bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserving natural teeth versus extracting them: a willingness to pay analysis
Authors: Ghahramani Sulmaz , Ziar Nazanin , Moradi Najmeh , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Sayari Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaximum willingness to pay (WTP) for a health benefit is related to perceived value. The goal of this study was to find out how much Iranian healthy people would be willing to pay to keep their natural teeth instead of having them pulled. This was done separately for the anterior and posterior teeth.MethodsThe highest value was posed as an open-ended question in this cross-sectional analysis conducted in 2021. Four distinct scenarios for treating a tooth with a poor prognosis for natural tooth preservation versus extraction were offered. WTP for the preferred treatment option was asked for painful and painless anterior and posterior teeth separately. A two-stage hurdle approach was employed to determine factors influencing the WTP for a hopeless case. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05.ResultsOut of 795 individuals, 355 (44.7%) were male and 209 (26.3%) had poor self-stated dental health. Over 65% of those interviewed said they wanted to keep their teeth. The mean WTP was highest for dental preservation up to 94 USD and the lowest was for extraction without replacement 19 USD. The WTP for anterior tooth therapy was greater than the WTP for posterior dental care, regardless of treatment type or tooth discomfort. Participants with higher education, jobs, income-to-expenditure matching, older age, preference for the treatment in a private office, and female gender (except for WTP for a painful posterior tooth) were more likely to have a WTP of at least 1 USD.ConclusionThe average WTP for treatment of teeth with a poor prognosis was lower than the average fee charged in dental facilities, and more than 65% of participants preferred to keep their teeth. Regardless of the treatment option or whether it was painful or not, WTP for anterior teeth treatment was higher than for posterior teeth. Generally, we found that sociodemographic factors influenced WTP decision-making the most. This study has practical implications for public oral health policymakers and insurance organizations.
Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors of detention center inmates in South Korea compared with Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) respondents: a retrospective study
Authors: Hwang Ilkwang , Park Kyungtaek , Park Hee-Kyung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCorrectional institution inmates have reduced access to dental care; however, a quantitative assessment of their oral health condition has not yet been performed in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dental caries and compare the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors between inmates and the general South Korean population.MethodsThe dental records of two detention centers in South Korea were retrospectively analyzed to assess the clinical oral health condition of inmates using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and self-reported questionnaire. These data were compared with similar data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the general South Korean population.ResultsIn total, 642 inmates were analyzed and compared with 13,345 KNHANES participants in the KNHANES. The inmate and KNHANES groups demonstrated significant intergroup differences, with a higher prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, decayed teeth (DT), and missing teeth (MT) values among the inmates. The prevalence of untreated caries decreased according to the history of dental pain in the inmate group but increased in the KNHANES group. The decrease in DMFT with a history of dental pain was significant only in the inmate group. Furthermore, self-rated oral health was significantly associated with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, MT, and filled teeth (FT) in the inmate group but with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, and MT in the KNHANES group. It was found that this is because there is an interaction effect by the group.ConclusionsThe oral health of the inmate group was significantly poorer than that of the general group. Since DMFT, DT, MT, and FT values and prevalence of untreated caries in the inmate group were significantly related to their self-rated oral health, suggesting that self-rated oral health should be incorporated into the dental health screenings of correctional institution inmates.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oral cancer prevention among dental students and interns: an online cross‑sectional questionnaire in Palestine
Authors: Shadid Rola Muhammed , Abu Ali Mohammad Amid , Kujan Omar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Oral cancer is frequently characterized with an aggressive behavior and an unfavorable prognosis; however, it is generally associated with promising prognosis if detected early. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward oral cancer prevention among dental students and interns; and to investigate the factors that influence their practices of oral cancer screening or prevention.

Material and methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted between March and April of 2022 on the fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate dental students and interns in the College of Dentistry at Arab American University in Palestine. A 48-item questionnaire which has 4 sections: demographics, knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward oral cancer prevention and early detection was sent to all eligible participants (N = 570).

Results
The response rate was 68.7% (N = 351). About 66.8% of the respondents had poor knowledge about oral cancer and its risk factors, and 85.5% had a poor practice of oral cancer early detection and prevention; however, the majority of the respondents (81.1%) had shown favorable attitudes toward oral cancer prevention. Interns had significantly better knowledge and attitude scores compared to the undergraduate dental students (P < 0.05). Lack of training, time, confidence, and effectiveness were stated among the barriers to oral cancer screening.

