bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral distress in genetic counseling: A study of North American genetic counselors
Authors: Wadman Erin , Conway Laura , Garbarini Jennifer , Baker Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMoral distress is the phenomenon whereby healthcare providers experience the inability to take action or act in morally appropriate ways when encountering a morally compromising situation. The correlation of moral distress to burnout and resignation in nursing and other healthcare fields has led to increasing attention and concern among healthcare professionals to identify the sources of moral distress, as well as find ways to alleviate it. An online mix‐method survey was sent to NSGC members to gain information on (1) sources of moral distress, (2) emotions involved, (3) coping strategies, and (4) suggestions to alleviate it. The ProQOL 5 scale was included to measure genetic counselor compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Two hundred and thirteen genetic counselors from North America completed the survey. Forty‐eight percent of respondents experienced moral distress and five sources were identified. The sources were situations involving other providers, family members, professional responsibility, personal beliefs, and access. Those more likely to experience moral distress worked in a prenatal setting, were over the age of 50, and worked for more than 21 years. Genetic counselors were more likely to talk to a co‐worker for support, and seek social support, address the source of the problem, and sustain self through working with patients as coping strategies. Most genetic counselors recommended talking to another genetic counselor to alleviate moral distress. Moral distress did not correlate with genetic counselor burnout, but did correlate with higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (p < 0.01). Thirty‐two percent of genetic counselors considered leaving their specialty, and 23% considered leaving their profession based on their experience(s) with moral distress. Our study establishes the existence of moral distress in the genetic counseling field and supports the need for coping strategies and recommendations in order to alleviate future genetic counselor moral distress.
Raman spectroscopy detects adulterated counter‐ions in pharmaceuticals
Authors: Fuini Evan , Reimers Alexandra , Hudspeth Amber , Kucera Kaury , Light David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy provides accurate and cost‐effective quality control of pharmaceuticals, which is essential for maintaining the confidence of dispensing physicians and patient's adherence to therapeutic regimens. For drug salts that contain a counter‐ion, the active pharmaceutical ingredient and counter‐ion combination is optimized for the intended therapeutic effect. Drug salts with multiple alternative counter‐ions are developed, dosed, and regulated independently and case study one demonstrates how an adulterated medication can contain a different counter‐ion than the label claim. Three additional case studies are performed that showcase how Raman spectroscopy can be applied as a cost‐effective alternative detection technique of both label claim drug and counter‐ion when compared to more commonly used HPLC‐UV methods.
Eco‐environmental footprint and value chains of technology multinational enterprises operating in emerging economies
Authors: Attah‐Boakye Rexford , Adams Kweku , Yu Honglan , Koukpaki Adebayo Serge Francois 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrawing from signaling theory and the multinational global value chain (GVC) literature, this study examines a critical question “does the adoption of eco‐friendly technology improve firm value?”. In addressing this question, we test a panel dataset for 633 technology multinational enterprises (TMNEs) operating in 15 emerging economies and covering 10 years from 2009 to 2019. This paper provides new insight into the increasing CO2 emission concerns, especially from the emerging economies and household consumption perspectives. Our study reveals that the adoption of eco‐friendly technology by TMNE's GVC operations will increase firm value and increase total environmental spending. Consequently, CO2 footprints in emerging countries will be reduced. Our findings are robust, controlling for several firm‐level and country‐level variables in our analysis. The practical, managerial, and policy implications of our study are discussed.
A review of micro‐practices in commodity value chains in the global south
Authors: Siaw Daniel , Botchie David , Sarpong David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicro‐practices in the commodity value chains (CVCs) have experienced dramatic evolution through digital technology (DT). This article reviews the literature to identify four critical periods in this evolutionary cycle, from 1980 to 2020, to explicate the dimensions through which DT has foregrounded the burgeoning patterns of change in practice. Focusing on three key levels of micro‐practices: farm level, production level, and institutional level, a nuanced analysis of the role of relevant stakeholders in mobilizing resources and provides support to leverage DT. Our study shows how stakeholders' receptiveness has facilitated the radical (re)construction of micro‐practices in CVC. Implications for theory and practice are outlined.
