bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Anticoagulant Therapy for Prevention of Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kontovazainitis Christos-Georgios , Gialamprinou Dimitra , Katsaras Georgios N. , Pouliakis Abraham , Theodoridis Theodoros , Mitsiakos Georgios 
Published: March 2022

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aims to compare the efficacy of combining low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and aspirin against aspirin alone in preventing preeclampsia (PE) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates in women at moderate and high risks.
Study Design The included studies were nonrandomized and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) enrolling women at moderate and high risks for developing preeclampsia. PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Grey literature (including ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched.
Results Out of 4,762 records, 7 nonrandomized studies and 12 RCTs (enrolling 545 and 1,677 women, respectively) were selected. Although the studies were clinically heterogeneous, the conduction of quantitative analysis was feasible. Regarding RCTs, the odds of early-onset preeclampsia was reduced by 89% (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.93, p = 0.04) in women with thrombophilia, the incidence of SGA neonates below the 5th percentile by 48% (pooled OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28–0.96, p = 0.04) in women with a history of preeclampsia and/or SGA neonates, and the incidence of SGA neonates below the 10th percentile by 31% (pooled OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.96, p = 0.03) in the whole population.
Conclusion Concerning the whole studied population, combined anticoagulant therapy is not superior to aspirin alone. However, it may be more effective in preventing early-onset preeclampsia regarding women with thrombophilia, SGA neonates below the 5th percentile regarding women with a history of preeclampsia and/or SGA, and SGA neonates below the 10th percentile in moderate- or high-risk women. The above mixed but promising results need to be envisaged with caution due to the clinical heterogeneity of the included studies which is the main limitation of our research. Nevertheless, the strict and narrow inclusion search criteria, and the appropriate subgroup analysis are its main strengths. More RCTs with homogeneous populations and stricter inclusion criteria are needed to confirm these results.
Key Points
Discontinuation of Oxytocin in the Second Stage of Labor and its Association with Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: MacGregor Caitlin , Plunkett Beth , Adams Marci , Silver Richard 
Published: March 2022

Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate whether patients with oxytocin discontinued during the second stage of labor (≥30 minutes prior to delivery) had a lower rate of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) compared with those with oxytocin continued until delivery or discontinued <30 minutes prior to delivery.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study was performed from August 1, 2014 to July 31, 2019. Singleton pregnancies of 24 to 42 weeks gestation were included if they reached the second stage of labor and received oxytocin during labor. Patients on anticoagulants were excluded. Patients with oxytocin discontinued ≥30 minutes prior to delivery represented STOPPED and those with oxytocin continued until delivery or discontinued <30 minutes prior to delivery represented CONTINUED. Patient data were abstracted from the electronic medical record. The primary outcome was PPH (≥1,000 mL blood loss). Univariable analyses were performed to compare groups. Multi-variable logistic regression was performed to adjust for prespecified confounders. Planned sub-group analyses by the route of delivery were performed.
Results Of 10,421 total patients, 1,288 had oxytocin STOPPED and 9,133 had oxytocin CONTINUED. There were no significant differences in age, race, or ethnicity, body mass index, public insurance, gestational diabetes, or pregnancy-induced hypertension between STOPPED and CONTINUED. The PPH rate was 15.2 and 5.7% in STOPPED and CONTINUED, respectively (p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, STOPPED remained at higher odds for PPH (adjusted odds ratio 2.859, 95% confidence interval 2.394, 3.414, p < 0.001). Among cesarean deliveries only, there was no significant difference in the rate of PPH between STOPPED and CONTINUED (38.0 vs. 36.4%, respectively, p = 0.730). However, among vaginal deliveries, the rate of PPH was actually lower in STOPPED than CONTINUED (3.4 vs. 5.2%, respectively, p = 0.024).
Conclusion The rate of PPH was higher in patients with oxytocin STOPPED compared with CONTINUED. However, among vaginal deliveries, there was a significantly lower rate of PPH in STOPPED. These disparate findings may be explained by the variable impact of second-stage oxytocin on PPH as a function of delivery type.
Key Points
Surgical Treatment Compared to Conservative Treatment in Remission of Pain and Hyposthesia in Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome – Systematic Review
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo José da Silva de , Ribeiro Iara Cristina Vieira , Cardoso Márcio de Mendonça , Gepp Ricardo de Amoreira 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatments compared to conservative treatments in reducing the symptoms of the syndrome.
Methods The PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases were used for this review.
Results Only 11 articles were selected.
