bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phonetics and phonology of Uspanteko (Mayan)
Authors: Bennett Ryan , Harvey Meg , Henderson Robert , Méndez López Tomás Alberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUspanteko is an endangered Mayan language spoken by up to 6000 people in the Guatemalan highlands. We provide an overview of the phonetics and phonology of Uspanteko, focussing on phenomena which are common in Mayan languages and/or typologically interesting. These include glottalised consonants (ejectives, implosives, and glottal stop), uvular consonants, vowel length contrasts, syllable structure, stress, and lexical tone. Tone is unusual among Mayan languages, especially in Guatemala, and the phonetic description here complements the small handful of existing descriptions of tone in Uspanteko and within the Mayan family.
Linking pathogen–microbiome–host interactions to explain amphibian population dynamics
Authors: Torres‐Sánchez María , Longo Ana V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSymbiotic interactions can determine the evolutionary trajectories of host species, influencing genetic variation through selection and changes in demography. In the context of strong selective pressures such as those imposed by infectious diseases, symbionts providing defences could contribute to increase host fitness upon pathogen emergence. Here, we generated genome‐wide data of an amphibian species to find evidence of evolutionary pressures driven by two skin symbionts: a batrachochytrid fungal pathogen and an antifungal bacterium. Using demographic modelling, we found evidence of decreased effective population size, probably due to pathogen infections. Additionally, we investigated host genetic associations with infection status, antifungal bacterium abundance and overall microbiome diversity using structural equation models. We uncovered relatively lower nucleotide diversity in infected frogs and potential heterozygote advantage to recruit the candidate beneficial symbiont and fight infections. Our models indicate that environmental conditions have indirect effects on symbiont abundance through both host body traits and microbiome diversity. Likewise, we uncovered a potential offsetting effect among host heterozygosity–fitness correlations, plausibly pointing to different ecological and evolutionary processes among the three species due to dynamic interactions. Our findings revealed that evolutionary pressures not only arise from the pathogen but also from the candidate beneficial symbiont, and both interactions shape the genetics of the host. Our results advance knowledge about multipartite symbiotic relationships and provide a framework to model ecological and evolutionary dynamics in wild populations. Finally, our study approach can be applied to inform conservation actions such as bioaugmentation strategies for other imperilled amphibians affected by infectious diseases.
Pedicled Double‐Barrel Fibular Transplantation Versus Bone Transport in the Treatment of Upper Tibial Osteomyelitis with Bone Defects: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Qiang , Lu Yao , Ma Teng , Wang Qian , Wang ChaoFeng , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Ren Cheng 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the clinical effects of using pedicled double‐barrel fibular transplantation (PDBFT) and bone transport (BT) for the treatment of upper tibial osteomyelitis with bone defects.MethodsA total of 83 patients with upper tibial osteomyelitis and bone defects were selected and retrospectively studied in Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital from January 2009 to January 2019. There were 52 males and 31 females, aged 19–72 years. The tibial defect range was 5–12 cm. Patients were divided into two groups, including the PDBFT (40 cases) and the BT group (43 cases). All patients were classified according to Cierny–Mader classification, including 48 cases of type III and 35 cases of type IV. Operation time, blood loss and cure time were compared. Ennecking score was used to evaluate limb functions, including pain, activity function, self‐perception, brace use, walking ability, and gait change, while self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used for postoperative mental and psychological status. In addition, complications were recorded. All patients were followed for at least 2 years. SPSS 23.0 software was used to process data.ResultsThere was no significant difference in demographic data between the two groups (p > 0.05). Operation time was 182.5 ± 22.7 min in PDBFT group vs, 124.2 ± 15.6 min in BT group, respectively (p < 0.05); intra‐operative blood loss was 286 ± 34 ml vs 45 ± 18 ml (p < 0.05); cure time was 7.3 ± 1.8 months vs 11.6 ± 3.7 months (p < 0.05); and Ennecking score was 87.3% and 76.0%, respectively (p < 0.05). So, the PDBFT group showed longer operation time, more blood loss, shorter cure time, and better Ennecking score than the BT group. Importantly, limb functions of the PDBFT group were better than that of the BT group. Moreover, the PDBFT group presented better postoperative mental status and fewer complications than that in BT group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients were successfully cured by both the PDBFT and BT techniques. Compared with the BT group, the PDBFT group brought better clinical effects and fewer complications which could be the first operative choice for the treatment of upper tibial osteomyelitis with bone defects.
