bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of oscillations in katabatic Prandtl slope flows
Authors: Henao‐Garcia Sebastian , Xiao Cheng‐Nian , Senocak Inanc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDynamically unstable katabatic Prandtl slope flows are studied via numerical simulations and spectral analysis. Results confirm the presence of aperiodic temporal and spatial oscillations in the flow fields due to the emergence and propagation of flow instabilities. Damped en masse
oscillations are observed to dominate the initial oscillatory stage of laminar katabatic slope flows. Stationary longitudinal rolls, which are dominant at shallow slopes, are observed to meander with increasing stratification perturbation parameter and the average distance between the rolls exhibits a strong dependence on slope inclination for slope angles less than . At much steeper slopes, traveling slope waves emerge and they are transported at the mean jet velocity. Both types of instability rolls coexist for certain combinations of dimensionless parameters, forming intricate structures that break into smaller eddies as the flow becomes more dynamically unstable. In the dynamically unstable nonturbulent regime, en masse oscillations are insignificant, but their normalised frequency can be used to discern the type of flow instability.
Parameter estimation for a class of time‐varying systems with the invariant matrix
Authors: Xu Ning , Ding Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the identification of time‐varying systems. Differently from the conventional polynomial approximation approaches, the changing laws of the time‐varying parameters are considered to build the identification model for the time‐varying systems. Specifically, the concept of the invariant matrix is put forward to characterize the time‐varying parameters and to establish the state‐space model with regard to the system parameters. Then this article proposes a stacked state estimation algorithm to achieve the time‐varying parameter estimation. Moreover, for the purpose of enhancing the computational efficiency, a detached state estimation algorithm is proposed by reducing the dimension of the state vector to reconstruct the state equation. Finally, a numerical simulation example is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Microscale 3D Printing and Tuning of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Groetsch Alexander , Stelzl Samuel , Nagel Yannick , Kochetkova Tatiana , Scherrer Nadim C. , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Michler Johann , Pethö Laszlo , Siqueira Gilberto , Nyström Gustav , Schwiedrzik Jakob 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for functional materials and an efficient use of sustainable resources makes the search for new material systems an ever growing endeavor. With this respect, architected (meta‐)materials attract considerable interest. Their fabrication at the micro‐ and nanoscale, however, remains a challenge, especially for composites with highly different phases and unmodified reinforcement fillers. This study demonstrates that it is possible to create a non‐cytotoxic nanocomposite ink reinforced by a sustainable phase, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), to print and tune complex 3D architectures using two‐photon polymerization, thus, advancing the state of knowledge toward the microscale. Micro‐compression, high‐res scanning electron microscopy, (polarised) Raman spectroscopy, and composite modeling are used to study the structure‐property relationships. A 100% stiffness increase is observed already at 4.5 wt% CNC while reaching a high photo‐polymerization degree of ≈80% for both neat polymers and CNC‐composites. Polarized Raman and the Halpin–Tsai composite‐model suggest a random CNC orientation within the polymer matrix. The microscale approach can be used to tune arbitrary small scale CNC‐reinforced polymer‐composites with comparable feature sizes. The new insights pave the way for future applications where the 3D printing of small structures is essential to improve performances of tissue‐scaffolds, extend bio‐electronics applications or tailor microscale energy‐absorption devices.
Assessment of antiretroviral drugs in vegetables: Evaluation of microwave‐assisted extraction performance with and without solid‐phase extraction cleanup
Authors: Kunene Philisiwe , Mahlambi Precious 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study presents unique data on concentrations of antiretroviral drugs, (abacavir, nevirapine, and efavirenz) in the root, leaf, and fruit vegetables. The microwave‐assisted extraction, solid‐phase extraction, and liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection were applied to assess antiretroviral drugs in vegetable samples. The analytical method showed high precision with the linearity (R2) greater than 0.99, with acceptable, and accuracy with recoveries ranging from 85 to 103% for microwave‐assisted extraction and from 87% to 104% for solid‐phase extraction. The limit of detection and quantification ranged from 0.020 to 0.032 μg/kg and from 0.068 to 0.109 μg/kg for microwave‐assisted extraction and from 0.019 to 0.066 μg/L and 0.065 to 0.22 μg/L for solid‐phase extraction, respectively and the repeatability of the methods as relative standard deviation was a less than 6%. The antiretroviral drugs concentration range obtained in vegetable samples is not detected–1.48 ± 0.5 μg/kg for abacavir, not detected–27.9 ± 1.2 μg/kg for nevirapine, and not detected–13.14 ± 0.1 μg/kg for efavirenz. The microwave‐assisted extraction method with solid‐phase extraction cleanup resulted in low concentration compared to microwave‐assisted extraction without cleanup which could be due to its high limits of detection and quantification making it less sensitive. However, the concentration difference was not significant. Root vegetables (beetroot) exhibited high concentrations of antiretroviral drugs, while nevirapine was found to have high concentration and as a dominant compound.
