bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’invention de la guerre virtuelle
Authors: Goya Michel 
Published: May 2022

La guerre que l’on se prépare à faire est toujours une guerre virtuelle ; c’est une anticipation que l’on reproduit sur les terrains d’exercice sans jamais pouvoir l’imiter parfaitement. La difficulté est encore plus grande lorsqu’on perçoit à partir du milieu du xix e siècle que sous la poussée de changements considérables et rapides dans les sociétés de l’époque, cette guerre future sera forcément très différente de la dernière que l’on a menée. On met donc en place en France après 1871, à l’imitation de l’armée prussienne, toute une structure de simulation expérimentale de la guerre dont on espère qu’elle permettra de se préparer au mieux au grand conflit futur. Le résultat concret est très mitigé, mais cet effort aura au moins permis de former une génération d’officiers à analyser et débattre, ce qui sera essentiel pour obtenir la victoire.
Le commandement militaire au défi de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: Marchand Thierry 
Published: May 2022

S’il est un sujet qui fait l’unanimité, c’est bien la place centrale que prendra à très court terme l’intelligence artificielle dans nos vies quotidiennes. Imaginons alors un instant ce que cette mutation technique et comportementale pourrait apporter à la bataille de demain. Au-delà des nouvelles potentialités des capacités, des armes et des organisations, se pose en réalité une question bien plus fondamentale, celle de la manière de penser l’affrontement. En d’autres termes, la façon de concevoir et de conduire une manœuvre militaire dans un univers où les grandes lois de la guerre ne s’imposeront plus d’elles-mêmes. Quelles qualités mentales et intellectuelles faudra-t-il alors forger et entretenir pour commander efficacement dans un espace qui aura peu à voir avec celui que nous connaissons aujourd’hui ? Les temps qui viennent imposent de faire évoluer le commandement militaire d’une force de conviction vers une force d’inspiration.
Modéliser le réel. La naissance d’un jeu de guerre
Authors: Bourguilleau Antoine 
Published: May 2022

Comment représenter le réel et permettre ainsi à des professionnels, militaires, diplomates, ou responsables d’ ong ou de services de santé, de réfléchir à des cas concrets en faisant un pas de côté ? Les jeux de guerre sont, depuis bientôt deux siècles, des outils plastiques et peu onéreux, très performants pour apprendre à décider dans l’incertitude, mais surtout pour identifier les problèmes. Ils constituent ainsi une des réponses à cette question complexe.
Comparison of Face-down Positioning Durations Following Silicone Oil Tamponade
Authors: Zubricky Ryan D. , Platt Sean M. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the rate and timing of retinal redetachments and other complications following pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair with silicone oil tamponade and the effect of face-down positioning duration on these endpoints.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study was performed on patients with retinal detachment repair via pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade between 2015 and 2020. Surgery was performed by 10 physicians associated with a private retina practice in Cleveland, Ohio. Duration of postoperative face-down positioning was noted and patients were grouped by short (≤6 days) or long (≥7 days) durations. Outcome variables were retinal re-detachment, epiretinal membrane formation, cataract formation, and other complications. Timing and frequency of outcomes were noted and statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

The study was composed of 227 eyes. The mean age of patients was 62.09±13.65 years with 143 (63.00%) male and 84 (37.00%) female. Of the initial detachments, 63 (27.88%) were macula-on and 163 (72.12%) were macula-off. Overall, 128 (56.39%) patients were given instructions for face-down positioning for 6 days or less and 99 (43.61%) patients for 7 days or more. Retinal redetachment was seen in 42.19% of patients with face-down positioning ≤6 days and 29.29% of patients with face-down positioning ≥7 days (
P
= .045). No significant difference was found in epiretinal membrane formation or cataract formation (
P
>.05).

CONCLUSION:
There was a lower rate of redetachment in patients who kept a face-down position for ≥7 days compared with ≤6 days. Further study to determine causality between duration of postoperative face-down positioning and retinal redetachment is recommended.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2022;53:285–292.

