bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' perspectives of pain assessment and management in dementia care in hospital
Authors: Tsai Yvette I‐Pei , Browne Graeme , Inder Kerry Jill 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore nurses' perspectives and generate recommendations for nursing practice of pain assessment and management in dementia care in a hospital setting.MethodsSemi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with nurses who had experience in dementia care from two care units of a regional hospital. Data were analysed using six phases of reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsEight nurses from two inpatient units of a local district hospital were interviewed. Five themes were identified: (1) ways of understanding, (2) practicality of pain assessment tools, (3) usefulness of pain scores, (4) analgesia use and (5) limitations to practice. Nurses perceived pain tools did not sufficiently help to assess pain in people with dementia, and adaptation was often needed when scoring pain. Overuse of analgesia, trial‐and‐error practice and delayed prescriptions for analgesia limited pain management effectiveness for people with dementia during hospitalisation.ConclusionsPain tools are preferably used as a complementary method in addition to nurses' intuitional judgement. Reporting pain via scores requires a more complete narrative description from the source of pain reports to allow clinicians to accurately report a persons' pain. Clinicians must minimise trial‐and‐error practice in analgesia by conducting comprehensive pain assessments. Health‐care organisations need to foster timely collaboration between clinicians to support nurses' practice limitations for effective analgesia administration in dementia care.
Congenital heart disease does not entail an increased risk for severe COVID‐19
Authors: Ekman‐Joelsson Britt‐Marie , Sunnegårdh Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo analyse the risk of developing serious disease or death due to COVID‐19 among patients who underwent heart surgery during childhood.MethodsA retrospective combined register and patient file study. We identified all individuals who had undergone surgery for congenital heart disease in childhood between 1994 and 2019 in our Local Surgical Register that covers half of the Swedish population. This effort was cross‐tabulated with the diagnosis of COVID‐19 entered in the National Register of Diagnoses in Sweden from 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2021. Severe disease was defined as treatment at an intensive care unit (ICU).ResultsWe identified 3950 individuals, and the median age at follow‐up was 16 years (1–44). A total of 32 patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Five of them were hospitalised for more than 2 days (5–32 days). Two adults required treatment at an ICU; both had additional comorbidity and one died. The corresponding number of ICU stays for this age range in Sweden was 2020 approximately 0.13/1000 person‐years, reported from The Swedish Intensive Care Registry.ConclusionsThere was no increased rate of severe COVID‐19 among individuals who had undergone surgery for congenital heart disease in childhood. Additional comorbidity is related to outcome.
Outpatient versus inpatient cervical ripening with a slow‐release dinoprostone vaginal insert in term pregnancies on maternal, neonatal, and birth outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Mazzoli Ilenia , O'Malley Deirdre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundsOutpatient induction of labor (IOL) is an alternative choice offered to pregnant women requiring cervical ripening. Outpatient IOL can provide solutions in terms of women empowerment, but most importantly promotes as normal labor as possible, within the medical context of the IOL. The objectives of this systematic review were to assess safety and effectiveness of cervical ripening performed with a slow‐release dinoprostone vaginal insert in term pregnancies in two settings: the outpatient (home) versus the inpatient (hospital).MethodsThe electronic databases Cinahl, Embase, Medline and Maternity and Infant Care were searched to detect studies that met the inclusion criteria. Both reviewers collected the data and assessed the quality of the studies and assessed the pooled odds ratio using a 95% confidence interval and a random‐effects model. Primary outcomes were linked to maternal and neonatal morbidity. Secondary outcomes were related to birth outcomes.ResultsNo statistical difference was seen between the outpatient and inpatient setting in terms of maternal complications, neonatal morbidity, cesarean section, and labor onset <24 h. Women in the outpatient setting were significantly less likely to experience uterine hyperstimulation, and they were also significantly more likely to require oxytocin to augment or induce their labor than the women in the inpatient setting. Women in the outpatient setting were more satisfied with the cervical ripening experience.ConclusionsCervical ripening with a slow‐release dinoprostone vaginal insert in term pregnancies in the outpatient setting appears as safe as the inpatient setting in terms of maternal, neonatal, and birth outcomes.
