bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area Control of Late-Season Nymphs with Acaricides, 1980-81
Authors: Mount Gary A. , Williams R. D. , Dunn J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wooded plots (80 ft-sq) in eastern OK infested with late-season nymphs were treated with acaricides in late Aug. These infestations of late-season nymphs consisted mostly of nymphs that had molted during summer from engorged larvae. The objective of these tests was to compare the efficacies of acaricides against newly molted nymphs to efficacies obtained previously against overwintered infestations of nymphs. Water-based formulations of acaricides (7.5 gal spray/a) were made with a motorized knapsack mist blower. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 blocks.
Pear, Pest Control, 1981
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seventeen-yr-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of five 2-tree replications in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla control by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-wk intervals. Adults were counted by taking 5 beating-tray samples/rep. Nymphs were counted on 5 fruiting spurs through Jun 1 and on 5 growing terminal shoots/rep thereafter. All tissues on fruiting spurs were examined with a dissecting microscope. Five leaves were examined from each shoot including the proximal and distal leaves and 3 evenly-spaced leaves from the area between. Phytophagous mites were counted from 25-leaf samples/rep by the brushing technique. Harvest samples of 10 fruits/rep were weighed, tested for firmness with a penetrometer and for soluble solids with a refTactometer. Fruit and fol iage were examined for phototoxicity after each spray.
Ovicidal Effects of Lorsban and Dimilin on Peachtree Borer Eggs, 1979
Authors: Yonce Carroll E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Proper timing of insecticide applications for effective peachtree borer (PBC) control is very important. Peachtree borer larvae are well protected and virtually unaffected by insecticides once they burrow into the bark and establish their feeding chennefs in the cambium tissue of the tree (unpublished data). Controls must be aimed at the vulnerable eggs and young larvae before they enter the tree. Lorsban and dimilin were tested in the laboratory for their ovicidal capabilities on PTB eggs and to determine if timing of applications was Important. PTB eggs were obtained via the collection of viable pupae from infested peach orchards. These were brought into the laboratory and held in sand-filled trays until adults emerged. Eclosed females were taken to the orchard, mated with wild males, then returned to the laboratory and placed on moist filter paper in disposable 4 inch plastic petri dishes. Females were allowed to oviposit for 24 hr. Chemicals were applied to the filter paper by a laboratory aerosol mister to wet either one day (-1) prior to or 3 days (+3) after oviposition. The test was replicated 3 times.
Soil Treatment with Chlorpyrifos for Control of First Instar Grape Root Borers, 1981
Authors: All J. N. , Saunders M. C. , Dutcher J.D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil around 14-18-yr-old concord grape vines was treated with a full cone spray using 3.8 liter per vine. A swath 0.75 m wide x 1 .0 m long was sprayed on each side of a vine. Plots were 5 consecutive vines located at random within a 2.5 ha vineyard (Gainesville, GA) and a 0.5 ha vineyard (BlairsviIle, GA). Soil within the treated areas was scraped 7 cm deep 7 and 14 days after treatment for bioassay of efficacy to first instar grape root borers. Bioassays used vials (1 cm dia x 4 cm) with young grape roots at the bottom. Treated soil was added to fill 2 cm of the vial. Five freshly hatched grape root borer larvae were placed on the soil surface in each vial. Seven days later soil and roots were removed, examined, and the number dead/iive larvae determined. Each treatment was replicated 3-8 times.
Evaluation of Insecticides on Grape Cutworms, 1980
Authors: Johnson Donn T. , Mayes R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for control of cutworms to minimize bud damage of grapes in Fayetteville. Five blocks (replicates) contained 7 treatments randomized within each block of 7 vine cuttings. Each cutting was 3 ft long and placed vertically in the ground and encircled by a 6 inch tall x 6 in diameter aluminum sheet arena coated with Vaseline along the top edge. On Apr 15 at noon a hand sprayer was used at 40 psi to apply 0.2 qt/vine (25 gpa) to runoff with an adjustable conejet nozzle. Cutworms were collected on previous nights from grapes in Springdale and Clarksville, AR. Cutworms (3 to 4) were placed in each vine arena at 8:00 pm, Apr 15. Sampling involved counting the number of live and dead larvae at 1 day post-treatment.
