bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Diagnostic Guide for Laurel Wilt Disease in Avocado
Authors: Navia-Urrutia Monica , Sánchez-Pinzón Laura , Parra Pedro Pablo , Gazis Romina 
Published: March 2022

Laurel wilt disease (LWD), caused by the ambrosia fungus Raffaelea lauricola, is a deadly vascular disease affecting numerous hosts in the Lauraceae family, including important forest species and avocado trees. The fungal pathogen is spread by beetle-vectors and through root grafts. Symptoms include leaf wilting, foliar desiccation, stem and limb dieback, and depending on the host, localized or systemic vascular damage. R. lauricola and its main vector, Xyleborus glabratus (Redbay Ambrosia Beetle), are invasive species that were introduced into the United States in 2002. This guide describes methods used to diagnose LWD in avocado. R. lauricola is isolated from infected sapwood or ambrosia beetles using the semi-selective medium CSMA (cycloheximide–streptomycin malt agar). Molecular identification is based on the amplification of the LSU (Large Subunit of the ribosomal cassette) or of the species-specific microsatellites IFW and CHK by conventional PCR. More current detection methods use DNA extracted directly from infected material and include the amplification of specific DNA regions through conventional PCR, qPCR, or LAMP. However, to date, there is no method that can detect the pathogen early in the infection process (<3 days) when the vascular tissue remains asymptomatic. Besides detailed protocols on how to diagnose the disease and confirm the presence of the causal agent, we include protocols on pathogen preservation and inoculation. Although this guide focuses on avocado, the techniques included here can be implemented to diagnose LWD in other susceptible species.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Lettuce Resistance to Verticillium dahliae Race 3, Plant Development, and Leaf Color Using an Ultra-High-Density Bin Map Constructed from F2 Progeny
Authors: Simko Ivan , Puri Krishna D. , Dhar Nikhilesh , Peng Hui , Subbarao Krishna V. 
Published: March 2022

Verticillium wilt is one of the most devastating soilborne diseases in lettuce, and the use of host resistance is the most optimal choice for its management. This study focused on identifying and mapping the genetic loci for resistance against Verticillium dahliae race 3 in a mapping population of 200 F2:3 families developed from a cross between moderately resistant red-leaf lettuce ‘Sentry’ and susceptible green-leaf lettuce ‘La Brillante’. The population was genotyped using the tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) approach. An ultra-high-density genetic linkage map containing 34,838 single nucleotide polymorphism markers grouped into 1,734 bins was constructed using F2 progeny and a sliding window approach. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to V. dahliae race 3 were located on linkage groups (LGs) LG 2 ( qVR3-2.1) and LG 4 ( qVR3-4.1 and qVR3-4.2). Each of these QTLs explained up to ∼10% of the total phenotypic variation for the trait. At each locus, the resistance alleles were derived from cultivar Sentry that is partially resistant to the pathogen. Additional loci resistant to the disease are expected in this population, and transgressive segregation indicates that some of those loci could originate from the susceptible cultivar La Brillante. In addition, two QTLs for plant development were identified on LG 2 ( qIPD-2.1) and LG 7 ( qIPD-7.1), although no relationship was detected between resistance in these genotypes and the rate of plant growth. A major effect of QTL for red leaf color was detected on LG 9 ( qRLC-9.1). Candidate genes linked to some of the QTLs for V. dahliae race 3 resistance, plant development, and leaf color were identified. The QTLs for resistance identified in Sentry could diversify the resistance gene pool and provide an alternative tool to manage a newly emerged V. dahliae race 3. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Two-stage Bone Lengthening With Reuse of a Single Intramedullary Telescopic Nail in Patients With Achondroplasia
Authors: Alonso-Hernández Javier , Galán-Olleros María , Miranda-Gorozarri Carlos , Egea-Gámez Rosa M. , Palazón-Quevedo Ángel 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Patients with achondroplasia may benefit from limb-lengthening surgery with telescopic intramedullary nails (TIMNs). However, the 5-cm maximum length of the nails used in these patients in their original design may be insufficient. The aim of this research is to analyze the outcomes and complications after reusing the same TIMN for a second consecutive 5-cm lengthening in patients with achondroplasia.

