bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnography and quantification: Insights from epidemiology for Indigenous health equity
Authors: Prussing Erica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA growing body of critical ethnography compellingly demonstrates how “evidence‐based” trends are further privileging narrowly construed quantitative statistics, indicators, and metrics in ways that build on widespread cultural assumptions about the alleged objectivity of numerical data. In working to challenge these uncritical and positivist illusions, these studies provide more contextualized understandings and often also advocate for more pluralistic approaches that make use of multiple ways of knowing. Drawing examples from a transnational ethnographic project with epidemiologists who work to promote Indigenous health equity, I call attention here to how postpositivist approaches are already active in quantitative professions, galvanized in part by growing intersections between evidence‐based trends and rights/justice advocacy. Closer attention to such pro‐equity quantitative work highlights the need to expand the ethnographic questions that anthropologists ask about the relationships between quantification, positivism, and privilege. Such expansion stands to benefit anthropological understandings of knowledge politics in the “evidence‐based” era and contributes to ongoing conversations about how to de‐center and decolonize ethnographic inquiry.
Returning‐home fieldwork in China with a dear friend: Friendship, personal safety, and diversity
Authors: Xu Liling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrawing on my accompanied returning‐home fieldwork in China with a dear friend, Yun, this paper critically reflects on the ideas of friendship in fieldwork and its enabling and enhancing role in managing safety concerns and negotiating data collection. The contribution is two‐fold. First, it advances current fieldwork scholarship in Humanities and Social Sciences that predominantly focuses on the researcher–informant friendship formed in the field by engaging with the companionship of pre‐existing friends. This diversifies our understandings of fieldwork friendship in individually, socially and culturally unsettling ways. Second, this study furthers ongoing conversations calling for greater visibility and support of different forms of accompanied fieldwork by focusing on the accompaniment of pre‐existing friends. Three potential directions are outlined to normalise the model of accompanied fieldwork in efforts to promote equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in geography fieldwork.
Of precarity and conspiracy: Introducing a socio‐functional model of conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Adam‐Troian Jais , Chayinska Maria , Paladino Maria Paola , Uluğ Özden Melis , Vaes Jeroen , Wagner‐Egger Pascal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConspiracy Beliefs (CB) are a key vector of violent extremism, radicalism and unconventional political events. So far, social‐psychological research has extensively documented how cognitive, emotional and intergroup factors can promote CB. Evidence also suggests that adherence to CB moves along social class lines: low‐income and low‐education are among the most robust predictors of CB. Yet, the potential role of precarity—the subjective experience of permanent insecurity stemming from objective material strain—in shaping CB remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose for the first time a socio‐functional model of CB. We test the hypothesis that precarity could foster increased CB because it undermines trust in government and the broader political ‘elites’. Data from the World Value Survey (n = 21,650; Study 1, electoral CB) and from representative samples from polls conducted in France (n = 1760, Study 2a, conspiracy mentality) and Italy (n = 2196, Study 2b, COVID‐19 CB), corroborate a mediation model whereby precarity is directly and indirectly associated with lower trust in authorities and higher CB. In addition, these links are robust to adjustment on income, self‐reported SES and education. Considering precarity allows for a truly social‐psychological understanding of CB as the by‐product of structural issues (e.g. growing inequalities). Results from our socio‐functional model suggest that implementing solutions at the socio‐economic level could prove efficient in fighting CB.
Long‐term effects of primary aldosteronism treatment on patients with primary aldosteronism and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nakano Yujiro , Murakami Masanori , Hara Kazunari , Fukuda Tatsuya , Horino Masato , Takeuchi Akira , Niitsu Yoshihiro , Shiba Kumiko , Tsujimoto Kazutaka , Komiya Chikara , Yokoyama Minato , Ikeda Kenji , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Fujii Yasuhisa , Yamada Tetsuya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivePrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a major cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with chronic renal injury. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in PA rapidly decreases after the removal of glomerular hyperfiltration due to aldosterone excess by adrenalectomy (ADX) or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment and is stable in the long term. However, the effects of these treatments on the long‐term renal function of PA patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well understood.Design and PatientsIn this single‐center, retrospective study, acute and chronic changes in the estimated GFR (eGFR) were examined in 107 patients with PA, including 49 patients with post‐treatment CKD　defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.ResultsThe reduction in eGFR observed 1 month after ADX in the CKD group (N = 31) was −20.1 ± 8.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate analysis showed that pre‐treatment eGFR and plasma aldosterone concentration were independent predictive factors of the acute reduction in eGFR after ADX. The reduction of eGFR observed 1 month after MRA administration in the post‐treatment CKD group (N = 18) was −9.2 ± 5.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate analysis showed that the duration of hypertension and pre‐treatment eGFR were independent predictive factors of the acute reduction in eGFR after ADX administration. In 20 patients with CKD (N = 12 ADX and N = 8 MRA) followed for more than 5 years post‐treatment, there was no further significant decline in eGFR over a follow‐up period of 7 (6, 8) years nor any difference between the two treatment modalities.ConclusionsOur study suggests that treatment of PA in stage 3 CKD is safe and useful in preventing renal injury.
