bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does colour impact responses to images in geckos?
Authors: Katlein N. , Ray M. , Wilkinson A. , Claude J. , Kiskowski M. , Wang B. , Glaberman S. , Chiari Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnimals are exposed to different visual stimuli that influence how they perceive and interact with their environment. Visual information such as shape and colour can help animals detect, discriminate, and make appropriate behavioural decisions for mate selection, communication, camouflage, and foraging. Previous research indicates that at least some species within all major vertebrate groups prefer and can discriminate among certain colours and that colour may increase the response to a stimulus. However, since colour is often studied together with other potentially confounding factors such as movement and scent, it is still unclear what role colour plays in the perception of and attention to different stimuli. In this study, we test whether colour influences the response that an animal has to an object, and whether this influence changes depending on the type of object shown to the animal. We assessed the response of three gecko species,Correlophus ciliatus,Eublepharis macularius,andPhelsuma laticauda, to familiar and novel objects presented as colour or grayscale images. Our results indicate that colour does not change the response to objects. Specifically, we found that while all species responded more often to novel than to the familiar images, colour did not influence the response. We also found that the duration of interaction with images was significantly longer for the diurnal species,P. laticauda, than for the two nocturnal species, but this was also independent of colouration. Finally, no differences among sexes were observed within or between species. Our results show that geckos discriminate between 2D images of different content independent of colouration, suggesting that colour may not increase detectability or intensity of the response. These results are essential for uncovering which visual stimuli produce responses in animals.
A Generative Approach to the Instructed Second Language Acquisition of Spanish se
Authors: Juffs Alan , Fang Shaohua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the role of crosslinguistic patterns with verbs in the mapping of noun phrases/semantic roles to positions in morphosyntax, with a particular focus on second language (L2) development of Spanish se. The data set derives from high school learners of Spanish in the United States under broadly deductive and inductive learning treatments leading to explicit awareness. Using linear mixed effects modeling (LME) and binomial logistic regression, an analysis of high school learners from three schools (total n = 138) showed that learners based their acceptability judgments of aurally presented sentences and written production on verb classes proposed in formal linguistic theory. However, effects of the instructional intervention were limited to production data. No advantage for either deductive or inductive instruction was identified. The data show a clear role for formal linguistic categories in explaining patterns in the data. Implications for fine‐tuning instructional intervention and testing of verb classes are discussed.
Exploring “Intersubjectivity Negotiation Episodes” and “Language Related Episodes” in Second‐Language Peer Interaction
Authors: Toth Paul D. , Gil‐Berrio Yohana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examines learner deliberations over their discursive plans during second language (L2) instructional tasks, which we call intersubjectivity negotiation episodes (INEs). We argue that these provide essential contexts for negotiations over L2 form‐meaning mappings, known as language related episodes (LREs). Our data comes from two intact third‐year Spanish classes at a U.S. public high school, where four groups of 19 total learners completed four communicative tasks over three 90‐minute lessons. We found that learners spent more time in INEs than LREs overall, and in most task performances. We identified four INE functions: deliberations over discursive goals and means, progress toward task completion, and the interpretive framing of contributions. Among these, tasks with greater potentially relevant content yielded more means and progress INEs, while those requiring content from personal experience yielded more framing INEs. Individual agency and group composition also affected the amount of INEs. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.
“Are There Any Mexicans Listening?” Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in a Spanish L2 Classroom
Authors: Mattson‐Prieto Raquel , Showstack Rachel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated classroom interaction through the framework ofstancetaking(Du Bois, 2007) to understand how Spanish second language (L2) learners positioned themselves when participating in communicative language learning activities. Data came from transcribed audio and video recordings of three 90‐minute lessons in one intermediate‐level U.S. high school Spanish class. We examined how the students indexed epistemic stances toward their grammar explanations, and affective and evaluative stances toward the Spanish language and native (L1) Spanish speakers during peer interaction. Despite the burgeoning Spanish‐speaking community near where the data were collected, L2 learners’ linguistic practices indexed stances of expertise regarding their knowledge of Spanish grammar and vocabulary rather than their potential to meaningfully interact with the people who lived and worked in their community. In addition, some indexed negative affective and evaluative stances toward L1 Spanish speakers. Findings signal the need to examine how target‐language speakers are positioned in classroom practices.
