bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of clinical studies assessing the needling for treatment of melasma: Focusing on efficacy, safety, and recurrence rate
Authors: Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan Afsaneh , Behrangi Elham , Najar Nobari Niloufar , Ghassemi Mohammadreza , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveMelasma is common, chronic and treatment‐challenging cosmetic concern and the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate clinical studies assessing the treatment of melasma through needling while focusing on efficiency, safety, and recurrence.MethodAfter e‐search a total of 54 articles were reviewed and 12 published articles (February 2011‐September 2020) in terms of content, topic, and purpose, were finalized. Articles were open pilot trials, case reports, case series, retrospective studies, quasi‐experimental trials, randomized clinical trials, and split face comparative studies.ResultsThe highest decrease in MASI score was 85.71% and allocated to microneedling method following only 3 sessions with an interval of 30 days. On the other hand, the lowest decrease in this score was 3.7% and allocated to microneedling treatment and its use for vitamin C delivery at the end of the fourth week of treatment. No side effects were reported in included studies, and the various needling methods used were safe. Recurrence after treatment was reported in none of these articles, and only one of them reported a 4% recurrence in the second phase of treatment, but no recurrence was reported in the last phase of that study.ConclusionNon‐aggressive microneedling with topical depigmenting agents was more effective than topical depigmenting agents alone, so that the mean MASI score was significantly higher than those who used lightening serum alone. So needling can be suggested as an effective and safe method with low recurrence rate for the treatment of melasma.
The snakes and ladders of legal participation: litigants in person and the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: MCKEEVER GRÁINNE , ROYAL‐DAWSON LUCY , KIRK ELEANOR , MCCORD JOHN 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article reviews the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights for litigants in person (LIPs). LIPs operate in a system that was not designed for them and so challenge the norm of fully represented parties that the system has evolved to expect, creating potential risks for their Article 6 rights. The jurisprudence on Article 6 reveals the centrality of effective participation as a requirement for fulfilling the right to a fair trial. The article views the jurisprudential interpretation against original and significant empirical research data on how LIPs participate in civil and family court processes. It applies a conceptual analysis of legal participation to consider what might constitute effective participation in court proceedings and, through the empirical evidence, categorizes the intellectual, practical, emotional, and attitudinal barriers that LIPs face in their legal proceedings, which can constitute risks to their rights under Article 6.
Child welfare, Indigenous parents, and judicial mediation
Authors: LECKEY ROBERT 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCan judicial mediation within a settler state's justice system improve the experience of dealing with child welfare services for Indigenous parents? Interviews with social workers, lawyers, and judges in the Canadian province of Quebec yield little basis for optimism. Adapting judicial mediation will not suffice to decolonize dispute resolution between Indigenous individuals and the state. Mediation fits uneasily with the severe power disparity in this setting. Moreover, the cautious nature of participants’ recommendations signals the limited adaptive capacity of the settler state's system of civil justice. The recommendations exemplify relatively superficial accommodation, rather than deep engagement with legal pluralism and Indigenous difference. Constraints on the state system's ability to adapt are both legal and cultural. This study contributes to literatures on Indigenous and colonial legal cultures in relation to child welfare, on access to justice for Indigenous peoples, and on mediation in Canada and elsewhere.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a mobile application in the management of dental anxiety: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nalci Gamze , Alaçam Tayfun , Altunkaynak Bülent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe software, which was developed according to the principle of perceived control, can be installed on tablets and smartphones and used by patients to help them control their anxiety.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a specially designed mobile application developed to provide patients with a sense of anxiety control during the various stages of endodontic treatment. The patients' anxiety was assessed by measuring their salivary cortisol levels.MethodsA total of 46 patients requiring endodontic treatment were recruited. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group used the special communication application, while the control group did not. Salivary samples were collected from all patients preoperatively, postanaesthesia, and postoperatively. The samples were analysed with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure the cortisol levels.ResultsA significant difference in cortisol levels was observed between the experimental and the control group (Mann–Whitney U‐test, p < .05). This difference was significant in the experimental group in each step (p < .01). No difference was found in the control group steps (p > .05).ConclusionsPerceived control of anxiety using the specially designed software was effective in reducing salivary cortisol levels.
