bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomagnetic and Solar Dependencies of Midlatitude E‐Region Irregularity Occurrence Rate: A Climatology Based on Wuhan VHF Radar Observations
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhou Chen , Xu Tong , Deng Zhongxin , Du Zhitao , Lan Ting , Tang Qiong , Zhu Yunzhou , Wang Zhuangkai , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBy using Wuhan VHF radar, we show the morphological features of E‐region field‐aligned irregularity (FAI) occurrence at Wuhan during 2015–2020. Statistical results present that E‐region FAI occurrence reaches a maximum after sunset in summer season. According to Doppler spectrum features, type‐2 irregularity is predominantly observed at Wuhan. In addition, we observed a remarkable correlation between E‐region FAI occurrence and geomagnetic activity, which includes periods of positive correlation and negative correlation depending on different geomagnetic conditions. The strong negative correlation also exists between E‐region FAI occurrence and solar activity. In our observed results, we find that E‐region FAI occurrence shows a strong linkage with local sporadic E (ES) layer. A quantitative analysis of linear theory of plasma instability in the E‐region at midlatitudes is also presented in our study. The calculated results of linear growth rate indicate the importance of plasma density gradient of local ES layer and field‐line‐integrated Pedersen conductivity on the generation of E‐region FAI. The geomagnetic and solar variations of E‐region FAI occurrence are also discussed in this study, which show a dependence on the geomagnetic and solar variations of both meteor rate and medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance occurrence.
Ionizing radiation-induced long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 regulates YAP/TAZ through mechanotransduction
Authors: Zheng Lijun , Luo Chenyu , Yang Nan , Pei Hailong , Ji Mintao , Shu Yinyin , Zhang Zhisen , Dong Shuai , Wang Xiuxiu , Li Xuemei , Zhang Wensheng , Wang Yan , Li Bingyan , Hei Tom K. , Zhou Guangming , Chang Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMechanotransduction sensing of tissue architecture and cellular microenvironment is a fundamental regulator of cell fate, including cancer. Meanwhile, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play multifunctions during cancer development and treatment. However, the link between lncRNAs and cellular mechanotransduction in the context of cancer progression has not yet been elucidated. In this study, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we find that ionizing radiation reduces tumor stiffness. Ionizing radiation-induced lncRNA CRYBG3 can blunt YAP/TAZ activity through interference with mechanotransduction, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells. In vivo, we found that loss of lncRNA CRYBG3 could power the tumor initiation and metastasis ability, but this was abolished by concomitant deplete TAZ. At the molecular level, lncRNA CRYBG3 that in turn dysregulates F-actin organization, activates the LATS1/2 kinase, all in all resulting in YAP/TAZ nuclear exclusion. Our research proposes that lncRNA CRYBG3 is a mediator of radiotherapy through its control of cancer-tissue mechanotransduction and wiring YAP/TAZ activity to control tumor growth and metastasis.
Osteopontin aggravates acute lung injury in influenza virus infection by promoting macrophages necroptosis
Authors: Wang Jinping , Li Xuehui , Wang Yuchong , Li Yuyu , Shi Fan , Diao Hongyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfection with influenza A virus (IAV) can trigger pulmonary inflammation and lung damage. Osteopontin (OPN) is an essential regulator of cell death and immunity. However, the role and underlying mechanism of OPN in cell death in IAV-induced pulmonary injury remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that OPN-deficient (OPN−/−) mice were insensitive to IAV, exhibiting decreased viral loads and attenuated lung injury after IAV infection compared to those in wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, macrophage necroptosis was significantly reduced in OPN−/− mice infected with IAV compared to that in infected WT mice. OPN increased the expression of necroptosis-related genes and exacerbated macrophage necroptosis in IAV-infected THP1 cells. Notably, adoptive transfer of WT bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) or OPN−/− BMDMs into mice restored resistance to influenza infection, and the rescue effect of OPN−/− BMDMs was better than that of WT BMDMs. Collectively, these results suggest that OPN deficiency in macrophages reduces necroptosis, which leads to a decrease in viral titers and protects against IAV infection. Therefore, OPN is a potential target for the treatment of IAV infection.
