bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐state heteronuclear multiple‐quantum spectroscopy under a magic‐angle spinning frequency of 150kHz
Authors: Yuan Eric Chung‐Yueh , Chen Po‐Wen , Huang Shing‐Jong , Org Mai‐Liis , Samoson Ago , Chan Jerry Chun Chung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe hereby demonstrate that1H detected15N‐1H heteronuclear multiple‐quantum spectroscopy can be carried out at a magic angle spinning frequency of 150 kHz. While the15N‐1H multiple‐quantum coherences can be directly excited from the dipolar order created by the method of adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame, it is technically more advantageous to acquire the chemical shift evolution of the heteronuclear multiple‐quantum coherence by two separate chemical shift evolution periods for1H and15N. We also show that the heteronuclear multiple‐quantum correlation spectrum can be obtained by shearing the corresponding heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation spectrum.
The comparative palynomorphological studies on Turkish Muscari genera and close relatives (Asparagaceae‐scilloideae) with their taxonomic implications
Authors: Citak Burcu Yilmaz , Uysal Tuna , Bozkurt Meryem , Demirelma Hakkı , Aksoy Ahmet , Ertuğrul Kuddisi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBy this study, the palynomorphological traits of 49 taxa (53 plant samples) of the genus Muscari which has been the main research topic and also its relatives, Pseudomuscari, Hyacinthella and Bellevalia have been studied in details of both using light and scanning electron microscope. In the end of palynologic works, it was suggested the descriptive or symbolized main pollen types to make easier the separation or identification of the species of Muscari and its relative groups. According to this symbolization, the pollen types of species may be changeable as D‐shaped, elliptical, triangular, and spindle shaped and all types could be seen in different members of the studied taxonomic groups in this paper. One of the most important findings of the study is that the taxa of the genus Muscari, Hyacinthella and Bellevalia do not show a main difference in terms of pollen structures and especially they exhibit harmony. Therefore, it does not possible to mention about the special pollen shape own to one species but it is possible to see common pollen types for closely related taxa or taxon groups. As a result, it could be commented that there is not evolved the close taxonomical groups within Asparagaceae in terms of pollen shape and morphologies and there is considerably a high suitability in point of theirs germ cells or microspores among them.Research Highlights
A detailed palynological description is provided for Muscari and close relative genus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM).
Pollen size and sulcus length are been determined as the best informative pollen characters to understand Muscari and other studied species.
CO2 flux in a wheat‐soybean succession in subtropical Brazil: A carbon sink
Authors: Veeck Gustavo Pujol , Dalmago Genei Antonio , Bremm Tiago , Buligon Lidiane , Jacques Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti , Fernandes José Maurício , Santi Anderson , Vargas Paulo Roberto , Roberti Débora Regina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe subtropical region of Brazil is home to 33% of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing area and 90% of the wheat (Tritucum aestivum L.) growing area of this country. A soybean–wheat succession with fallow between crops is used in about 11% of the cultivated area. No study has quantified CO2 fluxes in annual soybean–wheat succession in this region. Hence, this study analyzed the seasonality of CO2 exchange (net ecosystem exchange [NEE]) in a 2015/2016 wheat–soybean succession in a commercial farm located in Carazinho, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The eddy covariance method was used to estimate the annual C balance of this system. The NEE was partitioned between gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration to understand the dynamics of these fluxes during a year of wheat–soybean succession. Considering the net ecosystem balance between photosynthesis and respiration during the growing season, both soybean and wheat absorbed CO2 from the atmosphere (NEE wheat: –347 ± 4 g C m–2; NEE soybean: –242 ± 3 g C m–2). The fallow periods between growing seasons, however, acted as a source of 156 ± 2 g C m–2, reducing the C absorbed by the crops by 27%. For 1 yr, the net biome productivity was –50 g C m–2 yr–1. The results obtained here demonstrate that the wheat–soybean succession was a net C sink under these specific climatic conditions and field management practices and that the long fallow period between crops limited the agroecosystem from becoming a more efficient CO2 sink.
