bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalisation rate and mortality among people with and without diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic year 2020
Authors: Narres Maria , Claessen Heiner , Kvitkina Tatjana , Rosenbauer Joachim , Scheider Maria , Morbach Stephan , Icks Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost studies reported reduced health care use among people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be due to restricted medical services or people avoiding health care services because they fear being infected with COVID-19 in health care facilities. The aim of our study was to analyse hospitalisation and mortality in people with and without diabetes in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic year 2020 compared to 2017–2019. The data were sourced from a German statutory health insurance company covering 3.2 million people. We estimated age-sex standardised rates of mortality, all-cause hospitalisation, hospitalisation due to coronary heart disease (CHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), and major and minor amputations in people with and without diabetes. We predicted rates for 2020 using Poisson regression based on results from 2017–2019 and compared these with the observed rates.In people with diabetes, the hospitalisation rate for major amputation was significantly increased, while all-cause hospitalisation rate and hospitalisation due to CHD, AMI and DFS were significantly decreased compared to the previous period. Moreover, we found a significantly increased mortality and hospitalisation rate for minor amputation in people without diabetes while all-cause hospitalisation and hospitalisation due to CHD and AMI was significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic year 2020.We observed changes in health care utilisation and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years in people with and without diabetes. Concerning diabetes care, the increase of hospitalisations due to amputation in people with diabetes with a simultaneous reduction in DFS needs special attention.
On the construction of Riemannian three-spaces with smooth inverse mean curvature foliation
Authors: Rácz István 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConsider a one-parameter family of smooth Riemannian metrics on a two-sphere, $${\mathscr {S}}$$
S
. By choosing a one-parameter family of smooth lapse and shift, these Riemannian two-spheres can always be assembled into smooth Riemannian three-space, with metric $$h_{ij}$$

h

ij

on a three-manifold $$\Sigma $$
Σ
foliated by a one-parameter family of two-spheres $${\mathscr {S}}_\rho $$

S
ρ

. It is shown first that we can always choose the shift such that the $${\mathscr {S}}_\rho $$

S
ρ

surfaces form a smooth inverse mean curvature foliation of $$\Sigma $$
Σ
. An integrodifferential expression, referring only to the area of the level sets and the lapse function, is also derived that can be used to quantify the Geroch mass. If the constructed Riemannian three-space happens to be asymptotically flat and the $$\rho $$
ρ
-integral of the integrodifferential expression is non-negative, then not only the positive mass theorem but, if one of the $${\mathscr {S}}_{\rho }$$

