bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health activism as nursing practice: A scoping review
Authors: Mundie Courtney , Donelle Lorie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim was to assess the current literature investigating health activism within nursing practice.DesignThis was a scoping review of the literature utilizing the updated Levac et al.’s framework.Data Source/Review MethodsA search of the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Allied Health databases was conducted for peer‐reviewed, English research published between January 2000 and April 2021.ResultsThirty‐one articles met the criteria for inclusion in this study. The included research in nursing and health activism was heterogeneous in topic and method and primarily conducted in North America. Four themes resulted from the inductive thematic analysis: (1) Doing Health Activism, (2) Facilitators to Engaging in Health Activism, (3) Barriers to Health Activism Engagement and (4) Limited Education. Activism was not consistently defined and the term was used interchangeably with advocacy.ConclusionThere is a gap between nursing scope of practice, and education and skills in health activism. There is limited research regarding health activism and what constitutes as health activism. There is an opportunity to improve health activism awareness and skills within the nursing profession and undergraduate education and to produce nursing research on health activism.ImpactHealth activism is integral to the nursing role, however, evidence suggests nurses lack confidence to engage in activism as practice. This is important for nurses across the world and in all care specialities.
Protective immunity by DNA vaccine against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus
Authors: Yang Bin , Guo Zi‐Rao , Zhao Zhao , Wang Tao , Yang Fei , Ling Fei , Zhu Bin , Wang Gao‐Xue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is one of the common pathogens in the largemouth bass industry, which can cause lethal diseases in juvenile fish and enormous economic losses. To establish effective means to prevent MSRV infection, the pcDNA3.1‐G plasmid containing the MSRV glycoprotein gene was successfully constructed and intramuscularly injected into the largemouth bass to evaluate the immune responses and protective effects in our study. As the results showed, the serum antibody levels of the fish vaccinated with different doses of pcDNA3.1‐G were significantly higher compared with the control groups (PBS and pcDNA3.1). Meanwhile, the immune parameters (acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) were also significantly up‐regulated. Several immune‐related genes (IgM, IL‐8, IL‐12p40 and CD40) were expressed in the pcDNA3.1‐G groups at higher levels than in the control groups, which indicated that strong immune responses were induced. Besides, the survival percentages of fish in the control groups (PBS and pcDNA3.1) and pcDNA3.1‐G groups (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/fish) at 14 days after challenge experiment with MSRV were 0%, 0%, 6.1%, 15.2%, 29.0% and 48.5% respectively. This study indicated that pcDNA3.1‐G was a prospective DNA vaccine candidate against MSRV‐induced mortality.
Cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenase CYP703A2 plays a central role in sporopollenin formation and ms5ms6 fertility in cotton
Authors: Ma Huanhuan , Wu Yuanlong , Lv Ruiling , Chi Huabin , Zhao Yunlong , Li Yanlong , Liu Hongbo , Ma Yizan , Zhu Longfu , Guo Xiaoping , Kong Jie , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu , Zhang Xianlong , Min Ling 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe double‐recessive genic male‐sterile (ms) line ms5 ms6 has been used to develop cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids for many years, but its molecular‐genetic basis has remained unclear. Here, we identified the Ms5 and Ms6 loci through map‐based cloning and confirmed their function in male sterility through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Ms5 and Ms6 are highly expressed in stages 7–9 anthers and encode the cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenases CYP703A2‐A and CYP703A2‐D. The ms5 mutant carries a single‐nucleotide C‐to‐T nonsense mutation leading to premature chain termination at amino acid 312 (GhCYP703A2‐A312aa), and ms6 carries three nonsynonymous substitutions (D98E, E168K, and G198R) and a synonymous mutation (L11L). Enzyme assays showed that GhCYP703A2 proteins hydroxylate fatty acids, and the ms5 (GhCYP703A2‐A312aa) and ms6 (GhCYP703A2‐DD98E,E168K,G198R) mutant proteins have decreased enzyme activities. Biochemical and lipidomic analyses showed that in ms5 ms6 plants, C12–C18 free fatty acid and phospholipid levels are significantly elevated in stages 7–9 anthers, while stages 8–10 anthers lack sporopollenin fluorescence around the pollen, causing microspore degradation and male sterility. Overall, our characterization uncovered functions of GhCYP703A2 in sporopollenin formation and fertility, providing guidance for creating male‐sterile lines to facilitate hybrid cotton production and therefore exploit heterosis for improvement of cotton.
