bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power loss mitigation and voltage profile improvement by optimizing distributed generation
Authors: Syed Nasir S N , Othman A F , Ayop R , Jamian J J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a developing country, electricity has become the necessity of the growth industries; thus, the distribution system power quality and reliability are crucial. With low carbon initiatives, renewable energy or distributed generation (DG) is a promising source of electricity and leads the complex distribution system. Vital rises in DGs in power grids will significantly impact the system reliability and security, especially in power losses and voltage profiles parameters. This research focuses on an optimization placement and size of DGs in distribution systems to minimize power loss and improve voltage profile using the Modified Lightning Search Algorithm (MLSA). This research has modelled the practical 69-bus radial distribution system. Then MLSA with a weight summation approach is used to identify the suitable location and size for the DGs in the design proposal stage. The optimization objectives are to reduce power losses and improve the voltage profile, especially at the connection point of DGs. Besides that, load profile, DGs constant load and the solar load in distribution system modelled using MATLAB software. The results of the simulation using MLSA indicated that the optimization allocation and sizes of solar DGs applied with current load and load changes can minimize the power losses and improve voltage profile. These results verify the proposed approach’s effectiveness and success in determining the optimal location and sizing of solar DGs to reduce power losses as well as improve voltage profiles.
Investigation of water recovery from sewage using solar thermal technology
Authors: Easwaramoorthi M , Manibarathi B , Mathesan R , Mithiran M , Rajesh R , Sivakumar T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The availability of potable water for human use, agriculture, and industrial usage is a major challenge both in undeveloped and developing countries. Water, like food and air, is considered essential for human survival, and the majority of people rely on untreated water from rivers, lakes, and groundwater reservoirs. Oceans are the only place where enormous amount of water is found and desalination of the water is needed because they consists high levels of salt. But, the increase in population, urbanization and industrialization resulted in higher release of sewage and industrial effluents into water bodies and subsequent water pollution. It results in a scarcity of pure water in many towns and villages, despite their proximity to lakes and rivers. Water scarcity is anticipated to worsen in the next years, with the majority of the world’s population experiencing it in the near future. Potable water is essential not just for survival, but also for industrial and agricultural processes. Physical, chemical, and biological processes are normally used to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce pure water. In this context, an attempt is made in this paper to use the concept of solar still for sewage treatment. The experimental setup was created to examine the performance of a solar still with an evaporator and condenser. The results revealed that combining a heater and a condenser with a pyramid solar system enhanced solar still production by 4 to 8 l/Sq.m/day when using saline water, 4 to 7 l/Sq.m/day when using sewage water, and 3 to 6 l/Sq.m/day when using effluent water.
Optical Efficiency Improvement of Chip-on-Board Design LEDs with TiO2/Silicone Packaging Coating
Authors: Hung Khanh Nguyen , Le Phan Xuan , Lee Hsiao-Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince TiO2nanoparticles and silicon composites include a strong scatter influence, they are well-known for improving scattered lighting in LED packets. To improve the optic quality of LEDs packaged with chip-on-board (COB), a thin layer made of high-concentration TiO2and silicon glue is added to the primary packing layer. COB LEDs’ light extraction efficiency (LEE) rises up to 65% when the key encapsulation includes just silicone, according to the findings of experiments. As a coating of TiO2and silicone is added, however, the increase in LEE is dependent on the TiO2concentration. The LEE can be increased from 6% to 24% as the concentration of nanoparticles drops to 0.035 g/cm3. Furthermore, at a mean correlated color temperature (CCT) of around 8500 K, the TiO2/silicone compounds layer will assist in lowering the angular correlated color temperature (CCT) variance between 900 and 470 K within the -90° to 90° observing angle range.
Active High Transmitter-receiver energy model for heterogeneous energy optimisation in a pipeline network
Authors: Subramaniam S K , Feroz F S , Ibrahim A F T , Panessai I Y , Sujatha R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A network energy management and optimisation are frequently associated to the network lifetime (maximum operation of nodes in a network) that is contributed by heterogeneous energy consumption pattern among nodes arranged in a pipeline layout. This scenario becomes even more critical in a remote monitoring application of an oil and gas pipeline network where a series of sensing points (commonly battery powered wireless nodes) are needed to communicate the measurements to a centralised monitoring station. This paper introduces the Active High Transmitter-receiver energy model (AHiT) which was designed as an adaptive sleep/wake for sensor nodes to optimise energy consumption in the long run. Implementing AHiT energy model on sensor nodes improves the energy consumption based on data transfer activity in a multi-hop pipeline layout wireless sensor network (WSN). In this research, the proposed AHiT energy model optimises node energy by the demand that is unlike to the conventional sleep and wake energy model that is operated on a predefined scheduling scheme that accommodates the data traffic pattern in a network. Generally, in a pipeline network where sensor nodes connectivity is considered critical among neighbouring nodes to support data transfer from one end to the other end of a network. Simulations results in NS2 has indicated node energy consumption is approximately 60% with extended network lifetime around 30% subjected to the data traffic pattern as compared to the conventional energy model.