S
ρ

level sets is a minimal surface, the Penrose inequality also holds. Notably, neither of the above results requires the scalar curvature of the constructed three-metric to be non-negative.
Validation of a non-invasive pressure–time index of the inspiratory muscles in spontaneously breathing newborn infants
Authors: Dassios Theodore , Vervenioti Aggeliki , Tzifas Sotirios , Fouzas Sotirios , Dimitriou Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo validate the pressure–time index of the inspiratory muscles as a non-invasive index of inspiratory muscle function in spontaneously breathing infants by comparing it against the gold-standard pressure–time index of the diaphragm. Prospective observational cohort study of consecutive infants breathing unsupported in room air in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, studied prior to discharge from neonatal care. The invasive pressure–time index of the diaphragm was calculated using a transdiaphragmatic dual-pressure catheter that measured transdiaphragmatic pressure by subtraction of the oesophageal from the gastric pressure. The non-invasive pressure–time index of the inspiratory muscles was calculated using pressure measurements at the level of the mouth via a differential pressure transducer connected to a face mask. Both indices were calculated as the product of the ratio of the mean inspiratory pressure divided by the maximum inspiratory pressure and the ratio of the inspiratory time divided by the total time of a respiratory cycle. One hundred and thirty infants (79 male) were included with a mean (SD) gestational age of 35.2 (3.2) weeks, studied at a median (IQR) postnatal age of 9 (6–20) days. The mean (SD) pressure–time index of the diaphragm was 0.063 (0.019) and the mean (SD) pressure–time index of the inspiratory muscles was 0.065 (0.023). The correlation coefficient for the two indices was 0.509 (p < 0.001). The mean (SD) absolute difference between the pressure–time index of the inspiratory muscles and pressure–time index of the diaphragm was 0.002 (0.021). In convalescent infants, the non-invasive pressure–time index of the inspiratory muscles had a moderate degree of correlation with the invasively derived pressure time index of the diaphragm measured with a transdiaphragmatic catheter.
Evaluation of user response by using visual cues designed to direct the viewer’s attention to the main scene in an immersive environment
Authors: Ortega-Alvarez Galo , Matheus-Chacin Carlos , Garcia-Crespo Angel , Ruiz-Arroyo Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractToday the visualization of 360-degree videos has become a means to live immersive experiences.. However, an important challenge to overcome is how to guide the viewer’s attention to the video’s main scene, without interrupting the immersion experience and the narrative thread. To meet this challenge, we have developed a software prototype to assess three approaches: Arrows, Radar and Auto Focus. These are based on visual guidance cues used in first person shooter games such as: Radar-Sonar, Radar-Compass and Arrows. In the study a questionnaire was made to evaluate the comprehension of the narrative, the user’s perspective with respect to the design of the visual cues and the usability of the system. In addition, data was collected on the movement of the user’s head, in order to analyze the focus of attention. The study used statistical methods to perform the analysis, the results show that the participants who used some visual cue (any of these) showed significant improvements compared to the control group (without using visual cues) in finding the main scene. With respect to narrative compression, significant improvements were obtained in the user group that used Radar and Auto Focus compared to the control group.
Quantum chemical elucidation of a sevenfold symmetric bacterial antenna complex
Authors: Cupellini Lorenzo , Qian Pu , Nguyen-Phan Tu C. , Gardiner Alastair T. , Cogdell Richard J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) of purple bacteria is one of the most studied photosynthetic antenna complexes. Its symmetric structure and ring-like bacteriochlorophyll arrangement make it an ideal system for theoreticians and spectroscopists. LH2 complexes from most bacterial species are thought to have eightfold or ninefold symmetry, but recently a sevenfold symmetric LH2 structure from the bacterium Mch. purpuratum was solved by Cryo-Electron microscopy. This LH2 also possesses unique near-infrared absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectral properties. Here we use an atomistic strategy to elucidate the spectral properties of Mch. purpuratum LH2 and understand the differences with the most commonly studied LH2 from Rbl. acidophilus. Our strategy exploits a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, multiscale polarizable quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, and lineshape simulations. Our calculations reveal that the spectral properties of LH2 complexes are tuned by site energies and exciton couplings, which in turn depend on the structural fluctuations of the bacteriochlorophylls. Our strategy proves effective in reproducing the absorption and CD spectra of the two LH2 complexes, and in uncovering the origin of their differences. This work proves that it is possible to obtain insight into the spectral tuning strategies of purple bacteria by quantitatively simulating the spectral properties of their antenna complexes.
Presence of women on the editorial boards of the language and linguistics journals in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez-Faneca Cristina , Maz-Machado Alexander , Gutiérrez-Rubio David , Pedrosa-Jesús Cristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany international studies have pointed out the under-representation of women on Editorial Boards of both Science and Social Science journals. Their presence as Editorial Board members is relevant as they influence and reflect the policies of the journal itself. This study analyses the participation of women on the Editorial Boards of the Spanish Language and Linguistics journals in SCOPUS. To this end, 54 journals indexed in SCOPUS were analysed, thus discriminating the gender of all members and the role that each member plays on the Editorial Board. The results show no significant differences in the participation of men and women in these Editorial Boards. It was not found any evidence of gender bias in these journals.
Where Objective Facts and Norms Meet (and What this Means for Law)
Authors: Bertea Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I will engage with the controversy that has sprung up between the proponents of the sharp separation thesis and those of the entanglement thesis. What I will be defending is a variant of the entanglement thesis. By drawing on contemporary action theory and on epistemic conceptualism, I will argue that, while objective facts and practical norms are indeed distinct categories of thought, that distinction does not amount to a conceptual gap—a dichotomy or unbridgeable divide. Their relation, in other words, is not one of logical dualism but one of mere (analytical) distinction between interdependent categories of thinking. Hence the entanglement view on which distinction does not entail dichotomy.
Effects of the lockdown period on the mental health of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Carnevale Pellino Vittoria , Lovecchio Nicola , Puci Mariangela V. , Marin Luca , Gatti Alessandro , Pirazzi Agnese , Negri Francesca , Ferraro Ottavia E. , Vandoni Matteo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This review aimed to assess the effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on mental health to elite athletes. The emotional background influenced their sport career and was examined by questionnaires.

Methods
We included original studies that investigated psychological outcomes in elite athletes during COVID-19 lockdown. Sixteen original studies (n = 4475 participants) were analyzed.

Results
The findings showed that COVID-19 has an impact on elite athletes’ mental health and was linked with stress, anxiety and psychological distress. The magnitude of the impact was associated with athletes’ mood state profile, personality and resilience capacity.

