bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Decellularized Caprine Periosteum Scaffolds for Fracture Gap Healing
Authors: Goyal Ravi P. , Gangwar Anil K. , Khangembam Sangeeta D. , Yadav Vipin K. , Singh Yogendra , Kumar Prafull 
Published: September 2022

Certain chemical and enzymes like sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulphate and Triton X-100 have been used as biological detergents but are responsible for residual cytotoxicity in the decellularized extracellular matrix. The periosteum plays a key role in bone regeneration. We aimed to prepare decellularized caprine periosteum scaffold by exploring the decellularization property of Sapindus mukorossi fruit pericarp extract (SPE). We developed decellularization protocols to completely remove the periosteum cellular components and for good maintenance of the hierarchical multilayer structures and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with no cytotoxicity. Histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stained tissue samples decellularized by 5% SPE extract confirmed decellularization with preservation of extracellular matrix microarchitecture. DAPI stained decellularized tissues revealed complete removal of nuclear components, verified by DNA content measurement. It was concluded that 5% SPE is ideal for preparation of decellularized caprine periosteum scaffold and these scaffolds can be used for bone regeneration.
Quality Characteristics of Functional Pork Sausages Incorporated with Oat Bran Powder
Authors: Jandyal Mehak , Malav O. P. , Mehta Nitin , Wagh Rajesh V. 
Published: September 2022

Sausages were developed by replacing lean meat with oat bran (OB) at 3%, 6%, and 9% levels. pH, cooking yield, instrumental textural profile and sensory properties of treated sausages were evaluated. Different levels of dietary fiber source with very good sensory acceptability were compared with control. Overall acceptability of 6 per cent fibre (oat bran) incorporated sausages were comparable with control. The moisture level of all treatment sausages dropped significantly (P<0.05). Protein content of oat bran incorporated sausages decreased, but the ash content increased significantly. Emulsion stability and cooking yield were significantly higher in 6 and 9 per cent treated sausages, while crude fibre content was significantly higher in all treatment groups.
Learning from the past. The loss of vernacular heritage in the interest of hydropower development in Spain
Authors: Fernández García Noelia 
Published: September 2022

The fact that water stored in reservoirs may be used for diverse purposes - hydroelectricity, irrigation or industrial use, human consumption, recreation, etc. - explains the widely spread policy of building these structures all over the world during the 20th century. However, dams and reservoirs building policies at those times in Spain led to the disappearance of many villages in rural regions due to the flooding of large areas and, as a result, the loss of vernacular architecture and local traditions was unavoidable.In this research, it is aimed to analyse the building of Ricobayo reservoir by the company Saltos del Duero together with its consequences for the affected communities and their heritage through the case of a particular village: La Pueblica, located in the province of Zamora in Castile and León, Spain. Disregarding the relevance of vernacular architecture, the devastation of La Pueblica, which allegedly existed ‘unaffected over time’, isolated from modern times and whose homes were ‘unhygienic and meagre’, was registered in the documentary called Por Tierras de España (1933) carried out by Fernando López Heptener, who worked for the company and oversaw expropriations of lands and housing in areas to be flooded. Due to the subsequent interest in spreading the film, it is possible for us to recover nowadays the lost image of La Pueblica, the vernacular architecture within as well as the traditions which were carried out in those spaces.If the future of dams is linked to sustainable energy resources and developing countries as thought nowadays, previous positive – but also negative – experiences must be considered, since, despite all the prior benefits linked to water utilisation, building these engineering structures undoubtedly implies a direct social effect on the communities and heritage elements connected to them, which could be decisive to manage our cultural heritage nowadays.
Traditional dwellings and techniques of the First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa in the Eastern Cape
Authors: Minguzzi Magda , Hernandez Navarro Yolanda , Vosloo Lucy 
Published: September 2022

Vernacular indigenous dwellings of the Khoikhoi Peoples (First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa[1]) present in the Baviaans Kloof area in the Eastern Cape (South Africa) have been surveyed and are currently under study by the authors with the direct involvement of the community members. This research is of particular relevance because: it is conducted in a geographical area that is currently under-researched in respect to this particular theme; the dwellings are an exceptionally rare example of the use of Khoikhoi traditional techniques and materials; it was achieved with the direct engagement of the Indigenous community. The research collaboration applies a transdisciplinary approach and method – already in place with the NRF-CEP research by Dr Minguzzi – that employs a multi-layered methodology: practice-led research, community engagement/ community cultural development, influenced by narrative inquiry. In the age of globalization, it becomes necessary to study the origin and development of those buildings to understand their constructive process, the use of specific local materials as well as the consequences that the introduction of unsustainable colonial materials caused. This is an aspect that could be relevant for future reflection on how to preserve and promote the Indigenous cultural, social inclusion and sustainable built environment. The paper will define the state of the art and morphological, functional and technical analysis of contemporary Khoikhoi dwellings to identify the tangible and intangible cultural heritage and the influences of colonization on it. [1] The First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa are the San (hunter-gatherer) and Khoikhoi (herders). Two groups which, in precolonial times had overlapping subsistence patterns and use of the territory, and which, from the colonist arrival until the present, have been fighting for the recognition of their identity and heritage. In this regard see: Besten M. “We are the original inhabitant of this land: Khoe-San identity in post-apartheid South Africa”, in Adhaikari M. (2013), Burdened by Race: Coloured identities in southern Africa, UCT press, Cape Town.
Shuar architecture as a model of sustainability
Authors: Morocho-Jaramillo David Eduardo 
Published: September 2022

