bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El estudio de la historia y la formación del ciudadano. Las Reflexiones sobre la historia universal de Jacob Burckhardt
Authors: Sanz Burgos Raúl 
Published: March 2022

Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897) fue testigo de las grandes transformaciones de su siglo, desde el resquebrajamiento de la Restauración al apogeo del imperialismo, pasando por la revolución de 1848, los movimientos nacionalistas, la construcción del imperio alemán con Prusia a la cabeza, el auge del movimiento obrero, etc. Su vida intelectual se formó inicialmente en torno a los planteamientos del idealismo de la época de Goethe, que, a raíz de sus años de estudio en la Universidad de Berlín (1839-1843), sufrieron una amalgama con el historicismo de sus maestros, sobre todo de Ranke. Con el tiempo abandonó el historicismo rankeano, con su énfasis en las ideas de los pueblos y los Estados, para contemplar lahistoria como lugar de expresión de la autodeterminación humana (humanitas).Profesor en la Universidad de Basilea desde 1843, sus obras, aunque discutidas, no han dejado de reeditarse. Las páginas siguientes están dedicadas a sus lecciones Sobre el estudio de la historia, dictadas tres veces en la Universidadentre 1868 y 1873; su sobrino Jacob Oeri organizó las notas de estos cursos y las publicó como libro en 1905 bajo el título Weltgeschichtliche Betrachtungen.En 1982 fue publicada una edición crítica de los manuscritos.
Burckhardt reconoce como características singulares de su época la rápida transformación del mundo y la consideración del presente como tiempo histórico. La conciencia de la historicidad del presente tiene para él distintoshitos, entre los que no duda en destacar a la revolución francesa, que hizo visible el carácter mudable de la realidad e impuso un corte evidente para todos entre el pasado y el futuro al sustituir una gran monarquía asentada en la tradición y el derecho divino de los reyes por una nueva forma de justificar el ejercicio del poder, basada en la razón.
The Glanton Gang's Michel Foucault
Authors: Schill Brian James 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Overlaying Michel Foucault's early “archaeological” works—The Order of Things, The Archaeology of Knowledge—with Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian reveals remarkable similarities between not only Foucault and the historical and fictional versions of Judge Holden, but McCarthy and Foucault as historiographers of the West's senescence. Building on Michael Lynn Crews's demonstration that McCarthy was reading Foucault during the drafting of his “western,” this article posits that McCarthy was also grappling with Foucault's justification and expansion of the neoliberal economics that was then emerging in the West, in the United States in particular, by embedding Foucault's thought (and in some ways the thinker himself) in his novel in a critical way. In so doing, McCarthy one-upped the philosopher, showing readers how Foucault's late economics were problematic both on their own terms and likely contributed to the very “End of Man” that Foucault seemed to be anticipating with glee and that made its way into several of McCarthy's late novels.
Covid-19 Salgını Sürecinde Hemşirelerin Algılanan Stres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Sosyal Ağ Tabanlı Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma
Authors: FİDAN Gürcühan , ÇALIŞKAN Deniz 
Published: March 2022

Öz
Amaç: COVID-19 tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almış bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Salgının iyileştirilmesi ve kontrolünde hemşirelerin iş gücü büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Çalışmada amaç hemşirelerin algılanan stres düzeyini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan çalışma 01-31 Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında 240 hemşire üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama formu ‘Kişisel Bilgi Formu’ ve ‘Algılanan Stres Ölçeği’ olmak üzere iki formu içermektedir. Tanımlayıcı verilerin ve ölçekten elde edilen puanların analizinde ANOVA ile değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede p
Analisis Pebandingan Retur, Volume Perdagangan Saham dan Pengumuman Dividen pada Kinerja Perusahaan Indeks Saham LQ-45 pada tahun 2017
Authors: Iskandar Erwan 
Published: March 2022

Dividen merupakan salah satu bentuk informasi publik dalam pasar
modal yang dianggap sebagai suatu signal dari perusahaan untuk menunjukkan kinerja dan prospek perusahaan di masa depan karena dividen merupakan salah satu informasi yang dapat mempengaruhi harga saham. Di Indonesia sejumlah perusahaan yang telah go public pembayaran dividen, merupakan cara klasik memberikan imbalan dalam bentuk pemberian aset keuangan (financial asset) perusahaan kepada para pemegang saham. Seperti halnya pengumuman dividen yang dilakukan oleh emiten yang tergabung dalam kinerja perusahaan indeks saham LQ-45. Dari pengumuman dividen tersebut melatar belakangi penelitian ini untuk menguji kandungan informasi dari pengumuman dividen.Adapun fokus penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui perbandingan yang signifikan pada return saham sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman dividen. Untuk mengetahui perbandingan yang signifikan pada volume perdagangan saham sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman dividen. Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampel, dan menggunakan indikator Return dan Volume Perdagangan Saham, serta melalui uji paired sample T-test yang dibantu sistem komputerisasi program SPSS Versi 11.5 for windows. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada return dan aktivitas volume perdagangan saham sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman dividen. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengumuman dividen tidak mempunyai kandungan informasi yang mengakibatkan pasar tidak bereaksi terhadap pengumuman dividen tersebut.
PENGARUH PENGAWASAN DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS IRIGASI MUSI RAWAS DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM PENGAIRAN KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: Irawan Purna 
Published: March 2022

