bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Soil Moisture Stress and Abscisic Acid Pretreatment in Modifying SO2 Sensitivity in Poinsettia
Authors: Krizek Donald T. , Mirecki Roman M. , Semeniuk Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Soil moisture stress (SMS) and abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment had a marked effect in modifying SO2 sensitivity in 2 cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzch.) ‘Ruff and Reddy’ and ‘Rudolph’. Plants grown in 10-cm plastic pots in the greenhouse and exposed to SMS by withholding water for 2.5 days prior to SO2 fumigation in the growth chamber (4 hr at 3 μ1·liter−1) showed greatly reduced SO2 injury; both cultivars were protected similarly. SMS treatment also greatly decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves. ‘Ruff and Reddy’ plants pretreated with ABA (200 mg·liter−1 of the racemic mixture) 4 hr prior to SO2 fumigation were injured less by SO2 than ‘Rudolph’ and had correspondingly lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. ‘Rudolph’ plants pretreated with ABA did not show significantly less SO2 injury, even though stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were lower than controls after ABA pretreatment. These findings demonstrate the importance of moisture stress preconditioning in modifying sensitivity of poinsettia plants to SO2 and suggest a protective role for ABA in certain cultivars.
Selection for Virus Tolerance in Strawberry
Authors: Sjulin Thomas M. , Robbins JoAnn , Barritt Bruce H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) seedlings of a 4-parent diallel and runner plants of their parent cultivars were inoculated with naturally occurring complexes of mottle, mild-yellow edge, and crinkle viruses by infesting plants with viruliferous aphids. The parent cultivars, chosen to represent a range in tolerance to complexes of these viruses, were ‘Hood’, ‘Olympus’, ‘Rainier’, and ‘Totem’ (listed in order of increasing tolerance). Virus inoculation reduced seedling plant vigor, petiole length, leaflet width, leaf dry weight, and parent plant vigor, but increased the numbers of leaves per plant of both seedlings and parents in the greenhouse. After growing in the field, virus-tolerance ratings of inoculated seedlings were lower than ratings of control seedlings. General combining ability constants for inoculated seedlings were similar, in rank and separation, to those reported by previous investigators. Field virus-tolerance ratings were lower than controls for inoculated plants of only one parent (‘Olympus’) and were higher than controls at the final evaluation for inoculated plants of a 2nd parent (‘Totem’). Genotypic differences among seedlings and parents confounded the effects of virus inoculation in both the greenhouse and the field. Petiole length in the greenhouse was correlated most consistently with subsequent field virus-tolerance ratings. The mean virus-tolerance ratings of inoculated seedlings, selected on the basis of petiole length, was higher than the rating of all inoculated seedlings and did not differ from the rating of control seedlings.
Emergence at High Temperature and Seedling Growth Following Pretreatment of Lettuce Seeds with Fusicoccin and Other Growth Regulators
Authors: Nelson J.M. , Sharples G.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rate and total emergence of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Empire’) seedlings incubated at 33°C for 10 hr, alternating with 23° for 14 hr, was markedly increased by seed treatment with 0.5 mM fusicoccin (FC). Neither gibberellic acid (GA) nor kinetin (K) were effective in improving emergence when used alone. The combination of FC with GA or K appeared to give a synergistic enhancement of emergence rate. The radicle elongation of seedlings was reduced by seed treatment with FC, K, or combinations of FC, GA, and K in tests at 20°. The greatest reductions were caused by combinations that included FC. The inhibiting effect of FC on radicle growth was reduced by using a concentration of 0.05 mm. Treatment with 0.05 mm FC resulted in slower emergence but gave the same total emergence as 0.5 mm FC at high temperature. Both FC and GA stimulated hypocotyl elongation.
