bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opacity of the Highly Ionized Lanthanides and the Effect on the Early Kilonova
Authors: Banerjee Smaranika , Tanaka Masaomi , Kato Daiji , Gaigalas Gediminas , Kawaguchi Kyohei , Domoto Nanae 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effect of the presence of lanthanides (Z = 57–71) on the kilonova at t ∼ 1 hr after the neutron star merger for the first time. For this purpose, we calculate the atomic structures and the opacities for selected lanthanides: Nd (Z = 60), Sm (Z = 62), and Eu (Z = 63). We consider the ionization degree up to 10th (XI), applicable for the ejecta at t ∼ a few hours after the merger, when the temperature is T ∼ 105 K. We find that the opacities for the highly ionized lanthanides are exceptionally high, reaching

κ

exp

∼
1000

cm

2

g

−
1

for Eu, due to the highly dense energy levels. Using the new opacity, we perform radiative transfer simulations to show that the early light curves become fainter by a (maximum) factor of four, in comparison to lanthanide-free ejecta at t ∼ 0.1 days. However, the period at which the light curves are affected is relatively brief owing to the rapid time evolution of the opacity in the outermost layer of the ejecta. We predict that for a source at a distance of ∼100 Mpc, UV brightness for lanthanide-rich ejecta shows a drop to ∼21–22 mag at t ∼ 0.1 days and the UV peaks around t ∼ 0.2 days with a magnitude of ∼19 mag. Future detection of such a kilonova by an existing UV satellite like Swift or the upcoming UV satellite ULTRASAT will provide useful constraints on the abundance in the outer ejecta and the corresponding nucleosynthesis conditions in the neutron star mergers.
Implementation of the Polarimetry Focusing Telescope Array Observation Simulator on board the X-Ray Timing and Polarimetry Observatory
Authors: Qi Liqiang , Li Gang , Ge Mingyu , Zhang Juan , Jiang Weichun , Liu Xiaohua , Yang Sheng , Du Yuanyuan , Dong Zefang , Yang Yanji , Liu Xiaojing , Sun Liang , Jiang Jiechen , Yang Jiawei , Chen Tianxiang , Jiao Yang , Dai Boyu , He Huilin , Xu Yupeng , Lu Fangjun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An observation simulator is established, on an event-by-event basis, for the Polarimetry Focusing telescope Array (PFA) on board the planned enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry observatory (eXTP). An event generator, based on XIMPOL, is used to sample the parameters of the X-rays reaching the aperture of the telescope. The trajectories and interactions of X-rays through the telescope and the corresponding secondaries are calculated using the optics and detector simulation model built in GEANT4, before being translated into signals in the pixelated readout electronics. It is shown that mirror deformation is required for the optics simulation model, and transportation of ionization electrons is required for the detector simulation model to reproduce the overall performance of the telescope. The developed tool is useful in different mission phases, such as payload optimization in the design phase, discrimination of new phenomena against known physics models in the calibration phases, and sensitivity studies of potential polarized X-ray sources in observation planning. The sensitivity of PFA to the Crab Nebula and Crab pulsar is investigated to demonstrate the application of the tool. Even with the dilution effect, space-resolved and phase-resolved polarimetry can reveal important aspects of the Crab Nebula and Crab pulsar and help break the degeneracy between different models.
T-matrix and Hapke Modeling of the Thermal Infrared Spectra of Trojan Asteroids and (944) Hidalgo: Implications for Their Regolith Particle Size and Porosity
Authors: Lowry Vanessa C. , Donaldson Hanna Kerri L. , Ito Gen , Kelley Michael S. P. , Campins Humberto , Lindsay Sean 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Trojan asteroids (911) Agamemnon, (1172) Aneas, and (624) Hektor and primitive asteroid (944) Hidalgo share a common thermal infrared spectral feature: a prominent 10 μm plateau that is also present in cometary comae spectra. To fit these asteroid spectra, we modeled individual minerals using the light-scattering multiple sphere T-matrix (MSTM) and Hapke reflectance models. Modeled mineral spectra were then combined using a weighted least-squares (WLS) model that included a spectral library of varied particle sizes and porosities. We later refined our method by using the mineral abundances, particle sizes, and porosities computed by WLS as an input to rerun the MSTM and Hapke models. We were able to model the asteroid spectral features using a mixture of olivine components, fine particles, and lunar-like porosities. The Trojan asteroids and (944) Hidalgo are comparable in mineral composition and particle size to spectrally similar bodies such as comet Hale-Bopp and CO3 and CY chondrite meteorites. While the required porosities for modeling are like those present on the lunar surface, they are lower than those in the meteorites and higher than those in comets.
The Dynamical Viability of an Extended Jupiter Ring System
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Li Zhexing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Planetary rings are often speculated as being a relatively common attribute of giant planets, partly based on their prevalence within the solar system. However, their formation and sustainability remain a topic of open discussion, and the most massive planet within our planetary system harbors a very modest ring system. Here, we present the results of an N-body simulation that explores dynamical constraints on the presence of substantial ring material for Jupiter. Our simulations extend from within the rigid satellite Roche limit to 10% of the Jupiter Hill radius, and include outcomes from 106 and 107 yr integrations. The results show possible regions of a sustained dense ring material presence around Jupiter that may comprise the foundation for moon formation. The results largely demonstrate the truncation of stable orbits imposed by the Galilean satellites, and dynamical desiccation of dense ring material within the range ∼3–29 Jupiter radii. We discuss the implications of these results for exoplanets, and the complex relationship between the simultaneous presence of rings and massive moon systems.
L'évaluation dans le secteur social et médico-social
Authors: Tillard Bernadette , Ribaucourt Magaly , Taverniez Laurence 
Published: July 2022

