bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of coastal alluvial aquifer on groundwater chemistry in Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Thin P P , Hendrayana H , Kawasaki S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Saline groundwater is found far from the coastline, whereas closer groundwater has low salinity in the Wates area, Indonesia. This situation which has led to problems linked to the coastal aquifer, shows different groundwater chemistries. This connection needs to highlight the geochemical evolution of aquifers. This research aims to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics in Wates Sub-District, Kulon Progo District, Indonesia. The study area is located in the southern part of the Kulon Progo with an aquifer of marine and fluvial deposits. The boundary of the south is the Indian Ocean. The approach is based on analyzing the major ions of 27 groundwater samples, and the XRD results include the Stiff diagram and the Stuyfzand classification. The Stiff diagram showed in agreement with that of the Stuyfzand classification. Results showed that the F2-(CaHCO3)2Ø and F1-(NaMix)Ø types reflect the recharge process and dominate the dissolution of silicate minerals. Halite dissolution originates in topographically flat areas of the Bs1-NaCl (-) water. Total hardness is softer than others as a result of cation exchange. The groundwater chemistry’s geochemical processes are the dissolution of silicate and halite minerals, ion exchange, and fresh and seawater mixing. This research indicates to focus on pumping problems in the aquifer.
Ecosystem approach of artificial reef through trophic web modelling
Authors: Raoux A , Salaun J , Pezy J P , Pioch S , Dauvin J C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Along the French coast of the Atlantic and English Channel in a high tidal regime, only a limited number of Artificial Reefs (ARs) had been immerged in very few localities in the aim to increase the local production of fisheries of such hard artificial substratum. Moreover, ARs design have been planned to increase the diversity, abundance and biomass of benthic species associated to hard-bottom. Does the deployment of such artificial structure improve the production and ecological functioning on such equipped areas? Trophic models describing the interaction between species at different trophic levels and based on the quantification of energy flow and matter in ecosystems are able to respond to this question. They allow the application of numerical methods for the characterization of emergent properties of the ecosystem, also called Ecological Network Analysis (ENA). Usually, these indices have been proposed as ecosystem health indicators as they have been demonstrated to be sensitive to different impacts on marine ecosystems. Here, Ecopath ecosystem models composed of 23 compartments, from phytoplankton to mammals, are built to describe the situation “Before” and “After” the implantation of ARs in two areas: the Rade of Cherbourg in the central part of the English Channel along the French coast, and in the south of the Bay of Biscay along the Landes coast. In addition, ENA indices are calculated for the two periods, “before” and “after” the implantation of artificial reefs to compare network functioning and the overall structural trophic web properties. In both areas, increase of benthic and fish compartments insure an increase of the system maturity; nevertheless, the high surge of planktinovorous fishes on the Landes AR showed a protection role of such AR than changes of planktonic preys.
Effectiveness of ecomodules in increasing aquatic biodiversity and bioproductivity in a port environment.
Authors: Paalvast P , Wolf R , Faasse M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In early spring of 2018, so called ecomodules were attached to support piles of jetties within the polyhaline part of the port of Rotterdam. The objective of the ecomodules is to increase bioproductivity and biodiversity of the port basins and waterways, by ‘greening’ nautical infrastructure structures, which would otherwise support few species. An ecomodule consists of a coated steel construction of 1 meter wide and 4 meters high to which elements of structural diversity that facilitate the settlement and growth of organisms can be attached. About a quarter of the ecomodule protrudes above the water level at low tide, the other part is permanently under water. Five different types (I to V) of ecomodules have been tested. Ecomodules with: (I, cups, reference) tidal cups and a subtidal concrete reference slab, (II, ropes) used nylon hawsers with a diameter of 12 cm, (III, drainage pipes) drainage pipes sheathed with polypropylene with a diameter of 12,5 cm, (IV, fender hulas) bundles of thin nylon threads (untangled used hawsers), and (V roots) strands with 3 mm thick nylon strings with a length of 40 cm each. Monitoring of the ecomodules took place in the summers of 2018 and 2019.
The biofouling on all ecomodules was zonate both inter- and subtidal. Different types of seaweed were found of which Ulva spec. occurred on all ecomodules while the large seaweed Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder wrack) only occurred on type II and IV. Amongst the macrofauna some groups/species clearly (co-)dominated the different types of ecomodules: barnacles and Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oysters) on type I, ascidians on type I, II, III and IV, hydrozoans on type II, III and V, bryozoans on type IV, while with a coverage of nearly 100% Mytilus edulis (Blue mussel) dominated type V.
