bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The serological diversity of serum IgG/IgA/IgM against SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleoprotein, spike, and receptor‐binding domain and neutralizing antibodies in patients with COVID‐19 in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Yudai , Sugiyama Akira , Tanaka Toshiya , Fukui Kazushige , Taguchi Akashi , Tatsuno Kenji , Nakayama Aya , Koga Kazumasa , Kishi Yoshiro , Daming Wang , Qian Chungen , Xia Fuzhen , He Fan , Zheng Liang , Yu Yi , Wada Youichiro , Wada Yoshiaki , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Kawamura Takeshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the temporal changes of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleoprotein (N), spike 1 subunit (S1), and receptor‐binding domain (RBD), and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to understand the humoral immunity in COVID‐19 patients for developing drugs and vaccines for COVID‐19.MethodsA total of five confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Nissan Tamagawa Hospital in early August 2020 were recruited in this study. Using a fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer, we measured the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM against SARS‐CoV‐2 N, S1, and RBD and NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19 patients' sera acquired multiple times in individuals from 0 to 76 days after symptom onset.ResultsIgG levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins increased over time in all cases but IgM and IgA levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 showed different increasing trends among individuals in the early stage. In particular, we observed IgA increasing before IgG and IgM in some cases. The NAb levels were more than cut‐off value in 4/5 COVID‐19 patients some of whose antibodies against RBD did not exceed the cut‐off value in the early stage. Furthermore, NAb levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 increased and kept above cut‐off value more than around 70 days after symptom onset in all cases.ConclusionOur findings indicate COVID‐19 patients should be examined for IgG, IgA, and IgM against SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins and NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2 to analyze the diversity of patients' immune mechanisms.
The trend of top five types of poisonings in hospitalized patients based on ICD‐10 in the northeast of Iran during 2012–2018: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Banaye Yazdipour Alireza , Moshiri Mohammad , Dadpour Bita , Sarbaz Masoumeh , Heydarian Miri Hamid , Hajebi Khaniki Saeedeh , Kimiafar Khalil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPoisoning remains a major health issue in developing countries with high morbidity and mortality rates; also it is one of the most common causes of admission to hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the trend of the top five types of poisonings in hospitalized patients according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD‐10) in Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study performed from March 20, 2012, until September 22, 2018. We collected data from all patients hospitalized for poisoning admitted to the poisoning center at Imam Reza hospital in northeast Iran. ICD‐10 was adopted to categorize all types of poisonings (T36‐T65). The results obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.ResultsThirty‐four thousand eight hundred and ten cases were included. The mean age of the patients was 29.64 ± 14.69 years, of them, 50.7% were males. Benzodiazepine poisoning (T42.4) has the highest frequency among other subcategories and it was more common among females (60.5%). Opium poisoning (T40.0) has the highest mortality rate (5.4%) among other subcategories that is more common in males (72.0%). The mortality associated with narcotics was the highest frequency (2.7%). Suicide (83.6%) was the most common cause of poisoning. Most poisonings occurred in summer (27.4%).ConclusionThese findings could help health care managers and policymakers develop prevention and educational programs to reduce these poisonings and limit people's easy access to drugs and substances.
Genetic screening to avoid adverse drug reactions from medication use and approach patients' better outcomes: A lesson learn from the report of the Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital
Authors: Tunwongsa Kessada , Chonnawakul Malinee , Geratikornsupuk Nopavut , Tewthanom Karunrat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is adopted for pharmacogenetic testing and adverse drug reaction (ADR) analysis. Methods: PCR was used for testing of pharmacogenetic markers for HLA and non‐HLA polymorphism related to specific drugs.ResultsAmong 76 cases that underwent genetic screening, 7.7%, 11.1%, and 2.7% of the patients were found to be genetically positive for allopurinol, carbamazepine, and abacavir, respectively. Two cases were genetically positive for interferon, and two cases of extensive metabolizers were positive for clopidogrel. One case of a NAT2 slow acetylator for isoniazid was found. Among the 74 cases with complete outcomes, 39.2% showed improvements and 18.9% reported a deterioration. Although no serious ADR was observed, two HLA‐B*5701‐negative cases reported ADRs (2.7%). All patients positive for IL28B were improved. One patient receiving clopidogrel showed improvements, but another showed deterioration. Finally, the outcome of slow acetylation NAT2 was worse without ADR.ConclusionPCR‐based pharmacogenetic testing is critical for ADR monitoring in a cost‐effective manner.
