bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep-HyROMnet: A Deep Learning-Based Operator Approximation for Hyper-Reduction of Nonlinear Parametrized PDEs
Authors: Cicci Ludovica , Fresca Stefania , Manzoni Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo speed-up the solution of parametrized differential problems, reduced order models (ROMs) have been developed over the years, including projection-based ROMs such as the reduced-basis (RB) method, deep learning-based ROMs, as well as surrogate models obtained through machine learning techniques. Thanks to its physics-based structure, ensured by the use of a Galerkin projection of the full order model (FOM) onto a linear low-dimensional subspace, the Galerkin-RB method yields approximations that fulfill the differential problem at hand. However, to make the assembling of the ROM independent of the FOM dimension, intrusive and expensive hyper-reduction techniques, such as the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM), are usually required, thus making this strategy less feasible for problems characterized by (high-order polynomial or nonpolynomial) nonlinearities. To overcome this bottleneck, we propose a novel strategy for learning nonlinear ROM operators using deep neural networks (DNNs). The resulting hyper-reduced order model enhanced by DNNs, to which we refer to as Deep-HyROMnet, is then a physics-based model, still relying on the RB method approach, however employing a DNN architecture to approximate reduced residual vectors and Jacobian matrices once a Galerkin projection has been performed. Numerical results dealing with fast simulations in nonlinear structural mechanics show that Deep-HyROMnets are orders of magnitude faster than POD-Galerkin-DEIM ROMs, still ensuring the same level of accuracy.
A MOOC in Nuclear- and Radio-Chemistry: from the design to the feedback
Authors: Negrin Maddalena , Macerata Elena , Concia Francesca , Mariani Mario , Mossini Eros , Das Sudeep , Airaksinen Anu J. , Štrok Marko , Pottgießer Vivien , Walther Clemens , Distler Petr , John Jan , Nemec Mojmir , Retegan Teodora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, the loss of expertise in the nuclear- and radio-chemistry (NRC) is becoming an issue of concern, because of few engaging curricula and career prospects.To counteract this trend, the Massive Open Online Course “Essential Radiochemistry for Society” has been developed with the intent of letting young students in scientific matters discover all the benefits of NRC to society and improving their awareness of these disciplines.The MOOC development process as well as the feedbacks collected in the first MOOC editions are analyzed by highlighting strong points and weakness of the followed strategy.
Damage to anthropic elements estimation due to large slope instabilities through multi-temporal A-DInSAR analysis
Authors: Cignetti Martina , Godone Danilo , Notti Davide , Zucca Francesco , Meisina Claudia , Bordoni Massimiliano , Pedretti Laura , Lanteri Luca , Bertolo Davide , Giordan Daniele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DsGSDs) are widespread phenomena in the Alpine environment. Their dynamics, although very slow, endanger human settlements and connecting infrastructures. Monitoring such phenomena is mandatory to evaluate the impact on infrastructure networks and inhabited areas. Nowadays, the implementation of a tool useful to define and manage the interactions of DsGSDs evolution and the anthropic element remains a challenge, particularly in land use planning. Apart from on-site monitoring, which is commonly poorly used for DsGSDs observation, satellite-based interferometry represents the most comprehensive instrument for an effective spatial and temporal characterization of these phenomena. This paper provides a dedicated procedure to assess the usability of Advanced Differential Interferometric SAR (A-DInSAR) techniques to explore the DsGSDs behaviour and investigate their local interaction along anthropic elements. Combining multi-temporal A-DInSAR data, ERS-1/2 (1992–2000), Radarsat-1/2 (2003–2010), COSMO-SkyMed (2011–2018) and Sentinel-1 (2014–2018), over the Motta de Pletè and Champlas du Col DsGSDs, north-western Italy, a line-of-sight displacement investigation over a long-time span is implemented. Multi-temporal deformation maps are generated to define the deformation pattern and DsGSDs evolution over time. Subsequently, a local-scale analysis along the main anthropic elements is performed, exploiting Vslope values and ground deformation time series, integrated with ground-based ones, where available. This local analysis is aimed to recognize the most critical sections of the anthropic elements along with an higher level of damage, and potential risk is expected. Moreover, the obtained results are compared with a survey damage of the anthropic elements for a local cross-check and to strengthen the A-DInSAR methodology. Overall, the presented methodology provides a powerful tool to better define the DsGSDs local dynamics in correspondence of the main strategic infrastructures and inhabited areas, for a proper infrastructure maintenance and territorial planning strategy.
Long-term efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in Cushing’s disease: final results from a Phase II study with an optional extension phase (LINC 2)
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Biller Beverly M. K. , Bertherat Jérôme , Young Jacques , Hatipoglu Betul , Arnaldi Giorgio , O’Connell Paul , Izquierdo Miguel , Pedroncelli Alberto M. , Pivonello Rosario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Many patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) require long-term medical therapy to control their hypercortisolism. In the core phase of a Phase II study (LINC 2; NCT01331239), osilodrostat normalized mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) in 78.9% of patients with CD. Here, we report long-term efficacy and safety data for osilodrostat following completion of an optional extension to LINC 2.

Methods
Adult patients with CD were enrolled in a 22-week prospective Phase II study. Patients with mUFC ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN) or receiving clinical benefit at week 22 could enter the optional extension. The proportion of complete (mUFC ≤ ULN) or partial (mUFC > ULN but ≥ 50% decrease from baseline) mUFC responders was assessed over time.

Results
Sixteen of 19 enrolled patients entered the extension. Median (range) osilodrostat exposure from baseline to study end was 5.4 years (0.04–6.7); median (range) average dose was 10.6 mg/day (1.1–47.9). Overall response rate (complete and partial mUFC responders) was consistently ≥ 50%. Sustained control of most cardiovascular-related parameters was observed during the extension. The long-term safety profile was consistent with that reported during the core phase. Testosterone levels (females) decreased towards baseline levels during long-term follow-up, with no new or worsening cases of hirsutism during the extension.

Conclusions
In the longest prospective study of a steroidogenesis inhibitor to date, osilodrostat provided sustained reductions in mUFC for up to 6.7 years of treatment, with no new safety signals emerging during the extension. These findings support osilodrostat as an effective long-term treatment for patients with CD.
Differential associations of emotional and physical domains of the MacNew Heart with changes in 6-min walking test
Authors: Jellestad Lena , Meier Vera G. , Bierbauer Walter , Bermudez Tania , Auschra Bianca , Günther Moritz P. , Scholz Urte , von Känel Roland , Hermann Matthias , Euler Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aims
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a key component of secondary prevention in cardiac patients, contributes fundamentally to improved cardiovascular health outcomes. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) represents a widely employed outcome measure in CR, yet, its predictive properties on exercise capacity change during CR are poorly understood. Aim of this study was to examine the association between baseline HRQOL and its subdomains on improvement of exercise capacity during CR.

Methods
Study participants were 13,717 inpatients of six Swiss CR clinics from 2012 to 2018. We measured HRQOL at admission to CR with the MacNew Heart (MNH) questionnaire and exercise capacity at admission and discharge using the six minutes walking test (6MWT). Following factorial analyses, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to test the predictive properties of baseline global HRQOL and its domains for improvement in exercise capacity, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
Mean improvement in 6MWT was 114 m (SD = 90), achieved after 17.4 days (SD = 5.5). Lower emotional HRQOL (b = 7.85, p =  < .001, 95% CI [− 5.67, 10.03]) and higher physical HRQOL (b =  − 5.23, p < .001, 95% CI [− 6.56, − 3.90]) were associated with less improvement in the 6MWT. Global MNH and social HRQOL showed no association with exercise capacity improvement.

Conclusion
Patients entering CR with low emotional and high physical HRQOL are at risk for a lower gain in exercise capacity during CR. Global MNH alone does not provide a reliable assessment of HRQOL; thus a focus on specific domains of HRQOL is needed.
Artificial intelligence and radical innovation: an opportunity for all companies?
