bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraganglioma masquerading as a primary liver lesion: A rare entity discovered during surgery
Authors: Miller Michelle E. , Vietor Nicole O. , Park Edward J. , Sweeney Shane P. , Katz Matthew , Vietor Robert C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman with controlled hypertension presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. Imaging revealed a 6.6 cm liver lesion. During resection, she became severely hypertensive and diagnosis was paraganglioma. Hepatic paragangliomas are exceedingly rare but must be considered in the differential of abdominal mass even without typical clinical symptoms.
Interaction of a Jaundice Marker Molecule with a Redox‐Modulatory Nano‐Hybrid: A Combined Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study toward the Development of a Theranostic Tool
Authors: Mondal Susmita , Pan Nivedita , Ghosh Ria , Bera Arpan , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Maji Tuhin Kumar , Adhikari Anirudddha , Ghosh Sangeeta , Bhattacharya Chinmoy , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explores a combined electrochemical and spectroscopic approach to investigate the degradation of bilirubin, a molecular marker of jaundice in humans using a biocompatible nanohybrid (citrate‐functionalized Mn3O4 nanohybrid; C−Mn3O4 NH). The approach is aimed at the development of a facile theranostic tool for treatment, detection, and prognosis of jaundice. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) studies on bilirubin, C−Mn3O4 NH, a model carrier protein, and its complex with bilirubin reveal the efficacy of the nanohybrid for both degradation and detection of bilirubin. Furthermore, spectroscopic studies depict that distal electron transfer to be the probable mechanism behind the observed bilirubin degradation in physiological milieu.
Synthesis of Aminoethyl‐Substituted Piperidine Derivatives as σ1 Receptor Ligands with Antiproliferative Properties
Authors: Holtschulte Catharina , Börgel Frederik , Westphälinger Stefanie , Schepmann Dirk , Civenni Gianluca , Laurini Erik , Marson Domenico , Catapano Carlo V. , Pricl Sabrina , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of novel σ1 receptor ligands with a 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperidine scaffold was prepared and biologically evaluated. The underlying concept of our project was the improvement of the lipophilic ligand efficiency of previously synthesized potent σ1 ligands. The key steps of the synthesis comprise the conjugate addition of phenylboronic acid at dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones 7, homologation of the ketones 8 and introduction of diverse amino moieties and piperidine N‐substituents. 1‐Methylpiperidines showed particular high σ1 receptor affinity and selectivity over the σ2 subtype, whilst piperidines with a proton, a tosyl moiety or an ethyl moiety exhibited considerably lower σ1 affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations with per‐residue binding free energy deconvolution demonstrated that different interactions of the basic piperidine‐N‐atom and its substituents (or the cyclohexane ring) with the lipophilic binding pocket consisting of Leu105, Thr181, Leu182, Ala185, Leu186, Thr202 and Tyr206 are responsible for the different σ1 receptor affinities. Recorded logD7.4 and calculated clogP values of 4a and 18a indicate low lipophilicity and thus high lipophilic ligand efficiency. Piperidine 4a inhibited the growth of human non‐small cell lung cancer cells A427 to a similar extent as the σ1 antagonist haloperidol. 1‐Methylpiperidines 20a, 21a and 22a showed stronger antiproliferative effects on androgen negative human prostate cancer cells DU145 than the σ1 ligands NE100 and S1RA.
Patient‐derived organoids for personalized gallbladder cancer modelling and drug screening
Authors: Yuan Bo , Zhao Xiaofang , Wang Xiang , Liu Erdong , Liu Chunliang , Zong Yali , Jiang Youhai , Hou Minghui , Chen Yao , Chen Lei , Zhang Yongjie , Wang Hongyang , Fu Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a relatively rare but highly aggressive cancer with late clinical detection and a poor prognosis. However, the lack of models with features consistent with human gallbladder tumours has hindered progress in pathogenic mechanisms and therapies.MethodsWe established organoid lines derived from human GBC as well as normal gallbladder and benign gallbladder adenoma (GBA) tissues. The histopathology signatures of organoid cultures were identified by H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The genetic and transcriptional features of organoids were analysed by whole‐exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. A set of compounds targeting the most active signalling pathways in GBCs were screened for their ability to suppress GBC organoids. The antitumour effects of candidate compounds, CUDC‐101 and CUDC‐907, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe established organoids were cultured stably for more than 6 months and closely recapitulated the histopathology, genetic and transcriptional features, and intratumour heterogeneity of the primary tissues at the single‐cell level. Notably, expression profiling analysis of the organoids revealed a set of genes that varied across the three subtypes and thus may participate in the malignant progression of gallbladder diseases. More importantly, we found that the dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor CUDC‐907 significantly restrained the growth of various GBC organoids with minimal toxicity to normal gallbladder organoids.ConclusionsPatient‐derived organoids are potentially a useful platform to explore molecular pathogenesis of gallbladder tumours and discover personalized drugs.
