bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental correlates of some selected fish species in the Jebba Dam, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo Segun O. , Nneji Lotanna M. , Adeniyi Akinkunle V. , Adeyemi-Ale Olutomi A. , Adelakun Kehinde M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of comprehensive understanding of environmental factors influencing fish species’ abundance and distribution in some Nigerian freshwater ecosystems. Our study investigated the environmental factors that drive the abundance and distribution of three economically important fishes –Lates niloticus, Citharinus citharus, andDistichondus rostratus– in Jebba Hydroelectric power dam in Northcentral Nigeria. The species catch abundance was determined using gillnets of different mesh sizes, each measuring 50 m length and 20 m deep. The physicochemical parameters were also assessed following standard methods. A total relative abundance of 47.49%, 27.74%, 24.77% were observed forC. citharus,L. niloticus, andD. rostratus, respectively. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the catch abundance ofL. niloticusassociates with water volume, turbidity, phosphate, and hydrogen carbonate. Analysis showed that water hardness, biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chloride levels drive the catch abundance ofD. rostratus, whileC. citharusassociates with temperature and depth. The linear Pearson correlation showed a strong positive relationship of the abundance ofL. niloticuswith turbidity, phosphate, total suspended solids, hydrogen carbonate, water depth, temperature, and water volume. Our result showed a strong positive association of the abundance ofC. citharuswith water volume, total dissolved solids, temperature, and water depth. A strong positive relationship of the abundance ofD. rostratuswith conductivity, water depth, and total dissolved solids was reported. Our study improved knowledge on the environmental factors affecting the abundance of three economically important freshwater fishes in Jebba Hydroelectric dam. Further study is needed to investigate the impact of global climate change on the future distribution of these freshwater fish species.
Effects of childhood trauma in psychopathy and response inhibition
Authors: Bedwell Stacey A. , Hickman Charlotte 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildhood trauma is linked to impairments in executive function and working memory, thought to underly psychological disorders including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Research demonstrates that childhood trauma can partially mediate posttraumatic stress disorder in those with executive function deficits. Despite a link with executive function deficit, psychopathy as a consequence of trauma is yet to be studied in this context. The present study investigates the possibility of a relationship between childhood trauma, psychopathic traits, and response inhibition. Eighty participants were tasked to completed the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Susman, 2013), Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Levenson et al., 1995), and Flanker task of response inhibition (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974). Scores of trauma exposure, psychopathic traits, and reaction times in the Flanker task were measured. Regression analysis revealed no significance for trauma exposure in predicting psychopathic traits (p = .201) and response inhibition (p = .183), indicating that childhood trauma does not strongly predict susceptibility to psychopathic traits or response inhibition deficits. These findings form an important basis on which to build a further understanding of the consequences of childhood trauma exposure, specifically in terms of understanding how specific cognitive functions may be influenced and providing a clearer understanding of how psychopathic traits develop.
An analysis of property inference methods
Authors: Rosenfeld Alex , Erk Katrin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProperty inference involves predicting properties for a word from its distributional representation. We focus on human-generated resources that link words to their properties and on the task of predicting these properties for unseen words. We introduce the use of label propagation, a semi-supervised machine learning approach, for this task and, in the first systematic study of models for this task, find that label propagation achieves state-of-the-art results. For more variety in the kinds of properties tested, we introduce two new property datasets.
UWB antenna with novel FSS reflector for the enhancement of the gain and bandwidth
Authors: Pandhare Rashmi A. , Abegaonkar Mahesh P. , Dhote Chandresh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel ultra-wide-band antenna backed by a suspended ground for an enhancement of bandwidth and a frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector for the enhancement of gain is proposed in order to meet the specific coverage requirements for broadband applications. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 13.4 GHz (1.8–15.2 GHz). To enhance the gain of the antenna, a FSS reflector is employed below the suggested ultra wide-band antenna. A novel FSS, which consists of 5 × 5 array of elements, located at a distance of 1.01 λ (36.14 mm) below the proposed antenna. There is 4–5 dBi improvement in antenna gain after application of the FSS. In order to observe the signal correlation of the proposed antenna, the time domain analysis using similar antennas in face-to-face and side-to-side scenarios has been performed using the EM simulation tool CST-STUDIO. The simulated results of the proposed antenna exhibit good agreement with the experimental results of the prototype model antenna.
