bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENGGUGAT SIFAT FINAL DAN MENGIKAT PUTUSAN BADAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN (BPSK)
Authors: Kristiyanto Daniel 
Published: May 2022

UUPK memberikan dua pilihan penyelesaian sengketa kepada konsumen dan pelaku usaha yaitu penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan melalui BPSK atau melalui Pengadilan. BPSK memiliki kewenangan mengeluarkan suatu putusan yang sifat putusannya adalah final dan mengikat. Dari hal ini kemudian muncul suatu isu hukum apakah putusan BPSK yang final dan mengikat sama artinya dengan final dan mengikat pada putusan pengadilan atau memiliki makna yang berbeda. Penulis beragumen bahwa kedua putusan tersebut di atas bukan merupakan hal yang sama. Hal ini karena atas putusan BPSK masih dapat dilakukan upaya hukum lebih lanjut ke Pengadilan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan komparatif.
Consumer Protection Law provides two alternatives for dispute resolution to consumers and businessmen. The alternatives are outside the court through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) and the Court. BPSK has the authority to make a decision that is final and binding. This feature raises a legal question on whether the final and binding decision issued by BPSK has the same meaning as the Court’s decision. The author argues that those decisions are typically different because, on BPSK’s decision, an appeal could be made to the Court. This article is legal research that uses a statute approach and comparative approach.
THE 1951 REFUGEE CONVENTION – STUDI TENTANG KETERIKATAN NEGARA PADA PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL YANG MEMILIKI KARAKTERISTIK LAW MAKING TREATY
Authors: Kristiyanti Kristiyanti 
Published: May 2022

Perjanjian internasional merupakan instrumen hukum yang memberikan kepastian hukum bagi setiap negara yang menjadi peserta perjanjian. Pada dasarnya, perjanjian internasional memiliki kategori law-making treaty dan treaty contract. Pada perjanjian internasional yang bersifat law-making treaty, perjanjian ini bersifat terbuka dan memiliki karakteristik general principles of law atau prinsip-prinsip umum internasional. Namun permasalahannya, setiap negara memiliki perikatan bebas dalam mengatur negaranya sendiri sehingga setiap negara memiliki kebijakan masing-masing untuk dapat menganut sistem monisme atau dualisme ketika meletakkan hukum internasional di sistem hukum nasional. Di sisi lain, kebiasaan internasional memuat prinsip jus cogens dimana semua negara tanpa terkecuali harus menghormati hukum kebiasaan internasional. Penelitian ini hendak mencermati konvensi status pengungsi internasional yang merupakan lex specialist dari Declaration of Human Rights karena Konvensi tersebut mengatur mengenai hak pengungsi lebih spesifik. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan untuk menemukan jawaban terhadap rumusan permasalahan yang ditulis dalam penelitian ini.
A treaty is a legal instrument that gives the State Parties legal certainty. Basically, there are two categories of treaties, namely law-making treaties and treaty contracts. Law-making treaties are open treaties and they represent general principles of law. However, each State has free consent to determine its behavior including the determination of whether it follows monism or dualism system when it applies international law in municipal law. On another side, customary international law represents principles of jus cogens where each State is obliged to respect it unexceptionally. This research is aimed to observe the Convention of Refugee Status which regulates the refugees’ rights specifically. The Author used conceptual and statutes approaches to discover an answer to the legal question of this research.
KONSTITUSIONALITAS SYARAT CALON KEPALA DAERAH DAN WAKIL KEPALA DAERAH MANTAN TERPIDANA DALAM PERATURAN KPU NOMOR 15 TAHUN 2017
Authors: Ambuliling Rifky Dwi Putra 
Published: May 2022

Hak politik merupakan hak konstitusional yang statusnya fundamental sesuai dengan peryataan tersebut maka peraturan tidak boleh mereduksi hak tersebut. Hak tersebut menghendaki bahwa setiap warga negara berhak memperoleh kesempatan yang sama dalam pemerintahan dan juga bahwa setiap orang berhak untuk memajukan dirinya dalam memperjuangkan hak-nya secara kolektif untuk membangun masyarakat, bangsa dan negaranya. Pasal 4 ayat (1) huruf h, Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 15 Tahun 2017, memuat kaidah syarat calon kepala daerah, warga negara yang bukan mantan terpidana bandar narkoba atau mantan terpidana kejahatan seksual terhadap anak. Dengan demikian kaidah tersebut harus patuh dan pada prinsip hak politik yang dijamin oleh konstitusi.
