bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N.V. Ustryalov's philosophical dispute with Slavophiles in the light of modern events.
Authors: Skorokhodova Svetlana Igorevna 
Published: April 2022

The object of the research is the actual problems of Russian philosophical thought related to the issues of power and society, the spiritual and historical basis of national existence, in the context of modernity. The article attempts to reveal the meaning of the philosophical polemics of N.V. Ustryalov, the leader of the smenovekhovstvo, and Slavophiles, in which, according to the author of the article, these topics are most acutely raised. The main triad in Ustryalov's political ontology is distinguished (power, nationality, religion, which should be based on a creative idea) and compared with the well-known triad of Slavophiles (Orthodoxy-nationality-autocracy). It is shown that Ustryalov, in the "power-people" bundle, gives priority to power, mystifying and psychologizing it, whereas, according to Slavophiles, state power is a manifestation of the people's will, whose mind is in churches and universities. It is argued that the main disagreement between Ustryalov and the Slavophiles was how they treated Orthodoxy. Ustryalov believed that not only religion, but also philosophy can become the spiritual basis of society's life, but only if it carries a creative beginning. He was close to the principle of religious tolerance. The Slavophiles believed that power should be based on the spiritual foundation that develops historically: without relying on it, it is impossible to resist the new-fangled ideas that are masterfully introduced into people's consciousness. The article concludes that Ustryalov, seeing Romanticism in the political doctrine of the Slavophiles, was not free from it himself. He did not fully think through the idea of national policy, which is especially relevant in modern times.
Productivity and efficiency in the evaluation of judicial activity
Authors: Vasilev Dmitrii 
Published: April 2022

The article raises the question of whether it is correct to use the term "efficiency" when evaluating judicial activity using quantitative indicators of judicial statistics. These indicators are focused on the departmental needs of a closed-in judicial system. The article shows that in relation to the assessment of the activity of courts according to judicial statistics, it is correct to use the term "productivity". The thesis of the article is that when evaluating the work of courts and judges, to distinguish productivity from efficiency. It is noted that the productivity of ships and their efficiency are not directly dependent. Particular attention is paid to determining what constitutes the effectiveness of judicial activity. The author comes to the conclusion that the effectiveness of judicial work can be investigated by studying the assessments of courts and judges by their "clients" - litigants, other persons involved in the case, society as a whole. Courts act effectively if their "reputation capital" increases in the eyes of society. The currently used indicators of judicial statistics should be replaced by an assessment of the effectiveness of justice based on a sociological study of the reputation of the judiciary. The judiciary should have its own structures to monitor changes in public opinion regarding the reputation of the courts. When considering a possible methodology for assessing the reputation of courts and judges, it is noted that it is not expressed in quantitative data. Shifting the emphasis in the evaluation of judicial activity to the study of efficiency will provide feedback to the judicial system with its "clients", will form additional motivation for judges to take care of their own reputation in the eyes of public opinion.
"We are returning...". Issues of pension provision in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation.
Authors: Timshina Ekaterina Leonidovna 
Published: April 2022

One of the main directions of the state's social policy is to support the elderly. In the Russian Federation, after the last pension reform of 2018, the issue of pension provision has become one of the main points of tension in the relationship between the state and society, which was reflected in the federal election campaign of 2021. The subject of study in this article is the proposals of political parties in the field of pension policy. The election programs of the parties in the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation were used as the object of the study. The author examines the attitude of the authors of pre-election programs to certain aspects of pension reform, including changes in the retirement age, the direction of further reforms, social protection of pensioners and pre-retirees, in addition, a comparison with the position of the parties in 2016 was made. The results of the study are based on the use of general scientific methods and principles of scientific knowledge, a systematic approach, comparative analysis and historical objectivity. Despite the continued significant interest of the population in the pension problem in 2021, which sharply increased after the retirement age was increased, the parties were unable to fully realize the potential of this issue. Speaking from critical positions, they focused on counter-reform, reducing most of the proposals to a return to the past, practically offering no innovations. Most of the statements on raising the level of pensions were clearly populist in nature and had no mechanism for their implementation. Regarding the 2016 elections, opposition parties have noticeably intensified criticism of the existing system and the Pension Fund of Russia. United Russia, on the other hand, distanced itself as much as possible from the pension reform, without touching on the latest changes in its election theses. It can be expected that in the next election cycle, the pension issue will retain the status of one of the central issues in the election campaign.
Depth effect on the prokaryotic community assemblage associated with sponges from different rocky reefs
Authors: González-Acosta Bárbara , Barraza Aarón , Guadarrama-Analco César , Hernández-Guerrero Claudia J. , Martínez-Díaz Sergio Francisco , Cardona-Félix César Salvador , Aguila-Ramírez Ruth Noemí 
Published: April 2022

Background
Sponge microbiomes are essential for the function and survival of their host and produce biologically active metabolites, therefore, they are ideal candidates for ecological, pharmacologic and clinical research. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed that many factors, including the environment and host, determine the composition and structure of these symbiotic communities but the controls of this variation are not well described. This study assessed the microbial communities associated with two marine sponges of the genera Aplysina (Nardo, 1834) and Ircinia (Nardo, 1833) in rocky reefs from Punta Arena de la Ventana (Gulf of California) and Pichilingue (La Paz Bay) in the coast of Baja California Sur, México to determine the relative importance of environment and host in structuring the microbiome of sponges.

