bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensation Rates for Pediatric Otolaryngology Procedures Under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule in 2021
Authors: Miller Ashley L. , Rathi Vinay K. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) is the basis for physician reimbursement by public and private payers. The PFS values physician services according to the estimated time and intensity required to perform them; intensity reflects the summation of technical skill, cognitive load, and risk‐related stress. The fee schedule uses relative value units (RVUs) as a metric that permits comparison across procedures. Recent debate has focused on whether the methods by which the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) estimate procedural intensity are valid. We therefore sought to investigate current CMS estimates of intensity (RVUs/min) for surgical procedures performed by pediatric otolaryngologists.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of fiscal year 2021 PFS valuations for pediatric otolaryngology key indicator procedures specified by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. We additionally examined general otolaryngology procedures, including adenotonsillectomy and tympanostomy tube insertion. We utilized the 2021 Medicare PFS conversion factor of $34.89/RVU to convert intensity (wRVUs/min) to a compensation rate ($/min). Primary outcomes were: (1) total compensation rate and (2) intraservice (i.e., incision‐to‐closure) compensation rate for each studied procedure.ResultsOur study sample included 167 unique procedures. The mean (standard deviation) total compensation rate for all included procedures was $1.35/min ($0.29/min) and the mean intraservice rate was $1.71/min ($0.89/min). Intraservice compensation rates ranged from $‐1.50/min (drainage of throat abscess) to $4.75/min (pediatric tracheostomy).DiscussionTotal and intraservice compensation rates under the Medicare PFS vary widely for surgical procedures performed by pediatric otolaryngologists. Further investigation is necessary to examine the validity of assumptions underlying these procedural intensity valuations.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1739–1744, 2023
Evaluation of neuroprotective agents acting via the BDNF–TrkB pathway using AI‐enabled predictions of ligand–receptor interactions
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zou Jun , Li Fei , Gao Yuanxu , Wang Lijun , Sun Yi , Zhu Jie , Zhang Xiaomeng , Xue Kanmin , Li Gen , Cheng Nga M. , Guo Juan , Zhang Xiulan , Zhang Kang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally and is associated with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophin that promotes neuronal survival via its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) encoded by NTRK2. Our current understanding of the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of the BDNF pathway is limited by the lack of knowledge of its interaction with TrkB at atomic resolution. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict the three‐dimensional protein structures of BDNF and TrkB, as well as their interaction. The AI model was further applied to compare small‐molecule drugs that mimic BDNF–TrkB interaction, leading to the identification of 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (DHF) as an agonist of TrkB. We verified the neuroprotective effects of DHF in an in vivo acute glaucoma model in which RGC apoptosis caused by acute elevation of intraocular pressure was prevented by the intraocular application of DHF and to a lesser extent by BDNF. Our results provide AI‐enabled prediction of ligand–receptor interactions between BDNF and TrkB at the atomic level and demonstrate the great potential for AI‐enabled drug discovery.
A non‐conforming finite element formulation for modeling compressible viscous fluid and flexible solid interaction
Authors: Hassanpour Guilvaiee Hamideh , Toth Florian , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn modeling fluid–solid interaction (FSI), considering the impact of fluid compressibility is necessary to describe sound propagation. Furthermore, in micro‐scale, fluid viscosity is important. We present a finite element formulation for modeling a flexible solid coupled to a compressible viscous fluid. We use the linearized Navier–Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid and describe the linear elastic solid using the linearized balance of momentum. For coupling between fluid and solid, we develop a non‐conforming finite element formulation, and propose an estimation for the necessary penalty factor by applying a scaling approach. The formulation is validated based on several test cases for various material combinations and shows good agreement with analytical solutions. Further, Nitsche‐based and symmetrization‐free formulations are compared, and spatial convergence is studied. Finally, we present an application example of a miniature Helmholtz resonator, which depicts a notable impact of the solid interaction on the viscous flow. In sum, our study indicates the potential for widespread use of the presented numerical approach in modeling FSI in miniature systems.
