bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of copper leaching from direct-to-blister copper flash smelting slag by sulfuric acid
Authors: Gargul Krzysztof , Boryczko Bożena , Handzlik Piotr , Noga Piotr , Palimąka Piotr 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Coppermaking from sulfide concentrates entails two major steps: smelting and converting. In continuous direct-to-copper smelting process these two steps are combined into one. The principal advantages of this process are: isolation of SO2 emission to a single, continuous, SO2-rich gas stream, minimization of energy consumption and minimization of capital and operating costs. Disadvantages of the process are that about 25% of the Cu entering a direct-to-copper smelting furnace ends up dissolved in the slag (when compared with < 10% in traditional Peirce–Smith converting) and the cost of recovering this Cu is significant. Decopperization process is based on the reduction of cuprous oxide and other metals, mainly lead and iron, in the liquid state in an electric furnace in the presence of coke and technological additives. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on flash smelting slag leaching with sulfuric acid solutions. Hydrometallurgical treatment of the slag could be an alternative route to the presently used way of processing. The influence of a number of leaching parameters such as sulfuric acid concentration, amount of H2O2 added, liquid to solid phase (l/s) parameter and process temperature on the copper leaching efficiency was investigated. Under optimized process conditions, 95.6% of the copper contained in the original sample of slag was transferred into a solution. The experimental results obtained in the study were supplemented with the analysis of the kinetics of the copper leaching process from the flash smelting slag. The commonly known from the literature diffusion model and chemical reaction model were used. The activation energy of copper leaching from flash smelting slag was estimated in the range from 12.77 to 17.34 kJ/mol.
Reaping the benefits of digital transformation through Public-Private Partnership: A service ecosystem view applied to healthcare
Authors: Casprini Elena , Palumbo Rocco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ongoing digital transformation ushers unprecedented challenges for publicly owned healthcare organizations. Collaborative governance models, such as Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), advance their readiness to address such challenges, paving the way for the establishment of a viable service ecosystem. However, little is known about how PPPs enhance the publicly owned healthcare organizations’ ability to thrive amidst the digital transformation. The article investigates this issue, drawing on the exploratory case of “Lab@AOR”, a PPP established between Loccioni and the University Hospital of Marche (Italy) which focused on the robotization of a critical component of healthcare services’ delivery. Three ingredients have been found to nurture the PPP’s cohesiveness and success: (1) the alignment between the public partner’s needs and the private partner’s competences, (2) knowledge contamination, and (3) the adoption of patient-centeredness as the inspiring principle of the collaboration. The PPP represents an initial step of the transition towards a service ecosystem, entailing a fully-fledged partners’ integration for value co-generation.
Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan
Authors: Culig Luka , Sahbaz Burcin Duan , Bohr Vilhelm A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.
Polymyxin flushes for endotracheal tube suction catheters in extremely low birth-weight infants: Any benefit in preventing ventilator-associated events?
Authors: Edzards Michael J. , Jacobs Marni B. , Song Xiaoyan , Basu Sudeepta K. , Hamdy Rana F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report that receipt of polymyxin B endotracheal tube suction catheter flushes did not reduce the incidence of pediatric ventilator-associated events (PedVAE) in infants weighing <1,000 g in this retrospective study. Incidence of PedVAE in our group of extremely low birth-weight infants was 6 per 1,000 ventilator days.
WALLABY pilot survey: Public release of H i data for almost 600 galaxies from phase 1 of ASKAP pilot observations
Authors: Westmeier T. , Deg N. , Spekkens K. , Reynolds T. N. , Shen A. X. , Gaudet S. , Goliath S. , Huynh M. T. , Venkataraman P. , Lin X. , O’Beirne T. , Catinella B. , Cortese L. , Dénes H. , Elagali A. , For B.-Q. , Józsa G. I. G. , Howlett C. , van der Hulst J. M. , Jurek R. J. , Kamphuis P. , Kilborn V. A. , Kleiner D. , Koribalski B. S. , Lee-Waddell K. , Murugeshan C. , Rhee J. , Serra P. , Shao L. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wang J. , Wong O. I. , Zwaan M. A. , Allison J. R. , Anderson C. S. , Ball Lewis , Bock D. C.-J. , Brodrick D. , Bunton J. D. , Cooray F. R. , Gupta N. , Hayman D. B. , Mahony E. K. , Moss V. A. , Ng A. , Pearce S. E. , Raja W. , Roxby D. N. , Voronkov M. A. , Warhurst K. A. , Courtois H. M. , Said K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present WALLABY pilot data release 1, the first public release of H i pilot survey data from the Wide-field ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY) on the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. Phase 1 of the WALLABY pilot survey targeted three

