bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Bone Marrow Involvement of Multiple Myeloma on [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT
Authors: Michalski Kerstin , Jilg Cordula A. , Engelhardt Monika , Meyer Philipp T. , Ruf Juri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 71-year-old man presented with chronic anemia (hemoglobin 7.3 g/dL). Further serum analyses showed elevated prostate-specific antigen (13 ng/mL), suggestive of prostate cancer. However, ultrasound-guided transrectal sextant biopsy did not find any evidence of prostate cancer. In order to improve guidance of intended repeated biopsy, [18F]prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 PET/CT was performed, which showed a solitary lesion with strong PSMA expression in the left peripheral zone in the prostate gland. Surprisingly, also a diffuse bone marrow involvement with predominantly osteolytic lesions was observed. This massive osseous tumor burden was clearly discordant to the only relatively mild elevated prostate-specific antigen. The subsequent bone biopsy revealed multiple myeloma. This case does not only highlight a possible pitfall on PSMA PET/CT, but also raises the question on how far PSMA ligands may offer diagnostic and therapeutic potential in multiple myeloma.
Tracheitis Diagnosed With 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a Patient With COVID-19
Authors: Aksu Ayşegül , Bozkurt Kübra , Yılmaz Burçak 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 57-year-old man with newly diagnosed with prostate cancer was admitted to our department for 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT imaging. The patient, who was asymptomatic at the time of imaging, had increased diffuse 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake in the trachea on PET/CT. No ground-glass density suggestive of pneumonia in both lungs was observed. The patient, whose symptoms developed 2 days after PET/CT imaging, was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Incidental Detection of Radiotracer Uptake in Spindle Cell Lipoma on 18F-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Hod Nir , Sherf Yehonatan , Lantsberg Sophie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An 84-year-old man underwent 18F–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for staging of a newly diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma. PET/CT revealed high 18F-PSMA uptake in a thigh mass, which was initially suspected for a metastasis. Histopathology revealed a rare entity of spindle cell lipoma, which should be added to the reported list of neoplasms that can show “false-positive” PSMA uptake during evaluation of patients with prostate carcinoma representing a potential interpretative pitfall.
Renal Pelvis Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease Mimicking Malignant Tumor
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Liu Yanfang , Zhang Lu , Cheng Chao , Zuo Changjing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A space-occupying lesion in the left renal pelvis was found in a 56-year-old man. The patient voluntarily participated in a clinical trial of 68Ga-FAPI in solid tumors. PET/CT images revealed an intense 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI uptake in this lesion. Malignant tumor was suspected. The patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The postoperative pathological examination established the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4–related disease.
Unusual Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Subcarinal Lymph Node and Peritoneal Nodule Found on 18F-PSMA PET/CT With Rising PSA of 0.4 ng/mL
Authors: Gao Mamie , Lu Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A 79-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy and bilateral lymph node dissection and received multiple lines of systematic treatment for his biopsy-proven peritoneal carcinomatosis. During the disease course, his prostate-specific antigen rose from 0.1 ng/mL to 0.4 ng/mL in 4 months, and testosterone level was <3 ng/dL. Workup 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT showed unusual prostate-specific membrane antigen–avid, 1.1-cm subcarinal lymph node and a 0.8-cm peritoneal nodule, which were not hypermetabolic on an 18F-FDG PET/CT 6 days later. This case illustrated the sensitivity for 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in detecting metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
A Rare Extramedullary Involvement Site in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gülbahar Ateş Seda , Uçmak Gülin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy associated with uncontrolled clonal proliferation of plasma cells. Extramedullary disease in MM is an aggressive entity with a poor prognosis. Moreover, involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare aggressive biological sign. 18F-FDG PET/CT is an irreplaceable modality in the assessment of extramedullary disease. We present 2 cases with gastric involvement of MM that were shown by 18F-FDG PET/CT and confirmed as plasma cell infiltration pathologically. 18F-FDG PET/CT studies of MM patients should be interpreted carefully for gastrointestinal involvement, and it should be kept in mind that it can mimic other malignancies.
E2027 Cardiac Safety Evaluation With Concentration-Response Modeling of ECG Data to Inform Dose Selection in Studies in Patients With Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Landry Ishani S. , Boyd Peter , Aluri Jagadeesh , Darpo Borje , Xue Hongqi , Brown Randy , Reyderman Larisa , Lai Robert 
Published: May 2022

