bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supraglacial streams drive widespread partial-depth hydrofractures in ice sheets
Authors: Chandler David , Hubbard Alun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Dramatic supraglacial lake drainage events in Greenland and Antarctica are enabled by rapid hydrofracture propagation through >1 km ice. Here, we present a slower mode of hydrofracture, where hairline surface fractures intersect supraglacial streams, and hypothesise that fracture penetration depth is critically limited by water supply and englacial refreezing. We apply a model of stream-fed hydrofracture to the Greenland Ice Sheet and find that, under most conditions, 2-cm-wide fractures can penetrate hundreds of metres before freezing closed. Full-depth hydrofracture is more restricted, requiring relatively large meltwater channels and/or warm englacial conditions. Given the abundance of streams and surface fractures across Greenland and Antarctica's expanding ablation zones, stream-driven hydrofractures are likely ubiquitous even where distant from supraglacial lakes and crevasses. While lake-driven hydrofracture is now argued to have minimal long-term dynamic impacts, this intriguing stream-fed hydrofracturing has two important consequences. First, by driving widespread cryohydrologic warming at depths far greater than surface crevassing, it explains a cold bias in modelled englacial thermal profiles. Second, the associated decrease in ice viscosity, and increased damage accumulation, will enhance the vulnerability of ice sheets to dynamic instability under climate warming. This process is likely undetectable by remote sensing, and warrants more detailed modelling and field investigations.
Full mitochondrial genomes reveal species differences between the venerid clams Ruditapes philippinarum and R. variegatus
Authors: Tang Yumei , Huo Zhongming , Liu Yang , Wang Yuhang , Zuo Luya , Fang Lei , Zhao Wen , Tan Yue , Yan Xiwu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In natural sea areas along the coast of China, the venerid clams Ruditapes philippinarum and R. variegatus exhibit similar adult shell forms and are especially difficult to distinguish as spat and juveniles. This study used comparative mitochondrial genome analysis to reveal differences between these two species. The results showed that: (1) the mitochondrial genomes of R. philippinarum and R. variegatus share a large number of similar gene clusters arranged in consistent order, yet they also display non-common genes, with both gene rearrangements and random losses found; (2) the 13 protein-coding genes in R. philippinarum as well as 2-fold and 4-fold degenerate sites in R. variegatus have an evident AT bias; (3) the Ka/Ks ratio of the mitochondrial ATP8 gene was significantly higher in R. philippinarum than in R. variegatus, and an analysis of selection pressure revealed that the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) gene of R. variegatus was under great selective pressure during its evolution; finally, (4) the two species clustered into one branch on a phylogenetic tree, further affirming their phylogenetic closeness. Based on these results, we speculate that species differences between R. variegatus and R. philippinarum are largely attributable to adaptive evolution to the environment. The present findings provide a reference for future research on interspecific hybridization and the development of germplasm identification and molecular genetic markers.
An in vitro workflow to create and modify novel infectious clones using replication cycle reaction
Authors: Marano Jeffrey , Cereghino Chelsea , Finkielstein Carla , Weger-Lucarelli James 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Reverse genetics systems are a critical tool in combating emerging viruses by enabling a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms by which they cause disease. Traditional cloning approaches are fraught with difficulties due to the bacterial toxicity of many viral sequences. Many attempts have been made to develop a simplified workflow to produce a simple-to-use infectious clone without the concerns of host toxicity; however, none offers the advantages of bacterial cloning without the various disadvantages. This paper demonstrates a novel in vitro workflow that leverages gene synthesis and replication cycle reaction—an innovative technology that reconstitutes the bacterial replication machinery in a tube—to develop a supercoiled infectious clone plasmid that is easy to rescue. Using this workflow, we developed two infectious clones, one of a low passage dengue virus serotype 2 isolate (PUO-218) and the Washington strain of SARS-CoV-2, which behaved similarly to their respective parental viruses. Furthermore, we generated a medically relevant mutant of SARS-CoV-2, Spike D614G. These results indicate that this novel in vitro workflow is a viable method to generate and manipulate infectious clones, specifically for viruses that are notoriously difficult for traditional bacterial-based cloning methods. This work represents a paradigm shift in producing infectious clones and lowers the barrier of entry for scientists to develop such tools.
