bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GERT analysis of UAV transport technological cycles when used in precision agriculture
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovalev D I , Voroshilova A A , Podoplelova V A , Borovinsky D A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article discusses a new stage in the development of the agricultural sphere, associated with the use of precision farming technologies. It is shown that the development of precision farming technology requires a higher level of technical support based on the use of unmanned aerial systems that perform differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers according to a given field treatment program. A stochastic GERT-model of the UAV transport technological cycle is proposed. The loss of UAV performance over time serves as a criterion in the risk analysis of UAV transport technological cycles. This paper proposes a method for determining the quantitative characteristics of the risks of UAV transport units as a local criterion for the predicted amount of downtime and losses. A new method for calculating the quantitative values of the risk of UAV downtime, as the main link in the precision farming system in one transport technological cycle, is proposed based on the procedures of stochastic graphs.
Analysis of heat and moisture content inside the ridge in ridge cotton growing
Authors: Shaimardanov B P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
On the basis of theoretical developments of recent years it was established that there is a certain dependence between soil density and productivity of agricultural crops and that for different biological groups of plants there is a certain value of soil, under which the best conditions for their growth and development are created. In this connection it was recommended to pay special attention to identification of relation between soil density and its water-air, biological and nutritive regimes. Results of researches showed that the best water-physical parameters, good biological and nutritious regime in typical sierozem and meadow non-saline medium-loamy soils is at volume weight equal to 1.1-1.34 g/cm3, and for light sierozem medium-loamy, medium saline - 1.2-1.4 g/cm3, etc. In order to create and maintain optimum compaction of arable soil during long period of vegetation it is necessary to change technology of ridge cultivation of cotton. The change consists in making ridging in spring and sowing cotton seeds on them without early spring and pre-sowing tillage. With sowing of seeds by seeders, drip irrigation hose is laid immediately on the ridge and after sowing, soaking water is supplied to the seeds. In article results of researches on development of cotton cultivation technology on a ridge with addressed and uniform moistening of root system of plants are given.
Development of the design of pre-sowing mounted leveller TEA-7
Authors: Shaimardanov B P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Crop cultivation technology is a complex of agronomic practices, carried out in a certain order, aimed at meeting the biological requirements of the crop and obtaining a given amount and quality of yield. The tasks can be solved by using different technological methods, which are selected individually not only for the crop as a whole, but also as the best option for each variety or hybrid, as applied to specific soil and climatic conditions. Development of new technologies and elements of cultivation technology, their maximum coordination with the biological requirements of crops and individual approach to each variety (hybrid) will allow to maximize the potential of the cultivated crop. In modern conditions, resource-saving technologies are one of the priority areas in modern agriculture, the development of which has become a priority task, because in modern crop production there are a number of problems: reduction of profitability of agriculture, significant depreciation of machinery fleet and the trend towards deterioration of soil fertility.
Enzymatic activity of grains of different varieties of spring barley
Authors: Islamgulova R R , Trukhachev V I , Novikov N N , Seregina I I , Belopukhov S L , Dmitrevskaya I I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper presents studies of the enzymatic activity of barley grains of different varieties. In experiments with different varieties of malting barley, the activity of isoforms of amylolytic enzymes was determined at pH = 5.5, 7.0, 8.0 using a phosphate buffer system (1/15 M phosphate buffer). The activity of enzymes in the germinated grain was determined after the removal of sprouts and roots. In experiments to determine the activity of amylases in the study of the action of enzymes in acidic (pH = 5.5), neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (pH = 8) environments, it was found that in germinated barley grain, acid isoenzymes α- and β-amylases, as well as neutral and alkaline isoenzymes. It is shown that in the process of malting on the 7th day, the activity of amylotic enzymes increases significantly, which is of great importance in the brewing industry. During the germination of barley seeds under standard conditions, an active complex of enzymes amylases, proteases, cytases, oxidoreductases is formed, which dissolve endosperm cells and convert reserve substances into soluble compounds.
Development and justification of the thermal parameters of a mechanized rotary blancher
Authors: Rakhmatov O , Rakhmatov F O , Nuriev K K , Nuriev M K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The design of a continuous rotary blancher for moisture-thermal processing of grapes and fruits before laying them for drying has been developed. Taking into account the conditions of mechanization of this process, we expressed a working hypothesis about the possibility of creating such means, the action of which will provide a continuous technology for the flow of all operations that make up the heat treatment process. It includes the minimum heat consumption for the process, design and kinematic parameters, which will allow mechanizing technological operations with the specified modes of their operation and preparing the processed product for further drying in the continuous in-line production of raisins. A method for calculating the thermal load of a blancher is given.
