bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GmMKK4‐activated GmMPK6 stimulates GmERF113 to trigger resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean
Authors: Gao Hong , Jiang Liangyu , Du Banghan , Ning Bin , Ding Xiaodong , Zhang Chuanzhong , Song Bo , Liu Shanshan , Zhao Ming , Zhao Yuxin , Rong Tianyu , Liu Dongxue , Wu Junjiang , Xu Pengfei , Zhang Shuzhen 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYPhytophthora root and stem rot is a worldwide soybean (Glycine max) disease caused by the soil‐borne pathogen Phytophthora sojae. This disease is devastating to soybean production, so improvement of resistance to P. sojae is a major target in soybean breeding. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules that convert environmental stimuli into cellular responses. Compared with extensive studies in Arabidopsis, the molecular mechanism of MAPK cascades in soybean disease resistance is barely elucidated. In this work, we found that the gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 6 (GmMPK6) was potently induced by P. sojae infection in the disease‐resistant soybean cultivar ‘Suinong 10’. Overexpression of GmMPK6 in soybean resulted in enhanced resistance to P. sojae and silencing of GmMPK6 led to the opposite phenotype. In our attempt to dissect the role of GmMPK6 in soybean resistance to phytophthora disease, we found that MAPK kinase 4 (GmMKK4) and the ERF transcription factor GmERF113 physically interact with GmMPK6, and we determined that GmMKK4 could phosphorylate and activate GmMPK6, which could subsequently phosphorylate GmERF113 upon P. sojae infection, suggesting that P. sojae can stimulate the GmMKK4–GmMPK6–GmERF113 signaling pathway in soybean. Moreover, phosphorylation of GmERF113 by the GmMKK4–GmMPK6 module promoted GmERF113 stability, nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, which significantly enhanced expression of the defense‐related genes GmPR1 and GmPR10‐1 and hence improved disease resistance of the transgenic soybean seedlings. In all, our data reveal that the GmMKK4–GmMPK6–GmERF113 cascade triggers resistance to P. sojae in soybean and shed light on functions of MAPK kinases in plant disease resistance.
Incidence of and risk factors for self‐load‐related and medical device‐related pressure injuries in critically ill patients: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Shimura Tomoko , Nakagami Gojiro , Ogawa Rei , Ono Shimpei , Takahashi Toshiaki , Nagata Misako , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Sugama Junko , Sanada Hiromi , Oe Makoto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are two types of pressure injuries: self‐load‐related pressure injuries (PIs) and medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPIs), but the differences in risk factors between PIs and MDRPIs have not yet been clarified. If risk factors for PIs and MDRPIs differ, preventive interventions should take this into account. This is a prospective cohort study aimed to determine the cumulative incidence of PIs and MDRPIs in critically ill patients and to identify corresponding risk factors. The study included 1418 patients who were admitted to the critical care medical center of a single university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, between 1 December 2019 and 31 August 2020. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of PIs and MDRPIs. Furthermore, the Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse the predictors in both the PI and MDRPI incidence and non‐incidence groups. Predictors were based on data from the 0th disease day. The cumulative incidence of PIs and MDRPIs was 4.6/1000 person‐days and 3.6/1000 person‐days, respectively. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that common risk factors for the occurrence of PIs and MDRPIs were possession of PI on admission, higher blood lactate, blood purification therapy, and positional restriction. The risk factors for PIs only were diabetes mellitus, septic shock, and a lower serum albumin level, while the risk factors for MDRPIs only were the D‐dimer level and extracorporeal membranous oxygenation treatment. Therefore, prophylactic interventions need to consider these different risk factors.
Notch, Numb and Numb‐like responses to exercise‐induced muscle damage in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Bubak Matthew P. , Stout Kevan , Tomtschik Julia , Peterson Ethan , Cardozo Christopher P. , Graham Zachary A. , Gallagher Philip 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do Notch, Numb and Numb‐like expression change in human skeletal muscle after exercise‐induced muscle damage?
What are the main finding and its importance?
Notch gene expression trends toward an increase in response to an acute bout of exercise‐induced muscle damage, while Numb and Numb‐like expression does not change. These results suggest that human skeletal muscle response to exercise‐induced muscle damage is dynamic and may differ from Drosophila and rodent models. Furthermore, the timing of muscle biopsies, training status and muscle damage protocols should be considered.
AbstractThis investigation examined changes in the gene and protein expression of Notch, Numb and Numb‐like (Numbl) in human skeletal muscle after an acute bout of eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage. Twelve recreationally active male subjects participated in this study. These individuals completed seven sets of 10 repetitions of eccentric leg extension at 120% of one‐repetition max with 2 min of rest period between sets. Four muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were collected: before exercise (Pre), and 3 h, 2 days and 5 days post‐muscle damage. Biopsy samples were used to probe Notch, Numb and Numbl utilizing western blot and RT‐qPCR techniques. The results were analysed using a one‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA. Notch1 mRNA expression trended toward a significant increase from Pre to 2 days post‐muscle damage from baseline measures (P = 0.087), while Numb (P = 0.804) and Numbl (P = 0.480) expression was unaltered post‐muscle damage. There were no significant differences in protein expression post‐muscle damage for any of the proteins. These results suggest that exercise‐induced muscle damage, via eccentric exercise, slightly elevates Notch1 mRNA expression.
Investigating strong gravitational lensing effects by supermassive black holes with Horndeski gravity
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Islam Shafqat Ul , Ghosh Sushant G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study gravitational lensing in strong-field limit by a static spherically symmetric black hole in quartic scalar field Horndeski gravity having additional hair parameter q, evading the no-hair theorem. We find an increase in the deflection angle $$\alpha _D$$

