bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of short‐term outcomes of robotic‐assisted and conventional laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Yamanashi Takahiro , Miura Hirohisa , Tanaka Toshimichi , Watanabe Akiko , Goto Takuya , Yokoi Keigo , Kojo Ken , Niihara Masahiro , Hosoda Kei , Kaizu Takashi , Yamashita Keishi , Sato Takeo , Kumamoto Yusuke , Hiki Naoki , Naitoh Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe advantages of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) for rectal cancer remain controversial. This study clarified and compared the short‐term outcomes of RALS for rectal cancer with those of conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS).MethodsThe records of 303 consecutive patients who underwent RALS or CLS for rectal adenocarcinoma between November 2016 and November 2021 were analyzed using propensity score‐matched analysis. After matching, 188 patients were enrolled in our study to compare short‐term outcomes, such as operative results, postoperative complications, and pathological findings, in each group.ResultsAfter matching, baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Although operative time in the RALS group was significantly longer than in the CLS group (p < 0.0001), the conversion rate to open laparotomy and the postoperative complication rate in the RALS group were significantly lower than in the CLS group (p = 0.0240 and p = 0.0109, respectively). Blood loss was comparable between groups. In the RALS group, postoperative hospital stay and days to soft diet were significantly shorter than those in the CLS group (p = 0.0464 and p < 0.0001, respectively). No postoperative mortality was observed in either group and significant differences were observed in resection margins and number of lymph nodes harvested.ConclusionRobotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer was safe, technically feasible, and had acceptable short‐term outcomes. Further studies are required to validate long‐term oncological outcomes.
Volunteering and psychological wellbeing in college students in China
Authors: Geng Yun , Huang Chien‐Chung , Deng Guosheng , Cheung Shannon P. , Liao Jinyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study used data from 1871 college students across China to examine the relations among volunteering and PWB in 2020. Results of regression analysis indicate that volunteering had positive effects on the PWB of the students. Students whose motivation to volunteer was public interest had greater PWB, regardless of the degree to which they also reported private gain as a motivation. The significant interaction results indicate that students whose volunteer motivation included both public interest and private gains and who had high frequency of volunteering were more likely to have higher PWB. Policy and practice implications were discussed.
More home births during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Netherlands
Authors: Verhoeven Corine J. M. , Boer José , Kok Marjolein , Nieuwenhuijze Marianne , de Jonge Ank , Peters Lilian L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this observational study was to examine whether the course of pregnancy and birth and accompanying outcomes among low‐risk pregnant women changed in the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to the prepandemic period.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Dutch Midwifery Case Registration System (VeCaS). Differences in the course of pregnancy and birth, and accompanying maternal and neonatal outcomes, were calculated between women pregnant during the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 1 to August 3, 2020) and the prepandemic period (March 1–August 3, 2019). We also conducted a stratified analysis by parity.ResultsWe included 5913 low‐risk pregnant women of whom 2963 (50.1%) were pregnant during the first surge of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and 2950 (49.9%) in the prepandemic period. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, more women desired and had a home birth. More women used pain medication and fewer had an episiotomy in the COVID‐19 period than prior. Multiparous women had a higher suspected rate of fetal growth restriction during COVID; however, the actual rate of small for gestational age infants was not significantly increased. We observed no differences for onset and augmentation of labor or for mode of birth, though the rate of vaginal births increased.ConclusionsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a higher rate of planned and actual home birth, and suspected growth restriction and a lower rate of episiotomy among low‐risk pregnant women in the Netherlands.
The prevalence of sleep disorders in adults with learning disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Shanahan Paul , Ahmad Shahnaz , Smith Kimberley , Palod Swapnil , Fife‐Schaw Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research indicated a high prevalence of disordered sleep among adults with learning disabilities, however issues with design impacted findings. The current systematic review aims to: (a) present how disordered sleep and sleep disorders amongst adults with learning disabilities are described in the literature, and (b) report on the prevalence of disordered sleep and sleep disorders among adults with learning disabilities.MethodsFive databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and PubMed) were searched for articles published from 1900 to October 2021 that examined the prevalence of disordered sleep and/or sleep disorders in adults aged 18 or older with learning disabilities. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies was used to assess study quality and prevalence is described and reported as ranges. The study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019134550).FindingsA total of 27 studies were selected. Twenty studies (n = 8043 participants) examined the prevalence of disordered sleep and identified prevalence ranging from 6.1% to 74.2% across a range of sleep parameters. Twelve studies examined sleep‐related breathing disorders (n = 2558 participants) and identified prevalence which ranged from 0.5% to 100%. There was notable heterogeneity between studies in terms of quality, definition of disordered sleep, measurement of sleep, and study design.ConclusionThere was a variable prevalence of disordered sleep among people living with learning disabilities. There were problems in meaningfully synthesising results due to heterogeneity in measurement, diagnosis, study design and study quality. Based on these limitations, we suggest that future studies should seek to utilise objective, replicable and consistent measures of sleep in this population and control for physical health factors which could influence prevalence such as epilepsy and iatrogenic effects.
