bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of influenza B severe hospitalized cases during 10 seasons in Catalonia: Does the lineage make a difference?
Authors: Soldevila Núria , Basile Luca , Martínez Ana , Torner Núria , Marcos M. Ángeles , Mosquera Maria del Mar , Antón Andrés , Andrés Cristina , Rius Cristina , Pumarola Tomàs , Domínguez Ángela ,   and the PIDIRAC Surveillance of Hospitalized Cases of Severe Influenza in Catalonia Working Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfluenza B viruses circulate in two lineages (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata). Although classically affecting children, recently it has shown a high rate of infection and increased hospitalization in the elderly. To describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of severe hospitalized laboratory‐confirmed influenza B virus (SHLCI‐B) cases in Catalonia associated with mismatch from Influenza B virus strain included in the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). SHLCI‐B was registered by the influenza sentinel surveillance system of Catalonia (PIDIRAC) during ten surveillance seasons from 2010 to 2020. Variables age, comorbidities, and vaccination status were recorded. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as (1‐OR) for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. A total of 1159 SHLCI‐B were registered, of these 68.2% (791) corresponded to the 2017–2018 season; 21.8% (253) were admitted to ICU and 13.8% (160) were exitus; 62.5% (725) cases occurred in those aged >64 years; most frequent risk factor was cardiovascular disease (35.1%, 407) followed by chronic pulmonary obstructive disease‐COPD (24.6%, 285) and diabetes (24.1%, 279). In four seasons, the predominant circulating lineage was B/Victoria, in two seasons the B/Yamagata lineage and four seasons had no IBV activity. Four seasons presented discordance with the strain included within the TIV. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent ICU admission was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4%–51%; p = 0.03); being 29% (95% CI: −3% to 51%) in discordant and 43% (95% CI:−43% to 77%) in concordant seasons. Significant differences were observed in the number of affected aged > 64 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.9–3.4; p < 0.001) and in patients with heart disease (OR = 2.40 95% CI: 1.7–3.4; p < 0.001), COPD (OR = 1.6 95% CI: 1.1–2.3; p = 0.01), and diabetes (OR = 1.5 95% CI: 1.1–2.1; p = 0.04) between discordant and concordant seasons. The increase in hospitalization rate in people> 64 years of age and those presenting comorbidities in seasons with circulating influenza B virus belonging to a lineage discordant with the strain included in the TIV and the decrease of VE to prevent ICU admissions evidence the vital need to administer the quadrivalent influenza vaccine regardless of the findings of predominant circulation in the previous season.
LC‐MS/MS methods for determination of unstable pivmecillinam and mecillinam in acidified human plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sun Lu‐Ning , Zhao Yang , Gao Hua‐Ye , Yang Yan‐Ling , Qian Xu‐Ping , Sun Shi‐Yu , Wang Yu , Ding Li , Wang Yong‐Qing 
Published: May 2022

Pivmecillinam, the ester of biologically active antibiotic mecillinam, is an effective oral preparation to treat urinary tract infections. To study pharmacokinetics in humans, LC‐MS/MS methods were developed to quantify pivmecillinam and mecillinam in human plasma, respectively. Considering cephalexin as internal standard, analytes were separated on UltimateXB‐C18 columns after protein precipitation by acetonitrile. The mobile phase was composed of water containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol. The multiple reactions monitoring transitions of m/z 440.2→167.1, 326.1→167.1, and 348.1→158.1 were selected to inspect pivmecillinam, mecillinam, and the internal standard in positive ion mode. No apparent matrix effect was perceived. Linearities were obtained over calibration ranges of 0.0500–12.0 and 10.0–15,000 ng/mL, respectively. The intraday precisions were below 5.5%, the interday precisions were below 6.1%, and accuracies were within –8.1 to 13.0%. Stability tests were conducted and an acidification step was explored to enhance the stability of pivmecillinam and mecillinam. Further stability was validated under various storage and processing conditions. Both methods were applied to a pharmacokinetic study of pivmecillinam and mecillinam after oral administration of 400 mg pivmecillinam hydrochloride tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.
