bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Indicators for Appropriate Antibiotic Prescribing in Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Vazouras Konstantinos , Jackson Charlotte , Folgori Laura , Anastasiou-Katsiardani Anastasia , Hsia Yingfen , Basmaci Romain 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to define a set of urinary tract infections (UTIs)-specific quality indicators for appropriate prescribing in children and evaluate clinical practices in a district general hospital in Greece.
Methods
The UTIs-specific quality indicators were informed by a review of the existing literature. Quality indicators were selected to describe the overall antibiotics use, prescribing patterns and UTIs clinical management regarding treatment and prophylaxis in a cohort of children admitted with a UTI. Microbiological, clinical and prescribing data about dosing, duration and route of administration were collected from the patients’ electronic health records.
Results
Twelve quality indicators were adapted or developed for prescribing in childhood UTIs. A broad variety of antibiotics were prescribed for UTIs, with a drug utilization (DU) 90% rate of 6 and 9 different antibiotics for febrile and afebrile UTIs, respectively. Despite the low incidence of multi-drug resistant UTIs in the study period (9/261, 3.4%), broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed in 33.5% (164/490) of prescriptions. A total of 62.8% (164/261) of patients were started on empiric combined therapies, while opportunities to de-escalate were missed in 37.8% (62/164) of them. One quarter (67/261, 25.7%) of patients did not fulfil the criteria for receiving treatment, while nearly half of those prescribed prophylaxis (82/175, 46.9%) could have avoided having a prophylaxis prescription.
Conclusions
Our study identified substantial gaps for improvement in antimicrobial prescribing for UTIs in children. The application of the proposed quality indicators could help to limit unnecessary antibiotics use in children with UTI.
Novel Privacy Considerations for Large Scale Proteomics
Authors: Hill Andrew C. , Litkowski Elizabeth M. , Manichaikul Ani , Yu Bing , Gorbet Betty A. , Lange Leslie , Pratte Katherine A. , Kechris Katerina J. , DeCamp Matthew , Coors Marilyn , Ortega Victor E. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Gerzsten Robert E. , Clish Clary B. , Curtis Jeffrey , Hu Xiaowei , Ngo Debby , O'Neal Wanda K. , Meyers Deborah , Bleecker Eugene , Hobbs Brian D. , Cho Michael H. , Banaei-Kashani Farnoush , Guo Claire , Bowler Russell 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Privacy protection is a core principle of genomic but not proteomic research. We identified independent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) quantitative trait loci (pQTL) from COPDGene and Jackson Heart Study (JHS), calculated continuous protein level genotype probabilities, and then applied a naïve Bayesian approach to match proteomes to genomes for 2,812 independent subjects from COPDGene, JHS, SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We were able to correctly match 90%-95% of proteomes to their correct genome and for 95%-99% we could match the proteome to the 1% most likely genome. The accuracy of matching in subjects with African ancestry was lower (~ 60%) unless training included diverse subjects. With larger profiling (SomaScan 5K) in the Atherosclerosis Risk Communities (ARIC) correct identification was > 99% even in mixed ancestry populations. When serial proteomes are available, the matching algorithm can be used to identify and correct mislabeled samples. This work also demonstrates the importance of including diverse populations in omics research and that large proteomic datasets (> 1,000 proteins) can be accurately linked to a specific genome through pQTL knowledge and should not be considered unidentifiable.
Modeling and Investigation of Minimum Chip Thickness for Silicon Carbide during Quasi-intermittent Vibration Assisted Swing Cutting
Authors: Guo Mingqi , Mingming Lu , Lin Jieqiong , Qiang Gao , Du Yongsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In micromachining, the Quasi-intermittent Vibration-assisted Swing Cutting technology alleviates the residual height problem of vibration-assisted machining, and inherits the intermittent machining characteristics of Elliptical Vibration-assisted Cutting (EVC). The minimum chip thickness has a significant impact on cutting forces, tool wear, and process stability when working with difficult-to-machine materials. This study thoroughly examines the impact of cutting parameters and tool parameters on the quality of the workpiece during machining in order to better understand the time-varying characteristics of the QVASC machining process and the size effect on micro cutting of SiC crystal. This paper created the minimum chip thickness prediction model suited for QVASC machining process. The effects of variables like cutting speed and tool inclination on the minimum chip thickness were discussed as well as the scribing tests that were conducted on such challenging materials as SiC. The research findings show that: during the machining process, the critical undeformed chip thickness of silicon carbide decreases continuously as the cutting velocity sequentially increases (1.51 mm/min, 1.88 mm/min, 2.26 mm/min); under the down inclination angle (0–10°), the critical undeformed chip thickness also continuously decreases. Some conclusion can be drawn that cutting at too fast a velocity and reduces the thickness of the instantaneous undeformed chip, which is not conducive to ductile removal.
