bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Wisdom
Authors: Woodruff Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In ethics, we need to be especially clear where to draw the line between what we know and what we do not know, and to have strategies for making judgments in our areas of ignorance. Failures of self-knowledge can damage an ethical life. Some grounding theories limit the considerations we bring to bear on judgments, and so we should avoid such theories. Recognizing our cognitive limits is a large part of what Socrates meant by “human wisdom.” Human wisdom turns out to be essential to what I call the virtues of imperfection—virtues we would not need if we were perfect cognitively and in other ways. Appendices to this chapter treat the rectification of names (a Confucian concept) and the nature of human wisdom as Socrates understands it.
A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture
Authors: Kültz Dietmar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aquaculture exemplifies the ongoing global struggle to strike a sustainable balance between the conflicting needs of a large human world population, human health, ecosystem health, the welfare of wild and domesticated animals, and the economic principles of globalized economies. On the one hand, aquaculture has great potential for providing us with a healthy and nutritious food supply while alleviating pressure on captive fisheries and reducing fisheries-induced habitat destruction, overfishing, genetic modification of wild populations, and wholesale waste of bycatch. On the other hand, aquaculture relies heavily on clean water, an increasingly precious (and dwindling) resource that is subject to intense pressure of being used for many competing purposes. This book outlines basic concepts, opportunities, and challenges of aquaculture and emphasizes ecological considerations. It contrasts the many values and promises of aquaculture with their pitfalls, drawbacks, and challenges to develop a broad understanding of the general state of aquaculture and equip students with the knowledge they need to contribute to future advances in the field. It provides a critical assessment of current aquaculture practices using a broad, interdisciplinary perspective that emphasizes how best to align the two major (and often conflicting) goals of future aquaculture development: minimizing reliance on ecosystem services while maximizing productivity. Finally, it illustrates opportunities for achieving these goals by discussing specific examples of aquaculture species and practices that illustrate key concepts.
Emotional Development
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 is devoted to emotional development—a third strand in Stoic thinking on this subject, which is seen as dependent on success or failure in the two strands of appropriation. Bad or defective emotions reflect failure in ethical development whereas good emotions express successful development towards virtue, virtue-based happiness, and virtuous social relationships. Scholars sometimes regard the Stoics as advocating a kind of self-sufficiency that involves detachment from other people. This chapter argues against this view, maintaining that, in Stoic ethics, emotional development (or the ‘therapy’ of emotions) depends on engagement in virtuous relationships. In particular, a passage in Epictetus often taken as advocating detachment is interpreted as urging the combination of virtuous involvement with recognition of the fact of the future death of both partners in the relationship.
Sex differences in perceptions of sleep inertia following nighttime awakenings
Authors: Hilditch Cassie J , Pradhan Sean , Costedoat Gregory , Bathurst Nicholas G , Glaros Zachary , Gregory Kevin B , Shattuck Nita L , Flynn-Evans Erin E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe influence of biological sex on sleep inertia symptoms is currently unknown. We investigated the role of sex differences in the subjective experience and objective cognitive manifestation of sleep inertia following nighttime awakenings.MethodsThirty-two healthy adults (16 female, 25.91 ± 5.63 years) completed a 1-week at-home study with one experimental night during which sleep was measured by polysomnography and participants were awakened during their habitual sleep time. Participants completed a psychomotor vigilance task, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), visual analog mood scales, and a descending subtraction task (DST) prior to sleep (baseline) and at 2, 12, 22, and 32 min after awakening. A series of mixed-effects models with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests were used to examine the main effects of test bout and sex, and their interaction, with a random effect of participant, and order of wake-up and sleep history as covariates.ResultsAll outcomes except for percent correct on the DST showed a significant main effect of test bout, with worse performance after waking compared to baseline (all ps &lt; .003). Significant effects of sex (p = .002) and sex × test bout (p = .01; R2M = 0.49, R2C = 0.69) were observed for KSS, with females reporting a greater increase in sleepiness from baseline to after waking compared to males.ConclusionsThese results suggest that while females reported feeling sleepier than males following nighttime awakenings, their cognitive performance was comparable. Future research is needed to determine whether perceptions of sleepiness influence decision-making during the transition from sleep to wakefulness.
Everglades virus evolution: Genome sequence analysis of the envelope 1 protein reveals recent mutation and divergence in South Florida wetlands
Authors: Valente Monica C , Prakoso Dhani , Vittor Amy Y , Blosser Erik M , Abid Nabil , Pu Ruiyu , Beachboard Sarah E , Long Maureen T , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D , Mavian Carla N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Everglades virus (EVEV) is a subtype (II) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), endemic in southern Florida, USA. EVEV has caused clinical encephalitis in humans, and antibodies have been found in a variety of wild and domesticated mammals. Over 29,000 Culex cedecei females, the main vector of EVEV, were collected in 2017 from Big Cypress and Fakahatchee Strand Preserves in Florida and pool-screened for the presence of EVEV using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. The entire 1 E1 protein gene was successfully sequenced from fifteen positive pools. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates clustered, based on the location of sampling, into two monophyletic clades that diverged in 2009. Structural analyses revealed two mutations of interest, A116V and H441R, which were shared among all isolates obtained after its first isolation of EVEV in 1963, possibly reflecting adaptation to a new host. Alterations of the Everglades ecosystem may have contributed to the evolution of EVEV and its geographic compartmentalization. This is the first report that shows in detail the evolution of EVEV in South Florida. This zoonotic pathogen warrants inclusion into routine surveillance given the high natural infection rate in the vectors. Invasive species, increasing urbanization, the Everglades restoration, and modifications to the ecosystem due to climate change and habitat fragmentation in South Florida may increase rates of EVEV spillover to the human population.
Is a strict restricted-iodine diet necessary for preparation of radioactive iodine therapy?
Authors: Genc Mustafa , Yildirim Aslihan , Yildirim Nilufer 
Published: December 2022

