bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The marine gastropod Conomurex luhuanus (Strombidae) has high-resolution spatial vision and eyes with complex retinas
Authors: Irwin Alison R. , Williams Suzanne T. , Speiser Daniel I. , Roberts Nicholas W. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
All species within the conch snail family Strombidae possess large camera-type eyes that are surprisingly well-developed compared with those found in most other gastropods. Although these eyes are known to be structurally complex, very little research on their visual function has been conducted. Here, we use isoluminant expanding visual stimuli to measure the spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity of a strombid, Conomurex luhuanus. Using these stimuli, we show that this species responds to objects as small as 1.06 deg in its visual field. We also show that C. luhuanus responds to Michelson contrasts of 0.07, a low contrast sensitivity between object and background. The defensive withdrawal response elicited by visual stimuli of such small angular size and low contrast suggests that conch snails may use spatial vision for the early detection of potential predators. We support these findings with morphological estimations of spatial resolution of 1.04 deg. These anatomical data therefore agree with the behavioural measures and highlight the benefits of integrating behavioural and morphological approaches in animal vision studies. Using contemporary imaging techniques [serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM)], we found that C. luhuanus have more complex retinas, in terms of cell type diversity, than expected based on previous studies of the group using TEM alone. We find the C. luhuanus retina comprises six cell types, including a newly identified ganglion cell and accessory photoreceptor, rather than the previously described four cell types.
A simple method reveals minimum time required to quantify steady-rate metabolism and net cost of transport for human walking
Authors: Adeyeri Bolatito , Thomas Shernice A. , Arellano Christopher J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The U-shaped net cost of transport (COT) curve of walking has helped scientists understand the biomechanical basis that underlies energy minimization during walking. However, to produce an individual's net COT curve, data must be analyzed during periods of steady-rate metabolism. Traditionally, studies analyze the last few minutes of a 6–10 min trial, assuming that steady-rate metabolism has been achieved. Yet, it is possible that an individual achieves steady rates of metabolism much earlier. However, there is no consensus on how to objectively quantify steady-rate metabolism across a range of walking speeds. Therefore, we developed a simple slope method to determine the minimum time needed for humans to achieve steady rates of metabolism across slow to fast walking speeds. We hypothesized that a shorter time window could be used to produce a net COT curve that is comparable to the net COT curve created using traditional methods. We analyzed metabolic data from 21 subjects who completed several 7 min walking trials ranging from 0.50 to 2.00 m s−1. We partitioned the metabolic data for each trial into moving 1, 2 and 3 min intervals and calculated their slopes. We statistically compared these slope values with values derived from the last 3 min of the 7 min trial, our ‘gold’ standard comparison. We found that a minimum of 2 min is required to achieve steady-rate metabolism and that data from 2–4 min yields a net COT curve that is not statistically different from the one derived from experimental protocols that are generally accepted in the field.
Effect of Surgical Humidification on Inflammation and Peritoneal Trauma in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sampurno Shienny , Chittleborough Timothy , Dean Meara , Flood Michael , Carpinteri Sandra , Roth Sara , Millen Rosemary M. , Cain Helen , Kong Joseph C. H. , MacKay John , Warrier Satish K. , McCormick Jacob , Hiller Jonathon G. , Heriot Alexander G. , Ramsay Robert G. , Lynch Andrew C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Pre-clinical studies indicate that dry-cold-carbon-dioxide (DC-CO2) insufflation leads to more peritoneal damage, inflammation and hypothermia compared with humidified-warm-CO2 (HW-CO2). Peritoneum and core temperature in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery were compared.

Methods
Sixty-six patients were randomized into laparoscopic groups; those insufflated with DC-CO2 or HW-CO2. A separate group of nineteen patients undergoing laparotomy were randomised to conventional surgery or with the insertion of a device delivering HW-CO2. Temperatures were monitored and peritoneal biopsies and bloods were taken at the start of surgery, at 1 and 3 h. Further bloods were taken depending upon hospital length-of-stay (LOS). Peritoneal samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy to evaluate mesothelial damage.

Results
Laparoscopic cases experienced a temperature drop despite Bair-HuggerTM use. HW-CO2 restored normothermia (≥ 36.5 °C) by 3 h, DC-CO2 did not. LOS was shorter for colon compared with rectal cancer cases and if insufflated with HW-CO2 compared with DC-CO2; 5.0 vs 7.2 days, colon and 11.6 vs 15.4 days rectum, respectively. Unexpectedly, one third of patients had pre-existing damage. Damage increased at 1 and 3 h to a greater extent in the DC-CO2 compared with the HW-CO2 laparoscopic cohort. C-reactive protein levels were higher in open than laparoscopic cases and lower in both matched HW-CO2 groups.

