bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty, agency, and suicide: Men and women
Authors: Steyn R. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Assumptions linking poverty with sex, associating poverty with agency, as well as connecting agency with suicide, are widespread. Women are often seen as being affected more by poverty than men. Men are frequently considered to possess more agency than women, and men are also more prone to suicide than women.ObjectivesThe research aims to assess if poverty, agency and suicide differences occur across sexual lines. The study will attempt to establish if a poverty-agency-suicide relationship is supported by data, and how the poverty-agency and the agency-suicide relationships are in turn influenced by sex.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used and interviews were conducted with 3 531 respondents. Chi-squared tests were used to calculate whether differences on poverty, agency and suicide ideation exist across sexual lines. Correlation analysis was implemented to test for the poverty-agency-suicide relationship, and regression analyses were used to test the moderating effects of sex on the poverty-agency and the agency-suicide relationships.ResultsMen and women did not differ significantly on levels of poverty, agency, nor suicide ideation. Poverty did relate to agency (a negligible effect), but agency did not have an effect on suicide ideation. Sex did not moderate the poverty-agency nor the agency-suicide relationship.ConclusionsThe data do not support established stereotypes nor empirical findings regarding sex differences across the poverty, agency and suicide ideation spectrums. The data also do not support the poverty-agency-suicide relationship and sex does not influence this relationship. Healthcare professionals should be aware that (well-founded) stereotypes do not necessarily materialize in all populations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An innovative combination of cypropheptadine and prazosin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, three-arm, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
Authors: Aubin H.-J. , Puech A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnimal studies have shown that the simultaneous blockade of α1b-noradrenergic receptors and 5HT2A-serotonergic receptors strongly decreases alcohol intake. In addition, recent clinical studies have indicated that the selective α1b antagonist prazosin could be effective on alcohol use reduction in alcohol-dependent subjects.ObjectivesCocktail is a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group,
three-arm, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 2 proof-of-concept study aiming at demonstrating the superiority of a 12-week treatment with the KT110 combination of cyproheptadine (8 mg/day or 12 mg/day) and prazosin (5 mg/day or 10 mg/day) over placebo on the reduction of total alcohol consumption.MethodsThe study two main inclusion criteria are a DSM5 diagnosis of severe alcohol use disorder and a WHO high-risk drinking risk level. The primary endpoint is the change from baseline (4 weeks preceding randomization) to the end of treatment (Weeks 9-12) in the mean quantity of alcohol consumed per day in the three groups. Daily alcohol consumption is determined using the Timeline Follow Back, automatically be filled in on the basis electronic patient reported outcomes platform. The 12-week treatment period is followed by a 4-week post-treatment follow-up.ResultsOne hundred and eighty patients are planned to be randomized 1:1:1 into the two treatment groups. Enrollment of patients started in November 2019, and will end in July 2021.ConclusionsIn this communication, we will present the rationale for the development of the KT110 combination of cypropheptadine and prazosin for the treatment of alcohol use disorders, as well as the main features of the Coctkail study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04108104.DisclosureMember of advisory boards, DSMB, or steering committees, speaker honoraria or consultancy for Bioprojet, D&A Pharma Ethypharm, and Kinnov Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, and Pfizer D&A Pharma, Ethypharm, Kinnov Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, and Pfizer.
The association between social media use and mental health among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Koronczai B. , Demetrovics Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe associations of problematic social media use, the special use of image-based social media (photo editing, following celebrities) and mental health (body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, depression) have been established (e.g. Yurdagül et al., 2019; Gioia, Griffiths, Boursier, 2020; Lowe-Calverley and Grieve, 2021). The links may be explained with the theory of social comparison and self-objectification.ObjectivesTesting theory-oriented hypotheses related to image-based social media use and body dissatisfaction, gender specifically, among adolescents and young adults.MethodsThree surveys have been conducted with convenience sampling: (1) 117 Hungarian university students in person (mean age=22.4, SD=2.9, 79% female), (2) 383 high school students in person (mean age=16.5, SD=1.2, 58% female); (3) 124 Israeli adolescents online (mean age=16.8, SD=2.7, 68% female).Results(1): The tendency of modifying body image in social media (the frequency of modifying pictures, the use of filters) mediates the association between body shame and problematic social media use. Physical appearance social comparison mediates the association between self-related negative emotions and attitude (low self-esteem+ineffectiveness) and problematic social media use. (2): The technology-based social comparison mediate the association between muscle checking and problematic Instagram use among boys. (3) Physical appearance social comparison mediates the association between the frequency of following celebrities and body dissatisfaction among girls, but not among boys.ConclusionsDuring the use of image based social media, social comparison and the exposure to the beauty standards may lead to poorer mental health, which could result in problematic social media use as maladaptive coping.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine: which is the best drug choice?
