bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation of lateral connectivity and fish population dynamics in large rivers
Authors: Stoffels Rick J. , Humphries Paul , Bond Nick R. , Price Amina E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLateral Hydrological Connectivity (LHC) has been extensively fragmented in river–floodplain ecosystems of the world. Uncertainties about how LHC affects fishes are great, impeding the design of effective rehabilitation strategies. Existing conceptual frameworks do not provide sufficient mechanistic detail to support the novel decision problems river managers face. We offer a framework of how LHC affects fishes in river–floodplain ecosystems that is, process‐based, integrates all life‐stages and is spatial; these features, we argue, are required to assess risks and opportunities associated with different LHC rehabilitation strategies. Within river–floodplain segments, LHC affects population processes through five ‘effect‐classes’: effects of floodplain habitat (1) and channel habitat (2); effects of material subsidies from the floodplain to the channel (3) andvice versa(4); and effects of connectivity on lateral dispersal (5). The relative influence of these effect‐classes on processes varies among species and life‐stages. At the scale of the drainage basin, inter‐segment variation in geomorphology generates a longitudinal source‐sink structure to habitat quality and quantity, pointing to a need to better understand fish metapopulation dynamics in river–floodplain ecosystems. Given the significant investment in trying to restore river–floodplain ecosystems, we highlight potentially costly and ineffective LHC management decisions. These include certain heavily engineered LHC rehabilitation strategies that do not promote critical population processes at a local scale, and at basin scales implementing strategies that do not facilitate the metapopulation processes that promote species’ persistence.
Using probabilistic neural networks for modeling metal fatigue and random vibration in process pipework
Authors: Nashed Mohamad Shadi , Mohamed M Shadi , Shady Omar Tawfik , Renno Jamil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany experiments are usually needed to quantify probabilistic fatigue behavior in metals. Previous attempts used separate artificial neural network (ANN) to calculate different probabilistic ranges which can be computationally demanding for building probabilistic fatigue constant life diagram (CLD). Alternatively, we propose using probabilistic neural network (PNNs) which can capture data distribution parameters. The resulted model is generative and can quantify aleatoric uncertainty using a single network. Two tests are presented. The first captures the fatigue life aleatoric uncertainty for P355NL1 steel and successfully builds a probabilistic fatigue CLD. The resulted network is not only more efficient but also provides higher accuracy compared with ANN. To assess fatigue, the second test examines vibrations of a pipework assembly. The proposed methodology quantifies the nonlinear relation between the vibration velocity and the equivalent stress and successfully reflects measurements uncertainties in fatigue assessment. The proposed methodology is published in opensource format (https://github.com/MShadiNashed/probabilistic-machine-learning-for-fatigue-data).
Environmentally induced functional shifts in phytoplankton and their potential consequences for ecosystem functioning
Authors: Di Pane Julien , Wiltshire Karen Helen , McLean Matthew , Boersma Maarten , Meunier Cédric Léo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhytoplanktonic organisms are particularly sensitive to environmental change, and, as they represent a direct link between abiotic and biotic compartments within the marine food web, changes in the functional structure of phytoplankton communities can result in profound impacts on ecosystem functioning. Using a trait‐based approach, we examined changes in the functional structure of the southern North Sea phytoplankton over the past five decades in relation to environmental conditions. We identified a shift in functional structure between 1998 and 2004 which coincides with a pronounced increase in diatom and decrease in dinoflagellate abundances, and we provide a mechanistic explanation for this taxonomic change. Early in the 2000s, the phytoplankton functional structure shifted from slow growing, autumn blooming, mixotrophic organisms, towards earlier blooming and faster‐growing microalgae. Warming and decreasing dissolved phosphorus concentrations were linked to this rapid reorganization of the functional structure. We identified a potential link between this shift and dissolved nutrient concentrations, and we hypothesise that organisms blooming early and displaying high growth rates efficiently take up nutrients which then are no longer available to late bloomers. Moreover, we identified that the above‐mentioned functional change may have bottom‐up consequences, through a food quality‐driven negative influence on copepod abundances. Overall, our study highlights that, by altering the phytoplankton functional composition, global and regional changes may have profound long‐term impacts on coastal ecosystems, impacting both food‐web structure and biogeochemical cycles.
