bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotational thromboelastometry in children presenting to an Australian major trauma centre: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: George Shane , Wake Elizabeth , Sweeny Amy , Campbell Don , Winearls James 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective cohort study aims to describe patterns of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM™) results in paediatric trauma following the implementation of a ROTEM‐guided critical bleeding algorithm and major haemorrhage protocol (MHP).MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary trauma hospital in Queensland, Australia, where point‐of‐care ROTEM was introduced for paediatric patients in 2014. All children aged less than 18 years who had a ROTEM test during their presentation between January 2014 and December 2017 for a traumatic injury were included in the dataset. Other children with a record in the hospital's trauma registry in the same period were also screened for blood product usage. Data were collected for frequency of ROTEM testing, pathology and ROTEM results, blood product and antifibrinolytic use along with injury related data. Compliance with recommended treatment thresholds for detected coagulopathy was also reviewed.ResultsA total of 1039 children were listed in the trauma registry, including 167 children having a ROTEM test for trauma. Factors significantly associated with having a ROTEM test were older age, higher injury severity score (ISS >12) and penetrating injury. A result exceeding a treatment threshold was returned for 122 (73.1%) of 167 children, with hyperfibrinolysis identified in 88 (52.6%) of 167 and hypofibrinogenaemia identified in 54 (32.3%) of 167. Adherence with the recommended treatments for those children where a treatment threshold was exceeded was low in this cohort.ConclusionThe use of ROTEM‐guided blood component replacement is an emerging practice in children for both traumatic and non‐traumatic bleeding. Targeted replacement of identified coagulation defects guided by rapid point‐of‐care testing is an emerging alternative to fixed‐ratio‐based protocols. Further research is required to validate treatment thresholds in the paediatric population and further investigate the clinical outcomes for patients as a result of early correction of trauma‐induced coagulopathy.
Daily reality of violence in a rural emergency department: Is violence becoming the new normal?
Authors: Jacob Alycia , Van Vuuren Julia , Kinsman Leigh , Spelten Evelien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesViolence in emergency healthcare is a persistent and concerning problem. The objective of the present study was to explore and understand rural nurses' views on the daily experience and impact of violence, and its perpetrators.MethodsThe present study took a descriptive exploratory approach. Two focus groups were held with nurses from an ED at a rural hospital in New South Wales, Australia.ResultsViolence occurred regularly and had a significant impact on staff. Nurses go to work expecting to search patients for weapons and be physically and verbally abused. Tolerating and being able to manage violence has become a rite of passage.ConclusionsThe present study shows that rural workers, like metropolitan workers, feel experiences of violence are a routine part of their roles. Violence in healthcare is a societal issue, that cannot be solved without a multifactor approach that considers the characteristics of the perpetrators.
Response to ALK‐TKIs in a lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring dual DCTN1‐ALK and ALK‐CLIP4 rearrangements
Authors: Gao Fangfang , Gao Fangfang , Wu Huijuan , Lu Junfeng , Xu Yaping , Zhao Yanqiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRearrangements involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene have been reported in ~5% of non–small‐cell lung cancer patients. These rearrangements are characterized by the identification of various rare fusion partners, with unknown clinical significance. Specifically, the concurrence of different ALK fusions within the same patient, as well as its impact on therapeutic response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK‐TKIs), are rarely reported. Here, we report a 46‐year‐old female who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and identified carrying concurrent DCTN1‐ALK and ALK‐CLIP4 rearrangements by next generation sequencing (NGS) (638‐gene panel). This patient showed partial response to crizotinib with a progress‐free survival of 12 months and was then administered alectinib. Our report highlighted the importance of NGS testing in identifying rare ALK rearrangements and provided a novel insight into understanding the efficacy of ALK‐TKI in this subset of patients.
