bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo optimum management of 241Am/Be disused sealed radioactive sources
Authors: Guembou Shouop Cebastien Joel , Mbida Mbembe Serge , Tayou Kamkumo Cedric , Beyala Ateba Jean Felix , Ndontchueng Moyo Maurice , Nguelem Mekongtso Eric Jilbert , Simo Augustin , Strivay David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe optimum encapsulation of 241Am/Be disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) based on PHITS Monte Carlo simulations for their long-term storage in Cameroon was performed. The country capacity for the management of disused neutron sources was also evaluated and showed that a Am1 P60 capsule is sufficient for the total available inventoried 241Am/Be DSRSs. The effective dose rate was computed in the enclosures of the DSRS container, which will be temporarily stored in the centralized radioactive waste facility. The obtained results were in agreement with the ALARA principle for the exposure rate optimization and the obtained exposure dose rates were found to be 1.830 μSv/h (horizontal calculation) and 0.137 μSv/h (vertical computation) which values are lower than the 2.5 μSv/h acceptable limit for the public area. The dose profile for 241Am/Be source obtained, the neutron flux, and gamma generated from neutron absorption showed agreement with the research hypothesis. The Monte Carlo assessment achieved in the present research will be useful for dismantling and preparing the waste package for long-term storage.
Formation of protonated water–hydrogen clusters in an ion trap mass spectrometer at room temperature
Authors: Mi Dongbo , Xu Junqiang , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhu Tenggao , Ouyang Jiewen , Dong Xiaofeng , Chingin Konstantin 
Published: January 2022

The formation of protonated water-hydrogen clusters, [H+(H2O)n·m(H2)], in an ion trap at room temperature is demonstrated through the association of protonated water clusters H+(H2O)n with H2 gas, without any cooling necessary.
Realization of Fomenko-Zieschang invariants in closed symplectic manifolds with contact singularities
Authors: Zot’ev D. B. , Sidel’nikov V. I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The topological bifurcations of Liouville foliations on invariant

-manifolds that are induced by attaching toric

-handles are investigated. It is shown that each marked molecule (Fomenko-Zieschang invariant) can be realized on an invariant submanifold of a closed symplectic manifold with contact singularities which is obtained by attaching toric

-handles sequentially to a set of symplectic manifolds, while these latter have the structures of locally trivial fibrations over

associated with atoms.
Bibliography: 10 titles.
Time minimization problem on the group of motions of a plane with admissible control in a half-disc
Authors: Mashtakov A. P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The time minimization problem with admissible control in a half-disc is considered on the group of motions of a plane. The control system under study provides a model of a car on the plane that can move forwards or rotate in place. Optimal trajectories of such a system are used to detect salient curves in image analysis. In particular, in medical image analysis such trajectories are used for tracking vessels in retinal images. The problem is of independent interest in geometric control theory: it provides a model example when the set of values of the control parameters contains zero at the boundary. The problem of controllability and existence of optimal trajectories is studied. By analysing the Hamiltonian system of the Pontryagin maximum principle the explicit form of extremal controls and trajectories is found. Optimality of the extremals is partially investigated. The structure of the optimal synthesis is described.
Bibliography: 33 titles.
Identification of alternative protein targets of glutamate-ureido-lysine associated with PSMA tracer uptake in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Bakht Martin K. , Hayward John J. , Shahbazi-Raz Farsheed , Skubal Magdalena , Tamura Ryo , Stringer Keith F. , Meister Daniel , Venkadakrishnan Varadha Balaji , Xue Hui , Pillon Adam , Stover Mathew , Tronchin Adam , Fifield Bre-Anne , Mader Lavleen , Ku Sheng-Yu , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kang Keon Wook , Wang Yuzhuo , Dong Xuesen , Beltran Himisha , Grimm Jan , Porter Lisa A. , Trant John F. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Glutamate-ureido-lysine (GUL) probes are specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), overexpressed by most prostate cancers. This antigen can be lost as the cancer progresses. Recent reports have indicated that GUL probes can still identify these PSMA-negative tumors, indicating that the expression of alternative PSMA-like proteins may change during disease progression. In this study we identified two such candidate protein targets, NAALADaseL and mGluR8, by using a combined computational chemistry, data mining, molecular biology, radiochemistry, and synthetic chemistry approach. This work consequently prepares the groundwork for developing specific probes that can identify this progression, indicates directions for neuroendocrine prostate cancer research, and highlights the utility of a multidisciplinary approach for the rapid identification of unidentified proteins interacting with diagnostic probes.
Synchronous inhibitory pathways create both efficiency and diversity in the retina
Authors: Manu Mihai , McIntosh Lane T. , Kastner David B. , Naecker Benjamin N. , Baccus Stephen A. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Complex connections in neural circuits make it difficult to quantitatively assign even the most basic neural computations to the actions of specific neurons. Retinal ganglion cells are most sensitive to changes in intensity across space and over time. This property, caused by a region known as the receptive field surround, improves information transmission about natural scenes. We dynamically manipulated individual interneurons to directly measure their effect on retinal receptive fields, finding that two inhibitory neuron types, horizontal cells and amacrine cells, synchronously create the same contribution to the receptive field surround at different spatial scales. By analyzing large populations of ganglion cells, we show that this arrangement increases diversity in retinal signaling while preserving maximal information transmission about natural scenes.
河南获嘉方言阳声韵所对应Z变韵形式的语音分析
Authors: Wei Mengyang 
Published: January 2022