Feasibility of immunotherapy in cancer patients with persistent or past hepatitis B or C virus infection
Authors: Nakabori Tasuku , Abe Yutaro , Higashi Sena , Hirao Takeru , Kawamoto Yasuharu , Maeda Shingo , Daiku Kazuma , Urabe Makiko , Kai Yugo , Takada Ryoji , Yamai Takuo , Ikezawa Kenji , Uehara Hiroyuki , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune‐related adverse events in the liver. The risk of exacerbating liver injury is of concern in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), as immunotherapy can damage liver function because of the immune response against viral antigens. We assessed the feasibility of immunotherapy in HBV‐ or HCV‐infected patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 266 patients with persistent or past HBV infection, 26 patients seropositive for anti‐HCV, and 820 patients with negative viral markers for HBV and HCV, who were treated with ICIs. ICI‐induced liver injury and changes in virological markers were analyzed.ResultsThe occurrence rates of ICI‐induced liver injury in the HBsAg‐positive, anti‐HBc‐positive/anti‐HBs‐positive, and anti‐HBc‐positive/anti‐HBs‐negative groups were 12.5, 21.6, and 19.1%, respectively, which were comparable with those of the negative for HBV‐ and HCV‐related markers group (20.9%). The frequency of any grade ICI‐induced liver injury was different among the HCV RNA‐positive (3/5; 60.0%), anti‐HCV‐positive/HCV RNA‐negative (2/21; 9.5%), and negative for HBV‐ and HCV‐related markers (171/820; 20.9%) groups (P = 0.045), with no significant difference in grade ≥2 ICI‐induced liver injury. In patients with persistent infection, neither serum HBV DNA, HBsAg, nor HCV RNA level changed significantly during ICI treatment. One of five treatment‐naïve HCV‐infected patients required interruption of ICI treatment due to virus‐related liver injury.ConclusionImmunotherapy is feasible for most cancer patients with chronic HBV or HCV infection; however, liver function and virological markers should be carefully monitored in treatment‐naïve patients, especially those with HCV infection, during ICI treatment.
Prediction of malignancy in main duct or mixed‐type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas
Authors: Jung Hye‐Sol , Han Youngmin , Kang Jae Seung , Sohn Heeju , Lee Mirang , Lee Kyung‐Bun , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeSurgical indications of main duct‐involved intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), especially for main pancreatic duct (MPD) of 5‐9 mm, remain controversial. We aimed to predict malignancy risk of main duct‐involved IPMN.MethodsTotal 258 patients with main duct‐involved IPMN between 2000 and 2017 in our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Main duct IPMN was classified into segmental and diffuse‐type by dilated MPD pattern. Clinicopathologic features and predictive factors for malignancy were analyzed.ResultsAmong 258 patients, 47 and 211 had pure main duct (segmental: 27, diffuse type: 20) and mixed type, respectively. Malignant IPMN presented higher in main duct type (66.0%) compared to mixed type (46.9%). The diffuse type (72.2%) had more invasive carcinoma than the segmental type (40.7%). Invasive IPMN risk increased proportionally to the MPD diameter (5 ≤ MPD <10 mm vs 10 ≤ MPD < 15 mm vs MPD ≥ 15 mm; 23.4% vs 40.0% vs 48.6%). Symptoms, elevated serum carbohydrate antigen, MPD ≥10 mm, mural nodule, thickened wall, and distal atrophy were independent predictive factors for malignancy. Patients with MPD of 5‐9 mm with at least one predictive factor had 35.0% of malignancy risk.ConclusionsThe invasive IPMN risk was different according to the dilated main duct pattern. Patients with main duct type, diffuse type, MPD ≥10 mm, and MPD 5‐9 mm with at least one predictive factor should be candidates for immediate surgery.
In search of self, belonging, and a degree: The lived experience of historically marginalized racial minority college commuter students
Authors: Burke Erin K. , Park‐Taylor Jennie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study explored the lived experiences of 10 historically marginalized racial minority college commuter students. Data revealed an overarching experience of “in‐betweenness,” consisting of constant transition and yearning for achievement and connections. Major themes include (a) identity negotiations and developmental change, (b) the desire for meaningful work, (c) commuter life as a world of “fear of missing out (FOMO)” and missed connections, (d) adult‐ish: distant familial relationships living under one roof, and (e) desired community resources to facilitate success.
