bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things
Authors: Parker Brian , Bach Christian 
Published: February 2022

This paper is an exploration of several theories on the synthesis of the Blockchain(BC), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence(AI) through a literature review. Blockchain technology is a decentralized peer-to-peer network that stores records and transactions in immutable blocks secured by cryptography. The decentralization aspect of blockchain eliminates the need for trusted third party interceder. Internet of Things(IoT) is an interrelated computer system that makes a connection between computers and humans to communicate in several areas; smart devices like homes, cars, radio are just a few examples. IoT challenges are security, connectivity, issues with the analysis of big data, centralization, and vulnerability to attacks. Artificial Intelligence(AI) machine learning technology is the advanced decision-making process that influences daily routines such as banking, healthcare, gaming, transportation, and space exploration, among others. AI’s challenges are; security, centralized architecture, and resource limitations. The methodology will be a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the existing research and how these technologies can be a transformative impact on how information is accessed through enterprise and society. The convergence of BC, AI, and IoT will provide scalable, secure high-level intellectual functioning that will be the new paradigm of digital information.
MgO Cluster Models for Capture CO2 Molecule
Authors: Alhony Zinab Ibrahim , Bawa Fathi Hassan 
Published: February 2022

The density functional theory (DFT) method was used to study the adsorption of acidic CO2 molecule on the oxide clusters (MgO)n , (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12). Basis sets, 6–311 G, 6–311G (d) and 6–311G (2d) were employed in order to test the effect on adsorption structures and binding energies. Both and adsorption sites have been considered. Our previous calculation DFT energies have been achieved for the (MgO)n, (CaO)n, (n = 1–4, 6, 8, 9, and 12 clusters), [WJERT, 2019, Vol.5, Issue 1, 328-341]. The present work investigates the adsorption properties (e.g., adsorption energies, geometries and HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals) of a single CO2 molecule. The results show that the CO2 molecule / (MgO)n clusters prefer to adsorb as [Mg surf – with one acidic sites, while the interaction with surface basic sites, carbonate species consequently may occur. The HOMO and LUMO interaction between CO2 and MgO cluster models were also studied. Furthermore, such nanostructures systems can be potential candidates for practical applications of capturing CO2 from hot exhaust gases.
Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger for Practical Application
Authors: Abdulmumuni Bashiru , Ayoade Adedeji Mathew , Buhari Ologunye Opeyemi , Olatunde Azeez Rasheed , Olaniyi Fanifosi Johnson 
Published: February 2022

A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids, at different temperatures in thermal contact. This paper focuses on a shell-and-tubes heat exchanger that involves two fluids (hot water and cold water) in contact with each other while the cold water flows through the tubes and hot water through the shell. Heat exchangers have special and practical applications in the feed water cooler in the process industries, power plants, chemical plants, refineries, process applications as well as refrigeration and air conditioning industry. The design calculations were carried out to determine the specifications of essential parameters for the development of the heat exchanger, data generated from the theoretical formulae were used to fabricate the heat exchanger using some locally available and durable materials, and the performance of the system was evaluated. Some of the parameters evaluated include heat duty, capacity ratio, effectiveness, overall heat transfer coefficient, and fouling factor. The heat exchanger was tested under various flow conditions and the results obtained were as follows; cold water inlet temperatures of (26, 26, 26, 27and 27) ºC increased to (59, 44, 39, 47 and 35) ºC after (10, 7½, 6½ 8, and 6) minutes and the hot water temperatures decreased from (100, 80, 75, 87 and 73) ºC to (73, 59, 55, 62 and 50) ºC, respectively. The design data and test data were compared in terms of the heat duty, capacity ratio, effectiveness, overall heat transfer coefficient, and fouling factor, the deviation is found to be 22.87%, 13.99%, 8.98%, 43.30%, and 43.30% respectively. The results obtained proved that the heat exchanger was effective, reliable and provides a good technical approach to evaluate the thermal performance of the heat exchanger and useful in conducting heat and mass transfer practical in thermodynamics laboratory.
Risk Analysis of Associated Gas Utilization in Power Plants
Authors: Allison Isaiah , Agbadede Roupa 
Published: February 2022

