bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of a Girl With Delayed Puberty and Elevated Gonadotropins
Authors: McGlacken-Byrne Sinéad M , Achermann John C , Conway Gerard S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A girl presenting with delayed puberty and elevated gonadotropins may have a range of conditions such as Turner syndrome (TS), primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and 46,XY disorders of sexual development (DSD). An organized and measured approach to investigation can help reach a timely diagnosis. Management of young people often requires specialist multidisciplinary input to address the endocrine and nonendocrine features of these complex conditions, as well as the psychological challenges posed by their diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing within the research setting has revealed several genetic causes of POI and 46,XY DSD, which may further facilitate an individualized approach to care of these young people in the future. Pubertal induction is required in many and the timing of this may need to be balanced with other issues specific to the condition (eg, allowing time for information-sharing in 46,XY DSD, optimizing growth in TS). Shared decision-making and sign-posting to relevant support groups from the outset can help empower young people and their families to manage these conditions. We describe 3 clinical vignettes of girls presenting with delayed puberty and hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and discuss their clinical management in the context of current literature and guidelines.
Today We Fly, Tomorrow We Fall: William Faulkner’sPylonin Fascist Italy
Authors: Tydal Fredrik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 1937, two years following the American original, Pylon became the first novel by William Faulkner to be translated into Italian. The choice, however, is unexpected, given the critique of technology in Faulkner’s cautionary tale, which would seem to oppose the fascist ideology of Mussolini’s regime, then at its height. Like the futurists, whose ideas they appropriated, the fascists idealized technological progress, committing themselves to what Faulkner’s novel calls into question. The translation of foreign literature under fascism was a complex and dynamic field, as theorized by Cesare Pavese, who argued that American novels in Italian translation played a role in the domestic intellectual resistance. Against this background, the Italian translation of Faulkner’s novel may thus appear as an antifascist act. Indeed, the translator’s introduction to the work foregrounds the theme of technological critique and implicitly asserts its relevance for contemporary Italy. A closer examination of publisher and translator complicates the picture, revealing contradictory intentions and casting subversive aims into doubt. Nevertheless, an ambitious publishing project in the immediate postwar period, which sought to mobilize the novel for the purposes of national reconstruction, confirms the inherent antifascist potential of the translation.
The Elusiveness of Commonality: Late Twentieth-Century Sinology and the Search for a Shared Lyric Language
Authors: Varsano Paula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the study of what we now call “premodern” China gained traction among students in the postwar United States, the question of how it should be approached emerged as a divisive issue among interested scholars, perhaps nowhere as much as it did among those with a particular interest in Chinese poetry. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the stakes seemed high as scholars confronted their passionate disagreements about things as fundamental as the proper subject of study and the most fruitful methodology. Is China a coherent and self-sufficient subject of study? Can it be rightly and accurately characterized as a civilization so separate from the West, and so perfectly integrated within itself, as to render impossible—and even damaging—an approach to any aspect of its civilization that enables comparison? What is lost and what is gained if one chooses to focus more on Chinese poetry as poetry and less on Chinese poetry as Chinese? Is it really necessary—or possible—to choose? Or is it possible to find balance along a continuum? Of particular interest is the discourse of scholars who saw in the rise of formalist studies of literature either an opportunity or a threat. This article traces just some of the lines of resistance and exploration, convergence, and bifurcation that developed in this period, observing that the disagreements that were exercising these camps, while quite real, were not as absolute as their rhetoric would suggest.
Mouvance in Medieval Chinese Textual Culture: Lunyu 論語 in a Dunhuang Florilegium
Authors: Nugent Christopher M. B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This essay applies the approaches of the “new medievalism,” mouvance or “mutability” in particular, to medieval textual materials purporting to contain parts of the classics, focusing on Lunyu 論語 (Analects), Shangshu 尚書 (Documents), and Xiaojing 孝經 (Classic of Filial Piety). Using Dunhuang manuscripts of the florilegium titled Xinji wenci jiujing chao 新集文詞九經抄 (New Compilation of Phrases Excerpted from the Nine Classics), the essay shows that the texts of these classics presented by such compilations differed substantially from the “official” texts of the time as represented by the versions carved in stone during the Kaicheng reign period (836–841). The essay further argues that such florilegia as Xinji wenci jiujing chao were likely widely used, implying that many readers in the period may have had a different conception of the contents of the classics from what we might assume they had. This has implications for our understanding of intertextuality in literary works from the period.
Theories of Spatiality and the Study of Medieval China
Authors: Luo Manling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Space is a ubiquitous and essential dimension of human existence, so much so that it is often taken for granted. In what has been dubbed the “spatial turn,” Western scholars in geography, philosophy, history, literature, and other disciplines have tried to reorient critical perspectives in order to account for the importance of space to humanity. Meanwhile, space/place has been a fairly prominent subject in the study of medieval China. This essay contrasts Western general and local theories and Sinological studies to show their divergent and overlapping concerns. The juxtaposition illustrates how Western theories of spatiality can help open up new possibilities for Sinological studies of medieval China. Meanwhile, such engagements can also enhance the relevance of Sinological studies of medieval China to the developments in broader academia and beyond.
Synthesis of Cationic Sandwich-type Ruthenium Complexes with η6-Arene Ligands Bearing Long Alkyl Chains and Their Behavior in Water
Authors: Nakamura Yushi , Wakabayashi Misato , Sadakane Koichiro , Ohta Tetsuo , Oe Yohei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Novel sandwich-type ruthenium complexes [Ru(η6-arene)(p-cymene)](BF4)2, in which the η6-arene ligands have long alkyl chains, were prepared. These complexes were dispersed in water to form corresponding micelles. Alkoxy moieties on the η6-arene ligands were reacted with OH− to afford the corresponding phenolic species. Thus, [Ru(p-undecyloxyanisole)(p-cymene)]2+ was converted to [Ru(η6-p-methoxyphenolate)(p-cymene)]+ through the unexpected demethylation by treatment with Na2CO3 with the micelle remaining. The micelle collapsed when similar ruthenium complex bearing dodecyl 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)acetate as an arene ligand was treated with Na2CO3 aq.
Growth kinetics of multiple Acinetobacter baumannii resistotype after meropenem-based antibiotic combination exposure
Authors: Rivani Erizka , Endraswari Pepy Dwi , Widodo Agung Dwi Wahyu 
Published: July 2022