Biochemical and genetic characterization of Botrytis cinerea laboratory mutants resistant to propamidine
Authors: Zhang Xuhuan , Huang Ke , Zhang Mengwei , Jiang Lin , Wang Yong , Feng Juntao , Ma Zhiqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBotrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, is one of the top 10 fungal pathogens in the world. Propamidine, an aromatic diamidine compound, exhibited both protective and therapeutic effects against B. cinerea. However, the resistance risk and mechanism of B. cinerea to propamidine are unclear.RESULTSTwelve high and stable resistant mutants were obtained from B. cinerea B05.10 by fungicide induction. Compared with the parental strain, the biological fitness of the mutants, including growth rate, spore germination, pathogenicity, and oxalic acid decreased significantly. There was no cross‐resistance among propamidine and other commonly used fungicides, while the efficacy of propamidine against the resistance mutants declined. In addition, the cell membrane permeability, substance metabolism, and defense enzyme activities of the resistant mutants were significantly increased compared with the wild strain. Whole‐genome sequencing of all resistant mutants found that there were 32 SNPs and nine InDels. Importantly, nine common single‐point mutant genes in the exon region were found in all 12 resistant mutants, and these genes were related to multiple pathways in vivo, indicating that many factors contributed to the formation of propamidine resistance.CONCLUSIONThese data suggested the resistance risk of B. cinerea to propamidine was low to moderate and the mechanism of propamidine was different from that of the existing fungicides. These results will increase understanding of the resistance mechanism of propamidine and provide a critical basis for the rational design of pesticide molecules based on targets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Corporate venture capital and interfirm rivalry: A competitive dynamics perspective
Authors: Chen Tianxu , Chen Jianhong , Miller Danny , Le Breton‐Miller Isabelle , Chen Ming‐Jer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study views corporate venture capital (CVC) investment as a form of inter‐firm rivalry. Adopting a competitive dynamics perspective, we argue that when a focal corporate investor invests in an entrepreneurial venture, that investment sends important competitive signals to its rivals, thereby increasing their likelihood of initiating a matching response. We theorize how three factors characterizing such investment—the amount of funding, industry relatedness between the corporate investor and the entrepreneurial venture, and the reputation of the corporate investor—can influence rivals' awareness of competitive threat, their motivation to respond, and therefore their likelihood of launching a matching counterattack. Our results demonstrate substantial support for our theoretical model.Managerial SummaryThis study views CVC investment as a form of competitive interaction, arguing that when a corporate investor participates in an investment round, it sends a competitive signal to its rival, motivating the latter to respond by also investing in CVC. Because of this counteraction, the competitive advantages of firms' CVC strategies may be temporary as rivals catch up and nullify the benefits of a CVC initiative. Thus, when planning strategy, CVC managers need to take potential rival counteractions into account and carefully assess the competitive implications of their CVC strategy, perhaps by avoiding harmful counteractions through initiatives more subtle in execution and orientation, and thus “under the radar” of rivals.
Intermetallic Copper‐Based Electride Catalyst with High Activity for C–H Oxidation and Cycloaddition of CO2 into Epoxides
Authors: Kadam Ravishankar G. , Ye Tian‐Nan , Zaoralová Dagmar , Medveď Miroslav , Sharma Priti , Lu Yangfan , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Tomanec Ondřej , Otyepka Michal , Zbořil Radek , Hosono Hideo , Gawande Manoj B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInorganic electrides have been proved to be efficient hosts for incorporating transition metals, which can effectively act as active sites giving an outstanding catalytic performance. Here, it is demonstrated that a reusable and recyclable (for more than 7 times) copper‐based intermetallic electride catalyst (LaCu0.67Si1.33), in which the Cu sites activated by anionic electrons with low‐work function are uniformly dispersed in the lattice framework, shows vast potential for the selective C–H oxidation of industrially important hydrocarbons and cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxide. This leads to the production of value‐added cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, the LaCu0.67Si1.33 catalyst enables much higher turnover frequencies for the C–H oxidation (up to 25 276 h–1) and cycloaddition of CO2 into epoxide (up to 800 000 h–1), thus exceeding most nonnoble as well as noble metal catalysts. Density functional theory investigations have revealed that the LaCu0.67Si1.33 catalyst is involved in the conversion of N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) into the phthalimido‐N‐oxyl (PINO), which then triggers selective abstraction of an H atom from ethylbenzene for the generation of a radical susceptible to further oxygenation in the presence of O2.
