bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Size at Different Ages and Risk of 6 Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization and Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mariosa Daniela , Smith-Byrne Karl , Richardson Tom G , Ferrari Pietro , Gunter Marc J , Papadimitriou Nikos , Murphy Neil , Christakoudi Sofia , Tsilidis Konstantinos K , Riboli Elio , Muller David , Purdue Mark P , Chanock Stephen J , Hung Rayjean J , Amos Christopher I , O’Mara Tracy A , Amiano Pilar , Pasanisi Fabrizio , Rodriguez-Barranco Miguel , Krogh Vittorio , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Skeie Guri , Rylander Charlotta , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Aune Dagfinn , Heath Alicia K , Ward Heather A , Schulze Matthias , Bonet Catalina , Weiderpass Elisabete , Davey Smith George , Brennan Paul , Johansson Mattias 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is unclear if body weight in early life affects cancer risk independently of adult body weight. To investigate this question for 6 obesity-related cancers, we performed univariable and multivariable analyses using 1) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and 2) longitudinal analyses in prospective cohorts. Both the MR and longitudinal analyses indicated that larger early life body size was associated with higher risk of endometrial (odds ratioMR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.23 to 2.11) and kidney (odds ratioMR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.09 to 1.80) cancer. These associations were attenuated after accounting for adult body size in both the MR and cohort analyses. Early life body mass index (BMI) was not consistently associated with the other investigated cancers. The lack of clear independent risk associations suggests that early life BMI influences endometrial and kidney cancer risk mainly through pathways that are common with adult BMI.
Smoking Quit Rates Among Menthol vs Nonmenthol Smokers: Implications Regarding a US Ban on the Sale of Menthol Cigarettes
Authors: Munro Heather M , Shrubsole Martha J , Zheng Wei , Wen Wanqing , Blot William J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
A ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes in the United States is currently under consideration. A justification is that menthol cigarettes are harder to quit, particularly for African American smokers who use menthols much more frequently than White smokers, but epidemiologic data are limited.

Methods
In a cohort of 16 425 mostly low-income African American and White current cigarette smokers enrolled during 2002-2009, we computed smoking quit and reuptake rates at 3 follow-ups conducted means of 4.6, 7.7, and 11 years after entry. Generalized estimation equations were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quitting and resuming smoking for menthol vs nonmenthol smokers adjusted for race, age, education, income, and smoking pack-years.

Results
Crude annual quit rates among current smokers were 4.3% for menthol and 4.5% for nonmenthol smokers, with adjusted odds ratios of quitting for menthol vs nonmenthol smokers of 1.01 (95% CI = 0.91 to 1.11) overall, 0.99 (95% CI = 0.87 to 1.12) among African American smokers, and 1.02 (95% CI = 0.88 to 1.20) among White smokers. Crude annual smoking reuptake rates were somewhat higher among menthol smokers (8.4%) than nonmenthol smokers (7.1%), with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.19 (95% CI = 0.97 to 1.47), but net quit rates remained similar (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.13 overall; OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.86 to 1.15 among African American participants; and OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.24 among White participants).

Conclusions
This large-scale prospective survey revealed similar quit rates among menthol and nonmenthol smokers. Results contribute to policy discussions, especially if, as a meta-analysis suggests, lung cancer risk is higher for nonmenthol smokers and a ban leads menthol smokers to switch to nonmenthol cigarettes.
Advancing Predictability via a Judicialized Investment Court? A Fresh Look Through the Lens of Constructivism
Authors: Yu Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It has long been debated whether a multilateral court with an appellate mechanism should be established to reinforce the doctrine of precedent and improve the predictability of international investment law. Predictability is widely considered a fundamental canon of law. This article, however, cautions that the pursuit of predictability must be examined against the broader institutional context of investment law. To this end, it canvasses the issue through the lens of International Relations constructivist theory that highlights shared understandings as an essential precondition for legitimate law-making. It further conducts case study of the evolution of international trade law, which serves not only as empirical support for the constructivist framework but also a benchmark for comparative study between the two regimes. It argues that, as currently the investment law regime lacks foundational shared understandings regarding investment protection obligations, entrusting a judicialized court to advance predictability may cause the problem of ‘over-institutionalization’.
Psychosocial Intervention Outcomes for Children with Congenital and Neonatal Conditions: Systematic Review
Authors: Lamond Bronwyn , Roberts Samantha D , Miller Steven P , Wade Shari L , Williams Tricia S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

There has been a historic lack of psychosocially geared treatment studies for congenital and neonatal conditions that impact brain development, despite well-established knowledge that these conditions impact cognitive development, quality of life (QoL), mental health, and academic success.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the research literature focusing on the effects of interventions in psychosocially geared programs for children with neonatal brain injury on school and psychological outcomes.

