bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the effect of geopolymer adhesive on the bond behavior between CFRP and concretes
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Su Xincheng , Yan Fangpu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of geopolymer adhesive to CFRP‐strengthened the RC structure is a new green reinforcement method, and the bonding behavior of geopolymer adhesive was studied in this paper. The geopolymer mechanical properties orthogonal test was conducted and the optimal proportion was obtained, which summarized the influence of slag powder content, liquid–solid ratio, and water glass modulus. A total of 15 adhesively bonded CFRP‐concrete double‐lap joints were fabricated and tested under shear loading to investigate the effect of geopolymer adhesive on the bonding behaviors. Modified bond‐slip models of the geopolymer adhesive specimens were developed and compared with the test date. The results showed that the failure models of epoxy adhesive and geopolymer adhesive are different. The bond strength, interface stiffness, and maximum shear stress of the geopolymer adhesive specimen can reach 93.6% ~ 97.6%, 95.7% ~ 132.9%, and 91% ~ 94% of the bond strength of epoxy adhesive respectively. The predicted τmax and s0 of the proposed model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, and the maximum deviation is −9.58%. This study proposes that geopolymer could be applied as an effective adhesive in the strengthening of RC structures.
The Unethical Texas Heartbeat Law
Authors: Haining Casey Michelle , Keogh Louise Anne , Savulescu Julian 
Published: March 2022

Key pointsWhat is already known?

The Texas Heartbeat Act, which has been in effect since September 2021, prohibits abortions once a ‘fetal heartbeat’ is detected, except in emergency situations.

The law significantly limits access to abortion services in Texas, by essentially prohibiting abortions post 6 weeks' gestation.

The law has been subjected to several legal challenges, none of which have been successful to date.

What does this article add?

This article provides an overview of some of the ethical concerns the law raises and identifies some of the problems the law creates for women, the health profession and society. The article ultimately argues that the law ought to be quashed.
Serum starvation induces sexual dimorphisms in secreted proteins of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from twin pairs
Authors: Lorenz Mario , Witt Eric , Völker Uwe , Stangl Karl , Stangl Verena , Hammer Elke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence for sex and gender differences in the clinical manifestation and outcomes of human diseases. Human primary endothelial cells represent a useful cardiovascular model to study sexual dimorphisms at the cellular level. Here, we analyzed sexual dimorphisms of the secretome after serum starvation using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from twin pairs of the opposite sex to minimize the impact of varying genetic background. HUVECs were starved for 5 and 16 h, respectively, and proteins of the cell culture supernatants were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Altogether, 960 extracellular proteins were identified of which 683 were amendable to stringent quantification. Significant alterations were observed for 455 proteins between long‐term and short‐term starvation and the majority were similar in both sexes. Only 5 proteins showed significant sex‐specific regulation between long‐versus short‐term starvation. Furthermore, 19 unique proteins with significant sexual dimorphisms at the same time points of serum starvation were observed. A larger number of proteins, for example tissue factor inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), displayed higher levels in the supernatants of females compared to male cells after long term serum starvation that might point to higher adaptation capacity of female cells. The overall results demonstrate that male and female cells differ in their secretome.
Preparation of α,ω‐heterobifunctionalized poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) via a bis‐clickable RAFT reagent
Authors: Liu Jingrui , Sun Wei , Wu Zhaoqiang , Chen Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel trithiocarbonate reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) reagent, 3‐azidopropyl (4‐[fluorosulfonyl]benzyl)trithiocarbonate (Az‐FSBCT), which has both clickable azidopropyl and sulfonyl fluoride moieties, was designed and synthesized. Using the RAFT agent Az‐FSBCT and triethylboron as an initiator, well‐defined poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), in which the azide and sulfonyl fluoride groups are at the α and ω positions of the polymer chains, were prepared without prior deoxygenation at room temperature. Moreover, the possibilities for the construction of new functionalized polymers were also demonstrated by a “click” copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) and sulfur(VI)‐fluoride exchange (SuFEx) postreaction using these terminal functional PVPs.
