bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization and identification of single meteoritic organic molecules by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Kaiser Katharina , Schulz Fabian , Maillard Julien F. , Hermann Felix , Pozo Iago , Peña Diego , Cleaves H. James , Burton Aaron S. , Danger Gregoire , Afonso Carlos , Sandford Scott , Gross Leo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing high‐resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO‐functionalized tips, we atomically resolved individual molecules from Murchison meteorite samples. We analyzed powdered Murchison meteorite material directly, as well as processed extracts that we prepared to facilitate characterization by AFM. From the untreated Murchison sample, we resolved very few molecules, as the sample contained mostly small molecules that could not be identified by AFM. By contrast, using a procedure based on several trituration and extraction steps with organic solvents, we isolated a fraction enriched in larger organic compounds. The treatment increased the fraction of molecules that could be resolved by AFM, allowing us to identify organic constituents and molecular moieties, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic chains. The AFM measurements are complemented by high‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis of Murchison fractions. We provide a proof of principle that AFM can be used to image and identify individual organic molecules from meteorites and propose a method for extracting and preparing meteorite samples for their investigation by AFM. We discuss the challenges and prospects of this approach to study extraterrestrial samples based on single‐molecule identification.
Self‐reported quality of life in children with ventricular assist devices
Authors: Peng David M. , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Ventresco Courtney , Cousino Melissa K. , St. Louis James D. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Uzark Karen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to describe QOL in children with VAD and to identify factors associated with impaired QOL.MethodsThere were 82 children (6–19 years) in the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support who completed the PedsQL +/− a VAD‐specific QOL assessment pre‐VAD implant (n = 18), 3 months post‐VAD (n = 63), and/or 6 months post‐VAD (n = 38). Significantly impaired QOL is a score >1 SD below norms.ResultsStudy patients were 59% male, 67% Caucasian, with cardiomyopathy diagnosis in 82%, and median age at implant of 14 y (IQR 11–17). PedsQL scores were lower than norms for physical (p < .0001) and psychosocial (p < .01) QOL in pre‐ and post‐VAD groups. Compared to chronic health condition and complex or severe heart disease groups, PedsQL scores were lower for physical and psychosocial QOL in the pre‐VAD group (p < .0001); however, psychosocial QOL was not significantly different in post‐VAD groups. Psychosocial QOL was impaired in 67%, 40%, and 24% in pre‐VAD, 3‐month, and 6‐month post‐VAD groups, respectively. Total and psychosocial QOL scores were significantly higher in the 3‐month and 6‐month post‐VAD group than pre‐VAD (all p ≤ .02). VAD patients were most bothered by their inability to participate in usual play activities. Impaired QOL 3 months post‐VAD was associated with inotropic support >2 weeks/ongoing post‐VAD (p = .04).ConclusionPhysical QOL is significantly impaired in most children pre‐ and post‐VAD. However, psychosocial QOL is not significantly impaired in most children post‐VAD suggesting VAD implantation may improve psychosocial QOL in children.
Eliminating epistemic rationality#
Authors: Rinard Susanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper I argue against David Christensen's claim that epistemic rationality is indispensable. I have long held that reasons for belief, like reasons for action, are pragmatic. If so, then we can account for the rationality of belief without making use of the notion of epistemic rationality. There are different ways of doing this. If you are drawn to the idea that rationality is a matter of responding to the world in a good way, then a good theory for you is one on which the rationality of belief is assessed relative to what one's evidence supports. If, on the other hand, you are drawn to the idea that rationality is a matter of believing and acting in ways that make sense from within the agent's own perspective, then a good theory for you is one on which the rationality of belief is assessed relative to what the agent in fact believes. (This view is also a good fit for those who endorse a certain kind of radical skepticism.) Either way, epistemic rationality can be eliminated from our theorizing. We can do what needs doing without it.
Management and sequelae of dental implant removal
Authors: Monje Alberto , Nart José 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInappropriate and unnecessary implant therapy driven by an erroneous belief that dental implants provide enhanced function and esthetics over diseased or failing teeth has led to a growing burden of implant complications across the globe. Specifically, esthetic and biological complications frequently lead to the unfavorable prognosis of dental implants. Often, these cannot be managed predictably to improve the condition or satisfy patients' demands. In such circumstances, implant removal needs to be considered. Currently, minimally invasive methods based on reverse torque engineering are key to preserve peri‐implant soft and hard tissues. Implant replacement is now feasible, as evidenced by the high survival rates of implants placed at previously failed sites. Notwithstanding these data, clinicians should still consider carefully the expendability of an implant and whether its replacement will satisfy the prosthetic, biomechanical, and esthetic demands of the patient. In the scenario where future implant placement is desired, protocols undertaken for soft/hard tissue grafting and implant placement should be based upon defect morphology and soft and hard‐tissue characteristics. Currently, however, a lack of knowledge of the biological events and dimensional changes that arise following implant removal renders decision‐making complex and challenging, and recommendations remain largely based upon empirical speculation. This chapter will review the indications for implant replacement for prosthetic, biomechanical, and esthetic complications, alongside considerations in decision‐making, planning, implementation, and outcomes of implant replacement.
