bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration intent among Jordanian medical students: a nationwide cross-sectional investigation
Authors: Omar Yousef , Al Refaei Assem , Al-Qawasmeh Abdallah Raed , Ghazzal Hamza , Kalbouneh Heba 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose of the study
To investigate postgraduation emigration intents of medical students throughout different years and different universities in Jordan.

Study design
This cross-sectional study was conducted via an online self-administered questionnaire from medical students in six schools of medicine in Jordan. Our questionnaire included two sections with questions regarding sociodemographic, intentions and reasons behind residency and fellowship abroad, and views on Jordanian residency programmes.

Results
Of a sample of 1006, 55.7% were females, and 90.7% were holding Jordanian citizenship. 85% and 63% of respondents intended to pursue residency and fellowship abroad, respectively. Intention to continue residency abroad was associated with males, expatriates and those living in urban areas. The main three destinations were the USA (37.4%), UK (22.3%) and Germany (16.6%). 30% of respondents intended to leave the country permanently, because of low salaries, poor education and lower ranking of Jordan residency programmes. When asked about ranking Jordanian residency programmes, it was found that on average, students ranked military hospitals first and government hospitals last with university hospitals being in second place and private hospitals in third.

Conclusion
Unfortunately, a striking number of Jordanian medical students intended to leave the country postgraduation, which points towards the necessity for Ministry of health to take immediate actions to reduce the loss of our best students.
Antibody response to the COVID-19 ChAdOx1nCov-19 and BNT162b vaccines after temporary suspension of DMARD therapy in immune-mediated inflammatory disease (RESCUE)
Authors: Tran Ai Phuong , Tassone Daniel , Nossent Johannes , Ding Nik Sheng 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the antibody response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy after the first and second dose of the ChAdOx1nCov-19 (AstraZeneca (AZ)) and BNT162b (Pfizer) vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) compared with controls and if withholding therapy following the first vaccination dose has any effect on seroconversion and SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) levels.MethodsA multicentre three-arm randomised controlled trial compared the immunogenicity of the Pfizer and AZ vaccines in adult patients on conventional synthetic (csDMARD), biologic (bDMARD) or targeted synthetic (tsDMARD) therapy for IMID (n=181) with a control group (n=59). Patients were randomised to continue or withhold DMARD therapy for 1–2 weeks post first dose vaccination only. Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection (IgG ≥1.0 U/mL) and titres against the S1/S2 proteins were measured at baseline, 3–4 weeks post first vaccination and 4 weeks post second vaccination.ResultsAZ vaccination was given to 47.5%, 41.5% and 52.5% in the continue, withhold and control groups, respectively while Pfizer vaccination was given to 52.5%, 58.5% and 47.5% among the continue, withhold and control groups, respectively. Seroconversion rates following the first dose in the AZ and Pfizer groups were only 27.3% vs 79.2% (p=0.000) and 64.58% vs 100% (p=0.000), respectively in the IMID groups who continued therapy compared with the AZ and Pfizer controls, respectively. Withholding DMARD therapy following the first vaccination dose resulted in higher seroconversion to 67.7% and 84.1% in the AZ and Pfizer groups, respectively. Following the second AZ and Pfizer vaccinations when all DMARDs were continued, despite a slightly lower seroconversion rate (83.7% vs 100%, p=0.000 and 95.9% vs 100%, p=0.413), respectively, the mean SARS-CoV2 IgG Ab titres were not significantly different in the csDMARD and bDMARD groups compared with the controls regardless of hold while it was significantly lower in patients taking tsDMARD (12.88 vs 79.49 U/mL, p=0.000).ConclusionsFollowing the first vaccination dose, antibody responses were lower in IMID on DMARD therapy, however the final responses were excellent regardless of hold with the exception of the tsDMARD group where withholding therapy is recommended. At least 2 vaccinations are therefore recommended preferably with an messenger RNA vaccine.Trial registration numberANZCTR: 12621000661875.
Relationship between impaired BMP signalling and clinical risk factors at early-stage vascular injury in the preterm infant
Authors: Heydarian Motaharehsadat , Oak Prajakta , Zhang Xin , Kamgari Nona , Kindt Alida , Koschlig Markus , Pritzke Tina , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Erika , Förster Kai , Morty Rory E , Häfner Friederike , Hübener Christoph , Flemmer Andreas W , Yildirim Ali Oender , Sudheendra Deepti , Tian Xuefei , Petrera Agnese , Kirsten Holger , Ahnert Peter , Morrell Nick , Desai Tushar J , Sucre Jennifer , Spiekerkoetter Edda , Hilgendorff Anne 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionChronic lung disease, that is, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication in preterm infants and develops as a consequence of the misguided formation of the gas-exchange area undergoing prenatal and postnatal injury. Subsequent vascular disease and its progression into pulmonary arterial hypertension critically determines long-term outcome in the BPD infant but lacks identification of early, disease-defining changes.MethodsWe link impaired bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling to the earliest onset of vascular pathology in the human preterm lung and delineate the specific effects of the most prevalent prenatal and postnatal clinical risk factors for lung injury mimicking clinically relevant conditions in a multilayered animal model using wild-type and transgenic neonatal mice.ResultsWe demonstrate (1) the significant reduction in BMP receptor 2 (BMPR2) expression at the onset of vascular pathology in the lung of preterm infants, later mirrored by reduced plasma BMP protein levels in infants with developing BPD, (2) the rapid impairment (and persistent change) of BMPR2 signalling on postnatal exposure to hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation, aggravated by prenatal cigarette smoke in a preclinical mouse model and (3) a link to defective alveolar septation and matrix remodelling through platelet derived growth factor-receptor alpha deficiency. In a treatment approach, we partially reversed vascular pathology by BMPR2-targeted treatment with FK506 in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionWe identified impaired BMP signalling as a hallmark of early vascular disease in the injured neonatal lung while outlining its promising potential as a future biomarker or therapeutic target in this growing, high-risk patient population.
Application of three-dimensional printed navigation templates to correct lower limb deformities in children by the guided growth technique
Authors: Fan Minjie , Wang Yinming , Pang Haotian , Wang Yiwei , Xu Peng , Lou Yue , Zheng Pengfei , Tang Kai 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveCurrently, individualized navigation templates are rarely applied in pediatric orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to explore the potential of navigation templates obtained using computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing to correct lower limb deformities in children by the guided growth technique.MethodsWe prospectively studied 45 children with leg length discrepancy (LLD) or lower limb angular deformities, who underwent guided growth surgery involving 8-plate. In total, 21 and 24 children were included in the navigation template (group A) group and in the traditional surgery (group B) group, respectively. Mimics software was used for designing and printing navigation templates. The operation time, X-ray radiation exposure, damage to cartilage, and postoperative complications were recorded.ResultsThe mean operation time in groups A and B were 20.78 and 28.39 min, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with group B, the intraoperative exposure of X-rays in group A was reduced by 25% on average. After 9–24 months of follow-up, the deformities were corrected in both groups. No significant differences in the treatment effect were noted between the groups, and no complications occurred.ConclusionsUsing the individualized navigation template in the guided growth technique made the surgical procedure convenient and simple to perform. In addition, the operation time and intraoperative exposure to X-rays were reduced. We consider that 3D printed navigation templates can facilitate the accurate completion of corrective surgeries for lower limb deformities in children, which is worthy of promotion and application.
Management of severe spasticity with and without dystonia with intrathecal baclofen in the pediatric population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gober Joslyn , Seymour Michelle , Miao Hongyu , Curry Daniel J. , Thomas Sruthi P. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in delivery mode, daily dose, and catheter tip location in pediatric patients using intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps with spasticity plus dystonia versus spasticity alone.MethodsA single-center, cross-sectional study was performed by collecting retrospective data from electronic medical records. Demographic and diagnostic information was obtained, comparing patients with spasticity with or without dystonia. The data were analyzed for group differences using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. Categorical data were analyzed for group differences using Pearson’s χ2test.ResultsA total of 137 patients met the criteria. The majority (114) had spasticity plus dystonia whereas only 23 were documented as spasticity alone. Simple continuous dosing was the most common delivery mode, but flex dosing was used more than twice as frequently with spasticity plus dystonia compared with spasticity alone (42% vs 17%). Patients with spasticity plus dystonia also had more rostral catheter tip locations.ConclusionsWhile it has been discussed anecdotally, this study confirms the supposition that patients with spasticity plus dystonia have increased dose requirements when compared with those with spasticity alone. Although there are no clear standards of care when managing these patients, they are often on higher daily dosages, are more likely to require flexed dosing method, and have higher catheter placements. Still, there are few studies that demonstrate improvements in dystonia with the use of ITB. In general, these patients would benefit from the development of universal standardizations as well as the confirmation that this is an appropriate treatment.
Neutrino emission from binary neutron star mergers: characterising light curves and mean energies
Authors: Cusinato Marco , Guercilena Federico Maria , Perego Albino , Logoteta Domenico , Radice David , Bernuzzi Sebastiano , Ansoldi Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeutrinos are copiously emitted by neutron star mergers, due to the high temperatures reached by dense matter during the merger and its aftermath. Neutrinos influence the merger dynamics and shape the properties of the ejecta, including the resulting r-process nucleosynthesis and kilonova emission. In this work, we analyse neutrino emission from a large sample of binary neutron star merger simulations in Numerical Relativity, covering a broad range of initial masses, nuclear equation of state and viscosity treatments. We extract neutrino luminosities and mean energies, and compute quantities of interest such as the peak values, peak broadnesses, time averages and decrease time scales. We provide a systematic description of such quantities, including their dependence on the initial parameters of the system. We find that for equal-mass systems the total neutrino luminosity (several $$10^{53}{\hbox {erg}~{\hbox {s}}^{-1}}$$

10
53

erg

s

-
1

) decreases as the reduced tidal deformability increases, as a consequence of the less violent merger dynamics. Similarly, tidal disruption in asymmetric mergers leads to systematically smaller luminosities. Peak luminosities can be twice as large as the average ones. Electron antineutrino luminosities dominate (initially by a factor of 2-3) over electron neutrino ones, while electron neutrinos and heavy flavour neutrinos have similar luminosities. Mean energies are nearly constant in time and independent on the binary parameters. Their values reflect the different decoupling temperature inside the merger remnant. Despite present uncertainties in neutrino modelling, our results provide a broad and physically grounded characterisation of neutrino emission, and they can serve as a reference point to develop more sophisticated neutrino transport schemes.
Holographic modeling of nuclear matter and neutron stars
Authors: Järvinen Matti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI review holographic models for (dense and cold) nuclear matter, neutron stars, and their mergers. I start by a brief general discussion on current knowledge of cold QCD matter and neutron stars, and go on discussing various approaches to model cold nuclear and quark matter by using gauge/gravity duality, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses. Then I focus on recent results for a complex bottom-up holographic framework (V-QCD), which also takes input from lattice QCD results, effective field theory, and perturbative QCD. Dense nuclear matter is modeled in V-QCD through a homogeneous non-Abelian bulk gauge field. Feasible “hybrid” equations of state for cold nuclear (and quark) matter can be constructed by using traditional methods (e.g., effective field theory) at low densities and the holographic V-QCD model at higher densities. I discuss the constraints from this approach to the properties of the nuclear to quark matter transition as well as to properties of neutron stars. Using such hybrid equations of state as an input for numerical simulations of neutron star mergers, I also derive predictions for the spectrum of produced gravitational waves.
Semileptonic D meson decays to the vector, axial vector and scalar mesons in Hard-Wall AdS/QCD correspondence
Authors: Momeni S. , Saghebfar M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, a Hard-Wall AdS/QCD model with 4 flavours is utilized to calculate the transition form factors for the semileptonic $$D\rightarrow (V, A, S)\,\ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

D
→

(
V
,
A
,
S
)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

. These decays occur by $$c \rightarrow d\,\ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

c
→
d

ℓ

ν
ℓ

transition at quark level for $$D^{0} \rightarrow \rho ^{-}(b_{1}^{-}, a_{1}^{-}, a_{0}^{-})\,\ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

D
0

→

ρ
-

(

b

1

-

,

a

1

-

,

a

0

-

)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

, $$D_{s}^{+} \rightarrow K_{0}(K_{1A}^{0}, K_{1B}^{0})\,\ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

D

s

+

→

K
0

(

K

1
A

0

,

K

1
B

0

)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

decays while the semileptonic decays $$D^{0} \rightarrow K^{_{*-}}(K_{1A}^{_-}, K_{1B}^{_-}, K_{0}^{_-})$$

D
0

→

K

∗
-

(

K

1
A

-

,

K

1
B

-

,

K

0

-

)

$$\ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

ℓ

ν
ℓ

and $$D^{+} \rightarrow {\bar{K}}_{0}({\bar{K}}_{1A}^{0}, {\bar{K}}_{1B}^{0})\,\ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

D
+

→

K

¯

0

(

K

¯

1
A

0

,

K

¯

1
B

0

)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

proceed by $$c \rightarrow \, s\, \ell \,\nu _{\ell }$$

c
→

s

ℓ

ν
ℓ

transition. The masses and decay constants of scalar mesons as well as the form factors and the branching ratios of aforementioned decays are calculated in our model, and a comparison is also made between our results and predictions of other theoretical methods and the existing experimental values.
Evaluation and Stratification for Chinese International Education Quality with Deep Learning Model
Authors: He Min 
Published: May 2022

In the process of human communication, language learning and communication play a fundamental, leading, broad, and long-lasting role. It serves as a link and a bridge between countries and peoples, allowing for greater understanding and camaraderie. The significance of Chinese in international commercial and cultural exchanges has been more obvious in the current era, as China’s comprehensive strength continues to improve. Its cultural value and practical value have been continuously improved, the international community has an increasing demand for learning Chinese, and the cause of international Chinese language education has developed rapidly. China must strengthen the international dissemination of Chinese, so that the world can better understand and accept China, so that China can better integrate into the world. In this context, how to evaluate and stratify the quality of Chinese international education has become an important research topic. Relying on the hot deep learning technology in recent years, this work designs a neural network for evaluating the quality of international Chinese education. The content of this work is as follows: aiming at the serious defect of the current mainstream feature classification network that only uses the top-level features extracted by a single convolution layer to classify, which leads to the loss of classification accuracy. A multiscale feature pyramid fusion network is built in this paper, starting with the working mechanism of a convolutional neural network. It is capable of fully extracting and combining the representations of the network’s shallow and deep outputs, based on first- and second-order characteristics of global and local discriminative region information. Second, the network structure has the bottleneck layer module and the batch normalization layer module, both of which are made up of varying numbers of

1
×
1

convolution kernels.
A Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 Matrikine: Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in Multiple Myeloma NF-κB Activation and Drug Resistance
Authors: Mark Christina , Warrick Jay , Callander Natalie S. , Hematti Peiman , Miyamoto Shigeki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The NF-κB signaling pathway plays key roles in inflammation and the pathogenesis of many solid and hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma, a malignancy of the plasma cells. While proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, employed in multiple myeloma treatments may inhibit NF-κB signaling pathways, multiple myeloma cells often become drug resistant in part due to non–cell autonomous mechanism(s) from the multiple myeloma tumor microenvironment. We previously found that fragments of, but not full-length, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), produced by multiple myeloma bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), activate an atypical bortezomib-resistant NF-κB pathway in multiple myeloma cells. In our current study, we found that multiple myeloma cells promote HAPLN1 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity in cocultured BMSCs and MMP2 activity is higher in BMSCs established from multiple myeloma patients’ BM aspirates relative to normal equivalents. Moreover, MMP2 cleaves HAPLN1 into forms similar in size to those previously observed in patients with multiple myeloma with progressive disease. Both HAPLN1 and MMP2 in BMSCs were required to enhance NF-κB activation and resistance to bortezomib-induced cell death in cocultured multiple myeloma cells. We propose that MMP2-processing of HAPLN1 produces a matrikine that induces NF-κB activation and promotes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma cells.

Implications:
HAPLN1 and MMP2 produced by BMSCs obtained from patients with multiple myeloma promote NF-κB activity and resistance to bortezomib toxicity in multiple myeloma cells, uncovering their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets to address bortezomib resistance in patients with multiple myeloma.
When Hillclimbers Beat Genetic Algorithms in Multimodal Optimization
Authors: Lobo Fernando G. , Bazargani Mosab 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the performance of multistart next ascent hillclimbing and well-known evolutionary algorithms incorporating diversity preservation techniques on instances of the multimodal problem generator. This generator induces a class of problems in the bitstring domain which is interesting to study from a theoretical perspective in the context of multimodal optimization, as it is a generalization of the classical OneMax and TwoMax functions for an arbitrary number of peaks. An average-case runtime analysis for multistart next ascent hillclimbing is presented for uniformly distributed equal-height instances of this class of problems. It is shown empirically that conventional niching and mating restriction techniques incorporated in an evolutionary algorithm are not sufficient to make them competitive with the hillclimbing strategy.
We conjecture the reason for this behavior is the lack of structure in the space of local optima on instances of this problem class, which makes an optimization algorithm unable to exploit information from one optimum to infer where another optimum might be. When no such structure exists, it seems that the best strategy for discovering all optima is a brute-force one.
Overall, our study gives insights with respect to the adequacy of hillclimbers and evolutionary algorithms for multimodal optimization, depending on properties of the fitness landscape.
Laparoscopic Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Piccolo Gaetano , Barabino Matteo , Lecchi Francesca , Santambrogio Roberto , Nava Claudia , Opocher Enrico , Bianchi Paolo Pietro 
Published: May 2022

Background Indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) is one of the first fluorophore that found a clinical application in medicine. In the liver, ICG fluorescence is due to the preserved uptake but impaired washout of the dye from hepatocellular cells into the bile ducts. Therefore, some hepatobiliary surgeons proposed the technique of intravenous ICG injection before surgery for the detection of superficial hepatocarcinomas (HCCs) and colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs). Little evidence exists regarding the use of ICG to identify other hepatic tumors, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We report two patients affected by ICC who underwent laparoscopic liver resection with lymphadenectomy, the ICG staining was routinely performed not only to evaluate the site of the hepatic lesions but also to guide the extension of liver resection. Methods It was injected intravenously a single dose of ICG dye (0.5 mg/kg) during liver function tests 5 days before scheduled surgery. All patients underwent laparoscopic staging with both laparoscopic ultrasound and ICG fluorescence imaging. Results It was identified two different patter of ICG imaging: rim and segmental fluorescence for mass forming and mixed ICC subtype respectively. Conclusions Identification of the ICC subtype before definitive histological examination may have an impact on the surgical plan.
Humane Intervention Points: Refining endpoint terminology to incorporate non-euthanasia intervention options to improve animal welfare and preserve experimental outcomes
Authors: Williams Wendy O , Baneux Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Consideration of The Three R’s (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) is essential when setting Humane Endpoints; however, a common interpretation assumes that Humane Endpoints are timepoints to perform euthanasia. This interpretation is not always consistent with the three Rs. There are many available intervention options that – when used to respond to pain, discomfort, or distress – facilitate application of the three Rs while achieving experimental goals. At our institution, the term ‘Humane Endpoints’ was replaced with ‘Humane Intervention Points’, to ensure responses beyond euthanasia are given priority by laboratory animal professionals and researchers. Identification of Humane Intervention Points in the research protocol provides us with a more accurate reflection of the measures used to alleviate pain and distress in animals used for research, testing, and teaching – an outcome easily envisioned elsewhere. Points d’intervention humains (PIH): Affinage de la terminologie d’évaluation finale pour intégrer des options d’intervention sans recours à l’euthanasie afin d'améliorer le bien-être des animaux et de préserver les résultats expérimentaux Résumé