bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Gingival Recession by Coronally Advanced Flap with and Without Amniotic Membrane
Authors: Nath Jishnu , Changmai Arindom , Bhattacharjee Kalpajyoti , Phukan Anuve H. , Chakraborty Debjani , Das Ujjal 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
Recently, human amniotic membrane (AM) has been reported to have regenerative potential that facilitate repair in the field of oral and periodontal surgeries.

Methods:
Eighteen subjects with bilateral Miller's class I gingival recession defects were selected. Subjects were allocated randomly to treatment with coronally positioned flap + amnion allograft (test group) and coronally positioned flap alone (control group). The clinical parameters used in this study were width of attached gingiva (AG), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), length of gingival recession (RL), width of gingival recession (RW).

Results:
The mean width of attached gingiva at the control sites (A) was found to be 1.33 ± 0.50 mm (range 1.00–2.00), 2.00 ± 0.71 mm (range 2.00–3.00) and 2.22 ± 0.67 mm (range 2.00–3.00) on day 0, 90 and 180, respectively. Thus, it was increased by 0.67 mm and 0.89 mm on day 90 and 180 compared to that of the baseline, which are 50% and 67%, respectively.

Conclusions:
It can be concluded that combined coronally advanced flap and amniotic membrane have additional advantage in the outcome of periodontal therapy in the management of gingival recession.
Assessment of Effect of Fluoride on Titanium Dental Implants
Authors: Goutam Manish , Kumar Santosh , Sushma K.N. , Kharat Neetu , Shankar Daya , Shrivastava Namita 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Titanium has always been the material of choice for dental implants. The present study was conducted to assess effect of fluoride on titanium dental implants.

Materials and Methods:
Forty samples of pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V were tested in an electrochemical cell.

Results:
Ecorr/V of titanium implant in artificial saliva was −0.42, and in artificial saliva, +0.25% NaF was −0.63. Ecorr/V of Ti–6Al–4V in artificial saliva was −0.56 and in artificial saliva +0.25% NaF was −0.60.

Conclusion:
There was significant effect of fluoride on titanium implants in terms of corrosion.
To Drill or not to Drill
Authors: Ravisankar M.S , Arya K.S , Gaffoor Faisal MA , John Sunil , Girish C. Sabari , Aravindan Ashitha 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an immense global health challenge. It also had a profound impact on dentistry with all elective treatment grinding to half initially and a slow phased return to normal services. The aim of the article is to provide an insight into the effect of COVID-19 on endodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study among endodontists of various southern states of India was conducted from January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021, using an online questionnaire. A total of 300 dentists who perform endodontic treatment in daily clinical practice were chosen for the survey. The information was coded, entered, and analyzed utilizing SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:
A total of 263 questionnaires were answered by the selected group. About 92.01% of endodontists have made changes in infection control including modification in their personal protective equipment and duration of the interval between their appointments. A whopping 74.14% of endodontists faced the economic loss of varying degrees due to the pandemic. In general tremendous changes have been occurred in their daily practice following the pandemic.

Conclusion:
The pandemic's current and enduring consequences on every part of our lives have been a cause of pain and frustration, but it has also highlighted the human spirit's resilience. Ideally, endodontists must be able to select the best arrangements for safely performing their procedures.
Analysis of Advances in Research Trends in Robotic and Digital Dentistry
Authors: Kumar P. Ravi , Ravindranath Kolla Venkata , Srilatha V. , Alobaoid Mohammed A. , Kulkarni Manisha Mangesh , Mathew Tony , Tiwari Heena Dixit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The world has been transformed after invention of robotics, digitalization, and artificial intelligence. Their application in the medical field is well recorded; however, their application in dentistry is still being recognized. Hence, in our study, we aimed to analyze the advances in research trends in the digital and the robotics specifically to the dental fields.

Material and Methods:
We conducted a search for articles that recorded the use of robots, digitalization, and artificial intelligence in dentistry, specifically in endodontics. We piloted a questionnaire study to evaluate the awareness and application of these technologies by the clinicians. The results are presented as various applications of these technologies and the number of the articles for various terminologies. The application of these technologies was compared between the clinicians using ANOVA, with P < 0.05 being significant.

Results:
We observed a significant difference between the clinicians regarding the application of these technologies and lower awareness was noted. None of the participants used these technologies in practice. Of the total 20 articles that we had finalized, we observed that these technologies helped in studying the various pathologies and structures that were unviewed previously, as well as treatments, prognosis, and outcomes.

