bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement of older adults in STRIDE's multifactorial fall injury prevention intervention
Authors: McMahon Siobhan K. , Greene Erich J. , Latham Nancy , Peduzzi Peter , Gill Thomas M. , Bhasin Shalender , Reuben David B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based multifactorial fall prevention interventions in clinical practice have been less effective than expected. One plausible reason is that older adults' engagement in fall prevention care is suboptimal.MethodsThis was a post‐hoc analysis of 2403 older adults' engagement in a multifactorial fall prevention intervention in the Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE) pragmatic trial. Based on the direct clinical care level of the Patient and Family Continuum of Engagement (CE) framework, three indicators of progressively interactive engagement were assessed: (1) Consultation (receiving information), (2) Involvement (prioritizing risks), and (3) Partnership (identifying prevention actions). Drop off at each step was determined as well as predictors of engagement.ResultsThe participants' engagement waned with increasingly interactive CE domains. Although all participants received information about their positive fall risk factors (consultation) and most (51%–96%) prioritized them (involvement), fewer participants (33%–55%) identified fall prevention actions (partnership) for most of their risk factors, except for strength gait or balance problems (95%). More participants (70%) identified home exercises than other actions. Finally, fall prevention actions were identified more commonly among participants who received two visits compared to one (OR = 2.33 [95% CI, 2.06–2.64]), were ≥80 years old (OR = 1.83 [95% CI, 1.51–2.23]), and had fewer fall risk factors (OR = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83–0.99]).ConclusionsThe drop‐off in participants' engagement based on the level of their interaction with clinicians suggests that future multifactorial fall prevention interventions need to be more focused on interactive patient‐clinician partnerships that help older adults increase and maintain fall prevention actions. Our analyses suggest that more frequent contact with clinicians and more monitoring of the implementation and outcomes of Fall Prevention Care Plans could potentially improve engagement and help older adults maintain fall prevention actions.
Evaluation of a state‐wide effort to improve COVID‐19 infection control in Massachusetts nursing homes
Authors: Lipsitz Lewis A. , Kosar Cyrus , Dufour Alyssa B. , Travison Thomas G. , Mor Vincent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the deadly 2020 SARS‐CoV‐2 surge in nursing homes (NHs), Massachusetts (MA) initiated a multicomponent infection control intervention to mitigate its spread.MethodsWe aimed to assess the intervention's impact by comparing the weekly risk of PCR‐confirmed infections among MA NH residents to those in neighboring New England states, all managed similarly by a single NH provider. We studied 2085 residents in 20 MA NHs and 4493 residents in 45 comparator facilities. The intervention included: (1) A 28‐item infection control checklist of best practices, (2) incentive payments to NHs contingent on scoring ≥24 on the checklist, meeting 6 core competencies, testing residents and staff for SARS‐COV‐2 RNA, uploading data, and enabling virtual visits; (3) on‐site and virtual infection control consultations for deficient facilities; (4) 6 weekly webinars; (5) continuous communication with the MA Department of Public Health; and (6) access to personal protective equipment, temporary staff, and SARS‐CoV‐2 testing. Weekly rates of infection were adjusted for county COVID‐19 prevalence.ResultsThe adjusted risk of infection started higher in MA, but declined more rapidly in its NHs compared to similarly managed facilities in other states. The decline in infection risk during the early intervention period was 53% greater in MA than in Comparator States (state‐by‐time interaction HR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.37–0.59). By the late intervention period, the risk of infection continued to decline in both groups, and the change from baseline in MA was marginally greater than that in the Comparator States (interaction HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.64–1.00).ConclusionsThe MA NH intervention was associated with a more rapid reduction in the rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections compared to similarly managed NHs in neighboring states. Although several unmeasured factors may have confounded our results, implementation of the MA model may help rapidly reduce high rates of infection and prevent future COVID‐19 surges in NHs.
