bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ investigation of the influence of varying load conditions on tooth deformation and wear of polymer gears
Authors: Herzog Christoph , Wolf Michael , Schubert Dominik , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new method for in situ deformation and wear measurement of polymer gears has been developed at the LKT and validated for polyamide-66 (PA66) gears at constant loading torque and rotational speed. This contribution contains a more comprehensive validation of the newly developed test method by examining polybutylenterephtalate (PBT) gears under varying loading conditions. The deformation test method is based on measuring and analysing the timing differences between the index pulse signals of rotary encoders on the input and output shaft of the test rig. Since the total tooth deformation is a combination of different effects, such as elastic and plastic deformation, thermal expansion and wear, different testing modes with a low and a high torque level are implemented to separate the effects of elastic deformation on the one hand and plastic deformation and wear on the other hand. As a consequence, the new test rig design allows a deeper understanding of the wear and deformation behaviour of polymer steel gear sets over time. This potential is used to analyse the interactions of different loading conditions on the time-dependent deformation of plastic gears. The influence of both, different transmitting torques and rotational speeds is examined.The test method shows good correlation with well-established ex situ measurements for different combinations of rotational speeds and loading torques and thus could be validated. Long-term gear tests under varying rotational speeds and loading torques show increasing wear and deformation at higher speeds and torques confirming the state of the art described in the literature. In addition, the time dependent deformation behaviour at different load conditions due to superposition of wear and plastic deformation could be analysed in detail.
An exponential lower bound for Zadeh’s pivot rule
Authors: Disser Yann , Friedmann Oliver , Hopp Alexander V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe question whether the Simplex Algorithm admits an efficient pivot rule remains one of the most important open questions in discrete optimization. While many natural, deterministic pivot rules are known to yield exponential running times, the random-facet rule was shown to have a subexponential running time. For a long time, Zadeh’s rule remained the most prominent candidate for the first deterministic pivot rule with subexponential running time. We present a lower bound construction that shows that Zadeh’s rule is in fact exponential in the worst case. Our construction is based on a close relation to the Strategy Improvement Algorithm for Parity Games and the Policy Iteration Algorithm for Markov Decision Processes, and we also obtain exponential lower bounds for Zadeh’s rule in these contexts.
Monte Carlo Tree Search: a review of recent modifications and applications
Authors: Świechowski Maciej , Godlewski Konrad , Sawicki Bartosz , Mańdziuk Jacek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMonte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful approach to designing game-playing bots or solving sequential decision problems. The method relies on intelligent tree search that balances exploration and exploitation. MCTS performs random sampling in the form of simulations and stores statistics of actions to make more educated choices in each subsequent iteration. The method has become a state-of-the-art technique for combinatorial games. However, in more complex games (e.g. those with a high branching factor or real-time ones) as well as in various practical domains (e.g. transportation, scheduling or security) an efficient MCTS application often requires its problem-dependent modification or integration with other techniques. Such domain-specific modifications and hybrid approaches are the main focus of this survey. The last major MCTS survey was published in 2012. Contributions that appeared since its release are of particular interest for this review.
Multi-objective optimal design and seismic assessment of an inerter-based hybrid control system for storage tanks
Authors: Zahedin Labaf Daniele , De Angelis Maurizio , Basili Michela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a hybrid control system (HCS) endowing a base isolation system (BIS) with a Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI) is proposed for the protection of steel storage tanks from severe structural damages induced by seismic events. Among all the components of industrial plants, cylindrical steel storage tanks are widely spread and play a primary role when subjected to seismic hazard, since they suffer of many critical issues related to their dynamic response such as high convective wave height and base shear force. The adopted base isolation system is realized with spring and damper elements, whereas the TMDI is realized with a tuned mass damper connected to the ground by the inerter. The developed mechanical model consists of a MDOF system, which considers the impulsive and convective modes as well as the TMDI dynamics. An optimal design problem is tackled, making use of a multi-objective approach, with the scope to mitigate simultaneously the convective and impulsive response of the storage tank. A zero mean white noise excitation is assumed as input in the optimal design procedure. Once the HCS is optimally designed, a systematic investigation of its seismic effectiveness is reached through parametric analysis. Modal parameters and frequency response functions are discussed. A literature case study comparing the effectiveness of the proposed optimally designed HCS with traditional base isolation is illustrated and performances are assessed through stochastic excitation and natural earthquakes.