Two Cholesky-GARCH approaches to model multivariate volatility
Authors: Ballestra Luca Vincenzo , De Blasis Riccardo , Pacelli Graziella 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the popular BEKK and DCC multivariate GARCH models, the high number of parameters and the requirement of the positive definiteness of the covariance and correlation matrices pose some difficulties during the estimation process. To avoid these issues, we propose two modifications of the BEKK and DCC models which employ two spherical parameterizations applied to the Cholesky decompositions of the covariance and correlation matrices respectively. In their full specification, the introduced Cholesky-BEKK and Cholesky-DCC models allow for a reduction of the number of parameters compared to their traditional counterparts. Moreover, the application of the spherical transformation does not require the imposition of inequality constraints on the parameters during the estimation. An application to two crude oils, WTI and Brent, and the main exchange rate prices demonstrates that the Cholesky-BEKK and Cholesky-DCC models are able to capture the dynamics of the covariances and correlations. In addition, the Kupiec test on different portfolio compositions confirms the good performance of the proposed models.
HLA haplotypes and differential regional mortality caused by COVID-19 in Brazil: an ecological study based on a large bone marrow donor bank dataset
Authors: Boquett Juliano André , Vianna Fernanda Sales Luiz , Fagundes Nelson Jurandi Rosa , Schroeder Lucas , Barbian Marcia , Zagonel-Oliveira Marcelo , Andreis Tiago Finger , Pôrto Luis Cristóvão de Moraes Sobrino , Chies José Artur Bogo , Schuler-Faccini Lavinia , Ashton-Prolla Patricia , ROSSET CLÉVIA 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype may influence in immune responses during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this ecological study, we collected HLA genotypes from 4,148,713 Brazilian individuals and compared to COVID-19 data. We found a positive significant correlation between the HLA-A*01~B*08~DRB1*03 haplotype and COVID-19 mortality rate.
Association Between the Use of Balanced Fluids and Outcomes in Critically Ill Children: A Before and After Study
Authors: Barhight Matthew , Nelson Delphine , Moran Thomas , Christiano Jessica , Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Hyperchloremia and the administration of higher chloride loads have been associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We sought to evaluate the electrolyte profile and clinical outcomes associated with a unit-wide transition from saline to balanced fluids as standard care for resuscitation and maintenance fluid administration in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A before and after analysis of patients admitted to a PICU in a large, urban, academic hospital between May 2018 and March 2020. The transition from the use of saline as the main fluid of choice to the use of balanced fluids for both resuscitation and maintenance fluid as standard care occurred in June 2019. The primary outcome was acute kidney injury (AKI) and the secondary outcomes were mortality, ventilator free days (VFD), need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), hospital length of stay (LOS), and electrolyte abnormalities.Results: Overall, 2863 patients (47% female) with an AKI rate of 8% (n=228) and a mortality rate of 2.8% (n=79) were included. The pre-intervention period (May 2018 to April 2019) included 1,380 patients and the post-intervention period (August 2019 to March 2020) included 1,483 patients. After adjusting for confounders (age, PRISM III, mechanical ventilation and immunocompromised state), there were no significant differences in the odds of AKI (Pre 8.1%, Post 8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.0 95%CI 0.8-1.3, p=0.98). Additionally, there were no differences in the odds of mortality, VFD, need for RRT, nor hospital LOS. The post-intervention period had fewer patients with hyperchloremia (Pre 10.4% vs. Post 15.5%, p=<0.0001) and hyperkalemia (Pre 1.4% vs. Post 3.2%, p=0.02) and more patients with hypochloremia (Pre 9.5% vs. Post 14.4%, p=<0.0001) and hypokalemia (Pre 38.2% vs. Post 47.2%, p=<0.0001).Conclusions: Following a unit-wide implementation of balanced fluids as standard care, there were no differences in rates of AKI or other clinical outcomes. However, there were changes in the electrolyte profile: lower rates of hyperkalemia and hyperchloremia and higher rates of hypokalemia and hypochloremia. Further evaluation of the effect of balanced fluids and the clinical significance of electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill children is needed.