α
D

, photon sphere radius $$x_{ps}$$

x

ps

, and angular position $$\theta _{\infty }$$

θ
∞

that increases more quickly while angular separation s more slowly, but the ratio of the flux of the first image to all other images $$r_{mag}$$

r

mag

decreases rapidly with increasing magnitude of the hair q. We also discuss the astrophysical consequences in the supermassive black holes at the centre of several galaxies and note that the black holes in Horndeski gravity can be quantitatively distinguished from the Schwarzschild black hole. Notably, we find that the deviation $$\Delta \theta _{\infty }$$

Δ

θ
∞

of black holes in Horndeski gravity from their general relativity (GR) counterpart, for supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87*, for $$q=-0.2$$

q
=
-
0.2

, respectively, can reach as much as $$2.4227~\mu $$

2.4227

μ

as and $$1.82026~\mu $$

1.82026

μ

as while $$\Delta s$$

Δ
s

is about $$0.04650~\mu $$

0.04650

μ

as for Sgr A* and $$0.03493~\mu $$

0.03493

μ

as for M87*. The ratio of the flux of the first image to all other images suggest that the Schwarzschild images are brighter than those of the black holes in Horndeski gravity, wherein the deviation $$|\Delta r_{mag}|$$

|
Δ

r

mag

|

is as much as 0.70673. The results suggest that observational tests of hairy black holes in Horndeski gravity are indeed feasible. Taking the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87* as the lens, we also compare our hairy Horndeski black holes observable signatures with those of the neutral Horndeski black holes, Galileon black holes and charged Horndeski black holes. It turns out that although it is possible to detect some effects of the strong deflection lensing by the hairy Horndeski black holes and other black holes with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations, but it is unconvincing to discern these black holes as deviations are $${\mathcal {O}}(\mu $$

O
(
μ

as). We also find that the shadow size is consistent with EHT observation if the deviation parameter $$q \in (-0.281979,0)$$

q
∈
(
-
0.281979
,
0
)
Monitoring and Locating Oceanic Sailors Through Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Singh Shailendra Narayan , Kansal Vineet 
Published: May 2022

