bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for dynamic radius prediction of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture at depth
Authors: Feng Runhua , Sarout Joel , Dautriat Jeremie , Zhang Jiecheng , Roshan Hamid , Rezaee Reza , sarmadivaleh mohammad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is a coupled multi-physics and scale-dependent process requiring an extensive numerical-laboratory appraisal prior to a field trial. Developing a robust model of hydraulic fracture propagation requires knowledge of the time evolution of the fracture’s geometrical attributes, e.g., width/aperture and length/radius. However, it is inherently challenging to directly measure even the simplest fracture attribute (i.e., dynamic radius) within the rock sample subjected to in-situ stress conditions. In this study, two analytical models are developed to predict the time evolution of the radius of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture. In the first model (RE), the incremental fracture propagation of an infinite hydraulic fracture is described using linear elasticity, modified to incorporate a realistic distribution of internal fluid pressure using a Taylor series. The second model (Rd) predicts the fracture opening and internal pressure gradient using Poiseuille’s law and assuming a self-similar propagation. Scaling and dimensional analysis are used to define propagation regimes; non-linear hydro-mechanical coupling is accounted for in the near-tip region (process- or cohesive-zone). Finally, the two analytical models are compared against published experimental data. Our results show that the radius prediction based on linear elasticity (RE) is suitable only for limited conditions, i.e., non-viscous dominated propagation regimes with negligible fluid lag and a stable fracture propagation. On the other hand, the Rd model takes advantage of a fast reconstruction of the dynamic radius of finite hydraulic fracture problems under more realistic conditions, i.e., including multiscale propagation regimes, cohesive effects, stable and unstable propagation in different geomaterials.
Relationship Between Developmental Enamel Defects and Caries in 18-Year-Old Adolescents
Authors: Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota , Turska-Szybka Anna , Krämer Norbert , Gozdowski Dariusz , Kaczmarek Urszula 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the cross-sectional study was to assess the potential relationship between developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) and caries in adolescents aged 18 year.Materials and methods: A total of 1,611 individuals aged 18 years were selected based on randomisation to form a nationally representative sample from all provinces of Poland. Dental evaluation was performed by 22 trained and calibrated dentists. DDE and caries were assessed using the modified DDE index, MIH Treatment Need Index, FDI and WHO criteria. T-test was used for comparing group means. A simple and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between DDE and caries (p <0.05).Results: The prevalence of DDE was 13.7%. Demarcated opacities (DEO) were the most frequent (9.65%); 4% had diffuse opacities (DIO), 1.5% had hypoplasia and 0.6% - MIH. The prevalence of caries was 93.2%, with mean DMFT of 6.50±4.22. The DMFT and DMFS values ​​were: 7.52±4.77 and 11.31±8.94 in the group of patients with DEO; 7.85±4.74 and 11.88±9.83 with DIO and 7.56 ±4.57 and 10.96±8.77 with enamel hypoplasia, respectively. There was an association between the presence of caries and DDE (p <0.001): DEO (p = 0.001) and DIO (p = 0.038), and between DDE and DMFT (p <0.001).Conclusions: Caries and DDE are prevalent and influenced the dental health of 18-year-old adolescents. The presence of DDE had significant association with caries severity in 18-year-old adolescents. Adolescents with DDE had a higher probability to develop carious lesions.Clinical Relevance: DDE is associated with dental caries.