M2 macrophage facilitated angiogenesis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via circ_TNFRSF21/miR‐3619‐5p/ROCK axis
Authors: Ma Jun , Huang Lei , Gao Yan‐Bin , Li Min‐Xiong , Chen Liang‐Long , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the role of circular RNA in cancer cells has been studied broadly; however, the functional significance of circular RNA in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to reveal the role of circ_TNFRSF21 in M2 macrophage‐induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) angiogenesis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to determine the levels of the indicated genes. Direct binding between circ_TNFRSF21 and miR‐3619‐5p, miR‐3619‐5p, and ROCK2 was verified by dual‐luciferase activity. The migration and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Tube formation was performed to detect in vitro angiogenesis. Circ_TNFRSF21 and ROCK2 were upregulated in cSCC tissue, while miR‐3619‐5p was downregulated. Circ_TNFRSF21 negatively regulated the expression of miR‐3619‐5p, while miR‐3619‐5p negatively regulated the expression of ROCK2. miR‐3619‐5p suppressed tube formation by inhibiting ROCK signaling. M2 macrophages facilitated tube formation via the circ_TNFRSF21/miR‐3619‐5p/ROCK2 axis. Our present study revealed that circ_TNFRSF21 was elevated in M2 macrophages and mediated M2 macrophage‐induced tube formation in vitro.
InVEST model analysis of the impacts of land use change on landscape pattern and habitat quality in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir area of the Yellow River basin, China
Authors: Zhao Longshan , Yu Wanyang , Meng Ping , Zhang Jinsong , Zhang Jinxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in land use impact the landscape pattern and habitat quality (LPHQ) of ecosystems. Since 1999, the Grain‐for‐Green Program (GGP) has brought dramatic changes in land use in Western China. Although many studies have reported positive contributions of the GGP to sediment reduction, the effects of the GGP on LPHQ remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of LPHQ in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir Area in China (XRAC) before and after GGP implementation (in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020) using the InVEST habitat quality model. The results showed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the main land use changes in the XRAC were a 34.97% increase in forestland and a 37.56% decrease in farmland. The landscape pattern showed decreased fragmentation and tended toward aggregation, and forestland became the dominant land use type. (2) Habitat quality in the XRAC improved from 0.63 to 0.91 between 1990 and 2020. High‐quality habitat (0.80–1) was observed in 88.24% of the XRAC in 2020. The spatial distribution of habitat degradation decreased overall, with some localized increases; areas with high levels of habitat degradation shrank and aggregated with the concentration of human activities. (3) The spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality was influenced by both natural factors and human activities; the short‐term improvement in habitat quality in the XRAC was significantly related to the increase in forestland area, decrease in farmland area, and increase in vegetation coverage. Our results provide evidence for assessing the ecological benefit of the GGP in the Yellow River basin.
Ocean sediments as the global sink for marine micro‐ and mesoplastics
Authors: Martin Cecilia , Young Charlotte A. , Valluzzi Letizia , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbout 15 Tg of plastic are estimated to enter the ocean yearly, with this figure growing exponentially every year. Assessments of floating marine plastic amount to 0.2% of the expected plastic stock, implying that 99.8% is stored in a sink yet to be identified. Marine sediments are believed to be the ultimate sink for oceanic plastic, however, there is currently no global estimate of the plastic load stored there. Here, we synthesize available estimates of micro‐ and mesoplastic stocks in marine sediments and, by integrating stocks across different habitats, we conservatively estimate a load of 170 Tg (25–900 Tg) of nonfibrous plastic globally accumulated in marine sediments from 1950 to 2010, most of which at intermediate depths (200–2000 m). This estimate, despite the uncertainty, is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the floating plastic stock and confirms marine sediments as a major plastic sink.
