bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and experimental treatment of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Long S Alice , Buckner Jane H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Disease progression occurs along a trajectory from genetic risk, the development of islet autoantibodies, and autoreactive T cells ultimately progressing to clinical disease. Natural history studies and mechanistic studies linked to clinical trials have provided insight into the role of the immune system in disease pathogenesis. Here, we review our current understanding of the underlying etiology of T1D, focusing on the immune cell types that have been implicated in progression from pre-symptomatic T1D to clinical diagnosis and established disease. This knowledge has been foundational for the development of immunotherapies aimed at the prevention and treatment of T1D.
Gallup Democracy in Exercising the NATO Membership Option: The Cases of Finland and Sweden
Authors: Kanniainen Vesa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article asks whether the exercising of the NATO membership option is justified for Finland and Sweden in the light of their geopolitical state after Russia’s attack on Ukraine. It was the Gallup democracy, which launched the political moves toward the membership. In both countries, the majority of people turned to favor the membership within 2–3 months. Finland activated first. Sweden was fast in catching up with the Finnish process. The theory of option pricing is employed to analyze the optimal timing of exercising the option when the uncertainty regarding the value of the membership is rapidly diluting. The Turkish intervention in the membership process after the membership applications of Finland and Sweden were delivered suggests a bargaining phase once the application is delivered. Finally, the effects of the Gallup surveys on the political equilibrium are analyzed in a voter–politician model (JEL codes: D72, D74, and H56).
Periodontal ligament cells derived small extracellular vesicles are involved in orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Zhang Yimei , Zhang Ting , Zhang Ziqian , Su Junxiang , Wu Xiaowen , Chen Liyuan , Ge Xuejun , Wang Xiujing , Jiang Nan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryObjectivesSmall extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are closely associated with periodontal homeostasis. Far less is known about EVs association with orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study aimed to explore the role of small EVs originated from hPDLCs during OTM.Materials and methodsAdult C57BL/6 mice were used. Springs were bonded to the upper first molars of mice for 7 days to induce OTM in vivo. To block small EVs release, GW4869 was intraperitoneally injected and the efficacy of small EVs inhibition in periodontal ligament was verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Tooth movement distance and osteoclastic activity were studied. In vitro, hPDLCs were isolated and administered compressive force in the EV-free culture media. The cell morphologies and CD63 expression of hPDLCs were studied. Small EVs were purified and characterized using a scanning electron microscope, TEM, western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The expression of proteins in the small EVs was further processed and validated using a human immuno-regulated cytokines array and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe small EV depletion significantly decreased the distance and osteoclastic activity of OTM in the mice. The hPDLCs displayed different morphologies under force compression and CD63 expression level decreased verified by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Small EVs purified from supernatants of the hPDLCs showed features with &lt;200 nm diameter, the positive EVs marker CD63, and the negative Golgi body marker GM130. The number of small EVs particles increased in hPDLCs suffering force stimuli. According to the proteome array, the level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) displayed the most significant fold change in small EVs under compressive force and this was further confirmed using an ELISA.LimitationsFurther mechanism studies are warranted to validate the hPDLC-originated small EVs function in OTM through proteins delivery.ConclusionsThe notable decrease in the OTM distance after small EV blocking and the significant alteration of the sICAM-1 level in the hPDLC-originated small EVs under compression provide a new vista into small EV-related OTM biology.
A polygenic risk score predicts atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Marston Nicholas A , Garfinkel Amanda C , Kamanu Frederick K , Melloni Giorgio M , Roselli Carolina , Jarolim Petr , Berg David D , Bhatt Deepak L , Bonaca Marc P , Cannon Christopher P , Giugliano Robert P , O’Donoghue Michelle L , Raz Itamar , Scirica Benjamin M , Braunwald Eugene , Morrow David A , Ellinor Patrick T , Lubitz Steven A , Sabatine Marc S , Ruff Christian T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Interest in targeted screening programmes for atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased, yet the role of genetics in identifying patients at highest risk of developing AF is unclear.

Methods and results
A total of 36,662 subjects without prior AF were analyzed from four TIMI trials. Subjects were divided into quintiles using a validated polygenic risk score (PRS) for AF. Clinical risk for AF was calculated using the CHARGE-AF model. Kaplan–Meier event rates, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), C-indices, and net reclassification improvement were used to determine if the addition of the PRS improved prediction compared with clinical risk and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Over 2.3 years, 1018 new AF cases developed. AF PRS predicted a significant risk gradient for AF with a 40% increased risk per 1-SD increase in PRS [HR: 1.40 (1.32–1.49); P &lt; 0.001]. Those with high AF PRS (top 20%) were more than two-fold more likely to develop AF [HR 2.45 (1.99–3.03), P &lt; 0.001] compared with low PRS (bottom 20%). Furthermore, PRS provided an additional gradient of risk stratification on top of the CHARGE-AF clinical risk score, ranging from a 3-year incidence of 1.3% in patients with low clinical and genetic risk to 8.7% in patients with high clinical and genetic risk. The subgroup of patients with high clinical risk, high PRS, and elevated NT-proBNP had an AF risk of 16.7% over 3 years. The C-index with the CHARGE-AF clinical risk score alone was 0.65, which improved to 0.67 (P &lt; 0.001) with the addition of NT-proBNP, and increased further to 0.70 (P &lt; 0.001) with the addition of the PRS.

