bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and implementation of the ACCP Code of Conduct
Authors: Kolpek Jimmi Hatton , Erstad Brian , Ross Leigh Ann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe decision to develop and implement an organizational Code of Conduct required the collective effort and input of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Board of Regents and staff. The process was systematic, deliberate, and reflective of the College's core values. Building an inclusive organization and embracing diversity require transparent communication of expected standards of conduct. A culture of belonging and equity for all members is necessary to ensure representation and opportunities for engagement throughout the organization.
No Evidence of Association Between Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Babey Muriel E. , Ewing Susan K. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Napoli Nicola , Schafer Anne L. , Vittinghoff Eric , Gundberg Caren M. , Schwartz Ann V. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Mouse models suggest that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), produced by the skeleton, protects against type 2 diabetes development, whereas human studies have been inconclusive. We aimed to determine if ucOC or total OC is associated with incident type 2 diabetes or changes in fasting glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), or beta-cell function (HOMA-Beta). A subcohort (n = 338; 50% women; 36% black) was identified from participants without diabetes at baseline in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Cases of incident type 2 diabetes (n = 137) were defined as self-report at an annual follow-up visit, use of diabetes medication, or elevated fasting glucose during 8 years of follow-up. ucOC and total OC were measured in baseline serum. Using a case-cohort design, the association between biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes was assessed using robust weighted Cox regression. In the subcohort, linear regression models analyzed the associations between biomarkers and changes in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-Beta over 9 years. Higher levels of ucOC were not statistically associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.06 [95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.34] per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in ucOC). Results for %ucOC and total OC were similar. Adjusted associations of ucOC, %ucOC, and total OC with changes in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-Beta were modest and not statistically significant. We did not find evidence of an association of baseline undercarboxylated or total osteocalcin with risk of incident type 2 diabetes or with changes in glucose metabolism in older adults. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Evaluating the potency of blood long noncoding RNA PVT1 as candidate biomarker reflecting inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality risk in sepsis patients
Authors: Chen Jing , Ren Haibo , Liu Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveLong noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lnc‐PVT1) promotes septic inflammation and organ injuries via multiple ways, while its clinical engagement in sepsis management is indistinct. This study aimed to investigate its relationship with inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality risk in sepsis patients.MethodsSepsis patients and age‐/gender‐matched healthy controls were enrolled; their lnc‐PVT1 expression in plasma were detected by RT‐qPCR. For sepsis patients only, the inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐17A) in plasma were detected by ELISA. According to the survival data during 28‐day follow‐up, sepsis patients were divided into sepsis survivors and sepsis deaths.ResultsLnc‐PVT1 expression was increased in sepsis patients (N = 157) compared with healthy controls (N = 80) (p < 0.001). In sepsis patients, lnc‐PVT1 was linked with higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score (p = 0.001), total sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and its most subitems (SOFA‐respiratory system, SOFA‐coagulation, SOFA‐liver, SOFA‐cardiovascular system, and SOFA‐renal system scores) (all p < 0.01), but not SOFA‐nervous system score (p = 0.091); it did not relate to primary infection sites either (p = 0.204). Furthermore, lnc‐PVT1 correlated with increased C‐reactive protein, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐17 in sepsis patients (all p < 0.01). Additionally, lnc‐PVT1 expression was higher in sepsis deaths than that in sepsis survivors (p < 0.001), following receiver‐operating characteristic curve disclosed that lnc‐PVT1 predicted 28‐day septic mortality risk (area under the curve: 0.789, 95% confidence interval: 0.702–0.875).ConclusionCirculating lnc‐PVT1 exhibits the potential as a biomarker in sepsis patients to inform inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality risk.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Metformin in Children and Adolescents With Obesity
Authors: Ford Jennifer Lynn , Gerhart Jacqueline G. , Edginton Andrea N. , Yanovski Jack A. , Hon Yuen Yi , Gonzalez Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChildhood obesity continues to rise in the United States and, with it, the off‐label use of metformin for weight loss. The influence of age and obesity on the drug's disposition and exposure has not previously been studied using a mechanistic framework. Here, an adult physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of metformin was scaled to pediatric populations without obesity, with overweight/obesity, and with severe obesity; a published virtual population of children and adolescents with obesity was leveraged during model evaluation. When the pediatric model was simulated in groups aged 10 to 18 years, oral clearance following 1000 mg of metformin was higher (≈1200 mL/min) in those with obesity and severe obesity compared to the groups without and with overweight (≈1000 mL/min). In addition, simulated area under the concentration‐time curve in older children and adolescents with obesity and severe obesity was comparable to that in adults with a similar dose‐exposure relationship. Overall, simulations using the pediatric PBPK model support the use of adult doses of metformin in older children and adolescents with obesity. Moreover, the virtual population of children and adolescents with obesity offers a valuable tool to facilitate development of pediatric PBPK models for studying populations with obesity and, in turn, contribute information to inform drug labeling in this special population.
