bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Vitamin D Dietary Intake and its Associations with Attitude among Pregnant Mothers in Malaysia
Authors: Zulkifli Ernurfarhanis Syahira , Che Taha Che Suhaili 
Published: November 2022

Vitamin D had many benefits to human body, deficiency of it can cause many adverse effect to health including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm birth and small for gestational age infants [1]. High intake from food sources consists of vitamin D and supplementation brought positive effect to pregnant mothers, especially when begin a proper intake during early pregnancy. Sunlight exposure, food sources and supplement intake were the three main sources of vitamin D [2]. Despite of abundance sunlight available throughout the year, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was prevalent in Malaysia particularly among pregnant mothers. Pregnant women were at risk of VDD due to their increased vitamin D needs, poor dietary vitamin D intake, and lack of sun exposure [3]. Pregnancy was a phase of life when VDD was widespread hence making it as a major concern for pregnant and lactating women [4]. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between intake of vitamin D and attitude level among pregnant mothers in Malaysia.

Out of 233 participants from sample size, a total of 200 participants logged onto the online questionnaire, completed the form given with full information on sociodemographic characteristics. 200 of the participants were incorporated into the final data analysis giving the response rate 86%. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data. Applying the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) [2], vitamin D intakes were calculated, and attitude was assessed using customised, validated questionnaires [5,6]. The findings indicated that in Malaysia, the majority of expectant mothers (80.5%) did not meet the RNI 2017 standard. Majority of participants were Malay (93%) followed by Chinese (4%), Indian (2%) and others (1%) and most of them obtained university/college education (80.5%) with moderate monthly income (RM 4,851 - RM 10,970) participated in this study.
The mean dietary intake of vitamin D among pregnant mothers was 10.41 + 4.52 µg/day but did not achieve the RNI recommendation of (15µg/day). The major contributor to vitamin D intake was from fish and fish products followed by milk and milk products, eggs, others, beverages, cereal and cereal products and meat and meat products. The findings showed there was a moderate attitude level towards vitamin D among pregnant mothers in Malaysia with the average score of 74%. Of all the participants, 23.5% revealed a good attitude level towards vitamin D. The results clearly demonstrate there was no association between dietary intake of vitamin D with attitude level (p = 0.241).

This present study found that majority of Malaysian pregnant women has not achieved their vitamin D requirement during pregnancy. According to the study, there was no association between intake of vitamin D and pregnant mothers’ attitudes, but future research should concentrate on methods to avoid VDD in expectant mothers.
The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Young Adults in Terengganu: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sivam Sivabharathi , Harith Sakinah 
Published: November 2022

Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent in both industrialized and developing countries across the world [1]. Globally, over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and above were overweight. Over 650 million of them seem to be obese in where 39% of people aged 18 and above were overweight, with 13% being obese (WHO,2019). Meanwhile, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysians aged 18 and older was 50.1 % in 2019 [2]. The BMI classifications of overweight and obesity are as shown: ≥25.0 kg/ as overweight; 25.0 to 29.2 kg/ as pre-obese; 30.0 to 34.9 kg/ as obesity class I; 35.0 to 39.9 kg/ as obesity class II; and ≥40.0 kg/ as obesity class III [3].

The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in Terengganu. A total of 153 individuals aged 18–40 years old from Terengganu were involved in this study and the data were collected using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire from NHMS 2014. The survey was conducted online where all the answers was self-reported. The nutritional status of the participants was assessed using anthropometry measurements by self-measured height (cm) and weight (kg). The measurement was done by using their own measuring scales.
The respondents (mean age 22.2 ± 5.4 years) were predominantly female (76.5%), Malay (51.0%) and single (94.8%). Most of the participants are from B40 category (64.7%) where their monthly household income is less than RM 4,850. Meanwhile, most of the participants were staying in their own house (57.5%) and the other participants were staying at rental house (17.0%) and hostel (25.5%). The mean body weight and height of the participants were 59.4 kg and 160.0 cm respectively. The mean BMI of the participants is 23.0 kg/ which is normal range. The participants were overweight (7.8% of male and 13.1% of female), and obesity was 3.3% among males and 4.6% among females.
Similarly, in 2017–2018, the prevalence of severe obesity among adults in the United States (US) was 9.2 %, with women having a greater prevalence (11.5%) than men (6.9% ). Participants aged 40–59 years old (11.5%) had the highest frequency of severe obesity. Moreover, obesity is prevalent in France, according to a few studies, with figures ranging from 15 to 17.2% of adults [4].

Obesity is a prominent health concern for a range of diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some malignancies, and decreased life expectancy and death [5]. Hence, the rise in obesity in Malaysia highlights the necessity of public programs aimed at preventing obesity in adults and promoting healthy behaviours in Malaysian population.
Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Loose Oil Palm Fruit (LOPF) from Smallholdings in Serian, Sarawak
Authors: Nubun Casey Anak , Lihan Samuel 
Published: November 2022

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a species of palm tree cultivated mainly for its oil. Malaysia is the second largest producer of oil palm behind Indonesia. During the harvesting of oil palm fruit bunch, some over ripped fruits will get detached from the fruit bunch and these loose fruits will be contaminated with bacteria from the soil. Collecting the loose fruits from the ground is normally done manually by hand and this may allow the transmission of bacteria from the soil to the workers.

According to Table 1, this study reported on the microbial contents of the oil palm loose fruits collected from three different locations of smallholding oil palm in Serian Sarawak, Malaysia. The result shows that F3S3 at Kampung Raeh Baru has the highest number of colonies, 20.4 x 105 CFU mL-1, while the lowest number of colonies was at F2S1, which was at Kampung Beradau, Siburan, with 2.4 x 105 CFU mL-1.
This study was aimed to isolate and identify bacteria on the loose oil palm fruits (LOPF) and determine the microbial quality which may affect the safety and health of the farm workers. Loose oil palm fruits were collected from the ground of three smallholder farms located in Serian, Sarawak. The fruit were weighted and stomached with peptone water in stomacher bags and plated on Nutrient agar. The 16S rRNA PCR was carried out for the bacterial growing on the plate. The purified DNA product was sent to Apical Scientific Sdn. Bhd. for DNA sequencing. The sequences obtained were directly compared with the sequences in the Genbank through the Blastn server. The result obtained shows in Table 2 that 15 different bacterial species were identified from the loose fruit oil palm samples including Chryseobacterium indologenes, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, Klebsiella sp., Pantoe dispersa, Pantoe sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas nitroreducens, Serratia marcescens, Simplicispira metamorpha.
Some of the bacterial species could be pathogenic, hence, it is important to communicate the findings of this research to provide sufficient knowledge to the farmers about the biological hazards associated with the loose oil palm fruits in order for them to take precaution in proper handling of the loose fruits.
Antimicrobial Activity and Prebiotic Effects of Senna alata Leaf Extracts
Authors: Zakaria Nik Hasanah , Sul’ain , Mohd Dasuki , Wan Abdul Wahab Wan-Nor-Amilah 
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants are a great source of antibacterial and prebiotic properties that can treat a wide range of human diseases. Senna alata, also known as "candle bush," has many health benefits. It has antimicrobial properties and has been used for centuries to treat skin infections [1] and digestion-related problems such as constipation, stomach discomfort, and liver diseases [2]. This study aimed to screen the phytoconstituents of S. alata leaf extracts, study their antimicrobial activity against several intestinal pathogens, and investigate their potential prebiotic effects against a few probiotic strains.

Aqueous and ethanolic S. alata leaf extracts were obtained by the maceration method, then dried and stored until used. A qualitative phytochemical analysis of S. alata leaf extracts was performed to determine the presence of biomolecules such as anthraquinones, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. For the antimicrobial study, serial two-fold dilutions of leaf extracts in concentrations ranging from 10 mg/mL to 0.02 mg/mL were performed in a 96-well microplate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). For the prebiotic study, serial two-fold dilutions of leaf extracts in concentrations ranging from 10 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL were conducted in a 96-well microplate to study the growth rate of probiotics by measuring its optical density (OD) at 0 and 24 hours of incubation at 600 nm.

