bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of patients and healthcare providers on patient education to improve oral anticoagulant management
Authors: Wang Mei , Swinton Marilyn , Troyan Sue , Ho Joanne , M. Siegal Deborah , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Thabane Lehana , M. Holbrook Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationale and ObjectivesEducation of patients is thought to be key to high‐quality oral anticoagulant (OAC) medication management. Theoretically, improving patients' knowledge should improve their self‐management skills and adherence. The study's objective was to explore the opinions of healthcare providers and patients on the desired content and format of patient education on OACs, in addition to perceived barriers to high‐quality patient education.MethodsWe applied qualitative descriptive methods in a focus group study on OAC management. Five focus group discussions were conducted in two health regions in Southwestern Ontario from 2017 to 2018 with 19 patients, 7 caregivers and 16 healthcare providers (physicians, nurses and pharmacists). During the focus groups, participants discussed their experiences with OAC education and made suggestions about the content and format for patient education on OACs. Transcripts were analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsWe identified the five themes of patient education on OAC management: content of OAC education (rationale, risk and appropriate drug administration methods), the best times for providing OAC education (time of OACs initiation along with continuing education), preferred education delivery strategies (case management targeted patient information summaries from authoritative sources such as Thrombosis Canada and video education), patient and community pharmacist engagement in OAC education, and perceived barriers to optimal patient education (patients depending too much on their healthcare providers for advice, the limited time patients spend with healthcare providers, gaps in clear communication between providers and the lack of a nationally or provincially coordinated OAC management programme).ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients, caregivers and healthcare providers support the need for education on OACs, including for patients taking DOACs. Specific important content and proper education format are needed. The optimal combination of content, format, duration, timing and sources for OAC education requires further research.
Bank Sectoral Concentration and Risk: Evidence from a Worldwide Sample of Banks
Authors: Beck Thorsten , De Jonghe Olivier , Mulier Klaas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel, stock‐return based, technique to measure three aspects of banks' sectoral concentration that feature prominently in episodes of bank risk: specialization (capturing high exposures), differentiation (capturing deviation from peer banks), and financial sector exposure (capturing direct connectedness) and show external validity for these measures. We find that both individual and systemic bank risk decrease with specialization. Differentiation is particularly and positively related to individual bank risk, whereas direct connectedness of banks is particularly and positively related to systemic bank risk. These findings inform the theoretical and policy debate on the relationship between sectoral concentration and banks' stability.
Study on the role of pyroptosis in bone resorption induced by occlusal trauma with or without periodontitis
Authors: Jiang Mengyang , Shang Zhenzhen , Zhang Ting , Yin Xiaojie , Liang Xing , Sun Huiqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOcclusal trauma is considered to be a contributing factor to bone loss associated with inflammatory periodontal disease. We hypothesized that pyroptosis, a recently discovered inflammation‐induced programmed cell death pathway, plays a role in occlusal trauma.Materials and MethodsThe occlusal trauma model was established using a cemented 1‐mm elevated computer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) metal crown. The periodontitis model was established by periodontal wire ligation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to analyze the expression of pyroptosis‐, inflammation‐, and osteoclast‐related markers. Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) was used to determine bone morphology parameters. Tissue morphology was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Osteoclasts were identified using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The expression and distribution of factors related to pyroptosis and inflammation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The colocalization of dead cells and cysteinyl aspartate–specific proteinase‐1 (caspase‐1)‐positive cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence.ResultsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and IHC results showed that occlusal trauma induced the expression of pyroptotic factors during the early stages, while occlusal trauma with periodontitis upregulated the expression of pyroptotic factors at the later stages. The results of qRT‐PCR, TRAP staining, and micro‐CT showed that occlusal trauma with periodontitis increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to severe bone loss. Glyburide, an NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3)inhibitor, reduced the expression of pyroptosis markers induced by occlusal trauma with periodontitis and reversed bone resorption.ConclusionsPyroptosis was involved in bone loss induced by occlusal trauma with or without periodontitis, while glyburide reversed inflammation and bone resorption.
