bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Union and the re‐establishment of democratic authority
Authors: Chalmers Damian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe European Union is blighted by a style of governance, EU police, which holds that the Union better balances different interests and values than other arenas but which is, in practice, distorted by anti‐redistribution and status quo biases. To combat it, this article proposes a principle of European democratic authority that would found EU legal authority and condition domestic legal authority. This principle holds that, to warrant authority, measures should satisfy the values, goods and processes associated with liberal social democracies and the particular democratic commitments Union membership requires: democratic imagination, political belonging and mutual betterment. This principle would be institutionalised by two further principles. Justified disobedience would set out the conditions when EU laws without European democratic authority could be disobeyed. Democratic regard would require all domestic actors to be guided by the European democratic authority principle and to disregard domestic obligations that had failed to address it.
Application of choice models in tourism recommender systems
Authors: Almomani Ameed , Saavedra Paula , Barreiro Pablo , Durán Roi , Crujeiras Rosa , Loureiro María , Sánchez Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChoice models (CM) are proposed in the field of tourism recommender systems (TRS) with the aim of providing algorithms with both a theoretical understanding of tourist's motivations and a certain degree of transparency. The goal of this work is to overcome some of the limitations of current state‐of‐art algorithms used in TRSs by providing: (1) accurate preferences, which are learnt from user choices rather than from ratings, and (2) interpretable coefficients, which are achieved by means of the set of estimated parameters of CM. The study was carried out with a gastronomic data set generated in an ecological experiment in the tourism domain. The performance of CM has been compared with a set of baseline algorithms (rating‐based and ensembles) by using two evaluation metrics: precision and DCG. The CM outperformed the baseline algorithms when the size of the choice set was limited. The findings suggest that CM may provide an optimal trade‐off between theoretical soundness, interpretability and performance in the field of TRS.
The Chihuahua and the Space Princess writing in the margins: Antenarratives of two (older) women early career academics
Authors: van Hilten Adriana , Ruel Stefanie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn asking “why is it so bloody hard for older women, with years of professional experience in industry and graduate degree holders, to create a career in the Academy?,” the authors co‐examine the challenges they experience in their careers and in their transition into academia. Framed within intersectionality scholarship, specifically anchor points, the authors' nonnormative positioning as older ciswomen, early career academics, who are attempting to find tenured positions, showcase their fluid living stories of sexism and ageism while trying to negotiate a career transition. Using a duoethnographic methodology, the authors share and then analyze their embodied, fragile antenarratives as they understand them at this point in time. In the process of writing differently, literally at the left and right margins of content and style, and in the analysis of these writings, they discover that they can begin to resist the gendered ageism from the margins and that they are no longer alone. They navigate a path of resistance, laboring against the norms that try to relegate two older women, early career academics' stories to silence, inviting others into their living story network.
Troubling gender norms on Mumsnet: Working from home and parenting during the UK's first COVID lockdown
Authors: Handley Karen Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the troubling of gender norms that unfolded on the social networking site, Mumsnet, at the beginning of the UK's first lockdown response to the COVID pandemic. Using an analysis of 7144 contributions which included the acronym ‘WFH’ (=working from home), posted from March 1, 2020 to April 5, 2020, the article examines how Mumsnet members talked about working from home while caring for toddlers and home‐schooled children. Mumsnet discussions about everyday moral dilemmas create a discursive space for examining the situated rationalities and normative judgments that shape expectations of how to behave as a working parent. Drawing on post‐structuralist discourse theory, the article shows how Mumsnet contributors generated alternative sub‐categorizations of ‘good mums’, and destabilized discourse assumptions of intensive motherhood, such as always ‘being there’ for their children, thereby ‘working the weakness in the norms’ (Butler, 1993) and creating potential for change.
