bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Curve of Resident Surgeons for Open Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Ueda Junji , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Objective
We evaluated the effect of postgraduate surgical education on inguinal hernia repair for resident surgeons.

Methods
A total of 93 adult patients underwent open mesh repairs for inguinal hernias. These patients were randomly assigned to junior or senior resident surgeon groups for inguinal hernia repairs. The surgical training program for inguinal hernia repair was subdivided into 3 consecutive steps: sections A, B, and C. The sections were defined as follows: (A) the starting point of the surgery to hanging the spermatic cord, (B) dissection of the hernia sac, and (C) placement of the hernia mesh. The time to complete each procedure was recorded. We then evaluated the learning curve of the junior resident surgeons for open mesh repair of inguinal hernia.

Results
The mean operative time of the junior resident group was significantly longer than that of the senior resident group. Particularly, the mean times of the junior residents for sections B and C were significantly longer than those of the senior resident group. However, the volume of intraoperative blood loss and the short-term outcomes were not significantly different between the groups. For section C of the procedure, the learning curve seemed shorter for junior resident surgeons who had completed the training program for inguinal hernia repair than that for junior resident surgeons who were just beginning this program.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a junior resident surgeon's initial experience with hernia repair is associated with an identifiable learning curve when participating in a suitable training program.
Preoperative Oral-Bowel Preparation Using Sodium Picosulfate and Magnesium Citrate Combination Powder for Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ohta Katsuya , Ikenaga Masakazu , Ueda Masami , Iede Kiyotsugu , Tsuda Yujiro , Nakashima Shinsuke , Tanida Tsukasa , Nojiri Takashi , Matsuyama Jin , Endo Shunji , Yamada Terumasa 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine if induction of sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate (SPMC) preparation leads to adequate surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer (CRC).Summary of Background DataAdequate bowel cleansing is vital for safe and accurate colorectal surgery. Ingestion of laxatives for bowel cleansing may be associated with a broad spectrum of adverse effects during surgical intervention.MethodsA single-center prospective study was conducted with hospitalized patients scheduled operation for left-sided CRC. All enrolled patients were instructed to consume normal diet until before preparation. Twenty-seven patients underwent preoperative SPMC preparation.ResultsThe primary endpoint of this study was the 30-day postoperative morbidity rate, which was 23%, and no postoperative complication was higher than Clavien-Dindo grade 3. The primary anastomosis rate was 100%, and there was no anastomotic leakage. The colonic cleansing grades were 1 or 2 according to the bowel preparation scale for surgical assessment in 89% of the patients. The acceptability of the cleansing procedure by the patients assessed by a questionnaire was 85%, and the acceptability of the SPMC preparation by the medical staff was 93%. The surgical procedures included 18 laparoscopies, 6 robotic surgeries, and 3 laparotomies. The median operation time was 165 minutes, and the median blood loss was &lt;50 cc. The median sodium serum concentration was significantly decreased after surgery.ConclusionIngestion of an SPMC preparation as a cleansing procedure was judged to be adequate for curative surgery in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer.
Application of reference air kerma alert levels for pediatric fluoroscopic examinations
Authors: Somasundaram Elanchezhian , Brady Samuel L. , Strauss Keith J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to provide an empirical model to develop reference air kerma (RAK) alert levels as a function of patient thickness or age for pediatric fluoroscopy for any institution to use in a Quality Assurance program. RAK and patient thickness were collected for 10&663 general fluoroscopic examinations and 1500 fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGIs). RAK and patient age were collected for 6137 fluoroscopic examinations with mobile‐C‐arms (MC). Coefficients of linear regression fits of logarithmic RAK as a function of patient thickness or age were generated for each fluoroscopy group. Regression fits of RAK for 50%, 90%, and 98% upper prediction levels were used as inputs to derive an empirical formula to estimate alert levels as a function of patient thickness. A methodology is presented to scale results from this study for any patient thickness or age for any institution, for example, the patient thickness dependent RAK alert level at the top 1% of expected RAK can be set using the 98% upper prediction interval boundary given by: , where xavg is the institute's average patient thickness or age, and is the intercept based on the average RAK of the patient population calculated as is the institution's average RAK (mGy). m and s98 are constants presented for each type of fluoroscope and RAK group and represent slope of the fit and scale factor, respectively. An empirical equation, which estimates alert levels expressed as air Kerma without backscatter at the interventional reference point as a function of patient thickness or age is provided for each fluoroscopic examination type. The empirical equations allow any facility with limited data to scale the results of this study's single facility data to model their practice's unique RAK alert levels and patient population demographics to establish pediatric alert levels for fluoroscopic procedures.
