bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Nurse-Driven Spontaneous Awakening Trial Protocol in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ketcham Scott W. , Adie Sarah K. , Brummel Kent , Walker Emily , Prescott Hallie C. , Thomas Michael P. 
Published: April 2022

Background
In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, spontaneous awakening trials reduce morbidity and mortality when paired with spontaneous breathing trials. However, spontaneous awakening trials are not performed every day they are indicated and little is known about spontaneous awakening trial protocol use in cardiac intensive care units.

Local Problem
Spontaneous awakening trial completion rate at the study institution was low and no trial protocol was regularly used.

Methods
A preintervention-postintervention retrospective cohort study was performed in adult patients with at least 24 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation in Michigan Medicine’s cardiac intensive care unit. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. Data included demographics, sedation, mechanical ventilation duration, and in-hospital mortality. A nurse-driven spontaneous awakening trial protocol modified for the cardiac intensive care unit was implemented in October 2020.

Results
Compared with the preintervention cohort (n = 29, May through July 2020), the postintervention cohort (n = 27, October 2020 through February 2021) had a higher ratio of number of trials performed to number of days eligible for trial (0.91 vs 0.52; P &lt; .01). Median continuous sedative infusion duration was shorter after intervention (2.3 vs 3.6 days; P = .02). Median mechanical ventilation duration (3.8 vs 4.7 days; P = .18) and mortality (41% vs 41%; P = .95) were similar between groups.

Conclusions
Spontaneous awakening trial protocol implementation led to a higher trial completion rate and a shorter duration of continuous sedative infusion. Larger studies are needed to assess the impact of protocolized spontaneous awakening trials on cardiac intensive care unit patient outcomes.
Comparison of Oxygen Delivery Methods during Monitored Anaesthesia Care for Flexible Endoscopy Procedures
Authors: Agrawal Shivangi Harish , Khara Birva 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Endoscopic procedures are usually performed under monitored anaesthesia care. Hypoxia could occur due to the sedative effects of drugs used during flexible endoscopic procedures and sharing of airway between endoscopist and anaesthesiologist. Administration of oxygen could reduce the incidence of hypoxia.

Aims and Objectives:
We aimed to study whether delivery of oxygen through nasal prongs or through a T-piece without an after-burner connected to a nasopharyngeal airway could reduce the incidence of hypoxia during monitored anaesthesia care for flexible endoscopic procedures. While our primary objective was to compare the incidence of hypoxia (oxygen saturation [SpO2] < 90% lasting for at least 15 s), our secondary objectives were to compare the level of sedation and incidence of adverse events.

Patients and Methods:
Sixty six patients (33 in each group) aged between 18 and 80 years were randomly allocated to one of two groups to receive oxygen through nasal prongs or through a T-piece without an after-burner connected to a nasopharyngeal airway. Drug requirement, SpO2 and adverse events were monitored pre-procedure and every 5 min thereafter till the end of the procedure.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the mean SpO2 (P > 0.05), but the incidence of hypoxia was less in patients receiving oxygen through nasal prongs as compared to patients receiving oxygen through a T-piece without an after-burner connected to a nasopharyngeal airway (P < 0.05). Adverse events were found to be comparable between two groups.

Conclusion:
During flexible endoscopy under monitored anaesthesia care, oxygen delivery through nasal prongs results in a lower incidence of hypoxia as compared to oxygen delivery through a T-piece without an after-burner connected to a nasopharyngeal airway.
Lip print patterns
Authors: Chandrakala J , Suganya G , Yadava T Satish , Doddawad Vidya , Nagarathna J , Kalavathi M 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The wrinkles and grooves visible on the lips form the characteristic pattern of an individual and imprints produced is termed as “lip print.” The study of these prints is known as “cheiloscopy.” Variations in patterns among males and females could help in sex determination. Lip prints, therefore, can constitute material evidence left at a crime spot, equivalent to fingerprints. These patterns are heritable and are believed to be unique and permanent. The lip prints of parents and children and those of siblings have been shown to have some similarities. The influence of inherited lip print patterns among family members is still a new concept and studies are scanty in literature.

Objectives:
The objectives are to determine the most common patterns and gender-wise distribution among the study population and to analyze the inherited lip print patterns from parents to their offspring.

Materials and Methods:
Lip prints of 30 families were obtained using lipstick and cellophane tape. Based on criteria given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, patterns were recorded and analyzed from four quadrants of the lips using a magnifying lens.

Results:
The positive resemblance of lip print patterns from parents to their offsprings showed statistically significant resemblance in one quadrant and rest of the three quadrants showed no significant association between parents and offspring.

