bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation of Schottky groups in complex hyperbolic space
Authors: Aebischer Beat , Miner Robert 
Published: July 2002

Let

G
=
P
U
(
1
,
d
)

G=PU(1,d)

be the group of holomorphic isometries of complex hyperbolic space

H

C

d

\mathbf {H}^d_\mathbf {C}

. The latter is a Kähler manifold with constant negative holomorphic sectional curvature. We call a finitely generated discrete group

Γ
=
⟨

g
1

,
…
,

g
n

⟩
⊂
G

\Gamma = \langle g_1,\dots , g_n \rangle \subset G

a marked classical Schottky group of rank

n
n

if there is a fundamental polyhedron for

G
G

whose sides are equidistant hypersurfaces which are disjoint and not asymptotic, and for which

g
1

,
…
,

g
n

g_1, \dots , g_n

are side-pairing transformations. We consider smooth families of such groups

Γ
t

=
⟨

g

1
,
t

,
…
,

g

n
,
t

⟩

\Gamma _t = \langle g_{1,t}, \dots , g_{n,t} \rangle

with

g

j
,
t

g_{j,t}

depending smoothly (

C
1

C^1

) on

t
t

whose fundamental polyhedra also vary smoothly. The groups

Γ
t

\Gamma _t

are all algebraically isomorphic to the free group in

n
n

generators, i.e. there are canonical isomorphisms

ϕ
t

:

Γ
0

→

Γ
t

\phi _t: \Gamma _0\to \Gamma _t

. We shall construct a homeomorphism

Ψ
t

\Psi _t

of

H

¯

C

d

=

H

C

d

∪
∂

H

C

d

\overline {\mathbf {H}}^d_\mathbf {C} = \mathbf {H}^d_\mathbf {C}\cup \partial \mathbf {H}^d_\mathbf {C}

which is equivariant with respect to these groups:

ϕ
t

(
g
)
∘

Ψ
t

=

Ψ
t

∘
g

∀
g
∈

Γ
0

,

0
≤
t
≤
1

\begin{equation*} \phi _t(g) \circ \Psi _t = \Psi _t \circ g \quad \; \forall g\in \Gamma _0, \quad 0\leq t\leq 1 \end{equation*}

which is quasiconformal on

∂

H

C

d

\partial \mathbf {H}^d_\mathbf {C}

with respect to the Heisenberg metric, and which is symplectic in the interior. As a corollary, the limit sets of such Schottky groups of equal rank are quasiconformally equivalent to each other. The main tool for the construction is a time-dependent Hamiltonian vector field used to define a diffeomorphism, mapping

D
0

D_0

onto

D
t

D_t

, where

D
t

D_t

is a fundamental domain of

Γ
t

\Gamma _t

. In two steps, this is extended equivariantly to

H

¯

C

d

\overline {\mathbf {H}}^d_\mathbf {C}

. The method yields similar results for real hyperbolic space, while the analog for the other rank-one symmetric spaces of noncompact type cannot hold.
Evaluation of Optimal Assessment Schedules for Surveillance After Definitive Locoregional Treatment of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lee Hye In , Lee Jongjin , Lee Joo Ho , Wu Hong-Gyun , Kim Jin Ho , Kim Yongdai , Eom Keun-Yong 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceIn clinical practice, assessment schedules are often arbitrarily determined after definitive treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), producing heterogeneous and inconsistent surveillance plans.ObjectiveTo establish an optimal assessment schedule for patients with definitively treated locally advanced HNC, stratified by the primary subsite and HPV status, using a parametric model of standardized event-free survival curves.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective study including 2 tertiary referral hospitals and a total of 673 patients with definitive locoregional treatment of locally advanced HNC (227 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer [NPC]; 237 patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer [HPV+ OPC]; 47 patients with HPV-negative [HPV−] OPC; 65 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer [HPC]; and 97 patients with laryngeal cancer [LC]). Patients had received primary treatment in 2008 through 2019. The median (range) follow-up duration was 57.8 (6.4-158.1) months. Data analyses were performed from April to October 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTumor recurrence and secondary malignant neoplasms. Event-free survival was defined as the period from the end of treatment to occurrence of any event. Event-free survival curves were estimated using a piecewise exponential model and divided into 3 phases of regular follow-up. A 5% event rate criterion determined optimal follow-up time point and interval.ResultsThe median (range) age of the 673 patients at HNC diagnosis was 58 (15-83) years; 555 (82.5%) were men; race and ethnicity were not considered. The event rates of NPC, HPV+ OPC, HPV− OPC, HPC, and LC were 18.9% (43 of 227), 14.8% (35 of 237), 36.2% (17 of 47), 44.6% (29 of 65), and 30.9% (30 of 97), respectively. Parametric modeling demonstrated optimal follow-up intervals for HPC, LC, and NPC, respectively, every 2.1, 3.2, and 6.1 months; 3.7, 5.6, and 10.8 months; and 9.1, 13.8, and 26.5 months until 16.5, 16.5 to 25.0, and 25.0 to 99.0 months posttreatment (open follow-up thereafter). For HPV− OPC, assessment was recommended every 2.7, 4.8, and 11.8 months until 16.5, 16.5 to 25.0, and 25 to 99 months posttreatment, respectively. In contrast, HPV+ OPC optimal intervals were every 7.7, 13.7, and 33.7 months until 16.5, 16.5 to 25.0, and 25 to 99 months posttreatment, respectively. Five, 4, 12, 15, and 10 follow-up visits were recommended for NPC, HPV+ OPC, HPV− OPC, HPC, and LC, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study using parametric modeling suggests that the HNC assessment schedules should be patient tailored and evidence based to consider primary subsites and HPV status. Given limited health care resources and rising detection rates and costs of HNC, the guidelines offered by these findings could benefit patients and health systems and aid in developing future consensus guidelines.
Advances in Point‐Of‐Care Testing for Emergency Response, Infectious Diseases, and Critical Care — Novel Technologies, Practice Standards, and Improved Outcomes
Authors: Füzéry Anna K. , Kost Gerald J. , Tran Nam K. 
Published: September 2022