Conclusion
In patients with cardiovascular conditions, AF PRS is a strong independent predictor of incident AF that provides complementary predictive value when added to a validated clinical risk score and NT-proBNP.
Effects of low phosphorus availability on root cambial activity, biomass production and root morphological pattern in two clones of Chinese fir
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Haroon U , Guo Haolan , Zheng Shanshan , Li Linxin , Ma Xiangqing , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Nawaz Muhammad Farrakh , Gautam Narayan Prasad , Wu Pengfei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is a crucial limiting nutrient for plant growth and development in terrestrial ecosystems. As one of the most important subtropical coniferous tree species, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plays a major role in timber supply, climate mitigation and forest recreation. In this study, two Chinese fir clones (020 and 061) with a high growth rate were subjected to two levels of P supply in a greenhouse pot experiment: P-deficient P0 (no P supply) and P-replete P1 (1.0 mmol L−1 KH2PO4). Our objectives were to study the differences in morphology and growth patterns, cambial development mechanism and secondary root growth. Root sampling was performed at 40, 80 and 120 days after treatment initiation. Results indicated that the P-replete condition produced more root cambial cells (RCCs) in third class (larger) roots of clone-061 than in those of clone-020; concomitantly, clone-061 showed significantly greater stem height (42.87 ± 1.33 cm), root collar diameter (5.45 ± 0.126 mm), root average diameter (RAD, third class = 1.27 ± 0.04 mm) in different root classes and whole-plant biomass (7.55 ± 0.69 g) compared with clone-020 under the P-replete condition. Root diameter and biomass increase due to higher cambial activity resulted in greater seedling quality. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the number of RCCs and root morphological traits (root length, root surface area, RAD and root volume). Root development was significantly promoted by cambium activity in the P-replete environment, thereby enhancing plant secondary growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest that clone-061 would be more useful for enhancing production. Regarding commercial purposes, these findings will contribute to the improvement of P fertilization efficiency.
Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Are Associated with Physical Functioning Outcomes Among Cognitively Normal Adults in the Multiethnic HABS-HD Cohort
Authors: O’Bryant Sid E , Petersen Melissa , Hall James R , Large Stephanie , Johnson Leigh A ,   HABS-HD Study Team, O’Bryant Sid E , Yaffe Kristine , Toga Arthur , Rissman Robert , Johnson Leigh , Braskie Meredith , King Kevin , Borzage Matthew , Hall James R , Petersen Melissa , Palmer Raymond , Barber Robert , Shi Yonggang , Zhang Fan , Nandy Rajesh , McColl Roderick , Mason David , Christian Bradley , Philips Nicole , Large Stephanie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we examined the link between plasma Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers and physical functioning outcomes within a community-dwelling, multiethnic cohort. Data from 1 328 cognitively unimpaired participants (n = 659 Mexican American and n = 669 non-Hispanic White) from the ongoing Health & Aging Brain Study—Health Disparities (HABS-HD) cohort were examined. Plasma AD biomarkers (amyloid beta [Aβ]40, Aβ42, total tau [t-tau], and neurofilament light chain [NfL]) were assayed using the ultra-sensitive Simoa platform. Physical functioning measures were the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Cross-sectional linear regression analyses revealed that plasma Aβ 40 (p &lt; .001), Aβ 42 (p = .003), and NfL (p &lt; .001) were each significantly associated with TUG time in seconds. Plasma Aβ 40 (p &lt; .001), Aβ 42 (p &lt; .001), t-tau (p = .002), and NfL (p &lt; .001) were each significantly associated with SPPB Total Score. Additional analyses demonstrate that the link between plasma AD biomarkers and physical functioning outcomes were strongest among Mexican Americans. Plasma AD biomarkers are receiving a great deal of attention in the literature and are now available clinically including use in clinical trials. The examination of AD biomarkers and physical functioning may allow for the development of risk profiles, which could stratify a person’s risk for neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, based on plasma AD biomarkers, physical functioning, ethnicity, or a combination of these measures prior to the onset of cognitive impairment.
