bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To share or not to share vector registers?
Authors: Pietrzyk Johannes , Krause Alexander , Habich Dirk , Lehner Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuery execution techniques in database systems constantly adapt to novel hardware features to achieve high query performance, in particular for analytical queries. In recent years, vectorization based on the Single Instruction Multiple Data parallel paradigm has been established as a state-of-the-art approach to increase single-query performance. However, since concurrent analytical queries running in parallel often access the same columns and perform a same set of vectorized operations, data accesses and computations among different queries may be executed redundantly. Various techniques have already been proposed to avoid such redundancy, ranging from concurrent scans via the construction of materialized views to applying multiple query optimization techniques. Continuing this line of research, we investigate the opportunity of sharing vector registers for concurrently running queries in analytical scenarios in this paper. In particular, our novel sharing approach relies on processing data elements of different queries together within a single vector register. As we are going to show, sharing vector registers to optimize the execution of concurrent analytical queries can be very beneficial in single-threaded as well as multi-thread environments. Therefore, we demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of such a novel work sharing strategy and thus open up a wide spectrum of future research opportunities.
The duration and severity of the allergenic pollen season in Istanbul, and the role of meteorological factors
Authors: Zemmer Franziska , Dahl Åslög , Galán Carmen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInformation on the allergenic pollen season provides insight on the state of the environment of a region and facilitates allergy symptom management. We present a retrospective analysis of the duration and severity of the allergenic pollen season and the role of meteorological factors in Istanbul, Turkey. Aerobiological sampling from January 2013 to June 2016, pollen identification and counting followed current standard methodology. Pollen seasons were defined according to 95% of the Annual Pollen Integral (APIn) and the season start date was compared with the first day of 5 day consecutive non-zero records. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were created to study the effect of meteorological factors on flowering. The main pollen contributors were taxa of temperate and Mediterranean climates, and neophytic Ambrosia. Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Pinaceae, Quercus and Ambrosia had the greatest relative abundance. The pollen season defined on 95% of the APIn was adequate for our location with total APIns around 10.000 pollen*day*m−3. Woody taxa had generally shorter seasons than herbaceous taxa. In trees, we see precipitation as the main limiting factor for assimilate production prior to anthesis. A severe tree pollen season in 2016 suggests intense synchronous flowering across taxa and populations triggered by favourable water supply in the preceding year. GAM models can explain the effect of weather on pollen concentrations during anthesis. Under the climatic conditions over the study period, temperature had a negative effect on spring flowering trees, and a positive one on summer flowering weeds. Humidity, atmospheric pressure and precipitation had a negative effect on weeds. Our findings contribute to environmental and allergological knowledge in southern Europe and Turkey with relevancy in the assessment of impacts of climate change and the management of allergic disease.
Counterfactual explanations and how to find them: literature review and benchmarking
Authors: Guidotti Riccardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInterpretable machine learning aims at unveiling the reasons behind predictions returned by uninterpretable classifiers. One of the most valuable types of explanation consists of counterfactuals. A counterfactual explanation reveals what should have been different in an instance to observe a diverse outcome. For instance, a bank customer asks for a loan that is rejected. The counterfactual explanation consists of what should have been different for the customer in order to have the loan accepted. Recently, there has been an explosion of proposals for counterfactual explainers. The aim of this work is to survey the most recent explainers returning counterfactual explanations. We categorize explainers based on the approach adopted to return the counterfactuals, and we label them according to characteristics of the method and properties of the counterfactuals returned. In addition, we visually compare the explanations, and we report quantitative benchmarking assessing minimality, actionability, stability, diversity, discriminative power, and running time. The results make evident that the current state of the art does not provide a counterfactual explainer able to guarantee all these properties simultaneously.
