bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of α5 GABAA receptor modulation on social interaction, memory, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Aranđelović Jovana , Santrač Anja , Batinić Bojan , Todorović Lidija , Stevanović Vladimir , Tiruveedhula Veera Venkata Naga Phani Babu , Sharmin Dishary , Rashid Farjana , Stanojević Boban , Cook James M. , Savić Miroslav M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsGABAergic modulation involved in cognitive processing appears to be substantially changed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a widely used 5xFAD model of AD, we aimed to assess if negative and positive allosteric modulators of α5 GABAA receptors (NAM and PAM, respectively) would affect social interaction, social, object and spatial memory, and neuroinflammation.MethodsAfter 10‐day treatment with PAM, NAM, or solvent, 6‐month‐old transgenic and non‐transgenic 5xFAD mice underwent testing in a behavioral battery. Gene expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, GFAP, and IBA‐1 were determined in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex by qPCR.ResultsPAM treatment impaired spatial learning in transgenic females compared to solvent‐treated transgenic females, and social recognition in transgenic and non‐transgenic males. NAM treatment declined social interaction in transgenic and non‐transgenic males, while had beneficial effect on cognitive flexibility in non‐transgenic males compared to solvent‐treated non‐transgenic males. Transgenic animals have not fully displayed cognitive symptoms, but neuroinflammation was confirmed. NAM reduced proinflammatory gene expressions in transgenic females and astrogliosis in transgenic males compared to pathological controls.ConclusionPAM and NAM failed to exert favorable behavioral effects in transgenic animals. Suppression of neuroinflammation obtained with NAM calls for more studies with GABAergic ligands in amyloid beta‐ and/or tau‐dependent models with prominent neuroinflammation.
New hope for Parkinson's disease treatment: Targeting gut microbiota
Authors: Fan Hong‐Xia , Sheng Shuo , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere might be more than 10 million confirmed cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) worldwide by 2040. However, the pathogenesis of PD is still unclear. Host health is closely related to gut microbiota, which are affected by factors such as age, diet, and exercise. Recent studies have found that gut microbiota may play key roles in the progression of a wide range of diseases, including PD. Changes in the abundance of gut bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori, Enterococcus faecalis, and Desulfovibrio, might be involved in PD pathogenesis or interfere with PD therapy. Gut microbiota and the distal brain achieve action on each other through a gut‐brain axis composed of the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system. Here, this review focused on the current understanding of the connection between Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota, to provide potential therapeutic targets for PD.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with or without immunosuppression reduction in neutropenic kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Sandal Shaifali , Yao Han , Alam Ahsan , Arienzo David D’ , Baran Dana , Cantarovich Marcelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeutropenia post‐kidney transplantation is associated with adverse graft and patient outcomes. We aimed to analyze the effect of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) use with and without immunosuppression reduction on graft outcomes in neutropenic recipients.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we identified 120 recipients with neutropenia, within the first‐year post‐transplant.ResultsOf these, 45.0% underwent no intervention, 17.5% had immunosuppression reduced, 18.3% were only given G‐CSF, and 19.2% had both interventions. Overall, 61 patients experienced the composite outcome of de‐novo DSA, biopsy‐proven acute rejection, and all‐cause graft failure and the cumulative incidence of this outcome did not vary by any of the four interventions (p = .93). When stratifying the cohort by G‐CSF use alone, those who received G‐CSF were more likely to have had severe neutropenia (<500/mm3: 51.1% vs. 12.0%,p < .001), and immunosuppression reduction (51.1% vs. 28.0%,p = .003). However, the composite outcome was not different in the G‐CSF and no G‐CSF cohort (53.3% vs. 49.3%,p = .67), and in a multivariate model, G‐CSF use was not associated with this outcome (aHR = 1.18, 95% CI: .61–2.30). However, a trend towards higher DSA production was noted in the G‐CSF cohort (87.5% vs. 62.2%) and this observation warrants prospective evaluation.ConclusionOverall, we conclude that G‐CSF use with or without immunosuppression reduction was not associated with graft outcomes.
