bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward High‐Performance CO2‐to‐C2 Electroreduction via Linker Tuning on MOF‐Derived Catalysts
Authors: Chen Rongzhen , Cheng Ling , Liu Jinze , Wang Yating , Ge Wangxin , Xiao Chuqian , Jiang Hao , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCopper (Cu)‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived catalysts are well studied for electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2); however, the effects of organic linkers for the selectivity of CO2 reduction are still unrevealed. Here, a series of Cu‐based MOF‐derived catalysts is investigated with different organic linkers appended, named X‐Cu‐BDC (BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, X = NH2, OH, H, F, and 2F). It is found that the linkers affect the faradaic efficiency (FE) for C2 products with an order of NH2 < OH < bare Cu‐BDC < F < 2F, thus tuning the FEC2:FEC1 ratios from 0.6 to 3.8. As a result, the highest C2 FE of ≈63% at a current density of 150 mA cm−2 on 2F‐Cu‐BDC derived catalyst is achieved. Using operando Raman measurements, it is revealed that the MOF derives to Cu2O during eCO2RR but organic linkers are stable. The fluorine group in organic linker can promote the H2O dissociation to *H species, further facilitating the hydrogenation of *CO to *CHO that helps CC coupling.
Excess fertility in residential‐scale urban agriculture soils in two western Oregon cities, USA
Authors: Nelson Mykl , Mhuireach Gwynne , Langellotto Gail A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSmall‐scale, residential food gardens are arguably the most common form of urban agriculture (UA) in the world. Despite their ubiquity, we know relatively little about the characteristics of UA soils, in general, and of residential food gardens specifically. We thus sampled soils from 27 residential‐scale vegetable gardens in two western Oregon cities to describe the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of residential‐scale UA soils. We distinguished growing sites by bed type: in‐ground beds (IGs) and raised beds (RBs). We assessed the proportion of soils that fell within published recommendations for vegetable production for various soil parameters. We found residential‐scale UA soils frequently exceeded recommended ranges for many fertility parameters. We also found differences in carbon/nitrogen ratio, active carbon, and sulfur, with RBs significantly higher than IGs. The excesses likely are due to routine overapplication of compost, soil amendments, and fertilizers by growers across their intensively managed urban spaces. Such overapplication and excess is likely to be exaggerated in RBs compared with IGs.
Structural evolution of transition metal orthoborates (Zn3B2O6−Co3B2O6) with the Kotoite mineral structure: Synthesis, structure and properties
Authors: Sivakumar Gurusamy , Natarajan Srinivasan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe the synthesis, structure, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Zn3B2O6 and Co3B2O6 systems with the detailed investigation of the structural transition along with the evolution of color. The compounds (Zn3‐xCox)B2O6 (0≤x≤3) were synthesised by high temperature solid‐state reactions. Rietveld refinements of the powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns on (Zn2.25 Co0.75)B2O6 and (Co2.25Zn0.75)B2O6 samples indicate uniform distribution of Zn and Co in their respective crystallographic sites. UV‐Vis absorption spectra on the samples can be explained based on the electronic transitions of Co2+ ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination. NIR reflectivity studies on Zn3B2O6 was found to be better than that of TiO2, which suggests possible use of this compound for reflective coatings. The temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility studies indicate antiferromagnetic behaviour. The compounds exhibit low dielectric loss across the investigated frequencies.
Pflegeausgliederung – Herausforderungen und erste Analysen der Pflegebudgets
Authors: Slowik Michael , Hentschker Corinna 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Ausgliederung der Pflegekosten aus dem Fallpauschalensystem sollte die Pflege am Bett gestärkt werden. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die theoretischen und operativen Herausforderungen der Pflegeausgliederung der vergangenen zwei Jahre aufzuarbeiten. Dabei werden die Hindernisse der Abgrenzungsmechanismen von pflegebudgetrelevanten und nicht-pflegebudgetrelevanten Finanzierungstatbeständen dargestellt. Des Weiteren werden vereinbarte Pflegebudgets von 491 Krankenhäusern analysiert. Die Parallelfinanzierung der Krankenhausleistungen durch aG-DRGs und Selbstkostenfinanzierung impliziert eine Doppelfinanzierung, getriggert durch erhebliche Umsetzungs- und Abgrenzungsprobleme zwischen den Finanzierungsbereichen. Außerdem werden mit der Ausgliederung der Pflege Fehlanreize generiert, zukünftig Pflegekräfte für nicht-patientenrelevante Versorgung einzusetzen. In Zukunft sollten die finanziellen Mittel für bessere Pflege, bessere Arbeitsbedingungen und somit auch für mehr Patientensicherheit eingesetzt werden.
Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf die psychiatrische Versorgung – eine Sekundärdatenanalyse auf der Grundlage von AOK-Versichertendaten
