bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image-based microstructural simulation of thermal conductivity for highly porous wood fiber insulation boards
Authors: Andrä Heiko , Dobrovolskij Dascha , Engelhardt Max , Godehardt Michael , Makas Michael , Mercier Christian , Rief Stefan , Schladitz Katja , Staub Sarah , Trawka Karol , Treml Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of wood fiber insulation boards is significantly influenced by the microstructure of the fiber network and in general, the efficiency of wood fiber insulation boards increases with porosity. For higher raw densities, the raw density is a good predictor for the thermal conductivity. For lower raw densities however, this simple relation does not hold anymore. Here, structural information gained from 3D computed tomography images at several scales, modeling of the microstructure, and numerical simulation of the thermal conductivity are combined to get deeper insight into which and how microstructural features influence the thermal conductivity. The model-based simulation as described here shows that the presence and orientation of wood fiber clusters impact the thermal conductivity significantly.
Consequences of Genetic Recombination on Protein Folding Stability
Authors: Del Amparo Roberto , González-Vázquez Luis Daniel , Rodríguez-Moure Laura , Bastolla Ugo , Arenas Miguel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenetic recombination is a common evolutionary mechanism that produces molecular diversity. However, its consequences on protein folding stability have not attracted the same attention as in the case of point mutations. Here, we studied the effects of homologous recombination on the computationally predicted protein folding stability for several protein families, finding less detrimental effects than we previously expected. Although recombination can affect multiple protein sites, we found that the fraction of recombined proteins that are eliminated by negative selection because of insufficient stability is not significantly larger than the corresponding fraction of proteins produced by mutation events. Indeed, although recombination disrupts epistatic interactions, the mean stability of recombinant proteins is not lower than that of their parents. On the other hand, the difference of stability between recombined proteins is amplified with respect to the parents, promoting phenotypic diversity. As a result, at least one third of recombined proteins present stability between those of their parents, and a substantial fraction have higher or lower stability than those of both parents. As expected, we found that parents with similar sequences tend to produce recombined proteins with stability close to that of the parents. Finally, the simulation of protein evolution along the ancestral recombination graph with empirical substitution models commonly used in phylogenetics, which ignore constraints on protein folding stability, showed that recombination favors the decrease of folding stability, supporting the convenience of adopting structurally constrained models when possible for inferences of protein evolutionary histories with recombination.
Assessment of epicardial adipose tissue on virtual non-contrast images derived from photon-counting detector coronary CTA datasets
Authors: Risch Franka , Schwarz Florian , Braun Franziska , Bette Stefanie , Becker Judith , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J. , Decker Josua A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To assess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and attenuation of different virtual non-contrast (VNC) reconstructions derived from coronary CTA (CCTA) datasets of a photon-counting detector (PCD) CT-system to replace true non-contrast (TNC) series.

Methods
Consecutive patients (n = 42) with clinically indicated CCTA and coronary TNC were included. Two VNC series were reconstructed, using a conventional (VNCConv) and a novel calcium-preserving (VNCPC) algorithm. EAT was segmented on TNC, VNCConv, VNCPC, and CCTA (CTA-30) series using thresholds of −190 to −30 HU and an additional segmentation on the CCTA series with an upper threshold of 0 HU (CTA0). EAT volumes and their histograms were assessed for each series. Linear regression was used to correlate EAT volumes and the Euclidian distance for histograms. The paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to assess differences for parametric and non-parametric data.

Results
EAT volumes from VNC and CCTA series showed significant differences compared to TNC (all p < .05), but excellent correlation (all R2 > 0.9). Measurements on the novel VNCPC series showed the best correlation (R2 = 0.99) and only minor absolute differences compared to TNC values. Mean volume differences were −12%, −3%, −13%, and +10% for VNCConv, VNCPC, CTA-30, and CTA0 compared to TNC. Distribution of CT values on VNCPC showed less difference to TNC than on VNCConv (mean attenuation difference +7% vs. +2%; Euclidean distance of histograms 0.029 vs. 0.016).

