bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantität und Qualität des Strategieeinsatzes von Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern in reziproken Lesegruppen
Authors: Völlinger Vanessa A. , Stein Lisa-Kristin , Eckart Agnes 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Förderung der Leseleistungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern werden von nationalen und internationalen Experten Programme empfohlen, in denen Kinder gemeinsam an Leseaufgaben arbeiten und verschiedene Lesestrategien erlernen. Die Ergebnisse von Evaluationsstudien belegen die Wirksamkeit solcher Programme für die Entwicklung individueller Leseleistungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern, enthalten jedoch keine Informationen dazu, wie die gemeinsame Strategieanwendung in den Kleingruppen abläuft. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet anhand von Videomaterial zu drei Messzeitpunkten, ob und wie Schülerinnen und Schüler der 3. Klasse gemeinsam die Lesestrategien Klären, Fragen und Vorhersagen auf Sachtexte anwenden und ob ein Trainingseffekt für Kinder in Kleingruppen festzustellen ist, die an einer peer-gestützten strategiebasierten Leseförderung teilgenommen haben. Dazu wird eine Interventionsgruppe mit einer Unterrichtskontrollgruppe verglichen, die regulären Deutschunterricht ohne explizite Strategieförderung erhielt. Sowohl die Quantität als auch die Qualität der Strategieanwendung in den Lesegruppen wurde anhand eines deduktiv entwickelten Schemas kodiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zu allen drei Messzeitpunkten (Prä‑, Post- und Follow-up-Test) weniger als 50 % der Schülerinnen und Schüler Lesestrategien anwendeten. Am häufigsten wurde insgesamt die Strategie Fragen genutzt. Ein moderat positiver Trainingseffekt zeigte sich insbesondere für die Strategie Vorhersagen. Zu diskutieren ist, warum die Schülerinnen und Schüler nicht mehr Strategien auf einem höheren Elaborationsniveau anwendeten und ob weitere Kompetenzen für die wirkungsvolle Strategieanwendung in Kleingruppen benötigt werden. Die Untersuchung unterstreicht die Bedeutung prozessnaher Datenerhebung für die Weiterentwicklung von Fördermaßnahmen in Forschung und Praxis.
AI-deploying organizations are key to addressing ‘perfect storm’ of AI risks
Authors: Curtis Caitlin , Gillespie Nicole , Lockey Steven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe argue that a perfect storm of five conditions heightens the risk of harm to society from artificial intelligence: (1) the powerful, invisible nature of AI, (2) low public awareness and AI literacy, (3) rapid scaled deployment of AI, (4) insufficient regulation, and (5) the gap between trustworthy AI principles and practices. To prevent harm, fit-for-purpose regulation and public AI literacy programs have been recommended, but education and government regulation will not be sufficient: AI-deploying organizations need to play a central role in creating and deploying trustworthy AI in line with the principles of trustworthy AI, and taking accountability to mitigate the risks.
Rhetoric, agency, pedagogy: a “new” perspective on language and literacy education
Authors: Green Bill , Molyneux Paul , Scull Janet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the explicit goal of today’s school students being active citizens, critically engaged and democratically minded over the long course of their schooling, the authors of this article focus on the notions ofrhetoricand, relatedly,rhetorical agency. While these notions are increasingly understood in secondary school contexts, their application in primary and early-childhood settings is under-explored. We define and propose rhetorical agency as a purposeful focus of school literacy practice and pedagogy, illustrating this with four examples in which rhetorical agency can be supported in the primary classroom. These relate to research we have undertaken or supported around children learning bilingually, students engaging in place-based investigations, rich text use, and critical literacy in the early years. Ultimately, we invite consideration of how primary classrooms and public schooling, and more specifically the practice of language and literacy education, might be enhanced expressly through a rhetorical lens.