Conclusion:
Positive resemblance among the family members can be attributed to the genetics and inheritance. Lip print can be considered as an auxiliary method of identification.
Immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu, p53, and Ki67 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mohanapure Neelam Sureshrao , Khandeparkar Siddhi Gaurish Sinai , Saragade Pradnya B. , Gogate Bageshri P. , Joshi Avinash R. , Mehta Sameera Rajendra 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor occurring in the oral cavity.Aim:The present study was conducted to evaluate the biomarkers such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), p53 and Ki67 expression in OSCC cases, and its correlation with other well-established clinicopathological parameters.Materials and Methods:Seventy cases of OSCC cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. A technique of manual tissue microarray was employed for the analysis of expression of IHC markers such as EGFR, HER2/neu, p53, and Ki67 in all cases. Results were subjected to the statistical analysis.Results:A statistically significant positive association was noted between EGFR expression and tumor grade, tumor stage, and p53 immunoexpression in OSCC cases. Increased EGFR expression was noted insignificantly in OSCC cases with lymph node (LN) metastasis and Ki67 positive cases. Statistically significant positive association was noted between HER2/neu expression and tumor grade and stage of oral SCC cases. Increased HER2/neu expression was noted insignificantly in OSCC cases with LN metastasis, p53 and Ki67 positive OSCC cases. A statistically significant positive association was noted between percent of tumor cells expressing EGFR, HER2/neu, p53 and Ki67, and grade of OSCC.Conclusion:This study intends to document prognostic utility of EGFR and HER2/neu expression in OSCC cases in the Indian setting and contribute to the data pool which could aid in formulating individual tailored therapy that includes targeted therapy in oral SCC cases.
Physical height and crown dimensions of primary teeth
Authors: Alasmari Fadwa Saeed , Ain Tasneem Sakinatul , Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Maalawi Ghadah Zayed , Almoghamer Alhanouf Delaim , Alalshikh Alhanouf Abdulwahab 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Teeth morphometrics have been considered to be integral in identifying an individual as it is correlated with the body stature.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the association between crown length and physical height of children and derive mathematical equations for the prediction of physical height from crown length of primary maxillary anterior teeth.

Setting and Design:
A dentomorphometric study was carried out among 100 Saudi Arabian children of 3–6 years of age. Maxillary arch impressions were taken for all participants. Clinical crown length and physical height were measured using digital Vernier Caliper and Physician Mechanical Beam Scale, respectively. Regression analysis, correlation analysis and unpaired t-test were performed for data analysis.

Results:
In female children, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between primary maxillary right lateral incisor and primary maxillary left central incisor and height of the children, and highly significant association between primary maxillary left lateral incisor and height of the children was found. Whereas for male children, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between primary maxillary right central incisor, primary maxillary right canine and primary maxillary left central incisor with physical height of children.

Conclusions:
The research has established a significant positive correlation between the clinical crown length and the height of the children in combined sample for teeth numbers 51, 52, 53, 61 and 62. The study has derived the mathematical equations for the prediction of physical height from crown length of few maxillary anterior teeth, for both male and female children.

Clinical Significance:
The estimation of physical height from the tooth-crown dimensions can prove to be quite beneficial aid in forensic investigations as teeth are resistant to huge traumatic forces such as in case of mass disasters.
Anti-plaque efficacy of Hi-Ora mouthrinse and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate in patients with chronic gingivitis
Authors: Mathew Melwin , Joyshree C , Ratan Velagapalli Jessie , Kartheek Votturu , Thirumalai S , Banothu Mohan Nayak 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate has remained the gold standard chemical plaque control agent till date, though, being associated with several disadvantages including its tendency to stain teeth and leading to irritation of soft tissues. To overcome these inherent disadvantages, there has been a surge of studies in the recent past to evaluate the efficacy of herbal mouthrinses as against CHX.

Objective:
The present study was planned to compare the anti-plaque efficacy of Hi-Ora mouthrinse as against 0.12% CHX in patients with chronic gingivitis.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was designed as a case–control study including 90 patients with chronic gingivitis who were divided into 3 groups including Group A in which 0.12% CHX was prescribed, Group B in which patients were prescribed Hi-Ora and Group C in which normal saline was prescribed after oral prophylaxis while the mean Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI) scores were recorded on the 5th postprocedural day.

Results:
The mean GI score in CHX group was found to be 0.70 ± 0.25 as against 0.66 ± 0.16 in Hi-Ora and 1.59 ± 0.55 in normal saline groups. Similarly, the mean PI score in CHX group was found to be 0.80 ± 0.31 as against 0.77 ± 0.30 in Hi-Ora and 1.86 ± 0.61 in normal saline groups.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study suggested Hi-Ora to be more effective than 0.12% CHX in reducing the mean GI and PI scores among all the 3 groups.
Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Gandhi Shivang , Menon Preethi , Jagtap Biswajit L. , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Background:
People with epilepsy are more likely than the general population to have comorbid psychiatric disorders. There are several studies addressing the issue using various tools, but very few studies have been done on Indian population. Country-specific studies are necessary for proper and more accurate evaluation of psychiatric disorder in patients with epilepsy.