Ultraspectral Imaging Based on Metasurfaces with Freeform Shaped Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Cui Kaiyu , Cai Xusheng , Xiong Jian , Zhu Hongbo , Rao Shijie , Xu Sheng , Huang Yidong , Liu Fang , Feng Xue , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces have an exceptional capacity to manipulate the phase, amplitude, polarization, or spectrum of light. However, unit cells, or meta‐atoms, of metasurfaces are conventionally designed using regular shapes, limiting performance improvement. The utilization of metasurfaces with freeform shaped meta‐atoms for on‐chip ultraspectral imaging is proposed, where the freeform shaped patterns are generated with controllable feature sizes and boundary curvatures for feasible fabrication. These patterns broaden design diversity and enrich metasurface‐unit spectral response with complicated Bloch modes, thus improving spectral imaging performance with enhanced spectrum recovery precision for broadband spectra and smaller center‐wavelength deviation for narrowband spectra. A snapshot on‐chip ultraspectral imaging, with 356 × 436 spectral pixels is experimentally demonstrated. Spectral resolution is state‐of‐the‐art, at 0.5 nm, and mean fidelity of spectral reconstruction for a standard color board reaches 98.78%. These results support future applications in the field of precise intelligent perception. Moreover, the generating method for freeform shaped patterns also benefits for the forward and inverse designs for high‐performance metasurfaces.
Multidecadal Trends in Body Size of Puget Sound Chinook Salmon: Analysis of Data from the Tengu Derby, a Culturally Unique Fishery
Authors: Quinn Thomas P. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Losee James P. , Hanada Doug 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., downward trends in size and abundance have been reported for species and stocks for over 40 years, but the patterns are inconsistent among regions and species. Interpretation of these trends is complicated by many possible contributing factors, including short time series, data comprising a mix of stocks, and varying gear types. Here, we present data on the mass of individual Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha caught in the winter from 1946 to 2019 in central Puget Sound, Washington, by participants in what may be the longest running Pacific salmon derby in North America, the Tengu Derby. In this annual recreational fishing competition, established by Japanese Americans immediately after release from internment camps at the end of World War II, participants follow strict gear, area, and methods regulations and catch almost exclusively salmonids originating from and remaining in Puget Sound. Records revealed an overall decline in fish mass over the decades, with a high degree of variability throughout the time series. Specifically, resident Chinook Salmon exhibited several shifts, including a decrease in size from a high in the 1950s to a low around 1980, followed by an increase to another high around 1990 and then a decline over the most recent 30 years. These size trends of residents differed from those of Puget Sound Chinook Salmon as a whole. We infer that the resident fish experienced ecological conditions affecting their growth that were distinct from those of fish feeding along the Pacific Ocean in the same periods. These distinct trends in size of Chinook Salmon from common origins indicate that the different migration patterns of fish within stocks must be considered in the analysis and interpretation of body size trends and also in patterns of survival.
Natural products as Zika antivirals
Authors: Fong Yuhui Deborah , Chu Justin Jang Hann 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the flavivirus genus and is transmitted in Aedes mosquito vectors. Since its discovery in humans in 1952 in Uganda, ZIKV has been responsible for many outbreaks in South America, Africa, and Asia. Patients infected with ZIKV are usually asymptomatic; mild symptoms include fever, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. However, severe infections may have neurological implications, such as Guillain‐Barré syndrome and fetal microcephaly. To date, there are no existing approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines against ZIKV infections; treatments mainly target the symptoms of infection. Preventive measures against mosquito breeding are the main strategy for limiting the spread of the virus. Antiviral drug research for the treatment of ZIKV infection has been rapidly developing, with many drug candidates emerging from drug repurposing studies, and compound screening. In particular, several studies have demonstrated the potential of natural products as antivirals for ZIKV infection. Hence, this paper will review recent advances in natural products in ZIKV antiviral drug discovery.
