bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling nonequilibrium thermoviscoelastic material behaviors of glass in nonisothermal glass molding
Authors: Vu Anh Tuan , Avila Hernandez Rocio de los Angeles , Grunwald Tim , Bergs Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonisothermal glass molding (NGM) is developed aiming to satisfy the fabrication of complex and precision optical elements at high production volumes. The technology, however, was encountered by the high form deviation of manufactured glass optics. During the nonisothermal compression molding, glass undergoes a rapid temperature change making it a transition from equilibrium to nonequilibrium nature of matter. Owing to this characteristic, viscoelastic material behaviors of glass depend on not only temperature but also thermal history. Understanding the nature of nonequilibrium thermoviscoelasticity, the central importance to control the final shape and optical characteristics of the manufactured glass optics is the focus of this research. First, this study presents preliminary experimental investigations indicating the difference in viscoelastic deformation responses under the equilibrated and nonequilibrated glass specimens. In the following, modeling the temperature‐dependent viscoelasticity over a wide temperature range in glass transition region is described, where temperature is directly coupled in each parameter of a rheological constitutive model. This concept allows us to bypass the thermorheologically simple assumption used to tolerate the description of thermoviscoelastic responses in most of the earlier works. Finally, we propose a modeling method that incorporates temperature and thermal history into the rheological model parameters, each of which is described by employing the Mauro–Allan–Potuzak viscosity equation. Viscoelastic experiments were carried out to validate the model. The results show that the time‐dependent responses varying with temperature are well predicted in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium regimes of glass‐forming systems. The benefit of this research is that a unique material model is entirely applicable for numerical studies of various hot forming processes such as annealing when glass undergoes pure thermal loads, as well as precision glass molding and NGM when glass is deformed by fully coupled thermal–mechanical loads under either its equilibrium or nonequilibrium state of materials, respectively.
Development and evaluation of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Vibro mimicus in human plasma samples
Authors: Zhu Peng , Huang Zuoan , Xiong Zi , Guo Shiyu , Zhang Shun , Cai Ting 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aim
We aimed at developing a fast and accurate method to detect Vibrio mimicus using real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay.

Methods and Results
Specific primers and probe were designed to target V. mimicus haemolysin (vmh) gene. Target DNA was successfully amplified at 41°C within 20 min. The method exhibited a high level of specificity and the sensitivity was 2.1 × 102 copies/25 μl or 8.4 copies/μl, which is in line with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The calibration curve plotted by the second-order polynomial regression showed better than the linear curve, as the correlation coefficient was raised to 0.9907, which suggested that the second-order polynomial regressions might be considered to apply to the quantification of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The limit of detection (LOD) was predicted to be 77 copies/25 μl or 3 copies/μl by a probit model. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated to be 28 copies /25 μl or 1 copies/μl by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which firstly make LOQ could be available to real-time RPA. For the performance of the real-time RPA in plasma samples, the detection sensitivity of real-time RPA was as good as the real-time PCR. For pretreatment of plasma samples, the boiling method was better than using kits, as it further shortened the time of the real-time RPA in detecting V. mimicus.

Conclusions
The real-time RPA assay developed in our study shows multiple advantages over currently available DNA diagnostic method, including a quicker time-to-result for a single sample, requiring minimal infrastructure and technical support and being tolerant to inhibitors in plasma samples.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The real-time RPA assay developed here is a potentially valuable tool for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of V. mimicus infection in endemic field, especially in the resources-limited settings, as combined with portable devices.
Variation in glucose metabolism under acidified sodium nitrite mediated nitrosative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sengupta Swarnab , Nath Rohan , Bhuyan Rajabrata , Bhattacharjee Arindam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The work aimed to understand the important changes during glucose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under acidified sodium nitrite (ac.NaNO2) mediated nitrosative stress.

Methods and Results
Confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis were performed to investigate the generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and redox homeostasis under nitrosative stress was also characterized. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of ADH genes was upregulated under such condition, whereas the ACO2 gene was downregulated. Some of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were partially inhibited, whereas malate metabolism and alcoholic fermentation were increased under nitrosative stress. Kinetics of ethanol production was also characterized. A network analysis was conducted to validate our findings. In the presence of ac.NaNO2, in vitro protein tyrosine nitration formation was checked by western blotting using pure alcohol dehydrogenase and aconitase.

Conclusions
Alcoholic fermentation rate was increased under stress condition and this altered metabolism might be conjoined with the defence machinery to overcome the nitrosative stress.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first work of this kind where the role of metabolism under nitrosative stress has been characterized in S. cerevisiae and it will provide a base to develop an alternative method of industrial ethanol production.
