bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the characteristics of high temperature alloy surface profile grinding process
Authors: Ji Tian , Huang Shengli , Ren Baoming , Hu Siping , Guan Taixin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High-temperature alloy profile grinding is mainly used in the machining of aero-engine turbine structural parts, which require high surface quality and high machining efficiency. However, the process ability of machining high-temperature alloys is poor. For this reason, this paper conducts experimental research on the surface profile grinding process of high-temperature alloys to meet the surface quality and machining efficiency requirements of high-temperature alloy structural parts. Using a precision profile grinding machine, WA and SG grinding wheels are selected for profile grinding tests on three types of workpieces with curved surfaces: flat, convex, and concave. Each shape of the workpiece was shaped-ground using WA and SG grinding wheels separately. The orthogonal experimental method was used to perform profile grinding by changing three factors: grinding wheel speed, feed, and backlash. The surface roughness after grinding was measured and compared, and the most suitable process parameters for grinding three curved workpieces with WA and SG grinding wheels were obtained by comparing the surface quality and machining efficiency. The grinding strategy is also given for surface roughness and machining efficiency. It provides a basis for the improvement of the quality and efficiency of high-temperature alloy forming and grinding.
Structural and catalytic analyses of the InsP6kinase activities of higher plant ITPKs
Authors: Zong Guangning , Shears Stephen B. , Wang Huanchen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInositol phosphate signaling in plants is of substantial agricultural interest, with a considerable focus on the inositol tris/tetrakisphosphate kinase (ITPK) family of inositol phosphate kinases. Historically, the 4–6 isoforms of ITPKs that higher plants each express have been studied for their multiplexing a metabolic pathway to synthesize inositol hexakisphosphate (ie InsP6or phytate), through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of multiple inositol phosphates, including Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5(inositol‐1,3,4,5,6‐pentakisphosphate). A more recent discovery is ITPK‐catalyzed phosphorylation of InsP6to inositol pyrophosphates, which regulate plant immunity and phosphate homeostasis. However, a molecular‐based explanation for these alternate catalytic activities has been missing, because no plant ITPK structure has previously been solved. Herein, we provide biochemical and structural analyses of ITPKs fromZea maysandGlycine max. For this work we introduce a simple, enzyme‐coupled microplate‐based assay of InsP6 kinase activity that should promote more general access to this important field. Furthermore, aZmITPK1/InsP6crystal complex is described at a resolution of 2.6 Å, which identifies a number of catalytically important residues; their functionality is confirmed by mutagenesis. We further demonstrate thatZmITPK1 adds a β‐phosphate to the 3‐position of Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5, yielding a candidate signal for regulating phosphate homeostasis. An impactful discovery is our description of a 29‐residue catalytic specificity element; by interchanging this element betweenGmITPK1 andGmITPK2, we demonstrate how its isoform‐specific sequence specifically determines whether the host protein phosphorylates InsP6, without substantially affecting Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 metabolism. Our structural rationalization of key catalytic differences between alternate ITPK isoforms will complement future research into their functional diversity.
Microbiome as a predictor of implantation
Authors: Gao Xu Shan , Laven Joop , Louwers Yvonne , Budding Andries , Schoenmakers Sam 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Review the latest research on the female urogenital microbiome as a predictor of successful implantation.

Recent findings

Lactobacillus crispatus seems to be beneficial species in a healthy female genital tract, although the presence of anaerobic bacteria and their impact has yet to be determined. The vaginal microbiome is associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome in terms of successful implantation and pregnancy. Approaches restoring a dysbiotic vaginal microbiome seem promising. It is questionable if a unique endometrial microbiome exists, given the low bacterial biomass, the invasiveness of endometrial sampling, and its associated high contamination risk. Future studies should focus on the whole microbiome using proteomics and metabolomics, as well as the virome to get a more holistic understanding of its role in reproduction.

Summary
The vaginal and endometrial compartments are being studied to determine a healthy and unhealthy microbiome composition. Defining a healthy composition could provide insight into physiological processes related to the success of embryo implantation. The vaginal microbiome is easily accessible and its composition can be reliably assessed and can be associated with ART outcome. The existence of an endometrial or uterine microbiome is still debated, due to the combination of low biomass and unavoidable high risk of contamination during sampling.
Correlation of bone marrow 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake with systemic inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer
Authors: Ishibashi Megumi , Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Imajo Masashi , Takami Yasukage , Mitamura Katsuya , Tanaka Tamaki , Tsuruta Tomohiko , Kanenishi Kenji , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To clarify the relationship between 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of bone marrow and systemic inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer.