Enhancing the therapeutic alliance with African American clients: Using a critical race theoretical approach to navigate conversations about racism
Authors: Fripp Jessica A. , Adams Justin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSignificant challenges like stigma and disparities prevent African Americans from entering counseling. Additionally, discrimination and racism might exacerbate anxieties around help‐seeking. However, openly expressing their stories of racism and oppression in counseling increases the therapeutic alliance and creates a safe space for healing and trust. We introduce a critical race theoretical approach to support counselors as they navigate difficult conversations about race. Counseling implications are provided to increase the opportunity for dialogue about racism.
Decrease of winter cyclone passage over northern Japan due to the reduction in the regional cyclogenesis associated with cold air outbreak
Authors: Tamura Kenta , Sato Tomonori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn East Asia, a strong winter monsoon and high baroclinicity cause enhanced cyclone activity, which has been the subject of intensive study. Despite the high frequency of genesis of mesoscale cyclones in this area, most of the studies on the decadal timescale have focused only on synoptic‐scale cyclones. To clarify the interannual variation of the passage of winter cyclones including synoptic‐scale and mesoscale cyclones over and around Japan, a tracking algorithm was applied to 62 winter seasons (December–March) from 1958/1959 to 2019/2020. During the study period, the passage of cyclones around northern Japan showed a decreasing trend. Most cyclones that pass around northern Japan are generated over the northern part of the Sea of Japan, which is an area where cyclogenesis has decreased during the study period. Weather pattern classification based on synoptic scale atmospheric conditions revealed that passage of upper‐level troughs and occurrence of lower‐level cold air outbreaks are the preferential conditions for cyclogenesis in this region. In addition, the intensity of the cold air outbreak in this region was weakened during the study period. These results suggest that changes in atmospheric conditions due to climate change have reduced mesocyclone genesis over the northern Sea of Japan, resulting in the reduction in the number of cyclones passing over and around northern Japan.
Evaluating observed and future spatiotemporal changes in precipitation and temperature across China based on CMIP6‐GCMs
Authors: Lu Kaidong , Arshad Muhammad , Ma Xieyao , Ullah Irfan , Wang Jianjian , Shao Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the performance of 46 global climate models (GCMs) from the newly released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in the historical simulation of precipitation and temperature, and select the best performing GCMs for future projection across China and three major river basins. This study uses four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5 relative to the base period (1961–2014). Initially, 46 models were evaluated across China employing an improved Taylor diagram method. Based on relatively better performance, 10 best‐performing models (TBMs) were selected out of 46 models for further evaluation. The results show that historical temperature was well reproduced by CMIP6 over the study regions with a high correlation coefficient (CC). All the TBMs produced good CC ranging from 0.8 to 0.99 presenting the precipitation and temperature distribution well. Meanwhile, EC‐Earth3 and EC‐Earth3‐Veg well simulated the precipitation and temperature amounts as well as trends over selected three river basins. The multimodel ensemble mean (MME) underestimates temperature over China and selected three basins with bias values of −0.53, −0.21, −0.91, and −0.68°C, respectively. In contrast, MEM overestimated the simulated precipitation with the amount of 27.7, 32.4, 21.0, and 104.6% across China and selected three basins. During future projections, increased precipitation and temperature trends are projected over three selected river basins as well as all across China. The increasing trend of future precipitation over China under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios are 0.65, 0.86, 1.29, and 0.76 mm·a−1, whereas, the increasing trend of temperature is 0.008, 0.028, 0.050, and 0.065°C·a−1, respectively. Comparatively, the greater the radiation force, the higher projected increases in precipitation and temperature across China and three major river basins were observed. The extent of CMIP6 models over the target region and its river basins calls for further deep assessment of the attribution and possible implementation of robust methods that can accurately simulate the observed patterns for future practice.
