bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of necrotic enteritis associated with campylobacteriosis and coccidiosis in an adult Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus)
Authors: Ledwoń Aleksandra , Murawska Małgorzata , Dolka Izabella , Chmiel Dorota Chrobak , Szleszczuk Piotr 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To date, Campylobacter jejuni has not been found to be pathogenic to peafowl. The available publications show that out of a total of 44 samples tested from peafowl, this bacterium was isolated only in two cases. Eimeria pavonina infestations in the peafowl have been described, but no fatal cases have been reported yet.

Case presentation
The four-year-old peacock was presented with chronic diarrhea, emaciation and weakness. Post mortem examination revealed enlarged and pale kidneys, small intestinal mucosal necrosis and thickening of intestinal wall, and pericardial effusion. The histopathological examination revealed necrotic enteritis with marked mononuclear cells infiltration associated with the presence of coccidia, additionally there was histological evidence of septicemia in liver and kidneys. Bacteria identification was based on light microscopy of the small intestine sample, culture, and biochemical tests. Further identification was based on PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was created by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 6 antimicrobial agents from 5 different classes. PCR assays were performed to detect virulence factors genes responsible for motility, cytolethal distending toxin production, adhesion and internalization. Bacteriology of the small intestine sample showed abundant growth almost exclusively of Campylobacter jejuni, resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ampicillin. Bacteria was sensitive to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and erythromycin. All tested virulence factors genes have been detected. The parasitological examination was performed by microscopic examination of fresh faeces and intestinal content, and revealed the moderate number of Eimeria pavonina, Histomonas meleagridis, single Capillaria spp. eggs as well Heterakis spp. like parasites.

Conclusion
The above case shows that a virulent isolate of Campylobacter jejuni in combination with a parasitic invasion may cause chronic enteritis in peafowl, which most likely led to extreme exhaustion of the host organism and death.
Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast supplementation on the physio-pathological impacts ofchronic exposure to glyphosate and or malathion in Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Hassan Marwa A. , Hozien Samaa T. , Abdel Wahab Mona M. , Hassan Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPesticide exposure is thought to be a major contributor to living organism health deterioration, as evidenced by its impact on both cultured fish species and human health. Commercial fish diets are typically deficient in selenium (Se); hence, supplementation may be necessary to meet requirements during stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective role of selenium yeast (SY) supplementation for 60 days against the deleterious effects of glyphosate and or malathion chronic toxicity at sublethal concentrations inOreochromis niloticus.MethodsTwo hundred and ten fish were divided into seven groups (n = 30/group) as follows: G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L− 1glyphosate); G3 (0.5 mg L− 1malathion); G4 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L− 1and malathion 0.3 mg L− 1); G5 (glyphosate 2 mg L− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg− 1); G6 (malathion 0.5 mg L− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg− 1); and G7 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L− 1; malathion 0.3 mg L− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg− 1).ResultsResults revealed significant alteration in growth performance parameters including feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). G4 has the highest documented cumulative mortalities (40%), followed by G3 (30%). Additionally, the greatest impact was documented in G4, followed by G3 and then G2 as severe anemia with significant thrombocytopenia; leukocytosis; hypoproteinemia; increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Considering the previously mentioned parameters, selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (3.3 mg kg− 1available selenium) mitigated the negative impact of both the agrochemicals, whether exposed singly or in combination, in addition to their antioxidative action.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study found that organophosphorus agrochemicals, single or combined, had negative impacts onOreochromis niloticusregarding growth performance, biochemical and hematological changes in the serum, as well as induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. Supplementation of SY at the rate of 3.3 mg kg− 1diet (2.36 mg kg− 1selenomethionine and 0.94 mg organic selenium) ameliorated the fish performance and health status adversely affected by organophosphorus agrochemical intoxication.
Access to oral care is a human rights issue: a community action report from the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Jozaghi Ehsan , Vandu  , Maynard Russ , Khoshnoudian Yasaman , Brondani Mario A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo offer a critical reflection on an impoverished neighborhood in Vancouver, Canada, and their access to oral health care. A review of how a lack of publicly funded oral health care affects the most vulnerable, uninsured, and underserved citizens is performed. Personal and professional accounts on how entrepreneurial innovations of not-for-profit organizations can help to close the gap in access to oral health care are offered using the Vancouver Area Network of drug users (VANDU) and the PHS Community Services Society as case studies in British Columbia. Despite the efforts put forward by not-for-profit organizations such as the VANDU and the PHS Community Services Society, a national oral health care plan is warranted though still not a political imperative. Underserved citizens have a right to oral health care that is compassionate, collaborative, accessible, and affordable.
Development of an objectively measured walkability index for the Netherlands
Authors: Lam Thao Minh , Wang Zhiyong , Vaartjes Ilonca , Karssenberg Derek , Ettema Dick , Helbich Marco , Timmermans Erik J. , Frank Lawrence D. , den Braver Nicolette R. , Wagtendonk Alfred J. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Lakerveld Jeroen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Walkability indices have been developed and linked to behavioural and health outcomes elsewhere in the world, but not comprehensively for Europe. We aimed to 1) develop a theory-based and evidence-informed Dutch walkability index, 2) examine its cross-sectional associations with total and purpose-specific walking behaviours of adults across socioeconomic (SES) and urbanisation strata, 3) explore which walkability components drive these associations.

