bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the combination ethinyl oestradiol and cyproterone acetate on endocrine, clinical and ultrasonographic profile in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Falsetti Leopoldo , Gambera Alessandro , Tisi Giancarlo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study shows the effect of a long-term treatment (60 cycles) with the ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone acetate pill, and the follow-up after 6 months from cessation, in polycystic ovarian syndrome. The 140 studied women had polycystic ovaries and moderate or severe acne, 108 also presented hirsutism. The endocrine profile significantly modified after six cycles (P < 0.001), with a further significant decrease of gonadotrophins, oestrogens and androgens after 12 cycles, and a greater increase of sex hormone-binding globulins and insulin-like growth factor-binding globulins. Between the 12th and 60th cycle there was only a significant reduction of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (P < 0.05). Acne disappeared in all patients within 12–24 cycles, but hirsutism was still present in 30.6% after 60 cycles. Mild-moderate hirsutism disappeared in 36–60 cycles, whereas severe hirsutism substantially decreased, but persisted. Ovarian volume, microcyst numbers and stroma percentage significantly decreased (P < 0.01). After 6 months from the end of the therapy, endocrine parameters were identical to the starting ones, acne and hirsutism reappeared, whereas ovarian morphology was between the initial and final condition. Ovaries were polycystic in 42 (30%) patients and multifolliculars in 98 (70%). Our results show the effectiveness of this combination on androgenic symptoms, especially on acne, and suggest that acne and hirsutism are induced by different peripheral mechanisms.
Subclinical Risk Factors for Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Among Black Adults
Authors: Zhao Li , Zierath Rani , John Jenine E. , Claggett Brian Lee , Hall Michael E. , Clark Donald , Butler Kenneth R. , Correa Adolfo , Shah Amil M. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceSparse data exist regarding the contributions of subclinical impairments in cardiovascular and noncardiovascular function to incident heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) among Black US residents, limiting understanding of the etiology of HF subtypes.ObjectivesTo identify subclinical cardiovascular and noncardiovascular risk factors associated with HFrEF and HFpEF in Black US residents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used cross-sectional and time-to-event analysis with data from the community-based Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a longitudinal cohort study with baseline data collected from 2000 to 2004 (visit 1) and 10-year follow-up for incident HF. Black US residents from the Jackson, Mississippi, metropolitan area enrolled in JHS; those with prevalent HF, with moderate or greater aortic or mitral valve diseases on visit 1, who died before 2005, and who had missing HF status on follow-up were excluded. The analysis included 4361 participants and was performed between June 2020 to August 2021.ExposuresQuantitative measures of cardiovascular (left ventricular mass index [LVMI], left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], left atrial [LA] diameter, and pulse pressure) and noncardiovascular (percent predicted forced expiration volume in 1 second [FEV1 (percent predicted)], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), waist circumference, and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] level) organ function.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident HF, HFrEF, and HFpEF over 10-year follow-up.ResultsThe 4361 participants had a mean (SD) age of 54 (13); 2776 (64%) were women; and there were 163 HFpEF and 146 HFrEF events. In multivariable models incorporating measures reflecting each organ system, factors associated with incident HFpEF included greater LA diameter (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.47; P = .02), higher pulse pressure (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05-1.44; P = .009), lower FEV1 (percent predicted) (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43; P = .02), lower eGFR (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.19-1.72; P &lt; .001), higher HbA1c level (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.45; P = .005), and higher waist circumference (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.18-1.69; P &lt; .001). Factors associated with incident HFrEF included greater LVMI (HR, 1.25; 1.07-1.46; P = .005), lower LVEF (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.42-1.91; P &lt; .001), lower FEV1 (percent predicted) (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.42; P = .047), and lower eGFR (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04-1.55; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this community-based cohort study of Black US residents, subclinical impairments in cardiovascular and noncardiovascular organ function were differentially associated with risk of incident HFpEF and HFrEF.