Crosslinked Nanofiber‐Reinforced Solid‐State Electrolytes with Polysulfide Fixation Effect Towards High Safety Flexible Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sheng Jinzhi , Zhang Qi , Sun Chongbo , Wang Junxiong , Zhong Xiongwei , Chen Biao , Li Chuang , Gao Runhua , Han Zhiyuan , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolid‐state lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries using gel polymer electrolytes have attracted much attention owing to their higher safety compared to liquid electrolytes and lower interfacial resistance compared to ceramic electrolytes. However, except for their unsatisfactory lithium‐ion conductivity, relatively low mechanical strength, the unavoidable polysulfide shuttling in gel polymer electrolytes still limits their development. This work designed a poly(ethylene oxide)‐polyacrylonitrile (PEO‐PAN) copolymer membrane electrolyte, in which PAN fibers act as both a filler and crosslinker. This structure not only provides improved ionic conductivity, high mechanical strength, and lithium dendrite blocking ability, it also inhibits polysulfide shuttling as a result of strong polysulfide adsorption by the CNO functional groups formed during the PEO and PAN crosslinking process, which improves the safety, cycling stability and rate capability when used in Li–S batteries. A more than 96% capacity retention after 1000 bend cycles of the flexible battery is also achieved because of the high flexibility and high bonding strength of this electrolyte.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Cell Seeding: Magnetic Patterning and Magnetic 3D Cell Culture
Authors: Kappes Mona , Friedrich Bernhard , Pfister Felix , Huber Christian , Friedrich Ralf Phillipp , Stein René , Braun Christian , Band Julia , Schreiber Eveline , Alexiou Christoph , Janko Christina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn regenerative medicine, noncontact manipulation of cells enables new possibilities for tissue engineering. Due to their physicochemical properties, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used in biomedicine for various applications, e.g., as drug transporters, contrast agents or to make cells maneuverable by magnetic forces. SPIONs attached to and/or taken up by cells enable their magnetic targeting for adoptive immune therapies or tissue engineering. Remote control of different “magnetized” cell types can be used to construct multilayered tissues without the need for a scaffold structure. Here, the suitability of SPIONs with various coatings, such as polyacrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid (PAM), lauric acid (LA), lauric acid‐human serum albumin (HSA), and citrate to magnetize cells is compared with the commercially available NanoShuttle‐PL, designed for use in magnetic 3D cell cultures. Depending on the amount of cellular labeling, magnetic control is more or less effective. In particular, PAM‐ and citrate‐coated SPIONs achieve good cellular loading and provide magnetic controllability of cells. In 2D cell culture, the magnetic cargo allows the patterned culture of cells. In 3D, SPIONs enable and accelerate spheroid formation as well as micropatterning using unloaded and loaded cells in parallel.
Magnetothermal Modulation of Calcium‐Dependent Nerve Growth
Authors: Rosenfeld Dekel , Field Hannah , Kim Ye Ji , Pang Karen Ka Lam , Nagao Keisuke , Koehler Florian , Anikeeva Polina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNerve injuries are common, and the available treatments including invasive surgeries do not guarantee complete regeneration of the injured nerves and restoration of function. Despite the ability of peripheral nerves to regenerate, the slow rate of axonal growth hampers the functional recovery. Development of new approaches to discover underlying mechanisms that may accelerate axonal growth is needed to overcome these limitations and augment available treatments of nerve injury. In addition to chemical factors, recent studies suggested the use of optogenetics and electrical stimulation to promote axonal growth. The underlying mechanisms of these approaches, however, require further investigation. Furthermore, their application relies on invasive hardware, which may not be compatible with injured nerves under significant mechanical deformation. Here, it is shown that thermal activation of a heat sensitive ion channel TRPV1 promotes axonal growth in a calcium‐dependent manner. By leveraging heat dissipation of magnetic nanoparticles in alternating magnetic fields, the calcium influx through TRPV1 channels endogenously expressed in dorsal root ganglion explants is triggered remotely. The accelerated axonal growth through elongation of neurofilaments and increased Schwann cell migration following magnetothermal stimulation is observed. These findings suggest future applications of magnetothermal modulation of axonal growth as a minimally invasive approach to accelerate nerve regeneration.
