bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident Depression and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Canadian Laboratory Medicine Trainees
Authors: Han Rachel , Hahn Elan , Done Susan J. , Pun Cherry , Shivji Sameer , Lu Fang-I 
Published: July 2022

Context.—Resident physicians face a higher rate of burnout and depression than the general population. Few studies have examined burnout and depression in Canadian laboratory medicine residents, and none during the COVID-19 pandemic.Objective.—To identify the prevalence of burnout and depression, contributing factors, and the impact of COVID-19 in this population.Design.—An electronic survey was distributed to Canadian laboratory medicine residents. Burnout was assessed using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9.Results.—Seventy-nine responses were collected. The prevalence of burnout was 63% (50 of 79). The prevalence of depression was 47% (37 of 79). Modifiable factors significantly associated with burnout included career dissatisfaction, below average academic performance, lack of time off for illness, stress related to finances, lack of a peer or staff physician mentor, and a high level of fatigue. Modifiable factors significantly associated with depression further included a lack of access to wellness resources, lack of time off for leisure, and fewer hours of sleep. Fifty-five percent (41 of 74) of participants reported direct impacts to their personal circumstances by the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions.—Burnout and depression are significant issues affecting Canadian laboratory medicine residents. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, we recommend the institution of flexible work arrangements, protected time off for illness and leisure, ongoing evaluation of career satisfaction, formal and informal wellness programming with trainee input, formal mentorship programming, and a financial literacy curriculum as measures to improve trainee wellness.
Melancolía y temporalidad exílica
Authors: Pérez Baquero Rafael 
Published: July 2022

El propósito de este artículo es el de analizar las condiciones y potencialidades derivadas de la fijación en el pasado que caracteriza a algunas producciones culturales del exilio español de 1939. Profundizando en la noción de “temporalidad exílica”, recuperaremos el debate contemporáneo en torno a su proyección en la España democrática. Desde el interior del mismo, ofreceremos argumentos a través de una indagación filosófica sobre la noción de melancolía que intenta trascender los enfoques clásicos respecto a la misma. En base a esta interpretación, defenderemos que la recuperación de un pretérito doloroso por parte de los exiliados que regresaron a España no es un índice de una memoria patológica y auto-complaciente. Al contrario, es la semilla para revelar los déficits y lagunas del proceso transicional español; en lo que se refiere a la recuperación simbólica y material de las víctimas asociadas al bando vencido en la guerra civil.
Evaluating pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practices toward amiodarone cross-reactivity with iodine: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Alshehab Nura Abdullah , Alhumaid Munirah Abdullah , Alabdulwahed Mohammed Abdulrazaq , Almulhim Abdulaziz Saleh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Iodine is a vital mineral of the human body that acts by maintaining the health of the thyroid gland. Research has shown that iodine-rich food allergy (i.e., seafood allergy) is not caused by iodine itself; instead, it is caused by other proteins including tropomyosin and parvalbumin in shellfish and fish, respectively. Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic agent containing a significant amount of iodine.

Objective
This study’s objective was to assess pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the misconception of iodine allergy and the cross-reactivity with amiodarone.

Methods
In February 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted by sending out an online survey to three pharmaceutical organizations (Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Kuwait Pharmaceutical Association, and Oman Pharmaceutical Society). Additionally, an electronic questionnaire was administered to pharmacists attending the Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition 2020 (DUPHAT). Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, when appropriate, were used to compare categorical variables. The statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software.

Results
Data were collected from 66 respondents. However, only 61 (92.4%) were included in the final analysis following the exclusion of incomplete responses. The mean age of participants was 35 ± 8.48 years. The majority of participants did not have the Board of Pharmacy Specialties Certification (54.1%). Moreover, (41%) of participants licensed as pharmacists with more than 10 years of initial pharmacy licensure. Forty-three (70.5%) of participants had the misconception that iodine allergy should be considered before amiodarone administration, 20/32 (62.5%) of whom considered iodine allergy alone thought that premedication with corticosteroids and/or antihistamines is necessary. Concerning iodine allergy and amiodarone use, there was no significant difference in knowledge between the pharmacists who have board certification and those who did not.

