bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partnered pharmacist medication charting (PPMC) in regional and rural general medical patients
Authors: Tong Erica Y. , Hua Phuong U. , Edwards Gail , Van Dyk Eleanor , Yip Gary , Mitra Biswadev , Dooley Michael J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveErrors in hospital medication charts are commonly encountered and have been associated with morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the impact of the Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC) model on medication errors in general medical patients admitted to rural and regional hospitals.Design/MethodA prospective cohort study, comparing before and after the introduction of PPMC was conducted in 13 rural and regional health services. This included a 1‐month pre‐intervention phase and 3‐month intervention phase. In the intervention phase, PPMC was implemented as a new model of care in general medical units.SettingVictoria, Australia.ParticipantsPatients admitted to General Medical Units.Outcome MeasureThe proportion of medication charts with at least one error was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included inpatient length of stay (LOS), risk stratification of medication errors, Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls, transfers to ICU and hospital readmission.ResultsOf the 669 patients who received standard medical charting during the pre‐intervention period, 446 (66.7%) had at least one medication error identified compared to 64 patients (9.5%) using PPMC model (p < 0.001). There were 1361 medication charting errors identified during pre‐intervention and 80 in the post‐intervention. The median (interquartile range) inpatient length of stay was 4.8 (2.7–10.8) in the pre‐intervention and 3.7 days (2.0–7.0) among patients that received PPMC (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe PPMC model was successfully scaled across rural and regional Victoria as a medication safety strategy. The model was associated with significantly lower rates of medication errors, lower severity of errors and shorter inpatient length of stay.
A prognostic classification system for uveal melanoma based on a combination of patient age and sex, the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Cancer Genome Atlas models
Authors: Gill Viktor T. , Sabazade Shiva , Herrspiegel Christina , Ewens Kathryn G. , Opalko Adrianna , Dan Nicole , Christersdottir Tinna , Berg Rendahl Alexander , Shields Carol L. , Seregard Stefan , Ganguly Arupa , Stålhammar Gustav 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo revisit the independent importance of ciliary body involvement (CBI), monosomy 3 (M3), tumour size, histological and clinical factors in uveal melanoma (UM) and to devise a new prognostic classification based on a combination of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) models.MethodsTwo cohorts with a total of 1796 patients were included. Clinicopathological factors were compared between patients with and without CBI and M3. Development of the prognostic classification was performed in a training cohort and was then tested in two independent validation cohorts.ResultsTumours with CBI were more common in women, had greater apical thickness, greater basal tumour diameter, greater rates of vasculogenic mimicry and greater rates of M3, were more often asymptomatic at diagnosis and had poorer 5‐ and 10‐year globe conservation rates (p < 0.023). In multivariate logistic regression, patient age at diagnosis, tumour diameter and CBI were independent predictors of M3 (p < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression, male sex, age at diagnosis, tumour diameter, M3 and CBI were independent predictors of metastasis. The proposed prognostic classification combined patient age, sex, CBI, extraocular extension, M3, 8q (optional) and tumour size, and demonstrated greater prognostic acumen than both AJCC 4 T categories and TCGA groups A to D in validation cohorts.ConclusionsTumour size does not confound the prognostic implication of CBI, M3, male sex and age at diagnosis in UM. These factors were included in a new prognostic classification that outperforms AJCC T category and TCGA groups.
Antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein in mothers and children from delivery to six months later
Authors: Martin‐Vicente María , Carrasco Itziar , Muñoz‐Gomez María José , Lobo Alicia Hernanz , Mas Vicente , Vigil‐Vázquez Sara , Vázquez Mónica , Manzanares Angela , Cano Olga , Alonso Roberto , Sepúlveda‐Crespo Daniel , Tarancón‐Díez Laura , Muñoz‐Fernández María Ángeles , Muñoz‐Chapuli Mar , Resino Salvador , Navarro Maria Luisa , Martinez Isidoro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein protect from severe disease. This study analyzes the antibody titers to SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein in pregnant women and their newborns at delivery, and six months later.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study on pregnant women with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and newborns. Antibody (IgG, IgM, and IgA) titers were determined using immunoassays in serum and milk samples. An angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor‐binding inhibition assay to the S protein was performed on the same serum and milk samples.ResultsAt birth, antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein were detected in 81.9% of mothers' sera, 78.9% of cord blood samples, and 63.2% of milk samples. Symptomatic women had higher antibody titers (IgG, IgM, and IgA) than the asymptomatic ones (P < 0.05). At six months postpartum, IgG levels decreased drastically in children's serum (P < 0.001) but remained high in mothers' serum. Antibody titers correlated positively with its capacity to inhibit the ACE2–spike protein interaction at baseline in maternal sera (R2 = 0.203; P < 0.001), cord sera (R2 = 0.378; P < 0.001), and milk (R2 = 0.564; P < 0.001), and at six months in maternal sera (R2 = 0.600; P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh antibody levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein were found in most pregnant women. Due to the efficient transfer of IgG to cord blood and high IgA titers in breast milk, neonates may be passively immunized to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Our findings could guide newborn management and maternal vaccination policies.
The integrin ligand SVEP1 regulates GPCR‐mediated vasoconstriction via integrins α9β1 and α4β1
Authors: Morris Gavin E. , Denniff Matthew J. , Karamanavi Elisavet , Andrews Sarah A. , Kostogrys Renata B. , Bountziouka Vasiliki , Ghaderi‐Najafabadi Maryam , Shamkhi Noor , McConnell George , Kaiser Michael A. , Carleton Laura , Schofield Christine , Kessler Thorsten , Rainbow Richard D. , Samani Nilesh J. , Webb Thomas R. 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeVascular tone is regulated by the relative contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Several integrins directly modulate VSMC contraction by regulating calcium influx through L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Genetic variants in ITGA9, which encodes the α9 subunit of integrin α9β1, and SVEP1, a ligand for integrin α9β1, associate with elevated blood pressure; however, neither SVEP1 nor integrin α9β1 has reported roles in vasoregulation. We determined whether SVEP1 and integrin α9β1 can regulate VSMC contraction.Experimental ApproachSVEP1 and integrin binding were confirmed by immunoprecipitation and cell binding assays. Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived VSMCs were used in in vitro [Ca2+]i studies, and aortas from a Svep1+/− knockout mouse model were used in wire myography to measure vessel contraction.Key ResultsWe confirmed the ligation of SVEP1 to integrin α9β1 and additionally found SVEP1 to directly bind to integrin α4β1. Inhibition of SVEP1, integrin α4β1 or α9β1 significantly enhanced [Ca2+]i levels in isolated VSMCs to Gαq/11‐vasoconstrictors. This response was confirmed in whole vessels where a greater contraction to U46619 was seen in vessels from Svep1+/− mice compared to littermate controls or when integrin α4β1 or α9β1 was inhibited. Inhibition studies suggested that this effect was mediated via VGCCs, PKC and Rho A/Rho kinase dependent mechanisms.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur studies reveal a novel role for SVEP1 and the integrins α4β1 and α9β1 in reducing VSMC contractility. This could provide an explanation for the genetic associations with blood pressure risk at the SVEP1 and ITGA9 loci.
Clinicopathological characteristics of individuals with coexisting melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Fisher Rachel Mary , Ji-Xu Antonio , Abbott Rachel , Basu Tanya , Brown Alistair , Foley Catherine , Glen Catriona , Gupta Girish , Hasan Zeeshaan , Ismail Ferina , Khalid Amina , Khoo Andre B. S. , Koumaki Dimitra , Lally Aoife , Lear John T. , McGrath Emily Jane , McKenna Kein , Milligan Alan , Mulholland Orlagh , Tasker Fiona , Harwood Catherine A. , Proby Charlotte M. , Matin Rubeta N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Individuals with a prior diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) have a higher risk of developing melanoma and exhibit poorer outcomes than patients without CLL. However, there are limited data reporting the clinicopathological features of melanoma diagnosed in patients with CLL.

Aims
To review clinicopathological characteristics of patients with coexisting diagnoses of melanoma and CLL.

Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken for patients with coexisting diagnoses of melanoma and CLL between 2005 and 2015 in 11 centres in the UK and Ireland.

Results
Overall, 46 cutaneous melanomas identified in 45 patients were included. In 28 (62.2%) patients, melanoma was diagnosed after an existing diagnosis of CLL. In this group, mean Breslow thickness was 2.7 mm (range 0.2–25 mm). Ten patients (35.7%) developed locoregional recurrence and 8 (28.6%) developed distant metastases. Melanoma-specific mortality was 5 of 28 (17.9%) and all-cause mortality was 13 of 28 (46.4%). In 17 patients, melanoma was diagnosed before CLL. In this group, mean BT was 2.9 mm (range 0.4–14 mm); five patients (29.4%) developed locoregional recurrence and three (17.6%) developed distant metastases. Melanoma-specific mortality was 1 of 17 (5.8%) and all-cause mortality was 5 of 17 (29.4%) in this group.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first and largest cohort study to report clinicopathological data of coexisting melanoma and CLL in the UK and Ireland. Although the thickness of primary melanoma was not different before or after a CLL diagnosis, melanoma recurrence and melanoma-specific mortality appear to be more common in patients with a prior diagnosis of CLL.
Knowledge about the emergency management of dental injuries among field hockey coaches
Authors: van Vliet Kirsten E. , Brand Henk S. , Lobbezoo Frank , de Lange Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground/AimField hockey is frequently associated with oro‐dental injuries. In such acute situations, appropriate management of the injury by coaches can contribute to a better clinical outcome and prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of hockey coaches in the Netherlands about the emergency management of dental injuries.Material and MethodsA 25‐item questionnaire about the prevalence and management of oro‐dental injuries was distributed amongst hockey coaches in the Netherlands. A sub‐analysis was done regarding the knowledge on the management of dental injuries by using a 5‐point scoring system.ResultsTwo hundred and six hockey coaches participated in this survey. A small majority (53%) of the coaches knew the treatment of choice in the event of a permanent tooth injury. The median score of coaches' knowledge regarding management of oro‐dental injuries was 3.0 (2.0–4.0) points. Coaches with a (para)medical training/occupation, and coaches with >10 years of experience had significantly higher scores compared with the other groups (p < .01 and p = .03, respectively).ConclusionsThe knowledge level of hockey coaches in the Netherlands about oro‐dental injuries needs to be improved, as many coaches are not aware of the appropriate first aid measures.
Exploring electrophysiological markers of auditory predictive processes and pathological ageing in adults with Down's syndrome
Authors: Avancini Chiara , Jennings Sally , Chennu Srivas , Noreika Valdas , Le April , Bekinschtein Tristan A. , Walpert Madeleine J. , Clare Isabel C. H. , Holland Anthony J. , Zaman Shahid H. , Ring Howard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDown's syndrome is associated with pathological ageing and a propensity for early‐onset Alzheimer's disease. The early symptoms of dementia in people with Down's syndrome may reflect frontal lobe vulnerability to amyloid deposition. Auditory predictive processes rely on the bilateral auditory cortices with the recruitment of frontal cortices and appear to be impaired in pathologies characterized by compromised frontal lobe. Hence, auditory predictive processes were investigated to assess Down's syndrome pathology and its relationship with pathological ageing. An auditory electroencephalography (EEG) global–local paradigm was presented to the participants, in which oddball stimuli could either violate local or higher level global rules. We characterised predictive processes in individuals with Down's syndrome and their relationship with pathological ageing, with a focus on the EEG event‐related potential called Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and the P300. In Down's syndrome, we also evaluated the EEG components as predictor of cognitive decline 1 year later. We found that predictive processes of detection of auditory violations are overall preserved in Down's syndrome but also that the amplitude of the MMN to local deviancies decreases with age. However, the 1‐year follow‐up of Down's syndrome found that none of the ERPs measures predicted subsequent cognitive decline. The present study provides a novel characterization of electrophysiological markers of local and global predictive processes in Down's syndrome.