La présente communication rappelle les éléments contextuels qui ont vu l’évaluation interne des établissements et des services s’imposer dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance, puis illustre quelques questions posées par l’évaluation interne à partir de deux situations différentes : la mise en place d’un groupe d’expression de parents dans une Mecs ; la modification des pratiques des éducateurs en AEMO.
L'évaluation dans le secteur social et médico-social
Authors: Sellenet Catherine , Portier-Le Cocq Fabienne 
Published: July 2022

Le présent article rend compte d’une recherche internationale effectuée sous l’égide de l’association Bambini, dont le thème était : quel devenir et quelle insertion pour les jeunes ayant été accueillis dans les institutions de la Protection de l’enfance ? L’évaluation internationale exacerbe les problèmes méthodologiques sur quantité de définitions comme par exemple celle de l’insertion, celle de l’autonomie. Chaque pays élabore des définitions qui sont pour partie contextualisées. L’autonomie est différemment pensée, même si un noyau commun existe, en France, Italie, Bulgarie, Roumanie et Lettonie. La première partie de cet article dévoile les problèmes conceptuels d’une telle approche, la seconde partie donne quelques résultats pour la France. Cette recherche a été effectuée par entretiens auprès des professionnels et par le recueil de vingt-cinq témoignages de jeunes âgés de 18 à 23 ans.
Financial literacy and its correlates among healthcare professionals of India
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Biswas Bijit 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Financial literacy is a person's capability to manage their own monetary matters. There was no information available on financial literacy status of healthcare professionals (HCPs) of India. So, the current research was formulated to assess the financial literacy status and its correlates among HCPs of India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was an observational study, cross-sectionally designed, conducted among 524 HCPs of India using a structured Google form during July 2020. For data analysis, SPSS (version 22) was used.

RESULTS:
Among the study participants, 68.3% were found to be financially literate. Among the various subdomains of the total financial literacy, knowledge regarding general domain was observed to be the best (69.3%) followed by savings (63.7%) and investment (58.0%) domains, respectively. The total financial literacy score was found to be positively correlated with higher age [spearman rho correlation co-efficient (ρ) = 0.25; P =< 0.01], qualification [(medical postgraduate) (ρ= 0.16; P =< 0.01); (medical super speciality) (ρ = 0.14; P =< 0.01)], and annual family income (ρ= 0.29; P =< 0.01). Moreover, males (ρ= 0.23; P =< 0.01)], currently married (ρ= 0.19; P =< 0.01), and surgeons (ρ= 0.12; P =< 0.01) were found to be more financially literate compared with others. Positive financial attitude (ρ= 0.26; P =< 0.01) and regular maintenance of financial record (ρ= 0.21; P =< 0.01) were the other enabling factors of financial literacy observed in the study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Financial literacy was found to be quite low in the surveyed HCPs as every third study participant were found to be deficient in knowledge regarding one or more financial attributes. Incorporation of finance management in curriculum of the healthcare allied courses and repeated sensitization of the graduated HCPs are warranted to enable them to take effective financial decisions to meet their personal and organizational financial goals.
The effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the intention of vaccination against human papillomavirus in female students
Authors: Zomordi Golchehreh , Moradi Maryam , Hasanzadeh Malihe , Ghavami Vahid 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and causes more than 90% of cervical cancers. The highest rate of infection occurs between the ages of 18 and 28. This study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the intention of vaccination against HPV in female students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This controlled educational trial study was performed on 72 female students aged 18–26 years of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by random assignment to intervention and control groups. For random assignment in the intervention and control groups, random blocking with four blocks was performed using a random number table with a ratio of 1:1. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, awareness about HPV vaccination, and TPB theory constructs. The control group was received the university routine training. The intervention group was received the virtual group training in four sessions, 60–90 min at weekly intervals and with educational content including TPB constructs on HPV vaccination with the method of lecture training, group discussion, questions and answers, and presentation of training package. Questionnaires were completed before, instantly, and 1 month after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact, t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Friedman test.

