bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninferiority Margin Size and Acceptance of Trial Results: Contingent Valuation Survey of Clinician Preferences for Noninferior Mortality
Authors: Pong Sandra , Fowler Robert A. , Mitsakakis Nicholas , Murthy Srinivas , Pernica Jeffrey M. , Gilfoyle Elaine , Bowen Asha , Fontela Patricia , Seto Winnie , Science Michelle , Hutchison James S. , Jouvet Philippe , Rishu Asgar , Daneman Nick 
Published: May 2022

Objectives We used modified contingent valuation methodology to determine how noninferiority margin sizes influence clinicians’ willingness to accept clinical trial results that compare mortality in critically ill children. Methods We surveyed pediatric infectious diseases and critical care clinicians in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand and randomized respondents to review 1 of 9 mock abstracts describing a noninferiority trial of bacteremic critically ill children assigned to 7 or 14 d of antibiotics. Each scenario showed higher mortality in the 7-d group but met noninferiority criterion. We explored how noninferiority margins and baseline mortality rates influenced respondent acceptance of results. Results There were 106 survey respondents: 65 (61%) critical care clinicians, 28 (26%) infectious diseases physicians, and 13 (12%) pharmacists. When noninferiority margins were 5% and 10%, 73% (24/33) and 79% (27/33) respondents would accept shorter treatment, compared with 44% (17/39) when the margin was 20% ( P = 0.003). Logistic regression adjusted for baseline mortality showed 5% and 10% noninferiority margins were more likely to be associated with acceptance of shorter treatment compared with 20% margins (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–9.6, P = 0.013; OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8–14.6, P = 0.002). Baseline mortality was not a significant predictor of acceptance of shorter treatment. Conclusions Clinicians are more likely to accept shorter treatment when noninferiority margins are ≤10%. However, nearly half of respondents who reviewed abstracts with 20% margins were still willing to accept shorter treatment. This is a novel application of contingent valuation methodology to elicit acceptance of research results among end users of the medical literature. Highlights Clinicians are more likely to accept shorter treatment durations based on noninferior mortality results when the noninferiority margin is 5% or 10% than if the margin is 20%. However, nearly half of clinicians would still accept shorter-duration treatment as noninferior with margins of 20%. Baseline mortality does not independently predict acceptance of shorter-duration treatment. Contingent valuation is a novel approach to elicit the acceptance of research design parameters from the perspective of endusers of the medical literature.
Associations between bone mineral density and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaodiao , Ding Keke , Miao Xiaqi , Wang Jianing , Hu Binbin , Shen Jiamin , Hu Xueting , Xu Yage , Yu Beibei , Tu Tingting , Lin Aiju , Chen Xianjing , Huang Yiben 
Published: May 2022

Objective To assess the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity and bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body and different body areas. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients with COPD. Demographic and lung function data, COPD severity scales, BMD, and T scores were collected. Patients were grouped by high (≥–1) and low (<–1) T scores, and stratified by body mass index, airway obstruction, dyspnoea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index. The relationship between whole-body BMD and BODE was evaluated by Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient. Risk factors associated with COPD severity were identified by univariate analyses. BMD as an independent predictor of severe COPD (BODE ≥5) was verified by multivariate logistic regression. BMD values in different body areas for predicting severe COPD were assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Of 88 patients with COPD, lung-function indicators and COPD severity were significantly different between those with high and low T scores. Whole-body BMD was inversely related to COPD severity scales, including BODE. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that BMD was independently associated with COPD severity. The area under the curve for pelvic BMD in predicting severe COPD was 0.728. Conclusion BMD may be a novel marker in predicting COPD severity, and pelvic BMD may have the strongest relative predictive power.
Comparison of image-based quantification methods in evaluating fixation stability using a remote eye tracker in abnormal phoria
Authors: Kim Sang-Yeob , Moon Byeong-Yeon , Cho Hyun Gug , Yu Dong-Sik 
Published: May 2022

Objective This study was performed to establish a quantitative evaluation and comparison of fixation stability, as measured by an eye tracker, using image-based areas determined by the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), kernel density estimation (KDE), and Scanpath methods. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study included 45 and 20 participants with abnormal and normal phoria, respectively. Eye movements were recorded using a remote eye tracker and were plotted using RStudio software. Image-based areas were evaluated using ImageJ software. Results The image-based areas used to evaluate fixation stability exhibited decreasing stability in the abnormal phoria group in the following order: KDE with ±1 standard deviation (SD), BCEA with ±1 SD, KDE with ±2 SD or Scanpath, and BCEA with ±2 SD. The BCEA tended to be overestimated, and the KDE tended to be underestimated at high density. The Scanpath method had a very high probability area because the area spans all gaze points. Conclusions Fixation stability could be quantified as image-based areas by the KDE, BCEA, and Scanpath methods. Our findings suggest that fixation stability may be evaluated using one or more methods.
Radiographic parameters of the normal ankle syndesmosis: Comparison between hindfoot alignment view and anteroposterior view
Authors: Lee Jaehyung , Lee Ho Seong , Kim Ji Wan , Lee Bum-Sik , Choi Youngrak 
Published: May 2022

