bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of habitual code-switching in bilingual language production on cognitive control
Authors: Han Xuran , Li Wei , Filippi Roberto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study explored how bilingual code-switching habits affect cognitive shifting and inhibition. Habitual code-switching from 31 Mandarin–English bilingual adults were collected through the Language and Social Background Questionnaire (Anderson, Mak, Keyvani Chahi & Bialystok, 2018) and the Bilingual Switching Questionnaire (Rodriguez-Fornells, Krämer, Lorenzo-Seva, Festman & Münte, 2012). All participants performed verbal and nonverbal switching tasks, including the verbal fluency task, a bilingual picture-naming and colour-shape switching task. A Go/No-go task was administered to measure the inhibitory control of participants.Frequent bilingual switchers showed higher efficiency in both English to Chinese verbal switching and nonverbal cognitive shifting. Additionally, bilinguals with intensive dense code-switching experience outperformed in the Go/No-go task. In general, the study revealed the connections between bilinguals’ intensity of single-language context experience and goal maintenance efficiency, which partially supported the Adaptive Control Hypothesis’ prediction (Green & Abutalebi, 2013). Besides, it also indicated the facilitations of bilinguals’ dense code-switching experience on their conflicts monitoring and response inhibition.
CAYLEY–ABELS GRAPHS AND INVARIANTS OF TOTALLY DISCONNECTED, LOCALLY COMPACT GROUPS
Authors: ÁRNADÓTTIR ARNBJÖRG SOFFÍA , LEDERLE WALTRAUD , MÖLLER RÖGNVALDUR G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA connected, locally finite graph$\Gamma $is a Cayley–Abels graph for a totally disconnected, locally compact groupGifGacts vertex-transitively on$\Gamma $with compact, open vertex stabilizers. Define the minimal degree ofGas the minimal degree of a Cayley–Abels graph ofG. We relate the minimal degree in various ways to the modular function, the scale function and the structure of compact open subgroups. As an application, we prove that if$T_{d}$denotes thed-regular tree, then the minimal degree of$\mathrm{Aut}(T_{d})$isdfor all$d\geq 2$.
Theorizing empirical court research: The test case of the trial of Hissène Habré
Authors: Weill Sharon , Seelinger Kim Thuy , Carlson Kerstin Bree 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to advocate for new methods of studying international law. Hissène Habré, former President of Chad, was convicted by a hybrid tribunal in Dakar. Our book on this judicial process (The President on Trial: Prosecuting Hissène Habré, Oxford University Press, 2020) develops a novel empirical format of first-person testimonials, followed by expert analyses, to trace and contextualize the decades-long story of attempts to bring Habré to justice. The empirical materials collected in our book demonstrate that the Habré trial challenges a linear distribution of power from international (global) actors to local, demonstrating rather a series of horizontal relations between the local and international. Based on this research experience, the article lays out the method we developed. It facilitates an assessment of the legal and political impact of court decisions, routines and broader bureaucratic politics through which the practices of judging are constructed. “Justice” does not speak with one voice; it is made up of multiple actors with different professional interests and personal goals. It is also impacted by power dynamics and by the structure of the institution, including by institutional routine and legal bureaucracy.
