bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postinfectious Olfactory Complaints: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Passali Giulio Cesare , Passali Desiderio , Ciprandi Giorgio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is the most common cause of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD).
Objective We investigated the prevalence of PIOD in a large group of patients reporting persistent smell impairment perception after the AURI resolution.
Methods Olfactometry was performed within 1 month after the common cold resolution and after 1 year in 467 (299 males, mean age 41.7 years) outpatients. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test (Burghart instruments, Wedel, Germany) was used.
Results Anosmia was documented in 28 (6%) patients, hyposmia in 33 (7%), and cacosmia in 55 (11.7%). After 1 year, PIOD improved in 82 (79.6%) patients re-tested.
Conclusion The current study demonstrated that persistent olfactory dysfunction is a relevant symptom in patients with AURI, even though many patients had normal olfactometry. Thus, smell impairment deserves careful attention and requires objective documentation.
Bone-Anchored Hearing Implants: Surgical and Audiological Comparison of Different Surgical Techniques
Authors: Topcu Merve Torun , Mutlu Basak , Celik Serdal , Celikgun Bahtiyar , Mutlu Ahmet , Kalcioglu M. Tayyar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction The bone-anchored hearing implant system (BAHS) is an effective amplification system that transmits the sounds received by an external operating system to the inner ear by bypassing the middle ear placed in the temporal bone.
Objective This study compares the results of patients who underwent bone-anchored hearing implant system (BAHS) surgery using two different surgical methods in terms of preoperative and postoperative complications, surgical time, audiological findings, and patient satisfaction.
Methods The results of 22 patients who underwent BAHS were evaluated retrospectively from video records and audiological results, The Turkish Version of the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire were evaluated. Two different surgical approaches were used for implantation: the linear incision technique (n = 9) and the punch technique (n = 13).
Results Mean surgical durations were 9.67 ± 2.85 and 47.65 ± 6.13 minutes for Groups A and B, respectively, and these were significantly different (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups' speech recognition scores for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of +5 (p = 0.173), SNR of 0 (p = 0.315), or SNR of -5 (p = 0.360) and results of the GBI scores.
Conclusion The punch technique has a significant advantage due to a shorter surgery duration without increased surgical complications. Additionally, the punch technique showed no significant difference in hearing performance or satisfaction compared with linear incision.
A bibliometric analysis of the internationalisation of political science in Europe
Authors: Carammia Marcello 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on data on 67,000 articles published in 100 high-impact journals in the twenty years between 2000 and 2019, I analyse the scientific contribution of European political science scholarly communities in the global context. The scholars contributing to the global scientific production are largely concentrated in a few countries, with the US and UK alone accounting for more than half of the articles published in high-impact journals. However, the tendency is towards increasing diversity in the geographic basis of the international scientific production; and European countries are central to this change. Contributing to international collaborative publications has been a key engine of the increased scientific production of scholars based in Europe. This was a generalised global tendency, and a spectacular one for certain national scholarly communities. The network analysis of international collaborations points to the consolidation of three clusters within a growing and increasingly dense network. The US, followed by the UK, are central to a global cluster of collaborations. European countries are primarily clustered in two groups: a larger and growing cluster; and a smaller but even more integrated, highly productive and connected cluster of scholars based in seven northern European countries. All bibliometric indicators consistently point to a generalised growth in the output and internationalisation of the scientific contribution provided by the European political science community.
Magnetic thickness measurement for various iron steels using magnetic sensor and effect of electromagnetic characteristics
Authors: Tsukada Keiji , Hayashi Minoru , Kawakami Taisei , Adachi Shoya , Sakai Kenji , Kiwa Toshihiko , Ishikawa Toshiyuki , Saari Mohd Mawardi , Hori Kengo , Hisazumi Kazumasa , Tominaga Tomonori 
Published: March 2022

