bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using machine‐learning‐driven approaches to boost hot‐spot's knowledge
Authors: Rosário‐Ferreira Nícia , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. , Moreira Irina S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is fundamental to describe and to characterize the formation of biomolecular assemblies, and to establish the energetic principles underlying biological networks. One key aspect of these interfaces is the existence and prevalence of hot‐spots (HS) residues that, upon mutation to alanine, negatively impact the formation of such protein–protein complexes. HS have been widely considered in research, both in case studies and in a few large‐scale predictive approaches. This review aims to present the current knowledge on PPIs, providing a detailed understanding of the microspecifications of the residues involved in those interactions and the characteristics of those defined as HS through a thorough assessment of related field‐specific methodologies. We explore recent accurate artificial intelligence‐based techniques, which are progressively replacing well‐established classical energy‐based methodologies.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Databases and Expert Systems
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions
Dynamic micromechanical model for smart composite and reinforced shells
Authors: Christofi Irene , Hadjiloizi Demetra A. , Kalamkarov Alexander L. , Georgiades Anastasis V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA dynamic micromechanical model based on the asymptotic homogenization pertaining to smart composite and reinforced shells with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic constituents is developed in this paper. Central to the work is the recovery of the so‐called unit cell problems which allow the calculation of the effective coefficients. In turn, these are substituted into the governing equations to obtain a set of basic macroscopic variables which eventually yield asymptotic expansions of all field variables (mechanical stress, electric and magnetic displacement, heat flux etc.). Highlights of the presented dynamic model include the following: (1) the effective properties of the homogenized structure depend strongly on the curvature of the middle surface of the shell; (2) the effective properties are also temporal functions and not merely spatial ones as predicted by other models; (3) the effective properties reflect the influence of all involved constituent material parameters; and (4) the model captures not only the common product properties (magnetoelectricity, pyroelectricity, pyromagnetism) but also other ones relating current density to mechanical displacement, magnetic field, and temperature. These features essentially mean that the homogenized shell is characterized by inhomogeneity or quasi‐homogeneity after the homogenization process and also exhibits memory effect reminiscent of viscoelastic structures. If electrical conductivity is ignored and the effective properties are averaged over the entire time spectrum the results of the model converge to those of previously published quasi‐static models. If, as well, the electrical and magnetic effects are also suppressed the results of the model converge to those of the classical composite shell model.
Privacy and Vulnerable Populations
Authors: McDonald Nora , Forte Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVulnerable populations face unique privacy risks that not only challenge designers’ preconceptions about privacy, these challenges are also frequently overlooked in decisions about privacy design and policy. This chapter defines and describes vulnerable populations and the challenges they face, as well as the research approaches that have traditionally been used to understand and design technologies that respect the privacy needs of vulnerable people. It describes how existing frameworks fail to account for the privacy concerns of people who experience heightened risk. It then introduces alternative ways of thinking about privacy that can help technologists, researchers, policy makers, and designers do a better job of serving the needs of the most vulnerable users of technology. We conclude with concrete guidance around identifying and integrating vulnerable populations into technology design for privacy.
Reflections: Bringing Privacy to Practice
Authors: Romano Jennifer , Keneski Liz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe interviewed a panel of 13 applied researchers to understand why applied and academic privacy researchers do not collaborate more often. While many agree about the benefits of collaboration, they simply do not collaborate due to real and perceived barriers, such as timelines, goal differences, and data-sharing difficulties. We synthesize the findings and provide actionable recommendations to help bridge the gap between academic and applied research.
Revisiting APCO
Authors: Buck Christoph , Dinev Tamara , Anaraky Reza Ghaiumy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImagine that you are a product manager at a software company. When users disclose some information to your product, they can use all the great features you and your team have integrated into the software. Utilizing these features is essential for the success of your product: it makes users satisfied and encourages others to use the software as well. Furthermore, the user and usage data can be used to improve the product and help implementing new features over time. However, since your product collects users’ data, you are worried about privacy-related issues. What causes users’ privacy concerns, and what are the potential consequences of those concerns? The APCO (Antecedents → Privacy Concerns → Outcomes) and enhanced APCO models provide a summary of the current scientific findings related to these questions and present them in a conceptual model. The APCO framework will help practitioners and scholars to bring different privacy-related aspects of a product to their attention and suggests how these aspects can interrelate. Throughout this chapter, we will consider a use case scenario of a fitness tracker application and discuss how APCO applies to this scenario.
