bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mask Use to Curtail Influenza in a Post–COVID-19 World: Modeling Study
Authors: Froese Henri , A Prempeh Angel G 
Published: May 2022

Background
Face mask mandates have been instrumental in the reduction of transmission of airborne COVID-19. Thus, the question arises whether comparatively mild measures should be kept in place after the pandemic to reduce other airborne diseases such as influenza.

Objective
In this study, we aim to simulate the quantitative impact of face masks on the rate of influenza illnesses in the United States.

Methods
Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data from 2010 to 2019, we used a series of differential equations to simulate past influenza seasons, assuming that people wore face masks. This was achieved by introducing a variable to account for the efficacy and prevalence of masks and then analyzing its impact on influenza transmission rate in a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model fit to the actual past seasons. We then compared influenza rates in this hypothetical scenario with the actual rates over the seasons.

Results
Our results show that several combinations of mask efficacy and prevalence can substantially reduce the burden of seasonal influenza. Across all the years modeled, a mask prevalence of 0.2 (20%) and assumed moderate inward and outward mask efficacy of 0.45 (45%) reduced influenza infections by >90%.

Conclusions
A minority of individuals wearing masks substantially reduced the number of influenza infections across seasons. Considering the efficacy rates of masks and the relatively insignificant monetary cost, we highlight that it may be a viable alternative or complement to influenza vaccinations.
An Examination of Patients and Caregivers on Reddit Navigating Brain Cancer: Content Analysis of the Brain Tumor Subreddit
Authors: Tripathi Sanidhya D , Parker Pearman D , Prabhu Arpan V , Thomas Kevin , Rodriguez Analiz 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundOccurring in up to 40% of all patients with cancer, the incidence of brain tumors has caused limited survival, a high psychosocial burden, and an increase in the loss of decision-making capability for the unique population. Although specific symptoms depend on the type of brain tumor, a clinical team of physicians, nurses, and other individuals commonly assist patients and their caregivers with how to tackle the upcoming challenges of their diagnosis. Despite the support from clinical team members, many patients and caregivers may still seek outside support through social media to process their emotions and seek comfort outside of the clinical setting. Specifically, online resources such as Reddit are used where users are provided with the anonymity they need to show their true behavior without fear of judgment. In this study, we aimed to examine trends from Reddit discussion threads on brain tumors to identify areas of need in patient care.ObjectiveOur primary aims were to determine the type of Reddit user posting, classify the specific brain tumors that were the subject of the posts, and examine the content of the original posts.MethodsWe used a qualitative descriptive design to understand patients’ and caregivers’ unmet and met needs. We selected posts from the top-rated 100 posts from the r/braincancer subreddit from February 2017 to June 2020 to identify common themes using content analysis.ResultsThe qualitative content analysis revealed how Reddit users primarily used the forum as a method to understand and process the emotions surrounding a brain tumor diagnosis. Three major topic areas from content analysis emerged as prominent themes, including (1) harnessing hope, (2) moving through the grief process, and (3) expressing gratitude toward other Reddit users. Most of the authors of the posts were patients with brain tumors (32/88, 36%) who used Reddit as a reflective journaling tool to process the associated emotions of a challenging diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study shows the potential of Reddit to serve as a unique group therapy platform for patients affected by brain tumors. Our results highlight the support provided by the Reddit community members as a unique mechanism to assist cancer survivors and caregivers with the emotional processing of living with brain tumors. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of recommending Reddit as a therapeutic virtual community and the need for implementing online resources as a part of a health care professional’s repertoire to understand the level of support they can give their patients.
Bronchopulmonary Penetration of Isavuconazole in Pulmonary Transplant Recipients (PBISA01): Protocol for a Phase IV Clinical Trial With a Single Treatment Arm
Authors: Darnaude-Ximénez Ignacio , Caballero-Bermejo Antonio F , Ruiz-Antorán Belén , Aguilar-Pérez Myriam , Gómez-López Alicia , Sancho-López Aranzazu , García-Fadul Cristian , Diago-Sempere Elena , Valle Falcones Manuel , Ussetti-Gil Piedad , Avendaño-Solá Cristina ,   PBISA01-Study Group
Published: May 2022

Background
Aspergillosis is the most frequently observed invasive fungal disease (IFD) in lung transplant recipients. Isavuconazole (ISA) has shown a better safety profile and noninferiority to voriconazole in the treatment of patients with IFD.

