bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A counterexample concerning the relation between decoupling constants and UMD-constants
Authors: Geiss Stefan 
Published: July 2002

For Banach spaces

X
X

and

Y
Y

and a bounded linear operator

T
:
X
→
Y

T:X \rightarrow Y

we let

ρ
(
T
)
:=
inf
c

\rho (T):=\inf c

such that
\[

(
A

V

θ
l

=
±
1

‖

∑

l
=
1

∞

θ
l

(

∑

k
=

τ

l
−
1

+
1

τ
l

h
k

T

x
k

)

‖

L
2
Y

2

)

1
2

≤
c

‖

∑

k
=
1

∞

h
k

x
k

‖

L
2
X

\left ( AV_{\theta _l = \pm 1} \left \|\sum \limits _{l=1}^\infty \theta _l \left ( \sum \limits _{k=\tau _{l-1}+1}^{\tau _l} h_k T x_k \right )\right \|_{L_2^Y}^2 \right )^{\frac {1}{2}} \le c \left \| \sum \limits _{k=1}^\infty h_k x_k \right \| _{L_2^X}

\]
for all finitely supported

(

x
k

)

k
=
1

∞

⊂
X

(x_k)_{k=1}^\infty \subset X

and all

0
=

τ
0

>

τ
1

>
⋯

0 = \tau _0 > \tau _1 > \cdots

, where

(

h
k

)

k
=
1

∞

⊂

L
1

[
0
,
1
)

(h_k)_{k=1}^\infty \subset L_1[0,1)

is the sequence of Haar functions. We construct an operator

T
:
X
→
X

T:X \rightarrow X

, where

X
X

is superreflexive and of type 2, with

ρ
(
T
)
>
∞

\rho (T)>\infty

such that there is no constant

c
>
0

c>0

with
\[

sup

θ
k

=
±
1

‖

∑

k
=
1

∞

θ
k

h
k

T

x
k

‖

L
2
X

≤
c

‖

∑

k
=
1

∞

h
k

x
k

‖

L
2
X

.

\sup _{\theta _k = \pm 1} \left \| \sum \limits _{k=1}^\infty \theta _k h_k T x_k \right \| _{L_2^X} \le c \left \| \sum \limits _{k=1}^\infty h_k x_k \right \| _{L_2^X}.

\]

In particular it turns out that the decoupling constants

ρ
(

I
X

)

\rho (I_X)

, where

I
X

I_X

is the identity of a Banach space

X
X

, fail to be equivalent up to absolute multiplicative constants to the usual

UMD
\operatorname {UMD}

–constants. As a by-product we extend the characterization of the non–superreflexive Banach spaces by the finite tree property using lower 2–estimates of sums of martingale differences.
Density doubling, double-circulants, and new sphere packings
Authors: Vardy Alexander 
Published: July 2002

New nonlattice sphere packings in dimensions 20, 22, and 44–47 that are denser than the best previously known sphere packings were recently discovered. We extend these results, showing that the density of many sphere packings in dimensions just below a power of 2 can be doubled using orthogonal binary codes. This produces new dense sphere packings in

R

n

\mathbb R^n

for

n
=
25
,
26
,
…
,
31

n = 25,26,\dots ,31

and

55
,
56
,
…
,
63

55,56,\dots ,63

. For

n
=
27
,
28
,
29
,
30

n = 27,28,29,30

the resulting packings are denser than any packing previously known.
Conical limit set and Poincaré exponent for iterations of rational functions
Authors: Przytycki Feliks 
Published: July 2002

We contribute to the dictionary between action of Kleinian groups and iteration of rational functions on the Riemann sphere. We define the Poincaré exponentδ(f,z)=inf{α≥0:P(z,α)≤0}\delta (f,z)=\inf \{ \alpha \ge 0: \mathcal {P}(z, \alpha ) \le 0\}, whereP(z,α):=lim supn→∞1nlog⁡∑fn(x)=z|(fn)′(x)|−α.\begin{equation*} \mathcal {P}(z, \alpha ):=\limsup _{n\to \infty }{1\over n}\log \sum _{f^n(x)=z} |(f^n)’(x)|^{- \alpha }. \end{equation*}We prove thatδ(f,z)\delta (f,z)andP(z,α)\mathcal {P}(z, \alpha )do not depend onzz, providedzzis non-exceptional.P\mathcal {P}plays the role of pressure; we prove that it coincides with the Denker-Urbański pressure ifα≤δ(f)\alpha \le \delta (f). Various notions of “conical limit set" are considered. They all have Hausdorff dimension equal toδ(f)\delta (f)which is equal to the hyperbolic dimension of the Julia set and also equal to the exponent of some conformal Patterson-Sullivan measures. In an Appendix we also discuss notions of “conical limit set" introduced recently by Urbański and by Lyubich and Minsky.
Multivariate matrix refinable functions with arbitrary matrix dilation
Authors: Jiang Qingtang 
Published: July 2002