Gendered genital modifications in critical anthropology: from discourses on FGM/C to new technologies in the sex/gender system
Authors: Fusaschi Michela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the late 19th century, genital modifications (female and male) have been an important research subject in anthropology. According to a comparative and constructivist perspective, they were first interpreted as rites of passage, then as rites of institutions. In a complex dialogue with feminist movements, 20th-century scholars recognised that the cultural meanings of these modifications are multiple and changing in time and space. Conversely, according to WHO, since the 1950s, Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) has been considered a form of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG). Interpreted as VAWG, FGM/C has progressively been isolated from its complementary male rite, selected for special condemnation, and banned. An order of discourse has been built by WHO and other international organisations. This article provides a genealogic deconstruction of the order of discourse lexicon, highlighting dislocations between anthropology and the human rights agenda. Today, genital modifications encompass FGM/C, male circumcision, clitoral reconstruction after FGM/C, gender reassignment surgery, and intersex and ‘cosmetic’ genital surgery. I propose to call these procedures Gendered Genital Modifications (GGMo). GGMo implicates public health, well-being, potential harm, sexuality, moral and social norms, gender empowerment, gender violence, and prohibitive and permissive policies and laws. The selective production of knowledge on FGM/C has reinforced the social and political polarisation between practices labelled as barbaric and others considered modern, accessible, and empowering. I suggest an anthropological interpretation for the socio-cultural meanings of health, sexuality, purity and beauty. I propose future interdisciplinary studies of how consent, bodily integrity and personal autonomy bear on concepts of agency and subjectivity in the sex/gender system.
Mechanical control of nuclear import by Importin-7 is regulated by its dominant cargo YAP
Authors: García-García María , Sánchez-Perales Sara , Jarabo Patricia , Calvo Enrique , Huyton Trevor , Fu Liran , Ng Sheung Chun , Sotodosos-Alonso Laura , Vázquez Jesús , Casas-Tintó Sergio , Görlich Dirk , Echarri Asier , Del Pozo Miguel A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMechanical forces regulate multiple essential pathways in the cell. The nuclear translocation of mechanoresponsive transcriptional regulators is an essential step for mechanotransduction. However, how mechanical forces regulate the nuclear import process is not understood. Here, we identify a highly mechanoresponsive nuclear transport receptor (NTR), Importin-7 (Imp7), that drives the nuclear import of YAP, a key regulator of mechanotransduction pathways. Unexpectedly, YAP governs the mechanoresponse of Imp7 by forming a YAP/Imp7 complex that responds to mechanical cues through the Hippo kinases MST1/2. Furthermore, YAP behaves as a dominant cargo of Imp7, restricting the Imp7 binding and the nuclear translocation of other Imp7 cargoes such as Smad3 and Erk2. Thus, the nuclear import process is an additional regulatory layer indirectly regulated by mechanical cues, which activate a preferential Imp7 cargo, YAP, which competes out other cargoes, resulting in signaling crosstalk.
Keyhole fluctuation and pore formation mechanisms during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Huang Yuze , Fleming Tristan G. , Clark Samuel J. , Marussi Sebastian , Fezzaa Kamel , Thiyagalingam Jeyan , Leung Chu Lun Alex , Lee Peter D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKeyhole porosity is a key concern in laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF), potentially impacting component fatigue life. However, some keyhole porosity formation mechanisms, e.g., keyhole fluctuation, collapse and bubble growth and shrinkage, remain unclear. Using synchrotron X-ray imaging we reveal keyhole and bubble behaviour, quantifying their formation dynamics. The findings support the hypotheses that: (i) keyhole porosity can initiate not only in unstable, but also in the transition keyhole regimes created by high laser power-velocity conditions, causing fast radial keyhole fluctuations (2.5–10 kHz); (ii) transition regime collapse tends to occur part way up the rear-wall; and (iii) immediately after keyhole collapse, bubbles undergo rapid growth due to pressure equilibration, then shrink due to metal-vapour condensation. Concurrent with condensation, hydrogen diffusion into the bubble slows the shrinkage and stabilises the bubble size. The keyhole fluctuation and bubble evolution mechanisms revealed here may guide the development of control systems for minimising porosity.
