bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Various Desensitizing Mouthrinses and Simulated Toothbrushing on Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study and Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis
Authors: Gehlot Paras Mull , Sudeep Parvathi , Manjunath Vinutha , Annapoorna B.M. , Prasada L. Krishna , Nandlal Bhojraj 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives Bulk-filled composite resins are popularly used for posterior restorations due to various advantages. Routine oral hygiene measures like toothbrushing and the use of various mouthrinses can influence the mechanical properties of composite resins. Desensitizing mouthrinses are widely used as well, to manage dentinal hypersensitivity. Studies on the influence of desensitizing mouthrinses on bulk-filled composites are limited. Hence, the objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of toothbrushing and various desensitizing mouthrinses on the surface roughness and microhardness of Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin.
Materials and Methods Fifty Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin disks were prepared and were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). Group 1 (Control): no toothbrushing and no mouthrinse; Group 2: toothbrushing only; Group 3: toothbrushing + HiOra-K mouthrinse; Group 4: toothbrushing + Listerine Sensitive mouthrinse; and Group 5: toothbrushing + Shy-OR mouthrinse. The specimens were brushed with a soft bristle brush using a toothpaste slurry and immersed in respective mouthrinse twice daily for 1 month. The mean surface roughness (average roughness) and microhardness (Vickers Pyramid number) values were determined and the data were tabulated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Post-hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Specimens treated with HiOra-K mouthrinse exhibited maximum surface roughness (p < 0.05) and specimens treated with Listerine Sensitive exhibited the least microhardness (p < 0.05). A weak negative correlation was found between surface roughness and microhardness for groups 1, 2, and 5, while a weak positive correlation was found for groups 3 and 4.
Conclusions It is suggested that desensitizing mouthrinses containing alcohol or essential oils can lead to increased surface roughness and reduction in microhardness of bulk-fill composites, which could have an undesirable effect on their clinical performance.
Why Peritoneal Dialysis is Underutilized in the United States: A Review of Inequities
Authors: Bassuner Juri , Kowalczyk Bridget , Abdel-Aal Ahmed Kamel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGiven a choice, most patients with end-stage renal disease prefer home dialysis over in-center hemodialysis (HD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home dialysis method and offers benefits such as absence of central venous access and therefore preservation of veins, low cost, and decreased time per dialysis session, as well as convenience. Survival rate for patients on PD has increased to levels comparable to in-center HD. Despite endorsement by leaders in the medical field, professional societies, and those in government, PD has reached only 11% adoption among incident patients according to the 2019 United States Renal Data System Annual Data Report. This figure is dwarfed in comparison to rates as high as 79% in other countries. In addition, research has shown that inequities exist in PD access, which are most pronounced in rural, minority, and low-income regions as demonstrated by trends in regional PD supplies. To complicate things further, technique failure has been implicated as a major determinant of poor PD retention rates. The low initiation and retention rates of PD in the United States points to barriers within the healthcare system, many of which are in the early phases of being addressed.
Drug-Coated Balloons for the Dysfunctional Vascular Access: An Evidence-Based Road Map to Treatment and the Existing Obstacles
Authors: Kitrou Panagiotis , Katsanos Konstantinos , Georgopoulou Georgia Andriana , Karnabatidis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn underlying stenosis within the venous limb of a hemodialysis access circuit is the main etiology for graft and fistula dysfunction as well as other symptoms such as arm, breast, and neck swelling. Treatment options for both peripheral and central venous stenoses include plain old balloon angioplasty, angioplasty with drug-coated balloons, and stenting. This article discusses the current evidence for the use of drug-coated balloon angioplasty in this patient population.
The mouse brain after foot shock in four dimensions: Temporal dynamics at a single-cell resolution
Authors: Bonapersona Valeria , Schuler Heike , Damsteegt Ruth , Adolfs Youri , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Joëls Marian , Sarabdjitsingh R. Angela 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Acute stress involves the majority of brain areas, which can be sequentially organized in functional brain networks as shown by our study with foot shock in mice. We used whole-brain microscopy to investigate different spatial resolutions over time. From mesoscale region–based analyses, we identified the order of activation of brain areas. With single-cell analyses, we analyzed shifts in activation over time within small nuclei—a result impossible to achieve with functional MRI’s resolution. These findings required the development of a four-dimensional (4D) analytical pipeline, which is made available as an R package. This “atlas” of foot shock can be visualized in 4D in our interactive web portal.
D-mannose facilitates immunotherapy and radiotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer via degradation of PD-L1
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Yang Yajing , Dong Wenjing , Lin Mingen , He Jing , Zhang Xinchao , Tian Tongguan , Yang Yunlong , Chen Kun , Lei Qun-Ying , Zhang Song , Xu Yanping , Lv Lei 
Published: February 2022

Significance
PD-L1 is well known as an immune checkpoint molecule, which suppresses immune surveillance through binding to its receptor PD-1. Intracellular PD-L1 can also protect messenger RNAs of several DNA damage repair–related genes from degradation and enhance tumor resistance to DNA-damaging therapy. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and highest risk of distant relapse in breast cancer and shows resistance to immunotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we found that D-mannose can promote the degradation of PD-L1 and significantly enhance immunotherapy and radiotherapy of TNBC. Since TNBC treatment is still a clinical challenge, our findings provide strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TNBC and may have clinical application.
Ultrafast photooxidation of protein-bound anionic flavin radicals
Authors: Zhuang Bo , Ramodiharilafy Rivo , Liebl Ursula , Aleksandrov Alexey , Vos Marten H. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Flavoproteins are colored proteins involved in a large variety of biochemical reactions. They can perform photochemical reactions, which are increasingly exploited for bioengineering new protein-derived photocatalysts. In particular, light-induced reduction of the resting oxidized state of the flavin by close-lying amino acids or substrates is extensively studied. Here, we demonstrate that the reverse and previously unknown reaction photooxidation of the anionic semireduced flavin radical, a short-lived reaction intermediate in many biochemical reactions, efficiently occurs in flavoprotein oxidases. We anticipate that this finding will allow photoreduction of external reactants and lead to exploration of novel photocatalytic pathways.
Foreign-born instructor humor perception and effects on self-perceived affective and cognitive
learning
Authors: Charoensap-Kelly Piyawan , Logemann Minna Mars , Bryant Kevin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 394 U.S. American and Thai college students took an online survey
investigating how they perceived humor used by their foreign-born instructors and how those perceptions then predicted their
self-perceived cognitive and affective learning. Moderated mediation analyses revealed both student groups understood affiliative
humor and considered it appropriate and humorous which then enhanced their learning. Aggressive humor positively predicted Thai
students’ learning through the mediating role of humorousness and negatively predicted U.S. students’ learning through the
mediating role of appropriateness. Self-defeating humor enhanced U.S. students’ learning through the moderating role of
appropriateness. This study clarified the influence of different humor styles on learning and extended the instructional humor
processing theory by demonstrating the moderating effect of culture. With the internationalization of higher education and
increasing number of foreign-born instructors, this pioneering study provided preliminary suggestions for effectively using humor
in cross-cultural classrooms.
Neurotrophic factors and brain health in children with overweight and obesity: The role of cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Adelantado‐Renau Mireia , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Mora‐Gonzalez Jose , Plaza‐Florido Abel , Rodriguez‐Ayllon María , Maldonado José , Escolano‐Margarit M. Victoria , Gómez Vida José , Catena‐Martinez Andres , Erickson Kirk I. , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTNeurotrophic factors and cardiorespiratory fitness are both considered important in developmental trajectories but their link to brain health remains poorly understood. The aims of the study were to examine whether levels of plasma‐derived neurotrophic factors were associated with brain health indicators in children with overweight or obesity; and to test whether these associations were moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness. 100 children (41% girls) were included in this analysis. Plasma levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and epidermal growth factor were determined by XMap technology. Academic performance and executive function were assessed using validated neuropsychological tests. Hippocampal volume was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20‐m Shuttle Run Test. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 was positively associated with cognitive flexibility. Stratified analyses by fitness categories (i.e. unfit vs. fit) showed that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor was positively associated with right posterior hippocampal volume in fit children, and epidermal growth factor was negatively associated with right hippocampal, and right anterior hippocampal volumes in their unfit peers, with a moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. However, all these significant associations disappeared after correction for multiple comparisons. The association between neurotrophic factors and brain health indicators in children with overweight/obesity was neither strong nor consistent. These results could help enhance our understanding of determinants of brain health in children with overweight/obesity.Highlights
This study provides novel findings on the associations between neurotrophic factors and a wide range of brain health indicators in children.
This study additionally explored the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations.
The association between neurotrophic factors and brain health in children with overweight/obesity was neither strong nor consistent.