Objective To compare the parameters associated with the normal ankle syndesmosis between the hindfoot alignment view (HAV) and anteroposterior (AP) view and determine which view is more accurate for comparing the left and right ankles. Methods This study involved 61 subjects without syndesmosis injury who had radiographs of both ankles. The tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), tibiofibular overlap (TFO), and medial clear space (MCS) were measured in each view. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the agreement between the two ankles. Difference ratios for the measured parameters between the ankles were also compared. Results The agreement for TFCS showed wide disparity between the two ankles (AP view, 0.576; HAV, 0.858). The highest degree of agreement was seen for TFO (AP view, 0.733; HAV, 0.926). The agreement for MCS was low in both groups. The mean difference ratio for TFCS was also lower in the HAV group (9.9%) than in the AP view group (16.4%); a similar result was observed for TFO (16.4% vs. 25.8%). Conclusions For evaluation of the syndesmosis, use of the HAV showed increased accuracy and few measurement errors when comparing the left and right ankles relative to use of the AP view.
Impact of the Mediterranean oscillation on total lightning activity
Authors: de Pablo Dávila Fernando , Rivas Soriano Luís J , González-Zamora Ángel 
Published: May 2022

For the first time, the relationship between total (cloud-to-ground and intracloud) lightning activity and the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) is addressed in this work. Data from optical transient detector (OTD) and lightning imaging sensor (LIS) were used to calculate the total flash density, and the MO was described using the Mediterranean Oscillation index (MOi). The study intended to analyse the monthly values of the variables, for the 19-year period from October 1995 to February 2015 and for the region between 31.25 N and 46.25 N, and between 3.75 W and 38.75 E (the Mediterranean Sea and bordering land areas). Moreover, the study was carried out for the whole year and a comparative analysis was also conducted with the results obtained for the cold periods (October to March) and warm periods (April to September), both for the positive and negative phases of the MOi. The results revealed that the lightning activity in the annual and cold periods was clearly similar, and the maximum values tended to concentrate over southern Italy and the central part of the Mediterranean Sea, while in the warm period lightning was scattered over the whole study area. When analysing the data from the cold period for the positive phase, significant negative correlations were observed in the west and central area. On the contrary, for the warm period, the significant negative correlation values tend to be concentrated in the eastern limit of the studied territory. During the negative phase of the MOi, most of the studied area showed significant positive correlation values during the cold period, whereas only a small area with negative correlation tended to concentrate on the eastern boundary during the warm period. The results are explained in terms of the circulation dynamics and temperature changes recorded for the MO.
Does the market value sustainable supply chain management? New evidence from the outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Chen Shouming , Huang Wenchuan 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine why a firm would ever engage in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) during a turbulent era. Combining stakeholder theory, the resource-based view, and the literature on SSCM, we argue that SSCM can alleviate negative market reactions to severe external crises. Based on analyses of a sample of firms listed in China from 2019 to 2020, the results robustly display a positive relationship between SSCM and the abnormal returns surrounding the outbreak of COVID-19. The findings of this study extend the supply chain literature by constituting an important addition in external crisis times rather than only in normal times.JEL Classification: M14
Prevalence and Incidence of Chondral and Meniscal Lesions in Patients Undergoing Primary and Subsequent Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of 213 Patients From the SANTI Group
Authors: Pioger Charles , Claes Steven , Haidar Ibrahim , Fradin Thomas , Ngbilo Cedric , Rayes Johnny , Hopper Graeme Philip , Vieira Thais Dutra , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand 
Published: May 2022

