bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Function and the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Roa Dueñas Oscar H , Van der Burgh Anna C , Ittermann Till , Ligthart Symen , Ikram M Arfan , Peeters Robin , Chaker Layal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Thyroid hormones are important regulators of glucose metabolism, and studies investigating the association between thyroid function and type 2 diabetes incidence have shown conflicting results.

Objective
We aimed to combine the evidence from prospective studies addressing the association between thyroid function and type 2 diabetes risk.

Methods
We systematically searched in Embase, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for prospective studies assessing the association of thyroid function and incident type 2 diabetes. Data extraction was performed using a standardized protocol by 2 independent reviewers. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI using random-effects models.

Results
From the 4574 publications identified, 7 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Six publications were included in the meta-analysis. Studies assessed hypothyroidism (6 studies), hyperthyroidism (5 studies), thyrotropin (TSH) in the reference range (4 studies), and free thyroxine (FT4) in the reference range (3 studies) in relation to incident type 2 diabetes. The pooled HR for the risk of type 2 diabetes was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.52) for hypothyroidism, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.90-1.49) for hyperthyroidism, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96-1.17) for TSH in the reference range, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98) for FT4 in the reference range.

Conclusion
Current evidence suggests an increased type 2 diabetes risk in people with hypothyroidism and lower FT4 levels in the reference range. Further population-based studies are needed to address this association given the limited evidence.
Approach to the Patient With Lipodystrophy
Authors: Fourman Lindsay T , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lipodystrophy constitutes a spectrum of diseases characterized by a generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue. Underscoring the role of healthy fat in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, fat deficiency in lipodystrophy typically leads to profound metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and ectopic fat accumulation. While rare, recent genetic studies indicate that lipodystrophy is more prevalent than has been previously thought, suggesting considerable underdiagnosis in clinical practice. In this article, we provide an overview of the etiology and management of generalized and partial lipodystrophy disorders. We bring together the latest scientific evidence and clinical guidelines and expose key gaps in knowledge. Through improved recognition of the lipodystrophy disorders, patients (and their affected family members) can be appropriately screened for cardiometabolic, noncardiometabolic, and syndromic abnormalities and undergo treatment with targeted interventions. Notably, insights gained through the study of this rare and extreme phenotype can inform our knowledge of more common disorders of adipose tissue overload, including generalized obesity.
Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis via a Lipid-regulated SIRT1-p53-ASC Axis in Macrophages From Male Mice and Humans
Authors: Huang Yimao , Yong Peter , Dickey Deborah , Vora Setu M , Wu Hao , Bernlohr David A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Obesity-linked diabetes is associated with accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages into adipose tissue leading to inflammasome activation and pyroptotic secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Targeting fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) uncouples obesity from inflammation, attenuates characteristics of type 2 diabetes and is mechanistically linked to the cellular accumulation of monounsaturated fatty acids in macrophages. Herein we show that pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of FABP4 activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and deacetylates its downstream targets p53 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase or stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase inhibits, whereas exogenous addition of C16:1 or C18:1 but not their saturated acyl chain counterparts, activates SIRT1 and p53/STAT3 signaling and IL-1β/IL-18 release. Expression of the p53 target gene ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD)] required for assembly of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is downregulated in FABP4 null mice and macrophage cell lines leading to loss of procaspase 1 activation and pyroptosis. Concomitant with loss of ASC expression in FABP4−/− macrophages, inflammasome activation, gasdermin D processing, and functional activation of pyroptosis are all diminished in FABP4 null macrophages but can be rescued by silencing SIRT1 or exogenous expression of ASC. Taken together, these results reveal a novel lipid-regulated pathway linking to SIRT1-p53-ASC signaling and activation of inflammasome action and pyroptosis.
Female Adult Acne and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee
Authors: Carmina Enrico , Dreno Brigitte , Lucky W Anne , Agak W George , Dokras Anuja , Kim Jin Ju , Lobo Rogerio A , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Dumesic Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn endocrine and reproductive endocrine literature, adult female acne is considered as a possible clinical expression of hyperandrogenism, with most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines considering acne as a condition of androgen excess. Adult female acne, however, in the dermatological literature is considered as an inflammatory skin disease and new guidelines on adult female acne have been produced by dermatological societies, with little perspective from any endocrine or reproductive endocrine points of view. An expert task force was appointed by the AE-PCOS society to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations that could be valid for all specialists taking care of female adult acne. The following are the recommendations (level of evidence A or B): (1) diagnosis of female adult acne is mainly clinical, but a grading tool is needed for optimizing the treatment; (2) measurement of serum androgen values (total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) by high-quality assays is recommended in all women with adult acne; (3) in women with adult acne and proven hyperandrogenism, oral combined estroprogestins should be added to the topical or systemic treatment of acne, independently of severity of acne; (4) all second- and third-generation estroprogestins may be used, independently of the estrogen dose and progestin component; (5) spironolactone may be added to estroprogestins in women with moderate or severe hyperandrogenic adult acne, not responding to usual treatments; (6) estroprogestins may be used in nonhyperandrogenic patients with adult acne as second-line therapy.
Meta-analysis on the Association Between Thyroid Hormone Disorders and Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Bernardi Stella , Grillo Andrea , Antonello Roberta Maria , Cola Marco Fabio , Dobrinja Chiara , Fabris Bruno , Giudici Fabiola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContextAortic stiffness is an emerging predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current data about the effect of subclinical and overt thyroid hormone disorders on aortic stiffness are often conflicting.ObjectivePrimary outcome was to investigate if subclinical and overt thyroid hormone disorders were associated with aortic stiffness. Secondary outcome was to identify disease effect modifiers.MethodsData sources were PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included reports of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is the gold standard method for measuring aortic stiffness, in patients with subclinical and overt thyroid disorders. Two investigators independently identified eligible studies and extracted data. Pooled mean difference was the summary effect measure. Data were presented in forest plots with outlier and influential case diagnostics. Univariate meta-regression analysis was used to identify effect modifiers.ResultsEleven observational studies were selected, including 1239 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, 81 patients with overt hypothyroidism, 338 patients with thyrotoxicosis, and 12 715 controls. PWV was significantly higher in subclinical (P &lt; .001) and overt hypothyroidism (P &lt; .001), as well as in patients with thyrotoxicosis (P = .027) compared with controls. Age was an effect modifier in hypothyroid patients.ConclusionThis study shows that both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism as well as thyrotoxicosis were associated with an increase of aortic stiffness. The impact of treatment of these conditions on aortic stiffness should be assessed in clinical trials.
Construction of La2O3-CeO2 Composites Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Novel Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Nitrite
Authors: Yang Qin , Chen Ninghua , Zhang Yujie , Ye Zhixiang , Yang Yingchun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for the determination of nitrite based on La2O3-CeO2 composite modified glassy carbon electrode (La2O3-CeO2/GCE) was fabricated in this study. La2O3-CeO2 composites were prepared by reflux condensation, and their morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical behavior of nitrite on the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and an irreversible oxidation peak emerged at 0.7 V (pH = 7). The effects of scan rate and pH on electron transfer efficiency of fabricated electrode were investigated by CV. Under the optimum conditions, the modified electrode performed outstanding electrocatalytic activity for nitrite detection with a linear range of 0.25–4000 µM and a low detection limit of 0.015 µM (S/N = 3). The constructed sensor was successfully used for the determination of nitrite in real water samples with satisfactory results (recoveries between 94.0% and 106.6%). It provides a foundation and reference for the determination of nitrite in various environmental samples.
School-Age Children’s Actual Motor Competence and Perceived Physical Competence: A 3-Yr Follow-up
Authors: GRÅSTÉN ARTO , HUHTINIEMI MIKKO , JAAKKOLA TIMO 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study examined school-age children’s actual motor competence (MC) and perceived physical competence (PC) over 3 yr along with the covariate effects of gender and body mass index (BMI).

