bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Awareness of Digital Dentistry among the Dental Students of Karachi, Pakistan: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Memon Lubna , Ahsan Zeeshan , Faraz Muhammad , Arif Saman , Kumar Bharat , Haider Irsam 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To evaluate Knowledge and Awareness of Digital Dentistry among the Dental Students of Karachi, Pakistan.
Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Different dental colleges in Karachi from 15-06-2021 to 1-07-2021.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students from 15-06-2021 to 1-07-2021. The survey instrument was a self-administered anonymous questionnaire in the English language. The questionnaire was made up of two parts:
Part I focused on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, including age, gender, education level, name of college, and study year. Part 2 comprises 17 multiple choice questions regarding the knowledge and awareness of digital dentistry. 192 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents via Messenger and WhatsApp groups through Google form by non-probability convenience sampling to the participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Google form was available only for two weeks and repeated.
Results: A total of 192 questionnaires were given to undergraduate students through email and WhatsApp groups, 180 were counted authentic. Among them 117 (65%) were male and 63 (35%) were female as shown in Fig. 1. The frequency and percentage title of government and private undergraduate students is shown in Table 1. Among all participants, 156 respondents were from government dental colleges and 24 were from private dental colleges. Among all the government college students 145 (80.6%) and private college students 21(11.6%) have not used any form of CAD/CAM in their workplace. About 27 (15%) students know the difference between stained and layered crowns. Among all undergraduate students think that waxes 8(4.3%), metals 21 (11.6%), zirconia 61 (33.8%) and about 90 (50%) respondents think that all of the above materials are used in CAD/CAM. Only 19 (10.6%) government students and 3 (1.6%) private students have ever seen a CAD/CAM machine and the remaining students have not seen or don’t know about a CAD/CAM machine. About 90 students (50%) think that digital dentistry plays an important role in future dentistry and only 9 students think that optical spray is used for making a digital impression. The knowledge of CAD/CAM was limited among pre-clinical years of dental students. Although About 50% of the student think that digital dentistry plays an important role in future dentistry.
Water: An Influential Agent for Lanthanide‐Doped Luminescent Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine
Authors: Labrador‐Páez Lucía , Kostiv Uliana , Widengren Jerker , Liu Haichun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptimization of lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles for use in nanomedicine has encountered some difficulties due to the specific properties of water as a solvent. In this review, the current challenges for the adaptation of lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles to aqueous environments, and promising strategies to optimize their colloidal dispersibility and stability in water and physiological buffers, are summarized. Moreover, the possible luminescence de‐excitation paths caused by water molecule vibrations and how they can be prevented under different measurement conditions are discussed. This review also deals with the latest developments in lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticle design for nanomedicine, to increase the depth at which they can be monitored, which is mainly limited by the absorption bands of water. Furthermore, the anomalous temperature dependence of water and the different effects it has on lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles in the physiological temperature range are commented on. Finally, a critical opinion on the possible next steps in this field is provided.
Spring wheat yield and grain quality response to nitrogen rate
Authors: Walsh Olga S , Marshall Juliet , Nambi Eva , Shafian Sanaz , Jayawardena Dileepa , Jackson Chad , Lamichhane Ritika , Owusu Ansah Emmanuella , McClintick‐Chess Jordan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient in cereal production, yet its use efficiency remains very low at only 35%. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for increasing crop yield and quality while reducing fertilizer inputs and minimizing environmental damage. Optimum N rates that maximize yield without reducing NUE have been found to vary from location to location. This field study assessed the effect of N rates on the yield and quality of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at five locations in southern Idaho in 2015–2017. Nitrogen was applied as urea (46–0–0) immediately after planting at five rates: 0, 84, 168, 252, and 336 kg ha–1. Nitrogen application improved grain quality (increased protein) even when no increase in yield was noted. Nitrogen use efficiency and N uptake were affected by N rate at only 2 and 4 of 14 site‐years, respectively. These observations highlight the challenging task of pinpointing the appropriate N rates for optimizing wheat yield, grain protein, N uptake and NUE; and the importance of adjusting N rates based on location, year, and prevalent environmental conditions.
