bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary diversification of epidermal barrier genes in amphibians
Authors: Sachslehner Attila Placido , Eckhart Leopold 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) is a cluster of genes encoding components of the skin barrier in terrestrial vertebrates. EDC genes can be categorized as S100 fused-type protein (SFTP) genes such asfilaggrin, which contain two coding exons, and single-coding-exon EDC (SEDC) genes such asloricrin. SFTPs are known to be present in amniotes (mammals, reptiles and birds) and amphibians, whereas SEDCs have not yet been reported in amphibians. Here, we show that caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) have both SFTP and SEDC genes. Two to four SEDC genes were identified in the genomes ofRhinatrema bivittatum,Microcaecilia unicolorandGeotrypetes seraphini. Comparative analysis of tissue transcriptomes indicated predominant expression of SEDC genes in the skin of caecilians. The proteins encoded by caecilian SEDC genes resemble human SEDC proteins, such as involucrin and small proline-rich proteins, with regard to low sequence complexity and high contents of proline, glutamine and lysine. Our data reveal diversification of EDC genes in amphibians and suggest that SEDC-type skin barrier genes have originated either in a common ancestor of tetrapods followed by loss in Batrachia (frogs and salamanders) or, by convergent evolution, in caecilians and amniotes.
Social equity is key to sustainable ocean governance
Authors: Crosman Katherine M. , Allison Edward H. , Ota Yoshitaka , Cisneros-Montemayor Andrés M. , Singh Gerald G. , Swartz Wilf , Bailey Megan , Barclay Kate M. , Blume Grant , Colléter Mathieu , Fabinyi Michael , Faustman Elaine M. , Fielding Russell , Griffin P. Joshua , Hanich Quentin , Harden-Davies Harriet , Kelly Ryan P. , Kenny Tiff-Annie , Klinger Terrie , Kittinger John N. , Nakamura Katrina , Pauwelussen Annet P. , Pictou Sherry , Rothschild Chris , Seto Katherine L. , Spalding Ana K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCalls to address social equity in ocean governance are expanding. Yet ‘equity’ is seldom clearly defined. Here we present a framework to support contextually-informed assessment of equity in ocean governance. Guiding questions include: (1) Where and (2) Why is equity being examined? (3) Equity for or amongst Whom? (4) What is being distributed? (5) When is equity considered? And (6) How do governance structures impact equity? The framework supports consistent operationalization of equity, challenges oversimplification, and allows evaluation of progress. It is a step toward securing the equitable ocean governance already reflected in national and international commitments.
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms
Authors: Galparsoro Ibon , Menchaca Iratxe , Garmendia Joxe Mikel , Borja Ángel , Maldonado Ana D. , Iglesias Gregorio , Bald Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOffshore wind energy is widely regarded as one of the most credible sources for increasing renewable energy production towards a resilient and decarbonised energy supply. However, current expectations for the expansion of energy production from offshore wind may lead to significant environmental impacts. Assessing ecological risks to marine ecosystems from electricity production from wind is both timely and vital. It will support the adoption of management measures that minimize impacts and the environmental sustainability of the offshore wind energy sector.
Integration graph attention network and multi‐centre constrained loss for cross‐modality person re‐identification
Authors: He Di , Zhang Jingrui , Zhang Zhong , Liu Shuang , Durrani Tariq S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCross‐modality person re‐identification is a challenging task due to the large visual appearance difference between RGB and infrared images. Existing studies mainly focus on learning local features and ignore the correlation between local features. In this paper, the Integration Graph Attention Network is proposed to learn the completed correlation between local features via the graph structure. To this end, the authors learn the coarse‐fine attention weights to aggregate the local features by considering local detail and global information. Furthermore, the Multi‐Centre Constrained Loss is proposed to optimise the feature similarity by constraining the centres of modality and identity. It simultaneously utilises three kinds of centre constraints, that is intra‐identity centre constraint, modality centre constraint, and inter‐identity centre constraint, in order to reduce the influence of modality information explicitly. The proposed method is evaluated on two standard benchmark datasets, that is SYSU‐MM01 and RegDB, and the results demonstrate that the authors’ method achieves better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods, for example, surpassing NFS by 4.8% and 6.0% mAP on the single‐shot setting in All‐search and Indoor‐search modes, respectively.
