bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioural Changes and not Structural Changes Occur in Rat Fed with Cassava Products (Fufu, Garri and Tapioca Diet)
Authors: K. David Lekpa , Umeakaelu Eric , Ibeachu Chinagorum 
Published: January 2022

The ability of cassava products (fufu, garri and tapioca) to produce behavioral and structural changes in the brain of adult rats was examined. Forty adult male rats (N=40) were used for this study and the experiment was divided into two phases (N=20 each).Rat were trained in a Reach-To-Grasp Task for 6 weeks and Quantitative assessments using a reaching movement scale and reach-to-grasp success rate were carried out to determine baseline values. After which administration of the various cassava products was done. The 1st phase had the rats trained to perform the reach to grasp experiment before been fed with various cassava diet. In this phase the animals performed significantly worse than the controls when determining the average success rate in a reach-to-grasp experiment (baseline=72.6%, fufu diet= 30%, garri diet =47%, tapioca diet =59%). The 2nd phase had the rats trained simultaneously as they were being fed withvarious cassava diet. In this phase the animals also performed significantly worse than the controls when determining the average success rate in a reach-to-grasp experiment (fufu diet= 37.5%, garri diet =46.5%, tapioca diet =56.5%). The various movement of the rat was assessed using Tracker software (Video Analysis and Modeling tool, version 5.1.2) and the movement pattens were determined. The animals fed with Fufu shows the worst movement pattern indicating aiming impairment which may be as a result of structural changes in the m1 region of the cerebral cortex. The data obtained were analysed using ANOVA and there was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the movement pattern. Histological observation showed no neuropathological changes in the motor cortex. The rats fed with cassava diets shows no observable changes in the structures and sizes of the neurons as compared with the control. Cassava products (Fufu, Garri and Tapioca) have been demonstrated to cause neurobehavioural and mild structural changes in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex.
Assessment of Complete Blood Count and D-dimer among Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Abdulhafeez , Ahmad Albara , Waggiallah Hisham Ali 
Published: January 2022

Background: The most virulent of the human malaria parasites is P. falciparum which is responsible for the bulk of the malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Changes in blood cell parameters are already a well-known feature of malarial infections
Aim: The purpose of this research was to assess the total blood count and D-dimer levels in patients with P. falciparum malaria in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Study Design: It is case- control study was conducted on blood cells prameters and plasma D-dimer for patients infected with Plasmdium falciparum malaria
Place and Duration of Study: study was carried out in Yastabshiroon hospital, Khartoum state, from October 2020 to January 2021.
Methodology: The study comprised fifty people who tested positive for P. falciparum using the National Public Health Laboratory's malaria diagnostic standard. The control group consisted of fifty healthy Khartoum locals with about equal gender and age distribution. To collect data from the study group's personal and medical information, such as name, gender, age, and medical condition, a structured questionnaire was developed.
Result: D-dimer levels were considerably greater in P. falciparum malaria cases compared to non-falciparum malaria cases, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower, although white blood cells (WBCs) count was significantly lower in P. falciparum infection patients compared to non-falciparum (p≤0.05). Hemoglobin concentration and platelet count were similarly significantly lower (p≤0.05). Platelet counts and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), on the other hand, were significantly lower in individuals with severe parasitemia compared to those with low and moderate parasitemia.
Conclusion: The study concluded that P. falciparum infection causes considerable hematological alterations. The results of the current investigation revealed a significant increase in the D-dimer mean level, as well as a significant decrease in the count of hemoglobin, total white blood cells (TWBCs), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets. It was also discovered that patients with high parasitemia had considerably lower platelet counts and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels than those with low and moderate parasitemia.
Determination of Serum Electrolyte and Calcium Abnormalities in Neonates with Birth Asphyxia
Authors: Injeti Gnanavelu , Kher Anjali , Taksande Amar , Panwar Abhilasha Singh 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Birth asphyxia and Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are significant causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Serum sodium, potassium, and calcium level abnormalities may occur in neonates with birth asphyxia, and their early detection and prompt treatment will improve the outcome of these neonates.
Aim: To study serum electrolyte and calcium levels and their correlation with birth asphyxia and HIE severity.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in full-term neonates diagnosed with birth asphyxia, and their serum sodium, potassium, and calcium estimation were done at birth to 12 hours of birth and repeated at 24 to 48 hours of birth. Serum electrolyte and calcium level abnormalities and short-term outcomes of these neonates were studied.
Results: It was observed that at Apgar score 1 and 5 minutes, with an increase in severity of birth asphyxia serum sodium and calcium levels decreased while potassium levels increased. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum sodium levels and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes. Serum calcium levels showed a significant positive correlation with 5 minutes Apgar score. Serum potassium levels at < 12 hours showed a significant negative correlation with 5 minutes Apgar score.
