bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of precipitates in a stainless maraging steel by three-dimensional atom probe and small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Leitner H. , Clemens H. , Höring S. , Wanderka N. , Banhart J. , Staron P. , Jamnig B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two complementary techniques, namely three-dimensional atom probe and small-angle neutron scattering, were employed to study precipitation phenomena in a stainless maraging steel (Fe-12.3 %Cr-8.9%Ni-0.6 %Si-1 %Mo-0.6 %Al-0.8%Ti, wt.%) during ageing at 475 °C. Atom probe investigations revealed the precipitation of a single Ni-rich phase exhibiting an average particle diameter of 2.5 nm after 12 h. After ageing for 100 h these precipitates had grown to an average size of 4 nm. In addition, needle-or plate-like Ni-rich precipitates larger than 15 nm were present. Their compositions differ mainly in the amount of Fe, Ni and Ti. Furthermore, Cr-rich precipitates were observed. The size ranges and the number densities of the precipitates match well with those observed by small-angle neutron scattering.
Indicative Conditionals and the Expressive Conception of Logic
Authors: Paulson Spencer 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is often thought that the test for whether an indicative conditional is assertible is to first suppose the antecedent and then check to see if the consequent is probable on that supposition. Call this procedure the “Ramsey Test”. Some influential accounts of indicative conditionals (e.g. Adams 1975, Edgington 1995) hold that the Ramsey Test works because indicative conditionals are used to express a high credence in the consequent conditional on the antecedent. In this paper I will argue that a different expressivist account, one inspired by Brandom (1994) can handle a wider range of phenomena. In particular, it does a better job explaining how conditionals function in modus tollens arguments. I will end by discussing how the account proposed here goes beyond Brandom’s own work on logic and hermeneutics. Of particular importance is the role played by a conversational common ground, distinct from the commitments of the interpreter and interpreted (6992 words).
Core–shell heterostructured composites of carbon nanotubes and imine-linked hyperbranched polymers as metal-free Li-ion anodes
Authors: Dou Yu , Zhang Jianye , Han Xiaoyan , He Qiming , Yang Yingkui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An in situ Schiff-base condensation between p-phthalaldehyde (PPD) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) or 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT) was actualized in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), producing imine-linked hyperbranched poly(PPD-TAPB) and poly(PPD-TAPT)-coated CNTs (abbreviated as CNT@HBP-1 and CNT@HBP-2, respectively). Such quasi-1D core–shell heterostructures are interleaved to build robust 3D networks with porous internal channels, which are favorable for efficient electron transport and ion diffusion, exposing active sites, fast redox kinetics, and high electrochemical utilization. When used as Li-ion anodes, both CNT@HBP-1 and CNT@HBP-2 exhibit larger specific capacity, better rate performance, and higher cycling stability compared to their pure polymers. Furthermore, CNT@HBP-2 delivers higher reversible capacities of 351 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, and 81 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, respectively, compared to CNT@HBP-1 (335 and 56 mA h g−1). Besides, CNT@HBP-2 retains 268 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, and 617 mA h g−1 in the 500th cycles at 0.5 A g−1, respectively, outperforming CNT@HBP-1 (155 and 256 mA h g−1). Further improvements in the electrochemical performance for CNT@HBP-2 relative to CNT@HBP-1 are attributable to the incorporation of additional redox-active triazine units into HBP-2. This work would unlock insights into the rational development of metal-free polymer-based electrodes for rechargeable batteries.
Enrichment and analysis of glycated proteins
Authors: Cho Seonghyeon , Duong Van-An , Mok Jeong-Hun , Joo Minjoong , Park Jong-Moon , Lee Hookeun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Glycation is a spontaneous post-translational modification of lysine, arginine, and the N-terminus of proteins. Protein glycation is closely related to the pathogenesis of human diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, renal disease, and cancer. The levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are positively correlated with the progression of many diseases. However, it remains challenging to analyze glycation-related products, such as reactive carbonyl species, Schiff bases, Amadori compounds, and AGEs, because of their high heterogeneity. Many analysis methods, such as fluorescence detection, immunoassays, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have attempted to correlate glycation products with diseases. Some enrichment methods have been used to increase the probability of detection of glycated proteins due to their low abundance in blood plasma. This review summarizes the enrichment and analysis methods that are currently used to identify glycation as a disease biomarker in exploratory studies.
Influence of Educational Methods on Bowel Preparation for Coloncopy: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kildušis Edvinas , Brimas Gintautas 
Published: February 2022

Background. To review and evaluate the influence of bowel preparation educational methods for colonoscopy used in world practice. Research material and methods. Scientific publications have been searched in PubMed, Cochrane Libraly, Google Scholar and SpringerLink databases since 2011 January 1 until 2020 May 10. The following keywords were used in the search: improving bowel preparation, cleansing, colonoscopy, education, enhanced, method, instruction, intervention, comparison, validated bowel preparation scale, adult participants. The specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in the selection of articles, and a detailed analysis of educational methods was performed. Results. This systematic review includes 21 articles, which assesses the various ways in which patients are educated before colonoscopy. The publications are divided into 3 groups: (1) patients in the study group educated in some way are compared with those in the control group who received standard instructions; (2) all patients received standard instructions, and the patients in the study group were additionally educated in some way and compared with the control group; (3) all patients received standard instructions, and patients in the study groups (there was more than one study group) were additionally educated in some way and the study groups were compared with each other. The main comparative results of the used bowel preparation for colonoscopy educational methods are presented. Conclusion. It is necessary to objectively (quantitatively, using standardized scales) evaluate the effectiveness of emerging patient bowel preparation before colonoscopy educational methods, to standardize patient training (education) protocols, so that it is possible to properly compare different forms of education.
Early Sexual Debut and Neighborhood Social Environment in Latinx Youth
Authors: Minnis Alexandra M. , Browne Erica N. , Chavez Marisol , McGlone Linda , Raymond-Flesch Marissa , Auerswald Colette 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES
To examine whether social aspects of the neighborhood environment are associated with early sexual initiation in a California agricultural community of predominantly Latinx adolescents.

METHODS
In a prospective cohort study of 599 eighth graders recruited from middle schools in Salinas, California (2015–2019), participants completed five interviews over 2 years. Social environment measures included neighborhood social dynamics (neighborhood disorder, social cohesion, and social network gang exposure); experiences of discrimination; and school connectedness. We estimated associations between baseline social environment and early sexual initiation (&lt;15 years) using Poisson regression with robust standard errors. We compared contraceptive self-efficacy and attitudes by sexual initiation status using ANOVA.

RESULTS
Most youth were Latinx (94%) and age 13 (70%) at enrollment; 53% were female and 49% had a parent employed in agriculture. Additionally, 14% reported first vaginal sex before age 15. Neighborhood disorder (relative risk [RR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.21), social network gang exposure (RR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.49–3.33), and experiences of discrimination (RR, 1.67 [1–2 events versus none], 95% CI, 1.09–2.55; RR, 2.33 [3+ events versus none], 95% CI, 1.07–4.64) were associated with early sexual initiation. School connectedness was protective (RR, 0.44, 95% CI, 0.29–0.69). Youth who initiated sex before age 15 had more negative birth control attitudes and expressed lower motivation to use contraceptives.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings underscore opportunities to promote early adolescent sexual health through strengthening supportive and safe neighborhood environments with the promise of addressing disparities in unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection rates in later adolescence.
Las condiciones asociadas a la experiencia de éxito universitario de las mujeres con discapacidad
Authors: Morera Marcela Ramírez 
Published: February 2022

Introducción: En el presente artículo[1] se expone el proceso y resultado desarrollado en una investigación doctoral que analiza las condiciones de éxito académico de las mujeres con discapacidad en la educación superior costarricense. En esta se muestra que ellas son mujeres determinadas, con metas claras y que han transitado a través de trayectorias académicas caracterizadas por el enfrentamiento constante de barreras y el apoyo incondicional de las familias como eje fundamental de su éxito.