Conclusions:
There is a low awareness of these advanced technologies and application in routine practice. These technologies show greater precision and accuracy. However, the application of these in daily clinical practice and the economy are to be evaluated.
Comparative Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Plating Systems in Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Ravindranath Kolla Venkata , Ahmed Asma , Karpe Tanveer , Pushpa Suran , Karuna  , Managutti Anil , Tiwari Rahul V. C. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Many advanced techniques and materials have been introduced in the recent years with the advent of the new designing technology. Hence, in our study, we aimed to compare in maxillofacial trauma, the three-dimensional (3D) plating systems.

Materials and Methods:
We piloted a prospective clinical study among 50 subjects of both genders with mandibular parasymphysis fracture. We compared the 3D miniplates with the two-dimensional (2D) miniplates where the subjects were divided into 2 groups equally. The clinical parameters were compared at different times of follow-up after the surgery.

Results:
We observed that there was a similar distribution of the genders and the side of the fracture of the parasymphysis. There was a significant difference between the groups for the mouth opening while there was no significant difference for the sensory deficit. The subjects recovered better with the 3D mini-plates.

Conclusion:
The mandibular fractures can be successfully treated with the 3D miniplates that help in a quick and efficient recovery.
Cervical Abrasion, Sexual Dimorphism, and Anthropometric Tooth Dimension
Authors: Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , Varghese Sheeja S. , Shenoy Rekha Prashanth 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomic crowns of the maxillary and mandibular dentition concerning the mesiodistal, buccolingual measurements which will be used to establish normative data as a part of comprehensive study being carried out to determine the depth of the cervical abrasion (CA) of the individuals by predicting the CA Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) score.

Materials and Methods:
A newly developed instrument termed as CAITN probe was used to measure CA of the tooth more quantitatively. The mesiodistal and buccolingual width of all the 14 maxillary and mandibular teeth from the right second permanent molar to the left second permanent molar of the study sample was measured. The ratio between buccolingual and mesiodistal measurements of each tooth of the maxillary and mandibular arch of the study sample (n=100) was also determined. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 software.

Results:
Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group independently. The statistical significance of the difference in mean in mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters between males and females was calculated using the t-test for independent samples with p < 0.05. The ratio was highest in the left second premolar (1.752) and least in the right central incisor (0.980) of the maxillary arch. Similarly, the ratio was highest in the left central incisor (1.723) and least in the left second molar (0.910) of the mandibular arch.

Conclusion:
The present study was conducted as an initial step in the process of development of the novel tool or index enabling the dentists to organize the health-care needs of their patients by facilitating standardized identification of CA with objective measurements used for epidemiological or community purpose.
An In vitro Shear Bond Strength Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Moisture-Insensitive Primer
Authors: Rajan Manjith , Mailankody Jayarama 
Published: July 2022

Aims:
We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of moisture-insensitive primer (MIP) Transbond MIP while bonding to wet enamel surface.

Materials and Methods:
This study was done on 100 freshly extracted human premolar teeth, collected from the Department of Oral Surgery, Government Dental College, Calicut. They were stored in distilled water at room temperature. All teeth were healthy and without caries lesion, no evidence of surface defects, or any developmental morphological aberrations. Teeth were divided into 5 groups of twenty each for the testing and Brackets were bonded onto the tooth surface in 5 different bonding sequences using Transbond XT and Transbond MIP..

Results:
All the three groups of MIP have gained statistically significant higher SBS compared to Group I (Transbond XT primer in wet). Marked decrease in SBS of Transbond XT resin in wet environment was deduced. MIP in repriming sequence (Group IV) is found to have higher bond strength than other MIP groups.

Conclusions:
Clinical acceptability of Transbond MIP in wet environment could be recommended. MIP repriming should be done in cases where there is a doubt of contamination with saliva after initial primer application.
Effect of Dental Anxiety on Oral Health among the First-Time Dental Visitors
Authors: Saheer Abdul , Majid Shanila Abdul , Raajendran Janavi , Chithra P. , Chandran Thara , Mathew Renu Ann 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The objective was to assess dental anxiety and to find its association with oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 20–40-year-old patients visiting Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A single-center, hospital-based cross-sectional study was done among first-time dental visitors in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital over a period of 8 months (July 14–February 18). The sample size was determined to be 700. Participants in the age group of 20–40 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and clinical examination was done using the WHO oral health assessment form and OHI-S. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test. The associations found through bivariate analysis were entered as predictor variables into linear and binomial logistic regression models with high dental anxiety as the outcome variable.