Low‐cost, handheld near‐infrared spectroscopy for root dry matter content prediction in cassava
Authors: Hershberger Jenna , Mbanjo Edwige Gaby Nkouaya , Peteti Prasad , Ikpan Andrew , Ogunpaimo Kayode , Nafiu Kehinde , Rabbi Ismail Y. , Gore Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver 800 million people across the tropics rely on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a major source of calories. While the root dry matter content (RDMC) of this starchy root crop is important for both producers and consumers, characterization of RDMC by traditional methods is time‐consuming and laborious for breeding programs. Alternate phenotyping methods have been proposed but lack the accuracy, cost, or speed ultimately needed for cassava breeding programs. For this reason, we investigated the use of a low‐cost, handheld near‐infrared spectrometer (740–1070 nm) for field‐based RDMC prediction in cassava. Oven‐dried measurements of RDMC were paired with 21,044 scans of roots of 376 diverse genotypes from 10 field trials in Nigeria and grouped into training and test sets based on cross‐validation schemes relevant to plant breeding programs. Mean partial least squares regression model performance ranged from R2P = 0.62–0.89 for within‐trial predictions, which is within the range achieved with laboratory‐grade spectrometers in previous studies. Relative to other factors, model performance was highly affected by the inclusion of samples from the same environment in both the training and test sets. With appropriate model calibration, the tested spectrometer will allow for field‐based collection of spectral data with a smartphone for accurate RDMC prediction and potentially other quality traits, a step that could be easily integrated into existing harvesting workflows of cassava breeding programs.
Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT): A patient's guide
Authors: Denmeade Samuel , Antonarakis Emmanuel S , Markowski Mark C 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBipolar androgen therapy (BAT) is a new treatment concept for men whose prostate cancer has become resistant to standard hormone‐blocking therapy. Over the past decade, we have performed a series of clinical studies testing BAT in asymptomatic men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The key findings from these clinical studies are that BAT (a) can be safely administered to asymptomatic patients with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer; (b) does not produce symptomatic disease progression; (c) produces sustained prostate‐specific antigen and objective responses in 30%–40% of patients; and (d) can resensitize and prolong response to subsequent antiandrogen therapy. The concept of BAT has generated significant interest from men with prostate cancer, their families, and their physicians. Here we provide a “Patient's Guide” that answers questions about BAT in a form that is accessible to patients, their families, and physicians. Our goal is to provide information to help patients make the most informed decisions they can regarding their prostate cancer treatment.
Impact of diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in sweet orange orchards in São Paulo state citrus belt, Brazil
Authors: Moreira Rafaele Regina , Machado Franklin Jackson , Lanza Fabrício Eustáquio , Trombin Vinícius Gustavo , Bassanezi Renato Beozzo , de Miranda Marcelo Pedreira , Barbosa José Carlos , da Silva Junior Geraldo José , Behlau Franklin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite technical improvements in the citrus chain and leadership in orange production achieved in the past decades, premature fruit drop remains a major component of crop loss in São Paulo state citrus belt, the largest sweet orange production area in the world. The present study aimed to determine, during five consecutive seasons, the impact of the diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in the orange belt.ResultsFruit drop due to the main diseases and pests averaged approximately 11.0%, which corresponded to approximately 63% of the annual fruit drop. The average fruit drop rate due to fruit borer and fruit flies combined was 4.0%, Huanglongbing (HLB) 3.3%, black spot 2.6%, leprosis 1.0% and citrus canker 0.3%. The average amount of fruit drop (million 40.8 kg boxes) and value of crop losses (million US$ dollars), in five seasons, were 12.7 and 66.2 for fruit borer/fruit flies, 11.0 and 57.9 for HLB, 8.1 and 42.2 for black spot, 3.1 and 15.6 for leprosis, and 0.9 and 4.9 for citrus canker, respectively.ConclusionFruit borer and fruit flies (combined), HLB, black spot, leprosis and citrus canker are, in this order, the main diseases and pests in the orange belt of São Paulo state. All of these causes significantly increased the overall fruit drop rate in the evaluated seasons. The results will contribute to the development of the Brazilian citrus industry, while showing to other citrus‐growing regions the potential that diseases and pests have to jeopardize production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The naturally‐derived alkaloids as a potential treatment for COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Gonzalez Bárbara Longhini , de Oliveira Natalia Castelhano , Ritter Mariane Roberta , Tonin Fernanda Stumpf , Melo Eduardo Borges , Sanches Andréia Cristina Conegero , Fernandez‐Llimos Fernando , Petruco Marcus Vinícius , de Mello João Carlos Palazzo , Chierrito Danielly , de Medeiros Araújo Daniela Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has a high mortality rate and transmissibility. In this context, medicinal plants have attracted attention due to the wide availability and variety of therapeutic compounds, such as alkaloids, a vast class with several proven pharmacological effects, like the antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activities. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of the potential applicability of alkaloids for treating COVID‐19. A systematic search was performed on PubMed and Scopus, from database inception to August 2021. Among the 63 eligible studies, 65.07% were in silico model, 20.63% in vitro and 14.28% clinical trials and observational studies. According to the in silico assessments, the alkaloids 10‐hydroxyusambarensine, cryptospirolepine, crambescidin 826, deoxynortryptoquivaline, ergotamine, michellamine B, nigellidine, norboldine and quinadoline B showed higher binding energy with more than two target proteins. The remaining studies showed potential use of berberine, cephaeline, emetine, homoharringtonine, lycorine, narciclasine, quinine, papaverine and colchicine. The possible ability of alkaloids to inhibit protein targets and to reduce inflammatory markers show the potential for development of new treatment strategies against COVID‐19. However, more high quality analyses/reviews in this field are necessary to firmly establish the effectiveness/safety of the alkaloids here described.
Recent Advances and Prospects in the Amination of Benzoxazoles
Authors: Ibrahim Kaliyathodi , Saranya Padinjare Veetil , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAminoheterocycles are important class of heterocycles and many of the natural products and drug molecules are observed as the derivatives of aminoheterocycles. Consequently, their efficient synthetic protocols have gained more attention among organic chemists. Benzoxazole is one of the familiar fused heterocyclic compounds showing vibrant biological activities, and is seen as the backbone in various biologically important compounds and drugs. The new C−N bond construction on benzoxazole by the coupling between sp2 carbon at the 2‐position of benzoxazole and nitrogen from several nitrogen sources enhanced their properties, and the area of amination of benzoxazole is relatively rich in literature. In this review, we have compiled the recent advances in the amination of benzoxazoles by giving an overview and covering literature up to 2021.
Engineering the Compositional Architecture of Core‐Shell Upconverting Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Optimal Luminescent Donor in Resonance Energy Transfer: The Effects of Energy Migration and Storage
Authors: Pilch‐Wrobel Aleksandra , Kotulska Agata Maria , Lahtinen Satu , Soukka Tero , Bednarkiewicz Artur 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFörster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between single molecule donor (D) and acceptor (A) is well understood from a fundamental perspective and is widely applied in biology, biotechnology, medical diagnostics, and bio‐imaging. Lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have demonstrated their suitability as alternative donor species. Nevertheless, while they solve most disadvantageous features of organic donor molecules, such as photo‐bleaching, spectral cross‐excitation, and emission bleed‐through, the fundamental understanding and practical realizations of bioassays with UCNP donors remain challenging. Among others, the interaction between many donor ions (in donor UCNP) and many acceptors anchored on the NP surface and the upconversion itself within UCNPs, complicate the decay‐based analysis of D‐A interaction. In this work, the assessment of designed virtual core‐shell NP (VNP) models leads to the new designs of UCNPs, such as …@Er, Yb@Er, Yb@YbEr, which are experimentally evaluated as donor NPs and compared to the simulations. Moreover, the luminescence rise and decay kinetics in UCNP donors upon RET is discussed in newly proposed disparity measurements. The presented studies help to understand the role of energy‐transfer and energy migration between lanthanide ion dopants and how the architecture of core‐shell UCNPs affects their performance as FRET donors to organic acceptor dyes.
Nomenclatural remarks on Linnaean names of aquatic plants
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe typification of the Linnaean names Alisma natans and Typha latifolia is discussed. A specimen deposited at LINN and Morison's illustration of “Typha palustris major” are designated, respectively, as lectotypes. Since the latter image cannot be unambiguously identified as T. latifolia as currently circumscribed, an epitype is selected. Alisma parnassifolia, a name variously ascribed to both Linnaeus and Bassi, is shown to have been published by Linnaeus in 1768, whereas the publication by Bassi was in 1783. This contrasts with current literature and online databases that report 1768 as the year of Bassi's publication. Alisma parnassifolia is lectotypified on a specimen at LINN with an isolectotype at BOLO. Bassi's A. parnassifolia is treated as an isonym. A detailed discussion about these two authors, their works and correspondence is provided.
Collecting and Culturing Lineus sanguineus to Study Nemertea WBR
Authors: Zattara Eduardo E. , Fernández-Alvarez Fernando A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhole-body regeneration, the ability to reconstruct complete individuals from small fragments, is rare among ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) but present in the pilidiophoran species Lineus sanguineus. This species can regenerate complete individuals from a tiny midbody section, and even from a quarter of a piece, provided it retains a fragment of a lateral nerve cord. While a few other unrelated species of ribbon worms are also excellent regenerators, L. sanguineus is unique in having evolved its regenerative abilities quite recently and thus offers an exceptional opportunity to gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms of regeneration enhancement. Interestingly, both its sister species Lineus lacteus and Lineus pseudolacteus, a third species derived from the recent hybridization of the other two, differ in their regeneration abilities: while L. lacteus is uncapable of regenerating a lost head, L. pseudolacteus is capable of anterior regeneration, albeit at a slower rate than L. sanguineus. L. sanguineus has a worldwide distribution in temperate shores of both hemispheres, is readily found at intertidal habitats, and can survive, feed and be bred through asexual replication with minimal effort in laboratory settings. All the above make this species a superb candidate for studies of regenerative biology. In this chapter, we present protocols to collect, identify and breed L. sanguineus to study the extraordinary whole-body regeneration abilities found in this species.
In Situ Hybridization to Identify Stem Cells in the Freshwater Sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis
Authors: Kojima Chiaki , Funayama Noriko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSponges (Porifera) are a large phylum that includes an enormous number of species. They are classified into four classes. Among these four classes, class Demospongiae is the largest and contains more than 90% of sponge species. In the last decade, methodologies for molecular studies and sequencing resources in sponge biology have dramatically advanced and made it possible to clearly define particular types of cells based on the genes they are expressing. Here we describe in detail the method of high-resolution WISH (whole mount in situ hybridization) and dual color fluorescent detection of in situ hybridization (dual color FISH) that we have established to detect particular types of cells, especially their stem cells known as archeocytes, in juveniles of freshwater demosponge, E. fluviatilis.
RNAi Screening to Assess Tissue Regeneration in Planarians
Authors: Roberts-Galbraith Rachel H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past several decades, planarians have emerged as a powerful model system with which to study the cellular and molecular basis of whole-body regeneration. The best studied planarians belong to freshwater flatworm species that maintain their remarkable regenerative capacity partly through the deployment of a population of adult pluripotent stem cells. Assessment of gene function in planarian regeneration has primarily been achieved through RNA interference (RNAi), either through the feeding or injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi treatment of planarians has several advantages, including ease of use, which allows for medium-throughput screens of hundreds of genes over the course of a single project. Here, I present methods for dsRNA synthesis and RNAi feeding, as well as strategies for follow-up assessment of both structural and functional regeneration of organ systems of planarians, with a special emphasis on neural regeneration.