Patient willingness to receive full-body skin exams based on the sex and/or gender and training level of provider: a survey study
Authors: Perche Patrick O. , Ranpariya Varun K. , Swali Ritu N. , Clarey Dillon D. , Wysong Ashley , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Full-body skin examinations (FBSEs) involve examination of the patient’s skin from head to toe, and may be uncomfortable for some patients. While many patients prefer same-sex providers for pelvic, genital and rectal exams, desire for same-sex providers for FBSEs is not well characterized. This may be further magnified when FBSE is performed by medical trainees. We surveyed 566 subjects using Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), an online crowdsourcing platform, to assess the public’s willingness to receive FBSEs based on the sex and/or gender and the level of training of the healthcare provider (HCP). The overall willingness by all respondents to undergo FBSE performed by a dermatologist, dermatology resident and medical student was 84.3%, 77.5% and 65.7%, respectively, if the HCP was the same sex/gender, compared with 60.6%, 54.8% and 45.7% if the HCP was a different sex/gender (P &lt; 0.001). In our cohort, unwillingness for FBSEs was greater if the patient was female, if the HCP was a different gender/sex from the patient and if the HCP was a medical student.
A three‐in‐one alveolar process reconstruction protocol for maxillary molar sites with severe residual bone height deficiency: A proof‐of‐concept pilot study
Authors: Duan Deng‐Hui , Wang En‐Bo , Zhang Jian‐Yun , Yuan Qiao , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundImplant placement in maxillary molar sites with severe height deficiency often requires multiple surgeries, which was time‐consuming, invasive, and subject to serious postoperative complications.PurposeTo introduce and assess a three‐in‐one technique (extraction, alveolar ridge preservation [ARP], and sinus elevation) for augmenting deficiency maxillary molar alveolar ridges.Material and MethodsFourteen patients with severe posterior maxillary ridge height deficiency underwent extraction, sinus elevation via an intrasocket window and ARP using sticky bone and then covered with acellular dermal matrix (ADM). Primary closure was intentionally not obtained. Cone‐beam computed tomography and periapical radiography were used to measure dimensional ridge changes over time. Bone biopsies were taken at implant placement 7–21 months after surgery, which proceeded without additional grafting. Peri‐implant soft tissue was assessed after 8–12 months of functional loading.ResultsMaxillary molar sites (13 first molars, 1 second molar) with a mean sinus floor height of 1.73 ± 0.86 mm and mean buccal plate thickness of 1.62 ± 1.15 mm were elevated and grafted. Immediately after surgery, the mean sinus floor height was 14.03 ± 1.97 mm and the alveolar thickness at virtual implant platform level was 12.99 ± 1.88 mm. After 5–9 months healing, those measurements decreased by 2.45 ± 1.73 mm (p = 0.000) and 3.88 ± 3.95 mm (p = 0.006), respectively. Healed ridges were composed of 18.74% ± 4.34% mean vital bone and 19.08% ± 9.10% mean residual graft. After 8–12 months of functional loading, the peri‐implant tissue appeared healthy, and there was a mean marginal bone loss of 0.12 ± 0.11 mm.ConclusionsFor maxillary first molar sites with severe sinus floor height deficiency, this minimally invasive three‐in‐one treatment allows for uncomplicated implant placement and short‐term functional stability.
A two‐stage deep learning framework for image‐based android malware detection and variant classification
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Menon Neeraj , Ravi Vinayakumar , Vishvanathan Sowmya , Pham Tuan D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the popularity of the internet and smartphones, malware on smartphones has increased dramatically. In addition, the ubiquity and openness of the Android operating system have made it a lucrative platform for cybercriminals to develop malware. Traditional malware detection techniques require a lot of time and manual effort to classify malware accurately. Recently, deep learning (DL) based malware detection and classification techniques have been developed to solve this issue. This article proposes a DL‐based two‐stage framework that detects Android malware and classifies its variants using image‐based malware representations of the Android DEX files. The framework uses the EfficientNetB0 convolutional neural network (CNN) to extracts relevant features from the malware color images. The extracted features are then passed through a global average pooling layer and fed into a stacking classifier. The stacking classifier employs linear support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) algorithms as base‐level classifiers and logistic regression as the meta‐level classifier. This method obtained an accuracy of 100% in the binary classification of Android malware images and a 92.9% accuracy in 5‐class (Adsware, Adware + Adware, Clicker + Trojan, Spyware, and Benign) classification, and an 88.6% accuracy in 4‐class (Adsware, Adware + Adware, Clicker + Trojan, and Spyware) classification. We compared our method with 26 state‐of‐the‐art pretrained CNN models (including the original EfficientNetB0) and large‐scale learning classifiers such as EfficientNetB0‐SVM and EfficientNetB0‐RF. The proposed framework outperformed the compared methods in all performance metrics. Experiments also demonstrate that substituting the softmax layer of CNNs with a large‐scale learning classifier or stacking classifier results in an enhanced performance over the original network.
