bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A long noncoding RNA functions in high-light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple by activating ethylene synthesis
Authors: Yu Jiaxuan , Qiu Kainan , Sun Wenjing , Yang Tuo , Wu Ting , Song Tingting , Zhang Jie , Yao Yuncong , Tian Ji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Anthocyanin production in apple (Malus domestica) fruit and their consequent coloration can be induced by high-light treatment. The hormone ethylene is also essential for this coloration, but the regulatory relationships that link ethylene and light with anthocyanin-associated coloration are not well defined. In this study, we observed that high-light treatment of apple fruit increased anthocyanin accumulation more than moderate-light treatment did and was the main contributor of induced ethylene production and activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. A transcriptome study of light-treated apple fruit suggested that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), MdLNC610, the corresponding gene of which is physically located downstream from the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ACO) ethylene biosynthesis gene MdACO1, likely affects anthocyanin biosynthesis under high-light treatment. Expression and promoter β-glucuronidase reporter analyses further showed that MdLNC610 upregulates expression of MdACO1 and so likely participates in high-light-induced ethylene biosynthesis. Overexpression of MdACO1 and MdLNC610 in apple fruit and calli indicated that a major increase in MdLNC610 expression activates MdACO1 expression, thereby causing an increase in ethylene production and anthocyanin levels. These results suggest that MdLNC610 participates in the regulation of high-light-induced anthocyanin production by functioning as a positive regulator to promote MdACO1 expression and ethylene biosynthesis. Our study provides insights into the relationship between mRNA and lncRNA networks in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit.
The Puzzle of Functional Recovery in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders—Replicating a Network Analysis Study
Authors: Moura Bernardo Melo , Isvoranu Adela-Maria , Kovacs Veronika , Van Rooijen Geeske , Van Amelsvoort Therese , Simons Claudia J P , Bartels-Velthuis Agna A , Bakker P Roberto , Marcelis Machteld , De Haan Lieuwe , Schirmbeck Frederike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and hypothesisRecovery from psychosis is a complex phenomenon determined by an array of variables mutually impacting each other in a manner that is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to perform an approximated replication of a previous network analysis study investigating how different clinical aspects—covering psychopathology, cognition, personal resources, functional capacity, and real-life functioning—are interrelated in the context of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.Study designA sample of 843 subjects from a multisite cohort study, with the diagnosis of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, was used to estimate a network comprising 27 variables. The connectivity and relative importance of the variables was examined through network analysis. We used a quantitative and qualitative approach to infer replication quality.Study resultsFunctional capacity and real-life functioning were central and bridged different domains of the network, in line with the replicated study. Neurocognition, interpersonal relationships, and avolition were also key elements of the network, in close relation to aspects of functioning. Despite significant methodological differences, the current study could substantially replicate previous findings.ConclusionsResults solidify the network analysis approach in the context of mental disorders and further inform future studies about key variables in the context of recovery from psychotic disorders.
Cross-Disorder Analysis of Shared Genetic Components Between Cortical Structures and Major Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Li Zongchang , Li David , He Ying , Wang Kangli , Ma Xiaoqian , Chen Xiaogang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Although large-scale neuroimaging studies have demonstrated similar patterns of structural brain abnormalities across major psychiatric disorders, the underlying genetic etiology behind these similar cross-disorder patterns is not well understood.

Study Design
We quantified the extent of shared genetic components between cortical structures and major psychiatric disorders (CS-MPD) by using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 70 cortical structures (surface area and thickness of the whole cortex and 34 cortical regions) and five major psychiatric disorders, consisting of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Cross-disorder analyses were then conducted to estimate the degree of similarity in CS-MPD shared genetic components among these disorders.

