bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DroneBox - A Fully Automated UAV System for Surveillance and Inspection Application
Authors: Manapongpun Pattawut , Kriengkomol Pakpoom , Karoonkornsakul Chanon , Lounsrimongkol Narongsak , Rajawana Amin , Khamphroo Matenat , Wachirapisun Songwoot , Chenchai Napat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, an unmanned aerial vehicle or UAV technology has become more robust and reliable to serve industrial applications including site patronage, monitoring and surveillance missions. However, the operational growth is retarded by the slow development of experienced UAV pilots and operators, which makes the routine UAV missions costly and not feasible. The "DroneBox" is a fully automated, completely independent drone solution, where it will serve as the drone storage and self-maintenance base, for a surveillance operation without any human assistant. With our technology, the drone will be able to take off, perform missions, land precisely and recharge automatically while using accumulated real-time information to operate with the safest configuration. Implementation of the DroneBox system offshore will reduce the risk, cost and time of surveillance operation compared to the conventional method used in the industry. The predetermined events can be identified ahead of time, risks can be assessed earlier, and hazards can be prevented.
Normally, scheduled offshore surveillance is done by assigning inspectors to investigate anomalies on offshore plants via crew boat vessels. These costly procedures can be replaced by the proposed solution, the innovative "DroneBox". Based on the feasibility study on PTTEP maintenance cost related to offshores surveillance, "DroneBox" could save up to 1.82 million USD annually from transportation expenses calculated from the operation on 30 different platforms in Artit (ART) and Great Bongkot North (GBN) wellhead platforms. Our developed technology is the transition towards the new era of autonomous surveillance in oil and gas industry.
Synthetic Casing Corrosion Log Prediction Using Geospatial Analysis – A Digital Twin Concept
Authors: Al-Kadem Mohammad , Bayounis Ryyan , Khalaf Ayman , Alghamdi Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDownhole casing corrosion monitoring is a key element in production engineering as it ensures the integrity and safety of assets, maximizes the life and serviceability of a well, and contributes to a successful HSE management programs. Consequently, wells are frequently logged for corrosion and metal loss anomalies to monitor casing integrity. This study explores a method using geospatial analytical techniques to develop synthetic corrosion logs to optimize OPEX, supplement missing logs, and avoid production deferment and downtimes.The proposed method generates full synthetic corrosion logs using geospatial analysis based on available logs, then it maps metal loss defects across the entire field. The spatial mapping builds a 3D map based on depth using computational geometry and computer-aided engineering. Hundreds of thousands of data points from hundreds of logs, represented by (1) depth, (2) casing specifications, (3) cement properties, and (4) metal loss severity, have been fed into the framework to develop a variogram model using Kriging interpolation. By developing the variogram model, a map is generated at each depth point with casing metal loss ratio, and hence a full synthetic corrosion log is built.The data set of available corrosion logs was split into two parts; 70% for training the model and the remining 30 % for testing. Then a cross-verification check was done as well. The developed geospatial analytical model achieved an overall confidence level of 95% of all predicted logs generated using the geospatial analysis. Another scenario was initially studied that incorporates depth, metal loss percentages, and well age as the only input data points. However, this study yielded a lower accuracy level of only 90%. This percentage increased to 95% when incorporating formation characteristics, casing and cement properties into the model. The developed model enabled effective optimization of 1000 corrosion logs requirement through the generation of a full field metal loss severity map. The cost avoidance can be estimated to reach up to tens of millions of dollars due to the ability of predicting metal loss for critical wells without actual operation costs.On top of assuring well integrity, the developed method promotes health and safety of assets and personnel as it minimizes physical exposure of corrosive gases such as H2S.
Eradicating Biases and Establishing Consistency in Geological Chance of Success
Authors: Al-Baloul Bader , Mittal Sharad Kumar , Spencer David , Al-Ramadan Naseema 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Geoscientists are bound to have a degree of bias based on their own knowledge, experience, perception, adversity to risk, education, or pre-conceived beliefs. Such subjectivity may lead to a prejudice in making a decision unless this is properly recognized and corrected. As such, this may result in a distorted view of the likelihood on a decision to ‘drill-or-drop,’ if these pre-drill probability predictions are not rationalized. It is therefore extremely important to improve probability assessments by undertaking different approaches, such as setting up detailed and consistent protocols, company-wide standardization or by applying specific elicitation methods.
A statistical analysis was undertaken using pre- and post-drill Geological Chance of Success (gCOS) and P-mean volume of the prospects that were drilled vis-a-vis prospects yet to be drilled. The reason for this is to identify the range of the pessimistic and/or optimistic evaluations by the risk reviewers. The purpose then becomes to derive a more stringent and authentic method by which such high deviations in risk estimations, and consistency with the methodology for prospective resource estimations, could be minimized with any potential biases removed. A historical database from the company's assets, spanning over a decade (2010-2020), was used for the statistical analysis.
