bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune responses in the injured olfactory and gustatory systems: a role in olfactory receptor neuron and taste bud regeneration?
Authors: Lakshmanan Hari G , Miller Elayna , White-Canale AnnElizabeth , McCluskey Lynnette P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensory cells that specialize in transducing olfactory and gustatory stimuli are renewed throughout life and can regenerate after injury unlike their counterparts in the mammalian retina and auditory epithelium. This uncommon capacity for regeneration offers an opportunity to understand mechanisms that promote the recovery of sensory function after taste and smell loss. Immune responses appear to influence degeneration and later regeneration of olfactory sensory neurons and taste receptor cells. Here we review surgical, chemical, and inflammatory injury models and evidence that immune responses promote or deter chemosensory cell regeneration. Macrophage and neutrophil responses to chemosensory receptor injury have been the most widely studied without consensus on their net effects on regeneration. We discuss possible technical and biological reasons for the discrepancy, such as the difference between peripheral and central structures, and suggest directions for progress in understanding immune regulation of chemosensory regeneration. Our mechanistic understanding of immune-chemosensory cell interactions must be expanded before therapies can be developed for recovering the sensation of taste and smell after head injury from traumatic nerve damage and infection. Chemosensory loss leads to decreased quality of life, depression, nutritional challenges, and exposure to environmental dangers highlighting the need for further studies in this area.
Bronchial Washing Using a Thin Versus a Thick Bronchoscope to Diagnose Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Eom Jung Seop , Park Seyeon , Jang Hyojin , Kim Saerom , Yoo Wan Ho , Kim Soo Han , Mok Jeongha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of using a thin bronchoscope for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Methods
Between March 2019 and November 2021, we prospectively enrolled participants with suspected PTB whose sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and tuberculosis (TB) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were negative or who could not produce self-expectorated sputum. Participants were randomized to a control group (bronchial washing [BW] using a 5.9-mm conventional bronchoscope guided by chest computed tomography) or an investigational group (BW using a 4.0-mm thin bronchoscope under virtual bronchoscopic navigation guidance). The primary outcome was detection of TB in BW fluid, defined as a positive result in the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The secondary outcomes included AFB smear and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity, time to treatment initiation, and bronchoscopy-related complications.

Results
In total, 85 participants were included in the final analysis (43 in the control group and 42 in the investigational group). Twenty-three and 29, respectively, were finally diagnosed with PTB. The TB detection rate in BW fluid was higher in the investigational group (72.4% vs 43.5%, P = .035). Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity was also higher in the investigational group (79.3% vs 52.2%, P = .038). No participants required premature bronchoscopy termination because of complications. Of the participants with PTB, the time to treatment initiation was shorter in the investigational group (median, 2.0 days vs 4.0 days, P = .001).

