bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of immersive virtual reality cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on prospective kindergarten teachers' learning achievements, attitudes and self‐efficacy
Authors: Liu Ze‐Min , Fan Xianli , Liu Yujiao , Ye Xin‐dong 
Published: May 2022

Children's unexpected cardiac arrest warrants cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by kindergarten teachers. Yet, recent research revealed trained personnel reporting poor transfer of acquired skills during real‐world emergencies with conventional CPR training. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) training induces a greater sense of presence and agency than conventional CPR training and may be more effective in terms of increasing trainees' intention and initiative to perform CPR in real‐world emergencies. A quasi‐experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the IVR‐based CPR training method in terms of enhancing the intention to perform CPR. The trial enrolled 50 participants, 25 of whom examined a child patient in an IVR virtual scenario, using an AED, and performed two rounds of two‐minute chest compressions. The remaining 25 participants were trained using a video with consistent content on a monitor. A generalised estimating equation analysis demonstrated that the IVR training method significantly increased prospective kindergarten teachers' self‐efficacy for performing CPR, positive attitudes towards CPR, and CPR knowledge. This advantage was also maintained after the five‐week follow‐up. Thus, CPR teaching via IVR looks to be an excellent way to enhance the intention to perform CPR and may be of great value in improving existing CPR training systems.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Many trainees who have received traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training hesitate to perform the skills learned in a real‐world emergency.
The critical determinant of whether an individual performs a behaviour is the individual's ‘intention’ to perform that behaviour.
Individual's self‐efficacy to perform CPR, attitudes towards CPR, and perceived social norms are three determinants that influence intention to perform CPR.
Immersive media such as virtual reality may elicit more attitudinal changes and a greater sense of learner self‐efficacy than current mainstream media.
What this paper adds

The study's results indicated that compared to conventional technology‐supported video training, immersive virtual reality (IVR) training significantly increased participants' self‐efficacy about performing CPR, positive attitudes towards CPR and CPR knowledge.
CPR training through IVR may enhance trainees' intention to perform CPR in real‐world emergencies.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The effectiveness of combining IVR technology into existing CPR training methods such as mixed reality training, which blends virtual environments with realistic mannequins, should be further examined in the future.
IVR may be a more effective medium for enhancing the intention to perform behaviour than conventional technology. Future research could further experiment with the use of IVR as a behavioural intervention technique in education
Biallelic variants in PAX3 cause Klein syndrome
Authors: Salah Somaya , Meiner Vardiella , Abumayaleh Abdelrazzaq , Asafra Ali , Al‐Sharif Taher , Al‐Fallah Orwa , Hasasneh Belal , Zlotogora Joël 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWaardenburg syndrome is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and pigmentation deficiency of the hair, skin, and eyes. Klein‐Waardenburg syndrome (Waardenburg syndrome type 3) represents a distinct presentation of Waardenburg syndrome type 1 and includes musculoskeletal abnormalities in addition to dystopia canthorum hearing loss and pigmentary changes. Heterozygous or homozygous variants in the PAX3 gene cause Klein‐Waardenburg syndrome. Here we report on a new severely affected child, with a homozygous PAX3 variant (c.251C>T; p.Ser84Phe), review the features of the syndrome, and propose a new classification. The designation of Waardenburg syndrome should be given only to patients with monoallelic pathogenic variants in PAX3 whether or not musculoskeletal abnormalities are present. Patients with biallelic PAX3 variants should be outlined as a distinct group and designated Klein syndrome.
Binge eating disorder and eating self‐efficacy in adults seeking bariatric surgery
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Abene Jessica , Allison Kelly C. , Pearl Rebecca L. , Wadden Thomas A. , Williams Noel N. , Tronieri Jena S. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis study assessed the relationships between binge eating disorder (BED) and eating self‐efficacy in a sample of patients prior to bariatric surgery. The study also examined the extent that BED status accounted for variance in self‐efficacy after controlling for demographic factors (age, sex and race), physical variables (comorbidities and body mass index [BMI]) and depressive symptoms. This was a cross‐sectional study of pre‐surgical data from patients seeking bariatric surgery at a university‐based healthcare system (N = 98; mean ± SD age of 46.2 ± 12.5 years; BMI of 45.4 ± 7.2 kg/m2; 86.7% female; and 60.2% of patients self‐identified as White). Patients completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire. Of the total sample, 15.3% met criteria for BED, 33.7% had subthreshold BED and 51.0% were free of this disorder. In adjusted analyses, total self‐efficacy was significantly lower in patients with subthreshold BED (B ± SE = −15.88 ± 7.23, p = .03) and individuals with BED (B ± SE = −35.07 ± 10.23, p = .001) than in those without BED. Patients with BED, compared to those without, had significantly worse scores (in adjusted analyses) on the self‐efficacy subscales of negative emotions (p = .003), availability of food (p < .001), social pressure (p = .004) and positive activities (p = .03). In patients seeking bariatric surgery, total self‐efficacy scores were significantly lower in patients with BED and subthreshold BED than those without BED. The results suggest that eating self‐efficacy may be an important factor to target in patients with BED who seek bariatric surgery.
