bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Analysis of Methotrexate Self-injection Education Videos on YouTube
Authors: Wilson Hillary , Semaka Amy , Katz Steven Joseph 
Published: April 2022

Background
Patients are increasingly turning to the Internet for health guidance, requiring awareness from clinicians of constantly changing resources and quality of available information. A previous study demonstrated a minority of YouTube videos were useful for teaching methotrexate (MTX) self-injection; however, YouTube content constantly evolves, and previous results may not represent current videos. This study provides an update on previous work from 2014 evaluating the quality of YouTube videos demonstrating self-administered subcutaneous MTX injections. Our aim was to evaluate how YouTube videos on MTX injection have changed and evaluate the current video quality.

Methods
“Methotrexate injection” was searched on YouTube. The first 75 videos were analyzed independently by 2 reviewers. Videos were classified as useful, misleading/irrelevant, or a personal patient view and rated for reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality.

Results
Of the 75 videos reviewed, 12 were classified as useful (16%), 43 misleading/irrelevant (57.3%), and 20 personal patient views (26.7%). Although this represents a substantial increase from previous results in the proportion of videos deemed misleading/irrelevant (57.3% vs. 27.5%) (p = 0.0011), their reliability and global quality scores were higher.

Conclusions
Concordant with the previous study, only a small proportion of the total videos were deemed useful videos for MTX injection specifically. However, reliability and global quality scores for all videos increased from the previous study, suggesting more videos provide reliable information with regard to MTX overall, even if it does not speak to self-injection directly. Logistics of the YouTube algorithm may still impede access to the “best” videos for patient teaching; therefore, clinicians should be prepared to recommend strategies for patients to find high-quality videos.
Dyadic Enrollment in a Phase 3 Mild Cognitive Impairment Clinical Trial
Authors: Hakhu Navneet R. , Gillen Daniel L. , Grill Joshua D. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study
Published: April 2022

Background:
Dyadic enrollment of a participant and study partner is required in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) clinical trials, despite participants being functionally independent. Research examining how the study partner requirement impacts MCI trials remains limited.

Methods:
Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study donepezil and vitamin E MCI trial data, we quantified the proportions of enrolled spouse, adult child, and other dyads. We used multinomial regression to identify which baseline participant characteristics (age, sex, race and ethnicity, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, education, residence type) were associated with dyad type.

Results:
Among 769 randomized dyads, 73% were spousal, 14% adult child, and 13% other dyads. Adjusting for multiple comparisons, underrepresented racial and ethnic background (eg, comparing Hispanic to non-Hispanic White participants: adult child vs. spouse odds ratio = 5.86; 95% confidence interval: 2.09, 16.5; other vs. spouse odds ratio = 4.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.83, 13.4), female sex, age, nonhouse residence, and apolipoprotein E ε4 noncarriage were each associated with a higher odds of having an adult child, as well as an other, study partner at enrollment.

