bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐institutional analysis of clinical and imaging risk factors for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions
Authors: Fang Andrew M. , Shumaker Luke A. , Martin Kimberly D. , Jackson Jamaal C. , Fan Richard E. , Khajir Ghazal , Patel Hiten D. , Soodana‐Prakash Nachiketh , Vourganti Srinivas , Filson Christopher P. , Sonn Geoffrey A. , Sprenkle Preston C. , Gupta Gopal N. , Punnen Sanoj , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMost Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 3 lesions do not contain clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa; grade group ≥2). This study was aimed at identifying clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived risk fac‐ tors that predict CSPCa in men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions.MethodsThis study analyzed the detection of CSPCa in men who underwent MRI‐targeted biopsy for PI‐RADS 3 lesions. Multivariable logistic regression models with goodness‐of‐fit testing were used to identify variables associated with CSPCa. Receiver operating curves and decision curve analyses were used to estimate the clinical utility of a predictive model.ResultsOf the 1784 men reviewed, 1537 were included in the training cohort, and 247 were included in the validation cohort. The 309 men with CSPCa (17.3%) were older, had a higher prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) density, and had a greater likelihood of an anteriorly located lesion than men without CSPCa (p < .01). Multivariable analysis revealed that PSA density (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.85; p < .01), age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07; p < .01), and a biopsy‐naive status (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.38–2.44) were independently associated with CSPCa. A prior negative biopsy was negatively associated (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24–0.50; p < .01). The application of the model to the validation cohort resulted in an area under the curve of 0.78. A predicted risk threshold of 12% could have prevented 25% of biopsies while detecting almost 95% of CSPCas with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 34%.ConclusionsFor PI‐RADS 3 lesions, an elevated PSA density, older age, and a biopsy‐naive status were associated with CSPCa, whereas a prior negative biopsy was negatively associated. A predictive model could prevent PI‐RADS 3 biopsies while missing few CSPCas.Lay summary

Among men with an equivocal lesion (Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System 3) on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), those who are older, those who have a higher prostate‐specific antigen density, and those who have never had a biopsy before are at higher risk for having clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) on subsequent biopsy.

However, men with at least one negative biopsy have a lower risk of CSPCa.

A new predictive model can greatly reduce the need to biopsy equivocal lesions noted on mpMRI while missing only a few cases of CSPCa.
AMD‐CNN: Android malware detection via feature graph and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Arslan Recep Sinan , Tasyurek Murat 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAndroid malware has become a serious threat to mobile device users, and effective detection and defence architectures are needed to solve this problem. Recently, machine learning techniques have been widely used to deal with Android malicious apps. These methods are based on a simple feature set and have difficulty detecting up‐to‐date malware. Therefore, more robust and efficient classification methodologies are needed. In this article, AMD‐CNN, an Android malware detection tool, is proposed, and it uses graphical representations to detect malicious apks. In the first step, the features related to the androidmanifest.xml file are extracted and converted into a vector consisting of one or zero. The feature vector is then converted to 2D‐code images and used in training the CNN network. The model needs low‐resource consumption to run on mobile devices and allow real‐time applications to be analyzed. The experiments with 1920 malicious and benign apks show that the malware detection rate (accuracy) was 96.2% and precision, recall, and F‐score values were 97.9%, 98.2%, and 98.1%, respectively. The average time and memory space to analyze each application are 0.035 s and 3.38 MB. AMD‐CNN is an efficient and robust tool and has advantages over previous studies.
Photocatalytic Cleavage of C(sp3)−N Bond in Trialkylamines to Dialkylamines and Olefins
Authors: Zhai Jianxin , Zhou Baowen , Wu Haihong , Jia Shuaiqiang , Chu Mengen , Han Shitao , Xia Wei , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDevelopment of a new and green strategy for C(sp3)−N bond cleavage is very interesting. Herein, photocatalytic cleavage of the C(sp3)−N bond of trialkylamines was achieved, with concurrent formation of dialkylamines and olefins. It was found that a rationally designed 2D‐Bi2WO6@1D‐LaPO4 heterostructure was very efficient for the reaction due to its high light collection efficiency and unique catalytic properties. The strategy could be used for different trialkylamines, including triethylamine, tri‐n‐propylamine, and ethyl‐di‐isopropylamine. The mechanistic investigation indicated that the catalyst with heterostructure was not only favorable for charge carrier separation but also rendered excited electrons with high reduction capacity. This work opens a way for C(sp3)−N bond cleavage of trialkylamines.
