bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary acid load and esophageal cancer risk: A case‐control study
Authors: Ronco Alvaro Luis , Martínez‐López Wilner , Calderón Juan M. , Storz Maximilian Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA high dietary acid load (DAL) can produce metabolic acidosis, which is linked to cancer development through mechanisms of inflammation and cell transformation. There is limited epidemiological evidence linking DAL and cancer risk; however, none of the published studies focused on DAL and esophageal cancer (EC) risk in particular. Therefore, we sought to explore this association in the present study.MethodsA case‐control study was performed in 1295 male patients (185 squamous cell EC cases and 1110 age‐frequency and urban/rural residence matched controls) through a multitopic inquiry, including a food frequency questionnaire. Food‐derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. The DAL was calculated based on two validated measures: Potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.ResultsWe found direct, significant associations between dietary acid load and EC risk: (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.44–3.61, ptrend <0.0001) and (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.38–3.41, ptrend <0.0001) for highest PRAL and NEAP tertiles, respectively. Our data raise the possibility that a high DAL may contribute to EC development. Both acid load scores were directly associated with animal‐based foods (mainly meat) and inversely associated with the intake of plant‐based foods.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological case–control study analyzing associations of DAL and squamous cell EC risk. Further research is warranted to confirm our findings.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures of influenza vaccine response in healthy young and older adults
Authors: Chou Chih‐Hung , Mohanty Subhasis , Kang Heather A. , Kong Lingjia , Avila‐Pacheco Julian , Joshi Samit R. , Ueda Ikuyo , Devine Lesley , Raddassi Khadir , Pierce Kerry , Jeanfavre Sarah , Bullock Kevin , Meng Hailong , Clish Clary , Santori Fabio R. , Shaw Albert C. , Xavier Ramnik J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeasonal influenza causes mild to severe respiratory infections and significant morbidity, especially in older adults. Transcriptomic analysis in populations across multiple flu seasons has provided insights into the molecular determinants of vaccine response. Still, the metabolic changes that underlie the immune response to influenza vaccination remain poorly characterized. We performed untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolites in a cohort of younger and older subjects before and after influenza vaccination to identify vaccine‐induced molecular signatures. Metabolomic and transcriptomic data were combined to define networks of gene and metabolic signatures indicative of high and low antibody response in these individuals. We observed age‐related differences in metabolic baselines and signatures of antibody response to influenza vaccination and the abundance of α‐linolenic and linoleic acids, sterol esters, fatty‐acylcarnitines, and triacylglycerol metabolism. We identified a metabolomic signature associated with age‐dependent vaccine response, finding increased tryptophan and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in young high responders (HRs), while fatty acid synthesis and cholesteryl esters accumulated in older HRs. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis shows that depletion of PUFAs, which are building blocks for prostaglandins and other lipid immunomodulators, in young HR subjects at Day 28 is related to a robust immune response to influenza vaccination. Increased glycerophospholipid levels were associated with an inflammatory response in older HRs to flu vaccination. This multi‐omics approach uncovered age‐related molecular markers associated with influenza vaccine response and provides insight into vaccine‐induced metabolic responses that may help guide development of more effective influenza vaccines.
Demographic drivers of the growth of the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with dementia, 2016–2051
Authors: Temple Jeromey , Wilson Tom , Radford Kylie , LoGiudice Dina , Utomo Ariane , Anstey Kaarin J. , Eades Sandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the demographic drivers that contribute to the future growth in the population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living with dementia in Australia.MethodsDesign: Multistate, Indigenous status, cohort component, population projection model. Setting: National‐level, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Data: Data prepared by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on births, deaths, migration and identification change. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare estimates of dementia prevalence alongside estimates from several studies. Major outcome measures: Number of older people living with dementia alongside a decomposition of demographic drivers of growth.ResultsBy 2051, the relative growth in the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged 50+ with dementia ranges from 4½ to 5½ times (under three prevalence scenarios) its 2016 estimate. Cohort flow (the gradual movement of younger cohorts into the 50+ age group, and the depletion of older cohorts from death, over time) is a key driver of the growth in the number of older people living with dementia.ConclusionsHigh growth in the number of people living with dementia poses implications for culturally appropriate care, health‐care access and support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families, carers and their communities.
What Do We Learn about Voter Preferences from Conjoint Experiments?