The results suggest that the risk reviewer's bias, lack of close analogues and paucity of direct evidence of perspectivity, resulted in non-realistic and over/under estimation of gCOS and prospective resources. Being able to understand and quantify the risks and uncertainties, and knowing how to manage them effectively, contributes to well-founded business decisions, protects the value of projects and assets, and maximizes the value of company project portfolios. A systematic risk and peer review processes was then evolved by KUFPEC to constrain these biased subjective deviations from real objective estimations and to minimize the risk of the overestimation / underestimation of risking and hydrocarbon volume for a given prospect.
Implementing a New Foam-Acid Technology for Matrix Stimulation of Challenging Low Pressure, Naturally Fractured Carbonates Reservoirs: Case Studies, Northern Iraq
Authors: Alvarez Jhonny , Alarcon Xavier , Tellez Jonnathan , Sameer Younus , Soran Mohammed , Rebeen Qader 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHistorically, low-pressure, highly-fractured limestone formations have shown challenges in achieving proper acid diversion. In addition to the well deviation, this challenge becomes critical for wells close to the Water-Oil-Contact (WOC), with a latent likelihood to stimulate water zones. Consequently, a pinpoint placement technique thru Coiled Tubing (CT) plus a novel stimulation fluid is required to reduce/overcome this challenge.Common foamed acid has a short foam-stability time e.g., 10 minutes under native conditions. Hence, plain nitrified acid is pumped into the formation resulting in uneven treatment. Thus, custom foaming acids with stable foam qualities increments (e.g., 60% to 80%) are required to eliminate the risk of acid segregation to water zones. Then, wellbore fluids are over displaced by nitrogen, followed by the novel foamed acid with an initial bottom-hole foam quality of 60%, allowing the subsequent foamed stages (e.g., 65% to 80%) to divert upwards from the interval. Additionally, the CT mechanical diversion enables squeezing the treatment into the planned intervals.Carbonate reservoir stimulations in the north region of Iraq are performed using conventional hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments. The foam acid diverting technology was implemented in challenging wells with a high risk of early water breakthrough based on water cut development in offset wells.Foamed matrix stimulation treatments were carried out through CT using a highly stable acid foam with self-diversion capability in ESP producer wells, demonstrating outstanding acid distribution over the interval of interest and sidestepping acid segregation to the water conductive zones.Despite the proximity of water zones, the use of foamed acids enhanced oil production and showcased a production gain of up to 3000 BOPD without water increase. The technology also allowed decreasing the volume of injected acid per meter of net interval by 41.7%, without jeopardizing the treatment efficacy which made it a cost-effective project. Based on the results, customized foamed acid treatments were incorporated in most of the stimulation programs.This paper discusses a novel foamed-acid system and the pinpoint placement technique used to stimulate challenging carbonate formations to get even fluid distribution, reducing the fluid segregation, thus minimizing the acid contact with the offending water zones.
Machine Learning Techniques Application for Real-Time Drilling Hydraulic Optimization
Authors: Elmgerbi Asad , Chuykov Egor , Thonhauser Gerhard , Nascimento Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, several methods and techniques have been proposed to optimize drilling hydraulic's in real-time; one of these techniques is machine learning, which has shown promising results in prediction and optimization. Nevertheless, the real-time implementation of these techniques is still challenging since most of the published work tried to perform prediction tasks rather than the optimization task. In this regard, this paper tries to tackle the shortcomings of the recently published related methods by presenting a holistic model, based on a machine learning concept, focused on real-time optimization of drilling hydraulic's within a sufficiently short time span and without disturbing the drilling process.
The presented approach relies on using two interconnected models to achieve the goal, which can be classified into, data-driven and analytical models. The real-time optimization process starts by using two predictive models to predict standpipe pressure and annular pressure losses and an analytical model to compute the drill-string pressure loss. Subsequently, the three generated values are used by an optimizer algorithm to generate the optimum combinations of surface drilling parameters, namely, weight on bit, flow rate, and rotation per minute, which are expected to optimize drilling hydraulic.
Two case studies were conducted based on a historical drilling data set to assess the performance of the utilized predictive models and to measure the time required for the model to perform an optimization task. The results reveal that the predictive model demonstrated very high accuracy in terms of predicting SPP and APL as indicated by the determination coefficient value (R2), which was between 0.87 and 0.99. Moreover, the overall simulation time was within a range of between 2 to 4 minutes, which is considered a rational time frame for a real-time optimization task. The methodology applied allowed us to conclude, even showing some limitations, that machine learning techniques can be well used for hydraulic optimization in real-time.
