bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-Level Health Interventions are Crucial in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Lessons from Africa’s Proactive Public Health Policy Interventions
Authors: Ahen Frederick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMeasured against the gloomy pre-COVID-19 predictions, Africa has fared far better than most regions in managing the pandemic. This much, however, has received less attention. This paper answers the question: how have the new rituals of self determination in public health affected the successful management of COVID-19 in Africa, and how can the continent and the rest of the world build on such models/lessons in the post-pandemic era? I employ emancipatory theorising in reviewing literature on approaches to governance of COVID-19. The rationale is to empower the grassroots and to accentuate the urgency for a decolonized local ownership of the governance of all public health crises. I argue that while traditional international cooperation is necessary for additional resource and expertise from the global North for sustainable health, the political will of Southern governments remains fundamental for any extraordinary success due to its grassroots/community orientation towards non-pharmaceutical interventions and initial pre-emptive rituals. The novelty in this paper is that it lays bare the ignored African responses and lessons and reveals how to harness protective communitarian ethos in solving future crises. The paper further provides population health as an ‘immune system’ policy framework for explaining and predicting how a scientific and human-centrered grassroots leadership can yield optimal outcomes in any future crisis.
On partial likelihood and the construction of factorisable transformations
Authors: Battey H. S. , Cox D. R. , Lee Su Hyeong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModels whose associated likelihood functions fruitfully factorise are an important minority allowing elimination of nuisance parameters via partial likelihood, an operation that is valuable in both Bayesian and frequentist inferences, particularly when the number of nuisance parameters is not small. After some general discussion of partial likelihood, we focus on marginal likelihood factorisations, which are particularly difficult to ascertain from elementary calculations. We suggest a systematic approach for deducing transformations of the data, if they exist, whose marginal likelihood functions are free of the nuisance parameters. This is based on the solution to an integro-differential equation constructed from aspects of the Laplace transform of the probability density function, for which candidate solutions solve a simpler first-order linear homogeneous differential equation. The approach is generalised to the situation in which such factorisable structure is not exactly present. Examples are used in illustration. Although motivated by inferential problems in statistics, the proposed construction is of independent interest and may find application elsewhere.
Unravelling Hominin Activities in the Zooarchaeological Assemblage of Barranco León (Orce, Granada, Spain)
Authors: Yravedra José , Solano José Antonio , Herranz-Rodrigo Darío , Linares-Matás Gonzalo J. , Saarinen Juha , Rodríguez-Alba Juan José , Titton Stefanía , Serrano-Ramos Alexia , Courtenay Lloyd A. , Mielgo Clara , Luzón Carmen , Cámara José , Sánchez-Bandera Christian , Montilla Eva , Toro-Moyano Isidro , Barsky Deborah , Fortelius Mikael , Agusti Jordi , Blain Hugues-Alexandre , Oms Oriol , Jiménez-Arenas Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the subsistence practices of the first European settlers, mainly due to the shortage of archaeological sites in Europe older than a million years. This article contributes to the knowledge of the subsistence of the first Europeans with new zooarchaeology and taphonomic data from the Palaeolithic site of Barranco León (Orce, Granada, Spain). We present the results of the analysis of the faunal assemblages retrieved in the context of new excavations undertaken between 2016 and 2020. We have followed a standard methodology for the identification and quantification of species, mortality profiles, skeletal representation and taphonomic analysis. With regard to the taphonomic evidence, we have documented the extent of rounding, abrasion and other alterations. Finally, we examined traces from the activities of carnivores and hominins that led to the accumulation and alteration of the bone assemblages. Results indicate that the archaeo-paleontological deposits from Barranco León present a dual-patterned mixed taphonomic origin. The first phase primarily involved waterborne processes (BL-D1), which led to the accumulation of lithic raw materials, a few archaeological stone tools, and some faunal remains with percussion and cutmarks. The second phase (BL-D2) contains several stone tools associated with faunal remains with more anthropogenic alterations, such as cutmarks and percussion marks. After analysing the Barranco León zooarchaeological assemblage, the present study concludes that hominins had access to the meat and within-bone nutrients of animals of diverse sizes. However, the specific carcass acquisition mechanisms that hominins followed are less certain because the presence of tooth marks suggests that carnivores also played a role in the accumulation and modification of the Barranco León faunal assemblage.
Semantics modulo satisfiability with applications: function representation, probabilities and game theory
