bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural diagenesis of deep carbonate rocks controlled by intra‐cratonic strike‐slip faulting: An example in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Yu Jinxin , Shi Kaibo , Wang Qiqi , Liu Bo , Han Jun , Song Yanchen , Kong Yue , Jiang Weimin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Ordovician fracture‐cavity reservoirs in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin, China, afford an exceptional opportunity to use petrological and geochemical data to investigate structural diagenesis in deep low‐porosity (‘tight’) carbonate rocks. We obtained the relative timings for the development of fracture veins using petrological and cathodoluminescence analyses of minerals from representative samples. Textural observations combined with geochemical data determined the source and timing of the mineral‐forming fluid. The conceptual model of the overall temporal evolutions of structure and fluid flow developed herein indicates that fluid flow is a consequence of strike‐slip fault activity and the local stress state. Strike‐slip faults control the development of fractured–vuggy reservoir space and provide driving force for fluid flow along and across layers. Simultaneously, the direction of fluid migration can be influenced by local stress conditions, while compressive stress may restrict fluid flow. Results of this study suggest that open fractures develop as a result of structural diagenesis, rather than resulting from a single structural factor. The findings of this study can be used to inform the exploration and exploitation of deeply buried faulted carbonate reservoirs worldwide.
Lower bone density and microarchitecture alterations in HIV‐infected Brazilian men aged 50 years and older are associated with estradiol levels
Authors: Oliveira Felipe P. , Lima Luis F. C. , de Paula Paranhos Neto Francisco , de Mendonça Laura M. C. , Schtscherbyna Annie , de Lima Luiz A. A. , Fonseca Branca A. , Madeira Miguel , Luiz Ronir R. , Neto Leonardo V. , Farias Maria L. F. , Machado Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveCombination antiretroviral treatment (cART) allows for longer survival for people living with HIV and hence long‐term complications of both disease and treatment are common. Our purpose was to evaluate bone alterations in men living with HIV (MLWH) and receiving cART and to identify associated factors that can be corrected or mitigated.Patients and DesignThirty MLWH and 36 healthy controls (≥50 years) were studied for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure (high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography [HR‐pQCT]), serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, 25(OH)D, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), glucose, creatinine, and albumin levels.ResultsThe proportion of patients classified as osteoporosis (according to the lowest aBMD T‐score) was higher among MLWH as compared to controls (17.9% vs. 5.9%, p = .011). The MLWH showed significant alterations in cortical and trabecular bone on HR‐pQCT, which were not associated with the duration of HIV infection or cART. These differences in vBMD and bone microstructure seen in HR‐pQCT persisted in the nonosteoporotic MLWH as compared to nonosteoporotic control subjects. Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass were lower in MLWH and positively associated with total vBMD, cortical bone area, and thickness. E2 and E2/T ratios were lower in MLWH than in controls and significantly correlated with several cortical and trabecular bone parameters. Multivariate regression analysis entering simultaneously age, BMI, and E2 defined that E2 is an independent influence on bone parameters evaluated by HR‐pQCT.ConclusionMLWH have alterations in bone volumetric density and microstructure when compared with controls, irrespective of aBMD, which are associated with lower E2 and BMI.
Floral resource continuity boosts bumble bee colony performance relative to variable floral resources
Authors: Hemberger Jeremy , Witynski Grant , Gratton Claudio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCenturies of landscape changes associated with agriculture have dramatically reduced the amount and increased the temporal variability of the floral resources that support key pollinating insects such as bumble bees. Adapting to these novel resource conditions is important to ensure the persistence of bumble bee species. While several species appear to be in decline in modern agricultural landscapes, others have thrived, suggesting adaptation to exploit highly variable floral resources.Bombus impatiens, the common eastern bumble bee, is a prime example of such a species.We designed an experiment to compare how free‐foraging colonies ofB. impatiensperformed adjacent to areas with either temporally continuous or variable (pulsed) patches of purple tansy (Phacelia tanacetifolia) plantings.We found that colonies inPhacelialandscapes grew faster, had gained more mass, and produced more gynes than did colonies in reference landscapes with noPhacelia.Comparing colony responses between pulsed and continuous flowering resources showed that total mass gain at the end of the experiment was greater with continuous flowering resources. In contrast, colony growth rate and total gyne production were comparable for colonies adjacent toPhaceliaplantings that were continuous versus pulsed.While low in statistical replication, given the scale of the experimental manipulation, our experiment shows that althoughB. impatienscolonies can exploit periods of resource discontinuity and gain mass, these continuously available floral resources appear important for colony growth and benefit gyne production.
