bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition and monitoring of the feeding behavior of dairy cows based on video and TCS-YOLO model
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , Liu Yuehua , Yu Sufang , Wang Ruixue , Song Zhanhua , Yan Yinfa , Li Fade , Wang Zhonghua , Tian Fuyang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Animal feeding behavior is an important animal welfare evaluation index. For an automatic monitoring of dairy cow feeding behaviors based on the deep learning technology, this paper proposes a quantity model for the recognition of dairy cow feeding behaviors and head movements. This model can automatically identify the feeding, chewing, and grass-bending behaviors of multiple dairy cows and track and quantify the feeding process and head movement trajectory of dairy cows in real time. This paper proposes a Transformer-Convolution Block Attention Module-Squeeze and Excitation-You Only Look Once (TCS-YOLO) model, which is an improved deep learning model based on You Only Look Once v5 (YOLOv5). By adding the transformer, Convolution Block Attention Module (CBAM), and Squeeze and Excitation (SE) enhancement modules, the feature extraction ability of the YOLOv5 model and the detection accuracy of the model are improved. It is further combined with the Deep Sort algorithm to track the trajectory of the heads of dairy cows when feeding. A total of 10,288 images were extracted from the top-view and front-view videos during the feeding process to construct a training set and a test set, and the TCS-YOLO model was tested and verified. The test results showed that the accuracy in detecting dairy cow feeding behaviors was 77.73% and 76.32%, the recall rate was 82.57% and 86.33%, and the mean average precision was 83.7% and 76.81%. Compared with the YOLOv5 model, the overall performance of the proposed model improved by 6–8%. It combined well with the Deep Sort target tracking algorithm, which could accurately track the feeding behaviors of dairy cows and suppress the change in their identity document. The research results can effectively solve the problems of poor recognition accuracy of feeding behaviors and insufficient feature extraction in complex breeding environments while providing an important reference guide for intelligent animal husbandry and precise breeding.
Eugenol inhibits neutrophil myeloperoxidase in vitro and attenuates LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice
Authors: Chniguir Amina , Saguem Mohamed Hedi , El-Benna Jamel , Bachoual Rafik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Eugenol (Eug) is a polyphenol extracted from the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae). Health benefits of eugenol in human diseases were proved in several studies. This work aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of eugenol in chronic lung pathologies. For this purpose, using human neutrophils, the antioxidant activity of eugenol was investigated in vitro. Animal model of LPS-induced lung injury was used to study the anti-inflammatory effect, in vivo. Results showed that eugenol inhibits luminol-amplified chemiluminescence of resting neutrophils and after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) peptide or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). This effect was dose dependent and was significant from a low concentration of 0.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, eugenol inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity without affecting its dégranulation. Eugenol has no scavenging effect on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2.-). Pretreatment of mice with eugenol prior to the administration of intratracheal LPS significantly reduced neutrophil accumulation in the bronchoalveloar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased protein concentration. Moreover, eugenol clearly inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, stimulated by LPS administration. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of eugenol against the LPS-induced lung inflammation could be exerted via inhibiting myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinases activity. Thus, eugenol could be a promising molecule for the treatment of lung diseases.
Associations between Gut Microbiota and Metabolism of Bisphenol A in Sprague-Dawley Rat
Authors: Zhao Nan , Mao Lingling , Mao weili , Zhao Meirong , Hu Zefu , jin hangbiao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many studies have investigated the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on gut microbial community changes, while the influence of gut microbiota on metabolism of BPA in organisms remains not well known. To explore this, in this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were intermittently (a 7-day interval) or continuously dosed by oral gavage at 500 µg BPA/kg bw/day for 28 days. Under a 7-day interval BPA exposure, the metabolism of BPA in rats and gut microbiota structure did not change greatly with dosing time. In contrast, following continuous BPA exposure, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in rat gut were significantly increased, and the alpha diversity of rat gut bacteria was greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the mean proportion of BPA sulfate to total BPA in rat blood was gradually decreased from 30 (day 1) to 7.4% (day 28). After 28 days of continuous exposure, the mean proportion of BPA glucuronide to total BPA in rat urine elevated from 70 to 81%, and in rat feces the mean proportion of BPA gradually decreased from 83 to 65%. Under continuous BPA exposure, the abundances of 27, 25, and 24 gut microbial genera were significantly correlated with the proportion of BPA or its metabolites in rat blood, urine, and feces, respectively. Overall, this study first demonstrates that continuous BPA exposure disrupted the rat gut microbiota community, which in turn altered the metabolism of BPA in rats. This finding contributes to the better understanding of metabolism of BPA in humans.