]
Brussels Studies : 15 ans et 1,5 million de téléchargements. Instantanés d'une ville et d'une revue scientifique locale
Authors: Debroux Tatiana , Hardy Margaux 
Published: May 2022

Brussels Studies a récemment fêté ses 15 ans. Si son projet éditorial – offrir à un public large une plateforme trilingue de publications scientifiques sur et pour Bruxelles – demeure inchangé depuis 2006, de nombreuses adaptations ont pris place au fil des années et des 168 articles publiés à ce jour. La revue a ainsi réussi à rencontrer un lectorat varié au fil des ans venant à la fois du monde académique, des administrations et pouvoirs publics ou encore du milieu associatif. Brussels Studies constitue de fait un exemple assez exceptionnel, faisant de Bruxelles l'une de rares villes au monde disposant d'une revue scientifique qui lui est dédiée. À travers quelques faits et figures synthétiques, cette fact sheet offre un regard rétrospectif sur l'écosystème éditorial de la revue, les caractéristiques des textes publiés et l'impact qu’ils ont pu avoir sur les débats et l'action publique.
Brussels Studies: 15 years and 1,5 million downloads. Snapshots of a city and a local academic journal
Authors: Debroux Tatiana , Hardy Margaux 
Published: May 2022

Brussels Studies a récemment fêté ses 15 ans. Si son projet éditorial – offrir à un public large une plateforme trilingue de publications scientifiques sur et pour Bruxelles – demeure inchangé depuis 2006, de nombreuses adaptations ont pris place au fil des années et des 168 articles publiés à ce jour. La revue a ainsi réussi à rencontrer un lectorat varié au fil des ans venant à la fois du monde académique, des administrations et pouvoirs publics ou encore du milieu associatif. Brussels Studies constitue de fait un exemple assez exceptionnel, faisant de Bruxelles l'une de rares villes au monde disposant d'une revue scientifique qui lui est dédiée. À travers quelques faits et figures synthétiques, cette fact sheet offre un regard rétrospectif sur l'écosystème éditorial de la revue, les caractéristiques des textes publiés et l'impact qu’ils ont pu avoir sur les débats et l'action publique.
Stigma among COVID-19 patients in South India-A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shetty Kannappa V. , Amaresha Anekal C. , Bamney Urmila , Rajkumar Ravi Philip , Srivastava Prerna , Mahesh G. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
COVID-19 has a significant biopsychosocial impact on the lives of people who are infected, with the stigma associated with the illness being one of the major issues. However, the level of stigma based on demographics, gender differences, hospital-based or home-based care is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to infer the level of stigma between these groups in the urban district of south India.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study recruited 50 participants who were recently infected with COVID-19 and were receiving either hospital or home-based care. The stigma was assessed using a standardized questionnaire which has four domains. MannWhitney U test was conducted to analyze the data.

Results:
Median age is 54 years and the majority of the participants are male (74%). The mean score of enacted stigma subscale was 4.48, disclosure fear was 2.34, internalized stigma was 2.82, perceived externalized stigma was 7.32 and the total stigma mean score was 17. The perceived externalized stigma subscale was higher in males (7.57 ± 5.96) when compared to females 6.62 ± 5.53. Total stigma scores were higher for males 17.2 ± 10.1 when compared to females 16.2 ± 10.5. The total stigma score was more (17 ± 10.3) among home isolated COVID patients as compared to hospitalized patients (16.9 ± 10.2).

Conclusion:
Increased levels of stigma among COVID-19 patients have various important psychosocial implications. This study highlights the need for larger prospective cohort studies to further understand stigma in the context of COVID-19.
Comparison of smartphone application-based visual acuity with traditional visual acuity chart for use in tele-ophthalmology
Authors: Bhaskaran Aparna , Babu Mahesh , Abhilash B. , Sudhakar N. A. , Dixitha V. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to compare the visual acuity (VA) by smartphone-based applications – EyeChart and the Peek Acuity to the standard Snellen chart to explore the possibility of using them as an alternative in tele-ophthalmology in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An analytical type of observational study was done on 360 eyes of 184 patients above 18 years of age. Patients with VA <6/60 and gross ocular pathology were excluded from the study. VA measured by these three methods was converted to logMAR scale for ease of statistical analysis. One-way analysis of variance with post Tukey HSD was used to compare the VA measured by these three methods.