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts showed the presence of tannin, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids. Anthraquinones were not detected in any of the extracts, and phenols could only be detected in the ethanolic leaf extract. At the tested concentrations, both leaf extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae based on the MIC values (Table 1). The growth rate of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum were significantly increased (p <0.05) after being treated with aqueous leaf extract at 24 hours of incubation (Figure 1). A similar growth pattern was obtained with L. helveticus and B. longum treated with ethanolic leaf extracts (Figure 2).
In conclusion, aqueous and ethanolic S. alata leaf extracts displayed antimicrobial activities to certain intestinal pathogenic bacteria at the preliminary extract concentrations employed in the present study. Besides, the extracts have a stimulative effect on the growth of probiotic microorganisms which are typical members of intestinal microbiota. This study provides further evidence that suggests S. alata is one of the prebiotics which could potentially be used to ease the related digestive problems.
RELAY PROTECTION DATABASE
Authors: Elis Sutlović  , Krunomir Petric  
Published: November 2022

The article presents the development of a relay protection database through a series of phases. In the planning phase of the database, problems in a typical relay protection department are examined and the reasons why a database should be developed are determined. Subsequently, during the phase of analysis and the specification of requirements, what the database will be used for is defined. In the phase of the formation and construction of the database, its logic is defined and then a physical model is prepared on a computer using the Microsoft Access database management system, which stipulates how the database will operate. The database is placed into operation and verified using actual data. Training is then provided for the future users. The database presented facilitates the systematization, storage and use of a large quantity of data with minimum redundancy. In addition, it provides support during the regular maintenance of relay protection equipment, the issuing of work orders, periodic reporting etc. The relay protection database can be accessed by several users with differing permissions for individual objects of the database. The right to access is defined by the user identity. Furthermore, a special application has been created to simplify searching updating and printing-out of data, which facilitates the display of a series of previously prepared components of the relay protection database. The basic purpose of the application is to allow the user to utilize the full power of Microsoft Access with a minimum of effort and a minimum of required knowledge about database technique and the system for database management.
APPLICATION OF MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS IN ELECTRICITY MARKET SIMULATORS
Authors: Ivan Rajšl  , Slavko Krajcar  , Krešimir Krpan  
Published: November 2022

