bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honing-in antigen-specific cells during antibody discovery: a user-friendly process to mine a deeper repertoire
Authors: Mahendra Ankit , Haque Aftabul , Prabakaran Ponraj , Mackness Brian C. , Fuller Thomas P. , Liu Xiaohua , Kathuria Sagar V. , Wang Yui-Hsi , Amatya Nilesh , Yu Xiaocong , Hopke Joern , Hoffmann Dietmar , Bric-Furlong Eva , Zhang Ningning , Cho Hyun-Suk , Zhang Ruijun , Sancho Jose , Saleh Jacqueline , Rao Sambasiva P. , Wendt Maria , Chowdhury Partha S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmunization based antibody discovery is plagued by the paucity of antigen-specific B cells. Identifying these cells is akin to finding needle in a haystack. Current and emerging technologies while effective, are limited in terms of capturing the antigen-specific repertoire. We report on the bulk purification of antigen-specific B-cells and the benefits it offers to various antibody discovery platforms. Using five different antigens, we show hit rates of 51–88%, compared to about 5% with conventional methods. We also show that this purification is highly efficient with loss of only about 2% antigen specific cells. Furthermore, we compared clones in which cognate chains are preserved with those from display libraries in which chains either from total B cells (TBC) or antigen-specific B cells (AgSC) underwent combinatorial pairing. We found that cognate chain paired clones and combinatorial clones from AgSC library had higher frequency of functional clones and showed greater diversity in sequence and paratope compared to clones from the TBC library. This antigen-specific B-cell selection technique exemplifies a process improvement with reduced cycle time and cost, by removing undesired clones prior to screening and increasing the chance of capturing desirable and rare functional clones in the repertoire.
Orbital-scale dynamic vegetation feedback caused the Holocene precipitation decline in northern China
Authors: Li Xinzhou , Liu Xiaodong , Pan Zaitao , Xie Xiaoning , Shi Zhengguo , Wang Zhaosheng , Bai Aijuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProxy-based reconstructed precipitation in northern China shows a peak in the mid-Holocene (7800–5300 years BP) followed by a declining trend until the present day. Most studies attributed this decline to the decrease in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon. However, the details of the drying mechanisms still remain elusive. Here we explore the drivers of this drying trend in northern China using two transient experiments, one that includes dynamic vegetation and one that does not. The experiment with dynamic vegetation successfully captured the slight increase in precipitation in the early mid-Holocene as well as the rapid decline of precipitation in the late mid-Holocene, whereas the experiment without dynamic vegetation predicted no change in precipitation. Specifically, in the dynamic-vegetation experiment, vegetation cover increased over time, which led to higher evapotranspiration and sensible heat and thus a reduction in convective precipitation from about 7800 years BP onwards. We suggest that the dynamics of vegetation played a key role in modulating the long-term trend of precipitation during the Holocene.
The one health perspective to improve environmental surveillance of zoonotic viruses: lessons from COVID-19 and outlook beyond
Authors: Leifels Mats , Khalilur Rahman Omar , Sam I-Ching , Cheng Dan , Chua Feng Jun Desmond , Nainani Dhiraj , Kim Se Yeon , Ng Wei Jie , Kwok Wee Chiew , Sirikanchana Kwanrawee , Wuertz Stefan , Thompson Janelle , Chan Yoke Fun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The human population has doubled in the last 50 years from about 3.7 billion to approximately 7.8 billion. With this rapid expansion, more people live in close contact with wildlife, livestock, and pets, which in turn creates increasing opportunities for zoonotic diseases to pass between animals and people. At present an estimated 75% of all emerging virus-associated infectious diseases possess a zoonotic origin, and outbreaks of Zika, Ebola and COVID-19 in the past decade showed their huge disruptive potential on the global economy. Here, we describe how One Health inspired environmental surveillance campaigns have emerged as the preferred tools to monitor human-adjacent environments for known and yet to be discovered infectious diseases, and how they can complement classical clinical diagnostics. We highlight the importance of environmental factors concerning interactions between animals, pathogens and/or humans that drive the emergence of zoonoses, and the methodologies currently proposed to monitor them—the surveillance of wastewater, for example, was identified as one of the main tools to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by public health professionals and policy makers during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-Health driven approaches that facilitate surveillance, thus harbour the potential of preparing humanity for future pandemics caused by aetiological agents with environmental reservoirs. Via the example of COVID-19 and other viral diseases, we propose that wastewater surveillance is a useful complement to clinical diagnosis as it is centralized, robust, cost-effective, and relatively easy to implement.
Feasibility and acceptability of an education and training e-resource to support the sexuality, intimacy and relationship needs of older care home residents: a mixed methods study
Authors: Horne Maria , Youell Jane , Brown Laura , Brown-Wilson Christine , Dickinson Tommy , Simpson Paul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
sexuality, intimacy and relationship needs are often a neglected aspect of the care of older adults in residential care facilities. Improving awareness, knowledge and improving attitudes about these needs among care staff could enhance quality of care and lead to better outcomes for residents.