Background: Carbapenems are the treatment of choice for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections, but the emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) has rendered it ineffective in the vast majority of cases. Combination therapy has grown in popularity over the last decade; this study aims to analyze A.baumannii growth kinetics after exposure to meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam compared with meropenem and amikacin antibiotic combinations in clinically relevant concentrations. Methods: This experimental laboratory study was conducted on the A.baumannii ATCC 19606 isolate and three clinical isolates that were intermediate or resistant to tested antibiotics. Meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam, as well as meropenem and amikacin, were tested at four different concentrations against isolates. Turbidity measurements were taken at predetermined time points of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours following exposure; bacterial concentration was enumerated using the agar plate method, with the results plotted in a time-kill curve.  Results: A bactericidal effect was achieved in isolates that were intermediate to ampicillin sulbactam and resistant to meropenem after the administration of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam combination with a concentration of 4 µg/ml and 16/8 µg/ml, respectively. The combination of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against isolates that were resistant to both antibiotics. Isolates treated with resistant antibiotics showed an increased growth rate compared to the growth control. Conclusion: The combination of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam could be a promising combination therapy in treating CRAB infections. The mechanism and degree of antibiotic resistance in the isolates affect the efficacy of antibiotic combinations; further research is needed to corroborate the findings of this study.
Importance of respiratory syncytial virus as a predictor of hospital length of stay in bronchiolitis
Authors: Buendia Jefferson Antonio , Guerrero Patino Diana 
Published: July 2022

Introduction : Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children. Estimate potentially preventable variables that impact the length of hospital stay are a priority to reduce the costs associated with this disease. This study aims to identify clinical variables associated with length of hospital stay of bronchiolitis in children in a tropical middle-income country Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 417 infants with bronchiolitis in tertiary centers in Colombia. All medical records of all patients admitted through the emergency department were reviewed. To identify factors independently associated we use negative binomial regression model, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and adjust for potential confounding variables Results : The median of the length of hospital stay was 3.68 days, with a range of 0.74 days to 29 days, 138 (33.17%) of patients have a hospital stay of 5 or more days. After modeling and controlling for potential confounders age <6 months, comorbidities (CHD or neurological), BPD, chest indrawing, detection of RSV, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of LOS Conclusions : Our results show that in infants with bronchiolitis, detection of RSV, age <6 months, comorbidities (CHD or neurological), BPD, chest indrawing, and C-reactive protein were independent predictors of LOS. As a potentially modifiable risk factor, efforts to reduce the probability of RSV infection can reduce the high medical cost associates with prolonged LOS in bronchiolitis.
Patiromer▼: a new approach to optimising therapy in cardiorenal disease
Authors: Lewis Robert 
Published: July 2022

