bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage and You Shall Find: Cardiac Glycoside Poisoning and the Danger of Foraging
Authors: Shanahan Kevin M , Thomas Mary A , Walker Erika N , Downs John W 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Amateur foraging, which can be described as the gathering of uncultivated plants for sustenance or recreation, supports many benefits for the forager and the environment; however, it can also present the hazard of unintentional poisoning. Asclepias syriaca, or common milkweed, is a potentially edible plant that also contains cardioactive steroids akin to digoxin. A 38-year-old female amateur forager boiled and sautéed 8-10 milkweed pods before ingesting them. She developed vomiting and heart palpitations within 1 hour and presented to an emergency department 3 hours after ingestion. Her exam was within normal limits with exception of heart rate in the 40-50s without hypotension. ECG was notable for sinus bradycardia. Laboratory analysis was notable for a detectable serum digoxin concentration. Life-threatening toxicity did not occur. Recently, some military services have advocated for foraging as a means to sustain far-forward troops. However, misidentification of plants by inexperienced foragers can result in severe toxicity or death. If mass foraging becomes part of expeditionary operations, military clinicians must be trained and prepared for the potentially severe plant-related poisonings.
Effects of rotation on the spectra of brown dwarfs
Authors: Lipatov Mikhail , Brandt Timothy D , Batalha Natasha E 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Measured rotational speeds of giant planets and brown dwarfs frequently constitute appreciable fractions of the breakup limit, resulting in centrifugal expansion of these objects at the equator. According to models of internal energy transport, this expansion ought to make the poles of a rotator significantly hotter than the equator, so that inclination of the rotational axis greatly affects both spectral shape and total flux. In this paper, we explore the dependence of a substellar object’s observables on its rotational speed and axis inclination. To do so, we combine picaso (Planetary Intensity Code for Atmospheric Spectroscopy Observations) with software pars (Paint the Atmospheres of Rotating Stars). The former computer program models radiative transfer within plane-parallel planetary atmospheres, while the latter computes disc-integrated spectra of centrifugally deformed gaseous masses. We find that the specific flux of a typical fast-rotating brown dwarf can increase by as much as a factor of 1.5 with movement from an equator-on to a pole-on view. On the other hand, the distinctive effect of rotation on spectral shape increases toward the equator-on view. The latter effect also increases with lower effective temperature. The bolometric luminosity estimate for a typical fast rotator at extreme inclinations has to be adjusted by as much as ${\sim} 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ due to the anisotropy of the object’s observed flux. We provide a general formula for the calculation of the corresponding adjustment factor in terms of rotational speed and inclination.
Magnetic induction processes in hot Jupiters, application to KELT-9b
Authors: Dietrich Wieland , Kumar Sandeep , Poser Anna Julia , French Martin , Nettelmann Nadine , Redmer Ronald , Wicht Johannes 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The small semimajor axes of hot Jupiters lead to high atmospheric temperatures of up to several thousand Kelvin. Under these conditions, thermally ionized metals provide a rich source of charged particles and thus build up a sizeable electrical conductivity. Subsequent electromagnetic effects, such as the induction of electric currents, Ohmic heating, magnetic drag, or the weakening of zonal winds have thus far been considered mainly in the framework of a linear, steady-state model of induction. For hot Jupiters with an equilibrium temperature Teq &gt; 1500 K, the induction of atmospheric magnetic fields is a runaway process that can only be stopped by non-linear feedback. For example, the back-reaction of the magnetic field on to the flow via the Lorentz force or the occurrence of magnetic instabilities. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of self-excited atmospheric dynamos. Our results suggest that the induced atmospheric magnetic fields and electric currents become independent of the electrical conductivity and the internal field, but instead are limited by the planetary rotation rate and wind speed. As an explicit example, we characterize the induction process for the hottest exoplanet, KELT-9b, by calculating the electrical conductivity along atmospheric P–T profiles for the dayside and nightside. Despite the temperature varying between 3000 and 4500 K, the resulting electrical conductivity attains an elevated value of roughly 1 S m−1 throughout the atmosphere. The induced magnetic fields are predominately horizontal and might reach up to a saturation field strength of 400 mT, exceeding the internal field by two orders of magnitude.