Brain volume in Tanzanian children with sickle cell anaemia: A neuroimaging study
Authors: Jacob Mboka , Kawadler Jamie M. , Murdoch Russell , Ahmed Magda , Tutuba Hilda , Masamu Upendo , Shmueli Karin , Saunders Dawn E. , Clark Chris A. , Kim Jinna , Hamdule Shifa , Makani Julie , Stotesbury Hanne , Kirkham Fenella J. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBrain injury is a common complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA). White matter (WM) and cortical and subcortical grey matter (GM), structures may have reduced volume in patients with SCA. This study focuses on whether silent cerebral infarction (SCI), vasculopathy or anaemia affects WM and regional GM volumes in children living in Africa. Children with SCA (n = 144; aged 5–20 years; 74 male) and sibling controls (n = 53; aged 5–17 years; 29 male) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Effects of SCI (n = 37), vasculopathy (n = 15), and haemoglobin were assessed. Compared with controls, after adjusting for age, sex and intracranial volume, patients with SCA had smaller volumes for WM and cortical, subcortical and total GM, as well as bilateral cerebellar cortex, globus pallidus, amygdala and right thalamus. Left globus pallidus volume was further reduced in patients with vasculopathy. Putamen and hippocampus volumes were larger in patients with SCA without SCI or vasculopathy than in controls. Significant positive effects of haemoglobin on regional GM volumes were confined to the controls. Patients with SCA generally have reduced GM volumes compared with controls, although some subcortical regions may be spared. SCI and vasculopathy may affect the trajectory of change in subcortical GM and WM volume. Brain volume in non‐SCA children may be vulnerable to contemporaneous anaemia.
Priority‐based encoding of triangle mesh connectivity for a known geometry
Authors: Dvořák Jan , Káčereková Zuzana , Vaněček Petr , Váša Libor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn certain practical situations, the connectivity of a triangle mesh needs to be transmitted or stored given a fixed set of 3D vertices that is known at both ends of the transaction (encoder/decoder). This task is different from a typical mesh compression scenario, in which the connectivity and geometry (vertex positions) are encoded either simultaneously or in reversed order (connectivity first), usually exploiting the freedom in vertex/triangle re‐indexation. Previously proposed algorithms for encoding the connectivity for a known geometry were based on a canonical mesh traversal and predicting which vertex is to be connected to the part of the mesh that is already processed. In this paper, we take this scheme a step further by replacing the fixed traversal with a priority queue of open expansion gates, out of which in each step a gate is selected that has the most certain prediction, that is one in which there is a candidate vertex that exhibits the largest advantage in comparison with other possible candidates, according to a carefully designed quality metric. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this improvement leads to a substantial reduction in the required data rate in comparison with the state of the art.
Establishment and characterization of adult human gastric epithelial progenitor‐like cell lines
Authors: Gao Yuan , Dong Ji , Qi Shuyue , Zhou Xin , Wu Xinglong , Wang Wendong , Wen Lu , Fu Wei , Tang Fuchou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveHuman gastric epithelial stem/progenitor cells are important for stomach homeostasis; however, the in vitro culture system of these cells remains immature. Although three‐dimensional (3D) organoid culture has fundamentally changed the in vitro study of gastrointestinal tract, its use is limited by inaccessible luminal compartment, and difficulties of imaging and manipulation. To overcome these limitations of 3D organoid culture system, we established adult human gastric epithelial progenitor‐like (hGEPL) cell lines using a novel robust monolayer cell culture system.Materials and MethodsWe established an in vitro gel‐based monolayer culture system for normal human adult gastric epithelium, and compared it with traditional two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D organoid culture systems using transcriptomics, immunofluorescence and cell viability experiments. At the same time, we used single‐cell transcriptomics to compare the differences of the hGEPL cells in conditioned medium (Cond.) and in chemically defined medium (Chem.), the two most common media for organoid culture, in maintaining the stemness and proliferative activity of hGEPL cells. Finally, we explored the role of key niche factors in inducing hGEPL cell differentiation.ResultsThe hGEPL cells were similar to the in vivo gastric epithelial stem/progenitor cells, which could stably proliferate in culture for a long time. Based on the established culture system, we explored signalling pathways that were important for the homeostasis of hGEPL cells. We found that after blocking the WNT signalling pathway or activating the BMP signalling pathway, hGEPL cells could differentiate into mucous surface cells.ConclusionOur culture system of hGEPL cells from adults is robust and easy to operate, and has the transformative potential of personalized and precision medicine, laying a solid foundation for studying the self‐renewal and differentiation potentials of gastric epithelial stem/progenitor cells as well as modelling of related gastric diseases.