Adenovirus entry: Stability, uncoating, and nuclear import
Authors: Greber Urs F. , Suomalainen Maarit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdenoviruses (AdVs) are widespread in vertebrates. They infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, the eyes, heart, liver, and kidney, and are lethal to immunosuppressed people. Mastadenoviruses infecting mammals comprise several hundred different types, and many specifically infect humans. Human adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in clinical applications, including cancer treatment and COVID‐19 vaccination. AdV vectors are physically and genetically stable and generally safe in humans. The particles have an icosahedral coat and a nucleoprotein core with a DNA genome. We describe the concept of AdV cell entry and highlight recent advances in cytoplasmic transport, uncoating, and nuclear import of the viral DNA. We highlight a recently discovered “linchpin” function of the virion protein V ensuring cytoplasmic particle stability, which is relaxed at the nuclear pore complex by cues from the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 (MIB1) and the proteasome triggering disruption. Capsid disruption by kinesin motor proteins and microtubules exposes the linchpin and renders protein V a target for MIB1 ubiquitination, which dissociates V from viral DNA and enhances DNA nuclear import. These advances uncover mechanisms controlling capsid stability and premature uncoating and provide insight into nuclear transport of nucleic acids.
Percutaneous Inferior Extensor Retinaculum Augmentation Technique for Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cao Shengxuan , Wang Chen , Wang Xu , Ma Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo specify indications and contraindications of the modified percutaneous inferior extensor retinaculum augmentation (PIERA) technique for chronic ankle instability cases, and to introduce technique details and report surgical outcomes and complications.MethodsThe PIERA technique was performed on seven patients with chronic ankle instability (four females and three males, 36.4 ± 15.1 years of age, and course of symptoms of 33.7 ± 8.8 months) from June to October 2018 in this retrospective study of case series. All patients demonstrated attenuated ligamentous tissue quality, which was confirmed using preoperative ankle MRI. IER were drew up to the distal fibula using suture anchors with the ankle in neutral position for all cases, to engage the entire IER in reconstructing the stability of the ankle. Patients were assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle‐Hindfoot (AOFAS) score and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores pre‐ and postoperatively at the last follow‐up examination. Preoperative and postoperative outcome scores of patients were compared using paired t‐test. A p value of less than 0.05 was regarded statistically significant.ResultsMean follow‐up duration was 16.7 ± 1.6 months. The mean AOFAS score significantly improved from 66.9 ± 11.2 preoperatively to 93.7 ± 8.5 postoperatively (P = 0.001). Mean CAIT score significantly improved from 13.1 ± 4.7 preoperatively to 26.3 ± 1.8 postoperatively (P = 0.001). Patients did not report any wound healing problem, numbness, swelling, or instability at the last follow‐up examination, except for one patient who reported pain and minimal stiffness, and presented an AOFAS score of less than 80 and a CAIT score below 24. All patients returned to at least recreational sport activity level.ConclusionThe PIERA technique can improve the functional outcomes of patients with chronic ankle instability with few complications.
Adopting the Joint Line Theory for Bone Resection in Cruciate‐Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty to Prevent Flexion Gap Tightness
Authors: Okazaki Ken 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDuring a conventional measured resection using the posterior reference method for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in varus knees, proximal tibia is resected from the lateral joint surface for the same thickness as the implant. Distal femur is resected from the worn medial surface for the same thickness as the implant. Posterior femur is resected using the posterior reference method with an external rotation for appropriate degrees. In this situation, although the joint line of the tibia is leveled to the height of lateral joint surface, the posterior joint line of the femur is leveled to the center of medial and lateral posterior condyle, which is a few millimeters lower than the lateral posterior condyle. This discrepancy between the proximal tibia‐posterior femoral joint line causes a tight flexion gap in cruciate‐retaining TKA. Therefore, downsizing of the femur is necessary to adjust the posterior joint line to the level of the lateral condyle.PerspectivesTo avoid this circumstance, the postoperative joint line should be leveled to the center of the original medial and lateral joint surface. Proximal tibia is resected from the lateral joint surface 1 mm to 2 mm thicker than the implant. Distal femur is resected from the worn medial surface 1 mm to 2 mm thinner than the implant. Posterior femur is resected using the posterior reference method with an external rotation for appropriate degrees. In this situation, all the joint lines are leveled to the center of the medial and lateral joint surface. Otherwise, use of an anatomically shaped implant with a physiologic joint line is another option to avoid joint line discrepancy.ConclusionsAdopting joint line theory for bone resection can prevent the flexion gap tightness that likely occurs in cruciate‐retaining TKA.
Clinical utility of an assessment scale for engagement in activities for patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia: additional analysis
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki , Umeda Ren , Kurogi Tatsunari , Nagata Yuma , Ishimaru Daiki , Fukuhara Keita , Nakai Shunsuke , Tenjin Masahiro , Nishikawa Takashi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe developed the assessment scale for engagement in activities (ASEA), an assessment tool used to quantify engagement in therapeutic activities for patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia. In this study, we report additional analyses to confirm the viability of ASEA as a reliable measurement scale.MethodsThis study included 195 patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia in a psychiatric acute‐phase hospital. Additional analyses based on the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist were as follows: (i) exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; (ii) standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC) and limit of agreement (LOA); (iii) short change score from baseline to 2 weeks; and (iv) correlation to the facial expression analysis system.ResultsExploratory factor analysis yielded two factors. This two‐factor model of ASEA exhibited an acceptable and validated model fit (comparative fit index = 0.954, Tucker Lewis index = 0.936, goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.927, adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.873, root mean square error of approximation = 0.091, standardised root mean square residual = 0.045) by confirmatory factor analysis. SEM and MDC were 1.29 and 3.80, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot for examining LOA showed no apparent fixed bias. From baseline to 2 weeks later, 129 participants were retested. The mean ASEA total score improved significantly (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test;P < 0.01, effect size = 0.25) from baseline (14.30 ± 2.63) to 2 weeks later (15.00 ± 2.73). The correlation between each emotion value was calculated using Kokoro sensor, which is an affect analysis based on human facial expression data using deep learning. For the 36 video data samples, the total score and domains of arousal, interaction, and affect in ASEA were statistically significantly correlated with the emotion value of joy, engagement, and valence (Spearman rank correlation;P < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong the few evaluation methods specific to severe dementia, ASEA is a useful scale for quantifying and evaluating the state of engagement in therapeutic activities.
Arachidonic acid matters
Authors: Xu Houguo , Meng Xiaoxue , Wei Yuliang , Ma Qiang , Liang Mengqing , Turchini Giovanni M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThroughout the evolution of fish nutrition science, the importance of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n‐6) has been somewhat overlooked, likely due to the polarizing research focus on docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n‐3) acids. Nevertheless, especially during the past two decades, increasing attention has been paid to the requirements and functions of ARA in fish nutrition, and a number of relevant studies have now been conducted on a series of fish species, including both marine and freshwater species. Those studies revealed important and diverse functions of ARA in various physiological processes, such as growth, reproduction, stress resistance, pigmentation, immunity, lipid deposition and bone development. The results of the present review, in addition to providing a state‐of‐the‐art summary of current knowledge, also revealed the complexity of ARA functions in terms of dosages, species, development stage, sex and feeding period, as well as in terms of interaction between ARA and other nutritional or non‐nutritional factors.
Ubiquitous geographic information in the emergent Metaverse
Authors: Hudson‐Smith Andy , Batty Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe sketch a brief history of the development of virtual geographic environments which build on online gaming, three‐dimensional representations of cities, and the notion that computer technologies are now so all pervasive that many different models of the same phenomenon, in this case, geospatial systems, can now be built. This enables new forms of analysis that let us explore future spatial scenarios which address key urban problems through virtual environments. These allow us to experiment with the near future and to this end, we identify three key issues. First, we look at how we can use new technologies to develop all‐embracing digital environments which are loosely called the “Metaverse”; second, the development of many models which form various kinds of digital twins having different degrees of “closeness” to the real system; and third, the emergence of platform economies that are beginning to push Metaverse‐like technologies into the economic world of networked markets. We conclude with suggestions that these technologies can be used to inform our plan‐making capabilities, for example, through geodesign, and we suggest how we might address the key challenges that need to be addressed to make their approaches ever more relevant to urban planning.
Holding hope: Financial coaching and the depoliticisation of poverty
Authors: Loomis Jessa M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the affective and temporal dimensions of hope's use in the non‐profit spaces of poverty governance. Drawing on 14 months of qualitative fieldwork at financial coaching programmes in Boston, Massachusetts, this paper explores how financial coaches understand the function of hope in their work with low‐ and moderate‐income clients. By tracing how financial coaches use hope to encourage clients to participate in and build allegiance to the contemporary economy, this paper argues that hope is foundational to how contemporary poverty alleviation programmes, of which financial coaching is indicative, depoliticise clients' lived experiences of impoverishment. Amid a resurgence of interest in the geographies of hope, the significance of this inquiry lies in its ability to offer an alternate reading of the seemingly benevolent, positive, or radical uses of hope by conceptualising hope as a placating force that cements existing economic arrangements and forecloses alternative political imaginaries. The inquiry undertaken in this paper, then, has implications not only for our understanding of the persistence of poverty, but also indicates the role of non‐profit organisations in the production and ongoing maintenance of broader systems of capitalist exploitation.
Late sodium current: incomplete inactivation triggers seizures, myotonias, arrhythmias, and pain syndromes
Authors: Fouda Mohamed A. , Ghovanloo Mohammad‐Reza , Ruben Peter C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcquired and inherited dysfunction in voltage‐gated sodium channels underlies a wide range of diseases. In addition to defects in trafficking and expression, sodium channelopathies are caused by dysfunction in one or several gating properties, for instance activation or inactivation. Disruption of channel inactivation leads to increased late sodium current, which is a common defect in seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias skeletal muscle myotonia and pain. An increase in late sodium current leads to repetitive action potentials in neurons and skeletal muscles, and prolonged action potential duration in the heart. In this Topical Review, we compare the effects of late sodium current in brain, heart, skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves.
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Unique Loss Factor Images for Complex Dynamic Systems
Authors: Gregory McDaniel J. , Liem Alyssa , Kaminski Allison 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Over the past century, a number of scalar metrics have been proposed to measure the damping of a complex system. The present work explores these metrics in the context of finite element models. Perhaps the most common is the system loss factor, which is proportional to the ratio of energy dissipated over a cycle to the total energy of vibration. However, the total energy of vibration is difficult to define for a damped system because the total energy of vibration may vary considerably over the cycle. The present work addresses this ambiguity by uniquely defining the total energy of vibration as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies averaged over a cycle. Using the proposed definition, the system loss factor is analyzed for the cases of viscous and structural damping. For viscous damping, the system loss factor is found to be equal to twice the modal damping ratio when the system is excited at an undamped natural frequency and responds in the corresponding undamped mode shape. The energy dissipated over a cycle is expressed as a sum over finite elements so that the contribution of each finite element to the system loss factor is quantified. The visual representation of terms in the sum mapped to their spatial locations creates a loss factor image. Moreover, analysis provides an easily computed sensitivity of the loss factor with respect to the damping in one or more finite elements.
Locking Zipper-Coupled Origami Tubes for Deployable Energy Absorption
Authors: Wo Zhongyuan , Raneses Julia M. , Filipov Evgueni T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Energy absorption devices are widely used to mitigate damage from collisions and impact loads. Due to the inherent uncertainty of possible impact characteristics, passive energy absorbers with fixed mechanical properties are not capable of serving in versatile application scenarios. Here, we explore a deployable design concept where origami tubes can extend, lock, and are intended to absorb energy through crushing (buckling and plasticity). This system concept is unique because origami deployment can increase the crushing distance between two impacting bodies and can tune the energy absorption characteristics. We show that the stiffness, peak crushing force, and total energy absorption of the origami tubes all increase with the deployed state. We present numerical and experimental studies that investigate these tunable behaviors under both static and dynamic scenarios. The energy-absorbing performance of the deployed origami tubes is slightly better than conventional prismatic tubes in terms of total absorbed energy and peak force. When the origami tubes are only partially deployed, they exhibit a nearly elastic collapse behavior; however, when they are locked in a more deployed configuration, they can experience non-recoverable crushing with higher energy absorption. Parametric studies reveal that the geometric design of the tube can control the nonlinear relationship between energy absorption and deployment. A physical model shows the potential of the self-locking after deployment. This concept for deployable energy-absorbing origami tubes can enable future protective systems with on-demand properties for different impact scenarios.
Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Counteracts Fitness and Virulence Costs That Accompanied Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance Acquisition
Authors: Eger Elias , Schwabe Michael , Schulig Lukas , Hübner Nils-Olaf , Bohnert Jürgen A. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Heiden Stefan E. , Müller Justus U. , Adnan Fazal , Becker Karsten , Correa-Martinez Carlos L. , Guenther Sebastian , Idelevich Evgeny A. , Baecker Daniel , Schaufler Katharina 
Published: April 2022

Extensively drug-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
causing major outbreaks and severe infections has become a significant challenge for health care systems worldwide. Rapid resistance development against last-resort therapeutics like ceftazidime-avibactam is a significant driver for the accelerated emergence of such pathogens.