Moss cover and browsing scores as sustainability indicators of mountain ungulate populations in Mediterranean environments
Authors: Refoyo P. , Peláez M. , García-Rodríguez M. , López-Sánchez A. , Perea R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere, we aimed to define ecological indicators of environmental change for monitoring the effect of a reintroduced species, the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), over the vegetation of a natural protected area with contrasting habitats. This species was reintroduced 30 years ago in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, Spain, and its population has since grown exponentially, reaching high densities in some areas. We tested the suitability of two complementary indicators: browsing damage on woody species and the percentage of moss cover loss on rocky outcrops. For this purpose, we used a mathematical approach to zone the natural protected area according to the historical presence of the species and established five different Iberian ibex pressure classes (Classes I–V). Our results showed a direct link between Iberian ibex pressure and vegetation status. Model predictions suggested 10% moss loss in the areas with low pressure (Class I) but 64% loss in the areas with high pressure (Class III), mostly due to ungulate trampling on rocks. Similarly, browsing damage increased with increasing pressure classes for different woody species. Low palatable plant species such as Pinus spp. showed little change in browsing damage for increasing ungulate pressure whereas more palatable plants (e.g., Erica arborea) showed significantly greater browsing damage variation across pressure classes (i.e., high sensitive to herbivory pressure). Both, moss cover on rocks and widely distributed palatable woody plants proved useful ecological indicators for monitoring ungulate populations in mountainous areas with a diverse array of habitats (e.g., rocky vs. woody). This methodology may help select the most suitable indicators for each type of ecosystem or dominant habitat in ungulate-dominated ecosystems.
The diverse life-course cohort (DLCC): protocol of a large-scale prospective study in China
Authors: He Huijing , Pan Li , Hu Yaoda , Tu Ji , Zhang Ling , Zhang Minying , Liu Gongshu , Yuan Juxiang , Ou Qiong , Sun Zhiwei , Nai Jing , Cui Ze , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Jing , Wu Jianhui , Han Xiaoyan , Niu Yujie , Li Xiaoming , Hou Dongqing , Yu Chengdong , Jiang Chenchen , Liu Qihang , Lin Binbin , Shan Guangliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Diverse Life-Course Cohort (DLCC) is a large-scale prospective study including around 130,000 participants in mainland China. The primary aims of DLCC include contributing to knowledge on noncommunicable chronic disease determinants, particularly cardiometabolic diseases, and exploring the long-term effect of ambient air pollutants or other environmental risk factors on health among all-age populations. The cohort consists of several sub-populations that cover the whole life-course and diverse resources: from premarital to adolescents, adults from workplace and communities ranged from 18 to 93 years old. Baseline assessment (2017–2021) included face-to-face standardized questionnaire interview and measurements to assess social and biological factors of health. Blood samples were collected from each participant (except for children younger than 6) to establish the biobank. DLCC consists of two visits. Visit 1 was conducted from 2017, and 114850 individuals from one of the world-class urban agglomerations: Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei area were recruited. By the end of 2021, at least one follow-up was carried out, with an overall follow-up rate of 92.33%. In 2021, we initiated Visit 2, newly recruited 9,866 adults from Guangdong province (South China) and Hebei province (Central China), with research focuses on the comparations on ambient pollution hazards and other unique dietary or environmental risks for health. The baseline survey of Visit 2 was finished in July 2021. DLCC is still ongoing with a long-term follow-up design, and not limited by the current funding period. With reliable data and the well-established biobank which consists of over 120,000 individuals’ blood samples, DLCC will provide invaluable resources for scientific research.
Iron/multiwalled carbon nanotube (Fe/MWCNT) hybrid materials characterization: thermogravimetric analysis as a powerful characterization technique
Authors: Alzate Manuela , Gamba Oscar , Daza Carlos , Santamaria Alexander , Gallego Jaime 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanomaterials and nanocomposites have gained relevance in science and technology due to their excellent properties. Therefore, the characterization of these materials is important. Thermogravimetric analysis is a powerful technique for the characterization of iron-carbon nanotubes (Fe/MWCNT) as hybrid nanomaterials, which may be prepared by impregnation step (alkaline or microwave-assisted precipitation). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD and in situ XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were the instrumental techniques used to characterize these hybrid materials. Through TGA, it was possible to determine the quantity of effective impregnated iron on the MWCNT. Further, in a TGA, nitrogen atmosphere reveals a thermal event reflecting the iron reduction by C from MWCNT and the shape of the signal reflects the dispersion and size of the iron particles on the surface. This thermal event is related to the particle sizes and chemical nature of iron oxides present. Thermal events from TGA may be correlated with the results obtained from XRD, XPS, and HR-TEM. The presence of smaller and well-distributed iron nanoparticles impacts the shape of the reducing event in the TGA. The reduction temperature as observed in TGA curves is related to the nature of metal compounds present, such as nitrates or oxides. These results suggest that TGA can be used as a rapid and economical technique for the evaluation of different Fe/MWCNT hybrid material properties. These results may facilitate the estimation of the structural and chemical nature of the Fe/MWCNT nanohybrid materials and permit the projections of potential applications.
