bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rates of adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are linked to cell cycle regulation through p27-dependent gene repression of SOX2
Authors: Domingo-Muelas Ana , Morante-Redolat Jose Manuel , Moncho-Amor Verónica , Jordán-Pla Antonio , Pérez-Villalba Ana , Carrillo-Barberà Pau , Belenguer Germán , Porlan Eva , Kirstein Martina , Bachs Oriol , Ferrón Sacri R. , Lovell-Badge Robin , Fariñas Isabel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCell differentiation involves profound changes in global gene expression that often have to occur in coordination with cell cycle exit. Because cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 reportedly regulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain, but can also have effects on gene expression, we decided to molecularly analyze its role in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. At the cell level, we show that p27 restricts residual cyclin-dependent kinase activity after mitogen withdrawal to antagonize cycling, but it is not essential for cell cycle exit. Contrasting gene expression with chromatin accessibility, we find that p27 is coincidentally necessary to globally repress many genes involved in the transit from multipotentiality to differentiation, including those coding for neural progenitor transcription factors SOX2, OLIG2, and ASCL1. Our data reveal both direct association of p27 with regulatory sequences in the three genes and an additional hierarchical relationship where p27 repression of the Sox2 gene leads to reduced levels of SOX2-downstream targets Olig2 and Ascl1. In vivo, p27 is also required for the regulation of the proper level of SOX2 necessary for neuroblasts and oligodendroglial progenitor cells to timely exit cell cycle in a lineage-dependent manner.
SNTA1 Gene Rescues Ion Channel Function in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Muscular Dystrophy Patients with Arrhythmias
Authors: Jimenez-Vazquez Eric N , Arad Michael , Macías Álvaro , Vera-Pedrosa Maria Linarejos , Cruz-Uréndez Francisco M. , Cuttitta Ashley J , Da Rocha André Monteiro , Herron Todd J , Ponce-Balbuena Daniela , Guerrero-Serna Guadalupe , Binah Ofer , Michele Daniel E , Jalife José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with cardiomyopathy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are at risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias, but the mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the role of cardiac ion channels controlling cardiac excitability in the mechanisms of arrhythmias in DMD patients. To test whether cardiac dystrophin mutations lead to defective NaV1.5–Kir2.1 channelosomes and arrhythmias, we generated iPSC-CMs from two hemizygous DMD males, a heterozygous female, and two unrelated controls. Two Patients had abnormal ECGs with frequent runs of ventricular tachycardia. iPSC-CMs from all DMD patients showed abnormal action potential profiles, slowed conduction velocities, and reduced sodium (INa) and inward rectifier potassium (IK1) currents. Membrane NaV1.5 and Kir2.1 protein levels were reduced in hemizygous DMD iPSC-CMs but not in heterozygous iPSC-CMs. Remarkably, transfecting just one component of the dystrophin protein complex (α1-syntrophin) in hemizygous iPSC-CMs restored channelosome function, INa and IK1 densities and action potential profile. We provide the first demonstration that iPSC-CMs reprogrammed from skin fibroblasts of DMD patients with cardiomyopathy have a dysfunction of the NaV1.5-Kir2.1 channelosome, with consequent reduction of cardiac excitability and conduction. Altogether, iPSC-CMs from patients with DMD cardiomyopathy have a NaV1.5-Kir2.1 channelosome dysfunction, which can be rescued by the scaffolding protein α1-syntrophin to restore excitability.
Functional and structural deficiencies of Gemin5 variants associated with neurological disease
Authors: Francisco-Velilla Rosario , Embarc-Buh Azman , Caño-Ochoa Francisco del , Abellan Salvador , Vilar Marçal , Alvarez Sara , Fernandez-Jaen Alberto , Kour Sukhleen , Rajan Deepa , Pandey Udai Bhan , Ramón-Maiques Santiago , Martinez-Salas Encarnacion 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTDysfunction of RNA-binding proteins are often linked to a wide range of human disease in general, and particularly with neurological conditions. Gemin5 is a member of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex, a ribosome-binding protein and a translation reprogramming factor. Recently, pathogenic mutations in Gemin5 protein have been reported but the functional consequences of these variants remain elusive. Here we report functional and structural deficiencies associated with compound heterozygosity variants within theGemin5gene found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. These clinical variants are located in key domains of Gemin5, the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like dimerization module and the non-canonical RNA-binding site 1 (RBS1). We show that the TPR-like variants disrupt protein dimerization while the RBS1 variant confers protein instability. All mutants are defective in the interaction with protein networks involved in translation and RNA-driven pathways. Importantly, the TPR-like variants fail to associate with native ribosomes, abolishing the cap-dependent and selective translation control of Gemin5, and establishing a functional difference with the wild type protein. Our study provides a molecular basis of disease associated with malfunction of Gemin5 protein.
The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in creating cognitive maps
Authors: Costa Kauê Machado , Scholz Robert , Lloyd Kevin , Moreno-Castilla Perla , Gardner Matthew P. H. , Dayan Peter , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe use internal models of the external world to guide behavior, but little is known about how these cognitive maps are created. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is typically thought to access these maps to support model-based decision-making, but it has recently been proposed that its critical contribution may be instead to integrate information into existing and new models. We tested between these alternatives using an outcome-specific devaluation task and a high-potency chemogenetic approach. We found that selectively inactivating OFC principal neurons when rats learned distinct cue-outcome associations, but prior to outcome devaluation, disrupted subsequent model-based inference, confirming that the OFC is critical for creating new cognitive maps. However, OFC inactivation surprisingly led to generalized devaluation. Using a novel reinforcement learning framework, we demonstrate that this effect is best explained not by a switch to a model-free system, as would be traditionally assumed, but rather by a circumscribed deficit in defining credit assignment precision during model construction. We conclude that the critical contribution of the OFC to learning is regulating the specificity of associations that comprise cognitive maps.One Sentence SummaryOFC inactivation impairs learning of new specific cue-outcome associations without disrupting model-based learning in general.
Two AGO proteins with transposon-derived sRNA cargo mark the germline in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bradamante Gabriele , Nguyen Vu Hoang , Incarbone Marco , Meir Zohar , Bente Heinrich , Donà Mattia , Lettner Nicole , Scheid Ortrun Mittelsten , Gutzat Ruben 
Published: January 2022

