bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federated learning for multi-center imaging diagnostics: a simulation study in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Linardos Akis , Kushibar Kaisar , Walsh Sean , Gkontra Polyxeni , Lekadir Karim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep learning models can enable accurate and efficient disease diagnosis, but have thus far been hampered by the data scarcity present in the medical world. Automated diagnosis studies have been constrained by underpowered single-center datasets, and although some results have shown promise, their generalizability to other institutions remains questionable as the data heterogeneity between institutions is not taken into account. By allowing models to be trained in a distributed manner that preserves patients’ privacy, federated learning promises to alleviate these issues, by enabling diligent multi-center studies. We present the first simulated federated learning study on the modality of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and use four centers derived from subsets of the M&M and ACDC datasets, focusing on the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We adapt a 3D-CNN network pretrained on action recognition and explore two different ways of incorporating shape prior information to the model, and four different data augmentation set-ups, systematically analyzing their impact on the different collaborative learning choices. We show that despite the small size of data (180 subjects derived from four centers), the privacy preserving federated learning achieves promising results that are competitive with traditional centralized learning. We further find that federatively trained models exhibit increased robustness and are more sensitive to domain shift effects.
High-speed imaging of light-induced photoreceptor microsaccades in compound eyes
Authors: Kemppainen Joni , Mansour Neveen , Takalo Jouni , Juusola Mikko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInside compound eyes, photoreceptors contract to light changes, sharpening retinal images of the moving world in time. Current methods to measure these so-called photoreceptor microsaccades in living insects are spatially limited and technically challenging. Here, we present goniometric high-speed deep pseudopupil (GHS-DPP) microscopy to assess how the rhabdomeric insect photoreceptors and their microsaccades are organised across the compound eyes. This method enables non-invasive rhabdomere orientation mapping, whilst their microsaccades can be locally light-activated, revealing the eyes’ underlying active sampling motifs. By comparing the microsaccades in wild-type Drosophila’s open rhabdom eyes to spam-mutant eyes, reverted to an ancestral fused rhabdom state, and honeybee’s fused rhabdom eyes, we show how different eye types sample light information. These results show different ways compound eyes initiate the conversion of spatial light patterns in the environment into temporal neural signals and highlight how this active sampling can evolve with insects’ visual needs.
Mixed AgBiS2 nanocrystals for photovoltaics and photodetectors
Authors: Burgués-Ceballos Ignasi , Wang Yongjie , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: March 2022

We mix small-size and large-size AgBiS2 nanocrystals in a gradient fashion to judiciously favour the band alignment and maximise charge transport. Thin film solar cells show 7.3% efficiency and visible-near infrared photodetectors yield EQE >40%.
Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Pan Haihua , Ren Feihua , Chen Hongxia , Ren Ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Some tumor cells have a high rate of glutamine uptake and exhibit glutamine addiction. Alanine-serine cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2) is a major mediator of glutamine supply in many tumor cells, but the underlying effects and mechanisms of ASCT2 in pancreatic cancer (PC) are largely unknown. Our results show that ASCT2 expression is significantly higher in PC than in normal pancreatic duct cells and pancreas. Utilizing the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database, a high expression of SLC1A5 mRNA was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with PC. shRNA-mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro can significantly decrease glutamine consumption, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production and ATP generation and increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially attenuated the increase in the ROS levels and reduced ATP generation. These data suggest that ASCT2 mediates glutamine metabolism and maintains redox homeostasis in PC. To further investigate whether ASCT2 is involved in PC cell growth, we blocked ASCT2 activity with the ASCT2 inhibitor l-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) and silenced the expression of ASCT2 with specific shRNAs. We found that the growth of PC cells was significantly inhibited. Additionally, knockdown of ASCT2 induced apoptosis through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, the loss of ASCT2 in BxPC-3 cell xenografts significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and this effect was associated with an increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression and a decrease in Ki67 staining. Taken together, our results show that ASCT2 may be utilized as a putative therapeutic target for PC.
The histological type of endometrial cancer is not associated with menopause status at diagnosis
Authors: Sun Xinyi , Zhang Yi , Shen Fang , Liu Yang , Chen George Qiaoqi , Zhao Min , Chen Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The latest evidence suggests that type 2 endometrial cancer may not be completely oestrogen-independent, indicating that the status of hormonal change may not be associated with the traditional classification of endometrial cancer, including the histological subtypes. However, this has not been investigated. Menopause is commonly considered a state of hormonal change in women. In the present study, we investigated the association of menopause with the histological types of endometrial cancer. Data on the histological type, menopause status at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, parity, body mass index (BMI), and overall survival rate from 2122 cases were collected. The difference in risk in developing type 1 or type 2 endometrial cancer between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients was 5.457%. A statistical difference in the association of menopause with the histological types between the two groups was seen in endometrioid and serous carcinoma, with a risk difference of 5.6 or 3.8%. A statistical difference in the association of menopause with parity between the groups was only seen in endometrioid and adenosquamous carcinoma, with a risk difference of 7.1 or 3.7%. However, BMI was not associated with histological type and the overall survival rate was not associated with menopause (P=0.764). We reported a relatively small difference in the association of menopause with type 1 or type 2, or the histological types of endometrial cancer. The survival rate was not associated with menopause. Our study suggests that menopause status at diagnosis was not strongly associated with the histological subtypes of endometrial cancer.
Interpolated reference model based fault tolerant sliding mode control for an octorotor
Authors: Vile Liam , Alwi Halim , Edwards Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a quasi‐linear parameter varying sliding mode control allocation law is proposed for the fault tolerant control of an octorotor. In the event of rotor faults/failures, an allocation law redistributes the control effort among the remaining healthy rotors. The sliding mode control law is designed to guarantee asymptotic tracking of a reference model which is tuned on‐line, through an interpolated feedback gain, to ensure that the control signals remain within their saturation limits. A method for designing the parameterised feedback gain is proposed which is shown to maximise a defined stability criteria whilst preventing undesirable performance characteristics in the reference model. The proposed scheme is tested on a non‐linear octorotor model in the presence of severe rotor failures and uncertainty/disturbances.
Finite‐time attitude stabilization of rigid spacecrafts based on control Lyapunov functions
Authors: Wu Yu‐Yao , Zhang Ying , Wu Ai‐Guo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the control Lyapunov function (CLF) approach is adopted to investigate the finite‐time attitude control of rigid spacecraft subject to parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. By using an extended state observer to estimate the parameter uncertainty and external disturbance, a finite‐time CLF controller is proposed for attitude stabilization of the spacecraft system. The designed finite‐time CLF controller includes two parts. The first part is a classical CLF based attitude controller, which is proposed to ensure the globally asymptotical stability of the nominal spacecraft system. The second one is a sliding mode controller, which is used to ensure the finite‐time convergence performance of the spacecraft control system. The advantage of the designed controller is that the states of the system can converge into a small neighourhood of zero in finite time, and simultaneously the given performance index can be minimized. The practical finite‐time stability of the resulted closed‐loop system is proven via Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the developed finite‐time controller.
Improved cross entropy loss for noisy labels in vision leaf disease classification
Authors: Chen Yipeng , Xu Ke , Zhou Peng , Ban Xiaojuan , He Di 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe predictive performance of supervised learning algorithms depends on the quality of labels. In a typical label collection process, multiple annotators provide subjective noisy estimates of the “truth” under the influence of their varying skill‐levels and biases. Blindly treating these noisy labels as the ground truth limits the accuracy of learning algorithms in the presence of strong disagreement. This problem is critical for applications in domains where the annotation cost is high. Such problems are extremely serious in the domain of agricultural imaging in leaf disease classification. Due to the limitation of acquisition methods, noisy examples are often not only the normal mislabelled ones, but also the samples which contain more than one instance. To cope with the combination of the two noises, label smoothing is blended in the point of increasing entropy for uncertain labels, with Taylor cross entropy loss, which is proved to be efficient to solve the problem of artificial noisy labels on public datasets. And the proposed method is called smooth‐Taylor cross entropy loss, which can deal with the real‐world noises in vision leaf disease dataset. Extensive experimental results on cassava leaf disease dataset demonstrate that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art counterparts.
The Association of Serum Electrolytes with Disease Severity and Obstetric Complications in Pregnant Women with COVID-19: a Prospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Reference
Center
Authors: Tanacan Atakan , Erol Seyit Ahmet , Anuk Ali Taner , Yetiskin Fatma Didem Yucel , Tokalioglu Eda Ozden , Sahin Selin , Unlu Serpil , Keskin Huseyin Levent , Surel Aziz Ahmet , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu , Sahin Dilek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction To evaluate the association of serum electrolytes with disease severity and obstetric complications in pregnant women with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Materials and Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19. Study population was divided into two groups: 1) Mild COVID-19 group
(n = 811) and 2) Moderate/severe COVID-19 group (n = 52). Demographic features, clinical characteristics, obstetric complications, and serum electrolytes were compared between the groups.
