bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early findings of a nurse‐led youth activist program in mind caring
Authors: Aekwarangkoon Saifon , LeClair Jessica , Oakley Linda Denise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground: School‐based youth activist programs in mind caring have been shown to support the mental health and learning needs of adolescent students.Methods: We used collaborative action research methods to implement a nurse‐led mind caring youth activist program for a rural, extended opportunity school in Thailand. The participants (N = 67) were the public health nurse assigned to the school, students willing to become youth activists (n = 42), school teachers and staff (n = 7), university psychiatric mental health nursing faculty (n = 2), and volunteer nursing students (n = 16). Qualitative thematic analyses methods were used to explore the transcripts of the participant's reflection circles and confirmatory interviews for evidence of effective program implementation.Results: Major themes of change and growth were identified. Youth activists students said mind caring improved their mental health. Teachers described having a more positive attitude towards students’ mental health and learning needs. Nursing students found optimistic confidence and self‐awareness in the hands‐on experience with the complex role responsibilities in public health nursing.Conclusion: These results provide early evidence of stakeholder satisfaction with the implementation of a school‐based youth activist program as collaborative action for organizational change.
Intercropping of Pennisetum sinese with Lolium perenne improved phytoextraction of heavy metal from soil
Authors: Zou Wentong , Cao Zhi , Wang Yanjun , Jin Meifang , Lin Maozi 
Published: April 2022

In order to find the optimum planting pattern for phytoremediation of metal‐accumulating plants in heavy metal‐contaminated soils, Pennisetum sinese and Lolium perenne were intercropped or monocultured, and the plant leaf physiological indexes as well as the heavy metal contents and accumulation of the two plants were determined. The contents, accumulation, and bioconcentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in different parts of the two plants under the intercropping method were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those under the monoculture method. The average accumulation amounts of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in P. sinese under the intercropping method are 29.51, 19.60, 182.8, and 178.2 μg/plant in leaves; 8.89, 17.99, 61.68, and 205.4 μg/plant in stems; and 8.45, 2.18, 36.35, and 47.94 μg/plant in roots, respectively. The average accumulation amounts of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in L. perenne under the intercropping method are 2.30, 1.40, 23.29, and 33.34 μg/plant in shoots and 1.43, 0.42, 3.21, and 6.98 μg/plant in roots, respectively. Thus, P. sinese has higher heavy metal accumulation. Compared with the monocultured plants, the average accumulation amounts of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn increased in both two plants. Therefore, intercropping P. sinese and L. perenne was the optimum planting pattern for heavy metal‐contaminated soil phytoremediation, and P. sinese was more suitable for heavy metal phytoextraction from soil.
GA3‐mediated reforestation pioneering mechanism of actinorhizal Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. in the slashed and burnt shifting cultivation lands in India's megadiversity hotspot
Authors: Shaikh Maroof , Bahulikar Rahul , Chitnis Akhilesh , Pandit Sagar 
Published: April 2022

Forest slashing and burning is a key characteristic of shifting cultivation. Its intensification is a major anthropogenic cause of deforestation, as it reduces forest resilience. We analyzed the reforestation process in the regenerating shifting cultivation lands in India's Western Ghats, a megadiversity hotspot. An actinorhizal shrub, Elaeagnus conferta, was associated with the regenerating thickets' higher density and higher species diversity. Its presence increased the thicket density by >2.8‐fold and the species diversity by >2.5‐fold; these thickets showed >1.5‐fold higher Shannon's diversity index than those without it. Moreover, the thickets containing E. conferta showed >7‐fold more multi‐species seedlings. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis showed that rhizosphere soils of E. conferta containing thickets had >10‐fold higher gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations than the E. conferta‐deplete thickets. When E. conferta was potted separately, its root nodules, roots, and rhizosphere soil showed about 3.6, 2.0, and 0.4 μg/g GA3, respectively. These E. conferta root and rhizosphere soil GA3 concentrations were >10‐fold higher than those shown by other co‐occurring species. These elevated GA3 levels were likely due to E. conferta's association with the rhizosymbiont Frankia elaeagni. Frankia elaeagni's GA3 synthesis may promote plant recruitment by stimulating seed germination and explain why we measured higher seedling density and plant diversity in E. conferta containing thickets. We hypothesize that E. conferta plays a two‐stage pioneering role in the reforestation process by providing GA3 to facilitate seed germination and providing nitrogen for the developing plantlets. We recommend the inclusion of E. conferta in Western Ghats' reforestation programs.
