bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallium Nitride‐based Materials as Promising Catalysts for CO2 Reduction: A DFT Study on the Effect of CO2 Coverage and the Incorporation of Mg Doping or Substitutional In
Authors: Ritacco Ida , Farnesi Camellone Matteo , Caporaso Lucia , Detz Hermann , Butera Valeria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCatalytic CO2 conversion to fuels and chemicals is important for mitigating the climate change and reducing the dependence on fossil resources. In order to achieve this goal on a large industrial level, effective catalysts need to be developed. Among them, gallium nitride (GaN) and related Mg‐doped and In‐alloyed systems have been proven as efficient materials for the reduction of highly stable CO2 molecules. This work presents a density functional theory (DFT) investigation, performing periodic boundary condition (PBC) calculations which allow to employ a more extended surface for a detailed analysis of the CO2 coverage, and the effect of Mg doping and In alloying on the CO2 adsorption and its conversion to CO. The results show the great potential of GaN(100) surfaces to simultaneously bind and strongly activate multiple CO2 molecules, which is a crucial aspect for an efficient CO2 conversion process. Moreover, the presence of Mg‐dopant on the top layer is found to be more beneficial for the CO2 adsorption and activation with respect to both the pristine and In‐alloyed system, and this effect is further improved by the inclusion of a second impurity on the top layer. In line with the previous experimental findings, these calculations support the potential of pristine GaN(100) to catalyze the CO2‐to‐CO reduction. The results presented here offer crucial information for the development of more efficient and selective catalysts for the CO2 reduction.
Novel extensional device to efficiently form fine oil‐in‐water food emulsions
Authors: Song Daoyun , Agarwal Sushant , Casasnovas Johnny , Padmanabhan Mahesh , Gupta Rakesh K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo immiscible liquids are commonly mixed by mechanically dispersing one into the other to form emulsions. Surfactants or emulsifiers confer stability. Mechanical mixing, in practice, is an energy‐intensive shear flow that is ineffective when the ratio of the dispersed‐phase viscosity to the continuous‐phase viscosity exceeds about four. Extensional flows are not subject to this viscosity ratio limit. This superiority of extensional flow was exploited to fabricate a novel, continuous‐flow, cone‐shaped device with an extensional strain of eight to make fine soybean oil‐in‐water emulsions. A spherical insert having a wall clearance of 25 μm was an effective design factor. Starting with ‘coarse’ 50 wt.% oil emulsions, two stretching episodes were needed for size reduction. The temperature rise was negligible, and the results were independent of the emulsifier type employed. Increasing flow rate and stretching episodes, reducing wall clearance, enhancing emulsifier concentration, and multiple passes through the device gave progressively smaller drops; the volume‐averaged diameter became less than 2 μm, and the number‐averaged diameter reached 0.5 μm, narrowing the size distribution. The emulsions that formed had a high viscosity and were stable. The performance of a scaled‐up device was compared with other mixers. At equivalent energy density and 50 wt.% oil, drop sizes were similar for a valve homogenizer but larger for a rotor‐stator mixer. At 80 wt.% oil, the rotor stator‐mixer again required more energy for the same drop size, but emulsions prepared with the valve homogenizer broke. The findings of this study can help to design industrial‐scale energy‐efficient extensional‐flow dominant devices for the formation of food emulsions.
Progress and prospect on the recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries: Ending is beginning
Authors: Yang Jia‐Lin , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Ma Ming‐Yang , Liu Yan , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe new energy vehicle market has grown rapidly due to the promotion of electric vehicles. Considering the average effective lives and calendar lives of power batteries, the world is gradually ushering in the retirement peak of spent lithium‐ion batteries (SLIBs). Without proper disposal, such a large number of SLIBs can be grievous waste of resources and serious pollution for the environment. This review provides a systematic overview of current solutions for SLIBs recycling, ranging from battery failure assessment, disassembly, and component separation to derived material recovery and reuse. In this review, several pretreatment methods for SLIBs are introduced. Subsequently, novel recovery and reuse processes are discussed to develop sustainable and efficient recycling processes. Finally, different scientific approaches are investigated, aiming at promoting the transformation of the SLIBs recycling industry to a circular economy. Based on this review, it is possible to improve existing processes or develop sustainable environmentally friendly and efficient alternative processes for recycling end‐of‐life batteries.