Political rights are fundamental constitutional rights. As a consequence of its feature, the prevailing regulations must not limit these rights. The political rights stresses that each citizen has the right to equal opportunity in government and also that each person has the right to self-improvement by way of a collective struggle for his rights with a view to developing society, the nation, and the country. Article 4 paragraph (1) letter h of the Election Commission Regulation Number 15 of 2017 regulates the precondition of the regional head candidacy, which bans a former convicted drug trafficking or sexual crimes against children to participate as a candidate. This article concludes that the provision should comply with the principle of political rights as being stated in the constitution.
DILEMA PASAL 121 AYAT (3) KONVENSI HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL 1982 TENTANG BEBATUAN KARANG (STUDI KAJIAN PUTUSAN SOUTH CHINA SEA ARBITRATION)
Authors: Susatyo C. Bonya A. 
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini akan membahas secara spesifik problematika dilematis yang terjadi ketika Pasal 121 ayat (3) Konvensi Hukum Laut Internasional 1982 (1982 United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea) dihadapkan pada praktik-praktik internasional yang dilakukan oleh negara pantai atas eksistensi bebatuan karang yang terdapat di dalam zona maritim negara pantai. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis berpendapat bahwa Pasal 121 ayat (3) Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982 ternyata sangat sulit untuk dipahami dan hal tersebut mengakibatkan klaim negara pantai atas perlakuannya terhadap bebatuan karang menjadi variatif dan menimbulkan kebebasan bagi negara pantai untuk menginterpretasikan Pasal 121 ayat (3) KHL 1982 seturut dengan kepentingan geopolitik dan kebijakan strategisnya.
This paper will specifically discuss the dilemma that occurs when Article 121 paragraph (3) of the 1982 International Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 UNCLOS) is confronted with international practice of the coastal state over the existence of rocks in their maritime zones. In this paper, the author argues that Article 121 paragraph (3) UNCLOS is quite arduous to be understood, causing a varied interpretation from the coastal state regarding a claim of rocks in their respective maritime zone according to their geopolitical interest and
policies strategy.
INDONESIA TURKI COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (CEPA)
Authors: Anugrah Dityo Laksana Wirajati 
Published: May 2022

Bentuk kebijaksanaan ekonomi internasional oleh pemerintah memiliki dampak langsung maupun tidak langsung dan sangat mempengaruhi komposisi, arah serta bentuk-bentuk perdagangan dan pembiayaan internasional. Kebijaksanaan tersebut bukan hanya meliputi kuota, tarif dan sebagainya tetapi termasuk juga kebijaksanaan pemerintah di dalam negeri yang secara tidak langsung mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perdagangan internasional serta pembayaran internasional seperti kebijakan moneter dan fiskal. Partnership Agreement sendiri memiliki makna yaitu perjanjian kerja sama yang menetapkan beberapa peraturan tertentu yang harus dibuat secara tertulis. Fokus pada artikel ini adalah perjanjian perdagangan antara Indonesia dan Turki. Isu hukum yang akan diangkat dalam artikel ini adalah kedudukan Partnership Agreement bagi para pihak, kemanfaatan, kepastian hukum. Perjanjian perdagangan bebas Indonesia dengan Negara Turki ini lebih mengarah ke perdagangan dan investasi. Indonesia sendiri juga harus memfokuskan perubahan dalam pembangunan nasional, strategi perdagangan dan investasi yang disertai pembangunan infrastruktur yang sekiranya bisa mendukung dan memperlancar kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan investasi.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK MEMBENTUK IKATAN PERKAWINAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN
Authors: Saya Hendrik Nathanael 
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini adalah miniatur dari skripsi penulis yang berisi tentang perlindungan terhadap hak membentuk ikatan perkawinan pekerja, dimana hak membentuk ikatan perkawinan bisa dibatasi oleh perjanjian kerja, peraturan perusahaan, dan perjanjian kerja bersama hal tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 153 ayat (1) huruf f Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Perlindungan terhadap hak membentuk ikatan perkawinan pekerja dimaksud dengan pertimbangan, hak asasi manusia dimana ikatan perkawinan adalah hak yang melekat pada setiap manusia sehingga tidak dapat dibatasi oleh undang-undang. Pasal 153 ayat (1) huruf f sangat jelas bertentangan dengan HAM, dalam Pasal 153 huruf f memberi ruang kepada pengusaha untuk dapat membatasi ikatan perkawinan pekerja.
