bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalization of the Refugee South Sudanese Lost Boys in the Greater Kansas City Area.
Authors: Mabeya Danvas Ogeto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Granting American citizenship to immigrants by the United States Government remains to be the most significant indicator of apparent assimilation, other than marrying an American. In the past, the American political structure has promoted assimilation of immigrants into the mainstream society. For the refugee Sudanese Lost Boys in this study, some have either acquired permanent residency or U.S. citizenship by naturalization. During and after the interviews with the participants in this study, I was struck by the process and pattern under which these Boys acquired permanent residency or citizenship though resettled nearly the same time.
The study found, one of the most important factors that influenced acquisition of citizenship was social/economic. After more than a decade of resettlement, there was significant reverse trend in terms of acquisition of social/economic capital of those resettled as minors over those resettled as legal adults. The impact of their arbitrary assigned ages (minor’s vs Legal adults) proved problematic for most of the Boys; younger Boys did not enter the job market at a “low” level. The legal adults started earning an income, to the envy of minors who were not allowed to work at the time of their resettlement but as time went by there started to emerge a reverse trend of acquisition of capital.
QTL for resistance to black point caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in bread wheat
Authors: Gao Chuang , Song Gai li , Qu Ke fei , Li Meng yu , Jiang Yu mei , Yin Gui hong , Niu Ji shan , Tang Jian wei , Gao Yan , Li qiaoyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Black point disease has emerged as a serious concern in wheat production worldwide. In this study, we aimed to identify the major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to black point caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between PZSCL6 (highly susceptible) and Yuyou1 (slightly susceptible) was evaluated for black point resistance at four locations under conditions of inoculation with B. sorokiniana. Thirty resistant and 30 susceptible RILs were selected to form resistant and susceptible bulks, respectively, that were genotyped by the wheat 660K SNP array. Two hundred and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, among which 41(20.7%), 34 (17.2%), 22 (11.1%), 22 (11.1%) were located on chromosomes 5A, 5B, 4B and 5D, respectively. The genetic linkage map of RIL population was constructed using 150 polymorphic SSR and dCAPS markers. Finally, five QTL were detected on chromosomes 5A, 5B and 5D, designated QBB.hau-5A, QBB.hau-5B.1, QBB.hau-5B.2, QBB.hau-5D.1 and QBB.hau-5D.2, respectively. All resistance alleles were contributed by Yuyou1. QBB.hau-5D.1 may represent a new locus for black point resistance. The markers Xwmc654 and Xgwm174 linked to QBB.hau-5A and QBB.hau-5D.1, respectively, have potential utility in MAS-based breeding.
Can urban digitalization significantly improve carbon emission efficiency? Evidence from 282 cities in China
Authors: Guo Siliang , Ma Heng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Urban digitalization is a critical focus of economic development and low carbon transition. Recognizing how urban digitalization influences carbon emissions efficiency (CEE) is of great practical significance to high-quality urban development. Based on data from 2011-2019 at the municipal level in China, this paper adopts efficiency analysis and entropy value method to measure urban digitalization development and CEE and analyzes their spatial-temporal evolution characteristics. Moreover, this paper empirically tests the overall effect, time effect and spatial effect of urban digitalization on CEE as well as the effect pathway. According to research findings, urban digitalization has a significant stimulative influence over CEE. The promotion effect shows a trend of increasing over time. Urban digitalization has a positive spatial spillover effect on CEE of surrounding cities, which is conducive to accelerating the integration process of low-carbon development among cities. Urban digitalization improves CEE by raising the level of human and ICT capital and optimizing the industrial structure. The above conclusions still hold after robustness and endogenous tests. In addition, compared with cities in the eastern part of China and cities with low levels of digitalization, the promoting effect of urban digitalization on CEE is more significantly than that in the center and western part of China and cities with high digitalization levels. These discoveries have policy design reference value for the region to enhance the development strategy of urban digitalization and achieve a green development transition.
Physics-informed deep neural network for image denoising
Authors: Xypakis Emmanouil , de Turris Valeria , Gala Fabrizio , Ruocco Giancarlo , Leonetti Marco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We developed a physics-informed deep neural network architecture able to achieve signal-to-noise ratio improvements starting from low-exposure noisy data. Our model is based on the nature of the photon detection process characterized by a Poisson probability distribution, an information which we included in the training loss function. Our approach surpasses previous algorithm performance for microscopy images; moreover, the generality of the physical concepts employed here, makes it readily exportable to any imaging context.