Objective
A restricted-iodine diet (RID) increases the effectiveness of radioiodine therapy (RAIT) by decreasing the body’s iodine pool, especially in iodine-rich regions. However, there is no consensus on the RID that should be applied in iodine-deficient areas. This study aims to assess the effect of strict and flexible RID before RAIT.

Methods
For the study, 144 patients were randomized into the strict or flexible RID group. All patients stopped levothyroxine before RAIT and followed a RID. After 2 weeks of RID, 24-h urine samples were taken. The urinary iodine excretion was compared. In 52 of 144 patients, the spot urine samples were taken before and after RID. The reduction in urinary iodine excretion was compared according to the iodine/creatinine ratio.

Results
Our study included 47 males and 97 females with a mean age of 45 years. After RID in the 24-h urine samples, the mean iodine level was 47.9 µg/day, and both protocols were sufficient to reduce the body iodine pool. There was no significant difference between the strict and the flexible group, 43.06 and 52.89 µg/day (P:0.147). The reduction in urinary iodine excretion was not statistically different in both groups according to spot urine samples (68.20 vs. 60.53%; P:0.377).

Conclusion
The flexible RID protocol that less disrupts the patient’s quality of life can be preferred for RAIT preparation in iodine-deficient countries.
Structural Equation Modeling of Stigma and HIV Prevention Clinical Services Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults: The Mediating Role of Substance Use and HIV Sexual Risk
Authors: Wolfe Hill L. , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Klasko-Foster Lynne , Fix Gemmae M. , Siegel Jennifer , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Reisner Sari L. , Hughto Jaclyn M.W. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults experience high levels of stigma that contributes to elevated substance use and HIV sexual risk behaviors. Despite higher burdens of substance use and HIV compared to cisgender adults, TGD individuals may be less likely to engage in health care to avoid further discrimination.

Setting:
This analysis included 529 TGD adults in Massachusetts and Rhode Island who were HIV negative or had an unknown HIV serostatus and were purposively sampled between March and August 2019.

Methods:
We used structural equation modeling to test whether substance use, HIV sexual risk behaviors (ie, condom use, sex work, and multiple partners), and receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy mediate any observed association between TGD-related stigma and utilization of HIV prevention clinical services (ie, HIV prevention programs, PrEP use, and HIV testing).

Results:
Substance use and HIV sexual risk mediated the relationship between TGD-related stigma and utilization of HIV prevention clinical services (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.17; P = 0.03 and β = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.37; P < 0.001). Having a hormone therapy prescription was not a mediator between TGD-related stigma and HIV prevention clinical services.