RESULTS:
The mean age of students was 18.9 ± 1.1 years. The intervention and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Before the intervention, the mean score of model constructs did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but after the intervention, in the intervention group, mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the difference in the mean score of HPV vaccination intention instantly (P < 0.001) and 1 month (P < 0.001) after the intervention significantly increased.

CONCLUSION:
TPB-based education was effective in increasing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control and the intention to vaccinate against HPV in the female students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that the present educational intervention be widely used to educate female students.
Assessment of the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on undergraduate medical students in India
Authors: Shreevastava Amit Kumar , Mavai Manisha , Mittal Pragati Sheel , Verma Ranjana , Kaur Daljit , Bhandari Bharti 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Medical students who are prone to psychological stress due to their overburdened curriculum, are at an increased risk of getting adversely affected by the pandemic. The present study was planned to assess the anxiety level among undergraduate medical students across the country using generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this online survey, anonymous data was collected through Google forms from undergraduate students from all the phases of MBBS course across the country from August 15, 2020, to October 15, 2020. Section I collected various demographic information, section II included GAD-7 questionnaire for assessing anxiety and section III had open- ended questions about their impending fear, uncertainties, and apprehensions. The data was expressed in percentage and association among the variables was determined using Chi-square test. Thematic analysis of the open-ended responses was done.

RESULTS:
Among the sample of 1208 students, 81% were from urban areas. During the pandemic, 77% were residing with their parents and 71% parents having stable jobs. Eighty percent students had no relative diagnosed with COVID-19, whereas 52% students had family members with comorbidity. The GAP score showed mild, moderate, and severe anxiety in 27, 24, and 16% students, respectively. Anxiety was significantly associated with rural setting and with COVID-19 positive or comorbid family member (P < 0.05). Open ended responses revealed that majority of the students were finding it difficult to cope with the academic stress at home but still did not want to join back.

CONCLUSION:
With such a high incidence of anxiety among medical students, it is pertinent to safeguard the mental health and implement efficient approaches to upkeep the scholastic, physical, emotional, and professional well-being of medical students during such vulnerable times.
The effectiveness of virtual interactive video in comparison with online classroom in the stroke topic of theoretical neurology in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vakilian Alireza , Ranjbar Ehsan Zare , Hassanipour Mahsa , Ahmadinia Hassan , Hasani Hamid 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sufficient interaction between the trainers and the trainees in medical education is always one of the biggest challenges for an educational system. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of virtual interactions within the educational content of stroke on the effectiveness of teaching for general medicine students during COVID-19 crisis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Eight medical students applying for stroke education were divided into two groups by simple random sampling (Rafsanjan Medical School, 2020). The first group participated in an online classroom via the Adobe Connect platform without virtual interaction. The second group used a video presentation containing interaction scenarios. The effectiveness evaluation of each type of educational content was done by comparison of the final exam scores and the results of an electronic satisfaction questionnaire in each group. Finally, using SPSS software version 18, the data were analyzed with independent samples t-test.