White matter microstructure predicts individual differences in infant fear (But not anger and sadness)
Authors: Planalp Elizabeth M. , Dowe Kristin N. , Alexander Andrew L. , Goldsmith H. Hill , Davidson Richard J. , Dean Douglas C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine neural correlates of discrete expressions of negative emotionality in infants to determine whether the microstructure of white matter tracts at 1 month of age foreshadows the expression of specific negative emotions later in infancy. Infants (n = 103) underwent neuroimaging at 1‐month, and mothers reported on infant fear, sadness, and anger at 6, 12, and 18 months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised. Levels and developmental change in fear, sadness, and anger were estimated from mother reports. Relations between MRI and infant emotion indicated that 1‐month white matter microstructure was differentially associated with level and change in infant fear, but not anger or sadness, in the left stria terminalis (p < 0.05, corrected), a tract that connects frontal and tempo‐parietal regions and has been implicated in emerging psychopathology in adults. More relaxed constraints on significance (p < 0.10, corrected) revealed that fear was associated with lower white matter microstructure bilaterally in the inferior portion of the stria terminalis and regions within the sagittal stratum. Results suggest the neurobehavioral uniqueness of fear as early as 1 month of age in regions that are associated with potential longer‐term outcomes. This work highlights the early neural precursors of fearfulness, adding to literature explaining the psychobiological accounts of affective development.Highlights
Expressions of infant fear and anger, but not sadness, increase from 6 to 18 months of age.
Early neural architecture in the stria terminalis is related to higher initial levels and increasing fear in infancy.
After accounting for fear, anger and sadness do not appear to be associated with differences in early white matter microstructure.
This work identifies early neural precursors of fearfulness as early as 1‐month of age.
Does natural and hybrid immunity obviate the need for frequent vaccine boosters against SARS‐CoV‐2 in the endemic phase?
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has entered its endemic phase and we observe significantly declining infection fatality rates due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). On this background, it is crucial but challenging to define current and future vaccine policy in a population with a high immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 conferred by previous infections and/or vaccinations. Vaccine policy must consider the magnitude of the risks conferred by new infection(s) with current and evolving SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, how these risks vary in different groups of individuals, how to balance these risks against the apparently small, but existent, risks of harms of vaccination, and the cost–benefit of different options. More evidence from randomized controlled trials and continuously accumulating national health data is required to inform shared decision‐making with people who consider vaccination options. Vaccine policy makers should cautiously weight what vaccination schedules are needed, and refrain from urging frequent vaccine boosters unless supported by sufficient evidence.
Evaluation of fracture toughness properties of polymer concrete composite using deep learning approach
Authors: Niaki Mostafa Hassani , Ahangari Morteza Ghorbanzadeh , Izadi Milad , Pashaian Matin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing artificial intelligence‐based methods in predicting material properties, in addition to high accuracy, saves time and money. This paper models and predicts the fracture toughness properties of polymer concrete (PC) composites using the deep learning method. After preparing a database consisting of 209 experimental data from 19 relevant studies, the effect of seven important variables on critical stress intensity factor (KIc) and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is considered. Then, the deep neural network (DNN) model is developed and trained using the prepared database. The accuracy of the DNN model is examined by implementing four statistical criteria, MSE, R2, RMSE, and MAE. Finally, the sensitivity of the KIc and CTOD to each input variable is evaluated using a partial dependence plot (PDP) analysis. While aggregate size, nanofiller content, and a/R ratio have the most positive effect on KIc, aggregates and nanofiller content have the most positive influence on CTOD.
Frailty index and ten oral conditions in the Coyoacan cohort study: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Castrejón‐Pérez Roberto Carlos , Wanyonyi Kristina L. , García‐Vázquez Paola E. , Cruz‐Hervert Luis Pablo , Ramírez‐Aldana Ricardo , Borges‐Yáñez S. Aída 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo analyse the relationship between the Frailty Index and 10 oral conditions controlling for nutritional status among Mexican community‐dwelling older people.BackgroundStudies suggest that the association between frailty and oral conditions are mediated by nutrition.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional analysis includes 487 community‐dwelling men and women aged ≥70 years old. Interview and clinical examinations were performed at participants' homes. Objective (number of natural teeth, root remnants, dental condition, utilisation and functionality of removable dental prostheses and periodontitis) and subjective (utilisation of dental services, self‐rated oral health, chewing difficulties and xerostomia) oral variables were collected by trained personnel. The Frailty Index was calculated considering 35 deficits. Nutritional status measured with the Mini‐Nutritional assessment (MNA), age, sex, education, and marital status were included as covariates. We fitted 11 multivariate generalised linear models (one for each oral condition), assuming gamma distribution for Frailty Index as the outcome.ResultsParticipants average age was 78.1 years, 52.1% were women. We observed a higher Frailty Index among those rating their oral health as worse than others their age (5.1%), reporting chewing difficulties often (4.9%) and fairly and very often (7.0%), and xerostomia (4.8%). Age, gender and MNA were consistently associated with the Frailty Index.ConclusionSubjective oral conditions are compatible with the Frailty Index after controlling for older people's nutritional status and covariates.
