bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Comparative Study to Observe the Obstetric Complication Associated with Extreme (<18 - >35) Maternal Age
Authors: Yousfani Nazia Azam , Zafar Mehwish , Irshad Faisal , Soomro Rasheed Ahmed , Ahmed Azra , Wagan Fareeda 
Published: June 2022

Aim: To assess the frequency and association of obstetric complications in extreme of maternal ages.
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of district Nawabshah, Sindh and Suleman Roshan Medical College during the period April 2019- May 2020. The data regarding adverse obstetric outcomes of all teenage (<18 years) compared with the reference group of (19-22 years) and women of (>35 years) were compared with reference (31-34 years of age) delivering at the facility. The frequencies, percentages were derived as part of descriptive statistics, chi-square was used for parametric testing with 0.05 level of significance and odds ratio were applied to compare the risk of extreme age groups with their respective reference groups.
Results: A total of 104 participants were recruited in this study among 16.3% accounted for teenage (<18 years) and 34.6% accounted for advanced maternal age (> 35 years). Multivariate association between maternal age groups and the adverse obstetric variables were taken into account. Elevated rates for all adverse obstetric outcomes were observed between the variables among extreme-age mothers compared to reference group. The differences were statistically significant with p-value of 0.001 respectively. The chi-square test was found to be insignificant for other factors such as socio demographics, obstetric history and mode of delivery. Odds ratio was calculated to measure the risk associated with extreme age. Those women who were <18 years of age attributed 3.2 odds of developing fetal complications and 3.9 odds of developing maternal complication whereas women >35 years of age attributed 3.7 odds of developing fetal and odds 10.7 developing maternal complications.
Conclusion: Women in extreme age group were at a higher risk for developing adverse fetal and maternal obstetric complications as compared to their reference group.
The habitat use and trophic niche comparisons among closely related land snails in Northeast Asia
Authors: Morii Yuta , Ohkubo Yusaku , Kanaya Gen , Prozorova Larisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe diversification of phenotypes and species has been a major concern in evolutionary biology. Both resource competition and predator–prey interactions have been suggested as mechanisms that drive phenotypic divergence and speciation, but the latter has attracted much less attention than the former. TheKaraftohelixland snails in Northeast Asia provide an excellent model to investigate the effects of competition and predation on the divergence process. This is because (1) all species—especiallyKaraftohelix edithaandKaraftohelix gainesiin northern Japan—are closely related and sometimes indistinguishable by genital morphologies and neutral nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, despite the distinct phenotypes among species; (2) two different anti‐predatory strategies (i.e., passive and active defenses) are observed for each species in this group; and (3) multiple species have generally overlapping distributions and were often observed at exactly the same time and place. In this study, we conducted quantitative quadrat surveys and carbon/nitrogen stable isotope analyses to compare the microhabitat and trophic niches amongKaraftohelixland snails and estimated the cause of adaptive radiation in this taxon. All the results indicated that the differences in microhabitats and trophic niches amongKaraftohelixland snails—especially between the most closely related sister species,K. edithaandK. gainesiin northern Japan—were too small to promote the adaptive radiation in this group. Therefore, it is difficult to explain the extreme divergence of phenotypes and species amongKaraftohelixland snails in Northeast Asia based on environmental adaptation through resource competition and/or reproductive interference.
Continuous Self‐Oxygenated Double‐Layered Hydrogel under Natural Light for Real‐Time Infection Monitoring, Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy, and Hypoxia Relief in Refractory Diabetic Wounds Healing
Authors: Zhu Zhongqiang , Wang Lu , Peng Yaou , Chu Xiaoying , Zhou Liyang , Jin Yingying , Guo Hanwen , Gao Qiang , Yang Jianhua , Wang Xinyi , Long Ziyue , Ge Yifan , Lu Si , Wang Bailiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe human health is still threatened by refractory keratitis and diabetic foot ulcers caused by bacterial infections, hypoxia, and chronic inflammation, so that patients are exposed to the risk of amputation, vision loss, and even death. Herein, an oxygen‐producing double‐layered hydrogel is developed that can visualize bacterial infections and supply oxygen to enhance antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) and inflammation alleviation for diabetic wounds healing. The inner layer hydrogel (containing oxidized sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan [CMCS] via Schiff‐base) is incorporated with a photodynamic metal–organic framework (PCN‐224) and a pH indicator (bromothymol blue). The outer layer hydrogel (containing agarose and CMCS) loads photosynthetic cyanobacteria that continuously generate oxygen to relieve hypoxia of tissue and enhance antimicrobial PDT efficiency. Meanwhile, some unique advantages are reflected by continuous oxygen supply under natural light, such as cell migration acceleration, inflammation relief, promotion of skin capillary formation, and wound tissue recovery. Therefore, the self‐oxygenated double‐layered hydrogel offers tremendous benefits in the synergistic treatment of refractory anaerobe wounds from timely infection monitoring to tissue repair.
