bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Text detection method based on HDBNet in natural scenes
Authors: Wang Li , Yao Xiang , Song Chenwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo solve the problem of large expansion offset of text detection in natural scenes, a text detection method based on HDBNet is proposed. First, the probability map of the text region is obtained by segmenting the image. The binary map is obtained by using the differentiable binarization of the probability map. The bounding box of the text region can be obtained by looking for the connected region on the binary map. Then, aiming at the problem of large expansion offset of text detection in natural scenes, a scheme of height prediction is adopted to compensate for the expansion loss caused by the width‐to‐height ratio. Finally, experiments show that when the depth network structure is ResNet‐50, the Precision, Recall and F‐measure of the proposed HDBNet method in TD500 data set are 0.9196, 0.8058 and 0.8590, respectively. Moreover, in MLT data set, the Precision, Recall and F‐measure of the proposed HDBNet method are 0.9393, 0.7884 and 0.8573 respectively. The results of HDBNet are higher than those of the comparison methods. Therefore, compared with the comparison methods, the proposed HDBNet method can significantly improve the performance of the text detection system.
Der Weg zur Diagnose – wann Sie bei Atemwegsbefunden an eine Vaskulitis denken müssen
Authors: Walz Bastian , Nessyt Felix , Rai Abdallah El 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDurch bessere diagnostische Verfahren und therapeutische Optionen rücken die Lungenbeteiligungen von Autoimmunerkrankungen in den letzten Jahren immer mehr in den Fokus. Es finden sich auch bei Vaskulitiden häufig Atemwegsbeschwerden, die in Bezug auf Morbidität und Mortalität nicht selten auch die dominierende Manifestation sind. Dabei unterscheiden sich die Lungenbefunde bei den Vaskulitiden im Detail erheblich. Bei Auswahl der Diagnostik und der anschließenden Therapie muss dies berücksichtigt und vor allem von infektiösen Komplikationen differenziert werden. Da die Symptome unspezifisch sind, bedürfen die Behandler zwingend weiterer fachärztlicher Befunde aus Labor, Bildgebung und Histologie, um eine korrekte Diagnose treffen zu können. Dieser Beitrag möchte Sie unterstützen, vom Ausgangspunkt eines Leitsymptoms oder pathologischer Bildgebung zur Möglichkeit einer ursächlichen Vaskulitis Stellung nehmen zu können.
Die interstitielle Lungenerkrankung bei systemischer Sklerose
Authors: Sarbu Adela-Cristina , Maurer Britta 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie systemische Sklerose (SSc) ist eine seltene autoimmune Multiorganerkrankung, bei der eine immunvermittelte Vaskulopathie, Inflammation und Fibrose betroffener Organe zu deren Funktionsverlust führen können. Ein häufig betroffenes Organ ist die Lunge, deren Beteiligung, insbesondere wenn nicht früh erkannt, mit einer schlechten Prognose einhergeht. Die interstitielle Lungenerkrankung (ILD) ist eine der häufigsten Organmanifestationen, die bereits früh und nicht selten initial asymptomatisch im Krankheitsverlauf auftreten kann. Daher kommt dem Screening mittels HRCT (High-Resolution Computed Tomography) und Lungenfunktionstest eine große Rolle zu. Bei der Früherkennung ist das HRCT dem Lungenfunktionstest überlegen. Nach Diagnosestellung einer ILD wird in Abhängigkeit von Schweregrad und Progressionsrisiko entweder eine Therapie begonnen oder eine abwartende Haltung gewählt. Dabei gilt es zu berücksichtigen, dass ca. 30–40 % der SSc-ILD-Patienten eine Progression erleben werden. Zum regelmäßigen Monitoring eignen sich insbesondere Lungenfunktionsparameter und eventuell auch das HRCT, sofern strahlenreduzierte Protokolle zum Einsatz kommen. Das therapeutische Armamentarium umfasst neben pharmakologischen immunmodulierenden und antifibrotischen Substanzen bei ausgewählten Patienten auch die Option der autologen Stammzelltransplantation oder der Lungentransplantation. Mit dem Wissenszuwachs in der molekularen Pathophysiologie der Erkrankung erwarten wir in der Zukunft Trends für eine personalisierte Medizin basierend auf spezifischen Bio- oder Bildgebungsmarkern und individualisierten Therapieansätzen.
High-level quantum chemistry exploration of reduction by group-13 hydrides: insights into the rational design of bio-mimic CO2 reduction
Authors: Chan Bun , Kimura Masanari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the present study, we have used computational quantum chemistry to explore the reduction of various types of substrates by group-13 hydrides. We use the high-level L-W1X method to obtain the energies for the constituent association and hydride transfer reactions. We find that the hydride transfer reactions are highly exothermic, while the preceding association reactions are less so. Thus, improving the thermodynamics of substrate association may improve the overall process. Among the various substrates, amine and imine show the strongest binding, while CO2 shows the weakest. Between the group-13 hydrides, alanes bind most strongly with the substrates, and they also have the most exothermic hydride transfer reactions. To facilitate CO2 binding, we have examined alanes with electron-withdrawing groups, and we indeed find CF3 groups to be effective. Drawing inspiration from the RuBisCO enzyme for CO2 fixation, we have further examined the activation of CO2 with two independent AlH(CF3)2 molecules, with the results showing an even more exothermic association. This observation may form the basis for designing an effective dialane reagent for CO2 reduction. We have also assessed a range of lower-cost computational methods for the calculation of systems in the present study. We find the DSD-PBEP86 double-hybrid DFT method to be the most suitable for the study of related medium-sized systems.
