bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity evaluation of a novel latanoporst 0.005% nanoemulsion
Authors: Tau Julia , Aguilar Alejandro , Berra Alejandro , del Papa Melina Sol , Passerini María Silvia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new Latanoprost Benzalkonium chloride (BAK)‐free nanoemulsion and to compare it with a Latanoprost solution containing BAK.MethodsNormal Human Conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA‐NHC) were incubated for 15, 30, and 60 minutes with 1:6 dilutions of either latanoprost solution containing BAK (LSc), (latanoprost 0.005%, BAK 0.02%, Xalatan, Pfizer) or latanoprost nanoemulsion (LNe), (latanoprost 0.005%, potassium sorbate 0.18%; Louten Emulsion, POEN). Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Cell death was measured by flow cytometry using annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide.ResultsCytotoxicity evaluation: the values of cell viability and proliferation obtained from cells exposed to LNe were between 80 and 90% relative to control group, whereas values obtained from cells exposed to LSc were around 30% relative to control group at all study times (p < 0.05 at 15 and 30 minutes; p < 0.01 at 60 minutes).Cell death evaluation: the percentage of viability was significantly lower in cells exposed to LSc compared with those incubated with LNe at all study times (p < 0.05 at 15 and 30 minutes; p < 0.01 at 60 minutes). Viability of cells exposed to LNe was higher than 90% at all study times, whereas there was a time‐dependent decrease in cells exposed to Lsc. The percentage of viable cells in the LNe group was comparable to the viability of control group (93.1%) at all study times. No statistical differences between groups reached in early apoptotic cells. A significant increase of late apoptosis and necrosis cells were observed at all study times for those incubated with Lsc (p < 0.05; p < 0.01 at 30 and 60 minutes).ConclusionsThe new latanoprost nanoemulsion is significantly less cytotoxic on human conjunctival cells than LSc. It suggests that the new formulation could be gentler on the eye surface than currently available BAK preserved latanoprost solutions, with levels of cytotoxicity equivalent to control.
Valve cyclodialysis with implantation of a non‐absorbable collagen implant in the cyclodialysis tunnel in surgical management of open‐angle glaucoma: long‐term results
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Shradqa Ahmad , Frolov Mikhail , Dushina Galina , Bezzabotnov Andrej 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess long‐term efficacy and safety of valve cyclodialysis (VC) with implantation of a non‐absorbable collagen implant (NCI) in cyclodialysis tunnel (CT) in decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) in open‐angle glaucoma patients.MethodsSixty‐one patients (25 male, 36 females; average age ‐ 73.4±8.8 years; 61 eyes) were included in this study. Surgical technique included dissection of a superficial scleral flap, creation of a scleral valve (2*1mm) out of deep scleral layers 4 mm away from limbus, creation of a CT (2*4mm) and implantation of a NCI in the CT. The scleral valve helped to minimize trauma to ciliary body while inserting NCI. Among other patients, 20 patients (32.8%) with failed filtering surgeries and 45 patients (73.8%) with cataract were included. Thirty‐three patients (54.1%) had advanced stage of glaucoma. Post‐operative follow‐up was up to 24 months. Outcome measures were: IOP change, reduction in hypotensive medication use, need for repeat surgery and intra‐ and postoperative complications. The data were processed by the method of variation statistics.ResultsBaseline mean IOP was 28.0±5.5 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.8‐29.2]. At 18 and 24 months, mean IOP decreased to 19.2±1.8 mmHg (n=61, 95% CI 18.1‐19.0) and 18.9±1.8 mmHg (n=30, 95% CI 18.2‐19.5), making a decrease by 29.5±11.4% and 28.0±12.4% respectively. The hypotensive drugs use was reduced from 2.6±0.9 to 0.5±1.0 and 0.5±1.0 respectively. Repeat surgery was required in 2 cases at 18 months. Intraoperative hemorrhage while creating the CT was observed in 6 patients (9.8%). In the early postoperative period hyphema was prevalent in 1 patient, shallow AC – in 2 patients, hypotony – in 1 patient, and some exudative reaction in 3 patients. No complication was noticed in any of the cases in the late postoperative period.ConclusionsLong‐term results showed that VC with implantation of a NCI in the CT is an effective and safe surgical glaucoma procedure.
