bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blessing or Curse? The Rise of Tourism‐Led Growth in Europe's Southern Periphery
Authors: Bürgisser Reto , Di Carlo Donato 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite being one of the world's major internationally traded services, tourism remains neglected within debates on European integration and growth models. We highlight the rise of tourism‐led growth in southern Europe and argue that the process of European integration has been a double‐edged sword, simultaneously incentivizing and forcing southern European economies to reap their comparative advantage in tourism. While European integration has created the preconditions for the expansion of intra‐European tourism, monetary integration pre‐empts macroeconomic management. Since the eurozone crisis, internal devaluation and fiscal austerity have suppressed the domestic growth drivers, inducing these governments towards an export‐led growth strategy. We document the emergence of unprecedented tourism‐related current account surpluses in southern Europe, driven strongly by tourism imports from the EMU core countries and the UK. Thus, while different export‐led growth strategies now coexist in the EMU, southern Europe's excessive reliance on international tourism for growth comes with severe pitfalls.
Dermoscopy of skin parasitoses, bites and stings: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Chauhan P. , Jindal R. , Errichetti E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBesides classic applications, dermoscopy has gained significant appreciation also for non‐tumoral dermatoses (general dermatology). In this field, skin parasitoses (infestations), bites and stings have been reported among the conditions that may benefit most from dermoscopic examination. However, published data on this topic are sparse and often lack a standardized analytical approach. In this systematic review of the literature, we sought to summarize available data on dermoscopy of cutaneous parasitoses, bites and stings, analysing dermoscopic features and used setting (polarization or not/magnification), pathological correlation and level of evidence of published studies as well as trying to align dermoscopic terminology of reported findings following a standardized methodology. A total of 150 publications addressing 29 different dermatoses and reporting 96 different dermoscopic findings were included in the analysis. Most of them displayed a level of evidence of V (113 single case reports and 36 case series), with only one study featuring a level of evidence of IV (case–control study). Additionally, our analysis also displayed poor uniformity in the terminology used in published articles (even for the same dermatosis). Therefore, albeit promising, dermoscopy of cutaneous parasitoses, bites and stings needs future systematized studies for a better characterization.
Artificial intelligence for the automated single‐shot assessment of psoriasis severity
Authors: Okamoto T. , Kawai M. , Ogawa Y. , Shimada S. , Kawamura T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPASI score is globally used to assess disease activity of psoriasis. However, it is relatively complicated and time‐consuming, and the score will vary due to the inconsistent subjectivity between dermatologists. Therefore, an AI system capable of assessing psoriasis severity will be useful.ObjectivesTo propose a simplified PASI system (Single‐Shot PASI) and associated AI models capable of assessing psoriasis severity.MethodsOverall, 705 psoriasis images of the trunk's front and back were used in our research. Considering the relatively small number of images, we used data augmentation techniques to expand the data. A psoriasis expert's scores were used as teacher data. Various convolutional neural network models and hyperparameters were adjusted using a fivefold cross‐validation. From these adjustments, we discovered that fine‐tuning Imagenet2012‐pretrained InceptionV3 whose last linear layer was replaced by a two‐layer perceptron (30 hidden units and five output units) exhibited the best performance.ResultsTo validate our deep learning system, 10 images were selected as test sets and were excluded from the training sets. The AI assessment of Single‐Shot PASI was almost consistent with the clinical severity. We examined whether AI assistance would affect human scoring. In this study, 13 dermatologists and 9 medical students were invited as evaluators. Mean absolute differences from AI scores and standard deviation among evaluators reduced with AI assistance. In addition, the evaluator's scores got close to the teacher's score with AI's assistance.ConclusionsWe proposed a Single‐Shot PASI system and developed an associated AI system capable of assessing psoriasis severity simply by uploading a single clinical image. An easy‐to‐use scoring system and our freely available AI software would help dermatologists and patients with psoriasis.