Accuracy and precision of triaxial orbit models – II. Viewing angles, shape, and orbital structure
Authors: de Nicola Stefano , Neureiter Bianca , Thomas Jens , Saglia Roberto P , Bender Ralf 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We explore the potential of our novel triaxial modelling machinery in recovering the viewing angles, the shape, and the orbit distribution of galaxies by using a high-resolution N-body merger simulation. Our modelling technique includes several recent advancements. (i) Our new triaxial deprojection algorithm shape3d is able to significantly shrink the range of possible orientations of a triaxial galaxy and therefore to constrain its shape relying only on photometric information. It also allows to probe degeneracies, i.e. to recover different deprojections at the same assumed orientation. With this method we can constrain the intrinsic shape of the N-body simulation, i.e. the axis ratios p = b/a and q = c/a, with Δp and Δq ≲ 0.1 using only photometric information. The typical accuracy of the viewing angles reconstruction is 15°–20°. (ii) Our new triaxial Schwarzschild code smart exploits the full kinematic information contained in the entire non-parametric line-of-sight velocity distributions along with a 5D orbital sampling in phase space. (iii) We use a new generalized Akaike information criterion AICp to optimize the smoothing and to select the best-fitting model, avoiding potential biases in purely χ2-based approaches. With our deprojected densities, we recover the correct orbital structure and anisotropy parameter β with Δβ ≲ 0.1. These results are valid regardless of the tested orientation of the simulation and suggest that even despite the known intrinsic photometric and kinematic degeneracies the above described advanced methods make it possible to recover the shape and the orbital structure of triaxial bodies with unprecedented accuracy.
Semi-analytical frameworks for subhaloes from the smallest to the largest scale
Authors: Hiroshima Nagisa , Ando Shin’ichiro , Ishiyama Tomoaki 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Substructures of dark matter halo, called subhaloes, provide important clues to understand the nature of dark matter. We construct a useful model to describe the properties of subhalo mass functions based on the well-known analytical prescriptions, the extended Press–Schechter theory. The unevolved subhalo mass functions at arbitrary mass scales become describable without introducing free parameters. The different host halo evolution histories are directly recast to their subhalo mass functions. As applications, we quantify the effects from (i) the Poisson fluctuation, (ii) the host-mass scatter, and the (iii) different tidal evolution models on observables in the current Universe with this scheme. The Poisson fluctuation dominates in the number count of the mass ratio to the host of $\sim {\cal O}(10^{-2})$, where the intrinsic scatter is smaller by a factor of a few. The host-mass scatter around its mean does not affect the subhalo mass function. Different models of the tidal evolution predict a factor of ∼2 difference in numbers of subhaloes with $\lesssim {\cal O}(10^{-5})$, while the dependence of the Poisson fluctuation on the tidal evolution models is subtle. The scheme provides a new tool for investigating the smallest scale structures of our Universe which are to be observed in near future experiments.
Constraints on the Galactic Centre environment from Gaia hypervelocity stars II: The evolved population
Authors: Evans F A , Marchetti T , Rossi E M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
A dynamical encounter between a stellar binary and Sgr A* in the Galactic Centre (GC) can tidally separate the binary and eject one member with a velocity beyond the escape speed of the Milky Way. These hypervelocity stars (HVSs) can offer insight into the stellar populations in the GC environment. In a previous work, our simulations showed that the lack of main sequence HVS candidates with precise astrometric uncertainties and radial velocities in current data releases from the Gaia space mission places a robust upper limit on the ejection rate of HVSs from the GC of $3\times 10^{-2} \, \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$. We improve this constraint in this work by additionally considering the absence of post-main sequence HVSs in Gaia Early Data Release 3 as well as the existence of the HVS candidate S5-HVS1. This evidence offers degenerate joint constraints on the HVS ejection rate and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in the GC. For a top-heavy GC IMF as suggested by recent works, our modelling motivates an HVS ejection rate of $\eta =0.7_{-0.5}^{+1.5} \times 10^{-4} \, \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$. This preferred ejection rate can be as large as $10^{-2} \, \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$ for a very top-light IMF and as low as 10$^{-4.5} \, \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$ if the IMF is extremely top-heavy. Constraints will improve further with future Gaia data releases, regardless of how many HVS candidates are found therewithin.
Sustained FU Orionis-type outbursts from colliding discs in stellar flybys
Authors: Borchert Elisabeth M A , Price Daniel J , Pinte Christophe , Cuello Nicolás 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We perform 3D hydrodynamic simulations of disc–disc stellar flybys with on-the-fly Monte Carlo radiative transfer. We show that pre-existing circumstellar discs around both stars result in fast rising (∼years) outbursts lasting two to five times longer than for a star–disc flyby. The perturber always goes into outburst ($\dot{M}\gt 10^{-5}~{\rm M_{\odot }~ yr^{-1}}$). Whereas we find that the primary goes into a decades long outburst only when the flyby is retrograde to the circumprimary disc rotation. High accretion rates during the outburst are triggered by angular momentum cancellation in misaligned material generated by the encounter. A large fraction of accreted material is alien.
The whisper of a whimper of a bang: 2400 d of the Type Ia SN 2011fe reveals the decay of 55Fe
Authors: Tucker M A , Shappee B J , Kochanek C S , Stanek K Z , Ashall C , Anand G S , Garnavich P 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We analyse new multifilter Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2011fe out to ≈2400 d after maximum light, the latest observations to date of a SN Ia. We model the pseudo-bolometric light curve with a simple radioactive decay model and find energy input from both 57Co and 55Fe are needed to power the late-time luminosity. This is the first detection of 55Fe in a SN Ia. We consider potential sources of contamination such as a surviving companion star or delaying the deposition time-scale for 56Co positrons but these scenarios are ultimately disfavored. The relative isotopic abundances place direct constraints on the burning conditions experienced by the white dwarf (WD). Additionally, we place a conservative upper limit of &lt;10−3 M⊙ on the synthesized mass of 44Ti. Only two classes of explosion models are currently consistent with all observations of SN 2011fe: (1) the delayed detonation of a low-ρc, near-MCh (1.2–1.3 M⊙) WD, or (2) a sub-MCh (1.0–1.1 M⊙) WD experiencing a thin-shell double detonation.
Investigating the subchondral trabecular bone microstructure in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head using multi-detector row computed tomography
Authors: Inoue Tadashi , Shoji Takeshi , Kato Yuichi , Fujiwara Yusuke , Sumii Junichi , Shozen Hideki , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To analyse the microstructural changes of subchondral trabecular bone in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT).

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 76 hips in 50 patients diagnosed with ONFH between 2017 and 2021. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 comprised hips without ONFH, ONFH without femoral head collapse (FHC), ONFH with mild collapse (&lt;2 mm), and ONFH with severe collapse (&gt;2 mm), respectively. All patients underwent MDCT, and the subchondral trabecular bone microstructure was assessed. Regions of interests were set at the lateral boundary of the femoral head necrotic lesion and centre of the acetabular weight-bearing portion.

Results
In both the femoral head and the acetabular regions, there were significant differences in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1, with increased volumetric bone mineral density and apparent bone volume fraction, and more plate-like with increased connectivity, indicating that osteosclerotic changes were occurring.

Conclusions
In both the femoral head and the acetabular regions, osteosclerotic changes of subchondral trabecular bone microstructure were present before FHC.
A rare syndrome mimicking scleroderma: Werner syndrome
Authors: Okyar Burak , Akben Seçkin , Torun Bekir , Çetin Gözde Yıldırım 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is a premature ageing syndrome that can manifest itself with grey hair, hair loss, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, skin disorders, ocular cataracts, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, and stroke, especially after puberty. Physical examination findings similar to systemic sclerosis may be seen. Therefore, it may mimic this disease as misleading. A 43-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with a pre-diagnosis of systemic sclerosis complaint of skin hardening up to the ankle. In the first physical examination, there were wrinkles and thinning of the lip, suggesting systemic sclerosis in the facial appearance. On her capillaroscopy, there was tortuosity and an old focus of microhemorrhage. She had a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic osteomyelitis. When all symptoms, clinical findings, and antibody results were combined, it was thought that the patient might have WS. WS was diagnosed with homozygous c.2221 C&gt;P p.R741*(rs763089663) positive in genetic analysis. It is known that WS creates a predisposition to malignancies, and most patients die secondary to malignancies. Therefore, early diagnosis becomes essential. Early diagnosis is of vital importance both to prevent complications and to delay treatment. In particular, systemic sclerosis-like findings of this syndrome may cause delays in diagnosis. For this reason, small clues suggesting WS in the clinic should be well known and well defined.
Total cortical interstitial inflammation predicts chronic kidney disease progression in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Duong Minh Dien , Wang Shudan , Schwartz Daniel , Mowrey Wenzhu B , Broder Anna , Goilav Beatrice 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) from lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and prognostication of LN. While interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) predict progression to ESKD, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification of interstitial inflammation in unscarred cortical parenchyma is not predictive of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The objective of this study was to determine whether total cortical interstitial inflammation that accounts for inflammation in the entire cortical parenchyma could predict CKD progression in patients with LN. Early identification of at-risk patients may improve outcomes.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 125 SLE patients with LN class III, IV, V or mixed (III/V, IV/V) on the index biopsy (2005–2018). Kidney biopsies were reviewed and assigned based on the 2018 NIH Activity Index (AI) and tubulointerstitial lesion categories. Total interstitial inflammation in the entire cortical parenchyma was graded as 0, 1, 2 or 3, corresponding to &lt;10%, 10–25%, 26–50% and &gt;50%, respectively, of the total cortical parenchyma containing an inflammatory infiltrate (similar to the definition used in the Banff total inflammation score). CKD progression was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease of ≥30% within 5 years after the index biopsy. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to compare the two scoring systems, the total cortical intestinal inflammation score and the NIH interstitial inflammation score as predictors of CKD progression.

