bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ginger extract and its major component 6‐gingerol on anti‐tumor property through mitochondrial biogenesis in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Deng Xiaohong , Chen Dandan , Sun Xianjun , Dong Jingcheng , Huang Jianhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGinger extract (GE) and its major component 6‐gingerol (6G) have been reported to exert anti‐tumor effects in various cancers. The underlying mechanism, however, has not been well demonstrated. Here, we have focused on the relationship between promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis in tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells induced by GE and 6G and their cytotoxic effect. The results showed that GE induced 56% inhibition of tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft mouse model and 6G induced 33% (25 mg/kg) and 37% (50 mg/kg) inhibition. GE increased mitochondrial mass of CD8+ T cells in tumor and draining lymph nodes (DLNs) significantly, while 6G had no significant effect. GE and 6G both had no significant influence on histopathological changes of liver and kidney in mice. In the co‐culture system of CTLL‐2 cells and LLC cells, GE enhanced the cytotoxicity of CTLL‐2 cells against LLC cells by 14% and 19% at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, respectively. 6G did not promote cytotoxicity of CTLL‐2 cells. GE increased mitochondrial mass at 5 and 10 mg/ml and mtDNA copy number and ATP production at 2.5, 5, 10 mg/ml in CTLL‐2 cells. 6G promoted mtDNA copy number at 50, 100, 150 µM and mitochondrial mass and ATP production at 25, 50, 100, 150 µM in CTLL‐2 cells. These results suggest that promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells may play an essential role in GE‐induced inhibition of tumor growth. The current results perfect the mechanism of anti‐tumor effect of ginger, which is beneficial for further application in cancer management.Practical ApplicationGinger, as a worldwide food seasoning and herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to possess anti‐tumor efficacy. To our knowledge, it is the first time to focus on ginger's ability of promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells to explore the mechanism of its anti‐tumor effect. Our observations demonstrate that ginger inhibits tumor growth via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function of T cells. The present study links food to anti‐tumor immunity and provides impetus to investigate and design dietary supplements for cancer management.
Effect of type 2 diabetes on A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10
Authors: Lam Sum , Shiu Sammy Wing‐Ming , Wong Ying , Tan Kathryn Choon‐Beng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs a type 1 transmembrane protein, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is responsible for the cleavage of a variety of cell surface molecules and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. It has been suggested that systemic ADAM10 concentration may potentially be used as a prognostic biomarker. Since high glucose can upregulate ADAM10 expression in vitro, we investigated whether serum levels of ADAM10 and its substrate, the lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX‐1), can be influenced by type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 1091 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 358 age‐matched healthy control subjects were recruited. Serum concentrations of ADAM10 and the soluble form of LOX‐1 (sLOX‐1) released by cleavage of LOX‐1 by ADAM were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA).ResultsSerum ADAM10 was increased in subjects with diabetes compared with control (40.5 ng/mL [22.3‐65.7] vs 10.3 ng/mL [7.0‐17.9], respectively; P < .01); the highest levels were seen in insulin‐treated subjects. On multiple linear regression analysis, glycosylated hemoglobin, age, body mass index, and insulin use were independent determinants of ADAM10 level. The increase in serum ADAM10 levels in diabetes was accompanied by changes in serum sLOX‐1. Subjects with diabetes had higher serum sLOX‐1 than the control (110 pg/mL [89‐153] vs 104 pg/mL [85‐138], respectively; P < .01), and there was a significant correlation between serum ADAM10 and sLOX‐1 (r = 0.26, P < .01).ConclusionsSerum concentration of ADAM10 is increased in type 2 diabetes and is associated with glycemia and insulin therapy, which may potentially affect the specificity of systemic ADAM10 level as a biomarker.
Is it more convenient to waste? Trade‐offs between grocery shopping and waste behaviors
Authors: Ellison Brenna , Fan Linlin , Wilson Norbert L.W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEfforts to reduce food loss and waste are being made across the supply chain, with households targeted as one of the most wasteful nodes in the chain. In this article, we consider the impact of changing one household food management behavior: grocery shopping. Households that shop more frequently typically incur less food waste. This has resulted in a call for households to adopt a just‐in‐time (JIT) grocery shopping approach, taking smaller trips to the store more frequently. While households may be able to reduce food waste by adopting a JIT shopping approach, their willingness to shop more frequently is less clear. The purpose of this research is to examine the trade‐offs between grocery shopping frequency and food waste behaviors among U.S. households. We employ a choice experiment to determine whether consumers are willing to reduce waste by adopting a JIT shopping approach. We explore heterogeneity across households and consider the potential welfare impacts associated with moving to a JIT model of shopping. Our results indicate that, on average, consumers were averse to adding extra shopping trips to their weekly grocery shopping routines and would need to be compensated to do so (mean: $24/week for one extra trip). Consumers would need to see approximately a 12 percentage point reduction in waste to be indifferent to adding one shopping trip to their weekly routine. Spending more to waste less resulted in more welfare gains, on average, yet there is significant heterogeneity in grocery shopping preferences.
