bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple and contrasting pressures determine intraspecific phytochemical variation in a tropical shrub
Authors: Glassmire Andrea , Carson Walter , Smilanich Angela , Richards Lora , Jeffrey Christopher , Dodson Craig , Philbin Casey , Humberto Garcia , Dyer Lee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intraspecific phytochemical variation across a landscape can cascade up trophic levels, potentially mediating the composition of entire insect communities. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of the processes that regulate and maintain phytochemical variation likely because these processes are complex and operate simultaneously both temporally and spatially. To assess how phytochemistry varies within species, we tested the degree to which resource availability, contrasting soil type, and herbivory generate intraspecific chemical variation in growth and defense of the tropical shrub, Piper imperiale (Piperaceae). We quantified changes in both growth (e.g., nutritional protein, above- and below-ground biomass) and defense (e.g., imide chemicals) of individual plants using a well-replicated fully factorial shade-house experiment in Costa Rica. We found that plants grown in low light and nutrient-poor residual soil had reduced foliar protein, while those grown in high light and richer old alluvial soil had increased protein. Thus, investment into growth was determined by resource availability and soil composition. Surprisingly, we found that chemical defenses decreased in response to herbivory. We also found that changes in plant protein were more plastic compared to plant defense, indicating that constitutive defenses may be relatively fixed, and thus an adaptation to chronic herbivory that is common in tropical forests. We demonstrate that intraspecific phytochemical variation of P. imperiale is shaped by resource availability from light and soil type. Because environmental heterogeneity occurs over small spatial scales (tens of meters), herbivores may be faced with a complex phytochemical landscape that may regulate how much damage any individual plant sustains.
Experimental Study on Different Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution in High-Density Sludge Sediment of Copper Mines
Authors: Cai Ruoyan , Xue Jinchun , He Min , You Jiajia , Wang Weiwei , Han Huaqin , Tan Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
HDS sediment is a type of solid waste produced when the high-concentration mud method (HDS) is adopted to treat acid wastewater from copper mines. It can rationally utilize sediment resources by using phytoremediation.
Methods
To reveal the effect of different phytoremediation on the heavy metal, enrichment capacity and microbial diversity of the HDS sediments of copper mines, in this experiment, the HDS sediments of a copper mine without phytoremediation were selected as the control group, while the sediments of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelmann) and Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) were used as test groups to analyze the physical and chemical properties, heavy metal pollution and bioaccumulation capacity of HDS sediments under three phytoremediation.
Results
The results show that different phytoremediation can reduce the sediment's conductivity and adjust the sediment's pH value to the range suitable for plant growth. The BCFShoot and BTF values of Chinese white poplar to Cd and Zn and slash pine to Pb were both greater than 1.
Conclusions
As discovered from the bioconcentration coefficient and biotransport coefficient results, Chinese white poplar is an enriched plant of Cd and Zn, while slash pine is a plant full of Pb.
An Assessment of the Proportion of LGB+ Persons in the Belgian Population, their Identification as Sexual Minority, Mental Health and Experienced Minority Stress
Authors: De Schrijver Lotte , Fomenko Elizaveta , Krahé Barbara , Dewaele Alexis , Harb Jonathan , Janssen Erick , Motmans Joz , Roelens Kristien , Beken Tom Vander , Keygnaert Ines 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies report vast mental health problems in sexual minorities. Representative national proportion estimates on self-identifying LGB+ persons are missing in Belgium. Lacking data collection regarding sexual orientation in either census or governmental survey data limits our understanding of the true population sizes of different sexual orientation groups and their respective health outcomes. This study assessed the proportion of LGB+ and heterosexual persons in Belgium, LGB+ persons’ self-identification as sexual minority, mental health, and experienced minority stress. Method: A representative sample of 4,632 individuals drawn from the Belgian National Register completed measures of sexual orientation, subjective minority status and its importance for their identity as well as a range of mental-health measures. Results: LGB+ participants made up 10.02% of the total sample and 52.59% of LGB+ participants self-identified as sexual minority. Most sexual minority participants considered sexual minority characteristics important for their identity. LGB+ persons reported significantly worse mental health than heterosexual persons. Sexual minority participants did not report high levels of minority stress, but those who considered minority characteristics key for their identity reported higher levels of minority stress. LGB+ participants who did not identify as minority reported fewer persons they trust. Conclusions: The proportion of persons who identified as LGB+ was twice as large as the proportion of persons who identified as a minority based on their sexual orientation. LGB+ persons show poorer mental health compared to heterosexual persons. This difference was unrelated to minority stress, sociodemographic differences, minority identification, or the importance attached to minority characteristics.