The soil microbiome increases plant survival and modifies interactions with root endosymbionts in the field
Authors: Markalanda Shaniya H. , McFadden Connor J. , Cassidy Steven T. , Wood Corlett W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that the soil microbiome—the community of microorganisms living in soils—has a major effect on plant traits and fitness. However, most work to date has taken place under controlled laboratory conditions and has not experimentally disentangled the effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance from the effects of key endosymbiotic constituents. As a result, it is difficult to extrapolate from existing data to understand the role of the soil microbiome in natural plant populations. To address this gap, we performed a field experiment using the black medick Medicago lupulina to test how the soil microbiome influences plant performance and colonization by two root endosymbionts (the mutualistic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria Ensifer spp. and the parasitic root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla) under natural conditions. We inoculated all plants with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria and factorially manipulated the soil microbiome and nematode infection. We found that plants grown in microbe‐depleted soil exhibit greater mortality, but that among the survivors, there was no effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance (shoot biomass, root biomass, or shoot‐to‐root ratio). The soil microbiome also impacted parasitic nematode infection and affected colonization by mutualistic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria in a plant genotype‐dependent manner, increasing colonization in some plant genotypes and decreasing it in others. Our results demonstrate the soil microbiome has complex effects on plant–endosymbiont interactions and may be critical for survival under natural conditions.
A meta‐analysis of the effects of climate change on the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Duarte André G. , Maherali Hafiz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change and other anthropogenic activities have the potential to alter the dynamics of resource exchange in the mutualistic symbiosis between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, potentially altering its stability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which interact with most plant species, are less cold‐tolerant than other groups of fungi; warming might therefore lead to increased fungal‐mediated nutrient transfers to plants, which could strengthen the mutualism. By stimulating photosynthesis, rising CO2 could reduce the carbon cost of supporting AM fungi, which may also strengthen the mutualism. Furthermore, rising temperature and CO2 could have stronger effects on the mutualism in wild plants than in domesticated plants because the process of domestication can reduce the dependence of plants on mycorrhizal fungi. We conducted a multi‐level random effects meta‐analysis of experiments that quantified the strength of the mutualism as plant growth response to AM fungal inoculation (i.e., mycorrhizal growth response) under contrasting temperature and CO2 treatments that spanned the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to those expected with future climate change. We tested predictions using a three‐level mixed effects meta‐regression model with temperature or CO2, domestication status and their interaction as moderators. Increases from subambient to ambient temperature stimulated mycorrhizal growth response only for wild, but not for domesticated plant species. An increase from ambient to superambient temperature stimulated mycorrhizal growth response in both wild and domesticated plants, but the overall temperature effect was not statistically significant. By contrast, increased CO2 concentration, either from subambient to ambient or ambient to super ambient levels, did not affect mycorrhizal growth response in wild or domesticated plants. These results suggest the mutualism between wild plants and AM fungi was likely strengthened as temperature rose from the past to the present and that forecasted warming due to climate change may have modest positive effects on the mutualistic responses of plants to AM fungi. Mutualistic benefits obtained by plants from AM fungi may not have been altered by atmospheric CO2 increases from the past to the present, nor are they likely to be affected by a forecasted CO2 increase. This meta‐analysis also identified gaps in the literature. In particular, (i) a large majority of studies that examined temperature effects on the mutualism focus on domesticated species (>80% of all trials) and (ii) very few studies examine how rising temperature and CO2, or other anthropogenic effects, interact to influence the mutualism. Therefore, to predict the stability of the mycorrhizal mutualism in the Anthropocene, future work should prioritize wild plant species as study subjects and focus on identifying how climate change factors and other human activities interact to affect plant responses to AM fungi.
Does ant–plant mutualism have spillover effects on the non‐partner ant community?
Authors: Donald Marion L. , Miller Tom E. X. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMutualism benefits partner species, and theory predicts these partnerships can affect the abundance, diversity, and composition of partner and non‐partner species. We used 16 years of monitoring data to determine the ant partner species of tree cholla cacti (Cylindropuntia imbricata), which reward ants with extrafloral nectar in exchange for anti‐herbivore defense. These long‐term data revealed one dominant ant partner (Liometopum apiculatum) and two less common partners (Crematogaster opuntiae and Forelius pruinosus). We then used short‐term characterization of the terrestrial ant community by pitfall trapping to sample partner and non‐partner ant species across ten plots of varying cactus density. We found that the dominant ant partner tended a higher proportion cacti in plots of higher cactus density, and was also found at higher occurrence within the pitfall traps in higher density plots, suggesting a strong positive feedback that promotes ant partner occurrence where plant partners are available. Despite the strong association and increased partner occurrence, ant community‐wide effects from this mutualism appear limited. Of the common ant species, the occurrence of a single non‐partner ant species was negatively associated with cactus density and with the increased presence of L. apiculatum. Additionally, the composition and diversity of the ant community in our plots were insensitive to cactus density variation, indicating that positive effects of the mutualism on the dominant ant partner did not have cascading impacts on the ant community. This study provides novel evidence that exclusive mutualisms, even those with a strong positive feedback, may be limited in the scope of their community‐level effects.
