bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal ideation and social integration in three Canadian provinces: The importance of social support and community belonging
Authors: Datta Ronjon Paul , Nakhaie Reza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtending recent developments in the neo‐Durkheimian analysis of suicidality as an indicator of social pathology, this paper analyses individual level survey data on suicidal ideation, perceptions of social support, and the sense of belonging from three Canadian provinces drawn from theCanadian Community Health Survey(2015–16). We ask whether or not social support and a sense of belonging affect suicide ideation differently. In answering this question, we pay attention to both subjective and objective indicators of integration, and how subjective indicators independently affect suicide ideation. Results show that a higher level of social support had the largest effect on suicidal ideation and that the effect of a sense of belonging disappeared when measures of social support are accounted for. These findings are consistent with Durkheim's general theory of suicide and previous studies on mental health, highlighting the importance of regular, proximate social interaction as a prophylactic against suicidality.
Influence of family factors on service members' decisions to leave the military
Authors: Woodall Kelly A. , Esquivel Alejandro P. , Powell Teresa M. , Riviere Lyndon A. , Amoroso Paul J. , Stander Valerie A. ,   for the Millennium Cohort Family Study Team
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundService member retention is a crucial aspect in maintaining and advancing the U.S. military and its mission. To increase retention, it is important to understand why active duty personnel voluntarily leave while they are still highly qualified. For married service members, spouses likely influence the decision to stay or leave military service.ObjectiveThe current study used data from the Millennium Cohort Family Study for 4,539 dyads comprising service members and their spouses to investigate family predictors of voluntary military separation.MethodsMultivariate mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the role of military satisfaction (spouse and service member) and work–family conflict as mediators of the effects of both family life and military stressors on risk for military separation, while accounting for spouse and service member demographics.ResultsResults identified significant family factors operating through work–family conflict and military satisfaction that were associated with increased likelihood of service member voluntary separation, including number of children, spouse bothered by finances, and service member months away from home. Service members with spouses who reported higher levels of social support were significantly less likely to voluntarily separate, after operating through both work–family conflict and military satisfaction.Conclusion and ImplicationsFindings suggest that work–family conflict and military satisfaction play an important synergistic role in predicting the impact family and career factors have on voluntary separation. These modifiable factors may guide potential interventions to increase military retention efforts.
Did they live happily ever after? The fate of restructured firms after hedge fund activism
Authors: Choi Wonik , Lim Jongha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the long‐term effect of hedge fund activism on distressed firms by tracing the post‐emergence performance of firms that successfully resolved distress. We find that the firms restructured with hedge funds' intervention, compared to their counterparts that emerged without such intervention, are more likely to lose their public status, enjoy higher financial stability, and invest more. Notably, the gap in financial strength lasts at least 3 years after emergence. These findings suggest that the efficiency gains brought by hedge fund activism during the restructuring process tend to positively impact the restructured firms' financial soundness in the post‐intervention period.
International evidence on the association of leverage with stock returns and the value premium
Authors: García‐Feijóo Luis , Jansen Benjamin A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe use an international sample to test theories predicting an association between operating and financial leverage with stock returns and the value premium. We find evidence that operating and financial leverage are related to stock returns and the value premium across the sampled countries. Results hold after considering the trade‐off between financial and operating leverage and are stronger in North American and European subsamples. Consistent with theory, we find that a country's labor share is positively associated with the value premium. Overall, we present evidence suggesting the value premium reflects compensation for exposure to systematic operating and financing risk.
GROUPED VARIATION IN FACTOR SHARES: AN APPLICATION TO MISALLOCATION
Authors: Asturias Jose , Rossbach Jack 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA striking feature of microlevel plant data is the presence of significant variation in factor cost shares across plants within an industry. We develop a methodology based on cluster analysis to decompose cost shares into idiosyncratic and group‐specific components. We apply our methodology to Chilean plant‐level data and find that group‐specific variation accounts for approximately one‐third of the variation in cost shares. We study the implications of these groups in cost shares on the gains from eliminating misallocation. We place bounds on their importance and find that ignoring them can overstate the gains from eliminating misallocation by up to one‐third .
Effect of Crohn's disease mesenteric mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles on T‐cell immunosuppressive capacity
