bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 vaccines production and societal immunization under the serendipity-mindsponge-3D knowledge management theory and conceptual framework
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri , La Viet-Phuong , Nguyen Huyen Thanh Thanh , Ho Manh-Toan , Van Khuc Quy , Nguyen Minh-Hoang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), tremendous efforts have been made by scientists, health professionals, business people, politicians, and laypeople around the world. Covid-19 vaccines are one of the most crucial innovations that help fight against the virus. This paper attempts to revisit the Covid-19 vaccines production process by employing the serendipity-mindsponge-3D creativity management theory. Vaccine production can be considered an information process and classified into three main stages. The first stage involved the processes of absorbing information (e.g., digital data and open science) and rejecting unhelpful information (e.g., misinformation and fake news) for effectively acquiring useful insights. Useful insights were later employed by experts, enterprises, governments, and international organizations through interdisciplinary coordinated efforts for developing vaccines within a short period. Finally, the appearance of multiple types of vaccines enabled more strategic options for vaccine distribution and administration. Findings from this vaccine creativity management process could be used as critical lessons for further improvements of vaccination programs.
Achieving high speed of the stick–slip piezoelectric actuator at low frequency by using a two-stage amplification mechanism (TSAM)
Authors: Yi Chunxue , Xu Zhi , Zhao Wenyang , Huang Yaoming , Li Yicheng , Huang Hu 
Published: January 2022

The stick–slip piezoelectric actuator is a promising type for precision positioning with large stroke and high resolution; however, it is still challenging to achieve high motion speed at a relatively low driving frequency. To solve this problem, a novel two-stage amplification mechanism (TSAM) was designed, and correspondingly, a stick–slip piezoelectric actuator was developed. The structure, two-stage amplification principle, and motion processes of the designed actuator were addressed in detail, followed by analyzing the displacement amplification ratio and stress of TSAM via the elastic beam method and finite element method, respectively. Then, the actuator prototype was fabricated, and its output performances were tested under various experimental parameters. By comparative analysis with the actuator that only used the first-stage amplification hinge, the significant improvement in stepping displacement was verified when employing the TSAM. The resultant maximum motion speed was 20.05 mm/s, achieved under the locking force of 2 N, the input voltage of 100 V, and the driving frequency of 700 Hz. In addition, the developed actuator still maintained competitive motion resolution and loading capacity. The comparative analysis with some previous studies further indicated that the developed actuator with the TSAM had successfully achieved a relatively high motion speed at a relatively low driving frequency, which would be beneficial to the practical application.
An endemic pathway to sheep and goat domestication at Aşıklı Höyük (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Stiner Mary C. , Munro Natalie D. , Buitenhuis Hijlke , Duru Güneş , Özbaşaran Mihriban 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Sheep and goats (caprines) were domesticated in Southwest Asia, but how and in how many places remain open questions. Our analysis of caprine age and sex structures and related data reveal a local (endemic) domestication process at Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia. Beginning ca. 10,400 y ago, caprine management segued through a series of viable systems over the next 1,000 y. The earliest stage simply involved capturing wild lambs and kids and growing them on site to supplement a broad-spectrum forager diet. Soon, low-level breeding began within the settlement along with catching and raising wild infants. By the end of the archaeological sequence, large numbers of animals were produced from captive herds, which gave rise to early domesticated forms.
Radiotherapy transiently reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to lymphocyte cytotoxicity
Authors: Tuomela Karoliina , Mukherjee Debayan , Ambrose Ashley R. , Harikrishnan Ashish , Mole Holly , Hurlstone Adam , Önfelt Björn , Honeychurch Jamie , Davis Daniel M. 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceRadiotherapy is one of the most common forms of cancer treatment used today. Its impact in directly killing cancer cells, and on antitumour immunity, is well recognized, but its effect on immune cell–cancer cell interactions is not fully understood. Here, we show that irradiation of cancer cells surprisingly leads to resistance against immune cell cytotoxicity. This was mediated by a reduced susceptibility to the pore-forming protein perforin. Resistance manifested as a reduction in both necrotic death following osmotic lysis and apoptotic death following granzyme B uptake. Overall, these data establish a form of treatment-induced resistance to lymphocyte cytotoxicity. These findings have significant implications for the optimal design of radiotherapy–immunotherapy protocols.
