bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Proteins SP-B and SP-C in Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayers: Physical Properties Controlled by Specific Protein–Lipid Interactions
Authors: Liekkinen Juho , Olżyńska Agnieszka , Cwiklik Lukasz , de la Serna Jorge Bernardino , Vattulainen Ilpo , Javanainen Matti 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe lining of the alveoli is covered by pulmonary surfactant, a complex mixture of surface-active lipids and proteins that enables efficient gas exchange between inhaled air and the circulation. Despite decades of advancements in the study of the pulmonary surfactant, the molecular scale behavior of the surfactant and the inherent role of the number of different lipids and proteins in surfactant behavior are not fully understood. The most important proteins in this complex system are the surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C. Given this, in this work we performed non-equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the interplay of SP-B and SP-C with multi-component lipid monolayers mimicking the pulmonary surfactant in composition. The simulations were complemented byz-scan fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Our state-of-the-art simulation model reproduces experimental pressure–area isotherms and lateral diffusion coefficients. In agreement with previous research, the inclusion of either SP-B and SP-C increases surface pressure, and our simulations provide a molecular scale explanation for this effect: The proteins display preferential lipid interactions with phosphatidylglycerol, they reside predominantly in the lipid acyl chain region, and they partition into the liquid expanded phase or even induce it in an otherwise packed monolayer. The latter effect is also visible in our atomic force microscopy images. The research done contributes to a better understanding of the roles of specific lipids and proteins in surfactant function, thus helping to develop better synthetic products for surfactant replacement therapy used in the treatment of many fatal lung-related injuries and diseases.
Phase 1 of the National Institutes of Health Preprint Pilot: Testing the viability of making preprints discoverable in PubMed Central and PubMed
Authors: Funk Kathryn , Zayas-Cabán Teresa , Beck Jeffrey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a Pilot in June 2020 to: 1) explore the feasibility and utility of adding preprints to PubMed Central (PMC) and making them discoverable in PubMed, and 2) to support accelerated discoverability of National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported research without compromising user trust in NLM’s widely used literature services.MethodsThe first phase of the Pilot focused on archiving preprints reporting NIH-supported SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 research. To launch Phase 1, NLM identified eligible preprint servers and developed processes for identifying NIH-supported preprints within scope in these servers. Processes were also developed for the ingest and conversion of preprints in PMC and to send corresponding records to PubMed. User interfaces were modified for display of preprint records. NLM collected data on the preprints ingested and discovery of preprint records in PMC and PubMed and engaged users through focus groups and a survey to obtain direct feedback on the Pilot and perceptions of preprints.ResultsBetween June 2020 and June 2022, NLM added more than 3,300 preprint records to PMC (viewed 4 million times) and PubMed (viewed 3 million times) Nearly one-quarter of preprints in the Pilot were not associated with a peer-reviewed published journal article. User feedback revealed that the inclusion of preprints did not have a notable impact on trust in PMC or PubMed.DiscussionNIH-supported preprints can be identified and added to PMC and PubMed without disrupting existing operations processes. Additionally, inclusion of preprints in PMC and PubMed accelerates discovery of NIH research without reducing trust in NLM literature services. Phase 1 of the Pilot provided a useful testbed for studying NIH investigator preprint posting practices, as well as knowledge gaps among user groups, during the COVID-19 public health emergency, an unusual time with heightened interest in immediate access to research results.
Wedgewood Nougat: Challenges in a niche premium brand expansion
Authors: Dutton Kyle , Reyneke Mignon 
Published: December 2022

Subject area of the teaching case:
This teaching case is well suited for short courses focussed on brand equity or marketing. It explores the following themes:

Premium brand equity: managing the brand in different markets, and the process involved in finding the right partners who care about the brand.
Market entry and penetration: strategies for growing in a market, testing a new market, and identifying the right products for a specific market.
Product expansion: the considerations that need to be made when a company is expanding its brand into new markets.

Student level:
This teaching case is specifically aimed at postgraduate students completing a management diploma or a professional development course.

