bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperon bulk viscosity and r-modes of neutron stars
Authors: Jyothilakshmi O P , Krishnan P E Sravan , Thakur Prashant , Sreekanth V , Jha T K 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We propose and apply a new parametrization of the modified chiral effective model to study rotating neutron stars with hyperon cores in the framework of the relativistic mean-field theory. The inclusion of mesonic cross couplings in the model has improved the density content of the symmetry energy slope parameters, which are in agreement with the findings from recent terrestrial experiments. The bulk viscosity of the hyperonic medium is analyzed to investigate its role in the suppression of gravitationally driven r-modes. The hyperonic bulk viscosity coefficient caused by non-leptonic weak interactions and the corresponding damping time-scales are calculated and the r-mode instability windows are obtained. The present model predicts a significant reduction of the unstable region due to a more effective damping of oscillations. We find that from ∼108 K to ∼109 K, hyperonic bulk viscosity completely suppresses the r-modes leading to a stable region between the instability windows. Our analysis indicates that the instability can reduce the angular velocity of the star up to ∼0.3 ΩK, where ΩK is the Kepler frequency of the star.
Evidence of deep mixing in IRS 7, a cool massive supergiant member of the Galactic nuclear star cluster
Authors: Guerço Rafael , Smith Verne V , Cunha Katia , Ekström Sylvia , Abia Carlos , Plez Bertrand , Meynet Georges , Ramirez Solange V , Prantzos Nikos , Sellgren Kris , Hayes Cristian R , Majewski Steven R 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The centre of the Milky Way contains stellar populations spanning a range in age and metallicity, with a recent star formation burst producing young and massive stars. Chemical abundances in the most luminous stellar member of the nuclear star cluster (NSC), IRS 7, are presented for 19F, 12C, 13C, 14N, 16O, 17O, and Fe from a local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis based on spherical modelling and radiative transfer with a 25-M⊙ model atmosphere, whose chemistry was tailored to the derived photospheric abundances. We find IRS 7 to be depleted heavily in both 12C (∼–0.8 dex) and 16O (∼–0.4 dex), while exhibiting an extremely enhanced 14N abundance (∼+1.1 dex), which are isotopic signatures of the deep mixing of CNO-cycled material to the stellar surface. The 19F abundance is also heavily depleted by ∼1 dex relative to the baseline fluorine of the NSC, providing evidence that fluorine along with carbon constrain the nature of the deep mixing in this very luminous supergiant. The abundances of the minor isotopes 13C and 17O are also derived, with ratios of 12C/13C ∼ 5.3 and 16O/17O ∼ 525. The derived abundances for IRS 7, in conjunction with previous abundance results for massive stars in the NSC, are compared with rotating and non-rotating models of massive stars and it is found that the IRS 7 abundances overall follow the behaviour predicted by stellar models. The depleted fluorine abundance in IRS 7 illustrates, for the first time, the potential of using the 19F abundance as a mixing probe in luminous red giants.
A new candidate for central tidal disruption event in SDSS J014124 + 010306 with broad Mg ii line at z = 1.06