Objective
to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a co-designed education and training e-resource to help care staff support their residents’ sexuality, intimacy and relationship needs.

Methods
we delivered the education and training e-resource to five UK care homes over a 6-month period in a pre-post mixed methods study using surveys, focus groups and individual interviews.

Results
fifty-nine members of staff from participating care homes undertook the education and training e-resource. 18/59 (31%) of participants completed all six modules and the pre-post surveys. Eleven participants participated in focus groups/interviews to explore experiences of using the e-resource. The e-resource was successfully implemented in the study homes and found to be acceptable. We found preliminary evidence of positive changes in staff attitudes. Factors that facilitated implementation included support from the care home manager. Barriers identified included IT infrastructure and technology.

Conclusions
the findings provide initial evidence that a co-designed education and training e-resource raised awareness of, and improved attitudes towards, older adults’ sexuality and intimacy needs. This work provides the foundation for a next phase to establish the effectiveness of the e-resource on staff practice and resident outcomes.
Mind The Gap: Differences in Alcohol Use Screening And Discussions Among Adults Comparing Asian American And Other Racial And Ethnic Subgroups in the United States, 2015–2019
Authors: Mauro Pia M , Kane Jeremy C , Askari Melanie S , Iwamoto Derek , Martins Silvia S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial and ethnic subgroup in the USA but are underrepresented in the alcohol literature, partially due to misconceptions and racial stereotypes. We estimated any alcohol screening/discussions with providers among Asian Americans and other racial and ethnic subgroups and tested associations with alcohol treatment.

Methods
Weighted prevalences of any alcohol screening or discussions with providers included US adults reporting past-year alcohol use and &gt; =1 healthcare visit in the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 123,002). Multinomial logistic regressions estimated adjusted associations between alcohol use screening/discussions (ref: no screening/discussion) comparing Asian Americans to other racial and ethnic adult subgroups. Among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD), we estimated adjusted odds of alcohol treatment and perceived treatment need by screening/discussions and racial and ethnic subgroup.

Results
Among Asian American adults who reported past-year alcohol use and a healthcare visit, 24.7% reported any screening only and 51.4% discussed alcohol with providers. All racial and ethnic subgroups were more likely than Asian Americans to report alcohol screening/discussions (e.g. white adults, screening adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.28–1.72; discussions aRRR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.74–2.10). AUD treatment use and perceived need were about two times higher among people reporting alcohol discussions.

Conclusions
Asian Americans were less likely to report discussing alcohol with providers than all other racial and ethnic subgroups. Alcohol discussions were associated with treatment use and perceived need. Efforts to increase equitable alcohol screening and discussions with clinicians are needed.
Gender and Workplace Stress Affect the Association Between Concussion History and Depression Symptoms in Professional Jockeys
Authors: Piantella Stefan , McDonald Stuart J , Wright Bradley J 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveProfessional jockeys experience high rates of concussion, workplace stress, and poor mental health. The present cross-sectional study, for the first time, concurrently assessed the potential interplay between concussion history and workplace stress with current depression symptoms.MethodSeventy-two professional flat-track jockeys (male = 49, female = 23) were grouped based on self-reported concussion history (CG; n = 56) and those who did not report a concussion history (NCG; total n = 16). Analyses featured both between (CG vs NCG) and within group (CG only) assessment on self-reported measures of workplace stress and depression symptoms (affect, daily functioning).ResultsJockeys in the CG had more symptoms of negative affect than the NCG. This association, however, was nonsignificant after covarying for age, gender, and workplace stress. Higher workplace stress (p = .005) and gender (p = .001) were associated with poorer daily functioning after controlling for concussion history (CG vs. NCG) and age. Gender moderated the association between concussion group and poorer daily functioning (β = −18.739, t (71) = −2.924, p = .005), with the difference between CG and NCG significant for females, but not males (β = 33.648, t (71) = 3.420, p = .001).ConclusionsThe findings provide preliminary evidence that previously concussed females may be more likely to report poorer daily functioning than males with a history of concussion, and that workplace stress may reduce the association between a history of concussion and depression symptoms. Prospective studies are required to validate and extend these findings.
TH1.1 Self Directed Aftercare is a Safe, Efficient and well tolerated way to follow up Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Anderson Hannah , Ong Justin , Sloan Samantha , Mallon Peter , McIntosh Stuart , Irwin Gareth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Self Directed Aftercare (SDA) was introduced in the Belfast Trust in August 2012. It offered breast cancer patients treated with curative intent an opportunity to self-manage their 5 year follow up, including their annual mammograms. We reviewed the enrolment and outcomes for the first cohort reaching 5 years (diagnosed 2013).