Development of patient‐centric eating advice for complete denture wearers
Authors: Al‐Sultani Hassan Faleeh Farhan , Breckons Matthew , Field James , Thomason J. Mark , Moynihan Paula 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEdentulous people eat less healthily, and wearing dentures impairs eating function and enjoyment.ObjectiveTo apply a sequential approach to integrate scientific evidence, and patient and professional experience to co‐develop intervention to support better eating with dentures.MethodsFocus groups, two with purposive samples of patients and two with dental professionals, explored experiences and opinions about advice on eating with complete dentures. Findings were distilled with evidence from the literature to underpinned concepts for eating interventions. User engagement informed prioritisation of ideas and led to the development of a leaflet on eating with dentures.ResultsPatients receive no advice on what they can realistically expect when eating with dentures, and professionals lacked confidence to provide eating advice. Patients did not think dentists a credible provider of eating advice, feeling peer support more appropriate and offering numerous strategies for eating with dentures. Concepts for eating intervention included a patient leaflet, Web‐based eating interventions, patient support blogs, waiting room videos and improved nutrition training for dental professionals. User feedback informed prioritisation of ideas, leading to the development of a leaflet on eating with dentures. Justified by the data, the leaflet focused on patient‐generated tips for overcoming the functional limitations of eating with dentures, and unobtrusive healthier eating advice. Face validity with users confirmed acceptability.ConclusionA systematic and rigorous integration of scientific evidence, expert experience and patient input has developed a patient‐centric, evidence‐based approach to a patent leaflet on eating with dentures that, based on initial face validity, is likely to be well received.
Urinary incontinence and health burden of female patients in China: Subtypes, symptom severity and related factors
Authors: Qiu Zhaolong , Li Wanzhen , Huang Yanhong , Huang Wenlong , Shi Xiaoling , Wu Kusheng 
Published: January 2022

AimUrinary incontinence (UI) causes long‐term physical and psychological suffering to patients. Risk factors for different UI subtypes and symptom severity are still unclear, as well as their associations. We aimed to examine the potential influencing factors of UI episodes, UI severity and UI subtypes, and the associations among them.MethodsA total of 611 women were recruited in Shantou, China. Clinical and demographic data were collected through electronic medical records, measurements and self‐reports. UI diagnosis, subtypes and symptom severity were confirmed according to international uniform standards. The health burden of UI was evaluated by the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were carried out to examine the potential risk factors and associations among UI subtypes, symptom severity, and health burdens.ResultsAge, body mass index, comorbidity, lower urinary tract symptoms and constipation were associated with UI episodes and UI severity. Mixed UI patients had worse severity than urgency UI and stress UI, especially in leak times/week and daily life obstructing. Mixed UI patients also had higher health burdens, including mental health burdens, than urgency UI and stress UI patients. UI severity was positively associated with higher health burdens (β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.34–0.60), especially in physical activities, travel and social relationship burden (β = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.85; β = 0.55, 95% CI 0.19–0.76; β = 0.65, 95% CI 0.38–0.91; respectively).ConclusionsAge, body mass index, comorbidity, somnipathy and constipation were associated with UI episodes and symptom severity. Mixed UI showed the highest symptoms severity and health burdens. Worse UI severity increased the patient's physical health burden, but was not obvious for mental health burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 219–226.
Engaging with technology: Projects and research initiated by health information professionals
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 2021 virtual issue of the Health Information and Libraries Journal is published to link to the Future Technologies Conference 2021, which takes place in Vancouver, Canada, 28–29 October 2021. This event, which began in 2016, presents the best of current systems research and practice. One of the themes of the 2021 conference is Smart Healthcare. Although libraries may appear to be far removed from some of the breakthroughs reported in the Future Technologies Conference, what is clear is that unlike those who work with technology, librarians work closely with the end users of health information—clinicians, managers, students, patients and the general public. The articles included in this virtual issue provide important insights into what library user groups want and what does and does not meet their needs.
Immune dynamics in the CNS and its barriers during homeostasis and disease*
Authors: Buckley Monica W. , McGavern Dorian B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) has historically been viewed as an immunologically privileged site, but recent studies have uncovered a vast landscape of immune cells that reside primarily along its borders. While microglia are largely responsible for surveying the parenchyma, CNS barrier sites are inhabited by a plethora of different innate and adaptive immune cells that participate in everything from the defense against microbes to the maintenance of neural function. Static and dynamic imaging studies have revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology by providing detailed maps of CNS immune cells as well as information about how these cells move, organize, and interact during steady‐state and inflammatory conditions. These studies have also redefined our understanding of neural‐immune interactions at a cellular level and reshaped our conceptual view of immune privilege in this specialized compartment. This review will focus on insights gained using imaging techniques in the field of neuroimmunology, with an emphasis on anatomy and CNS immune dynamics during homeostasis, infectious diseases, injuries, and aging.
