bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Key Stage 3 literature: the challenges of accountability, gender and diversity
Authors: Kneen Judith , Chapman Susan , Foley Joan , Kelly Lucy , Smith Lorna , Thomas Helena , Watson Annabel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results of a study, conducted in parts of Wales and southwest England, focusing on what literature is being taught to learners aged 11–14 years. By exploring this area, we gain insight into influences on teacher choices and the challenges faced by teachers. Our research, which included a survey of over 170 teachers as well as teacher interviews, provides a snapshot of young people's experiences studying literature in the early secondary years (Key Stage 3). The results show that while some schools provide variety and diversity in their choice of texts and authors, the majority provide a limited diet of literature with texts mainly from male writers, with male protagonists. Girls are rarely the main focus. Nor do the majority of children study literature written by or about those from black and minority ethnic backgrounds, highlighting a lack of diversity. Literature teaching at Key Stage 3 is increasingly influenced by the demands of GCSE and exam accountability. We hope the study can act as a catalyst for discussion about what ought to be the purpose and focus of literature study in England, Wales and beyond.
Putative roles of mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Culicoides spp.) as mechanical or biological vectors of lumpy skin disease virus
Authors: Paslaru Anca I. , Maurer Lena M. , Vögtlin Andrea , Hoffmann Bernd , Torgerson Paul R. , Mathis Alexander , Veronesi Eva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) is considered as the main mechanical vector of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). In addition, the mosquito species Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) was shown to transmit the virus from donor to receptor animals. Retention of the virus for several days was shown for two additional tropical mosquito species and the biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). In the present study, viral retention for 10‐ or 7‐days post feeding on virus‐spiked blood through a membrane was shown for field‐collected Aedes japonicus and laboratory‐reared Culex pipiens, two widely distributed mosquito species in temperate regions. Viral DNA could be detected from honey‐coated Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards and shedded faeces for 1 or 4 days after an infectious blood meal was given to Ae. aegypti. Virus increase over time and virus dissemination was observed in laboratory‐reared C. nubeculosus, but the virus could be isolated from field‐collected biting midges only from the day of exposure to the blood meal. Thus, mosquitoes might serve as mechanical vectors of LSDV in case of interrupted feeding. A putative biological virus transmission by Culicoides biting midges, as suspected from field observations, deserves further investigations.
Extracellular ATP targets Arabidopsis RIBONUCLEASE 1 to suppress mycotoxin stress‐induced cell death
Authors: Goodman Heather L. , Kroon Johan T. M. , Tomé Daniel F. A. , Hamilton John M. U. , Alqarni Ali O. , Chivasa Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Extracellular ATP is a purinergic signal with important functions in regulating plant growth and stress‐adaptive responses, including programmed cell death. While signalling events proximate to receptor activation at the plasma membrane have been characterised, downstream protein targets and the mechanism of cell death activation/regulation are unknown.

We designed a proteomic screen to identify ATP‐responsive proteins in Arabidopsis cell cultures exposed to mycotoxin stress via fumonisin B1 (FB1) application.

Arabidopsis RIBONUCLEASE 1 (RNS1) was identified by the screen, and transgenic plants overexpressing native RNS1 showed greater susceptibility to FB1, while a gene knockout rns1 mutant and antisense RNS1 transgenic plants were resistant to FB1‐induced cell death. Native RNS1 complemented rns1 mutants and restored the cell death response to FB1, while a catalytically inactive version of the ribonuclease could not. The FB1 resistance of salicylic acid (SA)‐depleted nahG‐expressing plants was abolished by transformation with native RNS1, but not the catalytically dead version.

The mechanism of FB1‐induced cell death is activation of RNS1‐dependent RNA cleavage, which is blocked by ATP via RNS1 suppression, or enhanced by SA through induction of RNS1 expression. Our study reveals RNS1 as a previously unknown convergence point of ATP and SA signalling in the regulation of stress‐induced cell death.
The Edinburgh feeding evaluation in dementia (EdFED) scale: A Turkish validity and reliability study
Authors: Uyar Fatma , Özmen Dilek , Watson Roger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to adapt the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale to Turkish.MethodThis methodological study was reported using STARD (The STAndards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy). The sample included 200 people with dementia. The data were obtained using the Personal Information Form, the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Test. For the Turkish adaptation of the scale, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), criterion validity (concurrent scale validity) and reliability analysis (Cronbach's α coefficient, item‐total score correlation) were performed, respectively.ResultsThe three‐factor model in the original scale was verified. The content validity index was 0.95. The Cronbach's α coefficient factors were as follows: ‘Indicators of Patient Difficulty’ α = 0.81, ‘Patient's Need for Assistance’ α = 0.79 and ‘Indicators of Feeding Difficulty’ α = 0.64, respectively. When the CFA fit indexes were examined, the model fit values were good. The three‐factor structure was verified, compared with the original model and was compatible. No modification was needed in the model.ConclusionsThe Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale Turkish version provides reliable and valid measures of feeding difficulties in people with dementia. It has satisfactory psychometric properties and is suitable to use in clinical practice.Implications for practiceFeeding is one of the most neglected subjects in caring for people with dementia. Screening is recommended to evaluate feeding and malnutrition, but, to our knowledge, there is no tool/scale to evaluate the feeding of the dementia patient in Turkish. The EdFED scale can serve healthcare professionals and caregivers as a practical tool for feeding difficulties in people with dementia.
Twenty Years Development of Tibial Cortex Transverse Transport Surgery in PR China
Authors: Liu Zheng , Xu Chao , Yu Yi‐kang , Tu Dong‐peng , Peng Yi , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) surgery is an extension of the Ilizarov technique. Based on the law of tension‐stress, its primary function is to rebuild microcirculation which can relieve ischemic symptoms and promote wound healing. It has received more and more scholars' attention and has experienced a series of changes for 20 years since it entered PR China. The mechanisms involved have gradually become clear, such as the reconstruction of the polarization balance of macrophages, the promotion of vascular tissue regeneration, and the mobilization and regulation of bone marrow‐derived stem cells. TTT technique is mainly used in the treatment of chronic ischemic diseases of the lower extremities. It has recently been successfully used in the treatment of primary lymphedema of the lower extremities. A series of improvements have been made in the external fixator's style, the size of skin incision and osteotomy, and distraction method. For example, the annular external fixator has been redesigned as a unilateral external fixator, and accordion technology has been introduced. For distraction methods after surgery, there was no uniform standard in the past. The technique can also be used in combination with other treatments to achieve better effects, such as interventional therapy, negative pressure sealed drainage, 3D printing technology, traditional Chinese medicine. Nevertheless, the surgery may bring some complications, such as secondary fracture, nail infection, skin necrosis at the surgical site, etc. Reports of complications and doubts about the technique have made the TTT technique controversial. In 2020, the relevant expert consensus was published with treatment and management principles, which might guide the better application and development of this technique.
Radiographic Assessment of Aseptic Loosening of Tumor‐Type Knee Prosthesis in Distal Femur
Authors: Li Zi‐ming , Yu Xiu‐chun , Zheng Kai 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo measure the full‐length anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of lower limbs after the resection of a tumor in the distal femur and tumor‐type knee prosthesis replacement and to analyze the factors leading to aseptic loosening of the prosthesis.MethodsA total of 26 cases of tumor‐type knee prosthesis replacement or revision due to the distal femoral tumor at our hospital from January 2007 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the loosening and unloosening groups depending on whether aseptic loosening occurred after surgery. Full‐length anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of lower limbs were used to measure bone resection length, length of prosthesis, distance of proximal apex of the medullary stem of the femoral prosthesis from the maximum arc of the anterior femoral arch, diameter of the medullary stem, etc. Data were analyzed, and the risk factors for aseptic loosening of the prosthesis were explored.ResultsThe ratio of the prosthetic length to the femoral length (63.72 ± 5.21) and the ratio of the femoral medullary stem diameter to the femoral diameter (26.03 ± 8.45) were smaller in the loosening group than in the unloosening group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The distance between the apex of the medullary stem and the maximum arc of the anterior femoral arch was significantly shorter in the loosening group (3.47 ± 2.96) than in the unloosening group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The measurement of the lower limb alignment showed significant differences between the loosening and unloosening groups in terms of HKAA, mLDFA, and distance between the lower limb alignment and the center of the knee joint (p < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that less than 30% ratio between the medullary stem diameter and the femoral diameter, less than 3 cm distance between the apex of the medullary stem and the maximum curvature of the anterior arch of the femur, distance between the lower limb alignment and the center of the knee joint, and presence of varus knee and valgus knee after the surgery were the risk factors for aseptic loosening of the prosthesis.ConclusionsThe diameter of the femoral medullary stem of the prosthesis, the apex position of the prosthetic stem, and the lower limb alignment are the risk factors for aseptic loosening of the prosthesis.