Conclusions
Most of the participants surveyed in this study appeared to lack adequate knowledge and skills in oral cancer prevention and early detection; however, they seemed to have good motivation and a good attitude toward oral cancer prevention training.
Influences of decision preferences and health literacy on temporomandibular disorder treatment outcome
Authors: Kang Jeong-Hyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Shared decision-making is defined as the process by which physicians and informed patients make a shared medical decision, taking into account the preferences and values of the patients. It is well known that shared decision-making practices improve both clinicians’ and patients’ satisfaction and lead to better treatment outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess associations between patients’ roles in decision-making, health literacy levels, and treatment outcomes of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Methods
In total, 131 participants were enrolled. Participants underwent interview and physical examination at baseline and six months after TMD management. TMD was diagnosed according to Diagnostic Criteria/TMD criteria. Myofascial trigger points were bilaterally evaluated in the two masticatory muscles including the temporalis and masseter muscles. The roles that participants preferred to play or had perceived during decision-making and their health literacy levels were assessed using Control Preferences Scale and Newest Vital Sign, respectively.

Results
Participants who perceived themselves as occupying active roles in decision-making showed higher health literacy levels than those with passive perceived roles. Participants with appropriate health literacy showed higher perceived participation levels in decision-making than did those with limited health literacy. The extent of subjective symptomatic improvement after six months of treatment showed significant associations with perceived role in decision-making, despite lack of significant relationships between perceived role in decision-making and the extent of improvement of objective parameters.

Conclusion
Active participation of patients in decision-making improves the satisfaction but limited health literacy constitutes barriers to effective patient engagement during TMD management.
Development and psychometric properties evaluation of caregiver burden questionnaire in family caregivers of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hejazi Sima Sadat , Hosseini Meimanat , Ebadi Abbas , Alavi Majd Hamid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgorund
This study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate the caregiver burden questionnaire for family caregivers of hemodialysis patients.

Methods
This study was conducted using an exploratory sequential mixed method on family caregivers of hemodialysis patients in Iran. In the first phase, the generation of the items was done based on results of directed qualitative content analysis according to the Structural model of the caregiver burden and review of the literature. After developing the item pool, face and content validity, item analysis, structural, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, reliability, interpretability, and feasibility were evaluated.

Results
The primary tool entered the psychometric evaluation phase with 64 items. After performing face and content validity and item analysis, the number of items was reduced to 28. Exploratory factor analysis was performed with 28 items and 300 caregivers, and finally, four subscales with 21 items were developed. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the model. Cronbach's alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of all subscales were higher than 0.7 and 0.9, respectively. The standard error of measurement was 1.39. All subscales had acceptable values in convergent validity criteria and the HTMT index less than the threshold value. The total score of the questionnaire had no ceiling and floor effect; the percentage of unanswered items was within the acceptable range.

Conclusion
The results show that the caregiver burden questionnaire for caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis has good psychometric properties and can measure the caregiver burden in these caregivers.
An Alcohol Symptom Checklist identifies high rates of alcohol use disorder in primary care patients who screen positive for depression and high-risk drinking
Authors: Ryan Emma D. , Chang Yanni M. , Oliver Malia , Bradley Katharine A. , Hallgren Kevin A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Although alcohol use disorder can complicate depression management, there is no standard process for assessing AUD symptoms (i.e., AUD diagnostic criteria) in primary care for patients who screen positive for depression. This study characterizes the association between depressive symptoms and high-risk drinking reported by primary care patients on screening measures in routine care. Then, using data from a novel clinical program, this study characterizes the association between depressive symptoms and AUD symptoms reported by primary care patients with high-risk drinking via an Alcohol Symptom Checklist.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, electronic health record data were obtained from patients who visited 33 Kaiser Permanente Washington primary care clinics between 03/2018 and 02/2020 and completed depression (PHQ-2) and alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) screening measures as part of routine care (N = 369,943). Patients who reported high-risk drinking (AUDIT-C scores 7–12) also completed an Alcohol Symptom Checklist where they reported the presence or absence of 11 AUD criteria as defined by the DSM-5 (N = 8,184). Generalized linear models estimated and compared the prevalence of high-risk drinking (AUDIT-C scores 7–12) and probable AUD (2–11 AUD symptoms on Alcohol Symptom Checklists) for patients with and without positive depression screens.

Results
Patients who screened positive for depression had a 131% higher prevalence of high-risk drinking than those who screened negative (5.2% vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001). Among patients with high-risk drinking, positive depression screens were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of probable AUD (69.8% vs. 48.0%; p < 0.001), with large differences in the prevalence of probable AUD observed with increasing PHQ-2 scores (e.g., probable AUD prevalence of 37.6%, 55.3% and 65.2%, for PHQ-2 scores of 0, 1, and 2, respectively). Although the overall prevalence of high-risk drinking was higher for male patients, similar patterns of association between depression screens, high-risk drinking, and AUD symptoms were observed for male and female patients.