The ecomodules with elements of structural diversity vs the concrete reference plate scored higher on both biodiversity and bioproductivity. The total number of macrofaunal species found on the ecomodules ranged from 23 to 39 in order from lowest to highest number on respectively type, I (concrete reference plate), IV, V, II, III. The wet biomass on the ecomodules ranged from 5225 gr.m-2 to 80096 gr.m-2 in order from lowest to highest weight on respectively type, I (concrete reference plate), IV, III, II, V.
We conclude that ecomodules can be an effective means to increase biodiversity and biomass in an aquatic environment consisting to a large extent of artificial structures, such as a port. An ideal ecomodule was designed based on the findings of the experiment and will be applied to mooring posts in a new project.
Effects of material composition and face block exposure on the long-term (2014-2018) colonisation of an intertidal RECIF Artificial Reef in the Bay of Seine
Authors: Dauvin J C , Deloor M , Pezy J P , Raoux A , Claquin P , Foveau A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An experimental artificial reef (AR) with the incorporation of crushed seashells of the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis was initiated on the intertidal zone of the Bay of Seine in the framework of the INTERREG IVa RECIF project for a everyone year monitoring observations from March 2014 to April 2018. Three block types were operated: eco-friendly material with 20% or 40% of crushed queen scallop shells, and ordinary concrete made from natural aggregates. On the seven blocks analysed at the end of the experiment in 2018, 74 taxa including 32 sessile and 42 motile fauna have been accounted; no difference of taxonomic richness was observed between material and immersion time. The sessile fauna was identified for the six external faces of two blocks aged of four years: horizontal above face (FAB), horizontal below Face (FBE), face oriented offshore (FOF), face oriented inshore (FIN), vertical face oriented west (FEW) and vertical face oriented east (FEA). FBE showed higher taxonomic richness and abundance than the other block faces. FAB exposed to the light showed the lowest abundances. Our observations showed the efficiency of such AR on the intertidal zone accessible at each spring tide, which was easier to survey than in the subtidal zone, where divers must be mobilised to sample blocks.
Enhancing marine coastal biodiversity in Normandy: towards a new species signalling network using Artificial Structures
Authors: Pezy J P , Raoux A , Boisserie R , Dauvin J C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) are a threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem services. The European seas are known to be the recipient of several hundreds of NIS due two main origins: shipping and aquaculture. They are the focus of Descriptor 2 of good environmental status in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. 153 NNS had been recorded along the Normandy coast in 2018. Marinas are priority sites for monitoring, being ‘hotspots’ for the NIS occurrence. The aim of the ENBIMANOR project was to study and compare the composition and the hard-bottom macrofauna including the NIS prevalence in marinas along the Normandy coast (from Granville to Dieppe-Le Tréport) focusing primarily on mobile and benthic invertebrates. A total of 19 marinas were surveyed during two years (2018-2020). At each harbour, nine settlements panels (acting as artificial reef) were immerged at a depth of 1.50 m. Every quarter, at each site, a settlement panel was replaced and the species colonising the panel were identified. The analysis revealed higher taxonomic richness in marinas open to the sea or with high salinity than in closed marinas or with low salinity. Results highlighted that each marina has its own species composition. This survey identified more than one hundred taxa, including known NIS species such as the amphipod Monocorophium acherusicum and M. sextonae, the ascidians Perophora japonica and Stylea clava, and detect four new NIS for the Normandy waters (Aoroides longimerus, A. curvipes, Paranthura japonica and Ianiropsis serricaudis). Our study shows the need to continue the census of NIS and to evaluate their impacts on the artificial hard-bottom structures in marine coastal ecosystem on two major zones: the intertidal zone and the marina/harbours waters.
The involvement of actors in the English Channel through a socio-ecological approach applied to artificial reefs
Authors: Salaün J , Pioch S , Dauvin J C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For more than fifty years, Artificial Reefs (AR) have been deployed in France to respond to the decline in fish stocks with a high deployment on the Mediterranean coast. However, from 40 sites listed, less than a quarter have not been the subject of any known published ecological or socio-economic monitoring reports, over the past five years. The lack of data on the evaluation of these structures therefore raises questions about their interest, both from an ecological and social point of view. By relying on the theory of organizations and more specifically on the translation resulting from the sociology of innovation applied to the environment, we will develop an original socio-ecological approach intended to meet this need for evaluation, in particular for managers. Based on two case studies on the coasts of the French Channel (Etretat and Cherbourg), we will highlight the interests and roles of human and non-human actors in an AR immersion process. The analysis will highlight the social and ecological objectives of these two projects from an analytical framework designed to verify the adequacy between the socio-ecological network "artificial reefs" formed and the objectives initially expected by the actors, especially decision-makers and funders. The limits posed by these approaches to improve the evaluation of artificial reefs will finally be discussed.