A Group Emergency Decision-Making Method for Epidemic Prevention and Control Based on Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Prospect Set Considering Quality of Information
Authors: Lv Jian , Mao Qinghua , Li Qingwen , Yu Rongfu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpidemics can bring huge impacts to economic operation and human health, a practical and effective emergency decision-making (EDM) method is of great significance to reduce all kinds of losses and slow the spread of epidemics. In the process of EDM, decision information is usually uncertain and vague, and the psychological behaviors and various perspectives of decision makers (DMs) should be considered. Hence, this paper develops a group emergency decision-making (GEDM) method under risk based on the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set (PHFS) and cumulative prospect theory (CPT), in which probabilistic hesitant fuzzy prospect set (PHFPS) that combines PHFS and CPT is developed to portray the vagueness of decision information and psychologies of DMs. Moreover, experts’ creditability in evaluation criteria is generally different because of the differences of their own knowledge structures, practical experience, individual preference and so on. A formula is proposed to measure the quality of decision information provided by experts for revising the expert weights. In addition, the evaluation criteria supporting the GEDM of epidemics are given. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated by an empirical case study of COVID-19, and the comparison analysis based on the rank-biased overlap model and the sensitivity analysis are conducted to the illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Garçons ManquésandFemmes Fortes: Two Ambivalent Figures of Butch Lesbianism in Women’s Football in Cameroon
Authors: Ndjio Basile 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the enactment of anti-homosexuality laws in the 1960s, Cameroon’s government officially endorsed heterosexualist ideologies which legitimize the alienation and criminalization of minority and nonconforming sexual and gender identities. One group, the so-calledgarçons manqués, embodies the stigmatized masculine or “butch” lesbian identity. The political management of lesbianism in Cameroon is ambivalent, however, with respect to sport, and particularly regarding the national pastime, football. Whereas masculine lesbians are routinely branded as “butches” or “sexual predators” who threaten African hetero-patriarchy, “strong women"” (femmes fortes) are celebrated as pivotal to the national ambition. Cameroon’s government strategically amalgamates both heteronationalism and homonationalism in the interest of national pride.
Different Meaning in Different Sizes: Ecology in Size Scales
Authors: Schneider Tamar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAny given ecosystem includes macro- and micro-organismal ecology. I examine the concept of stability and its meaning in these two size scales. Historically, the stability concept follows species population dynamics and equilibrium. In micro-ecology, however, classification is rare and, in the majority of cases, not possible. Therefore, the microbial taxonomic composition is regarded in a nonspecific way, as opposed to animals and plant communities. Such different consideration leads to the emphasis on functional stability in micro-ecology versus the structural in macro-ecology. I discuss the implication of these differences in meanings and the possibilities of integrating them.
Where should epistaxis education be focused? A comparative study between the public and healthcare workers on knowledge of first aid management methods of epistaxis
Authors: Jamshaid S , Banhidy N , Ghedia R , Seymour K 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpistaxis can be life-threatening. Simple first aid management can stem bleeding. This study compared knowledge of first aid management methods of epistaxis between the general public and healthcare workers.MethodA cross-sectional study of 100 healthcare workers and 103 adult members of the public was conducted at a large London teaching hospital. Respondents completed a survey assessing knowledge on nasal pinching site, head tilt and appropriate adjunct treatment use for first aid management of epistaxis.ResultsTwenty-four per cent and 68 per cent of healthcare workers compared with 25.2 per cent and 37.9 per cent of the public answered correctly on nasal pinching position and head tilt position, respectively, with a statistical difference for head tilt position. Two per cent, 2 per cent and 24 per cent of healthcare workers mentioned ice use on the nose, ice use in the mouth or ice use but not site, respectively, compared with 0 per cent, 0 per cent and 4.9 per cent of the public, with a statistical difference for ice without site.ConclusionHealthcare workers and the public lack knowledge on first aid management of epistaxis. Improved education on first aid management is required, targeting healthcare workers and the public.
Evaluating the inclusion of tympanometry in population-based surveys of hearing loss
Authors: Bright T , Youngs R , Faal Y , Hydara A , Yip J L Y , Mactaggart I , Polack S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the implications of including tympanometry in the Rapid Assessment of Hearing Loss survey protocol. A comparative study design was employed, with findings from otoscopy compared with the results of tympanometry.MethodA population-based survey of the prevalence and causes of hearing loss among adults aged over 35 years in The Gambia was conducted. Clinical assessments included air conduction audiometry, otoscopy and clinical history. Otoscopy outcome was recorded and for those with hearing loss, a probable cause was assigned. Following otoscopy, tympanometry was completed. Otoscopy outcome was not changed as a result of tympanometry. Clinician assigned cause was compared to the results of tympanometry. The proportion of causes potentially misclassified by excluding tympanometry was determined.ResultsAmong people with hearing loss, including tympanometry led to a higher proportion diagnosed with middle-ear conditions.ConclusionThe value of adding tympanometry to population-based survey protocols is a higher estimated proportion of hearing loss being attributed to middle-ear disease rather than sensorineural causes. This can inform service needs as more people will be classified as needing medical or surgical services, and a slightly lower number will need rehabilitative services, such as hearing assistive devices. It is highly recommended that tympanometry is included in the protocol.
Correlations between objective and subjective tests of nasal patency in patients undergoing septoplasty
Authors: Karataş M , Koparal M , Yılmazer C , Kelles M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed correlations between pre- and post-operative objective and subjective nasal patency test results in patients undergoing septoplasty to treat nasal septum deviation.MethodEighty nasal septum deviation patients who underwent septoplasty were prospectively enrolled. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire scores, anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry data were compared pre-operatively and three months after surgery. The left, right and total volume and left, right and total minimum cross-sectional area acoustic rhinometry values were compared.ResultsThe left volume, total volume, left minimum cross-sectional area and total minimum cross-sectional area differed significantly between the two time-points (all p < 0.05). The total resistance, inspiratory total airflow, expiratory total resistance and expiratory total airflow rhinomanometric data did not differ between the two timepoints (all p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study suggested that subjective tests such as the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire are optimal to identify complaints and assess post-operative satisfaction.
The acceptability of cognitive behaviour therapy in Indonesian community health care
Authors: Bouman Theo K. , Lommen Miriam J.J. , Setiyawati Diana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is considered to be the most empirically supported treatment in the Western world. However, many authors emphasize the need for cultural adaptations of CBT for patients in a non-Western context. Before considering such adaptations, it is important to investigate the reasons and the degree to which this type of treatment should be adapted. One important factor is the acceptability of CBT by local health care consumers in non-Western countries, for which there is only very limited empirical evidence. This explorative study aimed to investigate the acceptability of CBT’s principles and specific interventions in Indonesia. Lectures and video clips were developed, demonstrating various mainstream CBT principles and procedures. These were presented to 32 out-patients and mental health volunteers from various Indonesian community health centres (Puskesmas), who were asked to rate to what extent they considered the presented materials to be acceptable in accordance with their personal, family, cultural and religious values. Acceptance in all four value domains was rated as very high for the general features of CBT, as well as for the content of the video clips. There were no significant differences in acceptability between the value domains. The presented study suggests that mainstream CBT applications, which are slightly culturally adapted in terms of language, therapist–patient interaction and presentation, might resonate well with consumers in community health centres in Indonesia.

Key learning aims

(1)
Adapting CBT to non-Western patients should be based on empirical evidence.

(2)
The potential need for adaptation of CBT might depend on the acceptability of unadapted CBT.

(3)
Acceptability is assumed to be related to patients’ values.
From Theory to Large‐Scale Simulations, or Living Without “The Paradox of Choice”
Authors: Jordanova Vania K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNavigating the challenges we face at work and in life is often difficult, and can even make us question our past decisions. This dilemma is even worse nowadays because of the many options available to us, leaving us not enough time to explore them all: the paradox of choice. My life experience offers another perspective on how to make choices; wherein I had to rely more on serendipity, coincidence, and embracing risks. This paper presents a brief description of my career path in space science—from a small village in the countryside to one of the top science Laboratories in the world—and lessons learned through the process of becoming a more resilient scientist. I came to the United States from Bulgaria about 30 years ago, seeking a better education and job opportunities. Navigating a career of research scientist, not only did I find jobs that motivated me every day, I also met amazing people to work with along the way. As a woman in science, I hope my story can inspire and attract young researchers (girls and boys alike) to our community, helping to grow and diversify the next generation of space scientists.
Cluster‐Enhanced Ensemble Learning for Mapping Global Monthly Surface Ozone From 2003 to 2019
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhu Yijing , Xue Lian , Desai Ankur R. , Wang Haikun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSurface ozone is damaging to human health and crop yields. When evaluating global air pollution risk, gridded datasets with high accuracy are desired to reflect the local variations in air pollution concentrations. Here, a cluster‐enhanced ensemble machine learning method was used to develop a new 0.5‐degree monthly surface ozone data set during 2003–2019 by combining numerous informative variables. The overall accuracy of our data set is 91.5% (90.8% for space and 92.3% for time). Historically, populations in South Asia, North Africa and Middle‐East, and High‐income North America are exposed to the highest ozone concentrations. Globally, the population weighted ozone concentration in the peak season is 47.07 ppbv. Our results highlight that ozone pollution is intensifying in some regions, and implicate air quality management is crucial to secure human health from air pollution.
A Critical Role of the North Pacific Bomb Cyclones in the Onset of the 2021 Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Cho Hyeong‐Oh , Kang Min‐Jee , Son Seok‐Woo , Hong Dong‐Chan , Kang Joonsuk M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe role of North Pacific bomb cyclones in the onset of January 2021 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is examined by conducting a set of numerical model experiments. The control simulation, initialized 10 days before the SSW onset, successfully reproduces the SSW. As this event is preceded by the bomb cyclones in the North Pacific, their impact is tested by initializing the model without them. This sensitivity experiment shows much weaker polar‐vortex deceleration than the control simulation, resulting in no distinct SSW onset. This difference is attributable to the dampened constructive linear interference between the climatological wave and the cyclone‐related wavenumber‐one anomaly in the sensitivity experiment. It weakens the vertical propagation of wavenumber‐one wave into the stratosphere, thereby reducing wave breaking in the polar stratosphere. This result suggests that bomb cyclones should be considered for better understanding SSW and improving its predictability.
GSDMEa-mediated pyroptosis is bi-directionally regulated by caspase and required for effective bacterial clearance in teleost
Authors: Xu Hang , Jiang Shuai , Yu Chao , Yuan Zihao , Sun Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGasdermin (GSDM) is a family of pore-forming proteins that, after cleavage by caspase (CASP), induce a type of programmed necrotic cell death called pyroptosis. Gasdermin E (GSDME) is the only pyroptosis-inducing member of the GSDM family existing in teleost. To date, the regulation and function of teleost GSDME in response to bacterial infection remain elusive. In this study, we observed activation of GSDME, as well as multiple CASPs, in turbot Scophthalmus maximus during the infection of the bacterial pathogen Vibrio harveyi. Turbot has two GSDME orthologs named SmGSDMEa and SmGSDMEb. We found that SmGSDMEa was specifically cleaved by turbot CASP (SmCASP) 3/7 and SmCASP6, which produced two different N-terminal (NT) fragments. Only the NT fragment produced by SmCASP3/7 cleavage was able to induce pyroptosis. Ectopically expressed SmCASP3/7 activated SmGSDMEa, resulting in pyroptotic cell death. In contrast, SmCASP6 inactivated SmGSDMEa by destructive cleavage of the NT domain, thus nullifying the activation effect of SmCASP3/7. Unlike SmGSDMEa, SmGSDMEb was cleaved by SmCASP8 and unable to induce cell death. V. harveyi infection dramatically promoted the production and activation of SmGSDMEa, but not SmGSDMEb, and caused pyroptosis in turbot. Interference with SmCASP3/7 activity significantly enhanced the invasiveness and lethality of V. harveyi in a turbot infection model. Together, these results revealed a previously unrecognized bi-directional regulation mode of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis, and a functional difference between teleost GSDMEa and GSDMEb in the immune defense against bacterial infection.