Novel non‐linear control of DFIG and UPFC for transient stability increment of power system
Authors: Ghaedi Sadegh , Abazari Saeed , Arab Markadeh Gholamreza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper offers novel non‐linear control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) for transient stability increment with transient energy function (TEF) and sliding mode observer in a power system. First, the TEF technique is considered for the damping control in a power system with a synchronous generator (SG), DFIG, and UPFC, and then the controller time‐derivative signals are estimated by a second‐order sliding mode observer. The importance of the issue is in the employ of a complete UPFC model. Also, a one‐axis model is used for DFIG that is similar to the SG model. Another characteristic of the novel non‐linear technique is robust versus system topology changes and variable time delay of the control signals. To evaluate the performance of the novel non‐linear control method for increment transient stability, simulation studies are performed on a two‐machine connected to an infinite bus (TMIB), the IEEE 9‐bus, and the New England Standard 39‐bus power system. The results determine that the novel non‐linear control method decreases the first swing of fluctuations admissibly and enhancement stability margins considerably.
Sub‐synchronous control interaction in power grids including doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines
Authors: Azizi Amir Hossein , Rahimi Mohsen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegration of doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines (WTs), in series‐compensated power grids, may result in a phenomenon known as sub‐synchronous control interaction (SSCI). Indeed, SSCI, created due to interaction between WTs controllers and series‐compensated power grid, may worsen damping of sub‐synchronous resonance (SSR) oscillations. This paper deals with the analytical assessment and mitigation of SSCI phenomenon in series compensated grids comprising of DFIG‐based WTs. In this way, first, theoretical and mathematical expressions and equivalent circuits regarding the SSCI phenomenon and the impacts of the RSC and GSC controls on the SSR oscillations damping are given and then a comprehensive impedance model for the DFIG‐WT at the sub‐synchronous frequency is extracted. Next, the rotor current control is modified, and an efficient approach based on the feedback linearizing technique (FLT), different from approaches presented in the related literature, is presented to mitigate the negative role of the DFIG in SSR frequencies. By mathematical analyses and developing related formula, it is shown that the proposed approach changes the impedance of the rotor circuit to infinity at the SSR frequency. This in turn results in suppression of the SSR oscillations initiated as a result of induction generator effect and SSCI phenomenon.
Impact of climate change on site characteristics of eight major astronomical observatories using high-resolution global climate projections until 2050
Authors: Haslebacher C. , Demory M.-E. , Demory B.-O. , Sarazin M. , Vidale P. L. 
Published: August 2022

Context.Sites for next-generation telescopes are chosen decades before the first light of a telescope. Site selection is usually based on recent measurements over a period that is too short to account for long-term changes in observing conditions such as those arising from anthropogenic climate change. For astronomical facilities with a typical lifetime of 30 yr, it is therefore essential to be aware of climate evolution to optimise observing time.Aims.In this study, we analyse trends in astronomical observing conditions for eight sites. Most sites either already host telescopes that provide in situ measurements of weather parameters or are candidates for hosting next-generation telescopes. For a fine representation of orography, we use the highest resolution global climate model (GCM) ensemble available provided by the high-resolution model intercomparison project and developed as part of the European Union Horizon 2020 PRIMAVERA project.Methods.We evaluate atmosphere-only and coupled PRIMAVERA GCM historical simulations against in situ measurements and the fifth generation atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) of the European centre for medium-range weather forecasts for the period 1979–2014. The projections of changes in current site conditions are then analysed for the period 2015–2050 using PRIMAVERA future climate simulations.Results.Over most sites, we find that PRIMAVERA GCMs show a good agreement in temperature, specific humidity, and precipitable water vapour compared to in situ observations and ERA5. The ability of PRIMAVERA to simulate those variables increases confidence in their projections. For those variables, the model ensemble projects an increasing trend for all sites, which will result in progressively poorer astronomical observing conditions compared to current conditions. On the other hand, no significant trends are projected for relative humidity, cloud cover, or astronomical seeing and PRIMAVERA does not simulate these variables well compared to observations and reanalyses. Therefore, there is little confidence in these projections.Conclusions.Our results show that climate change will negatively impact the quality of astronomical observations and is likely to increase time lost due to bad site conditions. We stress that it is essential for astronomers to include long-term climate projections in their process for site selection and monitoring. We show that high-resolution GCMs can be used to analyse the effect of climate change on site characteristics of next-generation telescopes.
