bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-field approach to evolution and interaction of twins in single crystal magnesium
Authors: Amirian Benhour , Jafarzadeh Hossein , Abali Bilen Emek , Reali Alessandro , Hogan James David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCrack initiation and propagation as well as abrupt occurrence of twinning are challenging fracture problems where the transient phase-field approach is proven to be useful. Early-stage twinning growth and interactions are in focus herein for a magnesium single crystal at the nanometer length-scale. We demonstrate a basic methodology in order to determine the mobility parameter that steers the kinetics of phase-field propagation. The concept is to use already existing molecular dynamics simulations and analytical solutions in order to set the mobility parameter correctly. In this way, we exercise the model for gaining new insights into growth of twin morphologies, temporally-evolving spatial distribution of the shear stress field in the vicinity of the nanotwin, multi-twin, and twin-defect interactions. Overall, this research addresses gaps in our fundamental understanding of twin growth, while providing motivation for future discoveries in twin evolution and their effect on next-generation material performance and design.
Expression profiling of HSP 70 and interleukins 2, 6 and 12 genes of Barki sheep during summer and winter seasons in two different locations
Authors: Rawash Raed A. Abu , Sharaby Mahmoud A. , Hassan Gamal El-Din A. , Elkomy Alaa E. , Hafez Elsayed E. , Hafsa Salma H. Abu , Salem Mohamed M. I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this research were to contrast the expression values of heat shock protein (HSP70) and interleukins 2, 6 and 12 (IL 2, IL 6 and IL 12) genes in summer and winter in two different locations in Egypt (Alexandria zone and Matrouh zone) to deduce changes in thermo-physiological traits and biochemical blood metabolites of Barki sheep. A total of 50 ewes (20 in Alexandria and 30 in Matrouh) were individually blood sampled to determine plasma total protein (TP), Albumin, Globulin and Glucose constituents and T3, T4 and cortisol hormones. The thermo-physiological parameters of rectal temperature (RT, °C), skin temperature (ST, °C), Wool temperature (WT, °C), respiration rate (RR, breaths/min) and pulse rate (PR, beats/min) were measured for each ewe. Expressions of IL 2, IL 6, IL 12 and HSP 70 in summer and winter were analyzed along with thermo-physiological parameters and blood biochemical metabolites. In both locations, THI had significant effects on ST, WT, PR and RR, but not significant on RT. However, it had no significant effects on blood plasma metabolites and hormonal concentrations in the two locations in summer and winter. In Alexandria location, THI had negative significant effect on the expressions of IL-2 and IL-6 but positively affected on HSP70 genes in winter, while the expression of IL-12 gene was not affected by seasons, whereas in Matrouh zone, the effects of THI on the expressions of all tolerance genes were not significant. The results of the current study suggest that IL-2, IL-6 and HSP70 genes could be used as molecular markers for heat/cold stress.
Modeling the potential efficiency of a blood biomarker-based tool to guide pre-hospital thrombolytic therapy in stroke patients
Authors: Parody-Rua Elizabeth , Bustamante Alejandro , Montaner Joan , Rubio-Valera Maria , Serrano David , Pérez-Sánchez Soledad , Sánchez-Viñas Alba , Guevara-Cuellar César , Serrano-Blanco Antoni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Stroke treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is effective and efficient, but as its benefits are highly time dependent, it is essential to treat the patient promptly after symptom onset. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a blood biomarker test to differentiate ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke to guide pre-hospital treatment with tPA in patients with suspected stroke, compared with standard hospital management. The standard care for patients suffering stroke consists mainly in diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization and monitoring.

Methods
A Markov model was built with four health states according to the modified Rankin scale, in adult patients with suspected moderate to severe stroke (NIHSS 4-22) within 4.5 hours after symptom onset. A Spanish Health System perspective was used. The time horizon was 15 years. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and life-years gained (LYGs) were used as a measure of effectiveness. Short- and long-term direct health costs were included. Costs were expressed in Euros (2022). A discount rate of 3% was used. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and several one-way sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results
The use of a blood-test biomarker compared with standard care was associated with more QALYs (4.87 vs. 4.77), more LYGs (7.18 vs. 7.07), and greater costs (12,807€ vs. 12,713€). The ICER was 881€/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the biomarker test was cost-effective in 82% of iterations using a threshold of 24,000€/QALY.