Homogenization of Green SiO2 from Rice Husk Burn through Potassium Hydroxide Solid-Liquid Extraction
Authors: Anggraini Lydia , Hendriawan Rivaldo Agung , Anggraina Putri Laila , Hakiki Rijal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the agricultural countries, rice husk is an abundant waste, especially as one of the largest sources of silica (SiO2) production that can be produced. By complete combustion, to about 87% - 97% SiO2 content can be produced from rice husks. Alkaline solution is used as a solvent in the solid-liquid extraction process of rice husk ash. The mass of 10 grams of rice husk ash was weighed for the extraction process added with 80 ml of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution with 10%, 15% and 20% various concentration for 60 minutes to extract the SiO2 content. The solution was added with 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution to precipitate the SiO2, after the extraction process was complete. The SiO2 formed is then separated from the rest of the solution by filtration. Next step is the drying process which aims to remove the moisture content of the resulting SiO2. In a systematic study, for 60 minutes the rice husks were soaked and washed using HCl and then heated in a muffle furnace. The results of this study showed that all samples are succeeded in homogenizing SiO2 with a purity close to 90%. Furthermore, through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis was proven these results obtained through solid-liquid extraction of KOH from rice husks. Green SiO2, known as biosilica, is useful and has potential in reinforcing compounds, including applications as filler in tires and natural rubber compounds.
Parameter Estimation of DC Motor using Multiparametric Programming
Authors: Ali A N , Che Mid E , Ahamad N B , Ruslan E , Hadi D A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parameter estimation is important in aspects for applied in many process models in control system design, chemistry, and other engineering application for expectation models of statistical observation. The focus of this work is on a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODEs) system which is a direct current (DC) motor model to estimate the model parameters using multiparametric programming. In this work, the ODE model is discretized by implementing Euler’s method to obtain the algebraic equation. The model parameters of the DC motor will be derived as an explicit function of measurements to estimate the parameter values. The applicability of the proposed method and accuracy of parameter estimation is demonstrated.
LPG Mass Monitoring Scale with Automatic Gas Leakage Detector System
Authors: Mohd Noor N N , Lee M F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A crucial requirement used in everyday human life is the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or, more generally, cooking gas. However, problems arise for LPG users when the cooking process is disrupted due to running out of cooking gas without them realized that the volume of gas has reached a critical level. In addition, gas leaks may also occur which can cause the house fire. Therefore, this study aims to develop a product that can monitor the remaining volume of cooking gas content in a gas cylinder using a load sensor. The LPG weight value is through LCD display and LED from three different levels, which is green (full), yellow (medium), and red (critical) where it receives programming instructions from Arduino Uno. The product also performs a function of gas leak detector by using the MQ-2 gas sensor and the user will receive a notification warning about the gas leak via buzzer and SMS sent by ESP32. The development process for monitoring scale and gas leakage detector for liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is based on the adapted from the Engineering Design Process Model (EDP), which consists of five phases, namely identify the problem, gather information, select the best solution, develop model, testing and evaluation. The results show that the developed product able to functioning well. However, in terms of product design there is still room for improvement especially for the size of the product and the gas sensor position to make it more user friendly.
Development of Vision Based Smart Gripper for Material Handling Using Internet of Things
Authors: Ali H , Zainur M I , Elshaikh M , Aman AH Mohd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Robotic grippers have becoming an emerging trend due to their boundless applications in industrial automation. Nowadays, the deployment of vision based smart gripper for material handling in industrial applications remains challenging and ongoing research. As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more commercialized, the various concept of IoT have been integrated with the gripper due to efficient usage. Therefore, this project proposes the development of vision-based sensor of smart gripper for material handling in industrial applications that integrates with the IoT. The rationale of integrating IoT to vision based smart gripper is that it allows authenticated users to log in from any device, anywhere, and view video or images from vision based smart gripper in real-time for critical material handling. This system incorporates a vision sensor camera that acts as an “eye” to automatically detect and recognize the object with different weights and shapes and send the information to the robot for the next task. This smart gripper adopts a force sensor mounted into the fingertip to control the force applied when working with a wide range of objects with different weights. As for the electronic system, power module, communication and control module, sensor and actuator as well as user interface module have been adopted and integrated into the system. In the software development system, user interface configuration was developed through mobile application in which it communicates with Raspberry Pi B+ camera to serve as IoT platform. A series of experiments shows that the vision based gripper using IoT able to detect and recognize the objects and then send the information/command directly to the robot to execute grasping and lifting phase of the object to the desired location that has been assigned.
Digital Tools Approach Based On ‘Gerun’ And Online Partial Discharge Monitoring Project To Resolve Alternator’s Failure
Authors: Rahman Azwanizam b Che Abdul , Tahir Mohd Rahmat , Hamdan Kamarul Bahraini M , Halim Mohd Helmi , Isa Muzamir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is no online monitoring system and digital tools to monitor generator gas turbine healthiness led to generator failure caused un-planned outages resulted power import and penalty chargers. Maintenance program for generator is based on time-based method. Since 2016 to 2020, Asset Team spent millions of ringgit Malaysia for generator rectification and incurred power import cost due to the failure. To overcome the tripping issues, Generator Health Monitoring System was initiated as a research/pilot project as tools to monitor healthiness of Gas Turbine Generator. This project was categorized as digital transformation initiative (Revolution 4.0) as to enable online monitoring & performing diagnostic & prescriptive. The initiative consisted of 2 main pillars which are Generator Rotor Unhealthiness Notification (GERUN) and Online Partial Discharge Monitoring System (PD ONLINE). The aim of this paper is to share the experience in monitoring, economical way, diagnosis, condition evaluation, and possibility of predicting the performance of the generator. The methodology of the Generator Healthiness is to monitor the real time performance of the generator during running condition through rotor thermal losses, ratio of excitation current over the real output power and stator partial discharge pattern. This real time monitoring can improve the maintenance strategy and planning. As a result, plant’s OEE can be increased, reduce the MTBF and more importantly the repair cost. The parameters have been introduced to prevent the generator sudden failure event and bridge the gap condition monitoring especially on the generator part. Arriving to the objective, this project was categorized as digital transformation initiative (Revolution 4.0) as to enable online monitoring & performing diagnostic & prescriptive. The initiative consisted of 2 main pillars which are Generator Rotor Unhealthiness Notification (GERUN) and Online Partial Discharge monitoring system (PD ONLINE) project. Diagnose & prescriptive and provide asset owners with insights on alternator’s health, subsequently prevent unforeseen failure in real time and prescribe operational mitigations to prolong alternator’s life. Recommends targeted test and maintenance (3rd level maintenance predictive) addressing the exact health issue of the alternator value creation & cost saving by eliminating tripping, scope reduction for major inspection, non-dependable on FSR, internal troubleshooting and etc. The system has been implemented across gas processing and utilities Petronas Gas Berhad for 14 units of gas turbine generator. In view of the success implementation, this digital tool will be duplicate to others Petronas Operating Unit.
AC Power Flow Analysis for Inverters in Microgrid Application
Authors: Roslan M A , Azmi S A , Ahmed K H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a microgrid system, proper current distribution and load sharing strategies are essential to achieve reliable parallel operation. Line impedance is an important factor when implementing a control technique for an inverter for microgrid operation, whether it is operating in grid connected or island mode. It is sometime difficult to visualize the impact of different line impedance to the power flow in AC microgrid. In this paper, AC power flow of an inverter-based system connected to a common ac bus through purely resistive, inductive or complex line impedances is investigated. For each line impedance case, the effect of an inverter’s output voltage power angle and amplitude on the active and reactive power flow are studied. Several active and reactive powers plots are generated in 3D surf plots to visualize the impact of line impedance on the power flow in an AC system.
Simulation of Molybdenum Disulfide based MOSFET Device using COMSOL Multiphysics software
Authors: Subramaniyam Sudharsanam , Muthusamy Sasikala , Bharatan Sudhakar K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, 2D physical modeling and simulation of Molybdenum disulfide based MOSFET device using COMSOL multiphysics software is carried out. The impact of dielectric materials such as SiO2 and Al2O3 on the performance of FET are investigated. Threshold voltage (VT), sub-threshold swing and on/off ratio are some of the electrical parameters studied in this work. The values of channel doping concentration, choice of metal work function and dielectric material, and the corresponding thickness of the gate material, are systematically varied to arrive at the device threshold voltage. FET device with 50nm thick Al2O3 gate insulator exhibits a threshold voltage of 1V and an on/off ratio of 107, whereas the device with SiO2 as the gate material with the same thickness exhibited higher threshold voltage of 2.8V and lower on/off ratio of 106. The polynomial first order technique in the MATLAB curve fitting tool is utilized to determine the relation between VT and gate oxide thickness.
