bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wayfinding through the “ocean of the great unknown”: how lactating parents establish a direct breastfeeding relationship with an infant with critical CHD
Authors: Elgersma Kristin M. , McKechnie Anne Chevalier , Sommerness Samantha A. , Tanner Lynn R. , Swanson Nellie Munn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Lactating parents of infants hospitalised for critical congenital heart disease (CHD) face significant barriers to direct breastfeeding. While experiences of directly breastfeeding other hospitalised neonates have been described, studies including infants with critical CHD are scarce. There is no evidence-based standard of direct breastfeeding care for these infants, and substantial practice variation exists.Aim:To explain how direct breastfeeding is established with an infant hospitalised for critical CHD, from lactating parents’ perspectives.Materials & Methods:This study is a qualitative grounded dimensional analysis of interviews with 30 lactating parents of infants with critical CHD who directly breastfed within 3 years. Infants received care from 26 United States cardiac centres; 57% had single ventricle physiology. Analysis included open, axial, and selective coding; memoing; member checking; and explanatory matrices.Results:Findings were represented by a conceptual model, “Wayfinding through the ‘ocean of the great unknown’.” The core process of Wayfinding involved a nonlinear trajectory requiring immense persistence in navigating obstacles, occurring in a context of life-and-death consequences for the infant. Wayfinding was characterised by three subprocesses: navigating the relationship with the healthcare team; protecting the direct breastfeeding relationship; and doing the long, hard work. Primary influencing conditions included relentless concern about weight gain, the infant’s clinical course, and the parent’s previous direct breastfeeding experienceConclusions:For parents, engaging in the Wayfinding process to establish direct breastfeeding was feasible and meaningful – though challenging. The conceptual model of Wayfinding explains how direct breastfeeding can be established and provides a framework for research and practice.
Long‐Term Observations of Turbulence Vertical Velocity Spectra in a Convective Mixed Layer: Dependence on Land‐Surface Forcing in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Williams Ian N. , Qiu Shaoyue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoppler lidar vertical velocity retrievals were analyzed for the scale and structure of mixed‐layer turbulence over a 7‐year period, on fair‐weather warm season days (442 cases) in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Based on the hypothesized influence of land‐surface forcing and updraft size on convective boundary layer clouds, a spectral analysis was performed to quantify effects of surface forcing (surface buoyancy flux, friction velocity, and evaporative fraction) on turbulence scale. Significant (order‐of‐magnitude) variations in spectral density were found in the energy‐production subrange and mesoscale regimes. Integral scale decreased with increasing buoyancy flux (and Monin‐Obukhov stability parameter), while spectral density in the energy‐production subrange increased, implying a transition to buoyancy‐driven cellular structures with narrower updrafts. The influence of stability parameter was limited to the neutral to convective transition, and could not explain the wide variation in spectral density in the mesoscale regime. However, high friction velocity () was associated with larger integral scale (updraft width), and a greater portion of spectral density in the mesoscale regime. Lidar profiles and radar reflectivity for individual cases revealed evidence of roll and wave‐like structures contributing to mesoscale variability on high friction velocity days, suggesting shear instabilities on days with wetter land surface conditions and smaller buoyancy flux. The role of friction velocity emphasizes the multivariate nature of surface influences on turbulence, and implies that variance‐based turbulence closures may not be adequate for capturing effects of surface forcing on updraft size.
Model of the First Lightning Return Stroke Using Bidirectional Leader Concept
Authors: Kašpar Petr , Kolmašová Ivana , Santolík Ondřej 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have developed a new lightning return stroke model which takes into account a realistic charge distribution to compute the ambient electric potential. It contains a nonlinear resistance model for the development of the finite conductivity of the lightning channel. It also describes a redistribution of charges after the bottom end of the channel is attached to the potential of the ground. The model is based on solving Maxwell's equations linked to Poisson's equation, and coupled with Ohm's law. The waveshape of the current at the channel base is obtained from the model. The simulated current decreases and its rise time increases with height, which is in accordance with the luminosity observations. The electric and magnetic field waveforms modeled for different distances from the lightning flash show that most of the waveform features typically observed at these distances are well reproduced. We also successfully compare modeled magnetic field waveforms with measurements at the distances larger than 30 km.