Conclusions
This prospective RCT is in accord with animal studies while highlighting pre-existing damage in some patients. Peritoneal mesothelium protection, reduced inflammation and restoration of core-body temperature data suggest benefit with the use of HW-CO2 in patients undergoing CRC surgery.
Association between Fat-Free Mass Loss after Diet and Exercise Interventions and Weight Regain in Women with Overweight
Authors: MARTINS CATIA , GOWER BARBARA A. , HUNTER GARY R. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if percent fat-free mass loss (% FFML) after diet alone, diet plus aerobic, or diet plus resistance exercise is a predictor of weight regain in women with overweight.

Methods
One hundred and forty-one premenopausal women with overweight (body mass index, 28 ± 1 kg·m−2; age, 35 ± 6 yr) enrolled in a weight loss program to achieve a body mass index <25 kg·m−2 (diet alone, diet plus resistance, or diet plus aerobic exercise) and were followed for 1 yr. Body weight and composition (with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured at baseline, after weight loss, and at 1 yr.

Results
Participants lost 12.1 ± 2.6 kg of body weight, 11.3 ± 2.5 kg of fat mass, and 0.5 ± 1.6 kg of fat-free mass during the weight loss intervention, followed by weight regain at 1 yr (6.0 ± 4.4 kg, 51.3% ± 37.8%; P < 0.001 for all). % FFML was −3.6 ± 12.4, and a greater % FFML was associated with more weight regain (r = −0.216, P = 0.01, n = 141), even after adjusting for the intervention group (β = −0.07; 95% confidence interval, −0.13 to −0.01; P = 0.017).

Conclusions
% FFML is a significant predictor of weight regain in premenopausal women with overweight. These results support strategies for conserving fat-free mass during weight loss, such as resistance training. Future research should try to identify the mechanisms, at the level of both appetite and energy expenditure, responsible for this association.
Predictors of Quadriceps Strength Asymmetry after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: STRAUB RACHEL K. , MANDELBAUM BERT , POWERS CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The influence of graft type on the restoration of quadriceps strength symmetry after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) has been widely studied. However, an important consideration when evaluating quadriceps symmetry is the fact that this measure can be influenced by numerous factors beyond graft type. This study sought to determine if graft type is predictive of quadriceps strength asymmetry during the first 12 months post-ACLR taking into consideration potentially influential factors (i.e., age, sex, body mass index, time post-ACLR).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed quadriceps strength data from 434 patients (303 female patients and 131 male patients) who had previously undergone ACLR with an autograft (hamstring tendon, quadriceps tendon [QT], patellar tendon [PT]) or allograft. Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection decision tree analysis was used to evaluate if graft type is predictive of quadriceps strength asymmetry during the first 12 months post-ACLR taking into consideration age, sex, body mass index, and time post-ACLR.

Results
The best predictor of quadriceps strength asymmetry was graft type. Specifically, three graft categories were identified: 1) allograft and hamstring tendon autograft, 2) PT autograft, and 3) QT autograft. The average quadriceps strength asymmetry for each of the three identified categories was 0.91, 0.87, and 0.81, respectively, and differed statistically from each other (P < 0.001). The second-best predictor of quadriceps strength asymmetry was sex, albeit only in the PT and QT groups (with female patients having increased asymmetry). Female patients post-ACLR with a QT autograft were at highest risk for quadriceps strength asymmetry.