Aim:
To study the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out in the Neurology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital and research centre attached to a medical college, from September 2018 to September 2020. By purposive sampling, 140 patients diagnosed with epilepsy by neurologist and attending neurology outpatient department were included in the study with their consent. Equal number of age- and sex-matched subjects without physical or psychiatric morbidity were selected as controls. Patients and participants were assessed on sociodemographic questionnaire, MINI international neuropsychiatric interview, quality of life in epilepsy, Depression Anxiety Stress scale, and Big five inventory.

Results:
Significantly more patients with epilepsy (n = 64;45.71%) as compared to the control group (n = 45;32.14%) were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders (Chi-square = 5.423; P = 0.019). Depression was seen in 33.57% of people suffering from epilepsy. Anxiety was seen in 25.714% of cases compared to 14.28% among controls. Stress is present in 9.28% of patients with epilepsy. The quality of life is poor in patients with epilepsy in comparison with participants from the control group. Epilepsy was associated with significantly lower scores on extraversionand significantly higher neuroticism scores.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of psychiatric disorder is significantly more in patients with epilepsy in comparison with the general population. Epilepsy had a negative impact on quality of life of the subjects.
Endoscopic Treatment of Rhinogenic Contact Point Headache-Our Experiences at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Agrawala Rohit 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Headache is a universal clinical presentation in the course of everyone's life. In Rhinogenic contact point headache (RCPH), intranasal mucosal contact points are seen between the opposing mucosal surface of the nasal septum and turbinates of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Objective:
To study the details of endoscopic treatment of RCPH and its effectiveness to relieve headache.

Materials and Methods:
There were 68 patients of RCPH who participated in this prospective study. The mucosal contact points inside the nasal cavity were excised by the endoscopic approach under general anesthesia. The olfactory mucosal lining was protected from injury during this surgical process. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
Out of 68 patients with RCPH participated in this study with 38 (55.88%) males and 30 (44.11%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 1.26:1. All patients underwent endoscopic excision of the intranasal mucosal contact points. After 3 months of endoscopic excision of the intranasal mucosal contact points, the symptoms disappeared in 52 (76.47%) patients, and significantly improved in 13 (19.1%) patients. Only 3 (4.41%) patients did not show obvious improvement. Satisfactory results were archived by endonasal excision of the mucosal contact points in 65 (95.58%) patients with RCPH.

Conclusion:
RCPH is an important cause of headache. Endoscopic surgical excision of the intranasal mucosal contact points in patients of RCPH is useful to relieve headache effectively.
Association between Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring and the Duration of Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Marzouki Hani Z , Alasmari Ammar Ali , Alsallum Fahad Saad , Alzahrani Mohammad , Alharbi Majed , Zawawi Faisal , Alhozali Amani , Merdad Mazin , Samargandy Shaza 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the serious complications of thyroid surgeries, which has been a topic of medicolegal concern. Although the course of the nerve can vary between patients, RLN visualization has been the gold standard method for identifying the nerve intraoperatively. However, over recent years, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has gained more acceptance and has been standardized and utilized, in addition to visual nerve identification, in many thyroids and parathyroid surgery centers. In this study, we aim to determine the association between the use of nerve integrity monitoring systems and the duration of thyroid surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective chart review, conducted at hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We included all patients who underwent thyroid surgery during the period between 2014 and 2019, with no exclusion criteria. We studied variables including duration of surgery, preoperative assessment, diagnosis, surgical procedure, use of IONM, and comorbidities.

Results:
A total of 236 patients were included, of which 69 (29.2%) cases used IONM. The mean duration of all surgeries was 179.95 ± 96.9 min, whereas the mean duration of surgeries using IONM only was 214.39 min, compared to 165.72 min of surgeries without IONM, which reveals a statistically significant association between the use of nerve monitoring and an increase in the duration of surgery (P ≤0.002).

Conclusion:
IONM utilization in thyroid surgeries was associated with a longer duration of surgery. However, more studies are required to support this result.
Accuracy of different lens power calculation formulas in patients with phacomorphic glaucoma
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed Ali , Samadi Melika , Soleimani Mohammad , Fonoodi Hosein , Ghods Sepideh , Inanloo Bahman 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to determine the most accurate formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation among five currently used formulas in eyes with phacomorphic glaucoma (PG) undergoing cataract extraction surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this prospective interventional case series Patients diagnosed with PG were undergone uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. After 3 months, the refractive outcome for each formula was evaluated with mean prediction error (PE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the percentages of eyes within 0.25 D and 0.5 D of predicted error.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three patients completed the study. PEs were significantly different among the 5 formulas (P = 0.019), and Holladay I had the least error (−0.02 ± 1.11). Haigis formula had the highest hyperopic shift (0.37 ± 1.22), highest MAE (0.99 ± 0.78) and the lowest percentages of desired PEs, while the SRK II produced the greatest percentages. The overall differences in MAE between the 5 formulas were statistically insignificant (P = 0.547).

