bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructures and Adhesive Bonding Strength Analysis of Plasma Sprayed Silica Modified Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates
Authors: Xu J. L. , Khor K. A. , Cizek J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is preferred for its ability to interact with living bone, resulting in improvements of implant fixation and faster bone healing. In this study, a small amount of silicon dioxide (~ 2wt%) was introduced into HA slurry which was subsequently spray-dried into powder. A silicon modified HA coating was then deposited onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and Raman spectrometry were employed to investigate the surface chemistry that would directly influence bone forming cell proliferation. Additionally, the adhesive bonding strength of the as-sprayed coatings were specified measured using a universal testing system. The fracture surfaces after tensile test were also investigated by SEM.
Effect of Nitrogen Flow Rate on the Microstructure and Transformation Rate of TiN Coatings in Reactive Plasma Spraying
Authors: Yang H. , Chen H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
TiN coatings and some particle of TiN were prepared by reactive plasma spraying, in which titanium powder react with nitrogen under different flow rate, at the same time keeping all other parameters invariableness. The microstructure of the TiN coatings and particles were analyzed by means of SEM and the rate of TiN coating was tested by XRD. The results show that the microstructure and transformation rate of TiN coatings are greatly affected by nitrogen flow rate. The microstructure and transformation rate of TiN coatings were the best when the nitrogen flow rate was 1500 L/h.
The Oxy-Fuel Ionization (OFI) Process – Experimental Process Analysis
Authors: Parco M. , Barykin G. , Fagoaga I. , Mariaux G. , Goutier S. , Vardelle M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Oxy-Fuel Ionization system (OFI) is a new thermal spray process which consists basically on a high velocity combustion process enhanced by a low energy plasma source. The system is characterized by its stability over a relatively large range of fuel/oxidant conditions, the possibility to use poor fuels like natural one (with low gas consumption) and the high deposition rates that can be achieved in comparison to conventional HVOF guns. The OFI gun has been designed following a modular concept, which in combination with the high flexibility of the system is expected to allow the deposition of coating materials with the most different physical and chemical natures. This work deals with the experimental analysis of the process using methane as fuel gas and its correlation with the deposition of WC-base materials. Two in-flight particle diagnostic systems were used: the Spray Watch diagnostic system (from OSEIR) and the Spray and Deposit Control (SDC) system (developed by the SPCTS laboratory of the University of Limoges). Results are presented for the most representative properties of the optimized coatings (micro hardness distributions on the coating cross section and crystallographic analysis).
Arc Spraying of WC-FeCSiMn Cored Wires – Part 2: Young's Modulus Measurement and Simulation
Authors: Nebel J. , Klusemann B. , Vogli E. , Tillmann W. , Svendsen B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The characterization of thermal sprayed coatings is often limited to microstructural analysis to evaluate the coatings morphology. Indentation is commonly used to determine the mechanical properties of different kind of engineering materials. However, due to the complex structure of thermal sprayed coatings few results have been obtained so far. This is the second of two papers concerning the intrinsic mechanical properties of arc-sprayed WC-FeSiCMn coatings. In part 2 experimental nanoindentation tests and simulation results are compared. The experimental indentation tests show scattering in the force-deformation data due to the complex structure of the arc-sprayed coating which is investigated by means of an indentation test simulation. Based on these results the effective Young's modulus as well as further properties are identified. A general procedure is presented to predict the effective mechanical properties of different coating composites based on the microstructure, porosity and properties of the chemical composition after thermal spraying.
Effect of Powder Compressive Strength on Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spraying
Authors: Sonoda T. , Kuwashima T. , Nakamura M. , Saito T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In cold spray, feedstock powders are accelerated by supersonic jet with solid phase and deposited onto substrate. Compare with the conventional thermal spray, the coatings have low porosity without oxidation and decomposition. This study examines the effect of the powder compressive strength of each particle on coating deposition characteristics using two types of Ni powders, manufactured in a different process, in cold spray. The result indicated that heat treatment reduced the powder compressive strength, and the decrease of the powder compressive strength was related to the increase of bond strength of particles and deposition efficiency. In addition, it was shown that the powder compressive strength has an influence of deposition mechanism.
Estrategias para mejorar los resultados reproductivos tras síndrome del folículo vacío: a propósito de un caso clínico
Authors: Tomaizeh Aida , Armijo Alberto , Flórez Natalia , Martínez Irene , Tirado María Pilar , Mantrana Elena 
Published: September 2022

El síndrome del folículo vacío (SFV) es el fracaso total para recuperar los ovocitos después de la estimulación ovárica, a pesar de un desarrollo folicular aparentemente normal y una esteroidogénesis folicular adecuada. Se han descrito dos variantes de SFV: la forma genuina, que ocurre en presencia de niveles adecuados de hCGb circulante o de LH en el momento de la aspiración de ovocitos, y la forma 'falsa', que se asocia a niveles séricos de hCG/LH por debajo de un umbral crítico. En nuestra paciente tras un protocolo aceptado de estimulación ovárica con gonadotropina menopáusica humana y folitropina alfa y posterior maduración folicular con coriogonadotropina alfa no se obtuvieron cúmulos ovocitarios en la punción ecoguiada, con lo que se trató de emplear otras estrategias encaminadas a corregir esta situación. El tratamiento y el pronóstico de estas pacientes aún no se conocen bien. Se necesitan grandes estudios multicéntricos y revisiones sistemáticas para aumentar la comprensión del SFV y así, su manejo, diseñando mejores estrategias como tratamos de hacer con nuestra paciente con el empleo de doble descarga para maduración ovocitaria.
Meningeal defects and focal cortical dysplasia: an unrecognized relationship? Illustrative case
Authors: Ellis Erin M. , Trybula S. Joy , Adney Scott K. , Lee Paula K. J. , Bandt S. Kathleen 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are a heterogenous cluster of histopathologic entities classically associated with medically refractory epilepsy. Because there is substantial histopathologic variation among different types of FCD, there are likely multiple pathogenic mechanisms leading to these disorders. The meninges are known to play a role in cortical development, and disruption of meningeal-derived signaling pathways has been shown to impact neurodevelopment. To our knowledge, there has not yet been an investigation into whether genetic pathways regulating meningeal development may be involved in the development of FCD.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported a patient with refractory epilepsy and evidence of FCD on imaging who received surgical intervention and was found to have an unusual dural anomaly overlying a region of type Ic FCD. To the authors’ knowledge, this was the first report describing a lesion of this nature in the context of FCD.

LESSONS
The dural anomaly exhibited by the patient presented what could be a potentially novel pathogenic mechanism of FCD. Resection of the cortical tissue underlying the dural anomaly resulted in improvement in seizure control. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, this case highlighted the importance of further investigation into the developmental origins of FCD, which may help elucidate whether a connection between meningeal development and FCD exists.
المعارف ودلالتها السياقية
Authors: Kashkool Maysam Kadhim 
Published: September 2022

تناول البحث بالدراسة المعارف ودلالتها السياقية، متخذاً من سورة يوسف انموذجا، قدمت له بمقدمة بينت فيه معنى المعرفة في اللغة والاصطلاح، ومعنى دلالة السياق، ومن ثم اختلاف النحاة في أعرف المعارف، وعددها، ومبهمها.
فأما المبحث الأول فقد اختص بالموصول ومعناه ونوع الموصول، واسم الإشارة.
واما المبحث الثاني فقد ذكرت فيه الضمير والعلم.
وتعلق المبحث الثالث بالمعرف ب(ال) والمعرف بالإضافة.
وجاءت الخاتمة لأذكر فيها اهم نتائج البحث.
التحليل المكاني للحوادث المرورية في محافظة بغداد باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: Ali Bashar Jebur 
Published: September 2022

يهدف البحث لتحليل واقع الحوادث المرورية في محافظة بغداد، من خلال توزيع اعداد الحوادث المروية على اقضية محافظة بغداد، وبلغ مجموعها لعام (2020) (871) حادث، وهناك عوامل متعددة ساهمت بارتفاع الحوادث المرورية، منها تعلقت بطبيعة الحادث المروري (انقلاب، دهس، اصطدام)، اذ احتلت حوادث الاصطدام المرتبة الاولى بواقع (39.7%) حادث، واسهم صنف الطريق كعامل مؤثر بالحوادث المرورية، اذ سجلت حوادث الدهس على الطرق الرئيسة المرتبة الاولى بواقع (232) حادث، واعتبر عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب طبيعة الوقت لوقت النهار على الحصة الاكبر بواقع (51.5%) حادث، بينما عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب نوعها وخطورتها شكلت الحوادث المصاحبة للجرحى فقط اعلى نسبة بلغت (587) حادث، بسبب استيراد السيارات بدون ضوابط تحدد شروط المتانة والسلامة، واشتمل عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب اسباب الحادث التي تعود اسبابها الى السائق بالمرتبة الاولى بلغت (611) حادث، بسبب قيادة المركبات بدون اجازة سوق، وتمثلت الحوادث المرورية بحسب نوع الحادث والجنس للذكور على اعلى نسب للحوادث، لاسيما حوادث الدهس بواقع (417) حادث و(81) حادث للذكور والاناث، في حين احتل عامل الحوادث المرورية بحسب الاسباب الرئيسة لوقوعها على نسبة مرتفعة تمثلت بالسرعة الشديدة بالمراتب الاولى بمجموع (585) حادث، وركزت الحوادث المرورية على مستوى الاقضية بحسب عامل نتيجة الحوادث في قضائي الرصافة والكرخ بالمرتبة الاولى والثانية تباعاً بواقع (242) حادث، (154) حادث، وتصدرت السيارات نوع صالون الحوادث المرورية بحسب عامل نوع المركبة، بواقع (480) حادث، وسجلت الدرجة المعيارية للحوادث المرورية على مستوى الاقضية اعلى نسبة في قضائي الرصافة والكرخ تباعاً بواقع (2.4) حادث و(1.2) حادث، وكانت نسب عدد الحوادث المرورية الى عدد الوفيات (0.3) (حادث/وفاة)، بينما جائت نتائج نسبة الاصابات الى عدد الحوادث (0.8) (حادث /اصابة)، واخيراً جاءت نسب عدد المتوفين لكل (10) اصابات بواقع (0.3)(متوفي / اصابة).
عودة الحياة البرلمانية في سوريا عام 1954
Authors: Hamed Ali Salih Hamdan 
Published: September 2022

شهدت سوريا اولى محاولاتها لوضع أسس النظام البرلماني وتفعيل دوره في الحياة عامة في آواخر العشرينيات من القرن الفائت، وتحديداً في عهد الانتداب الفرنسي (1920-1946)، ومع ذلك لم تدخر سلطات الانتداب جهداً في التدخل في الشأن البرلماني السوري وجعله فاقداً لأي سلطة حقيقية، وما أن استقلت سوريا حتى وقعت تحت رحمة الانقلابات العسكرية (1949-1954)، والتي واجهت هي الأخرى البرلمانات المنتخبة بالحديد والنار، بحسب مصالحها دون النظر في المصلحة الشعب السوري المغلوب على أمره.
عرفت سوريا مرحلة جديدة من الحياة البرلمانية بعد انتخابات عام 1954، أثر سقوط حكم الانقلابات العسكرية واستقالة أديب الشيشكلي ومغادرته البلاد، فقد شاركت في الانتخابات مختلف الأحزاب السورية والشخصيات المستقلة ولم يتدخل الجيش في شؤون الدولة وذلك في سابقة خطيرة، مما أدى إلى فرز طبيعي للأصوات وبحرية لأول مرة، لذا يمكن عد انتخابات البرلمان السوري عام 1954، من أنزه وأنضج الانتخابات التي عرفتها الدول العربية وقتذاك، الأمر الذي برهن على مقدرة السوريين في اختيار ممثليه الحقيقيين متى ما توفرت البيئة المناسبة دون التدخل السافر من السلطات المتنفذة.
Polyphenols: The Pharmaceutical Approach and International Health
Authors: Suyal Karan , Dhali Suraj , Ojha Abhijeet , Pant Navin Chandra 
Published: September 2022

Polyphenols are the beneficial chemicals that are found naturally in plants. Their importance came into light because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The risk of many diseases such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity have been reduced by eating the rich sources of polyphenolic foods. Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds which are obtained from plant products like in some fruits, vegetables, tea, dark chocolates and many others. It works as antioxidants, anti-cancer, gives nourishment to skin and increases collagen. Polyphenols are of various types like Flavonoids as kaempferol, Phenolic acid as lignans and polyphenolic amides. Onion, apple, tea, red wine, red grapes, grape juice, strawberry, raspberries, blueberries and certain nuts are the rich sources of polyphenols. They are secondary metabolites of plants. They give protection from ultraviolet radiations or from aggression by pathogens. They prevent our cells from damaging and also reduces the risk of various diseases like cancer, heart diseases (Cardial disorders) and diabetes. They also help in reducing inflammation (pain, redness, swelling, heat). Polyphenols also tend to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is important to understand the effect of polyphenols towards the international health and human diseases.
Keywords: Polyphenols, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, coronary disfunction, gut microflora, hypertension, Cellular structure.
A Machine Learning-based Model to Predict the Cap Geometry of Anatolian Seljuk Kümbets
Authors: Güzelci Orkan Zeynel 
Published: September 2022

The funerary structures known as kümbets emerged as a unique typology during the Anatolian Seljuk period (1077–1307). The term "kümbet" refers to a monumental tomb that has a tetrahedral, polyhedral, or conical cap. Although the majority of Anatolian Seljuk kümbets underwent renovation work in the 20th century, a lack of guidance and insufficient documentation has resulted in very few of them retaining their original characteristics. To support the decision-making processes of experts in future renovation work, this study introduces a machine learning (ML)-based model that predicts the cap geometry of kümbets through the use of section drawings. The model development process begins with the determination of the methods to be employed (Pix2Pix and SSIM). This is followed by data collection, data preparation and refinement, and the training of the machine learning model. Finally, there is testing and validation of the model. The results of both a two-step validation process and objective evaluations show that the ML-based model presented in this study has the potential to use section data to provide predictions of the cap geometries of kümbets.
An Assessment of the Impact of Relations with Major Powers on National Security: Nigeria in Perspective
Authors: Oluwagbire Olusola Kolawole 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Relations between states under the Westphalia system have been characterized either by power struggles or mutual benefits in all spheres, including politics and the military. It has been conjectured that the foreign policy objectives of major powers normally influence the national security of other states. Nigeria, a country in West Africa, is an example of such a state whose national security is believed to be influenced by its relations with the major powers. An assessment of the degree of such influence on Nigeria’s national security is the focus of this contribution. We point out that there is indeed such influence in areas such as balance of trade, military capacity, societal values and interference with Nigeria’s regional dominance.
The Origin of Some Military Terms
Authors: Enfedaque Cristina Sáiz , de Baños Carrillo Antonio Martínez 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of the Roman Empire on Great Britain was deep, and Latin was the commonly used lingua franca at that time. The terms used for some ranks, weapons, cities, and others in many cases have their etymological origin in Latin or old English, or their derivatives in Romance languages. In the military realm, the hierarchical chain of command is defined by ranks such as the word ‘officer.’ In the case of cities, it is possible to know the influence of Roman locations in Great Britain from their names, as in the example of ‘Chesterfield’. Some words come from acronyms of specifically English etymology, as in ‘radar’, while others represent the full meaning of an organization, hierarchy, and so on, such as the word ‘army’.
Multimodal approach in algorithm of instrumental examination of patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gorbatenko O. A. , Venidiktova D. Yu. , Borsukov A. V. 
Published: September 2022

Relevance. Currently, metabolic syndrome (MS) occurs in 20–30% of the population. The main age of patients is 20–65 years. The study of this syndrome is genetically determined, which indicates that insulin resistance is genetically determined. The obtained facts allowed us to consider MS as the principle of primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications. MTS affects such vital organs as kidneys, pancreas, etc. Since the topic of the development of CKD in patients with metabolic syndrome is acute, a qualitative diagnosis of this complication is necessary. To date, such a method is non-ionizing contrast-enhanced ultrasound, which is not nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic and can be used in patients with reduced renal function.Objective. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the multimodal approach in the algorithm of instrumental diagnostics of examination of patients with metabolic syndrome on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. A study of patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 240) was conducted in 2020–2022. When collecting and analyzing clinical and laboratory data, (n = 67) had metabolically associated fatty liver disease: 22 of them were women (32.8%), 45 men (67.2%), average age 51.0 ± 4.2. All patients were examined according to a single diagnostic algorithm, which included four stages. Stage 1. Examination of patients by specialists, including clinical and laboratory data, with the resolution of the conclusion (n = 67). Stage 2. Ultrasound of the liver with quantitative ultrasound steatometry with determination of the level of the attenuation coeffcient of the ultrasonic wave (n = 67). Stage 3. Conducting dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the ‘Whole body’ mode (with an assessment of the percentage of adipose tissue, abdominal obesity index) (n = 67). Stage 4. Conducting multiparametric ultrasound of the kidneys in B-mode and colour Doppler mapping (CDC) mode in patients with CKD, followed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (n = 14). The criteria for inclusion in the study are age over 18 years, metabolic syndrome.Conclusions. 1. The algorithm of examination of patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease may include extended ultrasound examination of the kidneys, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the kidneys as a safe and effective method of assessing chronic kidney disease. 2. Two-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ‘Whole body’ mode is a highly sensitive method in determining and monitoring the components of the metabolic syndrome. 3. A multimodal instrumental study of patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus makes it possible to identify possible complications at an early stage.
Fibronectin-1 is a dominant mechanism for rheumatoid arthritis via the mediation of synovial fibroblasts activity
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Yan , Liang Jingqi , Yang Xinquan , Liu Liang , Zhao Hongmou 
Published: September 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a high incidence and adverse effects on patients, thus posing a serious threat to people’s life and health. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the development of RA are still elusive. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the RA-associated molecular mechanisms using the scRNA-seq technique. We used the GEO database to obtain scRNA-seq datasets for synovial fibroblasts (SFs) from RA cases, and the genes were then analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and T-Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (TSNE) analyses. Bioinformatics evaluations were carried out for asserting the highly enriched signaling pathways linked to the marker genes, and the key genes related to RA initiation were further identified. According to the obtained results, 3 cell types (0, 1, and 2) were identified by TSNE and some marker genes were statistically upregulated in cell type 1 than the other cell types. These marker genes predominantly contributed to extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, collagen-harboring ECM, and ECM structural components, and identified as enriched with PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. Notably, fibronectin-1 (FN-1) has been identified as a critical gene that is strongly linked to the development of SFs and has enormous promise for regulating the onset of RA. Moreover, such an investigation offers novel perspectives within onset/progression of RA, suggesting that FN-1 may be a key therapeutic target for RA therapies.
Hydrogen reduction of spent lithium-ion battery cathode material for metal recovery: Mechanism and kinetics
Authors: Huang Zhu , Yu Dawei , Makuza Brian , Tian Qinghua , Guo Xueyi , Zhang Kun 
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen reduction is becoming a promising method for recycling lithium-ion battery cathode materials. However, the reaction mechanism and kinetics during hydrogen reduction are unclear, requiring further investigation. Therefore, non-isothermal and isothermal reduction experiments were conducted to evaluate the temperature dependence of the hydrogen reduction kinetics using simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis equipped with mass spectrometry. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the reduction products to understand the underlying reduction mechanisms. The hydrogen reduction profile could be divided into three main stages: decomposition of cathode materials, reduction of the resultant nickel and cobalt oxides, and reduction of LiMnO2 and residual nickel and cobalt oxides. The hydrogen reduction rate increased with increasing temperature, and 800°C was the optimum temperature for separating the magnetic Ni-Co alloy from the non-magnetic manganese oxide particles. The apparent activation energy for the isothermal tests in the range of 500–700°C was 84.86 kJ/mol, and the rate-controlling step was the inward diffusion of H2(g) within each particle. There was an downward progression of the reduction through the material bed for the isothermal tests in the range of 700–900°C, with an apparent activation energy of 51.82 kJ/mol.