Study Results
The CS-MPD shared genetic components have medium-to-strong positive correlations in ADHD, BD, MDD, and SCZ (r = 0.415 to r = 0.806) while ASD was significantly correlated with ADHD, BD, and SCZ (r = 0.388 to r = 0.403). These pairwise correlations of CS-MPD shared genetic components among disorders were significantly associated with corresponding cross-disorder similarities in cortical structural abnormalities (r = 0.668), accounting for 44% variance. In addition, one latent shared factor consisted primarily of BD, MDD, and SCZ, explaining 62.47% of the total variance in CS-MPD shared genetic components of all disorders.

Conclusions
The current results bridge the gap between shared cross-disorder heritability and shared structural brain abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders, providing important implications for a shared genetic basis of cortical structures in these disorders.
Symptom Structure in Schizophrenia: Implications of Latent Variable Modeling vs Network Analysis
Authors: Abplanalp Samuel J , Green Michael F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The structure of schizophrenia symptoms has a substantial impact on the development of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. Typically, reflective latent variable models (eg, confirmatory factor analysis) or formative latent variable models (eg, principal component analysis) have been used to examine the structure of schizophrenia symptoms. More recently, network analysis is appearing as a method to examine symptom structure. However, latent variable modeling and network analysis results can lead to different inferences about the nature of symptoms. Given the critical role of correctly identifying symptom structure in schizophrenia treatment and research, we present an introduction to latent variable modeling and network analysis, along with their distinctions and implications for examining the structure of schizophrenia symptoms. We also provide a simulation demonstration highlighting the statistical equivalence between these models and the subsequent importance of an a priori rationale that should help guide model selection.
Stigmatizing Terminology for Outcomes and Processes (STOP) in Alcohol Research: A Meta-epidemiologic Assessment of Language Used in Clinical Trial Publications
Authors: Hartwell Micah , Lin Vanessa , Hester Mackenzee , Sajjadi Nicholas B. , Dunn Kelly , Morris James , Witkiewitz Katie 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Stigmatizing language used to describe patients and medical conditions is associated with poorer health outcomes. A recent investigation showed that approximately 80% of medical literature focused on alcohol use disorder (AUD) contained stigmatizing terms related to individuals; however, the quantification of stigmatizing terminology for outcomes and processes (STOP) among AUD research is unknown. Thus, our primary objective was to evaluate publications of clinical trials for their inclusion of STOP.

Methods
We performed a systematic search of PubMed for AUD clinical trials between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2021. Article screening and data extraction were performed in a masked, duplicate manner by 2 investigators. We searched the full text of included manuscripts for STOP. We reported the frequency and percentage of manuscripts with STOP and individual terms. We evaluated associations between STOP usage and several clinical trial characteristics via logistic regression.

Results
Our search returned 1552 articles, which were then randomized and the first 500 were screened for inclusion. Of 147 included articles, 115 (78.2%) included STOP. The most common STOP were “drop out” (38.78%; 57/147), “relapse” (36.05%; 53/ 147), and “adherent, nonadherence” (35.37%; 52/147). No significant associations were found between STOP usage and trial characteristics.

Discussion
STOP was found in a majority of AUD clinical trial publications. As AUD is highly stigmatized, steps should be taken to eliminate usage of STOP in literature pertaining to AUD treatments. Many stigmatizing terms can be replaced by person-centered, more clinically accurate terms to further combat AUD stigma.
Postpartum Length of Stay and Hospital Readmission Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Handley Sara C. , Gallagher Kieran , Lindgren Eric , Lo Justin Y. , Burris Heather H. , Dysart Kevin C. , Greenspan Jay , Culhane Jennifer F. , Son Moeun 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To compare postpartum hospitalization length of stay (LOS) and hospital readmission among obstetric patients before (March 2017–February 2020; prepandemic) and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March 2020–February 2021).

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using Epic Systems' Cosmos research platform, of obstetric patients who delivered between March 1, 2017, and February 28, 2021, at 20–44 weeks of gestation and were discharged within 7 days of delivery. The primary outcome was short postpartum hospitalization LOS (less than two midnights for vaginal births and less than three midnights for cesarean births) and secondary outcome was hospital readmission within 6 weeks of postpartum hospitalization discharge. Analyses compared outcomes before and during the pandemic using standardized differences and Bayesian logistic mixed-effects models, among all births and stratified by mode of delivery.