Absolute Mortality Risk Assessment of COVID-19 Patients: The Khorshid COVID Cohort (KCC) Study
Authors: Marateb Hamid Reza , von Cube Maja , Sami Ramin , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy , Mansourian Marjan , Amra Babak , Soltaninejad Forogh , Mortazavi Mojgan , Adibi Peyman , Khademi Nilufar , Hosseini Nastaran Sadat , Toghyani Arash , Hassannejad Razieh , Mañanas Miquel Angel , Binder Harald , Wolkewitz Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Already at the time of hospital admission, clinicians require simple tools to identify hospitalized COVID-19 patients at high risk of mortality. Such tools can significantly improve resource allocation and patient management within hospitals. From the statistical point of view, extended time-to-event models are required to account for competing risks (discharge from hospital) and censoring so that active cases can also contribute to the analysis.Methods: We used the hospital-based open Khorshid COVID Cohort (KCC) study with 630 COVID-19 patients from Isfahan, Iran. Competing risk methods are used to develop a death risk chart based on following variables which can simply be measured at hospital admission: gender, age, hypertension, oxygen saturation, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The area under the receiver operator curve was used to assess accuracy concerning discrimination between patients discharged alive and dead.Results: Cause-specific hazard regression models show that these baseline variables are associated with both hazards, the death as well as the discharge hazard. The risk chart reflects the combined results of the two cause-specific hazard regression models. The proposed risk assessment method had a very good accuracy (AUC=0.872 [CI 95%: 0.835-0.910]).Conclusions: This study aims to improve and validate a personalized mortality risk calculator based on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The risk assessment of patient mortality provides physicians with additional guidance for making tough decisions.
Slotted Wearable Textile Antenna for Wireless Telemedicine applications
Authors: baudh rishabh kumar , Kumar Mahendra , Gupta Nupur , Prasad Ravi Kant 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic design methodology for slotted wearable textile antenna for wireless telemedicine applications to maximize the area of high-quality medical care over the wireless communication technology. To carry out remote diagnosis, the technology that facilitates doctor is Telemedicine. Telemedicine system established the link between two places which has been designed to execute the discussion about each other (doctor and patient). This system also provides the real time medical examination of the patient. To collect real time medical data of the patient, wearable textile antenna is used as wearable medical devices. The proposed textile antenna utilizes denim fabric as a substrate, whereas copper fixed as a conducting patch. This antenna has a bandwidth about 92% at frequency of 3.58 GHz. Wearable textile antenna covers the huge frequency range between 1.80-4.87 GHz which operate at WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz), Wi-MAX (2-11 GHz) and LTE band (2.17 GHz). These bands are used for wireless telemedicine, m-health, e-health application. This proposed antenna is simulated on IE3D Software.
Can Intersectionality Help with Understanding and Tackling Health Inequalities? Perspectives of Professional Stakeholders
Authors: Holman Daniel , Salway Sarah , Bell Andrew , Beach Brian , Adebajo Adewale , Ali Nuzhat , Butt Jabeer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The concept of ‘intersectionality’ is increasingly employed within public health arenas, particularly in North America, and is often heralded as offering great potential to advance health inequalities research and action. Given persistently poor progress towards tackling health inequalities, and recent calls to reframe this agenda in the UK and Europe, the possible contribution of intersectionality deserves attention. Yet, no existing research has examined professional stakeholder understandings and perspectives on applying intersectionality to this field. In this paper we seek to address that gap. Methods: drawing upon a consultation survey and workshop undertaken in the UK. The survey included both researchers (n=53) and practitioners (n=20) with varied roles and levels of engagement in research and evaluation. Topics included: familiarity with the term and concept ‘intersectionality’, relevance to health inequalities work, and issues shaping its uptake. Respondents were also asked to comment on two specific policy suggestions; targeting and tailoring interventions to intersectional sub-groups, and evaluating the intersectional effects of policies. 23 people attended the face-to-face workshop. The aims of the workshop were to: share examples of applying intersectionality within health inequalities research and practice; understand the views of research and practice colleagues on potential contributions and challenges; and identify potential ways to promote intersectional approaches Results: Findings indicated a generally positive response to the concept and a cautiously optimistic assessment that intersectional approaches could be valuable. However, opinions were mixed and various challenges were raised, especially around whether intersectionality research is necessarily critical and transformative and, accordingly, how it should be operationalised methodologically. Nonetheless, there was general agreement that intersectionality is concerned with diverse inequalities and the systems of power that shape them. Conclusions: In the UK health inequalities policy and practice context there are a number of potential ways forward for intersectionality in helping to understand and tackle such inequalities.
Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Precision Public Health: Open Guidelines for Manufacturers and Users
Authors: Lubell-Doughtie Peter , Bhatt Shiven , Wong Roger , Shankar Anuraj H 
Published: July 2022

Background
Precision public health (PPH) can maximize impact by targeting surveillance and interventions by temporal, spatial, and epidemiological characteristics. Although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have enabled ubiquitous point-of-care testing in low-resource settings, their impact has been less than anticipated, owing in part to lack of features to streamline data capture and analysis.

Objective
We aimed to transform the RDT into a tool for PPH by defining information and data axioms and an information utilization index (IUI); identifying design features to maximize the IUI; and producing open guidelines (OGs) for modular RDT features that enable links with digital health tools to create an RDT-OG system.

Methods
We reviewed published papers and conducted a survey with experts or users of RDTs in the sectors of technology, manufacturing, and deployment to define features and axioms for information utilization. We developed an IUI, ranging from 0% to 100%, and calculated this index for 33 World Health Organization–prequalified RDTs. RDT-OG specifications were developed to maximize the IUI; the feasibility and specifications were assessed through developing malaria and COVID-19 RDTs based on OGs for use in Kenya and Indonesia.

Results
The survey respondents (n=33) included 16 researchers, 7 technologists, 3 manufacturers, 2 doctors or nurses, and 5 other users. They were most concerned about the proper use of RDTs (30/33, 91%), their interpretation (28/33, 85%), and reliability (26/33, 79%), and were confident that smartphone-based RDT readers could address some reliability concerns (28/33, 85%), and that readers were more important for complex or multiplex RDTs (33/33, 100%). The IUI of prequalified RDTs ranged from 13% to 75% (median 33%). In contrast, the IUI for an RDT-OG prototype was 91%. The RDT open guideline system that was developed was shown to be feasible by (1) creating a reference RDT-OG prototype; (2) implementing its features and capabilities on a smartphone RDT reader, cloud information system, and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources; and (3) analyzing the potential public health impact of RDT-OG integration with laboratory, surveillance, and vital statistics systems.

Conclusions
Policy makers and manufacturers can define, adopt, and synergize with RDT-OGs and digital health initiatives. The RDT-OG approach could enable real-time diagnostic and epidemiological monitoring with adaptive interventions to facilitate control or elimination of current and emerging diseases through PPH.
A NOVEL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF NEFOPAM HYDROCHLORIDE IN PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors: NEELIMA CH. , HEMASRI M. , SUSMITHA P. , SRILAKSHMI S. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Using RP-HPLC, a simple, accurate, and exact method for estimating the Nefopam Hydrochloride parenteral dose form was devised.
Methods: The isocratic mode of the RP-HPLC method used an Inertsil C8 column as the stationary phase and a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with pH 3.0: Acetonitrile (70:30) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. With UV detection at 220 nm, a flow rate of 1 ml/min was established.
Results: The developed RP-HPLC technique revealed acceptable linearity (R2 = 0.9998) and good assay results in the concentration range of 0.004–0.08 mg/ml (103.3 percent). Further forced degradation investigations using 0.1N Hydrochloric acid (acid degradation), 0.1NNaOH (base degradation), and 3 percent H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) were carried out using RP-HPLC, and percent degradation values were determined. In peroxide degradation conditions, the medication was shown to be unstable.
Conclusion: In compliance with ICH requirements, the developed procedures were validated.
DESIGN, BINDING AFFINITY STUDIES AND IN SILICO ADMET PREDICTIONS OF NOVEL ISOXAZOLES AS POTENTIAL ANTI-BACTERIAL
Authors: SAI G. CHAITANYA , JAYS JUDY , MADRIWALA BURHANUDDIN 
Published: July 2022

Objective: The objective of the study is to design novel isoxazole derivatives, predicting their interactions with the selected target proteins and determining the ADMET properties of potent molecules using recent computational methods.
Methods: With the intent to discover potent novel antibacterial, we have designed a set of compounds containing the isoxazole nucleus by using software tools like Discovery studios, PyRx, PyMOL, SWISSPDB. ADMET studies were carried out by using SWISS ADMET and pkCSM. Molecular docking studies were carried out on the target proteins of both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria in order to assesses binding affinity for the proteins.
Results: Designed scaffold was designed by Benzene Derivatives Tethered with 5(4-chloro-3-nitro phenyl-1-yl) isoxazole. All the derivatives were docked against the three proteins, namely DNA Ligase (PDB ID: 3PN1), Topoisomerase (PDB ID: 3TTZ), Sterol demethylase (PDB ID: 5FSA), The compound JJC3F has shown best binding score against DNA ligase, sterol demethylase protein. Further, compound JJC3A has shown a better binding affinity towards topoisomerase than the standard drugs.
Conclusion: Molecular Docking study indicates that isoxazole derivatives may be effective inhibitors for the different microbial proteins. Additionally, in silico ADMET studies predicts drug-like features. Hence, these compounds may be considered as leads and further investigation of their analogues may help in development of novel drugs for the treatment of microbial diseases.
fumaças no antropoceno
Authors: Guedes Brigante Gustavo , Lutaif Lopes Thamirez 
Published: July 2022

O artigo teve por objetivo discorrer sobre os incêndios Pantanal a partir de duas modalidades do uso do fogo: a primeira performada por sociedades caçadoras-coletoras (tomando como pano de fundo, sobretudo, a etnia indígena yanomami) e a segunda performada por uma lógica de expansão capitalista e colonialista. Apreciamos as queimadas yanomami a partir do que Anna Tsing classifica como “perturbações lentas” e os incêndios à serviço do capital a partir do que a autora classifica como “perturbações rápidas”. Com isso, investigamos as condições e os potenciais dos modos de “habitar”, conforme a noção desenvolvida por Tim Ingold, tendo em vista essas duas modalidades. Argumentamos que há uma linha de continuidade que perpassa tanto as fumaças dos incêndios à serviço do capital quanto as “fumaças” que constituem a pandemia do novo coronavírus de acordo com a cosmologia yanomami sobre a queda do céu ou fim do mundo. Ambas as “fumaças” também são caracterizadas como eventos de “perturbação” rápida. Por fim, foi considerada a possibilidade de um devir-onça e de um devir-indígena a partir da noção de “devir-animal” tratada por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari como maneiras de “segurar” o céu. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica e documental.
Palavras-chave: 1. Covid-19. 2. Fogo. 3. Yanomami. 4. Devir-animal.
Teacher Problems in Implementing Google Classroom
Authors: Selvia Devi Sela Eka , Suri Indah Resti Ayuni 
Published: July 2022

Google Classroom is used to manage the learning system at the school to college level. With Google Classroom, teachers can effectively and efficiently manage classrooms. This research was conducted to describe the teachers’ problems in implementing learning using Google Classroom on the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject at MTs Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung. This research is field research with a qualitative approach. To obtain the necessary data, the researchers conducted interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed the teachers’ problems in implementing learning using Google Classroom on Al-Qur'an Hadith subject at MTs Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung. Islamic Religious Education teachers explained the problems experienced using this Google Classroom, such as attendance, active learning and motivation learning. The efforts made by Islamic Religious Education teachers are reducing the KKM (Criteria of Minimum Mastery) and performing collaboration between Islamic Religious Education teachers, BK (counselling) teachers, and homeroom teachers. So it can be concluded that in using Google Classroom, teachers must properly design from the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of learning so that learning becomes effective.