A modified non‐penetrating bleb less glaucoma surgery to activate uveolymphatic outflow of aqueous humor – short‐term clinical and optical coherence tomography evaluation results
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Abu Zaalan Kamal Abdulmuhsen , Frolov Mikhail , Shradqa Ahmad , Dushina Galina , Bezzabotnov Andrej 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the safety and effectiveness of a modified bleb less glaucoma surgery in decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) in open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) patients having visually significant cataract (VSC).MethodsTwenty OAG patients with VSC underwent combined surgery. After fashioning out a superficial scleral flap, a scleral bridge (4*1 mm) 2 mm away and parallel to limbus was dissected from deep scleral layers. Sclera posterior to bridge was excised exposing uvea. Deep sclerectomy anterior to bridge deroofing the Schlemm’s canal was performed. No trabeculo‐Descemet’s window was created. A strip of dry collagen implant (5*2*0.1 mm) was inserted under the scleral bridge. Superficial scleral flap was sutured back. YAG laser trabeculotomy was performed after 7–10 days after surgery. Minimum follow‐up – 3 months. Surgery sites were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Outcome measures: IOP change, reduction in hypotensive drugs use, complications and need for repeat surgery.ResultsAt 3 (n = 20) and 6 months (n = 13) mean IOP decreased from 26.5 ± 8.2 mmHg to 13.6 ± 4.8 mmHg and 15.3 ± 3.5 mmHg, making a decrease by 46.1 ± 18% and 37.8 ± 22.7%; the hypotensive drugs use reduced from 2.8 ± 0.9 to 0.3 ± 0.8 and 0.5 ± 1.1 and target IOP with or without medications could not be achieved in 1 patient (5%) and 4 patients (30.7%) respectively. No complication was encountered intraoperatively. Postoperative period was smooth. On OCT no bleb was detected in any of the case. Instead lymphatic vessels with bicuspid valves were detected near to surgery sites. With time the lymphatics reduced in size and number. In failure cases, there were no detectable lymphatics vessels.ConclusionsThe proposed technique is safe and effective in managing glaucoma in cataract patients. The absence of bleb formation and aqueous humor outflow via lymphatics was confirmed by OCT. For predictable hypotensive outcomes, every caution should be taken in glaucoma surgery to preserve the lymphatics.
Characteristics and variability of iridocorneal angle: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Meriem Ouederni , Fehmy Nafaa , Maamouri Rym , Hela Sassi , Mrad Insaf , monia cheour 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to assess the iridocorneal angle by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS‐OCT) and to identify relations between angle measurements and subject factors in a healthy Caucasian Tunisian population.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was performed in 201 right eyes of 201 healthy subjects.All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, automated refraction, ultrasound biometry and AS‐OCT examination at the same day. The iridocorneal angle measurements including trabecular iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance 500 (AOD500) and trabecular iris space area 500 (TISA500) were manually measured using AS‐OCT. Correlations and associations were examined between angle measurements and demographic, clinical and ocular factors.ResultsThe means recorded were TIA = 34.6 ± 11.4 degrees, AOD500 = 515 ± 260.7 µm and TISA = 500 0.178 ± 0.091 mm². We found that 90.3% of the iridocorneal angles were open.Correlations were detected between angle means and age (R = −0.414; p < 0.01), intraocular pressure (R = −0.145; p < 0.01), spherical error (R = −0.410; p < 0.01), anterior chamber depth (R = 0.734; p < 0.01), axial length (R = 0.489; p < 0.01) and lens thickness (R = −0.519; p < 0.01).No relation was observed with sex (p = 0.084).ConclusionsAS‐OCT is a non‐invasive tool to identify subjects at risk of angle closure. In this Caucasian population, 90.3 % of the iridocorneal angles were open. AOD 500 and TISA 500 were as reliable as TIA in iridocorneal angle assessment. The angle width was correlated with demographic and ocular factors. Among the main limitations, was the fact that we did not measure the lens vault despite the known contribution of this factor to angle width variation.