Water quality and trophic status of Lake Mariut in Egypt and its drainage water after 8-year diversion
Authors: Shaaban Nashwa A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater resource management and lake rehabilitation are global interest, to overcome the acute water scarcity facing most urban areas, especially in developing countries. Lake Mariut (LM) is an Egyptian lake that lies south of the Mediterranean Sea, and its management had a great interest in Alexandria’s future development and as a part of the environmental sustainability of the Mediterranean basin. LM consists of 4 major basins, namely, main (MB), northwest (NWB), southwest (SWB), and fishery (FB). The MB has deteriorated as it consistently received (sewage and industrial) wastewaters till 2010. This was the date of diversion of the polluting sources as a rehabilitation step. The present work is made after elapsing 8 years from the diversion and aims at monitoring and assessing the status of the water quality not only of MB but also for the other 3 basins too. This was carried out twice, one in cold winter and the other in warm summer. The parameters studied were physico-chemical including water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen/hydrogen sulfide (DO/H2S), salinity, and chlorophyll a besides nutrient salts (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P compounds). The results revealed that the waters of both MB and SWB basins were depleted in DO to a level difficult to sustain fish life and showed elevated levels of most nutrient salts. Trophically, all the studied basins were in eutrophic-hypereutrophic condition. As a result of pollution source diversion away from MB to be discharged in the downstream part of Umum Drain (UD), the levels of TN and TP entering Mex Bay through UD were slightly higher than the permissible limit and lower than dangerous loading. The applying of principle component analysis (PCA)-based classification approach, for obtaining the WQI on the current study, revealed that the FB, NWB, and SWB2000 showed a relatively good water quality when compared with MB. The depletion in the vital DO is catastrophic and needs urgent solution/s. One of the proposed solutions is the dredging of bottom spoiled organic-rich sediments. This and other suggested solutions are, however, discussed, evaluated, and presented.
A feature extraction method for person re-identification based on a two-branch CNN
Authors: Yang Bo , Shan Yao , Peng Rui , Li Jian , Chen Shaohui , Li Linlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA two-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for feature extraction in person re-identification (re-ID) based on video surveillance is proposed. Highly discriminative person features are obtained by extracting both global and local features. Moreover, an adaptive triplet loss function based on the original triplet loss function is proposed and is used in the network training process, resulting in a significantly improved learning efficiency. The experimental results on open datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The epistemology of thought experiments without exceptionalist ingredients
Authors: Irikefe Paul O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper argues for two interrelated claims. The first is that the most innovative contribution of Timothy Williamson, Herman Cappelen, and Max Deutsch (a.k.a., the intuition deniers) in the debate about the epistemology of thought experiments is not the denial of intuition and the claim of the irrelevance of experimental philosophy but the claim of epistemological continuity and the rejection of philosophical exceptionalism. The second is that a better way of implementing the claim of epistemological continuity is not Deutsch and Cappelen’s argument view or Williamson’s folk psychological view (i.e., off-line simulation). This is so because while the argument view makes the basis of the relevant classificational judgement evidentially too demanding; the folk psychological view makes it too weak and error-prone to count as an adequate explanation. Drawing from a certain reading of Aristotle’sNichomachean Ethicsthat flowers in Miranda Fricker and John McDowell, I argue for the reason-responsiveness view. Like the extant views, the reason-responsiveness view vindicates the claim of epistemological continuity. But unlike the extant views, it does not share those problematic features. Further, I show that the reason-responsiveness view offers a way for champions of the claim of epistemological continuity to resist Avner Baz’s objection to the claim of epistemological continuity and his objection to the philosophical use of thought experiments while taking on board some attractive elements of his view.
Fern and lycophyte niche displacement under predicted climate change in Honduras
Authors: Pie Marcio R. , Batke Sven P. , Reyes-Chávez Johan , Dallimore Thom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFerns and lycophytes are excellent model organisms to investigate the effect of climate change on species niches, due to their high sensitivity to changes in temperature and precipitation. In Honduras, this species group is particularly diverse with over 713 known taxa. However, we currently lack a quantitative assessment of the impact that changes in climate might have on these species. This study aimed (1) to explore the structure of the available climatic conditions across the entire country; (2) to determine the extent to which the available climatic space is occupied by different fern and lycophyte species; and (3) to assess which regions of climatic space will be most affected according to scenarios of climate change. We analyzed a newly developed database of herbarium fern records (n = 11,791) and used ordination models to compare the climatic niche of all Honduran fern and lycophyte taxa under present and future climates. We found that species were distributed throughout most of the available climatic space. Under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 projections 128 to 391 species will have their average niche positions outside of the predicted available climatic space by the years 2049–2099. Particularly affected will be species that grow in low temperature and high precipitation areas, which represent high altitude parks, such as Celaque National Park. Epiphytes showed smaller variance in their climatic niches than terrestrial species. However, terrestrial species showed higher loss in climate space (e.g., 82.9% vs. 17.1% for RCP8.5) and are more likely to be at risk in the future. In general, Honduras is expected to become drier, with more extreme events of severe drought. Considering that ferns are particularly sensitive to changes in climate, if tested in the future, they could be used as a proxy for other Honduran plant taxa.
