bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teori Belajar Konstruktivisme Ki Hajar Dewantara serta Relevansinya dalam Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Hawwin Muzakki  
Published: February 2022

Abstrak:
Perdebatan panjang terjadi khususnya dalam hal teori belajar. Bermuara pada pertanyaan, apakah siswa dapat mengkonstruk sendiri pengetahuannya atau guru satu-satunya sumber belajar utama? Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam sejarahnya merupakan tokoh awal pendidik Indonesia yang visioner. Beliau membentuk Taman Siswa untuk menentang konsep pendidikan ala Belanda yang menghegemoni dan menjajah (Inferiority complex) kaum pribumi kala itu, sehingga membuat rakyat Indonesia tidak bisa berfikir secara merdeka. Konsep “berfikir merdeka” itulah, yang saat ini ditangkap oleh pemerintah melalui penerapan Kurikulum 2013 dengan pendekatan scientific. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian literatur yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan hermeneutika filosofis, dengan tokohnya Gadamer. Penelitian ini ingin mengungkap (1) Bagaimana konsep teori belajar konstruktivisme Ki Hajar Dewantara? (2) Bagaimana relevansi pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara mengenai teori belajar konstruktivisme dengan Kurikulum 2013? Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk memberikan gambaran pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara tentang Teori Belajar Konstruktivisme dan relevansinya dengan Kurikulum 2013. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan: Pertama, teori belajar konstruktivisme Ki Hajar Dewantara yaitu: (1) Kesetaraan antara Peserta Didik dan Guru (2) Pemanfaatan sumber belajar lingkungan dan budaya (3) Pembelajaran berbasis observasi (4) Pembelajaran merdeka (5) Tut Wuri Handayani. Kedua, pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewamtara atas Relevansinya dengan Kurikulum 2013 dikaji melalui 2 aspek, yaitu: penekanan instruksional serta peran guru dan siswa.
Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Mewujudkan Budaya Kinerja Tinggi Tenaga Pendidik di Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah Terpadu Ponorogo
Authors: Hariyanto Wahid , Septy Prasetyaning Tyas  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap praktik peran Kepala Sekolah SDMT Ponorogo dalam mewujudkan budaya kinerja tinggi khususnya padabudaya kinerja tenaga pendidik. Mengingat tenaga pendidik merupakan ujung tombak keberhasilan dalam sebuah pendidikan. Dengan kata lain bermutu tidaknya pendidikan tergantung dari kinerja tenaga pendidiknya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkankinerja tenaga pendidik dengan cara merekayasa budaya kerja sehingga menciptakan budaya kinerja tinggi.Hal tersebut dikarenakan berdasarkan penelusuruan belum ada penelitian yang mengupas peran kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan budaya kinerja tinggi di lembaga pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini kepala sekolah dan seorangtenaga pendidik. Adapun cara mengumpulkan data dengan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis dengan konsep dari Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan budaya kinerja tinggi dilakukan dengan sistem collaborative principal rolesyang meliputi peran educator (memberikan pembinaan), motivator (memberikan motivasi kerja), supervisor (mengawasi jalannya kegiatan),leader (memimpin dengan sistem delegasi pada setiap kegiatan), manager (mengelola kegiatan berbasis time schedule). 2) usaha yang dilakukan kepala sekolah dalam menciptakan budaya kinerja tinggi adalah denganpenerapan sistem kerja berbasis full timer dan part timer, penerapan prinsip otoritas dan delegasi, pemantauan kinerja (supervisi), penerapan prinsip keadilan dalam hal insentif, dan penerapan the right man in the right place.

