bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genre effect on Google Translate–assisted L2 writing output quality
Authors: Alrajhi Assim S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates and compares the quality of Google-translated texts (GTTs) across writing genres (narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive) with EFL student–generated texts (SGTs), and explores students’ attitudes toward Google Translate (GT) output. In a mixed-methods design with a computational approach to text analysis, this study utilizes multiple data sources, including 328 written texts, written reflections, four attitude questionnaires, focus group discussion, and individual interviews. Forty-one Arabic-speaking undergraduate students majoring in English language and translation at a Saudi university participated in this study. They engaged in eight computer-mediated writing sessions by responding to tasks using English, then responding to the same tasks using their first language (L1). Subsequently, they utilized GT to translate L1 texts into English and compared SGTs with GTTs. The findings show that GTTs have higher literacy levels and richer content in the persuasive and expository genres, and higher style levels in the narrative and descriptive genres. Moreover, the comparison between SGTs and GTTs reveals that GTTs have higher literacy levels, better style, and richer content in the descriptive, expository, and persuasive genres. Meanwhile, the students hold positive views on the general quality, grammatical accuracy, and provision of lexical alternatives in GTTs across genres. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Expanding access to rectal spacers in the United Kingdom: an examination of current evidence and an early review of data from a single institution
Authors: Watts Isabella , Clifford Amy , Needleman Sarah , Roy Ashoke , Hartill Clare , Gore Alexandra , Prentice Mark 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy with rising incidence in Western countries such as the United Kingdom. In localised disease there are a variety of curative treatment modalities. Patients can be referred for surgery, or for a combination of hormonal therapies and radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy). Each treatment option comes with side effects and in the case of radiotherapy one potential complication is bowel toxicity from radiation exposure. New technologies are being developed to try and mitigate the side effects and long term morbidity of this treatment, and to expand access to radiotherapy for patients who may previously have been excluded (i.e those with inflammatory bowel disease). Rectal Spacers are absorbable polyethylene glycol hydrogels injected into the perirectal space. These position the anterior rectal wall away from the prostate, subsequently minimising radiation dose to the rectum. Rectal Spacers have been introduced to National Healthcare Service (NHS) practice as part of the Innovation and Technology Payment (ITP) programme, however, their use is now under review.

Methodology and Results:
In this editorial we conduct a narrative review of some of the available evidence for Rectal Spacers, discuss their utilization within the NHS and the barriers to their wider use. We also explore preliminary dosimetry and quality of life data for use of Rectal Spacers in our centre where we have been part of the NHS ITP programme. Dosimetry data and Quality of life questionnaires were gathered from 22 treated patients and 11 matched controls. This indicated lower radiation doses to the prostate in those treated with Rectal Spacers.

Conclusion:
Rectal Spacers are an effective method to reduce radiation dose to the prostate in men treated for localised prostate cancer, however, their use remains under review in the NHS and there are a variety of barriers to upscaling their use.
Response of hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata) to nitrogen, phosphorus, and competition from lettuce
Authors: DiTommaso Antonio , Mohler Charles L. , Westbrook Anna S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav.) is a troublesome weed in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and other low-growing crops. Many troublesome weed species are more responsive to fertilizer than major crops, and hence potentially more competitive under fertile conditions. This study examined the responses of G. quadriradiata and lettuce, in monoculture or competition with each other, to nitrogen and phosphorus. A greenhouse experiment assessed the biomass and flower production of G. quadriradiata grown in 16 nutrient treatments. The nutrient treatments were arranged in a phosphorus series, in which phosphorus varied, while nitrogen was either low or high, and a nitrogen series, in which nitrogen varied, while phosphorus was either low or high. A field experiment examined G. quadriradiata biomass, flower production, and competition with lettuce using the same nutrient treatments as the greenhouse experiment. Galinsoga quadriradiata dry biomass increased with phosphorus addition, especially when nitrogen was abundant. In the phosphorus series at high nitrogen, G. quadriradiata produced more biomass when competing with lettuce than in monoculture. Nutrient addition generally increased flower production per unit mass. Lettuce fresh biomass increased with phosphorus, but lettuce dry biomass was largely unaffected by fertility. Lettuce fresh and dry biomass were sometimes decreased by competition from G. quadriradiata, relative to intraspecific competition. We conclude that high phosphorus rates increase the productivity of G. quadriradiata and may increase its competitiveness. Therefore, high phosphorus rates should be avoided unless good weed control can be assured.
Increased Water Content in the Active Layer Revealed by Regional‐Scale InSAR and Independent Component Analysis on the Central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Tonghua , Liu Lin , Gong Wenyu , Zwieback Simon , Zou Defu , Zhu Xiaofan , Hu Guojie , Du Erji , Wu Xiaodong , Li Ren , Yang Sizhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIsolating seasonal deformation from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time‐series is critical to quantitative understanding the freeze‐thaw processes in permafrost regions. Physics‐ or statistics‐based approaches have been developed to extract seasonal deformation, yet both constraining their evolution in time domain, and thus impeded the quantification of their amplitude variability especially over large scales. By applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) on Sentinel‐1 InSAR measurements during 2015–2019 on the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, we reveal that the averaged seasonal deformation is increasing with a linear trend of around 0.17 cm/year. The growing seasonal amplitude is attributed to an 8 cm increase of the Equivalent Water Thickness in the active layer. The results demonstrate the capability of ICA‐based decomposition on isolating freeze‐thaw‐related deformation from other components. The large‐scale spatial distribution of varied seasonal deformation can provide new insight into quantifying the water mass balance in vast permafrost regions.
Mooring Measurements of Anadyr Current Nitrate, Phosphate, and Silicate Enable Updated Bering Strait Nutrient Flux Estimates
Authors: Hennon Tyler D. , Danielson Seth L. , Woodgate Rebecca A. , Irving Brita , Stockwell Dean A. , Mordy Calvin W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn situ nutrient concentration data and salinity‐nutrient parameterizations established at Anadyr Strait from June 2017 to June 2018 are used to estimate monthly Pacific‐to‐Arctic fluxes of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate through Bering Strait over 1997–2019. In most months our estimates rely on measurements made from mooring‐based sensors and whole water samples, while over May–August the basis is shipboard hydrography. We find annually averaged Bering Strait fluxes of 16 ± 6, 1.5 ± 0.5, and 30 ± 11 kmol/s for nitrate, phosphate, and silicate, respectively, with inter‐annual variability ±30% of the mean. Maximum fluxes occur in April, exceeding the annual average by ∼50%, while minimum fluxes occur in December. Annually averaged fluxes estimated here are ∼50% higher than previous estimates. Significant (p < 0.05) increasing trends in phosphate and silicate fluxes are found over 1998–2018, but not nitrate. However, it is unclear if these trend results are due to differences in draw‐down or limitations of the salinity‐nutrient parameterizations.
Ambient Noise Attenuation Tomography Reveals an Asymmetric Damage Zone Across San Jacinto Fault Near Anza, California
Authors: Liu Xin , Beroza Gregory C. , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe perform seismic attenuation tomography of the shallow structure for the San Jacinto Fault in the Ramona Reservation of southern California. The study uses ambient seismic noise recorded by a linear array of 65 3‐C sensors across the fault. We extract amplitude decay information, with uncertainty, from noise interferometry functions. To account for strong heterogeneities in the complex shallow fault zone structure, we apply a frequency‐dependent amplitude correction for focusing/defocusing effects using inverted phase velocity maps obtained by solving the transport equation. We then estimate the attenuation structure based on the linear station‐triplet method for both Love and Rayleigh waves. The attenuation tomography indicates strong attenuation correlated with known San Jacinto Fault surface traces. The Love wave attenuation tomography reveals an asymmetric damage zone that exists primarily on the fault side with faster seismic velocity, consistent with earthquake ruptures on a fault bimaterial interface with preferred propagation direction to the northwest.