Methods
A total of 119 patients with untreated endometrial cancer underwent FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). For bone marrow FDG uptake, the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the five vertebrae (T11-12 and L3-L5) was measured and averaged (bone marrow SUV). The bone marrow-to-liver ratio (BLR) was calculated by dividing the bone marrow SUV by the SUVmean of the normal liver. FDG PET parameters were correlated with white blood cell count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and hemoglobin levels. They were also correlated with FIGO stage.

Results
Bone marrow SUV and BLR showed significant positive correlations with white blood cell count, NLR, and CRP level and significant negative correlations with albumin level. BLR also showed a significant positive correlation with PLR. No significant differences in bone marrow SUV and BLR were apparent according to FIGO stage.

Conclusion
Pretreatment FDG PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer may provide information on host systemic inflammation as assessed by bone marrow FDG uptake.
Half-dose versus full-dose 18F-FDG total-body PET/CT in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Tan Hui , Mao Wujian , Cao Yanyan , Cai Danjie , Sui Xiuli , Qi Chi , Yu Haojun , Zhang Yiqiu , Shi Hongcheng 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate image quality and lesion detectability of half-dose (1.85 MBq/kg) 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for colorectal cancer, full-dose (3.7 MBq/kg) 18F-FDG serving as a reference.

Methods
Fifty patients confirmed to have colorectal cancer who underwent total-body PET/CT with half-dose 18F-FDG were included. Another 50 colorectal cancer patients with 3.70 MBq/kg 18F-FDG activity were selected for the full-dose group. PET images in the half-dose group were scanned for 15 min and split into 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 10-min duration groups, denoted G1, G2, G3, G4 and G10, respectively. In the full-dose group, PET scanning was performed for 5 min, reconstructed with the first 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 min intervals, defined as G0.5’, G1’, G2’ and G5’, respectively. Subjective image quality was assessed with 5-point Likert scales. Objective image quality parameters included maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean)and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver, blood pool and muscle and SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of lesions.

Results
In the two groups, the G3 and G2’ images met clinical diagnosis requirements in terms of subjective image quality, with scores ≥3. There were no differences in terms of subjective and objective image quality between the groups (G1 and G0.5’, G2 and G1’, G4 and G2’ and G10 and G5’). In the half-dose group, 56 colorectal lesions in 50 patients confirmed by surgical pathology were clearly visible in all groups. The number of FDG-avid lymph nodes was 37 in G1, 38 in G2 and 39 in the remaining half-dose groups. The number of missed metastatic liver lesions was 1 both in G1 and G2.

Conclusions
Total-body PET/CT with half-dose was feasible for diagnosing and staging colorectal cancer compared with full-dose 18F-FDG PET/CT. Moreover, for half-dose total-body PET/CT, a 3-min scan duration could maintain image quality and lesion detectability.
Artificial intelligence within the small bowel: are we lagging behind?
Authors: Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Sidhu Reena 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
The use of artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy is expanding. This review focusses on the use of artificial intelligence for small bowel pathology compared with human data and developments to date.

Recent findings
The diagnosis and management of small bowel disease has been revolutionized with the advent of capsule endoscopy. Reading of capsule endoscopy videos however is time consuming with an average reading time of 40 min. Furthermore, the fatigued human eye may miss subtle lesions including indiscreet mucosal bulges. In recent years, artificial intelligence has made significant progress in the field of medicine including gastroenterology. Machine learning has enabled feature extraction and in combination with deep neural networks, image classification has now materialized for routine endoscopy for the clinician.

Summary
Artificial intelligence is in built within the Navicam-Ankon capsule endoscopy reading system. This development will no doubt expand to other capsule endoscopy platforms and capsule endoscopies that are used to visualize other parts of the gastrointestinal tract as a standard. This wireless and patient friendly technique combined with rapid reading platforms with the help of artificial intelligence will become an attractive and viable choice to alter how patients are investigated in the future.
Review of the effect of amylase-resistant dysphagia products on swallowing safety
Authors: Burnip E. , Cichero J.A.Y. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Thickened fluids are a widely utilised compensatory management strategy for people with impaired swallowing (dysphagia). Over recent years there has been a shift in practice to offer gum-based instead of starch-based products. A key marketing message has been that gum-based thickeners with amylase-resistant properties are superior in promoting ‘safer swallowing’. This review sought evidence to evaluate the effect of amylase-resistant products on swallowing safety.

