bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death at home versus other locations in older people receiving physician‐led home visits: A multicenter prospective study in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Takamasa , Matsushima Masato , Kaneko Makoto , Aoki Takuya , Sugiyama Yoshifumi , Fujinuma Yasuki 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe Japanese government is promoting physician‐led home visits as well as end‐of‐life care at home. However, the proportion of deaths occurring at home has remained unchanged for the past 20 years.ObjectivesTo report the cumulative incidence of deaths at home and to explore the factors associated with deaths at home versus other places, mainly hospitals.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study in a primary care setting. We enrolled patients aged ≥65 years who had started to receive regular visits by family physicians from 13 facilities in and around Tokyo between February 1, 2013 and January 31, 2016. Patients were followed‐up until January 31, 2017. The primary outcome measures were mortality rate and cumulative incidence of deaths at home.ResultsWe enrolled 762 patients. Of 368 deaths, 133 occurred in the patient's home. The mortality rates at home were 137.6/1000 person‐years (95% confidence interval 116.1–163.1). In cumulative incidence function, the longer duration of care at home lowers the likelihood of death at home. Multivariable multinomial logistic models showed that younger age and higher Barthel Index score reduced the likelihood of deaths at home, while receiving oxygen therapy and the presence of a full‐time caregiver increased the likelihood of deaths at home relative to deaths at other locations.ConclusionsOf deceased patients, only one‐third died in patients' homes. We found several factors associated with deaths at home, which appeared to reflect the readiness of patients and their families for death. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1005–1012.
Transurethral lidocaine (100 mg) bladder irrigation (TULI100) reduces the incidence of catheter related bladder discomfort in transurethral resection of bladder tumors: A randomized, double blind, controlled trial
Authors: Singh Ajay , Kayina Choro Athiphro , Naik Naveen , Ganesh Venkata , Kumar Sumit , Pandey Vijayant Kumar , Bora Girdhar S. , Saini Kulbhushan , Soni Shiv Lal , Kaloria Narender , Samra Tanvir , Saini Vikas 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundTransurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) surgeries requires post‐resection catheterization for continuous irrigation of the bladder. This indwelling catheter is associated with distressing catheter‐related bladder discomfort (CRBD) and increases postoperative pain and agitation.ObjectivesTo prove the hypothesis that transurethral 100 mg lidocaine irrigation at the end of TURBT can reduce the frequency of moderate‐to‐severe postoperative CRBD.Methods116 patients scheduled for TURBT were screened, 94 were recruited and completed the study. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I–II adult patients, 20–75 years of age undergoing elective TURBT surgery under general anesthesia were included. Transurethral normal saline with 0.01% lidocaine (100 mg in 1 L NS) was used for irrigation 30 min before the completion of surgery in group L, while only normal saline was used for transurethral irrigation in group N. The main outcomes were frequency of CRBD, pain and patient satisfaction at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h postoperatively.ResultsA total of 94 patients were analyzed in the study. The incidence of moderate–severe CRBD was significantly lower in group L as compared to group C at 0, 1, and 2 h (65.9% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.01; 31.9% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.012; 21.3% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.004, respectively). At the 6‐h mark, the incidence of CRBD was lower in group L, although this did not achieve statistical significance (6.38% vs. 2.1%; p = 0.613).ConclusionIrrigation with 0.01% lidocaine (100 mg) towards the end of TURBT reduces the incidence of moderate–severe CRBD by 52% and increases patient satisfaction.
Morphological coupling of the distal organ in the Peruvian walking stick (Oreophoetes peruana): Structural and functional aspects
Authors: Strauß Johannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn insects, the detection of mechanical stimuli from body movements, airborne sound, substrate vibration, medium flow, or gravity by mechanosensory organs plays an important role. These mechanosenory organs can have complex morphologies with numerous sensilla, and the functional morphology with specific attachments of the sensory neurons to surrounding tissues and structures determines the stimulation. In stick insects, the subgenual organ complex in the tibia of all legs is an elaborate system of two chordotonal organs, which respond to substrate vibrations, and associated tibial campaniform sensilla, which respond to cuticular strain. One chordotonal organ, the distal organ, is characterized by a linear set of sensilla. This distal organ has not been studied for its physiological characteristics in detail, but the attachment or mechanical coupling is functionally important. Here we characterize two aspects of attachment or mechanical coupling of the distal organ: At the dorsal side, the organ is connected to the inner side of the dorsal cuticle by connective tissue, which is shown to also contain the axons of campaniform sensilla. At the proximal end, a fine membrane runs to the adjacent chordotonal organ, the subgenual organ. This membrane spans the tibia in transverse direction. It does not contain neuronal elements, but as a connection between the subgenual and the distal organ, it may influence the mechanosensory activity of these organs. Such a connection is not present in other insects such as locusts or cockroaches and could affect the sensory function in stick insects (e.g., in vibration detection by the subgenual organ) or even couple the two organs, resulting in similar mechanical responses.
