bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fiber and Debris Release from Protective COVID-19 Mask Textiles and in Vitro Acute Cytotoxicity Effects.
Authors: Meier Philipp , Zabara Mahsa , Hirsch Cordula , Gogos Alexander , Tscherrig Dominic , Richner Gilles , Nowack Bernd , Wick Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Since the start of the current COVID-19 pandemic, for the first time a significant fraction of the world's population cover their respiratory system for an extended period with mostly medical facemasks and textile masks. This new situation raises questions about the extent of mask related debris (fibers and particles) being released and inhaled and possible adverse effects on human health. This study aimed to quantify the debris release from a textile-based facemask in comparison to a surgical mask and a reference cotton textile using both liquid and air extraction. Under liquid extractions, cotton-based textiles released up to 29'452 ± 1'996 fibers g− 1 textile while synthetic textiles released up to 1'030 ± 115 fibers g− 1 textile. However, when the masks were subjected to air-based extraction scenarios, only a fraction (0.1–1.1%) of this fiber amount was released. Several metals including copper (up to 40.8 ± 0.9 µg g− 1) and iron (up to 7.0 ± 0.3 µg g− 1) were detected in acid dissolved textiles. Additionally the acute in vitro toxicity of size-fractionated liquid extracts (below and above 0.4 µm) were assessed on human alveolar basal epithelial cells. The current study shows no acute cytotoxicity response for all the analyzed facemasks.
Precision synthesis and atomistic analysis of deep blue cubic quantum dots made via self-organization
Authors: Chevalier Olivier , Nakamuro Takayuki , Sato Wataru , Miyashita Satoru , Chiba Takayuki , Kido Junji , Shang Rui , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a crystal approaches a few nm in size, atoms become nonequivalent, bonds vibrate, and quantum effects emerge. To study quantum dots (QDs) with structural control common in molecular science, we need atomic precision synthesis and analysis. We describe here the synthesis of QDs of lead bromide perovskite via self-organization of a lead malate chelate complex and PbBr3– under ambient conditions. Millisecond and angstrom resolution electron microscopic analysis revealed the structure and the dynamic behavior of individual QDs—structurally uniform cubes made of 64 lead atoms, where eight malate molecules are located on the eight corners of the cubes, and oleylamonium cations lipophilize and stabilize the edges and faces. Lacking translational symmetry, the cube is to be viewed as a molecule rather than a nanocrystal. The QD exhibits quantitative photoluminescence and stable electroluminescence at approx. 460 nm with a narrow half-maximum linewidth of 15 nm, reflecting minimum structural defects. This controlled synthesis and precise analysis demonstrate the potential of cinematic chemistry for the characterization of nanomaterials beyond the conventional limit.
Suppression of humping bead in high-speed triple-wire gas indirect arc welding
Authors: Wang Zeli , Zhang Tianyi , Dong Xiaonan , Liu Liming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Triple-wire gas indirect arc welding (TW-GIA) is a new technology with the advantages of low heat input and high deposition rate. However, the humping bead restricts the improvement of welding efficiency. In this article, the high-speed cameras and infrared thermal imaging system were used to characterize the formation mechanism of the TW-GIA humping bead. The physical model was established to discuss the force mechanism of the weld poor. And The influence of process parameters on humping bead was studied. The results showed that the increase of the welding angle reduced the arc pressure and droplet impact force in the opposite direction of welding, which was beneficial to eliminate the hump. When the welding height was lower than 3 mm, the excessive arc pressure led to the humping bead with arc crater. When the welding height was greater than 20 mm, the distance between the droplets of side wires was far, forming the humping bead with "double bead" defect. In addition, the flow distance of the liquid metal shortened as the welding current decreased, which could suppress the humping bead. When the ratio of the total wire feeding speed to the welding speed was 10, the critical current was 360 A, and the critical current increased as the ratio increased. The maximum TW-GIA welding speed of bead on plate was 4.2 m/min, which was 137% higher than that of high-speed GMAW.