Comparing log file to measurement-based patient-specific quality assurance
Authors: Chan Li Ting , Tan Yun Inn , Tan Poh Wee , Leong Yuh Fun , Khor Jong Shin , Teh Mun Woan , Cruz Joan Faith Loria , Baggarley Sháun Peter , Ooi Kiat Huat , Leong Yiat Horng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Recent technological advances have allowed the possibility of performing patient-specific quality assurance (QA) without time-intensive measurements. The objectives of this study are to: 1) compare how well the log file-based Mobius QA system agrees with measurement-based QA methods (ArcCHECK and portal dosimetry, PD) in passing and failing plans, and; 2) evaluate their error sensitivities. To these ends, ten phantom plans and 100 patient plans were measured with ArcCHECK and PD on VitalBeam, while log files were sent to Mobius for dose recalculation. Gamma evaluation was performed using criteria 3%/2 mm, per TG218 recommendations, and non-inferiority of the Mobius recalculation was determined with statistical testing. Ten random plans were edited to include systematic errors, then subjected to QA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to compare error sensitivities across the QA systems, and clinical significance of the errors was determined by recalculating dose to patients. We found no significant difference between Mobius, ArcCHECK, and PD in passing plans at the TG218 action limit. Mobius showed good sensitivity to collimator and gantry errors but not MLC bank shift errors, but could flag discrepancies in treatment delivery. Systematic errors were clinically significant only at large magnitudes; such unacceptable plans did not pass QA checks at the TG218 tolerance limit. Our results show that Mobius is not inferior to existing measurement-based QA systems, and can supplement existing QA practice by detecting real-time delivery discrepancies. However, it is still important to maintain rigorous routine machine QA to ensure reliability of machine log files.
AFLPs and existence of hybrids that confuse species boundaries between the lesser known African taxa in Solanum Merolloids section (Solanaceae)
Authors: Manoko Mkabwa Lawrence Katambo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This study was designed to assess whether or not existed interspecific hybrids that confused the taxonomy of African section Solanum species. Hybridization is one of the factors that blur boundary between closely related species. It is an indication that there is semi-permeable boundary between them through which genes are flowing across. In the African species of section Solanum it has been hypothesized that interspecific hybridization is one of the factors complicates the delimitation of species though this claim has never been examined systematically. One group of taxa with complicated taxonomy is the lesser known Bitter species; Solanum tarderemotum and S. florulentum all described from Tanzania. Through history the two taxa have been considered separate species, different species mixed with hybrids and recently the boundary of S. tarderemotum has been expanded to also cover S. florulentum and materials that have been hypothesized to be hybrids. DNA was isolated from sixty-three individuals from 22 accessions and two AFLP primer combinations; EcoRI + AAC/MseI + CAC and EcoRI + ACC/MseI + CAT. Clustering were constructed using PAST software. Five clusters were generated, S. tarderemotum sensu stricto and S. florulentum sensu stricto, fell in different clusters sharing only 41% of their total number of polymorphic bands. The other three clusters were of intermediary forms but sharing larger number of polymorphic bands with S. tarderemotum and S. florulentum than 41%. This observation indicates that the intermediary forms are real hybrids and S. tarderemotum and S. florulentum are good separate species thus should not be fused between them and with their hybrids.
Latent Profile Analysis of Work–Family Balance Among Chinese Clinical Nurses
Authors: Gao XiaoLei , Zhao Tong , Huang Guang-Biao , Wang LiNa , YH Qiu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Nursing is a high-pressure job in China, where the employment ratio is lower than the global level. In China, most nurses are female and need to reconcile professional demands with family responsibilities. Therefore, providing the support necessary to maintain a work–family balance is essential for reducing pressure and promoting better engagement in nursing work.
Methods
This study conducts a latent profile analysis to identify diversity in work–family balance in the nursing profession in China. Latent profile analysis can identify clusters of individuals with different qualities; in this case, the study is person-centered rather than variable-centered.
Results
This study classifies the types of work–family balance in nurses and identifies the influencing factors between different profiles. More specifically, by analyzing gains and strains in 451 clinical nurses (93.32% female and 6.65% male) in China, this study identifies three levels of the work–family balance: unbalanced, barely-balanced, and balanced. The three-profile model is the optimal profile model for work–family balance classification and further analysis. Results indicate that age, department, length of service, and dual-earner couples are important factors affecting the family balance patterns.
Conclusions
Based on these profiles, it is recommended that hospital managers take action to improve nurses’ work–family balance, thereby improving their job well-being and enhancing their work motivation.
