bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediation analysis of metabolic and inflammatory factors on the association between sleep apnoea and coronary heart disease in the large population–based cohort
Authors: Lin Jing , Yang Rongrong , Li Shu , Zhang Yuan , Yang Hongxi , Liu Tong , Wang Yaogang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous research has linked a history of sleep apnoea with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study is aimed to assess the association between sleep apnoea and CHD and to explore the extent to which this association is mediated by metabolic factors and C–reactive protein (CRP).
Methods
In this large population–based cohort study based on the UK Biobank, 213,442 CHD–free (mean age: 55.00) adults were followed up for 15 years to detect incident CHD. Sleep apnoea and CHD were ascertained from self–report and hospital records. Metabolic factors were included hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia. Higher CRP concentration level was defined as a cut–off point of > 3.0 mg/L. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models and generalized structural equation model (GSEM).
Results
During follow–up (median: 11.74 years, interquartile range: 10.97 to 12.48 years), 9,278 participants developed incident CHD (4.3%). The multi–adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CHD related to sleep apnoea was 1.76 (1.44–2.15). In the mediation analysis, the strongest indirect association was for dyslipidemia, accounting for 20.8% of the association between sleep apnoea and CHD (β = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.16–0.28), followed by hypertriglyceridemia (12.3%) and hyperglycemia mediated (8.5%). The proportion of mediation increased to 29.1% when CRP was added to the metabolic mediators.
Conclusions
Sleep apnoea was associated with an increased risk of CHD. 20.8% and 12.3% of the association of sleep apnoea with CHD may be accounted respectively for by dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia. CRP increased the magnitude of every metabolic factors–mediated association to 29.1%.
Spatial Patterns, Causes and Characteristics of the Cultural Landscape of the Tang Poetry Road Based on Text Mining——Take the Tang Poetry Road in Eastern Zhejiang as an example
Authors: Xi Xuesong , An Xingrun , Zhang Guangming , Liang Shifan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Tang Poetry Road in eastern Zhejiang is a poetic cultural route linked to Tang poetry, the pinnacle of ancient Chinese poetry history, and a historical and cultural landscape where nature and humanity are fused under the narrative of Tang poetry. The study extracted and collated the textual information of 1593 poems written by 451 Tang poets in the eastern part of Zhejiang, and spatially located the trails, places and scenes in ArcGIS to identify the main and branch lines of the Tang Poetry Road in eastern Zhejiang. The spatial distribution pattern of the cultural landscape of the Tang Poetry Road is analyzed and summarized at four levels: natural landscape, Buddhism and Taoism culture, celebrity culture and folk culture; the complex spatio-temporal networks between "poet-person", "poet-places" and "poet-landscape" are revealed through the Gephi tool; the four causes and three characteristics of the Tang Poetry Road in eastern Zhejiang are explained from the perspective of mathematical statistical logic.
Nomogram model predicts the risk of visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yuancheng , Yu Rentao , Sun Chao , Fan Wei , Zou Huan , Chen Xiaofan , Huang Yanming , Yuan Rongdi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: To develop models for predicting the risk of visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy (DR) by nomogram.Methods: Patients with DR who had both optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were gathered retrospectively. FFA conducted DR staging, whereas swept-source optical coherence tomography（SS-OCT）of the macula and 3*3mm blood flow imaging by OCTA to observe retinal structure and blood flow parameters. To widen the scope of application, two LogMAR visual acuity（VA）cut-off values of 0.5 and 0.3 were utilized to generate two VA grading results. The characteristics correlated with VA were screened using linear correlation and binary logistic regression; the selected factors were then used to build nomogram visual impairment risk prediction models by multivariate binary stepwise regression; finally, the models were validated using area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration plots, decision curve analysis（DCA）, and clinical impact curves（CIC）.Results：A total of 25 parameters are included in the analysis and 7 characteristics are used to develop nomogram models. Finally, diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) grading, Disorganization of the Retinal Inner Layers (DRIL), Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Ellipsoid Zone (RPE/EZ) disruption, and non-perfusion area (NPA) areas in (LogMAR VA≥0.5) Model1 and DMI, DRIL, EZ/RPE disruption, superior paracentral vessel density (spVD) and DR staging in (LogMAR VA≥0.3) Model2 are statistically significant(P<0.05). Both models are validated by ROC (AUC1=0.921, AUC2=0.874) and calibration curves (C-index1=0.921, C-index2=0.862) to have good accuracy, the DCA shows risk threshold probabilities in the (Model1: 3%-84%; Model2: 13%-96%) interval models can be used to guide clinical practice, and the proportion of people at risk at each threshold probability illustrated by CIC.Conclusion：The nomogram prediction model for integrating risk factors for visual impairment in DR patients demonstrated good accuracy and utility, which can guide clinical practice. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200059835. Registered 12 May 2022,https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=169290&htm=4
Simultaneous analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells density, tumor budding status, and presence of lymphoid follicles in CRC tissue.