Atorvastatin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice and human lung fibroblasts, by the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation and apoptosis
Authors: Yildirim Merve , Kayalar Ozgecan , Atahan Ersan , Oztay Fusun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStatins have anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in addition to cholesterol‐lowering effect. We aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin (ATR) in fibrotic mouse lung and human lung fibroblasts (MRC5s). Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single dose of bleomycin by intratracheal instillation in adult mice. ATR was administered (20 mg/kg ip) to mice with healthy and pulmonary fibrosis for 10 days from Day 7 of the experiment. Mice were dissected on the 21st day. The levels of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), pSMAD2/3, LOXL2, and p‐Src were determined by Western blot analysis in the lungs. Furthermore, a group of MRC5 was differentiated into myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β). Another group of MRC5s was treated with 10 µM ATR at 24 h after TGF‐β stimulation. Cells were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. The effects of ATR on myofibroblast differentiation, apoptosis, and TGF‐β and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activations were examined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry in MRC5s. ATR attenuated pulmonary fibrosis by regulating myofibroblast differentiation and interstitial accumulation of collagen, by acting on LOXL2, p‐Src, and pSMAD2/3 in mice lungs. Additionally, it blocked myofibroblast differentiation via reduced TGF‐β and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and decreased α‐SMA in MRC5s stimulated with TGF‐β. Moreover, ATR caused myofibroblast apoptosis via caspase‐3 activation. ATR treatment attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice treated with bleomycin. It also inhibits fibroblast/myofibroblast activation, by both reducing myofibroblasts differentiation and inducing myofibroblast apoptosis.
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessing Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Correlation With Pathological Subtypes and Clinical Stages
Authors: Shen Jie , Zhang Wei , Zhu Jia‐Jia , Xue Lei , Yuan Mei , Xu Hai , Xu Xiao‐quan , Yu Tong‐Fu , Wu Fei‐Yun 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWorld Health Organization classification and Masaoka‐Koga stage are widely used for thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Reduced field‐of‐view (rFOV) diffusion‐weighed imaging (DWI) proved to improve the image quality. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI was commonly used in evaluating tumors.PurposeTo investigate the value of multiparametric MRI in evaluating TETs.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsEighty‐seven participants including 38 low risk (52.08 ± 14.19 years), 30 high risk (52.40 ± 11.35 years), and 19 thymic carcinoma patients (59.76 ± 10.78 years).Field strength/SequenceA 3 T, turbo spin echo imaging, echo planar imaging, volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination with radial acquisition trajectory.AssessmentDCE‐MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) variables were compared. Diagnostic performances of single significant factor and combined model were compared.Statistical TestsParameters were compared using one‐way ANOVA or independent‐samples t test. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the combined model. Receiver operating curves (ROC) and DeLong's test were used to compare the diagnostic efficiency.ResultsADC, Ktrans, and kep values were significantly different among low‐risk, high‐risk and carcinoma group (ADC, 1.279 ± 0.345 × 10−3 mm2/sec, 0.978 ± 0.260 × 10−3 mm2/sec, 0.661 ± 0.134 × 10−3 mm2/sec; Ktrans 0.167 ± 0.071 min−1, 0.254 ± 0.136 min−1, 0.393 ± 0.110 min−1; kep 0.345 ± 0.113 min−1, 0.560 ± 0.269 min−1, 0.872 ± 0.149 min−1). They were significantly different for early stage and advanced stage (ADC, 1.270 ± 0.356 × 10−3 mm2/sec vs. 0.845 ± 0.251 × 10−3 mm2/sec; Ktrans 0.179 ± 0.092 min−1 vs. 0.304 ± 0.142 min−1; kep 0.370 ± 0.181 min−1 vs. 0.674 ± 0.362 min−1). The combination of them had highest diagnostic efficiency for WHO classification (AUC, 0.925; sensitivity, 83.7%; specificity, 89.5%), clinical stage (AUC, 0.879; sensitivity, 80.9%; specificity, 82.5%).Data ConclusionMultiparametric MRI model may be useful for discriminating WHO classification and clinical stage of TETs.Evidence Level4Technical EfficiencyStage 2
Fungal and bacterial assisted bioremediation of environmental toxicant (N‐[2‐[3‐chloro‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐pyridinyl] ethyl]‐2‐(trifluoromethyl) benzamide) holding benzamidic genesis elucidating the eco‐friendly strategy