Prevalence and associated factors of smoking among Chinese adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Bingliang , Liu Xin , Lu Wenlong , Wu Xiaobing , Li Yanyan , Zhang Ziyang , Fu Rongyin , Zhang Luge , Xiong Jingfan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Shenzhen has made great efforts to address the tobacco epidemic in the past decade. This study aims to evaluate the current status of the tobacco epidemic among adolescent in Shenzhen, China.
Methods: The multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used in the school-based cross-sectional study in 2019 and a total of 7,423 junior and high school (both senior and vocational) students were recruited. Information on cigarette use was collected by the electronic questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between current cigarette use and associated factors. ORs with their 95% CIs were reported.
Results: The prevalence of current cigarette use among adolescents was 2.3%, with boys (3.4%) significantly higher than girls (1.0%). Smoking rates in junior high schools, senior high schools, and vocational senior high schools were 1.0%, 2.7%, and 4.1%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, age, parental smoking, teachers smoking in schools, friends smoking, exposure to tobacco marketing, and misconceptions about cigarette use were risk factors for adolescent smoking behaviour.
Conclusions: The prevalence of current smoking was relatively low among adolescent in Shenzhen, China. Personal characteristics, family, and school were associated with current adolescent smokers.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block with Different Bupivacaine Concentrations in Children Undergoing Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Karadeniz Meltem Savran , Atasever Ayşe Gülşah , Salviz Emine Aysu , Bingül Emre Sertaç , Çiftçi Hayriye Şentürk , Dinçer Müşerref Beril , Sungur Mukadder Orhan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Current knowledge on the ideal local anesthetic concentration for the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in pediatrics is scarce. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of US-guided TAPB at two different concentrations of bupivacaine in pediatrics undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair.
Methods: After random allocation, 74 children aged 1-8 were randomized to receive US-guided TAPB by using 1 mg.kg-1 bupivacaine as either 0,25% (0,4 ml.kg-1) (Group 1) or 0,125% (0,8 ml.kg-1) (Group 2) concentration. All blocks were performed under general anesthesia, immediately after the induction, unilaterally with an intercostoiliac approach. All subjects received intravenous 15 mg/kg paracetamol 0.15 mg/kg dexamethasone and 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron intraoperatively. The primary outcome was the efficacy and is assessed by postoperative FLACC behavioral pain assessment score at 15’, 30’, 45’, 1h, 2h, 6h, and 24h. The secondary outcomes were to assess the total dose of rescue analgesic consumption, length of hospital stay, the incidence of side effects, complications and satisfaction levels of the patients’ parents and the surgeons.
Results: Sixty-four children were recruited for the study. Postoperative pain scores were equal between the two groups. There was no need for a rescue analgesic in any group after the postoperative 6thhour. No local or systemic complication or side effect related to anesthesia or surgery was reported.
Conclusion: TAPB using 1 mg.kg-1 bupivacaine administered as either high volume/low concentration or low volume/high concentration was providing both adequate analgesia and no side effects. TAPB is an effective analgesic technique for children undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
Successful implementation of community-based health services in conflict- Lessons from the Central African Republic and South Sudan
Authors: Rab* Faiza , Razavi S. Donya , Kone Mariam , Sohani Salim , Assefa Mekdes E. , Tiwana Muhammad Haaris , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The delivery of quality healthcare for women and children in conflict-affected settings remains a challenge that cannot be mitigated unless global health policymakers and implementers find an effective modality in these contexts. CRC and ICRC used an integrated public health approach to pilot a program for delivering community-based health services in the Central African Republic (CAR) and South Sudan in partnership with National Red Cross Societies in both countries. This study explored the feasibility, barriers, and strategies for context-specific agile programming in armed conflict affected settings.
Methods
A mixed-methods study design was used for this study. Focus groups with community health workers/volunteers, community elders, men, women, and adolescents in the community and key informant interviews with program implementers were conducted in CAR and South Sudan. Additional data related to program activities and qualitative data to validate findings from focal group discussions and key informant interviews were extracted from program implementation reports. Data were analyzed using a content analysis approach and triangulated during the study analysis and inference.
Results
In total, 15 focus groups and 16 key informant interviews were conducted, and 169 people participated in the study. Engaging community elders emerged as an overarching theme underpinning the importance of gaining community trust. The feasibility of service delivery in armed conflict settings depends on well-defined and clear messaging, community inclusiveness and a localized plan for delivery of services. Security and knowledge gaps, including language barriers and gaps in literacy, impacted service delivery. Empowering women and adolescents and providing context-specific resources can mitigate some barriers. Community engagement, collaboration and negotiating safe passage, comprehensive delivery of services and continued training were key strategies identified for agile programming in conflict settings.