Methods
The prospective SDA database identified patients on the pathway. Additional outcome data was collated through NIECR. Patient feedback was obtained at several points along the pathway.

Results
342 patients underwent surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer in 2013. 37.7% (129 patients) were enrolled in SDA. Of these, 62.8% (81 patients), remained on the pathway throughout their follow up. 33 patients (25.6%) required no further review, having had yearly mammograms and were discharged after 5 years. The remaining patients received reviews via rapid access or recalled through screening. Feedback was largely positive.

Conclusions
In its first full year of SDA implementation, the Belfast Trust achieved its target by enrolling 37.7% of patients. 25.6% of patients did not require any additional appointment thereby reducing waiting lists for outpatient surgical review. Of those with a concern, 100% were able to enter back in to the system. 85% of patients entered into SDA attended remote surveillance mammography appropriately. Patients report high levels of satisfaction with the pathway.
545 Review of the Validity of DOPS as an Assessment Tool for the Procedural Skills of Surgical Trainees
Authors: Rela Mariam , Price Tristan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Surgical trainees at all stages are mandated to use workplace-based assessments (WBAs) to gain feedback from their trainers. Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) is a tool to assess hands-on surgical skills. This review of the literature seeks to ascertain how valid DOPS are as an assessment tool for the procedural skills of surgical trainees according to the APA (American Psychology Association) validity framework.

Method
Relevant literature was identified through a structured search of Medline, CINAHL and web of science databases, with further papers included on citation review. Following this, papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final review specifying those investigating WBAs including DOPS, assessments in practice rather than simulation and specifically for post-graduate surgical trainees.

Results
16 papers were included in the final analysis. Extracted data from the returned papers was assessed for evidence of validity within each of the five domains on the APA framework: validity based on consequence, response process, reliability, content, and relationship to other variables.

Conclusions
There are studies that show good parameters for reliability and validity for specific DOPS used in endoscopy and otolaryngology. However, there is confusion over the purpose of DOPS amongst trainers and trainees as to whether they should be used formatively or summatively. There is a wealth of evidence examining the perspectives of trainees and trainers into the summative nature of DOPS, however future research should be conducted into to validity of DOPS as a summative tool for career progression and selection processes.
Empowering practices in education-focused coalitions: an examination using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Miles Joshua-Paul , Boyer Anne-Marie , Shumate Michelle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As pressure increases to support social justice, coalitions try to understand their role in oppression while implementing practices to create equitable environments. Twenty-six education-focused community coalitions in the United States participated in the study. Coalition interviews and membership rosters are used to evaluate the degree to which these coalitions engage in community engagement practices conducive to empowerment. Involvement practices emphasize communication strategies and participatory design structures. Systems change practices emphasize agenda-setting processes and a level of awareness of structural sources that create social marginalization. This work investigates how these two practices create empowerment. This study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to examine the impact of community poverty, coalition age, government representation, coalition size, school district size, and coalition governance on involvement and systems change practices. The results demonstrate combinations of these conditions in four mutually exclusive solutions for involvement practices and two mutually exclusive solutions for systems change practices. The paper ends by identifying cases that coincide with these solutions and how communities thoughtfully configure their collaborations to coincide with empowerment theory. Additionally, we identify potential trade-offs between involvement and systems change practices.
Collaboration between local nephrologists and the transplant centre ensures good outcomes in post-transplant care
Authors: Kaufmann Yves L , von Moos Seraina , Spitznagel Tahm , Matter Laurenz S , Mueller Thomas F , Schachtner Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite substantial improvements in short-term kidney allograft survival, median long-term survival remains at a standstill. It is unclear whether and to what extent a transplant centre’s post-transplant care influences long-term outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed 501 single kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who underwent transplantation between 2009 and 2018 and did not develop rejection or de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) within the first post-transplant year. After that, KTRs were either followed exclusively every 3 months by the transplant centre (n = 197) or every 3 months by local nephrologists (n = 304) with only yearly follow-up by the transplant centre. We analysed kidney allograft outcomes regarding estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, proteinuria, development of dnDSA and rejection.