Characterizations of the stability and orthonormality of a multivariate matrix refinable function

P

h
i

\mathbf {P}hi

with arbitrary matrix dilation

M
M

are provided in terms of the eigenvalue and

1
1

-eigenvector properties of the restricted transition operator. Under mild conditions, it is shown that the approximation order of

Φ
\Phi

is equivalent to the order of the vanishing moment conditions of the matrix refinement mask

{

P

α

}

\{\mathbf {P}_{\alpha }\}

. The restricted transition operator associated with the matrix refinement mask

{

P

α

}

\{\mathbf {P}_{\alpha }\}

is represented by a finite matrix

(

A

M
i
−
j

)

i
,
j

({\mathcal A} _{Mi-j})_{i, j}

, with

A

j

=

|

det
⁡
(
M
)

|

−
1

∑

κ

P

κ
−
j

⊗

P

κ

{\mathcal A} _j=|\operatorname {det}(M)|^{-1}\sum _{\kappa }\mathbf {P} _{\kappa -j}\otimes \mathbf {P}_{\kappa }

and

P

κ
−
j

⊗

P

κ

\mathbf {P} _{\kappa -j}\otimes \mathbf {P}_{\kappa }

being the Kronecker product of matrices

P

κ
−
j

\mathbf {P} _{\kappa -j}

and

P

κ

\mathbf {P}_{\kappa }

. The spectral properties of the transition operator are studied. The Sobolev regularity estimate of a matrix refinable function

Φ
\Phi

is given in terms of the spectral radius of the restricted transition operator to an invariant subspace. This estimate is analyzed in an example.
Maternal Glucose Concentration Influences Fetal Growth, Gestation, and Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Scholl Theresa O. , Sowers MaryFran , Chen Xinhua , Lenders Carine 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Using 1990–1995 data, the authors examined the influence of post-challenge maternal glucose concentration on pregnancy outcome in 1,157 nondiabetic US gravidas. After control for potential confounding variables and comparing gravidas with lower glucose concentrations (<99 mg/dl) with the others, they found that mean birth weight increased by 50 g and 200 g with glucose concentrations of 99–130 mg/dl and >130 mg/dl, respectively. Increased maternal glucose concentration also was associated with an increased risk of large-for-gestation fetuses (p for trend < 0.001) and a decreased risk of fetal growth restriction (p for trend < 0.05). The association between glucose and gestation was inverse and significantly shortened when glucose concentrations were higher. Maternal complications increased twofold or more with high glucose concentrations and included cesarean section and clinical chorioamnionitis. Chorioamnionitis in combination with high maternal glucose concentration increased the risk of very preterm delivery almost 12-fold. These observations extend Pedersen's hypothesis—that high concentrations of maternal glucose give rise to increased nutrient transfer to the fetus and increase fetal growth, beyond the model of maternal diabetes (Acta Endocrinol 1954;16:330–42). They raise the question of whether higher, but seemingly normal maternal glucose concentration predisposes to or is a marker for placental inflammation and infection.
Automated analysis of interatomic contacts in proteins.
Authors: Sobolev V , Sorokine A , Prilusky J , Abola E E , Edelman M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: New software has been designed to assist the molecular biologist in understanding the structural consequences of modifying a ligand and/or protein. RESULTS: Tools are described for the analysis of ligand-protein contacts (LPC software) and contacts of structural units (CSU software) such as helices, sheets, strands and residues. Our approach is based on a detailed analysis of interatomic contacts and interface complementarity. For any ligand or structural unit, these software automatically: (i) calculate the solvent-accessible surface of every atom; (ii) determine the contacting residues and type of interaction they undergo (hydrophobic-hydrophobic, aromatic-aromatic, etc.); (iii) indicate all putative hydrogen bonds. LPC software further predicts changes in binding strength following chemical modification of the ligand. AVAILABILITY: Both LPC and CSU can be accessed through the PDB and are integrated in the 3DB Atlas page of all PDB files. For any given file, the tools can also be accessed at http://www.pdb.bnl. gov/pdb-bin/lpc?PDB_ID= and http://www.pdb.bnl. gov/pdb-bin/csu?PDB_ID= with the four-letter PDB code added at the end in each case. Finally, LPC and CSU can be accessed at: http://sgedg.weizmann.ac.il/lpc and http://sgedg.weizmann.ac.il/csu.
LIAN 3.0: detecting linkage disequilibrium in multilocus data
Authors: Haubold Bernhard , Hudson Richard R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: LIAN is a program to test the null hypothesis of linkage equilibrium for multilocus data. LIAN incorporates both a Monte Carlo method as well as a novel algebraic method to carry out the hypothesis test. The program further returns the genetic diversity of the sample and the pairwise distances between its members.
Availability: LIAN can be accessed at http://soft.ice.mpg.de/lian
Contact: haubold@ice.mpg.de
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Partitioning of Tissue Expression Accompanies Multiple Duplications of the Na+/K+ ATPase α Subunit Gene
Authors: Serluca Fabrizio C. , Sidow Arend , Mably John D. , Fishman Mark C. 
Published: July 2002

