bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report on Cellulitis with Diabetes
Authors: Ganeshpure Nidhi , Wankhede Darshana Kumari , Lokhande Shalini 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cellulitis is a bacterial skin condition that is very frequent. In reality, cellulitis affects about 14 million people in the United States each year. If left untreated, the infection can spread to any part of the body and cause serious problems. Obesity and an inactive lifestyle are two of the most common causes of type 2 diabetes.
Clinical Findings: Pain or tenderness in the leg, Skin redness or inflammation that gets bigger as the infection spreads, Skin sore or rash that starts suddenly, and grows quickly , Warm skin.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Hb%- 10.7, MCHC- 33.4, MCV- 88.8, MCH- 29.8, Total RBC count- 3.6, Total WBC count- 7200, Total platelets count - 1.63, HCT- 37, Monocytes- 01, Granulocytes- 75, Lymphocytes - 20, RDW - 17.2, Eosinophils - 01.
Therapeutic Interventions: Inj. Ceftriaxone 1mg x BD (IV), Inj. Pan 40 mg x OD (IV), Tab. Limcee 500 mg x OD, Tab. Pan 40 mg x OD, Protein powder 2 tsp x TDS, Inj. Insulin.
Outcomes: A Male Patient of 88 year old was admitted in AVBRH with a chief Complaint of Cellulitis after getting treatment his condition is improving.
Conclusion: Diabetic foot infections that aren't treated well or aren't treated at all result in lower-extremity amputation in about 10% of patients. Amputations of the lower extremities can be debilitating and have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life.
Case Report on Intertrochanteric Fracture Femur Left Side
Authors: Inwati Saloni , Kumari Darshana 
Published: January 2022

Fractures of the femur are a common injury among the elderly. Understanding the pathogenesis as well as the appropriate treatment options can help to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity associated with this condition injury. This activity focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures, emphasizing the importance of the In evaluating and treating people with this condition, an interprofessional team is used [1].
Clinical Findings: Pain in leg, swelling over the leg.
Diagnosis Evaluation: Hb-11.3gm%, total WBC count- 1011/ cu.mm, total RBC count- 5.44 million/cu. mm, RDW- 14%,HCT-35.4%, Granulocytes-60%, Monocytes- 0.2%, Lymphocytes-36%, Basophils- 00%, Eosinophils- 0.2%, total platelet count - 3.16 lacs/cu.mm.
Therapeutic Intervention: Inj.voveron- two time in a day. Tab. paracetomol- two time in a day. Tab. pantaprazole- two times in a day. Inj. tramdole- two times in a day.
Outcome- After treatment, the patient show improvement. His pain is reduced.
Conclusion: My patient age is 40 year old male. They are suffering from intertrochanteric fracture femur left side with same complaint. He is admitted in 8 -11-21.
A Study on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Organic and Inorganic Cauliflower Greens Powder (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L)
Authors: Kaviyarasi R. , Subapriya M. Sylvia 
Published: January 2022

Cauliflower greens is one such popularly consumed vegetable, possessing potent bioactive components where the leaves of the vegetables are often neglected or discarded and used as fodder. Hence an attempt was made to analyze the presence of different antioxidants such as DPPH, FRAP, SOD and Total antioxidant contents there by exploring the potential benefits of these leaves which is solely ignored by majority of population. The present study reveals that the presence of promising compounds can be consumed in regular diet in maintaining good health and can be technically applied in preparing natural therapeutic medicines to combat various degenerative diseases and can also be used in food processing industries due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties Cauliflower has a very high waste index, and this result throws light on the importance and the properties of cauliflower leafs, thereby reducing food wastage.
