bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burrowing Nematodes May Survive on Variants of ‘Milam’ Lemon
Authors: Ford H. W. , Hutchins P. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Milam’ is a lemon-type citrus rootstock of unknown parentage considered resistant to the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne. R. similis causes a serious disease of citrus in Florida called spreading decline. ‘Milam’ was found in 1954 as the noninfected rootstock of a ‘Parson Brown’ orange tree in a burrowing nematode infested grove. In greenhouse tests of 9 months duration, ‘Milam’ consistently eliminated burrowing nematode populations from containers of infested soil by preventing the development of nematode eggs in the root cortex (3). After eight years in a rootstock trial planted in an infested site, no burowing nematodes were found in feeder roots of ‘Milam’ although nematodes were present in roots of adjacent rough lemon and sweet orange rootstocks (2). ‘Milam’ has also been tested as a biological barrier for four years in a soil tank 25 feet in length. Burrowing nematodes multiplied in one end of the tank have not migrated beyond the first ‘Milam’—a distance of two feet. Burrowing nematodes migrated 12 feet per year in a similar soil tank when susceptible rootstocks were used (1).
The Effect of Crimson and High Pigment Genes on Color Development in Detached Immature Tomato Fruits
Authors: Wann E. V. , Hills W. A. , Watson R. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Harvesting mature-green tomatoesis common practice where they are grown commercially for the fresh market. Usually, the tomato fields are picked 4 to 6 times in a season, as the most mature fruits on the vine reach the mature-green stage. If mechanical harvesting becomes a reality for fresh market tomatoes, a once-over harvest will probably be used instead of the usual multiple pick. Yields will then be limited by the number of fruits mature enough at a given time to ripen off-vine and meet market standards for color. It will be imperative to grow a variety that has a concentrated set and whose fruits have good ripening ability when harvested prematurely.
Cantaloup Breeding Line B66-5: Highly Resistant to Watermelon Mosaic Virus 1
Authors: Webb R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Major programs of crop improvement through breeding include the development of germ plasm resistant to diseases. Cantaloup improvement is no exception and control of diseases through resistance has been highly successful in this crop during the last half century (5). However, minor diseases, and new ones, frequently become major menaces to production through radical changes in environment and in crop management practices, and also through the introduction of crops that harbor the pathogens or vectors.
Identification of Prunin (Naringenin-7-Glucoside) in Dormant Peach Buds as a Wheat Coleoptile Growth Inhibitor1
Authors: Corgan J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Naringenin in peach buds was first reported by Hendershott and Walker (5) in 1959 and later by Dennis and Edgerton (2), Samish and Lavee (8), and Corgan (1). Naringenin is of interest because of its inhibition of wheat coleoptile elongation and possible effect on rest of peach buds.
An Abnormal Periderm Character in Carrots1
Authors: Harney Patricia M. , Lal Amrit , Dickson M. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was initiated to determine the mode of inheritance of matte skin, an abnormal root periderm characteristic in inbred lines of the Nantes type carrot. This characteristic was observed during a breeding program at the Ontario Agricultural College (1). Although no conclusive genetic information was obtained, certain anatomical and physiological aspects of the anomaly were ascertained.
Effect of the Shell on Germination of Pecan Nuts Carya illinoemis, Koch cv. Stuart
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Under greenhouse conditions, pecan nuts begin to germinate 1 to 2 months after planting and continue to germinate over a 3 to 4 month period (3). Such irregular germination makes studies that require newly germinated pecan seedlings with a uniform physiological age difficult to conduct. A study was initiated to determine the effect of the shell on time to germinamatetion of the first nut (initial germination), uniformity of germination, and percentage germination of pecan nuts.
Leaf Spot Control on Quince Understocks Increases Stand of Dwarf Pear1
Authors: Bauske R. J. , Buchholtz W. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1962 an Iowa nursery had almost no dwarf pear trees growing from the previous season’s budding. This exceptionally poor stand was attributed to lack of bud take on the quince understock, Cydania oblonga Mill. During the previous summer the understock block had suffered extensive earlv defoliation as a result of infection by the leaf spot fungus, Fabraea maculata Atk. (1). Poor bud take in pear has been linked to early defoliation and subsequent hardening of the understock wood (2). The effect of preventing defoliation by leaf spot on success of budding pear on quince was investigated.
Possible Cause of a Disorder Known As Apple Tree Decline
Authors: Donoho C. W. , Beattie J. M. , Banta E. S. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apple tree decline is a serious disorder of many older apple orchards in Eastern United States. The first visible symptom is the general loss of tree vigor resulting in short terminal growth, small leaves, and lower productivity. Cessation of growth ocurs for no apparent reason and ordinary cultural practices, such as additional nitrogen fertilizer and heavy pruning, have failed to stimulate terminal shoot growth and fruiting of affected trees. The pattern is not for an occasional tree to be affected, but often large areas of the orchard or an entire block of trees will show various degrees of decline.
