bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Difference in Mortality and Outcomes After Addition of a Nearby Pediatric Trauma Center
Authors: Naaseh Ariana , Grigorian Areg , Lekawa Michael , Dolich Matthew , Schubl Sebastian , Joe Victor , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Previous studies demonstrate that higher volume pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) offer improved outcomes. This study evaluated pediatric trauma volume and outcomes at an existing level I (L-I) adult and level II (L-II) PTC after the addition of a new children's hospital L-II PTC within a 2-mile radius, hypothesizing no difference in mortality and complications.

Methods
A retrospective review of patients aged 14 years or younger presenting to a single adult L-I and L-II PTC was performed. Patients from 2015–2016 (PRE) were compared with patients from 2018–2019 (POST) for mortality and complications using bivariate analyses.

Results
Compared with the PRE cohort, there were less patients in the POST cohort (277 vs 373). Patients in the POST cohort had higher rates of insurance coverage (91.3% vs 78.8%, P < 0.001), self-transportation (7.2% vs 2.7%, P < 0.01), and hospital admission (72.6% and 46.1%, P < 0.001). There was no difference in all complications and mortality (all P > 0.05) between the 2 cohorts.

Conclusions
After opening a second L-II PTC within a 2-mile radius, there was an increase in the rate of admissions and self-transportation to the preexisting L-II PTC. Despite a nearly 26% decrease in pediatric trauma volume, there was no difference in length of stay, hospital complications, or mortality.
Incidence and risk factors for suicide, death due to substance use, and violent/accidental death in people with HIV
Authors: Tusch Erich S. , Ryom Lene , Fursa Olga , Peters Lars , Østergaard Lars , Florence Eric , Edwards Simon , Hoffmann Christian , Sambatakou Helen , Reiss Peter , Shahar Eduardo , Reikvam Dag Henrik , Schmied Brigitte , Paduta Dzmitry , Yakovlev Alexei , Szlávik János , Ranin Jovan , Zilmer Kai , Uždaviniene Vilma , Pelchen-Matthews Annegret , Mocroft Amanda , Reekie Joanne 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Deaths due to suicide, substance use and violence/accident may reflect similar risk factors and overlap in their classification. This study aimed to investigate incidence and risk factors of mortality among people with HIV (PWH) due to these three related causes.

Design:
Prospectively collected data from PWH at least 18 years old and under active follow-up in the EuroSIDA study from 2007 to 2019 were analysed.

Methods:
Cause-specific Cox regression analysis was used to assess risk factors.

Results:
A total of 17 881 participants were included, comprising 149 327 person-years of follow-up (PYFU). Forty participants died by suicide {incidence rate [IR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.3/1000 PYFU (0.2, 0.4)} 93 from substance use [IR (95% CI): 0.6/1000 PYFU (0.5, 0.8)], and 57 by violence/accident [IR (95% CI): 0.4/1000 PYFU (0.3, 0.5)]. An AIDS diagnosis within the last 12 months was associated with nine-fold increased risk of suicide vs. no history of AIDS [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 9.06; 95% CI: 2.07, 39.7]. Male gender was associated with double the risk of violent/accidental death (aHR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.09, 4.78). PWH in Eastern Europe and those who acquired HIV by injection drug use (IDU) demonstrated a greater risk of death due to substance use or violence/accident.

Conclusions:
The association between a recent diagnosis of AIDS and suicide highlights a critical period for intervention. HIV infection acquired through IDU demonstrated an expected relationship with death due to substance use and violent/accidental deaths. Increased risk of death due to substance use and violence/accident in Eastern Europe demands investigation into specific differences that may drive that association.
VEXAS Syndrome—A Review of Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Prognosis
Authors: Koster Matthew J. , Samec Matthew J. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) syndrome is a newly identified disease caused by somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene resulting in refractory autoinflammatory features, frequently accompanied by cytopenias. Although the prevalence of this syndrome is yet unknown, understanding the clinical phenotype can assist clinicians in prompt recognition of cases among patients with glucocorticoid-responsive but immunosuppressive-resistant inflammatory symptoms. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prognosis of VEXAS are herein reviewed.
High Infertility Rates and Pregnancy Complications in Female Physicians Indicate a Need for Culture Change
Authors: Lai Krista , Garvey Erin M. , Velazco Cristine S. , Gill Manrit , Weidler Erica M. , van Leeuwen Kathleen , Kim Eugene S. , Rangel Erika L. , Grimsby Gwen M. 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
This survey study aims to determine the prevalence of pregnancy complications and infertility in female physicians in comparison to the general population. Risk factors, workplace environment, and education are also examined.