Dialogical Pedagogies in Visual Arts Education: A/r/tographical Encounters in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Garcia‐Lazo Veronica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article reports on a research that explored students’ critical thinking in visual arts secondary education. The study was underpinned by an appraisal of the effects of the visual on students’ lives and the importance for them to critically navigate these experiences. Aotearoa New Zealand’s bicultural educational policies – based on Māori and European views – and flexible curriculum emerged as a rich conceptual vantage point from which to examine critical thinking. In this context, the curriculum underpins dialogical pedagogies and visual arts students engage in unique arts‐based projects driven by their personal interests and visual culture. The research was framed by a/r/tography, a methodology that enabled the interconnection of the fields of art, research and education in response to what emerged from the data. Through verbal and artistic means, the findings show the critical potential of Indigenous knowledge, dialogical pedagogies and arts‐based research methodologies.
Trees growing in Eastern North America experience higher autumn solar irradiation than their European relatives, but is nitrogen limitation another factor explaining anthocyanin‐red autumn leaves?
Authors: Renner Susanne S. , Zohner Constantin M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrees growing at a particular latitude in Eastern North America (ENA) receive more autumn solar irradiation than do trees growing at the same latitude in Europe, a difference that could partly explain the higher percentage of anthocyanin‐producing deciduous species in ENA compared with European floras. A proposed link between autumn light intensity and the production of anthocyanins is their function in photoprotection, which enables plants with red leaves to resorb nutrients for a longer time than can yellow or brown leaves. The innately 4‐week‐shorter foliage period of ENA trees compared with European ones may also play a role, as may stronger nitrogen limitation in poorer soils in ENA. We here test for a correlation between nitrogen access and fall anthocyanin in 126 species (55 genera, 22 families) from different temperate forests, using a Hierarchical Bayesian model and accounting for phylogenetic structure in the data. None of 81 species with nitrogen‐fixing symbionts produce autumn anthocyanin, whereas 42% of non‐nitrogen‐fixers do. Thus, when ample nitrogen is available from symbionts, the benefits of anthocyanin‐derived photoprotection apparently do not outweigh the costs of anthocyanin production. If nitrogen limitation indeed plays a role in the dominance of red‐autumn‐colouring trees in ENA floras – while European floras predominantly produce yellow autumn leaves – there might also be continental differences in the frequency or abundance of nitrogen‐fixing trees and shrubs, a new hypothesis that deserves testing.
The resin bond to high‐translucent zirconia—A systematic review
Authors: Alammar Amirah , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesSeveral systematic literature reviews have assessed the scientific evidence on resin bonding protocols to conventional 3 mol% ytrria‐stabilized zirconia (3Y‐TZP) ceramics. It has been widely discussed, however, that the differing composition and physical properties of new high‐translucent zirconia generations (4Y‐TZP and 5Y‐TZP) may require alternative bonding materials and procedures. This paper reviewed in vitro studies on the success and durability of bonding protocols to high‐translucent zirconia.Material and methodsA systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane Library for in vitro studies on bonding to new zirconia generations published until November 2020 was conducted and complemented by a manual search. Studies selected for review fulfilled the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials.ResultsOf 629 screened articles, 18 were included in this review. They investigated different surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, aging procedures, and bond strength test protocols. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsThe available evidence suggests that resin bonding protocols successfully applied to conventional zirconia are also the most successful for high‐translucent zirconia. Airborne particle abrasion and special phosphate monomer‐containing primers or composite resin cements provide long‐term durable resin bonds.Clinical significanceDurable bonds can be established between high‐translucent zirconia and resin cements. The bonding materials and procedures applied do not compromise their physical properties.
30% supramolecular salicylic acid peels effectively treats acne vulgaris and reduces facial sebum
Authors: Zhang Lingzhao , Shao Xinyi , Chen Yangmei , Wang Jiawei , Ariyawati Asoka , Zhang Yujie , Chen Jiayi , Liu Lin , Pu Yihuan , Li Yuxin , Chen Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with high incidence and recurrence.AimTo study the efficacy of 30% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) in the treatment of acne, especially its effect on facial sebum secretion and the skin barrier.MethodsChemical peeling treatment with SSA using self‐contrast was performed every 2 weeks for a total of four treatments in 25 patients. VISIA photographs and skin parameter measurements were recorded at every treatment, with a 2‐week follow‐up after the last treatment. We performed skin biopsy and immunohistochemical staining to detect sterol response element‐binding proteins (SREBPs), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), which are important factors involved in the regulation of sebum metabolism.ResultsThe global acne‐grading system (GAGS) score of patients with acne decreased with 30% SSA treatment. The sebum level in the nose (p < 0.001), chin (p < 0.001), left cheek (p < 0.05), and right cheek (p < 0.05) improved significantly with increasing number of treatments. The T‐zone sebum level (p < 0.001) improved more than the U‐zone (p < 0.01). The VISIA index porphyrin score also reduced (p < 0.001). Skin hydration (p < 0.001), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (p < 0.05), and pH value (p < 0.01)—reflecting the skin barrier—were also improved. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased expression of SREBPs, FAS, and COX2.ConclusionPeels with 30%SSA effectively treated acne and reduced facial sebum secretion without damaging the skin barrier. Reduction of sebum showed cumulative effect, which suggests that multiple 30%SSA chemical peels are beneficial to acne patients.
