bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical calibration tool for methods used to sample outdoor-biting mosquitoes
Authors: Ngowo Halfan S. , Limwagu Alex J. , Ferguson Heather M. , Matthiopoulos Jason , Okumu Fredros O. , Nelli Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMethods for sampling outdoor-biting mosquitoes are urgently needed to improve surveillance of vector-borne diseases. Such tools could potentially replace the human landing catch (HLC), which, despite being the most direct option for measuring human exposure, raises significant ethical and logistical concerns. Several alternatives are under development but detailed evaluation still requires common frameworks for calibration relative to HLC. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and validate a framework for predicting HLC-derived outdoor exposure rates from different exposure-free alternatives.MethodsWe obtained mosquito abundance data (Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus and Culex sp.) from a year-long Tanzanian study comparing six outdoor traps and HLC. The outdoor traps were: Suna Trap (SUN), BG Sentinel (BGS), M-Trap (MTR), M-Trap + CDC (MTR-C), Ifakara Tent Trap-C (ITT-C) and Mosquito Magnet Trap (MMX). Four generalised linear models were developed within a Bayesian framework to investigate associations between traps and HLC; considering intra- and inter-specific density dependence. The best model was used to create a calibration tool for predicting HLC-equivalents of each trap.ResultsFor An. arabiensis, SUN catches had the strongest correlation with HLC (R2=19.4), followed by BGS (R2=17.2), MTRC (R2=13.1). The least correlated was MMX (R2=2.5). For An. funestus, BGS had the strongest correlation with the HLC (R2=53.4), followed by MTRC (R2=37.4), MTR (R2=37.4). The least favored was SUN (R2=14.5). For Culex mosquitoes, the traps most highly correlated with the HLC were MTR (R2=45.4) and MTRC (R2=44.2). Overall, density-dependence between and within species influenced the performance of BGS relative to HLC. An interactive Shiny App calibration tool was developed for this and similar applications.ConclusionWe successfully developed a calibration tool to assess the performance of outdoor-traps relative to HLC. Our approach provides a valuable framework for assessing human exposures. The performance of candidate traps relative to the HLC varied between mosquito taxa, thus there was no single optimum. Though all the traps underestimated HLC catches (proxy for human-biting rates), it was possible to mathematically define their representativeness against HLC with or without density dependence. Further studies should focus on consistency and representativeness as opposed to simply finding traps that catch the most mosquitoes.
CpG-activated regulatory B-cell progenitors alleviate murine graft-versus-host-disease
Authors: Agbogan Viviane A , Gastineau Pauline , Tejerina Emmanuel , Karray Saoussen , Zavala Flora 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Development of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) represents a major impediment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The observation that the presence of bone marrow and circulating hematogones correlated with reduced GVHD risks prompted us to evaluate whether B-cell progenitors, which provide protection in various autoimmune disease models following activation with the TLR-9 agonist CpG (CpG-proBs), could likewise reduce this allogeneic disorder. In a murine model of GVHD that recapitulates an initial phase of acute GVHD followed by a phase of chronic sclerodermatous GVHD, we found that CpG-proBs, adoptively transferred during the initial phase of disease, reduced the diarrhea score and mostly prevented cutaneous fibrosis. Progenitors migrated to the draining lymph nodes and to the skin where they mainly differentiated into follicular B cells. CpG activation and IFN-γ expression were required for the protective effect, which resulted in reduced CD4+ T-cell-derived production of critical cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-13 and IL-21. Adoptive transfer of CpG-proBs increased the T follicular regulatory to T follicular helper (Tfr/Tfh) ratio. Moreover, CpG-proBs privileged the accumulation of IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells, B cells and dendritic cells in the skin. However, CpG-proBs did not improve survival. Altogether, our findings support the notion that adoptively transferred CpG-proBs exert immunomodulating effect that alleviates symptoms of GVHD but require additional anti-inflammatory strategy to improve survival.
A Study of Correlation Between Dengue Serological Markers and Platelet Count in Ajmer Region
Authors: Pachori Parmendra , Sharma Govind Kumar , Pachori Saroj , Pachori Geeta 
Published: March 2022

Background: Dengue is an acute viral infection has emerged as a notable public health problem. Rapid immunochromatographic test and IgM/IgG ELISA has been the mainstay of diagnosis. Combination of NS1 antigen detection along with antibody detection increases the diagnostic rates. Thrombocytopenia begins during febrile phase. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the association of platelet counts against immunochromatographic test (NS1 and IgM/IgG) and IgM ELISA in dengue infections.
Methodology: The study of variation in different platelet parameters in dengue fever cases was undertaken in our department over a period of 18 months from July 2017 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria: All patients with clinical features and serologically positive dengue infection included.
Exclusion criteria: Patient’s which are serologically negative dengue and if routine laboratory test suggesting a bacterial, parasite or any viral infection other than dengue infection or any other disease.
CBC was done from all clinically suspected dengue cases. Serum samples were tested for NS1, IgM and IgG by immunochromatography-based test and IgM MAC-Capture ELISA. Platelet counts were obtained from all serologically positive cases. Test results of dengue specific parameters were compared against platelet counts.
Results: Of 636 samples tested, 396 were positive for one or more dengue parameters. Of the 396, 312 were positive for NS1, 152 were positive for IgM, 41 were positive for IgG and 354 were positive for IgM ELISA. Thrombocytopenia was consistently associated with one of the serological parameters.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from our study that Thrombocytopenia was found in all serological positive dengue cases and showed a significant correlation with serological markers.
Histological Study of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and its Association with Tumor Stage and Nodal Status
Authors: Rampada Sasmal Prasanjit , Philipose Thoppil Reba 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: CRC is commonest human carcinoma and leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. “Tumor budding” is 4 or more tumor cells in invasive front of colorectal adenocarcinoma glands invading up to adjacent stroma, can act as independent prognostic marker for tumor staging which changes prognosis and further treatment plans
Objective: Association of tumor budding with stage of tumour and lymph node status.
Methods: This is a retrospective study from Jan 2019 – Jan 2022. H&E sections prepared from resected total/hemi/partial colectomy specimens to assess tumor bud count following International tumour budding consensus conference (ITBCC) 2016 criteria “Tumour budding assessed in 1 hotspot (in a field measuring 0.785 mm2) at the invasive front with average 10 consecutive fields with highest bud count in one field (hotspot) under 200x magnifications (field area=0.785 mm2) using Magnus Decahead microscope. The budding was graded as low (0-4 buds), intermediate (5-9 buds), high (10 or more buds).
Results: Analysis done according to ITBCC tumor bud scoring shows increased tumor budding is associated with positive higher tumor grade (p value: 0.026) and stage (p value - 0.024) but not with nodal status (p value: 0.096).
Conclusion: Current study shows tumor bud score is associated with positive lymph node status, higher tumor grade and stage. However, the study needs to be validated by a larger sample size and follow up studies.
Helicopter rotor blade vibration reduction with optimizing the structural distribution of composite layers
Authors: Arıol Taymaz Hacer 
Published: March 2022

In helicopter rotorcraft design, two main approaches as passive and active control methods widely used to decline vibration. In this study passive control methods are used to reduce vibration in the helicopter rotor blade. The most common passive control devices are dynamic vibration dampers, isolators and structural distribution of the composite blades. A surrogate optimization formula is used as the objective function of vibration reduction which includes vibratory hub loads and bending moments. In optimization model, composite ply angles are design variables and spar frequency-placement, autorotation and stress conditions are constraints. As the optimization method, a hybrid solution is chosen. The gradient-based algorithms generate accurate results in trust region and heuristic methods scan very large area of solution space. Due to the aforementioned advantages, these algorithms are hybridized. As a result of the comparison of the optimization outcomes with the baseline UH-60 rotor blades, approximately 38 % vibration reduction is observed in the new design.
Estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient via a fusion of optimized models
Authors: Gholami Mahsa , Gholami Amin , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Determination of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) is fundamental to the development of strategies for environmental management of river systems. This paper presents an integrated model for an estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient by a fusion of optimized intelligent models (optimized neural network (ONN), optimized fuzzy inference system (OFIS), and optimized support vector regression (OSVR)) via committee machine (CM), with optimization done by the Bat-inspired algorithm (BA). The optimization eliminates the associated loss of accuracy of the intelligent models, which is a direct consequence of an improper adjustment of parameters (weights and biases in the neural network, membership's functions in the fuzzy inference system, and user-defined parameters in support vector regression). Data gathered from literature are employed to validate the proposed integrated model. A comparison between the optimized models and a committee machine, based on statistical parameters, shows that the committee machine model can attain high accuracy. Sensitivity analysis (SA) shows the contribution of each optimized model to the committee machine and ranks the contribution of the optimized models in ascending order as optimized neural network, optimized fuzzy inference system, and optimized support vector regression, each significantly correlated with the accuracy of longitudinal dispersion coefficient prediction.
Natural Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder:
A Mini-Review of Pre- and Clinical Studies
Authors: Réus Gislaine Z. , Manosso Luana M. , Arent Camila O. , Borba Laura A. , Abelaira Helena M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness that causes significant disability and declining quality of life. An overlap of multiple factors can be involved in the pathophysiology of this mood disorder, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress, change in neurotransmitters, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Although the classic treatment for MDD is safe, it is far from ideal, with delay to start the best clinic, side effects, and a large number of non-responses or partial-responses. Therefore, other alternatives are being studied to improve depressive symptoms, and, among them, the role of phytochemicals present in food stands out. This mini-review will discuss the main phytochemicals present in foods that have clinical and preclinical studies showing benefits for MDD treatment. In addition, the main mechanisms of action that are being proposed for each of these compounds will be addressed.
LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation of Lenvatinib and its
Related Impurities in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic
Study
Authors: Talari Subrahmanyam , Vejendla Anuradha , Boddapati S.N. Murthy , Kalidindi Johar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Lenvatinib is a potent drug utilized in the medication of thyroid cancer
and it acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Thus, the development and validation of Lenvatinib and
allied impurities in rat plasma, and its pharmacokinetic study, are one of the most significant areas
of modern pharmaceutical analysis.

Objective:
The current study conducts bioanalytical system validation and pharmacokinetic analysis
of Lenvatinib and associated impurities in rat plasma with LC-MS/MS.

Methods:
The current study involves bioanalytical system validation and pharmacokinetic analysis
of Lenvatinib and associated impurities in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS. Gradient elution of
Lenvatinib with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and an X-Bridge phenyl column (150x4.6 mm, 3.5μ)
was used in the optimized process. In this method, buffer (1 mL formic acid in 1 liter of water)
and acetonitrile mixture was used as the mobile phase.

Results:
By using Carfilzomib as the internal norm and impurity-4 as the active metabolite and
30 minute run time, Lenvatinib and its associated impurities were separated. The linearity was in
the range of 10 percent to 200 percent of rat plasma, and each analyte R2 value was found to be
0.999.

Conclusion:
This work indicates that all parameters, such as precision, recovery, accuracy, and
stability, were achieved as per USFDA guidelines. This approach can be used to investigate Lenvatinib
impurities and conduct pharmacokinetic studies involving rat plasma.
Knockdown of RhoA Expression Reverts Enzalutamide Resistance via the
p38 MAPK Pathway in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaoliang , Yin Lili , Xu Hui , Rong Jie , Feng Miao , Jiang Di , Bai Yunfeng 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Enzalutamide has been approved clinically for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) but is limited by the emergence of resistance. RhoA has been shown to play a vital role in carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of RhoA in enzalu-tamide-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear.

Objective:
This study investigated the role of RhoA and the associated mechanisms of RhoA deple-tion in enzalutamide resistance in CRPC.

Methods:
Western blotting, 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and colony formation assays were used to assess protein expression, survival, and proliferation of PCa cells, respectively. Xenograft experiments and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to detect further effects of RhoA on enzalutamide resistance in vivo.

Results:
In the present study, the expression of RhoA, ROCK2, p38, p-p38, and AR was upregulated in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells treated with enzalutamide, and silencing of RhoA or ROCK2 attenuated enzalutamide-resistant cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, the deletion of RhoA dramatically increased the efficacy of enzalutamide in inhibiting 22RV1-derived xenograft tumor growth. Additionally, there was no significant change in ROCK1 expression in C4-2R cells treated with or without enzalutamide. Mechanistically, the knockdown of RhoA expression reverted the resistance to enzalutamide via RhoA/ROCK2/p38 rather than RhoA/ROCK1/p38.

Conclusion:
Our results suggested that RhoA is a promising therapeutic target. As the inhibition of RhoA reverted enzalutamide resistance, it may increase its effectiveness in CRPC.
Summary of Research Progress on Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar
Metals
Authors: Zhang Tingliang , Gao Huaqiang , Xie Baocheng 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Friction stir welding technology is widely applied in the welding of dissimilar
metal materials because of its high welding efficiency, low welding process cost, high welding
joint strength and reliability, and green environmental protection. The research on the processing
methods and working principle of friction stir welding of dissimilar metals is beneficial to improve
the mechanical properties of the joint and reduce weld defects. Therefore, the development of reliable
friction stir welding technologies for dissimilar metals joining has been paid increasing attention
in recent years.

Objective:
The study aims to satisfy the processing of various dissimilar metals and improve the
joint performance and weld defects. Friction stir welding has developed into bobbin tool friction stir
welding and stationary shoulder friction stir welding.

Methods:
This paper retraces various current representative patents relative to friction stir welding,
bobbin tool friction stir welding, and stationary shoulder friction stir welding.

Results:
Through the investigation of a large number of patents on friction stir welding, the main
current existing problems, such as poor mechanical properties of the joints and defects in the welds,
are summarized and analyzed. In addition, the development trend of friction stir welding in dissimilar
metal welding is also discussed.

Conclusion:
The research on friction stir welding methods and devices is beneficial to improve the
mechanical properties of welded joints and reduce weld defects. More correlative patents will be
invented in the future.
The Application of the Box-Behnken Design Response Surface Methodology
to Study Optimized Formulation Variables on the Drug Release Pattern
of Benidipine Hydrochloride Extended-release Matrix Tablet
Authors: Prusty Amaresh , Gupta Bijon K. , Mishra Amiyakanta 
Published: March 2022

Background:
In this research study, an attempt has been made using Box-Behnken de-sign (BBD) Response Surface Methodology to find optimized formulation variables at 3 levels (low, medium, and high) to affect the dependent response, which is the % drug release pattern at different time intervals in extending drug release of Benidipine Hydrochloride(BH) matrix tablets. BH extended-release tablets reduce the side effects of multiple dosing used during conventional tab-lets.

Methods:
As in the preliminary work, we have found the most profound formulation factors for ex-tending drug release of BH matrix tablets are Eudragit RS 100 amount (X1), HPMC K 100 M (X2), chitosan amount (X3), which we selected as independent factors at their low and high levels for this study considering % drug release at three different time intervals i.e., R1 (% of drug release in 2 hours), R2 (% of drug release in 15 hours) and R3 (% of drug release in 18 hours) as dependent variables using a dissolution media of phosphate buffer pH of 6.8 with 75rpm.

Results:
From the experimental runs of prepared tablets as predicted by the Design-Expert software, the model shows a quadratic equation due to less p-value, and a very less difference was observed between adjusted R2 and predicted values R2 in all selected responses, which we considered as the % drug release.

Conclusion:
Therefore, by using the graphical response surface plot of BBD software, the opti-mized formulation of BH extended-release tablet of Eudragit RS 100, HPMC K 100 M, and Chi-tosan containing an amount of 45mg, 105 mg, and 45.71 mg, respectively shows an extended drug release of more than 18 hours. To construct a satisfying fit of the model for the optimized formula-tion, a result analysis was carried out for the internally studentized residuals versus the experimental runs indicating all data points were placed within limits, and the values of the predicted and actual response of each run were normally distributed near a straight line.
Video Game to Attenuate Pandemic-Related Stress From an Equity Lens: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Minian Nadia , Saiva Anika , Gayapersad Allison , Dragonetti Rosa , Proulx Catherine , Debergue Patricia , Lecce Julia , Hussain Sarwar , Desjardins Eric , Selby Peter 
Published: March 2022

Background
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has introduced additional pressures on an already fragile mental health care system due to a significant rise in depression, anxiety, and stress among Canadians. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be an efficacious treatment to reduce such mental health issues, few people have access to CBT in an engaging and sustainable manner. To address this gap, a collaboration between the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) developed CBT-based self-led, online, clinician-tested modules in the form of a video game, named Legend of Evelys, and evaluated its usability in the attenuation of a COVID-19–related increase in stress.

Objective
We here present the conceptualization and design of new self-care modules in the form of a video game, its implementation in a technological infrastructure, and inclusivity and privacy considerations that informed the development. A usability study of the modules was performed to assess the video game’s usability, user engagement, and user perceptions.

Methods
The development of the video game involved establishment of a technology infrastructure for secure implementation of the software for the modules and a clinician-led assessment of the clinical utility of these modules through two “whiteboard” sessions. The usability study was informed by a mixed methods sequential explanatory design to evaluate the intervention of the mobile app through two distinct phases: quantitative data collection using in-app analytics data and two surveys, followed by qualitative data collection by semistructured interviews.

Results
A total of 32 participants trialed the app for 2 weeks. They used the video game an average of six times and rated the game as “good” based on the Systems Usability Scale score. In terms of stress reduction, the study demonstrated a significant difference in the participants’ Perceived Stress Scale score at baseline (mean 22.14, SD 6.187) compared with that at the 2-week follow-up (mean 18.04, SD 6.083; t27=3.628, P=.001). Qualitative interviews helped participants identify numerous functionality issues and provided specific recommendations, most of which were successfully integrated into the video game for future release.

Conclusions
Through this collaboration, we have established that it is possible to incorporate CBT exercises into a video game and have these exercises adopted to address stress. While video games are a promising strategy to help people with their stress and anxiety, there is a further need to examine the real-world effectiveness of the Legend of Evelys in reducing anxiety.