bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding the information structure underlying the neural representation of concepts
Authors: Fernandino Leonardo , Tong Jia-Qing , Conant Lisa L. , Humphries Colin J. , Binder Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThe ability to identify individual objects or events as members of a kind (e.g., “knife,” “dog,” or “party”) is a fundamental aspect of human cognition. It allows us to quickly access a wealth of information pertaining to a newly encountered object or event and use it to guide our behavior. How is this information represented in the brain? We used functional MRI to analyze patterns of brain activity corresponding to hundreds of familiar concepts and quantitatively characterized the informational structure of these patterns. Our results indicate that conceptual knowledge is stored as patterns of neural activity that encode sensory-motor and affective information about each concept, contrary to the long-held idea that concept representations are independent of sensory-motor experience.
Different α-synuclein prion strains cause dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Ayers Jacob I. , Lee Joanne , Monteiro Octovia , Woerman Amanda L. , Lazar Ann A. , Condello Carlo , Paras Nick A. , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are caused by α-synuclein prions that differ from each other and from those causing Parkinson’s disease (PD). DLB prions differ in their infectivity from those causing MSA or PD. The wild-type, normal version of the α-synuclein protein has the acidic amino acid glutamate (E) at residue 46, while in cases of inherited PD, it is mutated to the basic amino acid lysine (K). Using genetically engineered α-synuclein, we identified unique conditions for propagating MSA and DLB prions. Being able to distinguish among strains of naturally occurring α-synuclein prions may make it possible to develop strain-specific therapeutics for MSA, DLB, and PD.
Is focus a root phenomenon?
Authors: Lahousse Karen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article argues that some types of syntactically
marked focus are root (main clause) phenomena in French. We show
that c’est (‘it is’) clefts, which explicitly mark
narrow new information focus, are root phenomena, in contrast with
il y a (‘there is’) clefts marking broad new
information focus and contrastive focus
c’est-clefts. Nominal inversion in French behaves
in the opposite way and is argued to be an ‘inverse root
phenomenon’. These observations are explained by Krifka’s (2017) notion of a
‘judge’, its relation to epistemic modality and the distinction
between assertive embedded clauses (in which root phenomena occur)
and non-assertive embedded clauses (in which root phenomena do not
occur).
Unmarked use of marked syntactic structures
Authors: Gabriel Christoph , Grünke Jonas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bulgarian Judeo-Spanish (BJS) is characterized by its
frequent use of structures that are considered highly marked or even
ungrammatical in Mainstream Spanish (MS). The analysis of
semi-spontaneous data, recorded from four BJS-Bulgarian bilinguals,
and the comparison with a same-sized Madrid Spanish control corpus
reveal that BJS offers a broader gamut of possessive constructions
and allows for fronting of non-subject constituents in
information-structurally neutral contexts. A rating task carried out
with 8 MS natives confirms that such structures are perceived as
marked in MS. The fact that BJS patterns with both Old Spanish and
contemporary Bulgarian regarding its repertoire of possessives and
the use of fronting structures suggests an interpretation which
refers to both its ancestor and the present-day contact
language.
Phonological parsing via an integrated I-language
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Schwartz and Sprouse (2021) argue against property-by-property Transfer (Westergaard, 2021a, b) and for wholesale transfer (Rothman, 2015) into a third language grammar by questioning the cognitive plausibility of “extracting a proper subpart from the … grammar and using that proper sub-system as the basis for a new cognitive state.” I will argue that the insights from the approaches of López (2020); Lightfoot (2020); Dresher (2018), and Westergaard (2021a) when applied to empirical data from L3 English data from L1 Arabic/L2 French speakers, give us reason to question Schwartz and Sprouse’s defence of wholesale transfer, and its typological underpinnings. We can set the study of L3A in a larger context which can unify domains such as the acquisition of phonology and syntax via a unified approach to parsing. By invoking an underspecified, minimal UG, primary linguistic data, and domain-general third factors which act in concert to parse the E-language to select structures, we can capture the underlying similarity of first, second, and third language acquisition. Parsing proceeds in an error-driven fashion, structure by structure, drawing on the Integrated I-language and UG options found in a Repository. In essence, this approach renders the wholesale/property-by-property distinction a false dichotomy.