Results
No differences between the two groups were observed in the baseline characteristics and the characteristics at the end of the first post-transplant year (P &gt; .05). KTRs followed by local nephrologists were comparable to KTRs followed by the transplant centre concerning patient survival (P = .541), kidney allograft survival (P = .385), eGFR decline (P = .488), progression of proteinuria (P &gt; .05), the development of dnDSA (P = .335) and T-cell-mediated rejection (P = .480). KTRs followed by the transplant centre were more likely to undergo indication biopsies in case of allograft dysfunction and dnDSA (P &lt; .001). Antibody-mediated rejection was diagnosed earlier and more frequently (P = .059), recurrent glomerulonephritis was diagnosed earlier and more frequently (P = .026) and immunosuppression was modified earlier and more frequently in response to histological findings (P = .038).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that close collaboration between local nephrologists and the transplant centre ensures good allograft outcomes independent of the caregiver. Greater biopsy activity in the transplant centre allows for earlier diagnosis of allograft dysfunction as the basis for novel treatment options.
The Many Faces of NELL1 MN
Authors: Sethi Sanjeev 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTNeural tissue encoding protein with EGF-like repeats (NELL1) is a recently discovered target antigen in membranous nephropathy (MN). The initial study showed that most cases of NELL1 MN had no underlying disease associations, i.e. most cases of NELL1 MN were classified as primary MN. Subsequently, NELL1 MN has been found in the setting of various diseases. These include NELL1 MN associated with malignancy, drugs, infections, autoimmune disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, de novo MN in a kidney transplant and sarcoidosis. Thus there is marked heterogeneity in the diseases associated with NELL1 MN. Evaluation of an underlying disease associated with MN will likely need to be more exhaustive in NELL1 MN.
The role of fluorescence angiography in colonic interposition after esophagectomy
Authors: Joosten J J , Gisbertz S S , Heineman D J , Daams F , Eshuis W J , van Berge Henegouwen M I 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Colonic interposition is an alternative for gastric conduit reconstruction after esophagectomy. Anastomotic leakage (AL) occurs in 15–25% of patients and may be attributed to reduced blood supply after vascular ligation. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) can visualize tissue perfusion. We aimed to give an overview of the first experiences of ICG-FA and AL rate in colonic interposition. This study included all consecutive patients who underwent a colonic interposition between January 2015 and December 2021 at a tertiary referral center. Surgery was performed for the following indications: inability to use the stomach because of previous surgery or extensive tumour involvement, cancer recurrence in the gastric conduit, or because of complications after initial esophagectomy. Since 2018 ICG-FA was performed before anastomotic reconstruction by administration of ICG injection (0.1 mg/kg/bolus), using the Spy-phi (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI). Twenty-eight patients (9 female, mean age 62.8), underwent colonic interposition of whom 15 (54%) underwent ICG-FA-guided surgery. Within the ICG-FA group, three (20%) AL occurred, whereas in the non-ICG-FA group, three AL and one graft necrosis (31%) occurred (P=0.67). There was a change of management due to the FA assessment in three patients in the FA group (20%) which led to the choice of a different bowel segment for the anastomosis. Mean operative times in the ICG-FA and non-ICG-FA groups were 372±99 and 399±113 minutes, respectively (P=0.85). ICG-FA is a safe, easy and feasible technique to assess perfusion of colonic interpositions. ICG-FA is of added value leading to a change in management in a considerable percentage of patients. Its role in prevention of AL remains to be elucidated.
Optimal rotation period ofPopulusplantations considering multiple carbon pools and carbon cap policies in Jiangsu, East China
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ning Zhuo , Zhang Han , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForests provide wood biomass to produce various wood products while sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. The joint benefits of wood production and carbon sequestration should be considered when making forest management decisions such as those related to optimal rotation periods. In this study, we extend the Faustmann model to consider the effects of timber value and the dynamics of forests’ multiple carbon pools (biomass, dead organic matter and long-period forest products) on the optimal rotation and the corresponding net present value (NPV). The theoretical framework also takes account of dynamic carbon prices and potential effects of carbon cap policies. We showcase our approach using Populus × euramericana “Nanlin895” as an example. This tree species is an important species for the planted forests in East China. The results show that: (1) multiple carbon pools increase the optimal rotation period by 4.76 per cent and the NPV by 45.66 per cent under the static carbon price scenario, (2) the tightening carbon cap facilitates carbon price variation and results in a significant increase in the NPV, while the optimal rotation period fluctuates between 8 and 10 years and (3) frequent cap policy adjustments shorten the optimal rotation period and lower the NPV even if the cap reduction target is achieved. Although the effect of carbon benefits on the optimal rotation period is small, the forest carbon trade mechanism could effectively enhance landowners’ income through the tightening carbon cap. These findings have significant policy implications for forest management.Highlights • We analyze the effects of multiple carbon pools on the optimal rotation period and the net present value.• We examine how carbon trade affects the management decision of Populus plantations.• Tightening the carbon cap promotes dynamic carbon price variation, benefiting landowners.