Effects of Genotype and Sewage Sludge on Cadmium Concentration in Lettuce Leaf Tissue
Authors: Yuran Gene T. , Harrison Helen C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaf Cd concentrations were determined for 60 commercial cultivars and USDA plant introductions of noncrisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This 2-year study evaluated each genotype in field plots receiving an industrial sludge, a municipal sludge, or no sludge amendment. Genotype and sludge treatment had significant effects on leaf Cd concentration. Although the genotype x year interaction was also significant, the Cd concentrations of some cultivars (‘Waldmann’s Green’ and ‘Summer Queen’) were consistently low while others (PI 278080, PI 167148, and ‘Citation’) were consistently high. Plots amended with the industrial sludge had the highest total and available Cd levels, and plants grown on these plots had the highest leaf Cd concentrations, ranging from 3.1 to 11.9 μg·g−1. Leaf Cd concentrations from plants grown on the municipal sludge-amended plots ranged from 1.4 to 5.5 μg·g−1 and from 1.2 to 2.5 μg·g−1 for the control plots.
Effect of Root Container Size and Location of Production on Growth and Yield of Tomato Transplants
Authors: Weston Leslie A. , Zandstra Bernard H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Pik-Red’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants produced in 2 locations (Florida and Michigan), in 6 root cell sizes were compared for fruit productivity in Michigan. Transplants grown in large cells produced more early yields than those from small cells, but generally did not produce more total yields. Large root cell size had a greater effect on transplant size than did wide spacing in the flat. Speedling root cell size 175 (39.5 cm3) produced the largest transplants, the largest early fruit yields, and the greatest weight of marketable fruit. Transplants grown in Speedling trays in Michigan produced larger early yields than Speedling transplants grown in Florida.
Influence of 12 Ground Cover Systems on Young ‘Smoothee Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees: II. Nutrition
Authors: Shribbs J.M. , Skroch W.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two-year-old ‘Smoothee Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) on seedling rootstock were planted into cultivated soil in Spring 1981, and 12 ground cover systems were then established. Apple leaves, twigs from pruning cuts, soil samples, and ground cover clippings were analyzed for nutrient content in 1983 and 1984. Leaf N content had the highest positive correlation with tree growth. Leaf P and K contents were negatively correlated with leaf N and tree growth. Twig N, P, K, Mg, Ca, and Zn contents were positively correlated with leaf N content and tree growth. Soil nitrate content was positively correlated with tree growth and leaf N content. Results implicate N competition as a major factor of interaction between apple trees and grass and broadleaf ground covers.
Physiology of Melon Leaf Membrane Thermostability During Heat Conditioning
Authors: Lester G.E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedling leaf segments of 2 Cucumis melo L. cultivars were heated for 15 min at 50°C to observe the influence of duration of temperature conditioning on the acclimation and deacclimation of membrane thermostability. The percentage of injury was measured by the increase in solution conductivity due to electrolyte leakage from leaf segments. Leaves from seedlings held for 5 days at 15° had a higher percentage of injury following heat stress then those held 5 days at 35°. Acclimation for 2 to 4 hr at 35° was enough to reduce the percentage of injury to leaves from 15°-grown plants. Deacclimation for 8 hr at 15° increased the percentage of injury to leaves from plants grown at 35°. Heat injury regressed as a function of mean relative leaf-blade growth rate with temperature and leaf age with temperature yielded predictive regression equations suggesting leaf age is better as a predictor of membrane thermostability than is leaf growth rate.
Plant Density and Row Arrangement Effects on Carrot Yields
Authors: McCollum T.G. , Locascio S.J. , White J.M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of carrots (Daucus carota L.) to target plant densities of 39, 59, and 79 plants per meter of band with various row arrangements (2 band/bed with 2, 3, or 4 seeded rows/band with 3.8 to 11.4 cm between rows) on a Landerhill muck soil. Marketable and total carrot yields increased linearly with increased plant density from 24 to 85 plants per square meter. In 2 of 3 experiments, row arrangement significantly influenced yield; greatest yields were obtained when spacing between rows in a band was greater than 3.8 cm, indicating some advantage to increasing the distance between rows. Mean length and diameter of marketable roots decreased linearly with increased plant density. Length and diameter of marketable carrots were influenced by row arrangement in one of the 3 experiments. Carrots grown in rows spaced more than 3.8 cm apart were longer and had a greater diameter than did carrots grown with 3.8 cm between rows.
