bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Smart Thermal Management and Advanced Dielectrics
Authors: Wu Min , Zhou Yuanliang , Zhang Han , Liao Wugang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of electronic devices toward the miniaturization, integration, and multi‐functionalization, the device stability, reliability, and service life face significant challenges due to the greatly increased heat accumulation. Therefore, it is highly desired to develop efficient thermal dissipation materials in thermal management. Thermally conductive polymer composites are expected to be widely applied in 5G communication, electronic packaging, and energy storage, owing to the ease of processing, good flexibility, low cost, etc. Boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) is generally used as highly thermal conductive nanofillers for greatly improving the thermal conductivity of polymer. Mass production of high quality BNNS with desired properties and the structural design principles and fabrication methods for polymer/BNNS nanocomposites are critical to achieve extensive applications. Here, this review summarizes the latest advancement of the preparation method of BNNS and its polymer nanocomposites, as well as the innovatively structural design for observably improving the thermal management capability and energy storage performance of polymer/BNNS nanocomposites, expecting to offer some guidance on how to massively fabricate the BNNS and highly thermally conductive polymer composites.
Superrepellent Doubly Reentrant Geometry Promotes Antibiofouling and Prevention of Coronavirus Contamination
Authors: Lee Meng‐Shiue , Chien Yueh , Teng Pai‐Chi , Huang Xuan‐Yang , Lin Yi‐Ying , Lin Ting‐Yi , Chou Shih‐Jie , Chien Chian‐Shiu , Hsiao Yu‐Jer , Yang Yi‐Ping , Hsu Wensyang , Chiou Shih‐Hwa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fomite transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has drawn attention because of its highly contagious nature. Therefore, surfaces that can prevent coronavirus contamination are an urgent and unmet need during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Conventional surfaces are usually based on superhydrophobic or antiviral coatings. However, these coatings may be dysfunctional because of biofouling, which is the undesired adhesion of biomolecules. A superhydrophobic surface independent of the material content and coating agents may serve the purpose of antibiofouling and preventing viral transmission. Doubly reentrant topology (DRT) is a unique structure that can meet the need. This study demonstrates that the DRT surfaces possess a striking antibiofouling effect that can prevent viral contamination. This effect still exists even if the DRT surface is made of a hydrophilic material such as silicon oxide and copper. To the best of our knowledge, this work first demonstrates that fomite transmission of viruses may be prevented by minimizing the contact area between pathogens and surfaces even made of hydrophilic materials. Furthermore, the DRT geometry per se features excellent antibiofouling ability, which may shed light on the applications of pathogen elimination in alleviating the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Energy Level Diagram of 3d2 Configuration in Tetrahedral Crystal Field and Its Applications to Cr4 + /Mn5 + ‐Doped Luminescent Materials
Authors: Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTanabe–Sugano diagram is a successful guideline for the energy levels of 3dn electrons for half a century. However, it is developed only under the regular octahedral crystal field. With the surging research interests in the near‐infra‐red luminescence of 3d block transition‐metal elements, it becomes an urgent demand to know the energy level diagram of Cr4 + and Mn5 + with 3d2 configuration, which are usually embedded in the tetrahedral site due to the smaller ionic size. Although the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d8 configuration in octahedron is usually used as a substitution for that of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron, the result mismatches with the crystal field strength and emission profile. In this work, irreducible tensor operator method is applied to derive the full analytical expressions of 3d2 energy levels in the tetrahedral crystal field, based on which the Tanabe–Sugano diagram of 3d2 configuration in tetrahedron is built for the first time. Also provided is a set of formulas for fast estimation of values, which shows consistency between the crystal field strength and the emission profile among Cr4+, Mn5+‐doped luminescent materials. As it is hoped, this work could provide more deep insights into the luminescence of 3d2 elements.