Conclusions
VNCPC-reconstructions of PCD-CCTA datasets can be used to reliably assess EAT volume with a high accuracy and only minor differences in CT values compared to TNC. Substitution of TNC would significantly decrease patient’s radiation dose.

Key points
• Measurement of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and attenuation are feasible on virtual non-contrast (VNC) series with excellent correlation to true non-contrast series (all R2>0.9).
• Differences in VNC algorithms have a significant impact on EAT volume and CT attenuation values.
• A novel VNC algorithm (VNCPC) enables reliable assessment of EAT volume and attenuation with superior accuracy compared to measurements on conventional VNC- and CCTA-series.
Tanner–Whitehouse skeletal maturity score derived from ultrasound images to evaluate bone age
Authors: Lv Pin , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
The complexity of radiographic Tanner–Whitehouse method makes it less acceptable by radiologists and endocrinologists to assess bone age. Conventional ultrasound could be used to measure the ratio of the height of the ossification center to the epiphysis of the bone to evaluate maturity of bone. The purpose of this study is to obtain radiographic TW3 skeletal maturity score with ultrasound images.

Methods
In this prospective diagnostic study, participants aged between 1 and 18 years undergoing radiography for bone age evaluation were evaluated from April 2019 to November 2021. Ultrasonic skeletal maturity scores of participants were transformed into radiographic skeletal maturity scores with the fitted formulas established in this study. Diagnostic performances of the transformed scores to diagnose advanced or delayed bone age were confirmed. Ultrasound images of 50 participants in the validation group were re-evaluated to confirm inter-rater reliability.

Results
A total of 442 participants (median age, 9.5 years [interquartile range, 7.8–11.1 years]; 185 boys) were enrolled. Ultrasound determination of bone age had a sensitivity of 97% (34/35, 95% CI: 83, 99) and a specificity of 98% (106/108, 95% CI: 93, 99) to diagnose advanced or delayed bone age. The intra-class correlation coefficient for inter-rater reliability was 0.993 [95% CI: 0.988, 0.996], p < 0.0001.

Conclusions
Radiographic Tanner–Whitehouse skeletal maturity score could be obtained from ultrasound images in a simple, fast, accurate, and radiation-free manner.

Key Points
• The fitting formulas between radiographic TW3 skeletal maturity score and ultrasonic skeletal maturity score were developed.
• Through measurement of ossification ratios of bones with ultrasound, TW3 skeletal maturity score was obtained in a simple, fast, and radiation-free manner.
Scaling preferences using probabilistic choice models: is there a ratio-scale representation of subjective liking?
Authors: Kattner Florian , Gast Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn two online experiments, we tested whether preference judgments can be used to derive a valid ratio-scale representation of subjective liking across different stimulus sets. Therefore, participants were asked to indicate their preferences for all possible pairwise comparisons of 20 paintings (Experiment 1) and 20 faces (Experiment 2). Probabilistic choice models were fit to the resulting preference probabilities (requiring different degrees of stochastic transitivity), demonstrating that a ratio-scale representation of the liking of both paintings and faces can be derived consistently from the preference judgments. While the preference judgments of paintings were consistent with the highly restrictive Bradley–Terry–Luce model (Bradley and Terry, Biometrika 39:324–345, 1952; Luce, 1959), the liking of faces could be represented on a ratio scale only when accounting for face gender as an additional aspect in an elimination-by-aspects model. These ratio-scaled liking scores were then related to direct evaluative ratings of the same stimuli on a 21-point Likert scale, given both before and after the pairwise comparisons. It was found in both studies that evaluative ratings can be described accurately as a logarithmic function of the indirectly derived liking scores for both types of stimuli. The results indicate that participants are able (a) to consistently judge preferences across two heterogeneous stimulus sets, and (b) to validly report their liking in direct evaluative ratings, although the numeric labels derived from direct evaluative ratings cannot be interpreted at face value for ratio-scaled liking scores.
Sedation efficacy of different dose of remimazolam with sufentanil for nerve block in young and elderly patients: a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Li Xue , Bu Tegeleqi , Li Yu-Ting , Xie Ke-Qi , Xu Zhen-Zhen , Liang Xin-Quan , Mu Dong-Liang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Anxiety and pain commonly occur during nerve block, we aimed to investigate the sedation efficacy of different doses of remimazolam with sufentanil in young and elderly patients.