The diagnosis and prevention of the deterioration of iron-steel infrastructure has become an important social issue in recent years. The thickness measurement technique (extremely low-frequency eddy current testing (ELECT)) using a magnetic sensor for detecting steel corrosion at extreme frequency ranges has been previously reported. Using the calibration curves based on the correlation between the phase of the detected magnetic signal and the plate thickness, the plate thickness reduction caused by corrosion can be estimated from the detected phase signal. Iron-steel materials have large changes in electromagnetic characteristics; therefore, the reference calibration data for each type of iron-steel are required for plate thickness estimation. In this study, the effect of electromagnetic characteristics on the magnetic thickness measurement was investigated to improve the thickness estimation. Four types of iron-steel plates (SS400, SM400A, SM490A, and SMA400AW) with thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 18 mm were measured by ELECT, and the phase change at multiple frequencies of each plate were analyzed. The shift in the phase and linearity regions of the calibration curves for each type of steel plate was observed. To analyze this shift phenomenon, the electromagnetic characteristics (permeability μ and conductivity σ) of each type of steel were measured. Compared with the permeability μ and conductivity σ of each steel plate in the applied magnetic field strength range, the product (σμ) for various steel plates decreased in the following order: SM400 &gt; SS400 &gt;SMA400AW &gt; SM490A. The product of μ and σ is related to the skin depth, indicating the electromagnetic wave attenuation and eddy current phase shift in the material. Therefore, each shift in the calibration curve of each type of iron steel is explained by the changes in the parameters σ and μ.
Left-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups: classification and problems integrable by elementary functions
Authors: Sachkov Yu. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeft-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups are an important class of problems with a large symmetry group. They are theoretically interesting because they can often be investigated in full and general laws can be studied by using these model problems. In particular, problems on nilpotent Lie groups provide a fundamental nilpotent approximation to general problems. Also, left-invariant problems often arise in applications such as classical and quantum mechanics, geometry, robotics, visual perception models, and image processing.The aim of this paper is to present a survey of the main concepts, methods, and results pertaining to left-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups that can be integrated by elementary functions. The focus is on describing extremal trajectories and their optimality, the cut time and cut locus, and optimal synthesis. Questions concerning the classification of left-invariant sub-Riemannian problems on Lie groups of dimension three and four are also addressed.Bibliography: 91 titles.
Supplementation of reduced protein diets with
Authors: Dao Hiep Thi , Sharma Nishchal K. , Daneshmand Ali , Kumar Alip , Bradbury Emma J. , Wu Shu-Biao , Swick Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

Context Improving immune status through nutritional adjustments may be part of an effective strategy to reduce reliance on antibiotic growth promoters for controlling necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens. Aims This study examined the effect of dietary protein level and the replacement of crystalline l-arginine (Arg) with l-citrulline (Cit) in the reduced-protein diet on the performance of broilers challenged with subclinical NE. Methods Ross 308 cockerels (n = 720) were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments, with eight replicates of 15 birds per pen, during a 35-day feeding experiment. The treatments were as follows: standard protein without NE challenge (SP−); standard protein with NE challenge (SP+); reduced protein (two percentage points lower crude protein) without NE challenge (RP−); reduced protein with NE challenge (RP+); RP+ plus added Arg (103% of RP, RPA+) and RPC+ where supplemental Arg in RPA+ was replaced with Cit. The first four treatments were considered as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being NE (− or +) and protein level (SP or RP). Treatments SP+, RP+, RPA+, and RPC+ were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Key results Subclinical NE challenge reduced feed intake (FI), reduced body weight gain (BWG) and increased feed to gain ratio (FCR) from Day 0 to Day 35, increased intestinal lesion scores on Day 16, and reduced relative breast yield on Day 35 (P < 0.05). Feeding RP diets increased FI (P < 0.001), increased BWG (P < 0.01) and reduced FCR (P < 0.01) during the grower phase compared with SP diets when birds were challenged with NE. Birds in the RPC+ treatment had a lower overall FCR than did those in the SP+ treatment (P < 0.001). Birds in the RPA+ treatment had similar FI, BWG and FCR to those in the RP+ treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusions Collectively, the results showed protective effects of replacing the supplemental Arg with Cit against NE in RP diets, as indicated by higher performance during and after the challenge. Implications Feeding the RP diets supplemented with Cit may be part of an effective strategy to reduce reliance on antibiotic growth promoters for controlling NE in broiler chickens.
Dosage compensation inBombyx moriis achieved by partial repression of both Z chromosomes in males
Authors: Rosin Leah F. , Chen Dahong , Chen Yang , Lei Elissa P. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceGenes on sex chromosomes (i.e. human chX) are regulated differently in males and females to balance gene expression levels between sexes (XY vs. XX). This sex-specific regulation is called dosage compensation (DC). DC is achieved by altering the shape and compaction of sex chromosomes specifically in one sex. In this study, we use Oligopaints to examine DC in silkworms. This study visualizes this phenomenon in a species with ZW sex chromosomes, which evolved independently of XY. Our data support a long-standing model for how DC mechanisms evolved across species, and we show potential similarity between DC in silkworms and nematodes, suggesting that this type of DC may have emerged multiple independent times throughout evolution.
The investigation of the luminescent structure of thallium-doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) basing on the first-principles coupled with spectral analysis
Authors: Gao T J , Wang H D , Lu Jing-Bin , Yue Song , Chao Sun , Duan De-fang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The luminescent structure of thallium-doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) and the behavior of electrons during luminescence are studied at great length based on the conventional first-principles calculation combined with ordinary spectroscopic analysis befittingly in this work. The hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential (HSE) is used to visualize the energy band structure of the experimental sample’s system, and the corresponding relationship between the transition behavior of CsI:Tl energy levels and the spectrum is studied more accurately. We show the complete energy conversion process clearly, which involves the crystal beginning to receive the energy of a photon until the moment of de-excitation. All the fluorescence process is completed by Tl+ ions that replace Cs+ ions. Our results verify and complement the previous theories and potentially provide important references for the adjustment and design of the detectors and imaging equipment in different fields.
Assessment of damage in composites using static component generation of ultrasonic guided waves
Authors: Jiang Chang , Zhang Changyu , Li Weibin , Deng Mingxi , Ng Ching-Tai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Static component (SC) generation of guided waves (GWs), which combines the high sensitivity of acoustic nonlinearity to micro-damage and low attenuative effect, has great potential for damage assessment in large composite structures. The present work explores the use of SC generation of GWs for assessing damages in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates. The features including mode, waveform, and cumulative effect of the generated SC in composites are numerically investigated by three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation. A dynamic displacement measurement method based on piezoelectric transducers is accordingly proposed and experimentally verified. The cumulative SC pulse generated from primary GW tone-burst with a finite duration, is observed and verified numerically and experimentally. It is found that the magnitude of the generated SC pulse is linearly proportional to the quadratic material nonlinearity. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated SC pulse of GW under group velocity matching condition, is an effective means to assess the hygrothermal damage and low-velocity impact damage in CFRP composite plates. The performed experimental examination validates the feasibility of the proposed approach for damage assessment in CFRP composites.
Topological Lifshitz transitions, orbital currents, and interactions in low-dimensional Fermi gases in synthetic gauge fields
Authors: Huang Chen-How , Tezuka Masaki , Cazalilla Miguel A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Low-dimensional systems of interacting fermions in a synthetic gauge field have been experimentally realized using two-component ultra-cold Fermi gases in optical lattices. Using a two-leg ladder model that is relevant to these experiments, we have studied the signatures of topological Lifshitz transitions and the effects of the inter-species interaction U on the gauge-invariant orbital current in the regime of large intra-leg hopping Ω. Focusing on non-insulating regimes, we have carried out numerically exact density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) calculations to compute the orbital current at fixed particle number as a function of the interaction strength and the synthetic gauge flux per plaquette. Signatures of topological Lifshitz transitions where the number Fermi points changes are found to persist even in the presence of very strong repulsive interactions. This numerical observation suggests that the orbital current can be computed from an appropriately renormalized mean-field band structure, which is also described here. Quantitative agreement between the mean-field and the DMRG results in the intermediate interaction regime where U ≲ Ω is demonstrated. We also have observed that interactions can change the sign of the current susceptibility at zero field and induce Lifshitz transitions between two metallic phases, which is also captured by the mean-field theory. Correlation effects beyond mean-field theory in the oscillations of the local inter-leg current are also reported. We argue that the observed robustness against interactions makes the orbital current a good indicator of the topological Lifshitz transitions.
The band structure of the whole spectrum of an N-body cold system containing atoms with arbitrary integer spin and dominated by singlet pairing force
Authors: He Y Z , Liu Y M , Li Z B , Bao C G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The spectra of N-boson systems with arbitrary nonzero spin

f

have been studied. Firstly, only the singlet pairing interaction is considered, a set of exact eigenstates together with the eigenenergies are analytically obtained. The completeness of this set is proved. The analytical expression allows us to see clearly the spin textures of various states different in N and/or

f

, and to find out the similarity and relationship lying among them. Secondly, the effect of other interactions is evaluated via exact numerical calculations on the systems with a smaller N. Some features and notable phenomena that might emerge in high-

f

systems, say, the ground band might have extremely high level density, have been discussed.
Probable decay modes of even–even superheavy nuclei
Authors: Pathak Deepika , Singh Navdeep , Singh Pardeep , Kaur Paramjit , Kaur Harjeet , Jain Sudhir R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cluster-decay half-lives (

T

1

/

2

c
,
th

(
s
)

) of even–even nuclei are calculated employing interaction potential involving Coulomb and proximity potentials and, the obtained results are compared with the experimental ones. In order to study cluster radioactivity in even–even superheavy nuclei (SHN), we evaluate the required disintegration energies (Q

c
-values) utilizing periodic-orbit theory within microscopic-macroscopic formalism and hence, predict the logarithmic values of