摘要
本文分析了河南获嘉方言阳声韵所对应Z变韵形式的语音生成过程，笔者认为获嘉方言阳声韵基本韵母的早期形式在“加缀合音”、“合音变韵”、“韵尾变[-ŋ]”、“韵腹滋生介音[i]”、“音长趋普”、“单元音化”以及“主元音鼻化”规则的按顺序作用下就可以推导出合格的表层Z变韵形式。同时，本文对[-n]尾阳声韵基本韵母在Z变韵过程中发生的韵尾、韵腹主元音及韵头的变化情况分别进行了讨论。笔者认为Z变韵过程中，韵尾[-n]变韵尾[-ŋ]是后缀[u]在合音过程中被前一音节的韵尾鼻化后变音所致；韵腹主元音音质的变化则与Z变韵后期，咸山摄阳声韵所对应的Z变韵母走上与咸山摄阳声韵基本韵母一致的演变道路有关；而韵腹滋生介音[i]是[an]组和[en]组阳声韵基本韵母在合音变韵过程中分别混入[ai]组和[ei]组阴声韵进行演化的结果。通过对咸山摄阳声韵所对应Z变韵母的语音形式进行分析，本文进一步提出“变韵不一定由合音引起”的观点。
Brahmi’s children
Authors: Gnanadesikan Amalia E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA survey of modern descendants of Brahmi shows that the letter forms and various other features of the scripts vary, but the use of an inherent vowel and of dependent, satellite signs for other vowels is remarkably stable. Comparison is made to other scripts invented in the same geographic region, Thaana and Sorang Sompeng, and to the Arabic script as used in Arabic, Persian, Sorani Kurdish, Uyghur, and Kashmiri. Arabic scripts maintain uniform letter forms but vary considerably in their treatment of vowels. Cultural factors may explain the visual diversity of Brahmic scripts as compared to Arabic scripts. The stable combination of inherent vowel and satellite vowels derives from the decodability of simple aksharas into pronounceable syllabic units in the acquisition of reading. This akshara advantage is related to the psychological grain size theory of reading, with the additional claim that the syllable has special status because it is pronounceable.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in a monolayer MoS2 at carrier densities well above Mott density
Authors: Khatua Durga Prasad , Singh Asha , Gurung Sabina , Khan Salahuddin , Tanwar Manushree , Kumar Rajesh , Jayabalan J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to the growing interest in monolayer (ML) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in several optoelectronic applications like lasers, detectors, sensors, it is important to understand the ultrafast behavior of the excited carriers in this material. In this article, a comprehensive study of the charge carrier dynamics of a monolayer MoS2 flake has been studied using transient transmission technique near A-exciton under high excitation densities well above the Mott density. Fluence dependent studies has been carried out to understand the origin of the processes which modifies its optical response under excitation. The dissociation of excitons leads to an observed fast bandgap renormalization. At later times when large number of carriers relax the remaining carriers forms excitons leading to a bleaching effect.
Integrated spatial model based evaluation methodology for optimal invasive species management: common ragweed in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Chung Hye In , Choi Yuyoung , Yoo Youngjae , Engler Robin , Lee Kyungil , Jeon Seong Woo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Invasive species have become a global problem owing to their wide-ranging adverse effects. With intensifying climate change and artificial impacts (human-mediated disturbances), which exacerbate the adverse effects of invasive species, there is an urgent need to implement strategies for the management of these species. Various removal policies have been implemented globally to manage the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.,) Decs) owing to its high tendency to ‘spread’. Several studies on the control method, application of spatial perspective, and optimization have been conducted to establish and evaluate management strategies using different spatial models. Although each of these methods is essential for improving control efficiency, an integrated form of study is needed to determine the practicality of various policies. In this study, we developed an integrated spatial model using the species distribution model BIOMOD2, land change model LCM, dispersal model MigClim, and optimization model prioritizr, to construct an evaluation methodology. For modelling an optimal invasive species removal policy under climate change and human-mediated disturbances (2011–2079), we created two strategies from a spatial perspective, outside-in and inside-out, with the former entailing removal from the low-density outliers to the high-density centre of the colonized area and the latter processing in the opposite direction. The optimal removal sites for each strategy were set for each removal rate. Subsequently, a novel index, ‘removal effect index’, was proposed for the evaluation, in time series. The results indicate that the removal effect of the outside-in strategy was more effective, and the newly dispersed sites were efficiently removed. Furthermore, it was verified that with the implementation of the outside-in strategy having a removal rate of 65% by the 2070s, the species would be completely eradicated. Thus, this study is expected to help improve the efficiency of policy implementation for invasive species.