RESULTS:
This study showed that the mean of the examination scores of the interactive virtual content group (6.14 ± 1.46) was significantly higher than the online class group (4.50 ± 1.50) (P < 0.001), and also the results of satisfaction assessment showed that this group was more satisfied with their educational content (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSION:
Evaluation of the virtual stroke training effectiveness for general medical students shows that the educational approach of video with virtual interactions is an effective learning method in medical topics and can be considered as an efficacious educational model in online teaching.
Health-related quality of life among adult patients with visual impairments in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Raadabadi Mehdi , Emamgholipour Sara , Daroudi Rajabali , Madadizadeh Farzan , Veisi Amirreza 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Visual impairment (VI) is one of the major public health problems that cause suffering, disability, loss of productivity, and reduced quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the health-related QoL (HRQoL) among adults with visual problems in 2021.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients with VIs referring to ophthalmology centers in Yazd, Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using EQ-5D, visual analog scale (VAS), and demographic information questionnaires. The results were analyzed using independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model (ALDVMM) model by STATA, and SPSS.

RESULTS:
The mean and standard deviation of EQ-5D-5 L index and EQ-VAS score in the studied patients were 0.68 ± 0.25 and 72.46 ± 19.36, respectively. Most problems at unable/extreme level were related to the mobility dimension (12%) and the usual activities dimension (9%). Factors related to HRQoL scores using ALDVMM model showed that divorced or widow marital status, age over 50, having strabismus, and acuter visual problems had significant negative effects on EQ-5D-5 L index values (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results showed that HRQoL was moderate in patients with VIs and reduced in patients with high disease severity, old age, lack of a spouse, retirement, and nonuniversity education. As a result, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were required to be considered in visual health policies.
Perception of undergraduate medical students toward stressors and de-stressors during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Parida Swayam Pragyan , Giri Prajna Paramita , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Sahoo Bimal Kumar , Subba Sonu H. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
COVID-19 has affected the quality of life of all age groups. Medical education during the pandemic shifted to online mode due to lockdown restrictions. The stress felt by medical students during the pandemic has been studied less. The current study aimed to assessed the stressors and de-stressors for undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted for the undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care institute of eastern India. A total of 307 medical students were included in the study by convenient and snowball sampling. A self-designed semi-structural questionnaire was created as a Google form and circulated among the students between September and October 2020. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling was adopted. Responses regarding stressors and de-stressors were recorded on a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Categorical variables were presented as percentages and descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:
A total of 307 students responded and 64.5% of them were men and 35.5% were women. 47.6% of the students experienced stress due to changes brought about by COVID-19. Risk of parents getting infection (63.2%), fear of not easily returning home (53.1%), lack of clinical exposure (52.7%), and financial impact (47.9%) were the major stressors perceived by the students. Connecting with family and friends through social media (47.5%), gaming (45.0%), online streaming platform (51.2%), spending time with family members (54.4%) were the coping strategies adopted by these students.

Conclusion:
Higher level of psychological stress perceived by the undergraduate students needs psychological intervention. Academic revamp and adaptation of coping strategies are required for the medical under-graduates.
The impact of a didactic and experiential learning model on health profession students’ knowledge, perceptions, and confidence in the use of telehealth
Authors: Boos Karene , Murphy Kerri , George Thomas St. , Brandes James , Hopp Jane 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Training of health profession students in telehealth is important to ensure proper implementation for healthcare delivery. This prospective study aimed to analyze the effects of didactic and experiential learning on knowledge, confidence, and attitudes of telehealth among health profession students (Survey 1). The perceptions of a mixed model telehealth platform were also considered among these students and community clients (Survey 2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A quasi-experimental repeated-measure study was conducted on 153 university health profession students in physician assistant, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and nursing (NR) across the 2020–2021 academic year. Survey 1 was administered to students pre/postdidactic telehealth training and at two sequential points within two semesters of telehealth experiential learning. Survey 2 was distributed among students and a pool of 19 community clients at 4 time points across the experience. Survey data were analyzed using R software.

RESULTS:
There was a significant improvement in telehealth knowledge, confidence, and attitudes among all student disciplines after the didactic module with marginal means ranging 3.313/5–4.318/5 for pretest to posttest 1. Improvement continued through experiential learning with marginal means ranging 4.170/5–4.369/5 in posttest 3. There was also a significant student and client approval of the telehealth platform with a student mean high of 3.962/5 ± 0.527 and client mean high of 4.727/5 ± 0.238.

CONCLUSION:
A didactic training module combined with experiential learning is effective for health profession students' improvement in perception, knowledge, and attitudes toward telehealth. Health profession students and community clients approve a mixed model telehealth platform.