bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Movements and Spatial Overlap of Juvenile and Adult Lake Sturgeon in Lake Champlain
Authors: Izzo Lisa K. , Zydlewski Gayle Barbin , Marsden J. Ellen , Parrish Donna L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens is a large, long‐lived, potamodromous species that is widely distributed throughout freshwater systems in the central part of North America. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to examine seasonal distribution and movement patterns of endangered Lake Sturgeon in Lake Champlain, Vermont. Acoustic tags were implanted in 29 juvenile Lake Sturgeon (453–874 mm TL) and 19 adults (1,215–1,615 mm TL) from the Winooski River and nearby areas of Lake Champlain between 2015 and 2019; tags were detected with 23 passive acoustic receivers deployed in the river and delta area and an additional 34 receivers deployed throughout Lake Champlain. Home range analysis using a lattice‐based density estimator indicated that juvenile home range sizes were the same as adult home range sizes in spring and summer but were statistically larger than adult home ranges in winter. Cumulative home range analysis showed that juvenile and adult home ranges overlapped in shallow (<10‐m) water in the summer and fall. In winter and spring, cumulative home ranges from juveniles included deepwater sites (>25 m), while adults remained in shallow water near the mouth of their spawning river. Seven juveniles made long‐range movements (18–34 km) during the winter and spring months, and 13 juveniles moved back into the lower section of their natal river after overwintering in Lake Champlain. This study is the first to directly compare adult and juvenile Lake Sturgeon distribution, home range size, movements, and habitat use in a large lake system and provides a baseline for further research on the movement ecology of Lake Sturgeon in Lake Champlain.
Conservation psychology and the legacy of Carol Saunders for zoo and aquarium programs, networks, practices, and exhibits
Authors: Grajal Alejandro , Becker David , Luebke Jerry F. , Vernon Cynthia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConservation Psychology created a dialog between environmental conservation and behavioral sciences. With an outsized influence by Dr. Carol Saunders, it started at Brookfield Zoo in Chicago exploring questions about the impacts of a zoo visit, and particularly how human behavior influences environmental outcomes for our planet. Here we explore how Conservation Psychology influenced the development of programs, exhibits and communities of practice at Brookfield Zoo and elsewhere in the zoo and aquarium world, and how eventually these applications changed the way modern zoos and aquariums operate. We present testimonials and review a handful of examples in which Conservation Psychology led to tangible programs, practices and wide professional networks at zoos and aquariums. These include an exploration of the future of zoos with George Rabb, followed by the legacy of nature play and the groundbreaking Hamill Family Play Zoo. Furthermore, we discuss how visitor studies at zoos and aquariums were influenced by Conservation Psychology, including the development of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Social Science Research and Evaluation Scientific Advisory Group and two climate change education networks. We end with the development of tools, practices, and professional networks to explore empathy for animals. Most of these programs were envisioned or facilitated by Dr. Saunders, who was always a role model with an impact and a legacy that lives on.
Practice and Energy Demand
Authors: Butler Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces practice theory-inspired energy demand research focusing on key concepts and insights that speak to issues of inequality. The discussion explicates core ideas that have relevance in this respect, while also engaging with existing works that have sought to address questions of inequality from within practice-based energy research. The chapter then examines an important frontier in practice theory-inspired energy research of key relevance, I argue, for energy poverty—that of invisible energy policy. Finally, I move to draw together the different conceptual threads that have been laid out through the book thus far and raise key questions that emerge for analysis of energy poverty.
Conclusions: Reconceptualising Energy Poverty and Practice
Authors: Butler Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis concluding chapter discusses the key contributions of the book reflecting on the insights produced through the analysis and the wider implications for research, policy, and practice. The significance of the analysis for energy poverty research is discussed, as is the relevance for practice theory-based scholarship on energy. Discussion reflects on the use of the capabilities approach within the analysis and how ideas about invisible energy policy and the constitution of need can be important for understanding energy poverty, but also explores the potential for bringing inequality more firmly into practice theory-based analyses.