Circumpolar ocean stability on Mars 3 Gy ago
Authors: Schmidt Frédéric , Way Michael J. , Costard François , Bouley Sylvain , Séjourné Antoine , Aleinov Igor 
Published: January 2022

Significance
The current Martian climate is not habitable and far from Earth’s climate. At the same time that life spread on Earth (3 Gy ago), the Red Planet was possibly more similar to our Blue Planet. Our model includes a coupled model with dynamic ocean and atmosphere including a hydrological cycle and a simplified glacier mass flux scheme. We show that an ocean is stable in agreement with interpretations of the surface geological records.
Climate and agronomy, not genetics, underpin recent maize yield gains in favorable environments
Authors: Rizzo Gonzalo , Monzon Juan Pablo , Tenorio Fatima A. , Howard Réka , Cassman Kenneth G. , Grassini Patricio 
Published: January 2022

Significance
After accounting for the effect of climate and improvements in agronomic management, we found the contribution of genetic technologies to increasing maize yield potential in favorable environments was substantially smaller than reported in previous studies. If genetic progress in yield potential is slowing in other environments and for other crops as well, future production gains will increasingly rely on yield gains from improved agronomic practices and/or increasing crop intensity where possible.
Fast response times signal social connection in conversation
Authors: Templeton Emma M. , Chang Luke J. , Reynolds Elizabeth A. , Cone LeBeaumont Marie D. , Wheatley Thalia 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceSocial connection is critical for our mental and physical health yet assessing and measuring connection has been challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a feature intrinsic to conversation itself—the speed with which people respond to each other—is a simple, robust, and sufficient metric of social connection. Strangers and friends feel more connected when their conversation partners respond quickly. Because extremely short response times (<250 ms) preclude conscious control, they provide an honest signal that even eavesdroppers use to judge how well two people “click.”
CMG helicase can use ATPγS to unwind DNA: Implications for the rate-limiting step in the reaction mechanism
Authors: Yao Nina Y. , Zhang Dan , Yurieva Olga , O’Donnell Michael E. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
The rate-limiting step of hexameric replicative helicases is ill-understood and this study on the eukaryotic replicative helicase CMG identifies that the catalytic ATP hydrolysis step is not the rate-limiting step, implying that a conformational change may be rate-limiting for DNA-unwinding activity. The results support a “staircase” model of CMG movement along DNA, requiring a large conformational change after ATP hydrolysis. Many studies use ATPγS to “preload” CMG onto DNA. However, this study demonstrates that ATPγS hydrolysis fuels CMG to unwind DNA. To achieve preloading without unwinding, the current study provides an alternative nucleotide analog, AMP-PNP, that is not hydrolyzable and efficiently preloads CMG onto DNA.
Confronting or avoiding confrontation? The role of sexism in evaluating women who avoid confronting discrimination (¿Confrontar oevitar hacerlo? El rol del sexismo en la evaluación de mujeres que evitan confrontar la discriminación)
Authors: Jiménez-Moya Gloria , Manzi Jorge , Castillo Fernanda 
Published: January 2022

Confrontation is a good strategy for lowering discrimination. Given that victims who confront are evaluated negatively, the role of witnesses of discrimination is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse how women who confront discrimination not directed towards them are evaluated (versus those who don’t confront), by examining the role of two factors: sexist attitudes and the characteristics of the woman. In one experimental study with a general population ( N = 657), we found that women who confront a racist comment are perceived more positively than women who do not confront. However, women who do not confront are more positively evaluated by sexist participants (vs less sexist individuals). The characteristics of the women do not affect the participants’ evaluation of them. These results show that even though women who confront may be positively evaluated in general, prejudice towards women is a key factor in the perception of women who choose not to confront.