The Influence of Aging on the Fracture Load of Monolithic Crowns
Authors: Sarıkaya Işıl , Güleç Ceyda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: This in-vitro study was conducted to assess the fracture load of molar crowns fabricated with monolithic CAD/CAM materials. Methods: The crown restorations were produced from Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and IPS e.max CAD blocks. Dual-axis chewing simulator (50 N, 1.1 Hz, lateral movement: 1 mm, mouth opening: 2 mm, 1,200,000 cycles) and thermocycling (± 5-55 °C, 6000 cycles) were applied as an aging procedure to half of the samples. Aging was not applied to the other half of the specimens. Then, all samples were evaluated in a universal testing machine to determine the fracture loading values’. Repeated measures of Variance analysis were used for statistical analysis of the data (p < 0.05).Results: The aging applied Vita Enamic crowns (1978,71 ± 364,05 N) were exhibited the lowest fracture load value. No aging process applied IPS e. max CAD crowns (3098,4 ± 667,09 N) were exhibited the highest fracture load value. According to the fracture load values after the aging process, statistically significantly different was found Vita Enamic crowns from all the others.Conclusions: Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and IPS e.max CAD monolithic crowns used in the study were found resistant to the 5-years aging process via chewing simulator. Cerasmart, a hybrid ceramic material may be used as an alternative to IPS e.max CAD when considering the behavior against fracture load.
Lidocaine transdermal patch reduced the pain intensity in neuropathic cancer patients with opioid treatment
Authors: Lin Peng-Chan , Tsai Jui-Hung , Liu I-Ting , Su Pei-Fang , Huang Ying-Tzu , Chiu Ge-Lin , Chen Yu-Yeh , Lai Wei-Shu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Limited efficacy has been observed when using opioid to treat neuropathic pain. Lidocaine patches reduce neuropathic pain in post-herpetic neuralgia, but their benefits for cancer-related neuropathic pain remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate a useful treatment for cancer-related neuropathic pain. The primary endpoint was pain intensity evaluated by the numerical rating scale (NRS). The secondary endpoints were the pain relief score and the quality of analgesic treatment. Methods:We assessed the efficacy and safety of lidocaine transdermal patches in patients experiencing neuropathic cancer pain.Terminal cancer patients with opioid treatmentparticipated in the 3-day study. Results:The results showed a statistically significant difference in the median NRS over three days (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<0.0001). The median NRS pain intensity from Day 1 to Day 3 was 4.0 with 95% C.I. (3.3, 5.0), 3.0 (2.5, 3.5) and 2.5 (2.0, 3.0), respectively. The difference between the median NRS pain intensities of any two days was statistically significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the pain relief score or the quality of analgesic treatment. Conclusions:In this study, the 5% lidocaine transdermal patch reduced the NRS pain intensity in neuropathic cancer patients with opioid treatment. The transdermal patch is generally useful and well-tolerated.
Mathematical Modeling of The Transmission Dynamics of Amoebiasis With Some Interventions
Authors: Mwaijande Stephen Edward , Mpogolo Godfrey Edward 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A mathematical model for amoebiasis is developed and presented. The model captures some control interventions such as screening, treatment, and sanitation. The effective reproductive number is computed and is used to analyze the stability of the model system. Sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the parameters that impact the transmission of the disease; as such, it could need more attention to bring the disease to an end. Numerical results show a reduction in infections when at least each of the control measures considered is applied efficiently. Moreover, the findings show that carriers play a potential role in the prevalence of amoebiasis, ignoring them undermines the efforts of containing this epidemic. On the other hand, sensitivity analysis shows that indirect transmission contributes to more infections than direct transmission.
Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Early Responses of Iron and Iron Regulatory Proteins in Young Female Basketball Players
Authors: Cichoń Justyna , Ostapiuk-Karolczuk Joanna , Cieślicka Mirosława , Dziewiecka Hanna , Marcinkiewicz Anita , Tafil-Klawe Małgorzata , Basta Piotr , Maciejewski Dariusz , Skarpańska-Stejnborn Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Accumulation of physiological stress and the presence of inflammation disturb iron management in athletes during intense training. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating iron levels in athletes during training periods with low training loads. In the current study, we analyzed the effect of exercise on early responses of iron and iron regulatory proteins during such training periods.
Methods
The study was performed at the end of competitive phase of training. Twenty-seven trained female basketball players (age, 16,55 ± 0,96 years; weight, 66,40 ± 13,68 kg) participated in the study. The participants performed a maximum exercise test on a treadmill. Blood samples were taken before the test, immediately after exercise, and after 3 h of restitution. Parameters, such as interleukin (IL) 6, hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin, hemopexin, and lactoferrin levels, and TIBC and UIBC were determined by using appropriate biochemical tests.