Optical emission from focused ion beam milled halide perovskite device cross‐sections
Authors: Kosasih Felix U. , Divitini Giorgio , Orri Jordi Ferrer , Tennyson Elizabeth M. , Kusch Gunnar , Oliver Rachel A. , Stranks Samuel D. , Ducati Caterina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy has been widely used to investigate organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices. Electron‐transparent specimens (lamellae) used in such studies are often prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) milling. However, the gallium ions used in FIB milling may severely degrade the structure and composition of halide perovskites in the lamellae, potentially invalidating studies performed on them. In this work, the close relationship between perovskite structure and luminescence is exploited to examine the structural quality of perovskite solar cell lamellae prepared by FIB milling. Through hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) mapping, the perovskite layer was found to remain optically active with a slightly blue‐shifted luminescence. This finding indicates that the perovskite structure is largely preserved upon the lamella fabrication process although some surface amorphisation occurred. Further changes in CL due to electron beam irradiation were also recorded, confirming that electron dose management is essential in electron microscopy studies of carefully prepared halide perovskite‐based device lamellae.Research Highlights
Cathodoluminescence is used to study the emission of focused ion beam milled perovskite solar cell lamellae.
The perovskite remained optically active with a slightly blue‐shifted luminescence, indicating that the perovskite structure is mostly preserved.
The emergence and epidemic characteristics of the highly mutated SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant
Authors: Tian Dandan , Sun Yanhong , Xu Huihong , Ye Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first identified in Botswana in November 2021. It was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on November 24. On November 26, 2021, according to the advice of scientists who are part of the WHO's Technical Advisory Group on SARS‐CoV‐2 Virus Evolution (TAG‐VE), the WHO defined the strain as a variant of concern (VOC) and named it Omicron. Compared to the other four VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta), the Omicron variant was the most highly mutated strain, with 50 mutations accumulated throughout the genome. The Omicron variant contains at least 32 mutations in the spike protein, which was twice as many as the Delta variant. Studies have shown that carrying many mutations can increase infectivity and immune escape of the Omicron variant compared with the early wild‐type strain and the other four VOCs. The Omicron variant is becoming the dominant strain in many countries worldwide and brings new challenges to preventing and controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The current review article aims to analyze and summarize information data about the biological characteristics of amino acid mutations, the epidemic characteristics, immune escape, and vaccine reactivity of the Omicron variant, hoping to provide a scientific reference for monitoring, prevention, and vaccine development strategies for the Omicron variant.
A quasi‐experimental examination of knowledge‐sharing interventions enhancing service performance: The roles of time, occupational identity, and image
Authors: Li Ning , Zheng Xiaoming , Yu Yu , Yu Jia 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA significant amount of research has examined the antecedents and processes responsible for driving employee knowledge‐sharing behaviors. Integrating information‐processing theory and the identity‐based motivation model, we develop a contingency model whereby knowledge sharing does not always result in desirable outcomes, depending on time and individuals' motivation to learn and acquire useful information for performance improvement. Applying a longitudinal and quasi‐experimental design in a unique service context, we examine when knowledge‐sharing interventions can help employees improve service performance. Specifically, we explore the roles of time and employee occupational identity and image in helping employees leverage knowledge‐sharing activities to create superior customer service. Our results suggest that the benefits of knowledge sharing on both proximal (i.e., employee‐perceived customer gratitude) and distal service performance (i.e., customer‐rated evaluation) are contingent on time and employee‐perceived occupational image, such that the value of knowledge sharing requires time (i.e., a cumulative effect) and employees' motivation to process and absorb the shared information and to eventually leverage knowledge‐sharing activities to improve service performance.
The onlinezation influence on knowledge sharing for corporate innovation during theCoViDcrisis
Authors: Blagov Evgeny Yu. , Anand Amitabh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe article describes the study of the influence of shock onlinezation caused by the CoViD‐19 quarantine on the knowledge management performance and effectiveness in organizations. The methodology of the study is based on a set of multiple linear regression equations linking together the onlinezation, knowledge management parameters, problem‐solving and financial performance. The results of the study allow developing a set of practical recommendations regarding the development of knowledge management systems in organizations under the onlinezation context, with a special accent to solving technical and/or marketing uncertainty‐related problems with architectural or modular innovations.