Discussion:
Increasing participation among nonspousal dyads may facilitate more inclusive and representative MCI trial samples.
Pallidal neuromodulation of the explore/exploit trade-off in decision-making
Authors: Marcelino Ana Luísa de A. , Gray Owen , Al-Fatly Bassam , Gilmour William , Steele J Douglas , Kühn Andrea A. , Gilbertson Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEvery decision that we make involves a conflict between exploiting our current knowledge of an action’s value or exploring alternative courses of action that might lead to a better, or worse outcome. The sub-cortical nuclei that make up the basal ganglia have been proposed as a neural circuit that may contribute to resolving this explore-exploit ‘dilemma’. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of neuromodulating the basal ganglia’s output nucleus, the globus pallidus interna, in patients who had undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS) for isolated dystonia. Neuromodulation enhanced the number of exploratory choices to the lower value option in a 2-armed bandit probabilistic reversal-learning task. Enhanced exploration was explained by a reduction in the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) in a reinforcement learning drift diffusion model. We estimated the functional connectivity profile between the stimulating DBS electrode and the rest of the brain using a normative functional connectome derived from heathy controls. Variation in the extent of neuromodulation induced exploration between patients was associated with functional connectivity from the stimulation electrode site to a distributed brain functional network. We conclude that the basal ganglia’s output nucleus, the globus pallidus interna, can adaptively modify decision choice when faced with the dilemma to explore or exploit.
Cerebral activity in monkeys Papio anubis during the perception of conspecific and heterospecific agonistic vocalizations: A functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy study
Authors: Debracque Coralie , Gruber Thibaud , Lacoste Romain , Meguerditchian Adrien , Grandjean Didier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAre conspecific emotional vocalizations special? Although often investigated in non-human primates using functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, it remains unclear whether the listening of conspecific vocal emotions leads to similar or different cerebral activations when compared to heterospecific calls (i.e. expressed by another primate species). Using a neuroimaging technique rarely employed in monkeys so far, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), the present study investigated cortical temporal activities during exposure to both conspecific and heterospecific calls in three female adult baboons (Papio anubis). The three subjects were lightly anesthetized and passively exposed to agonistic baboon and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) vocalizations, as well as energy matched white noises in order to control for this low-level acoustic feature. Despite inter-individual variabilities, permutation test analyses on the extracted OxyHemoglobin signal revealed for two subjects out of three significant differences between the passive listening of baboon versus chimpanzee stimuli. Additionally, in one subject, a modulation of the left temporal cortex activity was found for the perception of baboon calls contrasted to chimpanzee vocalizations as well as for the passive listening of baboon white noises compared to chimpanzee ones. Although the lack of generalization of those findings in all three subjects prevents us to drawn any conclusion and that more subjects would be needed, the hypothesis that baboons’ cortical temporal regions may be more sensitive to the processing of conspecific sounds compared to heterospecific stimuli is not excluded. Our study highlights that fNIRS may be a promising alternative to further investigate the auditory mechanisms at play in the right and left baboons’ temporal cortices for the processing of emotional vocalizations.
The primary care annual dementia review: a qualitative study of the views and experiences of service users and providers
Authors: Wheatley Alison , Brunskill Greta , Dow Johanne , Bamford Claire , Poole Marie , Robinson Louise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn England and Wales, the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) financially rewards GP practices for long-term conditions management, including completion of annual dementia reviews. There is limited evidence about how this works in practice and whether it meets patients’ and carers’ needs.MethodsData from five qualitative datasets were integrated and analysed thematically. Data comprised interviews, focus groups, and observations with 209 participants, including commissioners, managers and frontline staff in dementia services; people with dementia; carers; and policy experts.FindingsFour main themes were developed: (i) perceived benefits of annual review; (ii) variability and (in)visibility of annual review; (iii) logistics; and (iv) external influences and constraints.Variability in both the completion and quality of QOF annual dementia reviews was attributed by some to limited nuance in the current QOF dementia indicator. Many patients and carers were unaware that an annual dementia review had occurred. Participants suggested that many GPs lack the required competencies and/or capacity for successful dementia reviews.ConclusionsWork is urgently needed to improve the quality of annual dementia reviews. Potential strategies include changing the financial reimbursement to reflect both quality and quantity, so the review is tailored to the needs of the individual and their family; the creation of standardised templates; collaborative working within primary care and across sectors; and integrating dementia reviews into other long-term conditions.Key pointsQOF annual dementia reviews are a key opportunity for providing support for people with dementia in England and WalesCurrent provision of annual reviews varies both in completion rates and qualityStrategies for improvement include improving quality indicators, implementing standardised templates, and improving primary care capacity and capability to carry out reviews