The Role of Zinc in GM‐CSF‐Induced Signaling in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: van der Laan Marijke , Büttgenbach Anna , Wolf Jana , Rink Lothar , Wessels Inga 
Published: May 2022

ScopeZinc is suggested to be necessary for functional signaling induced by certain growth factors. The granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a key factor for differentiation and activation of myeloid cells. This report analyses the impact of different zinc concentrations on GM‐CSF‐induced signaling in mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).Methods and resultsAs measured by flow cytometry, zinc increases surface GM‐CSF receptor (GM‐CSFR) in PMN, whereas monocytes respond with decreased GM‐CSFR surface expression. Since total cellular GM‐CSFR expression remains unaffected, the observed zinc‐induced GM‐CSFR surface dynamics may be explained by receptor redistribution. In PMN, zinc enhanced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) in a dose‐dependent manner as found in western blot. Zinc‐induced MAPK phosphorylation is additionally augmented by moderate GM‐CSF stimulation.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the opposing influence of zinc on GM‐CSFR surface expression in monocytes and PMN. Zinc and GM‐CSF, use in optimized concentrations, augment MAPK signaling, and increase expression of MAPK‐induced myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (Mcl‐1) in PMN. Thus, this study concludes that zinc strengthens growth factor‐induced signaling. Hence, the study provides a basis for further in vivo studies, focusing on the therapeutic value of zinc in patients with a disturbed GM‐CSF signaling.
Uncertainty of the virtual image correlation method
Authors: François Marc Louis Maurice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe virtual image correlation method applies for the measurement of silhouettes boundaries with sub‐pixel uncertainty. It consists in a correlation between an image of interest and a virtual image based on a parameterized curve. It is shown that the method is exact in 1D, insensitive to contrast variation, and that the bias induced by brightness variation can be easily corrected. Optimal value of the virtual image width, the sole parameter of the method, and optimal numerical settings are established. An estimator is proposed to assess the relevance of the user‐chosen parameterized curve family to match the contour. An analytical formula and a diagram are given for the measurement uncertainty in both cases of noiseless and noisy images. The results obtained are validated by tests carried out on synthetic images and on real images.
Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of Adolescent Shame‐Proneness Scale
Authors: Hashemi Golpayegani Fatemeh , Hosseinian Simin , Rezaeian Hamid , Pourshahriari Mahsima , Rasouli Roya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShame is a significant factor for psychological problems in adolescents. The present study aims to assess the Persian version of the Adolescent Shame‐Proneness Scale (ASPS) among Iranian adolescents. Participants of this correlation study were 2291 high school students aged 12–18 (1296 girls and 1036 boys), selected through a multistage random cluster sampling method. The results indicated that the ASPS has adequate validity and reliability. Assessment of model fit using confirmatory factor analysis revealed satisfactory goodness of fit indices. Similar to the original version of ASPS, a three correlated factor model was confirmed in the present sample, and girls scored higher on all three subscales of ASPS. This scale can be a reliable and flexible instrument for measuring the significant emotion of shame in Iranian adolescents in research and clinical settings and can help expand the shame literature.
An expanded case against synthetic‐type control charts
Authors: Knoth Sven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the last two decades, many new methods have appeared in statistical process monitoring with synthetic‐type control charts being a prominent constituent. These charts became popular due to their simplicity and proclaimed excellent change point detection performance. Synthetic charts are nothing more than the application of well‐known and long established runs rules. We show that better performance can be obtained by using exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts. Expanding on some previous questioning articles, we critically reflect upon recently developed variants of synthetic‐type charts in order to emphasize that there is no reason to apply this special class of control charts. This paper renews and extends criticism in order to respond to newly developed synthetic charts, called “revised” and “modified” by incorporation of further restrictions on the observations leading to an out‐of‐control signal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that “improved synthetic charts” (synthetic charts augmented with an outer Shewhart limit) perform weaker than EWMA–Shewhart chart combinations.
Soil organic matter, texture, and drying temperature effects on water content
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA balance between soil water and air is needed to optimize soil microbial activity in laboratory incubations. Some fraction of water holding capacity (WHC) is often used to optimize water during controlled laboratory incubations, and yet this level may differ among soils. This study was undertaken to develop relationships among gravimetric and volumetric water content, WHC, and water‐filled pore space (WFPS) among a variety of soils, representing eight soil orders, 46 subgroups, total soil N from 0.46 to 4.68 g kg–1, and clay concentration from .072 to .491 kg kg–1 (5–95% range). Gravimetric soil water content was determined for each sample under the following sequence of conditions: (a) from dry storage, (b) when dried at 55 °C, (c) near saturation, and (d) when drained to WHC. Gravimetric water content was calculated at 50% WFPS (.50 m3 m–3). Like that of WFPS, WHC varied strongly with soil clay and total N concentrations. To achieve 50% WFPS, water content was 69 ± 10% of WHC and 58 ± 3% of near saturation. Although drying soil to only 55 °C for routine soil microbial processing led to overestimation of soil bulk density by 0.012 ± 0.006 Mg m–3, it was a bias. Soil water content calculations are important for obtaining best estimates of soil‐test biological activity and other soil C and N fractions to assess soil health, and this research demonstrated that using drying temperature of 55 °C was practical but created a small and consistent bias.
Metal‐Free Catalyst, Fast Curing, Stretchable, Self‐Healing Siloxane Modified Polyurea Elastomer with Tunable Properties Based on Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Huang Wenjie , Meng Yuan , Hao Tonghui , You Jun , Jiang Tao , Shi Dean , Zhang Qunchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, self‐healing polymer materials, being researched and utilized in many fields, have attracted more and more attention. In this work, self‐healing siloxane elastomer (SPUR) with flexible cross‐linked networks were designed through the reaction of amino‐functionalized polyether, isocyanate and α‐siloxane, which endowed elastomer with intermolecular hydrogen bond. Herein, these hydrogen bonds can break and reorganize via a simple thermal treatment to gain self‐healing and post‐processing actions. The self‐healing performance of the elastomer is confirmed through tensile test and SEM surface analysis. Consistent with our experiments, the researches show that siloxane modified polyurea elastomers (SPUR) congaing higher content of amino‐functionalized polyether with 2000 molecular weights (PEA20) show much better flexibility and healing efficiency. Also, the polyurea can be quickly cured without any metal catalyst due to the presence of α‐siloxane, which is a highlight of this article, and it is better than the related literature reported so far. Through tensile test and healing performance test, SPUR1 possessing the both remarkable strength and elasticity was obtained (elongation at break 530 %, tensile stress 5.26 MPa). In addition, it has relatively satisfied healing efficiency 30 % and excellent thermal stability. In view of such intermolecular hydrogen bond, we have developed a special self‐healing polymer material with tunable performance by varying the monomer ratio between amino‐functionalized polyether PEA9 (the molecular weight Mn=900 Da) and PEA20 (Mn=2000 Da). A variety of self‐healing polymer materials can be lightly synthesized on account of the wide extent of commercial activities of raw materials such as primary amine, silane and isocyanate. Therefore, self‐healable polymer elastomers are exceptionally popular in a rank of fields, such as coatings, construction, aerospace, flexible electronics, automobile, medical device and lithium‐ion batteries.
Two‐Phase Electrocoagulation of Perfumes and the Analytical Approach for Investigation of the Odor‐Active Compound Changes
Authors: Thaveesangsakulthai Isaya , Nhujak Thumnoon , Kulsing Chadin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a 2‐phase electrocoagulation (EC) system has been applied to treat odor active compounds in perfume extracts. The system employed an electrochemical cell using two aluminium electrodes and 2‐phase electrolyte containing hexane, NaCl(aq) and the perfume compounds. This approach allowed electrochemical reaction of the compounds with the subsequent changes of their profiles in the extracts. The volatile compounds in the samples before and after 2‐phase EC sampled at different parts of the system were tentatively identified by using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The results revealed different types and amounts of the odor active compounds in the samples after the 2‐phase EC treatment with the enhanced fruity, floral, sweet, green, minty, herbal and citrus smells. The electrochemical oxidation/reduction and esterification/hydrolysis were proposed as the possible reactions. The developed 2‐phase EC technique has a potential for application in the area of cost‐effective adjustment of essential oil and perfume quality.