Vertebrate genomes contain multiple copies of related genes that arose through gene duplication. In the past it has been proposed that these duplicated genes were retained because of acquisition of novel beneficial functions. A more recent model, the duplication-degeneration-complementation hypothesis (DDC), posits that the functions of a single gene may become separately allocated among the duplicated genes, rendering both duplicates essential. Thus far, empirical evidence for this model has been limited to theengrailed and sox family of developmental regulators, and it has been unclear whether it may also apply to ubiquitously expressed genes with essential functions for cell survival. Here we describe the cloning of three zebrafish α subunits of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of this gene family. The predicted amino acid sequences are extremely well conserved among vertebrates. The evolutionary relationships and the map positions of these genes and of other α-like sequences indicate that both tandem and ploidy duplications contributed to the expansion of this gene family in the teleost lineage. The duplications are accompanied by acquisition of clear functional specialization, consistent with the DDC model of genome evolution.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. AY028628, AY028629, and AY028630]
A directed approach to improving the solubility of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase
Authors: Das Debanu , Georgiadis Millie M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOne of the difficulties that can impede structural work on a molecule of interest is limited solubility. Although functionally similar to the human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 reverse transcriptase (HIV‐1 RT), the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV RT) differs both in architecture and solubility properties. Reverse transcriptase is an essential retroviral enzyme that replicates the single‐stranded RNA genome of the retrovirus producing a double‐stranded DNA copy, which is subsequently integrated into the host's genome. We have introduced a single amino acid substitution in the connection domain of an N‐terminally truncated MMLV RT (L435K) that significantly improves the solubility of the enzyme eliminating the need for nonionic detergents in buffering storage solutions. The substituted enzyme retains near wild‐type polymerase activity. An important consequence of the improved solubility of the L435K MMLV RT has been the ability to obtain diffraction quality crystals.
Binding of cations in Bacillus subtilis phosphoribosyldiphosphate synthetase and their role in catalysis
Authors: Eriksen Tine A. , Kadziola Anders , Larsen Sine 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe binding sites for the two cations essential for the catalytic function of 5‐phospho‐d‐ribosyl α‐1‐diphosphate (PRPP) synthases have been identified from the structure of the Bacillus subtilis phosphoribosyldiphosphate synthetase (PRPPsase) with bound Cd2+. The structure determined from X‐ray diffraction data to 2.8‐Å resolution reveals the same hexameric arrangement of the subunits that was observed in the complexes of the enzyme with the activator sulfate and the allosteric inhibitor ADP. Two cation binding sites were localized in each of the two domains of the subunits that compose the hexamer; each domain of the subunit has an associated cation. In addition to the bound Cd2+, the Cd2+‐PRPPsase structure contains a sulfate ion in the regulatory site, a sulfate ion at the ribose‐5‐phosphate binding site, and an AMP moiety at the ATP binding site. Comparison of the Cd2+‐PRPPsase to the structures of the PRPPsase complexed with sulfate and mADP reveals the structural rearrangement induced by the binding of the free cation, which is essential for the initiation of the reaction. The comparison to the cPRPP complex of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase from Escherichia coli, a type I phosphoribosyltransferase, provided information about the binding of PRPP. This strongly indicates that the binding of both substrates must lead to a stabilized conformation of the loop region, which remains unresolved in the known PRPPsase complex structures.