Background:
Physicians undertake long training and have stressful work environments during optimal childbearing years. While growing literature indicates increased rates of pregnancy complications and infertility in female surgeons, the prevalence in female physicians of all specialties is unknown.

Methods:
An anonymous, voluntary survey was distributed to female physicians via private physician social media groups. It queried pregnancy demographics and complications, infertility diagnosis and treatment, workplace environment, and prior education on these topics. Results were compared with general population data, between medical and surgical subspecialties, and between physicians who were and were not educated on the risks of delaying pregnancy.

Results:
A total of 4533 female physicians completed the survey. Compared with the general population, female physicians were older at first pregnancy, more often underwent infertility evaluation and treatment, and had higher rates of miscarriage and preterm birth. During training, only 8% of those surveyed received education on the risks of delaying pregnancy. Those who were educated were significantly less likely to experience miscarriage or seek infertility evaluation or treatment. Compared with physicians in nonsurgical specialties, surgeons had fewer children, were older at first pregnancy, had more preterm births and fetal growth problems, and were more likely to be discouraged from starting a family during training and practice.

Conclusions:
Female physicians, particularly surgeons, have a significantly greater incidence of miscarriage, infertility, and pregnancy complications compared with the general population. The culture of medicine and surgery must continue to evolve to better support women with family planning during their training and careers.
The Experiences of Motherhood in Female Surgeons
Authors: Mavedatnia Dorsa , Ardestani Shakiba , Zahabi Sarah , Neocleous Penelope , Madou Edward , Dzioba Agnieszka , Strychowsky Julie E. , Graham M. Elise 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study is to systematically synthesize the existing literature on the experiences of motherhood in female surgeons both during surgical training and as staff physicians, to identify knowledge gaps, and to provide recommendations for institutional changes to better support pregnant female surgeons.

Background:
There are disproportionately fewer medical students pursuing surgical specialties, as surgery is often seen as incompatible with childbearing and pregnancy. However, no review has summarized the published literature on the collective experiences of female surgeons in navigating motherhood.

Methods:
Four databases were searched and 1106 abstracts were identified. Forty-two studies were included and a thematic analysis was performed.

Results:
Four themes were identified: path toward motherhood (n=18), realities of motherhood (n=25), medical culture and its impact on career and family life (n=24), and institutional reproductive wellness policies (n=21). Female surgeons are more likely to delay motherhood until after training and have high rates of assisted reproductive technology use. Pregnancy during surgical training is associated with negative perception from peers, pregnancy complications, and scheduling challenges. Maternity leave policies and breastfeeding and childcare facilities are variable and often inadequate. Many female surgeons would agree that greater institutional support would help support women in both their roles as mothers and as surgeons.

Conclusions:
Both female residents and staff surgeons experience significant and unique barriers before, during, and after motherhood that impact their personal and professional lives. Understanding the unique challenges that mothers face when pursuing surgical specialties is critical to achieving gender equity.
Impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation on working memory and selective attention in athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amouzadeh Fereshteh , sheikh Mahmood 
Published: October 2022

Objective
The current study aimed to investigate the impact of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on working memory and selective attention in athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods
In total 45 athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly divided into three equal groups (sham, control and experimental groups). All participants in the sham and experimental groups received stimulations on the F3 and SO with a current of (10 HZ) 1 mA for 15 min over 10 sessions (P ≤ 0.05), and after 10 sessions, each group was retested. After 2 weeks, a follow-up test was performed according to the post-test using the Stroop test and N-BACK- (working memory test) to test statistical hypotheses (P ≤ 0.05).

