with non-WL + lower NfL or higher progranulin. Regrouping progranulin quartiles (Q1–Q3 vs Q4) revealed higher cognitive decline among the WL + lower progranulin group compared with non-WL + lower progranulin. In conclusion, 1-year WL was associated with subsequent higher 4-year cognitive decline among older adults presenting low Aβ 42/40 or high NfL. Future studies combining plasma biomarker assessments and body weight surveillance may be useful for identifying people at risk of cognitive impairment. Clinical trial number: NCT00672685.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors associated with increased mortality risk in breast cancer patients in Northern Israel
Authors: Fischer Avital , Rennert Hedy S , Rennert Gad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Approximately one in six women in the USA takes antidepressants and a third use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) after breast cancer diagnosis. Recent investigation demonstrated serotonin receptor (5-HTR2B) expression in the breast and serotonin production as an indicator of poor breast cancer prognosis. This study investigates the association between SSRI use at different time intervals relative to breast cancer diagnosis on survival.

Methods
A population-based sample of 6959 consecutive, newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in Northern Israel was included. Patients were recruited from January 2000 and followed up through March 2020. Participants completed risk factor questionnaires regarding medical, reproductive and family history, medication use and health habits. Full prescription data were available through the Israeli national Clalit medical database. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine survival based on time of SSRI use.

Results
Use of SSRIs in the 5 years prior to breast cancer diagnosis was associated with a 66% increase in overall mortality (HRadj  = 1.66; CI: 1.05–2.63). SSRI use that initiated after breast cancer diagnosis was associated with an 81% increase in mortality (HRadj = 1.81; CI: 1.58–2.06). Use of SSRIs in the 5 years post-diagnosis was associated with a dose–response increase (P &lt; 0.001) in long-term mortality (&gt;5 years). Heavy SSRI use (≥24 prescription fills) after diagnosis was associated with nearly doubling in mortality (HR = 1.99; CI: 1.39–2.83).

