bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition education incorporation into mainstream primary school curriculum in Ghana: Stakeholders’ sources of nutrition information and perceived barriers
Authors: Quaidoo Esi , Ohemeng Agartha , Kushitor Mawuli K. , Antwi Janet 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Nutrition literacy has been cited as a crucial life skill. Nutrition education as a primary school subject has been treated inconsequentially when compared to other subjects. We investigated an aspect of the current state of nutrition education in Ghana by engaging stakeholders about their sources of nutrition information and the perceived barriers in implementing nutrition education in mainstream primary schools.

Methods
Three hundred and fifty one (351) primary school children, 121 homebased caregivers, six schoolteachers, two headteachers, two Ghana Education Service (GES) officials, and six school cooks were involved in the study. Surveys were used to collect data on nutrition information acquisition behaviors and to record perceived barriers. Key Informant Interviews were conducted among GES officials, headteachers, schoolteachers and school cooks, while Focus Group Discussions were used among homebased caregivers and children to gather qualitative information.

Results
Only 36.3% of the primary school children had heard about nutrition, and 71% of those got nutrition information from their family members. About 70% of homebased caregivers had heard or seen nutrition messages, and their source of nutrition information was predominantly traditional media. Schoolteachers mostly received their nutrition information from non-governmental organizations and the Internet, while most of the school cooks stated their main source of nutrition information was hospital visits. Perceived barriers included schoolteachers’ knowledge insufficiency, and lack of resources to adequately deliver nutrition education. Lack of a clear policy appeared to be an additional barrier.

Conclusion
The barriers to the implementation of nutrition education in the mainstream curriculum at the primary school level that were identified in this study can be resolved by: providing schoolteachers with learning opportunities and adequate nutrition education resources for practical delivery, having specific national policy framework, and including family members and school cooks in the nutrition education knowledge and information dissemination process.
Bounds for eigenvalues of the Dirichlet problem for the logarithmic Laplacian
Authors: Chen Huyuan , Véron Laurent 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We provide bounds for the sequence of eigenvalues

{

λ
i

⁢

(
Ω
)

}

i

{\{\lambda_{i}(\Omega)\}_{i}}

of the Dirichlet problem

L
Δ

⁢
u

=

λ
⁢
u
⁢
in
⁢
Ω

,

u
=

0
⁢
in
⁢

ℝ
N

∖
Ω

,

L_{\Delta}u=\lambda u\text{ in }\Omega,\quad u=0\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^{N}%
\setminus\Omega,

where

L
Δ

{L_{\Delta}}

is the logarithmic Laplacian operator with Fourier transform symbol

2
⁢

ln
⁡

|
ζ
|

{2\ln\lvert\zeta\rvert}

.
The logarithmic Laplacian operator is not positively defined if the volume of the domain is large enough. In this article, we obtain the upper and lower bounds for the sum of the first k eigenvalues by extending the Li–Yau method and Kröger’s method, respectively. Moreover, we show the limit of the quotient of the sum of the first k eigenvalues by

k
⁢

ln
⁡
k

{k\ln k}

is independent of the volume of the domain. Finally, we discuss the lower and upper bounds of the k-th principle eigenvalue, and the asymptotic behavior of the limit of eigenvalues.
Integral representation of local functionals depending on vector fields
Authors: Essebei Fares , Pinamonti Andrea , Verzellesi Simone 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Given an open and bounded set

Ω
⊆

ℝ
n

{\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n}}

and a family

𝐗
=

(

X
1

,
…
,

X
m

)

{\mathbf{X}=(X_{1},\ldots,X_{m})}

of Lipschitz vector fields on Ω, with

m
≤
n

{m\leq n}

, we characterize three classes of local functionals defined on first-order X-Sobolev spaces, which admit an integral representation in terms of X, i.e.

F
⁢

(
u
,
A
)

=

∫
A

f
⁢

(
x
,

u
⁢

(
x
)

,

X
⁢
u
⁢

(
x
)

)

⁢

𝑑
x

,

F(u,A)=\int_{A}f(x,u(x),Xu(x))\,dx,

with f being a Carathéodory integrand.
On cutting blocking sets and their codes
Authors: Bartoli Daniele , Cossidente Antonio , Marino Giuseppe , Pavese Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLetPG⁡(r,q){\operatorname{PG}(r,q)}be ther-dimensional projective space over the finite fieldGF⁡(q){\operatorname{GF}(q)}. A set𝒳{\mathcal{X}}of points ofPG⁡(r,q){\operatorname{PG}(r,q)}is a cutting blocking set if for each hyperplane Π ofPG⁡(r,q){\operatorname{PG}(r,q)}the setΠ∩𝒳{\Pi\cap\mathcal{X}}spans Π. Cutting blocking sets give rise to saturating sets and minimal linear codes, and those having size as small as possible are of particular interest. We observe that from a cutting blocking set obtained in [20], by using a set of pairwise disjoint lines, there arises a minimal linear code whose length grows linearly with respect to its dimension. We also provide two distinct constructions: a cutting blocking set ofPG⁡(3,q3){\operatorname{PG}(3,q^{3})}of size3⁢(q+1)⁢(q2+1){3(q+1)(q^{2}+1)}as a union of three pairwise disjointq-order subgeometries, and a cutting blocking set ofPG⁡(5,q){\operatorname{PG}(5,q)}of size7⁢(q+1){7(q+1)}from seven lines of a Desarguesian line spread ofPG⁡(5,q){\operatorname{PG}(5,q)}. In both cases, the cutting blocking sets obtained are smaller than the known ones. As a byproduct, we further improve on the upper bound of the smallest size of certain saturating sets and on the minimum length of a minimalq-ary linear code having dimension 4 and 6.
Upper estimates of heat kernels for non-local Dirichlet forms on doubling spaces
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Liu Guanhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new approach to obtaining the off-diagonal upper
estimate of the heat kernel for any regular Dirichlet form without a killing
part on the doubling space. One of the novelties is that we have obtained
the weighted

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm estimate of the survival function

1
-

P
t
B

⁢

1
B

{1-P_{t}^{B}1_{B}}

for any metric ball B, which yields a nice tail estimate of the heat
semigroup associated with the Dirichlet form. The parabolic