Authors: Engels Alexander , Stein Janine , Konnopka Claudia , Eichler Uwe , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird die veränderte Inanspruchnahme des psychiatrischen Versorgungsangebots während der Covid-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr analysiert. Betrachtet werden die Entwicklung der Krankenhausfälle im Rahmen von voll- und teilstationären Versorgungsleistungen sowie die Auslastung in Hochschulambulanzen und psychiatrischen Institutsambulanzen während der Lockdown-Maßnahmen über verschiedene Diagnosegruppen hinweg. Ein zweiter Fokus des Beitrags liegt auf der Entwicklung der Verschreibungen von Psychopharmaka während der Pandemie. Die Analysen beruhen auf einer Stichprobe von Versicherten der AOK bzw. auf Daten des Wissenschaftlichen Instituts der AOK (WIdO) aus den Jahren 2019 und 2020. Wichtige Ergebnisse zeigen einen starken Rückgang der Fallzahlen in allen psychiatrischen Versorgungsbereichen, der insbesondere während des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 stärker ausgeprägt war. Im Hinblick auf die Verschreibung von Psychopharmaka fand sich keine absolute Zunahme, aber eine Häufung von Verordnungen im Frühjahr sowie Herbst 2020. Die vorgelegten Auswertungen zeigen die deutlichen Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf psychiatrische Versorgungsleistungen.
Die Vergütung von Krankenhäusern nach der Pandemie
Authors: Leber Wulf-Dietrich , Schwarz Ronald 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungZusammenfassungDie kollektive Pandemieerfahrung wird absehbar einen Einfluss auf die Reformdebatte zur Vergütung von Krankenhausleistungen haben. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund des starken Fallzahlrückgangs steigt die Kritik an einer leistungsorientierten Vergütung und der Ruf nach einer Budgetgarantie wird lauter. Eine Analyse der gegenwärtigen Vergütungssystematik zeigt zunächst, dass die DRG-Fallpauschalen durch zahlreiche weitere Vergütungskomponenten ergänzt wurden. In der Pandemie kamen, insbesondere durch die Freihaltepauschalen, weitere Instrumente hinzu. Bedeutsam ist der Wiedereinstieg des Bundes in die Krankenhausfinanzierung. Ein zentraler Reformschritt in Richtung einer weniger fallzahlabhängigen Vergütung könnte die Vorhaltefinanzierung aus Bundesmitteln sein. In ihrer Systematik müsste sie sich klar von Freihaltepauschalen und klassischer Investitionsfinanzierung unterscheiden. Andere Reformoptionen (u. a. Qualitätsorientierung, Regionalbudgets) werden dargestellt, aber eher skeptisch beurteilt. Bedeutsamer als eine Reform der Vergütungsstruktur dürfte die Reform der Versorgungsstruktur sein.
Aβ/tau oligomer interplay at human synapses supports shifting therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Marcatti Michela , Fracassi Anna , Montalbano Mauro , Natarajan Chandramouli , Krishnan Balaji , Kayed Rakez , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline due to accumulating synaptic insults by toxic oligomers of amyloid beta (AβO) and tau (TauO). There is growing consensus that preventing these oligomers from interacting with synapses might be an effective approach to treat AD. However, recent clinical trial failures suggest low effectiveness of targeting Aβ in late-stage AD. Researchers have redirected their attention toward TauO as the levels of this species increase later in disease pathogenesis. Here we show that AβO and TauO differentially target synapses and affect each other's binding dynamics.MethodsBinding of labeled, pre-formed Aβ and tau oligomers onto synaptosomes isolated from the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mouse andpostmortemcognitively intact elderly human brains was evaluated using flow-cytometry and western blot analyses. Binding of labeled, pre-formed Aβ and tau oligomers onto mouse primary neurons was assessed using immunofluorescence assay. The synaptic dysfunction was measured by fluorescence analysis of single-synapse long-term potentiation (FASS-LTP) assay.ResultsWe demonstrated that higher TauO concentrations effectively outcompete AβO and become the prevailing synaptic-associated species. Conversely, high concentrations of AβO facilitate synaptic TauO recruitment. Immunofluorescence analyses of mouse primary cortical neurons confirmed differential synaptic binding dynamics of AβO and TauO. Moreover, in vivo experiments using old 3xTgAD mice ICV injected with either AβO or TauO fully supported these findings. Consistent with these observations, FASS-LTP analyses demonstrated that TauO-induced suppression of chemical LTP was exacerbated by AβO. Finally, predigestion with proteinase K abolished the ability of TauO to compete off AβO without affecting the ability of high AβO levels to increase synaptic TauO recruitment. Thus, unlike AβO, TauO effects on synaptosomes are hampered by the absence of protein substrate in the membrane.ConclusionsThese results introduce the concept that TauO become the main synaptotoxic species at late AD, thus supporting the hypothesis that TauO may be the most effective therapeutic target for clinically manifest AD.
Cautious stochastic choice, optimal stopping and deliberate randomization
Authors: Henderson Vicky , Hobson David , Zeng Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study cautious stochastic choice (CSC) agents facing optimal timing decisions in a dynamic setting. In an expected utility setting, the optimal strategy is always a threshold strategy—to stop/sell the first time the price process exits an interval. In contrast, we show that in the CSC setting, where the agent has a family of utility functions and is concerned with the worst case certainty equivalent, the optimal strategy may be of non-threshold form and may involve randomization. We provide some carefully constructed examples, including one where we can solve explicitly for the optimal stopping rule and show it is a non-trivial mixture of threshold strategies. Our model is consistent with recent experimental evidence in dynamic setups whereby individuals do not play cut-off or threshold strategies.
Percutaneous implantation of peripherally inserted totally implantable venous access systems in the forearm in adolescent patients
Authors: Augustin Anne Marie , Kertels Olivia , Wiegering Verena , Thurner Annette , Kickuth Ralph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Children with different underlying malignant diseases require long-term central venous access. As for port systems in a pectoral position, peripherally implanted port systems in the forearm revealed high levels of technical and clinical success in adult cohorts.

