bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE GREAT ISLAMIC MUGHAL EMPIRE DURING JALALUDDIN AKBAR’S ERA: SULH-I-KUL POLICY DETERMINATION
Authors: Shohibatussholihah Fiana , Barizi Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

This research aims to reveal the main factors underlying the glory of the Mughal Islamic empire by using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data are collected through literature study of books and ebooks. The results of the research prove that: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was the first Muslim ruler who could maintain his position for a long time, not merely to fulfill his personal ambitions but to take advantage of his position as a king to unite all Mughal society under his rule. To realize the vision, Akbar must legitimize his government and build a strong military superiority among his pluralistic society. The sulh-i-kul or tolerance for all policy that he implemented became a driving tool for several subsequent policies such as the abolition of the jizyah, the establishment of ibadat-khana, and the application of din-i-Ilahi to unite the Mughal community in building a superpower empire based on universal tolerance. Without the basic ideology of sulh-i-kul, the Mughal society could not have become a famous empire back then. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor utama yang melandasi kejayaan kerajaan Islam Mughal dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka dari buku, ebook dan sejenisnya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar merupakan penguasa muslim pertama yang dapat mempertahankan kerjaaan Islam dalam waktu lama. Hal ini tidak semata-mata untuk memenuhi ambisi pribadinya tapi untuk memanfaatkan posisinya sebagai raja dalam menyatukan semua masyarakat Mughal di bawah kekuasaannya. Untuk mewujudkan visi tersebut, Akbar harus melegitimasi pemerintahannya serta membangun superioritas militer yang kuat diantara masyarakatnya yang majemuk. Kebijakan Sulh-i-Kul atau toleransi kepada semua yang diterapkannya mampu menjadi alat penggerak beberapa kebijakan berikutnya seperti penghapusan jizyah, pendirian ibadat-khana, dan penerapan din-i-Ilahi untuk menyatukan masyarakat Mughal dalam membangun kerajaan yang superpower berdasarkan toleransi. Tanpa ideologi dasar sulh-i-kul ini belum tentu masyarakat Mughal kala itu dapat menjadi kerajaan yang masyhur.
Education Using Lecture and Leaflet on Knowledge and Attitude of Women on Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid
Authors: Sagoba Suriani Agreini , Noor Zairin , Noor Meitria Syahadatina , Husaini Husaini , Ringoringo Harapan Parlindungan 
Published: July 2022

Awareness of women in conducting Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) as an early screening for cervical cancer is still quite low, therefore efforts are needed to increase it by education for women with lecture method or leaflet. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of providing health education with lecture and leaflet methods on knowledge and attitudes of women about VIA. There are 10 research articles related to knowledge and attitudes using the lecture method and leaflets about VIA obtained through Google Scholar, Garuda Portal, and Research Gate. Based on the results of research articles study, there was an effect of providing education with the lecture method on knowledge of 1.45; [95% Cl: 0.240-2.670, Z=2.349, p=0.018834]; and there was an effect on attitude of 1.04; [95% Cl: 0.170-1.920, Z=2.311, p=0.019775]. There was an effect of providing education with leaflets on knowledge of 1.71; [95% Cl: 0.580-2.840, Z=2.957, p=0.003103]; and there was no effect on the attitude of 0.58; [95% Cl: 0.580-2.840, Z=2.957, p=0.003103]. The conclusions are there is an effect of providing health education with the lecture method on knowledge and there is an effect of providing health education with the leaflet method on knowledge.