Authors: Naeem Hamna , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFluopyram (FLP) containing benzamidic genesis utilized for seed detoxification and as a foliar application is associated with low profound toxicity in mammals but long‐term toxicology investigations have revealed that FLP can stimulate tumor growth. FLP attenuation has been the first time scrutinized employing microorganisms originally identified from soils. Biodegrative assays of four fungal strains; Aspergillus fumigatus (AFu), Aspergillus terreus (AT), Aspergillus flavus (AF), Aspergillus niger (AN), and three bacterial strains: Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) Streptococcus pyogenes (SPy), and Escherichia coli (EC), were employed. Ten milligrams per liter FLP concentration was made employing separately microbe and analyzed for 35 days. The analytical technique was inclusive of ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometric and high‐performance liquid chromatography procedure endeavored to test FLP biodegradation. SP and AT exhibited maximal potentiality to metabolize FLP. HPLC is indicative of several metabolites formations. FLP degradation by AFu, EC, SPy, AN, AF, AT, SP was observed to be 24.2%, 82.7%, 89.8%, 90.7%, 91.3%, 95.4%, and 99.3%, explicating the efficacy of all strains employed in FLP degradation. Current investigations are indicative of significant bioremediation strategies for xenobiotic mitigation. Furthermore, the current examinations are inclusive of the augmentation of biodegradative assays to be utilized on a large scale for efficient environmental management cost‐effectively and sustainably.
The imprint of catchment processes on Greenlandic ice cap proglacial lake records: analytical approaches and palaeoenvironmental significance
Authors: ADAMSON KATHRYN , LANE TIMOTHY , CARNEY MATTHEW , DELANEY CATHY , HOWDEN APRIL 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTLakes fed by Greenlandic mountain glaciers and ice caps (GICs) contain important archives of Arctic palaeoenvironmental change. GIC proglacial lake records have been increasingly used to reconstruct Holocene glacier behaviour, largely focusing on macrostratigraphy. However, despite the wide range of topographic settings and catchment characteristics, there has been little systematic analysis of the ways that catchment conditions are registered in the clastic sediments of GIC lakes. Such signals provide valuable insights into landscape processes and palaeoenvironmental conditions that are not routinely captured in other Quaternary glacial morphosedimentary archives. This review synthesises sedimentological and geochemical evidence from existing Holocene GIC proglacial lake records to establish: how catchment‐wide conditions have been recorded in the lacustrine sequences; and our ability to isolate these signals to enhance palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Our review shows that with careful sedimentological and targeted (bio)geochemical analyses coupled with a clear process‐based understanding, catchment and in‐lake signals can be effectively identified in the microstratigraphic and mineral grain record. Such signals include wind patterns, mass wasting, precipitation events and seasonal lake ice cover, that can complement broader palaeoclimatic proxy evidence. The approaches collated here, if more widely applied, could considerably enhance environmental reconstructions not only in Greenland, but in glaciated catchments elsewhere.
Paleohydrological history of Lake Allos (2200 m a.s.l) since 13 500 cal a bp in the Mediterranean Alps inferred from an ostracod δ18O record
Authors: Cartier Rosine , Vidal Laurence , Sylvestre Florence , Sonzogni Corinne , Guiter Frédéric , Brisset Elodie , Miramont Cécile 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the first Lateglacial/Holocene (the last 13 500 cal a
bp) ostracod δ18O record to infer hydroclimate variability in the Southern French Alps. Cytherissa lacustris (δ18Osp) shells extracted from the sediments of Lake Allos allowed a reconstruction of δ18Olake water (δ18Olw) except for the interval 5800–2800 cal a
bp. The shape of the Younger Dryas (YD) clearly differed from records documented in the northern Alps. First, δ18Olw values remained close to modern values before a marked drop ca. 12 000 cal a
bp. Then, after several oscillations, δ18Olw values increased, reaching the highest value of the record ca. 6100 cal a
bp during a thermal optimum for this latitude. Finally, low δ18Olw values occurred from 450 to 100 cal a
bp during the Little Ice Age (LIA) following the Medieval Climate anomaly. At the beginning of the YD, δ18Olw probably reflected changes in local glacier dynamics and precipitation sources. The following decrease in δ18Olw values was associated with higher freshwater inputs during the second half of the YD. During the LIA, the low δ18O values are consistent with a higher torrential activity and lower air temperatures.
