bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption Spectral Database as Reference for Spaceborne Mass Spectrometers
Authors: Klenner Fabian , Umair Muhammad , Walter Sebastian H. G. , Khawaja Nozair , Hillier Jon , Nölle Lenz , Zou Zenghui , Napoleoni Maryse , Sanderink Arnaud , Zuschneid Wilhelm , Abel Bernd , Postberg Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpaceborne impact ionization mass spectrometers, such as the Cosmic Dust Analyzer on board the past Cassini spacecraft or the SUrface Dust Analyzer being built for NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission, are of crucial importance for the exploration of icy moons in the Solar System, such as Saturn's moon Enceladus or Jupiter's moon Europa. For the interpretation of data produced by these instruments, analogue experiments on Earth are essential. To date, thousands of laboratory mass spectra have been recorded with an analogue experiment for impact ionization mass spectrometers. Simulation of mass spectra of ice grains in space is achieved by a Laser Induced Liquid Beam Ion Desorption (LILBID) approach. The desorbed cations or anions are analyzed in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The amount of unstructured raw data is increasingly challenging to sort, process, interpret and compare with data from space. Thus far this has been achieved manually for individual mass spectra because no database containing the recorded reference spectra was available. Here we describe the development of a comprehensive, extendable database containing cation and anion mass spectra from the laboratory LILBID facility. The database is based on a Relational Database Management System with a web server interface and enables filtering of the laboratory data using a wide range of parameters. The mass spectra can be compared not only with data from past and future space missions but also mass spectral data generated by other, terrestrial, techniques. The validated and approved subset of the database is available for general public (https://lilbid-db.planet.fu-berlin.de).
Showcasing MESMER‐X: Spatially Resolved Emulation of Annual Maximum Temperatures of Earth System Models
Authors: Quilcaille Y. , Gudmundsson L. , Beusch L. , Hauser M. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmulators of Earth System Models (ESMs) are complementary to ESMs by providing climate information at lower computational costs. Thus far, the emulation of spatially resolved climate extremes has only received limited attention, even though extreme events are one of the most impactful aspects of climate change. Here, we propose a method for the emulation of local annual maximum temperatures, with a focus on reproducing essential statistical properties such as correlations in space and time. We test different emulator configurations and find that driving the emulations with global mean surface temperature offers an optimal compromise between model complexity and performance. We show that the emulations can mimic the temporal evolution and spatial patterns of the underlying climate model simulations and are able to reproduce their natural variability. The general design and the good performance for annual maximum temperatures suggest that the proposed methodology can be applied to other climate extremes.
Excitation of Two Types of Storm‐Time Pc5 ULF Waves by Ring Current Ions Based on the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupled Model
Authors: Yamakawa T. , Seki K. , Amano T. , Miyoshi Y. , Takahashi N. , Nakamizo A. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo types of storm‐time Pc5 waves are excited in the magnetosphere–ionosphere coupled model. We conduct magnetosphere–ionosphere (M–I) coupling between geospace environment modeling system for integrated studies‐ring current (GEMSIS‐RC) and GEMSIS‐POTential solver (GEMSIS‐POT) models in order to investigate the excitation of storm‐time Pc5 waves under more realistic conditions. The coupled model enables us to simulate ion transport from the plasma sheet by the convection electric field. First, we find the excitation of fundamental mode Pc5 waves on the dayside. These waves are generated by the drift resonance and driven by positive energy gradient of ion phase space density (PSD). The wave excitation is similar with the case without M–I coupling. Second, we detect second harmonic mode Pc5 waves with high azimuthal wave number in the dusk and premidnight region. The PSD oscillates associated with the waves, and the drift‐bounce resonance occurs at 50–80 keV ions. We find that these ions drift around the Earth and reach the nightside again at t ∼ 4,500 s, whose time scale is comparable to the drift period of these ions. At that time, inward gradient of the PSD is created, which contributes to the wave growth. This effect does not happen in the case without dawn‐to‐dusk convection electric field driven by Region 1 field aligned current (FAC). We find that the shielding by Region 2 FAC suppresses the flux of newly injected ions at the nightside, inward gradient of the PSD, and power spectra of second harmonic mode waves.
Ecosystem size-induced environmental fluctuations affect the temporal dynamics of community assembly mechanisms
Authors: Bier Raven L , Vass Máté , Székely Anna J , Langenheder Silke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Understanding processes that determine community membership and abundance is important for many fields from theoretical community ecology to conservation. However, spatial community studies are often conducted only at a single timepoint despite the known influence of temporal variability on community assembly processes. Here we used a spatiotemporal study to determine how environmental fluctuation differences induced by mesocosm volumes (larger volumes were more stable) influence assembly processes of aquatic bacterial metacommunities along a press disturbance gradient. By combining path analysis and network approaches, we found mesocosm size categories had distinct relative influences of assembly process and environmental factors that determined spatiotemporal bacterial community composition, including dispersal and species sorting by conductivity. These processes depended on, but were not affected proportionately by, mesocosm size. Low fluctuation, large mesocosms primarily developed through the interplay of species sorting that became more important over time and transient priority effects as evidenced by more time-delayed associations. High fluctuation, small mesocosms had regular disruptions to species sorting and greater importance of ecological drift and dispersal limitation indicated by lower richness and higher taxa replacement. Together, these results emphasize that environmental fluctuations influence ecosystems over time and its impacts are modified by biotic properties intrinsic to ecosystem size.
