bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating sizes of type-2 AGN narrow-line regions from multiple survey spectra – a demonstration
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang , Zhao YuanBo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In the Letter, an interesting method is proposed to estimate size of narrow emission-lines regions (NLRs) of a type-2 AGN SDSS J083823.91 + 490241.1 (=SDSS J0838) at a redshift of 0.101, by comparing spectroscopic properties through the SDSS fibre (MJD = 51873) (diameter of 3 arcsec) and through the eBOSS fibre (MJD = 55277) (diameter of 2 arcsec). After subtractions of ppxf method determined host galaxy contributions, the narrow emission lines of SDSS J0838 in the SDSS spectrum and in the eBOSS spectrum can be well measured by Gaussian functions, leading more than 90 per cent of [O iii] emissions to be covered by the eBOSS fibre with diameter of 2 arcsec. Meanwhile, both none broad emission components and none-variabilities of ZTF 3 yr-long g-/r-band light curves can be applied to confirm SDSS J0838 as a type-2 AGN, indicating few orientation effects on the projected NLRs size in SDSS J0838. Therefore, upper limit about 1 arcsec (2250 pc) of the NLRs size can be reasonably accepted in SDSS J0838. Combining with the intrinsic reddening corrected [O iii] line luminosity, the upper limit of NLRs size in SDSS J0838 well lies within the 99.9999 per cent confidence bands of the R-L empirical relation for NLRs in AGN.
Information content of BP/RP spectra in Gaia DR3
Authors: Witten Callum E C , Aguado David S , Sanders Jason L , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn , Koposov Sergey E , Allende Prieto Carlos , De Angeli Francesca , Irwin Mike J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Gaia Data Release 3 has provided the astronomical community with the largest stellar spectroscopic survey to date (&gt; 220 million sources). The low resolution (R∼50) blue photometer (BP) and red photometer (RP) spectra will allow for the estimation of stellar atmospheric parameters such as effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. We create mock Gaia BP/RP spectra and use Fisher information matrices to probe the resolution limit of stellar parameter measurements using BP/RP spectra. The best-case scenario uncertainties that this analysis provides are then used to produce a mock-observed stellar population in order to evaluate the false positive rate (FPR) of identifying extremely metal-poor stars. We conclude that the community will be able to confidently identify metal-poor stars at magnitudes brighter than G = 16 using BP/RP spectra. At fainter magnitudes true detections will start to be overwhelmed by false positives. When adopting the commonly-used G &lt; 14 limit for metal-poor star searches, we find a FPR for the low-metallicity regimes [Fe/H] &lt; -2, -2.5, and -3 of just 14 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, 33 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and 56 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ respectively, offering the potential for significant improvements on previous targeting campaigns. Additionally, we explore the chemical sensitivity obtainable directly from BP/RP spectra for carbon and α-elements. We find an absolute carbon abundance uncertainty of σA(C) &lt; 1 dex for carbon-enriched metal-poor (CEMP) stars, indicating the potential to identify a CEMP stellar population for follow-up confirmation with higher resolution spectroscopy. Finally, we find that large uncertainties in α-element abundance measurements using BP/RP spectra means that efficiently obtaining these abundances will be challenging.
The discovery and characterization of (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim, a kilometre sized asteroid inside the orbit of Venus
Authors: Bolin Bryce T , Ahumada T , van Dokkum P , Fremling C , Granvik M , Hardegree-Ullman K K , Harikane Y , Purdum J N , Serabyn E , Southworth J , Zhai C 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Near-Earth asteroid population models predict the existence of bodies located inside the orbit of Venus. Despite searches up to the end of 2019, none had been found. We report discovery and follow-up observations of (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim, an asteroid with an orbit entirely interior to Venus. (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim has an aphelion distance of ∼0.65 au, is ∼2 km in diameter and is red in colour. The detection of such a large asteroid inside the orbit of Venus is surprising given their rarity according to near-Earth asteroid population models. As the first officially numbered and named asteroid located entirely within the orbit of Venus, we propose that the class of interior to Venus asteroids be referred to as 'Ayló'chaxnim asteroids.