A Review of the Ecosystem Services Provided by the Native Oyster (Ostrea edulis): Implications for Restoration
Authors: Thomas S , Collins K , Hauton C , Jensen A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Native oyster (Ostrea edulis) habitat has been decimated across the majority of its natural range as a result of human activity. In recent decades, oyster restoration projects have gathered increasing support due to their potential to provide ecosystem services that offset increasing pressure from human development, resource demand, and also climate change. These ecosystem services are reviewed here, so as to inform the potential benefit of restoration projects. Ecosystem services can be divided into four categories: provisioning services through direct utilisation of oysters and the species they support, regulating services that help maintain a healthy environment, habitat services that benefit biodiversity, and cultural services that can influence tourism and wider cultural values. Ecosystem services are often interlinked in complex networks, though these can be linked back to two overarching ecosystem functions, stemming from either the filter feeding activity of oysters, or the physical reef structure that they provide. The MARINEFF oyster enhancement reefs installed in the Solent, September 2020, are intended to support the extensive Solent Oyster Restoration Project initiated by the Blue Marine Foundation. The expectation is that they will facilitate both oyster settlement and the release of larvae for the repopulation of the Solent system. This may contribute to the recovery of ecosystem services mentioned in this review. It is important to note however that there is a lack of baseline data for native oysters, and the ecosystem service values they provide are poorly constrained, meaning that ecosystem service estimates are derived largely from other species of oyster. This inhibits our ability to accurately calculate and model natural capital provided by native oysters, highlighting the necessity for further research so as to inform management and restoration targets.
Mineralogical and microtextural characterization of eco-friendly concrete for marine infrastructures: Methodologies for the MARINEFF Project
Authors: Ramos V , Andersen J C , Rollinson G K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The European cross-border Project MARINEFF explores the use of eco-friendly concrete materials in the construction of marine structures (oyster bed modules, dykes, boat moorings and rockpools). The structures and materials are designed to protect and improve the local biodiversity of the marine environment of the Channel / La Manche. This paper focuses on the mineralogical and microtextural characterization of the concrete materials. The aim is to introduce how advanced analytical methods have been employed to gain an understanding of the evolution of the materials, in particular their response to immersion into the sea. Our methods include the traditional techniques for examining concrete materials (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction), but also introduces the benefits of mineralogical methods that go beyond the current “state-of-the-art” (automated scanning electron microscopy by QEMSCAN®, electron-probe microanalysis). Our results offer detailed insight into the controls on the compositional and structural evolution of the materials.
Marine Biofilm effect on mortar surface layer.
Authors: Georges M , Bourguiba A , Maestracci B , Gascoin S , Goux D , Chateigner D , Boutouil M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of biofilm development on the surface layer of a mortar. This work aims at understanding the modifications occurred within the cementitious matrix such as its composition as its microstructure following the bio-colonization. These properties were studied after 360 days of immersion in two immersion media (Artificial Seawater (AS) and Natural Seawater (NS)) using ATG/DTG, XRD analyses and SEM observations. It was found that the biofilm caused the dissolution of the portlandite deeper than when the mortar was not colonized (AS medium). Moreover, a strong carbonation was observed in the first millimeters of the matrix. Two polymorphs of calcium carbonate were particularly identified. Aragonite is the dominant form present on the surface of the mortar immersed in NS. Calcite and magnesian calcite were also observed but after bio-colonization of the mortar. Thus, the development and the biological activity of the biofilm seems to modify the properties of the mortar and could control the precipitation of calcium carbonates on its surface.
Preliminary evidence of early Reef Cube® enhancements to mobile benthic ecosystems
Authors: Hickling S J S , Murphy J A J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reef Cubes® are ecological engineering units, intended to restore biodiversity while serving functions to marine engineers. Ecological engineering must be backed by quantitative scientific evidence. Here, preliminary results of the Reef Enhancement for Fisheries at Aquaculture Sites (REFAS) project are presented. 11 Clusters of Reef Cubes® were deployed in June 2021. Sampling was undertaken before and after in the Spring and Autumn of 2021, in daylight and at night-time. Guided Baited Remote Underwater Video Station (BRUVS) surveys were completed with a modified BlueROV2. All mobile benthic and demersal species were identified during a 30-minute window and quantified in terms of Max-N. Biodiversity indices, rarefaction curves and multivariate community compositions were compared at reef and non-reef sites before and after build. Average species richness, Pielou’s evenness, Simpson’s and Shannon’s indices were similar between reef and non-reef sites. Seasonal increases of total abundance and total species were found, and these were significantly greater at reef sites. There were also significant differences in the community compositions of the reef and non-reef sites that were not observed before the build. These results are significant for the implications of using Reef Cubes® and indicate that Reef Cubes® could be a potential tool for biodiversity remediation.
