bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacubitril-Valsartan in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting—Is It Safe?
Authors: Narayan Pradeep , Kumar Satish , Kapoor Lalit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSacubitril-valsartan has been used selectively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and ischemic cardiomyopathy due to safety concerns. The aim of this prospective observational study was to assess the safety profile of sacubitril-valsartan in patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF <40%) undergoing CABG. Primary outcome was tolerability and safety profile. Thirty consecutive patients undergoing CABG with EF <40% were included. No mortality or readmissions occurred during 6 months follow-up. One (3.3%) patient experienced hypotension requiring discontinuation. Mild (8.9%) elevation in blood urea nitrogen, p = 0.35; along with a significant increase in serum creatinine (0.12mg/DL), p = 0.02; and potassium (0.23 mmol/L), p 0.003 was seen during follow-up. Sacubitril-valsartan is well tolerated in patients with reduced EF undergoing CABG.
When even the prime minister sits on the municipal council. Analysing the value of ‘localness’ and Finnish MPs’ incentives to ‘cumulate’ in an open-list voting system
Authors: Arter David , Söderlund Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article addresses a curiously neglected question, namely why do the vast majority of Finnish MPs—one of the highest levels in the world—hold a seat on the municipal council? The basic presumption is that Finnish parliamentarians are not first and foremost ‘office-seekers’; they do not seek municipal council office as a primary goal. Rather, they view municipal elections as a means of attaining localness, either as a personal vote-earning attribute (PVEA) or then as a representational attribute, bolstering their credentials as ‘local MP’ for the municipality. To test this reasoning, the analysis focuses on MPs’ decisions on whether to contest the four municipal elections between 2008 and 2021 (n = 796). The results show that the incentive to ‘cumulate’ is greatest for first-term legislators and those occupying marginal list positions at the previous general election, but that the incidence of dual mandate-holding does not rise systematically with the size of the municipality whilst national celebrity trumps localness as the primary vote-earning attribute. The evidence is also consonant with the view that dual mandate-holding is as much a representational merit as an electoral imperative.
Mobilization of expert knowledge and advice for the management of the Covid-19 emergency in Italy in 2020
Authors: Camporesi Silvia , Angeli Federica , Fabbro Giorgia Dal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis qualitative case study is part of the international research project ESCaPE (Evaluating Scientific Advice in a Pandemic Emergency) and aims at understanding how expert advice has been sought, produced and utilized in the management of the Covid-19 emergency in Italy in 2020. Italy was the first country after China having to face the devastating effects of the Covid-19 soon to be pandemic. The state of national emergency was declared on January 31st, 2020, and the Italian Government sought expert advice as an important resource in the management of the pandemic. The Covid-19 crisis in Italy witnessed the emergence of different expert advisory groups: some envisaged by the law; some instituted ad hoc and tasked to deal with specific aspects of the emergency; and others that were already in place before the pandemic but that came to play a crucial role during the unfolding of the outbreak. This case study relies on a mix of both primary (stakeholder interviews) and secondary data collection (official documents and communications by expert advisory bodies, ministerial decrees, and policy documents). Our research shows three main findings: (a) the near-complete overlap of technical advice and political response in the first phase of the pandemic in Spring 2020, with a key policy role played by the advice provided by the Technical and Scientific Committee (CTS); (b) a predominance of epidemiologists and infectious disease specialists over social scientists in the mobilisation of experts for the management of the crisis in Italy; (c) a shift in containment policies from an emergency-based, very strict, national lockdown in the spring of 2020, to proactive risk-informed colour-coded regional restrictions in the fall and winter of 2020. Our case study ends at the end of 2020 and provides an overview and encompassing representation of the mobilization of experts, and of selected types of evidence, to manage the unprecedented health emergency, in year 1 of the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Our findings suggest that expert politics can lead to the confirmation of knowledge hierarchies that privilege hard sciences, and corroborate prior literature indicating that economic and social expertize has not been well integrated into public health expert advice, constituting a major challenge for policymaking during a health emergency.
Land-use trajectories for sustainable land system transformations: Identifying leverage points in a global biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Martin Dominic Andreas , Andrianisaina Fanilo , Fulgence Thio Rosin , Osen Kristina , Rakotomalala Anjaharinony Andry Ny Aina , Raveloaritiana Estelle , Soazafy Marie Rolande , Wurz Annemarie , Andriafanomezantsoa Rouvah , Andriamaniraka Harilala , Andrianarimisa Aristide , Barkmann Jan , Dröge Saskia , Grass Ingo , Guerrero-Ramirez Nathaly , Hänke Hendrik , Hölscher Dirk , Rakouth Bakolimalala , Ranarijaona Hery Lisy Tiana , Randriamanantena Romual , Ratsoavina Fanomezana Mihaja , Ravaomanarivo Lala Harivelo Raveloson , Schwab Dominik , Tscharntke Teja , Zemp Delphine Clara , Kreft Holger 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Finding entry points where policy has strong leverage to transform land systems for people and nature is pivotal. We develop an innovative framework to identify and evaluate such leverage points along land-use trajectories that account for path dependency. Applied to the biodiversity hotspot Madagascar, the framework reveals three leverage points: Two leverage points are associated with trade-offs between biodiversity, ecosystem services, and agricultural productivity, while the third entails cobenefits. Swift policy action is required, as path dependency caused by forest loss may soon put two leverage points out of reach. We argue that such closing windows of opportunity may be common, but often overlooked, calling for a wider consideration of path dependency in land-system science.