Kata Kunci: Peran Kepala Sekolah; Budaya Kinerja Tinggi
High efficiency non-doped organic light emitting diodes based on pure organic room temperature phosphorescence by high-lying singlet exciton fission
Authors: Guo Xiaomin , Yang Jie , Yuan Peisen , Yunsheng Yunsheng , Qiao Xianfeng , Li Zhen , Tang Ben Zhong , Ma Dongge 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Heavy-metal-free pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) holds great potential in the field of organic optoelectronic devices owing to their low economic cost, simple preparation techniques and high exciton utilization. However, it is still filled with challenges in realizing high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and exploring the behind internal physical mechanism based on these ORTP molecules. Here, we demonstrate a high performance OLED induced by an efficient interfacial spin-mixing process based on an ORTP molecule, and study the electroluminescence (EL) mechanism through magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto-photoluminescence (MPL) measurements. The steady-state and transient PL properties imply that the interfacial effect is related to a high-lying singlet fission (HLSF) process in the ORTP molecule, which will not only increase the number of triplet excitons, but also largely enhance the fluorescence lifetime, thus improving the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency. Furthermore, the HLSF process and the corresponding energy level position are confirmed by investigating the incident wavelength- and temperature-dependent PL spectra. Based on this interfacial spin mixing effect, the fabricated non-doped OLEDs based on the ORTP molecule as emissive layer exhibit high efficiency, and the external quantum efficiency is as high as 16% with CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.49) by optimizing the interfacial material adjacent to the emissive layer. The proposed mechanism during EL process will give insight to produce more efficient OLEDs based on ORTP materials in the future.
Musculoskeletal pain in health professionals at the end of their studies and 1 year after entry into the profession: A multi-center longitudinal study
Authors: Bucher Thomas , Volken Thomas , Pfeifer Fabian , Schaffert René 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pain, especially back pain, is common among health professionals (HPs). They reduce work productivity and cause high costs. This follow up study investigates the prevalence and individual course of Musculoskeletal pain among HP students at the end of their studies and one year after entering the health care workforce. Participants were asked whether their Musculoskeletal pain was related to study or work conditions.Method: Self reported one year prevalence for lower back pain, neck and shoulder pain, pain in arms or hands, and pain in legs or feet was collected by an online questionnaire at two timepoints from 1046 participating HPs. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models of the binomial family with log link were employed to estimate adjusted prevalence and corresponding normal based 95% confidence intervals were derived using the bootstrap method with 1,000 replications. Results: Prevalence of lower back pain as well as neck and shoulder pain was very high at baseline and follow up in all students and later HPs. Prevalence for pain in arms or hands, legs or feet was lower and there were significant differences between the professions. HP associated their lower back pain and neck and shoulder pain clearly with study and work conditions; HPs linked pain in arms or hands, legs or feet strongly with work conditions only.Conclusion: The prevention of lower back pain and neck and shoulder pain must be included in the curricula of all health professions at universities. As best practice example, they should incorporate ergonomic measures and exercises as a daily routine of the formation of health professionals. The impact of physically demanding professional tasks on upper and lower extremities needs to be investigated in further studies in order to take preventive measures.
Femtosecond Pulse Generation via an Integrated Electro-Optic Time Lens
Authors: Lončar Marko , Yu Mengjie , Reimer Christian , Barton David , Kharel Prashanta , Cheng Rebecca , He Lingyan , Shao Linbo , Zhu Di , Hu Yaowen , Grant Hannah , Johansson Leif , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Gaeta Alexander , Zhang Mian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Integrated femtosecond pulse and frequency comb sources are critical components for a wide range of applications, including optical atomic clocks, microwave photonics, spectroscopy, optical wave synthesis, frequency conversion, communications, lidar, optical computing8, and astronomy9. The leading approaches for on-chip pulse generation rely on mode locking inside microresonator with either third-order nonlinearity10 or with semiconductor gain. These approaches, however, are limited in noise performance, wavelength tunability and repetition rates. Alternatively, sub-picosecond pulses can be synthesized without mode-locking, by modulating a continuous-wave (CW) single-frequency laser using a cascade of electro-optic (EO) modulators. This method is particularly attractive due to its simplicity, robustness, and frequency-agility but has been realized only on a tabletop using multiple discrete EO modulators and requiring optical amplifiers (to overcome large insertion losses), microwave amplifiers, and phase shifters. Here we demonstrate a chip-scale femtosecond pulse source implemented on an integrated lithium niobate (LN) photonic platform, using cascaded low-loss electro-optic amplitude and phase modulators and chirped Bragg grating, forming a time-lens system. The device is driven by a CW distributed feedback (DFB) chip laser and controlled by a single CW microwave source without the need for any stabilization or locking. We measure femtosecond pulse trains (520 fs duration) with a 30-GHz repetition rate, flat-top optical spectra with a 10-dB optical bandwidth of 12.6 nm, individual comb-line powers above 0.1 milliwatt, and pulse energies of 0.54 picojoule. Our results represent a tunable, robust and low-cost integrated pulsed light source with CW-to-pulse conversion efficiencies an order of magnitude higher than achieved with previous integrated sources. Our pulse generator can find applications from ultrafast optical measurement to networks of distributed quantum computers.
