bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmer participatory assessment of soil health from Conservation Agriculture adoption in three regions of East Africa
Authors: Entz Martin H. , Stainsby April , Riekman Marla , Mulaire Theresa Rempel , Kirima John Kimathi , Beriso Frew , Ngotio Deogratias , Salomons Michael , Nicksy Jess , Mutinda Mueni , Stanley Katherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe challenges of soil degradation and low crop yield are being addressed in East Africa using a number of soil health-promoting farming systems including Conservation Agriculture (CA). CA is based on principles of minimal soil disturbance, continuous soil cover, and crop diversity, though implementation on farms may vary due to local circumstances. This study evaluated the effect of CA, as practiced by farmers, and compared farmer descriptions of soil health with scientific measures. CA and non-CA fields were compared in regions of Ethiopia (23 farms), Kenya (23 farms), and Tanzania (13 farms) with most fields repeatedly sampled for 2 to 3 years. CA and non-CA fields were located within meters, on soils with the same texture, growing similar crops. CA systems used precision planting, mostly with basins. Soil parameters were assessed using a participatory approach where farmers and field technicians collected data. CA practices improved qualitative soil characteristics as sensed by farmers (e.g., hoe-ability, crusting, smell, water infiltration), and this positive response was consistent across most fields. For qualitative data, the logarithm of the odds ratio estimates method was used to test the probability that CA would provide soil improvement. Fields under the CA treatment had a higher probability of rating better than non-CA fields. Quantitative measurements of pH and microbial respiration validated farmer assessments. CA-managed soils were weakly associated with darker colour, indicating higher soil organic matter. Sandy soils did not appear to improve with CA as dramatically as clay and loam soils, suggesting different CA strategies may be required. We discuss both benefits and drawbacks of this type of participatory, on-farm research. We conclude that farmer participation as citizen scientists will advance soil restoration in East Africa and increase the potential for farmer-to-farmer knowledge exchange of soil-improving practices.
Urologie en mannen die seks hebben met mannen
Authors: Koëter Ingrid W. , Vermue Joost M. , Dielissen Patrick W. 
Published: September 2022

SamenvattingMannen die seks hebben met mannen (MSM) vormen een zeer diverse groep; op een aantal punten verschilt het seksuele gedrag van het seksuele gedrag van de normatieve heteroseksuele man. Het is voor de uroloog belangrijk kennis te hebben van seksualiteit en de gevolgen daarvan bij urologische ziekten, die op een aantal fronten anders zijn. Dit artikel beschrijft accentverschillen in seksuele beleving van MSM. Het geeft een overzicht van verschillende urologische diagnosen en problemen, waaronder erectie- en ejaculatiestoornissen, prostaatproblemen, hypogonadisme en urologische behandelingen, met hun relatie tot die seksuele beleving. Urogenitale maligniteiten zoals blaas-, prostaat-, penis- en testiscarcinomen komen vaker voor bij hiv. Chemseks (seks onder invloed van drugs) verhoogt het risico op urologische problemen en op soa, door vaker onveilige (ruwere) seks en meerdere sekspartners waarmee chemseks gepaard gaat. Meer kennis en een open gesprek over MSM zal leiden tot meer kennis en acceptatie van de seksuele gevolgen van urologische problemen en behandelingen bij MSM.
Protective effect of plant compounds in pesticides toxicity
Authors: Jabłońska – Trypuć Agata , Wiater Józefa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The relationship between pesticide exposure and the occurrence of many chronic diseases, including cancer, is confirmed by literature data.

Methods
In this review, through the analysis of more than 70 papers, we explore an increase in oxidative stress level caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of plant-origin antioxidants.