Effect of simulated synthetic auxin herbicide sprayer contamination in sweetpotato propagation beds
Authors: Batts Thomas M. , Moore Levi D. , Ippolito Stephen J. , Jennings Katherine M. , Smith Stephen C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine the effects of synthetic auxin herbicides at simulated exposure rates applied to ‘Covington’ sweetpotato propagation beds on the quality of nonrooted stem cuttings (slips). Treatments included diglycolamine salt of dicamba, 2,4-D choline plus nonionic surfactant (NIS), and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate at 1/10, 1/33, or 1/66 of a 1X application rate (560 g ae ha−1 dicamba, 1,065 g ae ha−1 2,4-D choline, 1,130 g ae ha−1 glyphosate) applied at 2 or 4 wk after first slip harvest (WASH). Injury to sweetpotato 2 wk after treatment was greatest when herbicides were applied 2 WASH (21%) compared to 4 WASH (16%). More slip injury was caused by 2,4-D choline than by dicamba, and the addition of glyphosate did not increase injury over 2,4-D choline alone. Two weeks after the second application, sweetpotato slips were cut 2 cm above the soil surface and transplanted into production fields. In 2019, sweetpotato ground coverage 8 wk after transplanting was reduced 37% and 26% by the 1/10X rates of dicamba and 2,4-D choline plus NIS, respectively. Though dicamba caused less injury to propagation beds than 2,4-D choline with or without glyphosate, after transplanting, slips treated with 1/10X dicamba did not recover as quickly as those treated with 2,4-D choline. In 2020, sweetpotato ground coverage was 90% or greater for all treatments. Dicamba applied 2 WASH decreased marketable sweetpotato storage root yield by 59% compared to the nontreated check, whereas treatments including 2,4-D choline reduced marketable yield 22% to 29%. All herbicides applied at 4 WASH reduced marketable yield 31% to 36%. The addition of glyphosate to 2,4-D choline did not increase sweetpotato yield. Results indicate that caution should be taken when deciding whether to transplant sweetpotato slips that are suspected to have been exposed to dicamba or 2,4-D choline.
Tolerance of plasticulture strawberry to 2,4-D choline applied to row middles
Authors: Sims Kira C. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Jordan David L. , Hoffmann Mark , Mitchem Wayne E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractField studies in strawberry grown on polyethylene-mulched raised beds were conducted from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 in Clayton, NC, to determine ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’ strawberry tolerance to 2,4-D directed to the row middle between beds. Treatments included 2,4-D at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ae ha−1 applied alone and sequential treatments (0.53 followed by [fb] 0.53 or 1.06 fb 1.06 kg ae ha−1). Initial treatments were applied in winter (December 2018 or January 2020) during vegetative growth, and sequential applications were applied in spring (April 2019 or March 2020) during reproductive growth. No differences among treatments were observed for visual foliage injury, strawberry crop canopy, fruit yield, and fruit quality (pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solid content).
The Relationship Between the Inner‐Core Size and the Rainfall Distribution in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Over China
Authors: Yu Zifeng , Wang Yuqing , Yu Hui , Duan Yihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tropical cyclone (TC) size is a crucial parameter in determining the destructiveness of a TC, but the relationship between the inner‐core size and rainfall distribution in landfalling TCs is little known. This study presents an observational analysis of the relationship between the radius of maximum wind (RMW) and the rainfall in landfalling TCs over China during 2001–2020. It is found that small TCs have higher rainrate with higher axisymmetry than large TCs. Though both small and large TCs have rainfall within a radius of 5° latitudes, the rainfall occurs up to 10 times of the RMW in small TCs compared to within 5 times of the RMW in large TCs. Small TCs have a 6‐hr delayed rainfall decrease compared to large TCs near the landfall. Higher TC intensity may partly contribute to higher rainrate during landfall in smaller TCs than in larger TCs.
Evaluating an Ice Crystal Trajectory Growth (ICTG) Model on a Quasi‐Idealized Simulation of a Squall Line
Authors: Laurencin Chelsey N. , Didlake Anthony C. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Jensen Anders A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA major challenge in numerical weather prediction models is the ability to accurately simulate the microphysical properties and growth of ice hydrometeors in clouds. Eulerian bulk microphysics schemes in these models tend to obscure the properties and evolution of individual ice crystals, often resulting in inaccurate simulations of storm structures. To address this issue, this study presents a novel ice crystal trajectory growth (ICTG) model that simultaneously grows and advects individual ice crystals while tracking their evolving properties along their trajectories. The model is evaluated on a 3D quasi‐idealized leading‐convective, trailing‐stratiform squall line simulation. The ICTG model successfully produced a spatial distribution of ice crystal trajectories consistent with the simulated reflectivity structure of the storm above the melting level. Smaller initialized crystals (d ≤ 0.1 mm) were largely transported to the anvil and the trailing stratiform region. One primary trajectory involved sustained growth in the stratiform mesoscale updraft for ∼1.5 hr, resulting in a density reduction down to 600 kg m−3, a final particle size greater than 0.9 mm, and potential branching. In contrast, larger initialized crystals (d ≥ 0.5 mm) collected more rime and fell out primarily in the leading convective line. The ICTG model's realistic production of varied crystal growth properties owing to differences in transport and initial size suggests that it can be a valuable tool for learning about ice microphysical processes in a variety of cold cloud systems.
