bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Champions: A peer-to-peer education and mobile mammography program improving breast cancer screening rates for women of African heritage
Authors: Haynes David , Hughes Kelly , Haas McKenna , Richards Gaylynn , Robinson Benita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Nationally, women of African heritage die at higher rates from breast cancer than women of other races or ethnicities. We developed Breast Cancer Champions (BCC) a peer-to-peer education program, which recruited 12 women and deployed them into the community in August 2020 during the height of the COVID-pandemic. BCC aims to improve breast cancer screening rates for women of African heritage through peer-to-peer education, which has proven successful for addressing cancer-related health disparities.
Methods
BCC community experts, or “Champions,” are peer-to-peer educators that conduct awareness and screening events in their communities. Champion's education activities were tracked by bi-weekly check-in calls, which recorded the activity type, location, and the number of participants for each event. We used spatial and statistical analyses to determine the efficacy of the program at increasing screening rates for women within the area of Champion activity versus women outside of their activity area.
Results
Over 15 months, Champions conducted 245 in-person or online events to engage women in their community for screening. More women of African heritage were screened in areas champions were active during the intervention compared to historical data comparing areas outside of the Champion activity in the prior 15 months (X 2 = 3.0845, p = 0.079).
Conclusion
BCC successes could be attributed to pivoting to online community building when in-person events were restricted and enabling Champions to design and conduct their own events, which increased outreach possibilities. We demonstrate improved screening outcomes associated with an updated peer-to-peer education program.
Changes in soil particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon contents under nitrogen addition
Authors: qi peng , Chen Ji , Wang Xiaojiao , Zhang Renzhi , Cai Liqun , Jiao Yapeng , Li Zhiqiang , Han Guojun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims
As the largest carbon (C) pool in terrestrial ecosystems, soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a critical role in the global C cycle. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) are two categories of SOC that are based on particle size. Nitrogen (N) addition considerably affects SOC content. However, research on the characteristics of POC and MAOC and their formation mechanisms under N (inorganic and organic N) addition remains unclear.
Methods
we conducted a meta-analysis based on data from 52 studies on terrestrial ecosystems in China to investigate the responses of SOC, POC, and MAOC contents to N addition and to reveal the formation mechanisms of POC and MAOC.
Results
The results showed that organic N addition significantly increased the contents of SOC, POC, and MAOC (P < 0.05), while inorganic N addition significantly increased those of SOC and POC (P < 0.05), which was associated with the addition of urea. The POC and MAOC contents increased with the extension of fertilization duration (years); however, the physical stability of SOC remained unchanged. No correlation was observed between the SOC sequestration rate (SOCSR) and duration of fertilization under inorganic N addition, while SOCSR showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under organic N addition, reaching a maximum at approximately 10 years.
Conclusions
The main factors affecting the POC and MAOC contents were microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil pH, and the formation mechanisms of POC and MAOC were different under inorganic and organic N additions.
Factors associated with decision making about family planning use by refugee and host populations in Adjumani district, West Nile, Uganda: A cross-sectional Comparative study
Authors: ACHOLA ROSELLINE , Atuyambe Lynn , Nabiwemba Elizabeth , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Orach Christopher Garimoi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Uganda currently hosts an estimated 1.5 million refugees with the majority, (60.5%, n = 964,960) from South Sudan with low Family Planning (FP) use. Therefore, we investigated factors associated with decision-making about FP use by refugee and host populations in Adjumani district, Uganda.

Methods

This study used a comparative cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires to collect data. A total of 1,307 respondents were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using STATA V.14 C.

Results

The study found that modern FP use was 28.4% among refugees and 28.6% among hosts. Several factors were found associated with FP use including religion, joint decision, and husband approval. Anglicans were more times likely to use FP compared to Catholics, with AOR = 6.21, 95% CI [1.11-34.57] and AOR =5, 95% CI [4.75-13.23] respectively. Respondents who made joint decisions were more likely to use modern FP compared to those who made a personal decision; AOR = 2.69, 95% CI [0.89-138.39] and AOR= 7.05 95% CI [2.8-44.88] among host and refugees respectively. The key barriers to FP use by hosts included harassment of women who did not consult their significant others (AOR = 0.07, 95% CI [0.01-0.79] and separation/divorce (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI [0.00-0.35]. Amongst refugees, key barriers to not using FP included not wanting to use FP” [45.8%] and wanting to become pregnant [6.8%].

Conclusions

The study identified low FP use among refugees and hosts. The main factors associated with the decision to use FP included religion, joint decision, and the husband’s approval. The main reasons for not using modern FP included fear of side effects by hosts and not wanting to use FP by refugees. These factors can deter women from deciding to use FP. Therefore, sensitizing both communities about the benefits of FP is crucial.
Mortality and risk factors in very elderly patients who start hemodialysis: Korean Renal Data System (KORDS), 2016-2020
Authors: Park Ji Hyeon , Park Hayne Cho , Kim Do Hyoung , Lee Young-Ki , Cho AJin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background The number of elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing worldwide. However, decision-making about elderly patients with ESRD remains complex because of the lack of studies, especially in very elderly patients (³75 years). We examined the characteristics of very elderly patients starting hemodialysis (HD) and the associated mortality and prognostic factors.
Methods Data were analyzed retrospectively using a nationwide cohort registry, the Korean Renal Data System. Patients who started HD between January 2016 and December 2020 were included and divided into three groups according to age at HD initiation (<65, 65–74, and ³75 years). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during the study period. Risk factors for mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results In total, 22,024 incident patients were included with 10,006, 5,668, and 6,350 in each group (<65, 65–74, and ³75 years, respectively). Among the very elderly group, women had a higher cumulative survival rate than men (91.2% vs. 90.3% at 1 year and 56.4% vs. 51.9% at 3 years, respectively). The survival rate was lower in patients with vascular access via a catheter than in those with an arteriovenous fistula or graft (72.0% vs. 95.1% at 1 year and 23.8% vs. 60.7% at 3 years, respectively). Very elderly patients with more comorbid diseases had a significantly lower survival rate that those with fewer comorbidities (log-rank: p < 0.001).
Conclusion Preparation of an arteriovenous fistula or graft when starting HD should be considered in very elderly patients with fewer comorbid diseases.
Sex differences in fetal intracranial volumes assessed by in utero MR imaging
Authors: Griffiths Paul David , Jarvis Deborah , Mooney Cara , Campbell Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The primary aim of the study is to test the null hypothesis that there are no statistically significant differences in intracranial volumes between male and female fetuses. Furthermore, we have studied the symmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in the cohort of low-risk fetuses.
Methods: 200 normal fetuses between 18-37 gestational weeks (gw) were included in the cohort and all had in utero MR, consisting of routine and 3D-volume imaging. The surfaces of the cerebral ventricles, brain and internal table of the skull were outlined manually and volume measurements were obtained of ventricles (VV), brain parenchyma (BPV), extra-axial CSF spaces (EAV) and the total intracranial volume (TICV). The change in those values were studied over the gestational range, along with potential gender differences and asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres.
Results: BPV and VV increased steadily from 18 to 37 gestational weeks, and as a result TICV also increased steadily over that period. TICV and BPV increased at a statistically significantly greater rate in male relative to female fetuses after 24gw. The greater VV in male fetuses was apparent earlier but the rate of increase was similar for male and female fetuses. There was no difference between the genders in the left and right hemispherical volumes, and they remained symmetrical over the age range measured.
Conclusions: We have described the growth of the major intracranial compartments in fetuses between 18-37gw. We have shown a number of statistically different features between male and female fetuses but we have not detected any asymmetry in volumes of the fetal cerebral hemispheres.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Polymer Pore-Clogging in Micromodels
Authors: Sugar Antonia , Serag Maged , Buttner Ulrich , Fahs Marwan , Habuchi Satoshi , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Polymers have been used effectively in the Oil & Gas Industry for a variety of field applications, such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), well conformance, mobility control, and others. Polymer intermolecular interactions with the porous rock, in particular, formation clogging and the associated alterations to permeability, is a common problem in the industry. In this work, fluorescent polymers and single-molecule imaging are presented for the first time to assess the dynamic interaction and transport behavior of polymer molecules utilizing a microfluidic device. Pore-scale simulations are performed to replicate the experimental observations. The microfluidic chip, also known as a "Reservoir-on-a-Chip" functions as a 2D surrogate to evaluate the flow processes that take place at the pore-scale. The pore-throat sizes of an oil-bearing reservoir rock, which range from 2 to 10 nm, are taken into consideration while designing the microfluidic chip. Using soft lithography, we created the micromodel from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The conventional use of tracers to monitor polymers has a restriction due to the tendency of polymer and tracer molecules to segregate. For the first time, we develop a novel microscopy method to observe the dynamic behavior of polymer pore-clogging and unclogging processes. We provide direct dynamic observations of polymer molecules during their transport within the aqueous phase and their clustering and accumulations. Pore-scale simulations were carried out to simulate the phenomena using a finite-element simulation tool. The simulations revealed a decline in flow conductivity over time within the flow channels that experienced polymer accumulation and retention, which is consistent with the experimental observation of polymer retention. The performed single-phase flow simulations allowed us to assess the flow behavior of the tagged polymer molecules within the aqueous phase. Additionally, both experimental observation and numerical simulations are used to evaluate the retention mechanisms that emerge during flow and how they affect apparent permeability. This work provides new insights to assessing the mechanisms of polymer retention in porous media.
A polo-like kinase inhibitor identified by computational repositioning attenuates pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Imakura Takeshi , Sato Seidai , Koyama Kazuya , Ogawa Hirohisa , Niimura Takahiro , Murakami Kojin , Yamashita Yuya , Haji Keiko , Naito Nobuhito , Kagawa Kozo , Kawano Hiroshi , Zamami Yoshito , Ishizawa Keisuke , Nishioka Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease with few effective therapeutic options. Recently, drug repositioning, which involves identifying novel therapeutic potentials for existing drugs, has been popularized as a new approach for the development of novel therapeutic reagents. However, this approach has not yet been fully utilized in the field of pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods
The present study identified novel therapeutic options for pulmonary fibrosis using a systematic computational approach for drug repositioning based on integration of public gene expression signatures of drug and diseases (in silico screening approach).
Results
Among the top compounds predicted to be therapeutic for IPF by the in silico approach, we selected BI2536, a polo-like kinase (PLK) 1/2 inhibitor, as a candidate for treating pulmonary fibrosis using an in silico analysis. However, BI2536 accelerated mortality and weight loss rate in an experimental mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Because immunofluorescence staining revealed that PLK1 expression was dominant in myofibroblasts while PLK2 expression was dominant in lung epithelial cells, we next focused on the anti-fibrotic effect of the selective PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364. Consequently, GSK461364 attenuated pulmonary fibrosis with acceptable mortality and weight loss in mice.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that targeting PLK1 may be a novel therapeutic approach for pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting lung fibroblast proliferation without affecting lung epithelial cells. In addition, while in silico screening is useful, it is essential to fully determine the biological activities of candidates by wet-lab validation studies.
Impact of graft function on health status and quality of life in 112 very long-term survivors who received an HSCT for Inborn Errors of Immunity, a prospective study of the CEREDIH
Authors: Petit Audrey Françoise , Neven Bénédicte , Min Victoria , Mahlaoui Nizar , Moshous Despina , Castelle Martin , Allouche Maya , Stérin Arthur , Visentin Sandrine , Boucekine Mohamed , Shawket Alaa Mustafa , Picard Capucine , Auquier Pascal , Michel Gérard , FISCHER Alain , Barlogis Vincent 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) survival outcome has improved considerably and the indications have broadened. Subsequently, the issue of long-term quality of live (HRQoL) has become crucial. Our study focuses on the health and HRQoL of post-HSCT survivors . We conducted a multicenter prospective follow-up program enrolling IEI patients included in the CEREDIH (French IEI Reference Centers) registry, transplanted during childhood, before 2009. Answers from self-reported French Childhood Immune Deficiency Long-term Cohort (F-CILC) and 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaires were compiled. 112 survivors were included with a time median from HSCT of 15 years (range :5-37), 55% were transplanted for a combined immunodeficiency. We show that in patients evaluated prospectively at least 5 years after HSCT, 55% are still affected by a poor or very poor health status. Poor and very poor health status were correlated with an abnormal graft function defined as host or mixed chimerism and/or an abnormal CD3+ count and/or a diagnosis of chronic GVHD (Poor health: OR 2,6 CI 95%: 1,1-5,9 p:0,028 ; Very poor health : OR 3,6 CI 95%: 1,1-13, p:0,049 ). Poor health directly linked to a poorer HRQoL. Significant improvements made in graft procedures translated in better survival, but we show that about half of the survivors are affected by an altered health with a correlation to both abnormal graft function and impaired HRQoL. Future prospective studies will be needed to measure the impact of those improvements on long-term health status and HRQoL.
The efficiency of mother's cooperative supervision on physical fitness indicators of overweight and obese children in home-based sports exercises
Authors: Hasani Mahdis , Monfared Vahid , Hasani Motahareh , Shirazi Kambiz Karimzadeh , Far Majid Rahimi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The presence of a companion can improve the quality and amount of physical activity in terms of the increase in motivation and vitality of training sessions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mothers' participation in the sports exercises of overweight and obese children, along with monitoring the exercises on the indicators of a child's physical fitness.
Methods
210 overweight and obese elementary school girls (from 10 to 12 years old) were included along with their mothers. All participants filled out the permission form before being randomly assigned to one of two intervention or control groups. The New York international exam, checkerboard test, and caliper were used to gauge the degree of musculoskeletal anomalies, whereas standard tests (pull-up, push-up, 1-mile run, sit and reach) were used to gauge signs of physical fitness. The standard MET/min method was used to evaluate and compare physical inactivity behaviors.
Results
In the collaborative monitoring group, by designing a special exercise program for mothers and children separately, the quality and amount of physical activity improved, and the average flexibility index after the intervention in the group where the mothers played the role of collaborative monitoring reached mean(SD) 23(6) cm, which is significant. It was the highest indicator, and no such difference was observed in the other group, where mothers only had a supervisory role.
Conclusion
Our study showed that when the mother's participation in her daughter's sports program is accompanied by doing sports with her, it results in much better and greater effects.
Solving the Explainable AI Conundrum: How to Bridge the Gap Between Clinicians Needs and Developers Goals
Authors: Bienefeld Nadine , Lüthy Rahel , Brodbeck Dominique , Boss Jens , Willms Jan , Azzati Jan , Blaser Mirco , Keller Emanuela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Explainable AI (XAI) is considered the number one solution for overcoming implementation hurdles of AI/ML in clinical practice. However, it is still unclear how clinicians and developers interpret XAI (differently) and whether building such systems is achievable or even desirable. This longitudinal multi-method study queries (n=112) clinicians and developers as they co-developed the DCIP – an ML-based prediction system for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia. The resulting framework reveals that ambidexterity between exploration and exploitation can help bridge opposing goals and requirements to improve the design and implementation of AI/ML in healthcare.
Reference proteomes of five wheat species as starting point for future design of cultivars with lower allergenic potential
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Sielaff Malte , Distler Ute , Schuppan Detlef , Tenzer Stefan , Longin Friedrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wheat is an important staple food and its processing quality is largely driven by proteins. However, there is a sizable number of people with inflammatory reactions to wheat proteins, namely celiac disease, wheat allergy and the syndrome of non-celiac wheat sensitivity. Thus, proteome profiles should be of high importance for stakeholders along the wheat supply chain. We applied liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics to establish the flour reference proteome for five wheat species, ancient to modern, each based on 10 cultivars grown in three diverse environments. We identified at least 2,540 proteins in each species and a cluster analyses clearly separated the species based on their proteome profiles. Even more, >50% of proteins significantly differed between species - many of them implicated in products’ quality, grain-starch synthesis, plant stress regulation and proven or potential allergic reactions in humans. Notably, the expression of several important wheat proteins was found to be mainly driven by genetics vs. environmental factors, which enables selection and refinement of improved cultivars for the wheat supply chain as long as rapid test methods will be developed. Especially einkorn expressed 5.4 and 7.2-fold lower quantities of potential allergens and immunogenic amylase trypsin inhibitors, respectively, than common wheat, whereas potential allergen content was intermediate in tetraploid wheat species. This urgently warrants well-targeted clinical studies, where the developed reference proteomes will help to design representative test diets.
Relationship between recurrence and age in the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical significance in pediatric patients
Authors: Kim Junu , Koo Ja Seung , Bang Ji-In , KIM JIN KYONG , Kang Sang-Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose: The diffuse sclerosing variant (DSV) is an aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), with higher prevalence in pediatric patients. However, due to its low incidence, few studies have assessed its characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between recurrence and age in the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who were diagnosed with the DSV or conventional PTC (cPTC) after surgery at a medical center between May 1988 and January 2019. We compared the clinico-pathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of the DSV and cPTC groups, and between adult and pediatric patients with the DSV.
Results: Among the 24,626 patient records reviewed, 202 were patients diagnosed with DSV and 24,424 were diagnosed with cPTC. Recurrence rate was significantly higher in the DSV group compared to the cPTC group. Additionally, in the DSV group, recurrence rate was significantly higher in pediatric patients compared to adult patients. Moreover, we observed that the association between recurrence and age group showed different patterns between DSV and cPTC patients with restricted cubic splines (RCS). While both RCS curves showed a U-shaped distribution, the RCS curve tended to locate within the pediatric group.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that pediatric patients with the DSV are at a greater risk for recurrence compared to adult patients, and show a different pattern of recurrence risk according to age from that of cPTC.