Chemical and Non-Chemical Control of Anjou Scald
Authors: Pierson C. F. , Schomer H. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anjou scald, a physiological disease, produces a brown discoloration of the skin of Anjou pears after several months in cold storage. Only small amounts of the disease may be evident when the fruit is removed from the cold, but large amounts may develop within a few days at room temperature. Although the fruit is not seriously damaged by the disease, the discolored skin detracts from its appearence, and reduces its value in the market. Like storage scald of apples, the incidence of this disease can be reduced with oiled paper wraps (8). The use of polyethylene box liners prolongs the storage life of Anjou pears (4), but increases the tendency of the fruit to scald even in oiled wraps. Similarities in the responses of apples and pears to oiled paper suggested that the antioxidants used to control scald of apples might also be useful in the control of Anjou scald.
A Study of the Relationship Between Climate and Apple Fruit Growth
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , O’Kennedy N. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of climate on the growth of apple fruits in Ireland. To reduce the limitations of a one year study, fruit growth measurements were made of several apple varieties grown under variable conditions of location, soil type, planting and training system, rootstock, nutritional level, tree age and crop load. Under these variable conditions, similar changes in fruit growth rate would likely be caused by some facet(s) of climate.
Responses of Butternut Squash to N-Dimethyl Amino Succinamic Acid1
Authors: Hopp R. J. , Rochester Haydon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse studies of the effect of N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid on the early growth stages of Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) were followed in 1965 by a replicated field trial in which the plants could by grown to maturity. In addition to controls the treatments in the field consisted of 1000 and 5000 ppm N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid used in the form of Alar3, a 50% wettable powder formulation. The first application was made when all plants had at least one true leaf (June 22); a second application was made about six weeks later (August 6). Alar was applied as a fine mist spray to runoff point; Triton X-100 was added as a spreader. Growth measurements were taken at weekly intervals until 11 weeks after the initial treatment. Some of the effects of the Alar treatments compared to the controls are summarized in Table 1.
Association of Tomato Fruit Abnormalities with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection
Authors: Lewis G. D. , Taylor G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is considerable confusion in the literature regarding tomato fruit abnormalities variously termed “internal browning”, “gray wall”, “blotchy ripening”, and other less common terms such as “cloud” and “waxy patch”. It is difficult to determine if these names refer to one or more disorders because of the similarity of symptoms in ripening fruit. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been shown to play an important role in the occurrence of various fruit symptoms (2, 3, 4), yet this factor frequently is not considered in dealing with ripening disorders (1,5,6).
A System for Controlling the Night Temperature of Fruit Trees1
Authors: Martin George C. , Batjer L. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of temperature on the growth and development of deciduous tree fruits has been inadequately investigated. In most cases only general field observations have been reported. The temperature conditions prior to and during such general observations are variable and cannnot be repeated precisely. To control temperature, limb sleeves and small chambers have been used to cover portions of limbs (2,3). Information from such devices is of limited value since they do not preclude the influence of the rest of the tree.
The Effect of N-dimenthyl Amino Succinamic Acid (ALAR) on Size, Shape and Maturity of Delicious Apples1
Authors: Sullivan D. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth retardant N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid (Alar) has been reported to retard fruit tree growth and induce repeat bloom (1,3). It increases surface color and firmness of apples, decreases their size and susceptibility to scald, and slightly decreases their soluble solids content (1,5). Recently Alar has been reported to reduce water core and pre-harvest drop (2). Some of these effects are suggestive of delayed maturity while others are not. The study reported here was conducted to determine the effects of Alar on fruit maturity of Delicious apples when applied two weeks after full bloom.
Effects of Gibberellin A3 on Fruit Shape and Subsequent Seed Dormancy of Apple1
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Bjornstad H. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Considerable work has been done on the effects of gibberellins on parthenocarpic set and growth of apple fruits. Bukovac (1) has reviewed the literature in this field and has presented further evidence that seedless fruits induced to set by gibberellins A3 and A4 (GA3 and GA4) are distinctly more elongate than normal seeded fruits. More recently Dennis and Edgerton (2) found that GA made seeded fruits of one variety of apple more elongate than controls, although shape was not altered on several other varieties. Westwood and Blaney (6) reported several factors other than applied GA that also affected apple shape. Among these were crop density (i.e. leaf: fruit ratio), varietal strain, cluster position, and rootstock. To further study the effect of GA on fruit shape without confounding it with seedlessness, a test was set up using seeded fruits in which crop density and rootstock were held constant.
Vegetative Propagation of Asparagus Through Tissue Culture
Authors: Takatori Frank H. , Murashige Toshio , Stillman James I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus, a cross-pollinated dioecious crop, is generally propagated through seeds, and extreme variation in yielding ability of individuals in a variety is common. Consequently, the use of small plot technique for field investigations has been virtually inapplicable.
Undesirable Features of Accreditation and Standards for Horticulture
Authors: Batcheller O. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
My inquiries into accreditation for horticulture indicate that there is no unanimity of thought regarding the matter. Horticultural departments are beset with problems that need solving. Accreditation and standards have been suggested as a solution. We must know 1) exactly what we want to do by accreditation; 2) what it is we are going to accredit; 3) how we are going to apply accreditation procedure to the many types of institutions; 4) who will administer the accreditation; and 5) most important, how will the accreditation accomplish oui original objectives?
The Effect of Direct Seeding and Late-Spring Planting on Yield of Kale in Georgia12
Authors: Tereshkovich George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Linn.) is considered a minor crop in Georgia, several processors have indicated considerable interest in the yield of this crop in recent years. Kale, like the other green leafy vegetables, has a high content of Vitamin A and contains appreciable amounts of thiamine and ascorbic acid (2).
Effects of Post-harvest Defoliation on Strawberry Yields and Fruit Size1
Authors: Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The destruction of strawberry foliage following harvest has long been a standard renovation practice in many of the strawberry producing areas of the United States. The practice of postharvest mowing of leaves is widely recommended (2,3,8,10) although there is some disagreement as to the value of this practice (1).
Solution Pocket: A Physiological Problem of Brined Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Cameron H. R. , Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of solution pockets in brined sweet cherries has increased during the past 15 years. Affected fruits exhibit translucent pockets beneath the epidermis, filled with ruptured cell contents and brine solution. Pockets may occur anywhere in the fruit but are commonly at the suture. Affected fruits sometimes are not firm enough to pass through a pitting machine without being torn, increasing cullage and lowering grade. Sweet cherries are brined in a solution of sulfur dioxide and lime rather than the usual salt-brine method used on other crops (4).
Reaction of Tomato Varieties and Breeding Lines to Aphids
Authors: Stoner A. K. , Webb R. E. , Gentile A. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) is a common insect pest of tomatoes. This insect damages the plants by sucking the sap from the leaves and by transmitting plant viruses The severity of aphid infestations on tomatoes varies from season to season and within a season. They are generally most severe during periods of cool weather.
Effect of Fluorescent Lighting Beyond the Normal Day on the Flowering of the Carnation
Authors: Butterfield N. W. , Hemeriek G. A. , Kinoshita A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is important that the carnation grower bring a portion of his crop into flower at specific times, such as Christmas and Mother’s Day. Research by White (3) and Bickford et al (1) have shown that artificial lighting beyond normal day length has been used successfully to regulate time of bloom and to increase flower production. It was found in preliminary studies for 1965-66 (2) that carnations benched in early July and lighted artificially, beginning August 1st, for an additional eight hours, using four fluorescent lamps per bench flowered earlier and increased yields.
A Simple Technique for Observing Mitotic Division of the Generative Nucleus in Pollen Tubes of Vaccinium Sp1
Authors: Stushnoff C. , Feliciano Ascunia J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The problem of observing pollen tube development and mitotic division can often be difficult and the technique can be unreliable. The following method was used with very good success for periodic observation of pollen tube development of several species of Vaccinium.
Progress with Persistent-Green Color and Green Seed-Coat in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Commercial Processing1
Authors: Dean Leslie L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Persistent-green color has been incorporated into curly top and common beanmosaic virus resistant snap beans. Cooperative observation and processing trials throughout the United States indicate wide adaptability and good commercial potential for several lines. Release, during 1968, of one or more of these snap beans, to commercial seedsmen for seed increase is anticipated.
Dwarfing of Some Malvaceous Ornamental Plants as a Nursery Practice
Authors: Bose T. K. , Hore B. K. , Mukherjee D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cycocel (2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) inhibited shoot growth and increased number of flowers in azalea (1) and Gardenia jasminoides (2), while height of poinsettia (3) and chrysanthemum (4) was also effectively controlled by the application of the chemical. Some varieties of Bougainvillea grew dwarf and bushy with markedly improved flowering following application of Cycocel (5). In view of the great possibility offered by the growth retardants, an extensive investigation to study the efficacy of these chemicals on large number of species and varieties of tropical ornamental plants belonging to different families was begun. The results of the effect of Cycocel on growth and flowering of some popular ornamental plants belonging to family Malvaceae are reported.
