bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Natural Populations in Quebec Cranberry Bogs and Identification Using rDNA ITS-2 Sequence Analysis
Authors: Labarre D , Drolet I , Légaré J -P , Breton M , Cormier D , Lucas E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The province of Quebec, Canada is the most important organic cranberry growing region worldwide. However, insect pest management methods are limited, and growers face significant yield loss each year, mostly caused by lepidopteran pests. Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are effective biocontrol agents of lepidopteran pests in many forests and agricultural systems. Herein, a two-year, large-scale population survey of Trichogramma spp. was performed using Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as sentinel eggs in Quebec organic cranberry bogs. Collected specimens were identified by sequencing ribosomal DNA of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) region and subjected to resemblance analysis with reference specimens for identification. Our results confirm that at least four Trichogramma species naturally occur in the studied agroecosystem. Those species are T. brassicae Bezdenko, T. minutum Riley, T. ostriniae (Pang et Chen), and T. pretiosum Riley. While some species have already been reported in cranberry bogs, this represents the first mention of T. brassicae and T. ostriniae as well as the first mention of T. minutum in Quebec cranberry bogs. All species collected are native from Eastern Canada except T. ostriniae. These species can be considered as biocontrol agent candidates for cranberry lepidopteran pests, but further efficacy trials are needed to identify the best species for each pest.
High energy millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations in 1A 0535 + 262 with Insight-HXMT challenge current models
Authors: Ma Ruican , Tao Lian , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Ji Long , Zhang Liang , Bu Qingcui , Qu Jinlu , Reig Pablo , Méndez Mariano , Wang Yanan , Ma Xiang , Huang Yue , Ge Mingyu , Song Liming , Zhang Shu , Liu Hexin , Wang Pengju , Kong Lingda , Ren Xiaoqin , Zhao Shujie , Yu Wei , Yang Zixu , Li Panping , Jia Shumei 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We studied the millihertz quasi-periodic oscillation (mHz QPO) in the 2020 outburst of the Be/X-ray binary 1A 0535 + 262 using Insight-HXMT data over a broad energy band. The mHz QPO is detected in the 27–120 keV energy band. The QPO centroid frequency is correlated with the source flux and evolves in the 35–95 mHz range during the outburst. The QPO is most significant in the 50–65 keV band, with a significance of ∼8σ, but is hardly detectable (&lt;2σ) in the lowest (1–27 keV) and highest (&gt;120 keV) energy bands. Notably, the detection of mHz QPO above 80 keV is the highest energy at which mHz QPOs have been detected so far. The fractional rms of the mHz QPO first increases and then decreases with energy, reaching the maximum amplitude at 50–65 keV. In addition, at the peak of the outburst, the mHz QPO shows a double-peak structure, with the difference between the two peaks being constant at ∼0.02 Hz, twice the spin frequency of the neutron star in this system. We discuss different scenarios explaining the generation of the mHz QPO, including the beat frequency model, the Keplerian frequency model, the model of two jets in opposite directions, and the precession of the neutron star, but find that none of them can explain the origin of the QPO well. We conclude that the variability of non-thermal radiation may account for the mHz QPO, but further theoretical studies are needed to reveal the physical mechanism.
Hot exozodis: cometary supply without trapping is unlikely to be the mechanism
Authors: Pearce Tim D , Kirchschlager Florian , Rouillé Gaël , Ertel Steve , Bensberg Alexander , Krivov Alexander V , Booth Mark , Wolf Sebastian , Augereau Jean-Charles 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Excess near-infrared emission is detected around one fifth of main-sequence stars, but its nature is a mystery. These excesses are interpreted as thermal emission from populations of small, hot dust very close to their stars (‘hot exozodis’), but such grains should rapidly sublimate or be blown out of the system. To date, no model has fully explained this phenomenon. One mechanism commonly suggested in the literature is cometary supply, where star-grazing comets deposit dust close to the star, replenishing losses from grain sublimation and blowout. However, we show that this mechanism alone is very unlikely to be responsible for hot exozodis. We model the trajectory and size evolution of dust grains released by star-grazing comets, to establish the dust and comet properties required to reproduce hot-exozodi observations. We find that cometary supply alone can only reproduce observations if dust ejecta has an extremely steep size distribution upon release, and the dust-deposition rate is extraordinarily high. These requirements strongly contradict our current understanding of cometary dust and planetary systems. Cometary supply is therefore unlikely to be solely responsible for hot exozodis, so may need to be combined with some dust-trapping mechanism (such as gas or magnetic trapping) if it is to reproduce observations.
Galactic halo bubble magnetic fields and UHECR deflections