Border Collie optimization algorithm‐based node clustering technique in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Godi Rakesh Kumar , Janakiraman Sengathir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the nodes are vehicles and these vehicles communicate with one another on the road. The vehicular nodes on the road move continuously and it introduces dynamic changes in the topology of the network. When the node density in the vehicular network is high, then it is still more challenging as these situations introduce different challenges for network scalability and hurdles the process of determining an optimal route in the vehicular network. At this juncture, clustering protocols are often utilized for resolving the issue of network scalability and the factors that hinders process of identifying optimal routes in vehicular network. In this article, Border Collie optimization algorithm‐based node clustering technique (BCOA‐NCT) is proposed for achieving optimal cluster head selection that minimizes network overhead in uncertain node density situations. This BCOA‐NCT is proposed for facilitating equal concentration on both exploitation and exploration during the process of clustering. It utilized the strategy of eyeing for preventing the algorithm from being stuck into local optima during the cluster head selection process. The simulation experiments of the proposed BCOA‐NCT and the benchmarked schemes confirmed better throughput of 6.19%, minimized end‐to‐end delay of 7.24%, reduced mean energy consumptions of 6.89%, and reduction in the number of beacon messages utilized by 8.26% under the impact of different density of vehicular node. The outcome of the results indicated that the proposed BCOA‐NCT on par with the baseline approaches is capable enough in handling the issue of scalability and better estimation of optimal routes under the increase of node density in the vehicular network.
Shared genetic influences on resting‐state functional networks of the brain
Authors: P.O.F.T. Guimarães João , Sprooten E. , Beckmann C. F. , Franke B. , Bralten J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe amplitude of activation in brain resting state networks (RSNs), measured with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging, is heritable and genetically correlated across RSNs, indicating pleiotropy. Recent univariate genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) explored the genetic underpinnings of individual variation in RSN activity. Yet univariate genomic analyses do not describe the pleiotropic nature of RSNs. In this study, we used a novel multivariate method called genomic structural equation modeling to model latent factors that capture the shared genomic influence on RSNs and to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes driving this pleiotropy. Using summary statistics from GWAS of 21 RSNs reported in UK Biobank (N = 31,688), the genomic latent factor analysis was first conducted in a discovery sample (N = 21,081), and then tested in an independent sample from the same cohort (N = 10,607). In the discovery sample, we show that the genetic organization of RSNs can be best explained by two distinct but correlated genetic factors that divide multimodal association networks and sensory networks. Eleven of the 17 factor loadings were replicated in the independent sample. With the multivariate GWAS, we found and replicated nine independent SNPs associated with the joint architecture of RSNs. Further, by combining the discovery and replication samples, we discovered additional SNP and gene associations with the two factors of RSN amplitude. We conclude that modeling the genetic effects on brain function in a multivariate way is a powerful approach to learn more about the biological mechanisms involved in brain function.
Hidden in plain sight: Considerations for an ulcer of the scalp
Authors: Young Jade N. , Elgash May , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful, irregularly shaped skin ulcers mainly affecting the lower extremities. PG rarely affects the head and neck, making the diagnosis of this condition even more challenging. A high index of suspicion is paramount in the diagnosis of PG, especially after surgical procedures.MethodsWe describe a clinical case of a patient with initially undiagnosed PG of the scalp who underwent surgical excision and full thickness skin graft with subsequent graft necrosis as initial clue for the diagnosis.ResultsTwenty months after initial presentation, this patient healed with a multimodal medical approach of immunosuppressive therapy and wound care.ConclusionPrompt recognition of PG by physicians assessing any surgical wounds is vital in reducing misdiagnosis and improving patient outcomes.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with secondary antibody deficiency. A monocentric experience during Covid‐19 pandemics
Authors: Innocenti Idanna , Tomasso Annamaria , Benintende Giulia , Autore Francesco , Fresa Alberto , Vuono Florenzia , Stirparo Luca , Galli Eugenio , D’Arena Giovanni , Sorà Federica , Efremov Dimitar , Laurenti Luca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSecondary antibody deficiency (SAD) is a frequent manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that increases the risk of infections. However, no formal guideline are available regarding the eligibility for prophylaxis or the delivery method, dosage, frequency of administration and duration of immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous IgRT (SCIg) and its impact on quality of life (QoL) of CLL pts in the Covid‐19 era. Ten CLL pts with SAD were treated with subcutaneous IgRT (SCIg) at our institution between October 2019 and December 2020. Median age was 66 years and five patients had comorbidities. Seven patients were receiving therapy for CLL when treatment with SCIg was initiated. All pts received 10 g total dose hyaluronidase‐free SCIg independently from body weight. The IgG level and CD4/CD8, CD19 and CD16/56 lymphocytes subset were recorded at baseline and every 3 months. No patient experienced infectious events nor Covid‐19 mediated interstitial pneumonia while on SCIg therapy. All patients tolerated well the therapy and experienced an increase of IgG levels, which was then stable in time. We conclude that SCIg administration in CLL pts with SAD is efficacious and safe as infectious prophylaxis. This route of administration appears particularly advantageous in the Covid‐19 era, because of the self‐administration at home which results in improvement in the QoL and reduced treatment expenditures.
