bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging with Everyday Sounds
Authors: Cobussen Marcel 
Published: November 2022

'Engaging With Everyday Sounds' is a rich and inspiring exploration of the role of sounds in everyday life, including their impact on human actions, emotions, and imagination. Marcel Cobussen intertwines sonic studies with philosophy, sound art, sociology and more to create an impressively lucid and innovative guide to sonic materialism, calling for a re-sensitization to our acoustic environment and arguing that everyday sounds have (micro)political, social, and ethical impact to which we should attend.
Exploring the intellectual history of sound studies as well as local, global, and temporal sonic geographies, Cobussen weaves audio files, images, and journal excerpts into his work to create a multimodal monograph that explores the relationships of humans, nonhumans, and their environments through sound. This accessible and interdisciplinary collection of short, powerful essays will be valuable reading for both academics and the general reader interested in sound studies, sound art, philosophy, or the sociology of everyday life—and for anyone keen to think about the sonic in new and engaging ways.
1 Introduction
Authors: Cobussen Marcel 
Published: November 2022

This chapter presents the volume’s purpose of providing a multimedia account of a ‘listening journey’ that the author has undertaken over the course of a year in order to gain more insight into everyday sounds, how we affect them, and how they―in turn―affect us. It emphasizes the importance of conceiving of everyday sounds as worthy of our attention, care, and receptivity, so that we can enact new patterns of engagement with these sounds.
We then turn to the first ‘diary entry’ recording the beginning of the author’s listening journey, with its accompanying audio file. Here, the author sets out further reasoning for questioning the everyday and finding the unfamiliar in the familiar.
Carefully Choose the Baseline: Lessons Learned from Applying XAI Attribution Methods for Regression Tasks in Geoscience
Authors: Mamalakis Antonios , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Ebert-Uphoff Imme 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) are used in geoscientific applications to gain insights into the decision-making strategy of neural networks (NNs), highlighting which features in the input contribute the most to a NN prediction. Here, we discuss our “lesson learned” that the task of attributing a prediction to the input does not have a single solution. Instead, the attribution results depend greatly on the considered baseline that the XAI method utilizes—a fact that has been overlooked in the geoscientific literature. The baseline is a reference point to which the prediction is compared so that the prediction can be understood. This baseline can be chosen by the user or is set by construction in the method’s algorithm—often without the user being aware of that choice. We highlight that different baselines can lead to different insights for different science questions and, thus, should be chosen accordingly. To illustrate the impact of the baseline, we use a large ensemble of historical and future climate simulations forced with the shared socioeconomic pathway 3-7.0 (SSP3-7.0) scenario and train a fully connected NN to predict the ensemble- and global-mean temperature (i.e., the forced global warming signal) given an annual temperature map from an individual ensemble member. We then use various XAI methods and different baselines to attribute the network predictions to the input. We show that attributions differ substantially when considering different baselines, because they correspond to answering different science questions. We conclude by discussing important implications and considerations about the use of baselines in XAI research.