A Kantian Argument Against Using Animals
Authors: Müller Nico Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter illustrates how Kantianism for Animals can be used creatively by presenting a novel argument against animal use. Traditional ‘abolitionist’ arguments in animal ethics have focused on showing that animal use has objectionable consequences (such as disutility or rights violations) or objectionable preconditions (such as the property status of animals under the law). Kantianism for Animals enables another type of moral criticism focused on the ends we ought to endorse. Our beneficence to animals should only be limited by other moral duties to self and others, not by self-interest. The chapter discusses the implications of this argument and how it differs from received arguments.
b → cτ$$ \overline{\nu} $$e,μ contributions to R(D(*))
Authors: Bressler Shikma , De Vito Halevy Federico , Nir Yosef 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The R(D(*)) puzzle stands for a ~ 3σ violation of lepton flavor universality between the decay rates of B → D(*)τν and B → D(*)ℓν, where ℓ = e, μ. If it is accounted for by new physics, there is no reason in general that the relevant neutrinos are, respectively, ντ and νℓ. We study whether the τ related rate could be enhanced by significant contributions to B → D(*)τνℓ from a class of operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We find the upper bounds from forbidden or rare meson decays imply that the contributions from the lepton flavor violating processes account for no more than about 4% of the required shift. Yet, no fine-tuned flavor alignment is required for the new physics. Searching for the related high-pT process pp → τ±μ∓ can at present put a lower bound on the scale of the lepton flavor violating new physics that is a factor of 2.2 weaker than the bound from meson decays. An exception to our conclusion arises from a specific combination of scalar and tensor SMEFT operators.
Lattice QCD study of inclusive semileptonic decays of heavy mesons
Authors: Gambino Paolo , Hashimoto Shoji , Mächler Sandro , Panero Marco , Sanfilippo Francesco , Simula Silvano , Smecca Antonio , Tantalo Nazario 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present an ab initio study of inclusive semileptonic decays of heavy mesons from lattice QCD. Our approach is based on a recently proposed method, that allows one to address the study of these decays from the analysis of smeared spectral functions extracted from four-point correlators on the lattice, where the smearing is defined in terms of the phase-space integration relevant to the inclusive decays. We present results obtained from gauge-field ensembles from the JLQCD and ETM collaborations, and discuss their relation with theoretical predictions from the operator-product expansion.
Strong Cosmic Censorship and eigenvalue repulsions for rotating de Sitter black holes in higher-dimensions
Authors: Davey Alex , Dias Óscar J. C. , Rodgers Paul , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It has been established that Christodoulou’s formulation of Strong Cosmic Censorship (SCC) is violated by Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes, but holds in four-dimensional Kerr-de Sitter black holes. We show that SCC is also respected by equal angular momenta (cohomogeneity-1) Myers-Perry-de Sitter (MP-dS) in odd d ≥ 5 spacetime dimensions. This suggests that the preservation of SCC in rotating backgrounds might be a universal property of Einstein gravity and not limited to the d = 4 Kerr-dS background. As required to discuss SCC in de Sitter spacetimes, we also study important aspects of the scalar field quasinormal mode (QNM) spectra of MP-dS. In particular, we find eigenvalue repulsions similar to those recently observed in the QNM spectra of asymptotically flat Kerr-Newman black holes. For axisymmetric modes (i.e. with azimuthal quantum number m = 0) there are three distinct families of QNM (de Sitter, photon sphere and near-horizon). However, typically, for non-axisymmetric (m ≠ 0) QNMs, we find that the entire spectra can be described by just two families of QNM (since several overtone sections of the photon sphere and near-horizon families merge). For completeness, we also study the full scalar field QNM spectra of higher-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes.
More on fake GUT
Authors: Ibe Masahiro , Shirai Satoshi , Suzuki Motoo , Watanabe Keiichi , Yanagida Tsutomu T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is remarkable that the matter fields in the Standard Model (SM) are apparently unified into the SU(5) representations. A straightforward explanation of this fact is to embed all the SM gauge groups into a simple group containing SU(5), i.e., the grand unified theory (GUT). Recently, however, a new framework “fake GUT” has been proposed. In this new framework, the apparent matter unification can be explained by a chiral gauge group G, G ⊃ SU(5). We emphasize that the SM matter fields are not necessarily embed- ded into the chiral representations to explain the apparent unification. In this paper, we discuss details of concrete realizations of the fake GUT model. We first study the model based on SU(5) × U(2)H, where SU(3)c in the SM is from SU(5) while SU(2)L× U(1)Y are from the diagonal subgroups of SU(5) × U(2)H. We also extend this model to the one based on a semi-simple group, SU(5) × SU(3)H, so that U(2)H is embedded in SU(3)H. We also show that this framework predicts rather different decay patterns of the proton, compared to the conventional GUT.
On partition functions and phases of scalars in AdS
Authors: Kakkar Astha , Sarkar Swarnendu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the phases of scalar field theories in thermal AdSd+1 spaces for d = 1, 2, 3. The analysis is done for theories with global O(N) symmetry for finite as well as large N. The symmetry-preserving and symmetry-breaking phases are identified as a function of the mass-squared of the scalar field and temperature. On the way we also describe a method for computing one-loop partition function for scalar field on thermal AdSd+1 for arbitrary d that reproduces results known in the literature. The derivation is based on the method of images and uses the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on Euclidean AdS.