The role of NK and NKT cells in the pathogenesis and improvement of multiple sclerosis following disease‐modifying therapies
Authors: Ahmadi Alireza , Fallah Vastani Zahra , Abounoori Mahdi , Azizi Mahdieh , Labani‐Motlagh Alireza , Mami Sajad , Mami Sanaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that T cells become autoreactive by recognizing CNS antigens. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. In recent years, the impact of innate immune cells on MS pathogenesis has received more attention. CD56bright NK cells, as an immunoregulatory subset of NK cells, can increase the production of cytokines that modulate adaptive immune responses, whereas CD56dim NK cells are more active in cytolysis functions. These two main subsets of NK cells may have different effects on the onset or progression of MS. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are other immune cells involved in the control of autoimmune diseases; however, variant NKT (vNKT) cells, despite limited information, could play a role in MS remission via an immunoregulatory pathway.AimWe aimed to evaluate the influence of MS therapeutic agents on NK and NKT cells and NK cell subtypes.Materials and MethodsThe possible mechanism of each MS therapeutic agent has been presented here, focusing on the effects of different disease‐modifying therapies on the number of NK and NKT subtypes.ResultsExpansion of CD56bright NK cells, reduction in the CD56dim cells, and enhancement in NKT cells are the more important innate immune cells alterations following the disease‐modifying therapies.ConclusionExpansion of CD56bright NK cells or reduction in the CD56dim cells has been associated with a successful response to different treatments in MS. iNKT and vNKT cells could have beneficial effects on MS improving. It seems that they are enhanced due to some of MS drugs, leading to disease improvement. However, a reduction in the number of NKT cells could be due to the adverse effects of some of MS drugs on the bone marrow.
Buoyancy‐motivated dissipative free convection flow of Walters‐B fluid along a stretching sheet under the Soret effect and Lorentz force influence
Authors: Basha Hussain , Ballem Sreenivasulu , Janardhana Reddy G. , Holla Harish , Sheremet Mikhail A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA two‐dimensional numerical model has been framed to investigate the effect of buoyancy forces on magnetized free convective Walters‐B fluid flow over a stretching sheet with Soret effect, heat radiation, thermal source/sink, and viscous dissipation. The current physical model is developed based on the stretching sheet geometry. The impact of Lorentz force on the nonlinear system is investigated and considered in the velocity equation. The influence of thermal radiation, heat source/sink, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating is considered in the energy equation. The effect of Soret parameter and chemical reaction on mass transfer is accounted in the concentration equation. The current physical model is governed by the highly coupled nonlinear system of partial differential equations. Owing to the inadequacy in the analytical techniques, the obtained governing equations are solved by using the bvp4c Matlab function via similarity transformations approach. Numerical computations are performed for the varying values of physical parameters, which are expressed in terms of tables and graphs. Magnifying viscoelastic parameter decays the velocity profile and enhances the thermal and concentration fields. Enhancing free convection parameters diminishe the velocity fields and magnifies the thermal profile. Thermal field magnifies with enhancing thermal radiation parameter and Eckert number. Enhancing the Soret number raises the concentration field. Also, the bvp4c Matlab function adequately simplifies the highly nonlinear coupled system of equations occurring in nature. The present similarity solutions presented in this paper coincides with previously published results in the literature.
Investigation of Jeffery–Hamel flow with high magnetic field and nanoparticle by DTM
Authors: Raghunatha K. R. , Siddanagowdru S. O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, the special properties of the magnetic field and nanoparticles on the Jeffery–Hamel flow are considered via an influential numerical differential transform method (DTM). The proposed technique is very helpful and appropriate for solving highly nonlinear differential equations. Furthermore, the outcomes are compared with those of other techniques such as HPM, HAM, ADM, and a numerical method (Rung–Kutta method) in the literature revealing that the current method solution is better than other methods. Also, the properties of Reynolds number, Hartmann number, and angle of the channel on applications of the MHD Jeffery–Hamel flow are discussed.