bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpharmaceutical interventions against the COVID‐19 pandemic significantly decreased the spread of enterovirus in children
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Cao JiaJia , Ye Qing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrecise prevention and control measures have been adopted to impede the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China. This study was performed to investigate the effect of protective measures on gastrointestinal infection in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The data on the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen tests were collected in outpatient children due to gastroenteritis from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. According to age and month distribution, the positive number and rate of rotavirus and adenovirus in 2020 were compared with 2019. A 3.8‐fold and 4‐fold reduction in the number of rotavirus‐ and adenovirus‐positive patients in 2020 were found, respectively. The overall positive rate of rotavirus and adenovirus infection was drastically decreased in 2020 (rotavirus 2020: 18.18% vs. 2019: 9.75%, p < 0.001; adenovirus 2020: 3.13% vs. 2019: 1.58%, p < 0.001). The proportions of rotavirus and adenovirus in all age groups in 2020 decreased compared with those in 2019. The highest frequency of rotavirus infection occurred among children aged 1–3 years both in 2019 and 2020 (2019: 27.95% vs. 2020: 17.19%, p < 0.001), while adenovirus infection was detected in children aged 3–5 years, which had the highest percent positivity (2019: 8.19% vs. 2020: 4.46%; p < 0.001). An obvious peak prevalence of rotavirus incidence was found during December–April, and the percent positivity of rotavirus significantly decreased in 2020 (December 2019: 24.26% vs. 2020: 8.44%, p < 0.001; January 2019: 40.67% vs. 2020: 38.18%, p < 0.05; February 2019: 40.73% vs. 2020: 15.04%, p < 0.001; March 2019: 31.47% vs. 2020: 7.88%, p < 0.001; April 2019: 15.52% vs. 2020: 4.78%, p < 0.001). The positive rate of adenovirus distributed throughout 2019 was 1.91%–4.86%, while the percent positivity during 2020 in the same period was much lower (0.00%–3.58%). Our results confirmed that the preventive and control measures adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the collateral benefit of these interventions have significantly decreased the transmission of rotavirus or adenovirus.
Enhanced extracellular β‐mannanase production by overexpressing PrsA lipoprotein in Bacillus subtilis and optimizing culture conditions
Authors: Xu Liyu , Zhang Yongyong , Dong Yuehan , Qin Gang , Zhao Xiao , Shen Yanyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, first, β‐mannanase gene man derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC1.857 was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis 168 to generate B. subtilis M1. However, the extracellular β‐mannanase activity of B. subtilis M1 was not very high. To further increase extracellular β‐mannanase extracytoplasmic molecular chaperone, PrsA lipoprotein was tandem expressed with man gene in B. subtilis 168 to yield B. subtilis M2. The secretion of β‐mannanase of B. subtilis M2 was enhanced by 15.4%, compared with the control B. subtilis M1. Subsequently, process optimization strategies were also developed to enhance β‐mannanase production by B. subtilis 168 M2. It was noted that the optimal temperature for β‐mannanase production (25°C) was different from the optimal growth temperature (37°C) for B. subtilis. Based on these findings, a two‐stage temperature control strategy was proposed where the bacterial culture was maintained at 37°C for the first 12 h to obtain a high rate of cell growth, followed by lowering the temperature to 25°C to enhance β‐mannanase production. Using this strategy, the extracellular β‐mannanase activity reached 5016 ± 167 U/ml at about 36 h, which was 19.1% greater than the best result obtained using a constant temperature (25°C). The result of this study showed that PrsA lipoprotein overexpression and two‐stage temperature control strategy were more efficient for β‐mannanase fermentation in B. subtilis.
