bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-linked glycosylation enhances hemagglutinin stability in avian H5N6 influenza virus to promote adaptation in mammals
Authors: Sun Honglei , Deng Guojing , Sun Haoran , Song Jingwei , Zhang Wei , Li Han , Wei Xiaohui , Li Fangtao , Zhang Xin , Liu Jiyu , Pu Juan , Sun Yipeng , Tong Qi , Bi Yuhai , Xie Yufeng , Qi Jianxun , Chang Kin-Chow , Gao George Fu , Liu Jinhua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4 avian H5Ny viruses, namely H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8, have exhibited unprecedented intercontinental spread in poultry. Among them, only H5N6 viruses are frequently reported to infect mammals and cause serious human infections. In this study, the genetic and biological characteristics of surface hemagglutinin (HA) from clade 2.3.4.4 H5Ny avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were examined for adaptation in mammalian infection. Phylogenetic analysis identified an amino acid (AA) deletion at position 131 of HA as a distinctive feature of H5N6 virus isolated from human patients. This single AA deletion was found to enhance H5N6 virus replication and pathogenicity in vitro and in mammalian hosts (mice and ferrets) through HA protein acid and thermal stabilization that resulted in reduced pH threshold from pH 5.7 to 5.5 for viral-endosomal membrane fusion. Mass spectrometry and crystal structure revealed that the AA deletion in HA at position 131 introduced an N-linked glycosylation site at 129, which increases compactness between HA monomers, thus stabilizes the trimeric structure. Our findings provide a molecular understanding of how HA protein stabilization promotes cross-species avian H5N6 virus infection to mammalian hosts.
Prevention of Postoperative Peritendinous Adhesions with Bioresorbable Suprathel Barrier Membrane
Authors: Wiggenhauser Paul S. , Wachtel Nikolaus , Koban Konstantin C. , Giunta Riccardo E. , Frick Andreas , Ehrl Denis 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
Postoperative adhesions can deteriorate clinical outcomes in tendon repair surgery significantly. Thus, the use of artificial membranes as a tendon sheath substitute has become popular and well studied in the last years. We performed a case series of three patients using a novel synthetic membrane (Suprathel) for complex reconstructive surgery and traumatic tendon repair surgery. All patients recovered well with no significant adverse effects and showed good clinical function afterward. Therefore, we concluded that Suprathel might be another potential candidate to prevent postoperative peritendinous adhesions. Further studies will be necessary to determine the effect of this bioresorbable barrier membrane.
Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury by Severity Among Work-Related Injured Workers From 2010 to 2019
Authors: Bae Suk Won , Lee Min-Yong 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the status of work-related traumatic brain injury (wrTBI) in Korea between 2010 and 2019.

Methods
This study used Korea Workers’ Compensation Insurance data, and the sample comprised workers who claimed compensation for wrTBI from 2010 to 2019. The annual incidence of wrTBI was calculated as the rate per 100,000 workers. Time trends over the 10-year period were assessed using Poisson regression.

Results
The mean incidence of wrTBI was 28.4/100,000. Regarding the incidence rate of wrTBI by severity, mild TBI and moderate-to-severe TBI were 12.9/100,000 and 15.5/100,000, respectively. The incidence of mild TBI among workers was higher in 2010, but moderate-to-severe TBI was higher after 2011.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for providing information on mild TBI to workers as part of occupational safety and health education.
How Late-Life Working Affects Depression Among Retirement-Aged Workers? An Examination of the Influence Paths of Job-Related (Non–Job-Related) Physical Activity and Social Contact
Authors: Li Jiannan , Yuan Bocong , Lan Junbang , Huang Xinting 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study investigates the influence paths that late career participation affects depression of older workers.

Method
The data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2018) are used. Those who have reached the statutory retirement age in China (>60 years for males/>55 years for females) are investigated.