Hysteresis stabilizes dynamic control of self-assembled army ant constructions
Authors: McCreery Helen F. , Gemayel Georgina , Pais Ana Isabel , Garnier Simon , Nagpal Radhika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiological systems must adjust to changing external conditions, and their resilience depends on their control mechanisms. How is dynamic control implemented in noisy, decentralized systems? Army ants’ self-assembled bridges are built on unstable features, like leaves, which frequently move. Using field experiments and simulations, we characterize the bridges’ response as the gaps they span change in size, identify the control mechanism, and explore how this emerges from individuals’ decisions. For a given gap size, bridges were larger after the gap increased rather than decreased. This hysteresis was best explained by an accumulator model, in which individual decisions to join or leave a bridge depend on the difference between its current and equilibrium state. This produces robust collective structures that adjust to lasting perturbations while ignoring small, momentary shifts. Our field data support separate joining and leaving cues; joining is prompted by high bridge performance and leaving by an excess of ants. This leads to stabilizing hysteresis, an important feature of many biological and engineered systems.
Neuronal activity in sensory cortex predicts the specificity of learning in mice
Authors: Wood Katherine C. , Angeloni Christopher F. , Oxman Karmi , Clopath Claudia , Geffen Maria N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLearning to avoid dangerous signals while preserving normal responses to safe stimuli is essential for everyday behavior and survival. Following identical experiences, subjects exhibit fear specificity ranging from high (specializing fear to only the dangerous stimulus) to low (generalizing fear to safe stimuli), yet the neuronal basis of fear specificity remains unknown. Here, we identified the neuronal code that underlies inter-subject variability in fear specificity using longitudinal imaging of neuronal activity before and after differential fear conditioning in the auditory cortex of mice. Neuronal activity prior to, but not after learning predicted the level of specificity following fear conditioning across subjects. Stimulus representation in auditory cortex was reorganized following conditioning. However, the reorganized neuronal activity did not relate to the specificity of learning. These results present a novel neuronal code that determines individual patterns in learning.
Endothelial Unc5B controls blood-brain barrier integrity
Authors: Boyé Kevin , Geraldo Luiz Henrique , Furtado Jessica , Pibouin-Fragner Laurence , Poulet Mathilde , Kim Doyeun , Nelson Bryce , Xu Yunling , Jacob Laurent , Maissa Nawal , Agalliu Dritan , Claesson-Welsh Lena , Ackerman Susan L. , Eichmann Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBlood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is critical for proper function of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that the endothelial Unc5B receptor controls BBB integrity by maintaining Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inducible endothelial-specific deletion of Unc5B in adult mice leads to BBB leak from brain capillaries that convert to a barrier-incompetent state with reduced Claudin-5 and increased PLVAP expression. Loss of Unc5B decreases BBB Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and β-catenin overexpression rescues Unc5B mutant BBB defects. Mechanistically, the Unc5B ligand Netrin-1 enhances Unc5B interaction with the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, induces its phosphorylation and activates Wnt/β-catenin downstream signaling. Intravenous delivery of antibodies blocking Netrin-1 binding to Unc5B causes a transient BBB breakdown and disruption of Wnt signaling, followed by neurovascular barrier resealing. These data identify Netrin-1-Unc5B signaling as a ligand-receptor pathway that regulates BBB integrity, with implications for CNS diseases.
