bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Performance of Ni–Co Alloy Coatings
Authors: Shetty Akshatha R. , Hegde A. Chitharanjan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe corrosion protection efficacy of Ni–Co alloy coatings was tried to improve by magnetoelectrodeposition (MED) approach. The magnetic field of varying strength (B) was applied in perpendicular and parallel to the direction of diffusion of metal ions, simultaneously to the process of deposition. The corrosion behaviour of the deposited coatings was studied through electrochemical DC method and results revealed that Magneto-electrodeposited (MED) Ni–Co alloys coatings were found to be more corrosion resistant than their conventionally electrodeposited (ED) counterparts. Moreover, the effect of magnetic field is more pronounced in perpendicular field direction and was explained by Lorentz force. Under optimal condition, MED Ni–Co alloy coating obtained at a magnetic field intensity of B = 0.3 T (Perpendicular) was found to be less prone to corrosion than its ED alloy (B = 0 T) counterpart. The increased limiting current density (iL) of Co2+ ions in turn increases the corrosion resistant properties of MED Ni–Co alloy coatings. The effect of magnetic field on improved corrosion resistance of the deposited coatings have been investigated in terms of their changed surface morphology, composition, phase structure and surface roughness using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively.
Supporting the integration of first-year undergraduate widening participation sport students into university: the role of online programme induction
Authors: Hayman Rick , Wood Michael , Wharton Karl , Shotton Lynette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProgramme induction activities are a central feature for supporting successful student entry into university, playing an important role in ensuring they quickly settle, feel included, are motivated to learn and able to form new friendships and networks with peers and staff. Research shows how entering university can be complex and challenging for all students regardless of background and experience. This is particularly the case for widening participation students, who often encounter excessive social exclusion and financial pressures. By using Student Involvement Theory (Astin in J Coll Stud Pers 25:297–308, 1984) as a guiding theoretical framework and peer mentors as interviewees, the primary aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an exclusively online programme induction in supporting the integration of newly arrived first-year widening participation sports students into a post-92 British university. The key study finding was that online induction was more successful in gaining academic than social engagement. Participants devoted time and effort into their studies but had limited social involvement with other students, both from their programme and the wider university community. Practical implications for developing future online induction programme schedules to better support the transition of diverse student populations into university are presented, as are future research avenues and limitations.
Artificial intelligence in surgery: the emergency surgeon’s perspective (the ARIES project)
Authors: De Simone Belinda , Chouillard Elie , Gumbs Andrew A. , Loftus Tyler J. , Kaafarani Haytham , Catena Fausto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has been developed and implemented in healthcare with the valuable potential to reduce health, social, and economic inequities, help actualize universal health coverage, and improve health outcomes on a global scale. The application of AI in emergency surgery settings could improve clinical practice and operating rooms management by promoting consistent, high-quality decision making while preserving the importance of bedside assessment and human intuition as well as respect for human rights and equitable surgical care, but ethical and legal issues are slowing down surgeons’ enthusiasm. Emergency surgeons are aware that prioritizing education, increasing the availability of high AI technologies for emergency and trauma surgery, and funding to support research projects that use AI to provide decision support in the operating room are crucial to create an emergency “intelligent” surgery.
Genomic Shift in Population Dynamics of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia Coli in Human Carriage
Authors: Shen Yingbo , Zhang Rong , Shao Dongyan , Yang Lu , Lu Jiayue , Liu Congcong , Wang Xueyang , Jiang Junyao , Wang Boxuan , Wu Congming , Parkhill Julian , Wang Yang , Walsh Timothy R. , Gao George F. , Shen Zhangqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emergence of the colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, has attracted worldwide attention. Despite the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) strains in human carriage showing a significant decrease between 2016 and 2019, genetic differences in MCRPEC strains remain largely unknown. We therefore conducted a comparative genomic study on MCRPEC strains from fecal samples of healthy human subjects in 2016 and 2019. We identified three major differences in MCRPEC strains between these two time points. First, the insertion sequence ISApl1 was often deleted and the percentage of mcr-1-carrying IncI2 plasmids was increased in MCRPEC strains in 2019. Second, the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), aac(3)-IVa and blaCTX-M-1, emerged and coexisted with mcr-1 in 2019. Third, MCRPEC strains in 2019 contained more virulence genes, resulting in an increased proportion of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains (36.1%) in MCRPEC strains in 2019 compared to that in 2016 (10.5%), implying that these strains could occupy intestinal ecological niches by competing with other commensal bacteria. Our results suggest that despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of MCRPEC strains in humans from 2016 to 2019, MCRPEC exhibits increased resistance to other clinically important ARGs and contains more virulence genes, which may pose a potential public health threat.
