bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of hikikomori among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective online survey
Authors: Kubo Hiroaki , Katsuki Ryoko , Horie Kazumasa , Yamakawa Itsuki , Tateno Masaru , Shinfuku Naotaka , Sartorius Norman , Sakamoto Shinji , Kato Takahiro A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has forced people to restrict their outings. In Japan, self-restraint behavior (SRB) has been requested by the government, and some of those decreasing their outings may shift to pathological social withdrawal; hikikomori. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors of hikikomori conducting an online prospective survey. An online survey was conducted in June 2020 and December 2020; (1) SRB-related indicators (degree of SRB, motivation for SRB, stigma and self-stigma toward COVID-19, anxiety and depressive feelings toward COVID-19) and (2) general mental health (hikikomori tendency, depressive symptoms, modern type depression (MTD) tendency, internet addiction) were collected. A cross-lagged effects model was performed to examine the association between these variables. Lack of emotional support and lack of socialization in June 2020 increased isolation in December 2020. Besides, MTD and hikikomori interacted with each other. Interestingly, although hikikomori tendency increased depressive tendencies, SRB itself did not have a significant path on any mental health-related variables. Poor interpersonal relationships, rather than SRB per se, are suggested to be a risk factor for increased isolation among office workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate early interventions such as interpersonal or emotional support may prevent the transition to pathological hikikomori. The association between MTD and hikikomori seems to reveal the interesting possibility that MTD is a gateway to increased risk of hikikomori, and that hikikomori is a gateway to MTD as well. Future research is required to elucidate the relationship between hikikomori and MTD.
MCred: multi-modal message credibility for fake news detection using BERT and CNN
Authors: Verma Pawan Kumar , Agrawal Prateek , Madaan Vishu , Prodan Radu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOnline social media enables low cost, easy access, rapid propagation, and easy communication of information, including spreading low-quality fake news. Fake news has become a huge threat to every sector in society, and resulting in decrements in the trust quotient for media and leading the audience into bewilderment. In this paper, we proposed a new framework calledMessageCredibility (MCred) for fake news detection that utilizes the benefits of local and global text semantics. This framework is the fusion of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) using the relationship between words in sentences for global text semantics, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) using N-gram features for local text semantics. We demonstrate through experimental results a popular Kaggle dataset that MCred improves the accuracy over a state-of-the-art model by 1.10% thanks to its combination of local and global text semantics.
Acoustic pre-design studies of ducted fans for small aircraft
Authors: Koppelberg Jan , Weintraub Daniel , Jeschke Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis publication presents an analytical method for the aerodynamic and acoustic pre-design of ducted fans for small aircraft. Based on studies of the primary design variables, the paper discusses the physical sound generation phenomena, as well as the interdisciplinary relationships of ducted fan design. First, the fan design and analysis methods are described. On the basis of an aerodynamic mean line method, the radial distribution of the flow velocities is used to determine the steady blade flow. Unsteady aerodynamic excitations are calculated by means of Sears’ blade response function. To determine the generation and propagation of sound within the ducted fan, Goldstein’s acoustic analogy is solved analytically. The methods are applied to a reference case, for which studies show that ducted fans offer significant potential in reducing sound emission, compared to free propellers. Since the rotor-alone noise of subsonic ducted fans is always cut-off, tonal sound is predominantly excited by rotor–stator interactions. These sources can be significantly reduced by a proper selection of the rotor blade and stator vane numbers, as well as optimal lean and sweep of the stator vanes. Large diameters and axial gaps are acoustically advantageous, but reduce fan stage efficiency and increase nacelle drag due to large wetted areas, especially at cruise. As a result, the importance of considering these complex interdependencies in a comprehensive design approach is shown. The pre-design method presented can be used to determine an optimal ducted fan design, taking into account interdisciplinary trade-offs, with an emphasis on noise. Analysis of the ducted fan concept shows that the ducted fan can be a promising alternative to the free propeller, especially if low noise emission is required.
Buckling Resistance of Axially Loaded Cold-Formed Steel Compound Sections: Numerical Simulation and Assessment of Codified Design Approach
Authors: Wu Jing-Ren , Di Sarno Luigi , Hesketh Steve , Phan Nigel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe practical application of cold-formed high strength steel is becoming increasingly popular in structural engineering due to its great efficiency and cost effectiveness. However, cold-formed steel sections are usually associated with high slenderness, hence are susceptible to buckling failure. Consequently, the buckling resistance of steel struts made of cold-formed high strength steel must be determined with carefulness, particularly for complex compound sections. To this end, the present paper aims at investigating the behaviour of back-to-back channel sections made of S700 steel with a characteristic yield strength of 700 MPa. Compressive tests on such members are conducted for the purpose of validating the finite element models. Subsequently, a numerical parametric analysis is carried out on the buckling resistance of axially loaded cold-formed steel back-to-back channel sections, using the previously validated numerical modelling approach. In particular, the effects of stiffeners and number of bolts on the buckling resistance are investigated. Furthermore, the results of the parametric analysis are also compared with the codified buckling resistance determined based on the effective width method adopted in Eurocode 3 Part 1–3, in order to evaluate the reliability of the standardised design method for buckling resistance.
Vertebrobasilar artery elongation in migraine—a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Hensel Ole , Burow Philipp , Kraya Torsten , Stoevesandt Dietrich , Naegel Steffen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Numerous but inconclusive findings have sparked an ongoing debate about whether the arteries of migraine patients undergo vascular alterations. The outlet angle of the superior cerebellar artery (SUCA) and the lateral displacement of basilar arteries are good surrogate parameters for determining elongation of the vertebrobasilar arteries.