Authors: Shaw Vasundhara , van Vliet Arjen , Taylor Andrew M 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We consider the synchrotron emission from electrons out in the Galactic halo bubble region where the Fermi bubble structures reside. Utilizing a simple analytical expression for the non-thermal electron distribution and a toy magnetic field model, we simulate polarized synchrotron emission maps at a frequency of 30 GHz. Comparing these maps with the observational data, we obtain constraints on the parameters of our toy Galactic halo bubble magnetic field model. Utilizing this parameter value range for the toy magnetic field model, we determine the corresponding range of arrival directions and suppression factors of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) from potential local source locations. We find that high levels of flux suppression (down to 2 per cent) and large deflection angles (≥80°) are possible for source locations whose line of sight pass through the Galactic halo bubble region. We conclude that the magnetic field out in the Galactic halo bubble region can strongly dominate the level of deflection UHECRs experience whilst propagating from local sources to Earth.
High-resolution ALMA and HST imaging of κCrB: a broad debris disc around a post-main-sequence star with low-mass companions
Authors: Lovell J B , Wyatt M C , Kalas P , Kennedy G M , Marino S , Bonsor A , Penoyre Z , Fulton B J , Pawellek N 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
$\kappa \,$ CrB is an ∼2.5 Gyr old K1 sub-giant star, with an eccentric exo-Jupiter at ∼2.8 au and a debris disc at tens of au. We present ALMA (Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array) Band 6 (1.3 mm) and Hubble Space Telescope scattered light (0.6$\, \mu$m) images, demonstrating $\kappa \,$CrB’s broad debris disc, covering an extent $50\!-\!180\,$au in the millimetre (peaking at 110 au), and $51\!-\!280\,$au in scattered light (peaking at 73 au). By modelling the millimetre emission, we estimate the dust mass as ${\sim }0.016\, {\rm M}_\oplus$, and constrain lower-limit planetesimal sizes as $D_{\rm {max}}{\gtrsim }1\,$km and the planetesimal belt mass as $M_{\rm {disc}}{\gtrsim }1\, {\rm M}_\oplus$. We constrain the properties of an outer body causing a linear trend in 17 yr of radial velocity data to have a semimajor axis 8–66 au and a mass $0.4\!-\!120\, M_{\rm {Jup}}$. There is a large inner cavity seen in the millimetre emission, which we show is consistent with carving by such an outer massive companion with a string of lower mass planets. Our scattered light modelling shows that the dust must have a high anisotropic scattering factor (g ∼ 0.8–0.9) but an inclination (i ∼ 30°–40°) that is inferred to be significantly lower than the i ∼ 61° millimetre inclination. The origin of such a discrepancy is unclear, but could be caused by a misalignment in the micrometre- and millimetre-sized dust. We place an upper limit on the CO gas mass of $M_{\rm {CO}}{\lt }(4.2\!-\!13) \times 10^{-7}\, {\rm M}_\oplus$, and show this to be consistent with levels expected from planetesimal collisions, or from CO-ice sublimation as $\kappa \,$CrB begins its giant branch ascent.
The three-dimensional structure of galactic molecular cloud complexes out to 2.5 kpc
Authors: Dharmawardena T E , Bailer-Jones C A L , Fouesneau M , Foreman-Mackey D , Coronica P , Colnaghi T , Müller T , Henshaw J 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of Galactic molecular clouds is important for understanding how clouds are affected by processes such as turbulence and magnetic fields and how this structure affects star formation within them. Great progress has been made in this field with the arrival of the Gaia mission, which provides accurate distances to ∼109 stars. Combining these distances with extinctions inferred from optical–infrared, we recover the three-dimensional structure of 16 Galactic molecular cloud complexes at ∼1 pc resolution using our novel three-dimensional dust mapping algorithm dustribution. Using astrodendro, we derive a catalogue of physical parameters for each complex. We recover structures with aspect ratios between 1 and 11, i.e. everything from near-spherical to very elongated shapes. We find a large variation in cloud environments that is not apparent when studying them in two dimensions. For example, the nearby California and Orion A clouds look similar on sky, but we find California to be more sheet-like, and massive, which could explain their different star formation rates. By calculating the total mass of these individual clouds, we demonstrate that it is necessary to define cloud boundaries in three dimensions in order to obtain an accurate mass; simply integrating the extinction overestimates masses. We find that Larson’s relationship on mass versus radius holds true whether you assume a spherical shape for the cloud or take their true extents.
Actinide opacities for modelling the spectra and light curves of kilonovae
Authors: Fontes C J , Fryer C L , Wollaeger R T , Mumpower M R , Sprouse T M 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We extend previous ab initio calculations of lanthanide opacities to include a complete set of actinide opacities for use in the modelling of kilonova (KN) light curves and spectra. Detailed, fine-structure line features are generated using the configuration-interaction approach. These actinide opacities display similar trends to those observed for lanthanide opacities, such as the lighter actinides producing higher opacity than the heavier ones for relevant conditions in the dynamical ejecta. A line-binned treatment is employed to pre-compute opacity tables for 14 actinide elements (89 ≤ Z ≤ 102) over a grid of relevant temperatures and densities. These tabular opacities will be made publicly available for general usage in KN modelling. We demonstrate the usefulness of these opacities in KN simulations by exploring the sensitivity of light curves and spectra to different actinide abundance distributions that are predicted by different nuclear theories, as well as to different choices of ejecta mass and velocity. We find very little sensitivity to the two considered distributions, indicating that opacities for actinides with Z ≥ 99 do not contribute strongly. On the other hand, a single actinide element, protactinium, is found to produce faint spectral features in the far-infrared at late times (5–7 d post merger). More generally, we find that the choice of ejecta mass and velocity have the most significant effect on KN emission for this study.
Molecular mechanism underlying the di-uridylation activity ofArabidopsisTUTase URT1
Authors: Hu Qian , Yang Huiru , Li Mingwei , Zhu Lingru , Lv Mengqi , Li Fudong , Zhang Zhiyong , Ren Guodong , Gong Qingguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, HESO1 and URT1 act cooperatively on unmethylated miRNA and mRNA uridylation to induce their degradation. Their collaboration significantly impacts RNA metabolism in plants. However, the molecular mechanism determining the functional difference and complementarity of these two enzymes remains unclear. We previously solved the three-dimensional structure of URT1 in the absence and presence of UTP. In this study, we further determined the structure of URT1 in complex with a 5′-AAAU-3′ RNA stretch that mimics the post-catalytic state of the mRNA poly(A) tail after the addition of the first uridine. Structural analysis and enzymatic assays revealed that L527 and Y592 endow URT1 with a preference to interact with purine over pyrimidine at the -1 RNA binding position, thus controlling the optimal number of uridine added to the 3′ extremity of poly(A) as two. In addition, we observed that a large-scale conformational rearrangement in URT1 occurs upon binding with RNA from an ‘open’ to a ‘closed’ state. Molecular dynamic simulation supports an open-closed conformational selection mechanism employed by URT1 to interact with RNA substrates and maintain distributive enzymatic activity. Based on the above results, a model regarding the catalytic cycle of URT1 is proposed to explain its di-uridylation activity.
Ribocentre: a database of ribozymes
Authors: Deng Jie , Shi Yaohuang , Peng Xuemei , He Yuanlin , Chen Xiaoxue , Li Mengxiao , Lin Xiaowei , Liao Wenjian , Huang Yuanyin , Jiang Taijiao , Lilley David M J , Miao Zhichao , Huang Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ribozymes are excellent systems in which to study ‘sequence - structure - function’ relationships in RNA molecules. Understanding these relationships may greatly help structural modeling and design of functional RNA structures and some functional structural modules could be repurposed in molecular design. At present, there is no comprehensive database summarising all the natural ribozyme families. We have therefore created Ribocentre, a database that collects together sequence, structure and mechanistic data on 21 ribozyme families. This includes available information on timelines, sequence families, secondary and tertiary structures, catalytic mechanisms, applications of the ribozymes together with key publications. The database is publicly available at https://www.ribocentre.org.
Tourism Histories in Africa
Authors: Pirie Gordon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tourism history in Africa is both a phenomenon and a field of inquiry. Both practices take multiple forms. It is convenient to speak about “tourism development” on the continent, but this creates an impression of a wholly positive and uniform progression of activity detached from the ideas on which it rests and from the data and discourses that give it form. Both the facts and framings of past tourism in Africa need acknowledging. Published histories point to significant episodes in African tourism history, as well as to how tourism was presented and undertaken in the past. There is need to move beyond empiricist and instrumentalist histories of tourism; these are a by-product of research often hosted in management and public policy disciplines. Because the scope and type of African tourism histories that will be possible to write in future depend partly on the baseline tourism research being done at present, a sharpened historical consciousness is required from tourism practitioners and researchers.
Effect of Different Surgical Positions on the Changes in Cerebral Venous Drainage in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Thakkar Keta D. , Sethuraman Manikandan , Praveen C.S. Ranganatha , Vimala Smita , Hrishi P. Ajay Prasad , Prathapadas Unnikrishnan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Some patient positions employed to facilitate neurosurgery can compromise cerebral venous drainage and lead to increased intracranial pressure, intraoperative bleeding, and brain bulge. This study evaluated the impact of different surgical positions on internal jugular vein (IJV) flow as a measure of cerebral venous drainage and on optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as an indirect assessment of intracranial pressure.

