bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior and adrenal physiology of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) serving as ambassador animals
Authors: Hartell‐DeNardo Julie , Kozlowski Corinne , Baskir Eli , Macek Michael , Dorsey Candice , Powell David M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmbassador animals are part of many zoo programs, but studies assessing their impact on these animals are relatively rare. This study validated an excrement glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) assay for Magellanic penguins and used GCM measures in conjunction with behavioral observations to evaluate individual responses to participation in an ambassador animal program. Excrement samples and behavioral observations were collected daily from each bird during two phases, 1 week during which it participated in a twice‐daily ambassador program and 1 week in which it did not. We found no differences in GCMs between phases or in comparisons between penguins with 5 or 10 years of program experience. GCM also did not show significant individual variation and did not increase over time during the program phase. There were no significant correlations between bird experience and behavior frequencies, nor GCM concentrations and behavior, across birds. We observed significant positive correlations between the penguins' engagement with novel objects during programs and their unguided approach to guests. Our results suggest that there is no adverse physiological effect of program participation on these penguins, that behavioral and physiological responses may be decoupled, and that choice and control can increase desired behaviors behavior during ambassador programs.
Values for a Post-Pandemic Future
Authors: Dennis Matthew J. , Ishmaev Georgy , Umbrello Steven , van den Hoven Jeroen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are yet to be calculated, but they include the loss of millions of lives and the destruction of countless livelihoods. What is certain is that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has changed the way we live for the foreseeable future. It has forced many to live in ways they would have previously thought impossible. As well as challenging scientists and medical professionals to address urgent value conflicts in the short term, COVID-19 has raised slower-burning value questions for corporations, public institutions, governments, and policymakers. In simple terms, the pandemic has brought what we care about into sharp relief, both collectively and individually. Whether this revaluation of our values will last beyond the current pandemic is unknown. Once COVID-19 has been tamed, will the desire to return to our previous lives be irresistible? Or will living under pandemic conditions have taught us something that will be incorporated into how we design our future lives and technologies? These are hard questions for the ethics of technology, which this volume aims to explore and address.
Uncertainty, Vaccination, and the Duties of Liberal States
Authors: Huang Pei-Hua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is widely accepted that a liberal state has a general duty to protect its people from undue health risks. However, the unprecedented emergent measures against the COVID-19 pandemic taken by governments worldwide give rise to questions regarding the extent to which this duty may be used to justify suspending a vaccine rollout on marginal safety grounds. In this chapter, I use the case of vaccination to argue that while a liberal state has a general duty to protect its people’s health, there is a limit to the measures this duty can be used to justify. First, I argue that since every available option involves different risks and benefits, the incommensurability of the involved risks and benefits forbids the prioritisation of a particular vaccine. Second, I argue that given epistemic limitations and uncertainty, policies that favour certain vaccines are not only epistemically ill-founded but also morally unacceptable. I conclude that in a highly uncertain situation such as the unfolding pandemic, the duty a liberal state ought to uphold is to properly communicate the knowns and unknowns to the general public and help people decide which option to choose for themselves. I call this duty the duty to facilitate risk-taking.
The Backstory
Authors: Jinnah Zaheera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction and overview of the book. It discusses the concept of informal mining in Johannesburg and places this within a historical context of gold mining and labour migration in Southern Africa. The main conceptual framework of informality and exclusion are discussed, and an overview of the research methods presented. Finally, some key contemporary socio-economic indicators that provide context to informal and precariously livelihoods such as informal mining are shared.
Future Direction of Travel (De Lege Ferenda)
Authors: Frischhut Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the previous chapters, this chapter addresses the need of an additional EU narrative, complementing and not replacing the initial narrative of safeguarding peace. This chapter also argues for an additional value of environmental protection, shifting from an anthropocentric to a more bio-centric approach. The EU has initially focussed on humans, the ECJ has recently added ‘animal welfare’ as an additional value, and following the ‘one health’ approach, this book argues for also adding environmental protection as a new EU value. The book also argues for a more communitarian Union, not replacing rights of individuals, but at the same time strengthening the sense of community. Finally, as various values mainly address the EU and/or the EU Member States, this book also suggests certain virtues (character traits that also need to be practiced), drawing on inspiration from other parts of the world.
Invariant traces of the flat space chiral higher-spin algebra as scattering amplitudes
Authors: Ponomarev Dmitry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We sum up two- and three-point amplitudes in the chiral higher-spin theory over helicities and find that these quite manifestly have the form of invariant traces of the flat space chiral higher-spin algebra. We consider invariant traces of products of higher numbers of on-shell higher-spin fields and interpret these as higher-point scattering amplitudes. This construction closely mimics its anti-de Sitter space counterpart, which was considered some time ago and was confirmed holographically.
Maximally non-integrable almost complex structures: an h-principle and cohomological properties
Authors: Coelho R. , Placini G. , Stelzig J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study almost complex structures with lower bounds on the rank of the Nijenhuis tensor. Namely, we show that they satisfy an h-principle. As a consequence, all parallelizable manifolds and all manifolds of dimension $$2n\ge 10$$

