bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheo‐NMR Spectroscopy for Cryogenic‐Probe‐Equipped NMR Instruments to Monitor Protein Aggregation
Authors: Morimoto Daichi , Walinda Erik , Yamamoto Akihiko , Scheler Ulrich , Sugase Kenji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCryogenic‐probe‐based Rheo‐NMR spectroscopy is a recently developed methodology to obtain solution NMR spectra of protein samples in situ under external shear. It is applicable to atomic‐resolution monitoring of protein aggregation in situ, thereby aiding understanding of the transient structural changes and state conversion of amyloidogenic proteins, which are strongly associated with the both the onset and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here, we present detailed experimental procedures for the instrumental setup and practical tips for preparation of NMR measurement to analyze protein aggregation by this technique. This protocol will thus aid future Rheo‐NMR spectroscopic studies not only of protein aggregation but also of other phenomena related to shear stress, such as shear‐induced viscosity increase and shear‐enhanced crystallization. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Setup of a Rheo‐NMR InstrumentBasic Protocol 2: Adjustment of the Vertical and Horizontal Positions of the Glass StickBasic Protocol 3: Monitoring Protein Aggregation by Rheo‐NMR Spectroscopy
Accurate and Effective Detection of Recurrent Copy Number Variants in Large SNP Genotype Datasets
Authors: Montalbano Simone , Sánchez Xabier Calle , Vaez Morteza , Helenius Dorte , Werge Thomas , Ingason Andrés 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStructural variations, including recurrent Copy Number Variants (CNVs) at specific genomic loci, have been found to be associated with increased risk of several diseases and syndromes. CNV carrier status can be determined in large collections of samples using SNP arrays and, more recently, sequencing data. Although there is some consensus among researchers about the essential steps required in such analysis (i.e., CNV calling, filtering of putative carriers, and visual validation using intensity data plots of the genomic region), standard methodologies and processes to control the quality and consistency of the results are lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive and user‐friendly protocol that we have refined from our extensive research experience in the field. We cover every aspect of the analysis, from input data curation to final results. For each step, we highlight which parameters affect the analysis the most and how different settings may lead to different results. We provide a pipeline to run the complete analysis with effective (but customizable) pre‐sets. We present software that we developed to better handle and filter putative CNV carriers and perform visual inspection to validate selected candidates. Finally, we describe methods to evaluate the critical sections and actions to counterbalance potential problems. The current implementation is focused on Illumina SNP array data. All the presented software is freely available and provided in a ready‐to‐use docker container. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: From raw intensity data files to CNV callsBasic Protocol 2: From CNV calls to validated CNV carriers.Basic Protocol 3: Quality control and quality assessmentBasic Protocol 4: Install the necessary software
Arboreal mouse lemurs discovered sleeping in a burrow on the ground
Authors: Ramananjato Veronarindra , Randimbiarison Finaritra , Rabarijaonina Tanjoniaina Hery Nirina Patrick , Razafindratsima Onja H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFinding sleeping sites is important for the fitness of many mammal species. Like most nonhuman primates, Madagascar's mouse lemurs (genus: Microcebus) are thought to exclusively use arboreal sleeping sites. The rufous mouse lemurs (Microcebus rufus) in Ranomafana National Park (southeastern Madagascar) have always been documented to sleep in either tree holes or leaf nests. However, in our recent field expedition, we observed, with the help of telemetry technologies, an unprecedented event of M. rufus sleeping in a burrow on the rainforest ground, curled up with a very slow heartbeat. Thus far, such behavior has not been observed in any other Microcebus species but is common in high‐altitude dwarf lemurs (genus: Cheirogaleus), a closely related genus to the mouse lemurs. We believe that this discovery could illustrate an ecophysiological response strategy to habitat changes, which warrants further investigation.
