bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferroelectric Polymer Drives Performance Enhancement of Non‐fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Jiawei , Huang Bin , Li Wenhao , Zhang Lifu , Jeong Sang Young , Huang Shaorong , Zhang Shijing , Wu Feiyan , Xu Xiaoli , Zou Guifu , Woo Han Young , Chen Yiwang , Chen Lie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnhancing the built‐in electric field to promote charge dynamitic process is of great significance to boost the performance of the non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs), which has rarely been concerned. In this work, we introduced a cheap ferroelectric polymer as an additive into the active layers of non‐fullerene OSCs to improve the device performance. An additional and permanent electrical field was produced by the polarization of the ferroelectric dipoles, which can substantially enhance the built‐in electric field. The promoted exciton separation, significantly accelerated charge transport, reduced the charge recombination, as well as the optimized film morphology were observed in the device, leading to a significantly improved performance of the PVDF‐modified OSCs with various active layers, such as PM6 : Y6, PM6 : BTP‐eC9, PM6 : IT‐4F and PTB7‐Th : Y6. Especially, a record efficiency of 17.72 % for PM6 : Y6‐based OSC and an outstanding efficiency of 18.17 % for PM6 : BTP‐eC9‐based OSC were achieved.
Total Synthesis of Starfish Cyclic Steroid Glycosides
Authors: Zhu Dapeng , Geng Mingyu , Yu Biao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStarfishes have evolved with a special type of secondary metabolites, namely starfish saponins, to ward off various predators and parasites; among them, the starfish cyclic steroid glycosides stand out structurally, featuring a unique 16‐membered ring formed by bridging the steroidal C3 and C6 with a trisaccharide. The rigid cyclic scaffold and the congested and vulnerable steroid‐sugar etherate linkage present an unprecedented synthetic challenge. Here we report a collective total synthesis of the major starfish cyclic steroid glycosides, namely luzonicosides A (1) and D (2) and sepositoside A (3), with an innovative approach, which entails a de novo construction of the ether‐linked hexopyranosyl units, use of olefinic pyranoses as sugar precursors, and a decisive ring‐closing glycosylation under the mild gold(I)‐catalyzed conditions.
Polyoxometalate‐Surfactant Assemblies: Responsiveness to Orthogonal Stimuli
Authors: Xia Zhiqin , Lin Chang‐Gen , Yang Yang , Wang Yongkang , Wu Zhanpeng , Song Yu‐Fei , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntegrating different types of supramolecular interactions opens the possibility to generate nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) at the liquid–liquid interface that are responsive to multiple stimuli. Here we develop a covalently modified polyoxometalate/β‐cyclodextrin (POM/β‐CD) organic–inorganic hybrid, consisting of a negatively charged POM cluster with β‐CD host groups. The POM/β‐CD hybrid can be dispersed in water and interacts at a water/oil interface with ligands dissolved in an oil phase through electrostatic or host–guest interactions, thereby generating POM‐surfactants (POMSs) having pH, redox, and guest‐competitive responsiveness, respectively. By taking advantage of the jamming of POMSs at the interface, a reconfigurable all‐liquid system could be produced that is responsive to orthogonal changes in the external environment.
Synthesis of Giant Dendritic Polyphenylenes with 366 and 546 Carbon Atoms and Their High‐vacuum Electrospray Deposition
Authors: Hou Ian Cheng‐Yi , Hinaut Antoine , Scherb Sebastian , Meyer Ernst , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDendritic polyphenylenes (PPs) can serve as precursors of nanographenes (NGs) if their structures represent 2D projections without overlapping benzene rings. Here, we report the synthesis of two giant dendritic PPs fulfilling this criteria with 366 and 546 carbon atoms by applying a “layer‐by‐layer” extension strategy. Although our initial attempts on their cyclodehydrogenation toward the corresponding NGs in solution were unsuccessful, we achieved their deposition on metal substrates under ultrahigh vacuum through the electrospray technique. Scanning probe microscopy imaging provides valuable information on the possible thermally induced partial planarization of such giant dendritic PPs on a metal surface.