Breeding for improved protein fractions and free amino acids concentration in bovine milk
Authors: Visentin Giulio , Berry Donagh P. , Costa Angela , McDermott Audrey , De Marchi Massimo , McParland Sinead 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsiderable resources are required to routinely measure detailed milk compositional traits. Hence, an insufficient volume of phenotypic data can hinder genetic progress in these traits within dairy cow breeding programmes. The objective of the present study was to quantify the opportunities for breeding for improved milk protein and free amino acid (FAA) composition by exploiting mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) predictions routinely recorded from milk samples. Genetic parameters for protein fractions and FAA composition were estimated using 134,546 test‐day records from 16,166 lactations on 9,572 cows using linear mixed models. Heritability of MIRS‐predicted protein fractions ranged from 0.19 (α‐lactalbumin) to 0.55 (β‐lactoglobulin A), while heritability of MIRS‐predicted FAA ranged from 0.08 for glycine to 0.29 for glutamic acid. Genetic correlations among the MIRS‐predicted FAA were moderate to strong ranging from −0.44 (aspartic acid and lysine) to 0.97 (glutamic acid and total FAA). Adjustment of the genetic correlations for the genetic merit of 24‐h milk yield did not greatly affect the correlations. Results from the current study highlight the presence of exploitable genetic variation for both protein fractions and FAA in dairy cow milk. Besides, the direction of genetic correlations reveals that breeding programmes directly selecting for greater milk protein concentration carry with them favourable improvement in casein and whey fractions.
Genetic diversity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Fouquet, 1876) infecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in Turkey
Authors: Pekmezci Gokmen Zafer , Yildirim Alparslan , Duzlu Onder , Simsek Emrah , Balta Fikri , Yardimci Banu , Onuk Ertan Emek , Onder Zuhal , Ciloglu Arif , Yetismis Gamze , Yilmaz Erdal , Inci Abdullah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe assessed genetic diversities among Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) field isolates collected from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. The overall prevalence of Ich was 35.3% (634/1798). Five novel Ich genotypes (ImulTR1 and ImulTR3‒ImulTR6) were described based on mitochondrial cox‐1 and nad1_b genes. The remaining genotype ImulTR2 was identical to the previously reported NY3 (or Ark9 and TW7) genotype from the United States and South Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Turkish Ich isolates separated genetically into at least four distinct groups. Our study presents the first data on the genotypes of Ich in Turkey. We also provide evidence for the wide distribution of the NY3 genotype (or Ark9 and TW7) from the United States and South Asia to Turkey. Genetic diversities within the mitochondrial genes provided adequate resolution for describing novel genotypes and identifying the known genotype within Turkish Ich isolates. Description of the Ich genotypes allows for tracking of pathogen genotypes worldwide. Thus, we can better understand the connections between Ich outbreaks in the fisheries aquaculture.
Validity and reliability of a questionnaire measuring EBDPs among registered dietitian nutritionist
Authors: Van Horn Leslie Thompson , Wright Lauri , Arikawa Andrea Y. , Sealey‐Potts Claudia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of a valid and reliable instrument that measures objective and subjective knowledge of evidence‐based dietetic practices (EBDP) among registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). The present study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of an EBDP Questionnaire (EBDPQ) with objective knowledge items (i.e., quiz items) among RDNs in the USA.MethodsSubscales from four existing evidence‐based practice (EBP) instruments were combined and modified for dietetics. Content and face validity and internal consistency were used to assess the full survey. Survey responsiveness and test–retest reliability were evaluated within the objective knowledge subscale. Content experts (n = 11) and nutrition professionals (n = 16) completed validation reviews. Doctoral students enrolled in a research course (n = 12) were used to analyse survey responsiveness. Internal and test–retest relability analyses utilised RDN participants (time point 1, n = 482; time point 2, n = 335).ResultsContent validation resulted in a 38‐item questionnaire. Average percent agreement among face validity reviewers was 95.1%. Only the pre‐validation version of the objective knowledge subscale resulted in significantly higher post‐course scores (Mdn = 11.50) compared to the pre‐course (Mdn = 9.75, p = 0.05). The validated instrument had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91); however, the objective knowledge subscale was low (Cronbach's α = 0.41). A good degree of reliability was found between the two time points (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.71).ConclusionsThe EBDPQ demonstrated adequate validity and reliability among RDNs. Future research should assess construct validity, with the responsiveness and objective knowledge subscale requiring additional evaluation through an EBDP course.