Conclusion The most common causes of TTS identified were presence of ganglia, bone prominence causing a talocalcaneal collision, trauma, varicose and idiopathic veins. The main symptom was pain in the medial plantar region and paresthesia that can radiate to the fingers or to the calf. Most patients have a positive Tinel sign upon physical examination. Electrodiagnostic test usually shows the presence of latency in sensory nerve conduction. There is no consensus suggesting that a longer time between diagnosis and surgical treatment leads to worse prognosis. In the group of operated patients, the ones who benefited most from the procedure were those who had a structure such as ganglion, cysts, or varicosities causing compression. The most cited surgical complications were postsurgical wound infection, wound dehiscence, and calcaneus hypoesthesia. Regarding surgical techniques, the release of the posterior tibial nerve via endoscopy had a favorable outcome in relation to the symptoms of pain and hypoesthesia, with no reports of infection of the operative site in the articles identified in this review. We observed a rate of good or excellent pain control of 68% (n = 204) for open surgery (n = 299), 100% (n = 8) for endoscopic surgery (n = 8), and 7% (n = 2) for conservative treatment (n = 28).
Association of Admission Time and Mortality in STEMI Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dharma Surya , Kamarullah William , Sabrina Adelia Putri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who were admitted during off-hours and treated with primary angioplasty associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with those admitted during regular working hours. We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, SCOPUS, Europe PMC, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases that was finalized on March 15, 2021. The primary outcome was mortality comprising early (in-hospital), midterm (30 days to 1 year), and long-term mortality (>1 year). A total of 384,452 patients from 56 studies were included. The overall mortality of acute STEMI patients admitted during off-hours and regular hours were 6.1 and 6.7%, respectively. Patients admitted during off-hours had similar risk of early, midterm, and long-term mortality compared to those admitted during regular working hours ([relative risk or RR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval or CI, 1.00–1.14, p = 0.06; I 2 = 45%, p = 0.0009], [RR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.95–1.05, p = 0.92; I 2 = 13%, p = 0.26], and [RR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.86–1.04, p = 0.26; I 2 = 0%, p = 0.76], respectively). Subgroup analyses indicated that the results were consistent across all subgroups ([women vs. men], [age >65 years vs. ≤65 years], and [Killip classification II to IV vs. Killip I]). Funnel plot was asymmetrical. However, Egger's test suggests no significance of small-study effects (p = 0.19). This meta-analysis showed that patients with acute STEMI who were admitted during off-hours and treated with primary angioplasty had similar risk of early, midterm, and long-term mortality compared with those admitted during regular working hours.
Psychopathological Aspects in Children with Epilepsy and Its Contributing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study from India
Authors: Azad Chandrika , Guglani Vishal , Siddiqui Anam , Singh Sukhvinder 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background Children with epilepsy (CWE) are at high risk of psychopathological problems because of neurobiological, social, and treatment factors.

Objectives This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of psychopathological problems in CWE and their contributing factors.

Methods This cross-sectional study was done in pediatric neurology clinic and outpatient department of a government medical college in Northern India. Children between the ages of 4 and 14 years with intelligence quotient > 70 were enrolled; for CWE, the criteria were antiepileptic drugs therapy for more than 6 months and for controls it was being free from any chronic illness. Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule (CPMS) was used for assessing psychopathological problems.

Results A total of 135 CWE and 70 controls were enrolled, groups were similar in respect of age, gender, socioeconomic status, and family history. CWE group had significantly high mean ± standard deviation CPMS scores (13.68 ± 10.57) as compared with controls (9.75 ± 7.97) (p < 0.0001). These scores were particularly high in sectors of low intelligence, conduct disorder, psychotic symptoms, and depression. Academic performance was significantly poor in CWE (39%) versus controls (6%) (p 0.042). Age of onset, duration, type, and etiology of epilepsy had no significant relation with CPMS scores. Polytherapy and treatment with valproate were associated with high CPMS scores (p 0.005 and 0.045).

Conclusion Psychopathological problems are frequently associated with epilepsy in children and antiepileptic drug therapy might contribute to it.
Hearing Sensitivity in Adults Screened for Selected Risk Factors
Authors: Wiley Terry L. , Torre Peter , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Nondahl David M. , Tweed Ted S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a means of partially distinguishing age effects and other risk factors in presbyacusis, hearing thresholds for 56– to 65–year-old participants screened for exclusion of selected risk factors were compared with thresholds for 48– to 55–year-old participants without the same risk factors. Hearing thresholds for both age groups were also compared with age-appropriate International Standards Organization (ISO) norms. Even after screening participants for exclusion of selected risk factors, differences in hearing sensitivity remained across age groups. Across the male and female groups, thresholds were generally better (lower) for 48 to 55 year olds than for 56 to 65 year olds. ISO norms generally underestimated the degree of hearing loss for participants of comparable age in the present study. The underestimation was small at lower test frequencies, was generally greater for men, and was largest at test frequencies above 2000 Hz.