Herausforderungen für ein Lebenszyklusmanagement für Bauwerke der Verkehrsinfrastruktur – Ergebnisse von leitfadengeführten Experteninterviews
Authors: Hindersmann Iris , Staub Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDie Erhaltung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur in Deutschland ist häufig durch ein reaktives Vorgehen geprägt. Im Rahmen von Experteninterviews mit Vertretern der Verkehrsträger Schiene, Straße und Wasserstraße wurde über das aktuelle Vorgehen in Bezug auf die Erhaltung der Verkehrsinfrastrukturbauwerke sowie Herausforderungen gesprochen. Dabei stand die Einbettung der Erhaltungsstrategie in ein Lebenszyklusmanagement im Fokus. Das Prozess‐, Betriebs‐ und Deutungswissen der Experten half dabei, umfassende Informationen zusammenzutragen. Im Ergebnis konnte die Verknüpfung sowohl zwischen Forschung und Praxis als auch zwischen den einzelnen Verkehrsträgern intensiviert und die Grundlagen zur Einführung eines Lebenszyklusmanagements zusammengetragen werden.
Validierung von daten‐ und modellbasierten Methoden zur Schadenslokalisierung
Authors: Hübler Clemens , Hofmeister Benedikt , Wernitz Stefan , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIngenieurbauwerke zeichnen sich u. a. durch ihre Individualität und ihre Langlebigkeit aus. Daher spielt die messtechnische Überwachung von Ingenieurbauwerken eine entscheidende Rolle. Mithilfe von Methoden der Strukturüberwachung können Veränderungen oder Schäden frühzeitig detektiert, lokalisiert und ggf. sogar quantifiziert werden. In Kombination mit einer numerischen Modellbildung können darüber hinaus Digitale Zwillinge erschaffen werden. Digitale Zwillinge bilden Bauwerke über ihr gesamtes Leben ab und können somit helfen, sowohl den Entwurf als auch den Betrieb zu optimieren. Eine Herausforderung bei der Entwicklung von Methoden der Strukturüberwachung ist deren Validierung im Zusammenhang mit realen Anwendungen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher eine Teststruktur vorgestellt, die explizit zur Validierung von Methoden der Strukturüberwachung entwickelt wurde. Die Messdaten der Struktur stehen für Forschungs‐ und Industrieanwendungen frei zur Verfügung. Zwei unterschiedliche Methoden (daten‐ und modellbasiert) zur Schadenslokalisation werden vorgestellt, verglichen und validiert.
Monotonicity conditions for avoiding counterintuitive decisions in basket trials
Authors: Baumann Lukas , Krisam Johannes , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn a basket trial, a new treatment is tested in different subgroups, called the baskets. In oncology, the baskets usually comprise patients with different primary tumor sites but a common biomarker. Most basket trials are uncontrolled phase II trials and investigate a binary endpoint such as tumor response. To combine the data of baskets that show a similar response to the treatment, many basket trial designs use Bayesian borrowing methods. This increases the power compared to a basketwise analysis. However, it can lead to posterior probabilities that are not monotonically increasing in the number of responses. We show that, as a consequence, two types of counterintuitive decisions can arise—one that occurs within a single trial and one that occurs when the results are compared between different trials. We propose two monotonicity conditions for the inference in basket trials. Using a design recently proposed by Fujikawa and colleagues, we investigate the case of a single‐stage basket trial with equal sample sizes in all baskets and show that, as the number of baskets increases, these conditions are violated for a wide range of different borrowing strengths. We show that in the investigated scenarios pruning baskets can help to ensure that the monotonicity conditions hold and investigate how this affects type I error rate and power.