Background:
E2027 is a novel, highly selective and potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 9 in development for dementia with Lewy bodies. Cardiac safety assessments for emerging agents are essential to avoid drug-induced QT interval prolongation, which may predispose individuals to potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. To evaluate the cardiac safety of E2027 and to inform dose selection for the phase 2 study of E2027 in dementia with Lewy bodies, we evaluated concentration-response modeling of pooled electrocardiogram data.

Patients and Methods:
A post hoc concentration-QTc analysis evaluated potential QT effects using data from 2 randomized, double-blind studies in healthy subjects: a single ascending dose (SAD) study and a multiple ascending dose (MAD) study. Daily E2027 doses ranged from 5 to 1200 mg.

Results:
A linear mixed-effects model was used to establish the relationship between plasma concentrations of E2027 and change from the baseline of QTcF (ΔQTcF). A significant but shallow relationship was observed in the estimated slope of the concentration-ΔQTcF: 0.002 ms/ng/mL (90% confidence interval: 0.0007-0.0031) with a small, nonsignificant treatment effect-specific intercept of −0.6 ms. Based on this pooled concentration-QTc analysis, an effect on the QTcF interval >10 ms can be excluded up to E2027 plasma concentrations of ∼3579 ng/mL, corresponding to a dose at least 4-fold larger than the 50 mg phase 2 dose.

Conclusion:
This pooled post hoc analysis evaluating cardiac safety of E2027 demonstrated that clinically concerning QTcF prolongation and related cardiac complications are highly unlikely with proposed E2027 doses planned for phase 2.
Electroconvulsive Treatment Utilization for Inpatient Management of Catatonia in Adolescents With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Patel Rikinkumar S. , Hobart Kelsey , Wadhawan Abhishek , Chalia Ankit , Youssef Nagy A. 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine rates of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use for catatonia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, stratified by patient demographics and hospital characteristics, and its impact on inpatient length of stay and cost.

Methods
We found 155 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) with principal discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with catatonia from the National Inpatient Sample. They were subgrouped into ECT (n = 20) and non-ECT (n = 135) groups. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate the utilization of ECT for catatonia and independent-sample t test for continuous variables with statistical significance at P ≤ 0.05.

Results
The overall utilization rate of ECT in adolescents for catatonia was 12.9%. A high rate of ECT use was evident for Whites (30.8%) compared with the other race/ethnicities and also was seen in private health insurance beneficiaries (20%). The rate of ECT use varied by the region, with highest for the Northeast (20%), followed by the South (18.2%), and the West (14.3%). Adolescent inpatients with catatonia in public and teaching type, and large bed-size hospitals were more likely to receive ECT than their counterparts. The mean number of ECT sessions required during the inpatient stay was 5.2 (range, 1–15), and the mean number of days from admission to initial ECT was 2.5 (range, 0–6).

Conclusions
Electroconvulsive therapy is used for approximately only 13% of adolescents with catatonia when comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorders are present, suggesting that many patients may not get evidence-based treatment. Future studies in this area are needed.
Evaluation of essential oils efficacy on antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains
Authors: Masotti Chiara , Battistini Roberta , Listorti Valeria , Razzuoli Elisabetta , Tramuta Clara , Decastelli Lucia , Ercolini Carlo , Serracca Laura 
Published: May 2022

Background
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens has drawn attention to natural antimicrobial compounds, such as essential oils (EOs)

Methods
The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of three EOs against 15 Salmonella strains resistant to 16 commonly used antimicrobials. EOs of O. vulgare, T. serpyllum, and T. vulgariswere tested in triplicate for 15 bacterial strain by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and broth microdilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines with minor modifications.

Results
O. vulgare and T. serpyllum showed high antimicrobial activity compared to T. vulgaris in all tested antibiotic-resistant strains (P-value <0.01). The mean diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition zone was 18.7 mm for O. vulgaris, 19.2 mm for T. serpyllum, and 14.2 mm for T. vulgaris. The MIC and MBC mean values of O. vulgare were respectively 0.037% and 0.058%, for T. serpyllum 0.036% and 0.041%, for T. vulgaris 0.13% and 0.15%. All strains resulted resistant totrimethoprim-sulamethoxazoleand 14 strains resulted resistant to tetracycline, considered a highly important antimicrobial. Among Salmonella serovars tested the monophasic S. Typhimurium has exhibited the highest antimicrobial resistance to synthetic molecules while they were sensitive to EOs.

Conclusions
The EOs of O. vulgare and T. serpyllum, which contain carvacrol as the main constituent, showed the greatest antimicrobial effect against MDR Salmonella strains.
Evaluation of a monoglyceride for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria
Authors: Ukachukwu Faith , Alany Raid , Snyder Lori 
Published: May 2022

Background
The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, have developed multi-drug resistance to currently recommended antibiotic treatment resulting in worse clinical outcomes and significant economic burden. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhoea and S. aureus and P. aeruginosa causes nosocomial infections including a plethora of infections that affect the skin, lungs, heart, eyes, ears, bones, and blood. Novel therapies are desperately needed to replenish the clinical pipeline as current antibiotic treatments fail.

Methods
Monolaurin was investigated against strains of N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration of monolaurin was determined by agar diffusion assay for N. gonorrhoeae and broth microdilution assay for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Bactericidal activity of monolaurin was assessed in log reduction assay and the time - kill activity of various concentrations of the monoglyceride was evaluated over 5 hours. At least 4 log10 killing activity was considered bactericidal.

Result
Monolaurin inhibited growth ofS. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae, and P. aeruginosa at a range of 0.1mM - 3.13mM concentrations. At 1.5mM concentration, monolaurin killed S. aureus and N. gonorrhoeae at 180 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. Monolaurin at 3mM concentration rapidly killed N. gonorrhoeae within 2 minutes while 25mM concentration killed P. aeruginosa within 60 minutes.

Conclusion
The evidence suggests that monolaurin actively killed Gram-positive and remarkably Gram-negative bacteria. This monoglyceride can potentially be developed as an antimicrobial therapy against these bacterial infections and may prove useful when coinfection with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are present.
Host mediated microbiome selection to study the changes in the nutrient cycling, root exudation and microbial population in the rhizosphere of soybean genotypes
Authors: Haridas Deepa Manikkath 
Published: May 2022

The study was conducted with an aim to understand the changes in soil enzyme activity in the plant rhizosphere during host mediated selection of rhizosphere microbiome. Soil samples were collected from three different locations on a farm in the Reading area, UK. Two popular genotypes of Soybean (Glycine max) were chosen for the study, Kenchen and Siverka. Initial microbiome inoculum was prepared by mixing field soil with sterilized water and this was added to the autoclaved coir: sand mix. After four weeks of plant growth, plants were uprooted from the soil, rhizosphere soil collected for soil enzyme estimation and NGS analysis. Root exudates were collected and stored in freezer for analysis.
Growth of plants in legume soils was significantly higher. The plants in legume soil produced nodules which confirmed the presence of rhizobia in these soils. Independent analysis within each soil type showed that, the interaction between soil type and genotype is very significant with respect to enzyme activity. The presence of microbiome along with plants had a significant effect on enzymatic activity. GCMS analysis of root exudates from plants in each soil showed variations in individual chromatograms. The difference in enzyme activity with plant growth shows that there are changes taking place in the soil. Further in this study, NGS analysis of rhizosphere soil will shed more light into the changes happening in the soil microbiome and if the changes are related to the enzymatic changes and plant root exudation.
Investigating the microbiological risks associated with urban flooding in the UK
Authors: Scutt Sophie , Shucksmith James , Douterelo Isabel 
Published: May 2022

Over the last 30 years, the frequency and occurrence of intense rainfall, and thus extreme hydrological events –flooding- has steadily increased. Drainage infrastructure in the UK was not designed for a changing climate, and many sewer systems in densely populated urban areas, are unable to cope. Sewage overflow and surface run off in urban areas can act as vectors for the dissemination of pathogens, known to cause disease among human populations. Most of the previous studies in this field have focused on using faecal indicators such as E.coli when assessing the public health risk of floodwater [1]. However, traditional indicators do not accurately reflect the true risk that urban flooding poses [2]. Little is understood in regards to the survivability and behaviour of pathogens in different urban settings, which are fundamental to determine potential risks to public health.
Previous investigations in UK waterlogged soils have shown a clear response of microbial communities to water table variation, temperature, and nutrient availability in soil profiles [3]. This research aims to investigate, using advanced molecular methods, the dynamics of pathogens (i.e. movement through soil and survival rates), and microbial interactions at the soil/water interface- collecting information from field work studies and laboratory-controlled experiments.
The outcomes from this research will inform future management strategies of flooded sites that will aid to protect public health.
References
[1] Yard et al., 2014. J. Environ. Sci. Health 49, 1236-1243.
[2] Hussain, 2019. Freshwater Microbiology 10, 393-420.
[3] Douterelo et al., 2009. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 63, 6, 795-805.
Different molecular routes to mat formation in environmental Pseudomonas isolates
Authors: Mukherjee Anuradha , Gallie Jenna 
Published: May 2022

Many bacterial species secrete polymers and form mat-like structures. These mats can be useful (e.g., in bioremediation), or problematic (e.g., in hospital settings). The molecular bases of mat formation have been investigated in a number of species, including various pseudomonads. One well-characterized example is the plant symbiont Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. Laboratory populations of SBW25 readily acquire mutations in one of three regulatory loci (wsp, aws, mws), leading to the over-production of the secondary messenger cyclic-di-GMP. In turn, this activates the production of a cellulose-like polymer, the major structural component of the SBW25 mat. Here, we dissect and compare the molecular mechanisms of mat formation in two further plant-associated pseudomonads: P. simiae PICF7 and P. fluorescens A506. We find that both PICF7 and A506 are capable of mat formation in the laboratory, by distinct molecular routes. Mat formation in PICF7 involves mutations in wsp, aws, or mws that serve to activate the production of Pel (as opposed to cellulose in SBW25). Contrastingly, A506 mat formation does not require mutation of wsp, aws, or mws (despite their retention in the genome). Instead, our results are consistent with a readily reversible, non-mutational route to polymer production and mat formation in A506. Overall, our results demonstrate the presence of multiple molecular routes to mat formation among environmental, plant-associated pseudomonads.
The presented work has since been published: Mukherjee A, Dechow-Seligmann G, Gallie J. 2022. Molecular Microbiology 117(2): 394-410.
Whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis of a novel Chlamydia psittaci strain
Authors: Livingstone Morag , Ribeca Paolo , Beeckman Delphine , Ende Arie van der , Pannekoek Yvonne , Vanrompay Daisy , Longbottom David 
Published: May 2022

Background
Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia psittaci are important pathogens of livestock and avian species, respectively. While C. abortus is recognized as descended from C. psittaci species, there is emerging evidence of strains that are intermediary, including C. psittaci strain 84/2334 that was isolated from a parrot.

Methods
Strain 84/2334 was analysed by multi-locus sequence typing of seven housekeeping genes and by analysis of five species-discriminant proteins. The strain was de novo sequenced for comparison with representative strains from chlamydial species. 16S rRNA and whole genome phylogenetic analyses, network and recombination analyses, and analyses of key virulence-associated genes were conducted to explore its evolutionary relationship with both C. psittaci and C. abortus.

Results
Typing, 16S rRNA and whole genome phylogenetic analyses, as well as network and recombination analyses showed that strain 84/2334 clusters closely with C. abortus. Analyses also suggested a closer evolutionary relationship with classical C. abortus strains, than to two other avian C. abortus or C. psittaci strains. Analyses of virulence-associated genes that exhibit greatest diversity within chlamydial species, reveal greater diversity than present in sequenced C. abortus genomes. The strain also possesses an extrachromosomal plasmid, as found in C. psittaci species but absent from all sequenced classical C. abortus strains.

Conclusion
The results are consistent with 84/2334 being a C. abortus ancestral strain, suggesting that it should be reclassified as C. abortus. The identification of a C. abortus strain bearing an extra-chromosomal plasmid has implications for plasmid-based transformation studies providing a potential route for future vaccine development.
genomeRxiv: a microbial whole-genome database and diagnostic marker design resource for classification, identification, and data sharing
Authors: Pritchard Leighton , Sharma Parul , Mazloom Reza , Pierce Tessa , Irber Luiz , Harrington Bailey , Heath Lenwood , Brown C Titus , Vinatzer Boris 
Published: May 2022

genomeRxiv is a newly-funded US-UK collaboration to provide a public, web-accessible database of public genome sequences, accurately catalogued and classified by whole-genome similarity independent of their taxonomic affiliation. Our goal is to supply the basic and applied research community with rapid, precise and accurate identification of unknown isolates based on genome sequence alone, and with molecular tools for environmental analysis.
The DNA sequencing revolution enabled the use of cultured and uncultured microorganism genomes for fast and precise identification. However, precise identification is impossible without
1. reference databases that precisely circumscribe classes of microorganisms, and label these with their uniquely-shared characteristics
2. fast algorithms that can handle the volumes of genome data
Our approach integrates the highly-resolved classification framework of Life Identification Numbers (LINs) with the speed and computational efficiency of sourmash and k-mer hashing algorithms, and the precision and filtering of average nucleotide identity (ANI). We aim to construct a single genome-based indexing scheme that extends from phylum to strain, enabling the unique and consistent placement of any sequenced prokaryote genome.
genomeRxiv includes protocols for confidentiality, allowing groups to identify and announce the identities of newly-sequenced organisms without sharing genome data directly. This protects communities working with commercially- and ethically-sensitive organisms (e.g. production engineering strains, potential bioweapons, and to enable benefit sharing with indigenous communities).
genomeRxiv will also provide online capability to design molecular diagnostic tools for metabarcoding and qPCR, to enable tracking of specific groupings of bacteria directly in the environment.
Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficacy and Germicidal Efficiency of 405-nm Light for Surface Decontamination
Authors: Sinclair Lucy , MacGregor Scott , Maclean Michelle 
Published: May 2022

Background
The persistence of infectious organisms on hospital surfaces presents a significant challenge to healthcare environments. Low irradiance visible 405-nm light has recently been developed as a method for environmental decontamination, with studies demonstrating successful reductions of environmental bacteria in wards and operating theatres. This study investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of 405-nm light for decontamination of surfaces, and how the dose-response kinetics are affected by use of differing light irradiances.

Methods
Surface-seeded Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (selected as model Gram-positive and Gram-negative species) were exposed to increasing doses of 405-nm light (≤ 90 Jcm-2) at three discrete irradiances (0.5, 5 and 50 mWcm-2). For both species, inactivation kinetics at each respective irradiance was established and susceptibility at equivalent light doses compared.

Results
Results demonstrate increased bacterial susceptibility to 405-nm light inactivation when exposed at lower irradiance treatments. For both species, 3 Jcm-2 was required when exposed using 0.5 mWcm-2 irradiance to achieve significant bacterial inactivation (P < 0.05; 26.7-73.7% reduction). When exposed at 5 mWcm-2, double the energy (6 Jcm-2) was required to achieve similar reductions. Exposure at the highest irradiance (50 mWcm-2) required 3-5 times greater dose (9-15 Jcm-2) to achieve similar reductions to the lowest irradiance tested (0.5 mWcm-2).

Conclusion
This study provides evidence of the enhanced germicidal efficiency of low irradiance 405-nm light, highlighting its efficacy for continuous environmental decontamination applications. Further investigation into the photo-chemical inactivation mechanisms will be crucial for its optimisation for a range of infection control applications.