Background: Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of meniscal and chondral lesions at the time of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (R-ACLR) compared with primary ACLR procedures. However, studies that follow the development of meniscal and chondral status through primary and subsequent R-ACLR are scarce. Purpose: To compare the prevalence of meniscal and chondral injuries in patients undergoing primary ACLR and subsequent R-ACLR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent ACLR and subsequently needed R-ACLR between January 2009 and February 2018 in a single center were included. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted. Results: A total of 213 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 59.7 months. The mean age was 22 years at primary ACLR and 26.1 years at the time of revision. The proportion of meniscal tears was higher at the time of R-ACLR compared with the time of primary reconstruction (70.0% vs 44.6%, respectively; P < .001). Similarly, the prevalence of chondral lesions was significantly higher at the time of revision versus the primary reconstruction (15.5% vs 7.0%, respectively; P = .003). Conclusion: R-ACLR is associated with a higher rate of concomitant meniscal and chondral lesions than primary ACLR.
Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of thermally sprayed conventional ceramic coatings reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kalangi Chaithanya , Bolleddu Venkateshwarlu 
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to develop a high-performance, cost-effective ceramic coating on AISI 1020 steel substrate. For this purpose, three kinds of conventional ceramic powders are taken in the composition Al2O3+3 wt%TiO2, WC+12 wt%Co and ZrO2+8 wt%Y2O3. The composites are coated on the steel surface using thermal spraying technology such as plasma flame for Al2O3+3 wt%TiO2 and ZrO2+8 wt%Y2O3 and high-velocity oxy-fuel for WC+12 wt%Co deposition. Recently, carbon nanotube–reinforced ceramic materials have gained more attention because of their excellent surface morphology properties. Adding nanocomposite to ceramic powders can considerably increase the microstructural characteristics and microhardness of thermal sprayed coatings. However, it is still challenging to obtain effective nanocomposite-doped conventional coating due to the elevated temperature of heat equipment. Thus, the conventional ceramic powders Al2O3+3 wt%TiO2, WC+12 wt%Co and ZrO2+8 wt%Y2O3 are combined with carbon nanotubes at a weight ratio of 1%, 3% and 5% for preparing reliable nanocomposite ceramic coating. The properties of nanocomposite mixed coatings are studied, and their performance is compared with conventional coatings. The coatings’ morphology, structure and phase composition are investigated through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, Vickers microhardness and surface roughness are also determined.
Priority Nursing Populations for Mental Health Support Before and During COVID-19: A Survey Study of Individual and Workplace Characteristics
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , MacPhee Maura , Ma Andy , Mao Yue 
Published: May 2022

Background Nursing is a high-risk profession and nurses’ exposure to workplace risk factors such as heavy workloads and inadequate staffing is well documented. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated nurses’ exposure to workplace risk factors, further deteriorating their mental health. Therefore, it is both timely and important to determine nursing groups in greatest need of mental health interventions and supports. Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide a granular examination of the differences in nurse mental health across nurse demographic and workplace characteristics before and after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. Methods This secondary analysis used survey data from two cross-sectional studies with samples (Time 1 study, 5,512 nurses; Time 2, 4,523) recruited from the nursing membership (∼48,000) of the British Columbia nurses’ union. Data was analyzed at each timepoint using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. Results Several demographic and workplace characteristics were found to predict significant differences in the number of positive screenings on measures of poor mental health. Most importantly, in both survey times younger age was a strong predictor of worse mental health, as was full-time employment. Nurse workplace health authority was also a significant predictor of worse mental health. Conclusions Structural and psychological strategies must be in place, proactively and preventively, to buffer nurses against workplace challenges that are likely to increase during the COVID-19 crisis.
Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys
Authors: Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Rodgers Rachel F. , Jackson Dylan B. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to determine the association between engagement in muscle-building exercise and weapon carrying and physical fighting among adolescent boys. Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (U.S.) were analyzed ( N = 4120). Muscle-building exercise was assessed based on the number of days reported in the past 7 days, recategorized into four levels of engagement (no engagement [0 days], low engagement [1–2 days], moderate engagement [3–5 days], and high engagement [6–7 days]). Three forms of weapon carrying (general, on school grounds, gun carrying) and two forms of physical fighting (general, on school grounds) were assessed. Five logistic regression analyses with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the association between engagement in muscle-building exercise and weapon carrying and physical fighting, while adjusting for relevant demographic and control variables. Over 75% of participants reported engaging in muscle-building exercise. One in five (19.8%) participants reported any general weapon carrying in the past 30 days, 3.3% reported any weapon carrying at school in the past 30 days, 6.5% reported any gun carrying in the past 12 months, 28.0% reported any general physical fighting in the past 12 months, and 10.7% reported any physical fighting at school in the past 12 months. Logistic regressions showed that, compared to no engagement, participants who reported high engagement of muscle-building exercise had higher odds of general weapon carrying (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.54–3.07), gun carrying (AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.23–3.64), and general physical fighting (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.53–2.79). These are novel findings that add to a growing literature related to engagement in muscularity-oriented behaviors among males. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed to ensure that adolescent boys engage in muscle-building exercise in ways that are not harmful and to reduce weapon carrying and physical fighting.
Shifts in Self-Reported Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Play Among Lower-Socioeconomic Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wilson Kylie , Schmidt Annette , Hess Aaron , Vanos Jennifer , Ross Allison 
Published: May 2022

Purpose The lack of in-person schooling and participation in structured recreation activities during the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered children’s movement behaviors. This study assessed changes in children’s self-reported in school and out of school physical activity, sedentary behavior, and play before and during the pandemic. Design A repeated cross-sectional online survey was administered in February 2020 (pre-pandemic, in-person) and 2021 (during pandemic, remote). Setting Children attended an urban public school district in Phoenix (AZ) serving a low-income population. Subjects Students in grades 4–8 completed the survey in 2020 ( n = 253, 62% response rate) and 2021 ( n = 261, 77% response rate). Measures The survey included items from the Youth Activity Profile and three additional questions about play. Analysis Differences in mean scores and mean scores by gender were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVAs. Results Students reported less physical activity during remote recess in 2021 (M = 3.42, SD = .80 v. M = 2.99, SD = .86, p < .05). Physical activity outside of school decreased during the pandemic (M = 2.76, SD = 1.26 v. M = 2.53, SD = 1.18, p < .05). Most students (55%) reported playing less during the pandemic, but playing in new ways (67%). Conclusion Children may benefit from interventions to counter reduced movement experienced during the pandemic, particularly in under-resourced areas.
Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Multimorbidity in Parkinson’s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes
Authors: Patel Vinit , TS Jaisoorya , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , K Thennarassu , Pal Pramod Kumar , Reddy YC Janardhan 
Published: May 2022

Purpose Psychiatric comorbidity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) has been consistently associated with poor outcomes. However, the co-occurrence of multiple psychiatric disorders has been sparsely studied. This study examines the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of psychiatric comorbidity and multimorbidity among in-patients hospitalised with PD/APS. Methods Patients (N-110 [PD-71, APS-39]) underwent a single cross-sectional assessment. Psychiatric comorbidity was examined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Other domains assessed include sleep disorders, quality of life, and caregiver burden. Statistical analysis In addition to descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the effect of sociodemographic and clinical factors on comorbidities. Results The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with PD and APS was 77.00% and 71.79%, with approximately half of those having co-occurrence of multiple psychiatric disorders. In both disorders, depression was the most common, followed by anxiety disorder. The two commonest patterns of multimorbidity reported in PD were the combination of depression and anxiety disorder, followed by the combination of psychosis, depression, and anxiety, with the order being reversed in APS. When compared to those without, those with single psychiatric comorbidity had higher odds of having REM sleep behaviour disorder and caregiver stress. Those with multiple psychiatric comorbidities had higher odds of being female, higher UPDRS part-1 scores, REM sleep behaviour disorder, poor sleep quality, and caregiver stress. Conclusion Psychiatric illness is highly comorbid among patients with PD/APS, with most having multiple co-occurring psychiatric illnesses. Clinicians must be aware to ensure early detection and intervention.
Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions to Improve Clinical Outcomes for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes at Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alabkal Rahma M. , Medlinskiene Kristina , Silcock Jonathan , Graham Anne 
Published: May 2022

Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials is to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: A literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using 4 electronic databases: Embase, MEDLINE, CINHAL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We searched for pharmacist interventions among adults with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in randomised controlled trials from inception to May 2021 in primary care, diabetes clinics and hospitals. The clinical outcomes measured glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. The non-clinical outcomes included medication adherence, smoking, health-related quality of life and the cost of the intervention. For the meta-analysis, clinical outcomes were pooled with the random effect model in RevMan 5.3. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results: We retrieved 223 studies,141 of which were included in the review. Ten published articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pharmacists delivered the interventions alone or collaboratively with other healthcare professionals in hospitals or similar settings. The overall result showed a significant reduction in HbA1c (n = 10; standard deviation in mean value [SDM]: −.53%, 95% CI: −.84, −.23) and systolic BP (n = 10; [SDM]: −.35 mmHg, 95% CI: −.51, −.20) in pharmacist intervention groups. For the non-clinical outcomes, the review revealed variable results from pharmacist intervention compared with those standard care. Conclusion: Pharmacy interventions provide evidence for pharmacists’ decisive role in diabetes care management and reducing cardiovascular risk factors among adults with type 2 diabetes.