bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maastik kui mänguväljak
Authors:   Centre for Landscape and Culture at the School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia, Palang Hannes 
Published: December 2022

This paper studies further the idea expressed by Paul Claval about landscape as a playground. For a decade, scholars have wondered whether games such as geocaching could be used if not in planning, then at least in getting feedback about people’s landscape preferences. This paper studies the role of geocaching in landscape changes through three lenses: geocaching as consumption of nature’s contribution to people, as influence on the environment, and as place making. The author concludes that, first, landscape can indeed serve as a playground and let the players inscribe on its layers of meaning understandable only for the dedicated (initiated). Second, the hope for getting feedback about preferences will probably fail, as the players care more about the contents of the game, but at the same time we could get insights into the preferences of the player communities. Finally, the game allows for recreating and remembering places and telling stories.
Modeling the drying process of Masson pine needle fuel beds under different packing ratios based on two-phase models in the laboratory
Authors: Zhang Yunlin 
Published: December 2022

Background
When the moisture content of a fuel bed is higher than the fiber saturation moisture content (0.35 g g−1), the drying process is controlled by evaporation (>0.35 g g−1) and diffusion (>0.35 g g−1). Packing ratio has a significant effect on the drying process. Ignoring the impacts of packing ratio or the separate phases of the drying process is one main reason for inaccurate moisture content predictions.

Method
This study simulated the drying process in five Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) needle beds with different packing ratios. Using the fiber saturation moisture content as the cut-off point, we divided the drying process into two phases. The drying mechanism of each phase was different and had its own drying equation. Using a model that does not distinguish the two phases of the drying process as a comparison, the prediction effect of the two-phase model was analyzed. The influence of the fuel bed packing ratio on the drying process was also analyzed.

Results
We found that, regardless of any changes in packing ratio, the two-phase model could better simulate the drying process, with a mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the two-phase model 18.4% and 25.6% less than the one-phase model, respectively. The time-lag prediction model was established with the packing ratio, and the errors were all within the allowable range, but the prediction effect of the time-lag prediction model based on the two-phase model was larger.

Conclusion
It was further demonstrated that considering the packing ratio of the fuel bed and distinguishing the two separate phases of the drying process could both effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the moisture content of fuel beds based on the semi-physical method.
Change of Some Soil Physical Properties in Newly Reclaimed Soils Following Poor Soil Management: A Case Study in Al-Qasasin, Egypt
Authors: Hussien E. A. Abou , Abou-Baker N. H. , Fotoh M. S. M. Abou Al , Kotb E. K. M. 
Published: December 2022