Barriers to and solutions for representative inclusion across the lifespan and in life course research: The need for structural competency highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: LeCroy Madison N. , Potter Lindsey N. , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Bianco Monica E. , Cappola Anne R. , Carter Ebony B. , Dayan Peter S. , Eckstrom Elizabeth , Edwards Dorothy F. , Farabi Sarah S. , Fisher Sheehan D. , Giordano Judy , Hanson Heidi A. , Jenkins Emerald , Juhn Young , Kaskel Frederick , Stake Christine E. , Reeds Dominic N. , Schleiss Mark R. , Wafford Q. Eileen , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExclusion of special populations (older adults; pregnant women, children, and adolescents; individuals of lower socioeconomic status and/or who live in rural communities; people from racial and ethnic minority groups; individuals from sexual or gender minority groups; and individuals with disabilities) in research is a pervasive problem, despite efforts and policy changes by the National Institutes of Health and other organizations. These populations are adversely impacted by social determinants of health (SDOH) that reduce access and ability to participate in biomedical research. In March 2020, the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute hosted the “Lifespan and Life Course Research: integrating strategies” “Un-Meeting” to discuss barriers and solutions to underrepresentation of special populations in biomedical research. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how exclusion of representative populations in research can increase health inequities. We applied findings of this meeting to perform a literature review of barriers and solutions to recruitment and retention of representative populations in research and to discuss how findings are important to research conducted during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the role of SDOH, review barriers and solutions to underrepresentation, and discuss the importance of a structural competency framework to improve research participation and retention among special populations.
Thatcher's Policy Unit and the “Neoliberal Vision”
Authors: Davies Aled , Freeman James , Pemberton Hugh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing recently released papers, we analyze an attempted neoliberal policy revolution in 1980s Britain—the attempt to restrict the state pension to a minimal flat-rate benefit and supplement it with personal pensions. In the process, the government would abolish both the state earnings-related pension and collective employer-provided occupational pension schemes that then covered about half the workforce and owned about a quarter of all shares listed on the London Stock Exchange. Unusually, our focus is not primarily on ministers, as we unpick an attempted revolution that would have refashioned every worker in Britain as an investor-capitalist. Rather we focus on a sub-ministerial center of political power, the No. 10 Policy Unit, and the influence on it of the Centre for Policy Studies, a right-wing think tank. In doing so, we confirm the latter's importance as source of neoliberal ideas for the architects of policy change in the 1980s and reveal the centrality of the Policy Unit as a source of motive power for Britain's neoliberal revolution. We also, however, highlight the relative pragmatism of ministers as they backed away from the Policy Unit's attempted revolution, choosing instead to implement a more evolutionary set of reforms.
The rangeomorph fossil Charnia from the Ediacaran Shibantan biota in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China
Authors: Wu Chengxi , Pang Ke , Chen Zhe , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhou Chuanming , Wan Bin , Yuan Xunlai , Xiao Shuhai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe terminal Ediacaran Shibantan biota (~550–543 Ma) from the Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China represents one of the rare examples of carbonate-hosted Ediacara-type macrofossil assemblages. In addition to the numerically dominant taxa—the non-biomineralizing tubular fossil Wutubus and discoidal fossils Aspidella and Hiemalora, the Shibantan biota also bears a moderate diversity of frondose fossils, including Pteridinium, Rangea, Arborea, and Charnia. In this paper, we report two species of the rangeomorph genus Charnia, including the type species Charnia masoni Ford, 1958 emend. and Charnia gracilis new species, from the Shibantan biota. Most of the Shibantan Charnia specimens preserve only the petalodium, with a few bearing the holdfast and stem. Despite overall architectural similarities to other Charnia species, the Shibantan specimens of Charnia gracilis n. sp. are distinct in their relatively straight, slender, and more acutely angled first-order branches. They also show evidence that may support a two-stage growth model and a epibenthic sessile lifestyle. Charnia fossils described herein represent one of the youngest occurrences of this genus and extend its paleogeographic and stratigraphic distributions. Our discovery also highlights the notable diversity of the Shibantan biota, which contains examples of a wide range of Ediacaran morphogroups.UUID: http://zoobank.org/837216cd-4a4a-4e13-89e2-ee354ba48a4c
Encouraged to Cheat? Federal Incentives and Career Concerns at the Sub-national Level as Determinants of Under-Reporting of COVID-19 Mortality in Russia
Authors: Kofanov Dmitrii , Kozlov Vladimir , Libman Alexander , Zakharov Nikita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the determinants and consequences of manipulating COVID-19 statistics in an authoritarian federation using the Russian case. It abandons the interpretation of the authoritarian regime as a unitary actor and acknowledges the need to account for a complex interaction of various bureaucratic and political players to understand the spread and the logic of manipulation. Our estimation strategy takes advantage of a natural experiment where the onset of the pandemic adjourned the national referendum enabling new presidential terms for Putin. To implement the rescheduled referendum, Putin needed sub-national elites to manufacture favourable COVID-19 statistics to convince the public that the pandemic was under control. While virtually all regions engaged in data manipulation, there was a substantial variation in the degree of misreporting. A third of this variation can be explained by an asynchronous schedule of regional governors’ elections, winning which depends almost exclusively on support from the federal authorities.