Afterward, a correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between serum electrolyte disturbances with COVID-19 severity and obstetric complications.
Results Highest serum sodium, hypernatremia, potassium replacement, hypopotassemia, hyperchloremia, initial serum magnesium, hypermagnesemia, and hypocalcemia were significantly
higher in the moderate/severe COVID-19 group. The lowest serum sodium, lowest serum potassium, and initial serum calcium were significantly higher in the mild COVID-19 group (p < 0.05).
Statistically significant positive weak correlations were found between hypernatremia, hypopotassemia, hyperchloremia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia and COVID-19 severity (r values were
0.27, 0.20, 0.12, 0.18 and 0.12, p values were < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, statistically significant positive weak correlations were found
between hypopotassemia, hypochloremia, hypermagnesemia, and obstetric complications (r values were 0.10, 0.10, and 0.28, p values were 0.004, 0.03, and 0.001, respectively). A statistically
significant negative weak correlation was found between hypomagnesemia and obstetric complications (r = − 0.23 and p = 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion Electrolyte disturbances in pregnant women with COVID-19 seem to be associated with disease severity and obstetric complications.
Inadequate Timing Limits the Benefit of Antenatal Corticosteroids on Neonatal Outcome: Retrospective Analysis of a High-Risk Cohort of Preterm Infants in a Tertiary Center in
Germany
Authors: Biedermann Richard , Schleussner Ekkehard , Lauten Angela , Heimann Yvonne , Lehmann Thomas , Proquitté Hans , Weschenfelder Friederike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction A common problem in the treatment of threatened preterm birth is the timing and the unrestricted use of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS). This study was performed to
evaluate the independent effects of the distinct timing of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcome parameters in a cohort of very low (VLBW; 1000 – 1500 g) and extreme low birth weight
infants (ELBW; < 1000 g). We hypothesize that a prolonged ACS-to-delivery interval leads to an increase in respiratory complications.
Materials and Methods Main data source was the prospectively collected single center data for the German nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS) between 2015 and 2018.
Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent effects of the ACS-to-delivery interval on the need for ventilation, surfactant or the occurrence of bronchopulmonary
dysplasia, neonatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis. Subgroup analysis was performed for ELBW and VLBW neonates.
Results A total of 239 neonates were included. We demonstrate a significantly increased risk of respiratory distress characterized by the need for ventilation (OR 1.045; CI
1.011 – 1.080) and surfactant administration (OR 1.050, CI 1.018 – 1.083) depending on the ACS-to-delivery interval irrespective of other confounders. Every additional day between ACS and
delivery increased the risk for ventilation by 4.5% and for surfactant administration by 5%. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences of respiratory complications in VLBW
infants.
Conclusions Our data strongly support the deliberate use and timing of antenatal corticosteroids in pregnancies with threatened preterm birth versus a liberal strategy. When given
more than 7 days before birth, each day between application and delivery increases is relevant concerning major effects on the infant. Especially VLBW preterm neonates benefit from optimal
timing.
Pr-AKI: Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnancy – Etiology, Diagnostic Workup, Management
Authors: Scurt Florian G. , Morgenroth Ronnie , Bose Katrin , Mertens Peter R. , Chatzikyrkou Christos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite significant improvements in inpatient and outpatient management, pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (Pr-AKI) remains an important risk factor for early and late maternal and
fetal morbidity and mortality. There is a discrepancy between the incidence of Pr-AKI in developing and in developed countries, with the former experiencing a decrease and the latter an
increase in Pr-AKI in recent decades. Whereas septic and hemorrhagic complications predominated in the past, nowadays hypertensive disorders and thrombotic microangiopathy are the leading
causes of Pr-AKI. Modern lifestyles and the availability and widespread use of in-vitro fertilization techniques in industrialized countries have allowed more women of advanced age to become
pregnant. This has led to a rise in the percentage of high-risk pregnancies due to the disorders and comorbidities inherent to or accompanying aging, such as diabetes, arterial hypertension
and preexisting chronic kidney disease. Last but not least, the heterogeneity of symptoms, the often overlapping clinical and laboratory characteristics and the pathophysiological changes
related to pregnancy make the diagnosis and management of Pr-AKI a difficult and challenging task for the treating physician. In addition to general supportive management strategies such as
volume substitution, blood pressure control, prevention of seizures or immediate delivery, each disease entity requires a specific therapy to reduce maternal and fetal complications. In this
review, we used the current literature to provide a summary of the physiologic and pathophysiologic changes in renal physiology which occur during pregnancy. In the second part, we present
common and rare disorders which lead to Pr-AKI and provide an overview of the available treatment options.