ULF Wave‐Induced Ion Pitch Angle Evolution in the Dayside Outer Magnetosphere
Authors: Li Xing‐Yu , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Fu Sui‐Yan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Hao Yi‐Xin , Pollock Craig J. , Russell Christopher T. , Ergun Robert E. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrift‐bounce resonance between ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and ions is essential for ion energization in the magnetosphere. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of drift‐bounce resonance in the dayside outer magnetosphere, where off‐equatorial magnetic field minima would strongly distort ions' bounce and drift motion. A generalized theory is proposed, in which the effects of off‐equatorial minima, time‐evolving fields and ion bounce motion are taken into account. In consequence of these effects, ion pitch angle distributions undergo dramatic changes. In the presence of off‐equatorial minima, the time‐of‐flight effect of ion bounce motion forms latitude‐dependent dispersions besides “paw‐track shaped” structures, while evolving wave fields cause time‐dependent phase shifts in “paw‐tracks.” All the predicted signatures have been confirmed by 5 years of Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft data and numerical simulations. These results allow us to better understand the interactions between ULF waves and thermal ion species in global magnetospheric dynamics.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: Schildgen Taylor , Aitchison Jonathan , Jolivet Laurent , Rusmore Margi 
Published: April 2022

Plain Language SummaryPeer review is the key process through which every paper submitted to Tectonics is vetted, ensuring that each publication maintains the highest standards of scientific rigor and integrity. We depend on, and are grateful to, all of the volunteer peer reviewers who have devoted their time and considerable efforts toward this essential procedure. In 2021, the 186 papers published in Tectonics benefited from 844 reviews provided by 579 reviewers. On behalf of the entire editorial board of Tectonics, we want to express here our most heartfelt gratitude to all of you. Thank you!
Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
Authors: Gonzalez David J. X. , Nardone Anthony , Nguyen Andrew V. , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Casey Joan A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The presence of active or inactive (i.e., postproduction) oil and gas wells in neighborhoods may contribute to ongoing pollution. Racially discriminatory neighborhood security maps developed by the Home-Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s may contribute to environmental exposure disparities.

Objective
To determine whether receiving worse HOLC grades was associated with exposure to more oil and gas wells.

Methods
We assessed exposure to oil and gas wells among HOLC-graded neighborhoods in 33 cities from 13 states where urban oil and gas wells were drilled and operated. Among the 17 cities for which 1940 census data were available, we used propensity score restriction and matching to compare well exposure neighborhoods that were similar on observed 1940 sociodemographic characteristics but that received different grades.

Results
Across all included cities, redlined D-graded neighborhoods had 12.2 ± 27.2 wells km−2, nearly twice the density in neighborhoods graded A (6.8 ± 8.9 wells km−2). In propensity score restricted and matched analyses, redlined neighborhoods had 2.0 (1.3, 2.7) more wells than comparable neighborhoods with a better grade.

Significance
Our study adds to the evidence that structural racism in federal policy is associated with the disproportionate siting of oil and gas wells in marginalized neighborhoods.
