bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Evaluation of the Effect of Plunger Spring Stiffness On Opening and Closing Times of the Low-Pressure Gas-Phase Injector
Authors: SZPICA Dariusz , KUSZNIER Michał 
Published: June 2022

In the paper, an attempt was made to computationally demonstrate the effect of the plunger pressure stiffness on the opening and closing times of the low-pressure gas-phase injector as a filling of the research gap in this subject. Based on the presented mathematical model describing the operation of the injector, firstly the results were related to the manufacturer's technical data showing a shorter time to full opening by 2.77% and a longer time to full closing by 0.50%. On this basis, it was considered that the proposed model can be used for comparison purposes. In the assumed range of compression spring stiffness (100... 2000) N/m, it was shown that as the stiffness increases, the time to fully open decreases by 18.85%, while the time to fully closed decreases by 80.17%. Additionally, it is shown that the time-cross section as the stiffness of the compression spring increases can decrease up to 35.21% from the initial value. The obtained results can be useful in modeling the operation of an internal combustion engine or in the operational assessment of the gas injector condition.
Competence frameworks as orienteering tools
Authors: Bacigalupo Margherita 
Published: June 2022

This paper provides an overview of what European key competence frameworks are designed to do, how they are created and how they can be used for different lifelong learning purposes. It explains that they are built on multi-stakeholder consensus, which makes them well suited to provide a common language for all actors that are interested in transversal competences. The paper also highlights that competence frameworks are not binding, and users are not expected to comply with them, but rather to use them flexibly, to unbundle them and to re-bundle them to achieve their own goals.
Este artículo proporciona una descripción general de para qué están diseñados los marcos europeos para las competencias clave, cómo se han creado y cómo se pueden utilizar para diferentes propósitos en el mundo del aprendizaje permanente. Explica que los marcos se basan en el consenso de múltiples partes interesadas, lo que los hace muy adecuados para proporcionar un lenguaje común para todo actor interesado en las competencias transversales. El artículo también destaca que los marcos de competencias no son vinculantes, y no se espera que los usuarios los cumplan, sino que los utilicen con flexibilidad, para desagregarlos y reagruparlos para lograr sus propios objetivos.
Citizens' Knowledge and Attitudes about Conventional and E-cigarettes: The Role of Health Care Professionals
Authors: Bakalis Nick , Zisis Chris , Tzenalis Anastasios , Albani Eleni , Kyrzopoulou Kleopatra , Papandrea Matteo , Filiotis Nikolaos 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: It is true that the comparison of conventional and electronic cigarettes is a topic that has been discussed a lot and concerns both citizens and health professionals worldwide. The rates of smokers in Greece are high in combination with the fact that smokers are more likely to get seriously ill from covid-19, it was the reason to investigate this topic.
Aims: To investigate the citizens knowledge and attitude about the electronic and conventional cigarette.
Study Design: It was a comparative descriptive research.
Place and Duration of Study: The questionnaires were given to citizens who lived in the prefecture of Achaia (one of the largest prefectures in Greece). The present survey was conducted between March and May 2020.
Methodology: A questionnaire was developed with 28 questions. The Chronbach alpha reliability was .75. The sample consisted of 681 citizens. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25 program.
Results: The majority of citizens had very good knowledge (57.6%) while 20.3% had good knowledge. Most citizens were non-smoker (64.3%), they did not use electronic cigarette (91%) but they did try in the past (52.3%). Regarding electronic cigarette, they believe that it was not replaced the conventional, was not helpful for quit smoking and it was harmful as much as the conventional one. Finally, the cheaper price of e-cigarette contributes to its choice. Age, permanent residence and educational level significantly correlated with knowledge score (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The majority of citizens were non-smokers while the conventional cigarette is still the first preference of the citizens. Although citizens' knowledge of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes was very good, it is necessary for health professionals to enrich their knowledge and inform citizens efficiently about smoking.
