bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry and Health Outcomes of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Leachate: Exposure to E-Waste Is Toxic to Atlantic Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) Embryos
Authors: Igbo Juliet Kelechi , Chukwu Lucian Obinna , Oyewo Emmanuel Olusegun , Blum Jason L. , Schanzer Ariana , Wirgin Isaac , Meltzer Gabriella Y. , Roy Nirmal K. , Zelikoff Judith T. 
Published: September 2022

Although there is rising global concern over the environmental, ecological, and human health risks associated with the discharge of leachates from e-waste dumpsites into the aquatic ecosystems, little is known in this research area. Thus, for this study, we first defined the chemistry of the test leachate, followed by assessment of the leachate on the development of a model aquatic organism (Fundulus heteroclitus) used extensively as a bioassay organism in pollution studies. Chemical analyses revealed that levels of phosphate (20.03 mg/L), cadmium (Cd) (0.4 mg/L), lead (Pb) (0.2 mg/L), and chromium (Cr) (0.4 mg/L) were higher than the 2009 US EPA and the 2009 National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) permissible limits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) burdens were dominated mainly by the high molecular weight congeners, specifically the ∑4rings (73 µg/L). Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels ranged from 0.00 to 0.40 µg/L with the ∑deca PCBs reaching the highest concentration. For the biological studies, F. heteroclitus embryos (48-h post-fertilization) were divided randomly into groups and exposed to one of six e-waste leachate concentrations (10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001%). Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between treated and control groups were observed in standard and total length, and head size. Further analysis using Duncan’s post-hoc test of multiple comparison also revealed specific differences within and between specific treatment groups. We conclude that e-waste leachate arising from indiscriminate dumping into aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria contains mixtures of toxic constituents that can threaten ecosystem and public health.
Landasan Konstitusional Perlindungan Data Pribadi Pada Transaksi Fintech Lending di Indonesia
Authors: Noor Afif , Wulandari Dwi 
Published: September 2022

<div><p><em>Financial Technology (fintech) lending atau yang lebih dikenal dengan peer to peer lending (P2PL) merupakan salah satu fintech yang tumbuh dengan pesat. Dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya platform fintech lending selalu meminta data pribadi calon peminjam (borrower) yang seringkali disalahgunakan, padahal data pribadi merupakan privasi dan hak asasi seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan landasan konstitusional perlindungan data pribadi baik formil maupun materiil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang. Sumber data berasal dari data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan pola pikir deduktif. Berdasarkan penelitian ditemukan bahwa landasan konstitusional fintech lending secara khusus tertuang dalam Pasal 28 UUD 1945. Dengan demikian, keberadaan data pribadi tersebut harus dilindungi oleh hukum dalam bentuk undang-undang agar mempunyai daya ikat yang kuat dan dapat memberikan sanksi yang menjerakan bagi para pelanggar hukum mengingat perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan transaksi fintech lending yang telah ada seperti POJK No.77/2016 belum mampu memberikan jaminan perlindungan terhadap keamanan data pribadi konsumen. Pengambil kebijakan perlu melakukan pembaharuan hukum melalui pembentukan undang-undang perlindungan data pribadi yang melindungi para pihak dalam transaksi fintech lending khususnya atau transaksi berbasis teknologi informasi pada umumnya.</em></p></div>
Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Penipuan Melalui Sarana Elektronik
Authors: Wardhana Raditya Sri Krisnha 
Published: September 2022

