bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained plumage divergence despite weak genomic differentiation and broad sympatry in sister species of Australian woodswallows (Artamus spp.)
Authors: Peñalba Joshua V. , Peters Jeffrey L. , Joseph Leo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlumage divergence can function as a strong premating barrier when species come into secondary contact. When it fails to do so, the results are often genome homogenization and phenotypic hybrids at the zone of contact. This is not the case in the largely sympatric masked woodswallow and white‐browed woodswallow species (Passeriformes: Artamidae: Artamus spp) complex in Australia where phenotypic integrity is sustained despite no discernible mitochondrial structure in earlier work. This lack of structure may suggest recent divergence, ongoing gene flow or both, and phenotypic hybrids are reported albeit rarely. Here, we further assessed the population structure and differentiation across the species' nuclear genomes using ddRAD‐seq. As found in the mitochondrial genome, no structure or divergence within or between the two species was detected in the nuclear genome. This coarse sampling of the genome nonetheless revealed peaks of differentiation around the genes SOX5 and AXIN1. Both are involved in the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, which regulates feather development. Reconstruction of demographic history and estimation of parameters supports a scenario of secondary contact. Our study informs how divergent plumage morphs may arise and be sustained despite whole‐genome homogenization and reveals new candidate genes potentially involved in plumage divergence.
Computational generation of multiphase asphalt nanostructures using random fields
Authors: Aljarrah Mohammad , Karaki Ayman , Masad Eyad , Castillo Daniel , Caro Silvia , Little Dallas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study presents a novel methodology to generate computational replicates of nanostructures of multiphase materials, such as asphalt binders, by integrating image analysis techniques with stochastic random field (RF) modeling. Image analysis techniques are used to identify and segment nanostructure images obtained by atomic force microscopy, while RF is used to model the spatial distribution of their material properties. The results of this process are images showing probable arrangements of nanostructures with stochastic material properties that replicate the experimentally obtained images. The computationally generated nanostructures are then used as inputs in a finite element model to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity on their mechanical response. The efficacy of the developed approach is demonstrated through simulations of asphalt binders’ nanostructures, which reveal novel insights regarding their nanoscale mechanical behavior and response. The FE simulations provided the link between the distribution of nanoscale properties of asphalt binders and variations in their mechanical response. The application of this methodology expands the body of knowledge beyond the deterministic analysis of asphalt binders toward probabilistic analysis and uncertainty quantification that considers their heterogeneous, multiphase structures. Consequently, the methodology can be used to design multiphase materials, such as asphaltic blends, with tailored properties and enhanced performance.
Evaluation of the condition of inpatients in acute care hospitals in Japan
Authors: Hayashida Kenshi , Moriwaki Mutsuko , Murakami Genki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study aimed to evaluate the conditions of inpatients in acute care hospitals using the Severity of a Patient's Condition and Extent of a Patient's Need for Medical/Nursing Care tool. The study included 4 234 253 patients admitted to acute care hospitals in Japan between April 2019 and March 2020. Electrocardiographic monitoring, provision of respiratory care, and administration of antiarrhythmic agent injections and treatment were performed in a sterile room for >20%, >10%, and <1% of patient‐days, respectively. More than 40% of inpatients needed support with performing activities of daily living, such as dressing and undressing, turning over, and oral care. The proportion of patients requiring daily medical/nursing care was generally high at the beginning of hospitalization, gradually decreased, and subsequently increased. Patients in acute care hospitals in Japan were not hospitalized unnecessarily early or for inappropriately long periods, and the efficiency of medical care improved over time. The Severity of a Patient's Condition and Extent of a Patient's Need for Medical/Nursing Care tool is useful for evaluating patient conditions in acute care hospitals.
miR‐20a‐5p regulated SMAD6 to inhibit chondrogenesis of hDPSCs
Authors: Pan Xuefeng , Huang Xinqi , Zhang Bo , Pei Fang , Zhao Zhihe , Cen Xiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesChondrogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is highly promising for cartilage repair. The specific mechanism, however, still needs to be explicated.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we isolated hDPSCs and transfected cells with lentiviruses containing an over‐expression, knock‐down, or negative control of miR‐20a‐5p. Three‐D pellet cultures of hDPSCs were used for the chondrogenic induction. Following the pellet culture period, chondrogenesis was assessed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis and expression of chondrogenic‐related genes. Dual‐luciferase report assay was performed to determine potential targeted genes of miR‐20a‐5p, and the phosphorylation levels of P65 and IκBα were explored. Animal experiments were performed to determine the effect of miR‐20a‐5p on cartilage regeneration.ResultsmiR‐20a‐5p was showed to repress the expression of SMAD6 to inhibit the chondrogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Accordingly, the knock‐down of miR‐20a‐5p promoted cartilage regeneration in the osteochondral defects of rats. Mechanically, it is indicated that NF‐κB signaling is the potential down‐stream network of miR‐20a‐5p/Smad6 crosstalk during chondrogenic differentiation.ConclusionsmiR‐20a‐5p could target SMAD6 to activate NF‐κB signaling pathway, and thus inhibit chondrogenesis of hDPSCs, which provided promising therapeutic target for cartilage defects clinically.
Strategic alignment of pricing oil products from Brent conditionally on market regimes using Markov and cluster‐based switching dynamics
Authors: Theodorou Petros , Apokoritis Nikos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAsymmetries and non‐linearities in oil prices are of high importance for energy policy and strategy. The effectiveness of energy policy depends heavily on the ‘conceptualization’ of states, regimes and less on the absolute price level. Based on the strategic alignment theory and the matching perspective, we claim that recurring oil market dynamics showcase the existence of various regimes across which pricing relationships differ. Regimes are examined by combining two methodologies: Cluster‐based Regression (CBR) and Markov‐Switching Dynamic Regression (MSDR). CBR identifies spatial regimes by clustering Brent as a proxy variable, while MSDR identifies temporal regimes by presuming a probabilistic superposition of states which transition as a discrete time Markov chain. Results have both policy and methodology contributions. A reversion and a cyclicality phenomenon in pricing, resembles the Joseph and Noah effects in terms of persistence, expected duration and probability of transition. CBR describes a serial process in pricing from ‘bull’ to ‘bear’ and then to ‘transitory’ state. Differences in asymmetry and high price premiums, conditionally on market states, are detected among products. Matching probabilities show robustness of results.
A brief light reduction induces a significant delay in the previously dimmed eye
Authors: Min Seung Hyun , Reynaud Alexandre , Hess Robert F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeWe investigated how a short‐term luminance reduction in one eye can influence temporal processing of that eye after luminance is restored by measuring the relative delay between the eyes.MethodsA paradigm based on the Pulfrich effect, which is a visual illusion of depth when no depth cue is present, was used to measure relative delay in visual processing between the eyes. We deprived the monocular luminance in adults with normal vision across different intensities. In the first experiment, the ratio of the light level between the eyes stayed constant, whereas the absolute value was allowed to vary. In the second experiment, both the ratio and the absolute light level stayed constant, by controlling the environmental light level. In both experiments, we measured the changes in relative delay before and after 60 min of light deprivation.ResultsOur results indicated that short‐term monocular deprivation of luminance slows the processing in the previously dimmed eye and that the magnitude of the delay is correlated with the degree of luminance reduction. In addition, we observed that the absolute luminance difference, rather than the absolute luminance levels seen by the dimmed eye, is important in determining the magnitude of delay in the previously dimmed eye. These findings differ from what has been reported previously for the monocular deprivation of contrast.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings support the view that short‐term deprivation of visual information could affect two distinct mechanisms (contrast gain and temporal dynamics) of neural plasticity.
ICE‐SCREAM comes in different flavors: Angiosperms encode two types of ICE proteins predicted to differ in their regulation by OST1 and MPK3/6
Authors: Nassuth Annette , Jesionowska Monika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractINDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION (ICE) proteins reportedly have a role in cold acclimation and stomata development, but the former has recently been questioned. Our aim was to analyze ICE, OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) and MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3/6 (MPK3/6) protein data and place the results in context with reports in the literature. Orthologous protein sequences from species representative of different plant lineages were retrieved via BLAST searches and assembled into multiple sequence alignments for a comprehensive comparison of key features. We identified one type of ICE protein in bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns and angiosperms, and a second type of ICE protein in angiosperms only, each with characteristic interaction domains. Due to the higher observed similarity of the identified orthologs to proteins from Vitis riparia than to those from Arabidopsis, they were referred to as VrICE2L and VrICE4L, respectively. Regulatory sequence motifs for the kinase OST1 were present in the VrICE2L proteins although less conserved in the non‐angiosperms, whereas OST1 orthologs could be identified in all plant species, including algae. Interestingly, MPK3/6 motifs were most clearly conserved in the VrICE2L and VrICE4L proteins of the more evolved angiosperms, at a time that the A subtype of MPK3/6 kinases and the CRT‐BINDING FACTOR (CBF)‐encoding genes first appeared in the plant lineages. These data are intended to stimulate further investigations of VrICE4L proteins in non‐model plants and provide some evolutionary context into the overlap between stomatal function and regulation, and the cold acclimation pathway.
