bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal microbiota transplantation relieves abdominal bloating in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders via modulating the gut microbiome and metabolome
Authors: Wang Yi Zhong , Xiao Fang Fei , Xiao Yong Mei , Li Xiao Lu , Hu Hui , Hong Kai , Li Dan , Le Jun , Yu Guang Jun , Zhang Ting 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children with abdominal bloating and changes in their gut microbiome and metabolome.MethodsTwelve pediatric FGID patients with predominant abdominal bloating who underwent FMT were enrolled in the study. Fourteen healthy controls and four stool donors were included for analysis. Clinical responses were assessed at 8 weeks after FMT. Fecal bacterial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The fecal metabolome was measured by targeted metabolomics analysis.ResultsMedian age of the 12 children with FGIDs was 6 years, and nine were boys. Abdominal bloating was relieved in all patients by FMT at 8 weeks. Meanwhile, FMT significantly improved abdominal pain and diarrhea. The a diversity was significantly lower in the FGID patients, while the fecal microbial community (β diversity) separated from that of healthy control (HCs). The relative abundances of multiple bacterial genera were significantly changed in the feces of the pediatric FGID patients. The levels of several short‐chain fatty acids were lower, and lactic acid level was higher in FGID patients than in HCs. Altered bacterial composition was correlated with changes in the fecal metabolite profile and clinical symptoms in FGID patients. FMT modulated fecal microbiome and metabolome in FGID children toward a healthy state.ConclusionsFMT relieves abdominal bloating and modulates fecal microbiome and metabolome toward a healthy state in children with FGIDs. FMT may provide an alternative therapy for children with FGIDs and abdominal bloating.
Effects of probiotics on gastric microbiota and its precombination with quadruple regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Wu You , Dong Xiao Yang , Zhou Xian Zhu , Li Zhao Shen , Du Yi Qi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy as well as their effects on gastric microbiota.MethodsPatients who had failed H. pylori eradication therapy for at least twice were prospectively enrolled during March 2019 and March 2021. A 2‐week administration of compound Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic (1 g thrice daily) followed by a 10‐day quadruple bismuth‐containing H. pylori eradication therapy was administrated. Endoscopy was performed, and gastric biopsy samples were obtained for drug sensitivity testing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing before and after probiotic treatment. Eradication was evaluated by the 13C‐urea breath test at least 4 weeks after treatment completion. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were included. Probiotic supplementation had no effects on the diversity, community structure, and composition of gastric microbiota and no inhibition on H. pylori activity. However, it increased some of the beneficial bacteria such as Blautia, Dorea, and Roseburia (P < 0.05). The overall eradication rate was 97.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.8%–100%). AEs, mainly dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and chest distress, were detected in six individuals, all of which were resolved upon cessation of antibiotic administration. Dyspeptic symptoms were improved after probiotic supplementation and at treatment completion (both P < 0.001).ConclusionsH. pylori‐infected individuals might benefit from probiotics followed by a quadruple bismuth‐containing eradication therapy. Further studies with large sample sizes are warranted.
Unlikely cause of primary upper limb venous thrombosis
Authors: Chen Christopher , Baker Luke 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPrimary upper limb venous thrombosis is a rare disease usually caused by external compression of the proximal deep upper limb veins from aberrant musculoskeletal anatomy such as cervical ribs, abnormal tendon insertions and hypertrophy of the anterior scalene or subclavius muscles. We present an unusual case of primary upper limb thrombosis caused by compression of the brachiocephalic vein from a sternoclavicular ganglion cyst. This case illustrates the importance of considering a wide differential when searching for a cause of primary upper limb venous thrombosis.
Australia: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: Taflaga Marija 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis entry includes data on changes to ministerial portfolios, party leadership changes and parliamentary composition (gender and party) in 2021. It notes changes to the Australian Electoral Act and the distribution of electoral seats federally. It includes election results from two subnational elections. It discusses a landmark report into the culture of the Australian Parliament, with specific reference to the relationship between political advisors and politicians, gender, bullying, and sexual assault. The entry notes the political decline of the ruling coalition government lead by Scott Morrison, and some, but not all, reasons for this. Policy issues discussed include women in politics, COVID‐19, climate change, the AUKUS security pact, the budget deficit and inequality.
Dual activation of estrogen receptor alpha and glucocorticoid receptor upregulate CRTh2‐mediated type 2 inflammation; mechanism driving asthma severity in women?
Authors: Vijeyakumaran Meerah , Jawhri MohdWessam Al , Fortunato Jenna , Solomon Lauren , Shrestha Palikhe Nami , Vliagoftis Harissios , Cameron Lisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 2‐high asthma is characterized by elevated levels of circulating Th2 cells and eosinophils, cells that express chemoattractant‐homologous receptor expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2). Severe asthma is more common in women than men; however, the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here we examined whether the relationship between severe asthma and type 2 inflammation differs by sex and if estrogen influences Th2 cell response to glucocorticoid (GC).MethodsType 2 inflammation and the proportion of blood Th2 cells (CD4+CRTh2+) were assessed in whole blood from subjects with asthma (n = 66). The effects of GC and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist on in vitro differentiated Th2 cells were examined. Expression of CRTh2, type 2 cytokines and degree of apoptosis (Annexin V+, 7‐AAD) were determined by flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, western blot and ELISA.ResultsIn severe asthma, the proportion of circulating Th2 cells and hospitalizations were higher in women than men. Women with severe asthma also had more Th2 cells and serum IL‐13 than women with mild/moderate asthma. Th2 cells, eosinophils and CRTh2 mRNA correlated with clinical characteristics associated with asthma control in women but not men. In vitro, GC and ERα agonist treated Th2 cells exhibited less apoptosis, more CRTh2 as well as IL‐5 and IL‐13 following CRTh2 activation than Th2 cells treated with GC alone.ConclusionWomen with severe asthma had higher levels of circulating Th2 cells than men, which may be due to estrogen modifying the effects of GC, enhancing Th2 cell survival and type 2 cytokine production.
Proposed refined diagnostic criteria and classification of eosinophil disorders and related syndromes
Authors: Valent Peter , Klion Amy D. , Roufosse Florence , Simon Dagmar , Metzgeroth Georgia , Leiferman Kristin M. , Schwaab Juliana , Butterfield Joseph H. , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Sotlar Karl , Vandenberghe Peter , Hoermann Gregor , Haferlach Torsten , Moriggl Richard , George Tracy I. , Akin Cem , Bochner Bruce S. , Gotlib Jason , Reiter Andreas , Horny Hans‐Peter , Arock Michel , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Gleich Gerald J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEosinophilia and eosinophil activation are recurrent features in various reactive states and certain hematologic malignancies. In patients with hypereosinophilia (HE), HE‐induced organ damage is often encountered and may lead to the diagnosis of a hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). A number of known mechanisms and etiologies contribute to the development of HE and HES. Based on these etiologies and the origin of eosinophils, HE and HES are divided into primary forms where eosinophils are clonal cells, reactive forms where an underlying reactive or neoplastic condition is detected and eosinophils are considered to be “non‐clonal” cells, and idiopathic HE and HES in which neither a clonal nor a reactive underlying pathology is detected. Since 2012, this classification and the related criteria have been widely accepted and regarded as standard. However, during the past few years, new developments in the field and an increasing number of markers and targets have created a need to update these criteria and the classification of HE and HES. To address this challenge, a Working Conference on eosinophil disorders was organized in 2021. In this conference, a panel of experts representing the relevant fields, including allergy, dermatology, hematology, immunology, laboratory medicine, and pathology, met and discussed new markers and concepts as well as refinements in definitions, criteria and classifications of HE and HES. The outcomes of this conference are presented in this article and should assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with HE and HES in daily practice and in the preparation and conduct of clinical trials.