Designing topical hyaluronic acid technology—Size does matter…
Authors: Widgerow Alan D. , Ziegler Mary E. , Garruto John A. , Mraz Robinson Deanne , Palm Melanie D. , Vega Janelle H. , Bell Michaela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionHyaluronic acid (HA) plays an important role in cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrate that low molecular weight (MW) HA has pro‐inflammatory characteristics while high MW HA is considered anti‐inflammatory and regenerative. In formulating a topical HA product, the possibility of creating a focused high MW HA technology was posed, combining external surface high MW HA constituents with active agents promoting fibroblast production of high MW in the depths of the dermis.MethodsHuman dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were treated with various agents, and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was conducted to identify genes involved in HA synthesis. HA production by fibroblasts was assessed by collecting the culture supernatant, concentrating the protein, and conducting polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The gel was stained with Stains‐All to identify bands relative to known HA products of different MWs. Subsequently, the supernatants were treated with hyaluronidase to confirm the bands corresponded to HA.ResultsThe RNA‐seq results revealed a variety of agents upregulated HA‐related genes. However, a potent upregulation of HA synthesis gene was observed by hexapeptide‐11 in the keratinocytes and a newly identified proprietary octapeptide in the fibroblasts. PAGE demonstrated not only robust production of HA by octapeptide, but significantly, the HA produced was ~2 Mega Daltons in size. Octapeptide was the most potent stimulator among the tested agents.ConclusionComprehensive in vitro testing identified a group of active agents that stimulated high MW HA production. This novel approach to HA topical application with exclusively high MW HA production should maximize hydration capacity while encouraging regenerative activity within the ECM. Multi‐center trials are underway.
Fecal luminal factors from patients with irritable bowel syndrome induce distinct gene expression of colonoids
Authors: Iribarren Cristina , Nordlander Sofia , Sundin Johanna , Isaksson Stefan , Savolainen Otto , Törnblom Hans , Magnusson Maria K. , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlteration of the host‐microbiota cross talk at the intestinal barrier may participate in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, we aimed to determine effects of fecal luminal factors from IBS patients on the colonic epithelium using colonoids.MethodsColon‐derived organoid monolayers, colonoids, generated from a healthy subject, underwent stimulation with fecal supernatants from healthy subjects and IBS patients with predominant diarrhea, phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokines in cell cultures and fecal LPS were measured by ELISA and mRNA gene expression of monolayers was analyzed using Qiagen RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. The fecal microbiota profile was determined by the GA‐map™ dysbiosis test and the fecal metabolite profile was analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.Key resultsColonoid monolayers stimulated with fecal supernatants from healthy subjects (n = 7), PBS (n = 4) or LPS (n = 3) presented distinct gene expression profiles, with some overlap (R2Y = 0.70, Q2 = 0.43). Addition of fecal supernatants from healthy subjects and IBS patients (n = 9) gave rise to different gene expression profiles of the colonoid monolayers (R2Y = 0.79, Q2 = 0.64). Genes (n = 22) related to immune response (CD1D, TLR5) and barrier integrity (CLDN15, DSC2) contributed to the separation. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in colonoid monolayer cultures were comparable when stimulated with fecal supernatants from either donor types. Fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles, but not LPS content, differed between the study groups.ConclusionsFecal luminal factors from IBS patients induce a distinct colonic epithelial gene expression, potentially reflecting the disease pathophysiology. The culture of colonoids from healthy subjects with fecal supernatants from IBS patients may facilitate the exploration of IBS related intestinal micro‐environmental and barrier interactions.
Phylogeny, biogeography and classification of Teletisoptera (Blattaria: Isoptera)
Authors: Wang Menglin , Hellemans Simon , Šobotník Jan , Arora Jigyasa , Buček Aleš , Sillam‐Dussès David , Clitheroe Crystal , Lu Tomer , Lo Nathan , Engel Michael S. , Roisin Yves , Evans Theodore A. , Bourguignon Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTermites are social cockroaches distributed throughout warm temperate and tropical ecosystems. The ancestor of modern termites roamed the earth during the early Cretaceous, suggesting that both vicariance and overseas dispersal may have shaped the distribution of early diverging termites. We investigate the historical biogeography of three early diverging termite families –Stolotermitidae, Hodotermitidae and Archotermopsidae (clade Teletisoptera) – using the nuclear rRNA genes and mitochondrial genomes of 27 samples. Our analyses confirm the monophyly of Teletisoptera, with Stolotermitidae diverging from Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae approximately 100 Ma. Although Hodotermitidae are monophyletic, our results demonstrate the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the timing of divergence among the main lineages of Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae are compatible with vicariance. In the Stolotermitidae, however, the common ancestors of modern Porotermes Hagen and Stolotermes Hagen are roughly as old as 20 and 35 Ma, respectively, indicating that the presence of these genera in South America, Africa and Australia involved over‐water dispersals. Overall, our results suggest that early diverging termite lineages acquired their current distribution through a combination of over‐water dispersals and dispersal via land bridges. We clarify the classification by resolving the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae, restricting the family to Archotermopsis Desneux and Zootermopsis Emerson and elevating Hodotermopsinae (Hodotermopsis Holmgren) as Hodotermopsidae (status novum).