Evolution of practice and management of neovascular glaucoma: a landmark review
Authors: Ramji Saajan , Nagi Gurnoor , Ansari Abdus Samad , Lee Elsa , Kailani Obeda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeA comprehensive systematic review (SR) was completed evaluating patient outcomes following medical and surgical interventions targeted at controlling iris neovascularization (NVI) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG).MethodsData sources used were MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies included both surgical and medical treatments in patients with NVI and NVG. Outcomes measured were intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, failure rates, loss of visual acuity and disease regression. The SR was registered with PROSPERO.ResultsThe majority of studies retrieved during this time period were population based. A total of 159 studies were included with 148 studies being population based. 59.5% of studies were retrospective in nature and 40.5% were prospective. There were 7 randomised controlled trials and 4 non‐randomised controlled trials. The mean number of patients and eyes studied were 39 ± 42 (range 3–386) and 40 ± 47 (3–428) respectively. The mean follow‐up for all studies was 18.2 ± 24.1 (range 0.25–216) months. Significant differences were observed between glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs), diode laser and trabeculectomy in IOP lowering efficacy and failure rates; particularly with the advent of Anti‐VEGFs.ConclusionsThe unpredictable, uncommon nature of NVG is a significant limitation to high‐quality evidence on the subject. Our findings are primarily based on real‐life, non‐RCT data. We present a necessary update on the medical and surgical treatment of neovascular glaucoma particularly with increased incidence in the era of COVID‐19.
Treatment of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension with preservative‐free tafluprost/timolol fixed dose combination in a real‐world setting: analysis by diagnostic sub‐group at study entry
Authors: Oddone Francesco , Saborio Gabriela , Pavicic‐Astalos Jasna , Scorcia Vincenzo , Moreno‐Valladares Antonio , Holló Gabor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe VISIONARY study assessed the efficacy of the preservative‐free tafluprost/timolol fixed‐dose combination (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in patients with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) who were inadequately controlled with prostaglandin analogue (PGA) or beta‐blocker (BB) monotherapy. This analysis examined IOP reduction by diagnosis and prior treatment type.MethodsIOP was recorded at baseline for adults (≥18 years) receiving topical PGA or BB monotherapy for OAG/OHT and treatment was switched to PF tafluprost/timolol FC. IOP was recorded at Weeks 4, 12 and 24. The primary endpoint was mean absolute change in IOP from baseline at Month 6. Baseline diagnoses were OHT (n = 110), primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG; n = 425), normal tension glaucoma (NTG; n = 13), or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEX; n = 19).ResultsMean (SD) baseline IOP was 21.5 (5.00) mmHg, 22.3 (4.30) mmHg, 17.2 (2.68) mmHg and 21.7 (4.13) mmHg for patients with POAG, OHT, NTG and PEX, respectively. Respective Month 6 relative IOP reductions were 25.4%, 26.1%, 15.8% and 17.6%. Mean (SD) baseline IOP was 21.9 (4.36) mmHg and 21.4 (4.48) mmHg for BB and PGA users, respectively. Month 6 respective IOP reduction from baseline was 6.6 (4.16) mmHg (28.5%) and 5.4 (4.04) mmHg (23.6%) (p < 0.0001). PF tafluprost/timolol FC was generally well tolerated; 14 patients discontinued due to poor local tolerance or insufficient IOP control.ConclusionsIn this real‐world study, PF tafluprost/timolol FC was effective and well‐tolerated in patients previously uncontrolled on BB or PGA monotherapy, irrespective of initial diagnosis and type of previous topical medication. Patients with OHT, POAG, NTG and PEX showed IOP reductions at Week 4 that were maintained throughout the study period.BibliographyOddone F, et al. Treatment of Open‐Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension with Preservative‐Free Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed‐Dose Combination Therapy: The VISIONARY Study. Adv Ther.2020;37(4):1436–51.
Optic nerve head assessment in Light‐field fundus images – A case study
Authors: Dietzel Alexander , Schramm Stefan , Blum Maren‐Christina , Link Dietmar , Klee Sascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeA suspicious optic nerve head (ONH) appearance, with abnormal cupping or increased cup‐to‐disc ratio, is associated to a strong risk factor for glaucoma. Typical devices to analyse the structure of the ONH are optical coherence tomography or scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Those devices provide parameters to describe the status of an ONH like its depth, width or volume. We show that these parameters for glaucoma diagnosis can be obtained with a commercial fundus camera using an adapted light field (LF) camera providing a one‐shot 3d retinal image.MethodsWe examined a human eye (32 years, male) 5 times during one session in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The images were taken with a fundus camera (FF450, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany) combined with an industrial LF camera (RX12, Raytrix GmbH, Germany). The generic depth estimation was performed with the Raytrix LF software (RxLive 5.0.031.0) using the Depth Raycast Light algorithm. The results were exported as 3d point lists in ascii XYZ format and for further processing imported in Matlab (R2018b, MathWorks, U.S.). The imported data were pre‐processed, the papilla midpoints automatically detected and the optic nerve head was horizontally sliced in 0.01 virtual depth steps starting from the base upwards until the papilla rim was reached. We compared the overall virtual depth, the virtual volume and the virtual area per virtual depth step, each as relative difference.ResultsAll LF images showed visually a very good image quality. The depth estimations were successful and covered the complete image areas. The overall virtual depth range was 95.9% to 101.4% with mean of 100% (±2.36%). The overall virtual volume range was 97.5% to 102.2% with mean of 100% (±2.1%). The area per virtual depth range was 2.5% to 174.5% with mean of 100% (±10.9%) whereas the larger deviations appeared in the lowermost slices.ConclusionsFundus cameras with LF technique are able to provide one‐shot 3d retinal images. This light field images allow the evaluation of typical parameters for glaucoma diagnosis and show a very good reproducibility.
Relation between Histone deacetylase expression in uveal melanoma and the presence of infiltrating leukocytes
Authors: Souri Zahra , Jochemsen A.G. , Verdijk Rob , Jager Martine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeUveal Melanoma is a rare ocular malignancy; high‐risk monosomy 3 tumors often show an increased density of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of epigenetic modifiers, some of which are increased in monosomy 3 UM. We compared HDAC expression in Uveal Melanoma (UM) with the presence of infiltrating leukocytes. We furthermore determined whether expression was modifiable by interferon‐gamma.MethodsThe expression of nine HDACs and CD3E, CD8 and CD68 leukocyte markers was determined using an Illumina HT12V4 array in 64 primary UM. In addition, HDAC and infiltrate data were obtained from the TCGA for 80 cases. Four UM cell lines were treated with two doses of IFNɤ (50 IU, 200 IU), for 48 hrs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used for mRNA measurement of HDAC expression in‐vitro.ResultsHDACs 1, 3, 7, and 8 were positively associated with CD3E, CD8A and CD68 leukocyte markers (P ≤ 0.05). Analysis from the TCGA similarly showed that HDACs 1, 3, and 8 were positively correlated with the presence of CD3E and CD8A.When looking at the possible effect of IFNɤ on four UM cell lines (OMM1, OMM2.5, MP38 and Mp46) we found that (in contrast to HLA‐A and HLA‐B mRNA expression which was induced in all four cell lines), HDACs 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8 were induced in two out of four UM cell lines (OMM2.5 and MP38).ConclusionsAs HDACs were previously shown to be upregulated in high‐risk monosomy 3 UM tumors, we wondered whether they are associated with the presence of tumor‐infiltrated lymphocytes and macrophages. Our findings indicate that several HDACs show positive correlation with tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages. As these HDACs were sensitive to induction, there may be a role for the infiltrating leukocytes in the upregulation of HDACs in Uveal melanoma.
Cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor of primary open‐angle glaucoma patients as a prognostic factor for trabeculectomy outcome
Authors: Burgos‐Blasco Barbara , Vidal Beatriz , Sáenz‐Francés Federico , Fernandez‐Vigo Jose Ignacio , Espino Laura , Feijoo Julian Garcia , Martinez‐de‐la‐Casa Jose Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor before trabeculectomy and correlate cytokine levels with the surgical outcome.MethodsProspective study. Twenty‐nine patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy were included. Levels of 27 cytokines were measure in tear an aqueous humor using the Bio‐Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27‐Plex Immunoassay kit (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA).Results29 patients who underwent trabeculectomy were included and their first‐year follow‐up visits were recorded. Mean age was 76.0 ± 7.0 years (range 56–84), mean intraocular pressure was 18.2 ± 3.6 mmHg and mean number of topical medications was 2.3 ± 0.9. At the one‐year visit, 5 patients were classified as surgical failure. In aqueous humor, preoperative cytokine levels of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were significantly higher in those patients with surgical failure at one year. IL‐8 in tear and interferon gamma‐induced protein (IP‐10) in aqueous humor correlated positively with one‐year IOP reduction. No statistically significant correlations were found with changes in visual field mean defect or global peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (all, p > 0.05).ConclusionsPreoperative RANTES levels in aqueous humor as well as other cytokines could serve as useful biomarkers for trabeculectomy outcome.