The legacies of land clearance and trophic downgrading accumulate to affect structure and function of kelp forests
Authors: Wing Stephen R. , Shears Nicolas T. , Tait Leigh W. , Schiel David R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAotearoa New Zealand is the last major landmass settled by people, and therefore provides a recent record of ecological legacy effects in the coastal zone. Large‐scale land clearances of forests accelerated over the last century, affecting the concentration of suspended sediments, light environment, and nutrient composition on rocky reefs, and consequently the distribution, abundance, and composition of algal forests. The environmental effects were compounded in many places by overfishing and long‐term declines of large predatory species, often leading to proliferation and extensive grazing by sea urchins. In this study, we examine these processes in three biogeographic regions that have been differentially affected by ecological legacy effects. The study was based on the depth‐specific associations between sea urchins (Evechinus chloroticus) and the common kelp (Ecklonia radiata) from multiple sites within each region, some of which were sampled over two decades within no‐take marine reserves and in actively fished areas. Satellite‐derived estimates of water‐column properties were used as proxies for the relative effects of coastal sedimentation on kelp forest habitats. We then used an information‐theoretic framework to assess the relative factor weightings of marine reserve effects on urchin density, total suspended solids (TSS), and regional urchin density on the depth‐specific density of Ecklonia radiata. The fishing effects were significant within and outside of reserves in the northern and central regions, but the effect sizes were by far strongest in the northern region. In the central region characterized by extensive land clearance and forestry combined with high coastal retention of water, the concentration of TSS had a major influence on the depth distribution of kelp, confining it to shallow water (<10‐m depth) in small patches where urchins did not overgraze. These patterns are in sharp contrast to the small marine reserve effects and deep distribution of Ecklonia radiata in the southern region, which has intact native forested catchments, comparatively low fishing pressure, and a large regional network of marine reserves. The results highlight important differences in how centuries‐old legacies of land clearance and exploitation affect regional‐scale dynamics of sea urchins and kelp and define the appropriate spatial scale of ecosystem‐based management of critical kelp forest habitats.
Predictive value of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio for atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Hong Kong Diabetes Study
Authors: Chang Carlin , Zhou Jiandong , Chou Oscar Hou In , Chan Justin , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Wong Wing Tak , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Zhang Qingpeng , Lee Sharen , Tse Gary 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a routinely available biomarker that reflects systemic inflammation. The study evaluated the predictive value of NLR for ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis was a population‐based cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and complete blood count tests at baseline between 1 January 1st, 2009, and 31 December, 2009, at government‐funded hospitals/clinics in Hong Kong. Follow‐up was until 31 December, 2019, or death.ResultsA total of 85,351 patients (age = 67.6 ± 13.2 years old, male = 48.8%, follow‐up = 3101 ± 1441 days) were included. Univariable Cox regression found that increased NLR at quartiles 2, 3 and 4 was significantly associated with higher risks of new‐onset ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.28 [1.20–1.37], p < .001, HR: 1.41 [1.32–1.51], p < .001 and HR: 1.38 [1.29–1.47], p < .001) and AF (HR: 1.09 [1.02–1.17], p < .015; HR: 1.28 [1.20–1.37], p < .001; HR: 1.39 [1.31–1.49], p < .001) compared to quartile 1. On multivariable analysis, NLR remained a significant predictor of ischemic stroke risk for quartiles 2 and 3 (quartile 2: HR: 1.14 [1.05, 1.22], p = .001; quartile 3: HR: 1.14 [1.06, 1.23], p < .001) but not quartile 4 (HR: 1.08 [0.994, 1.17], p = .070). NLR was not predictive of AF after adjusting for confounders (quartile 2: HR: 0.966 [0.874, 1.07], p = .499; quartile 3: HR: 0.978 [0.884, 1.08], p = .661; quartile 4: HR: 1.05 [0.935, 1.16], p = .462).ConclusionNLR is a significant predictor of new‐onset ischaemic stroke after adjusting for significant confounders in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.
