bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children as agents of language change
Authors: Sanz-Sánchez Israel , Moyna María Irene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the operation of child language acquisition as a critical factor in some forms of language change. It proposes a sociohistorical model that incorporates the potential for young children to function as linguistic agents in certain environments, characterized by unpredictable variation in the input, lack of normative mechanisms, and the possibility for the emergence of peer networks among children. The model is then applied to explain a well-documented but poorly understood phonological change in the history of Latin American Spanish: the simplification of the system of sibilants in 16th-century Colonial Spanish. This change was nestled in ecological environments characterized by intense contact among L1 and L2 speakers of several varieties of Iberian and non-Iberian languages, as well as the rapid breakdown and reshaping of social networks. We argue that, in the absence of strong normative pressures, the advantages of certain options for early acquisition were crucial in the eventual creation and generalization of a new sociolinguistic norm. This study is methodologically innovative in that it combines not just archival evidence and sociohistorical information, but also present-day acquisitional data. The latter offers a piece often missing in sociohistorical accounts of language change.
Regularity of semantic change in Romance anatomical terms
Authors: Law James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile semantic change is notoriously idiosyncratic, cross-linguistic evidence suggests some general trends in the directions and mechanisms of semantic shifts. Notable among these are trends applying to the target domain of the human body, a domain that has received considerable attention due to its universality. However, broad surveys of many languages risk missing significant details. Data from theDictionnaire étymologique et cognitif des langues romanes(DECOLAR) on the etymologies of terms for 97 body parts in 14 Romance languages calls some proposed trends into question. In particular, counterexamples are found to a supposed unidirectional shift from visible parts to the wholes that include them. Analysis of individual changes reveals contextual factors that can cause a lexical trend to not apply. The findings contribute to a more complex model of metaphorization and metonymization, the primary processes involved in lexical semantic change.
Inheritance of Long Fins in Ornamental Koi Carp
Authors: Gomelsky Boris , Schneider Kyle J , Alsaqufi Ahmed S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inheritance of long fins in ornamental koi carp Cyprinus carpio was studied. Fish segregations with regard to the presence or absence of long fins in two progenies were recorded and analyzed. In progeny 1, produced by crossing a long-fin koi female with a short-fin (wild-type) koi male, the observed segregation of long-fin fish : short-fin fish did not differ significantly from the 1:1 Mendelian ratio. In progeny 2, produced by crossing the same long-fin female with a long-fin male, the observed segregation of long-fin fish : short-fin fish did not differ significantly from the 3:1 Mendelian ratio. Based on these data, it was concluded that the appearance of long fins in koi is under the control of a dominant mutation of one gene (Lf/lf). Fish with genotypes LfLf and Lflf have long fins, while fish with genotype lflf do not have this trait. Since the appearance of long fins in koi is controlled by a dominant mutation, the development of a true-bred, long-fin line could be achieved only by identifying heterozygotes Lflf by means of test crosses and removing them from the stock.
Received April 14, 2010; accepted June 16, 2010
Effects of Structure, Forage, and Stocking Density on Juvenile Production of Alligator Gars in Outdoor Pools
Authors: Perschbacher Peter W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Populations of alligator gar Atractosteus spatula are greatly reduced, and interest has been shown in developing culture practices for fingerling production for restocking. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted on stocker-sized advanced fingerlings (&gt;250 mm total length). Presence versus absence of physical structure and forage fish were tested against controls (no structure or forage) at two stocking densities (30,000/ha and 15,000/ha) in Arkansas. At 50 d posthatch (dph; July 8), ungraded 2.7-g alligator gars were stocked into 24 outdoor pools (diameter = 2.4 m, depth = 0.6 m). Fish in all pools were fed at 10% body weight/d (assuming 50% survival) with 1.5–2.5-mm steelhead floating pellets (45% protein). No grading was performed, and the study continued until fish grew to 300 mm. Fish were harvested on August 20 (92 dph). At termination, mean survival was significantly different for the high-density forage (72.2%) and the high-density structure treatments (27.8%), but differences in mean lengths and weights were not significant. Mean growth rates varied from 4.5 to 5.0 g/d.