Forced formalization and informal sector: A simple Chayanov model
Authors: Sengupta Atanu , De Sanjoy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, the government of India has promulgated a sudden move of demonetisation. Such move can be considered as a type of forced formalization. Porta and Shleifer (2014) deals with the issue of formal informal interactions and comes out with an interesting conclusion. The informal sector does not merely exist for taking advantage of legal loopholes. Even if these loopholes are somehow stitched, the informal sector will not become formal. The clue perhaps lies in an old view expressed by Chayanov that in certain circumstances an informal sector can outperform a modern capitalist sector. This paper is a modest attempt to include this clue in a formal model of the simplest possible type that tries to unravel the relation between formal and informal sector as also the consequences of policies that leads to forced formalisation.
Experiences of a dedicated Heart and Maternal Health Service providing multidisciplinary care to pregnant women with cardiac disease in a tertiary centre in Namibia
Authors: Heemelaar Steffie , Agapitus Ndatiyaroo , van den Akker Thomas , Stekelenburg Jelle , Mackenzie Shonag , Hugo‐Hamman Christopher , Auala Tangeni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesFirst, to describe the implementation process, benefits and challenges of a multidisciplinary service for pregnant women with cardiac disease in Namibia. Second, to assess pregnancy outcomes in this population.MethodsIn a tertiary hospital in Namibia, a multidisciplinary service was implemented by staff of obstetric and cardiology departments and included preconception counselling, provision of antenatal care and reliable contraception. Management guidelines developed for high‐income settings were used, since no locally adapted guidelines were available. A cohort study was performed to assess cardiac, obstetric and fetal outcomes. Included were pregnant women with cardiac disease, referred to this service between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2018.ResultsImportant benefits of this service were the integrated approach, improved access to reliable contraception and insight into drivers of poor outcome. Several challenges with use of available guidelines were encountered, as contextual factors specific to lower‐income settings were not taken into consideration, such as higher rates of infection or barriers to access care. The cohort consisted of 65 women. Cardiac disease was diagnosed for the first time in 16 (24.6%) women, of whom 11 had pre‐existing cardiac disease. These women presented more often with heart failure than women with known heart disease (75.0% vs. 6.1%, RR 12.5, 95% CI 3.9–38.0). Five women died. Cardiac events occurred in twenty‐two women of whom eight developed thromboembolic events and two endocarditis. The majority had no indication for prophylaxis, based on available guidelines. Fetal events occurred in 36 pregnancies. After pregnancy more than half of women (35/65, 53.8%) were using long‐acting reversible contraception.ConclusionsDespite several barriers, it was possible to implement a multidisciplinary service in a high‐burden setting. Cardiac and fetal event rates in this cohort were high. To improve outcomes the focus should be on availability of context‐specific guidelines and better detection of cardiac disease.
A circular RNA vector for targeted plant gene silencing based on an asymptomatic viroid
Authors: Marquez‐Molins Joan , Hernandez‐Azurdia Andrea Gabriela , Urrutia‐Perez María , Pallas Vicente , Gomez Gustavo 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYGene silencing for functional studies in plants has been largely facilitated by manipulating viral genomes with inserts from host genes to trigger virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) against the corresponding mRNAs. However, viral genomes encode multiple proteins and can disrupt plant homeostasis by interfering with endogenous cell mechanisms. To try to circumvent this functional limitation, we have developed a silencing method based on the minimal autonomously‐infectious nucleic acids currently known: viroids, which lack proven coding capability. The genome of Eggplant latent viroid, an asymptomatic viroid, was manipulated with insertions ranging between 21 and 42 nucleotides. Our results show that, although larger insertions might be tolerated, the maintenance of the secondary structure appears to be critical for viroid genome stability. Remarkably, these modified ELVd molecules are able to induce systemic infection promoting the silencing of target genes in eggplant. Inspired by the design of artificial microRNAs, we have developed a simple and standardized procedure to generate stable insertions into the ELVd genome capable of silencing a specific target gene. Analogously to VIGS, we have termed our approach viroid‐induced gene silencing, and demonstrate that it is a promising tool for dissecting gene functions in eggplant.