Drug-related hospital admissions and emergency department visits: a feasibility study and an updated version of the AT-HARM10 assessment tool
Authors: Kempen Thomas , Hedman Anton , Gillespie Ulrika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: AT-HARM10 has been used as a research tool to identify drug-related hospital admissions. Its potential use to assess emergency department (ED) visits and an updated version of the tool have been requested.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility to identify drug-related ED visits with AT-HARM10 and provide an updated version of the tool.Method: A random sample of 400 patients aged 65 years or older from a clinical trial in four Swedish hospitals was selected. All patients’ ED visits within 12 months after discharge were assessed with AT-HARM10. The main outcome measures were the percentage of successfully assessed ED visits and the inter-rater reliability (IRR; Cohen’s kappa). AT-HARM10 was revised based on experience from its use in recent studies.Results: The patients had in total 184 ED visits, of which 179 (97%) were successfully assessed. Fifty-three ED visits (29%) were possibly drug-related. The Cohen’s kappa value was 0.70 (substantial). The instructions and one of the ten questions of AT-HARM10 were changed.Conclusion: It is feasible to identify possible drug-related ED visits in addition to hospital admissions in older patients with AT-HARM10 and the tool has been updated to support its use in clinical research.
Differential Neuropathology, Genetics, and Transcriptomics in Two Kindred Cases with Alzheimer’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Palmieri Ilaria , Poloni Tino Emanuele , Medici Valentina , Zucca Susanna , Davin Annalisa , Pansarasa Orietta , Ceroni Mauro , Tronconi Livio , Guaita Antonio , Gagliardi Stella , Cereda Cristina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) are two different forms of dementia, but their pathology may involve the same cortical areas with overlapping cognitive manifestation. Dementia cases within the same family share a common genetic background. Nonetheless, the clinical phenotype may be different due to the different underlying molecular processes that come up apart from genetics, causing diverse neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to define commonalities and differences in the pathological processes of dementia in two kindred cases, a mother and a son, who developed a classical AD and an aggressive form of AD/LBD respectively, through neuropathological, genetic and transcriptomic comparison of four different brain areas (substantia nigra, hippocampus, parietal lobe and basal ganglia).
Results
Genetic analysis did not reveal any pathogenic variants in the principal AD/LBD-causative genes. RNA sequencing highlighted high transcriptional dysregulation within the substantia nigra in LBD pathology, while AD underwent lower degree of transcriptional dysregulation, with the parietal lobe being the most involved brain area. Conversely, hippocampus (the most degenerated area) and basal ganglia (lacking specific lesions) expressed the lowest level of dysregulation.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that there is a link between the transcriptional dysregulation and the amount of tissue damage accumulated across time, assessed through neuropathology. Moreover, we highlight that the molecular bases of AD and LBD follow very different pathways, which underlie their neuropathological signatures. Indeed, the transcriptome profiling through RNA sequencing may be an important tool in flanking the neuropathological analysis for a deeper understanding of AD and LBD pathogenesis.
Feasibility Study of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Laser Discectomy for Cervical Radicular Pain
Authors: Hu Rong , Zhu Xiaolei , Zhou Yi , Zhang Jianping , Huang Dong , Zhou Haocheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Percutaneous laser discectomy is one common and effective treatment for cervical radicular pain. Currently, the surgery is performed with blind cannulation technique, mainly relies on the experience of surgeon. However, it still remains unsafe and difficult to reach the target. As an alternative, ultrasound-guided cannulation provides visualization of important structures, thus increasing the precision and safety. PURPOSE: The primary goal of this study is to report the detail of the ultrasound-guided technique in the percutaneous laser cervical discectomy. The secondary purpose is to evaluate the feasibility of the novel therapy.STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a single center, feasibility study conducted in one teaching hospital. PATIENT SAMPLE: Thirteen intervertebral discs in 9 patients