bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of pre-straining on mechanical properties of HSLA steel by using ball indentation technique
Authors: Das Goutam , Ghosh Sabita , Sahay S. K. , Ranganath V. R. , Vaze K. K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ball indentation technique has been employed to explore the possibilities for revealing the effect of pre-strain on mechanical properties of two groups of high-strength low-alloy steels. These steels were pre-strained up to 5%. Results are presented here for 1, 3, 4, and 5% of pre-strain effect on these steels. The dependence of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, strength coefficient, strain-hardening component and true stress–strain curves on pre-straining effect are available from the ball indentation test, and they are validated with the standard mechanical test results. It is found that the increment of the pre-straining effect results in an increment of the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength values, while strength coefficient and strain-hardening component values are decreased. The existence of Lüders bands in the conventional stress–strain curves is also revealed in ball indentation test by the presence of the Lüders strain surrounding the indentation profile. In the conventional test it is found that the amount of Lüders bands is decreasing with increasing pre-strain. Similarly, Lüders strain as well as pile-up/sink-in of materials surrounding the indentation decrease as the pre-straining increases. It is found that ball indentation technique can be effectively used to determine the minute changes of mechanical properties due to introducing small amount of pre-straining.
Mathematical modeling of point kinetic equations with temperature feedback for reactivity transient analysis in MTR
Authors: Girgis Selim Hala Kamal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The behavior of the nuclear reactor in response to any sudden change in reactivity is very important for reactor control. Positive reactivity insertions causes power excursion and could have a destructive impact on the reactor core. The aim of the study is to investigate the safety features of a material test reactor (MTR) during reactivity transient with emphasis on the capability of the mathematical modeling using programming language. Therefore a mathematical model using Python3.6; high-level programming language is developed to solve the point kinetic equations taking into account Doppler and moderator feedback effects. The model is validated with AIREKMOD_RR; point kinetic computer code for reactivity transient analysis in nuclear research reactors. The results of the Python model demonstrate the inherent safety features of the MTR reactor. Also, there is good agreement between the results of the Python model and AIREKMOD_RR code, illustrating the efficiency of the Python model in simulating the behavior of the reactor core under reactivity transient.
An enhanced formalism for the inverse reactor kinetics problem
Authors: Zarei Mohamad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The inverse kinetics problem in reactor physics is a standard formalism to unfold reactivity on the basis of registered power (flux) profile. The classical inverse point kinetics framework has been retrofitted herein to comprise thermal reactivity feedback effects. The instantaneous fuel and coolant temperatures are thus computed by way of the exponential time-differencing scheme and the corresponding thermal reactivity feedback is plugged into the inverse kinetics module. The core external reactivity is therefore unfolded employing only two consecutive time-steps of the power (flux) profile. A history independent yet straightforward numerical routine is accrued enjoying noticeable robustness with regards to the time-step resolution.
The establishment of analysis methodology of NRCDose3 for Kuosheng nuclear power plant decommissioning
Authors: Hsu Wen-Sheng , Chen Shao-Shuan , Wang Jong-Rong , Yang Jung-Hua , Chen Shao-Wen , Shih Chunkuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research, the analysis methodology for Kuosheng BWR/6 nuclear power plant (NPP) decommissioning is established by using NRCDose3 code. NRCDose3 code includes XOQDOQ, GASPAR II, and LADTAP II programs that can assess atmospheric dispersion factor, gaseous radioactive effluents and offsite doses, and liquid radioactive releases and offsite doses, respectively. Therefore, this analysis methodology of NRCDose3 assesses the offsite doses of the gaseous radioactive effluents and liquid radioactive releases for Kuosheng NPP decommissioning. According to the analysis results, the results of NRCDose3 are consistent with Kuosheng NPP data.
Stratifying workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and construct validity of the Norwegian Keele STarT MSK tool
Authors: Rysstad Tarjei , Grotle Margreth , Aasdahl Lene , Hill Jonathan C. , Dunn Kate M. , Tingulstad Alexander , Tveter Anne Therese 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Stratified care using prognostic models to estimate the risk profiles of patients has been increasing. A refined version of the popular STarT Back tool, the Keele STarT MSK tool, is a newly developed model for matched treatment across a wide range of musculoskeletal pain presentations. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Keele STarT MSK tool into Norwegian, examine its construct validity and assess the representativeness of the included sample.

Methods
The Keele STarT MSK tool was formally translated into Norwegian following a multistep approach of forward and backward translation. A pre-final version was tested in 42 patients. Minor changes were implemented. To assess its construct validity, an online survey was conducted among workers aged 18–67 years who were on sick leave (>4 weeks) due to musculoskeletal disorders. Construct validity was evaluated in terms of convergent and discriminant validity using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and known-group validity by comparing risk subgroups as suggested by the COSMIN checklist. The representativeness of the sample was assessed by comparing demographic and sick leave information of participants to eligible non-participants (n=168,137).

Results
A representative sample of 549 workers participated in the validity assessment; 74 participants (13.5%) were categorised as low risk, 314 (57.2%) as medium risk and 161 (29.3%) as high risk. The construct validity was found sufficient, with 90.9% and 75.0% of the pre-defined hypotheses confirmed for convergent and discriminant validity, and known-group validity, respectively. Floor or ceiling effects were not found.

Conclusions
The Keele STarT MSK tool was successfully translated into Norwegian. The construct validity of the tool was acceptable in a representative cohort of workers on sick leave as a result of musculoskeletal pain. However, the analyses raised concerns as to whether one of the questions captures the construct it is intended to measure.
Motoneuron-Specific PTEN Deletion in Mice Induces Neuronal Hypertrophy and Also Regeneration after Facial Nerve Injury
Authors: Meyer zu Reckendorf Sofia , Moser Diana , Blechschmidt Anna , Joga Venkata Neeha , Sinske Daniela , Hegler Jutta , Deininger Stefanie , Catanese Alberto , Vettorazzi Sabine , Antoniadis Gregor , Boeckers Tobias , Knöll Bernd 
Published: February 2022

In postmitotic neurons, several tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), including p53, Rb, and PTEN, modulate the axon regeneration success after injury. Particularly, PTEN inhibition is a key driver of successful CNS axon regeneration after optic nerve or spinal cord injury. In contrast, in peripheral neurons, TSG influence in neuronal morphology, physiology, and pathology has not been investigated to the same depth. In this study, we conditionally deleted PTEN from mouse facial motoneurons (Chat-Cre/PtenloxP/loxP) and analyzed neuronal responsesin vivowith or without peripheral facial nerve injury in male and female mice. In uninjured motoneurons, PTEN loss induced somatic, axonal, and nerve hypertrophy, synaptic terminal enlargement and reduction in physiological whisker movement. Despite these morphologic and physiological changes, PTEN deletion positively regulated facial nerve regeneration and recovery of whisker movement after nerve injury. Regenerating PTEN-deficient motoneurons upregulated P-CREB and a signaling pathway involving P-Akt, P-PRAS40, P-mTOR, and P-4EBP1. In aged mice (12 months), PTEN deletion induced hair loss and facial hyperplasia of the epidermis. This suggests a time window in younger mice with PTEN loss stimulating axon growth after injury, however, at the risk of hyperplasia formation at later time points in the old animal. Overall, our data highlight a dual TSG function with PTEN loss impairing physiological neuron function but furthermore underscoring the positive effects of PTEN ablation in axon regeneration also for the PNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTumor suppressor genes (TSGs) restrict cell proliferation and growth. TSG inhibition, including p53 and PTEN, stimulates axon regeneration after CNS injury. In contrast, in PNS axon regeneration, TSGs have not been analyzed in great depth. Herein we show enhanced peripheral axon regeneration after PTEN deletion from facial motoneurons. This invokes a signaling cascade with novel PTEN partners, including CREB and PRAS40. In adult mice, PTEN loss induces hyperplasia of the skin epidermis, suggesting detrimental consequences when reaching adulthood in contrast to a beneficial TSG role for regeneration in young adult mice. Thus, our data highlight the double-edged sword nature of interfering with TSG function.
Mineralocorticoid receptor status in the human brain after dexamethasone treatment: a single case study
Authors: Koning Anne-Sophie C A M , Habets Philippe C , Bogaards Marit , Kroon Jan , van Santen Hanneke M , de Bont Judith M , Meijer Onno C 
Published: February 2022

Background
Synthetic glucocorticoids like dexamethasone can cause severe neuropsychiatric effects. They preferentially bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) over the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). High dosages result in strong GR activation but likely also result in lower MR activation based on GR-mediated negative feedback on cortisol levels. Therefore, reduced MR activity may contribute to dexamethasone-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Objective
In this single case study, we evaluate whether dexamethasone leads to reduced MR activation in the human brain. Brain tissue of an 8-year-old brain tumor patient was used, who suffered chronically from dexamethasone-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms and deceased only hours after a high dose of dexamethasone.

Main outcome measures
The efficacy of dexamethasone to induce MR activity was determined in HEK293T cells using a reporter construct. Subcellular localization of GR and MR was assessed in paraffin-embedded hippocampal tissue from the patient and two controls. In hippocampal tissue from the patient and eight controls, mRNA of MR/GR target genes was measured.

Results
In vitro, dexamethasone stimulated MR with low efficacy and low potency. Immunofluorescence showed the presence of both GR and MR in the hippocampal cell nuclei after dexamethasone exposure. The putative MR target gene JDP2 was consistently expressed at relatively low levels in the dexamethasone-treated brain samples. Gene expression showed substantial variation in MR/GR target gene expression in two different hippocampus tissue blocks from the same patient.

Conclusions
Dexamethasone may induce MR nuclear translocation in the human brain. Conclusions on in vivo effects on gene expression in the brain await the availability of more tissue of dexamethasone-treated patients.
Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and the risk of low muscle mass in young and middle-aged Korean adults
Authors: Kim Yejin , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Cho In Young , Kwon Min-Jung , Wild Sarah H , Byrne Christopher D 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Despite the known benefit of vitamin D in reducing sarcopenia risk in older adults, its effect against muscle loss in the young population is unknown. We aimed to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and its changes over time with the risk of incident low muscle mass (LMM) in young and middle-aged adults.

Design
This study is a cohort study.

Methods
The study included Korean adults (median age: 36.9 years) without LMM at baseline followed up for a median of 3.9 years (maximum: 7.3 years). LMM was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass by body weight (ASM/weight) of 1 s.d. below the sex-specific mean for the young reference group. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.

Results
Of the 192,908 individuals without LMM at baseline, 19,526 developed LMM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident LMM comparing 25(OH)D levels of 25–<50, 50–<75, and ≥75 nmol/L to 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L were 0.93 (0.90–0.97), 0.85 (0.81–0.89), and 0.77 (0.71–0.83), respectively. The inverse association of 25(OH)D with incident LMM was consistently observed in young (aged <40 years) and older individuals (aged ≥40 years). Individuals with increased 25(OH)D levels (<50–≥50 nmol/L) or persistently adequate 25(OH)D levels (≥50 nmol/L) between baseline and follow-up visit had a lower risk of incident LMM than those with persistently low 25(OH)D levels.

Conclusions
Maintaining sufficient serum 25(OH)D could prevent unfavourable changes in muscle mass in both young and middle-aged Korean adults.
A fertile future: Fertility preservation special series
Authors: Mitchell Rod T , Williams Suzannah A 
Published: February 2022

Lay summary
Fertility preservation is a rapidly advancing field with numerous broad applications ranging from retaining the prospect of fertility in a child with cancer to protecting an entire species from extinction. In recent years, huge strides have been made in understanding the biology of male and female reproduction in animals and humans and using this knowledge to develop strategies for fertility preservation across a range of clinical and ecological applications. This Reproduction and Fertility preservation series is composed of articles from experts on this topic and these will highlight key developments in fertility preservation and also identify the challenges that still face this exciting and relatively new field.
Implementation of advanced radiotherapy techniques: stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for oligometastatic patients with lung metastasis - a single institution experience
Authors: Pop Dan Dumitru , Hopîrtean Claudiu , Coşer Flavius , Dan Florina , Zah Teodor , Fekete Zsolt , Chiş Aurel , Tufăscu Gabriela , Udrea Adrian , Mihai Alina 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose. The treatment of oligometastatic disease has become common practice as advanced radiotherapy techniques became more available. Lung is one of the main metastatic sites for a majority of cancers and many of these patients present with a limited metastatic disease burden. For these patients, SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy) represents a non-invasive treatment alternative. In this report we present our experience with our first series of patients with limited metastatic disease treated with lung SBRT. The purpose of this paper is to provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the lung SBRT treatment process and algorithm leading up to treatment delivery in a community-based radiotherapy department.
Methods. We have retrospectively reviewed our first series of 41 patients with lung oligometastases from various malignancies, treated using SBRT between March 2019 and December 2020. Demographic, technical and outcome data were analyzed.
Results. A number of 45 lung metastases (in 41 patients) were treated with SBRT during the specified time period. The median age was 65.7 years old (range 33-83). 16 patients (39%) were treated for multiple lesions and the mean number of treated lesions was 1 (range1-3). Median dose prescribed was 50 Gy /5 fractions (median BED10 =77 Gy). The median intra-fraction displacements were: Vertical (0.23cm), Longitudinal (-0.27 cm), Lateral (-0.1 cm), Pitch [0.22°], Roll [0.15°], Rotation [0.32°]. The median session time was 40 minutes. All patients completed the prescribed course of treatment.
Preliminary clinical data were recorded. With a median follow-up of 9 months, local control was recorded in all but one patient. At the last known follow-up, local control was recorded for 39 (85%) out of 45 treated lesions.
Conclusion. For lung SBRT, the required corrections at the time of treatment delivery are small, as long as strict protocols are implemented. Preliminary data for lung metastasis in oligometastatic patients support SBRT as a viable method of achieving high rates of early local control. These results need to be further confirmed in a larger cohort of patients with longer follow-up.
Una aproximación al concepto de literatura en Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Rivas Sucari Henry César , Rodríguez Eguizabal José Luis , Flores Núñez Ana María , Medina Gamero Aldo Rafael , Almirón Quispesivana Fidel 
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo definir el concepto de literatura del escritor Mario Vargas Llosa. Para ello, se han revisado algunos de los ensayos donde el escritor plantea definiciones, inferencias, deducciones y aproximaciones con respecto a este concepto. Para este trabajo, se utiliza una perspectiva sobre la definición del concepto de literatura del escritor como creador antes que teórico. Queda prefijado el sentido que se le otorga a este concepto dentro de la línea estética. Algunos de los estudios analizados para esta tarea lo constituyen el discurso La literatura es fuego, Historia secreta de una novela, Cartas a un joven novelista, la tesis Gabriel García Márquez: historia de un deicidio, y La orgía perpetua (Flaubert y Madame Bovary). A partir de estos textos, se propone una definición aproximativa sobre el concepto de literatura a partir del pensamiento de Mario Vargas Llosa.
Nomograms for predicting the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer after surgery
Authors: Nyushko K. M. , Perepukhov V. M. , Gavrilova V. D. , Alekseev B. Ya. 
Published: February 2022