Antimicrobial Activity and In silico ADME Prediction of Synthesised 8-hydroxyquinoline Azo Compounds against Some ESKAPE Human Pathogens and Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Amengor Cedric D. K. , Gyan Patrick , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Peprah Paul , Harley Benjamin K. , Orman Emmanuel , Ben Inemisit O. , Tetteh Michael , Adusei Emmanuel B. A. , Kekessie Francis K. , Okine Nathaniel N. A. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance has increasingly been a global health concern over the past decades and that has necessitated the quest to increase the pool of antibiotics.
Methods: Five (5) azo compounds were synthesised by diazotization and coupling procedures with yields of 60 – 92%. They were characterized by melting point determination, Ultra-Violet Visible, and Infra-red spectroscopy. High-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) antimicrobial assay was used to evaluate the compounds. Computational studies was also employed to predict some pharmacokinetic properties of the azo compounds
Results: From the in silico studies, none of the compounds violated Lipinski’s rule and therefore, have the potential to be developed into an oral drug. They also showed Total Polar Surface Area (TPSA) values < 140 A2 (74.91 – 100.98 A2) and percentage absorption of 74 – 83 %. They were placed in category III of acute oral drugs. From the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition antimicrobial assay, all the compounds possessed inhibitory activity against the ESKAPE human pathogens and Mycobacterium smegmatis, with MICs range of 3.9 \(\geq\) 500 \(\mu g/mL\). Except for 4e which showed liver toxicity, all the compounds demonstrated mutagenic and hepatotoxic tendencies. The modulatory assay of the azo compounds revealed that 4c and 4e modulated the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. 4c and 4e also modulated the antimicrobial activity of rifampicin against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Exploiting the ability of 4c and 4e to act by a mode of action revealed that they have biofilm formation inhibitory potential.
Conclusion: Compounds 4c and 4e exhibited the best antimicrobial activity in terms of resistant modulation and biofilm inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Association of Ultraviolet B Radiation and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women in the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Barbhaiya Medha , Hart Jaime E. , Malspeis Susan , Tedeschi Sara K. , VoPham Trang , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Laden Francine , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveUltraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is associated with photosensitivity, rashes, and flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not known whether UV exposure increases risk of developing SLE. We examined UV exposure and SLE risk in a large prospective cohort.MethodsThe Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) enrolled 121,700 US female nurses in 1976; in 1989, 116,429 nurses were enrolled in NHS II. Biennial questionnaires collected lifestyle and medical data. Self‐reported incident SLE by American College of Rheumatology classification criteria was confirmed by medical record review. Ambient UV exposure was estimated by linking geocoded residential addresses with a spatiotemporal UV exposure model. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) across tertiles of time‐varying cumulative average UV. We examined SLE risk overall and stratified by anti‐Ro/La antibodies and by cutaneous manifestations from 1976 through 2014 (NHS)/2015 (NHS II), adjusting for confounders.ResultsWith 6,054,665 person‐years of exposure, we identified 297 incident SLE cases; the mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 49.8 ± 10.6 years. At diagnosis, 16.8% of women had +anti‐Ro/La, and 80% had either +anti‐Ro/La or ≥1 cutaneous manifestation. Compared with the lowest UV exposure tertile, risk of overall SLE was increased, but not significantly (HR 1.28 [95%CI 0.96–1.70]). Women in the highest tertile had increased risk of malar rash (HR 1.62 [95% CI 1.04–2.52]).ConclusionCumulative UV exposure was not associated with SLE risk. Higher UV exposure, however, was associated with increased risk of malar rash at presentation. UV exposure may trigger SLE onset with malar rash among susceptible women.
Deep‐Learning‐Enabled Crack Detection and Analysis in Commercial Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Fu Tianyu , Monaco Federico , Li Jizhou , Zhang Kai , Yuan Qingxi , Cloetens Peter , Pianetta Piero , Liu Yijin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Li‐ion batteries, the mechanical degradation initiated by micro cracks is one of the bottlenecks for enhancing the performance. Quantifying the crack formation and evolution in complex composite electrodes can provide important insights into electrochemical behaviors under prolonged and/or aggressive cycling. However, observation and interpretation of the complicated crack patterns in battery electrodes through imaging experiments are often time‐consuming, labor intensive, and subjective. Herein, a deep learning‐based approach is developed to extract the crack patterns from nanoscale hard X‐ray holo‐tomography data of a commercial 18650‐type battery cathode. Efficient and effective quantification of the damage heterogeneity with automation and statistical significance is demonstrated. The crack characteristics are further associated with the active particles’ packing densities and a potentially viable architectural design is discussed for suppressing the structural degradation in an industry‐relevant battery configuration.