Significance Statement
In recent years, methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) have found great application in geoscientific applications, because they can be used to attribute the predictions of neural networks (NNs) to the input and interpret them physically. Here, we highlight that the attributions—and the physical interpretation—depend greatly on the choice of the baseline—a fact that has been overlooked in the geoscientific literature. We illustrate this dependence for a specific climate task, in which a NN is trained to predict the ensemble- and global-mean temperature (i.e., the forced global warming signal) given an annual temperature map from an individual ensemble member. We show that attributions differ substantially when considering different baselines, because they correspond to answering different science questions.
Influence of Spatial Dipole Pattern in Asian Aerosol Changes on East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Ren Lili , Wei Jiangfeng , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since China implemented the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in 2013, the aerosol emissions in East Asia have been greatly reduced, while emissions in South Asia have continued to increase. This has led to a dipole pattern of aerosol emissions between South Asia and East Asia. Here, the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) responses to the dipole changes in aerosol emissions during 2013–17 are investigated using the atmosphere model of Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). We show that decreases in East Asian emissions alone lead to a positive aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) of 1.59 (±0.97) W m−2 over central-eastern China (25°–40°N, 105°–122.5°E), along with a 0.09 (±0.07)°C warming in summer during 2013–17. The warming intensified the land–sea thermal contrast and increased the rainfall by 0.32 (±0.16) mm day−1. When considering both the emission reductions in East Asia and increases in South Asia, the ERF is increased to 3.39 (±0.89) W m−2, along with an enhanced warming of 0.20 (±0.08)°C over central-eastern China, while the rainfall insignificant decreased by 0.07 (±0.16) mm day−1. It is due to the westward shift of the strengthened western Pacific subtropical high, linked to the increase in black carbon in South Asia. Based on multiple EASM indices, the reductions in aerosol emissions from East Asia alone increased the EASM strength by almost 5%. Considering the effect of the westward shift of WPSH, the dipole changes in emissions together increased the EASM by 5%–15% during 2013–17, revealing an important role of South Asian aerosols in changing the East Asian climate.
Biogeophysical Effects of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Not Detectable in Warmest Month
Authors: Grant Luke , Gudmundsson Lukas , Davin Edouard L. , Lawrence David M. , Vuichard Nicolas , Robertson Eddy , Séférian Roland , Ribes Aurélien , Hirsch Annette L. , Thiery Wim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Land-use and land-cover changes (hereafter simply “land use”) alter climates biogeophysically by affecting surface fluxes of energy and water. Yet, near-surface temperature responses to land use across observational versus model-based studies and spatial-temporal scales can be inconsistent. Here we assess the prevalence of the historical land use signal of daily maximum temperatures averaged over the warmest month of the year (tLU) using regularized optimal fingerprinting for detection and attribution. We use observations from the Climatic Research Unit and Berkeley Earth alongside historical simulations with and without land use from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to reconstruct an experiment representing the effects of land use on climate. To assess the signal of land use at spatially resolved continental and global scales, we aggregate all input data across reference regions and continents, respectively. At both scales, land use does not comprise a significantly detectable set of forcings for two of four Earth system models and their multimodel mean. Furthermore, using a principal component analysis, we find that tLU is mostly composed of the nonlocal effects of land use rather than its local effects. These findings show that, at scales relevant for climate attribution, uncertainties in Earth system model representations of land use are too high relative to the effects of internal variability to confidently assess land use.
Wave–Tide Interaction for a Strongly Modulated Wave Field
Authors: Ho Allison , Merrifield Sophia , Pizzo Nick 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Observations from Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) moored buoys off the coast of Florida reveal tidally driven wave–current interactions that modify significant wave heights by up to 25% and shift peak periods by up to a second. A case study at Fernandina Beach, Florida, shows surface waves steepening on following tidal currents and becoming less steep on opposing tidal currents, with the largest modulations occurring in the long-period swell band. To better understand tidal modulations as a function of the phase of the tide, we use simplified analytical and numerical solutions to the equations of geometrical optics and conservation of wave action under the assumption of a one-dimensional tide acting as a progressive shallow-water wave. The theoretical frameworks allow us to identify parameters that characterize the magnitude of variation in surface waves due to tidally induced currents and changes in water depth. We compute modulations to the omnidirectional and directional wave spectrum (between 0.05 and 0.15 Hz), as well as characteristic bulk parameters such as significant wave height and peak period. The theory is corroborated using directional wave and surface current observations from the Fernandina Beach CDIP station (located in water of average depth of 16 m). We find that the numerical results reproduce the observed wave modulations due to tidal currents and changes in water depth. Specifically, surface waves traveling in the direction of the tide are strongly modulated, and the relative speeds between the tide and surface waves set the sign and magnitude of these modulations. Given knowledge of tidal currents, water-depth variations, and wave climatology, theoretical and numerical predictions may be used to provide both statistical and instantaneous estimates of wave-height variations due to tides. Because operational forecasts and nowcasts do not routinely include tides or currents, these findings can help to accurately represent nearshore surface wave variability.
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards
Authors: Manser Russell P. , Ancell Brian C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Convection-allowing model (CAM) ensemble forecasts provide quantitative probabilistic guidance of convective hazards that forecasters would otherwise qualitatively assess. Various initial condition (IC) strategies can be used to generate CAM probabilistic forecasts, but it is still unclear how different configurations perform. Schwartz et al. verified five 10-member IC CAM ensembles over one month of 0000 UTC initializations with a focus on precipitation. Here, we initialize four 42-member IC CAM ensembles every 12 h over 6 weeks and verify forecasts of precipitation, column maximum reflectivity, and hourly maximum updraft helicity. The Texas Tech University real-time EnKF ensemble and three additional IC ensemble modeling systems are verified. Holding the model configuration constant, additional ICs are generated by downscaling time-lagged Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) members, applying correlated random noise to Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses, and recentering EnKF perturbations about GFS analyses. We found that ensemble ICs constructed with correlated random noise and EnKF perturbations about GFS analyses both produced higher-quality precipitation forecasts than downscaled GEFS and EnKF strategies. However, downscaled GEFS and EnKF perturbations about GFS analyses frequently initialized more skillful forecasts of reflectivity than ICs with random perturbations, suggesting that flow-dependent perturbations are important for forecasting deep convection. Even with a suboptimal EnKF configuration, our findings still echo those of Schwartz et al. We extend their work by exploring 1) verification of additional convective hazards and 2) empirical scaling of IC perturbations as a computationally inexpensive method for improving CAM ensemble forecasts.
The Violence of Non-Violence: A Systematic Mixed-Studies Review on the Health Effects of Sanctions
Authors: Chaufan Claudia , Yousefi Nora , Zaman Ifsia 
Published: November 2022

