bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cognitive System of Robots Based on Deep Learning with Stable Convergence
Authors: Hsu Min-Jie , Hsu Chen-Chien , Chien Yi-Hsing , Wang Wei-Yen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the advance of deep learning, improving the understanding and cognition of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has become an increasingly crucial research trend. Although most AI studies have focused on improving the efficiency and reach of deep learning technologies for the next wave of nascent AI solutions, they have also highlighted the real-world challenges and limitations of current deep learning approaches. In view of this, this paper proposes a novel cognitive system based on deep learning. To mathematically analyze and solve the critical problem of unstable convergence existing in general cognitive systems, we propose a system framework consisting of three models: a perception model, a hypothesis model, and a memory model. In contrast to conventional reinforcement learning systems, the online learning of our proposed cognitive system can be carried out by only comparing the current outputs with the expected inputs. Then, the memory model (as an evaluation model) can estimate the learning results more accurately so that the hypothesis model is capable of generating improved hypotheses. The contribution of our method is to refer to the memory theory in cognitive psychology to improve the stability of the image-to-robot motor end-to-end learning system. Moreover, an auto-encoder, as the perception model, can encode an observed image into a perception code as the features to easily find an optimal solution. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed cognitive system, Chinese calligraphy writing tasks are used to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that the proposed cognitive system significantly enhances the online learning process with stable convergence and improves the writing performance of the calligraphy work.
Enhancing Thermal Stability and High-Temperature Properties of Foundry Al Alloys through Zr and/or Er as Minor Alloying Elements
Authors: Gariboldi Elisabetta , Sharma Ashok 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When designing structural parts made from foundry alloys for use at relatively high temperatures, it can be challenging to choose the “best” alloy or “best heat treatment” for a specific application. This is particularly true for age-hardenable Al–Si-based alloys. Many studies have focused on the role of minor elements in modifying silicon, the presence of second phases, precipitate formation, and how these factors affect the alloy’s mechanical properties. Analyzing microstructural changes during heat treatment can help us understand how the microstructure and properties evolve during high-temperature service. Based on this, the high-temperature stability at 400 °C of cast Al to which Zr and/or Er have been added is presented and discussed in the first part of the paper. The second part the paper focuses on the case of Zr and/or Er addition to an age-hardenable casting alloy of more complex composition: AlSi7Mg (A356 alloy). The role of these two elements during solidification, heat treatments and simulated service conditions was analyzed. Si modification by Er and grain refinement by Zr, the formation of additional intermetallic phases that reduced ductility and aging potential, the possible formation of intragranular particles during solution treatment at conventional temperatures for A356 alloy. The aim of the work is to point out the need to optimize the heat treatment process of as-cast parts to enhance the high-temperature performance age-hardenable Al alloys, considering the expected service conditions.
Computing Euler factors of genus 2 curves at odd primes of almost good reduction
Authors: Maistret Céline , Sutherland Andrew V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an efficient algorithm to compute the Euler factor of a genus 2 curve

$$C/\mathbb {Q}$$

C
/
Q

at an odd prime p that is of bad reduction for C but of good reduction for the Jacobian of C (a prime of “almost good” reduction). Our approach is based on the theory of cluster pictures introduced by Dokchitser, Dokchitser, Maistret, and Morgan, which allows us to reduce the problem to a short, explicit computation over

$$\mathbb {Z}$$

Z

and

$$\mathbb {F}_p$$

F
p

, followed by a point-counting computation on two elliptic curves over

$$\mathbb {F}_p$$

F
p

, or a single elliptic curve over

$$\mathbb {F}_{p^2}$$

F

p
2

. A key feature of our approach is that we avoid the need to compute a regular model for C. This allows us to efficiently compute many examples that are infeasible to handle using the algorithms currently available in computer algebra systems such as Magma and Pari/GP.
A semi-transparent strong biomimetic wound healing material: zinc oxide and sodium alginate based bi-layer nanofiber membrane
Authors: Kuddushi Muzammil , Kumar Tanay , Wu Hongyan , Chen Sherry , Bin Xu Ben , Malek Naved , Unsworth Larry , Xu Jiangtao , Zhang Jiangwen , Wang Xihua , Zhang Xuehua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wound healing is a critical process that significantly impacts patient health and places a substantial burden on healthcare systems. This study aimed to develop and evaluate transparent composite nanofibrous membranes with enhanced biological functionality as advanced wound dressing materials. We hypothesized that the incorporation of sodium alginate (NaAlg) or zinc oxide (ZnO) into electrospun polymer nanofibers, combined with the use of a conductive aluminum mesh during fiber collection, would result in membranes with locally aligned nanofibers, enabling optical transparency, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. By using a 1.58 mm aluminum square mesh as a fiber collector during electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL)/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), we fabricated composite fiber membranes with varying concentrations of NaAlg (1–5% w/v) or ZnO (1–3% w/v). The use of the conductive mesh led to partial alignment of the nanofibers, enhancing light transmission and achieving notable optical transparency (up to 40% for NaAlg and 22% for ZnO). These membranes also exhibited a bi-layer structural configuration, robust mechanical properties (12–13 MPa), and optimal water vapor transmission rates (WVTR, 1400–1700 g/m

$$^{2}$$

2

/day). Biological assessments, including disc diffusion and cytotoxicity tests, demonstrated excellent biocompatibility (85–100% viability with HaCaT cells) and promising blood-clotting properties. These findings suggest that the developed nanofiber membranes, through their unique alignment-driven transparency and multifunctionality, can effectively monitor wound healing in real-time, absorb substantial exudate, and provide a protective barrier against environmental contaminants. This work highlights the novelty and potential of these nanofiber membranes as advanced biomaterials for diverse wound dressing applications.

Graphical abstract
Unmasking deepfakes: a multidisciplinary examination of social impacts and regulatory responses
Authors: Alanazi Sami , Asif Seemal , Caird-daley Antoinette , Moulitsas Irene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of deepfake technology and its multifaceted impacts on society, privacy, trust, and information integrity. Deepfakes, synthetic media generated using AI-powered algorithms, pose significant challenges to individual privacy, societal trust, and the integrity of information. To explore these issues, we employed a mixed-methods approach that included in-depth expert interviews with professionals from diverse fields such as law, ethics, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and social sciences, along with a dichotomous question survey, which provided comprehensive insights from multiple perspectives. This methodological approach facilitated a multidimensional perspective on the potential risks and benefits of deepfakes. Our findings reveal unanimous concern among experts regarding the profound societal implications of deepfakes, particularly their capacity to amplify disinformation, erode public trust, and inflict psychological harm on individuals. Key themes identified include the urgent need for robust regulatory frameworks, the critical role of media literacy in enhancing public resilience, and the varying impacts of deepfakes across different demographic groups. The consensus among experts points out the necessity for an ethically guided approach to the development and deployment of deepfake technology, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in crafting effective policy responses. This study advances the ongoing discourse on deepfake technology by providing stakeholders and policymakers with evidence-based recommendations aimed at mitigating the associated risks and harnessing potential benefits. These recommendations promote a balanced and informed approach to navigating the complexities of this emerging technological challenge.
Community-Based Surveillance of Acute Flaccid Paralysis: A Review on Detection and Reporting Strategy
Authors: Biru Gelane , Gemechu Honey , Gebremeskel Eyerusalem , Nemomssa Hundessa Daba , Dese Kokeb , Wakjira Efrem , Demlew Gashaw , Yohannes Dessalew , Abdi Ketema Lemma , Murad Hamdia , Zewde Elbetel Taye , Habtamu Bontu , Tefera Mesfin , Alayu Mikias , Gidi Netsanet Workneh , Bisrat Filimona , Tadesse Tenager , Kidanne Legesse , Choe Se-woon , Kong Jude , Ayana Gelan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Polio is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children under 15, often leading to permanent paralysis, known as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). AFP surveillance is essential for the eradication of polio, with community-based surveillance (CBS) playing a pivotal role in detecting and reporting cases. CBS improves the timeliness and accuracy of AFP detection, but challenges such as underreporting, delays, and low community awareness persist. Strategies involving use of mobile applications, awareness campaigns, and improvements in healthcare infrastructure were implemented to improve CBS of AFP. While numerous case studies from various countries illustrate the implementation of CBS, a comprehensive synthesis of these studies across diverse contexts is limited. This paper examines state-of-the-art CBS approaches for AFP, analyzing progress, challenges, and potential solutions. A targeted literature review of English-language studies published between 2004 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on the roles of communities, technological integration, and practical recommendations, while excluding studies that lacked methodological rigor or direct relevance. The review revealed that CBS has significantly advanced the global fight against polio by increasing community awareness, enabling earlier detection, and improving the reporting of AFP cases. However, issues such as security concerns, delayed reporting, low levels of community awareness, and underutilization of technology persist. This review recommends strengthening organizational structures, improving healthcare access, raising community awareness, and using technology for more efficient AFP surveillance. The implication of this work is beyond polio as it offers a comprehensive framework for integrating disease surveillance, technology and community involvement to strengthen public health strategies and build robust health systems.
Willingness to Pay with Reference-dependent Preferences: A Comparative Analysis of Attribute-based and Alternative-based Approach
Authors: Cui Manlin , Yue Chengyan , Treiber Erin L. , Clark Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Consumer preferences are often influenced by reference-dependent preferences. This study investigates the influence of reference-dependent preferences on the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP) for table grape attributes elicited by a second-price auction. We evaluate two models: the attribute-based reference dependence model, where individuals compare the target product’s attributes with their favorite ones, and the alternative-based reference dependence model, where comparisons are made with a reference product. Results show that including reference points impacts the WTP estimation for different attributes, with varying levels of loss aversion, suggesting the attribute-specific influence of reference points.
