bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Neck Pain Intensity and the Presence of Psychosocial Factors Are More Likely When Headache is Present after a Whiplash Injury: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Anarte-Lazo Ernesto , Bernal-Utrera Carlos , Montaño-Ocaña Juan , Falla Deborah , Rodriguez-Blanco Cleofas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Several factors such as neck pain intensity, disability, anxiety, depression, female sex, or a previous history of headache are associated with post-whiplash headache. However, the possible role of psychosocial factors contributing to the presence of headache or worsening of headache after a whiplash trauma remains unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, there is the need to assess psychosocial factors concerning headache shortly after a whiplash injury.

Objective
To evaluate psychological features, pain and disability in people with acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and compare these features between those with and without headache.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
A secondary care traumatology center.

Methods
Forty-seven people with acute WAD were recruited; 28 with headache, and 19 without. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck pain intensity, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Results
Neck pain intensity (P &lt; .001), neck disability (P &lt; 0.001), pain catastrophizing (P &lt; .001), kinesiophobia (P &lt; .001), and anxiety state (P = .007) and trait (P = .05) were higher in those with headache when compared to those without. In addition, high levels of neck pain (P = .025), moderate levels of neck disability (P &lt; .001), moderate levels of pain catastrophizing (P = .015), and moderate (P = .002) and severe (P = .016) levels of kinesiophobia were related to the presence of headache.

Conclusions
The level of neck pain intensity and disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and anxiety were all greater in people with acute WAD who presented with a headache compared to those without headache.
The Quality and Efficiency of Public and Private Firms: Evidence from Ambulance Services
Authors: Knutsson Daniel , Tyrefors Björn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Economic theory predicts that outsourcing public services to private firms reduces costs, but the effect on quality is ambiguous. We explore quality differences between publicly and privately owned ambulances in Stockholm County, Sweden, a setting where patients are as good as randomly assigned to ambulances with different ownership status. We find that private ambulances reduce costs and perform better on contracted measures such as response time, but perform worse on noncontracted measures such as mortality. In fact, a patient has a 1.4% higher risk of death within three years if a private ambulance is dispatched (in aggregate, 420 more deaths each year). We also present evidence of the mechanism at work, suggesting that private firms cut costs at the expense of ambulance staff quality.
Modeling Pulsed Evolution and Time-Independent Variation Improves the Confidence Level of Ancestral and Hidden State Predictions
Authors: Gao Yingnan , Wu Martin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ancestral state reconstruction is not only a fundamental tool for studying trait evolution, but also very useful for predicting the unknown trait values (hidden states) of extant species. A well-known problem in ancestral and hidden state predictions is that the uncertainty associated with predictions can be so large that predictions themselves are of little use. Therefore, for meaningful interpretation of predicted traits and hypothesis testing, it is prudent to accurately assess the uncertainty of the predictions. Commonly used constant-rate Brownian motion (BM) model fails to capture the complexity of tempo and mode of trait evolution in nature, making predictions under the BM model vulnerable to lack-of-fit errors from model misspecification. Using empirical data (mammalian body size and bacterial genome size), we show that the distribution of residual Z-scores under the BM model is neither homoscedastic nor normal as expected. Consequently, the 95% confidence intervals of predicted traits are so unreliable that the actual coverage probability ranges from 33% (strongly permissive) to 100% (strongly conservative). Alternative methods such as BayesTraits and StableTraits that allow variable rates in evolution improve the predictions but are computationally expensive. Here, we develop Reconstructing Ancestral State under Pulsed Evolution in R by Gaussian Decomposition (RasperGade), a method of ancestral and hidden state prediction that uses the Levy process to explicitly model gradual evolution, pulsed evolution, and time-independent variation. Using the same empirical data, we show that RasperGade outperforms both BayesTraits and StableTraits in providing reliable confidence estimates and is orders-of-magnitude faster. Our results suggest that, when predicting the ancestral and hidden states of continuous traits, the rate variation should always be assessed and the quality of confidence estimates should always be examined. [Bacterial genomic traits; model misspecification; trait evolution.]
Evidence-Based Prevention and Management of Pressure Injuries in Home Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Karadağ Ayişe , Çakar Vildan 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the presence of evidence-based practice protocols for the prevention and management of pressure injuries (PIs) in home care settings, whether the contents of existing protocols were based on current evidence, and adherence to these protocols.

DATA SOURCES
Comprehensive and structured literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database.

STUDY SELECTION
A literature search retrieved 2,929 articles. Investigators evaluated the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles retrieved from the literature search in accordance with the review questions and eligibility criteria. The authors included four studies in this scoping review.

DATA EXTRACTION
The researchers extracted details of the full-text articles, including author(s)/year of publication/country, aim(s), study population and sample size, study design, intervention type, outcomes, and key findings.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The four articles included in this scoping review are descriptive cross-sectional studies published between 2005 and 2010. Although the articles provided significant data on the quality of practices for the prevention and management of PIs in home care, no studies reported on the achievement of objective results.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of protocols for the prevention and management of PIs, including evidence-based interventions in home care, and adherence to existing protocols were low. Comprehensive observational and randomized controlled studies are necessary to improve evidence-based prevention and management of PIs in home care settings.
Using Augmented Reality for Intraoperative Guidance During Sacral Neuromodulation System Implantation
Authors: Freidin Dor , Zilka Nadav , Horesh Nir , Saukhat Olga , Ram Edward , Tejman-Yarden Shai 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using augmented reality during lead placement for sacral nerve stimulation (SNS).

Methods:
The study was a prospective case series performed in a single tertiary center. Patients with fecal incontinence or urinary retention eligible for SNS according to the American society of colon and rectal surgeon’s guidelines were included. Each patient underwent a computerized tomography scan of the sacrum and pelvic floor before surgery; and a segmentation of the sacral bone, the skin, and three fiducial markers on the lower back was produced. Surgical planning included the design of an ideal virtual transmission tract leading to the S3 foramen using the most suitable location and needle trajectory for introducing the lead. During the surgical intervention, a needle was inserted into the S3 foramen using the aligned tract as visualized using the Microsoft HoloLens first generation head mounted unit.

Results:
Overall, 11 patients were included. Mean operative time was 43.8 minutes (range 25–81 minutes). All patients reported a significant reduction from the preoperative level of the mean postoperative Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) assessed 2 weeks after the temporary SNS implant (CCIS preoperative 13.3, postoperative 8.5; CI –7.35 to –2.25; P < 0.01). The surgeons reported the imaging useful, allowing accurate and easier approach.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative augmented reality imaging for needle application during SNS appears to be feasible, practical, and may be useful in additional procedures.
Three-Dimensional Morphology and Configuration Analyses of the Craniovertebral Junction in Children with Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Xu Xi , Chen Xin , Zhao Shan-ba-ga , Jin Jing-Lu , Tang Xiao-Jun , Yin Lin , Liu Wei , Li Chuan , Feng Shi , Zhang Zhi-Yong 
Published: February 2022

Study Design.
Observational and morphological study with three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) analysis.

Objective.
To discover the morphology and configuration deformities of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and upper cervical spine in children with unilateral hemifacial microsomia (HFM). To determine whether there are specific HFM patients who are at higher risk of certain cervical vertebral anomaly.

Summary of Background Data.
The evaluation for cervical vertebrae anomaly in HFM children, especially in CVJ region, is underreported.

Methods.
Eighty-eight unilateral HFM children (64 males, 24 females) with four Pruzansky-Kaban types (I, Ila, Ilb, and III) underwent cranial and cervical CT scanning from skull to C5 in neutral position. The 3D morphology and configuration of the occipital condyle, atlas, and axis, etc. were evaluated on the presence of deformed detailed structures of CVJ region.

Results.
No C1 deformation was found in type I group. Six (14.3%) type Ila cases, seven (33.3%) type IIb cases, and six (37.5%) type Ill cases had lateral masses asymmetry of C1 (P
< 0.05). Five (55.6%) type I cases, 17 (40.5%) type Ila cases, 12 (57.1%) type Ilb cases, and 10 (62.5%) type Ill cases had C2 anomaly (P > 0.05). The incidence rate of C1–C2 instability for four groups were 33.3% (type I), 33.3% (type IIa), 33.3% (type IIb), and 31.3% (type Ill), respectively (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
For HFM children, the incidence of C1 deformation increased from type I to type Ill. The probability of C2 anomaly and C1–C2 instability in children with different types of HFM is nearly the same. The craniovertebral junction of every HFM child must be monitored carefully for C1–C2 instability before any surgical procedure to avoid atlantoaxial dislocation and spinal cord injury.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Comprehensive profiling of Lingzhihuang capsule by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based molecular networking and target prediction
Authors: Huang Mengliang , Yu Sijia , Shao Qing , Liu Hao , Wang Yingchao , Chen Hongzhang , Huang Yansheng , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Lingzhihuang capsule (LZHC) is a natural product that consists of 10 commonly used medicinal plants, and it is used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote people's overall health. Previously, LZHC was successfully used as adjuvant therapy for treating patients with cancer. However, the chemical constituents of LZHC and their potential biological functions remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the major bioactive compounds in LZHC and predict their pharmacological targets.

Methods:
The LZHC constituents were putatively identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry-based molecular networking. The targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction software, and the associated gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The mass spectrometry-based molecular network and compound-target-pathway network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.

Results:
We putatively identified 94 compounds of LZHC by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking, including triterpene (the main structural type) and other clusters (ie, flavonoids and organic acids). Our results suggested that multiple pivotal targets were regulated by LZHC, including tumor necrosis factor, nitric oxide synthase 2, glucocorticoid receptor, estrogen receptor, 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2, prostaglandin e2 receptor ep4 subtype, estrogen receptor beta, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, and rac-alpha serine, which are related to signal transduction, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, oxidation-reduction processes, inflammatory responses, and other biological processes. Functional annotation of those targets suggested that several signaling pathways may be regulated by LZHC, such as cancer-related proteoglycans, the PI3K-Akt-signaling pathway, and the cAMP-signaling pathway.

Conclusions:
Our findings reveal the chemical constituents of LZHC and provided scientific support for the efficacy of LZHC in terms of immune regulation, anti-aging, and tumor suppression.
Relationship Between COVID-19 Lockdown and Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Dutta Sourabh , Kumar Praveen , Paulpandian Rajarajan , Sajan Saini Shiv , Sreenivasan Priya , Mukhopadhyay Kanya , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Kumar Jogender , Ray Pallab 
Published: February 2022

Background:We compared the hospital-based epidemiology of neonatal sepsis after the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown (LD) versus historical epochs and the LD period versus phases of unlocking.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a level 3 neonatal unit. We compared neonates born in three 24-week periods—GroupLD: 22 March 2020 to 5 September 2020—the reference group, Grouppre-LD: 29 September 2019 to 14 March 2020 and Group temporally corresponding to LD in 2019 (corres-LD): 24 March 2019 to 7 September 2019. We also studied linear trends from LD phase 1.0 until Unlock 4.0. The key outcome was culture-positive sepsis.Results:There were 1622, 2744 and 2700 subjects in groupsLD,pre-LDandcorres-LD, respectively. The incidence of any culture-positive sepsis inpre-LDwas higher thanLD[odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.61 (1.02–2.56)]. This was mainly due to a statistically significant reduction inAcinetobacter baumanniisepsis, with incidence rate differences ofpre-LDversusLD[0.67 (95% CI: 0.37–0.97),P= 0.0001] andcorres-LDversusLD[0.40 (95% CI: 0.16–0.64),P= 0.0024]. Groupspre-LDandcorres-LDhad higher proportion of multi-drug resistant (MDR)/extreme drug resistance/pan drug resistance sepsis thanLD[77%, 77% and 44%, respectively (Pvalues of both groups vs.LD= 0.01)]. From LD 1.0 to unlock 4.0, there were fewer episodes of MDR sepsis (Plinear trends= 0.047). On multivariable analysis, grouppre-LD(vs. reference groupLD), male sex, birth weight and Apgar score independently predicted culture-positive sepsis.Conclusions:LD favorably impacted the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in a hospital setting, with lessA. baumanniiand MDR sepsis, which persisted during unlocking.
A Qualitative Study on the Social Determinants of HIV Treatment Engagement Among Black Older Women Living With HIV in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Ojukwu Emmanuela , Cianelli Rosina , Villegas Rodriguez Natalia , De Oliveira Giovanna , Kalu Vivian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Black older women living with HIV (BOWLH) in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV infection and poor treatment engagement rates, often caused by multiple social determinants of health. In this descriptive qualitative study, we interviewed 17 BOWLH to investigate the facilitators and barriers to HIV treatment engagement. Data were analyzed using the socioecological framework. Findings demonstrate the positive influences of supportive social networks, perceived benefits, HIV-related knowledge, raising HIV awareness in communities, and impact of HIV state laws. The highlighted barriers were mainly low income, substance use, HIV-related stigma, influence of stereotypes and assumptions about older women living with HIV, and health insurance. Religion, managing comorbidities, attitude toward, HIV disclosure, and caregiving roles had both positive and negative influences on engagement. These findings illuminate factors of HIV treatment engagement that might be culturally founded; disseminating these factors to health care professionals is a critical intervention to support this population.
Larger Volume and Higher Fat Content of the Pancreatic Head Are Predictive Factors for Postendoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Authors: Shintani Shuhei , Inatomi Osamu , Bamba Shigeki , Takeda Yoshiya , Fujimoto Takehide , Ota Shinichi , Tsuji Yoshihisa , Kutsumi Hiromu , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Andoh Akira 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
Acute pancreatitis is the most critical complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this study, we investigated the association between the volume/fat content of the pancreatic head and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 157 patients who underwent ERCP. The volume and fat content of the pancreas were calculated by multislice computed tomographic imaging by using a volume analyzer. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for PEP.

Results
The mean volumes of the whole pancreas and pancreatic head were significantly larger, and the fat content of the pancreatic head was significantly higher in the PEP group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the mean volume and fat content of the pancreatic body and tail in the PEP group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pancreatic guidewire placement (odds ratio [OR], 12.4; P < 0.01), pancreatic head volume (OR, 5.3; P < 0.01), and the pancreatic head fat content (OR, 4.8; P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for PEP.

Conclusions
The pancreatic head volume and fat content were independent predicting factors of PEP. Quantitative assessment of the pancreas may contribute to the prediction of PEP onset.
Can We Predict Dissociative Experiences Based on Inner Speech in Nonclinical Population by Mediating Role of Sleep Disturbance?
Authors: Nooripour Roghieh , Mazloomzadeh Mohammadreza , Shirkhani Milad , Ghanbari Nikzad , Var Tabassom Saeid Par , Hosseini Seyed Ruhollah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dissociative experiences include various experiences and behaviors that can cause people to feel disturbed and disconnected from reality. Individuals with dissociative experiences may exhibit various symptoms, particularly in their inner speech. The present study examined how we can predict dissociative experiences based on inner speech in nonclinical populations by mediating the role of sleep disturbance. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from university students aged 18 to 40 years (N = 400). They were asked to complete online self-report questionnaires: Varieties of the Inner Speech Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results showed that there was a relationship between dissociative experiences and sleep disturbance (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), dialogic inner speech (r = 0.39, p < 0.001), condensed inner speech (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), other people's inner speech (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), evaluative/motivational inner speech (r = 0.28, p < 0.001), and total inner speech score (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Thus, the current study showed a significant relationship among inner speech, dissociative experiences, and sleep disturbances. Inner speech was found to predict dissociative experiences by mediating sleep disturbances in the nonclinical population. Individuals with strong dissociative experiences had high scores for inner speech and sleep disturbance. The present study highlights a new area of research and its relationship to inner speech and dissociation. Future studies could further explore this new area to validate the findings reported here and support the authors' theoretical interpretation.
Incidental Pathologic Findings in Young Men with Gynecomastia
Authors: Maroney Jenna C. , Dannheim Katelyn , Hollowell Monica L. , Labow Brian I. , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Pathologic examination of young adult gynecomastia tissue is controversial given the low incidence of breast carcinoma in this population. The authors examined the pathologic findings in a large cohort of adolescents with gynecomastia to evaluate the need for routine tissue analysis in this population.

Methods:
A retrospective review of men who underwent unilateral or bilateral mastectomy for gynecomastia at a single institution between February of 2007 and November of 2019 identified demographics, medical history, surgical characteristics, and pathologic findings. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results:
A total of 268 male patients were included. Mean age was 16.6 years. Mean body mass index was 27.8 kg/m2, and 42.5 percent of the sample was obese. The majority (83.2 percent) underwent bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy. There were no abnormal histopathologic findings in 95.1 percent. Among the 13 patients with abnormalities, eight (3 percent) had nonproliferative changes, two (0.8 percent) had proliferative changes without atypia, two (0.8 percent) had atypical ductal hyperplasia, and one (0.4 percent) had both bilateral atypical ductal hyperplasia and unilateral ductal carcinoma in situ. No patients had invasive carcinoma. The three patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia and/or ductal carcinoma in situ were obese but had no other breast cancer or gynecomastia risk factors.

Conclusions:
Findings conferring potentially increased risk of developing breast cancer were identified in three male adolescents (1.2 percent). Incidence of these findings is similar between male adolescents and similarly aged female adolescents undergoing breast reduction surgery. Although worrisome pathology results are rare, too little is known about the natural history of atypical proliferation and ductal carcinoma in situ in young men to recommend against routine analysis.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, IV.