Omnivorous Looper Control on Avocados, Jan 1980
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. , Olsen K.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested for control of late instar omnivorous looper (OL) larvae on 6-yr-old avocado trees (18 ft x 22 ft spacing) located in Ventura County, CA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 5 single-tree replicates per treatment. Treatments were applied on jan 30 by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (4 gal/tree - 400 gal/acre). At least 1 unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. Treatments were evaluated by examining 30 randomly selected OL nests per tree for live larvae. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Efficacy of thuricide Hpc for Control of Omnivorous Looper, Aerial Appliction, Jul 1980
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In an unreplicated test, the mortality of omnivorous looper (OL) larvae in an avocado grove treated by helicopter with thuricide HPC was compared with OL larvae mortality In an adjacent and comparable untreated grove. Both groves were commercial operations and were located in San Diego County, CA. The application was made on Jul 3, when most 0L were first or second instar. Early instar OL and their damage were readily visible on young terminal growth, so our pre-treatment sample consisted of examining 10, 6-inch-long damaged terminals for larvae. Post-treatment counts were similar except terminals were 18 inches long and had at least 1, 6-inch-long side branch. Pre- and post-treatment counts were made on 12 randomly selected trees in both groves.
Avocados, Tests of Acaricides, Aug 1981
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. , Olsen K. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were evaluated for control of the avocado brown mite (ABM) and their effec on its natural enemies. A randomized block experimental design was used with 4 single-tree replicates. All treated trees were separated by at least 1 untreated buffer tree within and between the rows (20 ft x 20 ft spacing). Treatments were applied on Au 11 to 9-yr-old avocado trees located in a commercial grove in San Diego County, CA. Applications were made by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (ca 6 gal/tree = 600 gal/acre) at 7 days post-treatment. Fifteen leaves were randomly selected per tree at a height of 3-7 ft above ground. One-half of each leaf was examined on both sides with a dissecting microscope for all motile stages of ABM and natural enemies. Leaves were stored at 40 F and were examined within 3 days of being picked.
Control of Sixspotted Mite on Avocados, Sep 1981
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. , Olsen K.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three-yr-old avocado trees (30 ft x 30 ft spacing) located in a commercial grove in Santa Barbara County, CA, were treated on Sep 29. A randomized block experimental design was used. Applications were made by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (ca 3 gal/tree = 150 gal/acre). Treated trees were separated by at least 1 untreated buffer both within and between rows. On Oct 7, fifteen leaves with light sixspotted mite (SSM) damage were randomly picked from each tree at a height of 2-6 ft above the ground. The undersides of the leaves were examined with a dissecting microscope foe all stages of SSM within 2 days of being picked.
Control of Citrus Red Mite with Carbamate, Pyrethroids, and Avermectin B1, 1981
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A number of materials were tested for efficacy against citrus red mite in a lemon grove in Riverside, California. Treatments were applied on Apr 28-29 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1200 gal per acre. Naked eye counts of mites on 32 leaves per tree (two 4-leaf terminals per quadrant) were made. There were four single-tree replicates.
Yuma Spider Mite Control on Lemons, 1981
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten treatments were evaluated in this experiment compared to an untreated check. One-tree plots were replicated 4x on 10-yr-old trees in the Yuma Valley during May. Sprays were applied from a John Bean Sprayer with an orchard hand-gun at the rate of 2.5 gai/tree (150 gpa) and 300 psi on May 7. This amount was adequate for thorough coverage (TC with a minimum run-off. The number of mites (all motile stages) were counted by means of a mite wash and seprator apparatus. Samples of 25 leaves/tree were picked at random 4, 14 and 21 days following spraying. Although the mite population was not heavy, the distribution in the test area was uniform.
Control of Insects of Snap Bean, 1981
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stretch’ snap beans were planted Jun 2 in 36 inch rows at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. Stn., Dakota Co., MN. Plots were 18 row-ft, separated by border rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The center 5-ft of each plot was infested Jul 23 with 20 European corn borer egg masses in the “blackhead” stage of development. Insecticide applications were made Jul 24 using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 25 psi. Evaluations of potato leafhopper populations were made Aug 6 by randomly selecting 20 trifoliate leaves in each plot. Evaluations of European corn borer injury were made Aug 24 by examining all plants in the center 8-ft of the plots and recorded larval tunneling.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1981
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated Jun 16 at our Vegetable Entomology Research Farm near Geneva, NY in a Lima silt loam soil. Seeds were planted at 10 ft and treatments were applied using cone seeders. Germination counts were made Jul 9. The crop was then thinned to ca 1 plant every 18 inches. Plots consisted of a single row, 25 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on a 24 inch row width. All sprays were applied at 75 GPA using a CO2-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder. Incorporation treatments were applied in a band 4 inches wide using a hand-pushed Gandy applicator. Granules were worked in lightly with a hand rake before planting. Injury ratings were made Aug 16 by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1981
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted Jun 19 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10 ft rows, each with 36 inch centers and 16 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a Randomized complete block design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 31 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. One-half tablespoon of sticker-spreaders was added to all treatments except Kryocide alone. Treatments were applied Sep 30. Evaluations were made from Oct 5-7 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species.
Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper Control on Cauliflower and Brussel Sprouts, 1981
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cauliflower and Brussel sprouts were transplanted Jun 19 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10 ft rows, each with 36 inch centers and 16 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 31 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. One-half tablespoon of sticker-spreader was added to all treatments. Treatments were applied Sep 30. Evaluations were made Oct 7-9 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species.
Insect Control in Celery, 1981
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. A. , Russel J. , Love A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications (= blocks). Each plot was 3 rows by 25 ft long. Treatments were applied on Jun 30; Jul 8, 16, 22, 29; Aug 5, 12 and 25 with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with drop nozzles at 30 gpa. Sweep samples were taken weekly from each plot, all insects from the sweep samples, beneficial or pests, were recorded. Plots were checked for early damage due to carrot weevil on Jun 23. Weekly observations for early signs of aster yellows disease were made in each plot. Five plants from each plot were harvested on Jul 23 for estimation of early season damage and 15 additional plants were harvested on Sep 1.
Leafminer Control on Celery, Spring, 1981
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted Apr 15 into Lauderhill muck soil on the University of Florida, Agricultural Research and Education Center’s farm in Zellwood, FL. Treatments were applied to single row plots 15 ft long (36 inch row spacing and 7 inch plant spacing) and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by weed-free 10 ft alleys. The sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized, 2.5 gal, B & G sprayer. SD-52618, Vydate, GS Mixture and the 0.5 and 1.0 rates of Monitor were applied as foliar sprays with a boom and 1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles with D3 orifice plates and #45 cores. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 45 psi and a speed of 3 mph. The 2.0 lb rates of Monitor and Orthene were applied as a 4 inch band to the soil at the base of each side of the celery plant. The delivery rate was 119 gpa using a single nozzle with a D6 orifice plate and #56 core, a boom pressure of about 45 psi and a speed of 3 mph. RH-9358 and CC-11242 granules were applied as a 10 inch band over the top of the celery plants using a calibrated hand-held granular applicator.
Corn Earworm Control in Sweet Corn with Sprays, 1980
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was conducted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station where the soil type is Laveen clay loam. Golden Bantam T-51 sweet corn was planted in a single row per 40 inch wide moist seed bed on Aug 18. Seedling corn was not irrigated until it was 6-8 inches tall. A complete randomized block design with 4 replicates was used. Plots were 4 beds wide, 13.2 ft and 28 ft long or .0085 acres. Sprays were applied with a CO2, pressurized bak-pak sprayer with a single nozzle having a D-3 tip, No. 45 core and 50 mesh screen. This operated at 55 psi applying ca 35 gallons of spray mixture per acre. Beginning at silking, sprays were applied ca every other day for a total of 3 sprays. Evaluation of effectiveness of sprays was by examining 25 ears from the middle 2 rows of each plot, these were rated as clean -no worm, no damage; or infested - presence of earworm and feeding.
Foliar Sprays to Control European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in single row plots 25 ft long on May 4 (trial 1) and Jun 4 (trial 2) at our research station near Painter, VA. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied to the ear and an area ca 15 inches above and below the ear with a D. B. Smith 5 gal, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer delivering 25 gal water/acre (40 psi) using a spraying systems cone jet Y-8 nozzle. Treatments were initiated in both trials when the corn was ca 10% silking. Trial 1 received treatments on Jul 7, 10, 13, 15, and 17 and was harvested on Jul 21. Damage to ears in trial 1 resulted from feeding by European corn borer larvae. Trial 2 received treatments on Jul 24, 27, 29, 31 and Aug 3 and was harvested on Aug 8. Damage to ears in trial 2 resulted from feeding by the corn earworm. Evaluation criteria for insecticide efficacy was the number of clear ears out of 10 ears examined/replicate.
Thrips Control in Onions, 1980
Authors: Grafius E. , Quartey S. , Phelps S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were planted on Jun 4. Plots were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Each plot was 3 rows by 25 ft long. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa on the following dates: Jul 14, 21; aug 4, 11, 18 and 25. Counts of numbers of thrips per plant were taken approximately weekly from 20 plants from the center row of each plot. Onions were harvested on Oct 28.
Wireworm and Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Soil Applied Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Bishop Guy W. , Hart D. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted Apr 29, at Roswell, ID, in silt loam soil. Granular insecticides were applied in the furrow (RIF) or in the covering soil (SIF) at planting time, or sidedressed (SD) on each side of the row 1-2 inches below the seed pieces at 75% plant emergence. Treatments were replicated in 2-row 30 ft plots with 36 inch row spacing in a randomized complete block design. Numbers of Colorado potato beetles were determined by counting adults and larvae on all plants in each plot. All tubers from each plot were harvested and examined for injuries.