Improving white light emission and quantum yield of Ce@Eu co‐doped silicate glass by reducing Eu3+ to Eu2+ with Si3N4
Authors: Ma Xiao , Huang Zhifeng , Yuan Hailong , Zhou Yujuan , Li Meijuan , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRare‐earth‐doped transparent glass shows great potential in white light‐emitting diodes (wLEDs) application due to its excellent optical and luminous properties. Currently reported commercial wLEDs have a drawback in red emission missing, which leads to a relatively low color rendering index (CRI) and a relatively high correlated color temperature (CCT). In this work, Ce@Eu Sr–Si–O glass is fabricated using a high‐temperature quenching method. The white light is available when the ratio of Ce3+/Eu3+ equals 1, and the emitting color can be adjusted from blue to red by controlling the ratio of Ce3+/Eu3+. To further optimize the white light, Eu3+ ions can be reduced to Eu2+ according to the reaction of 6Eu3+ + 2N3− → 6Eu2+ + N2↑ by introducing Si3N4. As a result, the standard white light emission can be achieved in the Ce@Eu silicate glass contributed by the blue light from Ce3+, red light from Eu3+, and yellow–green light from Eu2+ (two elements, three emission). This glass shows excellent luminous properties, such as a color coordinate is (0.3651, 0.3269) in CIE 1931 color coordinate diagram, a CRI is over 70, a high quantum yield of 36.02%, and a CCT of 4117 K.
Parental perceptions and experiences of infant crying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Muller Ingrid , Ghio Daniela , Mobey Jasmine , Jones Hannah , Hornsey Samantha , Dobson Amy , Maund Emma , Santer Miriam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcessive infant crying is common and can have a huge impact on families and well‐being. Systematically reviewing qualitative studies on infant crying can provide a greater understanding of parental perceptions and experiences.AimThis study sought to systematically review and thematically synthesize qualitative studies exploring parents/carers' views and experiences of infant crying.DesignA systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research.Data SourcesElectronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from the earliest date available to January 2022. We selected papers focussing on parents/carers' experiences, views, attitudes and beliefs about infant crying. We excluded papers focussing on health professionals' views and children older than 12 months.Review MethodsThematic synthesis was followed for the analysis of included studies and quality appraisal was conducted.ResultsWe synthesized 22 papers, reporting data from 376 participants in eight countries. Four analytical themes were developed: (1) Experiences and impact of crying; (2) parental management strategies; (3) the role of the health professional; (4) the role of infant feeding and maternal diet. Our findings suggest that infant crying has a substantial emotional impact on parents/carers that often impacts relationships. Parents/carers reported using a range of soothing techniques and coping strategies but were desperate to find effective treatment or cure. Support was often perceived as lacking. Excessive crying and beliefs about the role of maternal diet on breastmilk were reported to undermine parents' confidence in breastfeeding by making them feel their milk is insufficient or harmful, or through pressure from others to stop breastfeeding.ConclusionParents/carers use a range of strategies to interpret and deal with the challenges of infant crying, but there is a need for more information and support.ImpactFindings can be used to inform future research and interventions to support families experiencing excessive infant crying.
Weighing interest relative to performance in hiring decisions: Important but free?
Authors: Tang Yun , Sansone Carol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudents considering career options are often advised to identify their interests. Yet how much do people weigh the importance of interest when making hiring decisions, particularly as compared to performance? In two preregistered studies we examined how samples of US adults in the workforce weighed interest and performance when making hiring decisions about a hypothetical job candidate. Participants (total N = 740) were told that the candidate was applying for a position where they had previously interned, and were presented an ostensible Intern Evaluation Form in which he interest and performance ratings were independently varied to be below or above average. Participants then indicated their job offer and starting salary recommendations. Across two domains (Marketing and Sales, Study 1; Software Development, Study 2), participants weighed interest and performance equally in job offer recommendations, but weighed performance more in salary recommendations. Thus, job candidates who demonstrated higher interest but below average performance had an equal chance of receiving a job offer as candidates who demonstrated above average performance but lower interest. However, the former group would be offered a lower starting salary. Exploratory analyses examined participants' inferences about the candidate's future motivation and performance as potential explanations. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Digital reading in beginner readers: Advantage or disadvantage for comprehension of narrative and informational linear texts?