Conclusion
SSRI use prior to and after breast cancer diagnosis is associated with increased mortality in breast cancer patients. Additional research is needed to better understand mechanisms mediating this association.
Chloroquine-susceptible and -resistantPlasmodium falciparumstrains survive high chloroquine concentrations by becoming dormant but are eliminated by prolonged exposure
Authors: Ursing Johan , Johns Rasmus , Aydin-Schmidt Berit , Calçada Carla , Kofoed Poul-Erik , Ghanchi Najia Karim , Veiga Maria Isabel , Rombo Lars 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium falciparum strains that are resistant to standard-dose chloroquine can be treated by higher chloroquine concentrations maintained for a longer time in vivo.ObjectivesTo determine the relative importance of chloroquine concentrations versus exposure time for elimination of chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant P. falciparum in vitro.MethodsChloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and -resistant (FCR3) strains were exposed in vitro to 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 times their respective 90% inhibitory chloroquine concentrations for 3, 5, 7 or 14 days and then followed until recrudescence, or not, by 42 days after the end of exposure.ResultsExposure to chloroquine appeared to eliminate susceptible and resistant parasites, leaving small pyknotic apparently dead parasites. Chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant parasites recrudesced after 3 and 5 days of chloroquine exposure. Recrudescence occurred in one out of four 7 day exposure series but not after 14 days exposure. The median time to recrudescence was 13 to 28 days with a range of 8 to 41 days after the end of exposure. Time to recrudescence after the end of exposure increased with duration of exposure for susceptible and resistant strains (P &lt; 0.001). Time to recrudescence did not correlate with concentrations greater than 1× IC90.ConclusionsChloroquine-susceptible and -resistant P. falciparum probably become dormant. Elimination of dormant parasites is primarily dependent upon the duration of chloroquine exposure. Exposure to effective drug concentrations for 7 days eliminates most parasites in vitro. The results support in vivo data indicating that elimination of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum correlates with Day 7 chloroquine concentrations.
Identify known and novel candidate genes associated with backfat thickness in Duroc pigs by large-scale genome-wide association analysis
Authors: Ding Rongrong , Zhuang Zhanwei , Qiu Yibin , Ruan Donglin , Wu Jie , Ye Jian , Cao Lu , Zhou Shenping , Zheng Enqin , Huang Wen , Wu Zhenfang , Yang Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Backfat thickness (BFT) is complex and economically important traits in the pig industry, since it reflects fat deposition and can be used to measure the carcass lean meat percentage in pigs. In this study, all 6,550 pigs were genotyped using the Geneseek Porcine 50K SNP Chip to identify SNPs related to BFT and to search for candidate genes through genome-wide association analysis in two Duroc populations. In total, 80 SNPs, including 39 significant and 41 suggestive SNPs, and 6 QTLs were identified significantly associated with the BFT. In addition, 9 candidate genes, including a proven major gene MC4R, 3 important candidate genes (RYR1, HMGA1, and NUDT3) which were previously described as related to BFT, and 5 novel candidate genes (SIRT2, NKAIN2, AMH, SORCS1, and SORCS3) were found based on their potential functional roles in BFT. The functions of candidate genes and gene set enrichment analysis indicate that most important pathways are related to energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. Finally, our data suggest that most of the candidate genes can be directly used for genetic improvement through molecular markers, except that the MC4R gene has an antagonistic effect on growth rate and carcass lean meat percentage in breeding. Our results will advance our understanding of the complex genetic architecture of BFT traits and laid the foundation for additional genetic studies to increase carcass lean meat percentage of pig through marker-assisted selection and/or genomic selection.
Predicting metabolizable energy from digestible energy for growing and finishing beef cattle and relationships to the prediction of methane
Authors: Hales Kristin E , Coppin Carley A , Smith Zachary K , McDaniel Zach S , Tedeschi Luis O , Cole N Andy , Galyean Michael L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Reliable predictions of metabolizable energy (ME) from digestible energy (DE) are necessary to prescribe nutrient requirements of beef cattle accurately. A previously developed database that included 87 treatment means from 23 respiration calorimetry studies has been updated to evaluate the efficiency of converting DE to ME by adding 47 treatment means from 11 additional studies. Diets were fed to growing-finishing cattle under individual feeding conditions. A citation-adjusted linear regression equation was developed where dietary ME concentration (Mcal/kg of dry matter [DM]) was the dependent variable and dietary DE concentration (Mcal/kg) was the independent variable: ME = 1.0001 × DE – 0.3926; r2 = 0.99, root mean square prediction error [RMSPE] = 0.04, and P &lt; 0.01 for the intercept and slope. The slope did not differ from unity (95% CI = 0.936 to 1.065); therefore, the intercept (95% CI = −0.567 to −0.218) defines the value of ME predicted from DE. For practical use, we recommend ME = DE – 0.39. Based on the relationship between DE and ME, we calculated the citation-adjusted loss of methane, which yielded a value of 0.2433 Mcal/kg of dry matter intake (DMI; SE = 0.0134). This value was also adjusted for the effects of DMI above maintenance, yielding a citation-adjusted relationship: CH4, Mcal/kg = 0.3344 – 0.05639 × multiple of maintenance; r2 = 0.536, RMSPE = 0.0245, and P &lt; 0.01 for the intercept and slope. Both the 0.2433 value and the result of the intake-adjusted equation can be multiplied by DMI to yield an estimate of methane production. These two approaches were evaluated using a second, independent database comprising 129 data points from 29 published studies. Four equations in the literature that used DMI or intake energy to predict methane production also were evaluated with the second database. The mean bias was substantially greater for the two new equations, but slope bias was substantially less than noted for the other DMI-based equations. Our results suggest that ME for growing and finishing cattle can be predicted from DE across a wide range of diets, cattle types, and intake levels by simply subtracting a constant from DE. Mean bias associated with our two new methane emission equations suggests that further research is needed to determine whether coefficients to predict methane from DMI could be developed for specific diet types, levels of DMI relative to body weight, or other variables that affect the emission of methane.
Outcome of children with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma in Japan and analysis of the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hara Junichi , Nitani Chika , Shichino Hiroyuki , Kuroda Tatsuo , Hishiki Tomoro , Soejima Toshinori , Mori Tetsuya , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Sasahara Yoji , Iehara Tomoko , Miyamura Takako , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Takimoto Tetsuya , Nakagawara Akira , Tajiri Tatsuro ,   Japan Children’s Cancer Group (JCCG) Neuroblastoma Committee (JNBSG)
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
In Japan, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely performed for recurrent neuroblastomas. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognosis of recurrent neuroblastoma in Japan and explore the effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods
Clinical characteristics and data on the treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma who experienced first progression between 2003 and 2010 after attaining complete remission or partial remission were collected from hospitals participating in the Japanese Neuroblastoma Research Group.