Conclusion
Pharmacists’ misconception concerning iodine allergy and cross-reactivity with amiodarone was evident. Implementation of educational programs targeting pharmacists is necessary to correct these misconceptions.
Herbal Medicine Products Sold in Nigeria: A Pilot Survey
Authors: Adigwe Obi Peter , Fatokun Omolola Temitope , Benefit Esievo Kevwe , Ibrahim Jemilat Aliyu , Adzu Bulus , Isimi Christianah Yetunde 
Published: July 2022

Background: The use of herbal medicine is believed to be on the increase. There is a gradual shift from the use of crude drugs to well packaged, developed and registered herbal medicinal product. Evidence of this trend in Nigeria is seen in the increasing number of herbal medicine products on store shelves.
Objectives: The aim of the survey was to examine and document herbal medicine products sold in retail stores, pharmacies, generally closed and open markets in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and neighbouring localities.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study using open ended semi-structured questionnaires and data collection tool was employed; descriptive and inferential statistics were done.
Results and Discussion: Open markets primarily stocked crude drugs (95.7%). In the open markets, only 26.1% of stalls had herbal medicine products. Over 70% of herbal medicines consumed in the FCT were administered orally. Sixty-eight percent of herbal medicine products were made in Nigeria with indications centred around bitters and detoxification (26.4%), fertility and aphrodisiac (16.7%), diabetes and cardiovascular disease (10%). Only 39.3% of products had a form of NAFDAC registration/listing. In the open markets, a huge gap exists in the knowledge of branding, packaging and registration of herbal medicines.
Conclusion: There is a need to educate traditional medicine practitioners on the essence of drug development and packaging to improve acceptability, national relevance and international recognition. Herbal medicine producers must be further enlightened on the registration requirements and encouraged to register their products.
Hysteretic sediment fluxes in rainfall‐driven soil erosion: Particle size effects
Authors: Cheraghi Mohsen , Jomaa Seifeddine , Sander Graham C. , Barry D. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA detailed laboratory study was conducted to examine the effects of particle size on hysteretic sediment transport under time‐varying rainfall. A rainfall pattern composed of seven sequential stepwise varying rainfall intensities (30, 37.5, 45, 60, 45, 37.5, and 30 mm h−1), each of 20 min duration, was applied to a 5 m × 2 m soil erosion flume. The soil in the flume was initially dried, ploughed to a depth of 20 cm and had a mechanically smoothed surface. Flow rates and sediment concentration data for seven particle size classes (<2, 2–20, 20–50, 50–100, 100–315, 315–1000, and >1000 µm) were measured in the flume effluent. Clockwise hysteresis loops in the sediment concentration versus discharge curves were measured for the total eroded soil and the finer particle sizes (<2, 2–20, and 20–50 µm). However, for particle sizes greater than 50 µm, hysteresis effects decreased and suspended concentrations tended to vary linearly with discharge. The Hairsine and Rose (HR) soil erosion model agreed well with the experimental data for the total eroded soil and for the finer particle size classes (up to 50 µm). For the larger particle size classes, the model provided reasonable qualitative agreement with the measurements although the fit was poor for the largest size class (>1000 µm). Overall, it is found that hysteresis varies amongst particle sizes and that the predictions of the HR model are consistent with hysteretic behavior of different sediment size classes.
Oral Cancer Cells Release Vesicles that Cause Pain
Authors: Dubeykovskaya Zinaida A. , Tu Nguyen Huu , Garcia Paulina D. Ramírez , Schmidt Brian L. , Albertson Donna G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOral cancer pain is attributed to the release from cancers of mediators that sensitize and activate sensory neurons. Intraplantar injection of conditioned media (CM) from human tongue cancer cell line HSC‐3 or OSC‐20 evokes nociceptive behavior. By contrast, CM from noncancer cell lines, DOK, and HaCaT are non‐nociceptive. Pain mediators are carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells. Depletion of EVs from cancer cell line CM reverses mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. CM from non‐nociceptive cell lines become nociceptive when reconstituted with HSC‐3 EVs. Two miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐21‐5p and hsa‐miR‐221‐3p) are identified that are present in increased abundance in EVs from HSC‐3 and OSC‐20 CM compared to HaCaT CM. The miRNA target genes suggest potential involvement in oral cancer pain of the toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) and 8 (TLR8) pathways, as well as signaling through interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer receptor (gp130, encoded by IL6ST) and colony stimulating factor receptor (G‐CSFR, encoded by CSF3R), Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3). These studies confirm the recent discovery of the role of cancer EVs in pain and add to the repertoire of algesic and analgesic cancer pain mediators and pathways that contribute to oral cancer pain.