Authors: Preto Sandro Márcio da Silva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the context of propositional logics, we apply semantics modulo satisfiability—a restricted semantics which comprehends only valuations that satisfy some specific set of formulas—with the aim to efficiently solve some computational tasks. Three possible such applications are developed.We begin by studying the possibility of implicitly representing rational McNaughton functions in Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic through semantics modulo satisfiability. We theoretically investigate some approaches to such representation concept, called representation modulo satisfiability, and describe a polynomial algorithm that builds representations in the newly introduced system. An implementation of the algorithm, test results and ways to randomly generate rational McNaughton functions for testing are presented. Moreover, we propose an application of such representations to the formal verification of properties of neural networks by means of the reasoning framework of Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic.Then, we move to the investigation of the satisfiability of joint probabilistic assignments to formulas of Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic, which is known to be an NP-complete problem. We provide an exact decision algorithm derived from the combination of linear algebraic methods with semantics modulo satisfiability. Also, we provide an implementation for such algorithm for which the phenomenon of phase transition is empirically detected.Lastly, we study the game theory situation of observable games, which are games that are known to reach a Nash equilibrium, however, an external observer does not know what is the exact profile of actions that occur in a specific instance; thus, such observer assigns subjective probabilities to players actions. We study the decision problem of determining if a set of these probabilistic constraints is coherent by reducing it to the problems of satisfiability of probabilistic assignments to logical formulas both in Classical Propositional Logic and Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic depending on whether only pure equilibria or also mixed equilibria are allowed. Such reductions rely upon the properties of semantics modulo satisfiability. We provide complexity and algorithmic discussion for the coherence problem and, also, for the problem of computing maximal and minimal probabilistic constraints on actions that preserves coherence.Abstract prepared by Sandro Márcio da Silva Preto.E-mail: spreto@ime.usp.brURL:https://doi.org/10.11606/T.45.2021.tde-17062021-163257
Coronavirus Disease-2019 and Stroke: Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Small Coulter , Mehkri Yusuf , Panther Eric , Felisma Patrick , Lucke-Wold Brandon 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease-2019, has been associated with an increased risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. As data emerge about the underlying mechanisms, it is important to synthesize current knowledge to improve effective treatment options. In this review, we highlight the known pathophysiology, discuss the relationship between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and address emerging implications for patient management. The information here is compiled to be a user-friendly, quick guide to help practitioners select management options for these patients.
Timing of Anticoagulation after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Alrohimi Anas , Jickling Glen , Buck Brian , Butcher Ken S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke are at high risk for stroke recurrence. Early anticoagulation may reduce the risk of recurrent events but is usually avoided due to the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Current guidelines are based on empiric expert opinion. The assumed risk of HT is based on historical data from an older generation of anticoagulants. The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have demonstrated lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage compared to older anticoagulants. However, the optimal timing of DOAC initiation after AF-related ischemic stroke has remained an area of clinical equipoise, as the pivotal phase III trials did not include patients in the early period after ischemic stroke. Multiple prospective studies and a few smaller randomized controlled trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of early versus delayed DOAC initiation have been completed. These studies have reported promising results of early DOAC initiation after acute ischemic stroke. However, a standardized documentation of HT rates on follow-up imaging with objective assessment criteria is missing from most of these studies. Larger randomized trials of early versus delayed DOAC are ongoing. A literature review was performed using keywords and Medical Subject Headings in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases. For each relevant paper, the bibliography was scrutinized for other relevant articles and journals. In this article, we review the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and HT in patients with AF, pathophysiology, classification, predictors, natural history, and outcomes of HT and discuss the studies of early anticoagulation after AF-related ischemic stroke.
Distributions on partitions arising from Hilbert schemes and hook lengths
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Craig William , Males Joshua , Ono Ken 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent works at the interface of algebraic combinatorics, algebraic geometry, number theory and topology have provided new integer-valued invariants on integer partitions. It is natural to consider the distribution of partitions when sorted by these invariants in congruence classes. We consider the prominent situations that arise from extensions of the Nekrasov–Okounkov hook product formula and from Betti numbers of various Hilbert schemes of n points on