Development of a seeder design for precise sowing of carrot seeds on a ridge
Authors: Babojanov A B , Dulliev A K , Turdibekov A R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Among vegetable crops, carrot is one of the main agricultural products for domestic consumption and export in Uzbekistan. For this reason, great attention is paid to its cultivation as a main and repeated crop after grain. Today, in order to earn additional income from the land twice, carrots are planted in the main part of the grain-free areas of farmers and peasant farms. With the increase in the area planted with carrots, there was also a demand for seed drills. Taking this into account, a seeder was developed that sows carrot seeds in the exact amount in the specified planting pattern on the paddy field. In one pass of the seeder, flattening the top of four furrows to form a bush, 5x5 cm when the distance between seeds is 60 cm, 6x6 cm at 70 cm spacing and 8x8 cm at 90 cm spacing are planted 1.0-1.5 cm deep. Accordingly, the working equipment of the seeder installed as a form moving.
Harvesting technology of the corn in the form of husked cobs and machine for its operation
Authors: Khatamov B A , Fozilov G G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most important tasks in the cultivation of corn for grain is to harvest the grown crop without losing and qualitatively. If it is harvested in a mechanized way with technical means, a significant reduction in labor and material costs is achieved. Taking this into account, the technology of harvesting corn in the form of husked corn, damaging the stalk, and the corn harvesting machine that implements it were developed. The machine has been improved by placing stalk-leaf separators under the auger, and according to the results of the field experiment, the amount of leaf-stem in the stalks before placing the leaf-stem separators was 4.8 per cent, but after placing the leaf-stem separators, it was collected the amount of leaf-stem in the soot decreased by 1.4 per cent to 3.4 per cent, and it was found that the leaf-stem separator has the ability to implement the specified technological process.
Experimental study of pressure drop in porous structures created on the basis of Kelvin cells
Authors: Soloveva O V , Solovev S A , Shakurova R Z , Murzaev A S , Gilyazov A I , Golubev Y P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we carried out the experimental studies of the pressure drop in porous structures created on the basis of Kelvin cells. The cross sections of the struts of porous structures had the following geometries: circle, triangle, and spinner. The equivalent diameter of the struts was 5, 10, 15, and 20% of 3 mm, where 3 mm is the length of the edge of the cube into which the cell is inscribed. At the same time, several models of porous structures had narrowing in the struts. Experimental studies were carried out at the following air flow velocities: 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 and 1.25 m/s. The research results showed that with an equivalent strut diameter of 5, 10, and 15% of the length of the edge of the cube in which the cell is inscribed, the largest pressure drop at all studied air flow velocities is observed in porous structures with a circular cross section of the struts, without narrowing. With an equivalent strut diameter of 10, 15, 20% of the length of the cube edge, the smallest pressure drop is shown by cells with a circular cross section of the struts, with a narrowing. With an equivalent strut diameter of 20%, the structure with strut geometry in the form of a spinner showed the highest pressure drop. Thus, the geometry of struts of porous structures has a significant effect on the value of the pressure drop.
Growth and development of bulls of the red steppe breed in lightweight buildings
Authors: Sattarov N E , Borotov A N , Yunusov R F , Yangiboev A E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article examines the effectiveness of growing and fattening young cattle in the conditions of the hot climate of Uzbekistan in light-weight premises, in individual cages and in houses for individual maintenance after birth up to three months of age, and then in open areas with shady canopies, by the “cold” method, up to 18 months of age. Growing young animals using this technology has shown its advantage over the traditional method, with group keeping indoors. The organization of such a method of rearing young cattle at all stages of production ultimately ensured an increase in the efficiency of animal husbandry. The data obtained indicate that a more active increase in the productivity of livestock and the biological potential with the corresponding data are obtained in the conditions of rearing calves in a mixed method. It is indicated that in cattle breeding, the use of this method of growing allows farms to increase beef production and improve their quality, maximize the preservation of newborn calves and reduce the incidence of animals by increasing their natural resistance.
Optimized metal foam-filled Crushbox structure to improve the impact energy absorption
Authors: Kertesz J. , Kovacs T.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
According to the transport statistics, there are many personal injury affected road fatalities on the EU’s roads. The increasing urbanization results in huge daily crowded paths in the cities. Drivers try to recoup for lost time in traffic jams with increased speed and reduced tracking distance, and the inattentive behavior to using mobile phones is a common cause of rear-end collision.The most common personal injury of the rear-end collision would be decreased by an optimized crumple zone to reduce the impact load force. With mass optimization not only the operational efficiency would be improved but the impact energy can be reeducated also. To achieve this aim integrated and advanced materials must be applied. This study is focusing on the optimization of the bumper-crushbox, and apply an improved structure in which more volume of the metal foam can be utilized, than the recent solutions.