Since the liberalization and deregulation of the electricity markets throughout the world are in full swing, the number of market participants, as well as their diversity, is sharply increasing. In the traditional monopolistic market model, all the processes that occur in a power system have been supervised by vertically integrated companies. Since market logic is changing from that oriented toward minimizing generation costs for electrical energy to the trend of maximizing profit, the risk is being distributed among all the market participants uniformly and is no longer entirely borne by the final consumers. Under such uncertain conditions, in which the prices of electrical energy change from hour to hour, each market participant wants a reliable tool to facilitate optimal and quality decisions and strategic performance.
BASS. XXXIII. Swift-BAT Blazars and Their Jets through Cosmic Time
Authors: Marcotulli L. , Ajello M. , Urry C. M. , Paliya V. S. , Koss M. , Oh K. , Madejski G. , Ueda Y. , Baloković M. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Ricci F. , Ricci C. , Stern D. , Harrison F. , Powell M. C. ,   (BASS Collaboration)
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We derive the most up-to-date Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) blazar luminosity function in the 14–195 keV range, making use of a clean sample of 118 blazars detected in the BAT 105 month survey catalog, with newly obtained redshifts from the BAT Active Galatic Nucleus Spectroscopic Survey. We determine the best-fit X-ray luminosity function for the whole blazar population, as well as for flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) alone. The main results are: (1) at any redshift, BAT detects the most luminous blazars, above any possible break in their luminosity distribution, which means we cannot differentiate between density and luminosity evolution; (2) the whole blazar population, dominated by FSRQs, evolves positively up to redshift z ∼ 4.3, confirming earlier results and implying lower number densities of blazars at higher redshifts than previously estimated. The contribution of this source class to the cosmic X-ray background at 14–195 keV can range from 5%–18%, while possibly accounting for 100% of the MeV background. We also derived the average 14 keV–10 GeV spectral energy distribution for BAT blazars, which allows us to predict the number counts of sources in the MeV range, as well as the expected number of high-energy (>100 TeV) neutrinos. A mission like COSI will detect 40 MeV blazars, of which two may have coincident neutrino detections. Finally, taking into account beaming selection effects, the distribution and properties of the parent population of these extragalactic jets are derived. We find that the distribution of viewing angles is quite narrow, with most sources aligned within <5° of the line of sight. Moreover, the average Lorentz factor, 〈Γ〉 = 8–12, is lower than previously suggested for these powerful sources.
Observations of 4U 1626–67 with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer
Authors: Marshall Herman L. , Ng Mason , Rogantini Daniele , Heyl Jeremy , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Poutanen Juri , Costa Enrico , Zane Silvia , Malacaria Christian , Agudo Iván , Antonelli Lucio A. , Bachetti Matteo , Baldini Luca , Baumgartner Wayne H. , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Bianchi Stefano , Bongiorno Stephen D. , Bonino Raffaella , Brez Alessandro , Bucciantini Niccolò , Capitanio Fiamma , Castellano Simone , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Ciprini Stefano , De Rosa Alessandra , Monte Ettore Del , Gesu Laura Di , Lalla Niccolò Di , Marco Alessandro Di , Donnarumma Immacolata , Doroshenko Victor , Dovčiak Michal , Ehlert Steven R. , Enoto Teruaki , Evangelista Yuri , Fabiani Sergio , Ferrazzoli Riccardo , Garcia Javier A. , Gunji Shuichi , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Iwakiri Wataru , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Karas Vladimir , Kitaguchi Takao , Kolodziejczak Jeffery J. , Krawczynski Henric , Monaca Fabio La , Latronico Luca , Liodakis Ioannis , Maldera Simone , Manfreda Alberto , Marin Frédéric , Marinucci Andrea , Marscher Alan P. , Matt Giorgio , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Muleri Fabio , Ng C.-Y. , O’Dell Stephen L. , Omodei Nicola , Oppedisano Chiara , Papitto Alessandro , Pavlov George G. , Peirson Abel L. , Perri Matteo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Pilia Maura , Possenti Andrea , Puccetti Simonetta , Ramsey Brian D. , Rankin John , Ratheesh Ajay , Romani Roger W. , Sgrò Carmelo , Slane Patrick , Soffitta Paolo , Spandre Gloria , Tamagawa Toru , Tavecchio Fabrizio , Taverna Roberto , Tawara Yuzuru , Tennant Allyn F. , Thomas Nicholas E. , Tombesi Francesco , Trois Alessio , Turolla Roberto , Vink Jacco , Weisskopf Martin C. , Wu Kinwah , Xie Fei ,   (IXPE Collaboration), Schulz Norbert S. , Chakrabarty Deepto 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present measurements of the polarization of X-rays in the 2–8 keV band from the pulsar in the ultracompact low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1626–67 using data from the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The 7.66 s pulsations were clearly detected throughout the IXPE observations as well as in the NICER soft X-ray observations, which we used as the basis for our timing analysis and to constrain the spectral shape over the 0.4–10 keV energy band. Chandra HETGS high-resolution X-ray spectra were also obtained near the times of the IXPE observations for firm spectral modeling. We found an upper limit on the pulse-averaged linear polarization of <4% (at 95% confidence). Similarly, there was no significant detection of polarized flux in pulse phase intervals when subdividing the bandpass by energy. However, spectropolarimetric modeling over the full bandpass in pulse phase intervals provided a marginal detection of polarization of the power-law spectral component at the 4.8% ± 2.3% level (90% confidence). We discuss the implications concerning the accretion geometry onto the pulsar, favoring two-component models of the pulsed emission.
A First Look at the Abundance Pattern—O/H, C/O, and Ne/O—in z > 7 Galaxies with JWST/NIRSpec
Authors: Arellano-Córdova Karla Z. , Berg Danielle A. , Chisholm John , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Dickinson Mark , Finkelstein Steven L. , Leclercq Floriane , Rogers Noah S. J. , Simons Raymond C. , Skillman Evan D. , Trump Jonathan R. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We analyze the rest-frame near-UV and optical nebular spectra of three z > 7 galaxies from the Early Release Observations taken with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). These three high-z galaxies show the detection of several strong emission nebular lines, including the temperature-sensitive [O iii] λ4363 line, allowing us to directly determine the nebular conditions and abundances for O/H, C/O, and Ne/O. We derive O/H abundances and ionization parameters that are generally consistent with other recent analyses. We analyze the mass–metallicity relationship (i.e., slope) and its redshift evolution by comparing between the three z > 7 galaxies and local star-forming galaxies. We also detect the C iii] λλ1907, 1909 emission in a z > 8 galaxy from which we determine the most distant C/O abundance to date. This valuable detection of log(C/O) = −0.83 ± 0.38 provides the first test of C/O redshift evolution out to high redshift. For neon, we use the high-ionization [Ne iii] λ3869 line to measure the first Ne/O abundances at z > 7, finding no evolution in this α-element ratio. We explore the tentative detection of [Fe ii] and [Fe iii] lines in a z > 8 galaxy, which would indicate a rapid buildup of metals. Importantly, we demonstrate that properly flux-calibrated and higher-S/N spectra are crucial to robustly determine the abundance pattern in z > 7 galaxies with NIRSpec/JWST.
A Segmented Period–Luminosity Relation for Nearby Extragalactic Delta Scuti Stars
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Salinas R. , Vivas A. K. , Catelan M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The period–luminosity relations (PLRs) of Milky Way δ Scuti (δ Sct) stars have been described to the present day by a linear relation. However, when studying extragalactic systems such as the Magellanic Clouds and several dwarf galaxies, we notice for the first time a nonlinear behavior in the PLR of δ Sct stars. Using the largest sample of ∼3700 extragalactic δ Sct stars from data available in the literature—mainly based on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment and the Super MAssive Compact Halo Object project in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)—we obtain that the best fit to the period–luminosity (M