Abbreviations: ANSI = American National Standards Institute, EHLS = Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study, ISO = International Standards Organization
Evaluation of a Cognitive Test Battery in Young and Elderly Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Persons
Authors: Hällgren Mathias , Larsby Birgitta , Lyxell Björn , Arlinger Stig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA cognitive test battery sensitive to processes important for speech understanding was developed and investigated. Test stimuli are presented as text or in an auditory or audiovisual modality. The tests investigate phonologic processing and verbal information processing. Four subject groups, young/elderly with normal-hearing and young/elderly with hearing impairment, each including 12 subjects, participated in the study. The only significant effect in the text modality was an age effect in the speed of performance, seen also in the auditory and audiovisual modalities. In the auditory and audiovisual modalities, the effects of hearing status and modality were seen in accuracy parameters. Interactions between hearing status and modality, both in accuracy and in reaction times, show that hearing-impaired subjects have difficulties without visual cues. Performing the test battery in noise made the tasks more difficult, especially in the auditory modality and for the elderly, affecting both accuracy and speed. Test-retest measurements showed learning effects and a modality-dependent variability. The test battery has proven useful in assessing the relative contribution of different input signals and the effects of age, hearing impairment, and visual contribution on functions important for speech processing.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, PTA = pure-tone average, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, SVIPS = speech and visual information processing system, TIPS = text information processing system
Effects of Speech Babble on Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal-Hearing Adults
Authors: Smith Sally , Kei Joseph , McPherson Bradley , Smyth Veronica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe results of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) have been found to be adversely affected by noise. However, there are few investigations into the specific effect of background noise on TEOAEs. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of speech babble and the recording method on TEOAEs using the ILO88 Otodynamics instrumentation. Subjects were 30 normal-hearing adults (15 males and 15 females), aged between 18 and 32 years. TEOAE recordings were obtained from both ears of each subject under five different levels of speech babble delivered via a loudspeaker in sound field using both the default and Quickscreen methods of data collection. The results indicated that both the whole-wave reproducibility (WWR) and mean signal-to-noise ratio (MSNR), averaged across frequencies from about 2 to 4 kHz, decreased with increasing speech babble levels. The results also showed that the Quickscreen mode was less susceptible to noise than the default mode. The pass percentage, using either WWR >50 percent or an MSNR >3 dB as a pass criterion, also decreased with increasing speech babble levels. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the use of the WWR pass criterion resulted in a high failure rate under high levels of speech babble. In contrast, the MSNR pass criterion was robust to speech babble levels of up to 70 dBA in the Quickscreen mode and 65 dBA in the default setting. The clinical implications of these findings, as applied to non-sound-treated environments, are discussed.
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, MSNR = mean signal-to-noise ratio, NRL = noise rejection level, OAE = otoacoustic emission, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, TEOAE = transient evoked otoacoustic emission, WWR = whole-wave reproducibility
Partial replacement of sugarcane with cactus (Opuntia stricta) cladodes improves milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Sánchez B. M. S. , Véras A. S. C. , Freitas E. V. , Farias L. R. , Albuquerque J. G. S. S. , Almeida G. A. P. , Mora-Luna R. E. , Monteiro C. C. F. , Gama M. A. S. , Ferreira M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Context Sugarcane is widely used as a forage source for dairy production in tropical areas worldwide. However, due to its low fibre degradability, large amounts of concentrates are needed to meet the energy requirements of high-producing cows, increasing production costs. Aims To evaluate how partially replacing sugarcane with cactus (Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw) cladodes affects nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behaviour, protein efficiency, milk yield, and milk composition of Holstein dairy cows. Methods Ten lactating Holstein cows producing 22.04 kg/day (s.d. ± 1.94) were assigned to one of five diets in a duplicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were a control diet of sorghum silage and concentrates and four dietary treatments containing different proportions of cactus cladodes as a substitute for sugarcane (replacement levels of 0%, 17%, 34%, 52% on a DM basis). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, and the roughage:concentrate ratio was 64:36 on a DM basis. Key results Milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield increased quadratically with an increasing amount of cactus cladodes in the diet. Maximum yields of 23.7 kg milk/day and 26.1 kg energy-corrected milk/day were achieved when 34.6% and 37.6% of sugarcane was replaced with cactus cladodes respectively. Milk protein and solids contents increased linearly, and there was no impact on fat and lactose content. Feed intake changed in a quadratic manner in response to an increased cactus cladode content, with maximum intakes being observed when cactus cladodes replaced 30% of sugarcane in the diet. Nutrient digestibility was unaffected by dietary treatments. Time spent on feeding was reduced and idling time was increased as the concentration of cactus cladodes increased in the diet. Conclusion Partial replacement of sugarcane with cactus cladodes can increase dairy cows’ milk yield without causing any detrimental effects on milk composition or other production-related variables. Implications Cactus cladodes can be an important forage source for dairy cows and other ruminants in the semiarid region of Brazil and other drylands across the globe.