Benefits and new features of modern international internet data‐base “IOLCon” for updated and optimized IOL constants
Authors: Scholtz Sibylle , Eppig Timo , Schwemm Michael , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeBy inventing optical biometry about 20 years ago cataract surgery has changed fundamentally. Today, by establishing the most modern up‐to‐date internationally available database for IOL constants, “IOLCon” meets nowadays standards and requirements of a WEB based database for intraocular lens specifications and constants and provides essential data for successful cataract surgery. Biometer manufacturers are implementing the open XML interface to integrate IOLCon into their devices.MethodsClose cooperation with Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Homburg/Saar (Germany).ResultsHaigis´ ULIB (User Group for Laser Interference Biometry) was the first database of its time to set a milestone in providing optimized constants for cataract surgery. From today's perspective, it no longer meets modern requirements. By launching IOLCon in 2017 a modern data base is worldwide available today which is open to all IOL and biometer manufacturers. By its self‐explanatory functionality it is providing its users all relevant lens parameters. IOLCon fulfills the requirements of a modern biometry database and established itself as an indispensable tool for cataract surgeons by today.ConclusionsSince its launch, IOLCon has grown steadily: As of February 2021, IOLCon offers data on approximately 489 IOL models from 29 manufacturers with almost 21.000 clinical data and optimizations for 121 IOL models. Thus, by implementing IOLCon a biometry database is now available, which will also meet the future demands of ongoing developing ophthalmo‐surgery. Today, IOLCon is a globally available internet‐based database which meets all requirements of modern ophthalmic surgery, it can be accessed at: https://iolcon.org.
Molecular diagnoses in the congenital malformations caused by ciliopathies cohort of the 100 000 genomes project
Authors: Best Sunayna , Lord Jenny , Roche Matthew , Watson Christopher , Poulter James , Szymanska Katarzyna , Ellingford Jamie , Carmichael Jenny , Brittain Helen , Toomes Carmel , Inglehearn Chris , Johnson Colin , Wheway Gabrielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo improve molecular diagnostic rates for participants recruited to the UK 100 000 Genomes Project suspected to have congenital malformations caused by ciliopathies.MethodsBespoke variant filtering and analysis strategy.ResultsEighty‐three pre‐screened probands were recruited in the following disease categories: Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (n = 45), Joubert syndrome (n = 14) and Rare Multisystem Ciliopathy Disorders (n = 24). We determined a research molecular diagnosis for n = 43/83 (51.8%) of probands, n = 33 (39.8%) classified as confident or probable diagnoses. The diagnosis rate is 19.3% higher than the n = 27/83 (32.5%) previously reported by Genomics England. Interestingly, 19/43 (44.2%) of diagnoses are not ciliopathies. 4 patients have causative variants in eye disease genes not directly linked to cilia (PRPF8, RHO, PROM1, OPA1) and 15 in genes causative of non‐ciliopathy multisystemic conditions. This may reflect difficulties in clinical recognition of ciliopathies and highlights the importance of looking beyond the initial panel. n = 11/83 probands (13.3%) had at least one causative variant outside of the Tiers 1 and 2 variant annotation categories (defined by the Genomics England Rare Disease Tiering Process), which would otherwise be excluded in standard diagnostic strategies. These include 4 SVs and 3 predicted by SpliceAI to cause non‐canonical splicing defects. We found two homozygous truncating variants in the candidate ciliopathy genes LRRC45 and CFAP45 in a single proband. Identification of further individuals with ciliopathy phenotypes with pathogenic variants in these genes would strengthen confidence in their status as ciliopathy disease genes.ConclusionsThis study shows the value of research collaborations to improve interpretation of genomic data. Improved integration of SV and splice variant analysis tools, such as SpliceAI, will be essential to maximise the diagnostic potential of WGS data beyond coding variants in exons of virtual panels of genes.