Polysorbate identity and quantity dictate the extensional flow properties of protein‐excipient solutions
Authors: Lauser Kathleen T. , Rueter Amy L. , Calabrese Michelle A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile protein medications are promising for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, challenges persist in terms of development and injection stability of high‐concentration formulations. Here, the extensional flow properties of protein‐excipient solutions are examined via dripping‐onto‐substrate extensional rheology, using a model ovalbumin (OVA) protein and biocompatible excipients polysorbate 20 (PS20) and 80 (PS80). Despite similar PS structures, differences in extensional flow are observed based on PS identity in two regimes: at moderate total concentrations where surface tension differences drive changes in extensional flow behavior, and at small PS:OVA ratios, which impact the onset of weakly elastic flow behavior. Undesirable elasticity is observed in ultra‐concentrated formulations, independent of PS identity; higher PS contents are required to observe these effects than in analogous polymeric excipient solutions. These studies reveal novel extensional flow behaviors in protein‐excipient solutions, and provide a straightforward methodology for assessing the extensional flow stability of new protein‐excipient formulations.
Rapid evolution of selfing syndrome traits in Viola arvensis revealed by resurrection ecology
Authors: Cheptou Pierre‐Olivier , Imbert Eric , Thomann Michel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremiseAs part of global change, climate warming and pollinator decline are expected to affect plant phenology and plant–pollinator interactions. This paper aims at characterizing rapid evolution of life history traits and floral traits over two decades in the wild pansy (Viola arvensis), a common weed in agrosystems.MethodsWe used a resurrection ecology approach with genotypes sampled in 1991 and 2012 from a population in Burgundy (France). The species has a mixed mating system (hereafter: mixed selfer) and presents a floral polymorphism. To correct for maternal effects, we measured plant traits in the second generation in a common garden (after a refreshing generation) to characterize plant evolution during the two decades. In addition, historical population selfing rates in 1991 and 2012 were inferred from microsatellites markers through heterozygote deficiency and identity disequilibrium.ResultsPhenotypic data revealed a significant advance in flowering date, reduced flower sizes and a higher propensity of plants to set seed by autonomous selfing. Moreover, we detected a change in color morph frequency with an increase of the pale morph frequency. In accordance with phenotypic data, the neutral genetic data revealed an increase in historical selfing rates from 0.68 in 1991 to 0.86 in 2012.ConclusionsTaken together, such data suggest that the wild pansy, a mixed selfer, is evolving a selfing syndrome that may be the consequence of reduced pollinator activity in agrosystems.
Fertility experiences and later‐life cognitive function among older adults in China
Authors: Yang Hua‐Lei , Zhang Si‐Qing , Zhang Shuo , Wu Yuan‐Yang , Luo Run‐Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe relationship between fertility history and human health has long fascinated scholars; however, whether there is a link between number of children and cognitive function in older adults remains unclear. We investigated the associations between parity and the timing of first and last births with the cognitive function of older adults over 65.MethodsThe mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) was selected as a tool to measure cognitive function. We analyzed data on 5847 older adults in rural and urban communities in China from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey using ordinary least squares. To further explore the transmission mechanism, we also conducted a mediating effect analysis.ResultsWe found a negative association between number of children and cognitive function in older adults. Compared with older adults with four children, the MMSE scores of older adults with more than five children decreased significantly, and the score of older adults with zero to three children increased. Further, a late age at first birth (≥35) and a late age at last birth (≥35) were negatively associated with cognitive function. We also found that the associations between parity and cognition might be partly explained by variations in health.ConclusionOur analyses provided evidence from China to support the link between fertility history and cognitive function that has been observed in previous international studies: We suggest that high parity (≥5) is negatively associated with cognitive function.
Predictors and consequences of gestation length in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Feldblum Joseph T. , Boehm Emily E. , Walker Kara K. , Pusey Anne E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesEnergetics are widely recognized to influence timing of birth in humans and other eutherian mammals, yet considerable variation exists in the relationship between energetic constraints and gestation length. In humans, poor nutrition and short inter‐gestational intervals (IGIs) are associated with shorter gestations. In other mammals, lower energy availability is usually associated with longer gestations. We investigated the predictors of gestation length, and the impact of gestation length on offspring survival, in chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives.Materials and MethodsWe used 50 years of demographic and behavioral data to estimate gestation lengths in the wild chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and then used ecological and demographic data to explore the predictors and consequences of gestation length in our sample.ResultsGestation lengths were shorter for females in their early 30s (relative to younger and older females), and after short IGIs. Other predictors potentially associated with maternal energetic condition and maternal investment were not associated with gestation length. We also found that shorter gestation lengths corresponded to lower offspring survival.DiscussionLike humans, chimpanzees had shorter gestations after short IGIs, and short gestations were associated with higher offspring mortality. We consider competing explanations for the conflicting relationships between energetics and gestation length across eutherian mammals in light of these results.
Electron Symmetric Pearcey Gaussian Vortex Beams
Authors: Huang Haoyu , Tang Huilin , He Xingyi , Wu You , Cai Xuezhen , Deng Xiaofang , Deng Dongmei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, a new, to the best of the authors' knowledge, class of electron symmetric Pearcey Gaussian vortex beams (ESPGVBs) is introduced for the first time. And the propagation of ESPGVBs is investigated analytically and numerically in free space and in a constant magnetic field. In both two mediums, ESPGVBs possess auto‐focusing and self‐healing properties. It is worth noting that the auto‐focusing ability of ESPGVBs is high‐tunable. The focal length and the probability‐density of ESPGVBs can be flexibly adjusted by altering the distribution factors, the topological charge, and the magnetic flux density. At the auto‐focusing plane, ESPGVBs greatly self‐heal though the maximum of the probability‐density is severely declined. Compared with electron symmetric Pearcey Gaussian beams, ESPGVBs embedded with the vortex behave with a stronger self‐healing property in the whole process of the propagation.
Divergent CO2 Activation by Tuning the Lewis Acid in Iron‐Based Bimetallic Systems
Authors: Corona Helena , Pérez‐Jiménez Marina , de la Cruz‐Martínez Felipe , Fernández Israel , Campos Jesús 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBimetallic motifs mediate the selective activation and functionalization of CO2 in metalloenzymes and some recent synthetic systems. In this work, we build on the nascent concept of bimetallic frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) to investigate the activation and reduction of CO2. Using the Fe0 fragment [(depe)2Fe] (depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) as base, we modify the nature of the partner Lewis acid to accomplish a divergent and highly chemoselective reactivity towards CO2. [Au(PMe2Ar)]+ irreversibly dissociates CO2, Zn(C6F5)2 and B(C6F5)3 yield different CO2 adducts stabilized by push‐pull interactions, while Al(C6F5)3 leads to a rare heterobimetallic C−O bond cleavage, and thus to contrasting reduced products after exposure to dihydrogen. Computational investigations provide a rationale for the divergent reactivity, while Energy Decomposition Analysis‐Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence (EDA‐NOCV) method substantiates the heterobimetallic bonding situation.
Integrating Light‐Harvesting Ruthenium(II)‐based Units into Three‐Dimensional Metal Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Han Wang‐Kang , Liu Yong , Yan Xiaodong , Jiang Yuqin , Zhang Jiangwei , Gu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree metal covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs), namely RuCOF‐ETTA, RuCOF‐TPB and RuCOF‐ETTBA, were synthesized by incorporating the photosensitive RuIItris(2,2′‐bipyridine) unit into the skeleton. Interestingly, each RuCOF contains three isostructural covalent organic frameworks that interlock together with the RuIIcenters serving as point of registry. The covalently linked network coupling with uniformly distributed RuIIunits allowed the RuCOFs to exhibit superior chemical stability, strong light‐harvesting ability, and high photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution (20 308 μmol g−1 h−1). This work illustrates the potential of developing versatile MCOFs‐based photocatalysts from functionalized metal complex building unit and further enriches the MCOFs family.