Molecular and structural characterization of a promiscuous chalcone synthase from the fern species Stenoloma chusanum
Authors: Ni Rong , Niu Meng , Fu Jie , Tan Hui , Zhu Ting‐Ting , Zhang Jing , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Zhang Peng , Li Jian‐Xu , Cheng Ai‐Xia 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe key enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway have been extensively studied in seed plants, but relatively less in ferns. In this study, two 4‐Coumarate: coenzyme A ligases (Sc4CL1 and Sc4CL2) and one novel chalcone synthase (ScCHS1) were functionally characterized by mining the Stenoloma chusanum transcriptome database. Recombinant Sc4CLs were able to esterify various hydroxycinnamic acids to corresponding acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA). ScCHS1 could catalyze p‐coumaroyl‐CoA, cinnamoyl‐CoA, caffeoyl‐CoA, and feruloyl‐CoA to form naringenin, pinocembrin, eriodictyol, and homoeriodictyol, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic kinetics studies revealed that the optimal substrates of ScCHS1 were feruloyl‐CoA and caffeoyl‐CoA, rather than p‐coumaroyl‐CoA, which was substantially different from the common CHSs. Crystallographic and site‐directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that the amino acid residues, Leu87, Leu97, Met165, and Ile200, located in the substrate‐binding pocket near the B‐ring of products, could exert a significant impact on the unique catalytic activity of ScCHS1. Furthermore, overexpression of ScCHS1 in tt4 mutants could partially rescue the mutant phenotypes. Finally, ScCHS1 and Sc4CL1 were used to synthesize flavanones and flavones with multi‐substituted hydroxyl and methoxyl B‐ring in Escherichia coli, which can effectively eliminate the need for the cytochrome P450 hydroxylation/O‐methyltransferase from simple phenylpropanoid acids. In summary, the identification of these important Stenoloma enzymes provides a springboard for the future production of various flavonoids in E. coli.
Burnout and impostor phenomenon in nursing and newly licensed registered nurses: A scoping review
Authors: Edwards‐Maddox Shermel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectiveTo identify the prevalence and severity of impostor phenomenon and burnout in newly licensed registered nurses, map the current literature on impostor phenomenon in nursing, and identify related factors affecting the new nurse's transition to practice.BackgroundImpostor phenomenon is an internalised intellectual phoniness resulting in persistent self‐doubt despite prior success. It can evoke feelings of emotional exhaustion associated with burnout, negatively affecting employee retention. Due to changes in nursing education resulting from COVID‐19, self‐doubt and uncertainty among new nurses are expected to be heightened, leading to burnout which adversely effects nurse well‐being, patient care and retention.DesignThe scoping review follows the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the Reporting Checklist for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines.MethodsThe literature search was conducted utilising PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were studies published between 2011 and 2021, written in English, peer‐reviewed, and focused on newly licensed registered nurses. Eighteen articles were reviewed.ResultsStudies on impostor phenomenon in nursing are limited to nursing students and clinical nurse specialists. Prevalence of impostor feelings in these populations range from 36% to 75%, and 12.3% to 46% of new nurses report burnout. Impostor feelings arise from role ambiguity, lack of self‐compassion, transitions, and minimal clinical experience. Burnout was associated with stress, feeling unprepared, inadequate socialisation, and lack of self‐compassion. Overlap in these factors could increase impostor feelings and burnout in new nurses.ConclusionsEffects of impostor phenomenon and burnout can negatively impact the well‐being of the new nurse. Currently, no studies simultaneously examine impostor phenomenon and burnout in new nurses. Further research on the relationship between these phenomena should be conducted.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the impact of impostor phenomenon and burnout on new nurses could help mitigate challenges they face transitioning into practice.
The diversity officer: Police officers' and black women civilians' epistemologies of race and racism in policing
Authors: Malone Gonzalez Shannon , Simon Samantha J. , Rogers Katie Kaufman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiversifying police forces has been suggested to improve “police-minority relations” amidst national uprisings against police violence. Yet, little research investigates how police and black civilians—two groups invoked in discourse on “police-minority relations”—understand the function of diversity interventions. We draw on 100 in-depth interviews with 60 black women civilians and 40 police from various racial and ethnic backgrounds to explore how they understand the function of racial diversity in policing. Findings highlight discrepancies in how these two groups frame the utility of racial diversity in policing, revealing conflicting epistemologies of race and racism. Police draw on an epistemology of racial ignorance (Mills 1997, 2007, 2015) to selectively accommodate race-conscious critique while denying the history and power dynamics between the institution and minority communities. Conversely, black women civilians, grounded in a standpoint epistemology (Collins, 1986, 2009), emphasize the historical roots of policing, along with collective memories, and lived experiences to understand the relationship between the institution and minority communities. Through a comparative analysis of these frames, we theorize dominant/state-sponsored discourse on diversity and police-minority relations as form of racecraft (Fields & Fields 2012, 2014) that serves to legitimize negligible institutional change to policing in an era of renewed scrutiny of police racism.
Racial equity in eligibility for a clean slate under automatic criminal record relief laws
Authors: Mooney Alyssa C. , Skog Alissa , Lerman Amy E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStates have begun to pass legislation to provide automatic relief for eligible criminal records, potentially reducing the lifelong collateral consequences of criminal justice involvement. Yet numerous historical examples suggest that racially neutral policies can have profoundly disparate effects across racial groups. In the case of criminal record relief, racial equity in eligibility for a clean slate has not yet been examined. We find that in California, one in five people with convictions met criteria for full conviction relief under the state's automatic relief laws. Yet the share of Black Americans eligible for relief was lower than White Americans, reproducing racial disparities in criminal records. We identify two policy amendments that would reduce the share of Black men in California with convictions on their criminal records from 22% to 9%, thereby narrowing the difference compared to White men from 15 to seven percentage points. Put another way, an additional one in seven Black men currently has a conviction record, compared to their White counterparts. This would decline to an additional one in 14 if both hypothetical policy amendments were incorporated. We close with discussion of criminal history data quality limitations, which pose a second key challenge to equitable implementation of automatic criminal record relief reforms nationwide.