Whole‐cell biosynthesis of cytarabine by an unnecessary protein‐reduced Escherichia coli that coexpresses purine and uracil phosphorylase
Authors: Ping Li , Ruxian Jing , Mengping Zhou , Pei Jia , Zhuoya Li , Guosheng Liu , Zhenyu Wang , Hailei Wang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrently, whole‐cell catalysts face challenges due to the complexity of reaction systems, although they have a cost advantage over pure enzymes. In this study, cytarabine was synthesized by purified purine phosphorylase 1 (PNP1) and uracil phosphorylase (UP), and the conversion of cytarabine from adenine arabinoside reached 72.3 ± 4.3%. However, the synthesis was unsuccessful by whole‐cell catalysis due to interference from unnecessary proteins (UNPs) in cells. Thus, we carried out a large‐scale gene editing involving 377 genes in the genome of Escherichia coli to reduce the negative effect of UNPs on substrate conversion and cytarabine production. Finally, the PNP1 and UP activities of the obtained mutant were increased significantly compared with the parental strain, and more importantly, the conversion rate of cytarabine by whole‐cell catalysis reached 67.4 ± 2.5%. The lack of 148 proteins and downregulation of 783 proteins caused by gene editing were equivalent to partial purification of the enzymes within cells, and thus, we provided inspiration to solve the problem caused by UNP interference, which is ubiquitous in the field of whole‐cell catalysis.
Abnormal functional connectivity of the striatum in first‐episode drug‐naive early‐onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Yan , Peng Yue , Song Yichen , Zhou Youqi , Zhang Sen , Yang Ge , Yang Yongfeng , Li Wenqiang , Yue Weihua , Lv Luxian , Zhang Dai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbnormal brain network connectivity is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The striatum, consisting of the caudate and putamen, is the major treatment target for antipsychotics, the primary treatments for schizophrenia; however, there are few studies on the functional connectivity (FC) of striatum in drug‐naive early‐onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. We examined the FC values of the caudate nucleus and putamen with whole brain by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) and the associations with indices of clinical severity. Patients demonstrated abnormal FC between subregions of the putamen and both the visual network (left middle occipital gyrus) and default mode network (bilateral anterior cingulate, left superior frontal, and right middle frontal gyri). Furthermore, FC between dorsorostral putamen and left superior frontal gyrus correlated with both positive symptom subscore and total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). These findings demonstrate abnormal FC between the striatum and other brain areas even in the early stages of schizophrenia, supporting neurodevelopmental disruption in disease etiology and expression.
Assessment of corn stover pretreated with shock and alkali using methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion
Authors: Olokede Opeyemi , Hsu Shen‐chun , Ju Huang , Helms Elise , Broyles Aidan , Holtzapple Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCorn stover, an underutilized agricultural residue, is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for producing biofuels. To fully utilize it, pretreatment is needed. Typically, pretreatments are rapidly assessed using extracellular enzymes that release sugars from cellulose and hemicellulose. In contrast, this study uses methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion (MAAD) to assess pretreatments. Although time consuming, MAAD is a more accurate assessment technique when lignocellulose is employed in the carboxylate platform, a promising approach that utilizes nearly all biomass components. Using recommended pretreatment conditions identified from a previous study, three corn stover pretreatments were compared using MAAD: (1) shock‐only, (2) NaOH‐only, and (3) shock + NaOH. Air‐dried sewage sludge was used as nutrient source. At 100 g/L initial substrate concentration, compared to untreated corn stover, shock‐only decreased conversion (amount of biomass digested) by 14%, NaOH‐only increased conversion by 82%, and shock + NaOH increased conversion by 104%. Using batch MAAD data, the continuum particle distribution model simulated four‐stage countercurrent fermentation. At an industrial non‐acid volatile solids (NAVS) concentration of 300 g/Lliq, for both NaOH‐only and shock + NaOH, the model predicts total carboxylic acid concentration of about 58 g/L and conversion of about 0.85 g NAVSdigested/g NAVSfed at liquid retention time of 35 days and volatile solid loading rate of 4 g/(Lliq⋅day). At this long solid residence time, shock is not necessary; however, with short solid residence times, shock acts synergistically to aid NaOH pretreatment. Shock treatment offers a way to reduce pretreatment costs without sacrificing pretreatment efficacy.
Association between preoperative serum Cystatin‐C levels and postsurgical oncological prognosis in patients with PRCC: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lu Shiyang , Li Shijie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveCystatin‐C (Cys‐C) is a predictor of several malignancies. However, whether Cys‐C levels predict prognosis in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between Cys‐C and clinical outcomes in patients with PRCC.MethodsThe medical records of 137 patients with PRCC who underwent surgery at our institution from January 2008 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were divided into two subgroups based on cutoff values and the relationship between the Cys‐C group and their clinical outcomes was assessed.ResultsBy the last follow‐up, 62 patients had died of various causes, 53 of whom died from PRCC. Sixty patients suffered recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up. Based on the cutoff value, the patients were divided into two groups: low Cys‐C group (Cys‐C < 1.25 mg/L, n = 92) and high Cys‐C group (Cys‐C ≥ 1.25 mg/L, n = 45). Pathological classification and serum Cys‐C levels were shown to be independent prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes, according to multivariate Cox regression analysis (p < 0.05). After adjusting the Cox proportional hazards model, the risk of death was elevated in the high Cys‐C group. The results of the area under the curve for time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics analysis indicated that Cys‐C is a stable and reliable prognostic biomarker for predicting survival in patients with PRCC. Forest plots, constructed to better reflect the comparison of hazard ratios between the two groups, confirmed that Cys‐C levels were significantly associated with worsening overall survival.ConclusionThis study is the first to examine the relationship between preoperative serum Cys‐C levels and prognostic overall survival in patients with PRCC. Cys‐C may be a useful biomarker for preoperative screening of high‐risk patients who may require adjuvant therapy.
Testis‐specific hnRNP is expressed in colorectal cancer cells and accelerates cell growth mediating ZDHHC11 mRNA stabilization
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Konishi Hiroaki , Fujiya Mikihiro , Takahashi Keitaro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVarious heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) have been reported to be associated with cancer cell growth. However, it remains unclear whether hnRNP G‐T, which is specifically expressed in the testis, is expressed in tumor cells, and whether hnRNP G‐T expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is associated with tumor progression. We herein report that hnRNP G‐T promoted cancer cell growth and stabilized mRNA of ZDHHC11 in CRC. The cell growth was inhibited by transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T in cancer cells, but not in non‐cancerous epithelial cells. The tumor promotive effect of hnRNP G‐T was confirmed in an HCT116 transplanted mouse model. RT‐PCR and western blotting indicated the augmentation of hnRNP G‐T in CRC in comparison to non‐cancerous cells. The downregulation of hnRNP G‐T inhibited cancer cell growth and promoted apoptosis in CRC. A transcriptome analysis combined with immunoprecipitation revealed that hnRNP G‐T stabilized 174 mRNAs, including ZDHHC11 mRNA. The cell growth was also suppressed by the transfection of siRNA of ZDHHC11 and the mRNA and the protein expression were decreased by the transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T. These results suggested that hnRNP G‐T promotes the cell growth of CRC by regulating the mRNA of ZDHHC11. Therefore, hnRNP G‐T will be highlighted as an effective therapeutic target with less adverse effects in CRC therapy.
Tongue metastasis originated from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Aledavood Seyed Amir , Akbari Oryani Mahsa , Pishevar Feizabad Zohreh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tongue is a rare site for metastasis. In this report, we present a woman with a history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who suffered from two metastatic masses on the left side of her tongue 2 years after completion of definitive chemoradiation. The patient underwent chemotherapy and left hemi‐glossectomy.
Intravascular lymphoma masquerading as septic shock
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Miyazaki Shinichi , Yabu Kodai , Sawada Yumi , Kondo Yuki , Aoyama Tadashi , Nara Yoshiharu , Yano Motoyoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma that selectively affects small blood vessels. We report a patient who presented with dyspnea and weight loss as well as refractory shock and multiple‐organ dysfunction. The postmortem revealed disseminated involvement of an IVL but no evidence of infection.
Pneumoscrotum secondary to pneumothorax: Clinical images
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba , Kasapato Tshisola Miji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis clinical image presents an unusual association of pneumoscrotum and pneumothorax in a trauma setting. Clinicians managing chest trauma patients need to be aware of such association. The etiology of pneumoscrotum must be clarified through history, physical examination, and investigations as necessary considering that its management targets the primary cause.