Methods
We retrospectively determined the SUCA outlet angle and the lateral displacement of the basilar artery in 63 patients with migraine (30.6 ± 8.9 years, 84% women, 16% chronic migraine, 60% migraine with aura) and compared these with 126 age- and sex-matched control subjects.

Results
In patients with migraine, the SUCA outlet angle was lower (159 ± 26° vs. 169 ± 29°, p = 0.020) and the lateral displacement of the basilar artery was greater (3.7 ± 2.7 mm vs. 2.8 ± 2.4 mm, p = 0.020) than in the control subjects. Age, gender, migraine characteristics and presence of any cardiovascular risk factors did not affect the SUCA outlet angle or lateral displacement of the basilar artery.

Conclusion
Migraine patients exhibited a lower SUCA outlet angle and greater lateral displacement of the basilar arteries. Both may be attributable to the elongation of the vertebrobasilar arteries, which is an indication of arterial wall pathology in migraine.
Parental marital relationship satisfaction is associated with glycemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Loomba Lindsey A. , Lansing Amy Hughes , Cortez Justine N. , Welch Kearnan , Solowiejczyk Joe N. , Ghetti Simona , Styne Dennis M. , Glaser Nicole S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
We hypothesized that glycemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes are linked to marital satisfaction of primary caregivers above and beyond parent neuroticism and child effortful control.

Methods
We evaluated a cross-sectional sample of 73 married parent families with a child (ages 7–18 years) with type 1 diabetes of at least 2 years duration. We assessed marital relationship satisfaction, parent neuroticism, and child effortful control through the use of validated questionnaires. We used univariate comparisons and multivariable models to determine whether marital relationship satisfaction was associated with hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and whether this association persisted after adjusting for demographic factors and parent neuroticism/child effortful control.

Results
In univariate analyses, HbA1c was associated with marital relationship satisfaction of the primary caregiver. In multivariable models adjusting for demographic factors, marital satisfaction remained associated with HbA1c, whereas none of the other factors tested (including family income and race/ethnicity) retained significance. In univariate analyses, child effortful control was also associated with HbA1c. When child effortful control was added to the multivariable model, marital satisfaction remained associated with HbA1c with similar coefficient and confidence intervals describing the relationship between marital satisfaction and hemoglobin A1c.

Conclusions
Higher levels of marital satisfaction of the primary diabetes caregiver are associated with glycemic outcomes for children with type 1 diabetes. Interventions to improve spousal relationships may have downstream benefits that could include promoting more optimal child HbA1c levels.
The role of seaweed extract on improvement drought tolerance of wheat revealed by osmoprotectants and DNA (cpDNA) markers
Authors: Ali Afaf H. , Said Eglal M. , Abdelgawad Zinab A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrought stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting adversely plant growth, crop production, and various metabolic processes. Using seaweed extract in mitigating water stress adverse effects is highly important for plant production. The present study discussed the physiological role of seaweed extract (Sargassum denticulatum) in improving wheat tolerance to water stress.Water stress (40% of field capacity) caused significant decreases in wheat plant growth parameters (shoot height, fresh, and dry weights of the shoot) as well as with significant decreases in chlorophyll content and starch. Total soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, and phenolic compounds contents increased in stressed wheat plants irrigated every three weeks compared with control plants. The foliar application of seaweed extract 2% enhanced all growth and yield parameters and more accumulation of the organic solutes in leaves of water-stressed plants. These increases correlated with significant increases in total phenolic contents as compared with control plants. The trnL intron and psbA-trnH intergenic regions of cpDNA were amplified from extracted total genomic DNA. The results indicated that the variation among psbA-trnH intergenic region was more than trnL intron region to distinct the variation of wheat treatments as responsible to water deficit.Foliar spray of seaweeds extract was effective in improving wheat performance by enhancing compatible osmolytes, antioxidant compounds and enhancing variation among non-coding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions trnL intron and psbA-tnH as a response to water deficit.
Networks of inflammation, depression, and cognition in aging males and females
Authors: Chalmers Rebecca A. , Cervin Matti , Choo Carol , Baune Bernhard T. , Trollor Julian N. , Numbers Katya , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry , Kochan Nicole A. , Medvedev Oleg N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Prioritizing the maintenance of healthy cognitive aging and personalizing preventive interventions to enhance their effectiveness is crucial as the global population ages. Systemic inflammation and depression in older people have been associated with decreased levels of cognition but results have been inconsistent.