Caffeine ingestion attenuates diurnal variation of lower‐body ballistic performance in resistance‐trained women
Authors: Robles‐González Lidia , Ramírez Maldonado Mauricio , Alcalá‐Escamilla Juan Carlos , Jurado‐Fasoli Lucas , Miras‐Moreno Sergio , Soriano Marcos A. , García‐Ramos Amador , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe present study investigates the effect of an acute intake of caffeine on the diurnal variation of neuromuscular performance in resistance‐trained women. A total of 15 resistance‐trained women participated in the current triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover experimental study. We assessed neuromuscular performance (i.e. ballistic (countermovement jump [CMJ] height and bench press throw [BPT] peak velocity), maximal strength (squat and bench press [BP] one‐repetition maximum [1RM]), and strength‐endurance [average velocity of the set during squat and number of repetitions‐to‐failure in BP]) four times at within 7 days. The participants ingested an acute dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo at 9–11 am and/or 17–19 pm. CMJ height (P = .016) and BP peak velocity (P = .012) were higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Compared to placebo, caffeine intake increased CMJ height by 3.1% in the morning and 1.6% in the afternoon (P = .035), but it had no effect on BPT peak velocity (P = .381). Maximal strength and strength‐endurance performances were not affected by the time‐of‐day or caffeine intake (all P > .3). No significant interaction (time‐of‐day x substance) was observed in any of the above‐mentioned outcomes (all P > .1). In conclusion, an acute dose of caffeine in the morning was effective to restore CMJ performance to levels found in the afternoon, while this effect was not observed neither in BPTpeak velocity nor in lower‐ and upper‐body maximal strength and strength‐endurance performance. Moreover, lower‐ and upper‐body ballistic performance were greater in the afternoon than in the morning in resistance‐trained women, while the acute intake of caffeine was only effective to increase CMJ height.Highlights
Ballistic performance is probably higher in the afternoon than in the morning in resistance‐trained women.
An acute intake of caffeine is effective to increase countermovement jump performance.
The ingestion of an acute dose of caffeine in the morning restored countermovement jump performance to levels found in the afternoon.
Non-commutativity and non-inertial effects on a scalar field in a cosmic string space-time: II. Spin-zero Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau-like oscillator
Authors: Cuzinatto Rodrigo Rocha , de Montigny Marc , Pompeia Pedro José 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the non-inertial effects of a rotating frame on a spin-zero, Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau-like oscillator in a cosmic string space-time with non-commutative geometry in the momentum space. The spin-zero DKP-like oscillator is obtained from the Klein–Gordon Lagrangian with a non-standard prescription for the oscillator coupling. We find that the solutions of the time-independent radial equation with the non-zero non-commutativity parameter parallel to the string are related to the confluent hypergeometric function. We find the quantized energy eigenvalues of the non-commutative oscillator.
Gender differences in test anxiety and self-efficacy: why instructors should emphasize low-stakes formative assessments in physics courses
Authors: Malespina Alysa , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many prior studies have investigated female and male students’ self-efficacy (SE) in physics courses. However, test anxiety (TA) is rarely studied in the physics context, despite prior work suggesting it may play a detrimental role in the development of SE. In this study, we explore the relationships between SE, TA, and gender differences in introductory calculus-based physics performance. Although there has been research that uses TA and SE to predict student grades, no study to our knowledge has investigated this in the context of low- (e.g., homework and quizzes) and high-stakes (e.g., traditional exams) physics assessments. Using validated survey data and grade information, we compared the predictive power of SE and TA on student performance on a variety of assessment types. We found that there are gender differences in both SE and TA, as well as in high-stakes assessment outcomes. There were no gender differences in low-stakes assessment scores. Further, we found that models that control for SE and/or TA eliminate the predictive power of gender for high-stakes assessment outcomes. Finally, we found that SE partially mediates the effect of TA on high-stakes assessment outcomes. From these results, we make several suggestions for instructors that may alleviate the adverse effects of TA and make physics assessments more equitable and inclusive.
A self-powered intelligent glove for real-time human-machine gesture interaction based on piezoelectric effect of T-ZnO/PVDF film
Authors: Gao Chuanqiang , Long Zhihe , Zhong Tianyan , Liang Shan , Xing Lili 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the emerging field of human-machine interaction, intelligent gesture recognition techniques have great application prospects. The traditional use of rigid and over-sized power units has restrained the development of wearable gesture recognition systems. Here, we present a self-powered intelligent glove based on piezoelectric motion sensor arrays for real-time gesture recognition. The system can be confortably worn on human hands, and mainly consists of three parts: a flexible piezoelectric motion sensor based on T-ZnO/PVDF film (T-ZnO, tetrapod ZnO nanostructures), a signal processing module for analyzing the sensing information, and a Bluetooth unit for wireless communication. The system can work without external power, and the piezoelectric output can act as both the energy source of the system and the sensing signal. The working mechanism can be attributed to the piezoelectric effect of T-ZnO/PVDF composites and with flexion and extension of the fingers, a series of pulse signals can be generated and converted into specific corresponding codes. The sensing signal can be wirelessly transmitted to smartphones through the Bluetooth unit, and the phone can recognize the codes corresponding to sign language actions and translate them. This work can potentially promote the development of the next generation of human-machine interaction systems and expand the scope of self-powered techniques and wearable electronics.
