bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Controlled Memory Request Injection for Efficient Bandwidth Utilization and Predictable Execution in Heterogeneous SoCs
Authors: Brilli Gianluca , Cavicchioli Roberto , Solieri Marco , Valente Paolo , Marongiu Andrea 
Published: September 2022

High-performance embedded platforms are increasingly adopting heterogeneous systems-on-chip (HeSoC) that couple multi-core CPUs with accelerators such as GPU, FPGA, or AI engines. Adopting HeSoCs in the context of real-time workloads is not immediately possible, though, as contention on shared resources like the memory hierarchy—and in particular the main memory (DRAM)—causes unpredictable latency increase. To tackle this problem, both the research community and certification authorities mandate (i) that accesses from parallel threads to the shared system resources (typically, main memory) happen in a mutually exclusive manner by design, or (ii) that per-thread bandwidth regulation is enforced. Such arbitration schemes provide timing guarantees, but make poor use of the memory bandwidth available in a modern HeSoC.
Controlled Memory Request Injection
(CMRI) is a recently-proposed bandwidth limitation concept that builds on top of a mutually-exclusive schedule but still allows the threads currently not entitled to access memory to use as much of the unused bandwidth as possible without losing the timing guarantee. CMRI has been discussed in the context of a multi-core CPU, but the same principle applies also to a more complex system such as an HeSoC. In this article, we introduce two CMRI schemes suitable for HeSoCs:
Voluntary Throttling
via code refactoring and
Bandwidth Regulation
via dynamic throttling. We extensively characterize a proof-of-concept incarnation of both schemes on two HeSoCs: an NVIDIA Tegra TX2 and a Xilinx UltraScale+, highlighting the benefits and the costs of CMRI for synthetic workloads that model worst-case DRAM access. We also test the effectiveness of CMRI with real benchmarks, studying the effect of interference among the host CPU and the accelerators.
Analysis of Span-Directional Coherence Function and Buffeting Response of a Long-Span Natural Gas Pipeline Suspension Bridge under a Turbulent Wind Field
Authors: Zuo Leibin , Li Qinfeng , Ma Cunming , Yadong Li , Hu Chuanchuan 
Published: September 2022

A long-span natural gas pipeline suspension bridge is prone to buffeting under the action of a turbulent wind field. In order to accurately calculate the buffeting response of the structure under a turbulent wind field, the 1 : 15 segment model wind tunnel test is used to obtain the aerodynamic coefficient and flutter derivative of the bridge deck structure. According to the test results, the buffeting force coherence functions under five different span-directional spacing are fitted. The results show that the buffeting force coherence function corresponding to different wind attack angles has a peak at the corresponding wing grid vibration frequency in the low-frequency region; when the spacing increases to

r
=
0.51

m

or above, the amplitude of coherence function decreases significantly; for the spacing of

r
=
0.17

m

, the buffeting force coherence functions in different directions are obviously different but the corresponding coherence functions of resistance, lift, and torque show a similar curve trend between different wind attack angles. Based on the Scanlan buffeting force correction model, the buffeting response under the reference wind speed of 30.1 m/s is analyzed in the frequency domain and compared with the wind tunnel test results of the whole bridge. The results show that the buffeting response calculated in this paper is in good agreement with the wind tunnel test results of the whole bridge and the buffeting response law is consistent. The maximum value of vertical buffeting response is located near the 1/4 span, and the maximum values of lateral and torsional response are located in the middle of the span. The lateral buffeting displacement response is significantly greater than the vertical buffeting displacement response. Under different wind attack angles, the vertical, lateral, and torsional buffeting displacement responses of the bridge deck structure increase nonlinearly with the increase of wind speed.
Secreted Fas Decoys Enhance the Antitumor Activity of Engineered and Bystander T Cells in Fas Ligand–Expressing Solid Tumors
Authors: Bajgain Pradip , Torres Chavez Alejandro G. , Balasubramanian Kishore , Fleckenstein Lindsey , Lulla Premal , Heslop Helen E. , Vera Juan , Leen Ann M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