Gesundheitsbezogene Ziele der digitalen Prävention und
Gesundheitsförderung in Familien
Authors: Meixner Charlotte , Baumann Hannes , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Digitale Technologien gewinnen in der primären
Prävention zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Mehrheit digitaler Angebote
richtet sich an das Individuum; Zielgruppen wie Familien werden selten
adressiert, die Ermittlung und die Berücksichtigung des Bedarfs und der
Bedürfnisse sind für eine adressatengerechte Appentwicklung
bedeutend. Das Studienziel ist die Ermittlung der Grundvoraussetzungen und
gesundheitsbezogenen Ziele der befragten Familien für die
Handlungsfelder Bewegung, Ernährung und Entspannung sowie die Erfassung
inhaltlicher Schnittmengen der Familienmitglieder in einer Gesundheits-App.
Methodik Die Online-Befragung erfolgte mit N=1008 Elternteilen
(Ø 48 Jahre, 59% weiblich, 39,3% männlich,
1,7% divers) zu deren Gesundheitszustand sowie den Themen Bewegung,
Ernährung und Entspannung, Smartphonenutzung, Appfeatures und
Gamification. Die quantitative Datenauswertung (Häufigkeitsanalysen,
Chi2-Test, Faktorenanalyse sowie einfaktorielle Varianzanalyse) erfolgte mit IBM
SPSS Analytics (25; Armonk, NewYork).
Ergebnisse Der Gesundheitszustand wurde von der Mehrheit der Befragten als
positiv bewertet. Die Minderheit erfüllte die Referenzwerte der WHO in
der Bewegungsaktivität und Ernährung. Weiter berichteten die
Befragten über ein hohes Stresslevel und niedrige
Stressmanagementkompetenzen. Als Zielbereiche zur Gesundheitsförderung
ließen sich vor allem aktive Entspannungsmaßnahmen,
Ernährung, Kompetenzerweiterung, körperliche Aktivität,
Naturaktivitäten und Sport-Erholungsangebote identifizieren.
Signifikante Unterschiede für die Akzeptanz seitens der Kinder zeigten
sich mit steigendem Alter für die Bereiche aktive
Entspannungsmaßnahmen [F(2)=3,367; p=,035] und Sport- und
Erholungsangebote [F(2)=7,480; p=,001].
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie deckt inhaltliche Schnittpunkte der
Familienmitglieder für einen Prozess der gesundheitlichen
Verhaltensänderung mit digitaler Unterstützung auf. Das
Interesse an einzelnen Angeboten differiert zwischen den Altersgruppen der
Kinder. Weitere Forschung sollte Nutzungspräferenzen in einer
familiären Gesundheits-App, die Nutzung in verschiedenen
Familienkonstellationen sowie eine familiengerechte Ansprache
identifizieren.
The Mesentery—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Coffey J. Calvin , Hohenberger W. , Heald R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article summarizes the events that shaped our current understanding of the mesentery and the abdomen. The story of how this evolved is intriguing at several levels. It speaks to considerable personal commitment on the part of the pioneers involved. It explains how scientific and clinical fields went different directions with respect to anatomy and clinical practice. It demonstrates that it is no longer acceptable to adhere unquestioningly to models of abdominal anatomy and surgery. The article concludes with a brief description of the Mesenteric Model of abdominal anatomy, and of how this now presents an opportunity to unify scientific and clinical approaches to the latter.
