bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEN1 Surveillance Guidelines: Time to (Re)Think?
Authors: Newey Paul J , Newell-Price John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) recommend a variety of surveillance options. Given progress over the past decade in this area, it is timely to evaluate their ongoing utility. MEN1 is characterized by the development of synchronous or asynchronous tumors affecting a multitude of endocrine and nonendocrine tissues, resulting in premature morbidity and mortality, such that the rationale for undertaking surveillance screening in at-risk individuals appears robust. Current guidelines recommend an intensive regimen of clinical, biochemical, and radiological surveillance commencing in early childhood for those with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of MEN1, with the aim of early tumor detection and treatment. Although it is tempting to assume that such screening results in patient benefits and improved outcomes, the lack of a strong evidence base for several aspects of MEN1 care, and the potential for iatrogenic harms related to screening tests or interventions of unproven benefit, make such assumptions potentially unsound. Furthermore, the psychological as well as economic burdens of intensive screening remain largely unstudied. Although screening undoubtedly constitutes an important component of MEN1 patient care, this perspective aims to highlight some of the current uncertainties and challenges related to existing MEN1 guidelines with a particular focus on the role of screening for presymptomatic tumors. Looking forward, a screening approach that acknowledges these limitations and uncertainties and places the patient at the heart of the decision-making process is advocated.
Association Between Body Mass Index and Outcomes in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Lu Shu Yang , Ortoleva Jamel , Colon Katia , Mueller Ariel , Laflam Andrew , Shelton Kenneth , Dalia Adam A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
The association between obesity, or elevated body mass index (BMI), and outcomes in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has not been well established. Recent studies in patients receiving venovenous ECMO did not detect an association between obesity and increased mortality. The purpose of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the association between BMI and survival in patients receiving VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock.

METHODS:
All patients >18 years of age supported on VA-ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock in a single academic center between 2009 and 2019 were included. ECMO outcomes, including successful ECMO decannulation and 30-day survival, were analyzed after stratification according to BMI. Multivariable and univariate logistic regression were used to assess the association between BMI and VA-ECMO outcomes.

RESULTS:
Of the total patients (n = 355) cannulated for VA-ECMO, 61.7% of the patients survived to ECMO recovery/decannulation, 45.5% of the patients survived to 30 days after ECMO decannulation, and 38.9% of the patients survived to hospital discharge with no statistically significant differences among the BMI groups. Multivariable logistic regression did not reveal any associations between obesity as defined by BMI and survival to ECMO decannulation (odds ratio [OR] 1.07 per 5 unit increase in BMI, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–1.33; P = .57), 30-day survival (OR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.73–1.14; P = .41) or survival to hospital discharge (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.75–1.20; P = .66).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite potential challenges to cannulation and maintaining adequate flow during ECMO, this single centered, retrospective observational study did not detect association between BMI and survival to ECMO decannulation, 30-day survival, or survival to hospital discharge for patients requiring VA-ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock. These data suggest that obesity alone should not exclude candidacy for VA-ECMO.
The primary outcome in this retrospective study was survival of the ECMO therapy (survival to ECMO decannulation), defined as surviving >24 hours after decannulation without a withdrawal of care. Secondary outcomes included survival at 30 days and survival to hospital discharge.
Association of Sugammadex or Neostigmine With Major Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Children
Authors: Beltran Ralph J. , Mpody Christian , Nafiu Olubukola O. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:
Recent data in adult patients indicate that the use of sugammadex compared to neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular block (NMB) was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of composite postoperative pulmonary complications. Despite the clinical significance of pulmonary complications in children, studies exploring the role of NMB reversal in the risk of these complications are currently unavailable.

METHOD:
We performed a propensity score-matched retrospective study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) dataset spanning the years 2016 and 2020. We studied children <18 years who underwent elective, inpatient, noncardiac surgical procedures and received either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal of NMB. Our primary outcome was major postoperative pulmonary complication, which we defined as the occurrence of either postoperative pneumonia or respiratory failure.