Cyclin D1 expression, cell proliferation, and clonal persistence characterize primary cutaneous CD4+ small or medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: Oschlies Ilske , Kock Katharina , Wüseke Thomas , Richter Julia , Koch Karoline , Wehkamp Ulrike , Klapper Wolfram 
Published: November 2022

AimsThe aim was to gain insight into the biology of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder (PCSM‐LPD).MethodsWe describe the histopathological and clinical characteristics of 177 PCSM‐LPD diagnosed at our consultation centre. We performed immunohistochemical multistaining in a subset of cases (n = 46) including PD1, Cyclin D1, and multiple markers of proliferation. We evaluated clonal T‐cell‐receptor‐(TCR) rearrangements and used tissue microdissection to analyse TCR‐clonality of PD1(+) cells.ResultsThe cohort of n = 177 PCSM‐LPD included 84 males and 93 females (median age 57, range 13–85). Clinical presentation was as a solitary nodule or plaque (head and neck > trunk > extremities). Most patients were treated by local excision or steroids (96%, 69/72); relapses occurred in 12/65 (18%) of patients with follow up. Histopathology revealed the predominance of a nodular pattern (75%, 134/177) and frequent clustering of PD1(+) large cells (70%, 103/147). We detected Cyclin D1 and PD1 coexpression (>10% of PD1(+)‐cells) in 26/46 (57%), which was not associated with CCND1 breaks or amplifications. PD1(+)‐cells in PCSM‐LPDs showed a significantly higher expression of proliferation‐associated proteins compared to PD1(−)‐cells. A clonal TCR‐rearrangement was present in 176/177 (99%), with a clonal persistence in 7/8 patients at relapse including distant sites. Tissue‐microdissection revealed PD1(+)‐cells as the source of clonality, whilst PD1(−)‐cells remained polyclonal.ConclusionPCSM‐LPD is a clinically indolent, albeit neoplastic, disease driven by clonal expansion of PD1(+)‐cells. We demonstrate Cyclin D1‐expression associated with accelerated proliferation as a surprising new biological feature of the disease.
Uric acid and gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase in children and adolescents with obesity: Association to anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic risk markers depending on pubertal stage, sex, degree of weight loss and type of patient care: Evaluation of the adiposity patient follow‐up registry
Authors: Weihrauch‐Blüher Susann , Wiegand Susanna , Weihe Paul , Prinz Nicole , Weghuber Daniel , Leipold Georg , Dannemann Almut , Bergjohann Lara , Reinehr Thomas , Holl Reinhard W. ,   for the APV study group
Published: November 2022

SummaryObjectivesAssociations between body mass index (BMI)‐ standard deviation score (SDS)/waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) were studied with (i) serum uric acid (sUA)/gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase (GGT) and (ii) cardiometabolic risk markers in children with obesity, considering sex, pubertal development, and degree of weight loss/type of patient care.Methods102 936 children from the Adiposity‐Follow‐up registry (APV; 47% boys) were included. Associations were analysed between sUA/GGT and anthropometrics, transaminases, lipids, fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), triglycerides to HDL‐cholesterol (TG/HDL)‐ratio.Follow‐up analyses (3–24 months after baseline) considered a BMI‐SDS reduction ≥0.2 (n = 11 096) or ≥0.5 (n = 3728). Partialized correlation analyses for sex and BMI‐SDS were performed, taking pubertal development into consideration.ResultsAt baseline, BMI‐SDS showed the strongest correlations to sUA (r = 0.35; n = 26 529), HOMA‐IR/FI (r = 0.30; n = 5513 /n = 5880), TG/HDL‐ratio (r = 0.23; n = 24 501), and WHtR to sUA (r = 0.32; n = 10 805), GGT (r = 0.34; n = 11 862) and Alanine‐aminotransferase (ALAT) (r = 0.33; n = 11 821), with stronger correlations in boys (WHtR and GGT: r = 0.36, n = 5793) and prepubertal children (r = 0.36; n = 2216). GGT and sUA (after partializing effects of age, sex, BMI‐SDS) showed a correlation to TG/HDL‐ratio (r = 0.27; n = 24 501).Following a BMI‐SDS reduction ≥0.2 or ≥0.5, GGT was most strongly related to Aspartate‐aminotransferase (ASAT)/ ALAT, most evident in prepuberty and with increasing weight loss, and also to TG/HDL‐ratio (r = 0.22; n = 1528). Prepubertal children showed strongest correlations between BMI‐SDS/WHtR and GGT. ΔBMI‐SDS was strongly correlated to ΔsUA (r = 0.30; n = 4160) and ΔGGT (r = 0.28; n = 3562), and ΔWHtR to ΔGGT (r = 0.28; n = 3562) (all p < 0.0001).ConclusionAbdominal obesity may trigger hyperuricemia and hepatic involvement already in prepuberty. This may be stronger in infancy than anticipated to date. Even moderate weight loss has favourable effects on cardiometabolic risk profile and glucose homeostasis.