<p><em>Kebijakan hukum pidana sebagai bentuk penanggulangan tindak pidana penipuan melalui sarana elektronik keberadaannya diperlukan untuk mengatasi tindak kejahatan di bidang teknologi informasi. Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektonik sebagai payung hukum dalam bidang teknologi informasi yang akomodatif terhadap perkembangan serta antisipatif terhadap permasalahan dan dampak negatif dari kemajuan teknologi informasi. Dunia internet, berpotensi sangat besar bagi pelaku kejahatan untuk melakukan kejahatan dan sulit untuk ditangkap ditangkap karena antara orang yang ada di dalam dunia maya ini sebagian besar fiktif atau identitas orang per orang tidak nyata. Sementara pengaturan mengenai diakuinya bukti, media elektronik dan adanya perluasan yurisdiksi dalam UU ITE pun masih abu-abu. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan penipuan menggunakan sarana elektronik menjadi kian marak adalah karena belum optimalnya penegak hukum dalam menangani tindak pidana yang tindakan perbuatannya menggunakan sarana elektronik. Tindak pidana penipuan dengan menggunakan sarana elektronikpun dari dari tahun ke tahun angka yang dilaporkan menunjukkan peningkatan. Oleh karenanya fokus kajian pada pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimana kebijakan hukum pidana dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana penipuan melalui sarana elektronik, (2) apa kendala dan upaya penegak hukum dalam menerapkan kebijakan hukum pidana untuk menanggulangi tindak pidana penipuan melalui sarana elektronik serta (3) bagaimana pertimbangan Pengadilan dalam menjatuhkan putusan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penipuan melalui sarana elektronik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan komparatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka menanggulangi tindak pidana penipuan melalui sarana elektronik telah diatur dengan jelas dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, masih sedikitnya aparat penegak hukum yang memahami seluk beluk teknologi informasi, terbatasnya sarana dan prasarana serta belum siapnya institusi penegak hukum di daerah untuk mengantisipasi tindak kejahatan siber menjadi kendala Penegak hukum dalam menerapkan kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka menanggulangi tindak pidana penipuan melalui sarana elektronik. Yang terakhir adalah Pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan harus mempertimbangkan faktor yuridis dan faktor non yuridis</em></p>
Analisa Yuridis Pelaku Pemalsuan Data Untuk Mendapatkan Paspor Pada Kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 TPI Bandar Lampung
Authors: Zaini Zulfi Diane , Brillian Luki Oktaviani 
Published: September 2022

<p><em>Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui, memahami dan menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan data untuk mendapatkan paspor Republik Indonesia pada kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 TPI Bandar Lampung dan untuk menganalisis sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan data untuk mendapatkan paspor yang tidak valid. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian yuridis normative dan empiris. Pemalsuan paspor merupakan kejahatan yang dilakukan dengan cara mengganti, mengubah sebagian atau secara keseluruhan dari sebuah paspor atau menggunakan informasi palsu untuk menerima paspor. Permasalahan penelitian mengenai bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan data untuk mendapatkan paspor Republik Indonesia pada kantor Imigrasi Kelas 1 TPI Bandar Lampung dan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan data untuk mendapatkan paspor yang tidak valid.Hasil penelitian bahwa Pertanggungjawaban dalam hukum pidana apabila perbuatan memenuhi unsur-unsur tindak pidana maka kepada yang bersangkutan dapat dimintakan tanggungjawab pidana secara yuridis. Sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan data untuk mendapatkan paspor yang dilakukan oleh pelaku setelah memperhatikan unsur-unsur Pasal 126 huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 06 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian unsur “Barang siapa”, unsur “Memberikan data yang tidak sah atau keterangan yang tidak benar”; unsur “Untuk memperoleh Dokumen Perjalanan Republik Indonesia bagi dirinya sendiri atau orang lain”.</em></p>
Research Article Abstract: Construction and Optimization Strategies
Authors: Kosycheva Marina , Tikhonova Elena 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Abstract is a system-defining element of a research article. Moreover, the further visibility of the article depends on its quality. Uninformative abstracts also reduce the visibility of the article, destabilize its dissemination. Despite the structural transparency of the abstract, the art of its composition requires some special skills.The purpose of this editorial is to acquaint authors with strategies for constructing a research article abstract and ways to optimize it.Materials and methods: Having analyzed the literature on the topic, the authors presented and illustrated a description of an optimal structure of a research article abstract for journals in the field of agriculture and biological sciences. Further, this structure was traced on the examples of abstracts of already published articles with comments on their strengths and weaknesses.Results and their application: The stages of writing a research article abstract in agricultural and biological sciences are presented. The advantage of a structured abstract which reflects information about the relevance, scope and methodology of the study, the main results and conclusions is analyzed. The examples presented in this editorial will help authors optimize the abstracts of their research articles, make them visible in literature databases and increase the citation of their work.
Coding Complexity Cost and the Number of Bases
Authors: Kak Subhash 
Published: September 2022

