bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Grenn Francis P , Makarious Mary B , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Iwaki Hirotaka , Singleton Andrew B , Nalls Mike A , Blauwendraat Cornelis ,   The International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is about 1.5 times more prevalent in males than females. Extensive work has been done to identify the genetic risk factors behind Parkinson’s disease on autosomes and more recently on Chromosome X, but work remains to be done on the male-specific Y chromosome. In an effort to explore the role of the Y chromosome in Parkinson’s disease, we analysed whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership—Parkinson’s disease initiative (1466 cases and 1664 controls), genotype data from NeuroX (3491 cases and 3232 controls) and genotype data from UKBiobank (182 517 controls, 1892 cases and 3783 proxy cases), all consisting of male European ancestry samples. We classified sample Y chromosomes by haplogroup using three different tools for comparison (Snappy, Yhaplo and Y-LineageTracker) and meta-analysed this data to identify haplogroups associated with Parkinson’s disease. This was followed up with a Y-chromosome association study to identify specific variants associated with disease. We also analysed blood-based RNASeq data obtained from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership—Parkinson’s disease initiative (1020 samples) and RNASeq data obtained from the North American Brain Expression Consortium (171 samples) to identify Y-chromosome genes differentially expressed in cases, controls, specific haplogroups and specific tissues. RNASeq analyses suggest Y-chromosome gene expression differs between brain and blood tissues but does not differ significantly in cases, controls or specific haplogroups. Overall, we did not find any strong associations between Y-chromosome genetics and Parkinson’s disease, suggesting the explanation for the increased prevalence in males may lie elsewhere.
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Broad in Theory, Narrow in Reality
Authors: Waters Laura , de Miguel-Buckley Rosa , Poulin Sébastien , Arribas Jose R 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this viewpoint, we briefly review the status of antiretroviral therapy (ART), its unmet needs, and the role that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) might have in the near future for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We summarize advances in the development of bNAbs as antiretroviral therapy, the results of main clinical trials of bNAbs for HIV treatment and prevention, and its role in cure trials. The limitations of broadly neutralizing antibodies are the current need for primary resistance testing, the still unclear number of antibodies that must be combined, the lack of penetration in anatomical reservoirs, and the role they might play in cure studies. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of “classical ART” and therapy based on broadly neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that broadly neutralizing antibodies still need considerable improvements before they can be considered an alternative to classical ART.
A Quick “Environment Check” for All Ages: Validating the New Age-Inclusive Work Environments Instrument
Authors: Owen Mikaela S , Berthelsen Hanne , Jamieson Stephanie D , Westerlund Hugo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe global aging workforce necessitates new approaches in designing work environments to cater to the needs of increasingly age-diverse work groups. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has in reaction outlined that organizations need to provide age-inclusive work environments that support the needs of their multigenerational workforce, to ensure their sustainability and profitability. To capture the age inclusiveness of the work environment, the present study proposes and validates an age-inclusive “environment check” for organizations referred to as the Age-Inclusive Work Environment Instrument (AIWEI), which covers discrimination, inclusion, and development opportunities.Research Design and MethodsWe validate the 9-item AIWEI using cross-sectional and multilevel data from 2,892 Swedish workers across 101 workplaces who completed an online survey, using confirmatory factor analyses across young, middle-age, and older workers. Using a nomological approach, we also evaluate the concurrent validity of the AIWEI with a 2-1-1 path analysis.ResultsThe factor analyses supported a 3-factor model comprising of inclusion, discrimination, and development opportunities, across 3 age groups (i.e., young, middle-age, and older workers). These 3 factors had high Intraclass Coefficient (ICC) scores showing consistency in responding in the workplace. In accordance with the nomological approach, the factors of the AIWEI were linked with Psychosocial Safety Climate, burnout, and engagement, demonstrating concurrent validity for the AIWEI.Discussion and ImplicationsThis new “environment check” provides a way to capture age-inclusive work environments for both younger and older workers, in an age-diverse workforce. In the validation process, age-inclusive work environments were found to exist as a group phenomenon, through shared perceptions within an organization, as well as an individual phenomenon, as experiences specific to an individual. This is important for the development and implementation of policies and strategies designed to benefit workers and organizations.