Moisture‐Budget Drivers of Global Projections of Meteorological Drought From Multiple GCM Large Ensembles
Authors: Norris Jesse , Chen Di , Hall Alex , Thackeray Chad W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFuture projections of global meteorological drought are evaluated in the Multi‐Model Large Ensemble Archive, including an evaluation of the atmospheric moisture budget, conditioned on drought years. Drought is defined as 5‐year running‐mean annual precipitation below some threshold, for example, 10th percentile. Drought increases in frequency over the subtropics, in addition to certain tropical regions, consistent with previous studies. The moisture‐budget decomposition allows drought to be defined as mean‐flow, eddy, or feedback droughts, depending on which term in the equation contributes the largest negative interannual anomaly. In the historical climate, mean‐flow droughts constitute most droughts at low latitudes; eddy droughts are equally common at higher latitudes; feedback droughts (i.e., droughts exacerbated by land–atmosphere feedbacks) constitute almost all droughts in water‐limited subtropical/Mediterranean regions. The future drought increases are predominantly due to increases in feedback droughts in regions where these droughts are common historically but also over the Amazon. However, over most Mediterranean‐type regions mean‐flow droughts are also large contributors, resulting from dynamics. Eddy droughts also contribute to future increases along the equatorward flanks of historical eddy‐driven jets, likely reflecting poleward shifts therein. Model uncertainty is particularly large over the Amazon and Australia, a reflection of model diversity in processes associated with land‐atmosphere interaction. Based on these results, an availability of 3‐D atmospheric data from a wider swath of global climate model large ensembles could help constrain global drought projections based on the representation of drought mechanisms in the historical climate.
Hydrologic Model Calibration With Remote Sensing Data Products in Global Large Basins
Authors: Liu Xiaomang , Yang Kun , Ferreira Vagner G. , Bai Peng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractParameters of hydrologic models are typically calibrated using in situ runoff observations. This calibration strategy cannot be implemented when runoff observations are not available. Additionally, the high accuracy of runoff simulation does not guarantee high simulation accuracy of other hydrologic variables, such as evaporation (ET) and terrestrial water storage change (TWSC), leading to uncertainties in hydrologic predictions. To overcome the shortcomings of the runoff‐based calibration strategy, ET and TWSC products from remote sensing were used to design parameter calibration schemes in 59 large basins worldwide. Runoff observations were used to evaluate the effects of different calibration schemes. Results show that single‐objective calibration schemes using the ET or TWSC products for parameter calibrations cannot obtain acceptable runoff simulations. Multi‐objective calibration schemes using the combination of ET and TWSC products for parameter calibrations had better runoff simulation accuracy. The multi‐objective calibration scheme using the combination of ET product adjusted by the Budyko formula and TWSC product as the calibration objective had the best runoff simulation accuracy. It is necessary to adjust ET products before using them for parameter calibrations of hydrologic models. The Budyko formula can be used to reduce the bias in remote sensing ET products, thereby providing better constraints on hydrologic simulations. We also find that different precipitation products used as inputs to hydrologic models can significantly affect the accuracy of runoff simulations. The results are expected to promote the application of remote sensing products in hydrologic simulations and predictions.
Gene amplification-driven lncRNA SNHG6 promotes tumorigenesis via epigenetically suppressing p27 expression and regulating cell cycle in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Wei , Yin Dandan , Tang Zaibin , Zhang Erbao , Wu Weibing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been validated to play essential roles in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) progression. In this study, through systematically screening GSE33532 and GSE29249 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and bioinformatics analysis, we found the significant upregulation of SNHG6 in NSCLC. The activation of SNHG6 was driven by copy number amplification and high expression of SNHG6 indicated a poor prognosis. Functionally, the knockdown of SNHG6 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and suppressed the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. SNHG6 overexpression had the opposite effects. Mechanically, SNHG6 recruited EZH2 to the promoter region of p27 and increased H3K27me3 enrichment, thus epigenetically repressing the expression of p27, regulating the cell cycle, and promoting tumorigenesis of NSCLC. SNHG6 silencing restrained tumor growth in vivo and suppressed the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins in the G1/S transition. In conclusion, our study uncovered a novel mechanism of SNHG6 activation and its function. SNHG6 can be considered a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC in the future.