Conclusions
Patients with positive depression screens are more likely to have high-risk drinking. Large percentages of patients with positive depression screens and high-risk drinking report symptoms consistent with AUD to healthcare providers when given the opportunity to do so using an Alcohol Symptom Checklist.
Identification of genes with high heterogeneity of expression as a predictor of different prognosis and therapeutic responses in colorectal cancer: a challenge and a strategy
Authors: Salehitabar Ebrahim , Mahdevar Mohammad , Valipour Motlagh Ali , Forootan Farzad Seyed , Feizbakhshan Sara , Zohrabi Dina , Peymani Maryam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Molecular heterogeneity is one of the most important concerns in colorectal cancer (CRC), which results in a wide range of therapy responses and patient prognosis. We aimed to identify the genes with high heterogeneity of expression (HHE) and their relation with prognosis and drug resistance.

Methods
Two cohort studies, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and the GSE39582, were used to discover oncogenes genes with HHE. The relationship between identified genes with clinical and genomic characteristics was evaluated based on TCGA data. Also, the GDSC and CCLE data were used for drug resistance and sensitivity. Sixty CRC samples were used to validate the obtained data by RT-qPCR.

Results
Findings revealed that 132 genes with HHE were found to be up-regulated in both cohorts and were enriched in pathways such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Forty-nine of selected genes related to clinical and genomic variables, including stage, common mutations, the tumor site, and microsatellite state that were ignored. The expression level of CXCL1, SFTA2, SELE, and SACS as genes with HHE were predicted survival patients, and RT-qPCR results demonstrated that levels of SELE and SACS had HHE in CRC samples. The expression of many identified genes like BGN, MMP7, COL11A1, FAP, KLK10, and TNFRSE11B was associated with resistance to chemotherapy drugs.

Conclusions
Some genes expression, including SELE, SACS, BGN, KLK10, COL11A1, and TNFRSE11B have an oncogenic function with HHE, and their expression can be used as indicators for differing treatment responses and survival rates in CRC.
Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis characterizing bronchoalveolar epithelial cells in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Deng Zhiqin , Li Qin , Li Yongshen , Deng Zhenhan , Chen Xiaoqiang , Zhao Zhe , Wang Guganghui , Wang Daping , Liu Jianquan , Li Wencui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been reported to be the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells. Understanding the changes in bronchoalveolar epithelial cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells and the intercellular communication relationship between these epithelial cell changes and immune cells is of great significance for the development of therapeutic methods.

Methods
We explored the single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) of cells infected with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BaLF) of patients with different severities of SARS-CoV-2 and healthy people.

Results
We found 11 clusters of epithelial cells in the BaLF, and they were derived from the S group. In the S group, the proportion of cells with positive ACE2 expression was relatively high. ACE2 was relatively more expressed in epithelial cell clusters 1, 3, and 7. Clusters 4 and 5 represented the original state, and there were two differentiation directions: one was cluster 2, and the others were clusters 1, 3, and 6. Cluster 7 was the intermediate state. Clusters 1, 3, 6, and 7 had high similarities (> 0.9), and their main signaling pathways focused on inflammatory activation and immune response. Cluster 2 was relatively specific and was up-regulated in differential genes that were mainly related to apoptosis. The ligand-receptor expression pattern of TNFRSF10D-TNFSF10 showed a special inter-cell regulatory relationship between epithelial cell cluster 2 and macrophages.

Conclusion
This study revealed the changes in epithelial cells derived from alveolar lavage fluid after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the communication relationship with other immune cells.
Hydrogel–metal-organic-framework hybrids mediated efficient oral delivery of siRNA for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Gao Meng , Yang Chen , Wu Chenghu , Chen Yue , Zhuang Hongqin , Wang Jilong , Cao Zhiting 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which could induce bloody stool, diarrhea, colon atrophy and eventually lead to colorectal cancer. The conventional daily oral administration of drugs only relieve the inflammatory response of colon in the short term, Biological agents such as antibody drugs has proven its efficiency in inhibiting colitis, while the low drug bioavailability means that large doses of antibodies are required, ultimately causing systemic toxicity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has significant advantages over antibody drugs in terms of safety and efficacy, and it have been widely applied as potential candidates for a variety of inflammation-related diseases. However, oral delivery of siRNA fails to overcome the degradation of the gastrointestinal environment to produce a significant therapeutic effect in ulcerative colitis. Herein, we design the hybrid delivery system that the siRNA loaded MOF encapsulated in the sodium alginate particles to overcome the barriers in the oral process.