Investigation of the torque transmission time constant of a multi-disc magnetorheological clutch in the case of ramp function excitation
Authors: Mester S , Horváth B , Lukács A , Szalai I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work the torque transmission time constant of a multi-disc magnetorheological (MR) fluid clutch is presented. The self-built clutch contains six layers of MR fluid and it is excited by an external electromagnetic coil. The transmitted torque is measured by a torque sensor using a self-developed LabVIEW software. Torque transmission is measured using ramp excitation with different slopes. The time constant of the clutch is derived from the time delay of the torque response. Our measurements showed the time constants as a hyperbolic function of the slope of the ramp excitation.
Production of syntactic metal foams reinforced in the matrix material
Authors: Károly D , Maróti J E , Lolbert-Szabó J , Kemény A , Orbulov I N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metal foams are cellular materials where the matrix material is metallic, and gaseous cells are present in this enclosing material. Due to these cells, metal foams are low-density materials and have good energy-absorbing properties to their structure. Reinforcing materials can highly increase the load capacity of the structure. Our goal is to produce a low-cost, reinforced syntactic metal foam with an easy production process. The mechanical properties of A356 (AlSi7Mg) aluminium matrix syntactic foams are investigated, produced with lightweight expanded clay aggregate particles (LECAPs) as filler material and reinforced with aluminum-oxide (Al2O3) with a diameter of 1 mm and 0.5 mm, and silicon carbide (SiC) with a diameter of 0.4 mm in the matrix. 20 wt.% of the reinforcement was used in each case. The foams were produced by low-pressure infiltration, and the specimens, which were cut by conventional machining methods, were subjected to heat treatment. The grain structures of the materials were studied via optical microscopy, their mechanical properties were tested with compression tests. Results show that the production is successful, and reinforcement can be achieved with these materials.
Ionic contamination reduction with dry ice cleaning
Authors: Tóth Zs , Lukács A , Szalai I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compared with routine methods, dry ice cleaning is an innovative, inexpensive and green technology, which efficiently cleans printed circuit boards (PCBs) and decreases levels of ionic contamination. Due to its outstanding performance, dry ice cleaning is suitable for removing flux residues. In this study, boards that have been artificially contaminated by flux were blasted by dry ice with different parameters. The influence of dry ice cleaning on different surface finishes was comprehensively investigated. It was shown that the efficiency of dry ice cleaning is comparable with other methods and is quantifiable. Furthermore, dry ice cleaning can effectively remove pollution on PCB surfaces, yielding a noticeable and ideal cleaning effect without decreasing the solderability of different surface finishes.
Finite element simulation of hardness testing with different material models
Authors: Oláh F. , Réger M. , Gonda V. , Horváth R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Finite element modelling is a modern and efficient way to perform stress-strain analyses on both simple components and complex structures. If the material properties are properly set, the software can also model the deformation of parts. A very important criterion of accurate finite element calculations is an appropriate material model. The stress–strain function recorded during the tensile testing of standard specimens shows that stress is not constant during deformation and so it can be specified with a function in finite element software. Often, in finite element modelling, a bilinear model is used to simplify this function. The aim of this paper is to show the difference between the bilinear model, the multilinear model (the model split into several sections the stress-strain curve) and the real function in the analysis of deformation in hardness testing. We also analyse the minimum density of meshing which still provides acceptable accuracy in hardness testing calculations.
State-monitoring and product quality measurement of additively manufactured injection mould inserts
Authors: Krizsma Sz. , Suplicz A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Additive technologies represent a state-of-the-art and innovative way in today’s mould making. They allow production of both metallic and polymeric moulds with relative simplicity and flexibility compared to conventional machining. Despite its possible benefits, this area is scarcely researched. In our work, we analysed in-mould applicability of epoxy-acrylate inserts manufactured by PolyJet technology. We created a comprehensive state monitoring method to quantify important process parameters like cavity pressure, strain and temperature of the inserts. We analysed the effect of holding pressure on the resulting cavity pressure and strain of the insert. We showed that strain of the insert gradually increased after the cycles and we identified characteristic segments of the injection moulding cycle on the strain-time curves. We also applied surface temperature measurements using a thermal imaging camera. The purpose of this measurement was to determine necessary delay time between cycles allowing inserts to cool below heat deflection temperature, so early failure could be prevented. By using thermal imaging camera, we measured cavity surface temperature distribution and demonstrated the effect of low thermal conductivity of the insert material. We also measured thickness and weight variation of injection moulded products to show the effect of holding pressure and mould deformation on final product quality. As we applied higher holding pressures, product mass and average product thickness grew.
Demonstration of the effect of vibration stress relief in the case of metal castings in acoustically made measurement images.