<p>The question of coding of information is connected with that of dimensionality and efficient processing in both engineered and natural systems. When the cost of coding of data or that of classes increases linearly with the number of bases, ternary coding is superior to binary, and coding in <em>e</em> is optimal. This paper investigates the relative efficiency of bases for the cases when the cost complexity is affine (slope-intercept linear) or exponential. The affine cases for which binary and ternary bases are optimal are presented. </p>
Using the theory of constructed emotion to inform the study of cognition-emotion interactions
Authors: Dreisbach Gesine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article I suggest how theories of emotion construction may inform the study of cognition-emotion interactions. To do so, I adopt the two main conceptscore affectandemotions as categories: Core affect, one’s current affective state, which is defined by the two dimensions pleasure and arousal, is an inherent part of any conscious experience. Specific emotions are understood as categories including highly diverse exemplars. I argue that (1) affective states can and should not be differentiated from cognitive states, and that (2) specific emotions may follow the same principles as other biological or more general categories. I review some empirical evidence in support of these ideas and show avenues for future research.
MIDS: The digitisation standard for Natural Science collections
Authors: Haston Elspeth , Chapman Cat 
Published: September 2022

The digitisation standard, MIDS (Minimum Information about a Digital Specimen), has been developed to provide a clear definition for the level of digitisation of the specimens held in natural science collections. The standard comprises three levels of digitisation:

Level 1 (Basic) is equivalent to a virtual cabinet or drawer in the collection;

Level 2 (Regular) provides information needed for most research;

Level 3 (Extended) provides all information on the specimen itself as well as links to associated resources.

Level 1 (Basic) is equivalent to a virtual cabinet or drawer in the collection;
Level 2 (Regular) provides information needed for most research;
Level 3 (Extended) provides all information on the specimen itself as well as links to associated resources.
A pre-digitisation Level 0 (Bare) allows for the citation of the specimen and the attachment of additional information. The standard has been developed through the collaboration of people representing digitisation, curation, data management, software development and research. The development has been coordinated within the TDWG MIDS Task Group. The aim has been to develop a standard that will fulfill the needs of those managing digitisation programmes (e.g., estimating costs, priorities) as well as the users of the digitised specimens (e.g., informing potential data users of a collection’s data richness).
Inventing Synthetic Methods to Discover How Enzymes Work
Authors:   History of Chemistry Division of the German Chemical Society (GDCh), Kent Stephen B. H. 
Published: September 2022