Examination of Chinese Teachers' Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education
Authors: (AJ) Ai Jun , Zhang Jihong , Horn Eva , Liu Hao , Huang Jingjing , Ma Yanjuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the status and influential factors of preschool teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education, given the evidence that attitudes predict successful inclusion for young children with or at risk for developmental delays or disabilities. We translated the Multidimensional Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES, Mahat, 2008) to Simplified Chinese (MATIES-C). We then administered the MATIE-C to a representative sample of in-service preschool teachers (N = 481) in Beijing, China. The confirmative factor analysis and reliability tests suggested an acceptable construct validity and internal reliability of the MATIES-C. We also found preschool teachers in Beijing held positive attitudes towards inclusion across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of attitudes. The ANOVA results indicate teachers' experience and knowledge about children with disabilities had statistically positive associations with favorable attitudes. Preschool area, teacher age, and educational background were also found to have a statistically significant impact on teacher attitudes.
Youth and Parent Participation in Transition Planning in the U.S.A.: Findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012)
Authors: Johnson David R. , Thurlow Martha L. , Wu Yi-Chen , Qian Xueqin , Davenport Ernest , Matthais Cynthia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use data from the United States' National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) to present descriptive information on youth and parent participation and youth's role in required Individualized Education Program (IEP)/transition planning meetings by disability category and age groupings (14-22 year olds, 14-15 year olds, and 16-22 year olds). The study found that youth and parent attendance in IEP/transition planning meetings was high across disability categories, but the extent to which youth and parents met with teachers to discuss transition goals was much lower. Data from NLTS 2012 and a previous U.S. study, the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2), were compared for youth's participation with school staff in discussing transition goals. A significant decline in participation was found over the past decade. Logistic regression analyses illustrated differences in youth and parent participation and youth's role by disability category.
Mitochondria‐Targeting Phototheranostics by Aggregation‐Induced NIR‐II Emission Luminogens: Modulating Intramolecular Motion by Electron Acceptor Engineering for Multi‐Modal Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Tianfu , Zhang Jianyu , Wang Fu‐Bing , Cao Hui , Zhu Daoming , Chen Xiaoyu , Xu Changhuo , Yang Xueqin , Huang Wenbin , Wang Zhaoyu , Wang Jiefei , He Zikai , Zheng Zheng , Lam Jacky Wing Yip , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhototheranostic agents have thrived as promising tools for cancer theranostics because of the integration of sensitive in situ fluorescence imaging and effective multi‐model synergistic therapy. However, how to manipulate the intangible photon energy transfer to balance the competitive radiative and nonradiative processes is still challenging. Although numerous phototheranostic molecules are reported, their complicated molecular design and tedious synthesis often stumble further their development. Herein, three simple molecules with electron donating−accepting structures are developed. The electron acceptor engineering on molecules by introducing acridinium unit gives rise to TPEDCAc with aggregation‐induced second near‐infrared emission (AIE NIR‐II), high reactive oxygen species generation capability, and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (44.8%) due to the drastic intramolecular motion of large acridinium rotor and balanced AIE effect. Experimental analysis and calculation on the controlled molecules suggested that large torsional angle and the strong electron‐withdrawing ability of the acridinium unit are keys for NIR‐II emission and balanced photodynamic/photothermal conversion. Impressively, the positively charged TPEDCAc shows mitochondria‐targeting capability and high performance in in vivo multi‐modal cancer theranostics under NIR laser irradiation. Hence, this work not only provides a single NIR‐II AIE‐based multi‐modal cancer theranostic system but inspires new insights into future development of new theranostic platforms.
Mitigating Jahn–Teller Effects by Fast Electrode Kinetics Inducing Charge Redistribution
Authors: Choi Ahreum , Kim Taewon , Kim Min‐Ho , Lee Seok Woo , Jung Young Hwa , Lee Hyun‐Wook 
Published: January 2022

AbstractManganese hexacyanomanganates have attracted significant attention as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries owing to the high theoretical capacity and low cost of Mn resources. Because of the strong Jahn–Teller effect, causing unstable local phase transition and distortion, the redox reactions of the high‐spin state of Mn(III) are considered to be a conundrum. Herein, it is reported that the charge‐redistribution mechanism of low‐spin MnIII + high‐spin MnIII → low‐spin MnII + high‐spin MnIV in manganese hexacyanomanganates can decrease unstable high‐spin MnIII, leading to the mitigation of Jahn–Teller distortion. X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that the fast reaction rate activates charge redistribution. Moreover, different crystal structures, reported using post‐mortem synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis, confirm a large orthorhombic structure, thus verifying the presence of charge redistribution based on the superexchange rule. These results demonstrate that manganese hexacyanomanganate in an aqueous electrolyte can achieve long‐term cyclability, thus paving the way for high‐performance batteries.
