bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untargeted Lipidomics Reveals Specific Lipid Abnormalities in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Li Zhengjun , Gu Wanjian , Qin Bin , Wang Yingzhuo , Liu Shijia , Wang Zhongqiu , Ji Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective.
To identify potential biomarkers, we used lipidomics to study the changes in serum lipids of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Methods.
Serum samples were collected from 115 patients with AS and 108 healthy controls (HCs). Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive spectrometry was used to explore the serum lipid changes and identify potential lipid biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of AS.
Results.
Lipid phenotypes associated with disease activity were detected in the serum of patients with AS, with increased levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) (18:0/18:1/20:0) and decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0e/26:4) and PC (18:1/22:6). These three lipids can be used as potential biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of AS. The diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Conclusion.
Our findings identified serum lipid biomarkers for AS and shed light on its diagnosis in the clinic.
Rapid and cost-efficient screening of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae – an assay measured by absorbance
Authors: Axelsson Carolina , Nilson Bo , Rehnstam-Holm Ann-Sofi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Due to the rise in antimicrobial resistance worldwide, it is becoming increasingly important to rapidly receive information on the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria. Traditional phenotypic methods are slow but remain useful and have advantages such as low cost, as well as being easy to perform and having established analysis criteria. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid assay that can detect antibiotic resistant bacteria phenotypically in less than 2 hours.
Methods
The microplate assay is based on absorbance measurements of bacterial strains grown in liquid media with and without antibiotics (cefotaxime, meropenem and ciprofloxacin). The absorbance was measured at the beginning of the assay, and after 90 minutes of incubation. If a bacterial isolate in absence of antibiotic had more than a 50% growth increase after 90 minutes, then the susceptibility/resistance was calculated by comparing the absorbance value of the culture in the presence of antibiotic at 90 minutes with the initial absorbance value.
Results
Here we show that it is possible to phenotypically screen antibiotic susceptibility of both clinical and environmental Enterobacteriaceae isolates in 90 minutes for three different antibiotics. The test showed an accuracy of 98,5%, a sensitivity of 97,4%, and a specificity of 99,3%. False susceptibility rates were 0,4% and false resistance rates were 1,2%.
Conclusion
This rapid and simple absorbance test has proven suitable for screening of antibiotic susceptibility for a large number of Enterobacteriaceae strains with high accuracy and sensitivity. The method can be performed without specialized and costly materials and/or equipment, which makes it highly suitable for laboratories with limited resources and might be especially important in laboratories situated in low income countries.
Evaluation of landslide susceptibility based on VW-AHP-IV model: a case of Pengyang County, Ningxia H. A. R., China
Authors: Li Minghong , Ma Chuanming , Qiu Yang , Xiong Hanxiang , Zhang Zechen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Landslide is one of the most common and severe geological disasters, which significantly endangers people's lives and properties. Therefore, the evaluation of landslide susceptibility in a specific area is important for disaster control and mitigation. This paper selected Pengyang County as the study area. It divided the indicator state levels, and further assigned a score for each indicator according to the related information values (IV) based on the analysis of graded area ratio and landslide occurrence frequency distribution. Because the solo analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method always causes large errors during the weight determination, a variable-weight based weighted information value (VW-AHP-IV) model was applied in this paper for landslide susceptibility evaluation. The study area was classified into four grades by the natural breakpoint method: high susceptibility area (11.80%), medium susceptibility area (29.23%), low susceptibility area (42.45%) and very low susceptibility area (16.52%). In addition, this paper also discussed the influences of precipitation and human activities. According to the evaluation results and discussion, the study area was classified into three prevention and control areas: focus prevention and control area, sub-focus prevention and control area, and general prevention and control area. For each area, the corresponding prevention and control suggestions were proposed in order to reduce the occurrence of landslide disasters.
