bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor phlorizin reduces glucose transport in experimental peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Martus Giedre , Bergling Karin , Öberg Carl M 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Glucose absorption during peritoneal dialysis (PD) is commonly assumed to occur via paracellular pathways. We recently showed that SGLT2 inhibition did not reduce glucose absorption in experimental PD, but the potential role of glucose transport into cells is still unclear. Here we sought to elucidate the effects of phlorizin, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1 and SGLT2), in an experimental rat model of PD. Methods: A 120-min PD dwell was performed in 12 anesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats using 1.5% glucose fluid with a fill volume of 20 mL with ( n = 6) or without ( n = 6) intraperitoneal phlorizin (50 mg/L). Several parameters for peritoneal water and solute transport were monitored during the treatment. Results: Phlorizin markedly increased the urinary excretion of glucose, lowered plasma glucose and increased plasma creatinine after PD. Median glucose diffusion capacity at 60 min was significantly lower ( p < 0.05) being 196 µL/min (IQR 178–213) for phlorizin-treated animals compared to 238 µL/min (IQR 233–268) in controls. Median fractional dialysate glucose concentration at 60 min ( D/ D 0) was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in phlorizin-treated animals being 0.65 (IQR 0.63–0.67) compared to 0.61 (IQR 0.60–0.62) in controls. At 120 min, there was no difference in solute or water transport across the peritoneal membrane. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a part of glucose absorption during the initial part of the dwell occurs via transport into peritoneal cells.
The Predictor Potential Role of the Glucose to Potassium Ratio in the Diagnostic Differentiation of Massive and Non-Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Boyuk Ferit 
Published: February 2022

Objective Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the main causes of death and has a course as massive (MPE) or non-massive (NMPE). The study investigates the indicator potential of Glucose to Potassium ratio (GPR) in the differential diagnosis of MPE and NMPE. Materials and Methods The study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional clinical cohort in patients with PE. A total of 111 participants enrolled in the research separating two groups: MPE (n:54) and NMPE (n:67). The GPR was calculated by dividing serum glucose by potassium levels and its results were compared with D-Dimer, Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP), and C-Reactive Protein Test (CRP). Results D-Dimer was measured as 6.5 ± 5.7 µg/L in the MPE and found higher than the NMPE (3.9 ± 5.2 µg/L) ( P = .019). CRP (100 ± 83.5 to 30.9 ± 42.7 mg/L; P = .0001) and PAP (49.5 ± 11.9 to 34.8 ± 7.3 mmHg; P = .0001) were found increased in the MPE. GPR strongly increased in the MPE (30.7 ± 7.5 to 24.9 ± 4.3; P = .0003) in line with CRP, D-Dimer and PAP. GPR showed a stronger diagnostic value (AUC: 0.733; P = .00001; Sensitivity:72%; Spesifity:70%; Cut-off: 26.5). PAP and GPR showed significant efficiency on occurrence of the MPE according to the binary logistic regression. Conclusion The GPR, as a novel and cheap marker, can be useful for diagnostic differentiation of MPE from NMPE, but weaker than PAP and better than D-dimer. Type of Study and Level of Evidence Level-II, Retrospective clinical cohort study.
A Suggested Link Between Antithrombin Dose and Rate of Recovery from Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Patients with Severe Organ Failure
Authors: Kuroda Hiromitsu , Tatsumi Hiroomi , Sonoda Tomoko , Masuda Yoshiki 
Published: February 2022