Legacy effect of constant and diurnally oscillating temperatures on soil respiration and microbial community structure
Authors: Adekanmbi Adetunji Alex , Shu Xin , Zou Yiran , Sizmur Tom 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaboratory incubation studies evaluating the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration often use measurements of respiration taken at a constant incubation temperature from soil that has been pre‐incubated at the same constant temperature. However, such constant temperature incubations do not represent the field situation where soils undergo diurnal temperature oscillations. We investigated the legacy effects of constant and diurnally oscillating temperatures on soil respiration and soil microbial community composition. A grassland soil from the United Kingdom was either incubated at a constant temperature of 5°C, 10°C, or 15°C, or diurnally oscillated between 5°C and 15°C. Soil CO2 flux was measured by temporarily moving incubated soils from each of the above‐mentioned treatments to 5°C, 10°C or 15°C, such that soils incubated under every temperature regime had CO2 flux measured at each temperature. We hypothesised that, irrespective of measurement temperature, CO2 emitted from the 5°C to 15°C oscillating incubation would be most like the soil incubated at 10°C. The results showed that both incubation and measurement temperatures separately influence soil respiration. Oscillations between 5°C and 15°C resulted in significantly greater CO2 flux than constant incubations at 10°C or 5°C but were not significantly different from the 15°C incubation. The greater CO2 flux from soils previously incubated at 15°C, or oscillating between 5°C and 15°C, coincided with a depletion of dissolved organic carbon and a shift in the phospholipid fatty acid profile of the soil microbial community, consistent with stress associated with substrate depletion and microbial starvation when incubated at higher temperatures. Our results suggest that daily maximum temperatures are more important than daily minimum or daily average temperatures when considering the response of soil respiration to the diurnally asymmetric warming that is expected to occur as a result of climate change.
Contextual factors of advanced practice nursing development: A network analysis
Authors: Sevilla Guerra Sonia , Jean Emmanuelle , Kilpatrick Kelley , Zabalegui Adelaida , Martínez Gaitero Carlos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to delineate the relationships between actors and contextual factors associated with the development of the advanced practice role in Catalonia.MethodsA complementary data analysis was conducted based on the social network analysis (SNA) method. The primary study design was qualitative, descriptive and explanatory. Participants from diverse perspectives of practice, organization and external environment were engaged to participate in semi‐structured focus groups. Data collection was conducted between March and May 2016 in Catalonia, Spain. Participants were asked to report on various dimensions of the role development context: understanding of the role, felt needs, perceived outcomes, barriers and facilitators.ResultsPrimary data analysis performed for 44 participants identified 71 related contextual factors associated with role development. Complementary network analysis revealed multiple relationships and agreements among participants and context‐related themes. Professional roles and disciplines clustered around topics show consensus and the significance of topics.ConclusionUnderstanding the level of interactions and consensus among participants and contextual factors will ultimately allow better insight into how complex contexts influence the development of advanced practice nursing in healthcare organizations. Significant, consensual contextual factors should be used to influence further development and implementation of new roles that affect patient care and outcomes.