PPM PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA GANGSING SMART ORBITAL (GSO) BERBANTUAN KAHOOT UNTUK GURU FISIKA DI SMA N 1 PEBAYURAN KAB. BEKASI
Authors: Wibowo Firmanul Catur , Budi Agus Setyo , Astra I Made , Sanjaya Lari Andres , Darman Dina Rahmi , Susanti Dwi 
Published: July 2022

Program Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) ini bertujuan melakukan pelatihan Pembuatan Media Gangsing Smart Orbital (GSO) Berbantuan KAHOOT untuk guru fisika di SMA N 1 Pebayuran Kab. Bekasi Sebagai Rintisan Menghadapi Pembelajaran Revolusi Industri 4.0. Pelatihan ini untuk Guru-guru fisika yang tergabung dalam Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) fisika sebagai aplikasi pembelajaran sebagai tuntutan revolusi industri 4.0. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan ketua MGMP Kab. Bekasi diperoleh informasi bahwa guru-guru fisika mengalami kesulitan di dalam mengakses dan mengembangkan media pembelajaran fisika. Sehingga diperoleh guru fisika yang memiliki keterampilan mengembangan media GSO untuk pembelajaran fisika. Program pengabdian dilakukan pada MGMP fisika Kab. Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Solusinya dengan mengadakan pelatihan untuk memberikan keterampilan (keahlian) yang tidak terlalu rumit namun teraplikasikan dan dibutuhkan oleh Guru- guru fisika secara luas. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah 30 guru mampu mengembangkan desain bentuk dan model GSO untuk pembelajaran fisika. Kegiatan ini terpublikasi pada majalah Teras online pada tautan https://majalahteras.com/ppm-pendidikan-fisika-unj-gelar-pelatihan-gso-untuk-guru. Selain itu, kegiatan ini selengkapnya dapat diakses pada kanal youtube pada tautan: https://youtu.be/JRRSnsPcB4Y. Kesimpulan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat pelatihan Pembuatan Media Gangsing Smart Orbital (GSO) Berbantuan KAHOOT telah dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik serta mendapat respon positif dari mitra. Kegiatan ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan para guru fisika dan IPA dalam mengembangan media pembelajran fisika. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menggiatkan guru untuk lebih kreatif serta memberi efek positif bagi kegiatan pengembangan media. Saran dalam kegiatan ini adalah dapat dilakukan secara luring atau tatap maya agar para peserta yang kesulitan dalam mengembangan media dapat betanya secara langsung dan langsung diberikan solusi oleh narasumber dalam pengembangan media GSO.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Mortar-Encased Coal Bodies under Impact Loads: Insights from Experimental Investigation
Authors: Wang Kai , Bai Jinwen , Feng Guorui , Yin Dawei , Cui Boqiang , Shi Xudong , Yang Xinyu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Failure of residual coal pillars under dynamic load disturbances can induce goaf collapse, ground subsidence, or coalbursts. Encasing the residual coal pillar in mortar is an effective method for reinforcing the residual coal pillar. However, the mechanical behaviors of mortar-encased coal bodies under impact loads remain poorly investigated. In this study, impact tests were conducted on coal, mortar, and mortar-encased coal specimens using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The mechanical properties and failure behavior of the mortar-encased coal specimens under impact loading were systematically investigated in terms of several metrics including dynamic stress-strain curves, failure patterns, strength change characteristics, and energy consumption laws. Results show that, owing to the different mechanical properties of the coal and mortar elements in the composite specimens, the mortar-encased specimen has a nonlinear deformation characteristic. The mortar has a higher energy absorption rate compared to the coal. Additionally, increasing the thickness of the external mortar body is helpful for absorbing more stress wave energy and increasing the dynamic strength of the mortar-encased coal specimens. Furthermore, under low strain rate loading, the external mortar body of the composite specimen initially experienced axial splitting failure. With increasing strain rate, axial splitting failure occurred in both the external mortar body and inner coal body. This study provides useful guidelines for reinforcing residual coal pillars in underground engineering.
ALTERNATIVES TO LOVE: INDIAN CINEMA REINVENTED IN GREATER ASIA
Authors: Dixon Ian 
Published: July 2022

As conventional Bollywood continues to thrive, independent productions supported by Netflix and other streaming apps are embracing more insurgent themes and challenging storylines. While Netflix steers its Asian production arm toward South Korea, India remains a vital focus on the world cinema scene. Following the lead of maverick actor/producer Amir Khan in the wake of Dhobi Ghat (2010), films such as A Death in the Gunj (2016) and Sir (2018) not only feature women’s themes but aggregate the colour and movement of Indian cinema while enlisting serious subject matter. Netflix and other streaming apps may provide a vital platform, but the traditions of culture and cinema predate this distribution opportunity by centuries.