presented with cervical radicular pain.OUTCOME MEASURES: Accuracy of the cannulation with ultrasonic guidance was confirmed by the anterior-posterior and lateral view of fluoroscopy. We compared the pain severity pre- and post-treatment with Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and functional improvement was assessed with the modified Macnab Criteria and Neck Disability Index (NDI) respectively.METHODS: Ultrasonic short-axis was used to scan the cervical nerve root, and its transition was used to identify the distinct intervertebral space. Following the recognition of targeted cervical level, the ultrasound probe was moved medially for the visualization of the surface of the cervical vertebrae. In plane cannulation was then applied to avoid the injury of the vessels. The location of cannula was confirmed by the fluoroscopic imaging. Low-power laser was set for the cervical disc ablation in this cohort. RESULTS: The majority of the surgical sites maintained in the C5/6 level (38%), and 31% for the C6/7 level respectively. Despite the distinct cervical level, the tip of needle was properly placed near by the targeted intervertebral disc in all participants, which was confirmed by the imaging of fluoroscopy. We did not observe any obvious complications during the procedure. The mean VAS decreased from 7.6 ± 1.1 to 2.3 ± 2.7 one month after discharge, and 2.1 ± 2.6 at the last follow-up. All patients reported significant improvement of NDI up to last follow-up (p=0.0105). Meanwhile, the good to excellent rate was reported in 8 of 9 patients (89%) according to the modified Macnab Criteria.CONCLUSIONS: The finding of this feasibility assessment indicates the ultrasound-based cannulation technique is capable of guiding the cannulation for the percutaneous laser discectomy. It may facilitate identifying the corresponding site of cervical intervertebral disc and prevent the damage of vessel.
Application of blood brain barrier models in pre-clinical assessment of glioblastoma- targeting CAR-T based immunotherapies
Authors: Jezierski Anna , Huang Jez , Li Betty (Ying) , Charlebois Claudie , Nguyen Tina , Liu Ziying , Bloemberg Darin , Zafer Ahmed , Baumann Ewa , Sodja Caroline , Leclerc Sonia , Fewell Gwen , Liu Qing , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , McComb Scott , Stanimirovic Danica B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Human blood brain barrier (BBB) models derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) have become an important tool for discovery and preclinical evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) targeting cell and gene-based therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a revolutionary form of gene-modified cell-based immunotherapy with potential for targeting solid tumors, such as glioblastomas. Crossing the BBB is an important step in the systemic application of CART therapy for the treatment of glioblastomas and other CNS malignancies. In addition, even CART therapies targeting non-CNS antigens such as the well-known CD19-CART therapies, are known to trigger CNS side-effects including brain swelling due to BBB disruption. In this study, we used iPSC-derived brain endothelial-like cell (iBEC) transwell co-culture model to assess BBB extravasation of CART based immunotherapies targeting U87MG human glioblastoma (GBM) cells overexpressing the tumor-specific mutated protein EGFRvIII (U87vIII). Two types of anti-EGFRvIII targeting CART cells with varying tonic signaling profiles (CAR-F263 and CAR-F269) and control Mock T cells were applied on the luminal side of BBB model in vitro. CAR-F263 and CAR-F269 T cells triggered a decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and an increase in permeability. CART cell extravasation and U87vIII cytotoxicity were assessed from the abluminal compartment using flow cytometry and IncuCyte real-time viability imaging, respectively. A significant decrease in U87vIII cell viability was observed over 48 hrs, with the most robust cytotoxicity response observed for the constitutively activated CAR-F263. CAR-F269 T cells showed a similar cytotoxic profile but were both approximately 4-fold less efficient at killing the U87vIII cells compared to CAR-F263, despite similar transmigration rates. Visualization of CART cell extravasation across the BBB was further confirmed using iBEC-on-CHIP models. The described BBB assay was able to discriminate cytotoxic efficacies of the different EGFR-CARs and to provide a measure of potential alterations to BBB integrity. Collectively, we illustrate how BBB models in vitro can be a valuable tool in deciphering the mechanisms of CAR-T–induced BBB disruption, accompanying toxicity and effector function on post-barrier target cells.
