bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro Activity of Medicinal Plant Crude Extract and In-vivo Toxicity Testing of Dichloromethane Root Extract of Citrus limon in laboratory Rabbits
Authors: Guya S. O. , Njagi Eliud N. M. , Guantai A. N. , Langat-Thoruwa Caroline C. , Murilla Grace , Kurgat Richard , Okoth Sylvance , Chemuliti Judith , Muleke C. I. 
Published: July 2022

Aims: To identify viable phytomedicines traditionally employed for the treatment of malaria in Kenya that could be developed into antimalarial agents.
Study Design: Quantitative analysis of antiplasmodial activities and brine shrimp bioassays were carried out using standard procedures. The experiment was set in duplicate for each concentration of the drug and average IC50 determined.
Place and Duration of Study: Seven indigenous plants: Achyranthes aspera, Heinsiacrinita, Bridelia cathartica, Citrus limon, Microglossapyrifolia, Vernoniaglabra and Carissa edulis obtained from Kilifi and Homa-Bay counties in Kenya were evaluated for their anti-Plasmodium falciparum potential. Collection of samples and analysis took about three months from April 2018.
Methodology: Both Chemical and aqueous crude extraction methods were carried out to identify the most active extracts against P. Falciparum and then isolate pure active phytochemicals. Pure compounds were subjected to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Infra-Red (IR) and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) analyses for structure elucidation.
Results: Four extracts (hexane, dichloromethane (DCM),methanoland water) of seven different species of plants were analyzed for their anti-plasmodial activities.W2 and D6 strains of Falciparum were tested. However, the three most active extracts were from Citrus lemon roots (DCM) with IC50 value of 7.017 µg/mL, C. edulis root (aqueous) with IC50 value of 8.054 µg/Ml and B. Cathertical eaves (methanol) with IC50 value of 15.647 µg/Ml. However, three pure compounds were obtained; suberosin IC5026.7 (Strain W2), 53.1 (Strain D6) and xanthyletin IC501580 (Strain W2) from C. limon (DCM) and spinasterol IC50 43.2 (Strain W2) from M. pyrifolia (hexane).
Conclusion: The three different species of plants with most active compounds have demonstrated their potentiality in treatment for falciparum malaria. Structures of the isolated three compounds can be modelled to synthesis of anti- plasmodial drugs as they are active in vitro.
A Review on Graphene‐Based Electromagnetic Functional Materials: Electromagnetic Wave Shielding and Absorption
Authors: Xia Yuxing , Gao Weiwei , Gao Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) functional materials play an increasingly important role in solving EM wave pollution in both modern military and civil fields. Graphene‐based materials are the most promising candidates in the applications of EM wave shielding and absorption owing to their remarkable structures and enhanced EM properties. Designing graphene‐based materials with elaborately controlled microstructures and optimized EM properties can effectively improve EM energy attenuation and conversion. Herein, the study begins with the EM attenuation mechanism, and multiscale design strategies of graphene‐based EM functional materials are outlined, including molecular‐scale, micro/nanoscale structure, macroscale structure, and integration of multiscale assembly design strategies. Applications in the EM wave shielding and absorption fields are reviewed, focusing on the latest advances in graphene‐based assemblies such as films, fabrics, and composites. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this fast‐growing field are predicted.
Tuning the Magnetization of Manganese (II) Carbonate by Intracrystalline Amino Acids
Authors: Lang Arad , Polishchuk Iryna , Confalonieri Giorgia , Dejoie Catherine , Maniv Ariel , Potashnikov Daniel , Caspi El'ad N. , Pokroy Boaz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncorporation of organic molecules into the lattice of inorganic crystalline hosts is a common phenomenon in biomineralization and is shown to alter various properties of the crystalline host. Taking this phenomenon as a source of inspiration, it is shown herein that incorporation of specific single amino acids into the lattice of manganese (II) carbonate strongly alters its inherent magnetic properties. At room temperature, the magnetic susceptibility of the amino‐acid‐incorporating paramagnetic MnCO3 decreases, following a simple rule of mixtures. When cooled below the Néel temperature, however, the opposite trend is observed, namely an increase in magnetic susceptibility measured in a high magnetic field. Such an increase, accompanied by a drastic change in the Néel phase transformation temperature, results from a decrease in MnCO3 orbital overlapping and the weakening of superexchange interactions. It may be that this is the first time that the magnetic properties of a host crystal are tuned via the incorporation of amino acids.