Hepatic and renal function impact concentrations of plasma biomarkers of neuropathology
Authors: Berry Kacey , Asken Breton M. , Grab Joshua D. , Chan Brandon , Lario Lago Argentina , Wong Randi , Seetharaman Srilakshmi , LaHue Sara C. , Possin Katherine L. , Rojas Julio C. , Kramer Joel H. , Boxer Adam L. , Lai Jennifer C. , VandeVrede Lawren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of hepatorenal function on plasma biomarkers of neuropathology is unknown. Herein, we measured several plasma biomarkers in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsPlasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), total tau (t‐tau), and ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) were measured in 135 adults with cirrhosis and 22 healthy controls using Simoa. Within cirrhosis, associations between biomarkers and hepatorenal function were explored using linear regression.Resultsp‐tau181, NfL, t‐tau, and UCHL1 were increased 2‐ to 4‐fold in cirrhosis, whereas GFAP was not increased. Within cirrhosis, creatinine moderately correlated with p‐tau181 (β = 0.75, P < .01), NfL (β = 0.32, P < .01), and t‐tau (β = 0.31, P < .01), but not GFAP (β = –0.01, P = .88) or UCHL1 (β = –0.05, P = .60), whereas albumin showed weak, inverse correlations: p‐tau181 (β = –0.18, P < .01), NfL (β = –0.22, P < .01), GFAP (β = –0.17, P < .05), t‐tau (β = –0.20, P = .02), and UCHL1 (β = –0.15, P = .09).ConclusionsElevated p‐tau181, NfL, and t‐tau in cirrhosis were associated with renal impairment and hypoalbuminemia, suggesting that hepatorenal function may be important when interpreting plasma biomarkers of neuropathology.
Safety and efficacy of the novel motorized power spiral enteroscopy: A single‐center experience
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Singla Vikas , Bopanna Sawan , Shawl Muzaffer Rashid , Garg Pallavi , Agrawal Jatin , Arya Anupama , Mittal Vibhuti , Bhargava Richa , Madan Kaushal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation and management of small bowel disorders have always been challenging due to the limitations of the existing technology. Motorized power spiral enteroscopy (PSE) is an innovative new technique that offers easier, faster, and more complete small bowel evaluation with the ability to perform therapeutics. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PSE in various indications.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of consecutive patients, who underwent PSE at a tertiary care center. Primary outcome measures were technical success rate, pan‐enteroscopy rate, diagnostic and therapeutic yield, and the secondary outcomes measures were the depth of maximal insertion, median insertion time, and adverse events.ResultsFifty‐four patients (mean age of 49.38 ± 16.26 years) underwent PSE for small bowel evaluation. Technical success rate was 95.55% (antegrade route) and 93.10% (retrograde route). Pan‐enteroscopy rate is 46.29% and antegrade enteroscopy to the cecum was achieved in eight patients. Overall diagnostic and therapeutic yields were 85.18% and 30.76%, respectively. The most common findings were ulcero‐stricturing lesions (51.92%) followed by vascular lesions (9.61%). The most common histopathologic diagnosis was Crohn's disease in 29.62%. Median depth of maximal insertion was 400 cm (range 150–550 cm; antegrade route) and 180 cm (range 50–350 cm; retrograde route). The median insertion time to depth of maximal insertion was 70 min (range 30–110 min; antegrade route) and 45 min (range 20–70 min; retrograde route). PSE‐associated major adverse events occurred in one patient and minor adverse events were seen in 48.14%.ConclusionPSE is a safe and effective modality for the evaluation of small bowel disorders with a high diagnostic yield.
Preference of carbon absorption determines the competitive ability of algae along atmospheric CO2 concentration
Authors: Zhou Qing Shi , Gao Yang , Hou Jing Ming , Wang Tian , Tang Long 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies have focused on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on algal growth, few of them have demonstrated how CO2 interacts with carbon absorption capacity to determine the algal competition at the population level. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment of Phormidium sp., Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris and Synedra ulna. The results showed that when the CO2 concentration increased from 400 to 760 ppm, the competitiveness of S. quadricauda increased, the competitiveness of Phormidium sp. and C. vulgaris decreased, and the competitiveness of S. ulna was always the lowest. We constructed a model to explore whether interspecific differences in affinity and flux rate for CO2 and HCO3− could explain changes in competitiveness between algae species along the gradient of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Affinity and flux rates are the capture capacity and transport capacity of substrate respectively, and are inversely proportional to each other. The simulation results showed that, when the atmospheric CO2 concentration was low, species with high affinity for both CO2 and HCO3− (HCHH) had the highest competitiveness, followed by the species with high affinity for CO2 and low affinity for HCO3− (HCLH), the species with low affinity for CO2 and high affinity for HCO3− (LCHH) and the species with low affinity for both CO2 and HCO3− (LCLH); when the CO2 concentration was high, the species were ranked according to the competitive ability: LCHH > LCLH > HCHH > HCLH. Thus, low resource concentration is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of algae with high affinity. With the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, the competitive advantage changed from HCHH species to LCHH species. These results indicate the important species types contributing to water bloom under the background of increasing global atmospheric CO2, highlighting the importance of carbon absorption characteristics in understanding, predicting and regulating population dynamics and community composition of algae.
Evidence for the evolution of native plant response to mycorrhizal fungi in post‐agricultural grasslands
Authors: Delavaux Camille S. , Bever James D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlant–microbe interactions play an important role in structuring plant communities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are particularly important. Nonetheless, increasing anthropogenic disturbance will lead to novel plant–AMF interactions, altering longstanding co‐evolutionary trajectories between plants and their associated AMF. Although emerging work shows that plant–AMF response can evolve over relatively short time scales due to anthropogenic change, little work has evaluated how plant AMF response specificity may evolve due to novel plant–mycorrhizal interactions. Here, we examine changes in plant–AMF interactions in novel grassland systems by comparing the mycorrhizal response of plant populations from unplowed native prairies with populations from post‐agricultural grasslands to inoculation with both native prairie AMF and non‐native novel AMF. Across four plant species, we find support for evolution of differential responses to mycorrhizal inocula types, that is, mycorrhizal response specificity, consistent with expectations of local adaptation, with plants from native populations responding most to native AMF and plants from post‐agricultural populations responding most to non‐native AMF. We also find evidence of evolution of mycorrhizal response in two of the four plant species, as overall responsiveness to AMF changed from native to post‐agricultural populations. Finally, across all four plant species, roots from native prairie populations had lower levels of mycorrhizal colonization than those of post‐agricultural populations. Our results report on one of the first multispecies assessment of local adaptation to AMF. The consistency of the responses in our experiment among four species provides evidence that anthropogenic disturbance may have unintended impacts on native plant species' association with AMF, causing evolutionary change in the benefit native plant species gain from native symbioses.
The effect of the presence of a macromolecular organophosphorus flame retardant, poly(N‐[3‐oxopropylmethylphosphinate]ethyleneimine), on the flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of polyamides
Authors: Helmy Mina , Ullmann Jason , Adner David , Otto Tobias , Schadewald Anke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA macromolecular halogen‐free flame retardant, poly(N‐[3‐oxopropylmethylphosphinate]ethyleneimine) (PN) has been developed. This material contains both phosphorus and nitrogen. A simple and scalable process for chemical synthesis on commercial scale is described. FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy were utilized for characterization. The compound has a glass transition temperature of 82°C and is thermally stable up to 330°C. Samples of polyamide 6 containing 1 to 10 wt% of PN were prepared in a kneader. The flammability of polyamide 6/PN blends was investigated using the UL 94 vertical fire test, limiting oxygen index measurements, cone calorimetry, and the glow wire test. Samples containing loadings of 1 wt% and 10 wt% PN have V‐2 and V‐0 ratings, respectively. Specimen containing polyamide 12/PN blends were prepared by extrusion and injection molding for mechanical characterization.
An edge‐based smoothed finite element framework for partitioned simulation of vortex‐induced vibration problems
Authors: He Tao , Yao Wen‐Juan , Zhang Xu‐Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article proposes an edge‐based smoothed finite element method (ESFEM) for predicting vortex‐induced vibration (VIV) of multiple rigid and elastic structures. The ESFEM is applied to discretize the Navier–Stokes and elastodynamic equations with three‐node triangular (T3) element. The fluid excitation is also evaluated in the edge‐based notion. New integration points are arranged in local smoothing domains to ease the resultant approximation. Dynamic grids are moved by an efficient two‐level mesh scheme. The fluid‐structure mechanical system is formulated under the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian description which enables tight coupling of interacting fields in a partitioned way. Especially, the geometric conservation law is respected for the ESFEM through a mass source term constructed in the T3 element context. The developed technique is validated against previously published data for three low‐Reynolds‐number VIV problems. Flow features and structural responses have been correctly identified therein as a result of the numerical prediction.
Exploration of anatomical landmarks for performing an endoscopic transoral nasopharyngectomy
Authors: Li Lifeng , Xu Hongbo , Jin Yonggang , Chen Xiaohong , Carrau Ricardo L. , London Nyall R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerforming a nasopharyngectomy via a transoral approach has been reported; however, defining landmarks to facilitate this approach has not been addressed. This study aims to explore anatomical landmarks to aid in performing a nasopharyngectomy via the transoral corridor.MethodsAn endoscopic transoral nasopharyngectomy was performed on six cadaveric specimens (12 sides). Related anatomical landmarks were defined, and the strategy to preserve the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (pICA) was explored.ResultsAn endoscopic transoral nasopharyngectomy was successfully achieved in all 12 sides. Utilizing the pterygoid hamulus as a landmark, the cartilaginous ET and attachments could be adequately exposed. Identification of the pICA is a prerequisite prior to Eustachian tube (ET) transection. The sphenoidal spine and the petrotympanic fissure could be sufficiently revealed in all 12 sides, which aided in transection of the cartilaginous ET without pICA injury. The ET and the prevertebral contents could be adequately removed via the transoral corridor.ConclusionThe pterygoid hamulus, sphenoidal spine and petrotympanic fissure serve as reliable landmarks for performing a transoral nasopharyngectomy. Identification of the pICA is a prerequisite prior to transection of the ET to avoid pICA injury.
Next‐generation pathology detection of T cell–antigen‐presenting cell immune synapses in human liver allografts
Authors: Wood‐Trageser Michelle A. , Lesniak Drew , Gambella Alessandro , Golnoski Kayla , Feng Sandy , Bucuvalas John , Sanchez‐Fueyo Alberto , Demetris A. Jake 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
In otherwise near‐normal appearing biopsies by routine light microscopy, next‐generation pathology (NGP) detected close pairings (immune pairs; iPAIRs) between lymphocytes and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) that predicted immunosuppression weaning failure in pediatric liver transplant (LTx) recipients (Immunosuppression Withdrawal for Stable Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients [iWITH], NCT01638559). We hypothesized that NGP‐detected iPAIRs enrich for true immune synapses, as determined by nuclear shape metrics, intercellular distances, and supramolecular activation complex (SMAC) formation.