Methods:
Retrospective study of 26 bones (16 femurs and 10 tibias) in 9 patients with achondroplasia treated for bilateral 2-stage sequential lengthening reusing the same TIMN. On completion of a first stage of 5 cm of elongation, the nail was unlocked, retracted, and re-locked; a second stage of 5 cm of distraction followed. Radiologic and clinical parameters were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, and complications were recorded.

Results:
The median age of patients at first surgery was 13.54 (12.9 to 16.3) years; 55% were males. The median preoperative height was 121 (117.5 to 127) cm, and the median healing index was 18.12 (14.5 to 32.8) and 26.96 (23.3 to 31.6) d/cm, while time to weight bearing was 185.5 (144.8 to 308.5) and 242.5 (208.5 to 293.8) days for femurs and tibias, respectively. Major complications included 3 cases of moderate ankle equinus, 2 cases of hardware failure (failure to relengthen), 2 premature consolidations, 1 common peroneal neurapraxia, and 2 valgus deformities. Femoral procedures had significantly fewer complications than tibial interventions (7 vs. 15, P=0.03), whereas patients who underwent lengthening of both the femur and tibia did not have significantly higher complication rates (14 vs. 8, P=0.6).

Conclusions:
This study analyzes lower-limb lengthening in a series of achondroplastic patients using TIMN with the novelty of nail reuse to relengthen the bone. The complication rate found is acceptable, among which, potential damage to the internal lengthening mechanism must be considered, though this complication can usually be easily resolved. Overall, nail reuse seems advisable in cases where bone elongation is indicated, and the size and design of the nail limits the extent of lengthening.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective comparative study, before and after intervention.
Bretschneider Solution and Two Antianginal Drugs Protect Peripheral Tissue in an Animal Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Ortiz Fragola Juan P. , Cao Gabriel , Tumarkin Mariano , Moriondo Marisa , Muller Angélica , Sangiorgio Martin , Azzato Francisco , Ambrosio Giuseppe , Milei José 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Shock and subsequent resuscitation provoke ischemia-reperfusion injury. Trimetazidine (TMZ), allopurinol (ALO), and histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (HTK) solution, can protect from ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic coronary syndromes and in transplantation. The objective of the current study is to compare, in a hemorrhagic shock and standard resuscitation animal model, organ damage parameters between placebo and treatment with TMZ, ALO, or HTK. Shock was induced in Wistar rats by controlled arterial bleeding, maintaining mean arterial pressure between 38 and 42 mm Hg for 60 minutes; then, drawn blood was reinfused. Animals were divided into: Sham (n = 4), Control (n = 6), TMZ (n = 7), ALO (n = 9), and HTK (n = 7). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and tissue harvested. TMZ, ALO and HTK decreased histopathologic damage in heart [Control: 1.72 (1.7–1.77); TMZ: 1.75 (1.72–1.79); ALO: 1.75 (1.74–1.8); HTK: 1.82 (1.78–1.85); all P < 0.05], kidney [Control: 3 (2–3); TMZ: 1 (1–2); ALO: 1 (1-1); HTK: 1(1-1); all P < 0.05] and intestine [Control: 3 (2–3); TMZ: 1 (1–2); ALO: 1 (1-1); HTK: 1 (0–2); all P < 0.05]. Also, treatment with TMZ, ALO, and HTK increased immunohistochemical expression of thioredoxin-1 in heart [Control: 6.6 (5.6–7.4); TMZ: 9.5 (8.1–9.7); ALO: 9.1 (8.4–10.2); HTK: 14.2 (12.6–15); all P < 0.05]; and kidney [Control: 4.6 (4–5.1); TMZ: 9.7 (9.3–9.9); ALO: 9.6 (9–9.9); HTK: 16.7 (16.1–17); all P < 0.05]. In an experimental model of hemorrhagic shock, TMZ, ALO, and HTK solution attenuated cell damage in multiple parenchyma and increased antioxidant defenses.
Distal Internal Maxillary Artery Occlusion with Palatal Necrosis following Cheek Injection with Calcium Hydroxylapatite
Authors: Soares Danny J. , Blevins Larry W. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Accidental intravascular injection of cosmetic fillers resulting in dermal infarction represents one of the most feared complications in aesthetic medicine. Despite the infrequency of these injuries, the rapid rise in filler use has caused a sudden increase in the incidence of filler-induced skin necrosis. Because the complex vascular anatomy of the face subserves a wide range of cutaneous and mucosal tissues, it has been surmised that occult injuries affecting the oronasal cavities could occur as a result of accidental intravascular injection of dermal fillers. We report an instance of ischemic skin injury of the infraorbital territory of the face with hemi-palatal mucosal necrosis secondary to vascular occlusion with calcium hydroxylapatite.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Prevents Hernia Recurrence in Simultaneous Ventral Hernia Repair and Panniculectomy
Authors: Deldar Romina , Abu El Hawa Areeg A. , Bovill John D. , Hipolito Dionisio , Tefera Eshetu , Bhanot Parag , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Simultaneous ventral hernia repair with panniculectomy (VHR-PAN) is associated with a high rate of wound complications. Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has been shown to lower complications in high-risk wounds. There is a debate in the literature as to whether ciNPWT is effective at preventing complications in VHR-PAN. The aim of our study was to evaluate if ciNPWT improves outcomes of VHR-PAN.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients who underwent VHR-PAN between 2009 and 2021 was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) those who received standard sterile dressings (SSD), or (2) ciNPWT. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications, including surgical site occurrences (SSO) and hernia recurrence.