An Overview of Clinical Development of Agents for Metastatic or Advanced Breast Cancer Without ERBB2 Amplification (HER2-Low)
Authors: Prat Aleix , Bardia Aditya , Curigliano Giuseppe , Hammond M. Elizabeth H. , Loibl Sibylle , Tolaney Sara M. , Viale Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceErb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]) is an important prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. Anti-ERBB2 therapies have improved outcomes in ERBB2-positive breast cancer. However, based on current definitions, tumors with low ERBB2 expression are included in the ERBB2-negative subtype, and therefore, are ineligible for anti-ERBB2 therapies; patients with ERBB2-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1 positive [+] or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] negative [−]) tumors account for up to approximately 50% of breast cancer cases. Although the prognostic role of ERBB2-low needs to be defined, ERBB2 offers a potential therapeutic target in these patients.ObservationsMost breast cancer tumors have some ERBB2 expression, with ERBB2-low being more common in hormone receptor–positive than in hormone receptor–negative breast cancer. Although an early clinical study failed to demonstrate benefit of adjuvant trastuzumab for ERBB2-low disease, several novel anti-ERBB2 therapies have shown efficacy in ERBB2-low breast cancer, including the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan in a phase 3 trial, and trastuzumab duocarmazine and the bispecific antibody zenocutuzumab in early-phase studies. Although reports are conflicting, some differences in biology and patient outcomes have been found between ERBB2-low and ERBB2 IHC-0 breast cancer. Currently, no established guidelines exist for scoring ERBB2-low expression in breast cancer because the focus has been on binary classification as ERBB2-positive or ERBB2-negative. Additional interpretive cutoffs may be needed to select patients for treatment with effective agents in ERBB2-low breast cancer, along with standardized laboratory quality assurance programs to ensure consistent patient identification for eligibility for ERBB2-low targeting agents.Conclusions and RelevanceThis review suggests that ERBB2-low may be a distinct, clinically relevant breast cancer entity warranting reassessment of traditional diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms. Ongoing clinical trials and further investigations may provide optimized strategies for diagnosing and treating ERBB2-low breast cancer, including reproducible, consistent definitions to identify patients in this diagnostic category and demonstration of benefits of emerging therapies.
Pirellulaceae
Authors: Lage Olga Maria , Calisto Rita , Vitorino Inês , Øvreås Lise 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Pi.rel.lu.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Pirellula
, type genus of the family; suff. –
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Pirellulaceae
the
Pirellula
family.

Planctomycetota / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Pirellulaceae

The family
Pirellulaceae
belongs to the order
Pirellulales
of the class
Planctomycetia
and the phylum
Planctomycetota,
which is part of the PVC superphylum. The family
Pirellulaceae
accommodates 40 species, which belong to 13 genera with validly published names and 3 genera whose names remain to be validated. Members of the family display variable colony color and cell shape. Cells occur singly or organized in aggregates, rosettes, or chains. Mobility can occur. Division occurs by polar or lateral budding. Preference for neutral pH, mesophilic or tolerance to psychrophylic conditions, aerobic or microaerophilic or anaerobic lifestyle as well as heterotrophy are main physiological characteristics. Vitamin B
12
may be required. Phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, oleic/elaidic acid (C
18:1
ω9), and palmitic acid (C
16:0
) are the main polar lipids and the major fatty acids (respectively). Menaquinone 6 (MK‐6) is the most common quinone. Members of the family were isolated from a broad range of habitats. The genome size varies between 6.1 and 11.0 Mb. The type genus is
Pirellula
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.5–63.6 (genome analysis).

Type genus
:
Pirellula
Schlesner and Hirsch 1987
VP
emend. Schlesner et al. 2004.
Klugiella
Authors: Trujillo Martha E. , Riesco Raúl 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Klugiella
(Klu.gi.el'la. N.L. fem. n.
Klugiella
named after Michael J. Klug, an American entomologist/microbiologist who, along with S. Kotarski, first described the microbial community of
Tipula abdominalis
larval gut, from which strain 44C3
T
was isolated).

Actinomycetota / Actinomycetia / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Klugiella

Gram‐stain positive, aerobic, rod‐shaped actinobacteria. Nonmotile and non‐spore‐forming. Colonies are circular, convex, and yellow. Catalase positive and oxidase negative. Grows between 4–30°C, at pH 6–11 and on media supplemented with 1% NaCl. Chemoorganotrophic. Acid production for several carbohydrates is reported. Chemotaxonomic markers include a type B peptidoglycan and major menaquinones MK‐11 and MK‐12.