Radiative Cooling Sorbent towards High Performance All Weather Ambient Water Harvesting
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Zhang Chi , Zhang Yun , Shan Xiwei , Rao Akshay , Pitts Sarah , Woodbury Travest , Derome Dominique , Warsinger David , Mauer Lisa , Ruan Xiulin , Carmeliet Jan , Li Tian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Emerging atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technologies promise water supply to underdeveloped regions that have no access to liquid water resources. The prevailing AWH systems, including condensation- or sorption-based, mostly rely on a single mechanism and thus have a limited range of working conditions and inferior performance. In this study, we synergistically integrate multiple mechanisms, including thermosorption effect, radiative cooling, and multiscale cellulose-water interactions, and demonstrate a low-cost (~ 4 USD kg− 1) and high performance (up to 6.75 L kg− 1 day− 1 in field tests) AWH system requiring zero active energy input. The proposed system consists of a highly scalable and sustainable cellulose scaffold impregnated with hygroscopic deliquescent lithium chloride (LiCl) salt. Cellulose scaffold and coated LiCl synergistically interact with water at different scales from molecular, to nanometer, and micrometer scales, providing a fast harvesting rate and high yield over a wide operation range. Iterating radiative cooling and solar heating workflow achieves simultaneous enhancement of water capture and release through the so-called temperature-swing strategy. The captured water in return facilitates radiative cooling due to the intrinsically high infrared (IR) emissivity of the LiCl-cellulose composite. With our simple yet effective material design, the AWH working range extends to lower than ~ 10% relative humidity (RH), and the water uptake in the controlled lab test reaches 16 kg kg− 1 at 90% RH (sample at 19°C, i.e. 6°C below 25°C ambient temperature). In addition, we propose a theoretical model capable of elucidating the experimental water uptake curves and demonstrating the synergy among cellulose-LiCl-water-energy interaction. The promising performance emphasizes the potential of involving multiple AWH mechanisms and points to an alternative pathway to stimulate future improvement.
A Retrospective study on patients with intestinal fistula and management in Damascus hospital between 2015-2022
Authors: Alkurdi Khalil , Aljalloud Ramez , A.Kadri Saeed , Albakri Ezat , Jeha Mohamad , Alomar AbdAlkarim , M.A.Kubtan  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Intestinal fistula is an irregular opening that enables the contents to flow out. Surgical procedures, diverticular illness, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, radiation, and injury from trauma or foreign bodies are all common causes of intestinal fistulas.
Aims
The goal is to see if smoking is a risk factor for relapsing in patients with intestinal fistula, as well as to learn more about the most common cause of perianal abscess or fistula, which will provide us with more information about risk factors that can be avoided and early diagnostic investigations that will help us detect the disease early and limit its progression.
Methods
Patients who presented to Damascus Hospital with complaints of intestinal fistula symptoms and were diagnosed and treated in the general surgery and gastroenterology divisions between 2015 and 2022 and met admission requirements were included in the retrospective analysis.
Results
Out of 104 cases of fistula, the average age was 34.96, with a male-to-female ratio of 67–33%. The overall percentage of smokers in the sample is 59%, and the pathological history includes 43 cases of Crohn's Disease and eight cases of colon cancer. A history of surgery was found in 63% of the participants. Surgical treatment was used on 53% of the fistulas, whereas conservative treatment was used on 47%. The proportion of patients who relapsed was 77% in smokers and 31% in nonsmokers, with a statistically significant difference. In addition, when we looked at the occurrence of perianal abscess or fistula in patients with Crohn's disease, we discovered that 96 percent of patients with perianal fistula have Crohn's disease, indicating a statistically significant relationship between these two conditions.
Conclusion
Smoking and Crohn's disease have a statistically significant relationship with relapsing and the development of a perianal abscess or fistula.
Clinical efficacy of a systematic lung-protective protocol for COVID-19 pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihiko , Utsumi Shu , Fujizuka Kenji , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ushio Noritaka , Amemiya Yu , Nakamura Mitsunobu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The benefits of introducing a systematic lung-protective protocol for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia and who require invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) are unknown. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of introducing such a protocol in the context of mortality, duration of ventilation, and length of ICU stay.