This study presents the analysis of associated gas fueled gas turbine power plant with a view to harnessing associated gas. GASTURB performance simulation software was employed to model and simulate the design and off design performance of the various engines that made up the power plant investigated. Monte Carlo Simulation using Palisade’s @RISK software was employed to conduct the risk analysis of associated fueled gas turbine by incorporating different variables. A decline rate of -13% was applied over the 20-year period of power plant life, beginning from Year 2015. When the distribution curves for the clean and degraded conditions of DS25 engine set were compared, the plots show that the clean condition generates higher profit than the degraded condition. Also, when the clean condition for DS25 and LM6K engine sets were compared, the distribution curve plots show that the cluster of DS25 engine set generates a higher profit than the LM6K engine set.
Repurposing Hydroxychloroquine as a Model Drug for the Prediction of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Authors: Igwe K. K. , Ikpeazu O. V. , Amaku F. J. , Otuokere I. E. 
Published: February 2022

The use of hydroxychloroquine as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor is currently being reviewed in various clinical trials. To exhaustively assess the benefit of hydroxychloroquine in the search for SARS-CoV-2 cure, this paper repositioned hydroxychloroquine as a model for virtual screening on the ZINC database. Molecular docking studies of 5r7y with the retrieved molecules were performed. The S-score of the predicted compounds were compared with the reference inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine). After evaluating their binding energy, five compounds (ZINC52939663, ZINC21291670, ZINC12714071, ZINC40089978 and ZINC15963294) were noticed have to highest binding energy with SARS-CoV-2. The binding scores of the top five ligands were higher than that of the reference molecule. The pharmacokinetics, toxicity prediction, drug-likeness and global reactivity assessment of ZINC52939663, present the lead compound as a drug candidate with the probable capacity to inhibit SARS-CoV-2.
Using the Pharmacophoric features of Azithromycin to design potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor
Authors: Ikpeazu O. V. , Amaku F. J. , Otuokere I. E. , Igwe K. K. 
Published: February 2022

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) found in Wuhan China is rapidly spreading to all nations of the world. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of the novel coronaviral disease. Meanwhile, repositioning of some antibiotics, antiviral and antimalaria drugs have been employed. In this study, we used azithromycin as a model drug to virtual screen the ZINC database and the molecules obtained were docked against SARS-CoV-2 protein with PDB code: 5r7y. The best five ligands with high affinity for the target protein was compared with the reference molecule (Azithromycin). The docking score for the predicted ligands with high affinity for the target protein include ZINC10635972 (-6.3 kcal/mol), ZINC02651653 (-6.2 kcal/mol), ZINC09728215 (-6.2 kcal/mol), ZINC15003138 (-6.1 kcal/mol), ZINC89836288 (-6.1 kcal/mol) and azithromycin (+28.2 kcal/mol). The lead molecule (ZINC10635972) was observed to interacted with LUE 141, ASN 142, SER 144, SER 46, GLY 189, GLU 166, MET 165, HIS163, MET 49, HIS 164, PHE 140, GLY 143,THR 25, CYS 145, HIS 41, CYS 44 and THR 45. Meanwhile, hydrogen bond was predominant in the ZINC10635972-5r7y interaction. The lead molecule demonstrated good pharmacokinetics properties, drug-like characteristic and moderate chemical reactivity index. Besides, ZINC10635972 was noticed to fit the class 5 toxicity index. Hence, ZINC10635972 is a promising compound that should be further examined as drug candidates before clinical evaluation.
Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Developing Countries Using a Stacked Ensemble Model
Authors: Akinbohun Folake , Akinbohun Ambrose , Daniel Adekunle , Ojajuni Oghenerukevwe Elohor 
Published: February 2022

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are indicated when cells grow abnormally. The incidence of HNC is on the increase owing to several factors. There is often late presentation that can result in loss of lives (mortality) especially in Africa due to paucity of specialists. These challenges prompted the development of a stacked ensemble model for diagnosis of HNC to facilitate prompt referral. The data were collected which consists of 1473 instances with 18 features. Information Gain was used for selecting important features and three supervised learning algorithms were deployed for the base learners: Decision Tree (C4.5), K-Nearest Neighbors and Naïve Bayes. The predictions of the base learners were combined and passed to meta learners: Logistic Model Tree (LMT). The result showed that Information Gain method with stacked LMTwas 95.11%. It was deduced that both Information Gain with stacked MLR produced higher accuracy that the base learners’ results. Hence, this stacked model can be used for diagnosis of HNC in healthcare systems.
Determination of the Conditions for Agglomeration of Molybdenite Fines in the Presence of Kerosene Emulsion Through the Extended DVLO Theory
Authors: López Mendoza Antonio , Chàvez Guajardo Alicia Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