Methods
In this randomized trial, patients aged 18–85 years who underwent nerve block was enrolled. All patients received sufentanil 0.08 μg/kg for analgesia. Young patients (age < 65 years) were randomized into the control group (Group C, 0.9% saline), medium-dose remimazolam (Group M, 0.06 mg/kg) and high-dose remimazolam group (Group H, 0.08 mg/kg). Elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) were randomized into the Group C, low-dose remimazolam group (Group L, 0.04 mg/kg) and Group M. Primary outcome was the success rate of procedure sedation. Respiratory depression and hypoxia were the interested safety outcomes.

Results
Ninety young and 114 elderly patients were enrolled, respectively. In comparison with Groups C and M, young patients in Group H had the highest success rate of procedure sedation (80.0 vs. 73.3 vs. 43.3%, P = 0.006). Elderly patients in Groups M and L had similar success rates of procedure sedation, which were significantly higher than that in Group C (78.9 vs. 78.9 vs. 50.0%, P = 0.007). In elderly patients, the incidence of respiratory depression and hypoxia tended to be higher in Group M than those in Groups L and C (both P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Remimazolam 0.08 mg/kg provided the best sedation efficacy in young patients while remimazolam 0.04 mg/kg with the trend of less respiratory adverse events was more optimal for elderly patients.

