bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing nuclear observables via primordial nucleosynthesis
Authors: Meißner Ulf-G. , Metsch Bernard Ch. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the dependence of primordial nuclear abundances on fundamental nuclear observables such as binding energies, scattering lengths, neutron lifetime, etc. by varying these quantities. The numerical computations were performed with four publicly available codes, thus facilitating an investigation of the model-dependent (systematic) uncertainties on these dependences. Indeed deviations of the order of a few percent are found. Moreover, accounting for the temperature dependence of the sensitivity of the rates to some relevant parameters leads to a reduction of the sensitivity of the final primordial abundances, which in some cases is appreciable. These effects are considered to be relevant for studies of the dependence of the nuclear abundances on fundamental parameters such as quark masses or couplings underlying the nuclear parameters studied here.
Fertility Awareness and Attitudes Among Women Embarking on a Career in Medicine
Authors: MOORE Rebecca , MOORE David , MACARTHUR Lauren , HOMER Hayden , CAMERON Sarah , BELL Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

Background: Previous international studies suggest professional women are more likely to delay childbearing whilst pursuing career goals. Due to prolonged education and training pathways, female medical students may be particularly at risk of fertility difficulties from delayed childbearing. Aim: To explore, among female medical students, the understanding of age-related fertility decline, attitudes toward prophylactic fertility interventions, and beliefs about potential effects of childbearing on training and career opportunities. Method: Cross-sectional online survey of female medical students at The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Results: The average response rate was 81% (n=113). 95% of respondents were aged 18 to 29, and most (98%) did not have children. 72% intend to have children; 24% within five years, and over 60% intending to delay for 10-15 years. 62% of respondents intend to undertake specialty training, 29% planning to delay childbearing until after training. Of these, 50% perceive that having children sooner would negatively impact career prospects or compromise financial security. Half of respondents reported their fertility knowledge as sound or high. Age of significant fertility decline was well understood, although 90% overestimated the chance of spontaneous pregnancy at age 30. 88% respondents recognise oocyte cryopreservation in their 20’s as a fertility preservation option, though only 28% would consider this in next 10 years with 21% not considering it at all. Respondents strongly believe they should be informed of age-related fertility decline (100%) and of fertility preservation options (98%). 79% believe medical students should seek individualised assessment. Conclusion: Future fertility is important to these at-risk women, who intend to undertake a prolonged education and training pathway. Despite reasonable understanding of age-related fertility decline, most intend to delay childbearing, perceiving financial and career disadvantages of earlier childbearing. Information about age-related fertility decline and fertility preservation strategies is strongly desired by this group.
Distinct Genetically Determined Origins of Myd88/BCL2-Driven Aggressive Lymphoma Rationalize Targeted Therapeutic Intervention Strategies
Authors: Flümann Ruth , Hansen Julia , Pelzer Benedikt W. , Nieper Pascal , Lohmann Tim , Kisis Ilmars , Riet Tobias , Kohlhas Viktoria , Nguyen Phuong-Hien , Peifer Martin , Abedpour Nima , Bosco Graziella , Thomas Roman K. , Kochanek Moritz , Knüfer Jacqueline , Jonigkeit Lorenz , Beleggia Filippo , Holzem Alessandra , Büttner Reinhard , Lohneis Philipp , Meinel Jörn , Ortmann Monika , Persigehl Thorsten , Hallek Michael , Calado Dinis Pedro , Chmielewski Markus , Klein Sebastian , Göthert Joachim R. , Chapuy Bjoern , Zevnik Branko , Wunderlich F. Thomas , von Tresckow Bastian , Jachimowicz Ron D. , Melnick Ari M. , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Knittel Gero 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Genomic profiling revealed the identity of at least 5 subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including the MCD/C5 cluster characterized by aberrations in MYD88, BCL2, PRDM1, and/or SPIB. We generated mouse models harboring B cell–specific Prdm1 or Spib aberrations on the background of oncogenic Myd88 and Bcl2 lesions. We deployed whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome, flow-cytometry, and mass cytometry analyses to demonstrate that Prdm1- or Spib-altered lymphomas display molecular features consistent with prememory B cells and light-zone B cells, whereas lymphomas lacking these alterations were enriched for late light-zone and plasmablast-associated gene sets. Consistent with the phenotypic evidence for increased B cell receptor signaling activity in Prdm1-altered lymphomas, we demonstrate that combined BTK/BCL2 inhibition displays therapeutic activity in mice and in five of six relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients. Moreover, Prdm1-altered lymphomas were immunogenic upon transplantation into immuno-competent hosts, displayed an actionable PD-L1 surface expression, and were sensitive to antimurine-CD19-CAR-T cell therapy, in vivo.

Significance:
Relapsed/refractory DLBCL remains a major medical challenge, and most of these patients succumb to their disease. Here, we generated mouse models, faithfully recapitulating the biology of MYD88-driven human DLBCL. These models revealed robust preclinical activity of combined BTK/BCL2 inhibition. We confirmed activity of this regimen in pretreated non–GCB-DLBCL patients.
See related commentary by Leveille et al., p. 8.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
ENDOVASCULAR ANGIOPLASTY FOR MULTI-LEVEL STENOTIC-OCCLUSIVE LESIONS OF THE FEMORAL-DISTAL ARTERIAL BED IN CASES OF STENOTIC-OCCLUSIVE PROCESS OF THE TIBIAL ARTERIES
Authors: Venher I. K. , Kostiv S. Ya. , Selskyi B. P. , Khvalyboha D. V. , Orlov M. Yu. , Faryna I. V. , Tsiupryk N. I. 
Published: November 2022

Background. Occlusive-stenotic lesions of the lower extremity arteries are the second in the structure of cardiovascular diseases, after only coronary heart disease. Surgical treatment of patients with infrainguinal atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial segment is challenging in a number of cases. At the same time, revascularizing surgical interventions on the femoral-distal artery and especially on the tibial arteries in chronic critical ischemia is the only chance to avoid amputation of the lower limb. In this regard, the search and study of optimal methods of revascularizing surgery on the infrainguinal artery for stenotic-occlusive lesions of the arteries of the tibial segment is urgent.
Objective. This study is aimed at promotion of endovascular and hybrid technology in cases of stenotic-occlusive process of the tibial arteries and choosing the optimal surgical treatment tactics in this case.
Methods. Endovascular interventions of the femoral-distal arterial bed in cases of stenotic-occlusive process of the tibial arteries performed for 135 patients at the Department of Vascular and Cardiac Surgery of Ternopil Regional Clinical Hospital have been analysed.
Results. In most cases, endovascular angioplasty of two tibial arteries in hybrid and endovascular methods of revascularization of multilevel atherosclerotic process of the femoral-distal arterial segment of the lower extremity prevents development of thrombosis in tibial segment and allows maintaining the patency of the reconstruction segment and preservation of the lower extremity in 97.57% and 93.44% of cases, respectively.
Conclusions. Endovascular angioplasty of two tibial arteries provides a better result than angioplasty of one isolated tibial artery and allows maintaining the patency of the reconstructed segment for more than 90 percent compare to one isolated angioplasty.
KLF13 Loss‐of‐Function Mutations Underlying Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo Yu‐Han , Wang Jun , Guo Xiao‐Juan , Gao Ri‐Feng , Yang Chen‐Xi , Li Li , Sun Yu‐Min , Qiu Xing‐Biao , Xu Ying‐Jia , Yang Yi‐Qing 
Published: November 2022

Background
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by progressive left ventricular enlargement and systolic dysfunction, is the most common type of cardiomyopathy and a leading cause of heart failure and cardiac death. Accumulating evidence underscores the critical role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of DCM, and >250 genes have been implicated in DCM to date. However, DCM is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic basis underpinning DCM remains elusive in most cases.