U.S.‐China trade war and competitive advantage of Vietnam
Authors: Dhar Bablu Kumar , Tiep Le Thanh , Coffelt Tina A. , Shaturaev Jakhongir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChina has been losing international competitiveness in labor‐intensive industries due to various factors, including the trade war with the United States and globalization. Vietnam, however, has rapidly expanded its labor‐intensive exports. The paper proposes to explore the future of labor‐intensive industries in Vietnam due to the U.S.‐China trade war. The paper examines export performance data from United Nation Comtrade for 10 specific labor‐intensive industries that serve the U.S. market between 2000 and 2020 to assess the possibility of Vietnam overtaking China's position as the world's largest manufacturer. Using situation analysis, the paper compares the competitive advantage of Vietnam in labor‐intensive industries due to the U.S.‐China trade war. The paper found that China's competitiveness was negatively impacted for the final two periods, while Vietnam's competitive advantage increased.
Sulfur‐nitrogen bond activation to give polynuclear terbium(III) complexes
Authors: Lüert Daniel , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years the SN ligand platform was progressing toward high performing lanthanide‐based single‐molecule magnets. Especially the sodium and potassium triimidosulfites are the most promising starting materials. Hence, the [Na(thf)6][S(tmsN)3(thf)3Na3{(Ntms)3S}] (1), [S(tBuN)3(thf)3K3{(HNtBu)(NtBu)2S}] (2), and [S(tBuN)3(thf)3Na3{(HNtBu)(NtBu)2S}] (L1) precursors were prepared.L1leads to four different terbium derivatives upon reaction with the terbium halide salts. For the derived complexes [ClTb{Na(thf)}2{(NtBu)3S}2] (3), [{Na(thf)}2{S(tBuN)3}TbSTb{Na(thf)}2{(NtBu)3S}] (4), [(tBuNH)Tb{(NtBu)3S}]2(5), and [{S(tBuN)3}TbSTb{(NtBu)3S}]2(6) the solid‐state structures were determined and compared. Unfortunately, isolation of these four complexes in preparative applicable yields could not yet be accomplished.
Vision Zero in Germany
Authors: Hell Wolfram , Bodewig Kurt , Hammer Ute , Kellner Christian , Klinke Clemens , Mück Matthias , Schreiner Martin , Walz Felix , Zielke Guido 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVision Zero has a central role in traffic safety in Germany. Finally, it was even a relevant point in the coalition treaty from the Federal Governing Parties in the year 2018.It is a unifying theme for safety measures taken on the federal, state, and local levels and in private, nonprofit traffic safety organizations. In later years, cooperation between these different agents has been intensified. Evaluation and measurability are essential in the German approach to Vision Zero. One example of this is the statistical work performed every year to identify “zero cities,” i.e., cities that had zero road fatalities the previous year. A yearly award puts focus on cities that have a particularly long string of zero years, in relation to their size. This is performed on an international level, and cities around the world are incentivized by these recognitions. Munich is used as an example of a city that has recently stepped up its traffic safety work. The city has adopted Vision Zero and followed up this with intensified traffic safety work, including improved data collection, the identification of accident black spots, targeted measures to improve safety in these black spots, safety audits of new infrastructure plans, etc. Before the introduction of new traffic technologies which may have an impact on safety, in-depth technology assessment has to be performed. This is illustrated by an example in which sufficient prior technology assessment did not take place, namely the introduction of e-scooters in Germany. After their introduction, they have turned out to be significantly more dangerous than bicycles, as can be seen from the statistics of fatalities and severe injuries. Proposals are made for measures are needed to reverse this trend, including obligatory use of helmets. The dialogue with neighbor states is also essential. Here the Traffic Expert Society of Medical and Technical Biomechanics, gmttb (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland= D A CH), has initiated to discuss and bundle basic principles of the Vision Zero in three neighbor countries. To promote Vision Zero, gmttb also organizes interdisciplinary yearly conferences with experts from Austria (Vision Zero is a state philosophy) and Switzerland (here named Via Sicura) to bundle strength and adopt ideas together with Swedish and multinational experts. As well as a yearly gmttb Vision Zero Safety Award is granted to motivate people, organizations, and manufacturers to promote good ideas for better traffic safety.
The Development of the “Vision Zero” Approach in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cockfield Samantha , Healy David , Harris Anne , McIntyre Allison , Cavallo Antonietta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor many decades, road safety measures in Australia focused almost exclusively on behavioral approaches. When Claes Tingvall was appointed Director of MUARC, he introduced the concept of “Vision Zero” to Australia and, with it, the “Safe System” approach. While political leaders initially regarded a vision for zero deaths as unachievable, they supported the inherent logic of the Safe System.Initially the Safe System was applied as four independent pillars. While this lack of integration had limitations, it did enable road safety measures to move beyond road user behavior to focus more on safer road infrastructure and vehicle safety.The initial Safe System approach became “Towards Zero” an approach that accepts humans are fragile, and the road system designed to protect from death or serious injury was adopted across all Australia jurisdictions between 2004 and 2018.Public education has been used to introduce and explain Towards Zero and bring greater attention to the importance of purchasing a safe vehicle. Infrastructure investment has moved from a “blackspot” approach to the Safe System approach. However, shifting community and decision-makers’ understanding of the importance of speed limits being set to match the safety standard and design of a road remains a challenge. Future opportunities involve better integration of the components of the Safe System, focusing on serious injuries and improving strategy delivery, performance reporting, management, and accountability.
Saving Lives Beyond 2020: The Next Steps
Authors: Tingvall Claes , Michael Jeffrey P. , Larsson Peter , Lie Anders , Segui-Gomez Maria , Wong Shaw Voon , Kobusingye Olive , Krafft Maria , Wegman Fred , Peden Margie , Hyder Adnan , Khayesi Meleckidzedeck , Dumbaugh Eric , Cockfield Samantha , Furas Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoad safety has come a long way in our lifetimes, and there are steps in this progress that mark their place in history. Many of these were technical innovations, such as seat belts, electronic stability control, and geofencing for vehicle speed control. Also important, though perhaps fewer in number, were innovations in strategies to achieve change. These include the public health model of Dr. William Haddon, the introduction of Vision Zero, the World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention from WHO and the World Bank, and more recently, the Decade of Action 2011–2020. I am sure that the work and recommendations presented in this report will deserve their place in a “Hall of Fame” for strategic innovation in saving lives across the globe.
Holographic BCFT spectra from brane mergers
Authors: Biswas Shovon , Kastikainen Jani , Shashi Sanjit , Sully James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We use holography to study the spectra of boundary conformal field theories (BCFTs). To do so, we consider a 2-dimensional Euclidean BCFT with two circular boundaries that correspond to dynamical end-of-the-world branes in 3-dimensional gravity. Interactions between these branes inform the operator content and the energy spectrum of the dual BCFT. As a proof of concept, we first consider two highly separated branes whose only interaction is taken to be mediated by a scalar field. The holographic computation of the scalar-mediated exchange reproduces a light scalar primary and its global descendants in the closed-string channel of the dual BCFT. We then consider a gravity model with point particles. Here, the interaction of two separated branes corresponds to a heavy operator which lies below the black hole threshold. However, we may also consider branes at finite separation that “merge” non-smoothly. Such brane mergers can be used to describe unitary sub-threshold boundary-condition-changing operators in the open-string spectrum of the BCFT. We also find a new class of sub-threshold Euclidean bra-ket wormhole saddles with a factorization puzzle for closed-string amplitudes.
