bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criticism does not constrain: testing for evidence of de-policing following the murder of George Floyd
Authors: Koslicki Wendy M. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeFollowing the shooting of Michael Brown, much scholarly attention has been paid to the so-called “Ferguson effect” resulting from rhetoric that public scrutiny of the police will lead to de-policing. The present study tests this effect due to similar rhetoric that has re-emerged in public and media dialogue in response to Black Lives Matter protests following the killing of George Floyd in May 2020.Design/methodology/approachUsing Open Minneapolis' Police Use of Force dataset, the study employs interrupted time series analysis models of weekly use of force events against all citizens, as well as use of force against Black citizens specifically. Two models for each population are conducted due to data concerns: a set from January 2019 to June 2021, and a set from January 2019 to September 2020, with the week of George Floyd's death as the interruption point.FindingsBoth models using September 2020 as the cutoff show no statistically significant variance in police use of force against subjects overall or against Black citizens following the immediate aftermath of protests. However, both models using June 2021 as the cutoff demonstrate a statistically significant rise in use of force against both populations following the interruption point.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine de-policing following the George Floyd protests, and among the first to examine use of force rates beyond fatal force. Implications for research and practice are discussed, such as data availability and quality, as well as diverse perspectives surrounding de-policing and their implications for police practice.
The circular economy and Industry 4.0: synergies and challenges
Authors: Hennemann Hilario da Silva Tiago , Sehnem Simone 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe proposal is to answer the following question: based on previous studies, which are the new paths and challenges related to the circular economy (CE) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0)? To answer this question, the research objective is to analyze studies approaching the interface between CE and I4.0.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted on previously published studies pertaining to Scopus and Web of Science bases, and 63 articles were found.FindingsThe authors present five new paths and challenges amid the relationship between CE and I4.0: applying those technologies to clean production, using blockchain and big data in the circular supply chain, raising additive manufacturing impact on the CE, seek for a better understanding on how I4.0 technologies can properly support the CE in the stakeholders' view and discerning the factors for implementing those theoretical fields onto supply chains.Research limitations/implicationsPrevious studies' sample basis is still recent, lacking research depth. Search strings might have minimized the number of selected studies: there could be a bigger sample.Practical implicationsPractical contributions of this study lay on the applicability of the raised propositions into several sectors' industries.Social implicationsThe authors suggest a transition agenda towards CE, using I4.0 technologies for operational, tactical and strategic personnel within organizations, as well as potential utilization strategies in specific study fields, like supply chain management and product manufacturing per se.Originality/valueThe study presents new paths and challenges amid technologies pertaining to I4.0 and its interfaces with the CE. In the result presentation and analysis, the existing interfaces are described.
The influence of the country governance environment on corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance
Authors: Mooneeapen Oren , Abhayawansa Subhash , Mamode Khan Naushad 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of companies is influenced by the barriers and opportunities created by three factors characterising a country’s governance landscape: democracy, political stability and regulatory quality. Additionally, this study separately explains the influence of the three country governance factors on the ESG performance of companies and how they are affected by the profitability of the company.

Design/methodology/approach
Fixed effects multiple linear regression is performed on 6,035 firm-year observations drawn from 27 countries relating to 1,207 unique constituents of the S&P Global 1200 index for a five-year period from 2015 to 2019. Clustered standard errors robust to heteroscedasticity and serial correlation are estimated for a specification that includes Refinitiv ESG scores as the dependent variable, selected Worldwide Governance Indicators as the independent variables and several country- and firm-level controls.

Findings
The study finds that companies’ ESG performance is higher in countries with a lower level of democracy and political stability, and corporate governance performance is higher in countries with higher regulatory quality. A component-level analysis finds significant variation in the results across the different ESG pillars. Firm profitability moderates the relationship between country-level governance factors and companies’ ESG performance.

Practical implications
The study reveals that national governments can prompt companies to enhance their governance performance, invariably leading to greater engagement in sustainability by improving their regulatory environment and enforcement mechanisms. Thus, the implementation of regulations targeting corporate environmental and social performance is not always needed to prompt better corporate ESG performance.

Social implications
This study shows that internationalised companies proactively work towards achieving sustainability in countries where the country governance landscape is ineffective and inadequate to enable it.

Originality/value
This study addresses the association between country-level governance and firm-level ESG performance, in contrast to firm-level corporate social responsibility disclosure that has been the focus of prior research. As disclosures can be symbolic and may not reflect actual ESG performance, the results of prior studies examining the relationship between country-level governance performance and corporate social responsibility disclosure is inappropriate to explain the factors affecting the ESG performance of companies.