Nutritional problems of patients with COVID‐19 receiving dietetic treatment in primary care
Authors: Slotegraaf Anne I. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. , Wierdsma Nicolette J. , Weijs Peter J. M. , Kruizenga Hinke M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe nutritional problems of patients who are hospitalised for COVID‐19 are becoming increasingly clear. However, a large group of patients have never been hospitalised and also appear to experience persistent nutritional problems. The present study describes the nutritional status, risk of sarcopaenia and nutrition‐related complaints of patients recovering from COVID‐19 receiving dietetic treatment in primary care.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, data were collected during dietetic treatment by a primary care dietitian between April and December 2020. Both patients who had and had not been admitted to the hospital were included at their first visit to a primary care dietitian. Data on nutritional status, risk of sarcopaenia and nutrition‐related complaints were collected longitudinally.ResultsData from 246 patients with COVID‐19 were collected. Mean ± SD age was 57 ± 16 years and 61% of the patient population was female. At first consultation, two thirds of patients were classified as overweight or obese (body mass index >25 kg m–2). The majority had experienced unintentional weight loss because of COVID‐19. Additionally, 55% of hospitalised and 34% of non‐hospitalised patients had a high risk of sarcopaenia. Most commonly reported nutrition‐related complaints were decreased appetite, shortness of breath, changed or loss of taste and feeling of being full. Nutrition‐related complaints decreased after the first consultation, but remained present over time.ConclusionsIn conclusion, weight changes, risk of sarcopaenia and nutrition‐related complaints were prevalent in patients with COVID‐19, treated by a primary care dietitian. Nutrition‐related complaints improved over time, but remained prevalent until several months after infection.
Factors associated with satisfaction and depressed mood among nursing home workers during the covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Navarro‐Prados Ana Belén , García‐Tizón Sara Jiménez , Meléndez Juan Carlos , López Javier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis paper aims to examine the satisfaction and depressed mood experienced by nursing home workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated variables. Specifically, to analyse the factors that may contribute to nursing home workers developing adaptive behaviours that promote satisfaction or, on the contrary, show characteristics associated with a negative mood.BackgroundNursing homes have faced unprecedented pressures to provide appropriately skills to meet the demands of the coronavirus outbreak.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design using the STROBE checklist.MethodsProfessionals working in nursing homes (n = 165) completed an online survey measuring sociodemographic and professional characteristics, burnout, resilience, experiential avoidance, satisfaction with life and depression. Data were collected online from April to July 2021, the time in which Spain was experiencing its fifth wave of COVID‐19. Two multiple linear regression models were performed to identify salient variables associated with depressive mood and satisfaction.ResultsResilience, personal accomplishment and satisfaction had a significant and negative relationship with depression and emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and experiential avoidance had a positive relationship with depression. However, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and experiential avoidance had a negative and significant relationship with satisfaction and personal accomplishment, and resilience had a positive and significant relationship with satisfaction. In addition, it was found that accepting thoughts and emotions when they occur is beneficial for developing positive outcomes such as satisfaction.ConclusionsExperiential avoidance was an important predictor of the effects that the COVID‐19 pandemic can have on nursing home workers.Relevance to Clinical PracticeInterventions focusing on resources that represent personal strengths, such as acceptance, resilience and personal accomplishment, should be developed.No Patient or Public ContributionThe complex and unpredictable circumstances of COVID's strict confinement in the nursing home prohibited access to the centres for external personnel and family members. Contact with the professionals involved could not be made in person but exclusively through online systems. However, professionals related to the work environment have subsequently valued this research positively as it analyses ‘How they felt during this complicated process’.
