bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Step Thermal Gradient‐ and Antisolvent‐Free Crystallization of All‐Inorganic Perovskites for Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Byranvand Mahdi Malekshahi , Kodalle Tim , Zuo Weiwei , Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa , Abdelsamie Maged , Hong Kootak , Zia Waqas , Perween Shama , Clemens Oliver , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Saliba Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability compared to their heat‐sensitive hybrid organic–inorganic counterparts. In particular, CsPbI2Br shows the highest potential for developing thermally‐stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) among all‐inorganic compositions. However, controlling the crystallinity and morphology of all‐inorganic compositions is a significant challenge. Here, a simple, thermal gradient‐ and antisolvent‐free method is reported to control the crystallization of CsPbI2Br films. Optical in situ characterization is used to investigate the dynamic film formation during spin‐coating and annealing to understand and optimize the evolving film properties. This leads to high‐quality perovskite films with micrometer‐scale grain sizes with a noteworthy performance of 17% (≈16% stabilized), fill factor (FF) of 80.5%, and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.27 V. Moreover, excellent phase and thermal stability are demonstrated even after extreme thermal stressing at 300 °C.
SnO2Nanofibers Network for Cold Cathode Applications in Vacuum Nanoelectronics
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Faella Enver , Pelella Aniello , Kumar Arun , Capista Daniele , Passacantando Maurizio , Kim Sang Sub , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractField‐emission cold cathodes are the key components of vacuum nanoelectronics that offer great advantages over other electron sources based on the thermionic or photoelectric effects. In the effort to realize new electron sources, a systematic investigation of the field emission (FE) properties of SnO2nanofiber networks is performed. High‐purity SnO2nanofibers, confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are prepared by electrospinning technique and then uniformly distributed over Si wafer. Field emission properties are investigated using a nanomanipulated tip‐shaped anode, inside a scanning electron microscope, for fine tuning the anode‐cathode separation distance. A field‐emission current is observed with an applied electric field as low as 25 V μm−1. Performance parameters such as turn‐on field and field enhancement factor are evaluated within the theoretical Fowler–Nordheim framework as a function of the anode–cathode separation distance, demonstrating that a maximum enhancement factor of about 150 is obtained at a separation of 200 nm. The emission from a single nanofiber is characterized by a current saturation at high voltages that can be explained in terms of electron supply limitation within conduction band. No evidence of field emission current contribution by electron tunneling from the valence band is observed in the experimental data.
Eight‐Electron Redox Cyclohexanehexone Anode for High‐Rate High‐Capacity Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Sha , Lin Jiande , Zhang Yimiao , Zhang Shilin , Jiang Tao , Hu Zhongli , Liu Junjie , Wu De‐Yin , Zhang Li , Tian Zhongqun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReplacing inorganic anodes with organic electrode materials is an attractive direction for future green Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Carbonyl compounds are being explored as leading anode candidates for organic LIBs. In particular, cyclohexanehexanone (C6O6), as a perfect structure composed entirely of six CO groups, can theoretically contribute to the most reactive sites and the highest specific capacity, but has not been used as an anode material so far owing to its high solubility in carbonate‐based electrolytes and extremely low electronic conductivity. Herein, C6O6 is first revealed as an ultra‐high capacity and high‐rate anode material through a total eight‐electron redox electrochemical process by effectively constructing an insoluble and highly conductive C6O6‐polymeric binder‐carbon network architecture. Experimental characterizations combined with first‐principles calculations elucidate that CO bonds in C6O6 can be lithiated to Li+ enolate (Li6C6O6) through a reversible six‐Li‐ion electrochemical process and further converted to Li8C6O6 dimers via a reversible two‐electron pseudocapacitive Li+ intercalation reaction. As such, the C6O6 anode shows an ultrahigh capacity of up to 1404 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and an extraordinary high‐rate durability (814 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 5.0 A g−1). A 4.3 V high energy/power density Li‐ion hybrid electrochemical capacitor based on the C6O6 anode is thus derived.
