bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised classification of CIGALE galaxy spectra
Authors: Dubois J. , Fraix-Burnet D. , Moultaka J. , Sharma P. , Burgarella D. 
Published: May 2022

Aims. Our study aims at providing deeper insight into the power and limitation of an unsupervised classification algorithm (called Fisher-EM) on spectra of galaxies. This algorithm uses a Gaussian mixture in a discriminative latent subspace. To this end, we investigate the capacity of this algorithm to segregate the physical parameters used to generate mock spectra and the influence of the noise on the classification.
Methods. With the code CIGALE and different values for nine input parameters characterising the stellar population, we simulated a sample of 11 475 optical spectra of galaxies containing 496 monochromatic fluxes. The statistical model and the optimum number of clusters are given in Fisher-EM by the integrated completed likelihood (ICL) criterion. We repeated the analyses several times to assess the robustness of the results.
Results. Two distinct classifications can be distinguished in the case of the noiseless spectra. The classification with more than 13 clusters disappears when noise is added, while the classification with 12 clusters is very robust against noise down to a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3. At S/N = 1, the optimum is 5 clusters, but the classification is still compatible with the previous classification. The distribution of the parameters used for the simulation shows an excellent discrimination between classes. A higher dispersion both in the spectra within each class and in the parameter distribution leads us to conclude that despite a much higher ICL, the classification with more than 13 clusters in the noiseless case is not physically relevant.
Conclusions. This study yields two conclusions that are valid at least for the Fisher-EM algorithm. Firstly, the unsupervised classification of spectra of galaxies is both reliable and robust to noise. Secondly, such analyses are able to extract the useful physical information contained in the spectra and to build highly meaningful classifications. In an epoch of data-driven astrophysics, it is important to trust unsupervised machine-learning approaches that do not require training samples that are unavoidably biased.
Radiation pressure on dust explaining the low ionized broad emission lines in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Naddaf M. H. , Czerny B. 
Published: May 2022

Context.Broad emission lines are the most characteristic features in the spectra of galaxies with an active galactic nucleus (AGN). They mostly show either single-peaked or double-peaked profiles and originate from a complex dynamics of the likely discrete clouds moving in a spatially extended region known as the broad line region (BLR).Aims.In this paper, we present a large grid of results, which is used to test the model based on calculations of the spectral line generic profiles.Methods.We followed a non-hydrodynamical single-cloud approach to BLR dynamics based on a radiatively dust-driven model. We previously showed in detail that the 2.5D version of the model could provide us with the 3D geometry of the BLR.Results.We show that the shape of profiles not only depends on the accretion rate of the source, the black hole mass, and the viewing angle, but it is most significantly affected by the adopted dust-to-gas mass ratio regulating the strength of the radiation pressure. We also show that the model can aptly explain the low ionized broad emission lines of the mean spectrum of quasars, such as MgII and Hβ.Conclusions.The radiatively dust-driving mechanism can appropriately account for the low-ionized part of BLR of AGNs.
Three new brown dwarfs and a massive hot Jupiter revealed by TESS around early-type stars
Authors: Psaridi Angelica , Bouchy François , Lendl Monika , Grieves Nolan , Stassun Keivan G. , Carmichael Theron , Gill Samuel , Peña Rojas Pablo A. , Gan Tianjun , Shporer Avi , Bieryla Allyson , Brahm Rafael , Christiansen Jessie L. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Galland Franck , Hooton Matthew J. , Jenkins Jon M. , Jenkins James S. , Latham David W. , Lund Michael B. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Ting Eric B. , Udry Stéphane , Ulmer-Moll Solène , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Zhang Yanzhe , Zhou George , Addison Brett , Cointepas Marion , Collins Karen A. , Collins Kevin I. , Deline Adrien , Dressing Courtney D. , Evans Phil , Giacalone Steven , Heitzmann Alexis , Mireles Ismael , Mounzer Dany , Otegi Jon , Radford Don J. , Rudat Alexander , Schlieder Joshua E. , Schwarz Richard P. , Srdoc Gregor , Stockdale Chris , Suarez Olga , Wright Duncan J. , Zhao Yinan 
Published: May 2022