Tailoring the oxygen concentration in Ge-Sb-O alloys to enable femtojoule-level phase-change memory operations
Authors: Wang Jiang-Jing , Wang Xiaozhe , Cheng Yudong , Tan Jieling , Nie Chao , Yang Zhe , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui , Zhang Wei , Ma En 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs), in particular, the flagship Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), are leading candidates for advanced memory applications. Yet, GST in conventional devices suffer from high power consumption, because the RESET operation requires melting of the crystalline GST phase. Recently, we have developed a conductive-bridge scheme for low-power phase-change application utilizing a self-decomposed Ge-Sb-O (GSO) alloy. In this work, we present thorough structural and electrical characterizations of GSO thin films by tailoring the concentration of oxygen in the phase-separating GSO system. We elucidate a two-step process in the as-deposited amorphous film upon the introduction of oxygen: with increasing oxygen doping level, germanium oxides form first, followed by antimony oxides. To enable the conductive-bridge switching mode for femtojoule-level RESET energy, the oxygen content should be sufficiently low to keep the antimony-rich domains easily crystallized under external electrical stimulus. Our work serves as a useful example to exploit alloy decomposition that develops heterogeneous PCMs, minimizing the active switching volume for low-power electronics.
Struggles for Regulatory Hardening: Exploring Swedish Politics on Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Jönsson Elin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has undergone a shift towards hardening, illustrated by a wave of new mandatory and state-based regulation. This article aims to understand the dynamic behind this shift, by studying struggles for regulatory hardening in the Swedish Parliament. Drawing on a critical theory of contradictions, it proposes an understanding of CSR as a contradictory social formation, which structures the parliamentary struggles. Moreover, it suggests that although the hardening trend could amount to a crisis of the traditional understanding of CSR, politicians remain embedded in a neoliberal logic of regulation. The article ends with a call for research to continue to explore alternative roads towards minimizing corporate harm in the future.
Molecular and subregion mechanisms of episodic memory phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Busch Robyn M , Yehia Lamis , Blümcke Ingmar , Hu Bo , Prayson Richard , Hermann Bruce P , Najm Imad M , Eng Charis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Memory dysfunction is prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy, but little is known about the underlying pathophysiological etiologies. Here, we use spatial quantitation to examine differential expression of targeted proteins and transcripts in four brain regions essential for episodic memory (dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, neocortex) between temporal lobe epilepsy patients with and without episodic memory impairment. Brain tissues were obtained from dominant temporal lobectomies in 16 adults with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Verbal memory tests from routine pre-operative clinical care were used to classify episodic memory as impaired or intact. Digital spatial profiling of a targeted protein panel and the whole transcriptome was performed using tissue sections from the temporal neocortex and hippocampus. We performed differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis between the memory groups within each temporal lobe region. Several proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease were overexpressed in the neocortex of patients with impaired memory, corroborating our prior findings using bulk transcriptomics. Spatial transcriptomics identified numerous differentially expressed transcripts in both neocortical and hippocampal subregions between memory groups, with little overlap across subregions. The strongest molecular signal was observed in the CA3 hippocampal subregion, known to play an essential role in memory encoding. Enrichment analyses revealed BDNF as a central hub in CA3-related networks regulating phenotype-relevant processes such as cognition, memory, long-term potentiation and neuritogenesis (Padj &lt; 0.05). Results suggest memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is associated with molecular alterations within temporal lobe subregions that are independent from hippocampal cell loss, demographic variables and disease characteristics. Importantly, each temporal subregion shows a unique molecular signature associated with memory impairment. While many differentially expressed transcripts and proteins in the neocortex have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders/processes, differentially expressed transcripts in hippocampal subregions involve genes associated with neuritogenesis and long-term potentiation, processes essential for new memory formation.
Pregnancy and breast cancer in a patient with complicated Kawasaki Disease, as if one problem was not enough: a case report
Authors: Barzen Gina , Stangl Karl , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Henrich Wolfgang , Dörner Thomas , Lembcke Alexander , Stangl Verena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Due to the increasing prevalence of Kawasaki Disease (KD) in adulthood, the number of women considering pregnancy is growing. There are limited data on the course of pregnancy in KD with coronary artery involvement.