Klugiella
is phylogenetically related to the genera
Cryobacterium
,
Alpinimonas,
and
Lysinibacter
, all members of the family
Microbacteriaceae
. The closest neighbors are
Cryobacterium luteum
CGMCC1.11210
T
,
Cryobacterium aureum
Hh31
T
, and
Cryobacterium levicorallinum
Hh34
T
. The genus is represented by the single species
Klugiella xanthotipulae
, represented by strain 44C3
T
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 62.7 (WGS).

Type species
:
Klugiella xanthotipulae
Cook et al. 2008
VP
.
Association Between Change in Body Mass Index and Knee and Hip Replacements: A Survival Analysis of Seven to Ten Years Using Multicohort Data
Authors: Salis Zubeyir , Sainsbury Amanda 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo define the association between change in body mass index (BMI) and the risk of knee and hip replacement.MethodsWe used data from 3 independent cohort studies: the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST), and the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study, which collected data from adults (45–79 years of age) with or at risk of clinically significant knee osteoarthritis. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with clustering of both knees and hips per person to determine the association between change in BMI (our exposure of interest) and the incidence of primary knee and hip replacement over 7–10 years’ follow‐up. Change in BMI (in kg/m2) was calculated between baseline and the last follow‐up visit before knee or hip replacement, or for knees and hips that were not replaced, the last follow‐up visit.ResultsA total of 16,362 knees from 8,181 participants, and 16,406 hips from 8,203 participants, were eligible for inclusion in our knee and hip analyses, respectively. Change in BMI was positively associated with the risk of knee replacement (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00–1.06]) but not hip replacement (HRadj1.00 [95% CI 0.95–1.04]). The association between change in BMI and knee replacement was independent of participants’ BMI category at baseline (i.e., normal, overweight, or obese).ConclusionPublic health strategies incorporating weight loss interventions could reduce the burden of knee but not hip replacement surgery.
Amorphous Ultra‐Small Fe‐Based Nanocluster Engineered and ICG Loaded Organo‐Mesoporous Silica for GSH Depletion and Photothermal‐Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Tian Haina , Zhu Fukai , Jiang Suhua , He Maomao , Li Yang , Luo Qiang , Sun Wen , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Peiyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntracellular oxidative amplification can effectively destroy tumor cells. Additionally, Fe‐mediated Fenton reaction often converts cytoplasm H2O2 to generate extensive hypertoxic hydroxyl radical (•OH), leading to irreversible mitochondrion damage for tumor celleradication, which is widely famous as tumor chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Unfortunately, intracellular overexpressed glutathione (GSH) always efficiently scavenges •OH, resulting in the significantly reduced CDT effect. To overcome this shortcoming and improve the oxidative stress in cytoplasm, Fe3O4 ultrasmall nanoparticle encapsulated and ICG loaded organo‐mesoporous silica nanovehicles (omSN@Fe‐ICG) are constructed to perform both photothermal and GSH depletion to enhance the Fenton‐like CDT, by realizing intracellular oxidative stress amplification. After this nanoagents are internalized, the tetrasulfide bonds in the dendritic mesoporous framework can be decomposed with GSH to amplify the toxic ROS neration by selectively converting H2O2 to hydroxyl radicals through the released Fe‐based nanogranules. Furthermore, the NIR laser‐induced hyperthermia can further improve the Fenton reaction rate that simultaneously destroyed the mitochondria. As a result, the GSH depletion and photothermal assisted CDT can remarkably improve the tumor eradication efficacy.