The relationship among intra‐group communication, transactive memory systems, collective efficacy and team performance: A structural equation model analysis with Elite Footballers
Authors: Leo Francisco M. , Filho Edson , López‐Gajardo Miguel A. , García‐Calvo Tomás , González‐Ponce Inmaculada 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe explored the relationship among intra‐group communication, collective efficacy, transactive memory systems and team performance. One hundred and seventy soccer players, aged between 14 and 38 years (M = 18.35, SD = 4.71), from eight national teams participated in this study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. First, our analysis revealed that intra‐group communication was positively related to transactive memory systems. Second, transactive memory systems was positively associated with collective efficacy and team performance. Third, our analysis revealed that collective efficacy mediated the relationship between transactive memory systems and performance. Altogether, our findings advance the literature by highlighting the relationship among intra‐group communication, collective efficacy, transactive memory systems and team performance team processes. From an applied perspective, our findings suggest that systemic interventions simultaneously targeting various team constructs are important to enhance team functioning.Highlights
The relationship among intra‐group communication, collective efficacy, transactive memory systems and team performance were examined in national football teams.
A cross‐sectional design was developed and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Playerś perceptions of high intra‐group communication were positively associated with the development of transactive memory systems.
Higher levels of transactive memory systems and collective efficacy were associated with better team performance.
Effects of caffeine chewing gum supplementation on exercise performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barreto G. , Loureiro L. M. R. , Reis C. E. G. , Saunders B. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe aim of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was to determine the effect of caffeine gum (Caff‐gum) on exercise performance‐related outcomes. Several databases were searched for studies assessing the effect of Caff‐gum in placebo‐controlled protocols involving healthy adults. Random‐effects meta‐analyses using standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed to determine the effect of Caff‐gum on exercise outcomes with several sub‐analyses (training status, exercise type, timing and dose) for potential modifying factors. 14 studies were included, totalling 200 participants. There was a significant overall effect of Caff‐gum compared to placebo (SMD = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.10–0.32; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed improved performance for trained (SMD = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.08–0.37; p = 0.004), but not for untrained (SMD = 0.14, 95%CI: −0.02–0.29; p = 0.07) individuals. Caff‐gum improved both endurance (SMD = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.12–0.42; p = 0.002) and strength/power (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.03–0.37; p = 0.03) performance outcomes. Caff‐gum was ergogenic when consumed within 15 min prior to initiating exercise (SMD = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.07–0.4; p = 0.01), but not when provided >15 min prior (SMD = −0.48, 95%CI = −1.7–0.82; p = 0.25). There was no significant effect of Caff‐gum with doses <3 mg/kg body mass (BM) (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI: −0.03–0.43; p = 0.07), but there was a significant effect when the dose was ≥3 mg/kg BM (SMD = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.07–0.37; p = 0.01). Caff‐gum supplementation may be an effective ergogenic strategy for trained athletes involved in both endurance and strength/power exercise, using a recommended dose of ≥3 mg/kg BM consumed within 15 min of initiating exercise.Highlights
This study determined the effect of Caff‐gum on exercise performance, using a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Fourteen studies, totalling 200 participants performing a variety of endurance and strength/power exercise tests were included. The relative Caff‐gum dose ranged from 1.27‐4.26 mg/kg BM and timing ranged from 120 min prior to exercise up to intra‐test application.
Caff‐gum was shown to be an effective ergogenic aid for trained individuals involved in both endurance and strength/power exercise.
Supplement dose and timing modified the efficacy of Caff‐gum. Supplementation with Caff‐gum was effective when provided in doses ≥3 mg/kg BM and within 15 min prior to initiating exercise.
Trained endurance or strength/power athletes seeking to benefit from caffeine in the form of chewing gum should supplement within 15 min prior to initiating an exercise task, in doses ≥3 mg/kg BM.
How long does it take to implement a projective measurement?
Authors: Strasberg Philipp , Modi Kavan , Skotiniotis Michalis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
According to the Schrödinger equation, a closed quantum system evolves continuously in time. If it is subject to a measurement however, its state changes randomly and discontinuously, which is mathematically described by the projection postulate. But how long does it take for this discontinuous change to occur? Based on simple estimates, whose validity rests solely on the fact that all fundamental forces in nature are finite-ranged, we show that the implementation of a quantum measurement requires a minimum time. This time scales proportionally with the diameter of the quantum mechanical object, on which the measured observable acts non-trivially, with the proportionality constant being around 10−5 s m−1. We confirm our bound by comparison with experimentally reported measurement times for different platforms. We give a pedagogical exposition of our argumentation introducing along the way modern concepts such as ancilla-based measurements, the quantum speed limit, and Lieb–Robinson velocity bounds.