Introduction The efficacy of antithrombin (AT) supplementation against septic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may depend on various pre-existing factors, particularly the AT dose and multiple organ dysfunction severity. This study aimed to identify the impactful factors for early DIC recovery. Methods Patients’ clinical records, including AT therapy and septic DIC data, were retrospectively extracted from January 2015 to December 2020. The patients were divided into those with early DIC recovery (n = 34) and those without (n = 37). Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined significant independent factors. Time-to-event analysis confirmed how these factors affected the DIC recovery time. Results The AT dose per patient body weight (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.879 [1.031-8.042], P = 0.044) and pre-existing organ dysfunction severity (0.333 [0.120-0.920], P = 0.034) were significant independent factors affecting early DIC recovery. A higher AT dose significantly shortened the DIC recovery time among patients with severe organ dysfunction ( P < 0.01), but not among non-severe patients ( P = 0.855). Conclusion The therapeutic efficacy of AT treatment for septic DIC might depend on the severity of pre-existing organ failure and the AT dose per patient body weight.
Macular optical coherence tomography for screening of pathology prior to cataract surgery: An approach based on tele-evaluation
Authors: Herranz-Cabarcos A. , Vega-López Z. , Salas-Fandos O. , Quiroz-Quiroga MJ , Burgos-Fernández P. , Martí-Rodrigo P. , Castilla-Marti M. , Poposki V. , Martínez-Palmer AR. 
Published: February 2022

Background To assess the benefit of macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) as a part of the routinary preoperative study of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods A prospective single-center study study was performed. Consecutive patients with normal biomicroscopic funduscopy, moderate cataract and no history of ophthalmological pathologies were enrolled. All patients underwent macular SD-OCT. The obtained images were analysed by a general ophthalmologist and two retina specialists. Incidence of macular pathology and its relation to age and comorbidities were assessed. Results Eight-hundred and thirty-six eyes of 419 patients were enrolled in this study. All images were analysed telematically by a general ophthalmologist. Forty-nine eyes were excluded due to insufficient quality of the obtained images. Abnormal images were observed in 156 eyes (18.6%), including age-related macular degeneration in 68 (8.2%), epiretinal membrane (ERM) in 67 (8.0%), cystoid macular edema in 3 eyes (0.4%), among others. Diagnostics with severe impact on patient visual prognosis were observed in 16 eyes (3.82%) from 12 patients. The relationship between incidence of macular pathologies and age or comorbidities was not statistically significant. To assess accuracy of the first observer, images were subsequently analysed by two retinologists. The kappa index of concordance was 0.80 and 0.85. Conclusions Implementing a systematic macular SD-OCT as a preoperative test prior to cataract surgery would improve quality of postoperative visual prognosis information. A general ophthalmologist would be suitable to screen for pathology through macular OCT images.
Histopathological factors versus margin size in single colorectal liver metastases: Does a 1-cm margin size matter?
Authors: Fonseca Gilton M. , de Mello Evandro S. , Faraj Sheila F. , Kruger Jaime A.P. , Jeismann Vagner B. , Coelho Fabricio F. , Alves Venancio A.F. , Herman Paulo 
Published: February 2022

Background and objective: The ideal margin width for surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases has been extensively studied, but not sufficiently in accordance with other pathological factors. The aim of this study was to assess for the first time the prognostic impact of margin widths according to different prognostic pathological factors in colorectal liver metastasis. Methods: We evaluated 101 patients with a single resected metastasis. Slides stained by HE were assessed for the presence of poorly differentiated clusters, peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, tumor pseudocapsule, and tumor borders pattern. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and hepatic recurrence were evaluated. The pathologic factors prognostic impact was evaluated according to a (< or ⩾) 10-mm margin size. Results: Factors independently associated with a shorter overall survival were absence of tumor pseudocapsule ( p < 0.001) and infiltrative tumor border pattern ( p = 0.019). The absence of tumor pseudocapsule was the only factor independently associated with shorter disease-free survival ( p < 0.001). Hepatic recurrence was associated with infiltrative tumor border and absence of pseudocapsule. Margin width ⩾10 mm did not impact overall survival independently of the studied histological prognostic factors. Conclusions: In colorectal liver metastasis resection, the absence of tumor pseudocapsule was significantly associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival and hepatic recurrence. However, margins larger than 10 mm did not offer survival benefit when other pathologic negative prognostic factors were concomitantly analyzed, reinforcing the idea that biology, rather than margin size, is crucial for prognosis.
A novel ultrasonic-assisted staking process for mechanical fasteners
Authors: Jäckisch M , Merklein M 
Published: February 2022