Alternative pathway amplification and infections
Authors: Shaughnessy Jutamas , Chabeda Aleyo , Lewis Lisa A. , Ram Sanjay 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe alternative pathway (AP) is the phylogenetically oldest arm of the complement system and may have evolved to mark pathogens for elimination by phagocytes. Studies using purified AP proteins or AP‐specific serum showed that C3b amplification on bacteria commenced following a lag phase of about 5 min and was highly dependent on the concentration of complement. Most pathogens have evolved several elegant mechanisms to evade complement, including expressing proteases that degrade AP proteins and secreting proteins that block function of C3 convertases. In an example of convergent evolution, many microbes recruit the AP inhibitor factor H (FH) using molecular mechanisms that mimic FH interactions with host cells. In most instances, the AP serves to amplify C3b deposited on microbes by the classical pathway (CP). The role of properdin on microbes appears to be restricted to stabilization of C3 convertases; scant evidence exists for its role as an initiator of the AP on pathogens in the context of serum. Therapeutic complement inhibition carries with it an increased risk of infection. Antibody (Ab)‐dependent AP activation may be critical for complement activation by vaccine‐elicited Ab when the CP is blocked, and its molecular mechanism is discussed.
Adults with intellectual disabilities and third‐wave therapies: A systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Patterson Christopher Wynne , Golightly Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, third‐wave therapies have risen to prominence. Research into adapting and evaluating third‐wave therapies for adults with intellectual disabilities has identified that third‐wave therapies are accessible, acceptable, and effective (improving a range of symptoms and skills).MethodThis meta‐ethnography followed Noblit and Hare's approach to synthesising findings from qualitative studies to examine how adults with intellectual disabilities experience third‐wave therapy groups. A systematic review of three databases identified 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria.ResultsWe identified that third‐wave therapy groups can be a ‘Transformational’ process for adults with intellectual disabilities that involves three stages: ‘Concealment’, ‘Opening up’ and ‘Flourishing’.ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of therapeutic processes; especially, working with defences, and developing and maintaining safety/trust. Recommendations include the development of an objective measure of group safety/trust.
A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification‐based microfluidic chip for triplex detection of shrimp pathogens
Authors: Hu Keshun , Li Ye , Wang Feng , Liu Jianying , Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Qian , Zheng Xiaoye , Zhu Ningyu , Yu Xiaoping , Fang Shaohua , Huang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) pose serious threats to the shrimp farming. To date, early detection remains an important way to control the occurrence and diffusion of these pathogens. Here, we developed for the first time, a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)‐based microfluidic chip detection system, which could detect DIV1, WSSV, and EHP simultaneously. The limits of detection (LoD) of the system were 10 copies/reaction for EHP and DIV1, and 102 copies/reaction for WSSV. The entire detection procedure could be completed rapidly in 40 min at 63°C with 100% specificity and had no cross‐reaction with other common shrimp pathogens. This newly established method was further validated using 94 Penaeus vannamei clinical samples, which were comparable to a typical qPCR assay and revealed good stability and reproducibility. These results illustrate that this LAMP microfluidic chip detection system allows rapid triplex pathogen analysis and could satisfy the demands of the field and routine diagnoses in aquaculture.
