bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second Generation European Corn Borer Insecticide Efficacy Trials, Wamego, Ks, 1984
Authors: Gibb Timothy J. , Higgins Randall A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifty-six plots of dryland corn, each 4 rows wide by 40 ft (30-inch spacing), were established. The 14 treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design on 2 dates. Spray dates were 19 Jul (after adult emergence was underway) and 30 Jul (near the peak of oviposition). Sprays were applied in water (20 gpa at 40 psi) with a manually propelled, high-clearance, bicycle-wheeled applicator. Three spray nozzles (hollow-cone, no. 6X, Spraying Systems Co) were used per row. One nozzle sprayed from above the row and the other 2 (one on each side of the row) were located on 15-inch drops and directed to treat the ear zone. The granular product, Counter 15G, was applied as a 9-inch over the row band with electrically-driven Noble applicators (modified by Almaco, Nevada, IA) which were mounted on the sprayer frame. On 1 Sep the stalks of 20 plants per plot, selected from the 2 middle rows, were split from soil level to tassel and evidence of infestation by second generation borers recorded on a plant-by-plant basis. Tunnels (no. per 20 plants) and borers/borer-infested stalk were recorded.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1984
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control corn rootworm larvae were evaluated at two locations in IL. Corn was planted in 30-inch rows on 8 May in a fall plowed, spring disked field at Champaign and on 16 May in a spring disked field at Bloomington. Both fields were planted late the previous spring and had very high corn rootworm beetle populations that summer and contained numerous corn rootworm eggs that fall (ca. 14 and 13 million eggs/acre for the Champaign and Bloomington fields, respectively). Pioneer 3732 variety field corn was planted at Champaign and Funks G-4646 variety field corn was planted at Bloomington. Each insecticide treatment consisted of a single 50-ft row arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Granular insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band over the row 1 day after planting with Noble metering units attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator equipped with drag chains. Lorsban 50W was applied in a 14-inch band over the row one day after planting with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (8002 even flat fan nozzle, 3.0 ft/s, 20 psi, 10 gal water/acre based on a row width of 40 inches). The Lorsban spray was incorporated into the soil with a hand cultivator immediately after application. Root systems were evaluated for rootworm damage in mid-Jul by digging and washing 20 plants from each treatment (5 roots per row by four reps) and examining the roots for rootworm feeding damage. The standard Iowa 1 to 6 damage rating scale (1, little or no damage and 6, three or more nodes of roots destroyed) was used to measure damage.
European Corn Borer First Brood Control, 1984
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticidal treatments were examined to determine efficacy on first brood European corn borer in field corn. Materials were applied either as foliar sprays on 4 Jun or grandular applications (5-inch band) on 1 Jun ’84. Sprays were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 33.7 gal/acre of finished formulation. Grandular formulations were applied with a Candy grandular applicator that placed the material in a 5-inch band directed at the whirl of the corn plant. Plots were 4 rows, 25 ft long, with 3-foot alleys and separated by one border row. A complete randomized block experimental design was used with 4 replications in ‘Pioneer 3535’ field corn.grown on the Bobby Yeatman farm in Richmond County, VA. Individual plots were evaluated periodically by examining all plants in 25 ft of row for the presence of borer larvae. After tasseling was complete, plant heights were obtained by measuring 3 plant.s in each plot. Yields were obtained by harvesting one of the center rows.
Control of Two-Spotted Spider Mitel With Comite, Johnstown, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three adjacent fields of corn (5, 7 and 17 acres) were divided and 0.5 of each was treated aerially with Coniite + nonemulsifiable soy oil + water and the other 0.5 was treated with Comite in water. The aircraft was a Weatherlv 620 with a 46 ft wingspan and a 43 ft boom. All work was 2 gpa applied with D-6 nozzles at 35 psi, 112 mph, and a 60 ft swath. Treatments were applied 24 Jul ’84 when the crop was within 7-10 days of tasseling. The fields were furrow irrigated. All 3 had been planted to corn the previous year and had been treated at planting time with Counter 15G to control western corn rootworms. Four ear leaves were marked in each plot and one mite colony (ca. 1 sq inch) was marked on each marked leaf. The mites in the colony were counted at the time of application and the mites within the same area were counted at each subsequent sample date.