Results:
A total of 114 patients were identified: 57 patients each in the SSD group and ciNPWT group. The groups were similar in demographics and comorbidities. There were more smokers in the SSD group (22.8% versus 5.3%, P = 0.013). Hernia defect size was significantly larger in patients who received ciNPWT (202.0 versus 143.4 cm2, P = 0.010). Overall SSO was similar between the two groups (23.2% versus 26.3%, P = 0.663). At a mean follow-up of 6.6 months, hernia recurrence rate was significantly higher in the SSD group compared with that in the ciNPWT group. (10.5% versus 0%, P = 0.027). Smoking, diabetes, component separation, mesh type, and location were not significantly associated with hernia recurrence.

Conclusions:
Application of incisional NPWT is beneficial in decreasing hernia recurrence in VHR-PAN, compared with standard dressings. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the utility of ciNPWT in abdominal wall reconstruction.
Impact of the Coarse Indoor Non-radioactive Aerosols on the Background Radon Progenies’ Compensation of a Continuous Air Monitor
Authors: Hoarau Gwenaël , Dougniaux Grégoire , Gensdarmes François , Cassette Philippe , Ranchoux Gilles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of false positive alarm when using a continuous air monitor (CAM) in decommissioning sites of nuclear facilities. CAMs are used to measure airborne activity and play an important role in the radiation protection of workers likely to be exposed to radioactive aerosols. Monitors usually sample aerosols on a membrane filter. Radioactive particles sampled are detected through the alpha and beta decays that they emit. These latter ionizing particles are measured online by spectrometry thanks to a Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon detector (PIPS). Alpha and beta decays, in this context, come mainly from the natural radon progeny (218Po, 214Pb, and so on) and, in the case of radioactive contamination, also from artificial radionuclides such as 239Pu or 137Cs. The aim of the CAM is to alert the workers when the artificial airborne activity occurs, always considering the presence of a variable background due to the natural particulate airborne activity. The CAM-specific algorithm considers this background dynamically and continuously, often by using a constant parameter. However, non-radioactive aerosols are also sampled on the membrane filter. These latter make the discrimination more difficult as they lead to the deterioration of the alpha-energy spectrum. In this paper, the effect of coarse non-radioactive aerosols on the CAM response is highlighted with four aerosol size-distributions. The evolution of the background is characterized as a function of the aerosol mass sampled, with the example of a simple algorithm. Thus, in this paper, results show a positive correlation of the background with the aerosol mass sampled by the CAM. In addition, results highlight at least two different evolutionary trends according to the aerosol size distribution. An explanation of these evolutions is given by considering the penetration profile of the natural radioactive aerosols in the granular deposit above the CAM filter. The main consequence of these results is that the background could not be considered as proportional to radon progeny as it is currently used.
A UNIQUE INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURE IN SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Hossain Homaira Ayesha , O'Keefe Ghazala 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To describe a unique indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) feature in sarcoidosis-associated choroidal vasculitis in a 33-year-old woman.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 33-year-old woman with sarcoidosis was referred for the evaluation of blurry vision in both eyes. On ocular examination of both eyes, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy revealed 0.5+ anterior chamber cell, 1+ vitreous cell, and no vitreous haze. Also noted were areas of venous perivascular sheathing and multiple (3–5) inferior snowballs. Fluorescein angiography showed optic disk hyperfluorescence, retinal phlebitis, and hyperfluorescence with late leakage in the periphery (Figure 1). Indocyanine green angiography showed small hypofluorescent spots. Also noted on the ICGA images were multiple, sharp, linear hyperfluorescent areas signifying areas of choroidal vasculitis (Figure 2). The patient was referred to rheumatology for the initiation of immunomodulatory therapy.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this ICGA pattern of multiple, sharp, linear hyperfluorescent areas has not been previously described in patients with sarcoidosis. This ICGA pattern represents areas of sarcoidosis associated choroidal vasculitis.
Lid Margin Score Is the Strongest Predictor of Meibomian Area Loss
Authors: Zhou Nanyu , Edwards Katie , Colorado Luisa H. , Schmid Katrina L. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Although meibography provides direct evidence of gland dropout in meibomian gland dysfunction, this specialized technique is not available in most clinics. The primary aim was to determine which clinical ocular marker was most related to meibomian area loss. A secondary aim was to determine associations with confocal microscopy imaging of the lid margin.

