bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Different Type PV Module for 3kW Residential Roof Top PV System using PVSyst Simulation tool
Authors: Abdullah A. Z , Amlus M H , Azizan N , Sali I M , Rahim M H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss a performance comparison of solar panel between mono crystalline, poly crystalline and HIT photovoltaic for roof top solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Residential PV power generation is a growing fast nowadays due to technology transfer success to everyone while also serving as a renewable energy source. Correct selection of PV modules possible to get a fast return of investment while wrong selection is vice versa. Three type of PV panel was applying in 3.12kW rooftop PV design in Selangor, Malaysia residential this work for comparison analysis. To make a fair comparison, the PV module analyse with same location, weather, orientation and losses. Simulation was performed fully under PVSyst software and looking at performance ratio system, a yearly balanced, effective output energy, daily output generation, system output generation, and yearly system losses. In this article the performance of three different types of PV panels is demonstrated. The HIT PV module shows the highest yearly performance ratio up to 81 % compare to mono and poly type. The normalized production with standardized variable to evaluate the PV output including collection losses, device losses and energy generated show the HIT type produces lowest losses while highest output. The performance of HIT PV module was good compared to PV module mono and poly type; this is due to the lower losses and high output produce significantly. The PV system’s payback period can be shortened, and the PV system can perform better, if the PV panels are more efficient.
Performance of Backfill Material for Grounding System under High Voltage Condition
Authors: Halim N. H. , Arshad S. N. M. , Hashim N. H. , Adzis Z. , Isa M. , Bakar O. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGrounding (or earthing) play the main role to in order to protect electrical equipment, building and life from lightning, switching and earth fault occurrences. A good grounding system must be able to dissipated this unwanted charge in very fast time and this can be achieved by reducing the grounding resistance. Introduction to backfill material to be filled into grounding pit is widely implemented in order to lowering the resistance of grounding system. This paper investigates the performance of marconite, cement and sand as part of backfill materials for ufer type grounding system under alternating high voltage and impulse voltage condition. The purpose of high impulse voltage experiments is to determine the performance of above said materials under transient condition while the alternating high voltage experiment to observed the behaviour backfill material under leakage or fault current occurrence. The findings reveal that performance of grounding system may significantly change from the expected result at design stages.
Structural properties of silica under the temperature
Authors: Dung Mai Van 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The structure of the SiO2 system consisting of 12800 atoms is performed via molecular dynamics simulation with the Tersoff potential. Our simulation shows that the onset of the melting temperature is at 3450 K. This value is much higher than the previous result of Ringdalen and co-workers [26]. The structural evolution of the system is analyzed through the pair radial distribution function, the distribution of the bond length and the distribution of the bond angle. Structural parameters are compared with the previous experimental and simulated results. The mean square displacement is also discussed in this paper.
Analysis and Simulation of Temperature Distribution and Stress Development in Wire EDM of Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Awaludin Ali Imran bin , Tomadi S H , Rosdi D , Mas Ayu H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main objectives of this research are to investigate the performance of temperature distribution and equivalent Von- Mises stress development on tungsten carbide, determine the effect of different machining parameters on the tungsten carbide workpiece, prepare a set of parameters, temperature distribution and stress development that can be compared with the experimental result and to optimize the machining parameters for machining tungsten carbide using wire EDM. However, wire EDM is a complicated stochastic nature process mechanism and it has a very large number of parameters that should be considered. It is quite hard to select the best set of parameters in experimenting. In this research, the Ansys software was used to simulate the maximum temperature and maximum equivalent (Von-Mises) stress result of machining the tungsten carbide by wire EDM. The input parameters selected in conducting the simulation are pulse- on time and servo voltage. The wire diameter, convective coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient, current, thickness of the workpiece and wire material is taken as fixed parameters. By using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, the optimal value is obtained for maximum temperature and maximum equivalent (Von-Mises) stress. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a useful technique to identify the most important factor that affecting the output response.
Performance of a Single-phase Grid-integrated Photovoltaic based DSTATCOM using Modified p-q Theory Control Algorithm.
Authors: Ridzwan M A H , Baharudin N H , Mansur T M N T , Ananda-Rao K , Suboh S M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of a single-phase grid-integrated photovoltaic based DSTATCOM by using modified p-q theory control algorithm. Previously, p-q theory controller has been employed for a three-phase DSTATCOM system. Thus, this paper employs a modified p-q theory control algorithm for a single-phase grid-integrated solar PV (GCPV) based DSTATCOM. Thus, the GCPV system has improved with DSTATCOM capabilities such as harmonic reduction for a single-phase distribution system under varying solar irradiances. The simulation results have been obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software in accordance with IEEE Standard 519:2014, which stated that the THD should be less than 8% for the line current at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The performance of the single-phase GCPV based DSTATCOM has been analysed for dynamic and steady-state conditions under varying solar irradiances.