Highly Efficient Flexible n‐Type Thermoelectric Films Formed by Encapsulation of Bi2Se3‐MWCNT Hybrid Networks in Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Buks Krisjanis , Andzane Jana , Bugovecka Lasma , Katkov Mikhail V. , Smits Krisjanis , Starkova Olesja , Katkevics Juris , Bērziņš Agris , Brauna Loreta , Voikiva Vanda , Erts Donats 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of organic–inorganic nanocomposites has shown the greatest potential for engineering efficient flexible thermoelectric devices. In this work, a novel approach of encapsulation of as‐grown bismuth selenide‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Bi2Se3‐MWCNT) hybrid network in polyvinyl alcohol for fabrication of n‐type flexible thermoelectric films is demonstrated as a successful alternative to the mechanically mixed counterparts. The developed stable flexible n‐type thermoelectric material has a Seebeck coefficient and power factor at room temperature as high as −85 μV K−1 and 0.4 μW m−1 K−2, and figure‐of‐merit, exceeding the value shown by the mixed counterpart by ≈2 orders of magnitude, while requiring 3–4 times less inorganic material in comparison with mixed composites. Charge carrier transport mechanisms and contribution of Bi2Se3 and MWCNT components of not encapsulated and encapsulated hybrid networks to the total Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductance, and power factor are studied. In addition, the fabricated flexible thermoelectric films show good environmental stability at relative humidity levels up to 60%, as well as great mechanical and electrical stability with the increase of resistance within 0.5% and deviations of the Seebeck coefficient within 2% from the initial value during the 100 repetitive bending cycles.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Naturally Occurring Layered Mineral Stibnite (Sb2S3) for Highly Sensitive and Fast Room‐Temperature Acetone Sensing
Authors: Li Jialong , Niu Yue , Zeng Junwei , Wang Jianqiang , Wang Quan , Liu Xiangcheng , Li Hao , de Rooij Nicolaas Frans , Wang Yao , Zhou Guofu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe analysis of exhaled acetone is used as a noninvasive diagnosis for diabetes. Compared with traditional breath analysis tools, chemiresistive gas sensors have attracted more attention for real‐time monitoring, owing to the possibility of integration and facile operation. However, most reported room‐temperature acetone gas sensors suffer from complicated preparation, costly raw materials, or relatively long response and recovery time. In this work, naturally occurring layered mineral stibnite is used to prepare Sb2S3 by a one‐step method of electrochemical cathodic exfoliation. As‐prepared Sb2S3 displays an amorphous feature with porous, hierarchical nanostructure, and its formation mechanism is rationally proposed. The porous, hierarchical and amorphous Sb2S3‐based gas sensors show excellent gas sensing performance toward acetone at room temperature, with the high response up to 1.46 toward 100 ppm acetone, and fast gas response and recovery toward acetone at room temperature (7 s for response and 30 s for one response–recovery cycle), which is one of the top three shortest response times among the reported room‐temperature acetone gas sensors. The electrochemical cathodic exfoliation may offer a new strategy for facile preparation of mineral materials, and the discussed devices may hold great promise for developing cost‐effective and high‐performance acetone sensors at room temperature.