Methods
Participants were 1121 (girls 573, boys 548) children (mean age, 11.26 ± 0.32 yr) from 35 randomly selected public schools across Finland. MC was assessed using three movement tests targeting locomotor, stability, and object control skills, and PC was assessed using the sport competence subscale of the Physical Self-Perception Profile via four-phase monitoring.

Results
MC and PC remained stable over time. Of the three variables, locomotor skills showed the strongest association with PC. Lower BMI was associated with advanced MC skills and a less steep decrease in locomotor and stability skills over time.

Conclusions
The acquisition of fundamental motor skills in childhood and early adolescence is a prerequisite for enhancing MC and PC. The contribution of locomotor skills to PC indicated that versatile lower limb strength, speed, dynamic balance, and movement skills are important for positive subjective beliefs about PC capability. Increasing the MC skills of the children in most need, particularly those with high BMI scores, merits special attention.
Potestad Jurisdiccional de la Corte Penal Internacional: El caso de Israel y Palestina, ¿estatolatría beligerante o falta de competencia?
Authors: Caita Moreno Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2022

En el año 2015, Palestina suscribía el Estatuto de Roma, a pesar de la resistencia férrea y la presión en contrario ejercida por Israel y los Estados Unidos, poniendo en evidencia la ineficacia de la política exterior y diplomacia norteamericana en Oriente Medio. Un año antes, en 2014, Palestina se convertía en “Estado Parte” de la Convención de Viena de 1969 relativa al derecho de los tratados, posiblemente para anticiparse a Israel en la defensa de sus derechos como Estado desde 1948.Una de las principales consecuencias de la pertenencia de Palestina al Estatuto de Roma es, sin duda alguna, la jurisdicción automática de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) frente a eventuales crímenes internacionales perpetrados en los territorios controlados por la Autoridad Palestina. Frente a estos hechos, se plantean los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué consecuencias tiene para Israel el hecho de que Palestina sea el Estado miembro 123 en reconocer la jurisdicción de la CPI? Acaso, ¿no fueron los mismos principios de Núremberg los que inspiraron los juicios contra los criminales nazis que exterminaron el Pueblo Judío? Como Estado Parte del Estatuto de Roma, ¿logrará Palestina trasladar su histórico conflicto con Israel a La Haya? Y, a su vez, ¿la presión internacional obligará a Israel a ratificar el Estatuto de Roma?
Da Bolívia do MAS à Espanha do Podemos: a questão do Estado Plurinacional | From Bolivia of MAS to Spain of Podemos: the question os the plurinational State
Authors: Rodrigues Theófilo Machado , Ferreira Daniel Henrique , Silva Allysson Lemos 
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo analisa a referência da experiência do Estado plurinacional boliviano no programa político do partido espanhol Podemos. O artigo está estruturado em três seções. A primeira apresenta a ideia de Estado plurinacional não apenas na teoria social e política, mas também em suas experiências políticas originárias. A segunda seção tem como ênfase o desenvolvimento do Estado Plurinacional na Bolívia no início do século XXI. Em seguida, avalia-se como a experiência boliviana informou decisivamente a ideia do projeto de Estado plurinacional defendido pelo Podemos na Espanha nos últimos anos. Conclui-se que, ao contrário do que tem ocorrido tradicionalmente, como demonstram os estudos pós-coloniais, a maré das relações políticas e teóricas que costumeiramente partem da Europa e chegam na América Latina foi invertida. Para o espanto dos eurocêntricos, na questão do Estado plurinacional foi a Bolívia quem serviu de referência para a Espanha no século XXI.Palavras-chave: Plurinacionalidade; Estado; Questão Nacional.ABSTRACTThis article analyzes how the experience of the Bolivian plurinational state was a reference for the political program of the Spanish party Podemos. The paper is structured in three sections. The first part presents the idea of a plurinational state not only in social and political theory, but also in its original political experiences. The second section focuses on the development of the Plurinational State in Bolivia at the beginning of the 21st century. The next section assesses how the Bolivian experience has oriented decisevely the idea of the plurinational State project defended by Podemos in Spain in recent years. In the conclusion, we argue that, contrary to what has traditionally happened, as the post-colonial studies show, the tide of political and theoretical influences that usually leave Europe and arrive in Latin America has been turned. Against an eurocentric viewpoint, on the question of the plurinational state, Bolivia was a role model for Spain in the 21st century.Keywords: Plurinationality; State; National Question. Recebido em: 14 mar. 2021 | Aceito em: 06 nov. 2021.
Cinnamon Essential Oil Microcapsules Made Using Various Methods: Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Ability
Authors: Kean Socheata , Trevanich Sudsai , Jittanit Weerachet 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsCinnamon essential oil was microencapsulated using various methods.The most suitable method was determined by considering the powder recovery and product quality.The structure of freeze-dried microcapsules was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy.The cinnamon essential oil microcapsules inhibited bacterial growth in minced chicken meat samples.Abstract. Cinnamon essential oil has enormous potential for use in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics; however, its applications are currently limited due to its volatility and rapid degradation. In this study, cinnamon essential oil was microencapsulated using four methods. The main aims were to determine a suitable method for producing cinnamon essential oil microcapsule powder and to examine the physical properties of the microcapsule powder. The results indicated that the powder recovery values for spray-drying were much lower than for the other methods. For the same encapsulation method, samples with higher oil concentration had lower powder recovery and were harder to dissolve. Freeze-drying provided the highest encapsulation efficiency (92.3% to 95.2%), followed by drum-drying, spray-drying, and a manual method. Freeze-drying with an oil concentration of 27% was the most suitable method for microencapsulation in this study due to its higher solubility and encapsulation efficiency and having the lowest surface oil content for the product. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that the cinnamon essential oil was well encapsulated in the freeze-dried microcapsules. The cinnamon essential oil microcapsules significantly impeded bacterial growth in minced chicken meat samples during chilled storage for 12 days. Keywords: Cinnamon, Drum-drying, Encapsulation, Freeze-drying, Spray-drying.
Extracting and Modifying the Vibration Characteristic Parameters of Watermelon Based on Experimental Modal Measurement and Finite Element Analysis for Hollow Heart Defect Detection
Authors: Ding Chengqiao , Wang Dachen , Feng Zhe , Cui Di 
Published: February 2022

HighlightsAn impulse vibration method is proposed to excite watermelon for hollow heart defect detection.Experimental models of watermelon were acquired with 3D scanning laser vibrometry.The relationship between hollow heart defect and vibration characteristic parameters was investigated with finite element analysis.Better prediction of hollow heart defect in watermelon was achieved with the wavelet transform method.Abstract. Hollow heart defect seriously influences the taste and storability of watermelon. In this study, a non-destructive detection system based on an impulse vibration method was developed to detect hollow watermelon. First, acceptable agreement between the theoretical and experimental models of watermelon proved the suitability of investigating the relationship between hollow heart defect and vibration characteristic parameters by finite element analysis (FEA). Through modal analysis, the optimum location for the detection sensor was determined at the opposite location or 90° from the excitation point. The normalized second to fourth resonance frequencies (f2n, f3n, and f4n) and the peak value at the second frequency (A2) were extracted as latent variables for prediction of hollow watermelon. The technical parameters of the pressurized-air excitation device were then modified in orthogonal tests, and the best combination of technical parameters was as follows: air pressure of 275 kPa, excitation distance of 9 cm, and pulse width of 200 ms. In the qualitative discrimination of hollow watermelon, the results showed that a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) using 13 vibration characteristic parameters had the best classification performance, with accuracies of 91.7% and 88.9% for the calibration and prediction sets. In the quantitative analysis of hollow rate, the best prediction result was achieved with the BPNN (rp = 0.829, RMSEP = 0.016), which selected ten vibration characteristic parameters as input variables. Therefore, it is feasible to detect hollow watermelon by impulse vibration, and this method has potential to be applied in on-line defect detection. Keywords: Doppler vibrometry, Finite element analysis, Hollow heart defect, Laser modal analysis, Watermelon.
AVALIAÇÃO DA INOCUIDADE DE ALIMENTOS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Cordeiro da Silva Joice 
Published: February 2022

As doenças transmitidas por alimento chamadas de DTA é um termo genérico,aplicado a uma síndrome geralmente constituída de náuseas, vômitos e/ou diarreia,acompanhada ou não de febre, relacionada à ingestão de alimentos ou água contaminados por microrganismos.De acordo com os dados epidemiológicos da ANVISA (BRASIL,2019) entre2009 a 2018 foram registrados 6.809 casos de surtos alimentares e cerca de 95,9% desses surtos foram associados ao consumo de alimentos contaminados por bactérias Escherichia coli, Salmonella e Sthaphylococcus aureus.
PROJETO DE CONTROLADORES ROBUSTOS PARA UM SISTEMA TÉRMICO DE AUTOMAÇÃO PREDIAL
Authors: De Souza de Oliveira Vanessa 
Published: February 2022

Os ambientes prediais são responsáveis por uma grande parcela do uso de energia elétrica, seu uso eficiente pode resultar em uma grande contribuição (Rodrigues de Oliveira, 2010). Deve-se então buscar conforto térmico com o melhor aproveitamento de energia. Levando em consideração que a transferência de calor ocorre basicamente por condução, convecção e radiação, o valor que promove o conforto térmico torna-se subjetivo, pois a sensação de conforto está relacionada a variáveis pessoais e ambientais (Rodrigues de Oliveira, 2010). Mas, chegou-se a um valor aceitável para a maior parte das pessoas e segundo Creder (2004), as condições de conforto térmico no verão estão entre 23 e 25°C.
Mulheres vítimas de violência: a situação no município de Conceição do Coité-BA
Authors: Bispo de Jesus Ione 
Published: February 2022

A violência contra a mulher possui expressões de relações de poder interpessoaise coletivas, alicerçada na estrutura de uma sociedade capitalista, racista, sexista e que reproduz valores patriarcais. Essa é a concepção de violência adotada nessa pesquisa, a qual tem por objetivo investigar como ocorre a violência contra a mulher no município de Conceição do Coité, no Território do Sisal, no estado da Bahia.
Distribuição das galáxias peculiares com jatos no Universo local
Authors: Pereira Gusmão Pâmela 
Published: February 2022

De acordo com as observações fotométricas no visıvel, as galáxias podem ser alocadas em uma sequência morfológica bem definida que, de forma simplificada, podem ser agrupadas em três distintas categorias: elípticas (E0 - E7), lenticulares (S0,SB0) e espirais barradas (SB) e não barradas (S), conforme definido por Hubble (Hubble 1926).
A RELAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA ENTRE PROFESSORES E ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE LETRAS VERNÁCULAS DA UEFS
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Jeiziane 
Published: February 2022

O ensino superior, atualmente, vem apresentado uma maior diversidade de sujeitos, representada por indivíduos oriundos de condições sociais, econômicas, étnicas e locais que eram bastante limitadas a esse acesso quando observamos o histórico da educação. Balzan (2015) assegura que existe uma multiplicidade de estudantes.