Erfahrungen aus dem Rückbau der Brücke am Altstädter Bahnhof in der Stadt Brandenburg – Teil 1: Untersuchung und Erkenntnisse zum Ankündigungsverhalten bei großformatigen Spanngliedern mit spannungsrisskorrosionsgefährdetem Spannstahl
Authors: Steinbock Oliver , Bösche Thomas , Ebell Gino , Kaplan Felix , Marzahn Gero 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBei der Brücke Altstädter Bahnhof handelte es sich um eine große Spannbetonkonstruktion, die einen elementaren Verkehrsknotenpunkt in der Stadt Brandenburg an der Havel bildete. Entgegen üblichen Spannbetonkonstruktionen mit kleinen Bündelspanngliedern kamen beim Haupttragwerk in Längsrichtung großformatige Spannblockspannglieder zum Einsatz. Im Fall der vorliegenden Brücke setzte sich das Spannglied aus 392 ovalen Einzeldrähten aus Hennigsdorfer Produktion zusammen, welche als spannungsrisskorrosionsgefährdet gelten. Bei Bauwerkserkundungen wurde ein hoher Versprödungsgrad der Spannstähle festgestellt, sodass die Brücke am 19.05.2021 gesprengt werden musste. Zuvor traten im Bereich detektierter Spanndrahtbrüche von außen erkennbare Längsrisse in den Stegen anstatt von üblicherweise quer gerichteten Biegerissen an der gezogenen Randfaser auf. Die abweichende Schadensäußerung im Falle einer Spannstahlschädigung brachte das Bundesministerium für Digitales und Verkehr (BMDV) dazu, weitergehende Untersuchungen durchzuführen. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Landesbetrieb Straßenwesen Brandenburg, der Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden sowie der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen in‐situ konzipiert und durchgeführt. Im Konkreten wurde an zwei Messstellen eine gezielte Schädigung des großformatigen Spannglieds vorgenommen, um das zuvor vorgefundene Schadensbild nachzuvollziehen und validieren zu können. Konzept, Ergebnisse aus den Untersuchungen und Erkenntnisse für gleichartig ausgeführte Bauwerke sind Gegenstand des ersten Beitrags (Teil 1). Der zweite Teil [1] wird sich im Schwerpunkt den verwendeten Messverfahren und Monitoringsystemen widmen, welche die Durchführung des Versuchs begleiteten.
A novel nanosponge–hydrogel system‐based electrochemiluminescence biosensor for uric acid detection
Authors: Liu Wanqing , Nie Yixin , Zhang Mengmeng , Yan Kefan , Wang Mai , Guo Yupeng , Ma Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, a highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed based on the nanosponge–hydrogel system for uric acid (UA) detection. First, the nanosponge consisted of polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles immobilized with MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and urate oxidase (UAO). The marked loading capability of PLGA nanoparticles enables loading many biomolecules and QDs for the specific recognition of UA. Urate oxidase on the nanosponge can catalyze UA to generate H2O2 in situ, which further triggers the ECL signal for the MoS2 QDs. Furthermore, the biocompatible acrylamide‐based hydrogel not only effectively retained the functionalities of the chimeric nanosponge–hydrogel, but also provided structural integrity and engineering flexibility on the electrode for ECL sensing applications. In addition, there were many ester groups and amide bonds in the nanosponge–hydrogel structure. Therefore, many electron can be excited in the ECL process due to the large number of lone electron pairs on oxygen and nitrogen atoms. This resulted in a seven‐fold ECL enhancement of the MoS2 QDs. Finally, the nanosponge–hydrogel structure‐based ECL biosensor was successfully used in real clinical serum assays. This showed a good analytical performance for UA detection (100–500 μmol/L) with a limit of detection of 20 μmol/L.
Halogen ion‐modified silver nanoparticles for ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhu Jingyi , Hui Binyu , Gong Zhengjun , Fan Meikun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRapid ultrasensitive detection of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is essential and significant for pollution control due to their hazard, persistence, and the wide distribution in the environment. Therefore, rapid detection of PAHs is critical for controlling pollution and protecting the ecology. Considering the advantages of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a simple and reliable SERS method was proposed in this work for detecting PAHs in water. Three chemicals, namely NaCl, KBr, and KI, were chosen to modify Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for phenanthrene (Phe) detection, and Ag NPs modified with KBr (Ag‐Br NPs) showed the best SERS response. The mixing sequence and the concentration of KBr were optimized. The addition order of mixing KBr and Ag NPs before Phe solution was the best sequence, and the optimal concentration of KBr was 20 mM. Under optimal conditions, the limits of quantification for Phe, pyrene (Pyr), and anthracene (Ant) were 10−6 M, 10−7 M, and 10−7 M, respectively. Mixed PAHs (Phe, Pyr, and Ant) in spiked water samples were identified and quantified successfully. The proposed method has good application prospects in environmental pollution monitoring.
Regional homogeneity of adolescents with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder and its association with symptom severity
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxin , Zhu Shuyi , Cao Yang , Cheng Peipei , Lin Yuxiong , Sun Zhixin , Li Yan , Jiang Wenqing , Du Yasong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposePrevious studies have revealed abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, there is little consistency across the findings within these studies, partly due to small sample size and great heterogeneity among participants between studies. Additionally, few studies have explored the association between ReHo aberrance and clinical symptoms in individuals with ASD.MethodsForty‐eight adolescents with high‐functioning ASD and 63 group‐matched typically developing (TD) controls received functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest. Group‐level analysis was performed to detect differences in ReHo between ASD and TD. Evaluation of symptom severity in individuals with ASD was based on the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Voxel‐wise correlation analysis was undergone to examine the correlations between the symptom severity and ReHo map in individuals with ASD within brain areas with ReHo abnormalities.ResultsCompared with the TD controls, individuals with ASD exhibited increased ReHo in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, left caudate, right posterior cerebellum (cerebellar tonsil), and bilateral brainstem and decreased ReHo in the left precentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, bilateral postcentral gyrus, and right anterior cerebellum (culmen). The correlation analysis indicated that the ReHo value in the brainstem was negatively associated with the ABC total scores and the scores of Relating factor, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that widespread ReHo abnormalities occurred in ASD, shedding light on the underlying neurobiology of pathogenesis and symptomatology of ASD.
Sonography for assessment of thoracic duct anatomy and physiology before and after meals
Authors: Kowalczyk Arkadiusz , Sługocki Mikołaj , Koleśnik Adam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe interest in clinical anatomy of the thoracic duct (TD) has recently grown, owing to discoveries linking its morphology to pathologies such as heart failure or liver cirrhosis. In the light of this knowledge, a cost‐efficient and reliable in‐vivo imaging method of TD should be devised. Ultrasonography satisfies these criteria and hence is a promising tool for assessment of TD's anatomy and function. Thirty‐one healthy volunteers attended the examination after 6 h of fasting and 2 h without drink. Ultrasound of the left supraclavicular fossa was performed in search of TD's orifice into the venous angle. In each case, the largest diameter, number of orifices, presence of valves, tributaries, and motility of the TD were examined. We performed examinations in three sessions: after fasting, after standardized meal and 1 h after the meal. The statistical significance has varied among the three sessions. The strongest connection was shown in the third examination. The TD was visualized in 31 cases, 35 orifices were found, most of which drained into the venous angle. Multiple orifices were seen in four cases and valves in 15 cases. Tributaries were present in 17 cases. Mean widest and orifice diameter measured 3.23 and 2.0 mm, respectively. Spontaneous peristaltic‐like movements of the TD were observed in 25 cases. We demonstrated that ultrasound is useful for assessment of TD's anatomy, allowing to visualize and quantify its key features. Moreover, our study is presumably the first to capture and describe TD's motility in vivo.
Dilated superficial penile dorsal vein in a child: Clinical images
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Mataruka Gerald Tatenda , Kasapato Tshisola Miji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDilated superficial penile dorsal vein in childhood has never been reported. We present this index case as clinical image which after investigation no obvious cause was found. This could just be a normal anatomical variant or an idiopathic dilatation of the superficial penile dorsal vein.
Atypical lipomatous tumor of the oropharynx: A case report
Authors: Dela Cruz Anna Pamela C. , Soriano Patricia Ann U. , Villafuerte Cesar Vincent L. , Maralit Ruter M. , Diwa Michele H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtypical lipomatous tumor or well‐differentiated liposarcoma is a rare condition in the laryngopharynx. We present a case of a 63 year‐old male with progressive dysphagia who later manifested with a mass that regurgitates outside the oral cavity. Surgical removal was done via a transoral approach, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.
Whole‐Mount Preparation and Microscopic Analysis of Epidermis
Authors: Kubo Akiharu , Aoki Satomi , Fujita Harumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe epidermis is a stratified epithelium. Compared to that for monolayered epithelia, understanding of the cell biology of stratified epithelia lags far behind. The major reason for this is the limitation of methods to reproduce the epidermis in vitro using cultured keratinocytes: for example, cultured keratinocyte cell sheets lack Langerhans cells, melanocytes, nerves, sweat ducts, and hair follicles. One current way to overcome this limitation is to observe the epidermis in vivo via whole‐mount staining and three‐dimensional imaging. Here, we describe how to prepare epidermal sheets from skin and how to immunostain and observe them in whole mount. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of mouse epidermal sheets by the ammonium thiocyanate methodAlternate Protocol: Preparation of mouse epidermal sheets by the dispase methodBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of human epidermal sheets by the dispase methodBasic Protocol 3: Whole‐mount immunostaining of epidermis
Economic optimum nitrogen rate analysis for feed and malting barley
Authors: Reussi Calvo Nahuel I. , Carciochi Walter D. , Prystupa Pablo , Queirolo Ignacio , Sainz Rozas Hernán R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe malt industry has specific requirements for malting barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) grain protein concentration (from 9.5 to 13%) and size (>85%), which could be affected by nitrogen (N) fertilization. We aimed to (a) define and explain the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for grain yield in feed (EONRf) and malting barley (EONRm), and (b) analyze if grain quality requirements are reached at the EONRm. We evaluated six N rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N ha−1) in field experiments (14 site‐years). At each site‐year, the EONR was calculated using two fertilizer cost to grain price ratios, 6:1 for feed and 4:1 for malting barley. On average, maximum yield and protein response to N were 1,681 kg ha−1and 2%, respectively. There was no consistent effect of N fertilization on grain size. The EONRf was explained by N availability and maximum yield response to N (y= 130 – 0.37N availability + 0.03N response,r2= .89), and EONRm was explained solely by N availability (y= 320 – 0.93N availability,r2= .75). The overall EONRm was 134 kg N ha−1. At sites with low soil N availability and high yield response to N, an average N rate of 69 kg ha−1greater than the EONRm was necessary to reach 9.5% protein. Otherwise, the EONRf could be used (106 kg N ha−1) and grains be sold as feed barley. These results are useful to adjust N fertilizer recommendations to satisfy the malting industry demand while reducing the economic and environmental impacts of fertilization.