LSD1 is required for euchromatic origin firing and replication timing
Authors: Wang Yue , Huang Yunchao , Cheng Edith , Liu Xinhua , Zhang Yu , Yang Jianguo , Young Jordan T. F. , Brown Grant W. , Yang Xiaohan , Shang Yongfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe chromatin-based rule governing the selection and activation of replication origins remains to be elucidated. It is believed that DNA replication initiates from open chromatin domains; thus, replication origins reside in open and active chromatin. However, we report here that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which biochemically catalyzes H3K4me1/2 demethylation favoring chromatin condensation, interacts with the DNA replication machinery in human cells. We find that LSD1 level peaks in early S phase, when it is required for DNA replication by facilitating origin firing in euchromatic regions. Indeed, euchromatic zones enriched in H3K4me2 are the preferred sites for the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) binding. Remarkably, LSD1 deficiency leads to a genome-wide switch of replication from early to late. We show that LSD1-engaged DNA replication is mechanistically linked to the loading of TopBP1-Interacting Checkpoint and Replication Regulator (TICRR) onto the pre-RC and subsequent recruitment of CDC45 during origin firing. Together, these results reveal an unexpected role for LSD1 in euchromatic origin firing and replication timing, highlighting the importance of epigenetic regulation in the activation of replication origins. As selective inhibitors of LSD1 are being exploited as potential cancer therapeutics, our study supports the importance of leveraging an appropriate level of LSD1 to curb the side effects of anti-LSD1 therapy.
Mutualism promotes insect fitness by fungal nutrient compensation and facilitates fungus propagation by mediating insect oviposition preference
Authors: Gu Feng , Ai Shupei , Chen Yaoyao , Jin Sha , Xie Xin , Zhang Tong , Zhong Guohua , Yi Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Penicillium and Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit fly, Hendel) are major pathogens and pests of citrus fruits, as both of them can cause detrimental losses in citrus production. However, their interaction in the cohabitation of citrus fruits remains elusive. In this study, we revealed a mutualistic relationship between Penicillium and B. dorsalis. We found that insect behaviors can facilitate the entry of fungal pathogens into fruits, and fungal pathogens promote the fitness of insects in return. More specifically, Penicillium could take advantage of the openings left by ovipositors of flies, and adult flies contaminated with Penicillium could spread the fungus to new sites. Moreover, the volatile emissions from fungi could attract gravid flies to the infected site for egg laying. The fungus and B. dorsalis were able to establish mutual interaction, as revealed by the presence of Penicillium DNA in intestinal tracts of flies throughout all larval stages. The fungal partner seemed to promote the emergence rate and shorten the emergence duration of the flies by providing pyridoxine, one of the B group vitamins. Different from previously reported scenarios of strong avoidance of Drosophila and attraction of Aedes aegypti toward Penicillium, our findings unveil a hitherto new paradigm of the mutualism between Penicillium and B. dorsalis, by which both insect and fungus earn benefits to facilitate their propagation.
MiR-92a/KLF4/p110δ regulates titanium particles-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis
Authors: Wen Zhenkang , Lin Sipeng , Li Changchuan , Ouyang Zhuji , Chen Zhong , Li Shixun , Huang Yuxi , Luo Wenqiang , Zheng Zhongcan , Guo Peidong , Kuang Manyuan , Ding Yue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs total joint replacement is widely applied for severe arthropathy, peri-prosthetic aseptic loosening as one of the main causes of implant failure has drawn wide attention. Wear particles such as titanium particles (TiPs) derived from prosthesis can initiate macrophages inflammation and sequentially activate osteoclasts, which results in bone resorption and osteolysis for long-term. Therefore, inhibiting wear particles induced macrophages inflammation is considered as a promising therapy for AL. In this research, we found that the inhibition of p110δ, a member of class IA PI3Ks family, could significantly dampen the TiPs-induced secretion of TNFα and IL-6. By the transfection of siRNA targeting p110δ, we confirmed that p110δ was responsible for TNFα and IL-6 trafficking out of Golgi complex without affecting their expression in TiPs-treated macrophages. As the upstream transcription-repressor of p110δ, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), targeted by miR-92a, could also attenuate TiPs-induced inflammation by mediating NF-κB pathway and M1/M2 polarization. To further ascertain the roles of KLF4/p110δ, TiPs-induced mice cranial osteolysis model was established and vivo experiments validated that KLF4-knockdown could exacerbate TiPs-induced osteolysis, which was strikingly ameliorated by knockdown of p110δ. In summary, our study suggests the key role of miR-92a/KLF4/p110δ signal in TiPs-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis.
