bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease Among Chinese High School Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Lin Feng , Cai Yuying , Fei Xinfeng , Wang Yimin , Zhou Minwen , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and relevant risk factors among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020, and 4825 high school students from nine high schools in Shanghai were recruited. All students completed ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaires and answered other questions designed to ascertain information on the risk factors related to DED. DED was diagnosed when OSDI scores were greater than or equal to 13. The prevalence of symptomatic DED was determined. A T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the possible risk factors.Results:The prevalence of symptomatic DED among Chinese high school students was 70.5%. In univariate analysis, higher PSS scores (P<0.001), prolonged video display terminal (VDT) use (P<0.001), wearing contact lenses (P=0.001), poor sleep quality (P<0.001), and being female (P<0.001) were significantly correlated with dry eyes. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher PSS scores (P<0.001, OR=1.20), prolonged VDT use (P<0.001, OR=1.07), poor sleep quality (P<0.001, OR=1.84), and being female (P=0.001, OR=1.25) were significant risk factors associated with DED.Conclusions:Due to the epidemic, most Chinese high school students are in a high-risk environment in which they are more likely to suffer from DED, such as long online courses and heavy stress from school. Relevant preventive measures that may have a positive impact on public health and quality of life for high school students should be brought to the forefront.
Facile low power preparation and Hyperthermia studies of Maghemite nanoparticles synthesized by Sonochemical method
Authors: P Sumangala T , M Janeesh George , V Meera , Sahu Niroj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using inexpensive and nontoxic metal salt (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) as a reactant, γ-Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite) nanoparticles with crystallite size around 80 nm have been synthesized in an aqueous medium by low power, low temperature and simple sonochemical method. XRD, Rietveld refinement and Williamson-Hall method was employed for understanding the structure of the synthesized sample. FTIR spectra were recorded for studying the presence of organics. MT measurement performed at 500 Oe showed that the sample exhibit a magnetization of about 34 emu/g at 300K and hence can be used for magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT). Calorimetric studies performed showed an improvement in temperature up to 12 °C with a minimum time of 210s. Specific absorption rate calculation showed that sample with minimum concentration is better for MHT.
The biological effects of fermented camel milk fortified with sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and mint (Mentha piperita) leaves powder on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Shahein Magdy Ramadan , Elmeligy Abdelmoneim Ahmed , El-Sayed Mahmoud Ibrahim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition described by persistent hyperglycemia due to low secretion of insulin, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. Many studies suggested the potential anti-diabetic effect of camel milk and the important role of the bioactive components of mint and sage in decreasing the side effects of diabetes disease. This study was designed to assess the anti-diabetic potential of fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder (1 and 1.5%) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Forty-two adult normal male albino rats were taken for the study where one group was kept as the non-diabetic control group (6 rats) while others 36 rats were made diabetic by alloxan injection (150 mg/kg of body weight). Among diabetic rats, a control (+) group (6 rats) was kept and referred to as diabetic control whereas the other 5 groups (7rats each) of diabetic rats were fed on fermented camel milk (FCM) or fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder( 1 and 1.5%). Results: The oral administration of fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder caused a significant decreased in blood glucose level and lipid profile, and increased in insulin level compared to the control (+) and FCM groups, and the best results were observed with fermented camel milk fortified with 1.5% sage powder. The results also found that the fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder improved the liver and kidney functions of diabetic rats. Importantly, treatment of diabetic animals fermented camel milk fortified with sage or mint leaves powder resulted in significant amelioration of the histopathological changes of pancreatic, liver, and kidney observed in diabetic animals. Conclusion: Our study recommends the use of sage and mint leaves powder (at a ratio of 1.5%) with fermented camel milk to produce functional food products with anti-diabetic activity.