Results
Late career participation may positively affect job-related physical activity and social contact (2.110 and 0.028, P < 0.01) and negatively affect non–job-related physical activity (−0.343, P < 0.01). Besides, job-related physical activity may exacerbate depression symptoms among older workers (0.017, P < 0.01), whereas non–job-related physical activity and social contact may alleviate it (−0.015 and −0.038, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Late career participation could be associated with depression through different pathways involving job-related (and non–job-related) physical activity and social contact. The overall impact of late career participation on depression would depend on which influence pathway is dominant.
Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Decreased Quality of Life and Work Ability in Currently Working Health Care Workers With Recurrent Low Back Pain
Authors: Virkkunen Tarja , Husu Pauliina , Tokola Kari , Parkkari Jari , Kankaanpää Markku 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThis study investigates the association between depressive symptoms and multisite pain and health-related quality of life and work ability in currently employed health care workers with recurrent low back pain (LBP).MethodsMultisite pain, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and work ability were assessed by validated questionnaires. A generalized linear model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsNotably, 28% of female health care workers with LBP had at least moderate levels of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with decreased health-related quality of life and work ability. Multisite pain was not significantly associated with work ability.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are relatively common in female health care workers with LBP, and treatment of these symptoms may be crucial to improve their work ability.
Lithotripsy devices for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) – new developments
Authors: Antoniou Vaki , Pietropaolo Amelia , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the mainstay of surgery for renal calculi>2 cm or complex multiple calculi and is a technique that has been around since 1976. We review recent literature surrounding novel lithotripsy devices and technology used in PNL.

Recent findings
At present, the Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser is widely accepted as the gold standard laser lithotripsy for PNL. SwissLithoClast Trilogy offers a range of probes with a trifecta of electromagnetic, ultrasonic energy with surgeon-controlled suction. The Olympus Shockpulse-SE is a similar lithotripter that relies on continuous ultrasonic energy with pulsed ballistic energy to break stones. Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) offers an alternative laser energy source to the Holmium laser, which has been shown to be very effective at producing small stone fragments and dust. The Moses technology is another addition in a long list of improvements to the Ho:YAG laser, forming vaporization bubble through which more effective energy can be applied to stones.

Summary
Trilogy, Shockpulse, TFL and Moses pulse modulation technology for the Holmium laser all provide improvements compared with older lithotripsy devices. In particular, they convey a safer, efficient and more effective way to manage and clear stones.
Paediatric stone management: innovations and standards
Authors: Quhal Fahad , Al Faddagh Abdulmohsin , Silay M. Selcuk , Straub Michael , Seitz Christian 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to discuss current trends and recent developments in the surgical management of paediatric urolithiasis.

Recent findings
Medical expulsive therapy (MET) is considered as an option for the treatment of children with ureter stones. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) remains as a first option for majority of kidney stones and upper ureter stones. Advances in endourology have led to increased adoption of retrograde intrarenal surgeries (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL/mini-PCNL/ultra-mini-PCNL/micro-PCNL).

Summary
Management of paediatric stone disease has developed significantly in the past decade. However, the evidence in the literature remains disproportional to these advances. Well designed multicentric studies are still needed to compare effectiveness and safety of these procedures.
Hospitalization With Clostridioides difficile in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Kuenzig M. Ellen , Benchimol Eric I. , Bernstein Charles N. , Bitton Alain , Carroll Matthew W. , Griffiths Anne M. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Nguyen Geoffrey C. , Otley Anthony R. , Stukel Therese A. , Dummer Trevor J.B. , El-Matary Wael , Jacobson Kevan , Jones Jennifer L. , Lix Lisa M. , Mack David R. , Murthy Sanjay K. , Peña-Sánchez Juan-Nicolás , Targownik Laura E. , Fung Stephen G. , Spruin Sarah , Coward Stephanie , Cui Yunsong , Filliter Christopher , Nugent Zoann , Siddiq Shabnaz , Singh Harminder ,   on behalf of the Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium (CanGIEC)
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Several studies have demonstrated higher rates of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We conducted a population-based study comparing the risk of hospitalization with CDI in children with and without IBD.

Methods:
Using health administrative data and validated algorithms, we identified all children (<16 years) diagnosed with IBD in 5 Canadian provinces, then age and sex matched to 5 children without IBD. Province-specific 5-year incidence rates of hospitalization with CDI were pooled and generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) comparing (1) children with and without IBD and (2) children with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, sex, rural/urban household, and income were pooled using fixed-effects models.

Results:
The incidence rate of CDI identified during hospitalization was 49.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 39.40–61.08] per 10,000 person-years (PY) in 3593 children with IBD compared to 0.39 (95% CI, 0.13–1.21) per 10,000 PY in 16,284 children without IBD (crude IRR, 133.4, 95% CI, 42.1–422.7; adjusted HR, 68.2, 95% CI, 24.4–190.4). CDI was identified less often in children with Crohn disease than ulcerative colitis (crude IRR, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.32–0.82; adjusted HR, 0.69, 95% CI, 0.46–1.05).

Conclusions:
Children with IBD have a markedly higher incidence of CDI identified during a hospitalization relative to children without IBD. Consequently, symptomatic children with IBD who are hospitalized should be screened for CDI.
Development of a psychometric tool to measure community solidarity among sexual minorities: Evidence from a pay-it-forward randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sung Anne , Zhang Tiange Philip , Huang Wenting , Tang Weiming , Alexander Marcus , Forastiere Laura , Kumar Navin , Hall Brian J. , Ransome Yusuf , Dieckhaus Kevin D. , Wu Dan , Tucker Joseph D. , Yang Fan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Community solidarity is increasingly important in public health. However, few studies have examined solidarity in relation to health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a psychometric tool to measure solidarity among Chinese men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and assess whether community solidarity relates to differences in STI testing.

Methods
We used data from the Pay-it-Forward randomized controlled trial of 301 men from Beijing and Guangzhou, China. MSM were randomized into pay-it-forward (participants receive free gonorrhea/chlamydia testing as gifts and choose to donate towards subsequent MSM’s tests), pay-what you-want, and standard payment arms. Following testing decision, participants completed a cross-sectional questionnaire to assess community solidarity. Factor analysis was conducted to identify dimensions of solidarity. The solidarity factors were compared across study arms and assessed against gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake in multivariable logistic regression.

Results
288 participants responded to the survey. We identified three latent community solidarity factors: engagement, social network support, and sense of belonging. Several items related to belonging were significantly greater among participants in the pay-it-forward scenario compared to those assigned to other scenarios. Higher sense of belonging was associated with higher odds of gonorrhea and chlamydia test uptake.

Conclusion
Community solidarity among MSM in China can be characterized by three factors: engagement, social network support, and sense of belonging. Sense of belonging was higher in the pay-it-forward intervention arm and may be associated with the uptake of gonorrhea/chlamydia test. Future studies are warranted to confirm the psychometric structure of community solidarity and further investigate behavioral mechanisms of pay-it-forward.
Recommendations for Communication in Gender-Affirming Surgical Care
Authors: Blasdel Gaines , Parker Augustus C. , Salibian Ara , Robinson Isabel , Zhao Lee C. , Bluebond-Langner Rachel 
Published: June 2022

Summary:
The surgical treatment of gender incongruence with gender-affirming surgery requires a sophisticated understanding of the substantial diversity in patient expectations and desired outcomes. There are patients with gender incongruence who desire surgical intervention to achieve the conventional bodily configuration typical for cisgender men and women and those who desire surgery without the goal of typical cisgender presentation. Proper communication regarding diverse expectations poses a challenge to those unfamiliar with the nuances of this heterogeneous population; such difficulties have led to mistakes during patient care. Based on the lessons learned from these experiences, the authors provide conceptual recommendations with specific examples to account for cultural context and conceptions of gender within surgical practice and scientific research.
A Study on the Persistent Trigeminal Artery and Its Classification Based on Magnetic Resonance Angiograph Images
Authors: Liu Yu-Bo , Feng Ping-Yong , Zhang Tian-Zi , Sun Jie , Yang Hai-Xiao 
Published: June 2022

Background
The persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common remnant of primitive circulation, communicating the developing carotid and vertebrobasilar junction.

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of PTA and to reclassify the variations based on Weon typing. Moreover, the correlation of various Weon types with the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), Willis ring, basilar artery (BA) dysplasia, and the relationship between PTA and arteriosclerosis were analyzed.

Methods
From November 2017 to October 2019, a total of 48,184 patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography examination in our hospital, and 79 patients were diagnosed with PTA. Of these, 70 patients with complete radiological and clinical information were included in this study.

Results
Among the 70 patients with complete data, 27 were classified as Weon type I (38.6%), 7 as type II (10%), 14 as type III (20%), 8 as type IV (11.4%), and 3 as type V (4.3%: type Va, 1 case; type Vb, 2 cases). The remaining 11 cases were PCA with mixed blood supply, so the new type VI was divided into 3 subtypes: type VIa, type VIb, and type VIc, and each subtype of type V was further refined into 4 subtypes. There were 32 cases of PTA with BA dysplasia, including 14 with type I (51.9%), 5 with type II (71.4%), 2 with type III (14.3%), 5 with type IV (62.5%), and 6 with type VI (54.5%). Cerebral infarction was found in 55 cases (78.6%) of PTA, among which 11 had a cerebral infarction in the posterior circulation blood supply area. There were 46 cases (65.7%) accompanied by intracranial arteriosclerosis, and in 6 cases, arteriosclerosis mainly occurred in the posterior circulation.

Conclusions
We redefined the classification of PTA based on Weon typing for a better understanding of clinical symptoms and surgical risks. Moreover, PTA was correlated with the fetal origin of PCA, BA dysplasia, and posterior circulation arteriosclerosis. These factors may increase the incidence of cerebral infarction in the posterior circulation blood supply area.
A Decade of Success in Melanoma Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy: What Every Radiologist Should Know
Authors: Chen Mark , Smith Daniel A. , Yoon Justin G. , Vos Derek , Kikano Elias G. , Tirumani Sree Harsha , Ramaiya Nikhil H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Treatment strategies for malignant melanoma have rapidly evolved over the past decade. Because of its propensity to develop advanced stage and metastatic disease, melanoma has contributed to the majority of mortalities among patients with skin cancer. The development of novel therapeutics such as immunotherapy and targeted molecular therapies has revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced stage and metastatic malignant melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF/MEK inhibitors, and other revolutionary therapies have demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of this common malignancy. Along with these advancements in systemic therapies, imaging has continued to play a critical role in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with malignant melanoma. As the use of these novel therapies continues to expand, knowledge of the evolving therapeutic landscape of melanoma is becoming critical for radiologists. In this review, we provide a primer for radiologists outlining the evolution of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma. We discuss the critical role of imaging in evaluation of treatment response, including a summary of current imaging response guidelines. Last, we summarize the essential role of imaging in the evaluation of potential adverse events seen in patients with malignant melanoma undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient–Based Radiomic Nomogram in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study on Histological Grade Evaluation
Authors: Lin Naier , Yu Sihui , Xia Zhipeng , Wang Yifan , Chen Wei , Sha Yan 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The aim of the study was to develop and validate a nomogram model combining radiomic features and clinical characteristics to preoperatively differentiate between low- and high-grade sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas.

Material and Methods
A total of 174 patients who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging were included in this study. The patients were allocated to the training and testing cohorts randomly at a ratio of 6:4. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied for feature selection and radiomic signature (radscore) construction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent predictors. The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the calibration curve, decision curve analysis, and the clinical impact curve.

Results
The radscore included 9 selected radiomic features. The radscore and clinical stage were independent predictors. The nomogram showed better performance (training cohort: AUC, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.96; testing cohort: AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.82–0.97) than either the radscore or the clinical stage in both the training and test cohorts (P < 0.050). The nomogram demonstrated good calibration and clinical usefulness.