Results
Data from 61 patients who fulfilled these criteria were collected. The median interval from disease onset to first progression was 19 months (range, 7–65 months), whereas the median observation time of the surviving patients was 18 months (range, 1–69 months). All patients were treated with chemotherapy, where 22 and 3 patients received allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively. Seven patients were alive in second complete remission, and 39 died, including two in complete remission. The 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 15.3% (SE: 6.1%) and 16.9% (SE: 6.5%), respectively. For patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 28.3% (standard error, 12.0%) and 24.3% (standard error, 11.5%), respectively, and for patients without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.0% (standard error 5.5%) and 12.0% (standard error 7.6%), respectively. The duration of initial remission (≥ 18 months) and implementation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were independently predictive of progression-free survival (P = 0.002 and P = 0.017), whereas for overall survival, only allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was predictive (P = 0.012).

Conclusion
Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation contributed to some improvement in prognosis, it was insufficient.
Limitations of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of Aspergillus species
Authors: Shao Jin , Wang Qiqi , Wei Linwei , Wan Zhe , Li Ruoyu , Yu Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

This study aimed to detect the identification limitations for Aspergillus species from patients or the environment based on MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A total of 209 Aspergillus isolates were selected in this study. One hundred and sixty-eight of the strains were selected as challenge strains for MALDI-TOF MS analysis, while the remaining 41 strains were used to construct a supplementary database. The 168 challenge strains were identified by the Bruker Filamentous Fungi Library v1.0 (the Bruker Library) and identified again using the Bruker Library combined with the supplementary database (the combined database). The sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS with the Bruker Library alone and with the combined database in identifying the challenge strains at the species level was 64.3 and 85.7%, respectively. With the combined database, the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS in identifying strains in Aspergillus sections Fumigati, Flavi, Nigri, Terrei, and Nidulantes was 100, 86.5, 76.1, 100, and 80%, respectively, and the sensitivity in identifying strains of other Aspergillus species was 71.4%. The specificity of MALDI-TOF MS in identifying strains in all Aspergillus sections at the species level was 100%. Even when using the combined database, MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed some misidentification for the species A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. luchuensis, A. flavus and A. sydowii. In conclusion, with the combined database, MALDI-TOF MS showed good performance in identifying the species in Aspergillus sections Fumigati and Terrei but limited performance in distinguishing some closely related species in sections Nigri, Flavi and Nidulantes.

Lay summary
MALDI-TOF MS showed good performance in identifying Aspergillus species in sections Fumigati and Terrei but limited performance in distinguishing some closely related species in sections Nigri, Flavi and Nidulantes.
Clinical trials targeting neurofibromatoses-associated tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Roman Souza Gabriel , Abdalla Ahmed , Mahadevan Daruka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
There is a paucity of literature that comprehensively analyzes previous and current clinical trials targeting neurofibromatoses-related tumors. This article aims to provide readers with drug development efforts targeting these tumors by analyzing translational and clinical findings.

Methods
This systematic review was written according to the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials involving patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, type 2, or schwannomatosis that were treated with therapies targeting neurofibromatoses-associated tumors and that were registered on clinicaltrials.gov. In addition, a search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase European for articles fully describing these clinical trials.

Results
A total of 265 clinical trials were registered and screened for eligibility. Ninety-two were included in this systematic review involving approximately 4636 participants. The number of therapies analyzed was more than 50. Drugs under investigation mainly act on the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, tumor microenvironment, or aberrantly over-expressed cell surface receptors. Selumetinib was the most effective medication for treating a neurofibromatosis type 1-associated tumor with approximately 68%–71% partial response for inoperable or progressive plexiform neurofibromas in children 2 years of age and older and bevacizumab for a neurofibromatosis type 2-related tumor with approximately 36%–41% partial response for vestibular schwannomas in patients 12 years of age and older.