A transaction cost perspective on blockchain governance in global value chains
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Botchie David , Braganza Ashley , Han Hongdan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study advances theoretical insights into blockchain adoption in the context of global value chains from a transaction cost theory perspective. The research has adopted an exploratory qualitative approach using the Netnography method to scrutinize the case of TradeLens—a thriving blockchain‐enabled ecosystem that Maersk and IBM jointly developed. This study applies textual and audiovisual data from company websites and social media. Our findings indicate blockchain technology's salient and strategic relevance in streamlining business processes, improving efficiency, enhancing visibility, transparency, and traceability for value creation in the global value chains. This investigation supports the notion that blockchain, as a disruptor, will transform global trade with the digital tools to share real‐time information and collaborate security to reduce search and information cost, policing and enforcement cost in global economic transactions and administrative friction in trade. In contrast, the bargaining cost will increase if the information for the transaction is hard to verify where human actor intervention will be required, implying relatively higher designing costs in codifying the agreements in smart contracts.
Reuse‐oriented data publishing: How to make the shared research data friendlier for researchers
Authors: Duan Qingyu , Wang Xiaoguang , Song Ningyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractData repositories are an essential component of data infrastructure. This article explores their functionalities with accompanying examples with a focus on open, quantitative data sets. Based on researcher needs, the principle of data friendliness is presented, which involves data context (data characteristics), research context (individual circumstances and research settings) and the context of reuse paths (conditions allowing access to, understanding of and use of data). An examination of data context suggests that metadata and data enrichment are required to provide successful data context. Enrichment is also required for orientation of the research context to provide greater insights across data sets. Finally the article considers the reuse paths, and the say that data paths intersect human interaction and how these are being addressed by different repositories. The review concludes that data repositories need to focus on how to present data that is fully interoperable and allows for reuse as well as access.
Impact of human immunodeficiency virus status on laryngeal cancer survival and locoregional control
Authors: Weinreb Samuel Franklin , Piersiala Krzysztof , Dhar Shumon Ian , Hillel Alexander T. , Akst Lee , Best Simon R. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare long‐term outcomes of laryngeal cancer (LC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) versus uninfected individuals and determine how clinical and viral factors—such as demographics, cancer stage, HIV viral load, and CD4 nadir—contribute to these outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study of 749 patients seen for LC at a single tertiary care center between 2003 and 2017. Of these, 22 had HIV at the time of LC diagnosis, and they were matched in a 1:4 ratio to uninfected controls based on sex, presence of smoking history, and age at cancer diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to identify overall and disease‐free survival differences based on HIV status, as well as other clinical and viral factors.ResultsCompared to all uninfected individuals, PLWH were diagnosed with LC approximately 6 years younger (p = .013). 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year overall survival for PLWH were 86.4% (63.4%–95.4%), 77.3% (53.7%–89.9%), and 65.8% (40.8%–82.2%), respectively following LC diagnosis, and HIV was not significantly associated with overall (HR = 3.34 [0.59–18.79]) or disease‐free survival (HR = 2.12 [0.71–6.36]). The incidence rate of locoregional recurrence among PLWH was 541 compared to 371 per 10,000 person‐years in controls, which were not significantly different (p = .420). Furthermore, among PLWH, peak viral load and CD4 nadir were not associated with overall or disease‐free survival.ConclusionWhile previous work has shown that HIV is associated with elevated risk of LC, survival did not differ significantly between PLWH and uninfected individuals in this study.Level of evidence3.
Prospective study of intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser with or without blue light in the activation of PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis and photodamage
Authors: Abrouk Michael , Gianatasio Chloe , Li Yumeng , Waibel Jill S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundExposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is known to have a deleterious effect on the skin. Repeated insults to the dermal matrix from UV radiation result in the clinical signs of photodamage, including changes in skin elasticity, color, and texture. UV radiation also leads to the accumulation of DNA mutations and promotes tumor development, resulting in the formation of cutaneous precancerous and cancerous lesions. Continuous‐wave incoherent blue light, intense pulsed light (IPL), and pulsed dye laser (PDL) are safe and efficacious light sources commonly used for aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (PDT). The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of PDT for the treatment of photodamage and actinic keratoses using four different combinations of light sources: PDL, PDL + blue light, IPL, and IPL + blue light.StudyA total of 220 patients with either photodamage or actinic keratosis (AK) were recruited from the Miami Dermatology Laser Institute (Miami, FL) and were assigned prospectively to undergo one PDT treatment with one of the four light options: PDL, PDL + blue light, IPL or IPL + blue light. Of the 220 patients enrolled in treatment groups, 214 patients completed the study. Of the 214 patients, 88 received treatment for AK, and 126 received treatment for photodamage. All patients gave their consent to participate in the study and to allow their photographs to be utilized for the purpose of scientific presentations.ResultsTreatment with IPL resulted in a 70.8% reduction of actinic keratoses at a 1‐month follow‐up. Treatment with IPL and blue light 84.4% reduction of actinic keratoses at 1 month follow up. Treatment with PDL 70.5% reduction of actinic keratoses at 1 month follow up. Treatment with PDL and blue light 69.3% reduction of actinic keratoses at 1 month follow up. Treatment with IPL resulted in an improvement score of 2.9. Treatment with IPL and blue light resulted in an improvement score of 3.0. Treatment PDL resulted in an improvement score of 1.5. Treatment with PDL and blue light resulted in an improvement score of 1.8.ConclusionAlthough all four treatment groups led to some improvement in signs of photoaging, IPL + blue light again demonstrated increased efficacy when compared to IPL, PDL, and PDL + blue light treatment groups. Results from our study were limited by an unequal distribution between treatment groups and a lack of follow‐up beyond a 1‐month period and warrant further research.