Conclusions:
Future interventions that aim to improve HIV prevention clinical services among TGD adults should consider the impact of TGD-related stigma on participants' substance use and sexual risk behaviors. These efforts require that health care organizations and community organizations make a deliberate investment in the reach and success of interventions and programs.
EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS REGULATORS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION IN TRAUMATIC INJURIES AND SEPSIS
Authors: Seim Roland F. , Willis Micah L. , Wallet Shannon M. , Maile Robert , Coleman Leon G. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Despite advancements in critical care and resuscitation, traumatic injuries are one of the leading causes of death around the world and can bring about long-term disabilities in survivors. One of the primary causes of death for trauma patients are secondary phase complications that can develop weeks or months after the initial insult. These secondary complications typically occur because of systemic immune dysfunction that develops in response to injury, which can lead to immunosuppression, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, unregulated inflammation, and potentially sepsis in patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as mediators of these processes because their levels are increased in circulation after traumatic injury and they encapsulate cargo that can aggravate these secondary complications. In this review, we will discuss the role of EVs in the posttrauma pathologies that arise after burn injuries, trauma to the central nervous system, and infection. In addition, we will examine the use of EVs as biomarkers for predicting late-stage trauma outcomes and as therapeutics for reversing the pathological processes that develop after trauma. Overall, EVs have emerged as critical mediators of trauma-associated pathology and their use as a therapeutic agent represents an exciting new field of biomedicine.
Painlevé-type asymptotics for the defocusing Hirota equation in transition region
Authors: Xun Weikang , Ju Luman , Fan Engui 
Published: December 2022

We consider the long-time asymptotics for the defocusing Hirota equation with Schwartz Cauchy data in the transition region. On the basis of direct and inverse scattering transform of the Lax pair of Hirota equations, we first express the solution of the Cauchy problem in terms of the solution of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. Further, we apply nonlinear steepest descent analysis to obtain the long-time asymptotics of the solution in the critical transition region

|

x

/

t

−
(

α
2

/

3
β

)

|

t

2

/

3

≤
M

, where

M

is a positive constant. Our result shows that the long-time asymptotics of the Hirota equation can be expressed in terms of the solution of the Painlevé