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In the letter, a new candidate for central tidal disruption event (TDE) is reported in SDSS J014124 + 010306 (= SDSS J0141) with broad Mg ii line at redshift $\mathit{ z}$ = 1.06. Based on long-term photometric ugriz-band variabilities from SDSS Stripe82 Data base and PHOTOOBJALL data base, a central TDE is preferred with a 1.3 M⊙ main-sequence star tidally disrupted by central black hole (BH) of (14 ± 2) × 106 M⊙ in SDSS J0141. Moreover, CAR process has been applied to confirm that the probability is only about 0.4 per cent that the long-term variabilities in SDSS J0141 are not related to TDE but from intrinsic active galactic nucleus (AGN) activities. Meanwhile, based on the apparent broad Mg ii emission lines, virial BH mass can be estimated as 245 × 106 M⊙, 18 times larger than the TDE model determined BH mass, providing further clues to support a central TDE in SDSS J0141, similar to the case in the TDE candidate SDSS J0159 with virial BH mass two magnitudes larger than M-sigma relation expected BH mass. Among the reported optical TDE candidates, SDSS J0141 is the candidate at the highest redshift. The results in the letter indicate it should be common to detect TDE candidates in high redshift galaxies with broad Mg ii lines.
Expansion of nickel binding- and histidine-rich proteins during gastric adaptation of Helicobacter species
Authors: Fischer Frédéric , Vorontsov Egor , Turlin Evelyne , Malosse Christian , Garcia Camille , Tabb David L , Chamot-Rooke Julia , Percudani Riccardo , Vinella Daniel , De Reuse Hilde 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acquisition and homeostasis of essential metals during host colonization by bacterial pathogens rely on metal uptake, trafficking, and storage proteins. How these factors have evolved within bacterial pathogens is poorly defined. Urease, a nickel enzyme, is essential for Helicobacter pylori to colonize the acidic stomach. Our previous data suggest that acquisition of nickel transporters and a histidine-rich protein (HRP) involved in nickel storage in H. pylori and gastric Helicobacter spp. have been essential evolutionary events for gastric colonization. Using bioinformatics, proteomics, and phylogenetics, we extended this analysis to determine how evolution has framed the repertoire of HRPs among 39 Epsilonproteobacteria; 18 gastric and 11 non-gastric enterohepatic (EH) Helicobacter spp., as well as 10 other Epsilonproteobacteria. We identified a total of 213 HRPs distributed in 22 protein families named orthologous groups (OGs) with His-rich domains, including 15 newly described OGs. Gastric Helicobacter spp. are enriched in HRPs (7.7 ± 1.9 HRPs/strain) as compared to EH Helicobacter spp. (1.9 ± 1.0 HRPs/strain) with a particular prevalence of HRPs with C-terminal histidine-rich domains in gastric species. The expression and nickel-binding capacity of several HRPs was validated in five gastric Helicobacter spp. We established the evolutionary history of new HRP families, such as the periplasmic HP0721-like proteins and the HugZ-type heme oxygenases. The expansion of histidine-rich extensions in gastric Helicobacter spp. proteins is intriguing but can tentatively be associated with the presence of the urease nickel enzyme. We conclude that this HRP expansion is associated with unique properties of organisms that rely on large intracellular nickel amounts for their survival.
Safety and patterns of survivorship in recurrent GBM following resection and surgically targeted radiation therapy: Results from a prospective trial
Authors: Smith Kris , Nakaji Peter , Thomas Theresa , Pinnaduwage Dilini , Wallstrom Garrick , Choi Mehee , Zabramski Joseph , Chen Clark , Brachman David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) remains problematic with survival after additional therapy typically less than 12 months. We prospectively evaluated whether outcomes might be improved with resection plus permanent implantation of a novel radiation device utilizing the gamma-emitting isotope Cs-131 embedded within bioresorbable collagen tiles.