Ouchi’s management model relevance to healthcare management efficiency among government tertiary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic season in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Akinwale Olusegun Emmanuel , Kuye Owolabi Lateef 
Published: May 2022

PurposeHealthcare management efficiency has become a golden goal in the operations of modern healthcare organisations across zones and cultures. This study aims to investigate five dimensions of Ouchi’s theory Z approach, mutual organisational trust, long-term employment/job security, employee participatory decision-making, employee well-being and generalised career path, concerning healthcare efficiency in government tertiary hospitals during COVID-19 period.Design/methodology/approachThe probability sampling strategy was adopted among 300 participants of the hospitals in the healthcare workforce of the study population. The study adopted multiple scales on the identified variables of theory Z and employed principal component analysis to evaluate the components of Ouchi’s Theory Z in relation to healthcare efficiency among the workforce of tertiary hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria.FindingsThe outcome of this study shows that all the dimensions were significantly related to healthcare efficiency in the study hospitals. It depicts that mutual trust among employees has a positive influence on the efficiency of healthcare management in government tertiary hospitals, and long-term employment opportunity has a significant impact on the efficiency of healthcare management in government tertiary hospitals. Employee participatory decision-making is essential to the efficiency of healthcare management in government tertiary hospitals. Employee well-being is fundamental to the efficiency of healthcare management in government tertiary hospitals. Generalised career path of healthcare personnel has a tremendous impact on the efficiency of healthcare management in government tertiary hospitals.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to healthcare employees in Lagos State, Nigeria. The implication is that as old as Ouchi’s theory, its relevance remains green in the heart of contemporary organisations today even in healthcare facilities in Nigeria which aids the management of the global pandemic, COVID-19 outbreak.Originality/valueThe study shows that Ouchi’s theory Z approach that combines the Japanese and American patterns of organisational management is highly relevant in the operations and management of government hospitals in Nigeria to date even in the era of COVID-19, the global pandemic season.
Endothelin‐1 dependent expression of GAG genes involves NOX and p38 mediated Smad linker region phosphorylation
Authors: Babaahmadi‐Rezaei Hossein , Mohamed Raafat , Dayati Parisa , Mehr Reyhaneh Niayesh , Seif Faezeh , Sharifat Narges , Khedri Azam , Kamato Danielle , Little Peter J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEndothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and mediates glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain hyperelongation on proteoglycans. Our aim was to identify the ET‐1‐mediated signalling pathway involving NADPH oxidase (NOX), p38 MAP kinsae and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation (phospho‐Smad2L) regulate GAG synthesising enzymes mRNA expression (C4ST‐1 and ChSy1) involved in GAG chains hyperelongation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Signalling intermediates were detected and quantified by Western blotting and the mRNA levels of GAG synthesising enzymes were assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). ET‐1 treatment of human VSMCs resulted in an increase in phospho‐Smad2L level. The TGF‐β receptor antagonist, SB431542 and the mixed ETA and ETB receptor antagonist bosentan, inhibited ET‐1‐mediated phospho‐Smad2L level. In the presence of apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) (NOX inhibitors) and SB239063 (p38 inhibitor) ET‐1‐mediated phospho‐Smad2L levels were inhibited. The gene expression levels of GAG synthesising enzymes post‐ET‐1 treatment were increased compared to untreated controls (p < 0.01). The ET‐mediated the mRNA levels of these enzymes were blocked by the bosentan, SB431542, SB239063, DPI, apocynin and antioxidant N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC). ET‐1‐mediated signalling to GAG synthesising enzymes gene expression occurs via transactivation‐dependent pathway involving NOX, p38 MAP kinsae and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation.
Emergency department adult presentations from the COVID‐19 hotel quarantine program in Victoria, Australia: A retrospective cohort study of admissions and presenting complaints
Authors: Melvin Robert , O'Reilly Gerard M , Underhill Andrew , Stokes Larissa , Tant Sophie , Look Alison 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to describe presentations to the designated ED from the Victorian COVID‐19 hotel quarantine program.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 7 December 2020 and 6 June 2021 at The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre, a major adult quaternary referral teaching hospital. Participants included adult patients (>18 years old) who were quarantining as part of Victoria's COVID‐19 quarantine program. The primary outcome was discharge destination from the ED (admission to hospital vs discharge from ED).ResultsNotably, 164 patients presented to The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre during the study period. The mean (SD) age was 50.9, with most patients being male (n = 96 [58.5%]). Most patients were referred from a quarantine hotel (n = 83 [50%]). Thirty‐four percent (n = 56) of ED presentations were admitted to hospital (31.5% to a ward, 2.5% to intensive care unit). Forty‐six percent (n = 75) were discharged to the complex care hotel to be looked after by Alfred Health, with only 16% (n = 26) being discharged to a standard quarantine hotel. The most common presenting complaint categories were: cardiovascular (n = 33 [20%]), miscellaneous (n = 25 [25%]), gastrointestinal (n = 19 [11.5%]) and mental health (n = 18 [11%]).ConclusionThe study demonstrates that the number of ED presentations from quarantine was low (<1 presentation/day). COVID Quarantine Victoria and Alfred Health put significant resources into the program to allow most returned international travellers to be safely cared for within a hotel and thus reduce the burden on the public hospital system.