Context. The detection and characterization of exoplanets and brown dwarfs around massive AF-type stars is essential to investigate and constrain the impact of stellar mass on planet properties. However, such targets are still poorly explored in radial velocity (RV) surveys because they only feature a small number of stellar lines and those are usually broadened and blended by stellar rotation as well as stellar jitter. As a result, the available information about the formation and evolution of planets and brown dwarfs around hot stars is limited.
Aims. We aim to increase the sample and precisely measure the masses and eccentricities of giant planets and brown dwarfs transiting early-type stars detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
Methods. We followed bright (V < 12 mag) stars with Teff > 6200 K that host giant companions (R > 7 R⊕) using ground-based photometric observations as well as high precision radial velocity measurements from the CORALIE, CHIRON, TRES, FEROS, and MINERVA-Australis spectrographs.
Results. In the context of the search for exoplanets and brown dwarfs around early-type stars, we present the discovery of three brown dwarf companions, TOI-629b, TOI-1982b, and TOI-2543b, and one massive planet, TOI-1107b. From the joint analysis of TESS and ground-based photometry in combination with high precision radial velocity measurements, we find the brown dwarfs have masses between 66 and 68 MJup, periods between 7.54 and 17.17 days, and radii between 0.95 and 1.11 RJup. The hot Jupiter TOI-1107b has an orbital period of 4.08 days, a radius of 1.30 RJup, and a mass of 3.35 MJup. As a by-product of this program, we identified four low-mass eclipsing components (TOI-288b, TOI-446b, TOI-478b, and TOI-764b).
Conclusions. Both TOI-1107b and TOI-1982b present an anomalously inflated radius with respect to the age of these systems. TOI-629 is among the hottest stars with a known transiting brown dwarf. TOI-629b and TOI-1982b are among the most eccentric brown dwarfs. The massive planet and the three brown dwarfs add to the growing population of well-characterized giant planets and brown dwarfs transiting AF-type stars and they reduce the apparent paucity.
Creation of a Pediatric Sedation Risk Assessment Scoring System: A Novel Method to Stratify Risk
Authors: Couloures Kevin G. , Anderson Michael P. , Hill C. L. , Chen Allshine , Buckmaster Mark A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to create a pediatric sedation scoring system independent of the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification that is predictive of adverse events, facilitates objective stratification, and resource allocation. Multivariable regression and machine learning algorithm analysis of 134,973 sedation encounters logged in to the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium (PSRC) database between July 2007 and June 2011. Patient and procedure variables were correlated with adverse events with resultant β-regression coefficients used to assign point values to each variable. Point values were then summed to create a risk assessment score. Validation of the model was performed with the 2011 to 2013 PSRC database followed by calculation of ROC curves and positive predictive values. Factors identified and resultant point values are as follows: 1 point: age ≤ 6 months, cardiac diagnosis, asthma, weight less than 5th percentile or greater than 95th, and computed tomography (CT) scan; 2 points: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and weight greater than 99th percentile; 4 points: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 5 points: trisomy 21 and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD); 7 points: cough at the time of examination; and 18 points: bronchoscopy. Sum of patient and procedural values produced total risk assessment scores. Total risk assessment score of 5 had a sensitivity of 82.69% and a specificity of 26.22%, while risk assessment score of 11 had a sensitivity of 12.70% but a specificity of 95.29%. Inclusion of ASA-PS value did not improve model sensitivity or specificity and was thus excluded. Higher risk assessment scores predicted increased likelihood of adverse events during sedation. The score can be used to triage patients independent of ASA-PS with site-specific cut-off values used to determine appropriate sedation resource allocation.
Effect of Rotavirus Infection on Serum Micronutrients and Atopy in Children
Authors: Basaran Meryem Keceli , Dogan Caner , Sursal Alihan , Ozdener Fatih 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective Rotavirus is a highly infectious and prevalent ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that causes fatal gastroenteritis in children. Despite vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to infections, the relationship between ferritin and vitamin B12 levels is not known. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of rotavirus on micronutrient levels, atopy, and the frequency of allergic diseases in children with rotavirus.Methods There were rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVG) (N = 92) and non-rotavirus (control) groups (N = 95). Serum micronutrient levels (B12, ferritin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OH-D3]) were checked during the first control after gastroenteritis healed. Patients were also examined for allergic diseases on an average of 17 (14–32) months following rotavirus infection. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil count, and percentage were analyzed. Skin tests and respiratory function tests were also performed on patients with allergic disease and asthma symptoms.Results Mean ferritin, B12, and 25-OH-D3 levels were lower in the RVG group compared with the control group. Allergic diseases in the RVG group were more frequent than in the control group. The prevalence of the allergic disease in the RVG group was 16.3%, as opposed to 5.2% in the control group (p = 0.014). The IgE level was significantly higher in the RVG group.Conclusion Children with rotavirus infection should be followed closely in terms of allergic diseases and micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, rotavirus infection should be prevented in the society and early treatment should be made available via tests detecting micronutrient deficiency.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Children and Families in PICU Follow-Up Clinic
Authors: Barcat Lucile , Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève Du , Jutras Camille , Harrington Karen , MacDonald Simon , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the lives of many families, especially those of children with chronic health problems. Little is known about the impact of this pandemic on the health and well-being of critically ill children and their families after their discharge from pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization. This study describes the repercussions of the COVID-19-related lockdown on the physical and psychological wellbeing, quality of life, and access to resources of PICU survivors and their families. This was a prospective cohort study of children and families followed at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine PICU follow-up clinic from October 2018 to February 2020. Families were contacted by phone to complete validated questionnaires (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their access to medical care and extrafamilial support. Fifty-five families were contacted between November and December 2020. Quality of life scores were 88.1 ± 16.9 and 83.8 ± 13.9 for physical and psychosocial aspects, respectively. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were detected in 23.6 and 3.6% of respondent parents, respectively. A significant proportion of families reported canceled or delayed health care appointments (65.5%) and difficulty with medication access (12.7%). Twenty-five families (45.5%) reported a significant decrease in income. We could not identify any statistically significant predictors for lower quality of life scores. Difficulty accessing medical care was associated with higher symptoms of anxiety and/or depression in parents on multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on PICU survivors' access to medical resources and extrafamilial support.
Pulse Oximetry and Perfusion Index Screening for Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang S. L. , Zhan Y. J. , Yan P. , Yue Y. , Tang J. 
Published: May 2022