Conclusions
BW using a thin bronchoscope increases the TB detection rate in patients with PTB compared to conventional bronchoscopy.
Clinical Trials Registration.ȃNCT03802812.
Donor obesity and weight gain after transplantation: two still overlooked threats to long-term graft survival
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Ucku Duygu , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The effect of donor obesity on kidney transplantation success has long been an overlooked clinical research area. Even though there is no strict guideline in most countries prohibiting donation from obese individuals, most candidates with a body mass index &gt;35–40 kg/m2 are rejected due to concerns regarding long-term renal functional deterioration in the donor. The effects of excessive fat mass on renal function and allograft survival have been analysed by several longitudinal and follow-up studies. These studies have documented the deleterious effect on long-term graft outcomes of excessive body mass in living kidney donors and de novo obesity or pre-existing obesity worsening after transplantation on kidney outcomes. However, there is a paucity of clinical trials aimed at countering overweight and obesity in living and deceased kidney donors and in transplant patients. In this review we will briefly discuss the mechanism whereby fat excess induces adverse kidney outcomes and describe the effects on graft function and survival in living obese donors.
Double-Lead Content Search And Producer Location Prediction Scheme For Producer Mobility In Named Data Networking
Authors: Rui Lanlan , Dai Shiyue , Gao Zhipeng , Qiu Xuesong , Chen Xingyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, Named Data Network (NDN) has become a popular network architecture because of high resource utilization, strong security and high transmission efficiency. Meanwhile, mobile multimedia communication has become the mainstream with the popularization and application of smart terminals. Most of the research on NDN mobility is focused on consumer mobility without taking producer mobility into account. To solve the delay and high cost carried by producer moving, we propose a Double-Lead content search algorithm based on neighbor and proxy and a location prediction algorithm based on traffic features. We use a neural network model to predict a new location of producers and calculate route before switching, which can save the rerouting latency in advance when predicting accurately. In a few cases of inaccurate predictions, we select different search methods according to the distance of the producer’s movement, to complete the Double-Lead search between the producer and the consumer. Experimental results show that DLPNDN can reduce the delay and traffic overhead well in NDN when the producer moves.
Combining counterfactual outcomes and ARIMA models for policy evaluation
Authors: Menchetti Fiammetta , Cipollini Fabrizio , Mealli Fabrizia 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe Rubin Causal Model (RCM) is a framework that allows to define the causal effect of an intervention as a contrast of potential outcomes. In recent years, several methods have been developed under the RCM to estimate causal effects in time series settings. None of these makes use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, which are instead very common in the econometrics literature. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, named Causal-ARIMA (C-ARIMA), to define and estimate the causal effect of an intervention in observational time series settings under the RCM. We first formalise the assumptions enabling the definition, the estimation and the attribution of the effect to the intervention. We then check the validity of the proposed method with a simulation study. In the empirical application, we use C-ARIMA to assess the causal effect of a permanent price reduction on supermarket sales. The CausalArima R package provides an implementation of the proposed approach.
Civicness Drain*
Authors: Michaeli Moti , Casari Marco , Ichino Andrea , De Paola Maria , Marandola Ginevra , Scoppa Vincenzo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Migration may cause, not only a brain drain, but also a ‘civicness’ drain, leading to a poverty trap. Using migration choices of southern Italian high-school students classified as civic if not cheating in a modified die-roll experiment, we uncover a key role of local civicness (average civicness in the class): a civicness drain is observed only at high and low local civicness. We rationalise this pattern with a model in which civic and uncivic types balance hope versus fear of migration outcomes, taking into account economic gains, risk preferences and their beliefs about being considered civic in the place of destination.
Seasonal variation in temperature sensitivity of bacterial growth in a temperate soil and lake
Authors: Kritzberg Emma , Bååth Erland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFaster bacterial biomass turnover is expected in water compared to soil, which would result in more rapid community adaption to changing environmental conditions, including temperature. Bacterial community adaptation for growth is therefore predicted to have larger seasonal amplitudes in lakes than in soil. To test this prediction, we compared the seasonal variation in temperature adaptation of bacterial community growth in a soil and lake in Southern Sweden (Tin situ 0–20°C, mean 10°C) during 1.5 years, based on monthly samplings including two winters and summers. An indicator of community adaptation, minimum temperature for growth (Tmin), was calculated from bacterial growth measurements (Leu incorporation) using the Ratkowsky model. The seasonal variation in Tmin (sinusoidal function, R2 = 0.71) was most pronounced for the lake bacterial community, with an amplitude for Tmin of 3.0°C (−4.5 to −10.5°C) compared to 0.6°C (−7 to −8°C) for the soil. Thus, Tmin in water increased by 0.32°C/degree change of Tin situ. Similar differences were also found when comparing four lakes and soils in the winter and summer (amplitudes 2.9°C and 0.9°C for lakes and soils, respectively). Thus, seasonal variation in temperature adaptation has to be taken into account in lakes, while for soils a constant Tmin can be used.
Effectiveness of building-level sewage surveillance during both community-spread and sporadic-infection phases of SARS-CoV-2 in a university campus population