Polymorphisms and association of GRM1, GNAQ and HCRTR1 genes with seasonal reproduction and litter size in three sheep breeds
Authors: Zhu Mengting , Zhang Hongmei , Yang Hua , Zhao Zongsheng , Blair Hugh T. , Zhai Manjun , Yu Qian , Wu Pei , Fang Chenhui , Xie Mengting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLitter size is one of the important economic traits of livestock. Seasonal oestrus, ovulation and lambing of sheep have severely restricted the development of sheep farming in Xinjiang, China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms and genetic correlation between GRM1, GNAQ and HCRTR1 genes and the seasonal reproduction and litter size in three sheep breeds. The DNA mixed pool sequencing and PCR‐SSCP methods were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GRM1, GNAQ and HCRTR1 genes in seasonal oestrous (Kazakh and Chinese Merino [Xinjiang Junken type]) and perennial oestrous (Hu) sheep breeds. The association between genetic polymorphism and litter size was also analysed. The results showed that T945C in exon 2 of GRM1 gene, C589T in exon 2 of HCRTR1 gene and A191G in exon 2 of GNAQ gene were identified by Sanger sequencing, and three genotypes were existed in each SNP site, which all belonged to the synonymous mutation. GRM1 (CC), GNAQ (GA) and HCRTR1 (TC) were the dominant genotypes of seasonal reproduction and litter size in Kazakh sheep and Chinese Merino sheep, respectively, while, in perennial oestrous Hu sheep populations, the dominant genotypes were GRM1 (TC), GNAQ (GA) and HCRTR1 (TC), respectively, and association analysis also confirmed the results. The above results implied that GRM1, GNAQ and HCRTR1 genes are significantly associated with lambing traits in Kazakh, Chinese Merino and Hu sheep. Among them, the locus of GRM1 (T945C), GNAQ (A191G) and HCRTR1 (C589T) might be considered as a potential molecular marker, which controls seasonal reproduction and litter size in sheep.
Are some narratives better than others?: The impact of different narrative forms on adolescents’ intentions to text and drive
Authors: Scherr Courtney L. , Lillie Helen , Ratcliff Chelsea L. , Krakow Melinda , Liu Miao , Jensen Jakob D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPsychological reactance theory posits individuals seek to restore freedom when threatened. Communication scholars have hypothesized persuasive messages can constitute threats to freedom. The current study engages questions about the potential for different forms of narratives in public service announcements (PSAs) to trigger freedom threats by examining responses to a PSA campaign that utilized three forms of narrative (celebrity testimonials, peer testimonials, and accident stories) to decrease adolescent texting and driving intentions. Participants (N = 214) watched anti‐texting and driving narratives, and completed measures of threat to freedom, anger, negative cognition, and attitudes/intentions toward texting/driving. Compared to celebrity/peer testimonial PSAs, accident stories triggered increased anger and, indirectly, decreased intentions to drive safely. The results also suggest the need for continued examination of the best way to model psychological reactance theory, and the value of further research explicating anger as a mechanism of message effects.
Mechanical Characterization and Validation of the Dynamic Collimation System Prototype for Proton Radiotherapy
Authors: Geoghegan Theodore , Patwardhan Kaustubh , Nelson Nicholas , Hill Patrick , Flynn Ryan , Smith Blake , Hyer Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Radiation therapy is integral to cancer treatments for more than half of patients. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy is the latest radiation therapy technology that uses a beam of protons that are magnetically steered and delivered to the tumor. One of the limiting factors of PBS accuracy is the beam cross-sectional size, similar to how a painter is only as accurate as the size of their brush allows. To address this, collimators can be used to shape the beam along the tumor edge to minimize the dose spread outside of the tumor. Under development is a dynamic collimation system (DCS) that uses two pairs of nickel trimmers that collimate the beam at the tumor periphery, limiting dose from spilling into healthy tissue. Herein, we establish the dosimetric and mechanical acceptance criteria for the DCS based on a functioning prototype and Monte Carlo methods, characterize the mechanical accuracy of the prototype, and validate that the acceptance criteria are met. From Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the trimmers must be positioned within ±0.5 mm and ±1.0 deg for the dose distributions to pass our gamma analysis. We characterized the trimmer positioners at jerk values up to 400 m/s3 and validated their accuracy to 50 μm. We measured and validated the rotational trimmer accuracy to ±0.5 deg with a FARO® ScanArm. Lastly, we calculated time penalties associated with the DCS and found that the additional time required to treat one field using the DCS varied from 25–52 s.
Lens capsule-related complications in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: a study based on video analysis
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Xinyi , Liu Xin , Zhang Xiaobo , Lyu Danni , Yao Ke 
Published: February 2022

