bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI utilization in primary mathematics education: a case study from a southwestern Chinese city
Authors: Li Mao , Manzari Elham 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in primary mathematics education, focusing on the influence of internal and external factors on AI utilization. Employing second-order Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with data collected from 516 primary mathematics teachers in a southwest city in China, the research explores the dynamics between teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), attitudes towards technology, and the role of external environmental factors such as educational policies, technological infrastructure, and parental and community engagement. The findings reveal that internal factors, including teachers’ attitudes and TPACK, and external factors, notably institutional support and societal attitudes towards technology, significantly influence AI adoption and effective use in teaching and learning processes. The study confirms the necessity of a dual-faceted approach to AI integration, emphasizing the enhancement of educators’ internal capacities through professional development and the cultivation of a supportive external ecosystem. The research contributes to the knowledge of technology integration in education by providing empirical evidence of the critical interplay between internal capabilities and external supports in facilitating effective AI utilization in primary mathematics education. This study offers a pragmatic blueprint for educational stakeholders to navigate the complexities of educational innovation in the digital era, advocating for systemic approaches to foster both technological competencies and supportive infrastructures.
Taxonomy of Mediated Sociality: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Takakusa Ken 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile phenomenologists have paid little attention to mediated sociality, the situation has recently been changing owing to the increasing dependence of social life on digital media. Alfred Schutz’s social phenomenology has gathered preeminent attention among phenomenological traditions as it reveals the structure of face-to-face and other types of social relationships. Although Shanyang Zhao’s concept of “consociated contemporaries” provided a reference point for the Schutzian studies of mediated sociality, he discarded the phenomenological aspects of Schutz’s ideas. To replace Zhao’s trichotomy of consociates, contemporaries, and consociated contemporaries with a more phenomenological taxonomy, this paper examines Schutz’s concepts of thou- and they-orientation. Emphasizing that my thou-orientation to you does not entail your thou-orientation to me and that the other-orientation is not always reciprocal, this paper argues that mediated sociality can be classified into five types: reciprocal thou-thou-orientation, reciprocal thou-they-orientation, reciprocal they-they-orientation, non-reciprocal thou-orientation, and non-reciprocal they-orientation. Reciprocal thou-they-orientation, such as the relationship between a streamer and viewers in online live streaming, is a form of sociality that has recently become conspicuous owing to high-speed and massive Internet communication. Finally, this paper adds some remarks on the implications for the phenomenological theory of online empathy.
Rights and Demands: A Response to Kamm
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
I respond to some questions raised by Frances Kamm with respect to my book Rights and Demands (2018). The book focuses on demand-rights and asks how we accrue them. In other words, how does one accrue the standing to demand an action of someone or rebuke them for non-performance? My response to Kamm emphasizes how I understand “directed duties” in this context. Contrary to the standard practice of rights theorists, I do not start from the assumption that directed duties are constituted by “plain” duties in the context of other factors (about which rights theorists disagree). Rather, I understand my duty to you as the correlative and equivalent of your standing to demand the action in question. I offer a number of further clarifications and conclude by distinguishing the targets of my discussion from other phenomena of interest to moral philosophers, such as complaining and blaming.
Videoconferencing Delivery of the Seoul Premarital Education Program During COVID-19: A Quasi-experimental Study Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting
Authors: Park Jisu , Lee Jaerim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examined whether the Seoul Premarital Education Program (S-PEP) was effective when it was delivered via videoconferencing (VC) during the early COVID-19 period. S-PEP is a city-wide educational program designed to prevent marital distress by enhancing premarital readiness and relationship quality for couples. Because a randomized controlled trial was not realistic due to the pandemic, we recruited an intervention group and a no-intervention comparison group independently, who completed both the pre- and posttests. We then employed inverse probability of treatment weighting to derive two comparable groups. The weighted samples of 291 women and 228 men were analyzed separately using linear mixed models. The results showed that S-PEP via VC was effective in increasing levels of marital readiness for both women and men and in enhancing relationship confidence and satisfaction for women. Our findings suggest that VC can be a promising delivery strategy for curriculum-based group interventions for couples.
Early health technology assessment of diagnostic cardiology technology for reperfusion VF prediction of STEMI patients indicated for PCI
Authors: Gorelova Marija , Donin Gleb , Kneppo Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
The study deals with eHTA of new technology for STEMI patients indicated for PCI treatment, which contains diagnostic of rVF risks and medication to prevent rVF in at-risk patients above standard approved procedure. Due to the recommended medication procedure for STEMI patients with identified high rVF risks during PCI and its effectiveness have not been established the goal is to find out what level of medication effectiveness which will be sufficient for the cost-effectiveness of the new technology.

Methods
Scenarios where the effectiveness of rVF protecting medication administered to predisposed STEMI patients undergoing PCI varies from 5 to 95% were analyzed. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated by the CEA.

Results
The determined minimum effectiveness of rVF protecting medication to achieve the technology and procedure cost-effectiveness is 7.54%. Even if medication efficacy is at least 39.58%, the technology is “dominant” and the ICER is in the South-east [SE] quadrant.

Conclusions
Cost-effectiveness analysis show that for all scenarios modeled, except the 5% medication effectiveness scenario, the technology appears to be cost-effective. so such new technology will probably be very attractive for investors.
Algorithmic Fairness and Feasibility
Authors: Erman Eva , Furendal Markus , Möller Niklas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe “impossibility results” in algorithmic fairness suggest that a predictive model cannot fully meet two common fairness criteria – sufficiency and separation – except under extraordinary circumstances. These findings have sparked a discussion on fairness in algorithms, prompting debates over whether predictive models can avoid unfair discrimination based on protected attributes, such as ethnicity or gender. As shown by Otto Sahlgren, however, the discussion of the impossibility results would gain from importing some of the tools developed in the philosophical literature on feasibility. Utilizing these tools, Sahlgren sketches a cautiously optimistic view of how algorithmic fairness can be made feasible in restricted local decision-making. While we think it is a welcome move to inject the literature on feasibility into the debate on algorithmic fairness, Sahlgren says very little about what are the general gains of bringing in feasibility considerations in theorizing algorithmic fairness. How, more precisely, does it help us make assessments about fairness in algorithmic decision-making? This is what is addressed in this Reply. More specifically, our two-fold argument is that feasibility plays an important but limited role for algorithmic fairness. We end by offering a sketch of a framework, which may be useful for theorizing feasibility in algorithmic fairness.
Unified Test Procedures and Sample Size Determinations for Probing Negligible Interaction Effects in Factorial Designs
Authors: Shieh Gwowen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA vital problem in factorial analysis of variance is testing for interactions. Traditional procedures mainly aim to establish the existence of substantial effects. However, the interaction effects may be so minor that they should be considered clinically or practically unimportant. Note that the current method for assessing negligible interaction only applies to the two-way interaction of balanced designs. This paper presents test procedures to ascertain the negligibility of interactions in multi-factor studies. A unified approach is proposed to appraise the lack of interaction that applies to higher-order factorial designs and unbalanced schemes. A viable procedure is also described when the assumption of homogeneous variances is untenable. The corresponding sample size procedures and computer algorithms are also developed to facilitate planning factorial designs. Both numerical examples and simulation studies are utilized to explain the usefulness and accuracy of the proposed procedures for assessing interactions in factorial studies.
Dibohemamines I–O from Streptomyces sp. GZWMJZ-662, an endophytic actinomycete from the medicinal and edible plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb.
Authors: Wang Dong-Yang , Li Ming-Xing , Xu Yan-Chao , Fu Peng , Zhu Wei-Ming , Wang Li-Ping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA chemical investigation of Streptomyces sp. GZWMJZ-662, an endophytic actinomycete isolated from Houttuynia cordata Thunb., has yielded eleven bohemamine dimers (1–11). Notably, the newly identified dibohemamines I–O (1–7) have not been previously reported. Their structures were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analysis, encompassing high-resolution electrospray ionization mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared radiation, ultraviolet–visible, and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Dibohemamine I (1) exhibited selective cytotoxic effects against the cancer cell lines 786-O and GBC-SD among the 18 cell lines evaluated, with the half-inhibitory concentration values of 3.24 ± 0.20 and 7.36 ± 0.41 μM, respectively.
Graphical Abstract
Biomimetic Micro-Nanostructured Evaporator with Dual-Transition-Metal MXene for Efficient Solar Steam Generation and Multifunctional Salt Harvesting
Authors: Xu Ruiqi , Cui Hongzhi , Wei Na , Yu Yang , Dai Lin , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolar-driven interfacial evaporation is one of the most attractive approaches to addressing the global freshwater shortage. However, achieving an integrated high evaporation rate, salt harvesting, and multifunctionality in evaporator is still a crucial challenge. Here, a novel composite membrane with biomimetic micro-nanostructured superhydrophobic surface is designed via ultrafast laser etching technology. Attractively, the double‐transition‐metal (V1/2Mo1/2)2CTx MXene nanomaterials as a photothermal layer, exhibiting the enhanced photothermal conversion performance due to elevated joint densities of states, which enables high populations of photoexcited carrier relaxation and heat release, provides a new insight into the photothermal conversion mechanism for multiple principal element MXene. Hence, the (V1/2Mo1/2)2CTx MXene-200 composite membrane can achieve a high evaporation rate of 2.23 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun, owing to the enhanced “light trap” effect, photothermal conversion, and high-throughput water transfer. Synergetically, the membrane can induce the directed precipitation of salt at the membrane edge, thus enabling salt harvesting for recycling and zero-emission of brine water. Moreover, the composite membrane is endowed with excellent multifunctionality of anti‐/de‐icing, anti-fouling, and antibacterial, overcoming the disadvantage that versatility is difficult to be compatible. Therefore, the evaporator and the promising strategy hold great potential for the practical application of solar evaporation.
Elevating the public realm: a framework for designing resilient urban green spaces in hyperdense cities
Authors: Ehab Ahmed , Burnett Gary , Heath Tim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the critical role of elevated urban spaces in fostering urban resilience and enhancing public well-being in the post-pandemic era. Through a detailed literature review and contextual analysis, the research explores how these spaces address the evolving needs for social interaction, public health, and mental wellness in urban design. Focusing on London, with comparisons to international examples such as Singapore, the study presents findings from sixty-six semi-structured walk-along interviews conducted at the Sky Garden and Crossrail Place Roof Garden. Data analysis reveals both the challenges and guiding principles for designing resilient elevated urban spaces. Key areas for improvement include accessibility, circulation, aesthetic integration, and management strategies. The findings emphasise the value of these green spaces in densely populated cities, as they provide vital recreational areas that support the mental and physical health of residents. This research offers a structured framework for embedding elevated green spaces into high-density urban environments, enhancing both resilience and liveability. The study delivers actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers, outlining a nuanced approach to designing sustainable, adaptable green spaces.
Sino-Arab Free Trade Agreements, AI Diplomacy, and the Realisation of AI and Sustainability Goals in the Middle East
Authors: Truby Jon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sino-Arab Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have remained elusive over two decades of increasing economic relations and trade negotiations. Nevertheless, substantial investments and trade demonstrate the Arab region’s strategic importance to China. Recent strategic drivers of China’s engagement with the Middle East have evolved from an original energy security focus, to more recently integrating technological investments into partnerships, such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy infrastructure—complicating progress towards an FTA. Such measures can help progress achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and offer economic development opportunities, but negotiations may be hindered by concerns ranging from technological dependency to trade competition. Examining opportunities and challenges in the developing China–Arab relations, the article explores legal and policy obstacles and opportunities towards securing an FTA. With a focus on recent developments in AI and sustainability partnerships, the article analyses legal strategies and international law best practices for a model FTA for Arab countries.
Going commando as part of a multifaceted intervention to reduce CAUTIs in critically ill children
Authors: Linam Matthew , Wannemacher Lisette , Powell Kathryn , Calamaro Christina , Walson Karen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This project was initiated in a large pediatric intensive care unit to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Implementing removal of diapers and a urine collection device that prevented urine backflow in March 2021 decreased the rate from 3.3 to 0.9 CAUTIs/1000 catheter-days. These interventions could augment CAUTI prevention strategies.
Foreign asset expropriation and sovereign bond ratings in the developing world
Authors: Biglaiser Glen , Lee Hoon , Yoo Seong Hun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research shows that foreign asset expropriation narrows long-term bond spreads, resulting in lower borrowing costs. However, no empirical studies have investigated the effects of expropriation on sovereign bond ratings. Bondholders and sovereign bond issuers track ratings by credit rating agencies because they impact interest rates and capital costs. Using up to 59 developing countries from 1996 to 2016, we find that expropriation signals lower bond repayment, as asset confiscation blatantly violates international rule of law and discourages foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, reducing bond ratings. Mediation analysis also indicates that FDI and the rule of law mediate the relationship between expropriation and bond ratings. Further, we distinguish between direct and indirect expropriation and observe that direct expropriation has a greater probability of decreasing ratings. Our research suggests that expropriation holds economic consequences for developing countries, indicating how expropriation negatively affects sovereign bond issuers in the financial and investment community.
Generative AI in public administration in light of the regulatory awakening in the US and EU
Authors: Weerts Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the regulatory awakening regarding generative AI (GenAI) in the United States and European Union (EU) institutions with the release of ChatGPT. Based on a thematic analysis of regulatory documents, it investigates how governments have approached the deployment and use of this emerging technology within their classic government activities. The analysis shows several layers of regulatory approaches, ranging from command-and-control to an experimental approach, combined with risk- and management-based approaches. It also reveals different perspectives. The EU institutions have notably adopted more restrictive guidelines on the use of publicly available Large Language Models (LLMs) - a type o GenAI that is trained on vast amounts of text data to understand, generate, and respond in human-like language. This approach reflects greater caution about data security and confidentiality and the risks of foreign interference. However, the American and EU documents share a common concern about the risk of reinforcing discrimination and the protection of human rights. Interestingly, considering the administrative environment, neither the administrative activities in which GenAI may be used nor the key legal principles embedded by the rule of law are explicitly used for guiding administration in their development and use of GenAI. In this context, the paper calls for future research that could help contribute to the renewal of administrative law theory in the context of the digital transformation of public administration.
Private ordering, generative AI and the ‘platformisation paradigm’: What can we learn from comparative analysis of models terms and conditions?
Authors: Edwards Lilian , Szpotakowski Igor , Cifrodelli Gabriele , Sangaré Joséphine , Stewart James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large or “foundation” models are now being widely used to generate not just text and images but also video, music and code from prompts. Although this “generative AI” revolution is clearly driving new opportunities for innovation and creativity, it is also enabling easy and rapid dissemination of harmful speech and potentially infringing existing laws. Much attention has been paid recently to how we can draft bespoke legislation to control these risks and harms; however, private ordering by generative AI providers, via user contracts, licenses and privacy policies, has so far attracted less attention. Drawing on the extensive history of study of the terms and conditions (T&C) and privacy policies of social media companies, this paper reports the results of pilot empirical work conducted in January–March 2023, in which T&C were mapped across a representative sample of generative AI. With the focus on copyright and data protection, our early findings indicate the emergence of a “platformisation paradigm,” in which providers of generative AI attempt to position themselves as neutral intermediaries. This study concludes that new laws targeting “big tech” must be carefully reconsidered to avoid repeating past power imbalances between users and platforms.
Generative AI and data protection
Authors: Ruschemeier Hannah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has catapulted into the legal debate through the popular applications ChatGPT, Bard, Dall-E and others. While the predominant focus has hitherto centred on issues of copyright infringement and regulatory strategies, particularly in the context of the AI Act, a critical but often overlooked issue lies in the friction between generative AI and data protection laws. The rise of these technologies highlights unresolved tension between safeguarding fundamental protection rights and and the vast, almost universal, of scale of data processing required for machine learning. Large language models, which scrape nearly the whole Internet rely on and may even generate personal data falling under the GDPR. This tension manifests across multiple dimensions, encompassing data subjects’ rights, the foundational principles of data protection and the fundamental categories of data protection. Drawing on ongoing investigations by data protection authorities in Europe, this paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the intricate interplay between generative AI and data protection within the European legal framework.
Navigating China’s regulatory approach to generative artificial intelligence and large language models
Authors: Zou Mimi , Zhang Lu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those fuelled by increasingly advanced large language models, has raised concerns of their potential risks among policymakers globally. In July 2023, Chinese regulators enacted the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services (“the Measures”). The Measures aim to mitigate various risks associated with public-facing generative AI services, particularly those concerning information content safety and security. China’s approach to regulating AI to date has sought to address the risks associated with rapidly advancing AI technologies while fostering innovation and development. Tensions between these policy objectives are reflected in the provisions of the Measures. As Beijing moves towards establishing a comprehensive legal framework for AI governance, there will be growing interest in how China’s approach may influence AI governance and regulation at a global level.