Ponder the path of thy feet: How China’s security–development nexus works in the Mekong region
Authors: Gong Xue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores China’s evolving approach to South–South security cooperation, focusing on its use of the security–development nexus in its relations with Global South countries, particularly in the Mekong region. The central research question is: under what circumstances will China adjust the balance between security and development in its cooperation with the Global South? This article uses two case studies in the Mekong region, where China has applied contrasting approaches to address different security-related issues, to explore how China justifies its security choices through the security–development nexus in its relations with Global South countries. The varying security priorities and complex regional dynamics have led to variations in the nature and scope of its security cooperation with the Global South. Drawing on Chinese official documents, media reports, and interviews with scholars and policy advisors, this article argues that China adapts its security–development approach based on three key factors: its perception of security risks, its ability to dominate an issue, and the urgency of its interests. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the ongoing debate about China’s role in South–South security cooperation. The study also offers insights into the challenges China faces in managing its dual role as both a development partner and a security actor, with implications for its influence in the Mekong region and beyond.
Participant perspectives about decentralised trial procedures in a remote delivery nutrition intervention trial
Authors: Davies Naomi , Slykerman Rebecca F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Participant recruitment and retention are consistently recognised as significant, costly challenges in nutrition intervention trials. Decentralised study procedures address some of the recruitment and retention limitations in traditional trial methodology. Understanding participant perceptions and experiences of decentralised methods in nutrition studies is key to improving trial design and conduct. The aim of this study was to explore participant opinions about remote delivery of a dietary supplement intervention trial. Adults enrolled in a clinical trial of a milk fat globule membrane nutritional supplement for improvement of psychological wellbeing were invited to take part in a post-intervention interview. Interviews were conducted over video conferencing and transcribed. Using a semi-structured interview format six aspects of trial design were discussed: general processes, written instructions, contact throughout the study, self-collection of saliva samples, wearable device use, and cognitive assessment. Thematic analysis derived themes from the data for each of the aspects of trial conduct discussed. Seventy-three participants completed the interview. Interviewees reported a positive overall experience of the remote delivery procedures used. Accessible communication between researchers and participants and clear written instructions were identified as key to participant experience. Recall of instructions and adherence to the nutritional intervention was difficult for some respondents with suggestions made for facilitating this in future remote delivery nutrition studies. Use of wearables, in-home saliva sampling, and self-administered cognitive assessments were feasible and acceptable to most participants. The remote delivery of a nutritional intervention trial, including self-collected biological samples, is feasible and positively viewed by participants.
Physiological reactions in plants visualized by 14C: The impact of sea spray on radiocarbon analyses of terrestrial plants in coastal regions quantified by a greenhouse study
Authors: Göhring Andrea , Hüls C. Matthias , Hölzl Stefan , Mayr Christoph , Strauss Harald , Hamann Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Marine aerosols can enter the terrestrial environment via sea spray which is known to affect the stable isotope fingerprint of coastal samples (plants, animals/humans), including δ13C. However, the impact of sea spray on 14C dating of terrestrial organisms at coastal sites has not been investigated so far. Besides a direct effect, sea spray is accompanied by physiological effects, e.g., due to salinity. In an artificial sea spray experiment in the greenhouse, the effect of sea spray on 14C in plant tissue was investigated. Beach grass was sprayed with mineral salt solutions containing only traces of NaCl or with brackish water from the Schlei inlet or the Baltic Sea. These plants should give a 14C signal close to the modern atmospheric 14CO2 composition. However, three treatment groups showed variable radiocarbon concentrations. Plants sprayed with water from the Schlei inlet, Baltic Sea water, or with a mineral salt solution with very high HCO3– concentration are depleted in 14C content relative to contemporary atmospheric composition. While δ13C reflects physiological effects in the plants, caused either by salinity (NaCl) or HCO3– stress, resulting in decreased discrimination against 13C, the uptake of high amounts of 14C (ca. 53–67%) from DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) partly masks the underlying physiological reactions, as is visible in the radiocarbon signature of the plant tissues. This preliminary study indicates that sea spray effects on plant tissue could potentially influence faunal tissue 14C composition at coastal sites. Further research is required to better understand the observed reservoir effect.