In recent decades modern architecture has focused excessively on the search for new construction techniques to facilitate and improve the construction process in cities. This has reduced the application of local construction techniques and materials, leading to the neglect of cultural heritage and architectural landscape.As vernacular architecture relates to historical inhabitance of the territory with no theoretical or aesthetic pretences it is a viable model of sustainability. At no point do poverty and nostalgia for the past correspond to the way in which this type of architecture was conceived. The ways of thinking and life of indigenous cultures open a viable path towards the conservation of their architecture. Although today there is an inclination to build following the new tradition of modern materials and typologies, and leaving aside the close connection between the forms of inhabiting and their surroundings, it is necessary to create a heritage awareness of place, where its architecture can be adapted to a new way of conceiving architecture and its spaces to fulfil the needs of a modern society.
Architectural survey, realized with integrated methodology, of the complex of Walser houses in Alagna Valsesia, Italy
Authors: Garuglieri Sara , Di Paola Angela , Vecchio Simone , Frosini Greta , Verona Beatrice 
Published: September 2022

The subject of this paper is the architectural survey, realized with integrated methodology, of three Wal-ser houses, located in Ronco Superiore, within the Alagna Valsesia (Vercelli, Italy) municipality. The task of surveying the complex was assigned to us by the Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Land-scape for the provinces of Biella, Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and Vercelli in cooperation with the Regional Secretariat of Piemonte. The aim of the work was that of providing graphic and metric refer-ences for the houses, which are a typical example of the rural architecture at the foot of Monte Rosa, to be made available for subsequent interventions of restoration and enhancement. The Superintendence took over the safekeeping of the site from the Public Property in 1998 and, since then, has promoted a process of recovery of the buildings, winning the Europa Nostra Award in 2014. Granting access to visi-tors has given a larger audience the possibility of knowing the history, the constructive peculiarities and the works of conservation carried out in this area. Specifically, the complex of Walser houses is the most ancient settlement in Alagna, built between the end of XVI century and the beginning of XVII century. Walser houses have a stone basement and wooden roof and walls. The latter are built with the Blockbau technique, i.e. a superimposition of trunks and beams, juxtaposed to shape walls; interlocking connec-tions ensure the rigidity of the structure. First, we have acquired the morphometric characteristics of the buildings; then, we have elaborated them graphically, by employing a georeferenced, 3D laser scanner. Photogrammetric data have, instead, been acquired using digital cameras and drones.
Rediscovered earth heritage becomes motor for local change - The Guérande Peninsula (France)
Authors: MIRANDA SANTOS MARTA , HILTON Alison , Poullain Philippe , HAMARD Erwan , Mouraud Corentin 
Published: September 2022