COVID‐19 restrictions and psychological well‐being of fathers with infants admitted to NICU—An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Adama Esther Abena , Koliouli Flora , Provenzi Livio , Feeley Nancy , van Teijlingen Edwin , Ireland Jillian , Thomson‐Salo Frances , Khashu Minesh ,   FINESSE Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the impact of the COVID‐19 restrictions on the caregiving activities and psychological well‐being of fathers with infants admitted to neonatal units.MethodsCross‐sectional study using adapted COPE‐IS and COPE‐IU tools. Participants' recruitment occurred online via social media and parents' associations. Online survey in English, French and Italian were distributed and promoted via websites and social media platforms of parent's associations. The study was undertaken across 12 countries in Asia, Australia, Africa and Europe.ResultsA total of 108 fathers of NICU infants completed the survey. COVID‐19 related restrictions were categorised into 3 types: no restrictions, partial and severe restrictions. Fathers who experienced partial restrictions reported more involvement in caregiving activities but high levels of emotional difficulties and sleeping problems compared to those who experienced full or no restrictions.ConclusionGiven the impact on the psychological well‐being of fathers, restrictions should be avoided as much as possible in the neonatal unit and fathers given free access to their infants if they follow appropriate infection control precautions.
Predicting COVID‐19 and seasonal influenza vaccine uptake: The impact of fear and vasovagal symptoms
Authors: Kowalsky Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVaccines are vital to protecting health. However, fear and experiencing vasovagal symptoms (e.g., dizziness) are deterrents to medical procedures. Thus, study aims were to test (1) if vaccine relevant fears predict vasovagal symptoms during or following seasonal influenza vaccination and (2) if vaccine relevant fears and vasovagal symptoms predict seasonal influenza and COVID‐19 vaccine uptake. Using a prospective design, 1077 participants recruited online completed surveys during Oct 2019 assessing vaccine relevant fears, and May–June 2020 assessing 2019–2020 seasonal influenza vaccine uptake, ratings of vasovagal symptoms, and seasonal influenza and COVID‐19 vaccination intention. A behavioral follow up assessing 2020–2021 seasonal influenza and COVID‐19 vaccine uptake took place June–July 2021. Heightened vaccine relevant fears predicted reduced 2019–2020 seasonal influenza vaccine uptake and greater vasovagal symptoms among those who did receive a seasonal influenza vaccine. Serial mediation analyses identified significant indirect effects with greater vaccine relevant fears reducing 2020–2021 seasonal influenza vaccine uptake through intention and reducing COVID‐19 vaccine uptake through vasovagal symptoms and intention. Intervention research to reduce fear and prevent vasovagal symptoms to support vaccine uptake is warranted.
The dynamic relationship between subjective social status and health: Evidence from a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Wang Yanshang , Hu Mingzheng , Ding Ruoxi , He Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeUsing nationally representative longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018 in China, this study systematically investigates the relationship between Subjective Social Status (SSS) and health (physical health and mental health) in the Chinese adult population.MethodsBy applying between–within model, we disentangle the relationship between health outcomes and: (1) between‐individual differences in SSS and (2) within‐individual variations of SSS across time. In addition, to explore SSS mobility and trajectory, we further decomposed SSS into lagged SSS and the change between the current and lagged SSS (mobility).ResultsWe find that there is significantly positive and unique relationship (independent of Objective Social Status (OSS)) between SSS and physical and mental health. However, for physical health, we observed an Inverse‐U effect of average SSS, after some point (SSS = 3.93), higher average SSS is associated with a score decrease. Through heterogeneity analysis, we find that for physical health, within‐ and between‐effects decreases with age and for mental health, the within effect is only significant among the urban population. Individuals with high expected mobility are also found to have significantly better health.ConclusionsThese findings show that the personal relative deprivation has negative, particularly salient and unique effects on the health of the Chinese population, and it is important to consider the dynamic nature of SSS.
