bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive phototherapy vs. exchange transfusion for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Meng , He Yang , Tang Jun , Dong Wenbin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Benjin , Wan Hong , Deng Quanmin , Guan Lirong , Xia Bin , Chen Zhong , Ge Min , Zhao Jing , Li Wenxing , Pei Jingjun , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven centers from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia that met the criteria of ET were included. Patients were divided into three subgroups (low-, medium-, and high- risk) according to gestational week and risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the data before treatment. Study outcomes included the development of bilirubin encephalopathy, duration of hospitalization, expenses, and complications. Mortality, auditory complications, seizures, enamel dysplasia, ocular motility disorders, athetosis, motor, and language development were evaluated during follow-up at age of 3 years.

Results:
A total of 1164 patients were included in this study. After PSM, 296 patients in the IPT only group and 296 patients in the IPT plus ET group were further divided into the low-, medium-, and high-risk subgroups with 188, 364, and 40 matched patients, respectively. No significant differences were found between the IPT only and IPT plus ET groups in terms of morbidity, complications, and sequelae. Hospitalization duration and expenses were lower in the low- and medium-risk subgroups in the IPT only group.

Conclusions:
In this study, our results suggest that IPT is a safe and effective treatment for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The indication of ET for patients with hyperbilirubinemia could be stricter. However, it is necessary to have a contingency plan for emergency ET as soon as IPT is commenced especially for infants with risk factors. If IPT can be guaranteed and proved to be therapeutic, ET should be avoided as much as possible.
Combined Endonasal and Orbital Approach for Resection of Orbital Apical Tumors
Authors: Cohen Liza M. , Grob Seanna R. , Krantz Kenneth B. , Feldman Kenneth A. , Rootman Daniel B. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Tumors of the medial orbital apex can be challenging to resect. Primary endonasal resection can be limited by requirements for fat retraction and poor angulation for lateral orbital dissection. Orbital resection alone can have space limitations and a limited view for dissection of the posterior aspect of the tumor. The combined transorbital transnasal approach integrates the retraction and instrumentation advantages of the transorbital approach with the optical and space advantages of the transnasal approach.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional cohort study, patients who underwent surgical resection of an apical orbital tumor via a combined endoscopic and orbital approach from 2014 to 2019 were identified. Clinical history, examination findings, imaging, surgical technique, histopathology, and complications were reviewed.

Results:
Six patients were included. Patients presented with proptosis (5), optic neuropathy (3), and motility restriction (2). Surgery involved a medial orbitotomy and endoscopic ethmoidectomy ± sphenoidotomy, medial wall removal, and periosteum opening. The lesion was prolapsed into the sinus, dissected at the apex via the orbital approach, and removed through the nasal cavity. Pathologic diagnoses were cavernous venous malformation (4), venolymphatic malformation (1), and metastatic carcinoid (1). Improvement in pain (2/2), optic neuropathy (2/3), and proptosis (5/5) were noted. Complications included ethmoid mucocele and nasal polyps.

Conclusions:
The combined endonasal and orbital approach involves prolapsing the lesion into the nasal cavity to aid in dissection on the lateral and posterior aspects, maximizing visibility of the tight intraconal space. This technique can be performed by a team of orbital surgeons experienced in both orbital and endonasal surgery.
Near Miss Research in the Healthcare System
Authors: Feng Ting-ting , Zhang Xin , Tan Ling-ling , Liu Di , Dai Li-cao , Liu Hua-ping 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to depict a comprehensive description of near miss research and clarify research gaps.

BACKGROUND
Learning from near miss can provide early warnings and is critical for proactive and prospective risk management. Because of the lack of structured reviews, there is little knowledge about how near miss management has been managed in the past.

METHODS
This review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley's methodology and reported by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.

RESULTS
Sixty-seven research articles were included. The results revealed that the most investigated fields include near miss reporting, near miss characteristics, and good catch project. Poor theoretical investigation, underreporting, and inconsistent outcome indicators are major problems.

CONCLUSIONS
Solely understanding causes of near misses cannot guarantee effective learning; we also need to apply appropriate learning theories. Advanced technologies should be applied to solve long-standing underreporting issues. Accurate and consistent indicators should be applied in near miss research and management.
Did we do the right thing? The appropriateness of orthopedic operative interventions during the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Batti Kevin , Sharfman Zachary T. , Dimitroulias Apostolos , Sen Milan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
During the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic elective surgeries were cancelled and operative indications curtailed to counteract shortages in resources. We aimed to review each orthopedic operative indication at an urban Level 1 Trauma Center inundated with COVID. We aimed to classify the appropriateness of each operative intervention and determine if exposure to COVID impacted morbidity or mortality.