Authors: Bársony Zs , Rutscher A , Kiri A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article demonstrates the effectiveness of vibration stress relief (VSR). VSR has been described in a number of written literature and its efficacy has been investigated by many researchers. The interesting thing about this article is that we do not use a common test method to detect the residual stress of a casting part. The diagnostics are performed acoustically, from which the natural frequency of the component is determined, from which, the residaul stress can be deduced. The aforementioned data play an important role in setting up a VSR. The results are significant because the new method significantly reduced the time of diagnostic. Last but not least, this type of diagnostics is easy to implement in industrial work areas, even factories and foundries, as it does not require a large area, is not energy and investment-intensive.
Beyond third-order optical nonlinearities in liquid suspensions of metal-nanoparticles and metal-nanoclusters
Authors: Reyna Albert S , de Araújo Cid B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena observed in liquid suspensions of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and metal nanoclusters (NCs) have received considerable attention in the past few years. For example, multiphoton absorption, modulational instability, optical solitons, and parametric processes, benefit from research on soft-matter systems. Thus, many results are still being published providing support for earlier theoretical predictions and new discoveries. In particular, colloids containing NPs and NCs of noble-metal atoms present outstanding NLO responses and have been exploited to study for studying various phenomena and applications. Indeed, when illuminated with intense optical fields, such colloids can exhibit effective high-order nonlinearities (HONs) with large magnitudes which can dominate their NLO behavior. In this article, we review experiments with liquid suspensions of noble-metal NPs and noble-metal NCs, in which an appropriate methodology has been applied to study effective HONs for different sizes and morphologies of metal-nanostructures. In addition, a nonlinearity management procedure is discussed as a valuable tool to control for controlling the NLO response of metal-colloids through constructive and destructive interference among the nonlinearities of different orders. Because of the strong NLO behavior of metal-colloids, various phenomena associated to effective HONs were investigated such as: self-action effects, saturated multiphoton absorption, NLO scattering, bright and vortex spatial solitons, and operation of Random Lasers. Perspectives for further studies and photonic applications of metal-colloids exploring their effective nonlinearities are also discussed.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Jha Shilpy , Mohanty Sambit K , Sampat Nakul Y , Naik Subhasini , Baisakh Manas R , Pattnaik Niharika , Lobo Anandi , Rauta Sudhasmita , Sharma Shivani , Munjal Gauri , Jain Deepika , Arora Samriti , Malik Vipra , Jain Ekta , Sahoo Biswajit , Bhardwaj Mohit , Mishra Saurav K , Jaiswal Sunil , Barik Lalit M , Balzer Bonnie L , Chakrabarti Indranil , Parwani Anil V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that can arise at various anatomic locations. It is characterized by inv12(q13q13)-derived NAB2::STAT6 fusion, resulting in the nuclear expression of STAT6. Primary SFT of the adrenal gland is rare. We launched a multi-institutional collaboration to comprehend the overarching demographics, clinical and follow-up, macroscopic, microscopic, IHC, and FISH features of 9 patients with SFT of the adrenal gland.

Methods
We added a series of 9 patients to the collection of adrenal SFTs where the clinicopathologic parameters, including clinical presentation, imaging, histopathology, IHC, molecular profiles, and management and follow-up data, were analyzed comprehensively. A modified 4-variable risk stratification model, including age, tumor size, and necrosis, was applied.

Results
Our series consisted of 6 male and 3 female patients, ranging in age from 19 to 64 years (mean, 49.3 years). Abdominal pain (4) and fever with abdominal pain (1) were the presenting symptoms in 5 patients. In the remaining 4 patients, the tumors were detected by abdominal imaging for hypertension and diabetes. The size of the tumor ranged from 2 cm to 10.5 cm in maximum dimension. All tumors exhibited the morphology of a spindle cell SFT with a patternless architecture; 3 had a focal storiform arrangement. STAT6 positivity was observed in all tumors, and 7 were positive for CD34. Surgical resection was the primary modality of treatment. No adjuvant therapy was administered. Follow-up ranging from 7 months to 23 months was available for 7 patients. All were alive without disease recurrence or metastasis. Risk stratification placed 8 (88.9%) patients into a low-risk category and 1 into an intermediate-risk category.

Conclusions
This series is the largest of adrenal SFTs to date. These tumors of the adrenal gland are predominantly spindle cell neoplasms with indolent behavior, with a wide age distribution and a slight male preponderance. Combining our cohort with the previously published cases, the majority of tumors fall into the low-risk category for the propensity to develop metastases. Owing to the rarity and age distribution associated with these tumors, the differential diagnosis is wide and requires a systematic approach for ruling out key differential diagnoses aided by STAT6 IHC.