Alcohol use trajectories among U.S. adults during the first 42 weeks of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Leventhal Adam M. , Cho Junhan , Ray Lara A. , Liccardo Pacula Rosalie , Lee Brian P. , Terrault Norah , Pedersen Eric , Lee Jungeun Olivia , Davis Jordan P. , Jin Haomiao , Huh Jimi , Wilson John P. , Whaley Reid C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study characterized the prevalence, drinking patterns, and sociodemographic characteristics of U.S. adult subpopulations with distinct drinking trajectories during the COVID‐19 pandemic's first 42 weeks.MethodsAdult respondents (n = 8130) in a nationally representative prospective longitudinal study completed 21 biweekly web surveys (March 2020 to January 2021). Past‐week alcohol drinking frequency (drinking days [range: 0 to 7]) and intensity (binge drinking on usual past‐week drinking day [yes/no]) were assessed at each timepoint. Growth mixture models identified multiple subpopulations with homogenous drinking trajectories based on mean drinking days or binge drinking proportional probabilities across time.ResultsFour drinking frequency trajectories were identified: Minimal/stable (72.8% [95% CI = 71.8 to 73.8]) with <1 mean past‐week drinking days throughout; Moderate/late decreasing (6.7% [95% CI = 6.2 to 7.3) with 3.13 mean March drinking days and reductions during summer, reaching 2.12 days by January 2021; Moderate/early increasing (12.9% [95% CI = 12.2 to 13.6) with 2.13 mean March drinking days that increased in April and then plateaued, ending with 3.20 mean days in January 2021; and Near daily/early increasing (7.6% [95% CI = 7.0 to 8.2]) with 5.58 mean March drinking days that continued increasing without returning to baseline. Four drinking intensity trajectories were identified: Minimal/stable (85.8% [95% CI = 85.0% to 86.5%]) with <0.01 binge drinking probabilities throughout; Low‐to‐moderate/fluctuating (7.4% [95% CI = 6.8% to 8%]) with varying binge probabilities across timepoints (range:0.12 to 0.26); Moderate/mid increasing (4.2% [95% CI = 3.7% to 4.6%]) with 0.39 April binge drinking probability rising to 0.65 during August–September without returning to baseline; High/early increasing trajectory (2.7% [95% CI = 2.3% to 3%]) with 0.84 binge drinking probability rising to 0.96 by June without returning to baseline. Males, Whites, middle‐aged/older adults, college degree recipients, those consistently working, and those above the poverty limit were overrepresented in various increasing (vs. minimal/stable) frequency trajectories. Males, Whites, nonmarried, those without college degree, 18 to 39‐year‐olds, and middle aged were overrepresented in increasing (vs. minimal/stable) intensity trajectories.ConclusionsSeveral distinct U.S. adult sociodemographic subpopulations appear to have acquired new drinking patterns during the pandemic's first 42 weeks. Frequent alcohol use assessment in the COVID‐19 era could improve personalized medicine and population health efforts to reduce drinking.
Urban restoration of common species: population genetics of reintroduced native bush rats Rattus fuscipes in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Wright A. L. , Anson J. R. , Leo V. , Wright B. R. , Newsome T. M. , Grueber C. E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCommon species play a disproportionate role in shaping ecosystem structure and function, but are currently under‐represented in conservation translocation initiatives. This represents a missed opportunity because common species are typically easier to source for restoration projects, and larger numbers of common species can feasibly be translocated without substantially impacting source populations. Reintroduction of common species is an important first step in the faunal restoration of severely impacted habitats, such as urban spaces. Common species typically retain higher genetic diversity than threatened species, but this also means that they may have more to lose via population bottlenecks that can occur from translocation. To inform efforts to translocate common species, we assessed genetic impacts of a reintroduction of the common native bush rat Rattus fuscipes to an urban reserve at North Head, Sydney (Australia). Using single‐nucleotide polymorphism diversity, we found that differentiation between source populations was low. Nevertheless, admixture during reintroduction and follow‐up translocations initially increased standardized observed heterozygosity of North Head‐born bush rats and population NE, with a subtle corresponding decrease in within‐population kinship. For 3 years following the last translocation, we detected a small decline in genetic diversity in the North Head population, although final statistics remained similar to the source populations. Our results indicate that no short‐term interventions are necessary to further promote bush rat genetic diversity at North Head, but that continued genetic monitoring will be important to determine whether a trend in declining diversity continues as the population stabilizes. We conclude that translocation of a large number of individuals from multiple sources presents a suitable option for restoring an extirpated small mammal population whilst minimizing genetic effects typically associated with such management actions. Common species present viable candidates for translocations aiming to return biodiversity to disturbed or fragmented urban ecosystems.