Experiences of pregnant women with genome-wide non-invasive prenatal testing in a national screening program
Authors: van der Meij Karuna R. M. , van de Pol Qiu Ying. F. , Bekker Mireille N. , Martin Linda , Gitsels-van der Wal Janneke , van Vliet-Lachotzki Elsbeth H. , Weiss Janneke M. , Galjaard Robert-Jan H. , Sistermans Erik A. , Macville Merryn V. E. , Henneman Lidewij ,   the Dutch NIPT Consortium, van der Meij Karuna R. M. , van Vliet-Lachotzki Elsbeth H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPregnant women’s perspectives should be included in the dialogue surrounding the expanding offers of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), especially now that technological possibilities are rapidly increasing. This study evaluated women’s experiences with the offer of genome-wide (GW) first-tier NIPT in a national screening program. A nationwide pre-and post-test questionnaire was completed by 473 pregnant women choosing between targeted NIPT (trisomies 21, 18 and 13 only) and GW-NIPT (also other findings) within the Dutch TRIDENT-2 study. Measures included satisfaction, reasons for or against choosing GW-NIPT, anxiety, and opinion on the future scope of NIPT. Most respondents (90.4%) were glad to have been offered the choice between GW-NIPT and targeted NIPT; 76.5% chose GW-NIPT. Main reasons to choose GW-NIPT were ‘wanting as much information as possible regarding the child’s health’ (38.6%) and ‘to be prepared for everything’ (23.8%). Main reasons to choose targeted NIPT were ‘avoiding uncertain results/outcomes’ (33.7%) and ‘not wanting to unnecessarily worry’ (32.6%). Nearly all respondents received a low-risk NIPT result (98.7%). No differences were found in anxiety between women choosing GW-NIPT and targeted NIPT. Most respondents were favorable toward future prenatal screening for a range of conditions, including life-threatening disorders, mental disabilities, disorders treatable in pregnancy and severe physical disabilities, regardless of their choice for GW-NIPT or targeted NIPT. In conclusion, women who chose first-tier NIPT were satisfied with the choice between GW-NIPT and targeted NIPT, and most women were favorable toward a broader future screening offer. Our results contribute to the debate concerning the expansion of NIPT.
Gut microbiota in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Nishiwaki Hiroshi , Ueyama Jun , Kashihara Kenichi , Ito Mikako , Hamaguchi Tomonari , Maeda Tetsuya , Tsuboi Yoshio , Katsuno Masahisa , Hirayama Masaaki , Ohno Kinji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGut microbiota and fecal bile acids were analyzed in 278 patients with α-synucleinopathies, which were comprised of 28 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 224 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 26 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Similarly to PD, short-chain fatty acids-producing genera were decreased in DLB. Additionally,Ruminococcus torquesandCollinsellawere increased in DLB, which were not changed in PD. Random forest models to differentiate DLB and PD showed that highRuminococcus torquesand highCollinsella, which presumably increase intestinal permeability, as well as lowBifidobacterium, which are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease, were predictive of DLB. AsRuminococcus torquesandCollinsellaare also major secondary bile acids-producing bacteria, we quantified fecal bile acids and found that the production of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was high in DLB. Increased UDCA in DLB may mitigate neuroinflammation at the substantia nigra, whereas neuroinflammation may not be critical at the neocortex. Theraeutic intervention to increaseBifidobacteirumand its metabolites may retard the development and progression of DLB.
Drug coated balloon improves outcomes of sub-optimal Supera deployment in the intermediate term
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Sharma Raman , Avadhani Sriya , Tarricone Arthur , Gee Allen , Farhan Serdar , Kamran Haroon , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSub-Optimal deployment of Self expanding interwoven stents (Supera) has been shown to increase the rate of Clinically Driven Target Lesion Revascularization (CD-TLR). Meanwhile, drug coated balloons (DCB) have been shown to reduce CD-TLR in the femoral-popliteal segment in de- novo and restenotic lesions. However, the clinical effects of vessel preparation with DCB in nominal, compressed, and elongated Supera has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of clinically driven re-intervention, major amputations, and mortality in relation to the use of DCB as vessel preparation in different deployment conditions (nominal, compressed, elongated) of the Supera stent. Patient chart data was collected at a single center hospital between March 2015 and May 2020. All patients were adults (≥ 18 years old) and were treated with at least one (≥ 1) Supera stent. Deployment status was extrapolated from anonymized angiograms. The primary endpoint of this study was CD-TLR. Secondary endpoints included amputation and mortality rates associated with each deployment condition. A total of 670 limbs were treated and patients were followed for 36 months. Nominal stent deployment was observed in 337 limbs, followed by elongated condition (n = 176), then by compressed conditions (n = 159). CD-TLR was observed most frequently with elongated deployment. Drug coated balloons were used as vessel prep prior to stenting and showed a protective effect regardless of deployment status; O.R = 0.44 (CI 0.30–0.66, p < .05).
Association between control group therapy and magnitude of clinical benefit of cancer drugs
Authors: Molto Consolacion , Tibau Ariadna , Bujosa Aida , Tapia Jose Carlos , Mittal Abhenil , Tamimi Faris , Amir Eitan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the impact of control group therapy on clinical benefit scales such as American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF), European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Evidence Blocks and ASCO Cancer Research Committee (ASCO-CRC). We searched Drugs@FDA to identify cancer drugs approved between January 2012 and December 2021 based on randomized trials (RCTs). Definition of substantial clinical benefit was based on recommendations for each scale. Associations between characteristics of control group therapy and clinical benefit were explored using logistic regression. RCTs with a control group of active treatment plus placebo were associated with significantly lower odds of substantial benefit with ESMO-MCBS (OR 0.27, P = 0.003) and ASCO-VF (OR 0.30, P = 0.008) but not with NCCN Evidence Blocks or ASCO-CRC. This effect was attenuated and lost statistical significance without adjustment for quality of life (QoL) and/or toxicity (ESMO-MCBS OR 0.50, P = 0.17; ASCO-VF OR 0.49, P = 0.11). Clinical benefit scales can be sensitive to control group therapy. RCTs with substantial overlap between experimental and control therapy showed lower magnitude of clinical benefit using ESMO-MCBS and ASCO-VF scales; possibly due to differences in the weighting of QoL and toxicity between different frameworks.