Conclusions
The use of a blood biomarker test to guide pre-hospital thrombolysis is cost-effective compared with standard hospital care in patients with ischemic stroke.
“Whose demand?” The co-construction of markets, demand and gender in development-oriented crop breeding
Authors: Tarjem Ida Arff , Westengen Ola Tveitereid , Wisborg Poul , Glaab Katharina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvancing women’s empowerment and gender equality in agriculture is a recognised development goal, also within crop breeding. Increasingly, breeding teams are expected to use ‘market-based’ approaches to design more ‘demand-led’ and ‘gender-responsive’ crop varieties. Based on an institutional ethnography that includes high-profile development-oriented breeding initiatives, we unpack these terms using perspectives from political agronomy and feminist science and technology studies. By conceptualising the market as an ongoing, relational performance made up of discourses, practices and human and nonhuman actors, we trace how the market is understood as an effective socioeconomic institution for soliciting demand, but also becomes a normative agenda. Construed as a demand variable, the relational and structural dimensions of gender are rendered less visible, which might strengthen rather than transform power relations’ status quo. On the other hand, a feminist science and technology perspective broadens the field of vision not only to the gendered dimensions of crop breeding, but also to the nonhuman actors, such as the crops and traits falling outside the market sphere of interest. By putting political agronomy and feminist science and technology studies into conversation, the article contributes to the development of a feminist political agronomy.
Validating the Screening Scale of Pedophilic Crime Scene Behavior
Authors: Lehmann Robert J. B. , Brouillette-Alarie Sébastien , Pedneault Amelie , Knight Raymond A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Screening Scale of Pedophilic Crime Scene Behavior (SSPC) is a seven-item structured rating scale assessing pedophilic sexual arousal. In the current study, we cross-validated the scale’s convergent validity using multiple measures of sexual interest in children (clinical diagnosis of pedophilia, the high fixation/low social competence type of the MTC:CM4, and phallometric assessment of sexual interests toward children) in two independent samples (USA and Canada). In both samples and in relation to all three criteria, the SSPC showed acceptable (phallometry) to excellent (clinical assessment) diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the SSPC showed incremental validity in relation to the Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interest and at times outperformed it in convergent validity analyses. The current study also provides psychometric information that can help users choose an appropriate SSPC cutoff score.
The Relation of Mood and Sexual Desire: An Experience Sampling Perspective on the Dual Control Model
Authors: van Tuijl Piet , Verboon Peter , van Lankveld Jacques 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effect of fluctuations in negative and positive affect on momentary sexual motivation in a sample of women and men in a steady relationship (n = 133). Sexual motivation was regarded as the aggregate of sexual desire, subjective sexual arousal and openness to sexual contact. Experience sampling methodology was used to collect up to 70 measurements per participant over a period of seven consecutive days of sexual motivation, and negative and positive affect. Using multilevel analysis, we investigated cross-level interactions between affect and trait measures as specified in the dual control model (DCM). This model postulates sexually excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms as relatively independent systems that together can explain individual differences in sexual motivation and behavior. Results implicated that any intensification of feelings, positive or negative, was associated with a momentary increase in sexual motivation for participants more prone to sexual excitation. In the lagged analysis, higher preceding negative affect, measured 1–2 h earlier, forecasted an increase in current sexual motivation for participants more prone to sexual excitation. The lagged analysis included the autoregressive effect or inertia of sexual motivation. Inertia reflects the extent to which sexual motivation lingers and persists at similar levels. Our findings showed that sexual motivation levels persisted less in individuals with higher sexual inhibition proneness due to threat of performance failure. This study demonstrated how experience sampling methodology can be used to extend research on associations between mood and sexual motivation and implicates that DCM factors moderate these associations.
The influence of the geometrical features on the seismic response of historical churches reinforced by different cross lam roof-solutions