Results
Intense physical effort performed at the end of the competitive phase led to an increase in iron levels after exercise. The iron levels decreased within 3 h of exercise. No significant changes in the levels of hepcidin, IL-6, and other proteins related to the regulation of iron levels were observed. Except for iron levels, only TIBC levels significantly increased after exercise and decreased to baseline level during rest period.
Conclusions
The results suggest that at the end of the competitive phase of training, when training loads are much lower than those at the beginning or in the middle of competitive phase, the post-exercise increase in iron levels is not necessarily accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the levels of hepcidin or inflammatory markers. Ferritin may be the source of iron ions and transferrin may be responsible for their return to baseline. However, both the source of the released iron ions and the mechanism responsible for their regulation require further research.
Major cardiovascular events and readmission risk of patients post percutaneous coronary intervention in one year based on ApoB/ApoA-Ι
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yao Linlin , Ferdous Misbahul , Zhu Baolong , Zhao Peng , Li Xiujun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a practical and effective method for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD).The aim of this study is to assess the clinical value of ApoB/ApoA-Ι in predicting the major cardiovascular events(MACEs) and hospital readmission risk within one year in CHD patients post PCI. Methods: 1938 patients who underwent PCI treatment from January 2010 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Basic information, medications and biochemical indicators were recorded at admission and the one year follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed to determine the relationship between ApoB/ApoA-Ι and MACEs, as well as readmission. The Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to illustrate the cumulative incidence of MACEs and readmission. Predictive nomograms were established to predict prognosis for MACEs and readmission. Results: Cox regression analysis showed that ApoB/ApoA-Ι is an independent risk factor for MACEs in patients after PCI(P=0.031). The incidence of MACEs in the high-level ApoB/ApoA-Ι group (ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio>0.824) increased within one year and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.037). The incidence of readmission increased within one year was not statistically significant. In addition, the nomogram predicted one year MACEs more accurately(C-index: 0.647).Conclusions: The ratio of ApoB/ApoA-Ι has important predictive value for the risk of MACEs occurrence in one year for CHD patients post PCI.
Prognostıc Value And Morphologıcal Fındıngs Of Overexpressıon Of Glypıcan-3 In Hepatocellular Carcınoma
Authors: Karaogullarindan Ümit , Uskudar Oguz , Odabas Emre , Tozluklu Nur , Güler Hasan Selim , Kuran Sedef , Benli Burcu Arslan , Gümürdülü Yüksel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer all over the world and is second in cancer-related deaths. . In HCC, whose prognosis is still not good despite current treatments, there is a need for prognostic markers as well as early diagnosis. Glypican (GPC)-3 has been proposed as a potential serologic and histochemical marker specific to HCC. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between GPC3 overexpression and HCC prognosis and clinicomorphologic features.Patients and methods: In total 152 patients patients who were diagnosed as a result of hepatectomy, lobectomy, or liver transplantation were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups as GPC3-positive (>10%) and GPC3-negative (<10%). The demographic data of the patients ,tumor characteristics , survival times were recorded.Results: Survival was significantly lower in the GPC3+ group. In the multivariate analysis, hepatitis C, AFP, tumor number, tumor focality, portal vein tumor thrombosis, and GLP3 positivity were found to be independent risk factors on survival.Conclusion: Our study showing that GPC3 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor in HCC.GLP3 positivity were found to be independent risk factors on survival.
The private sector market for mRDTs in Nigeria - results of the 2018 market survey.
Authors: Edwards Hannah M. , Sarwar Rubaiyath , Mahmud Parvez , Emmanuel Shekarau , Maxwell Kolawole , Tibenderana James K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTo avoid misuse of antimalarials, correct diagnosis of fever prior to drug prescription is essential. Presumptive treatment in the private healthcare sector is a concern in Nigeria where availability of affordable artemisinin combination therapy is high following the implementation of subsidy schemes from 2010 to 2017. Similar subsidies have not, however, been implemented for malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs). A market survey in 2018 predominantly designed to assess the ACT market in the private sector also collected data related to mRDTs, results of which are presented herein. MethodsA 2018 market survey consisted of i) an outlet survey targeting private pharmacies and Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) across different regions of Nigeria to assess supply-side market factors related to availability of mRDTs and ii) a household survey to determine demand-side factors related to knowledge of mRDTs, healthcare-seeking practices and affordability. ResultsAvailability of mRDTs at the time of the survey was low in both outlet types and significantly lower in PPMVs (22.1%, 95% CI [17.7-27.1] among pharmacies versus 13.6%, 95% CI [10.3-17.5] among PPMVs, p<0.01). Reasons for not restocking mRDTs included low demand and no supply. The majority of households diagnose malaria based on experience, while one-third would visit a PPMV or pharmacy. Half of HHs had heard of mRDTs (48.4%) and 38.6% thought they were affordable.ConclusionLow availability of mRDTs among PPMVs and pharmacies may be attributed to lack of demand, supply-side issues and cost. Increasing HH knowledge of mRDTs may aid increasing demand, while subsidised mRDTs may address supply and price issues. Addressing the deficit in mRDT provision is important to prevent over-prescription of ACT medicines.