Authors: Dadgar Neda , Altemus Jessica , Li Yan , Lightner Amy L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal intestinal tract and has characteristic hypertrophic adipose changes observed in the mesentery. To better understand the role of the mesentery in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD), we evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Crohn's patients. MSCs and EVs were isolated from the mesentery and subcutaneous tissues of CD patients and healthy individuals subcutaneous tissues, and were analysed for differentiation, cytokine expression, self‐renewal and proliferation. The varying capacity of these tissue‐derived MSCs and EVs to attenuate T‐cell activation was measured in in vitro and an in vivo murine model. RNA sequencing of inflamed Crohn's disease mesentery tissue revealed an enrichment of T‐cell activation compared to non‐inflamed subcutaneous tissue. MSCs and MSC‐derived EVs isolated from Crohn's mesentery lose their ability to attenuate DSS‐induced colitis compared to subcutaneous tissue‐derived cell or EV therapy. We found that treatment with subcutaneous isolated MSCs and their EV product compared to Crohn's mesentery MSCs or EVs, the inhibition of T‐cell proliferation and IFN‐γ, IL‐17a production increased, suggesting a non‐inflamed microenvironment allows for T‐cell inhibition by MSCs/EVs. Our results demonstrate that Crohn's patient‐derived diseased mesentery tissue MSCs lose their immunosuppressive capacity in the treatment of colitis by distinct regulation of pathogenic T‐cell responses and/or T‐cell infiltration into the colon.
Debt Overhang and Lack of Lender's Commitment
Authors: KOBAYASHI KEIICHIRO , NAKAJIMA TOMOYUKI , TAKAHASHI SHUHEI 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe debt overhang of sovereigns or firms is modeled in the recent literature as a constrained efficient outcome of dynamic debt contracts under the lack of the borrower's commitment, where debt relief is not Pareto‐improving. The early literature observes another type of debt overhang where the borrower is discouraged from expending effort, anticipating the lender to take all output ex post. We show that this inefficiency is due to the lack of the lender's commitment and debt relief is Pareto‐improving. Nevertheless, debt overhang may persist, as frictional bargaining over debt relief can take a long time.
Proteomic Investigation over the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Rose Bengal Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: de Oliveira Silva João Vitor , Meneguello Jean Eduardo , Formagio Maíra Dante , Freitas Camila Fabiano de , Hioka Noboru , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Marchiosi Rogério , Machinski Miguel , de Abreu Filho Benicio Alves , Zanetti Campanerut‐Sá Paula Aline , Graton Mikcha Jane Martha 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn order, understanding the antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy and how this technique can contribute to its application in the control of pathogens. The objective of the study was to employ a proteomic approach to investigate the protein profile of Staphylococcus aureus after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by rose bengal (RB‐aPDT). S. aureus was treated with RB (10 nmoL L−1) and illuminated with green LED (0.17 J cm−2) for cell viability evaluation. Afterward, proteomic analysis was employed for protein identification and bioinformatic tools to classify the differentially expressed proteins. The reduction in S. aureus after photoinactivation was ~2.5 log CFU mL−1. A total of 12 proteins (four up‐regulated and eight down‐regulated) correspond exclusively to alteration by RB‐aPDT. Functionally, these proteins are distributed in protein binding, structural constituent of ribosome, proton transmembrane transporter activity and ATPase activity. The effects of photodamage include alterations of levels of several proteins resulting in an activated stress response, altered membrane potential and effects on energy metabolism. These 12 proteins required the presence of both light and RB suggesting a unique response to photodynamic effects. The information about this technique contributes valuable insights into bacterial mechanisms and the mode of action of photodynamic therapy.
Drain on your health: Sanitation externalities from dirty drains in India
Authors: Dayal Vikram , Murugesan Anand , Rahman Tauhidur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe highlight an overlooked channel of disease transmission in developing countries: dirty drains. We make the case that sanitation efforts should move to improve the condition of drains to build on increased toilet provision since they are a key transmission channel for waterborne diseases. We develop an economic model of sanitation externalities that incorporates the role of drains and then empirically examine the relationship between the sanitary quality of neighborhood drains and household ill‐health incidence using a primary survey of 1,530 households from rural Uttarakhand, India. We find a strong and positive association between household ill‐health incidence and dirty neighborhood drains, controlling for household toilet usage, community‐level toilet availability, and an array of other household attributes. We employ a variety of robustness checks to validate our findings. Our findings suggest that bringing the policy focus to overall sanitation infrastructure will have substantial health returns.
Intra‐ and interobserver assessments of intestinal wall thickness and segmentations from transverse sections of feline abdominal ultrasound images
