bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of viral infection on cell line characteristics: Lessons learned from working with new cell lines from common carp
Authors: Felten Martin , Adamek Mikolaj , Gebert Marina , Rakers Sebastian , Steinhagen Dieter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral factors influence the susceptibility of cell lines to infection by different viruses. These can be related to tissue specificity of the viruses, physiological status of the cells, their differentiation level and their capacity to mount immune responses to combat viral infection. To study the influence of cell characteristics and immune responses on their susceptibility on virus infection, newly developed cell lines from common carp brain (CCAbre), fins (CCApin), gills (CCAgill), and heart (CCAcar) and the established common carp brain (CCB) cells were exposed to the carp infecting viruses cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3), carp oedema virus (CEV), and the yet not fully characterized common carp paramyxovirus (CCPV). The susceptibility of these cells to viral infection was measured by formation of a cytopathic effect (CPE), estimation of viral particles produced by the cells and presence of viral mRNA in the cells. Viral susceptibility of the cells was compared to cell characteristics, measured by mRNA expression of the epithelial cell markers cadherin 1, occludin, and cytokeratin 15 and the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin, as well as to the level of type I interferon (IFN) responses. All cell lines were susceptible to CyHV‐3 and CCPV but not to CEV infection. The cell lines had different levels of type I IFN responses towards the viruses. Typically, CyHV‐3 did not induce high type I IFN responses, while CCPV induced high responses in CCAbre, CCAcar, CCApin cells but no response in CCAgill cells. Consequently, the type I IFN response modulated cell susceptibility to CCPV but not to CyHV‐3. Interestingly, when the three different passage levels of CCB cells were examined, the susceptibility of one passage was significantly lower for CyHV‐3 and higher for CCPV infection. This coincided with a loss of epithelial markers and lower type I IFN responses. This study confirms an influence of cell characteristics and immune responses on the susceptibility of carp cell lines for virus infection. Depending on the vulnerability of the virus to type I IFN responses, cells with a lower IFN‐response can be superior for replication of some viruses. Batches of CCB cells can differentiate and thus may have significantly different levels of susceptibility to certain viruses.
Severe neighborhood deprivation and nursing home staffing in the United States
Authors: Falvey Jason R. , Hade Erinn M. , Friedman Steven , Deng Rebecca , Jabbour Joelle , Stone Robyn I. , Travers Jasmine L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow nursing home staffing in the United States is a growing safety concern. Socioeconomic deprivation in the local areas surrounding a nursing home may be a barrier to improving staffing rates but has been poorly studied. Thus, the objective of this paper was to assess the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and nursing home staffing in the United States.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used 2018 daily payroll‐based staffing records and address data for 12,609 nursing homes in the United States linked with resident assessment data. Our primary exposure of interest was severe economic deprivation at the census block group (neighborhood) level, defined as an area deprivation index score ≥85/100. The primary outcome was hours worked per resident‐day among nursing home employees providing direct resident care. Marginal linear regression models and generalized estimating equations with robust sandwich‐type standard errors were used to estimate associations between severe neighborhood deprivation and staffing rates.ResultsCompared to less deprived neighborhoods, unadjusted staffing rates in facilities located within severely deprived neighborhoods were 38% lower for physical and occupational therapists, 30% lower for registered nurses (RNs), and 5% lower for certified nursing assistants. No disparities in licensed practical nurse (LPN) staffing were observed. In models with state‐level and rurality fixed effects and clustered on the county, a similar pattern of disparities was observed. Specifically, RN staffing per 100 resident‐days was significantly lower in facilities located within severely deprived neighborhoods as compared to those in less deprived areas (mean difference: 5.6 fewer hours, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2–6.9). Disparities of lower magnitude were observed for other clinical disciplines except for LPNs.ConclusionsSignificant staffing disparities were observed within facilities located in severely deprived neighborhoods. Targeted interventions, including workforce recruitment and retention efforts, may be needed to improve staffing levels for nursing homes in deprived neighborhoods.