Conclusion
The lockdown period impacted also elite athletes’ mental health and training routines with augmented anxiety but with fewer consequences than the general population thanks to adequate emotion regulation and coping strategies.
A scenario-based approach to predict energy demand and carbon emission of electric vehicles on the electric grid
Authors: Cheung Wai Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUK plans to ban the sale of new diesel and petrol cars by 2030 to be replaced by electric vehicles (EVs). The question is, will the UK’s electrical grid infrastructure ready for this change? This comparative study investigates the effect of UK green vehicles on the electrical grid and presents a new insight into improving their energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the electrical grid. The results show that even when there is a very high level of market penetration of EVs, the overall effect on annual energy consumption may seem minimal. On the contrary, the effect that EVs may have on the electrical grid is dependent on the time-of-day EVs are being charged. Therefore, this study concludes that measures need to be put in place to control charging times of EVs and this would help restrict the total daily electricity and electrical energy demands. The introduction of EVs reduces the overall CO2 emissions mainly because a proportion of petrol and diesel cars are replaced by EVs. However, CO2 emissions can only reduce up to a certain level and this reduction of CO2 will have less effect due to an increasing number of EVs in the electrical grid. To reduce CO2 emissions further, the electricity that relies on high-carbon fossil fuels in the electrical grid should be set at the minimum level.
Agent-based model generating stylized facts of fixed income markets
Authors: Kopp Antoine , Westphal Rebecca , Sornette Didier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe develop an agent-based model (ABM) of a financial market with multiple assets belonging either to the fixed income or equity asset classes. The aim is to reproduce the main stylized facts of fixed income markets with regards to the emerging dynamics of the yield curves. Our ABM is rooted in the market model of Kaizoji et al. (J Econ Behav Organ 112:289–310, 2015) formulated with two types of traders: the rational and risk-averse fundamentalist investors and the noise traders who invest under the influence of social imitation and price momentum. The investors involved in the present market model diversify their investments between a preferred stock equivalent to a perpetual bond and multiple bonds of selected maturities. Among those, a zero-coupon bond provides a constant rate of return, while the prices of the coupon-paying bonds are determined at each time step by the equilibrium between the investors’ demands and supplies. As a result, the ABM creates an evolving yield curve determined by the aggregate impact of the traders’ investments. In agreement with real markets, it also produces transient turbulent periods in the prices’ time series as well as a humped term structure of volatility. We compare the dynamics arising from different processes governing the risk-free rate with those of the historical US Treasury market. Introducing Vasicek’s model of interest rates to both synthetic and empirical rates demonstrates the capacity of our ABM in reproducing the main characteristics of the surface of autocorrelation of the volatilities of the yields to maturity of the US Treasury bonds for the selected time-frame.
The Bare Past
Authors: Grandjean Vincent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I first introduce one of the most prominent objections against the Growing Block Theory of time (GBT), the so-called ‘epistemic objection’, according to which GBT provides no way of knowing that our time is the objective present and, therefore, leads at best to absolute skepticism about our temporal location, at worst to the quasi-certainty that we are located in the objective past. Secondly, I express my dissatisfaction regarding the various traditional attempts to address this objection, especially Merricks (2006), Forrest (2004) and Correia and Rosenkranz (2018). Thirdly, I show that the passage of time leads to an anti-essentialist picture of natural kinds. Finally, I develop my own solution to the epistemic objection, based on the continued existence of bare particulars.
Why Organization Matters in “Algorithmic Discrimination”
Authors: Schwarting Rena , Ulbricht Lena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch into “algorithmic discrimination” has largely dismissed the fact that algorithms are often developed and used by organizations. In this article, we show that organizational sociology can contribute to a more nuanced perspective on “algorithmic decision-making.” Drawing on the concept of decision premises, we differentiate between various formal structures, particularly between different decision programs (conditional and purposive). This allows us to challenge two key assumptions, namely that human decision-makers rely heavily on algorithmically generated recommendations and that discrimination against protected groups needs to be solved mainly at the level of code.We identify the usefulness of distinguishing between conditional and purposive decision programs via a case study centered on the legal context: the risk assessment software “Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions” (COMPAS) that is employed in the US criminal justice system to inform judicial personnel about the recidivism risk of defendants. By analyzing the organizational structures, according to which the COMPAS score is formally and informally embedded in courts, we point out that the score represents an ambiguous and redundant information source for judges. The practice of minimizing the relevance of the score and decoupling it from the legal reasoning backstage particularly reflects the professional decision autonomy of judges, which is inherent in the legal system. The core finding of our approach is that strategies to reduce discrimination should not only scrutinize data quality or the statistical model but also consider the specific forms, functions, and consequences of the organizational structures that condition the ways in which discriminatory differences may or may not be (re)produced.
Artificial intelligence focus and firm performance
Authors: Mishra Sagarika , Ewing Michael T. , Cooper Holly B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence is poised to transform all facets of marketing. In this study, we examine the link between firms’ focus on AI in their 10-K reports and their gross and net operating efficiency. 10-K reports are a salient source of insight into an array of issues in accounting and finance research, yet remain relatively overlooked in marketing. Drawing upon economic and marketing theory, we develop a guiding framework to show how firms’ AI focus could be related to gross and net operating efficiency. We then use a system of simultaneous equations to empirically test the relationship between AI focus and operating efficiency. Our findings confirm that US-listed firms are in a state of impending transformation with regards to AI. We show how AI focus is associated with improvements in net profitability, net operating efficiency and return on marketing-related investment while reducing adspend and creating jobs.
Social Class also Matters: The Effects of Social Class, Ethnicity, and their Interaction on Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Roma
Authors: Urbiola Ana , Navas Marisol , Carmona Cristina , Willis Guillermo B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the difficulties in social research has been to disentangle the effects of race/ethnicity from social class. In two experimental studies with samples of both students and general population (totalN = 416), we analyzed the effect of social class, ethnicity and their interaction on prejudice and discrimination using experimental methods. Social class (High vs. Low) and ethnic group (Roma vs. Non-Roma) were manipulated through a cover story. Study 1 showed a main effect of social class, not of ethnicity, on prejudice and discrimination. In Study 2 the effect of social class was replicated, and the interaction effect was also significant for all dependent variables. Results show that negative effects of social class are higher among Roma than non-Roma. Pooled analyses corroborated these findings. Social class is a predictive factor, especially in interaction with ethnicity and should be considered for predicting and reducing prejudiced attitudes and intergroup behaviors fostering inequality.
Understanding Sociocultural Influences on Physical Activity in Relation to Overweight and Obesity in a Rural Indigenous Community of Fiji Islands
Authors: Singh Kamal Nand , Sendall Marguerite C. , Crane Philp 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Given health disparities and increased rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases seen in Indigenous populations worldwide and the evidence connecting sociocultural knowledge with physical activity, health, and wellbeing, this research was undertaken to understand the social and cultural components contributing to obesity in the Indigenous Fijian rural areas.