Excitonic condensation state in the assistance of the adiabatic and anti-adiabatic phonons
Authors: Do Thi-Hong-Hai , Phan Van-Nham 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The excitonic condensate in semimetal and semiconducting materials with the assistance of the phonons in both the adiabatic and anti-adiabatic regimes has been investigated. In the framework of the random phase approximation, we analyse the static excitonic susceptibility function once the electrons and holes are described in the extended Falicov–Kimball model involving the electron–phonon interaction. The excitonic condensate transition point is detected as a divergence of the susceptibility function. The complex phase diagrams exhibit the significant impact of the adiabatic phonons on the stability of the excitonic condensation state. In contrast, phonons in the anti-adiabatic regime play a less role in the formation and the condensation of the excitons. Depending on the temperature or the external pressure, the excitonic condensate stability and its Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer–Bose–Einstein condensation crossover in the systems are also discussed in detail.
First-principles study of fission products Xe and Cs behaviors in U3Si2
Authors: Hu Jutao , Li Menglu , Gong Hengfeng , Ren Qisen , Liao Yehong , Xiao Haiyan , Zu Xiaotao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the past several decades, the U3Si2 has received much attention for the development of accident tolerant fuel in light water reactors because of its superior thermal conductivity and higher uranium density. In this study, density functional theory calculations have been carried out to study the occupation and diffusion behaviors of fission products Xe and Cs in U3Si2. It is revealed that the occupation sites of Xe and Cs depend on the chemical environment, and both of Xe and Cs are favorable to substitute for U or Si sites. The diffusions of Xe and Cs in U3Si2 are predicted to be via the vacancy mechanism and both of Xe and Cs form cluster easily. As compared with Cs, the Xe exhibits a smaller solubility, faster diffusion as well as stronger clustering tendency, which may cause larger bubble size for Xe than Cs under the same conditions in U3Si2. The differences in the diffusion behaviors between Xe and Cs mainly result from their different valence electronic configurations and different atomic radii.
Radiological impact of the atomic centre Centro Atómico Ezeiza on humans and non-human biota
Authors: Amado Valeria A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work aimed to estimate the radiation doses to humans and non-human biota arising from the operation of the atomic centre Centro Atómico Ezeiza (CAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina. To this end, atmospheric and liquid average discharges for the period 2014–2016, corresponding to all the facilities of the CAE in normal operation were considered. The PC-CREAM 08 and CROM8 codes were applied taking into account local characteristics and reference values. The radiation doses to both humans and non-human biota estimated were considerably lower than the values recommended to protect people and the environment. Thus, it is possible to conclude that both the environment and the human population near the CAE are extremely unlikely to experience any harmful radiological effects caused by the operation of this atomic centre.
A novel arrhythmia classification of electrocardiogram signal based on modified HRNet and ECA
Authors: Hua Jing , Li Xingxiu , Liu Jizhong , Tang Jianjun , Rao Jue , Deng Hong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have been widely used to detect cardiac arrhythmia. Visual inspection is not only time consuming, but also may lead to misdiagnosis and affect the prevention or treatment of the disease. Therefore, automatic diagnosis which can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis is needed to assist doctors with arrhythmia diagnosis. Due to its capacity for high resolution, HRNet has attracted extensive attention for classification in recent years. However, HRNet is only designed for two-dimensional images, and thus is not suitable for ECG signal classification. In this paper, we propose an arrhythmia classification scheme which is based on a modified HRNet and efficient channel attention (ECA) to classify five arrhythmia types. The proposed scheme first divides the original ECG signal into 5 s segments of 1800 sampling points. Then, the segments are fed into the improved HRNet network for automatic learning and classification. Extensive simulations have been performed on the MIT-BIH database to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme achieves an average accuracy of 99.86%, which is superior to the benchmarking methods.