Static FET PET radiomics for the differentiation of treatment-related changes from glioma progression
Authors: Müller Marguerite , Winz Oliver , Gutsche Robin , Leijenaar Ralph T. H. , Kocher Martin , Lerche Christoph , Filss Christian P. , Stoffels Gabriele , Steidl Eike , Hattingen Elke , Steinbach Joachim P. , Maurer Gabriele D. , Heinzel Alexander , Galldiks Norbert , Mottaghy Felix M. , Langen Karl-Josef , Lohmann Philipp 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the potential of radiomics applied to static clinical PET data using the tracer O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET) to differentiate treatment-related changes (TRC) from tumor progression (TP) in patients with gliomas.

Patients and Methods
One hundred fifty-one (151) patients with histologically confirmed gliomas and post-therapeutic progressive MRI findings according to the response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria underwent a dynamic amino acid PET scan using the tracer O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET). Thereof, 124 patients were investigated on a stand-alone PET scanner (data used for model development and validation), and 27 patients on a hybrid PET/MRI scanner (data used for model testing). Mean and maximum tumor to brain ratios (TBRmean, TBRmax) were calculated using the PET data from 20 to 40 min after tracer injection. Logistic regression models were evaluated for the FET PET parameters TBRmean, TBRmax, and for radiomics features of the tumor areas as well as combinations thereof to differentiate between TP and TRC. The best performing models in the validation dataset were finally applied to the test dataset. The diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
Thirty-seven patients (25%) were diagnosed with TRC, and 114 (75%) with TP. The logistic regression model comprising the conventional FET PET parameters TBRmean and TBRmax resulted in an AUC of 0.78 in both the validation (sensitivity, 64%; specificity, 80%) and the test dataset (sensitivity, 64%; specificity, 80%). The model combining the conventional FET PET parameters and two radiomics features yielded the best diagnostic performance in the validation dataset (AUC, 0.92; sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 80%) and demonstrated its generalizability in the independent test dataset (AUC, 0.85; sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 70%).

Conclusion
The developed radiomics classifier allows the differentiation between TRC and TP in pretreated gliomas based on routinely acquired static FET PET scans with a high diagnostic accuracy.
The role of culture and evolving attitudes in travel behaviour assimilation among south asian immigrants in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Shafi Rahman , Delbosc Alexa , Rose Geoffrey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA range of studies have found that immigrants generally start out using different travel modes but over time they ‘assimilate’ toward adopting similar travel modes to the general population. These studies tend to focus on ‘when’ and ‘if’ travel assimilation occurs, with some studies using socioeconomic factors to explain ‘why’ this occurs. But few studies have explored the role of culture, attitudes and other ‘soft’ factors in shaping the process of travel assimilation among immigrants. In Australia, South Asians have been the largest and fastest growing immigrant group, and as skilled migrants they face few ‘hard’ barriers to car use. The aim of this paper is to explore the interaction between cultural influences, attitudes and initial travel experiences upon arrival in Australia on long-term travel assimilation amongst South Asian immigrants. Qualitative interviews with 20 South Asian immigrants were used to identify a range of cultural and psychosocial factors, such as perceptions towards travel modes and gender-based cultural norms. Attitudes and behaviours evolve during their early years in Australia, beginning with a ‘honeymoon period’ – a phase where all travel modes are seen as positive – before car use begins to dominate. The findings have implications for how we understand the interactions between attitudes, cultural practice and travel behaviour and how they evolve over time. They also imply that policymakers have only a narrow window of time to encourage sustainable transport among South Asian immigrants before the travel ‘honeymoon period’ wears off.