Obesity and neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions among adolescents aged 10–17 years: The National Survey of Children's Health 2017–2018
Authors: Buro Acadia W , Salinas‐Miranda Abraham , Marshall Jennifer , Gray Heewon L , Kirby Russell S 
Published: June 2022

AimAdolescents have a high prevalence of obesity and neurodevelopmental and mental health co‐occurring conditions. This study examined the association between obesity and several co‐occurring conditions – autism spectrum disorder (ASD); intellectual disability; learning disability; stuttering, stammering or other speech problems; developmental delay; attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder; epilepsy or seizure disorder; cerebral palsy; depression; anxiety; and Tourette Syndrome – in adolescents aged 10–17 years (n = 26 266) using 2017–2018 National Survey of Children's Health data.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used 2017–2018 National Survey of Children's Health data (n = 27 328); χ2 tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of obesity and several co‐occurring conditions. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to adjust for age, gender, race/ethnicity and household income.ResultsObesity prevalence was 15.3%. Adolescents with ASD (25.1%) and epilepsy/seizure disorder (27.8%) had the greatest obesity prevalence. Adjusting for socio‐demographic characteristics, odds of obesity were higher in those with ASD (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.6), learning disability (OR 1.5, CI 1.2–2.0), epilepsy or seizure disorder (OR 2.2, CI 1.2–3.8) and depression (OR 2.0, CI 1.6–2.5). For all regression analyses, odds of obesity were higher among adolescents who were non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic and low‐income.ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of obesity in adolescents with ASD, learning disability, epilepsy or seizure disorder, and depression demonstrates the need to attend to their nutrition and physical activity needs. Future research should examine obesity risk factors among adolescents with specific neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as racial or ethnic minority and low‐income populations, to properly tailor obesity prevention services.
COVID‐19‐associated hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Dupuis Michel , Ronot Maxime , Asselah Tarik , Bodard Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCases of coronary and pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms secondary to COVID‐19 have been reported in the literature and are supposed to be secondary to inflammatory and vasculitis processes linked to a viral multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Although the incidence of COVID‐19‐associated liver injury ranges from 14% to 53% in hospitalized patients, COVID‐19‐associated hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms have never been reported so far. We present the case of a patient whose follow‐up CT after cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma revealed seven fusiform pseudoaneurysms of the two hepatic arteries secondary to COVID‐19. Anticoagulant or anti‐inflammatory treatments were not introduced. Vascular lesions were unchanged on the 3‐month follow‐up CT. At 6‐month CT, the proximal pseudoaneurysm was replaced by a proximal occlusion of the accessory RHA.
Delayed concentration effect models for dabigatran anticoagulation
Authors: Eaton Michael P. , Nadtochiy Sergiy M. , Stefanos Tatsiana , LeMoine Dana , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionDabigatran is an anticoagulant with potential use during cardiopulmonary bypass in children and adults. The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship for dabigatran anticoagulation effect was investigated in an intact animal model using rabbits.MethodsTen male New Zealand white rabbits were given a novel preparation of intravenous dabigatran 15 mg.kg−1. Blood samples were collected for activated clotting time, thromboelastometric reaction time, and drug assay at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300, and 420 min. Plasma dabigatran concentrations and coagulation measures were analyzed using an integrated pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model using nonlinear mixed effects. Effects (activated clotting and thromboelastometric reaction times) were described using a sigmoidal EMAX model. Pharmacokinetic parameters were scaled using allometry and standardized to a 70 kg size standard. Pharmacodynamics were investigated using both an effect compartment model and an indirect response (turnover) model.ResultsA two‐compartment model described dabigatran pharmacokinetics with a clearance (CL 0.135 L.min−1.70 kg−1), intercompartment clearance (Q 0.33 L.min−1.70 kg−1), central volume of distribution (V1 12.3 L.70 kg−1), and peripheral volume of distribution (V2 30.1 L.70 kg−1). The effect compartment model estimates for a sigmoid EMAX model with activated clotting time had an effect site concentration (Ce50 20.1 mg.L−1) eliciting half of the maximal effect (EMAX 899 s) and a Hill coefficient (N 0.66). The equilibration half time (T1/2keo) was 1.4 min. Results for the reaction time were plasma concentration (Cp50 65.3 mg.L−1), EMAX 34 min, N 0.80 with a baseline thromboelastometric reaction time of 0.4 min. The equilibration half time (T1/2keo) was 2.04 min.ConclusionsDabigatran reversibly binds to the active site on the thrombin molecule, preventing thrombin‐mediated activation of coagulation factors. The effect compartment model performed slightly better than the turnover model and was able to adequately capture pharmacodynamics for both activated clotting and thromboelastometric reaction times. The equilibration half time was short (<2 min). These data can be used to inform future animal preclinical studies for those undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. These preclinical data also demonstrate the magnitude of parameter values for a delayed effect compartment model that are applicable to humans.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of celiac plexus neurolysis for abdominal pain associated with unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Okita Muneyori , Otani Kazuki , Gibo Noriaki , Matsui Shigeyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionCeliac plexus neurolysis (CPN) has been developed as adjunctive therapy to medical management (MM) of abdominal pain associated with unresectable pancreatic cancer. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to obtain updated and more accurate evidence on the efficacy of additional types of CPN, including endoscopic ultrasound‐guided CPN (EUS‐CPN).MethodsOn March 16, 2021, we performed searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and CENTRAL for original randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We defined the primary outcome as a standardized pain intensity score with a range of 0–10, and evaluated the mean difference between the CPN + MM and MM groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment. We used a random‐effects model to synthesize the mean differences across RCTs.ResultsWe selected 10 RCTs involving 646 individuals. The synthesized mean difference in the pain intensity score between the CPN + MM and MM groups was −0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.09 to −0.07) (p = 0.034) in favor of CPN + MM at 4 weeks, −0.46 (95%CI: −1.00 to 0.08) (p = 0.081) at 8 weeks, and − 1.35 (95%CI: −3.61 to 0.92) (p = 0.17) at 12 weeks.ConclusionsThis updated meta‐analysis of CPN demonstrates its efficacy for managing abdominal pain at 4 weeks. Although there are various limitations, when abdominal pain in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer is poorly controlled with MM alone, CPN should be an option even if the duration of effect is short‐lived, taking into account the absence of serious adverse events.
Physiological trait networks enhance understanding of crop growth and water use in contrasting environments
Authors: Gleason Sean M. , Barnard Dave M. , Green Timothy R. , Mackay Scott , Wang Diane R. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Altenhofen Jon , Brodribb Timothy J. , Cochard Hervé , Comas Louise H. , Cooper Mark , Creek Danielle , DeJonge Kendall C. , Delzon Sylvain , Fritschi Felix B. , Hammer Graeme , Hunter Cameron , Lombardozzi Danica , Messina Carlos D. , Ocheltree Troy , Stevens Bo Maxwell , Stewart Jared J. , Vadez Vincent , Wenz Joshua , Wright Ian J. , Yemoto Kevin , Zhang Huihui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant function arises from a complex network of structural and physiological traits. Explicit representation of these traits, as well as their connections with other biophysical processes, is required to advance our understanding of plant‐soil‐climate interactions. We used the Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator (TREES) to evaluate physiological trait networks in maize. Net primary productivity (NPP) and grain yield were simulated across five contrasting climate scenarios. Simulations achieving high NPP and grain yield in high precipitation environments featured trait networks conferring high water use strategies: deep roots, high stomatal conductance at low water potential (“risky” stomatal regulation), high xylem hydraulic conductivity and high maximal leaf area index. In contrast, high NPP and grain yield was achieved in dry environments with low late‐season precipitation via water conserving trait networks: deep roots, high embolism resistance and low stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential (“conservative” stomatal regulation). We suggest that our approach, which allows for the simultaneous evaluation of physiological traits, soil characteristics and their interactions (i.e., networks), has potential to improve our understanding of crop performance in different environments. In contrast, evaluating single traits in isolation of other coordinated traits does not appear to be an effective strategy for predicting plant performance.
