bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Soil Carbon Following Coastal Wetland Loss Applied to a Louisiana Salt Marsh in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain
Authors: Schoolmaster Donald R. , Stagg Camille L. , Creamer Courtney , Laurenzano Claudia , Ward Eric J. , Waldrop Mark P. , Baustian Melissa M. , Aw Tiong , Merino Sergio , Villani Rachel , Scott Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe potential for carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands is high due to protection of carbon (C) in flooded soils. However, excessive flooding can result in the conversion of the vegetated wetland to open water. This transition results in the loss of wetland habitat in addition to the potential loss of soil carbon. Thus, in areas experiencing rapid wetland submergence, such as the Mississippi River Delta, coastal wetlands could become a significant source of carbon emissions if land loss is not mitigated. To accurately assess the capacity of wetlands to store (or emit) carbon in dynamic environments, it is critical to understand the fate of soil carbon following the transition from vegetated wetland to open water. We developed a simple soil carbon model representing soil depths to 1 m using the data collected from a Louisiana coastal salt marsh in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain to predict soil carbon density and stock following the transition from a vegetated salt marsh to an open water pond. While immediate effects of ponding on the distribution of carbon within the 1‐m soil profile were apparent, there were no effects of ponding on the overall, integrated, carbon stocks 14 years, following wetland submergence. Rather, the model predicts that soil carbon losses in the first meter will be realized over long periods of time (∼200 years) due to changes in the source of carbon (biomass vs. mineral sediment) with minimal losses through mineralization.
PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry (an update from 2020 to 2021)
Authors: He Ming , Cao Chaoguo , Ni Zhihao , Liu Yongbo , Song Peilu , Hao Shuang , He Yuna , Sun Xiuyun , Rao Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years. It uses bifunctional small molecules to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. PROTACs can not only be used as potential clinical treatments for diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and neurodegenerative diseases, but also provide unique chemical knockdown tools for biological research in a catalytic, reversible, and rapid manner. In 2019, our group published a review article “PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry” in the journal, summarizing the representative compounds of PROTACs reported before the end of 2019. In the past 2 years, the entire field of protein degradation has experienced rapid development, including not only a large increase in the number of research papers on protein-degradation technology but also a rapid increase in the number of small-molecule degraders that have entered the clinical and will enter the clinical stage. In addition to PROTAC and molecular glue technology, other new degradation technologies are also developing rapidly. In this article, we mainly summarize and review the representative PROTACs of related targets published in 2020–2021 to present to researchers the exciting developments in the field of protein degradation. The problems that need to be solved in this field will also be briefly introduced.
Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics
Authors: Yuan Qian , Tang Ben , Zhang Chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
Roles of exosomal circRNAs in tumour immunity and cancer progression
Authors: Tuo Baojing , Chen Zhuang , Dang Qin , Chen Chen , Zhang Hao , Hu Shengyun , Sun Zhenqiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTumour immunity plays an important role in the development of cancer. Tumour immunotherapy is an important component of antitumour therapy. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, act as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer and play an essential role in tumour immunity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of noncoding RNA that are enriched within exosomes. In this review, we describe the effects of exosomal circRNAs on various immune cells and the mechanisms of these effects, including macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and Natural killer (NK) cells. Next, we elaborate on the latest progress of exosome extraction. In addition, the function of exosomal circRNAs as a potential prognostic and drug sensitivity marker is described. We present the great promise of exosomal circRNAs in regulating tumour immunity, predicting patient outcomes, and evaluating drug efficacy.
Small molecule targeting FOXM1 DNA binding domain exhibits anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Zaixin , Xue Si-tu , Gao Yan , Li Yingwei , Zhou Ziying , Wang Jing , Li Zhuorong , Liu Zhaojian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFOXM1 is a potent oncogenic transcription factor essential for cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. FOXM1 regulatory network is a major predictor of adverse outcomes in various human cancers. Inhibition of FOXM1 transcription factor function is a potential strategy in cancer treatment. In this study, we performed structure-based in silico screening to discover small molecules targeting the FOXM1 DNA-binding domain (DBD). Compound XST-20 was identified to effectively suppress FOXM1 transcriptional activities and inhibit ovarian cancer cell proliferation. XST-20 directly interacts with the FOXM1 DNA-binding domain determined by SPR assay. Furthermore, XST-20 was found to significantly reduce the colony-forming efficiency and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our study provides a lead compound of FOXM1 inhibitor which may serve as a potential targeted therapy agent for ovarian cancer.