Authors: Johnson William , Reeves Katelyn , Liebig Jennifer , Feula Antonio , Butler Claire , Alkire Michaela , Singh Samiha , Litton Shelby , O'Conor Kerry , Jones Keaton , Ortega Nikolas , Shimek Trace , Witteman Julia ,   Sampling Team Collaborators, Coe Elle , Heuer Heidi , Jones Jeffrey , Key Sara , Lilienfeld Jacob , Maggi Juniper , Nelson Lauren , Pulley Kevin , Wilkerson Paul , Vigil Bailey , Zak Gordon , Maxwell Kiersten , Karr Madeline , Freeman Nicholas , Saldana Emily , Salveson Lewis , Tomlinson Kate , Vargas-barriga Jorge , Bjorkman Kristen K , Mansfeldt Cresten 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pathogen surveillance within wastewater rapidly progressed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and informed public health management. In addition to the successful monitoring of entire sewer catchment basins at the treatment facility scale, subcatchment or building-level monitoring enabled targeted support of resource deployment. However, optimizing the temporal and spatial resolution of these monitoring programs remains complex due to population dynamics and within-sewer physical, chemical, and biological processes. To address these limitations, this study explores the advancement of the building-scale network that monitored the on-campus residential population at the University of Colorado Boulder between August 2020 and May 2021 through a daily SARS-CoV-2 surveillance campaign. During the study period, SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence transitioned from robust community spread in Fall 2020 to sporadic infections in Spring 2021. Temporally, these distinct phases enabled investigating the effectiveness of resource commitment by exploring subsets of the original daily sampling data. Spatially, select sampling sites were installed along the flow path of the pipe network, enabling the exploration of the conservation of viral concentrations within the wastewater. Infection prevalence and resource commitment for informed action displayed an inverted relationship: higher temporal and spatial resolution surveillance is more imperative during sporadic infection phases than during high prevalence periods. This relationship was reinforced when norovirus (two minor clusters) and influenza (primarily absent) were additionally surveilled at a weekly frequency. Overall, resource commitment should scale to meet the objectives of the monitoring campaign—providing a general prevalence estimate requires fewer resources than an early-warning and targeted-action monitoring framework.
Maximum SNP FST Outperforms Full-Window Statistics for Detecting Soft Sweeps in Local Adaptation
Authors: da Silva Ribeiro Tiago , Galván José A , Pool John E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Local adaptation can lead to elevated genetic differentiation at the targeted genetic variant and nearby sites. Selective sweeps come in different forms, and depending on the initial and final frequencies of a favored variant, very different patterns of genetic variation may be produced. If local selection favors an existing variant that had already recombined onto multiple genetic backgrounds, then the width of elevated genetic differentiation (high FST) may be too narrow to detect using a typical windowed genome scan, even if the targeted variant becomes highly differentiated. We, therefore, used a simulation approach to investigate the power of SNP-level FST (specifically, the maximum SNP FST value within a window, or FST_MaxSNP) to detect diverse scenarios of local adaptation, and compared it against whole-window FST and the Comparative Haplotype Identity statistic. We found that FST_MaxSNP had superior power to detect complete or mostly complete soft sweeps, but lesser power than full-window statistics to detect partial hard sweeps. Nonetheless, the power of FST_MaxSNP depended highly on sample size, and confident outliers depend on robust precautions and quality control. To investigate the relative enrichment of FST_MaxSNP outliers from real data, we applied the two FST statistics to a panel of Drosophila melanogaster populations. We found that FST_MaxSNP had a genome-wide enrichment of outliers compared with demographic expectations, and though it yielded a lesser enrichment than window FST, it detected mostly unique outlier genes and functional categories. Our results suggest that FST_MaxSNP is highly complementary to typical window-based approaches for detecting local adaptation, and merits inclusion in future genome scans and methodologies.
Porosity prediction using semi-supervised learning with biased well log data for improving estimation accuracy and reducing prediction uncertainty
Authors: Sang Wenjing , Yuan Sanyi , Han Hongwei , Liu Haojie , Yu Yue 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
Porosity characterization is of profound significance for seismic inversion and hydrocarbon prediction. Although semi-supervised learning (SSL) based methods have been used to boost prediction accuracy and lateral continuity of supervised learning (SL) inverted subsurface properties, their variations are relatively limited since the relationships between the data and the parameter model are straightforward in most reported cases. To further figure out their essential differences, we proposed the SSL-based network (SSLBN) for reservoir porosity prediction using seismic and well log data with disparate complexity and quality, and compared it with the SL-based network (SLBN). The SSLBN comprises a data-driven inverse model named decoder and a data-driven forward model named encoder based on the bidirectional-gated recurrent units. The architecture of the SLBN is the same as the encoder. Trained by several seismic-to-well pairs and numerous unlabelled seismic logs, the SSLBN learns the physical process from input single-trace observed seismic log to the intermediate porosity log, and the inverted porosity to the output generated seismic log. We first prepare the porosity model with biased or unbiased labels, the convolution model (CM) and reverse time migration (RTM) based synthetic seismic data, and then implement SL- and SSL-based statistical tests. The synthetic data examples demonstrate that the SSLBN has significant preponderance over the SLBN in the scenes of the RTM imaged seismic data and biased porosity labels. Compared with the SLBN, the physical regularization of the data misfit in the SSLBN improves estimation accuracy and reduces prediction uncertainty of porosity. Finally, statistical tests on a braided river deposited field data example illustrate that the SSLBN can generate more geologically trustworthy porosity models and indicate the oil layers of high porosity sandstone reservoirs.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease and Programmed Cell Death 1 Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Pan Sheng-Wei , Feng Jia-Yih , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Shu Chin-Chung , Wang Ping-Huai , Wang Jann-Yuan , Wang Hao-Chien , Su Wei-Juin , Chen Yuh-Min , Yu Chong-Jen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) preferentially occurs in postmenopausal women and may have immune exhaustion involving the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway. It is still unknown whether sex-specific associations between susceptibility to MAC-LD and programmed cell death 1 gene (PDCD1) polymorphisms exist.

