bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Using the Targeted Solution Tool
Authors: Ragonese Barbara , Mularoni Alessandra , Valeri Andrea , Campanella Maria , Corso Brigida , Fazzina Maria Luisa , Barone Maria Angela , Arena Giuseppe , Lombardo Rosario , Luca Angelo 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a worldwide urgent health problem. Hand hygiene (HH) is an effective intervention to reduce the spread of CRE.

Local Problem:
In 2017, an increase in the rate of health care–associated (HA) CRE colonization was observed in a large multiorgan transplant center in Italy. This study aimed to reduce the HA-CRE colonization rates by improving HH compliance.

Methods:
A pre-/post-intervention project was conducted from November 2017 through December 2020.

Interventions:
The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) framework was used to implement the HH Targeted Solution Tool (TST).

Results:
Hand hygiene compliance increased from 49% to 76.9% after the Improve phase (P = .0001), and to 81.9% after the second Control phase (P = .0001). The rate of HA-CRE decreased from 24.9% to 5.6% (P = .0001).

Conclusions:
Using the DMAIC framework to implement the TST can result in significant improvements in HH compliance and HA-CRE colonization rates.
Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Elemental Mercury Intoxication in Children
Authors: Güven Deniz , Özbek İmran 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Mercury exposure is common and can be toxic, especially in children. Children are often drawn to elemental mercury because of its density, color, and proclivity to form beads.

Methods
We present data on 49 children with mercury intoxication (MI) and 60 children with mercury exposure from Turkey.

Results
The most common source of mercury was broken thermometer in schools. Inhaling mercury vapor was the most common route of exposure. The median exposure time was 6 (6–16) hours in the MI group, and the time to 1st symptoms was 10 (0–24) hours. In the MI group, the median blood mercury level was 21 μg/L (13–32.3), the median spot urine mercury level was 40 μg/L (7.66–78), and the median 24-hour urine mercury level was 25.8 μg/L (11–64). The most common symptoms in patients with MI were malaise, muscle pain, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, headache, and decreased appetite. The patients were treated with n-acetyl cysteine, 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulfonic acid, D-penicillamine, and meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. A positive correlation was found between exposure time and urinary mercury level in the MI group (r = 0.793, P < 0.001). A positive moderate correlation was found between exposure time and blood level in the mercury exposure group (r = 0.535, P < 0.00). The neurological and systemic examinations of patients were all normal at the 1st follow-up visit 1 month after discharge.