Radon and Thoron Exhalation Rate in the soil of Western Haryana, India
Authors: Rani Shakuntala , Kundu Rajender Singh , Garg Vinod Kumar , Singh Balvinder , Panghal Amanjeet , Dilbaghi Neeraj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study, reports the exhalation rates of radon and thoron from surface soil collected from 60 rural sites of district Hisar, Haryana, India. The exhalation rates of Rn222 (Radon)& Rn220(Thoron) were measured by portable SMART RnDuo (AQTEK SYSTEMS) using a mass accumulation chamber which is equipped with a scintillation material coated cell. Dose rate due to Natural gamma radiations ranged 0.526 to 1.139 mSv y− 1. The Rn222mass exhalation rate in soil samples varied from 0.14 to 94.65 mBq kg− 1 h− 1. Thoron surface exhalation rates ranged 46.42 to 619.88 mBq m− 2 h− 1. This study give an idea about the differences in Rn222 & Rn220 exhalation at different locations which may be due to variations in geological structure of the locations and characteristics of the top soil.The findings show that using soil of the study area as building material is safe.
Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults residing in senior care facilities of Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Jawad , Zakar Rubeena , Ali Mohammad Vaqas , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Sajjad Amal , Fischer Florian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the effects of relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services along with socio-demographic characteristics on physical, psychological, and social well-being of older residents living in senior care facilities of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods
Data were collected from 270 older residents living in 18 senior care facilities across 11 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The scales used in the study were assessed for their construct validity, convergence validity, and internal consistency. Three separate multiple regression analyses were carried out to predict physical, psychological, and social well-being of residents from socio-demographic variables, relocation autonomy, loneliness, and satisfaction with services.
Results
The results of multiple regression analyses showed that the models predicting physical (R2 = 0.579), psychological (R2 = 0.654), and social well-being (R2 = 0.615) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Number of visitors was a significant predictor of physical (b = 0.82, p = 0.01), psychological (b = 0.80, p < 0.001), and social (b = 2.40, p < 0.001) well-being. Loneliness significantly predicted physical (b=-0.14, p = 0.005), psychological (b=- 0.19, p < 0.001), and social (b=- 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Control over relocation process significantly predicted physical (b = 0.56, p < 0.001) and psychological (b = 0.36, p < 0.001) well-being. Satisfaction with services significantly predicted physical (b = 0.07, p < 0.001) and social (b = 0.08, p < 0.001) well-being.
Conclusion
Pragmatic, equitable and cost-effective interventions are needed to improve the wellbeing of older residents living in senior care facilities. Friendly behavior of mobilizing staff and adjusted residents to facilitate new residents, therapeutic interventions such as relocation support programs, reminiscence therapy and intergenerational support, and increasing their exposure and connection to the outside world, can raise their physical, psychological, and social well-being.
An intersectional analysis of diverse professional perspectives on collaborating with caregivers: Empirical Research - Qualitative
Authors: Hengelaar Aldiene Henrieke , Hartingsveldt Marg van , Abma Tineke , Verdonk Petra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aim
The provision of informal care occurs within larger care networks that involves collaboration with different professionals. This study aims to explore professionals’ perspectives on and experiences in collaboration with caregivers with a migration background in care networks around care recipients with acquired brain injury.
Methodology
An intersectionality informed qualitative design was used, between 2019 and 2021, with informal conversations (N = 12) and semi-structured interviews (N = 17), to gain insight in how professionals’ perspectives are framed and shaped by aspects of diversity, as well as situational and contextual factors. Two critical friends were involved in either the thematic or the secondary intersectionality informed analysis which was substantiated by a participatory analysis in a community of practice.
Results
We identified four interrelated themes: (a) “The difficult Other” in which professionals reflected on caregivers and care-recipients with a migration background causing ‘difficulties’; (b) “The dependent Other” refers to professionals’ realization that ‘difficulties’ are intensified by the context in which care takes place; (c) in “The uncomfortable self” professionals describe how feelings of insecurities evoked by the Other are associated with an inability to act ‘professionally’, and; (d) “The reflexive self” shows how some professionals reflect on their own identities and identify their blind spots in collaboration within a care network.
Conclusion
These interrelated themes offer an explanation of evidenced health inequalities in diverse networks and a pathway to unsettle the Self-Other binary. We conclude there is a need for educational curricula and professionals to invest in the integration of such reflexive practices to ensure health equalities for all.
Impact
The integration of reflexive practices in healthcare curricula is needed as diversity responsive care requires a critical investigation of oneself as professional.
Public Contribution
Caregivers, patients with acquired brain injury and different healthcare professionals were involved in the study design and interpretation of the data.