Response of ground macrolichens to site factors, co‐existing plants and forestry in boreal forests
Authors: Tonteri Tiina , Hallikainen Ville , Merilä Päivi , Miina Jari , Rautio Pasi , Salemaa Maija , Tolvanen Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimGround lichens have declined in boreal and temperate Europe. The potential causes of the decline were explored by analysing the response of lichen cover to forest management, site and stand variables as well as co‐existing plants in different boreal vegetation subzones.LocationFinland.MethodsUnderstorey vegetation was surveyed on a systematic network of 1721 sample plots in forests on mineral soil. The response of macrolichen cover to explanatory variables was analysed by generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs).ResultsGround lichens favoured old Pinus sylvestris forests on xeric sites with sufficient light conditions. Intensive forest management regimes, such as regeneration cutting and soil ploughing decreased lichen cover, while lighter scarification methods had less effect on lichens. Lichens benefitted from intermediate cutting on sites with low bryophyte cover. Lichens responded similarly to site and stand variables in all boreal subzones, showing that despite heavy reindeer grazing these response patterns apply also in the northern boreal subzone. Lichens showed both negative (Vaccinium myrtillus, Empetrum nigrum and Calluna vulgaris) and positive (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea) responses to increasing dwarf shrub cover. Generally, lichens negatively responded to increasing bryophyte cover, indicating either that bryophytes benefit from a decline of lichens or that there is real competition between these groups. The negative relationship between bryophytes and lichens strengthened as the tree canopy becomes denser.ConclusionsOur study provides new quantitative insights into the effects of forest management and changes in forest structure as underlying factors for lichen decline both inside and outside the reindeer‐herding area (i.e., the northern boreal subzone). These factors include increased canopy cover with increased shading as well as disturbance caused by regeneration cutting and soil preparation. The possible effects of the long‐term legacy of nitrogen deposition, lack of forest fires and climate change are also discussed.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after intravitreal vascular growth factor inhibitor injections: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gan Grace , Michel Mathis , Max Antoine , Sujet‐Perone Nicolas , Zevering Yinka , Vermion Jean‐Charles , Zaidi Mohamed , Savenkoff Benjamin , Perone Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2022

Systemic administration of agents that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore vascular proliferation is often used to treat various cancers. However, these agents are associated with a number of side effects, including proteinuria and renal injury. Intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF agents has become the cornerstone of macular disease treatment. Since these agents cross the blood‐retina barrier and enter the circulation, systemic side effects have been reported. We report the novel case of a 57‐year‐old patient who presented with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion, underwent three monthly loading‐dose injections with the anti‐VEGF agent ranibizumab, and 2 weeks after the second injection presented with biopsy‐verified membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Twelve weeks after presenting with renal failure and 10 weeks after his last anti‐VEGF injection, the patient demonstrated spontaneous recovery of his kidney function. The patient had a history that promoted renal fragility, including hypertension, liver transplantation 6 years earlier for alcohol‐related cirrhosis and new‐onset diabetes mellitus after transplant. Our literature review and case suggest that although adverse renal events after intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections are very rare, ophthalmologists and nephrologists should be aware of this risk.
Inherited bone marrow failure with macrothrombocytopenia due to germline tubulin beta class I (TUBB) variant
Authors: Shah Yash B. , Lin Ping , Chen Stone , Zheng Alan , Alcaraz Wendy , Towne Meghan C. , Gabriel Courtney , Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Lambert Michele P. , Olson Timothy S. , Frank Dale M. , Ellis Colin A. , Babushok Daria V. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryGermline mutations in tubulin beta class I (TUBB), which encodes one of the β‐tubulin isoforms, were previously associated with neurological and cutaneous abnormalities. Here, we describe the first case of inherited bone marrow (BM) failure, including marked thrombocytopenia, morphological abnormalities, and cortical dysplasia, associated with a de novo p.D249V variant in TUBB. Mutant TUBB had abnormal cellular localisation in transfected cells. Following interferon/ribavirin therapy administered for transfusion‐acquired hepatitis C, severe pancytopenia and BM aplasia ensued, which was unresponsive to immunosuppression. Acquired chromosome arm 6p loss of heterozygosity was identified, leading to somatic loss of the mutant TUBB allele.
