bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Pharyngeal High-Resolution Manometry to Evaluate Dysphagia in Adults with Motor Neurone Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Diver Eva Mary , Regan Julie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere has been a recent shift towards proactive dysphagia intervention in motor neurone disease (MND) to maintain physiological reserve. Pharyngeal high-resolution manometry (PHRM) can quantify swallowing pathophysiology to inform and evaluate proactive dysphagia intervention. This study aims to explore the current use of PHRM as a dysphagia evaluation in adults with MND. A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Framework was completed. Four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science core) were searched (inception to March 2021) by two independent researchers. Data were analysed according to (i) PHRM protocol and analysis methods and the feasibility of same, (ii) swallow biomechanics data and (iii) dysphagia intervention effects as measured by PHRM. Six studies with 78 people with MND (PwMND) were included. There was considerable variation in PHRM protocol and analysis methods. Five studies reported a 100% completion rate and three studies reported no adverse events. Swallow biomechanics data were reported across all studies. The effects of sensory stimulation, increased bolus consistency, effortful swallow and cricopharyngeal myotomy were evaluated using PHRM with 20 PwMND across four studies with varying effects. Literature on the use of PHRM in PwMND is limited. Variability in PHRM methods restricts comparison of metrics. PHRM appears to be a feasible tool for PwMND. PHRM can provide novel swallow physiology data in PwMND and quantify discrete effects of compensatory and surgical dysphagia interventions not detectable by videofluoroscopy or FEES. Further research on the effects of proactive dysphagia intervention as measured by PHRM is required.
A review of ferric citrate clinical studies, and the rationale and design of the Ferric Citrate and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (FIT4KiD) trial
Authors: Hanudel Mark R. , Laster Marciana L. , Portale Anthony A. , Dokras Aditi , Quigley Raymond P. , Guzman German A. Lozano , Zaritsky Joshua J. , Hayde Nicole A. , Kaskel Frederick J. , Mitsnefes Mark M. , Ramirez Jorge A. , Imani Peace D. , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. , Kogon Amy J. , Denburg Michelle R. , Blydt-Hansen Tom D. , Reyes Loretta Z. , Greenbaum Larry A. , Weidemann Darcy K. , Warady Bradley A. , Elashoff David A. , Mendley Susan R. , Isakova Tamara , Salusky Isidro B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by many co-morbidities, including impaired growth and development, CKD-mineral and bone disorder, anemia, dysregulated iron metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. In pediatric CKD cohorts, higher circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with some of these adverse clinical outcomes, including CKD progression and left ventricular hypertrophy. It is hypothesized that lowering FGF23 levels will reduce the risk of these events and improve clinical outcomes. Reducing FGF23 levels in CKD may be accomplished by targeting two key stimuli of FGF23 production—dietary phosphate absorption and iron deficiency. Ferric citrate is approved for use as an enteral phosphate binder and iron replacement product in adults with CKD. Clinical trials in adult CKD cohorts have also demonstrated that ferric citrate decreases circulating FGF23 concentrations. This review outlines the possible deleterious effects of excess FGF23 in CKD, summarizes data from the adult CKD clinical trials of ferric citrate, and presents the Ferric Citrate and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (FIT4KiD) study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of ferric citrate on FGF23 in pediatric patients with CKD stages 3–4 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04741646).
A review on the current status and definitions of activity indices in inflammatory bowel disease: how to use indices for precise evaluation
Authors: Kishi Masahiro , Hirai Fumihito , Takatsu Noritaka , Hisabe Takashi , Takada Yasumichi , Beppu Tsuyoshi , Takeuchi Ken , Naganuma Makoto , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Watanabe Kenji , Matsumoto Takayuki , Esaki Motohiro , Koganei Kazutaka , Sugita Akira , Hata Keisuke , Futami Kitarou , Ajioka Yoichi , Tanabe Hiroshi , Iwashita Akinori , Shimizu Hirotaka , Arai Katsuhiro , Suzuki Yasuo , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany clinical trials have been conducted for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), so various clinical indices (CIs) and endoscopic indices (EIs) have also been evaluated. However, recently, with the progress of IBD management, review of established indices from previous studies, and establishment of new indices, the landscape of the use of indices in clinical trials have changed. We investigated the number and frequency of the indices adapted in recent clinical trials for ulcerative colitis (CI and EI) and Crohn’s disease (CI, EI, index related to magnetic resonance imaging, index for evaluating patient-reported outcomes, and health-related quality of life). Based on the results, we selected representative indices and further reviewed their content and characteristics. Moreover, various definitions, including clinical and endoscopic response or remission, have been described by means of representative indices in clinical trials.
Studies on the binding of nitrogenous bases to protoporphyrin IX iron(II) in aqueous solution at high pH values
Authors: Silver Jack , Al-Jaff Golzar , Wilson Michael T. , den Engelsen Daniel , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies are reported on the formation of low-spin six-coordinate [Fe(PPIX)L2] complexes from iron(II) protoporphyrin where L is one of a series of nitrogenous ligands (aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic). The bonding constants have been determined by titration of the metal complex with these ligands and are compared in relation to previous studies. The adduct formation was monitored utilising optical spectroscopy. In addition, Mӧssbauer spectroscopic experiments were conducted to monitor the electronic environment around the central iron atom in these complexes. The two complementary spectroscopic methods indicated that all nitrogen ligands formed low-spin octahedral complexes. The magnitude of the overall binding constants (β2 values) are discussed and related to (a) the pKa values of the free ligands and (b) the Mössbauer parameter ΔEQ, which represents the quadrupole splitting of the haem iron. The β2 and ΔEQ values are also discussed in terms of the structure of the ligand. Cooperative binding was observed for nearly all the ligands with Hill coefficients close to 2 for iron(II) protoporphyrin; one of these ligands displayed a much greater affinity than any we previously studied, and this was a direct consequence of the structure of the ligand. Overall conclusions on these and previous studies are drawn in terms of aliphatic ligands versus aromatic ring structures and the absence or presence of sterically hindered nitrogen atoms. The implications of the work for the greater understanding of haem proteins in general and in particular how the nitrogenous ligand binding results are relevant to and aid the understanding of the binding of inhibitor molecules to the cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases (for therapeutic purposes) are also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Changes in the electronic absorption spectra of five-coordinate [Fe(II)(PPIX)(2-MeIm)] that occurred as the temperature was lowered from room temperature to 78° K
The altered multiscale dynamics of spontaneous brain activity in depression with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Zhu , Su Dongning , Ma Lingyan , Chen Huimin , Fang Jinping , Ma Huizi , Zhou Junhong , Feng Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Depression is one typical mood disorder in Parkinson’s disease (DPD). The alterations in the resting-state brain activities are believed to be associated with DPD. These resting-state activities are regulated by neurophysiological components over multiple temporal scales. The multiscale dynamics of these spontaneous fluctuations are thus complex, but not well-characterized.

Objective
To characterize the complexity of the spontaneous blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) of fMRI in DPD. We hypothesized that (1) compared to non-depression PD (NDPD), the complexity in DPD would be lower; and (2) the diminished complexity would be associated with lower connections/communications between brain regions.

Methods
Twenty-nine participants (10 in DPD and 19 in NDPD) who were naïve to medications completed a resting-sate functional MRI scan. The BOLD complexity within each voxel was calculated by using multiscale entropy (MSE). The complexity of the whole brain and each of the 90 regions parcellated following automated-anatomical-labeling template was then obtained by averaging voxel-wised complexity across all brain regions or within each region. The level of connections of regions with diminished complexity was measured by their own global functional connectivity (FC).

Results
As compared to NDPD patients, the whole-brain complexity and complexity in 18 regions were significantly lower in DPD (F > 16.3, p < 0.0005). Particularly, in eight of the 18 regions, lower complexity was associated with lower global FC (Beta = 0.333 ~ 0.611, p = 0.000 ~ 0.030).

Conclusion
The results from this pilot study suggest that the resting-state BOLD complexity may provide critical knowledge into the pathology of DPD. Future studies are thus warranted to confirm the findings of this study.
Grassland contribution to soil organic carbon stock under climate change scenarios in Basque Country (Spain)
Authors: Doblas-Rodrigo Álvaro , Gallejones Patricia , Artetxe Ainara , Rosa Eduardo , del Hierro Óscar , Merino Pilar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, we estimated the contribution of managed grasslands to the “4 per 1000” initiative in Basque Country under two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) adopted by the IPCC in its Fifth Assessment Report. For this purpose, the RothC model was calibrated and validated with a historic database of grassland soil organic carbon (SOC) (1983 to 2019). The results at field-scale show a rate of increase of 1.26 t C ha−1 year−1 at a depth of 0–30 cm over a 36-year simulation. The model was run at the regional scale in short- (2020–2040), medium- (2041–2070), and long-term (2071–2090) future climate scenarios. For all the simulations, agricultural practices and available data for grassland systems were considered. RothC model projections showed how SOC stock responses varied depending on initial SOC and climate subregions, with higher values for a lower initial SOC stock under the highest precipitation regime subregion. A 4 per 1000 storage rate could be achieved in grassland soils with an initial SOC < 80 t C ha−1. The overall trends showed that future climate change will lead to a decrease in the SOC stock in grasslands with a higher initial SOC if appropriate practices are not implemented to maintain the SOC stock.
Internet use and cognitive frailty in older adults: a large-scale multidimensional approach
Authors: Dequanter Samantha , Gorus Ellen , Van Laere Sven , De Witte Nico , Verté Dominique , Steenhout Iris , Fobelets Maaike , Buyl Ronald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough research on sociodemographic correlates of internet use in older adults without and with pronounced cognitive impairment is already quite extensive, much less is known about the relationship between cognitive frailty (CF) and this behaviour. As CF is associated to multidimensional frailty aspects, this study explored the relationship between internet use and CF, operationalised as Subjective Cognitive Impairment, in older adults by means of a comprehensive explanatory model including sociodemographic factors and multiple frailty measures. The dataset included a sample of community-dwelling 60 + older adults that were included in the Belgian Ageing Studies (BAS) and that completed survey questions on (i) internet use frequency and (ii) internet activities. Multidimensional frailty was measured with the CFAI-Plus. The analysis comprised a structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure. Internet use was frequent; however, it became less frequent with higher CF. Moreover, the latter used less tablets as compared to the no-low CF group. Navigating the web, sharing email and online banking were the most frequently reported activities. Tele-communicating with Skype, online shopping and using e-government services were the least frequent. Age, female gender, lower income and living with a partner were also negatively associated with internet use. To conclude, CF, along with other frailty and sociodemographic factors, was negatively related to internet use in older adults. Future research should focus, amongst others, on the dynamic processes underlying internet use in the population of older adults affected by CF.
Infrared Thermography with High Accuracy in a Neonatal Incubator
Authors: Hamada Keisuke , Hirakawa Eiji , Asano Hidetsugu , Hayashi Hayato , Mine Takashi , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Nagata Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs the accuracy of body temperature measurement is especially critical in premature infants on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), noninvasive measurement using infrared thermography (IRT) has not been widely adopted in the NICU due to a lack of evidence regarding its accuracy. We have established a new calibration method for IRT in an incubator, and evaluated its accuracy and reliability at different incubator settings using a variable-temperature blackbody furnace. This method improved the accuracy and reliability of IRT with an increase in percentage of data with mean absolute error (MAE) < 0.3 °C to 93.1% compared to 4.2% using the standard method. Two of three IRTs had MAE < 0.1 °C under all conditions examined. This method provided high accuracy not only for measurements at specific times but also for continuous monitoring. It will also contribute to avoiding the risk of neonates' skin trouble caused by attaching a thermistor. This study will facilitate the development of novel means of administering neonatal body temperature.
Lipotoxicity-induced mtDNA release promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating the cGAS-STING pathway in obesity-related diabetes
Authors: Ma Xiu Mei , Geng Kang , Law Betty Yuen-Kwan , Wang Peng , Pu Yue Li , Chen Qing , Xu Hui Wen , Tan Xiao Zhen , Jiang Zong Zhe , Xu Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aseptic inflammatory activation. Mitochondria-derived cytosolic DNA has been reported to induce inflammation by activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in the adipose, liver, and kidney tissues. However, the role of cytosolic mtDNA in the progression of DCM is unclear. In this study, with an obesity-related DCM mouse model established by feeding db/db mice with a high-fat diet (HFD), we observed increased mtDNA in the cytosol and activated cGAS-STING signaling pathway during DCM, as well as the downstream targets, IRF3, NF-κB, IL-18, and IL-1β. In a further study with a palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipotoxic cell model established in H9C2 cells, we revealed that the cytosolic mtDNA was the result of PA-induced overproduction of mitochondrial ROS, which also led to the activation of the cGAS/STING system and its downstream targets. Notably, treatment of extracted mtDNA alone was sufficient to activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cultured H9C2 cells. Besides, both knockdown of STING in PA-induced H9C2 cells and inhibition of STING by C-176 injection in the DCM mouse model could remarkably block the inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our study elucidated the critical role of cytosolic mtDNA-induced cGAS-STING activation in the pathogenesis of obesity-related DCM and provided preclinical validation for using a STING inhibitor as a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DCM.
Graphical abstract
Nowcasting and monitoring SDG 8
Authors: Bilek-Steindl Sandra , Url Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose a nowcasting approach for indicators assigned to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8, calling for decent work and economic growth. The nowcasts of SDG indicators are based on dynamic factor models. In this mixed frequency framework, we exploit information from a comprehensive set of quarterly data to nowcast annually observed SDG indicators. For the model selection and specification search we evaluate the nowcast properties of the models based on a pseudo real-time data set. More recent information on SDGs can disclose a possible deviation from the desired path at an early stage. As an example, we present nowcasts for SDG objectives in Austria for the year 2020. The design of our assessment follows the method and quantitative rules suggested by Eurostat. SDG 8 indicators are highly related to the underlying economic situation and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are clearly visible in the results for 2020.
Deliberation and the Problems of Exclusion and Uptake: The Virtues of Actively Facilitating Equitable Deliberation and Testimonial Sensibility
Authors: Sorial Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I suggest that one of the ways in which problems of exclusionfromdeliberation and uptakewithindeliberation can be ameliorated is to develop a more robust account of the deliberative virtues that socially privileged speakers/hearers ought to cultivate. Specifically, privileged speakers/hearers ought to cultivate the virtue ofactively facilitatingequitable and inclusive deliberative exchanges (which includes a cluster of virtues, including the practice of silence and of listening) and the deliberative virtue of training their ‘testimonial sensibility’ to correct for prejudicial judgments about other speakers.
Design Principles for User Interfaces in AI-Based Decision Support Systems: The Case of Explainable Hate Speech Detection
Authors: Meske Christian , Bunde Enrico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHate speech in social media is an increasing problem that can negatively affect individuals and society as a whole. Moderators on social media platforms need to be technologically supported to detect problematic content and react accordingly. In this article, we develop and discuss the design principles that are best suited for creating efficient user interfaces for decision support systems that use artificial intelligence (AI) to assist human moderators. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated various design options over three design cycles with a total of 641 participants. Besides measuring perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use, we also conducted an experiment to prove the significant influence of AI explainability on end users’ perceived cognitive efforts, perceived informativeness, mental model, and trustworthiness in AI. Finally, we tested the acquired design knowledge with software developers, who rated the reusability of the proposed design principles as high.
Designing Personality-Adaptive Conversational Agents for Mental Health Care
Authors: Ahmad Rangina , Siemon Dominik , Gnewuch Ulrich , Robra-Bissantz Susanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMillions of people experience mental health issues each year, increasing the necessity for health-related services. One emerging technology with the potential to help address the resulting shortage in health care providers and other barriers to treatment access are conversational agents (CAs). CAs are software-based systems designed to interact with humans through natural language. However, CAs do not live up to their full potential yet because they are unable to capture dynamic human behavior to an adequate extent to provide responses tailored to users’ personalities. To address this problem, we conducted a design science research (DSR) project to design personality-adaptive conversational agents (PACAs). Following an iterative and multi-step approach, we derive and formulate six design principles for PACAs for the domain of mental health care. The results of our evaluation with psychologists and psychiatrists suggest that PACAs can be a promising source of mental health support. With our design principles, we contribute to the body of design knowledge for CAs and provide guidance for practitioners who intend to design PACAs. Instantiating the principles may improve interaction with users who seek support for mental health issues.
Protein, phycocyanin, and polysaccharide production by Arthrospira platensis grown with LED light in annular photobioreactors
Authors: Zanolla Valentina , Biondi Natascia , Niccolai Alberto , Abiusi Fabian , Adessi Alessandra , Rodolfi Liliana , Tredici Mario R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArthrospira platensisis a cyanobacterium known for its widespread use as nutraceutical and food additive. Besides a high protein content, this microorganism is also endowed with several bioactivities related to health benefits in humans that make it a candidate for functional foods. These properties are strain and culture condition dependent. We compared, in terms of biomass productivity and protein, C-phycocyanin, and polysaccharide content, twoA. platensisstrains,A. platensisF&M-C256 andA. platensisF&M-C260, characterized by morphological differences. The organisms were grown in annular photobioreactors with light-emitting diodes (LED) as light source in fed-batch and semi-continuous regimes. No significant differences in biomass productivity were found between the two strains. Both strains showed a protein content >55% in all culture conditions. C-phycocyanin content was higher inA. platensisF&M-C260 in semi-continuous regime. Cellular polysaccharide (PS) content, which included intracellular polysaccharide and those bound to the cell wall, was higher inA. platensisF&M-C256 during semi-continuous cultivation. In both strains, a higher release of polysaccharide was observed at the end of the fed-batch regime.A. platensisF&M-C256 showed the advantage to form clumps which facilitate harvesting, behavior not observed inA. platensisF&M-C260 and probably related to the different predominant monosaccharide found in the PS of the two strains (i.e., rhamnose inA. platensisF&M-C256 and glucose inA. platensisF&M-C260). The results show that the two strains are suitable for commercial production of high-value products, such as protein and C-phycocyanin, while for polysaccharide production,A. platensisF&M-C256 is preferable.