Engineering Grain Boundaries in Two‐Dimensional Electronic Materials
Authors: Yang Seong‐Jun , Choi Min‐Yeong , Kim Cheol‐Joo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEngineering the boundary structures in 2D materials provides an unprecedented opportunity to program the physical properties of the materials with extensive tunability and realize innovative devices with advanced functionalities. However, structural engineering technology is still in its infancy, and creating artificial boundary structures with high reproducibility remains difficult. In this review, various emergent properties of 2D materials with different grain boundaries, and the current techniques to control the structures, are introduced. The remaining challenges for scalable and reproducible structure control and the outlook on the future directions of the related techniques are also discussed.
Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging for Molecular Detection and Disease Diagnosis: “Always‐On” and “Turn‐On” Probes
Authors: Zeng Yun , Dou Taotao , Ma Lei , Ma Jingwen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging is a nonionizing, noninvasive imaging technique that combines optical and ultrasonic imaging modalities to provide images with excellent contrast, spatial resolution, and penetration depth. Exogenous PA contrast agents are created to increase the sensitivity and specificity of PA imaging and to offer diagnostic information for illnesses. The existing PA contrast agents are categorized into two groups in this review: “always‐on” and “turn‐on,” based on their ability to be triggered by target molecules. The present state of these probes, their merits and limitations, and their future development, is explored.
Structures of the Most Twisted Thioamide and Selenoamide: Effect of Higher Chalcogens of Twisted Amides on N−C(X) Resonance
Authors: Zhao Qun , Li Guangchen , Nareddy Pradeep , Jordan Frank , Lalancette Roger , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmide bond replacement with planar isosteric chalcogen analogues has an important implication for the properties of the N−C(X) linkage in structural chemistry, biochemistry and organic synthesis. Herein, we report the first higher chalcogen derivatives of non‐planar twisted amides. The synthesis of twisted thioamide in a versatile system has been accomplished by direct thionation without cleavage of the σ N−C bond. The synthesis of twisted selenoamide has been accomplished by selenation with Woollins’ reagent. The structures of higher chalcogen analogues of non‐planar amides were unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Reactivity studies were conducted to determine the effect of isologous N−C(O) to N−C(X) replacement on the properties of the amide linkage. Computational studies were employed to evaluate structural and energetic parameters of amide bond alteration in higher chalcogen amides. The study provides the first experimental evidence on the effect of chalcogen isologues on the structural and electronic properties of the non‐planar amide N−C(X) linkage.
Flexible, short‐duration outreach sessions in the human anatomy laboratory provide authentic, humanistic experiences
Authors: Ruth Aidan A. , Nesbitt Allison , Johnson Laura E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnatomy laboratories can provide rich opportunities for outreach to K‐12 and college students interested in pursuing careers in health, medicine, or science. At the University of Missouri, the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences has designed flexible, one‐hour interactive sessions that typically cover basic anatomical concepts using whole‐body donors. In order to evaluate whether short‐duration programs were impactful in increasing enthusiasm for anatomy and the health professions sciences, we used mixed methods to study participant experience covering three topics: (1) enthusiasm for anatomy, (2) interest in pursuing a career in healthcare professions, and (3) perception of the importance of whole‐body donation. The same questions were asked pre‐ and post‐session, and the post‐session survey had additional questions related to student satisfaction. Quantitative analyses showed an increased interest in anatomy and appreciation for whole‐body donation following the session. Students also perceived that they had a better understanding of the body and what it would be like to attend a health professions school. Thematic analysis revealed an appreciation for contextualizing the size, position, and hands‐on feel of anatomical structures, and emphasized that students felt that they understood the body better after having seen a donor's anatomy. This work shows that short‐duration, flexible outreach sessions involving whole‐body donors can provide students with a rare opportunity to confirm their contextual understanding of anatomy, and provide students with an authentic, and humanistic experience.