Spatial confinement effects of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at reduced air pressures
Authors: Hao Zhongqi , Deng Zhiwei , Liu Li , Shi Jiulin , He Xingdao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpatial confinement is a simple and cost-effective method for enhancing signal intensity and improving the detection sensitivity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). However, the spatial confinement effects of LIBS under different pressures remains a question to be studied, because the pressure of the ambient gas has a significant influence on the temporal and spatial evolution of plasma. In this study, spatial confinement effects of LIBS under a series of reduced air pressures were investigated experimentally, and the plasma characteristics under different air pressures were studied. The results show that the reduced air pressure can lead to both earlier onset and weakening of the enhancement effect of the spatial confinement on the LIBS line intensity. When the air pressure drops to 0.1 kPa, the enhancement effect of the emission intensity no longer comes from the compression of the reflected shock wave on the plasma, but from the cavity’s restriction of the plasma expansion space. In conclusion, the enhancement effect of spatial confinement technology on the LIBS is still effective when the pressure is reduced, which further expands the research and application field of spatial confinement technology.
Graphical abstract
The numbers of fungi: contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding
Authors: Phukhamsakda Chayanard , Nilsson Rolf Henrik , Bhunjun Chitrabhanu S. , de Farias Antonio Roberto Gomes , Sun Ya-Ru , Wijesinghe Subodini N. , Raza Mubashar , Bao Dan-Feng , Lu Li , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Dong Wei , Tennakoon Danushka S. , Tian Xing-Guo , Xiong Yin-Ru , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Cai Lei , Luo Zong-Long , Wang Yong , Manawasinghe Ishara S. , Camporesi Erio , Kirk Paul M. , Promputtha Itthayakorn , Kuo Chang-Hsin , Su Hong-Yan , Doilom Mingkwan , Li Yu , Fu Yong-Ping , Hyde Kevin D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches. There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species, but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000, a tiny fraction of the total. In this paper, we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions, and introduce new species in each genus. To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species, we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery. We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification. The genera are Apiospora, Bambusicola, Beltrania, Capronia, Distoseptispora, Endocalyx, Neocatenulostroma, Neodeightonia, Paraconiothyrium, Peroneutypa, Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa. We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITS (barcode) sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE. We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts. We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.
Fractionation of sugar beet pulp polysaccharides into component sugars and pre-feasibility analysis for further valorisation
Authors: Glaser Sara Jonsdottir , Abdelaziz Omar Y. , Demoitié Corentin , Galbe Mats , Pyo Sang-Hyun , Jensen John P. , Hatti-Kaul Rajni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a by-product formed in large amounts during the production of refined sugar and is currently used as a low-cost feed for livestock. The dry SBP comprises largely three polysaccharides (75–85%), cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, whose component sugars constitute potential valuable feedstock for producing building blocks for chemicals and materials. In the present study, a simple and integrated process for the fractionation of SBP polysaccharides into streams enriched with corresponding sugars is developed. Initial screening of several pectinase preparations (from Novozymes) for the treatment of dry SBP (at initial pH 4.0, 50 °C) showed Pectinase ME to release the maximum amount of galacturonic acid (GalU) along with high amounts of arabinose (Ara). On the other hand, subjecting the SBP to acid hydrolysis using 0.64 M sulphuric acid at 80 °C was relatively selective in solubilising mainly Ara (71.3% of the initial content), and the subsequent treatment with Pectinase ME solubilised 68.5% of the initial GalU content. Treatment of the residual solid fraction with cellulases released 81.9% of the original glucose content. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed the presence of oligomers ranging from dimers to pentamers in the acid and pectinase hydrolysates. Mass-balance based process analysis of 1000 kgdry/h SBP biorefinery using the three-stage fractionation of sugars and further valorization to arabitol, mucic acid and levulinic acid, respectively, indicated the potential economic feasibility and value addition of SBP, which is currently sold at 200 US$/t as animal feed. Recycling of water and catalysts would be important for reducing waste generation and improving environmental performance.