Second Generation European Corn Borer, Hand Plots, Laird, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were two 50-foot rows separated by a single buffer row. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Liquid treatments were applied on 15 Aug with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 22 gal/acre through 2 nozzles on a 30 inch boom. Granular treatments were applied through a hand-held 7 inch spreader. Treatments were evaluated on 12 Sep by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting live larvae. The field was center pivot irrigated and had received Lorsban 4E 0.75 lb (AI)/acre on 25 May for control of alfalfa webworm and Lorsban 4E 1.00 lb (AI)/acre on 5 Jul for control of first generation European corn borers.
Western Bean Cutworm Aerial Control, Joes, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were three 75-ft swaths. Treatments were applied on 2 Aug with an Air Tractor Model 301 aircraft with a 45.8-ft wingspan, 34.35-ft boom, D-2 nozzles, 287 psi, and 125 mph airspeed. Treatments were evaluated on 30 Aug by counting the number of larvae in 50 ears/plot.
Apple, Early Season Insecticide Evaluation Test, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 8 insecticide treatments and a control replicated 5 times. Plots consisted of 4 trees, 1 each of the cultivars York Imperial, Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Rome Beauty. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa. Spray dates coorresponded to the following phenological stages (cv. Golden Delicious): Half-inch green-18 Apr; Pink-4 May; Petal fall-24 May. A regular fungicide schedule (Cyprex, Benlate, Bayleton, Captan, Zineb, Manzate, Rubigan) was maintained throughout the season. Effect of treatments on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs on 25 leaves/tree (cv. York Imperial). ERM populations were evaluated by making several counts on random samples of 25 leaves/tree (cv. York Imperial), 125 leaves/treatment. Effectiveness of sprays for RAA was evaluated by examining the entire tree (cvs. Rome Beauty and York Imperial) and determining the number of infested leaves and the number of injured apples/tree. A leaf was considered infested if it contained 1 or more live aphids or showed visible signs of curling. Pest pressure was moderate.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1981
Authors: Spike B. P. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time insecticides for seedcorn maggot control were tested at the Johnston farm, 1 mile south of Ames, Iowa. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Seed furrows 25 ft long with 40-inch spacing were opened 10 May. A meat and bonemeal bait was applied to the furrow at a rate of 1.5 qt/30 ft and was watered 10 May and 14 May to maintain a moist condition. On 21 May corn was handplanted and insecticides were applied as treated seeds or as granular treatments. Granular insecticides were applied in the furrow, as a 7 or 2-inch band over the furrow (T-band) or as a band after furrow closure using Noble metering units mounted on a bicycle applicator. Granules were incorporated by raking.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevils in Alabama, 1984
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Fleischer S. J. , Nightengale S. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides to control boll weevil was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 23 Apr in 40 inch rows. Four replicates of 8 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 9 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 11.5 gal spray per acre (3.5 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet&#x99; TX6 80° nozzles/row). Plots were treated for weevils on 19 and 24 Jul, and 7, 10, 15, 20, and 27 Aug. The ca. 5-day spray interval was interrupted from 24 Jul to 7 Aug due to wet weather. Plots were oversprayed on the same dates with Bolstar to suppress bollworms. Damage was estimated by examining 25 squares collected at random from the middle 3 rows of each plot.