Methods
Adult patients with MAC-LD (n = 152) and controls (n = 167) were included at 2 medical centers in Taiwan. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PDCD1 genes were genotyped, and their associations with MAC-LD and soluble PD-1 protein were analyzed, especially in sex subgroups.

Results
PDCD1 rs2227982 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of MAC-LD in women (adjusted odds ratio for AA vs AG vs GG, 2.205 [95% confidence interval, 1.108–4.389]; P = .02), and the rs10204525 TT genotype was associated with low risk in men (TT vs TC and CC, 0.396 [.176–.890]; P = .02). Compared with men with rs10204525 TT, women with rs2227982 AG and with AA had 2.7- and 5.0-fold increased risks, respectively. Soluble PD-1 levels were lower in the female subgroup with rs2227982 AG and AA than in the remainder (median level [interquartile range], 46.7 [33.7-71.5] pg/mL vs 66.2 [48.6–101.5] pg/mL; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
PDCD1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with the risk of MAC-LD in a sex-specific pattern, possibly through regulation of PD-1 expression.
One if by Land, and Two if by Sea: Cross-Domain Contests and the Escalation of International Crises
Authors: Gannon J Andrés 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New domains of military conflict, such as space and cyber, arguably increase opportunities for conflict across, as well as within, domains. Cross-domain conflict is thus seen by many as an emerging source of international instability. Yet, existing systematic empirical research has little to say about how domains interact. This study introduces a new dataset of the domains in which nations took military action during 412 international crises between 1918 and 2015. Analysis of these data yields several surprises. Far from being rare, cross-domain interactions are the modal form of conflict in crises during this period. Nor is cross-domain conflict “new”: crises that play out in more than one domain were about as frequent (proportionately) in decades past as they are today. Cross-domain crises are also less violent and of no greater duration than crises between belligerents using similar means. This study thus presents evidence that fears about cross-domain escalation are empirically unsubstantiated.
Another neighbourhood semantics for intuitionistic logic
Authors: Moniri Morteza , Shirmohammadzadeh Maleki Fatemeh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper we first introduce a new neighbourhood semantics for propositional intuitionistic logic. We then naturally extend this semantics to first-order intuitionistic logic. We also study bisimulation between neighbourhood models and prove some of their basic properties for both propositional and first-order intuitionistic logic.
Integrin alpha 2 is associated with tumor progression and postoperative recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Yoko , Kage Hidenori , Morota Mizuki , Zokumasu Koichi , Ando Takahiro , Maemura Keita , Watanabe Kousuke , Kawakami Masanori , Hinata Munetoshi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Nakajima Jun , Nagase Takahide 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. Whereas expression of integrin alpha 2 is associated with motility, invasiveness and cellular differentiation in various tumors, the role of integrin alpha 2 in lung cancer has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how aberrant integrin alpha 2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer leads to different outcomes.