Results
The results of repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that applying tACS proved effective in improving the working memory and selective attention of ADHD athletes.

Conclusions
The study’s findings indicated that the protocol of applying tACS 1 MA with 10 HZ improved the working memory and selective attention of ADHD athletes.
The brain responses to the gating opening mechanism on perceptual and conceptual mismatches in the 1-back matching task
Authors: Yuan Shangqing , Sun Tie , Xiao Feng 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Although working memory performance is predicted by the gating mechanism, which is part of attentional control, the attentional control effect on domain-specific matching processes in the 1-back task, is lack of neural evidence.

Method
This study adopted event-related potential (ERP) technique, and employed both perceptual and conceptual matching conditions in a digital 1-back task, requiring to judge whether the current number was perceptually or quantitatively identical to the prior one. Three types of number pairs were adopted: shape/value match (S + V +, e.g., ‘3 3’ or ‘三 三’), shape mismatch/value match (S − V + , e.g., ‘3 三’ or ‘五 5’) and shape/value mismatch (S − V − , e.g., ‘3 5’ or ‘五 三’).

Main results
The ERP results showed that both S − V + and S − V − elicited similar larger P2 amplitudes and longer N2 and P3 latencies than S + V + in both conditions, reflecting the gate opening for perceptual input. Moreover, a task-relevance effect on P3 amplitudes was observed, with a deflection for S − V − in the conceptual matching condition and for S − V + and S − V − in the perceptual matching condition, suggesting that the gating opening mechanism enabled the retrieval of relevant information.

Conclusion
Hence, the matching effect on P3 supported the gating opening mechanism on the matching subprocess underlying the N-back task.
Analyzing Impact of Multimorbidity on Long-Term Outcomes after Emergency General Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Rosen Claire B , Roberts Sanford E , Wirtalla Chris J , Ramadan Omar I , Keele Luke J , Kaufman Elinore J , Halpern Scott D , Kelz Rachel R 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Little is known about the impact of multimorbidity on long-term outcomes for older emergency general surgery patients.

STUDY DESIGN:
Medicare beneficiaries, age 65 and older, who underwent operative management of an emergency general surgery condition were identified using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid claims data. Patients were classified as multimorbid based on the presence of a Qualifying Comorbidity Set (a specific combination of comorbid conditions known to be associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality in the general surgery setting) and compared with those without multimorbidity. Risk-adjusted outcomes through 180 days after discharge from index hospitalization were calculated using linear and logistic regressions.