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) patients often develop recurrent disease after radical surgery. A tool that can accurately predict the risk of disease progression in the population of Russian patients will be very helpful to choose an optimal treatment strategy and prevent possible recurrence.Objective: to analyze preoperative and postoperative prognostic factors for PCa progression and identify the most significant of them.Materials and methods. This study included 2,255 patients with localized and locally advanced PCa who underwent radical surgery. We constructed nomograms for predicting the risk of disease progression after surgery using mathematical models.Results. We created nomograms for predicting the risk of biochemical recurrence and probability of relapse-free survival by the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with no lymph node metastases (pN0) according to the results of morphological examination and in patients with lymph node metastases (pN1). The accuracy of nomograms reached 71 % (area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.7119) and 76 % (AUC 0.7617), respectively.Conclusion. The nomograms demonstrated high accuracy of prognosis and can be used in the population of Russian patients.
Long-term oncological results of surgical treatment of localized renal tumors
Authors: Rakul S. A. , Pozdnyakov K. V. , Eloev R. A. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: to analyze the long-term oncological results of surgical treatment of patients with stage cT1-сТ2аN0M0 renal cell cancer.Materials and methods. The analysis included 326 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy (PN) in 210 (64.42 %) and radical nephrectomy (RN) - in 116 (35.58 %). Stage cT1a tumors were found in 129 (39.57 %), cT1b - in 149 (45.71 %), cT2a - in 48 (14.72 %) cases. PN and RN for cT1a was performed in 113 (53.81 %) and 16 (13.79 %), for cT1b -in 86 (40.95 %) and 63 (54.31 %), for cT2a - in 11 (5.24 %) and 37 (31.90 %) patients. We used open approach in 5 (1.53 %), laparoscopic in 148 (45.26 %) and robotic in 173 (53.21 %). The median follow-up was 49.9 [26.0; 81.4] months.Results. In the group of patients with stage cT1a disease, 4 recurrences of the tumor process were revealed (3 local recurrences after PN and 1 after RN). Seven deaths were recorded (4 after PR and 3 after RN). Two deaths occurred due to the progression of kidney cancer (1 after PN and 1 after RN). 5-year disease-free survival after PN and RN was 95.93 ± 2.32 % versus 92.31 ± 7.39 % (p >0.05); 5-year overall survival - 96.48 ± 2.08 % versus 85.56 ± 9.65 % (p >0.05); 5-year cancer-specific survival - 98.33 ± 1.65 % versus 92.25 ± 6.5 % (p >0.05).In the group of patients with stage cT1b disease, 12 recurrences were revealed (5 after PN and 7 after RN). 14 deaths were recorded (4 after PN and 10 after RN). Four deaths were related to the development of kidney cancer (all after RN). 5-year disease-free survival after PN and RN was 92.97 ± 3.1 % versus 86.99 ± 4.64 % (p >0.05); 5-year overall survival -95.1 ± 2.78 % versus 88.63 ± 4.4 % (p >0.05); 5-year cancer-specific survival - 100 % versus 94.1 ± 3.33 % (p >0,05).There were no recurrences of the oncological process or deaths after PN in the group of patients with the stage of cT2a disease during four years of follow-up. After RN six recurrences of the oncological process, four deaths (3 of them due to the progression of kidney cancer) were recorded. Thus, the disease-free survival at was 80.57 ± 7.15 %; overall survival - 90.28 ± 5.34 %; cancer-specific survival - 93.63 ± 4.37 %.Conclusion. PN is the priority treatment for renal cell cancer. Oncological results of nephron-sparing surgery are superior to the results of RN, however, these differences are not reliable and require a longer study.