Effect of Succinic Acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide on Flower Bud Formation of the ‘Coville’ Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Shutak V. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) has been found to have many physiological effects on growth and development of several plant species. (1,3,4,5,6). Hall and Aalders (2) in 1966 reported the effects of this growth regulator on highbush and lowbush blueberries but gave no specific data. These early preliminary data may be of some interest to researchers working with growth regulators.
In Vitro Initiation of Nucellar Embryos in Monoembryonic Citrus
Authors: Rangan T. S. , Murashige T. , Bitters W. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of polyembryony in Citrus was first described in 1719(1). It is now known that many members of the Rutaceae produce several embryos in each seed. The multiple embryos may include a zygotically-derived embryo and several adventive embryos. The adventive embryos result from differentiation of cells within the nucellar tissue, particularly those near the micropylar region of the ovule (1,6). One of the important horticultural characteristics of seedling Citrus, whether derived from zygotic or nucellar embryos, is the fact that they develop free of viruses even though the parent plant is infested with viruses. With polyembryonic Citrus, disease-free clones can be obtained through plants established from nucellar embryos. This has not been possible with monoembryonic species or varieties of Citrus, inasmuch as the seedlings are all of zygotic origin and vary genetically.
Field Plot Technique for the Evaluation of Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Aalders L. E. , Craig D. L. , Cannon H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Size and number of plots is an important consideration for strawberry breeders and other researchers engaged in the evaluation of strawberry cultivars. Edgar (2) found at East Mailing that plots of about 50 plants planted on the square were best, but Taylor (3) considered the variability in Edgar’s plots to be abnormally low, and advocated plots of 24 plants arranged in a twin row. He considered that seven replicates were necessary to measure a 20 percent difference at the 5 percent level of probability. Baker and Voth (1) in California considered 3 plots of 50 plants or 8 of 25 plants necessary to reduce heterogeneity to an acceptable level for scoring clones for resistance to Verticillium wilt in a “wilt nursery.” All of these researchers were working with strawberries on the hill system, whereas the matted row system is standard in Eastern North America.
The Relationship Between Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium Accumulation and Titratable Acidity in the Leaves of a Selected Mcintosh Apple Clone1
Authors: Ddungu John C. M. , Eggert Russell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water extracts of dry leaf tissues from a selected McIntosh apple clone were analyzed by titration with sodium hydroxide and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was shown that titratable acidity decreases during the period July 4 - August 1 and increases as the season advances beyond August 1. The data suggest that calcium and magnesium which accumulate may be the principal cations associated with bases involved in the buffer system to maintain a relatively constant pH in the leaf. It is theorized that changes in leaf pH may be a major factor in the damage characteristic of certain mineral deficiencies in apples.
Attempts to Improve Flower Bud Retention and Development in Tomatoes with Grafts, Nutrition and Growth Regulators
Authors: Coggins C. W. , Lesley J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A mutant of tomato obtained by treatment of seeds of the Canary Export variety with p32 produces only an occasional flower at a considerably longer time after seeding than the original variety. The mutant requires a longer time for fruit development, expresses less apical dominance, and also differs from Canary Export in flesh color of the fruit, leaf shape and internode length (2).
Implications of the New Genetics in Horticultural Plant Breeding
Authors: Craig Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This is an age of transition for horticultural plant breeding. The recent developments in physiological and biochemical genetics and their application to plant breeding signify only the beginning of this new era. To define the term New Genetics is extremely difficult especially when it is applied to horticultural plant breeding. For the purpose of this paper New Genetics will mean all of. those methods, machines, ideas and information that can assist in the future breeding of better horticultural plants.
Current Developments in the Breeding of Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Man for centuries has had an appreciation of flowers made use of native plants, cultivated and selected more ornamental and exotic types, and improved food plants. But he has devoted relatively little research to the production of woody ornamentals -- trees and shrubs that have woody stems. The breeding of woody ornamentals, however, has gained momentum as a result of accelerated emphasis on beautification due to the population explosion and the aesthetic needs or urban sprawl.
Time of Flower Initiation in Rhododendron ‘Roseum Elegans’ as Related to Shoot and Leaf Elongation
Authors: Adams D. G. , Roberts A. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent interest in the production of Rhododendrons as potted plants has raised many questions concerning propagation, dormancy, flower initiation, and general patterns of growth and development. Cathey (1) has shown that general growth habit may be altered to give a more compact plant through the use of Phosphon or by B-nine. He found further that flower initiation could be stimulated after the production of 4-5 flushes of growth instead of the normal 8-9 flushes required under natural conditions, thus making this plant useful as a potted plant. Myhre (3) showed that large applications of phosphate fertilizer increased the number of terminal apices initiating flowers in ‘Cynthia’. In 1920, work in the Netherlands by Luyten and Versluys (2) indicated that leaf and flower initiation occurred early in the growth cycle, May 31 to June 8.