Neuromorphic-computing-based adaptive learning using ion dynamics in flexible energy storage devices
Authors: Zhao Shufang , Ran Wenhao , Lou Zheng , Li Linlin , Poddar Swapnadeep , Wang Lili , Fan Zhiyong , Shen Guozhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-accuracy neuromorphic devices with adaptive weight adjustment are crucial for high-performance computing. However, limited studies have been conducted on achieving selective and linear synaptic weight updates without changing electrical pulses. Herein, we propose high-accuracy and self-adaptive artificial synapses based on tunable and flexible MXene energy storage devices. These synapses can be adjusted adaptively depending on the stored weight value to mitigate time and energy loss resulting from recalculation. The resistance can be used to effectively regulate the accumulation and dissipation of ions in single devices, without changing the external pulse stimulation or preprogramming, to ensure selective and linear synaptic weight updates. The feasibility of the proposed neural network based on the synapses of flexible energy devices was investigated through training and machine learning. The results indicated that the device achieved a recognition accuracy of ∼95% for various neural network calculation tasks such as numeric classification.
Spectral break of energetic pulsar wind nebulae detected with wideband X-ray observations
Authors: Bamba Aya , Shibata Shinpei , Tanaka Shuta J , Mori Koji , Uchida Hiroyuki , Terada Yukikatsu , Ishizaki Wataru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are one of the most energetic galactic sources with bright emissions from radio waves to very high-energy gamma-rays. We perform wideband X-ray spectroscopy of four energetic PWNe, N 157 B, PSR J1813−1749, PSR J1400−6325, and G21.5−0.9, with the Suzaku, Chandra, NuSTAR, and Hitomi observatories. A significant spectral break or cut-off feature is found in the hard X-ray band for all the samples, except for N 157 B. The break energies in the broken power-law fitting are in the range of 4–14 keV, whereas the cut-off energies in the cut-off power-law fitting are at 22 keV or higher. The break or cut-off energy does not show a significant correlation with either the spin-down energy or characteristic age of the hosting pulsars. A possible correlation is found between the photon index change in the broken power-law fitting and the X-ray emitting efficiency of the pulsars, although its significance is not high enough to be conclusive. We discuss what determines the break parameters based on simple models.
Combining ex-ante and ex-post assessments to support the sustainable transformation of agriculture: The case of Swiss pesticide-free wheat production
Authors: Möhring Niklas , Huber Robert , Finger Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sustainable intensification of agriculture requires the adoption of new production techniques, tools, and programmes on a large scale. This implies substantial shifts in established ways of farming under uncertain information about potential economic and environmental outcomes. Research can support stakeholders such as farmers, industry, and policy in this transformation by providing evidence-based information. The provision of such information can be improved by combining ex-ante and ex-post assessment tools at different stages of policy cycles and projects. We here present a unique combination of ex-ante bio-economic modelling analysis and ex-post econometric analyses based on survey data using the example of a novel pesticide-free wheat production programme in Switzerland. We exemplify how ex-ante and ex-post evaluation can be combined to increase the robustness of results for stakeholders, e.g. on yield losses from pesticide-free production or farmer typologies important for adoption. Further, we show how their alignment can improve future assessments in project and policy cycles, e.g. through the choice of suitable variables explaining farmer decision-making and priors on the distribution of their characteristics. Despite the identified synergies between assessments, we also find that their integration is limited by the timing and information requirements of stakeholders at different stages in the project. Finally, potential synergies in our case study strongly depended on the type of ex-ante models chosen for evaluation and their alignment with ex-post methods. Especially integrating farmer behaviour in ex-ante assessments seems to be crucial to arriving at holistic evaluations of large-scale programmes for sustainable agricultural practices and providing useful information to stakeholders.
Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
Authors: Sato Yasuhiro , Takahashi Yuma , Xu Chongmeng , Shimizu Kentaro K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrequency-dependent selection (FDS) drives an evolutionary regime that maintains or disrupts polymorphisms. Despite the increasing feasibility of genetic association studies on fitness components, there are a few methods to uncover the loci underlying FDS. Based on a simplified model of pairwise genotype–genotype interactions, we propose a linear regression that can infer FDS from observed fitness. The key idea behind our method is the inclusion of genotype similarity as a pseudo-trait in selection gradient analysis. Single-locus analysis of Arabidopsis and damselfly data could detect known negative FDS on visible polymorphism that followed Mendelian inheritance with complete dominance. By extending the singlelocus analysis to genome-wide association study (GWAS), our simulations showed that the regression coefficient of genotype similarity can distinguish negative or positive FDS without confounding other forms of balancing selection. Field GWAS of the branch number further revealed that negative FDS, rather than positive FDS, was enriched among the top-scoring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. These results showed the wide applicability of our method for FDS on both visible polymorphism and genome-wide SNPs. Our study provides an effective method for selection gradient analysis to understand the maintenance or loss of polymorphism.
EEG signature of breaks in embodiment in VR
Authors: Porssut Thibault , Iwane Fumiaki , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Blanke Olaf , Millán José del R. , Boulic Ronan , Herbelin Bruno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe brain mechanism of embodiment in a virtual body has grown a scientific interest recently, with a particular focus on providing optimal virtual reality (VR) experiences. Disruptions from an embodied state to a less- or non-embodied state, denominated Breaks in Embodiment (BiE), are however rarely studied despite their importance for designing interactions in VR. Here we use electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor the brain’s reaction to a BiE, and investigate how this reaction depends on previous embodiment conditions. The experimental protocol consisted of two sequential steps; an induction step where participants were either embodied or non-embodied in an avatar, and a monitoring step where, in some cases, participants saw the avatar’s hand move while their hand remained still. Our results show the occurrence of error-related potentials linked to observation of the BiE event in the monitoring step. Importantly, this EEG signature shows amplified potentials following the non-embodied condition, which is indicative of an accumulation of errors across steps. These results provide neurophysiological indications on how progressive disruptions impact the expectation of embodiment for a virtual body.
TRPM3 as novel target to alleviate acute oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Aloi Vincenzo Davide , Pinto Silvia , van Bree Rita , Luyten Katrien , Voets Thomas , Vriens Joris 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) is an adverse effect observed in up to 80% of cancer patients upon treatment with cytostatic drugs including paclitaxel and oxaliplatin. CIPNP can be so severe that it limits dose and choice of chemotherapy, and has a significant negative consequences on the quality of life of survivors. Current treatments for CIPNP are limited and unsatisfactory. TRPM3 is a Ca2+-permeable ion channel functionally expressed in peripheral sensory neurons involved in the detection of thermal stimuli. Here, we focus on the possible involvement of TRPM3 in acute oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and cold hypersensitivity. In vitro calcium microfluorimetry and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments showed that TRPM3 is functionally upregulated in both heterologous and homologous expression systems after acute (24h) oxaliplatin treatment, while direct application of oxaliplatin was without effect. In vivo behavioral studies using an acute oxaliplatin model for CIPNP showed the development of cold and mechano-hypersensitivity in control mice, which was lacking in TRPM3 deficient mice. In addition, the levels of pERK, a marker for neuronal activity, were significantly reduced in DRG neurons derived from TRPM3 deficient mice compared to control after oxaliplatin administration. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of a TRPM3 antagonist, isosakuranetin, effectively reduced the oxaliplatin-induced pain behavior in response to cold and mechanical stimulation in mice with an acute form of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. In summary, TRPM3 thus represents a potential new target for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Retinoid acid receptor β mechanically regulates the activity of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Matellan Carlos , Lachowski Dariusz , Cortes Ernesto , Thorpe Stephen , del Río Hernández Armando E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and lethal form of pancreatic cancer, characterised by stromal remodelling, elevated matrix stiffness and high metastatic rate. Retinoids, compounds derived from vitamin A, have a history of clinical use in cancer for their anti-proliferative and differentiation effects, and more recently have been explored as anti-stromal therapies in PDAC for their ability to induce mechanical quiescence in cancer associated fibroblasts. Here we demonstrate that retinoic acid receptor β (RAR-β) transcriptionally represses myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2) expression, a key regulatory component of the contractile actomyosin machinery. In turn, MLC-2 downregulation results in decreased cytoskeletal stiffness and traction force generation, impaired response to mechanical stimuli via mechanosensing and reduced ability to invade through the basement membrane.