Hypercapnia: An Added Culprit in Gray Matter Injury in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Kasirer Yair , David Eliel Ben , Hammerman Cathy , Shchors Irina , Nun Alona Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been increased recognition of diverse forms of primary gray matter injury (GMI) in postpreterm neonates. In this study, we aimed to assess whether early neonatal hypercapnia in the preterm infant was associated with GMI on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age (TEA). All blood gases taken during the first 2 weeks of life were analyzed for hypercapnia. MRI was performed at TEA postpreterm infants using a unique neonatal MRI 1T scanner. The neonatal MRI scans were assessed using a standardized scoring system, the Kidokoro scoring system, a method used to assess abnormal brain metrics and the presence and severity of brain abnormalities. Subscores are assigned for different regions of the brain. Twenty-nine infants were studied, about half of whom had evidence of some gray matter abnormality. Fifteen of the infants were hypercapnic. The hypercapnic infants had significantly higher deep gray matter abnormality readings as compared with the nonhypercapnic infants (12 [11; 12] vs. 10 [8; 11], respectively; p = 0.0106). Correlations were observed between peak pCO2 over the first 2 weeks of life and the overall gray matter abnormality score (GMAS) at TEA, and between the percentage of hypercapnic blood gases during the first 2 weeks of life and the GMAS. All of the infants in our population who had severe GMI at TEA were hypercapnic in the first 2 weeks of life. In conclusion, our data show a correlation between early hypercapnia in preterm neonates and GMI at TEA.
Das Segelboot kreuzt weiter
Authors: Münst Richard 
Published: March 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Autor Richard Münst arbeitet als katholischer Seelsorger u. a. an der Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III bei Prof. Spitzer in Ulm. Münst reflektiert seine seelsorgerliche Arbeit mit psychisch erkrankten Menschen. Er sieht das Verhältnis von Psychotherapie und Seelsorge ähnlich der Beziehung von Motorboot und Segelboot. Münst betrachtet den historischen Wandel der institutionellen Verankerung von Seelsorge in der Psychiatrie. Er beschreibt die aktuellen Rahmenbedingungen, unter denen er arbeitet. Der Seelsorger berichtet, was Patienten bei ihm suchen: offenes Gespräch; Rituale; Klärung der Gottesbeziehung; theologischer Austausch. Münst erläutert, wie sich aus seiner Sicht Psychotherapie und Seelsorge unterscheiden bzw. was für ihn Seelsorge bedeutet. Dabei verwendet er den Begriff Lebensdeutung und die Unterscheidung heilend/heilsam. Münst zeigt biblische und theologische Hintergründe seines Handelns und erläutert, wie er von Erkenntnissen aus dem personenzentrierten Ansatz der Psychotherapie bei Carl Rogers profitiert. Die Variable „Präsenz“ bei C. Rogers bildet für ihn eine Brücke zu seinem Tun und Reflektieren als Klinikseelsorger und Meditationsbegleiter.
Einstellungen gegenüber der COVID-19-Impfung im Vergleich zur
Grippeschutzimpfung bei Krankenhauspersonal
Authors: Weigel Angelika , Brehm Thomas Theo , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Vogt Birgit , Lohse Ansgar W. , Löwe Bernd 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungKrankenhauspersonal, das eine Grippe- oder COVID-19-Schutzimpfung erhalten oder
eine COVID-19-Schutzimpfung abgelehnt hatte, wurde bezüglich
Einstellungen zur jeweiligen Schutzimpfung, Inanspruchnahme der
Grippeschutzimpfung und Ablehnungsgründen der COVID-19-Schutzimpfung
befragt. COVID-19-Schutzimpfungsablehnende schätzten verglichen mit den
anderen beiden Gruppen das Risiko einer Infektion für sich selbst und
generell sowie die Wirksamkeit der Schutzimpfung am niedrigsten und das Risiko
der Schutzimpfung am höchsten ein. Auch berichteten sie die niedrigste
frühere Inanspruchnahme der Grippeschutzimpfung. Der wahrgenommene Druck
zur Impfung erwies sich als relevante Barriere. Zukünftige Impfkampagnen
sollten eine Balance zwischen Informationen zu Impfstoffen, der Notwendigkeit
der Schutzimpfung und Freiwilligkeit der Inanspruchnahme erhalten.