Authors: Grashof Nils , Kopka Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is often seen as a key technology for future economic growth. However, its concrete effects on the emergence of radical innovations and the associated socio-economic impacts, through increasing divergence between smaller and larger firms, have not yet been systematically researched. This paper addresses this by investigating the extent to which AI-related knowledge influences the emergence of radical innovations and differentiates between SMEs and large firms. Based on a unique dataset of European firms combining firm-level data with patent data, we find a nuanced influence from AI. While AI applications assert a positive influence, AI techniques negatively influence the emergence of radical innovations. Being an SME significantly moderates these effects. Larger firms gain from AI applications, whereas SMEs gain from AI techniques. Therefore, AI knowledge in itself is not a general answer to increase the likelihood of creating radical innovation. Instead, a more differentiated view on AI is needed.
Research topic flows in co-authorship networks
Authors: Schäfermeier Bastian , Hirth Johannes , Hanika Tom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn scientometrics, scientific collaboration is often analyzed by means of co-authorships. An aspect which is often overlooked and more difficult to quantify is the flow of expertise between authors from different research topics, which is an important part of scientific progress. With the Topic Flow Network (TFN) we propose a graph structure for the analysis of research topic flows between scientific authors and their respective research fields. Based on a multi-graph and a topic model, our proposed network structure accounts for intratopic as well as intertopic flows. Our method requires for the construction of a TFN solely a corpus of publications (i.e., author and abstract information). From this, research topics are discovered automatically through non-negative matrix factorization. The thereof derived TFN allows for the application of social network analysis techniques, such as common metrics and community detection. Most importantly, it allows for the analysis of intertopic flows on a large, macroscopic scale, i.e., between research topic, as well as on a microscopic scale, i.e., between certain sets of authors. We demonstrate the utility of TFNs by applying our method to two comprehensive corpora of altogether 20 Mio. publications spanning more than 60 years of research in the fields computer science and mathematics. Our results give evidence that Topic Flow Networks are suitable, e.g., for the analysis of topical communities, the discovery of important authors in different fields, and, most notably, the analysis of intertopic flows, i.e., the transfer of topical expertise. Besides that, our method opens new directions for future research, such as the investigation of influence relationships between research fields.
Collective inaction, omission, and non-action: when not acting is indeed on ‘us’
Authors: Schwenkenbecher Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe statement that we are currently failing to address some of humanity’s greatest challenges seems uncontroversial—we are not doing enough to limit global warming to a maximum of 2 °C and we are exposing vulnerable people to preventable diseases when failing to produce herd immunity. But what singles out such failings (inactions) from all the things we did not do (non-actions) when all are unintended? Unlike their individualist counterparts, collective inaction and omission have not yet received much attention in the literature. (Unintended) collective inaction, I argue, can be attributed to a group of agents where a collective action (or a collective outcome) x that the agents did not perform (or did not produce) was collectively feasible at time t where each agent in that group had sufficient reason to contribute to performing (or producing) x or others had a reasonable expectation that they would perform (or produce) x. I show that, perhaps surprisingly, we can speak of collective inaction even where only one member of the group fails to act. However, where large and dispersed groups of agents are concerned, there is often no meaningful way of attributing collective failings. Still, I contend that the failure to close the global emissions gap and—in some cases—to generate herd immunity are indeed on us.
„Time in range“ (TIR) vs. Glykohämoglobin Typ A1c (HbA1c): was zählt für unsere Patienten?
Authors: Harer Clemens , Mader Julia K. 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung„Continuous glucose monitoring systems“ (CGM-Systeme) und CGM-basierte Metrik gewannen in den letzten 10 Jahren massiv an Bedeutung. Dennoch ist der HbA1c nach wie vor der meistverwendete und international anerkannte Marker zur Beurteilung der glykämischen Kontrolle. Ebenso stellt er in klinischen Studien immer noch den wichtigsten Surrogatparameter zur Beurteilung klinischer Outcomes dar. Die Verwendung der Zeit im Zielbereich („time in range“ [TIR]) hat im Vergleich zum HbA1c den Vorteil, dass Hypoglykämien und Glukosevariabilität besser dargestellt werden. Durch Nutzung der TIR kann man auch individuelle Zielbereiche definieren, beispielsweise bei Schwangeren oder multimorbiden Personen. Auch gibt es erste Hinweise, dass klinische Studienergebnisse anhand von TIR und anderen CGM-basierten Metriken bewertet werden können, auch wenn hierzu noch Langzeit- und Endpunktstudien fehlen. Einen wesentlichen Vorteil zeigt die TIR bei der Prädiktion diabetesassoziierter Komplikationen. So kann, basierend auf Änderungen beim erreichten Zielbereich, nicht nur das Auftreten neuropathischer, mikro- oder makrovaskulärer Komplikationen vorhergesagt werden, sondern auch das relative Risiko deren Manifestation. Die Nutzung von CGM im Allgemeinen und das Erreichen der TIR-Ziele spielen auch für Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus und deren Einschätzung ihrer Lebensqualität eine immer größere Rolle.