Effect of thin tunnel layers MnO3and V2O5on the enhancement of single-layer organic solar cell efficiency
Authors: Shuvo Naim , Askary Md Abu Hasan Al , Hai Tasmia Binte , Alam Sanney Ul , salsabila Saraban 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLayer thickness optimization has proven to be effective in the case of increasing Performance Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) of organic solar cells. In this research, optimization of the solar cell is performed and found an efficiency of 9.74%. After that, a solar cell with the insertion of some oxide layers is proposed. Two of them are the thick insulating oxide layers which have helped the efficiency to reach up to 15.23%. Under 1sun and at 1.5AM, the energy spectrum received from the sun has been calculated as 2.43eV for a 510nm light wavelength (has been considered as the peak among the visible light wavelengths), which is much more than the energy band gap of the active material. This incident is supposed to be one of the causes of the high electron tunnelling between the donor and acceptor of the LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital). Apart from its inorganic counterpart, as low charge carrier is the main concern for the organic solar cell, this can help a little by ensuring a high charge carrier and pushing the organic solar cell a step further with respect to its competitor, the inorganic solar cell.
Optimum Sizing and Performance of Fuel Cell Stack Integrated by Boosted DC-DC converter for Running DC Load
Authors: Irwanto M , Hussin N , Suhelmi  , Iswandi  , Azis A , Rimbawati  , Leow W Z , Jufrizal  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A fuel cell stack (FCS) converts the chemical energy to be the electrical energy through an electrochemical process. One type of FCS is proton exchange membrane (PEM) with hydrogen and oxygen as the main chemical energy source. The PEMFCS has been applied widely for operating direct current (DC) loads. However, the optimum sizing of FCS, DC load and the other supported devices are not considered well, thus the system performance does not have function optimum fully. This paper present the FCS integrated by boosted DC-DC converter for running DC load. The optimum sizing of FCS and boosted DC-DC converter are explained to obtain the required number of FCS and boosted DC-DC converter. A simulation of the FCS integrated boosted DC-DC converter is conducted using SIMULINK MATLAB. The simulation results show that the FCS and boosted DC-DC converter have good performance in the operation of DC load.
Modelling of an Electric Vehicle
Authors: Madhav Sai N , Lekshmi S , Manitha P V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered to be as an essential aspect in the immediate term to reduce global emissions and to improve local air quality. The automobile industry will have a substantial transformation in the upcoming five to ten years than it has in the last few decades. The development of technologies promoted a better eco-friendly version of EVs. Electric cars in short are the thought of batteries on wheels and are the future of motoring. Growing concerns over the limited supply of fossil fuels led to the invention of electric cars which truly rely upon the use of an electric drive system rather upon the Internal Combustion Engines. In addition, electric cars diminished the pressure of massive carbon emissions, urban pollution, greenhouse gases, and city noises. This paper proposes an investigative study on electric vehicle modelling, simulation, and step-by-step control design for an effective environment. For the purpose of modelling and simulation of an electric vehicle MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used.
Mathematical modeling and drying characteristics of thin layer drying of bitter gourd in evacuated tube solar dryer-without heat pipe
Authors: Yadav Dhiraj Kumar , Dhurve Priyanka , Arora Vinkel Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Evacuated tube solar dryer-without heat pipe (ETSD-WHP), also called direct flow evacuated tube solar dryer was used for preservation and quality analysis of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Mathematical modeling with eight semi-empirical models and drying characteristics of bitter gourd were carried out in the current study. Bitter gourd was dried in 12 hours from an initial moisture level of 91.85 % to a final moisture level of 6.77 %. The maximum rate of mass removal (drying rate), was found to be 15.15 g moisture/g dry matter/hr at 1 PM when solar radiation was high i.e 735 W/m2. Among all models, the Midilli and Kucuk model was found best fitted for bitter gourd with R2, χ2, and RSME values of 0.9982, 2.43×10-4 and 0.0129, respectively. From the quality analysis, it was observed that the color and water activity of bitter gourd decreased after drying significantly.