Free‐Standing Pearl‐Chains‐like MoO2 Hierarchical Nanowires with Enhanced Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Shi Changwei , Feng Shihao , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Jianyong , Mai Liqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanostructure construction is an efficient strategy to achieve high pseudocapacitive behavior with excellent charge storing ability and good cyclability. In this work, we constructed a novel pearl‐chains‐like MoO2 nanowires (MoO2 PNWs) on nickel foam via a facile solvothermal method. The formation mechanism can be inferred from the oriented growth and self‐assembly process under the contribution of benzyl alcohol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The MoO2 PNWs deliver a high specific capacitance of 1254 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, outstanding rate performance with 73 % retention from 1 to 20 A g−1, and 91.5 % retention of capacitance after 2000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The outstanding performance is attributed to the continuous electron conductive path, short ion diffusion length and enlarged electrode‐electrolyte interface provided by the pearl chains like hierarchical nanowire, and good electrical conductivity owing to the free‐standing structures.
Recent trends in extraction, purification, and antioxidant activity evaluation of plant leaf‐extract polysaccharides
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Muneeb , Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid , Iqbal Yasir , Hussain Abdullah Ijaz , Khan Ikramullah , Xie Fengwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review elaborates on current advances in the extraction, purification, and antioxidant activity of plant leaf‐extract polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are widely used as important ingredients in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Researchers have been investigating useful sources of natural polysaccharides and developing green and feasible extraction procedures for polysaccharides. This review examines different methods for extracting polysaccharides from leaves, and discusses their advantages and limitations. Purification techniques for plant leaf‐based polysaccharides were also highlighted, together with their antioxidant effects. Among different extraction methods, pressurized‐liquid extraction and enzyme‐assisted extraction are considered to be better for large‐scale extraction of polysaccharides from plant leaves. This review could contribute to the design of leaf waste processes at a commercial level for the sustainable recovery of polysaccharides. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Abnormal growth and morphogenesis of placenta at term is linked to adverse fetal development after perigestational alcohol consumption up to early gestation in mouse
Authors: Gualdoni Gisela Soledad , Pérez‐Tito Leticia , Barril Camila , Sobarzo Cristian , Cebral Elisa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGestation alcohol consumption produces fetal growth restriction and malformations by affecting the embryo–fetal development. Recently a relationship between abnormal placentation and fetal malformation and intrauterine growth retardation has been suggested. However, the effects of perigestational alcohol ingestion up to early pregnancy on the placenta at term and its association with fetal abnormalities are little known.MethodsIn female mice, ethanol 10% in water was administered for 15 days previous and up to days 4 (D4), 8 (D8), or 10 (D10) of gestation (TF), and gestation continues without ethanol exposure. Control females (CF) received ethanol‐free water. At day 18, feto‐placental units and implantation sites were studied.ResultsTF had increased resorptions and only fetuses from D8‐TF and D10‐TF had significantly increased weights versus CF. D4 and D10‐TF‐placentas had significantly reduced weights. All TF had increased junctional zone (JZ) and reduced labyrinth (Lab) areas (PAS‐histology and morphometry) compared with CF. Fetuses with mainly with craniofacial abnormalities and skeletal defects (Alizarin red staining), significantly increase; while the fetal bone density (alizarin color intensity, ImageJ) was reduced in D4, D8 and D10‐TF versus CF. Although all TF‐placentas were histo‐structural affected, TF‐abnormal fetuses had the most severe placental anomalies, with junctional abundant glycogenic cells into the labyrinth, disorganized labyrinthine vascularization with signs of leukocyte infiltrates and feto‐maternal blood mix.ConclusionsPerigestational alcohol consumption up to early gestation induces at term fetal growth alterations, dysmorphology and defective skeleton, linked to deficient growth and abnormal morphogenesis of placenta, highlighting insight into the prenatal etiology of FASD.
