bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Country Skiers With a Fast-Start Pacing Pattern Increase Time-Trial Performance by Use of a More Even Pacing Strategy
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Tosterud Ola Kristoffer , Kjeldsen Kasper , Olstad Øyvind , Kocbach Jan 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate whether skiers with a fast-start pacing pattern increase time-trial performance by use of a more even pacing strategy. Methods: Thirty-four skiers (∼17 y, 16 male) performed an individual 7.5 (3 × 2.5) km free-technique race on snow with a self-selected pacing strategy (day 1). Based on the starting pace the first ∼2 minutes (lap-1 first 600-m segment pace·7.5 km pace−1), subjects were ranked into 2 groups: an intervention group with the fastest start pace (INT, n = 17) and a control group with a more conservative pace (CON, n = 17). On day 2, INT were instructed to reduce their start pace based on their average laps-1-to-3 segment pace from day 1, while CON were instructed to maintain their day 1 strategy. Results: INT increased their time-trial performance more than CON from day 1 to day 2 (effect size; ES = 0.87, P < .05). From day 1 to day 2, INT slowed their start pace (mean ± 95% confidence interval; 7.7% ± 2.0%, ES = 2.00), with lowered heart rate (HR) (83% ± 2% to 81% ± 2% of HRmax) and 1 to 10 ratings of perceived exertion (5 ± 1 to 4 ± 1), but finished with a faster overall 7.5-km time (−1.9% ± 0.9%, ES = 0.99) (all P < .05). For CON, no change was found for starting pace (−0.7% ± 2.0%, P = .47), overall 7.5-km time (−0.2% ± 1.4%, ES = 0.02, P = .81), ratings of perceived exertion, or HR between days. No differences were found for end-ratings of perceived exertion (9 ± 1) or average HR between day 1 and 2 for either group. Conclusion: Skiers with a pronounced fast-start pattern benefit by using a more even pacing strategy to optimize time-trial distance skiing performance.
Age and Sources of Metasedimentary Rocks of the Galam Terrane in the Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt: Results of U–Pb Age and Lu–Hf Isotope Data from Detrital Zircons
Authors: Zaika V. A. , Sorokin A. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt is one of the major structural elements of East Asia. In this article, we present U–Pb age and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks of the Galam Terrane. Our new data confirm that these rocks contain a significant amount of Archean and Paleoproterozoic zircons: most grains, regardless of age, have negative εHf(t) values from –30.0 to –10.0 and model age tHf(C) > 2.2 Ga. The main sources of detrital material for the metasedimentary rocks of the Galam Terrane were igneous and metamorphic complexes of the southeastern margin of the Siberian Craton. Some of the Devonian and Carboniferous zircons have slightly negative and positive εHf(t) values of ‒7.4 to +6.9 and younger tHf(C) ages of 1.46–0.90 Ga. These zircons were derived from eroded island arcs in the Mongol–Okhotsk Paleocean. Our results suggest that the Galam Terrane is a Paleozoic accretionary complex of the Siberian Craton.
Bridging the gap between science and society: long-term effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on weight and the metabolic risk profile: a controlled study
Authors: Anand Corinna , Kranz Ragna-Marie , Husain Sarah , Koeder Christian , Schoch Nora , Alzughayyar Dima-Karam , Gellner Reinhold , Hengst Karin , Englert Heike 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe potential of adopting a healthy lifestyle to fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is not fully used. We hypothesised that the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) reduces weight and other risk markers compared with baseline and control.Methods24-month, non-randomised, controlled intervention trial. Intervention: intensive 8-week phase with seminars, workshops and coaching focusing on a healthy lifestyle (eg, plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management) and group support followed by a 22-month alumni phase. Weight reduction as the primary outcome and other NCD risk parameters were assessed at six time points. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.Results143 participants (58±12 years, 71% female) were enrolled (91 in the intervention (IG) and 52 in the control group (CG)). Groups’ baseline characteristics were comparable, except participants of IG were younger, more often females, overweight and reported lower energy intake (kcal/day). Weight significantly decreased in IG at all follow-ups by −1.5 ± 1.9 kg after 8 weeks to −1.9 ± 4.0 kg after 24 months and more than in CG (except after 24 months). Being male, in the IG or overweight at baseline and having a university degree predicted more weight loss. After the intervention, there were more participants in the IG with a ‘high’ adherence (+12%) to plant-based food patterns. The change of other risk parameters was most distinct after 8 weeks and in people at elevated risk. Diabetes-related risk parameters did not improve.ConclusionThe HLCP was able to reduce weight and to improve aspects of the NCD risk profile. Weight loss in the IG was moderate but maintained for 24 months. Participants of lower educational status might benefit from even more practical units. Future interventions should aim to include more participants at higher risk.Trial registration numberDRKS00018821.