Received July 13, 2010; accepted September 1, 2010
Long-term spectral responsivity stability of predictable quantum efficient detectors
Authors: Porrovecchio G , Linke U , Smid M , Gran J , Ikonen E , Werner L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The stability of induced junction silicon photodiodes used to construct the predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) has been studied over a time period of a decade by measurements of its spectral responsivity against absolute cryogenic radiometers (CR) in two independent laboratories at CMI and PTB. PQEDs operated at room temperature show a long-term temporal stability within 150 ppm over a broad spectral range during a 10-year period, well within the range of the claimed measurement uncertainty values of the CRs. This long term stability fulfills one of the fundamental requirements to establish a new primary standard for the measurement of power of optical radiation.
Spectral actions for q-particles and their asymptotics
Authors: Ciolli Fabio , Fidaleo Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For spectral actions consisting of the average number of particles and arising from open systems made of general free q-particles (including Bose, Fermi and classical ones corresponding to q = ±1 and 0, respectively) in thermal equilibrium, we compute the asymptotic expansion with respect to the natural cut-off. We treat both relevant situations relative to massless and non relativistic massive particles, where the natural cut-off is 1/β = k
B
T and

1
/

β

, respectively. We show that the massless situation enjoys less regularity properties than the massive one. We also treat in some detail the relativistic massive case for which the natural cut-off is again 1/β. We then consider the passage to the continuum describing infinitely extended open systems in thermal equilibrium, by also discussing the appearance of condensation phenomena occurring for Bose-like q-particles, q ∈ (0, 1]. We then compare the arising results for the finite volume situation (discrete spectrum) with the corresponding infinite volume one (continuous spectrum).
Exponentially small quantum correction to conductance
Authors: Oliveira Lucas H , Bento Pedro H S , Novaes Marcel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When time-reversal symmetry is broken, the average conductance through a chaotic cavity, from an entrance lead with N
1 open channels to an exit lead with N
2 open channels, is given by N
1
N
2/M, where M = N
1 + N
2. We show that, when tunnel barriers of reflectivity γ are placed on the leads, two correction terms appear in the average conductance, and that one of them is proportional to γ

M
. Since M ∼ ℏ
−1, this correction is exponentially small in the semiclassical limit. We derive this term from a semiclassical approximation, generally expected to give only leading orders in powers of ℏ. Even though the theory is built perturbatively both in γ and in 1/M, the final result is exact.
Bioethanol Production from Waste Paper: An Alternative Energy Source
Authors: Egbe Zimife M. , Nwinyi Obinna C. , Ahuekwe Eze F. , George Dango Z. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBioethanol is one of the best alternative form of energy source in place of fossil fuels. In this study, bioethanol was produced from waste paper following a pre-treatment. The isolates used were isolated from fresh palm wine and characterized via standard microbiological methods. The pre-treatment was done using 5%, 10% and 50% concentrations of sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. Results obtained showed that the concentration of glucose from the substrates ranged between 0.2-0.8 ppm with 10% sulphuric acid giving the highest glucose yield. The fermentation of the sugar was carried out usingSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor the production of bioethanol, which was recovered by fractional distillation. From this study, the production of bioethanol from waste paper is a veritable means of shoring up energy deficit especially in the developing countries.
Effects of Glyphosate and Butachlor Herbicides Concentrations on Resident Culturable Bacterial Populations from Surface Water Sources in Makurdi: A Microcosm Study
Authors: Ichor T. , Ityonah B. L. , Asoo M. T. , Ahuekwe E. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of different concentrations of herbicides on bacterial isolates from various surface water sources was undertaken. The research was aimed at the isolation, identification and characterization of bacteria from selected surface water sources, in order to ascertain the effects of varying concentrations of herbicides on resident bacterial populations. Samples were obtained from five different surface water sources and sediments in Makurdi, using sterilized plastic containers. The herbicides used were Butachlor and Glyphosphate ammonium salt with Rid-over’s trade name (500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.5 mg). Both herbicides were spiked in the volume of water samples to reflect the recommendation of the manufacturer). The bacteriological analysis of the samples prior to spiking with the herbicides indicated that, Afuko stream had the highest total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) count of 4.55x107cfu/mL; River Benue 3.45x107cfu / mL; Akighir stream 3.0x107cfu / mL; whereas Mu river and Jamu stream had the lowest total heterotrophic bacteria count of 2.36x107cfu / mL and 2.31x107cfu/mL respectively. The isolates from the water sources in the order of highest percentage occurrences included; Escherichia coli 24(21.7%); Bacillus sp 22(21.2%); Salmonella sp 20(17.6%); Pseudomonas sp 17(15.0%); Proteus sp 16(14.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus 14 (12.3%) before spiking with the herbicides. The number of bacteria colonies increased as the days increased after spiking at different concentrations of the herbicides though colony counts were higher at lower concentrations than higher concentrations. The bacteria isolates have shown resistance to herbicides, which implies biogenic elements for their physiological processes.