The efficacy and safety of sarcomeric contractile activators in patients with reduced ejection fraction in heart failure: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Beibei , Zhao Jikai , Li Zhi , Yu Liming , Wang Huishan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Sarcomeric contractile activators are small molecules that target myocardium to increase contractility. So far, great progress has been achieved regarding their preventive actions against idiopathic heart failure. Specifically, Levosimendan, Omecamtiv mecarbil and Danicamtiv are all sarcomeric contractile activators, while, to date, direct comparative studies of these drugs in the treatment of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are lacking. Methods: Network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of these drugs in HFrEF patients. The primary endpoint was heart rate, and the secondary endpoints were all-cause death, dizziness, hypotension as well as cardiac failure events. Results: A total of 22 randomized controlled trials involving 11410 participants were included. Omecamtiv mecarbil was superior to placebo (1.64(1.12, 2.17)) and Levosimendan (2.96(0.39, 5.55)) in controlling heart rate. The incidence of all-cause death caused by Levosimendan was lower than placebo (0.05(-0.47, 0.58)) and Omecamtiv mecarbil (0.05(-0.48, 0.59)). The incidence of cardiac failure events caused by Levosimendan was lower than placebo (-0.19(-0.46, 0.09)) and Omecamtiv mecarbil (-0.11(-0.40, 0.18)). Conclusions: In HFrEF patients, Omecamtiv mecarbil was superior to placebo and Levosimendan in controlling heart rate. Levosimendan induced all-cause death and cardiac failure events better than placebo and Omecamtiv mecarbil in HFrEF patients.
Baicalein 5, 6, 7-trimethyl ether from Physalis pubescens L. leaves ameliorate the effect of epirubicin in HepG2 cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Al-Ashmawy Ghada , Abo-Saif Mariam , El-Sherbeni Suzy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Context:
flavonoids have a pivotal cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Aims
To reveal which flavonoid isolated from Physalis pubescens L. leaves exerts the most cytotoxic effect against HepG2 liver cancer cells and if it could ameliorate epirubicin efficacy and safety through regulating apoptosis and autophagy.
Methods
Baicalein trimethyl ether (BTE), rutin, quercitrin and myricitrin were isolated from Physalis Pubescens L. leaves. HepG2 cells were treated with the isolated flavonoids as well as a combination of BTE and epirubicin. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay after 48hr treatment. In addition, the chromosomal DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, was assessed. Autophagy and apoptosis markers, ATG7 and TGF-β1, were determined by RT-qPCR.
Results
BTE showed the best cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 95.6 ± 5.849 µg/mL). Combination of epirubicin with (200µg/mL) BTE significantly decreased the IC50 of epirubicin from 2.79 ± 0.626 µg/mL to 0.76 ± 0.258 µg/mL (p = 0.04). Moreover, the same combination significantly increased the IC50 of BTE against WI-38 normal cells (p < 0.0001). DNA fragmentation was increased in HepG2 cells treated with BTE and BTE + epirubicin compared to untreated cells. BTE and BTE + epirubicin significantly downregulated gene expression of TGF-β1 while upregulated ATG7 gene expression.