Recent findings
No studies directly compared the effect of amylase-resistant products with usual care or products without amylase resistance. Five studies cited amylase-resistant properties and compared gum-based to starch-based dysphagia products or thin fluids. Swallowing safety was frequently judged subjectively with rating scales. Swallowing biomechanics were not included and clinically meaningful outcomes, such as incidence of aspiration pneumonia, were not reported. A scoping review of the grey literature found little evidence that amylase-resistant properties of dysphagia products were of significant concern to clinicians or patients.

Summary
Despite references to the ’importance’ of amylase-resistant properties of dysphagia products there is no evidence that this property improves swallowing safety. Further research is needed using objective and clinically meaningful outcome measures to allow clinicians and patients to make informed decisions for dysphagia management.
An integrated care systems model approach for speech and language therapy head and neck cancer services in England: service development and re-design in Cheshire and Merseyside
Authors: Sheldrick Heulwen , Houghton Lisa , Fleming Catriona , Crane Julie 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing globally and changes in treatment mean that patients are living longer with the condition. It is recognised that while there have been improvements at the diagnostic phase of the pathway, follow-up and on-going care can be fragmented and inequitable. Integrated care models (ICMs) are acknowledged as beneficial. The National Health Service in England is moving to a model whereby services are being re-organised to integrated care systems. This paper reviews the literature and discusses potential models of care to enhance speech and language therapy (SLT) provision for patients with HNC in line with the emerging ICS.

Recent findings
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to review service provision and SLT teams quickly adapted to offering remote support. Discussions are currently on-going to explore the potential for patient initiated follow-up via the PETNECK 2 trial and the Buurtzorg ‘neighbourhood model’ holds promise.

Summary
ICMs put the patient at the centre of care and have reported benefits for experience of care and clinical outcomes. Navigating organisational structures is complex. The Buurtzorg model provides a practical and theoretical framework to support organisational change.
Testing for fitness epistasis in a transplant experiment identifies a candidate adaptive locus inTimemastick insects
Authors: Villoutreix Romain , de Carvalho Clarissa F. , Gompert Zachariah , Parchman Thomas L. , Feder Jeffrey L. , Nosil Patrik 
Published: May 2022

Identifying the genetic basis of adaptation is a central goal of evolutionary biology. However, identifying genes and mutations affecting fitness remains challenging because a large number of traits and variants can influence fitness. Selected phenotypes can also be difficult to knowa priori, complicating top–down genetic approaches for trait mapping that involve crosses or genome-wide association studies. In such cases, experimental genetic approaches, where one maps fitness directly and attempts to infer the traits involved afterwards, can be valuable. Here, we re-analyse data from a transplant experiment involvingTimemastick insects, where five physically clustered single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cryptic body coloration were shown to interact to affect survival. Our analysis covers a larger genomic region than past work and revealed a locus previously not identified as associated with survival. This locus resides near a gene,Punch(Pu),involved in pteridine pigments production, implying that it could be associated with an unmeasured coloration trait. However, by combining previous and newly obtained phenotypic data, we show that this trait is not eye or body coloration. We discuss the implications of our results for the discovery of traits, genes and mutations associated with fitness in other systems, as well as for supergene evolution.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Genetic basis of adaptation and speciation: from loci to causative mutations’.
Diabetic retinopathy screening using a portable retinal camera in Vanuatu
Authors: Caceres Juan , Zhang Yibing , Boe Lawrence , Zhou Yunshu , Besirli Cagri , Paulus Yannis M , Rosenthal Julie M. 
Published: May 2022