Objetivo: El artículo comprende las experiencias de éxito académico de las mujeres en situación de discapacidad en las universidades costarricenses, a partir de las condiciones endógenas, familiares y sociales.
Método: Se acude al paradigma de la codificación de la teoría fundamentada, mediante la escucha atenta de los textos discursivos obtenidos de las narraciones biográficas, desarrolladas por medio de cuatro focos de discusión (personal, familiar, docente y grupo de pares).
[Continúa leyendo en el artículo]
Self-rated health in university students: a systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Da Silva , Farias Gildeene Silva , Nunes Sandra Adriana Neves , Papini Camila Bosquiero , Sousa Thiago Ferreira de 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine, through a systematic review, the prevalence of self-rated health (SRH) in university students, as well as the factors associated. Methods: The data was collected in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus, and through manual searches. This study adopted the PRISMA checklist and recommendations. The selected articles were analyzed according to their methodological characteristics and the critical evaluation guidelines. Studies that estimated SRH in university students were eligible. Results: Of the 1.416 articles found, 19 composed this review. Positive results in the SRH varied from 61.8% to 94.5%, and negative ones, from 3.4% to 38.2%, in students from different countries. The cross-sectional design was adopted in all studies. The studies used different questions and answers in the SRH. Having inadequate nutrition, leisure, physical inactivity, severe stress, and health complaints were the factors that were most associated with a negative SRH. Conclusions: The prevalence results of negative SRH in university students from different countries and the associated factors indicate the need for health promotion actions in this environment
Analysis of the 2021 Semangko Bay Earthquake Sequence in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, Using Broadband Seismic Network Data
Authors: Supendi Pepen , Widiyantoro Sri , Rawlinson Nicholas , Wibowo Adhi , Priyobudi Priyobudi , Palgunadi Kadek Hendrawan , Nugraha Andri Dian , Imran Iswandi , Marliyani Gayatri Indah , Daryono Daryono , Prayitno Bambang Setiyo , Sadly Muhammad , Karnawati Dwikorita , Sari Novita , Sugiharto Anton 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Beginning on 30 June 2021, hundreds of earthquakes were detected beneath Semangko Bay in southernmost Sumatra, which is located adjacent to the Sunda Strait, a narrow sea passage that separates the islands of Java and Sumatra. A number of these earthquakes were large enough to be felt by people living in the city of Lampung, some 100 km to the east. In terms of magnitude and temporal distribution, the earthquakes did not follow a typical mainshock–aftershock sequence because the onset was marked by a cluster of five earthquakes with local magnitudes that ranged between 4.2 and 4.6, followed by a rapid decay in the number of detected events. We have relocated 254 of the 258 earthquakes that were recorded between 30 June and 14 July 2021, with a local magnitude range between ML 0.9 and 4.6, using the double-difference relocation method (hypoDD); focal mechanisms were also determined for a subset of events with a magnitude &gt;4. Our results show that the seismicity pattern and focal mechanism solutions are more consistent with a multiple event episode caused by the rupture of several antithetic faults that have a similar strike to the west Semangko fault in southernmost Sumatra rather than a single fault plane. These faults appear to be part of a small graben system located beneath Semangko Bay, which was likely activated by ongoing extension in the Sunda Strait.
Characterization of Swarm and Mainshock–Aftershock Behavior in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ventura-Valentín Wilnelly , Brudzinski Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent Indios, Puerto Rico earthquake sequence has drawn attention, as the increased seismicity rate in this area was unprecedented. The sequence began on 28 December 2019, caused a 6.4 magnitude earthquake on 7 January 2020, and remained active over a year later. This sequence fits the nominal definition of an earthquake swarm in that it had an abrupt onset, a sustained high rate of seismicity without a clear triggering mainshock or evidence for Omori decay, and a lack of adherence to Bath’s law. However, the sequence also had several prominent mainshock–aftershock (MS–AS) sequences embedded within it. We applied three-station waveform cross correlation to the early part of this sequence using the Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) catalog as templates, which confirmed the mixture of swarm and MS–AS patterns. In an effort to place this intriguing sequence in the context of the previous seismicity in Puerto Rico, we investigated the existence of swarms and MS–AS sequences recorded by the PRSN since 1987 by identifying sequences with increased seismicity rate when compared to the background rate. About 59 sequences were manually verified and characterized into swarms or MS–AS. We found that 58% of the sequences follow traditional swarm patterns and 14% adhere to traditional MS–AS behavior, whereas 29% of the sequences have a mixture of both swarm and MS–AS behaviors. These findings suggest that it is not unusual for the Indios sequence to have a mixture of both the characteristics. In addition, the detection of many swarms distributed over a broad area of the subduction interface indicates stress heterogeneity and low-coupling consistent with prior studies indicating that the potential for a magnitude ∼8 megathrust earthquake along the Puerto Rico trench is unlikely.
Patient information and informed consent for research in elderly: Lessons learned from a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: López-Parra Maria , ZAMORA-CARMONA Francesc , SIANES-GALLÉN Mònica , LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ Esmeralda , GIL-REY Maria Dolores , COSTA-VENTURA Helena , BORRÁS-SÁNCHEZ Miriam , RAYO-POSADAS Gemma , ARIZU-PUIGVERT Marta , VIVES-VILAGUT Roser 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background: The awareness that research is essential to improve evidence based-care has increased among nursing professionals. When implementing experimental studies, ethical principles must go first among them, the need for the Informed Consent (IC) of subjects participating in research, thus ensuring that the participation is voluntary. This experience was performed within the context of a single-center randomized clinical in elective prosthetic surgery. Obtaining IC for a clinical trial is not without difficulties, especially in the case of vulnerable populations, comprehension problems, under-literacy of subjects and factors associated with senility can be very challenging.Aim: To identify the difficulties during information and obtaining Informed Consent (IC) to participate in a clinical trial in subjects older than 65 years old and to quantify and describe the use of IC in front of a witness. Methods: Mixed methodology study with a qualitative part (focus group with 4 nurses involved in the inclusion of subjects) and a quantitative part describing the characteristics of patients who signed IC. Results: The main difficulties identified are related to comprehension, sensory impairments, education level and time. IC in front of witnesses was used in 17 patients out of 391. Conclusion: The participation of subjects older than 65 years in clinical trials requires an adaptation of the process. The use of IC in front of a witness should always be considered in studies including elderly subjects.
The Effects of Hif-1 Gene on the Expression of IL-10, TGF-β and Versican Genes in Human Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem
Authors: fallah fateme , Pourhassan Parasto , Khani Maryam , Burke Bernard , Ebrahimi Marzieh , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow and adipose tissues are often hypoxic. These cells are important in tissue repair as well as in the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors and reduction of inflammation. IL-10 and TGF-β are anti-inflammatory cytokines and play an important role in the immune system by modulating inflammation. Versican is a protein that plays an important role in repairing damaged tissues. In this study, the effect of hypoxia on expression of IL-10, TGF-β and versican genes in MSCs was studied in comparison with normoxia. Flow cytometry for surface markers (CD105, CD73 and CD90) was used to confirm MSCs. Desferrioxamine and cobalt chloride (200 µM and 300 µM final concentrations respectively) were added to the cell culture media to induce hypoxia-mimetic conditions. Western Blotting was used to detect HIF-1α protein and confirm the hypoxia-mimetic conditions in MSCs. The expression of VEGF, IL-10, TGF-β and versican genes in MSCs was evaluated using RT-PCR. Microscopic examination and results of flow cytometry confirmed the mesenchymal nature of the cells. Western blotting results also showed that the expression of HIF-1α gene in MSCs increased significantly under hypoxia-mimetic conditions. RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of VEGF, IL-10, TGF-β and versican genes in hypoxic conditions increased significantly compared to normoxia in both mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow and from adipose tissues. The results of this study showed that MSCs in hypoxia can repair tissue and inhibit inflammation by expressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and versican restorative factor.
