bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplitude bases in generic EFTs
Authors: De Angelis Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present for the first time an efficient algorithm to find a basis of kinematically independent structures built of (massless and massive) spinor helicity variables in four dimensions. This method provides a classification of independent contact terms for the scattering amplitudes with generic masses, spins, and multiplicity in any effective field theory (EFT). These contact terms are in one-to-one correspondence with a complete set of irrelevant operators in the EFT. As basic applications of our method, we classify the D2nF4 contact terms in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory for n ≤ 8, dimension-six operators involving five W±, Z and γ vector bosons, and spin-tidal effective interactions for spin-1 massive particles in gravitational theories.
Speed of sound in cosmological phase transitions and effect on gravitational waves
Authors: Tenkanen Tuomas V. I. , van de Vis Jorinde 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The energy budget for gravitational waves of a cosmological first order phase transitions depends on the speed of sound in the thermal plasma in both phases around the bubble wall. Working in the real-singlet augmented Standard Model, which admits a strong two-step electroweak phase transition, we compute higher order corrections to the pressure and sound speed. We compare our result to lower-order approximations to the sound speed and the energy budget and investigate the impact on the gravitational wave signal. We find that deviations in the speed of sound from $$ {c}_s^2 $$

c
s
2

= 1/3 are enhanced up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(5%) in our higher-order computation. This results in a suppression in the energy budget of up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(50%) compared to approximations assuming $$ {c}_s^2 $$

c
s
2

= 1/3. The effect is most significant for hybrid and detonation solutions. We generalise our discussion to the case of multiple inert scalars and the case of a reduced number of fermion families in order to mimic hypothetical dark sector phase transitions. In this sector with modified field content, the sound speed can receive significant suppression, with potential order-of-magnitude impact on the gravitational wave amplitude.
Heavy quarkonium dynamics at next-to-leading order in the binding energy over temperature
Authors: Brambilla Nora , Escobedo Miguel Ángel , Islam Ajaharul , Strickland Michael , Tiwari Anurag , Vairo Antonio , Vander Griend Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using the potential non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (pNRQCD) effective field theory, we derive a Lindblad equation for the evolution of the heavy-quarkonium reduced density matrix that is accurate to next-to-leading order (NLO) in the ratio of the binding energy of the state to the temperature of the medium. The resulting NLO Lindblad equation can be used to more reliably describe heavy-quarkonium evolution in the quark-gluon plasma at low temperatures compared to the leading-order truncation. For phenomenological application, we numerically solve the resulting NLO Lindblad equation using the quantum trajectories algorithm. To achieve this, we map the solution of the three-dimensional Lindblad equation to the solution of an ensemble of one-dimensional Schrödinger evolutions with Monte-Carlo sampled quantum jumps. Averaging over the Monte-Carlo sampled quantum jumps, we obtain the solution to the NLO Lindblad equation without truncation in the angular momentum quantum number of the states considered. We also consider the evolution of the system using only the complex effective Hamiltonian without stochastic jumps and find that this provides a reliable approximation for the ground state survival probability at LO and NLO. Finally, we make comparisons with our prior leading-order pNRQCD results and experimental data available from the ATLAS, ALICE, and CMS collaborations.
Stress induces major depressive disorder by a neutral sphingomyelinase 2-mediated accumulation of ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma
Authors: Schumacher Fabian , Carpinteiro Alexander , Edwards Michael J. , Wilson Gregory C. , Keitsch Simone , Soddemann Matthias , Wilker Barbara , Kleuser Burkhard , Becker Katrin Anne , Müller Christian P. , Kornhuber Johannes , Gulbins Erich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common, severe disease with a lifetime prevalence of ~ 10%. The pathogenesis of MDD is unknown and, unfortunately, therapy is often insufficient. We have previously reported that ceramide levels are increased in the blood plasma of patients with MDD and in mice with experimental MDD. Here, we demonstrate that ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma are increased in mice with stress-induced MDD. Genetic studies reveal that neutral sphingomyelinase 2 is required for the formation of ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma. Accordingly, induced deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 prevented mice from the development of stress-induced MDD. Intravenous injection of microparticles from mice with MDD or injection of ceramide-loaded exosomes induced MDD-like behavior in untreated mice, which was abrogated by ex vivo pre-incubation of purified exosomes with anti-ceramide antibodies or ceramidase. Mechanistically, injection of exosomes from mice with MDD or injection of ex vivo ceramide-loaded microparticles inhibited phospholipase D (PLD) in endothelial cells in vitro and in the hippocampus in vivo and thereby decreased phosphatidic acid in the hippocampus, which has been previously shown to mediate MDD by plasma ceramide. In summary, our data indicate that ceramide-enriched exosomes are released by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 into the blood plasma upon stress and mediate stress-induced MDD.

Key messages

Stress induces ceramide-enriched exosomes in the blood plasma.

Ceramide-enriched exosomes mediate major depressive disorder (MDD).

Deficiency of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 protects from stress-induced MDD.

Neutralization or digestion of ceramide in exosomes prevents stress-induced MDD.

Ceramide-enriched exosomes inhibit endothelial phospholipase D in the hippocampus.
Concepts of change propagation analysis in engineering design
Authors: Brahma Arindam , Wynn David C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterest in change propagation analysis for engineering design has increased rapidly since the topic gained prominence in the late 1990s. Although there are now many approaches and models, there is a smaller number of underlying key concepts. This article contributes a literature review and organising framework that summarises and relates these key concepts. Approaches that have been taken to address each key concept are collected and discussed. A visual analysis of the literature is presented to uncover some trends and gaps. The article thereby provides a thematic analysis of state-of-the-art in design change propagation analysis, and highlights opportunities for further work.
Particle characterization and quantification of organic and inorganic compounds from Chinese and Iranian aerosol filter samples using scanning laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Barth Christof , Hinz Klaus-Peter , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBesides their influence on climate and cloud formation, many organic and inorganic substances in aerosol particles pose a risk to human health. Namely, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals are suspected to be carcinogenic or acutely toxic. The detection and quantification of such compounds is difficult if only small amounts of particulate matter (PM) are available. In addition, filter samples are often complex and time-consuming to prepare for chromatographic measurements and elemental analysis. Here, we present a method based on high-resolution atmospheric pressure laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-LDI-MSI) and statistical analysis which allows the analysis and characterization of very small sample quantities (< 30 µg) without any sample preparation. The power and simplicity of the method is demonstrated by two filter samples from heavily polluted mega cities. The samples were collected in Tehran (Iran) and Hangzhou (China) in February 2018. In the course of the measurement, more than 3200 sum formulae were assigned, which allowed a statistical evaluation of colocalized substances within the particles on the filter samples. This resulted in a classification of the different particle types on the filters. Finally, both megacities could be distinguished based on characteristic compounds. In the samples from Tehran, the number of sulphur-containing organic compounds was up to 6 times as high as the samples from Hangzhou, possibly due to the increasing efforts of the Chinese government to reduce sulphur emissions in recent years. Additionally, quantification of 13 PAH species was carried out via standard addition. Especially, the samples from Tehran showed elevated concentrations of PAHs, which in the case of higher-molecular-weight species (> m/z 228) were mostly more than twice as high as in Hangzhou. Both cities showed high levels of heavy metals and potentially harmful organic compounds, although their share of total particulate matter was significantly higher in the samples from Tehran. The pre-treatment of the samples was reduced to a minimum with this method, and only small amounts of particles were required to obtain a comprehensive picture for a specific filter sample. The described method provides faster and better control of air pollution in heavily polluted megacities.
Graphical abstract
Larvae of a marine gastropod and a marine bivalve share common gene expression signatures during metamorphic competence
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Jiang Chongyi , Tan Qianglai , Tang Bozeng , Huang Zixia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany aquatic invertebrates undergo an indirect development, a biphasic life cycle which encompasses the transformation of free-swimming larvae into benthic juveniles via settlement and metamorphosis. During this transition, metamorphic competence is a crucial developmental stage that allows larvae to swim and feed in the planktonic realm while retaining the ability to settle and metamorphose in response to environmental cues. Although there have been substantial efforts to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying this event in several molluscan species, the conserved biological pathways that are crucial to enable this transition across species are not well understood. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of the developmental transcriptomes between bivalve Crassostrea gigas and gastropod Rapana venosa. We particularly explored the common gene expression signatures that may underlie their larval competence. We showed that, although the developmental transcriptomes differed remarkably between C. gigas and R. venosa, they likely shared a plethora of genes (n = 690) that exhibited similar expression signatures during their larval competence. Gene Ontology enrichment and expression analyses further indicated that competent larvae of both species exhibited up-regulation of pathways associated with response to stimuli, metal ion binding and transport, and neuronal development, but showed down-regulation of pathways that were mainly involved in cilium assembly and organ development. Using oyster and whelk as models, our study suggests that regulation of these conserved pathways is crucial for their subsequent settlement and metamorphosis and may represent a universal mechanism that enables the pelagic-to-benthic transition in a broader range of marine invertebrates.
An experimental evaluation of thermoelectric generator performance under cyclic heating regimes
Authors: Williams N. P. , Power J. , Trimble D. , O’Shaughnessy S. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermal cycling is known to adversely affect the performance and lifespan of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) yet has received limited attention to date. The current study experimentally investigates the effect of thermal cycling on the performance of twelve nominally identical TEG modules. Six samples were subjected to the same thermal cycle profile with an average heating time of 154 s to examine the variation in their outputs. The maximum cycling temperature was varied between 170 °C and 190 °C for a further six samples to investigate the effect of maximum set-point temperature on performance. Degradation in performance was exhibited by all modules, with maximum power outputs between 28% and 57% of pre-cycling values and a decrease in the dimensionless figure of merit $$ZT$$

ZT

of 21% to 56% upon cessation of cycling. Sudden ‘breakdowns’ or significant reductions in output power were observed for all TEGs, accompanied by increased electrical resistance, which is indicative of internal damage to the modules arising from the formation of micro-cracks at the interface between the semiconductor thermocouples and electrically conductive material. The rate of degradation post-‘breakdown’ appeared to be influenced by the maximum set-point temperature, with more rapid decreases observed for increasing temperatures.
What view information is most important in the homeward navigation of an Australian bull ant, Myrmecia midas?
Authors: Islam Muzahid , Deeti Sudhakar , Murray Trevor , Cheng Ken 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany insects orient by comparing current panoramic views of their environment to memorised views. We tested the navigational abilities of night-active Myrmecia midas foragers while we blocked segments of their visual panorama. Foragers failed to orient homewards when the front view, lower elevations, entire terrestrial surround, or the full panorama was blocked. Initial scanning increased whenever the visual panorama was blocked but scanning only increased along the rest of the route when the front, back, higher, or lower elevations were blocked. Ants meandered more when the front, the back, or the higher elevations were obscured. When everything except the canopy was blocked, the ants were quick and direct, but moved in random directions, as if to escape. We conclude that a clear front view, or a clear lower panorama is necessary for initial homeward headings. Furthermore, the canopy is neither necessary nor sufficient for homeward initial heading, and the back and upper segments of views, while not necessary, do make finding home easier. Discrepancies between image analysis and ant behaviour when the upper and lower views were blocked suggests that ants are selective in what portions of the scene they attend to or learn.
A nomogram for predicting good response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a retrospective, double-center, cohort study
Authors: Wang Guancong , Zheng Zhifang , Chen Jinhua , Ye Jiahong , Tang Zihan , Fang Yicong , Yao Kaiyuan , Zeng Qunzhang , Yang Yugang , Tang Haiwen , Lin Bijuan , Guo Yincong , Huang Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical factors associated with achieving good response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and to develop and validate a nomogram.

Methods
A total of 1724 consecutive LARC patients treated at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2010 to December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated as the training cohort; 267 consecutive LARC patients treated at Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University during the same period were evaluated as the external 2 cohorts. Based on the pathological results after radical surgery, treatment response was defined as follows: good response, stage ypT0∼2N0M0 and poor response, ypT3∼4N0M0 and/or N positive. Independent influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression, a nomogram was developed and validated, and the model was evaluated using internal and external data cohorts for validation.

Results
In the training cohort, 46.6% of patients achieved good response after nCRT combined with radical surgery. The rate of the retained anus was higher in the good response group (93.5% vs. 90.7%, P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of overall survival and disease-free survival was significantly lower among good response patients than poor response patients, HR = 0.204 (95%CI: 0.146–0.287). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent association with 9 clinical factors, including histopathology, and a nomogram with an excellent predictive response was developed accordingly. The C-index of the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was 0.764 (95%CI: 0.742–0.786), the internal validation of the 200 bootstrap replication mean C-index was 0.764, and the external validation cohort showed an accuracy C-index of 0.789 (95%CI: 0.734–0.844), with good accuracy of the model.

Conclusion
We identified factors associated with achieving good response in LARC after treatment with nCRT and developed a nomogram to contribute to clinical decision-making.
Ocrelizumab effect on humoral and cellular immunity in multiple sclerosis and its clinical correlates: a 3-year observational study
Authors: Capasso Nicola , Palladino Raffaele , Cerbone Vincenza , Spiezia Antonio Luca , Covelli Bianca , Fiore Antonia , Lanzillo Roberta , Carotenuto Antonio , Petracca Maria , Stanziola Lucia , Scalia Giulia , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Moccia Marcello 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aim to evaluate 3-year effects of ocrelizumab (humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)) on lymphocytes, neutrophils and immunoglobulins: (1) when compared with pre-infusion assessment; (2) over the course of treatment; and (3) possible clinical correlates of the observed immunological modifications.

Methods
This real-world observational cohort study has been conducted on prospectively collected data from 78 MS patients (mean age 47.8 ± 10.5 years; females 48.7%) commencing on ocrelizumab from 2018, with mean follow-up of 36.5 ± 6.8 months. Clinical data and blood samples were collected every three months. Total lymphocyte count and subpopulations were assessed on peripheral blood using flow cytometry. Serum immunoglobulins were evaluated with nephelometry.

Results
When compared with pre-infusion values, we observed reduction of total, CD19 and CD20 lymphocyte counts; however, after the first infusion, their levels remained substantially stable. Over time we observed a progressive reduction of CD8 lymphocytes, while no changes were observed for CD4, CD27, CD3CD27, and CD19CD27. After the first infusion, we observed reduction in IgG, which further decreased during the follow-up. Higher probability of EDSS progression was associated with reduced modulation of CD8 lymphocytes.

Interpretation
Ocrelizumab affects both humoral and cellular immune responses. Disability progression over the follow-up was associated with lower CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte reduction. Changes in humoral response are immediate and sustained, while modulation of cellular immunity occurs progressively through regular re-treatment, and is related to clinical stability.
Guanosine modulates K+ membrane currents in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of adenosine receptors
Authors: Gambino Giuditta , Giglia Giuseppe , Gallo Daniele , Scordino Miriana , Giardina Costanza , Zuccarini Mariachiara , Di Iorio Patrizia , Giuliani Patricia , Ciruela Francisco , Ferraro Giuseppe , Mudò Giuseppa , Sardo Pierangelo , Di Liberto Valentina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGuanosine (GUO), widely considered a key signaling mediator, is implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes. While its interaction with neural membranes has been described, GUO still is an orphan neuromodulator. It has been postulated that GUO may eventually interact with potassium channels and adenosine (ADO) receptors (ARs), both particularly important for the control of cellular excitability. Accordingly, here, we investigated the effects of GUO on the bioelectric activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We first explored the contribution of voltage-dependent K+ channels and, besides this, the role of ARs in the regulation of GUO-dependent cellular electrophysiology. Our data support that GUO is able to specifically modulate K+-dependent outward currents over cell membranes. Importantly, administering ADO along with GUO potentiates its effects. Overall, these results suggested that K+ outward membrane channels may be targeted by GUO with an implication of ADO receptors in SH-SY5Y cells, but also support the hypothesis of a functional interaction of the two ligands. The present research runs through the leitmotif of the deorphanization of GUO, adding insight on the interplay with adenosinergic signaling and suggesting GUO as a powerful modulator of SH-SY5Y excitability.
A multi-head adjacent attention-based pyramid layered model for nested named entity recognition
Authors: Cui Shengmin , Joe Inwhee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNamed entity recognition (NER) is one of the widely studied natural language processing tasks in recent years. Conventional solutions treat the NER as a sequence labeling problem, but these approaches cannot handle nested NER. This is due to the fact that nested NER refers to the case where one entity contains another entity and it is not feasible to tag each token with a single tag. The pyramid model stacksLflat NER layers for prediction, which subtly enumerates all spans with length less than or equal toL. However, the original model introduces a block consisting of a convolutional layer and a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) layer as the decoder, which does not consider the dependency between adjacent inputs and the Bi-LSTM cannot perform parallel computation on sequential inputs. For the purpose of improving performance and reducing the forward computation, we propose a Multi-Head Adjacent Attention-based Pyramid Layered model. In addition, when constructing a pyramid structure for span representation, the information of the intermediate words has more proportion than words on the two sides. To address this imbalance in the span representation, we fuse the output of the attention layer with the features of head and tail words when doing classification. We conducted experiments on nested NER datasets such as GENIA, SciERC, and ADE to validate the effectiveness of our proposed model.