RESULTS:
Of the 994,268 obstetric patients in the study cohort, 742,113 (74.6%) delivered prepandemic and 252,155 (25.4%) delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the percentage of short postpartum hospitalizations increased among all births (28.7–44.5%), vaginal births (25.4–39.5%), and cesarean births (35.3–55.1%), which was consistent with the adjusted analysis (all births: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.35, 99% credible interval 2.32–2.39; vaginal births: aOR 2.14, 99% credible interval 2.11–2.18; cesarean births aOR 2.90, 99% credible interval 2.83–2.98). Although short postpartum hospitalizations were more common during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no change in readmission in the unadjusted (1.4% vs 1.6%, standardized difference=0.009) or adjusted (aOR 1.02, 99% credible interval 0.97–1.08) analyses for all births or when stratified by mode of delivery.

CONCLUSION:
Short postpartum hospitalization LOS was significantly more common during the COVID-19 pandemic for obstetric patients with no change in hospital readmissions within 6 weeks of postpartum hospitalization discharge. The COVID-19 pandemic created a natural experiment, suggesting shorter postpartum hospitalization may be reasonable for patients who are self-identified or health care professional–identified as appropriate for discharge.
Patient-Centered Safety Outcomes After Hysteroscopic Compared With Laparoscopic Sterilization
Authors: Gariepy Aileen M. , Lewis Carrie , Zuckerman Diana , Tancredi Daniel J. , Murphy Eryn , McDonald-Mosley Raegan , Sonalkar Sarita , Hathaway Mark , Nunez-Eddy Claudia , Schwarz Eleanor Bimla 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the real-world safety of hysteroscopic compared with laparoscopic surgical sterilization.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicaid claims for hysteroscopic or laparoscopic sterilization procedures performed in California, 2008–2014, among women aged 18–50 years. After excluding postpartum procedures, we applied log-linear (Poisson) event-history regression models for clustered person-period data, weighted for propensity to receive either sterilization procedures, and adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that may affect outcomes of interest to patients and physicians. We assessed the following outcomes: procedural complications, additional surgical procedures (eg, hysterectomy), repeat sterilization procedures, pelvic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), abdominal pain, nonabdominal pain, and abnormal uterine bleeding.

RESULTS:
We identified 5,906 women who had undergone hysteroscopic and 23,965 who had undergone laparoscopic sterilization. After adjusting for sociodemographic and health history, women who had hysteroscopic sterilization were less likely to have claims for procedural complications (eg, transfusion, P<.001) on the day of surgical sterilization and additional surgical procedures (eg, hysterectomy, P=.002 at day 2–3 months postprocedure) than laparoscopic sterilization. Claims for a repeat attempt at sterilization were more common after hysteroscopic sterilization within 1 year (adjusted incident rate ratio 3.48, 95% CI 2.69–4.27) and within 5 years (adjusted incident rate ratio 2.32, 95% CI 1.84–2.79) than laparoscopic sterilization. Claims for pelvic pain (adjusted incident rate ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.65–0.92 at 2 years), abdominal pain (adjusted incident rate ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.93 at 7–12 months), and PID (adjusted incident rate ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.93 at 2 years) were less common after hysteroscopic than laparoscopic sterilization. Although abnormal uterine bleeding claims were more common after hysteroscopic than laparoscopic sterilization up to 12 months postprocedure (adjusted incident rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.06–1.77 at 7–12 months), there were no significant differences between methods 1 year after the procedure.