II

equation.
Who bears the load? IOP-induced collagen fiber recruitment over the corneoscleral shell
Authors: Foong Tian Yong , Hua Yi , Amini Rouzbeh , Sigal Ian A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCollagen is the main load-bearing component of cornea and sclera. When stretched, both of these tissues exhibit a behavior known as collagen fiber recruitment. In recruitment, as the tissues stretch the constitutive collagen fibers lose their natural waviness, progressively straightening. Recruited, straight, fibers bear substantially more mechanical load than non-recruited, wavy, fibers. As such, the process of recruitment underlies the well-established nonlinear macroscopic behavior of the corneoscleral shell. Recruitment has an interesting implication: when recruitment is incomplete, only a fraction of the collagen fibers is actually contributing to bear the loads, with the rest remaining “in reserve”. In other words, at a given intraocular pressure (IOP), it is possible that not all the collagen fibers of the cornea and sclera are actually contributing to bear the loads.To the best of our knowledge, the fraction of corneoscleral shell fibers recruited and contributing to bear the load of IOP has not been reported. Our goal was to obtain regionally-resolved estimates of the fraction of corneoscleral collagen fibers recruited and in reserve. We developed a fiber-based microstructural constitutive model that could account for collagen fiber undulations or crimp via their tortuosity. We used experimentally-measured collagen fiber crimp tortuosity distributions in human eyes to derive region-specific nonlinear hyperelastic mechanical properties. We then built a three-dimensional axisymmetric model of the globe, assigning region-specific mechanical properties and regional anisotropy. The model was used to simulate the IOP-induced shell deformation. The model-predicted tissue stretch was then used to quantify collagen recruitment within each shell region. The calculations showed that, at low IOPs, collagen fibers in the posterior equator were recruited the fastest, such that at a physiologic IOP of 15 mmHg, over 90% of fibers were recruited, compared with only a third in the cornea and the peripapillary sclera. The differences in recruitment between regions, in turn, mean that at a physiologic IOP the posterior equator had a fiber reserve of only 10%, whereas the cornea and peripapillary sclera had two thirds. At an elevated IOP of 50 mmHg, collagen fibers in the limbus and the anterior/posterior equator were almost fully recruited, compared with 90% in the cornea and the posterior sclera, and 70% in the peripapillary sclera and the equator. That even at such an elevated IOP not all the fibers were recruited suggests that there are likely other conditions that challenge the corneoscleral tissues even more than IOP. The fraction of fibers recruited may have other potential implications. For example, fibers that are not bearing loads may be more susceptible to enzymatic digestion or remodeling. Similarly, it may be possible to control tissue stiffness through the fraction of recruited fibers without the need to add or remove collagen.
Chromosome 8 gain drives cancer progression by hijacking the translation factor 4E-BP1 sensitizing for targeted CDK4/6 inhibition
Authors: Funk Cornelius M. , Ehlers Anna C. , Orth Martin F. , Aljakouch Karim , Li Jing , Hölting Tilman L. B. , Will Rainer , Ceranski A. Katharina , Willis Franziska , Vinca Endrit , Ohmura Shunya , Imle Roland , Siebenlist Jana , Yershova Angelina , Knott Maximilian M. L. , Zahnow Felina , Sastre Ana , Alonso Javier , Sahm Felix , Peterziel Heike , Loboda Anna , Schneider Martin , Banito Ana , Leprivier Gabriel , Hartmann Wolfgang , Dirksen Uta , Witt Olaf , Oehme Ina , Pfister Stefan M. , Romero-Pérez Laura , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Cidre-Aranaz Florencia , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Musa Julian 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTChromosome 8 (chr8) gains are common in cancer. However, their potential contribution to tumor heterogeneity is largely unexplored. Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is characterized by pathognomonicFET::ETSfusions but a general paucity of other recurrent somatic mutations that could explain the observed clinical diversity. In EwS, chr8 gains are the second most common genetic alteration rendering EwS an ideal model to investigate the relevance of chr8 gains in an otherwise silent genomic context.Here, we report that chr8 gain-driven gene expression patterns correlate with poor overall survival of EwS patients. This effect is predominantly mediated by increased expression of the translation initiation factor binding protein 4E-BP1 encoded byEIF4EBP1on chr8. HighEIF4EBP1expression showed the strongest association with poor patient survival among all chr8-encoded genes and correlated with chr8 gains in EwS tumors. Similar findings were made in numerous entities of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Integrated multi-omics profiling uncovered that 4E-BP1 orchestrates a pro-proliferative proteomic network. Consistently, silencing of 4E-BP1 in the EwS model reduced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, spheroidal growthin vitro, and tumorigenesisin vivo. Drug screens and functional assays revealed that high 4E-BP1 expression sensitizes for pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibition in preclinical models.Collectively, we establish chr8 gains and high 4E-BP1 expression as prognostic biomarkers in EwS and demonstrate that their association with patient outcome is primarily mediated by 4E-BP1 orchestrating a pro-proliferative proteomic network sensitizing EwS for CDK4/6 inhibitors. Our data suggest that testing for chr8 gains may improve risk-stratification and therapeutic management in EwS and other cancers.
Hearables: Feasibility of Recording Cardiac Rhythms from Single Ear Locations
Authors: Yarici Metin , Von Rosenberg Wilhelm , Hammour Ghena , Davies Harry , Amadori Pierluigi , Ling Nico , Demiris Yiannis , Mandic Danilo P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWearable technologies are envisaged to provide critical support to future healthcare systems. Hearables - devices worn in the ear - are of particular interest due to their ability to provide health monitoring in an efficient, reliable and unobtrusive way. Despite the considerable potential of these devices, the ECG signal that can be acquired through a hearable device worn on a single ear is still relatively unexplored. Biophysics modelling of ECG volume conduction was used to establish principles behind the single ear ECG signal, and measurements of cardiac rhythms from 10 subjects were found to be in good correspondence with simulated equivalents. Additionally, the viability of the single ear ECG in real-world environments was determined through one hour duration measurements during a simulated driving task on 5 subjects. Results demonstrated that the single ear ECG resembles the Lead I signal, the most widely used ECG signal in the identification of heart conditions such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and was robust against real-world measurement noise, even after prolonged measurements. This study conclusively demonstrates that hearables can enable continuous monitoring of vital signs in an unobtrusive and seamless way, with the potential for reliable identification and management of heart conditions such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation.
Dynamics of interaction networks and species’ contributions to community-scale flexibility
Authors: Toju Hirokazu , Suzuki Sayaka S. , Baba Yuki G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArchitecture of species interaction networks is a key factor determining stability of ecological communities. However, the fact that ecological network architecture can change through time is often overlooked in discussions on community-level processes despite its theoretical importance. By compiling a time-series community dataset involving 50 spider species and 974 Hexapoda prey species/strains, we quantified the extent to which architecture of predator–prey interaction networks can shift across time points. We then developed a framework for finding species that could promote flexibility of interaction network architecture. Those “network coordinator” species are expected to promote persistence of species-rich ecological communities by buffering perturbations to communities. Although spiders are often considered as generalist predators, contributions to network flexibility varied greatly among species. We also found that detritivorous prey species can be cores of interaction rewiring, dynamically interlinking below-ground and above-ground community dynamics. Analyses of network coordinators will add a new dimension to our understanding of species coexistence mechanisms and provide platforms for systematically prioritizing species in terms of their potential contributions in ecosystem conservation and restoration.Significance StatementLike networks of human relations, webs of interactions between species are dynamically restructured through time. By compiling time-series time-series dataset including > 1,000 species/strains, we quantified the magnitude of ecological network dynamics in the wild. The analytical framework developed in this study highlighted “network coordinator” species, which are keys to conserve and restore endangered ecosystems.