Methods and Results

By genome‐wide scan with microsatellite markers and genetic linkage analysis in a 4‐generation family inflicted with autosomal‐dominant DCM, a new locus for DCM was mapped on chromosome 15q13.1–q13.3, a 4.77‐cM (≈3.43 Mbp) interval between markers D15S1019 and D15S1010, with the largest 2‐point logarithm of odds score of 5.1175 for the marker D15S165 at recombination fraction (θ)=0.00. Whole‐exome sequencing analyses revealed that within the mapping chromosomal region, only the mutation in the
KLF13
gene, c.430G>T (p.E144X), cosegregated with DCM in the family. In addition, sequencing analyses of
KLF13
in another cohort of 266 unrelated patients with DCM and their available family members unveiled 2 new mutations, c.580G>T (p.E194X) and c.595T>C (p.C199R), which cosegregated with DCM in 2 families, respectively. The 3 mutations were absent from 418 healthy subjects. Functional assays demonstrated that the 3 mutants had no transactivation on the target genes
ACTC1
and
MYH7
(2 genes causally linked to DCM), alone or together with GATA4 (another gene contributing to DCM), and a diminished ability to bind the promoters of
ACTC1
and
MYH7
. Add, the E144X‐mutant KLF13 showed a defect in intracellular distribution.

Conclusions

This investigation indicates
KLF13
as a new gene predisposing to DCM, which adds novel insight to the molecular pathogenesis underlying DCM, implying potential implications for prenatal prevention and precision treatment of DCM in a subset of patients.
Divergence and contact in Southern Bantu language and population history
Authors: Gunnink Hilde , Chousou-Polydouri Natalia , Bostoen Koen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present a new, lexicon-based phylogeny of 34 Southern Bantu languages, and combine it with previous insights from linguistics, archaeology, and genetics to study the history of Southern Bantu languages and their speakers. Our phylogeny shows all Southern Bantu languages to derive from a single, direct ancestor, which contrasts with archaeological evidence indicating separate migrations of Bantu speakers into southern Africa. This suggests that the Bantu languages spoken by the first migrants became extinct, and the ancestor of present-day Southern Bantu languages only emerged in southern Africa during the second millennium CE. We also map the distribution of previously established or suspected Khoisan-derived linguistic features in Southern Bantu languages onto this phylogeny. Evidence for intensive contact with speakers of Khoisan languages also comes from population genetics, which shows that Khoisan linguistic influence is mainly seen in languages spoken by populations displaying a higher degree of genetic admixture.
Can You Get There from Here? Difficulties in Generating EU Strategic Culture
Authors: Richey Mason , Ohn Daewon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite conceptual and methodological ambiguities, strategic culture has become a useful notion in international politics. An extension of this is the emergence of debates concerning the EU’s endeavors to cultivate a strategic culture at a supranational level. The EU has functioned as a constructivist laboratory insofar as its integration has been synonymous with the formation of institutional identity and decision-making processes that are building blocks of strategic culture. Employing the definition of strategic culture as the interplay of discourse and practice arrived at through an elite-negotiated reality, we undertake a document analysis that addresses an often neglected issue: what are some of the mechanisms that have led EU strategic culture to advance or stagnate? Beyond simple constructivist accounts, we investigate EU strategic culture formation through lessons gleaned from political and organizational/institutional psychology’s understanding of how biased reasoning affects decision-making. We claim that groupthink bias and other biases within the decision-making apparatuses of EU institutions have shaped EU strategic culture formation. This approach enables us to better understand the specific nature of the EU’s efforts to solidify its strategic culture, as well as the prospects for the EU to coherently execute grand strategy addressing challenges in the EU neighborhood and the Indo-Pacific.
Indonesian Throughflow Slowdown under Global Warming: Remote AMOC Effect versus Regional Surface Forcing
Authors: Peng Qihua , Xie Shang-Ping , Huang Rui Xin , Wang Weiqiang , Zu Tingting , Wang Dongxiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is projected to slow down under anthropogenic warming. Several mechanisms—some mutually conflicting—have been proposed but the detailed processes causing this slowdown remain unclear. By turning on/off buoyancy and wind forcings globally and in key regions, this study investigates the dynamical adjustments underlying the centennial ITF slowdown in the global oceans and climate models. Our results show that the projected weakened ITF transport in the top 1500 m is dominated by remote anomalous buoyancy forcing in the North Atlantic Ocean. Specifically, surface freshening and warming over the North Atlantic Ocean slow the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and the resultant dynamic signals propagate through the coastal-equatorial waveguide into the southeastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean, causing the reduction of ITF transport over a deep layer. In contrast, the anomalous surface buoyancy flux in the Indo-Pacific affects the ocean temperature and salinity in a shallow upper layer, resulting in ITF changes in forms of high baroclinic mode structure with negligible impacts on the net ITF transport. A vertical partitioning index is proposed to distinguish the remote forcing via the AMOC and regional forcing in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, which could be useful for monitoring, attributing, and predicting the changing ITF transport under global warming.
Measuring Turbulent Dissipation with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters in the Presence of Large, Intermittent, Infragravity Frequency Bores
Authors: Wheeler Duncan C. , Giddings Sarah N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This manuscript presents several improvements to methods for despiking and measuring turbulent dissipation values with acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs). This includes an improved inertial subrange fitting algorithm relevant for all experimental conditions as well as other modifications designed to address failures of existing methods in the presence of large infragravity (IG) frequency bores and other intermittent, nonlinear processes. We provide a modified despiking algorithm, wavenumber spectrum calculation algorithm, and inertial subrange fitting algorithm that together produce reliable dissipation measurements in the presence of IG frequency bores, representing turbulence over a 30 min interval. We use a semi-idealized model to show that our spectrum calculation approach works substantially better than existing wave correction equations that rely on Gaussian-based velocity distributions. We also find that our inertial subrange fitting algorithm provides more robust results than existing approaches that rely on identifying a single best fit and that this improvement is independent of environmental conditions. Finally, we perform a detailed error analysis to assist in future use of these algorithms and identify areas that need careful consideration. This error analysis uses error distribution widths to find, with 95% confidence, an average systematic uncertainty of ±15.2% and statistical uncertainty of ±7.8% for our final dissipation measurements. In addition, we find that small changes to ADV despiking approaches can lead to large uncertainties in turbulent dissipation and that further work is needed to ensure more reliable despiking algorithms.