Burden and bacteriological profile of sepsis among adult medical emergencies presenting to a national referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nyesiga Sharon , Nakibuuka Jane , Kajumbula Henry , Ssenyonga Ronald , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection can result from any infection. In 2017, an estimated 48.9 million incident cases of sepsis and 11.8 million sepsis-related deaths were reported globally. Bacterial infection is the major cause of sepsis. Data about sepsis burden is derived almost exclusively from studies in high-income countries yet mortality from sepsis is disproportionately higher in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sepsis, bacteriological profile of causes, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and in-hospital outcomes among adult medical emergencies presenting to Kiruddu National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study between December 2018 and July 2019 in which patients presenting to the medical emergency ward with sepsis were consecutively enrolled; blood was drawn for aerobic blood cultures, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined and patients were followed up for in-hospital outcomes.ResultsOf 1,657 patients screened during the study period, 243(14.7%) had sepsis, the median age was 45 years (IQR 32,65) and the majority were female (55.6%). Among patients with sepsis; 46 (18.9%) had positive aerobic blood cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (31/46, 67.4%) with a predominance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (20/31, 64.5%). Of the 243 patients followed up, 143 (58.9%) died in hospital with an average length of stay of 4.9 days (SD 5.5) for those who died and 10.2 (SD 7.6) for those that were discharged alive. None of the patients was admitted to ICU.ConclusionsSepsis was common (14.7%) among adult medical emergencies and it was associated with a high in-hospital mortality rate (58.9%). Positive blood cultures were predominantly Staphylococcus aureus and nearly a third of these were Methicillin-Resistant.
Diagnosis and treatment of opioid-related disorders in a South African private sector medical insurance scheme: a cohort study
Authors: Tlali Mpho , Scheibe Andrew , Ruffieux Yann , Cornell Morna , Wettstein Anja E , Egger Matthias , Davies Mary-Ann , Maartens Gary , Johnson Leigh F , Haas Andreas D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of opioids is increasing globally, but data from low- and middle-income countries on opioid-related mental and behavioural disorders (hereafter referred to as opioid-related disorders) are scarce. This study examines the incidence of opioid-related disorders, opioid agonist use, and excess mortality among persons with opioid-related disorders in South Africa’s private healthcare sector.MethodsWe analysed longitudinal data of beneficiaries (≥ 11 years) of a South African medical insurance scheme using reimbursement claims from Jan 1, 2011, to Jul 1, 2020. Beneficiaries were classified as having an opioid-related disorder if they received an opioid agonist (buprenorphine or methadone) or an ICD-10 diagnosis for harmful opioid use (F11.1), opioid dependence or withdrawal (F11.2-4), or an unspecified or other opioid-related disorder (F11.0, F11.5-9). We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for factors associated with opioid-related disorders, estimated the cumulative incidence of opioid agonist use after receiving an ICD-10 diagnosis for opioid dependence or withdrawal, and examined excess mortality among beneficiaries with opioid-related disorders.ResultsOf 1,251,458 beneficiaries, 1,286 (0.1%) had opioid-related disorders. Between 2011 and 2020, the incidence of opioid-related disorders increased by 12% (95% CI 9%-15%) per year. Men, young adults in their twenties, and beneficiaries with co-morbid mental health or other substance use disorders were at increased risk of opioid-related disorders. The cumulative incidence of opioid agonist use among beneficiaries who received an ICD-10 diagnosis for opioid dependence or withdrawal was 18.0% (95% CI 14.0-22.4) 3 years after diagnosis. After adjusting for age, sex, year, medical insurance coverage, and population group, opioid-related disorders were associated with an increased risk of mortality (aHR 2.28, 95% CI 1.84-2.82). Opioid-related disorders were associated with a 7.8-year shorter life expectancy.ConclusionsThe incidence of patients diagnosed with or treated for an opioid-related disorder in the private sector is increasing rapidly. People with opioid-related disorders are a vulnerable population with substantial psychiatric comorbidity who often die prematurely. Evidence-based management of opioid-related disorders is urgently needed to improve the health outcomes of people with opioid-related disorders.
Investigation on microstructure and corrosion behavior of rolled Mg-1.5Zn-xCa-xCe alloy
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Peng Cheng , Huang Jin , Zhao Yanchun , Han Tingzhuang , Wang Guangang , Wu Liang , Huang Guangsheng 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of microalloyed Ca and Ce on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-1.5Zn alloy. Mg-1.5Zn-xCa-xCe alloys were prepared by melting, extrusion and rolling processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of adding Ca and Ce elements alone or adding Ca and Ce elements simultaneously on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-1.5Zn-xCa-xCe (x = 0 or 0.2 Wt.%) alloys were studied by scanning electron microscopy, hydrogen evolution tests and electrochemical experiments.