Design of Ratiometric Dual‐Emitting Mechanoluminescence: Lanthanide/Transition‐Metal Combination Strategy
Authors: Zhou Su , Cheng Yao , Xu Ju , Lin Hang , Liang Wenjia , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) materials with the ability to convert mechanical stimulate into visible light signals have enabled visualized mechanics sensing. To this point, stress sensing based on ML color is preferred over that based on ML intensity in terms of both sensing reliability and visual sensitivity. In this work, a ratiometric dual‐emitting ML strategy to realize the stress‐sensitive ML color variation, where the Lanthanide/transition‐metal combination is adopted to build the dual‐activator ML system is proposed. The difference in electronic configuration between Lanthanide and transition‐metal ions leads to the significant discrepancy in the response of corresponding luminescence kinetics to the instantaneous change of local crystal field environment induced by stress, which plays a key role in the strategy. This strategy establishes a new general path for the design of novel ratiometric ML materials.
Study on conductivity and tribological properties of polyaniline/molybdenum disulfide composites in lithium complex grease
Authors: Feng Xin , Hu Chenglong , Xia Yanqiu , Wang Yuanhui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolyaniline/molybdenum disulfide (PANI/MoS2) composites doped with hydrochloric acid were synthesised by in situ polymerisation and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tribological properties of PANI/MoS2 as composite lithium grease additive were investigated by MFT‐R4000 current‐carrying friction and wear tester. SEM observed the surface morphologies of the wear scars, and energy dispersive spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysed the element distribution and chemical state. The results show that PANI/MoS2 composites have better tribological and electrical properties than PANI and MoS2 additives alone and in the same proportion. Therefore, it can be concluded that MoS2 and synergism of polyaniline modifier.
Study of dispersion stability and wear property of lubricating oil blends added with nanographene for a diesel engine
Authors: Kuang Xin , Yin Bifeng , Yang Xiping , Wang Jian , Jia Hekun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGood dispersion stability of lubricating oil blends added with graphene is the premise of playing its superior tribology property. In this paper, the dispersion stability of modified graphene in lubricating oil and the wear property of nanolubricating oil on the key friction pair for a diesel engine was studied by simulation and experiment. The results showed that the dispersion of modified graphene in lubricating oil was improved at ambient temperature and pressure and at high temperature and pressure. However, the dispersion effect of graphene at high temperature was slightly worse than that at ambient temperature. The wear property of lubricating oil blends added with modified graphene with a concentration of no more than 100 ppm was improved. With the increase of graphene addition, the wear reduction effect increased first and then decreased. The lubricating oil blend added with 25 ppm modified graphene is the best for wear reduction.
Detection of germline mosaicism in fathers of children with intellectual disability syndromes caused by de novo variants
Authors: Frisk Sofia , Wachtmeister Alexandra , Laurell Tobias , Lindstrand Anna , Jäntti Nina , Malmgren Helena , Lagerstedt‐Robinson Kristina , Tesi Bianca , Taylan Fulya , Nordgren Ann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDe novo variants are a common cause to rare intellectual disability syndromes, associated with low recurrence risk. However, when such variants occur pre‐zygotically in parental germ cells, the recurrence risk might be higher. Still, the recurrence risk estimates are mainly based on empirical data and the prevalence of germline mosaicism is often unknown.MethodsTo establish the prevalence of mosaicism in parents of children with intellectual disability syndromes caused by de novo variants, we performed droplet digital PCR on DNA extracted from blood (43 trios), and sperm (31 fathers).ResultsWe detected low‐level mosaicism in sperm‐derived DNA but not in blood in the father of a child with Kleefstra syndrome caused by an EHMT1 variant. Additionally, we found a higher level of paternal mosaicism in sperm compared to blood in the father of a child with Gillespie syndrome caused by an ITPR1 variant.ConclusionBy employing droplet digital PCR, we detected paternal germline mosaicism in two intellectual disability syndromes. In both cases, the mosaicism level was higher in sperm than blood, indicating that analysis of blood alone may underestimate germline mosaicism. Therefore, sperm analysis can be clinically useful to establish the recurrence risk for parents and improve genetic counselling.