Urolithin B suppressed osteoclast activation and reduced bone loss of osteoporosis via inhibiting ERK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Yajun , Zhuang Qi , Tao Lihong , Zheng Kai , Chen Shuangshuang , Yang Yunshang , Feng Chengcheng , Wang Zhifang , Shi Haiwei , Shi Jiandong , Fang Yiling , Xiao Long , Geng Dechun , Wang Zhirong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe main target of current drugs for alleviating bone loss is osteoclasts. However, the long‐term application of such drugs will also cause side effects. Therefore, it is of great need to develop new and safer therapeutics for osteoporosis. In recent years, drug development based on gut microbiota has gradually attracted attention. This manuscript investigates the inhibitory effect of urolithin B (UB) on osteoclastogenesis and differentiation in vitro and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice.Materials and MethodsCCK‐8 was used to analyse the cytotoxicity of UB; BMMs cells were differentiated into osteoclasts by RANKL, and respectively treated with 1, 5, and 25 μmol/L UB during this process. After one week of intervention, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to analyse the number and average area of osteoclasts. F‐actin staining and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to evaluate the morphology and function of osteoclasts. Bone resorption function of osteoclasts was detected by Pit Formation Assay. The expression of osteoclast‐related protein genes in RAW264.7 cells were investigated via western blot and RT‐PCR assays. Western blot analysis of RANKL‐mediated activation of MAPK/NF‐κB pathway after 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 min of intervention. For in vivo experiments, OVX mice received intraperitoneal injection of 10, 50 mg/kg every two days, 8 weeks later, the femurs of mice were taken for morphological analysis, and the serum content of CTX‐1, a bone metabolism index, was analysed.ResultsUB could inhibit the osteoclast differentiation of rankl‐induced bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells in vitro, suppress the uptake activity of hydroxyapatite and expression of osteoclast‐related gene MMP9, CTSK, NFATc1 and c‐fos. Furthermore, UB repressed the rankl‐induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκB and the phosphorylation of P65 in the NF‐κB pathway of RAW264.7 cells, and also down‐regulated the phosphorylation level of ERK in the MAPK pathway. For in vivo studies, UB‐treated OVX mice showed more significant improved various parameters of distal femur compared with the control group, with fewer NFATc1, MMP9 and TRAP‐positive osteoclasts in bone tissues, and less serum content of CTX‐1.ConclusionUrolithin B attenuated bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting the formation and activation of osteoclasts via down‐regulation of the ERK/NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Utilization of skin biopsy for diagnosis in a case of Lafora disease
Authors: Rozenova Krasimira A. , Lehman Julia S. , Grande Joseph P. , Fine Anthony L. , Wieland Carilyn N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLafora disease is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disease with onset in adolescence. Patients present with progressive myoclonic seizures and cognitive decline. The disease is linked to mutations in either of the two genes encoding malin and laforin, and it is associated with the accumulation of polyglucosan inclusions (Lafora bodies [LBs]) in various tissues, such as brain, liver, muscle, and skin, with the skin being particularly accessible for biopsy. Histopathologic examination of affected tissue with demonstration of LBs, together with the presence of pathologic mutation in EPM2A or NHLRC1 genes, is sufficient for diagnosis of this neurologic disorder when clinically suspected. Here, we report the case of a 16‐year‐old female with progressive neurologic symptoms and homozygous mutation in the NHLRC1 gene encoding malin. The skin biopsy was instrumental in reaching the final diagnosis by showing LBs in sweat glands by histopathologic and electron microscopic examination.
“By only considering the end product it means that our participation has always been in vain”: Defining benefits in HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania
Authors: Pancras Godwin , Ezekiel Mangi , Nderitu David , Dauda Bege , Mbugi Erasto Vitus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDebates about what constitutes benefits in human research continue to be less informed due to a lack of empirical evidence from the developing world. This study aimed to explore what constitutes benefits in HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania and examine inherent ethical implications. A qualitative case study design was deployed and a total of 29 purposively selected study participants comprising of experienced researchers, institutional review board members and community advisory board members were included. Collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis aided by computer software: MAXQDA version 20.4.0. The study findings indicate that there is a growing appreciation of benefits beyond actual vaccines to include 1) capacity building at individual, community, institutional and regulatory levels; and 2) non‐capacity building related benefits such as strengthened collaborations, ancillary care and employment opportunities. So, as the struggle for viable HIV vaccines continues, other benefits that have accrued from such trials are not to be blindsided especially for developing countries like Tanzania.
The role of heterotopy and heterochrony during morphological diversification of otocephalan epibranchial organs
Authors: Cohen Karly E. , Ackles Acacia L. , Hernandez L. Patricia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEpibranchial organs (EBOs), found in at least five of the eight otomorphan families, are used to aggregate small prey inside the buccopharyngeal cavity and range in morphological complexity from a singular, small slit on the pharyngeal roof to several, elongated soft tissue tubes. Despite broad phylogenetic representation, little is known about the origin, development, or evolution of EBOs. We hypothesize that both heterochronic and heterotopic changes throughout the evolution of EBOs are at the root of their morphological diversity. Heterochrony is a foundational explanation in developmental studies, however, heterotopy, a developmental change in spatial or topographical relationships, can have even more profound effects on a given structure but has received relatively little attention. Here, we investigate how developmental mechanisms may drive morphological diversity of EBOs within otomorphan fishes. We compare early pharyngeal development in three species, Anchoa mitchilli (Engraulidae) which has the most basic EBO, B. tyrannus (Clupeidae) which has a more complex EBO, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cyprinidae) which has the most complex EBO yet described. Using branchial arch growth rates and morphological analyses, we illustrate how both heterochronic and heterotopic mechanisms are responsible for some of the phenotypic diversity seen in otomorphan EBOs. Importantly, we also identify conserved developmental patterns that further our understanding of how EBOs may have first originated and evolved across actinopterygian fishes.
