bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of fitting ordinary differential equations models to experimental results
Authors: Sebastião Pedro José , Beira Maria Jardim , Cordeiro Rui , Kumar Anant , Fernandes João Carlos , Ferraz António , Gonçalves Luís Nobre 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Advanced fitting of ordinary differential equations models to experimental results is presented within the context of different academic levels of students and diverse research fields. In many areas, the analysis of experimental results cannot be restricted to cases where particular solutions of the models’ differential equations, valid only for specific limit conditions, apply. In those cases, analytical mathematical equations are not available and a complete description of the systems extends beyond the numerical minimization of statistical estimators, like the chi-square, because it requires solving numerically the models’ differential equations. Dedicated fitting procedures that involve the interdependent processes of solving the ordinary differential equations and fitting the numerical solutions to the experimental results are required to obtain the best fitting sets of parameters with consistent physical meaning. A simple, but powerful, web-based ordinary differential equations solver and fitter is presented, and used to analyse both the complete motion of a rigid pendulum and the dynamics of a viral infection.
The three R’s of reasonable in radiological protection: relationships, rationale, and resources
Authors: Wieder Jessica S , Schneider Thierry , Martinez Nicole E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Central to applying the principle of optimisation in the system of radiological protection is the evaluation of what level of radiation exposure should be considered ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA), after taking into account the prevailing circumstances. Determining what is ‘reasonable’ is an abstract, although somewhat intuitive concept with many potential interpretations depending on both the situation and those involved, whether individuals or organisations. There are common themes in the types of considerations that need to be addressed to determine ‘reasonableness’ regardless of the exposure situation. However, despite the consistent and agreeable nature of these themes, there remains a gap in how to apply them in real situations. For example, without measurable goalposts (or a clear process for setting such goalposts) for determining what constitutes ALARA, we can find ourselves misinterpreting the optimisation process as keeping exposures ‘as low as possible’. We propose herein, by consolidating and building on existing ideas, an easily understandable and actionable ‘reasonableness’ framework. This simple, yet broadly applicable tool is intended to help radiation protection experts in the systematic, deliberative, and collaborative reflection on all of the factors that make up ‘reasonable’ before making a decision—whether it be a proposed medical treatment or clean-up of a contaminated site. Each process execution and decision itself will necessarily retain the complexity of the prevailing circumstance. The proposed ‘Rs’ of Reasonable represent Relationships (stakeholders, empathy, and trust), Rationale (contextual, technical, and ethical), and Resources (technological, financial, and time).
Planetary Nebulae: Sources of Enlightenment
Authors: Kwitter Karen B. , Henry R. B. C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this review/tutorial we explore planetary nebulae as a stage in the evolution of low-to-intermediate-mass stars, as major contributors to the mass and chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium, and as astrophysical laboratories. We discuss many observed properties of planetary nebulae, placing particular emphasis on element abundance determinations and comparisons with theoretical predictions. Dust and molecules associated with planetary nebulae are considered as well. We then examine distances, binarity, and planetary nebula morphology and evolution. We end with mention of some of the advances that will be enabled by future observing capabilities.
Structural and optical properties of AlN sputtering deposited on sapphire substrates with various orientations
Authors: Peng Xianchun , Sun Jie , Liu Huan , Li Liang , Wang Qikun , Wu Liang , Guo Wei , Meng Fanping , Chen Li , Huang Feng , Ye Jichun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
AlN thin films were deposited on c-, a- and r-plane sapphire substrates by the magnetron sputtering technique. The influence of high-temperature thermal annealing (HTTA) on the structural, optical properties as well as surface stoichiometry were comprehensively investigated. The significant narrowing of the (0002) diffraction peak to as low as 68 arcsec of AlN after HTTA implies a reduction of tilt component inside the AlN thin films, and consequently much-reduced dislocation densities. This is also supported by the appearance of E
2(high) Raman peak and better Al–N stoichiometry after HTTA. Furthermore, the increased absorption edge after HTTA suggests a reduction of point defects acting as the absorption centers. It is concluded that HTTA is a universal post-treatment technique in improving the crystalline quality of sputtered AlN regardless of sapphire orientation.
