bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Anti-coagulation Dosage on the Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia: A multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tessema Abel Girma , Mengiste Zekarias Masresha , Hundie Tsegaye Gebreyes , Yosef Hailemichael Getachew , Huluka Dawit Kebede , Seyoum Abebaw Bekele , Abate Hannibal Kassahun , Howe Rawleigh Craig 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Studies have indicated that hospitalized COVID-19 patients benefit from anticoagulation therapy in terms of survival; however, there is an ongoing controversy over the optimum anticoagulant dosage. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between patients who received prophylactic anticoagulation and those who received therapeutic anticoagulation.
Methods:
A multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the impact of anticoagulation dosage in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality, and it was assessed using multivariable binary logistic regression and covariate-adjusted Cox Proportional Hazard model. For critical and severe COVID-19 patients, subgroup analyses were performed using multivariable binary logistic regression model and multivariable Cox regression models.
Result:
A total of 472 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in this study, of whom 235 (49.8%) received therapeutic anticoagulation and 237 (50.2%) received prophylactic dose. The demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were roughly similar between the groups. After adjustment for several confounders, in critical COVID-19 subgroup, therapeutic dose of anticoagulation was significantly associated with a higher inpatient mortality (AOR 2.27, 95% CI, 1.18 - 4.35, p = 0.013), whereas in severe COVID-19 subgroup, anticoagulation dosage was not associated with inpatient mortality (OR, 1.02, 95% CI, 0.45 – 2.33, p = 0.958). In severe COVID-19 patient group however, the incidence of thrombosis was slightly lower in the therapeutic group as compared with prophylactic group although the difference was not statistically significant (AOR 0.15, 95% CI, 0.02 – 1.20, p =0.073). Although there were only six major bleeding events in this study, all these were recorded from patients in the therapeutic subgroup, making the difference statistically significant (p = 0.013).
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that, in critical COVID-19 patients, when compared to prophylactic anticoagulation, therapeutic anticoagulation may offer no survival advantage, no improved protection against thrombosis and pose a higher risk of bleeding. In severe COVID-19 subgroup, therapeutic anticoagulation may prolong hospital stay and not improve survival, although it may offer a slight protection against thrombosis. These findings suggest that the benefit of therapeutic anticoagulation for hospitalized COVID-19 patients should be further studied, if possible, with a randomized control trial in this setting.
Robust Self-Supervised Learning for Source-Free Domain Adaptation
Authors: Tian Liang , Zhou Lihua , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhenbin , Ye Mao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Source-Free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) is from Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) and do apply to the special situation in reality that the source domain data is not accessible. In this subject, self-supervised learning is widely used in previous works. However, inaccurate pseudo labels are hardly avoidable which degenerates the adapted target model. In this work, we propose an effective method, named RS2L (Robust Self-Supervised Learning), to reduce the negative impact by inaccurate pseudo-labels. Two strategies are adapted. The first is called structure-preserved pseudo-labelling strategy which generates much better pseudo labels by stored predictions of $k$-closest neighbors. Another is self supervised learning with mask. We using threshold masks to select samples for different operations, i.e., self-supervised learning and structure-preserved learning. For different masks, the threshold values are different. So it is not excluded that some samples participate in both two operations. Experiments on three benchmark datasets show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art results.
Time-Dependent Rheological Behavior of Flow-plastic Bentonite: Effect of solid concentration and salt solution
Authors: CHEN Bao , DENG Rong-sheng , LU Xiaoshen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEffects of NaCl solution and solid concentration were investigated for time-dependent rheological properties of flow-plastic bentonite. Under constant bentonite concentration, flow curves of five groups added with the NaCl concentration range of 0.01–0.1 mol/L were obtained by rheometer over a range of aging time from 0h up to 120h. As solid concentration increases, the shear stress increased significantly in the initial stage of aging time under the same shear rate, and the growth rate gradually slowed down and became stable with the increase of aging time. This phenomenon was attributed to this period being enough for full hydration, and the development of flow-plastic bentonite structure was relatively limited after 48h. While the addition of NaCl solution significantly reduced the shear stress of flow-plastic bentonite regardless of aging time. Besides, all flow curves were found to be well fitted with the Herschel-Bulkley model, the flow behavior index, which characterizes the rheological properties of the fluid-plastic bentonite in the model, gradually decreases with increasing NaCl concentration, indicating that the higher the NaCl concentration, the more obvious the shear-thinning behavior. Finally, the proposed stretched exponent model for predicting the time-dependent behavior of yield stress is consistent with experimental results by data extrapolation of full rheograms using the Herschel-Bulkley model. These findings will be beneficial for revealing further reliable information for future engineering reality.
Is pathogen disgust increased on days of the menstrual cycle when progesterone is high? Evidence from a between-subjects study using estimated progesterone levels
Authors: Rafiee Yasaman , Jones Benedic C. , Shiramizu Victor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: The Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis proposes that women will show increased pathogen disgust at points in the menstrual cycle when progesterone is high, compensating for the immunosuppressive effects of progesterone. However, evidence for the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis from studies that used longitudinal designs to investigate whether pathogen disgust tracks changes in progesterone is mixed. It was recently proposed that longitudinal designs may be poorly suited to testing the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis because carry-over effects when women are tested repeatedly in within-subject designs might obscure the effects of progesterone and pathogen disgust. Consequently, we used a between-subjects design to test for a positive relationship between scores on the pathogen disgust subscale of the Three Domain Disgust Scale and progesterone levels imputed from menstrual cycle data using actuarial tables.
Methods: We employed a between-subject design on N = 1346 healthy women using the Three Domains of Disgust Scale (TDDS).
Results: We found no evidence for a positive effect of progesterone on pathogen disgust, suggesting that null results for the hypothesized relationship between progesterone and pathogen disgust are not limited to studies using designs that may be subject to carry-over effects caused by repeated testing.
Conclusions: Our results add to a growing body of research that does not support the Compensatory Prophylaxis Hypothesis.
What acceleration data from wildlife collars and animal body mass tell us about seed dispersal
Authors: Buchmann Carsten M. , Dreyling Lukas , Constantin Mihaela , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Animals are very important for plant seed dispersal in light of global change. The study of seeds transport on the exterior of animals’ bodies (epizoochory) is particularly challenging due to the difficulty to describe and quantify the process of seed release. Shaking movement of fur has been shown to cause seed release and can hence determine seed retention times, necessary to assess dispersal distances. Such information on shaking movements is, however, only available on the neck of animals thanks to wildlife collars containing accelerometers.
Methods: In order to quantify shaking forces on the main body of mammals where most plant seeds attach, and to predict this body acceleration from (known) neck acceleration, we simultaneously measured acceleration at the neck, the breast and the upper hind leg of mammals spanning a large range of body masses. We quantify shaking strength as the 95%-quantile of the resultant acceleration (of all measured values in data subsections of five seconds).
Results: While, compared to the neck, acceleration had a similar range of values at the breast and was considerably higher at the leg, neck acceleration in combination with animal body mass proved to be a very valuable predictor: 81 and 63% of variation in breast and leg acceleration could be explained, respectively.
Conclusions: These results enable the use of available acceleration data from animals’ necks to predict body acceleration for mammals with known body mass. In combination with i) further lab experiments to determine seed release in dependence of fur acceleration for specific seed-fur combinations, and ii) animal movement data, this information can be used to predict probability and spatial distributions of seed dispersal. Besides seed dispersal, we believe that the ability to predict body acceleration on mammals should also benefit other ecological fields like parasitology.
Evaluation of the productive, economic, and ecosystem potential of fruit species in urban settings
Authors: Fornaciari Marco , Marrapodi Silvia , Proietti Chiara , Ruga Luigia , Orlandi Fabio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the following paper, the possibility of using fruit tree species, including minor fruit trees, in an urban area of Perugia (Italy), was represented, considering their possible productive, ecosystem and economic contribution. The simulated food forest, created through the use of a web app, can be regarded as an "organic green area" in which different fruit trees grow without resorting to the use of synthetic chemicals, respecting the ecosystem and minimizing soil exploitation. Among the four chosen species (Arbutus unedo, Morus nigra, Prunus avium, Ficus carica), bothFicus caricaandMorus nigrashowed good potential fruit production and storage of CO2from the environment, in particular, the speciesMorus nigrahad the highest potential economic value, considering fruit selling in a 50-year time frame.
Patterns in the Development of Postoperative Diabetes Insipidus after Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A 2016-2019 National Analysis
Authors: Vasan Vikram , Dullea Jonathan T. , Devarajan Alex , Nichols Noah , Ali Muhammad , Chaluts Danielle , Henson Phil , Porras Christian , Lopez Christine , Luna Diego , Liou Lathan , Bederson Joshua , Shrivastava Raj K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) is a known occurrence after pituitary adenoma (PA) resection. It is reported in up to 30% of procedures with associated postsurgical morbidity and prolonged length of stay. This study aimed to evaluate preoperative factors that may be associated with postoperative DI after pituitary tumor resection.
Methods: Data from the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was analyzed. Diagnosis related group code was used to identify the hospitalizations for PA resection. Comorbidities were defined by the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index given ICD-10 codes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, accounting for sampling design, were built to determine factors associated with postoperative DI.
Results: 61,105 PA patients were included; 55,125 patients did not develop DI, whereas 5,980 patients did. Compared to White patients, Black patients (OR=1.47;p<0.001) and Hispanic patients (OR=1.34;p=0.003) experienced increased odds of postoperative DI. Older age was associated with decreased odds of postoperative DI (OR 1-year increase in age=0.98;p<0.001). Hypertension (OR=0.65;p<0.001) was associated with decreased odds of postoperative DI. Neurological disorders (OR=2.65;p<0.001), paralysis (OR=2.38;p<0.001), and hypothyroidism (OR=2.39;p<0.001) were associated with increased odds of postoperative DI. Endoscopic surgery provided no significant advantage to avoiding postoperative DI (p=0.127).
Conclusions: Black and Hispanic patients had significantly increased odds of postoperative DI. Further investigation is needed to uncover the source of these disparities. Hypothyroidism and neurological conditions, likely due to tumor characteristics, increased odds of postoperative DI. Finally, this study contributed to the argument that endoscopic approach does not improve postoperative DI risk in the ongoing debate in the literature.
Development of an on-line two-dimensional normal phase liquid chromatography system for analysis of weakly polar samples by
Authors: Zhu Li-Wen , Xie Bao-Ying , Liu Shun-Zhi , Wu Yi-Hong , Zhang Guo-Gang , Qiu Ying-Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, a novel on-line two-dimensional (2D) normal phase × normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC × NPLC) was developed for the separation of weakly polar samples. The 2D NPLC was integrated by a unique designed solvent evaporation (SE) interface, including a 6-port 2-position valve and a 10-port 2-position valve in conjunction with two silica gel-packed enrichment columns. The enrichment columns played a pivotal role in evaporating normal phase (NP) solvent from the first-dimensional NPLC under vacuum and elevated temperature condition. The working parameters of the interface were evaluated comprehensively. To demonstrate the resolving powerful 2D system, we analyzed three natural-sourced weakly polar compounds from the extracts of toad venom, dammar resin, and propolis. To this end, we studied the effects of mobile phase combinations, the second dimensional column length for separation of the extracts from toad venom, and propolis respectively. In general, we have found that excellent separation can be obtained with diversity of NP solvent combinations and longer NPLC column (150 mm long). Moreover, compared with the generally used 2D reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC × RPLC), the NPLC × NPLC method exhibited better separation orthogonality. In conclusion, the new NPLC × NPLC separation method provides potential advantages for analysis of weakly polar samples.
Cardiac Safety Profile of First Dose of Fingolimod for Chinese Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients in Real-World Settings
Authors: Yu Hai , Zhang Xiang , Li Zhenxin , Liu Xiaoni , Ma Chunlai , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and objective: Fingolimod was the first oral therapy approved to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Due to its mechanism on sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, fingolimod can cause a transient decrease in heart rate (HR) and the occurrence of self-limited atrioventricular blocks（AVB）. We aimed to assess the cardiac safety profile in Chinese RRMS patients at least 6 hours after the initial treatment of fingolimod in real-world settings.
Methods: According to the analysis of first dose observation (FDO) data of 14 RRMS patients treated with fingolimod from Jan.2020 to Jun.2020 in the neurology department of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, the patients all met the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria and without a history of heart disease. Each patient performed an electrocardiogram (ECG) before taking medicine to confirm that there was no conduction block or QTc interval significantly prolonged. The blood pressure(BP) and HR were measured every hour and observed for a total of 6 hours’ period. At last hour, another ECG was performed to confirm the corresponding cardiac abnormalities. Recorded the data for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 14 patients underwent the first fingolimod monitoring. There was no patient with a history of cardiovascular disease or taking cardiovascular-related medications. 13 of the 14 patients passed the 6-hour medication monitoring without any abnormality. One patient extended the monitoring because the HR at the 6th hour was the lowest value after administration. The patient passed the monitoring at the 8th hour. No patient had a HR lower than the standard for bradycardia; no patient had symptomatic bradycardia; no patient needed overnight monitoring or required medication. No patients stopped fingolimod due to the first-dose effect of the heart. During the monitoring period, no new-onset I, II, III atrioventricular block was seen or QTc interval was prolonged than 500ms. Collected the HR and BP records of 10 patients. The baseline average HR is 88.3±7bpm, and the average HR reaches the lowest value at the 4th hour (75.7±7bpm), compared with the baseline average HR after a drop of 12.6bpm, the average HR began to recover at the 5th hour. At the same time, the BP of 10 patients was stable throughout the testing period.
Conclusion: Oral fingolimod was safe for the initial treatment of multiple sclerosis populations in China. Neurologists needed to formulate FDO observation procedures and strictly implement them. More safety data and efficacy data will need to be collected and summarized so that more Chinese MS patients can receive standard treatment safely.
Prediction to the prognosis of children with neuroblastoma by nomogram based on the first-diagnosed inflammatory markers
Authors: Zhang Yunlong , Zhang Chenghang , Ma Yue , Li Changchun , Zhao Zhenzhen , Peng Liang , Deng Xiaobin , Zhou Jianwu , Wang Shan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) have a poor prognosis. The prognostic significance of inflammatory biomarker-based nomograms for children with NB has not been previously studied.
Methods: Part of patients diagnosed with NB in our center from January 2016 to March 2022 were included in the study. Inflammatory biomarkers were primary outcome measures, including C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of these indicators for overall survival (OS) in NB children, showing the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and plotting the nomogram. C-index were used to detect predictability.
Results: 93 NB patients were retrospectively analyzed.CRP, ferritin, NLR, PLR, and SII were significantly associated with OS of NB patients, while LMR were found to be not predictive of OS for NB patients. The established nomogram is well-calibrated, and the C-index is 0.731.
Conclusion: Survival analysis found part of inflammatory biomarkers related to the prognosis of NB. The nomogram could be used as a convenient predictive tool in clinical practice to evaluate the prognosis of NB children at first diagnosis.
Global agro-climatic zoning suggests new wheat cultivation areas to counteract future food security crisis
Authors: Dadrasi Amir , Chaichi Mehrdad , Nehbandani Alireza , Sheikhi Abdollatif , Soltani Elias , Neamati Ahmad , Salmani Fatemeh , Bayat Mahnaz. , mirmoghadam Sajad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global food security requires food production to be increased in the future decades. Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) methodology is a successful approach used in land evaluation studies to support sustainable agricultural development.This approach can facilitate finding suitable areas for wheat production on a global scale. This study was conducted based on a climate zone map, soil data, wheat cultivation area, yield, and production under irrigated and rainfed conditions, worldwide. The results for irrigated wheat indicated that there is an area of 59.5 Mha with an average yield of 4027 kg/ha which leads to the production of about 239.6 Mt of grain yield. Furthermore, climate zones (CZs) of 8002, 5203, 5302, 5403, and 8102 have the highest wheat production with an average of 20.7, 14.2, 13.3, 11.8, 11.5 Mt, respectively. The highest amount of irrigated wheat production has been achieved in soil type code 17 (Loam LF120), which has a cultivation area of around 23.6 Mha and a production of about 106.8 Mt. Rainfed wheat production is 410 Mt, and the cultivation area is 160.2 Mha. The highest rainfed wheat production with an average of 17 Mt was related to the 3702 CZ, followed by the other CZs (3802, 1303, 1203, 3602, 4602, etc.). The soil codes 11 (Loam HF120), 10 (Loam HF180), and 14 (Loam MF120) showed the highest rainfed wheat production. The findings of this study can be useful for agricultural scientists, authorities, and decision-makers around the world to find suitable lands to expand wheat cultivation and also to find new locations for increasing global wheat production to feed the increasing population in the world.
Reducing design uncertainty through model-based collaborative design methods when introducing new technologies: A Solomon four-groups empirical design study
Authors: Borgue Olivia , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

When introducing new technologies in product design, failing to identify and address uncertainties regarding technology feasibility, and the way technology introduction impacts the whole product development process, hinder the establishment of appropriate design requirements during conceptual stages. Ill-defined design requirements often lead to unpleasant and expensive surprises that arise late on the product development process, rendering the introduction of a new technology an expensive and time-consuming endeavor. Uncertainties about the new technology can be known (information designers know is missing), or unknown (information designers do not know is missing). Previous research by the authors has proposed a digital design platform and respective design methods to support cooperative efforts to identify and model uncertainties during conceptual phases. In this article, the usefulness of such platform is evaluated through an empirical study using a Solomon Four-Groups design study featuring the design of satellite components for additive manufacturing. The results of the study suggest that the proposed digital platform and associated design methods are useful for identifying uncertainties and for proposing measures to address them, through a cooperative modeling environment.
Uncertainty in child custody cases after parental separation: context and decision-making process
Authors: Mendes Josimar Antônio de Alcântara , Ormerod Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Context factors (e.g., a family’s developmental crisis) can affect the child custody decision-making process and the child’s best interests after parental separation. But what are these context factors, and how do they vary across different cultures and legal systems? This paper reports a cross-cultural qualitative study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and was carried under a Naturalistic Decision-making approach. This study addresses factors that impact the decision-making of experienced legal actors in child custody cases. Interviews were conducted with 73 legal actors (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, psychologists and social workers) in Brazil and England. The data gathered were analysed employing a reflexive thematic analysis that generated seven themes addressing how uncertainty is structured by context factors in child custody cases after parental separation. The themes encompass three domains (‘family’, ‘family court’ and ‘legal-psychosocial’) that draw the attention to the sources of uncertainty in child custody cases, especially to the role of contextual players (family and children) in the child custody decision-making process.