We present strategies forpoint‐of‐care testing(POCT) that pave the way for diagnostic portals from homes to intensive care. Now well recognized worldwide by the public and professionals alike, POCT has become ubiquitous. Its scope encompasses mobile field rescue, emergency rooms, and hospital intensive care, where rapid test results help stabilize critically ill patients.We introduce novel technologies and insights for effective application of POCT, including identifying infectious pathogens. We chronicle the discovery of the clinical significance of ionized calcium, the ‘fifth electrolyte,’ an obligatory whole‐blood analyte. We tabulate outcomes associated with whole‐blood analysis, which has progressed significantly across the globe.Progressively endemic, coronavirus disease 2019 is catapulting POCT to new heights. This striking expansion calls for more practical know‐how among laboratorians and public health officials, careful planning of POC strategies in healthcare small‐world networks, and support by national guidelines and policies, especially in limited‐resource settings.Technical, clinical, and cultural advances predict exponential growth as the world embraces faster, smaller, and smarter connected diagnostic decision making where it counts the most, at points of need. This POC paradigm shift means learning novel principles and appreciating new standards for POC devices used on ambulances for emergency rescue, so we start there.
Toolkit article: Approaches to measuring social inequities in health in human biology research
Authors: Thayer Zaneta , Uwizeye Glorieuse , McKerracher Luseadra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcross populations, human morbidity and mortality risks generally follow clear gradients, with socially‐disadvantaged individuals and groups tending to have higher morbidity and mortality at all life stages relative to those more socially advantaged. Anthropologists specialize in understanding the proximate and ultimate factors that shape variation in human biological functioning and health and are therefore well‐situated to explore the relationships between social position and health in diverse ecological and cultural contexts. While human biologists have developed sophisticated methods for assessing health using minimally‐invasive methods, at a disciplinary level, we have room for conceptual and methodological improvement in how we frame, measure, and analyze the social inequities that might shape health inequities. This toolkit paper elaborates on some steps human biologists should take to enhance the quality of our research on health inequities. Specifically, we address: (1) how to frame unequal health outcomes (i.e., inequalities vs. disparities vs. inequities) and the importance of identifying our conceptual models of how these inequities emerge; (2) how to measure various axes of social inequities across diverse cultural contexts, and (3) approaches to community collaboration and dissemination. We end by discussing (4) future directions in human biology research of health inequities, including understanding the ultimate causes of sensitivity to social inequities and transitioning from research to action.
Electrochemical Cross‐Electrophile‐Coupling for Transition‐Metal‐Free Allylic Carboxylation with Ambient CO2
Authors: Zhao Rong , Lin Zhipeng , Maksso Isaac , Struwe Julia , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of CO2as a C1 building block to access carboxylic acids is one of the key aspects in the context of carbon capture and utilization (CCU). Herein we report on an electrochemical carboxylation of allyl esters with CO2at atmospheric pressure. This strategy enabled to the synthesis of diverse carboxylic acids without the need for a transition metal catalyst. Furthermore, the mechanism was studied through ICP‐MS analysis and cyclic voltammetry studies for the cross‐electrophile CO2coupling.
Exploring the frontiers of deep underground sciences and engineering—China Yunlong Lake Laboratory is striving to be the best
Authors: Hu Lihua , Wang Jianguo , Karrech Ali , Li Xiaozhao , Zhao Peng , Liu Lulu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the establishment of deep underground infrastructure for science and engineering research. First, the representative deep underground research laboratories and facilities in the world and their functions were summarized and reviewed. Then, the plan and service target of China Yulong Lake Laboratory were proposed for the storage of resources and energy, as well as the sealing of hazardous waste in deep underground space. On this basis, this paper reveals how the facility addresses its key scientific issue on “The law of fluid matter migration in deep underground space” and engineering significance. Finally, the construction progress of the facility components was demonstrated in details. As is hoped, this paper would provide useful reference to the deep underground research community; meanwhile, international collaboration on deep underground research is highly welcome.
Supporting graduate field leadership through community‐sourced advice, action, and policy
