bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Road safety of older drivers and the nursing profession: A scoping review
Authors: Savoie Camille , Lavallière Martin , Voyer Philippe , Bouchard Suzanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPopulation ageing will lead to an increase in the number of older drivers. The ageing process can affect older adults’ driving ability. Nurses can play a major role in identifying potentially at‐risk drivers and providing guidance about driving safety and cessation, but their role remains somewhat unknown.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to present the scientific literature in relation to the nursing profession in the field of road safety.DesignCINAHL and PubMed databases were used to identify quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods or clinical practice guideline articles that referred to the role of nurses in older people's road safety and were published in English or French languages between January 1990 and August 2020. Ten (10) articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed.ResultsAnalysis of included articles revealed one main theme: Nurses’ and NPs’ roles in the mobility continuum. Results showed that nurses and nurse practitioners (NPs) often see older drivers in their clinical practice and that they have the competencies to screen and assess their fitness to drive. They are well positioned to discuss age‐related changes, fitness to drive and a driving retirement plan with their older patients, but they are not confident when addressing this issue. Few older adults have discussed their driving abilities with healthcare professionals, but they would be willing to discuss this if the subject were brought up.ConclusionsThis scoping review highlighted the paucity of research addressing the role of the nurse in road safety. More research is needed to adequately document this role.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Calcific Tendinitis of Gemellus Superior and Gemellus Inferior: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Wen‐bo , Xu Qian‐kun , Liu Xing‐huang , Bakhshi Prapti , Wang Hong , Shao Zeng‐wu , Meng Chun‐qing , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTendon calcification is a common disease, and it could happen in the tendons of the shoulder, wrist, etc. However, tendon calcification in the superior and inferior gemellus is rare, and in this region is likely to be misdiagnosed.Case PresentationHere, our case report first reported a 53‐year‐old female patient with an unusual case of calcific tendinitis of the gemellus superior and gemellus inferior muscles. The patient presented with severe pain in the right hip and lower extremities, not relieved using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The preoperative physical examination indicated an abnormality in the hip joint. Preoperative imaging confirmed the results of the physical examination and showed a right hip lesion. We did not make a definite diagnosis preoperatively but considered that the patient might have an osteochondroma. However, surgical findings indicated that the lesion was not in the hip capsule on subsequent arthroscopic surgery, which suggested that the preoperative diagnosis might be wrong. We opened the posterior capsule and found a “toothpaste‐like” lesion in the superior and inferior gemellus muscles' tendon. We thought this might be the calcified tendon. Then the arthroscopic surgery was finished to remove the lesion, and the removed tissue was sent to the pathology department for pathological examination. The pathological report confirmed the diagnosis of the calcified tendon. Postoperative follow‐up was conducted. The effect of the operation was noticeable. Postoperative symptoms were relieved.ConclusionsCalcification of the tendons of the superior and inferior gemellus muscles can be easily misdiagnosed, and the disease can be treated minimally with arthroscopy.