Service at risk in delivery operations
Authors: Hekimoğlu Mert Hakan , Park John H. , Kazaz Burak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines disruption risks at fulfillment centers and develops risk mitigation strategies based on inventory stocking and delivery decisions. It considers a Fortune 150 firm whose delivery operations are designed to fulfill the orders from contracted business customers within the next day. The firm promises its customers that the probability of late deliveries exceeding a certain threshold will be limited. We coin this requirement as the service‐at‐risk (SaR) constraint. The firm proactively determines the inventory amount to be kept in each fulfillment center. If a disruption occurs, the firm determines the best way to deliver orders from its operational fulfillment centers and vendors under disruption length and demand uncertainty to minimize additional costs and satisfy the SaR constraint. This article makes four main contributions. First, we find a surprising result that total inventory commitment can decrease with risk aversion when there exists a disruption possibility that impacts two nearby facilities together. Using actual data from the motivating firm, the numerical analysis demonstrates that this phenomenon exists in practice. Second, we define a new metric: The Risk Dispersion Index (RDI), which measures the dispersion in risk exposure across fulfillment centers. It leads to a lower and more balanced risk exposure in the firm's delivery operations. Third, we find that a facility may elect to abandon its own customers to serve the customers of a disrupted facility; this behavior becomes more prominent under risk aversion. Fourth, the introduction of demand uncertainty leads to a smaller inventory commitment for a risk‐neutral retailer.
Electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging of epileptiform discharges: Noninvasive investigation of the whole brain
Authors: Ikemoto Satoru , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Gotman Jean 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSimultaneous electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) is a unique and noninvasive method for investigating epileptic activity. Interictal epileptiform discharge‐related EEG‐fMRI provides cortical and subcortical blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal changes specific to epileptic discharges. As a result, EEG‐fMRI has revealed insights into generators and networks involved in epileptic activity in different types of epilepsy, demonstrating—for instance—the implication of the thalamus in human generalized spike and wave discharges and the role of the default mode network in absences and focal epilepsy, and has suggested a mechanism for the cortico‐subcortical interactions in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome discharges. EEG‐fMRI can find deep sources of epileptic activity not available to scalp EEG or magnetoencephalography, and provides critical new information to delineate the epileptic focus when considering surgical treatment or electrode implantation. In recent years, methodological advances, such as artifact removal and automatic detection of events, have rendered this method easier to implement, and its clinical potential has since been established by evidence of the impact of BOLD response on clinical decision‐making and of the relationship between concordance of BOLD responses with extent of resection and surgical outcome. This review presents the recent developments in EEG‐fMRI methodology and EEG‐fMRI studies in different types of epileptic disorders as follows: EEG‐fMRI acquisition, gradient and pulse artifact removal, statistical analysis, clinical applications, presurgical evaluation, altered physiological state in generalized genetic epilepsy, and pediatric EEG‐fMRI studies.
Serosurveillance of equine coronavirus infection among Thoroughbreds in Japan
Authors: Kambayashi Yoshinori , Nemoto Manabu , Tsujimura Koji , Ohta Minoru , Bannai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine coronavirus (ECoV) causes fever, lethargy, anorexia and gastrointestinal signs in horses. There has been limited information about the prevalence and seasonality of ECoV among Thoroughbreds in Japan.ObjectivesTo understand the epidemiology and to evaluate the potential risk of ECoV infection to the horse industry in Japan.Study designLongitudinal.MethodsThe virus‐neutralisation (VN) test was performed using sera collected three times a year at 4 months intervals from 161 yearlings and at 6–7 months intervals from 181 active racehorses in Japan in 2017–2018, 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. VN titre ≥1:8 was defined as seropositive, and ≥4‐fold increase in titres between paired sera was regarded as indicative of infection.ResultsThe VN test showed that 44.1% (71/161) of yearlings were seropositive in August, when they first entered the yearling farm. The infection rate was significantly higher between August and December (60.9%, 98/161) than between December and the following April (5.6%, 9/161; p = 0.002). Among the racehorses, it was significantly higher between November and the following May (15.5%, 28/181) than between the preceding April/May and November (0%; p = 0.02). The morbidity rates during the estimated periods of viral exposure were 39.2% in the yearlings and 4% in the racehorses. No horses showed any severe clinical signs.Main limitationsClinical records did not cover the period during horses' absence from the training centre.ConclusionsECoV was substantially prevalent in Thoroughbred yearlings and racehorses in Japan, and there was a difference in epizootic pattern between these populations in terms of predominant periods of infection. ECoV infection was considered to be responsible for some of the pyretic cases in the yearlings. However, no diseased horses were severely affected in either population, suggesting that the potential risk of ECoV infection to the horse industry in Japan is low.