A systematic oceanographic monitoring and management requires an effective marine tracking system. It helps the localization of different marine assets, their border control and in encountering emergency situations. Thus, a reliable marine tracking system is always required to ensure a safe marine environment for shippers, fishers, sailors and other marine assets. Nowadays due to the evolution in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology, their easy and inexpensive deployment can be seen in different fields such as agriculture, medical, industries and IoT. The implementation of WSN in the marine environment comes with various issues due to the complex behavior of the marine environment and thus affects the reliability of the system. In this paper, a WSN-based marine tracking protocol sailing is presented, which identifies the location of marine assets reliably through the genetic firefly (GEFIR) algorithm. The system comprises sensor nodes, sink nodes, server-client terminals and a base station. The protocol uses the application and contact layers to create a group of beacon nodes (boats) based on the geographical location to conserve energy and increase data reliability. GEFIR algorithm is implemented to give a precise and more convenient data to the WSN for the mariners. The results show a better performance for latency calculation through the WSN- and GEFIR-based sailing protocol. The system generates the alert to nodes (sailors) in case they are moving out from a specified region and sends their location for further communication.
Semi-stable deformation rings in even Hodge–Tate weights: The residually reducible case
Authors: Lee Wan , Park Chol 
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime number and [Formula: see text] a positive even integer less than [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we find the strongly divisible modules corresponding to the Galois stable lattices in each 2-dimensional semi-stable non-crystalline representation of [Formula: see text] with Hodge–Tate weights [Formula: see text] whose mod-[Formula: see text] reductions are corresponding to nontrivial extensions of two distinct characters. We use these results to construct the irreducible components of the semi-stable deformation rings in Hodge–Tate weights [Formula: see text] of the non-split reducible residual representations of [Formula: see text].
On the λ-stability of p-class groups along cyclic p-towers of a number field
Authors: Gras Georges 
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a number field, [Formula: see text] a prime and [Formula: see text] a set of finite places of [Formula: see text]. We call [Formula: see text] a totally [Formula: see text]-ramified cyclic [Formula: see text]-tower if [Formula: see text] and if [Formula: see text] is totally ramified. Using analogues of Chevalley’s formula [G. Gras, Invariant generalized ideal classes—Structure theorems for p-class groups in p-extensions, Proc. Math. Sci. 127(1) (2017) 1–34], we give an elementary proof of a stability theorem (Theorem 3.1) for generalized [Formula: see text]-class groups [Formula: see text] of the layers [Formula: see text]: let [Formula: see text] given in Definition 1.1 ([Formula: see text] for ordinary class groups); then [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], if and only if [Formula: see text]. This improves the case [Formula: see text] of [T. Fukuda, Remarks on [Formula: see text]-extensions of number fields, Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A 70(8) (1994) 264–266; J. Li, Y. Ouyang, Y. Xu and S. Zhang, l-Class groups of fields in Kummer towers, Publ. Mat. 66(1) (2022) 235–267; Y. Mizusawa, K. Yamamoto, On [Formula: see text]-class groups of relative cyclic [Formula: see text]-extensions, Arch. Math. 117(3) (2021) 253–260] whose techniques are based on Iwasawa’s theory or Galois theory of pro-[Formula: see text]-groups. We deduce promising capitulation properties of [Formula: see text] in the tower giving Conjecture 4.1. Finally, we apply our principles to the torsion groups [Formula: see text] of abelian [Formula: see text]-ramification theory. Numerical examples are given with PARI programs.
Study of the Mechanical Properties of a CMDB Propellant Over a Wide Range of Strain Rates Using a Group Interaction Model
Authors: Xie Kan , Chen Xiaoxu , Li Yuejie , Bai Long , Wang Ningfei , Zhang Yiming , Xiao Haiyan 
Published: May 2022

Composite modified double base (CMDB) propellants are heterogeneous propellants in which properties are significantly improved by adding solid particles into the polymer matrix. A molecular group interaction model that can predict the mechanical properties of polymers through a molecular structure is used to predict the viscoelastic behavior of the CMDB propellant. Considering that the addition of solid particles will improve the crosslinking degree between polymer molecules and reduce its secondary loss peak, the input parameters of the model are modified through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experimental data. By introducing the strain rate into the expression of model glass transition temperature, the mechanical properties of propellant over a wide strain range (