Single and multispecies dual‐purpose cover crop productivity, nutritive value, and profitability
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathon D.Holman , Assefa Yared 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReplacing long fallow periods with dual‐purpose forage cover crops increases productivity and profitability of dryland crop rotations. However, little information is available on specific forage cover crops mixtures that optimizes productivity, nutritive value, and profitability. The objective of this research was to quantify forage productivity, nutritive value, and profitability of spring‐planted single or mixed species cover crops in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow (WSF) crop rotation. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the Kansas State University Hearting Beason Ranch near Brownell, KS. The experimental design was a split‐plot randomized complete block with four replications. The main plots were three crop phases of the WSF rotation (wheat–sorghum–fallow, sorghum–fallow–wheat, and fallow–wheat–sorghum), and subplots were five spring‐planted cover crop treatments: (a) spring oat (Avena sativa L.), (b) spring triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus (Secale × Triticum)], (c) oat and triticale mixture (OT, two‐species mixture), (d) oat, triticale, and pea (Pisum sativum L.) (OTP, three‐species mixture), and (e) oat, triticale, pea, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), turnips (Brassica campestris L.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) (six‐species mixture). Results showed that cover crop forage accumulation was 33–35% greater in sole triticale and OT mixture compared with sole spring oat or cocktail treatments. Multispecies mixtures, cocktail and OTP cover crops, had significantly greater available energy, digestibility, and dry matter intake based on measured crude protein, acid and netural detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility compared with single species (oat or triticale). Net return was US$100 ha–1 greater for the OT treatment compared with the multispecies mixtures. We concluded that greater productivity and net return, along with adequate nutritive value, from sole triticale and OT mixture made them better dual‐purpose forage cover crop alternatives.
Rotating perennial forages into annual wheat cropping systems: Correlations between plant available soil and grain mineral concentrations
Authors: Clemensen Andrea K. , Duke Sara E. , Franco José G. , Grusak Michael A. , Liebig Mark A. , Hendrickson John R. , Archer David W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCorrelations between plant available soil and grain mineral concentrations are often assumed, yet few studies examine these associations. Here, soil and wheat grain samples were analyzed from a semi‐arid dryland cropping study in the northern Great Plains conducted between 2006 and 2011. Continuous spring wheat (fertilized) (Triticum aestivum L; CSW) was compared with wheat following 5 yr of perennial forages of either alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), intermediate wheatgrass (fertilized) (Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey sbsp. Intermedium; IWG), or an alfalfa/intermediate wheatgrass mixture (fertilized; MIX). Wheat performance (yield, 1,000 kernel weight [TKW], and crude protein [CP] concentration), and associations between 11 plant available soil mineral concentrations and 11 wheat grain mineral concentrations were assessed. Wheat following alfalfa had greater yield than all treatments, greater TKW than CSW, greater CP than IWG and CSW, but lower grain Zn concentration than IWG (p ≤ .05). Wheat grain following IWG had greater Fe and Mn concentration than MIX, greater Mg concentration than CSW, and lower S concentration than all treatments (p < .05). Multivariate correlation analysis showed positive correlations between plant available soil and grain B, Mg, Mn, and S concentrations (p ≤ .02), while plant available soil and grain Zn and Ca concentrations showed negative associations (p ≤ .05). Rotating perennial forage phases into wheat cropping systems increased wheat yield and CP but reduced certain plant available soil minerals. Although rotating perennials into annual cropping systems can benefit some soil quality parameters it may also diminish plant available soil minerals, influencing fertility recommendations.
β‐Silylmethylene Malonate as Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Sunil K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA silicon group plays distinctive role in controlling many organic reactions. In this context a β‐silylmethylene malonate (β‐SMM) can be considered as a versatile reagent in organic synthesis to introduce a silicon group in strategic positions of organic frameworks for further manipulations. In addition to the chemistry exhibited by alkylidene and arylidene malonates, a β‐SMM shows unique reaction attributed to the silicon group. The derived products exhibit enormous potential for the rapid generation of useful intermediates/products which are otherwise difficult to accomplish. This account chronicles our systematic approach beginning from the synthesis of β‐SMMs from readily available starting materials, and their use in complexity generation through novel and/ or known reactions. Reactions using β‐SMMs such as synthesis of 1‐substituted vinylsilanes and their Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling, organocatalytic asymmetric addition of methyl ketones, aldehydes, nitroalkanes and pyrazol‐5‐ones, and asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with azomethine ylides are highly influenced by the silicon group.
Housing the homeless: How revisiting the 1940s assists the struggle
Authors: O'Brien Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA major obstacle in the political work of housing the homeless is convincing voters and lawmakers that housing is a right and should be available to all without conditions. This paper seeks to assist that project by showing that the tension between rights and conditions has a history. It focusses on the pivotal 1940s, which saw the first major investment in public housing and the first surveys of two relevant problem populations—“the problem family” and “the homeless”. Those surveys used the language of eugenics, psychology and moral censure to perpetuate conditionality, while the call for housing as a right invested in the agency of “the people”. And the people wanted to be heard. Analysing the complex ways in which conditions on housing operated at this turning point enlarges and variegates the canvas on which contemporary understandings draw. It not only offers sobering insight into how the entrenching of marginalisation occurred but also informs the sense of contingency that might nourish serious reform.
UP Transformation einer Großstruktur aus Stahlbeton
Authors: Gengnagel Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDas Gesamtprojekt kann als ein richtungsweisendes Beispiel für ein ressourcenschonendes Bauen im Bestand angesehen werden. So wurden durch die weitgehende Nutzung der Bestandsstruktur ein CO2‐Äquivalent von fast 8500 t gegenüber einem vergleichbaren Neubauvolumen eingespart und knappe Materialressourcen wie Kiese und Sande geschont. Gleichzeitig entstand ein markantes Bürogebäude im Stadtraum, das über einzigartige, vielfach gestalt‐ und nutzbare Innenräume verfügt. Im Projektverlauf zeigte sich die große Bedeutung von umfassenden Voruntersuchungen für das Bauen im Bestand, die neben der Konstruktionsanalyse und der Erfassung von verformungsgerechten Geometrien vor allem auch gründliche Materialuntersuchungen beinhalten sollte. Im Projekt wurden einige dieser Grundlagen erst in der Realisierungsphase umgesetzt, was an mehreren Stellen zu iterativen Anpassungen von Planungen, Terminen und Kosten führte. Überraschungsmomente wie ein lokales Materialversagen werden sich allerdings nie vollständig ausschließen lassen. Damit bleibt das Bauen im Bestand eine alternativlose Herausforderung der Zukunft für Planer und Bauherren. Ein neues Thema bildet dabei ein entwurfbegleitendes Life Cycle Assessment in den frühen Projektphasen, um das richtige Gleichgewicht zwischen den Anforderungen der Minimierung von Emissionen und dem Verbrauch neuer Materialressourcen und den Potenzialen des Bestands und seiner neuen Nutzung zu finden.
Druggable differences: Targeting mechanistic differences between trans‐translation and translation for selective antibiotic action
Authors: Srinivas Pooja , Keiler Kenneth C. , Dunham Christine M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacteria use trans‐translation to rescue stalled ribosomes and target incomplete proteins for proteolysis. Despite similarities between tRNAs and transfer‐messenger RNA (tmRNA), the key molecule for trans‐translation, new structural and biochemical data show important differences between translation and trans‐translation at most steps of the pathways. tmRNA and its binding partner, SmpB, bind in the A site of the ribosome but do not trigger the same movements of nucleotides in the rRNA that are required for codon recognition by tRNA. tmRNA‐SmpB moves from the A site to the P site of the ribosome without subunit rotation to generate hybrid states, and moves from the P site to a site outside the ribosome instead of to the E site. During catalysis, transpeptidation to tmRNA appears to require the ribosomal protein bL27, which is dispensable for translation, suggesting that this protein may be conserved in bacteria due to trans‐translation. These differences provide insights into the fundamental nature of trans‐translation, and provide targets for new antibiotics that may have decrease cross‐reactivity with eukaryotic ribosomes.