Background: In newly reclaimed areas, some improper farming practices like using heavy machines in tillage, adding excessive quantity of fertilizers, irrigation by flooding method and intensity cultivation could affect the soil physical properties.
Objective‎: Therefore, eighty soil samples were collected from the twenty-seven profiles to evaluate the change of soils' physical properties at four locations (A, B, C and D) after different improper soil managements.
Methods‎: The study area is located in Al-Qasasin, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt northern tip of it extended between latitudes 30° 33' 1.147" N and 30° 28' 16.096" N, and longitudes 32° 4' 12.984" E and 32° 4' 15.696" E, with total area of 144.25 km2 (34345.1 Feddan) which falls in the semi-arid zone. Profile depth, soil texture, total porosity (TP), bulk density (BD), hydraulic conductivity (HC) and infiltration rate (IR) were determined according to the standard procedures.
Results: According to the values of general mean of the studied properties in the four locations, BD takes the order: C>B>A>D. While the TP take the opposite trend of BD (D>A>B>C), on the other hand, both HC and IR follow the same order: C>A>B>D. These results attributed to that the locations B and D using surface flooding irrigation system, while A and C locations using sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. In addition to the intensive cultivation and the conventional tillage planting system are used in the B and D locations. Where the tillage tools like heavy plows, disks or chisels are used seasonally. While in A and C sites light tillage and orchards planting only are used commonly.
Conclusion: These findings should be considered in future research to improve the soil management programs in these examined areas particularly the fourth location that should stop flooding technique and terns to the drip or sprinkler method.
Association of Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants With Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Authors: Yeo Brian Sheng Yep , Song Harris Jun Jie Muhammad Danial , Toh Emma Min Shuen , Ng Li Shia , Ho Cyrus Su Hui , Ho Roger , Merchant Reshma Aziz , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Loh Woei Shyang 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceHearing loss is associated with cognitive decline. However, it is unclear if hearing restorative devices may have a beneficial effect on cognition.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of hearing aids and cochlear implants with cognitive decline and dementia.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies published from inception to July 23, 2021.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials or observational studies published as full-length articles in peer-reviewed journals relating to the effect of hearing interventions on cognitive function, cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, and dementia in patients with hearing loss.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Two authors independently searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies relating to the effect of hearing interventions on cognitive decline and dementia in patients with hearing loss.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMaximally adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were used for dichotomous outcomes and ratio of means for continuous outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated using sensitivity and subgroup analyses, and publication bias was assessed using visual inspection, the Egger test, and trim and fill.ResultsA total of 3243 studies were screened; 31 studies (25 observational studies, 6 trials) with 137 484 participants were included, of which 19 (15 observational studies, 4 trials) were included in quantitative analyses. Meta-analysis of 8 studies, which had 126 903 participants, had a follow-up duration ranging from 2 to 25 years, and studied long-term associations between hearing aid use and cognitive decline, showed significantly lower hazards of any cognitive decline among hearing aid users compared with participants with uncorrected hearing loss (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87; I2 = 0%). Additionally, meta-analysis of 11 studies with 568 participants studying the association between hearing restoration and short-term cognitive test score changes revealed a 3% improvement in short-term cognitive test scores after the use of hearing aids (ratio of means, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04, I2 = 0%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis, the usage of hearing restorative devices by participants with hearing loss was associated with a 19% decrease in hazards of long-term cognitive decline. Furthermore, usage of these devices was significantly associated with a 3% improvement in cognitive test scores that assessed general cognition in the short term. A cognitive benefit of hearing restorative devices should be further investigated in randomized trials.
Search for Alternative Two‐Step‐Absorption Photoinitiators for 3D Laser Nanoprinting
Authors: Bojanowski N. Maximilian , Vranic Aleksandra , Hahn Vincent , Rietz Pascal , Messer Tobias , Brückel Julian , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Blasco Eva , Bräse Stefan , Wegener Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies have opened the door to a new generation of photoinitiators for 3D laser nanoprinting. Therein, the simultaneous absorption of two photons, commonly referred to as two‐photon absorption, is replaced by the sequential absorption of two photons in two consecutive one‐photon absorption processes. This process has been termed two‐step absorption. Importantly, two‐step absorption can be accomplished by inexpensive compact low‐power continuous‐wave blue laser diodes instead of femtosecond laser systems in the red spectral region. Red‐shifting the second absorption step with respect to the first one results in an and‐type optical nonlinearity based on two‐color two‐step absorption. Herein, alternatives are systematically explored to the few already reported one‐ and two‐color two‐step‐absorption photoinitiators, including the search for photoinitiators that can be excited by one‐color two‐step absorption and be de‐excited by a disparate laser color.
Functional Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Using Muscle Mimetic Tissue Fabricated by Microvalve‐Assisted Coaxial 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Lee Hanna , Kim Soon Hee , Lee Ji Seung , Lee Young Jin , Lee Ok Joo , Ajiteru Olatunji , Sultan Md Tipu , Lee Suk Woo , Park Chan Hum 
Published: December 2022