Methods
Psychosocially geared programs broadly refer to interventions to improve parenting and school functioning, or child behavior, as well as other interventions that have a psychological component but may be more physically oriented, such as goal-directed physiotherapy. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase was completed between June and July 2020. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB-2).

Results and Conclusion
Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated adequate risk of bias (i.e., low risk of bias or some concerns). The studies included family (n = 2), parenting (n = 7), and child (n = 10) interventions. There is some evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children with neonatal brain injury and their families on academic outcomes, behavior, and QoL, indicated by positive intervention effects in 65% (n = 13) of studies.
Phytochemicals in traditional Chinese medicine can treat gout by regulating intestinal flora through inactivating NLRP3 and inhibiting XOD activity
Authors: Liu Zi-Qi , Sun Xue , Liu Zi-Bo , Zhang Ting , Zhang Li-Lin , Wu Chun-Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Gout is a common disease caused by hyperglycemia. Traditional drugs for gout have both good therapeutic effects and serious side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the potential sources of modern medicine, and is the development of new drugs for many diseases, including gout. TCM is an indispensable part of gout treatment. Compared with anti-gout medication commonly used in clinic (e.g. the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol and febuxostat), traditional Chinese medicine has fewer side effects in the treatment of gout and can safely control serum uric acid and the level of inflammation. However, there have been few studies on how traditional Chinese medicine controls uric acid and inflammation levels in patients with gout.

Key findings
Herbs are a valuable resource in the search for new drugs to treat many diseases, including gout. Phytochemicals in TCM treatment of gout mainly includes two aspects, anti-inflammatory and reducing uric acid content. The anti-inflammatory mechanism is mainly through the inactivation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce the inflammatory response induced by uric acid crystals. The mechanism of lowering uric acid is mainly through inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase and up-regulating the expression of URAT1 and GLUT9.In recent years, the intestinal flora has become a new field of understanding diseases. It has been observed that the occurrence of gout is closely related to changes in the intestinal flora. Herbaceous plants contain fiber, polyphenols, polysaccharides and other active components. When taken orally, Chinese herbs act like prebiotics. After traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the abundance levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes and Prevotella were increased, while the abundance of Proteus and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were decreased. Changes in the intestinal flora led to further changes in its metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which ultimately down-regulate the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, up-regulate GLUT9 and URAT1 gene expression and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Destruction of the intestinal barrier is also an important factor in the occurrence of gout. Disruption of the intestinal barrier allows LPS to enter the bloodstream and activates the expression of various inflammatory factors, which causes gout.
Anti-histamine effects of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate on lung fibroblasts, implicating its therapeutic mechanism for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Huang Wenwen , Zhou Xiaoying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the possible anti-histamine effects of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a dipotassium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, on histamine-mediated lung fibroblast activation, differentiation and proliferation; to investigate the potential and underlying mechanisms for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) treatment.

Methods
Rat primary lung fibroblasts were extracted to establish cell models; histamine, DG and loratadine (LTD, a histamine receptor antagonist) were applied. Cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle were explored; intracellular signal proteins were detected; mitochondrial membrane potential was examined.

Key findings
The anti-histamine effects of DG were found in a similar pattern of LTD on lung fibroblasts. DG inhibited histamine-induced cell activation, proliferation and migration; DG altered histamine-mediated mitochondrial membrane potentials. DG reduced the histamine-induced PAR-2 (a tryptase receptor) expression to impair mast cell tryptase co-working. Histamine-induced expressions of MMP-2, FAK, TNF-α, P38, iNOS were decreased by DG, while Bax and caspase-3, P53 were increased by DG against histamine effects. Histamine drove cells from G0/G1 to S phases, whereas DG rested cells by inhibiting G0/G1 and G2/M phases.