Tailoring Electron‐Riched Boron Sites in BCN for Nitrogen Fixation via Alternate Mechanism
Authors: Yang Yutong , Wang Yin , Wang Xia , Chen Shaoqing , Duan Limei , Zhang Wei , Li Wanfei , Liu Jinghai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is promising for achieving sustainable ammonia (NH3) production under mild conditions. However, it is still challenged by nitrogen activation and strong competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, it is revealed that fine‐tuning the local electron density of boron (B) sites at the boron carbon nitride (BCN) solid catalysts has significant effects on the eNRR activity and selectivity. The concentration of electron‐rich B sites at BCN catalysts are mediated by solid‐state reaction, where their electronic structures are confirmed by electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Over the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the nitrogen (N2) activation and reduction at an electron‐riched B site is through an alternate pathway with the determining‐step energy of only 0.92 eV. The optimized BCN5 catalyst with the highest ratio of electron‐riched B sites achieves an outstanding NH3 production rate of 29.3 µg h−1 mg−1cat and the highest Faradaic efficiency of 39%.
Maternal hair cortisol concentrations across pregnancy and the early postpartum period in a Puerto Rican sample
Authors: Horan Holly , Cheyney Melissa , Torres Eduardo Gomez , Eick Geeta , Bovbjerg Marit , Snodgrass James Josh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveHair cortisol is a noninvasive, long‐term biomarker of human stress. Strengths and weaknesses of this biomarker as a proxy measure of perinatal stress are not yet well understood. Hair cortisol data were collected from pregnant women in Puerto Rico to investigate maternal cortisol level variance across pregnancy.MethodsIn 2017, we recruited 86 pregnant women planning to birth at a large urban hospital. We aimed to collect four hair samples from each participant, one in each trimester and one in the postpartum period.ResultsMedian cortisol in the first trimester (n = 82) was 5.7 picograms/milligram (pg/mg) (range: 1.0–62.4). In the second, third, and postpartum periods, the medians were 6.8 pg/mg (1.0–69.5), (n = 46), 20.1 pg/mg (5.6–89.0), (n = 30), and 14.1 pg/mg (1.7–39.8), (n = 9), respectively. These medians disguise a 10‐fold and 50‐fold variability for two participants. Our sample sizes declined sharply when Hurricane Maria caused major disruptions in services and participants' lives.ConclusionMaternal hair cortisol concentrations were lower in the first and second trimester than the third trimester and early postpartum period. We also observed a wide range of variation in cortisol levels throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
In Situ Growth of Three‐Dimensional MXene/Metal–Organic Framework Composites for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Chunli , Bai Yang , Li Wenting , Yang Feiyu , Zhang Guangxun , Pang Huan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose a versatile method for synthesizing uniform three‐dimensional (3D) metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes)/metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composites (Ti3C2TX/Cu‐BTC, Ti3C2TX/Fe,Co‐PBA, Ti3C2TX/ZIF‐8, and Ti3C2TX/ZIF‐67) that combine the advantages of MOFs and MXenes to enhance stability and improve conductivity. Subsequently, 3D hollow Ti3C2TX/ZIF‐67/CoV2O6 composites with excellent electron‐ and ion‐transport properties derived from Ti3C2TX/ZIF‐67 were synthesized. The specific capacitance of the Ti3C2TX/ZIF‐67/CoV2O6 electrode was 285.5 F g−1, which is much higher than that of the ZIF‐67 and Ti3C2TX/ZIF‐67 electrode. This study opens a new avenue for the design and synthesis of MXene/MOF composites and complex hollow structures with tailorable structures and compositions for various applications.