Analysis of Factors Influence on the Efficiency of the Burnishing Rolling Process
Authors: Popa Mădălina-Cristina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Burnishing is a cold processing process that produces a good quality of the surface by the planetary motion of rolls hardened on turned or perforated surfaces. The result is a mirror surface with high wear and corrosion resistance, the surface of the part depends on several factors such as: ductility of the material, tensile strength, roughness of the workpiece surface before rolling, diameter and shape of the rollers (https://sinotech.com/resources/). Burnishing is the most suitable process to improve the fatigue resistance of dynamically requested parts. Because cold rolling does not remove material, then only the surface roughness rolls, influences the obtained roughness. That is why the roughness of the rolls will be equal to the roughness of the part. The cold rolling finishing method does not require the use of special machines, they can be used existing machines in the production sections such as: milling machines, lathes, drilling machines, lathes with numerical control (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/).
Weigh-in-Motion Sensors and Traffic Monitoring Systems. State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Mihaila Marius , Barsanescu Paul , Moraras Ciprian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors allow the control of vehicle weights without disruption of traffic. By monitoring traffic and by reducing the number of overweight vehicles, the WIM sensors bring very important savings. This paper discusses the present status and developmental trends of weigh-in-motion (WIM) technologies. Both commercial and new types of WIM sensors are presented. Strengths and weaknesses of different type of WIM sensors are discussed. It is also presented the tendency to equip the WIM systems with different types of sensors, in order to evaluate other effects: reducing the fuel consumption, emission of pollutants, noise and vibrations, etc. Possible trends for the further development of WIM sensors are anticipated.
Modulation of the endosomal pathway for optimized response to drought stress: from model to crop plants
Authors: Schwihla Maximilian , Luschnig Christian , Korbei Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current climate situation potentiates the need for distinctive crops which have to be high yielding and resilient to abiotic and biotic stresses, particularly to drought stress. Responses to stresses are regulated and coordinated by phytohormones, whose transport and perception are commonly centered around plasma membrane (PM)-localized proteins. Localization and abundance of these are organized by endosomal trafficking, whereby the post-translational modification of PM proteins with the small protein ubiquitin is key in signaling their endocytosis and degradation. This review focuses on the endosomal degradation pathway in plants with a special focus on a protein family termed TARGET OF MYB1 (TOM1)-LIKE (TOLs), responsible for initiating sorting of ubiquitinated proteins destined for degradation. TOLs, albeit having apparent redundancies, play a role in very specific pathways where they may be relevant for fine-tuning of plant hormone signaling by means of tightly controlled protein turnover. Understanding the function of TOLs could give key insights into the mechanisms by which plants define the trade-off between stress tolerance and plant development when faced with challenging environments. Findings obtained in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana provide a solid foundation for translational research aimed at breeding more tolerant crops.