Conclusions
This study provided the evidences that DG can inhibit histamine-induced effects on lung fibroblasts and promote apoptosis of abnormally activated lung fibroblasts, implicating its potential therapeutic mechanisms against PF development, also for those histamine-related diseases.
(Re-)Construction of Identity and Belonging after Forced Migration: A Sociology of Knowledge Approach
Authors: Mijić Ana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study uses a sociology of knowledge perspective to analyse how former Bosnian refugees in Austria have integrated the experiences of ethnicized war and forced migration into their lives over the past three decades. The objective hermeneutical analysis of narrative interviews with Bosnian-Austrians reveals significant differences between former child refugees and those who experienced war and migration as adolescents. From a sociology of knowledge perspective, these differences can be attributed to varying ‘stratifications of experience’: The central crisis in the adolescents’ lives was triggered by experiencing the destruction of their Yugoslavian life-world, which significantly eroded their trust in their social reality’s stability and in their belonging. The former child refugees, however, particularly struggle with their double marginalization. While the former typically manage this crisis through an exaggerated adherence to the ideal of personal performance, the latter draw on collective imaginations of ethnic/national affiliation and try to comply with them.
Instrumentation failure during microlaryngoscopy
Authors: van den Berg Nadia , Corbett Mel , Cleere Eoin , Keogh Ivan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Equipment failure can be a cause of morbidity during surgical procedures. We present two cases where a broken surgical instrument, a heart-shaped curved micro-grasper, colloquially termed ‘sweetheart’ micro-forceps, compromised patient safety during microlaryngoscopy. We discuss the importance of thorough safety protocols and communication between team members to mitigate this risk. Microinstruments used during microlaryngoscopy are at risk of failure or breakage due to their small size. Surgeons must be alert to the risk of equipment failure during surgery as a potential cause of patient morbidity. In our patient, loss of the broken instrument in the respiratory tract could have resulted in iatrogenic aspiration, respiratory infection and would have necessitated rigid bronchoscopy for removal. Instruments and equipment must checked and communicated by the surgical team before and after use to prevent potential patient morbidity.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of ochronotic arthropathy
Authors: Butterfield Brian P , Garver Thomas H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ochronotic arthropathy is a chronic manifestation of disease in patients with alkaptonuria. Connective tissue and large joint spaces accumulate discolored homogentisic acid aggregates, resulting in joint degeneration of the axial and appendicular skeleton. One case of right shoulder ochronotic osteoarthritis treated with joint replacement is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first reported surgical intervention of ochronotic arthropathy using the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty technique.
Molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy release by gas plasma-activated water technology
Authors: Grainge Giles , Nakabayashi Kazumi , Steinbrecher Tina , Kennedy Sue , Ren Junchen , Iza Felipe , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Developing innovative agri-technologies is essential for the sustainable intensification of global food production. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait which defines the environmental conditions in which the seed is able to germinate. Dormancy release requires sensing and integration of multiple environmental signals, a complex process which may be mimicked by seed treatment technologies. Here, we reveal molecular mechanisms by which non-thermal (cold) atmospheric gas plasma-activated water (GPAW) releases the physiological seed dormancy of Arabidopsis thaliana. GPAW triggered dormancy release by synergistic interaction between plasma-generated reactive chemical species (NO3–, H2O2, ·NO, and ·OH) and multiple signalling pathways targeting gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and the expression of downstream cell wall-remodelling genes. Direct chemical action of GPAW on cell walls resulted in premature biomechanical endosperm weakening. The germination responses of dormancy signalling (nlp8, prt6, and dog1) and ABA metabolism (cyp707a2) mutants varied with GPAW composition. GPAW removes seed dormancy blocks by triggering multiple molecular signalling pathways combined with direct chemical tissue weakening to permit seed germination. Gas plasma technologies therefore improve seed quality by mimicking permissive environments in which sensing and integration of multiple signals lead to dormancy release and germination.
Multiple caleosins have overlapping functions in oil accumulation and embryo development
Authors: Liu Xiangling , Yang Zheng , Wang Yun , Shen Yue , Jia Qingli , Zhao Cuizhu , Zhang Meng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Caleosins are lipid droplet- and endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins. To investigate their functions in oil accumulation, expression levels of caleosins in developing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were examined and four seed-expressed caleosins (CLO1, CLO2, CLO4, and CLO6) were identified. The four single mutants showed similar minor changes of fatty acid composition in seeds. Two double mutants (clo1 clo2 and clo1×clo2) demonstrated distinct changes of fatty acid composition, a 16–23% decrease of oil content, and a 10–13% decrease of seed weight. Moreover, a 40% decrease of oil content, further fatty acid changes, and misshapen membranes of smaller lipid droplets were found in seeds of quadruple CLO RNAi lines. Notably, ~40% of quadruple CLO RNAi T1 seeds failed to germinate, and deformed embryos and seedlings were also observed. Complementation experiments showed that CLO1 rescued the phenotype of clo1 clo2. Overexpression of CLO1 in seedlings and BY2 cells increased triacylglycerol content up to 73.6%. Transcriptome analysis of clo1 clo2 developing seeds showed that expression levels of some genes related to lipid, embryo development, calcium signaling, and stress responses were affected. Together, these results suggest that the major seed-expressed caleosins have overlapping functions in oil accumulation and show pleiotropic effects on embryo development.
Phytomelatonin and gasotransmitters: a crucial combination for plant physiological functions
Authors: Wang Yueqiao , Cheng Pengfei , Zhao Gan , Li Longna , Shen Wenbiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMelatonin, a molecule that was first identified in animal tissues, has been confirmed to be involved as a potential phytohormone in a variety of plant physiological responses. It is considered primarily as an antioxidant with important actions in controlling reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. In addition to its role in regulating plant growth and development, phytomelatonin is involved in protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. The ‘gasotransmitter’—that is, a gaseous signaling molecule—is a new concept that has been advanced in the past two decades, with functions in animal and plant physiological regulation. Gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and, more recently identified, hydrogen gas are critical and indispensable in a wide range of biological processes. This review investigates the interrelationship between phytomelatonin and the above-mentioned gasotransmitters from the perspective of biosynthetic origin and functions. Moreover, the potential future research directions for phytomelatonin and gasotransmitters interactions are discussed.
Highly Sensitive Serum miRNA Panel for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients with HCV-Related HCC
Authors: Yosry Ayman , Zayed Naglaa , Dawood Reham M , Ibrahim Marwa K , Elsharkawy Marwa , Ekladious Sherif M , Khairy Ahmed , Elsharkawy Aisha , Khairy Marwa , Abdel Alem Shereen , Bader El Din Noha G , El Awady Mostafa K , Abdellatif Zeinab 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed at exploring the potential role of a panel of serum micro-RNA (miRNA) markers in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods
The study included 157 chronic HCV patients and 62 HCC patients who presented to the Cairo University Center for Hepatic Fibrosis, Endemic Medicine Department, from 2015 to 2017. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected and sera were subjected to miRNA expression profiling. Eleven miRNA markers were studied and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to investigate the best cutoff values of the miRNAs that showed altered expression in HCC compared to HCV-associated advanced fibrosis.