Significance Statement
Turbulent mixing is a process where the random movement of water can lead to water with different properties irreversibly mixing. This process is important to understand in estuaries because the extent of mixing of freshwater and saltwater inside an estuary alters its overall circulation and thus affects ecosystem health and the distribution of pollution or larvae in an estuary, among other things. Existing approaches to measuring turbulent dissipation, an important parameter for evaluating turbulent mixing, make assumptions that fail in the presence of certain processes, such as long-period, breaking waves in shallow estuaries. We evaluate and improve data analysis techniques to account for such processes and accurately measure turbulent dissipation in shallow estuaries. Some of our improvements are also relevant to a broad array of coastal and oceanic conditions.
A Novel Rat Model for Muscle Regeneration and Fibrosis Studies in Surgical Lip Repair
Authors: Li Jinggui , Huang Yixuan , Li Jingtao , Shi Bing , Cheng Xu 
Published: November 2022

Objective Lip muscle undergoes suboptimal regeneration after surgical repair, but the mechanism underlying this observation remains obscure. This study provided a rat model to investigate lip muscle regeneration after surgical intervention. Design This work provided a detailed description of the rat orbicularis oris muscle anatomy, and a surgically injured model was established based on the muscle anatomy. Main Outcome Measures Morphological and histological features of the rat orbicularis oris muscle were characterized. The processes of myogenesis and fibrogenesis were examined between the untreated and surgically injured groups. Results Rat orbicularis oris muscle is encapsulated by the vermilion and oral mucosa. Although it remains a thin layer of flat muscle with tight myocutaneous and myomucosal junctions, if accessed properly, the rat orbicularis oris muscle could be isolated as a cylindrical muscle bundle with considerable size, facilitating further surgical manipulations of the muscle fibers. Muscles in steady state and after surgical intervention demonstrated distinct molecular features in the myogenesis and fibrogenesis processes, which were quantifiable in tissue section analysis. Conclusion The orbicularis oris muscle dissection procedures and injury model provided in this work clarify the rat lip muscle anatomy. The injury model offered a platform to analyze the effects of surgical interventions commonly used in lip repair on orbicularis oris muscle regeneration.
A journey with no roadmap—The need for validated criteria of the MS prodrome
Authors: Roman Sharon 
Published: November 2022