Future Changes in the Transitions of Monthly-to-Seasonal Precipitation Extremes over the Midwest in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Chen Liang , Ford Trent W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Precipitation extremes present significant risks to Midwest agriculture, water resources, and natural ecosystems. Recently, there is growing attention to the transitions of precipitation extremes, or shifts between heavy precipitation and drought, due to their profound environmental and socio-economic impacts. Changes in Midwest precipitation extremes and transitions between extremes over the past few decades have been documented; however, their future changes are still unknown. In this study, we estimate the projected changes in transitions of precipitation extremes in the Midwest based on 17 CMIP6 models. Two Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based metrics, intra-annual variability and transitions, are used to quantify the magnitude, duration, and frequency of variability and transitions between wet and dry extremes. Compared with the observation-based precipitation datasets, the multimodel ensemble median of CMIP6 can reasonably represent the spatial patterns of SPI extremes and transitions. Climate projections show significantly intensified wet extremes across the Midwest by the end of the century, with a greater increase over the northern Midwest and the Great Lakes region. The short-term SPI also shows intensified dry extremes over the western half of the Midwest. Consequently, there is a significant increase in the magnitude of intra-annual variability in most areas. Projections also suggest more frequent and rapid transitions between the wet and dry extremes, especially over the Great Lakes region and northern Midwest. Seasonally, more frequent transitions from a wet spring to a dry summer (or from a dry fall to a wet winter/spring) are projected to occur; and generally, the wet and dry conditions between the transitions are projected to be more intense compared to the historical period. Furthermore, the intensified precipitation extremes and accelerated transitions are greatly alleviated under a lower emission scenario, implying that future changes in hydroclimate extremes, and impacts thereof, in the Midwest are sensitive to climate change mitigation.
Tunable Topological Dirac Surface States and Van Hove Singularities in Kagome Metal GdV6Sn6
Authors: Hu Yong , Wu Xianxin , Yang Yongqi , Plumb Nicholas , Schnyder Andreas , Xie Weiwei , Ma Junzhang , Shi Ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Realizing and tuning novel electronic states is of great interest and importance to modern condensed-matter physics and spintronics applications. Transition-metal-based kagome materials are a rich frontier for the investigation of novel topological electronic states and correlated phenomena. The divergent density of states in the kagome lattice due to van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the vicinity of the Fermi level (EF) also provide an ideal playground for the search of exotic correlated quantum states on a kagome lattice. However, in the idealized two-dimensional kagome lattice, topologically non-trivial Dirac surface states (TDSSs) have not been unambiguously observed, and the manipulation of TDSSs and VHSs remains largely unexplored. Here, combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, we clearly reveal TDSSs originating from a ℤ2 bulk topology for the first time in kagome lattices and identify two types of VHSs near EF in a newly discovered magnetic kagome material, GdV6Sn6. Remarkably, using in-situ surface potassium deposition to elevate carrier density, we successfully realize manipulation of the TDSSs and VHSs. The Dirac point of the TDSSs can be tuned from above to below EF, which reverses the chirality of the spin texture at the Fermi surface. These results not only establish GdV6Sn6 as a fascinating platform for studying the nontrivial band topology, magnetism and correlation effects native to kagome lattices, but also open up a new avenue for the potential application of spintronic devices based on kagome materials.
The ΦPA3 Phage Nucleus is Enclosed by a Self-Assembling, 2D Crystalline Lattice
Authors: Nieweglowska Eliza , Brilot Axel , Méndez-Moran Melissa , Baek Minkyung , Li Junrui , Kokontis Claire , Cheng Yifan , Baker David , Bondy-Denomy Joseph , Agard David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A growing number of jumbo bacteriophages, with genomes exceeding 200 kb, have been found to establish a Phage Nucleus—a micron-scale, proteinaceous structure encompassing the replicating phage DNA. Bacteriophage and host proteins associated with replication and transcription are concentrated inside the Phage Nucleus while nucleotide synthesis, translation, and numerous other host and exogenous proteins are effectively excluded, including CRISPR-Cas and restriction endonuclease host defense systems. Here, we show that fragments of the Phage Nucleus isolated from ΦPA3 infected Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells form a square lattice and demonstrate that the recombinantly purified primary Phage Nuclear Enclosure (PhuN) protein spontaneously assembles into sheets also constructed from a square lattice which we resolve to 3.8 Å by cryo-EM. Our structure reveals that the flexible termini and large loops mediate adaptable inter-tetramer contacts that drive shell assembly into a C2-symmetric lattice. While the interfaces between subunits are mostly well packed, two of the interfaces are open, forming clear channels that likely have important functional implications for the transport of proteins, mRNA and small molecules.