A Generalizable Approach to Direct the Self‐Assembly of Functional Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Emeršič Tadej , Bagchi Kushal , Martínez‐González José A. , Li Xiao , de Pablo Juan J. , Nealey Paul F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlue phases (BPs) are soft and stimuli‐responsive photonic crystals that are interesting for sensing, display, and lasing applications. Polycrystallinity has, however, limited both the study and applicability of BPs. Continuum simulations, which lack molecule‐specific details, predict that striped chemical patterns, consisting of alternating homeotropic and planar regions, can be used to nucleate single crystals of BPs. Here it is experimentally demonstrated that, independent of the chemistry and complexity of the BP forming material, chemical patterns direct the self‐assembly of BPs; these results indicate that a general, thermodynamics‐based continuum description of BP self‐assembly is adequate for a broad range of materials. When the pattern periodicity equals the BPII unit cell size, single crystals with (100) orientation form for all studied materials. Chemical patterns also promote the growth of BPI crystals with (110) orientation. Importantly, the self‐assembly of a photopolymerizable BP is directed and thermally stable, UV‐polymerized single crystals are prepared. The ability to create arbitrarily large, polymeric photonic single crystals with uniform lattice orientation, may have broad implications for optical applications.
Efficient and Chiral Electroluminescence from In‐Plane Heterostructure of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
Authors: Wada Naoki , Pu Jiang , Takaguchi Yuhei , Zhang Wenjin , Liu Zheng , Endo Takahiko , Irisawa Toshifumi , Matsuda Kazunari , Miyauchi Yuhei , Takenobu Taishi , Miyata Yasumitsu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are attractive materials for future optoelectronic applications because of their excellent electrical, optical, and quantum (spin‐valley) properties. In particular, in‐plane heterostructures based on TMDC monolayers provide opportunities to directly modulate band structures and lattice strains by the spatial distribution of constituent elements, leading to efficient control of their carrier transport and recombination. However, it is still challenging to create light‐emitting devices using such in‐plane heterostructures because of the technical difficulties associated with sample/device fabrication. This study demonstrated interfacial electroluminescence (EL) in diverse TMDC monolayer in‐plane heterostructures. Various combinations of large‐area, single‐crystalline in‐plane heterostructures with sharp interfaces are grown by chemical vapor deposition, followed by the adoption of electrolyte‐based light‐emitting devices to observe EL. The fine heterostructures enabled the capture of the linear‐shaped EL fixed along the junction interfaces. Significantly, the WS2/WSe2 in‐plane heterostructures exhibited circularly polarized EL with polarizability of 10% at room temperature. This can be explained by the interfacial strain‐mediated electronic structure evolution, in which the combination of electric fields and strain‐induced valley drifts realizes selective EL from the K/K’ valley. These findings pave the way for expanding the potential of monolayer in‐plane heterostructures for use in functional optoelectronic devices.