Das 9-Euro-Ticket: Erfahrungen, Wirkungsmechanismen und Nachfolgeangebot
Authors: Krämer Andreas , Wilger Gerd , Bongaerts Robert 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungAuf der Basis einer aktuellen empirischen Untersuchung wird das 9-Euro-Ticket, das in den Monaten Juni, Juli und August 2022 in Deutschland genutzt werden konnte, bewertet. Trotz erheblicher Vorbehalte gegenüber dem Ticket vor dessen Einführung und trotz der teilweisen Überforderung des ÖPNV-Systems ist das Urteil der Nutzenden im Rückblick überwiegend positiv. Diese Bewertung bietet zudem wichtige Implikationen für das Nachfolgemodell.
Methoden zur Erkennung des Kartoffelkäfers (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) mit Multispektral- und Farbbildkamera-Sensoren
Authors: Dammer Karl-Heinz 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungZu Beginn einer Massenvermehrung des Kartoffelkäfers sind in der Regel nur eine begrenzte Anzahl Kartoffelpflanzen im Feld befallen (Befallsherde). Bei einer schaderregerbezogenen gezielten Insektizidspritzung würden in Abhängigkeit von Bekämpfungsschwellen nur diese Befallsherde behandelt, was zu einer erheblichen Reduzierung des Insektizideinsatzes führen könnte. Voraussetzung ist ein lückenloses Monitoring des gesamten Feldes. Durch den Betrieb von Kamerasensoren am Traktor z. B. während Pflegemaßnahmen oder an unbemannten Fluggeräten (UAVs) könnte eine schnelle Erfassung ermöglicht werden. Die Vielzahl der dabei anfallenden Bilder muss mit geeigneten Bildverarbeitungsmethoden zeitnah, idealerweise in Echtzeit (real-time) ausgewertet werden, wobei eine hochgenaue Erkennung der verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien des Käfers in den aufgenommenen Bildern im Vordergrund steht.Im Beitrag wird die Methodik des Einsatzes einer Multispektralkamera sowie dreier handelsüblicher Farbbildkameras (RGB) für die Aufnahme von Boden- bzw. Luftbildern und die Ergebnisse von Feldtests zur Erkennung der jeweiligen Entwicklungsstadien des Kartoffelkäfers abhängig vom Wachstum der Kartoffelpflanzen vorgestellt. Während die Klassifizierung von Kartoffelkäferlarven in den Traktor-basierten multispektralen Bilder in Echtzeit während des Betriebes des Sensors erfolgte, wurden die RGB-Bilder mit Hilfe eines künstlichen neuronalen Netzes nach der Bildaufnahme ausgewertet.Eigelege und das erste Larvenstadium befinden sich an der Blattunterseite. Mit einem kamerabestückten Vertikalsensor, mit dem schräg nach oben Aufnahmen generiert wurden sowie mittels UAV-Bildern, ließen sich diese Stadien in den RGB-Bildern nachweisen. Ein Monitoring unterhalb der Pflanzenoberfläche bietet dem Landwirt einen Zeitvorteil bei der Bekämpfungsentscheidung (z. B. Planung Technikeinsatz, Beschaffung Insektizide).Im Beitrag werden Beispielsbilder sowie ein möglicher Praxiseinsatz der vorgestellten sensorbasierten Monitoringmethoden oberhalb und unterhalb der Pflanzenoberfläche aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
A Contextual Reintegration of Shaw’s 1959–1964 Igbo-Ukwu Excavation Sites and Their Material Culture
Authors: Ray Keith 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper interrogates afresh what the various Igbo-Ukwu site contexts, carefully examined and closely documented by Shaw, represent in terms of depositional history (that is, the sequence and interrelation of events and processes embodied in the archaeologically observable site features). To this end, the paper re-specifies key contextual relationships at the three excavated sites and addresses the time-depth that each series of site contexts represents. It also considers what the spatial and artifactual relationships—both within and between the sites—may reveal about the ordering of settlement locally and regionally. There has been an understandable assumption that there must be more buried bronzes and elaborate artifacts, like those discovered beneath the Anozie family compounds between 1937 and 1964, to be found in the close vicinity and in the broader Igbo-Ukwu area. Although there will undoubtedly be much to discover, including early ceramics, this article concludes that the principal items recovered 50 years ago, and to a degree also their circumstances of deposition, may represent a unique situation and a key juncture in early Igbo history.