In the northwest of France, raw earth has been broadly used, especially in Brittany where cob dwellings have been built since the sixteenth century. Today, cob buildings represent 20 % of the built heritage on this territory (Bardel P., Maillard J-L. 2009). The cob technique is also found in the Vendée marshes, where squat dwellings (“bourrines”), dating back to the fourteenth century, bear witness to the use of local, natural resources (Patte E., Streiff F. 2006; Bonnet S., Alzeort D, Poullain P. 2021). Between these two well-documented earth-building territories lies the Guérande Peninsula where earthen heritage, until recently little-known and neglected, has become the object of study.As a result of several inventories undertaken by earth-building professionals, a part of this heritage has been recorded and mapped (Hilton A. 2016; Miranda Santos M. 2016; Humblot D., Josset F., Marquis B. 2018). Two main research methods have been used: · a general audit of the specific areas of the peninsula where earth buildings exist,· a targeted audit of certain villages and their buildings.This latter entailed a comparison of historical maps with current cadastral maps, followed up by on-site verification.Following this inventory work, a sense of the nature and extent of local earthen heritage is beginning to emerge, feeding synergies with renewed local interest in earth construction. The Maison Neuve eco-district in Guérande presents a clear example of this: its objective is to reuse several thousand tonnes of its own site-excavated earth in earth-building projects over the next 5 years. The results of the inventory work helped this local project to understand the nature of the earth available and the different relevant earth-building techniques. The inventory work has also fed into local educational and awareness-raising activities to raise awareness of local earth-built heritage and disseminate best practice in the renovation of earthen walls
No association between body height and metabolic risk factors in historically short height Asian Indian tribes
Authors: Dorjee Binu , Sen Jaydip , Das Mithun , Bose Kaushik , Scheffler Christiane , Kshatriya Gautam Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Background: Asian Indians often get predisposed to non-communicable diseases for which the “thin-fat” or “hidden obese” Indian phenotype is usually regarded responsible. In Europe, America and in some low-middle-income countries (LMICs) short height is often associated with a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Indians and particularly tribal Indian people are relatively short.
Aim: To assess the associations of height with MetS risk factors among tribal people of India.
Sample and methods: This study was conducted among tribes of India under life-style transition. The height range was 163.2 cm to 156.5 cm (males) and 151.6 cm to 146.9 cm (females). The participants were 1066 men and 1090 women aged 20 to 60 years. Anthropometric and metabolic markers included in the study were height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), skinfolds (biceps, triceps, sub-scapular, and supra-iliacal), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and pulse rate (PR).
Results: The highest correlation existed between height and WC (male: 0.21; female: 0.15). Correlations of body composition variables (BMI, WC, skinfolds) with MetS risk factors (FBG, SBP, DBP, PR) were not reliable (r < 0.30) among both sexes. St. Nicolas House Analysis revealed WC among males and WC and sub-scapular skinfolds among females sharing more connections with other nodes variables.
Conclusions: Unlike the people of the wealthy and often obese social strata of low-middle-income countries, and in Europe and North America, height of tribal Indian populations is not associated with metabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, elevated fasting blood sugar, and central obesity. Rather than linked to the phenotype, obesity appears to be associated with an obesogenic environment. Public health policy should focus on problems associated with obesogenic environments.
Demographic data of Egyptian juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shady Hend Abu , Maher Mary , Atef Heba , Farag Yomna 
Published: September 2022

Background: Juvenile Systemic lupus erythematous is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes damage to various organs such as kidneys, blood, musculoskeletal and nervous system. SLE is variable ranging From mild to severe with unpredictable course of the disease and periods of remission and flares. Methods : The study included 67 patients diagnosed as having jSLE according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics(SLICC) for whom demographic data , full history and laboratory investigations were collected. Results: Among our study population were 13.4%males and 86.6% females with male to female ratio (1:6.4 ). Their mean age was 10.94±3 years. Most of our patients were from Giza (43.3%) followed by Cairo (22.4%). C3 and C4 were consumed in 74.6% of patients, proteinuria was present in 73.1% of patients , hematuria was present in 25.4% of patients. ANA was positive in 98.5% of patients at the time of diagnosis while antiDNA was positive in 85.1%. Conclusion: Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is not uncommon in Egypt with female predominance as known worldwide but younger age of onset of the disease. During COVID 19 pandemic follow up was limited due to fear of infection.
The Influence of Immigration and Generation Change on America Religion
Authors: Zhou Sihan 
Published: September 2022

The U.S. continues to be a major player on the world stage. It is also a country whose religion continues to play a role in both politics and society. Because of this, it is important to understand the trends and changes going on with American religion in order to better understand the changes a major world player is experiencing. After the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the number and categories of immigrants changed enormously. Based on the data of immigrants, I analyzed their nationality and numbers and found that Christianity believers decreased, the religiously unaffiliated people increased and the new religions’ believers, Islam, Hinduism etc., continually increased. I also found that the number and the characteristics of Christianity changed simultaneously in US. Finally, I used the generation change in American itself to explain why the number of religiously unaffiliated people increased so quickly.
Features of the structural and tectonic development of the Alakol region in connection with the prospect of its oil and gas potential
Authors: Sanatbekov M. E. 
Published: September 2022

The article provides a brief analysis of the tectonic structure of the Alakol depression, which suggests a thrust overlap of oil and gas source strata in the ancient Alakol depression by the modern mountain system and expands the promising area for oil and gas exploration. The tectonic structure of the Alakol depression is characterized based on the Paleozoic surface map compiled from seismic data. Due to the poor knowledge of the oil and gas potential of sedimentary complexes of the Alakol depression, one can judge with some degree of conditionality about the prospects of their oil and gas potential. The high intensity of the tectonic regime that affected the structural and formation complexes is associated with horsts and grabens, which affected the lithological and paleogeographic conditions of rock formation.
Therefore, the scale of their oil potential is different and is determined by the type and concentration of organic matter. The scale of sea penetration and the existing lake-bog conditions of rock formation influencing the accumulated strata of the geological section with humic organic matter testifies to their prospects of oil and gas potential.
Analysis of the efficiency of horizontal drilling in the fields of JSC «Embanumaygas»
Authors: Naukenov A. Zh. , Musakhanov A. E. , Dzhakiyeva A. U. , Ashimov K. B. , Sarbayev K, A, , Romanenko P. S. , Zhanserkeyeva A. A. 
Published: September 2022

One of the directions for increasing the recovery factor, effective development of uncovered reserves, as well as maintaining current production, is drilling horizontal wells (hereinafter referred to as HW). The paper considers and provides the analysis for all EMG fields that have current geologic and hydrodynamic models used to select and calculate the design horizontal well locations.
In the paper the authors defined the necessary conditions for increasing the efficiency of horizontal drilling, optimized the length of the horizontal section, analyzed well areas, examined the sector hydrodynamic models, carried out the factor analysis of actual flow rates and the analysis of the current operation of downhole pumping equipment, analyzed changes in the physical and chemical properties and the energy state of the horizontal well zones.
The future of hydrogen energy
Authors: Kulekeyev Zh. A. , Nurtayeva G. K. 
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the fundamentals of hydrogen energy, the development of which has recently received great global attention both due to the limited nature of hydrocarbon reserves and the problem of increasing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere caused by the usage of carbon-containing fuels.
The authors consider both positive and negative aspects of hydrogen energy, as well as possible development directions, and present the prospects for the use of hydrogen fuel.
Fossil plants from the K'uanshanch'ang coal series of North-Eastern Yunnan, China
Authors: Hsu Jen 
Published: September 2022

A collection of 34 species of plants from K'uangshanch'ang of the K'uangshanch'ang Coal Series of Huiche (formerly Tungchuan) district, north-eastern Yunnan, China, has been studied. It is a flora represented by Equisetales, Sphenophyllales, Pteridospermae (or Filicales), Cordaitales, and other groups. The majority of the fossils are fronds of Sphenopteris and Pecopteris and a large number of seeds.
Nine species are identical with or closely comparable to those from the Lower Shillhotze Series of central Shansi (which, according to Professor Halle, is of early Permian age); five are identical with or closely comparable to those from the Upper Shihhotze Series of the same province; seven are related to the Late Carboniferous flora of Sumatra; and four either identical or related to the Permian flora of Korea. This shows that the plants most probably belong to the earliest Permian age.
Five species are described as new: Pecopteris huichensis, P. Sahnii, P. yunnanensis, Tobleria minor and Cornucarpus huichensis.
The last-named species has a seed in organic connection with a sphenopteroid pinnule. Both geographically and in its palaeobotanical composition the Yunnan flora serves as a link between the Gigantopteris flora of China and Korea on the one side and that of Sumatra on the other. It suggests that the geological age of the K'uangshanch'ang Coal Series is earliest Permian.The specimens do not contain even a single species in common with the Indian Gondwana flora, a fact suggesting that there was no land bridge between Cathaysia and Gondwanaland in the early Permian age.
Note on some possible psilophyte remains from Spiti, North-West Himalayas
Authors: Sahni Birbal 
Published: September 2022

The notes and photographs given here were left uncompleted by Professor Sahni. He believed that they were of great potential importance and had consulted many people about them during his tour of America and Europe. At the same time, he appears to have doubted the plant nature of some of the specimens. He left the photographs given here. together with some others. and a general introduction to the paper in note form. This I have freely edited and take responsibility for any mistakes that may have been made.
He left no full description of the specimens, but merely pencil notes written around some of the figures. In describing the specimens, I have availed myself of these notes but again I must assume responsibility for any mistakes.
T. M. HARRIS. December 1949
Plant microfossils from a Jurassic shale of Salt Range, West Punjab (Pakistan)
Authors: Sah S.C.D. 
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a rich variety of microfossils obtained by maceration from the variegated shale of the Salt Range. The microflora includes several kinds of spores, both winged and unwinged; few megaspore-like bodies; fragments of wood; and several cuticular pieces. The spores are mostly pteridophytic and coniferous, the cycadophytic grains being rare. Among the large number of cuticles considerable proportion are of the Brachyphyllum and Pagiophyllum type, indicating that coniferales were strongly represented in the flora. Others with sinuous epidermal cells and syndetocheil type of stomata, suggesting a Bennettitalean affinity, are least represented.
The spores and pollen grains are described under Naumova's (1937) artificial system. New subgroups have been proposed for spores and pollen grains which do not fit in any of the known subgroups. The microflora as a whole suggests a middle Jurassic age for the variegated shale.