Conclusions
This systematic review presents the results of previous clinical investigations and those under development for neurofibromatoses-associated tumors. Clinicians may use this information to strategize patients to appropriate clinical trials.
Spatially-resolved relation between [C i] 3P1–3P0 and 12CO (1–0) in Arp 220
Authors: Ueda Junko , Michiyama Tomonari , Iono Daisuke , Miyamoto Yusuke , Saito Toshiki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present $\sim {0.^{\prime \prime }3}$ (114 pc) resolution maps of [C i] 3P1–3P0 (hereafter [C i] (1–0)) and 12CO (1–0) obtained toward Arp 220 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The overall distribution of the [C i] (1–0) emission is consistent with the CO (1–0). While the [C i] (1–0) and CO (1–0) luminosities of the system follow the empirical linear relation for the unresolved ULIRG sample, we find a sublinear relation between [C i] (1–0) and CO (1–0) using the spatially-resolved data. We measure the [C i] (1–0)$/$CO (1–0) luminosity ratio per pixel in star-forming environments of Arp 220 and investigate its dependence on the CO (3–2)$/$CO (1–0) ratio (RCO). On average, the [C i] (1–0)$/$CO (1–0) luminosity ratio is almost constant up to RCO ≃ 1 and then increases with RCO. According to the radiative transfer analysis, a high C i$/$CO abundance ratio is required in regions with high [C i] (1–0)$/$CO (1–0) luminosity ratios and RCO &gt; 1, suggesting that the C i$/$CO abundance ratio varies at ∼100 pc scale in Arp 220. The [C i] (1–0)$/$CO (1–0) luminosity ratio depends on multiple factors and may not be straightforward to interpret. We also find the high-velocity components traced by [C i] (1–0) in the western nucleus, likely associated with the molecular outflow. The [C i] (1–0)$/$CO (1–0) luminosity ratio in the putative outflow is 0.87 ± 0.28, which is four times higher than the average ratio of Arp 220. While there is a possibility that the [C i] (1–0) and CO (1–0) emission traces different components, we suggest that the high line ratios are likely to be because of elevated C i$/$CO abundance ratios based on our radiative transfer analysis. A C i-rich and CO-poor gas phase in outflows could be caused by the irradiation of the cosmic rays, the shock heating, and the intense radiation field.
Associations of sleep and circadian phenotypes with COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization: an observational cohort study based on the UK Biobank and a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Zheran , Luo Yaxin , Su Yonglin , Wei Zhigong , Li Ruidan , He Ling , Yang Lianlian , Pei Yiyan , Ren Jianjun , Peng Xingchen , Hu Xiaolin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep and circadian phenotypes are associated with several diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether sleep and circadian phenotypes were causally linked with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related outcomes.MethodsHabitual sleep duration, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, and chronotype were selected as exposures. Key outcomes included positivity and hospitalization for COVID-19. In the observation cohort study, multivariable risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to estimate the causal effects of the significant findings in the observation analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% CIs were calculated and compared using the inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.ResultsIn the UK Biobank cohort study, both often excessive daytime sleepiness and sometimes daytime napping were associated with hospitalized COVID-19 (excessive daytime sleepiness [often vs. never]: RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02−1.5; daytime napping [sometimes vs. never]: RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02−1.22). In addition, sometimes daytime napping was also associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 susceptibility (sometimes vs. never: RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01−1.28). In the MR analyses, excessive daytime sleepiness was found to increase the risk of hospitalized COVID-19 (MR IVW method: OR = 4.53, 95% CI = 1.04−19.82), whereas little evidence supported a causal link between daytime napping and COVID-19 outcomes.ConclusionsObservational and genetic evidence supports a potential causal link between excessive daytime sleepiness and an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, suggesting that interventions targeting excessive daytime sleepiness symptoms might decrease severe COVID-19 rate.