bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic archeology as a high‐impact practice
Authors: Kolpan Katharine E. , Passalacqua Nicholas V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐impact practices (HIPs) are educational modalities that focus on experiential and deep learning to affect student success in higher education, particularly among students matriculating from historically underserved communities. HIPs are designed to provide students with the intellectual and practical skills to succeed in an increasingly unstable global world beyond college. Utilizing a private‐public partnership forensic archeological contract project, this paper examines how this venture employed a HIP‐based contractor model that hired students as a professional archeological field crew and provided them with a living wage, transportation, and room and board. It also provided students without the means to participate in international fieldwork with the wherewithal to do so, supporting underserved students and diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) initiatives. Utilizing this HIP‐based contract model resulted in greater student investment and collaboration in a fieldwork situation more akin to the real world, where students learned to solve problems, communicate, and network in an international setting, resulting in new opportunities, such as professional jobs, and academic projects and publications. The paid contractor model ensured students with limited resources could participate, broadening the type of student who can receive this type of training, expanding diversity in forensic anthropology. These models are not limited to forensic archeological fieldwork; they can also be applied to forensic anthropology laboratory projects. Utilizing HIPs and employing a more equitable contractor model contributes to student professionalization, strengthens professional prospects beyond the university, and contributes to DEIB initiatives, all of which benefit forensic anthropology as a subdiscipline.
The sexual recidivism drop in Canada: A meta‐analysis of sex offender recidivism rates over an 80‐year period
Authors: Lussier Patrick , McCuish Evan , Proulx Jean , Chouinard Thivierge Stéphanie , Frechette Julien 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch summaryIn the past, the Canadian government followed in the footsteps of its American counterpart by enacting “sex offender laws.” Since the 1990s, however, the Canadian criminal justice system has taken a different approach to the issue of sex offender recidivism (SOR), focusing on treatment, rehabilitation, and community risk management. This evidence‐based approach has been criticized for not doing enough to prevent convicted offenders from sexually reoffending. This criticism has not been addressed empirically, leaving open the question of whether this Canadian policy shift is associated with changes in the rate of sexual recidivism. The present study uses a meta‐analytic framework to look at 185 Canadian‐based studies involving over 50,000 offenders, making it possible to combine 226 sexual recidivism rates. After controlling for factors such as follow‐up length and the independence of samples, weighted pooled recidivism rates have declined since the 1970s by more than 60%. This trend may have gone unnoticed because it is not related to the year of publication but to the period in which the data were collected.Policy implicationsThe findings have significant implications for criminal justice practices including the importance of using risk assessment tools that are regularly calibrated to reflect the evolution of sexual recidivism rates over time. Although the current study cannot provide firm conclusions about the factors responsible for this gradual drop, several hypotheses are discussed. Knowledge‐based criminal justice practices, better training for professionals, and improvements in treatment programs may have had a subtle and cumulative impact on sexual recidivism rates. The importance of examining period effects on SOR using a comparative and international perspective is discussed.
Can microbiology help to make aviation more sustainable?
Authors: Segura Ana , Jiménez Lorena , Molina Lázaro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProduction of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) using microbes still requires huge research efforts to fulfill the needs of aviation, both in the biological utilization of raw materials as well as in the biological processes to convert these materials (oils, sugars, aromatic compounds and others) into SAFs. However, we should also be aware of the microbiology constraints that, in some cases, will not allow us to reach the commercial level and that, by creating false expectations we will harm the credibility of microbiologists. However, in our opinion microbiologists can and should continue to find new avenues for producing SAFs, and for evaluating the advantages and feasibility of their production. This last step will require a close collaboration between researchers and industry.
Conditions for mission‐led companies to humanize the economy: An Aristotelian perspective
Authors: Ezvan Cécile , Langohr Patricia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the creation of the legal status of “benefit corporations,” mission‐led companies have been developing since 2010 in the United States, but also in the United Kingdom, Italy, and recently France. Shareholders of mission‐led companies define a social, scientific, or environmental mission for their companies in addition to the pursuit of profits. Given this specific characteristic, these companies seem more likely than traditional firms to serve human flourishing in an authentic way. But are these legal forms and strategic objectives sufficient? This article builds on Aristotelian virtue ethics and the concept of the “good life” to identify necessary conditions to build a mission‐led approach to firms that can truly humanize the economy. We explain mechanisms through which the mission‐led approach may provide an essential lever for humanization for the individual person, the company, its industry, and the broader economy. We also identify several factors that may limit or prevent the mission company's ability to contribute to the good life. This conceptual article is inspired by the context of the emergence of mission companies in France since 2019, which has led many companies to question their purpose and their mission towards society and their mission's implementation.
Self‐enhancement values and academic achievement: An interaction with students' parental level of education and gender?
Authors: Aelenei Cristina , Jury Mickaël , Darnon Céline , Sicard Alyson , Maggio Severine , Martinot Delphine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the link between the endorsement of self‐enhancement values (e.g., ambition, influence, authority and social power) and school achievement (i.e., grades).AimAdopting an intersectional framework, we argued that the link may be qualified by both students' gender and their parents' education level. We hypothesized that depending on students' different experiences in the school system as a function of their gender and their parents' level of educational attainment, the endorsement of self‐enhancement values might be either beneficial or detrimental to their academic achievement.SamplesWe conducted two studies: a pilot study (N = 191) and a preregistered main study (N = 652).MethodHigh‐school students reported their endorsement of self‐enhancement values, their gender and their parents' education level. The school administration provided students' grade average.Results and ConclusionsIn the pilot study, we found an interaction effect between the endorsement of self‐enhancement values, gender and parental level of education on grades: For male students, the endorsement of self‐enhancement values was associated with lower grades when their parents had a lower education level, but there was no such association for male students whose parents had a higher education level. No such effect was found for female students. With an improved methodology, the main study found an interaction effect between the endorsement of self‐enhancement values and gender on grades. Independent of parental education level, the endorsement of self‐enhancement values had a positive effect on grades among male students. No effect of self‐enhancement values on grades was found among female students.
Children's services and the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy: A study with educators and parents
Authors: Bosoni Maria Letizia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptive changes across different life experiences essential to children's growth and development, including early childcare services and schools, thus threatening precious opportunities for children in early childhood to learn. The pandemic has also undermined the collaborative and alliance relationship between childcare services and families which has been widely considered an important aspect of modern services. This paper presents and discusses results from a mixed‐method exploratory study with early childcare services for children between 0 and 6 years in Italy in 2021, involving both teachers and parents, to understand experiences, educational practices put in place in childcare services, feelings, resources and risks perceived by families and teachers.
A roadmap integrating research, policy, and actions to conserve Afro‐Palearctic migratory landbirds at a flyway scale
Authors: Marcacci Gabriel , Briedis Martins , Diop Ngoné , Diallo Aïssatou Yvette , Kebede Fanuel , Jacot Alain 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe populations of Afro‐Palearctic migratory landbirds (breeding in Europe and overwintering in Africa) are declining and conservation efforts to halt or reverse their decline have failed to meet their targets. Yet, most studies and conservation measures focus on migratory landbirds’ breeding grounds, whereas knowledge about threats, drivers of their decline and conservation actions in their nonbreeding grounds, where they spend most of their annual cycle, is largely limited. Here, we provide a four‐step roadmap to integrate research, policy and actions for conserving Afro‐Palearctic migratory landbirds at a flyway scale: (1) assessing and monitoring population trends and defining priority species accordingly; (2) maximizing tracking data to identify important areas for the conservation of priority species; (3) conducting ground‐based studies on the nonbreeding grounds to identify conservation challenges; (4) implementing conservation measures, for the benefit of both the avifauna and the local human communities. Alongside these steps, international conventions may facilitate new collaborations across range‐states and institutions to engage diverse stakeholders and involve local communities, with particular emphasis on evidence‐based policymaking, law enforcement in addition to capacity strengthening and knowledge transfer of new technologies. This four‐step roadmap provides guidance for future work on Afro‐Palearctic migratory landbirds and will ultimately contribute to their conservation.
Drivers of human–black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) conflict in Indigenous communities in the North Rupununi wetlands, southwestern Guyana
Authors: Pierre Meshach A. , Jacobsen Kim S. , Hallett Matthew T. , Harris Arianne‐Elise M. , Melville Alyssa , Barnabus Howard , Sillero‐Zubiri Claudio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecovering populations of large carnivores impact the people that live alongside them, sometimes leading to conflict and lethal retaliation. One such carnivore, the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) has been implicated in the destruction of fishing equipment, depredation of livestock and pets, and attacks on humans. In order to understand how various stakeholder groups are affected by the negative impacts of living alongside caiman, and their resulting attitudes and behaviors towards caiman, we conducted semistructured interviews in seven Indigenous communities in southwestern Guyana from November 2017 to October 2019. We used logistic and ordinal regression to identify demographic indicators of fishing behavior and factors that are associated with negative attitudes and antagonistic behavior. Loss of pets in addition to an effect of gender, rather than competition overfishing resources (as hypothesized) may drive conflict between Indigenous communities and black caiman. We propose site differences, such as ecotourism may affect attitudes about and behavior towards caiman. The presence of impacts on communities and retaliatory behavior indicates that human–wildlife and wildlife–human impacts involving black caiman may be a concern for the recovery of the species' populations, and the communities that coexist with them.
Small‐bodied fish species from the western United States will be under severe water stress by 2040
Authors: Theis Sebastian , Castellanos‐Acuña Dante , Hamann Andreas , Poesch Mark S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman need to appropriate freshwater in combination with climate change has intensified the rapid decline in freshwater biodiversity. Based on 216 currently imperiled freshwater species in the United States, the Southwest, and the Rocky Mountains, were predicted to experience the highest increase in future water stress for 2040 in 41 minor watersheds. Resident‐small species in the Southwest, found in single locations (21.6%) or on local level (62.2%), were listed as endangered (n = 37) and are predicted to experience severe water stress increases by 2040. Endangered species in the Rocky Mountains (n = 9), were found on a basin or local level (33.3%), exhibiting predominantly potamodromous behavior (66.7%). Furthermore, many endangered species in key regions lack life‐history data (41%). Our results highlight that determining priority of species for conservation using biodiversity as an indicator may not be useful for identifying future impacts to imperiled species, since many regions undergoing high water stress did not coincide with biodiversity hotspots.
Everyday Politics of Dadan Contracts in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Authors: Chakma Bablu 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis article analyses processes of dadan contract negotiations between Bengali intermediaries and indigenous Tanchangya peasants of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, in the culantro sector. The research extends the debates on the dadan system and interlocked market relationships by highlighting everyday dynamics of dadan and the issue of ‘just price’ that arises from such contracts. The article argues that the dadan loan system leads to greater spaces for exploitation. While it facilitates peasants’ access to credit for agricultural and social reproduction and the supply of culantro to wider national markets, it also creates a dependency of Tanchangya peasants on Bengali moneylending traders. Such an analysis reveals the limitations of existing studies on dadan in accounting for the social, cultural and political aspects of dadan contracts, alongside their economic aspects. The article concludes that contested moralities associated with the pursuit of familial subsistence and contractual obligations shape peasants’ decisions and strategies concerning such contracts.
Impact of heat waves on egg survival and biological performance across life stages in the Asian corn borer
Authors: Quan Yudong , Mason Charles E. , He Kanglai , Wang Zhenying , Wei Hongyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the many extreme events as a result of climate change is the frequent appearance of extraordinarily daily high temperatures that can directly drive an insect's adaptive response. Insects have complex life cycles that may uncouple temperature's effects in one stage from the physiology in the next. In this study we focused on the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), one of the most important pests of maize (corn) in Asia, investigated the consequences of eggs exposed to ecologically relevant heat shock regimes, simulating heat waves at extreme high temperature. This consisted of five 90‐min heat treatments separated by two degrees that ranged from 37 to 45°C for three consecutive days compared to a constant temperature of 25°C. Temperature that triggered mortality was between 39 and 41°C. Egg hatching significantly declined when temperature was 41°C or higher. There was no egg hatching at 45°C. Developmental times were significantly prolonged and the larval growth rate became slower in treatments of 41 and 43°C. There were no significant differences in pupal mass, fecundity, and sex ratio among treatments. Life table parameters showed significant adverse effects at treatments of 41 and 43°C. Depending on the fitness response of the ACB, environmental heat waves can be classified into three categories based on temperature criteria, i.e., adaptable (35–39°C), critical (39–45°C), and fatal (≥45°C). The findings of the present study will serve as an important reference for forecasting the population dynamics of the ACB.
Speaking in gestures: Left dorsal and ventral frontotemporal brain systems underlie communication in conducting
Authors: Musso Mariacristina , Altenmüller Eckart , Reisert Marco , Hosp Jonas , Schwarzwald Ralf , Blank Bettina , Horn Julian , Glauche Volkmar , Kaller Christoph , Weiller Cornelius , Schumacher Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConducting constitutes a well‐structured system of signs anticipating information concerning the rhythm and dynamic of a musical piece. Conductors communicate the musical tempo to the orchestra, unifying the individual instrumental voices to form an expressive musical Gestalt.In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, 12 professional conductors and 16 instrumentalists conducted real‐time novel pieces with diverse complexity in orchestration and rhythm. For control, participants either listened to the stimuli or performed beat patterns, setting the time of a metronome or complex rhythms played by a drum.Activation of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), supplementary and premotor cortex and Broca's pars opercularis (F3op) was shared in both musician groups and separated conducting from the other conditions.Compared to instrumentalists, conductors activated Broca's pars triangularis (F3tri) and the STG, which differentiated conducting from time beating and reflected the increase in complexity during conducting. In comparison to conductors, instrumentalists activated F3op and F3tri when distinguishing complex rhythm processing from simple rhythm processing.Fibre selection from a normative human connectome database, constructed using a global tractography approach, showed that the F3op and STG are connected via the arcuate fasciculus, whereas the F3tri and STG are connected via the extreme capsule.Like language, the anatomical framework characterising conducting gestures is located in the left dorsal system centred on F3op. This system reflected the sensorimotor mapping for structuring gestures to musical tempo. The ventral system centred on F3Tri may reflect the art of conductors to set this musical tempo to the individual orchestra's voices in a global, holistic way.
Anodal online transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates visual motion perceptual learning
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Pan , Wang Yifan , Liu Na , Sun Kewei , Wang Panhui , Xiao Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVisual perceptual learning (VPL) has great potential implications for clinical populations, but adequate improvement often takes weeks to months to obtain; therefore, practical applications of VPL are limited. Strategies that enhance visual performance acquisition make great practical sense. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could be beneficial to VPL, but thus far, the results are inconsistent. The current study had two objectives: (1) to investigate the effect of anodal tDCS on VPL and (2) to determine whether the timing sequence of anodal tDCS and training influences VPL. Anodal tDCS was applied on the left human middle temporal (hMT+) during training on a coherent motion discrimination task (online), anodal tDCS was also applied before training (offline) and sham tDCS was applied during training (sham). The coherent thresholds were measured without stimulation before, 2 days after and 1 month after training. All participants trained for five consecutive days. Anodal tDCS resulted in more performance improvement when applied during daily training but not when applied before training. Additionally, neither within‐session improvement nor between‐session improvement differed among the online, offline and sham tDCS conditions. These findings contribute to the development of efficient stimulation protocols and a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effect of tDCS on VPL.
Corticospinal and intracortical responses from both motor cortices following unilateral concentric versus eccentric contractions
Authors: van der Groen Onno , Latella Christopher , Nosaka Kazunori , Edwards Dylan , Teo Wei‐Peng , Taylor Janet L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCross‐education is the phenomenon where training of one limb can cause neuromuscular adaptations in the opposite untrained limb. This effect has been reported to be greater after eccentric (ECC) than concentric (CON) strength training; however, the underpinning neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we compared responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in both motor cortices following single sessions of unilateral ECC and CON exercise of the elbow flexors. Fourteen healthy adults performed three sets of 10 ECC and CON right elbow flexor contractions at 75% of respective maximum on separate days. Elbow flexor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torques were measured before and after exercise, and responses to single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS were recorded from the non‐exercised left and exercised right biceps brachii. Pre‐exercise and post‐exercise responses for ECC and CON were compared by repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs). MVIC torque of the exercised arm decreased (p < 0.01) after CON (−30 ± 14%) and ECC (−39 ± 13%) similarly. For the non‐exercised left biceps brachii, resting motor threshold (RMT) decreased after CON only (−4.2 ± 3.9% of maximum stimulator output [MSO], p < 0.01), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) decreased (−15.2 ± 20.0%, p = 0.038) after ECC only. For the exercised right biceps, RMT increased after ECC (8.6 ± 6.2% MSO, p = 0.014) but not after CON (6.4 ± 8.1% MSO, p = 0.066). Thus, unilateral ECC and CON elbow flexor exercise modulated excitability differently for the non‐exercised hemisphere. These findings suggest that responses after a single bout of exercise may not reflect longer term adaptations.