Methods
Components of the index included: population density, retail and service density, land use mix, street connectivity, green space, sidewalk density and public transport density. Each of the seven components was calculated for three Euclidean buffers: 150 m, 500 m and 1000 m around every 6-digit postal code location and for every administrative neighbourhood in GIS. Componential z-scores were averaged, and final indices normalized between 0 and 100. Data on self-reported demographic characteristics and walking behaviours of 16,055 adult respondents (aged 18–65) were extracted from the Dutch National Travel Survey 2017. Using Tobit regression modelling adjusted for individual- and household-level confounders, we assessed the associations between walkability and minutes walking in total, for non-discretionary and discretionary purposes. By assessing the attenuation in associations between partial indices and walking outcomes, we identified which of the seven components drive these associations. We also tested for effect modification by urbanization degree, SES, age and sex.

Results
In fully adjusted models, a 10% increase in walkability was associated with a maximum increase of 8.5 min of total walking per day (95%CI: 7.1–9.9). This association was consistent across buffer sizes and purposes of walking. Public transport density was driving the index’s association with walking outcomes. Stratified results showed that associations with minutes of non-discretionary walking were stronger in rural compared to very urban areas, in neighbourhoods with low SES compared to high SES, and in middle-aged (36–49 years) compared to young (18–35 years old) and older adults (50–65 years old).

Conclusions
The walkability index was cross-sectionally associated with Dutch adult’s walking behaviours, indicating its validity for further use in research.
An RNA-sequencing transcriptome of the rodent Schwann cell response to peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Brosius Lutz Amanda , Lucas Tawaun A. , Carson Glenn A. , Caneda Christine , Zhou Lu , Barres Ben A. , Buckwalter Marion S. , Sloan Steven A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The important contribution of glia to mechanisms of injury and repair of the nervous system is increasingly recognized. In stark contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury. Schwann cells are recognized as key contributors to PNS regeneration, but the molecular underpinnings of the Schwann cell response to injury and how they interact with the inflammatory response remain incompletely understood.

Methods
We completed bulk RNA-sequencing of Schwann cells purified acutely using immunopanning from the naïve and injured rodent sciatic nerve at 3, 5, and 7 days post-injury. We used qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization to assess cell purity and probe dataset integrity. Finally, we used bioinformatic analysis to probe Schwann cell-specific injury-induced modulation of cellular pathways.

Results
Our data confirm Schwann cell purity and validate RNAseq dataset integrity. Bioinformatic analysis identifies discrete modules of genes that follow distinct patterns of regulation in the 1st days after injury and their corresponding molecular pathways. These findings enable improved differentiation of myeloid and glial components of neuroinflammation after peripheral nerve injury and highlight novel molecular aspects of the Schwann cell injury response such as acute downregulation of the AGE/RAGE pathway and of secreted molecules Sparcl1 and Sema5a.

Conclusions
We provide a helpful resource for further deciphering the Schwann cell injury response and a depth of transcriptional data that can complement the findings of recent single cell sequencing approaches. As more data become available on the response of CNS glia to injury, we anticipate that this dataset will provide a valuable platform for understanding key differences in the PNS and CNS glial responses to injury and for designing approaches to ameliorate CNS regeneration.
A fast extraction-free isothermal LAMP assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 with potential use in resource-limited settings
Authors: Gärtner Kathleen , Meleke Harry , Kamdolozi Mercy , Chaima David , Samikwa Lyson , Paynter Mary , Nyirenda Nyang’Wa Maggie , Cloutman-Green Elaine , Nastouli Eleni , Klein Nigel , Nyirenda Tonney , Msefula Chisomo , Alber Dagmar G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
To retain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, fast, sensitive and cost-effective testing is essential, particularly in resource limited settings (RLS). Current standard nucleic acid-based RT-PCR assays, although highly sensitive and specific, require transportation of samples to specialised laboratories, trained staff and expensive reagents. The latter are often not readily available in low- and middle-income countries and this may significantly impact on the successful disease management in these settings. Various studies have suggested a SARS-CoV-2 loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay as an alternative method to RT-PCR.

