bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intelligent robust cascaded control scheme for renewable energy based microgrid
Authors: T Vigneysh , Velamuri Suresh , Kantipudi MVV Prasad , Viriyasitavat Wattana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHandling the uncertainties in the utility grid and uncertainties in renewable energy sources is a main challenge to accomplish the modern grid code requirements. This article proposes a new control strategy based on interval type‐2 fuzzy sets for controlling the grid‐connected dispersed generation (DG) system tied to the distorted electric grid. The proposed control technique can easily model and handle the uncertainties in the system parameters and renewable energy sources. The existence of three‐dimensional membership functions of type‐2 fuzzy sets offers an additional degree of freedom to counter the uncertainties in the system. The proposed strategy is effective in improving the dynamic response during system uncertainties such as distortions in grid voltage, variations in grid frequency, variations in renewable energy sources and due to presence of non‐linear and unbalanced loads. Also, it improves the quality of the current being injected to the grid during uncertainties. The proposed control strategy is applied to control the dc side capacitor voltage as well as to control the current loop of the grid connected inverter. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB Simulink environment and the performance is compared with traditional controllers to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy during system abnormalities.
Quality of life in a large multinational haemophilia B cohort (The B‐Natural study) – Unmet needs remain
Authors: Berntorp Erik , LeBeau Petra , Ragni Margaret V. , Borhany Munira , Abajas Yasmina L. , Tarantino Michael D. , Holstein Katharina , Croteau Stacy E. , Liesner Raina , Tarango Cristina , Carvalho Manuela , McGuinn Catherine , Funding Eva , Kempton Christine L. , Bidlingmaier Christoph , Cohen Alice , Oldenburg Johannes , Kearney Susan , Knoll Christine , Kuriakose Philip , Acharya Suchitra , Reiss Ulrike M. , Kulkarni Roshni , Witkop Michelle , Lethagen Stefan , Krouse Rebecca , Shapiro Amy D. , Astermark Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe B‐Natural study is a multicentre, multinational, observational study of haemophilia B (HB) designed to increase understanding of clinical manifestations, treatment and quality of life (QoL).AimTo characterise and compare QoL in HB across disease severity groups and individuals with inhibitors to identify gaps in treatment.MethodsA total of 224 individuals from 107 families were enrolled from a total of 24 centres in North America (n = 16), Europe (n = 7) and Asia (n = 1). Of these, 68 (30.4%) subjects had severe (<1 IU/dL), median age 15.6 years, 114 (50.9%) moderate (1–5 IU/dL), age 13.3 years, and 42 (18.8%) mild (>5–< 40 IU/dL), age 12.1 years, disease. Twenty‐nine participants had inhibitors or a history of inhibitors. Three versions of the EQ‐5D instrument were used as a measure of QoL: proxy (ages 4–7), youth (ages 8–15) and self (age 16+). Each instrument included a visual analogue scale ranging from 100 (best health) to 0 (worst health) to assess current day's health (EQ VAS). Range‐of‐motion (ROM) for elbows, knees and ankles was assessed using a four‐point scale, from which a composite score was calculated.ResultsIn all severity groups, a proportion of subjects showed less than optimal QoL. The majority of the mild and moderate severe participants reported a normal EQ‐5D health profile (79% and 72%, respectively), whereas about half (47%) of the severe participants and only 13% of the inhibitor participants reported this profile.ConclusionThe B‐Natural study reveals impacted QoL in all disease severities of HB including those with inhibitors. Unmet needs remain and include nonsevere HB.