RESULTS:
There was no statistically significant difference between VA measured using the smartphone-based apps (EyeChart and Peek Acuity) and the Snellen chart (F = 2.5411, P = 0.7925) in 360 eyes assessed. VA measured by Peek Acuity (P = 0.5225) was more comparable to Snellen chart than EyeChart (P = 0.4730). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated a strong positive correlation for EyeChart (ICC: 0.982, P < 0.001) and Peek Acuity (ICC: 0.980, P < 0.001) with Snellen chart. A Bland–Altman difference plot showed good limits of agreement for both EyeChart and Peek Acuity with Snellen chart. In subgroup analysis, VA measured by Peek Acuity was not statistically different from Snellen in any subgroups, but in EyeChart, it was statistically different in emmetropes.

CONCLUSION:
VA measured by smartphone apps (EyeChart and Peek Acuity) was comparable with traditional Snellen chart and can be used as an effective, reliable, and feasible alternative to assess VA in tele-ophthalmology.
Media reporting, public enlightenment campaigns and suicidal tendencies among Oshodi Youths, Lagos State, Nigeria: Counselling implications
Authors: Denwigwe Chiaka Patience , Eke Margaret Ogechukwu , Ngwu Maria E. 
Published: May 2022

This study examined the influence of media reporting and public enlightenment campaigns on suicidal behaviour among Oshodi youths in Lagos State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. From a population consisting of all the Oshodi youths, the Snowball sampling technique proposed by Jones (1997) was used to select 150 respondents. Three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance were formulated to guide the study. A researcher-made questionnaire ‘Media Reporting and Public Enlightenment Campaign Questionnaire (MRAPECQ)’ was used for data collection. The population t-test and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that suicidal tendency among Oshodi youths was not significantly high and media reporting and public enlightenment campaigns did not significantly influence suicidal tendency. Counselling implications and recommendations were proffered such as, Counsellors are to ensure that a more restrained reporting of suicidal cases is used as a way of decreasing the imitation or copycat effect, and the need to counsel those embarking on public enlightenment campaigns to make them youth-friendly
Determining regions of higher extinction risk occurrences in South African cycads
Authors: Samuel O. Bamigboye 
Published: May 2022

Extinction crisis in South African cycads has been very high in recent times. This study used comprehensive distribution records of cycads that occurred in South Africa. The records obtained from the South African national herbarium named South African National Biodiversity Institute (sanbi) through the herbarium sheets were used to determine the regions of higher extinction crisis in South Africa. The threat status of the herbarium taxa was obtained from iucn 2019 version and was analysed. Threats to these taxa were extracted from iucn and the numbers of taxa facing each threat were determined to unravel the prominent threats. The herbarium records were used to construct a species distribution map for all the cycads in South Africa and another map for Critically Endangered and Extinct South African cycads. This study revealed that regions of high species richness for South African cycads are not the same as regions with highly threatened and extinct South African cycads. Prominent threats found in this plant group are also the major threats causing extinction crisis in the highly threatened and extinct cycads that occurs in few provinces in South Africa. This study therefore recommends that conservation efforts for South African cycads should be intensified in the hotspots of highly threatened and extinct South African cycads identified in this study to further mitigate extinction crisis of South African cycads.
Análisis comparativo de modelos de planificación agregada. El caso de las empresas manufactureras colombianas
Authors: Rahmer Bruno de Jesús , Garzón Saénz Hernando , Garzón Solana José Manuel 
Published: May 2022