Robust Microfluidic Integrated Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Sensors for Rapid, In Situ and Label‐Free Monitoring of DNA Hybridization
Authors: Doumbia Amadou , Webb Michelle , Behrendt Jonathan M. , Wilson Richard J. , Turner Michael L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EGOFETs) are subject to intense research for biosensing in fluids. The ability of these devices to quantify a variety of chemical and biological molecules sensitively and selectively, but ex situ, has been widely demonstrated. However, continuous monitoring of analyte‐receptor interactions in real time by EGOFETs, in high demand for practical applications, has rarely been explored. Here, an EGOFET array integrated with a microfluidic device, for real‐time detection of the hybridization of DNA is presented. The integrated devices exhibit highly reproducible electrical performance in the array and can operate under different electrical stresses over >1 h with 85–96% figures of merit retention. The utility of the devices is demonstrated to detect the hybridization of a complementary target DNA in 10 × 10−3 m phosphate‐buffered saline (1× PBS) selectively with a temporal resolution of <1 s in a flow of analyte with no incubation step. The detection time is <30 s and the relative standard deviation of the sensing reproducibility is <15% under the target concentration of 100 × 10−9 m.
Photocatalysis‐Induced Nanopores toward Highly Reliable Organic Electrochemical Metallization Memory
Authors: Zeng Tao , Su Riya , Tao Ye , Lin Ya , Shan Xuanyu , Cheng Yankun , Wang Zhongqiang , Zhao Xiaoning , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical metallization (ECM) memory that possesses high reliable switching performance is in great demand for the future smart wearable and flexible electronics. The resistive switching (RS) behavior of organic ECM memory is determined by the micro‐morphology evolution of metal conductive filaments (CFs) during the operating process. However, the morphology controllability of CFs is generally deteriorated by their random distribution and unexpected overgrowth. Herein, a kind of nanoporous PVC/TiO2 nanocomposite is developed using photocatalytic method for improving the RS reliability of organic ECM memory. The introduction of engineered nanopores can effectively simplify the CFs morphology to obtain excellent uniformity, good retention, and low cycling degradation. In addition, taking advantage of the multilevel RS behavior and 200 × 200 memristive array artificial neural network (ANN), alphabetic data storage and image pattern recognition are successfully realized. The proposed approach is expected to provide novel platforms for the advance of highly reliable flexible electronics and ANN for intelligence applications.
Back‐End‐of‐Line SiC‐Based Memristor for Resistive Memory and Artificial Synapse
Authors: Kapur Omesh , Guo Dongkai , Reynolds Jamie , Han Yisong , Beanland Richard , Jiang Liudi , de Groot C. H. (Kees) , Huang Ruomeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo‐terminal memristor has emerged as one of the most promising neuromorphic artificial electronic devices for their structural resemblance to biological synapses and ability to emulate many synaptic functions. In this work, a memristor based on the back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) material silicon carbide (SiC) is developed. The thin film memristors demonstrate excellent binary resistive switching with compliance‐free and self‐rectifying characteristics which are advantageous for the implementation of high‐density 3D crossbar memory architectures. The conductance of this SiC‐based memristor can be modulated gradually through the application of both DC and AC signals. This behavior is demonstrated to further emulate several vital synaptic functions including paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), post‐tetanic potentiation (PTP), short‐term potentiation (STP), and spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP). The synaptic function of learning‐forgetting‐relearning processes is successfully emulated and demonstrated using a 3 × 3 artificial synapse array. This work presents an important advance in SiC‐based memristor and its application in both memory and neuromorphic computing.
Lung cancer and mesothelioma risks in a prospective cohort of workers with asbestos‐related lung or pleural diseases
Authors: Taeger Dirk , Wichert Katharina , Lehnert Martin , Casjens Swaantje , Pesch Beate , Weber Daniel G. , Brüning Thomas , Johnen Georg , Behrens Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsbestos causes mesothelioma and lung cancer. In the European Union, asbestos was banned in 2005, but it is still in use in many other countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the lung cancer and mesothelioma incidence risk of men with benign asbestos‐related lung or pleural diseases.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2018, 2439 male participants of a German surveillance program for asbestos workers were included in the cohort. All participants had a recognized occupational asbestos‐related disease of the pleura or lung. We estimated the mesothelioma and lung cancer risks by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsWe observed 64 incident lung cancer and 40 mesothelioma cases in the cohort. An SIR of 17.60 (95% CI: 12.57–23.96) was estimated for mesothelioma and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.98–1.62) for lung cancer. The presence of pleural plaques was associated with a strongly increased risk (SIR: 13.14; 95% CI: 8.51–19.40) for mesothelioma, but not for lung cancer (SIR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.76–1.41). The highest lung‐cancer risk (SIR: 2.56; 95% CI 1.10–5.04) was revealed for cohort members with less than 40 years since first asbestos exposure. Lung cancer risks by duration of asbestos exposure did not show a consistent time trend, but for time since last exposure a trend for mesothelioma was seen.ConclusionsCompared to the general population, we demonstrated an association between benign asbestos‐related lung or pleural disease and mesothelioma risk in workers with a history of occupational asbestos exposure. Because lung‐cancer risk is dominated by smoking habits, a possible effect of asbestos exposure may have been masked. Efforts should be made to ban production and use of asbestos worldwide and to establish safe handling rules of legacy asbestos.