RESULTS:
Of 174,891 included patients, 45.5% were identified as multimorbid. Multimorbid patients had higher rates of mortality during index hospitalization (5.9% vs 0.7%, odds ratio [OR] 3.05, p < 0.001) and through 6 months (17.1% vs 3.4%, OR 2.33, p < 0.001) after discharge. Multimorbid patients experienced higher rates of readmission at 1 month (22.9% vs 11.4%, OR 1.48, p < 0.001) and 6 months (38.2% vs 21.2%, OR 1.48, p < 0.001) after discharge, lower rates of discharge to home (42.5% vs 74.2%, OR 0.52, p < 0.001), higher rates of discharge to rehabilitation/nursing facility (28.3% vs 11.3%, OR 1.62, p < 0.001), greater than double the use of home oxygen, walker, wheelchair, bedside commode, and hospital bed (p < 0.001), longer length of index hospitalization (1.33 additional in-patient days, p < 0.001), and higher costs through 6 months ($5,162 additional, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Older, multimorbid patients experience worse outcomes, including survival and independent function, after emergency general surgery than nonmultimorbid patients through 6 months after discharge from index hospitalization. This information is important for setting recovery expectations for high-risk patients to improve shared decision-making.
A wide foodomics approach coupled with metagenomics elucidates the environmental signature of Protected Geographical Indication potatoes
Authors: Boutsika Anastasia , Michailidis Michail , Ganopoulou Maria , Dalakouras Athanasios , Skodra Christina , Xanthopoulou Aliki , Stamatakis George , Samiotaki Martina , Tanou Georgia , Moysiadis Theodoros , Angelis Lefteris , Bazakos Christos , Molassiotis Athanassios , Nianiou-Obeidat Irini , Mellidou Ifigeneia , Ganopoulos Ioannis 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe term “terroir” has been widely employed to link differential geographic phenotypes with sensorial signatures of agricultural food products, influenced by agricultural practices, soil type and climate. Nowadays, the Geographical Indications labeling has been developed to safeguard the quality of plant-derived food that is linked to a certain terroir and is generally considered as an indication of superior organoleptic properties and phytochemical profile. As the dynamics of agroecosystems are highly intricate, consisting of tangled networks of interactions between plants, microorganisms, and the surrounding environment, the recognition of the key molecular components of terroir fingerprinting remains a great challenge to protect both the origin and the safety of food commodities. Furthermore, the contribution of microbiome as a potential driver of the terroir signature has been underestimated until recently. Herein, we present a first comprehensive view of the multi-omic landscape related to transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, and metagenome of the popular Protected Geographical Indication potatoes of Naxos.
FIST-nD: A tool forn-dimensional spatial transcriptomics data imputation via graph-regularized tensor completion
Authors: Atkins Thomas Karl , Song Tianci , Kuang Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFunctional interpretation of spatial transcriptomics data usually requires non-trivial pre-processing steps and other supporting data in the analysis due to the high sparsity and incompleteness of spatial RNA profiling, especially in 3D constructions. As a solution, we present a new software tool FIST-nD, Fast Imputation of Spatially-resolved transcriptomes by graph-regularized Tensor completion inn-Dimensions for imputing 3D as well as 2D spatial transcriptomics data. FIST-nD is implemented based on a novel graph-regularized tensor decomposition method, which imputes spatial gene expression data using 4-way high-order tensor structure and relations in spatial and gene functional graphs. The implementation, accelerated by GPU or multicore parallel computing, can efficiently impute high-resolution 3D spatial transcriptomics data within a few minutes. The experiments on three 3D Spatial Transcriptomics datasets and one 3D high-resolution Stereo-seq dataset confirm the high accuracy of the imputation by FIST-nD and demonstrate that the imputed spatial transcriptomes provide a more complete gene expression landscape for downstream analyses such as spatial gene expression clustering and visualizations.
In silicoassessment of the association of pathogenicity and metal-resistance potential ofFusariumspp
Authors: Ballena Gerald Amiel M. , Velarde Michael C. , Dacones Leilani S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenusFusariumincludes ubiquitous species complexes and are often resistant to multiple stressors. Early epidemiological evidence show that metal resistance genes (MRGs) influence the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbial communities. More recent evidence points out that this correlation is due to the physical linkage of these genes. Given the utmost importance ofFusariumpathogenicity to agriculture, and the ever-increasing rise in metal or metalloid displacement in the environment – this paper aims to pioneer the investigation of whether pathogenicity determinants also correlate well with MRGs. To provide probable patterns of horizontal gene transfer or incomplete lineage sorting, a species tree was initially defined.Fusariumis unanimously monophyletic from our phylogenetic analysis of 19 concatenated loci. However, saturation analysis show that most of sequences beyond the Terminal Fusarium Clade (TFC) are saturated and are likely to show erroneous phylogenetic relationships. Further analysis of tree topologies also show discordance among loci. Metal-resistance proteins (MRPs) and pathogenicity-related proteins (PRPs) were present in almost all the genomes tested. Remarkably, correlation between MRPs and PRPs amongFusariumis positive and statistically significant. Moreover, there the some of the MRPs and PRPs co-occur significantly more than chance alone. Overall, this suggests that there is a possibility that pathogenicity and metal tolerance proteins amongFusariummay co-occur.
