bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waveguide-integrated mid-IR photodetector and all-optical modulator based on interlayer excitons absorption in a WS2/HfS2 heterostructure
Authors: Edelstein Shahar , Indukuri S. R. K. Chaitanya , Mazurski Noa , Levy Uriel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Novel 2D van der Waals semiconductors facilitate the formation of heterostructures and thus support bandgap engineering for atomically thin modern photonic applications. When these heterostructures form a type II band structure, interlayer excitons (ILEs) are formed as a result of the ultrafast charge transfer between the layers. Here, we present for the first time a waveguide-coupled, mid-IR photodetector and modulator based on the ILE absorption. The device consists of a heterostructure of a single layer of tungsten disulfide (WS2) and a few layers of hafnium disulfide (HfS2) integrated to a silicon waveguide on a sapphire substrate. We measure broadband mid-IR photodetection (3.8–5.5 µm) with responsivity in the order of tens of µA/W and with no significant effect on the waveguide’s transmission. Additionally, we demonstrate waveguide-integrated, mid-IR, all-optical modulation by controlling the ILE population with the interband transition of the individual layers of the heterostructure.
Predicting pain after standard pain therapy for knee osteoarthritis – the first steps towards personalized mechanistic-based pain medicine in osteoarthritis
Authors: Petersen Kristian Kjær-Staal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is rising, and pain is the hallmark symptom of OA. Pain in OA is complicated and can be influenced by multiple joint-related factors and factors related to, e.g., physiological, epigenetic, and pain sensory profiles. Increasing evidence suggests that a subset of patients with OA are pain sensitive. This can be assessed using quantitative sensory testing (QST). Common treatments of OA are total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and administration of 3-weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which provide pain relief to many patients with OA. However, approx. 20% of patients experience chronic postoperative pain after TKA, whereas NSAIDs provide an average pain relief of approx. 25%. The current topical review focuses on the emerging evidence linking pretreatment QST to the treatment response of TKA and NSAID treatments.

Content
MEDLINE was systematically searched for all studies from 2000 to 2022 on pretreatment QST, TKA, and NSAIDs. Pre-clinical studies, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded.

Summary
Currently, 14 studies on TKA and four studies on NSAIDs have been published with the aim to attempt prediction of the treatment response. The QST methodologies in the studies are inconsistent, but 11/14 (79%) studies on TKA and 4/4 (100%) studies on NSAIDs report statistically significant associations between pretreatment QST and chronic postoperative pain after TKA or analgesic effect after NSAID treatment. The strength of the associations remains low-to-moderate. The most consistent pretreatment QST predictors are pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation.

Outlook
The use of QST as predictors of standard OA treatment is interesting, but the predictive strength remains low-to-moderate. A transition of QST from a research-based setting and into the clinic is not advised until the predictive strength has been improved and the methodology has been standardized.
Patients with post-COVID-19 vaccination facial palsy: To boost or not to boost?
Authors: Cirillo Nicola , Orlandi Massimiliano , Colella Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A possible association between Bell’s palsy and COVID-19 vaccination has been suggested. While it is likely that COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population do have a slightly increased risk of developing Bell’s palsy, there are little data regarding this risk in individuals with a history of disease. Gaining a better understanding of this association is particularly important for informing evidence-based recommendations regarding future booster shots in subjects who developed Bell’s palsy as a side effect of vaccination, or as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We previously described the first case of COVID-19 vaccine-related Bell’s palsy; here we report an 18-month clinical and electromyographic follow-up and discuss the implications of receiving further vaccine doses in patients with positive disease history.