Reduced theory for hard magnetic rods with dipole–dipole interactions
Authors: Sano Tomohiko G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hard magnetic elastomers are composites of soft elastic foundations and magnetic particles with high coercivity. We formulate a theoretical framework to predict the large deformation of a hard magnetic elastomeric rod. In the previous work, the magnetic Kirchhoff rod equations, which constitute a framework for analyzing instabilities for hard magnetic rods, have been developed and validated experimentally for negligible dipole–dipole interactions. Building on previous studies, we derive the magnetic Kirchhoff rod equations with dipole–dipole interactions. The derived equations are integro-differential equations, representing the force and moment balance along the rod centerline that include long-ranged dipole-magnetic force and torque. On the basis of its discrete numerical simulation, we systematically study the effect of the the dipole–dipole interactions strength on the large deformation of hard magnetic rods. In addition, we find that our theory can predict previous experimental results without any adjustable parameters.
Increase efficiency and process optimization for an existing gas compressor station unit in Oil and Gas industry
Authors: Brezean Octavian Andrei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As most gas compression facilities in Romania are from the 60’s-80, there is an increased demand to increase their efficiency. The paper explains researches on energy, economic and functional efficiency of equipment and processes during the modernization of a compressor station in oil and gas industry. It is meant to serve as a general guide for methods and procedures usually used in the industry in Romania, to improve the efficiency of an existing compressor station.
Spray cryotherapy versus continued radiofrequency ablation in persistent Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Genere Juan Reyes , Visrodia Kavel , Zakko Liam , Hoefnagel Sanne J M , Wang Kenneth K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the first-line treatment for flat Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with dysplasia, however its role for persistent Barrett’s esophagus (PBE) is unclear. PBE requires additional RFA sessions or application of cryotherapy to improve therapeutic response. We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating cases of PBE treated by endoscopic eradication programs, with and without spray cryotherapy, and evaluated their safety and efficacy. We retrospectively identified patients with PBE, defined as ≤50% BE reduction or unchanged dysplasia after at least two RFA sessions. PBE was treated either by continued RFA (RFA Group) or converting to spray cryotherapy (CRYO Group), both followed by surveillance period. The rate of adverse events (AE), complete response of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) and complete response of dysplasia (CRD) were recorded. A total of 46 patients, 23 per group, underwent 622 endoscopic therapies. Circumferential BE length was longer in the CRYO Group, but other baseline characteristics were similar, including maximal BE length. Esophageal strictures accounted for 14/16 total AE, 71% of which were RFA related, compared with 14% related to spray cryotherapy (P = 0.02). Overall CRIM/CRD rates in CRYO (83%) and RFA (96%) groups were not statistically different (P = 0.16), however cases in the CRYO Group required more treatment encounters (Median 19 vs. 12, P ≤ 0.01). Multimodal endotherapy is effective for eradicating PBE. Treatment programs incorporating spray cryotherapy are associated with less esophageal strictures but may require more treatment sessions to achieve eradication.
OP13 Modified 2-stage vs. 3-stage ileal pouch-anal anastomosis result in equivalent long-term functional outcomes and pouch survival: A matched-pair analysis
Authors: Holubar MD- MS S , Prien C , Jia X , Liska D , Kessler H , Valente M , Lightner A , Gorgun E , Hull T , Steele S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Long-term outcomes data after modified 2-stage ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), defined as completion proctectomy (CP) and IPAA without loop ileostomy, is lacking. We aimed to describe long-term functional results, patient satisfaction, and pouch survival in a cohort of patients from a high-volume center. We hypothesized selective m2-stage can result in comparable long-term pouch survival relative to a 3-stage approach.

Methods
Our institutional ileal pouch database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent index IPAA surgery from 1983–2019. Adults &gt;18 years of age who underwent CP with IPAA were included. At our specialized institution, m2-stage is performed selectively based on surgeon judgement. Patients were stratified into 2 groups (3-stage vs m2-stage) and matched on a 1:1 basis based on age ±5, year of operation ±3, gender, preoperative diagnosis, double-stapled vs handsewn, and laparoscopy. Primary outcome was pouch survival, with pouch failure defined as permanent diversion, pouch excision, or conversion to a Kock pouch.

Results
In total, 2,433 patients were included, of whom 2,198 (90.3%) underwent 3-stage IPAA and 235 (9.7%) m2-stage IPAA. Matching resulted in 223 matched pairs, and long-term pouch survival (95.5% vs 93.2%, p=0.32) did not significantly differ (Figure 1). Short-term outcomes in the matched pairs revealed a shorter postoperative length of stay in the 3-stage patients (5 vs 8 days, p&lt;0.001), but no significant difference in postoperative complications (12.1% vs 17%, p=0.09) was seen between the matched 3-stage and m2-stage patients, respectively. Functionally, there was no difference in the number of stools/24 hours (7 vs 7, p=0.33) or in proportion of patients requiring seepage protection at night (29.7% vs 24.6%, p=0.31). However, 3-stage patients required significantly more seepage protection during the day (25.1% vs 15.0%, p=0.02). Regarding pouchitis, there was no difference in the proportion of patients reporting recent symptoms (33.4% vs 33.3%, p=1.0), episodes in the last year (0 vs 0, p=0.51), or pouchitis requiring continuous medication (16.7% vs 10.1%, p=0.10). Patient satisfaction was similar as no difference in the proportion of those who would have surgery again (90.4% vs 93.7%, p=0.34), those who would recommend surgery (94% vs 95.5%, p=0.68), or overall patient satisfaction with surgery on a scale of 1 – 10 (highest) (3 vs 7, p=0.07) was reported.
Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier curve for pouch survival (matched pairs)

Conclusion
Long-term outcomes were similar in patients who underwent modified 2-stage and 3-stage IPAA. Modified 2-stage IPAA is an alternative for selected patients with limited options if performed at high-volume centers in experienced hands.
DOP08 Transcriptional signatures of blood derived immune cells associated with disease location-based heterogeneity in IBD
Authors: Sudhakar P , Verstockt B , Cremer J , Verstockt S , Sabino J , Ferrante M , Vermeire S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Disease location is a prominent axis of heterogeneity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with many implications. Using genome-wide profiling of the transcriptome of monocytes and CD4+ T cells isolated and purified from whole blood, we aimed to identify molecular signatures and mechanisms associated with different locations among IBD patients.