Authors: Abramson Scott F. , Kocak Korhan , Magazinnik Asya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolitical scientists frequently interpret the results of conjoint experiments as reflective of majority preferences. In this article, we show that the target estimand of conjoint experiments, the average marginal component effect (AMCE), is not well defined in these terms. Even with individually rational experimental subjects, the AMCE can indicate the opposite of the true preference of the majority. To show this, we characterize the preference aggregation rule implied by the AMCE and demonstrate its several undesirable properties. With this result, we provide a method for placing bounds on the proportion of experimental subjects who prefer a given candidate feature. We describe conditions under which the AMCE corresponds in sign with the majority preference. Finally, we offer a structural interpretation of the AMCE and highlight that the problem we describe persists even when a model of voting is imposed.
Editorial: tripartite motif 26 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and its genetic polymorphism predicts response to interferon treatment—towards a better understanding of interferon responsiveness in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Peng Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Luo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17124 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17181
Natural history and impact of irritable bowel syndrome‐type symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease during 6 years of longitudinal follow‐up
Authors: Fairbrass Keeley M. , Hamlin P. John , Gracie David J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term natural history and impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)‐type symptoms on outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are uncertain.AimTo assess this in a longitudinal follow‐up study of patients in secondary careMethodsWe assessed the natural history of IBS‐type symptoms in IBD via Rome III criteria applied at baseline, and 2 and 6 years. We defined longitudinal disease activity as the need for glucocorticosteroids or flare, escalation, hospitalisation or intestinal resection. To assess healthcare utilisation, we recorded the number of outpatient clinic attendances and investigations. We also collected anxiety, depression and somatoform symptom scores and quality of life scores during follow‐up.ResultsAmong 125 individuals with Rome III data at all three time points, only 41 (32.8%) never reported IBS‐type symptoms. Fifteen patients (12.0%) had IBS‐type symptoms at baseline that resolved, 19 (15.2%) had fluctuating symptoms, 35 (28.0%) had new‐onset symptoms, and 15 (12.0%) had persistent symptoms. Among more than 300 patients with IBD activity data, IBS‐type symptoms were not associated with an increased likelihood of the need for glucocorticosteroids or flare, escalation, hospitalisation or intestinal resection. However, the mean numbers of outpatient appointments and endoscopic investigations were significantly higher among those with IBS‐type symptoms. Anxiety, depression and somatoform symptom scores were significantly higher, and quality of life scores were significantly lower, in those reporting IBS‐type symptoms at least once during the study.ConclusionsIBS‐type symptoms affected more than two‐thirds of patients with IBD during >6 years of follow‐up and were associated with increased healthcare utilisation, and worse anxiety, depression, somatoform symptom and quality of life scores, but not adverse disease activity outcomes.
Generalized Propensity Score Approach to Causal Inference with Spatial Interference
Authors: Giffin A. , Reich B. J. , Yang S. , Rappold A. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many spatial phenomena exhibit interference, where exposures at one location may affect the response at other locations. Because interference violates the stable unit treatment value assumption, standard methods for causal inference do not apply. We propose a new causal framework to recover direct and spill-over effects in the presence of spatial interference, taking into account that exposures at nearby locations are more influential than exposures at locations further apart. Under the no unmeasured confounding assumption, we show that a generalized propensity score is sufficient to remove all measured confounding. To reduce dimensionality issues, we propose a Bayesian spline-based regression model accounting for a sufficient set of variables for the generalized propensity score. A simulation study demonstrates the accuracy and coverage properties. We apply the method to estimate the causal effect of wildland fires on air pollution in the Western United States over 2005–2018.
Roles of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and teacher beliefs in academic grading
Authors: Doyle Lewis , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Harris Peter R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEducational outcomes in the United Kingdom vary as a function of students' family background, with those of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and certain ethnic minority groups among the worst affected.AimsThis pre‐registered study investigates: (i) whether knowledge about students' socioeconomic and ethnic background influences teachers' judgements about the quality of their work and potential for the future, and (ii) the role of teachers' beliefs—most notably about meritocracy—in their practices.SampleOur findings are based on the responses of 416 in‐service (88%) and trainee (12%) teachers who successfully passed several stringent exclusion criteria.MethodsAs part of a 2 × 2 independent measures design, teachers were randomly assigned to assess an identical piece of work ostensibly written by a student who varied by SES (higher vs. lower) and ethnicity (White British vs. Black Caribbean). Following this, they responded to several measures assessing their beliefs about education.ResultsTeachers judged students of lower SES to be inferior to students of higher SES across a range of indicators. By contrast, we found no evidence of racial bias in teachers' judgements, though potential reasons for this are discussed. Teachers who believed that schooling is meritocratic were significantly less likely to support equity‐enhancing teaching practices and initiatives.ConclusionsUnconscious teacher biases and beliefs may be contributing to the relative underperformance of students from poorer backgrounds. These findings provide a mandate for educational institutions to help teachers reflect upon, and develop the skills required to mitigate potentially harmful biases.
Incidence of significant prostate cancer after negative MRI and systematic biopsy in the FUTURE trial
Authors: Exterkate Leonie , Wegelin Olivier , Barentsz Jelle O. , van der Leest Marloes G. , Kummer J. Alain , Vreuls Willem , de Bruin Peter C. , Witjes J. Alfred , van Melick Harm H.E. , Somford Diederik M. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the proportion of clinically significant (cs) prostate cancer (PCa) found during follow‐up in patients with negative systematic biopsy (SB) followed by non‐suspicious multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and persistent clinical suspicion of PCa compared to the general population.Patients and MethodsA prospective study in a subgroup of patients from a multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2014 and 2017, including 665 men with prior negative SB with a persistent elevated prostate‐specific antigen and/or suspicious digital rectal examination undergoing mpMRI. All patients with negative SB and Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) ≤2 on mpMRI entered biochemical follow‐up. Follow‐up data until December 2021 were collected by reviewing institutional hospital records and the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). The primary outcome was the observed number of csPCa (Gleason ≥3 + 4/International Society of Urological Pathology grade group ≥2) cases during follow‐up compared to the expected number in the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]).ResultsIn total, 431 patients had non‐suspicious mpMRI and entered biochemical follow‐up. After a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 41 (23–57) months, 38 patients were diagnosed with PCa, of whom 13 (3.0%) had csPCa. The SIR for csPCa was 4.3 (95% confidence interval 2.3–7.4; total excess of eight cases). A higher risk of a positive biopsy for (cs)PCa based on the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer risk calculator and a suspicious repeat MRI (PI‐RADS ≥3) were significant predictive factors for csPCa.ConclusionAfter negative prior biopsy and non‐suspicious mpMRI the risk of csPCa is low. However, compared to the general population, the risk of csPCa is increased despite the high negative predictive value of mpMRI. More research focusing on biochemical and image‐guided risk‐adapted diagnostic surveillance strategies is warranted.
Bat responses to climate change: a systematic review
Authors: Festa Francesca , Ancillotto Leonardo , Santini Luca , Pacifici Michela , Rocha Ricardo , Toshkova Nia , Amorim Francisco , Benítez‐López Ana , Domer Adi , Hamidović Daniela , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Mathews Fiona , Radchuk Viktoriia , Rebelo Hugo , Ruczynski Ireneusz , Solem Estelle , Tsoar Asaf , Russo Danilo , Razgour Orly 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how species respond to climate change is key to informing vulnerability assessments and designing effective conservation strategies, yet research efforts on wildlife responses to climate change fail to deliver a representative overview due to inherent biases. Bats are a species‐rich, globally distributed group of organisms that are thought to be particularly sensitive to the effects of climate change because of their high surface‐to‐volume ratios and low reproductive rates. We systematically reviewed the literature on bat responses to climate change to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge, identify research gaps and biases and highlight future research needs. We found that studies are geographically biased towards Europe, North America and Australia, and temperate and Mediterranean biomes, thus missing a substantial proportion of bat diversity and thermal responses. Less than half of the published studies provide concrete evidence for bat responses to climate change. For over a third of studied bat species, response evidence is only based on predictive species distribution models. Consequently, the most frequently reported responses involve range shifts (57% of species) and changes in patterns of species diversity (26%). Bats showed a variety of responses, including both positive (e.g. range expansion and population increase) and negative responses (range contraction and population decrease), although responses to extreme events were always negative or neutral. Spatial responses varied in their outcome and across families, with almost all taxonomic groups featuring both range expansions and contractions, while demographic responses were strongly biased towards negative outcomes, particularly among Pteropodidae and Molossidae. The commonly used correlative modelling approaches can be applied to many species, but do not provide mechanistic insight into behavioural, physiological, phenological or genetic responses. There was a paucity of experimental studies (26%), and only a small proportion of the 396 bat species covered in the examined studies were studied using long‐term and/or experimental approaches (11%), even though they are more informative about the effects of climate change. We emphasise the need for more empirical studies to unravel the multifaceted nature of bats' responses to climate change and the need for standardised study designs that will enable synthesis and meta‐analysis of the literature. Finally, we stress the importance of overcoming geographic and taxonomic disparities through strengthening research capacity in the Global South to provide a more comprehensive view of terrestrial biodiversity responses to climate change.
