bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal research, ethical boundary‐work, and the geographies of veterinary expertise
Authors: Anderson Alistair , Hobson‐West Pru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe veterinary profession has been relatively understudied in social science, though recent work has highlighted the geographic dimensions of veterinary expertise. This paper draws on in‐depth qualitative interviews with Named Veterinary Surgeons (NVSs) working in UK animal research to demonstrate how and why they distinguish between ethical aspects of veterinary work in the spaces of the laboratory and general clinical practice. The paper mobilises the sociological concept of ethical boundary‐work to help understand how animal research – often assumed to represent a contentious ethical space – is constructed positively as a space for veterinary work. Findings suggest first, that NVSs differentiate between laboratory veterinary‐work and clinical work based on the scale at which veterinary expertise functions in the provision of healthcare to animals. Second, NVSs highlight a geography of veterinary authority in which veterinary expertise is felt to be more successfully applied in the laboratory compared with the clinic, where professional expertise competes with other sources of information and clients' finances and behaviours. Third, NVSs articulate a geography of consistency in which veterinary care in the laboratory is claimed to be more consistent between animals, as opposed to in the clinic, where animal experience may be influenced by individual owner characteristics. Overall, we show how through engaging in this kind of ethical boundary‐work NVSs are not only presenting a form of scientific practice as ‘ethical’, they are also constructing a professional topology of veterinary practice and expertise. Finally, the paper argues for greater attentiveness to veterinary geographies beyond the more routine spaces of veterinary practice.
On Kitaoka's conjecture and lifting problem for universal quadratic forms
Authors: Kala Vítězslav , Yatsyna Pavlo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor a totally positive definite quadratic form over the ring of integers of a totally real number field , we show that there are only finitely many totally real field extensions of of a fixed degree over which the form is universal (namely, those that have a short basis in a suitable sense). Along the way we give a general construction of a universal form of rank bounded by , where is the degree of over and is its discriminant. Furthermore, for any fixed degree we prove (weak) Kitaoka's conjecture that there are only finitely many totally real number fields with a universal ternary quadratic form.
Decoupling Uniaxial Tensile Prestress and Waveguide Effects From Estimates of the Complex Shear Modulus in a Cylindrical Structure Using Transverse-Polarized Dynamic Elastography
Authors: Salehabadi Melika , Crutison Joseph , Klatt Dieter , Royston Thomas J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDynamic elastography, whether based on magnetic resonance, ultrasound, or optical modalities, attempts to reconstruct quantitative maps of the viscoelastic properties of biological tissue, properties altered by disease and injury, by noninvasively measuring mechanical wave motion in the tissue. Most reconstruction strategies that have been developed neglect boundary conditions, including quasi-static tensile or compressive loading resulting in a nonzero prestress. Significant prestress is inherent to the functional role of some biological tissues currently being studied using elastography, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, arterial walls, and the cornea. In the present article a configuration, inspired by muscle elastography but generalizable to other applications, is analytically and experimentally studied. A hyperelastic polymer phantom cylinder is statically elongated in the axial direction while its response to transverse-polarized vibratory excitation is measured. We examine the interplay between uniaxial prestress and waveguide effects in this muscle-like tissue phantom using computational finite element simulations and magnetic resonance elastography measurements. Finite deformations caused by prestress coupled with waveguide effects lead to results that are predicted by a coordinate transformation approach that has been previously used to simplify reconstruction of anisotropic properties using elastography. Here, the approach estimates material viscoelastic properties that are independent of the nonhomogeneous prestress conditions without requiring advanced knowledge of those stress conditions.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Gaseous Cavitation in Lubricating Vane Pumps: On Metering Grooves for Pressure Ripple Optimization
Authors: Stuppioni Umberto , Blum Alessandro , Suman Alessio , Pinelli Michele 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the topic of balanced vane pump simulations for pressure ripple optimization by means of metering grooves at the leading edge of delivery ports. It presents a computational fluid dynamics case study based on a transient three-dimensional model developed using an up-to-date commercial software tool. Special attention is dedicated to gaseous cavitation and the impact of the related modeling choices on predictions. The effect of groove dimensions and interaction with the precompression features of the cam ring of the pump are addressed. Experimental data obtained using a dedicated test rig are presented for comparison with numerical results in terms of delivery pressure ripple and volumetric flowrate. A validation strategy based on tuning of the dynamic cavitation model adopted for simulations is proposed. The results demonstrate the critical importance of gas release modeling for the simulation of porting details in the case of significant aeration effects.