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common neonatal malformations and are a leading cause of infant death in developed countries. Finding safe and effective diagnostic methods to screen for CHDs is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulse oximetry (PO) and perfusion index (PI) in screening CHD. We conducted a systematic review of studies in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published on or before October 1, 2021. Studies based on PICOS were included in this systematic review. The flow chart is made by PRISMA software. The quality of included studies was assessed by RevMan5 software (QUADAS-2: Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2). The sensitivity, specificity, and other measurements of accuracy were pooled using Stata/SE 12.0 software. Five studies containing 46,965 neonates were included in this study. A randomized-effects model was used for the meta-analysis because of significant heterogeneity. The combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.57–1.00), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89–0.94). The combination PO and PI was significant in CHD screening. Once diagnosed by the combined method, it means that the neonate is most likely to have a CHD.
Key Points
Assessment of Serum Interleukin-27 and Mean Platelet Volume in Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Tosson Angie M. S. , Koptan Dina M. T. , Kamal Mohamed , Abd Elhady Marwa 
Published: May 2022

Objective Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality among neonates. The use of nonculture-based tools for early diagnosis is an area of active investigation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum interleukin-27 (IL-27) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in full-term neonates with LOS.
Study Design In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 90 full-term newborns were assigned to two equal-matched groups as follows: (1) culture-proven sepsis and (2) control groups. Clinical data and laboratory findings as complete blood pictures, including MPV, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and blood culture results, were recorded. Moreover, IL-27 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results IL-27 levels (median = 4,364 pg/mL) and MPV (mean = 12.02 ± 1.54 FL) were significantly higher in the culture-proven sepsis group than in the control group (p < 0.001). For IL-27, the optimum cut-off value for the diagnosis of LOS was 283.8 pg/mL with sensitivity and specificity of 97.8 and 100%, respectively. For MPV, the optimum cut-off value was 11.6 FL, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 77.8 and 97.8%, respectively.
Conclusion IL-27 and MPV are promising markers for the diagnosis of LOS in full-term neonates. The diagnostic performance of IL-27 was superior to MPV.
Key Points
DNA methylation clocks for dogs and humans
Authors: Horvath Steve , Lu Ake T. , Haghani Amin , Zoller Joseph A. , Li Caesar Z. , Lim Andrea R. , Brooke Robert T. , Raj Ken , Serres-Armero Aitor , Dreger Dayna L. , Hogan Andrew N. , Plassais Jocelyn , Ostrander Elaine A. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Epigenetic estimators of age (known as clocks) allow one to identify interventions that slow or reverse aging. Previous epigenetic clocks only applied to one species at a time. Here, we describe epigenetic clocks that apply to both dogs and humans. These clocks, which measure methylation levels in highly conserved stretches of the DNA, promise to increase the likelihood that interventions that reverse epigenetic age in one species will have the same effect in the other.
Isolation enhancement in dual-band MIMO antenna by using metamaterial and slot structures for WLAN applications
Authors: Li Yujun , Yang Helin , Cheng Houyuan , Wu Jiong , Yang Yuejie , Hua Lina , Wang Youcheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with enhanced isolation operating in 2.35–2.50 GHz and 5.13–5.88 GHz bands is investigated and presented. The proposed antenna system is deformed from two inverted-F antennas, and the distance between the antenna elements is only 0.104