Structural evolution is the key to paternal identification in salt-resistant soybean breeding
Authors: lai yongcai , lu jingmei , Yu Haifeng , Yang Guang , Cao Ning , Ma Ying , Bi Ying-Dong , Tao Jing , Gao Wei , Niu Lu , Li Xia , Chen Zi , Wang Ying , Li Yan , Sun Changbin , Li Gang , Wu Dongmei , Liu Cuijing , Zhang Wei , Zhang Ying , Sun Mingchun , Chu Jinmeng , Xia .Fucai , Qi Weichen , Wan Shuyan , M Hassan , Ali Mohammed , Du Xinglin , You Jihong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soybean breeding shows that soybean resources are increasingly narrow due to the depletion of ancestral varieties. We collected salt-tolerant wild soybean samples and seeds from 23 areas affected by heavy salt stress. SEM was used for structural evolution, Plant Print identification, salt and alkali resistance physiology, salt resistance gene and tissue culture experiments. We report here the discovery of Chinese wild soybean salt gland is first reported in the world. The salt tolerance of new soybean varieties is greatly improved by breeding wild soybean with salt gland as the male parent. A batch of new soybean varieties resistant to salt were obtained. The experiment revealed that the diversity of salt tolerance function of wild soybean was closely related to stress tolerance physiology, stress tolerance gene and phylogenetic structure evolution. Our results encourage the use of salt-resistant wild soybeans as paternal breeding to avoid undesirable breeding cycles at the expense of soybean ancestral varieties.
Evaluating ENSO Spatiotemporal Complexity in Climate Model Hindcasts
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Chang Ting-Huai , Lee Ching-Teng , Yu Jin-Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using hindcasts produced by a coupled climate model, this study evaluates whether the model can simulate the observed spatiotemporal complexity in El Niño − Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1982 − 2011: the eastern Pacific (EP), central Pacific-I (CP-I) and -II (CP-II) types of El Niño, and the atypical multi-year evolution events of El Niño occurred in 1986‒1988 (i.e., 1986/87/88 El Niño) and La Niña occurred in 1998‒2000 (i.e., 1998/99/00 La Niña). In regards to spatial complexity, it is uncovered that the CP-I type of El Niño is most easily to be hindcasted, CP-II is second, and the EP El Niño type is most difficult to be hindcasted as its amplitude is significantly underestimated. The model deficiency in hindcasting the EP El Niño is related to a warm bias of climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical eastern Pacific, which is mainly caused by the strengths of the Pacific Walker circulation and South Pacific high that are notably weakened in the model simulation. As for the temporal complexity, the model successfully hindcasts the multi-year evolution of the 1998/99/00 La Niña but fails to hindcast that of the 1986/87/88 El Niño. This contrasting model performance between the ENSO’s multi-year evolution events is related to a cold bias in the model simulation of tropical central Pacific climatological SSTs, which makes La Niña event more easily activate the Pacific basinwide interactions than El Niño event and result in a multi-year evolution pattern.
LncRNA-miRNA crosstalk in HCC cases on top of HCV infection
Authors: El-Araby Rady , Elmorsy Gamal , Saad Ahmed , Elamrosy Hisham , Adel Rana , Elshafie Sara , Helal Hamed , Adel Mohammed , Roshdy Fawzy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be a serious issue because of its high morbidity and mortality in the absence of early identification and proper treatment. Increasing evidence reveals that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAS (miRNAs) interact to form a gene regulatory network. Their interactions lead to a variety of complex diseases, such as HCC. So, the current study aims to assess whether the interaction between "HOTAIR, HOTTIP, and H19 as lncRNAs and miRNA-152 as a miRNA" has a significant role in the progression of HCV-genotype (4) patients to hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to employ them as noninvasive prognostic and diagnostic epigenetic biomarkers. By using the online computational tools, we predict the group of miRNAs that may interact with the group of lncRNAs under this investigation. 133 subjects were included in this study. A total of 103 chronic hepatitis C patients were divided into two groups: Group I (chronic liver disease “CLD” without HCC, n = 65) was classified into two subgroups: non-cirrhotic (30) and cirrhotic (35); Group II (CLD with HCC, n = 38). A control (healthy volunteer, n = 30). The expressions of the studied genes were analysed by real-time PCR. The study of lncRNAs has shown a consistent reverse correlation with miRNA-152 in line with the progression of the disease, which leads us to suggest that they should be used as noninvasive prognostic biomarkers for HCV-induced liver cirrhosis and HCC in HCV Genotype 4 patients. MiRNA-152 is not the only one that can interact with the lncRNAs that have been investigated, but there are others, such as miRNA-19a and miRNA-106a, that should be considered.
A computational analysis of E2A gene in B &amp; T-Cells Development
Authors: Choudhury Shouhartha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The E2A (TCF3) gene reveals a dominant role during lymphocyte and CNS growth. E2A is an object of the E proteins family of TFs. E proteins encoded by bHLH TFs are a key moderator of B & T cells development. Precisely, sequencing of E proteins and antagonists reveals lymphoid development. The B & T cells lineage commitment suggested E2A, HEB, E2-2, ID2/ID3, and other bHLH TFs are necessary at a proximate phase of cellular maturation. E protein controls the responsibility of various factors and antigen receptor-associated genes that promote Ig and TCR rearrangement coordinate cellular growth and survival via TCR signalling. In this research, I applied a computational technique for the genome-wide examination of bHLH TFs in two different organisms. This application can adapt purpose to gain current knowledge of particular TFs in the genome. My observation suggested E proteins, tissue-specific bHLH domain, and antagonists in two organisms. In light of E2A and other components elicit classical molecular mechanisms that reckon B & T- cells development. Therefore, I documented the results of E2A also illustrated the functional mechanism involved in E protein, ID2/ID3, and tissue-specific bHLH TFs in the mammal. In some conditions, the combined functions of E2A, E2-2, HEB, ID1-ID3, and other molecular interactions lead to tumour suppressor activity in tumour biology.
Association between employment status and suicidal ideation among Korean employees
Authors: Kim Sun Mi , Oh Jae Won , Son Nak-Hoon , Lee San 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Employment status is a key indicator of socioeconomic status. However, research in Asian cultures for the association between employment status and mental health have been limited. The current study investigated the association between employment status and suicidal ideation. Using data from the 2015, 2017, and 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 6,509 participants aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis were performed. Unemployed status demonstrated 1.85 times more suicidal ideation than employed (adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–2.44, p < .001). Low educational attainment (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.51–2.98, p < .001), low income (aOR 1.61, CI 1.22–2.14, p < .001), presence of stress recognition (aOR 3.06, 95% CI 2.33–4.02, p < .001), and depression (aOR 13.0, 95% CI 10.0-16.9, p < .001) were also associated with suicidal ideation. In subgroup analysis, all covariates, except women and low BMI, have combined effects with employment status on suicidal ideation. This study showed the association between employment status and suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation occurs in a complex manner due to various factors, it is important to provide support based on a comprehensive understanding of suicidal ideation related to employment status.
Anticancer studies of Imine analogues
Authors: Naz Asia , Qazi Syeda Uroos , Javed Aneela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A series of imine derivatives (3a-m) including thio-semicarbazone, semicarbazone, thiazole and oxazole functional moieties were examined for anti-cancer activity in-vitro by MTT assay using glioblastoma cell line (U87). Among all compound 3m was most potent compound with IC50 value of 8.86 ± 0.15 µM. Cytotoxicity of compounds were evaluated using normal human embryonic kidney cell line i.e HEK-293. Moreover, antibacterial activity of synthesized derivatives was also evaluated by disc diffusion method.