Reporting and conducting patient journey mapping research in healthcare: A scoping review
Authors: Davies Ellen L. , Bulto Lemma N. , Walsh Alison , Pollock Danielle , Langton Vikki M. , Laing Robert E. , Graham Amy , Arnold‐Chamney Melissa , Kelly Janet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo identify how patient journey mapping is being undertaken and reported.DesignA scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance.Data SourcesDatabases were searched in July 2021 (16th–21st), including Ovid's Medline, Embase, Emcare and PsycINFO; Scopus; Web of Science Core Collection, the Directory of Open Access Journals; Informit and; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.Review MethodsEligible articles included peer‐reviewed literature documenting journey mapping methodologies and studies conducted in healthcare services. Reviewers used Covidence to screen titles and abstracts of located sources, and to screen full‐text articles. A table was used to extract data and synthesize results.ResultsEighty‐one articles were included. An acceleration of patient journey mapping research was observed, with 76.5% (n = 62) of articles published since 2015. Diverse mapping approaches were identified. Reporting of studies was inconsistent and largely non‐adherent with relevant, established reporting guidelines.ConclusionPatient journey mapping is a relatively novel approach for understanding patient experiences and is increasingly being adopted. There is variation in process details reported. Considerations for improving reporting standards are provided.ImpactPatient journey mapping is a rapidly growing approach for better understanding how people enter, experience and exit health services. This type of methodology has significant potential to inform new, patient centred models of care and facilitate clinicians, patients and health professionals to better understand gaps and strategies in health services. The synthesised results of this review alert researchers to options available for journey mapping research and provide preliminary guidance for elevating reporting quality.
Cholesterol‐conjugated siRNAs silence gene expression in mucosal dendritic cells in cervicovaginal tissue in mice
Authors: Basar Emre , Shum Bennett , Skaletz‐Rorowski Adriane , Wu Yichao , Nambiar Sandeep , Brockmeyer Norbert H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRNA interference (RNAi) provides a powerful way to investigate the role of genes in disease pathogenesis and modulate gene expression to treat disease. In 2018, the FDA approved patisiran, the first RNAi‐based drug, hence paving the way for a novel class of RNAi therapeutics.Harnessing RNAi to inhibit vaginal HIV transmission requires effective gene silencing in immune cells, which remains difficult. Knockdown in accessible mucosal tissues may be easier than systemic gene silencing. Vaginally applied cholesterol‐conjugated small interfering RNAs (chol‐siRNAs) blocked herpes simplex virus transmission in mice without tissue damage or immunostimulation.Objectives and methodsTo investigate using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and quantitative imaging if chol‐siRNAs silence gene expression in vaginal immune cells in mice.ResultsAlthough chol‐siRNAs and lipoplexed‐siRNAs silence gene expression in dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, most internalized siRNAs concentrate within multivesicular bodies, where they are inaccessible to the cellular RNAi machinery.When applied intravaginally in vivo, chol‐siRNAs penetrate the vaginal mucosa, including the lamina propria, and are efficiently internalized by intraepithelial (IE) and lamina propria (LP) DCs, and CD11b+CD45+ cells, but not by T cells. Chol‐siRNAs induce partial gene silencing in IE and LP DCs throughout the genital mucosa in vivo but are inactive in F4/80+CD11b+ macrophages and T cells.ConclusionAs mucosal DCs play an essential role for mucosal viral entry and dissemination, chol‐siRNAs could be harnessed to target various host factors that are critical for viral uptake, DC migration and trans‐infection of virions to T cells, hence allowing the development of a preventive vaginal HIV microbicide. Furthermore, chol‐siRNAs could help elucidate the pathways of HIV transmission and understand the immunologic function of DCs in the genital tract.