The hydrophobic agglomeration of fine particles of molybdenite in the presence of kerosene emulsion, has been studied in this paper. The results obtained in the investigation as; zeta potential of kerosene emulsion(?emulsion), zeta potential of the molybdenite sample (?MoS2), hydrophobicity of molybdenite represented by the contact angle (?MoS2) varying the pH, were used to calculate the total potential energy through the extended DVLO theory. Diagram containing curves total potential energy vs. separation distance of the particles, indicate that increasing the pH, also increases the energy barrier to overcome to achieve agglomeration and viceversa, which translates to a high probability of agglomeration in the pH range 5 to 8, with greater effect as the pH is increased in the acidic region.
Performance Evaluation of a Smart Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Model
Authors: Istiaque Shah Md. , Khan Asif Iqbal , Hassan Zaber Al , Waheed Sajjad 
Published: February 2022

The research work titled “Smart Intrusion Detection System Comprised of Machine Learning and Deep Learning” was published in European Journal for Engineering and Technology Research (EJERS) online journal in the October edition where a smart IDS model was proposed. In this present work, validation of the IDS model is conducted.
KDD Cup'99 intrusion detection dataset was used to build the IDS model. A unique method is incorporated to test the performance of the model. Here, training is conducted by using the KDD'99 dataset. But testing is done through the NSL-KDD dataset. Testing is conducted in three-stage. In the first stage, using generic 41 features the accuracy, sensitivity, and FPR of detecting attack was 95.240%, 93.103%, 1.936% respectively for Random Forest and for MLP it is 87.811%, 90.065%, and 15.168% respectively. In the second stage selective 15 features are used where accuracy, sensitivity, and FPR of detecting attack is 70.808%, 81.992%, 43.971% respectively for Random Forest and for MLP it is 67.637%, 87.660%, 54.266% respectively. In the third stage selective 22 features are used where accuracy, sensitivity, and FPR of detecting attack is 97.001%, 96.643%, 2.272% for Random Forest respectively and for MLP it is 85.442%, 82.350 and 10.472 respectively. Total 3,11,021 record is used for training and 22,544 record is used for testing purpose.
The final accuracy, sensitivity and FPR of the model can be resulted as 95.24%, 70.808%, 96.988% for 41 features, 93.103%, 87.68%, 97.233% for 15 features, 1.936%, 43.97%, 3.36% for 22 features. Therefore, the IDS model is efficient and effective.
Geochemistry and Petrogenetic Relationships Between Pegmatites and Host Rocks in the Keffi Area, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Tanko I. Y. , Dzigbodi-Adjimah K. 
Published: February 2022

Keffi pegmatites area which contains numerous mineralised and non-mineralised pegmatites lie between the Wamba pegmatite field to the NE and Nasarawa pegmatite field to the SW on the North Central Pegmatite belt of Nigeria. In Keffi area exploitation of deposits is currently being done by small scale miners, whose activities are haphazard and uncoordinated, because of that information on the geology and petrology that will enable a systematic study of the pegmatites in the area is scanty. Systematic geochemical investigations of the pegmatites and surrounding host rocks aimed at establishing petrogenetic relationships amongst the various rock types in the area were conducted. Major, trace and REE investigations of the pegmatites and associated granitoids have indicated petrogenetic relationships amongst the pegmatites and between the pegmatites and surrounding granitoids of Keffi area. Also, the variation diagram of major, trace and REE in whole rocks and K-feldspar samples show patterns which categorised the pegmatites of Keffi area into; (1) Non-mineralised, (2) intermediate and (3) mineralised pegmatites. It was also deduced from the geochemical characteristics (variation diagrams in major and trace element, REE geochemistry and tectonic environment classification) that a genetic model based on the evolution of melt by partial melting of metasedimentary protolith during ultrametamorphic and deformational activities (anatexis) is proposed for the granite-pegmatite system of Keffi area. This information will be useful as guide for fruitful exploration of the pegmatites and serves as model for the exploitation of pegmatite veins in similar geologic settings.
Human’s Plexus Systems and “Nikola Tesla’s 369 Theory” for Forming Universe and God
Authors: Shrestha Mahesh Man 
Published: February 2022