A new technique using background oriented schlieren for temperature reconstruction of an axisymmetric open reactive flow
Authors: Wahls Benjamin H , Ekkad Srinath V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new technique, called 3D ray tracing, for refractive index field reconstruction of axisymmetric flows from displacement fields measured from background oriented schlieren (BOS) experiments is developed and applied to a lean premixed methane/air reactive flow at Reynolds number of 4000 on a 12 mm diameter circular burner. The temperature distribution is then calculated using a species independent direct relationship between refractive index, temperature, and ambient conditions. The error introduced by the approximation to reach this relationship is quantified using simulated flow fields and is found to be 8% within the inner unburnt region of the flow field, decreasing to 2% through the reaction zone, and then quickly reducing to 0% outside the flow field. The effect of random noise and reconstruction resolution on the accuracy of the method is assessed via application to synthetically generated data sets that mimic the characteristics of a heated air jet expelled into ambient. The novel 3D ray tracing allows for accurate temperature reconstructions of open axisymmetric reactive flows where 2D displacement fields are measured, which is shown to be a shortcoming of current direct methods in literature. Additionally, this is done without the need for any prior knowledge of flow field parameters; only ambient conditions to the system must be known. The simple experimental setup and low computational cost make this approach with BOS a good option for application into existing experimental combustion systems with minimal effort.
Development of a new high-precision friction test platform and experimental study of friction characteristics for pneumatic cylinders
Authors: Qian Pengfei , Pu Chenwei , Liu Lei , Li Xiang , Zhang Bing , Gu Zhenye , Meng Deyuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to achieve high-precision pneumatic cylinder friction test, this paper proposes a new direct measurement method based on electric cylinder in which the axially acting forces from the compressed air in the two facing pneumatic cylinders cancel each other out and the detected value of the force transducer is just friction. For the sake of the implementation of the method, a new low-cost test method for identifying deadband of proportional directional valve was proposed, and a set of fuzzy PI constant pressure control system was designed to cope with a certain degree of leakage in the chamber. Based on the above, a friction test platform with two pneumatic cylinders facing each other was eventually built to study the influence of pressure, pressure difference, and piston speed on the friction of two commonly used different types of pneumatic cylinders. Through multiple sets of tests, it is found that when the lip seals are used in pairs between the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder, the friction between the piston and the cylinder is only related to the sum of the two chamber pressures, but not to the pressure difference between the two chambers. When the O-ring seal is used between the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder, the friction between the piston and the cylinder is related not only to the pressure of the two chambers, but also to the pressure difference between the two chambers. In addition, a series of comparative tests with the traditional single-cylinder friction test method directly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new method.
Low-temperature n-type doping of insulating ultrathin amorphous indium oxide using H plasma-assisted annealing
Authors: Seo Hojun , Lee Sang Yeon , Lee Jeongsu , Kim Sunjin , Sul Onejae , Seo Hyungtak , Lee Seung-Beck 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Low-temperature process compatibility is a key factor in successfully constructing additional functional circuits on top of pre-existing circuitry without corrupting characteristics thereof, a technique that typically requires die-to-die (wafer-to-wafer) stacking and interconnecting. And against thermal annealing, which is mandatory and is possible only globally for activating amorphous oxide semiconductors, the selective control of electrical characteristics of the oxide thin-films for integrated circuit applications is challenging. Here, a low-temperature process that enables n-type doping of the designed region of insulating In2O3 thin-film is demonstrated. A short hydrogen plasma treatment followed by low-temperature annealing is used to increase interstitial and substitutional hydrogen associated bond states creating shallow donor levels in the insulating In2O3 surface to transform the thin-film into an n-type semiconductor. As a result, an In2O3 thin-film transistor with a high on/off current ratio (>108), a field-effect mobility of 3.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a threshold voltage of ∼3.0 V has been developed. Compared to performing just thermal annealing, the H-plasma assisted annealing process resulted in an n-type In2O3 thin-film transistor showing similar characteristics, while the processing time was reduced by ∼1/3 and the plasma-untreated area still remained insulating. With further development, the hydrogen plasma doping process may make possible a monolithic planar process technology for amorphous oxide semiconductors.
Tell me how long it takes for light to travel and I will tell you how fast you go
Authors: Russo Ivan , Iuele Giuseppe , Iovane Gerardo , Benedetto Elmo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Italian Government’s Ministry of Public Education has introduced the special theory of relativity for students in their last year of high school. For this reason, we often organize in-depth lessons on modern physics, in general, and on relativity theory in particular. Often, even simple new comers of physics participate. For example, we would like to show, in a subsequence lesson in the classroom, a relation proposed by the first author of this paper, a distinguished jurist and lover of general science. This relation allows us to deduce the Lorentz factor without knowing the relative velocity between the reference frames.