Methods
Specimens of Aplysina sp were collected by scuba diving at 10 m and 2 m; Ircinia sp samples were collected at 2 m. DNA of sponge-associated prokaryotes was extracted from 1 cm3 of tissue, purified and sent for 16S amplicon sequencing. Primer trimmed pair-ended microbial 16S rDNA gene sequences were merged using Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) Paired-end Reads Assembler. Chao1, Shannon and Simpson (alpha) biodiversity indices were estimated, as well permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and Bray-Curtis distances.

Results
The most abundant phyla differed between hosts. Those phyla were: Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. In Ircinia sp the dominant phylum was Acidobacteria. Depth was the main factor influencing the microbial community, as analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed a significant difference between the microbial communities from different depths.

Conclusion
Microbial diversity analysis showed that depth was more important than host in structuring the Aplysina sp and Ircinia sp microbiome. This observation contrast with previous reports that the sponge microbiome is highly host specific.
Effect of Weed Management on Weed Growth, Performance, Profitability and Economics of Wheat in Transitional Plain of Luni Basin
Authors: Lal Bijarnia Arjun , Yadav P. C. , Godara A. S. , Saresh N. V. , Meena D. M. , Lal Boori Sohan 
Published: April 2022

A experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Keshwana, Jalore under arid climate conditions in Rabi season during 2018-19 with the object of effect of herbicide on weed, wheat growth, yield and economics. The data shows that the treatment 2,4 D @ 0.5 kg ha-1 at 35 DAS+ hand hoeing 45 DAS recorded lower dry matter of weeds at harvest (18.3 g), maximum growth, spike length (8.5 cm), No. of spikelet (17), No. of seeds per spike (54.7), seed yield (40.1 q) and Straw yield (59.1 q) of wheat, and at par with the treatment Metsulfuron 4 g ha-1 35 DAS + hand hoeing 45 DAS. The treatment 2,4 D @ 0.5 kg ha-1 at 35 DAS+ hand hoeing 45 DAS also produced the maximum gross return (Rs 117763 ), net return (Rs 70886 ) and B:C ratio (2.51).
Assessment of RBC Folate and Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Pakistani Women of Reproductive Age Group: An Approach towards Prevention of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Nazir Iram , Wadood Maeesa , Nazir Sadia , Rizwan Muhammad , Ayub Muhammad Adil , Nasir Syeda Shabana 
Published: April 2022