Simultaneous Genomic and Metagenomic Analysis for Miscarriage and Stillbirth Further Increases the Diagnostic Utility of Genome Sequencing
Authors: Scott Hamish , Byrne Alicia , Arriola Luis , Eshraghi Leila , Ha Thuong , Feng Jinghhua , Babic Milena , Nguyen Hung , Ludington Eleanor , King-Smith Sarah , Parker Wendy , Kenyon Rosalie , Ritchie Brett , Lipsett Jillian , Manton Nick , Khong T , Moore Lynette , Arts Peer , Barnett Christopher , Schreiber Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Congenital abnormalities and infections are the predominant cause of perinatal death in developed countries. While standard-of-care autopsy investigations can ascertain the event that caused the death, the aetiology cannot always be established. Genetic approaches have demonstrated utility in identifying the underlying causes of congenital anomalies and infectious diseases, but the feasibility of simultaneous metagenomic and genomic analyses has not been examined. To determine the potential of this consolidated approach, genome sequencing was performed on DNA from lung in 20 cases of fetal death. Causative microbes were correctly identified in 4/7 known infection cases and plausible causative microbes identified for 2/5 cases unresolved from standard investigations. No significant microbial load was identified in 8/8 cases due to congenital abnormality. While methods for concurrent human and microbial genome analyses still require optimisation, this dual approach should improve the diagnostic yield compared to current standard-of-care investigations, enabling more accurate counselling and appropriate care in subsequent pregnancies.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of titanium gr.5 parts produced by different manufacturing routes
Authors: Campanella Davide , Buffa Gianluca , Hassanin Andrea El , Squillace Antonino , Gagliardi Francesco , Filice Luigino , Fratini Livan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the aircraft industry has shifted its preference for metal parts to titanium and its alloys, such as the high-strength Titanium Grade5 alloy. Because of Titanium Grade 5 limited formability at ambient temperature, forming operations on this material require high temperatures. In these conditions, a peculiar microstructure evolves as a result of the heating and deformation cycles, which has a significant impact on formability and product quality. On the other hand, additive manufacturing technologies, as selective laser melting and electron beam melting, are increasingly being used and are replacing more traditional approaches such as machining and forging. Fundamental parts characteristics as mechanical and microstructural properties, geometric accuracy and surface quality strongly depend on the selection of the manufacturing method. The authors of this paper seek to identify the strengths and limitations imposed by the intrinsic characteristics of different manufacturing alternatives for the production of parts of aeronautical significance, providing guidelines for the choice of the most appropriate manufacturing route for given application and part design.
Body Shape Phenotypes And Breast Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Authors: Noray Laia Peruchet , Dimou Niki , Sedlmeier Anja M. , Fervers Béatrice , Romieu Isabelle , Viallon Vivian , Gunter Marc J. , Ferrari Pietro , Carreras-Torres Robert , Freisling Heinz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Observational and genetic studies have linked different anthropometric traits to breast cancer risk, with inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association between body shape defined by principal component (PC) analysis of anthropometric traits (body mass index (BMI), height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist and hip circumference) and overall breast cancer risk and by sub-type (luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, triple negative and luminal B/HER2 negative). Methods: We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to assess the association between 188 genetic variants robustly linked to the first three PCs and breast cancer (133,384 combined pre- and post-menopausal cases/113,789 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC)). Results: PC1 (general adiposity) was inversely associated with overall breast cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.98]; p-value = 0.016). PC2 (tall with low WHR) was weakly positively associated with overall breast cancer risk (OR = 1.05 [95% CI: 0.98-1.12]; p-value = 0.135), but with a confidence interval including the null. PC3 (tall with large WHR) was not associated with overall breast cancer risk. Some of these associations differed by breast cancer sub-types. For instance, PC2 was positively associated with risk of luminal A breast cancer sub-type (OR = 1.09 [95% CI: 1.01-1.18]; p-value = 0.02).Conclusions: Our study provides evidence for potential causal associations between body shape and breast cancer risk and breast cancer sub-types highlighting the importance to also assess body morphology holistically.
Prolonging Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Improves Long-term Prognosis in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents
Authors: Jingjing Xu , Sida Jia , Pei Zhu , Ying Song , Deshan Yuan , Xueyan Zhao , Yi Yao , Lin Jiang , Jianxin Li , Yin Zhang , Lei Song , Lijian Gao , Shubin Qiao , Yuejin Yang , Bo Xu , Runlin Gao , Yaling Han , Jinqing Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background The optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial, especially for patients at high risk of ischemic events. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and complex coronary interventions have been considered as high risk factors for ischemic events. We aim to investigate if prolonging DAPT duration in diabetic patients after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation can reduce long-term adverse events.Methods This study is an observational cohort study carried out in the largest cardiovascular center in China. 