Hybrid Enzymatic/Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics via Morphologically Programmable Light‐Driven ZnO Microrobots
Authors: Oral Cagatay M. , Ussia Martina , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAntibiotics are antimicrobial substances that can be used for preventive and therapeutic purposes in humans and animals. Their overdose usage has led to uncontrolled release to the environment, contributing significantly to the development of antimicrobial resistance phenomena. Here, enzyme‐immobilized self‐propelled zinc oxide (ZnO) microrobots are proposed to effectively target and degrade the released antibiotics in water bodies. Specifically, the morphology of the microrobots is tailored via the incorporation of Au during the synthetic process to lead the light‐controlled motion into having on/off switching abilities. The microrobots are further modified with laccase enzyme by physical adsorption, and the immobilization process is confirmed by enzymatic activity measurements. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is used as a model of veterinary antibiotics to investigate the enzyme‐immobilized microrobots for their removal capacities. The results demonstrate that the presence of laccase on the microrobot surfaces can enhance the removal of antibiotics via oxidation. This concept for immobilizing enzymes on self‐propelled light‐driven microrobots leads to the effective removal of the released antibiotics from water bodies with an environmentally friendly strategy.
Water‐Lubricated Aluminum Vanadate for Enhanced Rechargeable Magnesium Ion Storage
Authors: Tang Han , Chao Feiyang , Chen Huibiao , Jia Runmin , Luo Hongyu , Xiong Fangyu , Yao Xuhui , Zhang Wenwei , Zuo Chunli , Wang Juan , Luo Ping , An Qinyou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnesium ion batteries (MIBs) have attracted much attention due to their low cost and high safety properties. However, the intense charge repulsion effect and sluggish diffusion dynamics of Mg2+ ions result in unsatisfactory electrochemical performance of conventional cathode materials in MIBs. This work reports water‐lubricated aluminum vanadate (HAlVO) as high‐performance cathode material for Mg2+ ions storage and investigates the capacity fade mechanism of water‐free aluminum vanadate (AlVO). The charge density difference based on density functional theory calculation is performed to analyze the charge transfer process of water‐lubricated/free aluminum vanadates (HAlVO/AlVO). The different charge transfer phenomena of two materials and the charge shielding effect of water molecule in HAlVO are revealed. Moreover, the single‐phase structural evolution process and the Mg2+ ions storage mechanism of HAlVO are further investigated deeply by different in situ and ex situ characterization methods. This work proves that HAlVO is a potential candidate cathode material to satisfy the high‐performance reversible Mg2+ ions storage, and the water‐lubricated method is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of vanadium oxides cathode.
Stretchable, self‐healable, and breathable biomimetic iontronics with superior humidity‐sensing performance for wireless respiration monitoring
Authors: Ding Qiongling , Wang Hao , Zhou Zijing , Wu Zixuan , Tao Kai , Gui Xuchun , Liu Chuan , Shi Wenxiong , Wu Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStretchable, self‐healing, and breathable skin‐biomimetic‐sensing iontronics play an important role in human physiological signal monitoring and human–computer interaction. However, previous studies have focused on the mimicking of skin tactile sensing (pressure, strain, and temperature), and the development of more functionalities is necessary. To this end, a superior humidity‐sensitive ionic skin is developed based on a self‐healing, stretchable, breathable, and biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol–cellulose nanofibers organohydrogel film, showing a pronounced thickness‐dependent humidity‐sensing performance. The as‐prepared 62.47‐μm‐thick organohydrogel film exhibits a high response (25,000%) to 98% RH, excellent repeatability, and long‐term stability (120 days). Moreover, this ionic skin has excellent resistance to large mechanical deformation and damage, and the worn‐out material can still retain its humidity‐sensing capabilities after self‐repair. Humidity‐sensing mechanism studies show that the induced response is mainly related to the increase of proton mobility and interfacial charge transport efficiency after water adsorption. The superior humidity responsiveness is attributed to the reduced thickness and the increased specific surface area of the organohydrogel film, allowing real‐time recording of physiological signals. Notably, by combining with a self‐designed printed circuit board, a continuous and wireless respiration monitoring system is developed, presenting its great potential in wearable and biomedical electronics.