Copper‐catalyzed direct synthesis of arylated 8‐aminoquinolines through chelation assistance
Authors: Wu Xiaqian , Ma Peng , Wang Jianhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed N,N‐diarylation and N‐arylation of unprotected 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives with aryl halides have been described for the formation of C–N bonds. This protocol provides an efficient approach to synthesize a series of arylamines with tolerance to a wide range of functional groups for formation of key intermediates in many natural products.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of peripherally tetra‐({6‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]hexyl}oxy) substituted water‐soluble phthalocyanines as cholinesterases inhibitors
Authors: Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Baş Hüseyin , Akkaya Didem , Barut Burak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we synthesized peripherally tetra‐({6‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]hexyl}oxy) substituted water‐soluble metallophthalocyanines (DM‐C6‐CoQ, DM‐C6‐CuQ, DM‐C6‐MnQ) and investigated their in vitro cholinesterases inhibitory properties by using the spectrophotometric method. The results revealed that the compounds inhibited cholinesterases and had remarkable inhibitory effects when compared with galantamine (p < 0.0001). The IC50 values of the compounds ranged from 2.11 ± 0.20 to 16.40 ± 1.25 μM for AChE and BuChE. Also, the inhibitory type and inhibition constant (Ki) of the compounds were evaluated using Lineweaver–Burk and Dixon plots. These plots showed that DM‐C6‐CoQ, DM‐C6‐CuQ, and DM‐C6‐MnQ were mixed inhibitors against AChE and DM‐C6‐MnQ is the strongest binding inhibitor to the enzyme. Also, DM‐C6‐CoQ inhibited BuChE via competitive manner with 10.05 ± 0.55 μM of Ki value. These results demonstrated that the compounds might be effective agents against Alzheimer's disease.
Novel virus, novel response: Local discretion and responses to COVID‐19 in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Gao Hong , Tyson Adam , Cheng Guangxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Chinese Communist Party is consolidating one party rule under the leadership of Xi Jinping. Beijing seeks to rule by central mandate while limiting local autonomy. The central government response to the COVID‐19 public health emergency reinforces this view. In January 2020 Beijing established the Central Epidemic Response Leading Group to mobilise a comprehensive nationwide policy effort to contain the virus. The exceptional nature of the COVID‐19 national emergency allows the central government to project power over local authorities and leverage over citizens, but we argue that this is a short‐term phenomenon because local disease control initiatives remain important, with local authorities adapting national policies to meet constituent needs. There are degrees of policy discretion and divergence at the subnational level that enable context‐specific responses to the virus within China’s strict bureaucratic hierarchy. Primary data derives from interviews and observations in Nancun village, Hebei Province, conducted from January to April 2020. Evidence from Nancun explains how local authorities interpret the edicts and mandates of the central government.
Guaranteed‐performance consensus for nonlinear singular multiagent systems with directed topologies
Authors: Wang PengNan , Li Lin , Niu HongPing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe guaranteed‐performance consensus problems for nonlinear singular multiagent systems with directed topologies in both leader‐following case and leaderless case are investigated, where the directed interaction topologies contain a directed spanning tree. For situations with and without the leader, two different quadratic performance functions are proposed based on state errors. The state errors in the leader‐following case are the state differences between the followers and the leader while in the leaderless case are the state differences between agents with adjacent numbers. First, by exploiting state transformation, the consensus problems are transformed into the stability problems of the corresponding error systems. Second, on the basis of singular systems theory, Laplacian matrix properties, and linear matrix inequality techniques, sufficient conditions for guaranteed‐performance consensus are derived for both leader‐following and leaderless cases. Third, the explicit expressions of the guaranteed‐performance cost are obtained. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Receding horizon control and coordination of multi‐agent systems using polynomial expansion
Authors: Rapaić Milan R. , Kapetina Mirna N. , Stipanović Dušan M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present paper proposes a flexible and efficient methodology for constructing norm‐bounded optimal receding horizon control laws for a group of agents, each one of which is described as a repeated integrator of an arbitrary order and with a common input delay. The goal of each agent is to track the given target, while simultaneously avoiding other agents in the group. Polynomial expansion, together with appropriate subspace projection, is utilized in order to derive receding control law in the closed form. Properties of this control law have been investigated, and its link to a well‐known control strategy based on avoidance functions, which ensures collision avoidance in the case of first‐order integrator agents, has been derived.