Mini‐review: Wound healing of amnion and macrophages
Authors: Mogami Haruta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes (pPROM) is a serious problem in obstetrics, especially when it occurs in the periviable period. It is generally considered that once the fetal membranes rupture, preterm birth is inevitable. In a preclinical mouse model of mechanical rupture of the fetal membranes, however, the spontaneous healing of amnion was observed with the assistance of fetal macrophages. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition appears to play a key role in the healing process of amnion. Clarifying the wound‐healing mechanism of amnion could provide a basis for the future treatment of pPROM.
Competitive overlap between martensMartes americanaandMartes caurinaand fishersPekania pennanti: a rangewide perspective and synthesis
Authors: Pauli Jonathan N. , Manlick Philip J. , Tucker Jody M. , Smith G. Bradley , Jensen Paul G. , Fisher Jason T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompetition is a major determinant of where species occur and how species interact. Among carnivorans, interspecific competition is particularly apparent, as many of these species have evolved to be efficient killers. Theoretically, phylogenetically related carnivorans that occupy seasonal habitats, share common resources, and differ in body size by a factor of 2.5–10× should exhibit the most interference competition.FishersPekania pennantiand martensMartes americanaandMartes caurinaare members of the subfamily Guloninae (Mustelidae, Carnivora) that occupy forests throughout northern North America. These taxa occur sympatrically throughout much of their range, utilise similar habitats, and consume similar prey; fishers and martens also differ in body size by a factor 2–5×. Consequently, these two taxa appear to be locked in particularly strong interspecific competition and should attempt to limit competitive overlap.We review the current knowledge of this dyadic interaction in the framework of ecological niches and niche partitioning. In particular, we explore the three critical niche axes of diet, space, and time.We found that, in contrast to the traditional view of them being highly specialised, both martens and fishers are dietary generalists; however, they also appear to be specialists in complexity, at least in space and habitats. Collectively, martens and fishers exhibit high degrees of diet and habitat niche overlap across their ranges, and this overlap is likely to have the greatest fitness consequences for the smaller and subordinate martens. Nevertheless, fine‐scale habitat and prey partitioning, and especially partitioning along snow clines, seem to be the mechanisms by which these two taxa can coexist.We predict that rapid ecological change – especially from increasingly homogenised forests and prey communities, as well as from declining snow cover and snowpack due to climate warming – is likely to destabilise marten–fisher coexistence. As the climate continues to change, fishers and martens are likely to experience distributional and numerical shifts and increased isolation at their southern range boundaries, and vulnerable populations – especially of martens – will be driven to local extirpation.
Condensins are essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal virulence through their control of lifestyle and virulence programs
Authors: Zhao Hang , Clevenger April L. , Coburn Phillip S. , Callegan Michelle C. , Rybenkov Valentin V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous human infections. Its high pathogenicity resides in a diverse array of virulence factors and an ability to adapt to hostile environments. We report that these factors are tied to the activity of condensins, SMC and MksBEF, which primarily function in structural chromosome maintenance. This study revealed that both proteins are required for P. aeruginosa virulence during corneal infection. The reduction in virulence was traced to broad changes in gene expression. Transcriptional signatures of smc and mksB mutants were largely dissimilar and non‐additive, with the double mutant displaying a distinct gene expression profile. Affected regulons included those responsible for lifestyle control, primary metabolism, surface adhesion and biofilm growth, iron and sulfur assimilation, and numerous virulence factors, including type 3 and type 6 secretion systems. The in vitro phenotypes of condensin mutants mirrored their transcriptional profiles and included impaired production and secretion of multiple virulence factors, growth deficiencies under nutrient limiting conditions, and altered c‐di‐GMP signaling. Notably, c‐di‐GMP mediated some but not all transcriptional responses of the mutants. Thus, condensins are integrated into the control of multiple genetic programs related to epigenetic and virulent behavior of P. aeruginosa.