Genomic features of renal cell carcinoma developed during end-stage renal disease and dialysis
Authors: Johnson Todd A , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Fujita Masashi , An Jisong , Ju Young-Seok , Maejima Kazuhiro , Kanazashi Yuki , Jikuya Ryosuke , Okawa Yuki , Sasagawa Shota , Yagi Ken , Okazaki Yasushi , Kuroda Naoto , Takata Ryo , Obara Wataru , Nakagawa Hidewaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or receiving dialysis have a much higher risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but carcinogenic mechanisms and genomic features remain little explored and undefined. This study’s goal was to identify the genomic features of ESRD RCC and characterize them for associations with tumor histology and dialysis exposure. In this study, we obtained 33 RCCs, with various histological subtypes, that developed in ESRD patients receiving dialysis and performed whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome analyses. Driver events, copy-number alteration (CNA) analysis and mutational signature profiling were performed using an analysis pipeline that integrated data from germline and somatic SNVs, Indels and structural variants as well as CNAs, while transcriptome data were analyzed for differentially expressed genes and through gene set enrichment analysis. ESRD related clear cell RCCs’ driver genes and mutations mirrored those in sporadic ccRCCs. Longer dialysis periods significantly correlated with a rare mutational signature SBS23, whose etiology is unknown, and increased mitochondrial copy number. All acquired cystic disease (ACD)-RCCs, which developed specifically in ESRD patients, showed chromosome 16q amplification. Gene expression analysis suggests similarity between certain ACD-RCCs and papillary RCCs and in TCGA papillary RCCs with chromosome 16 gain identified enrichment for genes related to DNA repair, as well as pathways related to reactive oxygen species, oxidative phosphorylation and targets of Myc. This analysis suggests that ESRD or dialysis could induce types of cellular stress that impact some specific types of genomic damage leading to oncogenesis.
Enhancement of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by a Third Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Japanese Healthcare Workers
Authors: Miyakawa Kei , Kato Hideaki , Ohtake Norihisa , Jeremiah Sundararaj Stanleyraj , Ryo Akihide 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness. We investigated humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers before and after a third (booster) dose of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine. It significantly enhanced both humoral and cellular immunity in previously uninfected individuals. However, cellular immunity was not enhanced in previously infected persons, suggesting that 3 antigenic stimuli by vaccination or natural infection reached a plateau of cellular immunity. Even with reinforced immunity to SARS-CoV-2, we confirmed several postbooster breakthrough cases caused by the Omicron variant.
Biomarkers for monitoring the equine large intestinal inflammatory response to stress-induced dysbiosis and probiotic supplementation
Authors: Collinet Axelle , Grimm Pauline , Jacotot Emmanuel , Julliand Véronique 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Large intestine barrier disturbances can have serious consequences for the health of horses. The loss of mucosal integrity that leads to increased intestinal permeability may result from a local inflammatory immune response following alterations of the microbiota, known as dysbiosis. Therefore, our research aimed to identify noninvasive biomarkers for studying the intestinal permeability and the local inflammatory immune response in horses. Regarding the biomarkers used in other mammalian species, we measured the concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), reflected by 3-OH C14, C16, and C18 fatty acids, in blood, and fecal secretory immunoglobulin-A (SIgA). These biomarkers were evaluated in two trials including 9 and 12 healthy horses, which developed large intestinal dysbiosis experimentally induced by 5 d of antibiotic administration (trimethoprim sulfadiazine [TMS]) or 5 d of abrupt introduction of high starch levels (barley) into the diet. Horses were either control or supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, and Bifidobacterium lactis. Correlations were performed between biomarkers and fecal bacterial diversity, composition, and function. No significant interaction between day and supplementation, or supplementation effect were observed for each biomarker. However, with the dietary stressor, a significant increase in blood concentrations of 3-OH C16 (P = 0.0125) and C14 (P = 0.0252) fatty acids was measured 2 d after the cessation of barley administration. Furthermore, with the antibiotic stressor, blood levels of 3-OH C16 progressively increased (P = 0.0114) from the first day to 2 d after the end of TMS administration. No significant day effect was observed for fecal SIgA concentrations for both stressors. These results indicate that both antibiotic- and diet-induced dysbiosis resulted in a local translocation of LPS 2 d after the cessation of the stressor treatments, suggesting an impairment of intestinal permeability, without detectable local inflammation. Blood LPS and fecal SIgA concentrations were significantly correlated with several bacterial variations in the large intestine, which are features of antibiotic- and diet-induced dysbiosis. These findings support the hypothesis that a relationship exists between dysbiosis and the loss of mucosal integrity in the large intestine of horses.