Conclusions
Graft type and sex are important predictors of quadriceps strength asymmetry after ACLR. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration when designing rehabilitation protocols to restore quadriceps strength symmetry during the postoperative period.
Peruvian children toothbrushing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Garcés-Elías María Claudia , Beltrán Jorge A. , Del Castillo-López César Eduardo , Agudelo-Suárez Andrés A. , León-Manco Roberto A. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Toothbrushing is a convenient, inexpensive, widespread and culturally accepted method, resulting in an ideal public health outcome. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on toothbrushing in Peruvian children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a database of children aged 0 to 11 years, with a final sample of 39,124 participants, 15,974 in 2019 (62.03%) and 7088 in 2020 (55.54%). General toothbrushing, daily toothbrushing and minimum frequency of two times a day were dependent variables; the year was considered as the independent variable. In addition, other covariates such as geographical landscape, area of residence, place of residence, altitude, wealth index, health insurance cover, sex and age. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. Results: General toothbrushing was 96.19% (n=51 013), daily toothbrushing was 87.47% (n=42 246) and minimum toothbrushing two times a day was 84.53% (n=33 957). In multivariate form, the year presented a negative association with daily toothbrushing (RPa: 0.97; CI95%: 0.96-0.98; p<0.001) and minimum toothbrushing two times a day (RPa: 0.97; CI95%: 0.95-0.98; p<0.001), adjusted for the previously associated co-variables. Conclusions: The year 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted daily toothbrushing and minimum twice-daily toothbrushing of Peruvian children.
Performance of Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Patient-Generated Global Subjective Assessment in screening for cancer-related malnutrition in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Auma Caroline M.N. , Mweu Marshal M. , Opiyo Rose O. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Malnutrition is a common feature among oncology patients. It is responsible for poor response and tolerance to anticancer therapy, increased morbidity, and mortality. More than half of malnourished cancer patients remain undetected owing to lack of effective screening. Body mass index is the main indicator for assessing malnutrition in Kenyan public hospitals. However, it underestimates weight loss in patients with chronic illnesses. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment have been widely used in research and clinical practice and have both reported good validity and reliability. However, their diagnostic evaluation has not been performed in Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 and 76 cancer outpatients from Kenyatta National Hospital and Texas cancer treatment centres, respectively. Participants had a confirmed disease, stage 1-4 cancer, and aged 18 years and above. They were screened for malnutrition using both Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment. A separate study questionnaire was utilized to gather participant’s socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. A Bayesian latent class modelling framework was employed to infer the tests’ estimates based on participants ‘cumulative scores from the two tests. Results: The cut-off value of ≥ 1 and ≥ 4 gave the best combination of sensitivity and specificity of Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment. Both tests yielded statistically similar sensitivities and specificities. Predictive values were comparable between the tests and across the two populations. The posterior median true prevalences of malnutrition were high (˃ 54%) and numerically similar between the studied populations. Conclusions: The performance of both tests among patients with cancer is similar. Healthcare workers are therefore at liberty to use either of them to inform treatment. Given the high true prevalence of cancer-related malnutrition, routine screening is critical and should be included as part of cancer care.
A scoping review protocol of non-verbal communication utilised in peri-interventive dental and medical procedures
Authors: O'Dwyer Paul , Guzman Viveka , Wallace Emma , Doyle Frank 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Dental operative procedures, by their interventive nature, impede the opportunity for peri-intervention verbal communication between patients and clinicians. This can impair trust, consent, and shared decision making with the potential of adversely affecting patient dignity, and potentially resulting in suboptimal clinical outcomes. This scoping review aims to interrogate the literature concerning non-verbal communication methods used in dental and medical practices during peri-interventive procedures, in aiding communication between clinician and patient. We will also ascertain how these align with the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) communication theory. Methods: The framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews, will be used to guide this scoping review and reporting methodology. Selected electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus), PsychInfo, CINAHL and grey literature sources will be searched. Inclusion criteria are: articles written in the English language, publications between 2000 and 2020, peer-reviewed empirical studies, with either qualitative or quantitative data, mixed methods, reviews, book chapters and grey literature with a principal focus on non-verbal communication in the healthcare setting. A narrative synthesis will be conducted, with results reported according to elements of LCM4P theory: cognitive load, motivated messaging, message processing and memory. Conclusion: This scoping review will contribute to our methodological and theoretical understanding of the use of non-verbal communication strategies in clinical settings.
Can a high-fidelity simulation tutorial improve written examination results? Review of a change in teaching practice
Authors: Grey Clare 
Published: July 2022

Background: Undergraduate nursing students prefer technology-based learning. Simulation has been used in nursing education to provide skills acquisition and clinical exposure. Can high-fidelity simulation (HFS) be used to teach tutorial content to prepare students for a written examination? Aims: To design a pilot HFS tutorial. Method: 203 second year undergraduate nurses were timetabled to attend an HFS tutorial. Examination results at first attempt were compared with the previous cohort's results. Results: 81% of the students from the HFS tutorial cohort passed at the first attempt compared with 85% from the previous cohort. Conclusion: The HFS tutorial needs to be developed further, incorporating simulation standards, to further assess its ability to improve a student's written examination results. Students found the post-simulation discussion difficult and wanted guidance in how to participate. Involvement of the university's skills and simulation team would be recommended for future cohorts to assist with design and facilitation.
Professional reflections of a lecturer practitioner during the first COVID-19 surge
Authors: Agyekum Roseline Elsie 
Published: July 2022

I have undertaken this opportunity to reflect on the delivery of intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) among adult critically ill COVID-19 positive patients. My role in facilitating the delivery of the service within an intensive care setting is presented using Rolfe et al's 2001 reflective model. The purpose of this article is to reflect on how the process of introducing and facilitating IHD affected the renal team and impacted patient care, as well as my personal feelings and learning needs at the time and now. IHD mimics some of the metabolic functions of the native kidneys. It reduces the accumulation of waste products, corrects biochemical and metabolic derangement, and helps to maintain fluid balance. Although IHD is an individually prescribed therapy, the intended outcome among critically ill adults presents multiple challenges, particularly in relation to intended fluid loss during the therapy. Nurses are expected to continually reflect on their practice to develop their knowledge and skills, as required by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) standards of proficiency. Therefore, reflecting on how my skills have been challenged and the potential areas for development, in the context of working as a nurse lead and facilitator, is an essential part of my professional development. In terms of implications for practice, having recently completed an online leadership course has made it clear that collaboration and synergy between the renal and intensive care teams must be developed should the need for IHD recur. Redeployed staff from the renal satellite unit must familiarise themselves within acute dialysis setting prior to their redeployment to intensive care. This will ensure that concerns regarding the management of the changing haemodynamic stability of patients are addressed. Formal staff feedback would be valuable in optimising renal-intensive care collaboration, as well as identifying personal development opportunities for leaders. Creating a psychologically safe environment and a ‘seek to understand’ mindset in relation to the workforce, while inspiring the team towards autonomous clinical decision making, are pivotal to continuous personal and professional development and the delivery of quality patient care.
HydroTac—a hydro-responsive wound dressing: a review of the in vitro evidence
Authors: Rippon Mark G , Mikosiński Jacek , Rogers Alan A 
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of this review is to identify and summarise the key in vitro evidence available to support the use of HydroTac (HRWD-2) to address specific aspects associated with the treatment of both acute and hard-to-heal wounds. Background: The provision of a moist wound healing environment to support optimal wound healing has been a basic tenet in wound care since the pioneering work on the benefits of occlusion to support wound healing. Modern wound dressings have adopted the benefits of moist healing through their innovative development. HRWD-2 has been shown in clinical studies to enable and support good healing outcomes and the in vitro evidence in support of this dressing is presented in this article. Method: An online literature search (supplemented with a manual search of resources not available online) was conducted to identify articles and studies describing in vitro evidence in support of HRWD-2 in aspects important for promoting a healing response in the clinical environment. Results: In vitro studies showed that HRWD-2 contributes to balancing moisture levels and enhances the availability of growth factors known to be important for re-epithelialisation. Pre-clinical studies indicate that HRWD-2 enhances wound re-epithelialisation. Together these results suggest that HRWD-2 promotes a moist healing environment leading to the dressing supporting re-epithelialisation. In vitro data indicating an intrinsic lower in vitro adherence of HRWD-2 likely translate clinically to the benefits of an atraumatic wound dressing, including reduced pain (specifically at dressing change). Conclusion: The in vitro evidence presented in this review supports the successful clinical results reported for HRWD-2 in terms of fluid management, wound healing and pain reduction at dressing change.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanofibre mats containing Calendula officinalis extract as a wound dressing
Authors: Tahami Seyed Rasoul , Nemati Nahid Hassanzadeh , Keshvari Hamid , Khorasani Mohammad Taghi 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The present study aims to create Calendula officinalis-loaded nanofibre-based wound dressing materials to enhance the wound healing process. Calendula officinalis is an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is antipyretic, antifungal, antioedema, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory (wound, oral and pharyngeal mucosa), antispasmodic, treats chronic ocular surface diseases, acts as a stimulant and a diaphoretic. It is also used in the prevention of acute dermatitis, and in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers, wounds and burns. Method: Electrospinning is an effective method for creating nano- and microfibres for biomedical applications. Calendula officinalis (CA) of various concentrations 5%, 10% and 15%)-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SAlg) nanofibre mats were successfully produced via blend electrospinning. Nanofibre mats were evaluated using: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis; gel content; water vapour transmission rate (WVTR); swelling ratio; in vitro drug release studies; viability evaluation (cell culture and MTT assay); and an in vivo study using male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups (n=3). In each group, rats were inflicted with five full-thickness wounds on the back and were treated with sterile gauze (control), PVA/SAlg nanofibre dressing (CA-free control), PVA/SAlg/CA5%, PVA/SAlg/CA10%, and PVA/SAlg/CA15% nanofibre dressing. Results: Results showed that the obtained fibres were smooth with no surface aggregates, indicating complete incorporation of Calendula officinalis. The release of Calendula officinalis from loaded PVA/SAlg fibre mats in the first four hours was burst released and then was constant. PVA/SAlg and PVA/SAlg/CA nanofibres were not toxic to L929 mouse fibroblasts and supported cell attachment and proliferation. The results of the in vivo study showed that the PVA/SAlg/CA10% nanofibre dressing had a higher full-thickness wound healing closure rate compared with the control group on days seven, 14 and 21 after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this evaluation showed that PVA/SAlg/CA nanofibrous mats could be a candidate as an effective wound dressing; however, the percentage of CA in this compound needs further investigation.