Methods
In this single-center, retrospective, quality comparison study, we identified patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who received invasive ventilation in our ICU between February 2020 and October 2021. We established a systematic lung-protective protocol for the pre-introduction group until March 2021 and the post-introduction group after April 2021. Patients who did not receive invasive ventilation and who underwent veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a referring hospital were excluded. We collected patient characteristics at the time of ICU admission, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Murray score. The study outcomes were ICU mortality, length of ICU stay, and duration of ventilation.
Results
The pre-introduction and post-introduction groups included 18 and 50 patients, respectively. No significant differences were observed in sex, BMI, SOFA score, APACHE II score, and Murray score; however, age was lower in the post-introduction group (70 vs. 56, p = 0.003). The introduction of this protocol did not improve ICU mortality. However, it reduced the ICU length of stay (26 days vs. 11 days, p = 0.003) and tended to shorten the duration of ventilation (15 days vs. 10 days, p = 0.06).
Conclusions
The introduction of the protocol was associated with a decrease in the length of ICU stay and duration of ventilation; however, it did not change mortality. The application of the protocol could improve the security of medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further prospective multicentre studies are needed.
Size Effects on Process Performance and Product Quality in Progressive Microforming of Shafted Gears Revealed by Experiment and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Zheng Jun-Yuan , Liu Hui , Fu M. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As one of the indispensable actuating components in micro-systems, the shafted microgear is in great production demand. Microforming is a manufacturing process to produce microgears to meet the needs. Due to the small geometrical size, there are uncertain process performance and product quality issues in this production process. In this study, the shafted microgears were fabricated in two different scaling factors with four grain sizes using a progressively extrusion-blanking method. To explore the unknown of the process, grain-based modeling was proposed and employed to simulate the entire forming process. The results show that when the grains are large, the anisotropy of single grains has an obvious size effect on the forming behavior and process performance, the produced geometries and surface quality are worsened, and the deformation load is decreased. Five deformation zones were identified in the microstructures with different hardness and distributions of stress and strain. The simulation by using the proposed model successfully predicted the formation of zones and revealed the inhomogeneous deformation in the forming process. The undesirable geometries of microgears including material unfilling, burr and inclination were observed on the shaft and teeth of gear, and the inclination size is increased obviously with grain size. To avoid the formation of inclination and material unfilling, the punch was redesigned, and a die insert was added to constraint the bottom surface of the gear teeth. The new products had then the better forming quality.
The effect of endo-1, 4-β-xylanase from Thermomyces dupontii KKU−CLD−E2−3 on eucalyptus pulp bleaching and effluent treatment
Authors: Seemakram Wasan , Harada Hiroyuki , Ekprasert Jindarat , Boonlue Sophon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Endo-1, 4-β-xylanase-chlorine dioxide bleaching of eucalyptus pulp and analysis of effluent was investigated. The eucalyptus pulp bleaching in D0 stage was prepared with enzyme dose 100 Unit of 10% consistency and incubated at 70°C for 30 min. The brightness level was achieved up to 72.50 (% ISO). The kappa number and viscosity of eucalyptus pulp was found to be 1.70 and 8.90 (cp), respectively. The paper from pulp bleaching with enzyme has shown an increase in brightness, breaking length, bursting strength, and tearing resistance to be 89.60% IOS, 37.27 Nm/g, 138.81 kPa and 218.02 mN, respectively. The SEM and FTIR analysis of pulp fibers revealed a significance of morphological and structural changes. The analysis of the effluent also showed statistically-significant differences in TOC, BOD, TDS and TSS. The FTIR analysis of the effluent showed the organic compounds and chloride dioxin in cases of those treated by chemicals.