Rapid and Severe Idiopathic Aseptic Necrosis of the Contralateral Femoral Head after Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Su Qihang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhao Bin'an , Ge Heng'an , Wu Peng , Li Jun , Cheng Biao 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a multifactorial disease, and agnogenic ONFH, otherwise known as idiopathic ONFH, is rare in clinic. Idiopathic ONFH that exhibits severe necrosis and progresses extremely rapidly is called rapidly destructive hip disease (RDHD). RDHD greatly affects patients but is rarely reported in clinical practice and literature.Case PresentationIn this study, a 64‐year‐old male patient with complete collapse and necrosis of the right femoral head complicated with severe bone destruction at 10 months after left total hip arthroplasty (THA) was reported. The period from the intact structure of the right femoral head to the first discovery of its complete collapse, according to imaging results, was 7 months. The duration from the occurrence of symptoms in the right hip joint to the first discovery of complete collapse and necrosis of the femoral head was only 5 months. At present, the cause has not been determined based on medical history, symptoms, signs, imaging evaluation results, laboratory examination results, and pathological examination results, though it has been identified as severe idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head with rapid progression, or RDHD. Finally, right THA was performed, and a good outcome was observed in the patient at present.ConclusionsAs a rare hip joint disease, RDHD greatly influences the normal life of patients. RDHD of the contralateral side after unilateral THA is even scarcer. Left THA may be one of the important factors accelerating the necrosis of the right femoral head. Hopefully, with this case report, more attention will be paid to the contralateral hip joint in patients undergoing unilateral THA by clinicians and rehabilitation physicians, and a clinical reference will be provided for the research on RDHD.
Professional development leadership in turbulent times: Public administration symposium: Robust politics and governance in turbulent times
Authors: Lund Clara S. , Andersen Lotte B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntense turbulence means that parameters change, interdependencies unexpectedly become critical, and public organizations experience unpredictable tempo shifts. Existing studies have explored how public managers can exercise leadership specifically aimed at obtaining dynamic resilience, but more knowledge about leadership and turbulence intensity is needed. Combining existing theoretical knowledge about robust governance in turbulent times and in‐depth analysis of 31 interviews, we examine how public managers exercise professional development leadership in situations where events, demands, and support interact in variable, inconsistent, unexpected, and unpredictable ways. We find it highly relevant for public managers to both develop and (de)activate professional norms and knowledge in such situations, implying that professional development leadership is important in turbulent times.
Genome‐wide analyses of PAM‐relaxed Cas9 genome editors reveal substantial off‐target effects by ABE8e in rice
Authors: Wu Yuechao , Ren Qiurong , Zhong Zhaohui , Liu Guanqing , Han Yangshuo , Bao Yu , Liu Li , Xiang Shuyue , Liu Shuo , Tang Xu , Zhou Jianping , Zheng Xuelian , Sretenovic Simon , Zhang Tao , Qi Yiping , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2022

SummaryPAM‐relaxed Cas9 nucleases, cytosine base editors and adenine base editors are promising tools for precise genome editing in plants. However, their genome‐wide off‐target effects are largely unexplored. Here, we conduct whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) analyses of transgenic plants edited by xCas9, Cas9‐NGv1, Cas9‐NG, SpRY, nCas9‐NG‐PmCDA1, nSpRY‐PmCDA1 and nSpRY‐ABE8e in rice. Our results reveal that Cas9 nuclease and base editors, when coupled with the same guide RNA (gRNA), prefer distinct gRNA‐dependent off‐target sites. De novo generated gRNAs by SpRY editors lead to additional, but insubstantial, off‐target mutations. Strikingly, ABE8e results in ~500 genome‐wide A‐to‐G off‐target mutations at TA motif sites per transgenic plant. ABE8e’s preference for the TA motif is also observed at the target sites. Finally, we investigate the timeline and mechanism of somaclonal variation due to tissue culture, which chiefly contributes to the background mutations. This study provides a comprehensive understanding on the scale and mechanisms of off‐target and background mutations occurring during PAM‐relaxed genome editing in plants.