Methods
Four previously published primer pairs were used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the LAMP assay. To determine optimal conditions, different temperatures, sample input and incubation times were tested. Ninety-three extracted RNA samples from St. George's Hospital, London, 10 non-extracted nasopharyngeal swab samples from Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, and 92 non-extracted samples from Queen Elisabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi, which have previously been tested for SARS-Cov-2 by quantitative reverse-transcription RealTime PCR (qRT-PCR), were analysed in the LAMP assay.

Results
In this study we report the optimisation of an extraction-free colourimetric SARS-CoV-2 LAMP assay and demonstrated that a lower limit of detection (LOD) between 10 and 100 copies/µL of SARS-CoV-2 could be readily detected by a colour change of the reaction within as little as 30 min. We further show that this assay could be quickly established in Malawi, as no expensive equipment is necessary. We tested 92 clinical samples from QECH and showed the sensitivity and specificity of the assay to be 86.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Some viral transport media, used routinely to stabilise RNA in clinical samples during transportation, caused a non-specific colour-change in the LAMP reaction and therefore we suggest collecting samples in phosphate buffered saline (which did not affect the colour) as the assay allows immediate sample analysis on-site.

Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 LAMP is a cheap and reliable assay that can be readily employed in RLS to improve disease monitoring and management.
Determination of the energy expenditure, sources, and loss of water among young adults
Authors: Zhang Na , He Hairong , Zhang Jianfen , Ma Guansheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Few studies on measuring human energy expenditure with the doubly labeled water method has been conducted in China. The sources and loss of water among human body have never been systematically evaluated. Less data can be available for the development of the recommendation on energy expenditure and water intake. The objective of this study was to determine the energy expenditure, water sources, and loss among young adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 25 participants were recruited. Double-labeled water was used to determine their energy expenditure. Water loss through skin evaporation and respiration of the lungs and water sources from metabolic water were calculated using corresponding formula, respectively. Water loss through excretion of urine was recorded and evaluated using “3-day, 24-h, real-time urine excretion record” method. All urine samples were collected and weighed in the 3 days. Water loss through excretion of feces was evaluated using “3-day, 24-h, real-time fecal-excretion record” method. All fecal samples were collected and tested by the direct drying method. Water sources from fluid intake were recorded by “7-day, 24-h, real-time fluid intake record” method. Water intake from food was calculated and tested by the weighing method combined with the duplicate portion method and the direct drying method in the 3 days.

Results
The energy expenditure of males was 2187 kcal/d, and that of females was 1987 kcal/d. The median fluid intake, water intake from food, and metabolic water were 887, 1173 and 246 mL, respectively, which accounted for 38.8%, 50.3%, and 11.2% of total water sources. There was a gender difference in the percentage of metabolic water (Z = − 2.135, P = 0.033). The water loss through urine excretion, skin evaporation, respiration, and feces excretion was 1295, 172, 149 and 64 mL, respectively, which accounted for 76.5%, 10.3%, 9.5%, and 3.6% of the total water losses. Gender differences in the amount of water loss through respiration and skin evaporation were found (Z = − 4.125, P < 0.001; Z = − 3.723, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Energy expenditure of male was higher than that of female. The first major water sources was water intake from food in this study, and the first major water loss was urine excretion.
Trial registration The study was registered on the website of Chinese clinical trial registry, and the code of identification is ChiCTR1900028746.
Knowledge attitudes and practice of breastmilk expression and storage among working mothers with infants under six months of age in Kenya
Authors: Edemba Priscillah Wanini , Irimu Grace , Musoke Rachel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Expression and storage of breastmilk is a strategy that ensures continued breast milk consumption in the event of temporary separation of an infant from the mother. However, many studies show that working mothers are unable to exclusively breastfeed for six months successfully. Working mothers are forced to wean early because of minimal support at the workplace, lack of knowledge on breast milk expression and lack of storage facilities. The 2017 Kenya Health Act mandates employers to provide lactation rooms for facilitation of breast milk expression in support of the lactating mother. This study analyses the knowledge attitude and practice of breast milk expression among working women in Kenya.

Methods
This was a cross sectional study done between December 2018 and February 2019. Study participants were 395 working women with infants aged six months and below, attending well baby clinics in two large public hospitals in Nairobi Kenya. A structured questionnaire with open and closed ended questions was used to establish the knowledge and practice while a Likert scale was used to explore attitudes of the mothers towards expression and storage of breast milk.

