bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospection of pyrochlore and microlite mineral groups through Raman spectroscopy coupled with artificial neural networks
Authors: Exposito De Queiroz Alfredo Antonio Alencar , Andrade Marcelo B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNiobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) concentrated in pyrochlore and microlite mineral groups, respectively, have attracted worldwide attention due to their importance to aerospace and electronics industries. This manuscript addresses the use of Raman spectroscopy coupled with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for improving the identification and characterization of mineral species belonging to pyrochlore and microlite mineral groups. Spectral data were collected in the 100–1400 cm−1 range and two baseline corrections, namely Asymmetric Least Squares (ALS) and Piecewise Linear Fitting (PLF) were performed and compared. In most cases, ALS achieved better performance in the removal of background noise with no elimination of important features of the original spectrum. The ANNs were fed with balanced datasets and based on different topologies with logistics, hyperbolic tangent, and rectified linear unit activation functions in the hidden layers.
Comparison of clinical features between patients with bone and soft tissue fibrosarcomas
Authors: Matsuoka Masatake , Onodera Tomohiro , Yokota Isao , Iwasaki Koji , Hishimura Ryosuke , Suzuki Yuki , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFibrosarcomas predominantly arise in soft tissues, but can also develop in bone. Because of their rarity, whether bone development has an impact on clinical features has not been addressed.MethodsWe included fibrosarcoma patients diagnosed between 1983 and 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Differences in clinical features between fibrosarcoma of bone (FS‐B) and fibrosarcoma of soft tissue (FS‐ST) were investigated.ResultsAfter excluding patients without information regarding cause of death, site of origin, distant tumor or survival, 1443 patients were included. Of those, 98 patients had FS‐B. Patients with FS‐B were younger, more frequently male, with fibrosarcomas that more often developed in an extremity and were histologically high‐grade. In contrast, no difference in potential to metastasize was observed. Survival was almost equal between FS‐B and FS‐ST (FS‐B/FS‐ST: cancer‐specific survival, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8–1.7; overall survival, HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9–1.7).ConclusionsOur results clearly indicated that patient backgrounds differed, such as younger age and greater tendencies to affect males, develop in an extremity and show high‐grade tumor in patients with FS‐B. In contrast, no differences were observed in distant metastatic potential or survival.
Multidisciplinary panel opinion on the management of bacterial skin infections
Authors: Bouza Emilio , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Guzek Aneta , Dirschka Thomas , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEight hot topics regarding the diagnosis and management of bacterial skin infections were selected and reviewed by five experts from different European countries, chosen based on their expertise in microbiology, infectious diseases, and dermatology. As noninfectious skin diseases/conditions such as atopic dermatitis can be complicated by infections, including Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSI), a collaboration between dermatologists and infectious disease specialists can promote a rational approach to diagnosis and a more functional treatment approach, especially for complicated infections. In addition, an important role would be played by microbiologists as they are crucial for the isolation and classification of the bacterial pathogen to guide clinicians toward the most effective antibiotic therapy. Although there are many therapeutic options for the treatment of bacterial skin infections, including those due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, these drugs often require multiple daily administrations leading to patient noncompliance and are associated with gastrointestinal adverse events and drug resistance. With their characteristics of being long‐acting, safety and single‐dose regimens, long‐acting antibiotics, such as dalbavancin and oritavancin, represent an effective alternative that could change the management of these infections with a considerable reduction of hospitalisation costs and risks.
Optical Phase Contrast Microscopy with Incoherent Vortex Phase
Authors: Zhao Mengting , Liang Xinzhou , Li Jiasui , Xie Mengyuan , Zheng Huadan , Zhong Yongchun , Yu Jianhui , Zhang Jun , Chen Zhe , Zhu Wenguo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel, compact, and broadband optical phase contrast microscopy based on incoherent vortex topological quadrupole is theoretically proposed and experimentally realized. The topological quadrupole, generated in a thin uniaxial crystal, possesses four single‐charge optical vortexes, each of which can act as a two‐dimensional (2D) optical spatial differentiator. The incoherence of light‐emitting diode (LED) light will wash out the optical vortex and the spatial differentiation effect, which can be ingeniously overcome by choosing Kohler illumination and inserting a 1 mm‐thickness uniaxial crystal sandwiched with two polarizers before the camera. By adjusting the polarizers and the tilted angle of crystal to selectively utilize the geometric Berry phase and the angular gradient of Fresnel transmission coefficients of crystal, the 1D, 2D, and second‐order analog spatial differentiations with a spatial resolution better than 0.775 μm can be switched flexibly. A versatile phase contrast microscope is built, which is well compatible with the conventional microscopes. The uniformly incoherent illumination without laser speckle effects results in high‐quality spatial differentiation imaging. Biologically transparent living cells are thus imaged with high contrast.