Comparative Study of Multiphase 5-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter System
Authors: Zawawi M N M , Isa Z M , Arshad M H , Ismail B , Talib M H N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In terms of cost and structural design, the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) has a significant advantage over diode clamped and capacitor clamped multilevel inverters. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of a 5-level CHBMLI system for three different phases (single-phase, three-phase, and six-phase system) is studied and compared in this work. As switching angles play a role in lowering THD, the switching angles for a 5-level CHBMLI are evaluated using four specific switching angle methods in the initial section of this paper. In the simulation of single-phase system, these angles are being utilized. The angles with the lowest THD value are chosen for three-phase and six-phase system simulation. Based on the findings, the higher phase of 5-level CHBMLI is more efficient in decreasing harmonics.
VPN–Based WiMAX Network Protection Against Jamming Attacks for VoIP Application
Authors: Nourildean Shayma W , Ameen Siddeeq Y , Mohammed Yousra A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
WiMAX technology with up to 30 miles of coverage compared to other technologies is more vulnerable to jamming attacks, and therefore, the security issue was a major concern. The jamming attack affected the network by reducing throughput and increasing delay in different applications, several solutions and protocols were introduced for this issue. One of these solutions is a VPN that uses encryption algorithms for securing data transmission. Moreover, the network is integrated with the firewall to protect the server from any unauthorized access. Thus, the paper investigates the impact of VPN with the firewall for securing WiMAX using OPNET Modeler (v14.5) which was chosen as a suitable tool for simulating WiMAX networks. A VoIP application was applied with other applications in terms of sent/received traffic, delay and throughput. After running the OPNET simulation, the collected results showed that the existence of VPN with firewall increased throughput and decreased the delay which was caused by the jamming attack. The inclusion of the firewall will prevent any access to a specific application from the server but the VPN would allow access from a specific source (Base Station1) to access the server. The benefit of integrating VPN in the system is that the unauthorized client cannot access the server from any base station. This will provide more security for the system.
Arcing fault diagnosis using enhanced cross-correlation technique
Authors: Amirruddin Melaty , Adzman Mohd Rafi , Affendi Nur Adyani Mohd , Idris Muhd Hafizi , Abd Halim Syahirah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study explored the potential use of cross-correlation as a technique for detecting arcing faults in a power system distribution network. The cross-correlation technique was employed to investigate the effect of each antenna placement as a detection device, time difference of arrival (TDOA), time delay, and correlation magnitude of arcing signals detected during on-line arcing fault measurement. The arcing fault was detected using four antennas that had been set up around the arc source point in a high voltage (HV) laboratory. The measurements were taken using a digital oscilloscope. For precise results, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) denoising technique combined with cross-correlation (CC) technique were applied using MATLAB software to identify the arcing signals detected in order to diagnose the differentiation between noisy and real arcing fault signals. Further assessment was carried out by performing a cross-correlation technique on the real arcing signals obtained to find the similarities and arrival time’s delay between single arcing signals’ placement. The outcome shows that all measurements including the time difference of arrival (TDOA), correlation magnitude, time delay, and antennas’ placement towards the arcing source point are valuable in determining the arcing signals detected precisely.
A Conical Beam Antenna Using a Monopole Wire and Rectangular Copper Probe with Four Parasitic Sleeves for UMTS/WLAN Applications
Authors: Nuangwongsa K , Wongsiritorn P , Sukkamat R , Phongcharoenpanich C , Pumpoung T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper aimed to present a wideband monopole antenna for base station applications of indoor reception for UMTS (B1) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b) systems. The operating frequency was ranged from 1.92 GHz to 2.5 GHz. The proposed antenna was made up of a probe and four connecting parasitic sleeves from the upper copper circular patch to the ground. The rectangular probe structure technique was used to extend the frequency band and effectively improve the matching conditions. The results from simulation and measurement showed that the presented antenna had a proper matching impedance of |S11| (dB) lower than -10 dB in the frequency band from 1.71 GHz to 3.72 GHz and also from 1.58 GHz to 2.98 GHz, respectively. The percentage of bandwidth was 74.03% and 61.40%, respectively. The antenna had a conical radiation pattern. The simulated and measured gains were 2.93 dBi to 3.6 dBi and 2.58 dBi to 3.54 dBi, respectively.
Magneto-optical studies of kerosene based ferrofluid
Authors: Nimisha O K , Pradeesh Kannan , Mary A P Reena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Magnetic fluids are technologically important due to their tunable magnetic, electrical and optical properties. The magneto optical properties of ferrofluid have a major role for the development of optoelectronic devices. This paper represents the detailed analysis of kerosene based ferrofluid, their structure and magneto optical properties will be investigated. Iron oxide nanofluids are synthesised by a Co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction technique is used for structural characterization. The magneto optical property of the iron oxide nanofluid have been investigated by linear dichroism measurements. Individual magnetic particle’s intrinsic optical anisotropy or shape anisotropy create linear dichroism. The magnetic susceptibility of ferrofluid with different volume fractions is measured using Quincke’s method.