Development of cognition decline in non-acute symptomatic patients with cerebral small vessel disease: Non-Acute Symptomatic Cerebral Ischemia Registration study (NASCIR)—rationale and protocol for a prospective multicentre observational study
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Wang Zhetao , Liu Peng , Tuo Qingzhang , Cheng Yajun , Xu Mangmang , Wu Qian , Lei Peng , Dai Lunzhi , Kwapong William Robert , Tan Mingying , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHeadaches, dizziness and memory loss of unspecific causes are the most common non-acute ischemia symptoms in the ageing population, which are often associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) imaging markers; however, there is insufficient evidence concerning their association with the development of cognitive decline. This study aims to investigate risk factors, clinical course, cerebral and retinal imaging changes, proteomics features of non-symptomatic ischaemia symptomatic patients with cognitive decline.Methods and analysisThe Non-Acute Symptomatic Cerebral Ischemia Registration study is a multicentre, registry-based, prospective observational study, is designed to investigate the cognitive decline in non-acute ischaemia symptomatic patients. We will recruit 500 non-acute ischaemia symptomatic patients from four tertiary hospitals in China. For this study, non-acute ischaemia symptoms will be defined as headaches, dizziness and memory loss. Patients with headaches, dizziness or memory loss over 50 years of age will be included. Clinical features, cognitive assessment, cerebral and retinal imaging data, and a blood sample will be collected after recruitment. Patients will be followed up by structured telephone interviews at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years after recruitment. This study will improve our knowledge of the development of cognitive decline in non-acute ischaemia symptomatic patients and factors affecting the cognitive outcomes, which will eventually elucidate underlying pathways and mechanisms of cognitive decline in these patients and facilitate the optimisation of individualised interventions for its prevention and treatment.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is obtained from The Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Reference No. 2016 (335)). We will present our findings at national and international conferences and peer-reviewed journals in stroke and neurology.Trial registration numberChiCTR-COC-17013056.
Longitudinal trajectories of suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents with psychiatric disorders in Chile: study protocol
Authors: Méndez-Bustos Pablo , Fuster-Villaseca Jaime , Lopez-Castroman Jorge , Jiménez-Solomon Oscar , Olivari Cecilia , Baca-Garcia Enrique 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAdolescent suicide is a worldwide public health problem, being the second and the third leading cause of death in the 15–29 and the 15–19 age groups, respectively. Among adolescents, it is estimated that for every suicide, there are 100–200 suicide attempts. Although 79% of suicides in the world occur in low/middle-income countries, most of scientific evidence comes from high-income and low-risk countries. In recent years, adolescent suicide rates have steadily increased in Chile. Deaths caused by self-harm increased by 220% in the population aged 10–19 years between 2000 and 2015. The Maule Region is one of the regions of Chile with the highest levels of suicide among those aged 15 and 19 years old. The objective of this study is to evaluate the trajectories of ideation and suicidal attempts in adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated within the public health system of the Maule Region, Chile, based on different clinical, psychological and neuropsychological factors.MethodA prospective naturalistic study of a clinical sample of adolescents under psychiatric treatment in the Maule Region, Chile. Adolescents will be evaluated using a thorough protocol that includes suicide-related clinical variables. The study seeks to establish patterns of change in the trajectories of ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica del Maule in Chile. This protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The results of this study will be disseminated to health centres through executive reports and feedback sessions. In addition, the most relevant findings will be presented in scientific articles, conferences and seminars open to the community.Trial registration numberNCT04635163.