Identification of heptapeptides targeting a lethal bacterial strain in septic mice through an integrative approach
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Shan , Luo Haihua , He Shuyue , Yang Huangda , Li Lei , Tian Tian , Han Qizheng , Ye Jiacong , Huang Chenyang , Liu Aihua , Jiang Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEffectively killing pathogenic bacteria is key for the treatment of sepsis. Although various anti-infective drugs have been used for the treatment of sepsis, the therapeutic effect is largely limited by the lack of a specific bacterium-targeting delivery system. This study aimed to develop antibacterial peptides that specifically target pathogenic bacteria for the treatment of sepsis. The lethal bacterial strainEscherichia coli MSI001was isolated from mice of a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and was used as a target to screen bacterial binding heptapeptides through an integrative bioinformatics approach based on phage display technology and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Heptapeptides binding to E. coliMSI001with high affinity were acquired after normalization by the heptapeptide frequency of the library. A representative heptapeptide VTKLGSL (VTK) was selected for fusion with the antibacterial peptide LL-37 to construct the specific-targeting antibacterial peptide VTK-LL37. We found that, in comparison with LL37, VTK-LL37 showed prominent bacteriostatic activity and an inhibitive effect on biofilm formation in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that VTK-LL37 significantly inhibited bacterial growth, reduced HMGB1 expression, alleviated lesions of vital organs and improved the survival of mice subjected to CLP modeling. Furthermore, membrane DEGP and DEGQ were identified as VTK-binding proteins by proteomic methods. This study provides a novel strategy for targeted pathogen killing, which is helpful for the treatment of sepsis in the era of precise medicine.
A novel nonsense variant in ARID1B causing simultaneous RNA decay and exon skipping is associated with Coffin-Siris syndrome
Authors: Sofronova Viktoriia , Fukushima Yu , Masuno Mitsuo , Naka Mami , Nagata Miho , Ishihara Yasuki , Miyashita Yohei , Asano Yoshihiro , Moriwaki Takahito , Iwata Rina , Terawaki Seigo , Yamanouchi Yasuko , Otomo Takanobu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a congenital disorder that is characterized by an absent/hypoplastic fifth distal phalanx, psychomotor developmental delay, and coarse facial features. One of the causative genes, ARID1B (AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B), encodes components of the BAF chromatin remodeling complexes. Here, we report a case of a 3-year 8-month-old male with a novel nonsense variant (NM_001374820.1:c.4282C > T, p.(Gln1428*)) in the ARID1B gene, which was identified with whole-exome sequencing. He showed clinical symptoms of cleft soft palate, distinctive facial features (flat nasal bridge, thick eyebrows, and long eyelashes), right cryptorchidism, and hypertrichosis that partially overlapped with CSS. One of the most characteristic features of CSS is absent/hypoplastic fifth distal phalanx. He showed no obvious clinical finding in the lengths of his fingers or in the formation of his fingernails. However, radiographic analyses of the metacarpophalangeal bones revealed shortening of all the distal phalanges and fifth middle phalanges, suggesting brachydactyly. We performed mRNA analyses and revealed that both nonsense-mediated decay and nonsense-associated altered splicing were simultaneously caused by the c.4282C > T nonsense variant. The proband’s clinical manifestations fit the previously reported criteria of disease for CSS or intellectual disability with ARID1B variant. Altogether, we suggest that c.4282C > T is a pathogenic variant that causes this clinical phenotype.
Noise correlations in neural ensemble activity limit the accuracy of hippocampal spatial representations
Authors: Hazon Omer , Minces Victor H. , Tomàs David P. , Ganguli Surya , Schnitzer Mark J. , Jercog Pablo E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeurons in the CA1 area of the mouse hippocampus encode the position of the animal in an environment. However, given the variability in individual neurons responses, the accuracy of this code is still poorly understood. It was proposed that downstream areas could achieve high spatial accuracy by integrating the activity of thousands of neurons, but theoretical studies point to shared fluctuations in the firing rate as a potential limitation. Using high-throughput calcium imaging in freely moving mice, we demonstrated the limiting factors in the accuracy of the CA1 spatial code. We found that noise correlations in the hippocampus bound the estimation error of spatial coding to ~10 cm (the size of a mouse). Maximal accuracy was obtained using approximately [300–1400] neurons, depending on the animal. These findings reveal intrinsic limits in the brain’s representations of space and suggest that single neurons downstream of the hippocampus can extract maximal spatial information from several hundred inputs.
Length-dependent motions of SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting RNA pseudoknot and alternative conformations suggest avenues for frameshifting suppression
Authors: Yan Shuting , Zhu Qiyao , Jain Swati , Schlick Tamar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting element (FSE), a highly conserved mRNA region required for correct translation of viral polyproteins, defines an excellent therapeutic target against Covid-19. As discovered by our prior graph-theory analysis with SHAPE experiments, the FSE adopts a heterogeneous, length-dependent conformational landscape consisting of an assumed 3-stem H-type pseudoknot (graph motif 3_6), and two alternative motifs (3_3 and 3_5). Here, for the first time, we build and simulate, by microsecond molecular dynamics, 30 models for all three motifs plus motif-stabilizing mutants at different lengths. Our 3_6 pseudoknot systems, which agree with experimental structures, reveal interconvertible L and linear conformations likely related to ribosomal pausing and frameshifting. The 3_6 mutant inhibits this transformation and could hamper frameshifting. Our 3_3 systems exhibit length-dependent stem interactions that point to a potential transition pathway connecting the three motifs during ribosomal elongation. Together, our observations provide new insights into frameshifting mechanisms and anti-viral strategies.
Dysfunctional ERG signaling drives pulmonary vascular aging and persistent fibrosis
Authors: Caporarello Nunzia , Lee Jisu , Pham Tho X. , Jones Dakota L. , Guan Jiazhen , Link Patrick A. , Meridew Jeffrey A. , Marden Grace , Yamashita Takashi , Osborne Collin A. , Bhagwate Aditya V. , Huang Steven K. , Nicosia Roberto F. , Tschumperlin Daniel J. , Trojanowska Maria , Ligresti Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVascular dysfunction is a hallmark of chronic diseases in elderly. The contribution of the vasculature to lung repair and fibrosis is not fully understood. Here, we performed an epigenetic and transcriptional analysis of lung endothelial cells (ECs) from young and aged mice during the resolution or progression of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We identified the transcription factor ETS-related gene (ERG) as putative orchestrator of lung capillary homeostasis and repair, and whose function is dysregulated in aging. ERG dysregulation is associated with reduced chromatin accessibility and maladaptive transcriptional responses to injury. Loss of endothelial ERG enhances paracrine fibroblast activation in vitro, and impairs lung fibrosis resolution in young mice in vivo. scRNA-seq of ERG deficient mouse lungs reveales transcriptional and fibrogenic abnormalities resembling those associated with aging and human lung fibrosis, including reduced number of general capillary (gCap) ECs. Our findings demonstrate that lung endothelial chromatin remodeling deteriorates with aging leading to abnormal transcription, vascular dysrepair, and persistent fibrosis following injury.
Limited influence of irrigation on pre-monsoon heat stress in the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Authors: Jha Roshan , Mondal Arpita , Devanand Anjana , Roxy M. K. , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHot extremes are anticipated to be more frequent and more intense under climate change, making the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India, with a 400 million population, vulnerable to heat stress. Recent studies suggest that irrigation has significant cooling and moistening effects over this region. While large-scale irrigation is prevalent in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the two major cropping seasons, Kharif (Jun-Sep) and Rabi (Nov-Feb), hot extremes are reported in the pre-monsoon months (Apr-May) when irrigation activities are minimal. Here, using observed irrigation data and regional climate model simulations, we show that irrigation effects on heat stress during pre-monsoon are 4.9 times overestimated with model-simulated irrigation as prescribed in previous studies. We find that irrigation increases relative humidity by only 2.5%, indicating that irrigation is a non-crucial factor enhancing the moist heat stress. On the other hand, we detect causal effects of aerosol abundance on the daytime land surface temperature. Our study highlights the need to consider actual irrigation data in testing model-driven hypotheses related to the land-atmosphere feedback driven by human water management.
Light-activated mitochondrial fission through optogenetic control of mitochondria-lysosome contacts
Authors: Qiu Kangqiang , Zou Weiwei , Fang Hongbao , Hao Mingang , Mehta Kritika , Tian Zhiqi , Guan Jun-Lin , Zhang Kai , Huang Taosheng , Diao Jiajie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose fragmentation by fission is critical to their functional integrity and cellular homeostasis. Here, we develop a method via optogenetic control of mitochondria–lysosome contacts (MLCs) to induce mitochondrial fission with spatiotemporal accuracy. MLCs can be achieved by blue-light-induced association of mitochondria and lysosomes through various photoactivatable dimerizers. Real-time optogenetic induction of mitochondrial fission is tracked in living cells to measure the fission rate. The optogenetic method partially restores the mitochondrial functions of SLC25A46−/− cells, which display defects in mitochondrial fission and hyperfused mitochondria. The optogenetic MLCs system thus provides a platform for studying mitochondrial fission and treating mitochondrial diseases.
A facile way to construct sensor array library via supramolecular chemistry for discriminating complex systems
Authors: Tian Jia-Hong , Hu Xin-Yue , Hu Zong-Ying , Tian Han-Wen , Li Juan-Juan , Pan Yu-Chen , Li Hua-Bin , Guo Dong-Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifferential sensing, which discriminates analytes via pattern recognition by sensor arrays, plays an important role in our understanding of many chemical and biological systems. However, it remains challenging to develop new methods to build a sensor unit library without incurring a high workload of synthesis. Herein, we propose a supramolecular approach to construct a sensor unit library by taking full advantage of recognition and assembly. Ten sensor arrays are developed by replacing the building block combinations, adjusting the ratio between system components, and changing the environment. Using proteins as model analytes, we examine the discriminative abilities of these supramolecular sensor arrays. Then the practical applicability for discriminating complex analytes is further demonstrated using honey as an example. This sensor array construction strategy is simple, tunable, and capable of developing many sensor units with as few syntheses as possible.
The RalGAPα1–RalA signal module protects cardiac function through regulating calcium homeostasis
Authors: Zhu Sangsang , Quan Chao , Wang Ruizhen , Liang Derong , Su Shu , Rong Ping , Zhou Kun , Yang Xinyu , Chen Qiaoli , Li Min , Du Qian , Zhang Jingzi , Fang Lei , Wang Hong-Yu , Chen Shuai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase SERCA2 mediates calcium re-uptake from the cytosol into sarcoplasmic reticulum, and its dysfunction is a hallmark of heart failure. Multiple factors have been identified to modulate SERCA2 activity, however, its regulation is still not fully understood. Here we identify a Ral-GTPase activating protein RalGAPα1 as a critical regulator of SERCA2 in cardiomyocytes through its downstream target RalA. RalGAPα1 is induced by pressure overload, and its deficiency causes cardiac dysfunction and exacerbates pressure overload-induced heart failure. Mechanistically, RalGAPα1 regulates SERCA2 through direct interaction and its target RalA. Deletion of RalGAPα1 decreases SERCA2 activity and prolongs calcium re-uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum. GDP-bound RalA, but not GTP-bound RalA, binds to SERCA2 and activates the pump for sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium re-uptake. Overexpression of a GDP-bound RalAS28N mutant in the heart preserves cardiac function in a mouse model of heart failure. Our findings have therapeutic implications for treatment of heart failure.