bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How public and private health insurance coverage mitigates catastrophic health expenditures in Republic of Korea
Authors: Jung Hyun Woo , Kwon Young Dae , Noh Jin-Won 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The private health insurance (PHI) market in Republic of Korea has instituted indemnity insurance plans that provide partial reimbursements for some medical services or costs that are not covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI). To date, no study has estimated the extent to which PHI coverage lowers the economic burden of households’ access to health care. The current study aims to evaluate the design of Korea’s PHI system in terms of coverage using a catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) indicator and compare it with NHI.

Methods
This study determined the difference between the number of households that were subscribed to PHI and those that received reimbursements from PHI. Additionally, it compared the effects of reduced CHE by NHI benefits with PHI reimbursements. Furthermore, it compared PHI reimbursements based on income class. Finally, it analyzed the contribution of NHI and PHI to CHE reduction through a two-part model with hierarchical regression.

Results
The results indicated that of the 5644 households examined, 3769 subscribed to PHI, but only 246 households received reimbursements. Notably, NHI reduced CHE incidence by 15.17%, whereas PHI only reduced CHE by 1.22%. The NHI scheme indicated reduced inequality as it provided more benefits to the low-income class for their used medical services, whereas PHI paid more reimbursements to the high-income class. Accordingly, NHI coverage has protected households from CHE and improved equality to some extent; however, PHI coverage has had a relatively low effect on relieving CHE and has increased inequality.

Conclusions
The indemnity health insurance plans of PHI companies in Korea only cover partial medical costs or services, and so, most patients do not receive reimbursements. Thus, Korea’s PHI system needs to improve to provide benefits to patients more generously and alleviate their financial burden.
The role, mechanism, and application of RNA methyltransferase METTL14 in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Shi Bin , Liu Wei-Wei , Yang Ke , Jiang Guan-Min , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal cancer is the most common human malignancy characterized by high lethality and poor prognosis. Emerging evidences indicate that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes, exerts important roles in regulating mRNA metabolism including stability, decay, splicing, transport, and translation. As the key component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) catalyzes m6A methylation on mRNA or non-coding RNA to regulate gene expression and cell phenotypes. Dysregulation of METTL14 was deemed to be involved in various aspects of gastrointestinal cancer, such as tumorigenesis, progression, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Plenty of findings have opened up new avenues for exploring the therapeutic potential of gastrointestinal cancer targeting METTL14. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances regarding the biological functions of METTL14 in gastrointestinal cancer, discuss its potential clinical applications and propose the research forecast.
Association between four nontraditional lipids and ischemic stroke: a cohort study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tang Minhua , Zhao Qi , Yi Kangqi , Wu Yiling , Xiang Yu , Cui Shuheng , Su Xuyan , Yu Yuting , Zhao Genming , Jiang Yonggen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The correlation between nontraditional lipids and ischemic stroke (IS) is inconsistent and controversial. This study aimed to examine the association of four nontraditional lipids with IS risk in Chinese adults.

Methods
This prospective community-based cohort study was performed in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. The study began in 2016 and included 34,294 participants without stroke before the investigation. The association between nontraditional lipids (nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C], total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TC/HDL-C], triglyceride [TG]/HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]/HDL-C) and IS was studied with multivariate Cox regression models. The dose–response associations between these four serum lipids and IS were explored using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.

Results
There were a total of 458 IS cases with 166,380 person-years of follow-up. Compared with the lowest tertiles, the highest tertiles of the nontraditional blood lipids showed greater IS risk after controlling for potential confounders. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were as follows: TC/HDL-C, 1.63 (1.28–2.07); TG/HDL-C, 1.65 (1.28–2.13); LDL-C/HDL-C, 1.51 (1.18–1.92); and non-HDL-C, 1.43 (1.13–1.81). The fully adjusted RCS curves presented a nonlinear relationship, and the risk increased when the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C levels were > 3.47, > 0.92, and > 1.98, respectively.

Conclusions
This community-based cohort study presents a positive association between the four nontraditional lipids and IS incidence. Maintaining relatively low lipid ratios can be beneficial for preventing stroke. Nontraditional lipids can be considered targets for managing blood lipids.
What do we actually know about a common cause of plantar heel pain? A scoping review of heel fat pad syndrome
Authors: Chang Alison H. , Rasmussen Steven Zartov , Jensen Asger Emil , Sørensen Thomas , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe heel fat pad is an important structure of the foot as it functions as a cushion to absorb shock and distribute plantar force during ambulation. Clinical practice guidelines or decision support platforms emphasize that heel fat pad syndrome (HFPS) is a distinct pathology contributing to plantar heel pain. We aimed to identify and synthesize the prevalence, etiology and diagnostic criteria, and conservative management of HFPS.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in May 2021 and updated in April 2022, using MEDLINE, Scopus, Cinahl, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro and ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) for pertinent registrations. We included all study types and designs describing the prevalence; etiology and diagnostic criteria; and non‐pharmacological, non‐surgical interventions for HFPS.ResultsWe found a small body of original research for HFPS (n = 7). Many excluded full‐text articles were expert‐opinion articles or studies of heel fat pad in participants with plantar fasciitis/fasciopathy or unspecified heel pain. HFPS may be the second leading cause of plantar heel pain, based on two studies. A number of differentiating pain characteristics and behaviors may aid in diagnosing HFPS vs. plantar fasciopathy. Thinning heel fat pad confirmed by ultrasonography may provide imaging corroboration. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of viscoelastic heel cups or arch taping for managing HFPS do not exist.ConclusionsThe research literature for HFPS is sparse and sometimes lacking scientific rigor. We have identified a substantial knowledge gap for this condition, frequent inattention to distinguishing HFPS from plantar fasciopathy when describing plantar heel pain, and an absence of robust clinical trials to support the commonly recommended conservative management of HFPS.
Cardiac safety analysis of first-line chemotherapy drug pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Xin-Ru , Cheng Xing-Han , Zhang Guo-Nan , Wang Xiao-Xin , Huang Jian-Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a nano-doxorubicin anticancer agent. It was used as early as 2014 to treat ovarian and breast cancer, multiple myeloma and Kaposi's sarcoma. The 2018 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines listed PLD as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. PLD has significant anticancer efficacy and good tolerance. Although PLD significantly reduces the cardiotoxicity of conventional doxorubicin, its cumulative-dose cardiotoxicity remains a clinical concern. This study summarizes the high-risk factors for PLD-induced cardiotoxicity, clinical dose thresholds, and cardiac function testing modalities. For patients with advanced, refractory, and recurrent malignant tumors, the use of PLD is still one of the most effective strategies in the absence of evidence of high risk such as cardiac dysfunction, and the lifetime treatment dose should be unlimited. Of course, they should also be comprehensively evaluated in combination with the high-risk factors of the patients themselves and indicators of cardiac function. This review can help guide better clinical use of PLD.
The effect of treadmill walk with abdominal bracing versus usual care on functional limitation and fear-avoidance behaviours in the management of non-specific low back pain—a randomized control study
Authors: Olowe Olajide , Sokunbi Oluwaleke , Salisu Abdulrafiq , Okafor Anita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of a combined abdominal bracing technique concurrently with treadmill walking exercise seems not to have been widely investigated, The use of either abdominal bracing and treadmill walk as a single individual method of treatment has proven to be of immense benefit in athletic training and amelioration of pain and functional limitation among different age groups suffering from chronic low back pain. Thus, the need to investigate whether the combination of abdominal bracing and treadmill walking would produce greater benefits than when the exercises are carried out in isolation in the management of chronic low back pain patients.

Study design
The study was a randomized control.

Participants
Thirty-three participants who met the inclusion criteria with age from 18 to 65 participated in the study.

Aim
This study aimed to compare the effects of treadmill walk with and without abdominal bracing versus usual care on pain, functional limitation and fear-avoidance behaviours among patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.

Methods
Thirty-three non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) patients were randomized into three groups treadmill walk without abdominal bracing (TWW), treadmill walk with abdominal bracing (TWAB) and usual care (UC). Interventions were carried out for 6 weeks.

Outcome measure
Pre and post-intervention scores of pain intensity, functional limitation, and fear-avoidance belief were assessed with box numerical pain rating scales, Oswestry disability index and Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, respectively.

Results
Pre-intervention scores of pain intensity functional disability and fear-avoidance belief did not show significant differences among the groups (P >0.05). Within-group analysis with paired t-test showed that pain intensity and functional limitation were significantly reduced after 6 weeks of intervention among the 3 groups. Fear-avoidance belief recorded statistical reduction among the 2 treadmill procedures (TWAB and TWW) groups (P<0.05) but not in the usual care groups (P>0.05). Participants in the TWW group showed greater improvement than those in TWAB in terms of reduction in pain intensity (24.17±16.49), functional limitation (7.00±5.97, P = 0.001) and fear- avoidance (30.83±17.90, P = 0.003)

Conclusion
Treadmill walk with and without abdominal bracing as well as usual care could be effective in reducing pain. However, treadmill walk without abdominal bracing was more effective in improving back function in terms of reduction in pain intensity, functional limitation (as reported by the Oswestry scale) and reducing fear-avoidance behaviour (as reported by fear-avoidance belief scores).

Trial registration
PACTR, PACTR201910691645076. Registered on 22 October 2019.
Introduction of In Vivo Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and Real-Time Telepathology for Remote Intraoperative Neurosurgery-Pathology Consultation
Authors: Park Marian T. , Abramov Irakliy , Gooldy Timothy C. , Smith Kris A. , Porter Randall W. , Little Andrew S. , Lawton Michael T. , Eschbacher Jennifer M. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Precise communication between neurosurgeons and pathologists is crucial for optimizing patient care, especially for intraoperative diagnoses. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) combined with a telepathology software platform (TSP) provides a novel venue for neurosurgeons and pathologists to review CLE images and converse intraoperatively in real-time.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the feasibility of integrating CLE and a TSP in the surgical workflow for real-time review of in vivo digital fluorescence tissue imaging in 3 patients with intracranial tumors.

METHODS:
Although the neurosurgeon used the CLE probe to generate fluorescence images of histoarchitecture within the operative field that were displayed on monitors in the operating room, the pathologist simultaneously remotely viewed the CLE images. The neurosurgeon and pathologist discussed in real-time the histological structures of intraoperative imaging locations.

RESULTS:
The neurosurgeon placed the CLE probe at various locations on and around the tumor, in the surgical resection bed, and on surrounding brain tissue with communication through the TSP. The neurosurgeon oriented the pathologist to the location of the CLE, and the pathologist and neurosurgeon discussed the CLE images in real-time. The TSP and CLE were integrated successfully and rapidly in the operating room in all 3 cases. No patient had perioperative complications.

CONCLUSION:
Two novel digital neurosurgical cellular imaging technologies were combined with intraoperative neurosurgeon-pathologist communication to guide the identification of abnormal histoarchitectural tissue features in real-time. CLE with the TSP may allow rapid decision-making during tumor resection that may hold significant advantages over the frozen section process and surgical workflow in general.
Critical delay factors for construction projects in Central Aceh District, Indonesia
Authors: Rauzana Anita , Zahrah Aghnia , Dharma Wira 
Published: August 2022

Background: Construction development in Indonesia is growing rapidly, especially in Central Aceh District. Construction projects have distinctive characteristics and are very complex, so that risk events can have a serious impact on the viability of the project. Project delays can result in cost overruns and project losses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors causing project delays.The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the risk factors that cause delays in construction projects and (2) determine those particular risk factors that have a greater influence on construction projects. The location of this research was Central Aceh District. Methods: The data in this study were primary data in the form of a questionnaire and secondary data obtained from the literature related to this particular type of research. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents, namely contractor companies located in the Central Aceh District. The questionnaires were distributed to determine respondents' opinions about the level of influence of risk factors causing project delays. We used a validity test, reliability test, and descriptive analysis for data processing. Results: Based on the results of the study from 47 respondents, the “very high influence” category (Mode=5) for the tool malfunction factor, cost estimation inaccuracy, increased work costs, implementation of new technologies, details, accuracy and conformity to specifications that are not appropriate, worker quarrels, poor project planning and management, poor condition at locations and accessibility difficulty. Conclusions: Of the 80 risk factors that caused project delays, eight risk factors were found to have a very high influence on the implementation of construction projects in Central Aceh District. Practical implications: The results of this study provide knowledge to contractor companies about the delay factors that have the most influence on project implementation so that they are expected to be able to manage risks to avoid losses.
Factors associated with health facility delivery in Kitui County: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mutiiria Mathew Munyamaara , Mbugua Gabriel Gatimu , Marwanga Doris 
Published: August 2022