Evaluation of Building Materials Using Energy Efficiency Criteria in Selected Museums in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Fadayiro A. A. , Ekhaese O. N. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Energy efficiency ensures reduced energy for heating and cooling space, lower maintenance requirements, reduce the cost of running a building, and improve users’ comfort in a space. The amount of energy used by building materials is an essential factor in defining the energy efficiency of the building. This study evaluates the building materials used in selected south-western museums using energy efficiency criteria to identify materials that comply with energy-efficient criteria, which would be recommended to ensure energy-efficient materials are adopted by Museum buildings. The study’s objective is to identify the existing energy-efficient materials used in Museums and evaluate the identified building materials in terms of energy efficiency. The study methodology employed is qualitative, engaging case studies and observation guides to determine the materials used in existing museums. The materials identified were evaluated using the energy-efficient criteria provided by Yüksek [1]. The sample size consists of materials used in selected national Museums of southwest Nigeria. The results derived from the case studies identified the materials used in the selected Museums and their level of energy efficiency, which affects the maintenance and the overall cost for running the Museum. The results from the study identified a total of eleven materials. It was shown from the results that while four of the eleven materials complied fully with the energy-efficient criteria, the other materials did not comply fully with the energy-efficient criteria. This study recommends that more materials that comply with energy-efficient criteria be adopted to improve energy efficiency in buildings. Professionals in the built environment should focus more on energy-efficient materials to ensure an energy-efficient building
Investigation of Architects’ Awareness of Green Building Technologies in Lagos Metropolis
Authors: Opoko A. P. , Obiakor C. J. , Odutayo A. A. , James O. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a growing concern about the negative impacts of buildings on the environment and the need to reduce them. Several studies have identified the relevance of green building strategies in this regard. Architects play vital roles throughout the lifespan of a building, from its conception to its demolition or conversion to other uses. It is in the light of this that this study examined the degree to which architects in the Lagos metropolis are aware of green building technologies. The objectives of the study included identification of the socio-economic characteristics of architects in the study area; investigation of their level of awareness of green building technologies; and to ascertain implementation of green building technologies in building projects by architects in the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample consisting of 296 registered architects in the study area. The data obtained from this research was analyzed using the Statistical Product for Services and Solutions (SPSS). The findings revealed that architects in the Lagos metropolis have a general understanding of green building technologies but however, they have not implemented many of the technologies in their building projects. Ranking of level of awareness of the technologies investigated showed that architects in the study area were most aware of solar energy systems and least aware of energy efficient windows. Similarly, ranking of implementation of the technologies revealed that daylighting strategies were mostly used while biofuel systems were least used by architects in the study area. The study also showed that the major factor inhibiting architects from implementing green building technologies was clients’ resistance. Based on these findings, the paper recommends an intensive awareness drive to increase clients’ knowledge of the enormous benefits of green building technologies over conventional technologies.
Assessment of Lighting Strategies in Art Galleries: A Comparative Case Study of Selected Art Galleries in Lagos State
Authors: Ekhaese E. N. , Solaja A. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Light is so important in our everyday lives that it effects user experiences of spaces as well as the user’s overall well-being for a large portion of the day in the built environment. Lighting, among the other aspects that make up the design of spaces, is an important characteristic in a building because it is the primary means of appreciating art and culture. The study aimed to assess purposively selected art galleries as the basis for determining the best lighting strategies to be adopted in the design of an art gallery in Lagos, Nigeria. This study addressed two key objectives – identify the existing lighting strategies used in the assessed art galleries to recommend the best lighting strategies to be used and ascertain how the lighting strategies are implemented. A qualitative research method using case study approach was employed in the research. Content and narrative analyses were used to analyse data. Findings show a significant need for daylight to be implemented alongside artificial lighting in an art gallery. The results align with current global trends towards sustainability.
