bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Asymmetry of Pelvic Rings: A Study Based on Three‐Dimensional Deviation Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Dengming , Huang Zhou , Wang Zhizhong , Cai Xianhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the morphological asymmetry of pelvic rings existing in healthy individuals in terms of three‐dimensional (3D) geometric shapes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective self‐control study. CT images of healthy pelvises, scanned from Jan 2014 to Jan 2019, were taken from 159 subjects (88 males and 71 females) aged 20 to 59 years (39.1 ± 8.7 years). Digital pelvic ring models were reconstructed from CT images and then flipped over the corresponding sagittal planes to obtain their mirrored models. A 3D deviation analysis of a pelvic ring was conducted between the original model and its mirrored model via model registration and quantification of the geometric differences. Next, the pelvic rings were split to the left and right hipbones. The same flipping procedures as done by pelvic rings were performed for left hipbones to obtain their mirrored models. A 3D deviation analysis was also performed between the left and right hip bones. Quantitative variables representing deviation mainly included the average deviation (AD) and the maximum deviation (MD). MDs over 4 mm and 10 mm were deemed as critical levels for evaluating the severity of asymmetry as per Matta's scoring system. The quantitative assessments of the asymmetry covered pelvic rings, bilateral hip bones and the specific anatomic regions of a hip bone.Results157 out of 159 pelvic rings (98.74%) had more than 4 mm of the MD and 27 (16.98%) of them exceeded 10 mm of the MD. The MD of pelvic rings was 1.23 times as high as that for the bilateral hip bones (7.46 mm vs. 6.08 mm, P < 0.05). The ADs of pelvic rings and bilateral hip bones were 1.28 mm and 0.94 mm, respectively (P < 0.05); 2.27% of the surface points of a pelvic ring had more than 4 mm geometric deviations compared with its mirrored model, while 0.59% (P < 0.05) of bilateral hip bones were on the same level of deviation. 119 out of 159 pelvic iliac crests (74.8%) had MDs more than 4 mm, and 15 (9.4%) reached 10 mm or more. Only 15 (9.4%) pelvises presented asymmetric features in the area of obturator foramen where the MDs exceeded 4 mm.ConclusionsPelvic asymmetry exists in the general population, but 3D geometric symmetry is present in specific anatomic regions. It implies that restoring the 3D symmetry of specific anatomic regions is more reliable than “restoring the symmetry of pelvic ring” in pelvic ring reduction or pelvic fixation design.
Reclaiming humanity together: The impact of intra‐ and interpersonal factors on survivor readiness to reconcile in post‐genocide Rwanda
Authors: Kindler Christine , Mbonyingabo Christophe , Karekezi Grace , Kang Ezer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfter the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, many grassroots initiatives in Rwanda have focused on reconciliation. The current study examined the relationships between survivor readiness to reconcile and génocidaire shame, guilt, and self‐forgiveness and survivor traumatic stress, desire for outgroup interaction, and beliefs about outgroup members. Survivors (n = 45) and their direct perpetrators (n = 46) who participated as a dyad in a local peacebuilding program were interviewed at four strategic phases. No significant relationship was found between survivor readiness to reconcile and génocidaire shame and guilt; génocidaire self‐forgiveness did not mediate this relationship. Higher survivor traumatic stress symptoms were associated with lower readiness to reconcile, and greater survivor desire for outgroup interaction was associated with greater readiness to reconcile. Fewer survivor prejudicial beliefs towards génocidaires were significantly associated with higher readiness to reconcile. Decades after the genocide, reconciliation follows a non‐linear trajectory and may be more influenced by intrapersonal than interpersonal factors.
Comparison Between Injectable Platelet‐rich Fibrin and Platelet‐rich Plasma in Ameliorating UVA‐induced Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts via the Activation of TGF‐β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Yongxin , Song Pengfei , He Jun , Liu Ben , Liu Shuguang , Zhou Youjian , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTEarly‐stage photoaging is characterized by skin laxity and wrinkling, which are mainly attributable to the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation‐mediated imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production and collagen degradation. Injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) is a novel blood concentrate with potential effects on photoaging. Over the past few decades, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been widely researched and used in different clinical fields as a first‐generation platelet concentrate. The aim of this study was to compare the antiphotoaging effects of i‐PRF in UVA‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts with those of PRP by examining cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, ROS generation, MMP‐1 and collagen I levels. The activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway by i‐PRF and PRP was also investigated using western blotting. The results showed that i‐PRF was more effective than PRP in promoting cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, i‐PRF reduced ROS generation and cell apoptosis more effectively than PRP. With respect to the mechanism of collagen I upregulation, stronger stimulation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway and greater suppression of MMP‐1 expression were achieved by i‐PRF than by PRP. Our results suggest that i‐PRF can be a promising substitute for PRP in alleviating UVA‐induced photoaging and should be explored further for its anti‐photoaging properties.