Einsatz von Proteasen zur Verbesserung der Filtration und Stabilität des österreichischen Weines
Authors: Mandl Karin , Suljic Jasmina , Scheiblhofer Harald , Winkler Michael , Schneider Michael 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Weintrübung tritt häufig nach der Abfüllung aufgrund unzureichender Eiweißstabilisierung auf und wird oft als Qualitätsfehler von Kunden bezeichnet. Zur Vermeidung einer Weintrübung wird üblicherweise Bentonit verwendet, um bestimmte Proteinfraktionen zu entfernen. Proteasen stellen möglicherweise eine Alternative zu Bentonit dar, vor allem Aspergillopepsin. Ziel dieser Arbeit war heraus zu finden, ob es Vorteile für den Winzer durch den Einsatz einer sauren Protease, im Bereich Filtrationsleistung und Prophylaxe für Eiweißtrübungen gibt. Dafür wurden die Produkte Lallzyme P1 und Lallzyme P2 von der Firma Lallemand GmbH an der Sorte „Grüner Veltliner“ getestet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass es große Unterschiede in der Filtrationsleistung gab. Die Enzymzugabe erhöht die Filtrierbarkeit der Weine wohingegen die Erhitzung der Probe diese wiederum senkte. Die beste Filtrierbarkeit zeigte die Probe, die sowohl mit dem Enzym Lallzyme P1 und P2 sowie mit Pectinasen versetzt und erhitzt wurde. Der Verblockungswert war am höchsten, wo keine Enzympräparate zugesetzt wurden. In der Darstellung der Proteine mittels SDS-PAGE konnten Unterschiede der Bandenintensitäten vor und nach der Enzymbehandlung festgestellt werden. Sensorisch konnten die erhitzten Weine eindeutig von den nicht erhitzten Proben differenziert werden.
Witnessing in Participatory Journalism: Siege of Aleppo and Narratives of Authenticity
Authors: Davidjants Jaana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article explores witnessing within and as participatory journalism (participatory witnessing) based on a case study of narratives of the Aleppo siege created by amateur content producers, professional journalists and commenting audiences. To analyse the nuances and challenges of participatory witnessing as a practice and a field, I examine the narratives of all parties (tweeters in Aleppo, news outlets and people commenting below the news articles) as well as their visual and textual strategies for gaining “trust” by claiming authenticity. While news outlets were largely sympathetic to tweeters and amplified their messages, the commenting audience distanced themselves from the suffering and refused to bear witness by responding with four narratives: “tweeters are fake,” “tweeters are terrorists,” “the media is lying” and “collateral damage.” Many elements from the “post-truth” narrative repertoire were utilised to create distance from the scene of suffering. Therefore, empowering vulnerable parties to participate “in journalism” (inviting the audiences to “bear witness”) does not necessarily lead to participation “through journalism” (audiences “bearing witness” in response to these calls).
Imparting Knowledge via Entertaining YouTube Formats. An Explorative Study of Young Media Users in Germany
Authors: Rihl Alexander , Wegener Claudia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The participatory use of moving images on the Internet, e.g. on YouTube (Fuchs 2014; McMullan 2020), is one of the major trends in recent media history. YouTube is the undisputed leader of the distribution channels and in the top range of social media, although TikTok is becoming increasingly popular (MPFS 2020a, 2020b). In addition to explicitly entertainment-oriented music, comedy and how-to videos, young people use videos that impart knowledge or deal with political topics. It has already been proven that knowledge can be conveyed via YouTube and users are motivated by interest-based learning. There are also numerous offerings that are primarily geared towards entertainment, but nonetheless motivate users in a casual, rather emotional and sometimes unintentional manner to further explore certain topics. This article offers a specific example of the effects this process can have on young people watching YouTube Videos that seem primarily focused on entertainment. The presented study is based on data collected in 2019 and explains which participatory strategies for imparting knowledge via entertaining YouTube formats can be effective. The findings of this study are of fundamental importance, especially considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote interaction, communication, and learning have resulted in a more solitary media usage that raised new questions regarding participatory culture and learning. Can entertainment formats be part of blended learning and thus contribute to imparting knowledge despite school closures, a lack of social exchange opportunities and increased media use (in the sense of media as a window to the world for locked-down people)?