A Survey of User’s Perception of Urban Parks in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos State
Authors: Okunlola P. O. , Aduwo B. E. , Omotoye O. T. , Anjorin T. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Urban green spaces in cities have been attributed to both an ecologically sustainable environment and the well-being of urban residents, thereby improving their quality of life. The positive effects of urban green spaces on individuals, on the other hand, is usually dependent on the extent of these green spaces and their uses. The level of satisfaction with existing urban parks can be assessed based on parameters such as accessibility, safety, and relevant available facilities. The aim of this study is to examine user’s perception of urban parks in ibeju-lekki, Lagos state. The key objective of the study is to determine the design strategies implemented in the design of an urban park; access users’ perception based on the determined design strategies implemented in the selected urban parks. In this research, users of selected urban parks within ibeju-lekki were surveyed to properly investigate their perception of these urban parks in respect to already established survey criteria. Data was gathered through questionnaires, and users were randomly selected across the selected urban parks. The data gathered was analyzed using SPSS and content analysis, and the analyzed data was presented using tables and charts. From the study, it was found that users’ perception of urban parks usually affects their continual use, this is referring to the urban resident rate of patronage of the urban parks. Therefore, to improve resident rate of usage of urban parks, it is important to improve on the design strategies adopted in urban parks.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Solar Powered Tomatoes Storage Chamber
Authors: Orovwode Hope , Afolabi Gbenga , Agbetuyi Felix , Adoghe Anthony , Adeyemi-Kayode Temitope M. , Elizabeth Amuta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fresh vegetables and fruits, most of which are perishable, are known to be good sources of nutrients supplements with health benefits. Tomatoes fruits fall into this category of food supplements. However, the post-harvest losses associated with tomatoes fruits have greatly reduced the profitability of its farming and have even scared some farmers away from producing it. To reduce the losses and encourage tomatoes farming, this study designed, constructed, and evaluated the performance of a solar-powered electronic storage chamber for tomatoes fruits. In the performance evaluation, the weight, firmness, ripening index, and rate of spoilage of tomatoes fruits stored, within six weeks, at room temperature and atmospheric humidity and in the storage chamber were analyzed and compared per week. The results showed that the weight and firmness of the test experiment deteriorated by 24.87% and 20.83% respectively while that of the control experiment deteriorated by 50.59% and 79.68% respectively. Also, the percentage of cumulative spoilage for the test and control experiment was estimated to be 23.32 and 68.84 respectively showing a significant reduction in the rate of spoilage when the tomatoes were stored in the chamber.
Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Selected Water Bodies in Oyo and Lagos States
Authors: Bilewu O. F. , Ayanda I. O. , Ajayi T. O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable provision of safe access to potable water has continued to be a major challenge across the world. Water samples were collected from water bodies at Awba Dam and National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT) in Ibadan, Oyo State and the Ogun River in Lagos State. The aim of this study was to gauge the conditions of these frequently used water bodies. The locations were selected based on surrounding population and activities. Sampling was done in the months of April and June, 2021. The physicochemical parameters analysed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Average salinity value ranged between 0.2675 ± 0.14 mg/L (UI) and 0.6735 ± 0.22 mg/L (Berger). These values are quite high and significant when compared to the threshold level of 0.0000001 mg/L. Of the three sampling points, the samples obtained from Awba Dam at the University of Ibadan seem to have the better quality in relative terms. This follows from the BOD and TDS values of 3.75 ± 0.28 mg/L and 259.7 ± 156.89 mg/L respectively. This study shows that the mismanagement of our waters through unrestrained and unrestricted dumping of contaminants into it has caused these water bodies to have poor quality and should not be used for the purpose of consumption unless properly treated. The presence of aquatic plants that take in some of these pollutants and release oxygen may also help improve quality.
Debt Sustainability and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Matthew A. O. , Adetayo A. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines the effect of debt sustainability on Nigeria’s economic growth. In contrast to previous studies, this study takes a holistic approach that considers both domestic and external debt, as well as debt service payments. The study used yearly data that covered a period of forty years (1981 - 2020). Consequently, the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) econometric technique was used to decompose the effects of the debt variables into their positive and negative effects to ascertain if the inconsistent results documented by previous studies could be attributed to undetected asymmetries. The study established that Nigeria’s total debt stock and debt service payments had a considerable short-run effect on the economic growth of the country, but that only a reduction in total debt stock is important for long-run economic growth in the country. It was discovered that an increase in total debt stock initially has a terrible impact on economic growth, but that it has a positive impact after one year. On the other hand, the short-run effect of a total debt stock decrease is found to be consistently positive for all lags. Concerning debt service payment, the short-run effect showed that economic growth decreases when debt service payment increases and economic growth increases when debt service payment decreases. In the long-run, only a decrease in the total debt stock decreases economic growth significantly. From Recommendations from this study state that debt accumulation should be used to increase the country’s production capacity by increasing investments in infrastructure (e.g., power and better transportation networks) and to improve human capital development as these would help maximize the social gains from debt.