Die Soziale Arbeit muss auf die „Zeitenwende“ reagieren
Authors: Scherr Albert 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie deklarierte Zeitenwende fordert auch Lehrende an Hochschulen, Studierende und Fachkräfte der Sozialen Arbeit und Pädagogik (Sozialpädagogik, Lehramt, Erwachsenenbildung) zu einer Klärung der eigenen Position heraus. Denn in ihren professionellen Positionen sind sie darauf verwiesen, Studierende, Adressat_innen Sozialer Arbeit oder Schüler_innen dabei zu unterstützen, die eigene Haltung zu Aufrüstung und indirekter Kriegsbeteiligung zu klären. Der Beitrag stellt Überlegungen vor, die einen solchen Klärungsprozess anregen sollen. Dabei wird hier nicht die Berechtigung von Waffenlieferungen an die Ukraine bestritten. Kritisch hinterfragt wird aber die vermeintliche Notwendigkeit weiterer Aufrüstung sowie die allzu voreilige und leichtfertige Verabschiedung von realistischem Pazifismus und Antimilitarismus.
Stepwise mathematical derivation of the Herschel–Bulkley laminar fluid flow equations—in pipes
Authors: Ashena Rahman , Badrouchi Foued , Elmgerbi Asad , Mishani Siamak , Sotoudeh Fatemeh , Nekoeian Sahand 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStepwise derivation of flow equations of the Herschel–Bulkley (HB) model is not available in the literature. These equations are crucial for mechanical, chemical and petroleum engineering academia and industries where fundamental works on non-Newtonian fluids may be done to reach future models and estimation methods. Therefore, this work focuses on derivation of laminar flow equations and estimation methods of HB fluids through pipes. In this work, first, stepwise derivation of the HB fluid flow parameters consisting of fluid velocity, flow rate, average velocity and relative velocity equations is presented, followed by a straightforward mathematical model for use in numerical solution. Next, stepwise mathematical derivation of the laminar pressure drop equations by Merlo et al. (An innovative model for drilling fluid hydraulics. Paper presented at the SPE Asia Pacific oil and gas conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1995) and Gjerstad and Time (SPE J 20:1–18, 2014) is presented, and finally practical and user-friendly calculation procedures for different estimation methods are presented. The step-by-step derivation procedures presented in this work contribute to effective learning for engineering students and practitioners in addition to providing a clear example derivation guideline for future researchers to reach other more accurate non-Newtonian hydraulics models and estimation methods.
Greenland mineral exploration history
Authors: Christiansen Flemming G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGreenland has a long mining and mineral exploration history and offers interesting possibilities for investors. There is still optimism in the mineral business, but successful examples are surprisingly few in the new millennium. Based on numerous new tables compiling information on companies, periods, targets, licenses, and costs, this paper gives a description of the past and present activities, the exploration companies involved, their main targets, their limited financial power, and their continued need for and search of investors and large industrial partners. An analysis of the key drivers at different levels is presented: analogues with Canada and elsewhere, dedicated prospectors looking for profit, specific strategic projects, commodity prices, new research results, co-financing, strategies, and regulations by authorities in Greenland and Denmark. Changes in political agenda in Greenland, Denmark, and internationally have had a strong influence on exploration activities in Greenland compared to other countries with an exploration industry, in some cases creating good incentives for investors, in other cases being showstoppers for future exploration and mining. This paper provides, for the first time ever, a summary of the total costs for mineral exploration in Greenland and the total revenue for the governments, and compares these numbers with the public investments in research, data acquisition, and direct investments in national companies.