Sorafenib inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by regulating Lyn-MAPK-NF-kB/AP-1 pathway and TLR4 expression
Authors: Li Xiaolian , Xu Mingkun , Shen Jiaojiao , Li Yuqin , Lin Shaoping , Zhu Min , Pang Qiongni , Tan Xiujuan , Tang Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSorafenib is an anti-tumor drug widely used in clinical treatment, which can inhibit tyrosine kinase receptor on cell surface and serine/threonine kinase in downstream Ras/MAPK cascade signaling pathway of cells. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation plays an important role in inflammatory mechanism, such as TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation, MAPK pathway protein activation, and activation of downstream NF-кB. However, the effects of sorafenib on LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and its specific mechanism have still remained unknown. We found that sorafenib inhibited the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase Lyn induced by LPS, thereby reducing the phosphorylation level of p38 and JNK, inhibiting the activation of c-Jun and NF-κB, and then inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, sorafenib also decreased the expression of TLR4 on the macrophage membrane to inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors latterly, which may be related to the inactivation of Lyn. These results provide a new perspective and direction for the clinical treatment of sepsis.
Excited-state spin-resonance spectroscopy of V$${}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$ defect centers in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Mathur Nikhil , Mukherjee Arunabh , Gao Xingyu , Luo Jialun , McCullian Brendan A. , Li Tongcang , Vamivakas A. Nick , Fuchs Gregory D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe recently discovered spin-active boron vacancy (V$${}_{{{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}}}^{-}$$

B

−

) defect center in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has high contrast optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) at room-temperature, with a spin-triplet ground-state that shows promise as a quantum sensor. Here we report temperature-dependent ODMR spectroscopy to probe spin within the orbital excited-state. Our experiments determine the excited-state spin Hamiltonian, including a room-temperature zero-field splitting of 2.1 GHz and a g-factor similar to that of the ground-state. We confirm that the resonance is associated with spin rotation in the excited-state using pulsed ODMR measurements, and we observe Zeeman-mediated level anti-crossings in both the orbital ground- and excited-state. Our observation of a single set of excited-state spin-triplet resonance from 10 to 300 K is suggestive of symmetry-lowering of the defect system from D3h to C2v. Additionally, the excited-state ODMR has strong temperature dependence of both contrast and transverse anisotropy splitting, enabling promising avenues for quantum sensing.
Cerebellar stimulation prevents Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in mice and normalizes activity in a motor network
Authors: Coutant Bérénice , Frontera Jimena Laura , Perrin Elodie , Combes Adèle , Tarpin Thibault , Menardy Fabien , Mailhes-Hamon Caroline , Perez Sylvie , Degos Bertrand , Venance Laurent , Léna Clément , Popa Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic Levodopa therapy, the gold-standard treatment for Parkinson’s Disease (PD), leads to the emergence of involuntary movements, called levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Cerebellar stimulation has been shown to decrease LID severity in PD patients. Here, in order to determine how cerebellar stimulation induces LID alleviation, we performed daily short trains of optogenetic stimulations of Purkinje cells (PC) in freely moving LID mice. We demonstrated that these stimulations are sufficient to suppress LID or even prevent their development. This symptomatic relief is accompanied by the normalization of aberrant neuronal discharge in the cerebellar nuclei, the motor cortex and the parafascicular thalamus. Inhibition of the cerebello-parafascicular pathway counteracted the beneficial effects of cerebellar stimulation. Moreover, cerebellar stimulation reversed plasticity in D1 striatal neurons and normalized the overexpression of FosB, a transcription factor causally linked to LID. These findings demonstrate LID alleviation and prevention by daily PC stimulations, which restore the function of a wide motor network, and may be valuable for LID treatment.
Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Patalon Tal , Saciuk Yaki , Peretz Asaf , Perez Galit , Lurie Yoav , Maor Yasmin , Gazit Sivan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe duration of protection of the third (booster) dose of the BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine has been the subject of recent investigations, as global discussions around the necessity and effectiveness of a fourth dose are already underway. By conducting a retrospective study implementing a test-negative case-control design, analyzing 546,924 PCR tests performed throughout January 2022 by 389,265 persons who received at least two doses, we find that the effectiveness in each month-since-vaccination decreases significantly. Compared to those vaccinated five months prior to the outcome period, on August 2021, relative protection against infection waned from 53.4% a month after vaccination to 16.5% three months after vaccination. These results suggest that there is a significant waning of vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron variant of the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine within a few months after administration. Additional information could assist to comprehensively estimate the effectiveness of the three-dose-strategy.
