bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidative effect of metformin on valproic acid induced hepatoxicity in male rats
Authors: Intesar Tarik Numan  , Nadia Hameed Mohamed  , Zainab Khalid Ali  
Published: October 2022

Metformin is 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Additionally, several studies focused on the role of metformin in antioxidant activities for the treatment of hepatic disorders. The experimentally

-based result on valproic acid's liver injury, a front-line medicine for the treatment of epilepsy, attracted a lot of interest. As a result, the effect of metformin on valproic acid-induced redox disturbances in rat hepatic tissue was studied. metformin at 250 mg/kg dose was administered via oral gavage for 30 days, and valproic acid at a dose of 400 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal route starting from the twenty-second day of the experiment, for eight days to induce hepatotoxicity. Treatment with metformin reduced valproic acid-enhancing alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase activities. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue of valproic acid-treated rats significantly increased (P-value < 0.05) whereas glutathione decreased. The coadministration of metformin with valproic acid significantly decreased the malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione levels (P-value < 0.05). Finally, metformin protected rats from valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity, improved antioxidant status, and reduced hepatic oxidative stress.
Evaluating the Reliability of MM-PB/GB-SA Method for the Protein-Ligand Binding Free Energies Using Penicillopepsin-Inhibitor ligands
Authors: Twana Salih  
Published: October 2022

An accurate prediction of the ligand-receptor binding free energies (ΔG) is a critical step in the early stages of rational drug design. The Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) method is a popular

approach to estimate ΔG. However, correlations between the predicted and the experimental ΔG are variable. The goal of this study is to investigate various approaches to optimize accuracy of the MM-GBSA method. A molecular dynamic (MD) simulations protocol was applied using penicillopepsin receptor against its inhibitor ligands, repeated 50 times for each complex system. After that, ΔG of the five inhibitors were predicted using MM-GBSA method. Moreover, a diverse ΔG values were calculated from the replicate MD simulations of each system. The results were showed correlations not only between the predicted and the experimental binding affinities of the systems but also between the predicted values and root-mean-square deviation. In addition, statistical analysis was evaluated the sample size.
Impacts of Covid-19 on Migrants and Refugees
Authors: Baitha Subhash Kumar , Tyagi Rinkal , Chatterjee Souvik 
Published: October 2022

Since the 1970s, in the aftermath of new social movements, the concept of refugees and migration in international politics has dominated both the academic discipline and public debates. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, more than 82.4 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced from their homes by the end of 2020, either as internally displaced persons (IDPs) or as refugees, as a result of violent conflict, persecution, famine, or natural disasters. Even in normal times, the lives of refugees and migrants are fraught with difficulties, but in the midst of an pandemic like Covid-19, this problem has taken on new dimensions. The only way to avoid the pandemic is to take precautions and maintain a safe distance from one another. These precautions are extremely difficult for refugees and migrants to take amidst a global pandemic. Keeping in mind the international efforts and the problems faced by refugees and migrants, this paper is an attempt to comprehend the challenges faced by refugees and migrants during Covid-19 and what global efforts have been made to mitigate the pandemic's impact on refugee and migrant life.
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES TO NEIGHBORHOOD LEGAL RELATIONS
Authors: АМИНЕВА Айгуль Юлаевна 
Published: October 2022

The existence of good neighborhood relations is based on the scrupulous performance by each of the parties of their obligations, which ultimately results in the observance of an order based on law.Purpose: to analyze the problems of legal regulation of the bligations of the parties to neighborhood legal relations, their characteristics and content. In the course of the study, general scientific and specificscientific (legal and dogmatic, interpretation of legal norms, and others) research methods are used. Results: it is established that, to date, there is no legal definition of the obligations of neighbors,the obligations of the parties to neighborhood legal relations are separately enshrined in various normative acts, including in sources of public branches of law. It is concluded that an obligation of a partyin neighborhood legal relations should be understood as a measure of proper behavior of one person (neighbor) established by law, agreement of the parties or custom in order to satisfy the interestsof another person (another neighbor), provided with the possibility of applying coercive measures. The main purpose of fulfilling civil law obligations of the neighbors is to ensure the observance of the rightsand legal interests of the parties to neighborhood legal relations, in which the conduct of each party to this legal relationship will not exceed the permissible limits, established by law, including sanitary,urban planning, building, technical regulations and standards, either by any agreement of the parties or by customs in force in a particular t erritory.
Efficacy of Very Low Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid And Reduction of Misuse of Antibiotics and Hospital Admission in Infants and Toddlers With Recurrent Wheezy Chest
Authors: Mazumder Pradip Kishore , Mallick Pranab Kanti , Dutta Arup 
Published: October 2022