Thermal Shock Fabrication of Ion‐Stabilized Perovskite and Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Yifei , Wang Anran , Li Rong , Song Yilong , Wang Xinjiang , Li Hanming , Xu Weiqing , Zhang Lijun , Dong Qingfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA highly crystalline tempered‐glass‐like perovskite grain structure with compressed surface lattice realized by a thermal‐shocking fabrication is shown. The strained perovskite grain structure is stabilized by Cl−‐reinforcing surface lattice and shows enhanced bonding energy and ionic activation temperature, which contributes to hysteresis‐free operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at much higher temperature up to 363 K in thermal‐shocking‐processed MAPbClxI3−x (T‐MPI). The PSCs can be fabricated by a high‐speed fully air process without post‐annealing based on the scalable bar‐coating technique. Both high efficiency and stability are achieved in T‐MPI PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 22.99% and long‐term operational stability with T80 lifetime exceeding 4000 h.
Enhancing the Energy‐Storage Density and Breakdown Strength in PbZrO3/Pb0.9La0.1Zr0.52Ti0.48O3‐Derived Antiferroelectric/Relaxor‐Ferroelectric Multilayers
Authors: Nguyen Minh D. , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Houwman Evert P. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultilayer thin‐film dielectric capacitors with high energy‐storage performance and fast charge/discharge speed have significantly affected the development of miniaturized pulsed‐power devices. Here, the interfacial strain in epitaxial multilayers of antiferroelectric PbZrO3 and relaxor‐ferroelectric Pb0.9La0.1Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 is shown to significantly enhance the maximum polarization of the multilayer thin‐film capacitors, beyond that of the composing individual layers. Insights obtained from atomically resolved energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analysis of the interface and domain structure are used to develop phenomenological models that explain the observed trends in breakdown strength and energy‐storage density as a function of multilayer period number. The underlying mechanism is the mechanical coupling between the layers that depends on the individual layer thicknesses. These factors result in a strongly enhanced recoverable energy‐storage density (increased by a factor of 4 to ≈128.4 J cm−3) with high efficiency (≈81.2%). Moreover, the multilayer films show almost fatigue‐free energy‐storage performance after 1010 switching cycles, even at elevated temperatures up to 220 °C, demonstrating their robustness. The outstanding properties show the great potential of epitaxial multilayers for energy‐storage applications, due to the well‐defined separate layers and coupling of properties across the interfaces, not present in ceramic composites.
Sugarbeet response to interactions between fall‐seeded cover crop and fertilizer nitrogen application time
Authors: Chatterjee Amitava 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmong many other ecosystem services, cover crops have potential to protect soil and nutrient loss from erosion. However, cover crop residues can alter nitrogen (N) dynamics and affect fertilizer N availability. Response of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were studied for two fall‐seeded cover crops, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), and three fertilizer N treatments (fall and spring applications of 100% of recommended N, and 50% split in between fall and spring), in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Cover crop species and fertilizer N application time significantly influenced sugarbeet canopy reflectance, soil inorganic N, and cover crop biomass production; however, they did not affect root yield and sugar concentration. Sugarbeet grown without a cover crop had higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference red edge (NDRE) than sugarbeet grown after fall‐seeded rye. Fall N application had higher NDVI and NDRE than spring N application for most of the growing season. Cereal rye produced 15% higher biomass than winter wheat. Adoption of rye as a cover crop in sugarbeet might be possible without any adverse effect on sugarbeet production.