Authors: Hayes Katherine , Carter Trevor , Cook Phoebe , Twaddell Erin , Buma Brian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcology and environmental science graduate degrees often involve fieldwork, frequently led by the graduate student. Few formal resources exist to support graduate students in successfully planning and implementing a data collection field campaign, even though this experience may be fundamental to completing a graduate degree. Graduate fieldwork requires leading and managing a team, often in unique circumstances (including long hours, remote regions, etc.), and therefore can be challenging even for those with previous leadership or field experience. Our objectives were to (1) collect general advice for graduate students on leading fieldwork safely and effectively, (2) solicit specific suggestions on resources and actions to take before, during, and after the field season, and (3) develop a series of recommendations for labs, departments, and universities to better prepare and support their students. We developed a survey to solicit community input and distributed it widely to the ecological sciences community via email LISTSERVs and social media. Here, we present results from the survey responses, including a summary of the perceived challenges that graduate students face while leading their own fieldwork, suggestions for how to prepare and complete fieldwork successfully, and a compilation of resources. Graduate field leaders can improve success via clear communication, risk assessment and procedural planning implemented before, during, and after the field season. Labs, principal investigators, departments, and professional societies can support graduate field leaders by formalizing institutional resources, financial support, and incentivizing skill development. Field leadership is a critical skill to develop during graduate education, and contributes to the success, retention, and advancement of researchers in the natural sciences.
“We can hardly even do it nowadays. So, what's going to happen in 5 years from now, 10 years from now?” The health and community care and support needs and preferences of older people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada: a qualitative study
Authors: Murzin Kate , Racz Elizabeth , Behrens D. M. , Conway Tracey , Da Silva George , Fitzpatrick Eimear , Lindsay Joanne D. , Walmsley Sharon L. ,   the PANACHE study team
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe population of people living with HIV (PLWH) is ageing consequent to effective treatment and a steady stream of new diagnoses among older adults. PLWH experience a greater burden of age‐related comorbidities and poorer social determinants of health compared to their HIV‐negative peers, yet comprehensive requisites for care and support as PLWH age remain poorly understood. Preferences And Needs for Ageing Care among HIV‐positive Elderly people in Ontario, Canada (PANACHE ON), explored the health and community care and social support needs and preferences of a diverse group of older PLWH (age 60+) and described life course experiences among older PLWH that shape these needs and preferences and whether they are met.MethodsPANACHE ON was a qualitative community‐based participatory research study. In‐person focus groups using a semi‐structured interview guide were co‐facilitated by pairs of trained older PLWH from July to October 2019. Purposive sampling bolstered the inclusion of communities disproportionately affected by HIV in Ontario. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize demographic data; participatory data analysis was conducted by a subset of the research team, with transcripts double‐coded and analysed using NVIVO 12 Plus.ResultsA total of 73 PLWH participated, 66% identified as men. The mean age was 64 years (range 55–77) and median time living with HIV was 23 years (range 2–37). The current and anticipated needs of older PLWH, many of which were only partially met, included necessities such as food and housing, mobility and sensory aids, in‐home support, social and emotional support, transportation and information. Three experiences—trauma, stigma and uncertainty—intersected in the lives of many of our participants, shaping their needs for care and support, and impacting the ease with which these needs were met.ConclusionsUnmet health and social needs and limited control over the availability and accessibility of ageing‐related care and support due to resource constraints or reduced capacity for self‐advocacy results in anxiety about the future among older PLWH, despite their well‐developed coping strategies and experience navigating systems of care. These study findings will inform the development of the first national needs assessment of older PLWH in Canada.
Neurosurgical Implant Safety in 7 T MRI: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shaffer Annabelle , Weisbaum David , Naik Anant , Anderson Aaron , Wszalek Tracey , Cohen Mark , Sutton Brad , Webb Andrew , Damon Bruce , Arnold Paul M. 
Published: September 2022