V
) plane is given by the following piecewise linear relation with a break at logP = −1.03 ± 0.01 (or 0.093 ± 0.002 days) for shorter periods (sp) and longer periods (lp) than the break-point:

M

V

sp

=
−
7.08
(
±
0.25
)
log
P
−
5.74
(
±
0.29
)
;

log
P
<
−
1.03

M
V
lp

=

M
V
sp

+
4.38
(
±
0.32
)
·
(
log
P
+
1.03
(
±
0.01
)
)
;

log
P
≥
−
1.03
.

Geometric or depth effects in the LMC, metallicity dependence, or different pulsation modes are discarded as possible causes of this segmented PLR seen in extragalactic δ Sct stars. The origin of the segmented relation at ∼0.09 days remains unexplained based on the current data.
Dominer par la culture
Authors: Clermont Thomas , Lachkar Aurélie 
Published: November 2022

Cet encadré se propose d’étudier comment la culture peut être analysée par les sociologues comme une forme de domination sociale. Il prend d’abord appui sur les travaux fondateurs de Pierre Bourdieu puis examine l’actualité de la distinction à l’heure du numérique et d’un relatif déplacement des frontières de la légitimité culturelle.
Politiques de l’emploi, handicap et genre
Authors: Boudinet Mathéa , Revillard Anne 
Published: November 2022

Comment les politiques visant l’emploi des personnes handicapées prennent-elles en compte le genre ? À partir d’un travail de revue de littérature et de deux enquêtes par méthodes mixtes, cet article propose trois contributions essentielles à la réflexion. Tout d’abord, sur le plan historique, les politiques visant l’emploi des personnes handicapées ont été fondées sur un modèle de travailleur masculin, héritier notamment de la figure du mutilé de guerre. Ensuite, cet héritage a des conséquences différenciées selon le sexe, en dépit d’une neutralisation formelle des politiques sur le plan du genre, du fait des types de handicap que ces politiques ciblent en priorité. Enfin, se reproduisent au sein des politiques visant les « travailleurs handicapés » des inégalités de genre classique, liées par exemple à une attente de disponibilité totale pour la recherche d’emploi, ou encore à une hiérarchie sexuée des métiers au sein du travail protégé.