The use of sanctions as a policy tool to affect change in the political behavior of target states has increased over the past 30 years, along with a concern about their impact on civilian health. Some researchers have proposed that targeting sanctions can avoid their moral costs, yet others have challenged this claim. This systematic mixed-studies review explored the debate about targeted sanctions by appraising their health effects as reported in the medical and public health literature, with a global focus and through the COVID-19 era. We searched three electronic databases without temporal or geographical restrictions and identified 50 studies spanning three decades (1992–2021) meeting our inclusion criteria. Using a piloted form, we extracted quotations addressing our research questions and identified themes that we grouped according to the effects of sanctions on health or its determinants, generating frequency distributions to assess the strength of support for each theme. While no study posited a causal relationship between sanctions and health, or engaged the morality of sanctions, most implied that when sanctions were present, health was inevitably impacted, even for sanctions ostensibly targeted to minimize civilian harm. Our findings suggest that given the integrated nature of the global economy, it is all but impossible to design sanctions that will achieve their stated goals without inflicting significant harm on civilians. We conclude that the use of sanctions as a policy tool threatens global health and human rights, especially in times of crises.
A parametric analysis of future climate change effects on the energy performance and carbon emissions of a Chinese prefabricated timber house
Authors: Zhang Xi , Du Jiangtao , Sharples Steve 
Published: November 2022

Prefabricated timber houses have received growing attention in China recently as being one possible approach to mitigating climate change impacts. This article presents the results from a dynamic thermal simulation parametric analysis of building characteristics and primary energy consumption, embodied and operational carbon of newly built prefabricated timber house types in northern China for current and future climates (2050 and 2080). The dynamic thermal modelling software DesignBuilder (+EnergyPlus) was adopted as the simulation package. The main findings from the study were: (i) by 2080 climate change could increase energy demand by 13% for a terraced house, by 10% for a semi-detached house, and by 6% for a detached house, with corresponding increased carbon emissions of 27%, 26% and 23% respectively; (ii) in 2080, a terraced house would achieve 74% energy demand and 90% carbon emissions of a detached house; (iii) increasing the window-to-wall ratio from 0.25 to 0.45 would lead to 31% increase in energy demand, and 42% increase in carbon emissions in 2080; (iv) adjusting the configuration of key timber structural components (walls and floors) could lead to reductions of 19% in primary energy demand, 23% in operational carbon, and 6% in embodied carbon. A terraced timber house with south-facing and a window-to-wall ratio of 0.25 would be an optimal configuration to mitigate climate change impacts in northern China. The adjustment of prefabricated timber wall structure could give rise to significant reductions in primary energy consumption, operational carbon emissions, and embodied carbon.
Identity, social engagement and community participation impact physical activity levels of stroke survivors: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Espernberger Karl , Fini Natalie A , Peiris Casey L 
Published: November 2022

Objective To explore how personal characteristics and social engagement impact the physical activity levels of chronic stroke survivors. Design A mixed-methods study comprising in-depth semi-structured interviews and objective 24-h physical activity monitoring. Interviews were thematically analysed, and activity diaries were compared to activity monitor data to attain a complete picture of physical activity. Triangulation explored the relationship between perceptions, beliefs, activity levels and social engagement. Setting Community. Participants Community-dwelling, independently mobile, adult stroke survivors (n = 19). The mean age was 74 (11 SD) years, 52% female, mean time post-stroke 41 (SD 61) months. Main measures Qualitative and quantitative measures including individual semi-structured interviews, accelerometry, activity diaries, self-efficacy, Frenchay Activities Index and Barthel Index. Results Individual identity had the greatest perceived influence on post-stroke physical activity. Pre-stroke identity, meaningful activities and family culture contributed to identity; while social and community activities, self-efficacy, co-morbidities, stroke symptoms and exercise, also impacted physical activity. Participants averaged 5365 (IQR 3378–7854) steps per day and reported a mean self-efficacy for exercise score of 51 (SD 20). Triangulation showed convergent relationships between post-stroke physical activity levels and participant motivation, comorbidities, level of social and community participation, self-efficacy and pre-stroke activity levels. Conclusion Personal identity, social engagement and community participation are important factors to consider when implementing a person-centred approach to increasing physical activity participation post-stroke.
Efficacy of median nerve electrical stimulation on the recovery of patients with consciousness disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Peng , Cao Wei , Zhou Hong , Zhang Huan Xin , Zhang Lunzhong , Liu Li , Sui Yunlong , Zhang Zhen , Yin Xiaoyu , Yang Fan , Kong Li 
Published: November 2022