Objective
The aim of this study is to describe the bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetic profile of oral ISA by analyzing the degree of penetration in the epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages in patients receiving lung transplantation with a diagnosis of IFD.

Methods
A total of 12 patients aged ≥18 years receiving a lung transplant with an IFD diagnosis and indication for ISA treatment and follow-up bronchoscopy will be included in the study. After 5 days of treatment with ISA and before the treatment is discontinued, the patients will be randomized (1:1:1:1) to perform the scheduled bronchoscopy at various times after the administration of ISA (2, 4, 8, and 12 hours). In total, 4 blood samples will be obtained per patient: at 72 hours after treatment initiation, on the day of the bronchoscopy, at the time of the bronchoalveolar lavage (simultaneously), and at 7 days after treatment initiation, to analyze tacrolimus and ISA plasma levels. ISA concentrations will be measured in plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar macrophages by a high-performance liquid chromatography/UV coupled to fluorescence method.

Results
Enrollment for the PBISA01 trial began in October 2020 and was completed in October 2021. All samples will be analyzed once recruitment is complete, and the results are expected to be published in October 2022.

Conclusions
There are no clinical studies that analyze the bronchopulmonary penetration of ISA. Bronchoalveolar lavage performed routinely in the follow-up of lung transplant recipients constitutes an opportunity to analyze the bronchopulmonary penetration of ISA.

Trial Registration
European Clinical Trials Register 2019-004240-30; www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2019-004240-30/ES

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/37275
Kompromisasi Kontradiksi Makna Tiupan Sangkakala dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Nur Ihsan , Arham Isra Fadhillah 
Published: May 2022

The beginning of the apocalypse is when the first and second trumpets are blown. QS. al-Mu'minun verse 101 explains that after the trumpet blast, the two humans will be resurrected separately, kinship relations are no longer valid and there are no more questions. However, QS. Thaha verses 102-104 state that when he is resurrected, there are people who ask each other questions. This paper wants to discuss the interpretation of the scholars of the interpretation of the contradictions of the text of the verses about the blowing of the trumpet. The results showed that the trumpet blast in QS. al-Mu'minun verse 101 and Thaha verse 102-104 are both the second trumpet blast but in a different human context. QS. al-Mu'minun verse 101 talks about humans as a whole where when they are resurrected they are in their own state without any family relationship. While QS. Thaha verses 102-104 talk about the disbelievers and when they are resurrected they will have a blue face. The commentators interpret the textual contradiction of the verse by saying that humans do not speak when they are on their way to Padang Mahsyar and the condition of wondering occurs when humans are already in the Mahsyar field. Permulaan terjadi kiamat adalah ketika sangkakala pertama dan kedua ditiupkan. QS. al-Mu’minun ayat 101 menjelaskan bahwa setelah tiupan sangkakala kedua manusia akan dibangkitkan dalam keadaan sendiri-sendiri, tidak berlaku lagi hubungan kekerabatan dan tidak ada lagi yang bertanya-tanya. Namun, QS. Thaha ayat 102-104 menyatakan bahwa ketika dibangkitkan ada di antara manusia yang saling bertanya-tanya. Tulisan ini ingin mendiskusikan penafsiran ulama tafsir terhadap kontradiksi teks ayat-ayat tentang tiupan sangkakala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang dimaksud tiupan sangkakala pada QS. al-Mu’minun ayat 101 dan Thaha ayat 102-104 adalah sama-sama tiupan sangkakala yang kedua, namun dalam konteks manusia yang berbeda. QS. al-Mu’minun ayat 101 berbicara tentang manusia secara keseluruhan dimana ketika dibangkitkan mereka dalam keadaan sendiri-sendiri tidak ada hubungan keluarga. Sedangkan QS. Thaha ayat 102-104 membicarakan tentang orang kafir dan ketika dibangkitkan mereka dalam keadaan wajah berwarna biru. Ulama tafsir memaknai kontradiksi tekstual ayat tersebut dengan mengatakan bahwa manusia tidak berkata-kata ketika berada dalam perjalanan menuju ke Padang mahsyar dan kondisi bertanya-tanya terjadi ketika manusia sudah berada di padang mahsyar.
Supporting Information for "A Collapsible Soft Actuator Facilitates Performance in Constrained Environments"
Authors: Rogatinsky Jacob , Gomatam Kiran , Lim Zi Heng , Lee Megan , Kinnicutt Lorenzo , Duriez Christian , Thomson Perry , McDonald Kevin , Ranzani Tommaso 
Published: May 2022

Complex environments, such as those found in surgical and
search-and-rescue applications, require soft devices to adapt to minimal
space conditions without sacrificing the ability to complete dexterous
tasks. Stacked Balloon Actuators (SBAs) are capable of large
deformations despite folding nearly flat when deflated, making them
ideal candidates for such applications. This paper presents the design,
fabrication, modeling, and characterization of monolithic, inflatable,
soft SBAs. Modeling is presented using analytical principles based on
geometry, and then using conventional and real-time finite element
methods. Both one and three degree-of-freedom (DoF) SBAs are fully
characterized with regards to stroke, force, and workspace. Finally,
three representative demonstrations show the SBA’s small-aperture
navigation, bracing, and workspace-enhancing capabilities.
Diabetic neuropathy in hands: An endemic complication waiting to unfold?
Authors: Sierra-Silvestre Eva , Andrade Ricardo J. , Schroeter Andrea C. , Bisset Leanne , Coppieters Michel W. 
Published: May 2022

<p> </p>
<p>This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the somatosensory dysfunction in the hand in people with diabetes with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) in hands; and explore early signs of nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes without DSPN in hands. The clinical diagnosis of DSPN was confirmed with electrodiagnosis and corneal confocal microscopy. Thermal and mechanical nerve function in the hand was assessed using Quantitative Sensory Tests. Measurements were compared between healthy participants (n=31), people with diabetes without DSPN (n=35), people with DSPN in feet but not hands (DSPN FEET ONLY; n=31); and people with DSPN in hands and feet (DSPN HANDS & FEET; n=28) using one-way between-group analyses of variance. The somatosensory profile of the hand in people with DSPN HANDS & FEET showed widespread loss of thermal and mechanical detection. This profile in hands is comparable to the profile in the feet of people with DSPN in feet. Remarkably, people with DSPN FEET ONLY already showed a similar profile of widespread loss of nerve function in their hands. People with diabetes without DSPN in feet already had some nerve dysfunction in their hands. These findings suggest that nerve function assessment in hands should become more routine in people with diabetes.</p>
The Effect of Glucagon on Protein Catabolism During Insulin Deficiency - Exchange of Amino acids across Skeletal Muscle and the Splanchnic Bed
Authors: James Haleigh , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Manjunatha Shankarappa , Dasari Surendra , Lanza Ian R. , Klaus Katherine A. , Vella Adrian , Andrews James C. , Nair K. Sreekumaran 
Published: May 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Transient insulin deprivation with concurrent hyperglucagonemia is a catabolic state that can occur in type 1 diabetes. To evaluate glucagon’s catabolic effect in the setting of its glucogenic effect, we measured the regional exchanges of amino-metabolites across muscle and splanchnic beds in 16 healthy humans during either somatostatin followed by glucagon or a saline infusion alone. Despite a <u>></u>2-fold increase in the regional exchange of amino-metabolites by glucagon, whole body kinetics and concentrations of amino acids (AAs) remained stable. Glucagon increased the splanchnic uptake of not only gluconeogenic but also essential amino acids (EAAs) while increasing their release from the muscle bed. Regional tracer-based kinetics and 3-methyl-histidine release indicate that EAA release from muscle is likely caused by reduced protein synthesis rather than increased protein degradation. Furthermore, many metabolites known to affect insulin action and metabolism were altered by hyperglucagonemia including increase in branched amino acids and keto acids of leucine and isoleucine in arterial plasma. Further, an increase in arterial concentrations of α-aminoadipic acid arising from increased conversion from lysine in the splanchnic bed was noted. These results demonstrate that hyperglucagonemia during hypoinsulinemia increases net muscle protein catabolism and substantially increases the exchange of amino metabolites across splanchnic and muscle beds. </p>