Cardiorespiratory fitness moderated the associations of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and epidermal growth factor with right hippocampal volume.
Impact of Qigong exercises on the severity of the menopausal symptoms and health‐related quality of life: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Carcelén‐Fraile María del Carmen , Hita‐Contreras Fidel , Martínez‐Amat Antonio , Loureiro Vânia Brandão , de Loureiro Nuno Eduardo Marques , Jiménez‐García José Daniel , Fábrega‐Cuadros Raquel , Aibar‐Almazán Agustín 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a Qigong exercise programme on the severity of the menopausal symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of community‐dwelling postmenopausal women. This was done by means of a randomised clinical trial with a sample of 125 women who were assigned to either a control (n= 62) or an experimental group (n= 63). The severity of their menopause‐related symptoms and HRQoL were assessed through the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) respectively, before and after the intervention period. The main findings of our study reveal significant improvement in the severity of menopausal symptoms at the somatic, psychological, and urogenital levels, as well as in the total score of the MRS. Additionally, participants assigned to the Qigong group experienced improvement in the general health, physical functioning, role‐physical, bodily pain, vitality, and mental health domains of the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey, as well as in its physical component and mental component summaries. We can therefore conclude that, among Spanish postmenopausal women, a twelve‐week Qigong exercise programme has beneficial effects on the severity of menopausal symptoms and HRQoL.HighlightsWe have studied the effects of Qigong on menopause‐related quality of life.Qigong is a useful tool in the management of the severity of menopausal symptoms.A 12‐week Qigong programme showed benefits on health‐related quality of life.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03989453.
AFRIMETS.EM-S1 supplementary comparison of resistance standards
Authors: Khoza Michael , Mageed Hala M Abdel , Mallat Abdelkarim , Mohammed Rasha Sayed Attiya , Aguko Gibson , ZITI Abdellah , Musaazi Patrick Kizito , Nezir Nesredin 
Published: February 2022

Main text
AFRIMETS.EM-S1 supplementary comparison on resistance standards at 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ commenced November 2015 and ended June 2018. The comparison approved by AFRIMETS technical committee for Electricity and Magnetism (TC-EM) and Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM). Seven National Metrology Institutes participated including National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA)the pilot laboratory. The primary objective of the comparison is aimed to underpin and strengthen the capabilities of the National Metrology Institutes and establish the degree of equivalence and comparability. The results of the participants are found to be equivalent, comparable and in agreement with the comparison reference values within stated uncertainties of measurements.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
International comparison CCQM-K10.2018: BTEX in nitrogen at 5 nmol mol−1
Authors: Cecelski Christina E , Rhoderick George C , Possolo Antonio M , Carney Jennifer , Vokoun Miroslav , Privoznikova Jitka , Lee Sangil , Kang Ji Hwan , Kim Yong Doo , Kim Dal Ho , Macé Tatiana , Sutour Christophe , Pascale Céline , Ntsasa Napo , Tshilongo James , Jozela Mudalo , Leshabane Nompumelelo , Lekoto Goitsemang , Worton David R , Brewer Paul J , Farrow-Dunn Fred , Moreno Sergi , Wirtz Klaus , Stummer Volker , Konopelko L A , Kolobova A V , Kustikov Y A , Klimov A Y , Efremova O V , Wijk Janneke I T van , Veen Adriaan M H van der 
Published: February 2022

Main text
The CCQM-K10.2018 comparison aimed to evaluate the capabilities of national metrology institutes (NMIs) to prepare and/or value assign primary reference mixtures containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene (subsequently referred to as BTEX) in nitrogen. This key comparison was separated into two parallel studies. The first study, deemed the "gravimetric study", evaluated the level of compatibility of BTEX standards provided by NMIs. Seven participating laboratories each submitted one standard at nominal 5 nmol mol-1 BTEX in nitrogen. Comparison measurements were performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from July to October 2018. The second study, deemed the "comparative study", compared the capabilities of NMIs to measure the amount fractions of BTEX in a mixture provided by NIST. NIST prepared one standard at nominal 5 nmol mol-1 BTEX in nitrogen, which was measured consecutively by three participating laboratories. The participants' measurements took place from August 2018 to March 2019. The comparison protocol adopted for CCQM-K10.2018 was more challenging than for the original comparison, CCQM-K10 in 2001, and the results provide an extended evaluation of the level of compatibility of BTEX in nitrogen standards.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report on pilot study CCQM-P211: carbon isotope delta measurements of vanillin
Authors: Chartrand Michelle M G , Kai Fuu Ming , Meijer Harro A J , Moossen Heiko , Qi Haiping , Aerts-Bijma Anita T , Cui Yuxi , Geilmann Heike , Mester Zoltan , Meija Juris 
Published: February 2022

Main text
This pilot study was conducted in parallel to the key comparison CCQM-K167. Vials containing 0.25 mg of vanillin were prepared at NRC and distributed to four participating institutes. Institutes could choose any suitable reference materials and methodology to perform carbon isotope delta measurements. Participants reported analysis details, and a carbon isotope delta value and associated uncertainty for the vanillin sample. Each of the carbon isotope delta results of vanillin were compared to the KCRV established from CCQM-K167, and metrological compatibility to the KCRV was determined. Three expert laboratories participated in this study, and their reported results serve as a benchmark to compare the performance of all other participants to these world-class institutes.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM.