Growth Responses of Eggplant and Soybean Seedlings to Mechanical Stress in Greenhouse and Outdoor Environments
Authors: Latimer Joyce G. , Pappas Thalia , Mitchell Cary A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum ‘Burpee's Black Beauty’) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] seedlings were assigned to a greenhouse or a windless or windy outdoor environment. Plants within each environment received either periodic seismic (shaking) or thigmic (flexing or rubbing) treatments, or were left undisturbed. Productivity (dry weight) and dimensional (leaf area and stem length) growth parameters generally were reduced more by mechanical stress in the greenhouse (soybean) or outdoor-windless environment (eggplant) than in the outdoor windy environment. Outdoor exposure enhanced both stem and leaf specific weights, whereas mechanical stress enhanced only leaf specific weight. Although both forms of controlled mechanical stress tended to reduce node and internode diameters of soybean, outdoor exposure increased stem diameter.
Relationship of Netted Muskmelon Fruit Water Loss to Postharvest Storage Life
Authors: Lester G.E. , Bruton B.D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Magnum 45’ muskmelon fruit, (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.) either shrink-film-wrapped to maintain a water-saturated microatmosphere or non wrapped, were stored in 4°C, 85-95% RH, and were sampled at 10-day intervals for 40 days postharvest. Fruits maintained in a water-saturated microatmosphere via shrinkwrap exhibited no significant change in percentage of dry weight, firmness, soluble sugars, β-carotene, or a loss of membrane integrity throughout 40 days storage. Shrink-wrap fruit had a 1% reduction in fresh weight, and a decline in appearance rating and surface browning by 40 days postharvest but were generally rated as excellent to good salable quality. Unwrapped fruit maintained in 85-95% RH exhibited progressive decline in appearance, surface browning, percentage of dry weight, soluble sugars, mesocarp firmness, and loss of membrane integrity. No change was observed in β-carotene. Non wrapped fruit had a 5.7% reduction in fresh weight within 20 days postharvest and were generally rated as fair to poor salable quality. Mesocarp membrane integrity during postharvest storage was highly dependent on percentage of fresh weight loss over time for both shrink-film-wrapped and non wrapped muskmelon fruit.
Effect of High Temperature on Proline Content in Tomato Floral Buds and Leaves
Authors: Kuo C.G. , Chen H.M. , Ma L.H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The proline contents of anthers, pollen, pistils, and leaves were examined in several tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars under different temperature conditions. The proline content in anthers increased with advancing development of floral buds to a maximum at anthesis. The pistil contained less proline than the anthers and did not accumulate proline with advancement of floral bud development in most cultivars. High temperature reduced proline content in anthers regardless of the stages of floral bud development. It also tended to reduce proline content in pistils of later floral bud stage. The proline content of the leaves was lower than that of anthers or pistils; however, high temperature increased the proline level in the leaves. Pollen collected from the hot-season planting contained less proline than that collected from the cool-season planting. The addition of proline to germination medium enhanced pollen germination rate and increased pollen resistance to heat. These results suggest that the low proline accumulation in anthers and pollen at high temperature may be the result of the high accumulation in the leaves. Also, high proline content in anthers may be necessary to confer heat resistance to pollen germinating at high temperatures.
Boron Use in the Table Beet and the Relation of Short-term Boron Stress to Blackheart Injury
Authors: Halbrooks Mary C. , Peterson Lloyd A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars (‘Ruby Queen’, ‘Gladiator’, and ‘Mono-King Explorer’) grown with varying B regimens had similar patterns of dry weight and B accumulation. Between 0.1 and 0.4 ppm B in solution, dry weight of leaf blades, petioles, roots, and fibrous roots did not increase. Boron content increased in leaf blades and remained constant in other plant parts. From 0.0005 to 0.011 ppm B in solution, dry weight of whole plants, shoots, and roots increased through 0.007 ppm B. Boron content increased in shoots and leaf blades through 0.011 ppm B. Distribution of dry weight and B content was reversed in these plants compared to those grown in B levels sufficient for normal development. With insufficient B levels, plants accumulated greater dry weight in shoot than root portions, and B content was greatest in root compared to shoot portions. The effect of short-term B stress on dry weight and B content varied with the growth stage at which stress was induced. Severity of B deficiency symptoms was related to length of the B stress interval. Blackheart injury of roots occurred in plants stressed during early secondary growth. Recovery from stress was associated with B stress induced prior to or after this critical developmental period.