A visual deep learning model to predict abnormal versus normal parathyroid glands using intraoperative autofluorescence signals
Authors: Avci Seyma N. , Isiktas Gizem , Ergun Onuralp , Berber Eren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work demonstrated that abnormal versus normal parathyroid glands (PGs) exhibit different patterns of autofluorescence, with former appearing darker and more heterogenous. Our objective was to develop a visual artificial intelligence model using intraoperative autofluorescence signals to predict whether a PG is abnormal (hypersecreting and/or hypercellular) or normal before excision during surgical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsA total of 906 intraoperative parathyroid autofluorescence images of 303 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy were used to develop model. Autofluorescence image of each PG was uploaded into the visual artificial intelligence platform as abnormal or normal. For deep learning, randomly chosen 80% of data was used for training, 10% for testing, 10% for validation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), area under the precision‐recall curve (AUPRC), recall (sensitivity), and precision (positive predictive value) of the model were calculated.ResultsAUROC and AUPRC of the model to predict normal and abnormal PGs were 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. Recall and precision of the model were 89% each.ConclusionVisual artificial intelligence platforms may be used to compare the autofluorescence signal of a given parathyroid gland against a large database. This may be a new adjunctive tool for intraoperative assessment of parathyroid glands during surgical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism.
Open and minimally invasive gastrectomy in Eastern and Western patient populations: A review of the literature and reasons for differences in outcomes
Authors: Stillman Mason D. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRandomized trials in the East have established minimally invasive gastrectomy as possibly superior for short‐term outcomes and noninferior for long‐term survival. Smaller randomized studies from Western countries have supported these findings. However, there are marked disparities in morbidity, mortality, and overall survival noted between Eastern and Western studies. In this article, we review the literature comparing open and minimally invasive gastrectomy in the East and West, and describe the possible reasons for differences in outcomes.
Otolaryngology residency programs' perspectives on virtual interviews during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Risbud Adwight , Pang Jonathan C. , Ito Sun , Tjoa Tjoson , Armstrong William B. , Abouzari Mehdi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate perceptions of otolaryngology residency program directors (PDs) and department chairs (DCs) on virtual interviews (VIs) at the conclusion of the 2021 residency match.Study designCross‐sectional survey study.MethodsAn anonymous and voluntary survey was administered to PDs and DCs of U.S. otolaryngology residency programs from March 1, 2021 to April 11, 2021. Utilizing Likert scale ratings, the survey measured overall satisfaction with the VI format, perceived ability to assess key candidate attributes, relative importance of traditional candidate metrics, and likelihood to implement VIs in future cycles.ResultsNinety‐four surveys were completed by PDs (48.9%) and DCs (51.1%). Sixty (63.8%) respondents found the VI experience to be satisfactory or strongly satisfactory. Sixty‐six (70.2%) respondents felt confident in their ability to assess a candidate's professionalism and communication skills through VIs; however, confidence in gauging an applicant's clinical skills/knowledge (41.2%) and overall program fit (47.3%) was lower. Regarding candidate metrics, 64 (68.1%) respondents believed that personal prior knowledge of the applicant gained increased importance with VIs. Forty‐four (46.8%) and 45 (47.9%) participants believed that letters of recommendation in the specialty and perceived commitment to their program similarly attained increased significance in evaluating applicants, respectively.ConclusionMost PDs and DCs were satisfied with their VI experiences and expect the quality of interns to be unaffected by virtual assessment modalities. Majority opinion on the relative importance of traditional applicant metrics remained largely unchanged, the exception being an increase in importance of prior knowledge of the applicant.Level of Evidence: N/A.