Conclusion
Using an integrative community-based approach to health service delivery in CAR and South Sudan is an effective approach for humanitarian organizations operating in conflict-affected areas. To achieve successful, agile, and responsive implementation of health services in a conflict-affected setting, decision-makers should focus on effectively engaging communities, bridge inequities through the engagement of vulnerable groups, and contextualize service delivery with the support of local actors.
Analytical approach for nonlinear vibration response of the thin cylindrical shell with a straight crack
Authors: Wang Tong , Wang Chengyan , Yin Yaxing , Zhang Yankang , Li Lin , Tan Dapeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thin cylindrical shells are susceptible to cracking under long-term load and external impact, and it is of considerable scientific and technical value to investigate the nonlinear vibration response characteristics and monitor the health condition of the shell structure. Based on the Flügge shell theory, the nonlinear dynamic model for the thin cylindrical shell is established. By the partial Fourier transform combined with the residue theorem, the forced vibration generation and propagation mechanism of the thin cylindrical shell are investigated, and the analytical solution of forced vibration displacement in the space domain is obtained. Then, the local flexibility matrix is derived from the perspective of fracture mechanics, and the continuous coordination condition on both sides of the straight crack is constructed using the Linear Spring Model (LSM). Combined with the wave superposition principle, the analytical approach for nonlinear vibration response is proposed to reveal the evolution law of vibration characteristics of the thin cylindrical shell with a straight crack, and then a straight crack identification method based on natural frequency isolines and amplitude maximization methods is presented. Finally, the effect of various morphological information of the straight crack on the nonlinear vibration response characteristics of the thin cylindrical shell is studied in detail, and a numerical case is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed straight crack identification method.
Glycine to oligoglycine via sequential trimetaphosphate activation steps in drying environments
Authors: Boigenzahn Hayley , Yin John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyphosphate-mediated peptide bond formation is central to protein synthesis in modern organisms, but a simpler form of activation likely preceded the emergence of proteins and RNA. One suggested scenario involves trimetaphosphate (TP), an inorganic phosphate that promotes peptide condensation. Peptide bond formation can also be promoted by high pH and drying, but the interaction of these factors with TP has yet to be characterized kinetically. We studied the formation of glycine oligomers formed under initially alkaline conditions in the presence of TP during the process of drying. Oligopeptide products sampled over 24 hours were analyzed by functionalization and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption (UV-HPLC). As they dried, two different pH-dependent mechanisms dominated during different stages of the process. The first mechanism occurs in alkaline solutions and activates monomer amino acids to form dimers while reducing the pH. Our results then become consistent with a second mechanism that proceeds at neutral pH and consumes dimers to form longer products. The possibility that a series of reactions might occur where the first reaction changes the environment to favor the second, and so on, may have broader implications for prebiotic polymerization. Studying how the environment changes during time-varying conditions, like drying, could help us understand how organic polymers formed during the origin of life.
Multi-objective Robust Simultaneous Arrival Matching for Aerial Swarms
Authors: Fu Qianyi , Fang Shiyu , Li Jun , Zhao Wenjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present an efficient approach to solving the simultaneous arrival matching problem for aerial swarm robots under complex constraints. By leveraging Pontryagin’sminimum principle, we derive the assignment cost for any robot-target pair, which takes into account the motion planning for the simultaneous arrival of each aerial robot. Then we explicitly formulate the simultaneous arrival matching problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and present a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition(MOEA/D) with problem-specific improvement for simultaneous arrival matching (SAM),called MOEA/D-SAM. Simulation results show that the MOEA/D-SAM outperforms significantly general-purpose MOEA/D, and an off-the-shelf multi-objective algorithm, i.e., NSGA-II. The advantages of the MOEA/D-SAM over the single-objective optimization algorithm are also shown.
Cardiac hemangioma presenting as a primary cardiac tumor
Authors: Berdica Leart , Kola Erisa , Nakuci Daniela , Horjeti Edlira , Alimehmeti Mehdi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cardiac hemangiomas are very rare benign cardiac tumors. They can present at any age and clinical presentation varies according to location and size. In our patient the tumor was located in the left atrium. Left atrial hemangiomas, especially those attached to the left atrium wall, may be mistakenly diagnosed as myxomas. Therefore, we report a rare case of a cardiac hemangioma diagnosed clinically as cardiac myxoma. The tumor was removed surgically for further microscopic examination.