Authors: Florit Elena , De Carli Pietro , Lavelli Manuela , Mason Lucia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundText comprehension research in relation to the reading medium showed that digital‐based reading represents a disadvantage compared with paper‐based reading. Most paper versus screen research; however, was conducted with university students.ObjectivesThis study investigated the contribution of reading medium to text comprehension and medium preference in beginner readers who use technology for school learning. The moderating role of text genre, word reading and medium preference on the reading medium effect on text comprehension was also analysed.MethodsFirst graders (N = 115; mean age = 6;8 years) read narrative and informational linear texts on paper and computer screen and answered main idea, literal and inferential comprehension questions. Medium preference questions and a word reading task were administered.Results and ConclusionsLogistic mixed models showed that the main idea and literal comprehension of narrative and informational linear texts were greater on screen and for higher word reading skills. Inferential comprehension was lower on screen at lower levels of word reading skills but became similar for the two media as word reading increased. Children had no clear medium preference and medium effect on text comprehension was independent of children's medium preference. The main results show that beginner readers who use technology for learning and are fast and accurate in word reading display no comprehension disadvantage in digital reading.TakeawaysOur results add to existing knowledge by clarifying how reading medium effects on beginner readers' text comprehension interact with factors such as fundamental reading skills and experience with technology.
Advanced Nursing Practice and Advanced Practice Nursing roles within low and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Scanlon Andrew , Murphy Maria , Smolowitz Janice , Lewis Virginia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPopulation health initiatives rely on the availability and skills of an appropriate workforce to meet required goals. One global workforce initiative with demonstrated ability to expand health care services and improve access to care is the development of Advanced Nursing Practice and Advanced Practice Nursing roles. Given the sparse published information about these roles in Low and Lower‐Middle‐Income countries, this study seeks to describe their development and application in these countries.DesignThe researchers developed a descriptive cross‐sectional multilingual survey for online distribution to nursing experts within the targeted countries. Survey questions addressed demographic information on the population served, Advanced Nursing Practice and Advanced Practice Nursing titles, the time frame and rationale for creating the title, and how the roles relate to the International Council of Nurses' Advanced Practice Nursing guidelines characteristics of education, practice, and regulation.ResultsOf the 167 responses received, only 24 participants met the inclusion criteria. This represented five low‐income countries and nineteen lower‐middle‐income countries from four World Bank regions. Seventy‐one roles were identified. Roles emerged predominantly over the last 20 years, focusing on care for underserved populations, with an almost even spread across primary and acute care settings. There were differences in education, practice, and regulation amongst the roles. Roles that required a master's education or higher with practice‐related characteristics had a broader scope of practice, which is consistent with international guidelines.ConclusionThis paper describes how Advanced Nursing Practice and Advanced Practice Nursing roles from Low and Lower Middle‐Income Countries have been implemented to address gaps in service and highlights disparities in education, practice and regulation compared to international guidelines. Maintaining and increasing support from organizations and universities internationally may be required to assist in developing and expanding educational programs for advanced nursing roles in these countries.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding how these advanced nursing roles are operationalized in relation to education, practice, and regulation in Low and Lower‐Middle‐Income countries can provide baseline information that will inform workforce development policies to address healthcare needs in similar jurisdictions.
Counting on Whiteness: Religion, race, ethnicity, and the politics of Jewish demography
Authors: Hahn Tapper Aaron J. , Kelman Ari Y. , Saperstein Aliya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmerican Jews have long been an anomaly for scholars concerned with understanding how they fit into extant social scientific or historical categories. Sometimes they seem best described as an ethnic group, other times as a religious one. This ambiguity has also vexed Jewish communal leaders whose desire to comprehend their communities has largely been underwritten by their intention to protect it. This intersection of sociological methods and schema and Jewish communal concerns has resulted in decisive omissions regarding how best to account for the racial and ethnic diversity of American Jews. An analysis of survey instruments used in 175 American Jewish population studies and community portraits conducted since 1970 reveals a focus on questions of religious practice and an avoidance of those about race and ethnicity, resulting in a “religio‐racial formation” of American Jews as White. This approach to studying American Jewish life has marginalized or excluded non‐White Jews while ensuring ongoing Jewish communal access to Whiteness without having to claim it explicitly.
Automation, robots and wage inequality in Germany: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Brall Franziska , Schmid Ramona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe conduct a decomposition analysis based on recentred influence function (RIF) regressions to disentangle the relative importance of automation and robotization for wage inequality in the manufacturing sector in Germany between 1996 and 2017. Our measure of automation threat combines occupation‐specific scores of automation risk with sector‐specific robot densities. We find that besides changes in the composition of individual characteristics, structural shifts among different automation threat groups are a non‐negligible factor associated with wage inequality between 1996 and 2017. Moreover, the increase in wage dispersion among the different automation threat groups has contributed significantly to higher wage inequality in the 1990s and 2000s.