Effect of hot deformation parameters on dynamic recrystallisation mechanisms of super austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Chen , Wang Zhuyu , Li Zhuoyuan , Lv Bo , Zhang Fucheng 
Published: January 2022

Hot compression tests on super austenitic stainless steel (SASS) are performed in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s−1. The results reveal that, at lower deformation temperatures of 900 and 1000 °C or lower strain rates of 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1 and 1 s−1, the dominant DRX mechanism of SASS can be summarised as: a large number of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) are gradually developed from low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and DRX grains are partially formed on HAGBs. However, the formation of DRX grains due to sub-grain rotation is the main DRX mechanism at higher temperatures of 1100 °C and 1200 °C and at the higher strain rate of 10 s−1.
Gluon EMC effects in nuclear matter
Authors: Wang X G , Bentz W , Cloët I C , Thomas A W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate the gluonic structure of nuclei within a mean-field model of nuclear structure based upon the modification of the structure of a bound nucleon, with the nucleon described by the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. This approach has been shown to reproduce the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect, involving the ratio of the spin-independent structure functions of a heavier nucleus to that of the deuteron. It also predicts a significant nuclear modification for the spin structure functions, known as the polarized EMC effect. Here we report sizeable nuclear modifications of the gluon distributions (a ‘gluon EMC effect’) for the ratios of both the unpolarized and polarized gluon distributions in nuclear matter to those of a free nucleon.
Understanding anion-redox reactions in cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries through in situ characterization techniques: a review
Authors: Hwang Ye Yeong , Han Ji Hyun , Park Sol Hui , Jung Ji Eun , Lee Nam Kyeong , Lee Yun Jung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As the demand for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density increases, the interest in lithium-rich oxide (LRO) with extraordinarily high capacities is surging. The capacity of LRO cathodes exceeds that of conventional layered oxides. This has been attributed to the redox contribution from both cations and anions, either sequentially or simultaneously. However, LROs with notable anion redox suffer from capacity loss and voltage decay during cycling. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of their electrochemical behaviors and related structural evolution is a prerequisite for the successful development of high-capacity LRO cathodes with anion redox activity. However, there is still controversy over their electrochemical behavior and principles of operation. In addition, complicated redox mechanisms and the lack of sufficient analytical tools render the basic study difficult. In this review, we aim to introduce theoretical insights into the anion redox mechanism and in situ analytical instruments that can be used to prove the mechanism and behavior of cathodes with anion redox activity. We summarized the anion redox phenomenon, suggested mechanisms, and discussed the history of development for anion redox in cathode materials of LIBs. Finally, we review the recent progress in identification of reaction mechanisms in LROs and validation of engineering strategies to improve cathode performance based on anion redox through various analytical tools, particularly, in situ characterization techniques. Because unexpected phenomena may occur during cycling, it is crucial to study the kinetic properties of materials in situ under operating conditions, especially for this newly investigated anion redox phenomenon. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the future direction of studies on materials with anion redox activity.
Experimental study on controlled production of two-electron temperature plasma
Authors: Sharma G , Deka K , Paul R , Adhikari S , Moulick R , Kausik S S , Saikia B K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A two-electron temperature plasma is produced by the method of diffusion of two different plasmas with distinct temperatures and densities. The method is simple and provides an adequate control over the plasma parameters. The study reveals that the temperature and density of both the electron groups can be effectively controlled by just changing the discharge currents of both the plasmas. An ion-acoustic wave is excited in the plasma and is detected using a planar Langmuir probe. The damped amplitude of the wave is measured and is used as a diagnostic tool for establishing the presence of two-electron components. This production method can be helpful in controlling the hot electron density and temperature in plasma processing industries.