Validity and reliability of the Rosacea Area and Severity Index: A novel scoring system for clinical assessment of rosacea severity
Authors: Wienholtz Nita Katarina Frifelt , Thyssen Jacob P. , Christensen Casper Emil , Thomsen Simon Francis , Karmisholt Katrine Elisabeth , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Lomholt Hans B. , Heidenheim Michael , Simonsen Anne Birgitte , Sand Carsten , Vestergaard Christian , Kaur‐Knudsen Diljit , Ammitzbøll Elisabeth , Lørup Erik , Danielsen Anne G. , Strauss Gitte , Skov Lone , Andersen Peter H. , Hald Marianne , Idorn Luise W. , Ashina Messoud , Zachariae Claus , Egeberg Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common chronic inflammatory facial skin disorder. Standardized evaluation of the severity and extent of rosacea is important for baseline assessment and treatment effect. The currently used Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) is unspecific and fails to consider subtypes/phenotypes of rosacea and area involvement. The Rosacea Area and Severity Index (RASI) was developed to give a more nuanced evaluation of rosacea features in four facial skin areas adjusted to the relative importance of each area of the face to obtain an overall severity score.ObjectivesTo validate RASI against the IGA and to assess the inter‐ and intraobserver reliability for RASI.MethodsSixteen dermatologists evaluated photographs of 60 adult patients with rosacea (3 photographs per patient, one from the front and one from each side). IGA and RASI scores were performed for interobserver reliability assessment. To determine intraobserver reliability, 14 dermatologists evaluated 10 other patients twice with at least 1 week interval.ResultsThe IGA and RASI correlated well (Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.72–0.78). Interobserver reliability was moderate for RASI and poor to moderate for IGA. Reliability was strongest for rhinophyma, followed by papules/pustules and erythema, and rather weak for telangiectasia. For area scores, interobserver reliability was strongest for cheeks, followed by nose, chin and forehead. We found a moderate‐to‐strong intraobserver agreement both for IGA and RASI.ConclusionsWe have designed a new practical tool to examine clinical severity of rosacea. RASI proved simple and reliable in scoring clinical severity of rosacea with an agreement comparable to the currently used IGA although RASI will provide a more nuanced view of the current rosacea extent and severity. We suggest that RASI is used in the daily clinical setting as well as in clinical studies assessing the efficacy of rosacea therapies.
The burden of geriatric traumatic brain injury on trauma systems: Analysis of 348,800 Medicare inpatient claims
Authors: Fakhry Samir M. , Shen Yan , Garland Jeneva M. , Wilson Nina Y. , Wyse Ransom J. , Morse Jennifer L. , Hunt Darrell L. , Acuna David , Dunne James , Kurek Stanley J. , Gordy Stephanie D. , Watts Dorraine D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in older adults. The aim of this study was to characterize the burden of TBI in older adults by describing demographics, care location, diagnoses, outcomes, and payments in this high‐risk group.MethodsUsing 2016–2019 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Inpatient Standard Analytical Files (IPSAF), patients >65 years with TBI (>1 injury ICD‐10 starting with “S06”) were selected. Trauma center levels were linked to the IPSAF file via American Hospital Association Hospital Provider ID and fuzzy‐string matching. Patient variables were compared across trauma center levels.ResultsThree hundred forty‐eight thousand eight hundred inpatients (50.4% female; 87.1% white) from 2963 US hospitals were included. Level I/II trauma centers treated 66.9% of patients; non‐trauma centers treated 21.5%. Overall inter‐facility transfer rate was 19.2%; in Level I/II trauma centers transfers‐in represented 23.3% of admissions. Significant TBI (Head AIS ≥3) was present in 70.0%. Most frequent diagnoses were subdural hemorrhage (56.6%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (30.6%). Neurosurgical operations were performed in 10.9% of patients and operative rates were similar regardless of center level. Total unadjusted mortality for the sample was 13.9%, with a mortality of 8.1% for those who expired in‐hospital, and an additional 5.8% for those discharged to hospice. Medicare payments totaled $4.91B, with the majority (73.4%) going to Level I/II trauma centers.ConclusionsThis study fills a gap in TBI research by demonstrating that although the majority of older adult TBI patients in the United States receive care at Level I/II trauma centers, a substantial percentage are managed at other facilities, despite 1 in 10 requiring neurosurgical operation regardless of level of trauma center. This analysis provides preliminary data on the function of regionalized trauma care for older adult TBI care. Future studies assessing the efficacy of early care guidelines in this population are warranted.