Supporting the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities 1 year into the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international, mixed methods study of nurses' perspectives
Authors: Desroches Melissa L. , Fisher Kathleen , Ailey Sarah , Stych Judith , McMillan Shirley , Horan Paul , Marsden Daniel , Trip Henrietta , Wilson Nathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the largest public health crisis within a century, the COVID‐19 pandemic has caused long‐term disruption in the support systems of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) across the globe. The purpose of this study was to investigate challenges and ameliorative strategies to supporting the basic care needs of people with IDD 1 year into the pandemic, as experienced by nurses who specialize in IDD nursing. We surveyed a convenience sample of 369 nurses from across North America, Europe, and Australasia using a 52‐item online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to rank the greatest challenges and the degree of support available to nurses, and manifest content analysis was used to analyze open‐ended responses related to ongoing challenges and ameliorative strategies. Results of descriptive analyses revealed consistent findings across global regions in terms of the challenges faced by nurses; the greatest challenges related to supporting or enabling socialization with family/friends, ensuring adequate day programming or educational services, identifying/planning alternative entertainment activities, ensuring adequate staffing of familiar support workers and caregivers, and managing challenging behaviors related to change in daily routine and activities. Nurses described a considerable degree of support offered by their organizations in terms of flexibility in scheduling related to family obligations and paid time off for COVID‐19‐related isolation and quarantine. Content analysis of open‐ended survey responses revealed numerous challenges related to: (1) client socialization, meaningful activity, and mental/behavioral health; (2) interpreting, keeping up with, and helping others to understand COVID‐19 guidelines; (3) access to, quality of, and continuity of care; and (4) COVID‐19 fatigue and the influence of time. Overall, our study highlights ongoing issues with access to care and support, exacerbated by the pandemic, and the importance of having meaningful activity and socialization for overall well‐being of people with IDD during a long‐term public health crisis.
Variations in host surfaces morphology and biology of ciliate epibionts explaining distribution pattern of epibionts in the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)
Authors: Dobrzycka‐Krahel A. , Rolbiecki L. , Karczewski J. , Skóra M. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present paper reports the distribution of Epistylididae (Sessilida) epibiotic ciliates on the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus in relation to specialized structures of the host's exoskeleton for the first time. This species is known to maintain a relatively clean carapace, but it is sometimes overgrown by other organisms. Epibionts cover different parts of the signal crayfish body, mainly antennae, antennules, maxillipedes III and pereiopods with inner edges of chelae; however, some parts of the signal crayfish are not fouled. e.g. dorsal surfaces of the carapace and dorsal surfaces of chelae. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), topographies of different parts of the crayfish's exoskeleton were examined. Our investigations revealed that the epibiosis in the signal crayfish was determined by morphology of body surfaces. No epibionts were found on smooth surfaces with regular single setae (a known design that prevents fouling in aquatic environments). The dimpled surfaces with regular single micro‐papillae may be considered as a newly described example of self‐cleaning surfaces. Bio‐inspired surface patterning presents promising approaches to the design of novel functional surfaces that can prevent biofouling. The new self‐cleaning design may be used in further technological applications.
Factors influencing intention to stay of male nurses: A descriptive predictive study
Authors: Lyu Xiaochen , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Soivong Pratum , Juntasopeepun Phanida 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNurse shortages and nurse attrition are high in many countries, and there is also a dearth of male nurses in the profession. This study aimed to examine the level of intention to stay and ten predictors of this among male nurses in China. A descriptive, predictive study was administered to 480 registered male nurses. Eight research instruments were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. The overall intention to stay in the nursing profession as perceived by male nurses was at a moderate level. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that work group cohesion, transformational leadership, career growth, and job satisfaction were significant predictors, explaining 32.2% of the total variance for intention to stay. The findings of this study provide suggestions for nursing administrators and policymakers to develop appropriate strategies or interventions to increase the intention to stay for male nurses to stay in the profession, based on the four predictors.
Monetary volatility and the dynamics of economic growth: An empirical analysis of an oil‐based economy, 1970–2018
Authors: Algaeed Abdulaziz Hamad , Algethami Basmah S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, and since the first development plan in 1970, Saudi Arabia has controlled the stability of its economy through prudent fiscal policy and tight monetary policy. This study examines the impact of monetary volatility on real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in an oil‐based economy from 1970 to 2018, using the Hodrick–Prescott filtering approach. Although standard methods such as GARCH are used to test volatility, the uniqueness of this study is that it tests the volatility of monetary policy using ordinary least squares (OLS), autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and IRF methods. We find that the standard deviation of the broad money supply and the real interest rate business cycle tends to have a negative impact on real growth in the short and long run, supporting the proposition that a high interest rate negatively affects real growth. We also document that the standard deviation of the real exchange rate business cycle has a positive (negative) effect on real growth in the short and long run and is not statistically significant. This suggests that the volatility of the real exchange rate does not affect real growth. Moreover, the magnitude of the volatility of the coefficients is lower in the long run than in the short run. To achieve sustainable economic growth, policy makers need to plan how to manage the volatility of the money supply and the interest rate in the short run and develop long‐run strategies to manage volatility in the long run. To control monetary volatility, policymakers should also control government spending by dampening the volatility of oil prices, which ultimately affect the money supply and thus stable economic growth.
Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence Impacts Schooling and Labor Market Outcomes for Young Women in India
Authors: Ludwick Teralynn , Ishida Marie , Desai Sapna , Mahal Ajay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a major health and social issue that affects around 30 percent of women globally. This study investigates the relationships through which witnessing IPV in adolescence may impact the labor force participation and employment prospects of women in early adulthood, using a unique dataset from Bihar (India), which surveyed youth (primarily girls) in adolescence and again nine years later. The study examined the relationship between exposure to IPV and labor market outcomes among young women, including intermediate factors likely to influence their employment prospects, such as educational attainment, self‐efficacy, mental health, and soft skills. Witnessing IPV as an adolescent had a negative effect on educational attainment, mental health, and social and behavioral aspects of young women almost nine years later. IPV was not associated with the likelihood of paid employment or participation in skilled work among women, although it was associated with higher levels of labor force participation. These findings suggest that witnessing IPV should be considered one of multiple forms of violence that may expose young women to longer term vulnerability related to poorer educational and employment prospects, mental health, and social networks, with implications for economic and social development far beyond the family.
The HUNT study: Association of comorbidity clusters with long‐term survival and incidence of exacerbation in a population‐based Norwegian COPD cohort
Authors: Vikjord Sigrid Anna Aalberg , Brumpton Ben Michael , Mai Xiao‐Mei , Romundstad Solfrid , Langhammer Arnulf , Vanfleteren Lowie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease often viewed as part of a multimorbidity complex. There is a need for better phenotyping of the disease, characterization of its interplay with other comorbidities and its association with long‐term outcomes. This study aims to examine how clusters of comorbidities are associated with severe exacerbations and mortality in COPD.MethodsParticipants with potential COPD were recruited from the second (1995–1997) and third (2006–2008) survey of the HUNT Study and followed up until April 2020. Ten objectively identified comorbidities were clustered using self‐organizing maps. Severe COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization were assessed using hospital data. All‐cause mortality was collected from national registries. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for the association between comorbidity clusters and all‐cause mortality. Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CI for the cumulative number of severe exacerbations for each cluster.ResultsFive distinct clusters were identified, including ‘less comorbidity’, ‘psychological’, ‘cardiovascular’, ‘metabolic’ and ‘cachectic’ clusters. Using the less comorbidity cluster as reference, the psychological and cachectic clusters were associated with all‐cause mortality (HR 1.23 [1.04–1.45] and HR 1.83 [1.52–2.20], adjusted for age and sex). The same clusters also had increased risk of exacerbations (unadjusted IRR of 1.24 [95% CI 1.04–1.48] and 1.50 [95% CI 1.23–1.83], respectively).ConclusionDuring 25 years of follow‐up, individuals in the psychological and cachectic clusters had increased mortality. Furthermore, these clusters were associated with increased risk of severe COPD exacerbations.
Markups, inequality and monetary‐fiscal policies
Authors: Chu Shiou‐Yen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper reexamines the cyclical behaviors of price markup, profits, and labor share when responding to monetary and fiscal policy shocks in a two‐agent, two‐branch, and two‐sector model. We show that this framework is able to generate procyclical price markup and profits, and countercyclical labor share conditional on expansionary policy shocks. These results are in line with empirical evidences but at odds with the prediction of canonical New Keynesian models. As the share of nondurables in total production decreases, the results reverse. This finding implies expansionary monetary and fiscal policies widen the income inequality between Ricardian households and collateral‐constrained households.