Ionic Liquid Stabilized Perovskite Solar Modules with Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 20%
Authors: Wang Yulong , Yang Yufei , Li Neng , Hu Min , Raga Sonia R. , Jiang Yang , Wang Chao , Zhang Xiao‐Li , Lira‐Cantu Monica , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) when fabricated as mm‐sized devices, but creation of high‐performing large‐area modules that are stable on a sufficiently long timescale still presents a significant challenge. Herein, the quality of large‐area perovskite film is improved by using ionic liquid additives via forming a new Pb‐N bonding between the ionic liquid and Pb2+. This new bond can be modulated by a critical screening of the anion structure of the ionic liquid. The selected ionic liquid effectively reduces the defects of the perovskite films and markedly elongate their carrier lifetimes. As a result, a champion PCE of 24.4% for small‐area (0.148 cm2) devices and 20.4% for larger‐area (10.0 cm2) modules under AM 1.5G irradiation is achieved. More importantly, the modified devices retain 90% of their peak PCE after aging for 1900 h at 65 ± 5 °C (ISOS‐T‐1) and 80% after continuous light soaking for 750 h. The non‐encapsulated modules maintained 80% of their peak PCE after 1100 h of aging in the air with a relative humidity of 35 ± 5% and temperature of 25 ± 5 °C under dark (ISOS‐D‐1), showing great potential for future commercialization.
Electro‐Optic Effect of ZnO Microcavity and Active Dynamic Lasing Mode Modulation
Authors: Li Zhuxin , Zhao Jie , Liu Wei , Zhu Yizhi , Chen Jinping , Xu Wenxiong , Xia Chuansheng , Wang Ru , Cui Qiannan , Shi Zengliang , Xu Chunxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectro‐optic effect, as a physical effect of electric field modulating refractive index, is widely applied to modulate lasing modes dynamically. However, the modulation is operated passively in general. It means that the lasing is generated in a resonance cavity and the modes are regulated externally in different materials and spaces. It will be highly favorable for optoelectronic integration and other applications when a gain medium with electro‐optic effect is applied to design an optical microcavity, integrating optical pumping and electro‐optic modulation. In this work, a hexagonal ZnO microrod is pumped optically to generate UV lasing with an electric field applied to modulate dynamically the resonance wavelength. When the electric field is parallel to the ZnO C‐axis, the refractive index variation is correlated linearly with the electric field strength (Pockels effect). When the electric field is perpendicular to the ZnO C‐axis, the refractive index variation shows a quadratic increase tendency with the increase of the electric field strength (Kerr electro‐optic effect). The whispering‐gallery lasing modes are dynamically modulated by applying an electric field successfully. In one word, lasing generation and modulation are integrated in the same microcavity based on both 1st and 2nd order electro‐optic effect.
The pleiotropic effects of α‐thalassemia on HbSS and HbSC sickle cell disease: Reduced erythrocyte cation co‐transport activity, serum erythropoietin, and transfusion burden, do not translate into increased survival
Authors: Brewin John N. , Nardo‐Marino Amina , Stuart‐Smith Sara , El Hoss Sara , Hanneman Anke , Strouboulis John , Menzel Stephan , Gibson John S. , Rees David C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstractα‐Thalassemia is one of the most important genetic modulators of sickle cell disease (SCD). Both beneficial and detrimental effects have been described previously. We use a 12‐year data set on a large cohort of patients with HbSS (n = 411) and HbSC (n = 146) to examine a wide range of these clinical and laboratory associations. Our novel findings are that α‐thalassemia strongly reduces erythrocyte potassium chloride co‐transporter (KCC) activity in both HbSS and HbSC (p = .035 and p = .00045 respectively), suggesting a novel mechanism through which α‐thalassemia induces a milder phenotype by reducing red cell cation loss. This may be particularly important in HbSC where reduction in mean cell hemoglobin concentration is not seen and where KCC activity has previously been found to correlate with disease severity. Additionally, we show that α‐thalassemia not only increases hemoglobin in patients with HbSS (p = .0009) but also reduces erythropoietin values (p = .0005), demonstrating a measurable response to improved tissue oxygenation. We confirm the reno‐protective effect of α‐thalassemia in patients with HbSS, with reduced proteinuria (p = .003) and demonstrate a novel association with increased serum sodium (p = .0004) and reduced serum potassium values (p = 5.74 × 10−10). We found patients with α‐thalassemia had a reduced annualized transfusion burden in both HbSS and HbSC, but α‐thalassemia had no impact on annualized admission rates in either group. Finally, in a larger cohort, we report a median survival of 62 years in patients with HbSS (n = 899) and 80 years in those with HbSC (n = 240). α‐thalassemia did not influence survival in HbSS, but a nonsignificant trend was seen in those with HbSC.
