bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary time and species diversity in aquatic ecosystems worldwide
Authors: Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is frequently described as the most dramatic biodiversity pattern on Earth, yet ecologists and biogeographers have failed to reach consensus on its primary cause. A key problem in explaining the LDG involves collinearity between multiple factors that are predicted to affect species richness in the same direction. In terrestrial systems, energy input, geographic area, and evolutionary time for species accumulation tend to covary positively with species richness at the largest spatial scales, such that their individual contributions to the LDG are confounded in global analyses. I review three diversity patterns from marine and freshwater systems that break this collinearity and which may thus provide stronger tests of the influence of time on global richness gradients. Specifically, I contrast biodiversity patterns along oceanic depth gradients, in geologically young versus ancient lakes, and in the north versus south polar marine biomes. I focus primarily on fishes due to greater data availability but synthesize patterns for invertebrates where possible. I find that regional‐to‐global species richness generally declines with depth in the oceans, despite the great age and stability of the deep‐sea biome. Geologically ancient lakes generally do not contain more species than young lakes, and the Antarctic marine biome is not appreciably more species rich than the much younger Arctic marine biome. However, endemism is consistently higher in older systems. Patterns for invertebrate groups are less clear than for fishes and reflect a critical need for primary biodiversity data. In summary, the available data suggest that species richness is either decoupled from or only weakly related to the amount of time for diversification. These results suggest that energy, productivity, or geographic area are the primary drivers of large‐scale diversity gradients. To the extent that marine and terrestrial diversity gradients result from similar processes, these examples provide evidence against a primary role for evolutionary time as the cause of the LDG.
Do age of consent laws decrease teen births?
Authors: Lepage Louis‐Pierre 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper studies two legislative changes that extended legal penalties for sex with minors ages 14 to 16 in Canada and the US. Using differences‐in‐differences and triple‐differences strategies, it presents new evidence that age of consent laws affect teen fertility, especially the rate that teenage girls aged 14 to 15 become pregnant and have children from adult men of ages targeted by the law changes. I find that the 2008 increase in Canada and the 1995 increase in the American state of Georgia led to substantial decreases in the fraction of births arising from partnerships made illegal. These impacts reflect net decreases in births and falling abortions rather than changes in reporting, implying decreased pregnancy rates. Further evidence suggests that the laws deterred relationships between teens and targeted partners altogether and I also uncover a strong response to the law through marriage of teens aged 14 to 15 in Georgia, which then provided a loophole because age of consent laws did not apply to married couples.
Determination of significant parameters in remote ischemic postconditioning for ischemic stroke in experimental models: A systematic review and meta‐analysis study
Authors: Liu Kezhou , Cai Zhengting , Zhang Quanwei , He Jiatong , Cheng Yinuo , Wei Shaonong , Yin Mengjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review studies using remote ischemia postconditioning (RIPostC) for ischemic stroke in experimental models and obtain factors that significantly influence treatment outcomes.Materials and MethodsPeer‐reviewed studies were identified and selected based on the eligibility criteria, followed by extraction of data on potentially influential factors related to model preparation, postconditioning, and measure time based on outcome measures including infarct size, neurological scales, and cell tests with autophagy, apoptosis, normal‐neuron, and damaged‐neuron counting. Then, all data were preprocessed, grouped, and meta‐analyzed with the indicator of the standardized mean difference.ResultsFifty‐seven studies with 224 experiments (91 for infarct size, 92 for neurological scales, and 41 for cell‐level tests) were included. There was little statistical difference between different model preparations, treated body parts, number of treatments, and sides. And treatment effect was generally a positive correlation with the duration of conditioning time to stroke onset with exceptions at some time points. Based on infarct size, the number of cycles per treatment, duration of occlusion, and release per cycle showed significant differences. Combined with the effect sizes by other measures, the occlusion/release duration of 8–10 min per cycle is better than 5 min, and three cycles per treatment were most frequently used with good effects. Effect also varied when measuring at different times, showing statistical differences in infarct size and most neurological scales. RIPostC is confirmed as an effective therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke, while the RIPostC‐mediated autophagy level being activated or inhibited remained conflicting.ConclusionsConditioning time, number of cycles per treatment, duration of occlusion, and release per cycle were found to influence the treatment effects of RIPostC significantly. More studies on the relevant influential factors and autophagy mechanisms are warranted.
Implementing a pragmatic clinical trial to tailor opioids for acute pain on behalf of the IGNITE ADOPT PGx investigators
Authors: Cavallari Larisa H. , Cicali Emily , Wiisanen Kristin , Fillingim Roger B. , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Myers Rachel A. , Blake Kathryn V. , Asiyanbola Bolanle , Baye Jordan F. , Bronson Wesley H. , Cook Kelsey J. , Elwood Erica N. , Gray Chancellor F. , Gong Yan , Hines Lindsay , Kannry Joseph , Kucher Natalie , Lynch Sheryl , Nguyen Khoa A. , Obeng Aniwaa Owusu , Pratt Victoria M. , Prieto Hernan A. , Ramos Michelle , Sadeghpour Azita , Singh Rajbir , Rosenman Marc , Starostik Petr , Thomas Cameron D. , Tillman Emma , Dexter Paul R. , Horowitz Carol R. , Orlando Lori A. , Peterson Josh F. , Skaar Todd C. , Van Driest Sara L. , Volpi Simona , Voora Deepak , Parvataneni Hari K. , Johnson Julie A. ,   for the IGNITE Pragmatic Trials Network
Published: July 2022

AbstractOpioid prescribing for postoperative pain management is challenging because of inter‐patient variability in opioid response and concern about opioid addiction. Tramadol, hydrocodone, and codeine depend on the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme for formation of highly potent metabolites. Individuals with reduced or absent CYP2D6 activity (i.e., intermediate metabolizers [IMs] or poor metabolizers [PMs], respectively) have lower concentrations of potent opioid metabolites and potentially inadequate pain control. The primary objective of this prospective, multicenter, randomized pragmatic trial is to determine the effect of postoperative CYP2D6‐guided opioid prescribing on pain control and opioid usage. Up to 2020 participants, age ≥8 years, scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure will be enrolled and randomized to immediate pharmacogenetic testing with clinical decision support (CDS) for CYP2D6 phenotype‐guided postoperative pain management (intervention arm) or delayed testing without CDS (control arm). CDS is provided through medical record alerts and/or a pharmacist consult note. For IMs and PM in the intervention arm, CDS includes recommendations to avoid hydrocodone, tramadol, and codeine. Patient‐reported pain‐related outcomes are collected 10 days and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome, a composite of pain intensity and opioid usage at 10 days postsurgery, will be compared in the subgroup of IMs and PMs in the intervention (n = 152) versus the control (n = 152) arm. Secondary end points include prescription pain medication misuse scores and opioid persistence at 6 months. This trial will provide data on the clinical utility of CYP2D6 phenotype‐guided opioid selection for improving postoperative pain control and reducing opioid‐related risks.
What is mind blanking: A conceptual clarification
Authors: Fell Juergen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe investigation of so‐called mind blanking has been recently established in the context of mind wandering research. Unfortunately, the description of the term ‘mind blanking’ and its experimental assessment are often ambiguous. More specifically, two distinct phenomena have been conceptually blended and both characterized using the term ‘mind blanking’ in experimental studies: the absence of task‐focus and thought, versus complete lack of conscious experiences. At least in part, this confusion can be traced back to the writings of William James, who referred to ‘thought’ as a superordinate term to address different conscious experiences. Applying the technique of so‐called experience sampling, experimental studies, up to now, probably assessed the absence of thought, but not a complete lack of conscious experiences. There is no clear evidence yet for instances of the latter phenomenon occurring during non‐pathological waking state. Possibly, such evidence could be revealed in the future using a conceptually more refined experience sampling.