A Multiscale Porous 3D‐Fabric Evaporator with Vertically Aligned Yarns Enables Ultra‐Efficient and Continuous Water Desalination
Authors: Lei Zhiwei , Zhu Shifeng , Sun Xuantong , Yu Shaonan , Liu Xuqing , Liang Kun , Zhang Xueji , Qu Lijun , Wang Lili , Zhang Xiansheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolar steam generation has emerged as an environment‐friendly and promising strategy to overcome the freshwater and energy crisis. However, simultaneously attaining the satisfied evaporation rate, durability and energy utilization in a single system is challengeable, but crucial to the practical application. Herein, inspired by the carpet weaving technique and benefiting from “fiber–yarn–fabric” hierarchical structures, a 3D fabric evaporator with vertical hemp‐yarn arrays is innovatively constructed, featuring a combined structure of multiscale pores from tunable spacing between adjacent fibers or yarns, the vertically aligned architecture coated with superhydrophilic MXene‐sandwiched layer and the adjustable side height/areas. These structures work cooperatively, surprisingly achieving the integrated functions of excellent light capture, the balanced evaporation area and vapor escape space, the additional energy adsorption from the environment and the salt exchange along or between micro/macro pores. Consequently, the 3D evaporator exhibits an outstanding evaporation rate (3.95 kg m−2 h−1 under one‐sun illumination) and extremely high outdoor evaporation (47.04 kg m−2 for 8 h), accompanied with outstanding salt‐resistance (continuous 120 h in 14% brine without salt accumulation), anti‐oilfouling and anti‐bacterial (efficiency over 99.9%) performances. Finally, through rationally assembling multi‐function modules with a condenser, an all‐in‐one “desalination–thermoelectricity–irrigation” platform is built, realizing the maximum utilization of steam condensation enthalpy.
Tunable d‐Band Centers of Ni5P4 Ultra‐Thin Nanosheets for Highly‐Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Miao Chengcheng , Zang Yanmei , Wang Hang , Zhuang Xinming , Han Ning , Yin Yanxue , Ma Yandong , Chen Ming , Dai Ying , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C. , Yang Zai‐xing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough the recent advance of ultra‐thin 2D nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is remarkable, there are still substantial challenges to reliably control their physioelectric and electrochemical properties to employ as highly‐efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, based on complementary theoretical and experimental studies, the d‐band center position of ultra‐thin 2D Ni5P4 nanosheets can be manipulated by simple heteroatom doping. Interestingly, the Fe‐doped nanosheets yield the lowest d‐band center position, but they do not display the optimal Gibbs free energy of adsorbed H atoms due to the imbalance of adsorption and desorption of adsorbed H atoms. With the proper Co doping (i.e., 20%), the nanosheets exhibit the best electrocatalytic performance along with an excellent stability. The overpotential is only 100.5 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 65.8 mV dec−1, which is superior than those of Fe‐doped, Cu‐doped, and pristine Ni5P4 nanosheets. Ultraviolet photoelectron and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy further verify the downshift of d‐band centers of nanosheets by optimal doping, illustrating that Ni with the lower binding energy mainly dominates the active sites. All these results provide a valuable design scheme of dopants to control the d‐band center position of nanosheets for next‐generation highly‐efficient HER electrocatalysts.