RESULTS:
Our study included a study population of 33,819 children, of whom 23,312 (68.9%) received neostigmine and 10,507 (31.1%) received sugammadex. After propensity score matching (10,361 matched from each group), we found no evidence of a statistically significant association between the NMB reversal agent and the incidence of pulmonary complications (3.1% vs 3.1%; odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–1.05; P = .19). The components of pulmonary complications, including respiratory failure and pneumonia, were not statistically associated with the choice of NMB reversal agent.

CONCLUSIONS:
Choice of NMB reversal agent does not appear to impact the incidence of major postoperative pulmonary complications. Further research is needed to determine whether our results carry forth across subpopulations defined by surgical specialty, the presence of complex chronic conditions, and anesthesia technique.
Convergent Synthesis of the WXYZA′B′C′D′E′F′ Ring Segment of Maitotoxin
Authors: Umeno Keitaro , Onoue Hisaaki , Konoki Keiichi , Torikai Kohei , Yasuno Yoko , Satake Masayuki , Oishi Tohru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of the WXYZA′B′C′D′E′F′ ring segment of maitotoxin, a ladder-shaped polyether produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, was achieved based on a convergent strategy via α-cyano ethers developed in our laboratory. The WXYZ ring aldehyde and the C′D′E′F′ diol were combined through the construction of the B′ ring via ring-closing metathesis and the A′ ring via O,S-acetal formation followed by radical reduction. Introduction of a terminal olefin in the side chain culminated in the convergent synthesis of the WXYZA′B′C′D′E′F′ ring segment in 16 steps.
Inflammatory laboratory findings associated with severe illness among hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Medan, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Pakpahan Cennikon , Ruslie Riska Habriel , Rezano Andri 
Published: January 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains a global health problem. COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia have a higher risk for critical illness, mostly complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. The inflammatory response is critical, and the cytokine storm increases the severity of COVID-19. Many factors could be associated with a cytokine storm but they are incompletely understood. This study presents characteristics of COVID-19 patients and explore the clinical and inflammatory parameters of severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in all severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Peripheral blood was taken for laboratory examination within 24 hours of admission. Haematologic parameters, serum electrolyte, renal function, liver function, pancreas enzyme, D-dimer, inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed in this study. Comparative analyses were done between sex, existing comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), and COVID-19 vaccination status. Results: A total of 80 subjects were included in the study. The most frequent comorbidities found among the subjects were obesity (36.35%) and diabetes (22.5%). Only 13.75% of subjects were vaccinated. Laboratory results indicated leucocytosis and neutrophilia, with a neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) of 7. The mean inflammatory findings (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, MCP-1), D-dimer, CRP, and lipase increased. Lipase levels were higher in men (p = 0.003) and in comorbidity groups. No significant differences were found among different BMI groups. Lipase, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels were significantly higher (p=0.019, <0.0001, and 0.03, respectively) in the non-vaccinated group. Conclusions: Most patients with severe COVID-19 have comorbidities and increased inflammatory markers.
Management of psychotropic medications in adults with intellectual disability: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Costello Ashley , Hehir Cian , Sharma Drona , Hudson Eithne , Doody Owen , Kelly Dervla 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Psychotropic medications are commonly prescribed among adults with intellectual disability (ID), often in the absence of a psychiatric diagnosis. As such, there is great disparity between the estimated prevalence of mental illness and the rates of psychotropic medication use amongst people with ID. ‘Off-label’ use of these medications may account for much of this discrepancy, in particular their use in the management of challenging behaviour. This has come under scrutiny due to the myriad of side effects and the deficiency of high-quality data supporting their use for this indication. Understanding the causes and justifications for such disparity is essential in discerning the efficacy of current prescription practice. Objective: To explore the existing evidence base regarding the prescription and management of psychotropic medications in adults with ID. The aim will be achieved through identifying the psychotropic medications commonly prescribed, the underlying rationale(s) for their prescription and the evidence available that demonstrates their appropriateness and effectiveness. Additionally, the paper will seek to evaluate the availability of any existing guidance that informs the management of these medications, and the evidence and outcomes of psychotropic medication dose reduction and/or cessation interventions. Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that focus on the use of psychotropic medications amongst patients with ID. Methods: Research studies (qualitative, quantitative and mixed design) and Grey Literature (English) will be included. The search will be conducted without time restrictions. Databases will include: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Databased of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO and Scopus. A three-step search strategy will be followed, with results screened by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted independently by two reviewers using a data extraction tool with results mapped and presented using a narrative form supported by tables and diagrams.
Identifying knowledge gaps for successful restorative aquaculture of Ostrea edulis: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bertolini Camilla , Pastres Roberto 
Published: January 2022

Background: Active restoration is necessary to enhance the recovery of Ostrea edulis reefs, which contribute to many ecosystem services. Restoration can be integrated within aquaculture practices, bringing positive environmental changes while maximising space utilisation. The restoration project MAREA (MAtchmaking Restoration Ecology and Aquaculture) aims to bring back O. edulis in the North-West Adriatic addressing the feasibility of its cultivation. Both successful restoration and sustainable aquaculture require a thorough understanding of the ecological needs, as the requirements of both activities need to be harmonized. Therefore, one of the preliminary activities before embarking on the pilot was the completion of a thorough literature review to identify research directions and gaps required for ‘restorative aquaculture’, aiming to gather the most up to date O. edulis knowledge on a global and local scale. Methods: Internet (Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar) and physical resources (libraries) were searched for all available global and local knowledge on O. edulis. Bibliometrix was used to identify the main research topics using keywords, titles, and abstracts analyses. Studies were then manually screened and summarised to extract knowledge specific to restoration and aquaculture. Results: While restoration studies are recent, evidence for the loss of this species and potential causes (and solutions) have been discussed since the end of the 19th century. While diseases were a leading cause for reef loss, substratum limitation appears to be one of the leading limiting factors for both restoration and aquaculture of O. edulis, and was already mentioned in the early texts that were found. Conclusions: The review highlighted that restoration success and aquaculture feasibility depend upon the crucial stage of settlement. The project ‘MAREA’ will therefore increase its focus on this stage, both in terms of timing, location, and materials for settlement plates placement.
Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia through an ethical lens: A study of non-state actors involved in aid distribution
Authors: Nungsari Melati , Hui Yin Chuah , Fong Nicole , Pillai Veena 
Published: January 2022

Background: Globally, vulnerable populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent responses, such as lockdown measures and mass vaccinations. Numerous ethical challenges have arisen at different levels, be it at the policy-making level or on the ground. For example, policymakers have to contain a highly contagious disease with high morbidity using scarce resources, while minimizing the medium- to long-term social and economic impacts induced by containment measures. This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in Malaysia by using an intersectional framework that accounts for overlapping forms of marginalization. Methods: This study utilizes in-depth qualitative data obtained from 34 individuals and organizations to understand the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on vulnerable populations in Malaysia. We utilize four principles of ethics to guide our coding and interpretation of the data – namely beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. We utilize a frequency analysis to roughly understand the types of ethical issues that emerged. Using hermeneutic content analysis (HCA), we then explore how the principles interact with each other. Results: Through the frequently analysis, we found that although beneficence was very prevalent in our dataset, so was a significant amount of harm – as perpetuated through injustice, the removal or lack of autonomy and maleficence. We also unearthed a worrying landscape of harm and deep systemic issues associated with a lack of support for vulnerable households – further exacerbated during the pandemic. Conclusions: Policy recommendations for aid organizations and society to mitigate these ethical problems are presented, such as long overdue institutional reforms and stronger ethical practices rooted in human rights principles, which government agencies and aid providers can then use in the provision of aid to vulnerable populations.
Legal and psychological analysis of the peculiarities of interaction with citizens of employees of internal affairs bodies in conditions of provocative behavior
Authors: Vahnina Viktoriya , Maltseva Tatyana , Afanas'ev Aleksandr , Novikov Dmitriy , Rogozhnikov Ivan , Koromyslov Dmitriy 
Published: January 2022

In a media-dominated society, all organizations have certain reputational risks. In recent years, the public image of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation has been largely determined by the Internet environment. On the one hand, favorable images are created in it, on the other, the exposure of abuse and illegal actions. As a rule, the latter, on the basis of the action of the regularities of the formation of a conditioned reflex and the emergence of emotions and feelings, have a greater impact on the public. The authors note that the effectiveness of external communication of employees of internal affairs bodies is interconnected with its positioning in society, which ensures a positive or negative emotional attitude towards the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the part of others. In this regard, interaction with citizens in legal situations is an image-forming component.
The article analyzes the acute conflict situation of interaction between an employee of the internal affairs bodies with citizens, which is posted on the video hosting You Tube (channel of the public project "Movement") in the form of videos about citizens visiting the Reception of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ("Kneeling in front of the lieutenant colonel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia! Sercons continued", " Serkons Bought the Police? Bloggers At the Reception of the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "). The main methods of psychological influence are highlighted, which made it possible to destabilize this situation, the regulatory legal framework is analyzed, which can be used by police officers in an acute crisis situation and in the process of performing operational and service actions.
THE WAYS TO IMPROVE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF EMPLOYEES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, EXPECTED TO BE INCLUDED IN THE PERSONNEL RESERVE OF AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIN
Authors: Tokareva Maria , Skvortsova Daria 
Published: January 2022

The article discusses topical problems of ensuring the psychological selection of employees for inclusion in the personnel reserve of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.
The sample of the study consists of 47 people: the first group of police officers appointed to leading positions in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the personnel reserve (n = 25), and the second group of employees included in the personnel reserve of the educational organization, but who were not appointed to senior positions for various reasons (n = 22).
In order to increase the effectiveness of the examination of the individual psychological characteristics of employees recommended for inclusion in the personnel reserve of an educational organization, we propose to study them in blocks (potentials), which, in our opinion, will increase the reliability of the data obtained and reduce subjectivity. The authors of the article identified the following blocks: intellectual, leadership, adaptive and executive potential.
The article presents the results of a study of the potentials and competencies of employees of the personnel reserve of the internal affairs bodies. Recommendations for improving the work on the selection of employees included in the personnel reserve of an educational organization are presented.
An analysis of the psychological characteristics of employees of internal affairs bodies included in the personnel reserve and subsequently appointed to leading positions gives us reason to believe that psychological diagnostics and, in general, forecasting the professional success of police officers requires a revision of existing approaches to diagnostic and prognostic indicators, and possibly and psychodiagnostic methods and procedures
On the academic freedom in the times of crisis of liberal democracy
Authors: Godłów-Legiędź Janina 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The crisis of liberal democracy reveals a new dimension to the dispute over the role of the university. Declining trust in elites and the growing uncertainty during the pandemic challenge the belief that the key aim of the university reform should be to subject it to the global mechanism of competition as well as to introduce modern management principles. In the American society, there is a growing belief that the higher education system in the United States is heading in the wrong direction and that universities are politically biased. Despite this, the American system inspires higher education all over the world, including Poland. Even during the pandemic, the attention of the academic community in Poland is focused on the lists of journals constituting the basis for the evaluation of universities and academics.
Aim: The aim of the article is to demonstrate the threats posed by a higher education system governed by the dominant economic and political forces. The author evaluates the economic forces behind the parameterisation and ranking system, challenging the rationality of the Polish higher education reforms. The source of the arguments for academic freedom is the political economy that places economic goals in the perspective of long-term universal goals and examines the complex relationships between the economic, political and moral aspects.
Results: Academic freedom is not a privilege of the academic world, but one of the foundations of the successful development of a democratic society because science and education cannot be subject to existing patterns of thinking and current economic and political forces. But modern universities are driven to act like firms in competitive market places and they are following trends set by short-term economic and politic interests. Political economy is an effective tool for analysing functioning of higher education operating in quasi-market conditions, imposed by the dominant market players and the state. Understanding the forces underlying the reform of universities requires an analysis of the processes of interpenetration of economic and political processes, which means that the paradigm of political economy is gaining importance. In view of the requirements imposed on universities, dictated by short-term interests, the most important thing is the awareness that the necessity of state financing means that no solution will guarantee autonomy, if there is no responsibility of the academic community and self-discipline of its members.