Religious and cultural aspects of organ donation: Narrowing the gap through understanding different religious beliefs
Authors: Doerry Katja , Oh Jun , Vincent Deirdre , Fischer Lutz , Schulz‐Jürgensen Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe supply of viable organ donations falls significantly below the demand. Discrepancies concerning the availability of transplants cannot be explained solely by the various consent models used in different countries. There is evidence that religious beliefs of patients, potential donors, and healthcare professionals also play an important role in the decision‐making process. However, to date, very little research has been conducted on the consequences of specific religious beliefs on transplantation rates. The aim of this review was to outline the religious views of Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, and Buddhists on organ donation. Additionally, different approaches to address this topic throughout the world are presented and can function as a helpful background for medical professionals.MethodsThe umbrella organizations of the five largest religious movements were asked for written statements concerning the subject of organ transplantation, and a literature review was performed.ResultsAll German religious umbrella organizations have a positive view on organ donation, if certain rules are respected. Particularly, deceased donations are supported as a sign of altruism, love, and respect for another human being. Different aspects of the transplant process (e.g., consent, brain death, and respect for the dead body) are particularly stressed in some religions.ConclusionsIn general, the religious groups addressed here are in favor of organ donations. Nevertheless, there are important particularities to be considered. Hopefully, understanding the different religious views on organ donations will help in reducing religious concerns about transplantation and narrowing the gap between the need and the availability of organ donations.
Role of land‐cover and WUI types on spatio‐temporal dynamics of fires in the French Mediterranean area
Authors: Chappaz François , Ganteaume Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work aims at assessing, in the French Mediterranean area, the spatio‐temporal trends of fires, including their causes, at fine scale (communities), comparing different periods between 1993 and 2017. These trends were compared to those of land‐cover and wildland‐urban interface (WUI) which were coupled with a spatial analysis of the ignitions in order to highlight the main drivers and preferential areas. Fire density was highly variable among communities, hotspots being located mostly close to big cities but spatially varying in time in contrast to fire occurrence and burned area. A decrease in the unknown cause proportion and a variation of the cause frequency were highlighted among periods, criminal fires being the most frequent and deleterious, especially before 2009, as well as those due to negligence during private activities, mostly after 2009. Land cover classes significantly varied among periods, artificialized and natural areas presenting a reversed trend compared with agricultural areas. Natural areas were the most affected by ignitions (60%), regardless of the period; this trend is slowly decreasing. WUI represented ∼30% of the study area, the different types varying spatially (denser clustered types mostly located in the South‐East) and showed an increase over time, especially for both clustered types but with high variability among communities. Half of the ignitions occurred in WUI, with “very dense clustered” and “scattered” types being the most affected, especially in 2009. Better understanding the spatio‐temporal evolution of fires and of their causes should allow refining the fire policies in terms of awareness raising, firefighting means, and land management.
Postoperative Psychological Factors Are Associated With Perceived Improvement Following Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Jochimsen Kate N. , Doorley James D. , Vranceanu Ana-Maria , Noehren Brian , Duncan Stephen T. , Jacobs Cale A. 
Published: June 2022

Psychological factors are receiving increased attention for their role in musculoskeletal health, surgical outcomes, and patient-reported outcome measures. This study examined if preoperative and 3-month postoperative pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and self-efficacy differ between patients who report greater versus less than 75% overall improvement from baseline to 3 months after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Of 43 patients, 13 (30.2%) reported <75% improvement 3 months after surgery. Patients who reported <75% improvement had higher pain catastrophizing (p = .04), higher kinesiophobia (p = .02), and lower self-efficacy (p = .007) 3 months after surgery. None of the preoperative psychological factors differed between groups (p ≥ .67). Findings suggest that patients with maladaptive psychological responses 3 months following surgery may also perceive suboptimal surgical improvement.