Cervical Alignment of Patients with Basilar Invagination: A Radiological Study
Authors: Lin Jun‐yu , Bao Ming‐gui , Lin Shao‐yi , Liu Jun‐hao , Liu Qi , Li Ruo‐yao , Huang Zu‐cheng , Zhu Qing‐an , Zhang Zhong‐min , Ji Wei 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the cervical alignment and the relative range of motion (ROM) in patients with basilar invagination (BI).MethodsA total of 40 BI cases (38.1 years old ± 17.9 years old, 19 male and 21 female) and 80 asymptomatic individuals (33.8 years old ± 10.8 years old, 40 male and 40 female) were included. The Skull‐C2/Skull‐BV, Skull‐C7, C2‐C7/BV‐C7 wall angles, C0‐C2/C0‐BV, C0‐C7, C1‐C7, and C2‐C7/BV‐C7 angles were measured in dynamic X‐ray images (including neutral, extension, and flexion positions). Correlation between the upper and lower cervical curvatures were analyzed. The total, extension, and flexion ROMs of these angles were calculated, respectively.ResultsThe BI patients had a smaller C0‐C2/C0‐BV angle (18.2° ± 16.4° vs 30.9° ± 9.3°), but larger C2‐C7/BV‐C7 (32.2° ± 16.1° vs 19.4° ± 10.6°) and C2‐C7/BV‐C7 wall angles (37.8° ± 17.2° vs 23.6° ± 10.2°) than the control group in neutral position. The upper and lower curvatures correlated negatively in neutral (r = −0.371), extension (r = −0.429), and flexion (r = −0.648) positions among BI patients, as well as in extension position (r = −0.317) among control group. The BI patients presented smaller total ROMs in Skull‐C2/Skull‐BV (12.3° ± 16.6° vs 19.7° ± 10.9°), C0‐C2/C0‐BV (8.1° ± 11.1° vs 17.6° ± 10.5°), and C0‐C7 angles (57.8° ± 14.2° vs 78.3° ± 17.9°), but a larger total ROM in C2‐C7/BV‐C7 wall angle (52.8° ± 13.9° vs 27.0° ± 16.1°) than the control group. The BI patients also presented smaller extension ROMs in Skull‐C2/Skull‐BV (6.9° ± 9.4° vs 12.5° ± 9.3°), Skull‐C7 (24.5° ± 10.9° vs 30.7° ± 12.5°), and C0‐C2/C0‐BV angles (4.4° ± 7.8° vs 9.9° ± 8.6°) than the control group. Moreover, the BI patients showed smaller absolute values of flexion ROMs in Skull‐C2/Skull‐BV (−5.2° ± 9.4° vs −7.3° ± 8.0°), C0‐C2/C0‐BV (−3.2° ± 8.8° vs −7.7° ± 8.7°), and C0‐C7 angles (−33.2° ± 13.0° vs −52.8° ± 19.2°), but a larger absolute value of flexion ROM in C2‐C7/BV‐C7 wall angle (−33.9° ± 14.8° vs −8.2° ± 15.1°).ConclusionThe cervical spine was stiffer in BI patients than the asymptomatic individuals, especially in the upper cervical curvature. The negative correlation between upper and lower cervical curvatures was more obvious in BI patients.
Identification of the major quantitative trait locus cluster qGNPS4.1 for grain number and panicle structure in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Liu Jin , Yu Liqin , Ma Xiaoding , Zhou Huiying , Cui Di , Hu Jiaxiao , Le Si , Han Bing , Chen Wu , Han Longzhi , Li Maomao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPanicle structure trait is one of the most important factors affecting yield. Exploring novel regulation genes and clarifying the genetic mechanism have an important meaning to the improvement of rice yield. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived from the cross between 'Longdao5' (Japonica) and 'Zhongyouzao8' (Indica) was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain number and panicle structure traits under multiple environments. Seventy‐seven QTLs were detected, 21 or 20 of which were stably and reliably detected under two or more than three ecological environments, respectively. These QTLs of the grain number and panicle structure (qGNPS) clustered on chromosomes 1, 4, 5 and 10 with pleiotropic genetic overlap effect and stable expression, and then, the major QTL clusters qGNPS4.1 and qGNPS10 were unreported. The novel stable expression major QTL cluster qGNPS4.1 control with grain number and secondary branch number was detected on chromosome 4 under multiple environments. Using the segregating RHL‐F2 and F2:3 population, we narrowed the location of qGNPS4.1 to a 214.94‐kb region. These results will lay the foundation for the major QTL clone and also will enrich the molecular marker‐assisted selection of grain number and panicle structure for molecular breeding in rice.