Background: Wheeze in infants and toddlers are a common symptom and sign. Inhaled Corticosteroids are considered the most effective treatment available for long-term control of asthma or recurrent wheezing of children. The aim of the present study was to see the efficacy of very low dose inhaled Beclomethasone in reducing the misuse of antibiotics and hospital admission among the infants and toddlers with recurrent wheezing. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study done among 70 infants and toddlers of 4months to 3 years of age having a recurrent wheeze. Open -ended questionnaires were used. All patients were studied with Beclomethasone Dipropionate HFA inhaler 1puff (50 micrograms) twice daily and Salbutamol inhaler 1-2 puffs (Each puff contain 100 micrograms) 3 to 4 times daily when needed via small volume spacer with a mask. Sixty patients completed the study for total 3 months and were included in the analysis. Patients were followed up every 4 weeks interval and symptoms, use of antibiotics and need for hospital admission all were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20. Results: Among the 70 patients, persistent wheezing was present in 7.1% cases, recurrent cough was present in 21.4% cases and recurrent wheezing was present in 71.4% cases. 14.2% cases had a family history of asthma and 85.8% had no such family history. Among 60 patients those completed the study, day cough and day wheezing were reduced to 30(50%) and 5(8.3%) respectively following the first month of low dose ICS therapy. Day cough and day wheezing were reduced to 10(16.6%) and 1(1.6%) after 2 months and after 3 months these were reduced to 1(1.6%) and 0% respectively. Night cough and night wheeze were reduced to 40(66.6%) and 20(33.3%) respectively after the first month of ICS therapy. After 2nd month these were reduced to 15(25%) and 5(8.3%) and after 3rd month these were 2(3.3%) and 0% respectively. Antibiotics received before initiation of ICS therapy 100% (n=70) and after initiation of ICS therapy was 16.6% (n=60). Hospital admission rate before initiation of ICS therapy was 66.66% (n=70) and after ICS therapy was 8.33% (n=60). Both hospital admission and need of antibiotics were reduced after the initiation of low dose ICS therapy which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: Our study has shown the improvement in symptoms and also decreases the use of antibiotics and reduces the frequency of hospitalization following treatment with low dose Inhaled Corticosteroid.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 8 - 12
Meatal Stenosis and Stricture Urethrae In Postoperative Patients of Urethroplasty: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sajid Md Minhajuddin , Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Rahman MA Mushfiqur , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Habib Md Golam , Walid Adnan 
Published: October 2022

Background: The postoperative complications of urethroplasty in hypospadias surgery still remain a great challenge to Paediatric urologists. The aim of the study was to find out the cause and incidence of meatal stenosis and stricture urethra following urethroplasty and to solve the postoperative complication. Materials and methods : This Prospective study was carried out in the department of Paediatric Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from April 2013 to October 2014 for a total of 19 months. A total of 50 hypospadias patients were selected for this study. After urethroplasty, outcome was assessed in terms of meatal stenosis and stricture urethra in the study period. Results : Meatal stenosis occurred in 5 patients in first follow up, which responded to regular dilatation in 3 patients in second follow up and till the end of third follow up, 2 patients were continuing regular meatal dilatation. In this study, urethral stricture occurred in 2 patient (4%) in second follow up, which was treated with regular urethral dilatation under general anaesthesia. Conclusion : It is evident from this study that, meatal stenosis is not very uncommon after urethroplasty which can very easily be treated by regular meatal dilatation. Urethral stricture, though not common, can also be treated by regular urethral dilatation under General Anaesthesia (GA).
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 13 - 16
Current Trend of Intravenous Fluid Use In Medicine Wards in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Tajreen Tania , Zahed ASM 
Published: October 2022

Background: Some hospitalized patients may not be able to eat and drink and often have depleted fluid levels and electrolyte imbalance. So, intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is a part of everyday clinical practice. Aims: This study was carried out to assess the extent of rational use of IV fluid in indoor patients of medicine wards of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Materials and methods: This cross sectional observational study was done in CMCH from April to November 2014. One hundred and ninety four (n=194) patients getting IV fluid were selected by purposive sampling. All relevant information for each study subject was collected by ‘Observing Method’ using a data collection sheet after getting informed written consent. Variables were checked. Results were matched with standard guidelines. Results: Male patients were 1.3 times more than female. Acute abdomen (20.62%) Acute febrile illness (11.85%) Poisoning (11.34%) Stroke (10.31%) and Acute watery diarrhea (9.28%) were common indications for giving IV fluid. Status of hydration was properly assessed in 82.99% patients. Commonly used fluids were 5% DNS (34.02%) NS (17.01%) CS (7.22%). Amount of fluid was appropriate in 90.20% patients but constituents were appropriate only in 52.06% patients. Most of the patients (76%) had received IV fluid for one day. Thirteen (6.70%) patients had suffered from IV fluid related complications. Conclusion: Considering assessment of status of hydration, amount and constituents of fluid, 64 (33%) patients had received IV fluid in a rational way. This study highlights the importance of multicentre study to formulate a national guideline.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 32 - 37
Allelic, Genotypic and Phenotypic Frequency Of Abo and Rhesus (D) Blood Groups in Noakhali, Feni and Sherpur Districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed Nasim Uddin , Hasan Mohammad Nadim , Biswas Rajib , Dewan Gourab 
Published: October 2022