Component analysis of nucleolar protein compartments using Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Lavering Emily D. , Petros Irini N. , Weeks Daniel L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nucleolus is a multi‐compartment, non‐membrane‐bound organelle within the nucleus. Nucleolar assembly is influenced by proteins capable of phase separation. Xenopus laevis oocytes contain hundreds of large nucleoli that provide experimental access for nucleoli that is unavailable in other systems. Here we detail methods to streamline the in vivo analysis of the compartmentalization of nucleolar proteins that are suspected of phase separation. The nucleolus is the main hub of ribosome biogenesis and here we present data supporting the division of proteins into nucleolar domains based on their function in ribosome biogenesis. We also describe the use of vital dyes such as Hoechst 33342 and Thioflavin T in nucleolar staining. Additionally, we quantify nucleolar morphology changes induced by heat shock and actinomycin D treatments. We suggest these approaches will be valuable in a variety of studies that seek to better understand the nucleolus, particularly those regarding phase separation. These approaches may also be instructive for other studies on phase separation, especially in the nucleus.
The effect of corruption on microfinance loan portfolio: A semiparametric analysis
Authors: Kebede Jeleta , Tawiah Vincent , Gyapong Ernest 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the extent to which corruption affects the loan portfolio of microfinance institutions (MFIs). We employ robust econometric estimation on a sample of 507 MFIs across 63 countries from 2005 to 2018. Our results show that corruption is negatively associated with the loan portfolio. However, in semiparametric analysis, we find that lower‐level corruption is beneficial to increase the loan portfolio while higher‐level corruption is detrimental. The results imply that it is not just corruption that matters as far as its effect on MFIs' loan portfolio is concerned; what matters is the degree of corruption. In further analyses, we find that corruption reduces both the number of active borrowers and average loan per borrower indicating that corruption reduces both coverage and amount of credit extension. The results suggest that the effect of corruption on the loan portfolio is gender‐sensitive. Corruption facilitates an increase in loans to female borrowers. Our results are robust to alternative variable measurements and different identification strategies, including two‐stage least square.
High mortality among patients hospitalized for drug‐resistant tuberculosis with acquired second‐line drug resistance and high HIV prevalence
Authors: Anderson Kim , Pietersen Elize , Shepherd Bryan E. , Bian Aihua , Dheda Keertan , Warren Robin , Sterling Timothy R. , van der Heijden Yuri F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe compared mortality between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative South African adults with drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB) and high incidence of acquired second‐line drug resistance.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of DR‐TB patients with serial second‐line TB drug susceptibility tests (2008–2015) who were hospitalized at a specialized TB hospital. We used Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox models to examine associations with mortality.ResultsOf 245 patients, the median age was 33 years, 54% were male and 40% were HIV‐positive, 96% of whom had ever received antiretroviral therapy (ART). At initial drug resistance detection, 99% of patients had resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, and 18% had second‐line drug resistance (fluoroquinolones and/or injectable drugs). At later testing, 88% of patients had acquired additional second‐line drug resistance. Patient‐initiated treatment interruptions (> 2 months) occurred in 47%. Mortality was 79%. Those with HIV had a shorter time to death (p = 0.02; log‐rank): median survival time from DR‐TB treatment initiation was 2.44 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.09–3.15] versus 3.99 years (95% CI: 3.12–4.75) for HIV‐negative patients. HIV‐positive patients who received ART within 6 months before DR‐TB treatment had a higher mortality hazard than HIV‐negative patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) ratio = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.21–2.74]. By contrast, HIV‐positive patients who did not receive ART within 6 months before DR‐TB treatment did not have a significantly higher mortality hazard than HIV‐negative patients (aHR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.72–1.65), although those on ART had lower median CD4 counts than those not on ART (157 vs. 281 cells/μL, respectively; p = 0.02).ConclusionsA very high incidence of acquired second‐line drug resistance and high overall mortality were observed, reinforcing the need to reduce the risk of acquired resistance and for more effective treatment.