Wage Determination and Employer Power in the Labour Market for Servants: Evidence from England and Wales, 1780–1834
Authors: Kaiser Moritz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the labour market for female servants in England and Wales between 1780 and 1834, using previously unexplored archival materials alongside qualitative sources. After introducing the dataset, the study provides a micro-level analysis of wage determinants and traces the sources and evolution of employer market power. The findings show that real wages fell substantially during the early decades of the nineteenth century and stagnated throughout the period from 1780 to 1834. Amid rising cost-of-living pressures in the early 1800s, declining real wages were accompanied by increased nominal wage bunching, suggesting greater employer market power. These trends are contextualized with insights from servants’ autobiographies and household manuals. The combined quantitative and qualitative evidence suggests that service labour markets were highly localized, employers coordinated wage-setting and working conditions, and servants faced barriers to job mobility due to living in tied housing, difficulties in recovering unpaid wages, and the critical role of character references. The results indicate that employers in the largest segment of the labour market had considerable wage-setting power, which intensified during the early years of industrialization.
Flushed with success: how participation in social schemes influences toilet adoption in rural India
Authors: Tyagi Malvika , Kumar Deepak , Hussain Malik Altaf , Khan Md Tajuddin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite significant public health investments, rural India’s sanitation challenges persist, raising questions about effective intervention strategies. This study investigates the influence of participation in social schemes on household sanitation behaviours, specifically toilet adoption and soap usage. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey (2004–05 and 2011–12), a Linear Probability Model with Propensity Score Matching is employed to address potential selection bias. Results indicate that scheme participation increases toilet adoption by 45.5% and soap usage by 13.8%, with effects varying by socio-economic status, demographic characteristics, and local infrastructure. Particularly strong impacts are observed among historically disadvantaged communities, suggesting that social schemes can effectively reduce sanitation inequities. The spillover effect on soap usage indicates these interventions may catalyse broader hygiene behaviour changes. The findings highlight the value of social schemes in improving rural sanitation practices and offer insights for future programme design.
The three degrees of metrical strength in Strict CV metrics, a theory without parsing
Authors: Faust Noam , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti Jeremiah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Typology establishes three degrees of metrical strength. Foot-based theories designate the intermediate degree as that of unparsed syllables, i.e. syllables that are not part of a foot. However, this denotation of parsing mispredicts massively; moreover, there is no real reason why such unparsed syllables should be of intermediate prosodic strength (as opposed to the weakest or strongest). This paper presents an alternative account in Strict CV metrics (Ulfsbjorninn 2014, Faust & Ulfsbjorninn 2018). The correct three-way hierarchy follows from the basic operation of the theory, namely incorporation, whereby one nucleus becomes prominent by incorporating metrical significance from another nucleus. Examples come first from the more classical cases of Dutch and English and then from three test-cases provided by unrelated languages: St’át’imcets (Lillooet Salish), Burmese, and Tiberian Hebrew. No appeal is made to the notion of parsing.
Rediscovering Hitavadi: A Forgotten Pioneer of Telugu Vernacular Print and Missionary Journalism
Authors: Chakali Chandra Sekhar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the pioneering yet largely forgotten magazine Hitavadi, the first Telugu Christian monthly magazine and the earliest Telugu monthly journal. Founded in 1862 by Rev. John Edmund Sharkey, Hitavadi played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual, religious and social discourse in the Telugu-speaking regions of colonial India. Despite its significance, the history of the magazine has remained elusive due to the disappearance of most issues from public libraries and archives. The scarcity of issues reflects the fragility of nineteenth-century print preservation, making this article the first detailed attempt to reconstruct the legacy of Hitavadi. Through its vernacular focus, Hitavadi blended Christian teachings with secular knowledge, addressing gender reform, education and social transformation. It was not merely a missionary tool but a platform for intellectual engagement, connecting local concerns with global ideas. This study explores the role of the magazine in constructing a Telugu public sphere and contributing to the broader Protestant mission of literacy and moral reform. In doing so, it sheds light on the dynamics of colonial print culture, vernacular journalism, and the challenges of recovering lost archival material.