Trade liberalisation and the extensive margin of differentiated goods: Evidence from China*
Authors: Van Biesebroeck Johannes , Yi Yingting , Zaurino Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe exploit tariff reductions associated with China's entry into the WTO to evaluate whether the response of trade flows at the extensive margin depends on the degree of product differentiation. We adopt a 4‐way difference‐in‐differences approach to identify the effects as cleanly as possible by comparing market entry of products from each WTO member into China with entry into India and Indonesia. The absolute tariff elasticities are estimated to be relatively large, compared to existing estimates. This is especially true for differentiated goods, for goods with low Chinese demand elasticity and for exports from OECD countries. We provide both new evidence and a theoretical justification for the heterogeneity of these effects across products and countries.
Association between SARS‐COV‐2 infection and muscle strain injury occurrence in elite male football players: a prospective study of 29 weeks including three teams from the Belgian professional football league
Authors: Wezenbeek Evi , Denolf Sander , Willems Tine Marieke , Pieters Dries , Bourgois Jan G , Philippaerts Renaat M , De Winne Bram , Wieme Matthias , Van Hecke Robbe , Markey Laurence , Schuermans Joke , Witvrouw Erik , Verstockt Steven 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and muscle strain injury in elite athletes.MethodsA prospective cohort study in three Belgian professional male football teams was performed during the first half of the 2020–2021 season (June 2020–January 2021). Injury data were collected using established surveillance methods. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed by a PCR test before each official game.ResultsOf the 84 included participants, 22 were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 14 players developed a muscle strain during the follow-up period. Cox’s proportional hazards regression analyses demonstrated a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of muscle strain (HR 5.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 23.1; p=0.037), indicating an increased risk of developing muscle strains following SARS-CoV-2 infection. All athletes who sustained a muscle strain after infection were injured within the first month (15.71±11.74 days) after sports resumption and completed a longer time in quarantine (14.57±6.50 days) compared with the infected players who did not develop a muscle strain (11.18±5.25 days).ConclusionThis study reported a five times higher risk of developing a muscle strain after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in elite male football players. Although this association should be examined further, it is possible that short-term detraining effects due to quarantine, and potentially pathological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with a higher risk of muscle strain injury.
Faecal calprotectin and rectal histological inflammatory markers in cystic fibrosis: a single-centre study
Authors: Roda Juliana , Maia Carla , Almeida Susana , Oliveira Rui Caetano , Ferreira Ricardo , Oliveira Guiomar 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo analyse the association of faecal calprotectin with the genetic and clinical characteristics of paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). In a subset of these patients, we aimed to associate histological inflammatory features of rectal mucosa to faecal calprotectin levels.MethodsIn a prospective study, faecal calprotectin levels were collected in all 23 PwCF attending our paediatric centre, together with demographic and clinical data. Associations between faecal calprotectin and clinical features were determined. In 11 of these patients, endoscopic rectal biopsies were obtained and the association between faecal calprotectin and histological inflammatory markers was analysed. Statistical analyses included Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated.ResultsMedian age of PwCF was 12 years, 19 had pancreatic insufficiency (PI) (19/23). Seventeen (17/23) had elevated faecal calprotectin, and the median value was 88 µg/g (IQR=178 µg/g). Higher faecal calprotectin levels were observed in the PI group (101 vs 30 µg/g, p=0.027). No significant correlation between elevated faecal calprotectin level and body mass index z-score was found. Five patients (22%) reported abdominal pain, three (13%) complained of diarrhoea and three (13%) had constipation, but these symptoms were not associated with elevated faecal calprotectin.Unspecific focal rectal inflammation was found in four patients (4/11). An association between rectal mucosa inflammation and elevated faecal calprotectin was found (p=0.015). Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 86%.ConclusionsIn our PwCF, elevated faecal calprotectin was frequent, particularly if PI, and it was not related to gastrointestinal symptoms or malnutrition. Elevated faecal calprotectin was present in patients with histological evidence of rectal inflammation. Faecal calprotectin may be an indicator of asymptomatic rectal inflammation in PwCF.