Striatal mechanisms of turning behaviour following unilateral dopamine depletion in mice
Authors: Yu Chunxiu , Jiang Tony Tianlun , Shoemaker Charles T. , Fan David , Rossi Mark A. , Yin Henry H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnilateral dopamine (DA) depletion produces ipsiversive turning behaviour, and the injection of DA receptor agonists can produce contraversive turning, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted in vivo recording and pharmacological and optogenetic manipulations to study the role of DA and striatal output in turning behaviour. We used a video‐based tracking programme while recording single unit activity in both putative medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) and fast‐spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the dorsal striatum bilaterally. Our results suggest that unilateral DA depletion reduced striatal output from the depleted side, resulting in asymmetric striatal output. Depletion systematically altered activity in both MSNs and FSIs, especially in neurons that increased firing during turning movements. Like D1 agonist SKF 38393, optogenetic stimulation in the depleted striatum increased striatal output and reversed biassed turning. These results suggest that relative striatal outputs from the two cerebral hemispheres determine the direction of turning: Mice turn away from the side of higher striatal output and towards the side of the lower striatal output.
Identification of responsible amino acid residues in staphylococcal superantigen‐like 12 for the activation of mast cells
Authors: Kim Gwangdong , Itoh Saotomo , Ito Yuma , Ohya Susumu , Hida Shigeaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStaphylococcal superantigen‐like 12 (SSL12) is reported to evoke the degranulation in murine mast cells. The allelic variant of SSL12 in the genome of reference strain NCTC8325 induced the degranulation of murine mast cells, that of MRSA252 strain did not, nevertheless relatively high sequence similarity (82%). To identify responsible amino acid residues of SSL12 for mast cell activation, we created a series of domain swap mutants and amino acid substitution mutants between the active and inactive variants. The mutants that harbored oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB)‐fold domain of the active variant activated mast cells. The replacement at position 56 (L56F) in the OB‐fold domain diminished the mast cell stimulatory activity, and the combinatorial substitutions L56F/K92E, L56F/D95S, and L56F/S100V abolished the stimulatory activities of the mutant that harbored OB‐fold domain of the active variant and the intact active variant. These indicate that the responsive elements of SSL12 for mast cell activation are in the OB‐fold of SSL12, and L56 would be an essential amino acid residue for the activation of mast cells. The findings would contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of SSL12 for mast cell activation and the development of toxoids preventing allergic inflammations associated with Staphylococcus aureus.
FGF23 and SOX9 expression in haemophilic cartilage: In vitro studies of the effects of iron
Authors: Zheng Liujie , Han Zhiwei , Luo Dasheng , Li Jiale , Ye Houlong , Feng Ru , Zhong Qigang , Jing Juehua , Yao Yunfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionClarifying the links between iron and FGF23, SOX9 expression in chondrocytes would be helpful for comprehending articular cartilage degradation pathogenesis in blood‐induced arthritis and exploring new protective methods.AimThe purpose of this study was to determine iron regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and SRY‐box 9 (SOX9) in human chondrocytes, an area which is unexplored in blood‐induced arthritis cartilage degradation pathogenesis.MethodsExpression of FGF23, SOX9, MMP13 and collagen Ⅱ in articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or haemophilic arthritis (HA) was determined by western blot (WB). Iron‐induced FGF23 and SOX9 mRNA and protein expression in primary human normal chondrocyte cells (HUM‐iCell‐s018) was quantified by qRT‐PCR and WB, respectively.ResultsWe found that compared with OA patients, the expression of FGF23, MMP13 in articular cartilage of patients with HA was up‐regulated, while the expression of SOX9, collagen Ⅱ was down‐regulated. Iron‐induced FGF23 and suppressed SOX9 expression in chondrocytes in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated that iron was involved in hemophilic cartilage lesion directly via changing cartilage phenotype through regulation of FGF23 and SOX9 expression in chondrocytes.