Do Hedge Funds Undertake Activism in the Bond Market? Evidence from Bondholders' Responses to Delay in Financial Reporting*
Authors: Gao Yu , Smith Abbie , Wang Xue 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigate whether hedge funds (HFs) undertake activism in the corporate bond market. Although there is a growing empirical literature investigating HF activism in the equity market, we know little about the role of HF activists in the corporate bond market. The empirical setting is the active enforcement of bondholders' rights during 2003–2007, triggered by issuers' violation of a standard bond covenant requiring timely financial reporting. Using HF holding data of convertible bonds in Form 13F filings, we identify HF interventions. The patterns of HF ownership suggest that HFs actively purchased convertible bonds to increase their ownership before the issuance of default notices. Relative to other interventions, HF interventions are more likely to target companies with higher levels of cash holdings but less likely to target companies with a greater amount of private debt outstanding. Furthermore, we find that HF interventions are associated with elevated bond trading frequency before late filing notifications and issuances of default notices, as well as a wealth transfer from stockholders and non‐intervening bondholders to intervening bondholders. Taken together, the empirical evidence demonstrates that HFs take actions to force the issuance of default notices in response to delay in financial reporting, suggesting that the primary objective of HF activism in this setting is to extract short‐term profit from bond issuers.
Speculative trading preferences of retail investor birth cohorts
Authors: Lepone Grace , Westerholm Joakim , Wright Danika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of investor birth cohorts on speculative investment preferences. Using retail trading and portfolio data from Finland over two decades, we find that individuals who have experienced desirable macro‐economic and social conditions during adolescence, such as high gross domestic product (GDP) growth and low divorce rates, are more likely to invest in speculative stocks. A positive relation is found between the proportion of speculative‐prone cohorts in the stock market and returns of stocks of lottery nature. We provide new evidence on the adverse effect of speculative investments, finding that cohorts with higher speculative investment weights on their portfolios achieve lower absolute and risk‐adjusted returns. We also provide support for earlier research that identifies a positive association between recent portfolio performance and the propensity to invest in speculative stocks.
Atavistic muscles in human anatomy: Evolutionary origins and clinical implications
Authors: Wahl Lauren , Lee Rebecca , Olewnik Łukasz , Iwanaga Joe , Georgiev Georgi P. , Ravi Kumar Satish , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe evolution and variations of human anatomy are of great interest to physicians and anatomists. Variations can be categorized as vestigial, accessory or atavistic structures. Vestigial muscles are frequently encountered structures that are normally present but have become rudimentary through evolution. Muscles that disappeared during evolution sometimes arise again, although rarely; such muscles are referred to as atavistic. They arise from failure of suppression of genetic loci. Some common atavistic muscles seen clinically are the extensor digitorum brevis manus, chondroepitrochlearis and plantaris. Atavistic muscles appear more frequently in the upper limb than in any other region of the human body. One explanation for the appearance of these muscles, mainly within the upper limbs, is based on the evolution of the complex upper extremities formed in humans today. Often, the presence of atavistic muscles is asymptomatic, but they can compromise the function of normal anatomical structures and complicate clinical situations if their presence is unknown. They can cause complications if they are confused with soft tissue pathology, if they compress or displace surrounding structures, or if they require an additional blood supply during times of exercise and stress. The purpose of this paper was to describe the common atavistic muscles, their hypothesized evolutionary origins, their potential complications and possible treatments for the diagnosing clinician.
Capitalism and crises: A comparative analysis of mainstream and heterodox perceptions and related ethical considerations
Authors: Kuehnlenz Sophia , Andreoni Valeria , Meyenburg Imko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the main perceptions of capitalism and crises from a mainstream and heterodox perspective. Broadly defined within the neoclassical structure, the mainstream approaches support the idea of long‐term stability of capitalism and describe crises as exogenous events. The heterodox perceptions, on the contrary, perceive crises as an internal feature of capitalism and propose to reframe the global economy within the limits of the socio‐environmental systems. Despite the historical recurrence of crises, the neoclassic capitalist framework and the related mainstream perceptions are still dominating the international economic debate. Most of the crises have then been addressed with reforms oriented to adjust some elements of the system without changing the overall economic structure. On the contrary, limited numbers of initiatives have been implemented to reorganise the economy according to the heterodox perspectives. Within this context, further analysis would be needed to investigate the feasibility of the proposed heterodox solutions. By discussing the main perceptions of capitalism and crises and by considering the ethical implications of the mainstream and the heterodox approaches, the present paper contributes to the existing debate around stability of capitalism and provides a starting point for analysis oriented to investigate the feasibility of alternative economic structures.