Background: Genetic characteristics (allelic and genotypic frequencies; phenotypic distribution) of ABO and rhesus (D) blood group systems of Bengali population from Feni, Noakhali and Sherpur districts are unknown. This has stimulated us to conduct the study. Materials and methods: A retrospective study (2013-2015) was done from blood group data obtained from the registers of the blood banks in district hospitals of Feni, Noakhali and Sherpur. Hardy- Weinberg formula was used to determine allele and genotype distribution. Results: Total subjects from the three centers were 8058. Observed allelic (O > B > A) and phenotypic frequency (O > B > A > AB) was similar in all centers. Allele frequency range was IA 0.1826 to 0.1946, IB 0.2082 to 0.2292 and IO 0.5768 to 0.6092. Rhesus (D) allele frequency was Id 0.1315 to 0.1615 and ID 0.8385 to 0.8685. Rhesus negative blood groups were scarce (%). Conclusion: Genetic characteristics of ABO and rhesus blood group genes of studied population are in agreement with the existing data about Bangladeshi population.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 38 - 41
Histopathological Spectrum of Bladder Lesions : Our Observation in 128 Cystoscopic Specimen
Authors: Chowdhury Md Babul Osman , Siddique Md Saifuddin Ahmed , Islam Md Mujahedul , Ahmed ASM Mustaque 
Published: October 2022

Background : Diseases of the bladder, particularly, inflammation (Cystitis), constitutes an important source of clinical signs & symptoms. Tumours of the bladder are an important source of both morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to make a histopathological evaluation of various bladder lesions and to observe the frequency of different bladder lesions. Material and methods : The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Chittagong Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College (CMOSHMC) from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016. Patients particulars and histopathological diagnosis were kept in records. Tissue was processed in paraffin section technique and stained with routine Hematoxilin and eosin stains. Results : One hundred and twenty eight (128) cystoscopic sample were studied. Out of 128 cases males were 103 and 25 were females with a male to female ratio of 4.21:1. In malignant lesions the male to female ratio was 3.82:1. Age distribution ranges from 13 to 85 years with an average age of 57 years. The maximum age group belonged to 51 to 60 years and 61 to 70 years. The spectrum of lesions included non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Non neoplastic lesions were eosinophilic cystitis, granulomatous cystitis, radiation induced cystitis, chronic follicular cystitis and cystitis gladularis etc. The neoplastic lesions were, transitional cell papilloma, Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP) low and high grade Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) and leiomyosarcoma. Low grade TCC was the predominant type. Conclusion : Cystoscopic biopsy followed by histopatholigical examination is essential to diagnose any organic bladder lesion for proper management. Smooth muscle should be included in biopsy whenever malignancy is suspected.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 42 - 44
Intravenous Ondansetron Versus Intravenous Nalbuphine in Reducing Intrathecal Fentanyl Induced Pruritus During Cesarean Delivery : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tipu Md Rezaul Hoque , Chowdhury Gulshan Ara , Billah KM Baki , Khatoon Syeda Nafisa , Khan Shameema Hossain 
Published: October 2022

Background: This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study wasundertaken to compare the effectiveness and side effects of intravenous Ondansetron and Nalbuphine in the reduction of intrathecal Fentanyl-induced pruritus in obstetric patients of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Materials and methods : This study was done in CMCH during the period August 2012 to January 2014. One hundred and thirty women of ASA status I or II undergone caesarean section by spinal anesthesia using Inj. Bupivacaine 10 mg and Inj. Fentanyl 15 μgm was randomly allocated in two groups, by simple random method. The patients received Nalbuphine 4mg or Ondansetron 8mg as intravenous injection in respective of groups, immediately after the baby was delivered and umbilical cord was clamped. Onset of pruritus, the degree of pruritus, four-point rating score for nausea and vomiting were assessed and recorded as per case record form and preserved for analysis. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS® software package version SPSS-16 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA) for windows XP. pvalue was considered statistically significant when it was less than 0.05(p£0.05). Results : Intravenous Ondansetron was more effective in reducing the incidence of fentanyl-induced pruritus than Nalbuphine. Pruritus was mild and relatively short duration in most patients. Patients remained hemodynamically stable after using both Ondansetron and Nalbuphine. Conclusion: Ondansetron is more effective and cheaper than Nalbuphine in reducing the intrathecal Fentanyl induced pruritus during cesarean delivery and safely used as an alternative to expensive drug Inj. Naloxone.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 45 - 51
Osmotic Fragility Status of Red Blood Cell In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Khatun Monira , Chowdhury Mohammed Nasim Uddin , Hossain Kamal , Khanam Shamima , Ahmed Farhena , Rownak Nihad 
Published: October 2022