Interventions in sexual and reproductive health services addressing violence against women in low-income and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Lewis Natalia V , Munas Muzrif , Colombini Manuela , d'Oliveira A F , Pereira Stephanie , Shrestha Satya , Rajapakse Thilini , Shaheen Amira , Rishal Poonam , Alkaiyat Abdulsalam , Richards Alison , Garcia-Moreno Claudia M , Feder Gene S , Bacchus Loraine J 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo synthesise evidence on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and barriers to responding to violence against women (VAW) in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignMixed-methods systematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Psycinfo, Cochrane, Cinahl, IMEMR, Web of Science, Popline, Lilacs, WHO RHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google, Google Scholar, websites of key organisations through December 2019.Eligibility criteriaStudies of any design that evaluated VAW interventions in SRH services in LMICs.Data extraction and synthesisConcurrent narrative quantitative and thematic qualitative syntheses, integration through line of argument and mapping onto a logic model. Two reviewers extracted data and appraised quality.Results26 studies of varied interventions using heterogeneous outcomes. Of ten interventions that strengthened health systems capacity to respond to VAW during routine SRH consultation, three reported no harm and reduction in some types of violence. Of nine interventions that strengthened health systems and communities’ capacity to respond to VAW, three reported conflicting effects on re-exposure to some types of VAW and mixed effect on SRH. The interventions increased identification of VAW but had no effect on the provision (75%–100%) and uptake (0.6%–53%) of referrals to VAW services. Of seven psychosocial interventions in addition to SRH consultation that strengthened women’s readiness to address VAW, four reduced re-exposure to some types of VAW and improved health. Factors that disrupted the pathway to better outcomes included accepting attitudes towards VAW, fear of consequences and limited readiness of the society, health systems and individuals. No study evaluated cost-effectiveness.ConclusionsSome VAW interventions in SRH services reduced re-exposure to some types of VAW and improved some health outcomes in single studies. Future interventions should strengthen capacity to address VAW across health systems, communities and individual women. First-line support should be better tailored to women’s needs and expectations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019137167.
End-of-life care for people with severe mental illness: mixed methods systematic review and thematic synthesis of published case studies (the MENLOC study)
Authors: Coffey Michael , Edwards Deborah , Anstey Sally , Gill Paul , Mann Mala , Meudell Alan , Hannigan Ben 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) have significant comorbidities and reduced life expectancy. The objective of the review reported in this paper was to synthesise material from case studies relating to the organisation, provision and receipt of care for people with SMI who have an end-of-life (EoL) diagnosis.DesignSystematic review and thematic synthesis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, HMIC, AMED, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ASSIA, DARE and Web of Science from inception to December 2019. Supplementary searching for additional material including grey literature along with 62 organisational websites.ResultsOf the 11 904 citations retrieved, 42 papers reporting 51 case studies were identified and are reported here. Twenty-five of the forty-two case study papers met seven, or more quality criteria, with eight meeting half or less. Attributes of case study subjects included that just over half were men, had a mean age of 55 years, psychotic illnesses dominated and the EoL condition was in most cases a cancer. Analysis generated themes as follows diagnostic delay and overshadowing, decision capacity and dilemmas, medical futility, individuals and their networks, care provision.ConclusionsIn the absence of high-quality intervention studies, this evidence synthesis indicates that cross disciplinary care is supported within the context of established therapeutic relationships. Attention to potential delay and diagnostic overshadowing is required in care provision. The values and preferences of individuals with severe mental illness experiencing an end-of-life condition should be recognised.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108988.
Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability study: summary of findings and the protocol for the 10-year follow-up study
Authors: de Leeuw Marleen J , Oppewal Alyt , Elbers Roy G , Knulst Mireille W E J , van Maurik Marco C , van Bruggen Marjoleine C , Hilgenkamp Thessa I M , Bindels Patrick J E , Maes-Festen Dederieke A M 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability (HA-ID) study is a prospective multicentre cohort study in the Netherlands that started in 2008, including 1050 older adults (aged ≥50) with intellectual disabilities (ID). The study is designed to learn more about the health and health risks of this group as they age. Compared with the amount of research in the general population, epidemiological research into the health of older adults with ID is still in its infancy. Longitudinal data about the health of this vulnerable and relatively unhealthy group are needed so that policy and care can be prioritised and for guiding clinical decision making about screening, prevention and treatment to improve healthy ageing.Methods and analysisThis article presents a summary of the previous findings of the HA-ID study and describes the design of the 10-year follow-up in which a wide range of health data will be collected within five research themes: (1) cardiovascular disease; (2) physical activity, fitness and musculoskeletal disorders; (3) psychological problems and psychiatric disorders; (4) nutrition and nutritional state; and (5) frailty.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the 10-year follow-up measurements of the HA-ID study has been obtained from the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam (MEC-2019-0562).Trial registration numberThis cohort study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (NTR number NL8564) and has been conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Variation in health visiting contacts for children in England: cross-sectional analysis of the 2–2½ year review using administrative data (Community Services Dataset, CSDS)
Authors: Fraser Caroline , Harron Katie , Barlow Jane , Bennett Samantha , Woods Geoffrey , Shand Jenny , Kendall Sally , Woodman Jenny 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe 2–2½ year universal health visiting review in England is a key time point for assessing child development and promoting school readiness. We aimed to ascertain which children were least likely to receive their 2–2½ year review and whether there were additional non-mandated contacts for children who missed this review.Design, setting, participantsCross-sectional analysis of the 2–2½ year review and additional health visiting contacts for 181 130 children aged 2 in England 2018/2019, stratified by ethnicity, deprivation, safeguarding vulnerability indicator and Looked After Child status.AnalysisWe used data from 33 local authorities submitting highly complete data on health visiting contacts to the Community Services Dataset. We calculated the percentage of children with a recorded 2–2½ year review and/or any additional health visiting contacts and average number of contacts, by child characteristic.ResultsThe most deprived children were slightly less likely to receive a 2–2½ year review than the least deprived children (72% vs 78%) and Looked After Children much less likely, compared with other children (44% vs 69%). When all additional contacts were included, the pattern was reversed (deprivation) or disappeared (Looked After children). A substantial proportion of all children (24%), children with a ‘safeguarding vulnerability’ (22%) and Looked After children (29%) did not have a record of either a 2–2½ year review or any other face-to-face contact in the year.ConclusionsA substantial minority of children aged 2 with known vulnerabilities did not see the health visiting team at all in the year. Some higher need children (eg, deprived and Looked After) appeared to be seeing the health visiting team but not receiving their mandated health review. Further work is needed to establish the reasons for this, and potential solutions. There is an urgent need to improve the quality of national health visiting data.