${\mathbb {C}}^2$

. For the Hilbert schemes, we prove that homology is equidistributed as

$n\to \infty $

. For t-hooks, we prove distributions that are often not equidistributed. The cases where

$t\in \{2, 3\}$

stand out, as there are congruence classes where such counts are zero. To obtain these distributions, we obtain analytic results of independent interest. We determine the asymptotics, near roots of unity, of the ubiquitous infinite products

$$ \begin{align*}F_1(\xi; q):=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(1-\xi q^n\right), \ \ \ F_2(\xi; q):=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(1-(\xi q)^n\right) \ \ \ {\mathrm{and}}\ \ \ F_3(\xi; q):=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(1-\xi^{-1}(\xi q)^n\right). \end{align*} $$
Oxygen, a key signalling factor in the control of seed germination and dormancy
Authors: Corbineau Françoise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOxygen is a major factor of seed germination since it allows resumption of respiration and subsequent metabolism reactivation during seed imbibition, thus leading to the production of reducing power and ATP. Most studies carried out in the 60s to 85s indicate that oxygen requirement depends on the species and is modulated by environmental factors. They have also demonstrated that the covering structures mainly inhibit germination by limiting oxygen supply to the embryo during imbibition through enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds by polyphenol oxidases (catechol oxidase and laccase) and peroxidases. Recent use of oxygen-sensitive microsensors has allowed to better characterize the oxygen diffusion in the seed and determine the oxygen content at the level of embryo below the covering structures. Here, I will also highlight the major data obtained over the last 30 years indicating the key role of oxygen in the molecular networks regulating seed germination and dormancy through (1) the hormonal balance (ethylene, ABA and GA), the hormone-signalling pathway and, in particular, the ABA sensitivity, (2) the emerging role of mitochondria in ROS production in hypoxia and (3) the involvement of the N-degron pathway in the turnover of proteins involved in seed tolerance to hypoxia.
Land capital and emissions convergence in an extended Green Solow model
Authors: Guilló María Dolores , Magalhães Manuela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to analyze the contribution of land capital to the growth of emissions and income per capita in the long run. We collect new satellite data from the Earth Observatory to obtain estimates of the Enhanced Vegetation Index at the country level for the period 2000–2015. We use these data and the World Bank wealth estimates of natural capital to calibrate and empirically test an extension of the Green Solow model with land degradation and land capital investment. We show that the model is consistent with the cross-country variation in growth rates of carbon emissions per capita and find that there is convergence at the global level, with the contribution of land capital investment to the growth of emissions being negative and significant in all specifications.
Impact of payments for forest environmental services on households' livelihood: a case study in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Van Truong , Roongtawanreongsri Saowalak , Ho Thong Quoc , Tran Phuong Hanh Niekdam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPayments for environmental services have been popularly used in environmental management and an increasing number of studies assesses their contribution to local livelihoods. This study employs propensity score matching with a dataset of 404 indigenous households in the Central Highlands of Vietnam to evaluate the effect of payments for forest environmental services (PFES) on their livelihoods. Participating in PFES increased households' employment and income from activities related to natural forests. Income from PFES allowed households to enhance productive investment and promote income from cultivation activities. All of this, in turn, increased their annual income, job satisfaction, living expenditures, and reduced the amount of any loan. Additionally, PFES enhanced opportunities to participate in training courses and traditional community activities. This confirms that PFES is not only a good initiative for forest management but also a livelihood policy for communities.
What is the Idea of the Soul? Comments on Katharina Kraus, Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self-Formation
Authors: Frierson Patrick R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThese remarks focus on Kraus’s claim that for Kant the category of substance cannot apply to the soul but that instead we can and should apply a merely regulative idea of the soul. While granting Kraus’s contention that we require an idea of the soul in order to investigate inner experience, I argue that the category of substance nonetheless applies to the soul, but that the notion of the soul as entirely non-corporeal is a regulative idea. To explore this contention, I closely examine two crucial passages Kraus uses to argue against parity between inner and outer sense.
Introduction: Methods in China-India Studies