Conclusions
BTE (200µg/mL) significantly increased the cytotoxicity of epirubicin against HepG2 cells and increased its safety profile. It could exert anti-hepatocarcinoma effect via increasing apoptosis and autophagy. It could be a promising adjuvant therapy to ameliorate epirubicin cytotoxicity against HCC with less adverse effects.
Urea-ammoniated cowpea husk in goat diet: Feed utilisation, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation, blood metabolites and growth performance
Authors: Olafadehan Olurotimi Ayobami , Okunade Sunday Adewale , Kholif Ahmed Eid , Oludare Toyin Rachael , Okoye Godwin Chukwunonso , Onwih Efiong Etim , Anaso Emmanuel Ugochukwu , Gero Abubakar , Shoyombo Ayoola John 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The study investigated the effect of urea-ammoniated cowpea husk (UCH) as a substitute for dried brewers’ grains (DBG) on voluntary intake, ruminal fermentation, apparent digestibility, nitrogen retention, serum metabolites and growth performance of eighteen growing Red Sokoto goats. Goats were stratified into three groups: no UCH (control), 350 g/kg UCH and 700 g/kg UCH replacing 0, 500 and 1000 g/kg of DBG respectively. Average daily gain, organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre digestibility, digestible OM, metabolisable energy, nitrogen balance and retention, ruminal volatile fatty acid, digestible OM fermented in the rumen, microbial protein synthesis, and serum glucose and aspartate transaminase were increased quadratically (P < 0.05) in 350 g/kg UCH diet. Whereas dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility increased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05), feed:gain ratio and total N excretion decreased linearly with 350 g/kg UCH diet. Faecal N (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) and crude protein (CP) digestibility, digestible CP and ruminal pH (linear, P < 0.01) decreased, but urinary N, ruminal total N and ammonia N and serum urea N (linear, P < 0.05) increased with increasing UCH level. Urea-ammoniated cowpea husk is a complete substitute for DBG in goat diet but 350 g/kg UCH optimised the productive performance and metabolic welfare.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Mamo Israel , Haile Kinfe , Hussein Hassen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a challenge in the 21st century. IPV is social problem stipulated with many sectors and affecting at multiple levels. The aim of the study was to determine magnitude and associated factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Methods
Multicenter cross sectional study conducted. Four hundred twenty pregnant women attending Antenatal care selected from the hospitals in proportion to their client load from April 2021- May 2021. Data collected using modified standard questionnaire for IPV. Data analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression computed. Statistical testes were considered significant when P < 0.05.
Result
The magnitude of intimate partner violence in pregnancy was 48.6%. Women with no formal education (AOR = 7.73, CI = 2.18, 27.38), lack of occupation in women (AOR = 2.82, CI = 1.39, 5.69), intimate partners with primary education (AOR = 3.62, CI = 1.36, 9.66), intimate partner alcohol consumption (AOR = 4.45, CI = 2.34, 8.47), lack of financial freedom(AOR = 10.58,CI = 5.03, 22.24) and unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 6.78, CI = 3.76, 12.23) were factors associated with intimate partner violence towards pregnant women.
Conclusion
Almost one in two women studied were victims of some form of intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Lower educational status, intimate partner alcohol consumption, lack of economic freedom as well as unemployment and unplanned pregnancy were associated with
Medial arch support of foot orthoses is associated with knee valgus angle at initial contact during cutting manoeuvres: a controlled laboratory study
Authors: Toyooka Seikai , Tsukada Keisuke , Yasui Youich , Saho Yasuaki , Okawa Yasuaki , Ando Shuji , Nakagawa Takumi , Kawano Hirotaka , Miyamoto Wataru 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to clarify the effect of medially posted foot orthoses on kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint in female athletes.
