bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient thermal modeling and performance analysis of photovoltaic panels
Authors: Yigit Abdulvahap , Arslanoglu Nurullah , Gul Hakan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotovoltaic technology enables the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. Model studies have a very crucial place in the implementation of PV systems. Electrical efficiency decreases with increasing PV panel temperature. So, solar panel temperature is an important parameter that needs to be reduced to obtain a better energy efficiency from PV panels. In this study, the aim is to develop a simple method that can estimate the temperature of a solar panel. It can utilize different methods to obtain the thermal responses of a PV panel. In this study, a modeling study was carried out to find panel temperature, efficiency and power values under transient ambient conditions. As a simpler approach, “lumped system analysis” method was used. The model developed in this study can simulate the thermal performance of the PV panel under transient conditions. After the model is defined for a particular PV panel, the required inputs are; total incident solar radiation, wind speed and ambient temperature. The results obtained from this model were compared with existing modeling and experimental studies in the literature. With the simulation using the model developed in this study, panel efficiency, temperature and panel electricity power were calculated using instantaneous environmental data for the selected Konya and Sanliurfa (Turkey) regions. In this paper, it was obtained that the wind speed increased the PV panel efficiency, while the ambient temperature decreased it. Depending on the increase in wind speed (1–2 m/s), the increase in PV panel electric power is 3.7%, while the increase in high wind speeds (5–6 m/s) decreases to 0.77%. It was found that a 7°C increase in ambient temperature caused a 4°C increase in PV panel temperature and a 1.5% decrease in PV electrical power generation.The PV panel electrical power values calculated using the efficiency values calculated according to the daily average environmental temperatures were found to be 13% higher than the power values calculated using instantaneous environmental temperatures. If this difference is not taken into account in the calculation of economic payback periods, it will lead to significant erroneous results. The importance of transient simulations of the PV panel has been demonstrated by the calculations.
Effect of Albumin and Tryptone as environmental‐friendly additives on methane hydrate formation rate: Efficacy of a protein on promotion or inhibition of hydrate growth
Authors: Atakoohi Sina Ebrahim , Sanatgar Shadi Mollashahi , Peyvandi Kiana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to introduce a new edible additive to improve the kinetics of methane hydrate formation. Thus, experiments were performed on some proteins as new additives with successful applications. The effects of chicken egg white Albumin (CEWA), bovine serum Albumin (BSA), and Peptone from Casein (Tryptone) were investigated on the methane hydrate formation at an isothermal condition. The results indicated that CEWA and BSA while having a negligible foaming amount, promoted the hydrate formation rate and reduced the induction time. At best, CEWA at 0.2 wt% and BSA at 0.4 wt% increased the rate of hydrate formation by 116%, and 112%, respectively. Tryptone's effect was completely different and acted as an inhibitor for the methane hydrate formation and increased the reaction time by 142% at the concentration of 0.4 wt%. The results lead us to understand that the structure and properties of a protein can directly affect its function and make it an inhibitor or a promoter for gas hydrate. The experiments indicated that Albumins and Tryptone are promising as eco‐friendly and nontoxic substances and could be used for further investigations.
Experimental optimization of replacing R22 with R417A without any other changes in configuration of residential air‐conditioning systems based on energy and exergy analysis
Authors: Deymi‐Dashtebayaz Mahdi , Farahnak Mehdi , Tayyeban Edris , Moraffa Mojtaba , Rahbari Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal refrigerant mass charge amount of R417A, as a substitute for R22, was experimentally investigated in a split‐type air‐conditioner with no changes in system configuration. Experiments were conducted for both refrigerants over a range of mass charge from 500 to 850 g in a 12,000 Btuh−1 split air‐conditioner as the case study which is a conventional refrigeration system in residential sector of Iran. In order to study the effect of refrigerant mass charge on performance of refrigeration cycle, energy and exergy analysis were performed to determine cooling capacity, energy efficiency ratio (EER) and exergy efficiency. Results showed that the maximum EER for R22 and R417A are 2.48 and 2.41, and the maximum exergy efficiencies obtained for R22 and R417A are around 7.3% and 7%, respectively. Based on both EER and exergy efficiency, the optimum mass charge for R22 and R417A refrigerants are around 640 g and 650 g, respectively. In addition, it was found that under optimal charge conditions, the cooling capacity, EER and exergy efficiency of the system while working with R417A are lower than R22, just by 2.5%, 3%, and 4.5% respectively. Comparison results indicate that R417A can be considered as a suitable substitute for R22, which can almost provide the same performance without need to change the system components.