Non-linear resonance in the simplest RLC circuit
Authors: Pellicer-Porres J , Andrés M V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We describe an undergraduate experiment demonstrating a non-linear oscillator based on a simple RLC circuit. Non-linearity is introduced by a single, reverse biased, diode. The response curves are described as a function of the generator amplitude and reverse polarization voltage. The oscillator can be modeled making use of the skeleton curve, which relates the resonance frequency with the amplitude of the oscillations, reducing the complexity of the mathematical description. We also give some insights on the physics of the skeleton curve and deduce information about the diode.
Maxwell’s equations and Lorentz transformations
Authors: Aguirregabiria J M , Hernández A , Rivas M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore the possibility of introducing the special relativity to undergraduate students by restricting the relativity principle to Maxwell’s equations in vacuum. By making some hypothesis of simplicity, we obtain the transformation equations for the electric and magnetic fields among equivalent observers. Later, the transformation equations for the charge and current density are found and, finally, the Lorentz transformations. What is left is to extend the relativity principle to all physical phenomena.
Numerical study of mid-infrared tunable metalenses based on Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change material
Authors: Liu Yanning , Mao Rui , Zhang Peng , Li Wenxin , Wang Maoren , Zhang Li , Gong Yu , Zhou Peiheng , Liang Difei , Deng Longjiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mid-infrared (mid-IR) metalens is an advanced but also fundamental element for a variety of dynamic optical applications, e.g. night visualization and spectroscopic sensing. However, the lens quality and tunability is challenging at this strategically important band. Here, we numerically propose a reflective metasurface platform based on Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase-change material to resolve this problem. Our two paradigms, i.e. bifocal and bifunctional metalenses, prove that a diversified range of functions can be modulated in the mid-IR without structural reconfiguration. By converting GST between amorphous and crystalline states, the focus of the bifocal metalens shifts 35.8 μm (>6λ), with maximum focusing efficiency of up to 8%. The continuous modulation of the intensity profile at two focuses is realized by GST phase transition. We have also demonstrated that a one-dimensional focal metalens with focusing efficiency of 28% can be switched into a mid-IR light deflector by converting the GST phase states. The metasurface uses mature optical materials and can be fabricated by standard microfabrication technologies, which makes the tunable mid-IR platform promising for integrated optical systems.
Field calibration for multidirectional spectroradiometers
Authors: Niedzwiedz Angelika , Duffert Jens , Tobar-Foster Mario , Heinzel Jan Wilko , Seckmeyer Gunther 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A mobile calibration system for a multidirectional spectroradiometer (MUDIS) to transfer the absolute radiometric calibration from the laboratory to the location of the outdoor-measurement (field calibrator) has been developed. The main part of the calibration system comprises an aluminium sphere with a diameter of 40 cm, mounting adapters and a ventilation system. The MUDIS device is capable of measuring spectral radiance from 320 to 600 nm in 113 different directions simultaneously within 1 s. When repeating radiance measurements inside the mobile field sphere, the relative standard deviation (RSD) for wavelengths between 320 and 600 nm is less than 1.8% (320 nm) for all directions with minimum RSD of 0.6% at 382 nm. The reproducibility depends not only on the wavelength but also on the individual fibre position on the hemispherical input optics, with maximum of 4.5% RSD, but most directions show a lower deviation. On average, the RSD for the channels is less than 0.9%. The calibrator enables measurements of the spectral radiance with less uncertainty than with the previous indirect calibration method, which uses measurements of a scanning reference array spectroradiometer.