CONCLUSION:
Compared with laparoscopic sterilization, hysteroscopic sterilization was followed by more claims for repeat sterilization procedures and abnormal uterine bleeding, but fewer procedural complications and fewer claims for pelvic or abdominal pain.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03438682.
Sensitivity of Vowel-Evoked Envelope Following Responses to Spectra and Level of Preceding Phoneme Context
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Boothalingam Sriram , Wilson Emily 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Vowel-evoked envelope following responses (EFRs) could be a useful noninvasive tool for evaluating neural activity phase-locked to the fundamental frequency of voice (f
0). Vowel-evoked EFRs are often elicited by vowels in consonant-vowel syllables or words. Considering neural activity is susceptible to temporal masking, EFR characteristics elicited by the same vowel may vary with the features of the preceding phoneme. To this end, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the spectral and level characteristics of the preceding phoneme context on vowel-evoked EFRs.

Design:
EFRs were elicited by a male-spoken /i/ (stimulus; duration = 350 msec), modified to elicit two EFRs, one from the region of the first formant (F1) and one from the second and higher formants (F2+). The stimulus, presented at 65 dB SPL, was preceded by one of the four contexts: /∫/, /m/, /i/ or a silent gap of duration equal to that of the stimulus. The level of the context phonemes was either 50 or 80 dB SPL, 15 dB lower and higher than the level of the stimulus /i/. In a control condition, EFRs to the stimulus /i/ were elicited in isolation without any preceding phoneme contexts. The stimulus and the contexts were presented monaurally to a randomly chosen test ear in 21 young adults with normal hearing. EFRs were recorded using single-channel electroencephalogram between the vertex and the nape.

Results:
A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a significant three-way interaction between context type (/∫/, /i/, /m/, silent gap), level (50, 80 dB SPL), and EFR-eliciting formant (F1, F2+). Post hoc analyses indicated no influence of the preceding phoneme context on F1-elicited EFRs. Relative to a silent gap as the preceding context, F2+-elicited EFRs were attenuated by /∫/ and /m/ presented at 50 and 80 dB SPL, as well as by /i/ presented at 80 dB SPL. The average attenuation ranged from 14.9 to 27.9 nV. When the context phonemes were presented at matched levels of 50 or 80 dB SPL, F2+-elicited EFRs were most often attenuated when preceded by /∫/. At 80 dB SPL, relative to the silent preceding gap, the average attenuation was 15.7 nV, and at 50 dB SPL, relative to the preceding context phoneme /i/, the average attenuation was 17.2 nV.