Methods:
Ninety patients scheduled for elective primary brain tumor resection surgery were included in 3 groups of 30 each according to the surgical position: supine, prone, or lateral. Bilateral IJV flow was recorded at 3-time points: before the induction of anesthesia in the supine position (T0), 10 minutes after the induction of anesthesia in the supine position (T1), and 10 minutes after final positioning (T2). The ONSD was measured at T1 and T2.

Results:
Mean IJV flow decreased from baseline by 36%, 10% and 38% in the supine, prone and lateral position groups, respectively. Mean IJV flow was 1005.9±463 mL/min versus 634.7±245 mL/min (P=0.036) in Group S, 752.5±384.8 mL/min versus 672.3±391.0 mL/min (P=0.002) in group P, and 831.8±337.4 mL/min versus 514.4±305.3 mL/min (P<0.001) in group L at T0 and T2, respectively. Mean ONSD did not change between T1 and T2 in Groups S and P but increased in group L (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Mean IJV flow decreased from baseline following the final neurosurgical positioning. Ultrasound-guided assessment of IJV flow could be a useful tool to quantify position-related changes in IJV drainage.
Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen is useful for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection in patients with inflammatory diseases
Authors: Xu Hong , Xie Jinwei , Wan Xufeng , Liu Li , Wang Duan , Zhou Zongke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
The screening of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with inflammatory diseases before revision arthroplasty remains uncertain. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can help screening PJI, but their values in patients with inflammatory diseases have not been determined.