Self‐Standing Membrane of Hetero‐Assembled Nanosheets with Drastically Enhanced Emission and Tunable Color
Authors: Bai Mingjun , Li Junyi , Liu Xiaohe , Sasaki Takayoshi , Ma Renzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelf‐standing membranes are fabricated by filtrating corresponding superlattice units of luminescent rare‐earth hydroxide (e.g., europium doped gadolinium hydroxide (GdEu), terbium doped gadolinium hydroxide (GdTb)) nanosheets, and semiconducting oxide (e.g., Ti0.87O20.52− (TiO), TaO3− (TaO)) nanosheets. The superlattice membrane of GdEu/TiO and GdTb/TaO shows drastically enhanced emission intensity 21.5 and 38.6 times higher than that of GdEu and GdTb, respectively, as well as a higher color purity and longer lifetime. By further integrating both GdEu/TiO and GdTb/TaO superlattices, the (GdEu/TiO)/(GdTb/TaO) integrated membrane exhibits tunable color under different excitations. The superior performance is ascribed to the enhanced energy absorption by the semiconducting oxide nanosheets and efficient energy transfer to rare‐earth hydroxide nanosheets across the nanointerface. Moreover, the superlattice membrane displays strong and stable cathodoluminescence under continuous cathode‐ray radiation. This work demonstrates a new strategy for large‐scale fabrication of self‐standing membranes, which are promising for practical applications in multicolor display fields.
Insights into Boosting Photoelectrochemical Performance Over Cu3(BTC)2 Passivated Cu2O Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Ye Meng , Wu Xi , Li Chuanhao , Song Bo , Ma Xinzhou , Liu Shengwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarth‐abundant Cu2O is a promising photocathode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the serious photocorrosion and low efficiency retard its practical applications. Herein, a porous Cu‐based metal–organic framework material, Cu3(BTC)2, as surface passivation layer is grown on Cu2O nanorod arrays (NRARs) photocathode by in situ surface/interfacial growth. Compared to conventional Cu2O photocathodes, the optimized Cu2O/Cu3(BTC)2 NRARs exhibit two times higher photocurrent density, ≈2.73 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE under visible light irradiation, and the maximum incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) performance reaches 45% (450 nm). It is demonstrated that the Cu3(BTC)2 layer synergistically passivates interfacial defects, forms p–n junctions at the Cu2O/Cu3(BTC)2 interface, and introduces active sites catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), improving charge separation, transfer, and utilization efficiency. Moreover, the oxidative Cu2O photocorrosion is inhibited owing to the accelerated charge dynamics at the Cu2O/Cu3(BTC)2 interface and the hole‐scavenging ability of Cu3(BTC)2, meanwhile, reductive Cu2O photocorrosion at Cu2O/Cu3(BTC)2 is also attenuated by catalyzing the water reduction reaction that competes for photoelectrons and sustaining balanced “Cu2+(Cu+)/Cu0” cycles.
Controlling Crystallization of Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells: Incorporating Bulky Conjugated Ligands
Authors: Coffey Aidan H. , Yang Seok Joo , Gómez Martín , Finkenauer Blake P. , Terlier Tanguy , Zhu Chenhui , Dou Letian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D hybrid halide perovskites have drawn considerable attention due to their improved stability and facile tunability compared to 3D perovskites. The expansiveness of possibilities has thus far been limited by the difficulty in incorporating large ligands into thin‐film devices. Here, a bulky bi‐thiophene 2T ligand is focused on to develop a solvent system around creating strongly vertically‐aligned (2T)2(MA)6Pb7I22 (n = 7) quasi‐2D perovskite films. By starting with a poorly coordinating solvent (gamma‐butyrolactone) and adding a small amount of dimethylsulfoxide and methanol, it is found that vertical orientation and z‐uniformity is greatly improved. These are carefully examined and verified using grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis and advanced optical characterizations. These films are incorporated into champion solar cells that achieve a power conversion efficiency of 13.3%, with a short‐circuit current density of 18.9 mA cm‐2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.96 V, and a fill factor of 73.8%. Furthermore, the quasi‐2D absorbing layers show excellent stability in moisture, remaining unchanged after hundreds of hours. In addition, 2T is compared with the more common ligands butylammonium and phenylethylammonium in this solvent system to develop heuristics and deeper understanding of how to incorporate large ligands into stable photovoltaic devices.