Direct Observation of Competing Prion Protein Fibril Populations with Distinct Structures and Kinetics
Authors: Sun Yuanzi , Jack Kezia , Ercolani Tiziana , Sangar Daljit , Hosszu Laszlo , Collinge John , Bieschke Jan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn prion diseases, fibrillar assemblies of misfolded prion protein (PrP) self-propagate by incorporating PrP monomers. Using total internal reflection and transient amyloid binding super-resolution microscopy, our study analyses elongation of single PrP fibrils to reveal polymorphic populations, featuring structural and dynamic heterogeneity similar to prion strains, which were previously hidden in ensemble measurements. PrP fibrils elongated along a preferred direction by an intermittent ‘stop- and-go’ mechanism. Fibrils fell into three main populations, which each displayed distinct elongation mechanisms incorporating different monomer structures and which maintained their properties even under elongation conditions favouring a different fibril type. Elongation of RML and ME7 prion rods likewise exhibited unique kinetic features. The discovery of polymorphic fibril populations of amyloid and prions growing in competition suggests that prions may present as quasispecies of structural isomorphs and that the replication environment may tilt the balance between prion isomorphs and amyloid species.HighlightsSynthetic prion fibril populations contain structurally distinct fibril typesFibril types faithfully elongate by different mechanismsFibril types compete for substrate depending on environmentFibril populations model quasi-species behavior of prion strainseTOCReplication of different prion strains causes distinct disease phenotypes. Sun et al. analyzed the growth of individual synthetic prion protein fibrils by super-resolution microscopy and found populations of structurally distinct fibril types, which grew in competition to each other as a quasi-species, recapitulating basic prion strain characteristics in vitro.
Ageing in a collective: The impact of ageing individuals on social network structure
Authors: Siracusa Erin R. , Pereira André S. , Brask Josefine Bohr , Negron-Del Valle Josué E. , Phillips Daniel ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Platt Michael L. , Higham James P. , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Brent Lauren J. N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAgeing affects many phenotypic traits, but its consequences for social behaviour have only recently become apparent. Social networks emerge from associations between individuals. The changes in sociality that occur as individuals get older are thus likely to impact network structure, yet this remains unstudied. Here we use empirical data from free-ranging rhesus macaques and an agent-based model to test how age-based changes in social behaviour feed up to influence: (1) an individual’s level of indirect connectedness in their network; and (2) overall patterns of network structure. Our empirical analyses revealed that female macaques became less indirectly connected as they aged for some, but not all network measures examined, suggesting that indirect connectivity is affected by ageing, and that ageing animals can remain well integrated in some social contexts. Surprisingly, we did not find evidence for a relationship between age distribution and the structure of female macaque networks. We used an agent-based model to gain further understanding of the link between age-based differences in sociality and global network structure, and under which circumstances global effects may be detectable. Overall, our results suggest a potentially important and underappreciated role of age in the structure and function of animal collectives, which warrants further investigation.