Muscle thickness and pennation angle in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A after resistance and combined training: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parhampour Behrouz , Alizadeh Vahid , Torkaman Giti , Ravanbod Roya , Bagheri Rasoul , Vasaghi‐Gharamaleki Behnoosh , Dadgoo Mehdi , Mohsenipour Seyed Mehdi , Sadat Zohreh Alsadat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMuscular atrophy and overweightness develop arthropathy in persons with haemophilia (PWH), and exercise increases their muscle strength and decreases their body weight. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography may be a non‐invasive, safe, valid, and reliable tool to investigate muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA) after exercise training.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) and combined resistance and aerobic training (CT) on MT and PA in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A.Materials and methodsForty‐two persons with moderate haemophilia A with a mean age of 35–55 years and a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to three groups of 14, namely RT, CT, and control. The RT group performed 40 minutes of RT, and the CT group performed 20 min of RT and 20 min of aerobic training. The PA and MT of the biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were measured before and after the intervention using B‐mode ultrasonography.ResultsSignificant increases were observed in the MT of VM, VL, MG, BB, and TB and PA of VM, VL, and MG in the RT and CT groups compared to the control group (p < .001). No significant differences were observed between the intervention groups.ConclusionBoth RT and CT were effective in enhancing MT and PA in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A.
Taxonomic scale and community organization impact observed latitudinal gradients of parasite diversity
Authors: Preisser Whitney C. , Castellanos Adrian A. , Kinsella John M. , Vargas Ronald , Gonzalez Eugenio , Fernández Jesús A. , Dronen Norman O. , Lawing A. Michelle , Light Jessica E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWhile most free‐living taxa follow the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), or the trend of higher diversity at lower latitudes, we know little about how the diversity of parasitic taxa is distributed across latitudes. To better understand the macroecological patterns of parasite diversity, we sought to determine whether (1) helminths follow the traditional LDG; (2) taxonomic resolution impacts observed patterns; (3) latitudinal patterns are consistent across levels of community organization and (4) helminth diversity is correlated with climate‐ and host‐associated variables.LocationSan Juan de Peñas Blancas, Costa Rica; Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico; College Station, Texas, USA; Brownsville, Nebraska, USA; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Churchill, Manitoba, CanadaTaxonRodentia: Cricetidae; Nematoda; PlatyhelminthesMethodsWe sampled parasites from hosts at field sites set approximately every 10° in latitude. We evaluated the relationships between parasite species richness (of all helminths as well as nematodes, cestodes and trematodes separately) and latitude, climate, and host mass at two levels of parasite community organization, the infracommunity and the component community, using generalized additive models.ResultsTotal helminth richness was significantly correlated with latitude, but the relationship was nonlinear. Nematode, cestode and trematode diversity were also significantly correlated with latitude, but the relationship differed between the levels of community organization and among the taxonomic groups. Climate‐ and host‐associated variables were significantly correlated with different parasite taxa, although the strength and size of the correlations varied among the groups.Main conclusionsThere are complex associations between parasite richness and latitude, climate, and host traits, and community organization and taxonomic grouping affected the observed relationships. Climate has been implicated as an important factor in shaping LDG patterns and may similarly influence helminth diversity patterns. Overall, this work provides further support and exceptions to the LDG and stresses the importance of considering scale in ecological investigations.
WRKY33‐mediated indolic glucosinolate metabolic pathway confers resistance against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis and Brassica crops
Authors: Tao Han , Miao Huiying , Chen Lili , Wang Mengyu , Xia Chuchu , Zeng Wei , Sun Bo , Zhang Fen , Zhang Shuqun , Li Chuanyou , Wang Qiaomei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tryptophan (Trp)‐derived plant secondary metabolites, including camalexin, 4‐hydroxy‐indole‐3‐carbonylnitrile, and indolic glucosinolate (IGS), show broad‐spectrum antifungal activity. However, the distinct regulations of these metabolic pathways among different plant species in response to fungus infection are rarely studied. In this study, our results revealed that WRKY33 directly regulates IGS biosynthesis, notably the production of 4‐methoxyindole‐3‐ylmethyl glucosinolate (4MI3G), conferring resistance to Alternaria brassicicola, an important pathogen which causes black spot in Brassica crops. WRKY33 directly activates the expression of CYP81F2, IGMT1, and IGMT2 to drive side‐chain modification of indole‐3‐ylmethyl glucosinolate (I3G) to 4MI3G, in both Arabidopsis and Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). However, Chinese kale showed a more severe symptom than Arabidopsis when infected by Alternaria brassicicola. Comparative analyses of the origin and evolution of Trp metabolism indicate that the loss of camalexin biosynthesis in Brassica crops during evolution might attenuate the resistance of crops to Alternaria brassicicola. As a result, the IGS metabolic pathway mediated by WRKY33 becomes essential for Chinese kale to deter Alternaria brassicicola. Our results highlight the differential regulation of Trp‐derived camalexin and IGS biosynthetic pathways in plant immunity between Arabidopsis and Brassica crops.
Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1‐mediated defective mitophagy contributes to painful diabetic neuropathy in the db/db model
Authors: Yuan Pengfei , Song Fuhu , Zhu Pian , Fan Keke , Liao Qinming , Huang Lijin , Liu Zhongjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is involved in the pathological process of diabetes. Mitophagy is widely acknowledged to be a key regulatory process in maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis via lysosome degradation of damaged mitochondria. However, the regulatory role of PARP1 in mitophagy‐related mitochondrial oxidative injury and progression of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is unclear. In this study, we studied the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of PARP1‐mediated mitophagy blockade in a leptin gene‐mutation (db/db) mouse model of PDN. Db/db mice models of PDN were established by assessing the sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The results showed that PARP1 activity and mitochondrial injury of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were increased, and mitophagy was impaired in PDN mice. PARP1 was found to mediate the impairment of mitophagy in DRG neurons isolated from PDN mice. PARP1 inhibitors (PJ34 or AG14361) attenuated diabetes‐induced peripheral nerve hyperalgesia, restored DRG neuron mitophagy function and decreased mitochondrial oxidative injury. Mitophagy impairment induced by lysosome deacidificant (DC661) aggravated diabetes‐induced DRG neuron mitochondrial oxidative stress and injury. Taken together, our data revealed that PARP1‐induced defective mitophagy of DRG neurons is a key mechanism in diabetes‐induced peripheral neuropathic injury. Inhibition of PARP1 and restoration of mitophagy function are potential therapeutic targets for PDN.image
Carbapenem prescribing at a veterinary teaching hospital before an outbreak of carbapenem‐resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Cole S. D. , Perez‐Bonilla D. , Hallowell A. , Redding L. E. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesCarbapenems are a critically important class of antimicrobials used to treat infections caused by multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria. Following an outbreak of a carbapenemase (NDM‐5)‐producing strain of Escherichia coli at our veterinary institution, we opted to describe the use of carbapenems in our institution and the role that drug contraindications in patients may have played when culture and susceptibility testing identified alternative drug options.Materials and MethodsMedical record reviews of all cases where a carbapenem was prescribed were performed, and indications for use, timing of prescribing relative to culture and susceptibility reports, and alternative possible antimicrobial treatments were extracted. Contraindications to alternative antimicrobials were also documented.ResultsCarbapenems were prescribed infrequently: from 2013 to 2018, they accounted for 0.47% of all antimicrobial prescriptions and were administered to 108 of 56,776 (0.2%) patients seen at our institution. They were prescribed empirically in slightly more than half of the patients (57.6%). Among cases where a carbapenem was prescribed after culture and susceptibility results were available, alternative antimicrobials could have been used in 68.3% of cases.Clinical SignificanceVariability in use of these drugs within an institution highlights the need to develop well‐defined use guidelines, including when to use these drugs empirically and how to safely de‐escalate or choose alternative drugs guided by culture and susceptibility results.