Authors: Markowski Adam , Markowska Anna Justyna , Ustymowicz Wiktoria , Pryczynicz Anna , Guzińska-Ustymowicz Katarzyna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects more than 1,000,000 people worldwide each year. Recently, the number of young patients with early-onset colorectal cancer has increased, and right-sided colorectal cancer is still often diagnosed only in advanced stages. The TNM classification is not perfect for CRC staging. This study aimed to perform, for the first time, simultaneous analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cell density, presence of lymphoid follicles, and budding status in CRC tissue. Methods. Intraoperative samples of neoplastic tissue were collected from 195 consecutive patients who were admitted to the surgical ward for elective colorectal surgery.Results. Tumor budding parameters were positively correlated with colorectal cancer advancement, and histologic (mucinous) type of CRC. The number of tumor budding foci was lower in CRC localized in the rectum, and the number of poorly differentiated clusters was higher in younger patients. In the invasive front, a lower number of CD8 lymphocytes was found in CRC with confirmed distant metastases, and lower densities of CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes were seen in deeply invasive CRCs. The density of CD3 lymphocytes was higher in men and older patients. The number of lymphoid follicles was higher in patients with less advanced cancers. Conclusion. Three histopathology markers, such as high tumor budding, scanty lymphocyte infiltration, and the poverty of lymphoid follicles, complement each other, appear to be reliable indicators of colorectal cancer progression, and could be useful in everyday medical practice, but their widespread use requires further research. We propose to take into account these markers, in the assessment of colorectal cancer advancement, in addition to the TNM classification.
Increasing cellular fitness and product yields in Pseudomonas putida through an engineered phosphoketolase shunt
Authors: Bruinsma Lyon , Martin-Pascual Maria , Kurnia Kesi , Tack Marieken , Hendriks Simon , Kranenburg Richard , Santos Vitor A.P. Martins dos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Pseudomonas putida as a cell factory is increasingly being used due to its remarkable features such as fast growth, versatile and robust metabolism, extensive genetic toolbox and high tolerance to oxidative stress and toxic compounds. This interest is driven by the need to improve microbial performance to a level that enables biologically possible processes to become economically feasible and thereby foster the transition from an oil-based economy to a more sustainable bio-based one. To this end, one of the current strategies is to maximize the product-substrate yield of an aerobic biocatalyst such as P. putida during growth on glycolytic carbon sources, such as glycerol and xylose. We demonstrate that this can be achieved by implementing the phosphoketolase shunt, through which pyruvate decarboxylation is prevented, and thus carbon loss is minimized. ResultsIn this study, we introduced the phosphoketolase shunt in the metabolism of P. putida KT2440. To maximize the effect of this pathway, we first tested and selected a phosphoketolase (Xfpk) enzyme with high activity in P. putida. Results of the enzymatic assays revealed that the most efficient Xfpk was the one isolated from Bifidobacterium breve. Using this enzyme, we improved the P. putida growth rate on glycerol and xylose by 44 and 167 %, respectively, as well as the biomass yield quantified by OD600nm by 50 and 30 %, respectively. Finally, we achieved 38.5 % and 25.9 % more mevalonate-glycerol and flaviolin-glycerol yield, respectively. A similar effect was observed on the mevalonate-xylose and flaviolin-xylose yields, which increased 48.7 and 49.4 %, respectively. ConclusionsP. putida with the Xfpk shunt grew faster, reached higher final OD600nm and provided better product-substrate yields. By reducing the pyruvate decarboxylation flux, we significantly improved the performance of this important workhorse for industrial applications. This work encompasses the first steps towards full implementation of the non-oxidative glycolysis (NOG) or the glycolysis alternative high carbon yield cycle (GATCHYC), in which a substrate is converted into products without CO2 loss These enhanced properties of P. putida will be crucial for its subsequent use in a range of industrial processes.
Demography of a nearshore gadid (Eleginus nawaga) from the Barents Sea coast during the last glacial period
Authors: Gharrett A. J. , Chernova Natalia V. , Smé Noël A. , Lyon Sarah , Barry Patrick D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent glaciations in northwestern Russia completely covered the Barents Sea during four glacial advances. At the peaks of those glacial advances, there were no nearshore macrofauna. Consequently, colonization by species that now inhabit present-day nearshore waters must have occurred since the habitat became available and hospitable, less than 15 ka. We analyzed microsatellite data from Eleginus nawaga (Gadiformes: Gadidae) collected from Khaipudyrskaya Bay in the southeastern Barents Sea with coalescent-based models to estimate the times and effective population sizes that existed before and after major historical demographic changes. Colonization of E. nawaga, which could only follow establishment of a lower trophic-level food web, provides an indicator of the for that timing. The results of the analyses were consistent with two major demographic events. After an initial founding event from a small number of individuals before ~ 140 ka, the population grew to an effective size of about 2700 individuals. Subsequently, probably as the ice receded after the Last Glacial Maximum, it plateaued at ~ 26,000 about 3000 years ago. Colonization likely came from eastern populations following the Saalian Period, after which there was little nearshore ice to the East of the Kara Sea.
Assessing fire impacts on the Pantanal wetland using Sentinel-2 imagery
Authors: Jankauskaite Greta , Delegido Jesús 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background