The complex web of canonical and non‐canonical Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Akhshi Tara , Shannon Rachel , Trimble William S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) signaling is a widely studied signaling pathway because of its critical roles during development and in cell homeostasis. Vertebrate canonical and non‐canonical Hh signaling are typically assumed to be distinct and occur in different cellular compartments. While research has primarily focused on the canonical form of Hh signaling and its dependency on primary cilia – microtubule‐based signaling hubs – an extensive list of crucial functions mediated by non‐canonical Hh signaling has emerged. Moreover, amounting evidence indicates that canonical and non‐canonical modes of Hh signaling are interlinked, and that they can overlap spatially, and in many cases interact functionally. Here, we discuss some of the many cellular effects of non‐canonical signaling and discuss new evidence indicating inter‐relationships with canonical signaling. We discuss how Smoothened (Smo), a key component of the Hh pathway, might coordinate such diverse downstream effects. Collectively, pursuit of questions such as those proposed here will aid in elucidating the full extent of Smo function in development and advance its use as a target for cancer therapeutics.
Thermodynamically Favourable States in the Reaction of Nitrogenase without Dissociation of any Sulfide Ligand
Authors: Jiang Hao , Ryde Ulf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe have used combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations to study the reaction mechanism of nitrogenase, assuming that none of the sulfide ligands dissociates. To avoid the problem that there is no consensus regarding the structure and protonation of the E4 state, we start from a state where N2 is bound to the cluster and is protonated to N2H2, after dissociation of H2. We show that the reaction follows an alternating mechanism with HNNH (possibly protonated to HNNH2) and H2NNH2 as intermediates and the two NH3 products dissociate at the E7 and E8 levels. For all intermediates, coordination to Fe6 is preferred, but for the E4 and E8 intermediates, binding to Fe2 is competitive. For the E4, E5 and E7 intermediates we find that the substrate may abstract a proton from the hydroxy group of the homocitrate ligand of the FeMo cluster, thereby forming HNNH2, H2NNH2 and NH3 intermediates. This may explain why homocitrate is a mandatory component of nitrogenase. All steps in the suggested reaction mechanism are thermodynamically favourable compared to protonation of the nearby His‐195 group and in all cases, protonation of the NE2 atom of the latter group is preferred.
Photoionization, Structures, and Energetics of Na‐Doped Formic Acid–Water Clusters
Authors: Bende Attila , Gaele Maria F. , Di Palma Tonia M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe influence of formic acid on water cluster aggregation has been investigated experimentally by mass spectrometry and tunable UV laser ionization applied to Na‐doped clusters formed in the supersonic expansion of water vapors seeded with formic acid (FA) as well as theoretically using high level quantum chemistry methods. The mass spectra of Na−FA(H2O)n clusters show an enlarging of mass distribution toward heavier clusters with respect to the Na−(H2O)n clusters, suggesting similar mass distribution in neutral clusters and an influence of formic acid in water aggregation. Density functional theory and coupled‐cluster type (DLPNO‐CCSD(T)) calculations have been used to calculate structures and energetics of neutral and ionized Na−FA(H2O)n as well as neutral FA(H2O)n. Na‐doped clusters are characterized by very stable geometries. The theoretical adiabatic ionization potential values match pretty well the measured appearance energies and the calculated first six electronic excited states show Rydberg‐type characters, indicating possible autoionization contributions in the mass spectra. Finally, theoretical calculations on neutral FA(H2O)n clusters show the possibility of similarly stable structures in small clusters containing up to n=4–5 water molecules, where FA interacts significantly with waters. This suggests that FA can compete with water molecules in the starting stage of the aggregation process, by forming stable nucleation seed.