T-cell immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical outcomes in certain hematologic malignancies. However, efficacy in solid tumors has been suboptimal, partially due to the hostile tumor microenvironment composed of immune-inhibitory molecules. One such suppressive agent abundantly expressed in solid tumors is Fas ligand (FasL), which can trigger apoptosis of Fas-expressing effector cells such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. To alleviate this FasL-induced suppression of tumor-specific immune cells in solid tumors, we describe here the development of a Fas decoy that is secreted by engineered cells upon activation and sequesters the ligand, preventing it from engaging with Fas on the surface of effector cells. We further improved the immune-stimulatory effects of this approach by creating a Fas decoy and IL15 cytokine fusion protein, which enhanced the persistence and antitumor activity of decoy-engineered as well as bystander chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. Our data indicate that secreted Fas decoys can augment the efficacy of both adoptively transferred and endogenous tumor-specific effector cells in FasL-expressing solid tumors.
A Population of TIM4+FOLR2+ Macrophages Localized in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Correlates to an Active Immune Infiltrate Across Several Cancer Types
Authors: Bugatti Mattia , Bergamini Marco , Missale Francesco , Monti Matilde , Ardighieri Laura , Pezzali Irene , Picinoli Sara , Caronni Nicoletta , Missolo-Koussou Yoann , Helft Julie , Benvenuti Federica , Vermi William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