Identification of texture MRI brain abnormalities on first-episode psychosis and clinical high-risk patients using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Korda Alexandra , Andreou Christina , Rogg Helena Victoria , Avram Mihai , Ruef Anne , Davatzikos Christos , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Borgwardt Stefan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Structural MRI studies in first-episode psychosis and the clinical high-risk state have consistently shown volumetric abnormalities. Aim of the present study was to introduce radiomics texture features in identification of psychosis. Radiomics texture features describe the interrelationship between voxel intensities across multiple spatial scales capturing the hidden information of underlying disease dynamics in addition to volumetric changes. Structural MR images were acquired from 77 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 58 clinical high-risk patients with no later transition to psychosis (CHR_NT), 15 clinical high-risk patients with later transition (CHR_T) and 44 healthy controls (HC). Radiomics texture features were extracted from non-segmented images, and two classification schemas were performed for the identification of FEP vs. HC and FEP vs. CHR_NT. The group of CHR_T was used as external validation in both schemas. The classification of a subject’s clinical status was predicted by importing separately a) the difference of entropy feature map and b) the contrast feature map, resulting in classification accuracy above 72% in both analyses. The proposed framework enhances the classification decision for FEP, CHR_NT and HC subjects, verifies diagnosis-relevant features and may potentially contribute to identification of structural biomarkers for psychosis, beyond and above volumetric brain changes.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Obesity-related Chronic Disease: a Cohort Study
Authors: Tajali Azam , Azizi Mohammad , Moradi Mehdi , Tahmasebi Worya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the physical activity level of men with women and to evaluate the relationship between physical activity level with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in Ravansar, Kermanshah province, Iran.Method: This study was conducted based on the data from Ravansar non-communicable disease (RaNCD) cohort study examining 10059 men and women aged 35-65. The body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The standard physical activity questionnaire (SPAQ) was obtained and the participants were divided into three categories; inactive, relatively active, and active using MET. Results: The results show that 47.42% of participants in the cohort were male (n=770). While the prevalence of diabetes was higher in men (7.98% of women vs. 8.39% of men), the prevalence of obesity (36.5% vs. 16.8%), and blood pressure (18.28% vs. 16.8%) were higher in women, respectively. Only 33.6% of men and 10.1% of women were categorized as active (MET≥45) (p <0.05). The results also indicate an inverse, significant relationship between the physical activity level and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in both men and women, not in men (P >0.001). Active men and women (METs≥45) had lower risks for developing obesity, diabetes, and hypertension compared with inactive counterparts (METs = 24-36.5).Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of obesity and overweight and also the effect of increased physical activity on reducing the risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension development, suitable programs to increase the physical activity level must be considered in men and women.
Symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in coccinellid parasitoids: genetic diversity, horizontal transfer and recombination
Authors: Shaikevich Elena , Romanov Denis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Parasitoids, which constitute about 25% of all insects and attack arthropods of virtually all taxa, are considered the most suitable vectors for horizontal transmission of the symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia among insects. The parasitoids studied in this article develop in the larvae and pupae of ladybirds. For the first time, Wolbachia was found in parasitic wasp species of the genus Homalotylus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and from the subfamily Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). To characterize the Wolbachia strains, six bacterial housekeeping genes were examined and compared with previously published Wolbachia gene sequences. The same bacterial strains were found in all individuals of each species of parasitic wasps collected in different places and at different times, which indicates the absence of contamination and testifies to the heritability of the symbionts in the studied chalcids. No evidence was found that the parasitic wasps were infected with Wolbachia, identical to the symbionts of their ladybirds hosts. The exception was the Wolbachia wHom-2 strain, which is a product of bacterial recombination from unrelated insects, including ladybirds. The lack of correspondence between the molecular phylogenies of Wolbachia strains and mithochondrial DNA of their hosts and the discovered case of recombinant haplotype indicate horizontal transfers of Wolbachia among parasitic wasps.