Increasing material variety in car body engineering causes new challenges regarding the joining processes and therefore, leads to an enhanced usage of mechanical joining technologies. Mechanical fasteners, as self-piercing nuts, can be staked cost-efficiently without a pre-punching operation to create detachable joints. Nevertheless, elevated workpiece strengths lead to high forming forces and a limited application range. One promising approach to reduce tool and workpiece loads in forming operations is superimposing a high-frequency oscillation to the tool movement. The so-called ultrasonic assistance enables an immediate and considerable reduction of the material's flow stress. This beneficial softening effect has been confirmed for several materials and processes. Since the process management and monitoring are highly affected by the frequency-dependent dynamic behavior of the whole test setup, the application of ultrasonic assistance is already challenging for basic forming operations. Hence, only a few studies have been investigating ultrasonic-assisted joining processes. In particular, joining processes with auxiliary elements have been hardly considered. Within the scope of this work, a novel ultrasonic-assisted staking process for mechanical fasteners is proposed. Therefore, the punch movement for the installation of a self-piercing nut into an aluminum sheet is superimposed with a 20 kHz oscillation of 10 µm, 15 µm, and 20 µm amplitude. Ultrasonic assistance in the initial staking phase, characterized by moderate loads, causes irregular tool–specimen contact. Since the effect is promoted by increasing amplitudes, a correlation with the elastic tool deflection is presumed. Additionally, the transferability of the ultrasonic-based force reduction to mechanical joining with auxiliary element is confirmed and a beneficial influence on the joint formation is identified. Thus, ultrasonic assistance is proven as a promising approach for the extension of existing process limits.
Journalism with the voice of authority: The emergence of interpretive reporting at The NEW YORK Times, 1919–1931
Authors: Stoker Kevin L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract In 1930, New York Times Washington correspondent Richard V. Oulahan described his coverage of government activities and affairs as interpretive reporting. Journalism historians have linked the rise of interpretive reporting to the use of bylines, globalism, syndicated columns, and specialized journalism education. The dean of the Washington press corps, Oulahan earned his first bylined story in 1918 for coverage of the Paris Peace Conference. After that time, he began receiving bylines for his coverage of government, politics, and international affairs. Thus, Oulahan’s bylined reporting offers an access point for studying the post-World War I rise of interpretive reporting at The New York Times. The study examines the concept of interpretive reporting and then focuses on The New York Times, particularly the influence of Oulahan, Lester Markel, and Arthur Sulzberger. The study shows a direct link between Oulahan’s authoritative voice and the editorial innovations pioneered by Sunday Times editor Markel, one of the foremost advocates of interpretive reporting. Next, the study reveals additional factors, including foreign correspondence and good old competition, that led to the emergence of interpretive reporting at The New York Times.
MEG Oscillatory Slowing in Cognitive Impairment is Associated with the Presence of Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Bruña Ricardo , López-Sanz David , Maestú Fernando , Cohen Ann D. , Bagic Anto , Huppert Ted , Kim Tae , Roush Rebecca E. , Snitz Betz , Becker James T. 
Published: February 2022