Conclusion: With increased severity of HIE and Birth asphyxia, serum sodium levels decreased, and serum potassium levels increased. Serum calcium levels decreased with the severity of birth asphyxia but did not decrease their HIE severity.
Management of Hypertension through Shodhana & Shamana Chikitsa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paraskar Vaishnavi , Sawarkar Punam , Sawarkar Gaurav 
Published: January 2022

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a complex disease that may affect other organs resulting in renal dysfunction, neuropathy, cerebral disorders, and many other complications. These are further complicated due to the side effects of established antihypertensive medicines used for it’s treatment. A significant rise in cases of hypertension has been noted in the era of modernization. Some alternative or adjuvant modalities require time for the prevention and management of hypertension. As per two basic modules of Ayurveda, i.e., Hetu, Linga, it is easy to correlate the Hypertension with multiple terminologies such as Shonitdushti, Raktavruuta Prana or Vyanavrutta Prana, etc. Using these principles of Ayurveda, treatment of hypertension is possible safely at a primary stage. Also, it can be used as an adjuvant in the management of advanced-stage disease. This meta-analysis reflects on Ayurvedic interventions like Shodhana or Shamana Chikitsa used to manage hypertension. This analysis included 14 clinical studies conducted on 995 participants at different places. Shodhana & Shamana Chikitsa were found to play a primary or adjuvant role in the effective management of hypertension. This study dictates the need for scientific multi-centric research on hypertension.
Variations of Influenza: A Review
Authors: Kale Aditi Ashokrao , Mahajan Shital 
Published: January 2022

The seasonal influenza or flu remains a major cause of illness and death all over the world. It is the transmissible viral disease that affects whole of the respiratory tract and its severity ranges from mild to severe. The activity of influenza virus shows great periodic rhythm in different areas of the globe where neither hot nor cold and it is very uncertain in equatorial region where temperature is high throughout the year indicating that climatic components can drives periodic rhythm. Seasonal variability in infectious disease conditions is one of the ancient studies in human bioscience, dating from at least archaic Greece. Each year around the globe despite decade of research and drug development, annual flu viruses constantly cause outbreaks of influenza. Albeit we are starting to recognize the mechanisms that support the emergence of annual flu microorganisms, the onset and character of the evolving recent viruses remains unexpected. The flu pandemic is an important cause of the sickness and death of the elderly. Decreased immune function plays an important role in the worst outcome. Several factors which impact on the severity of annual influenza includes characteristics of the specific virus, use of antiviral drugs, and vaccination of influenza. The population which has high chances of getting this serious illness are: gravid mother, kids below the 5 years of age, the older age group, people with persistent cases (such as long-standing heart disease, lung disease, kidney, digestive, neuropsychiatric, hepatic disease or blood related disorder) with people with low immune status (such as HIV / AIDS, taking chemotherapy or steroids. In cooler climates, occasional outbreaks take place predominantly in the cold climate, while in hot climates, colds can occur year-round, originates the unusual epidemic.
A Review on Biofilms
Authors: Katre Dishika Dewanad , Deb Mrinangka 
Published: January 2022

Formation of biofilm is the unusual way of survival for microbes forming the biofilm; pathogenic microbes increase their survival rate by showing resistance to the various antimicrobial therapy as well to other destroying agent. Establishment of biofilm vary from living to non-living surface that also includes the medical device and health care setting. Majority of the hospital born infection are due to the biofilm this occur due persistence of the biofilm on the medical device that lead to the spread of the infection among the patients. The biofilm also try to destroy the innate immunity of the host to which it cause infection. This review article describes the process of formation and the composition of biofilm. In most bacteria, formation of biofilm seems to happen in response to specific environmental stimulus and results in, formation or termination of biofilm matrix via the secondary messenger molecule c-di-GMP.
In between formation and termination of biofilm development we have determined biofilm stages, but the currently available data seems to indicate that these transformations are usually monitored not by specific genetic machinery but by adaptive responses. The formation of biofilm can occur by multiple pathways. The structure of the biofilms is specific to a particular species as well as dependent on environmental and physiological conditions. Various subgroups of bacteria e.g., motile and non-motile bacteria can interact during biofilm formation, and this type of interactions during the formation can affect biofilm constitution.
Spiral Growth of Adlayer Graphene
Authors: Sun Haibin , Kong Xiao , Park Hyoju , Liu Fengning , Lee Zonghoon , Ding Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe morphology of as‐grown graphene in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) experiments is sensitive to the reaction environment. Understanding the mechanism of formation of different graphene morphologies is essential to achieve controlled graphene CVD growth. Here the growth and formation mechanism of adlayer graphene spirals are reported. An adlayer graphene spiral is formed by fast propagation of the tips of spiral arms along the edge of the first graphene layer. The driving force to form spirals is the limited availability of carbon diffusing from the Cu surface through the edge of the first graphene layer. In addition, it is found that graphene onions are formed by overlapping graphene spirals with clockwise and anticlockwise arms. Based on these features, a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) method is demonstrated using which all the observed graphene spiral structures are successfully reproduced at the atomic level. This study thus unravels the hither‐to unresolved mechanism of graphene onion growth and paves the way to the controllable growth of few‐layer graphene by increasing the carbon supply at the edge of the first layer graphene.