Engendering Liberal Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Spanish America: Women, Partisan Politics, and the Federalist War in Colombia, 1859–1863
Authors: Murray Pamela S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article traces women's involvement in Colombia's mid nineteenth-century Liberal Revolution, particularly the 1860 Liberal-Federalist revolt led by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera and the two-and-a-half year civil war, or Federalist War, it precipitated. It uses personal correspondence and other archival sources to trace that involvement, highlighting how women both participated in the war, taking sides with one or another of the country's two rival political parties (Liberals or Conservatives), and shaped the larger partisan contest in which the fighting was embedded. It shows first how Mosquera's female supporters cooperated with him, offering logistical support and information that proved critical to the Liberal-Federalists’ eventual victory. It also shows how Conservative women opposed or resisted Mosquera and his followers. The article, moreover, examines the efforts of members of both groups of female partisans—pro-Mosquera Liberals or “Rojas” and anti-Mosquera “Godas”—to influence politics and public opinion, whether through private, behind-the-scenes personal conversation or through the spread of news, and sometimes disinformation. Above all, it reveals how women shaped the wartime public sphere through their active participation in the so-called ‘war of words’—the fierce ideological and rhetorical struggle that defined the very terms and meaning of the conflict.
Target site resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in a fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.) accession from Wisconsin and its response to alternative herbicides
Authors: Nunes Jose J. , Raiyemo Damilola A. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Rosa Alexandre T. , Tranel Patrick J. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to the lack of effective POST herbicide options, producers typically rely on nicosulfuron as the main POST grass herbicide in sweet corn production systems. In 2019, a Wisconsin sweet corn producer reported fall panicum control escapes after spraying nicosulfuron. Seeds from mature plants were collected to (1) measure fall panicum response to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, (2) elucidate the resistance mechanism, and (3) evaluate its response to alternative POST herbicides. Greenhouse and laboratory investigations were conducted to assess fall panicum response to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and elucidate the resistance mechanism. Dose–response results showed that fall panicum was highly resistant to nicosulfuron with a resistance ratio of >12.9-fold (survived rates >254 g ai ha−1, or 8× the field label rate). Molecular and genetic studies indicated that there are multiple ALS gene copies in fall panicum and that resistance was due to a mutation in one copy, resulting in an Asp-376-Glu amino acid substitution. Additional greenhouse experiments indicate that clethodim (105 g ai ha−1), quizalofop-p-ethyl (70 g ae ha−1), glyphosate (864 g ae ha−1), and glufosinate (650 g ai ha−1) are effective POST options to manage the ALS-resistant fall panicum (>90.0% control and 96.8% biomass reduction) in rotational years. The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides isoxaflutole (105 g ai ha−1), mesotrione (105 g ai ha−1), tembotrione (92 g ai ha−1), and tolpyralate (39 g ai ha−1) did not provide effective POST fall panicum control. Because these herbicides are commonly used for POST weed control in sweet corn, more investigations are required to evaluate combinations of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides with herbicides from other sites of action for POST fall panicum control. Herein we confirm the first case of herbicide resistance in fall panicum in the United States.
Infrasound–Electric‐Field Coupling Associated With the 2018 Shinmoe‐Dake Eruptions, Kirishima Volcanic Complex, Japan
Authors: Aniya Satoru , Aizawa Koki , Matsushima Takeshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShinmoe‐dake volcano, which is within the Kirishima volcanic complex, Japan, erupted from March to June 2018. The eruptions were recorded by various geophysical instruments that were installed 3.1–5.4 km from the crater. Here we present the first documented evidence of infrasound‐induced electric‐field changes in the near surface at the time of the explosive eruptions. Significant electric‐field changes coincide with the infrasound arrivals. An order‐of‐magnitude estimation of the electric field indicates that the electrokinetic mechanism induced by pore water movement relative to the host rock, is a plausible cause of the observed infrasound–electric‐field coupling. The ground displacement and electric‐field particle motions suggest that the infrasound waves from the explosive eruptions produce vertical ground motion, and simultaneously induce horizontal groundwater flow, which subsequently generates electric‐field changes due to the propagation of the infrasound wave.
Factors Controlling Acidification in Intermediate and Deep/Bottom Layers of the Japan/East Sea
Authors: Li Lan , Chen Baoshan , Luo Yiming , Xia Jinqi , Qi Di 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMuch effort has been devoted to studying the absorption of anthropogenic CO2 by the surface and subsurface ocean, where surface seawater acidifies rapidly while the deep ocean was thought to respond to CO2 intrusion at longer time scales. However, recent studies have revealed rapid acidification of the deep Japan/East Sea, implying that ongoing changes in ocean dynamics are accelerating acidification at depth, and the controlling mechanisms have not been fully addressed. Using a multibox model of ocean circulation and carbonate chemistry, we demonstrate that a combination of reduced deep/bottom water formation and an increase in organic matter remineralization can best explain the observed pattern of rapid acidification in deep waters. In contrast, acidification in the intermediate layer is controlled by increased particulate organic carbon remineralization accompanied by intensified intermediate ventilation. Variations of ventilation and remineralization of particulate organic carbon dominating acidification in different layers of the water column need to be considered in future investigations.