Tracking and Personalization
Authors: Masood Rahat , Berkovsky Shlomo , Kaafar Mohamed Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies the relationship between two important, often conflicting paradigms of online services: personalization and tracking. The chapter initially focuses on the categories and levels of online personalization, briefly overviewing algorithmic methods applied to achieve these. Then, the chapter turns to online tracking specific to mobile and web technologies, as well as the more advanced behavioral tracking. Following this, the chapter ties the streams of personalization and tracking together and discusses various aspects of their relationships, including the currently deployed tracking methods for personalization. Privacy implications of personalization via online tracking, highlighted by organizations and researchers, are also illustrated. Lastly, this chapter discusses the ways to balance personalization benefits and privacy concerns. This includes the state-of-the-art practices, current challenges, and practical recommendations for system developers willing to strike this balance.
Case Des Tout-Petits: Reforming Early Childhood Education in Senegal
Authors: Cisse Talla , Ejiofor Karen , Malin Muna , Thompson Amelia , Zhao Yuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEducation systems around the world are grappling with how to respond to a significant global health crisis stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic. Under the leadership of President Abdoulaye Wade, in the early 2000s, Senegal undertook a significant educational reform that sought to address disparities in academic and health challenges faced by early learners. This chapter examines Cases des Tout-Petits, a reform targeting children 0–6 years old, through the lens of Fernando Reimer’s five perspectives of educational change. This chapter offers insights to policy makers, researchers, educators, and program designers around the world interested in learning from a dual reform that dramatically shifted the early childhood development landscape in Senegal.
Automated Flag Detection and Participant Performance Evaluation for Pwnable CTF
Authors: Singh Manikant , Negi Rohit , Shukla Sandeep K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe demand for cyber security awareness, education, evaluation of learning levels of students etc., has increased in the past few years. In order to meet this rising demand, several cyber security learning and training platforms have been developed. Capture the flag (CTF) platforms and cyber ranges have become primary tools that facilitate education, training and recruitment of cyber security personnel. These tools evaluate and rank the participants on the basis of challenges solved by them. A discrete evaluation mechanism focusing only on flags solved, fails to ensure that the effort and knowledge demonstrated by the participants while solving the challenge, are factored into the scoring system. Most of these tools do not even distinguish between participants actually solving the flags vs. those who might copy a captured flag without actually working on the problem. Further, in flag only scoring systems, participants feel discouraged as they fail to score without finding the flags – despite putting in enormous time and effort. In this paper, we present our novel approach to quantify participant’s learning, efforts, and any unethical practices. We award partial scores by automatically capturing their behavior while solving the CTF problems. We also provide an accurate ranking system with automated solved challenge detection which replaces the need for manual flag submission. In our system, participants get hybrid scores based on their efforts, and organizations get a better and an effective evaluation tool.
Einführung des Entlassmanagements an einer Universitätsklinik für Chirurgie: Explorative Analyse von Kosten, Verweildauer und Patientenzufriedenheit
Authors: Aßfalg Volker , Hassiotis Sophia , Radonjic Marion , Göcmez Sarah , Friess Helmut , Frank Elke , Königstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit Oktober 2017 ist ein strukturiertes Entlassmanagement zur Überleitung von Patienten aus dem stationären in den ambulanten Sektor gem. § 39 Abs. 1a S. 10 SGB V gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Umsetzung und Finanzierung obliegen dem behandelnden Krankenhaus.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ermittlung der Kosten des Entlassmanagements, Feststellung der Patientenzufriedenheit mit der Überleitung, Messung der Wiederaufnahmerate (Drehtüreffekt) sowie Vergleich der mittleren Krankenhausverweildauer vor und nach Einführung des Entlassmanagements in der Chirurgischen Klinik der Technischen Universität München.

Methoden
Einjahreskostenanalyse, retrospektive Analyse der Krankenhausverweildauer vor und nach Einführung des Entlassmanagements, Patienteninterviews zur Untersuchung der Zufriedenheit und Beurteilung der Qualität des Entlassmanagements.

Ergebnisse
Die Kostenanalyse ergab pauschale Kosten in Höhe von 43 € pro Patienten bzw. 391 € bei komplexem poststationären Versorgungsbedarf. Eine statistisch signifikante Verkürzung der Verweildauer durch das Entlassmanagement ließ sich in 3 Subgruppen nicht nachweisen. Die Qualität der Überleitung wurde mit Schulnoten von durchschnittlich 1,8 bis 1,9 benotet. Der Drehtüreffekt wurde bei 3,4 % der Patienten festgestellt.