Single‐Operation Decarboxylative Mannich Reaction/Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Cascade Process Directly Accesses 1,3‐Distereocentered β‐Sulfonamido Alcohols
Authors: Tang Yong , Liu Kaihong , Wu Ye , Zhou Siyu , Cheng Tanyu , Liu Guohua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of cooperative catalysis is of great significance for multi‐step sequential enantioselective organic transformations. However, the complicated subtle environments and inherent mutual deactivations of chiral dual catalysts pose a great challenge in a single operation. To address these issues, we here report the rational design of an integrated Cu/bisoxazoline and Ru/diamine co‐catalyst system, which enables a decarboxylative Mannich reaction/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation enantioselective cascade reaction for the direct preparation of 1,3‐distereocentered β‐sulfonamido alcohols. Through this cascade process, an initial Cu/bisoxazoline‐catalyzed decarboxylative Mannich reaction of a cyclic aldimine and a β‐keto acid to afford a chiral β‐sulfonamido ketone, followed by asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of this in situ generated ketone, produces a wide range of chiral β‐sulfonamido alcohols in 80–95% yields with 86–99% ee and 64:36–99:1 dr. Advantageous feature of this co‐catalyst system lies in the cooperative catalytic process, which greatly enhances the catalytic efficiency compared with the single‐step reactions, making it attractive for gaining direct access to the diastereoselective 1,3‐distereocenter.magnified image
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Furopyridine: Synthesis and the Cardiac Effects of Dictamnine Derivatives
Authors: Du Yufeng , Huang Linyu , Wang Neng , Li Xiaohuan , Zhou Xian‐Li , Zhang Lan , Huang Shuai , Walsh Patrick J. , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein is reported a Rh2(OAc)4/IMes ⋅ HCl system that promotes the chemoselective installation of aryl groups at the 2‐position of furo[2,3‐b]pyridine (53–94% yields). The method is applicable to the direct modification of the natural furoquinoline alkaloid dictamnine. The cardiac effects of the fluorinated analogues improved, compared to dictamnine at 160 μg/mL. Preliminary mechanism of action studies indicate that the effects might be related to epinephrine α receptors, M‐receptor, and calcium channel receptor.magnified image
Why is water illiquid?: The NQH2O water index futures
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wang Xiaoyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe newly launched water futures market faces a serious illiquidity problem with scarce trading volume. We examine the causes of the illiquidity based on the futures contract design literature and empirical analysis of spot water markets in the western United States. The primary cause of illiquidity is a lack of effective hedging demand for water futures due to the heterogeneity and limited size of spot water markets. The opaqueness of the water futures settlement index further deters the participation of traders. Moreover, the lack of public information on spot water market transactions also reduces its attraction to speculators.
Comparative analysis of apocarotenoids and phenolic constituents of Crocus sativus stigmas from 11 countries: Ecological impact
Authors: Mykhailenko Olha , Bezruk Ivan , Ivanauskas Liudas , Georgiyants Victoriya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe chemical compositions of 15 saffron samples from 11 countries (Morocco, India, Italy, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Iran, Lithuania, Ukraine, Australia, and Azerbaijan) were evaluated. The samples were analyzed regarding the impact of environmental factors on the composition of apocarotenoids and phenolic constituents. Quantification of saffron metabolites was carried out using high‐performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the high content of chlorogenic acid (0.2 mg/g, Ukraine) and ferulic acid (0.28 mg/g, India) was controlled by the duration of solar radiation during plant development. The accumulation of caffeic acid (the higher content 4.88 mg/g, Ukraine) in stigmas depended on the average air temperature. In contrast, the total crocins content according to the correlation analysis depended on the duration of solar radiation, the solar UV index, and the soil type. Rutin was found in all samples (0.83–8.74 mg/g). The highest amount of crocins (average 382.45 mg/g) accumulated in saffron from Italy and Ukraine. Crocins, picrocrocin, safranal, and rutin can further serve as saffron quality markers. All validation parameters were satisfactory and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods could be successfully applied for the composition assessment of saffron metabolites. Saffron extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli (MICs 62.5–125 µg/ml).