A diffusion MRI-based spatiotemporal continuum of the embryonic mouse brain for probing gene–neuroanatomy connections
Authors: Wu Dan , Richards Linda J. , Zhao Zhiyong , Cao Zuozhen , Luo Wanrong , Shao Wei , Shi Song-Hai , Miller Michael I. , Mori Susumu , Blackshaw Seth , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: February 2022

Significance
We established an ultra high-resolution diffusion MRI atlas of the embryonic mouse brains from E10.5 to E15.5, which characterizes the continuous changes of brain morphology and microstructures at mesoscopic scale. By integrating gene-expression data into the spatiotemporal continuum, we can navigate the evolving landscape of gene expression and neuroanatomy across both spatial and temporal dimensions to visualize their interactions in normal and abnormal embryonic brain development. We also identified regional clusters with distinct developmental trajectories and identified gene-expression profiles that matched to these regional domains. The diffusion MRI–based continuum of the embryonic brain and the computational techniques presented in this study offer a valuable tool for systematic study of the genetic control of brain development.
More comprehensive sex education reduced teen births: Quasi-experimental evidence
Authors: Mark Nicholas D. E. , Wu Lawrence L. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Sex education for youth in the United States has been the topic of considerable debate among researchers, policy makers, and the public at large. In this study, we focus attention on federal funding for more comprehensive sex education that was received by a mix of public and private organizations in 55 US counties. Our analyses provide population-level causal evidence that funding for more comprehensive sex education led to an overall reduction in the teen birth rate at the county level of more than 3%. This study thus contributes causal evidence relevant to ongoing debates on the potential role more comprehensive sex education may play in reducing teen births in the United States.
Sharp, localized phase transitions in single neuronal cells
Authors: Fedosejevs Carina S. , Schneider Matthias F. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Phase transitions in materials are accompanied by drastic changes in their properties. Systems abruptly become softer, more conductive, have better heat storage, or support chemical reactions more efficiently. Since changes take place over small variations in external conditions (tension, temperature, pH, calcium), they appear like an on/off switch. Here, we provide experimental evidence that membrane patches of single living cells can go through a reversible phase transition. It is extremely “sharp” (highly nonlinear), and from a thermodynamic point of view we conclude it cannot only be triggered by temperature but also by pH changes (as produced by enzymes). The results strongly support the idea that phase transitions may be a tool for living systems to control their functions even specifically.
Enhanced localized dipole of Pt-Au single-site catalyst for solar water splitting
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Hao Zhifei , Wang Haitao , Wang Tuo , Shen Zhurui , Zhang Hao , Zhan Sihui , Gong Jinlong 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Single-atom or single-site catalysts have received considerable research interest in photocatalysis and many other heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, the single metal sites did not obviously change the charge transportation process of the photocatalyst and thus hardly contributed to the enhancement of charge separation and transfer. Inspired by the synergy between metal species in classical catalytic reactions, this research presents a strategy of constructing a Pt-Au binary single-site catalyst. Pt-Au binary single sites not only functioned as the catalytic reactive sites but also modulated the charge distribution and enhanced the internal electric field. The concept and the strategy of this work are expected to provide a novel perspective for improving photocatalytic charge transportation dynamics.
Intergenerational changes in Gurindji Kriol
Authors: Sloan Bodean , Meakins Felicity , Algy Cassandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores intergenerational changes in Gurindji Kriol, in order to determine whether differences between adults and children are the result of an abrupt generational shift or an extended acquisition process. We analyse the production of Gurindji in the speech of five age groups of Gurindji Kriol speakers, using a set of 176 picture-prompt narratives from 70 different speakers. The data is analysed both synchronically (in apparent-time) and diachronically (in real-time). The synchronic snapshot of the data reveals that adults use significantly more Gurindji than children which can be interpreted as a generational shift towards Kriol. Nonetheless the real-time data shows that most children increase their use of Gurindji as they age which suggests an extended acquisition of Gurindji. Although contradictory on the surface, this study argues that these processes are occurring in tandem, with the extended acquisition of Gurindji by children slowing down the intergenerational shift towards Kriol.