All activities which are taking place in the Cosmos also exist in a human body in subtle micro-scale. Plexuses centers in a human body are the most mysterious kinds of energies. The six-center plexus system is the path of the Kundalini shakti, the primordial cosmic energy of a person. Each plexus has its own propensities (vibrating words/dimensions/vritti) and an acoustic root. These plexuses control some cluster of words of sounds and corresponding physical organs in human body. The 50 main propensities of the human’s unit mind are expressed through the vibration-expression of these plexuses. These vibrations cause hormones to secrete from the corresponding glands of the human’s body. These plexuses can play very important roles in curing the diseases. According to the Theory of Nikola Tesla’s 369, there are all together 1 to 9 digital root numbers exist. All other higher or lower numbers are the combination of those digital root numbers. This statement seems quite true when we compare it with Theory of Absolutivity. If 3, 6, 9 numbers are arranged together it makes a letter Ohm (AUM) which represents actually a Sagun Bramh/Nikola Tesla’s 369 triangle which is a part of NirgunBramh having higher dimensions. Number zero is the NirgunBramh (having all the qualities but in dormant form) which does not possess any quality in action. Number 3, 6, 9 forming as an equilateral triangle of static, mutative and sentient forces representing the Black-hole which is a part of Sagun Bramh projecting Himself as a Visible World through Big-bang along with forming five basic elements such as Ethereal, Areal, Fire, Liquid and Solid. According to the biological science, life emerged in this planet from matter about four billion years ago in the form of DNA that carried the software for the development of billion of species on the way to its final destination in humans. These facts also fully support the above hypothesis of universe formations.
TEACHER ACT IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION BASED ON SINCLAIR AND COULTHARD MODEL
Authors: Bunda Intan Permata , Ginting Siti Aisah , Pane Isli Iriani Indiah 
Published: February 2022

This study focused on teacher act in classroom interaction based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model. The aims of this study are (a) to find out the types of act in classroom interaction that the teacher used based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model, (b) to describe how the types of acts are realized in classroom interaction that the teacher used based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model. This research used qualitative research. To answer the problems of the study, the data were collected in two ways by observing, and recording. The data were analyzed based on Sinclair and Coulthard model. The results of this research were the following: (a) there were 16 types of acts in teacher utterances, namely: Marker, Starter, Clue, Reply, Accept, Elicitation, Evaluate, Informative, Directive, React, Check, Conclusion, Comment, Cue, Bid, and Nomination. Meanwhile Prompt, Acknowledge, Metastatement, Loop, Silent stress, and Aside were not found during the teaching and learning process. (b) The realization of types of act Marker of act was realized by a closed class of item “Ok’’. Starter of act was realized by a command. Clue of act was realized by a statement. Reply act was realized by question. Accept of act was realized by a close of item “good’. Elicitation of act was realized by question. Evaluate of act was realized by statement and question tag. Informative of act was realized by a statement. Directive of act was realized by a command. React of act was realized by a non linguistic. Check of act was realized by statement. Conclusion of act was realized by a statement “so”. Comment of act was realized by a statement. Nomination of act was realized by a closed class consisting of the names of the pupil “please you”. Cue of act was realized by a close class of which “raise your hand”. Bid of act was realized by a close class of verbal items “Miss”.Keywords: Teacher Act, Classroom interaction, Act Sinclair and Coulthard.
Distributive Leadership Roles for Primary School Teachers’ Efficiency in New Norm: Focus Group Analysis
Authors: Rumeli Muaza Shifa , Md Rami Ahmad Aizuddin , Abdul Wahat Nor Wahiza , Samsudin Shamsulariffin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the education sector in Malaysia had undergone drastic changes and new norms are now in place. Among them are online home teaching and learning (PdPR) activities. This situation has become challenging and worrying especially in the primary school education sector. The Ministry of Education (2021) reported that there were 2,741,837 pupils in primary schools, compared to 2,037,433 pupils in secondary schools. These large numbers certainly affect the way school leaders manage the available resources. To alleviate this problem, school leaders are seen to have played an important role in helping teachers and pupils to adapt to the new online home teaching and learning (PdPR) environment. Therefore, this study examines the distributive leadership practices on the efficiency of primary school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic period and challenges from the perspective of school leaders in managing and leading schools during this difficult period. A qualitative design with a phenomenology approach was used in studying and exploring their experiences. Five informants had collaborated in this study, and five main themes emerged: designation and sharing of school missions, visions, and goals; sharing of responsibilities; giving positive changes to teachers and students; giving changes to teachers to develop leadership skills; and cooperation - coordination and mutual understanding between education leaders and teachers. Through these themes, it is found that distributive leadership can be consistently pre-dedicated across all educational institutions. Besides sharing responsibilities, distributive leadership had enhanced teachers' knowledge and skills.