Methods:
All orthopedic procedures between March 16, 2020 and May 16, 2020 were reviewed. The most urgent surgical indication for each procedure was classified by 2 fellowship trained orthopedic trauma surgeons and 2 senior residents. The appropriateness of the operative intervention was determined. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery (AAOS) and American College of Surgeons (ACS) guidelines for surgery during the pandemic were considered.

Results:
Seventy-six surgical encounters were performed on 71 inpatients including 99 total procedures. No outpatient procedures were performed. Fifty-four of 71 patients were male. There was a mean age of 51.6 years. Of 71 patients, 41 presented to the emergency department without trauma activation with a mean time to presentation of 2.7 days post injury. The most urgent surgical indications included 18 hip fractures, 18 periarticular fractures, 17 open fractures, 7 severe infections, 5 pelvic fractures, 5 femoral shaft fractures, 3 spinal injuries, 1 tibial fracture, 1 tendon injury, and 1 clavicle fracture. Four procedures could have been delayed for conservative management without causing significant harm. Upon discharge 13/71 patients had tested positive for COVID, 41/71 had remained negative throughout their hospital stay, and 17/71 patients never were tested. Four patients contracted COVID in the hospital. There were 4 in hospital deaths, 2 attributed to hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID pneumonia.

Conclusion:
It was determined that 72/76 cases were considered appropriate in following guidelines of the AAOS and ACS. This highlights the value of halting outpatient procedures and limiting patient exposure to COVID. Comprehensive patient/provider discussions addressing the risks, benefits, alternatives to surgery, and the risk of exposure to respiratory illness are vital. It behooves the surgical team to follow established guidelines such as those of the AAOS and ACS when triaging orthopedic patients for a surgical admission.
Estimation of HIV incidence from analysis of HIV prevalence patterns among female sex workers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ali M. Sanni , Wit Mariken D.E. , Chabata Sungai T. , Magutshwa Sitholubuhle , Musemburi Sithembile , Dirawo Jeffrey , Rice Brian , Platt Lucy , Bansi-Matharu Loveleen , Harriet Jones , Mharadze Tendayi , Chiyaka Tarisai , Mushati Phillis , Mugurungi Owen , Yekeye Raymond , Mpofu Amon , Phillips Andrew N. , Cowan Frances M. , Hargreaves James R. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
To estimate HIV incidence among female sex workers (FSW) in Zimbabwe: using HIV prevalence by age and number of years since started selling sex (YSSS).

Design:
We pooled data from FSW aged 18–39 participating in respondent-driven sampling surveys conducted in Zimbabwe between 2011 and 2017.

Methods:
For each year of age, we estimated: HIV prevalence (P

t
) and the change in HIV prevalence from the previous age (P

t
− P

t−1). We then estimated the rate of new HIV infections during that year of age: I

t
= P

t
− P

t−1/(1 − P

t−1), and calculated HIV incidence for 18–24 and 25–39 year-olds separately as the weighted average of I

t
. We estimated HIV incidence for FSW 1–5 years and 6–15 years since first selling sex using the same approach, and compared HIV prevalence among FSW first selling sex at their current age with the general population.

Results:
Among 9906 women, 50.2% were HIV positive. Based on HIV prevalence increases by age, we estimated an HIV incidence of 6.3/100 person-years at risk (pyar) (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3, 7.6) among 18–24 year-olds, and 3.3/100 pyar (95% CI 1.3, 4.2) among 25–39 year-olds. Based on prevalence increases by YSSS, HIV incidence was 5.3/100 pyar (95% CI 4.3, 8.5) between 1 and 5 years since first selling sex, and 2.1/100 pyar (95% CI −1.3, 7.2) between 6 and 15 years.