Fermentative profile and nutritional composition of sugarcane silages associated with different levels of moringa hay
Authors: Reis Lucas Oliveira , Gois Glayciane Costa , Felix Wagner Pereira , Araújo Cleildes Ferreira , dos Santos Nunes Timóteo Silva , Bezerra Higor Fábio Carvalho , Ramos Ery Jonhons Nascimento , Rodrigues Arquinor Conceição , da Penha Leilta Gonçalves , Almeida Bruno Augusto de Souza , Filho Pedro Alves Ferreira , de Leal de Araújo Gherman Garcia , Menezes Daniel Ribeiro , Queiroz Mário Adriano Àvila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the fermentative profile and nutritional composition of sugarcane silages associated with different levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) hay (0, 10, 20, and 30% on dry matter basis). A completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments and five repetitions, totaling 20 experimental silos that were opened after 60 d of ensiling. The increase in the levels of the moringa hay provided a linear reduction in the density (P = .0001) and butyric acid (P = .0001) and a linear increase in pH (P = .0001), Ca (P < .0001), Mg (P < .0001), and S (P < .0001) in sugarcane silages. Quadratic effect was observed for fermentative losses (P < .05), dry matter recovery (P = .0001), lactic acid (P = .0141), acetic acid (P = .0001), propionic acid (P = .0001), and ethanol production (P = .0001). Quadratic effect was verified for the chemical composition of the silages (P < .05) and for the contents of K (P < .0012), P (P < .0001), Mn (P < .0001), Na (P < .0001), Cu (P < .0003), Fe (P < .0001), and Zn (P < .0001). The inclusion of 30% of moringa hay in the sugarcane silage reduced fermentative losses and ethanol production and provided an increase in the levels of minerals, protein, and energy of the silages.
A high‐throughput chaotic advection microreactor for preparation of uniform and aggregated barium sulfate nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Hua , Wei Shi‐Xiao , Chen Han , Chen Lang , Au Chak‐Tong , Xie Ting‐Liang , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA high‐throughput (105.5 g/h) passive four‐stage asymmetric oscillating feedback microreactor using chaotic mixing mechanism was developed to prepare aggregated Barium sulfate (BaSO4) particles of high primary nanoparticle size uniformity. Three‐dimensional unsteady simulations showed that chaotic mixing could be induced by three unique secondary flows (i.e., vortex, recirculation, and oscillation), and the fluid oscillation mechanism was examined in detail. Simulations and Villermaux–Dushman experiments indicate that almost complete mixing down to molecular level can be achieved and the prepared BaSO4 nanoparticles were with narrow primary particle size distribution (PSD) having geometric standard deviation, σg, less than 1.43 when the total volumetric flow rate Qtotal was larger than 10 ml/min. By selecting Qtotal and reactant concentrations, average primary particle size can be controlled from 23 to 109 nm as determined by microscopy. An average size of 26 nm with narrow primary PSD (σg = 1.22) could be achieved at Qtotal of 160 ml/min.
Functional characterization of the schizophrenia associated gene AS3MT identifies a role in neuronal development
Authors: Washer Sam J. , Flynn Robert , Oguro‐Ando Asami , Hannon Eilis , Burrage Joe , Jeffries Aaron , Mill Jonathan , Dempster Emma L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genomic regions associated with schizophrenia, although many variants reside in noncoding regions characterized by high linkage disequilibrium (LD) making the elucidation of molecular mechanisms challenging. A genomic region on chromosome 10q24 has been consistently associated with schizophrenia with risk attributed to the AS3MT gene. Although AS3MT is hypothesized to play a role in neuronal development and differentiation, work to fully understand the function of this gene has been limited. In this study we explored the function of AS3MT using a neuronal cell line (SH‐SY5Y). We confirm previous findings of isoform specific expression of AS3MT during SH‐SY5Y differentiation toward neuronal fates. Using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing we generated AS3MT knockout SH‐SY5Y cell lines and used RNA‐seq to identify significant changes in gene expression in pathways associated with neuronal development, inflammation, extracellular matrix formation, and RNA processing, including dysregulation of other genes strongly implicated in schizophrenia. We did not observe any morphological changes in cell size and neurite length following neuronal differentiation and MAP2 immunocytochemistry. These results provide novel insights into the potential role of AS3MT in brain development and identify pathways through which genetic variation in this region may confer risk for schizophrenia.