Brief overview of the teaching case:
This case is about a premium confectionery brand Wedgewood. The company started in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa in 1999, with founder Gilly Walters’ handcrafted nougat aimed at a high-income target market. The retail product went on to be sold in stores nationwide. The company has since diversified its product range and tested markets both locally and abroad, with varying levels of success. In early 2020, Paul Walters, CEO, is considering options for the company. While his brother, Jon Walters, head of production and product development, is keen to increase global exports, Paul is less sure. The brand has been developed over the years and the product line expanded to consist of nougat, energy bars, and biscuits. While considering international markets, Paul must keep tabs on how to align the various brands in the process, and limit any potential damage to the brand equity to a minimum. With the company poised for exponential growth entering new international markets, Paul must consider the best expansion strategy. With business growth will they be able to maintain the core values of the business and the brand? Wedgewood will also need to think about staffing resources that would be required should they take on a massive international expansion.

Expected learning outcomes:

To analyse how a small family-owned business is able to achieve sustainable growth and expand its footprint
To evaluate which business model creates the best platform for the expansion of a premium niche brand
To create a branding strategy for international brand expansion
Eden All Natural peanut butter: A small enterprise competing in a saturated South African market
Authors: Jere Mlenga 
Published: December 2022

Subject area of the teaching case:
The case is particularly well suited to courses in marketing, promotion, integrated marketing communication, or marketing for small and medium enterprises.

Student level:
This teaching case is aimed at postgraduate students in management or business programmes.

Brief overview of the teaching case:
This case focusses on the growth direction and product promotion decisions of Debbie Ncube, cofounder and managing director of Eden All Natural (Eden) - an award-winning small enterprise that competes in the peanut butter category - in 2021. Conservative with the use of the company’s financial resources, Ncube has to reconsider Eden’s reliance on word-of-mouth, social media, and network marketing for promoting her range of natural peanut and other nut-based products. The case requires students to identify and evaluate the growth options available to Eden, to consider the strategy decisions around product line management and brand development, and to explore the role of packaging in effective product promotion.

Expected learning outcomes:

To develop strategic product-market growth options (using the market diversification matrix) for a growing enterprise
To recommend what product line management and brand development strategies can be employed as the product mix gets bigger
To explore how packaging could continue to be leveraged to grow sales
Inverroche: Maintaining brand equity in craft gin through brand acquisition
Authors: Peer Tal , Reyneke Mignon 
Published: December 2022

Subject area of the teaching case:
It is well suited for short courses focussed on brand equity or marketing.

Student level:
This teaching case is specifically aimed at postgraduate students completing a management diploma or a professional development course.

Brief overview of the teaching case:
Inverroche, one of South Africa’s first artisianl gins, faces an interesting brand dilemma. By the end of 2016 through a distribution agreement with a large wholesaler, it secures a national footprint and becomes available at all leading retailers, resturants, and bars. The product’s immense growth trajectory attracts the attention of the global drinks conglomerates who see an opportunity to secure market share in the lucrative craft gin segment of the market. Founder Lorna Scott grapples with whether she has made the right choice to sell a majority share of her beloved brand to the global house of brands, Pernod Ricard. In this case, she meets with her sales team to debrief the situation as well as have a heart-to-heart with Alex Farnell, general manager of sales and marketing. The case looks at the Inverroche brand in detail, what it represents, and why it resonates so intrinsically with consumers. However, Scott and Farnell differ in opinion on the strategic objectives of the brand. Farnell seems to think that the sale to Pernod will not harm the brand, but Scott is torn. How does a niche artisinal brand scale? Can a brand remain authentic when it does scale? Is there any commercial sense in remaining artisinal? Is an artisinal brand’s brand equity compromised when it is sold to a corporate house of brands? All of these questions relate to whether a brand can remain authenthically artisinal amidst a corporate acquisition.

Expected learning outcomes:

To identify the challenges of growing an artisinal brand
To identify the challenges of achieving scale as well as the marketing and commercial costs and profits scale represents
To identify how to build a brand that resonates with consumers
To critically assess the link between brand building, distribution, and availability
To analyse the impact of brand architecture on brand equity
Employer collaboration in developing graduate employability: a pilot study in Ireland
Authors: O'Regan Miriam , Carthy Aiden , McGuinness Colm , Owende Philip 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact on student work readiness outcomes of collaboration with employers in developing and delivering tailored graduate employability workshops in socio-emotional skills for work (SES4Work).Design/methodology/approachFramed by the CareerEDGE model of graduate employability, the authors piloted a five-session module for near graduates in five disciplines. The research included an online employer survey (n = 128), employer interviews (n = 21) and tailored workshops for near graduates, culminating in a mock competency-based interview. Using a pre/post-test design, participants (n = 24) also completed the CareerEDGE Employability Development Profile (EDP) and the Trait Emotional Intelligence questionnaire (TEIque).FindingsAfter completing the module, there was a statistically significant improvement in participant scores on the CareerEDGE EDP +12.3%, p < 0.001, effect size (Cohen's d) 0.89, large, and the TEIque +6.4%, p = 0.009, effect size (Cohen's d) 0.61, moderate. Furthermore, 70% (n = 17) of participants were “hired” based on their mock interviews, with 12% (n = 4) offered employer connections after graduation.Originality/valueThis is the first academic research in Ireland to develop and evaluate an enterprise-collaborative, discipline-specific module for enhancing graduate employability. Findings suggest that employer collaboration can enhance the efficacy of employability interventions and therefore merits further research.
Bottom-up approach: the participation of Fridays For Future in the climate emergency declaration in the University of Salamanca
Authors: Reyes-Carrasco Paula Mariel , Ferrari Enzo , Ruíz Méndez Camilo , Barrón Ruíz Angela 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to describe the process leading the climate emergency declaration (CED) at the University of Salamanca. In contrast to similar initiatives, this was achieved with the participation of students on the social movement Fridays For Future Salamanca.