Keywords: Challenges, Distributive Leadership, Online Teaching and Learning, Teacher Self-Efficacy, Malaysia.
Microneedle Patch Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine sebagai Upaya Vaksinasi Tanpa Jarum Suntik
Authors: Febriana Lika Ginanti , Rahmawaty Adira , Fitriani Anisa Nur , Amanda Syifa , Permadi Najla Eksakta , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo 
Published: February 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae pada nasofaring anak merupakan penyebab penyakit pneumokokus invasif paling banyak di masyarakat. Upaya pencegahan yang efektif melalui imunisasi seperti Hib, pneumococcus, campak, dan pertussis. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) merupakan vaksin dengan basis polisakarida streptococcus pneumoniae yang terkonjugasi dengan protein pembawa. Penghantaran sebagian besar vaksin dengan jarum suntik melalui injeksi intramuskular ataupun subkutan dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit dan trauma pada anak. Selain itu, jarum suntik dapat menjadi media penularan HBV, HCV, dan HIV. Oleh karena itu, penghantaran injeksi tanpa jarum suntik salah satunya microneedle patch. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan formulasi dan evaluasi microneedle patch Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine dari natrium karboksimetil selulosa. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara membuat cetakan microneedle patch dan kemudian menyusun formulasi bahan aktif dan eksipien microneedle patch. Evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah evaluasi morfologi dengan menggunakan SEM. Diperoleh microneedle patch dengan komposisi 0,5 mL vaksin PCV-13, 350 μL PVA 8%, 2 mL Na CMC 8%, 100 μL trehalosa 10%, 100 μL albumin 10%, 250 μL DMSO dalam patch kedap air ukuran 39 mm x 39mm x 5 mm. Hasil evaluasi SEM menunjukan microneedle memiliki panjang 706 μm, lebar 152 μm, dan bentuk kerucut dengan puncak tajam. Kata Kunci: Microneedle Patch, PCV-13, Pneumonia
Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Pentingnya Produk Eco-Friendly Skincare Bagi Ekosistem Perairan Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Santi Rukminita , Sari Qurnia Wulan , Utami Sanny Tri , Putriana Norisca Aliza 
Published: February 2022

Salah satu sumber antropogenik polutan laut berpotensi bahaya berasal dari kosmetika berupa plastik kemasan, microbeaddan beberapa bahan aktif produk perawatan kulit. Menjaga dan melestarikan ekosistem laut dari ancaman polusi yang membahayakan memerlukan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu indikator pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level pengetahuan dan mengukur kesadaran masyarakat terhadap keberadaan produk eco-friendly skincare. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif menggunakan metode kuesioner dan hasil kuesioner diolah secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para responden telah memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang ekosistem laut khususnya terumbu karang serta mendukung keberadaan produk berekolabel. Namun, separuhnya belum mengetahui dampak negatif bahan bahan aktif skincare bagi ekosistem maupun organisme perairan. Aspek kehalalan, khasiat dan keamanan produk bagi kesehatan menjadi dasar utama responden dalam memilih suatu produk kosmetik dan skincare. Aspek pengetahuan tentang keamanan produk bagi lingkungan dan keterjangkauan atau daya saing harga dengan produk non eco-label diketahui mempengaruhi keputusan responden untuk mengutamakan pemilihan produk berekolabel