Measuring Knee Joint Laxity in Three Degrees-of-Freedom In Vivo Using a Robotics- and Image-Based Technology
Authors: Kümmerlin Jana , Fabro Hannah Katharina , Pedersen Peter Heide , Jensen Kenneth Krogh , Pedersen Dennis , Andersen Michael Skipper 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accurate and reliable information about three-dimensional (3D) knee joint laxity can prevent misdiagnosis and avoid incorrect treatments. Nevertheless, knee laxity assessments presented in the literature suffer from significant drawbacks such as soft tissue artifacts, restricting the knee within the measurement, and the absence of quantitative knee ligament property information. In this study, we demonstrated the applicability of a novel methodology for measuring 3D knee laxity, combining robotics- and image-based technology. As such technology has never been applied to healthy living subjects, the aims of this study were to develop novel technology to measure 3D knee laxity in vivo and to provide proof-of-concept 3D knee laxity measurements. To measure tibiofemoral movements, four healthy subjects were placed on a custom-built arthrometer located inside a low dose biplanar X-ray system with an approximately 60 deg knee flexion angle. Anteroposterior and mediolateral translation as well as internal and external rotation loads were subsequently applied to the unconstrained leg, which was placed inside a pneumatic cast boot. Bone contours were segmented in the obtained X-rays, to which subject-specific bone geometries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were registered. Afterward, tibiofemoral poses were computed. Measurements of primary and secondary laxity revealed considerable interpersonal differences. The method differs from those available by the ability to accurately track secondary laxity of the unrestricted knee and to apply coupled forces in multiple planes. Our methodology can provide reliable information for academic knee ligament research as well as for clinical diagnostics in the future.
A Novel, Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioreactor for Load-Controlled Cyclic Loading of Tendon Explants
Authors: Pedaprolu Krishna , Szczesny Spencer E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A major risk factor for tendinopathy is tendon overuse (i.e., fatigue loading). Fatigue loading of tendon damages the extracellular matrix and induces tissue degeneration. However, the specific mechanisms linking tendon fatigue damage with tissue degeneration are unclear. While explant models of tendon fatigue loading have been used to address this knowledge gap, they predominantly employ bioreactors that apply cyclic displacements/strains rather than loads/stresses, which are more physiologically relevant. This is because of the technical complexity and cost of building a load-controlled bioreactor, which requires multiple motors, load cells, and computationally intensive feedback loops. Here, we present a novel, low-cost, load-controlled bioreactor that applies cyclic loading to multiple tendon explants by offloading weights from a single motorized stage. Using an optional load cell, we validated that the bioreactor can effectively provide load-controlled fatigue testing of mouse and rat tendon explants while maintaining tissue viability. Furthermore, all the design files, bill of materials, and operating software are available “open source”1 so that anyone can easily manufacture and use the bioreactor for their own research. Therefore, this novel load-controlled bioreactor will enable researchers to study the mechanisms driving fatigue-induced tendon degeneration in a more physiologically relevant and cost-effective manner.
The Elephant in the Cell: Nuclear Mechanics and Mechanobiology
Authors: Jones Michelle L. , Dahl Kris Noel , Lele Tanmay P. , Conway Daniel E. , Shenoy Vivek , Ghosh Soham , Szczesny Spencer E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe 2021 Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference (SB3C) featured a workshop titled “The Elephant in the Room: Nuclear Mechanics and Mechanobiology.” The goal of this workshop was to provide a perspective from experts in the field on the current understanding of nuclear mechanics and its role in mechanobiology. This paper reviews the major themes and questions discussed during the workshop, including historical context on the initial methods of measuring the mechanical properties of the nucleus and classifying the primary structures dictating nuclear mechanics, physical plasticity of the nucleus, the emerging role of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex in coupling the nucleus to the cytoplasm and driving the behavior of individual cells and multicellular assemblies, and the computational models currently in use to investigate the mechanisms of gene expression and cell signaling. Ongoing questions and controversies, along with promising future directions, are also discussed.
A Free-Standing, Silent, Micro/Mesoscale Combustion-Powered Thermoelectric Generator Based on Natural Convection Cooling
Authors: Tulu Mikiyas Bekele , Li Guoneng , Alemayehu Dawit Bogale , Yi Minbo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the world has become increasingly interested in power generation using thermoelectric generators (TEG) because of the advantage of converting heat directly to electricity. In this work, experimental studies have been carried out on micro/mesoscale combustor-powered thermoelectric generators (MCP-TEG) to evaluate the influence of different types of heat sinks on the cold side of MCP-TEG. The micro/mesoscale combustor was connected with Bi2Te3 based TEG1-12708 thermoelectric modules from both sides along with a heat sink on the cold side of the modules. The system uses natural convection cooling with a flat-plate aluminum heat sink. The MCP-TEG generates electrical power of 0.242 W with an overall efficiency of 0.3% at a hot-end temperature of 351 K. Power load feature and time history tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the MCP-TEG system and comparisons of various related studies were made.