Methods:
One hundred participants from age 18 to 65 years were recruited. Measurements of the right eye and its upper eyelid, where relevant, included noninvasive tear break-up time, bulbar and limbal redness scores, blepharitis score, lipid layer thickness, number of parallel conjunctival folds, tear osmolarity, corneal fluorescein staining, phenol red thread test, lid margin score, meibography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. Participants also completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. The relationships between the measurements were determined using the Spearman correlation. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine the cutoff value of clinical markers.

Results:
Significant correlations were found between meibomian area and lid margin score (r = −0.47, P < 0.01), and meibomian tortuosity and lid signs of blepharitis (r = −0.32, P < 0.01). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a lid margin score of ≥1.70 detected meibomian area loss with a sensitivity of 0.58 and a specificity of 0.86. There were significant correlations between meibomian area and orifice area at 30 μm depth (r = −0.25, P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
The lid margin score was most related to the meibomian area and thus the best predictor of undiagnosed meibomian area loss.
Traumatic intraocular lens ectopia from a nonadhesive capsule
Authors: Chen Zeli , Wu Yan , Chen Maosheng , Liu Zhen 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
This study describes a case of traumatic intraocular lens (IOL) ectopia with retention in the pupil that occurred 2 years after cataract surgery.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
A 55-year-old man, who underwent cataract surgery 2 years ago, sustained an ocular injury while slapping a bug on the left eyelid, following which he had decreased vision. His IOL shifted out of the capsule and was retained in the pupil.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
The patient was diagnosed with IOL ectopia with retention in the pupil. An IOL reposition operation was performed successfully. The IOL was completely returned into the capsule, and postoperatively, his uncorrected distance visual acuity immediately improved to 0.097 logMAR.

Conclusions:
An IOL could slide out of the nonadhesive capsule under external force even if the capsulorhexis is performed perfectly with a continuous curvilinear circle at the center and the anterior capsule covers the IOL optical surface.
A Pilot Proteomic Study of Vestibular Fluid From Patients With Vulvodynia
Authors: MacNeill Colin , Umstead Todd , Shearer Debra , Weisz Judith , Phelps David S. , Floros Joanna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Many women are affected by vulvodynia, but medical therapies to date have proven ineffective. We performed a pilot study using gel-based proteomics to develop a map of proteins present in vaginal/vestibular secretions and identify proteins that could be considered for future evaluation as potential therapeutic targets.

Materials and Methods
We collected vestibular fluid from 4 controls and 4 patients with vulvodynia by placing a cotton swab in the vestibule and extracting the absorbed proteins. The proteins underwent 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to develop a protein map. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate proteomic findings.