Conclusions
Diagnosis, removal of the exposure source, and use of chelation therapy can result in complete resolution of the signs and symptoms of MI.
Disentangled multi-subject and social behavioral representations through a constrained subspace variational autoencoder (CS-VAE)
Authors: Yi Daiyao , Musall Simon , Churchland Anne , Padilla-Coreano Nancy , Saxena Shreya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEffectively modeling and quantifying behavior is essential for our understanding of the brain. Modeling behavior in naturalistic settings in social and multi-subject tasks remains a significant challenge. Modeling the behavior of different subjects performing the same task requires partitioning the behavioral data into features that are common across subjects, and others that are distinct to each subject. Modeling social interactions between multiple individuals in a freely-moving setting requires disentangling effects due to the individual as compared to social investigations. To achieve flexible disentanglement of behavior into interpretable latent variables with individual and across-subject or social components, we build on a semi-supervised approach to partition the behavioral subspace, and propose a novel regularization based on the Cauchy-Schwarz divergence to the model. Our model, known as the constrained subspace variational autoencoder (CS-VAE), successfully models distinct features of the behavioral videos across subjects, as well as continuously varying differences in social behavior. Our approach vastly facilitates the analysis of the resulting latent variables in downstream tasks such as uncovering disentangled behavioral motifs, the efficient decoding of a novel subject’s behavior, and provides an understanding of how similarly different animals perform innate behaviors.
Prefrontal representation of affective stimuli: importance of stress, sex, and context
Authors: Wallace Tyler , Myers Brent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder diminishes health-related quality-of-life and disproportionality impacts females. Negative life events predict the onset of depressive symptoms including negative mood, anhedonia, and social withdrawal. While the neurobiology of affective illness is not completely understood, structural and functional changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) associate with mood and anxiety disorders. Rodent studies have investigated the prefrontal impact of chronic stress, a preclinical model of mood disruption. However, ex vivo slice and postmortem histological studies have focused largely on males and yielded mixed results. Although genetically-defined recordings in behaving animals of both sexes have not been reported. Here, we hypothesized that chronic variable stress (CVS) would reduce the neural processing of affective stimuli in the infralimbic region of rodent vmPFC region. To test this hypothesis, we targeted expression of a fluorescent calcium indicator, GCaMP6s, to infralimbic pyramidal cells. In males, CVS reduced infralimbic responses to social interaction and restraint stress but increased responses to novel objects and food reward. In contrast, females did not have CVS-induced changes in infralimbic activity, which was partially dependent on ovarian status. Collectively, these results indicate that both male and female vmPFC pyramidal cells encode social, stress, and reward stimuli. However, chronic stress effects are sex-dependent and behavior-specific. Ultimately, these findings extend the understanding of chronic stress-induced prefrontal dysfunction and indicate that sex is a critical factor for cortical processing of affective stimuli.SignificanceMood disorders are often preceded by stressful experiences and exhibit sex differences in prevalence. Further, affective illness is frequently accompanied by changes in prefrontal cortical function. However, the neurobiology that underlies sex-specific cortical processing of affective stimuli is poorly understood. Therefore, the current studies employ cell type-specific calcium photometry to determine the effects of chronic stress on ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity in male and female rats. Our results indicate that chronic stress exposure differentially alters vmPFC encoding of social, stress, and reward stimuli. Moreover, the sex-specific effects of chronic stress are partially mediated by ovarian hormones. Ultimately, our results indicate that prolonged stress alters vmPFC function in a context-dependent and sex-specific manner, contributing to the biological bases for sex differences in emotional processing.
Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Mice with Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor - Associated Factor 2 Mediated Cytoprotection in the Heart
Authors: Marshall Andrea G. , Neikirk Kit , Vue Zer , Beasley Heather K. , Garza-Lopez Edgar , Vang Larry , Barongan Taylor , Evans Zoe , Crabtree Amber , Spencer Elsie , Anudokem Josephs , Parker Remy , Davis Jamaine , Stephens Dominique , Damo Steven , Pham Thuy T. , Gomez Jose A. , Exil Vernat , Dai Dao-fu , Murray Sandra , Entman Mark L. , Taffet George E , Hinton Antentor O. , Reddy Anilkumar K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany studies in mice have demonstrated that cardiac-specific innate immune signaling pathways can be reprogrammed to modulate inflammation in response to myocardial injury and improve outcomes. While the echocardiography standard parameters of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and end-diastolic diameter, and others, are used to assess cardiac function, their dependency on loading conditions somewhat limit their utility in completely reflecting the contractile function and global cardiovascular efficiency of the heart. A true measure of global cardiovascular efficiency should include of the interaction between the ventricle and the aorta (ventriculo-vascular coupling, VVC) as well as measures of aortic impedance and pulse wave velocity. We measured cardiac Doppler velocities, blood pressures, along with VVC, aortic impedance, and pulse wave velocity to evaluate global cardiac function in mouse model of cardiac-restricted low levels TRAF2 overexpression that conferred cytoprotection in the heart. While previous studies reported that response to myocardial infraction and reperfusion was improved in the TRAF2 overexpressed mice, we found that TRAF2 mice had significantly lower cardiac systolic velocities and accelerations, diastolic atrial velocity, lower aortic pressures and rate-pressure product, lower LV contractility and relaxation, and lower stroke work when compared to littermate control mice. Also, we found significantly longer aortic ejection time, isovolumic contraction and relaxation times, and significantly higher mitral early/atrial ratio, myocardial performance index, and ventricular vascular coupling in the TRAF2 overexpression mice compared to their littermate controls. We found no significant differences in the aortic impedance and pulse wave velocity. While the reported tolerance to ischemic insults in TRAF2 overexpression mice may suggest enhanced cardiac reserve, our results indicate a diminished cardiac function in these mice.
Neural cognitive signals during spontaneous movements in the macaque