Fibrous dysplasia in cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dong Xiaoao , Png Nicholas C. Y. , Fortier Marielle V. , Lim Jiin Ying , Wong Kenneth P. L. , Choo Jonathan T. L. , Tan Ene Choo , Jamuar Saumya Shekhar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome (OMIM #:115150, 615278, 615279, 615280) is a rare genetic condition caused by variants in the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway. Up to 75% of cases are caused by mutations in the BRAF gene, whereas KRAS gene mutation has only been reported in <2% of cases. CFC syndrome is characterized by cardiac abnormalities, distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism, and various cutaneous abnormalities. Musculoskeletal and orthopedic manifestations are also prevalent in patients with CFC syndrome, among which the most common are skeletal deformities and joint laxities. Dysplastic bone disorders, on the other hand, have not been reported in CFC syndrome before. We report on a case of symmetrical polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) in a patient with CFC syndrome with the KRAS(NM_004985.5):c.57G>C; p.Leu19Phe variant. The FDs were incidentally picked up, and patient was conservatively managed and remained asymptomatic on follow‐up. The same variant was reported previously in a patient with Oculoectodermal Syndrome (OES), who developed polyostotic non‐ossifying fibroma (NOF). This case explores FD as a possible new clinical feature of CFC syndrome, and when linked to the historical case of OES, explores whether the KRAS(NM_004985.5):c.57G>C; p.Leu19Phe mutation may potentially contribute to the development of dysplastic bone lesions in patients with this particular mutation.
Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope in Spinal Fluid of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Is Toxic
Authors: Steiner Joseph P. , Bachani Muzna , Malik Nasir , DeMarino Catherine , Li Wenxue , Sampson Kevon , Lee Myoung‐Hwa , Kowalak Jeffery , Bhaskar Manju , Doucet‐O'Hare Tara , Garcia‐Montojo Marta , Cowen Maria , Smith Bryan , Reoma Lauren Bowen , Medina Julie , Brunel Joanna , Pierquin Justine , Charvet Benjamin , Perron Hervé , Nath Avindra 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveHuman endogenous retroviruses have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV‐K) subtype HML‐2 envelope (Env) in human neuronal cultures and in transgenic mice results in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration, and mice expressing HML‐2 Env display behavioral and neuromuscular characteristics resembling ALS. This study aims to characterize the neurotoxic properties of HML‐2 Env.MethodsEnv neurotoxicity was detected in ALS cerebrospinal fluid and confirmed using recombinant Env protein in a cell‐based assay and a mouse model. The mechanism of neurotoxicity was assessed with immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry and Western blot, and by screening a panel of inhibitors.ResultsWe observed that recombinant HML‐2 Env protein caused neurotoxicity resulting in neuronal cell death, retraction of neurites, and decreased neuronal electrical activity. Injection of the Env protein into the brains of mice also resulted in neuronal cell death. HML‐2 Env protein was also found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with sporadic ALS. The neurotoxic properties of the Env and the cerebrospinal fluid could be rescued with the anti‐Env antibody. The Env was found to bind to CD98HC complexed to β1 integrin on the neuronal cell surface. Using a panel of compounds to screen for their ability to block Env‐induced neurotoxicity, we found that several compounds were protective and are linked to the β1 integrin pathway.InterpretationHERV‐K Env is released extracellularly in ALS and causes neurotoxicity via a novel mechanism. Present results pave the way for new treatment strategies in sporadic ALS. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:545–561
Theorie der Alterung von Niederschlägen durch Umlösen (Ostwald‐Reifung)
Authors: Wagner Carl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie Theorie der Alterung eines schwerlöslichen Niederschlags wie AgBr durch Umlösen entsprechend der höheren Löslichkeit von kleinen Teilchen gegenüber derjenigen von großen Teilchen wird quantitativ entwickelt. Es werden Gleichungen für die zeitliche Änderung der Größen‐Verteilungsfunktion, der mittleren Teilchengröße und der Teilchenzahl bei diffusionsbestimmtem und bei reaktionsbestimmtem Stoffübergang mitgeteilt.