Ion transporters and their regulatory signal transduction mechanisms for salinity tolerance in plants
Authors: Joshi Shubham , Nath Jhilmil , Singh Anil Kumar , Pareek Ashwani , Joshi Rohit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil salinity is one of the most serious threats to plant growth and productivity. Due to global climate change, burgeoning population and shrinking arable land, there is an urgent need to develop crops with minimum reduction in yield when cultivated in salt‐affected areas. Salinity stress imposes osmotic stress as well as ion toxicity, which impairs major plant processes such as photosynthesis, cellular metabolism, and plant nutrition. One of the major effects of salinity stress in plants includes the disturbance of ion homeostasis in various tissues. In the present study, we aimed to review the regulation of uptake, transport, storage, efflux, influx, and accumulation of various ions in plants under salinity stress. We have summarized major research advancements towards understanding the ion homeostasis at both cellular and whole‐plant level under salinity stress. We have also discussed various factors regulating the function of ion transporters and channels in maintaining ion homeostasis and ionic interactions under salt stress, including plant antioxidative defense, osmo‐protection, and osmoregulation. We further elaborated on stress perception at extracellular and intracellular levels, which triggers downstream intracellular‐signaling cascade, including secondary messenger molecules generation. Various signaling and signal transduction mechanisms under salinity stress and their role in improving ion homeostasis in plants are also discussed. Taken together, the present review focuses on recent advancements in understanding the regulation and function of different ion channels and transporters under salt stress, which may pave the way for crop improvement.
Female Representation and Violence in the Ceremonial Entries of the Italian Wars
Authors: Reid Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay considers the gendered implications of female representation in the ceremonial entries of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) in light of the events' hyper‐masculine martial context. It takes a holistic approach, uncommon in entry scholarship, by considering the thematic intersections between entry decorations, participation, performance, and commemoration. Visually rendered and embodied performances of political allegory, and written accounts of these displays, reveal an underlying threat of gendered violence. Female personifications of cities, like male‐authored accounts of the cities' women, framed the female body in relation to the male gaze, often to reinforce the entrant's masculinity. This study finds that different modalities of female representation across ceremonial entries utilized allegorical and patriarchal dynamics which were underwritten by the threat of gendered violence.
Atypical ooid diversity in the Upper Cretaceous Yacoraite Formation, Argentina
Authors: Coppa Vigliocco Ariadna , Astini Ricardo A. , Gomez Fernando J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study reports on ooid diversity from different lithotypes of the Yacoraite Formation (Salta Group basin) in the Central Andes of north‐west Argentina. The ooids display a variety of internal and external morphologies that may be deployed as proxies for seawater chemistry and hydrodynamic processes. A short review of nomenclature problems is first discussed, followed by presentation of a two‐fold quantitative and qualitative methodology. Our proposed classification addresses internal and external ooid characters in order to understand growth in response to various environmental processes at an individual particle level. This classification allows discrimination between a variety of morphologies, but also evaluation of the complexity of the processes involved in ooid formation as seen in the fossil record. This study evaluates whether the ooids present within the Yacoraite Formation share similarities with ooids formed in marine versus marine lagoon and/or lacustrine environments. A possible lacustrine interpretation finds its origin in the diverse assemblage of ooid morphotypes present, which exceeds the variations described for marine ooids. However, growth paths and occurrence of various compound morphologies point to intense marine recycling, suggesting little accommodation. Together with other sedimentological characteristics, for example, bi‐directional cross‐bedding, tidal shoals, hummocky cross‐stratification and exposure surfaces, these features suggest that marine processes had an impact on the sediments. Therefore, the ooid assemblage of the Cretaceous Yacoraite Formation was most likely formed in a shallow coastal lagoon in the framework of an epicontinental sea that at times experienced marine flooding events. A detailed evaluation of processes involved in oolite formation is needed in order to improve the stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental understanding of ooid formation through time. This includes examining alternating constructive and destructive stages, early binding and cementation, reworking, recycling and averaging processes.
Stable, longitudinal relations between early paternal supportive parenting and preschool‐age children's self‐regulation
Authors: Feldman Julia S. , Shaw Daniel S. , Nordahl Kristin Berg , Backer‐Grøndahl Agathe , Nærde Ane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study assessed longitudinal relations between paternal supportive parenting in infancy (12 months) and toddlerhood (36 months) and children's observed self‐regulation skills at preschool age (48 months) in a large sample of Norwegian families (N = 771; 48% girls, 52% boys, 28% experienced some socioeconomic risk). After accounting for child sex, socioeconomic risk (6 and 12 months), and observed maternal supportive parenting (24 moths), structural equation modeling revealed that observed paternal supportive parenting with children at 36, but not 12, months was independently associated with a latent factor representing children's observed self‐regulation skills at 48 months. Further, a significant indirect pathway emerged such that paternal supportive parenting at 12 months was associated with children's self‐regulation skills at 48 months, via paternal supportive parenting at 36 months. Results are discussed with implications for supporting paternal caregiving during infancy to promote children's emerging self‐regulation skills.