bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vibrio cholerae Seventh Pandemic islands act in tandem to defend against a circulating phage
Authors: O’Hara Brendan J , Alam Munirul , Ng Wai-Leung 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe current circulating pandemic El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae has persisted for over sixty years and is characterized by its acquisition of two unique genomic islands called the Vibrio Seventh Pandemic Islands 1 and 2 (VSP-I and VSP-II). However, the functions of most of the genes on VSP-I and VSP-II are unknown and the advantages realized by El Tor through these two islands are not clear. Recent studies have broadly implicated these two mobile genetic elements with phage defense. Still, protection against phage infection through these islands has not been observed directly in any V. cholerae El Tor biotype. Here we report the isolation of a circulating phage from a cholera patient stool sample and demonstrate that propagation of this phage in its native host is inhibited by elements in both VSP-I and VSP-II, providing direct evidence for the role of these genomic islands in phage defense. Moreover, we show that these defense systems are regulated by quorum sensing and active only at certain cell density. Finally, we have isolated a naturally occurring phage variant that is resistant to the defense conferred by the VSP islands, illustrating the countermeasures used by phages to evade these defense mechanisms. Together, this work demonstrates a functional role for the VSPs in V. cholerae and highlights the key regulatory and mechanistic insights that can be gained by studying anti-phage systems in their native contexts.SIGNIFICANCE (AUTHOR SUMMARY)The current pandemic strain of Vibrio cholerae carries two unique genomic islands. How these two islands confer evolutionary advantage to the pathogen is unknown. We show here the identification of a circulating phage that is sensitive to the defense systems present on these two islands and demonstrate how phage variants can evade these defenses. Our studies provide the first direct evidence showing the importance of these genomic islands in defending against phage in their native environments; and in doing so provide novel insight into the mechanisms of these highly conserved defense elements.
Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy reveals the nanoscale cellular architecture of budding and fission yeast
Authors: Hinterndorfer Kerstin , Laporte Marine. H. , Mikus Felix , Petrozzi Lucas Tafur , Bourgoint Clélia , Prouteau Manoel , Dey Gautam , Loewith Robbie , Guichard Paul , Hamel Virginie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have served as invaluable model organisms to study various fundamental and highly conserved cellular processes. While super-resolution (SR) microscopy has in recent years paved the way to a better understanding of the spatial organization of molecules in cells, its wide use in yeast models has remained limited due to the specific know-how and specialized instrumentation required, contrasted with the relative ease of endogenous tagging and live cell fluorescence microscopy in these systems. To facilitate SR microscopy in yeasts, we have extended the ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) method to both S. cerevisiae and S. pombe, enabling 4-fold isotropic expansion in both systems. We demonstrate here that U-ExM allows the nanoscale imaging of the microtubule cytoskeleton and its associated spindle pole body (SPB), notably unveiling a conserved Sfi1p/Cdc31p spatial organization on the appendage bridge structure. In S. pombe, we validate the method by quantifying the homeostatic regulation of nuclear pore complex (NPC) number through the cell cycle. Combined with pan-labelling (NHS ester), which provides a global cellular context, U-ExM unveils the subcellular organization of the eukaryote yeast models S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. This easy-to-implement imaging with conventional microscopes provides nanoscale resolution and adds a powerful new method to the already extensive yeast toolbox.
Engineered Riboswitch Nano-carriers as a Possible Disease-Modifying Treatment for Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Zilberzwige-Tal Shai , Gazit Danielle , Adsi Hanaa , Gartner Myra , Behl Rahat , Bar-Yosef Dana Laor , Gazit Ehud 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBoth DNA- and RNA-based nanotechnologies are remarkably useful for in vitro molecular-scale device engineering and are applied in a vast array of applications. However, while the function of nucleic acid nanostructures is robust under in vitro settings, their implementation in real-world conditions requires overcoming their inherent degradation sensitivity and subsequent loss of function. Viruses are minimalistic yet sophisticated supramolecular assemblies, able to protect their nucleic acid content in inhospitable biological environments. Inspired by this natural ability, we engineered RNA-virus-like particles (VLPs) nanocarriers (NCs). We showed that the VLPs can serve as an excellent protective shell against nuclease-mediated degradation. We then harnessed biological recognition elements and demonstrated how engineered riboswitch NCs can act as a possible disease-modifying treatment for genetic metabolic disorders. The functional riboswitch is capable of selectively and specifically binding metabolites and preventing their self-assembly process and its downstream effects. When applying the riboswitch nano-carriers to an in vivo yeast model of adenine accumulation and self-assembly, significant inhibition of the sensitivity to adenine feeding was observed. In addition, using an amyloid-specific dye, we proved the riboswitch nano-carriers ability to reduce the level of intracellular amyloid-like cytotoxic structures. The potential of this RNA therapeutic technology does not stop at metabolic disorders, as it can be easily fine-tuned to be applied to other conditions and diseases.
Foxe1 orchestrates thyroid and lung cell lineage divergence in mouse stem cell-derived organoids
Authors: Fonseca Barbara F. , Barbée Cindy , Romitti Mirian , Eski Sema Elif , Gillotay Pierre , Monteyne Daniel , Morga David Perez , Refetoff Samuel , Singh Sumeet Pal , Costagliola Sabine 
Published: May 2022

