bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanocomposite Encapsulant for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in Power Electronics
Authors: Carlton Hayden , Iradukunda Ange , Imran Asif , Myane Sarah , Akey Noah , Luo Fang , Huitink David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As power densities and switching frequencies dramatically increase in wide bandgap power electronics, electromagnetic interference (EMI) increasingly impacts power conversion efficiency, and reliability, which requires mitigation for effective operation. Herein, we propose a nanocomposite encapsulant created by directly incorporating magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into a silicone matrix for the purpose of EMI shielding. The addition of small amounts of particles to the silicone resulted in a 1.7 dBμV drop in EMI intensity; however, the addition of the iron oxide reduced the dielectric breakdown strength of the silicone matrix by 83% with respect to concentration. Further efforts to optimize the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites with respect to the nanoparticle loading are necessary to directly apply this technology; yet the results indicate that magnetic nanocomposites could be a potential avenue toward mitigating EMI in power devices.
Monitoring Shearing-Plowing Transitions in Micro-Milling Using Fluctuations in Cutting Forces
Authors: Varghese Alwin , Kulkarni Vinay , Joshi Suhas S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In micromilling, understanding transitions between the desired shearing-dominant to the undesired plowing-dominant cutting mechanism could help obtain high quality microfeatures. This work investigates the transitions in cutting mechanisms in micromilling using fluctuations in cutting force signals, characterized by using a fluctuation parameter. A new analytical model correlating fluctuation in force signals to the transitions in cutting mechanism has been developed. Two types of slot milling experiments were performed to understand the transitions in cutting mechanisms, as a function of processing parameters, and over the entire life of micro-endmills. The proposed model was found to agree with experimental values of forces within 15% error. The limiting value of the fluctuation parameter has been estimated as 0.01, which corresponds to a limiting feed of 1 μm/tooth. Feed per tooth and cutting edge radius are the important parameters that affect transitions in cutting mechanisms. The cutting mechanism changes from shearing to plowing and vice-versa over the entire life of the tool. Shearing-dominant mechanism prevailed in the first region due to the sharper cutting edges with radius less than 9 μm. Though plowing-dominant cutting mechanism prevails in the remaining two regions, the mechanism comes closer to shearing-dominant near the end of tool life. This is primarily because of the generation of localized sharpness on tool cutting edges due to chipping. Furthermore, it was evident that cutting mechanism changes from shearing to plowing due to wear, when surface roughness increases above 400 nm Ra.
Effectiveness of physical activity monitors in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Larsen Rasmus Tolstrup , Wagner Vibeke , Korfitsen Christoffer Bruun , Keller Camilla , Juhl Carsten Bogh , Langberg Henning , Christensen Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness of physical activity monitor (PAM) based interventions among adults and explore reasons for the heterogeneity.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Study selectionThe electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched on 4 June 2021. Eligible randomised controlled trials compared interventions in which adults received feedback from PAMs with control interventions in which no feedback was provided. No restrictions on type of outcome measurement, publication date, or language were applied.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Random effects meta-analyses were used to synthesise the results. The certainty of evidence was rated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Main outcome measuresThe three primary outcomes of interest were physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity, and sedentary time.Results121 randomised controlled trials with 141 study comparisons, including 16 743 participants, were included. The PAM based interventions showed a moderate effect (standardised mean difference 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.55) on physical activity, equivalent to 1235 daily steps; a small effect (0.23, 0.16 to 0.30) on moderate to vigorous physical activity, equivalent to 48.5 weekly minutes; and a small insignificant effect (−0.12, −0.25 to 0.01) on sedentary time, equal to 9.9 daily minutes. All outcomes favoured the PAM interventions.ConclusionsThe certainty of evidence was low for the effect of PAM based interventions on physical activity and moderate for moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time. PAM based interventions are safe and effectively increase physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity. The effect on physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity is well established but might be overestimated owing to publication bias.Study registrationPROSPERO CRD42018102719.
Primordial black holes in nonminimal derivative coupling inflation with quartic potential and reheating consideration
Authors: Heydari Soma , Karami Kayoomars 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the generation of primordial black holes (PBHs) with the aid of gravitationally increased friction mechanism originated from the nonminimal field derivative coupling (NMDC) to gravity framework, with the quartic potential. Applying the coupling parameter as a two-parted function of inflaton field and fine-tuning of five parameter assortments we can acquire ultra slow-roll phase to slow down the inflaton field due to high friction. This enables us to achieve enough enhancement in the amplitude of curvature perturbations power spectra to generate PBHs with different masses. The reheating stage is considered to obtain criteria for PBHs generation during radiation dominated era. We demonstrate that three cases of asteroid mass PBHs ($$10^{-12}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
12

M
⊙

, $$10^{-13}M_{\odot }$$

10

-
13

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, and $$10^{-15}M_{\odot })$$