Foreign institutional ownership and corporate risk‐taking: International evidence
Authors: Huang Garland , An Zhe , Li Donghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study aims to investigate the role of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) on corporate risk‐taking in an international context. We conjecture that FIIs play a role in encouraging firms to take risks and can substitute country‐level corporate governance in determining corporate risk‐taking.Research Findings/InsightsEmploying a large sample of 17,698 firms across 42 economies, we show that foreign institutional ownership positively influences corporate risk‐taking. This positive relation is achieved through the monitoring channel and the insurance channel. Furthermore, we show that FIIs substitute country‐level corporate governance in determining corporate risk‐taking, indicating that FIIs play a significant role in promoting risk‐taking in economies with weaker governance. In addition, debtholders view FIIs' risk‐promoting role negatively and use more restrictive covenants to protect themselves.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study provides empirical support for the role of FIIs on corporate investment decisions, thus complementing the existing literature. In addition, our paper documents that country‐level corporate governance and FIIs are substitutes in determining corporate risk‐taking, thus shedding additional light not only on the role of country‐level corporate governance but also on its controversial joint role with FIIs.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsFIIs from economies with stronger corporate governance are particularly effective at promoting corporate risk‐taking in economies with weaker corporate governance, providing a new channel through which foreign investments can influence economic growth in developing economies. Therefore, policymakers should carefully consider and trade off the costs and benefits of foreign investment when proposing relevant policies.
Kamini, a little recognised source of illicit opioid: A case series of 12 patients
Authors: Khan Tabibul , Ariyawansa Pem , Quinn Janette , Hayllar Jeremy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis case series describes 12 patients who developed opioid use disorder after ingesting a prohibited, imported herbal product, Kamini, which contains Papaver somniferum. They appeared unaware of the risk of dependence from Kamini and most had struggled to manage their use for many months before presenting for treatment.MethodsAfter two cases were presented at a clinical meeting, a chart review was conducted of cases across four public opioid treatment clinics in south‐east Queensland with about 1500 patients registered, identifying 10 further cases.ResultsTwelve patients presented with features of opioid withdrawal, seeking treatment after use of Kamini for periods between 6 months and 8 years. Eleven patients were born in India. Nine patients stabilised on buprenorphine maintenance treatment, three of whom commenced long‐acting injectable buprenorphine. One patient left after 1 day and subsequently began methadone treatment with a private prescriber. Two patients on smaller doses and shorter‐term use undertook withdrawal with prescribed (off‐label) trans‐dermal buprenorphine. One patient, initially lost to follow‐up, later stabilised on long‐acting injectable buprenorphine. Reasons for presenting included supply shortages and financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Discussion and ConclusionKamini represents an illicit source of non‐prescription opioid in Australia. Although classified as an illegal import by the Therapeutic Goods Administration, patients confirm that it is readily available in Brisbane. Targeted efforts are needed to prevent further patients developing opioid dependence from use of Kamini and also to highlight treatment options for those seeking to stop Kamini use.
Planning complementary conservation of crop wild relative diversity in southern Africa
Authors: Magos Brehm Joana , Gaisberger Hannes , Kell Shelagh , Parra‐Quijano Mauricio , Thormann Imke , Dulloo Mohammad Ehsan , Maxted Nigel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo identify priority areas for in situ conservation and collection of germplasm for ex situ backup of crop wild relative (CWR) diversity in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region as part of an action plan for the conservation and use of the region's important CWR diversity.LocationSADC region.MethodsDiversity, gap and climate change analyses at species and ecogeographic diversity levels were undertaken for 113 regional priority CWR taxa.ResultsCWR hotspots were identified in Eswatini (former Swaziland), Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Twenty‐one per cent of regionally priority CWR occur exclusively outside existing protected areas (PAs), 50% are not conserved ex situ, and 64% are predicted to be negatively impacted by climate change. A total of 120 existing PAs in 13 countries were identified as containing populations likely to persist in the future for 80% of CWR taxa and about 50% of the ecogeographic diversity of these taxa; remaining diversity can be conserved in an additional 151 complementary sites in 11 countries. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, South Africa and Tanzania contain important areas for conserving CWR diversity in situ in which no negative climate change impact is predicted. Priority CWR diversity in the provinces of Bas‐Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Cabinda (Angola) is threatened by climate change and should be collected urgently for ex situ conservation. Other areas rich in ecogeographic diversity that is not conserved ex situ are located in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.Main conclusionsWe identified 120 PAs and 151 complementary sites outside of PAs in 13 SADC countries that could form the basis of the SADC Network for In Situ Conservation of CWR. We also selected priority areas for filling gaps in ex situ collections and for field survey.