Objective To identify whether median nerve stimulation (MNS) may be a potential candidate for the treatment of consciousness disorders via a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang, and SinoMed databases were searched. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Disability Rating Scale (DRS), electroencephalogram (EEG), days in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and cerebral blood flow measures were compared between the median nerve stimulation and control groups. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software. Results We identified 2244 studies, of which 23 (with data from 1856 patients) qualified for the analysis. MNS improved GCS scores (mean difference [MD] = 2.15), EEG scores (MD = 1.61), cerebral mean blood flow velocity (MD = 4.23), and cerebral systolic blood flow velocity (MD = 10.51). Furthermore, it decreased DRS scores (MD = −1.77) and days in the ICU (MD = −2.02). The effects of MNS on GCS scores increased with longer treatments (1 week, MD = 1.03; 1 month, MD = 2.35) and were better with right MNS (right, MD = 2.36; bilateral, MD = 1.72). Conclusions MNS may promote recovery from consciousness disorders.
Evaluation of the predictive factors of the short-term effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation in COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Barbieri Valentina , Scarabel Luca , Bertella Laura , Scarpina Federica , Schiavone Nicola , Perucca Laura , Rossi Paolo 
Published: November 2022

Objective Functional impairments after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitute a major concern in rehabilitative settings; however, evidence assessing the efficacy of rehabilitation programs is lacking. The aim of this study was to verify the clinical characteristics that may represent useful predictors of the short-term effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Methods In this real-practice retrospective pre–post intervention cohort study, the short-term effectiveness of a multidisciplinary patient-tailored rehabilitation program was assessed through normalized variations in the Functional Independence Measure in post-acute care patients who had overcome severe COVID-19. Biochemical markers, motor and nutritional characteristics, and the level of comorbidity were evaluated as predictors of functional outcome. Length of stay in the rehabilitation ward was also considered. Results Following rehabilitation, all participants ( n = 53) reported a significant decrease in the level of disability in both motor and cognitive functioning. However, neither motor and nutritional characteristics nor comorbidities played a significant role in predicting the overall positive change registered after rehabilitation. Conclusions The results support the existing sparse evidence addressing the importance of an early rehabilitation program for patients who received intensive care and post-acute care due to severe COVID-19.
Dilemma of belimumab therapy (dis)continuation during pregnancy: Results of a retrospective study in eudravigilance
Authors: Ghalandari Nafise , Crijns Hubertina JMJ , Dolhain Radboud JEM , Hazes Johanna MW , van Puijenbroek Eugene P 
Published: November 2022

Introduction The first biologic authorized for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) up to this date, belimumab, is currently not recommended for use during pregnancy due to lack of data. Provided that the health of the child begins with the health of the mother, pregnant patients face the dilemma of cessation or continuation of belimumab. If belimumab is stopped, there will be a risk of SLE flare and its consequences for the mother and the foetus. Continuation is also not optimal because of the lack of knowledge on safety for use during pregnancy. Aim To compare the reported foetal outcomes in SLE patients who stopped scheduled belimumab within the first trimester (group A) and those who continued scheduled belimumab during the first trimester or thereafter (group B). Material and method All belimumab-exposed pregnancy-related reports were extracted from the EudraVigilance (EV) database until March 11th, 2021. After case review, repeated cases, uninformative reports, non-medical elective abortions and foetal chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Included pregnancies were divided into two groups (group A and B, as described above). Foetal outcomes were divided into live birth or foetal death (due to miscarriage or stillbirth) and were compared between both groups. Furthermore, neonatal outcomes, such as reporting rates of preterm birth, low birth weight and major congenital malformations were compared. Results No statistical difference in foetal death was observed between group A and B (reported numbers (%) = 32 (46.4) and 11 (52.4), respectively). Odds ratio (OR, [95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)]) of foetal death in group B compared to group A was 1.27 [0.48, 3.32]. Reporting rates of preterm birth and low birth weight were higher – though not statistically different – in group A. Conclusion The positive results of our study are supportive for the continuation of belimumab during pregnancy. Since the analysis is based on spontaneous reports/retrospective data, additional studies are needed to confirm the results.