Methods
Blood was collected from 125 IBD patients (87 CD, 38 UC) with endoscopy-proven active disease (presence of ulcerations). Cell separation and fluorescence activated cell sorting were performed to separate the monocyte and CD4+ T cell fractions, from which RNA was subsequently isolated and sequenced (Illumina HiSeq 4000NGS). We used different supervised and unsupervised approaches (differential expression, pathway based data integration, latent factor based models, regularized generalized canonical correlation analysis and co-expression networks) to interpret the differences in the gene expression datasets of monocytes and CD4+ T cells from patients with different disease locations (Montreal classification). Functional enrichment analysis was performed using the ReactomePA package. Regulatory relationships and therapeutic relevance information were retrieved from the ChEA3 and the OpenTargets resources respectively. Comparison with single-cell and bulk-derived gene expression signatures from other auto-immune diseases were performed using the ADEX resource.

Results
Highly variant disease-location (DL)-associated genes (FDR &lt;= 0.1) in monocytes and CD4+ T cells were identified using latent factor based unsupervised models. These genes were known to be involved in IBD pathogenesis and/or intestinal inflammation. Additional supervised analysis revealed significant differences in CD4+ T cells between ileal CD patients and UC patients. RAF-independent MAPK-activation pathway and FOXO-mediated transcriptional pathway (downregulated in UC patients) were over-represented (FDR &lt;= 0.05) among the features distinguishing ileal CD and UC patients based on signature sets derived from the above-mentioned multiple approaches. Of note was the finding that 12.5% of the DL associated co-expression modules were also annotated as IBD drug targets. Based on gene expression signature from bulk and single-cell sources, the DL associated genes were found to be active in many other auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, type 1 diabetes and Systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting their role in mediating immune malfunctions.

Conclusion
We identified signaling pathways and transcription factors which could drive the expression differences observed in the circulating immune cells between ileal CD and UC patients.
DOP20 Functional viral neutralisation responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients receiving infusion therapies: Report from the ICARUS-IBD Consortium
Authors: Wellens J , Edmans M , Obolski U , Marlow L , Brann S , Dunachie S , Eyre D , Helmus D , Barnes E , Colombel J F , Wong S Y , Klenerman P , Lindsay J O , Thompson C P , Satsangi J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent data have highlighted adverse clinical outcomes in IBD patients treated with infliximab/thiopurines (IFX/THIO) upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, as well as attenuated serological responses after infection and vaccination in patients treated with IFX. To provide mechanistic insight, we explored the serological and functional anti-viral response after infection in IBD patients treated with VDZ, IFX or IFX/THIO compared to healthy controls to guide clinical decision-making regarding treatment and vaccination strategies.

Methods
Serum from 640 IBD patients attending routine infusions in Oxford and London in May to December 2020 was screened for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses by the Abbott assay. Serum from seropositive patients was compared to seropositive health care workers (Table 1). Antibody reactivity to the SARS-CoV-2 wild type strain receptor-binding domain (RBD), full-length spike, and nucleocapsid was assayed by IgG/IgA ELISA over time as well as by IgG high-throughput MSD V-PLEX ELISA at the time of seropositivity. A pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralization assay was used to detect neutralising antibodies to the wild type, and an ELISA-based inhibition assay to compare differential inhibition of the wild type vs. delta variant SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2 interaction.

Results
All IBD patients showed significantly reduced IgG antibody responses compared to healthy controls for all SARS-CoV-2 antigens, using MSD V-PLEX ELISA (Figure 1). The greatest reduction in IgG response by ELISA was observed in individuals treated with IFX/THIO (p=0.00019), whereas IgG response over time declined significantly faster in the IFX treated group (p=0.019). IgA responses were significantly reduced in the IFX/THIO group compared to healthy controls (p=0.009), but not in the IFX or VDZ monotherapy group. The rate of decline in these monotherapy groups was also not significantly different to healthy controls. Functional SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation was significantly lower in all IBD patients compared to healthy controls, with the greatest reduction in patients receiving IFX/THIO (Figure 2A; p=0.00000091). The delta variant inhibition capacity was significantly reduced in 68.1% of IBD patients (30/44, Figure 2B; p=0.0005).

Conclusion
IFX/THIO is associated with significantly lower IgA and IgG responses, and with impaired functional SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody capacity, compared to healthy individuals. Whilst IgG and neutralisation responses are reduced in each group of IBD patients, these findings were most pronounced in the combination treatment group. As neutralising antibody responses are associated with protection, this observation may impact on decision-making regarding treatment and vaccination/antiviral strategies.