Authors: Longarini Nicola , Crespi Pietro , Zucca Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent Italian earthquakes have shown the seismic vulnerability of many typical historical masonry churches characterized by one nave and wooden roofs. Under transverse earthquake, the nave transverse response of this kind of churches can be influenced by the geometrical and material features. To increase the seismic performance, strengthening interventions aimed to pursue the global box-behavior by the realization of dissipative roof-structure represent a valid strategy, especially to avoid out-of-plane mechanisms. In this way, the roof structure must be able to represent a tool for the damped rocking of the perimeter walls. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels with calibrated metal connections have been recently adopted in experimental tests as a valid solution to obtain a roof-diaphragm with ductile behavior, satisfying the conservative restoration criteria at the same time. In this paper, after a description of the numerical approach for the damped rocking mechanism for one nave configuration church, the effectiveness of different CLT based roof-diaphragms in the nave transverse response is investigated for four historical churches. The seismic responses are performed by comparative dynamic nonlinear analyses and the results are shown in terms of displacements and shear actions transferred to the façade. The influence of the geometrical features of the churches on the nave transversal response is deepened by sensitivity analyses with the aim to predict the displacements and shear variations under the same earthquake excitation.
Climate change and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) production: assessing impacts and potential adaptation strategies in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chemura Abel , Kutywayo Dumisani , Hikwa Danisile , Gornott Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTropical root and tuber crops such as cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta (L.)) are important for food security and livelihoods and yet neglected in climate change impact studies and large-scale crop improvement programs. The aim of this study was to apply the maximum entropy modelling approach to assess production potential for the orphan crop cocoyam under current and projected climatic conditions by 2050 and 2070 in Zimbabwe. A robust model fit was achieved (AUC > 0.9) with variable importance showing that precipitation-related factors were most important in determining the suitability of cocoyam. About 4.3% of the country is suitable for cocoyam production in Zimbabwe under current climatic conditions with the most suitable areas in eastern districts of Chipinge, Chimanimani, Mutare, Mutasa, Nyanga and Makoni. By 2050, model means project a decrease of 6%, 9%, 10% and 15% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, respectively. More drastic decreases are projected by 2070 with almost a quarter (23%) of the current suitable areas having lost their suitability for cocoyam production. There is a general model agreement in the direction of impacts except for RCP2.6 where CCSM4 model projects increases in suitability for cocoyam in the country while other models project decreases. We find that regulating canopy microclimate variation increases potential for cocoyam production under climate change and can be implemented to ensure resilience of cocoyam production systems. Therefore, stabilizing or improving orphan crops systems will substantially contribute to local food security and reduction of malnutrition especially during the lean season.
Quantify the Effect of China’s Emission Trading Scheme on Low-carbon Eco-efficiency: Evidence from China’s 283 Cities
Authors: Tao Miaomiao , Failler Pierre , Goh Lim Thye , Lau Wee Yeap , Dong Hanghang , Xie Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe establishment of a carbon trading market is crucial for China to fulfil its carbon emission commitments through a market mechanism. As a market-based environmental regulation instrument, Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) has been attracted increasing attention worldwide, while the effect of ETS on low-carbon economy efficiency (LEE) has not been fully investigated, thus inspiring us to fulfil this research gap. Using the panel data of China’s 283 selected prefecture-level cities during 2006–2017, we adopted the difference-in-differences (DID) model, propensity-score-matched DID (PSM-DID) model, and the spatial DID model to model the direct and indirect effects of China’s ETS on LEE at national, regional, and local (resource-based cities with different development stages) levels. The robust results yield that ETS directly and significantly improved China’s LEE at the national level. Still, the LEE in ETS pilot region will increase by approximately 4.3% compared with untreated cities, while the spatial heterogeneity of this effect is captured at regional and local levels, which emphasises the necessity of a completed market construction and classified supervision. The results of this paper provide important insights for strengthening the policy design of a nationwide carbon market, and a reference point for other regions and countries, especially developing countries, in refining a carbon trading market.
General practice-based undergraduate pharmacy longitudinal clerkship: a theoretically underpinned qualitative evaluation
Authors: Innes C. , Cunningham S. , Addison B. , Wedekind Y. , Watson E. , Rudd I. , Power A. , Karim L. , Rushworth G. F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
A Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship (PLC) was designed to develop student pharmacists’ (SPs) competence in a general practice setting.

Aim
The aim was to carry out a theoretically underpinned qualitative evaluation of stakeholder perceptions of influences of behavioural determinants on SP development for clinical practice in general practice.

Method
General practice-based PLCs were delivered in 2019/20 and 2020/21 for two cohorts of SPs in NHS Highland, Scotland. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to explore stakeholder perceptions of influences of behavioural determinants on SP development. Informed written consent was obtained. An interview schedule was developed and piloted using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic methodology. Ethics approval was granted.

Results
Seven SPs and five general practitioner (GP) tutors were interviewed. Key themes were identified mapped to TDF domains and included: knowledge—utilisation and practical application of knowledge; skills—triangulation of skills under clinical supervision; beliefs about capabilities—confidence building with clinical and patient contact; professional role and identity—elucidation of professional roles within general practice.

Conclusion
This evaluation shows benefits of embedding SPs within clinical teams and immersing them in a clinical environment over a prolonged period in a general practice Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship. It is expected this will translate into a more confident transition to postgraduate professional clinical practice. Funding should be sought to test alternative PLC arrangements including: multiple full-time longitudinal placement blocks; or ultimately a year-long longitudinal clerkship programme with an IPE element.
Backscattered Solar Lyman-$\alpha $ Emission as a Tool for the Heliospheric Boundary Exploration
Authors: Baliukin Igor , Bertaux Jean-Loup , Bzowski Maciej , Izmodenov Vladislav , Lallement Rosine , Provornikova Elena , Quémerais Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes our current understanding of the outer heliosphere and local interstellar medium (LISM) inferred from observations and modeling of interplanetary Lyman-$\alpha $
α
emission. The emission is produced by solar Lyman-$\alpha $
α
photons (121.567 nm) backscattered by interstellar H atoms inflowing to the heliosphere from the LISM. Studies of Lyman-$\alpha $
α
radiation determined the parameters of interstellar hydrogen within a few astronomical units from the Sun. The interstellar hydrogen atoms appeared to be decelerated, heated, and shifted compared to the helium atoms. The detected deceleration and heating proved the existence of secondary hydrogen atoms created near the heliopause. This finding supports the discovery of a Hydrogen Wall beyond the heliosphere consisting of heated hydrogen observed in HST/GHRS Lyman-$\alpha $
α
absorption spectra toward nearby stars. The shift of the interstellar hydrogen bulk velocity was the first observational evidence of the global heliosphere asymmetry confirmed later by Voyager in situ measurements. SOHO/SWAN all-sky maps of the backscattered Lyman-$\alpha $
α
intensity identified variations of the solar wind mass flux with heliolatitude and time. In particular, two maxima at mid-latitudes were discovered during solar activity maximum, which Ulysses missed due to its specific trajectory. Finally, Voyager/UVS and New Horizons/Alice UV spectrographs discovered extraheliospheric Lyman-$\alpha $
α
emission. We review these scientific breakthroughs, outline open science questions, and discuss potential future heliospheric Lyman-$\alpha $
α
experiments.
Untargeted metabolomic analysis of thoracic blood from badgers indicate changes linked to infection with bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis): a pilot study
Authors: Bauman James Scott , Pizzey Richard , Beckmann Manfred , Villarreal-Ramos Bernardo , King Jonathan , Hopkins Beverley , Rooke David , Hewinson Glyn , Mur Luis A. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle, represents a major disease burden to UK cattle farming, with considerable costs associated with its control. The European badger (Meles meles) is a known wildlife reservoir for bTB and better knowledge of the epidemiology of bTB through testing wildlife is required for disease control. Current tests available for the diagnosis of bTB in badgers are limited by cost, processing time or sensitivities.

Materials and Methods
We assessed the ability of flow infusion electrospray—high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) to determine potential differences between infected and non-infected badgers based on thoracic blood samples obtained from badgers found dead in Wales. Thoracic blood samples were autoclaved for handling in a containment level 2 (CL2) hazard laboratory.

Results
Here we show the major differences associated with with M. bovis infection were changes to folate, pyrimidine, histidine, glycerophospholipid and phosphonate metabolism.

Conclusions
Our studies have indicated differences in the metabolomic signature of badgers found dead in relation to their infection status, suggesting metabolomics could hold potential for developing novel diagnostics for bTB in badgers. As well as highlighting a potential way to handle samples containing a highly pathogenic agent at CL2 for metabolomics studies.
Processed Electroencephalogram-Based Monitoring to Guide Sedation in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Recommendations from an International Expert Panel-Based Consensus
Authors: Rasulo Frank A. , Hopkins Philip , Lobo Francisco A. , Pandin Pierre , Matta Basil , Carozzi Carla , Romagnoli Stefano , Absalom Anthony , Badenes Rafael , Bleck Thomas , Caricato Anselmo , Claassen Jan , Denault André , Honorato Cristina , Motta Saba , Meyfroidt Geert , Radtke Finn Michael , Ricci Zaccaria , Robba Chiara , Taccone Fabio S. , Vespa Paul , Nardiello Ida , Lamperti Massimo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of processed electroencephalography (pEEG) for depth of sedation (DOS) monitoring is increasing in anesthesia; however, how to use of this type of monitoring for critical care adult patients within the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear.

Methods
A multidisciplinary panel of international experts consisting of 21 clinicians involved in monitoring DOS in ICU patients was carefully selected on the basis of their expertise in neurocritical care and neuroanesthesiology. Panelists were assigned four domains (techniques for electroencephalography [EEG] monitoring, patient selection, use of the EEG monitors, competency, and training the principles of pEEG monitoring) from which a list of questions and statements was created to be addressed. A Delphi method based on iterative approach was used to produce the final statements. Statements were classified as highly appropriate or highly inappropriate (median rating ≥ 8), appropriate (median rating ≥ 7 but < 8), or uncertain (median rating < 7) and with a strong disagreement index (DI) (DI < 0.5) or weak DI (DI ≥ 0.5 but < 1) consensus.

Results
According to the statements evaluated by the panel, frontal pEEG (which includes a continuous colored density spectrogram) has been considered adequate to monitor the level of sedation (strong consensus), and it is recommended by the panel that all sedated patients (paralyzed or nonparalyzed) unfit for clinical evaluation would benefit from DOS monitoring (strong consensus) after a specific training program has been performed by the ICU staff. To cover the gap between knowledge/rational and routine application, some barriers must be broken, including lack of knowledge, validation for prolonged sedation, standardization between monitors based on different EEG analysis algorithms, and economic issues.

Conclusions
Evidence on using DOS monitors in ICU is still scarce, and further research is required to better define the benefits of using pEEG. This consensus highlights that some critically ill patients may benefit from this type of neuromonitoring.