Packing size effects on the liquid circulation property in an external‐loop packed bubble column
Authors: Tang Yanling , Luo Gang , Cheng Zhenmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPacking size effects on the fluid dynamics in an external‐loop packed bubble column with Raschig rings of three different effective diameters (4.9, 14.1, and 40.7 mm) in the riser were investigated. The overall gas holdup, liquid circulating velocity and gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient were respectively measured by volume expansion, tracer‐response, and dynamic oxygen‐absorption techniques. CFD simulation with the Euler–Euler two‐fluid method was used to predict the liquid circulating velocity by treating the packing as a porous medium. Compared to the empty column, the gas holdup was found to increase in the presence of packing, however, the liquid circulating velocity and gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient are rather complicated. Specifically, the gas holdup increases with the decrease of packing size, while the liquid circulating velocity is on the contrary, and the maximal gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient is achieved under packing diameter of 14.1 mm.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indolines via Dearomative Annulation of N‐acylindoles
Authors: Lu Cong‐Cong , Hao Bo‐Ya , Han Ya‐Ping , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolycyclic fused indoline derivatives, specifically those bearing tertiary or quaternary carbon stereocenters at C2 and C3 positions, stand as an important class of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds because they are frequently occurring core structures in a wide variety of alkaloid natural products, pharmaceutical molecules, and functional materials. Over the past few decades, the development of new and versatile synthetic approaches for the construction of indolines has been the focus of a great deal of research initiatives. In this review, recent advances in the dearomative annulation of N‐acylindoles with diverse nucleophiles are summarized since 2012, which could be divided into five categories: 1) Dearomative Heck reactions of N‐acylindoles; 2) Visible‐light‐induced reductive dearomatization of N‐acylindoles; 3) Lewis acid‐catalyzed dearomative reductive reactions of N‐acylindoles; 4) Asymmetric dearomative Heck reactions of N‐acylindoles; 5) Dearomative Heck reactions by other closely related N‐acylindoles reagents.
The role of prolactin/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zhao Hui , Gong Sugang , Shi Yongcong , Luo Cijun , Qiu Hongling , He Jing , Sun Yuanyuan , Huang Yuxia , Wang Shang , Miao Yuqing , Wu Wenhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProlactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by the lactotroph cells of the pituitary. There are two main isoforms of PRL: 23‐kDa PRL (named full‐length PRL) and vasoinhibins (including 5.6–18 kDa fragments). Both act as circulating hormones and cytokines to stimulate or inhibit vascular formation at different stages and neovascularization, including endothelial cell proliferation and migration, protease production, and apoptosis. However, their effects on vascular function and cardiovascular diseases are different or even contrary. In addition to the structure, secretion regulation, and signal transduction of PRL/vasoinhibins, this review focuses on the pathological mechanism and clinical significance of PRL/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases.
Optical Nonreciprocity in Rotating Diamond with Nitrogen‐Vacancy Color Centers
Authors: Huang Hong‐Bo , Lin Jun‐Jie , Yao Yi‐Xuan , Xia Ke‐Yu , Yin Zhang‐Qi , Ai Qing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA method to realize optical nonreciprocity in rotating nano‐diamond with nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers is theoretically proposed here. Because of the relative motion of the NV center with respect to the propagating fields, the frequencies of the fields are shifted due to the Doppler effect. When the control and probe fields are incident to the NV center from the same direction, the two‐photon resonance still holds as the Doppler shifts of the two fields are the same. Thus, due to the electromagnetically‐induced transparency, the probe light can pass through the NV center nearly without absorption. However, when the two fields propagate in opposite directions, the probe light cannot effectively pass through the NV center as a result of the breakdown of two‐photon resonance.
Enantioselective para‐C(sp2)−H Functionalization of Alkyl Benzene Derivatives via Cooperative Catalysis of Gold/Chiral Brønsted Acid**
Authors: Liu Xun‐Shen , Tang Zhiqiong , Si Zhi‐Yao , Zhang Zhikun , Zhao Lei , Liu Lu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn asymmetric para‐C(sp2)−H bond functionalization of alkyl benzene derivatives was successfully developed via cooperative catalysis of gold and chiral phosphoric acid (CPA), leading to synthetically useful chiral 1,1‐diaryl motifs. Chiral phosphoric acid, ligand, and molecular sieves were found to be crucial for enantioselectivity control of this transformation. The salient features of this protocol include mild conditions, high efficiency, commercially available starting materials, highly chemo‐ and site‐ as well as enantioselective aromatic C−H functionalization, broad substrate scope, and extensive applications of the chiral products. The mechanistic studies suggested that two CPAs might be involved in chiral induction.