Genetic variation for grain phytate and molecular characterization of low phytic acid‐2 (lpa2) gene‐based maize (Zea mays) inbreds
Authors: Ragi Shridhar , Muthusamy Vignesh , Zunjare Rajkumar U. , Bhatt Vinay , Katral Ashvinkumar , Abhijith Krishnan P. , Chand Gulab , Mishra Subhra J. , Sekhar Javaji C. , Yadava Devendra K. , Hossain Firoz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaize possesses higher concentration of phytic acid (PA) compared with other cereals, reducing bioavailability of iron and zinc. Reduction of PA in maize grains thus assumes significance to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. Here, a set of 24 inbreds possessing mutant lpa2‐1 gene and seven inbreds with wild‐type LPA2 gene was field evaluated at Delhi and Hyderabad. The performance of lpa2‐1‐based inbreds was at par with wild‐type inbreds for grain yield (P = .09645) and key agronomic traits (P > .54100). Mutant inbreds possessed significantly low mean PA (1.90 mg/g) over wild‐type inbreds (2.56 mg/g) (P < .00001), with average reduction of 26% PA among lpa2‐1 mutants. Mean inorganic phosphorous (iP) was 0.81 mg/g in lpa2‐1 mutants and 0.27 mg/g in wild types, revealing significantly (P < .00001) higher increment (three‐fold) of iP in mutants compared with wild‐type inbreds. Characterization using 61 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) generated 181 alleles with mean polymorphism information content of 0.40 and mean gene diversity of 0.46. Cluster analyses grouped lpa2‐1 inbreds into three‐major clusters. The study identified potential cross combinations for development of low phytate maize with higher bioavailability of iron and zinc.
Secondary faulting plays a key role in regulating the Cenozoic crustal deformation in the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Su Qi , Wang Xianyan , Yuan Daoyang , Zhang Huiping , Lu Huayu , Xie Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, channel steepness and main divide migration analysis were conducted on the Qinghai Nanshan to confirm the activity and evolution of the range. The results showed that the broad and gently dipping northern limbs correspond to relatively low steepness values, while the narrow and steeply dipping southern limbs are characterized by higher steepness distribution. In addition, main divide of the range is currently stable, despite its tendency migrating northward. Based on previous numerical simulations and our geomorphological results, we suggested that the Qinghai Nanshan thrust Fault is tectonically active. The sustained thrust activities of the fault have uplifted the Qinghai Nanshan, driven southward migration of the main divide and caused obvious regional crustal shortening and thickening. Given the same landscape characteristics as the Qinghai Nanshan, the Gonghe Nanshan was found to have appreciable influence on regional crust deformation. Secondary active tectonics (e.g. the Qinghai Nanshan and Gonghe Nanshan) could subdivide rigid blocks into smaller ones and promote the slip transferring and strain regulation between boundary strike‐slip faults. In summary, we concluded that continuous crustal deformation within the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is implemented through strain assimilation by minor faults in minor blocks.
The links of causal chains
Authors: Kamp Hans 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper is about the Causal Theory of Names, as outlined by Kripke in Naming and Necessity. The paper argues that causal chains which connect users in command of a name N with those present at the baptismal event in which N was introduced are branches of networks of ‘N‐labelled’ entity representations in the minds of past and present users of N. These networks of N‐labelled entity representations are special cases of networks that result in general from the use of referring expressions. Such networks are an important part of the fabric that holds a speech community together and point towards a view of language as a social practice. The theory of networks and chains is developed within MSDRT (‘Mental State Discourse Representation Theory’), an extension of DRT designed for the description of utterance contents, propositional attitudes, mental states and the ways in which mental states change in the course of verbal communication. The last section of the paper explores the view of languages as social practices somewhat further in the light of the network theory developed in the sections leading up to it.
Recent Research on Flat Diaphragms and Circular Plates With Particular Reference to Instrument Applications
Authors: Wahl A. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A discussion and literature survey of recent theoretical and experimental developments relating to flat plates and diaphragms is given, with particular reference to applications in pressure-measuring instruments. Developments discussed include: Effects of large deflections; initially buckled diaphragms; plates subject to plastic flow; analysis of temperature and acceleration effects in diaphragms for pressure measurement. Some discussion of instruments utilizing flat or nearly flat diaphragms is given and an attempt is made to indicate possible fruitful avenues of future research in the diaphragm field.
On the Applicability of Notch Tensile Test Data to Strength Criteria in Engineering Design
Authors: Lubahn J. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper gives a brief review of the information which currently can be obtained from notched tensile tests, followed by a discussion of the fact that the applicability of this information to manufacturing problems is so limited as to be almost useless for many engineering purposes. Finally, there is a consideration of what kind of information is necessary for rational design, and how such information might be obtained.
