bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model to assess the impact of digital technologies on the health-related quality of life
Authors: Lockl Jannik , Schick Doreen , Stoetzer Jens-Christian , Huff Katrin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a vital instrument to account for individuals’ well-being in various settings. However, no model of HRQoL allows for examining the effect of digital technology on HRQoL. Therefore, we extend an established HRQoL model by adding a digital technology-related construct. We refer to this extension as the technology-affected health-related quality of life (TA-HRQoL).

Methods
We investigate the extended TA-HRQoL model through a survey. In the survey, we exemplify the use of digital technology through a device for self-managing bladder dysfunction. Hence, we explore whether the model extension proposed is valid and how determinants of the HRQoL affect patients with bladder dysfunction.

Results
The results indicate that the use of digital technology improves the HRQoL. In our exemplary use scenario, the digital technology decreases bladder-related functional impairments and increases well-being and life satisfaction directly.

Conclusions
Our study may provide evidence for the influence of digital technologies on the HRQoL, thus supporting our model extension. We consider our proposed TA-HRQoL model as valid and as useful to account for the influence of digital technology on an individual’s HRQoL. With the TA-HRQoL model, the impact of a digital technology on an individual’s HRQoL can be assessed.
Getting the Message Out: Why Mail-Delivered GOTV Interventions Succeed or Fail
Authors: Fortier-Chouinard Alexandre , Bodet Marc André , Gélineau François , Savoie Justin , Ouimet Mathieu 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTMail-delivered get-out-the-vote (GOTV) field experiments have been found to increase voter turnout in some but not all contexts. We hypothesize that mail-delivered GOTV interventions are more successful in low-salience elections and test this in a systematic way for the first time. Relying on a systematic literature review and a meta-regression framework, we find that primary elections have a strong and significant positive impact on the success of mail-delivered GOTV interventions, whereas other commonly used measures of election salience, such as voter turnout, margin of victory, and a dummy for local elections, do not. These results highlight the possibility of fostering voter turnout using GOTV mail messages, especially in primary elections.
Evaluation of distress management in inpatients with cancer by means of the distress thermometer: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Götz Anna , Kröner Anja , Jenewein Josef , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo improve psychosocial care for oncology inpatients, we implemented screening for distress by means of distress thermometer (DT) at the Comprehensive Cancer Centre Zurich in 2011. Since then, several screening barriers have been reported regarding the application of the DT. This study aimed to evaluate the distress screening process between 2012 and 2016 to identify barriers preventing sustainability.MethodsIn this sequential explanatory mixed methods study, we synthesized the results of 2 quantitative retrospective descriptive studies and 1 qualitative focus group study. To compare and analyze the data, we used thematic triangulation.ResultsNurses screened 32% (N = 7034) of all newly admitted inpatients with the DT, and 47% of the screenings showed a distress level ≥5. Of these cases, 9.7% were referred to psycho-oncological services and 44.7% to social services. In 15.7% of these cases, nurses generated a psychosocial nursing diagnosis. In focus group interviews, nurses attributed the low screening rate to the following barriers: adaptation to patients’ individual needs, patient-related barriers and resistance, timing, communication challenges, established referral practice, and lack of integration in the nursing process.Significance of resultsTo improve distress screening performance, the screening process should be tailored to patients’ needs and to nurses’ working conditions (e.g., timing, knowledge, and setting-specific factors). To gain more evidence on distress management as a basis for practical improvements, further evaluations of distress screening are required.