Maternal obesity and resistance to breast cancer treatments among offspring: Link to gut dysbiosis
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Fabia , Verma Vivek , Hilakivi‐Clarke Leena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbout 50 000 new cases of cancer in the United States are attributed to obesity. The adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer may be most profound when affecting the early development; that is, in the womb of a pregnant obese mother. Maternal obesity has several long‐lasting adverse health effects on the offspring, including increasing offspring's breast cancer risk and mortality. Gut microbiota is a player in obesity as well as may impact breast carcinogenesis. Gut microbiota is established early in life and the microbial composition of an infant's gut becomes permanently dysregulated because of maternal obesity. Metabolites from the microbiota, especially short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), play a critical role in mediating the effect of gut bacteria on multiple biological functions, such as immune system, including tumor immune responses.Recent FindingsMaternal obesity can pre‐program daughter's breast cancer to be more aggressive, less responsive to treatments and consequently more likely to cause breast cancer related death. Maternal obesity may also induce poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICB) therapy through increased abundance of inflammation associated microbiome and decreased abundance of bacteria that are linked to production of SCFAs. Dietary interventions that increase the abundance of bacteria producing SCFAs potentially reverses offspring's resistance to breast cancer therapy.ConclusionSince immunotherapies have emerged as highly effective treatments for many cancers, albeit there is an urgent need to enlarge the patient population who will be responsive to these treatments. One of the factors which may cause ICB refractoriness could be maternal obesity, based on its effects on the microbiota markers of ICB therapy response among the offspring. Since about 40% of children are born to obese mothers in the Western societies, it is important to determine if maternal obesity impairs offspring's response to cancer immunotherapies.
Prognostic correlation of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations with chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Sadria Reza , Motamed Nasrin , Saberi Anvar Mohammad , Mehrabani Yeganeh Hassan , Poopak Behzad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a monoclonal malignancy of B lymphocytes. Since common mutations in NOTCH1 and SF3B1, along with other possible chromosomal alterations, change disease severity and survival of patients with CLL, we aimed to evaluate the correlation of common mutations in NOTCH1 and SF3B1 as the poor prognostic markers with chromosomal abnormalities and clinical hematology.MethodThis retrospective study was performed on the peripheral blood of 51 patients diagnosed before chemotherapy with CLL. G‐banding karyotype and FISH were performed. For NOTCH1, exon 34 and for SF3B1, exons 14,15,16 were assessed using Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe mutation frequency of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 with the pathogenic clinical status was 6:51 (11.76%), and variants obtained from both genes were 9:51 (17.64%). The frequency of SF3B1 mutation (K666E) was higher than in previous studies (p‐value <.05). There was a significant correlation between NOTCH1 mutations and del17p13 (p‐value = .068), also SF3B1 mutations with del11q22 (p‐value = .095) and del13q14 (p‐value = .066). Up to 90% of the specific stimuli used for the G‐banding karyotype successfully identified the malignant clone. There was a significant relationship between the cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) expression level and NOTCH1 mutations (p‐value = .019) and a significant correlation between Binet classification and the SF3B1 (p‐value = .096).ConclusionThe correlation of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations with chromosomal abnormalities and CD38 expression may reveal the overall patient's survival rate. The mutations may be effective in the clonal expansion and progression of CLL, particularly in the diagnosis stage, as well as the control and management of the treatment.