Results
The hybrid delivery system (SA@MOF-siRNATNFα) was successfully constructed, and it could not only survive the low pH environment in the stomach and small intestine, but also taken up more by inflammatory macrophages, as well as released much more MOF-siRNATNFα. Moreover, SA@MOF-siRNATNFα tended to enriched and infiltrated into local colon tissues. As a result, SA@MOF-siRNATNFα significantly reduced the progression of colitis, of which the treated mice did not experience significant weight loss, bloody stools and diarrhea.

Conclusion
We confirmed that the formulation of hydrogel–metal-organic framework hybrids could improve the protection of incorporated payload in the gastric and early small intestine, enhancing the delivery of MOF-siRNA to colon.
Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of sarcoma: from biological functions to clinical applications
Authors: Ye Huali , Hu Xin , Wen Yang , Tu Chongqi , Hornicek Francis , Duan Zhenfeng , Min Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma continue to show limited timeliness and efficacy. In order to enable the early detection and management of sarcoma, increasing attentions have been given to the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is a dynamic network composed of multiple cells, extracellular matrix, vasculature, and exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles derived from various cells in the TME. The major function of exosomes is to promote cancer progress and metastasis through mediating bidirectional cellular communications between sarcoma cells and TME cells. Due to the content specificity, cell tropism, and bioavailability, exosomes have been regarded as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic vehicles for sarcoma. This review summarizes recent studies on the roles of exosomes in TME of sarcoma, and explores the emerging clinical applications.
Association between postoperative radiotherapy for young-onset head and neck cancer and long-term risk of second primary malignancy: a population-based study
Authors: Zhu Xiaoke , Zhou Jian , Zhou Liang , Zhang Ming , Gao Chunli , Tao Lei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Second primary malignancy (SPM) represents the leading long-term cause of death among patients with index head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to quantify the association between postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and the risk of SPM development for index HNSCC among adolescent and young patients, who are particularly vulnerable to radiation-associated impacts due to their increased tissue susceptibilities and longer life expectancies.

Methods
This study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to collect the data of 5 year survivors of index young-onset HNSCC from 1975 to 2011. The outcome of interest was SPM, a new, metachronous malignancy after the index HNSCC. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and excess absolute risks (EARs) were used to quantify the PORT-associated risks externally, and relative risks (RRs) were estimated by the multivariate Poisson regression analysis to quantify the PORT-associated risks internally.

Results
Of the included 2771 5 year survivors with index young-onset HNSCCs, the receipt of PORT (37.6%) was associated with higher risk of SPMs (RR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43). PORT-associated risks were elevated for the majority of sites, including head and neck (RR, 1.19; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.50) and lung (RR, 1.67; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.34). With regarding to the subsites of head and neck, RRs were above unity in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (RR, 1.68; 95% CI 1.39 to 2.03) and laryngeal SCC (RR, 1.02; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.43). A relatively greater RR was observed for patients younger than 35 years (RR, 1.44, 95% CI 0.37 to 5.57) and those diagnosed with localized diseases (RR, 1.16, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.5). PORT-associated risks were increased remarkably after 15 years of follow-up (RR, 1.24; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.58).

Conclusions
An association was discovered between PORT treatment and increased long-term risk of SPM among patients with index young-onset HNSCC. The findings suggest long-term follow-up surveillance for these patients, particularly those with oral cavity SCC or laryngeal SCC.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors regulation in gestational diabetes mellitus and eclampsia
Authors: Bolatai Alayi , He Yujing , Wu Na 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
An imbalance in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R) during pregnancy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and eclampsia. VEGF and its receptors change during the regulation of blood vessels as a result of risk factors such as familial genetics. These modifications include loss of original balance of serological indicators, upregulation or downregulation of growth factor indicators, and changes in the placenta, kidney, liver and other organs to varying degrees of damage. This has an impact on both the pregnant woman's and the fetus's health.

Main body
This paper summarizes the mechanisms of unbalanced VEGF and receptor expression based on data from relevant literature on GDM and eclampsia. An Imbalance in VEGF and its binding receptor is often associated with the occurrence of multiple pregnancy disorders. In recent years, researchers have focused on the potential role of VEGF and its receptors in the development of GDM and eclampsia.

Conclusion
This paper summarizes the different VEGF subtypes and their binding receptors, as well as mechanisms that cause GDM and eclampsia, in order to provide valuable data to inform monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis.