bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual injection enhanced planar gate IGBT with self-adaptive hole path for better trade-off and higher SOA capability
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Huang Yunxiang , Liu Jiang , Xiao Xiang , Zhang Bo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A novel dual injection enhanced planar gate insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with self-adaptive hole path (DIE-PIGBT) is proposed. A floating-P region is applied behind the emitter-connected deep trench in z direction and contacted with the N-type carrier stored (N-CS) layer for the proposed IGBT. Compared to the conventional trench shielded planar gate IGBT (CTS-PIGBT), the proposed device further alleviates the negative impact of the N-CS layer on the breakdown voltage (BV) and reduces both the on-state voltage drop (V
ceon) and saturated collector current density (J
sat). Simulation results show that with the same device thickness of 400 μm, the BV are 4625 V and 4275 V for the proposed and conventional device, respectively. The V
ceon at 75 A cm−2 is 2.51 V for the proposed DIE-PIGBT, which is 1.13 V lower than that of the CTS-PIGBT. Furthermore, with similar BV to the conventional one, the device thickness can be reduced to 355 μm for the DIE-PIGBT. Pro. The total gate charge (Q
G) and miller plateau charge (Q
GC) for the proposed device are reduced by 61.0% and 89.9%, respectively. As a result, the proposed structure has better trade-off relationship between the V
ceon and turn-off loss (E
off). At the same V
ceon of 2.51 V, the E
off for the DIE-PIGBT and DIE-PIGBT. Pro are 45.17 mJ cm−2 and 41.01 mJ cm−2, which is reduced by 44.0% and 49.1% when compared to 80.61 mJ cm−2 of the CTS-PIGBT, respectively. Moreover, the J
sat is reduced from 619 A cm−2 for the CTS-PIGBT to 368 A cm−2 for the DIE-PIGBT under the V
ge of 15 V. The short-circuit withstand time of the DIE-PIGBT is 1.9 times larger than that of the conventional device.
Experimental observation of a dissipative phase transition in a multi-mode many-body quantum system
Authors: Benary J , Baals C , Bernhart E , Jiang J , Röhrle M , Ott H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dissipative phase transitions are a characteristic feature of open systems. One of the paradigmatic examples for a first order dissipative phase transition is the driven nonlinear single-mode optical resonator. In this work, we study a realization with an ultracold bosonic quantum gas, which generalizes the single-mode system to many modes and stronger interactions. We measure the effective Liouvillian gap of the system and find evidence for a first order dissipative phase transition. Due to the multi-mode nature of the system, the microscopic dynamics is much richer and allows us to identify a non-equilibrium condensation process.
Microstructural characteristics of sandwiched T-shaped metamaterials for three-port splitting
Authors: Liang Guoyu , Bo Wang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a polarization-insensitive sandwiched three-port beam splitting grating at normal incidence. The grating adopts a sandwiched structure. Based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and the simulated annealing algorithm, the grating parameters are optimized to obtain the diffraction efficiencies of 32.83% at 0th order and 32.87% at ±1st orders for transverse electric polarization, and 32.63% at 0th order and 32.39% at ±1st orders for transverse magnetic polarization. Meanwhile, the calculation results of the finite element method are in general agreement with those of RCWA. In addition, the analysis results of grating period, duty cycle, and wavelength bandwidth further demonstrate the good wavelength bandwidth of the grating and its feasibility for practical production. Therefore, the grating can be widely used in actual production.
What do artificial neural networks learn? A study for analysis of RBS spectra
Authors: Oliveira V G , Silva T F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The massive analysis of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) data is complex. When the data is processed manually, it requires a long time of an experienced person. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can analyze, speed up, and automate data processing. In fact, after training, the ANN processes one RBS spectrum in a fraction of a second with the advantage of keeping the consistency over the whole set of spectra. Our group used ANN to process a large set of RBS spectra from the inner walls of the vacuum chamber of the W7-X fusion reactor. In this work, we used a perturbation-based method to study the local explanations of the neural network predictions. In this method, we apply small perturbations to the inputs. Then, the outputs’ variations are evaluated. Thereby activation maps were created to visualize how sensitive the ANN is to perturbations. The activation maps enable the identification of the parts of the spectrum the neural network is getting information to make predictions. Therefore, we can better understand the behavior of the machine learning model and verify if the neural network learned the features of the spectra similarly to humans.
Parton branching in the low x regime and multiplicity distributions at the LHC
Authors: Germano G. R. , Navarra F. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the multiplicity distribution measured in pp collisions at the LHC using a distribution which is derived from the Giovannini equations under the assumption that the evolution parameter is energy dependent. We obtain a negative binomial distribution with explicit energy dependence and fit it to three data sets, corresponding to different pseudorapidity and transverse momentum cuts, and also verify the applicability of the model for a fourth data set, corresponding to jets. We find a reasonable agreement with data for all sets.