In this product focus, Dr Robert Lewis details how patiromer, a non-absorbed polymer, can appropriately and effectively be used to treat patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure and diabetes mellitus Patiromer is a recently introduced non-absorbable polymer that is taken orally in suspension to bind potassium in the intestine, thereby reducing its absorption. It has been shown to be well tolerated and effective, both in the treatment of acute hyperkalaemia and to manage persistent hyperkalaemia. This article will detail only the latter circumstance, focusing on the potential role of patiromer in optimising long-term medical therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure and diabetes. The mechanism of action of patiromer in vivo will be explained, and the results of clinical trials that have established its clinical utility will be reviewed. Finally, how and when this agent should be used in clinical practice will be described, with reference to recent best practice guidelines.
A point prevalence audit of inpatients with leg ulcers eligible for compression therapy in a large university NHS hospital
Authors: Lian Yaping , Anderson Irene , Keevil Victoria L , Gohel Manj 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Compression therapy is the mainstay of treatment for venous leg ulceration. Several studies have evaluated leg ulcer management and compression in the community. However, little is known about the leg ulcer population and use of compression therapy in the hospital setting, where it is not often part of inpatient care. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of inpatients with leg ulceration eligible for compression therapy. Method: A point prevalence audit was undertaken using three methods: patient electronic live report; a leg ulcer audit form; and an electronic record search. The following data were retrieved: patient age, sex, primary reason for admission, diabetes, mobility status, history of dementia, Clinical Frailty Scale score and presence of oedema. Ankle-brachial pressure index was measured to determine patients' eligibility for compression therapy. Results: The audit identified 80/931 (8.5%) inpatients as having confirmed, active leg ulceration. A total of 36/80 (45%) inpatients were assessed for eligibility for compression, of whom 25/36 (69.4%) were eligible for full compression, 2/36 (5.6%) reduced compression and 9/36 (25%) were not eligible for compression therapy. Conclusion: The audit demonstrated that a significant proportion of hospital inpatients with leg ulcers were eligible for compression therapy and that this patient population were heterogenous in terms of comorbidity profile, mobility, frailty and dementia, among other factors. Further research is required to explore the most feasible and effective compression options for inpatients with leg ulcers.
Preventing caesarean section wound complications: use of a silver-impregnated antimicrobial occlusive dressing
Authors: Goodman Jean Ricci , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon , Nashif Sereen , McAlarnen Lindsey A , Wagner Sarah A , Lal Ann K 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To investigate the role of an adherent soft silicone antimicrobial occlusive foam silver-impregnated dressing for reduction of surgical site infections (SSI) in primary low-transverse caesarean section (1°LTCS) delivery. Method: Women aged 18–45 years admitted to the labour and delivery or the antepartum unit undergoing a 1°LTCS were recruited. Exclusion criteria included repeat caesarean, vertical skin incision, intrapartum fever and closure with staples. Consented participants delivered by scheduled or unscheduled 1°LTCS received the silver-impregnated dressing. Those who declined to participate and were delivered by scheduled or unscheduled caesarean received a standard gauze with tape dressing (controls). Surgical preparation and preoperative antibiotics were administered as per hospital policy. Results: A total of 362 participants were consented for use of the silver-impregnated dressing, with 190 participants undergoing 1°LTCS, of whom 185 were included in the final analysis. Of those who declined to participate, 190 ultimately underwent 1°LTCS during the same time period. Cases and controls were similar in demographics, body mass index, diabetes status, labour and procedure length, and tobacco use. The overall incidence of SSI was 3.7%. A 50% reduction in incidence of SSI was observed in the silver-impregnated dressing group compared with control group (2.7% versus 4.7%, respectively), but this was not statistically significant (p=0.08; odds ratio 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.18–1.67). Conclusion: Among women undergoing 1°LTCS with subcuticular closure of a transverse incision, use of a silver-impregnated dressing reduced the rate of SSI by >50% but was not statistically significant.
Describing prescribing identities: a qualitative study exploring non-medical prescriber identity
Authors: Jarmain Sally 
Published: July 2022

Aim To investigate how non-medical prescribers (NMPs) form and develop their identity. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight NMPs (three nurses, three physiotherapists and two pharmacists). Findings There were three themes identified from the data. These were: using role models; consolidating a new identity; and collectivity versus isolation. Conclusion NMPs use a variety of role models to assist with the formation and development of their identity as a prescriber. They rely on their professional background to add legitimacy to their new identity as prescribers. NMPs used contact with others to help overcome feelings of anxiety and isolation, which may have otherwise limited their ability to prescribe.
Analysis of combined deficiency of interleukin-1 and -6 versus single deficiencies in TNF-mediated arthritis and systemic bone loss
Authors: Hayer Silvia , Niederreiter Birgit , Kalkgruber Marlene , Wanic Konrad , Maißner Julia , Smolen Josef S. , Aletaha Daniel , Blüml Stephan , Redlich Kurt 
Published: July 2022