Recursive Debility: Symptoms, Patient Activism, and the Incomplete Medicalization of ME/CFS
Authors: Rogers Emily Lim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the contestation of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Lacking consistent diagnostic definitions, agreed‐on biological indicators, or approved treatments, ME/CFS is an incompletely medicalized condition. It is defined by intractable and debilitating exhaustion after any form of exertion. Through an ethnographic exploration of an American ME/CFS patient activist group, I develop the concept of “recursive debility.” Symptoms form the very basis for disease activist groupings in the absence of biomarkers, but they also present a significant barrier to traditional forms of activism. Ironically, then, debilitation blocks the means through which debilitation might end. Patients contest systems of knowledge but always in bodies that experience exhaustion without end. This article presents a disability studies intervention in suggesting that the recursivity of debility demonstrates the profound interdependence of the bodily aspects of impairment and the sociopolitical aspects of disability.[ME/CFS, chronic illness, medicalization, symptoms, debility]
Safeguarding fairness in assessments—How teachers develop joint practices
Authors: Barman Linda , McGrath Cormac , Josephsson Staffan , Silén Charlotte , Bolander Laksov Klara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn light of reforms demanding increased transparency of student performance assessments, this study offers an in‐depth perspective of how teachers develop their assessment practice. Much is known about factors that influence assessments, and different solutions claim to improve the validity and reliability of assessments of students' clinical competency. However, little is known about how teachers go about improving their assessment practices. This study aims to contribute empirical findings about how teachers' assessment practice may change when shared criteria for assessing students' clinical competency are developed and implemented.MethodsUsing a narrative‐in‐action research approach grounded in narrative theory about human sense‐making, one group including nine health professions teachers was studied over a period of 1 year. Drawing upon data from observations, interviews, formal documents and written reflections from these teachers, we performed a narrative analysis to reveal how these teachers made sense of experiences associated with the development and implementation of joint grading criteria for assessing students' clinical performances.ResultsThe findings present a narrative showing how a shared assessment practice took years to develop and was based on the teachers changed approach to scrutiny. The teachers became highly motivated to use grading criteria to ensure fairness in assessments, but more importantly, to fulfil their moral obligation towards patients. The narrative also demonstrates how these teachers reasoned about dilemmas that arose when they applied standardised assessment criteria.DiscussionThe narrative analysis shows clearly how teachers' development and application of assessment standards are embedded in local practices. Our findings highlight the importance of teachers' joint discussions on how to interpret criteria applied in formative and summative assessments of students' performances. In particular, teachers' different approaches to assessing ‘pieces of skills’ versus making holistic judgements on students' performances, regardless of whether the grading criteria are clear and well‐articulated on paper, should be acknowledged. Understanding the journey that these teachers made gives new perspectives as to how faculty can be supported when assessments of professionalism and clinical competency are developed.
Does group size matter during collaborative skills learning? A randomised study
Authors: Noerholk Laerke Marijke , Morcke Anne Mette , Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Nørgaard Lone N. , Harmsen Lotte , Andreasen Lisbeth Anita , Pedersen Nina Gros , Johnsson Vilma , Vamadevan Anishan , Tolsgaard Martin Grønnebæk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCollaborative skills learning in the form of dyad learning compared with individual learning has been shown to lead to non‐inferior skills retention and transfer. However, we have limited knowledge on which learning activities improve collaborative skills training and how the number of collaborators may impact skills transfer. We explored the effects of skills training individually, in dyads, triads or tetrads on learning activities during training and on subsequent skills transfer.MethodsIn a randomised, controlled study, participants completed a pre‐post‐transfer‐test set‐up in groups of one to four. Participants completed 2 hours of obstetric ultrasound training. In the dyad, triad and tetrad group participants took turns actively handling the ultrasound probe. All performances were rated by two blinded experts using the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS) scale and a Global Rating Scale (GRS). All training was video recorded, and learning activities were analysed using the Interactive‐Constructive‐Active‐Passive (ICAP) framework.ResultsOne hundred one participants completed the simulation‐based training, and ninety‐seven completed the transfer test. Performance scores improved significantly from pre‐ to post‐test for all groups (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.55). However, group size did not affect transfer test performance on OSAUS scores (p = 0.13, ηp2 = 0.06) or GRS scores (p = 0.23, ηp2 = 0.05). ICAP analyses of training activities showed that time spent on non‐learning and passive learning activities increased with group size (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.31), whereas time spent on constructive and interactive learning activities was constant between groups compared with singles (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.72).ConclusionCollaborative skills learning in groups of up to four did not impair skills transfer despite less hands‐on time. This may be explained by a compensatory shift towards constructive and interactive learning activities that outweigh the effect of shorter hands‐on time.
