bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
George Gascoigne
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The publication of Petrarchist love poetry in Tottel’s Miscellany shortly before the accession of Elizabeth made fashionable literature that had been the possession of an exclusive coterie available to a general readership. Gascoigne, an ambitious young man from the lower gentry present at Elizabeth’s coronation, chose poetry as one of his ambitions—calling himself at one point “Petrarch’s journeyman”—and in a variety of genres wrote about his other fortunes in his other aspirations at the court, in love, and on the battlefield. He shaped these into a seriocomic life story of repeated failure at almost everything, and retold this story with various personae. As Master F. J. he deploys his own poetry in a campaign to seduce the mistress of a wealthy country house—at first successfully, only to be humiliatingly replaced afterwards. As Dan Bartholmew and the Green Knight in two sequences of poems embedded in verse narration, he alternates between entanglement with an irresistible but unreliable woman and an erratic military career, with no conclusion in sight. In his greatest poem, “Gascoigne’s Woodmanship,” a more comprehensive and straightforwardly autobiographical telling of his life story, he comes to an enigmatic vision of the comfort and nurture that can come with failure itself.
Sonneteers
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sidney’s friend Fulke Greville was the first imitator to attempt a sequence on Sidney’s model. His Caelica begins with adoration of a distant beloved, becomes an acrid story of seduction and betrayal, then abandons human love for a Calvinist dark night of the soul; its unifying arc is the speaker’s increasingly harrowing humiliation. Samuel Daniel, a young man with connections to the Sidney circle, had some sonnets published with the first edition of Astrophil and Stella, and subsequently developed them into the sequence Delia. A succession of lyric moments in a static situation, it is the most purely Petrarchan of the English sequences. From 1592 to 1597 there is a great burst of sonnet sequences from English poets, with another, smaller burst from Scots in the early seventeenth century after James becomes king; they persist even as the genre becomes a common topic of mockery. They express a general faith in sonneteering as the gateway to a successful poetic career (sometimes it was), become highly competitive in the conspicuous display of their authors’ wit, and exploit the Petrarchan presumption of the beloved’s unattainability with lushly sensuous fantasizing of fleshly delights; the most extravagant in this regard is an openly homoerotic sequence by Richard Barnfield. Mary Wroth (Sidney’s niece) rounds things off with Pamphilia to Amphilanthus in 1621, a long-ignored sequence of Neoplatonic adoration which gains considerably in emotional force from the knowledge we now have of the tumultuous personal history the idealization is striving to transcend.
Courtiers
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The trope whereby the lover serves his lady the way a feudal vassal does his lord is something Petrarchism inherits from the troubadours at the courts of southern France in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. For most of its literary life the trope relies on its metaphorical sense, but in the court of Elizabeth I the metaphor takes on serious political reality for the ambitious male courtiers seeking her favor. A number of them write poetry, and that poetry naturally gravitates to Petrarchan themes and language which in this context take on new meaning. The court poems of Edward Dyer, Arthur Gorges, the Earl of Oxford, and the Earl of Essex remain indifferent productions, but Walter Ralegh, a writer of considerable power, left a striking if spotty poetic record of his fraught relations with his queen. We have one actual exchange of poems between them at a tense moment; it offers our closest look at what the intimacy between them might have been like. We also have reports and some fragments of an epic sequence called “The Ocean’s Love to Cynthia,” which seems to have centered on a vision of Petrarchan love as the driving force of European imperialism.
Introduction
Authors: Woźniakowski Tomasz P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This introduction to Fiscal Unions begins with the problematic of the conditions under which taxing powers emerge in multi-level governments, such as the USA or the EU. Building on recent research comparing the EU and the USA in Section 1.2 ‘Comparative Federalism Lens’, and drawing on William Riker’s influential theory on the emergence of federations, in Section 1.3 ‘Theory’, this chapter develop a hypothesis that it is an internal threat that triggers a fiscalization process, leading to the emergence of a federal fiscal union with its own sources of revenue, usually in the form of a power to tax. Section 1.5 ‘Research Design’ lays out the book’s methods. After elaborating on the case study, comparative analysis, and process tracing, it sketches historical institutionalism as the book’s approach, in addition to presenting data collection. The chapter concludes with descriptions of two original contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature and an overview of its contents.