$60\,\mathrm{deg}^{2}$

regions on the sky in the direction of the Hydra and Norma galaxy clusters and the NGC 4636 galaxy group, covering the redshift range of

$z \lesssim 0.08$

. The source catalogue, images and spectra of nearly 600 extragalactic H i detections and kinematic models for 109 spatially resolved galaxies are available. As the pilot survey targeted regions containing nearby group and cluster environments, the median redshift of the sample of

$z \approx 0.014$

is relatively low compared to the full WALLABY survey. The median galaxy H i mass is

$2.3 \times 10^{9}\,{\rm M}_{{\odot}}$

. The target noise level of

$1.6\,\mathrm{mJy}$

per 30′′ beam and

$18.5\,\mathrm{kHz}$

channel translates into a

$5 \sigma$

H i mass sensitivity for point sources of about

$5.2 \times 10^{8} \, (D_{\rm L} / \mathrm{100\,Mpc})^{2} \, {\rm M}_{{\odot}}$

across 50 spectral channels (

${\approx} 200\,\mathrm{km \, s}^{-1}$

) and a

$5 \sigma$

H i column density sensitivity of about

$8.6 \times 10^{19} \, (1 + z)^{4}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$

across 5 channels (

${\approx} 20\,\mathrm{km \, s}^{-1}$

) for emission filling the 30′′ beam. As expected for a pilot survey, several technical issues and artefacts are still affecting the data quality. Most notably, there are systematic flux errors of up to several 10% caused by uncertainties about the exact size and shape of each of the primary beams as well as the presence of sidelobes due to the finite deconvolution threshold. In addition, artefacts such as residual continuum emission and bandpass ripples have affected some of the data. The pilot survey has been highly successful in uncovering such technical problems, most of which are expected to be addressed and rectified before the start of the full WALLABY survey.
The Effect of Legislature Size on Public Spending: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Freire Danilo , Mignozzetti Umberto , Roman Catarina , Alptekin Huzeyfe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn path-breaking work, Weingast et al. argue that there is a positive relationship between legislature size and inefficiency in public expenditures. Their proposition is currently known as the ‘law of 1/n’ and has been widely debated in political science and public administration. However, recent studies have questioned the validity of the theory. In this letter, we conduct the first meta-analysis that assesses the generality of the ‘law of 1/n’. Based on a sample of thirty articles, we find no robust evidence suggesting that legislature size has either a positive or a negative effect on government budgets. Yet, the aggregate results mask considerable heterogeneity. Our findings provide moderate support for the ‘law of 1/n’ in unicameral legislatures and in upper houses, but they also indicate that studies using panel/fixed-effects models or regression-discontinuity designs report negative public spending estimates. We find only limited evidence that electoral systems impact public spending, which suggests that proportional representation systems may not be more prone to overspending than majoritarian ones.
A rare complication of Behçet’s disease in a 12-year-old girl: a large intracardiac thrombosis
Authors: Akbay Şenay , Ekici Filiz , Çomak Elif 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBehcet’s disease is a multi-systemic inflammatory disease with a clinical spectrum as a triple complex of recurrent oral, genital ulcers, and uveitis. Cardiac involvement in patients with Behcet’s disease is extremely rare and often associated with poor prognosis. Behcet’s disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right ventricular mass especially in young adults, even there is no typical clinical features of Behcet’s disease. In this case, a 12-year-old girl who admitted with chest pain and haemoptysis and then was diagnosed with intracardiac thrombus related to Behcet’s disease during follow-up was described.
At risk and overlooked: Children with disabilities and armed conflict
Authors: Ćerimović Emina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn armed conflicts and crises, children with disabilities face serious threats to their lives and safety, including those related to their inability to flee attacks, risk of abandonment, lack of access to assistive devices, lack of access to basic services and denial of education as well as experiences of stigma, abuse, psychological harm and poverty. Children with disabilities experience multiple and intersecting forms of human rights violations based on their disability and age. Since 2015, Human Rights Watch has documented the impact of armed conflict on children with disabilities in Afghanistan, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Gaza Strip in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen. While international human rights specifically call for the protection of children with disabilities in situations of armed conflict, the United Nations, governments, parties to the conflict and humanitarian actors have long neglected their specific rights and needs. There is an urgent need for the United Nations and governments to increase efforts to protect children with disabilities as part of their international commitments to protect all children impacted by hostilities. Their attention and investment in those most at risk of violence during armed conflicts will in turn enhance protection measures for everyone.
Exploration of Deep Ocean Ferromanganese Nodule Fields Using Radon as a Tracer
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Xu Bochao , Yu Huaming , Burnett William C. , Li Sanzhong , Lian Ergang , Zhu Zenghui , Zhao Shibin , Chen Guangquan , Duan Xiaoyong , Dimova Natasha , Wang Yanni , Zhuang Guangchao , Yu Zhigang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFerromanganese nodules (Fe‐Mn nodules) are considered as potential sources of in‐demand metals (such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and rare‐earth elements) that are used in high‐technology industries. The resource potential of Mn nodules in the world ocean remains uncertain due to technological and financial challenges. Here we propose an effective tracer: the natural radioactive radon isotope (222Rn) to assess the abundance of Fe‐Mn nodules on the sea floor. Significant linear relationships were observed between benthic excess 222Rn fluxes and concentrations with Fe‐Mn nodule occurrence and coverage on the global seafloor. Benthic excess 222Rn flux >107 dpm/m2/yr or bottom water 222Rn concentrations >2,000 dpm/m3 indicate the possibility of Fe‐Mn nodules occurrence at >80% and seabed coverage of >25%. Our results indicate radon, relatively easy to measure, could serve as a novel and efficient tool for targeting Fe‐Mn nodule resources in the global abyssal ocean.
Dry Deposition Methods Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy: 2. Extension to Particle Deposition Using a Single‐Point Model
Authors: Cheng Bin , Alapaty Kiran , Shu Qian , Arunachalam Saravanan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnitude of atmospheric turbulence, a key driver of several processes that contribute to aerosol (i.e., particle) deposition, is underrepresented in current models. Various formulations have been developed to model particle dry deposition; all these formulations typically rely on friction velocity and some use additional ad hoc factors to represent enhanced impacts of turbulence. However, none were formally linked with the three‐dimensional (3‐D) turbulence. Here, we propose a set of 3‐D turbulence‐dependent resistance formulations for particle dry deposition simulation and intercompare the performance of new resistance formulations with that obtained from using the existing formulations and measured dry deposition velocity. Turbulence parameters such as turbulence velocity scale, turbulence factor, intensity of turbulence, effective sedimentation velocity, and effective Stokes number are newly introduced into two different particle deposition schemes to improve turbulence strength representation. For an assumed particle size distribution, the newly proposed schemes predict stronger diurnal variation of particle dry deposition velocity and are comparable to corresponding measurements while existing formulations indicate large underpredictions. We also find that the incorporation of new turbulence parameters either introduced or added stronger diurnal variability to sedimentation velocity and collection efficiencies values, making the new schemes predict higher deposition values during daytime and nighttime when compared to existing schemes. The findings from this research may help improve the capability of dry deposition schemes in regional and global models.
Streamwise and Vertical Dispersal of Tracer Stones in an Equilibrium Bed
Authors: Viparelli Enrica , Balkus Amanda , Vázquez‐Tarrío Daniel , Hill Kimberly M. , Tal Michal , Fedele Juan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModeling transport, erosion, and deposition of nonuniform sediment over temporal intervals that are short compared to those characterizing channel bed aggradation and degradation remains an open problem due to the complex quantification of the sediment fluxes between the bed material load and the alluvial deposit. Parker, Paola, and Leclair in 2000 proposed a morphodynamic (PPL) framework to overcome this problem. This framework is used here to model the dispersal of a patch of gravel tracers in three different settings, a laboratory flume, a mountain creek, and a braided river. To simplify the problem, (a) the bed slope, bedload transport rate, and bed configuration are assumed to be constant in space and time (equilibrium), (b) sediment entrainment and deposition are modeled with a constant step length formulation, and (c) the PPL framework is implemented in a one‐dimensional (laterally averaged) model. Model validation against laboratory experiments suggests that, as the transport capacity of the flow increases, the maximum elevation‐specific density of sediment entrainment may migrate downward in the deposit. The comparison between model results and field data shows that the equilibrium solution can reasonably capture tracer dispersal. The equilibrium model can also reproduce subdiffusion and superdiffusion of a patch of tracers in the streamwise direction, depending on the magnitude of the short‐term bed level changes. Finally, the average tracer elevation in a cross‐section decreases in time because particles that are buried deep in the deposit are only rarely reentrained into bedload transport.
Dual State‐Parameter Assimilation of SAR‐Derived Wet Surface Ratio for Improving Fluvial Flood Reanalysis
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Huy , Ricci Sophie , Piacentini Andrea , Fatras Christophe , Kettig Peter , Blanchet Gwendoline , Peña Luque Santiago , Baillarin Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlooding is one of the most devastating natural hazards to which our society worldwide must adapt, especially as its severity and occurrence tend to increase with climate changes. This research work focuses on the assimilation of two‐dimensional (2D) flood observations derived from remote‐sensing images acquired during overflowing events. To do so, the resulting binary wet/dry maps are expressed in terms of wet surface ratios (WSR) over a number of floodplain subdomains. This ratio is assimilated jointly with in‐situ water‐level gauge observations to improve the flow dynamics within the floodplain. An Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) with a dual state‐parameter analysis approach is implemented on top of a TELEMAC‐2D hydrodynamic model. The EnKF control vector is composed of spatially‐distributed friction coefficients and a corrective parameter of the inflow discharge. It is extended with the hydraulic states within the floodplain subdomains. This data assimilation strategy was validated and evaluated over a reach of the Garonne river. The observation operator associated with the WSR observations, as well as the dual state‐parameter sequential correction, was first validated in the context of Observing System Simulation Experiments. It was then applied to two real flood events that occurred in 2019 and 2021. The merits of assimilating synthetic aperture radar‐derived WSR observations, in complement to the in‐situ water‐level observations, are shown in the parameter and observation spaces with assessment metrics computed over the entire flood events. It is also shown that the hydraulic state correction within the dual state‐parameter analysis approach significantly improves the flood dynamics, especially during the flood recess.
Perineuronal nets affect memory and learning after synapse withdrawal
Authors: Ruzicka Jiri , Dalecka Marketa , Safrankova Kristyna , Peretti Diego , Jendelova Pavla , Kwok Jessica C. F. , Fawcett James W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) enwrap mature neurons, playing a role in the control of plasticity and synapse dynamics. PNNs have been shown to have effects on memory formation, retention and extinction in a variety of animal models. It has been proposed that the cavities in PNNs, which contain synapses, can act as a memory store and that they remain stable after events that cause synaptic withdrawal such as anoxia or hibernation. We examine this idea by monitoring place memory before and after synaptic withdrawal caused by acute hibernation-like state (HLS). Animals lacking hippocampal PNNs due to enzymatic digestion by chondroitinase ABC or knockout of the PNN component aggrecan were compared with wild type controls. HLS-induced synapse withdrawal caused a memory deficit, but not to the level of untreated naïve animals and not worsened by PNN attenuation. After HLS, only animals lacking PNNs showed memory restoration or relearning. Absence of PNNs affected the restoration of excitatory synapses on PNN-bearing neurons. The results support a role for hippocampal PNNs in learning, but not in long-term memory storage for correction of deficits.
Pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in incident all-cause dementia among older US adults across income groups
Authors: Beydoun May A. , Beydoun Hind A. , Banerjee Sri , Weiss Jordan , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDifferential racial and socioeconomic disparities in dementia incidence across income groups and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A retrospective cohort study examining all-cause dementia incidence across income groups was conducted linking third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III) to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-Medicare data over ≤26 y of follow-up (1988–2014). Cox regression and generalized structural equations models (GSEM) were constructed among adults aged≥60 y at baseline (N = 4,592). Non-Hispanic Black versus White (NHW) adults had higher risk of dementia in age and sex-adjusted Cox regression models (HR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.15–1.55,P < 0.001), an association that was attenuated in the SES-adjusted model (HR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.01–1.34,P = 0.092). SES was inversely related to dementia risk overall (per Standard Deviation, HR = 0.80, 95% CI:0.69–0.92,P = 0.002, Model 2), mainly within the middle-income group. Within the lowest and middle-income groups and in socio-economic status (SES)-adjusted models, Mexican American participants were at lower all-cause dementia risk compared with their NHW counterparts. GSEM models further detected 3 pathways explaining >55% of the total effect of SES on dementia risk (Total effect = −0.160 ± 0.067,p = 0.022), namely SES→LIFESTYLE→DEMENTIA (Indirect effect (IE) = −0.041 ± 0.014,p = 0.004), SES→LIFESTYLE→COGN→DEMENTIA (IE = −0.006 ± 0.001,p < 0.001), SES→COGN→DEMENTIA(IE = −0.040 ± 0.008,p < 0.001), with the last two remaining significant or marginally significant in the uppermost income groups. Diet and social support were among key lifestyle factors involved in socio-economic disparities in dementia incidence. We provide evidence for modifiable risk factors that may delay dementia onset differentially across poverty-income ratio groups, underscoring their importance for future observational and intervention studies.
Ascertaining cells’ synaptic connections and RNA expression simultaneously with barcoded rabies virus libraries
Authors: Saunders Arpiar , Huang Kee Wui , Vondrak Cassandra , Hughes Christina , Smolyar Karina , Sen Harsha , Philson Adrienne C. , Nemesh James , Wysoker Alec , Kashin Seva , Sabatini Bernardo L. , McCarroll Steven A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrain function depends on synaptic connections between specific neuron types, yet systematic descriptions of synaptic networks and their molecular properties are not readily available. Here, we introduce SBARRO (Synaptic Barcode Analysis by Retrograde Rabies ReadOut), a method that uses single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal directional, monosynaptic relationships based on the paths of a barcoded rabies virus from its “starter” postsynaptic cell to that cell’s presynaptic partners. Thousands of these partner relationships can be ascertained in a single experiment, alongside genome-wide RNAs. We use SBARRO to describe synaptic networks formed by diverse mouse brain cell types in vitro, finding that different cell types have presynaptic networks with differences in average size and cell type composition. Patterns of RNA expression suggest that functioning synapses are critical for rabies virus uptake. By tracking individual rabies clones across cells, SBARRO offers new opportunities to map the synaptic organization of neural circuits.