Crystal structure and specific heat of calcium lanthanide oxyborates Ca4
LnO(BO3)3
Authors: Kelly Nicola D. , Savvin Stanislav , Dutton Siân E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Calcium lanthanide oxyborates Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 are of interest for their optical and electromechanical properties. Their crystal structure has been well characterised using powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction but there remains some disagreement regarding cation ordering in these compounds. In this study, combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction was employed to study the cation distribution and obtain accurate boron and oxygen atomic coordinates for six Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 compounds (Ln = Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Yb) at room temperature and one (Ln = Tb) at 50 and 1.5 K. All compounds adopt the previously reported monoclinic structure with space group Cm. The Ln
3+ ions are disordered over two of the three metal sites, with the extent of disorder increasing across the lanthanide series with decreasing ionic radius. Low-temperature neutron data for Ca4TbO(BO3)3 showed a decrease in paramagnetic scattering on cooling but no obvious magnetic Bragg or diffuse scattering at the lowest temperature of 1.5 K. We report specific heat data at cryogenic temperatures for eight Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 compounds and relate the magnetic properties of these compounds to their structural behaviour.
The cluster structure of crystalline phases according to TGA/DTA and XPS data in isodimorphic substitution series [Cu
x
Ni(1−x){N(CH2PO3)3}]Na4·nH2O (x = 0 … 1)
Authors: Chausov Feodor F. , Suksin Nikita E. , Kholzakov Aleksandr V. , Lomova Natalya V. , Kazantseva Irina S. , Rybin Dmitry S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The cluster structure, thermochemical behavior, and some mechanisms of thermal decomposition of the crystalline products in the isodimorphic substitution series Cu
x
Ni(1−x)NTP (x = 0 … 1) have been studied by simultaneous the thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The complexes NiNTP and Cu1/8Ni7/8NTP with a monoclinic crystal structure are the most thermo-stable and characterized by one-step decomposition at 400–440 °C with the formation of metal phosphides and phosphates. The complexes Cu3/8Ni5/8NTP–Cu3/4Ni1/4NTP with the triclinic crystal lattice and the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination of metal atoms decompose in two steps. Firstly, the formation of a heteroligand complex with imino-bis-methylenephosphonic and methylphosphonic acids takes place at 245 °C. Secondly, the complex decomposes at 270–380 °C. The monometallic complex CuNTP decomposes almost completely at 280–300 °C.
Hierarchical Individual Naturalistic Functional Brain Networks with Group Consistency Uncovered by a Two-Stage NAS-Volumetric Sparse DBN Framework
Authors: Xu Shuhan , Ren Yudan , Tao Zeyang , Song Limei , He Xiaowei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe functional magnetic resonance imaging under naturalistic paradigm (NfMRI) showed great advantages in identifying complex and interactive functional brain networks (FBNs) because of its dynamics and multimodal information. In recent years, various deep learning models, such as deep convolutional autoencoder (DCAE), deep belief network (DBN), and volumetric sparse DBN (vsDBN), can obtain hierarchical FBNs and temporal features from fMRI data. Among them, the vsDBN model revealed a good capability in identifying hierarchical FBNs by modeling fMRI volume images. However, because of the high dimensionality of fMRI volumes and the diverse training parameters of deep learning methods, especially the network architecture that is the most critical parameter for uncovering the hierarchical organization of human brain function, researchers still face challenges in designing an appropriate deep learning framework with automatic network architecture optimization to model volumetric NfMRI. In addition, most of the existing deep learning models ignore the group-wise consistency and intersubject variation properties embedded in NfMRI volumes. To solve these problems, we proposed a two-stage neural architecture search (NAS) and vsDBN model (two-stage NAS-vsDBN model) to identify the hierarchical human brain spatiotemporal features possessing both group consistency and individual uniqueness under naturalistic condition. Moreover, our model defined reliable network structure for modeling volumetric NfMRI data via NAS framework, and the group-level and individual-level FBNs and associated temporal features exhibited great consistency. In general, our method well identified the hierarchical temporal and spatial features of the brain function and revealed the crucial properties of neural processes under natural viewing condition.
Phase Advancing Is a Common Property of Multiple Neuron Classes in the Mouse Retina
Authors: DePiero Victor J. , Borghuis Bart G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBehavioral interactions with moving objects are challenged by response latencies within the sensory and motor nervous systems. In vision, the combined latency from phototransduction and synaptic transmission from the retina to central visual areas amounts to 50–100 ms, depending on stimulus conditions. Time required for generating appropriate motor output adds to this latency and further compounds the behavioral delay. Neuronal adaptations that help counter sensory latency within the retina have been demonstrated in some species, but how general these specializations are, and where in the circuitry they originate, remains unclear. To address this, we studied the timing of object motion-evoked responses at multiple signaling stages within the mouse retina using two-photon fluorescence calcium and glutamate imaging, targeted whole-cell electrophysiology, and computational modeling. We found that both ON-type and OFF-type ganglion cells, as well as the bipolar cells that innervate them, temporally advance the position encoding of a moving object and so help counter the inherent signaling delay in the retina. Model simulations show that this predictive capability is a direct consequence of the spatial extent of the cells’ linear visual receptive field, with no apparent specialized circuits that help predict beyond it.
Abstinence-Dependent Effects of Long-Access Cocaine Self-Administration on Nucleus Accumbens Astrocytes Are Observed in Male, But Not Female, Rats
Authors: Kim Ronald , Testen Anze , Harder Eden V. , Brown Natalie E. , Witt Emily A. , Bellinger Tania J. , Franklin Janay P. , Reissner Kathryn J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates significant consequences for astrocytes associated with drug abuse. For example, reductions in structural features and synaptic colocalization of male rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) astrocytes are observed following short-access (ShA; 2 h/d) self-administration and extinction from cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin. However, it is unknown whether these observations extend to other rodent models of drug abuse, how enduring these effects may be, and whether similar effects are observed in female rats. Here, we assess the effects of long-access (LgA; 6 h/d) cocaine self-administration and abstinence on NAc astrocytes separately in male and female rats, employing a commonly used behavioral approach to investigate the incubation of cocaine craving. NAc astrocytes from male rats exhibit extensive (∼40%) reductions in surface area, volume, and postsynaptic colocalization 45 d but not 24 h after the last self-administration session. In contrast, no effect of self-administration and abstinence was observed in astrocytes from female rats. Moreover, no effect of LgA self-administration and abstinence was observed on NAc GLT-1 expression in female rats, an effect that has been well described in males. These results indicate striking and sexually dimorphic effects of abstinence subsequent to LgA self-administration on astrocytes. Taken together, these results indicate a pivotal role of prolonged abstinence in the effects of cocaine self-administration on NAc astrocytes, and extend a growing body of evidence regarding sex differences in the cellular consequences of drug self-administration in the brain.
Regulation of membrane fluidity by RNF145‐triggered degradation of the lipid hydrolase ADIPOR2
Authors: Volkmar Norbert , Gawden‐Bone Christian M , Williamson James C , Nixon‐Abell Jonathon , West James A , St George‐Hyslop Peter H , Kaser Arthur , Lehner Paul J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe regulation of membrane lipid composition is critical for cellular homeostasis. Cells are particularly sensitive to phospholipid saturation, with increased saturation causing membrane rigidification and lipotoxicity. How mammalian cells sense membrane lipid composition and reverse fatty acid (FA)‐induced membrane rigidification is poorly understood. Here we systematically identify proteins that differ between mammalian cells fed saturated versus unsaturated FAs. The most differentially expressed proteins were two ER‐resident polytopic membrane proteins: the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF145 and the lipid hydrolase ADIPOR2. In unsaturated lipid membranes, RNF145 is stable, promoting its lipid‐sensitive interaction, ubiquitination and degradation of ADIPOR2. When membranes become enriched in saturated FAs, RNF145 is rapidly auto‐ubiquitinated and degraded, stabilising ADIPOR2, whose hydrolase activity restores lipid homeostasis and prevents lipotoxicity. We therefore identify RNF145 as a FA‐responsive ubiquitin ligase which, together with ADIPOR2, defines an autoregulatory pathway that controls cellular membrane lipid homeostasis and prevents acute lipotoxic stress.