Acneiform Eruption Following Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor Treatment in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Okroglic Léa , Sohier Pierre , Martin Clémence , Lheure Coralie , Franck Nathalie , Honoré Isabelle , Kanaan Reem , Burgel Pierre-Régis , Carlotti Agnès , Dupin Nicolas , Oulès Bénédicte 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceA new treatment for cystic fibrosis combining 3 CFTR modulators—elexacaftor (ELX), tezacaftor (TEZ), and ivacaftor (IVA)—has recently been approved for cystic fibrosis treatment. The cutaneous adverse effects following treatment with this combination are poorly described in the literature.ObjectiveTo describe the clinicopathological features and treatment response of ELX-TEZ-IVA–associated acneiform eruptions in patients with cystic fibrosis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series study was conducted in the Dermatology Department of Cochin Hospital, Paris, France, from July 2021 to June 2022 in collaboration with the Cochin Reference Center for Cystic Fibrosis. Referred patients were examined by senior dermatologists. All patients with cystic fibrosis treated with ELX-TEZ-IVA and referred for an acneiform rash were included.ExposuresTreatment with ELX-TEZ-IVA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOnset of acneiform rash, type of lesions, and degree of severity, as well as treatments initiated and response, were evaluated. When performed, skin biopsies were reviewed.ResultsThis study included 16 patients (11 women [68.7%]) with a median (range) age of 27 (22-38) years. Six patients (37.5%) developed new-onset acneiform rashes, whereas 10 patients (62.5%) had a relapse (5 patients) or worsening (5 patients) of previous acne. The median (range) onset of acneiform rash was 45 (15-150) days. At inclusion, 11 patients (68.7%) had facial hyperseborrhea, 15 patients (93.7%) had noninflammatory lesions, and 14 (87.5%) had inflammatory lesions of seborrheic regions. Four patients (25.0%) had severe acne with deep inflammatory lesions and pitted scars. A specific pathological pattern of necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis was observed in 4 patients. Topical acne treatments, antibiotics, and isotretinoin were used successfully in these patients, resulting in partial or complete remission in 12 patients (85.7% of patients reevaluated).Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series study found that acneiform eruption is an adverse event associated with ELX-TEZ-IVA treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis. Most patients developed mild lesions. However, isotretinoin treatment may be necessary in some patients. The mechanism of ELX-TEZ-IVA–associated acneiform eruption is currently unknown, but the observation of necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis in biopsied patients may guide further exploration.
Clinical Trial Design Challenges and Opportunities for Emerging Treatments for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Kiluk Brian D. , Kleykamp Bethea A. , Comer Sandra D. , Griffiths Roland R. , Huhn Andrew S. , Johnson Matthew W. , Kampman Kyle M. , Pravetoni Marco , Preston Kenzie L. , Vandrey Ryan , Bergeria Cecilia L. , Bogenschutz Michael P. , Brown Randall T. , Dunn Kelly E. , Dworkin Robert H. , Finan Patrick H. , Hendricks Peter S. , Houtsmuller Elisabeth J. , Kosten Thomas R. , Lee Dustin C. , Levin Frances R. , McRae-Clark Aimee , Raison Charles L. , Rasmussen Kurt , Turk Dennis C. , Weiss Roger D. , Strain Eric C. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceNovel treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) are needed to address both the ongoing opioid epidemic and long-standing barriers to existing OUD treatments that target the endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system. The goal of this review is to highlight unique clinical trial design considerations for the study of emerging treatments for OUD that address targets beyond the MOR system. In November 2019, the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership with the US Food and Drug Administration sponsored a meeting to discuss the current evidence regarding potential treatments for OUD, including cannabinoids, psychedelics, sedative-hypnotics, and immunotherapeutics, such as vaccines.ObservationsConsensus recommendations are presented regarding the most critical elements of trial design for the evaluation of novel OUD treatments, such as: (1) stage of treatment that will be targeted (eg, seeking treatment, early abstinence/detoxification, long-term recovery); (2) role of treatment (adjunctive with or independent of existing OUD treatments); (3) primary outcomes informed by patient preferences that assess opioid use (including changes in patterns of use), treatment retention, and/or global functioning and quality of life; and (4) adverse events, including the potential for opioid-related relapse or overdose, especially if the patient is not simultaneously taking maintenance MOR agonist or antagonist medications.Conclusions and RelevanceApplying the recommendations provided here as well as considering input from people with lived experience in the design phase will accelerate the development, translation, and uptake of effective and safe therapeutics for individuals struggling with OUD.