Exercise‐induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults
Authors: Mendez‐Gutierrez Andrea , Aguilera Concepción M. , Osuna‐Prieto Francisco J. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Rico Prados Ma Cruz , Acosta Francisco M. , Llamas‐Elvira Jose M. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIn rodents, exercise alters the plasma concentration of exerkines that regulate white adipose tissue (WAT) browning or brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism. This study aims to analyse the acute and chronic effect of exercise on the circulating concentrations of 16 of these exerkines in humans. Ten young sedentary adults (6 female) performed a maximum walking effort test and a resistance exercise session. The plasma concentration of 16 exerkines was assessed before, and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after exercise. Those exerkines modified by exercise were additionally measured in another 28 subjects (22 women). We also measured the plasma concentrations of the exerkines before and after a 24‐week exercise programme (endurance + resistance; 3‐groups: control, moderate‐intensity and vigorous‐intensity) in 110 subjects (75 women). Endurance exercise acutely increased the plasma concentration of lactate, norepinephrine, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin 6, and follistatin‐like protein 1 (3 min after exercise), and musclin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (30 and 60 min after exercise), decreasing the plasma concentration of leptin (30 min after exercise). Adiponectin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), β‐aminoisobutyric acid, meteorin‐like, follistatin, pro‐ANP, irisin and myostatin were not modified or not detectable. The resistance exercise session increased the plasma concentration of lactate 3 min after exercise. Chronic exercise did not alter the plasma concentration of these exerkines. In sedentary young adults, acute endurance exercise releases to the bloodstream exerkines that regulate BAT metabolism and WAT browning. In contrast, neither a low‐volume resistance exercise session nor a 24‐week training programme modified plasma levels of these molecules.HighlightsAcute endurance exercise increases the plasma concentration of lactate, norepinephrine, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin 6, follistatin‐like protein 1, musclin, and fibroblast growth factor 21, and decrease the plasma concentration of leptin.The exercise‐induced change in lactate plasma concentration is positively associated with brown adipose tissue volume, glucose uptake and radiodensity.Neither acute resistance exercise nor chronic exercise significantly alter the plasma concentration of these exerkines.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02365129.
Dimension-programmable CsPbBr3 nanowires for plasmonic lasing with PDMS templated technique
Authors: Chu Kaiwen , Ma Fangyuan , Zhu Xiaojun , Jia Xiaohao , Huang Zhitao , Dong Keqian , Sun Jiaqian , Liu Kong , Jin Peng , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have superior gain properties, and they can be mass produced into nanowire structures through chemical synthesis. The application of perovskite materials into plasmonic nanowire lasers lowers the lasing threshold and simplifies the fabrication process. However, in nearly all previous reported cases, perovskite nanowires were randomly distributed onto metallic substrate when using the method of dry-transferring or direct chemical vapor deposition. As a result, the dimensions of perovskite nanowires are random and undesired photonic mode lasing may take place instead. Here we present a method for preparing polydimethylsiloxane templated CsPbBr3 nanowires upon Au substrate in controllable dimensions with height below cutoff size, therefore advantageous for plasmonic nanowire laser applications. Additionally, low threshold plasmonic lasing is observed in ridge structure CsPbBr3 nanowire waveguide with a total height of merely 160 nm on Au substrate. A faster radiative decay rate than its photonic counterpart is evident, as well as a dominant polarization parallel to the nanowire axial solidify plasmonic lasing. This work paves the way for mass production of perovskite plasmonic nanolasers.
Electronic cloaking of confined states in phosphorene junctions
Authors: Molina-Valdovinos S , Lamas-Martínez K J , Briones-Torres J A , Rodríguez-Vargas I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the electronic transport of armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) gated phosphorene junctions. We find confined states for both direction-dependent phosphorene junctions. In the case of AC junctions confined states are reflected in the transmission properties as Fabry–Pérot resonances at normal and oblique incidence. In the case of ZZ junctions confined states are invisible at normal incidence, resulting in a null transmission. At oblique incidence Fabry–Pérot resonances are presented in the transmission as in the case of AC junctions. This invisibility or electronic cloaking is related to the highly direction-dependent pseudospin texture of the charge carriers in phosphorene. Electronic cloaking is also manifested as a series of singular peaks in the conductance and as inverted peaks in the Seebeck coefficient. The characteristics of electronic cloaking are also susceptible to the modulation of the phosphorene bandgap and an external magnetic field. So, electronic cloaking in phosphorene junctions in principle could be tested through transport, thermoelectric or magnetotransport measurements.