Results
Of 125 patients, 46 experienced CKD progression; 21 of 46 subsequently developed ESKD, 28 (22.4%) had moderate–severe total cortical interstitial inflammation and 8 (6.4%) had moderate–severe NIH interstitial inflammation. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between progressors and nonprogressors. Total cortical interstitial inflammation was associated with CKD progression in time-dependent analyses [hazard ratio 2.45 (95% confidence interval 1.2–4.97)] adjusted for age at biopsy, race, sex, LN class and hypertensive vascular change on kidney biopsy. The NIH interstitial inflammation was not associated with CKD progression.

Conclusions
In contrast to the current NIH interstitial inflammation classification, accounting for interstitial inflammation in the entire cortical parenchyma allows identification of patients at risk for CKD progression in LN.
A Primer on Home Infusion Administration Methods
Authors: Loriaux Alain , Desmond Michael , Li Peng Cheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHome infusion therapy is a rapidly growing field in healthcare, allowing patients to receive postacute care at home at a fraction of the cost of an inpatient stay. Understanding the various drug delivery systems can facilitate a more seamless discharge to home with improved patient outcomes. Herein we review several home infusion methods of administration utilized to transition patients from hospital to home care for a variety of therapies.
Reducing substrate inhibition of malate dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus by C-terminal truncation
Authors: Shimozawa Yuya , Matsuhisa Hinano , Nakamura Tsutomu , Himiyama Tomoki , Nishiya Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes the reduction of oxaloacetate to L-malate. Geobacillus stearothermophilus MDH (gs-MDH) is used as a diagnostic reagent; however, gs-MDH is robustly inhibited at high substrate concentrations, which limits its reaction rate. Here, we reduced substrate inhibition of gs-MDH by deleting its C-terminal residues. Computational analysis showed that C-terminal residues regulate the position of the active site loop. C-terminal deletions of gs-MDH successfully increased Ki values by 5- to 8-fold with maintained thermal stability (&gt;90% of the wild-type enzyme), although kcat/Km values were decreased by &lt;2-fold. The structure of the mutant showed a shift in the location of the active site loop and a decrease in its volume, suggesting that substrate inhibition was reduced by eliminating the putative substrate binding site causing inhibition. Our results provide an effective method to reduce substrate inhibition of the enzyme without loss of other parameters, including binding and stability constants.
Co-creating end-user roles. Understanding the new variety of user involvement in public sector innovation
Authors: Lipp Benjamin , Baudrin Mathieu , Cuevas-Garcia Carlos , Pepponi Federica , Rozwadowska Magdalena , Tsui Shelly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCo-creation has become a major concern in science and public policy. It aims to give a more central role to end users in producing (public sector) innovation outcomes. This leads to a new variety of end user roles in innovation activities and poses challenges for both practitioners and policy makers. We offer an in-depth, comparative analysis of such end user roles in three cases of co-creative public sector innovation across Europe. We argue that the definition of particular end user roles is crucial in shaping both the inclusiveness and outcomes of co-creative innovation. We offer a typology of end user roles and their respective limits and potentials with regard to co-creation. Our analysis suggests that, for co-creation to produce useful and legitimate outcomes, the process by which roles are assigned to and negotiated with end users must be part of the co-creative process itself.
Accurate characterization of dynamic microbial gene expression and growth rate profiles
Authors: Vidal Gonzalo , Vitalis Carolus , Muñoz Silva Macarena , Castillo-Passi Carlos , Yáñez Feliú Guillermo , Federici Fernán , Rudge Timothy J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Genetic circuits are subject to variability due to cellular and compositional contexts. Cells face changing internal states and environments, the cellular context, to which they sense and respond by changing their gene expression and growth rates. Furthermore, each gene in a genetic circuit operates in a compositional context of genes which may interact with each other and the host cell in complex ways. The context of genetic circuits can, therefore, change gene expression and growth rates, and measuring their dynamics is essential to understanding natural and synthetic regulatory networks that give rise to functional phenotypes. However, reconstruction of microbial gene expression and growth rate profiles from typical noisy measurements of cell populations is difficult due to the effects of noise at low cell densities among other factors. We present here a method for the estimation of dynamic microbial gene expression rates and growth rates from noisy measurement data. Compared to the current state-of-the-art, our method significantly reduced the mean squared error of reconstructions from simulated data of growth and gene expression rates, improving the estimation of timing and magnitude of relevant shapes of profiles. We applied our method to characterize a triple-reporter plasmid library combining multiple transcription units in different compositional and cellular contexts in Escherichia coli. Our analysis reveals cellular and compositional context effects on microbial growth and gene expression rate dynamics and suggests a method for the dynamic ratiometric characterization of constitutive promoters relative to an in vivo reference.
Graphical Abstract