Barley Ror1 encodes a class XI myosin required for mlo‐based broad‐spectrum resistance to the fungal powdery mildew pathogen
Authors: Acevedo‐Garcia Johanna , Walden Kim , Leissing Franz , Baumgarten Kira , Drwiega Katarzyna , Kwaaitaal Mark , Reinstädler Anja , Freh Matthias , Dong Xue , James Geo Velikkakam , Baus Lisa C. , Mascher Martin , Stein Nils , Schneeberger Korbinian , Brocke‐Ahmadinejad Nahal , Kollmar Martin , Schulze‐Lefert Paul , Panstruga Ralph 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYLoss‐of‐function alleles of plant MLO genes confer broad‐spectrum resistance to powdery mildews in many eudicot and monocot species. Although barley (Hordeum vulgare) mlo mutants have been used in agriculture for more than 40 years, understanding of the molecular principles underlying this type of disease resistance remains fragmentary. Forward genetic screens in barley have revealed mutations in two Required for mlo resistance (Ror) genes that partially impair immunity conferred by mlo mutants. While Ror2 encodes a soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor‐attached protein receptor (SNARE), the identity of Ror1, located at the pericentromeric region of barley chromosome 1H, remained elusive. We report the identification of Ror1 based on combined barley genomic sequence information and transcriptomic data from ror1 mutant plants. Ror1 encodes the barley class XI myosin Myo11A (HORVU.MOREX.r3.1HG0046420). Single amino acid substitutions of this myosin, deduced from non‐functional ror1 mutant alleles, map to the nucleotide‐binding region and the interface between the relay‐helix and the converter domain of the motor protein. Ror1 myosin accumulates transiently in the course of powdery mildew infection. Functional fluorophore‐labeled Ror1 variants associate with mobile intracellular compartments that partially colocalize with peroxisomes. Single‐cell expression of the Ror1 tail region causes a dominant‐negative effect that phenocopies ror1 loss‐of‐function mutants. We define a myosin motor for the establishment of mlo‐mediated resistance, suggesting that motor protein‐driven intracellular transport processes are critical for extracellular immunity, possibly through the targeted transfer of antifungal and/or cell wall cargoes to pathogen contact sites.
Closed reduction andfluoroscopic‐guidedpercutaneous pinning of femoral capital physeal or neck fractures: Thirteen fractures in 11 dogs
Authors: de Moya Kevin A. , Kim Stanley E. , Guiot Laurent P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo report the short‐term clinical outcome and complications in dogs that underwent surgical repair of femoral capital physeal or neck fractures via fluoroscopic‐guided percutaneous pinning (FGPP).Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsClient owned dogs (n = 11) with femoral capital physeal or neck fractures (n = 13).MethodsRecords (July 2018–July 2021) of dogs that underwent surgery for femoral capital physeal or neck fracture repair with FGPP from two hospitals were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, age, weight, preoperative lameness severity, fracture factors (etiology, Salter‐Harris classification, time from injury to surgery, radiographic displacement), surgical factors (surgery time, number/size of implants, reduction quality) and outcome (follow‐up examination findings, radiographic findings, complications).ResultsMost fractures (11/13) occurred secondary to trauma. The median time from injury to surgery was 5.5 days. There was mild radiographic displacement preoperatively in 10/13 fractures. Satisfactory fracture healing and limb function was achieved in 10/13 femurs. Complications occurred in 5/11 cases and included intra‐articular implants, implant failure/nonunion, implant migration (2), and malunion. Of these five complications, two resolved with implant removal, and a salvage procedure was recommended in the remaining cases. Of the three cases requiring salvage procedures, two originally presented with radiographic evidence of fracture chronicity.ConclusionsFGPP can be used to successfully treat femoral head and neck fractures with appropriate case selection and precise surgical technique.
Oferta educativa desigual y escuelas resilientes
Authors: Krüger Natalia , Formichella María Marta , Hamodi-Galán Carolina 
Published: August 2022

La educación es un derecho humano y debe garantizarse de forma inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad. El objetivo general del trabajo es estudiar las desigualdades en la calidad de la oferta educativa de nivel secundario en Bahía Blanca,Argentina. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de conglomerados a partir de un censo oficial y un análisis de estadística descriptiva con base en una encuesta propia. Los resultados muestran desigualdades, pero también la presencia de escuelas resilientes que alcanzan resultados satisfactorios, a pesar de tener condiciones desfavorables con algunas particularidades, específicamente en recursos humanos y materiales, y en la organización y el clima escolar.
Functional Modeling-Based Digital Twin Architecture Representation: An Instructional Example of a COVID-19 Breathalyzer Kiosk
Authors: Kotecha Maulik C. , Staack David , McAdams Daniel A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article presents and illustrates a functional modeling-based representation of digital twinning (DT) architectures. We provide a detailed review of the existing architectures and frameworks intended for use on product digital twins. We identified gaps in the prior work on architectures and frameworks for DT of products, product families, and systems. We identified a need for robust representation schemes that enable product-specific synthesis and analysis of DTs, which the existing DT architecture representations do not offer. We integrated the efforts of the researchers on DT architectures in our functional modeling-based architecture representation approach. We included selected attributes of each reviewed framework and addressed the identified gaps through our functional modeling-based DT architecture representation. The proposed architecture representation approach opens up new avenues of research and can potentially help improve the design process for product DT. This paper illustrates our approach through an instructional example of a COVID-19 testing breathalyzer kiosk designed as a rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic.