bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital media in chemistry education: Developing professional skills in context of a school student laboratory
Authors: Martens Michael A. , Schwarzer Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaut den Bildungsstandards der KMK sowie den allgemeinen Bildungs‐ und Erziehungszielen der Lehr‐ und Bildungspläne der einzelnen Bundesländer sollen Schülerinnen und Schüler digitale Kompetenzen fächerübergreifend erwerben. Angehende Chemielehrkräfte müssen sich für die Vermittlung dieser Kompetenzen die dafür notwendigen Voraussetzungen und damit die Kompetenzen selbst erst aneignen. Im Unterrichtsfach Chemie ist dabei die Nutzung von digitalen Medien in chemischen Experimenten sowohl zur Messwerterfassung als auch zur Visualisierung des Übergangs von der makroskopischen zur submikroskopischen Ebene als Besonderheit zu berücksichtigen. Zur Vermittlung dieser digitalen Kompetenzen an angehende Chemielehrerinnen und ‐lehrer wurde ein Seminar konzipiert, bei dem sie im Schülerlabor LMUchemlab Schülerinnen und Schüler unter Einsatz von digitalen Medien beim Experimentieren betreuen und den Einsatz der digitalen Medien in den chemischen Experimenten anschließend reflektieren. Dazu wurde ein neues Schülerlaborprogramm mit fünf Experimentierstationen zu modernen Materialien und verschiedenen digitalen Medien entworfen. Dieser Artikel stellt die Experimentierstationen, die in den Experimenten eingesetzten digitalen Medien sowie deren didaktische Funktionen vor und zeigt auf, welche digitalen Kompetenzen die Studierenden im Verlauf des Seminars erwerben sollen.
A perspective for advancing climate prediction services in Brazil
Authors: Coelho Caio A. S. , Baker Jessica C. A. , Spracklen Dominick V. , Kubota Paulo Y. , de Souza Dayana C. , Guimarães Bruno S. , Figueroa Silvio N. , Bonatti José P. , Sampaio Gilvan , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Chevuturi Amulya , Woolnough Steven J. , Hart Neil , Zilli Marcia , Jones Chris D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Climate Science for Service Partnership Brazil (CSSP‐Brazil) project provides Brazil and UK partners the opportunity to address important challenges faced by the climate modeling community, including the need to develop subseasonal and seasonal prediction and climate projection services. This paper provides an overview of the climate modeling and prediction research conducted through CSSP‐Brazil within the context of a framework to advance climate prediction services in Brazil that includes a research‐to‐services (R2S) and a services‐to‐research (S2R) feedback pathway. The paper also highlights plans to advance scientific understanding and capability to produce beneficial climate knowledge and new products to improve climate prediction services to support decisions in various industries in Brazil. Policy‐relevant outcomes from climate modeling and prediction exercises illustrated in this paper include supporting stakeholders with climate information provided from weeks to months ahead for (a) improving water management strategies for human consumption, navigation, and agricultural and electricity production; (b) defining crop variety and calendars for food production; and (c) diversifying energy production with alternatives to hydropower.
Reducing severe cutaneous adverse and type B adverse drug reactions using pre‐stored human leukocyte antigen genotypes
Authors: Lee Kye Hwa , Kang Dong Yoon , Kim Hyun Hwa , Kim Yi Jun , Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Ju Han , Song Eun Young , Yun James , Kang Hye‐Ryun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral type B adverse drug reactions (ADRs), especially severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), are associated with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes. However, pre‐stored HLA information obtained from other clinical workups has not been used to prevent ADRs. We aimed to simulate the preemptive use of pre‐stored HLA information in electronic medical records to evaluate whether this information can prevent ADRs.MethodsWe analyzed the incidence and the risk of ADRs for selected HLA alleles (HLA‐B*57:01, HLA‐B*58:01, HLA‐A*31:01, HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*13:01, HLA‐B*59:01, and HLA‐A*32:01) and seven drugs (abacavir, allopurinol, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, dapsone, methazolamide, and vancomycin) using pre‐stored HLA information of transplant patients based on the Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base guidelines and experts' consensus.ResultsAmong 11,988 HLA‐tested transplant patients, 4092 (34.1%) had high‐risk HLA alleles, 4583 (38.2%) were prescribed risk drugs, and 580 (4.8%) experienced type B ADRs. Patients with HLA‐B*58:01 had a significantly higher incidence of type B ADR and SCARs associated with allopurinol use than that of patients without HLA‐B*58:01 (17.2% vs. 11.9%, odds ratio [OR] 1.53 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.09–2.13], p = 0.001, 2.3% versus 0.3%, OR 7.13 [95% CI 2.19–22.69], p < 0.001). Higher risks of type B ADR and SCARs were observed in patients taking carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine if they had one of HLA‐A*31:01, HLA‐B*15:02, or HLA‐B*15:11 alleles. Vancomycin and dapsone use in HLA‐A*32:01 and HLA‐B*13:01 carriers, respectively, showed trends toward increased risk of type B ADRs.ConclusionUtilization of pre‐stored HLA data can prevent type B ADRs including SCARs by screening high‐risk patients.
Process‐Structure‐Formulation Interactions for Enhanced Sodium Ion Battery Development: A Review
Authors: Sawhney M. Anne , Wahid Malik , Muhkerjee Santanu , Griffin Rebecca , Roberts Alexander , Ogale Satishchandra , Baker Jenny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBefore the viability of a cell formulation can be assessed for implementation in commercial sodium ion batteries, processes applied in cell production should be validated and optimized. This review summarizes the steps performed in constructing sodium ion (Na‐ion) cells at research scale, highlighting parameters and techniques that are likely to impact measured cycling performance. Consistent process‐structure‐performance links have been established for typical lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) cells, which can guide hypotheses to test in Na‐ion cells. Liquid electrolyte viscosity, sequence of mixing electrode slurries, rate of drying electrodes and cycling characteristics of formation were found critical to the reported capacity of laboratory cells. Based on the observed importance of processing to battery performance outcomes, the current focus on novel materials in Na‐ion research should be balanced with deeper investigation into mechanistic changes of cell components during and after production, to better inform future designs of these promising batteries.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Alcohol‐Gas‐Source Method Under Low Ethanol Pressure: Growth Temperature Dependence
Authors: Yamamoto Daiki , Karasawa Shusaku , Sharma Kamal Prasad , Saida Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya , Maruyama Takahiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are grown via an Ir‐catalyzed gas‐source‐type cold‐wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method under high vacuum. A nozzle injector is used to supply ethanol gas. The grown SWCNT surface shows a colored concentric morphology. This corresponds to the in‐plane distribution of SWCNT lengths, which is induced by in‐plane variations in the ethanol pressure. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used to investigate the dependence of the SWCNT yield on the growth temperature and ethanol pressure. The ethanol pressure that gives the highest SWCNT yield decreases with decreasing growth temperature. Optimization of the ethanol pressure enables SWCNT growth between 500 °C and 800 °C, and vertically aligned SWCNTs are grown at 700 °C and 800 °C. The SWCNT diameters are small at all growth temperatures, namely less than 0.9 nm for growth at 500 °C and 600 °C, and less than 1.0 nm for growth at 700 °C and 800 °C. The estimated activation energy for SWCNT growth with an Ir catalyst is 0.97 eV, which is much smaller than that with a Co catalyst.
Regional heritability mapping and genome‐wide association identify loci for rice traits
Authors: Suela Matheus M. , Azevedo Camila F. , Nascimento Moysés , Nascimento Ana Carolina C. , de Resende Marcos Deon V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) based on single‐marker analysis have been widely applied in plant breeding programs, the effectivity of the methodology is still undermined by high false‐positive rates and the limited power to detect associations. Bayesian methods, which estimate marker effects simultaneously, proved to be efficient, indicating genes with important effects. Regional heritability mapping (RHM), on the other hand, determines the genome region (group of markers) associated with the phenotype, considers population structure and familial relatedness, and is more powerful to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) and reduced false‐positive rates than single‐marker methodologies. A single‐marker mixed model (SM‐MM) Bayesian approach and RHM were used for 11 traits in 413 rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions genotyped for 44,100 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Using RHM in regions of 0.21 and 0.69 Mb, respectively, detected five and seven associated regions with 163 and 569 SNPs. Bayesian method with regions of 0.21 and 0.69 Mb detected regions for all traits, whereas SM‐MM detected four single SNP–trait associations. For the 11 traits, RHM explained approximately 25–40 and 25–76% using genome regions of 0.21 and 0.69 Mb, respectively, and SM‐MM using single markers explained 1–7% of the genomic heritability. Regional heritability mapping was more effective than SM‐MM in capturing major proportions of genomic heritability. The regions found in this study were within or close to the QTL noted in the Q‐TARO and Gramene QTL databases.
A proposal to improve gene expression analysis
Authors: Kerachian Mohammad Amin , Azghandi Marjan , Thiery Jean Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGene expression profiling is commonly used to define molecular subtypes in cancers and gene sets can be identified as prognostic indicators or as potential biomarkers. Reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction is commonly used to measure relative changes in gene transcript messenger RNA levels. However, given target gene expression levels are inconstantly reported in the literature. The variable quantification of the gene expression level could be affected by intra/intergenic noncoding RNAs. To overcome this problem, we suggest the analysis be performed using at least two sets of primers, which are designed in two different regions of the target gene.
Long‐term nitrogen enrichment mediates the effects of nitrogen supply and co‐inoculation on a viral pathogen
Authors: Easterday Casey A. , Kendig Amy E. , Lacroix Christelle , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHost nutrient supply can mediate host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In terrestrial systems, plant nutrient supply is mediated by soil microbes, suggesting a potential role of soil microbes in plant diseases beyond soil‐borne pathogens and induced plant defenses. Long‐term nitrogen (N) enrichment can shift pathogenic and nonpathogenic soil microbial community composition and function, but it is unclear if these shifts affect plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions. In a growth chamber experiment, we tested the effect of long‐term N enrichment on infection by Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV‐PAV) and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus (CYDV‐RPV), aphid‐vectored RNA viruses, in a grass host. We inoculated sterilized growing medium with soil collected from a long‐term N enrichment experiment (ambient, low, and high N soil treatments) to isolate effects mediated by the soil microbial community. We crossed soil treatments with a N supply treatment (low, high) and virus inoculation treatment (mock‐, singly‐, and co‐inoculated) to evaluate the effects of long‐term N enrichment on plant–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions, as mediated by N availability. We measured the proportion of plants infected (i.e., incidence), plant biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content. BYDV‐PAV incidence (0.96) declined with low N soil (to 0.46), high N supply (to 0.61), and co‐inoculation (to 0.32). Low N soil mediated the effect of N supply on BYDV‐PAV: instead of N supply reducing BYDV‐PAV incidence, the incidence increased. Additionally, ambient and low N soil ameliorated the negative effect of co‐inoculation on BYDV‐PAV incidence. BYDV‐PAV infection only reduced chlorophyll when plants were grown with low N supply and ambient N soil. There were no significant effects of long‐term N soil on CYDV‐RPV incidence. Soil inoculant with different levels of long‐term N enrichment had different effects on host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen interactions, suggesting that shifts in soil microbial communities with long‐term N enrichment may mediate disease dynamics.