An improved grey wolf optimization based MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems under diverse partial shading conditions
Authors: Kishore D J Krishna , Mohamed M R , Sudhakar K , Peddakapu K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The photovoltaic (PV) systems are performing a substantial role in electric power systems for generating electrical power in various uncertain circumstances. Nonetheless, the PV systems face numerous challenges for power production in the event of partial conditions. Moreover, different types of multiple peak power points (MPPP) are generated in the characteristics of the PV system under diverse partial patterns. The MPPP’s having only one global maximum peak power (GMPP) and the remaining are local peak PowerPoints (LPPP), in which LPPP are interrupted to grab maximum power. Hence, improved grey wolf optimization (I-GWO) approach is developed in this work for enriching the required power generation at partial conditions. The proposed system has been designed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. As per the simulation findings, the suggested I-GWO demonstrates great performance with regards to tracking time, accuracy, and efficiency as compared with other studied algorithms.
Exploration of Pattern Recognition Methods for Motor Imagery EEG Signal with Convolutional Neural Network Approach
Authors: Zahra Hanina N , Zakaria Hasballah , Hermanto Beni R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As an application of EEG, Motor Imagery based Brain-Computer Interface (MI BCI) plays a significant role in assisting patients with disability to communicate with their environment. MI BCI could now be realized through various methods such as machine learning. Many attempts using different machine learning approaches as MI BCI applications have been done with every one of them yielding various results. While some attempts managed to achieve agreeable results, some still failed. This failure may be caused by the separation of the feature extraction and classification steps, as this may lead to the loss of information which in turn causes lower classification accuracy. This problem can be solved by integrating feature extraction and classification by harnessing a classification algorithm that processed the input data as a whole until it produces the prediction, hence the use of convolutional neural network (CNN) approach which is known for its versatility in processing and classifying data all in one go. In this study, the CNN exploration involved a task to classify 5 different classes of fingers’ imaginary movement (thumb, index, middle, ring, and pinky) based on the processed raw signal provided. The CNN performance was observed for both non-augmented and augmented data with the data augmentation techniques used include sliding window, noise addition, and the combination of those two methods. From these experiments, the results show that the CNN model managed to achieve an averaged accuracy of 47%, meanwhile with the help of augmentation techniques of sliding window, noise addition, and the combined methods, the model achieved even higher averaged accuracy of 57,1%, 47,2%, and 57,5% respectively.
Application of the Monte Carlo method for evaluating the patch cord length distribution of the central data center crosses using spine-leaf architecture
Authors: Semenov A B , Shishova N A , Klimov D A , Shavrin S S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An approach to determining the patch cord length of the central data center crosses with spine-leaf architecture, which is based on the Monte Carlo method is proposed. The possibility of its implementation in Excel spreadsheets is shown. The results of calculating the length distribution when installing the cross in cabinets with a height of 42 and 47U are given. It is established that for the majority of cords the length of 1–1.5 m is sufficient. The need to use 800 mm wide cabinets for the central cross and the possibility of placing it in one cabinet for 126 leaf level switches when building a data center according to the top-of-rack scheme is substantiated.
Computational cooling performance of electronic chips on printed circuit boards
Authors: Durgam Shankar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effect of cooling performance of heated modules resembling integrated circuit (IC) chips on printed circuit boards (PCBs) under natural and forced convection is investigated. Commercially available four different types of substrate materials viz. silica glass, glass epoxy FR4, bakelite, and copper-clad board (CCB) is used for the simulation study. Natural and forced convection cooling scenarios are used for thermal performance with a power input of 7.5 W and 15 W for heaters equipped on a substrate. The main motive of this work is to present and compare thermal performance of heated modules on different substrate materials. Results of FR4 and bakelite with a power input of 7.5 under natural convection are compared with forced convection results at Re = 500 for the same power input. The results show that copper clad boards give a better cooling performance in natural convection scenarios for both the power inputs of 7.5 W and 15 W.
Color-based shadow detection method in aerial images
Authors: M-Desa S , Zali S A , Mohd-Isa W N , Che-Embi Z 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of shadow detection using different image color models. The pixel-level supervised classification procedure employed in this study includes filtering images, creating a trained shadow model, obtaining shadow masks and post-processing of the output masks. Considering the advent of drones usage, we discuss the results of shadow detection on aerial images. Based on the results, the method using YCbCr color features yielded 92.71% average accuracy. The low performance of shadow detection on images with small shadowed regions and images under various weather conditions indicated that additional investigation is necessary to create detection schemes for challenging input images with high spatial resolution.