The Uniform grading tooL for flexIble ureterorenoscoPes (TULIP‐tool): a Delphi consensus project on standardised evaluation of flexible ureterorenoscopes
Authors: Henderickx Michaël M.E.L. , Hendriks Nora , Baard Joyce , Wiseman Oliver J. , Scotland Kymora B. , Somani Bhaskar K. , Şener Tarik E. , Emiliani Esteban , Dragos Laurian B. , Villa Luca , Talso Michele , Bin Hamri Saeed , Proietti Silvia , Doizi Steeve , Traxer Olivier , Chew Ben H. , Eisner Brian H. , Monga Manoj , Hsi Ryan S. , Stern Karen L. , Leavitt David A. , Rivera Marcelino , Wollin Daniel A. , Borofsky Michael , Canvasser Noah E. , Ingimarsson Johann P. , El Tayeb Marawan M. , Bhojani Naeem , Gadzhiev Nariman , Tailly Thomas , Durutovic Otas , Nagele Udo , Skolarikos Andreas , Schout Barbara M.A. , Beerlage Harrie P. , Pelger Rob C.M. , Kamphuis Guido M. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo develop a standardised tool to evaluate flexible ureterorenoscopes (fURS).Materials and MethodsA three‐stage consensus building approach based on the modified Delphi technique was performed under guidance of a steering group. First, scope‐ and user‐related parameters used to evaluate fURS were identified through a systematic scoping review. Then, the main categories and subcategories were defined, and the expert panel was selected. Finally, a two‐step modified Delphi consensus project was conducted to firstly obtain consensus on the relevance and exact definition of each (sub)category necessary to evaluate fURS, and secondly on the evaluation method (setting, used tools and unit of outcome) of those (sub)categories. Consensus was reached at a predefined threshold of 80% high agreement.ResultsThe panel consisted of 30 experts in the field of endourology. The first step of the modified Delphi consensus project consisted of two questionnaires with a response rate of 97% (n = 29) for both. Consensus was reached for the relevance and definition of six main categories and 12 subcategories. The second step consisted of three questionnaires (response rate of 90%, 97% and 100%, respectively). Consensus was reached on the method of measurement for all (sub)categories.ConclusionThis modified Delphi consensus project reached consensus on a standardised grading tool for the evaluation of fURS – The Uniform grading tooL for flexIble ureterorenoscoPes (TULIP) tool. This is a first step in creating uniformity in this field of research to facilitate future comparison of outcomes of the functionality and handling of fURS.
The associations of dietary habits with health, well‐being, and behavior in adolescents: A cluster analysis
Authors: Geraets Anouk Francine Jacqueline , Heinz Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDietary habits may be associated with adolescents' health and behavior. However, previous findings are inconsistent and often unadjusted for sociodemographic confounders. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether dietary habits (consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, breakfast, and family meals) cluster among adolescents and (2) how these clusters associate with a range of health, well‐being, and behavior outcomes in a large population‐based sample of adolescents.MethodsThe study included adolescents (n = 7529; n = 3891 [51.7%] girls; mean [standard deviation] age = 14.9[2.1] years) from the 2018 Luxembourg Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study. We used cluster analysis to define clusters of dietary habits (consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, breakfast, and family meals) and logistic regression analyses to assess the cross‐sectional associations of the clusters with health, well‐being and behavior, adjusted for age, gender, family affluence, and migration background.ResultsCluster analysis yielded five clusters of dietary habits: (1) healthy, (2) family meal and breakfast skippers, (3) sugar consumption, (4) unbalanced diet, and (5) unhealthy. The healthy cluster was associated with better health and positive mental health and behavior, whereas the less healthy clusters were associated with worse health, mental health problems, and risk behavior.ConclusionFindings suggest that healthy dietary habits associate with positive health and behavior, whereas unhealthy dietary habits associate with health problems and risk behavior during adolescence. More research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Interventions should include dietary habits as a component of lifestyle modification to improve adolescents' health, well‐being, and behavior.