SummaryPatterning of endoderm into lung and thyroid lineages depends upon a correct early expression of a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor, Nkx2-1. However, the gene networks distinguishing the differentiation of those lineages remain largely unknown. In the present work, by using mouse embryonic stem cell lines, single-cell RNA sequencing, and transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiling, we show that knockout of Foxe1 drastically impairs Nkx2-1+ cells differentiation and maturation into thyroid follicular-like cells. Concomitantly, a subset of Foxe1 null/Nkx2-1+ cells have a remarkable ability in vitro to undergo a lung epithelial differentiation program and form lung-like organoids harboring cells transcriptionally similar with mouse fetal airway and alveolar cell types. These results demonstrate, for the first time, lung lineage derivation at the expense of thyroid lineage, by a simple removal of a transcription factor, and provide insights into the intricated mechanisms of fate decisions of endodermal cell types.Highlights- Forward programming of mESCs with transient Nkx2-1 and Pax8 overexpression, followed by c-AMP treatment, leads to differentiation of functional thyroid follicles in vitro;- In absence of Foxe1, thyroid follicle-like structures, derived from mESCs, are scarce and non-functional;- Concomitantly, a subset of Nkx2-1-expressing cells generated from Foxe1KO mESCs spontaneously form lung organoids containing multiple differentiated lung cell types;- ATACseq analyses show higher chromatin remodeling in Nkx2-1-expressing cells in control compared to Foxe1KO cells, especially for genes involved in thyroid maturation and maintenance of the 3D structure of the follicle.
Plyometric training enhances strength and precision of the finger movements in pianists
Authors: Muramatsu Kaito , Oku Takanori , Furuya Shinichi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTStability of timing and force production in repetitive movements characterizes skillful motor behaviors such as surgery and playing musical instruments. However, even trained individuals such as musicians undergo further extensive training for the improvement of these skills. Previous studies that investigated the lower extremity movements such as jumping and sprinting demonstrated enhancement of the maximum force and rate of force development immediately after the plyometric exercises. However, it remains unknown whether the plyometric exercises enhance the stability of timing and force production of the dexterous finger movements in trained individuals. Here we address this issue by examining the effects of plyometric-like training specialized for finger movements on piano performance by well-trained pianists. The training demonstrated a decrease of the variation in timing and velocity of successive keystrokes, along with a concomitant increase in the rate of force development of the four fingers, but not the thumb, although there was no change in the finger muscular activities through the training. By contrast, such a training effect was not evident following a conventional repetitive piano practice. In addition, a significant increase in the forearm muscle temperature was observed specifically through performing the plyometric exercise with the fingers, implying its association with improved performance. These results indicate effectiveness of the plyometric exercises for improvement of strength, precision, and physiological efficiency of the finger movements even in expert pianists, which implicates a role of ways of practicing in enhancing experts’ expertise.
Brain-wide imaging of an adult vertebrate with image transfer oblique plane microscopy
Authors: Hoffmann Maximilian , Henninger Jörg , Richter Lars , Judkewitz Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptical imaging is a powerful tool to visualise and measure neuronal activity. However, due to the size and opacity of vertebrate brains it has until now been impossible to simultaneously image neuronal circuits at cellular resolution across the entire adult brain. This is true even for the smallest known vertebrate brain in the teleost Danionella, which is still too large for existing volumetric imaging approaches. Here we introduce image transfer oblique plane microscopy, which uses a new optical refocusing solution via a custom fibre-optical faceplate, enabling a large field-of-view of up to 4 mm3 at a volume rate of 1 Hz. We demonstrate the power of this method with the first brain-wide recording of neuronal activity in an adult vertebrate.
Late-onset glaucoma in Yap conditional knockout mouse
Authors: Bitard Juliette , Grellier Elodie-Kim , Lourdel Sophie , Filipe Helena Prior , Hamon Annaïg , Fenaille François , Castelli Florence Anne , Chu-Van Emeline , E. Roger Jérôme , Locker Morgane , Perron Muriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy often referred to as “the silent thief of sight”, due to its late diagnosis, which is generally made when degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells is already well under way. It is thus of utmost importance to have a better understanding of the disease, and to investigate more deeply the early causes of glaucoma. The transcriptional coactivator YAP recently emerged as an important regulator of eye homeostasis and is drawing attention in the glaucoma research field. Here we show that Yap conditional knockout mice (Yap cKO), in which the deletion of Yap is induced in both Müller glia (i.e. the only retinal YAP-expressing cells) and the non-pigmented epithelial cells of the ciliary body, exhibit breakdown of the aqueous-blood barrier accompanied by progressive collapse of the ciliary body as we observed in human uveitic patients. In addition, aged Yap cKO mice harbor glaucoma features, including alteration of glutamate recycling, deregulation of key homeostatic Müller-derived proteins, retinal vascular defects, optic nerve degeneration, and retinal ganglion cell death. Together, our findings reveal the essential role of YAP in preserving the ciliary body and the retinal ganglion cells, thereby preventing the onset of glaucoma features.