Antibody-mediated targeting of a hybrid-insulin-peptide towards neonatal thymic Langerin+ cells enhances T cell central tolerance and delays autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Lin Yong , Perovanovic Jelena , Kong Yuelin , Igyarto Botond Z. , Zurawski Sandra , Tantin Dean , Zurawski Gerard , Bettini Maria , Bettini Matthew L. 
Published: May 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Thymic presentation of self-antigens is critical for establishing a functional yet self-tolerant T cell population. Hybrid peptides formed through transpeptidation within pancreatic beta cell lysosomes have been proposed as a new class of autoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). While the production of hybrid peptides in the thymus has not been explored, due to the nature of their generation, it is thought to be highly unlikely. Therefore, hybrid peptide-reactive thymocytes may preferentially escape thymic selection and contribute significantly to T1D progression. Using an antibody-peptide conjugation system, we targeted the 2.5HIP hybrid peptide towards thymic resident Langerin+ dendritic cells to enhance thymic presentation during the early neonatal period. Our results indicated that anti-Langerin-2.5HIP delivery can enhance T cell central tolerance toward cognate thymocytes in NOD.BDC2.5 mice. Strikingly, a single dose treatment with anti-Langerin-2.5HIP during neonatal period delayed diabetes onset in NOD mice, indicating the potential of antibody-mediated delivery of autoimmune neo-antigens during early stages of life as a therapeutic option in the prevention of autoimmune diseases.</p>
Infant mesenchymal stem cell insulin action is associated with maternal plasma free fatty acids, independent of obesity status: The Healthy Start Study
Authors: Chaves Alec B , Zheng Donghai , Johnson Jonathan A , Bergman Bryan C , Patinkin Zachary W , Zaegel Vincent , Biagioni Ericka M , Krassovskaia Polina , Broskey Nicholas T , May Linda E , Dabelea Dana , Houmard Joseph A , Boyle Kristen E 
Published: May 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Preclinical rodent and non-human primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment for development of insulin resistance in the offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight (NW) or mothers with obesity (Ob). Insulin stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis <em>in vitro</em>. And there was no difference in insulin action based on maternal obesity. However, maternal free fatty acid concentration, cord leptin, and intracellular triglyceride content were positively correlated with insulin action. Furthermore, MSCs from offspring born to mothers with elevated FFA displayed elevated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that infants born to mothers with elevated lipid availability have greater insulin action in MSC, which may indicate upregulation of growth and lipid storage pathways during periods of maternal overnutrition.</p>
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Analisa Dampak Pemasangan Static Var Compensator (SVC) pada IPP PLTBg 2x1.5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan terhadap Sistem Distribusi 20kV Penyulang Rambutan
Authors: Priyana Fahrur Riza Priyana , Khairudin Khairudin , Purwasih Nining , Hakim Lukmanul 
Published: May 2022