Ion-induced secondary electron emission of oxidized nickel and copper studied in beam experiments
Authors: Buschhaus R , Prenzel M , von Keudell A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ion-induced secondary electron emission at a target surface is an essential mechanism for laboratory plasmas, i.e. magnetron sputtering discharges. Electron emission, however, is strongly affected by the target condition itself such as oxidation. Data of oxidized targets, however, are very sparse and prone to significant systematic errors, because they were often determined by modeling the complex behavior of the plasma. Thus, it is difficult to isolate the process of ion-induced electron emission from all other plasma-surface-interactions. By utilizing ion beams, the complex plasma environment is avoided and electron yields are determined with higher accuracy. In this study, ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficients (SEECs) of clean, untreated (air-exposed), and intentionally oxidized copper and nickel surfaces were investigated in such a particle beam experiment. Pristine and oxidized metal foils were exposed to beams of singly charged argon ions with energies of 0.2 keV - 10 keV. After the ion beam treatment, the surface conditions were analyzed by ex-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Further, a model for the electron emission of a partly oxidized surface is presented, which is in agreement with the experimental data. It was found, that oxidized and untreated/air-exposed surfaces do not show the same SEEC: for intentionally oxidized targets, the electron yields were smaller by a factor of 2 than for untreated/air-exposed surfaces. SEECs of oxides were found to be between the values for clean and for untreated metal surfaces. Further, the SEEC was at maximum for untreated/air-exposed surfaces and at minimum for clean surfaces; the electron yields of untreated/air-exposed and clean surfaces were in agreement with values reported in the literature.
Modeling the actuation of curved ionic polymer metal composites
Authors: Zhang Peng , Porfiri Maurizio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) is a soft actuator that consists of an ionomer membrane, neutralized by mobile counterions and plated by metal electrodes. Despite their early promise in robotics, medical devices, and microsystem technologies, widespread application of IPMC actuators is far from being reached. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing technologies have the potential to expand the reach of IPMCs by affording the realization of complex, design-specific geometries that were impossible to attain with standard manufacturing techniques. For this potential to be attained, it is critical to establish physically-based models that could inform 3D printing, beyond the flat, thin, non-tapered geometries that have been the object of investigation for almost three decades. Here, we bridge this gap by presenting an analytical framework to study actuation of a double-clamped IPMC arch under an applied voltage. We adopt a thermodynamically the consistent continuum model to describe the coupled electrochemo-mechanical phenomena taking place within the IPMC. We establish an analytical solution for the electrochemistry using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, which is, in turn, utilized to compute osmotic pressure and Maxwell stress. The mechanical response of the IPMC arch is modeled as a plane strain problem with an induced state of eigenstress, which is solved with the use of a smooth Airy function. The accuracy of our analytical solution is validated through finite element simulations. Through a parametric analysis, we investigate the effect of curvature on the deformation and the reaction forces exerted by the clamps. The proposed analytical framework offers new insight into the response of curved IPMCs, in which progress on 3D printing should be grounded.
Design and implementation of a new fractional-order Hopfield neural network system
Authors: Zhou Ziwei , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, a novel chaotic system of fractional-order based on the model of Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) is proposed. The numerical solutions of the 4-neurons-based HNN fractional-order chaotic system are obtained by using the Adomain decomposition method. The dynamical performances of the 4-neurons-based HNN fractional-order chaotic system are explored through attractor trajectories, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, SE complexity and chaotic diagram based on SE complexity. In addition, the 4-neurons-based HNN fractional-order chaotic system is implemented based on the Multisim platform. The experimental results indicate that the 4-neurons-based HNN fractional-order chaotic system has rich dynamic behavior, and the influence of different order on the dynamical properties of the system are particularly great. This research will provide theoretical foundation and experimental basis for the hardware implementation and application of the 4-neurons-based HNN fractional-order chaotic system.