Methods
Recurrent histologic GBM were treated in a single-arm trial. Following radiation, the surgical bed was lined with the tiles. Subsequent treatments were at the treating physician’s discretion.

Results
28 patients were treated (20 at first recurrence, range 1–3). Median age was 58 years, KPS was 80, female:male ratio was 10:18. Methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) was methylated in 11%, unmethylated in 18%, and unknown in 71%. Post implant, 17 patients (61%) received ≥1 course of systemic therapy. For all patients, Kaplan-Meier estimates of median time to local failure were 12.1 months, post-implant survival was 10.7 months for all patients and 15.1 months for patients who received systemic therapy; for all patients, median overall survival from diagnosis was 25.0 months (range 9.1–143.1). Sex, age, and number of prior progressions were not statistically significant. Local control was continuously maintained in 46% of patients. Two deaths within 30 days occurred, one from intracranial hemorrhage and one after persistent coma. Three symptomatic adverse events occurred: one wound infection requiring surgery and two late radiation brain injury, resolved non-surgically.

Conclusion
This pre-commercial trial demonstrated acceptable safety and favorable post-treatment local control and survival. The device has received FDA clearance for use in newly diagnosed malignant and all recurrent intracranial neoplasms.
Cat Scratch Disease: 9 Years of Experience at a Pediatric Center
Authors: Amin Omayma , Rostad Christina A , Gonzalez Mark , Rostad Bradley S , Caltharp Shelley , Quincer Elizabeth , Betke Briana A , Gottdenker Nicole L , Wilson Jonathan J , Shane Andi L , Elmontser Mohnd , Camacho-Gonzalez Andres , Senior Tal , Smith Oliver , Anderson Evan J , Yildirim Inci 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
A more complete understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of cat scratch disease (CSD) in children could help guide patient care.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of children presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital system in Atlanta, Georgia between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 who had serology, polymerase chain reaction, and/or cytopathological results consistent with a Bartonella henselae infection. We also retrospectively reviewed veterinary diagnostic results performed at the University of Georgia from 2018 to 2020 to ascertain the burden of bartonellosis in companion animals within the state.

Results
We identified 304 children with CSD over 9 years with the largest proportion of diagnoses made during August (41 of 304, 13.5%) and September (47 of 304, 15.5%). The median age of child cases was 8.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 5.4–12.1); 156 (51.3%) were female; 242 of 262 (92.4%) reported feline exposure; and 55 of 250 (22%) reported canine exposure of those with exposure histories documented in the medical record. Although lymphadenopathy was present on physical examination in the majority of cases (78.8%), atypical presentations lacking lymphadenopathy were also common (63 of 304, 20.7%). Among children with radiographic imaging, 20 of 55 (36.4%) had splenomegaly and 21 of 55 (38.1%) had splenic and/or hepatic microabscesses. Among veterinary data, Bartonella seroprevalence was 12 of 146 (8.2%), all among canines, with a geographic distribution that spanned the state of Georgia.