ABTRACTBackground and ObjectiveProof-of-concept study to test the feasibility of using an all-in-one portable retinal camera for the screening of diabetic retinopathy in the Pacific island of Vanuatu.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFrom February 10, 2020, through February 28, 2020, 49 patients with diabetes mellitus from three islands in Vanuatu were recruited to participate in the study. Demographics, basic health data and retinal photography were obtained. A non-mydriatic, handheld camera was used (Volk Pictor Plus).ResultsEleven participants (24%) had referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy. There was moderately high inter-rater reliability for our dependent variables: referral status (κ = 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.83), retinopathy severity (κ = 0.76, 95% CI 0.55-0.96), and clinically significant macular edema (κ = 0.50, 95% CI 0.25-0.74)ConclusionsOur study confirms that portable handheld cameras can be used to obtain retinal images of sufficient quality for diabetic retinopathy screening even in resource limited environments like Vanuatu. Among this cohort, a relatively high (24%) prevalence of referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy was found in Vanuatu.
Analyzing open-ended questions in research: A commonly used category selection methodology
Authors: Agosto Arroyo Luis D. , Fitzmaurice Angerica , Feric Zlatan , Kaeli David , Meeker John , Vega Carmen Velez , Alshawabkeh Akram , Cordero José F. , Cardona-Cordero Nancy R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA closer examination of consumer product brands and how they are associated with levels of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals should be explored. The large number of brands available and changes in consumer preferences for certain brands makes it difficult to develop questionnaires that include all brands. Open-ended brand reporting questions are an option, but they bring challenges in identifying each brand given the multiple possibilities of variations in brand name reporting. We report a method for transforming product brand data reported as text to brand codes that allows quantitative analysis of brand use and its association with endocrine disrupting chemicals. We selected 14 consumer products to be included in our analyses. To evaluate commonly used brand selection, we used Cohen’s power calculations for two-sample t-tests in R (version 1.3.0). Considering a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d) of 0.5, each test will include the most used brand and the least used brand among the commonly used brands per product and visit. We compared how the commonly used brand selection differ per product in terms of the number of brands it selected, the total sample size and the power calculated by creating a correlation matrix and analyzing the relationship between power, commonly used brands, and brand usage. The correlation coefficient between the commonly used brand frequency of each visit approximated 0.99. From all products, fabric softener, conditioner, and lotion where the products that attained the highest power. The differences in brand use distributions per product provided an optimal environment for evaluating the performance of the commonly used brand selection methodology. It provides enough flexibility when selecting exposure groups that it could be applied to any open-ended questions, and it proves significantly useful when accounting for repeated measures.
Reversible thiol oxidation increases mitochondrial electron transport complex enzyme activity but not respiration in cardiomyocytes from patients with end-stage heart failure
Authors: Kumar Ravi A. , Thome Trace , Sharaf Omar , Ryan Terence E. , Arnaoutakis George J. , Jeng Eric I. , Ferreira Leonardo F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCardiomyocyte dysfunction in patients with end-stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) stems from mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to an energetic crisis. Mitochondrial dysfunction reportedly relates to increased markers of oxidative stress, but the impact of reversible thiol oxidation on myocardial mitochondrial function in patients with HFrEF has not been investigated. In the present study, we assessed mitochondrial function in ventricular biopsies from patients with end-stage HFrEF in the presence and absence of the thiol reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Isolated mitochondria exposed to DTT had increased enzyme activity of complexes I (p = 0.009) and III (p = 0.018) of the electron transport system, while complexes II (p = 0.630) or IV (p = 0.926) showed no changes. However, increased enzyme activity did not carry over to measurements of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized bundles. Oxidative phosphorylation conductance (p = 0.439), maximal respiration (p = 0.312), and ADP sensitivity (p = 0.514) were unchanged by 5 mM DTT treatment. These results indicate that mitochondrial function can be modulated through reversible thiol oxidation, but other components of mitochondrial energy transfer are rate limiting in end-stage HFrEF. Optimal therapies to normalize cardiac mitochondrial respiration in patients with end-stage HFrEF may benefit from interventions to reverse thiol oxidation that limits complex I and III activities.
The mating system of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Authors: Angelakakis Apostolos , Turetzek Natascha , Tuni Cristina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMating systems, with varying female mating rates occurring with the same partner (monogamy) or with multiple mates (polyandry), can have far reaching consequences for population viability and the rate of gene flow. Here, we investigate the mating system of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Theridiidae), an emerging model for genetic studies, with yet undescribed reproductive behavior. It is hypothesized that spiders belonging to this family have low re-mating rates. We paired females twice with the same male (monogamy) or with different males (polyandry), scored behaviors and mating success and fitness resulting from single- and double-matings, either monogamous or polyandrous. Despite the study being explorative in nature, we predict successful matings to be more frequent during first encounters, to reduce the risk of remaining unmated. For re-mating to be adaptive, we expect higher fitness of double-mated females, and polyandrous females to experience highest mating success and fitness if reproductive gains are achieved by mating with multiple partners. We show that the majority of the females mated once, not necessarily on their first encounter, and the likelihood of re-mating did not differ between monogamous and polyandrous encounters. The number of matings did not affect fitness, indicated by similar offspring production in females. Female twanging of the web, a behavior that likely advertises female receptivity, lead successful matings, suggesting female control. We discuss how the species ecology, with high mating costs for males and potentially limited female receptivity, may shape a mating system with low mating rates.