Methods
This research is a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project, which engaged community members from a rural iTaukei village in the Fiji Islands. Data collection was carried out through community consultation and semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using descriptive thematic analysis.

Results
Four major themes emerged associated with sociocultural, economic, political, and physical environmental factors. Males emphasised sports and working on farmlands as preferred types of physical activity, while females focused on family activities and daily activities and support for females’ separate playgrounds. There was a focus on previous health promotion programs that did not incorporate the cultural values, cultural competence beliefs, and traditional ways of the rural Indigenous Fijian community.

Conclusion
The healthcare providers and policymakers need to recognise the iTaukei community culture and appreciate traditional methods to promote equitable community participation in decision-making for health promotion. These findings should inform future research and community-based health programs to address the physical activity levels of the rural Indigenous community and may be relevant to other Indigenous peoples.
Democratic (crypto-)currency issuance
Authors: Gersbach Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCan democratic currency issuance lead to welfare-optimal results/stable currency values? We explore (crypto-)currency issuance with flexible majority rules. With flexible majority rules, the vote-share needed to approve a particular currency issuance growth is increasing with this growth rate. By choosing suitable flexible majority rules, socially optimal growth rates can be achieved in simple settings. By adding a communication stage, in which agents can reveal their preferences for currency growth, the voting process can be ended in three rounds. With other procedures, one could even obtain the first-best solution in one voting round. Finally, we show that optimal money growth rates are realized if agents entering financial contracts anticipate ensuing inflation rates determined by these flexible majority rules.
Linking Professionalism, Learning and Wellbeing in the Context of Rape Investigation: Early Findings from Project Bluestone
Authors: Williams Emma , Norman Jennifer , Ward Rachel , Harding Richard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrawing on data from Project Bluestone in Avon and Somerset Constabulary in 2021, this paper argues for a more nuanced approach to understanding the relationship between the organizational support given to officers via access to specialist learning, the service delivered to victims and survivors of rape and serious sexual offences, and officer wellbeing. To promote legitimacy within the workplace organizations, have a responsibility to enable their staff with the personal resources they need to fulfil their role (Birch et al. in Police Pract Res 18:26–36, 2017). Considering this in the context of policing, by applying organizational justice theory this piece argues that limited access to effective learning in the RASSO field can impact on personal feelings of competence and officer wellbeing within the workplace. The research found that the lack of formal learning resulted in practitioners learning from their own and their peers’ experiences and errors with limited time for critical reflection. Moving forward, the authors argue for a commitment to the input of specialist expert knowledge in the area of RASSO with time allocated for officers to apply and critically evaluate such learning in a practical context.