Fire is an increasingly common disturbance factor, which often results in severe damage to ecosystems and causes long-term post-fire effects. In 2020, the Pantanal wetland experienced the most catastrophic fire season over the last two decades, which led to devastating environmental impacts. Based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery spanning a period from June to November 2020, we used the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) to measure the scope of 2020 fires in the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park. Additionally to burnt area estimations, we aimed to evaluate fire-induced changes in vegetation health and its post-fire recovery using Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Chlorophyll Content (Cab), Canopy Water Content (CWC), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) and Fraction of Vegetation Cover (fCOVER) biophysical variables, as well as changes in lagoon water quality using Total Suspended Matter (TSM), Chlorophyll (Chl) and Kd_z90max (i.e., the depth of the water column from which 90% of the water-leaving irradiance is derived) products offered by Sentinel-2. Moreover, we conducted a vegetation and water quality recovery analysis using imagery from five months post-fire.

Results

Our findings suggest that approximately 73% of the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park was affected by the 2020 wildfires and experienced burns of varying severity. An estimated 59% of the total burnt area experienced high severity burns, 27.1% moderate and only 13.9% were classified as low severity. By the end of fires in November 2020, all vegetation biophysical variables indicated a substantial reduction in vegetation health across the study area. Water quality in the four studied lagoons was reduced since total suspended matter (TSM) and water transparency (Kd_z90max) decreased. Five months post-fire, vegetation as well as water quality recovered to pre-fire state, suggesting great resilience of the ecosystem.

Conclusions

The findings of our study contribute to the scarce research into the impacts of 2020 fires on the Pantanal wetland and provide a practical remote sensing methodology that could be applied to study fire impacts on other areas of poor access worldwide.
An Approach to Detect Parkinson’s Disease Employing Pre-trained Deep Neural Network on Hypokinetic Dysarthria Symptoms
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Samiappan , Kuresan Harisudha , Jeevan Arathy , Gupta Sukirti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term central nervous system disease that causes damage in nerve cells and consequently affects mobility due to the lack of dopamine in the brain. PD is similarly effective in so-called dysarthria and comprises different pitches, lengthy pauses, monotonous and slow or slurred speech. The datasets containing several vocal features, gait features, and handwriting features of PD patients were analyzed in the proposed investigation and healthy control groups. This data package is taken as an input to study specific Machine Learning Algorithms and neural networks, such as ANN and LSTM, Random Forest Classifier, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The second phase was followed by voice input from PD and healthy patients. The input is converted to Mel spectrograms, and various Transfer Learning models, such as Inceptionv3, ResNet50, and MobileNetv2, are examined. Inception-V3 gives 96.88 % accuracy compared with all other variants.
Common Ictal and Interictal Perfusion Patterns: A Window into the Epileptogenic Network and SUDEP Mechanism in Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Chacón Lilia M. Morales , García Lidice Galan , García-Ramón Karla Batista , Báez Martin Margarita Minou , Bosch-Bayard Jorge , Alfonso Maydelis Alfonso , Batista Sheyla Berrillo , Bermudez Tania de la Paz , González Judith González , Coroneaux Abel Sánchez , Ruiz Ángel Águila , Roque Marlene Perera , Matamoro Leysi Murada 
Published: June 2022