FoxR is an AraC‐like transcriptional regulator of ferrioxamine uptake in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Saldaña‐Ahuactzi Zeus , Knodler Leigh A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSalmonella enterica spp. produce siderophores to bind iron with high affinity and can also use three xenosiderophores secreted by other microorganisms, ferrichrome, coprogen, and ferrioxamine. Here we focused on FoxA, a TonB‐dependent transporter of ferrioxamines. Adjacent to foxA is a gene annotated as a helix‐turn‐helix (HTH) domain‐containing protein, SL0358 (foxR), in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 genome. FoxR shares homology with transcriptional regulators belonging to the AraC/XylS family. foxR is syntenic with foxA in the Enterobacteriaceae family, suggesting their functional relatedness. Both foxA and foxR are repressed by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) under iron‐rich growth conditions. When iron is scarce, FoxR acts as a transcriptional activator of foxA by directly binding to its upstream regulatory region. A point mutation in the HTH domain of FoxR abolished this binding, as did mutation of a direct repeat motif in the foxA upstream regulatory region. Desferrioxamine (DFOE) enhanced FoxR protein stability and foxA transcription but did not affect the affinity of FoxR binding to the foxA regulatory region. In summary, we have identified FoxR as a new member of the AraC/XylS family that regulates xenosiderophore‐mediated iron uptake by S. Typhimurium and likely other Enterobacteriaceae members.
Fine‐tuning OsCPK18/OsCPK4 activity via genome editing of phosphorylation motif improves rice yield and immunity
Authors: Li Hong , Zhang Yun , Wu Caiyun , Bi Jinpeng , Chen Yache , Jiang Changjin , Cui Miaomiao , Chen Yuedan , Hou Xin , Yuan Meng , Xiong Lizhong , Yang Yinong , Xie Kabin 
Published: August 2022

SummaryPlants have evolved complex signalling networks to regulate growth and defence responses under an ever‐changing environment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth‐defence tradeoff are largely unclear. We previously reported that rice CALCIUM‐DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 18 (OsCPK18) and MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 5 (OsMPK5) mutually phosphorylate each other and that OsCPK18 phosphorylates and positively regulates OsMPK5 to suppress rice immunity. In this study, we found that OsCPK18 and its paralog OsCPK4 positively regulate plant height and yield‐related traits. Further analysis reveals that OsCPK18 and OsMPK5 synergistically regulate defence‐related genes but differentially regulate development‐related genes. In vitro and in vivo kinase assays demonstrated that OsMPK5 phosphorylates C‐terminal threonine (T505) and serine (S512) residues of OsCPK18 and OsCPK4, respectively. The kinase activity of OsCPK18T505D, in which T505 was replaced by aspartic acid to mimic T505 phosphorylation, displayed less calcium sensitivity than that of wild‐type OsCPK18. Interestingly, editing the MAPK phosphorylation motif in OsCPK18 and its paralog OsCPK4, which deprives OsMPK5‐mediated phosphorylation but retains calcium‐dependent activation of kinase activity, simultaneously increases rice yields and immunity. This editing event also changed the last seven amino acid residues of OsCPK18 and attenuated its binding with OsMPK5. This study presents a new regulatory circuit that fine tunes the growth‐defence tradeoff by modulating OsCPK18/4 activity and suggests that CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated engineering phosphorylation pathways could simultaneously improve crop yield and immunity.
The kidney allocation system and pediatric transplantation at 5 years
Authors: Engen Rachel M. , Smith Jodi M. , Bartosh Sharon M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA new Kidney Allocation System (KAS) was implemented in the United States in 2014 with the goal of improving equity and utility.MethodsIn this study, we compare outcomes for kidney‐alone candidates less than 18 years of age, at the time of listing, in the 5 years prior to and following policy implementation using Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data.ResultsWhile the pediatric deceased donor transplant rate increased under KAS, this increase was due solely to improved access for children aged 11–17 years; there was an 18.9% decrease in the deceased donor transplant rate among children 0–5 years old, from 117.94 to 95.8 transplants per 100 person‐years (p = .001). The cumulative incidence of deceased donor transplantation by 1 year after listing decreased from 39.3% in the pre‐KAS era to 35.5% in the post‐KAS era (p = .004), a decline that was driven entirely by longer wait times for children 0–5 years old (p = .017). Candidates with a calculated panel reactive antibody of 98%–100% experienced a significant increase in transplant rate, but there was no change in transplant rate for Black or Hispanic candidates.ConclusionOverall, KAS increased transplantation access for teenaged and highly sensitized candidates but resulted in decreased access for the youngest children with no improvement in racial/ethnic equality.