Computed Tomography Features and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastric Glomus Tumor
Authors: Xing Jingjing , Huang Wenpeng , Wang Fang , Chai Yaru , Gao Jianbo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric glomus tumor (GGT) is a rare neoplasm that lacks diagnostic experience, it is difficult to distinguish it from other gastric submucosal tumors. The objective of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features, computed tomography (CT) features and differential diagnosis of GGT to improve the understanding of the disease.
Methods
The clinical data and CT feature of 21 patients pathologically confirmed GGT were reviewed. The clinical data and CT features of benign GGT were compared with the gastric stromal tumors (GST) (n=30) and heterotopic pancreas (n=30).
Results
21 cases included 6 males and 15 females, aged 42-64 years. The lesion was in gastric body in 4 cases and gastric antrum in 17 cases. 20 cases of GGT were diagnosed as benign, 1 case was malignant. The glomus cells of benign cases were small, uniform, and round. Obvious mitotic figures and necrosis was observed in the malignant case. The tumor cells showed positive staining for SMA. 20 benign cases showed quasi-round or round solid mass protruded to the gastric cavity, the edge was clear and smooth. The ratio of long to short diameter was 1.01±0.15. All benign cases showed obvious enhancement, including homogeneous enhancement in 10 cases and heterogenous enhancement in 10 cases, central filling enhancement was seen in 12 cases. The ratio of CT value of lesion to abdominal aorta in arterial phase and venous phase were (0.41±0.11) and (0.81±0.20), which were significantly higher than GST and heterotopic pancreas. In 1 malignant case, the long diameter was 150 mm and thick diameter was 30 mm, the irregular mass broke through the gastric wall and invaded the liver with poorly defined boundary and internal necrosis, heterogeneous persistent moderate enhancement with thickening blood supply arteries was seen.
Conclusions
GGT is rare and most commonly occurs in the gastric antrum of middle-aged and elderly women. CT enhancement usually shows persistent obvious enhancement especially in arterial phase which provide important value for the diagnosis. CT findings can be contributed to the differential diagnosis of GGT and other submucosal tumors.
Contribution of the reservoir backflow to the eutrophication of its tributary: a case study of the Xiangxi River, China
Authors: Luo Wenguang , Luo Xin , Lu Jing , Bo Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on the routine water quality monitoring data of the Xiangxi River and its main monitoring section from January 2014 to May 2016, the monthly dynamics of nutrient concentrations and fluxes were analyzed, and the relationship between the water exchange between the reservoir and the tributaries and the changes of nutrient fluxes in the river was established. The results showed that the nutrient flux in the Xiangxi bay estuary was negatively correlated with the reservoir reflux intensity, and the overall correlation coefficient was −0.52. Four nutrient indexes, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen (), and soluble phosphorus, all showed the same regularity and characteristics, among which was particularly prominent. It can be concluded that the variation of nutrient salts in the water body of the tributary bay is mainly determined by the water exchange between the reservoir and the tributary. In addition, the change of chemical oxygen demand and chlorophyll a flux in the Xiangxi Bay and water exchange in the reservoir area were analyzed. We found that changes in the hydraulic conditions of the return flow in the reservoir area can destroy the suitable flow environment necessary for the survival of algae, thus preventing the proliferation of harmful algae. Therefore, by controlling the hydrodynamic conditions between the reservoir area and the tributaries and changing the degree of water exchange between them, the objective of improving the water environment in the Xiangxi Bay can be achieved to a large extent.