Large Eddy Simulation of Gasoline Sprays in a Lagrangian–Eulerian Framework Using the High-Order Spectral Element Method
Authors: Colmenares F. Juan D. , Ameen Muhsin M. , Patel Saumil S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Predicting the spray evolution using simulations requires accurate modeling of the turbulent gas-phase flow field. In this study, the high-order spectral-element method (SEM), implemented in the code Nek5000, was used to provide highly resolved solutions to the turbulent flow field. Spray modeling capabilities were implemented into the Nek5000 code. The spray is modeled in a Lagrangian–Eulerian (LE) framework, where the liquid is represented by discrete parcels of droplets. The method for coupling liquid and gas in the context of SEM is described, which allows for very fine meshes to be used without affecting the stability of the solution. Large-eddy simulations (LES) of the eight-hole ECN Spray G gasoline injector were conducted. Numerical results are compared against experimental data for liquid penetration, droplet size and gas velocity. The morphology of the multiplume spray is compared against experimental data. The effect of different spray injection inputs is analyzed. It was found that using a plume direction of 33 deg and an injection cone angle of 30 deg produced the best results overall. This work shows the applicability of SEM for spray modeling applications, where use of a high-order flow solver can help us understand the multiplume spray aerodynamics and how it leads to plume collapse under certain conditions. Results also highlight the need for tuning spray input parameters in the LE framework, even when high-fidelity gas flow solutions are possible.
Machine Learning and Simulation Based Temperature Prediction on High-Performance Processors
Authors: Knox Carlton , Yuan Zihao , Coskun Ayse K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emerging thermal management policies for high-power processors often rely on the temperature readings from on-chip digital thermal sensors. However, thermal sensors may not accurately measure the maximum temperature on chip. This is because thermal hot spots are typically located near important CPU components, limiting the power and physical space available for thermal sensors. As a result, sensors usually need to be placed some distance away from the hot spots. Additionally, on-chip thermal sensors also operate within an error margin, which could under/over-estimate the temperature readings. Prior methods introduced machine learning algorithms for predicting chip temperatures trained with Infrared (IR) camera measurements of the physical chip to construct accurate on-chip thermal profiles. While such methods produce an accurate model, the thermal imaging setup is expensive, and it can be time-consuming to collect and process the temperature data for a physical chip. This paper proposes a simulation-based method of using a machine learning regression model to predict a chip’s full temperature map based solely on the current power usage, core utilization, and measured sensor temperatures. The proposed model is trained and evaluated based on data generated from performance, power, and thermal simulations for the Intel i7 6950× Extreme Edition processor. When running a set of realistic benchmarks, this model is able to accurately predict temperatures within a root mean squared error (RMSE) of less than 0.25°C. The proposed model’s accuracy is not affected by the placement of the thermal sensors, and the maximum error resulting from the placement of thermal sensors is less than 0.12° C. For a real-world application, the proposed model can be trained based on realistic simulation or measured temperature data, then be applied to predict a chip’s temperature map in real-time. Using actual temperature data measured from an IR camera is more accurate, but the IR camera setup itself is expensive. Using simulation data to train the machine learning model is low-cost and more practical than temperature prediction based on an expensive IR camera.