Objective
To investigate the technical and clinical outcomes of percutaneous central venous port implantation in the forearm in adolescents.

Materials and methods
Between April 2010 and August 2020, 32 children ages 9 to 17 years with underlying malignancy received 35 totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) in the forearm. All venous port systems were peripherally inserted under ultrasound guidance. Correct catheter placement was controlled by fluoroscopy. As primary endpoints, the technical success, rate of complications and catheter maintenance were analyzed. Secondary endpoints were the side of implantation, vein of catheter access, laboratory results on the day of the procedure, procedural radiation exposure, amount of contrast agent and reasons for port device removal.

Results
Percutaneous TIVAP placement under sonographic guidance was technically successful in 34 of 35 procedures (97.1%). Procedure-related complications did not occur. During the follow-up, 13,684 catheter days were analyzed, revealing 11 complications (0.8 per 1,000 catheter-duration days), Of these 11 complications, 7 were major and 10 occurred late. In seven cases, the port device had to be removed; removal-related complications did not occur.

Conclusion
Peripheral TIVAP placement in the forearms of children is a feasible, effective and safe technique with good midterm outcome. As results are comparable with standard access routes, this technique may be offered as an alternative when intermittent venous access is required.
The Supera Interwoven Nitinol Stent as a Flow Diverting Device in Popliteal Aneurysms
Authors: van de Velde L. , Groot Jebbink E. , Zambrano B. A. , Versluis M. , Tessarek J. , Reijnen M. M. P. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The feasibility of using a compressed interwoven Supera stent as a flow diverting device for popliteal aneurysms was recently demonstrated in patients. It is unclear, however, what the optimal flow diverting strategy is, because of the fusiform shape of popliteal aneurysms and their exposure to triphasic flow. To assess this flow diverting strategy for popliteal aneurysms, flow profiles and thrombus formation likelihood were investigated in popliteal aneurysm models.

Materials and Methods
Six popliteal aneurysm models were created and integrated into a pulsatile flow set-up. These models covered a bent and a straight anatomy in three configurations: control, single-lined and dual-lined Supera stents. Two-dimensional flow velocities were visualized by laser particle image velocimetry. In addition, the efficacy of the stent configurations for promoting aneurysm thrombosis was assessed by simulations of residence time and platelet activation.

Results
On average for the two anatomies, the Supera stent led to a twofold reduction of velocities in the aneurysm for single-lined stents, and a fourfold reduction for dual-lined stents. Forward flow was optimally diverted, whereas backward flow was generally deflected into the aneurysm. The dual-lined configuration led to residence times of 15–20 s, compared to 5–15 s for the single stent configurations. Platelet activation potential was not increased by the flow diverting stents.

Conclusion
A compressed Supera stent was successfully able to divert flow in a popliteal aneurysm phantom. A dual-lined configuration demonstrated superior hemodynamic characteristics compared to its single-lined counterpart.
Status der elektronischen Dokumentation in ophthalmologischen Hauptabteilungen in Deutschland
Authors: Fuhrmann L. , Böhringer D. , Gass P. , Dicke C. , Eter N. , Schargus M. 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die elektronische Dokumentation in Kliniken der Augenheilkunde ist eine Voraussetzung für deren Anschluss an digitale Versorgungsnetzwerke und effiziente Registerdatenbanken.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Erfassung von Ausmaß und Ausführung elektronischer Dokumentation in der stationären ophthalmologischen Versorgung in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden
Ein strukturierter Fragebogen wurde im Juni 2021 an alle deutschen Universitätsaugenkliniken und Hauptabteilungen für Augenheilkunde verschickt. Enthalten waren 13 teils offene, teils geschlossene Fragen zu Dokumentationsprozessen, Struktur der Datenspeicherung und Erfassung der abrechnungsrelevanten Kodierung.

Ergebnisse
Es antworteten 44 (44 %) von 100 Kliniken. Die Patientendokumentation erfolgte in 15 (34 %) Kliniken rein elektronisch, in den übrigen 29 (66 %) kombiniert elektronisch und papierbasiert; 16 unterschiedliche Konstellationen der Dokumentationsprogramme wurden angegeben. Am häufigsten wurden die Programme Orbis (27 %) (Dedalus HealthCare, Bonn, Deutschland), FIDUS (18 %) (Arztservice Wente, Darmstadt, Deutschland) und SAP/i.s.h.med (16 %) (SAP Deutschland, Walldorf, Deutschland; Cerner Deutschland, Berlin, Deutschland) genutzt. Drei Kliniken gaben die primäre Nutzung von Papierakten an. Eine strukturierte Befunddokumentation erfolgte in 61 % der befragten Abteilungen, in 23 % erfolgte diese teilstrukturiert und in 15 % nicht-strukturiert. Elektronische Dokumente wurden in 20 % der Kliniken im DICOM-Format (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) und in 34 % der Kliniken als PDF-Dateien (Portable Document Format) gespeichert, 23 % speicherten eingescannte Ausdrucke.

Diskussion
Die Dokumentationsprozesse in den deutschen Augenkliniken sind heterogen, wobei papierbasierte Dokumentation weiterhin eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Dies und die hohe Anzahl verschiedener Softwarelösungen stellen eine Herausforderung für den standortübergreifenden Datenaustausch dar.
Avoiding and Extending Partial Edge Colorings of Hypercubes
Authors: Casselgren Carl Johan , Johansson Per , Markström Klas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of extending and avoiding partial edge colorings of hypercubes; that is, given a partial edge coloring $$\varphi $$
φ
of the d-dimensional hypercube $$Q_d$$

Q
d

, we are interested in whether there is a proper d-edge coloring of $$Q_d$$

Q
d

that agrees with the coloring $$\varphi $$
φ
on every edge that is colored under $$\varphi $$
φ
; or, similarly, if there is a proper d-edge coloring that disagrees with $$\varphi $$
φ
on every edge that is colored under $$\varphi $$
φ
. In particular, we prove that for any $$d\ge 1$$

d
≥
1

, if $$\varphi $$
φ
is a partial d-edge coloring of $$Q_d$$

Q
d

, then $$\varphi $$
φ
is avoidable if every color appears on at most d/8 edges and the coloring satisfies a relatively mild structural condition, or $$\varphi $$
φ
is proper and every color appears on at most $$d-2$$

d
-
2

edges. We also show that $$\varphi $$
φ
is avoidable if d is divisible by 3 and every color class of $$\varphi $$
φ
is an induced matching. Moreover, for all $$1 \le k \le d$$