Methods
Sixteen female collegiate-level athletes who played basketball or volleyball volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were asked to perform a 30° sidestep cut with their dominant leg using orthoses of 3 different medial arch heights, comprising of the following: 1) “low,” a full flat foot orthosis without medial arch support 2) “mid,” a commercially available foot orthosis with general height arch support, and 3) “high,” a foot orthosis with double the commercially available height for arch support to observe the effect on the knee when overcorrected. Kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint were collected by a markerless motion capture system with 2 force plates and compared between orthosis types using linear regression analysis.
Results
The knee valgus angle at initial contact was 2.3 ± 5.2 degrees for “low” medial arch support height, 2.1 ± 5.8 degrees for “mid,” and 0.4 ± 6.6 degrees for “high.” Increased arch support height significantly decreased the knee valgus angle at initial contact. Other kinematic and kinetic measurements did not differ between groups.
Conclusions
The valgus angle of the knee at initial contact was decreased by the height of the medial arch support provided by foot orthosis during cutting manoeuvres. Increasing the arch support height may decrease knee valgus angle at initial contact. Medial arch support of foot orthosis may be effective in risk reduction of ACL injury.
Smartphone ophthalmoscope as a tool in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy: a crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Hongxi , Liao Xulong , Zhang Mingzhi , Pang Chi Pui , chen haoyu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone ophthalmoscope (SO) in teaching ophthalmoscopy, compared with direct ophthalmoscope (DO).
Methods
In this cross-over study, forty-five final-year medical students attending sessions at a single institution were randomly allocated to two groups (A and B). Both groups attended two training sessions. In the first session, Group A students were taught ophthalmoscopy using DO and Group B students using SO. In the second session, the training sessions were crossed over. A series of eye models with 10 letters placed on the inner surface were designed to assess the students' skill on ophthalmoscopy. Students performed ophthalmoscopy on the eye models, recorded their findings and completed a questionnaire of feedback on DO and SO. The main outcome measure was the score of ophthalmoscopy, assessed by the student correctly recording each letter (score 1 for each letter).
Results
For Group A, the mean score of ophthalmoscopy on the eye model using DO and SO was 3.9 ± 2.4 and 8.2 ± 2.2, respectively. For Group B, the respective mean scores were 5.7 ± 3.5 and 8.7 ± 1.8. Students scored significantly higher in ophthalmoscopy when using SO than DO (P < 0.001). They expressed better visualization of the fundus using SO than DO (4.49 ± 0.65 vs 4.13 ± 0.81, P = 0.004).
Conclusions
Students' performance of ophthalmoscopy was better when SO was used compared with DO. The use of SO as an adjunctive tool is recommended and should improve the effectiveness of teaching ophthalmoscopy.
Trial registration:
ChiCTR2100054018. Registered 6 December, 2021 - Retrospectively registered.
Effect of Handing a Written Document to Share Concerns and Values to Physicians When Making Decisions About Starting Drug Treatment Among Patients: A Pre-post Quasi-experimental Study with Propensity Score Matching.
Authors: Bito Seiji , Iioka Tomomi , Yamada Yasuhiro , Hiraoka Eiji , Miyagami Taiju , Nago Naoki , Mori Takahiro , Sato Masamichi , Okada Tadao , Asai Atsushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Little evidence surrounds the effectiveness of decision aids to encourage physicians’ understanding of patients’ subjective perceptions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using a patient-filled standard template to express patients’ views, preferences, or concerns to their physicians in a clinical decision-making setting, on patients’ perceived decisional conflict and post-decision regrets.
Methods
A pre-post quasi-experimental study with a six-month control period followed by a 12-month intervention period. Participants came from six teaching hospitals and two clinics in Japan. The target population included 150 patients affected by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia, whose physicians had recently suggested to start drug treatment as a medical option. In the control period, a booklet on general informed consent was distributed, while in the intervention period, a “template for shared decision-making” was also provided. Patients were asked to fill out the template, which was then attached to the electronic medical records.