Different levels of mucus inflammatory mediators in nasal polyposis with and without aeroallergen sensitivity
Authors: Dimić Aleksandar , Perić Aleksandar , Grgurević Uglješa , Sotirović Jelena , Labus Milica , Baletić Nenad , Milojević Milanko , Stanojević Ivan , Vojvodić Danilo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesBiomarker levels in nasal secretions can reflect the inflammatory status of nasal mucosa and evolution of sinus disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between local inflammatory mediator production and clinical characteristics of patients with nasal polyposis (NP).MethodsThirty‐one nonaeroallergen sensitized patients with NP (NANP), 29 aeroallergen sensitized patients with NP (ANP), and 30 subjects without inflammation of nasal mucosa as controls (C) entered this prospective, cross‐sectional study. Clinical parameters (symptoms, endoscopic, and radiological findings) were assessed. The concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, substance P and Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) were measured in the nasal secretion samples of all participants by ELISA method.ResultsOur results showed higher concentrations of HSP70, ECP, and tryptase in ANP than in NANP and C (p < .001 for all markers). On the other hand, levels of CC16 were significantly higher in C than in NANP and ANP groups (p < .001; p < .001, respectively). We found positive correlations between HSP70, ECP, tryptase, and substance P levels and nasal symptom score in patients with NP. Also, HSP70, ECP, tryptase, and substance P showed different levels of positive correlation among themselves, with HSP70 showing highest positive correlation with ECP. Finally, relatively strong negative correlations were found between the levels of CC16 and nasal symptoms, as well as between the CC16 levels and levels of other four mediators in nasal fluid.ConclusionHSP70, ECP, tryptase, and substance P might play a role in the pathogenesis of NP. The results suggest that chronic inflammation in NP involves a self‐sustaining local release of HSP70, ECP, and tryptase, independent of aeroallergen stimulation of the mucosal layer, although the production of these mediators is higher in aeroallergen sensitized NP patients.
Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COC)—Excellent Glass Formers with Low Dynamic Fragility
Authors: Zhang Rui , Madhavi Vadlamudi , Shaffer Timothy D. , Androsch René , Schick Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApplications of cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) are manifold, and developing a complete understanding of the characteristics of the glass transition behavior of these materials is essential to their processing and use in a variety of those applications. Fast scanning calorimetry is employed to investigate the glass transition of three commercial TOPAS COCs of different norbornene content between 37 and 54 mol% at cooling rates varying from 0.01 to 100 000 K s−1. The glass transition temperatures as a function of cooling rate are determined as limiting fictive temperatures from reheating scans at 100 000 K s−1. The data, covering seven orders of magnitude in cooling rate, allows the determination of the dynamic fragilities. The dynamic fragilities of TOPAS 6013, 6015, and 8007 are in the range of 50–60 and increase with increasing norbornene content. Compared to literature data of other polymers, the dynamic fragilities are rather low, and the COCs are classified as relatively strong glass formers. In other words, relating this information to processability, they have a relatively large “working range” and are classified as “long” glasses. Such classification, borrowed from glass making (blowing) technologies, may also help to describe the processability of polymeric glass formers in general.
Precise Control of Microcapillary Size in Microcapillary Films by Liquid‐Assisted Extrusion
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Zheng Suxia , Bi Mingcheng , Xu Zhongbin , Huang Xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrocapillary films (MCFs) are plastic films with an array of microcapillaries, which have been widely applied in microfluidics and bioanalytical techniques. However, the precise control of microcapillary size is still a problem hindering the industrial applications of MCFs because the high size uniformity of microcapillaries ensures the production of homogeneous droplets and the robust performance of immunoassays. Here, a novel approach is provided to precisely adjust the size of microcapillaries by liquid‐assisted extrusion and to investigate the combined effects of extrusion, drawing and liquid injection on the microcapillary size. Compared with gas‐assisted extrusion, the size uniformity is improved by at least 5% for 89% experiments and 10% for 42% experiments. Therefore, this method facilitates MCFs’ applications in droplet microfluidics and biotechnologies.