Investigation on variation characteristics of bent tube axis and determination of bending die motion trajectory in free bending process
Authors: Cheng Zonghui , Li Shaoxin , Cheng Cheng , Guo Xunzhong , Shi Yuanji , Shu Song 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In free bending process, the axis shape of bent tube is determined by the motion path of bending die. The bent tubes with different bending radii and bending directions can be integrally formed at one time by continuously adjusting the position and posture of die. To accurately form the pre-designed bent tube, the formation mechanism of bending arc of tube in free bending process was analyzed. The mathematical model between bending radius and deflection was established and the moving direction of bending die was also determined according to the plane space azimuth where the bending arc segment is located. The formation process of transition segments with variable curvature and variable bending direction is illustrated during the movement of bending die and the influence law of transition segment on the axis shape was also explored. By comparing the axis deviation of experimental and simulate bent tubes, the length of transition segment and the moving path of bending die can be optimized. Finally, the applicability of free bending forming technology in forming bent tubes with different shape features was verified by conducting the free bending experiments on bent tubes with three typical shapes. Due to the high flexibility of free bending forming technology, the work in this paper could promote the engineering application of this technology in the precise control of axis shape of bent tube.
Contrastive learning-based pretraining improves representation and transferability of diabetic retinopathy classification models
Authors: Alam Minhaj Nur , Yamashita Rikiya , Ramesh Vignav , Prabhune Tejas , Lim Jennifer I. , Chan Robison Vernon Paul , Hallak Joelle , Leng Theodore , Rubin Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) based pretraining allows enhanced data representation, therefore, the development of robust and generalized deep learning (DL) models, even with small, labeled datasets. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of CL based pretraining on the performance of referable vs non referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) classification. We have developed a CL based framework with neural style transfer (NST) augmentation to produce models with better representations and initializations for the detection of DR in color fundus images. We compare our CL pretrained model performance with two state of the art baseline models pretrained with Imagenet weights. We further investigate the model performance with reduced labeled training data (down to 10 percent) to test the robustness of the model when trained with small, labeled datasets. The model is trained and validated on the EyePACS dataset and tested independently on clinical datasets from the University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC). Compared to baseline models, our CL pretrained FundusNet model had higher AUC (CI) values (0.91 (0.898 to 0.930) vs 0.80 (0.783 to 0.820) and 0.83 (0.801 to 0.853) on UIC data). At 10 percent labeled training data, the FundusNet AUC was 0.81 (0.78 to 0.84) vs 0.58 (0.56 to 0.64) and 0.63 (0.60 to 0.66) in baseline models, when tested on the UIC dataset. CL based pretraining with NST significantly improves DL classification performance, helps the model generalize well (transferable from EyePACS to UIC data), and allows training with small, annotated datasets, therefore reducing ground truth annotation burden of the clinicians.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Spatiotemporal Mapping of Atypical p38 Reveals an Endosomal and Cytosolic Spatial Bias
Authors: Burton Jeremy , Okalova Jennifer , Grimsey Neil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is a central regulator of intracellular signaling, driving physiological and pathological pathways. With over 150 downstream targets, it is predicted that spatial positioning and the availability of cofactors and substrates determines kinase signaling specificity. The subcellular localization of p38 is highly dynamic to facilitate the selective activation of spatially restricted substrates. However, the spatial dynamics of atypical p38 inflammatory signaling are understudied. We developed spatially targeted fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors to track p38 activity with subcellular resolution. Through comparative analysis of plasma membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and endosomal compartments, we confirm a characteristic profile of nuclear bias for mitogen-activated kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6) dependent p38 activation. Conversely, atypical p38 activation via thrombin-mediated protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) activity led to the sequestration of p38 at the endosome and cytosol, limiting nuclear translocation, a profile conserved for prostaglandin E2 activation of p38. Conversely, perturbation of receptor endocytosis led to spatiotemporal switching of thrombin signaling, reducing endosomal and cytosolic p38 activation and increasing nuclear activity. The data presented reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of p38 activity and provide critical insight into how atypical p38 signaling drives differential signaling responses through spatial sequestration of kinase activity.
Experiences and opinions of Baby-Led Weaning by healthcare professionals: A qualitative study.
Authors: Fernández-Medina Isabel María , Márquez-Díaz Rita Rocío , Arcas-Rueda Marina , Ruíz-Fernández María Dolores , Ortíz-Amo Rocío , Ventura-Miranda María Isabel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to describe and understand the experiences and opinions of pediatricians and pediatric nurse specialists of the implementation of the Baby-led Weaning (BLW) approach.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was carried out. A focus group and thirteen face-to-face interviews were conducted between February and May 2022. All were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the help of a qualitative data analysis software.
Results
From the data, two themes emerged: 1. BLW as an ideal method of introducing solid food, with the subthemes: ‘a natural method of introducing complementary feeding’ and ‘BLW is a safe method’; 2. Perceived barriers to the implementation of the BLW method, with the subthemes: ‘a lack of BLW training prevents the best practice’ and ‘the influence of family and social context on parents’.
Conclusions
BLW is a natural and safe method to introducing complementary feeding. The lack of training of healthcare professionals and the influence of family social context on parents may limit the implementation of BLW.