Obliquity Induced Latitudinal Migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone During the Past ∼410 kyr
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Jian , Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Xiong Zhifang , Li Tiegang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObliquity influences the latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). However, the specific forcing mechanism remains unclear due to scarcity of long‐term and high‐resolution precipitation records from the Indo‐Pacific region. Here, we present a new, extended, high‐resolution (∼2 kyr) precipitation record covering the past ∼410 kyr from a marine sedimentary sequence collected at the southern margin of the ITCZ's latitudinal displacement within the Indo‐Pacific region. By integrating this new precipitation record with the published precipitation records at the northern margin of the ITCZ's latitudinal displacement, we found that precipitation in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres varied in anti‐phase on the obliquity band, indicating that the latitudinal migration of the ITCZ was dominated by obliquity. The obliquity forcing on the latitudinal migrations of the ITCZ could be imparted by variations in the North Atlantic sea ice cover, resulting from Agulhas leakage induced changes in the ventilation strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Interpretation of Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization Carriers in Magnetofossil‐Rich Marine Sediments
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Roberts Andrew P. , Ge Shulan , Liu Yanguang , Liu Jianxing , Liu Shuangchi , Tang Xu , Wang Haosen , Wang Dunfan , Li Jinhua , Liu Qingsong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) is an important magnetic parameter for quantifying the concentration of “fine”, mostly sub‐micron ferrimagnetic particles in rocks and sediments. A sound understanding of ARM carriers is needed to interpret magnetic and environmental information in sedimentary archives. This is often not achieved for marine sediments, which routinely contain several magnetic mineral components. Here, we analyze marine sediment records over different timescales for four sediment cores from the Eastern Pacific Ocean (Hole 1218A), the Antarctic margin (core P4‐1), the Arctic Ocean (core ARC5‐ICE4), and the South China Sea (core L07), using coercivity spectra analyses of ARM, first‐order reversal curve principal component analysis (FORC‐PCA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and unmixing of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curves. By combining rock magnetic and TEM results, we find that the ARM is mainly carried by non‐interacting single domain (SD) biogenic magnetite (magnetofossils) in the studied sediments over all timescales. Low‐coercivity magnetic particles (detrital and fine‐grained extracellular magnetite) also contribute to the bulk ARM. Variable magnetofossil chain structures are detected and have a significant influence on ARM data interpretation. Quantitative FORC‐PCA endmember analyses based on quantile contours and coercivity distributions provide valuable information on the nature of endmembers and improve ARM data interpretation. We provide an integrated strategy to help reduce interpretational ambiguities related to ARM in future studies.
MarsQuakeNet: A More Complete Marsquake Catalog Obtained by Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Dahmen Nikolaj L. , Clinton John F. , Meier Men‐Andrin , Stähler Simon C. , Ceylan Savas , Kim Doyeon , Stott Alexander E. , Giardini Domenico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNASA's Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) seismometer has been recording Martian seismicity since early 2019, and to date, over 1,300 marsquakes have been cataloged by the Marsquake Service (MQS). Due to typically low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) of marsquakes, their detection and analysis remain challenging: while event amplitudes are relatively low, the background noise has large diurnal and seasonal variations and contains various signals originating from the interactions of the local atmosphere with the lander and seismometer system. Since noise can resemble marsquakes in a number of ways, the use of conventional detection methods for catalog curation is limited. Instead, MQS finds events through manual data inspection. Here, we present MarsQuakeNet (MQNet), a deep convolutional neural network for the detection of marsquakes and the removal of noise contamination. Based on three‐component seismic data, MQNet predicts segmentation masks that identify and separate event and noise energy in time‐frequency domain. As the number of cataloged MQS events is small, we combine synthetic event waveforms with recorded noise to generate a training data set. We apply MQNet to the entire continuous 20 samples‐per‐second waveform data set available to date (>1,000 Martian days), for automatic event detection and for retrieving denoised amplitudes. The algorithm reproduces all high quality, as well as majority of low quality events in the manual, carefully curated MQS catalog. Furthermore, MQNet detects ∼60% additional events that were previously unknown with mostly low SNR, that are verified in manual review. Our analysis on the event rate confirms seasonal trends and shows a substantial increase in the second Martian year.
Comparable Bulk Radar Attenuation Characteristics Across Both Martian Polar Layered Deposits
Authors: Abu Hashmeh N. , Whitten J. L. , Russell A. T. , Putzig N. E. , Campbell B. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dust‐laden and predominantly water ice south polar layered deposits (SPLD) exhibit unique radar behavior at Shallow Radar (SHARAD) frequencies that is not seen in the NPLD. A vertically extensive scattering phenomenon leads to diffuse echoes that obscure radar stratigraphy within the SPLD, referred to as “fog.” Here, we use 2‐D and 3‐D SHARAD data to measure the areal extent in which the SPLD basal interface can be identified. We also measure reflected power of SPLD basal reflectors and compare those values to ice thickness, regional geomorphology, and the presence of radar echo scattering, to constrain any influence these factors may have on the propagation of radio waves and detectability of the base. Approximately 33% of the area in which the basal interface is observed in Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding data is also detected in SHARAD data. As expected, basal power shows a negative correlation with ice thickness, but the effects of radar fog are less clear. Areas of “column” radar fog patterns exhibit higher average basal power values than regions without radar fog, and areas with only near‐surface radar fog have the lowest average basal power values. Our study results suggest that these diffuse echoes may not be associated with radio wave attenuation. Average loss tangent for the SPLD (0.0019 ± 0.0012) indicates no distinguishable difference from previously reported NPLD values in terms of bulk loss properties. We speculate that the SPLD's infrequent reflections compared to the NPLD may be due to the former's dust being less densely packed together to facilitate radar detection.
