bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of deep eutectic solvents in the production of cellulose nanomaterials from biomass
Authors: Jančíková Veronika , Jablonský Michal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the demand for environment-friendly products has been on an increasing trend among researchers and industry for sustainable development. Deep eutectic solvents are green solvents which, due to their properties (biodegradability, recyclability, low cost, availability, easy preparation, low toxicity, chemical and thermal stability), can be used in various fields such as polymer chemistry, which includes nanocellulose isolation and polysaccharides processing. Several studies have illustrated the effectiveness of using deep eutectic solvents instead of the conventional reaction system to produce and disperse nanomaterials. This work summarizes the use of deep eutectic solvents in the isolation of cellulosic nanomaterials from different types of biomass. Deep eutectic solvents demonstrate high effectiveness in swelling lignocellulosic biomass and producing cellulose nanomaterials. Overall, deep eutectics solvents represent an innovative and effective pretreatment process for the fractionation of raw cellulose-containing fibres to promote subsequent isolation of nanomaterials made from cellulose.
A Hyper-Heuristic for the Preemptive Single Machine Scheduling Problem to Minimize the Total Weighted Tardiness
Authors: Romanuke Vadim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A problem of minimizing the total weighted tardiness in the preemptive single machine scheduling for discrete manufacturing is considered. A hyper-heuristic is presented, which is composed of 24 various heuristics, to find an approximately optimal schedule whenever finding the exact solution is practically intractable. The three heuristics are based on the well-known rules, whereas the 21 heuristics are introduced first. Therefore, the hyper-heuristic selects the best heuristic schedule among 24 schedule versions, whose total weighted tardiness is minimal. Each of the 24 heuristics can solely produce a schedule which is the best one for a given scheduling problem. Despite the percentage of zero gap instances decreases as the greater number of jobs is scheduled, the average and maximal gaps decrease as well. In particular, the percentage is not less than 80 % when up to 10 jobs are scheduled. The average gap calculated over nonzero gaps does not exceed 4 % in the case of scheduling 7 jobs. When manufacturing consists of hundreds of jobs, the hyper-heuristic is made an online scheduling algorithm by applying it only to a starting part of the manufacturing process.
Fractional Differential Equations in the Model of Vocational Education and Teaching Practice Environment
Authors: Wang Qiong , Muttar Ahmed Kh. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article introduces the development history of fractional calculus and expounds on the positive significance of fractional calculus in integrating higher mathematics teaching. The author introduces an ordinary differential equation model case appropriately. In this way, ordinary differential equations play an important role in improving college students’ mathematical thinking ability and mathematical application ability.
How Can Hybrid Materials Enable a Circular Economy?
Authors: Wacławek Stanisław , Fijalkowski Mateusz , Bardos Paul , Kočí Jan , Scholz Sebastian , Hirsch Patrick , Domann Gerhard , Černík Miroslav 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Climate change, critical material shortages and environmental degradation pose an existential threat to the entire world. Immediate action is needed to transform the global economy towards a more circular economy with less intensive use of fossil energy and limited resources and more use of recyclable materials. Recyclable materials and manufacturing techniques will play a critical role in this transformation. Substantial advancements will be needed to achieve a more intelligent materials design to enhance both functionality and enhanced sustainability. The development of hybrid materials combining functionality at macro and nano scales based on organic and inorganic compounds, that are entirely recyclable could be used for tremendous applications. In this mini-review, we provide the reader with recent innovations on hybrid materials for application in water, energy and raw materials sectors. The topic is very modern and after its deep study we propose a creation an international research centre, that would combine the development of hybrid materials with green manufacturing. We have highlighted a framework that would comprise critical themes of the initial research needed. Such a centre would promote sustainable production of materials through intelligent hybridisation and eco-efficient, digital manufacturing and enable a circular economy in the long term. Such activities are strongly supported by current environmental and economical initiatives, like the Green Deal, REPower EU and digital EU initiatives.
Impact of reconfiguration on the flow downstream of a flexible foliated plant
Authors: Maio Marco , Marini Gustavo , Fontana Nicola , Gualtieri Paola , Caroppi Gerardo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the impacts of reconfiguration and leaf morphology on the flow downstream of a flexible foliated plant. 3D acoustic Doppler velocimetry and particle image velocimetry were used to experimentally investigate the hydrodynamic interaction between a foliated plant and the flow, testing two plants with different leaves morphology under different bulk flow velocities. The model vegetation was representative of riparian vegetation species in terms of plants hydrodynamic behavior and leaf to stem area ratio. To explore the effects of the seasonal variability of vegetation on the flow structure, leafless conditions were tested. Reconfiguration resulted in a decrease of the frontal projected area of the plants up to the 80% relative to the undeformed value. Such changes in plant frontal area markedly affected the spatial distributions of mean velocity and turbulence intensities, altering the local exchanges of momentum. At increasing reconfiguration, the different plant morphology influenced the mean and turbulent wake width. The leafless stem exhibited a rigid behavior, with the flow in the wake being comparable to that downstream of a rigid cylinder. The study revealed that the flexibility-induced reconfiguration of plants can markedly affect the local distribution of flow properties in the wake, potentially affecting transport processes at the scale of the plant and its subparts.
Evaluation of the polarity effect of Roos parallel plate ionization chamber in build-up region
Authors: Al-Aghbari Arwa Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Despite widespread studying of the polarity effect of Roos parallel plate ion chamber in electron beams as mentioned in several protocols, no investigations have up till now studied this effect in photon beams in the build-up region. It is important to examine its polarity effect in the build-up region for photon beams, so this is the first work that focuses in to evaluate the polarity effect of the Roos chamber in the surface and build-up region and comparing its effect with other chambers.