Reducing chilling injury in 'Palmer' mangoes submitted to quarantine cold treatment
Authors: Sanches Alex Guimarães , da Silva Maryelle Barros , Fernandes Thiago Feliph Silva , Pedrosa Vanessa Maria Dantas , Wong Maria Carolina Casares , Gratão Priscila Lupino , Teixeira Gustavo Henrique de Almeida 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatment with low temperatures can be used to quarantine mangoes against fruit‐fly infestation. However, mangoes can develop chilling injury (CI) when stored at temperatures below 13 °C. We demonstrated that the immersion in polyol solutions can alleviate CI symptoms in ‘Palmer’ mangoes stored at 8 °C. These suggest that polyols can be used to reduce CI in mangoes during quarantine at low temperatures. Thus, we investigated the efficacy of applying 0.1% (v/v) glycerol, propylene glycol, or sorbitol to ‘Palmer’ mangoes subjected to cold treatment (1.0 °C) for 28 days. Mangoes were then ripened at 23 °C for 7 days.RESULTSAmong these polyols, sorbitol was the most effective in alleviating CI for up to 14 days of cold treatment. Mangoes treated with sorbitol showed lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reduced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. These fruit also had elevated levels of ascorbate (AsA), especially in the epicarp, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity.CONCLUSIONSorbitol can reduce the CI, but to an unsatisfying level, and it should be combined with other treatments storage at low temperature. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Total neoadjuvant therapy is associated with improved overall survival and pathologic response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Villano Anthony M. , O'Halloran Eileen , Goel Neha , Ruth Karen , Barrak Dany , Lefton Max , Reddy Sanjay S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated outcomes of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) compared with single modality neoadjuvant therapy (SMNT) or surgery first (SF) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsA single‐institution retrospective review of PDAC patients who underwent pancreatectomy was conducted (1993–2019). Overall survival (OS) estimates from diagnosis and from surgery were determined using Kaplan–Meier methods; Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates.ResultsSurgery was performed upfront (SF) in 168 (46.9%), while 111 (31.0%) had chemotherapy or chemoradiation before resection (SMNT), and 79 (22.1%) underwent TNT (chemotherapy and chemoradiation). Resection margins were more frequently R0 in the TNT group (86.1%) compared with SMNT (64.0%) and SF (72%) (p < 0.001). Complete pathologic response was more common in the TNT group (10.1%) compared with SMNT (3.6%) or SF (0.6%) (p = 0.001), resulting in prolonged survival (median OS = 100.2 months). TNT patients demonstrated longer median OS from surgery (33.6 months) compared with SF (19.1 months) and SMNT (17.4 months) (p = 0.010), which persisted after controlling for covariates.ConclusionsTNT is associated with more frequent complete pathologic response, a higher rate of margin negative resection, and prolonged OS as compared with SF or SMNT. Additional studies to identify subgroups that derive the greatest benefit are warranted.
Facile synthesis of a novel magnetic covalent organic frameworks for extraction and determination of five fungicides in Chinese herbal medicines
Authors: Li Yurui , Ma Zhenning , Guo Hongbo , Xu Xiuli , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2022

A novel magnetic covalent organic framework was synthesized via a one‐step coating approach with solvothermal reaction employing 2,4,6‐tris(4‐aminophen‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine and 2,4,6‐triformylphloroglucinol as two building blocks by covalent bonding. The prepared magnetic covalent organic frameworks were properly characterized by different techniques and employed as adsorbents of magnetic solid‐phase extraction. An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five fungicides in two Chinese herbal medicine samples via magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Under optimized magnetic solid‐phase extraction conditions, the method exhibited satisfactory recoveries (74.0−109.6%) with relative standard deviations of 0.4−4.6%, low limits of detection (0.003−0.015 μg/kg), and good linearity (R2 > 0.9960). Compared with the traditional extraction method, the proposed method required a lower amount of adsorbent (3 mg) and extraction time (5 min). The adsorbent also had favorable reusability (not less than eight times). Therefore, the magnetic covalent organic frameworks could be a promising adsorbent for the extraction and quantitation of fungicides in Chinese herbal medicines.
THE REPUTATION FACTOR: IT MATTERS WHAT PEOPLE THINK OF YOU
Authors: Bobbe Richard A. , Schaffer Robert H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors detail why the reputations of executives are so important, and how executives can learn more about what people really think of them. Case studies of individual executives are presented from a variety of settings, such as the Executive Vice President of a major pharmaceutical company; head of the New York Legal Assistance Group, the founder of the nonprofit Rapid Results Institute, president of a large telecommunications company, and Chief Executive Officer/CEO of AXA XL’s North American Group’s Property/Casualty business. The authors explain that “managers’ reputations are a very important aspect of a working culture about which its management disciplines provide little information and over which they exercise little control.” The authors further suggest such techniques as engaging in self‐examination, plus, in their words: Collaborative work assessment with colleagues, and Experiments in Collaborative Achievement. This work is crucial, because in organizations of all types, as the authors relate, “social agencies, businesses, volunteer organizations, government or the military – the lives of its members are significantly affected by how well its leaders perform their jobs in getting its goals realized and, in the process, make life rewarding (or miserable) for the people who are dedicating a major portion of their lives to achieve those goals.”
LEADERSHIP AND THE ATTRACTION OF BUSYNESS
Authors: Hougaard Rasmus , Carter Jacqueline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors explain why leaders are attracted to busyness, why it can be detrimental, and what can be done about it. The article is adapted from their new book Compassionate Leadership: How to Do Hard Things in a Human Way. They describe the research as “data collected from qualitative interviews with 350 executives (mainly Chief Executive Officers/CEOs and Chief Human Resource Officers/CHROs), and quantitative data from more than 5,000 companies in nearly 100 countries.” They note that busyness is seductive because it feels productive, yet is addictive. They believe that “busyness kills our compassion by cluttering our mind and closing ourselves to the wisdom and insight that comes when we have more mental space.” In overcoming this state, they provide insights, which in their words are: Busyness is a choice, manage time and priorities, put people first, and value busylessness. “If we focus on what we can and should do in this moment,” they write, “we can focus on the task at hand or the person we are with.”
CD55 is upregulated by cAMP/PKA/AKT and modulates human decidualization via Src and ERK pathway and decidualization‐related genes
Authors: Tang Zhijing , Wang Lu , Huang Zengshu , Guan Haiyun , Leung Wingting , Chen Xiuying , Xia Hexia , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDecidualization is an essential process for embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy, and abnormal decidualization contributed to several pregnancy disorders like a miscarriage. The objective of this study was to explore the regulation and function of CD55 in human decidualization. By immunohistochemical staining, it was found that CD55 expression was higher in first‐trimester decidua than in the endometrium. In both primary endometrial stromal cells and immortalized cell line T‐hESCs, CD55 was upregulated by induction of in vitro decidualization with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 8‐Br‐cAMP. During decidualization in vitro, CD55 was stimulated by 8‐Br‐cAMP in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, which was reversed by a PKA inhibitor H89 and partially by an AKT activator SC79. Knocking down CD55 expression diminished the expression of decidualization markers prolactin (PRL) and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), accompanied by inhibition of Src, aberrant activation of ERK and decreased expression of several decidualization‐related genes, including FOXO1, EGFR, and STAT3. Furthermore, the decidua of unexplained miscarriage women and the endometrium of unexplained infertile women both exhibited decreased CD55 expression. Collectively, these findings revealed that 8‐Br‐cAMP promotes CD55 expression via PKA activation and AKT dephosphorylation, and decreased CD55 impairs decidualization by inactivation of Src, aberrant activation of ERK pathway, and compromised expression of decidualization‐related genes, indicating that CD55 deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriage and infertility.
UK wildlife recorders cautiously welcome range‐shifting species but incline against intervention to promote or control their establishment
Authors: Cranston James , Crowley Sarah L. , Early Regan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The global redistribution of species due to climate change and other anthropogenic causes is driving novel human–wildlife interactions with complex consequences. On the one hand, range‐shifting species could disrupt recipient ecosystems. On the other hand, these species may be contracting in their historic range, contributing to loss of biodiversity there. Given that arriving range‐shifting species could also perhaps have positive effects on recipient ecosystems, there is [in principle] a net benefit equation to be calculated. Thus, public opinion on these species may be divided and they may present a unique challenge to wildlife management.

We surveyed the opinion of wildlife recorders about the establishment and management of eight birds and eight insects whose ranges have recently shifted into the United Kingdom. We asked whether respondents' attitudes were explained by the species' or respondents' characteristics, and whether or not climate change was emphasised as a cause of range‐shift. We also conducted qualitative analysis of the recorders' text responses to contextualise these results.

Attitudes to range‐shifting species were mostly positive but were more ambivalent for less familiar taxa and for insects compared with birds. Respondents were strongly opposed to eradicating or controlling new range‐shifters, and to management aimed to increase their numbers. Whether climate change was presented as the cause of range‐shifts did not affect attitudes, likely because respondents assumed climate change was the driver regardless.

These findings suggest that it will be difficult to generate support for active management to support or hinder species' redistribution, particularly for invertebrate or overlooked species among wildlife recorders. However, the positive attitudes suggest that on the whole range‐shifting species are viewed sympathetically. Engaging with wildlife recorders may represent an opportunity to garner support for conservation actions which will benefit both currently native and arriving species, such as improvements to habitat quality and connectivity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Suitability examination of novel cellulosic plant fiber from Furcraea selloa K. Koch peduncle for a potential polymeric composite reinforcement
Authors: Divya D. , Suyambulingam Indran , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNovel natural plant fibers with significant features are to be explored at the moment due to their renewability, degradability, wide range acceptability, economic feasibility, and ecological standards over existing synthetic ones. Since the identification of potential plant fibers are getting much attention of scientists/researchers for the development of promising fiber reinforced composites. In the light of this, the present study identified a novel plant fiber from the peduncle of Furcraea selloa K. Koch and studied its anatomical, morphological, physico‐chemical, thermal, mechanical and surface properties in order to explore its utility as a composite reinforcement. Anatomical study was satisfactory for identifying the presence and position of the fiber in the plant material. Good crystallinity (49.27%), high cellulose content (71.13%) and relatively low density (1127 kg/m3) were found as the feasible features after physico‐chemical analysis. Indeed, desirable thermal stability (370°C) and tensile property (649.21 ± 16.52 MPa) of Furcraea selloa K. Koch peduncle fiber (FSPF) revealed its ability for high temperature required processing and applications. The morphological studies ensure good surface roughness and reduced microfibrillar angle (7.83° ± 0.23°), which are recommended features for good fiber‐ matrix addition. These promising properties are sufficient to deliberate FSPF as a new potential composite reinforcement, with good specific properties and high environmental impact.
Clinical analysis of CHD2 gene mutations in pediatric patients with epilepsy
Authors: Feng Weixing , Fang Fang , Wang Xiaohui , Chen Chunhong , Lu Junlan , Deng Jie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceCHD2 is a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding (CHD) family of proteins, which have important roles in the regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of this protein may lead to various disorders.ObjectiveTo delineate the genotypes and phenotypes of CHD2‐related epilepsy.MethodsWe analyzed the medical history, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and video‐electroencephalogram recordings of 17 patients with CHD2 mutations in the Neurology Department of Beijing Children's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021.ResultsAge at seizure onset ranged from 6 months to 10 years; the median age at onset was 4 years. Generalized tonic‐clonic, myoclonic, eyelid myoclonic, atonic, atypical absence, myoclonic‐atonic, and spasm seizures were observed. Ten of the 17 patients had multiple types of seizures. One patient exhibited photosensitivity epilepsy and one patient exhibited grid image‐induced visual reflex epilepsy. Developmental disability was present in 14 patients, while autism features were present in five patients. Sixteen patients had de novo mutations of CHD2; one patient had an inherited variant. Eleven mutations were novel. One patient had two mutations; that patient exhibited development delay and refractory epilepsy. Seizures were controlled in eight patients, improved in seven patients, and resistant to treatment in two patients.InterpretationPhenotype severity in patients with CHD2 variants ranged from drug‐responsive seizures to severe epileptic encephalopathy. Most patients exhibited developmental disorders.
Molecular mobility in high‐performance polynorbornenes: A combined broadband dielectric, advanced calorimetry, and neutron scattering investigation*
Authors: Kolmangadi Mohamed A. , Szymoniak Paulina , Zorn Reiner , Böhning Martin , Wolf Marcell , Zamponi Michaela , Schönhals Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe molecular dynamics of two addition type polynorbornenes, exo‐PNBSi and PTCNSi1, bearing microporosity has been investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy, fast scanning calorimetry, and neutron scattering. Both polymers have the same side groups but different backbones. Due to their favorable transport properties, these polymers have potential applications in separation membranes for gases. It is established in literature that molecular fluctuations are important for the diffusion of small molecules through polymers. For exo‐PNBSi, two dielectric processes are observed, which are assigned to Maxwell/Wagner/Sillars (MWS) process due to blocking of charge carriers at internal voids or pore walls. For PTCNSi1, one MWS‐polarization process is found. This points to a bimodal pore‐size distribution for exo‐PNBSi. A glass transition for exo‐PNBSi and for PTCNSi1 could be evidenced for the first time using fast scanning calorimetry. For Tg and the corresponding apparent activation energy, higher values were found for PTCNSi1 compared to exo‐PNBSi. For both polymers, the neutron scattering data reveal one relaxation process. This process is mainly assigned to methyl group rotation probably overlayed by carbon–carbon torsional fluctuations.
Validity of balance measures in cerebellar ataxia: A prospective study with 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Winser Stanley J. , Chan Anne Y. Y. , Chung Raymond , Whitney Susan , Kannan Priya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionBalance deficits are common in cerebellar ataxia. Determining which balance outcome measures are psychometrically strong for this population remains an unmet need.ObjectiveTo evaluate the validity and responsiveness of two clinic‐based balance measures (Berg Balance Scale [BBS] and balance sub‐component of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia [SARA‐bal]) and two laboratory‐based balance measures (Sensory Organization Test [SOT] and Limits of Stability [LOS]) in cerebellar ataxia.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingInstitutional study assessing 40 participants with cerebellar ataxia at baseline, and 6 and 12 months.Main outcome measuresBalance was assessed using the BBS, SARA‐bal, SOT, and LOS; disease severity was assessed using the SARA; and Patients' Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was used to estimate responsiveness to disease progress at 6 and 12 months.ResultsBBS and SARA‐bal (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρS = −0.89, p < .01) demonstrated strong criterion validity. Convergent validity was moderate to high (ρS range: −0.75 to 0.92) and external validity was low (ρS range: −0.75 to 0.11). Composite SOT scores (SOT‐COM; ρS = 0.29, p < .01) and maximal excursion (MXE‐LOS) in the forward (F) and right (R) directions of the LOS (ρS = 0.18, p < .01) demonstrated moderate to low criterion and convergent validity. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) and its effect size (standard response mean [SRM]) for categorizing “stable” and “worsened” patients at 6 and 12 months were satisfactory for the BBS (AUCROC: 0.75; SRM‐Stable: 1.06; SRM‐Worsened: 1.16), SARA‐bal (AUCROC: 0.76; SRM‐Stable: 0.86; SRM‐Worsened: 0.85), and MXE‐LOS(R) (AUCROC: 0.29; SRM‐Stable: 0.41; SRM‐Worsened: 1.39).ConclusionBBS and SARA‐bal have moderate to strong criterion and convergent validity and adequate responsiveness to balance changes. Both laboratory‐based measures (SOT and LOS) demonstrated a high floor effect. The SOT‐COM and MXE‐LOS(R) demonstrated moderate to low criterion validity, with only the MXE‐LOS(R) displaying adequate responsiveness to balance changes after 6 and 12 months.