Investigating the Impacts of Ionospheric Irregularities on Precise Point Positioning Over China and Its Mechanism
Authors: Li Wei , Song Shuli , Zhou Weili , Cheng Na , Yu Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impacts of ionospheric irregularities on precise point positioning (PPP) have been commonly noticed in the field of the ionosphere and the precise application of the Global Navigation Satellite System. But few attentions have been paid to how ionospheric irregularities deteriorate the performance of PPP. Aiming at exploring the mechanism of degradation of PPP solutions during the period of ionospheric irregularities, this paper investigates the impacts of ionospheric irregularities on the performance of kinematic PPP. The experiment uses GPS observation data sampled at the 30‐s interval over China on the days of 2014, 2015, and 2017 covering some active space weather, for example, solar and geomagnetic activities. The results show that the ionospheric irregularities caused increased positioning errors (decimeter‐ to meter‐level), enlarged phase residuals (decimeter‐level), and increased the number of detected cycle slips in PPP processing in low latitude regions of China. By proposing a novel strategy that compares the number of detected cycle slips from 30 s‐sampling interval data and 1s‐sampling interval data at the same station in an “aligned” mode, we present direct evidence of the existence of the falsely detected cycle slips in 30 s‐sampling interval data by the traditional cycle‐slip detection threshold in PPP processing. We reveal that the unnecessary and frequent reinitialization of ambiguity induced by the falsely detected cycle slips is dominantly responsible for the degradation of kinematic PPP solutions during the period of ionospheric irregularities. Our findings pointed out the direction for the improvement of kinematic PPP performance in the environment of ionospheric irregularities.
Mouse models of Kras activation in gastric cancer
Authors: Won Yoonkyung , Choi Eunyoung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGastric cancer has one of the highest incidence rates and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Sequential steps within the carcinogenic process are observed in gastric cancer as well as in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most well-known oncogene and can be constitutively activated by somatic mutations in the gene locus. For over 2 decades, the functions of Kras activation in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have been studied to elucidate its oncogenic roles during the carcinogenic process. Different approaches have been utilized to generate distinct in vivo models of GI cancer, and a number of mouse models have been established using Kras-inducible systems. In this review, we summarize the genetically engineered mouse models in which Kras is activated with cell-type and/or tissue-type specificity that are utilized for studying carcinogenic processes in gastric cancer as well as pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer. We also provide a brief description of histological phenotypes and characteristics of those mouse models and the current limitations in the gastric cancer field to be investigated further.
Recent trends in photoelectrochemical water splitting: the role of cocatalysts
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Meena Bhagatram , Subramanyam Palyam , Suryakala Duvvuri , Subrahmanyam Challapalli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnvironmental degradation due to the carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels has triggered the need for sustainable and renewable energy. Hydrogen has the potential to meet the global energy requirement due to its high energy density; moreover, it is also clean burning. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a method that generates hydrogen from water by using solar radiation. Despite the advantages of PEC water splitting, its applications are limited by poor efficiency due to the recombination of charge carriers, high overpotential, and sluggish reaction kinetics. The synergistic effect of using different strategies with cocatalyst decoration is promising to enhance efficiency and stability. Transition metal-based cocatalysts are known to improve PEC efficiency by reducing the barrier to charge transfer. Recent developments in novel cocatalyst design have led to significant advances in the fundamental understanding of improved reaction kinetics and the mechanism of hydrogen evolution. To highlight key important advances in the understanding of surface reactions, this review provides a detailed outline of very recent reports on novel PEC system design engineering with cocatalysts. More importantly, the role of cocatalysts in surface passivation and photovoltage, and photocurrent enhancement are highlighted. Finally, some challenges and potential opportunities for designing efficient cocatalysts are discussed.
Quantification of human contribution to soil moisture-based terrestrial aridity
Authors: Wang Yaoping , Mao Jiafu , Hoffman Forrest M. , Bonfils Céline J. W. , Douville Hervé , Jin Mingzhou , Thornton Peter E. , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Shi Xiaoying , Chen Haishan , Wullschleger Stan D. , Piao Shilong , Dai Yongjiu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurrent knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of changes in soil moisture-based terrestrial aridity has considerable uncertainty. Using Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) calculated from multi-source merged data sets, we find widespread drying in the global midlatitudes, and wetting in the northern subtropics and in spring between 45°N–65°N, during 1971–2016. Formal detection and attribution analysis shows that human forcings, especially greenhouse gases, contribute significantly to the changes in 0–10 cm SSI during August–November, and 0–100 cm during September–April. We further develop and apply an emergent constraint method on the future SSI’s signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and trends under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5. The results show continued significant presence of human forcings and more rapid drying in 0–10 cm than 0–100 cm. Our findings highlight the predominant human contributions to spatiotemporally heterogenous terrestrial aridification, providing a basis for drought and flood risk management.