Hypernatriämie und Polyurie bei einer Patientin mit Erstdiagnose einer sekundären akuten myeloischen Leukämie
Authors: Aydilek E. , Jäger K. , Xhaxho K. , Akdas R. , Wallbach M. , Wulf G. , Brökers N. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDargestellt wird der Krankheitsverlauf einer 66-jährigen Patientin mit der Erstdiagnose einer akuten myeloischen Leukämie. Als paraneoplastisches Syndrom zeigten sich eine Hypernatriämie sowie Polyurie infolge eines zentralen Diabetes insipidus (CDI), welcher mittels Desmopressingabe kontrolliert werden konnte. Nach Einleitung einer Induktionstherapie kam es im Verlauf nach Beendigung der Desmopressintherapie noch vor Anstieg des Blastenanteils zu einer erneuten Hypernatriämie und Polyurie als Hinweis auf eine primäre Refraktärität.
Smaller intercondylar notch size and smaller ACL volume increase posterior cruciate ligament rupture risk
Authors: van Kuijk K. S. R. , Reijman M. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , Meuffels D. E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about risk factors for sustaining a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture. Identifying risk factors is the first step in preventing a PCL rupture from occurring. The morphology of the knee in patients who ruptured their PCL may differ from that of control patients. The hypothesis was that the intercondylar notch dimensions, 3-D volumes of the intercondylar notch and, the 3-D volumes of both the ACL and the PCL were correlated to the presence of a PCL rupture.

Methods
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 30 patients with a proven PCL rupture were compared to 30 matched control patients with proven intact ACL and PCL. Control patients were selected from patients with knee trauma during sports but without cruciate ligament injury. Patients have been matched for age, height, weight, BMI, and sex. The volumes of the intercondylar notch and both the ACL and PCL were measured on 3D reconstructions. Second, the bicondylar width, the notch width, and the notch width index were measured of all subjects. The relationship between our measurements and the presence of a PCL rupture was analysed.

Results
The results show a significant difference in the volumes of the intercondylar notch and the ACL between patients with a ruptured PCL and control patients. Patients with a PCL rupture have smaller intercondylar notch volumes and smaller ACL volumes. There were no significant differences in the bicondylar width, notch width, and notch width index. In the control patients, a significant correlation between the volume of the PCL and the volume of the ACL was found (0.673, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients with a PCL rupture have smaller intercondylar volumes and smaller ACL volumes when compared to control patients. Second, patients with smaller ACL volumes have smaller PCL volumes. This study shows, for the first time, that there are significant size and volume differences in the shape of the knee between patients with a PCL rupture and control patients.

Level of evidence
IV.
Selective quantification of the 22-kDa isoform of human growth hormone 1 in serum and plasma by immunocapture and LC–MS/MS
Authors: Sleumer Bas , van Faassen Martijn , Vos Michel J. , Bischoff Rainer , Kema Ido P. , van de Merbel Nico C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The human growth hormone GH1 (22 kDa) is a commonly measured biomarker for diagnosis and during treatment of growth disorders, but its quantification by ligand binding assays may be compromised by the occurrence of a number of isoforms. These can interfere in the assays and lead to differences in results between laboratories and potentially even in the treatment of patients. We present an LC–MS/MS method that is able to distinguish the major growth hormone isoform (GH1, 22 kDa) from other isoforms and quantify it without any interference across the clinically relevant concentration range of 0.5 to 50 ng/mL. Analysis involves purification of a 100-µL serum sample by immunocapture using an anti-GH-directed antibody, tryptic digestion, and LC–MS/MS quantification of an isoform-specific signature peptide for GH1 (22 kDa). A tryptic peptide occurring in all GH isoforms is monitored in the same 16-min analytical run as a read-out for total GH. Stable-isotope-labeled forms of these two peptides are included as internal standards. Full validation of the method according to recent guidelines, against a recombinant form of the analyte in rat plasma calibrators, demonstrated intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision below 6% across the calibration range for both signature peptides and recoveries between 94 and 102%. An excellent correlation was found between nominal and measured concentrations of the WHO reference standard for GH1 (22 kDa). Addition of up to 1000 ng/mL biotin or the presence of a 100-fold excess of GH binding protein did not affect the measurement. Equivalent method performance was found for analysis of GH in serum, EDTA, and heparin plasma. Analyte stability was demonstrated during all normal sample storage conditions. Comparison with the IDS-iSYS GH immunoassay showed a good correlation with the LC–MS/MS method for the isoform-specific signature peptide, but a significant positive bias was observed for the LC–MS/MS results of the peptide representing total GH. This seems to confirm the actual occurrence of other GH isoforms in serum. Finally, in serum from pregnant individuals, no quantifiable GH1 (22 kDa) was found, but relatively high concentrations of total GH.