Fiscal Regulation of the EU
Authors: Woźniakowski Tomasz P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The fourth chapter commences with the background of the euro crisis and its impact on the general institutional set-up of European economic governance. The chapter shows how the EU changed the instruments of its fiscal integration as a result of the threat emerging from the euro crisis that out broke in 2010. While in the ‘pre-threat’ governance stage, it relied mainly on weak regulation of the fiscal policies of the member states, in the ‘post-threat’ economic governance period, this regulation instrument was significantly strengthened, in the form of the European Semester, a cycle of monitoring the fiscal and economic policies of the member states. This introduced the possibility of sanctions for non-compliance with the EU’s rules and recommendations under its two procedures of excessive (macroeconomic) imbalance (EIP) and excessive deficit (EDP). In addition, the new instrument of fiscal integration began to be implemented—quasi-fiscalization, in the form of lending institutions, such as the European Stability Mechanism (ESM).
Comparative Analysis and Implications for the EU
Authors: Woźniakowski Tomasz P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The sixth chapter of Fiscal Unions provides a comparative analysis and conclusions. It discusses how both the USA and the EU experienced a shift of power in fiscal matters to the higher level of government as a result of an internal threat, albeit in different forms. While in the USA an internal threat emerging from the debt crisis triggered the process of fiscalization of the federal government, the EU, on the other hand, responded to a threat by strengthening its authority to regulate the fiscal policies of the member states. Fiscalization has been ruled out. The lesson that the EU could perhaps learn from the US experience in forging a federal fiscal union is twofold. First, an internal threat is the necessary condition to trigger the process of fiscalization of the central government and consequently lead to the creation of a federal fiscal union. Second, the lack of a federal power to tax, and thus the existence of a vertical fiscal imbalance, so that central government is financially dependent on the contributions from the states, may trigger a chain of events leading to popular protests that can threaten the very existence of the Union. One solution to such a crisis is the creation of a more ‘energetic’ federal government with the power to tax as its most important competence. I elaborate more on these lessons in the concluding section of this chapter.
The General Linear Model III
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter extends the general linear model to include interactions between explanatory variables. Interactions refer to the situation when the effect of the value or level of one explanatory variable on the mean of the response variable changes with, or depends on, the value of another explanatory variable. When interactions are deemed important, we should focus on the joint or combined effects of the interacting variables on the mean of the response variable rather than on their single effects. The chapter explains factorial analysis of variance and partitioning of the variation of the response variable, and focuses on the interpretation of the parameter estimates. It concludes with the analysis of covariance, which allows the consideration of mixtures of numerical and categorical explanatory variables. All the example statistical models are fitted in both frequentist and Bayesian frameworks.
Further Issues Involved in the Modeling of Counts
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of offsets to account for heterogeneity in the sampling effort and incidence in count GLMs. The use of offsets is related to modeling counts or rates using the Poisson and negative binomial distributions. It goes on to discuss log-linear models as special cases of count GLMs, and provides a detailed example of model selection using a log-linear model. All statistical models are fitted in both the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks.
Models for Positive, Real-Valued Response Variables
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of the beta distribution to model proportions, and of the gamma distribution for positive, real-valued response variables. It covers the inverse and the logarithmic link functions used with the gamma distribution, and discusses the modeling of positive, real-valued response variables that may contain zeros using Tweedie and zero-augmented distributions. All statistical models are fitted in both the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks.
Accounting for Structure in Mixed/Hierarchical Models
Authors: Inchausti Pablo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter defines the fixed (population-level) and random (group-level) effects of categorical explanatory variables in the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks. These effects allow models to account for structure in the data induced by the experimental or survey design, or by the sampling methods. The chapter carefully discusses the interpretation of estimated random (group-level) intercepts and slopes in linear mixed models, and the ambiguities, problems, and controversies related to the definition and interpretation of random effects in the frequentist framework. It illustrates the “shrinkage effect” and its importance in mixed/hierarchical models, and covers the controversies about model selection and the statistical significance of fixed effects in frequentist mixed models, including the use of the Satterwhaite and Kenward–Roger corrections, and the parametric bootstrap. All statistical models are fitted in both the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks.