Methods
We measured expression of integrin alpha 2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 100 samples collected from non-small cell lung cancer patients who had undergone surgical resection. We assigned patients to high and low expression groups and analyzed survival. Cellular morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion were examined in human lung cancer cell lines.

Results
Among 100 cases, 41 were female, with a median age of 71 years. High expression of integrin alpha 2 in non-small cell lung cancer was associated with lower recurrence-free survival (P = 0.004). Overexpression of integrin alpha 2 in cell lines had no effect on cell proliferation or invasion but resulted in increased cell size (1416 μm2 versus 470 μm2 in H522 cells, P &lt; 0.001; 1822 μm2 versus 1029 μm2 in H661 cells, P = 0.02), adhesion (P &lt; 0.001 in H522 and H661 cells) and migration (gap area filled was 71% versus 36% in H522 cells, P &lt; 0.001; 57% versus 26% in H661 cells, P = 0.001). These changes were suppressed by E7820, an inhibitor of integrin alpha 2.

Conclusions
Integrin alpha 2 may play a significant role in lung cancer adhesion and migration, and may lead to a higher risk of recurrence.
Improved survival of poor-risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients: real-world data from a single institute in Japan
Authors: Tanuma Kozaburo , Kawai Koji , Nitta Satoshi , Shiga Masanobu , Kawahara Takashi , Negoro Hiromitsu , Onozawa Mizuki , Inoue Takamitsu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group Update Consortium showed the improved survival of patients with a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor. We updated the survival data of the non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients treated at our hospital.

Patients and Methods
We analyzed the outcomes of 138 patients treated in 1981–2018. We compared the survival of the patients treated in the early (1981–99) and later (2000–18) periods and determined the groups’ progression-free survival and overall survival using the Kaplan–Meier method. We used a web-based application of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group Update model to calculate each patient’s predicted 3-year progression-free survival.

Results
The 5-year progression-free survival rates of the good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were 91, 83 and 64%, and their 5-year overall survival rates were 97, 89 and 82%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the progression-free survival or overall survival of the good and intermediate prognosis groups by treatment year. The 5-year progression-free survival of the poor prognosis group was almost identical in both treatment year (60 and 65%, respectively). By contrast, the 5-year overall survival in the later period (85%) was higher than that in the early period (70%). The median-predicted 3-year progression-free survival rates of the good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were 92, 83 and 51% (P &lt; 0.01), respectively. The concordance index for the good, intermediate and poor prognosis groups were 0.56, 0.79 and 0.67, respectively.

Conclusion
The survival of our poor prognosis non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients improved over time. The 5-year overall survival of patients treated in 2000–18 reached 85%.