Institutional embeddedness and the language of accountability: Evidence from 20 years of Canadian public audit reports
Authors: Liston‐Heyes Catherine , Juillet Luc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the expansion of the mandate assigned to public auditors in the past decades, audit reports have become more prominent indicators of the quality of government. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the factors that shape the communication of audit findings. We suggest that while internal and legislative auditors belong to the same community of practice, they are also embedded in distinct institutional environments that incentivize them to report their findings in different ways. In particular, we hypothesize that to draw attention and mobilize support for their work, legislative auditors are encouraged to use a language that is more negative and emotive than internal auditors. Applying methods of computational text analysis to a corpus of 3245 audit reports produced in the Government of Canada between 2000 and 2019, we present empirical evidence in favor of these hypotheses. Among other things, our findings provide large‐sample evidence that despite comparable professional norms and guidance, public auditors are sensitive to their institutional context and, in response to their environment, resort to rhetorical strategies to either amplify or mitigate the reputational risks associated with their reports.
Detection of small internal fatigue cracks in Ti‐6Al‐4V via synchrotron radiation nanocomputed tomography
Authors: Xue Gaoge , Tomoda Yuta , Nakamura Takashi , Fujimura Nao , Takahashi Kosuke , Yoshinaka Fumiyoshi , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Uesugi Kentaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo types of synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SR‐CT)—projection CT (micro‐CT) and phase‐contrast imaging CT (nano‐CT)—were used to observe internal fatigue cracks in (α + β) Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. Micro‐CT detected cracks in the specimen at ~1 μm spatial resolution, and the nano‐CT provided magnified images at ~200 nm spatial resolution. The crack initiation sites were clarified as the α‐phase for both the surface and internal cracks; however, their opening behaviors differed. A sharp crack tip was observed in the surface crack, and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) increased with an increase in the applied load. By contrast, a blunted crack tip, similar to that of a crack in a vacuum, was observed for the internal crack, and its CTOD remained almost constant regardless of the applied load. These phenomena are likely to explain the different behaviors of surface and internal cracks, particularly the slower growth rate of internal cracks, which leads to a longer fatigue life in the very high cycle fatigue regime.
Geopolitics as an ethnographic object and agenda
Authors: Firat Bilge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the last 3 decades, while ethnography has arguably become a popular and legitimate method to study geopolitics among geographers, anthropologists have increasingly turned towards geopolitics as a popular subject to investigate former and emergent empires as everyday phenomena. Yet, their efforts remain rather disjointed. Written by an anthropologist, this review essay aims to put these rather disjointed efforts into a programmatic conversation and think about how one might (re)calibrate geopolitics as an ethnographic object and agenda. To that end, the essay first takes stock of the existing ethnographic knowledge of geopolitics through a review of selected works by geographers and anthropologists. Then, to help students and scholars of geopolitics from within these cognate disciplines move this engagement forward, the essay concludes by proposing the ‘cultures of geopolitical expertise’ as a productive avenue to recalibrate geopolitics as an ethnographic object and agenda.
Urban gardens on the edge of city‐making in Metro Manila
Authors: Saguin Kristian Karlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrban gardens have emerged at the cracks and edges of the densely built environment of Metro Manila, taking on a variety of forms that cultivate a sense of habitability amid harsh urban conditions. The empirical diversity in the spaces, practices and trajectories of urban gardens in the city, however, often exceeds their usual framings either as state‐sponsored projects from above that seek to transform individual dispositions, or as grassroots initiatives from below that result from conscious collective resistance or encroachment. Framing gardens as a locus to understand city‐making amid massive urbanisation, this paper aims to provide a different account of urban gardens by focusing on how they emerge from a certain edginess, characterised by a coming together of various actions, aspirations and relations, and by a mode of practice marked by a distinctive temporality and peripheral logic. Using particular accounts of gardening from across Metro Manila, the paper demonstrates the edginess of urban gardens in terms of four articulations: as interstitial, provisional, transversal and experimental. Making a garden work and maintaining its place in the city entail consolidating relationships between various urban elements that carve spaces of manoeuvre, produce diverse eventualities, and map onto the indeterminate politics of the maybe.