Sulfur/Nitrogen Co‐Doped In‐Plane Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Superior Anode of Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Guilan , Xu Anding , Zhong Fulan , Huang Chuyun , Sun Hao , Xu Zhiguang , Wu Songping , Yan Yurong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are regarded as prospective anode candidates of potassium‐ion batteries. However, the rate capability and cycling stability of classic carbon materials are still far from satisfactory. Herein, we exploit a facile and low‐cost strategy to enable the precise synthesis of sulfur/nitrogen co‐doped in‐plane porous carbon nanosheets with fishnet‐shaped microstructure (SN‐CNSs). The well‐designed in‐plane porous structure and the interconnected carbon flake network can accelerate the diffusion of potassium ions, alleviate volume expansion, and provide sufficient active sites. As a result, the SN‐CNSs deliver an impressively reversible capacity of 248 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 after 4500 cycles, and an excellent rate capacity of 137.3 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles under 5 A g−1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further verify the advantage of S/N co‐doping in the adsorption/diffusion of K‐ion in SN‐CNSs materials. Such an excellent performance shows that SN‐CNSs possess a great potential to be a superior anode of potassium‐ion batteries.
Unlocking the Hydrolytic Mechanism of GH92 α‐1,2‐Mannosidases: Computation Inspires the use of C‐Glycosides as Michaelis Complex Mimics
Authors: Alonso‐Gil Santiago , Parkan Kamil , Kaminský Jakub , Pohl Radek , Miyazaki Takatsugu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe conformational changes in a sugar moiety along the hydrolytic pathway are key to understand the mechanism of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and to design new inhibitors. The two predominant itineraries for mannosidases go via OS2→B2,5→1S5 and 3S1→3H4→1C4. For the CAZy family 92, the conformational itinerary was unknown. Published complexes of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron GH92 catalyst with a S‐glycoside and mannoimidazole indicate a 4C1→4H5/1S5→1S5 mechanism. However, as observed with the GH125 family, S‐glycosides may not act always as good mimics of GH's natural substrate. Here we present a cooperative study between computations and experiments where our results predict the E5→B2,5/1S5→1S5 pathway for GH92 enzymes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the Michaelis complex mimicry of a new kind of C‐disaccharides, whose biochemical applicability was still a chimera.
Environmental heterogeneity, dispersal mode and habitat specialisation modify within‐site beta diversity of spring macroinvertebrates
Authors: Šorfová Vanda , Poláková Martina , Bojková Jindřiška , Polášková Vendula , Schenková Jana , Horsák Michal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpring helocrenes are a unique aquatic environment with high biotic diversity. Although environmental heterogeneity has traditionally been assumed to explain the high species richness of spring habitats, this assumption has never been properly tested. Here, we sampled macroinvertebrates from two calcareous helocrenes in Slovakia with visually distinguishable mesohabitat heterogeneity. We hypothesise that macroinvertebrate beta diversity significantly increases with environmental heterogeneity even at a small within‐site spatial scale. We also examined four species‐trait categories, that is, active or passive dispersers and habitat specialists or generalists. Significant spatial structuring of environmental heterogeneity was found at one site, whereas the other site did not show a clear spatial pattern. Strong associations were found between beta diversity of all species trait categories and environmental heterogeneity at the first site, while there were virtually no associations at the second site. Specialists were not spatially structured at any of the sites examined. Our results suggest that invertebrate beta diversity responds positively to environmental heterogeneity at a site by also tracking spatial structuring of abiotic conditions. However, the response may vary depending on the dispersal mode and habitat specialisation of the invertebrates.
Inhibition of RUNX1 blocks the differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts
Authors: Dubey Shubham , Dubey Praveen K. , Umeshappa Channakeshava S. , Ghebre Yohannes T. , Krishnamurthy Prasanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPathological fibrosis contributes to progression of various diseases, for which the therapeutic options are limited. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one such progressive and fatal interstitial fibrotic disease that is often characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to stiff lung tissue and impaired gas exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IPF progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we determined the role of Runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, in the differentiation of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) in vitro and in an animal model of bleomycin (BLM)‐induced lung fibrosis. We observed that the expression of RUNX1 was significantly increased in the lungs of BLM‐injected mice as compared to saline‐treated mice. Furthermore, HLFs stimulated with transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) showed significantly higher RUNX1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and compartmentalization in the nucleus. Inhibition of RUNX1 in HLFs (using siRNA) showed a significant reduction in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as evidenced by reduced expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), TGF‐β and ECM proteins such as fibronectin 1 (FN1), and collagen 1A1 (COL1A1). Mechanistic studies revealed that the increased expression of RUNX1 in TGF‐β‐stimulated lung fibroblasts is due to enhanced mRNA stability of RUNX1 through selective interaction with the RNA‐binding profibrotic protein, human antigen R (HuR). Collectively, our data demonstrate that increased expression of RUNX1 augments processes involved in lung fibrosis including the differentiation of fibroblasts into collagen‐synthesizing myofibroblasts. Our study suggests that targeting RUNX1 could limit the progression of organ fibrosis in diseases characterized by abnormal collagen deposition.