Conclusions
The apparent diffusion coefficient–based radiomic nomogram model could be useful in differentiating between low- and high-grade sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas.
Space-Occupying Lesions of the Inner Ear Are Easily Misdiagnosed as Endolymphatic Hydrops in a Perilymph-Enhanced Sequence Without the Assistance of a Heavily T2-Weighted Sequence
Authors: Chen Wei , Niu Yue , Lin Mengyan , Geng Yue , Lin Naier , Wang Xiaolin , Sha Yan 
Published: June 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore the value of T2-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (T2-SPACE) in identifying space-occupying lesions of the inner ear.

Methods
We collected the T2-SPACE and 3-dimensional inversion-recovery sequence with real reconstruction (3D-real IR) images of 220 patients with inner ear symptoms, including 15 patients with inner ear space-occupying lesions. With T2-SPACE images hidden, a senior and junior radiologist made a diagnosis for all patients using only the 3D-real IR images. After 4 weeks the images were shuffled, and T2-SPACE images were made available to the 2 radiologists in addition to 3D-real IR to reconsider the diagnosis for all patients.

Results
With the SPACE images hidden, the correct diagnosis rate of the space-occupying lesions was 8/15 (53.3%) for the senior radiologist, whereas it was only 2/15 (13.3%) for the junior radiologist. Without the SPACE images hidden, the correct diagnosis rate of the space-occupying lesions was 15/15 (100.0%) for the senior radiologist, whereas it was 13/15 (86.7%) for the junior radiologist. Of the 15 patients, 7 had only vestibular space-occupying lesions, 2 had only cochlear space-occupying lesions, and 6 had both. No semicircular canal space-occupying lesion was observed.

Conclusions
T2-SPACE can help identify space-occupying lesions of the inner ear that tend to be misdiagnosed as endolymphatic hydrops on 3D-real IR. The senior radiologist had a higher rate for the identification of space-occupying lesions than the junior radiologist when using only 3D-real IR, although the senior radiologist detection rate was still only 53.3%. With the addition of T2-SPACE, both the junior and senior radiologist achieved a high detection rate, which increased to 86.7% and 100%, respectively.
Liver Attenuation Assessment in Reduced Radiation Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Kirshenboim Zehavit , Marom Edith Michelle , Mayer Arnaldo , Green Michael , Klug Maximiliano , Tau Noam 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of liver and spleen Hounsfield units (HU) measurements in reduced radiation computed tomography (RRCT) of the chest within the sub-millisievert range.

Methods
We performed a prospective, institutional review board–approved study of accrued patients who underwent unenhanced normal-dose chest CT (NDCT) and with an average radiation dose of less than 5% of NDCT. In-house artificial intelligence–based denoising methods produced 2 denoised RRCT (dRRCT) series. Hepatic and splenic attenuations were measured on all 4 series: NDCT, RRCT, dRRCT1, and dRRCT2. Statistical analyses assessed the differences between the HU measurements of the liver and spleen in RRCTs and NDCT. As a test case, we assessed the performance of RRCTs for fatty liver detection, considering NDCT to be the reference standard.

Results
Wilcoxon test compared liver and spleen attenuation in the 72 patients included in our cohort. The liver attenuation in NDCT (median, 59.38 HU; interquartile range, 55.00–66.06 HU) was significantly different from the attenuation in RRCT, dRRCT1, and dRRCT2 (median, 63.63, 42.00, and 33.67 HU; interquartile range, 56.19–67.19, 37.33–45.83, and 30.33–38.50 HU, respectively), all with a P value <0.01. Six patients (8.3%) were considered to have fatty liver on NDCT. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of fatty liver detection by RRCT were greater than 98.5%, 50%, and 94.3%, respectively.

Conclusions
Attenuation measurements were significantly different between NDCT and RRCTs, but may still have diagnostic value in appreciating hepatosteastosis. Abdominal organ attenuation on RRCT protocols may differ from attenuation on NDCT and should be validated when new low-dose protocols are used.