Comprehensive genome-wide association study of different forms of hernia identifies more than 80 associated loci
Authors: Fadista João , Skotte Line , Karjalainen Juha , Abner Erik , Sørensen Erik , Ullum Henrik , Werge Thomas ,   iPSYCH Group, Werge Thomas , Hougaard David M. , Børglum Anders D. , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben B. , Esko Tõnu , Milani Lili , Palotie Aarno , Daly Mark ,   FinnGen Consortium, Melbye Mads , Feenstra Bjarke , Geller Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHernias are characterized by protrusion of an organ or tissue through its surrounding cavity and often require surgical repair. In this study we identify 65,492 cases for five hernia types in the UK Biobank and perform genome-wide association study scans for these five types and two combined groups. Our results show associated variants in all scans. Inguinal hernia has the most associations and we conduct a follow-up study with 23,803 additional cases from four study groups giving 84 independently associated variants. Identified variants from all scans are collapsed into 81 independent loci. Further testing shows that 26 loci are associated with more than one hernia type, suggesting substantial overlap between the underlying genetic mechanisms. Pathway analyses identify several genes with a strong link to collagen and/or elastin (ADAMTS6, ADAMTS16, ADAMTSL3, LOX, ELN) in the vicinity of associated loci for inguinal hernia, which substantiates an essential role of connective tissue morphology.
Niobium-doped layered cathode material for high-power and low-temperature sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Qinhao , Qi Ruijuan , Feng Xiaochen , Wang Jing , Li Yong , Yao Zhenpeng , Wang Xuan , Li Qianqian , Lu Xionggang , Zhang Jiujun , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of sodium-based batteries in grid-scale energy storage requires electrode materials that facilitate fast and stable charge storage at various temperatures. However, this goal is not entirely achievable in the case of P2-type layered transition-metal oxides because of the sluggish kinetics and unfavorable electrode|electrolyte interphase formation. To circumvent these issues, we propose a P2-type Na0.78Ni0.31Mn0.67Nb0.02O2 (P2-NaMNNb) cathode active material where the niobium doping enables reduction in the electronic band gap and ionic diffusion energy barrier while favoring the Na-ion mobility. Via physicochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that the niobium induces atomic scale surface reorganization, hindering metal dissolution from the cathode into the electrolyte. We also report the testing of the cathode material in coin cell configuration using Na metal or hard carbon as anode active materials and ether-based electrolyte solutions. Interestingly, the Na||P2-NaMNNb cell can be cycled up to 9.2 A g−1 (50 C), showing a discharge capacity of approximately 65 mAh g−1 at 25 °C. Furthermore, the Na||P2-NaMNNb cell can also be charged/discharged for 1800 cycles at 368 mA g−1 and −40 °C, demonstrating a capacity retention of approximately 76% and a final discharge capacity of approximately 70 mAh g−1.
A boundary migration model for imaging within volumetric scattering media
Authors: Du Dongyu , Jin Xin , Deng Rujia , Kang Jinshi , Cao Hongkun , Fan Yihui , Li Zhiheng , Wang Haoqian , Ji Xiangyang , Song Jingyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEffectively imaging within volumetric scattering media is of great importance and challenging especially in macroscopic applications. Recent works have demonstrated the ability to image through scattering media or within the weak volumetric scattering media using spatial distribution or temporal characteristics of the scattered field. Here, we focus on imaging Lambertian objects embedded in highly scattering media, where signal photons are dramatically attenuated during propagation and highly coupled with background photons. We address these challenges by providing a time-to-space boundary migration model (BMM) of the scattered field to convert the scattered measurements in spectral form to the scene information in the temporal domain using all of the optical signals. The experiments are conducted under two typical scattering scenarios: 2D and 3D Lambertian objects embedded in the polyethylene foam and the fog, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It outperforms related works including time gating in terms of reconstruction precision and scattering strength. Even though the proportion of signal photons is only 0.75%, Lambertian objects located at more than 25 transport mean free paths (TMFPs), corresponding to the round-trip scattering length of more than 50 TMFPs, can be reconstructed. Also, the proposed method provides low reconstruction complexity and millisecond-scale runtime, which significantly benefits its application.