Electromagnetic waves in a rotating frame of reference
Authors: Hauck J.C. , Mashhoon B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe discuss the electromagnetic measurements of rotating observers and study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a uniformly rotating frame of reference. The phenomenon of helicity‐rotation coupling is elucidated and some of the observational consequences of the coupling of the spin of a particle with the rotation of a gravitational source are briefly examined.
Mirages, anti‐mirages, and further surprises in quantum corrals with non‐magnetic impurities
Authors: Schmid M. , Kampf A.P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the local density of states (LDOS) for non‐interacting electrons in a hard‐wall ellipse in the presence of a single non‐magnetic scattering center. Using a T‐matrix analysis we calculate the local Green's function and observe a variety of quantum mirage effects for different impurity positions. Locating the impurity near positions with LDOS maxima for the impurity free corral can either lead to a reduction or an ehancement of the LDOS at the mirror image point, i.e. a mirage or anti‐mirage effect, or even suppress LDOS maxima in the entire area of the corral.
Four‐dimensional couplings among BF and matter theories from BRST cohomology
Authors: Bizdadea C. , Ciobîrcă C.C. , Cioroianu E.M. , Saliu S.O. , Săraru S.C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe local and manifestly covariant Lagrangian interactions in four spacetime dimensions that can be added to a “free” model that describes a generic matter theory and an abelian BF theory are constructed by means of deforming the solution to the master equation on behalf of specific cohomological techniques.
Vacuum electrodynamics of accelerated systems: Nonlocal Maxwell's equations
Authors: Mashhoon B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nonlocal electrodynamics of accelerated systems is discussed in connection with the development of Lorentz‐invariant nonlocal field equations. Nonlocal Maxwell's equations are presented explicitly for certain linearly accelerated systems. In general, the field equations remain nonlocal even after accelerated motion has ceased.
The quantum supersymmetric vector multiplet and some problems in non‐Abelian supergauge theory
Authors: Grigore D.R. , Scharf G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider the supersymmetric vector multiplet in a purely quantum framework. We obtain some discrepancies with respect to the literature in the expression of the super‐propagator and we prove that the model is consistent only for positive mass. The gauge structure is constructed purely deductive and leads to the introduction of scalar ghost superfields, in analogy to the usual gauge theories. The construction of a consistent supersymmetric gauge theory based on the vector model depends crucially on the definition of gauge invariance. We find some significant difficulties to impose a supersymmetric gauge invariance condition for the usual expressions from the literature.
Exact solution of position dependent mass Schrödinger equation by supersymmetric quantum mechanics
Authors: Koç R. , Tütüncüler H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA supersymmetric technique for the solution of the effective mass Schrödinger equation is proposed. Exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation corresponding to a number of potentials are obtained. The potentials are fully isospectral with the original potentials. The conditions for the shape invariance of the potentials are discussed.