Synthesis of Ambient Copolymerization CQAS Hydrogel Composite Membrane with Enhanced Antifouling
Authors: Li Yamin , Chen Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogel molecular structure contained massive hydrophilic groups, which can capture water molecules to form the rejection layer of natural organic matter (NOM). Aiming at introducing the excellent properties of hydrogels into the water treatment separation membrane, a new kind of positive charged ambient self‐crosslinking chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQAS) hydrogel is designed and applied to prepare a hydrogel composite membrane via surface coating method. Effects of the amount of initiator on the ambient self‐cross‐linking time of CQAS hydrogels is discussed, as well as the impacts of coating amount of ambient self‐cross‐linking CQAS pre‐gel solution on the comprehensive properties of the composite membranes is also studied. The membrane structure and morphology is characterized by FT‐IR, FE‐SEM, AFM, and the membrane properties are evaluated by dynamic contact angle and membrane performance evaluation instrument. The obtained CQAS hydrogel composite membrane exhibited super hydrophilicity, high, and stable separation performance of monovalent and divalent cations, excellent long‐term tolerance, and resistance to NOM contaminants. Specifically, in the dynamic antifouling test, the stable flux recovery rate of the CQAS hydrogel membrane to the simulative contaminants BSA, HA, and SA are 82.95%, 92.89%, and 73.37%, respectively.
Carbon Nanotube‐Based Strain Sensors: Structures, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Wang Rui , Sun Luanfa , Zhu Xiaoyang , Ge Wensong , Li Hongke , Li Zhenghao , Zhang Houchao , Huang Youqi , Li Zengcheng , Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Zhao Jiawei , Xu Quan , Lan Hongbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensors have received widespread attention because of their great potential in many fields. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as conductive materials for flexible strain sensors due to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties, and the fabricated flexible strain sensors have excellent sensing performance. This paper systematically summarizes the advances in flexible resistance‐type strain sensors based on CNTs. The strain sensing mechanisms are introduced, including crack extension, tunneling effect, and disconnection of overlapping materials. The performance parameters of the sensors, including sensitivity, stretchability, linearity, hysteresis, dynamic durability, and transparency, are discussed comprehensively. The coating methods, 3D printing techniques, chemical vapor deposition, transfer methods, and spinning processes used to fabricate CNT strain sensors are highlighted. The effect of isolated and porous internal conductive structures, folded and microcracked surface structures, films and fabrics macroscopic structures on sensor performance were systematically analyzed. The applications of the sensors in medical health, motion monitoring, gesture recognition, human–computer interaction, and soft robotics are provided in detail. Finally, the future challenges of CNT flexible strain sensors are summarized and the outlook is presented. Although CNT strain sensors have made great progress so far, there are still many problems that need researchers’ attention and solutions.
Achieving Small Temperature Coefficients in Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Enhancing Electron Extraction
Authors: Zhang Xian , Guan Yan , Zhang Yangyang , Yu Wenjin , Wu Cuncun , Han Jiaheng , Zhang Yafei , Chen Cong , Zheng Shijian , Xiao Lixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHole transport layer (HTL)‐free carbon electrode‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent stability and simple fabrication process. However, the photovoltaic parameters of C‐PSCs usually exhibit large negative temperature coefficients (TCs). Herein, the TCs of C‐PSCs can be suppressed by enhancing electron extraction. An efficient electron transport layer (ETL), [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)‐coated nanoneedle‐like brookite TiO2 (ND‐B‐TiO2) is used as ETL to prepare HTL‐free pure FAPbI3‐based C‐PSCs. Compared with bare ND‐B‐TiO2, PCBM@ND‐B‐TiO2 shows higher electron mobility, and better band alignment with formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite, as well as improved contact with perovskite, which leads to enhanced electron extraction and transportation. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of HTL‐free carbon‐based FAPbI3 PSC can reach up to 14.55%, which is one of the highest efficiencies for FAPbI3‐based planar C‐PSCs so far. More importantly, the optimized device is less sensitive to the operating temperature due to the boosted carrier extraction and passivated interface defects, showing a small TC(PCE) of only ≈−0.11%/°C between 25 °C and 85 °C. The work demonstrates that enhancing electron extraction is an effective way to achieve high‐performance C‐PSCs and high‐temperature solar cells.