Probabilities of conditionals: Updating Adams
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano , Ommundsen Adrian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe problem of probabilities of conditionals is one of the long‐standing puzzles in philosophy of language. We defend and update Adams' solution to the puzzle: the probability of an epistemic conditional is not the probability of a proposition, but a probability under a supposition.Close inspection of how a triviality result unfolds in a concrete scenario does not provide counterexamples to the view that probabilities of conditionals are conditional probabilities: instead, it supports the conclusion that probabilities of conditionals violate standard probability theory.This does not call into question probability theory per se; rather, it calls for a more careful understanding of its role: probability theory is a theory of probabilities of propositions; but as conditionals do not express propositions, their probabilities are not subject to the standard laws.We argue that both conditional probabilities and probabilities of conditionals are best understood in terms of the dynamics of supposing, modeled as a restriction operation on a probability space. This version of the suppositionalist view allows us to connect Adams' Thesis to the widely held restrictor view of the semantics of conditionals.We address two common objections to Adams' view: that the relevant probabilities are ‘probabilities only in name’, and that giving up conditional propositions puts us at a disadvantage when it comes to interpreting compounds.Finally, we argue that some putative counterexamples to Adams' Thesis can be diagnosed as fallacies of probabilistic reasoning: they arise from applying to conditionals laws of standard probability theory which are invalid for them.
Phenological physiology: seasonal patterns of plant stress tolerance in a changing climate
Authors: Grossman Jake J. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe physiological challenges posed by climate change for seasonal, perennial plants include increased risk of heat waves, postbudbreak freezing (‘false springs’), and droughts. Although considerable physiological work has shown that the traits conferring tolerance to these stressors – thermotolerance, cold hardiness, and water deficit stress, respectively – are not static in time, they are frequently treated as such. In this review, I synthesize the recent literature on predictable seasonal – and therefore, phenological – patterns of acclimation and deacclimation to heat, cold, and water‐deficit stress in perennials, focusing on woody plants native to temperate climates. I highlight promising, high‐throughput techniques for quantifying thermotolerance, cold hardiness, and drought tolerance. For each of these forms of stress tolerance, I summarize the current balance of evidence regarding temporal patterns over the course of a year and suggest a characteristic temporal scale in these responses to environmental stress. In doing so, I offer a synthetic framework of ‘phenological physiology’, in which understanding and leveraging seasonally recurring (phenological) patterns of physiological stress acclimation can facilitate climate change adaptation and mitigation.
‘Now I can bend and meet people virtually in my home’: The experience of a remotely supervised online chair yoga intervention and visual socialisation among older adults with dementia
Authors: Park Juyoung , Hung Lillian , Randhawa Paavan , Surage Jayshree , Sullivan Marlysa , Levine Hannah , Ortega María 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle research has been conducted on telehealth‐based interventions in older adults. There has been no study of the use of telehealth‐based online chair yoga (CY) to improve physical activity and manage dementia symptoms and socialisation for older adults with dementia who are socially isolated.ObjectivesThe study identified benefits, challenges and facilitators in participating in remotely supervised online CY from the perspective of older adults with dementia and their caregivers, including what would help them to participate in online interventions.MethodsIn a qualitative descriptive design, four online focus groups (two pre‐intervention and two post‐intervention) conducted via videoconference explored the benefits, challenges and facilitators in participating in a remotely supervised twice‐weekly, 8‐week online CY intervention. A total of 17 participants (eight people with dementia and nine family caregivers) attended the focus groups. The data were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis of data identified three themes from the perspectives of older adults with dementia and their caregivers: (a) benefits (e.g. sleep and relaxation, emotional regulation, flexibility, muscle strength, convenience, caregiver–participant connection), (b) challenges (e.g. technological setup) and (c) lessons learned (e.g. inclusion of caregiver, yoga instructor, visual cues, socialisation, safety). The online intervention was beneficial to participants, who reported that they wanted to continue home‐based online CY practice.ConclusionConvenience was the major advantage for the participant to continue to practice online CY. The online intervention offered virtual socialisation, which could be significant for motivating older adults to continue the CY program.Implications for PracticeGerontological nurses could add CY as a nonpharmacological component of a treatment plan and monitor older adults' progress during the online intervention. The home‐based online CY intervention should be prioritised to promote health and wellness in socially isolated older adults with dementia.