bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Ketoenamine‐linked covalent organic framework absorbent for online micro‐solid phase extraction of trace levels bisphenols in plastic samples
Authors: Zhang Chengjiang , Yuan Hongmei , Lu Zeyi , Li Yuhuang , Zhao Lirong , Zhang Zhuomin , Li Gongke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks with tunable porous crystallinity and outstanding stability have exhibited fascinating pretreatment performance as ideal extraction media. Herein, the β‐ketoenamine‐linked TpPa‐1 synthesized by 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol and paraphenylenediamine was employed as the absorbent for online micro‐solid phase extraction of trace bisphenols combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography detection. A series of characterizations indicated that the TpPa‐1 possessed large surface areas, high stability, and hydrophobicity. The main experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized in detail. Compared with four commercial sorbents, the TpPa‐1 exhibited superior enrichment capacity for extracting bisphenols. Under the optimum conditions, the established method demonstrated a wide linear range and high sensitivity with the limit of detection ranging from 0.05–0.06 μg/L. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to determine bisphenols in plastic samples. Bisphenol A was actually detected in a transparent box with a concentration of 0.31 μg/g, and the recoveries of the four bisphenols in the plastic samples were 80.5–116% with the relative standard deviation less than 9.2%. Such performance was attributed to recognition affinity, including the π‐π affinity, hydrophobic effect, and hydrogen bond. These results demonstrated that TpPa‐1 possessed great potential to be an excellent pretreatment medium for online separation and analysis of trace analytes in complex samples.
Variation in Fetal Weight Percentile Estimates
Authors: Khatri Garvit D. , Richardson Michael L. , Dighe Manjiri , Dubinsky Theodore J. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesWeight percentiles are generally reported without any indication of error. This variation can lead a fetus being mistakenly classified erroneously as having intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or macrosomia. The goal of this study was to compare estimated weight percentiles with the actual observed weight percentile for each gestational age in a large cohort of fetuses being scanned in our institution.MethodsAfter IRB approval the radiology information system data base was retrospectively searched for all obstetrical US reports obtained during the late second and third trimesters from July 1, 2014, until July 1, 2020. Demographic information, fetal weight, and weight percentile information were obtained from these reports. Quantile‐quantile plots were created for all gestational ages and all ethnicities.ResultsOur study included 6259 ultrasounds in 4060 patients. Mean maternal age of the total group was 31.68 years (ranging 15–53 years). When all subjects were considered, the median values in our QQ plots approximated the line of identity. However, there was considerable variation for a given estimate, implying that estimated fetal weight percentiles are only very rough predictors of the actual percentile.ConclusionEstimated fetal weight percentiles are only very rough predictors of the actual percentile. We therefore suggest that estimates of the weight percentile should be reported along with an estimate of the expected variation. Recognition of variations in weight percentile should be considered in the greater clinical context, and could potentially prevent misdiagnosis of growth restriction and macrosomia as well as the subsequent overutilization of resources, unnecessary interventions, and maternal stress.
Standardizing the clinical and dermatoscopic exam for patients with afro‐textured hair and scarring alopecia: A scoping review and clinical guide
Authors: Adotama Prince , Shapiro Jerry , Lo Sicco Kristen , London Ashley O. , Ederaine Sophia A. , Rotemberg Veronica , Mayo Tiffany 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlopecia is one of the most common reasons for a dermatology visit among Black patients. Patients with concomitant afro‐textured hair and scarring alopecias are often subjected to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Race‐discordant physicians may find the examination of scarring alopecias in ethnic hair to be daunting. Herein we present a standardized approach to evaluating the hair and scalp in afro‐textured alopecia patients in the hopes of providing a framework and guide for the proper clinical assessment of these patients. This guide focuses on common scarring alopecias specific to this ethnic population including traction alopecia, central centrifugal alopecia, frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris.
2.45 GHz natural polymer‐based flexible bandpass filter exploiting laser structuring
Authors: Sid Abdelghafour , Cresson Pierre‐Yves , Joly Nicolas , Braud Flavie , Genestie Benoit , Lasri Tuami 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents the realization of a bandpass filter on a flexible biopolymer substrate with a suitable fabrication process. We used copper adhesive tape and laser structuring to fabricate the filter based on a quasi‐lumped microstrip structure. The filter characteristics are a central frequency of 2.45 GHz, a bandwidth of 20%, and insertion loss of 1.2 dB. It is demonstrated that the filter's performance remains almost constant under different bending, folding, and rolling conditions. The results show that the proposed bio‐sourced polymer is a good candidate for flexible green electronics and wearable applications.