Rapid Analysis of Taurine in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Wood Jackie E 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTaurine is recognized as an essential growth factor and as being critical in the maintenance of functional tissue regulation.ObjectiveA rapid compliance method for the analysis of taurine that is applicable to infant formula and milk-based nutritional products is described.MethodFollowing protein precipitation with Carrez solutions, taurine in the sample extract is separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Stable isotope-labeled taurine internal standard is used for quantification to correct for losses in extraction and variations in ionization in the ion source.ResultsThe method was shown to be accurate, with acceptable recovery of 99.6% (range = 91.1–106.5%). Results for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-certified reference materials showed no statistical bias for NIST 1849a (P = 0.96) and NIST 1869 (P = 0.88) when compared with reference values. No bias was found when results were compared with those of an international reference method, AOAC Official MethodSM997.05 (P = 0.18). Repeatability was estimated to be 3.1% RSDr (range: 2.4–4.0%, HorRat: 0.3), and intermediate precision was estimated to be 4.9% RSDiR (range: 2.2–7.7%).ConclusionsSuccessful single-laboratory validation demonstrates that this rapid method is suitable for use in high-throughput laboratories as part of routine product compliance release testing of taurine in nutritional products.HighlightsA method for the analysis of taurine in infant formula and adult nutritionals by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is described. The method is suitable for use in high-throughput laboratories for routine product compliance testing of taurine. A single-laboratory validation study demonstrated the method to be accurate, precise, and fit for purpose.
A new hernia: Meckel’s diverticulum within a parastomal hernia
Authors: Sarofim Mina , Ashrafizadeh Amir , Kabir Shahrir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A Meckel’s diverticulum is a true diverticulum containing all layers of bowel wall. An infrequently encountered sequela of this is a Littre’s hernia, typically inguinal or femoral. This is the first description of a Meckel’s diverticulum within a parastomal hernia. When encountered incidentally at surgery, resection should be considered on a case-by-case basis to prevent future complications of bleeding, obstruction or perforation.
Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis diagnosed on routine PET scan: a case report
Authors: Skoczek Alexandra C , Fernandez Dennis L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis (XGA) is a rare process affecting the appendix vermiformis. Due to the atypical presentation of XGA, it is most commonly diagnosed post operatively on surgical pathology and is associated with interval appendectomies. Here, we describe a rare case of XGA diagnosed on pathology after acute appendicitis was found on routine Positron emission tomography scan for a minimally symptomatic patient with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the atypical presentation of XGA and the use of interval appendectomies following acute appendicitis diagnosis.
Microbial Matters: Form and Process in Thomas Hardy’s The Woodlanders
Authors: MacVeagh Molly 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This essay reads Thomas Hardy’s 1887 novel, The Woodlanders, alongside nineteenth-century fermentation science in order to make a case for the value of ‘process’ as an interpretive keyword complementary to traditional questions of form and progress. In examining Hardy’s emphasis on maintenance work, it offers an interpretive path through the divergent poles of ‘new’ and ‘old’ materialism. Looking to the novel’s lively descriptions of consumption, fermentation, and decay, I suggest that attention to The Woodlanders’ processes offers both an alternate to modes of reading dictated by the assumption of an organic whole, and insights into Hardy’s politics of interdependence. To make this case, I begin by examining the way the woodlanders’ bioregional consumption patterns both index the entanglement of humans and their environments and reveal the precarity that exists within seemingly stable rural lifestyles. In the second section, I argue that reading the precarious processes of rural life alongside nineteenth-century fermentation science offers a surprising account of preservation through change: the decay of old socio-ecological relations opens possibilities for catalysing new ones. The third section builds on the second by reading The Woodlanders along with Marx’s theories of societal metabolism. Rather than a vision of social purity or boundedness, this conjunction yields a model of the social body that sees interdependence as a condition of continuity.
Establishment and Evaluation of Recombinant Expression of HCV Transmembrane Protein (p7) and Detection of Anti-p7 Antibody in Serum of HCV-Infected Patients by Chemiluminescence
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Wu Jie , Yu Yu , Dai Yuzhu , Jin Xiaojuan , Sun Qingyang , Che Feihu , Zhang Yingjie , Cheng Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Our aim was to establish a chemiluminescence method for detecting anti-transmembrane protein (p7) antibody in the serum of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods
The p7 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the plasmid PUC-p7 containing the p7 nucleic acid sequence of the HCV 1b genotype as the template, and recombinant plasmid pGEX-KG-p7 was constructed. After p7 fusion, the protein was induced and expressed in the prokaryote, extracted, and purified; the anti-p7 antibody detection kit was prepared, and its efficacy was evaluated.

Results
The plasmid pGEX-KG-p7 was constructed correctly, and p7 fusion protein was obtained. The methodological indexes of the kit, the precision test, blank limit and detection limit, etc, met the requirements. The positive rate of serum anti-p7 antibody in 45 patients with HCV infection was 20%.

Conclusions
The kit can be used in screening diagnosis, condition monitoring, prognosis, and disease mechanism and epidemiological study of HCV infection. The p7 protein has immune response in HCV-infected patients.