Emergent force and work fluctuations in a bilayer superfluid Bose–Fermi mixture in mixed dimensions
Authors: Günay Mehmet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate a system of two-atomic species in mixed dimensions, in which one species is spread in a three-dimensional space and the other species is confined in two parallel layers. The presence of atoms in three-dimensions creates an induced potential for the ones confined in layers. Depending on the scattering (coherence) length and the layer separation, the formation of p-wave pairing within the same layer or s-wave pairing between different layers has been suggested. It was shown that these pairs cannot coexist when time-reversal symmetry is on, and there appears a transition from p-wave to s-wave as the ratio of the layer separation and the effective scattering length decreases. Here, we study the thermodynamical signatures of such transition and find that with the formation of the inter-layer pairing, an emergent force to be present at the critical point and show that it can be derived from the ground state energy. This result offers a tool for experimentally realizing such transitions, and can find notable potential in the field of quantum-thermodynamics.
Surface disinfection with silver loaded pencil graphite prepared with green UV photoreduction technique
Authors: Goh Simon Chun Kiat , Wu Wenshuai , Siah Chun Fei , Phee Derek Keng Yang , Liu Aiqun , Tay Beng Kang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Carbon-based materials have been studied for their antimicrobial properties. Previously, most antimicrobial studies are investigated with suspended nanoparticles in a liquid medium. Most works are often carried out with highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. These materials are expensive and are not viable for mass use on high-touch surfaces. Additionally, highly antimicrobial silver nanoparticles are often incorporated onto substrates by chemical reduction. At times, harmful chemicals are used. In this work, low-cost graphite pencils are mechanically exfoliated and transferred onto Si substrates. The sparsely-covered graphite flakes are treated by either plasma O2 or UV irradiation. Subsequently, Ag is photo reduced in the presence of UV onto selected graphite flake samples. It is found that graphite flake surface topography and defects are dependent on the treatment process. High surface roughness and (defects density, I
D/I
G) are induced by plasma O2 follows by UV and pristine graphite flake as follows: 6.45 nm (0.62), 4.96 nm (0.5), 3.79 nm (0.47). Antimicrobial tests with E. coli reveal high killing efficiency by photoreduced Ag-on-graphite flake. The reversible effect of Ag leaching can be compensated by repeating the photoreduction process. This work proposes that UV treatment is a promising technique over that of plasma O2 in view that the latter treated surface could repel bacteria resulting in lower bacteria-killing efficiency.
Unusual pseudocapacitive lithium-ion storage on defective Co3O4 nanosheets
Authors: Avvaru Venkata Sai , Vincent Mewin , Fernandez Ivan Jimenez , Hinder Steven J , Etacheri Vinodkumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Secondary lithium-ion batteries are restricted in large-scale applications including power grids and long driving electric vehicles owing to the low specific capacity of conventional intercalation anodes possessing sluggish Li-ion diffusion kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate an unusual pseudocapacitive lithium-ion storage on defective Co3O4 nanosheet anodes for high-performance rechargeable batteries. Cobalt-oxide nanosheets presented here composed of various defects including vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries. Unique 2D holey microstructure enabled efficient charge transport as well as provided room for volume expansions associated with lithiation-delithiation process. These defective anodes exhibited outstanding pseudocapacitance (up to 87%), reversible capacities (1490 mAh g–1 @ 25 mA g–1), rate capability (592 mAh g–1 @ 30 A g–1), stable cycling (85% after 500 cycles @ 1 A g–1) and columbic efficiency (∼100%). Exceptional Li-ion storage phenomena in defective Co3O4 nanosheets is accredited to the pseudocapacitive nature of conversion reaction resulting from ultrafast Li-ion diffusion through various crystal defects. The demonstrated approach of defect-induced pseudocapacitance can also be protracted for various low-cost and/or eco-friendly transition metal-oxides for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Tuning the optical properties of 2D monolayer silver-bismuth bromide double perovskite by halide substitution
Authors: Schmitz Fabian , Neisius Raphael , Horn Jonas , Sann Joachim , Schlettwein Derck , Gerhard Marina , Gatti Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Silver-bismuth double perovskites are promising replacement materials for lead-based ones in photovoltaic (PV) devices due to the lower toxicity and enhanced stability to environmental factors. In addition, they might even be more suitable for indoor PV, due to the size of their bandgap better matching white LEDs emission. Unfortunately, their optoelectronic performance does not reach that of the lead-based counterparts, because of the indirect nature of the band gap and the high exciton binding energy. One strategy to improve the electronic properties is the dimensional reduction from the 3D to the 2D perovskite structure, which features a direct band gap, as it has been reported for 2D monolayer derivates of Cs2AgBiBr6 obtained by substituting Cs+ cations with bulky alkylammonium cations. However, a similar dimensional reduction also brings to a band gap opening, limiting light absorption in the visible. In this work, we report on the achievement of a bathochromic shift in the absorption features of a butylammonium-based silver-bismuth bromide monolayer double perovskite through doping with iodide and study the optical properties and stability of the resulting thin films in environmental conditions. These species might constitute the starting point to design future sustainable materials to implement as active components in indoor photovoltaic devices used to power the IoT.