Nkx2.8 promotes chemosensitivity in bladder urothelial carcinoma via transcriptional repression of MDR1
Authors: Zhou Zhaohui , Xiong Longbin , Wu Zeshen , Jiang Lijuan , Li Yonghong , Li Zhiyong , Peng Yulu , Ning Kang , Zou Xiangpeng , Liu Zefu , Wang Jun , Li Zhen , Zhou Fangjian , Liu Zhuowei , Zhang Zhiling , Yu Chunping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), a key factor contributing to drug insensitivity, has been associated with treatment failure and poor prognoses in various cancers, including bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here we show that positive Nkx2.8 expression was associated with better prognosis of UC patients received chemotherapy. Patients with positive Nkx2.8 expression had promising prognosis from adjuvant chemotherapy. Enforced expression of Nkx2.8 promotes drug sensitivity of UC cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that Nkx2.8 negatively regulated expression of MDR1 by binds directly to the MDR1 promoter and transcriptionally represses MDR1 expression. P-gp inhibitor reversed chemosensitivity inhibition by Nkx2.8 scilencing. In clinical UC specimens, expression of Nkx2.8 inversely correlated with P-gp expression, and UC patients with Nkx2.8 positivity and low P-gp expression displayed the best prognosis. Our findings uncovered a new mechanism of chemosensitivity in UC cells and proposing Nkx2.8-MDR1 axis as a novel candidate target for therapeutic intervention of UC.
DNAJC24 is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma through affecting ammonia metabolism
Authors: Li Guangtao , He Yuchao , Liu Hui , Liu Dongming , Chen Lu , Luo Yi , Chen Liwei , Qi Lisha , Wang Yun , Wang Yingying , Wang Yu , Zhan Linlin , Zhang Ning , Zhu Xiaolin , Song Tianqiang , Guo Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvolutionarily conserved heat shock proteins are involved in the heat shock response of cells in response to changes in the external environment. In normal tissues, heat shock proteins can help cells survive in a rapidly changing environment. Likewise, in malignant tumors heat shock proteins may help tumor cells cope with external stresses as well as the stress of treatment. In this way they become accomplices of malignant tumors. Here we demonstrated for the first time that high expression of DNAJC24 (a heat shock protein) shortens survival in patients with HCC by immunohistochemical staining of 167 paired hepatocellular carcinomas and paraneoplastic tissues as well as data from public databases. In vitro experiments demonstrated that stimuli such as hypoxia, starvation and heat could upregulate DNAJC24 expression in HCC cells through transcriptional regulation of HSF2, and high expression of DNAJC24 in HCC cells could promote the proliferation and motility of HCC cells. In addition, we also verified that targeting DNAJC24 under normal culture conditions can affect the proliferation and autophagy of HCC cells by interfering with ammonia metabolism, thereby inhibiting the malignant progression of HCC. Overall, we suggested that DNAJC24 may become a new target for the treatment of HCC.
Ring walking as a regioselectivity control element in Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling
Authors: Deem Madeleine C. , Derasp Joshua S. , Malig Thomas C. , Legard Kea , Berlinguette Curtis P. , Hein Jason E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRing walking is an important mechanistic phenomenon leveraged in many catalytic C-C bond forming reactions. However, ring walking has been scarcely studied under Buchwald-Hartwig amination conditions despite the importance of such transformations. An in-depth mechanistic study of the Buchwald-Hartwig amination is presented focussing on ligand effects on ring walking behavior. The ability of palladium catalysts to promote or inhibit ring walking is strongly influenced by the chelating nature of the ligand. In stark contrast, the resting state of the catalyst had no impact on ring walking behavior. Furthermore, the complexity of the targeted system enabled the differentiation between catalysts which undergo ring walking versus diffusion-controlled coupling. The insights gained in this study were leveraged to achieve desymmetrization of a tetrabrominated precursor. A small library of asymmetric 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9’spirobifluorene (SpiroOMeTAD) derivatives were successfully synthesized using this strategy highlighting the ease with which libraries of these compounds can be accessed for screening.