bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A teaching-learning sequence to present the relativity principle and the principle of equivalence in classical Mechanics to pre-service physics teachers
Authors: Marzari A , Malgieri M , Rosi T , Onorato P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We designed a teaching-learning sequence on the relativity principle and the principle of equivalence in classical Mechanics, rooted in previous research about students and teachers’ conceptions. A series of experiments based on video analysis is used to highlight selected key concepts and to motivate students in their exploration of the topic and interactive simulations, which can be modified on the fly by student teachers, are used to stimulate autonomous investigation. The sequence was designed for teacher education at University level and was tested with a group of 20 pre-service physics teachers.
Answering to physics teachers’ needs in professional development
Authors: Buongiorno D , Michelini M , Santi L , Stefanel A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The IDIFO project conducted at the University of Udine, in collaboration with 18 Italian universities, is an example of integration and collaboration between schools and universities proposals on innovation in physics education. The aspects of the project relating to the professional development of teachers are discussed, presenting the various implementation methods designed and activated, also answering to the formative needs of schools relating to laboratory-based scientific teaching/learning.
Teaching quantum physics in the footsteps of Einstein
Authors: Di Mauro M , Esposito S , Naddeo A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A teaching-learning sequence designed to introduce some fundamental concepts of quantum physics to high school teachers is proposed. Some parts of the proposal can be adapted to be taught to advanced high school students themselves. The inspiration came from the recognition of the fact that the roots of many pivotal concepts of quantum physics, namely light quanta, wave-particle duality, and probability, were introduced for the first time in some paper by Albert Einstein. Moreover, this was done in a characteristically deep and illuminating way. A critical study of Einstein’s papers should therefore be useful for teachers and students as well, in view of the fact that such concepts are often misconceived. The teaching-learning sequence can supplement usual historically oriented treatments of elementary quantum physics and can in turn be complemented by a discussion of some elementary tools of statistical physics, which may be not part of the learners’ background. Preliminary results obtained with both teachers and pupils in high schools in southern Italy, which are very promising, are presented.
Mobile application devices for MATAG coconut variety detection based on spectral signature analysis: A review
Authors: Che’Ya Nik Norasma , Mohidem Nur Adibah , Tarmidi Zakri , Sarifudin Muhd Syafie Asyraf , Shah Jasmin Arif 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A smartphone is a high-speed technology with many new features available. Users can install games, education, health, financial, safety, and even agriculture apps. Some smartphones can detect plant species based on the processed images from RGB and its algorithm. MATAG hybrid process including fermentation is being described. This review also shows the current trend of MATAG variety identification based on spectral signature differences between MATAG hybrid. It can be linked via mobile applications to detect the species. This review then elaborates the image segmentation in the smartphone for the segregation of digital images into several segments and locates the objects and the bounding lines of the pictures. Applications of computer vision techniques such as machine learning and support vector machine to identify MATAG variety based on spectral analysis is being reviewed. As a user-friendly approach, the mobile application is essential for farmers to capture the MATAG information from smartphones’ cameras with all the processing links to the server and finally will help farmers identify the species using the mobile apps.
Probing the role of CNTs in Pt nanoparticle/CNT/graphene nanohybrids H2 sensors
Authors: Alamri Mohammed , Liu Bo , Berrie Cindy L , Walsh Michael , Wu Judy Z 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the carbon nanotubes film/graphene heterostructure decorated with catalytic Pt nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition (Pt-NPs/CNTs/Gr) H2 sensors, the CNT film determines the effective sensing area and the signal transport to Gr channel. The former requires a large CNT aspect ratio for a higher sensing area while the latter demands high electric conductivity for efficient charge transport. Considering the CNT’s aspect ratio decreases, while its conductivity increases (i.e., bandgap decreases), with the CNT diameter, it is important to understand how quantitatively these effects impact the performance of the Pt-NPs/CNTs/Gr nanohybrids sensors. Motivated by this, this work presents a systematic study of the Pt-NPs/CNTs/Gr H2 sensor performance with the CNT films made from different constituent CNTs of diameters ranging from 1 nm for single-wall CNTs, to 2 nm for double-wall CNTs, and to 10–30 nm for multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs). By measuring the morphology and electric conductivity of SWCNT, DWCNT and MWCNT films, this work aims to reveal the quantitative correlation between the sensor performance and relevant CNT properties. Interestingly, the best performance is obtained on Pt-NPs/MWCNTs/Gr H2 sensors, which can be attributed to the compromise of the effective sensing area and electric conductivity on MWCNT films and illustrates the importance of optimizing sensor design.
Implementation of targeted deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Gerardi Savannah , Sperlea David , Levy Shirel Ora-Lee , Bondurant-David Kaitlin , Dang Sébastien , David Pierre-Marie , Lizotte Annie , Senécal Lysane , Paquette François , Vanier Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Patients on hemodialysis have a high risk of medication-related problems. Studies using deprescribing algorithms to reduce the number of inappropriate medications in this population have been published, but none have used a patient-partnership approach. Our study evaluated the impact of a similar intervention with a patient-partnership approach.

Methods
The objective was to describe the implementation of a pharmacist-led intervention with a patient-partnership approach using deprescribing algorithms and its impact on the reduction of inappropriate medications in patients on hemodialysis. Eight algorithms were developed by pharmacists and nephrologists to assess the appropriateness of medications. Pharmacists identified patients taking targeted medications. Following patient enrollment, pharmacists assessed medications with patients and applied the algorithms. With patient consent, deprescription was suggested to nephrologists if applicable. Specific data on each targeted medication were collected at 4 and 16 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the effects of the deprescribing intervention.

Results
Of 270 patients, 256 were taking at least one targeted medication. Of the 122 patients taking at least one targeted medication who were approached to participate, 66 were included in the study. At enrollment, these patients were taking 252 targeted medications, of which 59 (23.4%) were determined to be inappropriate. Deprescription was initiated for 35 of these 59 medications (59.3%). At 4 weeks, 33 of the 59 medications (55.9%) were still deprescribed, while, at 16 weeks, 27 of the 59 medications (45.8%) were still deprescribed. Proton pump inhibitors and benzodiazepines or Z-drugs were the most common inappropriate medications, and allopurinol was the most deprescribed medication.

Conclusion
A pharmacist-led intervention with a patient-partnership approach and using deprescribing algorithms reduced the number of inappropriate medications in patients on hemodialysis.
RhgKL and CcpA directly regulate the rhiLFGN-rhgR-yesTUV operon involved in the metabolism of rhamnogalacturonan type I in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hirooka Kazutake 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The Bacillus subtilis rhiLFGN-rhgR-yesTUVWXYZ (formerly yesOPQRSTUVWXYZ) gene cluster includes genes for metabolizing rhamnogalacturonan type I (RG-I), a major pectin constituent, and the rhgR gene encoding an AraC/XylS transcriptional activator. The yesL-rhgKL (formerly yesLMN) operon, adjacent to the rhiL gene, includes the rhgKL genes encoding a two-component regulatory system. The reporter analyses showed that 3 promoters immediately upstream of the rhiL, yesW, and yesL genes were induced by RG-I and repressed by glucose in the medium. The reporter analyses also showed that RhgL and RhgR contribute to the RG-I-dependent induction of the rhiL promoter and that CcpA mediates the catabolite repression of the rhiL and yesL promoters. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the RhgL response regulator and the CcpA complex bind to each site in the rhiL promoter region. The RT-PCR analysis and the different properties of the rhiL and yesW promoters suggested the rhiLFGN-rhgR-yesTUV genes as an operon.
Environment and mate attractiveness in a wild insect
Authors: Tregenza Tom , Niemelä Petri T , Rodríguez-Muñoz Rolando , Hopwood Paul E 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role of female choice in sexual selection is well established, including the recognition that females choose their mates based on multiple cues. These cues may include intrinsic aspects of a male’s phenotype as well as aspects of the environment associated with the male. The role of the spatial location of a potential mate has been well studied in territorial vertebrates. However, despite their role as laboratory models for studies of sexual selection, the potential for insects to choose their mates on the basis of location has scarcely been studied. We studied a natural population of individually tagged crickets (Gryllus campestris) in a meadow in Northern Spain. Adults typically move between burrows every few days, allowing us to examine how pairing success of males can be predicted by the burrow they occupy, independent of their own characteristics. We observed the entirety of ten independent breeding seasons to provide replication and to determine whether the relative importance of these factors is stable across years. We find that both male ID and the ID his burrow affect the likelihood that he is paired with a female, but the burrow has a consistently greater influence. Furthermore, the two factors interact: the relative attractiveness of an individual male depends on which burrow he occupies. Our finding demonstrates a close interaction between naturally and sexually selected traits. It also demonstrates that mate choice studies may benefit from considering not only obvious secondary sexual traits, but also more cryptic traits such as microhabitat choice.