Structural and environmental performance of recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete segment under the thrust force of the tunnel boring machine jacks
Authors: Sharghi Mohammad , Afshin Hassan , Chakeri Hamid , Dias Daniel , Török Ákos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study evaluates the structural and environmental performance of recycled fibers as a low‐cost and eco‐friendly reinforcement of segmental tunnel lining. In this research, the defect effects in the support area are investigated using three types of scaled panel samples. In addition to the fiber‐only reinforced concrete, the performance of a new hybrid design is evaluated. The axial displacements, crack widths, crack lengths, and crack depths were monitored by displacement gauges and image processing. The experimental and numerical results show that the presence of defects, in addition to increasing at least five times the opening of the spalling crack, induces the appearance of new secondary cracks. Based on the results, it was observed that recycled fibers have a good ability to reduce the opening and growth of cracks. The hybrid reinforced design showed a significant performance compared to conventional reinforced segments, even in the most critical support conditions. According to several environmental parameters, the highest environmental compatibility in continuous support conditions is related to the fiber‐only reinforced concrete design; however, with presence of defects in the support area, the new hybrid reinforced design has shown the highest environmental compatibility in most environmental parameters. It was finally concluded that the fiber‐only reinforced concrete with recycled steel fibers and the new proposed hybrid reinforced concrete designs had high efficiencies in all cases in terms of structural, environmental, and economical performances. In addition to significantly reducing the crack openings in the hybrid reinforced design, the used rebars were reduced by about 40%.
Urban soil quality of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Rajak Madhavi , Patel Khageshwar Singh , Jaiswal Nitin Kumar , Patel Raj Kishore , Bontempi Elza , Yubero Eduardo , Matini Laurent , Yurdakul Sema , Martín‐Ramos Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil quality in urban areas in India is degraded due to multiple anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this work are to determine the concentration variations, toxicity, and sources of carbons, metals, and ions in the surface soil of Raipur, the industrialized capital city of Chhattisgarh state, India. High concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and elemental carbon (EC) were registered. Relatively lower concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, organic carbon (OC), and carbonate carbon (CC), as well as ions (viz. F–, Cl–, NO3–, SO42–, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), were also recorded. EC was found to be one of the major pollutants, although enrichment factors pointed to high contamination with SO42–, K+, Mg2+, Cr, Mn, and Pb; and extreme contamination with NO3– and Ca2+. The spatial and temporal variations, enrichment factors, toxicity, and sources of the chemical species detected in the soil are discussed.
Einleitung
Authors: Röper Johann W. A. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie hubschraubergestützte Luftrettung ist ein Bestandteil der deutschen Notfallversorgung, der sich hohen und oftmals wechselnden gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen gegenübersieht. Diese werden von verschiedensten Anspruchsgruppen gestellt, welche bei der Gestaltung der Notfallversorgung Partikularinteressen verfolgen. Sofern im Gestaltungsprozess von Luftrettungssystemen bestehende Zielkonflikte nicht aufgelöst werden können, droht das Spannungsfeld, welches aus den Partikularinteressen entsteht, zu latent ineffizienten Ressourcenallokationen zu führen.
Ergebnisse
Authors: Röper Johann W. A. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisdarstellung gliedert sich entsprechend der vorgestellten Methodik, es werden Gesamt- und Durchschnittskosten sowie die Resultate der Break-Even-Analyse vorgestellt. Als strukturierendes Element werden die drei Szenarien und ihre Variationen genutzt. Für das Ausgangsszenario 1.I. werden jeweils die Ergebnisse der Sensitivitätsanalyse vorgestellt.