CONCLUSION:
In some extreme situations like patients with PG, lower generation of IOL power calculation formulas may still produce more acceptable refractive outcomes.
In vitro anti-ageing activity of ethanol extract of Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) leaf and the extract loaded gelatin nanoparticles
Authors: Kosasih Kosasih , Redja I Wayan , Farida Yunahara 
Published: March 2022

Background: Empirically, Cantigi leaves (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) have been used for beauty and health, but their activity has not been studied much.
Objective: To produce an ethanolic extract of Cantigi leaves, nanoparticles of the ethanolic extract and to compare their antioxidant, anticollagenase, and antityrosinase activities.
Methods: Dry powders of young Cantigi leaves were macerated gradually with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Dried extracts were evaluated for specific and non-specific parameters, made into nanoparticles by desolvation using gelatin as polymer and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker, and then characterized. Antioxidant, anticollagenase, and antityrosinase activities of the extracts and nanoparticles (IC50) were measured and compared.
Results: The ethanol extract of Cantigi leaves met specific and non-specific parameters. Nanoparticle: particle size of 307.90+2.54 nm, polydispersity index of 0.271+0.01, zeta potential 12.80+0.44 mV, entrapment efficiency of 43.29±3.97%, and spherical. IC50 of anticollagenase, antioxidant, and antityrosinase for extracts 104.18±0.33, 18.87±0.36, 196.88±20.28 ppm; and for nanoparticles 124.40±0.39, 30.14±0.33, and 53.55±27.07 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: In general, the nanoparticle activity was lower than the extract activity except for the antityrosinase activity. The slow release of the extract from the nanoparticles is thought to be the cause of the decrease in activity.
Prescription of medicine for outpatients of gynaecology obstetric poly at a private hospital in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Apriyanto Didik , Setiawati Maria Caecilia Nanny 
Published: March 2022

Background: Rational use of drugs means that patients get the right drug, in the right amount, at the right time, and at the lowest price. The World Health Organizaiton (WHO) issued a guide of the main indicators for the rationale assessment of drug use. These indicators are used as the first line in the assessment of drug use. Prescribing indicators are used to see patterns of drug use and can directly describe inappropriate drug use. This is known as the WHO criteria indicator.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine drug prescribing for obsteric gynaecology (OB/GYN) poly outpatients at a private hospital in Semarang in accordance with hospital formulary and pharmacy availability.
Methods: For this purpose, a descriptive and quantitative survey was conducted. The sample included 251 patients from January 2020. The data were collected retrospectively from the pharmacy's prescriptions.
Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per visit was 2.45. Antibiotics were prescribed in 5.2% of encounters and injections in 0.2 %. 5.7% of drugs prescribed were generic, and 2.8% were from the hospital's formulary. The Pharmacy Installation had 79.6% drug availability. Mineral multivitamins (51.5%), hormonal drugs (20.9%), and antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed drugs (5.2%).
Conclusion: On the basis of the finding of this study, this OB/GYN Hospital still needs to improve the appropriateness with WHO criteria so that the drugs prescribed were rational and can be available.
Determinant factors of narcotics, psychotropic, and addictive substances abuse relapse in a drug rehabilitation centre in Indonesia
Authors: Raharni Raharni , Isfandari Siti , Purnamasari Telly , Susianti Andi Leny , Mujiati Mujiati 
Published: March 2022

Background: Drug abuse (narcotics, psychotropics, and addictive substances) causes very broad and complex problems, including relapse. Relapse is a process that occurs due to several triggering factors where a person has been declared abstinence (recovered) returning to use drugs. Objective: To identify the determining factors related to the recurrence of drug abuse in a drug rehabilitation center. Methods: A cross-sectional research design, involving searching literature to find results from journals and research papers that relate to a relapse of drug use and returning to rehabilitation centers. Results: Internal factors in the family such as ineffective functions and roles of the family, family imbalances and economic status also played a role. In addition to, communication within the family and, external factors, such as environmental and peer group variables as well as the use of free time. The influence of friends was a very dominant factor in causing relapse. Social and environmental pressures were the external factors more likely to cause relapse. The types of drugs used also affected the likelihood of relapse. Social support has an important role in the healing process of drug addiction. The drug often misused was shabu-shabu (methamphetamine), because of its affordability. Shabu-shabu is also associated with drug violence in the middle levels. Conclusion: Factors determining the relapse of narcotics, psychotropic, and addictive substances (drugs) in drug rehabilitation centers consisted of internal factors such as gender, age, knowledge and association with old friends as well as external social and environmental pressures.