Authors: Chang Jasmine , Porter Ian R. , Forman Marnin A. , Shcherban Natalya , Basran Parminder S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMeasurements of intestinal wall thicknesses from ultrasound imaging (US) are routinely used to support diagnoses of intestinal disorders in cats, however published studies describing observer agreement are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, observer agreement study was to quantify inter‐ and intraobserver repeatability and agreement in the measurement of intestinal wall layer thicknesses and the segmentation of transverse sections of small intestines in US images of 20 cats. Intestinal wall layer thickness measurements of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa layer, and total thickness of these layers were performed on five cats with small cell epitheliotropic lymphoma, five with inflammatory bowel disease, and 10 with other conditions. Thickness measurements and the segmentation encompassing the serosa layer were obtained from five observers four times non‐sequentially. The average standard deviation in thickness measurements (95% confidence interval) in the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa, and total thickness were 0.35 (0.07–0.95), 0.24 (0.07‐0.52), 0.22 (0.06‐0.49), 0.20 (0.05‐0.49), and 0.57 (0.11‐1.60) mm, respectively. The average intraclass correlation coefficients, which estimates the degree of consistency in thickness measurements and segmentation areas for each observer, ranged from 0.355 to 0.870 and 0.850 to 0.993, respectively. The interclass correlation coefficient, which estimates the degree of consistency when measuring a thickness or segmentation area over all observers ranged from 0.115 to 0.753, and 0.811 to 0.902, respectively. The overall average Dice Coefficient, which estimates the extent of overlap of the segmentations for all observers was 0.957 (0.933 to 0.972). Our results suggest segmentations of small intestines have a higher interobserver agreement than measurements of intestinal wall thicknesses.
Japanese Female Professional Soccer Players’ Views on Second Career Development
Authors: Ando Kozue , Sato Takahiro , Richardson Emma V. , Tomura Takafumi , Furuta Yu , Kasahara Haruka , Nishijima Takahiko 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze professional, Japanese, female soccer athletes’ views on second career development and perceived support from the Women’s Empowerment Professional Football League, Japan. This study was underpinned by occupational socialization theory and utilized a qualitative, collective case study design through demographic questionnaires, in-depth face-to-face semistructured interviews, and reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were six current professional soccer players of one professional team of the Women’s Empowerment League. Three themes were generated from the data: (a) avoiding washout effects in second career opportunities, (b) the importance of dual-career pathway opportunities, and (c) professional development and second career training. These findings reflected how participants’ first career as a professional athlete became ingrained within their identity and shaped future desires and preparations for second careers. They also reflect the difficulty participants experienced balancing a professional athletic career with part-time office work for financial stability as well as planning for a second career linked to soccer. Players expressed a need for second career preparation to be facilitated by their clubs and the Women’s Empowerment League, and we provide implications and recommendations to support this work.
Transient fault creep on the Xidatan (Tibet) fault driven by viscoelastic relaxation following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake
Authors: Zhao Dezheng , Qu Chunyan , Shan Xinjian , Bürgmann Roland , Chen Han , Materna Kathryn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent geodetic observations of shallow fault creep have illuminated increasingly complex, time-dependent slip behaviors, including quasi-steady creep and temporary accelerations, termed slow-slip events. We documented two decades of deformation on the Xidatan fault on the Tibetan Plateau measured by radar interferometry during 2003–2010 and 2015–2020 CE, to probe the temporal evolution of shallow creep and illuminate the underlying mechanisms. The geodetic observations reveal an ~80-km-long fault section with temporally decaying creep along the Xidatan fault, one of the current seismic gaps along the Kunlun fault. The transient creep is likely driven by postseismic deformation processes, dominated by viscoelastic relaxation after the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, rather than triggered by the coseismic rupture. The transient creep behavior, indicating rate-strengthening frictional properties of the fault, contradicts the inference of locking along the Xidatan fault, based on geodetic imaging before the Kokoxili earthquake and on historical ruptures. We propose that, during the interseismic period, the frictionally unlocked shallow portions of the fault are located in the stress shadow cast by the deeper locked asperities, but they creep at resolvable rates when exposed to transient stress and stressing rate increases. We argue that stress interactions in the triple junction of the Kusai Hu, Xidatan, and Kunlun Pass faults promote complex slip behaviors throughout the earthquake cycle.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for cancer: clinical applications and practical considerations
Authors: Maakaron Joseph E , Hu Marie , El Jurdi Najla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cells have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies during the past five years, boasting impressive response rates and durable remissions for patients who previously had no viable options. In this review, we provide a brief historical overview of their development. We focus on the practical aspects of a patient’s journey through this treatment and the unique toxicities and current best practices to manage those. We then discuss the key registration trials that have led to approvals for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma. Finally, we consider the future development and research directions of this cutting edge therapy.
Study of B, $$B_s$$ mesons using heavy quark effective theory
Authors: Gandhi Keval , Rai Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInspired by the lower statistical information in the bottom sector, in this paper, we calculate the masses and the strong decays of excited B and $$B_s$$