New Type of Casing Deformation Rising in Weiyuan Changning Shale Gas Play
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Liu Jiandong , Cheng Wei , Jiang Weidong , Jin Juan , Shen Luhe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Casing deformation of shale gas wells reduces the production rate and increases the cost. Early researches showed casing shear deformation due to weak plane slip is the majority in Weiyuan shale gas play. Since 2018, a rising form of casing deformation with elliptical crosssection appeared, defined as casing buckling elliptical deformation in this paper. The mechanism of such deformation is revealed through statistical studies of morphological, geological, and engineering factors. Research indicates that an abrupt change in wellbore trajectory is the critical factor. Elastic deformation is initiated during the casing running process by casing bending and poor cement sheath. The casing is plastically deformed with increased axial load from downhole tools trapping during the downhole operation and/or hydraulic fracturing induced cracking. Downhole tools are free to pass through with casing diameter remains in elastic stage, whereas tools encounter difficulties to pass through when the diameter is narrowed in plastic deformation. Casing buckling elliptical deformation can be easily identified by the elliptical shape in crosssections and centrosymmetric extrusion and intrusion in 3D views generated from the result of MFC logs. A clear understanding of the mechanism is necessary for further study on effective countermeasures for casing buckling deformation in shale gas wells.
Capitalizing Drilling Lessons Learned by Executing them with an Advance Automation System
Authors: Hernandez Gerardo , Corona Mauricio , Nunes Andres 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Automation has been implemented in the drilling industry as a tool to; achieve procedural adherence, optimize performance and increase consistency. To capitalize its full benefits a systematic approach was taken to optimize the drilling parameters from well to well, assuring the correct execution of all lessons learned and best practices within the Drilling Automation System (DAS). This abstract will; introduce the workflow that has been implemented in an Integrated Project, a glance of the final objective of this implementation and the role of drilling automation in the continuous improvement in an already optimized drilling operation.
New Concept of Adding Inflow Points Across ICDs in Horizontal Wells to Improve Oil Production Performance
Authors: Al Sulaiman Ahmed , Jacob Suresh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper details a new rigless technique combining water shut-off operation and adding more inflow ports (perfs) in horizontal oil wells completed with inflow control devices (ICDs). The water production is reduced by mechanical isolation of the ICDs producing high water, while well productivity after water shut-off is enhanced by adding ports across dry oil (0% water cut) and/or excellent oil potential compartments. The paper provides workflow for identifying water shut-off compartments and methods to create new ports. Electric-line conveyed tubing sidewall milling tool was found the safe-solution to add ports along non-cemented blank pipe of the ICD completion.
Once an ICD well is identified for a water shut-off, production logging is conducted to identify the production phase and water cut across all ICDs compartments. Well modeling using PLT log results is constructed to evaluate shutting off the identified high water cut compartments as well as evaluate oil production by the remaining ICDs and gains by adding ports. Depending on water entries locations, water shut-off in ICD wells can be performed using bridge plugs or expandable clads. As the well productivity is reduced by isolating some compartments for water shut-off, adding ports in the remaining compartments releases ICD flow restrictions and enhance the productivity. These ports are orders of magnitude bigger than the ICDs and allow unrestricted flow from the excellent oil potential compartments.
This integrated process was successfully implemented in two horizontal oil wells with ICDs. Same intervention operations were conducted for both wells, watered out compartments were isolated and new ports were machined along compartments identified for excellent oil potential. The water cut has dropped by (27-36%) with sustained oil gains more than twice compared to pre-job performance. Such rigless combined operations are proven to be an effective solution to improve well performance at least cost. Setting plug minimizes water production, while adding inflow ports increase oil production rate.
A review of the published literature indicates that this is the first instance of this integrated solution. While there are several papers about the benefits of ICDs, there are no papers covering the processes presented in this paper. The processes and methods presented could be a reference for rigless well intervention for ICD wells to reduce water production while increasing oil production rate.
Critical Success Factors in Brownfield Construction Project
Authors: Ahmad Shatiry M. Sahir , Husni Zul Hazran 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A minimal number of studies have explored developing the critical success factors (CSFs) in a brownfield construction project in Malaysia. This study intends to understand the CSFs perceived from the construction practitioners, identify all the CSFs in brownfield construction projects, and establish the top five (5) most influential CSFs for a brownfield construction project. Brownfield project refers to a project that performs construction, modification, and rejuvenation work on the existing oil and gas platform and ongoing operations with intentions for major or minor expansion, debottlenecking, or rejuvenations in a live plant, to tie-ins of a new element. In the volatile oil and gas market prices, the O&G companies are preferable to perform redevelopment of existing fields that the underlying basis is lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) compare to greenfield projects and provide the higher return of investment (ROI). In this study, the literature review was performed, conducted a semi-structured interview, and distributed surveys to respondents from various oil and gas companies in Malaysia. From the questionnaires survey conducted, a correlation will be tested study on to tabulate the critical success factors for a brownfield construction project. Furthermore, the results from the questionnaires will be analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII), then to define and to develop the top five (5) most influential CSFs in a brownfield construction project. The discussion further suggested that the management strategy can be taken to manage all the identified CSFs from the surveyed and analyzed.