Studying Protista WBR and Repair Using Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Sperry Megan M. , Murugan Nirosha J. , Levin Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhysarum polycephalum is a protist slime mould that exhibits a high degree of responsiveness to its environment through a complex network of tubes and cytoskeletal components that coordinate behavior across its unicellular, multinucleated body. Physarum has been used to study decision making, problem solving, and mechanosensation in aneural biological systems. The robust generative and repair capacities of Physarum also enable the study of whole-body regeneration within a relatively simple model system. Here we describe methods for growing, imaging, quantifying, and sampling Physarum that are adapted for investigating regeneration and repair.
Studying Mechanical Oscillations During Whole-Body Regeneration in Hydra
Authors: Ferenc Jaroslav , Tsiairis Charisios D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCells of the freshwater cnidarian Hydra possess an exceptional regeneration ability. In small groups of these cells, organizer centers emerge spontaneously and instruct the patterning of the surrounding population into a new animal. This property makes them an excellent model system to study the general rules of self-organization. A small tissue fragment or a clump of randomly aggregated cells can form a hollow spheroid that is able to establish a body axis de novo. Interestingly, mechanical oscillations (inflation/deflation cycles of the spheroid) driven by osmosis accompany the successful establishment of axial polarity. Here we describe different approaches for generating Hydra tissue spheroids, along with imaging and image analysis techniques to investigate their mechanical behavior.
Formalizing Phenotypes of Regeneration
Authors: Lobo Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegeneration experiments can produce complex phenotypes including morphological outcomes and gene expression patterns that are crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms of regeneration. However, due to their inherent complexity, variability between individuals, and heterogeneous data spreading across the literature, extracting mechanistic knowledge from them is a current challenge. Toward this goal, here we present protocols to unambiguously formalize the phenotypes of regeneration and their experimental procedures using precise mathematical morphological descriptions and standardized gene expression patterns. We illustrate the application of the methodology with step-by-step protocols for planaria and limb regeneration phenotypes. The curated datasets with these methods are not only helpful for human scientists, but they represent a key formalized resource that can be easily integrated into downstream reverse engineering methodologies for the automatic extraction of mechanistic knowledge. This approach can pave the way for discovering comprehensive systems-level models of regeneration.
Collecting and Culturing Kamptozoans for Regenerative Studies
Authors: Meyer Achim , Merkel Julia , Lieb Bernhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKamptozoa, also known as Entoprocta, are small aquatic filter-feeders that belong to the Lophotrochozoan superphylum, which also contains other acoelomate phyla including Annelida, Nemertea, and Mollusca. The study of Kamptozoa is thus of great interest to understand the early Lophotrochozoan evolution. Moreover, many kamptozoans have been shown to possess great regeneration capacities, including whole-body regeneration. In addition, and in particular for colonial cosmopolitan species such as Barentsia benedeni, kamptozoans are highly suitable as laboratory model organisms because of their simple culture, low space requirements, transparency and rapid life cycle. This chapter provides a brief introduction into field collection, culturing techniques for both the animals as well as the algae required for their feeding, fixation, staining, and sequencing.
Volunteering as a Psychosocial Resource
Authors: Güntert Stefan T. , Wehner Theo , Mieg Harald A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt may seem paradoxical that working without remuneration can contribute to well-being, yet this is precisely what has been observed in empirical studies: Volunteer work can act as apsychosocial resource. In order to understand this rationale, it is important to see volunteering within the context of the salutogenic model and role theories. This helps explain how volunteering can contribute to maintaining health and promoting well-being; complement or compensate other areas of activity, especially paid employment; and contribute to a better work–life balance.