The weight loss grading system as a predictor of cancer cachexia in oesophageal cancer survivors
Authors: Anandavadivelan Poorna , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Oesophageal cancer survivorship is afflicted by cancer cachexia related weight loss and nutrition impact symptoms. Identifying the factors which predict cancer cachexia specifically is warranted in order to identify those at risk and render the right kind of support. We aimed to assess if preoperative and postoperative body mass index (BMI) adjusted weight loss grading system (WLGS) is predictive of cancer cachexia at one year after surgery for oesophageal cancer.

Methods
Data were used from a prospective nationwide cohort study on patients operated on for oesophageal cancer in Sweden between 2013 and 2018 included at one year after surgery. The study exposure is BMI adjusted weight loss graded into one of five distinct weight loss grades (grades 0–4), defined in accordance with the WLGS by combining BMI and percentage weight loss, assessed at two clinical time points: preoperative and at 6 months post-surgery for oesophageal cancer. The study outcome is subjective measures of cancer cachexia one year after surgery, assessed using the cancer-cachexia specific questionnaire EORTC QLQ-CAX24. Multivariable linear regression models calculated mean score differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for predefined confounders. Statistical significance at p < 0.05 together with a clinically relevant difference of 10-points in mean scores was considered as a significant difference.

Results
Among a total of 232 patients, the highest grade of preoperative WLGS 4 was associated with significantly worse physical decline than lower grades of WLGS 1 (MD -10, 95% CI: −20 to −1) and WLGS 2 (MD −11, 95% CI: −20 to −2). Those with preoperative WLGS 2, 3 and 4 reported lower scores on the adequacy of information on weight loss provided to them than those with preoperative WLGS 0. Those with the highest postoperative WLGS 4 had greater eating and weight loss worry than WLGS 2 (MD −17, 95% CI: −32 to −3) and WLGS 3 (MD −11, 95% CI: −21 to −2) and worse physical decline than WLGS 0 (MD −14, 95% CI: −25 to −2).

Conclusions
Higher grades of both preoperative and postoperative WLGS are predictive of cancer cachexia related physical decline one year after surgery for oesophageal cancer. Additionally, preoperative and postoperative WLGS were also predictive of inadequate information concerning weight loss and more worry regarding eating and weight loss, respectively. The WLGS may be an effective risk prediction tool for postoperative cachexia related physical decline in patients undergoing treatment for oesophageal cancer emphasizing its usability in the clinical setting.
High-performance piezoelectric composites via β phase programming
Authors: Su Yuanjie , Li Weixiong , Cheng Xiaoxing , Zhou Yihao , Yang Shuai , Zhang Xu , Chen Chunxu , Yang Tiannan , Pan Hong , Xie Guangzhong , Chen Guorui , Zhao Xun , Xiao Xiao , Li Bei , Tai Huiling , Jiang Yadong , Chen Long-Qing , Li Fei , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolymer-ceramic piezoelectric composites, combining high piezoelectricity and mechanical flexibility, have attracted increasing interest in both academia and industry. However, their piezoelectric activity is largely limited by intrinsically low crystallinity and weak spontaneous polarization. Here, we propose a Ti3C2Tx MXene anchoring method to manipulate the intermolecular interactions within the all-trans conformation of a polymer matrix. Employing phase-field simulation and molecular dynamics calculations, we show that OH surface terminations on the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets offer hydrogen bonding with the fluoropolymer matrix, leading to dipole alignment and enhanced net spontaneous polarization of the polymer-ceramic composites. We then translated this interfacial bonding strategy into electrospinning to boost the piezoelectric response of samarium doped Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride composite nanofibers by 160% via Ti3C2Tx nanosheets inclusion. With excellent piezoelectric and mechanical attributes, the as-electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers can be easily integrated into the conventional shoe insoles to form a foot sensor network for all-around gait patterns monitoring, walking habits identification and Metatarsalgi prognosis. This work utilizes the interfacial coupling mechanism of intermolecular anchoring as a strategy to develop high-performance piezoelectric composites for wearable electronics.
BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19
Authors: Behrens Georg M. N. , Barros-Martins Joana , Cossmann Anne , Ramos Gema Morillas , Stankov Metodi V. , Odak Ivan , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Hetzel Laura , Köhler Miriam , Patzer Gwendolyn , Binz Christoph , Ritter Christiane , Friedrichsen Michaela , Schultze-Florey Christian , Ravens Inga , Willenzon Stefanie , Bubke Anja , Ristenpart Jasmin , Janssen Anika , Ssebyatika George , Krähling Verena , Bernhardt Günter , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Krey Thomas , Bošnjak Berislav , Hammerschmidt Swantje I. , Förster Reinhold 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeterologous prime/boost vaccination with a vector-based approach (ChAdOx-1nCov-19, ChAd) followed by an mRNA vaccine (e.g. BNT162b2, BNT) has been reported to be superior in inducing protective immunity compared to repeated application of the same vaccine. However, data comparing immunity decline after homologous and heterologous vaccination as well as effects of a third vaccine application after heterologous ChAd/BNT vaccination are lacking. Here we show longitudinal monitoring of ChAd/ChAd (n = 41) and ChAd/BNT (n = 88) vaccinated individuals and the impact of a third vaccination with BNT. The third vaccination greatly augments waning anti-spike IgG but results in only moderate increase in spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell numbers in both groups, compared to cell frequencies already present after the second vaccination in the ChAd/BNT group. More importantly, the third vaccination efficiently restores neutralizing antibody responses against the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of the virus, but neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant remains severely impaired. In summary, inferior SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses following homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination can be compensated by heterologous BNT vaccination, which might influence the choice of vaccine type for subsequent vaccination boosts.
On maternity and the stronger immune response in women
Authors: Mitchell Evan , Graham Andrea L. , Úbeda Francisco , Wild Geoff 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedical research reports that women often exhibit stronger immune responses than men, while pathogens tend to be more virulent in men. Current explanations cannot account for this pattern, creating an obstacle for our understanding of infectious-disease outcomes and the incidence of autoimmune diseases. We offer an alternative explanation that relies on a fundamental difference between the sexes: maternity and the opportunities it creates for transmission of pathogens from mother to child (vertical transmission). Our explanation relies on a mathematical model of the co-evolution of host immunocompetence and pathogen virulence. Here, we show that when there is sufficient vertical transmission co-evolution leads women to defend strongly against temperate pathogens and men to defend weakly against aggressive pathogens, in keeping with medical observations. From a more applied perspective, we argue that limiting vertical transmission of infections would alleviate the disproportionate incidence of autoimmune diseases in women over evolutionary time.
Structural evolution and strain generation of derived-Cu catalysts during CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Lei Qiong , Huang Liang , Yin Jun , Davaasuren Bambar , Yuan Youyou , Dong Xinglong , Wu Zhi-Peng , Wang Xiaoqian , Yao Ke Xin , Lu Xu , Han Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopper (Cu)-based catalysts generally exhibit high C2+selectivity during the electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the origin of this selectivity and the influence of catalyst precursors on it are not fully understood. We combineoperandoX-ray diffraction andoperandoRaman spectroscopy to monitor the structural and compositional evolution of three Cu precursors during the CO2RR. The results indicate that despite different kinetics, all three precursors are completely reduced to Cu(0) with similar grain sizes (~11 nm), and that oxidized Cu species are not involved in the CO2RR. Furthermore, Cu(OH)2- and Cu2(OH)2CO3-derived Cu exhibit considerable tensile strain (0.43%~0.55%), whereas CuO-derived Cu does not. Theoretical calculations suggest that the tensile strain in Cu lattice is conducive to promoting CO2RR, which is consistent with experimental observations. The high CO2RR performance of some derived Cu catalysts is attributed to the combined effect of the small grain size and lattice strain, both originating from the in situ electroreduction of precursors. These findings establish correlations between Cu precursors, lattice strains, and catalytic behaviors, demonstrating the unique ability ofoperandocharacterization in studying electrochemical processes.
Chemical zymogens for the protein cysteinome
Authors: Montasell Mireia Casanovas , Monge Pere , Carmali Sheiliza , Dias Loiola Livia Mesquita , Andersen Dante Guldbrandsen , Løvschall Kaja Borup , Søgaard Ane Bretschneider , Kristensen Maria Merrild , Pütz Jean Maurice , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present three classes of chemical zymogens established around the protein cysteinome. In each case, the cysteine thiol group was converted into a mixed disulfide: with a small molecule, a non-degradable polymer, or with a fast-depolymerizing fuse polymer (ZLA). The latter was a polydisulfide based on naturally occurring molecule, lipoic acid. Zymogen designs were applied to cysteine proteases and a kinase. In each case, enzymatic activity was successfully masked in full and reactivated by small molecule reducing agents. However, only ZLA could be reactivated by protein activators, demonstrating that the macromolecular fuse escapes the steric bulk created by the protein globule, collects activation signal in solution, and relays it to the active site of the enzyme. This afforded first-in-class chemical zymogens that are activated via protein-protein interactions. We also document zymogen exchange reactions whereby the polydisulfide is transferred between the interacting proteins via the “chain transfer” bioconjugation mechanism.
Doping-driven topological polaritons in graphene/α-MoO3 heterostructures
Authors: Hu Hai , Chen Na , Teng Hanchao , Yu Renwen , Qu Yunpeng , Sun Jianzhe , Xue Mengfei , Hu Debo , Wu Bin , Li Chi , Chen Jianing , Liu Mengkun , Sun Zhipei , Liu Yunqi , Li Peining , Fan Shanhui , García de Abajo F. Javier , Dai Qing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractControl over charge carrier density provides an efficient way to trigger phase transitions and modulate the optoelectronic properties of materials. This approach can also be used to induce topological transitions in the optical response of photonic systems. Here we report a topological transition in the isofrequency dispersion contours of hybrid polaritons supported by a two-dimensional heterostructure consisting of graphene and α-phase molybdenum trioxide. By chemically changing the doping level of graphene, we observed that the topology of polariton isofrequency surfaces transforms from open to closed shapes as a result of doping-dependent polariton hybridization. Moreover, when the substrate was changed, the dispersion contour became dominated by flat profiles at the topological transition, thus supporting tunable diffractionless polariton propagation and providing local control over the optical contour topology. We achieved subwavelength focusing of polaritons down to 4.8% of the free-space light wavelength by using a 1.5-μm-wide silica substrate as an in-plane lens. Our findings could lead to on-chip applications in nanoimaging, optical sensing and manipulation of energy transfer at the nanoscale.
Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 serology using at-home collection kits returned via mail
Authors: Campbell Christopher , Roblin Douglas , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Romero Daniel , Joe Jessica , Fathi Lily , Whiting Thomas , Williamson Jared , Goodwin Paul , Mckie Charmaine , Deneal Adrienne , Greenberg Leslie , Sigal George 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSerology provides tools for epidemiologic studies, and may have a role in vaccine prioritization and selection. Automated serologic testing of saliva, especially specimens that are self-collected at home and sent to a laboratory via the mail without refrigeration, could be a highly-scalable strategy for population-wide testing. In this prospective study, non-vaccinated patients were recruited after PCR testing to self-collect saliva and return their specimens via mail. Longitudinal specimens were analyzed in order to monitor seroconversion in the weeks after a diagnostic PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Diverse users self-collected saliva and returned specimens via mail in compliance with shipping regulations. At our pre-established threshold (0.963 AU/mL), salivary IgG reactivity to full-length spike protein achieved 95.8% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity at 2–4 weeks after diagnostic testing, which is comparable to the typical sensitivity and specificity achieved for serum testing. Reactivity to N antigen also was detected with 92.6% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity at 4–8 weeks after diagnostic testing. Moreover, serologic testing for endemic coronaviruses performed in multiplex with SARS-CoV-2 antigens has the potential to identify samples that may require retesting due to effects of pre-analytical factors. The easy-to-use saliva collection kit, coupled with thresholds for positivity and methods of flagging samples for retest, provides a framework for large-scale serosurveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
Phase-based fast 3D high-resolution quantitative T2 MRI in 7 T human brain imaging
Authors: Seginer Amir , Schmidt Rita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful and versatile technique that offers a range of physiological, diagnostic, structural, and functional measurements. One of the most widely used basic contrasts in MRI diagnostics is transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted imaging, but it provides only qualitative information. Realizing quantitative high-resolution T2 mapping is imperative for the development of personalized medicine, as it can enable the characterization of diseases progression. While ultra-high-field (≥ 7 T) MRI offers the means to gain new insights by increasing the spatial resolution, implementing fast quantitative T2 mapping cannot be achieved without overcoming the increased power deposition and radio frequency (RF) field inhomogeneity at ultra-high-fields. A recent study has demonstrated a new phase-based T2 mapping approach based on fast steady-state acquisitions. We extend this new approach to ultra-high field MRI, achieving quantitative high-resolution 3D T2 mapping at 7 T while addressing RF field inhomogeneity and utilizing low flip angle pulses; overcoming two main ultra-high field challenges. The method is based on controlling the coherent transverse magnetization in a steady-state gradient echo acquisition; achieved by utilizing low flip angles, a specific phase increment for the RF pulses, and short repetition times. This approach simultaneously extracts both T2 and RF field maps from the phase of the signal. Prior to in vivo experiments, the method was assessed using a 3D head-shaped phantom that was designed to model the RF field distribution in the brain. Our approach delivers fast 3D whole brain images with submillimeter resolution without requiring special hardware, such as multi-channel transmit coil, thus promoting high usability of the ultra-high field MRI in clinical practice.