Ubiquitin of Entamoeba histolytica induces antibody response in patients with invasive amoebiasis
Authors: Flores María S. , Tamez Eva , Rangel Roberto , Monjardin Julio , Bosques Francisco , Obregón Adriana , Trejo‐Avila Laura , Quintero Isela , Gandarilla Fátima , Arevalo Katiushka , Alemán Elizabeth , Galán Luis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEntamoeba histolytica causes amoebic liver abscess (ALA) in humans. The injury of target cells by E. histolytica includes processes controlled by the ubiquitin Ehub. Previously, we found immunodominance of Ehub glycan moieties using immunized rabbits. In this work, we analysed dominance of antibodies to the glycoprotein Ehub in the sera from 52 patients with ALA. Controls were sera from 20 healthy people living in endemic areas with a high seroprevalence of antibodies to amoebas, and 20 patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) to rule out the cross‐reaction of Ehub with autoantibodies induced by liver damage. Antigens were trophozoite extract, glycoprotein Ehub and the recombinant protein E. histolytica recombinant ubiquitin (rEhub). The sera from healthy volunteers and patients with AH do not have antibodies to glycoprotein Ehub. Surprisingly, only the antibodies from patients with ALA recognized the glycoprotein Ehub, and some sera gave a faint reaction with the recombinant protein, especially because evolutionarily, the ubiquitin is conserved between species. This is the first report demonstrating that antibodies to ubiquitin Ehub are induced exclusively in patients with invasive amoebiasis, and the antibody response is mainly to the glycoprotein, indicating glycans are immunodominant. Inhibitors of the Ehub glycans could be potential treatment for amoebiasis by selectively damaging trophozoites.
Prokaryotic diversity in marine and freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Moschos Stefanos , Kormas Konstantinos Ar. , Karayanni Hera 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntensive aquaculture food production has been continually increasing over the past decades. Recirculating aquaculture is an innovative technology which relies on water reuse and removal of toxic metabolites by utilizing specific prokaryotic groups such as nitrifiers, settled in special biofilters. Focused on recent next generation sequencing‐based studies on the microbiome of recirculating aquaculture systems, this review highlights dominant genera and families, and investigates their possible metabolic function in key niches within recirculating aquaculture systems (rearing water, biofilters and fish mucosal microbiome), while aiming to identify core prokaryotic groups across studies. A total of 136 genera belonging to 77 families and 13 phyla have been characterized as dominant or functionally important in relevant studies, mainly isolated from nitrification biofilters, system water and intestinal samples of the farmed species. Proteobacteria is undoubtedly the most abundant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while Rhodobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae are the common dominant families. Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospira members are enriched in biofilter samples and serve as the most common ammonium and nitrite oxidizers, respectively. Composition of dominant genera appears system specific due to unique characteristics of individual RAS designs, although faint community patterns emerge when examining RAS by their salinity level. Considering the number of ribosomal RNA operon copies, 75% of genera are likely slow growers, dominating biofilter and water communities, whereas the few fast‐growing opportunists are mainly associated with the intestine of farmed species. Finally, this review stresses the lack of information regarding archaeal and microeukaryotic communities in recirculating aquaculture systems and prokaryotic–protist interactions.
Employment effects of joining global production networks: Does domestic value added matter?
Authors: Durongkaveroj Wannaphong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIs the emphasis placed on domestic value added in trade and industry policy‐making in developing countries consistent with the objective of employment generation through an export‐oriented development strategy? This paper examines the rationale behind this policy emphasis by first revisiting the conventional case for using the value‐added ratio as policy guidance and then undertaking an input–output analysis of the manufacturing industry in Thailand with emphasis on domestic employment generation. The analysis is based on a panel data set covering 74 manufacturing sectors from 1990 to 2015. The findings do not support the widely shared view that industries with a high value‐added ratio have greater potential to create domestic export‐induced employment. The policy implication of the results is that, in this era of economic globalization driven by global production networks, national industry policy needs to be guided by the market potential of products.