Aims Insufficient treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients requires novel treatment strategies to halt disease progression. The potential benefit of combination of cytokine-inhibitors in RA is still unclear and needs further investigation. To explore the impact of combined deficiency of two major cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, in this study double deficient mice for IL-1αβ and IL-6 were investigated in different tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-driven inflammatory bone disorders, namely peripheral arthritis and sacroiliitis, as well as systemic bone loss. Methods Disease course, histopathological features of arthritis, and micro-CT (µCT) bone analysis of local and systemic bone loss were assessed in 15-week-old IL1-/-IL6-/- hTNFtg in comparison to IL1-/- hTNFtg, IL6-/- hTNFtg, and hTNFtg mice. µCT bone analysis of single deficient and wild-type mice was also performed. Results Combined deficiency of IL-1/IL-6 markedly ameliorated TNF-mediated arthritis and bilateral sacroiliitis, but without additive benefits compared to single IL-1 deficiency. This finding confirms the important role of IL-1 and the marginal role of IL-6 in TNF-driven pathways of local joint damage, but questions the efficacy of potential combinatorial therapies of IL-1 and IL-6 in treatment of RA. In contrast, combined deficiency of IL-1/IL-6 led to an additive protective effect on TNF-driven systemic bone loss compared to single IL-1 and IL-6 deficiency. This finding clearly indicates a common contribution of both IL-1 and IL-6 in TNF-driven systemic bone loss, and points to a discrepancy of cytokine dependency in local and systemic TNF-driven mechanisms of inflammatory arthritis. Conclusion Combinatorial treatments in RA might provide different benefits to inflammatory local arthritis and systemic comorbidities. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):484–493.
Development and test–retest reliability of a screening tool for axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Shridharmurthy Divya , Lapane Kate L. , Khan Sara , Yi Esther , Baek Jonggyu , Kay Jonathan , Liu Shao-Hsien 
Published: July 2022

Background
People with axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) suffer from lengthy diagnostic delays of ~7 years. The usage of screening tools to identify axSpA patients in primary care can reduce diagnostic delays by facilitating early referral to rheumatologic care. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a potential screening tool for patients with axSpA.

Method
Content validity was evaluated by soliciting feedback from 7 rheumatologists regarding the relevance and content representativeness of the proposed screening questions. For the test-retest study, participants ≥18 years of age with chronic back pain (≥3 months) without a diagnosis of mechanical or inflammatory back pain (n = 91) were e-recruited through ResearchMatch. Participation included completing identical baseline and follow-up questionnaires ~14 days apart. Weighted quadratic kappa was used to measure test-retest reliability between the two ratings of the ordinal scales. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and items with factor loadings ≥0.6 were extracted. Scale dimensionality and simplified factorial solutions were measured using Kaiser’s criteria (Eigenvalue >1). Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency.

Results
Most participants were women, non-Hispanic white, and had at least some college education, with a mean age of 45 years. On average, the age at onset of back pain was 31 years. Eleven questions yielded test–retest reliabilities ranging from 0.6 to 0.76. Results from EFA extracted two factors relating to: 1) how pain affects daily life functioning and 2) whether pain improves with movement. Internal consistency was high for questions evaluating how pain affects life, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81. Following assessment for validity and reliability, the questionnaire was revised to create the 6-item screening tool.

Conclusions
The 6-item SpA-SED screening tool designed to identify potential cases of axSpA was found to have good test–retest reliability and high internal consistency.
Performance of an electronic health record-based predictive model to identify patients with atrial fibrillation across countries
Authors: Mokgokong Ruth , Schnabel Renate , Witt Henning , Miller Robert , Lee Theodore C. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) burden on patients and healthcare systems warrants innovative strategies for screening asymptomatic individuals.

Objective
We sought to externally validate a predictive model originally developed in a German population to detect unidentified incident AF utilising real-world primary healthcare databases from countries in Europe and Australia.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used anonymized, longitudinal patient data from 5 country-level primary care databases, including Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, and the UK. The study eligibility included adult patients (≥45 years) with either an AF diagnosis (cases) or no diagnosis (controls) who had continuous enrolment in the respective database prior to the study period. Logistic regression was fitted to a binary response (yes/no) for AF diagnosis using pre-determined risk factors.

Results
AF patients were from Germany (n = 63,562), the UK (n = 42,652), France (n = 7,213), Australia (n = 2,753), and Belgium (n = 1,371). Cases were more likely to have hypertension or other cardiac conditions than controls in all validation datasets compared to the model development data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the validation datasets ranged from 0.79 (Belgium) to 0.84 (Germany), comparable to the German study model, which had an area under the curve of 0.83. Most validation sets reported similar specificity at approximately 80% sensitivity, ranging from 67% (France) to 71% (United Kingdom). The positive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 2% (Belgium) to 16% (Germany), and the number needed to be screened was 50 in Belgium and 6 in Germany. The prevalence of AF varied widely between these datasets, which may be related to different coding practices. Low prevalence affected PPV, but not sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves.

Conclusions
AF risk prediction algorithms offer targeted ways to identify patients using electronic health records, which could improve screening number and the cost-effectiveness of AF screening if implemented in clinical practice.