Synthesis and catalytic olefin metathesis activity of amberlyst-15 supported cyclic and bicyclic alkyl amino carbene ruthenium complexes
Authors: Deme János , Nagyházi Márton , May Zoltán , Hancsók Jenő , Valyon József , Kéki Sándor , Tuba Róbert , Turczel Gábor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmberlyst-15 supported cyclic alkyl amino carbene and bicyclic alkyl amino carbene ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts for sustainable catalytic applications have been synthesized by the well-known wet impregnation method utilizing ionic complex/support interaction. Surface coverages are as high as 4 and 7 wt% were achieved in the case of the significantly higher pore volume Amberlyst-15, compared to Amberlyst-36. These phase separable catalysts show high activity in cross metathesis, ring closing metathesis and ethenolysis reactions compared to the reported heterogenized olefin metathesis catalysts. Leeching tests revealed no more than 1.5 ppm ruthenium content for the investigated metathesis reactions, which is well below the accepted 10 ppm limit in case of consumer products.
How do environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation affect synergistically the financial performance of heavy polluting enterprises? Evidence from China
Authors: Tang Yongjun , Yue Saifan , Ma Wenchao , Zhang Lulu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years, economic growth has caused an increasing number of environmental problems in China. In order to achieve the goal of carbon peak on schedule, enterprises need to accelerate green transformation and upgrading. Environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation are important means of corporate environmental governance strategy, but it is unknown whether they can promote the sustainable development of enterprises. Therefore, this article will analyze the effect of enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation on financial performance. Based on relevant theories, this study builds a theoretical model to demonstrate how enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation can affect the financial performance of heavy polluting enterprises. Empirical tests are carried out using 293 heavy polluting enterprises in China as the sample. The results reveal that: (i) Enterprise environmental protection expenditure has significant negative effects on current enterprise financial performance, while green technology innovation can significantly promote enterprise financial performance. (ii) When the lag period is two periods, the enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation have positive effects on enterprise financial performance respectively, and the effects are the most significant. (iii) Enterprise environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation synergistically promote enterprise financial performance in the current period, and the impact has a lag effect. (iv) In state-owned enterprises and enterprises with higher corporate governance level, the synergetic promotion effect of environmental protection expenditure and green technology innovation on enterprise financial performance is more significant. Finally, this study provides suggestions for promoting the transformation and upgrading of heavy polluting enterprises and achieving sustainable development from the perspectives of the government, enterprises and the public.
Ethics of Buying DNA
Authors: Koplin Julian J. , Skeggs Jack , Gyngell Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDNA databases have significant commercial value. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies have built databanks using samples and information voluntarily provided by customers. As the price of genetic analysis falls, there is growing interest in building such databases by paying individuals for their DNA and personal data. This paper maps the ethical issues associated with private companies paying for DNA. We outline the benefits of building better genomic databases and describe possible concerns about crowding out, undue inducement, exploitation, and commodification. While certain objections deserve more empirical and philosophical investigation, we argue that none currently provide decisive reasons against using financial incentives to secure DNA samples.
Gassing During Tapping of Silicon
Authors: Vachaparambil Kurian J. , Panjwani Balram , Olsen Jan Erik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring tapping of metal from silicon furnaces, a significant amount of gas is often released through the tap-hole. The gas is combustible, and a flame jet is created which poses a safety threat to operators. Due to the high temperatures involved, thermal NOx is also produced. This is a threat to the environment and the health of the operators. These phenomena, known as gassing, have been studied here by a mathematical model for reactive turbulent flows. The results show that the flame jet can extend several meters out from the tap-hole, and that the strength of the flame jet increases with the amount of gassing. The simulations also show that the NOx production increases with the amount of gas exiting the tap-hole, and that the thermal NOx formation does not substantially impact the length of the gas jet.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Primary Educational Publishers in Australia
Authors: Reid Grace , Mrva-Montoya Agata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on interviews with 10 professionals from primary educational publishers and educational technology companies based in Australia, this article examines the challenges and impact of COVID-19 on publishing operations and outputs, and the future of the sector. The publishers had to deliver digital materials quickly, effectively and often for free to assist educators with the transition to remote learning, while working remotely themselves. They also had to transfers sales, support and professional learning online. Overall, while operationally challenging, the pandemic has accelerated the demand for digital products and facilitated growth of the sector.