Background: A growing body of compelling evidence has emerged to validate a set of signs and symptoms that indicates the onset of disease before more typical signs and symptoms present to fulfill a diagnosis of MS. On 24 June 2021, a group of international researchers, patient advocates, and Society representatives led by Professors Helen Tremlett (University of British Columbia) and Ruth Ann Marrie (University of Manitoba) convened virtually for a workshop. Objective: Identify key gaps in knowledge, opportunities, and research priorities regarding the prodromal stage of MS. Methods: The group developed a new framework for MS that includes the stage of early signs and symptoms of MS—and outlined a roadmap to guide future research, with the “goal of preventing the progression to onset of typical symptoms of MS in those who present during the prodromal stage of MS”. Results: If high-risk individuals in the early stages of MS can be identified with a high degree of certainty, there is an opportunity to intervene and minimize the risk of progressing to typical MS symptoms and a diagnosis of MS. Conclusion: Standardized criteria must be developed, validated, and point of intervention found to better recognize, better diagnose, and better treat MS.
Uncovering the discursive ‘borders’ of professional identities in English early childhood workforce reform policy
Authors: Archer Nathan 
Published: November 2022

The early childhood workforce in England has experienced periods of policy attention and more recently policy neglect. During the past two decades (2000–2022) the extent of interest in workforce policy has fluctuated with episodes of investment followed by phases of disinvestment. Throughout this period, early childhood educators have been subjected to multiple, often conflicting and shifting demands upon them, which have evolved with varying political priorities. This paper builds on earlier analyses and exposes how neoliberal logic has been advanced in the intervening years and continues to permeate the terrain. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of nine English early childhood workforce policies numerous, dominant, institutional discourses and reciprocal obligation are discerned. This analysis uncovers how policies of standard setting, credentialising and surveillance create discursive borders which are established and maintained to create the ‘ideal’ professional identities of early educators. It is contended that these conceptual and discursive borders delimit versions of professional identities and thereby curtail capacity to imagine and act beyond such boundaries. The paper concludes that identifying and naming these borders are important prerequisites for contestation of such institutional discourses and for asserting alternative subject positions.
Incidence and Treatment Trends of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in Finland: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Leino Oskari , Keskinen Heli , Laaksonen Inari , Mäkelä Keijo , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Ekman Elina 
Published: November 2022

Background: Global reports indicate rising Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) incidence. In recent decades, the optimal treatment for this injury has been widely studied. Alongside the cumulating comparative evidence regarding the optimal method of treatment, nonoperative treatment has increased in popularity compared with operative treatment. Purpose: To determine the current incidence of ATRs and their treatment in Finland and how these have changed from 1997 to 2019. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Two national registers (the National Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish Register of Primary Health Care Visits) were used to identify all ATR cases and operations to treat them; the incidence was calculated based on the annual adult population size. Results: During the study period, ATR incidence increased from 17.3 to 32.3 per 100,000 person-years. The increase in incidence seemed to plateau starting in the second half of the study period. The rise in ATR incidence occurred in both sexes and all age groups but most markedly among the elderly. The incidence of operative treatment decreased from 13.6 to 4.9 per 100,000 person-years. This decline was observed from 2008 onward and in all age groups. Conclusion: The incidence of ATRs increased and the use of operative treatment decreased. The decreasing trend of operative treatment is in line with other international reports and resonates with the current literature about the optimal treatment of ATRs.