Background: High maternal mortality rate is a major public health concern in developing countries. Skilled birth delivery is central to reducing maternal mortality, yet health facility delivery remains low in Kitui County, Kenya. Our study estimated prevalence of unskilled delivery and identified factors associated with health facility delivery in Kitui County. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted December 2017-February 2018. 245 women from five administrative wards were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables that had p value ≤0.05 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariable regression model to assess for confounders. Variables with a p value of ≤0.05 in multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: We interviewed 245 (240 analyzed) women from the five wards; the majority were 16-25 years age group (45.5%; 110/240). Mean age was 27±6.6 years. Prevalence of health facility delivery was 50.4%. Distance from a health facility, number of children in a household, occupation of the respondent’s partner, number of antenatal clinic (ANC) visits and means of transport were significant factors for not delivering in a health facility. On multivariate analysis, women who lived >5km from health facility were less likely to deliver in a health facility (AOR =0.36; 95% CI 0.15- 0.86). Women who attended ≥ 4 ANC visits were 4 times more likely to deliver in a health facility (95% CI 2.01-8.79). Conclusions: More than half of the respondents delivered in a health facility. A long distance from the health facility is a hindrance to accessing ANC services. Inadequate ANC visits was associated with home delivery. Improving accessibility of health care services and health education on family planning would increase delivery at a health facility. We recommend Kitui County introduce five satellite clinics/ambulatory services for expectant women to access ANC and maternal services.
Evaluating the responses of some wheat landraces and cultivars cultivated locally in Saudi Arabia to three sources of irrigation water
Authors: Sultan F. Alsharari  , Ibrahim A. A. Almohisen  
Published: August 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the response of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces to three irrigation sources, freshwater (FW), well water (WW), and treated municipal wastewater (TMW), regarding the impact on growth, yield, and grains elements contents. The results showed that the various wheat landraces irrigated with treated wastewater were significantly taller (117.3 cm) with multi tillers (22 tiller plant-1), had maximum spikes per plant (2.6), and longer weighty spikes (14.5 cm & 12.1 g). Landraces L1(Burr), L2 (Baldy Burr), C7 (Yecora Rojo), had maximum tillers, L4 (Alssamaa Burr), L5 (Bahaal Burr), L7 (Yecora Rojo) had more spikes per plant and the longer weighty spikes were recorded in L5 Baldy Burr, L1(Burr), heavy spikes were reported in L5 (Bahaal Burr) and L1(Burr). Moreover, these landraces had the highest yield per plant and 1000 grains weight (49.8 g, 12.5 g) respectively. The N, P, K, and Mg contents were increased under TMW, and their levels in landraces and cultivars in order are 3>L2>L4>L5>L1>C6>C7. Even Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn levels were higher in various landraces irrigated with TMW, however, L3, L2, and L4 had maximum contents of all microelements. TMW irrigation enhanced growth, yield, and grain quality in terms of essential elements. The irrigation of landraces L1, L4, L5 with TMW may be a feasible alternative for sustainable wheat production and safe water in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia.
Indonesian basic olfactory terms: more negative types but more positive tokens
Authors: Siahaan Poppy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the semantics of a dozen basic smell terms in Indonesian using data from a large corpus of written register. Examining how these smell terms lexicalize some odors but not others raises questions that are central to our understanding of the language of olfaction. How are smell terms structured? What does the structure of smell terms tell us about human behavior? By applying cluster analysis, the present study reveals that the Indonesian odor lexicon is structured based on one dimension correlating with pleasantness. The large dataset of a written corpus enables the present study to reveal the differences in lexicalization and frequency: Indonesian smell terms have more negative types but more positive tokens in texts. This novel approach to investigating smell terms allows us to take a step closer toward our goal of understanding olfactory vocabulary, as data on token frequency are difficult to obtain in studies of (unwritten) minority languages. This key finding supports the Pollyanna Hypothesis: people tend to use positive words more often than negative words, but the negative words convey more information.
Synthesis of ring-A serjanic acid derivatives and their cytotoxic evaluation through the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA)
Authors: Galarraga Elier , Gómez Sherezade , Mavares Andersson , Urdaneta Neudo , Amaro-Luis Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sixteen serjanic acid derivatives were synthesized by modification of the A-ring of the triterpenoid skeleta. Fischer indolization of intermediate 2 with the requisite aromatic hydrazines afforded the indolo-triterpenes 8–13. Also, reaction of 2 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine provided the desired C-3 oxime 14, while pyrazine 15 was obtained by condensation of 2 in the presence of ethylenediamine and sulphur in morpholine. Finally, the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of intermediate 2 with corresponding substituted benzaldehydes 16–23, afforded benzylidine ketones 24–31. All compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic data and evaluated for their in-vitro cytotoxicity to the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). As a result, the compounds exhibited medium to good cytotoxic potential and this activity was as high as eight times that of serjanic acid (1) on the tested zoophytes.
On Sets of Points in General Position That Lie on a Cubic Curve in the Plane
Authors: Makhul Mehdi , Pinchasi Rom 
Published: August 2022

Let P be a set of n points in general position in the plane. Let R be a set of points disjoint from P such that for every x, y € P the line through x and y contains a point in R. We show that if is contained in a cubic curve c in the plane, then P has a special property with respect to the natural group structure on c. That is, P is contained in a coset of a subgroup H of c of cardinality at most |R|.We use the same approach to show a similar result in the case where each of B and G is a set of n points in general position in the plane and every line through a point in B and a point in G passes through a point in R. This provides a partial answer to a problem of Karasev.The bound is best possible at least for part of our results. Our extremal constructions provide a counterexample to an old conjecture attributed to Jamison about point sets that determine few directions.