Statistical assessment for performance of Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant at the year 2020
Authors: Nasir Mohsin J. , Abdulhasan Maryam Jawad , Ridha Shah zanan Abbas , Hashim Khalid S. , Jasim Hamza M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Assessment of water quality is a major step in the water industry to ensure the suitability of water for human use. In this study, statistically evaluate the quality of raw and treated drinking water of the Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant, Babylon city, Iraq, from January to December 2020. Additionally, the water quality of treated water was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards for drinking water. The results showed the plant has a good efficiency in removing the studied parameters, such as alkalinity, calcium and hardness. It is noteworthy to mention that although the measured concentrations/levels met the WHO and Iraqi standards, they were higher than the favourable limits. For example, the measured sulphate concentration in the produced water was 248 mg/L, which is higher than the favourable concentration (200 mg/L) (WHO). The statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the quality of raw and treated water (p-value &lt;0.05) in terms of turbidity, hardness, magnesium and dissolved solids concentrations, but there was no significant difference (p-value &gt;0.05) in terms of alkalinity, pH, calcium and sulphates concentrations. The results of this work could be useful for water authorities and decision-makers in Iraq and national and international environmental agencies.
A novel rainfall prediction model based on CEEMDAN-PSO-ELM coupled model
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Zhao Dong , Wang Tao , Wu Xilong , Duan Bingsen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rainfall prediction is a very important guideline for water resources management as well as ecological protection, and its changes are the result of multiple factors with obvious uncertainties and nonlinearities. Based on the advantages of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) non-smooth signal decomposition, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can be used to optimize the input weights and thresholds of the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which can effectively improve the prediction effect and accuracy of ELM, and a rainfall prediction model based on CEEMDAN-PSO-ELM is constructed. The model is applied to the monthly rainfall prediction of Zhongwei City, and the results show that the CEEMDAN-PSO-ELM coupled model has a high prediction accuracy, the mean absolute error (MAE) is 1.29, relative percentage error (RPE) is 0.45, root mean square error (RMSE) is 1.43 and the Nash efficiency coefficient (NSE) is 0.93. It has obvious advantages in hydrological simulation prediction when compared and analyzed with the deep Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), PSO-ELM coupled model and ELM model.
Recent Development in Fluorescent Probes for Copper Ion Detection
Authors: Ali Mukhtiar , Memon Najma , Mallah Manthar Ali , Channa Abdul Sami , Gaur Rashmi , Jiahai Ye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Copper is the third most common heavy metal and an indispensable component of life. Variations of body copper levels, both structural and cellular, are related to a number of disorders; consequently, the pathophysiological importance of copper ions demands the development of sensi-tivity and selection for detecting these organisms in biological systems. In recent years, the area of fluorescent sensors for detecting copper metal ions has seen revolutionary advances. Consequently, closely related fields have raised awareness of several diseases linked to copper fluctuations. Further developments in this field of analysis could pave the way for new and innovative treatments to com-bat these diseases. This review reports on recent progress in the advancement of three fields of fluo-rescent probes; chemodosimeters, near IR fluorescent probes, and ratiometric fluorescent probes. Methods used to develop these fluorescent probes and the mechanisms that govern their reaction to specific analytes and their applications in studying biological systems, are also given.
Copper(II)-catalyzed Synthesis of Benzoxazoles from Inactive 2-chloroanilides
Authors: Gao Hui , Mao Zewei , Jiang Yuan , Tang Yanling , Rao Gaoxiong 
Published: February 2022

Aim and Objective:
Benzoxazoles are of great importance in natural products, phar-maceutical agents as well as synthetic intermediates. Although many works on the construction of benzoxazoles by Cu-catalyzed intramolecular O-arylation of ortho-haloanilides have been reported, only a few reports about transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of benzoxazoles from inactive 2-chloroanilides so far. This work aimed to explore a green and cheap protocol for intramolecular O-arylation of inactive 2-chloroanilides to prepare 2-arylbenzoxazoles.

Materials and Methods:
We found that Cu(acac)2/1,10-Phen complex was beneficial to intra-molecular O-arylation of 2-chloroanilides using K2CO3 as a base in EtOH at 90 oC to prepare benzoxazoles.

Results:
An efficient and green method was developed for Cu(II)-catalyzed intramolecular O-arylation of inactive 2-chloroanilides.

Conclusion:
In this way, many 2-arylbenzoxazoles were prepared in good yields.