A new model for categorizing cognitive biases and debiasing strategies in dermatology
Authors: Yesudian Rohan I , Yesudian Paul D 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCognitive biases are a significant cause of medical error. They arise from “system 1” thinking, which depends on heuristics to make quick decisions in complex situations. Heuristics make us “predictably irrational,” distorting our ability to accurately assess probabilities in clinical scenarios. It is well reported in the literature that metacognition, the art of reflecting on one's thought processes, is the optimal way to deal with cognitive biases. However, it is unclear how this can be consistently implemented in dermatological practice. Our debiasing attempts thus far have been sporadic at best. This article categorizes important cognitive biases according to each stage of the doctor–patient interaction (history taking, clinical examination, investigations, diagnosis, and management). We hope that providing this clinically relevant framework can foster metacognition and a platform for algorithmic debiasing. This will enable us to engage “system 2” (analytical thinking) in a targeted way, thereby avoiding excessive cognitive load. Organization‐level interventions should also be implemented to free up the cognitive capacity of an individual and to enable them to employ system 2 thinking more regularly.
Analysis of bacterial diversity and genetic evolution of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolates in fermentation pit mud
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Dong Yun , Xiang Fanshu , Wang Yurong , Hou Qiangchuan , Ni Hui , Cai Wenchao , Liu Wenhui , Yang Shaoyong , Guo Zhuang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Since little is known about the genetic diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from the fermentation pit mud (FPM), we sought to evaluate the bacterial structure, identify the LAB isolates and investigate the genotype and genetic diversity of the LAB isolates.

Methods and Results
Using high-throughput MiSeq sequencing, we identified seven dominant bacterial genera in FPM. Lactobacillus had the highest abundance. We isolated 55 LAB strains. These isolates were all identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Using an extant multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, isolates were assigned to 18 sequence types (STs) and three clonal complexes. ST1, the largest group, mainly comprised FPM isolates. Niche-specific ST2 to ST18 only contained FPM isolates. Isolates could be divided into four lineages, with most assigned to Lineage 1. Only one FPM isolate was classified as L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Other isolates could not be classified at the subspecies level using the seven MLST loci.

Conclusions
Lactobacilli account for a high proportion of bacteria in pit mud. Based on the traditional culture method, L. paracasei was the dominant species, and these isolates exhibit a high ethanol tolerance, high intraspecific diversity and specific genetic profiles.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The study described the characterization of FPM bacterial diversity, giving an insight into the genetic diversity of L. paracasei strains present in FPM.
Intracellular trehalose accumulation via the Agt1 transporter promotes freeze–thaw tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Anqi , Gibney Patrick A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis study is to investigate the use of a constitutively expressed trehalose transport protein to directly control intracellular trehalose levels and protect baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells against freeze–thaw stress in vivo.Methods and ResultsWe used a constitutively overexpressed Agt1 transporter to investigate the role of trehalose in the freeze–thaw tolerance of yeast cells by regulating intracellular trehalose concentrations independently of intracellular biosynthesis. Using this method, we found that increasing intracellular trehalose in yeast cells improved cell survival rate after 8 days of freezing at −80 and −20°C. We also observed that freeze–thaw tolerance promoted by intracellular trehalose only occurs in highly concentrated cell pellets rather than cells in liquid suspension.ConclusionsTrehalose is sufficient to provide freeze–thaw tolerance using our Agt1 overexpression system. Freeze–thaw tolerance can be further enhanced by deletion of genes encoding intracellular trehalose degradation enzymes.Significance and Impact of StudyThese findings are relevant to improving the freeze–thaw tolerance of baker's yeast in the frozen baked goods industry through engineering strains that can accumulate intracellular trehalose via a constitutively expressed trehalose transporter and inclusion of trehalose into the growth medium.