Polycaprolactone scaffolds as a biomaterial for cementoblast delivery: An in vitro study
Authors: Abdalla Henrique B. , Marchioro Rayssa R. , Galvão Karen Elizabeth A. , Teixeira Lucas N. , Kantovitz Kamila R. , Millás Ana Luiza G. M. , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo define the potential of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold for cementoblast delivery.BackgroundDental cementum is critical for tooth attachment and position, and its regenerative capabilities remain unpredictable.MethodsPCL scaffolds were manufactured by the electrospinning technique at 10% and 20% (w/v) and seeded with cementoblasts (OCCM‐30). Scaffolds were characterized for their morphology and biological performance by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal and conventional histology, cytocompatibility (PrestoBlue assay), gene expression (type I collagen – Col1; bone sialoprotein – Bsp; runt‐related transcription factor 2 – Runx‐2; alkaline phosphatase – Alpl; osteopontin – Opn; osteocalcin – Ocn, osterix – Osx), and the potential to induce extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization in vitro.ResultsOverall, data analysis showed that PCL scaffolds allowed cell adhesion and proliferation, modulated the expression of key markers of cementoblasts, and led to enhanced extracellular matrix deposition and calcium deposition as compared to the control group.ConclusionAltogether, our findings allow concluding that PCL scaffolds are a viable tool to culture OCCM‐30 cells, leading to an increased potential to promote mineralization in vitro. Further studies should be designed in order to define the clinical relevance of cementoblast‐loaded PCL scaffolds to promote new cementum formation.
Islam and democracy
Authors: Khodaverdian Saeed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Muslim countries have a lower democracy level on average than the other countries. Yet, this cross‐country comparison is not sufficient to blame Islam for the democracy deficit. This issue is related to the numerous fixed characteristics that differ across the countries and that also have an effect on democracy. When the differences are not considered, the estimates mix the effect of the fixed characteristics with the effect that Islam has on democracy. We show this issue for a large set of countries covering the period 1950–2015. In cross‐country comparisons, we find a negative link between the share of Muslims in the total population and common measures for democracy. Yet, when the fixed characteristics are considered, the negative link vanishes. Thus, the lower democracy level has to be due to a fixed characteristic; it cannot be associated to (time‐varying) Muslim shares. Numerous empirical specifications support this finding. We also measure Islam by the average per‐day length of fasting during the month of Ramadan exploring whether the intensity of practicing the core teachings of Islam has a negative effect on democracy. Again, the evidence rejects a negative effect of Islam on democracy. If anything, the effect is positive. The findings are important for social coexistence.
A Mencian Account of Resentment
Authors: Ooi Daryl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe reactive attitude of ‘resentment’ has been gaining increasing attention within contemporary philosophical literature. However, little attention has been given to the conceptions of resentment in Asian philosophy. In recent years, some philosophers have argued that there is a positive account of resentment in Confucian philosophy. This paper brings a recent Confucian account of resentment in conversation with contemporary philosophical discussions. The conversations revolve around aspects of resentment such as exculpatory conditions, payback, transition, and moral cultivation. The conversation not only adds clarity to the Mencian account, it also demonstrates potential contributions this account has to contemporary discussions on resentment.
Growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants induced by magnetic fields: A review
Authors: Hafeez M. B. , Zahra N. , Ahmad N. , Shi Z. , Raza A. , Wang X. , Li J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Earth's geomagnetic field (GMF) is an inescapable environmental factor for plants that affects all growth and yield parameters. Both strong and weak magnetic fields (MF), as compared to the GMF, have specific roles in plant growth and development. MF technology is an eco‐friendly technique that does not emit waste or generate harmful radiation, nor require any external power supply, so it can be used in sustainable modern agriculture. Thus, exposure of plants to MF is a potential affordable, reusable and safe practice for enhancing crop productivity by changing physiological and biochemical processes. However, the effect of MF on plant physiological and biochemical processes is not yet well understood. This review describes the effects of altering MF conditions (higher or lower values than the GMF) on physiological and biochemical processes of plants. The current contradictory and inconsistent outcomes from studies on varying effects of MF on plants could be related to species and/or MF exposure time and intensity. The reviewed literature suggests MF have a role in changing physiological processes, such as respiration, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water relations and biochemical attributes, including genes involved in ROS, antioxidants, enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites. MF application might efficiently increase growth and yield of many crops, and as such, should be the focus for future research.
Soil function assessment in high‐mountain environments: Testing the SEPP tool in a ski resort in the Italian Alps
Authors: Schaber Elisabeth , D'Amico Michele E. , Pintaldi Emanuele , Stanchi Silvia , Freppaz Michele , Geitner Clemens 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil function assessment (SFA) plays an important role in evaluating the impact of management practices, land‐use changes and construction work. The Soil Evaluation for Planning Procedures (SEPP) tool is one of the few existing SFA tools that allow automated SFA. It was originally developed to address land‐use planning issues, which traditionally play a minor role in high‐mountain areas. Hence, the SEPP tool has not yet been applied to such environments. In this study, we tested the SEPP performance on high‐mountain soils previously altered by construction work and land‐use changes. Specifically, we evaluated soil data from 16 ski runs and 16 paired control sites in the Italian Alps, aiming to reflect land‐use‐driven differences in soil properties in the SFA results. The study revealed options to adapt SEPP assessment methods if high‐mountain soils with special characteristics (e.g. shallowness or high coarse fragment content) are investigated. The main adaptation options are the consideration of further soil parameters and the adjustment of thresholds of function fulfilment levels. However, the assessment results of the current SEPP version already reflect the most relevant impacts of ski run construction on the soils in the study area: fulfilment of some of the soil functions was impaired and that of others improved, while most remained at a comparable level. We conclude that SFA with the SEPP tool provides valuable support for the evaluation of construction projects and land‐use change in high‐mountain environments. However, the significance of SFA can be improved by considering the intrinsic properties of high‐mountain soils.
Comparing the thermal conductivity of three artificial soils under differing moisture and density conditions for use in green infrastructure
Authors: Lunt Paul H. , Fuller Kate , Fox Matthew , Goodhew Steve , Murphy Thomas R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil‐based green infrastructure has the potential to improve building thermal performance and contribute to sustainable buildings. This study compares thermal conductivity response to soil moisture of three peat‐free artificial soils to evaluate their potential use within green roofs and living walls. Thermal conductivity was measured with changing soil moisture and density. All soils showed higher thermal conductivity measures with increases in soil moisture. The ‘Biochar‐coconut coir compost’ had the lowest thermal conductivity measures which displayed negligible response to density changes and exhibited the highest water holding capacity. When uncompacted, ‘FabSoil’ had low thermal conductivity measures, but when compacted, its measures were considerably higher. Results show the role of density on thermal performance will be soil type dependent. Overall, findings highlight the importance of considering substrate composition, density and suggest that peat‐free artificial soil substrates that contain biochar, have a higher percentage organic matter content and a finer particle texture are likely to result in lower thermal conductivity and higher soil water holding capacity. The results also showed that ThetaProbe measures (volumetric) had a high equivalence to actual soil moisture content (gravimetric), across different soil types and soil bulk densities. This finding supports the use of ThetaProbe measures as an effective method for monitoring soil moisture; with the potential for integration into irrigation control systems for green infrastructure. The findings of this paper offer the potential to improve building thermal performance by informing soil substrate choice, irrigation control and load bearing requirements in the design of green infrastructure.