Postoperative recurrent patterns of gallbladder cancer：possible implications for adjuvant therapy
Authors: Wei Qichun , Yuan Zhijun , Shui Yongjie , Liu Lihong , Guo Yinglu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background： Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon malignancy with high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. This study investigates the recurrent patterns of postoperative GBC, with the aim to guide the adjuvant treatments, including the radiotherapy.Methods： Retrospectively analysis the 109 GBC patients who underwent radical surgery in our institution from January 2013 to January 2018. Clinical follow-up revealed 54 recurrent cases, of which 40 had detailed locations of recurrence. The sites of recurrence were recorded and divided into the tumor bed, corresponding lymphatic drainage area, intrahepatic recurrence, and the other distant metastasis.Results： The median follow-up time is 34 months (IQR: 11-64). The median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 48.8 months and 53.7 months, respectively. Through univariate analysis, risk factors for DFS and OS include tumor markers (CA199 and CEA), hepatic invasion, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, TNM staging and tumor differentiation. Through multivariate analysis, risk factors for DFS include hepatic invasion and TNM staging, and for OS is TNM staging only. Of the 40 cases with specific recurrence sites, 29 patients (29/40, 72.5%) had recurrence in the potential target volume of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) which include tumor bed and corresponding lymphatic drainage area. The common recurrent lymph node group included abdominal para-aortic lymph node (No.16, 15/29), hepatoduodenal ligament lymph node (No.12, 8/29), retro-pancreatic head lymph node (No.13, 7/29) and celiac axis lymph node (No.9, 4/29). Twenty cases with recurrences inside the potential PORT target volume were accompanied by distant metastasis, another 11 cases had distant metastasis alone, so totally 31 cases developed distant metastasis (31/40, 77.5%). Of the 31 cases with distant metastases, 18 cases had hepatic metastases.Conclusion： The recurrence and metastasis rates are high in GBC and adjuvant therapy is needed. Up to 75% of the recurrent cases occurred in the potential target volume of postoperative radiotherapy, suggesting that postoperative radiotherapy has the possible value of improving local-regional control. The potential target volume of radiotherapy should include the tumor bed, No.9, No.11, No.12, No.13, No.14, No. 16a2, No. 16b1 lymph node groups.
Arsenic Trioxide Increases Apoptosis of SK-N-BE (2) Cells Partially by Inducing GPX4-mediated Ferroptosis
Authors: Feng Chuchu , Wu Yu , Chen Yantao , Xiong Xilin , Li Peng , Peng Xiaomin , Li Choumou , Weng Wenjun , Zhu Yafeng , Zhou Dunhua , Li Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor in central nervous system threatening children’s health with limited therapeutic options. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been identified the cytotoxicity in NB cells but the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we attempted to obtain some insight into the mechanisms of cell death induced by ATO in NB cells using proteomic technology. Proteomic analyses found that ATO can affect the signaling pathway associated with ferroptosis, including the upregulation of iron absorption (FTL, FTH1, HO-1), ferritinophagy (LC3, P62, ATG7, NCOA4) and modifier of glutathione synthesis (GCLM); downregulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) and GPX4, which was the critical inhibitor of ferroptosis. Western blot analysis revealing GPX4 expression in SK-N-BE (2) cells decreased after treatment with ATO (7.3 μM), resulting in a loss of GPX4 activity. Our study revealed that ATO may induce ferroptosis in neuroblastoma cell SK-N-BE (2) by facilitating the downregulation of GPX4, ultimately resulting in iron-dependent oxidative death.