Results and discussion
One of the molecular mechanisms, by which pesticides affect living organisms is the induction of oxidative stress. However, recently many plant-based dietary ingredients with antioxidant properties have been considered as a chemopreventive substances due to their ability to remove free radicals. Such a food component must meet several conditions: eliminate free radicals, be easily absorbed and function at an appropriate physiological level. Its main function is to maintain the redox balance and minimize the cellular damage caused by ROS. Therefore, it should be active in aqueous solutions and membrane domains. These properties are characteristic for phenolic compounds and selected plant hormones. Phenolic compounds have proven antioxidant properties, while increasing number of compounds from the group of plant hormones with a very diverse chemical structure turn out to act as antioxidants, being potential food ingredients that can eliminate negative effects of pesticides.
FraxForFuture—research on European ash dieback in Germany
Authors: Langer Gitta Jutta , Fuchs Sebastian , Osewold Johannes , Peters Sandra , Schrewe Falk , Ridley Maia , Kätzel Ralf , Bubner Ben , Grüner Jörg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEuropean ash dieback caused by the alien, invasive ascomycete species Hymenoscyphus fraxineus currently represents, along with its side effects, the greatest threat to common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees in Europe. The disease is widely distributed in Germany and present in all regions where common ash is growing. In order to study European ash dieback in Germany and to develop management strategies to conserve common ash as a forest tree species, the concerted, interdisciplinary research project FraxForFuture was initiated. FraxForFuture consist of an association of five sub-networks: FraxConnect, FraxMon, FraxGen, FraxPath, and FraxSilva. In total, 27 individual projects conduct research on the epidemiology of the disease, the pathogen and the preservation of ash, including various control, breeding, and silvicultural strategies. The main goals of the FraxForFuture network and the sub-networks as well as essential information about the network of common research plots are provided.
Construction of homozygous diploid potato through maternal haploid induction
Authors: Zhang Jinzhe , Yin Jian , Luo Jiayi , Tang Die , Zhu Xijian , Wang Jie , Liu Zhihong , Wang Pei , Zhong Yu , Liu Chenxu , Li Canhui , Chen Shaojiang , Huang Sanwen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReinventing the tetraploid potato into a seed-propagated, diploid, hybrid potato would significantly accelerate potato breeding. In this regard, the development of highly homozygous inbred lines is a prerequisite for breeding hybrid potatoes, but self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression present challenges for developing pure inbred lines. To resolve this impediment, we developed a doubled haploid (DH) technology, based on mutagenesis of the potato DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 679 membrane protein (StDMP) gene. Here, we show that a deficiency in StDMP allows the generation of maternal haploids for generating diploid potato lines. An exercisable protocol, involving hybridization, fluorescent marker screening, molecular and flow cytometric identification, and doubling with colchicine generates nearly 100% homozygous diploid potato lines. This dmp-triggered haploid induction (HI) system greatly shortens the breeding process and offers a robust method for generating diploid potato inbred lines with high purity.
Synergistic experimental investigation of the nano-ceramic cover sheet on the PV module performance
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to the accumulation of the heat on surface of the photovoltaic collector as well as the module’s components, the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) module is influenced by the increase of temperature in particular at high load (high voltage). Therefore, the efficiency and the current output decrease dramatically, and the full performance of the module tends to be zero in these conditions. In the present work, an experimental comparison between a controlled active water-cooling system and nano-ceramic cover sheet system is performed to get the best performance in high load. Water-cooling system is designed to minimize this effect of the high temperature and dust on the photovoltaic module. In addition, the nano-ceramic cover sheet is installed on the module to reduce the infrared permeability. Furthermore, Experiments were performed on the plain module without active cooling or nano-ceramic cover. After the experimental comparison, the results indicated that the controlled active water-cooling system is extremely improve the performance on the contrary the nano-ceramic cover sheet system which reduces the performance.
Robotic assisted cholecystectomy – A retrospective cohort study of experience of 106 first robotic cholecystectomies in versius robotic platform
Authors: Khanna Subhash , Barua Areendam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently the standard of care for symptomatic cholelithiasis as well as for chronic and acute cholecystitis. The incidence of bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still higher than that in open surgery. Surgical robots aim to bridge this gap. With the greater availability of surgical robots and cheaper alternatives to the Da Vinci system, surgeons can take advantage of the better manoeuvrability and better vision that a surgical robot offers. This is likely to make robotic assisted cholecystectomy a very safe option. Here, we present our early data on the robotic procedures performed by the Versius robotic system by CMR (Cambridge Medical Robotics).

Methods
It is a retrospective study, with data collected from our prospectively maintained database at Swagat Super Speciality Surgical Institute and NH, maintained collectively by CMR and our surgical residents. The first consecutive 106 planned robotic cholecystectomies that were performed by a single surgeon were included in the study.

Results
Out of 106 serial planned robotic assisted cholecystectomies (101 robotic assisted cholecystectomies + 5 combined with other procedures), no bile duct injury was reported, with a mean console time of 54.16 min and a mean setup time of 9.29 min. One procedure had to be converted to open for malignancy, and another patient had to be converted to laparoscopy due to dense adhesions with the duodenum. Three chronic liver disease (CLD) patients underwent partial cholecystectomy. A total of 70.75% of patients had no pain – visual analogy scale (VAS) pain score of 0 at POD 1 with minimal blood loss in most of the procedures. No learning curve for robotic assisted cholecystectomy was seen.

Conclusion
Although robotic assisted cholecystectomy was mostly chosen for patients in whom difficult cholecystectomy was clinically anticipated, it fared quite well. The learning curve was essentially non-existent. Robotic assisted cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible option in both simple and difficult cases of gallbladder disease.

Highlights
Beyond Chronology, Using Bayesian Inference to Evaluate Hypotheses in Archaeology
Authors: Otárola-Castillo Erik R. , Torquato Melissa G. , Wolfhagen Jesse , Hill Matthew E. , Buck Caitlin E. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTArchaeologists frequently use probability distributions and null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) to assess how well survey, excavation, or experimental data align with their hypotheses about the past. Bayesian inference is increasingly used as an alternative to NHST and, in archaeology, is most commonly applied to radiocarbon date estimation and chronology building. This article demonstrates that Bayesian statistics has broader applications. It begins by contrasting NHST and Bayesian statistical frameworks, before introducing and applying Bayes's theorem. In order to guide the reader through an elementary step-by-step Bayesian analysis, this article uses a fictional archaeological faunal assemblage from a single site. The fictional example is then expanded to demonstrate how Bayesian analyses can be applied to data with a range of properties, formally incorporating expert prior knowledge into the hypothesis evaluation process.
Real-time thermoacoustic data assimilation
Authors: Nóvoa A. , Magri L. 
Published: September 2022

Low-order thermoacoustic models are qualitatively correct, but typically, they are quantitatively inaccurate. We propose a time-domain bias-aware method to make qualitatively low-order models quantitatively (more) accurate. First, we develop a Bayesian ensemble data assimilation method for a low-order model to self-adapt and self-correct any time that reference data become available. Second, we apply the methodology to infer the thermoacoustic states and heat-release parameters on the fly without storing data (real time). We perform twin experiments using synthetic acoustic pressure measurements to analyse the performance of data assimilation in all nonlinear thermoacoustic regimes, from limit cycles to chaos, and interpret the results physically. Third, we propose practical rules for thermoacoustic data assimilation. An increase, reject, inflate strategy is proposed to deal with the rich nonlinear behaviour; and physical time scales for assimilation are proposed in non-chaotic regimes (with the Nyquist–Shannon criterion) and in chaotic regimes (with the Lyapunov time). Fourth, we perform data assimilation using data from a higher-fidelity model. We introduce an echo state network to estimate in real time the forecast bias, which is the model error of the low-fidelity model. We show that: (i) the correct acoustic pressure, parameters, and model bias can be inferred accurately; (ii) the learning is robust as it can tackle large uncertainties in the observations (up to 50 % of the mean values); (iii) the uncertainty of the prediction and parameters is naturally part of the output; and (iv) both the time-accurate solution and statistics can be inferred successfully. Data assimilation opens up new possibility for real-time prediction of thermoacoustics by combining physical knowledge and experimental data synergistically.
ON THE WARING–GOLDBACH PROBLEM FOR ONE SQUARE, FOUR CUBES AND ONE BIQUADRATE
Authors: LI JINJIANG , XUE FEI , ZHANG MIN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet N be a sufficiently large integer. We prove that, with at most
$O(N^{23/48+\varepsilon })$
exceptions, all even positive integers up to N can be represented in the form
$p_1^2+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^3+p_6^4$
, where
$p_1,p_2,p_3,p_4,p_5,p_6$
are prime numbers.
HANKEL MEASURES FOR FOCK SPACE
Authors: WANG ERMIN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInspired by Xiao’s work on Hankel measures for Hardy and Bergman spaces [‘Pseudo-Carleson measures for weighted Bergman spaces’. Michigan Math. J.47 (2000), 447–452], we introduce Hankel measures for Fock space
$F^p_\alpha $
. Given
$p\ge 1$
, we obtain several equivalent descriptions for such measures on
$F^p_\alpha $
.
Negative human–crocodile interactions in Kariba, Zimbabwe: data to support potential mitigation strategies
Authors: Matanzima Joshua , Marowa Ivan , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInteractions between people and wild animals often result in negative impacts, and different views on the management of such interactions can lead to conflicts. Both intentional and unintentional negative human–wildlife interactions are increasing problems in many places where people share space with wild animals. Here we focus on negative interactions between people and Nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus in and around Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe. In the study area, crocodile attacks on people occur frequently, leading to people being injured or killed, which in turn prompts retaliatory actions against crocodiles. However, despite the negative impact of such interactions on both people and crocodiles, little is known about the spatio-temporal patterns of crocodile attacks or environmental conditions under which attacks occur. We collected information about crocodile attacks on people that occurred during 2000–2020, including the date, time, season and location of attacks, the age of victims and the activities they were carrying out when attacks occurred, and water conditions during attacks. We analysed these data to discern patterns and trends of crocodile attacks on people. Attacks occurred in clear as well as turbid water, and nearly half of all reported attacks were at night or in the early morning. The locations with the highest number of recorded attacks were Nyanyana and Charara lakeside, and the fewest attacks occurred at Andora harbour. Most victims were 26–40 years old, and most were attacked in the dry-hot season, while they were fishing. Our findings can be used to design area-specific mitigation strategies to reduce negative human–crocodile interactions.
Translation as discrimination: Sociolinguistics and inequality in multilingual institutional contexts
Authors: Angermeyer Philipp Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSociolinguistic approaches to social justice tend to treat the use of interpreters or translators as a remedy to linguistic inequality in multilingual institutional settings. This article challenges this assumption by showing how translation can instead contribute to inequality and discrimination. Drawing on studies of face-to-face interpreting in judicial contexts and of written translation in linguistic landscapes, it explores inequalities found in habitual practices of professional interpreters and in the use of machine translation. It shows how language ideologies about multilingualism motivate translation practices that systematically restrict the participation of speakers of subordinated languages, or that stereotype them as deviant when addressed solely by prohibitions and warnings, a practice I call ‘punitive multilingualism’. The article thus argues that sociolinguistic studies of multilingualism should pay closer attention to translation practices within a wider context of language contact and in relation to phenomena such as translanguaging, mock languages, or language shift. (Translation, interpreting, justice, linguistic landscape, discrimination)*
Application of elliptic integrals in marine navigation
Authors: Petrović Miljenko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIf the Earth's oblateness is neglected in marine navigation, then the sphere gives a relatively simple solution for course and distance between any two points. The navigation sphere where a span of one minute of arc is equal to nautical mile is used. The primary deficiency of this approach is the lack of a closed-form formula that takes the Earth's eccentricity into account. Considering the Earth as an oblate spheroid, i.e., a rotational ellipsoid with a small flattening, the problem of computing the length of the meridian arc leads to the understanding of elliptic integrals. In this paper, incomplete elliptic integrals of the first, second and third kind are used to find an arbitrary elliptical arc. The results prove an advantage of using geocentric latitude compared to geodetic and reduced latitude.
Boar semen cryopreserved with trehalose-containing liposomes: disaccharide determination and rheological behaviour
Authors: Mendoza-Viveros Claudia Denisse , Gutiérrez-Pérez Oscar , Bernad-Bernad María Josefa , Medina-Torres Luis , Monroy-Barreto Minerva , Gimeno Miquel , Trujillo-Ortega María Elena 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to detect intracellular trehalose in boar sperm that were cryopreserved with liposomes and conduct an analysis of its effects on some characteristics of thawed sperm, including rheological properties. First, soybean lecithin cholesterol-based liposomes were produced and characterized in the presence of 300 mM trehalose. Next, semen samples were frozen in two freezing media: a control medium with 300 mM trehalose and an experimental medium supplemented with 300 mM trehalose and 10% liposomes, both of which were thawed and then studied to ascertain their integrity, motility, rheological response, and trehalose quantities by testing two methods of spermatic lysis via high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). The results found spherical liposomes measuring 357 nm that were relatively stable in an aqueous medium and had an entrapment efficiency of 73%. An analysis of the cryopreserved ejaculates showed that their viability and motility did not significantly differ between groups (P > 0.05). The viscous response of the samples was influenced by the extracellular medium rather than by the freezing–thawing process, which resulted in a loss of interaction between the cells and cryoprotectants. Finally, intracellular trehalose levels were determined using HPLC-ELSD, with no differences observed (P > 0.05) when comparing both sperm lysis methods. The use of liposomes with trehalose appears to be a promising option for boar semen cryopreservation, with a marked effect on rheological properties. The proposed HPLC-ELSD method was effective for measuring trehalose in cryopreserved cell samples.
Dynamic and aberrant patterns of H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 during early zygotic genome activation in cloned mouse embryos
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Cui Jing , Wang Weiguo , Li Mingyang , Wang Zhisong , Presicce Giorgio Antonio , Tian Xiuchun (Cindy) , An Liyou , Du Fuliang 
Published: September 2022

SummarySomatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) is associated with aberrant changes in epigenetic reprogramming that impede the development of embryos, particularly during zygotic genome activation. Here, we characterized epigenetic patterns of H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 in mouse NT embryos up to the second cell cycle (i.e. four-celled stage) during zygotic genome activation. In vivo fertilized and parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos served as controls. In fertilized embryos, maternal and paternal pronuclei exhibited asymmetric H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 modifications, with the paternal pronucleus showing delayed epigenetic modifications. Higher levels of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 were observed in NT and PA embryos than in fertilized embryos. However, NT embryos exhibited a lower level of H3K27me3 than PA and fertilized embryos from pronuclear stage 3 to the four-celled stage. Our finding that NT embryos exhibited aberrant H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 modifications in comparison with fertilized embryos during early zygotic genome activation help to unravel the epigenetic mechanisms of methylation changes in early NT reprogramming and provide an insight into the role of histone H3 in the regulation of cell plasticity during natural reproduction and somatic cell NT.