The mechanisms behind Alzheimer's disease are not yet fully described, and changes in the electrophysiology of patients across the continuum of the disease could help to understand them. In this work, we study the power spectral distribution of a set of 129 individuals from the Connectomics of Brian Aging and Dementia project. From this sample, we acquired task-free data, with eyes closed, and estimated the power spectral distribution in source space. We compared the spectral profiles of three groups of individuals: 70 healthy controls, 27 patients with amnestic MCI, and 32 individuals showing cognitive impairment without subjective complaints (IWOC). The results showed a slowing of the brain activity in the aMCI patients, when compared to both the healthy controls and the IWOC individuals. These differences appeared both as a decrease in power for high frequency oscillations and an increase in power in alpha oscillations. The slowing of the spectrum was significant mainly in parietal and medial frontal areas. We were able to validate the slowing of the brain activity in individuals with aMCI, appearing in our sample in areas related to the default mode network. However, this pattern did not appear in the IWOC individuals, suggesting that their condition is not part of the AD continuum. This work raises interesting questions about this group of individuals, and the underlying brain mechanisms behind their cognitive impairment.
Intravenous Drug Use: a Significant Risk Factor for Serratia Bacteremia
Authors: McCann Timothy , Elabd Hatem , Blatt Stephen P. , Brandt Dominique M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Serratia is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause an array of infectious presentations. Aside from case reports, intravenous (IV) drug use has not been adequately quantified as a major risk factor for Serratia infection. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 103 adult patients admitted to four community hospitals in Ohio from January 2014 to December 2018 with a positive blood culture for Serratia species. A complete data set of 103 patients was analyzed for demographics, comorbidities, initial diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Outcomes were recurrence of infection, in hospital mortality, 90-day mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), complications (endocarditis, osteomyelitis, abscess), and evaluation for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) activity. Descriptive statistics were performed using frequencies for discrete variables and median [interquartile range (IQR)] for continuous variables. Results: Serratia marcescens was the predominate species 94 (91%). Demographics were White 88 (85%) and male 63 (62%); 42 (42%) were IV drug users. IV drug users were younger than non-IV drug users with a median (IQR) age of 40 [33–50] versus 71 years [41–72] and likely to have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 37 (88%) versus 3 (5%), p < 0.0001. Culture and susceptibility analysis revealed 36% of isolates with possible or confirmed ESBL production. The most common complications were endocarditis (12%) and osteomyelitis (10%). In-hospital mortality was 2%, 90-day mortality (2%), with 90-day readmission (21%). The median (IQR) LOS is 7 [3.25–14.75]. Conclusion: This is the largest study to our knowledge evaluating non-nosocomial Serratia bacteremia. Our study shows that a high proportion of patients hospitalized with a positive Serratia culture are IV drug users and have HCV co-infection. There is significant ceftriaxone resistance and ESBL activity noted in our population. Based on this, we suggest empiric treatment with cefepime or consider carbapenem therapy for Serratia bloodstream isolates pending full susceptibility data. Focus should be on proper antibiotic treatment as the readmission rate and LOS are high.
Food hygiene practice and its associated factors among food handlers working in food establishments during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Gojjam and West Gojjam Zones, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Alamneh Alehegn Aderaw , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Simieneh Muluye Molla , Wubie Moges , Lamore Yonas , Tessema Mekuanint Taddele , Abebaw Abtie , Asmare Biachew , Alemu Tsehay , Teym Abraham , Amsalu Menichil 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the food hygiene practice and associated factors among food handlers working in food establishments during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Gojjam and West Gojjam Zones, North West Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 845 food handlers working in 423 selected food establishments of East and West Gojjam Zones from 22 September to 2 November 2020. The food handlers were categorized as a cooker and a waiter based on their responsibility. A data collection tool was adapted from the literature and validated by conducting a pre-test prior to the study. Binary logistic regression was done to identify the factors associated with food hygiene practice among food handlers. Results: The prevalence of poor food hygiene practices among food handlers working in food establishments was 51.2% (95% confidence interval = 47.8, 54.6%). Being both a cooker and waiter (adjusted odds ratio = 2.98; 95% confidence interval = 1.02, 8.66), availability of personal protective equipment (adjusted odds ratio = 2.67; 95% confidence interval = 1.75, 4.08), presence of pipe water in the kitchen (adjusted odds ratio = 2.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.84, 4.06), presence of a supervisor (adjusted odds ratio = 2.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.41, 3.62), and separate dressing room (adjusted odds ratio = 2.69; 95% confidence interval = 1.84, 3.93) were significantly associated with food hygiene practice among food handlers. Conclusion: The prevalence of poor food hygiene practices among food handlers working in food establishments during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. Therefore, improving food hygiene practice focusing on availing personal protective equipment, pipe water in the kitchen, and ensuring the presence of a supervisor as well as a separate dressing room in the food establishment is recommended.
Adolescents Are Less Physically Active Than Adults After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kuenze Christopher , Collins Katherine , Triplett Ashley , Bell David , Norte Grant , Baez Shelby , Harkey Matthew , Wilcox Luke , Lisee Caroline 
Published: February 2022