Creative “cheating” led Stephen B. H. Kent, born in 1945, to solve one of the Grand Challenges of 20<sup>th</sup> Century chemistry: the total synthesis of protein molecules. Twenty-five formative years in his native New Zealand had prepared him in manifold ways. Vigorous debates at the family dinner table, combined with secondary school classes in Kantian moral philosophy and the discipline of competitive distance running influenced his later successes in scientific research. As a university undergraduate he was fascinated by the ability of enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions and set out to gain the expertise to understand how they did it. Steve loved to experiment and didn’t leave the bench for many years to come. Keep it simple, be counter-dogma and ignore the opinions of referees were his guiding principles. Read how his ambition to understand the chemistry of enzyme catalysis led Stephen Kent to the United States and about his adventures there in science and everyday life.
Features of the heavy metals content accumulation in grain of spring barley varieties (Hordeum sativum) for different applications as affected by the duration of storage
Authors: Voitovska V. I. , Rassadina I. Yu. , Klymovych N. M. , Tretiakova S. O. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Investigate the content of heavy metals in spring barley varieties for different applications depending on the duration of grain storage.
Methods. Laboratory, analytical, statistical.
Results. It was found that the studied varieties, regardless of the application had an individual accumulation of heavy metals. Grain varieties have an inverse relationship with the intensity of lead concentration in the grain of spring barley: the longer the storage, the lower its content in the grain. The accumulation of heavy metals of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the grain of spring barley varieties of grain use allows us to note that with increasing storage, their content decreases. It was found that the accumulation of heavy metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the grain of spring barley for grain increases as affected by the storage period. There was a decrease in zinc content after a month of storage and depending on varietal characteristics. A slight increase, in the varieties of the brewery application was found after three and six months of grain storage. When analyzing the data, it can be noted that after nine months and a year of storage, there was an increase in the copper content, but to the maximum permitted level.
Conclusions. Varieties of spring barley, regardless of the application, had an individual accumulation of heavy metals. Varieties ‘Stalker’ and ‘Ahrarii’ are sensitive to lead: the content of this element immediately after threshing was 1.08 mg/kg and 1.12 mg/kg. A month later, these figures were 0.73 mg/kg and 1.02 mg/kg. Storage of spring barley grain for 9 and 12 months shows that the accumulation of cadmium has increased compared to the indicators obtained immediately after threshing. Thus, in the varieties ‘Stalker’ this figure was 0.09 mg/kg, and in ‘Ahrarii’ 0.13 and 0.014 mg/kg. The most sensitive to the accumulation of copper (Cu) immediately after threshing were varieties ‘Ahrarii’ with 3.00 mg/kg and ‘Vzirets’ with 2.56 mg/kg, and the lowest content had varieties ‘Shchedryk’ with 2.27 mg/kg and ‘Stalker’ with 2.31 mg/kg. ‘Enei’ variety of universal application was characterizing by a lower content of heavy metals in comparison with grain varieties. In spring malting barley, depending on the duration of grain storage, it was found that as in previous grain and universal application, the content of heavy metals accumulates differently depending on the varietal characteristics.
Productivity of winter pea as affected by nitrogen fertilizer and seed inoculation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Novytska N. V. , Ponomarenko O. V. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the productivity of winter pea as affected by nitrogen fertilizer and seed inoculation under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field and laboratory research methods were used to conduct research to establish the peculiarities of the formation of winter pea productivity.
Results. Based on the research, it was determined that the factors of inoculation of seeds with Optimize Pulse and the use of spring nitrogen fertilization at an application rate N45 played a decisive role in the formation of a high productivity and protein content in winter pea of ‘NS Moroz’ variety. Thus, it was found that the application of N15 in autumn followed by spring fertilization with N45 formed the height of pea plants of 79.5 cm and the number of beans per plant 12.2. However 1000-seed weight was the best in the treatment with spring application of N30, although it did not differ statistically from the previous treatment of the experiment.
Conclusions. It was found that the yield of pea increased significantly under the integrated use of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of fertilizer was especially positive with the application of starting doses in autumn (15 kg/ha) and fertilization of plants after vegetation restoration (45 kg/ha). The yield averaged 3.69 t/ha. However, inoculation of seeds in general contributed not only to a better supply of winter pea plants with nitrogen but also to the formation of a higher yield. According to the results of our research, we noted an increase in the protein content in the seeds as the amount of nitrogen fertilizers used after the restoration of vegetation by pea plants. Thus, in the case of application of N15 for autumn application in combination with spring feeding with N45, the protein content was 23.95% in non-inoculated and 24.93 % in inoculated treatments of the experiment. It was found that along with the improvement of plant nutrition conditions for winter peas by inoculation of seeds with strains of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of Optimize Pulse plant health product, the average plant height increased by 7.8 cm, the number of beans per plant by 1.1, and the 1000seed-weight by 16.8 g.
Yield and biometric indicators of productive organs of different savoy cabbage (Brassica sabauda Lizg.) varieties
Authors: Kovtuniuk Z. I. , Vorobiova N. V. , Slobodianyk H. Ya. , Polovynchuk O. Yu. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of plant yield formation and biometric indicators of marketable products of different savoy cabbage varieties under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The research was conducted in the Research and Production Department of Uman National University of Horticulture in the years 2018–2020. Varieties of savoy cabbage (‘Vertu 1340’ – control, ‘Sphere’, 'Rozali' and ‘Vertus’) were planted according to the scheme 70 × 40 cm (35.7 thousand plants/ha).
Results. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield was formed by savoy cabbage varieties 'Vertus' (53.1 t/ha) and ‘Sphere’ (51.8 t/ha), which was 7.4 and 6.1 t/ha, respectively (in control option ‘Vertu’1340' it was 45.7 t/ha). The least productive among the studied assortment was ‘Rozali’ with 39.9 t/ha. ‘Vertu 1340’ was characterized by the lowest marketability of the obtained products (85.6%), while in the others this indicator was higher, on average, by 9.1–13.3%. Savoy cabbage varieties 'Sphere' and 'Vertus' exceeded the control variety over all biometric indicators of the cabbage head: average weight of 1.73 and 1.50 kg against 1.40 kg, diameter of 18.6 and 18.2 cm against 17.8 cm, respectively. The variety ‘Rozali’ was significantly inferior to them in all these indicators. Regarding the biochemical components of the products of the studied varieties, the dry matter content averaged 8.07–10.17%, sugars 3.27–3.58%, vitamin C 32.64–60.98 mg/100 g. Qualitative indicators were the highest in the control variety 'Vertu 1340' and the lowest in 'Sphere'.
Conclusions. When grown in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the highest yields and marketability of products are formed by savoy cabbage varieties ‘Sphere’ and ‘Vertus’. At the same time, the control variety ‘Vertu 1340’ surpasses all others in terms of product quality indicators, namely dry matter content, sugars and vitamin C.
Pasar Uang Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Batubara Maryam , Silalahi  Purnama Ramadani , Al Fazri Muhammad , Monica Aulia , Sakinah Sakinah 
Published: September 2022

The money market is a gathering place between parties who have excess assets and individuals who experience a lack of assets, the system is by exchanging temporary assets into certain assets with developments in less than one year. In the money market, the application actually involves revenue to create profit. Therefore, progress is needed in the exchange of currency markets using the Qur'an and Hadith as a premise. Also currently there is a sharia money market and has received the legitimacy of the National Sharia Council (DSN) fatwa No. 37 concerning the interbank money market with sharia standards as an answer to the need for exchange rates, especially for Muslim community groups.
Keywords: Money market, Islamic money market, DSN-MUI fatwa.
Analisis Resiko Bisnis
Authors: Hotdiana H. Fitri , Yani Ary Ahmad , Putri Mulyani , Suhairi Suhairi 
Published: September 2022

Perfect understanding of risk, can turn risk into opportunity. no exception in the global business / business, conditions filled with uncertainty can affect the success of a business. Strategic and tactical decisions designed by management that initially aim to realize the company's vision and mission, if they do not take into account the risks that may exist, may result in these decisions resulting in the achievement of the company's vision and mission not being achieved. Risk management is better known as Risk Management. there are three crucial terms in risk management, namely identification, measurement and risk mapping. 3 risk criteria that are likely to be faced by the company, namely Financial Risk, Operational Risk, and Externalization Risk. Risk management is the design of mechanisms and implementation of procedures to manage a business risk. Where not infrequently the decisions taken are not looking at the magnitude of the risk that will occur but rather looking at the amount of profit that will be received. This is because humans have an ambitious nature to achieve high profits and want to quickly leave the difficult period, including financial difficulties. The current era is the era of consumerism.This research is a research that aims to determine the business risks and their functions applied to the company, knowing the stages of risk management and how to anticipate business risks that occur in the company. Business risk means the company's vulnerability to factors that can reduce its benefits or cause the company to fail. By implementing risk management in the company, it will provide great benefits for the company in managing its company. Several stages in carrying out risk management are: identification of risk, identifying forms of risk, placing risk measures, placing alternatives, analyzing every other way, determining one other way, implementing the chosen alternative, controlling the chosen alternative, evaluating the chosen alternative path.
Keywords: Business Risk Management, Financial Risk