Drought-exposure history increases complementarity between plant species in response to a subsequent drought
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Vogel Anja , Wagg Cameron , Xu Tianyang , Iturrate-Garcia Maitane , Scherer-Lorenzen Michael , Weigelt Alexandra , Eisenhauer Nico , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrowing threats from extreme climatic events and biodiversity loss have raised concerns about their interactive consequences for ecosystem functioning. Evidence suggests biodiversity can buffer ecosystem functioning during such climatic events. However, whether exposure to extreme climatic events will strengthen the biodiversity-dependent buffering effects for future generations remains elusive. We assess such transgenerational effects by exposing experimental grassland communities to eight recurrent summer droughts versus ambient conditions in the field. Seed offspring of 12 species are then subjected to a subsequent drought event in the glasshouse, grown individually, in monocultures or in 2-species mixtures. Comparing productivity between mixtures and monocultures, drought-selected plants show greater between-species complementarity than ambient-selected plants when recovering from the subsequent drought, causing stronger biodiversity effects on productivity and better recovery of drought-selected mixtures after the drought. These findings suggest exposure to recurrent climatic events can improve ecosystem responses to future events through transgenerational reinforcement of species complementarity.
Subsurface oxygen defects electronically interacting with active sites on In2O3 for enhanced photothermocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wei Weiqin , Wei Zhen , Li Ruizhe , Li Zhenhua , Shi Run , Ouyang Shuxin , Qi Yuhang , Philips David Lee , Yuan Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOxygen defects play an important role in many catalytic reactions. Increasing surface oxygen defects can be done through reduction treatment. However, excessive reduction blocks electron channels and deactivates the catalyst surface due to electron-trapped effects by subsurface oxygen defects. How to effectively extract electrons from subsurface oxygen defects which cannot directly interact with reactants is challenging and remains elusive. Here, we report a metallic In-embedded In2O3 nanoflake catalyst over which the turnover frequency of CO2 reduction into CO increases by a factor of 866 (7615 h−1) and 376 (2990 h−1) at the same light intensity and reaction temperature, respectively, compared to In2O3. Under electron-delocalization effect of O-In-(O)Vo-In-In structural units at the interface, the electrons in the subsurface oxygen defects are extracted and gather at surface active sites. This improves the electronic coupling with CO2 and stabilizes intermediate. The study opens up new insights for exquisite electronic manipulation of oxygen defects.
Biomimetic non-classical crystallization drives hierarchical structuring of efficient circularly polarized phosphors
Authors: Feng Li-Zhe , Wang Jing-Jing , Ma Tao , Yin Yi-Chen , Song Kuang-Hui , Li Zi-Du , Zhou Man-Man , Jin Shan , Zhuang Taotao , Fan Feng-Jia , Zhu Man-Zhou , Yao Hong-Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHierarchically structured chiral luminescent materials hold promise for achieving efficient circularly polarized luminescence. However, a feasible chemical route to fabricate hierarchically structured chiral luminescent polycrystals is still elusive because of their complex structures and complicated formation process. We here report a biomimetic non-classical crystallization (BNCC) strategy for preparing efficient hierarchically structured chiral luminescent polycrystals using well-designed highly luminescent homochiral copper(I)-iodide hybrid clusters as basic units for non-classical crystallization. By monitoring the crystallization process, we unravel the BNCC mechanism, which involves crystal nucleation, nanoparticles aggregation, oriented attachment, and mesoscopic transformation processes. We finally obtain the circularly polarized phosphors with both high luminescent efficiency of 32% and high luminescent dissymmetry factor of 1.5 × 10−2, achieving the demonstration of a circularly polarized phosphor converted light emitting diode with a polarization degree of 1.84% at room temperature. Our designed BNCC strategy provides a simple, reliable, and large-scale synthetic route for preparing bright circularly polarized phosphors.
Structural basis of ligand binding modes of human EAAT2
Authors: Zhang Zhenglai , Chen Huiwen , Geng Ze , Yu Zhuoya , Li Hang , Dong Yanli , Zhang Hongwei , Huang Zhuo , Jiang Juquan , Zhao Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the central nervous system (CNS), excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) mediate the uptake of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and maintain its low concentrations in the synaptic cleft for avoiding neuronal cytotoxicity. Dysfunction of EAATs can lead to many psychiatric diseases. Here we report cryo-EM structures of human EAAT2 in an inward-facing conformation, in the presence of substrate glutamate or selective inhibitor WAY-213613. The glutamate is coordinated by extensive hydrogen bonds and further stabilized by HP2. The inhibitor WAY-213613 occupies a similar binding pocket to that of the substrate glutamate. Upon association with the WAY-213613, the HP2 undergoes a substantial conformational change, and in turn stabilizes the inhibitor binding by forming hydrophobic interactions. Electrophysiological experiments elucidate that the unique S441 plays pivotal roles in the binding of hEAAT2 with glutamate or WAY-213613, and the I464-L467-V468 cluster acts as a key structural determinant for the selective inhibition of this transporter by WAY-213613.