Fast three‐dimensional image generation for healthy brain aging using diffeomorphic registration
Authors: Fu Jingru , Tzortzakakis Antonios , Barroso José , Westman Eric , Ferreira Daniel , Moreno Rodrigo ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2022

AbstractPredicting brain aging can help in the early detection and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Longitudinal cohorts of healthy subjects scanned through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been essential to understand the structural brain changes due to aging. However, these cohorts suffer from missing data due to logistic issues in the recruitment of subjects. This paper proposes a methodology for filling up missing data in longitudinal cohorts with anatomically plausible images that capture the subject‐specific aging process. The proposed methodology is developed within the framework of diffeomorphic registration. First, two novel modules are introduced within Synthmorph, a fast, state‐of‐the‐art deep learning‐based diffeomorphic registration method, to simulate the aging process between the first and last available MRI scan for each subject in three‐dimensional (3D). The use of image registration also makes the generated images plausible by construction. Second, we used six image similarity measurements to rearrange the generated images to the specific age range. Finally, we estimated the age of every generated image by using the assumption of linear brain decay in healthy subjects. The methodology was evaluated on 2662 T1‐weighted MRI scans from 796 healthy participants from 3 different longitudinal cohorts: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Open Access Series of Imaging Studies‐3, and Group of Neuropsychological Studies of the Canary Islands (GENIC). In total, we generated 7548 images to simulate the access of a scan per subject every 6 months in these cohorts. We evaluated the quality of the synthetic images using six quantitative measurements and a qualitative assessment by an experienced neuroradiologist with state‐of‐the‐art results. The assumption of linear brain decay was accurate in these cohorts (R2 ∈ [.924, .940]). The experimental results show that the proposed methodology can produce anatomically plausible aging predictions that can be used to enhance longitudinal datasets. Compared to deep learning‐based generative methods, diffeomorphic registration is more likely to preserve the anatomy of the different structures of the brain, which makes it more appropriate for its use in clinical applications. The proposed methodology is able to efficiently simulate anatomically plausible 3D MRI scans of brain aging of healthy subjects from two images scanned at two different time points.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Lee Dong Hyun , Park Geun Hyeong , Kim Se Hyun , Park Ju Yong , Yang Kun , Slesazeck Stefan , Mikolajick Thomas , Park Min Hyuk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12380) comprehensively reviews the recent progress in artificial synaptic and spiking neuron devices for neuromorphic computing based on (Hf,Zr)O2‐based ferroelectrics. The actual human brain consists of neurons, axons, and synapses. Simply explain their functions, neurons communicate with each other via electrical events called action potential and chemical neurotransmitters. At the junction between two neurons which is called a synapse, an action potential causes one side of the neuron to release a chemical neurotransmitter. Thus, we intended to mimic the basic element of the human brain and its functions by utilizing our ferroelectric devices. The background consists entirely of two parts (i.e biological neural network (Upper part) and integrated semiconductor chips (Bottom part). In the center of the cover image, we highlighted fluorite‐structured ferroelectrics by emitting lights. It should be noted that the light here is nothing more than intended to emphasize fluorite structure.
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Back Cover Image
Authors: Bhat Gurudutt , Kielar Marcin , Rao Haixia , Gholami Mahnaz D. , Mathers Isabel , Larin Astrid C. R. , Flanagan Thomas , Erdenebileg Enkhtur , Bruno Annalisa , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Izake Emad L. , Sah Pankaj , Lam Yeng Ming , Pandey Ajay K. , Sonar Prashant 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis cover (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12345) shows a multifunctional TPA‐azaBODIPY‐TPA small molecule with superior optoelectronic and photophysical properties. Material is shown to function as an efficient hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells reaching a power conversion efficiency of 17.4%, and as a robust electron donor in near‐infrared organic photodetectors absorbing light in the wavelength range of up to 800 nm. Offering two distinct optoelectronic functions, TPA‐azaBODIPY‐TPA is particularly attractive as it enables multi‐purpose applications while maintaining the ease of fabrication.