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Xu Zhiqiang , Wang Jungong , Zheng Wenbin , Zhao Shang , Yang Qingli , Yu Dongxing , Zhu Yinglian 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to explore the antibacterial effect and mechanism of a novel bacteriocin of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibacterial activity was determined by the Oxford cup method, and the dynamic growth curves were conducted with continuous shaking incubation. The result showed that the bacteriocin was a protein or protein‐like antibacterial substance susceptible to pepsin and trypsin. And it had good antibacterial activity, pH stability, thermostability and enzyme treatment stability against E. coli and S. aureus. The SEM, flow cytometry and nucleic acid leakage showed that the bacteriocin disrupted the cell structures of the two bacteria by damaging cell walls and cell membranes. An agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS‐PAGE analysis showed that the bacteriocin inhibited DNA replication and interfered with the protein formation, which resulted in the inhibition of the two bacteria's growth. Therefore, the use of the L. plantarum bacteriocin might be a promising biocontrol strategy to inhibit the pollution of E. coli and S. aureus simultaneously in foods.
The effect of popping, soaking, boiling and roasting processes on antinutritional factors in chickpeas and red kidney beans
Authors: Godrich Joseph , Rose Peter , Muleya Molly , Gould Joanne 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the effect that a popping head (like a rice cake machine), a low‐shear and low‐water processing technology, has on the concentration of antinutritional factors in chickpeas and red kidney beans. Seeds were popped under several parameters (popping time, sample format and equipment type) and analysed against soaking (1:5 w/v in reverse osmosis water for 24 h), roasting (100 g at 180 °C for 20 min) and boiling (1:5 w/v in reverse osmosis water at 100 ± 1 °C for 1 h) processes. Popping and roasting significantly reduced phytic acid content in chickpeas (6%–22%) and red kidney beans (16%–39%). In contrast, phytic acid content after soaking and boiling was not significantly different to raw seeds. Condensed tannins were significantly reduced in red kidney beans after soaking (74%), boiling (100%) and 4 s popping (28%–42%) treatments and increased in both pulses after roasting (137%) and 8 s popping (21%–47%). Further analysis showed that the soluble phenolic content increased with popping, but total and bound phenolic content was reduced. These results demonstrate that the high temperatures and pressures applied during the popping process effectively reduce antinutritional factors in pulses, compared to conventional processing methods.
Zinc deficiency associated with cutaneous toxicities induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Chun‐Wei , Pang Jong‐Hwei Su , Ko Yu‐Shien , Chang Chih‐Jung , Wang Chuang‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Ti , Chen Chun‐Bing , Hui Rosaline Chung‐yee , Hung Shuen‐Iu , Lu Lai‐Ying , Lu Kun Lin , Wang Chih‐Liang , Wu Chiao‐En , Hsu Ping‐Chih , Fang Yueh‐Fu , Li Shih‐Hong , Ko How‐Wen , Tseng Li‐Chuan , Shih Feng‐Ya , Chen Mei‐Jun , Chung Wen‐Hung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeCutaneous toxicities are common adverse effects following epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) therapy. Zinc deficiency causes diverse diseases, including skin toxicities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of zinc deficiency in patients with EGFR‐TKI‐induced skin toxicities.Experimental DesignThis retrospective study enrolled 269 patients with diverse skin disorders who visited our hospital between January 2016 and December 2017. The skin toxicity severities and plasma zinc levels of 101 EGFR‐TKI‐treated cancer patients were analysed and compared with those of 43 non‐EGFR‐TKI‐treated cancer patients and 125 patients without cancer but presenting cutaneous manifestations. Additionally, the role of zinc in erlotinib‐induced skin eruptions was established in a 14‐day‐murine model. Clinical features were further evaluated following systemic zinc supplementation in EGFR‐TKI‐treated cancer patients.ResultsEGFR‐TKI‐treated patients demonstrated severe cutaneous manifestations and a significant decrease in plasma zinc levels than those of the control groups. The serum zinc level and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 5.0 grading of EGFR‐TKI‐induced skin toxicities showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.29; p < 0.0001). Moreover, erlotinib treatment decreased the plasma zinc levels and induced periorificial dermatitis in rats confirming zinc deficiency following EGFR‐TKI treatment. Zinc supplementation to the EGFR‐TKI‐treated cancer patients showed a significant decrease in the CTCEA grading (p < 0.0005 for mucositis and p < 0.0.0001 for all other cases) after 8 weeks.ConclusionsSkin impairment following EGFR‐TKI therapy could be ameliorated through zinc supplementation. Thus, zinc supplementation should be considered for cancer patients undergoing EGFR‐TKI therapy.