A method for computing cumulants in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Serenone Willian M , Grassi Frédérique , Hirayama Renan , Ollitrault Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To map QCD phase diagram is one of the greatest challenges for those who study QCD at finite temperature. A class of observables of particular interest in this study are the net-baryon cumulants. However, hydrodynamic-based hybrid models have trouble in computing higher order cumulants due to the high statistics needed. The usual oversampling procedure to increase statistics in such models does not help in this situation because it smears event-by-event fluctuations. We propose a way to compute the cumulants avoiding this issue and show its applications at LHC energies.
Monte Carlo simulations of nuclear de-excitation gamma-ray line spectra from solar flares
Authors: Szpigel Sergio , Thereza Raphael M. , Castro Carlos Guillermo Giménez de , MacKinnon Alexander L. , Simões Paulo José de Aguiar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that the Monte Carlo package FLUKA can be used as an effective tool for simulating nuclear processes which occur in solar flares and that it is capable to provide a self-consistent treatment of all typical components of the γ-ray spectra observed in those events. In this work, we have employed a new simulation strategy that allows to improve statistics and resolution in energy of the generated γ-ray spectra. Using this new strategy, we have calculated spectra of γ-ray nuclear de-excitation lines produced by solar flare primary accelerated ions with typical power-law energy distributions.
Investigation of the transfer reactions induced by 16O in 27Al and 28Si at Elab = 240 MeV
Authors: Seabra C. C. , Linares R. , Zagatto V. A. B. , Cappuzzello F. , Cavallaro M. , Carbone D. , Agodi C. , Oliveira J. R. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this contribution, we present first experimental results for the deuteron pickup transfer in the 16O+28Si system at E
lab. = 240 MeV. This reaction populates states in the 26Al target-like nucleus. In the same experimental campaign we have also measured the one-proton transfer 28Si(16O,17F)27Al and one-neutron transfer 27Al(16O,17O)26Al at the same beam energy. Comparison between the energy spectrum of these transfer reactions indicate that: i) the one-proton and one-neutron transfers favor the population of the low-lying states; ii) deuteron transfer to the ground state in 26Al is highly suppressed; iii) the cross-sections for deuteron transfer that populates low-lying states in 26Al are roughly 3 times less than the one-neutron transfer.
R-matrix parameters evaluation for direct and indirect kinematics data using AZURE2
Authors: Ribeiro J B , Guimaraes V , Kaur G , Zamora J C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
R-matrix analyses, using the code AZURE2, were performed for the 12C+p resonant scattering data obtained in direct and inverse kinematics. Proton energy spectra in the region of the first three excited states in 13N above the 12C+p threshold were analyzed. We used two kinds of statistics data treatment to evaluate the uncertainties of the energy and widths parameter of the resonances obtained from direct and inverse kinematics spectra. Both methods indicate smaller width uncertainties from analyses of the inverse kinematics data. The correlation coefficients between resonance widths differ considerably for the direct and inverse kinematics or when analyzing direct and inverse kinematics data simultaneously.
Damping of Mott oscillations as a guide for planning a 6Li +6 Li scattering experiment
Authors: Angelo M B , Guimarães V , Assunção M , Canto L F , Lubian J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mott oscillations are a quantum oscillation pattern observed in angular distributions of identical particle scatterings. When both incident and target particles are bosons (integer spin), there are energies at which Mott oscillations are damped around 90° in the center-of-mass frame, a phenomenon called Transverse Isotropy (TI). Different optical potentials predict different TI energies, so TI energy measurements can provide insight into nucleus-nucleus interaction. Data on angular distributions for identical scattering of 6Li nuclei (s = 1) is available in the literature but at very limited values of energies and angular range. We have analyzed some of these angular distributions with the Fresco code, considering Woods-Saxon potentials in the calculations, and have emphasized the importance of conducting an experiment of our own.
TCAD Simulation of Single Event Effects on Electronic Devices
Authors: Buhler R. T. , Novo C. , Perin A. L. , Galeti M. , Pereira C. F. , Guazzelli M. A. , Giacomini R. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, lateral bulk PIN photodiodes designed at FEI University and SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) PIN photodiodes from UCL are analyzed as photodetectors and SEE (Single Event Effects) sensors. Numerical simulations are used for radiation analysis of heavy ion striking the PIN photodiode using the parameters extracted by real measurements in a non-radiation condition. The occurrence of SEE near-Earth natural environment is unpredictable and is a serious threat that can lead to malfunctions of microprocessors, memory banks and devices that are vital to the correct behavior of a low-orbit or avionic mission. Detecting their occurrence and monitoring the energetic particles in radiation environments is vital and this paper investigates the consequence of SEE on lateral PIN photodiodes through experimentally calibrated TCAD numerical simulations.