Conclusions
Distinguishing clinical features of CSD included subacute regional lymphadenopathy in school-aged children in the late summer, almost all of whom had cat exposure. Atypical clinical manifestations of CSD were also commonly identified.
Understanding forced internal displacement in Ukraine: insights and lessons for today’s crises
Authors: Mykhnenko Vlad , Delahaye Elliot , Mehdi Nigel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The contribution of this paper is threefold: first, it accounts for the problem of Ukraine’s forced internal displacement, following the Russian occupation of the Crimea and Donbas regions in 2014; second, this study applies a number of quantitative research methods to provide new insights into the way that individual and destination characteristics of the internally displaced people (IDPs) impact upon their destination preferences; finally, it draws four key policy lessons for dealing with today’s worst humanitarian catastrophe in Europe since 1945. These lessons focus on the individual characteristics of forced migrants for understanding displacement patterns; and the need for full restoration of legitimate democratic government at home as the necessary condition for return. They also highlight that in the extraordinary circumstances of large-scale warfare, life-saving action takes precedence over any other motivations; and the host communities’ perceived sympathy towards the forced migrants’ home nation ultimately determines the choice of settlement.
ECERIFERUM1-6A is required for the synthesis of cuticular wax alkanes and promotes drought tolerance in wheat
Authors: He Jiajia , Li Chongzhao , Hu Ning , Zhu Yuyao , He Zhaofeng , Sun Yulin , Wang Zhonghua , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cuticular waxes cover the aerial surfaces of land plants and protect them from various environmental stresses. Alkanes are major wax components and contribute to plant drought tolerance, but the biosynthesis and regulation of alkanes remain largely unknown in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Here, we identified and functionally characterized a key alkane biosynthesis gene ECERIFERUM1-6A (TaCER1-6A) from wheat. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout mutation in TaCER1-6A greatly reduced the contents of C27, C29, C31, and C33 alkanes in wheat leaves, while TaCER1-6A overexpression significantly increased the contents of these alkanes in wheat leaves, suggesting that TaCER1-6A is specifically involved in the biosynthesis of C27, C29, C31, and C33 alkanes on wheat leaf surfaces. TaCER1-6A knockout lines exhibited increased cuticle permeability and reduced drought tolerance, whereas TaCER1-6A overexpression lines displayed reduced cuticle permeability and enhanced drought tolerance. TaCER1-6A was highly expressed in flag leaf blades and seedling leaf blades and could respond to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid. TaCER1-6A was located in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the subcellular compartment responsible for wax biosynthesis. A total of three haplotypes (HapI/II/III) of TaCER1-6A were identified in 43 wheat accessions, and HapI was the dominant haplotype (95%) in these wheat varieties. Additionally, we identified two R2R3-MYB transcription factors TaMYB96-2D and TaMYB96-5D that bound directly to the conserved motif CAACCA in promoters of the cuticular wax biosynthesis genes TaCER1-6A, TaCER1-1A, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase4. Collectively, these results suggest that TaCER1-6A is required for C27, C29, C31, and C33 alkanes biosynthesis and improves drought tolerance in wheat.
Gender, police-community contacts, and situational outcomes
Authors: Nowacki Jeffrey S , Makin David , Willits Dale , Parks Megan , Brooks Rachael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research in policing focuses on the nature of the police-citizen interaction itself. However, little of this research prioritizes the role that community member gender plays in these interactions. We examine how gender can influence a range of police outcomes including de-escalation and procedurally just policing behaviors. Using body-worn camera (BWC) footage from over 700 police-community member encounters, this study examines how gender, along with other situational factors including contact type, guardianship, and levels of resistance influence a range of police outcomes. Findings indicate that while gender did not directly influence police action, other situational characteristics of police encounters did. Police training protocols should focus on how police can account for some of these characteristics to improve decision-making and increase use of de-escalation techniques.
Comparison of mucormycosis infection between patients with and without a history of COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Saadi Mohammad Hassan Gholampoor , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Khodamoradi Zohre , Mokhtaryan Maryam , Omidifar Navid , Moghadami Mohsen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMucormycosis infection is a complication seen in some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This study compares the characteristics of mucormycosis infection between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort comprised 87 patients with mucormycosis divided into two groups. The first included 44 patients who had COVID-19 recently before hospitalization due to mucormycosis at Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, between February 2019 and August 2021. The second group included all 43 patients hospitalized at the same hospital due to mucormycosis between 2010 and 2019 (pre-pandemic).ResultsMucormycosis patients with a history of recent COVID-19 infection had a higher rate of diabetes mellitus, fewer malignancies and higher blood glucose, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels (p&lt;0.05). Glucocorticoid use was common (77%) in the COVID-19 group.ConclusionsIn the pre-COVID-19 era, mucormycosis mainly affected immunodeficient patients like those receiving chemotherapy due to malignancy but now seems to affect COVID-19 patients with uncontrolled blood glucose and glucocorticoids use. Special care must be taken in prescribing glucocorticoids and controlling the blood glucose levels of COVID-19 patients.
Genomic surveillance of Salmonella spp. in the Philippines during 2013–2014
Authors: Lagrada Marietta L , Argimón Silvia , Borlasa Janice B , Abad Jaywardeen P , Gayeta June M , Masim Melissa L , Olorosa Agnettah M , Cohen Victoria , Jeffrey Benjamin , Abudahab Khalil , Sia Sonia B , Hufano Charmian M , Stelling John , Holden Matthew T G , Aanensen David M , Carlos Celia C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella has been observed in the Philippines. We aimed to characterise the population and AMR mechanisms of Salmonella with whole genome sequencing (WGS) and compare it with laboratory surveillance methods.

Methods
The serotype, multilocus sequence type, AMR genes and relatedness between isolates were determined from the genomes of 148 Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) and 65 non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) collected by the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during 2013–2014. Genotypic serotypes and AMR prediction were compared with phenotypic data.

Results
AMR rates in S. Typhi were low, with sparse acquisition of mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. By contrast, 75% of NTS isolates were insusceptible to at least one antimicrobial, with more than half carrying mutations and/or genes linked to fluoroquinolone resistance. ESBL genes were detected in five genomes, which also carried other AMR determinants. The population of S. Typhi was dominated by likely endemic genotype 3.0, which caused a putative local outbreak. The main NTS clades were global epidemic S. Enteritidis ST11 and S. Typhimurium monophasic variant (I,4,[5],12: i: -) ST34.

Conclusion
We provide the first genomic characterisation of Salmonella from the Philippines and evidence of WGS utility for ongoing surveillance.
Lineage BA.2 dominated the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave in the Philippines
Authors: Li Yao-Tsun , Polotan Francisco Gerardo M , Sotelo Gerald Ivan S , Alpino Anne Pauline A , Dolor Ardiane Ysabelle M , Tujan Ma. Angelica A , Gomez Ma. Ricci R , Onza Othoniel Jan T , Chang Angela Kae T , Bautista Criselda T , Carandang June C , Yangzon Maria Sofia L , Pangilinan Elcid Aaron R , Mantaring Renato Jacinto , Telles Alyssa Joyce E , Egana John Michael C , Endozo Joshua Jose S , Cruz Rianna Patricia S , Tablizo Francis A , Yap Jan Michael C , Maralit Benedict A , Ayes Marc Edsel C , de la Paz Eva Marie C , Saloma Cynthia P , Lim Dodge R , Dancel Lei Lanna M , Uy-Lumandas Mayan , Medado Inez Andrea P , Dizon Timothy John R , Hampson Katie , Daldry Simon , Hughes Joseph , Brunker Kirstyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant led to a dramatic global epidemic wave following detection in South Africa in November 2021. The BA.1 Omicron lineage was dominant and responsible for most SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in countries around the world during December 2021–January 2022, while other Omicron lineages, including BA.2, accounted for the minority of global isolates. Here, we describe the Omicron wave in the Philippines by analysing genomic data. Our results identify the presence of both BA.1 and BA.2 lineages in the Philippines in December 2021, before cases surged in January 2022. We infer that only the BA.2 lineage underwent sustained transmission in the country, with an estimated emergence around 18 November 2021 (95 per cent highest posterior density: 6–28 November), while despite multiple introductions, BA.1 transmission remained limited. These results suggest that the Philippines was one of the earliest areas affected by BA.2 and reiterate the importance of whole genome sequencing for monitoring outbreaks.
Effects of Fungicides and Cultivar Resistance on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Spring Barley from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Friskop Andrew , Halvorson Jessica , Hansen Bryan , Meyer Scott , Jordahl Jim , Gautam Pravin , Chapara Venkata , Arens Amanda , Tjelde Tyler , Kalil Audrey , Fonseka Dmitri , Schatz Blaine , Brueggeman Robert , Baldwin Thomas , Gross Pat , Deplazes Chad , Ransom Joel 
Published: August 2022

Spring barley production and quality in the United States is severely impacted by Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum. Management of FHB is best accomplished using an integrated approach including resistant varieties and fungicides. Field experiments were established from 2014 to 2019 to quantify the effects of host resistance, fungicide, and fungicide timing on management of FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) and yield protection in spring barley. Three separate research objectives were investigated using multiyear and multilocation experiments. These included investigating the efficacy of prothioconazole + tebuconazole applied at either Feekes growth stage (FGS) 10.5 (full head) or 3 to 7 days after FGS 10.5; the efficacy of sequential fungicide applications occurring at both FGS 10.5 and 3 to 7 days after FGS 10.5 using prothioconazole + tebuconazole, metconazole, prothioconazole, or tebuconazole; and the efficacy and timing of pydiflumetofen + propiconazole. Pooled analysis results suggest that metconazole, prothioconazole + tebuconazole, and pydiflumetofen + propiconazole are all effective fungicides for reducing DON, reducing FHB, and protecting yield. The use of sequential fungicide applications with one occurring at FGS 10.5 and another at 3 to 7 days after FGS 10.5 provided greater suppression than a single application at FGS 10.5. The greatest DON reduction from pydiflumetofen + propiconazole occurred when applied at full head or 3 to 7 days after full head. Across all research objectives, the most effective single fungicide application timing to reduce FHB, reduce DON, and protect yield in barley is 3 to 7 days after FGS 10.5.