Authors: Darriba H. Becerra 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with comorbid cocaine and alcohol dependence have a worse prognosis with lack of adherence to follow-up and treatment, frequent psychosocial problems, and higher rates of relapse [1]. Concurrent use of both substances produces cocaethylene, which is associated with more toxicity than cocaine alone [2].ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of disulfiram compared to nalmefene in the treatment of comorbid cocaine and alcohol use.MethodsA quasi-experimental open study was designed on 41 outpatients, with a follow-up of at least 1 year at the Mental Health Unit, aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with cocaine and alcohol dependence (ICD-10). A minimum simultaneous weekly consumption of 2 grams of cocaine and 12 SD (Standard Drink) of alcohol during the month before, described by self-records was established. Treatment with oral disulfiram 250mg/day was assigned to 21 patients, and with oral nalmefene 18mg/day to 20 individuals. Observation period was for 6 months. Urinalysis and alcohol breath test were carried out twice a week. Abstinence was defined by obtaining negative results for at least 4 consecutive weeks. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS v21.0 (significance p<0.05).Results61.9% of patients treated with disulfiram achieved a minimum of 4 consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine and alcohol, compared to 40% in the nalmefene group (χ²=1.188; gl=1; p=0.276). There were no significant differences.ConclusionsDisulfiram or nalmefene monotherapy seems clinically ineffective or insufficient in reducing the combined use of cocaine and alcohol. Further research is needed to assess the effect of both drugs simultaneously.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Aripirazole-Long Acting Injectable in Pregnant Women with Schizophrenia: A Case Series
Authors: Fernández-Abascal B. , Recio-Barbero M. , Saenz-Herrero M. , Segarra R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLong-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) have emerged as a new therapeutic option to treat patients suffering a psychotic disorder. To date, there is a lack of studies regarding safety and clinical use pattern of LAIs in pregnant women.ObjectivesProvide evidence and real world clinical data of pregnant women with schizophrenia who have been treated with long-acting aripiprazole monohydrate (aripiprazole once monthly [AOM] condition) during their pregnancy.MethodsDescriptive real-world clinical experiences of pregnant women in treatment with AOM. The information was obtained by reviewing electronic medical records and by direct clinical observation management.ResultsThe first six case-series describing the pregnancy course of women with schizophrenia treated with AOM. All of them remained psychopathologically stable through pregnancy, and their infants became healthy with normal developmental milestones (Table 1).Table 1.Clinical characteristics of six case-reports.
Mothers
1
2
3
4
56Maternal/Pregnancy outcomesAge(years)352935313830DiagnosisSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaAOM(mg/days)400-300400-300400-300160300400Type of deliveryEutocic.Eutocic, pretermEutocicEutocicEutocicEutocicNeonatal outcomesWeight(grams)330018003140310229403400GenderFemaleFemaleMaleMaleMaleMaleDevelopmental
Abnormalities
(years)No(3)No(2)No( 0.17)No(2)No(2)No(1.5)ConclusionsThe favorable results in this case-series suggest that despite the lack of evidence on reproductive safety and treatment with AOM during pregnancy, this therapeutic option should be considered in pregnant women with schizophrenia. However, further research on the use of long-acting antipsychotics in pregnant women is needed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Suicide in Adolescents with Mood Disorders
Authors: Shah K. , Trivedi C. , Kamrai D. , Srinivas S. , Mansuri Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAdolescents patients presenting with mood disorders, including disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), often present with the comorbid disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Objectives1) Evaluate the association between suicide in adolescents and various mood disorders. 2) To study the impact of comorbid conditions in DMDD on suicide ideation and attempt in adolescents.MethodsWe used 2016-2017 National Inpatient Sample dataset to select patients with mood disorders. Rao Scott adjusted Chi-Square test used to compare the groups with SPSS v26.ResultsIn this study, 15195 patients were in the DMDD group (Mean age:12.1,F: 38%) and 219205 in the ‘other mood disorders’ group (Mean age:14.4,F:67%). The odds of SI/SA were two times more in patients with the ‘other type of mood disorder’ (OR:2.07, 95%CI: 1.77-2.14). Patients with the primary diagnosis of DMDD sub-classified into four groups (Group 1: DMDD only (n=5160), Group 2: DMDD+ADHD (n=7240), Group 3: DMDD +ODD (n=700), and Group 4: DMDD+ADHD+ODD (n=2095). SI/SA was prevalent in 30.8%, 26.0%, 22.9% and 26.3% in Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively (p: 0.03). SI/SA was more prevalent in females compared to males (31.3% vs. 25.2%). An increase of 1 year in age was associated with a higher SI/SA (OR:1.05, 95%CI:1.01-1.08, 0.01). The SI/SA odds were 5% more in female patients (OR:1.27, p:0.01).ConclusionsThe study reveals that the risk of suicide ideation or suicide attempt is almost twice in the adolescent with mood disorders without DMDD compared to the DMDD group.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Parental concerns during COVID-19-related school closures: children’s behaviors and media usage