Guidelines for in vitro simulated digestion and absorption of food
Authors: Xin Meili , Zhao Min , Tian Jinlong , Li Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of people's living standards, food intake, bioactivity, and bioavailability have mainly concerned people. Therefore, the digestion and absorption of this kind of food have attracted people's attention. Some food has very high nutritional, medicinal, and medical value. However, because of its low conversion rate and utilization rate, the human body digests and absorbs less material, so the use of human value will be significantly reduced. Therefore, simulation and testing of digestion and absorption in vitro may be significant for dietary intake of bioactive substances. This paper reviews the organs and pathways of simulated food digestion and absorption in vitro and specific processing methods. In an in the vitro simulation system, the role of the human digestive system and absorption system in food digestion and absorption is described, and the performance of various simulation models, exceptionally dynamic in vitro models, is compared. Widespread use and refinement of these models will expand our understanding of the complex interplay of food substrates and digestive and absorptive systems. Therefore, it will be possible to design food with better bioavailability, more benefits to human health, and more targeted delivery, which is also in line with the development trend of food in the future.
A Collaborative Journey towards the Late‐Stage Functionalization of Added‐Value Chemicals Using Engineered Halogenases
Authors: Büchler Johannes , Hegarty Eimear , Schroer Kirsten , Snajdrova Radka , Turner Nicholas J. , Loiseleur Olivier , Buller Rebecca , Le Chapelain Camille 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 2017, two companies, Novartis AG and Syngenta AG, joined forces with the group of Prof. Buller, head of the Competence Center for Biocatalysis (CCBIO), to tackle the challenge of enzymatic late‐stage halogenation. This biocatalytic method was considered to provide a more sustainable approach to late‐stage halogenation of complex molecules than traditional synthetic approaches. Using machine‐learning guided protein engineering, α‐ketoglutarate dependent halogenases were evolved into versatile catalysts capable of selectively chlorinating inactivated C−H bonds. Structurally diverse molecules, namely an analogue of martinelline as well as two members of the soraphen natural product family, were enzymatically chlorinated at two distinct positions in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner, thus demonstrating the synthetic usefulness of such a strategy. As part of our three‐year collaboration, flavin‐dependent halogenases were also studied.
Time to recovery from malnutrition and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus positive children treated with ready‐to‐use therapeutic food in low resource setting area: A retrospective follow‐up study
Authors: Zegeye Martha kassahun , Belew Aysheshim kassahun , Aserese Addisalem Damtie , Daba Derese Bekele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimMalnutrition is a serious public health issue and a frequent impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which raises the risk of morbidity and mortality in affected people. Despite the World Health Organization's (WHO) support for the use of ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTF) to treat malnutrition, research on the length of time it takes for children with HIV infection to recover from malnutrition and the factors that predict it is lacking, particularly Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution‐based retrospective follow‐up study was carried out in the Amhara regional state referral hospitals in Northern Ethiopia. From 2013 to 2018, a total of 478 children who received RUTF treatments were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. To calculate the likelihood of recovery and the median recovery period, incidence and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed. The Cox regression model was used to identify predictors of time to recovery from malnutrition. The multivariable model only included variables with apvalue below 0.2. While factors were deemed to be substantially linked with the outcome variable if theirpvalue was less than 0.05.ResultsThe median recovery duration was 5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4–5 months), and the nutritional recovery rate was 64.64% (95% CI = 60.2–68.9). Moderate acute malnutrition (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 4.60, 95% [CI] = 2.85–7.43), WHO clinical stage I (AHR = 4.01, 95% CI = 1.37–11.77), absence of opportunistic infection (AHR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.19–2.61), haemoglobin (Hgb) count above the threshold (AHR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01–1.85) and family size of 1–3 (AHR = 2.38, 95% CI = 2.38–5.00) were significantly linked to rapid recovery from malnutrition.ConclusionIn comparison to the period specified by the national guideline (3 months for moderate and 6 months for severe acute malnutrition), the median time to recovery was lengthy. Acute malnutrition, clinical stage, opportunistic infection, Hgb count, and family size were statistically associated with early recovery from malnutrition.
