bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precarity, Opportunity, and Adaptation: Recently Arrived Immigrant and Refugee Experiences Navigating the Canadian Labour Market
Authors: Ellis Claire , Triandafyllidou Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImmigrants and refugees have contributed significant growth in the Canadian economy over the last three decades. Despite clear advantages of a smooth transition into the labour force, many newcomers experience multiple barriers impeding their pathways to sustainable livelihoods. Further, significant increases in refugee resettlement and asylum claims in Canada since 2015 resulted in a growing number of refugee newcomers entering the labour market, often facing additional challenges of precarious legal status while seeking employment. To interrogate the settlement landscape, this chapter examines newcomers’ employment-related needs, experiences, and aspirations through a case study of migrants and refugees in Greater Toronto. Using narrative-biographic interviews, the chapter presents an ethnographic approach to examine how individual migrants navigate labour market policies and settlement dynamics during their initial years. A biographical approach allowed us to focus on the interplay of migrant agency, precarity, and adaption to both long-standing labour market dynamics as well as new barriers and enablers brought on by the shifting sands of Canada’s pandemic affected economy. The chapter highlights how emotions, decisions, and actions are inter-related and coalesce with broader structural conditions within a network of actors – individuals, networks, and institutions – to shape the labour market experiences of recently arrived immigrants and refugees.
The θ-angle and axion physics of two-color QCD at fixed baryon charge
Authors: Bersini Jahmall , D’Alise Alessandra , Sannino Francesco , Torres Matías 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We analyze the impact of the θ-angle and axion dynamics for two-color (in fact any Sp(2N )) QCD at nonzero baryon charge and as a function of the number of matter fields on the vacuum properties, the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking as well as the spectrum of the theory. We show that the vacuum acquires a rich structure when the underlying CP violating topological operator is added to the theory. We discover novel phases and analyse the order of their transitions characterizing the dynamics of the odd and even number of flavours. We further determine the critical chemical potential as function of the θ angle separating the normal from the superfluid phase of the theory. Our results will guide numerical simulations and novel tests of the model’s dynamics. The results are also expected to better inform phenomenological applications of the model ranging from composite Higgs physics to strongly interacting massive dark matter models featuring number changing interactions. In the companion work [1] we repurpose and upgrade the approach to determine the impact of the θ-angle and axion physics on non-perturbative near conformal dynamics related to the fixed baryon charge sector.
Gauge symmetry breaking with fluxes and natural Standard Model structure from exceptional GUTs in F-theory
Authors: Li Shing Yan , Taylor Washington 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We give a general description of gauge symmetry breaking using vertical and remainder fluxes in 4D F-theory models. The fluxes can break a geometric gauge group to a smaller group and induce chiral matter, even when the larger group admits no chiral matter representations. We focus specifically on applications to realizations of the Standard Model gauge group and chiral matter spectrum through breaking of rigid exceptional gauge groups E7, E6, which are ubiquitous in the 4D F-theory landscape. Supplemented by an intermediate SU(5) group, these large classes of models give natural constructions of Standard Model-like theories with small numbers of generations of matter in F-theory.
T-odd leading-twist quark TMDs at small x
Authors: Kovchegov Yuri V. , Santiago M. Gabriel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the small-x asymptotics of the flavor non-singlet T-odd leading-twist quark transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs), the Sivers and Boer-Mulders functions. While the leading eikonal small-x asymptotics of the quark Sivers function is given by the spin-dependent odderon [1, 2], we are interested in revisiting the sub-eikonal correction considered by us earlier in [3]. We first simplify the expressions for both TMDs at small Bjorken x and then construct small-x evolution equations for the resulting operators in the large-Nc limit, with Nc the number of quark colors. For both TMDs, the evolution equations resum all powers of the double-logarithmic parameter αs ln2(1/x), where αs is the strong coupling constant, which is assumed to be small. Solving these evolution equations numerically (for the Sivers function) and analytically (for the Boer-Mulders function) we arrive at the following leading small-x asymptotics of these TMDs at large Nc:$$ {\displaystyle \begin{array}{l}{f}_{1T}^{\perp NS}\left(x\ll 1,{k}_T^2\right)={C}_O\left(x,{k}_T^2\right)\frac{1}{x}+{C}_1\left(x,{k}_T^2\right){\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^{3.4\sqrt{\frac{\alpha_s{N}_c}{4\pi }}}\\ {}{h}_1^{\perp \textrm{NS}}\left(x\ll 1,{k}_T^2\right)=C\left(x,{k}_T^2\right){\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^{-1}.\end{array}} $$