Erysipeloid cutaneous leishmaniasis: a study of 40 cases of an unusual variant
Authors: Kouki Chaima , Masmoudi Abdelrahmen , Kammoun Nadine , Sellami Khadija , Saguem Ines , Bahloul Emna , Boudaya Sonia , Chikhrouhou Fatma , Amouri Meriem , Mssedi Madiha , Ayedi Ali , Boudawara Tahya , Turki Hamida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundErysipeloid cutaneous leishmaniasis (ECL) is known as the chronic form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, keeping its clinical presentation in view, there is a need to revisit this form of the disease.AimsTo describe ECL in view of clinical features and treatment modalities.MethodsWe include a case series seen in Sfax (Southern Tunisia) from January 2017 to January 2021. All patients clinically suggestive and laboratory confirmed with a diagnosis of CL were registered. Patients of all age groups and of either gender having cutaneous lesions resembling erysipela on the face were included in the study. Different demographic features of the patients and clinical aspects were identified. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.ResultsOf 1300 registered patients with CL, 40 (3%) were diagnosed as ECL. Ages ranged from 15 to 65 years, and duration of lesions varied from 15 to 180 days. All patients had lesions over the face. Clinically, a painful infiltrated inflammatory placard of the central facial area with a butterfly shape was observed in 14 cases, as well as zones of the cheekbone (11 cases), cheekbone and nose (5 cases), cheekbone and eyelid (8 cases), and cheekbone with ear (2 cases). Several therapeutic methods were prescribed with a sufficient result with no recurrence.ConclusionECL is a rare presentation that typically occurs on the face, looking like erysipelas, in patients who are native from an endemic region of CL.
Short‐term natural course of esophageal thermal injury after ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ishidoya Yuki , Kwan Eugene , Dosdall Derek J. , Macleod Rob S. , Navaravong Leenhapong , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Bunch T. Jared , Ranjan Ravi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionEsophageal injury is rare but potentially a devastating complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The goal here was to provide insight into the short‐term natural history of esophageal thermal injury (ETI) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for AFby esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).MethodsWe screened patients who underwent RFCA for AF and EGD based on esophageal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in postablation magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with ETI diagnosed with EGD were included. We defined severity of ETI according to Kansas City classification: type 1: erythema; type 2: ulcers (2a: superficial; 2b deep); type 3 perforation (3a: perforation; 3b: perforation with atrioesophageal fistula [AEF]). Repeated EGD was performed within 1−14 days after the last EGD if recommended and possible until any certain healing signs (visible reduction in size without deepening of ETI or complete resolution) were observed.ResultsETI was observed in 62 of 378 patients who underwent EGD after RFCA. Out of these 62 patients with ETI, 21% (13) were type 1, 50% (31) were type 2a and 29% (18) were type 2b at the initial EGD. All esophageal lesions, but one type 2b lesion that developed into an AEF, showed signs of healing in repeated EGD studies within 14 days after the procedure. The one type 2b lesion developing into an AEF showed an increase in size and ulcer deepening in repeat EGD 8 days after the procedure.ConclusionWe found that all ETI which did not progress to AEF presented healing signs within 14 days after the procedure and that worsening ETI might be an early signal for developing esophageal perforation.
The efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, peficitinib, solcitinib, baricitinib, abrocitinib and deucravacitinib in plaque psoriasis – A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang L. , Guo L. , Wang L. , Jiang X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are novel treatment approaches for psoriasis. However, there is no direct comparison of JAK inhibitors in plaque psoriasis. In order to compare the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in psoriasis, we conducted a network meta‐analysis using eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The efficacy of JAK inhibitors was evaluated using a 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75) from baseline, and the proportion of patients achieving the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) response. The incidence of treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) was also assessed. A total of eight RCTs with tofacitinib, peficitinib, solcitinib, baricitinib, abrocitinib and deucravacitinib were included. A total of 3612 participants who were diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis were analysed. Overall, JAK inhibitors showed superior PASI75 response over placebo at both 8 and 12 weeks. Among all included JAK inhibitors, tofacitinib 15 mg twice a day (BID) had the highest probability of achieving PASI75 at both 8 and 12 weeks (SUCRA = 0.938 and 0.937, separately), followed by tofacitinib 10 mg BID (SUCRA = 0.905 and 0.908, separately) and deucravacitinib 12 mg once daily (QD) (SUCRA = 0.874 and 0.837, separately). A similar finding was observed for PGA response. Safety assessment showed that all JAK inhibitors had non‐inferior safety compared with placebo, except for deucravacitinib 6 mg BID and 12 mg QD. Tofacitinib 2 mg BID was the first‐ranked drug for safety profile followed by deucravacitinib 3 mg QD, and tofacitinib 5 mg BID. When comprehensively evaluated the efficacy and safety, tofacitinib (2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg BID) was superior to other included JAK inhibitors with satisfying PASI75 and PGA response, as well as relatively low incidence of AEs. Our study confirmed that JAK inhibitors had promising treatment efficacy for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Tofacitinib showed superior efficacy and safety over peficitinib, solcitinib, baricitinib, abrocitinib and deucravacitinib.