Topologically Programmed Graphene Oxide Membranes with Bioinspired Superstructures toward Boosting Osmotic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Hua , Zhang Da , Fang You‐Peng , Liang Zi‐Xuan , Zhao Zheng‐Kun , Chen Xia‐Chao , Yao Juming , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe emergence of lamellar nanofluidic membranes offers feasible routes for developing highly efficient, mechanically robust, and large‐scale devices for osmotic energy harvesting. However, inferior ion permeability associated with their relatively long channels limits ionic flux and restricts their output performance. Herein, a superstructured graphene oxide membrane is developed to allow programmable topological variation in local geometry and contain laminar spaces inside. Such deliberate design offers excess specific area as well as nanofluidic channels to modulate transmembrane ionic transportation while concomitantly retaining similar nanoconfined environment in contrast to planar ones, leading to considerable enhancement of ionic permeability without compromising selectivity. This can be highly favorable in terms of osmotic energy harvesting, where the superstructured membranes offer a power output much higher than those of conventional planar ones. Besides, the superstructure design also endows the resulting membranes with benign biofouling resistance, which can be crucial to their long‐term usage in converting osmotic energy. This study highlights the importance of membrane topographies and presents a general design concept that could be extended to other nanoporous membranes to develop high‐performance nanofluidic devices.
Unconventional Spin State Driven Spontaneous Magnetization in a Praseodymium Iron Antimonide
Authors: Pabst Falk , Palazzese Sabrina , Seewald Felix , Yamamoto Shingo , Gorbunov Denis , Chattopadhyay Sumanta , Herrmannsdörfer Thomas , Ritter Clemens , Finzel Kati , Doert Thomas , Klauss Hans‐Henning , Wosnitza Jochen , Ruck Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsolidating a microscopic understanding of magnetic properties is crucial for a rational design of magnetic materials with tailored characteristics. The interplay of 3d and 4f magnetism in rare‐earth transition metal antimonides is an ideal platform to search for such complex behavior. Here the synthesis, crystal growth, structure, and complex magnetic properties are reported of the new compound Pr3Fe3Sb7 as studied by magnetization and electrical transport measurements in static and pulsed magnetic fields up to 56 T, powder neutron diffraction, and Mößbauer spectroscopy. On cooling without external magnetic field, Pr3Fe3Sb7 shows spontaneous magnetization, indicating a symmetry breaking without a compensating domain structure. The Fe substructure exhibits noncollinear ferromagnetic order below the Curie temperature TC ≈ 380 K. Two spin orientations exist, which approximately align along the Fe–Fe bond directions, one parallel to the ab plane and a second one with the moments canting away from the c axis. The Pr substructure orders below 40 K, leading to a spin‐reorientation transition (SRT) of the iron substructure. In low fields, the Fe and Pr magnetic moments order antiparallel to each other, which gives rise to a magnetization antiparallel to the external field. At 1.4 K, the magnetization approaches saturation above 40 T. The compound exhibits metallic resistivity along the c axis, with a small anomaly at the SRT.
Coating versus Doping: Understanding the Enhanced Performance of High‐Voltage Batteries by the Coating of Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with Li0.35La0.55TiO3
Authors: Mereacre Valeriu , Stüble Pirmin , Trouillet Vanessa , Ahmed Shamail , Volz Kerstin , Binder Joachim R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLi0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) coated spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) as cathode material is fabricated by a new method using hydrogen‐peroxide as activating agent. The structure of the obtained active materials is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the electrochemical properties of the prepared cathodes are probed by the charge–discharge studies. The morphology of the coating material on the surface and the degree of coverage of the coated particles is investigated by the SEM, which shows a fully dense and homogeneous coating (thickness ≈ 7 nm, determined by TEM) on the surface of active material. XRD studies of the coated active materials treated at different temperatures (between 300 °C and 1000 °C) reveal expansion or contraction of the unit cell in dependence of the coating concentration and degree of Ti diffusion. It is concluded, that for the LNMO particles calcined at low temperatures, the LLTO coating layer is still intact and protects the active material from the interaction with the electrolyte. However, for the coated particles treated at high temperatures, Ti ions migrate into the structure of LNMO during the modification process between 500 °C and 800 °C, resulting in “naked” and unprotected particles.