Ursolic acid enhances gemcitabine - induced apoptosis in bladder cancer via the PI3K/AKT and JNK signaling pathways
Authors: Huang Xiaolong , Sun Yan , Zhu Junlong , Tong Hang , Wen Peng , He Weiyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background Gemcitabine (GEM) plays an important role in the chemotherapy of bladder cancer（BCa）. However, the chemoresistance and adverse effects of gemcitabine limit its effectiveness. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural compound that exists in many natural medicinal plants and fruits, and has been demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in multiple cancers. The present study aimed to observe the antitumor effects of a combination of GEM and UA in human bladder cancer cell lines, and to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms.
Methods The human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637 were treated with GEM and/or UA in vitro. Cell viability was measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, western blot and flow cytometry. Protein expression of signaling pathways was detected by western blot.
Results UA synergistically inhibited proliferation with GEM in human bladder cancer cells. Compared with GEM treatment alone in T24 and 5637 cells, the combination of GEM and UA can enhance the antitumor effect. The PI3K/AKT and JNK signaling pathways are involved in human bladder cancer cells treated with GEM and UA. Both the Akt activator SC79 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced the expression of cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase3.
Conclusions our present data demonstrated that UA enhanced GEM-induced apoptosis by inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and activating the JNK signaling pathway. The combinational treatment strategy of GEM and UA may provide a potential rational basis for the clinical treatment of BCa.
Potential benefits of public-private partnerships to improve the efficiency of urban wastewater treatment
Authors: Meng Fanxin , Cheng Shulei , Yu Yu , Chen Jiandong , Chen Yongtao , Liu Gengyuan , Fan Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuous improvement of urban wastewater treatment efficiency (UWTE) requires effective government supervision and increased private capital. However, it is unknown to what extent this public-private partnership (PPP) can improve the UWTE. We collected data from 1,303 urban wastewater treatment PPP projects in 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2014 to 2019. These data were analysed using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression model to evaluate the effect of the PPP model on the UWTE. The UWTE was significantly higher in prefecture-level cities that introduced the PPP model in the construction and operation of a wastewater treatment infrastructure, especially those with a feasibility gap subsidy, competitive procurement, privatised operation, and non-demonstration. Furthermore, PPPs’ effect on UWTE were limited by the level of economic development, marketisation, and climatic conditions. This study presents a model for the construction and operation wastewater treatment infrastructure in developing countries lacking public funds.
Small airway dysfunction is an early physiological characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis : a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lei Yuqiong , Dai Haotian , Zhang Jingyuan , Liu Zeyu , Xu Yongle , Zhong Cheng , Zheng Qi , Lu Yi , Yang Wenlan , Ren Tao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, the central position of small airways in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) has been gradually recognized and accepted with evidence of small airway anatomical and genetic abnormalities. However, the small airway physiology of IPF patients remained unclear. This study aimed to assess the small airway physiology of IPF patients using pulmonary function test (PFT).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 138 IPF patients' and 186 control patients' small airway lung function data and medical records. A 1:1 propensity score match(PSM) for age, sex, smoking status and BMI was completed priors to the group comparison between IPF patients and controls. In addition, patients were divided into three groups according to FVC decline degree with cut-off values of 75% and 55%, and the small airway function was compared between the three groups. The impulse oscillometry system (IOS) diagnosis value was evaluated in 60 IPF patients.
Results: The total cohort comprised 138 subjects, with 53(38.4%) diagnosed with SAD. After PSM, IPF patients were predisposed to SAD compared with controls (38.0% vs.15.2%, p=0.001). Compared small airway function between patients with different disease severities, we found even for patients in the mild disease group whose FVC is almost normal, 30.6% (n=22) were diagnosed with spirometry-SAD. And we found MEF50(98.2% vs. 87.4% vs. 52.4%, p=0.001), MEF25(74.2% vs.71.9% vs. 61.3%, p=0.062) and MMEF(77.2% vs. 74.6% vs. 44.6%, p=0.002) were deteriorated with the severity of disease. The incidence of spirometry-SAD in more severe patients was higher than those with less severe disease(p=0.021). Applying IOS to 60 IPF patients, 41(68.3%) were diagnosed with IOS-SAD. There was poor concordance between spirometry and IOS for the diagnosis of SAD (Kappa value=-0.068, p=0.542). IOS showed higher sensitivity than spirometry. For patients with abnormal lung function (FVC<80%),this advantage could be even more obvious.
Conclusions: This study revealed that SAD was a common lesion of IPF patients. It should be emphasized that SAD could occur at the early stages of disease when the lung capacity has not decreased, and the incidence and degree of dysfunction were progressively aggravated with disease progression. Additionally, IOS was a powerful complementary tool for diagnosing SAD, especially for IPF patients with decreased lung function.