Gold Catalysis: 2,3‐ or 1,4‐Addition to Butadiynes
Authors: Stein Philipp M. , Pascher Jonas , Stracke Jonas , Levacher Victor S. , Wagner Josefine A. , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the past, numerous impressive methodologies have been developed in homogeneous gold catalysis, typically using alkynes, allenes, or different non‐conjugated diyne systems as starting materials. While there are applications catalyzed by other transition metals, the use of 1,3‐butadiyne derivatives has been largely neglected in gold catalysis. In this work we present an efficient gold‐catalyzed method focusing on the functionalization of this specific type of diynes. The starting materials can be synthesized via simple Glaser Coupling, starting from cheap, highly variable, terminal alkynes. These homocoupling products, which are often observed as undesirable side‐products in Sonogashira reactions, can be converted into versatile 1,3‐butadiene derivatives in alcohol as a solvent and nucleophile under mild conditions. The possible field of application of the 1,3‐butadiene derivatives known from the literature is very broad and ranges from a use as transistor or OLED material to a use as an enzyme inhibitor. The approach presented here offers an attractive and highly effective way to versatile functionalized 1,3‐butadiene derivatives.magnified image
Synthesis of Chiral, Fused Tricyclic Molecules by Sequential Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions of Simple Substrates
Authors: Saltó Joan , Biosca Maria , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA set of complex tricyclic compounds containing several functional groups and multiple stereogenic centers has been prepared in only two steps with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The synthesis takes advantage of the highly versatile and enantioselective Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution of simple cyclic allylic acetates or carbonates to form chiral 1,6‐, 1,7‐ and 1,8‐enynes, which are then diastereoselectively transformed to the corresponding cyclopentenone‐ and cyclobutene‐based tricyclic compounds.magnified image
Gold Nanoparticles Disrupt the IGFBP2/mTOR/PTEN Axis to Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Growth
Authors: Hossen Md. Nazir , Wang Lin , Dwivedi Shailendra Kumar Dhar , Zhang Yushan , Rao Geeta , Elechalwar Chandra Kumar , Sheth Vinit , Dey Anindya , Asfa Sima , Gulla Suresh Kumar , Xu Chao , Fung Kar‐Ming , Robertson J. David , Bieniasz Magdalena , Wilhelm Stefan , Bhattacharya Resham , Mukherjee Priyabrata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBy exploiting the self‐therapeutic properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) a molecular axis that promotes the growth of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), one of the deadliest gynecologic malignancies with poorly understood underlying molecular mechanisms, has been identified. The biodistribution and toxicity of GNPs administered by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, both as a single dose or by repeated dosing over two weeks are first assessed; no biochemical or histological toxicity to vital organs is found. Using an orthotopic patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model of HGSOC, the authors then show that GNP treatment robustly inhibits tumor growth. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the GNP efficacy reveals that GNPs downregulate insulin growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) by disrupting its autoregulation via the IGFBP2/mTOR/PTEN axis. This mechanism is validated by treating a cell line‐based human xenograft tumor with GNPs and an mTOR dual‐kinase inhibitor (PI‐103), either individually or in combination with GNPs; GNP and PI‐103 combination therapy inhibit ovarian tumor growth similarly to GNPs alone. This report illustrates how the self‐therapeutic properties of GNPs can be exploited as a discovery tool to identify a critical signaling axis responsible for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer and provides an opportunity to interrogate the axis to improve patient outcomes.
Geometric Constraints Regulate Energy Metabolism and Cellular Contractility in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Coordinating Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
Authors: Liu Han , Liu Yuefeng , Wang He , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Tao , Xie Si‐an , Liu Yueqi , Tang Yuanjun , Peng Qin , Pang Wei , Yao Weijuan , Zhou Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) can adapt to changes in cellular geometric cues; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Using 2D micropatterned substrates to engineer cell geometry, it is found that in comparison with an elongated geometry, a square‐shaped geometry causes the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic redistribution of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), hypermethylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), repression of mtDNA gene transcription, and impairment of mitochondrial function. Using irregularly arranged versus circumferentially aligned vascular grafts to control cell geometry in 3D growth, it is demonstrated that cell geometry, mtDNA methylation, and vessel contractility are closely related. DNMT1 redistribution is found to be dependent on the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Cell elongation activates cytosolic phospholipase A2, a nuclear mechanosensor that, when inhibited, hinders AKT phosphorylation, DNMT1 nuclear accumulation, and energy production. The findings of this study provide insights into the effects of cell geometry on SMC function and its potential implications in the optimization of vascular grafts.