Effect of Dynamic Water on Oil Recovery and Relative Permeability of Siliceous Carbonates Outcrops
Authors: AlZoukani Ahmad , Al Hamad Mohammed , Abdallah Wael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In reservoir simulation, one specific input requirement is relative permeability. With the current increasing interest to use brine with modified composition (also known as dynamic water) for enhanced oil recovery, our models lack such information. Therefore, our study aims to establish relative permeability curves for multiple dynamic water injection scenarios, which should help establish better reservoir models to simulate production. Two outcrop samples which similarities after being assessed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thin-section microscopy in addition to petrophysical characterization. The rock samples were initially saturated with 200 kppm NaCl brine and then desaturated using crude oil by a centrifuge to irreducible water saturation. This was followed by 15 days aging at 90 degC under confining pressure. Unsteady-state relative permeability was then conducted and the efficiency of different dynamic waters, i.e., Arabian Gulf seawater and a diluted version of it, were investigated. In addition, the potential determining ions (i.e., sulfate (SO42-) and magnesium (Mg2+) were investigated. From the reported results, and among all tested brines, diluted seawater and diluted seawater with double sulfate ions showed the highest oil recovery. Relative permeability curves reflected wettability alteration and sensitivity to a change in salinity and ionic composition. The oil relative permeability (Kro) was more sensitive and increases, while water relative permeability (Krw) was less sensitive and slightly decreases with dilution of solutions. Cross-over water saturation point showed a mixed-wet to weak water-wet conditions with values close to or slightly higher than 50%. The results of this work show the potential of dynamic water in enhancing oil recovery. The generated relative permeability curves can be utilized for reservoir simulators to evaluate the potential of dynamic water at a reservoir scale, as such data availability is limited in the current open literature.
Investigation of the effects of orthodontic brackets coated by silver hydroxyapatite, copper oxide, and titanium oxide nanoparticles on wire-bracket friction
Authors: Ameli Nazila , Ghorbani Raheb , Asadi Sanaz , Zarrinzade Zahra 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
Coating orthodontic brackets with metal nanoparticles seem to affect surface roughness and friction. We aim to compare the effects of coating brackets with copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver hydroxyapatite (S-HAP) on friction between brackets and various sizes and materials of orthodontic wires.

Material and Methods:
In this experimental study, we selected four groups of stainless steel (SS) brackets with eight orthodontic wires (SS and nickel-titanium [Niti]) in different sizes. Three groups were coated with CuO, TiO2, and S-HAP nanoparticles using dip coating. Then, we attached a 100 g weight to the wires and hung it from the universal testing machine. The wire passed through the brackets at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for 25 s. Finally, the friction between wires and brackets was compared using a two-way analysis of variance.

Results:
The results showed that friction of brackets coated with TiO2 was significantly lower than S-HAP (P = 0.021) and did not differ significantly between CuO and the control (P = 1). Furthermore, friction between CuO brackets was not significantly different from other groups (P > 0.05). Niti round wires had significantly lower friction with all brackets compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch Niti wire (p< 0.05), which, in turn, showed significantly lower friction compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch stainless steel (SS) wire (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Coating brackets with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles can reduce the friction Moreover, Niti round wires show the least friction compared to rectangular or SS wires with all types of brackets.
Structural organization of the geological environmentof the West Kuban trough
Authors: Казанкова Э.Р. , Корнилова Н.В. 
Published: February 2022

Геологическая среда иерархически устроена и пространственно структурирована. Существует известная структурная разобщенность в распространении коллекторов и флюидоупоров, обусловленная различной энергетической активностью их формирования. Установлено напряженно-деформированное состояние геолого-геофизической среды Западно-Кубанского прогиба. Проведено структурирование геологической среды Анастасиевско-Краснодарской антиклинальной зоны.
The geological environment is hierarchically arranged and spatially structured. There is a well-known structural disunity in the distribution of reservoirs and fluidoupors, due to different energy activity of their formation. The stress-strain state of the geological and geophysical environment of the West Kuban trough is established. The geological environment of the Anastasievsko-Krasnodar anticline zone was structured.