Why the cuprate superconductors are unusual: an ionic approach
Authors: Geballe T.H. , Moyzhes B.Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new mobile charge carrier in hole‐doped high Tc cuprates is proposed. The configuration is based upon electrostatic considerations which show that a doped hole binds to an exciton and forms a linear, charge one singlet. In an ionic representation this exciton‐ hole (eh) particle is represented as O‐1Cu+1O‐1. The eh particle lives mostly in one dimension, being confined to either [10] rows and [01] columns of Cu‐O ions in the CuO2 layer. This model provides a simple qualitative understanding of the transport behavior reported in the literature for (La,Sr)2CuO4 and a natural explanation for the two relaxation rates suggested by the Hall data. It further offers a model for why coherence in two dimensions requires d‐wave symmetry. However additional pairing interactions in the intervening layers between the CuO2 layers are required to explain why the Tcs found in some cuprates are enhanced beyond what is expected by comparison with other cuprates. It is postulated that these interactions are based on eh partictles which occur in double chains of the 248 cuprates, and in negative U center ions in the charge reservoir layers of all the other cuprates with enhanced Tc > 100 K. We are lead to speculate that all cuprates with Tc > 100 K have pairing interactions off as well as on the CuO2 layers. The model suggests a much more enhanced Tc would be achieved with proper doping if the CuO2 layers could be modified by the addition of Cu to form Cu2O2 layers.
In situ synchrotron X‐ray studies of PbTiO3 thin films
Authors: Fong D.D. , Thompson C. , Streiffer S.K. , Eastman J.A. , Auciello O. , Fuoss P.H. , Stephenson G.B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have used in situ synchrotron x‐ray scattering to investigate PbTiO3 films grown epitaxially on SrTiO3 (001) substrates. When the films are cooled below a thickness‐dependent Curie temperature, the ferroelectric phase forms as 180° stripe domains with a well‐defined period. With further cooling, the period changes fairly abruptly from a lower to a higher value, suggesting a transition between two stripe domain phases. The periods of both stripe phases are observed to depend on the square root of film thickness, in agreement with theory.
SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films epitaxially grown on Pt epitaxial bottom layers: structural characteristics and nanoscale characterization of the ferroelectric behaviour by AFM
Authors: Duclère J.‐R. , Guilloux‐Viry M. , Bouquet V. , Perrin A. , Gautier B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (100) and (110) Pt epitaxial bottom layers. In both cases x‐ray diffraction evidenced the epitaxial growth of SBN in spite of the coexistence of mainly two orientations. SBN films on (100) Pt present usually a dominant (001) orientation with the (115) one. AFM piezoresponse images agree with the crystallographic data, i.e. only the (115) oriented grains show a piezoelectric contrast. The SBN films grown on (110) Pt lead to a more homogenous piezoresponse imaging, in agreement with the preferential (116) orientation and the microstructure.
Thermoelectric power of La2‐xSrxCuO4 at high temperatures
Authors: Kim J.S. , Kim B.H. , Kim D.C. , Park Y.W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermoelectric power (TEP) of high‐Tc superconductors has been investigated in a wide range of temperature (Tc < T < 700 K) for La2‐xSrxCuO4. For wide doping level from underdoping to heavily overdoping, TEP follows the linear‐T dependence above the broad peak temperature, Tp. At high temperatures, however, TEP shows deviation from the linear‐T dependence at a certain temperature Th, which is pronounced with doping up to x ∼ 0.2 and turns to be suppressed for further doping. The systematic change of the characteristic temperatures, Tc, Tp, and Th discussed in terms of the crossover behavior from a pseudogap state to strange metal in the underdoped regime and from strange metal to conventional metal in the overdoped regime.
Colossal magnetoresistive manganite thin‐films for infrared detection and imaging
Authors: Todd M.A. , Donohue P.P. , Wright P.J. , Crosbie M.J. , Lane P.A. , Jo M.‐H. , Pang B.S.H. , Blamire M.G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sharp metal‐to‐insulator transition observed in several colossal magnetoresistive manganite (CMR) materials has led to interest in the use of CMR thin‐films as bolometric detectors of infrared radiation. We have confirmed that with optimum growth and processing conditions, both high TCR (up to 30%/K) and low excess noise properties can be achieved in pulsed‐laser deposited La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films. These offer unprecendented levels of performance if used as resistance bolometers, however a degree of cooling from room temperature will be required to achieve maximum bolometer performance. We have shown that LaxBa1‐xMnO3 is a candidate for uncooled bolometer operation and demonstrated room‐temperature TCR values of 5%/K in both laser‐deposited and liquid‐delivery CVD deposited LBMO films. Further enhancement to these figures is expected with optimised processing.