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Business of Insurers and Reinsurers
Authors: Njegomir Vladimir , Demko-Rihter Jelena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
According to the impact, infectious diseases are a critical risk for 2020 and the following years in the Global Risk Report. The realization of the Covid-19 virus set the pandemic as a crucial global risk for humans, the economy, and society. The main idea of this paper is to give insight into the global socio-economic consequences of the actual Covid-19 pandemic, with a specific view of the business of insurance and reinsurance companies, who are responding to the widening of the COVID-19 pandemic on multiple fronts—as claims payers, employers, and investment managers. Considering that both individuals and businesses face high costs and losses regarding disruption of travel, business interruption, and supply chains, many expect insurers to reimburse some of these costs and losses. Insurance companies are also significant investors in financial markets and will face losses due to equity and fixed income market losses regarding decreasing interest rates as an attempt of central banks worldwide to support their economies. The current crisis can also be considered the possibility of improving the insurance coverage related to pandemics by establishing (re)insurance schemes and pooling arrangements for other catastrophic risks and developing public-private partnerships to support the insurability of pandemic risk.
Comparative RNA-Seq analysis to understand anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulations in Curcuma alismatifolia
Authors: Li Yuan-Yuan , Chen Xiao-Huang , Yu Hui-Wen , Tian Qi-Lin , Lu Luan-Mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anthocyanins play a critical role in flower colour pattern formation, and their biosynthesis is typically regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Curcuma alismatifolia is a well-known ornamental plant with colourful flowers. However, little is known about the genes that regulate anthocyanin accumulation in C. alismatifolia. In the present study, high-quality RNA was extracted from three flowering stages of ‘Dutch Red’ and the blossoming stage of ‘Chocolate’. In all, 576.45 Mb clean data and 159,687 de-redundant sequences were captured. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were the most enriched. Thirty unique isoforms were annotated as encoding enzymes or TFs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further analysis showed that the up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was associated with the red colour formation of ‘Dutch Red’, and their expression was induced at the initial flowering stage. The gene flavonoid 3′, 5′-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the formation of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, reduced expression in ‘Chocolate’. In addition, we identified totally 14 TFs including 11 MYB proteins and 3 WD proteins, which might play important roles in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) results were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. Together, the results of our study provide a valuable resource for the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. alismatifolia and for the breeding of Curcuma cultivars with novel and charming flower colours.
Woodland planting on UK pasture land is not economically feasible, yet is more profitable than some traditional farming practices
Authors: Flack Jessica , Lukac Martin , Todman Lindsay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Increasing ecosystem service provision is a key strategy of the UK’s ongoing agricultural and environmental policy reforms. Enhancing forest cover by 4%, particularly on the least productive agricultural land, aims to maximise carbon sequestration and achieve net zero by 2050. Multiple factors affect the sequestration potential of afforestation schemes and landowner participation in them, highlighting the need for spatially explicit research. We used the InVEST Carbon Model to investigate the Loddon Catchment, southeast England as a study area. We assessed the carbon sequestration potential and economic feasibility of three broadleaved woodland planting scenarios; arable, pasture, and stakeholder-approved (SA) scenario. We found that over a 50-year time horizon, woodland planting on arable land has the greatest sequestration potential (4.02 tC ha−1 yr−1), compared to planting on pasture land (3.75 tC ha−1 yr−1). When monetising carbon sequestration at current market rates, woodland planting on agricultural land incurs a loss across all farm types. However, when including the value of unpaid labour, lowland pasture farms presently incur a greater loss (−€285.14 ha−1 yr−1) than forestry (−€273.16 ha−1 yr−1), making forestry a more economical land use. Subsidising up to the social value of carbon (€342.23 tC−1) significantly reduces this loss and may make afforestation of pasture land more appealing to farmers. Woodland planting on lowland pasture land would increase forest cover by up to 3.62%. However, due to the influence of farmer attitudes on participation, it is more realistic for afforestation to occur on lowland pasture land in the SA scenario, equating to a 0.74% increase.