An archaeological evaluation of the Olmec “royal tombs” at La Venta, Mexico
Authors: Gillespie Susan D. , Volk Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt La Venta, Mexico, the Middle Formative Olmec regional center, the existence of individual leaders is interpreted from the evidence of monumental stone portraiture and several tombs believed to house the bodies of a sequence of kings late in La Venta's history. The status of these latter features as graves, however, has been debated since soon after they were excavated in the 1940s, especially because they generally lacked osteological material. What remained was arrangements of costume items as if adorning a body, usually associated with a stone container. Most archaeologists have advanced the reasonable explanation that bones and teeth would not have survived in tropical environments and accepted both the tomb attribution and their function as individual funerary monuments. A detailed review of available information from the La Venta excavations reveals these assumptions are not warranted. Field data indicate the absence of expected taphonomic evidence of bodily decay. Analysis of the stratigraphy of Mound A-2, aided, by computer-enhanced imaging of field drawings, demonstrates its tomb-like features were erected in a single, short construction phase, not over a span of decades as individual kings died. These conclusions call for alternative explanations of these “surrogate burials,” absent bodies materially evoked by ritual officiants.
Tricuspid atresia and common arterial trunk: a rare form of CHD
Authors: Weld Julia , Lee Brian , Loomba Rohit S. , Siddiqui Saad , Jaji Amina , Vricella Luca , Hibino Narutoshi , Anderson Robert H. , Elzein Chawki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTricuspid atresia with common arterial trunk is a very rare association in complex CHD. This association has even more infrequently been documented concomitantly with interrupted aortic arch. We present the diagnosis and initial surgical management of an infant with a fetal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia and common arterial trunk, with additional postnatal finding of interrupted aortic arch with interruption between the left common carotid and left subclavian artery. Due to the infant’s small size, she was initially palliated with bilateral pulmonary artery bands and a ductal stent. This was followed by septation of the common arterial trunk and interrupted aortic arch repair and 4 mm right subclavian artery to main pulmonary artery shunt placement at two months of age. She was discharged home on day of life 81.
Reconstruction of Zonal Precipitation From Sparse Historical Observations Using Climate Model Information and Statistical Learning
Authors: Egli Marius , Sippel Sebastian , Pendergrass Angeline G. , de Vries Iris , Knutti Reto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFuture projected changes in precipitation substantially impact societies worldwide. However, large uncertainties remain due to sparse historical observational coverage, large internal climate variability, and climate model disagreement. Here, we present a novel reconstruction of seasonally averaged zonal precipitation metrics from sparse rain‐gauge data using regularized regression techniques that are trained across climate model simulations. Subsequently, we test the reconstruction on independent satellite data and reanalyzed precipitation, and find a large fraction of historical zonal mean precipitation (ZMP) variability is recovered, in particular over the Northern hemisphere and in parts of the tropics. Finally, we demonstrate that the reconstructed ZMP trends are outside the variability of pre‐industrial control simulations, and are largely consistent with the range of historical simulations driven by external forcing. Overall, we illustrate a novel way of estimating seasonally averaged zonal precipitation from gauge data, and trends therein that show a signal very likely caused by human influence.
High‐Rate Fluid Injection Reduces the Nucleation Length of Laboratory Earthquakes on Critically Stressed Faults in Granite
Authors: Ji Yinlin , Wang Lei , Hofmann Hannes , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Dresen Georg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe conducted fluid injection experiments on cylindrical low‐permeability granite samples with a critically stressed sawcut fault at local injection rates of 0.2 and 0.8 mL/min and confining pressures of 31 and 61 MPa. A local array of six strain gauges attached close to the faults allows us to estimate the nucleation length of each injection‐induced dynamic slip event (i.e., laboratory earthquake). We find nucleation lengths decrease from approximately 90% to <15% of the fault length with higher injection rate and increased effective normal stress. Injection‐induced laboratory earthquakes with smaller nucleation lengths show generally higher peak slip rates and larger fault slip displacements, signifying an intensified seismic hazard. Our results also indicate that initially stable fault patches may be reactivated to slip seismically by increasing injection rates. This study systematically demonstrates that higher injection rates constitute dynamic loading, which increase the seismic hazard by shrinking the earthquake nucleation length.