Modelling on the synergy of mechanical and electrical wear in a current line/catenary-pantograph system
Authors: Lee C Y , Huang C H , Lin H E , Lin J Y , Yu S P , Yang Y L , Huang H H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The metro system of electrified rolling stock is an important vehicle for partly solving the metropolitan transportation and carbon emission problems. This study aims to analyse the wear of current collector/catenary-pantograph system in the rolling stock. A theoretical wear rate model between the conductor wire and the current collector of the pantograph system was adopted from the literature and further decomposed into mechanical load, electrical current, current arc erosion, and the synergy components. Based on the decomposed model, an experimental protocol for finding the curve-fitted parameters for the theoretical model was proposed. The numerical data adopted from a previous literature was employed in the decomposed model to discuss the effects of mechanical loading, electrical current, and vehicle speed on the wear rate components. From the decomposed wear rate model, the so-called electrical current lubrication on the total wear rate due to the applied electrical current could be observed directly. Moreover, the nonlinear couplings among the control factors in the operation of the system manifested significantly. Thus, in the design phase the optimization analysis should be performed on the control parameters using the theoretical wear rate model to extend the life and reliability of this catenary-pantograph system.
Multiple-object segmentation by using a destructive 3D digitizer
Authors: Lee W C , Jiang C S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A destructive 3D digitizer is a practical tool in reverse engineering. It acquires images of the cross-sections of an object layer by layer. Then the desired portions of the images will be segmented to reconstruct a CAD model. While the threshold method was helpful to segment images containing a single object, it led to a substantial error for images containing multiple objects due to the reflection between objects. This study incorporated the least square method into image processing to correct reflection error for multiple-object reconstruction. As illustrated in the case study, we successfully removed the material reflection errors, which ranged from 4.5% to 19% of the total thickness of the reconstructed CAD model.
The design of a new type coaxial multilayer rotor helicopter vehicle
Authors: Ma Y H , Shieh T H , Hung L C , Tsai L C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Today’s small rotor helicopter vehicles mostly use electric motors and batteries as power sources. Most helicopter power configurations are either front powered or rear powered, causing the center of the helicopter to be offset. This kind of offset should be overcome by structural compensation or by adjusting the angle of attack of the blades, but some lift of the angle of attack will be sacrifice at the same time. This paper proposes a new type of electric helicopter powertrain design. The advantage of new type helicopter design is setting the centre of gravity at the centre position of helicopter. The main shaft of the helicopter through the power transmission method of the electric motor built into the internal gear of the star gear, which improves the design of the center offset of the helicopter. That is improved the flight stability of the helicopter. At the same time, in terms of power transmission, the motor power consumed by the primary gear power of the star gear, while the traditional helicopter power transmission method has three or four gear power losses. The new concept of electric motor with star gear structure proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the transmission power loss of the gear. In addition, the distributed power control system proposed in this paper also reduces the possibility of helicopter crash due to motor failure.
Design of permanent magnet synchronous generator and anti-electromagnetic interference research
Authors: Liu Z S , Fang Z W , Li X X 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Compared with the electric excitation synchronous generator, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) use permanent magnet excitation to replace electric field winding, which can simplify the motor structure and also reduce the motor weight and loss, improve the efficiency and the reliability of the motor. And it also eliminates the excitation loss. Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) has many advantages such as wide load range, strong overload capacity and obvious energy saving effect. Based on Motor design software, Motor-Cad, a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) was optimum designed in this paper it can be used as an independent backup power source for daily life, business, engineering construction site, emergency rescue and emergency treatment, and the establishment of its structure, performance parameter and mathematical model were studied. At the same time, how to improve the capacity of permanent magnet generator against electromagnetic radiation interference is also a problem considered. Therefore, a current switching device is designed in the control system to prevent electromagnetic pulse damage to the permanent magnet generator. The performance simulation verifies that the permanent magnet synchronous generator designed in this paper meets the design requirements completely.
Systematic innovation combined with bionic technology applied to innovative research on UAV
Authors: Fang J , Shiau Y R , Hung W C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aims to improve the two major problems faced by UAVs, short battery life and difficulty detecting hovering, respectively. For the problems mentioned above, this study derives the application of bionic technology and the integration of green energy innovation through systematic innovation theory, designing the operation of UAVs using this research method. The scope includes research on bionic technology, systematic innovation, innovation of unmanned aerial vehicles, and conduct fluid analysis for the output results, watching to confirm the hovering state, and analyzing the battery life to ensure the improvement of power supply, the output, and verification of this research can significantly improve the future development and application of UAVs.