Inactivation of Vascular Stem Cells Suppresses Intimal Hyperplasia in Vein Grafts
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Zang Huimei , Qi Lei , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash , Sánez-Garcia Isidro , Weiser-Evans Mary C.M , Cui Taixing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic vein graft (VG) failure (VGF) is associated with VG intimal hyperplasia characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are derived predominantly from pre-existing vascular SMCs via a process of vascular SMC dedifferentiation.1 Therapeutic approaches focused on vascular SMCs, however, have not changed chronic VGF rates,2 indicating additional and yet unrecognized causes of chronic VGF. Herein, we uncover a novel diagram in which after transplantation, recipient vascular stem cells (VSCs) expressing Sca1 are activated and accumulated in the adventitia of VGs, and they do not differentiate into SMCs but promote intimal hyperplasia via paracrine enforcement of medial SMC dedifferentiation into synthetic SMCs in VGs, suggesting that VSCs may be a novel target for the treatment of chronic VGF.
Mindin differentially regulates fibroblast subpopulations via distinct members of the Src family kinases during fibrogenesis
Authors: Kataria Sunny , Rana Isha , Badarinath Krithika , Zaarour Rania F , Kansagara Gaurav , Zirmire Ravindra K , Dam Binita , Kumar Pankaj , Gulyani Akash , Jamora Colin 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTFibrosis is the result of excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to tissue hardening and loss of organ function. A central player driving fibrosis is the activated fibroblast, which exhibits enhanced migration, proliferation, contraction, and ECM production. However, this raises an interesting puzzle of whether the same fibroblast performs all of the processes that fall under the umbrella term of “activation”. Given the heterogeneity of fibroblasts in connective tissues, there are subpopulations of fibroblasts that perform specific functions that are under different regulatory controls. Using a transgenic mouse model of skin fibrosis, we find that the secretion of Mindin from Snail transgenic keratinocytes differentially alters the characteristic of distinct fibroblast subpopulations. Mindin induces migration and inflammatory gene expression of the Sca1+ subpopulation of dermal fibroblasts in a Fyn kinase-dependent manner. On the other hand, Mindin increases the contractile behaviour and collagen production in the papillary CD26+ dermal fibroblasts via c-Src. Moreover, in the context of the fibrotic microenvironment of the tumour stroma, we found that differential responses of resident fibroblasts subpopulations to Mindin extend to the generation of functionally heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Overall, this work highlights the importance of Mindin in mediating the cellular and signalling heterogeneity of dermal fibroblasts in skin fibrosis and cancer.
Social marketing, social media and eudaimonic well-being: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Abuhussein Tala , Magatef Sima 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis research considers the role of social media platforms and their impact on individuals' eudaimonic well-being, and aims to help develop a social marketing programme in the future that would enable students in Jordanian universities to flourish, by focussing on their social media drivers and overcoming their challenges in an attempt to improve their psychological well-being (PWB).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used qualitative research examining lived experiences and behaviours around social media use. The authors conducted 39 semi-structured interviews with students at various universities across Jordan, alongside an online survey with open-ended questions, which were based on six PWB dimensions: environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance, autonomy and positive relationships with others.FindingsSocial media use and advertising were found to positively impact students' self-acceptance and relationships with others but to negatively impact their autonomy. They were found to have different impacts on students' sense of purpose in life and personal growth, depending on the content shared on their platforms.Originality/valueThe ethical debate surrounding social media amongst students indicates that such social marketing programmes might stimulate individuals' sense of control over their environment, encourage openness to new experiences, and give their lives a beneficial direction. The study makes recommendations for the creation of an evidence-based social marketing programme that is extrinsically focussed on increasing resilience, creating an audience persona and building awareness of PWB.
Evaluating the global research productivity on domestic violence: a bibliometric visualisation analysis
Authors: Trivedi Dharmendra , Majumder Navaneeta , Pandya Mayuri , Bhatt Atul , Chaudhari Shanti P. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to explore the bibliometric features of scientific publications in the area of domestic violence (an important global social problem) for the period 2011–2020; thus, enabling the scientific community to understand the research progress on the topic.