Conclusions:
Our analysis is consistent with very high HIV incidence among FSW in Zimbabwe, especially among those who are young and recently started selling sex. There is a critical need to engage young entrants into sex work in interventions that reduce their HIV risk.
Assessing the Profile of Unvaccinated COVID-19 Individuals in African American and Latinx Communities in Eastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Colvin Kenya M. , Camara Kennedy S. , Adams Latasha S. , Sarpong Adline P. , Fuller Danielle G. , Peck Sadie E. , Ramos Anthony S. , Acevedo Ariana L. , Badume Meless A. , Briggs Shae-lyn A. , Chukwurah Tiffany N. , Davila-Gutierrez Zanett , Ewing James A. , Frempong Jemimah O. , Garrett Amirah A. , Grampp Steven J. , Gillespie Jahasia W. , Herrera Emmanuel J. , Maddox Emis J. , Pelaez John C. , Quartey Olivia L. , Rodriguez Fanny , Vasquez Luis A. , Piper Brian J. , Gowtham Swathi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThroughout US history, chronic and infectious diseases have severely impacted minority communities due to lack of accessibility to quality healthcare, accurate information, and underlying racism. These fault lines in the care of minority communities in the US have been further exposed by the rise of COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African American and Latinx communities in Eastern Pennsylvania (PA).MethodsSurvey data was collected in July 2021 in Philadelphia, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and Hazleton, PA. The 203 participants (38.7% Black, 27.5% Latinx) completed the 28-question survey of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in either English or Spanish.ResultsOut of a total of 181 participants that met inclusion criteria of completed surveys, results indicate that 63.5% (n=115) were acceptant of the COVID-19 vaccine whereas the remainder 36.5% (n=66) were hesitant. Binary logistic regression results showed that age, concern for vaccine efficacy, race, knowledge on the vaccine, and belief that the COVID-19 virus is serious significantly influenced COVID vaccine hesitancy. Minorities were more likely to be hesitant toward vaccination (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 6.79) than non-Hispanic whites. Those who believed the COVID vaccine was ineffective (OR: 8.29, 95% CI: 3.78,18.2), and that the virus is not serious (OR: 8.28, 95% CI: 1.11, 61.8) showed the greatest odds of hesitancy.ConclusionsContributing factors of vaccine hesitancy in minority communities were age, concern for vaccine efficacy, and education. Understanding and addressing the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in minority groups is essential to decreasing transmission and controlling this pandemic.
Oral administration of S-217622, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, decreases viral load and accelerates recovery from clinical aspects of COVID-19
Authors: Sasaki Michihito , Tabata Koshiro , Kishimoto Mai , Itakura Yukari , Kobayashi Hiroko , Ariizumi Takuma , Uemura Kentaro , Toba Shinsuke , Kusakabe Shinji , Maruyama Yuki , Iida Shun , Nakajima Noriko , Suzuki Tadaki , Yoshida Shinpei , Nobori Haruaki , Sanaki Takao , Kato Teruhisa , Shishido Takao , Hall William W. , Orba Yasuko , Sato Akihiko , Sawa Hirofumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn parallel with vaccination, oral antiviral agents are highly anticipated to act as countermeasures for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Oral antiviral medication demands not only high antiviral activity but also target specificity, favorable oral bioavailability, and high metabolic stability. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, few have proven to be effective in vivo. Here, we show that oral administration of S-217622, a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro, also known as 3C-like protease), decreases viral load and ameliorates the disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. S-217622 inhibited viral proliferation at low nanomolar to sub-micromolar concentrations in cells. Oral administration of S-217622 demonstrated eminent pharmacokinetic properties and accelerated recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamster recipients. Moreover, S-217622 exerted antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including the highly pathogenic Delta variant and the recently emerged Omicron variant. Overall, our study provides evidence that S-217622, an antiviral agent that is under evaluation in a phase II/III clinical trial, possesses remarkable antiviral potency and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and is a prospective oral therapeutic option for COVID-19.
Optimization of conditions for conjugation of outer membrane vesicles of Salmonella Typhimurium with oral delivery systems using response surface method
Authors: Sultana Anisha , Nath Rita , Tamuly Shantanu , Begum Yasmin , Boruah Jayanta Sarmah , Shome Arijit , Chowdhury Devashish , Deka Suraksha Subedi , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Salmonella Typhimurium can become the effective vaccine candidate. For efficient delivery through oral route, the OMVs are conjugated with some delivery systems. The current study was aimed at optimization of conditions required for conjugation of OMVs with nano- or microparticles for maximum entrapment of OMV in terms of protein concentration.MethodsThe OMVs of Salmonella Typhimurium were conjugated under three optimum conditions of pH, temperature and ratio (nanoparticles or microparticles: OMVs) predicted by response surface method. The efficiency of conjugation was determined by entrapment of OMVs in nano/microparticles.ResultThe pH and temperature were not influential conditions in case of conjugation of OMVs with chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NP) and poly-lactide co-glycolide microparticles (PLG-MP) while they had influence in case of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles. In case of Ch-NP and PLG-MP, the optimum ratio for maximum entrapment was found to be 1:10 and 1:9 respectively. The optimum pH and temperature was found to be 7 and 24°C respectively for conjugation of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles. The optimized conditions did not alter the protein profile and immunogenic potential of conjugated vaccines.