Strategies to detect and manage latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in high TB burden countries ‐ a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sagili Karuna Devi , Muniyandi Malaisamy , Shringarpure Kalpita , Singh Kavita , Kirubakaran Richard , Rao Raghuram , Tonsing Jamhoih , Sachdeva Kuldeep Singh , Tharyan Prathap 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo summarise latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management strategies among household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in high‐TB burden countries.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE (NCBI) and Scopus were searched (January 2006 to December 2021) for studies reporting primary data on LTBI management. Study selection, data management and data synthesis were protocol‐driven (PROSPERO‐CRD42021208715). Primary outcomes were the proportions of LTBI, initiating and completing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT). Reported factors influencing the LTBI care cascade were qualitatively synthesised.ResultsFrom 3694 unique records retrieved, 58 studies from 23 countries were included. Most identified contacts were screened (median 99%, interquartile range [IQR] 82%–100%; 46 studies). Random‐effects meta‐analysis yielded pooled proportions for: LTBI 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33%–49%; 21,566 tested contacts); TPT initiation 91% (95% CI 79%–97%; 129,573 eligible contacts, 34 studies); TPT completion 65% (95% CI 54%–74%; 108,679 TPT‐initiated contacts, 28 studies). Heterogeneity was significant (I2 ≥ 95%–100%) and could not be explained in subgroup analyses. Median proportions (IQR) were: LTBI 44% (28%–59%); TPT initiation 86% (60%–100%); TPT completion 68% (44%–82%). Nine broad themes related to diagnostic testing, health system structure and functions, risk perception, documentation and adherence were considered likely to influence the LTBI care cascade.ConclusionThe proportions of household contacts screened, detected with LTBI and initiated on TPT, though variable was high, but the proportions completing TPT were lower indicating current strategies used for LTBI management in high TB burden countries are not sufficient.
Mechanical evaluation of canine sacroiliac joint stabilization using two short screws
Authors: Hanlon John , Hudson Caleb C. , Litsky Alan S. , Jones Stephen C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and mechanical stability of sacroiliac (SI) joint stabilization using 2 short 3.5 mm cortical screws, each spanning an average of 23% of the width of the sacral body.Study designCadaveric experimental study.Sample populationTwenty‐four canine pelvis specimens.MethodsPelvis specimens were prepared by disarticulation of the left SI joint and osteotomy of the left pubis and left ischium, and stabilized using a single long lag screw (LLS), 2 short lag screws (SLS) or 2 short positional screws (SPS). Computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to determine standardized screw lengths for each group and was repeated following implant insertion. Specimens were secured within a servohydraulic test frame and loaded through the acetabulum to simulate weight bearing under displacement control at 4 mm/min for 20 mm total displacement. Group mechanical testing data were compared.ResultsPeak load, yield load, and stiffness were more than 2 times greater in both the SLS and SPS groups when compared with the LLS group. No mechanical difference was identified between the short‐screw groups.ConclusionSacroiliac luxation fixation using 2 short screws created a stronger, stiffer construct when compared with fixation using a single lag screw spanning 60% of the width of the sacral body. No mechanical advantage was observed between short screws inserted in positional vs. lag fashion.Clinical significanceSacroiliac luxation fixation using 2 short screws creates a mechanically superior construct with a larger region of acceptable implant positioning and potentially reduced risk of iatrogenic injury compared with conventional fixation.
Electrodeposition Technique to Fabrication CIGS using Pure Selenium and SeO2 as Selenium Source
Authors: Rahmawati Hilda , Abadi M. Tommy Hasan , Zulaikah Siti , Mufti Nandang 
Published: August 2022

Energy demands are increasing day by day because almost all equipment that supports human activities uses electrical energy. CIGS solar cells are an energy source that is environmentally friendly, renewable, and has high efficiency. Selenium is one of the materials used in making solar cell CIGS. However, researchers often find the problems of this material hard to dissolve compared to other materials (copper, indium, and gallium). Therefore, in this study, pure selenium will be synthesized to produce selenium dioxide (SeO2) as a material for making solar cell CIGS with electrodeposition. The XRF showed the resulting selenium dioxide of 99.077%, SEM-EDX showed At% selenium from SeO2 greater than pure selenium, XRD showed CIGS orientation on (211) and (105).