Functional diversity of apolipoprotein E: from subcellular localization to mitochondrial function
Authors: Rueter Johanna , Rimbach Gerald , Huebbe Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman apolipoprotein E (APOE), originally known for its role in lipid metabolism, is polymorphic with three major allele forms, namely, APOEε2, APOEε3, and APOEε4, leading to three different human APOE isoforms. The ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the vast majority of APOE research focuses on its role in AD pathology. However, there is increasing evidence for other functions of APOE through the involvement in other biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial metabolism, immune response, and responsiveness to dietary factors. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential novel functions of APOE and their characterization. The detection of APOE in various cell organelles points to previously unrecognized roles in mitochondria and others, although it is actually considered a secretory protein. Furthermore, numerous interactions of APOE with other proteins have been detected, providing indications for new metabolic pathways involving APOE. The present review summarizes the current evidence on APOE beyond its original role in lipid metabolism, to change the perspective and encourage novel approaches to future research on APOE and its isoform-dependent role in the cellular metabolism.
Three-dimensional mandibular characteristics in skeletal malocclusion
Authors: Olbrisch Carolin , Santander Petra , Moser Norman , Klenke Daniela , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Quast Anja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to comprehensively analyse a possible correlation between skeletal malocclusions, gender and mandibular characteristics in all three dimensions in adults and to identify mandibular characteristics that are typical for extreme skeletal patterns.

Methods
A 3D model of the skull was calculated in 111 adult patients (mean age = 27.0 ± 10.2 years; 49 women, 62 men) from available computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography scans of their heads. Based on the 3D models, the skeletal patterns were examined in (a) the transversal dimension regarding asymmetry according to menton deviation, (b) the sagittal dimension according to the Wits appraisal and (c) the vertical dimension according to the maxillomandibular plane angle. The mandibular characteristics assessed were linear (ramus height and width, body length), angular (ramus, gonial and body angle) and volumetric (ramus/mandibular volume, body/mandibular volume) parameters.

Results
No correlation between transversal skeletal asymmetry and mandibular characteristics were found, while sagittal (F(16, 174) = 3.32, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.23) and vertical (F(16, 174) = 3.18, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.23) skeletal patterns were shown to have a significant effect on the mandible. Gender correlated with mandibular characteristics independently from the skeletal pattern. Discriminant analysis revealed that class II and III patients differed in ramus and body angle with class II patients showing higher angles (ramus angle: class II = 89.8 ± 3.9° vs. class III = 84.4 ± 4.8°; body angle: class II = 87.7 ± 4.8° vs. class III = 82.1 ± 5.2°). Hypo- and hyperdivergent patients were discriminated by gonial angle, body angle and body/mandibular volume with hyperdivergent patients having a greater gonial and body angle and body/mandibular volume (gonial angle: hypodivergent = 114 ± 9.3° vs. hyperdivergent = 126.4 ± 8.6°; body angle: hypodivergent = 82.9 ± 4.4° vs. hyperdivergent = 87.7 ± 6.5°; body/mandibular volume: hypodivergent = 72.4 ± 2.7% vs. hyperdivergent = 76.2 ± 2.6%).

Conclusion
When analysing 3D data for treatment planning of adult patients, the orthodontist should pay attention to angular and volumetric characteristics of the mandible to identify extreme skeletal sagittal or vertical malocclusions.
Stability of pencils of plane sextics and Halphen pencils of index two
Authors: Zanardini Aline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the problem of classifying pencils of plane sextics up to projective equivalence via geometric invariant theory (GIT). In particular, we provide a complete description of the GIT stability of certain pencils of plane sextics called Halphen pencils of index two-classical geometric objects which were first introduced by G. Halphen in 1882. Inspired by the work of Miranda on pencils of plane cubics, we obtain explicit stability criteria in terms of the types of singular fibers appearing in their associated rational elliptic surfaces.