Prediction of Lignin and Suberin Deposition in Boundary Zone Tissue of Wounded Tree Bark Using Accumulated Degree Days
Authors: Biggs A.R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The phellogen of cultivated apple, sweet cherry, and peach trees was wounded at regular intervals beginning in early May and ending in late Aug. 1983. Bark tissue supporting the wounds was excised, sectioned, treated with phloroglucinol + HCl, and examined under a bright field to determine the extent of lignification. The same sections were examined under ultraviolet epi-illumination to determine the extent of suberin deposition in the boundary zone tissue formed from cells present at the time of wounding. Mean daily temperature, time post-wounding, and accumulated degree days (base = −5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°C) were used to predict the percentage of wounds lignified and suberized. A segmented quadratic equation incorporating accumulated degree days (base = 0°) was the best model for predicting lignification for the 3 species and for suberin deposition in peach and sweet cherry.
Ethylene and Auxin Transport and Metabolism in Peach Fruit Abscission
Authors: Ramina A. , Masia A. , Vizzotto G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interaction of exogenous ethylene and embryoctomy with auxin transport and metabolism through the abscission zone located between fruit and receptable (AZ3) was studied in ‘Andross’ peach. At the end of stage I of fruit development, abscission was induced physically by embryoctomy, or chemically be using ethephon as the ethylene releaser, and/or TIBA as an auxin transport inhibitor. Ethephon was applied to the fruit (Ef) or to the pedicel (Ep), and TIBA to the pedicel, alone (TIBAp) or in combination with ethephon to the fruit (TIBAp + Ef). Embryoctomy induced a quick activation of AZ3 cells, with all fruits abscising in one week; Ef, Ef + TIBAp, TIBAp and induced a fruit drop of 80−85%. Ethephon applied to the pedicel was totally ineffective in hastening fruit drop. Abscission was preceded by a reduction of (1−14C)IAA transport through AZ3 cells, an increase of its decarboxylation and changes in partitioning of the radioactivity among the different solvents. Radioactivity in the EtOH fraction declined in those treatments that were effective in promoting abscission, while it decreased in the NaOH and residue fractions. Changes in the H2O fraction were variable. As far as metabolites in the EtOH soluble fraction are concerned, higher levels of (1−14C)IAA and lower amounts of (1−14C)IAASp were detected in explants excised from treatments effective in promoting abscission. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA).
Changes in Extracellular Polysaccharides During Cold Acclimation of Cultured Pear Cells
Authors: Wallner Stephen J. , Wu Min-Tze , Anderson-Krengel Sarah J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Suspension-cultured pear (Pyrus communis ‘Bartlett’) cells cold-acclimated during exposure to 2°C. Cold acclimation was accompanied by changes in soluble extracellular polysaccharides and in the deposition of callose in the cell wall. Release of a relatively small neutral polysaccharide into culture medium was increased at 2°. However, low temperature decreased the extracellular accumulation of a larger molecular weight (Mr) pectic polysaccharide. The reduced amount of pectic polysaccharide may have been the result of both a low-temperature-enhanced degradation of existing polysaccharide and an inhibition of new synthesis or secretion. The effect of low temperature on callose deposition was observed using an aniline blue fluorescent staining procedure. Pear cells held at 2° showed far more intense staining than those at 22°, indicating increased deposition of callose or other β-1,3-glucans at the cell surface during cold acclimation.