Towards Scots-Irish Gothic
Authors: Burke Mary M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 suggests that the commonplace that Irish Gothic literature pertains to the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy class does not account for Ireland’s other settler-colonial cohort, the Ulster Scots. In addition, the category ‘American Gothic’ does not encompass texts by or about the latter community’s descendants in America, the Scots-Irish. In response, the first chapter theorizes that works by Charles Brockden Brown, Edgar Allan Poe, Henry James, and William Faulkner that express the unease of the Ulster settler in America are neither fully Anglo-Irish nor American Gothic, but a subgenre that will be termed ‘Scots-Irish Gothic’. In depicting the violence of the Old World being ceaselessly reprised in the New, these works question the legitimacy of Ulster Protestant presence in colonial Ireland and on the colonial American frontier, locations in which the Ulster-Scots were oppressor and oppressed, white and off-white. The Scots-Irish Andrew Jackson, scourge of Native Americans, emerges as an undead presence who repeatedly returns in both Irish-American fiction and American political culture down to the Trump administration. The chapter’s closing discussion of Gothic’s doppelganger (uncanny double) motif posits that deeply rooted Irish patronymic traditions render the male line ‘ancestor haunted’. This emphasis is returned to throughout the study since surnames in Irish-American culture are understood to dictate ethno-racial and political allegiance, even when acquired through marriage.
The realm beyond England
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By the 19th century writers who claimed that fair play was a national characteristic were quite evenly divided between those who saw it as English and those who described it as British. There is a great deal of evidence for a long-standing tradition of fair play in Scotland. Robert Henryson speaks of fair play in the moral sense earlier than anyone else we know of other than the author of the Gest of Robyn Hode, while late medieval Scottish chroniclers were the first to develop the idea of Robin Hood as a man who took from the rich to give to the poor. References to fair play in books published in Scotland are reasonably frequent in the 17th century and abundant in the 18th, and they reveal a lively tradition of relevant Scottish proverbs. In Wales the Mabinogion embodies Arthurian ideals of fair play, though it is not independent of the European tradition of chivalry. In Ireland, if the equivocal evidence of the Táin is discounted, the tradition appears rather later than in Scotland, but invocation of fair play becomes common in the 18th century and starts to be used to describe the situation of Ireland itself. We must conclude that the fair play tradition is more accurately described as British than English.
Queer Sensibilities
Authors: Butler Shane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores in detail Symonds’s relationship to three famous contemporaries: Henry James, Walter Pater, and Oscar Wilde. First, Symonds’s influence on James is shown to be far more extensive and complex than has been realized. Next, the language of “auras” and “atmospheres” in Symonds and Wilde is examined. Finally, Symonds and Pater are compared and contrasted at length. Throughout, it is argued that the correlation between aestheticism and homosexuality is best understood in terms not of codes and “masks,” but of a shared “sensibility,” predicated on a nuanced understanding of the relationship of mind and body to experience and truth.
Misanthropic Origins
Authors: Harris Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines one of the early modern period’s dominant archetypes of misanthropy, the semi-mythical figure of Timon of Athens, primarily through Shakespeare’s curious tragedy of that name. Reading the play against its sources in Plutarch and Lucian, it explores how Shakespeare attempts to work Timon’s misanthropy into a tragic narrative. It traces the onset and subsequent developments of misanthropy across the play, charting how what starts as Timon’s frustration against a few acquaintances ungrateful at his philanthropy and generosity expands into a hatred of all Athenians, all humanity, and eventually the whole cosmos. Yet it also demonstrates how Timon’s misanthropic anger varies in intensity, particularly in his later encounters with characters like Apemantus and Alcibiades—characters whose own situations or temperaments unsettlingly echo his own.
Structural Domination in the Market
Authors: Vrousalis Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter draws upon the feminist and republican literature to argue for the cogency of the idea of structural domination. It then applies that idea to capitalist economic structure. The chapter defends a definition of structural domination as regulated domination: any given instance of domination is structural just when it involves a triadic relation between dominator, dominated and regulator—any social role that contributes non-contingently to the reproduction of the dominator-dominated dyad. The chapter then illustrates two general ways in which capitalist transactions manifest structural exploitation. The first involves vertical authority relations between capitalists and workers—the standard labour-market case canvassed in chapter 2. The second involves horizontal market relations between workers in different (and possibly democratic) firms. These two cases illustrate the difference between a hired and an unhired servitude, the dividends to which constitute exploitation.
The Emancipated Economy
Authors: Vrousalis Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses emancipatory alternatives to capitalism. It sketches three important theories of the non-exploitative economy: unconditional basic income (UBI), property-owning democracy (POD), and workplace democracy (WD). It argues that only POD and WD are eligible candidates for the abolition of exploitation. POD does better in attenuating horizontal exploitation, the exploitation of one economic unit by another, whereas WD does better in attenuating vertical exploitation, the exploitation of workers by bosses or owners. It is, therefore, possible that a hybrid theory could do better than each taken by itself. This hybrid theory, variously travelling under the names ‘liberal socialism’ and ‘democratic socialism,’ recommends worker control plus a strongly pre-distributive form of public ownership. The chapter concludes by outlining a pressing dilemma for advocates of socialized production, the socialization dilemma between statism and—what I will call—the labour epistocracy.