Background: Sources of physical activity (PA) and motivation for return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) differ between adolescents and adults. It is unclear whether these differences influence participation in PA during the first year after ACLR when individuals are transitioning from rehabilitative care to unrestricted activity. Purpose: To compare device-assessed measures of PA between adolescents and adults at 6 to 12 months after ACLR. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included were 22 adolescents (age, 15.9 ± 1.2 years; time since surgery = 8.0 ± 2.1 months) and 23 adults (age, 22.5 ± 5.0 years; time since surgery = 8.2 ± 2.1 months) who were cleared for unrestricted PA after primary unilateral ACLR. Participants were considered physically active if they met their age-specific United States Department of Health and Human Services PA guidelines. Participants wore an accelerometer-based PA monitor for at least 7 days. Daily minutes of moderate to vigorous–PA (MVPA) and daily step counts were reported and compared between age groups using analysis of covariance, with monitor wear time and sex included as covariates. The association between age group and meeting age-specific PA guidelines was assessed using binary logistic regression and reported as an odds ratio. Results: Adults with ACLR participated in 16 minutes more MVPA per day (49 ± 22 vs 33 ± 16 minutes per day; P < .001) and took 2212 more steps per day (8365 ± 2294 vs 6153 ± 1765 steps per day; P < .001) when compared with adolescent participants. In addition, 83% of adults were physically active, compared with 9% of adolescents (odds ratio = 60.2; 95% CI, 7.6-493.4). Conclusion: Adolescents with ACLR were less physically active than adults with ACLR, and only 9% of adolescents met aerobic PA guidelines. This is concerning because PA patterns adopted early in life are predictive of PA patterns in adulthood. Our findings indicate a need to better understand underlying causes of reduced PA among adolescents with ACLR and to develop intervention strategies that promote engagement in adequate PA after rehabilitation.
Dual action of the cannabinoid receptor 1 ligand arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide on calcitonin gene-related peptide release
Authors: Christiansen Isabella Mai , Edvinsson Jacob C. A. , Reducha Philip V. , Edvinsson Lars , Haanes Kristian Agmund 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Based on the current understanding of the role of neuropeptide signalling in migraine, we explored the therapeutic potential of a specific cannabinoid agonist. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the synthetic endocannabinoid (eCB) analogue, arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in the dura and trigeminal ganglion (TG), as cannabinoids are known to activate Gi/o-coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1), resulting in neuronal inhibition.

Methods
The experiments were performed using the hemi-skull model and dissected TGs from male Sprague-Dawley rats. CGRP release was induced by either 60 mM K+ (for depolarization-induced stimulation) or 100 nM capsaicin (for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) -induced stimulation) and measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The analysis of CGRP release data was combined with immunohistochemistry in order to study the cellular localization of CB1, cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), CGRP and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a subunit of the functional CGRP receptor, in the TG.

Results
CB1 was predominantly expressed in neuronal somas in which colocalization with CGRP was observed. Furthermore, CB1 exhibited colocalization with RAMP1 in neuronal Aδ-fibres but was not clearly expressed in the CGRP-immunoreactive C-fibres. CB2 was mainly expressed in satellite glial cells and did not show substantial colocalization with either CGRP or RAMP1. Without stimulation, 140 nM ACEA per se caused a significant increase in CGRP release in the dura but not TG, compared to vehicle. Furthermore, 140 nM ACEA did not significantly modify neither K+- nor capsaicin-induced CGRP release. However, when the TRPV1 blocker AMG9810 (1 mM) was coapplied with ACEA, K+-induced CGRP release was significantly attenuated in the TG and dura.

Conclusions
Results from the present study indicate that ACEA per se does not exhibit antimigraine potential due to its dual agonistic properties, resulting in activation of both CB1 and TRPV1, and thereby inhibition and stimulation of CGRP release, respectively.