Aims
To explore the interactive network of inflammation, depression and cognition by sex in older people.

Methods
We used novel network analysis to explore the unique associations between inflammatory biomarkers, depression, cognition, and somatic, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors in an older (aged 70–90 years), non-demented, community-dwelling sample from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Aging Study (N = 916) at baseline and at a two-year follow-up.

Results
The networks of biomarkers, depression, cognition, and relevant covariates were significantly different between males and females. A stable negative link between depression and cognition was found in females only; a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-6 and depression was found in females only; and a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-8 and alcohol was found in females only. For both males and females, a stable, positive relationship was found between the presence of APOE-ε4 gene and biomarker C-reactive protein; between education and cognition; and between biomarker interleukin-6 and all other biomarkers.

Conclusions
These findings suggest different psychophysiological mechanisms underlie the interactive network of biomarkers, depression and cognition in males and females that should be considered when designing personalized preventive interventions to maintain cognitively healthy aging.
A Risk Estimation Mechanism for Android Apps based on Hybrid Analysis
Authors: Son Ha Xuan , Carminati Barbara , Ferrari Elena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMobile apps represent essential tools in our daily routines, supporting us in almost every task. However, this assistance might imply a high cost in terms of privacy. Indeed, mobile apps gather a massive amount of data about individuals (e.g., users’ profiles and habits) and their devices (e.g., locations), where not all are strictly needed for app execution. According to privacy laws, apps’ providers must inform end-users on adopted data usage practices (e.g., which data are collected and for which purpose). Unfortunately, understanding these practices is a complex task for average end-users. The result is that they install apps without understanding their privacy implications. To support users in making more privacy-aware decisions on app usage, we propose a risk estimation approach based on an analysis of the app’s code. This analysis adopts a hybrid strategy, exploiting static and dynamic code analyses. Static analysis aims at discovering which personal data an app is collecting to determine whether the target app is asking more than required. This gives the first estimation of the app’s risk level. In addition, we also perform a dynamic analysis of the target app’s code. This further analysis helps determining whether the collected personal data is consumed locally on the mobile device or sent out to external services. If this happens, the risk level has to be increased, as personal data are more exposed. To prove the proposal’s effectiveness, we run several experiments involving different groups of participants. The obtained accuracy results are promising and outperform those obtained with static analysis only.
Bargaining, Fairness and Conflict
Authors: Holt Charles A. , Sieberg Katri K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A central issue in behavioral economics is the role of fairness, and whether it is hard-wired or acquired as a result of self-interested considerations. Binmore (Crooked thinking or straight talk: Modernizing epicurean scientific philosophy, Springer, 2020) has recently argued that fairness does not always occur, and when it does, it is caused by self-interest. The ultimatum game is well known for the sharp divergence of experimental data from theoretical predictions based on self-interest. Proposers frequently offer ‘fair’ shares of a fixed “pie” of potential earnings, and unfair offers are often rejected, which results in zero earnings for both bargainers. Slight modifications of the ultimatum game, however, can add a more realistic context for some applications, and the resulting gamesman-like behavior can yield results closer to theoretical predictions. This paper reports an experiment based on a modified ultimatum game in which rejection results in a costly conflict with a stochastic outcome. We observe gamesman-like offer behavior, especially after role reversal and learning. Conflict adds an element of competition and seems to play a role in teaching subjects what offers are appropriate—often moving demands away from fair divisions towards the game-theoretic predictions.
Experimental Investigation of Flow Separation Control over Airfoil by Upper Surface Flap with a Gap
Authors: Hao Lishu , Gao Yongwei , Wei Binbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper focused on the effects of the flap with a tiny gap on the flow separation over the NPU-WA-180 airfoil. The effects of the geometric parameters of the flaps, such as the flap gap height, angle, and position, were investigated. The study showed that the flap can significantly improve the stall features of airfoil in a limited phase of angle of attack (AoA), and increase lift and reduce drag at a high AoA. It can increase the lift coefficient and drag coefficient in the case of high AoAs, and the angle range of the lift augmentation and drag reduction can reach more than 9°. Furthermore, an excessively large gap is not conducive to the improvement of the airfoil stall performance. The flap angle plays a key role in the airfoil stall characteristic. As the flap angle decreases, the angle range of improving airfoil stall characteristics becomes larger, the pitching moment increment becomes smaller. However, the maximum lift increment and the effect of the drag reduction will decrease. And the effects of the position of the flap on the airfoil performance were also studied. Considering the maximum lift coefficient and drag coefficients in large AoA, the Type1 installed at the 0.7c position has the best effect; from the perspective of delayed stall, the Type1 installed at the 0.6c position has the best delay effect. These results can provide the data and theoretical support for the flap application in engineering.