Authors: Kim S.J. , Cho S. , Kim D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCoronavirus Disease 2019 has prompted widespread school closures and physical distancing measures. Concerns regarding COVID-19 school closures often increase stress levels in parents.ObjectivesThis study examined whether higher levels of parental concerns were associated with children’s problematic behaviors and other factors during COVID-19-related primary school closures.MethodsParticipants were 217 parents who responded to a web-based questionnaire covering parental concerns, subjective stress, and depression; children’s sleep patterns, behavioral problems, and changes in activity level after COVID-19; previously received mental health services; and media usage during the online-only class period from community center in Suwon city.ResultsThe number of parental concerns was associated with children’s behavioral problem index (BPI) score (Pearson correlation 0.211, p < 0.01), sleep problems (0.183, p < 0.01), increased smartphone usage (0.166, p < 0.05), increased TV usage (0.187, p < 0.01), parents’ subjective stress levels (0.168, p < 0.05), and parental depression (0.200, p < 0.01). In families with children who previously received mental health services, the children reportedly suffered from more sleep and behavioral problems but not increased media usage, and parents noted more stress and depression. Parental concerns are related to family factors such as change of caregiver, no available caregiver, decreased household income, and recent adverse life events. Economically vulnerable people also reported higher rates of reported caregiver burden during COVID-19-related primary school closures, thus will require the potential heightened mental health needs.ConclusionsOngoing monitoring of mental health at risky group and multiple support systems should be considered for parents having difficulty in caring their children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prediction of ADHD symptoms from prenatal data in two large population-based cohorts
Authors: Dooley N. , Cannon M. , Cotter D. , Clarke M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe association between low birth weight and attention problems in childhood has been replicated many times (e.g. Momany, Kamradt, & Nikolas, 2018). However birth weight is unlikely the aetiological start-point of this association, as birth weight is itself the product of many prenatal factors e.g. gestational complications, maternal toxin exposure during pregnancy and basic demographics.ObjectivesWe explore (1) which prenatal factors best predict attention problems in two independant population-based cohorts of children (2) which associations, if any, are moderated by sex and (3) we report accuracy statistics of our prenatal prediction algorithm for attention problems.MethodsParticipants were children aged 9 from ABCD study from the United States (N > 9,000) and the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study from Ireland (N > 6,000). Selected variables included familial pscyhiatric history, maternal smoking during gestation, prescription and non-prescription drug-use during gestation and a variety of gestational complications. All interactions with sex were also included. We used 5-fold cross-validation and elastic net regression (glmnet) to identify the optimal predictors of attention problems (measured by CBCL and SDQ).ResultsStrongest predictors of attention problems in the U.S. cohort included male sex, number of drugs used during pregnancy, number of family members with a history of mental illness, and number of gestational complications. Sex interacted with several of these risks. Protective factors included being a twin/triplet, being Asian, having higher household income and higher parental education level.ConclusionsSeveral risk factors for childhood attention problems were identified across both cohorts, supporting their generalizabilty. Other findings were cohort-specific.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A Once Malignant Malady: the Story of Schizophrenia and the Path to Prevention
Authors: Lieberman J. 
Published: September 2022

Schizophrenia is synonymous in the public’s mind with madness. To see someone experiencing a florid psychosis, who has lost the ability to distinguish between the real and the imagined, is to know that you are in the presence of insanity. Schizophrenia has existed for centuries. It’s one of the leading causes of disability in the world, with a lifetime prevalence of about 1 percent of the population. That’s 3.3 million people in the US and 78 million worldwide. Schizophrenia afflicts rich and poor, genders, all races and ethnic groups. Schizophrenia has been subject to many misconceptions, from spiritual affliction to social deviance, psychodynamic conflicts to romanticized notions of iconoclastic creativity. Perhaps, the most significant myth about the disease is that there are no effective treatments or cure. But the reality couldn’t be more different: today’s treatments are effective and often lifesaving. Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, scientific progress has enhanced our understanding of schizophrenia as a brain disorder that disrupts thought, perception, and emotion. Findings of abnormalities in brain structure, biochemical analytes and genetic mutations have revealed its causal mechanisms and have guided the search for effective pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments. This presentation traces the evolution of our social and scientific understanding of Schizophrenia. It will elucidate how science and medicine dispelled the superstition and myth surrounding this ancient malady of the mind and forged a path toward its understanding as a brain disorders and offers affected people, not just humane treatment, but the promise of its ultimate prevention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Heredity as a factor in the formation of recurrent depression