Background:Focal epilepsies have been described as network disease. Noninvasive investigative techniques have been used to characterize epileptogenic networks.Objetive:To describe ictal and interictal cortical and subcortical perfusion patterns using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).Methods:Thirty-five interictal- ictal SPECT scans were obtained from 15 patients with DRE. A methodology was developed to get a relative perfusion index (PI) of 74 cortical and sub-cortical brain structures. K-means algorithm together with a modified v-fold cross-validation were used to identify the two regions of interest (ROI's) that represent hypoperfused and hyperperfused areas.Results:In common with the individual analysis, the statistical analysis evidenced that the hyperperfusion ROIs resulting from group analysis during interictal, and ictal involved mainly the cingulate gyrus, cuneus, the lingual gyrus, gyrus rectus as well as the putamen. ROIs hypoperfused included the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the medulla. The medians of the group analysis of the hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion ROIs were 0.601-0.565 and 1,133 - 1,119 for the ictal and interictal states, correspondingly. A group of mostly cortical structures involved in the hyperperfused ROIs in both interictal and ictal states showed no change or negative change in the transition from interictal to ictal state (mean change of -0.002). On the other hand, the brain stem, basal ganglia, red nucleus, and thalamus revealed a mean global change of 0.19, indicating a mild increase in the PI. However, some of these structures (red nucleus, substantia nigra, and medulla oblongata) remained hypoperfused during the interictal to ictal transition.Conclusion:The methodology employed made it possible to identify common cortical and subcortical perfusion patterns not directly linked to epileptogenicity, but open a window for the epileptogenic network and sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) mechanism in DRE .
Temozolomide: An Overview of Biological Properties, Drug Delivery Nanosystems,
and Analytical Methods
Authors: Dutra Jessyca Aparecida Paes , Luiz Marcela Tavares , Tavares Junior Alberto Gomes , Di Filippo Leonardo Delello , Carvalho Suzana Gonçalves , Chorilli Marlus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an imidazotetrazine prodrug used to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Its physicochemical prop-erties and small size confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The antitumor activity depends on pH-dependent hydrolysis of the methyldiazonium cation, which is capable of methylating purine bases (O6-guanine; N7-guanine, and N3-adenine) and causing DNA damage and cell death. TMZ is more stable in acidic media (pH ≤ 5.0) than in basic media (pH ≥ 7.0) due to the protonated form that minimizes the catalytic process. Because of this, TMZ has high oral bioavailability, but it has a half-life of 1.8 h and low brain distribution (17.8%), requiring a repeated dos-ing regimen that limits its efficacy and increases adverse events. Drug delivery Nanosystems (DDNs) improve the phys-icochemical properties of TMZ and may provide controlled and targeted delivery. Therefore, DDNs can increase the efficacy and safety of TMZ. In this context, to ensure the efficiency of DDNs, analytical methods are used to evaluate TMZ pharmacokinetic parameters, encapsulation efficiency, and the release profile of DDNs. Among the methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most used due to its detection sensitivity in complex matrices such as tissues and plasma. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography features fast analysis and no sample pretreatment. Spec-trophotometric methods are still used to determine encapsulation efficiency due to their low cost, despite their low sen-sitivity. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of free TMZ and TMZ-loaded DDNs. In addition, this review addresses the main analytical methods employed to characterize TMZ in different ma-trices.
Remote Delivery of Yoga Interventions Through Technology: Scoping Review
Authors: James-Palmer Aurora , Anderson Ellen Zambo , Daneault Jean-Francois 
Published: June 2022

Background
The popularity of yoga and the understanding of its potential health benefits have recently increased. Unfortunately, not everyone can easily engage in in-person yoga classes. Over the past decade, the use of remotely delivered yoga has increased in real-world applications. However, the state of the related scientific literature is unclear.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to identify gaps in the literature related to the remote delivery of yoga interventions, including gaps related to the populations studied, the yoga intervention characteristics (delivery methods and intervention components implemented), the safety and feasibility of the interventions, and the preliminary efficacy of the interventions.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Scientific databases were searched throughout April 2021 for experimental studies involving yoga delivered through technology. Eligibility was assessed through abstract and title screening and a subsequent full-article review. The included articles were appraised for quality, and data were extracted from each article.

Results
A total of 12 studies of weak to moderate quality were included. Populations varied in physical and mental health status. Of the 12 studies, 10 (83%) implemented asynchronous delivery methods (via prerecorded material), 1 (8%) implemented synchronous delivery methods (through videoconferencing), and 1 (8%) did not clearly describe the delivery method. Yoga interventions were heterogeneous in style and prescribed dose but primarily included yoga intervention components of postures, breathing, and relaxation and meditation. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the included studies, conclusive findings regarding the preliminary efficacy of the interventions could not be ascertained.

Conclusions
Several gaps in the literature were identified. Overall, this review showed that more attention needs to be paid to yoga intervention delivery methods while designing studies and developing interventions. Decisions regarding delivery methods should be justified and not made arbitrarily. Studies of high methodological rigor and robust reporting are needed.