Methods: In this study, the Roos chamber was irradiated by a Theratron 780E 60Co beam to a known polarity effect. The Polarity effects of 5×5 up to 35×35 cm2 field sizes at positive and negative polarizing voltages were measured in the build-up region from surface to 0.7 cm in a solid water phantom.

Results: The polarity ratios (PRs) were obtained at 1.020 ± 0.00 and 1.015 ± 0.00 for field sizes 5 × 5 up to 35 × 35 cm2, respectively. For the same fields, the percentage of polarity effects (%PEs) was obtained at 1.99% ± 0.00% and 1.47% ± 0.02%, respectively. The results found that the %PEs decrease with increased field sizes and depths. Moreover, the %PEs exhibited a decrease with an increased percentage surface dose (%SD). The uncertainty of %PE was estimated as 0.01% for all measurements in this study.

Conclusions: As a result, the average %PE of the Roos chamber described here is equal to 0.756% ± 0.013% for all depths and field sizes for the 60Co γ-ray beam. It has introduced a less percentage of polarity effect than other chambers.
Liberalisation and spatio- temporal patterns of air traffic flow from Nigeria to West Africa
Authors: Oluwakoya Adeniyi Olufemi , Ajayi Dickson Dare 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe liberalisation of aviation policies across Africa has had a significant impact on air traffic flow within the region. This study aims to examine the effects of this policy, with a specific focus on Nigeria’s regional connectivity to other West African countries. By analyzing data from the pre and post-liberalisation eras, the study aims to determine the changes in passenger and aircraft movement and evaluate the significance of the policy on Nigeria’s sub-region.The study utilizes a longitudinal data set covering the period between 1988 and 2018. This data is divided into two eras: the pre-liberalisation era (1988-2000) and the post-liberalisation era (2001-2018). To assess the impact of liberalisation, a t-test is conducted on the data, comparing the air traffic flow patterns before and after the implementation of liberalisation policies.The findings reveal a substantial improvement in the air traffic flow of passengers and aircraft from Nigeria to other West African countries since the introduction of liberalisation policies. The growth patterns observed in the post-liberalisation era exhibit a linear trend, indicating sustained progress. However, uncertainties arising from hazards in air transport operations can influence the growth patterns.The study underscores the positive impact of African aviation liberalisation policy on air traffic flow, particularly in the regional context of Nigeria’s connectivity with other West African countries.The results demonstrate significant improvements in passenger and aircraft movement. However, to fully capitalize on the benefits of liberalisation, regional efforts and an improved framework need to be intensified. This will ensure sustained growth and maximize the advantages of liberalisation in the aviation sector.
The 19552 Steel Forging Die Surface Layers Strenghtening
Authors: Bílik Jozef , Šuba Roland 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper briefly describes factors influencing the effectivity of forgings production. It focuses on lifetime of forging dies and possibilities of surface layers mechanical strengthening application. Included are also the results of experiments in the area of surface layer strengthening of forging die tool steels by shot peening. The article presents the results obtained on the basis of monitoring the influence of the initial hardness on the surface roughness after shot peening and on the course of hardness in the surface layer after shot peening. The results of the experiments confirmed the beneficial effect of mechanical reinforcement (strengthening) on the final properties of surface layer.
Sustainability Aspects of Parts Additive Manufacturing from Metal Powder
Authors: Šuba Roland 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent times, demand for sustainable products and systems keeps increasing. It is guided by need for reduction of energy and material consumption. Powder metallurgy (PM) has generally lower energy consumption and higher material yield than other conventional processes, such as casting, forming and machining. Also some additive manufacturing (AM) techniques use metal powder as feedstock. In this paper, the energy consumption and material yield of AM techniques using metal powders are compared with conventional manufacturing.
Influential Aspects to Robotic Cell Energetic Efficiency: Overview
Authors: Bočák Róbert , Holubek Radovan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the input parameters that affect the resulting efficiency of a robotic workplace for industrial use. The aim of the investigation was to find which parameters most significantly affect cycle time and electricity consumption, and which way of movement is the most suitable for robotic operation. By finding the most suitable parameters, we obtain the information on how to build the most efficient robotic workplace. The investigation focused mainly on the energy consumption and layout of the robotic work cells components that significantly affect the cycle time and potentially save electric energy.
A Brief Survey of Creating a Digital Twin Architecture for Virtual Commissioning on the Machine Level
Authors: Kopček Michal , Križanová Gabriela , Ružarovský Roman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Digitalization is a hot topic today in every business, affecting the whole life cycle of a process or a product. This paper focuses on the design phase of automation systems, especially creating a digital twin of a machine to support the software development of the control system and its virtual commissioning. Different simulation model architectures are introduced, as well as specific use-case. The main objective of this paper is to present three basic types of digital twin architectures for virtual commissioning of production devices and systems. These architectures were investigated and built based on predefined requirements. Collaborative project work for the development of the digital twin and efficiency was defined as one of the requirements. Efficiency is required due to the software and hardware used for the digital twin. Architectures such as centralized, basic distributed and completely distributed were introduced in the paper. Based on the results from observation and testing, the authors recommend using the concept of completely distributed architecture of the digital twin based on the defined requirements. This digital twin architecture separates mechanical engineering and automation engineering with respect to PC stations. Nevertheless, it interconnects them using the standard machine-to-machine software and communication interfaces.
Analysis of Heat Pumps Efficiency in Selected Locations – A Case Study
Authors: Ołtarzewska Agata , Krawczyk Dorota Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heat pumps are increasingly popular in individual buildings and could help to meet expectations of ambitious energy-environmental European goals until 2050. This paper presents the results of energy simulations conducted in TRNSYS for a single-family building depending on its location in selected European cities. For each city, air source heat pump (ASHP) was considered as an energy source for heating and cooling the building, and then an economic analysis was carried out including investment costs of air source heat pump and a comparison of operating costs of ASHP with other alternatives (i.e. gas boiler, oil boiler, or air conditioners). The results of the simulations showed that with the current energy prices the use of air source heat pumps is the most beneficial in temperate warm transitional climate (Krakow). It was also indicated that the implementation of special tariffs (reduced prices) for electricity that supplies renewable energy devices would make heat pumps unmatched as a source of heating and cooling in the residential sector.
Affordability Crisis and Gentrification in FDI Export-Led Economies: Prices in the Demanddriven Housing Market of Cluj-Napoca
Authors: Petrovici Norbert , Bejinariu Vlad , Marţiş Diana , Aluaş Vlad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the rapid increase of prices in the residential sector of Cluj-Napoca in the context of the housing affordability crisis (Wetzstein, 2017). By using insight from the Growth Regimes literature, we look at the internal demand as a main driver of rapid price rise. As Kohl and Spielau (2018) argue, the monetary conditions needed for export-led growth regimes are restricting the outputs of the construction sector, creating under-supplied, demand-driven housing markets. We propose three alternative hypotheses regarding the major agent driving the prices within the city as major source of demand: the employees in knowledge-intensive services, the diffuse regional savings of employees in search for some yields, the specialized real estate investors. We use OLS and spatial regression (lag and error) to model the price per square meter using the social composition of the neighbourhoods, the within and out-of-town origin of investors, and the source of money (bank loans vs. cash payment) to demonstrate that the existing crisis is driven by the middle class’s savings that also benefits from gentrification, while speculative investments in the housing markets are rather limited.
Furthering Social Justice for Disabled People. A Framework Based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach
Authors: Bajmócy Zoltán , Mihók Barbara , Gébert Judit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Understanding disability as a social phenomenon opened up the way for disability studies and social justice theories to mutually benefit from each other. One of the most significant recent advancements in the field of social justice has been the capability approach (CA) of Amartya Sen. The present paper builds on the CA to analyse disability form a social justice perspective. We argue that the CA provides several advantages when conceptualizing disability and furthering justice for disabled people. The objective of the paper is to develop a framework for analysis on the basis of the CA and to apply it through the case of D/deaf and hardof- hearing children and their carers in Szeged, Hungary. We demonstrate that the advancement of justice occurs through the scrutiny and comparison of feasible alternatives instead of arguing for principles or institutional guarantees of perfectly just societies.
Bibliometric Analysis of Indian Journal of Palliative Care from 1995 to 2022 using the VOSviewer and Bibliometrix Software
Authors: Srivastava Rajashree , Srivastava Shikha 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The Indian Journal of Palliative Care (IJPC) is an open-source, interdisciplinary and peer-reviewed journal started in 1994 that publishes high-quality articles in the field of palliative care in India. The purpose of this study is to analyse the bibliometric data of its publications using bibliometric analysis to understand the key bibliometric factors affecting the journal and its contribution to the field of palliative care research.