Knowledge and use of lactational amenorrhoea as a family planning method among adolescent mothers in Uganda: a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys between 2006 and 2016
Authors: Birabwa Catherine , Bakkabulindi Pamela , Wafula Solomon T , Waiswa Peter , Benova Lenka 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the level of knowledge and use of the lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM) among adolescents in Uganda between 2006 and 2016 using nationally representative data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).DesignCross-sectional design involving analysis of three DHS (2006, 2011, and 2016) in Uganda.SettingThe data collection took place in Uganda. The DHS are nationally representative surveys on a wide range of indicators including contraception knowledge and use.ParticipantsA total of 1948 (2006), 2026 (2011) and 4276 (2016) adolescents (15–19 years) and 1662 (2006), 1666 (2011) and 3782 (2016) young women (20–24 years) were included.Primary outcome measureUse of LAM among adolescents and young women with a live birth within 6 months before each survey.ResultsIn 2016, less than 1.0% (95% CI: 0.2% to 3.5%) of eligible adolescents correctly used LAM, and 56.3% (95% CI: 48.8% to 63.6%) were passively benefitting from LAM. The median duration of postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA) among adolescents in 2016 was 6.9 months, declining from 8.3 months in 2006. Compared with adolescents (56.7%), eligible young women had higher knowledge of LAM (64.1%) and higher median PPA duration (8.0 months) in 2016. The percentage of eligible adolescents who met the LAM criteria irrespective of whether they reported LAM use (were protected by LAM) decreased from 76.4% (95% CI: 66.5% to 84.0%) in 2006 to 57.2% (95% CI: 49.5% to 64.6%) in 2016. More than 50.0% (95% CI: 49.2% to 63.8%) of eligible adolescents were aware of LAM in 2016, increasing from 6.0% (95% CI: 2.5% to 13.8) in 2006.ConclusionDespite increasing awareness of LAM, reported and correct use of LAM was low among adolescents who could benefit from this method in Uganda, and declining over time. Support for adolescents to harness the benefits of correct LAM use should be increased. Additional research is needed to better understand the dynamics of LAM use in adolescents, including the transition to use of other modern contraceptive methods.
Oncolytic adenovirus decreases the proportion of TIM-3+ subset of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells with correlation to improved survival in patients with cancer
Authors: Liikanen Ilkka , Basnet Saru , Quixabeira Dafne C A , Taipale Kristian , Hemminki Otto , Oksanen Minna , Kankainen Matti , Juhila Juuso , Kanerva Anna , Joensuu Timo , Tähtinen Siri , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundOncolytic viruses are a potent form of active immunotherapy, capable of invoking antitumor T-cell responses. Meanwhile, less is known about their effects on immune checkpoints, the main targets for passive immunotherapy of cancer. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a coinhibitory checkpoint driving T-cell exhaustion in cancer. Here we investigated the effects of oncolytic adenovirus on the TIM-3 checkpoint on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and clinical impact in patients with cancer receiving oncolytic immunotherapy.MethodsModulation of TIM-3 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells was studied preclinically in B16 melanoma following intratumoral treatment with Ad5/3∆24-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor oncolytic adenovirus. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 15 patients with advanced-stage cancer with tumor-site biopsies before and after oncolytic immunotherapy, treated in the Advanced Therapy Access Program (ISRCTN10141600, April 5, 2011). Following patient stratification with regard to TIM-3 (increase vs decrease in tumors), overall survival and imaging/marker responses were evaluated by log-rank and Fisher’s test, while coinhibitory receptors/ligands, transcriptomic changes and tumor-reactive and tumor-infltrating immune cells in biopsies and blood samples were studied by microarray rank-based statistics and immunoassays.ResultsPreclinically, TIM-3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in B16 melanoma showed an exhausted phenotype, whereas oncolytic adenovirus treatment significantly reduced the proportion of TIM-3+ TIL subset through recruitment of less-exhausted CD8+ TIL. Decrease of TIM-3 was observed in 60% of patients, which was associated with improved overall survival over TIM-3 increase patients (p=0.004), together with evidence of clinical benefit by imaging and blood analyses. Coinhibitory T-cell receptors and ligands were consistently associated with TIM-3 changes in gene expression data, while core transcriptional exhaustion programs and T-cell dysfunction were enriched in patients with TIM-3 increase, thus identifying patients potentially benefiting from checkpoint blockade. In striking contrast, patients with TIM-3 decrease displayed an acute inflammatory signature, redistribution of tumor-reactive CD8+ lymphocytes and higher influx of CD8+ TIL into tumors, which were associated with the longest overall survival, suggesting benefit from active immunotherapy.ConclusionsOur results indicate a key role for the TIM-3 immune checkpoint in oncolytic adenoviral immunotherapy. Moreover, our results identify TIM-3 as a potential biomarker for oncolytic adenoviruses and create rationale for combination with passive immunotherapy for a subset of patients.