T

1

/

2

c
,
th

's for even–even 298−312Og and 296−310120 nuclei. Among various isotopes of daughter nuclei, products produced with minimum value of Gibbs free energy are chosen for our investigation. Also, an analysis of the branching ratios enables us to determine the dominant mode of decay among α − decay, spontaneous fission (SF) and cluster-decay in these SHN. The emissions of 90Kr from 298Og and 94Sr cluster from 296,298120 SHN are found to be the dominant mode of decay. Our results are in agreement with those obtained using UDL method except for few cases. We believe that this work can play a significant role in the experiments leading to identification of exotic nuclei.
Event Detection and Reconstruction Using Neural Networks in TES Devices: a Case Study for Athena/X-IFU
Authors: Vega-Ferrero J. , Ceballos M. T. , Cobo B. , Carrera F. J. , García P. , Puyol-Gruart J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transition Edge Sensors detector devices, like the core of the X-IFU instrument that will be on-board the Athena X-ray Observatory, produce current pulses as a response to the incident X-ray photons. The reconstruction of these pulses has been traditionally performed by means of a triggering algorithm based on the derivative signal overcoming a threshold (detection) followed by an optimal filtering (to retrieve the energy of each event). However, when the arrival of the photons is very close in time, the triggering algorithm is incapable of detecting all the individual pulses which are thus piled-up. In order to improve the efficiency of the detection and energy-retrieval process, we study here an alternative approach based on Machine Learning techniques to process the pulses. For this purpose, we construct and train a series of Neural Networks (NNs) not only for the detection but also for the recovering of the arrival time and the energy of simulated X-ray pulses. The data set used to train the NNs consists of simulations performed with the sixte/xifusim software package, the Athena/X-IFU official simulator. The performance of our NN classification clearly surpasses the detection performance of the classical triggering approach for the full range of photon energy combinations, showing excellent metrics and very competitive computing efficiency. However, the precision obtained for the recovery of the energy of the photons cannot currently compete with the standard optimal filtering algorithm, despite its much better computing efficiency.
Fasting and Postload Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Glucose Dysregulation in Older Adults
Authors: Shitole Sanyog G , Biggs Mary L , Ix Joachim H , Fretts Amanda M , Tracy Russell P , Siscovick David S , Djoussé Luc , Mukamal Kenneth J , Kizer Jorge R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the association of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) with dysglycemia in older adults, NEFA levels were measured among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (United States; enrolled 1989–1993). Associations with insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, and with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), were examined. The sample comprised 2,144 participants (aged 77.9 (standard deviation, 4.5) years). Participant data from the Cardiovascular Health Study visit in 1996–1997 was used with prospective follow-up through 2010. Fasting and postload NEFA showed significant associations with lower insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, individually and on concurrent adjustment. Over median follow-up of 9.7 years, 236 cases of DM occurred. Postload NEFA were associated with risk of DM (per standard deviation, hazard ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.29), but fasting NEFA were not (hazard ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.29). The association for postload NEFA persisted after adjustment for putative intermediates, and after adjustment for fasting NEFA. Sex and body mass index modified these associations, which were stronger for fasting NEFA with DM in men but were accentuated for postload NEFA in women and among leaner individuals. Fasting and postload NEFA were related to lower insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, but only postload NEFA were associated with increased DM. Additional study into NEFA metabolism could uncover novel potential targets for diabetes prevention in elders.
Supervised capacity preserving mapping: a clustering guided visualization method for scRNA-seq data
Authors: Zhai Zhiqian , Lei Yu L , Wang Rongrong , Xie Yuying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationThe rapid development of scRNA-seq technologies enables us to explore the transcriptome at the cell level on a large scale. Recently, various computational methods have been developed to analyze the scRNAseq data, such as clustering and visualization. However, current visualization methods, including t-SNE and UMAP, are challenged by the limited accuracy of rendering the geometric relationship of populations with distinct functional states. Most visualization methods are unsupervised, leaving out information from the clustering results or given labels. This leads to the inaccurate depiction of the distances between the bona fide functional states. In particular, UMAP and t-SNE are not optimal to preserve the global geometric structure. They may result in a contradiction that clusters with near distance in the embedded dimensions are in fact further away in the original dimensions. Besides, UMAP and t-SNE cannot track the variance of clusters. Through the embedding of t-SNE and UMAP, the variance of a cluster is not only associated with the true variance but also is proportional to the sample size.ResultsWe present supCPM, a robust supervised visualization method, which separates different clusters, preserves the global structure and tracks the cluster variance. Compared with six visualization methods using synthetic and real datasets, supCPM shows improved performance than other methods in preserving the global geometric structure and data variance. Overall, supCPM provides an enhanced visualization pipeline to assist the interpretation of functional transition and accurately depict population segregation.Availability and implementationThe R package and source code are available at https://zenodo.org/record/5975977#.YgqR1PXMJjM.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.