Whole‐exome sequencing facilitates the differential diagnosis of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS)
Authors: Yang Fang , Yang Rong‐Juan , Li Qian , Zhang Jing , Meng Yan‐Xin , Liu Xiao‐Jun , Yao Yong‐Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEhlers–Danlos syndromes (EDSs) are a group of rare monogenic conditions with strong heterogeneity and can be caused by 20 genes associating with the essence of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study enrolled three cases with various subtypes of EDS. Clinical evaluation and genetic testing with whole‐exome sequencing (WES) were performed. The clinical manifestations of all three patients were thoroughly monitored; and three de novo diagnostic variants, namely COL5A1: NM_001278074.1: c.4609‐2A>C, COL3A1: NM_000090.3: c.3554G>T(p.Gly1185Val), and COL1A1: NM_000088.3: c.545G>T(p.Gly182Val) were identified from them, respectively. The findings in this study expanded the mutation spectrum of EDS and strengthened the efficiency of WES in the differential diagnosis on disorders with overlapping phenotypes and various pathogenesis.
FBR for Polyolefin Production in Gas Phase: Validation of a Two‐Phase Compartmentalized Model by Comparison with CFD
Authors: Sabia Carmine , Buffo Antonio , Casalini Tommaso , Marchisio Daniele L. , Barbato Maurizio C. , Storti Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo different modeling approaches are applied in this work to the simulation of fluidized bed reactors containing solid particles of Geldart A‐B type and operated at typical conditions for polyolefins production. On one side, a fully detailed computational fluid‐dynamics (CFD) model is developed, considering a 2D planar geometry and a multi‐fluid description with kinetic theory of granular flows. On the other, a conventional three‐phase, 1D compartmentalized model (SCM) is also developed, implementing the fluid dynamic description based on popular, semi‐empirical relationships available in the literature. Given the huge difference of computational effort associated with the corresponding numerical solutions, our aim is to confirm the reliability of the simplified model by comparison with the results of the detailed CFD model. The results show that the oversimplified compartmentalized approach is capable to predict the solid mixing features established inside the reactor operated in bubbling fluidization regime with good reliability for non‐reactive polyethylene particles. Average solid volume fractions are particularly close to the values predicted by the CFD model when monodisperse particles are considered inside the examined range of gas velocity values. A generally good agreement is also found when solids with broad size distribution are analyzed.
Food Intake Visual Scale—A practical tool for assessing the dietary intake of hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Saueressig Camila , Ferreira Pâmela Kremer , Glasenapp Joana Hoch , Dall'Alba Valesca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was whether the Food Intake Visual Scale (FIVS) can be used in clinical practice to measure food intake in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed with patients with cirrhosis between April 2017 and July 2019. The food intake was assessed through the 1‐day diet record (DR) and according to FIVS, which consists of pictures of four plates of food at different levels of consumption: “about all,” “half,” “a quarter,” or “nothing.” The analysis of variance test with Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was used to compare the mean energy intake through the DR according to the FIVS categories.ResultsThis study included 94 patients with a mean age of 60.29 ± 9.33 years. Patients with lower food intake according to the FIVS categories also had lower mean energy and macronutrient intake according to the DR: patients eating “about all” (n = 49, 52.1%) consumed a mean of 1526.58 ± 428.27 kcal/day, patients eating “half” (n = 16, 17%) consumed a mean of 1282.08 ± 302.83 kcal/day, patients eating “a quarter” (n = 25, 26.6%) consumed a mean of 978.96 ± 468.81 kcal/day, and patients eating “nothing” (n = 4, 4.3%) consumed a mean of 353.59 ± 113.16 kcal/day (P < .001).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that FIVS can be implemented in clinical practice to measure food intake in patients with decompensated cirrhosis as a substitute for the DR because it is a noninvasive, low‐cost, quick, reliable, and easy bedside method for obtaining data.
Nutrition management in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shape Jessica M. , Sala Marc A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease with manifestations in multiple organ systems, including the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, that impact adequate nutrition. This review discusses important aspects of nutrition in adults with CF with a focus on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, CF‐related diabetes, and gastrointestinal motility, as well as how advanced lung disease, CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, and aging impact nutrition in CF.
Development and characterization ofHevea brasiliensisparticulates filled polyethylene composites
Authors: Ayyanar Chinnappan Balaji , Marimuthu Krishnaswamy , Gayathri B. , Bharathiraj C. , Mohan S. K. Pradeep , M R Sanjay , Khan Anish , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHevea brasiliensis(HB) flower particulates were filled high‐density poly ethylene (HDPE) composite was molded through a vertical injection molding process. The molded composite specimens were carried out X‐ray powder diffraction analysis and found the HB filler crystal size of 12.63 nm. The morphology of the HB/HDPE composite was analyzed through field emission scanning electron microscope and the presence of different elements was found through energy dispersive X‐ray. The HB/HDPE composite was carried out thermo gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric, and found its melting point and its degradation. The HB/HDPE composite was carried out and found its mechanical properties. The observed result suggests that the newly developed composites could be used for low‐strength applications.