TIM4 has previously been associated with antitumor immunity, yet the pattern of expression and the function of this receptor across human cancer tissues remain poorly explored. Here we combined extensive immunolabeling of human tissues with in silico analysis of pan-cancer transcriptomic data sets to explore the clinical significance of TIM4 expression. Our results unveil that TIM4 is expressed on a fraction of cavity macrophages (CATIM4+MΦ) of carcinoma patients. Moreover, we uncover a high expression of TIM4 on macrophages of the T-cell zone of the carcinoma-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSTIM4+MΦ). In silico analysis of a pan-cancer data set revealed a positive correlation between TIM4 expression and markers of B cells, effector CD8+ T cells, and a 12-chemokine signature defining tertiary lymphoid structure. In addition, TLSTIM4+MΦ were enriched in cancers displaying microsatellite instability and high CD8+ T-cell infiltration, confirming their association with immune-reactive tumors. Both CATIM4+MΦ and TLSTIM4+MΦ express FOLR2, a marker of tissue-resident MΦ. However, CATIM4+MΦ had a higher expression of the immunosuppressive molecules TREM2, IL10, and TGFβ as compared with TLSTIM4+MΦ. By analyzing a scRNA sequence data set of tumor-associated myeloid cells, we identified two TIM4+FOLR2+ clusters coherent with CATIM4+MΦ and TLSTIM4+MΦ. We defined specific gene signatures for each subset and found that the CATIM4+ MΦ signature was associated with worse patient survival. In contrast, TLSTIM4+MΦ gene signature positively correlates with a better prognosis. Together, these data illustrate that TIM4 marks two distinct macrophage populations with distinct phenotypes and tissue localization and that may have opposing roles in tumor immunity.
Predicting Identity-Preserving Object Transformations in Human Posterior Parietal Cortex and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mocz Viola , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam , Chun Marvin , Xu Yaoda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous research shows that, within human occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), we can use a general linear mapping function to link visual object responses across nonidentity feature changes, including Euclidean features (e.g., position and size) and non-Euclidean features (e.g., image statistics and spatial frequency). Although the learned mapping is capable of predicting responses of objects not included in training, these predictions are better for categories included than those not included in training. These findings demonstrate a near-orthogonal representation of object identity and nonidentity features throughout human OTC. Here, we extended these findings to examine the mapping across both Euclidean and non-Euclidean feature changes in human posterior parietal cortex (PPC), including functionally defined regions in inferior and superior intraparietal sulcus. We additionally examined responses in five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained with object classification, as CNNs are considered as the current best model of the primate ventral visual system. We separately compared results from PPC and CNNs with those of OTC. We found that a linear mapping function could successfully link object responses in different states of nonidentity transformations in human PPC and CNNs for both Euclidean and non-Euclidean features. Overall, we found that object identity and nonidentity features are represented in a near-orthogonal, rather than complete-orthogonal, manner in PPC and CNNs, just like they do in OTC. Meanwhile, some differences existed among OTC, PPC, and CNNs. These results demonstrate the similarities and differences in how visual object information across an identity-preserving image transformation may be represented in OTC, PPC, and CNNs.
Is There an Activity-silent Working Memory?
Authors: Oberauer Klaus , Awh Edward 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although storage in working memory (WM) can be tracked via measurements of ongoing neural activity, past work has shown that observers can maintain access to that information despite temporary interruptions of those neural patterns. This observation has been regarded as evidence for a neurally silent form of WM storage. Alternatively, however, unattended information could be retrieved from episodic long-term memory (eLTM) rather than being maintained in WM during the activity-silent period. Here, we tested between these possibilities by examining whether WM performance showed evidence of proactive interference (PI)—a hallmark of retrieval from eLTM—following such interruptions. Participants remembered the colors (Experiments 1–3) or locations (Experiment 4) of serially presented objects. We found PI for set sizes larger than 4, but not for smaller set sizes, suggesting that eLTM may have supported performance when WM capacity was exceeded. Critically, performance with small set sizes remained resistant to PI, even following prolonged interruptions by a challenging distractor task. Thus, we found evidence for PI-resistant memories that were maintained across likely interruptions of storage-related neural activity, an empirical pattern that implies activity-silent storage in WM.
Spring Land Temperature in Tibetan Plateau and Global-Scale Summer Precipitation: Initialization and Improved Prediction
Authors: Xue Yongkang , Diallo Ismaila , Boone Aaron A. , Yao Tandong , Zhang Yang , Zeng Xubin , Neelin J. David , Lau William K. M. , Pan Yan , Liu Ye , Pan Xiaoduo , Tang Qi , Oevelen Peter J. van , Sato Tomonori , Koo Myung-Seo , Materia Stefano , Shi Chunxiang , Yang Jing , Ardilouze Constantin , Lin Zhaohui , Qi Xin , Nakamura Tetsu , Saha Subodh K. , Senan Retish , Takaya Yuhei , Wang Hailan , Zhang Hongliang , Zhao Mei , Nayak Hara Prasad , Chen Qiuyu , Feng Jinming , Brunke Michael A. , Fan Tianyi , Hong Songyou , Nobre Paulo , Peano Daniele , Qin Yi , Vitart Frederic , Xie Shaocheng , Zhan Yanling , Klocke Daniel , Leung Ruby , Li Xin , Ek Michael , Guo Weidong , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Bao Qing , Chou Sin Chan , Rosnay Patricia de , Lin Yanluan , Zhu Yuejian , Qian Yun , Zhao Ping , Tang Jianping , Liang Xin-Zhong , Hong Jinkyu , Ji Duoying , Ji Zhenming , Qiu Yuan , Sugimoto Shiori , Wang Weicai , Yang Kun , Yu Miao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) precipitation prediction in boreal spring and summer months, which contains a significant number of high-signal events, is scientifically challenging and prediction skill has remained poor for years. Tibetan Plateau (TP) spring observed surface ­temperatures show a lag correlation with summer precipitation in several remote regions, but current global land–atmosphere coupled models are unable to represent this behavior due to significant errors in producing observed TP surface temperatures. To address these issues, the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) program launched the “Impact of Initialized Land Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction” (LS4P) initiative as a community effort to test the impact of land temperature in high-mountain regions on S2S prediction by climate models: more than 40 institutions worldwide are participating in this project. After using an innovative new land state initialization approach based on observed surface 2-m temperature over the TP in the LS4P experiment, results from a multimodel ensemble provide evidence for a causal relationship in the observed association between the Plateau spring land temperature and summer precipitation over several regions across the world through teleconnections. The influence is underscored by an out-of-phase oscillation between the TP and Rocky Mountain surface temperatures. This study reveals for the first time that high-mountain land temperature could be a substantial source of S2S precipitation predictability, and its effect is probably as large as ocean surface temperature over global “hotspot” regions identified here; the ensemble means in some “hotspots” produce more than 40% of the observed anomalies. This LS4P approach should stimulate more follow-on explorations.
Supercell-External Storms and Boundaries Acting as Catalysts for Tornadogenesis
Authors: Fischer Jannick , Dahl Johannes M. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It has long been observed that interactions of a supercell with other storms or storm-scale boundaries sometimes seem to directly instigate tornadogenesis. First, the authors explore the frequency of such constructive interactions. Radar data from WSR-88D are used to categorize 136 tornadic supercells into isolated supercells and supercells that interacted with external factors within 20 min before tornadogenesis. Most cases (80%) showed some form of external influence prior to tornadogenesis. Common patterns of interactions, the typical supercell quadrant that is affected, and changes in azimuthal shear are also identified. To further study these interactions, two sets of idealized Cloud Model 1 (CM1) simulations are performed. The first set demonstrates that the speed of the near-ground horizontal flow relative to the updraft can control whether a vortex patch develops into a tornado. A weaker updraft-relative flow is favorable because the developing vortex stays in the updraft region longer and becomes less tilted. Building on these results, it is shown that external outflow can lead to tornado formation by a deceleration of the updraft-relative flow. The deceleration is caused by the pressure gradient force associated with the external outflow, which is already noticeable several kilometers ahead of the outflow boundary. This offers one possible mechanism by which external outflow can act as a catalyst for supercell tornadogenesis.
The First COVID-19 Pandemic Wave and the Effect on Health Care Trainees: A National Survey Study
Authors: Liu Helen H. , Petrone Patrizio , Akerman Meredith , Howell Raelina S. , Morel Andrew H. , Sohail Amir H. , Alsamarraie Cindy , Brathwaite Barbara , Kinzler Wendy , Maurer James , Brathwaite Collin E. M. 
Published: September 2022