L
2

{L^{2}}

mean-value
inequality is borrowed to use.
Differentiable functions and their Fourier coefficients
Authors: Tsagareishvili Vakhtang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the paper we consider the properties of Fourier coefficients of functions that possess derivatives of bounded variation. We investigate the convergence of the special series of Fourier coefficients with respect to general orthonormal systems (ONS). The obtained results are the best possible. We also describe the behavior of subsequences of general ONS.
New criteria for dissipativity analysis of Caputo fractional-order neural networks with non-differentiable time-varying delays
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi , Thanh Huyen Nguyen Thi , Huyen Thu Nguyen Thi , Sau Nguyen Huu , Thuan Mai Viet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the delay-dependent and order-dependent dissipativity analysis for a class of Caputo fractional-order neural networks (FONNs) subject to time-varying delays. By employing the Razumikhin fractional-order (RFO) approach combined with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) techniques, a new sufficient condition is derived to guarantee that the considered fractional-order is strictly (Q, S, R) − γ − dissipativity. The condition is presented via LMIs and can be efficiently checked. Two numerical examples and simulation results are finally provided to express the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Rule by Automation: How Automated Decision Systems Promote Freedom and Equality
Authors: Sparks Jacob , Jayaram Athmeya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing automated systems to avoid the need for human discretion in government contexts – a scenario we call ‘rule by automation’ – can help us achieve the ideal of a free and equal society. Drawing on relational theories of freedom and equality, we explain how rule by automation is a more complete realization of the rule of law and why thinkers in these traditions have strong reasons to support it. Relational theories are based on theabsenceof human domination and hierarchy, which automation helps us achieve. Nevertheless, there is another understanding of relational theories where what matters is thepresenceof valuable relationships with those in power. Exploring this further might help us see when and why we should accept human discretion.
Enhancement of the mechanical properties of HDPE mineral nanocomposites by filler particles modulation of the matrix plastic/elastic behavior
Authors: Murtaja Yousef , Lapčík Lubomír , Sepetcioglu Harun , Vlček Jakub , Lapčíková Barbora , Ovsík Martin , Staněk Michal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two different nanosized mineral fillers (nano calcium carbonate and nanoclay) were used in the high density poly(ethylene) (HDPE) composites pilot plant production. Structural and mechanical properties of the prepared composites were examined in this study. The homogenous filler distribution was confirmed in the tested samples by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. The fillers’ fortifying effect on polymer composites’ mechanical performance was confirmed as indicated by the increased elastic modulus and indentation modulus. Additionally, the possible modulation of the plastic-elastic mechanical behavior was confirmed by the type of the filler as well as its concentration used in the final composites testing articles.
Membrane applications in the food industry
Authors: Staszak Katarzyna , Wieszczycka Karolina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Current trends in the food industry for the application of membrane techniques are presented. Industrial solutions as well as laboratory research, which can contribute to the improvement of membrane efficiency and performance in this field, are widely discussed. Special attention is given to the main food industries related to dairy, sugar and biotechnology. In addition, the potential of membrane techniques to assist in the treatment of waste sources arising from food production is highlighted.
Validity and Reliability of a Motorized Sprint Resistance Device
Authors: Rakovic Elvir , Paulsen Gøran , Helland Christian , Haugen Thomas , Eriksrud Ola 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rakovic, E, Paulsen, G, Helland, C, Haugen, T, and Eriksrud, O. Validity and reliability of a motorized sprint resistance device. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2335–2338, 2022—An increasing number of sprint-related studies have used motorized devices to provide resistance while sprinting. The aim of this study was to establish within-session reliability and criterion validity of sprint times obtained from a motorized resistance device. Seventeen elite, female, handball players (22.9 ± 3.0 years; 176.5 ± 6.5 cm; 72.7 ± 5.5 kg; training volume 9.3 ± 0.7 hours per week) performed two 30-m sprints under 3 different resistance loading conditions (50, 80 and 110 N). Sprint times (t0–5m, t5–10m, t10–15m, t15–20m, t20–30m, and t0–30m) were assessed simultaneously by a 1080 Sprint motorized resistance device and a postprocessing timing system. The results showed that 1080 Sprint timing was equivalent to the postprocessing timing system within the limits of precision (±0.01 seconds). A systematic bias of approximately 0.34 ± 0.01 seconds was observed for t0–5m caused by different athlete location and velocity at triggering point between the systems. Coefficient of variation was approximately 2% for t0–5 and approximately 1% for the other time intervals, although standard error of measurement ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 seconds, depending on distance and phase of sprint. Intraclass correlation ranged from 0.86 to 0.95. In conclusion, the present study shows that the 1080 Sprint is valid and reliable for sprint performance monitoring purposes.
Kinetics and Kinematics of the Free-Weight Back Squat and Loaded Jump Squat
Authors: Thompson Steve W. , Lake Jason P. , Rogerson David , Ruddock Alan , Barnes Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thompson, SW, Lake, JP, Rogerson, D, Ruddock, A, and Barnes, A. Kinetics and kinematics of the free-weight back squat and loaded jump squat. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 1–8, 2023—The aim of this study was to compare kinetics and kinematics of 2 lower-body free-weight exercises, calculated from concentric and propulsion subphases, across multiple loads. Sixteen strength-trained men performed back squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM) tests (visit 1), followed by 2 incremental back squat and jump squat protocols (visit 2) (loads = 0% and 30–60%, back squat 1RM). Concentric phase and propulsion phase force-time-displacement characteristics were derived from force plate data and compared using analysis of variance and Hedges' g effect sizes. Intrasession reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). All dependent variables met acceptable reliability (ICC >0.7; CV < 10%). Statistically significant 3-way interactions (load × phase × exercise) and 2-way main effects (phase × exercise) were observed for mean force, velocity (30–60% 1RM), power, work, displacement, and duration (0%, 30–50% 1RM) (p < 0.05). A significant 2-way interaction (load × exercise) was observed for impulse (p < 0.001). Jump squat velocity (g = 0.94–3.80), impulse (g = 1.98–3.21), power (g = 0.84–2.93), and work (g = 1.09–3.56) were significantly larger across concentric and propulsion phases, as well as mean propulsion force (g = 0.30–1.06) performed over all loads (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed for mean concentric force. Statistically longer durations (g = 0.38–1.54) and larger displacements (g = 2.03–4.40) were evident for all loads and both subphases (p < 0.05). Ballistic, lower-body exercise produces greater kinetic and kinematic outputs than nonballistic equivalents, irrespective of phase determination. Practitioners should therefore use ballistic methods when prescribing or testing lower-body exercises to maximize athlete's force-time-displacement characteristics.
Range of Motion Predicts Performance in National-Level New Zealand Male Powerlifters
Authors: Spence Alyssa-Joy , Helms Eric R. , Sousa Colby A. , McGuigan Michael R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spence, AJ, Helms, ER, Sousa, CA, and McGuigan, MR. Range of motion predicts performance in National-level New Zealand male powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 123–128, 2023—Previous research established that male powerlifters have less range of motion (ROM) in several movements about the shoulder and hip compared with sedentary male subjects. It is unclear if these differences in ROM are related to strength, training type, and years of training experience or if individuals with less ROM have a better propensity to gain strength. The purpose of this study was to compare strength and ROM in male powerlifters and recreationally strength-trained male subjects and to determine if ROM would be an effective predictor of strength in these groups. Twelve powerlifters and 12 recreationally strength-trained control subjects completed 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat and bench press testing. In a subsequent session, active ROM was measured, and velocity data were collected during submaximal squat repetitions. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the groups for age, height, body mass, training experience, and training frequency. Powerlifters had significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) training duration and absolute squat and bench press 1RM. Powerlifters had significantly less shoulder extension and horizontal abduction, and hip flexion, extension, and adduction than recreationally strength-trained men. Significant negative relationships were found between 2-lift Wilks score (body mass relative strength) and shoulder extension and horizontal abduction, as well as hip flexion and extension. In powerlifters, significant negative relationships were found between competition Wilks score, shoulder extension, and hip flexion. Because these relationships correspond to the bottom position of the squat and bench press, it may be best to ensure that shoulder extension and hip flexion remain sufficient to achieve competition depth.
Exercise Intensity and Rest Intervals Effects on Intracellular Signals and Anabolic Response of Skeletal Muscle to Resistance Training
Authors: Moro Tatiana , Monaco Lucia , Naro Fabio , Reggiani Carlo , Paoli Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Moro, T, Monaco, L, Naro, F, Reggiani, C, and Paoli, A. Exercise intensity and rest intervals effects on intracellular signals and anabolic response of skeletal muscle to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1695–1703, 2024—Resistance training (RT) is one of the most important stimuli for muscle hypertrophy, and it may play also an important role on weight loss and fatty acids oxidation. Clearly, RT affects anabolic pathways, but the differences among various training techniques has been poorly investigated. We sought to compare the effect of 2 different intensities of training: high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT), on muscle signaling pathway. Nine young healthy subjects performed HIIRT and TRT protocol on 2 different occasions and with different legs on leg extension. High-intensity interval resistance training technique consisted of 3 sets of 6 repetitions (reps) at 6 repetition maximum and then 20 seconds of rest and 2 or 3 repetitions (until exhaustion) repeated for 3 times with 2′30″ rest between sets, whereas TRT consisted of 3 sets of 15 reps with 75 seconds of rest between sets. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken at baseline (pre), immediately (0 hours) at the end of training, and 6 hours (6 h) and 24 hours (24 h) after training. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis were performed to assess muscle signaling pathway activation. In both protocols, rpS6 phosphorylation significantly increased at 6 hours (p < 0.05). Traditional resistance training showed a significant increase at 24 hours of AMPK phosphorylation compared with HIIRT (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences between groups were found for other proteins. mRNA analysis showed no differences between protocols except for striated muscle activator of Rho signaling. The manipulation of resistance training intensity through incomplete/short recovery does not induce different molecular anabolic and metabolic responses compared with a TRT method.
Trial Registration number: NCT04163120 retrospectively registered.
Specific Plasticity Loci and Their Synergism Mediate Operant Conditioning
Authors: Momohara Yuto , Neveu Curtis L. , Chen Hsin-Mei , Baxter Douglas A. , Byrne John H. 
Published: January 2022