Hypothesis: By‐products of vascular disruption carried in the CSF affect prenatal brain development
Authors: Lubinsky Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrenatal CNS disruptions can be associated with physically separate findings. Examples include cognitive issues in septo‐optic dysplasia and sporadic and WNT1‐related unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia, and physical findings such as thinning of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, hippocampal abnormalities, olfactory tract and bulb hypoplasia, and distant cortical dysplasias with schizencephaly. Similar effects to toxicities with intraventricular hemorrhage in prematurity could occur earlier in development. CSF transportation of disruption by‐products would provide access to vulnerable areas through inflammatory effects on blood–brain barrier permeability. Outcomes are influenced by location and volume of byproducts in the CSF, timing, transport, and inflammatory responses. A particular association of vermis disruption with cognitive issues may be related to CSF flow distortions that avoid toxin dilutions in the third ventricle. Symmetrical contralateral cortical dysplasia with schizencephaly may reflect immunovascular field‐related vulnerabilities seen in situations such as vitiligo.
Pin1/YAP pathway mediates matrix stiffness‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition driving cervical cancer metastasis via a non‐Hippo mechanism
Authors: Yang Long , Li Jingwen , Zang Guangchao , Song Sijie , Sun Zhengwen , Li Xinyue , Li Yuanzhu , Xie Zhenhong , Zhang Guangyuan , Gui Ni , Zhu Shu , Chen Tingting , Cai Yikui , Zhao Yinping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCervical cancer metastasis is an important cause of death in cervical cancer. Previous studies have shown that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumors promotes its invasive and metastatic capacity. Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mechanical signaling are closely associated with cancer cell metastasis. However, it is unclear how matrix stiffness as an independent cue triggers EMT and promotes cervical cancer metastasis. Using collagen‐coated polyacrylamide hydrogel models and animal models, we investigated the effect of matrix stiffness on EMT and metastasis in cervical cancer. Our data showed that high matrix stiffness promotes EMT and migration of cervical cancer hela cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we found that matrix stiffness regulates yes‐associated protein (YAP) activity via PPIase non‐mitotic a‐interaction 1 (Pin1) with a non‐Hippo mechanism. These data indicate that matrix stiffness of the tumor microenvironment positively regulates EMT in cervical cancer through the Pin1/YAP pathway, and this study deepens our understanding of cervical cancer biomechanics and may provide new ideas for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Clinical features of acquired erythrocytosis: Low levels of serum erythropoietin in a subset of non‐neoplastic erythrocytosis patients
Authors: Mori Yosuke , Araki Marito , Morishita Soji , Imai Misa , Edahiro Yoko , Ito Masafumi , Ochiai Tomonori , Shirane Shuichi , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Yasuda Hajime , Ando Jun , Ando Miki , Komatsu Norio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcquired erythrocytosis can be classified into polycythemia vera (PV) and non‐neoplastic erythrocytosis (NNE). The vast majority of PV patients harbor JAK2 mutations, but differentiating JAK2 mutation‐negative PV from NNE is challenging due to a lack of definitive molecular markers.MethodsWe studied the clinical features of 121 patients with erythrocytosis of which 47 (38.8%) were JAK2 mutation‐positive and also fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PV, and 67 (55.4%) JAK2 mutation‐negative erythrocytosis patients who were diagnosed as NNE. Diagnosis was strictly based on driver mutation analysis and central pathology review.ResultsNo JAK2 mutation‐negative PV patients were found in our cohort. The NNE group showed significantly younger (p < 0.01) age with higher frequency of smoking (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05), whereas the PV group (n = 47) showed significantly higher white blood cell count, platelet count, and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.001). Although serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels were significantly higher in NNE compared to PV (p < 0.001), approximately 40% of the NNE patients had EPO levels below the lower range of normal, fulfilling a minor diagnostic criterion of PV and raising the possibility of PV misdiagnosis.ConclusionLow EPO levels in JAK2 mutation‐negative erythrocytosis may not be a reliable diagnostic criterion for distinguishing PV from NNE.
Protective Effects of Three Flavonoids from Dendrobium huoshanense Flowers on Alcohol‐Induced Hepatocyte Injury via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF‐κB Pathways
Authors: Li Qiang‐Ming , Yang Xiu‐Rong , Zha Xue‐Qiang , Pan Li‐Hua , Zang Dan‐Dan , Zhang Feng‐Yun , Luo Jian‐Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDendrobium huoshanense flowers have been widely used for liver protection in China. This work was aimed to discover the natural products with activity of mitigating alcoholic hepatocyte injury from Dendrobium huoshanense flowers via bioactivity‐guided isolation, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these natural products. As a result, three flavonoids, 3′‐O‐methylquercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (1), 3′‐O‐methylquercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2) and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), were firstly isolated from D. huoshanense flowers. Results exhibited that flavonoids 1–3 could enhance the cell viability, decrease the expression of ALT and AST, inhibit the cell apoptosis, alleviate the oxidative stress, and mitigate the inflammatory response of alcohol‐induced L02 cells. Mechanism study exhibited that flavonoids 1–3 could increase the expression of Nrf2 as well as its downstream antioxidation genes of alcohol‐induced L02 cells, while ML‐385 (Nrf2 inhibitor) could abolish the inhibitory effects of 1–3 on alcohol‐induced hepatocyte injury. Flavonoids 1–3 could also reduce the phosphorylation levels of IκBα and NF‐κB p65 of alcohol‐induced L02 cells, while SC75741 (NF‐κB inhibitor) could not enhance the inhibitory effects of 1–3 on alcohol‐induced L02 cells injury. The data above indicated that flavonoids 1–3 could inhibit alcohol‐induced hepatocyte injury, which might be attributed to alleviating oxidative stress and mitigating inflammatory response by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF‐κB pathways.
Investigating Peptide‐Coenzyme A Conjugates as Chemical Probes for Proteomic Profiling of N‐Terminal and Lysine Acetyltransferases
Authors: Sindlinger Julia , Schön Stefan , Eirich Jürgen , Kirchgäßner Sören , Finkemeier Iris , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcetyl groups are transferred from acetyl‐coenzyme A (Ac‐CoA) to protein N‐termini and lysine side chains by N‐terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) and lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), respectively. Building on lysine‐CoA conjugates as KAT probes, we have synthesized peptide probes with CoA conjugated to N‐terminal alanine (α‐Ala‐CoA), proline (α‐Pro‐CoA) or tri‐glutamic acid (α‐3Glu‐CoA) units for interactome profiling of NAT complexes. The α‐Ala‐CoA probe enriched the majority of NAT catalytic and auxiliary subunits, while a lysine CoA‐conjugate bound only a subset of endogenous KATs. Interactome profiling with the α‐Pro‐CoA probe showed reduced NAT recruitment in favor of metabolic CoA binding proteins and α‐3Glu‐CoA steered the interactome towards NAA80 and NatB. These findings agreed with the inherent substrate specificities of the target proteins and showed that N‐terminal CoA‐conjugated peptides are versatile probes for NAT complex profiling in lysates of physiological and pathological backgrounds.
Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in high‐risk patients turned down for surgical revascularization
Authors: Farag Mohamed , Al‐Atta Ayman , Abdalazeem Ibrahem , Salim Tarik , Alkhalil Mohammad , Egred Mohaned 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThere are limited data on outcomes of PCI in surgical turndown patientsespecially in those presenting with ACS.Methods and ResultsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients who were turned down for CABG and had PCI between 2013 and 2020. All consecutive patients (449), ACS (n = 245) and no‐ACS (n = 204) were included. In‐hospital complications occurred in 28 patients (6.2%). At 30 days, 27 patients (6.0%) died (18 patients in the ACS group [7.3%] vs. 9 patients in the no‐ACS group [4.4%], p = 0.23). Following multivariate analysis, no significant difference in long‐term mortality was observed between the two groups (median follow‐up of 4 [2–6] years, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.58, p = 0.667). In propensity score‐matched analysis, the adjusted mortality risk was also not different between the groups (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.25–1.26, p = 0.374). Independent predictors of mortality included chronic kidney disease stage ≥ 3 (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13–2.39, p = 0.009), high European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05, p = 0.035), and laser atherectomy use (HR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.32–8.54, p = 0.011).ConclusionsPCI in surgical patients turndown patients appears safe. ACSpresentation was associated with more comorbid illnesses; however, afteradjustment, ACS did not independently confer additional risk of mortality.