Electronegative electroretinogram in the modern multimodal imaging era
Authors: Sakti Dhimas H. , Ali Haipha , Korsakova Maria , Saakova Nonna , Mustafic Nina , Fraser Clare L. , Jamieson Robyn V. , Cornish Elisa E. , Grigg John R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe electronegative electroretinogram (ERG) reflecting inner retinal dysfunction can assist as a diagnostic tool to determine the anatomical location in eye disease. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and aetiology of electronegative ERG in a tertiary ophthalmology centre and to develop a clinical algorithm to assist patient management.MethodsRetrospective review of ERGs performed at the Save Sight Institute from January 2011 to December 2020. ERGs were performed according to ISCEV standard. The b:a ratio was analysed in dark adapted (DA) 3.0 or 12.0 recordings. Patients with ratio of ≤1.0 were included.ResultsA total of 4421 patients had ERGs performed during study period, of which 139 patients (3.1%) had electronegative ERG. The electronegative ERG patients' median age at referral time was 37 (0.7–90.6) years. The causative aetiologies were photoreceptor dystrophy (48, 34.5%), Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) (33, 23.7%), retinal ischemia (18, 12.9%), retinoschisis (15, 10.8%), paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (PAIR) and nonPAIR (14, 10.1%), batten disease (4, 2.9%), and inflammatory retinopathy (4, 2.9%). There were three patients with an unclassified diagnosis. Thirty‐two patients (23%) had good vision and a normal fundus appearance. Eleven patients (7.9%) had good vision and normal results in all multimodal imaging.ConclusionsThe frequency of electronegative ERG in our referral centre was 3.1% with photoreceptor dystrophy as the main aetiology. A significant number of the cases had good vision with normal fundus or normal multimodal imaging. This further highlights the value of an ERG in this modern multimodal imaging era.
Immediate loading of a fully tapered implant with deep apical threads placed in healed alveolar ridges vs. immediate extraction sockets
Authors: Hadaya Danny , Pi‐Anfruns Joan , Bellon Benjamin , Pippenger Benjamin E. , Aghaloo Tara L 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesImmediate implant placement and loading is a practice that continues to gain traction in implant dentistry because it reduces treatment time and improves satisfaction. Novel implant designs that facilitate increased primary stability, while not compromising osseointegration and long‐term survival are important to offer immediate solutions for missing teeth. Here, we hypothesize that fully tapered implants can obtain successful osseointegration with high survival rates after immediate loading in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites.Materials and methodsA total of 13 swine with 73 implants were evaluated. Fully tapered or apically tapered implants were placed in extraction sockets and healed sites. Insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis were determined at placement and euthanasia. Animals were evaluated at: placement, and 1‐week and 12‐weeks after placement. Bone to Implant Contact (BIC), Bone Area/Total Area (BA/TA), and first BIC (fBIC) analyses were conducted.ResultsThe fully tapered implant achieved similar primary stability with lower insertion torque at placement. Apically and fully tapered implants had comparable BIC (50.1% vs 59.4%) and ISQ (82.5 vs 80.3) values by 12 weeks in healed sites. In extraction sockets, BIC and ISQ for the apically tapered implant was 35.8% and 73.2 and 37.8% and 79.2 for the fully tapered implants, respectively.ConclusionsIn this short‐term study, immediately loaded fully tapered implants obtained high survival with similar osseointegration ability as apically tapered implants when placed in healed sites and fresh extraction sockets. Fully tapered implants show promise for use in immediate loading and immediate placement.