Chemistry of (E)‐2‐(2,4‐Dioxochroman‐3‐ylidene)‐2‐phenylacetonitrile: Access to Biscoumarin‐Fused Trioxabicycles
Authors: Yang Ya‐Hsu , Iddum Satyanarayana , Yang Ding‐Yah , Liou Teau‐Jiuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of biscoumarin‐fused 2,6,9‐trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona‐3,7‐dienes were synthesized from base‐mediated coupling of 4‐hydroxycoumarins with benzoyl cyanides and followed by treating with pyridine and thionyl chloride. The mechanism of this reaction was proposed to involve the formation of (E)‐2‐(2,4‐dioxochroman‐3‐ylidene)‐2‐phenylacetonitrile as a key intermediate, which could further react with 2‐(2,4‐dioxochroman‐3‐yl)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylacetonitrile to yield biscoumarin‐fused trioxabicycles.
DNA‐Programmable AgAuS‐Primed Conductive Nanowelding Wires‐Up Wet Colloids
Authors: Lei Pengcheng , Li Yanjuan , Song Xiaojun , Hao Yan , Deng Zhaoxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembly of nanomaterials, directed by molecular or supramolecular interactions, is a powerful strategy to build nanoscale devices. Despite many advantages of such solution‐based processes, a big challenge is to realize interparticle ohmic contacts toward facilitated charge transport over a long distance. We report a new concept of primed nanowelding to thread solution‐borne nanoparticles in prescribed assemblies. The process starts with a gap‐specific deposition of Ag2E (E=S, Se) materials in pre‐assembled gold structures, which spontaneously transform into AgAuE semiconductors via directional gold diffusion. Treatment with tributylphosphine generates alloyed Au/Ag welding spots that conductively wire‐up nanoparticles into discrete “molecules” and micron‐long “polymers”. This method is compatible with DNA programming and delivers a possible way to solve the problem of the carrier‐transport dilemma in solution‐processed nanostructures for better‐functioning nanodevices.
A Nanopore‐Based Saccharide Sensor
Authors: Zhang Shanyu , Cao Zhenyuan , Fan Pingping , Wang Yuqin , Jia Wendong , Wang Liying , Wang Kefan , Liu Yao , Du Xiaoyu , Hu Chengzhen , Zhang Panke , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Huang Shuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSaccharides play critical roles in many forms of cellular activities. Saccharide structures are however complicated and similar, setting a technical hurdle for direct identification. Nanopores, which are emerging single molecule tools sensitive to minor structural differences between analytes, can be engineered to identity saccharides. A hetero‐octamericMycobacterium smegmatisporin A nanopore containing a phenylboronic acid was prepared, and was able to clearly identify nine monosaccharide types, including D‐fructose, D‐galactose, D‐mannose, D‐glucose, L‐sorbose, D‐ribose, D‐xylose, L‐rhamnose and N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine. Minor structural differences between saccharide epimers can also be distinguished. To assist automatic event classification, a machine learning algorithm was developed, with which a general accuracy score of 0.96 was achieved. This sensing strategy is generally suitable for other saccharide types and may bring new insights to nanopore saccharide sequencing.
The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor
Authors: Kathan Michael , Crespi Stefano , Troncossi Axel , Stindt Charlotte N. , Toyoda Ryojun , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn artificial small‐molecule machines, molecular motors can be used to perform work on coupled systems by applying a mechanical load—such as strain—that allows for energy transduction. Here, we report how ring strain influences the rotation of a rotary molecular motor. Bridging the two halves of the motor with alkyl tethers of varying sizes yields macrocycles that constrain the motor's movement. Increasing the ring size by two methylene increments increases the mobility of the motor stepwise and allows for fine‐tuning of strain in the system. Small macrocycles (8–14 methylene units) only undergo a photochemicalE/Zisomerization. Larger macrocycles (16–22 methylene units) can perform a full rotational cycle, but thermal helix inversion is strongly dependent on the ring size. This study provides systematic and quantitative insight into the behavior of molecular motors under a mechanical load, paving the way for the development of complex coupled nanomachinery.