λ

(

λ

—wavelength of 2.4 GHz). To enhance isolation and reduce mutual coupling, the metamaterial and slot structures are efficiently and innovatively designed on the ground plane for two bands. Both decoupling methods effectively improve the antenna isolation, with metamaterials acting on the lower band and slots acting on the higher band. The mutual coupling at 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz is reduced by 15.24 dB and 8.19 dB, respectively. Then, the optimized MIMO antenna can cover both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) bands, and has the advantages of wideband, compact size, good radiation, enhanced isolation, and low envelope correlation coefficient. The measured results agree with the simulated results, which shows that the proposed MIMO antenna system has potential application value in WLAN system.
Tunable Majorana corner modes by orbital-dependent exchange interaction in a two-dimensional topological superconductor
Authors: Lu Bo , Zhang Yiying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We theoretically study the effect of orbital-dependent exchange field in the formation of second order topological superconductors. We demonstrate that changing the orbital difference can induce topological transition and the Majorana corner modes therein can be manipulated. We further propose to detect the corner modes via a normal probe terminal. The conductance quantization is found to be robust to changes of the relevant system parameters.
Pulmonary CT scans of white rabbits using the selective photon shield technique of the third-generation dual-source CT
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Tan Hui , Wang Yi , Xie An , Tan Xianzheng , Liu Peng , Xu Dan , Huang Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aims to optimise the protocol for the low-dose pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scanning of infants by studying the effects of the selective photon shield (SPS) technique of the third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) on the image quality and radiation dose of a chest CT in white rabbits under different tube currents. Twelve white rabbits of a similar weight to an infant were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental groups (A1–A5) were scanned at low dose by the third-generation DSCT using SPS under different tube current × time (60, 50, 40, 30, and 20 mAs). The control group (B) was scanned under a conventional tube voltage (100 kV) and current × time (20 mAs). Advanced model iterative reconstruction at strength three was used for the objective and subjective evaluation of the image quality and radiation dose of the lung and mediastinal windows. With the standard deviation of the air in the trachea as image noise, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio, and CT values of each site were evaluated. Radiation doses were compared using the volume CT dose index, dose length product, and effective dose. The differences in subjective image quality between groups A2 and B were not statistically significant (P = 0.34). The differences in the SNRs of the lung and mediastinal windows between groups A2 and B were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The radiation dose of group A2 was 83.2% lower than that of group B. The SPS of the third-generation DSCT under 50 mAs might be applied in the pulmonary CT examination of infants.
Adjuvant-free cellulose nanofiber vaccine induces permanent humoral immune response in mouse
Authors: Ma Ronglin , Xia Wei , Zhang Rui , Fan Guojia , Sun Libin , Qiu Lei , Cui Jinxin , Ju Songwen , Wu Pingping , Yang Jie , Xiong Jian , Yu Qiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vaccines have become one of the most effective strategies to deal with various infectious diseases and chronic noninfectious diseases, such as SARS virus, Novel Coronavirus, cancer, etc. However, recent studies have found that the neutralizing antibody titers induced by vaccines would drop to half level or even lower after vaccination. In this study, we designed a novel small-sized positively charged nanofiber-1 (PEI-CNF-1) as a vaccine carrier, which can induce a high long-term humoral immune response by controlled release of antigen. Further studies showed that PEI-CNF-1 could significantly induce the release of immune response factor IL-1β and bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) maturation. Moreover, compare to other cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), PEI-CNF-1 combined antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) induced and maintained the highest and longest antibody titers after vaccination. Interestingly, the antibody titers have no significant difference between at 21 and 90 d. Mechanically, we found that PEI-NCF-1 not only could control the slow-release of antigen, but also could be more easily swallowed by macrophages and metabolized by the bodies, thus presenting antigen more effectively. In conclusion, we believe that PEI-CNF-1 have a very high application prospect in inducing long-term humoral immune response, so as to achieve efficient prevention effect to epidemic viruses.
Local charge transport at different interfaces in epoxy composites
Authors: Jia Beibei , Zhou Jun , Chen Yuqing , Lv Zepeng , Guo Haomin , Zhang Zixuan , Zhu Zihe , Yu Haoyu , Wang Yang , Wu Kai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Charge transport in insulating composites is fundamental to designing high performance in electrical breakdown strength processes. A fundamental understanding of the charge transport at nanoscale in insulating composites remains elusive. Herein, we fabricate two types of interfaces in epoxy (EP) composites (Al2O3/EP and bubble/EP, respectively). Then the local dynamic charge mobility behavior and charge density are explored using in situ Kelvin probe force microscopy. After the external voltage in the horizontal direction is applied, significant differences are demonstrated in the evolution of charge transport for epoxy matrix, filler/bubble, and their interface, respectively. The interface between Al2O3 and epoxy is easier to accumulate the negative charges and introduce shallow traps. Lots of positive charges are located around a bubble where deeper traps are present and could prevent charge migration. Thus, this work offers extended experimental support to understanding the mechanism of charge transport in dielectric composites.