Apparent digestibility of energy and nutrients and efficiency of microbial phytase is influenced by body weight of pigs
Authors: Lagos L Vanessa , Bedford Mike R , Stein Hans H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that regardless of pig body weight (BW), increasing dietary phytase results in increased phytate degradation and improved digestibility of minerals, amino acids (AA), and gross energy (GE). Eighteen pigs were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a triplicated 6 × 3 Youden square design with six diets and three collection periods of 7 d, for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. This design was repeated four times to simulate four production phases, and there was a 7-d resting period before each collection phase started (BW at start of collections: 29.3, 53.6, 85.1, and 114.4 kg for phases 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Six corn-soybean meal diets were formulated by including 0, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 phytase units/kg feed (FTU). The six diets were used throughout the experiment. Samples of feces and ileal digesta were collected in each period. Results indicated that regardless of pig BW, increasing inclusion of phytase increased (quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and most AA, increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca, P, K, Mg (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05), and Na (linear; P &lt; 0.05), but decreased (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) AID and ATTD of GE. In all phases, ileal concentrations of inositol phosphate (IP) 6, IP5, IP4, and IP3 decreased (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05), whereas ileal inositol increased (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) with increasing dietary phytase. However, as pig BW increased, AID of GE, CP, and AA increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05), and the AID of a few AA (Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Ala, Asp, Gly, and Ser) also increased quadratically (P &lt; 0.05). The ATTD of GE, K, and Mg increased (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05), but ATTD of Ca and Na (linear; P &lt; 0.05) and of P (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) decreased as pig BW increased. Ileal IP6 and IP3 (linear and quadratic; P &lt; 0.05) and ileal IP5 and IP4 (linear; P &lt; 0.05) increased, whereas ileal inositol decreased (linear; P &lt; 0.05) as pig BW increased. In conclusion, regardless of pig BW, increasing dietary phytase increased phytate degradation and inositol release in the small intestine, and consequently increased mineral and AA digestibility. Older pigs have reduced Ca, P, and Na digestibility, but increased K, Mg, AA, and GE digestibility compared with younger pigs. The efficiency of dietary phytase to degrade phytate appears to decrease as pigs get older.
AI agency vs. human agency: understanding human–AI interactions on TikTok and their implications for user engagement
Authors: Kang Hyunjin , Lou Chen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) technology has vastly reshaped user experiences on social media. AI-powered social media use and its outcomes largely depend on how users collaborate with AI that exercises agency. Through in-depth interviews with TikTok users, this study investigates how users collaborate with AI when using AI-powered social media and how such dynamics shape user engagement. We found that TikTok users are receptive to personalized experiences enabled by machine agency. However, by influencing each other, user agency and machine agency also led to user–AI synergy. Users deliberately influence content curation algorithms to make them cater more precisely to their needs; AI also facilitates users’ content creation and networking. Such AI–user collaboration on TikTok significantly influences medium engagement and social-interactive engagement. These findings advance our understanding of the dynamics between human agency and machine agency and, thus, how AI transforms user experiences on social media.
Identification and Bioassays of Sex-Specific Compounds From a Nuisance Net-Spinning Caddisfly Smicridea fasciatella (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Authors: Cavallaro Michael C , Medeiros Matthew J , Halloran Sean , Millar Jocelyn G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Municipalities in Arizona and Nevada along the Colorado River are subject to seasonal mass emergences of a nuisance net-spinning caddisfly, Smicridea fasciatella McLachlan (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Here, we describe the characterization and field testing of S. fasciatella extracts to evaluate their potential as lures in baited traps. Solvent extracts of external (i.e., full body—cuticular hydrocarbon, abdominal hexane washes) and internal (i.e., crushed abdomen) parts of adult S. fasciatella were prepared from both sexes, and analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Several sex-specific compounds were identified, including (6Z,9Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene from males, and 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone, and a heptadecene isomer from females. Extracts from both sexes were also analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (EAD) using antennae of males for detection. Antennae of males weakly responded to 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, and to their corresponding alcohols, 2-undecanol and 2-tridecanol, which were included in field tests. Extracts of adult males did not elicit a response from male antennae, suggesting that males do not produce aggregation pheromones attractive to other males. The synchronized, dense populations of lekking males and other possible mating signals (e.g., visual recognition) may have contributed to the minimal attraction seen to test lures deployed in PHEROCON 1C traps. Overall, our results suggest that for this species, attractant pheromones have minimal or no role in bringing the sexes together for mating.
The Genus Haemaphysalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Laos: An Update of Species Records and a Review of Taxonomic Challenges
Authors: Vongphayloth Khamsing , Apanaskevich Dmitry A , Lakeomany Khaithong , Phommavanh Nothasine , Sinh Nam Vu , Fiorenzano Jodi M , Hertz Jeffrey C , Sutherland Ian W , Brey Paul T , Robbins Richard G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, is the largest genus of ticks in Southeast Asia, but little information is available concerning the species present in Laos. Recent research has yielded records for 10 Haemaphysalis species in Laos, including 5 new records, as well as 3 morphological entities of uncertain status. Further morphological and molecular studies are needed to clarify our taxonomic understanding of this genus in Southeast Asia.