Abstract3D‐printed artificial skeletal muscle, which mimics the structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle, is a promising treatment method for muscle reconstruction. Although various fabrication techniques for skeletal muscle using 3D bio‐printers are studied, it is still challenging to build a functional muscle structure. A strategy using microvalve‐assisted coaxial 3D bioprinting in consideration of functional skeletal muscle fabrication is reported. The unit (artificial muscle fascicle: AMF) of muscle mimetic tissue is composed of a core filled with medium‐based C2C12 myoblast aggregates as a role of muscle fibers and a photo cross‐linkable hydrogel‐based shell as a role of connective tissue in muscles that enhances printability and cell adhesion and proliferation. Especially, a microvalve system is applied for the core part with even cell distribution and strong cell–cell interaction. This system enhances myotube formation and consequently shows spontaneous contraction. A multi‐printed AMF (artificial muscle tissue: AMT) as a piece of muscle is implanted into the anterior tibia (TA) muscle defect site of immunocompromised rats. As a result, the TA‐implanted AMT responds to electrical stimulation and represents histologically regenerated muscle tissue. This microvalve‐assisted coaxial 3D bioprinting shows a significant step forward to mimicking native skeletal muscle tissue.
Intrinsic Charge Polarization in Bi19S27Cl3 Nanorods Promotes Selective CC Coupling Reaction during Photoreduction of CO2 to Ethanol
Authors: Das Kousik , Das Risov , Riyaz Mohd , Parui Arko , Bagchi Debabrata , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Vinod Chathakudath P. , Peter Sebastian C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObtaining multi‐carbon products via CO2 photoreduction is a major catalytic challenge involving multielectron‐mediated CC bond formation. Complex design of multicomponent interfaces that are exploited to achieve this chemical transformation, often leads to untraceable deleterious changes in the interfacial chemical environment affecting CO2 conversion efficiency and product selectivity. Alternatively, robust metal centers having asymmetric charge distribution can effectuate CC coupling reaction through the stabilization of intermediates, for desired product selectivity. However, generating inherent charge distribution in a single component catalyst is a difficult material design challenge. Here, a novel photocatalyst, Bi19S27Cl3, is presented which selectively converts CO2 to a C2 product, ethanol, in high yield under visible light irradiation. Structural analysis through transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the presence of charge polarized bismuth centers in Bi19S27Cl3. The intrinsic electric field induced by charge polarized bismuth centers renders better separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pair. Furthermore, charge polarized centers yield better adsorption of CO* intermediate and accelerate the rate determining CC coupling step through the formation of OCCOH intermediate. Formation of these intermediates is experimentally mapped by in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed by theoretical calculation.
Fully Automated Optimization of Robot‐Based MOF Thin Film Growth via Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Pilz Lena , Natzeck Carsten , Wohlgemuth Jonas , Scheuermann Nina , Weidler Peter G. , Wagner Ilona , Wöll Christof , Tsotsalas Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have emerged as ideal class of materials for the identification of structure–property relationships and for the targeted design of multifunctional materials for diverse applications. While the powder form is most common, for the integration of MOFs into devices, typically thin films of surface anchored MOFs (SURMOFs), are required. Although the quality of SURMOFs emerging from layer‐by‐layer approaches is impressive, previous works revealed that the optimum growth conditions are very different between different types of MOFs and different substrates. Furthermore, the choice of appropriate synthesis conditions (e.g., solvents, modulators, concentrations, immersion times) is crucial for the growth process and needs to be adjusted for different substrates. Machine learning (ML) approaches show great promise for multi‐parameter optimization problems such as the above discussed growth conditions for SURMOF on a particular substrate. Here, this work presents an ML‐based approach allowing to quickly identify optimized growth conditions for HKUST‐I SURMOFs with high crystallinity and uniform orientation. This process can subsequently be used to optimize growth on other types of substrates. In addition, an analysis of the results allows to gain further insights into the factors governing the growth of MOF thin films.
Reinforcement of Bonding Strength between Dental Y‐TZP and Resin via Nano‐Thin and Conformal SiO2 Films by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Yan Yuxin , Shu Fei , Chen Hong , Dun Zhiyue , Lv Weijin , Zhang Zhihao , Sun Wangxinyue , Liu Mei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe retentive strength of zirconia crowns is derived from resin cement, and the weak interface between the two is the main reason for their failure. In this work, nano‐thin silica (SiO2) films of precisely controlled thickness are deposited over yttrium‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) ceramics via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The deposited films are modified using a silane coupling agent, which significantly improves the bonding strength between Y‐TZP and resin. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the SiO2 films deposited by ALD are uniform and can accurately maintain the morphology of grit‐blasted Y‐TZP. Spectroscopic ellipsometry demonstrates that the films are nano‐thin, with thicknesses in the range of 5.58–26.58 nm. The increase in the shear bond strength is attributed to the chemical bonding between the conformal nano‐SiO2 films and Y‐TZP. However, the stability of the bond decreases when the SiO2 films are too thick. Overall, the results indicate that SiO2 films deposited in 400 ALD cycles have both good bonding strength and stability after aging, much higher than those of Z‐Prime Plus films.
Photo‐Assisted Barrier Effect for Improving the Sensing Performance to Copper Ions