Results
miRNA expression profiling revealed 5 miRNAs (miR-124, miR-141, miR-205, miR-208a, miR-499a) were significantly upregulated and 2 miRNAs were significantly downregulated (miR-103a, miR-15a) in HCC compared to advanced fibrosis patients. No significant difference was observed in miRNA expression between advanced fibrosis and early hepatic fibrosis apart from a significant downregulation of miR-155-5p in advanced fibrosis.

Conclusion
Serum miRNAs could serve as potential diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of HCC.
The Fear of Losing Control: The Crisis of Posen’s Orthodox Elite During the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Sariel Eliezer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The response of the Orthodox Elites in the Posen district of Poland to the acculturation process during the first half of the nineteenth century reveals both the increasing strength of this process and the depth of the crisis they perceived. The current academic discourse on the theory of Jacob Katz, who categorizes Orthodox society as a modern society because of its fear of change which led to increased resistance and stringency—as compared to the less stressed traditional society and the more lenient traditional Halacha—examines the modern characteristics of Orthodoxy. It may be claimed that the “historical laboratory” of the Posen Orthodox community offers fertile ground for future, in-depth research of the modern impact on the crystallization of Orthodoxy.
Songs Lost and Found: Katherine Philips’s ‘Pompey’s Ghost’
Authors: Cunningham John 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
First staged in Dublin in 1663, Katherine Philips’s Pompey, a translation of Corneille’s Pompée, was the first play by a woman to be performed on the British stage. It was also pathbreaking in its dramatic incorporation of entr’acte songs, which Philips newly added. This essay explores the complex afterlife of one song from the play, Pompey’s Ghost. It was her most widely disseminated text, though it largely circulated anonymously or attributed to other authors. Between 1663 and 1806 the song was set to music at least five times. One late seventeenth-century setting became popular in New England and was known there into the nineteenth century. By the late eighteenth century, through another setting, the song became identified as Scottish in origin. The tune to which Pompey’s Ghost was sung in Scotland had been thought lost but can now be identified, restoring more of the song’s complex reception history and significance.
The impact of the uncertainties in the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction rate on the evolution of low- to intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Pepper Ben T , Istrate A G , Romero A D , Kepler S O 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTOne of the largest uncertainties in stellar evolutionary computations is the accuracy of the considered reaction rates. The 12C(α, γ)16O reaction is particularly important for the study of low- and intermediate-mass stars as it determines the final C/O ratio in the core which influences the white dwarf (WD) cooling evolution. Thus, there is a need for a study of how the computations of WDs and their progenitors that are made to date may be affected by the uncertainties of the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction rates. In this work, we compute fully evolutionary sequences using the mesa code with initial masses in the range of 0.90 ≤ Mi/M⊙ ≤ 3.05. We consider different adopted reaction rates, obtained from the literature, as well as the extreme limits within their uncertainties. As expected, we find that previous to the core helium burning (CHB) stage, there are no changes to the evolution of the stars. However, the subsequent stages are all affected by the uncertainties of the considered reaction rate. In particular, we find differences to the convective core mass during the CHB stage which may affect pulsation properties of subdwarfs, the number of thermal pulses during the asymptotic giant branch and trends between final oxygen abundance in the core and the progenitor masses of the remnant WDs.