Technical note: Determining the applicability of a clinical knowledge‐based learning model via prospective outlier detection
Authors: Zhang Jiahan , Sheng Yang , Wolf Jonathan , Kayode Oluwatosin , Bradley Jeffrey , Ge Yaorong , Wu Q Jackie , Yang Xiaofeng , Liu Tian , Roper Justin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge‐based planning (KBP) is increasingly implemented clinically because of its demonstrated ability to improve treatment planning efficiency and reduce plan quality variations. However, cases with large dose‐volume histogram (DVH) prediction uncertainties may still need manual adjustments by the planner to achieve high plan quality.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a data‐driven method to detect patients with high prediction uncertainties so that intentional effort is directed to these patients.MethodsWe apply an anomaly detection method known as the local outlier factor (LOF) to a dataset consisting of the training set and each of the prospective patients considered, to evaluate their likelihood of being an anomaly when compared with the training cases. Features used in the LOF analysis include anatomical features and the model‐generated DVH principal component scores. To test the efficacy of the proposed model, 142 prostate patients were retrieved from the clinical database and split into a training dataset of 100 patients and a test dataset of 42 patients. The outlier identification performance was quantified by the difference between the DVH prediction root‐mean‐squared errors (RMSE) of the identified outlier cases and that of the remaining inlier cases.ResultsWith a predefined LOF threshold of 1.4, the inlier cases achieved average RMSEs of 5.0 and 6.7 for bladder and rectum, while the outlier cases have substantially higher RMSEs of 6.7 and 13.0 in comparison.ConclusionsWe propose a method that can determine the prospective patient's outlier status. This method can be integrated into existing automated treatment planning workflows to reduce the risk of generating suboptimal treatment plans while providing an upfront alert to the treatment planner.
Children and adolescents’ preferences for support when living with a dying parent – An integrative review
Authors: Bergersen Emily Beatrice , Larsson Maria , Olsson Cecilia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo identify and synthesize the evidence base regarding children and adolescents’ preferences for support when living with a dying parent.DesignIntegrative literature review study.MethodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Sociological Abstracts and Scopus, between 1 October 2019 and May 2021. Data were analysed and synthesized using integrative thematic analysis according to the analysis stages specified by Whittermore and Knafl.ResultsTwenty‐two articles were identified. Children and adolescents’ preferences for support were described through one overarching theme, Striving to achieve control and balance, together with six subthemes; “Involvement in the sick parent's care and treatment”; “Wanting to be with the sick parent but needing respite”; “Information must be continuous and individually adapted”; “emotional and communicative support from parents and family members”; “professional, compassionate and informative support”; and “support in friendships and opportunities to maintain normality.”
Specifying subsistence strategies of early farmers: New results from compound‐specific isotopic analysis of amino acids
Authors: Rey Léonie , Naito Yuichi I. , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Rottier Stéphane , Goude Gwenaëlle , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the contribution of fish to the human diet is an important debate in past population studies as it implies specific organization (e.g., adapted techniques and gender‐based activities) and relationship with the local or sublocal environments (e.g., mobility and seasonal‐based exploitation). In the Paris Basin, the role of fish has been discussed mainly from rare but obvious archaeological remains such as fish bones or hooks. Previous isotopic data from Neolithic human bone bulk collagen highlighted the potential of freshwater resources in protein diet but were not able to quantify it or even confirm its role. In this study, we conducted, for the first time on early farmers from France, compound‐specific isotope analysis on bone collagen amino acids (CSIA‐AA). Results indicate a particularly high trophic level of some humans with protein intake mainly based on terrestrial animal resources (domestic cattle and pig), whereas others rather have a plant‐based diet. Freshwater resources appeared to be not significant, and several possible food combinations are discussed. Pig particularly appears more herbivorous than previously assumed and has possibly consumed manured cereals from human food waste.
Statistical design of an adaptive synthetic X¯$\bar{X}$ control chart for autocorrelated processes
Authors: Quintero‐Arteaga Carmen , Peñabaena‐Niebles Rita , Vélez Jorge I. , Jubiz‐Diaz Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to design a variable parameters synthetic control chart for first‐order AR(1) autocorrelated data following a Gaussian process. To improve the statistical performance in detecting small changes and maintaining a low false alarm rate, the variable parameters control chart was combined with the Conforming Run Length (CRL) sub‐chart to determine when to implement tight or relaxed control and intervene to identify an assignable cause. The statistical design of the proposed chart was performed under a discrete‐time Markov chain approach and a non‐linear programming mathematical model to obtain, using a genetic algorithm (GA), the values of the design parameters that minimise the average time to signal the out‐of‐control state (). A sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the behaviour of the in the face on changes in the parameters. Also, a performance evaluation was conducted to compare the proposed chart with other adaptive synthetic charts, the synthetic control chart and the chart developed by Costa and Machado. Our results indicate that this proposal is faster to detect small changes in the process mean considering the autocorrelation of the data.