Authors: Tremblay Sébastien , Testard Camille , DiTullio Ron W. , Inchauspé Jeanne , Petrides Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe single neuron basis of cognitive processing in primates has mostly been studied in laboratory settings where movements are severely restricted. It is unclear, therefore, how natural movements might affect neural signatures of cognition in the brain. Moreover, studies in mice indicate that body movements, when measured, account for most of the neural dynamics in the cortex. To examine this issue, we recorded from single neuron ensembles in the prefrontal cortex in moving monkeys performing a cognitive task and characterized eyes, head, and body movements using video tracking. Despite significant trial-to-trial movement variability, single neuron tuning could be precisely measured and decision signals accurately decoded on a single-trial basis. Creating or abolishing spontaneous movements through head restraint and task manipulations had no measurable impact on neural responses. However, encoding models showed that uninstructed movements explained as much neural variance as task variables, with most of them aligned to task events. These results demonstrate that cognitive signals in the cortex are robust to natural movements, but also that unmeasured movements are potential confounds in cognitive neurophysiology experiments.
Food price dynamics and regional clusters: machine learning analysis of egg prices in China
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhou Lin , Höschle Lisa , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe study uses machine learning techniques to cluster regional retail egg prices after 2000 in China. Furthermore, it combines machine learning results with econometric models to study determinants of cluster affiliation. Eggs are an inexpensiv, nutritious and sustainable animal food. Contextually, China is the largest country in the world in terms of both egg production and consumption. Regional clustering can help governments to imporve the precision of price policies and help producers make better investment decisions. The results are purely driven by data.Design/methodology/approachThe study introduces dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm which takes into account time series properties to analyze provincial egg prices in China. The results are compared with several other algorithms, such as TADPole. DTW is superior, though it is computationally expensive. After the clustering, a multinomial logit model is run to study the determinants of cluster affiliation.FindingsThe study identified three clusters. The first cluster including 12 provinces and the second cluster including 2 provinces are the main egg production provinces and their neighboring provinces in China. The third cluster is mainly egg importing regions. Clusters 1 and 2 have higher price volatility. The authors confirm that due to transaction costs, the importing areas may have less price volatility.Practical implicationsThe machine learning techniques could help governments make more precise policies and help producers make better investment decisions.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to use machine learning techniques to cluster food prices. It also combines machine learning and econometric models to better study price dynamics.
Impact on recommendation performance of online review helpfulness and consistency
Authors: Park Jaeseung , Li Xinzhe , Li Qinglong , Kim Jaekyeong 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe existing collaborative filtering algorithm may select an insufficiently representative customer as the neighbor of a target customer, which means that the performance in providing recommendations is not sufficiently accurate. This study aims to investigate the impact on recommendation performance of selecting influential and representative customers.Design/methodology/approachSome studies have shown that review helpfulness and consistency significantly affect purchase decision-making. Thus, this study focuses on customers who have written helpful and consistent reviews to select influential and representative neighbors. To achieve the purpose of this study, the authors apply a text-mining approach to analyze review helpfulness and consistency. In addition, they evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology using several real-world Amazon review data sets for experimental utility and reliability.FindingsThis study is the first to propose a methodology to investigate the effect of review consistency and helpfulness on recommendation performance. The experimental results confirmed that the recommendation performance was excellent when a neighbor was selected who wrote consistent or helpful reviews more than when neighbors were selected for all customers.Originality/valueThis study investigates the effect of review consistency and helpfulness on recommendation performance. Online review can enhance recommendation performance because it reflects the purchasing behavior of customers who consider reviews when purchasing items. The experimental results indicate that review helpfulness and consistency can enhance the performance of personalized recommendation services, increase customer satisfaction and increase confidence in a company.
Exploring the value of mentorship for women police officers
Authors: Lavender Logan , Todak Natalie 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe paper explores the prevalence of mentorship opportunities for women police officers, the nature of mentorship relationships, and their perceived effect on women’s career advancement.Design/methodology/approachData consist of online surveys (N = 924) with women police officers working in the United States. A content analysis of emergent themes from one open ended survey question was conducted.FindingsFindings underscore the central importance of mentorship in policing, the lack of mentorship among women due to in-group competition, and participants’ active participation in mentoring future generations of women officers.Originality/valueFactors contributing to the lack of gender diversity and specifically the retention of women in policing, are not well understood. The underrepresentation of women in coveted specialty assignments and upper ranking positions is also of concern. A possible explanation is that women officers lack role models and networking opportunities that are more readily available to men in this male-dominated field, which could encourage women to remain in law enforcement and assist in their career advancement. As many agencies have or are beginning to establish mentorship programs for women, research focused on the need for and effectiveness of mentorship for women officers is needed.
Exploring the factors influencing consumer preference toward dairy products: an empirical research
Authors: Bahety Pankaj Kumar , Sarkar Souren , De Tanmoy , Kumar Vimal , Mittal Ankesh 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to identify the major factors influencing the consumers to prefer milk products and also to analyze the awareness level of the Indian consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the data is obtained through a structured questionnaire from Indian consumers considering convenience sampling under the nonprobability sampling technique. The consumer preference is explained using a multiple-regression model followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), which shed insight on the significant differences between the variables that influence consumer preference for dairy products.