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-
15

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⊙

)

can be very interesting candidates for comprising $$100\%$$

100
%

, $$98.3\%$$

98.3
%

and $$99.1\%$$

99.1
%

of the total dark matter (DM) content of the universe. Moreover, we analyse the production of induced Gravitational Waves (GWs), and illustrate that their spectra of current density parameter $$({\Omega _{{\mathrm{GW}}_\mathrm{0}}})$$

(

Ω

GW
0

)

for all parameter Cases foretold by our model have climaxes which cut the sensitivity curves of GWs detectors, ergo the veracity of our outcomes can be tested in light of these detectors. At last, our numerical results exhibit that the spectra of $${\Omega _{{\mathrm{GW}}_\mathrm{0}}}$$

Ω

GW
0

behave as a power-law function with respect to frequency, $${\Omega _{{\mathrm{GW}}_\mathrm{0}}} (f) \sim (f/f_c)^{n} $$

Ω

GW
0

(
f
)

∼

(
f
/

f
c

)

n

, in the vicinity of climaxes. Also, in the infrared regime $$f\ll f_{c}$$

f
≪

f
c

, the power index satisfies the relation $$n=3-2/\ln (f_c/f)$$

n
=
3
-
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/
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c

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.
(Invited) Integration of In Vivo Electroanalytical and Genetic Techniques to Decode Local Catecholamine Circuits in the Brain
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Bhimani Rohan , Bass Caroline 
Published: January 2022

Electroanalytical methods, especially, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) coupled with carbon-fiber microelectrodes, have been widely used to study rapid changes in neurochemical concentrations and provide a local view of neurotransmission in real time. However, electroanalytical methods alone are limited to understand the distinct roles of local neural circuits in different brain areas or even subregions of the same brain area. In recent years, the development of novel genetic approaches such as optogenetics and chemogenetics have made it possible to selectively target and control (excite or inhibit) specific neural circuits in a neurochemically heterogeneous brain without affecting surrounding cells or fibers of passage.
In this study, we demonstrate that a novel combination of in vivo FSCV coupled with chemogenetics permits us to determine local catecholamine transmission by individually manipulating dopamine (DA) or norepinephrine (NE) neurons and how chemogenetic modulation of DA or NE transmission is correlated with behavioral changes. These findings will be the fundamental framework to understand how individual local catecholamine circuits are distinctly linked to essential brain functions as well as common psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
Affordable Prices Without Threatening the Oncological R&D Pipeline—An Economic Experiment on Transparency in Price Negotiations
Authors: Franzen Nora , Ziegler Andreas , Romagnoli Giorgia , Retèl Valesca P. , Offerman Theo J.S. , van Harten Wim H. 
Published: January 2022

The high prices of innovative medicines endanger access to care worldwide. Sustainable prices need to be affordable while sufficiently incentivizing research and development (R&D) investments. A proposed solution is increased transparency. Proponents argue that price and R&D cost confidentiality are drivers of high prices. On the contrary, supporters of confidentiality claim that confidentiality enables targeted discounts which make treatments affordable; moreover, pharmaceutical companies argue that R&D investments would suffer with more transparency.Despite the political relevance, limited empirical evidence exists on the effects of transparency regulations. We contribute to fill this gap with an experiment where we replicate the EU pharmaceutical market in a laboratory setting. In a randomized controlled study, we analyzed how participants, 400 students located in four European countries, negotiated in the current system of Price Secrecy in comparison with innovative bargaining settings where either prices only (Price Transparency) or prices and R&D costs (Full Transparency) were made transparent to buyers. We found that Price transparency had no statistically significant effect on average prices or number of patients treated and made R&D investments significantly smaller (−16.86%; P: 0.0024). On the other hand, Full Transparency reduced prices (−26%; P: 0.0004) and held the number of patients constant at the level of Price Secrecy. It produced price convergence between countries with low and high health budgets, and, despite lower prices, had no effect on R&D investments.Our findings provide novel evidence that combining price and R&D cost transparency could be an effective policy to contribute to sustainable medicine prices.See related article by Franzen et al. (Cancer Discov 2022;12:299–302).
Producing an Antisemitic Consensus within the Framework of the “Judenjagd”: The Role of Poles in the Holocaust Based on the Murder of Nachman Blumental’s Family in Wielopole Skrzyńskie during the German Occupation
Authors: Stoll Katrin 
Published: January 2022