Summary paragraphIn sexually propagating organisms, genetic and epigenetic mutations are evolutionarily relevant only if they occur in the germline and provide inherited information to the next generation. In contrast to most animals, plants are thought to lack an early segregating germline, implying that somatic cells can contribute genetic information to the progeny. Here we demonstrate that two ARGONAUTE proteins, AGO5 and AGO9, mark an early-segregating germline. Both AGOs are loaded with dynamically changing populations of small RNAs derived from highly methylated, pericentromeric, long transposons. Sequencing single nuclei revealed that many of these transposons are co-expressed within an AGO5/9 expression domain of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). This indicates a host-parasite tug of war and specific silencing pathways along the plant germline throughout development. Our results open the path to investigate transposon biology and epigenome dynamics at cellular resolution in the SAM stem cell niche.
Board composition and firm performance: empirical evidence from Indian companies
Authors: Goel Archana , Dhiman Rahul , Rana Sudhir , Srivastava Vimal 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study aims to know whether board composition is effective in improving firm performance and particularly to determine whether this relationship varies across different levels of performance, that is, companies with very low performance, low performance, moderate performance, high performance and very high performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a data set covering 213 Indian companies registered on S&P Bombay Stock Exchange 500 Index over the period 2001 to 2019 by using Tobin'sQas a performance parameter. The study applies the quantile regression technique and compares the results with fixed effect generalized least squares (GLS) regression.FindingsThe findings reveal that board size positively affects the company's performance across all quantiles. Independent directors negatively impact the performance of companies across all quantiles. However, the strength of these relationships increases with increase in performance, thereby supporting agency theory and stewardship theory, respectively. The effect of executive directors on the performance of the companies varies across quantiles. The effect is adverse at moderate and high quantiles only.Practical implicationsThe findings provide some grounds for regulators to exercise caution while designing board composition guidelines, keeping in mind the unique internal environment of each company which ultimately affects their performance levels. Similarly, Indian companies are also suggested to compose their boards keeping in mind their performance levels.Originality/valueThe study contributes towards the debate on the board composition and firm performance relationship by adding to the agency theory and stewardship theory that all the companies cannot have the similar board composition. Rather its composition depends upon the performance levels of the companies.
How CSR and well-being affect work-related outcomes: a hospitality industry perspective
Authors: Guzzo Renata F. , Abbott JéAnna , Lee Minwoo 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze how hospitality industry employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and participation in CSR activities influence their well-being and loyalty boosterism.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the positive psychology approach of well-being (hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions) and the affect theory of social exchange, a survey of hospitality employees was conducted to test the theoretical model.

Findings
Employees’ perceptions of CSR significantly influenced their participation in CSR activities. CSR participation positively influenced employees’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, which in turn influenced their loyalty boosterism. The mediation effects of well-being and the sequential mediation effects of CSR activity participation and well-being were also significant in the relationships mentioned above.

Research limitations/implications
While panel data offer many advantages, they also have limitations. The authors, therefore, suggest future studies replicate their conceptual model and empirically test it through firms well known for their CSR. In addition, future studies may cover the whole hospitality industry to enhance generalizability.