Multiphysics Co-Optimization Design and Analysis of a Double-Side-Cooled Silicon Carbide-Based Power Module
Authors: Feng Xuhui , Moreno Gilberto , Narumanchi Sreekant , Paret Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the rapid growth of electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, rigorous design targets in terms of cost, efficiency, and power density have been set for automotive power electronics. Novel power module and inverter technologies based on wide-bandgap semiconductors have been developed to meet these design targets. Compared with conventional cooling techniques, which are normally applied only on one side of the power module, a double-sided cooling approach enables higher power density and lower thermal resistance.
In this work, we develop a three-phase power module that is double-side cooled using dielectric fluid jet impingement. In each phase, four silicon carbide power semiconductors are bonded to copper busbars without electrical insulation layers. A finite element analysis (FEA) model is created for thermal and thermomechanical analysis. Based on the modeling results, we develop a design space to correlate input and output parameters to generate response surfaces. We then use a multi-objective genetic algorithm-based optimization method to minimize the maximum junction temperature and thermal stresses within the power module. The multiphysics co-optimization approach enables an efficient design process of power modules with greatly reduced computational cost, as compared to conventional processes that rely on exhaustive numerical simulations and iterations.
Predictive Cohesive Zone Modeling for Delamination at PCB-Potting Material Interfaces Under Four-Point Bend Loading With Sustained High-Temperature Exposure
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Pandurangan Aathi Raja Ram , Blecker Ken 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Potting is one of the most effective techniques for safeguarding electronics assembly in challenging harsh conditions, including shock and vibration. Interconnect failures are often preceded by delamination at the PCB and epoxy interface. PCB-Epoxy interfaces have not been extensively researched for interfacial fracture resistance under high thermo-mechanical loading. In this study, bi-material PCB-epoxy samples are made and exposed to long-term high-temperature aging followed by monotonic four-point bend loading. The evolution of the interfacial integrity under sustained high-temperature exposure has been quantified. The study looks at five distinct types of potting materials with varying properties. The specimens are exposed to a high temperature of 100°C and 150°C for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 180 days, 240 days, and 360 days. Steady-state strain energy release rate, mode-I (KI), and mode-II (KII) stress intensity factors are determined for the PCB-Epoxy interface. Cohesive zone parameters for each of the PCB-Epoxy interfaces have been determined and implemented into a predictive cohesive zone model (CZM). The PCB-Epoxy bi-material specimen has been modeled in ABAQUS with a cohesive zone at the interface and subjected to mode-I four-point bend loading. Damage is considered to occur at the interface where the cohesive zone has been modeled. For both pristine and aged tests, the damage accumulation is predicted using the interfacial fracture parameters from the experiment.
High Strain Rate Properties and Evolution of Plastic-Work for Doped Solder SAC-Q for Isothermal Aging Up to 240-Days at 100°C
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Mehta Vishal , Suhling Jeff , Blecker Ken 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In automotive, aerospace, and defense applications – electronic parts can often be exposed to high strain loads during shocks, vibrations and drop-impact conditions. Electronic parts can often face extreme low and high temperatures ranging from −65°C to 200°C. Additionally, these electronic devices can be subjected to strain rates of 1 to 100 per second in a critical environment. Numerous doped solder alloys have emerged to mitigate the effects of sustained high-temperature operation. The mechanical properties of SAC-Q solder alloy, isothermally aged for prolonged durations and tested at extremely low to high operating temperatures, are not available. In this work, SAC-Q doped solder material is tested and studied for this study at a range of operating temperatures of −65°C to 200°C and at a strain rate up to 75 per second for up to 240 days (i.e. 8 months) of isothermal aging with a storage temperature of 100°C. For the extensive range of strain rates and surrounding test temperatures, stress-strain curves are established for the solder. The measured experimental results and data were fitted to the Anand viscoplasticity model. The Anand constants were calculated by estimating the stress-strain behavior measured for operating temperatures −65°C to 200°C for SAC-Q solder. FE analysis for drop/shock events for BGA package assembly with PCB has been carried out. Hysteresis stress-strain curves and plastic work density curves are generated for various aging conditions for SAC-Q solder ball joints.