Insecticide Combinations for Heliothis Spp. Control, 1984
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Fleischer S. J. , Nightengale S. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides and insecticide combinations for Heliothis spp. control was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted 23 Apr in 40-inch rows. Nemacure 3E was applied at planting at a rate of 0.76 lb (AI)/acre. Four replicates of 9 treatments were included in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 9 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer at a rate of 11.5 gpa (3.5 mph, 60 psi, 2 Teejet&#x99; TX6 80° nozzles/row). Plots were treated for Heliothis spp. control on 19, 24, and 27 Jul, and 7, 10, 15, 27, and 31 Aug. Plots were oversprayed with Guthion (0.25-0.5 lb (AI)/acre) on the same days except for 31 Aug. An additional cover spray was applied on 11 Sept, ’84. Plots were not sprayed from 27 Jul to 7 Aug due to wet weather. Heliothis spp. damage was estimated by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals from the middle 3 rows of each plot. Yield data was taken by mechanically picking 2 of 3 middle rows from each plot.
Control of June Beetles in Pasture, 1984
Authors: Klein M. G. , Moyseenko J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a pasture in Todd, NC (Watauga Co.). There was no measurable thatch, soil contained 12.7% organic matter. Air temperature at treatment time (28 Sep ’83) was 64°F. Soil temperature at treatment time was 54°F at 4 inches. The larvae were third instars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Individual plots were 18 X 20 ft. The granular materials were applied with a cyclone rotary broadcast spreader. Licjuid applications were made using a John Bean centrifugal pump sprayer with three 11005 Teejet nozzles mounted on a boom, operating at full throttle with a 100 ml per second spray rate, at 100 gal water per acre. Two days after treatment 0.28 inches rain occurred. Surviving larvae were sampled 226 davs after treatment bv cutting five 7 x 6 x 3-inch deep plugs into each 18 x 20 ft block.
Control of Grasshoppers on Range, Akron, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 2 swaths in width, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were made on 12 Jul ‘84, with a Peiper PA25 aircraft fitted with Hutchison wings and 23 T-Jet Hollow cone #8–45 core nozzles calibrated to apply 1 gal/acre at 28 psi. Grasshopper counts were made with standard USDA survey techniques.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Sorghum Midge in South Texas, 1984
Authors: Cartwright B. , Royer T. , Fernandez D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen insecticides treatments were compared in 4-row by 50-ft plots of grain sorghum planted 30 Mar, ‘84 at the TAMU-Hoblitzelle Farm near Mercedes, TX. Each insecticide and rate was tested on 2 timing regimes: 3 and 6-day schedules. Plots were arranged in a split-plot design with treatments as main plots and timing as sub-plots. Applications were initiated when 15% of the panicles were in bloom and continued on schedide until 90% had completed bloom. This resulted in 4 total sprays being applied at 3-day intervals: (5, 8, 11 and 14 Jun) and 2 sprays applied at 6-day intervals (5 and 11 Jun). All treatments except the Pydrin ULV were applied with a CO2-powered sprayer in 5 gal water/ac using a four-row (1 TX4 nozzle/row) tractor-mounted boom. The Pydrin ULV was applied in cottonseed oil at 1 qt/ac with electrically powered controlled droplet applicators (Micro-Max). Because of an equipment failure, the CDA oil application was initiated 3 days later than all other treatments. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated by measuring yield and rating heads for damage using a scale of 1-10, based on the % seeds damaged in each panicle. A border of 4 rows or 13 ft was sprayed along all sides of the test area except the northern edge to minimize edge effects caused by migrating midges. An unsprayed single row border was maintained between each plot to even the distribution of midges. The number of Orius spp. were counted on 10 panicles/plot in certain treatments. Entire plots (4 row X 50 ft) were machine harvested and weighed. To monitor midge pressure, daily counts of adult midges were made in the untreated plots. Midge populations in the untreated check ranged from 1.1-45/panicle during blooming period.