Findings
Investigation is done to analyze the factors influencing the consumers' buying behavior toward milk and its products. The results showed that quality, health consciousness, price and availability are the most influencing factors to buy milk products. Quantity of milk showed a significant relationship between age, monthly income and family size.

Research limitations/implications
This study helps marketing managers to frame the marketing strategies based on consumer preference, quality, health consciousness, price and availability. The research outcome will not only be advantageous for the entrepreneurial perspective but also takes care of consumer likeliness. Though the research reveals the opinion of Indian consumers, it limits the likeliness of the western world. Because of the scarcity of resources, several dairy products are unexplored, which could pave the future scope of research.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study is to identify the quality, health consciousness, price and availability are the most influencing factors to buy milk products considering ANOVA and the multiple regression model.
Evolutionary divergence via sexual selection acting on females in a species with sex role reversal
Authors: Hare Robin M. , Kennington W. Jason , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

There is much evidence that sexual selection drives the evolutionary divergence of male sexual traits, but little is known of females.

Comparisons between neutral genetic divergence (FST) and phenotypic divergence (PST) among populations can reveal evolutionary responses to selection.

In the bushcricket Kawanaphila nartee, changes in floral food availability cause sex roles to shift from competitive females and choosy males to choosy females and competitive males midway through the breeding season. Males call to attract females, and female auditory spiracle size is under sexual selection. We ask whether selection on females can drive an evolutionary divergence in auditory spiracle size among populations.

We sampled 188 individuals from nine geographic locations and analysed 9478 neutral SNP loci and two phenotypic characters to estimate FST and PST respectively.

We found that PST for female auditory spiracle size far exceeded the global FST, suggesting that female auditory spiracle size is subject to strong directional selection. We relate differences in phenotypic traits to differences in geological and floristic characteristics among the sites.

Our data suggest that variation in sexual selection driven by variation in the floristic community on which this species feeds may contribute to the strength of directional selection acting on female K. nartee among populations.

Together, these findings indicate that divergence among populations can be driven by sexual selection acting on females, even when that selection is temporary and circumscribed.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
KIF23 promotes autophagy‐induced imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia through activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Huang Yong , Yuan Chunyan , Liu Qiwei , Wang Lingying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImatinib, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, shows remarkable efficacy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Autophagy protects tumour cells against chemotherapeutic stimulation and contributes to imatinib resistance in CML. Kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) is involved in cytokinesis and associated with autophagy. The role of KIF23 in autophagy‐induced imatinib resistance in CML was investigated. First, to induce drug resistance, CML cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of imatinib. The concentration of imatinib resistance in CML cells was screened through upregulation of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. KIF23 was elevated in imatinib‐resistant tissues and cells of CML. Second, knockdown of KIF23 reduced IC50 values of imatinib‐resistant CML cells to imatinib. Moreover, silence of KIF23 also suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of imatinib‐resistant CML cells. Third, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the number of LC3 bright spots in imatinib‐resistant CML cells was reduced by silence of KIF23. Knockdown of KIF23 upregulated p62 expression and downregulated the expression ratio of LC3‐II to LC3‐I in imatinib‐resistant CML cells. Last, silence of KIF23 decreased nuclear β‐catenin and increased cytoplasmic β‐catenin in imatinib‐resistant CML cells. Activator of Wnt/β‐catenin attenuated KIF23 silence‐induced increase of apoptosis and decrease of autophagy in imatinib‐resistant CML cells. In conclusion, loss of KIF23 repressed autophagy‐induced imatinib resistance in CML cells through inactivation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
The experience of transitioning to adulthood for young people on the autistic spectrum in theUK: a framework synthesis of current evidence using an Ecosystemic model
Authors: Crompton Rebecca J. , Bond Caroline 
Published: September 2022

Transitioning to adulthood presents particular difficulties for young people on the autistic spectrum. This review looks at the views of key stakeholders regarding the transition to adulthood and associated support, within the UK. Four databases were searched and of the 564 initial results, nine papers met the inclusion criteria. A framework synthesis approach was taken, using the biopsychosocial ecological model (Kranzler et al., 2020) (School Psychology, 35, 2020 and 419) to map the experiences of individuals on the autistic spectrum, their families and professionals. Data analysis was conducted deductively with findings highlighting the challenging experiences young people and their families face and systemic barriers to accessing and providing support. Facilitative factors are identified, indicating a need for more inter‐agency collaboration, inclusivity and individualisation of support. There was substantial interaction between the systems surrounding the child, indicating a complex and multi‐faceted impact on experience. Further support is provided for the applicability of ecosystemic models to the study of autism. Key policy suggestions and gaps in the research base are considered.