bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milton and the Ancients on the Writing of History
Authors: Samuel Irene 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton's views on the writing of history develop from an early acceptance of rhetorical commonplaces to independent judgments not only on how history should be written but on what history is worth writing. This development was produced by his experience as a historian and controversialist and by his study of classical works, notably Lucian's satiric How to Write History. He goes beyond the ancients—and his contemporaries —in removing all “set speeches” from proper historiography; he speaks with Lucianic bite on the fabulous in history; despite his lifelong regard for Sallust, he repudiates Sallust's comment that a nation depends for greatness on its historians. Ultimately he applies a single standard to all mankind's doings, and concludes that nations get the historians they deserve. By the time he rejects the suggestion that he write the story of his own troubled times he has reached convictions like those written into Paradise Lost on the worthlessness of recording what does not merit praise.
“The Lord's Battells”: “Samson Agonistes” and the Puritan Revolution
Authors: Di Salvo Jackie 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Samson was a culture hero for the Puritan revolution, held up as a spiritual model by the preachers. Samson Agonistes expresses the central values of that revolution. Samson is an active hero with a divine vocation who eschews the idle life represented by Dalila, just as the Puritan middle class rejected the leisure values of the aristocracy. Samson's vocation, like those of many seventeenth-century Puritans, is military and revolutionary. He is fighting on God's side in a cosmic war against Satan, whose battlefield is not only in the soul but in the political terrain of England. His vocation is to free the Israelites from the oppression of the Philistines, just as the New Model Army believed it had a divine calling to free England from the demonic tyranny of Charles I. The contrast between Samson and Harapha reflects the development of a new kind of soldier armed with the advantages of internal discipline. On the spiritual level Samson battles against self-doubt to that same faith in providence which enabled men like Cromwell to lead a new class to power.
Milton's Gunpowder Poems and Satan's Conspiracy
Authors: Revard Stella P. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The gunpowder sermons, preached in annual celebration of the discovery of Guy Fawkes's plot (1605), were powerful influences on the young Milton's treatment of this conspiracy in his Latin epigrams and In Quintum Novembris. The sermons also influenced the mature Milton's depiction of Satan's conspiracy in Paradise Lost. The influence of the gunpowder sermons is apparent in the many striking resemblances between them and Milton's work, early and late. The preachers and Milton alike regard Satan as the archetypal conspirator, who invented gunpower as a weapon to rival God's thunderbolt. They are alike in dramatically characterizing God as the unmoved deity, who easily defeats the most subtle of intrigues. For example, both the preachers and Milton are indebted to Psalm ii, the spectacle of God laughing at his enemies. Finally, the particular ironic contempt which Milton affects toward the rebel angels in Paradise Lost may be traced to the irony employed by the sermonists to mock the pretentious futility of the gunpowder plotters. The gunpowder sermons, then, bring into sharp relief some political contours of Paradise Lost.
Milton's “Areopagitica”: Its Isocratic and Ironic Contexts
Authors: Wittreich, Joseph Anthony 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton's ambivalent attitudes toward both the English Parliament and Isocrates suggest that his title for this, his most famous, prose work possesses more precise imaginative connections with its substance than is usually supposed. Through his title—and then in his exordium—Milton equates himself with Isocrates and Parliament with the General Assembly. But those equations are shaken by the allusion to St. Paul, who is clearly to be admired for his toleration and whose audience is to be rebuffed for its lack of it. Milton allows the initial correspondences to remain intact until he fulfills the rhetorical demands of his exordium (eliciting the good will of his audience) and then allows ironic inconsistencies to tumble forth. Areopagitica, then, is written from two perspectives (the one serious, the other ironic)—a conclusion that is supported by both the allusion to St. Paul and the reference to Euripides’ The Suppliants. A “perpetual stumbling block” to generations of readers, the title of Milton's oration proves to be an important source of meaning and unity for the work.
THE SACRED HEAD: MILTON'S SOLAR MYSTICISM
Authors: Norford Don Parry 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton aspires to light, to free himself from the body. A celebrant of the solar Logos, he is preoccupied with the conflict between spirit and nature and the frightening possibility of the dissolution of consciousness. The central figures in Milton's poems are associated with the death and rebirth of the sun. In his early poems the figure of Orpheus, whose Apollonian song tamed Dionysian nature, inspires the triumph of the Christ-child over the pagan deities, the death and rebirth of Lycidas, the mystique of the Lady's “sun-clad power of chastity.” In the later poems solar power tends to become apocalyptically destructive: Samson annihilates the Philistines, and the Son overwhelms the rebel angels in his solar chariot. Milton's ideal, symbolized by the chariot of Deity, is to harness physical energies in service of the Logos. This ideal of sublimation, which has alchemical affinities, is displayed in A Mask. Ideally, sublimation should lead to integration and higher wholeness. Yet in Milton, transcendence seems ultimately based upon dismemberment—the mortification of nature in the interests of spirit.
MILTON'S HOUSEHOLD EPIC
Authors: Toliver Harold E. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Formal epic is both consummated and altered by Milton in Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, which absorb much of the tradition but recast it. The focus in Paradise Lost on Adam and Eve is part of Milton's conscious resistance to chivalric epic on behalf of Puritan and domestic values. In contrast to the royalist apologetic still active in his day, Milton subordinated civil to religious institutions. The sublime domesticity of Adam and Eve is expressed by the meet conversations of Book IV, where Milton defines a new love language and combines pastoral and heroic virtues. The Fall adds the moral values of redemption in a chastened Adam and Eve and in Christ, who completes the heroic paradigm. This notion of the heroic is not new, but reformative; it goes back to scriptural precedents. But it is also provoked by the times, and Milton invents a new style to handle the scriptural materials.
Milton's Technique of Multiple Choice
Authors: Mollenkott Virginia R. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton presented his readers with two or more possible interpretations of certain situations for the following purposes: to avoid committing himself on issues where he himself was doubtful; to recognize the mysteries of the universe; to make his plot more intriguing; to create a bridge between Hebraic mythological exclusiveness and Hellenic richness; and to provide ironic commentary on the human condition. Always the technique has the effect of drawing the reader into more active participation through choice. Nathaniel Hawthorne used the technique perhaps more frequently than Milton, sometimes more obviously, but always with similar effect.
The Rule of Charity in Milton's Divorce Tracts
Authors: Huguelet Theodore L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
To reconcile Christ and Moses on divorce (Matthew, chapter xix and Deuteronomy, chapter xxiv), and to prove that the Scriptures in fact sanction divorce for incompatibility, Milton needed a decisive principle of hermeneutics. He discovered “the Rule of Charity.” This rule—the hermeneutical corollary of the Gospel doctrine of charity—became Milton's “loadstarre” of exegesis, enabling him to resolve doctrinal ambiguities by seeking the interpretation most charitable toward mankind. While Milton might have derived the Rule of Charity from Augustine, from Augustinian tradition, or from Erasmus or Hugo Grotius, it is likely that he discovered his key to Scripture in 1641—42, when he applied Ramistic method to exegesis. He observed that doctrinal charity becomes the “supreme axiom” in the method of Scripture, or the art of divinity. Hence, by the axiom of charity, a literal, merciless interpretation of Christ's words on divorce would invert the Law and the Gospel and violate the divine dialectics of Scripture. Milton's confidence in his divorce argument was bolstered by his perception of divine method behind “the all-interpreting voice of Charity.”
Lovemaking in Milton's Paradise
Authors: Lindenbaum Peter 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In Paradise Lost, Milton took the unusual stand of asserting that Adam and Eve engaged in sexual relations while still in Eden before the Fall, a stand which was, if not totally original with Milton, at least a departure from almost all treatments of his scriptural material by Christian poets, theologians, and biblical commentators before him. Any importance that the relative distinctiveness of such a stand implies is reinforced further by the enthusiastic outbursts of the poem's usually calm narrator when he touches on the subject of our first parents' nocturnal lovemaking (in Book IV) and on the related subject of the naked Eve's physical attractiveness. What amounts to an instance of Milton's personal emphasis in the poem, then, encourages the reader as well as Adam to view sexual love as the “sum” of prelapsarian bliss (VIII, 522); and when love of Eve proves to be the cause of Adam's fall, we are prompted to appreciate his decision as complex and difficult, even while we judge him mistaken in placing his love of Eve before obedience to God. The difficulty that Milton's own insistence upon prelapsarian sexual love works into Adam's decision is typical of the poet's presentation of prelapsarian life generally. Life in Milton's relatively difficult Eden is not so much significantly different from our postlapsarian existence as it is a pastoral image of our present complex life in small.
“MEANING AS USE”, NORMATIVE SENTENCES, AND ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE
Authors: Оглезнев Виталий Васильевич 
Published: May 2022

Представлены возражения против позиции В. А. Ладова, изложенной в его статье в этом номере журнала. Рассмотрен один из критических аргументов Д. Катца, выдвинутый против концепции «значение как употребление» Л. Витгенштейна. Речь идет об аргументе, что фиксация более глубинных смыслов грамматических форм, которые не релятивизируются в языковых играх, позволяет показать, что смыслы грамматических форм не рождаются в конкретной языковой игре. Показано, что если критерием понимания смысла в рамках коммуникации может служить только определенное действие, то решающее значение имеет не столько пропозициональное содержание этого действия, сколько его иллокутивная сила. Без иллокутивной силы смысл языковой формы понять достаточно сложно, если вообще возможно. Обращение к нормативным предложениям, выраженным особыми прескриптивными речевыми актами, позволило показать, что различия между приказами, просьбами, предсказаниями проявляются только на прагматическом уровне использования языка, на семантическом уровне такого различия нет. Вне контекста конкретной языковой игры такого различия не провести.
This short remark, which is a minor objection to Vsevolod A. Ladov’s panel article “Gottlob Frege’s Semantics in Modern Analytic Philosophy”, examines one of the critical arguments put forward by Jerrold Katz against Ludwig Wittgenstein’s “meaning as use”. I am talking about the argument that fixing deeper meanings of grammatical forms that are not relativized in language games allows us to show that the meanings of grammatical forms are not caused in a specific language game. I show that, if only a certain action can be treated as a criterion for understanding meaning in the framework of communication, then the crucial importance is not so much the propositional content of this action as its illocutionary force. Without the illocutionary force, the meaning of linguistic form is quite difficult to understand, if at all possible. The reference to normative sentences expressed by special prescriptive speech acts made it possible to show that the differences between orders, requests, predictions manifest themselves only at the pragmatic level of language use, there is no such difference at the semantic level. Beyond the context of a particular language game, such a distinction cannot be made.
Reconocimiento de activos en los contratos de arrendamientos financieros. Tratamiento desde el punto de vista del arrendatario
Authors: Martin Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2022

Los contratos de leasing en Argentina y en el mundo son de uso frecuente, por ello es que resulta importante comprender lo que las normas técnicas contables dispongan sobre la valorización al momento de su reconocimiento, al realizar las mediciones periódicas del activo y pasivo emergente de la contabilización de este tipo de contrato, y de la baja de estos elementos patrimoniales.
No vemos que se haya profundizado el estudio sobre un aspecto en particular, relacionado con el reconocimiento del activo subyacente que ha sido objeto del contrato de arrendamiento, tratado desde el punto de vista del arrendatario. Nos estamos refiriendo a la determinación del valor descontado de los futuros pagos, a través del uso de la tasa implícita.
Tal vez exista desinterés en analizar a fondo la determinación de este valor actual con la utilización de esta tasa, la implícita, dado que con frecuencia en la actividad profesional se hace difícil sino imposible determinarla. Presentado este caso, se recurre a la tasa incremental de los pasivos, como reemplazo de aquella que no se ha podido determinar.
En las normas contables Argentinas distintas a la RT26 de la Federación Argentina de Consejos Profesionales de Ciencias Económicas (FACPCE), como en el reciente modelo establecido sobre este tema, en la NIIF 16 del Accounting Standards Board (IASB, 2019), está previsto el uso de esta tasa. Este sería el principal motivo por el que creemos que se debería analizar este caso.
Por lo tanto, aunque la tasa implícita es muy poco utilizada, debería agotarse su estudio, o directamente excluirla de las normas contables que proponen su uso, si finalmente tiene pocas posibilidades de determinarse, ergo de usarse en la práctica profesional cotidiana.