Conclusion:
EFRs elicited by the second and higher formants of /i/ are sensitive to the spectral and level characteristics of the preceding phoneme context. Such sensitivity, measured as an attenuation in the present study, may influence the comparison of EFRs elicited by the same vowel in different consonant-vowel syllables or words. However, the degree of attenuation with realistic context levels exceeded the minimum measurable change only 12% of the time. Although the impact of the preceding context is statistically significant, it is likely to be clinically insignificant a majority of the time.
Immunohistochemistry for Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma in the Differential Diagnosis of Melanocytic Lesions of the Nail Apparatus
Authors: Krajisnik Andrea , Gharavi Nima M. , Faries Mark B. , Balzer Bonnie L. , Frishberg David P. , Martelli Matthew , Shon Wonwoo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Nail unit melanocytic lesions present a unique set of diagnostic challenges because of the unfamiliarity with clinical assessment and the lack of experience with histologic examination. Because the first surgical specimen received in the pathology laboratory is typically small, sometimes suboptimal biopsy, the distinction between melanoma and its histologic mimics can be difficult. For this reason, there has been a continued interest in the development of ancillary markers that may assist in the differential diagnosis of nail unit melanocytic lesions. Upregulation of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been reported to be a common event in melanomas, and PRAME immunohistochemistry has been shown to be helpful in evaluating various melanocytic neoplasms. In this study, we evaluated PRAME protein expression in a series of nail unit melanocytic lesions. Twenty-five nail unit melanomas (including small biopsy and amputation specimens) and 32 control benign melanocytic lesions were retrospectively retrieved. Nuclear PRAME staining was scored as percentage and intensity labeling. All melanoma cases showed the nuclear expression of PRAME, which was usually diffuse and strong. In specimens where the neoplastic cells are limited in number, the staining was restricted to the tumor cells, corresponding to the initial H&E impression. All control cases were negative for PRAME expression. PRAME expression is helpful in distinguishing between melanomas and other nail unit melanocytic lesions. This antibody also proved to be diagnostically valuable in detecting melanoma cells in small specimens with minimal disease.
BRAF Immunoexpression Can Be Intralesionally Heterogeneous but BRAF V600E Mutation Status Is Intralesionally Homogeneous and Interlesionally Concordant in Melanoma: A Study of 140 Lesions From 98 Patients
Authors: Tachibana Kota , Goto Keisuke , Kukita Yoji , Honma Keiichiro , Isei Taiki , Sugihara Satoru , Taniguchi Kohei , Yamasaki Osamu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
This study sought to confirm the homogeneity of BRAF V600E mutation status in melanoma. BRAF immunohistochemistry was performed on 102 lesions from 60 patients of melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation and 38 negative-control melanoma lesions from 38 patients, both of which were confirmed by real-time PCR or the MassARRAY System. In the positive-control lesions, 9 lesions from 7 patients with preceding BRAF-inhibitor therapy were included. Of the 102 BRAF-mutant lesions, 101 (99.0%) showed diffuse BRAF immunoexpression, but 39 (38.2%) of them showed various heterogeneous intensities. The heterogeneous intensity of immunostaining was due to necrosis (n = 10), minimal or clear cytoplasm (n = 5), tissue crush (n = 8), insufficient fixation (n = 24), or technical error (n = 4). Only 1 lesion (1.0%) with nondiffuse immunoexpression harbored 80% weakly BRAF-positive tumor area and 20% BRAF-negative area with tissue damage. Sanger sequencing performed on the weak or negative regions in 7 lesions revealed BRAF V600E mutation in all the tested lesions. By contrast, all 38 negative-control lesions demonstrated no BRAF immunoexpression. This study demonstrated intralesional homogeneity and interlesional concordance for BRAF V600E mutation status and intralesional frequent heterogeneity for BRAF immunoexpression. The abovementioned 5 phenomena caused substantial reduction in BRAF immunostaining intensity. In 9 lesions within this study, BRAF immunoexpression and BRAF V600E point mutation status were not affected by preceding BRAF inhibitor therapy. Our data would also support the position that it does not matter whether we select primary or metastatic samples for BRAF mutation analysis.
Feasibility of Smartphone Application in Plastic Surgery Operative Assessments
Authors: Almufarrej Faisal , O’Brien Matthew , Shahait Awni , Nava Guillermina 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The evaluation model of operative competence is based on aggregate tabulations of procedures and end-of-rotation feedback from faculty members. Procedural tabulations do not detail the level of resident involvement in the case, and end of rotation feedback is infrequent and inaccurate due to the necessity of long-term recall. Smart phone-based evaluation systems provide residents with immediate and permanent feedback for surgical encounters. In this study, we examine the feasibility of smart phone-based evaluations in plastic surgery residency.

Methods:
This was a 6-month prospective, single institution pilot study at three teaching hospitals, assessing all PGY levels. We utilized our department mobile application (Wayne State University Surgery Department application), which includes intraoperative evaluations based on the Zwisch scale. Prestudy and poststudy surveys were conducted. An unstructured interview of the Clinical Competency Committee provided feedback for the new evaluation tool against the previous evaluation forms.

Results:
Eleven physicians participated in the study, resulting in 126 encounters and 184 procedures. A 10-question prestudy survey was given with answers ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The Clinical Competency Committee faculty ranked the prestudy resident assessment tool 2.82 of 5, whereas the poststudy survey scored 4.64 of 5.

Conclusions:
Residents and faculty both rated the smartphone application as a useful tool for evaluating residents. The success of the application proves its feasibility within plastic surgery residency and may play an important role in rating resident operative competency in the future.