Advances and applications of single‐cell omics technologies in plant research
Authors: Mo Yajin , Jiao Yuling 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYSingle‐cell sequencing approaches reveal the intracellular dynamics of individual cells and answer biological questions with high‐dimensional catalogs of millions of cells, including genomics, transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, epigenomics, and proteomics data across species. These emerging yet thriving technologies have been fully embraced by the field of plant biology, with a constantly expanding portfolio of applications. Here, we introduce the current technical advances used for single‐cell omics, especially single‐cell genome and transcriptome sequencing. Firstly, we overview methods for protoplast and nucleus isolation and genome and transcriptome amplification. Subsequently, we use well‐executed benchmarking studies to highlight advances made through the application of single‐cell omics techniques. Looking forward, we offer a glimpse of additional hurdles and future opportunities that will introduce broad adoption of single‐cell sequencing with revolutionary perspectives in plant biology.
Melanocore uptake by keratinocytes occurs through phagocytosis and involves protease‐activated receptor‐2 internalization
Authors: Moreiras Hugo , Bento‐Lopes Liliana , Neto Matilde V. , Escrevente Cristina , Cabaço Luís C. , Hall Michael J. , Ramalho José S. , Seabra Miguel C. , Barral Duarte C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the skin epidermis, melanin is produced and stored within melanosomes in melanocytes, and then transferred to keratinocytes. Different models have been proposed to explain the melanin transfer mechanism, which differ essentially in how melanin is transferred—either in a membrane‐bound melanosome or as a melanosome core, that is, melanocore. Here, we investigated the endocytic route followed by melanocores and melanosomes during internalization by keratinocytes, by comparing the uptake of melanocores isolated from the supernatant of melanocyte cultures, with melanosomes isolated from melanocytes. We show that inhibition of actin dynamics impairs the uptake of both melanocores and melanosomes. Moreover, depletion of critical proteins involved in actin‐dependent uptake mechanisms, namely Rac1, CtBP1/BARS, Cdc42 or RhoA, together with inhibition of Rac1‐dependent signaling pathways or macropinocytosis suggest that melanocores are internalized by phagocytosis, whereas melanosomes are internalized by macropinocytosis. Interestingly, we found that Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are differently activated by melanocore or melanosome stimulation, supporting the existence of two distinct routes of melanin internalization. Furthermore, we show that melanocore uptake induces protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2) internalization by keratinocytes to a higher extent than melanosomes. Because skin pigmentation was shown to be regulated by PAR‐2 activation, our results further support the melanocore‐based mechanism of melanin transfer and further refine this model, which can now be described as coupled melanocore exo/phagocytosis.
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from a fully vaccinated human to a canine in Georgia, July 2021
Authors: Wendling Natalie M. , Carpenter Ann , Liew Amanda , Ghai Ria R. , Gallardo‐Romero Nadia , Stoddard Robyn A. , Tao Ying , Zhang Jing , Retchless Adam C. , Ahmad Ausaf , Bunkley Paige , Godino Claire , Mauldin Matthew R. , Varela Kate , Ritter Jana M. , Hennebelle Janemarie , Feldpausch Amanda , Gabel Julie , Kainulainen Markus H. , Herzegh Owen , Tong Suxiang , Spengler Jessica R. , Barton Behravesh Casey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection has been described in a wide range of species, including domestic animals such as dogs and cats. Illness in dogs is usually self‐limiting, and further diagnostics may not be pursued if clinical signs resolve or they respond to empirical treatment. As new variants emerge, the clinical presentation and role in transmission may vary in animals. This report highlights different clinical presentations and immunological responses in two SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta‐variant‐positive dogs with similar exposure to the same fully vaccinated human with a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and emphasizes the need for active surveillance and additional One Health research on SARS‐CoV‐2 variant infections in companion animals and other species.
Interactions Between Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Lithium Dendrite
Authors: Wang Yunxiang , Hao Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Li metal batteries (LMBs) are one of the most promising high-energy-density batteries. However, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and Li dendrite substantially form in LMBs. Due to low ionic conductivity, inhomogeneity, and poor mechanical and electrochemical stability of native SEI, dendritic Li nucleates and grows, which in turn induces the fracture of SEI and promotes the formation of new SEI, causing the loss of active materials and safety issues for LMBs. Understanding the SEI–dendrite interactions could play a critical role in developing LMBs. For instance, modified SEI has been demonstrated to suppress dendrite growth and improve battery performance. In this short review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of SEI–dendrite interactions and strategies for improving battery cycling performance.
Lithium-Ion Battery Strain Gauge Monitoring and Depth of Discharge Estimation
Authors: Hendricks Christopher , Sood Bhanu , Pecht Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lithium-ion battery diagnostics and prognostics rely on measurements of electrical impedance, capacity, and voltage to infer the internal state of the battery. Mechanical changes to the cell structure represent an additional measure of the battery’s state because these changes are related to the overall battery health. As lithium-ion batteries are charged and discharged, lithium ions are inserted or removed from the anode and cathode, a process called intercalation and deintercalation. As lithium ions intercalate and de-intercalate, they can cause changes to the lattice of the electrode particles, resulting in volumetric changes. These volumetric changes cause mechanical stresses and strains on the lithium-ion battery electrodes, and subsequently, the whole cell’s thickness varies as it is charged and discharged. This paper presents a study on the use of surface-mounted strain gauges for in-situ measurement of structural changes to lithium-ion batteries, along with a characterization of the unit-to-unit differences in strain response. A neural network modeling structure is then used to predict the battery’s depth of discharge under dynamic discharge conditions.
Design of Type 3 High-Pressure Vessel Liner (Al 6061) for Hydrogen Vehicles
Authors: Lee Changhwan , Park Gunyoung , Kim Chul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe liner of type 3 high-pressure vessel is manufactured by a D.D.I. (Deep drawing and ironing) process for the cylinder part, which is a continuous process that includes a drawing process to reduce the diameter of the billet and a subsequent ironing process to reduce the thickness of the billet. But the wall thickness of type 3 pressure vessel liners used in vehicles and ships is required to be 5 mm. Excessive wall thickness not only increases the weight of hydrogen vehicles and ships equipped with type 3 high-pressure vessels but also deteriorates their transportation efficiency. But the forming process of the cylinder part of the high-pressure vessel liner (Al6061) has a total of three stages (first deep drawing with blank holder, second redrawing, third redrawing + ironing) through which the wall thickness is manufactured up to 6.8 mm in the actual field. In this study, the maximum drawing ratio and die inflow angle in the first-stage deep drawing process by using the shape factor formula of the tractrix die and combined process (redrawing + ironing) in the third stage were determined in order to manufacture a liner with a wall thickness of 5 mm within the existing three stages, including saving of die costs. Using damage value verified through finite element analysis and experiment and based on the above results, design of the D.D.I. process (three stages) was performed, and its results were verified.
Scoping review with textual narrative synthesis of the literature reporting stress and burn-out in specialist nurses: making the case for inflammatory bowel disease nurse specialists
Authors: Kemp Karen , Duncan Julie , Mason Isobel , Younge Lisa , Dibley Lesley 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveInflammatory bowel disease clinical nurse specialists (IBD-CNSs) face increasing pressures due to rising clinical and patient demands, advanced complexity of work role, and minimal specialist management training and support. Stress and burn-out could undermine the stability of this workforce, disrupting clinical provision. We reviewed the literature on stress and burn-out to demonstrate the lack of evidence pertinent to IBD-CNSs and make the case for further research.DesignFollowing Levacet al’s scoping review framework, relevant databases were searched for publications reporting work-related stress and burn-out among specialist nurses. Following screening and consensus on selection of the final articles for review, all authors contributed to data charting. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review extension guided reporting of the review.ResultsOf 194 retrieved articles, eight were eligible for review. None focused on IBD-CNSs, were qualitative, or UK-based. Three core themes were identified: Rates of Burn-out, Mitigating and Alleviating Factors, and Preventing and Resolving Burn-out. Risk of burn-out is greatest in novice and mid-career CNSs. Age and duration in role appear protective. Personal achievement is also protective and can mitigate earlier episodes of burn-out; opportunities for career progression are limited. Promoting personal well-being is beneficial. Senior managers have poor understanding of the role and provide inadequate support. Commitment to patients remains high.ConclusionBurn-out arises in CNSs across clinical specialisms in the international literature and has a significant negative effect on the workforce. Further research is needed to address the dearth of evidence on burn-out in IBD-CNSs in the UK.
Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
Authors: Rees Chris A , Colbourn Tim , Hooli Shubhada , King Carina , Lufesi Norman , McCollum Eric D , Mwansambo Charles , Cutland Clare , Madhi Shabir Ahmed , Nunes Marta , Mathew Joseph L , Addo-Yobo Emmanuel , Chisaka Noel , Hassan Mumtaz , Hibberd Patricia L , Jeena Prakash M , Lozano Juan M , MacLeod William B , Patel Archana , Thea Donald M , Nguyen Ngoc Tuong Vy , Kartasasmita Cissy B , Lucero Marilla , Awasthi Shally , Bavdekar Ashish , Chou Monidarin , Nymadawa Pagbajabyn , Pape Jean-William , Paranhos-Baccala Glaucia , Picot Valentina S , Rakoto-Andrianarivelo Mala , Rouzier Vanessa , Russomando Graciela , Sylla Mariam , Vanhems Philippe , Wang Jianwei , Asghar Rai , Banajeh Salem , Iqbal Imran , Maulen-Radovan Irene , Mino-Leon Greta , Saha Samir K , Santosham Mathuram , Singhi Sunit , Basnet Sudha , Strand Tor A , Bhatnagar Shinjini , Wadhwa Nitya , Lodha Rakesh , Aneja Satinder , Clara Alexey W , Campbell Harry , Nair Harish , Falconer Jennifer , Qazi Shamim A , Nisar Yasir B , Neuman Mark I 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionExisting risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings.MethodsWe used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, including children evaluated for pneumonia in 20 low-income and middle-income countries. Patients with complete data were included in a logistic regression model to assess the association of candidate variables with the outcome hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality. Adjusted log coefficients were calculated for each candidate variable and assigned weighted points to derive the Pneumonia Research Partnership to Assess WHO Recommendations (PREPARE) risk assessment tool. We used bootstrapped selection with 200 repetitions to internally validate the PREPARE risk assessment tool.ResultsA total of 27 388 children were included in the analysis (mean age 14.0 months, pneumonia-related case fatality ratio 3.1%). The PREPARE risk assessment tool included patient age, sex, weight-for-age z-score, body temperature, respiratory rate, unconsciousness or decreased level of consciousness, convulsions, cyanosis and hypoxaemia at baseline. The PREPARE risk assessment tool had good discriminatory value when internally validated (area under the curve 0.83, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.84).ConclusionsThe PREPARE risk assessment tool had good discriminatory ability for identifying children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in a large, geographically diverse dataset. After external validation, this tool may be implemented in various settings to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality.
Immigrant child health in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Salami Bukola , Olukotun Mary , Vastani Muneerah , Amodu Oluwakemi , Tetreault Brittany , Obegu Pamela Ofoedu , Plaquin Jennifer , Sanni Omolara 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding the health of immigrant children from birth to 18 years of age is important given the significance of the early childhood years and complexity of factors that may influence the health status of immigrant populations. Thus, the purpose of this review was to understand the extent and nature of the literature on the health of immigrant children in Canada.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the literature. The review was focused on studies of first-generation and second-generation immigrant children aged 0–18 years. We completed standardised data extraction of immigration status, immigration route, age of children, data source, health or clinical focus, country of origin and major findings.ResultsIn total, 250 published papers representing data from 237 studies met the inclusion criteria for this study. A total of 178 articles used quantitative methodologies (mostly survey and cross-sectional study designs), 54 used qualitative methodologies and 18 used mixed methodologies. The articles considered in this review included 147 (59%) focusing on physical health, 76 (30%) focusing on mental health and 37 (15%) focusing on the social aspects of health for refugee and first-generation and second-generation immigrant children across the provinces and territories of Canada.ConclusionsSeveral literature gaps exist with respect to child immigrant health in Canada. For instance, there are no exclusive studies on immigrant boys and limited studies on children of international students.
Implementation and evaluation of a rural general practice assessment pathway for possible cardiac chest pain using point-of-care troponin testing: a pilot study
Authors: Norman Tim , Young Joanna , Scott Jones Jo , Egan Gishani , Pickering John , Du Toit Stephen , Hamilton Fraser , Miller Rory , Frampton Chris , Devlin Gerard , George Peter , Than Martin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and acceptability, and additionally to preliminarily evaluate, the effectiveness and safety of an accelerated diagnostic chest pain pathway in rural general practice using point-of-care troponin to identify patients at low risk of acute myocardial infarction, avoiding unnecessary patient transfer to hospital and enabling early discharge home.DesignA prospective observational pilot evaluation.SettingTwelve rural general (family) practices in the Midlands region of New Zealand.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 years who presented acutely to rural general practice with suspected ischaemic chest pain for whom the doctor intended transfer to hospital for serial troponin measurement.Outcome measuresThe proportion of patients managed using the low-risk pathway without transfer to hospital and without 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE); pathway adherence; rate of 30-day MACE; patient satisfaction with care; and agreement between point-of-care and laboratory measured troponin concentrations.ResultsA total of 180 patients were assessed by the pathway. The pathway classified 111 patients (61.7%) as low-risk and all were managed in rural general practice with no 30-day MACE (0%, 95% CI 0.0% to 3.3%). Adherence to the low-risk pathway was 95.5% (106 out of 111). Of the 56 patients classified as non-low-risk and referred to hospital, 9 (16.1%) had a 30-day MACE. A further 13 non-low-risk patients were not transferred to hospital, with no events. The sensitivity of the pathway for 30-day MACE was 100.0% (95% CI 70.1% to 100%). Of low-risk patients, 94% reported good to excellent satisfaction with care. Good concordance was observed between point-of-care and duplicate laboratory measured troponin concentrations.ConclusionsThe use of an accelerated diagnostic chest pain pathway incorporating point-of-care troponin in a rural general practice setting was feasible and acceptable, with preliminary results suggesting that it may safely and effectively reduce the urgent transfer of low-risk patients to hospital.