Authors: Maruta N. , Kolyadko S. , Panko T. , Semikina O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAt the current stage of psychiatry development, special attention is paid to studying the influence of hereditary factors on the occurrence of recurrent depression (RD). The study can be informative in predicting the risk of the RD occurrence RD. Therefore, studies related to this problem are designed to identify the specificity “familial” forms of RD.ObjectivesTo study the influence of hereditary factors on the RD formation.MethodsClinical-psychopathological, clinical-genealogical, statistical.ResultsBased on the clinical and genealogical data study, a statistically significant excess of the individuals with psychiatric disorders proportion in the main group (108 patients with RDD whose family history included relatives with depression, main group) was found: The percentage of individuals on psychiatric registry (18%, CI: 14.5-22.1) was 15 times higher than the control group (46 individuals without RDR in the pedigree) (p<0.05), individuals with depression (33%, CI: 28.5-37.8) were 7.3 times higher (p < 0.05), suicides (7.9%, CI: 5.6-11.0) were 4.2 times higher (p < 0.05), cases of alcohol dependence (25.6%, CI: 21.6-30.2) were 1.8 times higher (p < 0.05). In the main group family tree examinees, this pathology occurred most frequently in I and II degree of kinship relative. When comparing heredity factors with peculiarities of the RD course, we found a specific weight in correlations of such factors as: depressive disorders predominantly in first-degree relatives (p ≤ 0.005), suicidal behavior in first- and second-degree relatives (p ≤ 0.005).ConclusionsThe findings should be taken into account in diagnostic and preventive measures.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Early-Onset Depression Is Associated With Specific Neurovegetative Symptoms
Authors: Kasyanov E. , Rukavishnikov G. , Nikolishin A. , Gareeva A. , Savitskaya K. , Kazantseva A. , Kretsu A. , Soldatkin V. , Lezheyko T. , Golimbet V. , Neznanov N. , Kibitov A. , Mazo G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe age at onset of depression is not only an important clinical predictor of the further disease course, but also a robust marker, reflecting the genetic impact on depression risk.ObjectivesThis study aimed to find whether early-onset depression had an association with specific clinical symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disorders and family history of mood disorders.MethodsThis pilot cross-sectional, multicenter study was performed under the supervision of the Russian National Consortium for Psychiatric Genetics. Early-onset depression was defined as the first depressive episode before the median age of onset in the sample (Me=29 years). Logistic regression models were used to determine the independent association of early-onset depression, after adjusting for the effects of sex and age, with binary characteristics.ResultsA total of 172 patients with depression were enrolled in the study (64.5% women; age - 40.9 (15.9) years). Early-onset depression was associated with psychomotor retardation (p=0,025; OR=2,3; 95%CI [1,1 - 4,9]), decreased libido (p=0,014; OR=2,8; 95%CI [1,2 - 6,2]), and lower prevalence of weight loss/decreased appetite (p=0,011; OR=0,4; 95%CI [0,2 - 0,8]). No associations were found with the history of comorbid psychiatric disorders and the family history of mood disorders.ConclusionsEarly-onset depression is associated with specific neurovegetative symptoms. Further clinical and genetic studies are needed to evaluate the specific effects of age at onset of depression on its clinical course.DisclosureResearch is supported by an RSF grant №20-15-00132.
Mentalizing abilities and serum lipid levels in adult MDD patients with childhood maltreatment – preliminary results
Authors: Nyarondi P. , Péterfalvi Á. , Szennai M. , Németh N. , Tényi T. , Czéh B. , Simon M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionChildhood maltreatment (CM) contributes to negative mental and physical health outcomes including major depressive disorder (MDD), and an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CDV) in adults. Also, childhood maltreatment can be related to mentalizing deficits in MDD. Cardio-metabolic diseases often coincide with MDD and worsen its course and outcome. Little is known on the interplay of these factors.ObjectivesWe examined MDD patients with and without CM to explore the effects of CM on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and assessed their mentalizing abilities. Self-oriented mentalizing was operationalized as emotional self-awareness/alexithymia, other-oriented mentalizing was defined as theory of mind (ToM).MethodsMDD patients (N=42) and healthy controls (n=20) matched in age, sex, and lifestyle were investigated. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL-C and LDL-C), body mass index, and exercise in a typical week were measured. Beck Depression Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia scale, and the Reading the mind in the Eyes Test were used to assess clinical symptoms, mentalizing abilities and CM.ResultsAfter controlling for depressive symptom severity, demographic and lifestyle variables, CM was found to be a strong predictor of serum lipid alterations. Mentalizing deficits correlated with CM. Serum triglycerides, HDL-C were significant predictors of ToM performance (P<0.05, and P=0.005) and alexithymia (P< 0.05, and P< 0.05) in the MDD group.ConclusionsSeveral, inter-correlated pathways may mediate the undesirable effects of CM on the course and outcome of MDD. According to our preliminary results, diminished self-awareness and ToM can be possible mediating factors.DisclosureThis work was financially supported by the Hungarian Brain Research Program (2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002)