The use of 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expanding across neurosurgical and neurologic specialties. However, few neurosurgical‐related implants have been tested for safety at 7 T, limiting its use in patients with cranial fixation, shunt placements, and other implants. Implant safety can be determined via the American Society for Testing Materials International (ASTM) guidelines. To assess the current state of neurosurgical implant safety at 7 T, a systematic search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, and citation matching. Studies written in English that included at least one neurosurgical implant and at least one safety outcome were included. Data were extracted for implant studied, implant composition, deflection angle, torque, temperature change, and ASTM guidelines followed. PRISMA reporting guidelines for scoping reviews were followed. Overall, 18 studies consisting of 45 unique implants were included. Implants included cranial fixation devices, aneurysm clips, spinal rods, pedicle screws, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, deep brain stimulation devices, and electroencephalogram (EEG) caps and electrodes. Cranial fixation devices, deep brain stimulation devices, spinal rods, and pedicle screws are likely 7 T MRI compatible based on outcomes reported. Aneurysm clips and EEG devices had variable safety outcomes. The VP shunts studied lost functionality after 7 T MRI exposure. We identified several implants that are likely compatible with 7 T MRI. Given the growth in 7 T imaging and expansion of the technology, neurosurgical implants should be constructed with the aforementioned considerations. Caution must be taken with all implants, especially aneurysm clips, programmable VP shunts, and EEG recording devices. It is also noteworthy that several implant testing reports did not report following ASTM standards. This scoping review seeks to concisely summarize all neurosurgical‐related implants that have been tested for safety in 7 T MRI.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Predictive Modeling of Huntington's Disease Unfolds Thalamic and Caudate Atrophy Dissociation
Authors: Castro Eduardo , Polosecki Pablo , Pustina Dorian , Wood Andrew , Sampaio Cristina , Cecchi Guillermo A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtrophy in the striatum is a hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD), including the period before clinical motor diagnosis (before‐CMD), but it extends to other subcortical structures. The study of the covariation of these structures could improve the detection of disease‐related longitudinal progression before‐CMD, provide mechanistic insights of the disease, and potentially be used to obtain accurate prospective estimates of atrophy before‐CMD and early after‐CMD.MethodsWe analyzed data from 337 before‐CMD individuals, 236 healthy control subjects, and 95 early after‐CMD individuals from three studies, and we used nine subcortical regions volumes in two analyses. First, we discriminated before‐CMD from healthy control trajectories by integrating volume changes from these regions. Second, we estimated prospective atrophy before‐CMD and early after‐CMD by considering the influence of a region's present volume over the future volume of another one.ResultsBefore‐CMD progression was robustly detected across studies. Indeed, detection of before‐CMD progression improved when multiple structures were integrated, as opposed to analyzing the striatum alone, likely because of the reduced partial correlation between caudate and thalamic volume change before‐CMD. Our multivariate atrophy prediction model found a thalamus–caudate association that is consistent with this pattern, which yields an improved caudate atrophy prediction in early after‐CMD.ConclusionsThis study is the first attempt to validate before‐CMD multivariate subcortical change detection across studies and to do multivariate prospective atrophy prediction in HD. These models achieve improved performance by detecting a dissociation between caudate and thalamic atrophy trajectories, and they provide a possible mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of HD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The regulatory breadth index: A new tool for the measurement and comparison of state‐level charity regulation in the United States
Authors: Lott Cindy M. , Shelly Mary L. , Dietz Nathan , Mitchell George E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe bulk of charity regulation in the United States occurs at the state level, yet state‐level charity regulation remains relatively under‐researched within nonprofit scholarship, particularly from a comparative perspective. The complexity and variation in statutory regulation, coupled with the large volume of legal research required to study state‐level charity regulation systematically, has impeded scholarly progress toward a better understanding of the US charitable sector. We address this problem by deriving a state‐level charity regulatory breadth index (RBI) that will enable nonprofit researchers to contextualize state‐level charity research within a broader framework and to incorporate state‐level regulation into analyses across states. Policymakers can also benefit from the ability to benchmark their regulatory regimes against their peers.
Identifying aspects of complex and technological systems in the mental models of students who constructed computational models of electric circuits
Authors: Saba Janan , Langbeheim Elon , Hel‐Or Hagit , Levy Sharona T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectricity, especially the flow of current, is a challenging topic for students of all ages. This study conceptualizes students' explanation of electric current as a cluster of knowledge elements. These clusters, in turn, represent students' mental models of electric circuits. Thus, this study aims to identify and characterize students' mental models of electric circuits and to determine, through these mental models, how the students' perception of electric circuits changed as they constructed and explored micro‐level computational models. Using clustering methods, we identified five mental models, ranging between a naive technology perspective model and a more advanced complex systems perspective model. We employed a quasi‐experimental, pretest‐intervention‐posttest‐comparison‐group design, comparing the mental model development of 33 students who constructed models of electric conductors using the Much.Matter.in.Motion (MMM) modeling platform, with that of 23 students who learned in a normative curriculum. Both groups completed identical pre‐ and posttest questionnaires, and three students from the experimental group were interviewed before and after the intervention. As expected, we found that students who learned by constructing computational models with the MMM platform exhibited greater shifts in the sophistication of their mental models compared with students who experienced the normative teaching approach.