Pengaruh Pengawasan dan Komunikasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Unit Pelaksana Teknis Irigasi Musi Rawas Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Pengairan Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya Pengaruh Pengawasan dan Komunikasi secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Adapun Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 149 orang pegawai dan banyaknya jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 37 orang pegawai. Adapun teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik sampling Purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner (angket) yang akan diuji cobakan terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan uji validitas dan uji reliabelitas. Teknik analisis data ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik ( uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas,uji autokorelasi dan uji liniearitas), regresi linear berganda, koefisien korelasi,dan uji F. Dimana peneliti ini menggunakan bantuan program SPSS versi 20.
Hasil dari analisis regresiini akan memperoleh persamaan: Y =-1,214 + 0,561X1 + 0,681X2, yang artinya kinerja pegawai berpengaruh terhadap Pengawasan dan Komunikasi pegawai. Hasil dari analisis regresi ini akan mendapatkan nilai koefisien korelasi (R = 0,896) atau sebesar (89,6%) dan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2=0,803) atau sebesar (80,3%). Hasil ini berarti (80,3%) variabel kinerja pegawai ini akan dipengaruhi oleh variabel Pengawasan dan Komunikasi. Hasil akhirnya sebesar (19,7%) digambarkan oleh variabel lain, seperti pendidikan, pelatihan, pengalaman kerja, kepemimpinan, komunikasidan disiplin kerja. Kesimpulannya adalah: Pengawasan dan Komunikasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Kantor Unit Pelaksana Teknis Irigasi Musi Rawas Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Pengairan Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Dari hasil ini membuktikan hasil uji F yang diperoleh dari Fhitungsebesar 69,504 dapat diterima hasil yang signifikansi sebesar 5%.
Konsep Nasionalisme M. Quraish Shihab Dalam Tafsir Al-Mishbah
Authors: Mukmin Agus 
Published: March 2022

Indonesia merupakan Negara besar yang majemuk baik suku, agama, ras, bahasa maupun budaya. Sehingga sangat rentan terhadap konflik dan perpecahan yang mengancam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Menurut penulis ada dua faktor yang dapat membahayakan sikap nasionalisme masyarakat Indonesia. Pertama factor internal, diantara contohnya adalah banyaknya kelompok separatis yang berusaha untuk memisahkan dari wilayah NKRI dan adanya aliran atau pemahamn yang tidak sepakat dan ingin merubah ideology Negara. Kedua, factor Eksternal, yakni perubahan tatanan dunia melalui arus globalisasi yang begitu pesat saat ini.
Agama Islam adalah agama yang ka<mil yang mengajarkan kepada umat manusia berbagai macam aspek kehidupan. Oleh karenanya, Islam tidak hanya mengajarkan pokok-pokok moral saja, tetapi juga mengajarkan masalah-masalah yang rinci tentang bagaimana manusia harus bertindak, baik dalam konteks hubungannya dengan Tuhan maupun dengan sesama, termasuk di dalamnya tata cara mengatur kehidupan masyarakat dalam sebuah negara.
Berangkat dari pernyataan ini, penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian terhadap konsep nasionalisme M. Quraish Shihab dalam tafsirnya al-Mishbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksploitasi penafsiran M. Quraish Shihab tentang ayat-ayat yang memiliki spirit kebangsaan dan nasionalisme yang terdapat dalam tafsirnya. Pemilihan karya tafsir tersebut dikarenakan al-Mishbah merupakan sebuah tafsir yang popular dan banyak menjadi rujukan bagi masyarakat di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode tafsir maudu’i (tematik) dengan pendekatan historis-sosiologis. Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa pertama, konsep-konsep nasionalisme M.Quraish Shihab meliputi, mencintai negara, kesadaran adanya otoritas kepemimpinan, persatuan bangsa, menjaga stabilitas keamanan Negara, syuro, adanya kerjasama yang baik antara pemerintah dengan rakyatnya, menghargai dan menghormati perbedaan, dan adanya hukuman bagi perusuh dan pengacau negara.
Performance Optimization of Sorting Algorithm using Processor Affinity in Java
Authors: Rabiu Abbas  Muhammad , Garba Etemi Josua , Baha Benson Yusuf , Malgwi Yusuf Musa , Dauda Mu’azu 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The processor affinity library in Java can switch ON all the processing cores available in a multi-processing environment. Using this feature will enable concurrent programmers to fully utilize the benefits of processing power available in multi-core processors. Therefore, this study aims to use processor affinity to develop four different frameworks that could optimize the efficiency of quick sorting algorithms on multi-core platforms.
Methods:
Benchmarking is the method used to carry out all the experiments and test the developed algorithm's efficiencies using all four frameworks. An Octa-core machine with eight (8) processing cores was used to develop and run the algorithms to measure their running times and compare their performances. JDK 12.0 is the version of Java used for development. An array data structure containing One Million Elements (1,000,000) was used as the preferred data structure.
Results:
The results obtained show that processor affinity can improve the performance of quick sorting algorithms by ensuring no processing core is idled during the computation of results. The results also show that processor affinity and Work-Stealing-Action perform similar functions by ensuring that available cores in a machine are fully utilized to handle tasks and improve performance. It was further found that the algorithm developed using the Executor Services framework outperformed all the three other frameworks implemented using Naïve, Fork-Join, and Sequential implementations.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that processor affinity improves the performances of all the four different implementations of quick sorts. It was also concluded that in the fork-join framework, Work-Stealing-Action performed by the worker-threads has an effect similar to that of affinity by ensuring that all the processing cores are fully utilized to improve performance. Further investigations can be carried out using machines with more processing cores in their CPU using a different data structure such as a Link List Array of the same or different data size to see whether the same or different conclusions can be drawn.
عہد نبوی میں ریاست مدینہ کا شہری نظم و نسق اور عصر حاضر میں اس کی معنویت
Authors: Muhammad Yaqoob Gondal  , Dr. Muhammad Shahid  
Published: March 2022