Inverse‐Designed Integrated Nonlinear Optical Switches
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Jiatong , Shang Zhenyuan , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Ziming , Zhao Zexing , Zhang Mengyu , Yin Jinde , Wang Jinzhang , Guo Kai , Yang Junbo , Yan Peiguang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the slowdown of Moore's law, the integrated photonic devices have provided a route to promote the development of large‐scale optical communications with high performance. As one of the essential components of optical routers, an optical switch can fast transmit or block the optical signal. However, most of the integrated optical switches reported to date rely on thermo‐, magneto‐, or electro‐optical effects, which limit applications due to slow response times, large footprint, and complexity fabrication. Here, an integrated nonlinear optical switch designed by the inverse‐design method and fabricated on the SiN platform is introduced. The integrated optical switch is demonstrated with significant intensity‐dependent transmission at 1.5 µm waveband. The polarization‐depended capability is explored by using fundamental polarized lights (transverse electric and transverse magnetic, respectively), which exhibits opposite transmission change trends during the whole power range and opens potential applications such as photonic quantum information processing. In order to address the saturation of Kerr‐nonlinearity in SiN materials at high power, a MoS2/SiN hybrid integrated optical switch is fabricated by uniformly cladding few‐layer MoS2on the surface of inverse‐designed region. That is demonstrated to enhance the nonlinear optical response of device efficiently and achieve more excellent switching capability at high power.
Noninterleaved Metasurface for Full‐Polarization Three‐Dimensional Vectorial Holography
Authors: Yang Hui , Jiang Yuting , Hu Yueqiang , Ou Kai , Duan Huigao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetasurface‐enabled full‐polarization vectorial holography has attracted numerous attention due to the promising applications for multichannel displays, enhanced information capacity, and optical encryption. However, recently showcased design strategies suffer from undesirable cross‐talk resulting from interleaved meta‐atoms and are restricted to a two‐dimensional plane. This work presents a general approach for full‐polarization beam shaping in three‐dimensional space by completely exploiting the capacity of a noninterleaved metasurface. The noninterleaved metasurface is spin‐decoupled, which is capable of achieving independent phase control for the two orthogonal circular polarizations by combining both propagation and geometric phases. As a proof‐of‐concept, a three‐dimensional vectorial holography capable of converting the linear polarized light to holographic images with arbitrary spatial polarization distributions is experimentally demonstrated. Taking use of the extended dimension, the z‐axis distance, which provides a new degree of flexibility for boosting information capacity and security, a double‐level optical encryption scheme is implemented. This work provides a compact and general scheme for full‐polarization channel wavefront steering, unlocking a new door for designing planar polarization functionality devices.
Broadband and Fabrication Tolerant Power Coupling and Mode‐Order Conversion Using Thouless Pumping Mechanism
Authors: Sun Lu , Wang Hongwei , He Yu , Zhang Yong , Tang Guojing , He Xintao , Dong Jianwen , Su Yikai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoupled‐waveguide devices are of central importance in on‐chip photonic circuits. However, their performance usually suffers from high wavelength and structure sensitivity, which makes it challenging to achieve broadband and fabrication tolerant optical functions. Topological pumping of edge states has emerged as a promising route for robust light transport in coupled waveguides. Here, the Thouless pumping process is explored in finite Rice‐Mele modeled silicon waveguide arrays and the robust power coupling and mode‐order conversion are experimentally demonstrated in this system. Thanks to the topological protection of light transport, the directional coupler and mode‐order converter based on the waveguide arrays show an ultrabroad bandwidth of 120 nm and are quite tolerant to significant structural deviations (−50–150 nm). As compared to the robust optical coupling in other topological waveguide arrays reported in recent works, the approach is more advantageous in terms of robustness against the variations in both waveguide width and gap distance, which is greatly favored in large‐scale photonic integration. This work could serve as a design principle for a new class of broadband and fabrication tolerant coupled‐waveguide devices, which can find applications in many fields including optical simulations of condensed matter physics, on‐chip optical communications, and quantum information processing.
Colonic Delivery of Nutrients for Sustained and Prolonged Release of Gut Peptides: A Novel Strategy for Appetite Management
Authors: Kamakura Remi , Raza Ghulam Shere , Sodum Nalini , Lehto Vesa‐Pekka , Kovalainen Miia , Herzig Karl‐Heinz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity is one of the major global threats to human health and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and certain cancers. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) plays a major role in appetite and glucose homeostasis and recently the USFDA approved GLP‐1 agonists for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. GLP‐1 is secreted from enteroendocrine L‐cells in the distal part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in response to nutrient ingestion. Endogenously released GLP‐1 has a very short half‐life of <2 min and most of the nutrients are absorbed before reaching the distal GI tract and colon, which hinders the use of nutritional compounds for appetite regulation. The review article focuses on nutrients that endogenously stimulate GLP‐1 and peptide YY (PYY) secretion via their receptors in order to decrease appetite as preventive action. In addition, various delivery technologies such as pH‐sensitive, mucoadhesive, time‐dependent, and enzyme‐sensitive systems for colonic targeting of nutrients delivery are described. Sustained colonic delivery of nutritional compounds could be one of the most promising approaches to prevent obesity and associated metabolic diseases by, e.g., sustained GLP‐1 release.
Fusion of CT images and clinical variables based on deep learning for predicting invasiveness risk of stage I lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Haozhe , Zheng Dezhong , Chen Hong , Wang Ying , Chen Chao , Xu Lichao , Li Guodong , Wang Yaohui , He Xinhong , Li Wentao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose: To develop a novel multimodal data fusion model by incorporating computed tomography (CT) images and clinical variables based on deep learning for predicting the invasiveness risk of stage I lung adenocarcinoma that manifests as ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) and compare the diagnostic performance of it with that of radiologists.Methods: A total of 1946 patients with solitary and histopathologically confirmed GGNs with maximum diameter less than 3 cm were retrospectively enrolled. The training dataset containing 1704 GGNs was augmented by resampling, scaling, random cropping, and so forth, to generate new training data. A multimodal data fusion model based on residual learning architecture and two multilayer perceptron with attention mechanism combining CT images with patient general data and serum tumor markers was built. The distance‐based confidence scores (DCS) were calculated and compared among multimodal data models with different combinations. An observer study was conducted and the prediction performance of the fusion algorithms was compared with that of the two radiologists by an independent testing dataset with 242 GGNs.Results: Among the whole GGNs, 606 GGNs are confirmed as invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) and 1340 are non‐IA. The proposed novel multimodal data fusion model combining CT images, patient general data, and serum tumor markers achieved the highest accuracy (88.5%), area under a ROC curve (0.957), F1 (81.5%), F1weighted (81.9%), and Matthews correlation coefficient (73.2%) for classifying between IA and non‐IA GGNs, which was even better than the senior radiologist's performance (accuracy, 86.1%). In addition, the DCSs for multimodal data suggested that CT image had a stronger influence (0.9540) quantitatively than general data (0.6726) or tumor marker (0.6971).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the feasibility of integrating different types of data including CT images and clinical variables, and the multimodal data fusion model yielded higher performance for distinguishing IA from non‐IA GGNs.
Defense and security planning under resource uncertainty and multi‐period commitments
Authors: Caballero William N. , Banks David , Wu Keru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe public sector is characterized by hierarchical and interdependent organizations. For defense and security applications in particular, a higher authority is generally responsible for allocating resources among subordinate organizations. These subordinate organizations conduct long‐term planning based on both uncertain resources and an uncertain operating environment. This article develops a modeling framework and multiple solution methodologies for subordinate organizations to use under such conditions. We extend the adversarial risk analysis approach to a stochastic game via a decomposition into a Markov decision process. This allows the subordinate organization to encode its beliefs in a Bayesian manner such that long‐term policies can be built to maximize its expected utility. The modeling framework we develop is illustrated in a realistic counter‐terrorism use case, and the efficacy of our solutions are evaluated via comparisons to alternatively constructed policies.
Diagnosis of fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection based on the post‐left atrium space ratio using artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Ting‐Yang , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Liu Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Ye , Sun Lin , Gu Xiao‐Yan , Chen Zhuo , Guo Yong , Xue Chao , Han Jian‐Cheng , Zhu Hao‐Gang , He Yi‐Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether the post‐left atrium space (PLAS) ratio would be useful for prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) using echocardiography and artificial intelligence.MethodsWe retrospectively included 642 frames of four‐chamber views from 319 fetuses (32 with TAPVC and 287 without TAPVC) in end‐systolic and end‐diastolic periods with multiple apex directions. The average gestational age was 25.6 ± 2.7 weeks. No other cardiac or extracardiac malformations were observed. The dataset was divided into a training set (n = 540; 48 with TAPVC and 492 without TAPVC) and test set (n = 102; 20 with TAPVC and 82 without TAPVC). The PLAS ratio was defined as the ratio of the epicardium‐descending aortic distance to the center of the heart‐descending aortic distance. Supervised learning was used in DeepLabv3+, FastFCN, PSPNet, and DenseASPP segmentation models. The area under the curve (AUC) was used on the test set.ResultsExpert annotations showed that this ratio was not related to the period or apex direction. It was higher in the TAPVC group than in the control group detected by the expert and the four models. The AUC of expert annotations, DeepLabv3+, FastFCN, PSPNet, and DenseASPP were 0.977, 0.941, 0.925, 0.856, and 0.887, respectively.ConclusionSegmentation models achieve good diagnostic accuracy for TAPVC based on the PLAS ratio.