Material and Methods:
A software-assisted bibliometric analysis of the IJPC was conducted. The dimensions database was used to mine the bibliometric data of the journal from 1995 to 2022. A total of 1046 records were analysed using the VOSviewer and Biblioshiny by Bibliometrix software.

Results:
The analysis represented a vivid and graphically elaborate picture of the journal. It gives insight into the most productive and influential authors, countries, affiliations, sources and documents along with a picture of the network among them.

Conclusion:
This study highlights a gradual upward trend in the annual production of the journal. A strong connection of the IJPC could be seen with leading journals publishing in the field of palliative care globally.
Risk factors associated with the severity of pneumonia in a cohort of hospitalized children in a rural setting
Authors: Barday Mohammed Mikhail , Slogrove Amy Louise , Engelbrecht Arnoldus Lourens 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Pneumonia remains a leading cause of death in South African children under 5 years of age. Known risk factors for pneumonia have been the focus of public health strategies to mitigate disease. This study aimed to determine whether adverse household environmental factors were associated with severe compared to non-severe pneumonia in children admitted to Worcester Provincial Hospital (WPH), South Africa.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a case–control study at WPH from January 1st to December 31st, 2019, including children aged 0–59 months admitted with pneumonia. Using the WHO definition, children were categorized as having severe or non-severe pneumonia. Structured interviews with consenting primary caregivers were conducted in both groups on weekdays throughout the year to collect demographic, social, maternal, infant, and household factors. We compared the odds of adverse household environmental factors including tobacco smoke exposure, indoor smoke exposure, and overcrowding in children with severe compared to non-severe pneumonia.

Results:
A total of 305 children were included, 134 (43.9%) cases with severe pneumonia and 171 (56.1%) controls with non-severe pneumonia. Baseline characteristics of children, including age (median 6.9 months; IQR 2.5–17.5), appropriate nutritional status (81.6%; n = 249), and HIV unexposed and uninfected status (81.3%; n = 248), were similar between groups. Caregiver characteristics, including age (median 28 years; IQR 23–33), secondary schooling (71.2%, n = 217), and HIV negative status (81%, n = 247), were also comparable between groups. There was no association in univariable or multivariable analysis between severe pneumonia and adverse household environmental factors including tobacco smoke exposure (aOR 0.73; 95% CI 0.44–1.21), overcrowding (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39–1.08), and indoor smoke exposure (aOR 2.85; 95% CI 0.89–9.09). However, children with severe pneumonia had at least 5 times greater odds (aOR 5.42; 95% CI 1.10–26.65) of living in a household with a pit latrine toilet compared to any other toilet than children with non-severe pneumonia.

Conclusion:
Few factors were found to be associated with pneumonia severity, except for living in a household with a pit latrine toilet. This may represent socioeconomic vulnerability and the risk associated with developing severe pneumonia.
Non-operative treatment for low back pain: A review of evidence and recommendations
Authors: GARG BHAVUK , GEORGE JAIBEN , MEHTA NISHANK 
Published: August 2022

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a healthcare problem with high global prevalence, with non-operative management being the first line of treatment in the majority of patients. This literature review summarizes the current evidence for various modalities of non-operative treatment for LBP.

Methods
We did a literature search to elicit high-quality evidence for non-operative treatment modalities for LBP, including Cochrane Database reviews and systematic reviews or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Only when these were not available for a particular treatment modality, other level 1 studies were included. The quality of evidence was categorized in accordance with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) method—a globally adopted tool for grading the quality of evidence and making treatment recommendations.

Results
The treatment modalities that were reviewed included: general measures, medications/pharmacotherapy, exercises, electromagnetic therapies, alternative treatment modalities and interventional therapies. We found that high-quality evidence is lacking for most non-operative treatment modalities for LBP. The majority of interventions have small benefits or are similar to placebo.

Conclusion
The current evidence for non-operative treatment modalities for LBP is insufficient to draw conclusions or make recommendations to clinicians. High-quality trials are required before widespread use of any treatment modality. Considering that non-operative treatment is usually the first line of therapy for most patients with LBP, it deserves to be the focus of future research in spinal disorders.