Monitoring Seasonal Shear Wave Velocity Changes in the Top 6 m at Garner Valley in Southern California With Borehole Data
Authors: Qin Lei , Steidl Jamison H. , Qiu Hongrui , Nakata Nori , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubsurface structures play important roles in seismic ground motion, crustal hydrology, stability of the built environment, and more. Constraining temporal changes of subsurface shear wave velocity (VS) can provide useful information to all these topics and the growing field of hydrological monitoring with seismic velocity. Using borehole records at Garner Valley, CA, we estimate seasonal subsurface VS variations from impulse response functions (IRFs) of earthquake data (2005–2018) along with IRFs and cross‐correlation of cross‐hole experiment data (2015–2018). The inferred VS variations are up to ∼25% in the top 6 m and ∼10% at 2–5 m in depth. The VS variations correlate strongly with the water table depth changes, suggesting that the changes are mostly due to fluctuations of pore pressure in the shallow material. The shallow velocity changes alter the near‐surface conditions, can affect seismic hazard estimation, and may be improperly attributed to deeper processes without careful analysis.
Transition From Slow to Fast Injection‐Induced Slip of an Experimental Fault in Granite Promoted by Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ji Yinlin , Hofmann Hannes , Rutter Ernest H. , Zang Arno 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe influence of elevated temperature on injection‐induced fault slip is poorly constrained. In this study, at steady‐state elevated temperatures, triaxial shear‐flow experiments on a sawcut fault in granite were conducted to simulate injection‐induced slip of a critically stressed fault. Our results suggest that an elevated temperature favors a more uniform fluid pressure distribution over the fault surface mainly by reducing water viscosity. At temperatures above ambient, a larger perturbation force from the injected fluid is required to reactivate the fault primarily because of the enhanced thermally activated fault healing processes, resulting in a faster fault slip rate upon failure. This study may partially explain the causal link between higher reservoir temperature and higher maximum magnitude of injection‐induced earthquakes in geothermal systems, and the observation that larger magnitude seismic events concentrate near the deeper part of the reservoir, where temperature is higher.
Efficient single-component white light emitting diodes enabled by lanthanide ions doped lead halide perovskites via controlling Förster energy transfer and specific defect clearance
Authors: Sun Rui , Zhou Donglei , Ding Yujiao , Wang Yue , Wang Yuqi , Zhuang Xinmeng , Liu Shuainan , Ding Nan , Wang Tianyuan , Xu Wen , Song Hongwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrently, a major challenge for metal-halide perovskite light emitting diodes (LEDs) is to achieve stable and efficient white light emission due to halide ion segregation. Herein, we report a promising method to fabricate white perovskite LEDs using lanthanide (Ln3+) ions doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs). First, K+ ions are doped into the lattice to tune the perovskite bandgap by partially substituting Cs+ ions, which are well matched to the transition energy of some Ln3+ ions from the ground state to the excited state, thereby greatly improving the Förster energy transfer efficiency from excitons to Ln3+ ions. Then, creatine phosphate (CP), a phospholipid widely found in organisms, serves as a tightly binding surface-capping multi-functional ligand which regulates the film formation and enhances the optical and electrical properties of PeNC film. Consequently, the Eu3+ doped PeNCs based-white LEDs show a peak luminance of 1678 cd m-2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.4%, demonstrating excellent performance among existing white PeNC LEDs from a single chip. Furthermore, the method of bandgap modulation and the defect passivation were generalized to other Ln3+ ions doped perovskite LEDs and successfully obtained improved electroluminescence (EL). This work demonstrates the comprehensive and universal strategies in the realization of highly efficient and stable white LEDs via single-component Ln3+ ions doped PeNCs, which provides an optimal solution for the development of low-cost and simple white perovskite LEDs.
Soft metamaterial with programmable ferromagnetism
Authors: Kaya Kerem , Iseri Emre , van der Wijngaart Wouter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMagnetopolymers are of interest in smart material applications; however, changing their magnetic properties post synthesis is complicated. In this study, we introduce easily programmable polymer magnetic composites comprising 2D lattices of droplets of solid-liquid phase change material, with each droplet containing a single magnetic dipole particle. These composites are ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature defined by the rotational freedom of the particles above the droplet melting point. We demonstrate magnetopolymers combining high remanence characteristics with Curie temperatures below the composite degradation temperature. We easily reprogram the material between four states: (1) a superparamagnetic state above the melting point which, in the absence of an external magnetic field, spontaneously collapses to; (2) an artificial spin ice state, which after cooling forms either; (3) a spin glass state with low bulk remanence, or; (4) a ferromagnetic state with high bulk remanence when cooled in the presence of an external magnetic field. We observe the spontaneous emergence of 2D magnetic vortices in the spin ice and elucidate the correlation of these vortex structures with the external bulk remanence. We also demonstrate the easy programming of magnetically latching structures.