PurposeTo analyse the occurrence and potential causes of lens capsule-related complications during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).MethodsThis prospective consecutive cohort study included the first 1600 eyes (from 1140 consecutive patients) who received FLACS performed by the same surgeon from May 2015 to December 2018. The potential causes and characteristic signs of capsulotomy-related complications, including incomplete capsulotomies and radial anterior capsule (AC) tears, were summarised based on the agreement of two ophthalmologists after they analysed the surgical videos. Subgroup analysis was conducted to characterise the capsulotomy learning curve.ResultsOf the 1600 eyes, 52 (3.25%) had incomplete capsulotomies and 22 (1.38%) had radial AC tears. The most common causes of incomplete capsulotomies were eye tilt (16 eyes, 30.77%), air bubbles or ocular secretions at the interface (14 eyes, 26.92%) and white cataracts (7 eyes, 13.46%). Additionally, 54.55% (12/22) of AC tears were due to incomplete capsulotomy and secondary capsulorhexis. A significant difference was noted between the first 200 eyes and subsequent groups in terms of the incidence of incomplete capsulotomies. No difference was observed in the incidence of AC tears after the initial 100 procedures.ConclusionThe most common causes of incomplete capsulotomies were eye tilt and air bubbles or ocular secretions at the interface. Secondary capsulorhexis after incomplete capsulotomy is the main risk factor for AC tears. There was a steep learning curve for laser capsulotomy in the first 100 operated eyes, as evidenced by the higher complication rate, but this stabilised after 200 procedures.
Northern West Siberian–South Kara Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Siberian Arctic
Authors: Deev E. V. , Shemin G. G. , Vernikovsky V. A. , Drachev S. S. , Matushkin N. Yu. , Glazyrin P. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The Northern West Siberian–South Kara Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (NWSSK CTSE) occupies over 1 million km
2
of the northern West Siberian Basin and the South Kara Basin. It formed as a result of the latest Permian–earliest Triassic crustal extension following thermal subsidence. The Early Triassic palaeorifts are buried under 10–12 km-thick post-rift Middle Triassic–Quaternary siliciclastic sediments. In the Tithonian–Early Berriasian period, a deep-water anoxic depression formed in the West Siberian Basin and accumulated the organic-rich carbonate-siliceous Bazhenov shales that are the main source of hydrocarbons.

The West Siberian Basin, including the NWSSK CTSE, is one of the major petroleum provinces worldwide. Oil and gas deposits have been identified in Paleozoic carbonate basement rocks and Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs. The main gas reserves are concentrated in the Lower Aptian–Cenomanian play. Significant gas and oil reserves are located in the Berriasian–lowest Aptian and Jurassic plays.
The CTSE comprises 18–20% of the world's known gas reserves and provides approximately 90% of all Russian natural gas, which comprises 22% of global gas extraction. In this chapter we provide a summary of the CTSE geology and petroleum geology based on bulk results published mostly in the Russian literature.
NLUBroker
: A QoE-driven Broker System for Natural Language Understanding Services
Authors: Xu Lanyu , Iyengar Arun , Shi Weisong 
Published: February 2022

Cloud-based Natural Language Understanding (NLU) services are becoming more popular with the development of artificial intelligence. More applications are integrated with cloud-based NLU services to enhance the way people communicate with machines. However, with NLU services provided by different companies powered by unrevealed AI technology, how to choose the best one is a problem for developers. Existing tools that can provide guidance to developers and make recommendations based on their needs are severely limited. This article comprehensively evaluates multiple state-of-the-art NLU services, and the results indicate that there is no absolute winner for different usage requirements. Motivated by this observation, we provide several insights and propose
NLUBroker
, a Quality of Experience-driven (QoE-driven) broker system, to select the proper service according to the environment.
NLUBroker
senses the client and service status and leverages a solution to the multi-armed bandit problem to conduct online learning, aiming to achieve maximum expected QoE. The performance of
NLUBroker
is evaluated in both simulation and real-world environments, and the evaluation results demonstrate that
NLUBroker
is an efficient solution for selecting NLU services. It is adaptive to changes in the environment, outperforms three baseline methods we evaluated and improves overall QoE up to 1.5× for the evaluated state-of-the-art NLU services.
Simulating and Modeling the Risk of Conversational Search
Authors: Wang Zhenduo , Ai Qingyao 
Published: February 2022

In conversational search, agents can interact with users by asking clarifying questions to increase their chance of finding better results. Many recent works and shared tasks in both natural language processing and information retrieval communities have focused on identifying the need to ask clarifying questions and methodologies of generating them. These works assume that asking a clarifying question is a safe alternative to retrieving results. As existing conversational search models are far from perfect, it is possible and common that they could retrieve/generate bad clarifying questions. Asking too many clarifying questions can also drain a user’s patience when the user prefers searching efficiency over correctness. Hence, these models can backfire and harm a user’s search experience due to these risks from asking clarifying questions.

In this work, we propose a simulation framework to simulate the risk of asking questions in conversational search and further revise a risk-aware conversational search model to control the risk. We show the model’s robustness and effectiveness through extensive experiments on three conversational datasets — MSDialog, Ubuntu Dialog Corpus, and Opendialkg — in which we compare it with multiple baselines. We show that the risk-control module can work with two different re-ranker models and outperform all of the baselines in most of our experiments.
Changes of Electrocardiogram and Myocardial Enzymes in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Qin Guannan , Dai Chuanyang , Feng Shuang , Wu Guofeng 
Published: February 2022

Purpose. Cardiac complications are common in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study is aimed at observing the incidence of cardiac complications after ICH, so as at improving the understanding of the relationship between cardiac complications and ICH. Methods. This is a retrospective study on analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum myocardial enzyme of 208 patients with ICH admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2018 to 2019. For each patient, demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, ECG, serum myocardial enzyme, and head CT on admission were reviewed. Mortality was noted. Results. Among the 208 patients, 145 (69.71%) had one or more ECG abnormalities. The top three abnormalities were corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation 52 (25%), ST depression 48 (23.08%), and T wave inversion 38 (18.27%). One hundred and thirty-nine patients (66.83%) had increased serum levels of at least one kind of myocardial enzyme, which were high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) 79 (37.98%), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 80 (38.46%), creatine kinase (CK) 57 (27.40%), and creatine kinase-myocardial subfraction (CKMB) 57 (27.40%). The logistic regression analysis showed the following: secondary intraventricular hemorrhage (SIVH) (odds ratio (OR) 5.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.55–11.08;

p
<
0.001

) and hematoma

volume
>
30

ml (OR 3.81; 95% CI 1.86–7.81;

p
<
0.001

) were independent predictive factors of QTc prolongation; thalamus location (OR 5.79; 95% CI 1.94–17.28;

p
<
0.05

), hematoma

volume
>
30

ml (OR 24.187; 95% CI 3.14-186.33;

p
<
0.05

), insular involvement (OR 19.08; 95% CI 5.77-63.07;

p
<
0.001

), and SIVH (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.69-5.86;

p
<
0.05

) were independent predictive factors of ST depression; insular involvement (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.12–7.50;

p
<
0.05

) and hematoma

volume
>
30

ml (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.06–3.70;

p
<
0.05

) were independent predictive factors of increase of CK; Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78–0.98;

p
<
0.05

) and insular involvement (OR 5.56; 95% CI 1.98–15.62;

p
<
0.05

) were independent predictive factors of increase of CKMB; SIVH (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.07–3.92;

p
<
0.05

) was independent predictive factor of increase of LDH; age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06;

p
<
0.05

), blood glucose on admission (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01–1.20;

p
<
0.05

), and history of antiplatelet drug use (OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.01–12.12;

p
<
0.05

) were independent predictive factors of hs-cTnT. All the injury indexes were not related to in-hospital mortality. Conclusion. The study suggests that insular involvement, hematoma

volume
>
30

ml, and SIVH are the strongest risk factors for ECG abnormalities and elevated myocardial enzymes after ICH followed which are the risk factors such as GCS, age, admission blood glucose, and ICH location in the thalamus.
A National Map of NCI-Designated Cancer Center Catchment Areas on the 50th Anniversary of the Cancer Centers Program
Authors: DelNero Peter F. , Buller Ian D. , Jones Rena R. , Tatalovich Zaria , Vanderpool Robin C. , Ciolino Henry P. , Croyle Robert T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
In 1971, the National Cancer Act created a process to recognize the leadership, facilities, and research efforts at cancer centers throughout the United States. Toward this goal, each NCI-designated cancer center defines and describes a catchment area to which they tailor specific scientific and community engagement activities.

Methods:
The geographically defined catchment areas of 63 NCI-designated comprehensive and clinical cancer centers are collated and presented visually. In addition, the NCI-designated cancer center catchment areas are geographically linked with publicly available data sources to aggregate sociodemographic and epidemiologic characteristics across the NCI Cancer Centers Program.

Results:
The national map portrays the size, shape, and locations for 63 catchment areas of the 71 NCI-designated cancer centers. The findings illustrate the geographic extent of the NCI Cancer Centers Program during the 50th anniversary of the National Cancer Act.

Conclusions:
NCI-designated cancer centers occupy a prominent role in the cancer control ecosystem and continue to perform research to address the burden of cancer among their local communities. The strength of the NCI Cancer Centers Program is partly defined by the scope, quality, and impact of community outreach and engagement activities in the catchment areas.

Impact:
The collation and geographic presentation of the distinct, but complementary, NCI-designated cancer center catchment areas are intended to support future research and community outreach activities among NCI-designated cancer centers.
See related commentary by Vadaparampil and Tiro, p. 952