10,724 patients who underwent PCI from January, 2013 to December, 2013 were consecutively enrolled. The inclusion criteria included: documented history of DM; underwent DES implantation; free of adverse events within 1 year after operation; and had at least one high thrombotic risk technical aspects. These patients were divided into three groups according to DAPT duration: Standard group (11 ≤ DAPT ≤ 13 months) and prolonged group (13 < DAPT ≤ 24 months; DAPT > 24 months). Baseline characteristics and 5-year clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 2,403 diabetic patients with complex PCI were included in the current analysis (Standard DAPT n=689; Prolonged DAPT n=1714). Baseline and angiographic characteristics, and complexity of PCI were comparable among patients with different DAPT durations. Patients in 13<DAPT≤24 months group had lowest incidence of MACCE, all cause death and cardiac death. After adjustment of confounding factors, the 13-24 months DAPT duration was related with lower risk of MACCE (HR: 0.544, 95%CI: 0.373-0.795) and all cause death (HR: 0.605, 95%CI: 0.387-0.944). DAPT duration >24 months was related with lower risk of all-cause death (HR: 0.681, 95%CI: 0.493-0.942) and cardiac death (HR: 0.620, 95%CI: 0.403-0.952). Prolonging DAPT duration did not increase the risk of major bleeding (13<DAPT≤24 months: HR: 1.356, 95%CI: 0.766-2.401; DAPT >24 months: HR: 0.967, 95%CI: 0.682-1.371).Conclusions For diabetic patients undergoing complex PCI, prolonging DAPT duration might improve long-term prognosis by reducing the risk of adverse ischemia events and without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Gaining insights in datasets in the shade of “garbage in, garbage out” rationale: feature-space distribution fitting
Authors: Canbek Gürol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article emphasises the negative effect of the “Garbage In, Garbage Out” (GIGO) rationale and the importance of ensuring the dataset quality in Machine Learning (ML) based classification applications to achieve high and generalisable performance. Researchers should integrate the insights gained by quantitative analysis of the datasets’ sample and feature spaces into the initial ML workflow. As a specific contribution towards achieving such a goal, a complete approach was suggested to quantify datasets in terms of feature frequency distribution characteristics (i.e. how the features in the available samples comprising the datasets are frequent?). The approach was demonstrated in eleven benign and malign (malware) Android application datasets belonging to six academic Android mobile malware classification studies. The permissions requested by the applications such as CALL_PHONE compose a relatively high-dimensional binary-feature space. The results have shown that the distributions fit well into two of the four long right-tail statistical distributions: log-normal, exponential, power law, and Poisson. Precisely, log-normal was the most exhibited statistical distribution except the two malign datasets that were in exponential. This study also explores statistical distribution fit/unfit feature analysis enhancing the insights in feature space. Further, the study compiles phenomena examples in the literature exhibiting these statistical distributions that should be considered for interpreting the fitted distributions. In conclusion, conducting well-formed statistical methods provides a clear understanding of the datasets and the intra-class and inter-class differences before proceeding with selecting features and building a classifier model. Feature distribution characteristics should be the one to analyse beforehand.
A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. A retrospective study.
Authors: Villoldo Gustavo Martín , Pombo María Teresa , Aris Mariana , Chemi Joaquín , Mandó Pablo , Nagaraju Supriya , Camean Juan , Burioni Adrián , Egea Deborah , Amat Mora , Mellado José León , Mordoh José , Villaronga Alberto , Barrio María Marcela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intravesical BCG is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk NMIBC. However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1), and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for a predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing TILs polarization in the TME in pre-treatment biopsies. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate intravesical instillations of BCG (n=32) were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. TME polarization was assessed by quantifying the T-Bet+ (Th1) and GATA-3+ (Th2) lymphocyte ratio (G/T), and the density and degranulation of EPX+ eosinophils. In addition, PD-1/PD-L1 staining was quantified. The results correlated with the BCG response. In most nonresponders, Th1/Th2 markers were compared in pre-and post-BCG biopsies.ORR was 65.6% in the study population. BCG responders had a higher G/T ratio and higher number of degranulated EPX+ cells. Variables combined into a Th2-score showed a significant association with higher scores in responders (p=0.027). A Th2-score cut-off value >48.1 allowed discrimination of responders with 91% sensitivity, but with lower specificity. Relapse-free survival was significantly associated with the Th2-score (p=0.007). In post-BCG biopsies from recurring patients, TILs increased Th2-polarization, probably reflecting BCG failure to induce a pro-inflammatory status and, thus, a lack of response. PD-L1/PD-1 expression was not associated with the BCG response.Our results support the hypothesis that a pre-existing Th2-polarized TME predicts a better response to BCG, assuming a reversion to Th1 polarization and antitumor activity.
Mathematics and science teacher’s conception and reflection on computer programming with scratch: Technological and pedagogical standpoint
Authors: Iyamuremye Aloys 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current study investigates teachers' conception and reflection of computer programming from scratch in terms of technological and pedagogical standpoint. Mixed research approaches typically achievement tests and interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. A total of twenty-one Mathematics and Science teachers were randomly selected to participate in the study. A paired t-test was used to analyze quantitative data from pre and post-test, while descriptive and interpretive analyses were used to analyze qualitative data from the interview. The results of the study showed that Mathematic and Sciences teachers have a great conception of scratch programming after attending scratch programming. There was a significant difference in mean between pre and post-test (p ˂ 0.05). It was also found that scratch is an effective pedagogical tool for teaching and learning Mathematics and Sciences. In addition, teachers express positive views of using scratch in teaching and learning Mathematics and Sciences as it helps them to visualize abstract content, motivate students, increase students' interest, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, act as an assessment tool and increase student's academic performance.