A click chemistry amplified nanopore assay for ultrasensitive quantification of HIV-1 p24 antigen in clinical samples
Authors: Wei Xiaojun , Wang Xiaoqin , Zhang Zehui , Luo Yuanyuan , Wang Zixin , Xiong Wen , Jain Piyush K. , Monnier John R. , Wang Hui , Hu Tony Y. , Tang Chuanbing , Albrecht Helmut , Liu Chang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite major advances in HIV testing, ultrasensitive detection of early infection remains challenging, especially for the viral capsid protein p24, which is an early virological biomarker of HIV-1 infection. Here, To improve p24 detection in patients missed by immunological tests that dominate the diagnostics market, we show a click chemistry amplified nanopore (CAN) assay for ultrasensitive quantitative detection. This strategy achieves a 20.8 fM (0.5 pg/ml) limit of detection for HIV-1 p24 antigen in human serum, demonstrating 20~100-fold higher analytical sensitivity than nanocluster-based immunoassays and clinically used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Clinical validation of the CAN assay in a pilot cohort shows p24 quantification at ultra-low concentration range and correlation with CD4 count and viral load. We believe that this strategy can improve the utility of p24 antigen in detecting early infection and monitoring HIV progression and treatment efficacy, and also can be readily modified to detect other infectious diseases.
Three-dimensional skyrmionic cocoons in magnetic multilayers
Authors: Grelier Matthieu , Godel Florian , Vecchiola Aymeric , Collin Sophie , Bouzehouane Karim , Fert Albert , Cros Vincent , Reyren Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional spin textures emerge as promising quasi-particles for encoding information in future spintronic devices. The third dimension provides more malleability regarding their properties and more flexibility for potential applications. However, the stabilization and characterization of such quasi-particles in easily implementable systems remain a work in progress. Here we observe a three-dimensional magnetic texture that sits in the interior of magnetic thin films aperiodic multilayers and possesses a characteristic ellipsoidal shape. Interestingly, these objects that we call skyrmionic cocoons can coexist with more standard tubular skyrmions going through all the multilayer as evidenced by the existence of two very different contrasts in room temperature magnetic force microscopy. The presence of these novel skyrmionic textures as well as the understanding of their layer resolved chiral and topological properties have been investigated by micromagnetic simulations. Finally, we show that the skyrmionic cocoons can be electrically detected using magneto-transport measurements.
Continuous generation of topological defects in a passively driven nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Mur Maruša , Kos Žiga , Ravnik Miha , Muševič Igor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynthetic active matter is emerging as the prime route for the realisation of biological mechanisms such as locomotion, active mixing, and self-organisation in soft materials. In particular, passive nematic complex fluids are known to form out-of-equilibrium states with topological defects, but their locomotion, activation and experimental realization has been developed and understood to only a limited extent. Here, we report that the concentration-driven flow of small molecules triggers turbulent flow in the thin film of a nematic liquid crystal that continuously generates pairs of topological defects with an integer topological charge. The diffusion results in the formation of counter-rotating vortex rolls in the liquid crystal, which above a velocity threshold transform into a turbulent flow with continuous generation and annihilation of the defect pairs. The pairs of defects are created by the self-amplifying splay instability between the vortices, until a pair of oppositely charged defects is formed.
Collective genomic segments with differential pleiotropic patterns between cognitive dimensions and psychopathology
Authors: Lam Max , Chen Chia-Yen , Hill W. David , Xia Charley , Tian Ruoyu , Levey Daniel F. , Gelernter Joel , Stein Murray B. , Hatoum Alexander S. , Huang Hailiang , Malhotra Anil K. , Runz Heiko , Ge Tian , Lencz Todd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCognitive deficits are known to be related to most forms of psychopathology. Here, we perform local genetic correlation analysis as a means of identifying independent segments of the genome that show biologically interpretable pleiotropic associations between cognitive dimensions and psychopathology. We identify collective segments of the genome, which we call “meta-loci”, showing differential pleiotropic patterns for psychopathology relative to either cognitive task performance (CTP) or performance on a non-cognitive factor (NCF) derived from educational attainment. We observe that neurodevelopmental gene sets expressed during the prenatal-early childhood period predominate in CTP-relevant meta-loci, while post-natal gene sets are more involved in NCF-relevant meta-loci. Further, we demonstrate that neurodevelopmental gene sets are dissociable across CTP meta-loci with respect to their spatial distribution across the brain. Additionally, we find that GABA-ergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic genes drive pleiotropic relationships within dissociable meta-loci.