Immune‐related adverse events in urothelial cancer patients: Adjustment for immortal time bias
Authors: Otsuka Hikari , Kita Yuki , Ito Katsuhiro , Sano Takeshi , Inokuchi Junichi , Tomida Ryotaro , Takahashi Atsushi , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Kurahashi Ryoma , Ozaki Yu , Uegaki Masayuki , Maruyama Satoru , Mukai Shoichiro , Tsutsumi Masakazu , Kawahara Takashi , Segawa Takehiko , Kitamura Hiroshi , Morita Satoshi , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate the association between the onset, severity, and type of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with platinum‐pretreated advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC), we retrospectively collected clinical datasets of 755 patients and conducted landmark analysis. Patients who survived for fewer than 3 months were excluded from the evaluation to reduce the immortal time bias. In total, 620 patients were evaluated, of whom 220 patients (35.5%) experienced grade ≥2 irAEs, including 134 patients with grade 2 irAEs and 86 with grade ≥3 irAEs. Propensity score matching extracted 198 patients with and without grade ≥2 irAEs. The onset of grade ≥2 irAEs was associated with longer median progression‐free survival (PFS) (8.3 months vs. 4.5 months, p = 0.003) and overall survival (OS) (20.4 months vs. 14.3 months, p = 0.031) and a higher objective response rate (ORR) (44.8% vs. 30.2%, p = 0.004). Patients with grade 2 irAEs had significantly better oncological outcomes (PFS, OS, and ORR) than grade ≤1 and ≥3 irAEs. Patients with grade ≥3 irAEs had worse outcomes than grade 2 irAEs. Endocrine and skin irAEs were related with better survival outcomes, and the rate of severities was lower in these categories. In conclusion, the occurrence of irAEs, particularly low‐grade irAEs, was predictive of pembrolizumab efficacy in patients with platinum‐pretreated advanced UC.
Participation in physical activity of adolescents with congenital heart disease
Authors: Lavenant Pauline , Cacioppo Marine , Ansquer Hélène , Guillaumont Sophie , Houx Laetitia , Brochard Sylvain , Amedro Pascal , Pons Christelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in physical activity improves health in individuals with congenital heart disease. However, most do not sufficiently engage in physical activity. The aim of this study was to collect information regarding the experiences of adolescents with congenital heart disease who practiced physical activities.MethodsFrench adolescents aged 13–18 years, diagnosed with congenital heart disease, class I or II dyspnoea on the NYHA scale and authorized physical activity were interviewed individually about their physical activity experiences using a semi‐structured format. The qualitative interview transcript data were analysed using a phenomenological approach; data analysis was performed independently by three researchers and merged at each step until saturation.ResultsEleven adolescents with congenital heart disease participated. Three main themes emerged: ‘own representation’, ‘physical activity (PA) set‐up’ and ‘environment’. Adolescents had a generally positive view of physical activity, which was associated with positive experiences. However, they reported that their physical condition limited PA, and they wished for adapted activities. The results revealed the importance of environmental factors, for example, within the social and school environments. The participants indicated that they appreciated the social interactions that PA afforded, but that integration into a group could be difficult, especially in school, with some participants describing feelings such as anxiety, frustration or guilt when they could not participate fully. PA facilitators included familial support. However, participants noted a lack of clear medical guidance to help them choose suitable activities based on their circumstances and personal preferences. They wished for the public to be better informed about congenital heart disease to reduce stigmatism.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable information for clinicians, physical educators and policy makers to help them promote physical activity and support adolescents and their families in understanding their own condition, maximizing their potential and in their choice of activities.
Physical activity interventions for the mental health of children: A systematic review
Authors: Hale Gabrielle E. , Colquhoun Luke , Lancastle Deborah , Lewis Nicky , Tyson Philip J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review explored the effectiveness of using physical activity (PA) interventions to enhance psychological well‐being and reduce psychological ill‐being (e.g., anxiety and depression) in children aged six to 11 years old from the general population.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for studies published between January 2005 and June 2020: Web of Science, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycINFO, Pub Med, ASSIA, CINHAL PLUS, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Wiley Online Library. Search terms included ‘physical activity intervention’, ‘psychological well‐being’ and ‘child*’. After removing duplicates, 11 390 studies were independently screened by two authors based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and assessed for risk of bias.ResultsA total of 23 studies were narratively synthesized and categorized into four domains: Quality of Life (QOL), body image, self‐esteem and psychological ill‐being. Evidence was provided for the impact of PA interventions in improving QOL, body image and self‐esteem. Despite the positive effect on psychological well‐being, evidence for a reduction in the frequency and severity of symptoms associated with psychological ill‐being in children is less clear.ConclusionsReviewed studies support the use of PA interventions in enhancing the psychological well‐being of children in school and community settings. More research is warranted to understand the impact of PA interventions on reducing psychological ill‐being in children from the general population.