Direct Observation of Li‐Ion Transport Heterogeneity Induced by Nanoscale Phase Separation in Li‐rich Cathodes of Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Liu Bowen , Hu Naifang , Li Chao , Ma Jun , Zhang Jianwei , Yang Yuan , Sun Deye , Yin Bangxun , Cui Guanglei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxide (LLO) cathode materials with high specific capacities could significantly enhance the energy density of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the specific practical capacities of LLO materials in ASSLBs are extremely low due to poor initial activation. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy with in situ differential phase contrast imaging was first used to study the initial activation mechanism of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2. Li‐ion transport heterogeneity was observed in LLO grains and across the LLO/Li6PS5Cl interface, due to the coexistence of the nanoscale Li2MnO3 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 phases. Consequently, the severely constrained activation of Li2MnO3 during the first charging could be attributed to a nanoscale phase separation in LLO, hindering Li‐ion transport through its particles, and causing high impedance in the Li2MnO3 domain/Li6PS5Cl interface. This study could facilitate interface design of high‐performance LLO‐based ASSLBs.
Elucidation of the principle of microwave rubber vulcanization based on dielectric parameters and vulcanization of tire rubber by variable frequency microwave
Authors: Okumura Kyosuke , Saiki Aya , Hojo Masahiro , Takizawa Toshiki , Horikoshi Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe microwave vulcanization of tire rubber was investigated by monitoring the dielectric properties of the rubber polymer and other components of the formulation (including carbon filler, antioxidant, and vulcanization agents) as functions of frequency and temperature. The effect of the vulcanization reaction on the dielectric properties during heating was also assessed. The physical interaction between the crosslinked structure and the carbon black significantly favors the responsiveness to microwaves during the vulcanization reaction. Based on these basic data, microwave irradiation conditions were determined, and model tire samples were microwave vulcanized in a PTFE mold. It has achieved a shorter time of heating and 65% energy saving, but on the other hand, it has become clear that the vulcanization produces very poor physical quality compared to vulcanization by electric furnace heating. To solve this problem, we performed microwave irradiation using variable frequency microwave (VFM; 5.85 ~ 6.65 GHz) using glass fiber on polyetherketoneketone (PEEK/GF) mold. In VFM, compared to conventional fixed frequency microwave (FFM), successfully synthesized high‐quality tire rubber because it showed 4.2, 1.1, 2.0, 1.2, and 1.8 times higher values in terms of cross‐linking density value, hardness value, tensile strength, elongation at break, and 200% modulus, respectively.
Tunable shape memory property polyurethane with high glass transition temperature composed of polycarbonate diols
Authors: Mao Hsu‐I , Chen Chin‐Wen , Guo Li‐Yin , Rwei Syang‐Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of polyurethane (PU) copolymers was synthesized by 4,4‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) with different polyols of polyether, polyether carbonate (PEC), and polycarbonate with the same molecular weight via a one‐step copolymerization process. The synthesized PU containing the ether carbonate groups exhibited a relatively higher glass transition temperature (Tg) above 45°C; in comparison, a value of 12.4°C for the polycarbonate sample and −22°C for the polyether sample was observed. The film made of PEC samples produced by solvent indicated an increment of Tg from 14.6 to 59.6°C after annealing for 6 h, which might be due to the rearrangement of chain structure, which led to an assembling of carbonate groups and resulted in a hindrance of chain mobility. For shape memory examination of the PU copolymers, all samples showed remarkable ability as recovery rate above 91% after 3 cycles test. PEC‐type PU polymers reveal potential high‐temperature micro shape memory material applications.
Effects of chitosan molecular weight and deacetylation degree on the properties of collagen‐chitosan composite films for food packaging
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Tang Pingping , Li Guoying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComposite films based on collagen and chitosan with different molecular weights (MWs) and deacetylation degree (DD) are prepared for food packaging. Fourier‐transform infrared analysis indicates that more hydrogen bonds have formed between collagen molecules and chitosan with larger MW or higher DD due to their more reactive groups for interactions. The light barrier capacity, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite films enhanced with increasing the MW or DD of chitosan. However, composite film with the lowest MW of 50 kDa possesses the best antioxidative and antibacterial activities. Among all the films, composite films containing chitosan with low MW of 50 kDa and high DD of 95% exhibit better preservation effect in pork. The shelf life of pork wrapped with film containing chitosan of 50 kDa has been extended to 3 days with the lowest total volatile basic nitrogen level (12.13 mg/100 g), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value (0.541 mg malondialdehyde/kg) and total viable count (5.64 log colony forming unit/g). These results indicate that MW and DD of chitosan are two important factors that should be considered when designing collagen‐chitosan composite films for food packaging.
Compatibilized thermoplastic elastomers based on highly filled polyethylene with ground tire rubber
Authors: Liu Shuang , Peng Zonglin , Zhang Yong , Rodrigue Denis , Wang Shifeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThermoplastic elastomers (TPE) based on ground tire rubber (GTR) are good strategies for the circular economy and sustainable development of waste tire rubber recycling. However, several parameters must be optimized to produce valuable TPE. The most important ones are GTR concentration and dispersion, as well as crosslinking degree, combined with interfacial interactions between the GTR and the thermoplastic matrix. In this work, TPE based on highly filled linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) with GTR (50%–90%) was prepared via dynamic vulcanization. In particular, different reclaimed GTR (RR) was used alone or with a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, PE‐g‐MAH) to prepare compatibilized TPE. The interactions between the rubber and plastic were quantified by a series of characterizations including mechanical tests, rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the mechanical properties and processability decreased with increasing GTR content. Although the interfacial compatibility was improved with a higher GTR reclamation degree, the TPE mechanical properties were still gradually decreasing. To improve on these results, PE‐g‐MAH was added to increase the GTR‐LLDPE interfacial interactions. The results showed improvement in terms of mechanical properties and processability, especially for compatibilized TPE based on RR (tensile strength increased from 3.34 to 4.82 MPa and elongation at break from 91% to 101%).
Irradiation and parasitism affect the ability of larval hemocytes of Anastrepha obliqua for phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Gómez‐Alonso Itzia , Baltierra‐Uribe Shantal , Sánchez‐Torres Luvia , Cancino‐Diaz Mario , Cancino‐Diaz Juan , Rodriguez‐Martinez Sandra , Ovruski Sergio M. , Hendrichs Jorge , Cancino Jorge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of the parasitoid Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Anastrepha obliqua (McQuart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae is unviable in nature; however, if the host larva is irradiated at 160 Gy, the parasitoid develops and emerges successfully. This suggests that radiation affects the immune responses of A. obliqua larvae, while the underlying mechanisms remain to be revealed. Using optical and electronic microscopies we determined the number and type of hemocyte populations found inside the A. obliqua larvae, either nonirradiated, irradiated at 160 Gy, parasitized by D. crawfordi, or irradiated and parasitized. Based on flow cytometry, the capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by the 123‐dihydrorhodamine method in those hemocyte cells. Five cell populations were found in the hemolymph of A. obliqua larvae, two of which (granulocytes and plasmatocytes) can phagocytize and produce ROS. A reduction in the number of cells, mainly of the phagocytic type, was observed, as well as the capacity of these cells to produce ROS, when A. obliqua larvae were irradiated. Both radiation and parasitization decreased the ROS production, and when A. obliqua larvae were irradiated followed by parasitization by D. crawfordi, the reduction of the ROS level was even greater. In contrast, a slight increase in the size of these cells was observed in the hemolymph of the parasitized larvae compared to those in nonparasitized larvae. These results suggest that radiation significantly affects the phagocytic cells of A. obliqua and thus permits the development of the parasitoid D. crawfordi.