B
s

mesons in the framework of heavy quark effective theory (HQET). Using an effective chiral Lagrangian approach based on heavy quark spin-flavor and light quark chiral symmetry, we explore the flavor independent parameters $$\varDelta _F^{(c)} = \varDelta _F^{(b)}$$

Δ
F

(
c
)

=

Δ
F

(
b
)

and $$\lambda _F^{(c)} = \lambda _F^{(b)}$$

λ
F

(
c
)

=

λ
F

(
b
)

to calculate the masses of experimentally unknown bottom mesons. Our predictions are consistent with the available experimental results and other theoretical studies. Their strong decay to the ground state bottom mesons plus light pseudoscalar mesons is calculated in terms of the square of the couplings $$g_H$$

g
H

, $$g_S$$

g
S

, $$g_T$$

g
T

, $$g_X$$

g
X

, $$g_Y$$

g
Y

, and $$g_R$$

g
R

. The weighted average value of the couplings $$g_H$$

g
H

, $$g_S$$

g
S

and $$g_T$$

g
T

is obtained in the charm sector (Phys. Rev. D 86: 054024, 2012) by fitting the calculated decay widths with experimental measurements, which will be used in the present study to analyze the strong decays of excited open bottom mesons. Moreover, the ratio of the decay rates is also predicted, which can be countered with future experimental data.
2-Nil submodules of modules over commutative rings
Authors: Mahdou Najib , Moutui Moutu Abdou Salam , Yetkin Celikel Ece 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we extend the notion of 2-nil ideal introduced by Yetkin Celikel in [E. Yetkin Celikel, 2-nil ideals of commutative rings, Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society Simon Stevin 28 (3) (2021).] to 2-nil submodule which is a subclass of 2-absorbing primary submodules. Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-module and [Formula: see text] be a proper submodule of [Formula: see text]. We say that [Formula: see text] is a 2-nil submodule of [Formula: see text] if whenever [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] We study the properties of this concept and establish several characterizations. We also investigate the 2-nil ideals of amalgamation. The obtained results yield new original families of examples of 2-nil ideals.
Facts and Hopes in Cancer Antigens Recognized by T Cells
Authors: Brochier Walther , Bricard Orian , Coulie Pierre G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
T cells are key effectors of our immune response against tumors and exert their antitumor effects upon recognizing a variety of tumor-specific peptides presented by HLA molecules on the surface of tumor cells. The identification of the tumor-specific antigens of a given tumor is not required for immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), which mainly reactivates existing tumor-specific T cells together with T cells of unknown specificities. To decrease the activation of non–tumor-specific T cells, active or passive immunizations against tumor-specific antigens are considered. These immunizations require the identification of at least some of the tumor-specific antigens displayed on the tumor cells of a patient. While this has become an easy task for tumors with a large number of mutations generating neoantigens, it remains difficult for the remainder. Here, we review some facts about human tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens, as well as some hopes for their future use in cancer immunotherapy.
Lisaftoclax (APG-2575) Is a Novel BCL-2 Inhibitor with Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Deng Jing , Paulus Aneel , Fang Douglas D. , Manna Alak , Wang Guangfeng , Wang Hengbang , Zhu Saijie , Chen Jianyong , Min Ping , Yin Yan , Dutta Navnita , Halder Nabanita , Ciccio Gina , Copland John A. , Miller James , Han Bing , Bai Longchuan , Liu Liu , Wang Mi , McEachern Donna , Przybranowski Sally , Yang Chao-Yie , Stuckey Jeanne A. , Wu Depei , Li Caixia , Ryan Jeremy , Letai Anthony , Ailawadhi Sikander , Yang Dajun , Wang Shaomeng , Chanan-Khan Asher , Zhai Yifan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Development of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)–specific inhibitors poses unique challenges in drug design because of BCL-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) shared homology between BCL-2 family members and the shallow surface of their protein–protein interactions. We report herein discovery and extensive preclinical investigation of lisaftoclax (APG-2575).

Experimental Design:
Computational modeling was used to design “lead” compounds. Biochemical binding, mitochondrial BH3 profiling, and cell-based viability or apoptosis assays were used to determine the selectivity and potency of BCL-2 inhibitor lisaftoclax. The antitumor effects of lisaftoclax were also evaluated in several xenograft models.

Results:
Lisaftoclax selectively binds BCL-2 (Ki &lt; 0.1 nmol/L), disrupts BCL-2:BIM complexes, and compromises mitochondrial outer membrane potential, culminating in BAX/BAK-dependent, caspase-mediated apoptosis. Lisaftoclax exerted strong antitumor activity in hematologic cancer cell lines and tumor cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. After lisaftoclax treatment, prodeath proteins BCL-2‒like protein 11 (BIM) and Noxa increased, and BIM translocated from cytosol to mitochondria. Consistent with these apoptotic activities, lisaftoclax entered malignant cells rapidly, reached plateau in 2 hours, and significantly downregulated mitochondrial respiratory function and ATP production. Furthermore, lisaftoclax inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models, correlating with caspase activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage, and pharmacokinetics of the compound. Lisaftoclax combined with rituximab or bendamustine/rituximab enhanced antitumor activity in vivo.

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate that lisaftoclax is a novel, orally bioavailable BH3 mimetic BCL-2–selective inhibitor with considerable potential for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies.