bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of coated heat flux gauges for fast responding measurements
Authors: Siroka Shawn , Berdanier Reid A , Thole Karen A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thermal systems often exhibit transient behaviors that have important implications for the operation of the system and can be difficult to predict. For these reasons, experimental testing is often required to ensure system durability requirements are achieved. One important parameter governing the survivability of components in hot, high-stress environments is the heat flux into the part that dictates the temperature distribution for the component. However, sensors required to experimentally characterize heat fluxes in extreme environments must also be resilient. This study presents the development of coated heat transfer gauges capable of robust, high-frequency measurements in turbine research facilities. The addition of a protective coating increases the durability of the gauge, but inherent of that coating is the attenuation of high-frequency temperature penetrations. As a result, this study first outlines the use of analytical solutions to define a gauge design for a specific frequency range and heat transfer, ensuring that subsurface signals can be rectified to surface conditions through inverse methods. Then, the fabrication of polyimide substrate sensors with a parylene-F coating is described. Micro surface heaters added to the custom sensors were used to determine important geometric and thermal properties necessary to calculate accurate surface heat flux. Ultimately, this work shows increased sensor robustness in a turbine test bed and experimentally validates that the frequency response of the fabricated sensors meet the design intent.
Molecular dynamics simulations to assess the radiation resistance of different crystal orientations of diamond under neutron irradiation
Authors: Liu Taiqiao , Shao Tian , Lyu Fanglin , Lai Xiaojing , Shen Andy H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The evolution of defects in diamond under neutron irradiation was studied via molecular dynamics simulation, with under temperatures of 300–1600 K, primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies of 1–5 keV, and incident orientations in [111], [110], and [100]. The results reveal that the formation of Frenkel pairs is insensitive to temperature but strongly dependent on PKA energy and direction. While interstitials are difficult to cluster in diamond, the size and number of vacancy clusters correlate positively with the PKA energy. Moreover, a decrease in thermal spikes is observed, which is ascribed to the fact that most interstitials can bond with surrounding carbon atoms, which prevents them from moving back to the vacancy in the [111] and [100] directions. Consequently, thermal spikes decrease or disappear as the energy increases. This trend shows directional differences. The radiation resistance of diamond with respect to the direction is [110] > [111] > [100] below 1000 K, and [110] > [111] ≈ [100] at temperatures higher (1600 K). This research can be applied in radiation damage prediction and the radiation-related defect interpretation of diamonds.
ρ-bounded orbits and Arnold tongues for quasiperiodically forced circle maps*
Authors: Zhou Tong , Hu Wen-Juan , Huang Qi-Ming , Qin Wen-Xin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For quasiperiodically forced (qpf) continuous circle maps with degree one, the set of fibred rotation numbers is a closed interval or a singleton. We show in this paper that if a number ρ is in the interior of this interval, then there exist ρ-bounded orbits. We also discuss extensions of the structure of Arnold tongues for qpf circle homeomorphisms to qpf continuous circle maps with degree one.
Deep multimodal learning for lymph node metastasis prediction of primary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wu Xinglong , Li Mengying , Cui Xin-wu , Xu Guoping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. The incidence of primary thyroid cancer has risen steadily over the past decades because of overdiagnosis and overtreatment through the improvement in imaging techniques for screening, especially in ultrasound examination. Metastatic status of lymph nodes is important for staging the type of primary thyroid cancer. Deep learning algorithms based on ultrasound images were thus developed to assist radiologists on the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. The objective of this study is to integrate more clinical context (e.g., health records and various image modalities) into, and explore more interpretable patterns discovered by, deep learning algorithms for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in primary thyroid cancer patients. Approach. A deep multimodal learning network was developed in this study with a novel index proposed to compare the contribution of different modalities when making the predictions. Main results. The proposed multimodal network achieved an average F1 score of 0.888 and an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.973 in two independent validation sets, and the performance was significantly better than that of three single-modality deep learning networks. Moreover, among three modalities used in this study, the deep multimodal learning network relied generally more on image modalities than the data modality of clinic records when making the predictions. Significance. Our work is beneficial to prospective clinic trials of radiologists on the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in primary thyroid cancer, and will better help them understand how the predictions are made in deep multimodal learning algorithms.
Nanoparticle radiosensitization: from extended local effect modeling to a survival modification framework of compound Poisson additive killing and its carbon dots validation
Authors: Pan Hailun , Wang Xufei , Feng Aihui , Cheng Qinqin , Chen Xue , He Xiaodong , Qin Xinglan , Sha Xiaolong , Fu Shen , Chi Cuiping , Wang Xiaowa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. To construct an analytical model instead of local effect modeling for the prediction of the biological effectiveness of nanoparticle radiosensitization. Approach. An extended local effects model is first proposed with a more comprehensive description of the nanoparticles mediated local killing enhancements, but meanwhile puts forward challenging issues that remain difficult and need to be further studied. As a novel method instead of local effect modeling, a survival modification framework of compound Poisson additive killing is proposed, as the consequence of an independent additive killing by the assumed equivalent uniform doses of individual nanoparticles per cell under the LQ model. A compound Poisson killing (CPK) model based on the framework is thus derived, giving a general expression of nanoparticle mediated LQ parameter modification. For practical use, a simplified form of the model is also derived, as a concentration dependent correction only to the α parameter, with the relative correction (α″/α) dominated by the mean number, and affected by the agglomeration of nanoparticles per cell. For different agglomeration state, a monodispersion model of the dispersity factor η = 1, and an agglomeration model of 2/3 < η < 1, are provided for practical prediction of (α″/α) value respectively. Main results. Initial validation by the radiosensitization of HepG2 cells by carbon dots showed a high accuracy of the CPK model. In a safe range of concentration (0.003–0.03 μg μl−1) of the carbon dots, the prediction errors of the monodispersion and agglomeration models were both within 2%, relative to the clonogenic survival data of the sensitized HepG2 cells. Significance. The compound Poisson killing model provides a novel approach for analytical prediction of the biological effectiveness of nanoparticle radiosensitization, instead of local effect modeling.
Investigation on property of electron beam plasma with diamond window
Authors: Zhu B L , Yan S Q , Chen Y , Zhu X D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The properties of Ar plasma generated by electron beam with initial energy of 45 keV passing through a 5 μm-thick diamond film window was investigated by experimental diagnostic and Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the plasma light emission intensity enhances with increasing the electron beam current, while the plasma shape has no significant change. When the gas pressure increases, the plasma shrinks and becomes brighter, and its shape gradually changes from cone-shape to semi prolate spheroid. The electron density increases with increasing gas pressure and electron current. When the gas pressure is higher than 10 kPa, the electron density can reach the order of 1010 cm−3 at an electron current of 0.3 mA. Under high-pressure conditions, the plasma range with respect to gas pressure satisfies well a simple inverse relationship. The electron energy deposition distribution obtained by Monte Carlo simulation is consistent with the measured plasma light emission intensity distribution. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to analyze collision process in the electron beam plasma. The line intensities of the 2p
2, 2p
6 and 2p
10 levels grow relatively with increasing gas pressure, indicating that the atom-atom collisional processes are enhanced.
Gate modulation of anisotropic superconductivity in Al–Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 nanoplate–Al Josephson junctions
Authors: Li Na , Tan Zhen-Bing , Chen Jing-Jing , Zhao Tong-Yang , Chu Chun-Guang , Wang An-Qi , Pan Zhen-Cun , Yu Dapeng , Liao Zhi-Min 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2, hosting a pair of Dirac cones and Fermi arc-like surface states, displays numerous exotic properties in transport experiments. In particular, when proximitized with a superconductor, Cd3As2 is expected to realize topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes, which are essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, using electronic transport measurements on superconductor Al–Cd3As2 nanoplate–Al heterostructures, we investigate the effect of gate modulation and magnetic field on the superconducting properties of Cd3As2. A proximity-induced superconducting state is well achieved in the junction, which can be effectively tuned by the gate voltage. The critical current oscillations under out-of-plane magnetic fields are well fitted with the Fraunhofer function. The critical supercurrent shows a slower decay as the gate voltage is tuned to negative under in-plane magnetic fields, which may arise from the enhanced contribution of surface states. Anisotropic superconductivity is also observed with in-plane rotating magnetic fields. Our results report the gate modulation of supercurrents in different magnetic field directions, which should be valuable for further exploring the topological superconductivity in Dirac semimetals.
Optomechanical strong coupling between a single photon and a single atom
Authors: Argüello-Luengo Javier , Chang Darrick E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Single atoms coupled to a cavity offer unique opportunities as quantum optomechanical devices because of their small mass and strong interaction with light. A particular regime of interest in optomechanics is that of ‘single-photon strong coupling’, where motional displacements on the order of the zero-point uncertainty are sufficient to shift the cavity resonance frequency by more than its linewidth. In many cavity QED platforms, however, this is unfeasible due to the large cavity linewidth. Here, we propose an alternative route in such systems, which instead relies on the coupling of atomic motion to the much narrower cavity-dressed atomic resonance frequency. We discuss and optimize the conditions in which the scattering properties of single photons from the atom-cavity system become highly entangled with the atomic motional wave function. We also analyze the prominent observable features of this optomechanical strong coupling, which include a per-photon motional heating that is significantly larger than the single-photon recoil energy, as well as mechanically-induced oscillations in time of the second-order correlation function of the emitted light. This physics should be realizable in current experimental setups, such as trapped atoms coupled to photonic crystal cavities, and more broadly opens the door to realizing qualitatively different phenomena beyond what has been observed in optomechanical systems thus far.
The effect of manganese ions (II) on representatives of aquatic biota
Authors: Kosarev A V , Ivanov D E , Kamenets A F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The work is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of the impact of manganese (II) on representatives of freshwater biota. Manganese plays an important role in the aquatic environment, since it determines the course of the most important metabolic processes in hydrobiont organisms of varying degrees of organization. The analysis of processes involving manganese has shown that the main chemical factors affecting the accumulation of manganese in the aquatic environment are anaerobic biochemical processes caused by active silting of the riverbed due to the washout of organic substances from agricultural fields. The use of various physiological endpoints in daphnids is considered as an inexpensive and simple alternative, the criterion of which corresponds to the rule “replacement, reduction, refinement”. It has been shown that manganese (II) ions in the concentration range of 0.1-1000 LOCvr do not have an acute toxic effect on D. magna crustaceans, chronic toxicity is manifested in samples with concentrations of more than 10 LOCvr. The acute toxicity of solutions of manganese (II) salts in relation to S. Quadricauda was revealed by the change in the fluorescence level of microalgae at a concentration of Mn2+ from 0.05 mg/l.
Modernization of the automated control system for compound feed transfer
Authors: Goncharov A V , Butyaikin V V , Kochetkova E V , Korotkiy A A , Bugaeva A V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rational use of the fodder supply, enrichment of fooder with probiotics and other nutrients can increase the efficiency of livestock and poultry farming. The increasing demand for compound feed stimulates not only the creation of new enterprises for their production, but also the intensification of production at existing enterprises. When introducing automation systems at enterprises for the animal feed production everywhere including Russia, a typical mistake is the automation of the main production process and the preservation of the auxiliary processes of loading raw materials and finished products’ shipment at the mechanization level. The development of computer programs for the practical implementation of required control algorithms can be implemented in universal and special programming languages. As a result of this work, the general algorithms for managing the transferring processes of compound feed at the finished product area were structured. The main subtasks were highlighted, for which the solution algorithms were developed. The use of algorithms for solving the main problems made it possible to form a general algorithm for managing compound feed transfer at the finished product area. As a result, an algorithm for the automated control of feed distribution to consumers was obtained.
Features of planning an experiment to develop a new paint and varnish composition for the formation of protective and decorative coatings on wood products
Authors: Bashkirova K A , Gazeev M V , Sviridov A V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the features of experiment planning in the development of paint compositions for the formation of protective and decorative coatings on wood products. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance of the study, problems are identified when finishing wood with epoxy paints and varnishes and requirements for them are given, as well as a characteristic of the substrates on which the coating was formed during the experiment. The chemical composition of the paint composition based on epoxy resin is considered. The authors proposed a structural scheme of the coating, as well as the technology of its formation with the expected operating parameters. An experiment plan has been developed and variables and constant factors have been selected. The limiting concentrations of the components of the paint and varnish composition based on epoxy resin have been determined.
Automated assessment system of energy parameters of the tractor fleet
Authors: Elkin O V , Savchenko O F 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe expediency of operational control of the energy parameters of the agricultural enterprise’s MTP under operating conditions is shown, which allows timely repair and maintenance measures to reduce power losses. An algorithm for automating the monitoring of energy indicators of tractor engines has been developed, including the main technological procedures for each unit of household equipment. An automated system has been formed based on the proposed algorithm and the diagnostic device for energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of the agricultural enterprise developed at SibFTI. The issues of practical application of the system in the agricultural enterprise are considered.
Diversity and distribution of fig (Ficus spp) in University of Sumatera Utara (USU) green space
Authors: Susilowati A , Rangkuti A B , Rachmat H H , Dwiyanti F G , Harahap M M , Iswanto A H , Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Ginting I M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The genus of Ficus is a significant component in the tropical rainforest ecosystem, consisting of many species and distributed across altitudes. Genus Ficus also has an important role in ecological services such as food sources for animals, habitat restoration, and sources of medicine. As the green space in Medan, The University of Sumatera Utara (USU) campus supports those ecological services by maintaining species diversity. This research aims were to identify and determine the distribution Ficus genus in the USU campus green space. For this purpose, field inventory methods were adopted along 120 hectares of the campus area. Morphological identification through observation and measurement of tree organs was used to identify fig species. Species distribution was calculated based on the relative abundant formula. The result showed that there was 124 individual fig belonging to 8 species found in USU campus. The most abundant species was F. benjamina (55.64%), with the Relative Density (RD) value was 0.94. The lowest value is F. hispida (0.8%), and the RD value was 0.01. The diversity index of ficus was 0.124 and classified into low.
Growth Index of Indigenous Tree Species in Urban Planting
Authors: Ang L H , Tang L K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Growths can be quantified by various vegetative parameters such as collar diameter, girth, diameter at breast height (dbh), crown diameter, total photosynthetically active leaf area (TPALA), live-crown ratio (LCR), and total height (TH). These are useful growth indicators for tree species. For forestry purposes, top height, first branch height, and diameter at breast height are the indicators of growth and yield. However, there is yet to have a formula to comprehensively quantify the overall growth parameters of the tree species for environmental and ornamental plantings. The dbh, TPALA, LCR, TH, basal area (BA), and volume (V) are parameters that describe the health and vegetative growth and yield of the tree. Hence, this study aims to propose a growth index (GI) to quantitatively capture the overall growth of the tree. The formula that would capture the overall growth of the tree in the planting is proposed to be GI= dbh*LCR*NPALA*TH or GI=BA*LCR*NPALA*V. The ranking of their GI can be objectively carried out for each species. Hence, this study proposes that GI be used as an index for ranking the growth performance of tree species for ornamental and environmental plantings.
Germination Test of Two Different Types of Seed to Accelerate Reclamation and Rehabilitation of Ex-limestone Mining Land
Authors: Amin S F A , Mansur I , Pamoengkas P , Yusmur A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The direct seeding method is a planting technique using seeds planted directly in the field without going through nursery stages. The technique was tested to rehabilitate ex-limestone mining of PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia in Bogor. The seeds used in this study were from two different categories i.e. orthodox and recalcitrant seeds. Orthodox seeds used are Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and Ketapang (Terminalia catappa), while the recalcitrant seeds used are Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa), Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi), and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). This experiment design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five tree species as treatments and each species used 20 replications. The seeds are planted on ex-limestone mining land which has soil with a dominant sand fraction. Before field planting, the germination rates of the seeds were tested in the nursery and the result was Bisbul (97%), Merbau (87%), Ketapang (83%), Jackfruit (80%), and Jengkol (50%). Merbau and Jengkol germinated three days after sowing, while Ketapang has the longest time, it takes 20 days to germinate. Results of field planting showed that the tree species with the highest to the lowest germination rate were Bisbul (100%), Merbau (85%), Jackfruit (80%), Ketapang (55%), and Jengkol (40%). Merbau and Jengkol seeds germinated the fastest and Ketapang was the slowest. It is concluded that the tree species could be planted using the direct seeding method.
Growth response of three forest seedlings to iron exposure
Authors: Salim M A , Setyaningsih L , Wahyudi I , Budi S W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fe is one of the microessential plants needed in low concentrations. The purpose of this study was to examine the growth response of three forest seedlings to iron exposure in water culture media. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with Fe dose treatment and consisted of 9 levels, namely 0, 0.5, 0.1, 1.5, and 2, with 3 replications each and each replication consisting of 3 plant units. The plants used consisted of Ochroma bicolor, Shorea macrophylla, and Senna siamea. The results of this study showed that Fe exposure treatment had a significant effect on the three seedlings on all growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and total dry weight). Increasing the concentration of Fe can reduce all growth parameters. The three seedlings have different tolerance levels. Fe exposure treatment had a significant effect on the SPAD index only on O. bicolor and S. seamea seedlings. S. macrophylla seedlings had the highest tolerance index value compared to the other two seedlings. This indicated that S. macrophylla seedlings had higher resistance than the other two seedlings to Fe exposure.