Background This study observes the trends and patterns among trainees during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their response to resident education and hospital/program support. Methods An anonymous online 31-question survey was distributed to medical students and postgraduate year residents. Topics included were demographics, clinical responsibilities, educational/curricula changes, and trainee wellness. Descriptive analysis was performed for each set of demographic groupings as well as 2 and 3 group comparisons. Results Total 1051 surveys collected, 930 used for analysis: 373 (40.1%) male, 434 (46.6%) aged 30-34 years, 588 (63.2%) white, 417 (44.8%) married, 168 (18%) with children, and 323 (34.7%) from the Northeast region. The Northeast experienced difficulty sleeping, feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and changes in appetite ( P = .0077). The pandemic interfered significantly with relationships and living situations ( P < .0001). Trainees 18-34 years believed the pandemic affected residency training ( P < .0001). Surgical residents were concerned about reaching numbers of operative procedures to graduate ( P < .0001). Residency programs adhered to ACGME work restrictions ( P < .0001). Conclusion We aim to provide continued educational support for our trainees’ clinical development and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Youths’ attitudes toward open discussion of suicide, preferred contexts, and the impact of Internet use: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study in Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Sikky Shiqi , Lam Tai Pong , Lam Kwok Fai , Lo Tak Lam , Chao David Vai Kiong , Mak Ki Yan , Lam Edmund Wing Wo , Tang Wai Sin , Chan Hoi Yan , Yip Paul Siu Fai 
Published: September 2022

Background: Although the necessity and benefits of having the open and public discussion about suicide have been recognized, youths’ opinions regarding such discussion remain unknown. Aims: To explore youths’ attitudes toward open suicide discussion, particularly concerning their preference of discussion contexts and impacts of Internet use. Method: This exploratory sequential mixed-methods study targeted Hong Kong youths aged 15 to 19. A total of six focus groups and 12 individual interviews were held ( N = 40). Topics included adolescents’ views of open suicide discussion, concerns, perceived benefits, and preferred contexts. The questionnaire survey ( N = 1,676) was conducted subsequently to investigate the prevalence of youths’ perspectives on public discussion of suicide and relationships with discussion contexts, use of social media platforms, and motivations of online expression. Results: Qualitative findings revealed three types of attitudes toward open suicide discussion: reluctance, support, and indifference. Major barriers included cultural norms, topic sensitivity, privacy concerns, contagion effect, fear of embarrassment, and unpleasant experiences in school programs. Results of quantitative analyses showed that reluctance was the dominant attitude among adolescents, and taboo was the top concern. Variations in youths’ attitudes were related to gender, school academic banding, and suicide-related experiences. Notably, adolescents who had been exposed to suicide messages in contexts of peer networks and online platforms were more likely to endorse open suicide discussion. In addition, an increased likelihood of engaging in public suicide discussion was associated with the use of Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat, and the motive of ‘expressing emotions and opinions’ online. Conclusions: Our results indicated a prevalent rejection among adolescents toward open suicide discussion, suggesting the issue of stigma, the need for tailored programs, the value of appropriate contexts, and the impact of Internet use. These findings may facilitate the development of school-based suicide prevention initiatives and the efficacy of online services for suicide-related communication.
Forensic applications of hyperspectral imaging technique: a narrative review
Authors: Pallocci Margherita , Treglia Michele , Passalacqua Pierluigi , Luca Lucilla De , Zanovello Claudia , Mazzuca Daniela , Guarna Francesca , Gratteri Santo , Marsella Luigi T 
Published: September 2022

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) collects and processes information from the entire electromagnetic spectrum to obtain the spectrum of each pixel in the image of a scene, with the aim of finding objects and identifying materials. It is a non-contact, non-destructive technology that can be used without modifying or altering the analysed target. Forensic analysis and crime scene investigations are two of the most investigated fields of application, being able to detect and analyse many types of evidence. In this paper we analysed the most commonly reported forensic science applications. The literature indicates that the fields in which HSI appears most promising are the analysis of blood traces, document forgery, gunshot residues and the identification of fingerprints.
Survival analysis in head and neck melanoma after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy: A seer-based population study
Authors: Li Shulian , Tang Jun , Wang Lanlan , Gou Juxiang , You Wei , Ji Qiang 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most aggressive skin tumors. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important test before thorough treatment of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with head and neck CMM after negative SLNB and to analyze predictors of decreased survival.MethodsBased on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, a study was conducted using data from patients with head and neck CMM after negative SLNB. The demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of the case population were analyzed. Cox univariate, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox regression models were used to explore predictors of decreased survival; propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce confounding bias, and outcomes were compared between the wide margin excision and narrow margin excision groups.ResultsA total of 1597 confirmed head and neck CMM patients with SLNB-negative were found. A Breslow>4.0 mm was the highest independent risk predictor for patients (HR 3.82, 95% CI 2.04-7.16, P < .001), and significant risk independent predictors also included a high mitotic rate >4 (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06-2.25, P = .023). Age< 60 years old was a significant survival predictor (HR 0.56, 95% CI .37-.85, P = .007), and not scalp and neck CMM were also important factors for longer survival (auricle skin: HR .51, 95% CI .29-.90, P = .02; unspecified parts of face: HR .59, 95% CI .40-.87, P = .007). After harmonizing baseline data by PSM, it was found that the extent of surgical resection did not affect patient survival.ConclusionThis study analyzed the risk factors affecting CSS in patients with CMM of the head and neck region with SLNB-negative and observed a statistically significant difference in the prognosis of patients with CMM in different aesthetic subunits of the head and neck region. Close clinical follow-up for this population is necessary, and periodic medical examinations should be carried out.