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Withdrawn: CircTDRD3 aggravates H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via targeting miR‐4295/TP63 axis
Authors: Kong Xiaodong , Jin Li , Zhang Xue , Ba Sai , Hao Yuying , Zhou Kexuan , Sun Ning 
Published: December 2022

The above article, published online on 5 December 2022, on Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.23003), has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Hari Bhat, and Wiley Periodicals, LLC.The withdrawal has been agreed due to a technical error at the publisher that caused the article to be mistakenly published online although publication had been canceled because the authors did not approve their proof.
The impact of religiousness and beliefs about mental illness on help‐seeking behaviors of Muslim Americans
Authors: Mudryk Elijah P. , Johnson Laura R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to the typical challenges of daily life, Muslim Americans have experienced high levels of stress and clinical disorders relating to discrimination from the 9/11 attacks and ongoing political stigma. Despite mounting mental health concerns, Muslim Americans have encountered multifaceted barriers to accessing mental health services and remain underserved.AimsThis study sought to explore the relationship between religiousness and beliefs about mental illness among Muslim Americans to predict their clinical help‐seeking attitudes.Materials and MethodsThe present study gathered a nationwide sample of Muslim Americans through online data collection to assess how the relationship between religiousness and help‐seeking was mediated by acculturation and biomedical beliefs about mental illness.ResultsAnalyses found that Islamic religiousness and biomedical beliefs predicted more openness to mental health treatment. Additional analyses found that integration with mainstream culture was correlated with higher confidence in services.DiscussionThe findings of this study provide clinicians a nuanced understanding of how biological beliefs about mental illness may align with Islamic spiritual values and foster culturally responsive communication and healthcare. Barriers to treatment may be addressed for males and other underserved demographics through integrated treatment that recognizes their understandings of health, illness, and treatment.ConclusionOverall, results of the study provide support for recognizing religion along with demographic background as a cultural consideration to enhance treatment efficacy.
Diagnostic value of combined pelvic floor ultrasound parameters for pelvic floor dysfunction and risk factors
Authors: Lin Chunhong , Huang Weiyan , Li Xianguo , Wang Linlin , Yan Fengqin , Zhou Xiaowen , Jiang Weihong , Zhao Yaoyao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters in combination for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), and to explore the risk factors.MethodsForty PFD patients treated from April2019to December 2020(case group) and another 40 healthy women (control group) were enrolled. Their clinical data were collected, and both groups received three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound of the pelvic floor. The diagnostic value of pelvic floor ultrasound parameters for PFD was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The risk factors of PFD were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the parameters in combination for predicting PFD were 0.851 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.743–0.959], 0.901, and 0.812, respectively, indicating acceptable accuracy. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that spontaneous delivery, lateral episiotomy/laceration, and large bladder neck rotation angle, posterior urethrovesical angle (PUA), bladder neck tilt angle, bladder neck distance (BND), levator hiatus area (LHA) (at anal contraction), R‐LHA and V‐LHA were risk factors for PFD (p < 0.05), while physical exercise was a protective factor (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the forest map model were 0.822 (95% CI: 0.759–0.885), 0.942, and 0.601, respectively, indicating acceptable accuracy of the model. Internal data validation of the model demonstrated consistence of the predicted occurrence of PFD with the actual one.ConclusionsSpontaneous delivery, lateral episiotomy/laceration, and large bladder neck rotation angle, PUA, bladder neck tilt angle, BND, LHA (at anal contraction), R‐LHA and V‐LHA were risk factors for PFD.
Educational content of professional ethics in postgraduate dental education
Authors: Momeni Nafiseh , Larijani Bagher , Razmi Hasan , Mohammadi Farnoosh , Mirzazadeh Azim , Asghari Fariba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeInclusion of proper educational content with respect to professional ethics in dental curricula is an important step to achieve objectives of ethics education especially in postgraduate programs when the time and opportunities for explicit instruction of ethics are limited. This study aimed to find and discuss the topics of ethics and professionalism for dental postgraduate programs.MethodsA modified Delphi survey of experts’ opinions with three rounds was conducted to establish a consensus on the need to teach professional ethics topics. The topics were identified through a literature review and according to the opinion of the experts. Items scored as highly important by over 80% of the participants in each round of the survey were considered educational needs.ResultsA total of 154 ethical issues were identified and classified into 29 topical categories to design the initial questionnaire. A consensus was developed on 24 ethics and professionalism topics for inclusion in the professional ethics curriculum for all dental postgraduate programs.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, the same educational content in professional ethics is needed for all dental residency programs in all specialties. Most of the topics on which experts reached a consensus to be included in the ethics educational content were related to ethical and professional standards of conduct.
Comparison of viral inactivation methods on the characteristics of extracellular vesicles from SARS‐CoV‐2 infected human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Kongsomros Supasek , Pongsakul Nutkridta , Panachan Jirawan , Khowawisetsut Ladawan , Somkird Jinjuta , Sangma Chak , Kanjanapruthipong Tapanee , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Chairoungdua Arthit , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Newburg David S. , Morrow Ardythe L. , Hongeng Suradej , Thitithanyanont Arunee , Chutipongtanate Somchai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with extracellular vesicles (EVs) is of particular interest at the moment. Studying SARS‐CoV‐2 contaminated‐EV isolates in instruments located outside of the biosafety level‐3 (BSL‐3) environment requires knowing how viral inactivation methods affect the structure and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, three common viral inactivation methods, ultraviolet‐C (UVC; 1350 mJ/cm2), β‐propiolactone (BPL; 0.005%), heat (56°C, 45 min) were performed on defined EV particles and their proteins, RNAs, and function. Small EVs were isolated from the supernatant of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected human lung epithelial Calu‐3 cells by stepwise centrifugation, ultrafiltration and qEV size‐exclusion chromatography. The EV isolates contained SARS‐CoV‐2. UVC, BPL and heat completely abolished SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity of the contaminated EVs. Particle detection by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking was less affected by UVC and BPL than heat treatment. Western blot analysis of EV markers was not affected by any of these three methods. UVC reduced SARS‐CoV‐2 spike detectability by quantitative RT‐PCR and slightly altered EV‐derived β‐actin detection. Fibroblast migration‐wound healing activity of the SARS‐CoV‐2 contaminated‐EV isolate was only retained after UVC treatment. In conclusion, specific viral inactivation methods are compatible with specific measures in SARS‐CoV‐2 contaminated‐EV isolates. UVC treatment seems preferable for studying functions of EVs released from SARS‐CoV‐2 infected cells.
Ganoin and acrodin formation on scales and teeth in spotted gar: A vital role of enamelin in the unique process of enamel mineralization
Authors: Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Sasagawa Ichiro , Mikami Masato , Nakatomi Mitsushiro , Ishiyama Mikio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGars and bichirs develop scales and teeth with ancient actinopterygian characteristics. Their scale surface and tooth collar are covered with enamel, also known as ganoin, whereas the tooth cap is equipped with an enamel‐like tissue, acrodin. Here, we investigated the formation and mineralization of the ganoin and acrodin matrices in spotted gar, and the evolution of the scpp5, ameloblastin (ambn), and enamelin (enam) genes, which encode matrix proteins of ganoin. Results suggest that, in bichirs and gars, all these genes retain structural characteristics of their orthologs in stem actinopterygians, presumably reflecting the presence of ganoin on scales and teeth. During scale formation, Scpp5 and Enam were initially found in the incipient ganoin matrix and the underlying collagen matrix, whereas Ambn was detected mostly in a surface region of the well‐developed ganoin matrix. Although collagen is the principal acrodin matrix protein, Scpp5 was detected within the matrix. Similarities in timings of mineralization and the secretion of Scpp5 suggest that acrodin evolved by the loss of the matrix secretory stage of ganoin formation: dentin formation is immediately followed by the maturation stage. The late onset of Ambn secretion during ganoin formation implies that Ambn is not essential for mineral ribbon formation, the hallmark of the enamel matrix. Furthermore, Scpp5 resembles amelogenin that is not important for the initial formation of mineral ribbons in mammals. It is thus likely that the evolution of ENAM was vital to the origin of the unique mineralization process of the enamel matrix.