Hsa_circ_0072309 enhances autophagy and TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma
Authors: Yuan Fanen , Zhang Si , Sun Qian , Ye Liguo , Xu Yang , Xu Zhou , Deng Gang , Zhang Shenqi , Liu Baohui , Chen Qianxue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsCircular RNAs have been reported to play key roles in the progression of various cancers, including gliomas. The present study was designed to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0072309 in autophagy and temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in glioblastoma (GBM).MethodsThe effect of hsa_circ_0072309 on autophagy and TMZ sensitivity were examined by GFP‐RFP‐LC3, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The mechanism of hsa_circ_0072309 regulating p53 signaling pathway was analyzed using Western blot, IP, and rescue experiments.ResultsLow hsa_circ_0072309 expression predicts poor prognosis for glioma patients. The regulation of hsa_circ_0072309 on autophagy and TMZ sensitivity depends on the status of p53. Hsa_circ_0072309 promoted autophagy by p53 signaling pathway and enhanced sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide (TMZ) in p53 wild‐type GBM, but not in p53 mutant GBM. Hsa_circ_0072309 inhibits p53 ubiquitination and increases the stability of p53 protein in the context of p53 wild‐type. MiR‐100 mediates hsa_circ_0072309 regulating p53. P53 inhibitor or autophagy inhibitor could reverse the effect of hsa_circ_0072309 on TMZ sensitivity in p53 wild‐type GBM.ConclusionsThis study revealed a function of hsa_circ_0072309 promoting autophagy by p53 signaling pathway and enhancing TMZ sensitivity. These findings demonstrated that hsa_circ_0072309 may be a potential and promising target in designing the treatment strategy for GBM.
Making a case for the consideration of trust, justice, and power in conservation relationships
Authors: Saif Omar , Keane Aidan , Staddon Sam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn conservation, trust and justice are increasingly recognized as both intrinsically valuable and critical for successful socioecological outcomes. However, the interdependence between these concepts has not been explored. The conservation trust literature provides examples of efforts to build trust between conservationists and local actors; yet, these interventions are often conceived to incentivize local cooperation within dominant paradigms. We argue that when trust building is promoted as a technical fix that does not plan in advance to address power asymmetries in conservation practice, inequities may inadvertently be re‐embedded. Therefore, we conceptualized a framework that joins trust, justice, and power so that critical analyses of conservation partnerships can be more effectively undertaken. We drew on environmental justice theory to better calibrate the trust literature for the historical‐political settings of conservation, especially in the Global South. Justice and trust share strong theoretical links where perceptions of justice shape a willingness to trust, and, equally, trust is a precondition for justice to be perceived. Different forms of trust connect to varied domains of justice and power in different ways, which mediates the outcomes of interventions. We applied our framework to case studies to explore how these interdependences play out in practice. Failure of agencies to attend to issues of maldistribution, misrecognition of cultural values and knowledge, and exclusion from participation strongly compromised trust. Moreover, the ways in which nature‐dependent communities and marginalized conservation workers are trusted, or the conditions under which they give trust, can lead to partnerships being perceived as just or unjust. Focusing on trust and justice can help identify power dynamics so they can be addressed more readily and create space for alternative understandings of partnerships.