Eco‐conception of Highly Salt‐Tolerant Alkyl Ether Carboxylate Hydrotropes with a Glyceryl Spacer
Authors: Herbinski Aurélien , Illous Estelle , Métay Estelle , Ontiveros Jesus F. , Aubry Jean‐Marie , Lemaire Marc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNew alkyl ether carboxylates with a glyceryl spacer instead of ethylene glycol units have been synthesised using environmentally friendly methodology. A cascade synthesis of acetalisation and hydrogenolysis was developed to obtain products containing an alkyl chain linked to a glycerol unit bearing a polar carboxylate head. These products were methylated by using trimethyl phosphate to observe the influence of a free or methoxylated alcohol on the physicochemical properties. Finally, saponification gave the carboxylate anionic group of the new hydrotropes. Studying the amphiphilicity, the tolerance to sodium and calcium ions, and the solubilising power of these bio‐based ionic/nonionic hydrotropes has shown that they exhibit significantly improved application properties compared to similar petro‐based hydrotropes.
A Single Bioinspired Hexameric Nickel Catechol–Alloxazine Catalyst Combines Metal and Radical Mechanisms for Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Das Agnideep , Schleinitz Jules , Karmazin Lydia , Vincent Bruno , Le Breton Nolwenn , Rogez Guillaume , Guenet Aurélie , Choua Sylvie , Grimaud Laurence , Desage‐El Murr Marine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanisms combining organic radicals and metallic intermediates hold strong potential in homogeneous catalysis. Such activation modes require careful optimization of two interconnected processes: one for the generation of radicals and one for their productive integration towards the final product. We report that a bioinspired polymetallic nickel complex can combine ligand‐ and metal‐centered reactivities to perform fast hydrosilylation of alkenes under mild conditions through an unusual dual radical‐ and metal‐based mechanism. This earth‐abundant polymetallic complex incorporating a catechol‐alloxazine motif as redox‐active ligand operates at low catalyst loading (0.25 mol%) and generates silyl radicals and a nickel‐hydride intermediate through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step. Evidence of an isomerization sequence enabling terminal hydrosilylation of internal alkenes points towards the involvement of the nickel‐hydride species in chain walking. This single catalyst promotes a hybrid pathway by combining synergistically ligand and metal participation in both inner‐ and outer‐ sphere processes.
The Online Cancer Nutrition Misinformation: A framework of behavior change based on exposure to cancer nutrition misinformation
Authors: Warner Echo L. , Basen‐Engquist Karen M. , Badger Terry A. , Crane Tracy E. , Raber‐Ramsey Margaret 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPatients with cancer and caregivers increasingly use the internet to find health and lifestyle information, yet online recipes, diet, and nutrition content are unregulated and may be confusing or even misleading. We describe cancer‐related nutrition and meal planning information from Pinterest.MethodsIn June 2020, we searched Pinterest using “cancer recipe” and “recipe for cancer” at 3 times daily for 2 weeks. Duplicates were removed for a final sample of n = 103 pins. Each pin was coded for 58 variables including descriptives, cancer claims (eg, treatment, prevention, and cure), and nutrition claims (eg, “turmeric cures cancer”). We summarized each variable to describe the content of cancer nutrition claims on Pinterest and examined associations between claim types and contextual factors, including the use of academic citations, disclaimers, and personal anecdotes.ResultsPinners had on average 116,767 followers (range, 0‐1.5 million). Almost half of content sites were for profit (48.5%) and 34% were selling a product. Health claims were common, with content that purported to prevent (41.8%), treat (27.2%), or cure (10.7%) cancer. Vague phrases such as “anti‐cancer,” “cancer‐fighting,” or “cancer‐busting” were also used. The inclusion of validity indicators including academic citations, disclaimers, and personal anecdotes varied significantly by the types of claims made. Together, these analyses informed the development of a conceptual framework of cancer‐related nutrition misinformation.ConclusionsThere are clear financial incentives for the promotion of cancer nutrition information online. More research is needed to understand how exposure to nutrition information can influence patient/caregiver behavior and downstream clinical and psychosocial outcomes.