Feedback Artificial Tree‐Anti Corona Virus Optimization enabled deep learning for detecting autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Arumugam Arunkumar , Velrajkumar Pitchandi , Sriramakrishnan Gopalsamy Venkadakrishnan , Muppidi Satish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for a number of neurodevelopmental conditions with many heterogeneous behavioural indications. Recent medical imaging approaches use functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) for human recognition of the various neurological syndromes. However, these traditional techniques are time consuming and expensive. Thus, in this research, an optimization assisted deep learning technique, named Feedback Artificial Virus Optimization (FAVO)‐based deep residual network (DRN), is developed. FAVO‐based DRN is designed to incorporate the Feedback Artificial Tree (FAT) algorithm with Anti Corona Virus Optimization (ACVO). First, Region‐Of‐Interest extraction is carried out using thresholding techniques with nub region extraction completed using the proposed FAVO algorithm. ASD classification is then carried out using a DRN classifier. Evaluation of the proposal uses the ABIDE‐1 and ABIDE‐2 datasets. The developed FAVO algorithm attains better accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.9214, 0.9365, and 0.9142, respectively, by considering ABIDE‐2 dataset.
Adaptive control and supply chain management of intelligent agricultural greenhouse by intelligent fuzzy auxiliary cognitive system
Authors: Tian Yongjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work aims to avoid the complex control process caused by complex coupling and serious interference of control variables in traditional greenhouse environmental control and achieve the adaptive control of agricultural greenhouse. This work studies smart agricultural greenhouses' adaptive control and supply chain management based on the intelligent fuzzy auxiliary cognitive system (IFACS). This work firstly expresses the intelligent fuzzy control theory and analyses data according to the fuzzy control set. Secondly, the adaptive control and supply chain management of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse are studied by using an intelligent fuzzy aided cognitive system. Finally, the light intensity and carbon dioxide content of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse are analysed; the temperature and humidity content of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse of the traditional control method and adaptive control are compared; the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on the environment under supply chain management is analysed. The research results indicate that the adaptive control of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse based on the IFACS can keep the greenhouse temperature within a specific range and reduce the impact of temperature on the development of agricultural greenhouses. The IFACS is effectively managed in the adaptive control of the intelligent agricultural greenhouse. From 2015 to 2020, the smart agricultural greenhouse supply chain management gradually reduced the content of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by the production and suppliers through the IFACS. The content of greenhouse gases emitted by product transporters did not change significantly, and the greenhouse gases emitted by non‐manufacturing suppliers gradually decreased. In 2020, supply chain GHG emission intensity decreased by 20% compared with 2015, and GHG emissions from product transportation also decreased by 6% compared with the previous year. This research has reference significance for the adaptive control of intelligent agricultural greenhouse by IFACS and the environmental control of agricultural greenhouse by supply chain management.
Winter warming offsets one half of the spring warming effects on leaf unfolding
Authors: Wang Huanjiong , Dai Junhu , Peñuelas Josep , Ge Quansheng , Fu Yongshuo H. , Wu Chaoyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWinter temperature‐related chilling and spring temperature‐related forcing are two major environmental cues shaping the leaf‐out date of temperate species. To what degree insufficient chilling caused by winter warming would slow phenological responses to spring warming remains unclear. Using 27,071 time series of leaf‐out dates for 16 tree species in Europe, we constructed a phenological model based on the linear or exponential function between the chilling accumulation (CA) and forcing requirements (FR) of leaf‐out. We further used the phenological model to quantify the relative contributions of chilling and forcing on past and future spring phenological change. The results showed that the delaying effect of decreased chilling on the leaf‐out date was prevalent in natural conditions, as more than 99% of time series exhibited a negative relationship between CA and FR. The reduction in chilling linked to winter warming from 1951 to 2014 could offset about one half of the spring phenological advance caused by the increase in forcing. In future warming scenarios, if the same model is used and a linear, stable correlation between CA and FR is assumed, declining chilling will continuously offset the advance of leaf‐out to a similar degree. Our study stresses the importance of assessing the antagonistic effects of winter and spring warming on leaf‐out phenology.
Controls of Geochemical and Hydrogeochemical Factors on Arsenic Mobility in the Hetao Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Guo Huaming , Han Shuangbao , Gao Zhipeng , Niu Xiaotong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh arsenic (As) groundwater is frequently found in inland basins, but little is known about As pools in sediments and their influences on aqueous As distributions. The Hetao Basin is a typical inland basin, where groundwater As concentrations generally increase from alluvial fans to flat plain. Two sites are only 1700 m apart, but groundwater As concentrations at the depth range of 15 to 80 m are quite different, ranging from 7.0 to 31.7 μg/L at site B1 and from 5.2 to 99.8 μg/L at site B2. Sediment geochemistry and groundwater hydrochemistry at two sites were characterized. No distinct differences were observed in the bulk geochemistry of sediments. Sequential extractions of 39 sediments were conducted to determine why As was easily released to groundwater at one site and not the other. Results showed that at site B1 most of solid As was associated with amorphous Fe‐(oxyhydr)oxides, whereas at site B2 the strong adsorption pool dominated. Furthermore, higher dissolved Fe2+ and lower ORP in groundwater at site B2 suggested more strongly reducing conditions compared to site B1. High concentrations of NH4+ and HCO3− at site B2 were consistent with As release coupled to microbially induced reductive dissolution of Fe‐(oxyhydr)oxides. Other processes, such as the competitive adsorption of HCO3−, As desorption under weakly alkaline pH conditions, may also influence the partitioning of As between groundwater and sediments. This study highlights the differences in how As is associated with sediments between high and low As aquifers and the contribution of chemical characteristics to As release.
Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) for Ecosystem Restoration: Kissimmee River ASR System, Florida
Authors: Mirecki June E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a major water storage and management component in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In south Florida, the high permeabilities of Eocene and Oligocene marine limestones, with a thick overlying confining unit are a well‐suited for ASR. The Kissimmee River ASR (KRASR) system, located at the confluence of the Kissimmee River and Lake Okeechobee, was a CERP “pilot system” to evaluate ASR feasibility at interior locations. Four recharge‐storage‐recovery cycles of increasing duration and volume were completed between 2009 and 2013. The largest and longest cycle resulted in 1 billion gallons recharged and recovered through a single well. The surface water pretreatment system at KRASR was unique compared to drinking water ASR systems. Surface water was pumped through a pressurized media filter then disinfected using flow‐through UV chambers prior to recharge. No chemicals were added during pretreatment. Many studies were completed during the testing program. A geotechnical evaluation confirmed that microfracturing of the limestone could occur at pressures slightly greater than typical operating pressures (30 to 50 psi), but microfractures were unlikely to propagate upward into the confining unit. The changing redox environment of the Upper Floridan Aquifer showed that arsenic was mobilized during recharge but was attenuated during storage and recovery such that arsenic concentrations in recovered water were below the 10 μg/L criterion after cycle test 1. Frequent sampling of recharge water showed that the UV disinfection system was ineffective resulting in total coliform exceedances. The KRASR pretreatment system is being redesigned to improve regulatory compliance.