Results
Two months after enrollment, the decision conflict and decision regret scales were mailed to the patients. Three months after enrollment, the decision status about starting drug treatment and the concordance between the patients’ decision status and initial medical recommendation were observed. Seventy-nine and seventy-one participants assigned to the control and intervention groups were enrolled. Fifty-five patient pairs generated by propensity score matching were analyzed. No significant difference was observed between both groups in the decision conflict scale’s subscale scores and decision regret scale scores. The relative risk of the patients with a decision status of “still considering” regarding starting drug treatment was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.02–4.9) in the intervention group. The concordance rate between the physicians’ recommendation for starting drug treatment at enrollment and the patients’ actual decision made was 78.2% and 90.9% in the control and intervention groups, respectively (relative risk = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.05–2.2).
Conclusions
Using a template document to express patients’ personal values and feelings to their physicians is associated with longer deliberation times in making decisions about starting drug treatment; this may lead to decisions that are closer to medical recommendations.
The Identification and Verification of Hub Genes Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Wu Weibin , Chen Ai , Lin Siming , Wang Qiuran , Lian Guili , Luo Li , Xie Liangdi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, with complex etiology, difficult treatment and poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential biomarkers for PAH based on bioinformatics analysis.Methods: The GSE117261 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by screening PAH patients and controls. Then the DEGs were analyzed using a Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the key modules were determined, and to further explore their potential biological functions via Gene Ontology analysis (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway analysis (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Moreover, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify hub gene candidates in the key modules. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was supplied to detected the expressions of hub genes in pulmonary arterial smooth cells (PASMCs) treated with cobalt chloride (COCl2) which was used to mimic hypoxia.Results: There were 2299 DEGs identified. WGCNA indicated that yellow module was the key one correlated with PAH. GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that genes in the yellow module were mainly enriched in ‘Pathways in cancer’. GSEA revealed that ‘HALLMARK_MYC_TARGETS_V1’ was remarkably enriched in PAH. Based on the PPI network, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), PNN interacting serine and arginine rich protein (PNISR) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1(HNRNPH1) were identified as the hub genes. Additionally, the PCR indicated that the elevated expressions of PNISR and HNRNPH1 were in line with the bioinformatics analysis. ROC analysis determined that PNISR and HNRNPH1 could serves as potential biomarkers to provide better diagnosis of PAH.Conclusion: PNISR and HNRNPH1 were potential biomarkers to diagnosis PAH. In summary, the identified DEGs, modules, pathways, and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of PAH.
V-shaped uterine suture (VUS): A new suturing technique to control lower uterine bleeding in placenta previa or accreta during cesarean section
Authors: Aoki Showa , Tomita Junko , Takahara Tokuei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Uterine compression sutures have been reported to be an effective intraoperative hemostatic method in placenta previa or accreta. Nonetheless, this suture narrows the cavity of the lower uterine segment, making additional hemostatic measures difficult. Furthermore, extensive blockage of blood perfusion, in both the anterior and posterior walls, increases the risk of ischemia. Patients and Methods: We developed a V-shaped uterine suture (VUS), in which the suture was applied only on the side of placental detachment, including the area of the internal uterine ostium. Of the 20 cases of partial and total placenta previa diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography, between January 2018 and December 2021, VUS was performed in 14 cases using the following criteria: 1) gushing bleeding from the vicinity of the internal uterine ostium; 2) once the bleeding was removed, the time taken to re-fill the uterine cavity below the uterine incision, was 5 s or less.Results: The mean intraoperative blood loss was 1212±463 ml (range: 700-2100 ml). All procedures were completed in < 5 min, without the need for blood transfusion. Ultrasonography showed no uterine abnormalities on the fourth postoperative day or during the one-month follow-up evaluation.Conclusion: VUS is a simple and quick suturing technique to control massive hemorrhage in placenta previa or accreta with no narrowing of the lower part of the uterus and minimal blockage of the uterus. We suggest that VUS should be performed first, to obtain reliable hemostasis and prevent critical hemorrhagic damage.