Local food systems, citizen and public science, empowered communities, and democracy: hopes deserving to live
Authors: Lacy William 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince 1984, the AHV journal has provided a key forum for a community of interdisciplinary, international researchers, educators, and policy makers to analyze and debate core issues, values and hopes facing the nation and the world, and to recommend strategies and actions for addressing them. This agenda includes the more specific challenges and opportunities confronting agriculture, food systems, science, and communities, as well as broader contextual issues and grand challenges. This paper draws extensively on 40 years of AHV journal articles and reviews and begins with a focus on a limited number of key grand challenges (climate change and global warming; threats to democracy and the growing neo-nationalism, populism, and authoritarianism; and increasing national and international inequality). With these challenges as the underlining context, the remainder of the paper addresses core journal themes of sustainable agriculture and local food systems, citizen and public science, and empowered communities. Highlighted are numerous important journal contributions to the analyses and recommendations to address these hopes and themes. I conclude that these themes and hopes not only deserve to live but are essential for changing and redirecting an unsustainable and destructive environmental, economic, political and social agenda to a viable, livable and just democratic society.
Genetic analysis of anemone-type and single-type inflorescences in chrysanthemum using genotyping-by-sequencing
Authors: Lee Ye-Ji , Jung Jae-A , Lee Na Hyeong , Kim Jung Sun , Won So Youn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlower shape is a key trait of ornamental and commercial importance in breeding programs for chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Understanding the genetic basis of the phenotypic variation seen in inflorescence-related traits will contribute to genetic improvement and to the development of new varieties. In this study, we investigated the genetic determinants of inflorescence traits using an F1 segregating population derived from a cross between two cultivars with different inflorescence types, ‘Puma White’ (anemone-shaped inflorescence) and ‘Dancer’ (single-type inflorescence). Genotyping-by-sequencing identified 26,847 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between 182 F1 progenies and their parents. A genome-wide association study highlighted 17 SNPs mapping to 15 GBS-tags as being significantly associated with three inflorescence traits: flower type, number of ray florets, and disk flower diameter. No single SNP was associated with flower diameter. These SNP-harboring sequences defined ten candidate genes associated with inflorescence traits. We explored the transcript levels for nine of these in flower buds, disk florets and ray florets using publicly available genome and transcriptome data. These results will provide the genetic and genomic foundation to harness important horticultural traits and explore new avenues in chrysanthemum breeding.
The Parent-completed Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire: Exploring Children’s Sensory Sensitivities and Their Relationship to Well-being
Authors: Smees Rebecca , Rinaldi Louisa J. , Simmons David R. , Simner Julia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSensory sensitivities in children are found not only across a range of childhood disorders, but also within the general population. The current exploratory study examines the reliability and validity of a novel parent-report measure which assesses sensory-sensitivities in both typically developing and non-typically developing children. This 42-item Parent-completed Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ-P) has been adapted by us from an existing adult tool (Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire), and measures children’s hyper-sensitivities (sensory overload leading to avoidance-behaviours) and hypo-sensitivities (sensory dampening leading to seeking-behaviours) across seven different sense domains (visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, vestibular, proprioception). We validated this novel measure on the parents of 601 English children 6–11 years. Both the long version (42-items GSQ-P) and an additional reduced version (24-item rGSQ-P) significantly associated with children’s anxiety, behavioural difficulties, and ability to empathise. As expected, sensory sensitivities were invariant across age and gender, but non-typically developing children had significantly elevated scores compared to typically developing peers (in both GSQ-P and rGSQ-P). We also provide insight into the structure of sensory sensitivities in children, showing for the first time that hyper sensitivities cluster by sense (e.g., tactile questions cluster together; visual questions cluster together) whilst hypo sensitivities cluster by behaviour (e.g., a cluster of seeking-behaviours irrespective of sense; a cluster of sensory dampening irrespective of sense). We offer both instruments (GSQ-P and rGSQ-P) as free reliable measures for better understanding children’s sensitivities, for use in different circumstances depending on focus.