Practical implications
By exploring the connection between employees’ CSR perceptions and participation, this research can help hospitality practitioners develop more engaging CSR strategies and activities, which in turn can foster employees’ well-being and enhance their loyalty boosterism.

Originality/value
This study is among the first to empirically demonstrate the effect of CSR in both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and to explore the connection between employee perceptions of CSR and participation in CSR activities.
Youth labor market vulnerabilities: evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia
Authors: Alazzawi Shireen , Hlasny Vladimir 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and drivers of employment vulnerability among youth in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia, and their propensity to transition to better jobs over time.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on longitudinal data from Labor Market Panel Surveys spanning 6–20 years. The authors use transition matrices to examine the prevalence of transitions between labor market statuses for the same individuals over time, distinguishing between youth and non-youth, and men and women, as well as multinomial logistic regressions that control for individual and family background, including previous labor market status, family wealth and parental education.FindingsThe paper finds that youth in all three countries were disadvantaged in terms of labor market outcomes with most young men in particular ending up in vulnerable jobs while women of all ages were most likely to exit the labor market all together, unless they had formal jobs. Moreover, youth who started out in the labor market in a vulnerable job were unlikely to move to a better-quality job over time. Family wealth, parental education and father's occupation were found to be important determinants of labor market outcomes and vulnerability, even after a long period of work experience.Social implicationsThe paper finds that wealth effects, parental education and occupation effects follow workers throughout their careers, implying low equality of opportunity and inter-generational and lifetime mobility.Originality/valueThe findings indicate worsening labor market outcomes over time, heavily influenced by family background. High levels of vulnerable employment persistence, regardless of skill and experience, reinforce the importance of initial labor market outcome on the quality of lifetime employment prospects.
Tradition-driven business models at luxury companies: revealing value-creation and value-capture activities
Authors: Franco Stefano , Presenza Angelo , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Peruffo Enzo 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how luxury companies can use knowledge embedded in tradition to set up effective business models.

Design/methodology/approach
Given the limited coverage in previous literature regarding the manner in which tradition can be leveraged by companies to create and capture value, this paper adopts a qualitative approach, i.e. the exploratory analysis of a single case study, namely, that of the high-end Italian hotel Borgo Egnazia.

Findings
Within a focus on luxury firms, this paper conceptualizes the tradition-driven business model highlighting activities aimed at creating and capturing value by using knowledge embedded in tradition. Combining value creation and value capture with tacit and codified knowledge, the authors are able to highlight the components of a business model that uses tradition as its main distinctive resource.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore how companies use tradition to create and capture value.
Dominant marine heterotrophic flagellates are adapted to natural planktonic bacterial abundances
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Raquel , Vaqué Dolors , Forn Irene , Massana Ramon 
Published: January 2022