An atlas of glucose uptake across the entire human body as measured by the total-body PET/CT scanner: a pilot study
Authors: Lu Weizhao , Cheng Zhaoping , Xie Xue , Li Kun , Duan Yanhua , Li Min , Ma Chao , Liu Sijin , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlucose uptake differs in organs and tissues across the human body. To date, however, there has been no single atlas providing detailed glucose uptake profiles across the entire human body. Therefore, we aimed to generate a detailed profile of glucose uptake across the entire human body using the uEXPLORER positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanner, which offers the opportunity to collect glucose metabolic imaging quickly and simultaneously in all sites of the body. The standardized uptake value normalized by lean body mass (SUL) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was used as a measure of glucose uptake. We developed a fingerprint of glucose uptake reflecting the mean SULs of major organs and parts across the entire human body in 15 healthy-weight and 18 overweight subjects. Using the segmentation of organs and body parts from the atlas, we uncovered the significant impacts of age, sex, and obesity on glucose uptake in organs and parts across the entire body. A difference was recognized between the right and left side of the body. Overall, we generated a total-body glucose uptake atlas that could be used as the reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of disordered states involving dysregulated glucose metabolism.
Arithmetical and Hyperarithmetical Worm Battles
Authors: FernÁndez-Duque David , Joosten Joost J , Pakhomov Fedor , Papafilippou Konstantinos , Weiermann Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Japaridze’s provability logic ${\operatorname {GLP}}$ has one modality $[n]$ for each natural number and has been used by Beklemishev for a proof theoretic analysis of Peano arithmetic (${\operatorname {PA}}$) and related theories. Among other benefits, this analysis yields the so-called Every Worm Dies (${\operatorname {EWD}}$) principle, a natural combinatorial statement independent of ${\operatorname {PA}}$. Recently, Beklemishev and Pakhomov have studied notions of provability corresponding to transfinite modalities in ${\operatorname {GLP}}$. We show that indeed the natural transfinite extension of ${\operatorname {GLP}}$ is sound for this interpretation and yields independent combinatorial principles for the second-order theory ${\operatorname {ACA}}$ of arithmetical comprehension with full induction. We also provide restricted versions of ${\operatorname {EWD}}$ related to the fragments ${\operatorname {I\varSigma }}_n$ of PA. In order to prove the latter, we show that standard Hardy functions majorize their variants based on tree ordinals.
Introduction
Authors: Mercado Alfonso , Venta Amanda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis Introduction begins by setting the context for the remainder of the book. It starts by detailing the authors’ backgrounds and clinical experience working in clinical, research, and advocacy settings. The diversity of Latinx persons in the United States is then discussed, as is the need for the culturally sensitive practice that is highlighted throughout the book. Several topics important in the Latinx mental health literature, like the Hispanic Health Paradox, the Immigrant Paradox, acculturation, and acculturative stress, are introduced. An exploration of ethical principles for mental health practitioners, including psychologists, social workers, and other clinicians, follows. The chapter ends with the importance and timeliness of psychological advocacy and the critical role of culturally informed psychological assessment with people of color, specifically Latinx groups.
Instruments for Psychological Assessment with Latinx Persons
Authors: Mercado Alfonso , Venta Amanda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen psychological testing is a critical component of the referral at hand, it is crucial that a careful selection of measures is undertaken. This chapter discusses the importance of carefully selecting psychological measures in the assessment of Latinx groups. It also provides an overview of psychological assessments commonly used in clinical settings with Latinx groups, with particular attention paid to cognitive and personality measures. In addition, assessment with children is discussed with a particular focus on trauma assessments and youth psychopathology measures. The chapter closes with a summary of the importance of training, competency, and a careful selection of measures that takes into account validity and reliability.
Electrophysiological Generators in Clinical Neurophysiology
Authors: Lagerlund Terrence D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the structural generators of the various potentials that are recorded during clinical neurophysiological studies. It also discusses the specific types of potentials or components that are produced by each generator. These include peripheral nerves and muscles, whose function is assessed by nerve conduction studies and the electromyogram; sweat glands, which are assessed through the peripheral autonomic surface potential and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test; spinal cord, which generates components of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), brainstem, which generates components of SEP and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) studies, special sensory receptors in the retina and cochlea, which generate the electroretinogram and early components of the BAEP, optic and auditory pathways, which generate components of SEP, BAEP, and visual evoked potential studies, and cerebral cortex, which generates the electroencephalogram and late components of SEP, BAEP, and visual evoked potential studies.