Diskussion
Das analysierte Entlassmanagement stellt eine effektive und qualitativ erfolgreiche, jedoch kostenverursachende Maßnahme dar, die mittelfristig im Rahmen der Fallpauschalenvergütung im G‑DRG-System (German Diagnosis Related Groups) Berücksichtigung finden und voraussichtlich kostensteigernd wirken wird. Eine an die Überleitungsqualitäten der verschiedenen medizinischen Fachbereiche angepasste, fallspezifische Vergütung des Entlassmanagements könnte einen Lösungsansatz darstellen, um die Bedürfnisse verschiedener Anspruchsgruppen zu berücksichtigen.
Duration and clinical outcome of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study using a medical information database from Japanese hospitals
Authors: Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Oda Eisei , Kaneko Kazuki , Matsubayashi Kenta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this real-world, retrospective cohort study of 9753 patients in Japan prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we investigated DAPT duration and determined factors associated with early DAPT discontinuation and with event rates in patients who discontinued DAPT. The study period was April 1, 2012–March 31, 2018; endpoints comprised composite efficacy [death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke] and bleeding (intracranial, gastrointestinal, and requiring transfusion) endpoints. Overall, 68.8% of patients were continuing DAPT at 3 months post-PCI. Patients without major efficacy or safety events within 3 months after index PCI were included in a landmark analysis set (LAS; n = 7056), and categorized as DAPT ≥ 3 months (continuation) versus < 3 months (discontinuation). In the two LAS analysis groups, there was no difference in the composite bleeding endpoint (P = 0.067), although the incidence of the composite efficacy endpoint was higher in the discontinuation group (P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, age ≥ 75 years, minor bleeding after PCI, history of cerebral infarction, history of cerebral or gastrointestinal bleeding, atrial fibrillation, dialysis, and anticoagulant use after PCI were associated with early DAPT discontinuation. Acute coronary syndrome, history of MI, kidney disorder, and anticoagulant use after PCI were associated with the composite efficacy endpoint in the discontinuation group. In conclusion, early DAPT discontinuation is more likely in patients at high bleeding risk, but may influence the occurrence of ischemic events in these patients. Determination of DAPT duration should take into account potential ischemic risk, even in patients at high bleeding risk.
Experimental and numerical characterization of twisting response of thin glass
Authors: Galuppi Laura , Riva Enrica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of new generation thin, lightweight and damage-resistant glass, originally conceived for electronic displays, is moving its first steps in the built environment, in particular for adaptive and movable skins and façades. Its experimental characterization represents pearhaps one of the main open problems in glass research and engineering. Indeed, standard methods to test the glass strength cannot be used, due to geometrical nonlinearities, thwarting the correct procedure and the strenght calculation. Here, an innovative test procedure is proposed, where a rectangular thin glass element is twisted with high distortion level, while rigid elements constrain two opposite plate edges to remain straight. A dedicated experimental apparatus, that can be used to test specimens with different size and thickness, has been designed and used to test, up to rupture, chemically tempered thin glass with thickness of 1.1 mm and 2.1 mm. Experimental results have been compared to those of numerical analyses, with particular regard to the influence of different constrain conditions on the plate response.
Concrete Structures and Their Impacts on Climate Change and Water and Raw Material Resource Depletion
Authors: Eštoková Adriana , Wolfová Fabiánová Martina , Ondová Marcela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe construction sector contributes significantly to the production of greenhouse gases and thus to climate change. This study aims to quantify the environmental performance of selected bearing constructions with special regard to their climate change contribution and resource depletion. Environmental impacts were assessed using environmental indicators, such as global warming potential and abiotic, water and natural resource depletion. The material composition of the wall structures consisted of aerated concrete blocks, ranging from 300 to 375 mm, with different thermal-insulation materials (expanded polystyrene with graphite, and rock wool) and variable interior and exterior plaster. The evaluation was based on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology within the ‘‘cradle to gate” boundaries. The calculated values of global warming potentials per square metre of wall construction ranged from 234.16 to 283.46 kg CO2 eq for the 20-year time span, from 213.02 to 255.20 kg CO2 eq for the 100-year time span and from 190.40 to 229.90 kg CO2 eq for the 500-year time span. The average water consumption was identified as 3.97 m3, and the abiotic depletion was identified as 1.41 kg Sbeq per square metre of the wall structure. The lowest environmental impact in all environmental categories evaluated was found for a structure with aerated concrete with a thickness of 300 mm with graphite polystyrene thermal insulation and with silicone outdoor plaster. Using a suitable material composition of the wall structure, up to a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved while maintaining the same thermal parameters of the structure.