Authors: Mangalagiri Adhira , Sen Tansen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmid growing interest in studying China and India together, this special issue, “Methods in China-India Studies,” seeks to open a conversation on the relevance, approaches, and stakes of China-India research. Why should we pair China and India together, how can we best do so, and to what ends? In this introduction to the issue, the editors first discuss the rationales commonly evoked as justification for studying China and India together. The first section articulates shared intellectual commitments as lending a coherence to China-India studies, and as providing a common ground and point of departure for scholars across disciplinary boundaries. The second section outlines a history of the China-India pairing from the first century CE to the end of the twentieth century, with a focus on how a range of historical actors paired China and India under shifting political circumstances and with differing objectives. This section also offers an assessment of the methodological approaches recent scholarship has extended to studying each of these periods. As a whole, this introduction reflects on the unique challenges and opportunities of conducting China-India research, and outlines some of the contributions the China and India conceptual pairing can make to other fields of study.
Broadband circularly polarized 2 × 2 MIMO array for midband 5G wireless applications
Authors: Gunjal Aniket , Kshirsagar Ujwala 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe novel compact size orthogonally fed 2 x 2 Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) array antenna for mid-band Fifth Generation (5G) wireless application is presented. The antenna configuration consists of diamond-shaped patches employed at the top of substrate. The V-shaped common ground slot structure is employed at the bottom of substrate. A broadband circular polarization is achieved by simply combining two circular polarization modes obtained from ground V slot and top patch feed structure. Mainly, the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and gain are enhanced by protruding slots on ground and cutting edges of patches. The measured result shows that 1.70 – 8.00 GHz (6.30 GHz) of IBW, 8.8 dBic of peak gain, and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth from 1.81 – 3.87 GHz (2.06 GHz) are obtained. The proposed antenna performances are experimentally validated by fabricating and testing it for measured result analysis without using power divider.
Interdecadal Change in the Relationship Between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the North/South Pacific Meridional Mode
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Feng Junqiao , Jia Fan , Hu Dunxin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe North and South Pacific Meridional Modes (NPMM and SPMM) are subtropical ocean‐atmospheric coupling variabilities that are significantly related to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In this study, we show that there has been a clear interdecadal change in the lagged relationship between NPMM/SPMM and ENSO by analyzing observations and reanalysis data. There is a significant and close relation between SPMM and ENSO during 1956–1980 (PD1), with SPMM leading by 6–10 months; while the significant and close correlation between NPMM and ENSO appears during 1981–2005 (PD2), with the former leading by 8–11 months. The SPMM coupling strength shows a character that is similar to that of the SPMM‐ENSO relationship. An intensified sea surface temperature variability results in a stronger air‐sea coupling strength for SPMM before 1980 than that after 1980, in which wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback plays an important role. Consequently, the influence of the SPMM on the following ENSO is stronger in PD1 than in PD2. Mixed‐layer heat budget analysis shows that the stronger zonal advective and thermocline feedbacks associated with the NPMM contribute to ENSO onset in PD2. At the same time, subsurface ocean temperature evolution induced by the trade wind charging mechanism in the equatorial Pacific associated with NPMM in PD2 is more significant than that in PD1, which is responsible for the better relation between NPMM and ENSO in PD2. Moreover, we infer that the relationship between NPMM/SPMM and ENSO are influenced by the interdecadal change of mean thermocline depth over equatorial Pacific.
Seasonality of parasitic and saprotrophic zoosporic fungi: linking sequence data to ecological traits
Authors: Van den Wyngaert Silke , Ganzert Lars , Seto Kensuke , Rojas-Jimenez Keilor , Agha Ramsy , Berger Stella A , Woodhouse Jason , Padisak Judit , Wurzbacher Christian , Kagami Maiko , Grossart Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Zoosporic fungi of the phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids) regularly dominate pelagic fungal communities in freshwater and marine environments. Their lifestyles range from obligate parasites to saprophytes. Yet, linking the scarce available sequence data to specific ecological traits or their host ranges constitutes currently a major challenge. We combined 28 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with targeted isolation and sequencing approaches, along with cross-infection assays and analysis of chytrid infection prevalence to obtain new insights into chytrid diversity, ecology, and seasonal dynamics in a temperate lake. Parasitic phytoplankton-chytrid and saprotrophic pollen-chytrid interactions made up the majority of zoosporic fungal reads. We explicitly demonstrate the recurrent dominance of parasitic chytrids during frequent diatom blooms and saprotrophic chytrids during pollen rains. Distinct temporal dynamics of diatom-specific parasitic clades suggest mechanisms of coexistence based on niche differentiation and competitive strategies. The molecular and ecological information on chytrids generated in this study will aid further exploration of their spatial and temporal distribution patterns worldwide. To fully exploit the power of environmental sequencing for studies on chytrid ecology and evolution, we emphasize the need to intensify current isolation efforts of chytrids and integrate taxonomic and autecological data into long-term studies and experiments.