Despite numerous studies examining the mechanisms of operant conditioning (OC), the diversity of OC plasticity loci and their synergism have not been examined sufficiently. In the well-characterized feeding neural circuit ofAplysia,in vivoandin vitroappetitive OC increases neuronal excitability and electrical coupling among several neurons leading to an increase in expression of ingestive behavior. Here, we used thein vitroanalog of OC to investigate whether OC reduces the excitability of a neuron, B4, whose inhibitory connections decrease expression of ingestive behavior. We found OC decreased the excitability of B4. This change appeared intrinsic to B4 because it could be replicated with an analog of OC in isolated cultures of B4 neurons. In addition to changes in B4 excitability, OC decreased the strength of B4's inhibitory connection to a key decision-making neuron, B51. The OC-induced changes were specific without affecting the excitability of another neuron critical for feeding behavior, B8, or the B4-to-B8 inhibitory connection. A conductance-based circuit model indicated that reducing the B4-to-B51 synapse, or increasing B51 excitability, mediated the OC phenotype more effectively than did decreasing B4 excitability. We combined these modifications to examine whether they could act synergistically. Combinations including B51 synergistically enhanced feeding. Taken together, these results suggest modifications of diverse loci work synergistically to mediate OC and that some neurons are well suited to work synergistically with plasticity in other loci.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ways in which synergism of diverse plasticity loci mediate the change in motor patterns in operant conditioning (OC) are poorly understood. Here, we found that OC was in part mediated by decreasing the intrinsic excitability of a critical neuron ofAplysiafeeding behavior, and specifically reducing the strength of one of its inhibitory connections that targets a key decision-making neuron. A conductance-based computational model indicated that the known plasticity loci showed a surprising level of synergism to mediate the behavioral changes associated with OC. These results highlight the importance of understanding the diversity, specificity and synergy among different types of plasticity that encode memory. Also, because OC inAplysiais mediated by dopamine (DA), the present study provides insights into specific and synergistic mechanisms of DA-mediated reinforcement of behaviors.
Laboratory features of cardiovascular injury in COVID-19 and other acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Khavkina D. A. , Chukhlyaev P. V. , Ruzhentsova T. A. 
Published: January 2022