Design/methodology/approach
The data of the scientific publications were retrieved from the Scopus database. The keyword “Domestic Violence” was applied as a topic term to search articles published during the study period. The statistical analysis was conducted by using the RStudio and VOSviewer tools along with MS Excel.

Findings
A total of 11,899 scientific works were published during the study period. The annual percentage growth of publication in the area of domestic violence in the study period is 74.97%. The majority of the papers (74.72%) were published as journal articles. USA and UK have the highest numbers of scientific publications and citations. Together they account for more than half of the publications (58.38%) and citations (67 per pub). However, the highest average citation per publication has been recorded by Switzerland (34 per pub). Feder G. (UK) is the most cited author, and the Journal of Interpersonal Violence (Sage publications) has the highest number of publications, citations and source title impact ratio in the domain of domestic violence.

Practical implications
One can find numerous bibliometric studies in the domain of natural science, but not many studies have been conducted in the field of social sciences. In this light, the scientific community can gain from the bibliometric information regarding the scientific publications in the area of domestic violence, which is one of the dominant areas of study in social sciences.

Originality/value
The study will provide significant information on the trends of academic publications in the study area. It is one of the most comprehensive studies on domestic violence, which will aid the potential researchers in identifying the most prominent contributions, county-wise research distribution, author and journal productivity and other related indicators. The findings of the study will be also helpful to library authorities in reviewing and updating collection development policy.
Evaluation of Fay and Riddell formula under hypersonic flight conditions
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Yang Yosheph , Kim Jae Gang 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The Fay and Riddell (F–R) formula is an empirical equation for estimating the stagnation-point heat flux on noncatalytic and fully catalytic surfaces, based on an assumption of equilibrium. Because of its simplicity, the F–R has been used extensively for reentry flight design as well as ground test facility applications. This study aims to investigate the uncertainties of the F-R formula by considering velocity gradient, chemical species at the boundary layer edge, and the thermochemical nonequilibrium (NEQ) behind the shock layer under various hypersonic NEQ flow environments.

Design/methodology/approach
The stagnation-point heat flux calculated with the F–R formula was evaluated by comparison with thermochemical NEQ calculations and existing flight experimental values.

Findings
The comparisons showed that the F–R underestimated the noncatalytic heat flux, because of the chemical composition at the surface. However, for fully catalytic heat flux, the F–R results were similar to values of surface heat flux from thermochemical NEQ calculations, because the F–R formula overestimates the diffusive heat flux. When compared with the surface heat flux results obtained from flight experimental data, the F–R overestimated the fully catalytic heat flux. The error was 50% at most.

Originality/value
The results provided guidelines for the F–R calculations under hypersonic flight conditions and for determining the approximate error range for noncatalytic and fully catalytic surfaces.
Temporary housing site selection in Soffeh Mountain, District 5 of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Hosseini Sabzevari Sayed Arash , Mottaki Zoheir , Hassani Atoosa , Zandiyeh Somayeh , Aslani Fereshteh 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Finding an appropriate place for temporary housing after an earthquake is one of the main challenges of disaster risk management, especially in developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to create pre-disaster location plans for the homeless population. This study aims to systematically find safe places and select suitable sites according to influential factors.

Design/methodology/approach
The research methodology used is a descriptive–analytical method. A field survey with a quantitative–qualitative approach is applied to recognize physical vulnerabilities and select suitable sites for temporary settlements. Due to the occurrence of several earthquakes in recent decades around the city of Isfahan, Iran, this area has been studied. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, geographic information system and rapid visual screening have been used for data analysis.

Findings
According to the site selection and vulnerability criteria and their prioritization, the findings indicate that 60% of the study area is vulnerable. Moreover, vacant lots, stadiums and public green spaces that can be used as multi-purpose sites are the most appropriate options for the temporary settlement.

Practical implications
The research criteria are generalizable and can be used for decision-making, concerning urban fabric vulnerability and site selection of temporary housing in cities exposed to earthquake risk.

Originality/value
Cultural features, accessibility, land conditions, the slope and type of land, availability and construction materials were addressed in locating temporary settlements. In addition to vacant lots and open spaces, safe buildings were also identified for temporary housing, and religious minorities and similar communities were considered.