Aberrant OCIAD2 demethylation in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with outcome
Authors: Maki Masahiro , JeongMin Hong , Nakagawa Tomoki , Kawai Hitomi , Sakamoto Noriaki , Sato Yukio , Noguchi Masayuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOverexpression of OCIAD2 in lung adenocarcinoma has already been reported in several research articles, but the molecular mechanism involved remains unknown. Promoter CpG methylation is a representative form of epigenetic gene regulation, and a considerable number of tumor suppressor genes show hypermethylation in many cancers. In contrast, promoter CpG hypomethylation causes oncogene overexpression, resulting in carcinogenesis and malignant progression. In the present study, we investigated the CpG methylation and expression status of OCIAD2 using tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from seven cases of lung adenocarcinoma. We also examined the relationship between CpG methylation status and outcome in 58 patients with adenocarcinoma. Pyrosequencing showed that CpG sites in OCIAD2 promoter regions were more frequently demethylated in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed overexpression of OCIAD2 in lung adenocarcinoma. There was a correlation between OCIAD2 CpG demethylation and the level of mRNA expression, and statistical analysis showed that CpG hypomethylation of OCIAD2 was associated with poor outcomes. Our results suggest that overexpression of OCIAD2 might be caused mainly by CpG hypomethylation and that OCIAD2 methylation status might be a useful prognostic indicator in lung adenocarcinoma.
Can computer‐assisted implant surgery improve clinical outcomes and reduce the frequency and intensity of complications in implant dentistry? A critical review
Authors: Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Jiaranuchart Sirimanas , Kaboosaya Boosana , Arunjaroensuk Sirida , Subbalekha Keskanya , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComputer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS), either static or dynamic, is well documented to significantly improve the accuracy of implant placement. Whether the increased accuracy leads to a corresponding improvement in clinical outcomes has not yet been systematically investigated. The aim of this critical review was to investigate whether the use of CAIS can lead to reduction of complications as well as improved clinical and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) when compared with conventional freehand implant surgery. A comprehensive online search was conducted to identify studies where implants were installed with static computer‐assisted implant surgery (s‐CAIS)or dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery(d‐CAIS) or combinations of the two, either compared with conventional free‐hand implant placement or not. Seventy‐seven studies were finally included in qualitative analysis, while data from three studies assessing postsurgical pain were suitable for a meta‐analysis. Only a small number of the available studies were comparative. The current evidence does not suggest any difference with regard to intraoperative complications, immediate postsurgical healing, osseointegration success, and survival of implants placed with CAIS or freehand protocols. Intraoperative and early healing events as reported by patients in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) did not differ significantly between CAIS used with flap elevation and conventional implant placement. There is limited evidence that increased accuracy of placement with CAIS is correlated with superior esthetic outcomes. Use of CAIS does not significantly reduce the length of surgeries in cases of single implants and partially edentulous patients, although there appears to be a more favorable impact in fully edentulous patients. Although CAIS alone does not seem to improve healing and the clinical and PRO, to the extent that it can increase the utilization of flapless surgery and predictability of immediacy protocols, its use may indirectly lead to substantial improvements in all of the above parameters.
Keeping policy commitments: An organizational capability approach to local green housing equity
Authors: Deslatte Aaron , Kim Serena , Hawkins Christopher V. , Stokan Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAffordable housing that incorporates sustainability goals into its design has the potential to address both health and economic disparities via enhanced energy‐efficiency, structural durability and indoor environmental quality. Despite the potential for these win‐win advances, survey data of U.S. local governments indicate these types of equity investments remain rare. This study explores barriers and pathways to distributional equity via energy‐efficient housing. Using archival city sustainability survey data collected during a period of heightened U.S. federal investment in local government energy‐efficiency programs, we combine machine learning (ML) and process‐tracing approaches for modeling the complex drivers and barriers underlying these decisions. First, we ask, how do characteristics of a city's organizational learning methods—its administrative structure, past experience with housing programs, resources, stakeholder engagement and planning—predict policy commitments to green affordable housing? Using ensemble ML methods, we find that three specific modes of organizational learning—past experience with affordable housing programs, seeking assistance from neighborhood groups and the technical expertise of professional green organizations—are the most impactful features in determining city commitments to constructing green affordable housing. Our second stage uses process‐tracing within a specific case identified by the ML models to determine the ordering of these factors and to provide more nuance on green‐housing policy implementation.