Approach and Results:
Intralobular iPAIRs (CD45high lymphocyte–major histocompatibility complex II+ APC pairs; n = 1167, training set) were identified at low resolution from multiplex immunohistochemistry–stained liver biopsy slides from several multicenter LTx immunosuppression titration clinical trials (iWITH; NCT02474199 (Donor Alloantigen Reactive Tregs (darTregs) for Calcineurin Inhibitor (CNI) Reduction (ARTEMIS); Prospective Longitudinal Study of iWITH Screen Failures Secondary to Histopathology). After excluding complex multicellular aggregates, high‐resolution imaging was used to examine immune synapse formation (n = 998). By enriching for close intranuclear lymphocyte–APC distance (mean: 0.713 μm) and lymphocyte nuclear flattening (mean ferret diameter: 2.1), SMAC formation was detected in 29% of iPAIR‐engaged versus 9.5% of unpaired lymphocytes. Integration of these morphometrics enhanced NGP detection of immune synapses (ai‐iSYN). Using iWITH preweaning biopsies from eligible patients (n = 53; 18 tolerant, 35 nontolerant; testing set), ai‐iSYN accurately predicted (87.3% accuracy vs. 81.4% for iPAIRs; 100% sensitivity, 75% specificity) immunosuppression weaning failure. This confirmed the presence and importance of intralobular immune synapse formation in liver allografts. Stratification of biopsy mRNA expression data by immune synapse quantity yielded the top 20 genes involved in T cell activation and immune synapse formation and stability.

Conclusions:
NGP‐detected immune synapses (subpathological rejection) in LTx patients prior to immunosuppression reduction suggests that NGP‐detected (allo)immune activity usefulness for titration of immunosuppressive therapy in various settings.
Comparison between clinical characteristics and laboratory findings among patients with complicated and noncomplicated SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A single‐center experience from Shebin Al‐Kom, Egypt
Authors: Fadda Walaa A. , Al‐Batanony Manal A. , Aboukhalil Reham E. E. , Khader Heba F. , Al Rugaie Osamah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection is considered a serious highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in more than 6.27 million deaths worldwide.Aim of the studyThe study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of COVID‐19 patients with complications and without complications and discriminate the important risk factors for the complications and deaths.Subjects and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 75 confirmed COVID‐19 positive patients; out of which 49 were severely‐ill cases. Analysis of all patients' clinical and laboratory information on admission including serum ferritin, thrombotic activity (d‐dimer), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C‐reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were done.ResultsLymphopenia, tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated CRP, d‐dimer, serum ferritin, LDH, and decreased SpO2 were significantly associated with complicated cases (p < .05 for all). By using multivariate logistic regression analysis models, elevated serum ferritin and tachycardia were significantly correlated with the increased odds of complicated COVID‐19 cases (odds ratio [confidence interval 95%] = 10.42 [2.32–46.89] and 8.01 [1.17–55.99]; respectively) (p = .002 and .007, respectively).ConclusionLymphocytopenia, d‐dimer, LDH, and CRP levels, which were significantly linked to the severity of COVID‐19, were the prognostic biomarkers to predict the disease severity.
Trend Inflation in Sweden
Authors: Österholm Pär , Poon Aubrey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we estimate trend inflation in Sweden using an unobserved components stochastic volatility model. Using data from 1995Q4 to 2022Q1 and Bayesian estimation methods, we find that trend inflation has been well‐anchored during the period—although in general at a level below the inflation target—and it does not appear to have been affected much by the recent high inflation numbers.
Systemic risk and idiosyncratic networks among global systemically important banks
Authors: Cui Xue , Yang Lu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the role played by idiosyncratic networks in systemic risk transmission among global systemically important banks. To construct idiosyncratic networks, we employ the conditional Granger causality approach and find they are unstable in the short term and stable in the long term. Additionally, we visualise dynamic idiosyncratic networks and confirm that their evolutionary pattern is similar to that of systemic risk. Moreover, we further explore systemic risk and idiosyncratic networks at an individual level and determine that in‐degree and in‐strength measures negatively influence systemic risk. This indicates that a well‐connected idiosyncratic network in the banking system is prone to risk spillover and cause idiosyncratic contagion. The results of the network analysis indicate that global banking idiosyncratic networks are a complex system and can serve as a valuable reference for investors and policymakers.