Mesentery in Transanal TME
Authors: Knol Joep , Chadi Sami A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOncological adequacy in rectal cancer surgery mandates not only a clear distal and circumferential resection margin but also resection of the entire ontogenetic mesorectal package. Incomplete removal of the mesentery is one of the commonest causes of local recurrences. The completeness of the resection is not only determined by tumor and patient related factors but also by the patient-tailored treatment selected by the multidisciplinary team. This is performed in the context of the technical ability and experience of the surgeon to ensure an optimal total mesorectal excision (TME). In TME, popularized by Professor Heald in the early 1980s as a sharp dissection through the avascular embryologic plane, the midline pedicle of tumor and mesorectum is separated from the surrounding, mostly paired structures of the retroperitoneum. Although TME significantly improved the oncological and functional results of rectal cancer surgery, the difficulty of the procedure is still mainly dependent on and determined by the dissection of the most distal part of the rectum and mesorectum. To overcome some of the limitations of working in the narrowest part of the pelvis, robotic and transanal surgery have been shown to improve the access and quality of resection in minimally invasive techniques. Whatever technique is chosen to perform a TME, embryologically derived planes and anatomical points of reference should be identified to guide the surgery. Standardization of the chosen technique, widespread education, and training of surgeons, as well as caseloads per surgeon, are important factors to optimize outcomes. In this article, we discuss the introduction of transanal TME, with emphasis on the mesentery, relevant anatomy, standard procedural steps, and importance of a training pathway.
Mapping the Mesentery Using ICG
Authors: Chand Manish , Dean Meara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent imaging has been used in colorectal surgery to assess intraoperative blood flow to the colon. However, its use has expanded to allow imaging of the lymphatic drainage within the mesentery in cancer resections. This technique can been used for real-time visualization of lymph nodes, and the detection of sentinel lymph nodes, lateral sidewall nodes, metastatic lymph nodes, and peritoneal metastases. Ultimately, this provides a more informative map of the mesentery displaying lymphatics and blood flow. The technique is economical and easy to use by the surgeon intraoperatively. ICG lymphangiography has the potential to aid the surgeon to ensure complete lymphadenectomy is performed in cancer resections.
What Drives Africa’s Inability to Comply with EU Standards? Insights from Africa’s Institution and Trade Facilitation Measures
Authors: Kareem Fatima Olanike , Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada , Brümmer Bernhard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the years, there have been a significant number of Africa’s food exports rejected at the European Union (EU) borders due to their non-compliance with EU food safety standards. This paper, therefore, provides an in-depth investigation of the potential causes of the non-compliance of Africa’s food exports to EU food standards and the subsequent rejection of such food exports at its borders. We contribute to the literature by investigating the roles played by trade facilitation measures and institutions in food export rejections and also exclusively provide a more detailed analysis and specific evidence at the product level. Our results indicate that poor trade facilitation measures, particularly inefficient border and food logistics procedures in African countries, increase the incidence of food rejection at the EU border and add to Africa’s challenges in accessing EU markets. Thus, non-compliance with EU food safety standards can be addressed by African governments through the strengthening of their domestic institutions and trade facilitation measures, with policies that improve logistics and border procedures as well as measures that align their food standards to international ones. This will ensure an efficient food supply chain that meets international food safety standards and facilitates food trade.
Is the Felixer cat control device safe for marsupial carnivores?