High efficiently harvesting visible light and vibration energy in (1−x)AgNbO3–xLiTaO3 solid solution around antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase boundary for dye degradation
Authors: He Tufeng , Cao Zhenzhu , Li Guorong , Jia Yanmin , Peng Biaolin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSimultaneously employing light and vibration energy by piezoelectric material to realize environmental remediation is an advanced oxidation method. Silver niobate (AgNbO3) is a visible light driven photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants. However, the high recombination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes suppresses its photocatalytic activity. Piezoelectric potential excited by vibration can facilitate the separation of light induced charges. Unfortunately, AgNbO3 is an antiferroelectric. In this work, distinct photo-/vibration-bi-catalysis has been achieved in ferroelectric (1−x)AgNbO3–xLiTaO3 solid solution. The results show that ~96% Rhodamine B (RhB) can be decomposed under the bi-excitation of ultrasound and visible light within 120 min with 0.95AgNbO3–0.05LiTaO3 catalyst. The synergy effect from efficient visible light excitation and enhanced separation of the photo-induced charges from the electric field by the mechanical strain results in the distinct decomposition performance of catalysts.
Best clinical practice guidance for treating deep carious lesions in primary teeth: an EAPD policy document
Authors: Duggal M. , Gizani S. , Albadri S. , Krämer N. , Stratigaki E. , Tong H. J. , Seremidi K. , Kloukos D. , BaniHani A. , Santamaría R. M. , Hu S. , Maden M. , Amend S. , Boutsiouki C. , Bekes K. , Lygidakis N. , Frankenberger R. , Monteiro J. , Anttonnen V. , Leith R. , Sobczak M. , Rajasekharan S. , Parekh S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) has developed this best clinical practice guidance to help clinicians manage deep carious lesions in primary teeth.

Methods
Three expert groups conducted systematic reviews of the relevant literature. The topics were: (1) conventional techniques (2) Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) and (3) materials. Workshops were held during the corresponding EAPD interim seminar in Oslo in April 2021. Several clinical based recommendations and statements were agreed upon, and gaps in our knowledge were identified.

Results
There is strong evidence that indirect pulp capping and pulpotomy techniques, and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride are shown to be effective for the management of caries in the primary dentition. Due to the strict criteria, it is not possible to give clear recommendations on which materials are most appropriate for restoring primary teeth with deep carious lesions. Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) is not suitable for multi-surface caries, and Pre-formed Metal Crowns (PMCs) using the Hall technique reduce patient discomfort. GIC and RMGIC seem to be more favourable given the lower annual failure rate compared to HVGIC and MRGIC. Glass carbomer cannot be recommended due to inferior marginal adaptation and fractures. Compomers, hybrid composite resins and bulk-fill composite resins demonstrated similar values for annual failure rates.

Conclusion
The management of deep carious lesions in primary teeth can be challenging and must consider the patient’s compliance, operator skills, materials and costs. There is a clear need to increase the use of MID techniques in managing carious primary teeth as a mainstream rather than a compromise option.
A digital humanism view on e-tourism
Authors: Werthner Hannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformatics, its artefacts and methods, change our society and world, from the individual personal level up to the current geo-political powerplay. Today, Information Technology (IT) serves as the operating system of our society. From an ontological point of view Informatics influences also how we perceive the world and how we think about it. This change has happened during the short span of last half century. At the same time, despite of this enormous success, this development has serious shortcomings. I discuss some of them, and describe a positive “answer”: Digital Humanism. I will use this human centered approach to IT to critically review developments in e-tourism; and, one of the main lessons is: do not get lost in small things, have a look at the big picture, also aim for a better future and society. Two disclaimers: (a) This contribution is an opinion piece, not a scientific paper in the strict sense. I hope it provokes a lively, and probably also controversial discussion; and, (b) Some arguments regarding Digital Humanism are already partly expressed in other publications such as (Werthner, Electron Mark 32:145–151, 2022a) and (Werthner et al. Hoepken (eds) Handbook of e-tourism, Springer, Berlin, 2022b).