Source and hub of inflammation: The infrapatellar fat pad and its interactions with articular tissues during knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhou Sijia , Maleitzke Tazio , Geissler Sven , Hildebrandt Alexander , Fleckenstein Florian Nima , Niemann Marcel , Fischer Heilwig , Perka Carsten , Duda Georg N. , Winkler Tobias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis, the most prevalent degenerative joint disorder worldwide, is driven by chronic low‐grade inflammation and subsequent cartilage degradation. Clinical data on the role of the Hoffa or infrapatellar fat pad in knee osteoarthritis are, however, scarce. The infrapatellar fat pad is a richly innervated intracapsular, extrasynovial adipose tissue, and an abundant source of adipokines and proinflammatory and catabolic cytokines, which may contribute to chronic synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone remodeling during knee osteoarthritis. How the infrapatellar fat pad interacts with neighboring tissues is poorly understood. Here, we review available literature with regard to the infrapatellar fat pad's interactions with cartilage, synovium, bone, menisci, ligaments, and nervous tissue during the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Signaling cascades are described with a focus on immune cell populations, pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, mesenchymal stromal cells, and molecules derived from conditioned media from the infrapatellar fat pad. Understanding the complex interplay between the infrapatellar fat pad and its neighboring articular tissues may help to better understand and treat the multifactorial pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Comparison and optimization of sheep in vivo intervertebral disc injury model
Authors: Constant Caroline , Hom Warren W. , Nehrbass Dirk , Carmel Eric‐Norman , Albers Christoph E. , Deml Moritz C. , Gehweiler Dominic , Lee Yunsoo , Hecht Andrew , Grad Sibylle , Iatridis James C. , Zeiter Stephan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current standard of care for intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, surgical discectomy, does not repair annulus fibrosus (AF) defects, which is partly due to the lack of effective methods to do so and is why new repair strategies are widely investigated and tested preclinically. There is a need to develop a standardized IVD injury model in large animals to enable comparison and interpretation across preclinical study results. The purpose of this study was to compare in vivo IVD injury models in sheep to determine which annulus fibrosus (AF) defect type combined with partial nucleus pulposus (NP) removal would better mimic degenerative human spinal pathologies.MethodsSix skeletally mature sheep were randomly assigned to one of the two observation periods (1 and 3 months) and underwent creation of 3 different AF defect types (slit, cruciate, and box‐cut AF defects) in conjunction with 0.1 g NP removal in three lumbar levels using a lateral retroperitoneal surgical approach. The spine was monitored by clinical CT scans pre‐ and postoperatively, at 2 weeks and euthanasia, and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology after euthanasia to determine the severity of degeneration (disc height loss, Pfirrmann grading, semiquantitative histopathology grading).ResultsAll AF defects led to significant degenerative changes detectable on CT and MR images, produced bulging of disc tissue without disc herniation and led to degenerative and inflammatory histopathological changes. However, AF defects were not equal in terms of disc height loss at 3 months postoperatively; the cruciate and box‐cut AF defects showed significantly decreased disc height compared to their preoperative height, with the box‐cut defect creating the greatest disc height loss, while the slit AF defect showed restoration of normal preoperative disc height.ConclusionsThe tested IVD injury models do not all generate comparable disc degeneration but can be considered suitable IVD injury models to investigate new treatments. Results of the current study clearly indicate that slit AF defect should be avoided if disc height is used as one of the main outcomes; additional confirmatory studies may be warranted to generalize this finding.
miR‐450a exerts oncosuppressive effects in breast carcinoma by targeting CREB1
Authors: Zhang Ying , Han Xiao‐Xu , Lin Xiao‐Meng , Li Zhong , Zhang Jun‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence greatly implicates that microRNA‐450a (miR‐450a) plays an essential role in cancer pathobiology. While the pathological role of miR‐450a in breast carcinogenesis remains enigmatic. Herein, we showed that miR‐450a was lowly expressed in breast cancer cell lines compared with normal, and low miR‐450a expression was associated with poor survival in patients with breast cancer. We revealed that miR‐450a mimic transfected breast cancer cells (T47D and BT474) exhibited attenuated capacities of proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and miR‐450a suppressed T47D cell growth in a xenograft tumor model. Mechanistically, cAMP response element‐binding protein 1 (CREB1) was negatively targeted by miR‐450a, and CREB1 deletion mimicked the effects of miR‐450a mimic treatment. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that elevated expression of CREB1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer and miR‐450a level was negatively correlated with CREB1 level in breast cancer. Additionally, miR‐450a inhibited the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/V‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (PI3K/AKT) and the activities of matrix metalloproteinase‐2/9 (MMP‐2/9). The following rescue assay indicated that CREB1 was implicated in the anti‐tumoral effect of mR‐450a in breast carcinoma. All these observations disclosed that miR‐450a negatively regulates the growth and metastatic property of breast carcinoma cells.