Results:
The results of the study suggested that 56% of the study participants were having dental anxiety. Local anesthetic injection (80%) and fear of tooth drilling (60%) were the most anxiety-provoking stimulus. Analysis of OHIP-14 suggested that respondents perceiving oral health as affecting their life quality (very often/fairly often) in the past year were observed for items such as tension, difficulty to relax, irritability, difficulty in doing usual jobs, and totally unable to function because of oral problems. Dental anxiety was significantly associated with gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32), education (OR = 1.43), occupation (OR = 2.07), poor oral hygiene status (OR = 3.15), presence of dental caries (OR = 2.67), bleeding on probing (OR = 1.57), presence of periodontal pockets (OR = 2.64), clinical attachment loss (OR = 1.63), and OHRQoL (OR = 1.76). Stepwise linear regression model of independent variables (<0.05 variables included) explained dental caries as highest predictor (39%), followed by debris (22%), calculus (38%), mean OHIS (27%), mean OHIP-14 (29%), deep pocket (14%), and the least predictor was shallow pocket (9%).

Conclusion:
Dental anxiety was associated with poor oral health status seeking further attention to modify patients' behavior regarding improvement in oral health status.
Heme-Mimetic Potential of Iron Conjugated Pheophytin-I in Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular and Vascular Toxicity
Authors: Das Debashree , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the Study:
Heme is the cardinal porphyrin in systemic physiology, apart from hemoglobin it forms structural skeleton of physiological antioxidants such as catalase and peroxidases.

Aim:
The current study presents evidence that iron chelated pheophytin (Fe-Ph-I) created in resemblance to heme can exert significant heme-mimetic efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress-induced cellular and vascular damage.

Materials and Methods:
Fe-Ph-I was synthesized by incorporating ferrous ion into the porphyrin core of Ph-I moiety. The candidate drugs (Ph-I and Fe-Ph-I) were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and heme-mimetic attribute of Fe-Ph-I was established by comparing the efficacy of Fe-Ph-I with reference to its unmetallated parent Ph-I as well as un-chelated ferrous ions in a host of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo bioassays paradigms.

Results:
The study confirmed that Fe-Ph-I, Ph-I, and free ferrous ions all exerts significant in vitro anti-radical efficacy, however, while un-chelated ferrous ions intensifies, Ph-I and Fe-Ph-I mitigate ex vivo oxidative stress with Fe-Ph-I exhibiting superior potency. Also from in vivo assessment of oxidative stress-induced hemolytic anemia, it was observed that Fe-Ph-I is significantly superior than Ph-I in alleviating intravascular hemolysis, thereby endorsing that not ferrous ions alone but ferrous ion chelated with porphyrin yielding a heme-mimetic structure is responsible for superior potency of Fe-Ph-I over Ph-I.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Fe-Ph-I is cost-effective and therapeutically safe biological macromolecule of clinical potency against pathologies either mediated by or themselves precipitate oxidative stress-induced cellular or vascular damage.
Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase and Glutathione Peroxidase Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Participants With and Without Smoking Habits
Authors: Kamaraj Bavadharani , Deepthi Angeline , Kandasamy  , Nelson  , Deepak John Hearty , Gracelin  
Published: July 2022

Background:
The majority of the current evidence suggests that tobacco smoking increases the risk of diabetes. Salivary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) considered a biomarker to detect various oral diseases. Several studies suggest that smoking habits tend to alter ALP and GSHPx levels. However, at present, there is no much information about these enzymes in smokers with diabetes. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the status of salivary ALP and GSHPx levels in diabetic and nondiabetic participants with and without smoking habits.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 60 male participants between the age group 35–50 years were recruited. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Participants were categorized into four groups: Group I – Smokers with diabetes (n = 15), Group II – Smokers without diabetes (n = 15), Group III – Nonsmoker with diabetes (n = 15), and Group IV – Nonsmoker without diabetes (n = 15). Salivary ALP levels and GSHPx activity were measured by colorimetric assay. Data were compared between groups using the one-way analysis of variance, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test.

Results:
Nonsmoker diabetic participants demonstrated significantly higher ALP levels as compared to other groups (P < 0.05). We observed significantly lower levels of ALP in smokers with diabetes (P < 0.05). We observed a significant decrease in GSHPx activity in smokers with diabetes compared to all other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Salivary ALP can be used as a clinical biomarker to be correlated for evaluating diabetes. GSHPx activity can be used to understand the response of supplementation therapy in smokers with diabetes.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Acceptance of Dental Implants among the Geriatric Population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Mubarak K , Alammari Manal R. , Fageeha Yara Tariq 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Dental implants (DI) are gaining popularity among the general population, and special consideration has been given to the geriatric population in the replacement of missing teeth subject to their medical stability. The study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and acceptance regarding DI among the geriatric population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey was carried out through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and standardized questionnaire by calibrated interviewers. Participants of age >58 years who have not undergone any implant or bone graft procedures attending different prosthodontic clinics in Jeddah were recruited according to availability after obtaining consent. Responses received were converted into digital format and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
The knowledge related to DI was not satisfactory, and only 4.5% showed good knowledge. The willingness to replace the current prosthesis with DI was found in 49.6%, and it was also observed that 40% of the participants were using some tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis. Only 41.3% and 31% were aware of bone graft and sinus lift procedures related to DI.