Quest for Security and Stability in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Sano Shutaro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The foundation for a strong security partnership between Japan and India was laid during the ten years of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. It was during this period that Japan and India were able to overcome the legacy of the Cold War. This chapter analyses the ways in which Japan and India endeavoured to stimulate their relationship during the UPA period by primarily focusing on security issues. First, it examines how Japan’s position towards India evolved, especially after the Cold War. Second, it considers the main drivers and the underlying factors that propelled and the obstacles that may have hindered the Japan-India partnership during the period. Finally, the chapter lists the issues in India-Japan relations that remained unsolved and underdeveloped during the UPA term and which have been inherited by the Abe and Modi administrations.
Quest for a Peaceful, Prosperous, and Friendly Neighbourhood
Authors: Cavanna Thomas P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter investigates how India defined and conducted its South Asia policy (minus Pakistan) during the decade 2004–14 when the two United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh were in office. The chapter proceeds in six sections. The first section explores the structural challenges that the UPA inherited from the past and examines how it tried to address them. The second section examines how India attempted to secure its interests in the context of the war in Afghanistan. The third section investigates New Delhi’s efforts to protect its influence in the Himalayan states of Nepal and Bhutan. The fourth section describes the notable successes that the UPA achieved in Bangladesh, especially in security cooperation. The fifth section studies India’s rising activism in the Indian Ocean, including in Sri Lanka and the Maldives. The sixth section probes New Delhi’s efforts to revive the moribund South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
India’s ‘Look East’ Policy during the UPA Era
Authors: Ciorciari John D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines India’s ‘Look East’ policy during the decade 2004–14 when the two United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh were in office. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first section reviews the origins of the ‘Look East’ policy. The second section offers an overview of its early evolution. The third and principal section discusses the policy’s development during the UPA period. It examines the expansion of India’s maritime security role, inclusion in key clubs and organizations defining the regional order in East Asia and Southeast Asia, key bilateral ties, and initiatives to strengthen connectivity with the region. It illustrates how the UPA governments positioned India as a key player in the emergent Indo-Pacific order by redefining its role in the regional security arena, securing a more prominent place within Asia’s multilateral institutional framework, and raising its relevance in the economic domain.
India’s Quest for Permanent Membership of the UN Security Council, 2004–14
Authors: Sullivan de Estrada Kate , Moussavi Babak 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes as its focus the diplomatic efforts that India pursued in seeking permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council under the two United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments between 2004 and 2014. This period saw India develop collective positions through the G4 from late 2004 and the L69 grouping from 2007 and cultivate individual country pledges in support of India’s candidature. It also saw India take up a two-year stint as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council from 2011 to 2012. Throughout this period, Indian representatives energized the nature and direction of the deliberations over Security Council reform within the UN. However, procedural hurdles, competing formulas for reform, concerns over the legitimacy of an expanded Council, geopolitics, and international status contests precluded any straightforward solution to the question of UNSC reform.
India’s Maritime Diplomacy, 2004–14
Authors: Roy-Chaudhury Rahul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
India developed a robust posture towards maritime diplomacy and Indian Ocean security during the decade of the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments in 2004–14. This was due to India’s dependence on seaborne imports of oil fuelling its economic growth and concern over China’s expanding influence in the Indian Ocean. The November 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, with the seaborne arrival of the terrorists, heightened the government’s security perceptions towards maritime security. But, it remained cautious of signing formal defence or logistics agreements with the United States in terms of its ‘hedging’ strategy with China and was reluctant to endorse the concept of the Indo-Pacific or revive the ‘quad’ grouping.
India at the WTO Negotiations, 2004–14
Authors: Vieira Vinícius Rodrigues 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the domestic and international constraints that led India under the two United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments to find a middle ground between liberalizing interests and defensive demands as the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) advanced amid growing fears of economic turmoil. The chapter begins by contrasting NDA’s and UPA’s approaches on the DDA. It then explains how domestic stakeholders in three major sectors—agriculture, industry, and services—organized themselves to influence the government to incorporate their interests into the national interest. The following section adds more complexity to the analysis by unfolding the impact of international factors over the process, which in turn lays the ground for a debate on the effects of the expansion of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) upon Indian policymakers. The conclusion recasts the main arguments and discusses whether any other governing coalition but the UPA would have adopted similar positions and strategies within the same context.