1.7
×

10

−
4

s-1 ~ 3000 s-1) are obtained. The reliability of the model is verified by comparison with uniaxial compression test data. By modifying the input parameters of the model, the effects of different mass ratios of nitrocellulose (NC)/nitroglycerin (NG) on the mechanical properties of the CMDB propellant were analyzed. The results show that the glass transition loss increases with increasing mass ratio of NC/NG, while Young’s modulus and yield stress decrease.
A N7-Methylguanine-Related Gene Signature Applicable for the Prognosis and Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mei Wangli , Jia Xuyang , Xin Shiyong , Liu Xiang , Jin Liang , Sun Xianchao , Zhang Jia-Xin , Zhang Bihui , Yang Guosheng , Chen Ping , Ye Lin 
Published: May 2022

Background. Despite the constant iteration of small-molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, PRAD (prostate adenocarcinoma) patients with distant metastases and biochemical recurrence maintain a poor survival outcome along with an increasing morbidity in recent years. N7-Methylguanine, a new-found type of RNA modification, has demonstrated an essential role in tumor progression but has hardly been studied for its effect on prostate carcinoma. The current study aimed to seek m7G (N7-methylguanosine) related prognostic biomarkers and potential targets for PRAD treatment. Methods. 42 genes related to m7G were collected from former literatures and GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) website. Then, RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) and clinical data from TCGA-PRAD (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Prostate) cohort were retrieved to screen the differentially expressed m7G genes to further construct a multivariate Cox prognostic model for PRAD. Next, GSE116918, a prostate cancer cohort acquired from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database, was analyzed for the external validation group to assess the ability to predict BFFS (biochemical failure-free survival) of our m7G prognostic signature. Kaplan-Meier, ROC (receiver operator characteristic), AUC (areas under ROC curve), and calibration curves were adopted to display the performance of this prognostic signature. In addition, immune infiltration analysis was implemented to evaluate the effect of these m7G genes on immunoinfiltrating cells. Correlation with drug susceptibility of the m7G signature was also analyzed by matching drug information in CellMiner database. Results. The m7G-related prognostic signature, including three genes (EIF3D, EIF4A1, LARP1) illustrated superior prognostic ability for PRAD in both training and validation cohorts. The 5-year AUC were 0.768 for TCGA-PRAD and 0.608 for GSE116918. It can well distinguish patients into different risk groups of biochemical recurrence (

p

=1e-04 for TCGA-PRAD and

p

=0.0186 for GSE116918). Immune infiltration analysis suggested potential regulation of m7G genes on neutrophils and dendritic cells in PRAD. Conclusions. A m7G-related prognostic signature was constructed and validated in the current study, giving new sights of m7G methylation in predicting the prognostic and improving the treatment of PRAD.
The Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of Left Atrial Pulmonary Vein Single-Phase and Dual-Phase Enhanced CT Scanning for Left Atrial Appendage Thrombosis and SEC in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Guo Tianjiao , Dong Yapeng , Yu Shujing 
Published: May 2022

Objective. The accuracy of left atrial pulmonary vein CT enhanced single-phase and dual-phase scanning in the detection of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis and spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) before radio frequency ablation was compared in atrial fibrillation patients, so as to optimize the scanning scheme. Methods. 78 patients with atrial fibrillation who were admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021 and underwent bilateral enhanced CT scan of left atrial pulmonary vein and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination for planned frequency ablation were selected. TEE results were used as the “gold standard” to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the first phase, second phase, and double-phase comprehensive mode of enhanced left atrial pulmonary vein CT in detecting left atrial thrombosis and SEC. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 88.9%, 84.1%, 42.1%, and 98.3%, respectively, in the detection of left atrial thrombosis and SEC by the first phase of CT enhanced scan. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 22.2%, 98.6%, 66.6%, and 90.7%, respectively, in the detection of left atrial thrombosis and SEC by the second phase of CT enhanced scan. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 88.9%, 84.1%, 42.1%, and 98.3%, respectively, in the detection of left atrial thrombosis and SEC by the double-phase comprehensive mode of CT enhanced scan. There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of CT diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombosis and SEC between the three modes of the first phase, the second phase, and the double-phase comprehensive CT (

P
>
0.05

). The mean effective radiation dose of double-phase enhanced scan was

7.49
±
1.02

mSv. Conclusion. Single-phase enhanced CT scan of left atrial pulmonary vein can meet clinical requirements and significantly reduce the radiation dose compared with double-phase enhanced CT scan. Therefore, it is recommended as an initial screening examination for patients with atrial fibrillation before radiofrequency ablation.
ATF1/miR-214-5p/ITGA7 axis promotes osteoclastogenesis to alter OVX-induced bone absorption
Authors: Liu Lu-Lin , Xiao Yao-Sheng , Huang Wei-Min , Liu Sheng , Huang Li-Xing , Zhong Jing-Hua , Jia Peng , Liu Wu-Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe dynamic balance of osteoblast and osteoclast is critical for bone homeostasis and overactive osteoclastic function may lead to osteoporosis. Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) is involved in osteoclastogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be explored.MethodsRAW264.7 cells were used and induced toward osteoclast by RANKL administration. We performed flow cytometry, CCK-8 assay and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining to examine cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Mice were subjected to ovariectomy to induce osteoporosis. Micro CT, HE staining and TRAP staining were performed to evaluate bone loss in the OVX mouse model. Bioinformatics methods, luciferase assays and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to predict and validate the interaction among ATF1, miR-214-5p, and ITGA7.ResultsATF1 and miR-214-5p were up-regulated while ITGA7 was inhibited in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. MiR-214-5p was transcriptionally activated by ATF1. ATF1 knockdown suppressed osteoclast formation by miR-214-5p inhibition. ITGA7 was the direct target of miR-214-5p. Knockdown of miR-214-5p abolished osteoclastogenesis, which was reversed by ITGA7 knockdown. In OVX model, miR-214-5p knockdown suppressed osteoclast differentiation and prevented bone loss.ConclusionATF1/miR-214-5p/ITGA7 axis regulated osteoclast formation both in vivo and in vitro, thereby affecting OVX-induced bone resorption in mice. Knockdown of ATF1 might be a promising strategy to manage osteoporosis.
2D-DIGE based proteome analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium 7XL/7DS translocation line under drought stress
Authors: Lu Fengkun , Duan Wenjing , Cui Yue , Zhang Junwei , Zhu Dong , Zhang Ming , Yan Yueming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDrought stress is the most limiting factor for plant growth and crop production worldwide. As a major cereal crop, wheat is susceptible to drought. Thus, discovering and utilizing drought-tolerant gene resources from related species are highly important for improving wheat drought resistance. In this study, the drought tolerance of wheat Zhongmai 8601-Thinopyrum intermedium7XL/7DS translocation line YW642 was estimated under drought stress, and then two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) based proteome analysis of the developing grains was performed to uncover the drought-resistant proteins.ResultsThe results showed that 7XL/7DS translocation possessed a better drought-tolerance compared to Zhongmai 8601. 2D-DIGE identified 146 differential accumulation protein (DAP) spots corresponding to 113 unique proteins during five grain developmental stages of YW642 under drought stress. Among them, 55 DAP spots corresponding to 48 unique proteins displayed an upregulated expression, which were mainly involved in stress/defense, energy metabolism, starch metabolism, protein metabolism/folding and transport. Thecis-actingelement analysis revealed that abundant stress-related elements were present in the promoter regions of the drought-responsive protein genes, which could play important roles in drought defense. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that some regulated DAP genes also showed a high expression level in response to drought stress.ConclusionsOur results indicated that Wheat-Th. intermedium7XL/7DS translocation line carried abundant drought-resistant proteins that had potential application values for wheat drought tolerance improvement.