Vision characteristics of Special Olympics athletes seen at the United States National Games 2010–2018
Authors: Yuen J. , Block S. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpecial Olympics International (SOI) has provided eye assessments at no cost to athletes participating in competitions through the Special Olympics Lions Clubs International Foundation Opening Eyes (OE) programme. Access to vision services is crucial given the high rates of eye abnormalities found in studies collected at OE programmes in other countries. As of 2022, no studies covering vision data have been published on SOI athletes specifically from the USA. Therefore, this multiple cross‐sectional study hopes to investigate the vision profile of US athletes over three national games, detecting any changes in vision and ocular health outcomes over an 8‐year period.MethodsVision assessments were conducted in the US national games of 2010, 2014 and 2018. Demographic and clinical data from 1427 vision assessments were used in this study. Prevalence of vision and ocular health abnormalities were compared across national games.ResultsIn our cohort of 1427 assessments with athletes' mean age ± SD of 29.8 ± 11.5 years, 85.3% (n = 1170) had an abnormal vision result with at least one of the following findings: decreased visual acuity of 20/40 or worse (31.0%, n = 442), refractive error including myopia (52.8%, n = 754), hypermetropia (15.7%, n = 224), and astigmatism (35.0%, n = 499), ocular misalignment distant (16.2%, n = 224) or near (17.2%, n = 239), or ocular abnormality (19.1%, n = 273).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the burden of vision defects and ocular disease in US SOI athletes over the past decade. While continued effort must be made to train eye providers in caring for patients with ID to increase eyecare accessibility outside of SOI, vision assessments at national games can continue providing opportunities for improved ocular health in children and adults with ID.
Anti‐Haitianism and Statelessness in the Caribbean
Authors: Joseph Daniel , Louis Bertin M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStatelessness affects an estimated 15 million people worldwide (Kosinski 2009, 377). Without citizenship in the countries of their birth, stateless people lack access to basic political and social rights, such as the right to vote, marry, travel, and own property; in some cases, stateless people are also denied access to employment, educational services, and health care (UNCHR 2021). In this article, we look at the growing global problem of statelessness through the lens of anti‐Haitianism and ethnographic analysis of people of Haitian descent in the Dominican Republic, Anse‐à‐Pitres, Haïti, and New Providence, Bahamas. [The Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, the Caribbean, anti‐Haitianism, statelessness]
Association between diabetes complicated with comorbidities and frailty in older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Rao , Yuan Li , Yang Xiaoling , Lv Jing , Ye Ziwei , Huang Fengmei , He Ting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study investigated the relationship between frailty and diabetes complicated with comorbidities.BackgroundFrailty is a common geriatric syndrome, and older adults with diabetes are prone to frailty. Patients with diabetes and comorbidities might be at increased risk of developing frailty.DesignA multicenter cross‐sectional study.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to identify older patients with diabetes and comorbidities in the internal medicine departments of five tertiary general hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, from March 2020 to June 2021. We used the FRAIL scale to identify frailty, and multinomial logistic regression was used to compare sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities of frail or pre‐frail participants with robust participants. The STROBE checklist was used for this cross‐sectional study.ResultsA total of 1652 patients (883 males, 53.5%) were included, and the prevalence of frailty was 26.5%. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with robust patients, diabetic patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic cardiac failure, COPD, cerebrovascular diseases, osteoarticular diseases, chronic renal diseases, chronic gastrointestinal diseases and cancer were more likely to be frail. In addition, patients who engaged in less exercise, presented more comorbidities, were older and had lower education levels, were more prone to frailty.ConclusionThere was a clear correlation between diabetes complicated with comorbidities and the development of frailty. Appropriate personalised care levels for patients with diabetes and comorbidities, and early screening for frailty might reduce the prevalence of frailty in these patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provided information for healthcare providers to identify circumstances that increase the risk of frailty and more effectively support patients with diabetes and comorbidities.