Review of the Strengthening Methods and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC)
Authors: Liu Chuanqi , Kong Fanlei , Zhang Xuanhao , Zhou Shenghao , Ma Chong , Sun Jilin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Replacing natural aggregate (NA) by recycled aggregate (RA) has contributed to the trend of sustainable development in civil construction. In this background, improvements in the mechanical properties of RAC and the scientific design of the mixture ratio are calling more concerns in recent years. This paper is a review of the recent research, including the following aspects: the mixture design of RAC; the improved mechanical properties of recycled concrete with steel fibers; the performance of the main components. In addition, the primary composition materials, properties, and calculation methods of the mixture ratio of RAC are summarized. The mechanical properties, durability and microscopic analysis of RAC are also discussed. The accurate calculation of mixture proportion can significantly facilitate the work of preparing a test mix of RAC. Through the mixture-ratio optimization and physical and chemical strengthening of RA, the mechanical properties of RAC can be improved to promote the wider application of this eco-friendly material.
Musical training refines audiovisual integration but does not influence temporal recalibration
Authors: O’Donohue Matthew , Lacherez Philippe , Yamamoto Naohide 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When the brain is exposed to a temporal asynchrony between the senses, it will shift its perception of simultaneity towards the previously experienced asynchrony (temporal recalibration). It is unknown whether recalibration depends on how accurately an individual integrates multisensory cues or on experiences they have had over their lifespan. Hence, we assessed whether musical training modulated audiovisual temporal recalibration. Musicians (n = 20) and non-musicians (n = 18) made simultaneity judgements to flash-tone stimuli before and after adaptation to asynchronous (± 200 ms) flash-tone stimuli. We analysed these judgements via an observer model that described the left and right boundaries of the temporal integration window (decisional criteria) and the amount of sensory noise that affected these judgements. Musicians’ boundaries were narrower (closer to true simultaneity) than non-musicians’, indicating stricter criteria for temporal integration, and they also exhibited enhanced sensory precision. However, while both musicians and non-musicians experienced cumulative and rapid recalibration, these recalibration effects did not differ between the groups. Unexpectedly, cumulative recalibration was caused by auditory-leading but not visual-leading adaptation. Overall, these findings suggest that the precision with which observers integrate audiovisual temporal cues does not predict their susceptibility to recalibration.
Anaerococcus ihuae sp. nov., and Mediannikovicoccus vaginalis gen. nov., sp. nov., two new bacteria isolated from human vaginal samples
Authors: Ly Claudia , Chacra Linda Abou , Birsal Eva , Haddad Gabriel , LO Cheikh Ibrahima , Amstrong Nicholas , Alibar Stéphane , Courbière Blandine , Bretelle Florence , FENOLLAR Florence 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Strains Marseille-Q5893 (= CSUR Q5893 = CECT 30496) and Marseille-Q5883 (= CSUR Q5883 = CECT 30497) were isolated from vaginal samples using the culturomics approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of each strain were sequenced and then compared by BLASTn to the NCBI database. Strains Marseille-Q5893 and Marseille-Q5883 were most closely related to Anaerococcus obesiensis and Finegoldia magna, with identities of 98.56% and 90.01%, respectively. Strain Marseille-Q5893 is strictly anaerobic, while strain Marseille-Q5883 is facultative anaerobic. Both strains are Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, oxidase- and catalase-negative. The most abundant fatty acid for both strains is hexadecanoic acid, followed by 9-octadecenoic acid and tetradecanoic acid. Strain Marseille-Q5893 has a genome size of 1,831,271 bp with a G + C content of 29.4 mol%, whereas strain Marseille-Q5883 has a genome of 1,997,945 bp with a 33.6 mol% G + C content. The genomic comparison of closely related species with strains Marseille-Q5893 and Marseille-Q5883 showed that all digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values were lower than the published species thresholds (70% and 95–96%, respectively). Based on these data, we conclude that strain Marseille-Q5893 belongs to a new species in the family Peptoniphilaceae and strain Marseille-Q5883 belongs to a new genus in the family Peptostreptococcaceae. For these two new bacterial species, the names Anaerococcus ihuae sp. nov. and Mediannikovicoccus vaginalis gen. nov., sp. nov., were proposed.
Corn Growth and Phenology Modeling
Authors: Silva Adelaide Cristielle Barbosa , Oliveira Rubens Alves , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Galvão João Carlos Cardoso , Santos Robson Argolo , Faria Rodrigo Magalhães 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To obtain predictions of the dynamic processes that occur during the crop cycle, agricultural modeling techniques are being adopted. The validation of a model for a given area, in the environmental conditions in which the culture is exposed, is important to assess the adequacy of the dynamic system to reality. The research aimed to evaluate the use of the STELLA software in the characterization of the morphophysiological aspects of the maize crop, cultivated in the Zona da Mata Mineira. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from October 2018 to April 2019. A completely randomized design was used, whose treatments were ten evaluations, with 40 replications, of the area index leaf and net photosynthesis, measured throughout the crop cycle. The phenological simulation was based on the accumulation of temperature. The simulated and observed data were compared using the “t” test and the d index, to verify the equality and agreement between the models. The values modeled by STELLA were statistically equal to the measured values and there was an agreement between the studied techniques. The use of the model developed using the STELLA software is useful for determining the morphophysiological processes that occur during the maize crop cycle, grown in the Zona da Mata Mineira.
Fetal-type variant of the posterior cerebral artery and concurrent bilateral cerebral infarctions in a Korean male cadaver
Authors: Maeng Young Hee , Yoon Sang-Pil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Fetal-type variant of the posterior cerebral artery is a relatively common variant of the circle of Willis, but concurrent cerebral pathologies have not been well reported. Methods: We describe a case of fetal-type variant of the posterior cerebral artery and concurrent bilateral cerebral infarctions in the territories of the middle cerebral artery in a 78-year-old Korean male cadaver.Results: Fetal-type variant of the posterior cerebral artery was found the right circle of Willis, arose from the internal carotid artery with larger diameter than the pre-communicating segment from the basilar artery. Histopathological examination revealed that left supramarginal gyrus and right infraparietal lobule showed characteristic cerebral infarctions with chronological changes, respectively.Conclusion: Knowledge on the variation in the posterior cerebral artery combined with clinical features including cerebral infarction plays a pivotal role to anatomists and clinicians.
Research on the efficacy of anti-alcoholism of Botanic Probiotics
Authors: Lu Shan , Peng Lu , Cheng Lili , Dai Chensheng , Yang Zhiming , Hou Lili , Ling Yuanjian , Guo Yongchao , Wu Dong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims: Alcohol consumption adversely affects the functions of liver and increase the risks of liver disease, including the liver cancer. Botanic probiotics are regarded as one effective product to reduce such risky. In this study, we investigated the effect of botanic probiotics (BPFB-p) on the anti-alcoholism and protection of liver on mice, compared with other kinds of commercially available probiotics. Ebriety rate, ebriety latency time and ebriety time were tested, and the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were also investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that BPFB-p could obviously decrease the ebriety rate and lower the ALT & AST level in serum. BPFB-p is a promising probiotic agent to protect liver for ethanol consumer.Methods: Male KM mice were randomly assigned into five groups, diagnosed with Ebriety rate, ebriety latency time and ebriety time, the level of ALT & AST in serum.Results: Compared with the control model group, the ebriety time in the BPFB-p group was significantly shorter (p < 0.01). AST content in the Acetic Bacteria and BPFB-p group was significantly decreased, too. (p < 0.05).Conclusions: These results clearly demonstrated that the BPFB-p was a promising agent to protect the liver from hepatoxicity and fatty liver induced by ethanol intaker.
Leukocyte DNA methylation in Alzheimer´s disease associated genes: replication of findings from neuronal cells
Authors: Karlsson Ida K , Ploner Alexander , Wang Yunzhang , Gatz Margaret , Pedersen Nancy L , Hägg Sara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Differences in gene-wide DNA methylation of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) associated genes BIN1, HLA-DRB5, SORL1, SLC24A4, and ABCA7 are reported to be associated with AD in post-mortem brain samples. We investigated whether the same associations could be found in leukocytes collected pre-mortem. Using cohort data of 544 Swedish twins (204 dementia diagnoses), we replicated the findings in HLA-DRB5 and SLC24A4 at p < 0.05. However, co-twin control analyses indicated that the associations were partly explained by familial confounding. Thus, DNA methylation differences in HLA-DRB5 and SLC24A4 are present in both neuronal cells and leukocytes, but may be influenced by familial factors.