La intención primaria del presente artículo es realizar un análisis comparativo entre estrategias de planeación de la capacidad de firmas pertenecientes a la industria manufacturera colombiana. Los planes erigidos son determinados a partir la aplicación de sofisticadas técnicas de programación matemática restringida. Se concluye, a partir de los resultados obtenidos, que la alternativa más fiable para resolver el problema de planificación agregada corresponde a aquella basada en el método de transporte, dado que permite satisfacer los requerimientos de la demanda sin transgredir las limitantes del sistema productivo y, por supuesto, las restricciones establecidas por la alta dirección. La implementación del plan permite anticipar decisiones que respectan a la programación de existencias en stock, la determinación del tamaño de fuerza laboral, así como también, en lo concerniente al dimensionamiento de las capas de inversión. La conjunción de todos estos factores será un determinantes clave para ajustar la tasa de respuesta de la empresa frente a un entorno mercantil naturalmente variante y especializado. El plan agregado, en última instancia, permite coordinar las operaciones en el orden táctico y tiene como objetivo ulterior, la proyección y suministro de los recursos necesarios para establecer un óptimo equilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda.
The Use of Temperature Threshold Treatments in the Control of Fireblight on Pyrus kawakami
Authors: Elam Pamela M. , Holmes Keith 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrnamental pears are extensively planted within the urban forest. In many climate zones, they become heavily infected with the bacterial disease, fireblight (Erwinia amylovora), which causes severe branch dieback and can kill young trees. This disease is also very serious in nursery stock,and trees are no longer grown in some areas. Theobjective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a temperature treatment threshold used in commercial pear production and to compare copper, streptomycin and aluminum tris for use in the prevention of fireblight on 5 gallon nursery stock ofPyrus kawakami. The temperature treatmect threshold is based on daily mean temperatures. In this study, it was found that the best preventative material was copper, followed by aluminum tris. All three compounds provided high degree of control. The daily mean temperature treatment threshold for commercialpearproduction appears to be later than would be appropriate for nursery production.
Somatrogon (Ngenla)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: May 2022

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses somatrogon (Ngenla), 24 mg/1.2 mL (20 mg/mL) as a pre-filled pen or 60 mg/1.2 mL (50 mg/mL) as a pre-filled pen for SC injection.
Indication: The long-term treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to an inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone (growth hormone deficiency).
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, MANAJEMEN LABA PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP KUALITAS LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PADA TAHUN 2016-2020
Authors: Adelia Vika  
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Leverage, Manajemen laba dan Profitabilitas secara parsial dan simultanterhadap kualitas laba di Perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020. Metode penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier bergandamenggunakan SPSS versi 25. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah laporan keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020 sebanyak 30 perusahaan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Leverage dan Manajemen laba secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba Perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020 sedangkan Profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Leverage, Manajemen laba dan profitabilitas secara simultan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba Perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020.
إبدال حرف مكان حرف في القراءات السّبع (دراسة تحليليّة)
Authors: حبيب الله محمّد أحمد عبد الباقي 
Published: May 2022

هناك أمور كثيرة تختلف فيها القراءات ويتمايز بعضها عن بعض؛ مما يجعلك بسهولة تفرق قراءة من قراءة ورواية من رواية؛ ولولا وجود هذه الإختلافات لما سُميت بالقراءات والروايات، فهذا الجمع دليل على التعدد والتباين وكما قيل: وبضدها تتميّز الأشياء، ولعلّ من أبرز هذه الإختلافات الواضحة والتي يشترك في معرفتها أهل التّخصص وغيرهم هو الاختلاف بإبدال حرف مكان حرف، فإنّك أحياناً تجد كلمة ما في قراءة بحرف الفاء مثلاً بينما تجد نفس هذه الكلمة في القراءة الأخرى بحرف الواو، فهذا البحث جمع كلمات كل هذا النّوع ثمّ صنفها في ثلاث مجموعات؛ جعل كل مجموعة منها في فصل. ففي الفصل الأول جمعت الكلمات التي تتكرر في القران الكريم ويحكمها قانون عام، وفي الفصل الثّاني جمعت الكلمات التي لا تكرر وكان الإختلاف في حرف واحد من حروفها، وفي الفصل الثالث جمعت الكلمات التي لا تتكرر لكنّ الإختلاف في حرفين أو أكثر. وكان مع هذا الجمع ثوثيق للقراءة من مصادر القراءات، ثمّ ذكر توجيه وبيان لمعنى الكلمة بالقراءتين، وقد توصل الباحث إلى نتائج كان منها أنّ أغلب هذه الحروف المبدل بعضها ببعض من الحروف المتجانسة والمتقاربة في المخرج. وأنّ تفسير الكلمة الواحدة بعدد من القراءات يزيد المتدبر للقرآن فهمًا بمراد الله تعالى في كلماته.
Income Diversification and Agricultural Intensification of Rural Households in Nigeria: Synergies and Tradeoffs
Authors: Iraoya Augustine Okhale , Isinika Aida Cuthbert 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
This study examines the relationship between income diversification and agricultural intensification of rural households in Nigeria, using panel data models. We use the Inverse Herfindahl Index (IHI) to measure the income diversification options, while the relationship with agricultural intensification was measured using random effect instrumental variable regression. A control function approach was used to control for the potential endogeneity of the covariates. Empirical findings of this study indicate that income diversification is increasing among Nigerian rural households. This study finds that among other factors, off-farm income has a positive relationship with agricultural intensification. This study recommends, as a policy measure, that households should not only be encouraged to diversify their income, but should also transmit productivity gains from such diversification into agricultural intensification for the betterment of the rural economy.
The European Recovery Program in Austria and Its Impact on the Pulp and Paper Industry’s Interaction with Water Resources along the River Mur
Authors: Pfannerer-Mittas Sofie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Using the case study of Brigl & Bergmeister, a pulp and paper–producing company located in the southern part of Austria, this article explores the impact of the European Recovery Program (ERP) on the pulp and paper industries’ interaction with water resources. The invention of technology to use wood for pulp and paper production in the nineteenth century created a strong interaction between material arrangements and the practices of pulp and paper production. The ERP could build on an existing network of production sites and changed their interaction with their environment in several ways. This is shown by using the concept of the socio-natural site. Concerning organizational structures that were created by the ERP and the impact of decisions that were made at the time, the article takes several things into account: The goals of the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) that coordinated the financing of the investment projects and how these translated into changes in the interaction of practices and material arrangements, knowledge exchange that was facilitated by the ERP, and awareness of pollution and possibilities for measuring pollution at the time. The export-oriented economic goals of the ERP, together with a favorable natural resource situation, prioritized pulp and paper production, and therefore strengthened a resource-intensive industry. While some aspects of water use in pulp production became more efficient, the investments also created path dependencies that fixed existing polluting practices for the following decades.
Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Kitten with Concomitant Hiatal Hernia and Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Del Magno Sara , Zanardi Stefano , Foglia Armando , Cola Veronica , Troia Roberta , Giunti Massimo , Morini Maria , Diana Alessia , Lambertini Carlotta , Pisoni Luciano 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTA 2 mo old domestic shorthair kitten was presented for acute respiratory distress and severe ambulatory difficulties. Thoracic radiography revealed hyperinflation of the left cranial lung lobe and a mass with soft-tissue/gas opacity in the caudal mediastinum, leading to the suspicion of congenital lung lobe emphysema and hiatal hernia. Decreased bone radiopacity and suspected pathological fractures were also present. Complete clinicopathological analyses showed significant ionized hypocalcemia and suspicion of secondary hyperparathyroidism related to an inadequate diet. Lung lobectomy and reduction of the hiatal hernia following a median sternotomy and a cranial laparotomy were performed. IV and oral supplementation of calcium led to a full recovery and improvement in the kitten’s walking. A histopathological analysis revealed pulmonary emphysema associated with hypoplastic and irregular bronchial cartilage. Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare disease in both humans and animals. This is the first veterinary report describing a kitten affected by congenital lobar emphysema combined with a hiatal hernia and additionally complicated by secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism with a good long-term outcome.