Worsening sleep predicts lower life space mobility during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Smail Emily J. , Kaufmann Christopher N. , Riehm Kira E. , Mardini Mamoun T. , Cenko Erta , Bai Chen , Manini Todd M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep health is an understudied yet potentially modifiable risk factor for reduced life space mobility (LSM), defined as one's habitual movement throughout a community. The objective of this study was to determine whether recalled changes in sleep traits (e.g., sleep quality, refreshing sleep, sleep problems, and difficulty falling asleep) because of the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with LSM in older adults.MethodsData were obtained from a University of Florida‐administered study conducted in May and June of 2020 (n = 923). Linear regression models were used to assess the impact of COVID‐related change in sleep traits with summary scores from the Life Space Assessment. Analyses were adjusted for demographic, mental, and physical health characteristics, COVID‐related avoidant behaviors, and pre‐COVID sleep ratings.ResultsIn unadjusted models, reporting that any sleep trait got “a lot worse” or “a little worse” was associated with a decrease in LSM (all p < 0.05). Results were attenuated when accounting for demographic, mental, and physical health characteristics. In fully adjusted models, reporting that problems with sleep got “a lot worse” or that refreshing sleep got “a little worse” was associated with a lower standardized LSM score (β = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.74, −0.01, and β = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.37, −0.00, respectively).ConclusionsWhile additional research is needed in diverse people and environments, the results demonstrate an association between sleep traits that worsen in response to a health threat and reduced LSM. This finding suggests that interventions that focus on maintaining sleep health in times of heightened stress could preserve LSM.
Understanding the Benefits of Brief Classroom‐Based Physical Activity Interventions on Primary School‐Aged Children's Enjoyment and Subjective Wellbeing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Papadopoulos Nicole , Mantilla Ana , Bussey Katherine , Emonson Chloe , Olive Lisa , McGillivray Jane , Pesce Caterina , Lewis Samantha , Rinehart Nicole 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEngaging in classroom‐based physical activity (PA) breaks may help increase children's subjective wellbeing and enjoyment of PA, important precursors for children to remain engaged in PA. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the effect of brief classroom‐based PA interventions on primary school children's subjective wellbeing and enjoyment of PA.METHODSDatabases were reviewed between the earliest date of records and April 2020. Eligibility criteria included peer‐reviewed empirical quantitative or mixed methods studies reporting enjoyment of PA or wellbeing outcomes of participating in a brief classroom‐based PA program. Fifteen papers were included. Interventions supported 7022 child participants enrolled at baseline and 6286 children analyzed in interventions across 148 schools.RESULTSThirteen studies examined the effect of brief classroom‐based PA interventions on subjective wellbeing. Four found a significant positive effect for children in the intervention group (specifically for children's self‐efficacy in learning with video exercises, quality of life, and self‐confidence). Eight studies examined the effect of brief classroom‐based PA interventions on enjoyment of PA. Five studies reported a positive effect for children in the intervention group and only 1 study found a negative effect for 1 grade level of children in the intervention group. The remaining studies with wellbeing and/or enjoyment outcomes reported no significant effect.CONCLUSIONSFindings from these studies indicate that the integration of brief PA breaks may support PA enjoyment and specific self‐beliefs and quality of life perceptions that contribute to children's subjective wellbeing. However, more research is needed to confirm this effect.
Rethinking political competition: Contracts and nationally located linkages in Colombian municipalities (1988–2015)
Authors: Pino Uribe Juan Federico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAt the end of the twentieth century, Latin American states began processes of transition and democratic expansion. Two decades later, these processes seem to have been partially achieved through mostly competitive subnational governments in the region. Yet, some countries still show uncompetitive elections and restrictions to local and regional power. This study shows how the interaction between political and administrative decentralization conditions and competition vary in Colombian local municipalities. Using local electoral data and local numbers of contractors, it reveals that politicians at the national level and the number of local contractors are positively related to higher levels of political competition. These results evidence the importance of national political variables and show how administrative decentralization affects local electoral competition.
Optimal planning of flood‐resilient electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yu Hao , Zhang Guohui , Ma Tianwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study is the first attempt to integrate flood resilience into the electric vehicle (EV) charging station planning process. Instead of fully avoiding flood‐prone areas, an optimized placement considering the magnitude of flood inundations can minimize the impact of flood hazards and simultaneously maximize the socio‐economic benefit of EV charging station networks. In this study, an integrated framework of the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐III (NSGA‐III) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to optimize the charging station locations by maximizing the charging convenience, minimizing the impact of flood hazards, and minimizing the impact of existing charging stations. The NSGA‐III is applied to solve the multi‐objective location optimization of charging stations. TOPSIS is subsequently used to determine the best solution from the feasible candidates generated by the NSGA‐III. A case study conducted in the Waikiki area demonstrates that the proposed optimization framework can effectively deal with the trade‐off between the impact of flood hazards and the charging service of a charging station network. This study provides new insights into best practices for dealing with multiple conflicting objectives in EV charging station planning under climate change.