Design/methodology/approach
The context of the CED is described. Statements in Spanish universities are used for comparison and internal reports and evaluations were analyzed to measure the progress. Testimonies from the proponents of the declaration and from the agents implementing actions were classified to describe the roles and dynamics involved in the participatory process. Twitter and newspapers are also used to complete the data triangulation.

Findings
The results show that Climate Emergency has been enriched by a bottom-up approach, generating challenges and opportunities to take into account when considering community participation. A university that aspires to be a role model for a low-carbon future needs to address how to construct efficient participatory mechanisms. In that matter, the authors propose their experience that might be useful for other institutions.

Originality/value
The CED is a common practice in universities but it is not always associated with specific actions and policies. In this case, the main feature is the students participation, in particular the social movement Fridays For Future.
Risk assessment supporting the establishment of a maximum residue limit for ractopamine in beef liver, applicable in the Arab Republic of Egypt
Authors: Godefroy Samuel Benrejeb , Dominguez Silvia , Feeley Mark , Théolier Jérémie , Alla Sohair A. Gad , Samel Alex , Shedeed Khaled , Helmy Eman , Mansour Hussein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 2012, the Codex Alimentarius Commission adopted maximum residue limits (MRLs) for ractopamine in pig and cattle tissues. Egypt, a country that records a high consumption of beef liver, conducted a health risk assessment to estimate the risks associated with the adoption of Codex MRLs and the possible adoption of alternative values that may offer higher protection. Ractopamine was characterized based on previous assessments performed by international regulatory agencies, and an acceptable daily intake was set at 1 µg/kg bw for both chronic and acute ractopamine exposure. Beef liver consumption data for the Egyptian population were collected through a field survey (529 households, 1929 individuals). The standard body weight of 60 kg was used, as well as 70 kg, as a potentially more representative weight for the Egyptian population. Simulations showed that when the MRL for ractopamine in beef liver is set to 40 µg/kg (Codex MRL) or 20 µg/kg, the health‐based guidance value of 1 µg/kg bw was not exceeded, as a result of chronic or acute exposure. An MRL of 20 µg/kg of ractopamine in beef liver was shown to provide optimum protection of Egyptian consumers, considering other potential sources of ractopamine intake and abnormally high consumption patterns, and was therefore recommended for adoption in Egypt. This study presents the inputs, model, and results of the probabilistic risk assessment that supported such recommendation.Practical ApplicationResidues of veterinary drugs, such as ractopamine, accumulate in animal tissues and may pose a risk to consumers. Establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) will help importers by giving them the necessary visibility for commercial trade. It will also benefit Egyptian consumers, large consumers of beef liver, who will be better protected with a lower MRL than the internationally recommended one.
Healing process of myocardial edema in acute perimyocarditis: Observation by speckle‐tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance parametric mapping
Authors: Adachi Hidenori , Ihara Madoka , Nojima Yuhei , Nanto Shinsuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis report describes the case of a 42‐year‐old male patient with acute viral perimyocarditis. The case study serves as a demonstration of the use of speckle‐tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in monitoring myocardial changes associated with perimyocarditis. It explores the possibility that regional longitudinal strain (LS) may predict prognosis in the affected areas of the myocardium, and could reflect more advanced areas of myocyte damage within myocardial edema.
Long‐term low‐dose cabergoline usage: Another association with cardiac valvulopathy
Authors: Tessier Steven , Lipton Brooke A. , Arastu Mohammad I. , Curiale Andrew M. , Longo Santo , Nanda Sudip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 60‐year‐old patient, professor of physics, presented in 1999 with sudden‐onset vitiligo associated with hyperprolactinemia and a prolactinoma. Fearful of potential surgical complications at the peak of his career, the patient declined surgery and opted for medical management with bromocriptine. The decreasing effectiveness of bromocriptine after 5 years required a switch to cabergoline. After a 15‐year‐course of cabergoline therapy with a cumulative dose of 572 mg, echocardiographic monitoring demonstrated aortic and mitral valve thickening and regurgitation. An additional 3 years of cabergoline treatment (cumulative dose: 649 mg) resulted in worsening valve thickening and regurgitation. It is well‐recognized that such valvular changes may occur with high‐dose cabergoline treatment. We report a case of mitral and aortic vavulopathy in a patient who was treated with long‐term (18 years) low‐dosage (.5–1 mg weekly) cabergoline.cabergoline, echocardiography, valvulopathy
Cor triatriatum sinister diagnosed in a patient with postoperative cerebral infarction after beach chair position: A case report
Authors: Cho Sung‐Ae , Huh Inho , Hwang Wan Jin , Cho Choon‐Kyu , Sung Tae‐Yun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCor triatriatum sinister is a rare congenital heart disease in which the left atrium is divided into two compartments by a fibromuscular membrane. In most cases, its symptoms appear in childhood, and it is rarely diagnosed in adulthood. Patients with cor triatriatum sinister are more prone to neurological diseases, such as cerebral infarction. Herein, we report the case of a patient whose cor triatriatum sinister went undiagnosed in the preoperative evaluation, but was diagnosed whilst investigating a cerebral infarction that occurred following a surgery in the beach chair position. It highlights the potential complications in otherwise healthy asymptomatic patients undergoing surgery in the beach chair position. Additionally, in high‐risk patients, the provision of clear communication, in advance, regarding potential complications and their management, may reduce the patient's morbidity.
‘I don't know what to do or where to go’. Experiences of accessing healthcare support from the perspectives of people living with Long Covid and healthcare professionals: A qualitative study in Bradford, UK
Authors: Baz Sarah A. , Fang Chao , Carpentieri J. D. , Sheard Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn October 2022, it was estimated 2.3 million people in the United Kingdom have self‐reported Long Covid (LC). Many people have reported not receiving adequate healthcare support. There is a lack of research which provides an in‐depth exploration of the barriers faced by people with LC in accessing healthcare support. It is important to understand these barriers to provide better support, care and advice for those experiencing LC.ObjectiveTo understand the barriers faced in accessing primary, secondary and specialist healthcare support for people with LC.Design and Participation40 interviews were conducted with people living with LC in Bradford alongside 12 interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs) providing LC support in Bradford healthcare settings. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsPeople living with LC had a large degree of difficulty in accessing healthcare services for LC support. We categorized the healthcare access experiences of participants into five main types: (1) being unable to access primary care, (2) accessing primary care but receiving (perceived) inadequate support, (3) extreme persistence, (4) alternatives to mainstream health care and (5) positive experiences. There was a severe lack of access to specialist LC services. Ethnic minority participants faced a further barrier of mistrust and fear of services deterring them from accessing support. HCPs discussed systemic barriers to delivering services. Experiences were embedded in macrostructural issues further exacerbated by the pandemic.ConclusionTo better support people with LC, the barriers faced in accessing healthcare support must be addressed. Of significance, improvements to general practitioner access are required; especially as GPs are the first line of support for people living with LC.Patient and Public InvolvementA patient and public involvement group is engaged at regular intervals in the project.
APPROXIMATING ALGORITHMS: FROM DISCRIMINATING DATA TO TALKING WITH AN AI
Authors: Hayles N. Katherine 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWendy Hui Kyong Chun's Discriminating Data: Correlation, Neighborhoods, and the New Politics of Recognition offers important tools to understand and, more importantly, transform the algorithms perpetuating and intensifying discrimination in North American societies. Unpacking her work's implications, this essay offers seven approximations—ranging from eliminating bias to rethinking the symbiotic relations between humans and computational media—as solutions to the problems she identifies. While some approximations reveal limitations in others, the clashes between them are due to the scope of the frameworks they employ. All are useful in the struggle to comprehend, in both small and large terms, the nature of the profound changes in the contemporary condition as computational media penetrate ever more deeply into the fabrics of our lives.