Clinical use of a new frameless optical neuronavigation system for brain biopsies: 10 cases (2013–2020)
Authors: Gutmann S. , Tästensen C. , Böttcher I. C. , Dietzel J. , Loderstedt S. , Kohl S. , Matiasek K. , Flegel T. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the retrospective study was to describe the brain biopsy procedure using a new frameless optical neuronavigation system and to report diagnostic yield and complications associated with the procedure.Materials and MethodsThe medical records for all dogs with forebrain lesions that underwent brain biopsy with a frameless optical neuronavigation system in a single referral hospital between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Following data were collected: signalment, neurological signs, diagnostic findings, number of brain biopsy samples, sampled region, complications, duration of hospitalisation, whether the samples were diagnostic and histopathological diagnoses. The device consists of a computer workstation with navigation software, an infrared camera, patient tracker and reflective instruments. The biopsy needle was equipped with reflective spheres, so the surgeon could see the position of the needle during sampling the intracranial lesion free handed through a mini‐burr hole.ResultsTen dogs were included. Absolute diagnostic yield based on specific histopathological diagnosis was 73.9%. Three dogs had immune‐mediated necrotizing encephalitis, two dogs showed a necrotizing leukoencephalitis and two dogs a meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. In two dogs, the brain specimen showed unspecific changes. In one dog, the samples were non‐diagnostic. Seven dogs showed no neurological deterioration, one dog mild temporary ataxia and two dogs died within 36 hours post brain biopsy.Clinical SignificanceIn these 10 dogs, the frameless optical neuronavigation system employed was useful to gain diagnostic brain biopsy samples. Considering the mortality rate observed, further studies are needed to confirm the safety of this procedure and prove its actual clinical effectiveness.
A computer vision‐based deep learning model to detect wrong‐way driving using pan–tilt–zoom traffic cameras
Authors: Haghighat Arya , Sharma Anuj 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHundreds of fatal accidents occur each year due to wrong‐way driving (WWD). Although several methods have been developed to detect WWD using existing closed‐circuit television (CCTV) data, they all require manual recalibration whenever a camera rotates, and are thus not scalable across statewide CCTV networks. This paper, therefore, proposes an end‐to‐end deep‐learning‐based model that considers camera orientation as a variable, detecting camera rotation automatically and learning new decision criteria accordingly using a neural network model. We show that our proposed solution can detect WWD with a precision of 0.99 and a recall of 0.97. Due to its cheap computational cost and high error tolerance, our solution is easily scalable for statewide surveillance on a real‐time basis to help decision‐makers reduce fatalities due to WWD.
How have media campaigns been used to promote and discourage healthy and unhealthy beverages in the United States? A systematic scoping review to inform future research to reduce sugary beverage health risks
Authors: Kraak Vivica I. , Consavage Stanley Katherine , Harrigan Paige B. , Zhou Mi 
Published: February 2022

SummarySugary beverage consumption is associated with many health risks. This study used a proof‐of‐concept media campaign typology to examine U.S. beverage campaigns that promoted healthy beverages and encouraged or discouraged sugary beverages. We used a three‐step systematic scoping review to identify, organize, analyze, and synthesize evidence. Step 1 used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines to search four electronic databases and gray literature through 2021. Step 2 categorized relevant media campaigns using a media campaign typology. Step 3 examined campaign evaluation outcomes. We identified 280 campaigns organized into six campaign typology categories. The media landscape was dominated by corporate marketing campaigns for branded sugary beverages (65.8%; n = 184) followed by public awareness (9.6%; n = 27), public policy (8.2%; n = 23), social marketing (7.1%; n = 20), corporate social responsibility (5.7%; n = 16), and countermarketing (3.6%; n = 10) campaigns. Evaluations for 20 unique campaigns implemented over 30 years (1992–2021) across 14 states showed reduced sugary beverage or juice and increased water or low‐fat milk sales and intake. Positive short‐term cognitive and mid–term retail and behavioral changes were reported. There was limited evidence for long‐term policy, social norm, and population health outcomes. Future research is needed to use media campaigns in strategic communications to reduce sugary beverage health risks for Americans.
Early correlates of error‐related brain activity predict subjective timing of error awareness
Authors: Di Gregorio Francesco , Maier Martin E. , Steinhauser Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHumans are remarkably reliable in detecting errors in their behavior. Whereas error awareness has been assumed to emerge not until 200–400 ms after an error, the so‐called early error sensations refer to the subjective feeling of having detected an error even before the erroneous response was executed. Here, we collected electroencephalogram (EEG) to track how early error sensations are reflected in neural correlates of performance monitoring. Participants first had to perform a task, and then had to indicate whether an error has occurred and whether this error was detected before or after response execution. EEG results showed that early error sensations were associated with an earlier peak of the error‐related negativity (Ne/ERN), a component of error‐related brain activity that occurs briefly after the error response. This demonstrates that early error‐related activity influences metacognitive judgments on the time course of error awareness, and thus contributes to error awareness.
Job Vacancy and Organizational Performance: Are Senior Managers or Street‐Level Bureaucrats Missed Most?
Authors: Wightman G. Breck , Fernandez Sergio , Rutherford Amanda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe field of public administration offers differing perspectives on the contributions of senior managers and street‐level bureaucrats to performance, focusing generally on the presence rather than absence of these actors in the policy process. This study explores whether job vacancies among senior managers and lower‐level employees affect service delivery and how any effects differ by type of employee. Using panel data from South African local governments between 2011 and 2015, we estimate the effect of vacancies among senior managers and lower‐level employees on access to water, sewage, electricity, and solid waste. Findings indicate job vacancies matter for performance and whether vacancies among senior managers or street‐level employees matter more depends on the type of service and how the delivery process is structured, including the degree of labor intensity involved in service delivery and whether the service is outsourced.
Identifying person‐specific coping responses to suicidal urges: A case series analysis and illustration of the idiographic method
Authors: Kuehn Kevin S. , Foster Katherine T. , Czyz Ewa K. , King Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of death. One challenge to prevention efforts is the wide phenomenological heterogeneity in suicidal urges, thoughts, and behaviors across individuals at risk. Despite this heterogeneity, most suicide research estimates group‐level effects by averaging across people as if they were the same, preventing detection of person‐specific factors that may modulate risk and be key to effective prevention. The goal of the present study is to illustrate the idiographic (i.e., person‐specific) approach and highlight its utility for suicide research.MethodsWe implemented a case series approach using three cases from a subset of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents who provided intensive longitudinal data on daily urges and coping behavior after discharge following a suicide attempt. For illustration, person‐specific, bidirectional links between suicidal urges and coping behavior were modeled across a series of cases using a vector autoregression approach.ResultsThe relationship between suicidal urges and coping differed across the three individuals, who were presented to exhibit the range of this variability in the presence/absence and magnitude of effects.ConclusionsIndividuals who report similar suicidal risk levels likely respond in individualized ways to suicidal urges (e.g., use different coping strategies), necessitating personalized assessment and treatment. We discuss implications for future suicide research.
The Spatial Patterns of Student Mobility Before, During and After the Bologna Process in Germany
Authors: Gareis Philipp , Broekel Tom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper contributes to the literature investigating students’ spatial mobility. By focusing on German higher education students with a novel dataset providing data from 1999 to 2015, we evaluate the impact of the change from a one‐tiered to the two‐tiered study structure of bachelor and master degrees (Bologna reform) on their inter‐regional mobility and its underlying drivers. Our analysis confirms the system change to slightly alter inter‐regional mobility of students. However, differences distinguish between different fields of study and universities und universities of applied sciences and indicate that the German higher education system is fairly resilient in its allocation of students. A Bologna‐Drain of students moving from rural to urban regions to study master programs, can partially be confirmed for students of business studies. Our results reject the idea of (low) tuition fees discouraging students from enrolling in specific locations.
Assessment of thrombin generation in horses using a calibrated automated thrombogram
Authors: Leclere Mathilde , Chevalier Zoé , Dubuc Valérie , Beauchamp Guy , Bédard Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe amount of thrombin generated reflects the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), which depends on the balance of pro‐ and anticoagulant factors. The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) allows for the direct measurement of thrombin generation during the clotting process.Objectives(1) To describe the results of the CAT assay in horses, (2) to establish intra‐assay and intra‐ and interindividual variation of thrombin generation in healthy horses, and (3) to compare in vitro low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) sensitivity between healthy and sick horses. The hypothesis for the last objective is that inhibition of thrombin generation in sick horses requires higher heparin concentrations.MethodsThe plasma of 10 healthy mixed breed horses was used for the determination of normal thrombin generation parameters (lag time, time to peak, peak thrombin concentration, and ETP). Five of the healthy horses were compared with five horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In vitro heparin sensitivity was determined using LMWH.ResultsThe intra‐assay variation was small (<5%) for all parameters. Relatively large intra‐ and interindividual variation were observed in healthy horses. Four of the five sick horses with SIRS had a thrombogram compatible with a hypercoagulable state. The in vitro heparin sensitivity test suggested decreased sensitivity to LMWH in hypercoagulable states.ConclusionsThe CAT assay could detect coagulopathy in horses. In vivo experiments are needed to confirm that it can be used to monitor responses to LMWH therapy.
Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative optical coherence tomographic features between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and normal eyes in dogs
Authors: Cho Heejong , Jeong Manbok , Lee Songhui , Yoo Sukjong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the retinal optical coherence tomographic features of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and SARDS suspect dogs.Animals studiedFourteen SARDS affected dogs, 11 age‐, breed‐, and sex‐matched control dogs, and two SARDS suspect dogs.ProceduresSpectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were used to evaluate the quantitative features, including thickness, intereye asymmetry, and longitudinal changes in retinal layer thickness and the qualitative features, including retinal architecture and vitreous haze.ResultsMean outer retinal layer thickness (ORT), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONL), and photoreceptor layer thickness (PRL) were significantly lower in the SARDS group, whereas mean inner retinal layer thickness was significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. While thickness values of all retinal layers did not differ significantly between paired eyes in each group, the absolute intereye asymmetries in the ORT (p < .0001), ONL (p = .008), and PRL (p < .0001) were significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. Some SARDS patients and SARDS suspects had a greater PRL than the control group, and serial OCT evaluation showed an increase in PRL in one SARDS suspect. Vitreous haze severity was greater in the SARDS group than in the control group (vitreous relative intensity,p = .030).ConclusionsWe described the OCT features of SARDS patients and suspects. In particular, PRL thickening in the SARDS suspects might indicate an early change in SARDS. Although further studies are needed, this finding might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SARDS.
Evaluation of contraction of the split‐thickness skin graft using three dermal matrices in the treatment of burn contractures: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Corrêa Fernanda B. , Castro Júlio C. D. , Almeida Ivan R. , Farina‐Junior Jayme A. , Coltro Pedro S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBurn injuries commonly result in serious sequelae (such as skin contractures) in surviving patients, for which no single optimal solution is known. The goal of this study was to compare the late contraction of autologous skin grafts with or without dermal matrices used in the treatment of patients with burn contractures. This parallel design prospective, randomised and controlled clinical trial included patients with burn contracture treated using autologous skin grafts and dermal matrix. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: Integra® matrix (n = 10), Pelnac® matrix (n = 10), Matriderm® matrix (n = 9) or a Control Group (n = 10, without dermal matrix, only skin graft). The boundaries of skin defect were marked and transferred to a flat sterile surface for area measurement. The current area of the skin grafts was measured during surgery and compared with those obtained at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Twelve months after surgery, the Control Group presented lower rates of skin graft contraction than Integra® (p < 0.01), Matriderm® (p = 0.01) and Pelnac® (p < 0.01) groups. Pelnac® resulted in larger skin graft contraction than Matriderm® (p < 0.01) and Integra® (p = 0.02), while differences between Integra® and Matriderm® were not significant (p = 0.16). The comparison between intraoperative and 12 months after surgery showed that the worst mean rates of skin graft contraction were from the Pelnac® (51.79%) and Matriderm® (59.17%). In patients with burn contractures, the use of these three dermal matrices did not reduce or avoid the occurrence of late contraction of the skin graft, so their use for this purpose should be carefully evaluated.
Molecular confirmation of Rickettsia parkeri in humans from Southern Mexico
Authors: Torres‐Castro Marco , Sánchez‐Montes Sokani , Colunga‐Salas Pablo , Noh‐Pech Henry , Reyes‐Novelo Enrique , Rodríguez‐Vivas Roger I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman tick‐borne rickettsioses are caused by Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia philipi and Rickettsia rickettsii in the American continent. Rickettsia parkeri represents the second most important agent of eschar‐associated spotted fever throughout the American continent. In Mexico, the presence of three strains of this bacterium (Black Gap, Maculatum and Atlantic Rainforest) has recently been reported in four species of ticks from five states (Baja California, Campeche, Sonora, Tabasco and Veracruz) and rickettsaemia was demonstrated in a dog from the state of Yucatán. We report two human cases of R. parkeri‐rickettsiosis from Yucatan, Mexico. These findings have increased the interest in R. parkeri surveillance in the human population, due to the fluctuating regional Spotted Fever morbidity and mortality in the country.
GENERATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPHEROIDS FROM MOUSE MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL
Authors: Sekenova A.Y. , Rakhymzhanova A.K. , Li E.A. , Ogay V.B. 
Published: February 2022

In comparison with two-dimensional (2D) culture, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in spheroids (3D spheroids) offer a more physiologically realistic condition. Accordingly, 3D culture has been used to improve the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and their survival after transplantation. Several methods have been developed to generate 3D spheroids of MSCs to date; however, these methods are time-consuming or expensive, thus limiting their wide application. In this study, we compared two inexpensive and simple culture methods for the generation of 3D spheroids from the MSCs of mouse compact bone: pellet culture and rotating vessels using low-binding 96-well plates. The effectiveness of the two methods was determined by the number of obtained spheroids, their diameter, and the expression of the MSC marker CD44 using morphometric and immunofluorescent methods. A higher number of homogeneous 3D spheroids was obtained from the MSCs of compact bone using a rotating vessel compared to that obtained with pellet culture. The immunofluorescence assay further showed that the developed 3D spheroids highly expressed CD44 on the cell surface. Thus, we suggest that the method of rotating vessels is effective for generating 3D spheroids from the MSCs of compact bone. This method can be used to promote research on the biology of stem cells and develop new therapeutic approaches in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.