Identification and profiling of Sogatella furciferamicroRNAs and their potential roles in regulating the developmental transitions of nymph–adult
Authors: Yang Xi‐Bin , Zhou Cao , Yang Jia‐Peng , Gong Ming‐Fu , Yang Hong , Long Gui‐Yun , Jin Dao‐Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSogatella furcifera is one of the most serious insect pests that affect rice in Asia. One class of small RNAs (sRNAs; ~22 nt long) is miRNAs, which participate in various biological processes by regulating the expression of target genes in a spatiotemporal manner. However, the role of miRNAs in nymph‐to‐adult transition in S. furcifera remains unknown. In this study, we sequenced sRNA libraries of S. furcifera prepared from individuals at three different developmental stages (pre‐moult, moulting and early adult). A total of 253 miRNAs (134 known and 119 novel) were identified, of which 12 were differentially expressed during the nymph‐to‐adult developmental transition. Moreover, Real time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis revealed that all 12 miRNAs were differentially expressed among five different nymph tissues and 14 different developmental stages (first to fifth instar nymphs and 1‐day‐old adults). Injection of miR‐2a‐2 mimic/antagomir and miR‐305‐5p‐1 mimic/antagomir into 1‐day‐old fifth instar nymphs significantly increased the mortality rate. In addition, a defective moulting phenotype was observed in nymphs injected with miR‐2a‐2 and miR‐305‐5p‐1, suggesting that these miRNAs are involved in S. furcifera nymph–adult transition. In conclusion, these results reveal the function of critical miRNAs in S. furcifera nymph–adult transition, and also provide novel potential targets of insecticides for the long‐term sustainable management of S. furcifera.
Several Variations of Simple‐Structure MIRT Equating
Authors: Kim Stella Y. , Lee Won‐Chan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current study proposed several variants of simple‐structure multidimensional item response theory equating procedures. Four distinct sets of data were used to demonstrate feasibility of proposed equating methods for two different equating designs: a random groups design and a common‐item nonequivalent groups design. Findings indicated some notable differences between the multidimensional and unidimensional approaches when data exhibited evidence for multidimensionality. In addition, some of the proposed methods were successful in providing equating results for both section‐level and composite‐level scores, which has not been achieved by most of the existing methodologies. The traditional method of using a set of quadrature points and weights for equating turned out to be computationally intensive, particularly for the data with higher dimensions. The study suggested an alternative way of using the Monte‐Carlo approach for such data. This study also proposed a simple‐structure true‐score equating procedure that does not rely on a multivariate observed‐score distribution.
Energy utilization during ovarian development of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) inhabiting a perennial lentic water body in Bangalore, India
Authors: Mundodu Shubha , Venakatarama Bhatta Krishnamurthy S. , Sarjapur Reddy R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) is an invasive fish and a continuous breeder in inland waters of India. Present investigation highlights the distinct developmental stages of developing ovary and associated changes in the energy content. This investigation helps to understand the allocation of energy for development of eggs, prespawn and also oral brooding by the female. Although it is a continuous breeder, based on size of the ovary, number of eggs, their size and energy content, immature, early maturing, developing, prespawning and spawning stages are clearly noticed. Egg diameter during development of ovary varied between 0.31 mm (immature) and 2.21 mm (spawning). Energy content of ovary from immature to spawning stage ranged from 20.7515 kJ g−1 dry ovary to 31.1560 kJ g−1 dry ovary. Nearly 28.73% of energy content of ovary is expended for spawning. Similarly, yolk‐sac fry utilized nearly 25.85% of energy of the fertilized egg for its development. Energy content of ovary of mouth‐brooding female averaged 22.9528 kJ g−1 dry ovary, which is comparable to energy content of early maturing stage of ovary (24.5558 kJ g−1 dry ovary). A strong correlation between body weight and energy content of the developing ovary (P < 0.01), and between ovary weight and energy content of ovary (P < 0.01), was evident. During mouth‐brooding, the fish continues to allocate energy to its developing ovary. Energy investment by the fish is the result of simultaneous processes associated with gonadal and somatic energy. As body size growth and gonadal development are interconnected, information on energy utilization by an iteroparous mouth‐brooding fish could provide the pattern of energy allocation during ovarian developmental phase. Further details of energy utilization, as explained in this paper, could be used as one of the factors to predict the efficiency of fish production.