The Comparison between Mini‐Subvastus Approach and Medial Parapatellar Approach in TKA: A Prospective Double‐Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Geng Lei , Fu Jun , Xu Chi , Ren Peng , Wang Yi‐ming , Ji Quan‐bo , Xin Peng , Zheng Qing‐yuan , Ni Ming , Zhang Guo‐qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveMinimal invasive approach has been increasingly used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and more is expected of early rehabilitation in terms of pain release and recovery of knee function. The approach type is one of the major factors that determines the early rehabilitation after TKA. The purpose of this study is to determine whether mini‐subvastus approach (MSVA) is superior to the traditional medial parapatellar approach (MPA) in TKA.MethodsFrom 2018 to 2019, a randomized double‐blinded prospective study was conducted on 58 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA. The subjects included eight men and 50 women, with an average age of 65 years. One side was randomized using MSVA and the other side using MPA. Visual analog scale (VAS), operative duration, recovery time to straight leg raising (SLR), range of motion (ROM), HSS score, release rate of lateral retinaculum, satisfaction rate were recorded and compared. Paired‐samples T test were used for quantitative data and chi‐square test for qualitative data.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the ratio of left and right sides, preoperative ROM, VAS, HSS score, muscular strength of lower limbs, KL grade, operative order, and operative duration between the two groups. The average ROM (118.91 ± 8.21 vs. 107.60 ± 7.99, t = 14.320, p = 0.0000) and HSS score (72.03 ± 4.55 vs. 61.22 ± 4.36, t = 13.095, p = 0.0000) on POD 3, VAS in rest and motion on POD 1 and 3, the recovery time to SLR (1.17 ± 0.38 vs. 3.09 ± 0.76, t = 19.902, p = 0.0000), and the satisfaction rate on POD 1 (96.55% vs. 74.14%, χ2 = 9.9251, p = 0.0016) were superior in the MSVA group over MPA group. ROM in rest and motion and HSS score on POD 30 had no difference. The release rate of lateral retinaculum was less in the MSVA group than in the MPA group. The mean value of HKA, FFC, and FTC and the proportion of outliers did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared with MPA, MSVA can make ROM of knee and SLR recover earlier, reduce postoperative pain after TKA, improve the early postoperative satisfaction and reduce the lateral release rate. MSVA can be used as a favorable measure in the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).
Silicon amendment improves wheat defence against Fusarium graminearum and complements the control by fungicide of Fusarium head blight
Authors: Pazdiora Paulo Cesar , Crizel Rosane Lopes , da Rosa Dorneles Keilor , da Silva Sabrina Monks , Morello Thomas Natali , Chaves Fabio Clasen , Dallagnol Leandro José 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA three‐year field experiment with two wheat cultivars evaluated the effect of soil‐applied silicon (Si), with and without fungicide spraying, on Fusarium head blight (FHB) control. Silicon treatment alone reduced FHB severity and the percentage of damaged wheat kernels, regardless of the cultivar. The best disease control was obtained for the cultivar with moderate disease resistance (MR), supplied with silicon and treated with fungicide during flowering. Silicon treatment alone promoted an increase in deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the disease‐susceptible cultivar; however, in the MR cultivar, silicon amendment associated with fungicide treatment led to a reduction in DON concentration. Greenhouse experiments evaluated the effect of silicon combined with different timings of fungicide application on wheat defences against Fusarium graminearum. Plants supplied with silicon had a longer pathogen incubation period, lower FHB severity and lower DON concentration when compared to plants without silicon. In addition, silicon‐supplied plants had higher soluble phenolic content and altered antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POX and PPO) that favoured early accumulation of hydrogen peroxide when compared to plants without silicon. Greater control of FHB and lower DON concentration in plants treated with silicon and fungicide before inoculation and up to 1 day after inoculation was associated with increased levels of defence‐associated metabolites. Silicon contributed to the reduction of FHB and DON concentration in wheat, especially for the MR cultivar and, when combined with fungicide spraying, both MR and disease‐susceptible cultivars had enhanced performances upon silicon amendment.
Perspectives of Agroforestry Practitioners on Agroforestry Adoption: Case Study of Selected SARE Participants☆
Authors: Romanova Olga , Gold Michael A. , Hall Damon M. , Hendrickson Mary K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgroforestry practices offer a compelling addition to conventional agriculture as they provide a broad range of economic, ecological, and social benefits. Despite its recognized potential, broad on‐the‐ground adoption of U.S. agroforestry remains limited. Factors influencing agroforestry adoption and dissemination bottlenecks by actual practitioners are underexplored. While previous studies have focused mostly on landowner and farmer interests in agroforestry, without them necessarily being practitioners, this research details the perspective of those who have actively implemented some agroforestry practices. Early adopters of agroforestry represent an essential catalyst for future agroforestry diffusion. Better understanding of the factors influencing their decisions and reasons behind agroforestry practice adoption will help to support and promote wider adoption. This research study documents the what and why questions of early‐stage agroforestry adoption and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence both adoption and discontinuation decisions. Recommendations are offered to target and attract more agroforestry practitioners.
Inferring a Cognitive Architecture from Multitask Neuroimaging Data: A Data‐Driven Test of the Common Model of Cognition Using Granger Causality
Authors: Hake Holly Sue , Sibert Catherine , Stocco Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCognitive architectures (i.e., theorized blueprints on the structure of the mind) can be used to make predictions about the effect of multiregion brain activity on the systems level. Recent work has connected one high‐level cognitive architecture, known as the “Common Model of Cognition,” to task‐based functional MRI data with great success. That approach, however, was limited in that it was intrinsically top‐down, and could thus only be compared with alternate architectures that the experimenter could contrive. In this paper, we propose a bottom‐up method to infer a cognitive architecture directly from brain imaging data itself, overcoming this limitation. Specifically, Granger causality modeling was applied to the same task‐based fMRI data to infer a network of causal connections between brain regions based on their functional connectivity. The resulting network shares many connections with those proposed by the Common Model of Cognition but also suggests important additions likely related to the role of episodic memory. This combined top‐down and bottom‐up modeling approach can be used to help formalize the computational instantiation of cognitive architectures and further refine a comprehensive theory of cognition.
Factor eight inhibiting bypass activity for refractory bleeding in acute type A aortic dissection repair: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Pupovac Stevan S. , Levine Randy , Giammarino Ashley T. , Scheinerman Samuel Jacob , Hartman Alan R. , Brinster Derek R. , Hemli Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative bleeding and transfusion have been associated with adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. The use of factor eight inhibiting bypass activity (FEIBA) in managing bleeding after repair of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) has not previously been evaluated. We report our experience in utilizing FEIBA in ATAAD repair.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of all consecutive patients who underwent repair of ATAAD between July 2014 and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups, dependent upon whether or not they received FEIBA intraoperatively: “FEIBA” (n = 112) versus “no FEIBA” (n = 119). From this, 53 propensity‐matched pairs of patients were analyzed with respect to transfusion requirements and short‐term clinical outcomes.ResultsThirty‐day mortality for the entire cohort was 11.7% (27 deaths), not significantly different between patient groups. Those patients who received FEIBA demonstrated reduced transfusion requirements for all types of blood products in the first 48 h after surgery as compared with the “no FEIBA” cases, including red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate (p < .0001). There was no significant difference in major postoperative morbidity between the two groups. The FEIBA cohort did not demonstrate an increased incidence of thrombotic complications (stroke, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism).DiscussionWhen used as rescue therapy for refractory bleeding following repair of ATAAD, FEIBA appears to be effective in decreasing postoperative transfusion requirements whilst not negatively impacting clinical outcomes. These findings should prompt further investigation and validation via larger, multi‐center, randomized trials.
A Non-Intrusive Particle Temperature Extraction Methodology Using Infrared and Visible-Image Sequences for High-Temperature Particle Plumes
Authors: Ortega Jesus D. , Ho Clifford K. , Anaya Guillermo , Vorobieff Peter , Mohan Gowtham 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The direct measurement of particle temperatures in particle-laden flows presents a unique challenge to thermometry due to the flow's transient and stochastic nature. Previous attempts to measure the bulk particle temperature of a dilute particle plume or particle curtain using intrusive and non-intrusive methods have been mildly successful. In this work, a non-intrusive method using a high-speed infrared (IR) camera and a visible-light camera to yield an indirect particle temperature measurement technique is developed and tested. The image sequences obtained from the IR camera allow for the calculation of the apparent particle temperature, while the visible-light image sets allow for the calculation of the plume opacity as a function of flow discharge position. To extract the true particle temperature, a post-processing algorithm based on Planck's radiation theory was developed. The results were validated through a series of lab-scale tests at the University of New Mexico using a test rig capable of generating particle curtains at various temperatures. The temperature profiles extracted from the methodology presented were compared to the temperature data measured during experimental measurements yielding agreement of the bulk particle temperature of the plume within 10% error. The methods described here will be developed further to estimate the heat losses from the falling particle receiver at Sandia National Laboratories.
Structural Integrity Management of Ageing Offshore Structures: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Stacey Alexander , Ersdal Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

The North Sea offshore industry is now over 50 years old with the installation of the first platform in the North Sea in 1966. The majority of platforms have now exceeded their design lives and are considered to be ageing structures in the life-extension phase. Safe operation requires the implementation of structural integrity management systems that recognise the potential issues associated with damage, deterioration and obsolescence.
The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Energy Division and Norway’s Petroleum Safety Authority(PSA)have been very active in the development and promotion of good practice in the integrity management of ageing offshore installations from the outset. In the UK, with the transfer of responsibilities from the UK Department of Energy to the HSE following the Piper Alpha disaster of 1988, the HSE has funded a substantial research programme on ageing and life extension (ALE) issues. This has supported the development of codes, standards and guidance on structural integrity management and ageing / life extension. The HSE has under taken major industry-wide inspection programmes and led significant stakeholder engagement activities to promote awareness of ALE within the offshore industry. A particularly successful initiative was the creation of the Energy Institute Ageing and Life Extension Work Group which supports the development of guidance on ALE issues and continues to be very active. Most recently, the HSE has extended its activity to the assessment of extreme weather loading, characterised by the 10,000-year event, which was not a design requirement for ageing installations and now presents a challenge to these.
Similarly, PSA in Norway has placed an increasing focus on ageing facilities since the late 1990s. By then, a few fixed offshore platforms had exceeded their original design life but, more significantly, a number of drilling rigs showed signs of ageing and had exceeded their design life. A joint letter to the industry about managing ageing drilling rigs was issued by the HSE in the UK and PSA in Norway in 2003. From 2005 to 2010, PSA undertook a key programme on ageing and life extension of oil and gas facilities. This key programme initiated several technology-development projects with the aim of increasing knowledge in the industry on life extension assessment.
This paper outlines the work of the offshore regulatory authorities on the issue of ageing and life extension and concludes that, with the focus on energy transition, ALE will present further challenges to the safe operation of offshore structures for the foreseeable future. The management of ALE in the evolving offshore environment also highlights the importance of suitable integrity management practices and the role of regulation in ensuring workforce safety.
Implications of the Loads Jip on Extreme Wave Conditions in the North Sea
Authors: Feld Graham , Randell David , Jonathan Phillip 
Published: September 2022

Extreme value analysis is used to assess the impact of the new approaches described in the LOADS JIP on the development of metocean wave criteria in the Central North Sea. The use of the Forristall distributions for determining crest and wave heights is well established but this paper compares inferences using those short-term probability distributions with those from the new approaches in LOADS which better reflect wave non-linearity and the effects of wave breaking in intermediate and deep waters. The new distributions also indicate some sensitivity to wave spreading and JONSWAP peakedness and the sensitivity of extreme wave conditions to these sea-state descriptors is examined. For crest heights, the analysis covered both point and area statistics for nominal deck sizes up to 50m x 50m.
In the presence of uncertainty, there is also potential ambiguity surrounding the precise definition of return value. The quantitative effect of uncertainty is dependent upon the definition used and the impact of three different definitions is compared with the traditional approach of effectively ignoring uncertainty in the extrapolation process.
The analysis was carried out using the NORA10 WAM hindcast developed by the Norwegian Met Office which covered approximately 60 years of historical atmospheric and sea-state conditions. The paper presents quantitative comparisons between return values derived using the different approaches concentrating on return periods of 100 and 10,000 years.
Establishing Unmanning Criteria for a Jacket Structure on the NCS
Authors: Lian Gunnar , Hagen Øistein , Haver Sverre K. 
Published: September 2022

The shut-down and unmanning procedure shall be implemented to ensure that the structural reliability of the facility with personnel on-board are not less than for permanently manned platforms. A permanently manned installation shall withstand the abnormal metocean actions (ALS) with an annual probability of exceedance equal to 10−4. According to NORSOK N-006 it can be assumed that the same safety level is achieved by unmanning the installation for a metocean action of 5 x 10−4 exceedance probability per year. NORSOK also recommends to have a criterium related to the probability of exceeding the structural capacity in the forecasted extreme storm. Further, NORSOK N-006 requires that the uncertainty and/or bias in weather forecasts shall be accounted for.
A consistent way of estimating the extreme response is by utilizing a long-term analysis. Two long term approaches will be considered in this paper: all sea states approach and random storm approach. Unmanning criteria according to N-006 will be established for both methods. The example case is unmanning due to possible wave-in-deck impact of a jacket structure in water depth of 110m.
The paper will discuss unmanning by considering the annual target constraint and by considering constraint in terms of forecasted storm event. Further, the effect of forecasted uncertainty will be discussed.
ISO 19901-1 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries — Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures — Part 1: Metocean Design and Operating Considerations
Authors: Smith Donald 
Published: September 2022

ISO 19901-1, the metocean design and operating considerations standard, has been providing the international oil and gas industry with requirements, guidance and region-specific data since it was first issued in 2005. It addresses the sourcing of metocean data, their analyses and extrapolation to long return periods, wave kinematics, joint probability considerations, metocean data (real time) collection and a range of other considerations.
Over the past few years, through a series of Joint Industry Projects and company led initiatives, the industry’s understanding of a range of specific metocean issues has advanced considerably, in particular in relation to crest height determination, wave kinematics, breaking waves, response based analyses and, most recently, how to address epistemic uncertainty within long term metocean extrapolations.
The introduction of these changes within the design and assessment of new and existing structures is likely to require some operators to revisit the basis on which they previously demonstrated that their structures deliver the required level of reliability.
This paper outlines the latest revisions to ISO 19901-1 which address the improvement in knowledge listed above. In addition, it presents new and revised guidance on the validation of Metocean forecasts for weather sensitive operations and region specific information.