Authors: Rickards Holly , Read John L. , Johnson Chris N. , Jones Menna E. , Pauza Matthew D. , Bentley Joss , Sculthorpe Andry , Humphrey Morgan , Hamer Rowena 
Published: August 2022

Context The Felixer grooming device (‘Felixer’) is a lethal method of feral cat control designed to be cost-effective and target specific. Aims This study aims to test the target specificity of the Felixer in Tasmania, with a particular focus on Tasmanian devil and quoll species due to the overlap in size, habitats and behaviour between these native carnivores and feral cats. Methods Our study deployed Felixer devices set in a non-lethal mode in nine field sites in Tasmania, one field site in New South Wales and two Tasmanian wildlife sanctuaries. Key results Our study recorded 4376 passes by identifiable vertebrate species including 528 Tasmanian devil passes, 507 spotted-tailed quoll passes and 154 eastern quoll passes. Our data showed that the Felixer can successfully differentiate quoll species from feral cats with spotted-tailed quolls and eastern quolls targeted in 0.19% and 0% of passes, respectively. However, Tasmanian devils and common wombats were targeted in 23.10% and 12% of passes, respectively, although sample size was low for common wombats (n = 25). Conclusions The Felixer could not reliably identify Tasmanian devils and possibly common wombats as non-target species. Further data is needed to confirm the potential for impacts on the common wombat and other potential non-target species in Tasmania, and the likelihood of the toxin being ingested by falsely targeted individuals. Implications Our study suggest that the Felixer device is safe for use in the presence of two species of conservation concern, the eastern and spotted-tailed quoll. It also supports evidence from previous studies that the Felixer is unlikely to impact bettongs and potoroos. Use of Felixer devices across much of Tasmania would have to balance the conservation or economic benefits of cat control against potential impacts on Tasmanian devils. We suggest that active Felixer deployments be preceded by surveys to establish the range of species present at the control site, and the season of control considered carefully to minimise potential impacts on more susceptible juvenile animals. In addition, modifications to the Felixer device such as the proposed incorporation of AI technology should be tested against the Tasmanian devil and other non-target species.
Salmonella
control in pork: effect of animal nutrition and feeding
Authors: Coma J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The control of
Salmonella
prevalence in pork production is important from food safety, trading and animal health standpoints. Contamination by
Salmonella
can happen at any stage of the pork production chain: raw materials used in animal nutrition, feed manufacturing, farm level, slaughter plant, deboning room, meat processing, retail and preparation of meat at home. For this reason, a
Salmonella
control programme requires effort at all levels of the production chain. Animal feeding plays an essential role in
Salmonella
control because it might be a potential carrier and infection source, and also because effective measures can be applied at this stage to control bacterial transmission. The microbiological hygiene of feed is a requirement in a
Salmonella
control programme.
Salmonella
control in feed manufacturing embraces the following procedures: (1) Prevent or minimize the introduction of
Salmonella
through contaminated raw materials; (2) Implement decontamination steps: chemical and/or thermal treatments; (3) Prevent recontamination: microbiological hygiene of equipment and facilities in the feed mill and transportation. On the other hand, specific feeding systems positively affect the equilibrium of gut microbial ecology and contribute to the reduction of
Salmonella
prevalence. The combination of pre- and post-harvesting actions will ensure maximum food safety of pork.
Current distribution and status of
Lantana camara
and its biological control agents in Australia, with recommendations for further biocontrol introductions into other countries
Authors: Day M. D. , Broughton S. , Hannan-Jones M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The results of surveys conducted in Australia over a five-year period (1996-2001) to determine the distribution of
Lantana camara
(lantana) and its introduced biological control agents are reviewed and discussed. The relative merits and drawbacks of each species are summarized for the benefit of other countries wishing to consider biological control programmes against lantana. Lantana is found in coastal and sub-coastal areas from far-north Queensland to southern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Small populations of the weed have been reported around Darwin in the Northern Territory and Perth in Western Australia. For the purpose of this review, lantana is classified into five varietal groups, based on flower colour. The pink flowering group is the most common and widespread. It is the only variety found in southern NSW and in high altitude subtropical areas. The pink-edged red flowering varietal group is the next most common, being found from central NSW to far-north Queensland. The three remaining varietal groups, red, white and orange, are less common and limited in their distribution. Of the 30 biological control agents that have been introduced into Australia, 16 have established. The most widespread and damaging agents are
Octotoma scabripennis
,
Uroplata girardi
, and
Teleonemia scrupulosa
.
Leptobyrsa decora
is very damaging to lantana seasonally but has a very limited distribution, being found at only a few sites in high altitude tropical regions. Two agents,
Plagiohammus spinipennis
and
Teleonemia harleyi
previously reported as established, were not found in the surveys. Despite the establishment of 16 agents, lantana is not under adequate control in Australia. Climate is probably the major factor that prevents populations of insects from being maintained at consistently high enough levels to control the weed.