Simultaneous measurement of diaphragm activity, chest impedance, and ECG using three standard cardiorespiratory monitoring electrodes
Authors: Scholten Anouk W. J. , van Leuteren Ruud W. , de Jongh Frans H. , van Kaam Anton H. , Hutten Gerard J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrent cardiorespiratory monitoring in neonates with electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest impedance (CI) has limitations. Adding transcutaneous electromyography of the diaphragm (dEMG) may improve respiratory monitoring, but requires additional hardware. We aimed to determine the feasibility of measuring dEMG and ECG/CI simultaneously using the standard ECG/CI hardware, with its three electrodes repositioned to dEMG electrode locations.MethodsThirty infants (median postmenstrual age 30.4 weeks) were included. First, we assessed the feasibility of extracting dEMG from the ECG‐signal. If successful, the agreement between dEMG‐based respiratory rate (RR), using three different ECG‐leads, and a respiratory reference signal was assessed using the Bland‐Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Furthermore, we studied the agreement between CI‐based RR and the reference signal with the electrodes placed at the standard and dEMG position. Finally, we explored the quality of the ECG‐signal at the different electrode positions.ResultsIn 15 infants, feasibility of measuring dEMG with the monitoring electrodes was confirmed. In the next 15 infants, comparing dEMG‐based RR to the reference signal resulted in a mean difference and limits of agreement for ECG‐lead I, II and III of 4.2 [−8.2 to 16.6], 4.3 [−10.7 to 19.3] and 5.0 [–14.2 to 24.2] breaths/min, respectively. ICC analysis showed a moderate agreement for all ECG‐leads. CI‐based RR agreement was similar at the standard and dEMG electrode position. An exploratory analysis suggested similar quality of the ECG‐signal at both electrode positions.ConclusionMeasuring dEMG using the ECG/CI hardware with its electrodes on the diaphragm is feasible, leaving ECG/CI monitoring unaffected.
PSA provocation by bipolar androgen therapy may predict duration of response to first‐line androgen deprivation: Updated results from the BATMAN study
Authors: Denmeade Samuel , Lim Su J. , Isaaccson Velho Pedro , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we reported results from the Phase II BATMAN study (Bipolar Androgen Therapy for Men with Androgen‐ablation Naïve prostate cancer). This study (NCT01750398) was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a treatment regimen consisting of a 6‐month lead in‐phase of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by alternating 3‐month intervals of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) and ADT alone. Here we report > 5‐year follow‐up related to the duration of subsequent ADT, response to first‐line androgen receptor inhibitors, safety, and survival in men with castration‐sensitive prostate cancer treated on the BATMAN study.MethodsUnivariate Cox regression was utilized to compare overall survival between Responders who achieved a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of <4 ng/ml and Non‐Responders who achieved a PSA level of ≥4 ng/ml after BAT/ADT. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression were used to assess progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) on BAT and on subsequent abiraterone or enzalutamide and on the association between PSA peak during BAT and each time to event outcome.ResultsOver median follow‐up of 95 months, the median PFS on ADT for the entire cohort was 47.8. Median OS has not been reached (NR). Median OS for Non‐Responders is 43 months versus NR (not reached) for responders (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.176, p = 0.002). Post‐BAT, the PSA50 and PSA90 responses to abiraterone or enzalutamide were 94.4% and 66.7%, respectively and median PFS was 20.6 months. Patients with peak PSA level of ≥9 ng/ml after BAT had median PFS of 20.6 months versus NR for those having PSA < 9 ng/ml (HR: 0.122, p < 0.001). Median OS was 79.6 months for patients with PSA peak of ≥9 ng/ml versus NR for those having PSA peak of <9 ng/ml (HR: 0.409, p = 0.131).ConclusionThe use of BAT as part of first‐line hormonal therapy strategy does not induce adversely affect long‐term survival or induce any significant long‐term adverse sequelae in patients with prostate cancer. Cycling BAT may extend the duration of ADT response and enhance response to subsequent androgen ablative therapies. The magnitude of BAT‐provoked increase in PSA may predict duration of ADT response and warrants further study.
Security of a High Dimensional Two‐Way Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
Authors: Krawec Walter O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo‐way quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols utilize bi‐directional quantum communication to establish a shared secret key. Due to the increased attack surface, security analyses remain challenging. Here a high‐dimensional variant of the Ping Pong protocol is investigated and an information theoretic security analysis in the finite‐key setting is performed. The main contribution in this work is to show a new proof methodology for two‐way quantum key distribution protocols based on the quantum sampling framework of Bouman and Fehr introduced in 2010 and also sampling‐based entropic uncertainty relations introduced by the authors in 2019. The Ping Pong protocol is only investigated here, but these methods may be broadly applicable to other QKD protocols, especially those relying on two‐way channels. Along the way, some fascinating benefits to high‐dimensional quantum states applied to two‐way quantum communication are also showed.