This article – which is based on the records of Nachman Blumental that I discovered as part of my work on his archive material and that I brought to light, as well as on the documentation of two official investigations – deals with the complicity of Poles – uniformed (the policja granatowa, or Blue Police) and civilians – in the Nazi project to kill every Jew without exception in Dębica County during the German occupation. I analyze the mechanism that set in motion antisemitic violence within the framework of the Judenjagd, i.e. the Jew hunt. I argue that it was attitudes and behaviors in the environment that determined the effectiveness of the German Nazi project to persecute and murder all Jews without exception. The majority group plays the role of “second instance” (Elżbieta Janicka). By reconstructing the crime against Ariel Blumental and Maria Blumental in June 1943 in Brzeziny, Mała and Wielopole Skrzyńskie, and by deconstructing the mystification of the crime by the inhabitants, I uncover the foundations of this process and show how the mechanism of self-representation as non-involved functions. “Participating observers” (Elżbieta Janicka) mask their own participation in the murder of Nachman Blumental’s family. The task, then, is to interpret both what is said and what is not said. The crime discussed in the article is emblematic in that it sheds light on the socio-cultural framework of the Holocaust and its landscape. It shows the loneliness of those who were hiding, handed over and sentenced to death by their neighbors.
Preoperative Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and the Risk of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Diabetes and Pre-diabetes Undergoing Coronary Arteriography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Fu Han , Liu Jie , Liu Xiaogang , Yang Shicheng , Guo Zhigang , Fu Naikuan 
Published: January 2022

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary arteriography/percutaneous coronary intervention (CAG/PCI). We evaluated whether preoperative fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients who underwent CAG/PCI influenced the occurrence of CIN. From June 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 687 patients were divided into five groups based on their preoperative FBG levels. Blood samples were collected at admission and at 48 hours and 72 hours after the procedure to determine serum creatinine levels. The P value for trend was used to analyze the trend between preoperative FBG levels and the increased risk of CIN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to exclude the influence of confounding factors, and some high-risk confounders were selected for subgroup analysis. The results of our cross-sectional study show that elevated preoperative FBG levels are independently associated with the risk of CIN in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients undergoing CAG/PCI. Furthermore, the incidence of CIN gradually increases with the rise in preoperative FBG levels. Patients with elevated preoperative FBG at admission should be carefully monitored and more active measures should be taken to prevent CIN.
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Adverse Events in Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Abiri Arash , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Birkenbeue Jack L. , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the implications of obesity on postoperative adverse events following skull base surgery. Methods: The 2005-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for adverse events in skull base surgery cases. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and obese (BMI ≥ 30) cohorts. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of overweight or obese BMI with various 30-day postoperative adverse events. Results: A total of 2305 patients were included for analysis, of which 732 (31.8%) and 935 (40.6%) were overweight or obese, respectively. The mean age was 53.8 ± 15.3 years and 1214 (52.7%) patients were female. Obese patients were younger ( P = .033) and possessed higher frailty ( P < .001) and ASA scores ( P < .001). Operation times and lengths of hospitalization were not significantly different across patient cohorts (all P > .05). On propensity score-adjusted multivariable analysis, only bleeding (OR = 0.42, P < .001) and deep vein thrombosis (OR = 6.46, P = .015) were significantly associated with obesity. There were no significant differences in rates of readmission, reoperation, or mortality between normal weight and obese patients (all P > .05). Conclusions: Obesity was associated with decreased postoperative bleeding and increased deep vein thromboses. Obese patients were otherwise at no higher risk for medical or surgical complications. Elevated BMI did not confer an increased risk for readmission, reoperation, or death. Thus, patient obesity should not be a major determinant in offering skull base surgery in individuals who would otherwise benefit from treatment.
Molecular Emissions from Stretched Excitation Pulse in Nanosecond Phase-Selective Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of TiO2 Nanoaerosols
Authors: Xiong Gang , Zhang Yuqian , Schulz Christof , Tse Stephen D. 
Published: January 2022

In phase-selective laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PS-LIBS), gas-borne nanoparticles are irradiated with laser pulses (∼2.4 GW/cm2) resulting in breakdown of the nanoparticle phase but not the surrounding gas phase. In this work, the effect of excitation laser-pulse duration and energy on the intensity and duration of TiO2–nanoparticle PS-LIBS emission signal is investigated. Laser pulses from a frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (532 nm) are stretched from 8 ns (full width at half maximum, FWHM) up to ∼30 ns at fixed pulse energy using combinations of two optical cavities. The intensity of the titanium atomic emissions at around 500 nm wavelength increases by ∼60%, with the stretched pulse and emissions at around 482 nm, attributed to TiO, enhanced over 10 times. While the atomic emissions rise with the stretched laser pulse and decay around 20 ns after the end of the laser pulse, the TiO emissions reach their peak intensity at about 20 ns later and last longer. At low laser energy (i.e., 1 mJ/pulse, or 80 MW/cm2), the TiO emissions dominate, but their increase with laser energy is lower compared to the atomic emissions. The origin of the 482 nm emission is explored by examining several different aerosol setups, including Ti–O, Ti–N, and Ti–O–N from a spark particle generator and Ti–O–N–C–H aerosol from flame synthesis. The 482 nm emissions are attributed to electronically excited TiO, likely resulting from the reaction of excited titanium atoms with surrounding oxidizing (carbonaceous and/or radical) species. The effects of pulse length are attributed to the shift of absorption from the initial interaction with the particle to the prolonged interaction with the plasma through inverse bremsstrahlung.
A qualitative study of a mental health awareness intervention for Jordanian and resettled Syrian refugees in host communities
Authors: Powell Tara M , Qushua Najat 
Published: January 2022