Immediate repeated testing (IRT) for BPPV: A cost‐effective examination
Authors: H. Mella Mariam , Al Hakim Elena , Khoury Jihad , Fata Fouad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo show that a negative Dix‐Hallpike test or Pagnini‐McClure test may convert into positive after head shaking in cases of semicircular canalith jam.MethodsThis is a retrospective study, where 768 cases of BPPV were studied of which 36 were found to have canalith jam.ResultsThirty‐six patients (4.7%) presented with canalith jam; 4.8% of posterior canal BPPV and 3.7% of lateral canal BPPV were attributed to canalith jam.ConclusionImmediate repeated testing for BPPV allows us to identify undiagnosed cases of BPPV where canalith jam has occurred. It is a cost‐effective technique that provides benefits for clinicians, patients, and the healthcare system.
Fibrous Polyethyleneimine‐Functionalized Cellulose Materials for CO2 Capture and Release
Authors: Vocht Marc P. , Tomasic Patricija , Beyer Ronald , Müller Alexandra , Zuberbühler Ulrich , Stürmer Bernd , Hermanutz Frank , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPoly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) immobilized on support materials are valuable alternatives to aqueous amine solutions for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from the atmosphere since the thermal desorption of CO2 from these materials usually requires less energy. Herein, fibrous PEI‐functionalized carrier systems based on cellulose, cellulose tosylate (CT), and cellulose carbamate (CC) are described. Branched PEI is used for functionalization since higher CO2 sorption capacities compared to linear PEIs can be achieved. Under wet conditions, a PEI‐functionalized nonwoven material has a sorption capacity of 0.026 mg CO2/mg adsorbent; complete and reversible CO2 desorption is accomplished at 80 °C.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Black Phosphorus via a Diazotization Strategy for Efficient Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Qiu Shuilai , Chen Weijian , Yang Wenhao , Song Lei , Hu Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSevere flame retardancy and poor impact resistance of epoxy resins (EPs) have become key factors limiting their industrial application. Herein, a strategy is developed to integrate nitrogen‐rich black phosphorus (BP) loaded with cerium oxide via aryl diazonium chemistry to reduce the flame risk of the EPs. Cone test results exhibit that the fire hazard of EPs containing 2 wt.% BP‐NHH‐Ce is suppressed effectively, such as that total heat release rate (THR) is reduced by 46.9%, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) is reduced by 56.2%, and the total smoke production (TSP) is reduced by 48.9%. With only 1.0 wt.% of the BP‐NHH‐Ce added, the nanocomposite can reach up to 30.5 of LOI value and simultaneously upgrade the UL‐94 rate to V‐0. In addition, the nano‐structure is beneficial to stress transfer and homogenization, which leads to significant elevation (28.2%) for the impact strength of EPs. This developed new EP/BP‐NHH‐Ce nanocomposite merits the high‐end field application of EPs.
Enhancing Hole Transport of Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by a Cruciform Oligothiophene for Effective p‐Type Doping
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Ren Fumeng , Wen Yu , Xu Zhangwang , Sun Juan , Yan Zhenzhen , Ding Lei , Hai Xia , Zhang Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEffective p‐type doping is essential to enhance hole transport and balance electron–hole injection in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). Here, an oligothiophene material is adopted as a p‐type dopant in the hole‐transport layer, considering its cruciform cross‐center structure, precise molecular weight, and high purity. Compared with the dopant‐free counterpart, hole transport capability at the optimal doping level exhibits a significant improvement, producing a boosted external quantum efficiency (EQE) and luminance up to 20.8%, 213 439 cd m–2, respectively, among the highest reported on the red‐light emission. The work indicates the potential applications of oligothiophene material in red light‐emitting devices.