Simulating Post-disaster Temporary Housing Needs for Displaced Households and Out-of-town Contractors
Authors: Wang Chenbo , Costa Rodrigo , Baker Jack 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Residential damage from major disasters often displaces local residents out of their homes and into temporary housing. Out-of-town contractors assisting in post-disaster housing recovery also need housing, creating additional pressure on the local housing stock. Communities should thus prepare for a surge in temporary housing demand to minimize the impact on the local residents and to expedite housing recovery efforts. Computational models can support recovery planning. This paper introduces an agent-based simulation framework to estimate the workforce demand and the joint temporary housing needs of contractors and displaced households. The main agents are households seeking to repair their homes, local contractors, and out-of-town contractors. Out-of-town contractor agents come into the community if the labor and housing markets are favorable. The framework can be used to evaluate the resulting challenges and benefits of interventions aimed at attracting out-of-town contractors to expedite housing recovery. We present a case study on the housing recovery of the city of San Francisco after hypothetical M6.5, M7.2, and M7.9 earthquakes. A shortage of contractors is shown to bottleneck the reconstruction if no out-of-town contractors are recruited. Conversely, out-of-town contractors increase the likelihood of temporary housing shortages. These results highlight the need to plan for shortages of reconstruction labor and temporary housing during recovery.
A CRISPR interference strategy for gene expression silencing in multiple myeloma cell lines
Authors: Poch Enric , Escrivá-Fernández Josep , Cueto-Ureña Cristina , Lledó Elisa , Ballester-Lurbe Begoña 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic neoplasm which is characterized by proliferation and infiltration of plasmatic cells in the bone marrow. Currently, MM is considered incurable due to treatment resistance. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system has been recently used in several cell lines and mouse models to understand the role of various genetic alterations in pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. Despite the recent advances of gene edition tools, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing of MM have not so far been extended. In this work, we want to repress Rnd3 expression, an atypical Rho GTPase involved in several cellular processes, in MM cell lines using a CRISPR interference strategy. Results: We have designed different guide RNAs and cloning them into a lentiviral plasmid, which contain all the machinery necessary for develop the CRISPR interference strategy. We co-transfected the HEK 293T cells with this lentiviral plasmid and 3rd generation lentiviral envelope and packaging plasmids for the production of lentiviral particles. The lentiviral particles were used to transduce two different multiple myeloma cell lines, RPMI 8226 and JJN3, and downregulate Rnd3 expression.Conclusions: We have developed a CRISPR interference strategy to generate stable Rnd3 knockdown MM cell lines by lentiviral transduction. We have evaluated this strategy in two MM cell lines and we have demonstrated that Rnd3 silencing works both at transcriptional and protein level. Therefore, we propose CRISPR interference strategy as an alternative tool to silence gene expression in MM cell lines.
Patient with recurrent fracture of osteosynthetic plate-association with the composition of osteosynthetic material and its fractographical study: a case report
Authors: Voves Jiří , Čabanová Kristina , Židlík Vladimír , Matějková Petra , Olšovská Eva , Smejkal Tomáš , Havlíček Miroslav , Madeja Roman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis case report deals with a twice reoperated patient with right clavicle fracture at the same position within 5 months. The report was divided in to three parts. Case presentationIn the first part the description of both injuries and the methods of their treatment are provided: i) The patient suffered a fracture of the right clavicle which was fixed using Ti LCP-SCP plate (Locking Compression Plate - Superior Clavicle Plate). ii) Another accident occurred after five months which resulted with the refracture of the right clavicle and bending of the osteosynthetic material requiring the reoperation of the patient again using the Ti LCP-SCP plate iii) After seven months, the patient arrived at the hospital indicating the pain in the right clavicle, whereas the fracture of the osteosynthetic material was detected. This last fracture was fixed again with Ti LCP-SCP plate in combination with two lag screws cross sectionally positioned.ConclusionWhereas second and third parts are focused on the complex evaluation of osteosynthetic material and the tissue observations of this medical case. The second part is focused on the evaluation of the osteosynthetic material and a its fractographical study. The third part of the case report is devoted to the microscopic analysis of the metal particles found in tissues in positions of the contacts with osteosynthetic material.