In the existence of a transverse dc electric field, the kinetic theory of current‐driven electrostatic ion cyclotron waves excitation in a magnetized dusty plasma
Authors: Anshu  , Sharma Jyotsna , Sharma Suresh C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe theoretical modelling for the electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves in the existence of a transverse direct current (dc) electric field in a collisionless magnetized dusty plasma has been investigated using the kinetic theory model. It is examined that after incorporation of dc electric field with the dust grains can alter the dispersion properties of EIC waves in a magnetized dusty plasma. Our model developed accounts for the critical drift velocity, electron‐to‐ion temperature ratio, magnetic field, the number density of dust grains, relative density of negatively charged dust grains, and finite gyroradius parameter. Our investigation found that normalized growth rate and frequency increase with the relative density ratio and electric field. Moreover, the critical drift velocity for the excitation of the mode with negatively charged dust grains and electron‐to‐ion temperature ratio has been studied, and it was found that critical drift velocity decreases with the increase in negatively charged dust grains. The impact of dust grains on the low‐frequency waves has also been studied, and it was found that an increase in dust grain number density results in the reduction of growth rate. Some of our theoretical findings are consistent with the experimental observations.
The botanical education extinction and the fall of plant awareness
Authors: Stroud Sebastian , Fennell Mark , Mitchley Jonathan , Lydon Susannah , Peacock Julie , Bacon Karen L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCivilization is dependent upon plants for survival. Plants permeate our every moment and our relationship with them will dictate how we will manage the threats of climate change and ecological collapse defining the Anthropocene. Yet, despite the significance of plants and the critical role they have played in shaping ecosystems, civilizations, and human cultures, many people are now disconnected from the botanical world. Students are presented with little plant content, particularly identification, compared with animal content. Consequently, we are producing few plant scientists and educating fewer scientists about plants. This drives a self‐accelerating cycle we term the extinction of botanical education. A process of knowledge erosion, that in this instance contributes to our separation from the natural world, makes us blind to the biodiversity crisis and inhibits our ability to restore it. We argue that neglecting the importance of plants within education threatens the foundations of industries and professions that rely on this knowledge. Furthermore, this extinction of botanical education creates an existential threat: Without the skills to fully comprehend the scale of and solutions to human‐induced global change, how do we as a society combat it? We present key research agendas that will enable us to reverse the extinction of botanical education and highlight the critical role plants play on the global stage.
Large‐scalePVAmodeling of insects in cultivated grasslands: The role of dispersal in mitigating the effects of management schedules under climate change
Authors: Leins Johannes A. , Grimm Volker , Drechsler Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn many species, dispersal is decisive for survival in a changing climate. Simulation models for population dynamics under climate change thus need to account for this factor. Moreover, large numbers of species inhabiting agricultural landscapes are subject to disturbances induced by human land use. We included dispersal in the HiLEG model that we previously developed to study the interaction between climate change and agricultural land use in single populations. Here, the model was parameterized for the large marsh grasshopper (LMG) in cultivated grasslands of North Germany to analyze (1) the species development and dispersal success depending on the severity of climate change in subregions, (2) the additional effect of grassland cover on dispersal success, and (3) the role of dispersal in compensating for detrimental grassland mowing. Our model simulated population dynamics in 60‐year periods (2020–2079) on a fine temporal (daily) and high spatial (250 × 250 m2) scale in 107 subregions, altogether encompassing a range of different grassland cover, climate change projections, and mowing schedules. We show that climate change alone would allow the LMG to thrive and expand, while grassland cover played a minor role. Some mowing schedules that were harmful to the LMG nevertheless allowed the species to moderately expand its range. Especially under minor climate change, in many subregions dispersal allowed for mowing early in the year, which is economically beneficial for farmers. More severe climate change could facilitate LMG expansion to uninhabited regions but would require suitable mowing schedules along the path. These insights can be transferred to other species, given that the LMG is considered a representative of grassland communities. For more specific predictions on the dynamics of other species affected by climate change and land use, the publicly available HiLEG model can be easily adapted to the characteristics of their life cycle.