Evidence of depot‐specific regulation of all‐trans‐retinoic acid biosynthesis in human adipose tissue
Authors: Rubinow Katya B. , Zhong Guo , Czuba Lindsay C. , Chen Judy Y. , Williams Estell , Parr Zoe , Khandelwal Saurabh , Kim Daniel , LaFrance Jeffrey , Isoherranen Nina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity continues to rise, underscoring the need to better understand the pathways mediating adipose tissue (AT) expansion. All‐trans‐retinoic acid (atRA), a bioactive vitamin A metabolite, regulates adipogenesis and energy metabolism, and, in rodent studies, aberrant vitamin A metabolism appears a key facet of metabolic dysregulation. The relevance of these findings to human disease is unknown, as are the specific enzymes implicated in vitamin A metabolism within human AT. We hypothesized that in human AT, family 1A aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A) enzymes contribute to atRA biosynthesis in a depot‐specific manner. To test this hypothesis, parallel samples of subcutaneous and omental AT from participants (n = 15) were collected during elective abdominal surgeries to quantify atRA biosynthesis and key atRA synthesizing enzymes. ALDH1A1 was the most abundant ALDH1A isoform in both AT depots with expression approximately twofold higher in omental than subcutaneous AT. ALDH1A2 was detected only in omental AT. Formation velocity of atRA was approximately threefold higher (p = 0.0001) in omental AT (9.8 [7.6, 11.2]) pmol/min/mg) than subcutaneous AT (3.2 [2.1, 4.0] pmol/min/mg) and correlated with ALDH1A2 expression in omental AT (β‐coefficient = 3.07, p = 0.0007) and with ALDH1A1 expression in subcutaneous AT (β‐coefficient = 0.13, p = 0.003). Despite a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and omental ALDH1A1 protein expression (Spearman r = 0.65, p = 0.01), BMI did not correlate with atRA formation. Our findings suggest that ALDH1A2 is the primary mediator of atRA formation in omental AT, whereas ALDH1A1 is the principal atRA‐synthesizing enzyme in subcutaneous AT. These data highlight AT depot as a critical variable for defining the roles of retinoids in human AT biology.
Advance care plan discussion among parents of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Khalid Farah , Ng Voon Swee Im , Ong Lai Choo , Lim Wei Kang , Li Limin , Adnan Azirah , Ganesan Vigneswari , Teh Chee Ming , Fong Choong Yi 
Published: February 2022

AimTo evaluate parental perception of advance care plan (ACP) discussions in families of Malaysian children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV or V for (1) acceptance of the ACP discussion, (2) feedback on the usefulness of ACP discussion, and (3) exploration of possible factors related to parental acceptance of ACP.MethodThis was a prospective pre‐ and post‐ACP discussion questionnaire study for parents of children with bilateral CP.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were recruited to the study; 64 (93%) had at least one additional comorbidity. The median age was 8 years (interquartile range 5 years 1 month–11 years 6 months). Fifty‐seven (82.6%) parents found the ACP discussion acceptable, and most reported positive feedback on various components of the discussion (88.4–97.1%). One‐third of participants were not comfortable discussing end‐of‐life care plans. On multivariate analysis, parents who were comfortable discussing end‐of‐life care plans were more likely to find the ACP discussion acceptable (odds ratio 27.78, 95% confidence interval 2.9–265.1, p = 0.004).InterpretationMost parents of Malaysian children with bilateral CP reported the ACP discussion as both acceptable and beneficial. Parents need to be comfortable about discussing end‐of‐life care plans for their child to enable the ACP discussion to be an acceptable experience.
Evaluation of carotid artery elastic function using ultrafast pulse wave velocity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Yihan , Zhang Jian , An Xin , Li Yuhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeUltrafast pulse wave velocity (UFPWV) is an innovative and practical technology that can assess blood vessel elastic function. This study explored the elastic function of the carotid artery using UFPWV and factors influencing pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsOverall, 120 patients with RA and 60 healthy controls were evaluated. Participants underwent UFPWV and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (cIMT) assessment. The patients were classified into a mild activity group (group A) and a moderate‐to‐severe activity group (group B). Differences in clinical indicators among the groups were determined, and the correlation between each indicator and PWV values was analyzed.ResultsThe PWV values were higher in group B than in group A and were higher in group A than in the control group (p < .05). The PWV values in the patient group positively correlated with anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibody, disease course, age, platelets (PLT) count, rheumatoid factor (RF), body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC) level, and triglycerides (TG) level and were negatively correlated with 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels (p < .05). In addition, anti‐CCP antibody, age, RF, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for arteriosclerosis, whereas Hb and 25(OH)D3 were protective factors (p < .05).ConclusionUFPWV allows early and accurate detection of changes in arterial elasticity and enables early intervention to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with RA.