1
≤
k
≤
d

, we characterize for which configurations consisting of a partial coloring $$\varphi $$
φ
of $$d-k$$

d
-
k

edges and a partial coloring $$\psi $$
ψ
of k edges, there is an extension of $$\varphi $$
φ
that avoids $$\psi $$
ψ
.
New strategies for energy supply of cardiac implantable devices
Authors: Moerke Caroline , Wolff Anne , Ince Hüseyin , Ortak Jasmin , Öner Alper 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Heart disease and atrial fibrillation are the leading causes of death worldwide. Patient morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease can be reduced by more accurate and continuous diagnostic and therapeutic tools provided by cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs).

Objectives
Long-term operation of CIEDs continues to be a challenge due to limited battery life and the associated risk of device failure. To overcome this issue, new approaches for autonomous battery supply are being investigated.

Results
Here, the state of the art in CIED power supply is presented and an overview of current strategies for autonomous power supply in the cardiovascular field is given, using the body as a sustainable energy source. Finally, future challenges and potentials as well as advanced features for CIEDs are discussed.

Conclusion
CIEDs need to fulfil more requirements for diagnostic and telemetric functions, which leads to higher energy requirements. Ongoing miniaturization and improved sensor technologies will help in the development of new devices.
Galectin-8 and -9 as prognostic factors for cervical cancer
Authors: Beyer Susanne , Wehrmann Maya , Meister Sarah , Kolben Theresa M. , Trillsch Fabian , Burges Alexander , Czogalla Bastian , Schmoeckel Elisa , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Kolben Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with multiple effects on cell biology. Research shows that they play an important role in tumor development and progression. Therefore, in this study, the presence of Galectin-8 and -9 (Gal), both already known as prognostic factors in other tumor entities, were investigated in cervical cancer. Our aim was to examine the association of Gal-8 and -9 expression with histopathological markers and survival of the patients.

Methods
Gal-8 and -9 expression was investigated in 250 cervical cancer samples by immunohistochemistry. The staining was evaluated using the immunoreactive score (IRS). The results were correlated to clinical and pathological data. The correlation of Gal-8 and -9 expression with overall and relapse-free survival was analyzed.

Results
Expression of Gal-8 was associated with negative N-status and lower FIGO status. Detection of Gal-9 was connected to negative N-status and lower grading regarding all specimens. A correlation of Gal-9 with lower FIGO status was detected for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) only. Expression of Gal-8 was associated with relapse-free survival of SCC patients in a positive manner. Gal-9 expression was associated with better overall survival.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that expression of both galectins is inversely associated with tumor stage and progression. Gal-8 expression is associated with relapse-free survival of patients with SCC, while presence of Gal-9 in cervical cancer is associated with a better prognosis in regard of overall survival.
The effect of pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor function and sexuality postpartum. A randomized study including 300 primiparous
Authors: Schütze Sabine , Heinloth Marlen , Uhde Miriam , Schütze Juliane , Hüner Beate , Janni Wolfgang , Deniz Miriam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes they may be associated with pelvic floor disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum pelvic floor and sexual function of primiparous.

Methods
This is a randomized prospective study including 300 primiparous women. Due to the dropout 200 women were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were the delivery of the first, mature baby, the ability to speak and understand German. The participants were evaluated by clinical examinations and questionnaires after 6 and 12 months postpartum. After 6 months, the women were randomized in two groups. Compared to the control group the intervention groups participated in 45-min pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic floor perception once a week over 6 weeks.

Results
The results of the questionnaires showed no significant differences between the groups after 12 months. A significant stronger pelvic floor muscle strength was found for the intervention group after 12 months. The improvement of the pelvic floor and sexual function over the time showed a significant improvement in both groups.

Conclusion
Supervised pelvic floor muscle training did not improve both the pelvic floor and the female sexual function in comparison to the control group. After 12 months, the pelvic floor and sexual function improved significant in all women.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00024725), retrospectively registrated.