Hydrogen spillover in complex oxide multifunctional sites improves acidic hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Dai Jie , Zhu Yinlong , Chen Yu , Wen Xue , Long Mingce , Wu Xinhao , Hu Zhiwei , Guan Daqin , Wang Xixi , Zhou Chuan , Lin Qian , Sun Yifei , Weng Shih-Chang , Wang Huanting , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImproving the catalytic efficiency of platinum for the hydrogen evolution reaction is valuable for water splitting technologies. Hydrogen spillover has emerged as a new strategy in designing binary-component Pt/support electrocatalysts. However, such binary catalysts often suffer from a long reaction pathway, undesirable interfacial barrier, and complicated synthetic processes. Here we report a single-phase complex oxide La2Sr2PtO7+δ as a high-performance hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in acidic media utilizing an atomic-scale hydrogen spillover effect between multifunctional catalytic sites. With insights from comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations, the overall hydrogen evolution pathway proceeds along three steps: fast proton adsorption on O site, facile hydrogen migration from O site to Pt site via thermoneutral La-Pt bridge site serving as the mediator, and favorable H2 desorption on Pt site. Benefiting from this catalytic process, the resulting La2Sr2PtO7+δ exhibits a low overpotential of 13 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 22 mV dec−1, an enhanced intrinsic activity, and a greater durability than commercial Pt black catalyst.
Retrosynthetic reaction pathway prediction through neural machine translation of atomic environments
Authors: Ucak Umit V. , Ashyrmamatov Islambek , Ko Junsu , Lee Juyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDesigning efficient synthetic routes for a target molecule remains a major challenge in organic synthesis. Atom environments are ideal, stand-alone, chemically meaningful building blocks providing a high-resolution molecular representation. Our approach mimics chemical reasoning, and predicts reactant candidates by learning the changes of atom environments associated with the chemical reaction. Through careful inspection of reactant candidates, we demonstrate atom environments as promising descriptors for studying reaction route prediction and discovery. Here, we present a new single-step retrosynthesis prediction method, viz. RetroTRAE, being free from all SMILES-based translation issues, yields a top-1 accuracy of 58.3% on the USPTO test dataset, and top-1 accuracy reaches to 61.6% with the inclusion of highly similar analogs, outperforming other state-of-the-art neural machine translation-based methods. Our methodology introduces a novel scheme for fragmental and topological descriptors to be used as natural inputs for retrosynthetic prediction tasks.
Efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer and HRD biomarkers: utility of exome sequencing
Authors: Galland Loïck , Ballot Elise , Mananet Hugo , Boidot Romain , Lecuelle Julie , Albuisson Juliette , Arnould Laurent , Desmoulins Isabelle , Mayeur Didier , Kaderbhai Courèche , Ilie Silvia , Hennequin Audrey , Bergeron Anthony , Derangère Valentin , Ghiringhelli François , Truntzer Caroline , Ladoire Sylvain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer (MBC) is frequently managed by platinum-based chemotherapy during the disease course. The real benefit of these treatments is uncertain at advanced stages of the disease and in non-triple-negative subtypes. Since homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) could inform about tumor sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, we aimed to determine biomarkers of genomic instability, and their link with platinum efficacy. In this single-center study, we report BRCA1/2 mutational status, HRD score and signature 3 levels, all obtained by tumor exome sequencing, in 86 patients with various subtypes of MBC and who received platinum-based chemotherapy. Overall response rate, disease control rate, PFS and PFS2/PFS1 ratio were evaluated to assess platinum-based chemotherapy efficacy. Among the 86 tumor samples analyzed, 7 harbored BRCA1/2 mutations. We found a subset of BRCA-proficient MBC with high HRD score or high S3 levels, comparable to BRCA-mutated tumors. However, these patients with high HRD score or high S3 tumor level do not seem to benefit more from platinum-based chemotherapy than the others, in terms of response rates and/or PFS, regardless of BC molecular subtype. By multivariate analysis, only the absence of liver metastases was independently associated with significantly better PFS on platinum-based chemotherapy. However, some of our exploratory analyses reveal that certain methods, when optimized, seem to associate with platinum benefit. Tumor exome sequencing methodology for quantifying HRD has to be approached systematically, and further validated and standardized prior to its clinical use. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results to guide platinum use in MBC.