Patient‐reported outcome measures compared to professional dental assessments of monolithic ZrO2 implant fixed dental prostheses in complete digital workflows: A double‐blind crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gintaute Aiste , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Brägger Urs , Weber Karin , Joda Tim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThis double‐blind randomized controlled trial analyzed patient‐reported outcome measures in terms of subjective patient satisfaction compared to objective dental evaluation of prosthetic treatment with 3‐unit monolithic zirconium dioxide implant fixed dental prostheses (iFDPs) in 3 digital workflows.Material and methodsTwenty patients were restored with 3 iFDPs each on Straumann TL‐implants with 2 completely digital workflows using different intraoral optical scanning systems with model‐free fabrication of the restoration (Trios 3/3Shape [Test‐1]; Virtuo Vivo/Straumann [Test‐2]), and mixed analog‐digital workflow with conventional impressions and digitized gypsum casts (Impregum/3M Espe [Control]). The order of impression‐taking and the prosthetic try‐in were randomly allocated. Sixty iFDPs were compared for patient satisfaction and dental evaluation using ANOVA.ResultsFor iFDP evaluation, patients generally provided more favorable ratings than dental experts, regardless of the workflow. ANOVA revealed no significant difference for overall satisfaction when comparing Test‐1, Test‐2, or Control, either for patients (f‐ratio: 0.13; p = 0.876) or dentist (f‐ratio: 1.55: p = 0.221). Secondary, patients clearly favored the digital impression workflows over the conventional approach (f‐ratio: 14.57; p < 0.001). Overall, the 3Shape workflow (Test‐1) received the highest scores for all analyses.ConclusionsThe different digital workflows demonstrated minor influence on the subjective and objective evaluation of the monolithic zirconium dioxide iFDPs in nonesthetic regions; however, the dentist may significantly increase patient satisfaction by choosing intraoral scanning instead of conventional impressions. The dentist has to consider individual patients’ needs to fulfill their expectations for a personalized solution.
Intergenerational programming during the pandemic: Transformation during (constantly) changing times
Authors: Jarrott Shannon E. , Leedahl Skye N. , Shovali Tamar E. , De Fries Carson , DelPo Amy , Estus Erica , Gangji Caroline , Hasche Leslie , Juris Jill , MacInnes Roddy , Schilz Matthew , Scrivano Rachel M. , Steward Andrew , Taylor Catherine , Walker Anne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntergenerational programs have long been employed to reduce ageism and optimize youth and older adult development. Most involve in‐person meetings, which COVID‐19 arrested. ​​Needs for safety and social contact were amplified during COVID‐19, leading to modified programming that engaged generations remotely rather than eliminating it. Our collective case study incorporates four intergenerational programs in five US states prior to and during COVID‐19. Each aims to reduce ageism, incorporating nutrition education, technology skills, or photography programming. Authors present case goals, participants, implementation methods, including responses to COVID‐19, outcomes, and lessons learned. Technology afforded opportunities for intergenerational connections; non‐technological methods also were employed. Across cases, programmatic foci were maintained through adaptive programming. Community partners’ awareness of immediate needs facilitated responsive programming with universities, who leveraged unique resources. While new methods and partnerships will continue post‐pandemic, authors concurred that virtual contact cannot fully substitute for in‐person relationship‐building. Remote programming maintained ties between groups ready to resume shared in‐person programming as soon as possible; they now have tested means for responding to routine or novel cancellations of in‐person programming. Able to implement in‐person and remote intergenerational programming, communities can fight ageism and pursue diverse goals regardless of health, transportation, weather, or other restrictions.
Couples losing kinship: A systematic review of weight stigma in romantic relationships
Authors: Schmidt Alexandria M. , Jubran Madeline , Salivar Emily Georgia , Brochu Paula M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRomantic relationship quality is a robust predictor of health and well‐being. With increasing awareness of the pervasiveness and harm of weight stigma, it is important to understand the role of weight stigma within romantic relationships. This systematic review sought to synthesize the findings of research examining the association between weight stigma and relationship functioning. Following PRISMA guidelines, 32 relevant articles were identified. Only nine assessed or manipulated weight stigma directly; most measured body mass index (BMI) and examined associations with relationship outcomes. Although, the association between BMI and relationship functioning was inconsistent across studies, weight stigma, most notably in the form of weight criticism between partners, was consistently associated with poorer relationship functioning, including lower relationship satisfaction, sexual intimacy, relationship stability, and constructive communication during conflict. The existing literature is limited by convenience samples of primarily White, heterosexual adults in individualistic countries. Several studies reinforced and expressed weight stigmatizing beliefs due to reliance on weight‐normative perspectives on health to interpret findings. Future research is encouraged to examine the association between weight stigma and relationship functioning and underlying mechanisms using dyadic, longitudinal designs that incorporate weight‐inclusive approaches. The development of couples‐based interventions to address weight stigma in relationships is sorely needed.
Self‐disclosure of concealable stigmatized identities: A dyadic longitudinal investigation guided by the contact hypothesis
Authors: Ballinger Taylor , Canevello Amy , Crocker Jennifer , Jiang Tao , Quinn Diane M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStigma reduction research finds that brief interactions with a person with mental illness can reduce prejudiced attitudes. We examined whether this finding extends to real relationships over an extended period of time. First‐year college roommate dyads, one of whom reported a mental illness diagnosis participated in a longitudinal study (N = 166 dyads across three American universities). Based on contact theory, we tested whether mental illness prejudice declines when: (a) the student with mental illness disclosed that information to their roommate; (b) the roommate perceived the disclosure; and (c) the roommate relationship was close. Registered analyses showed that student disclosure predicted roommate perception (β = .52, p < .001), but roommate perception of the disclosure did not significantly predict reduced prejudice from the start to the end of the academic year (β = −.13, p = .172). Relationship closeness did not moderate how likely roommates were to perceive students’ disclosures. Notably, overall levels of mental illness prejudice were very low in this American college sample, suggesting that the value of stigma interventions may depend on the context. Directions for future research and social policy implications are discussed.
Composition of the Apollo 17 drive tube 76001 and the nonmare lithologies of the North Massif and Luna 20
Authors: Korotev Randy L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBulk composition data for 24 chemical elements are presented for regolith samples (<1 mm fines) from each of the 62 half‐centimeter dissection intervals along the 31 cm length of the 76001 vertical drive tube collected by astronauts at the base of the North Massif at station 6 of the Apollo 17 landing site. The core regolith is nearly uniform in composition with depth although the concentrations of Sc and Sm, for example, decrease from 28.5 μg g−1 Sc and 5.93 μg g−1 Sm at the top 2.5 cm to 26.9 μg g−1 Sc and 5.55 μg g−1 Sm at the bottom 2.5 cm. This change reflects an increase with depth in the relative abundance of Sm‐poor, feldspathic material, from 48.4% at the top to 50.1% at the bottom. On the basis of compositional mass balance, the feldspathic (nonmare) material of the station 6 regolith requires a substantial proportion of an Mg‐rich lithology, ~27% when modeled as troctolite sample 76535. The remaining 73% is nominally Sm‐poor anorthositic norite in composition. No such Mg‐rich component is required to account for the composition of the regolith of the South Massif (stations 2 and 3). The total feldspathic component of the North Massif regolith, normatively an anorthositic troctolite (74 vol% plagioclase, olivine:pyroxene = 55:45, Mg′ = 78%), is very similar to that of the nonmare component of the Luna 20 regolith collected 910 km to the southeast on the Crisium ejecta deposit. We also present new composition data for 21, 25, and 16 small lithic fragments (0.1–3.9 mg each) from the regoliths of the Luna 16, 20, and 24 missions.
Methionine oxidation under anaerobic conditions in Escherichia coli
Authors: Loiseau Laurent , Vergnes Alexandra , Ezraty Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRepairing oxidative‐targeted macromolecules is a central mechanism necessary for living organisms to adapt to oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen and chlorine species preferentially oxidize sulfur‐containing amino acids in proteins. Among these amino acids, methionine can be converted into methionine sulfoxide. This post‐translational oxidation can be reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductases, Msr enzymes. In Gram‐negative bacteria, the antioxidant MsrPQ system is involved in the repair of periplasmic oxidized proteins. Surprisingly, in this study, we observed in Escherichia coli that msrPQ was highly expressed in the absence of oxygen. We have demonstrated that the anaerobic induction of msrPQ was due to chlorate (ClO3−) contamination of the Casamino Acids. Molecular investigation led us to determine that the reduction of chlorate to the toxic oxidizing agent chlorite (ClO2−) by the three nitrate reductases (NarA, NarZ, and Nap) led to methionine oxidation of periplasmic proteins. In response to this stress, the E. coli HprSR two‐component system was activated, leading to the over‐production of MsrPQ. This study, therefore, supports the idea that methionine oxidation in proteins is part of chlorate toxicity, and that MsrPQ can be considered as an anti‐chlorate/chlorite defense system in bacteria. Finally, this study challenges the traditional view of the absence of Met‐oxidation during anaerobiosis.
Associations among social engagement, meal‐related behaviour, satisfaction with food‐related life and wellbeing in Danish older adults living alone
Authors: Faber Ilona , Bjørner Thomas , Buch‐Andersen Tine , Perez‐Cueto Federico J. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed at exploring associations among meal‐related behaviour, social engagement factors, satisfaction with food‐related life (SWFL) to assess food‐related wellbeing and subjective wellbeing in Danish older adults living alone. Three hundred and eighty‐eight older adults aged 65–75 years from six Danish municipalities completed an online or article‐based survey addressing home cooking, commensality, loneliness, SWFL and subjective wellbeing. Home cooking frequency and self‐perceived cooking skills were positively associated with SWFL but not with subjective wellbeing. Commensality was positively associated with SWFL but was not associated with subjective wellbeing. The level of loneliness was negatively associated with SWFL and with subjective wellbeing. Satisfaction with food‐related life and subjective health status were positively associated with subjective wellbeing. Male and female respondents did not differ in meal‐related behaviour, social engagement factors, SWFL and wellbeing. While the cross‐sectional nature of this study does not allow for the direction of causality to be determined, these results suggest that older adults living alone could benefit from a higher frequency of home‐cooked meals, a higher level of self‐perceived cooking skills and commensality to support SWFL. A higher level of SWFL could, in turn, lead to a higher level of wellbeing.
Experimental analysis of organ decay and pH gradients within a carcass and the implications for phosphatization of soft tissues
Authors: Clements Thomas , Purnell Mark A. , Gabbott Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReplacement of soft tissues by calcium phosphate can yield spectacular fossils. However, in the fossil record, the phosphatization of internal organs is highly selective; some internal organs, such as muscles, stomachs, and intestines, appear to preferentially phosphatize while other organs seldom phosphatize. The reasons for this are unclear but one hypothesis is that, during decay, organs create distinct chemical microenvironments and only some fall below the critical pH threshold for mineralization to occur (i.e. below the carbonic acid dissociation constant: pH 6.38). Here, we present a novel investigation using microelectrodes that record dynamic spatial and temporal pH gradients inside organs within a fish carcass in real time. Our experiments demonstrate that within a decaying fish carcass, organ‐specific microenvironments are not generated. Rather, a pervasive pH environment forms within the body cavity which persists until integumentary failure. With no evidence to support the development of organ‐specific microenvironments during decay our data suggest other factors must control differential organ phosphatization. We propose, that when conditions are amenable, it is tissue biochemistry that plays an important role in selective phosphatization. Tissues with high phosphate content (and those rich in collagen) are most likely to phosphatize. Internal organs that typically have lower tissue‐bound phosphate, including the integuments of the stomach and intestine, may require other sources of phosphate such as ingested phosphate‐rich organic matter. If tissue biochemistry is the driver behind selective phosphatization, this may provide insights into other highly selective modes of soft‐tissue preservation (e.g. pyritization).