Adult Electroencephalography
Authors: Britton Jeffrey W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter features of the normal adult electroencephalogram (EEG) and benign variants are described. Analysis of the EEG is important in the evaluation of patients with a number of brain disorders. Knowledge and familiarity of normal EEG features are essential in order to accurately identify abnormalities and avoid misdiagnosis. The sources of EEG activity and the fundamentals of EEG recording and EEG display are discussed. Characteristics of the normal EEG background during wakefulness and sleep and during activation procedures are clarified. Finally, benign variants are covered in detail; as these are a common cause of EEG misdiagnosis.
Assessment of Spells and Seizures in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Feyissa Anteneh M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neurologists are frequently tasked to evaluate patients with paroxysmal spells that are characterized by changes in awareness, attention, or perception or by abnormal movements. These can be broadly classified as epileptic seizures (ESs) and nonepileptic spells (NESs). NESs could mimic ESs but are distinguished by their symptomatology and lack of epileptiform activity on electroencephalography. NES could have psychologic or physiologic underpinning. Psychological causes of NES, also known as psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, are the most common causes of NES. Physiologic causes of NES include syncope, movement disorders, and sleep-related disorders. Familiarity with a variety of crucial features for different spell types helps create an appropriate differential diagnosis to guide further diagnostic testing. Accurate diagnosis of NES is crucial to prevent inappropriate treatment, impact on employment and driving status, delay of appropriate treatment, and overuse of healthcare resources. This chapter discusses the most common causes of spells encountered in the outpatient setting.
Epilepsy Surgery Evaluation
Authors: Drazkowski Joseph F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of numerous types of electroencephalography (EEG) in the evaluation of people with refractory partial epilepsy for possible resective surgery remains integral to the comprehensive epilepsy evaluation. A progression in the use of the various forms of EEG, from routine EEG to intracranial recordings, remains integral to the person with epilepsy and the evaluation process when contemplating therapeutic epilepsy surgery. Surgery remains a potentially curative procedure for people with intractable epilepsy. Using a multidisciplinary team to evaluate the patient with epilepsy requires that essential elements of the evaluation are in agreement before surgery is offered. The use of specialized tests and sometimes invasive EEG recording techniques can assist in localizing the ictal zone for possible surgical resection when standard monitoring techniques are not conclusively localizing. Continued study of high-frequency oscillations, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), and perhaps chronic EEGs (implantables and wearable devices) may provide even more surgery for the person with epilepsy. SEEG is becoming more widely utilized and may provide improved localization in many cases. The utilization of many specific clinical neurophysiology (CNP) techniques remains essential to the presurgical evaluation process for people with epilepsy. This chapter reviews the techniques and approach to surgical evaluation of patients with intractable epilepsy.
Needle Electromyography
Authors: Rubin Devon I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Needle electromyography (EMG) is a technique used, along with nerve conduction studies (NCSs), to identify and characterize neuromuscular disorders, including diseases involving anterior horn cells or motor neurons, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles. Motor and sensory NCSs provide important information about the function of these structures, and in some conditions (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome or demyelinating neuropathies) are the most useful electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests to determine the underlying disorder. However, in many situations (e.g., mild radiculopathies or myopathies), NCSs alone are insufficient to identify a disorder or are able to localize the disease but cannot provide other important information, such as how long the disease has been present or whether recovery is occurring. Therefore, nearly all EDX studies require a needle EMG evaluation. Needle EMG refers to the recording of the electrical signals derived from muscle fibers using a needle recording electrode. This technique requires specialized knowledge of muscle anatomy, neuromuscular physiology and disease pathophysiology, changes in signals with diseases, techniques of waveform interpretation, electricity, and patient interaction. Successful performance of needle EMG relies on the skills of inserting, moving, and recording with a needle electrode and analyzing electrical signals recorded from muscle using auditory pattern recognition and semiquantitation techniques. This chapter reviews the technique of needle EMG and EMG waveform analysis and details the methods of identification and the significance of EMG waveforms recorded during the needle examination.
Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Radiculopathies
Authors: Shah Jaimin S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the use of nerve conduction studies and electromyography in the assessment of radiculopathy. Radiculopathy is one of the most frequent reasons for referral to the electrodiagnostic laboratory. It reviews the anatomy of nerve roots and pathophysiology of radiculopathy important in the understanding of electrodiagnostic findings in radiculopathy. It also discusses expected electrodiagnostic abnormalities in radiculopathy and recommended approaches to performing electrodiagnostic studies tailored to specific clinical scenarios. Important limitations and pitfalls of electrodiagnostic examinations are also reviewed. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies may provide an external validation to the clinical assessment and imaging studies in the evaluation of radiculopathy.