Case summary
We report on the pregnancy outcome of a 30-year-old woman with KD who was successfully resuscitated for ventricular tachycardia 3 years before. At that time, bypass surgery and later implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation were performed because of thrombotically occluded calcified giant coronary aneurysms. The pregnancy course was initially uncomplicated, however, at 31 weeks of gestation, left-sided breast cancer was diagnosed. Weighing maximum therapeutic efficacy against acceptable foetal and maternal cardiotoxic risk, our multidisciplinary team decided on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mother and foetus tolerated the therapy well. However, at 36 weeks of gestation, due to HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver, low platelets) syndrome, a caesarean section had to be performed. The newborn was healthy with good APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration) scores. Three weeks after delivery, chemotherapy was restarted and at Week 4 after the caesarean section, the tumour was no more detectable.

Discussion
We discuss data on pregnancy and KD and outline that pregnancy can be considered if the clinical condition is good and left ventricular function is preserved. We also address possible therapeutic approaches and care for breast cancer in pregnancy and coexisting cardiovascular disease. The extraordinary importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between different disciplines in such complex clinical disease conditions is emphasized.
Coronary sinus for cardiac resynchronization therapy: leave it alone and go for the branch! a case report
Authors: Dell’Era Gabriele , Veroli Alessandro , Degiovanni Anna , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronary sinus is the target of an increasing number of percutaneous interventional procedures. Thus, in some patients, conventional cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may not be feasible or preferable, and ‘alternative’ CRT approaches should be applied.

Case summary
We present the case of a successful CRT via direct left bundle branch permanent pacing (LBBP) in a patient with relative contraindication to conventional CRT because of previous percutaneous indirect mitral annuloplasty.

Discussion
LBBP is emerging as a promising technique for physiological cardiac pacing and CRT. It may represent the technique of choice when coronary sinus is not viable for the implant of a conventional left ventricular catheter.
Characterization of myocardial mechanics and its prognostic significance in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement
Authors: Bi Xiaojun , Yeung Darwin F , Thaden Jeremy J , Nhola Lara F , Schaff Hartzell V , Pislaru Sorin V , Pellikka Patricia A , Pochettino Alberto , Greason Kevin L , Nkomo Vuyisile T , Villarraga Hector R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Aortic stenosis (AS) induces characteristic changes in left ventricular (LV) mechanics that can be reversed after aortic valve replacement (AVR). We aimed to comprehensively characterize LV mechanics before and after AVR in patients with severe AS and identify predictors of short-term functional recovery and long-term survival.

Methods and results
We prospectively performed comprehensive strain analysis by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography in 88 patients with severe AS and LV ejection fraction ≥50% (mean age 71 ± 12 years, 42% female) prior to and within 7 days after AVR. Patients were followed for up to 5.2 years until death from any cause or last encounter. Within days after AVR, we observed an absolute increase in global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−16.0 ± 2.0% vs. −18.5 ± 2.1%, P&lt;0.0001) and a decrease in apical rotation (10.5 ± 4.0° vs. 8.3 ± 2.8°, P = 0.0002) and peak systolic twist (18.2 ± 5.0° vs. 15.5 ± 3.8°, P = 0.0008). A baseline GLS is less negative than −16.2% was 90% sensitive and 67% specific in predicting a ≥ 20% relative increase in GLS. During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, a global circumferential systolic strain rate (GCSRs) less negative than −1.9% independently predicted lower survival.

Conclusion
In patients with severe AS, a reversal in GLS, apical rotation, and peak systolic twist abnormalities towards normal occurs within days of AVR. Baseline GLS is the strongest predictor of GLS recovery but neither was associated with long-term survival. In contrast, abnormal baseline GCSRs are associated with worse outcomes.
Occurrence and significance of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL-producingEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaecomplex of the rectal flora in Ghanaian patients undergoing prostate biopsy
Authors: Labi Appiah-Korang , Obeng-Nkrumah Noah , Dayie Nicholas T K D , Addo Ben Molai , Osei Mary-Magdalene , Fenny Ama , Egyir Beverly , Mensah James Edward 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundReports suggest that fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant and ESBL-producing rectal flora are associated with infectious complications in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS-B)ObjectivesWe investigated the relationship between carriage of FQ-resistant and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae complex of the rectal flora, and the 30 day incidence rate of post-TRUS-B infectious complications.MethodsFrom 1 January 2018 to 30 April 2019, rectal swabs of 361 patients were cultured pre-TRUS-B for FQ-resistant and ESBL-producing flora. Patients were followed up for 30 days for infectious complications post-biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors.ResultsOverall, 86.4% (n = 312/361) and 62.6% (n = 226/361) of patients carried FQ-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae complex, respectively. Approximately 60% (n = 289/483) of the FQ-resistant and 66.0% (n = 202/306) of the ESBL-positive isolates exhibited in vitro resistance to the pre-biopsy prophylactic antibiotic regimen of levofloxacin and gentamicin. Amikacin and meropenem were the most effective antibiotics against the MDR rectal E. coli and K. pneumoniae complex (78.7% and 84.3%, respectively). The 30 day incidence rate for post-biopsy infections was 3.1% (n = 11/361), with an overall high probability (96.9%) of staying free of infections within the 30 day period post-TRUS-B. Antibiotic use in the previous 3 months was a risk factor for rectal carriage of FQ-resistant and ESBL-positive isolates. Rectal colonization by ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae complex comprised an independent risk factor for post-biopsy infectious complications.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that a change in prophylactic antibiotics to a more targeted regimen may be warranted in our institution.
Function and inhibition of Haspin kinase: targeting multiple cancer therapies by antimitosis
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Yang Hongliu , Fang Yongsheng , Xing Yantao , Pang Xinxin , Li Yang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Yonggang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Haploid germ cell-specific nuclear protein kinase (Haspin) is a serine/threonine kinase as an atypical kinase, which is structurally distinct from conventional protein kinases.

Key findings
Functionally, Haspin is involved in important cell cycle progression, particularly in critical mitosis regulating centromeric sister chromatid cohesion during prophase and prometaphase, and subsequently ensuring proper chromosome alignment during metaphase and the normal chromosome segregation during anaphase. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that Haspin is significantly upregulated in a variety of cancer cells in addition to normal proliferating somatic cells. Its knockdown or small molecule inhibition could prevent cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis by disrupting the regular mitotic progression. Given the specificity of its expressed tissues or cells and the uniqueness of its current known substrate, Haspin can be a promising target against cancer. Consequently, selective synthetic and natural inhibitors of Haspin have been widely developed to determine their inhibitory power for various cancer cells in vivo and in vitro.

Summary
Here our perspective includes a comprehensive review of the roles and structure of Haspin, its relatively potent and selective inhibitors and Haspin’s preliminary studies in a variety of cancers.
Constructive and mechanised meta-theory of IEL and similar modal logics
Authors: Hagemeier Christian , Kirst Dominik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Artemov and Protopopescu proposed intuitionistic epistemic logic (IEL) to capture an intuitionistic conception of knowledge. By establishing completeness, they provided the base for a meta-theoretic investigation of IEL, which was continued by Krupski with a proof of cut-elimination, and Su and Sano establishing semantic cut-elimination and the finite model property. However, no analysis of these results in a constructive meta-logic has been conducted, arguably impeding the intuitionistic justification of IEL. We aim to close this gap and investigate IEL in the constructive-type theory of the Coq proof assistant. Concretely, we present a constructive and mechanised completeness proof for IEL, employing a syntactic decidability proof based on cut-elimination to constructivise the ideas from the literature. Following Su and Sano, we then also give constructive versions of semantic cut-elimination and the finite model property. Given our constructive and mechanised setting, all these results now bear executable algorithms. Our particular strategy to establish constructive completeness exploiting syntactic decidability can be used for similar modal logics, which we illustrate with the examples of the classical modal logics K, D and T. For modal logics including the four axioms, however, the method seems not to apply immediately.
Birth characteristics and risk of meningioma in a population-based study in California
Authors: Cote David J , Wang Rong , Morimoto Libby M , Metayer Catherine , Stempel Jessica , Zada Gabriel , Ma Xiaomei , Wiemels Joseph L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the potential role of birth characteristics in the etiology of early-onset meningioma.

Methods
Leveraging a population-based linkage of California birth records (from 1978 to 2015) and cancer registry data (from 1988 to 2015), we identified 362 nonmalignant meningioma cases aged 0–37 years and selected 18 100 controls matched on year of birth. Cases and controls were compared with regard to birth characteristics, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from unconditional multivariable logistic regression models. We also conducted stratified analyses by race/ethnicity and age.

Results
Female sex (compared to male: OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.79; P &lt; .01) and Black race (compared to White: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.07; P = .04) were associated with higher risk of meningioma. Higher birth order (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.99 per additional birth position; P = .04) was associated with a lower risk. No significant associations were observed between birthweight, gestational age, delivery mode, maternal age, or maternal education and meningioma risk. In the non-Latino White subgroup, higher birthweight was associated with a higher risk of meningioma (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.41 per 500 grams; P = .03), but this was not recapitulated in the Latino subgroup. In age-stratified analyses, female sex was a risk factor for those diagnosed at the age of 20–37 years but not among younger individuals.

Conclusions
In this large population-based study less prone to selection and recall bias, higher birth order was associated with a reduced risk of early-onset meningioma, while female sex and Black race were linked to an increased risk. There were also indications of differential associations by race/ethnicity and age of diagnosis.