Authors: Liang Zhensen , Ma Ye , Wang Xiaoming , He Yichang , Liao Yiquan , Zhang Bin , Zhao Minggang , Cui Hongzhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCopper ions (Cu2+) pollution poses a serious threat to Marine ecology and fisheries, but the online detection is difficult due to seawater interference. Herein, photo‐assisted barrier effect is introduced into electrochemical detection as a driver to generate electrochemical response. The n–n junction barrier exhibits excellent adjusting effect on electrochemical response under photoexcitation and could effectively drive electrochemical response by Cu2+ adsorption. The prepared Ti/TiO2/In2O3/Chitosan wire is used for direct Cu2+ detection, and the trace detection with the low detection limit (59.08 nm) is achieved. The strong interference of seawater is resisted effectively by using photo‐assisted barrier effect, and the good recovery rate (94.9–107.1%) in the actual seawater detection make it promising for practical applications. It is a new approach to develop electrochemical sensors by using photo‐assisted barrier effect to resist interference.
Effects of Energy‐Level Alignment on Operating Voltages of Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sasaki Tsubasa , Oono Taku , Shimizu Takahisa , Fukagawa Hirohiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been studied extensively for various applications, the effect of the electron behavior on the characteristics of OLEDs has rarely been discussed owing to the difficulty in investigating the actual energy levels. Understanding the correlation between energy levels and the characteristics of OLEDs is essential to improve the performances of blue OLEDs, since the materials with relatively large band gaps used in blue OLEDs make it difficult to deliver electrons from the cathode to the emitting layer (EML). Here, it is shown that the operating voltages of blue OLEDs strongly depend on the energy barrier between the cathode and the EML, which is clarified by investigating the energy‐level alignment in blue OLEDs. It is found that a blue OLED fabricated using a superbase as the electron injection layer exhibits a lower operating voltage than conventional blue OLEDs fabricated using Li compounds. Moreover, there is a clear energy barrier between the cathode and the EML in conventional blue OLEDs, whereas there is no energy barrier in blue OLEDs fabricated using a superbase. Minimization of the energy barrier between the cathode and the EML is demonstrated to be essential to obtain blue emission at low operating voltages.
EMSCs‐Seeded Micro‐Stripe Patterned Polycaprolactone Promoting Sciatic Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Lu Naiyan , Wang Xinhe , Li Xu , Shi Wentao , Wang Xun , Zou Yin , Yang Guofeng , Tang Xue , Zhang Zhijian , Xiang Wen , Weng Yuyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransplantation of a synthetic polymer nerve conduit carrying stem cells is promising for treating peripheral nerve injury. In this study, a micropatterned inner surface of polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit cellularized with nasal respiratory mucosa‐derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) is adopted for peripheral nerve regeneration. The PCL microstructure grating is fabricated by soft nanoimprint lithography (NIL), whose templates can be easily transferred from the Ebeam photoresist pattern. The most suitable microstructure is carefully chosen to support EMSCs alignment and nerve regeneration. In vitro, the micropatterned PCL nerve conduit greatly enhanced the directional alignment of EMSCs and the MBP and S100 expression of myelin proteins. Additionally, the micropatterned conduit preseeded with EMSCs significantly stimulated the axon‐directed extension of neural stem cells. In vivo, micropatterned PCL conduits cotransplanted with EMSCs enhanced motor function and promoted sciatic nerve regeneration and extension in a rat model of sciatic nerve defect. Taken together, this “all‐in‐one” nerve guidance conduit makes sciatic nerve regeneration and morphological repairing accelerated, which has a potential clinical application in neural tissue engineering.
Enhanced Laplace Pressures for Functional Surfaces: Wicking, Switchability, and Selectivity
Authors: Wilke Kyle L. , Song Youngsup , Lu Zhengmao , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWetting functionalities of rough surfaces are largely determined by the Laplace pressure generated across liquid–gas interfaces formed within surface structures. Typically, rough wetting surfaces create negative Laplace pressures, enabling capillary wicking, while rough non‐wetting surfaces create positive Laplace pressures, exhibiting fluid repellency. Here, with microfabricated reentrant structures, it is shown that the same surface can exhibit either a negative or positive Laplace pressure, regardless of its intrinsic wettability. This material‐independent Laplace pressure duality enables or enhances a range of wetting functionalities including wicking, switchability, and selectivity. On the same surface, capillary rise, capillary dip, and the combination of the two which leads to further enhancement of the total sustainable capillary height and Laplace pressure, the driving force for wicking is demonstrated. Further, active switching of wetting states between the hemiwicking and the repellent Cassie state on reentrant structures is shown. Moreover, with a water‐hexane mixture system, selective wetting of reentrant structures are demonstrated, that is, water can be selectively wicked or repelled in the presence of hexane, and vice versa. These functionalities are achieved, which would typically require complex chemical coatings, solely using surface structures, thus largely expanding the design space for a wide range of thermofluidic applications.
Laccase‐Triggered Surface Co‐Deposition of Gentisic Acid and Chitosan for Multifunctional Polymer Membranes
Authors: Yang Wen‐Ying , Zhou Di , Shen Jia‐Lu , Xu Zhi‐Kang , Wan Ling‐Shu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCo‐deposition of phenols and amines inspired by mussel‐inspired chemistry has attracted much attention in the field of surface and interface science and technology. However, most deposition systems are still limited to phenols with at least one catechol group. In this work, a novel enzyme‐triggered co‐deposition system based on a natural phenol (gentisic acid, GA) and a kind of biomacromolecule (chitosan, CS) is reported. With the catalysis of laccase, GA can be oxidized and further react with CS to form effective surface coatings on various substrates such as polypropylene microfiltration membrane (PPMM). The co‐deposition process takes only 40 min at room temperature and endows the membrane with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. The modified membranes show excellent separation performance, reusability, and long‐term stability for the separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions. The modified membranes are highly charged (pI ≈7.2) and capable of efficient dye adsorption. In addition, the modified membranes possess better protein resistance properties compared with the nascent membranes. This work demonstrates a green, mild, and highly efficient surface modification process based on laccase catalysis. The co‐deposition system comes from natural sources and expands the phenol family for constructing multi‐functional surface coatings.