Live streaming to sustain clinical learning
Authors: Grafton‐Clarke Ciaran , Uraiby Hussein , Abraham Shalin , Kirtley Joanne , Xu Gang , McCarthy Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has necessitated the need to develop teaching innovations that provide safe, authentic clinical encounters which facilitate experiential learning. In tandem with the dissemination of teleconsultation and online teaching, this pilot study describes, evaluates and justifies a multi‐camera live‐streaming teaching session to medical students from the clinical environment.ApproachMultiple audio and video inputs capturing an outpatient clinic setting were routed through Open Broadcast Software (OBS) to create a customised feed streamed to remote learners through a videoconferencing platform. Sessions were conducted between September 2020 and March 2021. Twelve students sequentially interacted with a patient who held an iPad. Higher quality Go‐Pro cameras captured the scene, allowing students to view the consultation from the patient and doctor's perspective. A consultant then conducted a ‘gold standard’ patient consultation observed by students. A faculty member remotely facilitated the session, providing pre‐clinic teaching and debriefing. The equipment required with costing for a standard and low‐cost version is described, as well as a set‐up schematic and overview of ideal conditions and barriers encountered during trials.EvaluationAll students completed a post‐participation questionnaire, rating the overall quality of the sessions as 9.7/10. The quality of online facilitation, utility of observing peers' and consultant interaction with the patient, opportunity for peer‐to‐peer learning and availability of multiple camera angles were particularly valued by students.ImplicationsThis innovation permits an authentic clinical interaction to be experienced by multiple students remotely, promoting equitable access to high‐quality teaching, while maintaining the safety of students and patients.
Prediction of NB‐LRR resistance genes based on full‐length sequence homology
Authors: Andolfo Giuseppe , Dohm Juliane C. , Himmelbauer Heinz 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYThe activation of plant immunity is mediated by resistance (R)‐gene receptors, also known as nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NB‐LRR) genes, which in turn trigger the authentic defense response. R‐gene identification is a crucial goal for both classic and modern plant breeding strategies for disease resistance. The conventional method identifies NB‐LRR genes using a protein motif/domain‐based search (PDS) within an automatically predicted gene set of the respective genome assembly. PDS proved to be imprecise since repeat masking prior to automatic genome annotation unwittingly prevented comprehensive NB‐LRR gene detection. Furthermore, R‐genes have diversified in a species‐specific manner, so that NB‐LRR gene identification cannot be universally standardized. Here, we present the full‐length Homology‐based R‐gene Prediction (HRP) method for the comprehensive identification and annotation of a genome's R‐gene repertoire. Our method has substantially addressed the complex genomic organization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) NB‐LRR gene loci, proving to be more performant than the well‐established RenSeq approach. HRP efficiency was also tested on three differently assembled and annotated Beta sp. genomes. Indeed, HRP identified up to 45% more full‐length NB‐LRR genes compared to previous approaches. HRP also turned out to be a more refined strategy for R‐gene allele mining, testified by the identification of hitherto undiscovered Fom‐2 homologs in five Cucurbita sp. genomes. In summary, our high‐performance method for full‐length NB‐LRR gene discovery will propel the identification of novel R‐genes towards development of improved cultivars.
Exercise training improves cardiac function and regulates myocardial mitophagy differently in ischaemic and pressure‐overload heart failure mice
Authors: Guo Chen , Chen Meng‐Jie , Zhao Jin‐Rui , Wu Rui‐Yun , Zhang Yue , Li Qiang‐Qiang , Zhao Hong , Dou Jia‐Hao , Song Shou‐Fang , Wei Jin 
Published: April 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the cardioprotective effects of different aerobic exercises on chronic heart failure with different aetiologies, and is mitophagy involved?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Moderate‐intensity continuous training may be the ‘optimum’ modality for improving cardiac structure and function in ischaemic heart failure, while both moderate‐intensity continuous training and high‐intensity interval training were suitable for pressure‐overload heart failure. Various mitophagy pathways, especially parkin‐dependent pathways, participated in the protective effects of exercise on heart failure.
AbstractThe cardioprotective effects of different aerobic exercises on chronic heart failure with different aetiologies and whether mitophagy is involved remain elusive. In the current research, left anterior descending ligation and transverse aortic constriction surgeries were used to establish mouse models of heart failure, followed by 8 weeks of moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT). The results showed that for ischaemic heart failure MICT significantly improved ejection fraction (P < 0.05) and fractional shortening (P < 0.05), mitigated left ventricular end‐systolic dimension (P < 0.01), decreased brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.0001) and mitigated fibrosis (P < 0.0001), while HIIT only decreased brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.0001) and fibrosis (P < 0.0001). For pressure‐overload heart failure, both MICT and HIIT significantly increased ejection fraction (P < 0.0001) and fractional shortening (MICT: P < 0.001, HIIT: P < 0.0001), and reduced left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic dimensions, brain natriuretic peptide (P < 0.0001), and fibrosis (MICT: P < 0.01, HIIT: P < 0.0001); HIIT was even better in reducing brain natriuretic peptide. Myocardial autophagy and mitophagy were compromised in heart failure, and the exercises improved myocardial autophagic flux and mitophagy inconsistently in heart failure with different aetiologies. Significant correlations were found between multiple mitophagy pathways and the cardioprotection of the exercises. Collectively, MICT may be the ‘optimum’ modality for ischaemic heart failure, while both MICT and HIIT (especially HIIT) were suitable for pressure‐overload heart failure. Exercises differently improved myocardial autophagy/mitophagy, and multiple mitophagy‐related pathways were closely implicated in cardioprotection of exercises for chronic heart failure.
Energy Absorption Characteristics and Functional Gradient Optimization of a Hybrid Honeycomb
Authors: Gao Yuan , Huang Huaiwei 
Published: April 2022

Metastructures are extensively used in aerospace engineering. In the present work, a high-strength structure was designed based on a reentrant hexagonal honeycomb (RHH) by topology optimization. To generate a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) effect, topologically optimized cells were alternately arranged with RHH cells to obtain a hybrid hexagonal honeycomb (HHH). In comparison with other NPR structures, this structure had superior energy absorption characteristics. In addition, the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of this structure were analyzed. Finally, single, double, and triple functional gradients were introduced into the HHH. It was found that the introduction of functional gradients improved the energy absorption capacity of the structure, and that the energy absorption capacity increased with the increase in the number of functional gradients.
Low-cost nitrogen dioxide monitoring station based on metal oxide sensor and cellular network
Authors: Purbakawaca Rady , Yuwono Arief Sabdo , Alatas Husin , Subrata I Dewa Made 
Published: April 2022

Air pollution <span lang="EN-US">has a negative impact on the environment and human health. Meanwhile, the number of conventional air quality monitoring stations is minimal due to high procurement and operational costs. This study proposes a nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) pollutant measurement system using the metal oxide sensor (MOX) sensor and cellular network for data transmission in the measurement area. A calibration curve is used to measure NO<sub>2 </sub>levels based on the sensor's internal resistance changes. Measurement data of NO<sub>2 </sub>concentration, air temperature, relative humidity, and geospatial information are compiled and sent via global positioning system (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS) radio communication with transmission intervals of every minute. The database server processes the data and displays it on the web application. System testing results at the Tugu Kujang Bogor at 15:38:00-16:38:00 September 23, 2021, showed that the concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> ranged from 0.16-0.52ppm with an average of 270 ppb with an AQI of 133 in the unhealthy category for the sensitive group. The measured NO<sub>2</sub> levels are outside the range of the NO<sub>2 </sub>concentration database in the industrial areas of Bogor and Jakarta for the 2016-2020 period. Therefore, this system provides an excellent opportunity to obtain real-time measurement data in the field.</span>
Design and development of portable smart traffic signaling system with cloud-artificial intelligence enablement
Authors: Kamasetty Badarinath , Renduchintala Mahesh , Shetty Lochan Lingaraja , Chandarshekar Suresh , Shettar Rajashree 
Published: April 2022

With increasing traffic, <span lang="EN-US">apart from the major traffic junctions, there are few smaller junctions which witness heavy traffic only during a certain period of the day. For such cases, deploying of conventional traffic lights are not a viable option. A cost-effective internet of things (IoT) enabled portable smart traffic signaling system is designed using ESP32 dual core microcontroller, to assist traffic personnel working at small traffic junctions. It uses a foldable mechanical structure which can be carried easily. The system is designed to work with and without internet connectivity depending on its functionality and place of deployment. The system can be pre-programmed with default time value to work without human intervention. Using an android application, the user can manually control the traffic signal by analysing the traffic density. System gathers the traffic density information based on the operations performed by the traffic personnel and stores it in the cloud. In Smart mode, system computes the mean value and also runs K-means clustering algorithm on the dataset to generate optimized time values. Comparison of the data generated using manual and automatic modes infer the credibility of the system in generating optimized time values and reducing human effort.</span>
Protection coordination of directional over current relay with distributed generation
Authors: Tripathi Jayant Mani , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Ranjan Mrinal , Kumar Vikash , Yadav Shivam , Chandel Aseem , Singh Smriti 
Published: April 2022

The present <span lang="EN-US">study is focussed on a comparative analysis of different meta-heuristic optimization approaches for directional overcurrent relay (DOCRs) coordination which has been discussed and presented in the literature. Further, to have a comparative analysis of the performance of the optimization methods discussed they have been tested on power system network of different sizes. To overcome such issues, this work proposed a simplex linear programming technique-based overcurrent relay method using general algebraic modelling system (GAMS). The execution of this work is done on the MATLAB 2018 a platform. Based on the obtained result the best meta-heuristic optimization method for mitigating the problem of relay coordination has been identified. Nevertheless, the operating time of the relay is high, so the fault is not corrected at a time. The developed model has been tested on test system of different sizes namely IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 14 bus system. The obtained values through series of simulation are compared with different methods for proving the proposed protection coordination scheme is more effective and efficient than others in terms of operating time and coordination time.</span>