Findings
The addition of Ca and Ce elements alone or the addition of Ca and Ce elements had little impact on the grain size of the rolled and annealed Mg-1.5Zn-xCa-xCe alloy, but had a greater effect on the type and quantity of the second phase.

Originality/value
The order of the corrosion rates for the three alloys was Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca < Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Ce < Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ce. Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca showed the best corrosion resistance, which was related to the second phase and corrosion products.
The Egyptian stock market's reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abouelfarag Hanan AbdelKhalik , Qutb Rasha 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on Egyptian stock market returns and volatility between July 2018 and June 2021.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to examine the impact of COVID-19 on two basic stock market indices (EGX30 and EGX100). In addition, the heteroskedasticity corrected model (HCM) was employed to differentiate between the effects of each subsequent wave of the pandemic.FindingsThe results of the GARCH model revealed that all COVID-19 variables have a significant impact on the daily returns of EGX100, but an insignificant impact on that of EGX30. The mortality rate and transmission speed increased the market volatility of EGX30 daily returns. The results of the HCM confirmed that the Egyptian stock market reacted more nervously to the first wave than to the second, while the impact was not detected in the third wave.Practical implicationsThis study provides useful insights to investors and policymakers in handling the negative influence of unanticipated events. To retain economic stability, the Egyptian government can impose fiscal stimuli and consider policies to combat the impact of the pandemic.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first attempts to differentiate between the effects of subsequent waves of the pandemic on the stock market in Egypt, one of the largest economies in Africa.
Blending absorptive capacity with open innovation: a bibliometric review
Authors: Bhadauria Shraddha , Singh Vinay 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the relationship between open innovation (OI) and absorptive capacity (AC) using a bibliometric analysis of existing literature.Design/methodology/approachThe bibliometric analysis is used to review the covered research articles in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The time span covered over 20 years from the year 2000 to 2020.FindingsThe study suggests that it is an attracting and growing field for researchers, and there exists a close relationship between OI and AC. Further, the literature has parted into three research streams (1) AC and OI: dependency and interchangeability; (2) OI and its future avenues (3) OI and AC: critical factor for firm innovation performance which elaborate various future scopes to study.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's limitations exist with the biasness in database selection criteria, such as the possible non-inclusion of crucial articles.Practical implicationsThe study’s implications are to discern close association and path dependency of AC and OI; and facilitate the innovation performance of the firm via developing of AC.Originality/valueThe approach used is a novelty, and the conclusions can better understand the relationship between both terms (OI and AC). Thus, it can help increase firm innovation performance.
Standardization of regulatory nodes for engineering heterologous gene expression: a feasibility study
Authors: Nikel Pablo I. , Benedetti Ilaria , Wirth Nicolas T. , de Lorenzo Víctor , Calles Belén 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe potential of LacI/Ptrc, XylS/Pm, AlkS/PalkB, CprK/PDB3 and ChnR/PchnB regulatory nodes, recruited from both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, as the source of parts for formatting expression cargoes following the Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA) has been examined. The five expression devices, which cover most known regulatory configurations in bacteria were assembled within exactly the same plasmid backbone and bearing the different functional segments arrayed in an invariable DNA scaffold. Their performance was then analysed in an Escherichia coli strain of reference through the readout of a fluorescence reporter gene that contained strictly identical translation signal elements. This approach allowed us to describe and compare the cognate expression systems with quantitative detail. The constructs under scrutiny diverged considerably in their capacity, expression noise, inducibility and ON/OFF ratios. Inspection of such a variance exposed the different constraints that rule the optimal arrangement of functional DNA segments in each case. The data highlighted also the ease of standardizing inducer‐responsive devices subject to transcriptional activation as compared to counterparts based on repressors. The study resulted in a defined collection of formatted expression cargoes lacking any cross talk while offering a panoply of choices to potential users and help interoperability of the specific constructs.
Economic Critical Resources for the Industrial Exploitation of Natural Gas Hydrate
Authors: CHEN Xuejun , LU Hailong , ZHANG Jiecheng , YE Jianliang , XIE Wenwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the implementation of several pilot production tests were in natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs in terrestrial and marine settings, the study of NGH has entered a new stage of technological development for industrial exploitation. Prior to the industrial exploitation of any given NGH reservoir, the economic feasibility should be examined. The first step of economic evaluation of a NGH reservoir is to know whether its resource amount meets the requirement for industrial exploitation. Unfortunately, few relevant studies have been conducted in this regard. In this study, the net present value (NPV) method is employed to estimate the economic critical resources required for the industrial exploitation of NGHs under different production scenarios. Sensitivity analysis is also performed in order to specify the effects of key factors, such as the number of production wells, gas price, technological improvement and tax incentive, on the economic critical resources. The results indicate that China requires the lowest economic critical resource for a NGH reservoir to be industrially exploited, ranging from 3.62 to 24.02 billion m3 methane. Changes in gas price and tax incentives also play significant roles in affecting the threshold and timeline for the industrial exploitation of NGH.
Geochemical Characteristics and Gas‐to‐Gas Correlation of Two Leakage‐type Gas Hydrate Accumulations in the Western Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: LAI Hongfei , QIU Haijun , LIANG Jinqiang , KUANG Zenggui , FANG Yunxin , REN Jinfeng , LU Jing'an 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, a series of highly saturated leakage‐type gas hydrates have been discovered in the western Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), South China Sea. Based on the molecular compositional and isotopic characteristics of the gas samples relevant to the gas hydrates collected from the two leakage‐type gas hydrate accumulations in the GMGS5 and GMGS6 drilling zones, a detailed geochemical gas‐to‐gas correlation was conducted in this study, in order to further understand the geochemical characteristics and possible hydrocarbon sources of these gas hydrates. The natural gas relevant to the gas hydrates in the GMGS5 block is characterized by wet gas (67.96% < %C1 < 98.58%, C1/C1+ < 0.9) and significant molecular and carbon isotope fractionation within the depth profile, whereas the gas samples from the GMGS6 block exhibit the characteristics of dry gas (99.25% < %C1 < 99.81%, C1/C1+ > 0.9) and lack molecular and carbon isotope fractionation. Approximately 40%–60% of the methane within the gas hydrate is of microbial origin, while the C2+ gas components are typical coal‐type gas that are derived from thermogenic source rocks or deeply‐buried natural gas fields. In addition, typical in situ primary microbial methane (–80.6‰ < δ13C‐C1 < −67.7‰) was discovered in well Wb, which was applied to estimate the contribution of the microbial gas to the gas hydrates. The gas‐to‐gas correlation results show that the hydrate gases within the two leakage‐type gas hydrate accumulations in the GMGS5 and GMGS6 blocks are geochemically different, suggesting that they may have been derived from different source kitchens. Our results further indicate that the deeply‐buried thermogenic gas significantly contributed to the shallowly‐buried gas hydrates in the western QDNB and multiple effective thermogenic source kitchens provided the hydrocarbon gas in the gas hydrate accumulations.