Evaluation of depression, stress, and anxiety among women with subfertility during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study in Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Afshari Poorandokht , Abedi Parvin , Sarizadeh Reihaneh , Maniati Mahmoud 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSome studies have shown that the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression have increased among subfertile women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study was designed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among subfertile women during the COVID‐19 pandemic in southwest Iran.MethodThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 190 subfertile women from two infertility centers (Imam Khomeini and Jihad) in Ahvaz, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, and the depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS‐21) were used to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress of subfertile women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data collection started in August 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Mean ± SD or N (%), and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.ResultResults showed that most women experienced moderate depression, anxiety, and stress. However, the percentage of women who experienced very severe anxiety was more than that for depression and stress, and 75 (39.5%) of women had all three disorders together. Anxiety was 0.176 units lower in women who were not affected by COVID‐19 (95% CI: −5.781 to −0.629). The depression was 0.216 units lower in women with good and moderate economic status (95% CI: −5.603 to −1.178).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that most studied women experienced moderate depression, anxiety, and stress, but the percentages of very severe anxiety were more than that for depression and stress. Poor economic status was also a strong predictor of depression among subfertile women. Infection with COVID‐19 increased the level of anxiety. Careful evaluation of subfertile women for mental health is recommended especially during crises such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Overview of clinical practice guideline development, application to pharmacy practice, and roles for pharmacists
Authors: Dixon Dave L. , Harris Ila M. , Aljadeed Raniah , Anderson Keri C. , Aycock Anna , Beavers Craig , Beckman Elizabeth J. , Isaacs Diana , McCoy Emily , Sandler Anna , Saseen Joseph J. , Singh Shivali , Wagner Jamie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAll health care professionals have a responsibility to integrate current evidence‐based medicine into their clinical practice to ensure the best possible patient care. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) play a major role in helping clinicians identify when and how to implement evidence into routine clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. The primary intent of CPGs is to benefit patients by improving the quality of care; however, CPGs also improve efficiency and effectiveness within the health care system. The process used to develop CPGs is important to ensure the recommendations are trustworthy, based on the highest‐quality evidence, and free of significant conflicts of interest. The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) published guidance on best practices for developing CPGs in 1990 and again in 2011. Additional guidance is provided by various reporting checklists for CPGs, such as the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) instruments. However, analyses of published CPGs show inconsistent application of these best practices. This paper discusses the benefits of CPGs, reviews the guideline development process, discusses limitations in this process and in applying CPGs to patient care, identifies opportunities for improvement, provides considerations for educating learners and other health care professionals about CPGs, and examines the role of pharmacists in CPG development, dissemination, and implementation.
Barriers to the use of exposure therapy by psychologists treating anxiety, obsessive‐compuslive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder in an Australian sample
Authors: Moses Karen , Gonsalvez Craig J. , Meade Tanya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacground: Exposure therapy is a core component of the evidence‐based treatment of anxiety, obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this, many clinicians fail to use exposure therapy in clinical practice, with research highlighting a number of potential barriers. Those findings raise serious concerns regarding the effective dissemination and delivery of evidence‐based treatments that in turn have a major impact on client care and cost‐effectiveness of psychological interventions.Aims: The present study aims to examine barriers to the use of exposure therapy in the clinical practice of Australian psychologists treating anxiety, OCD and PTSD.Method: One hundred registered psychologists, aged between 23 and 71 years and 84% female, participated in this study via online survey.Results: Results suggest that the most common barriers to the use of exposure therapy include lack of confidence, negative beliefs about exposure therapy, insufficient underpinning theoretical knowledge, client‐specific barriers, and logistical limitations.Conclusions: Future research may further examine those barriers and the components of additional training and supervision that can increase the uptake of exposure therapy, particularly in clinical areas where it is a gold standard of practice.
Age‐specific and sex‐specific associations of visceral adipose tissue mass and fat‐to‐muscle mass ratio with risk of mortality
Authors: Yu Bowei , Sun Ying , Du Xinyue , Zhang Haojie , Chen Chi , Tan Xiao , Yang Zhongyi , Lu Yingli , Wang Ningjian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited studies have explored the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and fat‐to‐muscle mass ratio (FMR) and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the sex‐specific association of VAT and FMR with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality by age.MethodsA total of 438 896 participants (49.8% men, mean age ± standard deviation: 57 ± 8 years for men; 56 ± 8 years for women) were included from the UK Biobank cohort. The nature of VAT was predictive, as obtained by sex‐stratified, non‐linear prediction models. Fat and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. FMR was calculated as the fat mass divided by the muscle mass in the whole body. VAT and FMRs were divided into quintiles in ascending order, and the 3rd quintile was used as the reference. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between VAT, FMR and mortality.ResultsDuring a median of 12.4 years of follow‐up, we documented 29 903 deaths. After adjusting for various covariates, the individuals in the highest quintiles of VAT and FMR had the highest hazard ratios (HRs) of all‐cause mortality [1.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.33) for VAT and 1.24 (1.17–1.31) for FMR in men; and 1.11 (1.03–1.21) for VAT in women], except that the 1st quintile of FMR in women had the greatest HR [1.18 (1.09–1.27)]. Significant interactions were observed in both sexes according to age category (P for interaction < 0.05). Among men <50 years, participants in the 1st and 5th quintiles of VAT and FMR had significantly higher risks of mortality [1.30 (1.02–1.66) and 1.67 (1.27–2.19) in VAT; 1.25 (0.99–1.56) and 1.41 (1.11–1.79) in FMR, respectively]; in women, this phenomenon was observed in the ≥60 age group [1.16 (1.06–1.27) and 1.19 (1.08–1.31) in VAT; 1.18 (1.08–1.29) and 1.11 (1.01–1.22) in FMR, respectively]. VAT showed a linear positive association with mortality in women <60 years and a J‐shaped association from respiratory disease in both sexes ≥60 years. FMR showed a linear positive association with mortality from cancer in men <60 years and a J‐shaped association with mortality from cause‐specific mortality in both sexes ≥60 years, except for mortality from cardiovascular disease in men.ConclusionsMost associations of VAT and FMR with all‐cause mortality were J‐shaped and were significantly modified by age status (<50, 50–59 and ≥60 years). The clinical implication is that regarding body composition and VAT mass, different health strategies may be adopted for people of different sexes and ages.