Enhanced Elman spike neural network based intrusion attack detection in software defined Internet of Things network
Authors: Ravi Kiran Varma P. , R R Sathiya , Vanitha M. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn this article, enhanced Elman spike neural network based intrusion attack detection in software defined IoT network is proposed. Initially, the data's are taken from CICDDoS 2019 and CICIDS 2018 benchmark datasets. Software defined network (SDN) secure defense system is detected the intrusion and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on central controllers using multidimensional internet protocol (IP) flow analysis. Here, the enhanced Elman spike neural network (EESNN) classifies DDoS and intrusion attacks as normal and anomaly. The proposed EESNN‐IAD‐SDN method is executed in python language. The performance metrics, such as accuracy, specificity, F‐measure, sensitivity, precision, recall is examined. The proposed EESNN‐IAD‐SDN method provides 13.93%, 13.26%, 14.35, and 13.73% higher accuracy in CICDDoS 2019 dataset compared with the existing methods, like GRU‐IAD‐SDN, LSTM‐IAD‐SDN, and GAN‐IAD‐SDN, respectively.
A quintuple phase shift modulation scheme in multilevel dual active bridge converter for battery energy storage system
Authors: Bheemraj T. S. , Karthikeyan V. , Kumaravel S. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryGenerally, the dual active bridge (DAB) bidirectional DC‐DC converter suffers from harmonics in the high‐frequency link (HFL) conversion stage while operating under any modulation scheme. This paper proposes a quintuple phase shift (QPS) modulation scheme to suppress the harmonics under the whole operating range. A bidirectional auxiliary switch in the low voltage bridge produces a five‐level output, which alleviates harmonic components of HFL current. The total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis is done for various operating conditions and is compared with the conventional modulation scheme, such as single phase shift and dual phase shift. The THD can be reduced in the entire power transmission for the proposed modulation scheme by defining the suitable phase shift ratios. Also, the power flow analysis under QPS modulation is reported in this paper. To validate the proposed approach's theoretical performance, simulation results are obtained under different operating conditions and verified with experimental results. The QPS modulation is implemented using the Spartan 3AN FPGA processor.
Validation of Danish registry‐cases of type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth using a clinical cohort as gold standard
Authors: Gundersen Tina Wullum , Ebbehoj Andreas , Knorr Sine , Jensen Dorte Møller , Damm Peter , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Thomsen Reimar W. , Clausen Tine Dalsgaard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to validate type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth in the Danish national registries against a clinical cohort of confirmed cases (the Danish Diabetes Birth Registry [DDBR] cohort).MethodsNational registries including diagnosis codes, redeemed prescriptions and background data were combined. Three main algorithms were constructed to define type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth: (1) Any diabetes diagnosis registered before delivery and before age of 30, (2) a specific type 1 diabetes diagnosis registered before delivery regardless of maternal age and (3) a ‘preexisting type 1 diabetes in pregnancy’ diagnosis registered before delivery. In additional sub‐algorithms, we added information on anti‐diabetic medicine and gestational diabetes diagnosis. We calculated positive predictive value (PPV) and completeness using the DDBR cohort as gold standard. Since DDBR included between 75 and 93% of women with confirmed type 1 diabetes giving live birth, we used quantitative bias analysis to assess the potential impact of missing data on PPV and completeness.ResultsMain algorithm 2 had the highest PPV (77.4%) and shared the highest completeness (92.4%) with main algorithm 1. Information on anti‐diabetic medicine and gestational diabetes increased PPV, on expense of completeness. All algorithms varied with PPV between 65.7 and 87.6% and completeness between 73.6 and 92.4%. The quantitative bias analysis indicated that PPV was underestimated, and completeness overestimated for all algorithms. For algorithm 2, corrected PPV was between 82.1 and 94.6% and corrected completeness between 84.7 and 91.2%.ConclusionsThe Danish national registries can identify type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth with a reasonably high accuracy. The registries are a valuable source for future comparative outcome studies and may also be suitable for monitoring prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth.