On the Sensitivity Analysis of Mode-Localized Sensors Based on Weakly Coupled Resonators
Authors: Xiong Liuyang , Tang Lihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose: This work investigates the mode veering and mode localization behavior of a coupled micro-cantilever system with mass disturbances. A new sensitivity metric is defined based on the difference between the absolute values of amplitude ratios for mass sensing in mode-localized sensors.Methods: Numerical and finite element method (FEM) analyses are conducted to validate the corresponding analytical results for the undamped modal analysis. In addition, the derived sensitivity is also verified by the FEM result of the damped harmonic responses. Finally, an experimental study is conducted to qualitatively validate the theoretical and numerical results.Results: The derived sensitivity shows a good agreement with the numerical and FEM results for the modal analysis and damped harmonic responses. The experimental results show the same trend observed in the theoretical and finite element results. The derived sensitivity possesses a superior linearity in the full disturbance range with high precision. The influence of the damping and coupling factor on the resolution of mass sensing is also unveiled.Conclusions: The superior linearity and effectiveness of the proposed sensitivity metric is confirmed, which has a full scope of application and high precision compared to the conventional sensitivities. The derived sensitivity is proved to be applicable for the damped harmonic response analysis as well. This work also reveals that there is a trade-off between the sensitivity and resolution when selecting the coupling factor.
The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology
Authors: Davies Theophilus C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe termdiseases of unknown aetiology(DUA) oridiopathic diseasesis used to describe diseases that are of uncertain or unknown cause or origin. Among plausible geoenvironmental co-factors in causation of DUA, this article focusses on the entry of trace elements, including metals and metalloids into humans, and their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses, representing potentially toxic agents with implications as co-factors for certain DUA. Several trace elements/metals/metalloids (micronutrients) play vital roles as co-factors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules, thus, conferring protection against disease. However, inborn errors of trace element/metal/metalloid metabolisms can occur to produce toxicity, such as when there are basic defects in the element transport mechanism. Ultimately, it is the amount of trace element, metal or metalloid that is taken up, its mode of accumulation in human tissues, and related geomedical attributes such as the chemical form and bioavailability that decisively determine whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. Several case descriptions of DUA that are common worldwide are given to illustrate our knowledge so far of how trace element/metal/metalloid interactions in theimmune systemmay engender its dysregulation and be implicated as causal co-factors of DUA.Article highlightsThe importance of a proper understanding of geochemical perturbations in human metabolisms is emphasisedIt is proferred that such an understanding would aid greatly in the decipherment of diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA)The thesis presented may pave the way towards better diagnosis and therapy of DUA
Energy transition toward carbon-neutrality in China: Pathways, implications and uncertainties
Authors: Yang Yong , Wang Hui , Löschel Andreas , Zhou Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAchieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060 requires a radical energy transition. To identify the possible transition pathways of China’s energy system, this study presents a scenario-based assessment using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model. China could peak the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions before 2030 with current policies, while carbon neutrality entails a reduction of 7.8 Gt CO2 in emissions in 2060 and requires an energy system overhaul. The assessment of the relationship between the energy transition and energy return on investment (EROI) reveals that energy transition may decrease the EROI, which would trigger increased energy investment, energy demand, and emissions. Uncertainty analysis further shows that the slow renewable energy integration policies and carbon capture and storage (CCS) penetration pace could hinder the emission mitigation, and the possible fossil fuel shortage calls for a much rapid proliferation of wind and solar power. Results suggest a continuation of the current preferential policies for renewables and further research and development on deployment of CCS. The results also indicate the need for backup capacities to enhance the energy security during the transition.