Trial registration
http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=122016.
Lokale Wertschöpfungsstrategien in global vernetzter Kreislaufwirtschaft – Eine Analyse des brasilianischen Elektroschrott-Recyclings
Authors: Busch Hans-Christian , Wiemann Judith 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht lokale Wertschöpfungsstrategien der Circular Economy des globalen Südens. Über die bloße Abfallentsorgung hinausgehend stehen dabei alternative Strategien der Wertschöpfung und Inwertsetzung verschiedener Akteure entlang der Recyclingkette von Elektroschrott (E-waste) im Mittelpunkt. Wir analysieren diese lokalen Wertschöpfungsstrategien in Verbindung mit globalen Verflechtungen in der E‑waste-Recyclingkette in São Paulo, Brasilien – als anschauliches Fallbeispiel im globalen Süden. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studie erweitern vorherrschende hochtechnologische Ansätze um zwei Möglichkeitskorridore: Erstens arbeiten kleine Akteure in vorderen Kettensegmenten daran, gebrauchte Materialien neuen Verwendungszwecken zuzuführen (Bricolage-Wertschöpfungskorridor). Zweitens fokussieren sich brasilianische Recyclingunternehmen im mittleren Kettensegment auf die Vereinfachung auf wesentliche Kernfunktionen, um ausrangierte Elektrogeräte erneut in Wert zu setzen (frugaler Wertschöpfungskorridor). Somit werden zwar einerseits in vorderen Kettensegmenten (reparierte oder aufgearbeitete) zirkuläre Kreislaufprodukte erkennbar. Andererseits überwiegt in hinteren Segmenten allerdings weiterhin ein Schwerpunkt auf ökonomisch rentablerer Materialextraktion. Neben einer kritischen Perspektive auf kreislaufwirtschaftliche Ansätze im globalen Süden zeigen die Ergebnisse daher, wie alternative Perspektiven auf Wertschöpfung tendenziell dazu beitragen können, einen nachhaltigen Wandel hin zu einer geschlossen lokalen Circular Economy zu erreichen.
Thoracolumbar spine trauma: a guide for the FRCS examination
Authors: Hwang Z. , Abdalla M. , Ajayi B. , Bernard J. , Bishop T. , Lui D. F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThoracolumbar spine injuries are commonly seen in trauma settings and have a high risk of causing serious morbidity. There can be controversy when it comes to classifying thoracolumbar injuries within the spinal community, but there remains a need to classify, evaluate and manage thoracolumbar fractures. This article aims to provide a guide on classification of thoracolumbar spine injuries using the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System (AO TLICS).
A model-based approach for specifying changes in replications of empirical studies in computer Science
Authors: Cruz Margarita , Bernárdez Beatriz , Durán Amador , Guevara-Vega Cathy , Ruiz-Cortés Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe need of replicating empirical studies in Computer Science is widely recognized among the research community. It is essential to report the changes of each replication to promote not only the comprehensibility of the evolution of the experimental validity across a family of studies, but also replicability itself. Unfortunately, the lack of proposals for systematic reporting of changes in replications undermines these desirable objectives. The main goal of the work presented in this article is to provide researchers in Computer Science with a systematic tool-supported approach for the specification and reporting of changes in the replications of their empirical studies. Applying Design Science Research, we have developed and validated a composite artifact consisting of (i) a metamodel that formalizes all the relevant concepts related to replications and their changes; (ii) templates and linguistic patterns that facilitate their reporting; and (iii) a proof-of-concept model-based software tool that supports the proposed approach. For its validation, we have carried out a multiple case study that includes 9 families of empirical studies not only from Computer Science, but also from an area as different as Agrobiology , to check the external validity of our approach. The 9 families encompass 23 replication studies and a total of 92 replication changes, for which we have analyzed the suitability of our proposal. The multiple case study revealed some initial limitations of our approach related to threats to experimental validity and context variables. After several improvement iterations on the artifact, all of the 92 replication changes could be properly specified, including also their qualitatively estimated effects on experimental validity and their corresponding visualization. Our proposal for the specification of replication changes seems to fit the needs not only of replications in Computer Science, but also in other research areas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve it and disseminate its use among the research community.
Accuracy of five different 3D printing workflows for dental models comparing industrial and dental desktop printers
Authors: Morón-Conejo Belén , López-Vilagran Jesús , Cáceres David , Berrendero Santiago , Pradíes Guillermo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, in terms of trueness and precision, of printed models using five different industrial and dental desktop 3D printers.

Materials and methods
Full-arch digital models with scanbodies of 15 patients were printed with five different 3D printers. The industrial printers were 3D system Project MJP2500 (3DS) and Objet30 OrthoDesk (Obj). The dental desktop printers were NextDent 5100 (ND), Formlabs Form 2 (FL) and Rapidshape D30 (RS). A total of 225 printed models were analysed. The printed models were digitized and compared with the reference cast model using the Control X software (Geomagic). The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05).

Results
The one-way ANOVA for the trueness and precision of the printed model presented the best results for the 3DS, followed by ND, Obj, FL and RS (P < 0.01). In the scanbody zone, the best results were for the 3DS group, followed by Obj, ND, FL and RS (P < 0.01). Comparing the technologies, the Multijet technology used in industrial printers presented better results than the DLP and SLA technologies used in dental desktop printers (P > 0.01).

Conclusions
There were statistically significant differences in terms of the accuracy of the printed models, with better results for the industrial than the dental desktop 3D printers.