Inheritance of Fruit Development Interval and Fruit Size in Blueberry Progenies
Authors: Finn Chad E. , Luby J.J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Progenies from crosses among 17 highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), lowbush (V. angustifolium Ait.), and V. corymbosum/V. angustiforium hybrid parents were evaluated in 1983 and 1984 of dates for 50% bloom and 50% ripe fruit, length of the fruit development interval, and berry weight. Additive genetic variance was more important than nonadditive genetic variance, based on general combining ability (GCA) variance components. Heritability estimates were moderately high (0.44-0.78) for all traits. GCA effects were largely dependent on the parents’ ancestry. A long fruit development interval was not necessarily associated with large fruit size. Selection for large fruit size, late bloom period, early ripening, and short fruit development interval in this population should be successful. Parental phenotype should be indicative of relative progeny performance.
Effect of Peat : Vermiculite Mixes Containing Trichoderma harzianum on Increased Growth Response of Radish
Authors: Paulitz T. , Windham M. , Baker R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of peat: vermiculite mixes on increased growth response of radish (Raphanus sativus L. ‘Early Scarlet Globe’) induced by Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (isolate T-12) were investigated. Canadian sphagnum peat and vermiculite were mixed in various ratios to form 0-100% peat mixes. Four levels of T-12 amendment were added to these mixes—0%, 2%, 5%, and 10% (v/v) or 0%, 0.1%, 1%, and 10%. In general, increasing levels of T-12 amendment induced linear increases in radish dry weights after 4 and 5 weeks. Greatest increases were seen in mixes containing 20% peat or 80% peat. The smallest increases were observed when T. harzianum was added to 0% peat or 100% peat mixes. There was no effect on the population densities of T-12 after it was introduced into the mixes. No Pythium spp. or root disease were detected in the mixes, suggesting that T. harzianum, a biological control agent, can increase plant growth independent of any detectable root pathogens.
Adaptability of Blueberry Species to Various Soil Types: II. Leaf and Soil Analysis
Authors: Korcak R.F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A range of soils, with or without the addition of peatmoss, and seedlings of blueberry progenies were used in an outdoor pot study to examine the adaptability of blueberries to upland soil conditions with controlled fertilizer additions and trickle irrigation. Blueberry progenies ranged from essentially pure highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to interspecific hybrids containing varying amounts of evergreen (V. darrowi Camp), lowbush (V. angustifolium Aiton), black highbush (V. atrococcum Heller), and rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) blueberry germplasm. The soils represented the 3 physiographic regions of the eastern United States with Berryland sand used as a comparative control. Leaf analysis for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg showed significant effects of soil, but no consistent effect of peatmoss addition or fertilizer source in the 2 years of the experiment. There were significant differences among progenies. Foliar Fe, B, Al, Zn, and Cu concentrations varied independent of soil material, progeny, or fertilizer source. Leaf Mn was significantly increased from solid 10N-4P-8K fertilizer and a significant soil by progeny interaction existed. Those progenies containing some V. angustifolium tended to have increased foliar Mn levels. The reduced vigor of the blueberry progenies grown on soils other than the Berryland sand was tentatively ascribed to induced nutrient imbalances, involving Ca, Fe, and Mn, possibly being governed by soil cation exchange capacity and organic matter reactivity.
Companion Grass and Mulch Influences on Bahiagrass, Centipedegrass, and St. Augustinegrass Establishment
Authors: Dudeck A.E. , Peacock C.H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of companion grasses and mulch on warm-season turfgrass establishment. Vegetative plantings of centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] and St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatun (Walt.) Kuntze] and seeded plantings of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum var. saurae Parodi) and centipedegrass were seeded with nine companion grasses, and they were either mulched or not mulched with grass hay. Data were gathered on seedling stand, rate of ground cover development, and ground cover composition at various intervals after planting. Browntop millet (Panicum ramosum L.) was the most rapid companion grass to establish in all plantings, but it was also most competitive to warm-season turfgrasses. Although ‘FL-501’ oats (Avena sativa L.) had a slower establishment rate than Browntop millet, it was less competitive than the latter as warm-season turfgrass cover 63 days after planting was equal to control plots planted without a companion grass. Mulch had a beneficial effect on establishment rate of seeded bahiagrass that negated the need for a companion grass when establishing bahiagrass from seed. Mulch had no detrimental effect on the slow establishment of vegetatively propagated St. Augustinegrass and centipedegrass or on seeded centipedegrass.