Methods:
Patients with inflammatory diseases who underwent revision hip or knee arthroplasty at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from January 2008 to September 2020 were divided into infected and non-infected groups based on the 2013 International Consensus Meeting criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of the tested biomarkers for diagnosing infection were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and optimal cutoffs were determined based on the Youden index. The diagnostic ability of these biomarkers was re-assessed after combining them with each other.

Results:
A total of 62 patients with inflammatory diseases were studied; of them 30 were infected. The area under the ROC curve was 0.813 for CRP, 0.638 for ESR, 0.795 for FIB, and 0.656 for NLR. The optimal predictive cutoff of CRP was 14.04 mg/L with a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 68.7%, while FIB had a sensitivity of 72.4% and a specificity of 81.2% with the optimal predictive cutoff of 4.04 g/L. The combinations of CRP with FIB produced a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 78.1%.

Conclusion:
CRP with a slightly higher predictive cutoff and FIB are useful for screening PJI in patients with inflammatory diseases, and the combination of CRP and FIB may further improve the diagnostic values.

Trial Registration:
ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2000039989
Construction of a 3-mRNA hypoxia prognostic model to evaluate immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jue , Jin Zongrui , Wu Guolin , Deng Zhenfeng , Wang Jilong , Xu Banghao , Zhu Hai , Guo Ya , Wen Zhang 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Hypoxia is a key factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common primary liver cancer with poor prognosis. The current study aimed to identify the potential prognostic biomarkers of the hypoxia-associated gene signature in patients with HCC, and to further explore the relationship between hypoxia and immune infiltration.

Methods:
After the determination of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the HCC transcriptome data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database and hypoxia-related gene set, the prognosis-associated genes were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, the hypoxia prognosis model was established via multivariate Cox regression analysis, with functional annotation conducted using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. CIBERSORT was utilized to analyze the degree of tumor immune invasion, and an International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort to verify the reliability of the prognosis model. Expression levels of hypoxia-associated genes were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in HCC samples.

Results:
3 genes (ENO1, SAP30, and STC2) constructed the hypoxia prognosis model. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups based on median risk score, with a high hypoxic score indicating poor prognosis of HCC. The hypoxia signature could be employed as an independent prognostic factor in HCC. In addition, the proportion of macrophages was higher in the high-risk group.

Conclusion:
The hypoxia-associated signature could be a potential prognostic marker of HCC and provides a different perspective for immunotherapy of HCC.
Correlation between serum β2-microglobulin level and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis
Authors: You Tao , Lin Xiaoyin , Zhang Chunhong , Wang Weilun , Lei Meihong 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Numerous studies have explored whether serum beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG) can be used as a biomarker for monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity, but the results are conflicting. Therefore, we performed a systematic meta-analysis to further investigate the correlation between serum β2-MG level and SLE disease activity.

Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI databases were thoroughly searched for eligible studies through April 2022. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to depict the differences in serum β2-MG levels between groups compared in the studies. The correlation between serum β2-MG level and SLE disease activity was assessed using Fisher z-values.

Results:
Sixteen articles with combined 1368 SLE patients were included in this meta-analysis. Serum β2-MG levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls (pooled standardized mean difference: 3.98, 95% CI: 2.50–5.46, P < .01). In addition, patients with active SLE had an increased serum β2-MG concentration compared to their inactive SLE counterparts. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between serum β2-MG levels and SLE disease activity (pooled Fisher z = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, P < .01).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that patients with SLE have higher serum β2-MG levels than healthy controls and that serum β2-MG levels are positively correlated with SLE disease activity. Thus, serum β2-MG level may be a promising biomarker for monitoring SLE disease activity.
A new mutation c.685G>A:p.E229K in the KCNJ11 gene: A case report of maturity-onset diabetes of the young13
Authors: Song Xinjie , Cao Yonghong , Ye Jun , Dai Wu , Zhang Suwan , Ye Shuai 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an autosomal dominant monogenic diabetes. We report a pair of father and son diagnosed as MODY13 with a new mutation c.685G>A:p.E229K in the inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) gene.

Case presentation:
A pair of father and son was examined after admission to the hospital and a whole exome test performed. Whole exome test showed that there was a mutation c.685G>A:p.E229K in the KCNJ11 gene encoding a potassium channel, KCNJ11.

Conclusions:
The diagnosis of MODY13 requires genetic testing. After confirmation, medication and diet need to be adjusted to control blood glucose. The treatment plan was adjusted. After glimepiride was administered, symptoms of diabetes were effectively improved. According to our knowledge, this is the first reported mutation of c.685G>A:p.E229K in the KCNJ11 gene.