Digital Transformation, Green Innovation And The Solow Productivity Paradox
Authors: Sun Shujun , Guo Lin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To provide evidence at the micro level for cracking the Solow productivity paradox, this paper deeply studies the impact of enterprise digital transformation on green innovation. In terms of theoretical research, three potential mechanisms are excavated for the first time; considering empirical research, a series of strict causal effect identification strategies are carried out. The results show that enterprise digital transformation can significantly promote green innovation, and it passes a series of robustness tests and endogenous tests. According to the theoretical and empirical results, the policy suggestions mainly include four points: helping enterprises to accelerate digital transformation; strengthening the green innovation ability of enterprises; reducing internal and external costs and promoting the professional division of labor; the partial pilot implementation of digital transformation policy. It provides a reference of experience and a path for other countries to follow in implementing a digital transformation strategy and green sustainable development strategy.
Decoherence of VB- spin defects in monoisotopic hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Haykal Angela , Tanos Rana , Minotto Noel , Durand Alrik , Fabre Florentin , Li Jiahan , Edgar James , Ivady Viktor , Gali Adam , MICHEL Thierry , Dréau Anaïs , Gil Bernard , Cassabois Guillaume , Jacques Vincent 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are promising quantum systems for the design of flexible two-dimensional quantum sensing platforms. Here we rely on hBN crystals isotopically enriched with either 10B or 11B to investigate the isotope-dependent properties of a spin defect featuring a broadband photoluminescence signal in the near infrared. By analyzing the hyperfine structure of the spin defect while changing the boron isotope, we first unambiguously confirm that it corresponds to the negatively-charged boron-vacancy center (VB-). We then show that its spin coherence properties are slightly improved in 10B-enriched samples. This is supported by numerical simulations employing cluster correlation expansion methods, which reveal the importance of the hyperfine Fermi contact term for calculating the coherence time of point defects in hBN. Using cross-relaxation spectroscopy, we finally identify dark electron spin impurities as an additional source of decoherence. This work provides new insights into the properties of VB- spin defects, which are valuable for the future development of hBN-based quantum sensing foils.
Risk Factors for Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Population–Based Study
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Yu Jing , Zhu Huiyong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by high frequency of early cervical lymph node metastases (LNM), resulting in poor survival of patients. Few researches focused on the risk factors of LNM in HSNCC patients. MethodsHNSCC patients diagnosed from 1993 to 2013 in the TCGA database formed the derivation cohort (n=316); HNSCC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China, formed the validation cohort (n=531). Clinicopathological data (sex, age, tumor sites, tumor size, and grade) of patients from both cohorts were collected. Their associations with LNM were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe tumor size and grade were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for LNM of patients with HNSCC in both the derivation cohort (OR=1.669, 95% CI: 1.18~2.378, p<0.01; OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.287~2.697, p<0.01, respectively) and the validation cohort (OR=1.338, 95% CI: 1.015~1.767, p<0.05; OR=1.936, 95% CI: 1.46~2.587, p<0.0001, respectively).ConclusionTumors with greater size and higher grade have a greater potential for lymph node metastasis, which remind us the importance of early screening and diagnosis of HNSCC.
Clinical Characteristics of Unsustainable Vertigo In Patients With Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Tang Lu , Jiang Weiwei , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Vestibular neuritis (VN) is the most common peripheral cause of acute vestibular syndrome. The typical features of VN are characterized by consistent vertigo or gait instability, persisting from one day to several weeks. Canal paresis of ≥25% in caloric testing is traditionally considered the hallmark of VN. However, owing to the wide application of video head impulse tests (vHITs), which precisely locate affected semicircular canals, unsustainable vertigo and instability in patients with VN have attracted interest. In this article, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features in patients with VN and episodic vertigo, aiming to expand the atypical clinical features and effective indicator of VN.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 57 patients with VN. Among them, patients with symptomatic (vertigo or gait instability) remission of more than 3 times per day for more than 1 hour each time were selected for unsustainable vertigo (UV) group, while subjects without significant relief period were selected for sustainable vertigo (SV) group. Demographic information, clinical manifestations and supplementary examinations of them were collected and analyzed. These patients were followed up with one year to gather prognostic information.Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the incident rate of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) and proportion of severe vertigo (Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire score ≥ 60) in SV group were significantly higher than those in UV group. Pearson correlation revealed that with a longer disease course, the latency of overt saccade was shorter (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.116) and the velocity of overt saccade was slower (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.150) in all patients with VN. All the patients felt relief from their symptoms after two weeks of treatment. During the first year of follow-up, no vertigo or instability reoccurred.Conclusion: This research showed that a lower incident rate of SN and proportion of severe vertigo could explain the episodic syndrome of VN. The latency and velocity of overt saccade can be promising indicators of VN prognosis. Although the pathogenesis of paroxysmal vertigo in VN remains unknown, timely treatment will reduce the risk of vestibular sequelae and emotional disturbance.
HBx Inhibits DNA Sensing Signaling Pathway via Ubiquitination and Autophagy of cGAS
Authors: Chen Hong , Jiang Linshan , Chen Shu , Hu Qin , Huang Ying , Wu Ying , Chen Weixian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
(1) Background: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a crucial DNA sensor and plays an important role in host antiviral innate immune responses. During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the cGAS signaling pathway can be activated to suppress HBV replication. As an important regulatory protein of HBV, hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) may serve as an antagonistic character to the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. In this study, we aim to investigate the functional role of HBx in the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. (2) Methods: The effects of HBx on IFN-β promoter activity was measured by Dual-luciferase reporter assays. Ubiquitination and autophagy were analyzed by Western-blot and Co-immunoprecipitation assays. (3) Results: Our results shown that HBx down-regulates IFN-I production by directly promoting ubiquitination and autophagy degradation of cGAS. (4) Conclusions: HBV can antagonize host cGAS DNA sensing to promote HBV replication and provide novel insights to develop novel approaches against HBV infection.
High diversity of anatomical and hydraulic strategies of dominant Amazonian savanna woody species
Authors: Simioni Priscila F. , Emilio Thaise , Giles André L. , de Freitas Gustavo Viana , Oliveira Rafael Silva , Setime Lara , Vitoria Angela Pierre , Pireda Saulo , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Cunha Maura Da 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Amazonian savannas are isolated patches of open habitats found within an extensive matrix of tropical rain forest. The climate of Amazonia is transitioning to a state that favors savannas over forests. Still, the hydraulic functioning of savanna species in Amazonian vegetation remains unknown and unexplored. We measured 22 leaf, wood, and hydraulic traits, including embolism resistance (as P50) and isotope-based water use efficiency (WUE), for the seven dominant woody species (75% of biomass) of Amazonian savanna. We found wide variation in resistance to embolism (-1.66 ±0.06 MPa and -5.07±0.46 MPa) with species investing in at least three different hydraulic strategies based on anatomical adjustment: (1) Species with high Gmax and low water use efficiency where leaf succulence may delay embolism onset; (2) Species that have low embolism resistance and high water use efficiency by reinforcing the walls of longer vessel elements to prevent implosion; (3) Species with high Gmax and low water use efficiency where short vessel elements and thick intervascular pit membranes may minimize the embolism spread across the plant. Our results suggest no unique dominant functional strategy among Amazonian savanna species illustrating the alternative ways to survive in a hot and seasonally dry environment.