Perceptions of NZ orthodontists and periodontists on the management of gingival recession in orthodontic patients
Authors: Wang T , Zhao R , Yang R , Li Y , Lien HL , Mei L , Nogueira G 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the perceptions and opinions of orthodontists and periodontists on the management of gingival recession in orthodontic patients.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 29 periodontists and 80 orthodontists registered and currently practising in New Zealand. All participants answered questions about the timing and clinical indications of mucogingival surgeries in orthodontic patients diagnosed with mucogingival deformities.ResultsMost periodontists and orthodontists believed that gingival grafts should ideally be performed after orthodontic treatment. In clinical practice, 40% of periodontists indicated that they would receive referrals after completion of orthodontic treatment. However, 29.6% of orthodontists indicated that they would refer to a periodontist before orthodontic treatment in clinical practice. The most crucial factor that affected periodontists' decision‐making was 'evidence‐based guidelines' (35.0%), followed by 'clinical experience' (30.0%) and 'patient concerns' (15.0%). All four factors of 'gingival phenotype', 'presence of gingival recession', 'amount of keratinised tissue' and 'planning specific tooth movements' were equally considered by orthodontists regarding their decision‐making.ConclusionsThe majority of the surveyed New Zealand periodontists and orthodontists expressed a belief that the ideal timing for the management of gingival recessions would be after the completion of orthodontic treatment.
Poultry exposure and environmental protection against asthma in rural children
Authors: Xing Yuhan , Wang Maggie H. , Leung Ting‐Fan , Wong Chun‐Kwok , Roponen Marjut , Schaub Bianca , Li Jing , Wong Gary W. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and the prevalence has been increasing over the past few decades. One of the most consistent epidemiological findings is that children living in a farming or rural environment are protected from development of asthma and allergies, but the protective factors in rural China are not clear.MethodsA community‐based, cross‐sectional epidemiological study was performed in a total of 17,587 children aged 5–8 years, 3435 from Hong Kong (urban) and 14,152 from Conghua (rural county in southern China). Asthma and allergic symptoms as well as environmental exposures were ascertained by using a standardized and validated questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of current wheeze was significantly lower in rural Conghua than that of urban Hong Kong (1.7% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.001). A lower rate of asthma ever was also reported in rural children compared with their urban counterparts (2.5% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, exposure to agricultural farming (adjusted odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.56–0.97) and poultry (0.75, 0.59–0.96) were the most important factors associated with the asthma‐protective effect in the rural area. Further propensity score‐adjusted analysis indicated that such protection conferred by living in the rural environment was mainly attributable to poultry exposure.ConclusionsWe confirmed that the prevalence of asthma and atopic disorders was significantly lower in rural children when compared with their urban peers. Exposure to poultry and agricultural farming are the most important factors associated with asthma protection in the rural area.
Effect of perioperative fluid volume restriction on the incidence of complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Park Jangho , Han Sung‐Sik , Park Sang‐Jae , Kang Mee Joo , Park Hyeong Min , Yu Jihye , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative fluid restriction has been suggested to reduce morbidity and length of stay. The purpose of this study was to compare the morbidity following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) between fluid restriction group and conventional management group.MethodsSeventy‐two patients were enrolled for perioperative fluid restriction of PD. During the operation, main fluid was infused at a rate of less than 8 mL/kg/hr. Until POD#3, 10% dextrose and Hartmann's solution were administered at rates of 40 mL/h and {(1.5*body weight) − 42} mL/h, respectively. The historical control group consisted of 139 patients. We compared the rates of major complication (Clavien‐Dindo grade III to V) and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF), length of hospital stays (LOS), amount of urine output, and the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI).ResultsThe rates of major complication (19.0% versus 18.7%; p > 0.999), CR‐POPF (15.5% versus 15.1%; p > 0.999), and LOS (19 days [range: 10–52] versus 19 days [range: 11–75]; p = 0.514) were comparable in the study and the control group, respectively. Amount of urine output during the operation and from POD#1 to POD#3 was more than minimal amount (0.5 mL/kg/hr) in the both groups. Incidence rate of AKI in the study group was not higher than the control group (Stage I: 1.7% versus 2.9%, p > 0.999; stage II: 0% versus 1.4%, p > 0.999).ConclusionThere was no decrease in incidence of morbidity including POPF following PD with perioperative fluid restriction. Fluid restriction was feasible because it did not reduce urine output and did not increase incidence of AKI.