Human mitochondrial protein complexes revealed by large-scale coevolution analysis and deep learning-based structure modeling
Authors: Pei Jimin , Zhang Jing , Cong Qian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationRecent development of deep-learning methods has led to a breakthrough in the prediction accuracy of 3D protein structures. Extending these methods to protein pairs is expected to allow large-scale detection of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and modeling protein complexes at the proteome level.ResultsWe applied RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold, two of the latest deep-learning methods for structure predictions, to analyze coevolution of human proteins residing in mitochondria, an organelle of vital importance in many cellular processes including energy production, metabolism, cell death and antiviral response. Variations in mitochondrial proteins have been linked to a plethora of human diseases and genetic conditions. RoseTTAFold, with high computational speed, was used to predict the coevolution of about 95% of mitochondrial protein pairs. Top-ranked pairs were further subject to modeling of the complex structures by AlphaFold, which also produced contact probability with high precision and in many cases consistent with RoseTTAFold. Most top-ranked pairs with high contact probability were supported by known PPIs and/or similarities to experimental structural complexes. For high-scoring pairs without experimental complex structures, our coevolution analyses and structural models shed light on the details of their interfaces, including CHCHD4–AIFM1, MTERF3–TRUB2, FMC1–ATPAF2 and ECSIT–NDUFAF1. We also identified novel PPIs (PYURF–NDUFAF5, LYRM1–MTRF1L and COA8–COX10) for several proteins without experimentally characterized interaction partners, leading to predictions of their molecular functions and the biological processes they are involved in.Availability and implementationData of mitochondrial proteins and their interactions are available at: http://conglab.swmed.edu/mitochondria.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Automatic DNA replication tract measurement to assess replication and repair dynamics at the single-molecule level
Authors: Li Longjie , Kolinjivadi Arun Mouli , Ong Kok Haur , Young David M , Marini Gabriel Pik Liang , Chan Sock Hoai , Chong Siao Ting , Chew Ee Ling , Lu Haoda , Gole Laurent , Yu Weimiao , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationDNA fibre assay has a potential application in genomic medicine, cancer and stem cell research at the single-molecule level. A major challenge for the clinical and research implementation of DNA fibre assays is the slow speed in which manual analysis takes place as it limits the clinical actionability. While automatic detection of DNA fibres speeds up this process considerably, current publicly available software have limited features in terms of their user interface for manual correction of results, which in turn limit their accuracy and ability to account for atypical structures that may be important in diagnosis or investigative studies. We recognize that core improvements can be made to the GUI to allow for direct interaction with automatic results to preserve accuracy as well as enhance the versatility of automatic DNA fibre detection for use in variety of situations.ResultsTo address the unmet needs of diverse DNA fibre analysis investigations, we propose DNA Stranding, an open-source software that is able to perform accurate fibre length quantification (13.22% mean relative error) and fibre pattern recognition (R &gt; 0.93) with up to six fibre patterns supported. With the graphical interface, we developed, user can conduct semi-automatic analyses which benefits from the advantages of both automatic and manual processes to improve workflow efficiency without compromising accuracy.Availability and implementationThe software package is available at https://github.com/lgole/DNAStranding.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
US Immigration Politics, Sanctions Threats and Private Prison Corporations’ Stock Market Values
Authors: Park Jihye 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although politics play pivotal roles in the emergence and operation of private prison corporations (PPCs), less is known about the effects of politics on PPCs’ financial performance. This paper examines the economic consequences of US immigration politics on PPCs using stock market data. Results show that PPCs benefit from restrictive immigration politics through increased stock values and certainty of future profitability. In contrast, their stock values are more likely to fall when the federal government announces sanctions threats on PPCs. These immigration politics only shape PPCs because of their unique business partnership with governments, but do not have meaningful impacts on private security companies that hold weak commercial interests in immigration politics. Finally, this study offers policy implications by revealing consequential effects of national-level politics on PPCs’ financial performance, suggesting future directions for federal roles in regulating PPCs.
Immigrant Threat, Political Articulation by Extreme Right Parties and Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis of European Countries
Authors: Piatkowska Sylwia J , Abreu Rivera Laisa F , Messner Steven F 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines connections between the political articulation of immigration by extreme right parties, perceived immigrant threat, and support for capital punishment across European countries. We merged data from the 2017 European Values Study with the Manifesto Project Dataset, a comparative dataset on statements by political parties. The results reveal positive effects of the perceived immigrant threat and positive effects of political articulation of immigration by extreme right parties on support for capital punishment. We also find that the political articulation of immigration by extreme right parties amplifies the effect of immigrant threat on support for capital punishment. The results of our analyses underscore the important role that political rhetoric can play in shaping a social context conducive to punitiveness.
Surface Lin28A expression consistent with cellular stress parallels indicators of senescence
Authors: Broughton Kathleen , Esquer Carolina , Echeagaray Oscar , Firouzi Fareheh , Shain Grant , Ebeid David , Monsanto Megan , Yaareb Dena , Golgolab Leila , Gude Natalie , Sussman Mark A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Declining cellular functional capacity resulting from stress or ageing is a primary contributor to impairment of myocardial performance. Molecular pathway regulation of biological processes in cardiac interstitial cells (CICs) is pivotal in stress and ageing responses. Altered localization of the RNA-binding protein Lin28A has been reported in response to environmental stress, but the role of Lin28A in response to stress in CICs has not been explored. Surface Lin28A redistribution is indicative of stress response in CIC associated with ageing and senescence.

Methods and results
Localization of Lin28A was assessed by multiple experimental analyses and treatment conditions and correlated to oxidative stress, senescence, and ploidy in adult murine CICs. Surface Lin28A expression is present on 5% of fresh CICs and maintained through Passage 2, increasing to 21% in hyperoxic conditions but lowered to 14% in physiologic normoxia. Surface Lin28A is coincident with elevated senescence marker p16 and beta-galactosidase (β-gal) expression in CICs expanded in hyperoxia, and also increases with polyploidization and binucleation of CICs regardless of oxygen culture. Transcriptional profiling of CICs using single-cell RNA-Seq reveals up-regulation of pathways associated with oxidative stress in CICs exhibiting surface Lin28A. Induction of surface Lin28A by oxidative stress is blunted by treatment of cells with the antioxidant Trolox in a dose-dependent manner, with 300 μM Trolox exposure maintaining characteristics of freshly isolated CICs possessing low expression of surface Lin28A and β-gal with predominantly diploid content.

Conclusion
Surface Lin28A is a marker of environmental oxidative stress in CICs and antioxidant treatment antagonizes this phenotype. The biological significance of Lin28 surface expression and consequences for myocardial responses may provide important insights regarding mitigation of cardiac stress and ageing.
Structural signatures: a web server for exploring a database of and generating protein structural features from human cell lines and tissues
Authors: Zatorski Nicole , Stein David , Rahman Rayees , Iyengar Ravi , Schlessinger Avner 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Structural features of proteins provide powerful insights into biological function and similarity. Specifically, previous work has demonstrated that structural features of tissue and drug-treated cell line samples can be used to predict tissue type and characterize drug relationships, respectively. We have developed structural signatures, a web server for annotating and analyzing protein features from gene sets that are often found in transcriptomic and proteomic data. This platform provides access to a structural feature database derived from normal and disease human tissue samples. We show how analysis using this database can shed light on the relationship between states of single-cell RNA-sequencing lung cancer samples. These various structural feature signatures can be visualized on the server itself or downloaded for additional analysis. The structural signatures server tool is freely available at https://structural-server.kinametrix.com/.
Expression of antimicrobial host defence peptides in the central nervous system during health and disease
Authors: Smith Katie J , Gwyer Findlay Emily 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Antimicrobial host defence peptides (HDP) are critical for the first line of defence against bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Over the past decade we have become more aware that, in addition to their antimicrobial roles, they also possess the potent immunomodulatory capacity. This includes chemoattracting immune cells, activating dendritic cells and macrophages, and altering T-cell differentiation. Most examinations of their immunomodulatory roles have focused on tissues in which they are very abundant, such as the intestine and the inflamed skin. However, HDP have now been detected in the brain and the spinal cord during a number of conditions. We propose that their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) during homeostasis, infection, and neurodegenerative disease has the potential to contribute to immunosurveillance, alter host responses and skew developing immunity. Here, we review the evidence for HDP expression and function in the CNS in health and disease. We describe how a wide range of HDP are expressed in the CNS of humans, rodents, birds, and fish, suggesting a conserved role in protecting the brain from pathogens, with evidence of production by resident CNS cells. We highlight differences in methodology used and how this may have resulted in the immunomodulatory roles of HDP being overlooked. Finally, we discuss what HDP expression may mean for CNS immune responses.