Accelerating IceCube’s Photon Propagation Code with CUDA
Authors: Schwanekamp Hendrik , Hohl Ramona , Chirkin Dmitry , Gibbs Tom , Harnisch Alexander , Kopper Claudio , Messmer Peter , Mehta Vishal , Olivas Alexander , Riedel Benedikt , Rongen Martin , Schultz David , van Santen Jakob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer neutrino detector located at the geographic South Pole designed to detect high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. To thoroughly understand the detected neutrinos and their properties, the detector response to signal and background has to be modeled using Monte Carlo techniques. An integral part of these studies are the optical properties of the ice the observatory is built into. The simulated propagation of individual photons from particles produced by neutrino interactions in the ice can be greatly accelerated using graphics processing units (GPUs). In this paper, we (a collaboration between NVIDIA and IceCube) reduced the propagation time per photon by a factor of up to 3 on the same GPU. We achieved this by porting the OpenCL parts of the program to CUDA and optimizing the performance. This involved careful analysis and multiple changes to the algorithm. We also ported the code to NVIDIA OptiX to handle the collision detection. The hand-tuned CUDA algorithm turned out to be faster than OptiX. It exploits detector geometry and only a small fraction of photons ever travel close to one of the detectors.
Temperature response to the June 2020 solar eclipse observed by FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC2 in the Tibet sector
Authors: Sun Yang-Yi , Chen Chieh-Hung , Yu Tao , Wang Jin , Qiu Lihui , Qi Yifan , Lin Kai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study explores the response of atmospheric temperature to the annular solar eclipse at the summer solstice on 21 June 2020. The radio occultation (RO) technique of the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC2 (F7/C2) mission observes the temperature in the troposphere and stratosphere. The RO observations show that the temperature decreases significantly (near 4 to 8 °C) between 5 and 8 km altitudes over the Tibetan Plateau area within the 80% obscuration during the eclipse. The tropopause temperature increases by ~ 2 to 5 °C over the same area. By contrast, the tropopause temperature decreases by ~ 4° to 5 °C over the Indian Ocean. The F7/C2 RO technique captured not only the sudden tropospheric cooling and stratospheric warming over Tibet during the eclipse but also the possible response over the Indian Ocean away from the greatest eclipse.
Effectiveness of selective digestive decolonization therapy using oral gentamicin for eradication of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage
Authors: Park So Yeon , Lee Jin Seo , Oh Jihyu , Lee Seo Hu , Jung Jion 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the efficacy of selective digestive decolonization (SDD) therapy using oral gentamicin against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization and to compare the incidence of novel gentamicin resistance between SDD and non-SDD patient groups.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Acute-care referral center hospital in South Korea.Methods:Adults aged ≥20 years identified as rectal CRE carriers hospitalized between October 2019 and June 2020 were enrolled. Patients with a <30-day follow-up were excluded. Among CRE carriers, those who received 80 mg oral gentamicin sulfate (Shin Poong Pharmaceutical, Seoul, South Korea) 4 times daily comprised the SDD group and those who did not receive SDD therapy comprised the non-SDD group. CRE decolonization was compared between groups within 15 days, and new gentamicin resistance was assessed.Results:In total, 73 rectal CRE carriers were identified; 11 patients were lost to follow-up within 30 days and were excluded. Oral gentamicin was administered to 20 of 62 patients. We detected no differences in the basic demographic features between groups. The rate of decolonization within 15 days was higher in the SDD group than in the non-SDD group (70.0% vs 23.8%; P = .001). The time to decolonization was significantly shorter in the SDD group. We detected no difference in acquisition of new gentamicin resistance between the groups. No serious adverse events due to oral gentamicin SDD therapy were reported.Conclusions:SDD therapy using oral gentamicin for CRE-colonized patients may be effective for the decolonization of gut CRE and for the prevention of transmission and subsequent CRE infection.
Effect of pre-operative mastoid pneumatisation on tympanoplasty success
Authors: ElBeltagy Y M , Askoura A M , Hangal D E A , Teaima A A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effect of pneumatised and non-pneumatised mastoid on the success of tympanoplasty in terms of rate of graft uptake and air–bone gap improvement.MethodA comprehensive electronic search of PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was conducted in August 2020 for articles from 1990 to 2020. Selected studies were published in the English language, were conducted on human patients, were concerned with evaluating pre-operative mastoid pneumatisation on tympanoplasty success, were not laboratory studies and were not opinion studies. Five studies were included with 178 patients in the pneumatised group and 97 patients were included in the non-pneumatised group. Comparison between both groups was performed in terms of graft uptake rate and air–bone gap improvement.ResultsAlthough the pneumatised group showed better graft uptake rate than the non-pneumatised group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the success rate of tympanoplasty.ConclusionPneumatisation of the mastoid does not significantly affect the success rate of tympanoplasty.