Drawing from film theorists such as Ashvin Devasundaram, Madhuja Mukherjee, Chidananda Das Gupta and Neelam Sidhar Wright, I examine the two exemplary films as textual analysis and story-based in a historical context. Along with the influence of Hindu mythology, this paper seeks a template for effective, globally relevant cinema which does not pander to Edward Said’s notion of Orientalism. While considering the storytelling traditions of Rabindranath Tagore and Satyajit Ray as literary and cinematic voices, this paper also consults Western screenwriting gurus Stephen Cleary and Robert McKee in its search to support the artistic aims of streaming-based art cinema from India. India, especially at this time of pandemic crisis, deserves to be championed for its centuries of unrivalled artistic achievement and unparalleled cinematic exuberance.
In vitro assessment of multipotential therapeutic importance of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts using different solvents
Authors: Suleiman Waleed , Shehata Reda M. , Younis Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Infectious disease is one of the major threats to humans and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide, especially at present in which the Covid-19 and its modified variants. Edible mushrooms have many nutritional and medicinal values to human health. The medicinal properties of edible mushroom extract in inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms had advantages over the use of chemically synthetic antimicrobial compounds due to less unwanted side effects and can combat microbial resistance. The study hypothesized that the polarity affects the extraction quality of Hericium erinaceus mushroom which was prepared as fruiting bodies and subsequently affects its activity as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral potential. So, the mushroom was quantitively evaluated to assess its content of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, protein, nitrogen, and oil. The current research clarified here that aquatic extract has a significant activity as an antioxidant (IC50 = 53.7 µg/ml), and antiviral (IC50 = 24.97 µg/ml) while, ethyl acetate extract showed a reasonable antimicrobial activity rather than all tested extract against tested microorganisms. Unfortunately, all extracts under investigation possess low anti-inflammatory action according to the adopting protocol. The superior results of both water and ethyl acetate extracts were later investigated by HPTLC and GC-MS for preliminary prediction of the chemical constitution of those extracts. H. erinaceus mushroom succeeded to establish promising antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities while it has low ani-inflammatory activity. Both HPTLC and GC-MS could identify the chemical constituents of the mushroom crude extract.
Metformin Combined with Alendronate Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Attenuating RANKL-induced Bone Resorption and Protecting Cartilage Against Degradation
Authors: Guo Yanjing , Yang Ruijia , Zong Sujing , Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Jiyu , Chen Chongwei , Wang Chunfang , Wang Shaowei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of metformin combined with alendronate on subchondral bone and cartilage degeneration in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model. There were lower OARSI scores and fewer TRAP-positive cells in DMM mice after treatment with metformin combined with alendronate. In cartilage, metformin inhibited the expression of MMP3 and MMP13 in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes and increased the expression of Sox9 and aggrecan. In parallel, metformin also inhibited cartilage matrix degradation, as shown by Alcian blue staining and SO/FG staining in ATDC5 cells and cartilage tissues. Moreover, metformin and alendronate downregulated the levels of specific genes and proteins (NFATc1, c-Fos, DC-STAMP, TNFRSF11, CTSK), thereby inhibiting osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, metformin increased the expression of phospho-AMPK alpha1, attenuated the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Metformin combined with alendronate may be a useful candidate for attenuating early-stage OA. This would be an ideal drug/drug combination for treating osteoarthritis in the presence of osteoporosis combined with T2D.