Feasibility Demonstration of Server Chip Package With Direct-to-Chip Optical Transceivers
Authors: Li Shidong , Parikh Bakul , Savoy Chelsea , Kuchta Daniel , Jutras Guillaume , Bagheri Harry , Toy Hilton , Ross Joe , Akasofu Ken-Ichi , Kapfhammer Mark , Schultz Mark , Ostrander Steven , Wassick Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fiber optic interconnect provides unique advantage over to copper signaling including: 1) Optical links are more capable of transmitting high speed signals over a longer distance than copper cable. The latter usually requires high power for distant transmission. 2) Low power optic interface enables to lower the overall system power. 3) Higher input/output density can be achieved through optical fibers than copper wires.
Optical transceivers are typically designed for integration at printed circuit boards (PCB) level. However, driving signal from packaged processor chip, through processor interconnect and across PCB causes significant signal integrity challenges. Co-packaging solution with the optical transceiver integrated on processor module and with direct-to-substrate cabling enables high-speed signals by avoiding the PCB altogether. The challenge lies in adapting the optical transceiver for compatibility with the processor module structure, as well as the environmental exposures of both the processor module bond and assembly process and system application condition.
This paper focuses on the assembly, characterization, and reliability stress results of an array of optical transceivers co-packaged within single chip processor module. The co-package studied is a 76.5mm × 68.5mm flip chip packaging with 4 or 5 optical transceivers assembled on the chip carrier substrate. A chip package interaction (CPI) test chip was mounted on laminate along with the connectors using traditional bond and assembly (BA) processes and fixtures. This was followed by lidding with a Thermal Interface Material (TIM) between the test chip and copper heat spreader, and a separate TIM between optical transceivers and heat spreader, and an elastomer structural bond between the laminate and the heat spreader.
The co-packaged module was then tested, land grid array (LGA) socketed to a thermal card for power and signal connection. Examination of the thermal performance and structural integrity after 1000 cycles of deep thermal cycling (DTC), Shock and Vibration (S&V), Temperature and Humidity testing, and High Temperature Storage (HTS) will be discussed. Characterization and construction analysis of the package, and model and data comparison with traditional packages will be presented.
Phosphate Loading Does not Improve 30-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance in Trained Cyclists
Authors: Pope Harry , Davis Max , Delgado-Charro M. Begona , Peacock Oliver J. , Gonzalez Javier , Betts James A. 
Published: December 2022

Phosphate is integral to numerous metabolic processes, several of which strongly predict exercise performance (i.e., cardiac function, oxygen transport, and oxidative metabolism). Evidence regarding phosphate loading is limited and equivocal, at least partly because studies have examined sodium phosphate supplements of varied molar mass (e.g., mono/di/tribasic, dodecahydrate), thus delivering highly variable absolute quantities of phosphate. Within a randomized cross-over design and in a single-blind manner, 16 well-trained cyclists (age 38 ± 16 years, mass 74.3 ± 10.8 kg, training 340 ± 171 min/week; mean ± SD) ingested either 3.5 g/day of dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4: 24.7 mmol/day phosphate; 49.4 mmol/day sodium) or a sodium chloride placebo (NaCl: 49.4 mmol/day sodium and chloride) for 4 days prior to each of two 30-km time trials, separated by a washout interval of 14 days. There was no evidence of any ergogenic benefit associated with phosphate loading. Time to complete the 30-km time trial did not differ following ingestion of sodium phosphate and sodium chloride (3,059 ± 531 s vs. 2,995 ± 467 s). Accordingly, neither absolute mean power output (221 ± 48 W vs. 226 ± 48 W) nor relative mean power output (3.02 ± 0.78 W/kg vs. 3.08 ± 0.71 W/kg) differed meaningfully between the respective intervention and placebo conditions. Measures of cardiovascular strain and ratings of perceived exertion were very closely matched between treatments (i.e., average heart rate 161 ± 11 beats per minute vs. 159 ± 12 beats per minute; Δ2 beats per minute; and ratings of perceived exertion 18 [14–20] units vs. 17 [14–20] units). In conclusion, supplementing with relatively high absolute doses of phosphate (i.e., >10 mmol daily for 4 days) exerted no ergogenic effects on trained cyclists completing 30-km time trials.
A Cloth Facemask Causes No Major Respiratory or Cardiovascular Perturbations During Moderate to Heavy Exercise
Authors: Guardieiro Natália Mendes , Barreto Gabriel , Marticorena Felipe Miguel , Nunes Oliveira Tamires , de Oliveira Luana Farias , Pinto Ana Lucia de Sá , Prado Danilo Marcelo Leite do , Saunders Bryan , Gualano Bruno 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Investigate whether a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in untrained individuals. Methods: Healthy participants (n = 35; 17 men, age 30 [4] y, and 18 women, age 28 [5] y) underwent a progressive square wave test at 4 intensities: (1) 80% of ventilatory anaerobic threshold; (2) ventilatory anaerobic threshold; (3) respiratory compensation point; and (4) exercise peak (Peak) to exhaustion, 5-minute stages, with or without a triple-layered cloth facemask (Mask or No-Mask). Several physiological and perceptual measures were analyzed. Results: Mask reduced inspiratory capacity at all exercise intensities (P < .0001). Mask reduced respiratory frequency (P = .001) at Peak (−8.3 breaths·min−1; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.8 to −10.8), respiratory compensation point (−6.9 breaths·min−1; 95% CI, −4.6 to −9.2), and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (−6.5 breaths·min−1; 95% CI, −4.1 to −8.8), but not at Baseline or 80% of ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Mask reduced tidal volume (P < .0001) only at respiratory compensation point (−0.5 L; 95% CI, −0.3 to −0.6) and Peak (−0.8 L; 95% CI, −0.6 to −0.9). Shallow breathing index was increased with Mask only at Peak (11.3; 95% CI, 7.5 to 15.1). Mask did not change HR, lactate, ratings of perceived exertion, blood pressure, or oxygen saturation. Conclusions: A cloth facemask reduced time to exhaustion but had no major impact on cardiorespiratory parameters and had a slight but clinically meaningless impact on respiratory variables at higher intensities. Moderate to heavy activity is safe and tolerable for healthy individuals while wearing a cloth facemask. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04887714.
Prospective Association Patterns for the Physical Activity Intensity Spectrum With Body Mass Index and Lower Body Muscle Strength in Norwegian Children Aged 3–9 Years
Authors: Aadland Eivind , Ylvisåker Einar , Johannessen Kjersti , Nilsen Ada Kristine Ofrim 
Published: December 2022

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding prospective associations for physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) with body mass index (BMI) and muscle strength in young children. We aimed to determine prospective associations for PA and SED with change in BMI and standing long jump over 2 and 4 years in children aged 3–5 years at baseline. Methods: A sample of 262 Norwegian children (50% girls) was followed from 2015 to 2017 and/or 2019. PA and SED (hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+) were measured at baseline and BMI and standing long jump at baseline and at follow-ups. Multivariate pattern analysis was used to determine prospective associations between the triaxial PA intensity spectrum (0–99 to ≥15,000 counts per minute) and the change in outcomes. Results: We found significant prospective associations between the PA intensity spectrum and standing long jump at 2- (explained variance = 5.8%–7.7%) and 4-year (explained variance = 4.8%–5.6%) follow-ups. Associations were negative for SED and positive for all PA intensities. We found no associations between PA/SED and BMI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PA and SED can predict future lower body muscle strength but not BMI in early childhood.