Topological frequency shift of quantum oscillation in CaFeAsF
Authors: Terashima Taichi , Uji Shinya , Wang Teng , Mu Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGuo, Alexandradinata, et al. have recently proposed that quantum-oscillation frequencies from Dirac/Weyl fermions exhibit a negative shift proportional to T2 because of the energy dependence of the effective mass peculiar to a linear band-dispersion. We have measured Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation in CaFeAsF up to T = 9 K. The frequency of the α Dirac electron exhibits a negative shift with increasing T, while that of the β Schrödinger hole does not. For T ⩾ 5 K where β is negligible, the α-frequency shift is proportional to T2 and its rate agrees with the theoretical prediction within experimental accuracy. At lower temperatures, the shifts of α and β deviate from theoretical expectations, which we ascribe to the inaccuracy in the frequency determination due to unfavorable interference between frequencies. Our results confirm that the topological frequency shift can be utilized to identify Dirac/Weyl fermions when quantum-oscillation frequencies can be determined accurately.
fMRI-based validation of continuous-wave fNIRS of supplementary motor area activation during motor execution and motor imagery
Authors: Klein Franziska , Debener Stefan , Witt Karsten , Kranczioch Cornelia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompared to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has several advantages that make it particularly interesting for neurofeedback (NFB). A pre-requisite for NFB applications is that with fNIRS, signals from the brain region of interest can be measured. This study focused on the supplementary motor area (SMA). Healthy older participants (N = 16) completed separate continuous-wave (CW-) fNIRS and (f)MRI sessions. Data were collected for executed and imagined hand movements (motor imagery, MI), and for MI of whole body movements. Individual anatomical data were used to (i) define the regions of interest for fMRI analysis, to (ii) extract the fMRI BOLD response from the cortical regions corresponding to the fNIRS channels, and (iii) to select fNIRS channels. Concentration changes in oxygenated ($$\Delta [HbO]$$

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) hemoglobin were considered in the analyses. Results revealed subtle differences between the different MI tasks, indicating that for whole body MI movements as well as for MI of hand movements $$\Delta [HbR]$$

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is the more specific signal. Selection of the fNIRS channel set based on individual anatomy did not improve the results. Overall, the study indicates that in terms of spatial specificity and task sensitivity SMA activation can be reliably measured with CW-fNIRS.
Aluminous hydrous magnesium silicate as a lower-mantle hydrogen reservoir: a role as an agent for material transport
Authors: Nakatsuka Akihiko , Yoshiasa Akira , Ohkawa Makio , Ito Eiji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe potential for storage of a large quantity of water/hydrogen in the lower mantle has important implications for the dynamics and evolution of the Earth. A dense hydrous magnesium silicate called phase D is a potential candidate for such a hydrogen reservoir. Its MgO–SiO2–H2O form has been believed to be stable at lower-mantle pressures but only in low-temperature regimes such as subducting slabs because of decomposition below mantle geotherm. Meanwhile, the presence of Al was reported to be a key to enhancing the thermal stability of phase D; however, the detailed Al-incorporation effect on its stability remains unclear. Here we report on Al-bearing phase D (Al-phase D) synthesized from a bridgmanite composition, with Al content expected in bridgmanite formed from a representative mantle composition, under over-saturation of water. We find that the incorporation of Al, despite smaller amounts, into phase D increases its hydrogen content and moreover extends its stability field not only to higher temperatures but also presumably to higher pressures. This leads to that Al-phase D can be one of the most potential reservoirs for a large quantity of hydrogen in the lower mantle. Further, Al-phase D formed by reaction between bridgmanite and water could play an important role in material transport in the lower mantle.
The symptom discounting effect: what to do when negative genetic test results become risk factors for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Ahn Woo-kyoung , Perricone Annalise M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost consumers of genetic testing for health conditions test negative, yet the psychological perils of this are hardly known. In three experiments (N = 2103) participants discounted repercussions of alcohol use disorder (AUD), after learning or imagining that they were not genetically predisposed to AUD. Such discounting can lead people to avoid treatment and to feel safe to continue or even increase their drinking, ironically turning the negative genetic feedback into a risk factor for AUD. Concerningly, the debriefing currently used by a direct-to-consumer genetic testing company failed to counteract this discounting among those already engaging in problematic drinking in all three studies. It was hypothesized that this discounting derives from not understanding the Causal Markov condition; once AUD symptoms are present, their ramifications remain the same regardless of whether genes or environmental factors caused the symptoms. Educating participants about this principle successfully mitigated the irrational discounting of threats of AUD.