En este trabajo se realiza un análisis teórico sobre algunos de los escenarios posibles que se puedan presentar con el uso de esta tasa. No albergamos expectativas de que concite la atención de quienes día a día deben contabilizar los efectos de este tipo de contrato en el desarrollo de su profesión; sin embargo, ello no nos ha detenido para ensayar un ejercicio académico, sin tener la intención de agotar a través de él todas y cada una de las situaciones que se puedan presentar.
Esperamos abrir un debate sobre la utilidad, la razonabilidad y factibilidad que tiene esta tasa, para contabilizar los efectos derivados de los contratos de arrendamientos financieros.
Wybrane techniki wykorzystania zamrażania w przemysłowym zatężaniu i oczyszczaniu ścieków
Authors: Góral Dariusz , Domin Marek , Kluza Franciszek , Kozłowicz Katarzyna , Nakonieczny Piotr 
Published: May 2022

Stosowanie tradycyjnych metod oczyszczania i zatężania ścieków przemysłowych nie zawsze jest skuteczne. Użycie w tym celu metod parowania i odwróconej osmozy może generować wysokie koszty. Alternatywą może być zastosowanie kriokoncentracji. W pracy przedstawiono podstawy fizyczne procesu oraz możliwość praktycznego zastosowania kriokoncentracji do przemysłowego oczyszczania i zatężania ścieków. Szczegółowo zaprezentowano metody Niro GEA oraz metody bezpośredniej krystalizacji wody w rurowym i bębnowym wymienniku ciepła. Stwierdzono, że technologię oczyszczania ścieków przy wykorzystaniu zamrażania cechuje wiele zalet zarówno ekonomicznych, jak i praktycznych oraz wskazano na fakt, że wykorzystanie naturalnych warunków zimą może być przełomem w szerszym zastosowaniu kriokoncentracji do oczyszczania ścieków w Polsce.
The influence of solar radiation on selected physiological processes of mosses in karst conditions of the spring niches of the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland)
Authors: Sołtys-Lelek Anna , Caputa Zbigniew 
Published: May 2022

The availability of light is one of the most important environmental factors influencing the floristic diversity of spring niches, especially in the specific conditions of deep, karst valleys occurring in the Ojców National Park (southern Poland). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of solar radiation reaching the karst spring niches, on selected physiological parameters of the spring mosses: Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce (obligatory krenophyte) and Brachythecium rivulare Schimp. (facultative krenophyte). The five karst spring niches (4 in the Prądnik Valley, 1 in the Sąspowska Valley) were selected for the plant material collection, in which two of the moss species tested occurred simultaneously. On sunny days, measurements of total and reflected radiation as well as the radiation balance in the full spectrum range over the vegetation were made. The temperature was measured for air, water, and on the surface and inside the plants. The collected biological material was subjected to laboratory analysis. Fresh mass of moss gametophytes was significantly the highest from plants growing on stand 5 (intermediate values of light and temperature parameters), and the lowest from mosses on stands 1 and 2 (including lowest air temperatures). Dry mass varied depending on the species and stand. The percentage of water in B. rivulare was highest in plants from stand 4 (highest air and water temperature), and in C. filicinum from stand 5. Significantly the lowest values of this parameter were found for plants growing in stand 2 (lowest temperature of water). The electrolytes leakage from moss cells was specific and depended on the species. The greatest destabilisation of cell membranes was demonstrated in plants harvested from stands 1 and 2, where it was the coldest. The fluorescence of chlorophyll a varied depending on the moss species and the habitat of spring niches. This paper, presenting of preliminary results, is a kind of introduction to wider research in this topic.
THE PROBLEM OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WASTE MANAGEMENT ON THE TERRITORY OF VORONEZH REGION
Authors: Скоробогатова Л.Г. , Агеев В.В. , Щербаков В.М. , Дубова С.М. 
Published: May 2022

В настоящей статье приведена информация по динамике размещения отходов производства и потребления в Воронежской области, рассмотрена территориальная схема обращения с отходами на территории Воронежской области. Освещены проблемы утилизации отходов и рассмотрены возможные пути их решения.
This article provides information on the dynamics of production and consumption waste disposal in the Voronezh region, considers the territorial scheme of waste management in the Voronezh region. The problems of waste disposal are highlighted and possible ways of their solution are considered.
OPTIMIZATION OF MECHANIZED EXTRACTION AT LOW-YIELD FUND OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS
Authors: Гаджиев М.Д. , Стрекалов А.В. 
Published: May 2022

В условиях кратного снижения мировых цен на нефть добыча нефти из малодебитных обводненных скважин становится нерентабельной. Выбор механизированной насосной установки для подъема продукции из малодебитных скважин вызывает много сложностей у предприятий ТЭК. Предпочтения для эксплуатации подобных скважин отдано таким традиционным технологиям, как УЭЦН, СШНУ, ВШНУ, УЭФН и др. Однако, эксплуатация скважин такими установками сопровождаются характерными недостатками. Это приводит к сокращению срока службы работы установок, увеличивая экономические потери конкретных предприятий.
Under the conditions of a multiple decline in world oil prices, oil production from marginal flooded wells becomes unprofitable. The choice of a mechanized pumping unit for lifting products from marginal wells causes many difficulties for fuel and energy companies. Preference for the operation of such wells is given to such traditional technologies as ESP, SShNU, VSHNU, UEPN, etc. However, the operation of wells with such installations is accompanied by characteristic disadvantages. This leads to a reduction in the service life of installations, increasing the economic losses of specific enterprises.
Distributed teams: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Orlova M. V. , Aleksandrova I. Yu. 
Published: May 2022

A geographically dispersed workforce poses new challenges for managers, which shift the focus from project management to managing distributed project teams. Adapting the company and its management to this evolution in the workplace, it is necessary to create an environment in which remote team members interact productively. Distributed work requires operational flexibility from companies, which is characterised by greater susceptibility to changes in their markets, to new emerging customer requirements and new competitive threats. The article is devoted to the identification of factors contributing to the transition of companies to the distributed workforce, the advantages of this type of work, and the difficulties that companies will face.
ДОКУМЕНТНО-КОМУНІКАТИВНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ У ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД
Authors: Божук Людмила 
Published: May 2022

У статті розкрито актуальну проблему використання документно-комунікативних технологій у діяльності об’єднаних територіальних громад України. У зв’язку з проведенням адміністративно-територіальної реформи, яка супроводжується децентралізацією та створенням дієвих інститутів місцевого самоврядування – об’єднаних територіальних громад, на місцеву владу покладається низка нових функцій та повноважень. Серед них, чи не найбільш вагомими, є організаційні, забезпечення соціального захисту та створення умов для сталого розвитку місцевих громад. Особливо нагальною в означеному контексті постає проблема документно-комунікаційного забезпечення діяльності об’єднаних територіальних громад, що, у свою чергу, залежить від правильної організації та ефективного функціонування як внутрішньо організаційних зв’язків з обміну інформацією та документами, так і зовнішніх – налагодження ефективної комунікації з усіма учасниками комунікативної взаємодії: державними органами влади, жителями ОТГ, широкою громадськістю тощо.
Автором статті було з’ясовано, що в умовах становлення та розвитку цифрового суспільства, упровадження інноваційно-комунікативних технологій, відбуваються кардинальні зміни в інформаційній діяльності та веденні організаційної роботи органами публічного управління. Відтак об’єктом дослідження стали документно-комунікативні технології у діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування.
Здійснено спробу проаналізувати сучасний стан, позитивні сторони документно-комунікативної діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування та результативність використання ними інноваційних технологій. З’ясовано, що основними комунікаційними інструментами взаємодії більшості об’єднаних територіальних громад з громадськістю є: функціонування каналів прийому звернень громадян (особистий прийом громадян, надання інформації за запитами на інформацію, електронні звернення); традиційні інформаційні стенди та оголошення; взаємодія із засобами масової інформації; висвітлення інформації у місцевих друкованих виданнях, на офіційному вебсайті, у мережі «Інтернет», соціальних мережах та відеохостингу Ютуб.
Проведене дослідження встановило, що саме сайти та сторінки ОТГ у соціальних мережах є наразі одними з найбільш використовуваних комунікативних інструментів для підтримання зв’язку з органами влади, засобами масової інформації, громадськістю тощо