On Shapiro time delay in massive scalar-tensor theories
Authors: Dyadina P.I. , Labazova S.P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The problem of defenition of the post-Newtonian parameter γ in massive scalar-tensor theories is considered. We demonstrate an equivalent correspondence between the post-Newtonian parameter γ and the parameter appearing in the equation of a null geodesic in massive scalar-tensor theories. We show that massive scalar-tensor theories can be distinguished from general relativity via the Shapiro time delay. All calculations are performed for hybrid metric-Palatini f(R)-gravity for the sake of illustration. The expression for Shapiro time delay in hybrid f(R)-gravity is obtained for the first time.
Reconstructing cosmic polarization rotation with ResUNet-CMB
Authors: Guzman Eric , Meyers Joel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cosmic polarization rotation, which may result from parity-violating new physics or the presence of primordial magnetic fields, converts E-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) into B-mode polarization.
Anisotropic cosmic polarization rotation leads to statistical anisotropy in CMB polarization and can be reconstructed with quadratic estimator techniques similar to those designed for gravitational lensing of the CMB.
At the sensitivity of upcoming CMB surveys, lensing-induced B-mode polarization will act as a limiting factor in the search for anisotropic cosmic polarization rotation, meaning that an analysis which incorporates some form of delensing will be required to improve constraints on the effect with future surveys.
In this paper we extend the ResUNet-CMB convolutional neural network to reconstruct anisotropic cosmic polarization rotation in the presence of gravitational lensing and patchy reionization, and we show that the network simultaneously reconstructs all three effects with variance that is lower than that from the standard quadratic estimator nearly matching the performance of an iterative reconstruction method.
BOSS full-shape analysis from the EFTofLSS with exact time dependence
Authors: Zhang Pierre , Cai Yifu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We re-analyze the full shape of BOSS galaxy two-point function from the Effective-Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure at the one loop within ΛCDM with massive neutrinos using a big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) prior, removing the Einstein-de Sitter (EdS) approximation in the time dependence of the loop, and, properly accounting for the redshift selection over the BOSS samples instead of assuming an effective redshift. We constrain, at 68%-confidence level (CL), the present-day matter fraction to Ωm = 0.322 ± 0.018, the Hubble constant to H
0 = 69.1 ± 0.14 (km/s)/Mpc, the log-amplitude of the primordial spectrum to ln (1010
A
s) = 2.97 ± 0.25, the spectral tilt to n
s = 0.938 ± 0.082, and bound the total neutrino mass to < 1.1 at 95%-CL. We find no significant shift in the posteriors of the cosmological parameters due to the EdS approximation, but a marginal difference in ln (1010
A
s) due to the effective redshift approximation of about 0.4σ, where σ is the 68%-confidence interval. Regarding the EdS approximation, we check that the same conclusion holds on simulations of volume like DESI in ΛCDM and wCDM, with a BBN prior. In contrast, for an approximate, effective redshift, to be assumed, we advocate systematic assessments on redshift selection for ongoing and future large-volume surveys.
Tracking the stochastic growth of bacterial populations in microfluidic droplets
Authors: Taylor Daniel , Verdon Nia , Lomax Peter , Allen Rosalind J , Titmuss Simon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bacterial growth in microfluidic droplets is relevant in biotechnology, in microbial ecology, and in understanding stochastic population dynamics in small populations. However, it has proved challenging to automate measurement of absolute bacterial numbers within droplets, forcing the use of proxy measures for population size. Here we present a microfluidic device and imaging protocol that allows high-resolution imaging of thousands of droplets, such that individual bacteria stay in the focal plane and can be counted automatically. Using this approach, we track the stochastic growth of hundreds of replicate Escherichia coli populations within droplets. We find that, for early times, the statistics of the growth trajectories obey the predictions of the Bellman–Harris model, in which there is no inheritance of division time. Our approach should allow further testing of models for stochastic growth dynamics, as well as contributing to broader applications of droplet-based bacterial culture.