The interface design of storage and examination system for BWR spent nuclear fuel dry storage demonstration project in Taiwan
Authors: Chen C H , Lin Y J , Chen C H , Yang C W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to the lack of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) fuel examination data after dry storage, Taiwan Power Company and Institute of Nuclear Energy Research jointly launched the “Taiwan Nuclear Fuel Storage Demonstration Project” to collect fuel characteristics data under simulated dry storage. To meet the project requirements, BWR fuel rods in different fuel designs will be selected and then store in simulated storage containers in different environments for 10 years. The interface considerations and design results of the auxiliary equipment for spent nuclear fuel storage, transfer, and non-destructive testing in the simulation stage of spent fuel dry storage were summarized. In addition, the possibility of operating at high heating power and avoiding deformation of the components due to thermal extension of the storage containers after heating was included in the design consideration. A simplification concept was introduced, with frequent NDT (Non-destructive Testing) inspections that will be performed through the spent fuel transfer process. The test results showed that the interface design can meet the requirements of long-term experiment, maintenance and radiation protection requirements, and is ready for further demonstration.
Quantification of the Loading Coaxiality for the Uniaxial Material Test System with a Cylindrical Specimen via Optimized Neural Network
Authors: Chen Junxian , Zhang Jianhai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Material testing systems are crucial for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of materials. The material testing system’s accuracy determines the mechanical property of the material. Loading coaxiality is a crucial factor determining the precision of uniaxial tensile testing machines. Because of solid boundary nonlinearity in calculating loading coaxiality of the uniaxial test system, current methods can only be used for qualitative evaluation rather than quantification. Using the finite element method and the deep learning technique, a mapping relationship has been established between the strain measurements on the rod specimen and the alignment deviations of the material uniaxial testing system to quantify the loading coaxiality of the material testing system. The regularized genetic algorithm was further used to optimize the deep learning model’s hyperparameters, including learning rate, batch size, and network structure. Results showed that the deep learning model developed in this study could be used to quantify the alignment deviation of the uniaxial system based on strain distribution on the specimen. Besides providing a source for error analysis for material testing research, quantitative computation of alignment deviation can also guide the design, manufacture, and assembly of material uniaxial test systems.
Hearing screening based on deep residual shrinkage network
Authors: Huang Liling , Gong Qin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) could be a useful tool for assessing hearing capabilities. Training and testing data were collected from 1084 ears of 725 subjects. Based on SFOAEs, this study applied Deep Residual Shrinkage Network to screen hearing status. Results of a 10-fold cross-validation show that the model performed better than other recent literature in the range of 0.5 to 8 kHz, occupied a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.970-0.991) and had a higher accuracy (0.932-0.959). The developed classified model outperformed the previous model by accuracy improvements of 1.28% to 4.43% at 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 kHz.
Investigation on the hemispherical array structure for VLC transceiver
Authors: Liu Jiangnan , Peng Guojin , Su Jiapeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To achieve high quality, strong adaptability, and stability of visible light communication system, this paper plans to study the hemispherical array structure to realize the alignment of the light path. The structured surface covers multiple LED and PD detection arrays according to the longitude and weft direction, realizing the bidirectional sending and receiving model. It is demonstrated that the effective light intensity ratio of the hemispherical array is higher than that of the planar array, and the interference between channels of the hemispherical array is less than that of the planar array under the same conditions. In addition, the influence mechanism of optical mechanism parameters (transceiver hemisphere array radius, LED tilt angle, and PD tilt angle) on beam scattering is established, and the influence of relative position changes between LED array and PD array on communication performance is clarified.
Exploration Strategy Improved DDPG for Lane Keeping Tasks in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Hua Gaoyang , Huang Zhiqiu , Wang Jinyong , Xie Jian , Shen Guohua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We propose an Exploration Strategy Improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm called ESI-DDPG for lane keeping tasks in autonomous driving. The actor network in DDPG outputs a policy which is deterministic, so it is necessary to add noise to actions so that the autonomous vehicle can fully explore the environment and learn the optimal policy. However, the initial weight of exploration noise is large, which makes the autonomous vehicle carry out a lot of invalid exploration in the early training stage. Therefore, we combine the Stanley method to make a weighted correction to the exploration noise, so that the exploration of the vehicle tends to be in the right direction and the training efficiency can be improved. In addition, due to the good sample data obtained in the training process, the driving policy finally learned is better. We choose TORCS as the experiment platform and the results show that, compared with DDPG, TD3 and SAC, our proposed algorithm can learn the driving policy faster and the final policy has smaller trajectory error while driving.