SummaryGrazing controls bacterial abundances and composition in many ecosystems. In marine systems, heterotrophic flagellates (HFs) are important predators. Assemblages of HFs are primarily formed by species still uncultured; therefore, many aspects of their trophic behaviour are poorly known. Here, we assessed the functional response of the whole assemblage and of four taxa grown in an unamended seawater incubation. We used fluorescently labelled bacteria to create a prey gradient of two orders of magnitude in abundance and estimated ingestion rates. Natural HFs had a half‐saturation constant of 6.7 × 105 prey ml−1, a value lower than that of cultured flagellates and within the range of marine planktonic bacterial abundances. Minorisa minuta was well adapted to low prey abundances and very efficient in ingesting bacteria. MAST‐4 and MAST‐7 were also well adapted to the typical marine abundances but less voracious. In contrast, Paraphysomonas imperforata, a typical cultured species, did not achieve ingestion rate saturation even at the highest prey concentration assayed. Our study, beside to set the basis for the fundamental differences between cultured and uncultured bacterial grazers, indicate that the examined predator taxa have different functional responses, suggesting that they occupy distinct ecological niches according to their grazing strategies and prey preferences.
‘I'll put up with things for a long time before I need to call anybody’: Face work, the Total Institution and the perpetuation of care inequalities
Authors: Hope Jo , Schoonhoven Lisette , Griffiths Peter , Gould Lisa , Bridges Jackie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFailures in fundamental care (e.g. nutrition or pain‐relief) for hospitalised patients can have serious consequences, including avoidable deaths. Policy rhetoric of ‘shared decision‐making’ fails to consider how structural constraints and power dynamics limit patient agency in nursing staff‐patient interactions. Goffman's concepts of face work, the presentation of self and the Total Institution shaped our analysis of interview and focus group data from hospital patients. Patients avoided threatening ‘good’ patient and staff face by only requesting missed care when staff face was convincing as ‘caring’ and ‘available’ (‘engaged’). Patients did not request care from ‘distracted’ staff (‘caring’ but not ‘available’), whilst patient requests were ignored in Total Institution‐like ‘dismissive’ interactions. This meant patients experienced missed care with both ‘distracted’ and ‘dismissive’ staff. Patients with higher support needs were less able to carry out their own missed care to protect staff face, so experienced more serious care omissions. These findings show that many elements of the Total Institution survive in modern healthcare settings despite attempts to support individualised care. Unless nursing staff can maintain face as ‘engaged’ (despite organisational constraints that can reduce their capacity to do so) patient participation in care decisions will remain at the level of rhetoric.
Lipid oxidation and antioxidant delivery systems in muscle food
Authors: Wu Haizhou , Richards Mark P. , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLipid oxidation accelerates quality deterioration in muscle‐based foods (fish, red meat, and poultry), resulting in off‐odors/flavors, color problems, texture defects, and safety concerns. Adding antioxidants is one approach to control lipid oxidation, and several delivery strategies have been applied, such as supplementing antioxidants to the feed, direct mixing into minces, or, for whole muscle pieces; spraying, glazing, and injection. However, some issues linked to these technologies hinder their wide utilization, such as low effectiveness, noncompatibility with clean label, and off‐flavor. These shortcomings have promoted the development of new antioxidant delivery technologies. In this review, the main focus is on the principles, characteristics, and implementation of five novel antioxidant delivery methods in different types of muscle food products. Their advantages and drawbacks are also summarized, plus comments about future trends in this area. Among novel routes to deliver antioxidants to muscle foods are, for whole tissues, recyclable dipping solutions; for minces, encapsulation; and, for both minces and whole tissues, cross‐processing with nonmuscle antioxidant‐containing raw materials as well as applications of edible films/coatings and active packaging. Advantages of these technologies comprise, for example, low price, the possibility to control the antioxidant release rate, overcoming strong aromas from natural antioxidants, and allowing antioxidant‐containing raw materials from the food industry to be valorized, providing an opportunity for more circular food production.
COVID‐19 and the animals
Authors: Gibbs Leah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has brought the human world to crisis. This work examines how nonhuman animals are also connected to the pandemic in three ways that emerged early in the crisis. First, COVID‐19 is a zoonotic disease that reached humans via nonhuman animal hosts. Animal geographers and others cast light on the spread and control of animal diseases and on the “almost animal,” including the microorganism. Second, the outbreak is understood to have transferred to humans in a market selling live animals in Wuhan, China. Disputes over the source of the outbreak signal the complexity that characterises the commodification of animals. Third, social restrictions have seen city streets empty of people. In the ensuing quiet, unexpected animals have entered cities or begun to behave differently. The arrivals, and the wonder they have sparked among people, raise questions about who and what is deemed to belong in the city. This commentary aims to unpack how geographers and those in related fields might turn to the animals to analyse and respond to the pandemic and other disasters. Through these three case studies, I find that the lives of human and nonhuman animals are deeply connected, and yet relations are characterised by separation and objectification. I argue for further relational and political work to more deeply understand connections and their implications.
The value of SPARCC sacroiliac MRI scoring in axial psoriatic arthritis and its association with other disease parameters
Authors: Gezer Halise Hande , Duruöz Mehmet Tuncay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess patients with axial psoriatic arthritis (AxPsA) using the Canadian Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium (SPARCC) sacroiliac joint (SIJ) scores and to seek correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores and disease characteristics.MethodsForty PsA patients (32 females, mean age 46.4 years) who had been documented to have active or structural lesions on SIJ MRI were retrospectively evaluated. Disease duration, medications, and disease activity, including Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), minimal disease activity (MDA), and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) were recorded. On sacroiliac MRI scans, the SPARCC scores of sacroiliac joint inflammation (SIS) and sacroiliac joint structural damage (SSS) were evaluated.ResultsThe mean disease duration was 51.4 ± 70.4 months. MRI showed active inflammation in 30 patients (75%) and at least 1 structural lesion in 32 patients (92.5%). The most prevalent structural lesion was erosion (82.5%), followed by fat metaplasia (65%), backfill (12.5%), and ankylosis (2.5%). Only fat metaplasia scores were significantly higher in men than in women (P = .007). Of clinical and laboratory parameters, only C‐reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in the presence of active inflammation (P = .01). The SIS score was significantly correlated with disease duration (r = −.35) and CRP levels (r = .42,). The SSS score was inversely correlated with BASDAI (r = −.37), ASDAS‐CRP (r = −.39), and ASDAS – erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = −.32). The overall SPARCC scores did not differ between patients in DAPSA remission and non‐remission and between those in MDA and non‐MDA.ConclusionAlthough radiologic involvement is generally not severe in AxPsA, MRI still provides additional information about inflammatory activity and structural lesions. CRP may be helpful in monitoring the radiologic disease activity in AxPsA.