Background: Anaemia is an almost invariable consequence of Chronic Kidney Disease. Among other causes, excessive haemolysis is also seen in advanced renal failure. The aim of this study is to observe the range of osmotic fragility of RBC in patients with chronic kidney disease and correlate the fragile states of RBC with different stages of chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods: It is a hospital based cross sectional observational study. 100 patients of diagnosed case of chronic kidney disease admitted in the Department of Nephrology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital were selected as cases and 100 apparently healthy persons, age and sex matched were selected as controls. Osmotic fragility of RBC was determined manually by traditional method in the department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong. Data were analyzed by different statistical methods. Results: In our study, among the case group (100 patients), we found that 5.5% were on CKD stage III, 21% on stage IV, 23.5% on stage V. And 50% (100 apparently healthy subjects) were taken as control. Among the case group RBC osmotic fragility was decreased in 69% and remaining 31% was normal. Here the mean (±SD) of strength of NaCl solution were 0.30 (±0.05) and 0.44(±0.04)% in case and control group respectively where RBCs were partially hemolysed. The mean (±SD) of strength of NaCl Solution were 0.11 (±0.10) and 0.21(±0.09)% in case and control group respectively where RBCs were completely hemolysed. Again the mean (±SD) of strength of NaCl Solution were 0.33 (±0.03), 0.29 (±0.06) and 0.30(±0.05)% in CKD patients with stage III, IV and V respectively where RBCs were partially hemolysed. The mean (±SD) of strength of NaCl soluton were 0.14 (±0.09) and 0.08(±0.10)% and 0.12(±0.10)% in CKD patients with stage III, IV and V respectively where RBCs were completely hemolysed. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that osmotic fragility status of RBC of CKD patients was significantly decreased which were inconsistent with other study.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 52 - 56
Socio Demographic Profile and Risk Factors Of Women Presenting With Cervical Cancer in A Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Shirin Fahmida , Ferdous Jannatul , Karim Tanjila , Islam Fahmida , Khanam Zubaida 
Published: October 2022

Background : Bangladesh, a densely populated country of South-East Asia shows some of the highest rates of cervical cancer worldwide , and about 70% of the population is living in rural villages with a per capita GDP of 1211 US$ (Year 2015) having no population based cancer registry. The aim of this study was to assess the socio demographic status and risk factors related to cervical cancer in a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. Material and methods : A crosssectional study was conducted using a self administered questionnaire between January 1,2016 and June 30, 2016 on 68 patients who were admitted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital for confirmation of diagnosis and treatment. Results : Women of increasing age 40-50 (41.18%), having many pregnancies >4 ( 38.23%) and no education 63 (92.65%)with history of active or passive smoking 56 (82.36%) were found to be at increased risk of cervical cancer. Conclusion : It is important to recognize the socio demographic and risk factors associated with cervical cancer while making public health policies and implementation of cervical cancer control programmes.
JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (1) : 63 - 66
PENERAPAN METODE SIMULASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 9 AMPENAN
Authors: Isniwati Isniwati 
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh rendahnya nilai kemampuan berbicara siswa dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada siswa Kelas V.B SDN 9 Ampenan. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa dalam pembelajaran berbicara adalah 6,0 dapat dikategorikan cukup baik, namun masih perlu ditingkatkan karena masih di bawah nilai KKM 6,8. Selain itu, kelemahan dalam pembelajaran ini adalah berasal dari faktor guru dan siswa. Dari faktor guru, dalam kegiatan keterampilan berbicara guru tidak memanfaatkan metode atau teknik yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa. Sedangkan dari faktor siswa, dalam proses pembelajaran berbicara, pembicaraannya tidak sistematis dan sangat sulit dipahami. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah penerapan metode simulasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa Kelas V.B SDN 9 AMPENAN tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa Kelas V.B SDN 9 Ampenan tahun ajaran 2021/2022 dengan menerapkan metode simulasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri atas dua siklus dan tiap siklusnya terdiri dari 3 kali pertemuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, sedangkan hasil observasi kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan rumus. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Simulasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa Kelas V.B SDN 9 Ampenan dapat dinyatakan berhasil karena telah mencapai target. Terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: pada siklus I rata-rata kelas mencapai 66,48 dan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 56,67% dan jumlah siswa yang tuntas belajar sebanyak 17 orang. Pada siklus II rata-rata kelas mencapai 77,22 dan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 90% dan jumlah siswa yang tuntas belajar sebanyak 27 orang. Jadi kesimpulannya dengan penerapan metode Simulasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa.