bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food costs in vegetarian, vegan and omnivore diets of children and adolescents - Results of the cross-sectional VeChi Youth Study
Authors: Hohoff Eva , Zahn Helena , Weder Stine , Fischer Morwenna , Längler Alfred , Michalsen Andreas , Keller Markus , Alexy Ute 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim was to analyse total food costs (€/day, €/1000kcal) and the impact of food groups to total food costs among vegetarian, vegan and omnivore children and adolescents in Germany.Methods: Based on 390 three-day weighed dietary records of 6-18-year-old children and adolescents of the VeChi Youth Study, total daily food costs and food group costs (both €/day, €/1000kcal) of a vegetarian (n=145 study participants), vegan (n=110) and omnivore (n=135) diet were calculated. Minimum retail prices of 1,000 empirically selected foods reported in the dietary records were linked to individual food intakes. Group differences were analysed using ANCOVA. For food groups with a high number of non-consumers, Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed.Results: Vegans had the highest energy adjusted total food costs at 2.98 €/1000kcal, vegetarians the lowest at 2.52 €/1000 kcal. Omnivores also had significantly higher costs than vegetarians with 2.83 €/1000 kcal (p=0.01) but total costs did not differ significantly between omnivores and vegans (€/d and €/1000 kcal). Compared to vegetarians vegans had significantly higher daily expenditures (€/day) on fruit (p=0.0003), vegetables (p=0.006), dairy alternatives (p=0.0003) and legumes/nuts (p=0.0003). Expenditure on starchy foods was significantly higher in vegetarian or vegan than in omnivore diets (p=0.0003). Omnivores spent a quarter of total food costs on animal source foods (25%), which is equivalent to the sum of food costs for legumes/nuts, dairy alternatives, meat alternatives in vegans and additionally dairy in vegetarians.Conclusion: In the VeChi Youth Study a vegetarian diet pattern was the least expensive compared to an omnivore diet pattern, and food costs of a vegan pattern are comparable with an omnivore pattern.
Craniosynostosis: Surgical Treatment and Safety 16 years experience
Authors: A Rinaudo Marini F , J Pueyrredon F , G Velazquez Quintar D , D Campana J , I Garavaglia F , J Herrera E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Craniosynostosis is defined as the early and pathological closure of one or several skull sutures which limits brain growth and development. It has an incidence of 1 over 2000–2500 live births. Main concerns about its surgical management refers to the preoperative study, surgical timing and technique. Methods. For this study we retrospectively review medical records of patients surgically treated in our institution between january 2006 and december 2021. We studied variety, sex and age distribution, surgical technic and complications. Results. During the period of study 84 children were surgically treated, 69% were males (58 patients) with a mean age of 6 months, the follow-up period was between 1-180 months. The variety distribution of non syndromic craniosynostosis was Scaphocephaly (51; 61%) Trigonocephaly (14; 16.5%) Anterior Plagiocephaly (8; 9.5%), Brachycephaly (3; 3,5%) Posterior Plagiocephaly (2; 2.5%) and one case of Oxycephaly (1%), we described 5 syndromic cases (6%). There were 4 complications and no mortality in our series.Discussion. In our series of 84 patiends we had a sex and variaty distribution similar to other reposts. Our incidence and type of complication was also similar to those described by other authors.Conclusion. Craniosynostosis is a rare entity in the general population but usual in pediatric neurosurgery, it's early recognition and adequate referral to a specialized unit gives the better chances of good esthetic and functional results for the patient.
1H NMR Metabolomics Analysis of Oil Palm Stem Tissue that Infected by Ganoderma boninense Based on Field Severity Indices
Authors: Pancoro Adi , Karima Elfina , Apriyanto Ardha , Effendi Yunus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Basal stem rot disease (BSR) caused by G. boninense affects most oil palm plants in Southeast Asia. This disease can be fatal to palm oil production. BSR shows no signs on the tree in the early stages of infection. Therefore, it is essential to find an approach that can detect BSR disease in oil palm, especially at any level of disease severity in the field. This study aims to identify biomarkers of BSR disease in oil palm stem tissue based on various disease severity indices in the field using 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis. The crude extract of oil palm stem tissue with four disease severity indices was analyzed by 1H NMR metabolomics. Approximately 90 metabolites from oil palm stem tissue were identified, and 20 of these were identified as metabolites that significantly differentiated the four disease severity indices. These metabolites include the organic acid group, the carbohydrate group, the organoheterocyclic compound group, and the benzoid group. In addition, different biomarkers for different disease severity indices were also identified. These biomarkers consist of groups of organic acids, carbohydrates, organoheterocyclic compounds, nitrogenous organic compounds, and benzene. There are five pathways in oil palm that are potentially affected by BSR disease.
Agricultural Export and Economic Growth with application of Co-integration model: The Case of Live Animal, Meat and Leather Products in Ethiopia
Authors: Tigabu Yalfal Temesgen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Economic growth is an increase in productive capacity of an economy. There is different school of thought on economic growth including from the classical to solo-swan economic growth theories. Export sector of the country were seen as engine to economic growth through economies of scale, accessing the markets and expanding trade. This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between export and economic growth, special focusing on agricultural export (meat, live animal and leather export) in Ethiopia. The data used for this study were a time series data from 1971 to 2018. The data were analyzed using co-integration model and vector error correction model. The finding of the study showed that consumer price index and live animal export) were affecting real GDP negatively while meat export, exchange rate and gross fixed capital formation affects real GDP positivity in the long run. The result from the short run matrix showed that the coefficient of error correction term for the equation is significant and negative, which indicates there is a reasonable adjustment towards the long rung steady state. This guarantees that the real GDP may temporally deviate from its long equilibrium value and converge to its equilibrium. The value of error correction term (-0.31146) indicated that about 31% of the deviation of real GDP from its equilibrium value is eliminated every year, as a result the full adjustment would require a period of more than three years. Live animal export is significant and its coefficient is negatively related to real GDP, indicating that it has unfavorable effect on real GDP in short run. Export of meat, Exchange rate, total labour, and GFCF were found is significant and its coefficient is positively related to real GDP in the short run. The result from the causality test revealed that there is bi-directional causality between meat export and real GDP and unidirectional causality between live animal, leather export and real GDP.
Possibilities of local people to coexist with large carnivores in the eastern Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Mbise Franco Peniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Creating harmonic coexistence between large carnivores and local people requires proper and strategic management practices to be employed by integrating locals’ and researchers’ knowledge. In the present study, a total of 180 respondents from the Maasai tribe (n = 90) and Sonjo tribe (n = 90) in eastern Serengeti, northern Tanzania, were randomly selected to test their views on their coexistence with large carnivores. The majority of the respondents (52%) agreed that there are possibilities to coexist with large carnivores if local and government measures are implemented. However, Maasai people (76%) were more willing to coexist with large carnivores than Sonjo people were (25%). In addition, local people strongly recommended the use of wired bomas and adult herders accompanied by domestic dogs. These are the possible measures that could promote the coexistence between people and large carnivores in eastern Serengeti.
Effective Classroom Practices for Unlocking Students’ Potentials in Mathematics
Authors: Mkenda Theresia B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite several measures that have been employed by different stakeholders to improve the teaching and learning of mathematics subject in Tanzania, the students’ pass rate in form four national examinations has been less than 25% for more than ten (10) consecutive years now. This persistent massive failure in mathematics can be highly associated with teaching strategies that are used by teachers when delivering their lessons, students’ attitudes toward the subject and the general school/learning environments that surround the students. This paper analyzes the most effective strategies that can be employed by teachers and other stakeholders to make mathematics lessons more meaningful and help students develop strong positive attitudes toward the subject, hence unlocking their potential in mathematics. These strategies were first compiled from a scoping review of previous scholarly works and then shared with mathematics teachers and students in selected secondary schools in Kilimanjaro region -Tanzania, to assess the practicability and relevance of the proposed strategies in daily teaching and learning processes. Additionally, the suggested strategies were used by Mwenge Catholic University students who participated in the volunteering programme of teaching mathematics subject in the selected schools during the Teaching Support Programme. Teachers’ feedback, students’ feedback and the lessons learned from the math Teaching Support Programme helped the researchers confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategies and suggest promising interventions that can help to unlock students’ potentials in mathematics.
Polydopamine nanomedicine-enabled antioxidation against senescence
Authors: Han Jiamei , Wang Jiao , Shi Hongwei , Li Qian , Zhang Shibo , Wu Hao , Li Wenjun , Zhuang Cheng , Gan Linhua , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Brown-Borg Holly , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response characterized by cells irreversibly stopping dividing and entering a state of permanent growth arrest. One of the underlying causes of senescence is the oxidative stress-induced damage, indicating that eliminating the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may be beneficial to prevent and/or alleviate senescence. Herein, we develop biocompatible ultra-small polydopamine nanoparticles (UPDA NPs) featuring broad-spectrum RONS-scavenging capacities. The UPDA NPs can restore senescence-related renal function, tissue homeostasis, fur density and motor ability in mice, potentially associated with the regulation of multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, energy homeostasis, telomerase activity, neuroprotection, and inflammatory responses. We also demonstrate that the dietary UPDA NPs can reduce the RONS level, enhance the climbing ability and prolong the lifespan of Drosophila. Our findings reveal that the developed UPDA NPs can delay aging through RONS elimination and provide a paradigm and practical strategy for clinically treating senescence and senescence-related diseases.
Multi-institutional analysis of central nervous system germ cell tumors in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Harris Micah K. , Graham Richard T. , Cappellano Andréa M. , Margol Ashley S. , Michaiel George , Crawford John R. , Ioakeim-Ioannidou Myrsini , Stanek Joseph R. , Liu Kevin X. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm in patients with Down syndrome (DS). However, a standard-of-care has not been established due to a paucity of data.
Methods
A retrospective multi-institutional analysis was conducted, in addition to a comprehensive review of the literature.
Results
Ten patients from six institutions (five USA, one Brazil) were identified, in addition to 31 patients in the literature from 1975 to 2021. Of the 41 total patients (mean age 9.9 years; 61% male), 16 (39%) had non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), 16 (39%) had pure germinomas and eight (19.5%) had teratomas. Basal ganglia was the most common tumor location (n = 13; 31.7%), followed by posterior fossa (n = 7; 17%). Nine patients (22%) experienced disease relapse or progression, of which four died from tumor progression (one germinoma, three teratomas). Sixteen patients (39%) experienced treatment-related complications, of which eight (50%) died (five germinomas, three NGGCTs). Of the germinoma patients, two died from chemotherapy-related sepsis, one from post-surgery cardiopulmonary failure, one from pneumonia and one from Moyamoya following radiation-therapy (RT). Of the NGGCT patients, one died from chemotherapy-related sepsis, one from post-surgical infection and one from pneumonia following surgery/chemotherapy/RT. Three-year overall survival was 66% for all histological types – 62% germinomas, 79% for NGGCTs, and 53% for teratomas.
Conclusion
Patients with DS treated for CNS GCTs are at an increased risk of treatment-related adverse events. A different therapeutic approach may need to be considered to mitigate treatment-related complications and long-term neurocognitive sequelae.
Preoperative inflammatory markers combined with tumor stage to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Bingbing , chen Longjiao , Guo Zhenqiang , Zheng Yihong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the role of preoperative inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocytes level) combined with tumor stage in the prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: A total of 70 CRC patients who were operated on between June 2016 and February 2019 were included in this study. A prognostic nomogram was established based on the integration of tumor stage prognostic factors with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte level, and compared with a nomogram based only on the prognostic factors of tumor stage. Survival risk and prediction accuracy were assessed by using the Harrell's concordance index (c-index).Results: The results of univariate analysis showed that high NLR, high PLR and low lymphocytes were significantly associated with reduced overall survival (OS) [HR:2.600, 95%CI: 1.008-6.711, P=0.0482; HR: 3.912, 95%CI: 1.427-10.73, P=0.008; HR:4.197, 95%CI: 1.623-10.86, P=0.003]. Furthermore, we contrasted the prediction accuracy of the three models, in which inflammation markers combined with tumor stage prediction accuracy [C-index: 0.803,95%CI: 0.711-0.895] was higher than inflammation markers alone or tumor stage [C-index: 0.735, 95%CI: 0.623-0.847; C-index: 0.787, 95%CI: 0.709-0.865], and constructed a nomogram.Conclusion: Preoperative inflammatory markers combined with tumor stage can better predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer compared with inflammatory markers or tumor stage alone.
Foreground Segmentation via Fusion using for Low Illumination Scene
Authors: Li Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Foreground segmentation (FS) plays a fundamental and important role in computer vision. In recent years, scholars have put forward many effective methods. However, these methods are limited in low illumination scenes. In order to improve the performance of FS in low illumination scene, a simple but effective method is proposed via feature extraction and RGB-D camera. Firstly, the coined Iterated Robust CUR (IRCUR) is used to get candidate foreground for depth image sequence. At the same time, the RGB image sequence is segmented using the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC). Then, feature extraction is performed on the candidate matrix region corresponding to the super-pixel block. Then, the neural network is trained by using the acquired super-pixel features. Experiments show that the average F-measure value of this method is 35% higher than that of other methods only based on RGB images.
Patient positioning during Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for distal ureteric stone: transgluteal vs transabdominal approach
Authors: Boyarsky Leonid , Lorber Amitay , Yutkin Vladimir , Gofrit Ofer , Duvdevani Mordechai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and the safety of transabdominal versus the transgluteal approach during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for distal ureteral calculi.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis of 146 patients with a single distal ureteric stone, who underwent SWL in supine position, was performed. Stone dimensions, density, and the skin to stone distance (SSD) were obtained from preoperative computer tomography. In 76 cases, the procedure was performed using a transabdominal approach (Group 1). In 67 cases, SWL was performed via transgluteal approach, with shockwave source being placed below the patient (Group2). Stone-free rate (SFR), need for stenting, auxiliary procedures and complications rate was assessed for each group.ResultsDemographic characteristics and stone features were similar in both groups. The mean stone size was 6.14 (3.4-11.2) mm in group 1 and 6.17 (3.1-15.8) mm in group 2. The skin to stone distance was 114.23 ± 26.83 mm and 103.84 ± 14.69 mm for Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p=0.004). The SFR was 54% and 85% for transabdominal and transgluteal approaches, respectively. (p=0.0004). Ureteral stenting was performed in 16% of transabdominal and in 4% of transgluteal interventions (p=0.03). Auxiliary intervention was performed in 25% of group 1 patients and in 8% of group 2. The complication rate was 16% and 7% for transabdominal and transgluteal and approaches, respectively. No serious postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionSupine, transgluteal position SWL for the distal ureteral stone had a higher stone-free-rate, lower complications rate and lower need stenting for additional procedures.
Optimization of Mechanical Design of Bladeless Wind Turbine in Electricity Fulfilment in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhany Muhammad Farhan , Kusuma Theo Aden , Chelsie Yessika Natalia , Adhi Ganda Satria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current government's goal is the realization of an even distribution of the electrification ratio in Indonesia. However, in 2018 the electrification ratio in NTT only reached 62.07%. One of the solutions offered is the implementation of PLTB based on Bladeless Wind Turbine (BWT). BWT is a type of PLTB that can work optimally in areas with wind speeds of 3 to d. 8 m/s, which is still above the NTT average wind speed of 2.3 m/s. This study aims to optimize the mechanical design of BWT with shape and size parameters based on the manipulation of the coefficient of friction through CFD simulations that can work optimally according to wind speed in NTT. In this study, 3 design variations were used, namely Initial Design, Modified Design 1, and Modified Design 2. Based on the research that has been done, MD2 has better results than MD1 and ID, and it can be said that MD2 can work optimally in wind speed areas. low. So MD2 is a mechanical design model that is very suitable to be applied in NTT and is expected to be a recommendation in making masts for BWT-based PLTB in Indonesia.
Contact stabilization process for hospital wastewater treatment: effects of colloidal organic matter
Authors: Maleki Shahrzad , Momeni Yasaman , Monajemi Parjang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the treatability of hospital wastewater was investigated using a contact stabilization process on a laboratory scale. A detention time of one hour was selected for sludge settling and separation of treated effluent, and removal efficiency was measured at contact times of 30, 60, and 90 min, and stabilization times of 4.5 and 5.5 h. Based on the different detention times, 6 series of experiments were designed. Results showed that after an initial rapid COD removal in the first 30 min, COD values fluctuate in the time range of 30–90 min. However, in the case where COD values reduce in the second stage, this recovery is negligible; thus, the time of 30 min is considered as the optimal detention time for the contact reactor. Sludge volume index (SVI) values of 119.20 and 109.17 mL/g were obtained for stabilization times of 4.5 and 5.5 h, respectively. Therefore, the longer the stabilization time, the closer the SVI is to 100 mL/g. Moreover, lower settled sludge volume (SSV) value at 5.5 h of stabilization shows better characteristics compared to 4.5 h of stabilization. Furthermore, COD removal efficiency at the optimum contact time is higher when 5.5 h is selected for stabilization.
Nemzetközi jégkorong egyesületek CSR tevékenységei
Authors: Márton Laura 
Published: April 2022

Nemzetközi viszonylatban elmondható, hogy napjainkra a társadalmi felelősségvállalás (corporate social responsibility – CSR) egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kap a sportszervezeteknél. Ezzel párhuzamosan, folyamatosan nő azon nemzetközi kutatások és tanulmányok köre, melyek a CSR koncepció gyakorlatba való megjelenését vizsgálják a sportban.
Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy szakértői interjúk segítségével bemutassa, a CSR filozófia helyét, szerepét és gyakorlati megjelenését a sportban és egyes régre gyökerező, jégkorong kultúrával rendelkező finn és svéd jégkorong egyesületek esetében. Választ kaphatunk arra, hogy miként integrálták mindennapi működésükbe a környezetvédelmi tevékenységeket és a társadalom segítését. Külföldi jó gyakorlatokat olvashatunk, melyek alapján ez a tanulmány segítséget nyújthat hazai sportegyesületeknek, CSR tevékenységük kialakításához.
Konstrukciós megoldások az utoléréses balesetek következményeinek csökkentésére
Authors: Kertész József , Dr. Kovács Tünde 
Published: April 2022

A baleseti statisztikákat vizsgálva azt tapasztalhatjuk, hogy a közlekedés biztonság fokozása egy indokolt mérnöki tevékenység. A közúti forgalomban részt vevő járművek darabszámának évről-évre történő szignifikáns növekedését a városi infrastruktúra és úthálózat gyakran nem tudja már lekövetni. Ezért a növekvő jármű darabszám természetesen magával vonja a közúti balesetek számának növekvő tendenciáját is. A jármű-konstrukciós ütközésbiztonság fokozás célja, hogy a növekvő balesetszám ellenére a személyi sérüléssel járó esetek számát csökkentse. A statisztikák szerint a balesetek jelentős része városban és az elővárosi szakaszokon történik. Ezen balesetek jelentős hányadát az utol-éréses balesetek adják. Jelen tanulmány az utol-éréses balesetek következményeinek csökkentése érdekében alkalmazott konstrukciós lehetőségeket vizsgálja, első sorban a vétlen jármű és utasai védelme érdekében létrehozott technológiákra fókuszálva. A jelenleg alkalmazott technológiák mellett jövőbemutató lehetséges megoldások és konstrukciós lehetőségek is bemutatásra kerülnek. A fejlesztés és kutatás nem koncentrálódhat csak az ütközésbiztonság fokozására, figyelembe kell venni a jármű tömegének optimalizációját is. Ezen látszólag ellentétes követelmények teljesítése csak új anyagok alkalmazásával, meglévő anyagok integrációjával lehetséges. Ezért a tanulmány a járművek gyűrődő zónáiban alkalmazott fémhabok optimálisabb kihasználásával is foglalkozik. Továbbá megfogalamzásra kerül egy, a Mercedes által kifejlesztett Pre Safe Plus® rendszeren alapuló optimalizált fékasszisztensi megoldás az ütközési energia nagyobb mértékű abszorbciója érdekében.