The environmental consequences of ceasing dairy production
Authors: Simmons Aaron , Ritchie Zita , Perovic David , Roth Guy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change and water scarcity are major challenges facing the planet. Agriculture generates considerable GHG emissions and consumes water from rivers, streams and lakes. Reducing consumption of agricultural products with a relatively high carbon or water footprint, such as dairy, is often promoted as a mechanism to reduce the environmental impacts of food production. Using footprints to inform decisions is problematic because they represent the impacts of current production and not the consequences of re-allocating constrained resources such as land and water when demand for products change. We used consequential life cycle assessment to assess the water and climate change consequences of replacing NSW dairy production, and co-products of dairy production, with plant-based alternatives. Ceasing dairy production required the production of 125 kt of soybeans for soymilk and tofu, 38 kt of soymeal to replace meat meal and 8 kt of vegetable oil as a cream alternative and also increased demand for agricultural land. We concluded that water savings associated with the change would be limited and emissions reductions would be ~ 70% of that as estimated by the C footprint of production. We also assessed the climate change consequences of replacing NSW dairy production with plant-based alternatives when two GHG emissions reduction strategies, enteric methane inhibitors and flaring methane from effluent ponds, were implemented across the industry. Results from this analysis suggested that replacing NSW dairy production if emissions reductions strategies are put in place will result in a net increase in GHG emissions of 0.57 Mt CO2-e. This work has important messages for setting climate change mitigation strategies including net-zero targets.
Survival Among Children Under-Five in India: A Parametric Multilevel Survival Approach
Authors: Jaiswal Ajit Kumar , Alagarajan Manoj , Meitei Wahengbam Bigyananda 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMany studies have been conducted on under-five mortality in India and most of them focused on the associations between individual-level factors and under-five mortality risks. On the contrary, only a scarce number of literatures talked about contextual level effect on under-five mortality. Hence, it is very important to have thorough study of under-five mortality at various levels. This can be done by applying multilevel analysis, a method that assesses both fixed and random effects in a single model. The multilevel analysis allows extracting the influence of individual and community characteristics on under-five mortality. Hence, this study would contribute substantially in understanding the under-five mortality from a different perspective.MethodThe study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) acquired in India, i.e., the fourth round of National Family and Health Survey (2015-16). It is a nationally representative repeated cross-sectional data. Multilevel Parametric Survival Model (MPSM) was employed to assess the influence of contextual correlates on the outcome. The assumption behind this study is that ‘individuals’ (i.e., level-1) are nested within ‘districts’ (i.e., level-2), and districts are enclosed within ‘states’ (i.e., level-3). This suggests that people have varying health conditions, residing in dissimilar communities with different characteristics.ResultsHighest under-five mortality i.e., 3.85% are happening among those women whose birth interval is less than two years. In case of parity, around 4% under-five mortality is among women with Third and above order parity. Further, findings from the full model is that ICC values of 1.17% and 0.65% are the correlation of the likelihood of having under-five mortality risk among people residing in the state and district communities, respectively. Besides, the risk of dying was increased alarmingly in the first year of life and slowly to aged 3 years and then it remains steady. ConclusionThis study has revealed that both aspects viz. individual and contextual effect of the community are necessary to address the importance variations in under-five mortality in India. In order to ensure substantial reduction in under-five mortality, findings of the study support some policy initiatives that involves the need to think beyond individual level effects and considering contextual characteristics.