Evaluation of the distribution characteristics of the mandibular lingual foramen and its potential risks during implant surgery using cone‐beam computed tomography a cross‐sectional, retrospective study
Authors: Liao Qianting , Chen Yingqi , Liao Yanfen , Lian Keqian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe lingual foramen is a risk factor for implantation and other mandibular surgeries, but there are few systematic studies on the anatomical and distribution characteristics of the lingual foramen in the entire mandible.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed using 405 CBCT images. The anatomical characteristics and symmetrical distribution of the mandibular lingual foramen were analyzed.ResultsAll patients had at least one lingual foramina. According to the positional relationship between the mandibular lingual foramen and the root apex of tooth, the mandibular lingual foramen is divided into the upper lingual foramen and the lower lingual foramen. Upper lingual foramen were divided into three types according to its running direction, namely Type 1 (Enters the mandible and descend in the direction of the lower edge of the mandible), Type 2 (Enters the mandible and descends in the direction of the lower edge of the mandible with branches), and Type 3 (It enters the mandible and divides into two branches, one ascends toward the crest of the alveolar ridge, and the other descends toward the lower edge of the mandible). And their respective prevalence are 84.0% [95% Tolerance Limit (TL) 81.2%–86.8%], 9.9% [95% TL 7.6%–12.1%], and 6.1% [95% TL 4.3%–8.0%]. In addition, the 81.8% [95% TL 79.0%–84.7%] of the upper lingual foramen is distributed in the central incisor area. Lower lingual foramen were divided into three categories according to the running direction, namely Category 1 (Enters the mandible and ascends toward the buccal bone plate), Category 2 (Enters the mandible and descends toward the buccal bone plate), and Category 3 (Go straight into the mandible toward the buccal bone plate). And their respective prevalence are 29.6% [95% TL 26.4%–32.7%], 50.9% [95% TL 47.5%–54.4%] and 19.5% [95% TL 16.8%–22.3%]. The frequency of lower lingual foramen distributed anteriorly to the mental foramen is 55.8% [95% TL 52.3%–59.2%], mid‐mental foramen is 21.4%[95% TL 18.5%–24.2%], and posterior to the mental foramen is 22.8% [95% TL 20.0%–25.8%].ConclusionBoth the upper and lower lingual foramina should be evaluated in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the mental foramen before implant surgeries.
Non‐surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri‐implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette—A randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial
Authors: Khan Sadia N. , Koldsland Odd Carsten , Roos‐Jansåker Ann‐Marie , Wohlfahrt Johan Caspar , Verket Anders , Mdala Ibrahimu , Magnusson Anna , Salvesen Eirik , Hjortsjö Carl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective, parallel‐group, examiner‐blinded, multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) versus titanium curettes (TC) on clinical parameters in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsIn five dental specialist clinics, 39 patients with one implant with mild to moderate peri‐implantitis, defined as 2–4 mm radiographic reduced bone level, bleeding index (BI) ≥ 2, and probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm were randomly allocated to test and control groups, receiving OCB or TC debridement, respectively. Treatment was performed at baseline and three months. PPD, BI, and Plaque index (PI) were measured at six sites per implant and recorded by five blinded examiners at baseline, one, three, and six month(s). Pus was recorded as present/not present. Changes in PPD and BI were compared between groups and analysed using multilevel partial ordinal and linear regression.ResultsThirty‐eight patients completed the study. Both groups showed significant reductions in PPD and BI at six months compared with baseline (p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in PPD and BI changes between the groups. Eradication of peri‐implant disease as defined was observed in 9.5% of cases in the OCB group and 5.9% in the TC group.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this six‐month multicentre clinical trial, non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis with OCB and TC showed no difference between the interventions. Eradication of disease was not predictable for any of the groups.