THE SHARECROPPER AND THE PRESIDENT: TWO LEADERS AT THE CROSSROADS OF DEMOCRACY
Authors: Larson Kate Clifford 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe author discusses the civil rights leadership of Fannie Lou Hamer, who rose from humble beginnings as a “poor, Black, Mississippi sharecropper,” to deliver “searing testimony at the Democratic National Convention during a hearing in front of the national party’s Credentials Committee” on August 22, 1964. The author calls leaders like Hamer “natural born,” and contends these leaders “do not follow the traditional path to positions of power and influence—they don’t have access to the best schools, employment opportunities, financial resources, or powerful interpersonal relationships and connections that position them for leadership.” Hamer was “poorly educated and raised in extreme poverty in an era when African Americans were denied equality and basic citizenship rights.” She “developed literacies distinctly separate from the spotty education she received in underfunded and segregated Black schools in Mississippi…her leadership sparked a dramatic movement forward in the fight for civil rights. In 1968, at the DNC convention in Chicago, Hamer’s state delegation was seated on the floor and Mississippi’s all‐white party was turned away. When she stood at the podium as a delegate from Mississippi, she received a standing ovation. That year a record 340 Black delegates and alternates from across the country sat and voted for the party’s nominees.”
A pro‐pgroup with full normal Hausdorff spectra
Authors: Heras Iker de las , Klopsch Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor each odd prime p, we produce a 2‐generated pro‐pgroupGwhose normal Hausdorff spectrawith respect to five standard filtration series , namely the lowerp‐series, the dimension subgroup series, thep‐power series, the iteratedp‐power series and the Frattini series, are all equal to the full unit interval [0,1]. Here denotes the Hausdorff dimension function associated to the natural translation‐invariant metric induced by the filtration series .
Implementation science in pediatric oncology: A narrative review and future directions
Authors: Phillips Charles A. , Barakat Lamia P. , Pollock Brad H. , Bailey L. Charles , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImplementation science (IS) has garnered attention within oncology, and most prior IS work has focused on adult, not pediatric, oncology. This narrative review broadly characterizes IS for pediatric oncology. It includes studies through 2020 using the following search terms in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane: “implementation science,” “pediatric,” “childhood,” “cancer,” and “oncology.” Systematic review was not performed due to the limited number of heterogeneous studies. Of 216 articles initially reviewed, nine were selected as specific to IS and pediatric oncology. All nine examined oncologic supportive care, cancer prevention, or cancer control. The supportive care focus is potentially due to the presence of cooperative study groups such as the Children's Oncology Group, which efficiently drive cancer‐directed therapy changes through clinical trials. Future IS within pediatric oncology should embrace this ecosystem and focus on cancer control interventions that benefit patients across multiple cancer types and patients treated outside cooperative group studies.
Physical‐organic aspects along with linear and nonlinear optical properties of benzene sulfonamide compounds: In silico analysis
Authors: Mehboob Muhammad Yasir , Hussain Riaz , Jamil Saba , Ahmed Mahmood , Khan Muhammad Usman , Haroon Muhammad , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sulfonamides class of drugs is known due to superb biological and notable nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. The current study reports detailed computational and spectroscopic studies of 16 novel benzene sulfonamides compounds. Computational studies on these compounds (1–16) have been performed with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐31G (d,p) basis set. B3LYP with the conjunction of 6‐31G(d,p) has been used to gain optimized geometries of these compounds. Different key parameters have been performed to analyze the structural‐property relationship, stability, reactivity, charge transferability, and NLO response of these novel compounds. Electronic properties including frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) alignment, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, spectroscopic fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and NLO properties were calculated using B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) and M06‐2X/6‐31G(d,p) basis sets. Natural bonding orbital analysis confirmed the successful electron transferability between donor moiety and acceptor moiety. The molecular electrostatic potential analysis unveils the intramolecular hydrogen bonding along with different reactive sites in these compounds 1–16. Global indices of reactivity were analyzed using energies of frontier molecular orbitals of compounds 1–16, which suggested that these compounds are chemically hard and stable compounds. Absorption maxima of all compounds were estimated with aid of time‐dependent DFT at B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) basis set which disclosed the best agreement between experimental and DFT‐based recorded spectra. FT‐IR analysis (at B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p)) confirmed different modes of vibration in all the title compounds and also exhibit a concrete relation with experimentally recorded IR spectrums. Moreover, all the compounds (1–16) show good NLO response. NLO responses of 1–16 compounds were computed at the same level of B3LYP/6‐31G (d,p), which is found to be greater than the standard molecule. All these analyses suggest that 1–16 benzene sulfonamides compounds are found to be suitable candidates for biological and NLO applications.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes of lupus: A Philippine study (SIGLA‐PH)
Authors: Tee Michael L. , Tee Cherica A. , Nevado Jose B. , Santiago Angeline Therese , Abrilla Aedrian A. , Lapid Carlo M. , Tablizo Francis A. , Dizon Joshua A. , Morado El K. B. , Cutiongco‐Dela Paz Eva Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex prototypic autoimmune disease, with a prevalence of 20–150 per 100,000, most commonly affecting women at child‐bearing age. Genome‐wide association studies and fine mapping of candidate regions have paved the way for greater understanding of SLE as a disease of genetic–environmental susceptibility and the functions of the genes involved.MethodThis study was conducted to determine the association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from established genomic databases based on theoretical risk and protective odds ratios > 2.5 or <0.40) to susceptibility of developing SLE among Filipinos.ResultsWe analyzed data from 310 SLE patients and 318 controls. We identified eight significant SNPs namely rs9271100, rs9271366, rs9272105, rs9275328, rs2647087, rs12734338, rs17885098, and rs3883013 to be associated with an increased risk of developing SLE among Filipinos.ConclusionEight SNPs were found to be associated with the development of SLE among Filipinos. Similar to previous genetic studies in lupus patients, majority of the SNPs were found in the major histocompatibilty complex genes in the HLA region. Our study identified two unique SNPs that will be validated as potential diagnostic markers for SLE. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of a polygenic risk score in determining susceptibility to SLE among Filipinos.
Reading wars or reading reconciliation? A critical examination of robust research evidence, curriculum policy and teachers' practices for teaching phonics and reading
Authors: Wyse Dominic , Bradbury Alice 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTeaching children to read is one of the most fundamental goals of early years and primary education worldwide, and as such has attracted a large amount of research from a range of academic disciplines. The aims of this paper are: (a) to provide a new critical examination of research evidence relevant to effective teaching of phonics and reading in the context of national curricula internationally; (b) to report new empirical findings relating to phonics teaching in England; and (c) examine some implications for policy and practice. The paper reports new empirical findings from two sources: (1) a systematic qualitative meta‐synthesis of 55 experimental trials that included longitudinal designs; (2) a survey of 2205 teachers. The paper concludes that phonics and reading teaching in primary schools in England has changed significantly for the first time in modern history, and that compared to other English dominant regions England represents an outlier. The most robust research evidence, from randomised control trials with longitudinal designs, shows that the approach to phonics and reading teaching in England is not sufficiently underpinned by research evidence. It is recommended that national curriculum policy is changed and that the locus of political control over curriculum, pedagogy and assessment should be re‐evaluated. The video abstract for this article is available at https://youtu.be/bJImJ79JKNI.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyTeaching children to read is one of the most important elements of primary education because it is fundamental to children's educational development. For this reason it is vital that the teaching of reading, and curriculum policies on reading, are informed by robust research.Why the new findings matterIf children are not being taught to read in the most appropriate way, because curriculum policy and teaching practices are not informed sufficiently by robust research evidence, then children's education will not be as effective as it should be.Implications for practitioners, policy makers, researchersThe outcomes of the survey of teachers in England, and the new analysis of systematic reviews and meta analyses, and randomised controlled trials with longitudinal designs, reported in the paper show the need for changes to the teaching of reading and to national curriculum policy on the teaching of reading.The teaching of phonics and reading in curriculum policy and practice should more closely reflect the evidence that contextualised teaching of reading, or balanced instruction, is the most effective way to teach reading.