Identification and quantification of valuable platform chemicals in aqueous product streams from a preliminary study of a large pilot-scale steam explosion of woody biomass using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ghoreishi Solmaz , Løhre Camilla , Hermundsgård Dag Helge , Molnes Joakim Lindgaard , Tanase-Opedal Mihaela , Brusletto Rune , Barth Tanja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Steam explosion breaks down the polymeric matrix and enables the recovery of valuable compounds from lignocellulosic feedstock. In the steam explosion process, biomass is treated with high-pressure steam which subsequently generates large quantities of a condensed aqueous liquid (process effluent) and a filtered aqueous liquid (filtrate) that contain furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methylfurfural, methanol, and acetic acid as major constituents. This study addresses the identification and quantification of value-added chemicals in the aqueous product streams using quantitative analytical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with water suppression. This work reports a screening study for two different types of sawdust (Norway spruce and birch) at two different scales (4 L and 10 L reactors) using different reaction temperatures (190–223 °C) and corresponding pressures (13–24 bar), with and without the addition of SO2 gas. The duration of all experiments was 8 min. The process effluents contained acetic acid, methanol, formic acid, 5-methylfurfural, and furfural. Acetic acid (0.5 g/kg dry input biomass) and furfural (1.0 g/kg dry input biomass) were more abundant than methanol, formic acid, and 5-methylfurfural for both feedstocks. The addition of SO2 increased the furfural yields, indicating more efficient hydrolysis of hemicelluloses under acidic conditions. Filtrate samples also contained 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, with the highest concentrations (5.7–6.0 g/kg dry input biomass) in the filtrates from spruce. The different feedstocks and steam explosion temperatures strongly influenced the overall yields of the target compounds, in some cases tripling the concentrations. The results can be used to improve the profit margins in a pellets and chemicals biorefinery, as demonstrated in the ArbaOne pellets plant.
Hilbert series of parallelogram polyominoes
Authors: Qureshi Ayesha Asloob , Rinaldo Giancarlo , Romeo Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a conjecture about the reduced Hilbert series of the coordinate ring of a simple polyomino in terms of particular arrangements of non-attacking rooks that can be placed on the polyomino. By using a computational approach, we prove that the above conjecture holds for all simple polyominoes up to rank 11. In addition, we prove that the conjecture holds true for the class of parallelogram polyominoes, by looking at those as simple planar distributive lattices. Finally, we give a combinatorial interpretation of the Gorensteinness of parallelogram polyominoes.
Work Overload and Addictive Social Media Use: A Relationship with Depression Symptoms and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Frahsek Marc , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWork overload is highly related to mental health issues. Online social media are often used to escape the feelings of overload. In the current study, 291 employees from various job sectors completed an online survey related to work overload, addictive social media use (SMU), and mental health (i.e., depression symptoms, life satisfaction). Work overload was significantly positively associated with addictive SMU (r = 0.209, p < 0.001) and depression symptoms (r = 0.190, p < 0.001). The relationship between work overload and life satisfaction was significantly negative (r = −0.175, p < 0.001). Moreover, addictive SMU significantly mediated the association between work overload and depression symptoms (total effect: p = 0.002, direct effect: p = 0.052), and the association between work overload and life satisfaction (total effect: p = 0.006, direct effect: p = 0.064). The present result reveals that high work overload could foster addictive SMU that could impact employees’ mental health. Therefore, the attention of employees and employers should be attracted to the potential negative consequences of intensive SMU. The integration of measures such as a temporary “social media detox” and enhanced physical activity in the policy of various organizations could be an important step to protect employees’ mental health and to maintain their productivity.
Beyond transparency: architectural application of robotically fabricated polychromatic float glass
Authors: Giesecke Rena , Clemente Rémy , Mitropoulou Ioanna , Skevaki Eleni , Peterhans Christian Thiago , Dillenburger Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research investigates robotically fabricated polychromatic float glass for architectural applications. Polychromatic glass elements usually require labor-intensive processes or are limited to film applications of secondary materials onto the glass. Previous research employs computer numerical control (CNC) based multi-channel granule deposition to manufacture polychromatic relief glass; however, it is limited in motion, channel control, and design space. To expand the design and fabrication space for the manufacture of mono-material polychromatic glass elements, this paper presents further advancements using a UR robotic arm with an advanced multi-channel dispenser, linear and curved-paths granule deposition, customized color pattern design approaches, and a computational tool for the prediction and rendering of outcomes. A large-scale demonstrator serves as a case study for upscaling. Robotic multi-channel deposition and tailored computational design tools are employed to facilitate a full-scale installation consisting of eighteen large glass panels. Novel optical properties include locally varying color, opacity, and texture filter light and view. The resulting product constructs sublime architectural experiences through light refraction, reflection, color, opacity - beyond mere transparency.