Polarized macrophages promote gestational beta cell growth through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 signalling
Authors: Jiang Yinan , Chen Apeng , Kline Diana , Liu Qun , Ma Jie , Wang Yan , Zhang Ting , Qian Jieqi , Nelson Laura , Prasadan Krishna , Hu Baoli , Gittes George K. , Xiao Xiangwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo show that depletion of pancreatic macrophages impairs gestational beta cell proliferation and leads to glucose intolerance.Materials and MethodsGenetic animal models were applied to study the effects of depletion of pancreatic macrophges on gestational beta‐cell proliferaiton and glucose response. The crosstalk between macrophages and beta‐cells was studied in vivo using beta‐cell‐specific extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) knockout and epidermal growth receptor (EGFR) knockout mice, and in vitro using a co‐culture system.ResultsBeta cell‐derived placental growth factor (PlGF) recruited naïve macrophages and polarized them towards an M2‐like phenotype. These macrophages then secreted epidermal growth factor (EGF), which activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) signalling in beta cells to promote gestational beta cell proliferation. On the other hand, activation of ERK5 signalling in beta cells likely, in turn, enhanced the production and secretion of PlGF by beta cells.ConclusionsOur study shows a regulatory loop between macrophages and beta cells through PlGF/EGF/ERK5 signalling cascades to regulate gestational beta cell growth.
Effects of oviposition in a non‐host species on foraging behaviour of the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata
Authors: de Bruijn Jessica A. C. , Vet Louise E. M. , Smid Hans M. , de Boer Jetske G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Parasitoids lay their eggs in or on a host, usually another insect. During foraging, parasitoids can encounter insects that differ in terms of host suitability and quality. At one extreme end of this spectrum are non‐hosts that are unsuitable for offspring development.
Non‐hosts are generally ignored but parasitization does occur and occasionally also results in egg deposition. Here, the authors investigate how oviposition in a non‐host influences subsequent foraging behaviour of a parasitoid and whether this is mediated by learning. The study system consists of the endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata and the presumed non‐host caterpillar Mamestra brassicae.
In the presence of Pieris brassicae hosts and/or their traces (frass), C. glomerata inserted its ovipositor into M. brassicae caterpillars. Eggs were deposited, but all eggs disappeared within 96 h, confirming the non‐host status of M. brassicae. In contrast to the expectation, there was no memory retention after oviposition in a non‐host and parasitoids did not alter their behaviour with respect to non‐host contacts and ovipositions. Instead, C. glomerata became more motivated to forage on a non‐host infested leaf.
The authors propose that egg deposition in non‐hosts by C. glomerata might be due to their high egg load, which is thought to make parasitoids less selective on host quality, especially when they have few reproductive opportunities. In such cases, fitness costs to individual females are low. Egg deposition in non‐hosts might ultimately lead to host range expansion if parasitoids overcome the defence response of non‐hosts over evolutionary time.
The solitary nucleus connectivity to key autonomic regions in humans
Authors: Forstenpointner Julia , Maallo Anne Margarette S. , Elman Igor , Holmes Scott , Freeman Roy , Baron Ralf , Borsook David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is a key brainstem structure relaying interoceptive peripheral information to the interrelated brain centres for eliciting rapid autonomic responses and for shaping longer‐term neuroendocrine and motor patterns. Structural and functional NTS' connectivity has been extensively investigated in laboratory animals. But there is limited information about NTS' connectome in humans. Using MRI, we examined diffusion and resting state data from 20 healthy participants in the Human Connectome Project. The regions within the brainstem (n = 8), subcortical (n = 6), cerebellar (n = 2) and cortical (n = 5) parts of the brain were selected via a systematic review of the literature and their white matter NTS connections were evaluated via probabilistic tractography along with functional and directional (i.e. Granger causality) analyses. The underlying study confirms previous results from animal models and provides novel aspects on NTS integration in humans. Two key findings can be summarized: (1) the NTS predominantly processes afferent input and (2) a lateralization towards a predominantly left‐sided NTS processing. Our results lay the foundations for future investigations into the NTS' tripartite role composed of interoreceptors' input integration, the resultant neurochemical outflow and cognitive/affective processing. The implications of these data add to the understanding of NTS' role in specific aspects of autonomic functions.