Canopies, the Final Frog-tier: Exploring responses of a specialist treefrog to prescribed fire in a pyrogenic ecosystem
Authors: Biazzo Ian , Quintana-Ascencio Pedro F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Pine flatwoods of the southeastern United States were shaped by frequent fires. Land managers use prescribed fires to control fuels but also to restore historical lightning-caused fire dynamics. Broad outcomes of this practice are well-understood, but impacts on many organisms are still being explored. Frogs, for example, have upland and wetland requirements, limited mobility, and skin susceptible to desiccation. Treefrogs spend most of their lives in uplands away from water. When fire approaches, animals may escape to an unburned area, hide in place, or be killed by the fire. We examined which of these mechanisms is the prevailing short-term dynamic for persistence of a specialist treefrog in a pyrogenic flatwoods system. Results: We assessed short-term impacts of prescribed fire on the dynamics of an upland flatwoods specialist, the pinewoods treefrog Dryophytes femoralis, using a replicated before-after-control-impact field experiment. We set pipes as treefrog refugia at 3 m, 6 m, 9 m, and 9+ m in 12 pine trees spread evenly across two treatments: reference trees in units burned in 2020 and trees in units with 2021 prescribed fire. Prescribed fires occurred April 16 and July 21, 2021. Every two weeks between 5 March and 5 September we checked pipes for frogs and assigned them unique color marks. We observed 78 individuals with 199 additional recaptures. We modeled abundance (as raw counts), survival, and vertical movement using mark-recapture methods, multi-state, and mixed linear models with a Bayesian framework. Survival and recapture were comparable among prescribed fire treatments, but abundances and movement probability varied. Frogs in trees in areas burned during the study were more likely to stay in place and less likely to descend to lower heights. We observed more frogs in trees after a 2021 fire compared to reference trees.Conclusions:The prevailing mechanism for resiliency to fire for pinewoods treefrogs was migration up large pines, then likely recolonization to lower vegetation layers when they regreen post-fire. This substantiates conclusions from other works that integrity of mature pines is key to sustaining native biodiversity. Future work and management should consider the three-dimensional structure of habitat when developing burn prescriptions and study designs.
Impact of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy on tissue oxygen saturation and major morbidity in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jiatong , Zhang Yang , Sun Siyang , Wu Keting , Yang Liuqing , Gao Ju 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Incision healing after thoracoscopic lung resection, resistance to infection, and gastrointestinal recovery are dependent on tissue perfusion and oxygenation. OLV decreases blood flow and tissue oxygen partial pressure in the emblematic circulation, which in turn regulates tissue blood flow and local tissue oxygen diffusion. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different fluid management methods on regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) and hemodynamics in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection. Furthermore, we comparatively evaluated the effects of the different fluid management strategies on postoperative hospital stay and complications.Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection are randomly allocated to receive either goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) or restrictive fluid therapy at a 1:1 ratio. The rSO2 of each part, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, CI, and SVV were recorded before induction (T1), before one-lung ventilation (T2), 30 and 60 min after one-lung ventilation (T3 and T4, respectively), and at the end of surgery (T5). Radial artery blood gas analysis was performed at T1, T4, and T5 to record pH and lactic acid level. Furthermore, patients’ score on the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scale and creatinine and urea nitrogen levels on the first postoperative day, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and complications were recorded. The primary outcome is the regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) and hemodynamics during surgery. The secondary outcomes included postoperative hospital stay and complications.Results Compared with group C, the GDFT group had a significantly higher MAP and CI, lower SVV at T3 to T5 (P < 0.05). In the GDFT group, the intraoperative crystalloid requirement and norepinephrine dose were lower and colloidal requirement and total volume of fluid infused were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the renal rSO2 at T3 to T4 and brachioradialis muscle rSO2 at T4 to T5 in the group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The postoperative 24-h QoR-15 score was significantly higher in the GDFT group than in group C. Furthermore, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the GDFT group than in group C (P < 0.05).Conclusions GDFT can improve the intraoperative renal rSO2 and brachioradialis muscle rSO2 in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection. It also can maintain hemodynamic stability, decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and improve the quality of postoperative recovery.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100050474. Registered on August 27 2021.
Prevalence and level of control of biochemical markers of Bone Mineral Disorder among End Stage Renal Disease Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Saint Paul’s Referral Hospital in Ethiopia: A Retrospective study.