SMAD3 and FTO are involved in miR-5581-3p-mediated inhibition of cell migration and proliferation in bladder cancer
Authors: Sun Jiazhu , Ma Xueyou , Ying Yufan , Wang Weiyu , Shen Haixiang , Wang Song , Xie Haiyun , Yi Jiahe , Zhan Weitao , Li Jiangfeng , Liu Ben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an indispensable role in onset and progression of bladder cancer (BCa). Here, we explored the functions and mechanisms of miR-5581-3p in BCa. miR-5581-3p, as a tumor suppressor in BCa, was detected at a lower expression level in BCa tissue and cells in contrast with the non-malignant bladder tissue and cells. Over-expression of miR-5581-3p remarkably dampened the migration and proliferation of BCa in vitro and in vivo. SMAD3 and FTO were identified as the direct targets of miR-5581-3p by online databases prediction and mRNA-seq, which were further verified. SMAD3 as a star molecule in modulating EMT progress of BCa had been formulated in former studies. Meanwhile, FTO proved as an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in decreasing m6A modification was confirmed to regulate the migration and proliferation in BCa. In addition, we conducted rescue experiments and confirmed overexpressing miR-5581-3p partially rescued the effects of the overexpressing SMAD3 and FTO in BCa cells. In conclusion, our studies exhibit that miR-5581-3p is a novel tumor inhibitor of BCa.
Adaptation and phenotypic diversification of Bacillus thuringiensis biofilm are accompanied by fuzzy spreader morphotypes
Authors: Lin Yicen , Xu Xinming , Maróti Gergely , Strube Mikael Lenz , Kovács Ákos T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacillus cereus group (Bacillus cereus sensu lato) has a diverse ecology, including various species that produce biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. While genetic and morphological diversification enables the adaptation of multicellular communities, this area remains largely unknown in the Bacillus cereus group. In this work, we dissected the experimental evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis 407 Cry- during continuous recolonization of plastic beads. We observed the evolution of a distinct colony morphotype that we named fuzzy spreader (FS) variant. Most multicellular traits of the FS variant displayed higher competitive ability versus the ancestral strain, suggesting an important role for diversification in the adaptation of B. thuringiensis to the biofilm lifestyle. Further genetic characterization of FS variant revealed the disruption of a guanylyltransferase gene by an insertion sequence (IS) element, which could be similarly observed in the genome of a natural isolate. The evolved FS and the deletion mutant in the guanylyltransferase gene (Bt407ΔrfbM) displayed similarly altered aggregation and hydrophobicity compared to the ancestor strain, suggesting that the adaptation process highly depends on the physical adhesive forces.
Basal ganglia neuropeptides show abnormal processing associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
Authors: Hulme Heather , Fridjonsdottir Elva , Vallianatou Theodosia , Shariatgorji Reza , Nilsson Anna , Li Qin , Bezard Erwan , Andrén Per E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractL-DOPA administration is the primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) but long-term administration is usually accompanied by hyperkinetic side-effects called L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Signaling neuropeptides of the basal ganglia are affected in LID and changes in the expression of neuropeptide precursors have been described, but the final products formed from these precursors have not been well defined and regionally mapped. We therefore used mass spectrometry imaging to visualize and quantify neuropeptides in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposed parkinsonian and LID Macaca mulatta brain samples. We found that dyskinesia severity correlated with the levels of some abnormally processed peptides — notably, des-tyrosine dynorphins, substance P (1-7), and substance P (1-9) — in multiple brain regions. Levels of the active neuropeptides; dynorphin B, dynorphin A (1-8), α-neoendorphin, substance P (1-11), and neurokinin A, in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra correlated with putaminal levels of L-DOPA. Our results demonstrate that the abundance of selected active neuropeptides is associated with L-DOPA concentrations in the putamen, emphasizing their sensitivity to L-DOPA. Additionally, levels of truncated neuropeptides (which generally exhibit reduced or altered receptor affinity) correlate with dyskinesia severity, particularly for peptides associated with the direct pathway (i.e., dynorphins and tachykinins). The increases in tone of the tachykinin, enkephalin, and dynorphin neuropeptides in LID result in abnormal processing of neuropeptides with different biological activity and may constitute a functional compensatory mechanism for balancing the increased L-DOPA levels across the whole basal ganglia.