Why flowers close at noon? A case study of an alpine species Gentianopsis paludosa (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Hou Qinzheng , Zhao Xiang , Pang Xia , Duan Meiling , Ehmet Nurbiye , Shao Wenjuan , Sun Kun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRepeatable floral closure with diurnal rhythms, that is, flower opening in the morning and closing in the evening, was widely reported. However, the rhythm of flower opening in the morning but closing in the midday received much less attention. Gentianopsis paludosa, Gentianaceae, has an obvious petal movement rhythm opening in the morning and closing at noon at northeast of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we examined the effects of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and illumination intensity (II) on G. paludosa's flower closure. Furthermore, we monitored the environmental changes inside and outside of the flowers, aiming to test the effect of floral closure on the stability of microenvironment inside the flower. Finally, we artificially interrupted temporal petal closure and investigated its effects on reproductive fitness. The results showed that high/low temperature contributed more to the flower closure than low RH, while illumination intensity had no significant effect on it. The medium temperature, relative humidity and illumination intensity (environmental conditions at 10:00) did not delay flower closure when flowers at pre‐closing period or stimulate reopen when flowers full closed. Floral closure provided a stable temperature condition and a higher RH condition inside the flower. Meanwhile, compulsive opening and delayed closure of flowers decreased the seed‐set ratio while no effect was found when flowers were forced to close. We conclude that endogenous rhythm regulates floral closure. The rhythm of petal movement providing a stable microenvironment for G. paludosa, increasing the seed production and saving energy from flower opening maintenance, which might be an adaptive strategy to against unfavorable environmental conditions.
Development of species‐specific multiplex real‐time PCR assays for tracing the small pelagic fishes of North Pacific with environmental DNA
Authors: Wong Marty Kwok‐Shing , Nobata Shigenori , Ito Shin‐ichi , Hyodo Susumu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has become a popular non‐invasive method to study the presence of organisms in the environment. To study the ecological behavior and migration routes of small pelagic fishes that are difficult to trace with traditional capturing methods, we developed multiplex real‐time PCR assays to measure the eDNA of chub mackerel, blue mackerel, Japanese jack mackerel, Japanese anchovy, Japanese sardine, and Pacific saury. To test the validity, eDNA samples collected from the water near fisherman set nets in Northeast Japan between 2018 and 2019 were analyzed. Warm‐climate species including blue mackerel, jack mackerel, and anchovy were prominent in autumn, while cold‐climate species such as chub mackerel and sardine were richly present in winter. Pacific saury is an off‐coast species and was not detected in the coastal set net area. The eDNA data were partially correlated to the fishery catch records, suggesting that the eDNA quantities are relevant to the biomass of the fish schools, and our PCR assays can quantify the biological traces left by the small pelagic fish schools. Different patterns of eDNA occurrence were observed between the chub and blue mackerels, indicating that the specificity of the multiplex assay is applicable to field samples to measure the presence of the two closely related species separately. The methods are useful to evaluate the eDNA samples collected from the open water in the North Pacific to elucidate the life cycles and monitor the sustainability of the small pelagic fishes, which not only are important food sources, but also carry a role in the Japanese food culture.
Susceptibility to infections and adaptive immunity in adults with heart failure
Authors: Salzer Ulrich , Müller Alisa , Zhou Qian , Nieters Alexandra , Grundmann Sebastian , Wehr Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a systemic inflammatory disorder with infections being an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We asked if HF patients have a higher susceptibility to infections compared with the general population and if a subtle secondary immunodeficiency facilitates infectious complications.Methods and resultsIn a cohort of 92 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, we analysed recirculating lymphocyte subpopulations, serum immunoglobulin levels, and specific antibody titres against pneumococcal antigens. We quantified susceptibility to infections of the respiratory tract with a validated questionnaire and compared it to the general population. Susceptibility to infections of the respiratory tract was comparable in HF patients and the general population. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was present in 16% of HF patients, but anti‐pneumococcal titres showed no evidence of specific secondary antibody deficiency. Relative lymphopaenia in our HF cohort was due to B lymphocytopenia with a relative reduction in naive B‐cells and expansion of memory B‐cells while CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes as well as NK‐cell counts were comparable between HF and healthy donors. The intake of the angiotensin receptor neprilysin (CD10) inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan was associated with increased B‐lymphocyte counts, possibly by an increased output of CD10+ transitional B lymphocytes from the bone marrow.ConclusionDespite a reduction of B lymphocytes in HF and mild hypogammaglobulinaemia, patients showed no evidence of secondary immunodeficiency or increased susceptibility to infections. The relevance of B‐cell lymphopenia in HF patients and modulation of B‐cell counts under ARNI treatment remains to be investigated.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of U(VI) on SrTiO3/ g‐C3N4Composites : Synergistic Interaction
Authors: Mei Peng , Xiao Jingting , Huang Xinshui , Ishag Ahadi , Sun Yubing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPerovskite‐based composites have been widely investigated in photocatalysis due to their narrow bandgap width and high separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. Herein, the novel perovskite/carbon nitride heterojunction (SrTiO3/g‐C3N4) was synthesized by a simple calcination method and then was applied in the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) from aqueous solutions. The characterizations indicated that incorporation of SrTiO3increased the charge separation efficiency and light absorption range, while it decreased electron‐hole recombination. Specifically, the SrTiO3/g‐C3N4composite exhibited the high U(VI) removal rate (100 % in 15 min), high selectivity (88 % U(VI) from seawater within 15 min), chemical stability, and excellent regeneration performance due to the improved electron utilization efficiency. Electrons play an important role in U(VI) photocatalytic reduction according to quenching experiments, XPS, and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. These findings are crucial for the application of perovskite‐based composites in the actual environmental cleanup under visible‐light to improve solar energy utilization.
Synthetic Modifications of the Linkage Region of Proteoglycans and Impact on CSGalNAcT‐1
Authors: Ayela Benjamin , Heis Floriane , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier , Fournel‐Gigleux Sylvie , Gulberti Sandrine , Lopin‐Bon Chrystel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe herein report for the first time a multi‐step synthesis of a library of disaccharides and trisaccharides of the linkage region of proteoglycans (PGs) having a d‐galactose modified at position C‐2, C‐4 or C‐6 by replacing the hydroxyl group by methoxy or deoxy moieties. Efficient radical dehalogenation, Barton‐McCombie reaction, O‐methylation and stereoselective glycosylation are described. We also report preliminary results of the effect of these modifications upon the activity of recombinant chondroitin sulfate N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐1 (CSGalNAcT‐1), an enzyme involved at the bifurcation step of the biosynthesis of PGs.
Synthesis of Non‐precious N‐doped Mesoporous Fe3O4/CoO@NC Materials towards Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Jiang Bolong , Lu Decheng , Jiang Nan , Jiang Hailin , Qi Lihua , Shi Shunjie , Cui Yanyan , Tan Weiqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractN‐doped transition metal oxides are strategic materials towards the efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Non‐precious N‐doped Fe3O4/CoO@NC−T (T represents carbonization temperature) catalysts are prepared by an efficient two‐step strategy for ORR. Fe3O4/CoO@NC‐750 exhibits the best performance with an efficient four‐electron transfer pathway. The optimal power density of MFCs by using Fe3O4/CoO@NC‐750 as the cathode catalyst (1243.4 mW ⋅ m−2) is superior to that of the MFCs with commercial Pt/C catalyst (1080 mW ⋅ m−2), which shows an outstanding activity towards ORR. No significant decrease in output voltage results over 70 days, which shows an excellent electrochemical stability.
A novel approach for enumeration of extracellular vesicles from crude and purified cell culture samples
Authors: Kruse Thomas , Schneider Samuel , Reger Lucas Nik , Kampmann Markus , Reif Oscar‐Werner 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been increased in recent years due to their potential application in diagnosis and therapy of severe diseases. The versatile fields of application due to the numerous possible cargos and the targeted delivery system make them a promising biopharmaceutical product. However, their broad size range as well as varied surface protein content result in challenges for the purification, characterization, and quantification. In this study a novel method, based on high‐resolution flow cytometry, was examined for the enumeration of EVs in purified as well as crude process samples. In addition to quantification, samples were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, and analytical size exclusion chromatography. It has been demonstrated that EVs were successfully enumerated with the novel method, offering great benefits for development and monitoring of EV processes.