On the Drilling of Metals: 2—The Torque and Thrust in Drilling
Authors: Shaw M. C. , Oxford C. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The problem of computing the torque and thrust developed on a drill is approached from dimensional reasoning and the rules of cutting-force development in two-dimensional cutting. The drill quantity equivalent to the feed in ordinary machining is found to be the product of feed and diameter. General equations are derived for drill torque and thrust and found to be in good agreement with experimental data obtained by use of a drill dynamometer. The web thickness of the drill is found to influence thrust and torque significantly, but the influence of helix angle is found to be relatively unimportant.
Influence of Grinding Fluids Upon Residual Stresses in Hardened Steel
Authors: Letner H. R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grinding fluids perform functions which might be expected to affect the residual surface stresses resulting from a grinding operation. Stresses were analyzed in bars of hardened ball-bearing steel, surface ground in the presence of thirteen different fluids. The results suggest that the effectiveness of a fluid in minimizing residual grinding stresses depends not so much upon its capacity for removing heat from the surface as upon its ability to reduce frictional forces between the wheel and the work.
Some Experiments on the Influence of Various Factors on Drill Performance
Authors: Galloway D. F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The experiments described in this paper are part of a series of investigations to obtain basic data needed for improving drilling techniques in a number of engineering factories. The main criteria of drill performance and some of the principal factors which influence performance are discussed. Special attention is given to drill shape, and particularly to those elements, such as relief angle, point angle, relative lip height, and so on, which can be controlled by the drill user. The theory of self-regenerative vibration in drilling is discussed, and theories are developed to explain inaccuracies in hole size and alignment. The paper includes test results which tend to support these theories. Reference is made to those considerations of drill geometry and specification which entered into the investigations. The influence of the drilling machine on drill performance was discussed in a previous paper by the author.
Temperature and Velocity Distribution and Transfer of Heat in a Liquid Metal
Authors: Brown H. E. , Amstead B. H. , Short B. E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The results of an experimental investigation of the velocity and temperature distributions, together with the corresponding eddy diffusivity and heat-transfer results in a cooled stream of turbulently flowing mercury are presented. The temperature and velocity traverses of the mercury stream were made in a 1.61-in-ID nickel pipe over a range of Reynolds moduli of from approximately 250,000 to 800,000, with constant heat flux, and with the Prandtl modulus maintained substantially constant at 0.02. The relative radial position in a circular pipe at which the bulk mean temperature corresponds to the local temperature was found to be substantially constant and independent of the Reynolds modulus for the range of Reynolds moduli employed. A similar velocity relationship was found to exist. The ratio α of the eddy diffusivity for heat transfer to the eddy diffusivity for momentum transfer at the mean radius was between 0.7 for the lower Reynolds number and 0.9 for the higher Reynolds number. It was found that, in the absence of an interfacial resistance effect, the Martinelli-Lyon equation represents the heat-transfer data reasonably well, especially if allowance is made for the variation of the eddy-diffusivity ratio α with the Reynolds number.
Mean-Temperature Difference in One, Two, and Three-Pass Crossflow Heat Exchangers
Authors: Stevens R. A. , Fernandez J. , Woolf J. R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A review is presented of the mean-temperature-difference equations for all previously solved cases of crossflow exchangers. A numerical integration procedure was used to obtain data for the single-pass case with both fluids unmixed. All of the previously unsolved cases of two and three-pass crossflow exchangers were also solved by numerical integration, using a cyclical reiteration process for the countercurrent cases. Design data in the form of correction factors are presented for all cases not previously solved.
Procedures for Testing Large Steam Turbine-Generators in Central Stations
Authors: Kratz E. M. , Westcott J. C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The instrumentation and procedures required to run a reliable performance test on a large steam turbine-generator require careful and detailed planning. The location of the measurements for the test of a turbine-generator with a typical feedwater cycle and the type of instruments and their application is described. The accuracy of measuring the performance is evaluated from an analysis of the probable errors in measuring flows, temperatures, pressures, and generator load. The probable errors determined by this method are compared to the consistency of data that has been obtained on turbine performance tests and to performance measured by more than one method.