Explaining NOMAD D/H Observations by Cloud‐Induced Fractionation of Water Vapor on Mars
Authors: Daerden F. , Neary L. , Villanueva G. , Liuzzi G. , Aoki S. , Clancy R. T. , Whiteway J. A. , Sandor B. J. , Smith M. D. , Wolff M. J. , Pankine A. , Khayat A. , Novak R. , Cantor B. , Crismani M. , Mumma M. J. , Viscardy S. , Erwin J. , Depiesse C. , Mahieux A. , Piccialli A. , Robert S. , Trompet L. , Willame Y. , Neefs E. , Thomas I. R. , Ristic B. , Vandaele A. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe vertical profiles of water vapor and its semi‐heavy hydrogen isotope HDO provided by instruments on ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter constitute a unique new data set to understand the Martian water cycle including its isotopic composition. As water vapor undergoes hydrogen isotopic fractionation upon deposition (but not sublimation), the D/H isotopic ratio in water is a tracer of phase transitions, and a key quantity to understand the long‐term history of water on Mars. Here, we present 3D global simulations of D/H in water vapor and compare them to the vertically resolved observations of D/H and water ice clouds taken by NOMAD during the second half of Mars year 34. D/H is predicted to be constant with height up to the main cloud level, above which it drops because of strong fractionation, explaining the upper cut‐off in the NOMAD observations when HDO drops below detectability. During the global and regional dust storms of 2018/2019, we find that HDO ascends with H2O, and that the D/H ratio is constant and detectable up to larger heights. The simulations are within the provided observational uncertainties over wide ranges in season, latitude and height. Our work provides evidence that the variability of the D/H ratio in the lower and middle atmosphere of Mars is controlled by fractionation on water ice clouds, and thus modulated by diurnally and seasonally varying cloud formation. We find no evidence of other processes or reservoirs that would have a significant impact on the D/H ratio in water vapor.
Statistical Analysis of Refractive and Diffractive Scintillation at High Latitudes
Authors: Conroy James P. , Deshpande Kshitija , Scales Wayne , Zaghloul Amir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA comprehensive statistical analysis was performed on Global Positioning System scintillation data acquired at high latitudes from 2014 to 2017 after separating phase scintillation events originating from refraction and/or diffraction. Events exceeding a prescribed threshold were identified and analyzed statistically as a function of time, latitude, and propagation angle. The statistical analysis indicates that at high latitudes phase scintillation, which occurs more frequently than amplitude scintillation, is generated through refractive processes which can typically be treated as a stochastic Total Electron Content effect at high latitudes for Global Navigation Satellite System frequencies, and have the highest probability around magnetic noon in the Cusp. On average the phase scintillation index values decrease as a function of latitude, particularly during the first 6 hr of the evening. In addition, irregularities on the poleward side of the aurora are predominantly smaller than the Fresnel scale, when amplitude scintillation events are observed. By comparison, the mean of the phase scintillations on the equatorial side of the aurora, when amplitude scintillations are also present, indicates the existence of irregularities which are larger and smaller than the Fresnel scale. We also found that, during the day and at dusk, the spectral content of the irregularities apparently changes with decreasing off‐B Angle. No such increase is readily apparent at night or at dawn.
Overriding Plate Deformation and Topography During Slab Rollback and Slab Rollover: Insights From Subduction Experiments
Authors: Xue K. , Schellart W. P. , Strak V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome subduction zones in nature show mainly overriding plate (OP) extension and low topography, and others show mainly shortening and elevated topography. Here we investigate how end‐member subduction modes (trench retreat with slab rollback and trench advance with slab rollover) affect overriding plate deformation (OPD), topography, and mantle flow with time‐evolving three‐dimensional fully‐dynamic analog models using particle image velocimetry. We conduct two sets of experiments, one of which is characterized by trench retreat, and the other characterized by trench advance. Experiments showing continuous trench retreat experience overall OP extension, while experiments dominated by trench advance experience overall shortening. Both subduction modes present fore‐arc shortening and intra‐arc extension. Our experiments indicate that the overall OPD is mainly driven by the horizontal mantle flow at the base of the OP inducing a viscous drag force (FD), and is determined by the horizontal gradient of the horizontal mantle shear rate , which controls the horizontal trench‐normal gradient in FD. Furthermore, a large‐scale trenchward OP tilting and overall subsidence are observed in the experiments showing continuous trench retreat, while a landward OP tilting and an overall uplift are observed during long‐term trench advance. The two types of topography during the two different subduction modes can be ascribed to the downward component of the large‐scale trenchward mantle flow and the upward component of the landward mantle flow, respectively, and thus represent forms of dynamic topography. Our models showing trench advance provide a possible mechanism for OPD and topography at the Makran subduction zone.
Deep physical neural networks trained with backpropagation
Authors: Wright Logan G. , Onodera Tatsuhiro , Stein Martin M. , Wang Tianyu , Schachter Darren T. , Hu Zoey , McMahon Peter L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeep-learning models have become pervasive tools in science and engineering. However, their energy requirements now increasingly limit their scalability1. Deep-learning accelerators2–9 aim to perform deep learning energy-efficiently, usually targeting the inference phase and often by exploiting physical substrates beyond conventional electronics. Approaches so far10–22 have been unable to apply the backpropagation algorithm to train unconventional novel hardware in situ. The advantages of backpropagation have made it the de facto training method for large-scale neural networks, so this deficiency constitutes a major impediment. Here we introduce a hybrid in situ–in silico algorithm, called physics-aware training, that applies backpropagation to train controllable physical systems. Just as deep learning realizes computations with deep neural networks made from layers of mathematical functions, our approach allows us to train deep physical neural networks made from layers of controllable physical systems, even when the physical layers lack any mathematical isomorphism to conventional artificial neural network layers. To demonstrate the universality of our approach, we train diverse physical neural networks based on optics, mechanics and electronics to experimentally perform audio and image classification tasks. Physics-aware training combines the scalability of backpropagation with the automatic mitigation of imperfections and noise achievable with in situ algorithms. Physical neural networks have the potential to perform machine learning faster and more energy-efficiently than conventional electronic processors and, more broadly, can endow physical systems with automatically designed physical functionalities, for example, for robotics23–26, materials27–29 and smart sensors30–32.
A loss-based patch label denoising method for improving whole-slide image analysis using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Ashraf Murtaza , Robles Willmer Rafell Quiñones , Kim Mujin , Ko Young Sin , Yi Mun Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a deep learning-based patch label denoising method (LossDiff) for improving the classification of whole-slide images of cancer using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Automated whole-slide image classification is often challenging, requiring a large amount of labeled data. Pathologists annotate the region of interest by marking malignant areas, which pose a high risk of introducing patch-based label noise by involving benign regions that are typically small in size within the malignant annotations, resulting in low classification accuracy with many Type-II errors. To overcome this critical problem, this paper presents a simple yet effective method for noisy patch classification. The proposed method, validated using stomach cancer images, provides a significant improvement compared to other existing methods in patch-based cancer classification, with accuracies of 98.81%, 97.30% and 89.47% for binary, ternary, and quaternary classes, respectively. Moreover, we conduct several experiments at different noise levels using a publicly available dataset to further demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. Given the high cost of producing explicit annotations for whole-slide images and the unavoidable error-prone nature of the human annotation of medical images, the proposed method has practical implications for whole-slide image annotation and automated cancer diagnosis.
Arousal-based pupil modulation is dictated by luminance
Authors: Pan Jasmine , Klímová Michaela , McGuire Joseph T. , Ling Sam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPupillometry has become a standard measure for assessing arousal state. However, environmental factors such as luminance, a primary dictator of pupillary responses, often vary across studies. To what degree does luminance interact with arousal-driven pupillary changes? Here, we parametrically assessed luminance-driven pupillary responses across a wide-range of luminances, while concurrently manipulating cognitive arousal using auditory math problems of varying difficulty. At the group-level, our results revealed that the modulatory effect of cognitive arousal on pupil size interacts multiplicatively with luminance, with the largest effects occurring at low and mid-luminances. However, at the level of individuals, there were qualitatively distinct individual differences in the modulatory effect of cognitive arousal on luminance-driven pupillary responses. Our findings suggest that pupillometry as a measure for assessing arousal requires more careful consideration: there are ranges of luminance levels that are more ideal in observing pupillary differences between arousal conditions than others.
Colistin exposure enhances expression of eptB in colistin-resistant Escherichia coli co-harboring mcr-1
Authors: Elizabeth Rajkumari , Baishya Somorita , Kalita Bubul , Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Choudhury Manabendra Dutta , Chanda Debadatta Dhar , Bhattacharjee Amitabha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractColistin resistance has increased due to the increasing and inappropriate use of this antibiotic. The mechanism involves modification of lipid A with phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) and/or 4-amino-4deoxy-l-arabinose (L-Ara4N). EptA and eptB catalyze the transfer of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A. In this study, gene network was constructed to find the associated genes related to colistin resistance, and further in vitro validation by transcriptional analysis was performed. In silico studies showed that eptB gene is a highly interconnected node in colistin resistance gene network. To ascertain these findings twelve colistin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were selected in which five were harboring the plasmid-mediated mcr-1. Screening for colistin resistance was performed by broth microdilution (BMD) method and Rapid polymyxin NP test. PCR confirmed the presence of the eptA and eptB genes in all isolates and five isolates were harboring mcr-1. Transcriptional expression in five isolates harboring mcr-1, showed an enhanced expression of eptB when exposed under sub-inhibitory colistin stress. The present study for the first time highlighted genetic interplay between mcr-1 and eptA and eptB under colistin exposure.