Flexible IrOxNeural Electrode for Mouse Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Sun Tao , Tsaava Téa , Peragine Joanne , Crosfield Christine , Lopez Maria Fernanda , Modi Romil , Sharma Rohit , Li Chunyan , Sohal Harbaljit , Chang Eric H. , Rieth Loren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is being actively explored as a treatment for multiple conditions as part of bioelectronic medicine research. Reliable and safe VNS in mouse models is a critical need for understanding mechanisms of these. We report on the development and evaluation of a microfabricated cuff electrode (MouseFlex) constructed of polyimide (PI) and with iridium oxide (IrOx) electrodes that is thermoformed to 86 µm ± 12 µm radius to interface the mouse cervical vagus nerve (r ≈ 50 µm). Innovative bench-top methods were used to evaluated the stimulation stability and electrochemical properties of electrodes. Our aggressive stimulation stability (Stim-Stab) test utilized 1 billion pulses at a 1000 Hz with a current density of 6.28 A/cm2(1.51 mC/cm2/phase) to evaluate electrode lifetimes, and all electrodes remained functional. We also investigated the effects of thermoforming on their impedance, charge storage capacity (CSC), and charge injection capacity (CIC). The modest changes in electrochemical properties indicate that the thermoforming process was well tolerated. Thermoformed electrode safety and efficacy were evaluatedin-vivoby performing acute VNS in mice and monitoring their heart and respiration rate as biomarkers. Their electrochemical properties were also measured before, during and after VNS. Bradycardia and bradypnea were reliably induced at stimulation currents of 100 to 200 µA, well below thein-vivoCIC of ~1250 µA (~0.5 mC/cm2), supporting their safety and efficacy. The electrode impedance increased and CIC decreased duringin-vivouse, but largely reversed these changes inin-vitrotesting after enzymatic cleaning, supporting their tolerance for surgical use.
Border-associated macrophages mediate the neuroinflammatory response in an alpha-synuclein model of Parkinson disease
Authors: Schonhoff AM , Figge DA , Williams GP , Jurkuvenaite AJ , Gallups NJ , Childers GM , Webster JM , Standaert DG , Goldman JE , Harms AS 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDopaminergic cell loss due to the accumulation of α-syn is a core feature of PD pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation specifically induced by α-syn has been shown to exacerbate neurodegeneration, yet the role of CNS resident macrophages in this process remains unclear. We found that a specific subset of CNS resident macrophages, border-associated macrophages (BAMs), play an essential role in mediating α-syn related neuroinflammation due to their unique role as the antigen presenting cells necessary to initiate a CD4 T cell response. Surprisingly, the loss of MHCII antigen presentation on microglia had no effect on neuroinflammation. Furthermore, α-syn expression led to an expansion in BAM numbers and a unique damage-associated activation state. Through a combinatorial approach of single-cell RNA sequencing and depletion experiments, we found that BAMs played an essential role in immune cell recruitment, infiltration, and antigen presentation. Furthermore, BAMs were identified in post-mortem PD brain in close proximity to T cells. These results point to a critical role for BAMs in mediating PD pathogenesis through their essential role in the orchestration of the α-syn-mediated neuroinflammatory response.
A human DCC variant causing mirror movement disorder reveals an essential role for the Wave regulatory complex in Netrin/DCC signaling
Authors: Chaudhari Karina , Zhang Kaiyue , Yam Patricia T. , Zang Yixin , Kramer Daniel A. , Schlienger Sabrina , Calabretta Sara , Collins Meagan , Srour Myriam , Chen Baoyu , Charron Frédéric , Bashaw Greg J. 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe axon guidance cue, Netrin-1, signals through its receptor DCC to attract commissural axons to the midline. Pathogenic variants in DCC frequently lead to congenital mirror movements (CMM), but how these variants impact DCC function is largely unknown. Screening ofDCCin individuals with CMM recently revealed a novel variant located in a conserved motif in the cytoplasmic tail of DCC that is predicted to bind to a central actin nucleation promoting factor, the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC). Here, we use biochemical and axon guidance assays to show that this CMM-associated DCC variant is pathogenic by disrupting the interaction between DCC and the WRC. This DCC-WRC interaction is evolutionarily conserved and is required for Netrin-1 mediated commissural axon outgrowth and guidance. Together, we identify the WRC as a pivotal component of Netrin-1/DCC signaling and further provide a molecular mechanism explaining how genetic variants in DCC may lead to CMM.