2
n
≥
10

(respectively $$\ge 6$$

≥
6

) admit a almost complex structure whose Nijenhuis tensor has maximal rank everywhere (resp. is nowhere trivial). For closed 4-manifolds, the existence of such structures is characterized in terms of topological invariants. Moreover, we show that the Dolbeault cohomology of non-integrable almost complex structures is often infinite dimensional (even on compact manifolds).
Identification of Cavities and Inclusions in Linear Elasticity with a Phase-Field Approach
Authors: Aspri Andrea , Beretta Elena , Cavaterra Cecilia , Rocca Elisabetta , Verani Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the inverse problem of determining cavities and inclusions embedded in a linear elastic isotropic medium from boundary displacement’s measurements. For, we consider a constrained minimization problem involving a boundary quadratic misfit functional with a regularization term that penalizes the perimeter of the cavity or inclusion to be identified. Then using a phase field approach we derive a robust algorithm for the reconstruction of elastic inclusions and of cavities modelled as inclusions with a very small elasticity tensor.
Optimal Control of a Quasilinear Parabolic Equation and its Time Discretization
Authors: Blank Luise , Meisinger Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the optimal control of a quasilinear parabolic state equation. Its form is leaned on the kind of problems arising for example when controlling the anisotropic Allen–Cahn equation as a model for crystal growth. Motivated by this application we consider the state equation as a result of a gradient flow of an energy functional. The quasilinear term is strongly monotone and obeys a certain growth condition and the lower order term is non-monotone. The state equation is discretized implicitly in time with piecewise constant functions. The existence of the control-to-state operator and its Lipschitz-continuity is shown for the time discretized as well as for the time continuous problem. Latter is based on the convergence proof of the discretized solutions. Finally we present for both the existence of global minimizers. Also convergence of a subsequence of time discrete optimal controls to a global minimizer of the time continuous problem can be shown. Our results hold in arbitrary space dimensions.
Aesthetic Evaluation of Breast Reconstruction with Autologous Fat Transfer vs. Implants
Authors: Wederfoort Jamilla L. M. , Kleeven Alieske , Hommes Juliette E. , Van Kuijk Sander M. J. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. , Piatkowski Andrzej ,   M.D for The Breast trial investigators, Piatkowski Andrzej , Wederfoort Jamilla L. M. , Hommes Juliette E. , Schop Sander J. , Krastev Todor K. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , van der Hulst René R. W. J. , Derks Daniëlle , Larsen Mikko , Rakhorst Hinne , Schmidbauer Ute , Maerten Smit Jan , Tan Liang T. , Wehrens Kim M. E. , de Wit Thijs 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Autologous fat transfer (AFT) seems to be a new minimal invasive method for total breast reconstruction, yet how patients, surgeons, and laymen evaluate cosmesis is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic outcome of AFT (intervention group) for total breast reconstruction post-mastectomy, as compared to implant-based reconstruction (IBR) (control group).

Methods
A random and blinded 3D photographic aesthetic outcome study was performed on a selection of 50 patients, scored by three panels: plastic surgeons, breast cancer patients, and laymen. Secondary outcomes included agreement within groups and possible patient characteristics influencing scoring.

Results
Breast cancer patients and plastic surgeons did not differ in the aesthetic scores between the treatment groups. In contrast, the laymen group scored AFT patients lower than IBR patients (− 1.04, p < 0.001). Remarkably, mean given scores were low for all groups and overall agreement within groups was poor (ICC < 0.50). Higher scores were given when subjects underwent a bilateral reconstruction and if a mamilla was present.

Conclusion
Evaluation of aesthetic outcomes varies greatly. Hence, aesthetic outcome remains a very personal measure and this emphasizes the importance of thorough patient counseling including information on achievable aesthetic results before starting a reconstructive procedure.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Web-based gene expression analysis—paving the way to decode healthy and diseased ocular tissue
Authors: Wolf Julian , Lapp Thabo , Reinhard Thomas , Agostini Hansjürgen , Schlunck Günther , Lange Clemens 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing has helped to improve the understanding of many diseases. Databases, such as the Gene Expression Omnibus database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information provide RNA sequencing raw data from various diseased tissue types but their analysis requires advanced bioinformatics skills. Therefore, specific ocular databases provide the transcriptional profiles of different ocular tissues and in addition enable intuitive web-based data analysis.

Objective
The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of ocular transcriptome databases and to compare them with the Human Eye Transcriptome Atlas newly established in Freiburg.

Methods
PubMed literature search.

Results
A total of nine ocular transcriptome databases focusing on different aspects were identified. The iSyTE and Express platforms specialize in gene expression during lens and retinal development in mice, whereas retina.tigem.it, Eye in a Disk, and Spectacle focus on selected ocular tissues such as the retina. Spectacle, UCSC Cell Browser and Single Cell Portal allow intuitive exploration of single cell RNA sequencing data derived from retinal, choroid, cornea, iris, trabecular meshwork and sclera specimens. The microarray profiles of a variety of healthy ocular tissues are included in the Ocular Tissue Database. The Human Eye Transcriptome Atlas provides the largest collection of different ocular tissue types, contains the highest number of ocular diseases and is characterized by a high level of quality achieved by methodological consistency.

Conclusion
Ocular transcriptome databases provide comprehensive and intuitive insights into the transcriptional profiles of a variety of healthy and diseased ocular tissues. Thus, they improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mediators, support hypothesis generation and help in the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for various ocular diseases.
Exosome secretion and cellular response of DU145 and PC3 after exposure to alpha radiation
Authors: Pszczółkowska Beata , Olejarz Wioletta , Filipek Mateusz , Tartas Adrianna , Kubiak-Tomaszewska Grażyna , Żołnierzak Aleksandra , Życieńska Katarzyna , Ginter Józef , Lorenc Tomasz , Brzozowska Beata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExosomes are spherical membrane nanovesicles secreted from cells, and they play an important role in tumor immune response, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Studies investigating exosomes isolated from cells exposed to photon radiation commonly used in conventional radiotherapy demonstrate the influence of this type of radiation on exosome characteristics and secretion. There is currently no research investigating the effects of densely ionizing particles such as protons and alpha radiation on exosomes. Thus we have evaluated the cellular response of human prostate cancer cells exposed to 0, 2, and 6 Gy of alpha radiation emitted from the Am-241 source. Irradiated PC3 and DU145 cell lines, characterized by differences in radiosensitivity, were studied using apoptosis, LDH, and IL-6 assays. Additionally, the corresponding concentration and size of isolated exosomes were measured using NTA. We found that exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in gross changes in viability and cell damage. There were increased amounts of apoptotic or necrotic cells as a function of radiation dose. We demonstrated that irradiated PC3 cells secrete higher quantities of exosomes compared to DU145 cells. Additionally, we also found no statistical difference in exosome size for control and irradiated cells.
A concept of copula robustness and its applications in quantitative risk management
Authors: Zähle Henryk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn financial and actuarial applications, marginal risks and their dependence structure are often modelled separately. While it is sometimes reasonable to assume that the marginal distributions are ‘known’, it is usually quite involved to obtain information on the copula (dependence structure). Therefore copula models used in practice are quite often only rough guesses. For many purposes, it is thus relevant to know whether certain characteristics derived from$d$d-variate risks are robust with respect to (at least small) deviations in the copula. In this article, a general concept of copula robustness is introduced and criteria for copula robustness are presented. These criteria are illustrated by means of several examples from quantitative risk management. The concept of aggregation robustness introduced by Embrechts et al. (Finance Stoch. 19:763–790, 2015) can be embedded in our framework of copula robustness.
Rapid, non-contact multifocal visual assessment in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maddess Ted , van Kleef Joshua P. , Rohan Emilie M. F. , Carle Corinne F. , Baird-Gunning Jonathan , Rai Bhim B. , Bruestle Anne , Lane Jo , Lueck Christian J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
Previous work on temporally sparse multifocal methods suggests that the results are correlated with disability and progression in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Here, we assess the diagnostic power of three cortically mediated sparse multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) methods that quantified response-delay and light-sensitivity at up to 44 regions of both visual fields concurrently.

Methods
One high-spatial-resolution mfPOP method, P129, and two rapid medium-resolution methods, W12 and W20, were tested on 44 PwMS and controls. W12 and W20 took 82 s to test both visual fields concurrently, providing response delay and sensitivity at each field location, while P129 took 7 min. Diagnostic power was assessed using areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves and effect-size (Hedges’ g). Linear models examined significance. Concurrent testing of both eyes permitted assessment of between-eye asymmetries.

Results
Per-region response delays and asymmetries achieved AUROCs of 86.6% ± 4.72% (mean ± SE) in relapsing–remitting MS, and 96.5% ± 2.30% in progressive MS. Performance increased with increasing disability scores, with even moderate EDSS 2 to 4.5 PwMS producing AUROCs of 82.1 to 89.8%, Hedge’s g values up to 2.06, and p = 4.0e − 13. All tests performed well regardless of any history of optic neuritis. W12 and W20 performed as well or better than P129.

Conclusion
Overall, the 82-s tests (W12 and W20) performed better than P129. The results suggest that mfPOP assesses a correlate of disease severity rather than a history of inflammation, and that it may be useful in the clinical management of PwMS.
Rechtliche Einordnung von Grünbrücken bei Aus- und Neubauten sowie bestehenden Bundesfernstraßen
Authors: Weiß Katharina V. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der enormen Zerschneidungswirkung von Bundesfernstraßen werden Grünbrücken
in der Bundesrepublik vermehrt errichtet, sodass sich die Frage der rechtlichen Einordnung dieser bei Aus-
und Neubau, aber auch bei bestehenden Bundesfernstraßen stellt. Der Beitrag geht dabei auf ausgewählte
naturschutzrechtliche Instrumente ein, beleuchtet fachplanungsrechtliche Besonderheiten und stellt die Frage
der (finanziellen) Verhältnismäßigkeit von Grünbrücken.
A New Contact Paradox
Authors: Pérez Laraudogoitia Jon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a well-known variety of contact paradoxes which are significantly linked to topology. The aim of this paper is to present a new paradox concerning contact with bodies composed of a denumerable infinity of parts. This paradox establishes the logical necessity, in a Newtonian context, of contact forces (herein called “phantom forces”) that violate what is probably our most basic causal intuition, embodied in what I call the Principle of Influence: any force exerted on a body B induces (causes) change of movement of B or (inclusive disjunction) the emergence of internal forces in B. However, the above paradox can be made strictly compatible with a Newtonian framework by introducing phantom forces as ideal elements in the Hilbert sense, though it will be seen that this does not solve all the problems.
Comparative investigation between complex energy and transfer matrix techniques for quasi-energy states in heterostructure materials
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany B. , Elabsy A. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA comparative analysis is performed to study the resonant tunneling through symmetric multiple double-barrier resonant tunneling heterostructure materials composed of nanoscale semiconductors ZnSe/BeTe, AlAs/GaAs, InGaAs/AlInAs, and AlGaAs/GaAs. Two techniques are applied in the present investigation for calculating the quasi-resonant energy states and their associated lifetimes in nanoscale double-barrier quantum well heterostructures. The first technique is based on the complex energy solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with the time–energy uncertainty condition. The second one is employing the transfer matrix method. The quasi-resonant energies, lifetimes, and frequencies in nanoscale double-barrier quantum well heterostructures are calculated by both methods and compared. The validity and accuracy of both techniques are tested and compared extensively with various current numerical methods. Excellent agreements are obtained between our results and the available experimental and theoretical values. It is also found that the complex energy technique is recommended when handling the quasi-energy states and quasi-lifetimes of novel nanoscale devices.
Trait responses of a grassland shrub invader to altered moisture regimes
Authors: Rutherford William A. , Archer Steven R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to identify plant traits important for initial establishment of a globally invasive shrub, Prosopis spp. (mesquite), by quantifying morphological and ecophysiological responses of seedlings to contrasting moisture regimes. Our model plant was Prosopis velutina, a prominent invader of North American semi-desert grasslands.

Methods
Seedlings received one of three watering levels corresponding to regional ‘ambient’ (100%), ‘dry’ (−65%; 65% reduction of ambient), and ‘wet’ (+165%; 65% increase above ambient) growing season precipitation regimes. A total of 32 plant performance (e.g., biomass and growth) and functional (e.g., morphological and physiological) traits were assessed when seedlings reached 11- and 22-days old.

Results
Germination under dry conditions was high (72%) and only slightly reduced compared to ambient and wet conditions with subsequent seedling survival unaffected. High trait variation enabled early recruitment over the range of soil moisture conditions, including extreme drought. Root volume, surface area, tips, tap root length, and leaf length functional traits were top predictors of seedling performance, with fresh weight, absolute growth rate, and root mass secondarily contributing to establishment.

Conclusion
No physiological functional traits were significant in predicting performance or discriminating between moisture regimes; suggesting morphological traits for maintaining metabolic and hydraulic function are key to early establishment. Dry conditions reduced germination and slowed P. velutina seedling growth but did not prevent early establishment. Thus, recruitment of certain dryland shrubs may not be episodic with respect to above-average rainfall. Indeed, early recruitment of P. velutina and functionally similar species can potentially occur even in moisture conditions well below-average.