Pre‐doctoral dental students’ computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing‐related education, knowledge, attitudes and behavior: A national survey
Authors: Alhamed Farah J. , Neiva Gisele F. , Bak Sun‐Yung , Karl Elisabeta , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesComputer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology transformed the world of restorative dentistry. The objectives were to assess pre‐doctoral dental students’ CAD/CAM‐related education, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior, and to explore the relationships between the year in dental school and these constructs.MethodsA total of 358 pre‐doctoral dental students from 17 of the 68 US dental schools responded to a web‐based anonymous survey.ResultsCAD/CAM‐related classroom‐based education was likely to happen in lectures (87.2%) and simulated exercises as part of a class (86.9%). Faculty were most likely to provide CAD/CAM instruction (87.9%), with staff (44.8%) and dental technicians (20.2%) being engaged as well. Preclinical education included video demonstrations (81.8%), demonstrations during a lecture (76.4%) or for smaller groups of students (69.2%), hands‐on workshops (65.6%), and individual instruction (50.4%). Considering the digital workflow in clinics, 45.2% reported using intraoral scans. The more advanced the students were in their program, the more CAD/CAM knowledge (r = 0.27; p < 0.001) and knowledge about what can be fabricated with CAD/CAM technology they had (r = 0.25; p < 0.001). However, the student's satisfaction with the education about CAD/CAM did not increase over the years (r = −0.04; n.s.) and remained neutral, while their attitudes became more positive the longer they were in dental school (r = 0.13; p < 0.05). Their attitudes were quite positive, with most students considering that CAD/CAM is the future of dentistry (5 = most positive: Mean = 4.34), agreeing that they enjoyed working with CAD/CAM (Mean = 4.11) and that CAD/CAM has the potential of making them a better dentist (Mean = 4.07).ConclusionsThe majority of students in the US dental schools appreciate CAD/CAM technology, consider it to be the future of dentistry, and believe it makes them better dentists. The fact that the majority is not satisfied with their classroom‐based, preclinical and clinical CAD/CAM‐related education should therefore be a call to action to rethink dental school curricula in this content area.
Psychology and the fall of Communism: The special case of (East) Germany
Authors: Ash Mitchell G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fall of Communism is now universally agreed to be what the philosopher Hegel called a world historical event—one that few predicted but nearly everyone saw as inevitable after it happened. In the aftermath many lives—and worldviews—changed, not only, but also in the human sciences. These remarks attempt to address in a preliminary way both the impact of the fall of Communism on psychology in former East Germany (including changes in personnel and approach) and the ways in which these sciences were employed as resources for reflection on the Communist past as well as the transition to new social and political regimes.
Transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012 m in response to auxin
Authors: Cao Yapu , He Kaixiang , Li Qingqing , Chen Xin , Mo Haiying , Li Zhihao , Ji Qiaolin , Li Ganpeng , Du Gang , Yang Haiying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGastrodia elata is an achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid which obtains carbon and other nutrients from Armillaria species in its life cycle. Many researchers suggested that plant hormones, as signing molecules, play a central role in the plant–fungi interaction. In the process of Armillaria gallica 012 m cultivation, both exogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) distinctly stimulated the growth of mycelia in solid media. The differential expression genes (DEGs) of A. gallica 012 m with IAA versus blank control (BK) and IBA versus BK were investigated. The results showed that more than 80% of DEGs of the IAA group were coincident with the DEGs of the IBA group, and more than half of upregulated DEGs and most of the downregulated DEGs of the IAA group coincided with those DEGs of the IBA group. Above research implied that A. gallica 012 m could perceive IAA and IBA, and possess similar responses and signaling pathways to IAA and IBA. The overlapping differential genes of the IAA group and IBA group were analyzed by GO term, and the results showed that several DEGs identified were related to biological processes including positive regulation of the biological process and biological process. The downregulated NmrA‐like and FKBP_C genes might be benefit to the growth of mycelia. Those results can explain that exiguous IAA and IBA improved the growth of A. gallica to some extent. We speculate that IAA and IBA are signaling molecules, and regulate the expression of growth‐related genes of A. gallica 012 m by the same signaling pathway.