Background: Mental health disorders significantly contribute to the global burden of disease, however, prevention and treatment programs are often inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries. Aims: The goal of this qualitative evaluation was to examine participants experiences of the healthy community clinic (HCC-MH), an integrated mental health awareness intervention delivered in primary care clinics to Jordanians and resettled Syrians in a border community in Jordan. Methods: Four focus group discussions (FGDs) with Jordanians and Syrians ( N = 21) who participated in the HCC-MH were conducted. FGDs examined knowledge, acceptability, and applicability of the intervention. Open coding and the constant comparison method were used to identify themes that emerged from the FGDs. Results: Six central themes emerged from the data including : (1) awareness; (2) behavior changes; (3) reduction in stigma; (4) connecting physical and mental health; (5) relationships; and (6) coping. Notably, female participants stated participation in the intervention fostered awareness of their own emotional needs, which led to positive lifestyle and behavior changes. Participants also described how the information provided in the intervention normalized emotional distress and aided understanding of the interconnection between physical and mental health. The amplification of healthy coping strategies to reduce stress and distress was also a prominent theme. Conclusions: Findings are discussed within the cultural and contextual setting of the study, and implications for mental health awareness interventions in complex settings are provided.
Processing and properties of low-temperature cure carbon fiber-reinforced bismaleimide composite
Authors: Waller Matthew D , Bakis Charles E , Koudela Kevin L , McIntyre Sean M 
Published: January 2022

Bismaleimide (BMI) resins are used in carbon fiber reinforced composites for high-temperature applications. Conventional BMI resins require high cure and post-cure processing temperatures, which limit fabrication methods and contribute to residual stress and microcracking. Recently, BMIs with lower cure temperatures have been developed; however, little data on the properties of low-temperature cure carbon/BMI composites are available in the open literature. In this study, processing and properties of a low-temperature cure BMI resin system, referred to here as BMI-2, were evaluated. Along with evaluation of neat resin properties, multi-directional woven carbon fiber reinforced BMI-2 composite laminates were fabricated by an out-of-autoclave, vacuum-bag-only resin infusion method. New data on the mechanical, thermal, and moisture absorption properties are presented. It was found that the resin infusion method produced laminates with fiber volume fraction of approximately 55% and immeasurably low void content. BMI-2 was found to attain a degree of cure of 96% and glass transition temperature of 366°C following a 163°C cure cycle. Cured laminates did not suffer from process-induced cracking at the inter- or intra-laminar levels. Tensile strength and modulus of quasi-isotropic specimens with woven AS4 carbon fiber were 443 MPa and 47.6 GPa, respectively, and failure under quasi-static tension occurred by delamination. Compression strength was stable across a wide temperature range, with quasi-isotropic specimens retaining 60% of their room temperature compression strength at 260°C. Equilibrium moisture content of composite specimens was 1.2% by weight.
Tensile properties and failure mechanism of the SiCf/SiC minicomposite with multi-layered (BN/SiC)n interfacial coatings at room temperature
Authors: Dai Jianwei , He Limin , Mu Rende , Shen Zaoyu , Liu Wei , Xu Zhenhua 
Published: January 2022

To overcome the brittle fracture of ceramic matrix composites, the interfacial coatings between continuous fibers and the ceramic matrix, especially boron nitride (BN) and silicon carbide (SiC) coatings were often introduced into the composites to improve the interface properties. This work focused on the use of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) to fabricated SiC fiber-reinforced SiC (SiCf/SiC) minicomposites with interfacial coatings. Single BN, double-layered BN/SiC, and multi-layered (BN/SiC)2 interfacial coatings were deposited on SiC fibers from BCl3-NH3-H2 and MTS (Methyltrichlorosilane)-H2 systems in a low pressure hot-wall CVI reactor. Room-temperature tensile testing was used to evaluate the influence of different interfacial coatings on the tensile properties and failure mechanism of SiCf/SiC minicomposites. The minicomposites with (BN/SiC)2 coatings performed the highest fracture strength of 630.9 MPa. The mechanical behaviour of the composites was characterized by the universal testing machine with an acoustic emission (AE) detector, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The existence of (BN/SiC)2 coatings provoked the interface debonding in the minicomposite both at the BN/fiber interface and the interface between BN and SiC layers, prolonging the crack propagation paths and noticeably improving the fracture properties of the minicomposite.