Authors: Temere Zelalem Sisay , Atlabachew Minaleshew , Juhar Leja Hamza , Assefa Eskedar Getachew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite the fact that dialysis treatment is useful in End Stage Renal Diseases (ESRD) patients for prolonging their life, the occurrence of Bone Mineral Disease (BMD) associated with an abnormal levels of serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) has been increasing, and deaths remain high. The risks in the derangement of serum Ca and P levels on BMD in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have not been consistently studied in Ethiopia. Thus, our study aimed to assess serum Ca, P, and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels, risks on BMD, and it's level of control in patients undergoing HD and compared the value with clinical practice guidelines of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). This study was a hospital-based quantitative retrospective study conducted on patients who had Ca, P, and PTH measurements from the medical record and assessed 56 patients (March 2018 to February 2022) in the dialysis center. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software: Versions 22 computes variables by correlation and regression analysis. The finding of the study showed that patients average Ca level was 7.21, which is fairly low, and the value has decreased with the increase in hemodialysis frequency, and their relationship signified as 80.1%. In contrast to this, elevated P and PTH values were beyond the recommended KDOQ's P and PTH values. The level of P and PTH have increased with the increased HD frequency and demonstrated a very strong positive relationship signified with 84.2% and 71.2% with a frequency of hemodialysis, respectively. The increased disturbance of serum Ca, P and PTH levels noted in patients with HD in the dialysis center which appear to increase the prevalence of abnormalities of mineral metabolism in patients, and these adverse outcomes results in full-blown high-risk patients linked with metabolic bone diseases unless the conditions are aggressively managed.
Frequency, intensity and influences of tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and China, 1977–2018
Authors: Wang Jie , Yang Yijie , Wang Jiarui , Wang Jie , luan kuifeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
China is part of the western Pacific region, which is the source of the most frequent tropical cyclones in the world. These cause severe disasters each year, including huge economic losses and casualties. To better understand their frequency and intensity, remote sensing tropical cyclone data were obtained for the entire Northwest Pacific region for the period 1977–2018. MATLAB and ArcGIS were used to analyse the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones and their landfall characteristics in various regions of China. The annual frequency of tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific showed a trend of fluctuating and decreasing. In particular, since 1994, the overall frequency decreased significantly but rebounded in recent years, while the intensity did not change significantly. It was found that cyclone intensity is lower when the frequency is higher, and vice versa. Some 85% of tropical cyclones occurred in summer and autumn, with the highest intensities in autumn, when the maximum average wind speed peaked at 37 m/s. The area with the most frequent tropical cyclones was 5–20° N, 125–155 °E. A total of 314 tropical cyclones made landfall in China, an annual average of about 7.5. Their frequency and intensity gradually decreased as they moved from coastal to inland areas. Both sea surface temperature and El Niño were significantly related to tropical cyclones. This study’s analyses of the distribution, intensity and landfall characteristics of Northwest Pacific tropical cyclones will help to predict the frequency of disasters and provide a basis for disaster prevention work.
Cellulase-assisted deinking approach for the recycling of mixed office waste papers and its quality improvement
Authors: Pathak Puneet , Sango Chakarvati , Sabharwal Anshul , Kapoor Rajeev , Shukla Pratyoosh , Bhardwaj Nishi Kant 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study involves the evaluation of the potential of commercial cellulase enzyme for the deinking of mixed office waste paper. The pH and temperature optima for the enzyme were 6.0 and 50°C. Enzyme dose and reaction time for the deinking process were optimized. An optimum dose of 300 g/t and reaction time of 90 min for commercial cellulase enzyme significantly improved deinking efficiency (79.3%) than the control set (59.4%) and chemical deinking (75.7%). Strength properties (except tear index) like tensile index, breaking length, burst factor and double fold were improved at optimized conditions. Cleanliness of pulp in terms of dirt and specks contents was also improved up to a significant level after cellulase treatment. Thus, it was concluded that commercial cellulase enzyme-based deinking was better than chemical deinking of mixed office waste in terms of improved pulp and paper quality.