Graphical abstract
Cropping System Diversification Influences Soil Microbial Diversity in Subtropical Dryland Farming Systems
Authors: Williams Alwyn , Birt Henry W. G. , Raghavendra Anil , Dennis Paul G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Conventional dryland cropping systems are characterised by low crop diversity and frequent fallows. This has significant impacts on soil microbes that underpin soil function. Diversifying crop rotations can potentially counter these effects; however, limited data exists on the impacts of diversified crop rotations on soil microbes in drylands. Using phylogenetic marker gene sequencing, we characterised soil microbial diversity in conventional and diversified dryland crop rotations in subtropical Australia. This included winter and summer dominant rotations. Conventional systems were cereal-dominant with a crop-fallow rotation. Diversified systems included greater crop diversity, double crops, cover crops, and a multi-year ley pasture. In summer rotations with increased crop diversity and cover crops, bacterial and fungal richness increased, and distinct communities were formed compared to fallow land. Often, these community shifts were associated with greater soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen. All winter rotations had distinct fungal communities and ley pasture resulted in greater fungal diversity compared to other rotations. No effects of the winter rotations were evident on bacterial communities. Our results show that diversification of dryland crop rotations leads to significant shifts in soil microbial communities in both winter and summer cropping systems. Both summer and winter rotations incorporating cover crops and ley pasture had greater soil respiration and nitrogen, indicating increases in soil fertility. These rotations may offer an alternative to conventional crop-fallow rotations to counter ongoing declines in soil health.
Convergence of monosynaptic inputs from neurons in the brainstem and forebrain on parabrachial neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
Authors: Kirouac Gilbert J. , Li Sa , Li Shuanghong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) projects to areas of the forebrain involved in regulating behavior. Homeostatic challenges and salient cues activate the PVT and evidence shows that the PVT regulates appetitive and aversive responses. The brainstem is a source of afferents to the PVT and the present study was done to determine if the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) is a relay for inputs to the PVT. Retrograde tracing experiments with cholera toxin B (CTB) demonstrate that the LPB contains more PVT projecting neurons than other regions of the brainstem including the catecholamine cell groups. The hypothesis that the LPB is a relay for signals to the PVT was assessed using an intersectional monosynaptic rabies tracing approach. Sources of inputs to LPB included the reticular formation; periaqueductal gray (PAG); nucleus cuneiformis; and superior and inferior colliculi. Distinctive clusters of input cells to LPB-PVT projecting neurons were also found in the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTDL) and the lateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeL). Anterograde viral tracing demonstrates that LPB-PVT neurons densely innervate all regions of the PVT in addition to providing collateral innervation to the preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, zona incerta and PAG but not the BSTDL and CeL. The paper discusses the anatomical evidence that suggests that the PVT is part of a network of interconnected neurons involved in arousal, homeostasis, and the regulation of behavioral states with forebrain regions potentially providing descending modulation or gating of signals relayed from the LPB to the PVT.
The prognostic role of the immunohistochemical expression of S100 in meningiomas
Authors: Behling Felix , Fodi Christina , Skardelly Marco , Paulsen Frank , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Honegger Jürgen , Tatagiba Marcos , Schittenhelm Jens 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite best clinical management, meningioma patients experience tumor recurrence. Efforts have been made to improve the prognostic stratification of meningiomas. Recently, a multi-faceted molecular classification suggested that the marker S100 is associated with a favorable outcome, making a further analysis in a larger cohort interesting.

Materials and methods
The immunohistochemical staining for S100 was analyzed in 1669 paraffin-embedded meningioma samples. The distribution and association with clinical data and progression-free survival via radiographic tumor recurrence were assessed.

Results
Of 1669 cases, 218 tumors showed strong S100 expression (13.1%). A significantly higher frequency of S100 positive meningiomas was observed in meningiomas of female patients, tumors with spinal and convexity/falx location, primary tumor surgery, NF2, higher extent of resection, lower WHO CNS grade, adjuvant radiotherapy and recurrence-free tumors during follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed a favorable progression-free survival for meningiomas with S100 expression (p = 0.0059) but not in the multivariate analysis. Higher S100 frequency was independently associated with female gender (p = 0.0003), NF2 (p < 0.0001), tumor location (p < 0.0001) and lower WHO CNS grade (p = 0.0133).

Conclusions
The positive prognostic impact of S100 is mostly attributed to the confounding clinical factors gender, tumor location, NF2 status and WHO CNS grade.