Control of Leafminers and Pod Borers on Yardlong Beans, 1982
Authors: Bjork C. , Nafus D. , Schreiner I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agriculture Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. The beans were planted 20 Oct. 1982, at the transition between the wet and dry season. Seeds were planted 6 in apart, in rows 3 ft apart. Plots consisted of three trellised rows 10 ft long. Each plot was replicated four times. The beans were fertilized preplant with 10-20-20 at the rate of 40 lb N per acre, and sidedressed at the same rate at the time of first flowering. Plots were sprayed twice weekly with a Solo backpack sprayer 425. Triton B 1956 was added to all pesticide treatments at the rate of 1 tsp/3 gal. Mines were counted on 36 mature leaflets per plot. Live miners and parasites were estimated from a sample of 15 mature leaflets examined through a backlit microscope. To determine how treatments affected leaf retention, on 20 Dec, the number of leaves per plot was estimated by taking a transect from the bottom to the top of the trellis and counting the number of leaves intersecting the line. Bean yield was measured for the center row only.
Control of Worms and Aphids on Cabbage, 1983
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of cabbage transplanted on 12 July on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, N. H., was utilized. Spray applications of various treatments were made on 29 July, 4, 11, 18, and 25 Aug. and 8 Sept. to plots consisting of 20-ft rows replicated four times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made on both sides of the row using a B & G CO2, pressurized sprayer (40 lb/in2) at a rate of 29 gal/acre. All combination treatments were tank mixed at the time of application. Worm control evaluations were made on 30 Aug. by counting the number of each worm species on 5 plants per replicate and by foliage injury ratings. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: 1, slight or trace holes; 2, less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3, severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4, severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5, severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid control evaluations were also made on 30 Aug. by determining the percentage of plants per replicate with at least one established aphid colony. Percent marketability of heads was evaluated on 23 Sept. by counting the number of heads free of insect or disease injury.
Caterpillar Control on Cabbage, Fall 1981
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted 4 Nov. into Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent., Sanford. A plot consisted of one 30-ft row with 12-in. plant spacing. Each plot row was separated by two unplanted rows; row spacing was 30 in. Nemacur 15G 2 lbs (AI)/acre was applied pretransplant in a 15-in. band for nematode control. Treatments were replicated in five randomized complete blocks separated by 25-ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; one overhead (TX24) and one drop (TX12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. The foliar sprays were applied weekly beginning 11 Dec. and ending 4 Feb. (eight applications). Baits were applied over-the-top in premeasured amounts using a shaker can. Ten plants were rated for damage on the head and first four wrapper leaves in each plot on 9 Feb. using a scale of 1 to 6 (as in Greene et al. 1969 J. Econ. Entomol. 62: 798-800). The percentage of heads that were marketable was based on the frequency of heads with damage ratings of 3 or less. Head weights (avg. of 10 heads per plot) were taken for selected treatments to measure suspected phytotoxicity.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1983
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Primepack’ cabbage was transplanted on 29 July, near Georgetown, Del. Two row plots 17.5 ft long on 30-in. centers were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied when an action threshold of 0.50 larvae per plant was reached. Five applications were made on 15, 22, and 29 Aug., and 7 and 15 Sept. One additional application of Ambush 2E was made on 22 Sept. and two additional applications of Lannate 1.8L plus Dipel WP were made 22 Sept. and 4 Oct. Four applications of Ambush 6 ED were made on 15 and 29 Aug., and 15 and 25 Sept. Ambush 6 ED was applied with a handheld Electrodyn unit using one nozzle per row. All other treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO2 pressurized sprayer using two drop nozzles per row operated at 40 lb/in2 at a rate equivalent to 59 gal of water per acre. The number of larvae per 10 plants was recorded on a weekly basis from 8 Aug. to 4 Oct.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1983
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Primepack cabbage’ was transplanted on 27 July, near Newark, Del. Two-row plots 20 ft long on 36-in. centers were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied when an action threshold of 0.50 larvae per plant was reached. Three applications were made on 25 Aug., and 2 and 8 Sept. One additional application of Dipel WP was made on 6 Oct. All treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO2 pressurized sprayer using two drop nozzles per row operated at 40 lb/in2 at a rate equivalent to 50 gal of water per acre. The number of larvae per 10 plants was recorded on a weekly basis from 17 Aug. to 6 Oct.