Fatal disseminated mucormycosis associated with COVID‐19
Authors: Horiguchi Tomoya , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Toyama Yoko , Sasaki Toshiharu , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Sakurai Aki , Kuriyama Naohide , Komatsu Satoshi , Shigeyasu Yoshiko , Ina Takuma , Sakurai Eiko , Nakajima Noriko , Tsuchimori Arisa , Yamada Seiji , Suzuki Tadaki , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSecondary fungal infections are a critical problem that accompany immunosuppressive therapy for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We report a fatal case of COVID‐19 with disseminated mucormycosis diagnosed during autopsy. A 58‐year‐old man with diabetes was hospitalized for severe COVID‐19 and treated with remdesivir, systemic steroids and tocilizumab. Following treatment, he was provided extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. However, he died of multiple organ failure accompanied by pulmonary and kidney infarction, as revealed by computed tomography. Autopsy revealed that the infarction was caused by thromboangiitis due to mucormycosis in the brain, lungs, heart, liver and kidneys. Therefore, the diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis was established. Disseminated mucormycosis is a rare complication of COVID‐19. Although its early diagnosis is difficult, the disease progresses rapidly. Hence, we propose that immunosuppressive treatment for COVID‐19 should be administered with caution considering the risk of developing severe opportunistic infections, such as mucormycosis.
Response of arid‐land macroinvertebrate communities to extremes of drought, wildfire, and monsoonal flooding
Authors: Webster Jordan S. , Gido Keith B. , Hedden Skyler C. , Propst David L. , Whitney James E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObserving spatial and temporal variation in aquatic communities provides insight into factors driving community structure. These observations are particularly important as ecosystems are being challenged by new extremes associated with a changing climate. However, since the timing of disturbances is unpredictable, capturing their effects is difficult, unless a study is already gathering data prior to and after these events. During a 2008–2016 study on the spatial and temporal variation of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in the Gila River of New Mexico, a severe drought from 2011 to 2013, two mega‐wildfires in 2011 and 2012, and the third‐largest monsoon flood on record in 2013 occurred, providing an opportunity to document how these disturbances structure macroinvertebrate communities. Taxonomic richness and biomass of many individual taxa decreased following the wildfires and the extreme flood, yet the total biomass of the macroinvertebrate community decreased only slightly. We also found an association between the response of some taxa to inter‐annual variation in hydrologic conditions and habitat use. This was evidenced by an increase in the relative biomass of taxa associated with pool habitats, such as Nematoda and Ceratopogonidae during drought years, whereas taxa from riffle habitats, such as mayfly (Leptophlebiidae) and stonefly (Perlodidae) nymphs increased in biomass in relatively wet years. Two groups of stonefly nymphs (Nemouridae and Taeniopterygidae) notably increased following the large monsoonal flooding in 2013. Collectively, the observed responses of macroinvertebrates to extreme hydrologic, wildfire and climate disturbances suggest that increasing frequency of disturbance might result in directional changes in the macroinvertebrate communities due to taxa‐specific responses to those events.
Dumbbell Plate‐Shaped AIEgen‐Based Luminescent MOF with High Quantum Yield as Self‐Enhanced ECL Tags: Mechanism Insights and Biosensing Application
Authors: Li Jingshuai , Jia Hongying , Ren Xiang , Li Yuyang , Liu Lei , Feng Ruiqing , Ma Hongmin , Wei Qin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is widely known that high‐performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters play a crucial part in improving the detection sensitivity of the ECL strategy. Through the combination of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), 1,1,2,2‐tetra(4‐carboxylbiphenyl)ethylene (H4TCBPE) with Zr(IV) cations, a dumbbell plate‐shaped metal−organic framework (MOF) with high luminous efficiency is synthesized as ECL tags. The resultant MOF exhibits stronger ECL activity than those of H4TCBPE monomers and aggregates. Herein, this phenomenon is defined as the coordination‐triggered electrochemiluminescence (CT‐ECL) enhancement effect. Furthermore, the nearly matched ECL and photoluminescence (PL) spectra imply the bandgap emission mechanism. Remarkably, polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the coreactant is covalently connected with MOF to form the uniquely self‐enhanced ECL complex of Zr‐TCBPE‐PEI, where the robust ECL signal is captured owing to the intramolecular‐like coreaction acceleration. Based on the resonance energy transfer (RET) behavior, the AuPd@SiO2 composite is designed as the high‐efficiency quencher. In this manner, an innovative and ultrasensitive ECL sensor is constructed for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) detection through sandwich‐type immunoreaction, with the detection limit down to 52 fg ml−1. The present study has gone some way toward designing MOF‐based self‐luminescent ECL materials, thus paving a new avenue to expand the late‐model ECL emitters for immunoassay.