Making prospective entrustment decisions: Knowing limits, seeking help and defaulting
Authors: Schumacher Daniel J. , Michelson Catherine , Winn Ariel S. , Turner David A. , Elshoff Ethan , Kinnear Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany studies focused on entrustment have not considered prospective entrustment decisions, where clinical competency and entrustment committees determine how much supervision trainees will require in the future for tasks occurring in not completely known contexts. The authors sought to explore factors that influence and determine prospective entrustment decisions made by members of such committees in graduate medical education (GME) and undergraduate medical education (UME).MethodsThe authors conducted a constructivist grounded theory study with 23 faculty participants from GME and UME clinical competency and entrustment committees in the United States between October 2020 and March 2021. Interviews sought to explore factors and considerations participants weigh in making prospective entrustment decisions about trainees. Data collection and analysis occurred in an iterative fashion, ensuring constant comparison. Theoretical sampling was used to confirm, disconfirm and elaborate on the evolving results.ResultsTrainees' ability to know limits and seek help is the foundation of participants' prospective entrustment decision making. Most participants, however, describe a presumption of trainee readiness to progress and describe commonly making default prospective entrustment decisions unless ‘red flags’ in performance are present. Although participants desire sufficient and trusted data about trainee performance to inform decisions, they often lack it. Finally, the perceived permanence and consequences of prospective entrustment decisions influence how participants weigh other factors contributing to prospective entrustment decisions.ConclusionTrainees' ability to know limits and seek help appears to be the foundation of prospective entrustment decision making. Training programmes should strive to collect and employ robust data supporting and questioning the presence of these attributes.
A jacalin‐like lectin domain‐containing protein of Sclerospora graminicola acts as an apoplastic virulence effector in plant–oomycete interactions
Authors: Kobayashi Michie , Utsushi Hiroe , Fujisaki Koki , Takeda Takumi , Yamashita Tetsuro , Terauchi Ryohei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe plant extracellular space, including the apoplast and plasma membrane, is the initial site of plant–pathogen interactions. Pathogens deliver numerous secreted proteins, called effectors, into this region to suppress plant immunity and establish infection. Downy mildew caused by the oomycete pathogen Sclerospora graminicola (Sg) is an economically important disease of Poaceae crops including foxtail millet (Setaria italica). We previously reported the genome sequence of Sg and showed that the jacalin‐related lectin (JRL) gene family has significantly expanded in this lineage. However, the biological functions of JRL proteins remained unknown. Here, we show that JRL from Sg (SgJRL) functions as an apoplastic virulence effector. We identified eight SgJRLs by protein mass spectrometry analysis of extracellular fluid from Sg‐inoculated foxtail millet leaves. SgJRLs consist of a jacalin‐like lectin domain and an N‐terminal putative secretion signal; SgJRL expression is induced by Sg infection. Heterologous expression of three SgJRLs with N‐terminal secretion signal peptides in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the virulence of the pathogen Phytophthora palmivora inoculated onto the same leaves. Of the three SgJRLs, SG06536 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized to the apoplastic space in N. benthamiana leaves. INF1‐mediated induction of defence‐related genes was suppressed by co‐expression of SG06536‐GFP. These findings suggest that JRLs are novel apoplastic effectors that contribute to pathogenicity by suppressing plant defence responses.