Innovative feed preparation solutions
Authors: Sergeyeva N V , Ivakina E G , Ovsyannikova E A , Vasilchenko T A , Chukhacheva E V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sustainable fodder production, feeding capacity, and high animal productivity are the basis of effective animal husbandry. Nutritious, high-quality feed additives and vitamin premixes have been delivered to Russia from Denmark, France, Belgium and other countries for many years. However, it is possible to improve the feeding value of grains and their accessibility for animals through innovative solutions in using balanced concentrates or dry feed technologies. Regarding current conditions, it is only innovation-oriented development of dairy farming that will reduce milk production cost, ensure profit increase, and consequently production profitability, by means of technological, organizational and economic innovation, an optimal combination of primary, auxiliary and service production. The article discusses new approaches to organizing the use of grain fodder on farms enabling them to provide dairy cattle with more nutritious feeds, realise animal genetic potential, reduce feed costs by about 7-10%, thus improving animal husbandry profitability. An organizational and technological innovation has been proposed in the case of Limited Liability Company «Agribusiness Firm «YUMA» in Krasnodar Territory. Introducing feed preparation unit extruder KMZ-2U will increase milk production profitability from 11 to 16.3%.
Powdered Concentrate of Rosehip-Based Extract for Soft Drink
Authors: Pasechny D S , Smotraeva I V , Balanov P E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The preservation of useful properties and components in finished products is imperative for the food industry. The choice of technology is a responsible decision, as some heat treatments and improper storage conditions do not allow to achieve the desired result. Many food systems lose their useful properties and required level of organoleptic parameters when exposed to various factors, including high temperature. Drying of raw materials and finished products along with the cold storage and freezing is one of the most effective ways to implement a long shelf life in various food industry branches. The current technical base allows to obtain concentrated products in low temperature conditions. There are two options of moisture removal used in practice: freeze drying and vacuum concentration. The latter method requires no additional economic costs for pre-freezing and allows to preserve useful properties and components of a finished. This article studies the concentration temperature lowering by the use of vacuum. The article represents the developed basic technological scheme, which can be implemented both in laboratory and industrial scale. The technological parameters effects on the product sample quality are experimentally studied and discussed.
Analysis of the influence of varietal characteristics of blackberries on quantitative traits in connection with further breeding in Russia
Authors: Ladyzhenskaya O V , Aniskina T S , Kryuchkova V A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Blackberry is a berry culture of the genus Rubus L., which is just beginning to spread in Russia. At the moment, the only domestic variety has been registered, in connection with which there is a need to study foreign varieties as donors of valuable traits. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of varietal characteristics on the quantitative traits of blackberries for further breeding. The article discusses eight varieties of blackberries ('Karaka Black', 'Natches', 'Loch Tay', 'Columbia Star', 'Ark Prime Freedom', 'Black Gem', 'Black Magic', 'Heaven Can Wait'), which were grown in the Rostov region (Russia). To determine the effect, the method of one-way statistical analysis was used. High proportions of factorial influence on berry weight (84%), berry length (81%), amount of sugars (96%), average number of drupes per fruit (76%), average number of replacement shoots (80%), total length of replacement shoots were revealed. (77%), potential number of cuttings from one bush (77%), number of fruits on the lateral (64%), length (67%) and width of the central leaflet (47%), length of the petiole (54%), yield (60% ). No significant influence of the cultivar on the thickness of the petiole, the number of leaves and the average height of the replacement shoots was found. Since the characteristics of a variety make a significant contribution to the variability of traits, a number of varieties with a high or low value of the variable for a trait can become their donors.
Features of technology for producing bread and bakery products from frozen semi-finished products
Authors: Terentyev S E , Labutina N V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article provides an in-depth study of one of the most promising areas in modern bakery - the production of bread and bakery products from frozen semi-finished products. The authors highlight the retrospective aspect of the problem, note the peculiarities of the development of this technology in the domestic bakery industry. The article summarizes all known methods of obtaining frozen dough semi-finished products, taking into account the type of product and the manufacturer's capabilities. Frozen semi-finished products are intended for application of the “delayed baking” technology. The authors summarized a huge amount of factual material, scientific recommendations of domestic and foreign scientists and proposed the author's classification of the varieties of the delayed baking technology, indicating the advantages, disadvantages and conditions of use of each variety. The positive effect of low and negative temperatures consists in slowing down or completely stopping the fermentation process in frozen semi-finished products and keeping it for a sufficiently long time, which is described in sufficient detail in an article based on scientific research by technologists of the bakery industry. The article convincingly proves the priority opportunities for the development of the world market of frozen semi-finished products, notes the risks and threats in connection with the pandemic. The authors assessed the current level of use of frozen semi-finished products by domestic bakers. For the Russian food market, baked goods made from frozen dough pieces are still a relatively new product, and in comparison with economically developed countries of the world, their share in the total consumption is rather low. At the same time, the clear advantages of this innovative technology in comparison with the traditional one allow us to expect in the future an annual growth rate of at least 10%.