A novel fluorescence probe for the detection of water content in organic solvents and the distinction between deuterated and nondeuterated reagents
Authors: Deng Bing , Feng Jingyi , Duan Ning , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel D−π−A type fluorescent probe (probe 1) was developed for water content detection in organic solvents. By analyzing the relationship between fluorescence and water content, the probe was successfully applied to determine trace water content in tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, 2‐butanone, acetone, dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile. High water content in THF and ethyl acetate was associated with a gradual colour change from yellowish green to earthy yellow. The red/green value had a linear relationship with the water content in THF and ethyl acetate. There was a linear relationship between the red/blue value and water content in 2‐butanone and acetone. Furthermore, probe 1 could be used for human serum albumin detection. Unexpectedly, probe 1 had a different colour response in deuterated and nondeuterated solvents, and had different fluorescence intensity and fluorescence emission wavelength. Probe 1 is rare tool that can distinguish between deuterated and nondeuterated reagents.
Co‐substrate‐fed microbial fuel cell for enhanced power generation and removal of groundwater contaminants
Authors: Kim Hyeong Jae , Kim Jun Hyun , Jeon Yongwon , Kim Sunghyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA microbial fuel cell (MFC) could be adopted as one of the biotechnological new approaches for removing groundwater contaminants of petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene, and simultaneously producing electricity. In this study, we have compared performances of single‐chamber MFCs in terms of power density and removal efficiency when operated under two different feeding conditions. In one experiment, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and phenol (BTEP) were individually fed to the MFC reactor without acetate. In another experiment, acetate was added as a co‐substrate. When operated in a batch mode, both cases showed almost complete BTEP removal efficiency while the former case produced negligible power density of ca. 1 mW/m2 and the latter case 0.13–0.44 W/m2. These results imply that MFCs are promising technology for removing petroleum contaminants and for simultaneously producing electricity when suitable organic substances are provided.
Developing an emission risk control model in coal‐fired power plants for investigating CO2 reduction strategies for sustainable business development
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Bera Sasadhar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe climatic risk consists of financial and environmental risks, predominantly evolutes from carbon dioxide emissions from coal‐fired power plants. We develop a climatic risk control model to investigate the coexistence of renewable energy and the post‐combustion carbon capture technology as CO2 reduction strategies. Additionally, our proposed framework explicitly considers the acceptance of such strategies based on a balance of electricity supply according to demand. This paper adopts an additive fuzzy mixed‐integer optimization approach to model uncertain parameters and determines the optimal solution focusing on business and the environment. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of such emission control strategies with scenario analysis that help to execute the country's emission reduction policies. The usefulness of our methodology is demonstrated using data from the coal‐based power sector in the Eastern part of India. Overall, with the proposed model, we can achieve 30% reduction in emission release, which provides strategies to the decision‐maker for investment towards sustainable development.
Baicalein self‐microemulsion based on drug–phospholipid complex for the alleviation of cytokine storm
Authors: Liao Hengfeng , Ye Jun , Gao Yue , Lian Chunfang , Liu Lu , Xu Xiaoyan , Feng Yu , Yang Yanfang , Yang Yuqi , Shen Qiqi , Gao Lili , Liu Zhihua , Liu Yuling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCytokine storm is a phenomenon whereby the overreaction of the human immune system leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, the existing drugs for the treatment of cytokine storm have limited efficacy and severe adverse effects. Here, we report a lymphatic targeting self‐microemulsifying drug delivery system containing baicalein to effectively inhibit cytokine storm. Baicalein self‐microemulsion with phospholipid complex as an intermediate carrier (BAPC‐SME) prepared in this study could be spontaneously emulsified to form 12‐nm oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion after administration. And then BAPC‐SME underwent uptake by enterocyte through endocytosis mediated by lipid valve and clathrin, and had obvious characteristics of mesenteric lymph node targeting distribution. Oral administration of BAPC‐SME could significantly inhibit the increase in plasma levels of 14 cytokines: TNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, MCP‐1, IL‐17A, IL‐27, IL‐1α, GM‐CSF, MIG, IFN‐β, IL‐12, MIP‐3α, IL‐23, and RANTES in mice experiencing systemic cytokine storm. BAPC‐SME could also significantly improve the pathological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration of lung tissue in mice experiencing local cytokine storm. This study does not only provide a new lymphatic targeted drug delivery strategy for the treatment of cytokine storm but also has great practical significance for the clinical development of baicalein self‐microemulsion therapies for cytokine storm.
Characteristics and overall survival of patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer: A cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Ehrenstein Vera , Eriksen Katrine , Taylor Aliki , Servidio Leslie , Jakobsen Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of all lung cancer diagnoses, and approximately 35% of patients with NSCLC are diagnosed at an early stage (I–IIIA). This study aimed to describe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing, patient characteristics, and overall survival (OS) among patients with early‐stage NSCLC in Denmark. Patients with early‐stage NSCLC registered in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry in 2013–2018 were followed through 2019. We described EGFR testing, descriptively summarised patient characteristics, and calculated OS by EGFR testing and mutation status. The association between EGFR mutation (EGFRm) and all‐cause mortality was estimated using Cox proportional‐hazards regression, in subgroups defined by stage at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, comorbidity, and receipt of surgery. In 2013–2018, 21,282 patients with NSCLC were registered in the Danish Lung Cancer Registry, of whom 8758 were diagnosed at an early stage. Of those, 4071 (46%) were tested for EGFRm at diagnosis. Median OS was 5.7 years among patients with EGFRm‐positive status (n = 361) and 4.4 years among patients with EGFRm‐negative status (n = 3710). EGFRm‐positive status was associated with lower all‐cause mortality in all subgroups. This study contributes to population‐based evidence on the epidemiology of early‐stage NSCLC treated in routine clinical practice.
Design and implementation of an Internet‐Based cancer risk assessment tool: Use over 10 years
Authors: LaRiviere Michael J. , O'Keefe Ryan , Carpenter Maribel , Chao Hann‐Hsiang , Amaniera Isabella , Vachani Carolyn , Hampshire Margaret K. , Bach Christina , Arnold‐Korzeniowski Karen , Metz James M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevention and early intervention can improve survival and quality of life across all cancers. Patient understanding of risk factors and associated actionable lifestyle changes and screening programs is not well understood by cliniciansMethodsAn Internet‐based tool, Reduce My Risk, was created in 2009 and made available on oncolink.org. Users voluntarily completed a survey regarding demographics and cancer risk factors, and received information about their cancer riskResultsTwenty eight thousand and one surveys were completed from 2009 to 2019. Median age was 26 years (18–101); 60% were females, 87% lived in North America, and 37% had at least a bachelor's degree. Users reported on behavioral/ modifiable risk factors: 13% were current smokers, 52% were current consumers of alcohol, and 8% of those had ≥14 drinks/week. Body mass index (BMI) was ≥30 in 19%; 74% of all surveys reported dietary risks and 36% reported infrequent exercise. Excess UV exposure was reported by 19%. Among women, 36% reported performing breast self‐examinations monthly, and 50% reported receiving clinician breast examinations at least once every 3 years. Sixty seven percent of men 55–75 years reported screening prostate specific antigen testing, with 50% receiving annual digital rectal examinations. Nonmodifiable risk factors included family cancer history (64%), genetic syndrome (3%), and cancer‐predisposing health conditions (26%)ConclusionsNinety‐seven percent of users reported modifiable risk factors, and 60% reported ≥4 of these risk factors. Understanding detailed characteristics of a large number of respondents has the potential to improve educational interventions to reduce cancer risk through behavioral modification and cancer screening across the general public.