Current evolutions, applications, and challenges of phosphatidylethanol analysis for clinical and forensic purposes
Authors: Luginbühl Marc , Van Uytfanghe Katleen , Stöth Frederike , Wurst Friedrich M. , Stove Christophe P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphatidylethanols (PEth) are a group of abnormal phospholipids which are formed within the human body in the presence of ethanol. As PEth accumulates in red blood cells, which prolongs its detectability, it became popular as a direct alcohol biomarker. When alcohol is consumed regularly, PEth concentrations in the human blood reach an equilibrium (plateau) between formation and degradation which is representative of drinking habits. A wide range of applications has been demonstrated for PEth, whereby in most studies it could provide advancements regarding accuracy and precision when compared to already established alcohol biomarkers (carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, and ethyl glucuronide). Although PEth has been the focus of many research projects all around the world, the final breakthrough from the research laboratory into the clinical mass market is still ongoing. In this overview article, we discuss the evolution of PEth analysis, its applications, and the associated challenges. The main reasons that hinder the use of PEth in the mass market were identified as (a) the lack of implementing a uniform reference measurement system, which should ensure that every single PEth result is comparable and/or (b) ensuring good laboratory practice dedicated to PEth analysis, which should guarantee that every result obtained by an individual laboratory is correct. These challenges regarding PEth analytics must be carefully addressed in the near future before the implementation of common cut‐off values and international guidelines can take place.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Alcohol
Toxicology > Analytical Toxicology
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
Compactness of brane moduli and the String Lamppost Principle in d > 6
Authors: Bedroya Alek , Hamada Yuta , Montero Miguel , Vafa Cumrun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the validity of the String Lamppost Principle — that all consistent theories of quantum gravity are in the String Landscape — for supersymmetric theories in d > 6 using compactness and connectedness of the moduli space of small instantons, as well as the classification of the associated Coulomb branch.
Self-reported medication adherence and pharmacy refill adherence among persons with ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Norberg Helena , Sjölander Maria , Glader Eva-Lotta , Gustafsson Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To describe and compare self-reported medication adherence assessed with the 5-item version of Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) and pharmacy refill adherence based on data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) among persons with ischemic stroke, and to investigate independent predictors associated with respective assessments.

Methods
A study questionnaire was sent to persons with ischemic stroke registered in the Swedish Stroke Register between Dec 2011 and March 2012, and who lived at home 3 months after discharge. The primary outcome was dichotomized to adherent/non-adherent based on MARS-5 and SPDR and analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Adherence according to MARS-5 was defined as score 23 or higher (out of 25). Adherence according to SPDR was defined as at least one filled statin prescription recorded in SPDR in each 6-month interval during 2 years of follow-up.

Results
Of 420 participants, 367 (87%) and 329 (78%) were adherent according to MARS-5 and SPDR, respectively, and 294 (70%) participants were adherent according to both assessments. A significant association was shown between medication adherence according to the two assessments (p = 0.020). Independent predictors associated with medication adherence according to MARS-5 were female sex, while factors associated with SPDR were male sex and being younger.

Conclusions
The majority of participants were classified as adherent, 87% according to MARS-5 and 78% based on data from SPDR. However, only 70% were adherent according to both MARS-5 and SPDR, and different predictors were associated with the different measurements, suggesting that these assessments are measuring different aspects of adherence.
Surgical Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Risk Factors for Out‐of‐Pocket Expenditure at a South African Public Sector Hospital
Authors: Naidu P. , Ataguba J. E. , Shrime M. , Alkire B. C. , Chu K. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, 3.7 billion people risk financial catastrophe if they require surgery, mostly affecting the poorest populations. Surgical care associated with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) has not been well‐described in the South African context. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the proportion of surgical patients at a South African hospital who experienced CHE and impoverishing health expenditure (IHE); and (2) the risk factors for out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective questionnaire was administered to participants admitted for a surgical procedure at New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town. CHE was defined in three ways: (1) 40% or more of capacity‐to‐pay, (2) 25% of annual household expenditure, or (3) 10% of annual household expenditure. IHE was described as the number of participants who experienced new or worsening impoverishment after surgery.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐four participants were interviewed, and 263 were included in the analysis (4% attrition rate). Two (0.8%) participants experienced CHE. 98.5% of participants spent less than 10% of their annual household expenditure and 43 participants (16.7%) experienced IHE. Risk factors for OOP expenditure were cancer diagnosis (p = 0.0386), an elective procedure (p = 0.0001), and having a limited health insurance plan (p = 0.0492).DiscussionMost participants undergoing a surgical procedure did not experience CHE. Participants were relatively protected from financial catastrophe owing to subsidized user fees and the provision of transport. However, 17% of patients experienced IHE, suggesting even small payments resulted in impoverishment. Ensuring low financial vulnerabilities around surgical care is an important consideration for national surgical planning in South Africa.