Agro-ecological testing of varieties and qualitative characteristics of potato tubers in the conditions of the Ryazan region
Authors: Pityurina I S , Vinogradov D V , Musaev F A , Goncharuk D V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of the analysis of the cultivation of potato varieties for yield and quality data. The aim of the study was to determine the technological and consumer characteristics of various varieties of potato grown in the Ryazan region. During the experiments were used potato varieties of domestic and foreign selection, which were approved for zoning in the Ryazan region. Potato was cultivated at the experimental agrotechnology station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University in 2019-2020. As a result of research, it was revealed that only the varieties “Gala”, “Queen Anna” and “Kolobok” are classified as type C, which is suitable for cooking most culinary dishes, and accordingly they are universal. According to the quality indicators “taste and smell” and “darkening of the pulp”, the tubers of the “Gala”, “Queen Anna”, “Red Scarlett” and “Kolobok” varieties showed themselves worthily. According to the number of tubers on the bush, varieties “Queen Anna” and “Kolobok” also performed best. The highest average mass of tubers was given by the varieties “Rodrigo” and “Kolobok”.
The use of small-sized tractors in agriculture
Authors: Vorozhtsov O V , Plaksin I E , Trifanov A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The most complex and expensive machines on the agricultural machinery market are tractors and combines. The number of agricultural tractors produced in Russia in 2019 amounted to 3,798 units, but only 38.7 of them are domestic, and 61.3% are foreign cars assembled in Russia. All tractors are classified according to purpose, type of propulsion unit and type of frame. By the type of mover, wheeled and tracked tractors are the most common. Wheeled tractors are easy to manufacture, operate, maintain, have a lower cost, and are more versatile. Caterpillar tractors, in turn, are more effective on waterlogged and loose soils, since, due to the larger support area, they have less impact on the ground. The share of small-scale enterprises in gross agricultural production in 2020 increased to 14.3% due to the implementation of state programs for the development of small agribusiness. This category of farms produces about a third of the total volume of grain - 39.4 million tons. Despite the significant role of small-scale enterprises in the agricultural economy of Russia, this category of farms is not sufficiently provided with the necessary agricultural machinery, such as small tractors with the necessary attachments. Moreover, the demand for domestically produced mini tractors is growing every year due to their versatility, operational reliability and ease of maintenance. The lack of mini-tractors in the consumer market forces farmers to use tractors of traction class 1.4 and 2 in the production of products, which leads to excessive pressure on the ground, its overcompaction and destruction of the structure. In addition, on small-area fields with difficult terrain for the operation of equipment, it is impossible to fully implement the efficiency of tractors of this traction class. These factors substantiate the need for further development and manufacture of mini-tractors, taking into account existing global trends, such as the use of artificial intelligence, which includes decision support systems, expert systems, autonomous robots and robotic systems, as well as unmanned units.
Forecasting operating parameters of personal households
Authors: Zhichkin K , Zhichkina L , Komkova I N , Sharipov F F , Degtyarev A S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Personal subsidiary plots in the Russian agrarian economy conditions play a significant role. In the Samara region, they provide for the production of about half of livestock products, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, which is especially important for fulfilling the parameters of the new Concept of Food Security of the Russian Federation, adopted in January 2020. The aim of the work is to study personal subsidiary farms in the Samara region as one of the most important sources of food in the region and determine the parameters for predicting their development in the short term in order to formulate a state policy to support the formation of food security in the region. As part of the study, econometric models were built for forecasting the production of the main types of agricultural products in private household plots using the example of the livestock industry. Factors influencing the number of cattle and pigs in all typical settlements were identified. State support measures are proposed to increase the number of these groups of animals in the sector of personal subsidiary plots. The number of cattle is influenced by the agricultural employment of the owners of private household plots, the available livestock of other types of farm animals, and the size of the land plot. The number of pigs is mainly influenced by work in an agricultural enterprise.
Conservation and study of the generic complex Chrysanthemum L. in the Southern Ural
Authors: Denisova S G , Reut A A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Chrysanthemum × hortorum is the most well-known blossoming late flower, which is oftenly used for home landscaping and city gardening. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of varieties of chrysanthemum from the collection of the South-Ural Botanical Garden of Ufa, taking into account the directions of use. At the first stage of analysis, decorative and economically valuable signs were assessed. As a result of the analysis of the decorative qualities of 112 varieties of chrysanthemum, ten were identified, which have a high decorative effect of the bush, a weak aroma and are characterized by abundant flowering; they are rated 49–50 points. 84 varieties are rated 40–48 points, they have less abundant flowering and a stronger aroma. According to economically valuable traits, the highest number of points (48-49) was awarded to 4 varieties. As a result of the comprehensive assessment, 106 varieties were classified as highly promising, they scored more than 80 points; six varieties are promising, they are estimated at 60–80 points. At the second stage of the analysis, when determining a promising direction of use, it was revealed that most varieties (88) can be recommended for garden use and 25 for container crops.
Measures of state support for the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and the European Union
Authors: Shinkareva O V , Evdokimova Y V , Egorova E N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the main measures to support the agricultural sector in the European Union and the Russian Federation. General trends have been identified that change the processes of the world agricultural sector. The goals of subsidizing agriculture by the states and the applied forms of support for this sector of the economy are given. A detailed analysis of the structure of subsidies allocated for short-term and long-term lending to the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation in 2021 by type of loans and federal districts.
Life-form of plants influences response of plant communities to exploitation stress
Authors: Luginina E A , Egoshina T L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the experiment, which was designed to study the process of recovery of medicinal plants species (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Hypericum perforatum L., and Origanum vulgare L.) after cutting. We showed that restoration rates depend on a type of exploitation (periods of “rest” between removal of the phytomass) and species’ life-form. The results showed that restoration perios for the studied species varies from 4 to 10 years.
Assessment of the parameters of adaptability of individual populations of the cocksfoot in the Arctic region
Authors: Tulinov A G , Kosolapova T V 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerennial grasses play an important role in increasing land productivity and increasing the production of high-protein fodder. They are grown in field and fodder crop rotations, in cultivated hayfields for green fodder, hay, haylage, grass cutting and grass meal. In the fodder balance, they account for almost half of the total requirement of farm animals for plant fodder. The cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is just such a perennial cereal crop that can become the basis for creating a solid forage base. Creation of a new variety, high-yielding, with good quality forage mass, high adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is a solution to the urgent problem of strengthening the branch of forage production. The studies were carried out in the Komi Republic (Russia, Syktyvkar) in the period from 2016 to 2018. in order to determine the parameters of adaptability and yield of green mass of collection samples and promising populations of cocksfoot combined with the subsequent selection of the most valuable of them for further breeding work. We studied samples of various ecological and geographical origin obtained from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov - VIR (Russia, St. Petersburg), geographically belonging to the Barents Euro-Arctic region: eight from Russia, including five from the Republic Komi (42733, 42734, 42736, 43024, 45945) and three from the Arkhangelsk region (44342, 36684, 44343), two from Norway (41826, 44021) and one from Finland (47268). According to a set of economically valuable parameters, samples 42733, 45945, 41826 were identified with a yield of green mass on average for two mows of 220-237 c / ha. Varieties Dvina and Naka with values of adaptability parameters for stress resistance from -73 to -96, with a coefficient of variation - 18.4-25.2% and with a breeding value - 130-139 are attributed to the most stable and plastic varieties. They provide valuable starting material for further study and use in the breeding process.
Biological protection of buckwheat plants from stress in the natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Klimova Lilia , Kadyrova Fanusya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the conditions of the Middle Volga region, an unfavorable combination of hydrothermal conditions influences the growth, development and formation of the buckwheat crop in different periods of the growing season. The solution to this problem can be the development of a plant protection system using biological agents with adaptogenic properties. The article discusses the effectiveness of treatment schemes for plants with biological preparations in various natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Impact analysis of state support on the agricultural organizations’ performance in Saratov region
Authors: Sharikova I V , Sannikova M O , Lysova T A , Sharonova E V , Kalinichenko E B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The authors analyzed the impact of state support volume on the agricultural organizations’ performance in Saratov region. It is noted that there is no direct relationship between the output of commodity, gross output and volume of targeted financing. The authors note, however, that in lean years, targeted financing allows commodity producers to significantly ensure the reproduction process stability. The impact of government support on the performance indicators of agricultural organizations should be assessed by indicators that characterize the profit and capacity of the funds received. For these purposes, methods for evaluating state support are proposed for practical use, which allow us to quantify its impact. On the basis of these methods, the classification of municipal regional districts according to the level of state funds’ level impact on the reproductive process was carried out, based on the natural-climatic and industrial-economic features of agricultural production: the volume of state support, the level of production intensification, its specialization, the structure of property and energy security of enterprises, the level of labor productivity and payment.