The neurobiological basis of affect is consistent with psychological construction theory and shares a common neural basis across emotional categories
Authors: Gündem Doğa , Potočnik Jure , De Winter François-Laurent , El Kaddouri Amal , Stam Daphne , Peeters Ronald , Emsell Louise , Sunaert Stefan , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Feldman Barrett Lisa , Van den Stock Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAffective experience colours everyday perception and cognition, yet its fundamental and neurobiological basis is poorly understood. The current debate essentially centers around the communalities and specificities across individuals, events, and emotional categories like anger, sadness, and happiness. Using fMRI during the experience of these emotions, we critically compare the two dominant conflicting theories on human affect. Basic emotion theory posits emotions as discrete universal entities generated by dedicated emotion category-specific neural circuits, while psychological construction theory claims emotional events as unique, idiosyncratic, and constructed by psychological primitives like core affect and conceptualization, which underlie each emotional event and operate in a predictive framework. Based on the findings of 8 a priori-defined model-specific prediction tests on the neural response amplitudes and patterns, we conclude that the neurobiological basis of affect is primarily characterized by idiosyncratic mechanisms and a common neural basis shared across emotion categories, consistent with psychological construction theory. The findings provide further insight into the organizational principles of the neural basis of affect and brain function in general. Future studies in clinical populations with affective symptoms may reveal the corresponding underlying neural changes from a psychological construction perspective.
Deep learning-based age estimation from chest X-rays indicates cardiovascular prognosis
Authors: Ieki Hirotaka , Ito Kaoru , Saji Mike , Kawakami Rei , Nagatomo Yuji , Takada Kaori , Kariyasu Toshiya , Machida Haruhiko , Koyama Satoshi , Yoshida Hiroki , Kurosawa Ryo , Matsunaga Hiroshi , Miyazawa Kazuo , Ozaki Kouichi , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Katsushika Susumu , Matsuoka Ryo , Shinohara Hiroki , Yamaguchi Toshihiro , Kodera Satoshi , Higashikuni Yasutomi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Akazawa Hiroshi , Iguchi Nobuo , Isobe Mitsuaki , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Komuro Issei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there has been considerable research on the use of artificial intelligence to estimate age and disease status from medical images. However, age estimation from chest X-ray (CXR) images has not been well studied and the clinical significance of estimated age has not been fully determined.

Methods
To address this, we trained a deep neural network (DNN) model using more than 100,000 CXRs to estimate the patients’ age solely from CXRs. We applied our DNN to CXRs of 1562 consecutive hospitalized heart failure patients, and 3586 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with cardiovascular disease.

Results
The DNN’s estimated age (X-ray age) showed a strong significant correlation with chronological age on the hold-out test data and independent test data. Elevated X-ray age is associated with worse clinical outcomes (heart failure readmission and all-cause death) for heart failure. Additionally, elevated X-ray age was associated with a worse prognosis in 3586 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that X-ray age can serve as a useful indicator of cardiovascular abnormalities, which will help clinicians to predict, prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases.
Amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease – front and centre after all?
Authors: Weglinski Caroline , Jeans Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, which proposes that accumulation of the peptide amyloid-β at synapses is the key driver of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, has been the dominant idea in the field of Alzheimer’s research for nearly 30 years. Recently, however, serious doubts about its validity have emerged, largely motivated by disappointing results from anti-amyloid therapeutics in clinical trials. As a result, much of the AD research effort has shifted to understanding the roles of a variety of other entities implicated in pathogenesis, such as microglia, astrocytes, apolipoprotein E and several others. All undoubtedly play an important role, but the nature of this has in many cases remained unclear, partly due to their pleiotropic functions. Here, we propose that all of these AD-related entities share at least one overlapping function, which is the local regulation of amyloid-β levels, and that this may be critical to their role in AD pathogenesis. We also review what is currently known of the actions of amyloid-β at the synapse in health and disease, and consider in particular how it might interact with the key AD-associated protein tau in the disease setting. There is much compelling evidence in support of the amyloid hypothesis; rather than detract from this, the implication of many disparate AD-associated cell types, molecules and processes in the regulation of amyloid-β levels may lend further support.