Efficacy of Oil Formulations Containing Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of the Sugarcane Borer (Scb), Large-Plot Field Trial, 1983
Authors: Hensley S. D. , White W. H. , Pollet D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays containing synthetic pyrethroid insecticides or Azodrin were applied from an ultra-light aircraft flown on 30 ft (5-row) swath widths to a field of sugarcane located near Vacherie, LA, for control of season-long SCB infestations. The synthetic pyrethroids were applied in refined soybean oil at a rate of 0.5 gal of finished formulation/acre/application. Azodrin was applied in water at a finished formulation rate of 1 gal/acre. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with insecticide treatments and the untreated control replicated 4 times. Indiyidual plots ranged from 2.0 to 2.8 acres in size; each plot consisted of a contiguous block of sugarcane surrounded by ditchbanks and headlands. The first application of insecticides was made alter sugarcane internodes were visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks harbored young 1st to 3rd stage larvae in leafsheaths. Applications were repeated when that level of infestation was found again in Azodrin-treated plots. However, weekly monitoring of SCB populations was terminated 15 Sep when SCB damage is considered to no longer pose a threat to the LA sugarcane crop. Three insecticide applications were required to restrict SCB infestations below the economic threshold of crop damage; application dates were 7 Jul, 9 Aug and 7 Sep. The efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined 4-5 Oct by comparing the percentages of internodes bored (damaged) in treated plots to that found in untreated plots. Five (10-stalk) samples randomly selected in each plot were scanned for external signs of internode penetration by SCB larvae.
Sugarcane Borer Control, Effects on Non-Target Arthropods, Large Plot Field Trial, 1983
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. , Ali A. D. , Rester D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide sprays were applied 3 times to sugarcane fields located at Dugas-Leblanc Sugars near Paincourtville, LA, to evaluate full-season control of SCB infestations. Treatments were assigned to individual plots (ca. 1.5 ha each) according to a randomized complete block design with 4 replications consisting of varieties CP 72-356 (3 reps) and CP 72-370 (1 rep). All spray concentrates were applied by aircraft on a 22-m swath and all but 1 used water as a carrier at a rate of 18.8 1 finished formulation/ha/application (2 gal/acre). The exception was a low volume treatment using extra refined soybean oil with 7.0% emulsifier (emulsifier not used for first application) at 2.3 1 finished formulation/ha/application (1 qt/acre). Water mixed treatments were applied at 25 psi (nozzles down and 45° back). The oil mixed treatment (first application) was applied at 65 psi (nozzles down and 30° forward) and the subsequent applications at 50 psi (nozzles down and 45° back). The number and size of nozzles, the density (drops/cm2), and size (µ) of droplets for the water mixed sprays were 29, 8046, 23.5, and 250, respectively. These values for the first oil mixed application were 19, 8002, 26.8, and 142; and for the subsequent oil mixed applications were 22, 8003E, 18, and 180, respectively. Insecticide applications were initiated on 12 Jul, when sugarcane internodes were visible above ground and at least 5% of the stalks harbored 1st to 3rd stage larvae in the leafsheaths. A second application to all treatments was made on 4 Aug when that threshold level of infestation again was found in plots treated with Guthion. The third application, however, was made 1 wk after the Guthion threshold was exceeded (6 Sep), as infestations in most pyrethroid treated plots were below 5%. Efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined on 26 Oct (just prior to crop harvest) by examining 50 stalks from each treated and untreated plot for the presence of SCB entrance and exit holes. Non-target arthropods were continuously monitored in all treatments throughout the study using pitfall traps (pint jars filled with 150 ml of 70% methanol and 25 ml of mineral oil) embedded on the row and covered by a 22 cm dia disc supported by a tripod 3 cm above the jar and soil surface. Two traps were situated centrally 22 m apart in each plot and changed biweekly from 7 Jul to 23 Sep.
Chemical Control of the Sunflower Moth on Sunflower, 1983
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on sunflower planted at the Kans. Br. Agric. Exp. Stn., Garden City, KS. Nine treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows wide (76.2 cm row spacing) and 12.19 m long with 1.52-m alleys separating replicates. Insecticides were applied using a compressed air, backpack sprayer which delivered ca. 145 liter/ha at 1.4 kg/cm2 through a 3-nozzle boom. Sprays were applied directly to the sunflower heads on 21 and 26 Jul when plants were in the 30% and 100% bloom stage, respectively. A third application was planned 5 days later, but no adult moths were present at that time. Treatments were evaluated on 9 Aug by dissecting 6 heads from the center 2 rows of each plot and recording the number of larvae. Rainfall from the initial application to posttreatment evaluation measured 0.25 cm.
Control of Green Peach Aphids with Side-Dress Applications of Temik, 1984
Authors: Lampert E. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 4 May tobacco was transplanted into plots 30 ft (17 plants) x 15 ft (4 rows–42 inches on center) in a field of Norfolk and Appling loamy sand soil at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with 3 reps. On 7 Jun treatments were applied with a Noble granular applicator mounted on a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600. The granule dispersing fan on each hopper was replaced with a 2 inch dia hose which extended to the soil surface. This resulted in a narrow band adjacent to the plant. Within 1 h after application, all treatments were incorporated with a rotary tiller and ridged. Once a week, the topmost 6-inch leaf on 5 consecutive plants in both center rows were examined; all green peach aphids were counted and recorded. All plants in both center rows were also counted and examined for aphid colonies. Prior to analysis of variance, the proportion of aphid colonized plants were subjected to the arcsin-square root transformation.
Cereal Leaf Beetle and Aphid Control in Wheat, 1984
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Kling Carl E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae and aphids in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 8 May on ‘Feland’ wheat at the Joe Hicks farm near Warsaw, VA. A randomized block design was utilized with 4 replications. Individual plots were 15 by 6 ft spaced 2 ft apart. Spray concentrate was applied with a CO2 air sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 30 gal of finished formula per acre. Flat fan. Tee Jet AL8004, nozzles were used. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 1, 6, 9, 14, and 16 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae and aphids per 10 culms including the grain heads. Yield estimates were obtained from 30 ft of row collected from the 2 center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture.
Aphid and Virus Control in Winter Wheat, Washington, 1983-84
Authors: Pike Keith S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two trials were conducted on winter wheat planted 7 Sep ‘83 at the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. One trial consisted of 5 insecticides (granular systemics) applied at planting with the seed as in-furrow treatments; the other consisted of 8 insecticides applied 14 Oct ‘83 (early tillering stage of growth) as foliar sprays. The latter treatments were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 49 gpa at 40 psi. Plots in each trial were 4 rows (12 inches between rows) 17 ft in length, replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were planted using a tractor-mounted, 4 row belt-cone Almaco grain drill with double disc openers. Aphid control was determined on the basis of berlese funnel aphid extractions (6 plants/plot/posttreatment sample). Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was rated visually on 13 Jun ‘84 using a 1-6 scale, where 1 = no virus symptoms; 6 = severe symptoms. Plots were harvested with a Hege combine on 24 Jul ‘84.
Balsam Twig Aphid Control, 1981
Authors: Nappen Paul B. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted in April, 1981 to determine the efficacy of insecticidal soap for Balsam Twig Aphid control. Two locations in Ashe County, NC and 1 location in Waynesville, NC were selected as test sites. At each site, 100 Fraser fir trees were sprayed with Safer’s Insecticidal Soap (1.5 oz/gal) using a Solo backpack mist blower. A second block of 100 trees was left as a control. Twenty, 15-cm twig samples were taken from the center of each block before treatment and 1, 2 and 4 wk after treatment. The samples were analyzed for Balsam Twig Aphid eggs and motiles.
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control, 1982
Authors: Nappen Paul B. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A plot in Wake County, N.C. was divided into 5 blocks of approximately 50 trees per block. The trees were Virginia pines averaging 4 years of age and heavily infested with Nantucket pine tip moth. Two blocks were sprayed with Dimilin on June 11, 1982 using a UNICO No. 141U hand pump sprayer. Two other blocks were sprayed in the same manner on June 11 and again on June 17, 1982. The remaining block was left untreated. The number of infested terminal buds in each plot was counted before and after treatment. An analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test were used to determine significant treatment differences.