The article presents data from a study of specific cardiac markers in patients with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by cardiovascular injury. However, with other ARVIs, the prevalence of heart involvement is also high and, according to the literature data, is about 20%. At the same time, laboratory characteristics of these lesions have significant differences in ARVI and COVID-19, which necessitates different approaches to therapy.Aim. To determine the most significant markers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement in patients with COVID-19.Material and methods. A total of 60 patients were included in the study: main group (n=30), COVID-19 was laboratory confirmed; comparison group (n=30), other ARVI pathogens were verified. The groups were completely comparable in sex, age and severity of disease course. The average values of troponin, creatine kinase MB, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and D-dimer were compared in patients of both groups in the acute disease phase, corresponding from 1 to 8 days from the symptoms’ onset. Data analysis was performed using a two-sided independent samples t-test using SPSS Statistics version 23.Results. The higher levels of troponin-I and D-dimer were significantly more common in the main group. The mean value of creatine kinase MB did not exceed the upper limits of reference values. There were no significant differences in NTproBnP levels between the groups. At the same time, in both groups, its level significantly exceeded the age reference values.Conclusion. The most effective markers of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients should be considered troponin-I, D-dimer and NT-proBNP. Early diagnosis and laboratory monitoring in dynamics is important for the timely detection of cardiac pathology and alteration of therapy regimen.