Sheep and goats are reservoirs of colistin resistant Escherichia coli that co‐resist critically important antimicrobials: First study from Jordan
Authors: Obaidat Mohammad M. , Tarazi Yaser H. , AlSmadi Walaa M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is a knowledge gap on colistin‐resistant and mobilized colistin‐resistant (mcr) Escherichia coli in sheep and goats worldwide. This study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of mobilized colistin‐resistant (mcr) E. coli in dairy sheep and goat flocks in Jordan. A total of 948 milk samples were collected from 155 flocks across Jordan. The milk samples were pre‐enriched in MacConkey broth and then plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 8 mg/l colistin and the presence of mcr‐1 gene in the isolates was tested by polymerase chain reaction. In total, 1,158 E. coli isolates were colistin resistant, with 74.8% herd‐level prevalence and 39.5% individual animal prevalence. Sixty‐one (5.3%) of 1,158 phenotypically colistin‐resistant E. coli harbored mcr‐1, with 23.9% herd‐level prevalence and 6.6% individual animal prevalence. About 77.1% of the mcr‐1 E. coli resisted one or more antimicrobial classes and 37.7% were multidrug resistant. More than 30% of the mcr‐1 positive E. coli isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime and ampicillin, whereas 8–20% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, tobramycin, sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim, and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid. This study indicates that small ruminants are reservoirs of colistin‐resistant and mcr‐1 positive E. coli that exhibit co‐resistance to critically important antimicrobials which would pose public health issue and calls for the necessary banning of the use of colistin in small ruminants.
Efficacy and safety of micro‐needling combined with topical 5‐fluorouracil and excimer light vs. excimer light alone in treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo: A comparative study
Authors: Saad Mohammad A. , Tawfik Khaled Mohamed , Abdelaleem Hazem L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeVitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases with little improvement promises. Various modalities of treatment both medical and surgical have been used in the treatment of vitiligo. Some proved to be effective, others with controversial results and the rest were effective less. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the additional effect of topical 5‐fluorouracil after micro‐needling to excimer light (308 nm) in treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo.MethodsFifty patients were included in the present study, only 33 patients continued the treatment for 6 months. Two patches were selected in every patient to be treated, one patch with micro‐needling then application of 5 FU and excimer (Group A), and the other with excimer only (Group B).ResultsThe treatment with the combination of micro‐needling then application of 5 FU and excimer showed significant earlier response versus excimer alone. Also, the percentage of re‐pigmentation was higher in the patches treated with the combination especially in the face and trunk. The combination of 5 FU after micro‐needling and Excimer is more suitable for localized and focal vitiligo.ConclusionTopical 5 FU after micro‐needling is a promising, rapid, and cost‐effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of non‐segmental vitiligo It had limited side effects, and the best response was reported for lesions affecting face and trunk.
An exploration of women's knowledge and experience of perimenopause and menopause: An integrative literature review
Authors: O'Reilly Kate , McDermid Fiona , McInnes Susan , Peters Kath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the international literature related to women's knowledge and experience of perimenopause and menopause and to inform future directions for research and individualised healthcare delivery.BackgroundMenopause is a normal physiological process experienced by most women. Despite this, care and support is fragmented and the implication on women's long‐term health is not sufficiently understood.DesignAn integrative review of primary research on women's knowledge and experience of perimenopause and menopause.MethodCINAHL, Medline, Wiley Online Library, SCOPUS, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from 2011 to 2021.Quantitative and qualitative studies written in English exploring women's knowledge and experience of menopause were included. The search strategy for the review complied with PRISMA guidelines. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used to assess quality. Thematic analysis was employed to present a narrative synthesis of the data.ResultsA total of 17 studies, comprising 10 quantitative, and seven qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The four themes regarding women's knowledge and experience of perimenopause and menopause identified in the literature were as follows: (1) Symptoms associated with perimenopause and menopause; (2) Strategies to manage symptoms; (3) Support and information (4) Attitudes, education and health literacy.ConclusionThis integrative review of the international literature highlights that women's knowledge of perimenopause and menopause varies significantly globally and within countries. The experience of perimenopause and menopause for women is heterogenous and influenced by deeply embedded sociocultural patterns.Relevance for Clinical PracticeThis integrative review has shown that individualised support for women during perimenopause and menopause is critical to ensure the diverse needs of women are suitably addressed.No Patient or Public ContributionAs this was a review of the literature, no patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were involved in this review.
Optimal Financial Transaction Taxes
Authors: DÁVILA EDUARDO 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper characterizes the optimal transaction tax in an equilibrium model of financial markets. If investors hold heterogeneous beliefs unrelated to their fundamental trading motives and the planner calculates welfare using any single belief, a positive tax is optimal, regardless of the magnitude of fundamental trading. Under some conditions, the optimal tax is independent of the planner's belief. The optimal tax can be implemented by adjusting its value until total volume equals fundamental volume. Knowledge of (i) the share of nonfundamental trading volume and (ii) the semielasticity of trading volume to tax changes is sufficient to quantify the optimal tax.
Impact of Changing School Start Times on Teacher Sleep Health and Daytime Functioning
Authors: Wahlstrom Kyla L. , Plog Amy E. , McNally Janise , Meltzer Lisa J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe benefits of delaying school start times for secondary students are well‐established. However, no previous study has considered how changing school start times impacts sleep and daytime functioning for K‐12 teachers.METHODSTeachers in a large suburban school district completed 3 annual surveys (pre‐change n = 1687, post‐change n = 1857, follow‐up n = 1812) assessing sleep and daytime functioning.RESULTSWith delayed start times, high school teachers had later rise times (high school [HS]: 28 minutes, middle school [MS]: 14 minutes), increased sleep duration (HS: 22 minutes, MS: 13 minutes), and improved daytime functioning. Improvements for middle school teachers were noted but were not statistically significant. With earlier start times, elementary teachers reported earlier bedtimes (9 minutes) and wake times (9 minutes), with no changes in sleep duration or daytime functioning.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYToday's school health policies often focus on wellness. Findings from this study reveal that the policy of healthy school start times can have a significant, positive impact on adults who teach in later‐starting secondary schools. Later school start times for secondary teachers provide greater parity with their elementary colleagues in terms of sleep opportunity.CONCLUSIONSThis study extends previous findings on how the policy of later secondary school start times improves the health and well‐being of adolescents, highlighting that healthy start times contribute to increased sleep opportunity for MS and HS teachers and improved daytime functioning for HS teachers, with changed start times having no significant negative effect on elementary school teachers.
Impact of higher payments for rural home health episodes on rehospitalizations
Authors: Loomer Lacey , Rahman Momotazur , Mroz Tracy M. , Gozalo Pedro L. , Mor Vincent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeHome health agencies delivering care in rural counties face unique challenges when providing care to older adults; long travel times between each visit can limit the number of patients seen each day. In 2010, Medicare began paying home health (HH) providers 3% more to serve rural beneficiaries without evaluating the policy's impact on patient outcomes.MethodsUsing 100% Medicare data on postacute HH episodes from 2007 to 2014, we estimated the impact of higher payments on beneficiaries outcomes using difference‐in‐differences analysis, comparing rehospitalizations between rural and urban postacute HH episodes before and after 2010.FindingsOur sample included 5.6 million postacute HH episodes (18% rural). In the preperiod, the 30‐ and 60‐day rehospitalization rates for urban HH episodes were 11.30% and 18.23% compared to 11.38% and 18.39% for rural HH episodes. After 2010, 30‐ and 60‐day rehospitalization rates declined, 10.08% and 16.49% for urban HH episodes and 9.87% and 16.08% for rural HH episodes, respectively. The difference‐in‐difference estimate was 0.29 percentage points (P = .005) and 0.57 percentage points (P < .001) for 30‐ and 60‐day rehospitalization, respectively.ConclusionsIncreasing payments resulted in a statistically significant reduction in rehospitalizations for rural postacute HH episodes. The add‐on payment is set to sunset in 2022 and its impact on access and quality to HH for rural older adults should be reconsidered.