Results
A map was constructed of 32 of the more abundant proteins in vestibular fluid and their levels compared in control subjects and vulvodynia patients. Among these were annexin A1, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, protein S100 A9, and a number of antiproteases and proteases. Many of these proteins differed by at least 50% between groups, but only annexin A1, one of the protease inhibitors, and immunoglobulin G κ chain were significantly different. The results with annexin A1 were validated by similar findings with immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions
The findings of this pilot study demonstrate a set of vestibule mucosa proteins that differ significantly—either increasing or decreasing—in vulvodynia patients compared with controls, and several others that exhibited greater than 1.5-fold change but did not reach statistical significance. This study constitutes a proof-of-principle that an open, unbiased proteomic approach can identify molecular participants in vulvodynia, some of which had not been identified to date by hypothesis-driven studies.
The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion, Social Disadvantage, and the Practice Location Choices of New General Internists
Authors: Escarce José J. , Wozniak Gregory D. , Tsipas Stavros , Pane Joseph D. , Ma Yanlei , Brotherton Sarah E. , Yu Hao 
Published: March 2022

Background:
A recent study found that states that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) gained new general internists who were establishing their first practices, whereas nonexpansion states lost them.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the level of social disadvantage of the areas of expansion states that gained new physicians and the areas of nonexpansion states that lost them.

Research Design:
We used American Community Survey data to classify commuting zones as high, medium, or low social disadvantage. Using 2009–2019 data from the AMA Physician Masterfile and information on states’ Medicaid expansion status, we estimated conditional logit models to compare where new physicians located during the 6 years following the expansion to where they located during the 5 years preceding the expansion.

Subjects:
A total of 32,102 new general internists.

Results:
Compared with preexpansion patterns, new general internists were more likely to locate in expansion states after the expansion, a finding that held for high, medium, and low disadvantage areas. We estimated that, between 2014 and 2019, nonexpansion states lost 371 new general internists (95% confidence interval, 203–540) to expansion states. However, 62.5% of the physicians lost by nonexpansion states were lost from high disadvantage areas even though these areas only accounted for 17.9% of the population of nonexpansion states.

Conclusions:
States that opted not to expand Medicaid lost new general internists to expansion states. A highly disproportionate share of the physicians lost by nonexpansion states were lost from high disadvantage areas, potentially compromising access for all residents irrespective of insurance coverage.
Identifying Long-Term Morbidities and Health Trajectories After Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Children Using State All Payer Claims Data*
Authors: Maddux Aline B. , Mourani Peter M. , Miller Kristen , Carpenter Todd C. , LaVelle Jaime , Pyle Laura L. , Watson R. Scott , Bennett Tellen D. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To identify postdischarge outcome phenotypes and risk factors for poor outcomes using insurance claims data.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Single quaternary center.

PATIENTS:
Children without preexisting tracheostomy who required greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, survived the hospitalization, and had postdischarge insurance eligibility in Colorado’s All Payer Claims Database.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We used unsupervised machine learning to identify functional outcome phenotypes based on claims data representative of postdischarge morbidities. We assessed health trajectory by comparing change in the number of insurance claims between quarters 1 and 4 of the postdischarge year. Regression analyses identified variables associated with unfavorable outcomes. The 381 subjects had median age 3.3 years (interquartile range, 0.9–12 yr), and 147 (39%) had a complex chronic condition. Primary diagnoses were respiratory (41%), injury (23%), and neurologic (11%). We identified three phenotypes: lower morbidity (n = 300), higher morbidity (n = 62), and 1-year nonsurvivors (n = 19). Complex chronic conditions most strongly predicted the nonsurvivor phenotype. Longer PICU stays and tracheostomy placement most strongly predicted the higher morbidity phenotype. Patients with high but improving postdischarge resource use were differentiated by high illness severity and long PICU stays. Patients with persistently high or increasing resource use were differentiated by complex chronic conditions and tracheostomy placement.

CONCLUSIONS:
New morbidities are common after prolonged mechanical ventilation. Identifying phenotypes at high risk of postdischarge morbidity may facilitate prognostic enrichment in clinical trials.