Nisin G is a novel nisin variant produced by a gut-derived Streptococcus salivarius
Authors: Lawrence Garreth W. , Garcia-Gutierrez Enriqueta , Walsh Calum J. , O’Connor Paula M. , Begley Máire , Cotter Paul D. , Guinane Caitriona M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is an emerging human pathogen associated with a number of intestinal conditions including colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Screening for gut-derived strains that exhibit anti-F. nucleatum activity revealed Streptococcus salivarius DPC6487 as a strain of interest. Whole genome sequencing analysis of DPC6487 resulted in the identification of a gene predicted to encode a novel nisin variant designated nisin G. The structural nisin G peptide differs from the prototypical nisin A with respect to seven amino acids (Ile4Tyr, Ala15Val, Gly18Ala, Asn20His, Met21Leu, His27Asn and His31Ile), including differences that have not previously been associated with a natural nisin variant. The nisin G gene cluster consists of nsgGEFABTCPRK with transposases encoded between the nisin G structural gene (nsgA) and nsgF. The cluster lacked an equivalent to the nisI immunity determinant. S. salivarius DPC6487 exhibited a narrower spectrum of activity compared to the nisin A producer, Lactococcus lactis NZ9700, when assessed through deferred antagonism-based assays. Such narrow spectrum activity is desirable as it is less likely to lead to collateral damage to gut commensals.Ultimately, this is the first report of a nisin variant produced by a representative of a species that is frequently a focus for probiotic development. The production of this bacteriocin by a gut-derived S. salivarius and its narrow spectrum activity against F. nucleatum indicates that this strain merits further attention to determine its potential for probiotic-related applications.
The missing builders: craftwork and crafty resistance in the “eco-metropolis” of Copenhagen
Authors: Ebsen Maia 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe paper ethnographically explores modes of urban resistance emerging in tandem with climate change mitigation programs in Copenhagen.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on 11 months of fieldwork with a Danish construction enterprise, the paper examines the politics of urban climate change mitigation programs through the lens of a group of builders' struggles to rethink and resolve dilemmas related to environmental concerns in construction and urban development.FindingsBased on an analysis of a specific construction project connected to a larger urban climate change mitigation program in Copenhagen, the paper shows how the builders deliberately move between different perspectives and positions as they navigate the shifting power relations of urban planning. The paper argues that this form of crafty resistance enables the builders to maneuver the political landscape of urban planning as they seek to appropriate the role of “urban planners” themselves.Originality/valueTaking up recent discussions of “resistance” in anthropology and cognate disciplines (e.g. Theodossopoulos, 2014; Bhungalia, 2020; Prasse-Freeman, 2020), the paper contributes an ethnographic analysis of struggles between diverging and, at times, competing modes of engagement in urban climate change mitigation programs and thus sheds light on how professional actors negotiate the ambiguity of “sustainability” in urban planning.
Optimal production and financing strategies for capital-constrained closed-loop supply chain under risk aversion
Authors: Xia Xiaodong , Chen Weida , Liu Biyu 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal production and financing strategies for the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) composed of a capital-constrained original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a risk-averse authorized remanufacturer (RM).Design/methodology/approachThe authors formulate four models with different scenarios, namely, the OEM has sufficient capital; the OEM has limited capital without financing; the OEM adopts debt financing strategy; and the OEM adopts equity financing strategy. The equilibrium solutions of each scenario are obtained by backward induction method, the influences of risk aversion coefficient on the equilibrium solutions are examined and the OEM's optimal financing strategy is found by comparison analysis.FindingsWhen the OEM's initial capital is limited and the equity dividend ratio is less than a certain threshold, the equity financing strategy is more advantageous for the OEM. However, if the OEM's initial capital is extremely scarce and the dividend proportion is large, the OEM prefers the debt financing strategy. When considering financing, consumer surplus always decreases as the risk aversion factor increases; the debt financing strategy is more environmentally friendly compared with the equity financing strategy. Only the debt financing strategy can make both members in the CLSC achieve a win-win situation in a certain region when the dividend ratio is sufficiently large.Research limitations/implicationsIt will be more fascinating if the model extends to such a case that the production operation situation in the CLSC composed of multiple OEMs in multiple periods. Furthermore, the remanufacturer's risk-averse information is asymmetry may be more realistic in our daily life.Originality/valueThere are three main differences from the existing research. One is that the remanufacturer's risk aversion originates from the uncertain remanufacturing cost instead of the uncertain market demand. Another is that the boundary conditions of the OEM prefer to adopt debt financing is obtained through the envelope theorem with Lagrange multiplier method. Last but not the least, this paper provides a good theoretical reference and practical guidance for the OEM to make the rational financing strategy selection in face of different degree of capital scarcity in the CLSC system. The value of the three aspects provides a theoretical basis for the optimal operation decisions of capital-constrained manufacturer considering the remanufacturer's risk aversion in the CLSC operation system.