Adolescent sleep duration: associations with social‐cognitive determinants and the mediating role of sleep hygiene practices
Authors: Inhulsen Maj‐Britt M. R. , Busch Vincent , Kalk Rianne , van Stralen Maartje M. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryInsufficient sleep duration among adolescents is a widespread public health problem. Gaining better insight into social‐cognitive determinants associated with adolescent sleep duration is necessary for developing effective preventive interventions to support healthy sleep. This study aimed to explore whether social‐cognitive determinants regarding sufficient sleep duration were associated with sleep duration, and if these associations were mediated by collective sleep hygiene practices. Furthermore, we examined these associations for social‐cognitive determinants related to not using media before bedtime and doing relaxing activities and considered whether these associations were mediated by specific sleep hygiene practices. Data were collected amongst second‐ and third‐grade adolescents from 10 Dutch high schools. A total of 878 adolescents (mean [SD] age 13.3 [0.71] years) completed data on sleep duration, social‐cognitive determinants of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (i.e., attitude, subjective norms from parents, subjective norms from peers, perceived behavioural control, intention), and sleep hygiene practices. Single‐ and multivariable path models were constructed and mediation by sleep hygiene practices was analysed by Monte Carlo simulation. All social‐cognitive determinants except for subjective norms from peers were associated with longer sleep duration (p < 0.01). Sleep hygiene practices mediated all associations between social‐cognitive determinants and sleep duration (mediation ranging from 16% to 72%). Although some of the significant associations and mediation disappeared in the multivariable model, behavioural arousal was the strongest mediator, but collective sleep hygiene practices and cognitive/emotional arousal also explained parts of the associations. The findings indicate that social‐cognitive factors should not be overlooked when targeting adolescent sleep duration.
An event study analysis of the effects of collective bargaining legislation on strike outcomes
Authors: Campolieti Michele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractI consider the effects of legislation for conciliation and cooling‐off periods, which were introduced in the Canadian Industrial Disputes and Investigation Act of 1907, on strike duration and person‐days lost to strikes. I estimate the effects of this legislation on strike duration and persons‐days lost to strikes using bargaining pair level data from 1901 to 1915 with a differences‐in‐difference model as well as an event study methodology. Both of these methodologies exploit variation in legislative coverage because there were some industries that were not covered by the legislation, and so were untreated.
Lessons Learned during the Development and Validation of an Intensive Evidence‐Based Reading Intervention for Secondary Students
Authors: Schumaker Jean B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe a 40+ year journey during which researchers have endeavored to design and evaluate an integrated, empirically based reading intervention for secondary students and to chronicle the lessons learned as well as suggest future directions for this type of work. Initial development of the intervention began in the 1980s with individual studies, each focused on one part of the reading process (e.g., decoding, vocabulary, comprehension). The quantitative results of these studies showed significant differences between the experimental and the control group or between baseline and after‐instruction conditions. In 2004, an opportunity arose to integrate the empirically validated components within a whole reading program and to have that program independently evaluated. Several scaling‐up efforts have resulted. The lessons learned and the challenges inherent in scaling up an intervention are shared. Recommendations for future efforts related to putting research into practice are made.
Transdisciplinarity, neuro‐techno‐philosophy, and the future of philosophy
Authors: Al‐Rodhan Nayef 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhilosophy and science have always striven to make sense of the world, continuously influencing each other in the process. Their interplay paved the way for neurophilosophy, which harnesses neuroscientific insights to address traditionally philosophical questions. Given the rapid neuroscientific and technological advances in recent years, this paper argues that philosophers who wish to tackle intractable philosophical problems and influence public discourse and policies should engage inneuro‐techno‐philosophy. This novel type of inquiry describes the transdisciplinary endeavor of philosophers, (neuro)scientists, and others to anticipate the societal implications of the impending transformations of subjects and theorizers. While human enhancement is likely to irreversibly change what it means to be human, disruptive technologies might lead to the emergence of artificial intelligent agents and human‐machine hybrids. The paper predicts that neuro‐techno‐philosophy will be indispensable to understanding and engaging with these game‐changing innovations and thus play a pivotal role in the future of philosophy.