Background: Folate and Vitamin B12 are important micronutrients necessary for fetal growth and development. Deficiencies of these vitamins in women of reproductive age results in adverse pregnancy outcome.
Objective: To determine red blood cell folate and serum Vitamin B12 levels in apparently healthy women of reproductive age group.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Baqai medical university, Karachi. Apparently healthy volunteer women (N=196) between ages of 15 and 49 years residing in different areas of Karachi were selected after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cut off values for defining Vitamin B12 deficiency, marginal insufficiency and folate insufficiency were <203 pg/mL, 203-299 pg/mL, and <400 ng/mL, respectively. Analysis of red blood cell folate and serum vitamin B12 levels was done after complete blood count and peripheral smear morphology.
Results: The mean serum vitamin B12 and red blood cell folate levels were 233.69 ± 54.10 pg/mL and 540.34 ± 54.04 ng/mL. Percent values of Vitamin B12 deficiency and marginal insufficiency were 42% and 46%. All of the study participants had red blood cell folate levels >400 pg/mL. A significant negative association was present between age and serum vitamin B12 levels.
Conclusion: Low serum levels of vitamin B12 in women of reproductive age group can be considered an important etiologic factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes especially neural tube defects. The need is to asses pre-conceptional level of vitamin B12 and to implement public health program especially food fortification to improve vitamin B12 status.
Broad‐Band Visible‐Light Excitable Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Via Polymer Site‐Isolated Dye Aggregates
Authors: Nie Xiancheng , Du Jiajun , Huang Wenhuan , Wang Tao , Wang Xiao , Chen Biao , Zhang Xuepeng , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials are useful in optical imaging and sensing technologies. However, most organic phosphors, including red‐light emitting dyes, exhibit unusually large Stokes shifts, and require excitation with ultraviolet radiation, the high energy of which can induce substantial photo damage. Here a design concept of using dihydroxy‐functionalized naphthalenediimide (NDI, λabs < 400 nm) is demonstrated to initiate ring‐opening polymerizations of L‐lactide (PLA) and ε‐caprolactone (PCL), resulting in a linear polymer NDI‐PLA2/NDI‐PCL2. With the right combination of substituents, the design simultaneously realizes broadband visible light absorption (λabs = 450–650 nm) and near‐infrared RTP (λRTP = 700 nm) with millisecond‐long lifetimes. Polymer site isolations of the aggregation‐prone NDI phosphors may prevent aggregation‐caused quenching of RTP common in bulk, by forming various microscopic ground‐state aggregates, which exhibit triplet‐emitting states lower than that of the individual phosphor. The method can potentially be expanded onto other molecular RTP systems.
Multiposition Controllable Gate WS2/MoS2 Heterojunction Phototransistor and Its Applications in Optoelectronic Logic Operation and Emulation of Neurotransmission
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Wang Liming , Yang Maolong , Lin Dongdong , Wang Bo , Zhang Ningning , Jiang Zuimin , Liu Maliang , Zhu Zhangming , Hu Huiyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBetter control of the channel is crucial to improve the performance of existing electron devices. A phototransistor with a specifically designed dual‐gate structure based on a vertical van der Waals heterojunction of WS2 and MoS2 is proposed. The top gate modulates the carrier transport in WS2 at the top of the heterojunction, whereas the back gate can simultaneously control the carrier transport in both MoS2 and WS2 regions located on either side of the heterojunction. Therefore, the rectification ratio of the WS2/MoS2 heterojunction can be modified from approximately 1 to above 104. A very low subthreshold swing of 47 mV dec−1 is obtained. Optoelectronic characterization shows that the responsivity and detectivity are as high as 167.8 A W−1 and 5.8 × 1012 Jones at 532 nm, respectively, which are attributed to the combined modulation effect of the WS2/MoS2 heterojunction and additional homojunction in WS2. Moreover, a logic operation between electronic and optical signals can be performed by utilizing only one multiposition controllable gate phototransistor. In addition, the capability of this dual‐gate phototransistor to emulate information transmission in neuromorphic architectures is presented. These results demonstrate the potential of this approach for the development of next‐generation optoelectronic devices.
EU regulation of genetically modified microorganisms in light of new policy developments: Possible implications for EU bioeconomy investments
Authors: Wesseler Justus , Kleter Gijs , Meulenbroek Marthe , Purnhagen Kai P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany developments in the bioeconomy depend on the use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs). GMMs are used in bioreactors to convert biomass into food, feed, and energy products. The recent judgment by the Court of Justice of the European Union on gene editing technologies has affected the use of GMMs. A heated debate has started on whether and under what circumstances GMMs should be considered genetically modified organisms. This kind of decision is extremely relevant, as it will have a strong effect on the innovation of sustainable supply chains in the bioeconomy. The question has been raised as to whether the regulatory policies on GMMs can be justified from a sustainability perspective and, in particular, whether they do not endanger the European Green Deal, the flagship policy strategy of the new European Commission under Ursula von der Leyen. This contribution will first provide an overview of GMMs and their importance for the development of the bioeconomy, followed by a theoretical framework for assessing investments in GMMs. The third part of the article includes a discussion of four scenarios for regulating GMMs in the future, derived from the EU legal environment. The potential implications of the scenarios are assessed by linking them with the benefits and costs of investments in GMMs, following a modified version of the model presented in Purnhagen and Wesseler (2019). The results show that reforms based on the current EU legal environment do not look very promising to further support the use of GMMs. This has important implications for reaching the objectives of the Green Deal, as more radical legal changes are needed for the success of the initiative.
Strategic planning oriented to circular business models: A decision framework to promote sustainable development
Authors: Puglieri Fabio Neves , Salvador Rodrigo , Romero‐Hernandez Omar , Escrivão Filho Edmundo , Piekarski Cassiano Moro , de Francisco Antonio Carlos , Ometto Aldo Roberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCircular economy principles are usually dissociated from strategic planning practices, and there seems to be no guidance on how to decide on competitive strategies to establish circular business models. Therefore, this article aimed to propose a strategic planning decision framework oriented to circular business models (SPDF‐CBM) and test it by conducting a case study of a Brazilian company from the cosmetic sector. The SPDF‐CBM framework comprises five stages: (A) circular trends analysis; (B) circular vision and goals definition; (C) current circular business status; (D) competitive strategy for a circular economy definition; and (E) competitive strategies for a circular economy prioritization. Based on a number of tools to assist going through Stages A, B, and C, businesses get to know their current circular status and define their desired future state. In Stages D and E, businesses define their competitive strategy and spot circular business models (and strategies) they can pursue. After testing the proposed framework in a Brazilian startup from the cosmetic sector, results from SPDF‐CBM suggested that the startup pursues a competitive strategy based on differentiation and a CBM aimed at promoting renewable options. It was also pointed out that other CBMs in decreasing degree of fit with the business were maximizing material and energy efficiency, extending resource value and product life, pursuing sufficiency, and delivering functionality rather than ownership. By using the SPDF‐CBM framework, organizations can increase both their competitiveness and circularity at the same time.
Ex vivo anchored PD‐L1 functionally prevent in vivo renal allograft rejection
Authors: Luo Zihuan , Liao Tao , Zhang Yannan , Zheng Haofeng , Sun Qipeng , Han Fei , Ma Maolin , Ye Yongrong , Sun Qiquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrgan transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end‐stage diseases. T cell activation is a major contributing factor toward the trigger of rejection. Induction therapy with T cell depleting agent is a common option but increases the risk of severe systemic infections. The ideal therapy should precisely target the allograft. Here, we developed a membrane‐anchored‐protein PD‐L1 (map‐PD‐L1), which effectively anchored onto the surface of rat glomerular endothelial cells (rgEC). The expression of PD‐L1 increased directly with map‐PD‐L1 concentration and incubation time. Moreover, map‐PD‐L1 was even stably anchored to rgEC at low temperature. Map‐PD‐L1 could bind to PD‐1 and significantly promote T cell apoptosis and inhibited T cell activation. Using kidney transplantation models, we found that ex vivo perfusion of donor kidneys with map‐PD‐L1 significantly protected grafts against acute injury without using any immunosuppressant. We found map‐PD‐L1 could reduce T cell graft infiltration and increase intragraft Treg infiltration, suggesting a long‐term effect in allograft protection. More importantly, modifying donor organs in vitro was not only safe, but also significantly reduced the side effects of systemic application. Our results suggested that ex vivo perfusion of donor organ with map‐PD‐L1 might provide a viable clinical option for organ‐targeted induction therapy in organ transplantation.
Full color 3D printing of anatomical models
Authors: Tan Liwen , Wang Zengtao , Jiang Hongxin , Han Bing , Tang Jing , Kang Chengfeng , Zhang Na , Xu Yifa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose an effective method for manufacturing human anatomical specimens in response to the shortage of cadaver specimens and the poor simulation results of anatomical specimen substitutes. Digital human data with high precision were used to create digital models and corresponding mapped textures. Different materials were chosen to print the digital models with full‐color and multimaterial 3D‐printing technology based on the histological characteristics of the anatomical structures. Anatomy experts and surgeons were then invited to compare the 3D printed models with authentic anatomical specimens in terms of morphological appearance, anatomical detail, and textural properties. The skull, brain, hand muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the hand, and the deep structure of the head and face were printed. The skull model used hard material, and the brain and hand muscles models used flexible and hard materials combined. The blood vessels, nerves of the hand, and the superficial and deep structure of the head and face used transparent materials, revealing the small vessels and nerves in the interior. In all the models, there were no significant differences from anatomical specimens in morphological appearance and anatomical detail. They also affected vision and touch in the same way as authentic specimens in the textural properties of color, roughness, smoothness, and fineness. Full‐color and multi‐material 3D printed anatomical models have the same visual and tactile properties as anatomical specimens and could serve to complement or supplement them in anatomy teaching to compensate for the shortage of cadavers.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism influence on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Pękala Przemysław A. , Jasińska Małgorzata , Taterra Dominik , Skoczen Katelyn M. , Jarosz Agata , Konopka Tomasz , Loukas Marios , Walocha Jerzy A. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. , Lis Grzegorz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a multifaceted pathology that is the main morphological cause of lower back pain. This study aimed to determine the link between the vitamin D receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and degenerative processes of the lumbar spine. The complete lumbar spinal columns were collected from 100 Caucasian cadavers via ventral dissection. The specimens for the histological analysis were harvested from the L5/S1 IVDs and endplates. Then, the tissues were cut into slices, inserted into paraffin blocks, and stained. The histology was evaluated according to the Boos' protocol. Moreover, TaqI(rs731236), FokI(rs2228570), and ApaI(rs7975232) genotyping were performed. Lastly, the histological scores for different genotypes were analyzed. The overall Boos' score in the study group was 12.49. It consisted of a mean IVD score of 7.46 and endplate score of 5.39. The determination of the SNPs was successful in 99 specimens and had a distribution of all alleles in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No significant differences in overall histological degeneration scores were found between samples from donors with different genotypes. However, in subgroup analysis of specific regions on the IVD, the significant difference was found in posterior inner anulus fibrosus for ApaI. The results of this study suggest that one must be careful when interpreting the results of the clinical and/or radiological studies on vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and lumbar spine degeneration risk, because such a relationship, if present, is likely to be very subtle.