Sutureless transplantation of in vivo priming human mesenchymal stem cell sheet promotes the therapeutic potential for cardiac repair
Authors: Choi Andrew , Kim Hyeok , Han Hyeonseok , Park Jae-Hyun , Kim Jin-Ju , Sim Woo-Sup , Lee Seong Jin , Ban Kiwon , Park Hun-Jun , Kim Dong Sung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The heart, contrary to its small size, vigorously pumps oxygen and nutrients to our entire body indeterminably; and thus, its dysfunction could be devastating. Until now, there ave been several major obstacles to applying a cardiac patch for the treatment for myocardial infarction, including poor integration and low engraftment rates, due to the highly-curved surface of the heart and its dynamic nature. Here, we demonstrate a novel way for a comprehensive cardiac repair achieved by the sutureless transplantation of a highly integrable in vivo priming bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet based on the utilization of a highly aligned thermoresponsive nanofiber membrane. Moreover, we developed a BMSC sheet specialized for vascular regeneration through ‘in-vivo priming’ using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. A prolonged secretion of multiple angiogenic cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, insulin-like growth factor-1, which was observed in vitro from the specialized BMSC sheet seemed to lead a significant improvement in the cardiac function, including intrinsic contractibility and remodeling. In this study, we provide strong evidence that in vivo priming of a human BMSC sheet develops the therapeutic potential for cardiac repair.
Noisy quantum computation modeled by quantum walk: universality without ancillas
Authors: Feldman Noa , Goldstein Moshe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The universal quantum-walk-based quantum computation model by Childs has opened the door for a new way of studying the limitations and advantages of quantum computation, as well as for its intermediate-term simulation. In recent years, the growing interest in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers has lead to intense efforts being directed at understanding the computational advantages of open quantum systems. In this work, we extend the quantum walk model to open noisy systems in order to provide such a tool for the study of NISQ computers. Our method does not use explicit purification, and allows to ignore the environment degrees of freedom and obtain a much more efficient implementation (linear rather than exponential in the runtime), which employs no ancillas, hence provides direct access to the entanglement properties of the system. In our scheme, the quantum walk amplitudes represent elements of the density matrix rather than the wavefunction of a pure state. Despite the non-trivial manifestation of the normalization requirement in this setting, we model the application of general unitary gates and nonunitary channels, with an explicit implementation protocol for channels that are commonly used in noise models.
Bridging the quantum divides: a chance to repair classic(al) mistakes?
Authors: Ten Holter Carolyn , Inglesant Philip , Srivastava Rupesh , Jirotka Marina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Classical computing, which has transformed the world in unprecedented ways, has not always been deployed in ways that prioritise ethical values such as fairness, justice, and equity. The Western-focused, Silicon-Valley-centric 21st-century-computing model creates digital ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’. Quantum computers promise to be exponentially more powerful than classical computers for some classically hard problems, potentially transforming application areas such as chemistry, drug discovery, and machine learning. However, if access and control over quantum computing is not shared equitably, then this may serve to amplify existing inequalities and create even deeper divides. Here we consider some of the possible implications for responsible quantum computing, looking ahead to ways in which the rollout of quantum computing could centre ethical principles such as fairness and equity, in order to prevent the mistakes of the ‘classical-only’ past. The issues raised in this paper will be of interest to those engaged in quantum computing research and to those concerned with the societal implications of this major new technology.
Learning tree structures from leaves for particle decay reconstruction
Authors: Kahn James , Tsaklidis Ilias , Taubert Oskar , Reuter Lea , Dujany Giulio , Boeckh Tobias , Thaller Arthur , Goldenzweig Pablo , Bernlochner Florian , Streit Achim , Götz Markus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we present a neural approach to reconstructing rooted tree graphs describing hierarchical interactions, using a novel representation we term the lowest common ancestor generations (LCAG) matrix. This compact formulation is equivalent to the adjacency matrix, but enables learning a tree’s structure from its leaves alone without the prior assumptions required if using the adjacency matrix directly. Employing the LCAG therefore enables the first end-to-end trainable solution which learns the hierarchical structure of varying tree sizes directly, using only the terminal tree leaves to do so. In the case of high-energy particle physics, a particle decay forms a hierarchical tree structure of which only the final products can be observed experimentally, and the large combinatorial space of possible trees makes an analytic solution intractable. We demonstrate the use of the LCAG as a target in the task of predicting simulated particle physics decay structures using both a Transformer encoder and a neural relational inference encoder graph neural network. With this approach, we are able to correctly predict the LCAG purely from leaf features for a maximum tree-depth of 8 in

92.5
%

of cases for trees up to 6 leaves (including) and

59.7
%

for trees up to 10 in our simulated dataset.