scMEGA: Single-cell Multiomic Enhancer-based Gene Regulatory Network Inference
Authors: Li Zhijian , Nagai James S , Kuppe Christoph , Kramann Rafael , Costa Ivan G 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing availability of single-cell multi-omics data allows to quantitatively characterize gene regulation. We here describe scMEGA (Single-cell Multiomic Enhancer-based Gene Regulatory Network Inference) to infer gene regulatory networks by combining single-cell gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles. This enables to study of complex gene regulation mechanisms for dynamic biological processes, such as cellular differentiation and disease-driven cellular remodeling. We provide a case study on gene regulatory networks controlling myofibroblast activation in human myocardial infarction
K978C CFTR restores essential epithelial function with greater efficiency than wildtype CFTR when expressed in CF airway cells
Authors: Woodall Maximillian , Tarran Robert , Lee Rhianna , Anfishi Hafssa , Prins Stella , Counsell John , Vergani Paola , Hart Stephen , Baines Deborah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClass Ia/b CFTR variants cause severe cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease in ~10% of CF patients and are untreatable with small molecule pharmaceuticals. Genetic replacement strategies offer a potential cure for all patients but so far, have displayed limited efficiency in vivo.We hypothesised that increasing protein abundance and/or activity of introduced CFTRs would more effectively restore function to CF bronchial epithelial cells (CFBE) in the presence of CF sputum (CFS) than wildtype (WT)-CFTR. We investigated codon optimised CFTR (hCAI), increased open probability CFTR (K978C) and codon optimised plus K978C (h^K978C) as candidates for gene therapy. Transfection of HEK293T with hCAI and h^K978C produced ~10-fold more CFTR protein than WT or K978C CFTRs. hCAI and h^K978C also displayed ~4-fold greater anion transport than WT in a halide-sensitive YFP quenching assay. However, functionality of modified CFTR cDNAs expressed in CFBE were profoundly different. 10% transduction of CFBE with K978C, compared to 22% transduction with WT, restored Cl- transport to similar levels as that recorded from non-CF cells. K978C increased ASL height and pH more effectively than WT-CFTR, while hCAI and h^K978C had limited impact. Further investigation indicated that codon optimised CFTRs mis-localised in CFBE and compromised vectoral Cl- transport.These data provide further evidence that codon optimised CFTR cDNAs may be unsuitable for gene therapy practices that employ high activity promoters. However, increased activity CFTR cDNAs such as K978C, that potentially mimic the effect of potentiators, may provide more potent recovery of function than WT-CFTR cDNA in CF airways.Significance StatementCystic fibrosis (CF) disease is associated with genetic malfunction of the Cl- channel CFTR, leading to dehydration and decreased pH in the fluid lining the airways. Replacement of CFTR by gene therapy/gene editing offers potential therapeutic benefit but efficiency is poor. We show that gain of activity K978C CFTR under the control of a high activity promoter fully restored Cl- transport, hydration and pH to CF bronchial epithelial cells (CFBE) in the presence of CF sputum and more efficiently than wild type CFTR. Codon optimised forms of CFTR were much less effective and proteins were mis-localised/mis-processed in CFBE. Thus, K978C could offer improved therapeutic potential.
Glycation-lowering compounds inhibit ghrelin signaling to reduce food intake, lower insulin resistance, and extend lifespan
Authors: Wimer Lauren , Kaneshiro Kiyomi R. , Ramirez Jessica , Bose Neelanjan , Valdearcos Martin , Shanmugam Muniesh Muthaiyan , Farrera Dominique O. , Singh Parminder , Beck Jennifer , Sellegounder Durai , Enqriquez Najera Lizbeth , Melov Simon , Ellerby Lisa , Cho Soo-Jin , Newman John C. , Koliwad Suneil , Galligan James , Kapahi Pankaj 
Published: August 2022

SummaryNon-enzymatic reactions in glycolysis lead to the accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive precursor to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which has been hypothesized to drive obesity, diabetes and aging-associated pathologies. A combination of nicotinamide, α-lipoic acid, thiamine, pyridoxamine, and piperine (Gly-Low) lowered deleterious effects of glycation by reducing MGO and MGO-derived AGE, MG-H1, in mice. Gly-Low supplementation in the diet reduced food consumption, decreased body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased survival in leptin receptor-deficient (Leprdb) and wild-type C57B6/J mice. Transcriptional, protein, and functional analyses demonstrated that Gly-Low inhibited appetite-stimulating ghrelin signaling and enhanced the appetite-satiating mTOR pathways within the hypothalamus. Consistent with these molecular findings, Gly-Low inhibited ghrelin-mediated hunger responses. When administered as a late-life intervention, Gly-Low slowed hypothalamic aging signatures, improved glucose homeostasis and motor coordination, and increased lifespan, suggesting its potential benefits in ameliorating age-associated decline.Graphical Abstract