f

1
T

⊥
NS

x
≪
1

k
T
2

=

C
O

x

k
T
2

1
x

+

C
1

x

k
T
2

1
x

3.4

α
s

N
c

4
π

h
1

⊥
NS

x
≪
1

k
T
2

=
C

x

k
T
2

1
x

−
1

.

The functions CO(x,$$ {k}_T^2 $$

k
T
2

), C1(x,$$ {k}_T^2 $$

k
T
2

), and C(x,$$ {k}_T^2 $$

k
T
2

) can be readily obtained in our formalism: they are mildly x-dependent and do not strongly affect the power-of-x asymptotics shown above. The function CO, along with the 1/x factor, arises from the odderon exchange. For the sub-eikonal contribution to the quark Sivers function (the term with C1), our result shown above supersedes the one obtained in [3] due to the new contributions identified recently in [4].
The non-apoptotic function of Caspase-8 in negatively regulating the CDK9-mediated Ser2 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II in cervical cancer
Authors: Mandal Ranadip , Raab Monika , Rödel Franz , Krämer Andrea , Kostova Izabela , Peña-Llopis Samuel , Medici Gioele , Häupl Björn , Oellerich Thomas , Gasimli Khayal , Sanhaji Mourad , Becker Sven , Strebhardt Klaus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and fatal gynecological cancer. 15–61% of all cases metastasize and develop chemoresistance, reducing the 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients to as low as 17%. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms contributing to metastasis is critical in developing better-targeted therapies against it. Here, we have identified a novel mechanism where nuclear Caspase-8 directly interacts with and inhibits the activity of CDK9, thereby modulating RNAPII-mediated global transcription, including those of cell-migration- and cell-invasion-associated genes. Crucially, low Caspase-8 expression in cervical cancer patients leads to poor prognosis, higher CDK9 phosphorylation at Thr186, and increased RNAPII activity in cervical cancer cell lines and patient biopsies. Caspase-8 knock-out cells were also more resistant to the small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor BAY1251152 in both 2D- and 3D-culture conditions. Combining BAY1251152 with Cisplatin synergistically overcame chemoresistance of Caspase-8-deficient cervical cancer cells. Therefore, Caspase-8 expression could be a marker in chemoresistant cervical tumors, suggesting CDK9 inhibitor treatment for their sensitization to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Meromorphic Continuation of Weighted Zeta Functions on Open Hyperbolic Systems
Authors: Schütte Philipp , Weich Tobias , Barkhofen Sonja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article we prove meromorphic continuation of weighted zeta functions $$Z_f$$

Z
f

in the framework of open hyperbolic systems by using the meromorphically continued restricted resolvent of Dyatlov and Guillarmou (Ann Henri Poincaré 17(11):3089–3146, 2016). We obtain a residue formula proving equality between residues of $$Z_f$$

Z
f

and invariant Ruelle distributions. We combine this equality with results of Guillarmou et al. (Ann Henri Lebesgue 4:81–119, 2021) in order to relate the residues to Patterson–Sullivan distributions. Finally we provide proof-of-principle results concerning the numerical calculation of invariant Ruelle distributions for 3-disc scattering systems.
First trait-based characterization of Arctic ice meiofauna taxa
Authors: Patrohay Evan , Gradinger Rolf , Marquardt Miriam , Bluhm Bodil A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrait-based approaches connect the traits of species to ecosystem functions to estimate the functional diversity of communities and how they may respond to environmental change. For the first time, we compiled a traits matrix across 11 traits for 28 species of Arctic ice meiofauna, including Copepoda (Subclass), Nematoda (Phylum), Acoela (Order), Rotifera (Phylum), and Cnidaria (Phylum). Over 50 years of pan-Arctic literature were manually reviewed, and trait categories were assigned to enable future trait–function connections within the threatened ice-associated ecosystem. Approximately two-thirds of the traits data were found at the genus or species level, ranging from 44% for Nematoda to 100% for Cnidaria. Ice meiofauna were shown to possess advantageous adaptations to the brine channel network within sea ice, including a majority with small body widths < 200 μm, high body flexibility, and high temperature and salinity tolerance. Diets were found to be diverse outside of the algal bloom season, with most organisms transitioning to ciliate-, omnivore-, or detritus-based diets. Eight species of the studied taxa have only been recorded within sea ice, while the rest are found in a mixture of sympagic–pelagic–benthic habitats. Twelve of the ice meiofauna species have been found with all life stages present in sea ice. Body width, temperature tolerance, and salinity tolerance were identified as traits with the largest research gaps and suffered from low-resolution taxonomic data. Overall, the compiled data show the degree to which ice meiofauna are adapted to spending all or portions of their lives within the ice.
Automated segmentation of craniopharyngioma on MR images using U-Net-based deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Chen Chaoyue , Zhang Ting , Teng Yuen , Yu Yijie , Shu Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhao Fumin , Xu Jianguo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To develop a U-Net-based deep learning model for automated segmentation of craniopharyngioma.

Methods
A total number of 264 patients diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas were included in this research. Pre-treatment MRIs were collected, annotated, and used as ground truth to learn and evaluate the deep learning model. Thirty-eight patients from another institution were used for independently external testing. The proposed segmentation model was constructed based on a U-Net architecture. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs), Hausdorff distance of 95% percentile (95HD), Jaccard value, true positive rate (TPR), and false positive rate (FPR) of each case were calculated. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to investigate if the model performance was associated with the radiological characteristics of tumors.

Results
The proposed model showed a good performance in segmentation with average DSCs of 0.840, Jaccard of 0.734, TPR of 0.820, FPR of 0.000, and 95HD of 3.669 mm. It performed feasibly in the independent external test set, with average DSCs of 0.816, Jaccard of 0.704, TPR of 0.765, FPR of 0.000, and 95HD of 4.201 mm. Also, one-way ANOVA suggested the performance was not statistically associated with radiological characteristics, including predominantly composition (p = 0.370), lobulated shape (p = 0.353), compressed or enclosed ICA (p = 0.809), and cavernous sinus invasion (p = 0.283).

Conclusions
The proposed deep learning model shows promising results for the automated segmentation of craniopharyngioma.

Key Points
• The segmentation model based on U-Net showed good performance in segmentation of craniopharyngioma.
• The proposed model showed good performance regardless of the radiological characteristics of craniopharyngioma.
• The model achieved feasibility in the independent external dataset obtained from another center.
Fluocinolone acetonide 0.19-mg implant for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis with involvement of the posterior segment: a real-world study
Authors: Buhl Lara , Thurau Stephan , Kern Christoph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi) for preventing inflammatory relapses in noninfectious uveitis with posterior segment involvement in standard clinical practice. Further, to assess the value of remission induction therapy with intraocular and periorbital administered high-dose corticosteroids before FAi.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center specialized in uveitis management. The primary study outcomes were the best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) within a 12-month observation period. The secondary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP) and intraocular inflammation. The main safety measures were IOP increase and cataract formation.

Results
In total, 76 eyes of 57 patients received FAi. Locally administered high-dose corticosteroids were applied in 68.4% of all eyes before FAi. BCVA remained stable within the 12-month observation period (63.21 vs. 62.95, difference 0.26 letters; 95% CI: − 6.31 to 6.84; p > 0.9). Significant CRT reduction upon FAi was sustained after 12 months (362.7 vs. 309.1 μm, difference 53.57 μm; 95% CI: 1.55 to 105.6; p = 0.04). Intraocular inflammation was reduced until 9 months of follow-up (0.82 vs. 0.3, difference 0.53; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.95; p = 0.007). A mean IOP increase (13.68 vs. 15.6; difference − 1.92; 95% CI: − 3.85 to 0.004; p = 0.0507) and cataract development (20% of all phakic eyes) were noted.

Conclusion
We observed similar levels of FAi effectiveness for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis in standard clinical practice compared to previous randomized clinical trials. Moreover, remission induction therapy before FAi can benefit patients with increased baseline uveitis activity.
Incidental FOXL2 mutated adult granulosa cell tumour of the ovary with thecoma-like foci
Authors: Fischer Anne Kristin , Schömig-Markiefka Birgid , Heydt Carina , Ratiu Dominik , Mallmann Peter , Meinel Jörn , Büttner Reinhard , Schmidt Dietmar , Quaas Alexander 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report on the incidental finding of a FOXL2 mutated adult granulosa cell tumour of the ovary with thecoma-like foci, a rare entity recently described by Jennifer N. Stall and Robert H. Young in a series of sixteen cases in 2019, displaying features differing from conventional adult granulosa cell tumour. Our aim is to specify the morphologic and molecular particularities of this presumably underrecognized finding, with a short presentation of the typical clinical context. Awareness of this rare and challenging neoplasm with indeterminate clinical course is crucial in routine diagnostics.
Viremia as a predictor of absence of serious bacterial infection in children with fever without source
Authors: Galetto-Lacour Annick , Cordey Samuel , Papis Sebastien , Mardegan Chiara , Luterbacher Fanny , Combescure Christophe , Lacroix Laurence , Gervaix Alain , Kaiser Laurent , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , L’Huillier Arnaud G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost children with fever without source (FWS) require diagnostic laboratory tests to exclude a serious bacterial infection (SBI), often followed by admission and empirical antibiotics. As febrile children with a viral infection are less likely to have a SBI, identifying patients with systemic viral infection could contribute to exclude SBI. We evaluated whether the presence of virus in the blood could be used as a biomarker to rule out SBI. Children < 3 years old with FWS were prospectively enrolled and had real-time (reverse-transcription) PCR performed on the blood for adenovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, and HHV6. 20/135 patients had SBI, and in 47/135, at least one virus was detected in the blood. Viremia had a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (90% and 96%) to rule out SBI compared to CRP (65% and 93%) and PCT (55% and 90%). The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of SBI among non-viremic patients was 5.8 (p = 0.0225), compared to 5.5 for CRP ≥ 40 mg/l (p = 0.0009) and 3.7 for PCT ≥ 0.5 ng/mL (0.0093). This remained significant after adjusting for CRP and PCT (OR 5.6 and 5.9, respectively; p = 0.03 for both). Area under the ROC curve for CRP and PCT were 0.754 and 0.779, respectively, but increased to 0.803 and 0.832, respectively, when combined with viremia.Conclusion: The presence of viremia had a better performance than commonly used biomarkers to rule-out SBI and could potentially be used in conjunction with CRP and/or PCT in the evaluation of children with FWS. Larger studies should evaluate the role of point-of-care testing of viruses by (revere-transcription) PCR in the plasma in management algorithms of children with FWS.

What is Known:• Most children with FWS have a viral infection, but up to 15% have a SBI; most require laboratory tests, and many admission and empirical antibiotics.• Children with a viral infection are less likely to have a SBI.

What is New:• Children with a systemic viral infection are less likely to have an SBI.• Viremia is a better predictor of absence of SBI than commonly used biomarkers and could potentially be used in conjunction with CRP and/or PCT in the evaluation of children with FWS.
Resilience in cancer patients and how it correlates with demographics, psychological factors, and lifestyle
Authors: Festerling Lara , Buentzel J. , Fischer von Weikersthal L. , Junghans C. , Zomorodbakhsch B. , Stoll C. , Prott F.-J. , Fuxius S. , Micke O. , Richter A. , Sallmann D. , Huebner J. , Hoppe Catalina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Being diagnosed with cancer is challenging. Many patients wish to be actively involved in treatment and contribute to therapy, but the patients’ coping abilities and desire for involvement differ. The individual level of resilience seems to play a major role. Our study aims to learn more about the associations of resilience and factors as demographics and psychological factors.

Methods
This multicentric cross-sectional study was conducted in ten oncological centers in Germany in summer 2021. The questionnaire collected information on demographics, resilience, self-efficacy, general satisfaction with life, and sense of coherence. Considered lifestyle-aspects were diet and physical activity. 416 patients were included in the analyses.

Results
A moderate mean resilience score was achieved (M = 69). Significant correlations in demographics were found for resilience and education (r = 0.146, p = 0.003), income (r = 0.205, p = 0.001), and time since receiving diagnosis (r = − 0.115, p = 0.021). Resilience and self-efficacy correlated on a high level (r = 0.595, p < 0.001), resilience and sense of coherence, and resilience and general satisfaction with life in a moderate way (r = 0.339, p < 0.001; r = 0.461, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Resilience portrays an important aspect in cancer treatment. Detecting patients at risk, stabilizing, or improving resilience are important to focus on and strengthen them accordingly. Possible negatively influencing factors (e.g., low self-efficacy) need to be considered. Factors affecting resilience but difficult to influence, as educational background, should be screened for. Also, the combination of low resilience and low income seems to describe a vulnerable patient group.
Impact of shifting from laparoscopic to robotic surgery during 600 minimally invasive pancreatic and liver resections
Authors: Emmen Anouk. M. L. H. , Görgec B. , Zwart M. J. W. , Daams F. , Erdmann J. , Festen S. , Gouma D. J. , van Gulik T. M. , van Hilst J. , Kazemier G. , Lof S. , Sussenbach S. I. , Tanis P. J. , Zonderhuis B. M. , Busch O. R. , Swijnenburg R. J. , Besselink M. G. ,   for HPB-Amsterdam
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Many centers worldwide are shifting from laparoscopic to robotic minimally invasive hepato-pancreato-biliary resections (MIS-HPB) but large single center series assessing this process are lacking. We hypothesized that the introduction of robot-assisted surgery was safe and feasible in a high-volume center.

Methods
Single center, post-hoc assessment of prospectively collected data including all consecutive MIS-HPB resections (January 2010–February 2022). As of December 2018, all MIS pancreatoduodenectomy and liver resections were robot-assisted. All surgeons had participated in dedicated training programs for laparoscopic and robotic MIS-HPB. Primary outcomes were in-hospital/30-day mortality and Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 complications.

Results
Among 1875 pancreatic and liver resections, 600 (32%) were MIS-HPB resections. The overall rate of conversion was 4.3%, Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 complications 25.7%, and in-hospital/30-day mortality 1.8% (n = 11). When comparing the period before and after the introduction of robotic MIS-HPB (Dec 2018), the overall use of MIS-HPB increased from 25.3 to 43.8% (P < 0.001) and blood loss decreased from 250 ml [IQR 100–500] to 150 ml [IQR 50–300] (P < 0.001). The 291 MIS pancreatic resections included 163 MIS pancreatoduodenectomies (52 laparoscopic, 111 robotic) with 4.3% conversion rate. The implementation of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with reduced operation time (450 vs 361 min; P < 0.001), reduced blood loss (350 vs 200 ml; P < 0.001), and a decreased rate of delayed gastric emptying (28.8% vs 9.9%; P = 0.009). The 309 MIS liver resections included 198 laparoscopic and 111 robotic procedures with a 3.6% conversion rate. The implementation of robotic liver resection was associated with less overall complications (24.7% vs 10.8%; P = 0.003) and shorter hospital stay (4 vs 3 days; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The introduction of robotic surgery was associated with greater implementation of MIS-HPB in up to nearly half of all pancreatic and liver resections. Although mortality and major morbidity were not affected, robotic surgery was associated with improvements in some selected outcomes. Ultimately, randomized studies and high-quality registries should determine its added value.

Graphical Abstract