The establishment of a state is essential to unite society. The study of Islamic history tells us that the foundations of the Prophetic state of Madinah were very enduring. So, we can say that a state which will be established in modern times must adhere to the principles of that prophetic state. This article explains the principles and structure of the prophetic state of Madinah. It urges us to establish states similar to that state. The principles of Madinah state were important and its civic administration structure was very ideal. This state promoted the prosperity, education, peace, and health of the public. That is why an educated, peaceful, healthy, and sincere society was formed under the patronage of the Madinah state.
Continentality trends over India and the neighbourhood
Authors: SUBRAHMANYAM V. P. 
Published: March 2022

The paper is an extension of another article published by the author earlier. The purpose of the work presented herein is to emphasize the role of thermal continentalities in the study of general climatology. The parameter chosen for the analytical study is K* defined (previously) as the ratio of actual to expected summer concentrations of thermal efficiency, a concept first recognized by Thornthwaite.

Making use of the values of K* for about 250 stations in and around India, computed as explained in the previous paper, an iso-continental map was prepared and presented. The outstanding feature of the map is the division of the country into two major (the super and the sub-continental) zones of different continentality characteristics, the demarcating line being the isopleth of K*= 100 per cent. Comparison of this map with other climatic maps shows striking similarities to the moisture rather than the thermal indices, lending support to the view that the continentality traits of a region are determined essentially by its moisture regime.

The altitudinal variation of K* in the two zones referred above show certain highly interesting features. Levels of normal continentality, continentality reversal and continentality invariance are identified and it is felt that further extension of the work on a quantitative basis may reveal other features of great significance to the physical climatology of India and the neighbourhood.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CYC
Authors: Beenish Zahra  
Published: March 2022