Melanin‐concentrating hormone regulates the hypercapnic chemoreflex by acting in the lateral hypothalamic area
Authors: Rodrigues Laísa T. C. , Patrone Luis Gustavo A. , Gargaglioni Luciane H. , Dias Mirela B. 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) suppresses the hypercapnic chemoreflex: what is the mechanism by which this effect is produced?

What is the main finding and its importance?
MCH acting in the lateral hypothalamic area but not in the locus coeruleus in rats, in the light period, attenuates the hypercapnic chemoreflex. The data provide new insight into the role of MCH in the modulation of the hypercapnic ventilatory response.

AbstractMelanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in a broad range of homeostatic functions including regulation of the hypercapnic chemoreflex. We evaluated whether MCH modulates the hypercapnic ventilatory response by acting in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and/or in the locus coeruleus (LC). Here, we measured pulmonary ventilation (), body temperature, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) of unanaesthetized adult male Wistar rats before and after microinjection of MCH (0.4 mM) or MCH receptor 1 (MCH1‐R) antagonist (SNAP‐94847; 63 mM) into the LHA and LC, in room air and 7% CO2 conditions during wakefulness and sleep in the dark and light periods. MCH intra‐LHA caused a decreased CO2 ventilatory response during wakefulness and sleep in the light period, while SNAP‐94847 intra‐LHA increased this response, during wakefulness in the light period. In the LC, MCH or the MCH1‐R antagonist caused no change in the hypercapnic ventilatory response. Our results suggest that MCH, in the LHA, exerts an inhibitory modulation of the hypercapnic ventilatory response during the light‐inactive period in rats.
A change of heart: Mechanisms of cardiac adaptation to acute and chronic hypoxia
Authors: Williams Alexandra M. , Levine Benjamin D. , Stembridge Mike 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the last 100 years, high‐altitude researchers have amassed a comprehensive understanding of the global cardiac responses to acute, prolonged and lifelong hypoxia. When lowlanders are exposed to hypoxia, the drop in arterial oxygen content demands an increase in cardiac output, which is facilitated by an elevated heart rate at the same time as ventricular volumes are maintained. As exposure is prolonged, haemoconcentration restores arterial oxygen content, whereas left ventricular filling and stroke volume are lowered as a result of a combination of reduced blood volume and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Populations native to high‐altitude, such as the Sherpa in Asia, exhibit unique lifelong or generational adaptations to hypoxia. For example, they have smaller left ventricular volumes compared to lowlanders despite having larger total blood volume. More recent investigations have begun to explore the mechanisms underlying such adaptive responses by combining novel imaging techniques with interventions that manipulate cardiac preload, afterload, and/or contractility. This work has revealed the contributions and interactions of (i) plasma volume constriction; (ii) sympathoexcitation; and (iii) hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with respect to altering cardiac loading, or otherwise preserving or enhancing biventricular systolic and diastolic function even amongst high altitude natives with excessive erythrocytosis. Despite these advances, various areas of investigation remain understudied, including potential sex‐related differences in response to high altitude. Collectively, the available evidence supports the conclusion that the human heart successfully adapts to hypoxia over the short‐ and long‐term, without signs of myocardial dysfunction in healthy humans, except in very rare cases of maladaptation.
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Interpolated Moduli Adjustment Technique for Limit Loads
Authors: Mangalaramanan Sathya Prasad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A method to determine lower and upper bound limit loads called interpolated moduli adjustment technique (IMAT) is proposed in this article. This method is based on iterative linear elastic analyses and is applied to several test cases of practical interest. IMAT fully conforms to the classical lower and upper bound theorems. In all the cases, the upper and lower bound limit loads converge, thereby establishing the robustness of the technique. The results from IMAT correlate with nonlinear finite element analysis consistently within 3%.