E‐cadherin mediates apical membrane initiation site localisation duringde novopolarisation of epithelial cavities
Authors: Liang Xuan , Weberling Antonia , Hii Chun Yuan , Zernicka‐Goetz Magdalena , Buckley Clare E 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividual cells withinde novopolarising tubes and cavities must integrate their forming apical domains into a centralised apical membrane initiation site (AMIS). This is necessary to enable organised lumen formation within multi‐cellular tissue. Despite the well‐documented importance of cell division in localising the AMIS, we have found a division‐independent mechanism of AMIS localisation that relies instead on Cadherin‐mediated cell–cell adhesion. Our study ofde novopolarising mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cultured in 3D suggests that cell–cell adhesion localises apical proteins such as PAR‐6 to a centralised AMIS. Unexpectedly, we also found that mESC clusters lacking functional E‐cadherin still formed a lumen‐like cavity in the absence of AMIS localisation but did so at a later stage of development via a “closure” mechanism, instead of via hollowing. This work suggests that there are two, interrelated mechanisms of apical polarity localisation: cell adhesion and cell division. Alignment of these mechanisms in space allows for redundancy in the system and ensures the development of a coherent epithelial structure within a growing organ.
CTCF shapes chromatin structure and gene expression in health and disease
Authors: Dehingia Bondita , Milewska Małgorzata , Janowski Marcin , Pękowska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) is an eleven zinc finger (ZF), multivalent transcriptional regulator, that recognizes numerous motifs thanks to the deployment of distinct combinations of its ZFs. The great majority of the ~50,000 genomic locations bound by the CTCF protein in a given cell type is intergenic, and a fraction of these sites overlaps with transcriptional enhancers. Furthermore, a proportion of the regions bound by CTCF intersect genes and promoters. This suggests multiple ways in which CTCF may impact gene expression. At promoters, CTCF can directly affect transcription. At more distal sites, CTCF may orchestrate interactions between regulatory elements and help separate eu‐ and heterochromatic areas in the genome, exerting a chromatin barrier function. In this review, we outline how CTCF contributes to the regulation of the three‐dimensional structure of chromatin and the formation of chromatin domains. We discuss how CTCF binding and architectural functions are regulated. We examine the literature implicating CTCF in controlling gene expression in development and disease both by acting as an insulator and a factor facilitating regulatory elements to efficiently interact with each other in the nuclear space.
Improvement of the Quality of Future Engineers’ Social and Humanitarian Training in the Higher Technical Education Institution
Authors: Palahniuk Mykhailo 
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the urgency of training highly qualified and competitive engineers in the labor market under the requirements of the world economy, the level of technological development, and taking into account societal demands for the quality of educational services. International experience of training future specialists and directions of improving the skills of engineering and technical personnel are analyzed. The results of the study of educational programs for the training of future engineers in the institution of higher technical education are presented. The necessity of updating the content of education based on professional and creative training of specialists in the field of engineering has been proved, considering it as a holistic process of personal and professional development of the graduate. The pedagogical potential of social sciences and humanities about the professional development of engineering and technical specialists is presented. Interdisciplinary courses are offered, which are aimed at philosophical understanding of the socio-economic situation in the country and the world, the development of critical thinking and abilities to organize one's own business, management skills, and more. Several methodological aspects of the implementation of pedagogical innovations in higher education are substantiated, including business and role-playing games, Problem Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, Oxford Debates, group work, interactive training, and workshops. The importance of professional communication as a complex socio-psychological formation is associated with the process of training future engineers and characterizes the level of formation of integrative knowledge, professional skills, and abilities. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop highly qualified specialists’ creative thinking, the initiative in decision-making, the ability to work in a team on solving philosophical issues, etc. The author has proven convincingly the urgency for preventing various forms of discrimination against people with special educational needs, as well as avoiding gender stereotypes and ideas in the institution of engineering and technical profile.
Longitudinal association between parental involvement and internet gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: Consideration of future consequences as a mediator and peer victimization as a moderator
Authors: Dou Kai , Feng Xue-Ke , Wang Lin-Xin , Li Jian-Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in adolescents is a concerning issue. Positive parenting has been found to protect against adolescent IGD, but the underlying mechanisms await further investigation. As such, this study examined the longitudinal association between parental involvement (PI) – a specific type of positive parenting understudied in the literature of adolescent gaming disorder – and IGD. Moreover, this study also tested consideration of future consequences (CFC) as a mediator and peer victimization (PV) as a moderator.

Methods
A two-wave longitudinal research spanning 6 months apart was conducted. Participants were Chinese adolescents (final N = 434; 222 females; M
age = 14.44 years, SD = 1.56). They provided ratings on PI, PV, and IGD at Wave 1, and CFC-immediate, CFC-future, and IGD at Wave 2.

Results
Descriptive statistics showed that the prevalence rate of IGD was 10.81% and 9.45% at Waves 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, results of moderated mediation model found that after controlling for Wave 1 IGD and covariates, Wave 1 PI was associated with Wave 2 IGD via preventing adolescents who had higher levels of PV from developing a tendence of CFC-immediate and via promoting adolescents who had lower levels of PV to develop a tendence of CFC-future.

Discussion and Conclusions
Altogether, these results suggest that facilitative ecological systems (e.g., positive parenting and good relationships with peers) and personal strengths (e.g., positive future orientation) jointly contribute to the mitigation of adolescent IGD.
The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and features of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with myocardial infarction according to the Russian register of acute myocardial infarction REGION-MI
Authors: Boytsov S. A. , Shakhnovich R. M. , Tereschenko S. N. , Erlikh A. D. , Kukava N. G. , Pevsner D. V. , Rytova Y. K. 
Published: August 2022

Aim To study the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in the Russian Federation; to assess the compliance with clinical practice guidelines of the lipid-lowering therapy prescribed upon discharge from the hospital; and to determine the number of patients who are indicated for the combination lipid-lowering therapy to achieve the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal.Material and methods REGION-MI is Russian rEGIstry Of acute myocardial iNfarction, a multicenter, retrospective and prospective observational study. The observation period was divided into 3 stages: observation during the stay in the hospital and at 6 and 12 months after the inclusion in the registry. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C were measured in all patients on admission. Evaluation of the prescribed lipid-lowering therapy included the intensity of the treatment.ResultsThe study included 3 620 patients; 62.4 of them had hyperlipidemia on admission. Mean TC on admission was 5.29 mmol/l and LDl-C level was 3.35 mmol/l. Upon discharge, 95.4% of patients after myocardial infarction continued on or were prescribed statin therapy; ezetimibe was prescribed to 1.22% of patients. Patients with an extremely high level of LDL-C >5 mmol/l accounted for 10.7% of patients with hyperlipidemia. The target level of LDL-C ≤1.4 mmol/l cannot be achieved with the statin and ezetimibe combination therapy in these patients; drugs from the group of PCSK9 inhibitors are indicated for them.Conclusion According to the data of the Russian registry of acute myocardial infarction, REGION-MI, a high incidence of hyperlipidemia is observed in patients with acute MI. Despite multiple studies that have proven the importance of achieving a low LDL-C level and good tolerance and safety of ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors, the prescription frequency of combination therapy remains unreasonably low. Results of a simulation study that was conducted in Sweden and the data of the REGION-MI registry showed that PCSK9 inhibitors as a part of the combination therapy are indicated for many patients. The combination therapy is presently the most powerful type of lipid-lowering treatment that allows, in most cases, achievement of the LDL-C goal.