First Commercial Supercritical-Pressure Steam-Electric Generating Unit for Philo Plant
Authors: Fiala S. N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The commercial success of higher pressures, higher temperatures, reheat, larger units, and single-boiler, single-turbine unit designs has given customers of the utility industry cheap electric power. The Philo project reflects efforts to continue this trend by opening up new avenues of approach. The engineering, design, manufacturing, construction, and operating experience on the 120,000-kw steam-electric generating unit operating at 4500 psi, 1150 F initial temperature with double reheat (first, at 1050 F and, second, at 1000 F) should provide the know-how to create units of still greater economy within the next decade.
First Commercial Supercritical-Pressure Steam Generator for Philo Plant
Authors: Rowand W. H. , Frendberg A. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From experience with the pioneer 2500-psi steam power plant of the Twin Branch Plant of the Indiana and Michigan Electric Company on the American Gas and Electric System, installed in the early 1940’s, and subsequent knowledge accumulated in the field, another significant advance into pressures above the critical is now being made at the Philo Plant of the Ohio Power Company. This is the 4500-psi, 1150 F two-stage reheat unit developing approximately 125 megawatts—a joint effort of the American Gas and Electric Service Corporation, the General Electric Company, and The Babcock & Wilcox Company.
A Dual-Mode Damper-Stabilized Servo
Authors: Jursik J. , Kaiser J. F. , Ward J. E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The highly oscillatory response of an inertia-damper stabilized servo to large step inputs can be improved greatly by changing, for large error, the coupling torque between the damper and the drive motor. This paper presents the results obtained from an experimental model and an analog computer study of the dual-mode damper-stabilized servo. For large step inputs, this dual-mode method of operation resulted in a reduction of settling time by a factor of 5.8 and reduction of peak overshoot by a factor of 200 as compared with single-mode operation.
Experiments With Optimalizing Controls Applied to Rapid Control of Engine Pressures With High-Amplitude Noise Signals
Authors: Vasu George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Optimalizer control principles were applied to the control of a flight-propulsion system. The control system described metered the fuel flow to an engine in such a manner as to cause the engine to seek a maximum pressure. Experimental data are presented illustrating the control behavior for a range of flight conditions, for various control settings such as gain and integral time constant, for various amounts of filtering, and so on.
Representation of Nonlinear Functions of Two Input Variables on Analog Equipment
Authors: Elliott D. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
When an analog operator who has been solving problems on a linearized basis begins to employ nonlinear components to represent a wide range of operation of the simulated system, it soon becomes apparent that many of the key relations in the system are nonlinear functions of two or more input variables. Function-generating equipment that will develop nonlinear functions of a single input variable is now available for many types of analog equipment, but equipment that will generate directly three-dimensional families of curves as arbitrary nonlinear functions of two input variables exists only in a few cases of highly expensive specialized equipment. Some methods also have been described for developing three-dimensional curves by reworking standard function-generating equipment to perform the additional mathematical operations required by a second input variable. This paper describes a graphical method of matching three-dimensional functions by the use of standard analog components without modifications.
How RF Concerns the Wood Industry
Authors: Mann J. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High-frequency alternating currents to the order of several millions of cycles per second applied to dielectric materials are referred to as “RF heating,” and are used widely in wood lamination as a means of setting synthetic adhesives in such members. Aspects of federal rules and regulations and the needs of industry are set forth. Means of accomplishing industrial applications; methods of estimating time cycles; the unique properties of the high-frequency field of force such as selectivity to conductive paths and nonuniformity of the heat placement in dielectrics are covered in some detail with specific examples.
Research on Application of Cooling to Gas Turbines
Authors: Esgar J. B. , Livingood J. N. B. , Hickel R. O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The use of turbine cooling in gas-turbine engines can offer many performance benefits but, at the same time, it may result in added complication to the engine. The advantages that turbine cooling can offer to the engine designer and the results of some of the research that has been expended on the cooling of gas-turbine engines are discussed.