Results
Overall satisfactory knowledge on breast milk expression and storage was attained by only 34% of working mothers. Eighty four percent positively agreed that expression and storage of breast milk would help them achieve six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Challenges experienced were breast pain and cumbersome nature of expressing milk. Only 41% (161) were expressing breast milk either regularly or occasionally. The most common reason (24.7%) for expressing milk was to enable someone else feed the baby when they were at work. Most mothers (77%) expressed at home as the workplace did not seem to provide adequate equipment to facilitate breastmilk expression and storage.

Conclusions
There is a substantial knowledge gap on expression and storage of breast milk. Working mothers have a good attitude towards attainment of exclusive breast milk feeding through expression of breast milk. The workplace does not have adequate facilities to support expression and storage of breast milk.
New neurons in old brains: implications of age in the analysis of neurogenesis in post-mortem tissue
Authors: Terstege Dylan J. , Addo-Osafo Kwaku , Campbell Teskey G. , Epp Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdult neurogenesis, the proliferation and integration of newly generated neurons, has been observed in the adult mammalian hippocampus of many species. Numerous studies have also found adult neurogenesis in the human hippocampus, but several recent high-profile studies have suggested that this process is considerably reduced in humans, occurring in children but not in adults. In comparison, rodent studies also show age-related decline but a greater degree of proliferation of new neurons in adult animals. These differences may represent biological species differences or could alternatively be explained by methodological differences in tissue handling and fixation. Here, we examine whether differences in the post-mortem interval between death and tissue fixation might impact subsequent detection of adult neurogenesis due to increased tissue degradation. Because there are fewer new neurons present in older subjects to begin with we hypothesized that, subject age might interact significantly with post-mortem interval in the detection of adult neurogenesis. We analyzed neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rats that were either perfusion-fixed or the brains extracted and immersion-fixed at various post-mortem intervals. We observed an interaction between animal age and the time delay between death and tissue fixation. While similar levels of neurogenesis were observed in young rats regardless of fixation, older rats had significantly fewer labeled neurons when fixation was not immediate. Furthermore, the morphological detail of the labeled neurons was significantly reduced in the delayed fixation conditions at all ages. This study highlights critical concerns that must be considered when using post-mortem tissue to quantify adult neurogenesis.
miR-600 promotes ovarian cancer cells stemness, proliferation and metastasis via targeting KLF9
Authors: Shan Lili , Song Pingping , Zhao Yangyang , An Na , Xia Yanqiu , Qi Yue , Zhao Hongyan , Ge Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed that miRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer; however, whether miR-600 is also involved remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigated the role of miR-600 in ovarian cancer progression. Here, miR-600 expression was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and stem cells. Functional studies showed that miR-600 promoted ovarian cancer cell stemness, proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that Kruppel like factor 9 (KLF9) was indicated as the target of miR-600. The luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-600 directly bound to the 3′-untranslated region of KLF9. Additionally, miR-600 expression was negatively associated with KLF9 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues. Si-KLF9 partially abolished the discrepancy of self-renewal, growth and metastasis capacity between miR-600 knockdown ovarian cancer cells and control cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-600 promotes ovarian cancer cell stemness, proliferation and metastasis via directly downregulating KLF9, and impairing miR-600 levels may be a new treatment strategy for ovarian cancer in the future.
Direct conversion of cellulose to l-lactic acid by a novel thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor strain
Authors: Svetlitchnyi Vitali A. , Svetlichnaya Tatiana P. , Falkenhan Doris A. , Swinnen Steve , Knopp Daniela , Läufer Albrecht 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass to l-lactic acid using thermophilic cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic bacteria provides a promising solution for efficient lignocellulose conversion without the need for additional cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes. Most studies on the mesophilic and thermophilic CBP of lignocellulose to lactic acid concentrate on cultivation of non-cellulolytic mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria at temperatures of 30–55 °C with external addition of cellulases/hemicellulases for saccharification of substrates.

Results
l-Lactic acid was generated by fermenting microcrystalline cellulose or lignocellulosic substrates with a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB 104C without adding externally produced cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes. Selection of this novel bacterium strain for lactic acid production is described as well as the adaptive evolution towards increasing the l-lactic acid concentration from 6 to 70 g/l on microcrystalline cellulose. The evolved strains grown on microcrystalline cellulose show a maximum lactic acid production rate of 1.0 g/l*h and a lactic acid ratio in the total organic fermentation products of 96 wt%. The enantiomeric purity of the l-lactic acid generated is 99.4%. In addition, the lactic acid production by these strains on several other types of cellulose and lignocellulosic feedstocks is also reported.

Conclusions
The evolved strains originating from Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB 104C were capable of producing unexpectedly large amounts of l-lactic acid from microcrystalline cellulose in fermenters. These strains produce l-lactic acid also from lignocellulosic feedstocks and thus represent an ideal starting point for development of a highly integrated commercial l-lactic acid production process from such feedstocks.