The effect of carbamazepine on bone structure and strength in control and osteogenesis imperfecta (Col1a2+/p.G610C) mice
Authors: Blank Martha , McGregor Narelle E. , Rowley Lynn , Kung Louise H. W. , Crimeen‐Irwin Blessing , Poulton Ingrid J. , Walker Emma C. , Gooi Jonathan H. , Lamandé Shireen R. , Sims Natalie A. , Bateman John F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe inherited brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is commonly caused byCOL1A1andCOL1A2mutations that disrupt the collagen I triple helix. This causes intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of the misfolded collagen and can result in a pathological ER stress response. A therapeutic approach to reduce this toxic mutant load could be to stimulate mutant collagen degradation by manipulating autophagy and/or ER‐associated degradation. Since carbamazepine (CBZ) both stimulates autophagy of misfolded collagen X and improves skeletal pathology in a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia model, we tested the effect of CBZ on bone structure and strength in 3‐week‐old male OICol1a2+/p.G610Cand control mice. Treatment for 3 or 6 weeks with CBZ, at the dose effective in metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, provided no therapeutic benefit toCol1a2+/p.G610Cmouse bone structure, strength or composition, measured by micro‐computed tomography, three point bending tests and Fourier‐transform infrared microspectroscopy. In control mice, however, CBZ treatment for 6 weeks impaired femur growth and led to lower femoral cortical and trabecular bone mass. These data, showing the negative impact of CBZ treatment on the developing mouse bones, raise important issues which must be considered in any human clinical applications of CBZ in growing individuals.
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes in Beijing, China
Authors: Ding Shan , Zhang Puhong , Wang Li , Wang Du , Sun Kaige , Ma Yahui , Wang Hongbing , Xu Chun , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xianbo , Wang Hongyu , Zhao Fang , Li Xian , Ji Linong , Guo Lixin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo estimate the prevalence, and patient clinical and demographic profile, as well as risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China.Materials and MethodsHospitalized adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were consecutively screened and invited for an overnight polysomnography from four hospitals in Beijing, China, from May 2016 to February 2017. We used the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 polysomnography recording techniques and scoring criteria to identify the type of apnea and the severity of OSAS. The χ2‐test was used to evaluate differences between groups regarding the prevalence, and demographic and other clinical parameters.ResultsA total of 735 patients were found eligible for the study, of whom 309 patients completed the overnight polysomnography. The mean age of the patients was 58.2 ± 10.9 years, and most (67.3%) were men. The prevalence of overall (apnea hypopnea index ≥5/h), moderate‐to‐severe (apnea hypopnea index ≥15/h) and severe (apnea hypopnea index ≥30/h) OSAS was 66.3% (95% confidence interval 60.8–71.6%), 35.6% (95% confidence interval 30.3–41.2%) and 16.5% (95% confidence interval 12.5–21.1%), respectively. Central and mixed apnea contributed 12% to all sleep‐disordered breathing. With the aggravation of OSAS, the combined prevalence for central, mixed and obstructive apnea increased from 57% to 70%. We found OSAS to be associated with older age, obesity, self‐reported snoring and apnea, and diabetes complications.ConclusionsGuidelines on screening and treatment of OSAS among hospitalized patients with diabetes are needed to direct the routine practice for diabetes endocrinologists for optimal clinical care of such patients.
Understanding complexity in psychological services: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Strachan Jenny , Halliday Greg , Caldwell Ellie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesThe concept of patient or case complexity is relevant—and widely used—at all levels and stages of mental health service provision, but there have been few methodologically robust attempts to define this term. This study aimed to establish a consensus on factors contributing to patient complexity in adult psychological services using Delphi methodology.MethodApplied psychologists in a single urban/suburban UK National Health Service setting took part in a three‐round modified Delphi study. Twenty‐eight respondents in Round 1 gave qualitative data on factors they considered when assessing complexity, which was subject to thematic analysis. Twenty‐five respondents in Round 2 rated how central/peripheral each theme was to their judgement using Likert scales. In a third round, 20 respondents addressed discrepancies and possible utilities of the emerging framework.ResultsThirteen factors contributing to patient/case complexity (active severe/enduring mental health, current coping/functioning, engagement, forensic history, iatrogenic factors, interpersonal functioning, neurocognitive functioning, physical health, problematic substance use, risk, severity/chronicity of presenting problems, systemic and socioeconomic factors and trauma) were identified with a high degree of consensus. All were rated as central to complexity.ConclusionsWe conclude that applied psychologists do have a shared understanding of complexity and make recommendations for further research validating, developing and applying this empirically derived framework.
The converging paradigms of holism and complexity: An exploration of naturopathic clinical case management using complexity science principles
Authors: Graham Kim D. , Steel Amie , Wardle Jon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRationaleTraditional whole systems of medicine, such as naturopathy, are founded upon holism; a philosophical paradigm consistent with contemporary complexity science. Naturopathic case management is predicated upon the understanding of an intimately interconnected internal physiological and external context of the human organism—potentially indicating a worldview aligned with a complexity perspective. In this study we investigate naturopathic clinical reasoning using a complexity lens with the aim of ascertaining the extent of correspondence between the two.MethodMind maps depicting case presentations were sought from Australian degree qualified naturopaths. A network mapping was undertaken, which was then analysed in accordance with a complexity science framework using exploratory data analysis and network analysis processes and tools.ResultsNaturopathic case schematics, in the form of mind maps (n = 70), were collected, network mapped, and analysed. A total of 739 unique elements and 2724 links were identified across the network. Integral elements across the network were: stress, fatigue, general anxiety, systemic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and diet. A modularity algorithm detected 11 communities, the primary ones of these representing the nervous system and mood; the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nutrition; immune function and the immune system; and diet and nutrients.ConclusionsNaturopathic case management is holistic and based on a perspective of an integrated physiology and external context of the human organism. The traditional concept of holism, when subjected to a complexity lens, leads to the emergence of a contemporary holistic paradigm cognisant of the human organism being a complex system. The application of complexity science to investigate naturopathic case management as employed in this study, demonstrates that it is possible to investigate traditional philosophies and principles in a scientific and critical manner. A complexity science research approach may offer a suitable scientific paradigm to develop our understanding of traditional whole systems of medicine.
Green tea grades identification via Fourier transform near‐infrared spectroscopy and weighted global fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transform
Authors: He Fei , Wu Xiaohong , Wu Bin , Zeng Shupeng , Zhu Xingchen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extraction of near‐infrared (NIR) spectral discrimination information is important for the NIR spectral classification task. Some discriminant information extraction algorithms such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), uncorrelated discriminant transform (UDT), and fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transform (FUDT) use the sample mean to calculate the total scattering matrix. However, the calculation of the sample mean will be affected by abnormal samples, which will affect the extraction of discriminant information. To solve this problem, this article proposes an improved discriminant information extraction algorithm called weighted global fuzzy uncorrelated discriminant transform (WGFUDT). The algorithm uses the Euclidean distance between the training samples to weight the training samples and assigns a smaller weight to the abnormal data to reduce its effect on the sample mean. The algorithm was used for the grade identification of two green teas (Huangshan Maofeng tea and Mee tea). The results show that the classification accuracies of WGFUDT on Mee tea and Huangshan Maofeng tea are 97.22% and 99.07%, respectively. Compared with LDA, UDT and FUDT, WGFUDT can obtain more spectral discriminant information and has higher accuracy in grade identification of Huangshan Maofeng tea and Mee tea.Practical ApplicationsSome traditional discriminant information extraction algorithms sometimes cannot extract enough discriminant information, which will affect the recognition rate of tea grades. WGFUDT can extract more discriminant information in the face of green tea spectral information and achieve higher accuracy. WGFUDT for green tea grade identification is fast and effective.
Cultural influences on infant and toddler feeding among low‐income Latinx mothers
Authors: MacMillan Uribe Alexandra L. , Rudt Hannah G. , Leak Tashara M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLatinx infants and toddlers experience higher obesity rates than their black or white counterparts, increasing chronic disease risk later in life. Infant and toddler feeding (ITF) interventions are shown to improve dietary behaviours, but few studies target Latinx populations. Culturally tailoring such interventions is imperative, but cultural influences on Latinx ITF practices remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize how culture influences ITF practices among Latinx mothers of low income. A brief survey and semistructured interview informed by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) were conducted on Zoom with New York City‐based Latinx mothers of children 4 to 24 months old. A directed content analysis approach was used to identify themes using TPB theoretical codes and inductive codes. Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers using NVivo 12. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Excel. Participants (n = 19) were of Dominican, Mexican and Central and South American origin, had low acculturation scores and mean child age was 16.7 months (range: 5–24 months old). The central theme identified was that participants balanced cultural information with evidence‐based health information to determine which ITF practices were most beneficial to infant/toddler health. This resulted in the adoption of evidence‐based ITF recommendations, adoption of cultural practices that aligned with evidence‐based recommendations and dismissal or postponement of cultural ITF practices that contradicted evidence‐based recommendations. The present results can be applied to culturally relevant ITF education as follows: emphasizing the benefits of desirable ITF practices on children's health and promoting healthy cultural ITF practices.
Comparison of surveillance trapping methods to monitorCulicoidesbiting midge activity in Trinidad, West Indies
Authors: Brown‐Joseph Tamiko , Oura Christopher A. L. , Carrington Christine V. F. , Harrup Lara E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCulicoidesbiting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biting nuisances and arbovirus vectors of both public health and veterinary significance in Trinidad. We compared sampling methods to define the behaviour and bionomics of adultCulicoidespopulations at a commercial dairy goat farm. Three static trap designs were compared: (a) Centre for Disease Control (CDC) downdraft UV trap; (b) CDC trap with an incandescent bulb and (c) CDC trap with semiochemical lure consisting of R‐(−)‐1‐octen‐3‐ol and CO2(no bulb). Sweep netting was used to define diel periodicity. A total of 30,701 biting midges were collected using static traps, dominated by femaleCulicoides furens(>70% of trap collections across all three designs). There was no significant difference in the Margalef's index between the three traps; however, trap designs A and C collected a significantly greater number of individuals than trap B, and trap C gained highest species richness. The greatest species richness and abundance ofCulicoidescollected by sweep net was observed between 6:00 and 6:15pmand notable differences in the crepuscular activity pattern of several species were identified. Comparative data onCulicoidesspecies richness, abundance, sex and reproductive status is discussed and can be used to improve surveillance strategies, research designs and risk management.
Recent and ancient evolutionary events shaped plant elemental composition of edaphic endemics: a phylogeny‐wide analysis of Iberian gypsum plants
Authors: Palacio Sara , Cera Andreu , Escudero Adrián , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L. , Sánchez Ana M. , Mota Juan Francisco , Pérez‐Serrano Serrano María , Merlo M. Encarnación , Martínez‐Hernández Fabián , Salmerón‐Sánchez Esteban , Mendoza‐Fernández Antonio Jesús , Pérez‐García Francisco J. , Montserrat‐Martí Gabriel , Tejero Pablo 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe analysis of plant elemental composition and the underlying factors affecting its variation are a current hot topic in ecology. Ecological adaptation to atypical soils may shift plant elemental composition. However, no previous studies have evaluated its relevance against other factors such as phylogeny, climate or individual soil conditions.We evaluated the effect of the phylogeny, environment (climate, soil), and affinity to gypsum soils on the elemental composition of 83 taxa typical of Iberian gypsum ecosystems. We used a new statistical procedure (multiple phylogenetic variance decomposition, MPVD) to decompose total explained variance by different factors across all nodes in the phylogenetic tree of target species (covering 120 million years of Angiosperm evolution).Our results highlight the relevance of phylogeny on the elemental composition of plants both at early (with the development of key preadaptive traits) and recent divergence times (diversification of the Iberian gypsum flora concurrent with Iberian gypsum deposit accumulation). Despite the predominant phylogenetic effect, plant adaptation to gypsum soils had a strong impact on the elemental composition of plants, particularly on sulphur concentrations, while climate and soil effects were smaller.Accordingly, we detected a convergent evolution of gypsum specialists from different lineages on increased sulphur and magnesium foliar concentrations.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the restrictions on pediatric appendicitis in Turkey: A single‐center experience
Authors: Sener Okur Dicle , Memetoglu Mehmet Erdal , Edirne Yesim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study we investigated how the incidence and course of acute appendicitis (AA) changed in children during the pandemic.MethodsChildren diagnosed with AA during the 1‐year pandemic period after the first COVID‐19 case in Turkey and the previous 1 year were included in the study. Children were divided into two groups: those hospitalized during the pandemic (group A) and those hospitalized in the year before the pandemic (group B). Furthermore, we compared the findings obtained for COVID‐19‐positive and COVID‐19‐negative children in the whole study group and within group A.ResultsA significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of gender, the rate of vomiting and the number of days of vomiting. Complicated AA was more frequent in group B than in group A. In addition, the hospital stay was significantly longer, the mean number of days with fever was significantly higher, and mean body temperature was significantly higher in COVID‐19‐positive patients in the whole study group and within group A.ConclusionsContrary to most studies in the literature, in the present study the patients in the pre‐pandemic period were admitted to hospital later, and this may have been associated with the higher frequency of complicated AA in these patients. During the pandemic, however, the arrangements and warnings of health authorities might have reduced the anxiety and the hesitancy of families to go to the hospital, and hence this may have been associated with the lower rate of complicated AA in this period.