Clinical relevance
The industrial 3D printers used in dental laboratories presented better accuracy than the in-office dental desktop 3D printers, and this should be considered when the best accuracy is needed to perform final prosthetic restorations.
Digital media in intergenerational communication: Status quo and future scenarios for the grandparent–grandchild relationship
Authors: Döring Nicola , Mikhailova Veronika , Brandenburg Karlheinz , Broll Wolfgang , Gross Horst-Michael , Werner Stephan , Raake Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCommunication technologies play an important role in maintaining the grandparent–grandchild (GP–GC) relationship. Based on Media Richness Theory, this study investigates the frequency of use (RQ1) and perceived quality (RQ2) of established media as well as the potential use of selected innovative media (RQ3) in GP-GC relationships with a particular focus on digital media. A cross-sectional online survey and vignette experiment were conducted in February 2021 among N = 286 university students in Germany (mean age 23 years, 57% female) who reported on the direct and mediated communication with their grandparents. In addition to face-to-face interactions, non-digital and digital established media (such as telephone, texting, video conferencing) and innovative digital media, namely augmented reality (AR)-based and social robot-based communication technologies, were covered. Face-to-face and phone communication occurred most frequently in GP-GC relationships: 85% of participants reported them taking place at least a few times per year (RQ1). Non-digital established media were associated with higher perceived communication quality than digital established media (RQ2). Innovative digital media received less favorable quality evaluations than established media. Participants expressed doubts regarding the technology competence of their grandparents, but still met innovative media with high expectations regarding improved communication quality (RQ3). Richer media, such as video conferencing or AR, do not automatically lead to better perceived communication quality, while leaner media, such as letters or text messages, can provide rich communication experiences. More research is needed to fully understand and systematically improve the utility, usability, and joy of use of different digital communication technologies employed in GP–GC relationships.
Perceived stress and affective experience in Italian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: correlation with coping and emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Messineo Linda , Tosto Crispino 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a source of stress for teachers by adding new challenges. The objective of this study was to assess the association between emotion regulation and coping strategies, on the one hand, and perceived stress and affective experience on the other among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 1178 of Italian pre-primary, primary, and secondary school teachers completed an online survey. Three hierarchical linear regression analyses were run to evaluate teachers’ emotion regulation, coping strategies, years of teaching experience, perceived workload, and perceptions about online teaching in predicting their perceived stress and positive and negative affect. The findings showed that cognitive reappraisal and positive attitude were associated with a lower level of perceived stress and negative affect and a higher level of positive affect. Problem orientation strategies were also associated with a higher level of positive affect. By contrast, expressive suppression was correlated with a higher level of perceived stress. Avoidance coping strategies were associated with higher perceived stress and negative affect and a lower level of positive affect. The perceived burden of online teaching was positively related with perceived stress and negative affect. Confidence in using educational technologies predicted lower levels of perceived stress, and previous online teaching experience was positively correlated with positive affect. The findings of this study could be useful for implementing teacher training programmes on emotion regulation and coping strategies to reduce stress and promote positive affect.
Regeneration of sensory nerve branches in extraction socket and surrounding alveolar bone in rat: immunohistochemical observation of the axon and myelin sheath changes
Authors: Kakuta Wataru , Matsunaga Satoru , Otsu Yuto , Kitamura Kei , Abe Shinichi , Yajima Yasutomo , Sekine Hideshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the process and derivation of the distribution of the sensory nerves that appear in the extraction socket and surrounding alveolar bone following tooth extraction. The right mandibular first molar of rats and periodontal ligament were extracted as a single mass, and the mandible was harvested after days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after extraction. Serial sections of 7 µm thickness were prepared for the proximal root (Section A), buccolingual root (Section B), and centrifugal root (Section C) of the first molar. H–E staining and immunohistochemical staining with anti-S100 antibody and anti-NF-L antibody were carried out. The presence of nerve fiber bundles in the blood clot was already evident on post-extraction day 3, and on post-extraction day 7. On day 3, the number of axons in Sections B and C had greatly decreased, indicating that, after extraction, the connection between peripheral nerve tissue and the trigeminal ganglion was temporarily markedly reduced in the region of the alveolar branch. Although the myelin sheaths were regenerating on day 5, the majority of the axons of the alveolar branches extending from the inferior alveolar nerve were seen to be extremely thin and scattered, despite their further regeneration. The above results suggest that the newly myelinated nerves are actually derived from the bone marrow to the extraction socket, so few nerves, rather than being derived from the alveolar branches that had innervated the extracted tooth.