Since 1984, it is enormous work going on for the accomplishing of the project Cyc (‗Saik‘). This work is based on knowledge of ―Artificial Intelligence‖ which is developed by the Cycorpcompany and by Douglas Lenat at MCC. It‘s a Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) part for so long. The dominant aim of Cycorp to develop this system is to just clarify anything in semantical determination rather than syntactically determination of words commands by the machine in which Cyc is installed to do some job. The other objective was in the building of Cyc is to codify, in a form which is usable by the machine, where knowledge‘s millions piece that composes common sense of a normal human or the common sense made in the human brain. Cyc presents a proprietary schema of knowledge representation that utilized first-order relationships. The relationships that presents between first-order logic (FOL) and first-order theory (FOT). After a long time, in1986, Cyc’s developer (Douglas Lenat) estimate that the total effort required to complete Cyc project would be 250,000 rules and 350 man-years. In 1994, Cyc Project was the reason behind creating independency into Cycorp, in Austin, Texas. As it is a common phrase that "Every tree is a plant" and "Plants die eventually" so that why by the mean of this some knowledge representing pieces which are in the database are like trees and plants like structures. The engine is known as an inference engine, able to draw the obvious results and answer the questions correctly on asking that whether trees die. The Knowledge Base (KB) system, which is included in Cyc, contains more than one million humans like assertions, rules or commonsense ideas. These ideas, rules, and human-defined assertions are describing or formatted in the language known as CycL. They are based on the predication of calculus and many otherhuman-based sciences, which has syntax similar to that of the language ―LISP‖. Though some extend the work on the Cyc project continues as a ―Knowledge Engineering‖, which represents some facts about the world, and implementing effective mechanisms which are derived after reaching the basic level conclusion on that knowledge. As Cyc include the firstorder logic and first order theory, which exist in some relationship; so it definitely uses and handle some other branches for human-interaction like mathematics, philosophy, and linguistics. However, increasingly, the other aim of Cycorp while developing Cyc is involvingan ability, which is given to the Cyc system that it can communicate with end users, by use of CycL, processing of natural language, and can assist with the knowledge formation process through the machine learning.
Predicting mental motivation in terms of some artistic gymnastics skills for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Authors: M. Ula Salam Ghazi  , Dr. Huda Abdul-sameea  
Published: March 2022

The importance of the research lies in trying to identify these variables and to know the relationship between mental motivation and the performance of some artistic gymnastics skills for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The problem of the research is that learning skills in any game or activity does not depend only on the physical and technical side, but the psychological aspect has a great role. In her learning, and with this, the researchers noticed that the educational process depends mainly on physical, technical and psychological interdependence, and through the researchers' experience of being specialized in and informing her of these lessons, they found that the psychological aspect is not included in the educational units used in the curriculum for most of the professor in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq Which reflects negatively on the preparation of students from the psychological side, especially in the variable of mental motivation that must be characterized by each student. One of the aims of the research is to identify the mental motivation and performance of some artistic gymnastics skills for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the method of survey study and correlational relations, and a community of students of the third phase in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa for the academic year 2020-2021 were identified and their number (56) students, then a sample consisting of (30) students was chosen in order to apply the scale and the tests. On them, and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, after which the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the two researchers reached conclusions, including that there is a direct relationship between mental motivation and the performance of your artistic gymnastics skills for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and the greater the mental motivation, the higher the performance of your artistic gymnastics skills For students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and based on these conclusions the two researchers made a set of recommendations, including the necessity of using and applying the mental motivation scale and performance tests of some artistic gymnastics skills for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for their benefit in assessing and preparing good students.
EFFECTS OF CARBON SOURCES, PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND INOCULUM SIZE ON Citrus suhuiensis CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE GROWTH
Authors: MOHAMAD PUAD NOOR ILLI , M. FATHIL NUR ALIA , AMID AZURA , AZMI AZLIN SUHAIDA 
Published: March 2022

Cell suspension culture of Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) was established to determine the best growth condition based on the effects of carbon source, plant growth regulators (PGRs) and inoculum size. Friable callus from the cotyledon explant was used to initiate the cell suspension cultures. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 50 g/L glucose achieved the highest cell dry weight (CDW) and µmax of 23.2 g/L and 0.47 h-1 respectively compared to glucose at 30 g/L and other carbon sources. For PGRs effects, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) gave the highest amount of CDW and µmax; 11.91 g/L and 0.32 h-1. Furthermore, the inoculum size at 10% (v/v) gave the maximum CDW and µmax of
15.45 g/L and 0.71 h-1 respectively compared to 20% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) of inoculum. The results achieved can be used for further statistical optimization of C. suhuiensis cell suspension culture growth parameters in which the interactions between those parameters can be further studied and understood.
EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF Pleurotus sajor-caju MUSHROOM
Authors: THI NGOC GIANG NGUYEN , NGUYEN MINH THUY 
Published: March 2022

Mushrooms of the Pleurotus spp. are very sensitive and the shelf-life of mushrooms is limited, that is a few days under normal or low temperatures, which is a limitation in the distribution and marketing of fresh products. To extend their shelf life, drying methods need to be applied. Total drying time decreased with increased drying temperatures (960 and 330 min of drying at 40 and 70°C, respectively). The drying curve equations is establised as y=a.exp(-kt) (R2>0.95). These equations can be applied to predict moisture reduction during drying of Pleurotus spp. at the temperature ranges studied. Besides, effect of drying methods (convection, sun and solar drying) was investigated. Results showed that the quality of sample treated with solar drying was higher than others. In the solar drying samples, the highest protein, carbohydrate, flavonoid,
b-glucan content (in dry basis) were 16.22%, 24.84% and 5.82 mg QE/gm, 0.41%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH) was 362.58 mM Fe2+/gm and 62.35%, respectively. The lighter color was obtained for the mushroom dried using a solar dryer.