IPP PLTBg 2x1,5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan merupakan distributed generator yang sinkron ke sistem distribusi penyulang rambutan 20kV di kawasan sistem gardu induk PLN Seputih Banyak Lampung Tengah. Berdasarkan data operasi pembangkitan tahun 2021, IPP PLTBg 2x1,5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan hanya mampu menyuplai energi listrik sebesar 9,73GWh dari target 16,38GWh. Salah satu penyebab tidak tercapainya target suplai energi listrik adalah rendahnya Utilization Factor generator. Tegangan overvoltage pada penyulang rambutan ketika kondisi beban light load dan middle load mengakibatkan pengurangan daya pembangkitan generator. Pada penelitian ini, mengakomodir pemasangan SVC Medium Voltage 2,4MVAr untuk mekompensasi daya reaktif dan meregulasi tegangan ketika terjadi fluktuasi pembebanan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dan analisis, SVC MV 2,4MVAr secara teknis layak dan untuk dipasang pada busbar outgoing IPP PLTBg 2x1,5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan. Selain itu, pemasangan SVC MV 2,4MVAr berpotensi meningkatkan Utilization Factor generator sebesar 8,57% dan meningkatkan produktivitas generator serta mencegah timbulnya energy loss.
Kata kunci – PLTBg, Utilization Factor, SVC, Overvoltage
ANALISIS KEGAGALAN STRUKTUR BANGUNAN RUMAH TINGGAL DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA LINIER
Authors: Leny Elvira Yosafat Aji Pranata 
Published: May 2022

Komponen utama penyusun struktur bangunan rumah tinggal adalah kolom dan balok. Dinding bata sebenarnya merupakan komponen struktur utama pula, namun sering diasumsikan sebagai komponen non-struktural dalam peraturan SNI 03-2847-2002, sehingga pada umumnya pengaruh kekuatan dan kekakuan dinding bata jarang diperhitungkan dalam perencanaan bangunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model rumah tinggal dua lantai secara 3D (bangunan eksisting) dengan metode elemen hingga. Analisis dibuat dengan pemodelan dua dimensi (elemen shell). Pemodelan rumah tinggal meliputi balok, kolom, pelat lantai, dinding bata, kusen dan tulangan balok. Beban yang direncanakan adalah beban gravitasi dan beban lateral (gempa), sehingga dapat diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap struktur rumah tinggal. Kemudian dipelajari dan dianalisis deformasi pada balok dan tegangan S11 yang terjadi pada balok, pelat lantai, dinding bata, kolom dan kusen. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah memperlihatkan bahwa lendutan yang terjadi pada semua balok masih memenuhi batasan lendutan ijin. Terjadi kegagalan pada beberapa daerah balok, dinding, dan lantai, dengan indikasi dari informasi besarnya tegangan (S11) yang terjadi telah melebihi batasan kuat tekan beton. Sedangkan hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa tegangan (S22) yang terjadi pada kolom masih lebih kecil daripada nilai kuat tekan beton, sehingga kolom masih dalam kondisi kuat. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa tegangan yang terjadi pada kusen lebih kecil daripada nilai kuat tarik dan kuat tekan kayu jenis meranti merah, sehingga kusen masih dalam kondisi utuh. Secara umum informasi kegagalan struktur pada bagian dinding bata menggambarkan bahayanya kerusakan rumah tinggal akibat gempa.
OPTIMASI AIR IRIGASI PADA SUB PESANGGARAN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI MENGGUNAKAN WEAP (WATER EVALUATION AND PLANNING)
Authors: Dewi Pratita , Yunarni Wiwik , Halik Gusfan 
Published: May 2022

Water requirement in Pesanggaran is rice fields, while the availability of irrigation water is obtained from rainfall and irrigation discharge. The water balance is calculated by using a tool such as the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) where the results of the WEAP are in the form of a broad percentage of water coverage that can be covered (Coverage). The results of the WEAP calculation are in the form of Coverage as a reference in calculating profits for each year. Optimization in the Very Dry and Normal Year is the existing of where the start of planting begins in December period 1 while the optimize has the start of planting in the December period 3 in the Dry and Wet Season. WEAP optimization is seen in the number of Coverage values where the coverage value for a Dry Year before optimization is 99.34%, and after optimization is 100%, Wet Year before optimization is 99.1%, and after optimization is 100%, for Very Dry Year Coverage value is 95.69%, and Normal Year Coverage as 99.16%.