The Waste Detection System of Shrimp Feeding with a Waterproof Camera using Yolo Algorithm
Authors: Zainuddin Zaryanti , Tuluran Julian , Achmad Andani , Areni Intan Sari , Tahir Zulkifli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aims to build a waste detection system of shrimp feeding using the Yolo algorithm. Shrimp are not efficient in utilizing their feed, which is only 70-80%. The remaining shrimp feed will become waste that causes decay and decreased water quality due to the accumulation of high organic matter and toxic compounds, namely nitrite (NO2) and ammonia (NH3). Therefore, a feed waste detection system was developed in this study using You Look Only Once (YOLO). The initial stage is to collect images in the water as training data with a waterproof camera. Furthermore, the image is marked with a Yolo mark. Then training is carried out where it is extracted with the Convolutional neural network layer, which is used as input into the Fully Connected Layer. The output is a weight file that will be used to detect shrimp feed. From the tests carried out, the system produces 96-97% mean average precision (mAP) values at max batches of 4000-10000. Another result shows that the best mAP was obtained at a distance of 25 cm with mAP value of 82.31%.
Design and Implementation of General Hardware Binary Multiplier (2n x 2n) Bits
Authors: Abdulbaqia Alaa Ghazi , Hashim Yasir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new general 2n x 2n bits hardware multiplier based on combinatorial has been designed, implemented and analysed. First, a new design for circuit to multiply two binary numbers with 2n bits length, this new design starts with basic 2x2 bits circuit multiplier, n here equal to 1. Then based on this circuit, the 4x4 bits circuit multiplier has been designed. And based on 4x4, the 8x8 bits multiplier has been designed and continually the 16x16 bits multiplier. The final design for general 2nx2n bits multiplier has been presented. All these circuits have been mathematically proved and tested to get the final results.
Conversion of 15-Minutes to 1-Minute Rainfall Distribution Derived from Tropical Rainfall Distribution Measurement
Authors: Bohari Alya Syakirah , Abdullah Abdullah Irfan , Ismail Ahmad Fadzil , Badron Khairayu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The radiocommunication sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU R) necessitates a 1-min integration time of rainfall rate to predict attenuation at terrestrial links and earth-space links. Since time series of rainfall that satisfies this requirement is not common, the conversion into corresponding 1-min distribution is suggested as an alternative of time series with longer integration time, T (e.g., 10-,30-,60-minutes). This research reviews existing methods for the conversion of cumulative distributions of rainfall and compares the said conversion methods. Several approaches are utilized to convert the 15-minutes rainfall rate to a 1-min rainfall rate in the tropical area of Kampung Paya Jaras. It found that Segal’s method performs the best conversion procedure overall.
Enhanced Congestion Control Model Based on Message Prioritization and Scheduling Mechanism in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
Authors: Ismail Noraini , Hossain Mohammad Asif , Md.Noor Rafidah , Wahab Ainuddin Wahid Abdul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is an origination of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), where road vehicles will distribute messages and provide safety alerts to notice hazardous circumstances to the drivers. One of its greatest challenges is ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) owing to channel sharing, high traffic and topology changes in VANETs. These challenges cause of degradation of network performance. Congestion control should be properly considered to improve the network performance and transmission message over VANETs. However, there seem significant limitations to most of the other current congestion control mechanisms. In this paper, an enhanced congestion control model based on prioritization and scheduling-based strategy is proposed. This strategy assigns priorities of the safety messages and non-safety messages based of the message type and network condition. Further, safety message can be classified into event-driven messages and beacon messages. At that point, all messages transmit into the appropriate queue based on their priority and schedule all messages in each queue. However, when new message enqueue, reschedule in each queue may cause additional unwanted delay to be processed cause of inefficient scheduling technique. Thus, an improved dynamic scheduling algorithm also proposed to schedule the messages in this circumstance.
IoT Based Monitoring System for Stingless Bees Colony in IIUM
Authors: Rosli H A , Abdul Malik N , Ahmad Y A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Currently, the beekeeping method in IIUM is based on manual monitoring by human inspection to see the condition of the stingless bees. However, frequent manual monitoring by opening the lid can stress the colonies causing colony collapsed disorder (CCD). Therefore, this project offers a smart apiary system prototype to add value in preserving the species and the environment because bees are good pollinators. It can benefit the users in tracking the health status of stingless bees by proposing an IoT-based monitoring system. One way is to develop a real-time autonomous beekeeping system that offers several insights to the apiarists in terms of weight, temperature, humidity and pressure caused by intrusions. These parameters can be monitored with a wireless mobile application. The hardware consists of a microcontroller board (Arduino Uno) based on the ATmega328P, a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, an HX711 load cell sensor and an FSR402 force sensor connected to ESP8266 wifi module for internet access. The user interface was developed with the Blynk platform to display all information and provide alarms for unwanted incidents or emergencies that need to be catered, such as sudden pressure surges exerted on the beehive log and temperature beyond 40°C.