Conclusion:
Even though most participants were aware of DI, the knowledge related to it was little satisfactory. Older people should be appropriately explained about the best treatment choice for teeth replacement by connecting to their current systemic health condition with its benefits and long-term effects. Unexpectedly, the awareness related to bone graft and sinus lift procedures related to DI was found to be relatively acceptable as well as the willingness to accept bone graft if needed for DI placement was observed.
Association Between Cervical Abrasion, Oral Hygiene Practices and Buccolingual Dimension of Tooth Surfaces
Authors: Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , Varghese Sheeja S. , Shenoy Rekha Prashanth 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Cervical abrasion is a multifactorial process due to the use of abrasive dentifrices along with improper brushing patterns. An extensive lesion may cause loss of structural integrity of tooth and esthetically unacceptable. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of cervical abrasion with age, gender, and oral hygiene practices among workers in a spinning mill, Kerala. The study also aimed to identify the buccolingual measurements of each abraded tooth using the Community Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) probe.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study where 366 subjects (257 males and 109 females) above 20 years of age were selected using a random sampling technique. Data was collected from the assessment form comprising demographic data and oral hygiene practices of the subjects. Clinical examination for abrasion and buccolingual measurements of abraded tooth recorded using CAITN probe. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 26.0. for calculating descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression.

Results:
The overall prevalence of abrasion was 37.2% and 97.7% of subjects with abrasion had sensitive teeth and were statistically significant. Age, gender (males) and combined horizontal and vertical method of brushing technique were strongly associated with the cervical lesion (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age group, gender, combined horizontal and vertical method of brushing, and presence of sensitive tooth was associated with the abrasion.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that the severity of the abrasion is an age-related phenomenon associated with combined horizontal and vertical strokes of brushing and is common among the male population. Dentinal hypersensitivity is also more prevalent with cervical abrasion. The novel CAITN probe can be used as an effective tool to assess the cervical abrasion and its treatment needs.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Canal Morphology of Mesiobuccal Root of Maxillary Molars in Saudi Subpopulation
Authors: Syed Gufaran Ali , Pullishery Fawaz , Attar Alaa Nasser , Albalawi Manal Ali , Alshareef Maha Abdulaziz , Alsadeq Alzahra Raeid , Alraddadi Asalah Khalid 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the canal configuration of mesiobuccal root (MBR) of the maxillary molars in the Saudi subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare if there is any gender and arch variation.

Methodology:
In this cross-sectional retrospective evaluation study, analysis of CBCT scans of MBRs of 400 maxillary first and second molars was done that has undergone CBCT scanning for diagnostic/treatment purposes in the private clinic of Jeddah, KSA. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:
Type I, II, and III canal configurations have been reported to be the most common morphologies in the MBR in both first and second molars, with the incidence of 20.25% (81), 17.25% (69), and 17.25% (69), respectively. Type I canals were significantly (P < 0.001) more common in tooth #17 and #27, Type II canals were significantly (P < 0.001) more seen in tooth #26, Type 3 canals were more seen in tooth #27, but there is no statistically significant association. Supplemental canal configurations which were classified by Gulabivala as Type I, Type II, and Type IV were also seen. Furthermore, 93 additional unclassified canal configurations were also found.

Conclusion:
The data indicate high prevalence of MB2 canals with varying canal configurations. Preoperative CBCT imaging should always be done in tooth-like maxillary molars, to understand the complex configurations and variations and to achieve higher success while performing root canal treatment.
Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Zygomatic Fractures
Authors: Mishra Priyatam , Khan Pallavi , Salunkhe Shrutika M. , Pendyala Siva Kumar , Mathur Mrinalini , Ummadisingh Lavanya , Tiwari Rahul V. C. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Zygoma is one of the facial bones that are impacted in the accidents. Hence, we aim to evaluate the patient's profiles in the fracture associated with zygomatic bone.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective clinical study with 60 subjects who were divided equally into cases (30) and controls (30); controls were general population and the cases underwent surgery of zygomatic complex fracture. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed by the means of the questionnaire. The values were compared for the significance keeping P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
The preoperative 15D score was lesser for cases than controls. Soon after surgery, it was statistically least and after a month, the mean score surpassed the controls. Infraorbital sensory loss was seen even after 6 months.

Conclusions:
As expected, the HRQoL decreases only to improve after the surgery. However, the infra-orbital nerve sensory loss may continue for over 6 months after the zygomatic complex fracture.