Living alongside past trauma: Lived experiences of Australian grandchildren of Holocaust survivors
Authors: Greenfeld Daliya , Reupert Andrea , Jacobs Nicky 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe explore the experience of intergenerational transmission of trauma in grandchildren of Holocaust survivors.BackgroundImpacts of mass and collective trauma may exceed those initially affected to include the survivor's extended family and, thus, impact families for generations to come. Understanding these impacts is paramount to developing interventions and support programs for the survivors and their families.MethodFourteen semistructured interviews were conducted with randomly recruited 11 female and three male Australian grandchildren of Holocaust survivors (Mage = 36.5 years). Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsSix main themes were identified: knowledge about the past, communication modes about the Holocaust, kinship with other descendants, emotional reactions, the meaning of the Holocaust, and impacts on present life.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated that intergenerational transmission of trauma occurred and included both features of vulnerability and resilience. Although traumatic content was mainly transmitted through open communication, echoes of the past trauma were also transmitted nonverbally.ImplicationsThere is scope for developing and formulating guidelines for clinicians working with families of collective trauma survivors to educate the clients and support familial communication pathways. Additional clinical and research implications are discussed.
Hematite‐promoted nitrate‐reducing Fe(II) oxidation by Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1: Roles of mineral catalysis and cell encrustation
Authors: Cheng Kuan , Li Han , Yuan Xiu , Yin Yunlu , Chen Dandan , Wang Ying , Li Xiaomin , Chen Guojun , Li Fangbai , Peng Chao , Wu Yundang , Liu Tongxu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough nitrate‐reducing Fe(II) oxidizing (NRFO) bacteria can grow sustainably in natural environments, numerous laboratory studies suggested that cell encrustation‐induced metabolism limitations and cell death occurred more seriously in the absence of natural minerals. Hence, a study on how natural minerals could affect NRFO is warranted. This study examined the impact of hematite on NRFO by Acidovorax sp. BoFeN1 with different electron donors (acetate and Fe(II), acetate alone, and Fe(II) alone) and with nitrate as an electron acceptor. When acetate and Fe(II) were used as the electron donors, the amount of Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction was enhanced in the presence of hematite, whereas no promotion was observed when only acetate was added as an electron donor. Under the conditions with only Fe(II) added as an electron donor, the level of Fe(II) oxidation was increased from 3.07 ± 0.06 to 3.92 ± 0.02 mM in the presence of hematite and nitrate reduction was enhanced. This suggests that hematite promotes microbial nitrate reduction by accelerating the biological oxidation of Fe(II). The main secondary minerals were goethite and lepidocrocite. After adding hematite, the assemblage of iron minerals on the cell surface decreased, and the cell crusts became thinner, indicating that hematite effectively mitigated cell encrustation. Furthermore, hematite accelerated the chemical oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrite. Hence, hematite can promote the NRFO of Acidovorax sp. BoFeN1 via two possible pathways: (i) hematite acts as nucleation sites to mitigate cell encrustation; (ii) hematite catalyzes the biological and chemical oxidation of Fe(II) through the mineral catalysis effects. This study highlights the importance of existing iron minerals on NRFO and sheds light on the survival strategy of NRFO bacteria in anoxic subsurface environments.
The correlation betweeneBirdcommunity science and weather surveillance radar‐based estimates of migration phenology
Authors: Haas Elaina K. , La Sorte Frank A. , McCaslin Hanna M. , Belotti Maria C. T. D. , Horton Kyle G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimMeasuring avian migration can prove challenging given the spatial scope and the diversity of species involved. No one monitoring technique provides all the pertinent measures needed to capture this macroscale phenomenon – emphasizing the need for data integration. Migration phenology is a key metric characterizing large‐scale migration dynamics and has been successfully quantified using weather surveillance radar (WSR) data and community science observations. Separately, both platforms have their limitations and measure different aspects of bird migration. We sought to make a formal comparison of the migration phenology estimates derived from WSR and eBird data – of which we predict a positive correlation.LocationContiguous United States.Time period2002–2018.Major taxa studiedMigratory birds.MethodsWe estimated spring and autumn migration phenology at 143 WSR stations aggregated over a 17‐year period (2002–2018), which we contrast with eBird‐based estimates of spring and autumn migration phenology for 293 nocturnally migrating bird species at the 143 WSR stations. We compared phenology metrics derived from all species and WSR stations combined, for species in three taxonomic orders (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Passeriformes), and for WSR stations in three North American migration flyways (western, central and eastern).ResultsWe found positive correlations between WSR and eBird‐based estimates of migration phenology and differences in the strength of correlations among taxonomic orders and migration flyways. The correlations were stronger during spring migration, for Passeriformes, and generally for WSR stations in the eastern flyway. Autumn migration showed weaker correlation, and in Anseriformes correlations were weakest overall. Lastly, eBird‐based estimates slightly preceded those derived from WSR in the spring, but trailed WSR in the autumn, suggesting that the two data sources measure different components of migration phenology.Main conclusionsWe highlight the complementarity of these two approaches, but also reveal strong taxonomic and geographic differences in the relationships between the platforms.
Determinants associated with the incidence of occupational accidents among visiting nurses from home‐visit nursing agencies: Secondary analysis of cross‐national survey data in Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Masayo , Morioka Noriko 
Published: July 2022

AimThis study aimed to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among home‐visiting nurses from home‐visit nursing agencies and relevant factors.MethodsData from a questionnaire survey, conducted in March 2020, concerning home‐visit nursing agencies were used as a secondary source. A total of 9979 agencies were surveyed. The questionnaires included items relating to the number of occupational accidents experienced by visiting nurses that occurred during a 3‐month period. The occurrence of accidents in an agency was set as a dependent variable, and logistic regression analysis was performed on its association with agency attributes. For agencies in which accidents occurred, the number of accidents per 10 full‐time‐equivalent nurses was estimated, and multiple regression analysis was administered to investigate its association with agency attributes.ResultsThe findings of the logistic regression analysis revealed that new agencies, a greater number of full‐time‐equivalent nurses, emergency visitation support, and performing an analysis of accident cases for accident prevention were significantly associated with the occurrence of accidents. A median of 3.3 accidents occurred per 10 full‐time‐equivalent nurses at such agencies. Multiple regression analysis showed that a lower number of full‐time‐equivalent nurses was significantly associated with an increase in the frequency of accidents.ConclusionsThese results suggest that to devise and deploy safety measures for visiting nurses, all home‐visit nursing agencies must build reporting and analysis systems for occupational accidents among home‐visiting nurses. Moreover, ensuring safety measures for nurses working in small‐scale agencies is of utmost importance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 588–596.
N‐terminal Ago‐binding domain of GW182 contains a tryptophan‐rich region that confer binding to the CCR4–NOT complex
Authors: Wakiyama Motoaki , Takimoto Koji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGW182 family proteins are a key component of microRNA–protein complex eliciting translational repression and/or degradation of microRNA‐targets. The microRNAs in complex with Argonaute proteins bind to target mRNAs, and GW182 proteins are recruited by association with Argonaute proteins. The GW182 protein acts as a scaffold that links the Argonaute protein to silencing machineries including the CCR4–NOT complex which accelerates deadenylation and inhibits translation. The carboxyl‐terminal effector domain of GW182 protein, also called the silencing domain, has been shown to bind to the subunits of the CCR4–NOT complex, the CNOT1 and the CNOT9. Here we show that a small region within the amino‐terminal Argonaute‐binding domain of human GW182/TNRC6A can associate with the CCR4–NOT complex. This region resides between the two Argonaute‐binding sites and contains reiterated GW/WG‐motifs. Alanine mutation experiments showed that multiple tryptophan residues are required for the association with the CCR4–NOT complex. Furthermore, co‐expression and immunoprecipitation assays suggested that the CNOT9 subunit of the CCR4–NOT complex is a possible binding partner of this region. Our work, taken together with previous studies, indicates that the human GW182 protein contains multiple binding interfaces to the CCR4–NOT complex.
Factors affecting knowledge of recovery‐oriented practice amongst mental health nursing and medical staff working on acute mental health inpatient units
Authors: Hardy Jonathan , Parker Stephen , Hughes Ian , Anand Muthur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver recent decades, the shift to recovery‐oriented practice has been central to mental health policy. Despite this emphasis, mental health services can struggle to meet this expectation. This study explores the knowledge and attitudes in relation to the recovery‐oriented practice of clinical staff working at an Australian acute inpatient mental health unit. The Recovery Knowledge Inventory (RKI) is a widely used self‐report tool that assesses mental health professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards recovery; higher scores indicate higher levels of recovery knowledge and attitudes. Seventy‐four staff members (44 nursing staff and 30 medical staff) completed the RKI via an online survey. The study has been reported according to the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. The relationships between the RKI scores and a range of variables were considered using inferential statistics, including multivariate regression. Medical staff had higher mean RKI scores than nursing staff, although this did not meet the predefined threshold for a clinically significant difference. More years of mental health experience were associated with increased mean RKI scores for medical staff. This Australian inpatient staff cohort demonstrated higher mean RKI scores than have been observed in recent international studies of mental health professions. However, the recovery knowledge and attitude levels were disappointingly similar to those shown in earlier Australian research completed over a decade ago. Efforts are needed to further enhance the recovery knowledge of clinicians working in mental health inpatient units.
Epidemiological analysis of the first 1000 cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 lineage BA.1 (B.1.1.529, Omicron) compared with co‐circulating Delta in Wales, UK
Authors: Pacchiarini Nicole , Sawyer Clare , Williams Christopher , Sutton Daryn , Roberts Christopher , Simkin Felicity , King Grace , McClure Victoria , Cottrell Simon , Clayton Helen , Beazer Andrew , Williams Catie , Rey Sara M. , Connor Thomas R. , Moore Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Omicron (lineage B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was first reported in Wales, UK, on 3 December 2021. The aim of the study was to describe the first 1000 cases of the Omicron variant by demographic, vaccination status, travel and severe outcome status and compare this to contemporaneous cases of the Delta variant.MethodsTesting, typing and contact tracing data were collected by Public Health Wales and analysis undertaken by the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC). Risk ratios for demographic factors and symptoms were calculated comparing Omicron cases to Delta cases identified over the same time period.ResultsBy 14 December 2021, 1000 cases of the Omicron variant had been identified in Wales. Of the first 1000, just 3% of cases had a prior history of travel revealing rapid community transmission. A higher proportion of Omicron cases were identified in individuals aged 20–39, and most cases were double vaccinated (65.9%) or boosted (15.7%). Age‐adjusted analysis also revealed that Omicron cases were less likely to be hospitalised (0.4%) or report symptoms (60.8%). Specifically a significant reduction was observed in the proportion of Omicron cases reporting anosmia (8.9%).ConclusionKey findings include a lower risk of anosmia and a reduced risk of hospitalisation in the first 1000 Omicron cases compared with co‐circulating Delta cases. We also identify that existing measures for travel restrictions to control importations of new variants identified outside the United Kingdom did not prevent the rapid ingress of Omicron within Wales.