Morphological characterization and selection of maize genotypes for the semiarid region
Authors: Silveira Eduarda Santos , Lima Beatriz Barreto , Santos Alisson Menezes , Silva Alex Florentino , Feitosa Darliton Alex Silva , Santos Barbara Nascimento , Oliveira Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque , Oliveira Gustavo Hugo Ferreira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Maize has great importance in the semi-arid region of Sergipe. The zoning of the culture in the region is due to the studies directed to the selection and adaptability of genotypes to adverse conditions. In view of this, the objective was to characterize and select corn genotypes for grain production in the semi-arid region of Sergipe. For this, 78 corn genotypes were evaluated in Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe, Brazil. Using the BLUE's estimates for grain yield, 43 genotypes were selected. It was observed that the earliest genotypes corresponded to the highest average in grain yield, therefore, the characteristics related to flowering can be used in the indirect selection of genotypes. The experimental XB7530, DGX20 S03, DGX20 S02, DGX20 S01, LG 6036 PRO3 and EX3561L VIP3 were selected, and these provided 551.15 kg ha-1 of genetic gain in the experimental population. Furthermore, these are indicated for the formation of dialels in a breeding program in the semiarid region of Sergipe.
Extensive Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Stroke as the First Presentation of HIV in A Young Sudanese Male: A Case Report
Authors: Eljack Moh. Mah.Fadelallah , ali Najla Fouad Nassir Mohammed , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Ahmed Omer Idris , Nour Alshareef B. , Haroun Mazin S. , Abdallah Abdallah M. , Ali Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: As it is a disseminated disease, HIV infection can be associated with significant cardiovascular and neurological complications; however, this commonly occurs late. Here, we highlight the unusual initial presentation of HIV infection, which is myocardial infarction complicated by stroke.Case Presentation: A 30 years old male with a clear medical background presented with severe chest pain with evidence of ischemia on ECG and positive serum troponin. he received anti-ischemic drugs, and was prepared for coronary angiography with routine investigations tested positive for HIV; however, his condition was later complicated by stroke. Conclusion: The presentation of acute coronary syndrome in a young patient should raise suspicion of uncommon causes and needs prompt evaluation from digging up in history, detailed examination and investigations with close follow-up to prevent the complications that may occur. on the other hands known HIV Patients should be screened periodically with electrocardiogram
Spatial-Spectral Hyperspectral Images Classification Based on Krill Herd Band Selection and Edge-Preserving Transform Domain Recursive Filter (KHBS-ETDRF)
Authors: Moharram Mohammed Abdulmajeed , Sundaram Divya Meena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hyperspectral images (HSI) have recently been exploited in several aspects as they contain many contiguous narrow spectral informative-rich bands. The curse of dimensionality in hyperspectral images is an essential challenge as it possesses plenty of redundant bands that lead to the Hughes phenomenon. However, many feature selection or band selection techniques have been performed for dimensionality reduction of HSI. In this manuscript, firstly, a novel approach for spectral bands selection process is presented for hyperspectral images dimensionality reduction using Krill Herd (KH) Algorithm. However, KH is a heuristic search method that seeks to reach the optimum global solution within the search space and evade falling into the local optima. KH relies on simulating the herding behavior of krill in the sea in order to determine the most informative and relevant bands. Secondly, an Edge-preserving filter (EPF) was utilized to extract the spatial characteristics while reducing noise and obtaining a suitable smoothing that improves the performance of the classification process. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier at pixel level was performed for the classification of HSI. Moreover, the proposed work was compared to the Harmony Search (HS), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Bat Algorithm (BA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Firefly Algorithm (FA). In addition, the classification results for overall accuracy (OA) on four popular publicly datasets were 96.54%, 98.93%, 99.78%, and 98.66% for the Indian Pines scene, the Pavia University scene, the Salinas scene, and the Botswana scene, respectively.