The presence of a chromosomal abnormality in cytopenia without dysplasia identifies a category of high‐risk clonal cytopenia of unknown significance
Authors: Brett Victor‐Emmanuel , Lechevalier Nicolas , Trimoreau Franck , Dussiau Charles , Dimicoli‐Salazar Sophie , Coster Lucie , Luquet Isabelle , Nadal Nathalie , Ribourtout Bénédicte , Chapiro Elise , Lefebvre Christine , Tondeur Sylvie , Balducci Estelle , Nguyen‐Khac Florence , Borie Claire , Radford‐Weiss Isabelle , Barin Carole , Eclache Virginie , Mansier Olivier , Bidet Audrey ,   the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH)
Published: November 2022

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematological malignancies classically defined by the presence of cytopenia(s) and dysmorphic myeloid cells. It is now known that MDS can be preceded by a pre‐malignant condition called clonal cytopenia of unknown significance (CCUS), which associates a clonality marker with cytopenia in the absence of criteria of dysplasia. However, to date, it is not clear whether chromosomal abnormalities should be considered in the definition of CCUS or if they carry a prognostic impact in CCUS patients. In this study, we analyzed the clinico‐biological features and outcomes of 34 patients who presented with one or more cytopenias, an absence of significant dysplasia, and a presence of a chromosomal abnormality (CA). We named this entity chromosomal abnormality with cytopenia of undetermined significance (CACtUS). We show that these patients are slightly older than MDS patients and that they more frequently presented with normocytic anemia. Most CACtUS patients exhibited only one unbalanced CA. The number and type of mutations were comparable between CACtUS patients and MDS patients. Regardless of the cytogenetic abnormality, the clinicobiological characteristics, overall survival, and risk of progression to high‐risk (HR) MDS were similar between CACtUS patients and low‐risk MDS patients. Thus, we suggest that CACtUS patients can be considered as HR‐CCUS and should receive the follow‐up regimen recommended for MDS patients.
Social networks and skilled health worker migration in Nigeria: An ego network analysis
Authors: Yakubu Kenneth , Blacklock Claire , Adebayo Kudus Oluwatoyin , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina , Mondal Shinjini 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNigeria provides a good case study for researchers, activists, and governments seeking to understand how social networks can help mitigate the negative impact of skilled health worker (SHW) migration in low and middle‐income countries. This study aimed to map the social networks of SHWs and explore how they influence migration intentions.MethodsWe combined semi‐structured qualitative interviews with an ego‐network analysis of 22 SHWs living in Nigeria, used R‐Studio to display and visualise their networks, and NVivo for thematic analysis of transcribed interviews.ResultsThe network size and frequency of interaction were smaller among SHWs seeking to remain in Nigeria, however when compared to SHWs seeking to migrate, they had ties with a diverse group of stakeholders interested in improving health services. The influence of social networks on SHW migration intentions was observed within the following themes: access to information on migration opportunities, modelling of migration behaviour, support for decision making, and opportunities for policy engagement.ConclusionThe social networks of SHWs can aid the diffusion of norms that are relevant for improving SHW migration governance. Through their social networks, SHWs can improve awareness of the challenges associated with SHW migration among state actors and the public.
Current situation of shared decision making in osteoporosis: A comprehensive literature review of patient decision aids and decision drivers
Authors: Nogués Xavier , Carbonell María Cristina , Canals Laura , Lizán Luis , Palacios Santiago 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissues, resulting in bone fragility and increased fracture risk. It is the most common bone‐related disease in the population. However, the proportion of patients who start treatment but discontinue it during the first year is very high (around 50%). Endeavors are made to promote patient participation in treatment by implementing patient decision aids (PDA), whose function is to help the patient make disease‐related decisions. We aim to summarize the characteristics of the currently available PDA for osteoporosis, as well as deciding factors.MethodsComprehensive review of the literature.ResultsCurrently, eleven PDAs can be found for osteoporosis. These PDA have different characteristics or options such as information about treatments tailored to patient needs, graphic information of the results (to facilitate understanding), personal histories (learning), tests to check the knowledge acquired, provision of evidence, clinical practice guidelines or a final summary to share with their doctor. Only five of these PDAs can be considered complete since they provide relevant disease information and therapeutic options to the patient, promote patient's reflection and foment patient‐physician discussion.ConclusionsThis study provides an update on the current state of decision making on osteoporosis and available PDA, which can help engage the patient through shared decision‐making by considering, among other things, patient preferences. Physicians should consider PDA, as it may promote adherence and effectiveness of treatment.
Effect of BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccination on VO2max in recreational athletes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Miljoen Hielko , Bekhuis Youri , Roeykens Johan , Taha Karim , Frankinouille Rudi , Michielsen Matthijs , Van de Heyning Caroline M. , Cornelissen Véronique , Favere Kasper , Eens Sander , Gielen Jan , Goetschalckx Kaatje , Heidbuchel Hein , Claessen Guido ,   Covivax Study Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe goal of the present study was to systematically evaluate the effect of a booster vaccination with the BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA; Pfizer‐BioNTech®) vaccine on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), potential signs of (peri)myocarditis, and sports participation.MethodsRecreational athletes who were scheduled to undergo booster vaccination were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography, serum measurements of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein(hsCRP) and high‐sensitivity troponin I, and a bicycle cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with serum lactate evaluation before the booster vaccine administration. Seven days postvaccination the test battery was repeated. Additionally, the subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire on side effects and a subjective evaluation of their relative training volume and intensity as compared to the weeks before vaccination.ResultsA group of 42 analysed athletes showed a statistically significant 2.7% decrease in VO2max after vaccination (mean standard error of mean pre: 48.6 (1.4) ml/kg/min; post: 47.3 (1.4) ml/kg/min; p = 0.004). A potentially clinically relevant decrease of 8.6% or more occurred in 8 (19%) athletes. Other CPET parameters and lactate curves were comparable. We found no serological or echocardiographic evidence of (peri)myocarditis. A slight but significant increase in hsCRP was noted 1 week after vaccination. Side effects were mild and sports participation was generally unchanged or mildly decreased after vaccination.ConclusionIn our population of recreational endurance athletes, booster vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine resulted in a statistically significant decrease in VO2max 7 days after vaccination. The clinical impact hereof needs to be further determined. No major adverse events were observed.
Perceived barriers to the implementation of social distancing in the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran during 2020–2021: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gilavand Abdolreza , Webster Craig S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThis research has been on the effective role of social distancing in preventing the spread of COVID‐19 and the obstacles to its implementation. The results of this research can highlight the major barriers to distancing and suggest appropriate solutions to remove them.MethodsWe conducted this cross‐sectional study during 2020–2021 among 277 faculty members, students of medical universities and ordinary people of Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. We included them in this study by sampling at convenience. The data collection tool was a researcher‐constructed questionnaire that we distributed among the statistical sample through social networks (WhatsApp and Telegram).ResultsMean ± SD = economic barriers 4.49 (0.65), cultural barriers 4.48 (0.70), social barriers 4.40 (0.61), political barriers 4.28 (0.64), educational barriers in universities and schools 4.27 (0.53) and Educational barriers at societal level 3.82 (1.08) were the self‐reported obstacles (perceived) to social distancing during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Comparison of occupational groups with faculty members showed that only scores of academic barriers have a significant difference between occupational groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe role of economic barriers, cultural barriers and social barriers in social distancing was very prominent. One of our remarkable results was that there is adequate training for people on the proper implementation of the principles of social distance in the prevention of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The responsibility of all members of society to observe social distancing as a moral and even legal duty can be the first step to protect the health of citizens against COVID‐19. We can, therefore, use some planned interventions. This must be within the framework of economic, cultural, social and political structures of society.