bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation of Strain and Catalytic Activity of Au, Pt, and Pd on Graphene
Authors: Drexler Matthew N , Alamgir Faisal M. 
Published: November 2022

The catalytic activity of transition metals is highly influenced by the shape of their d-bands. This can be influenced by adjacent materials through two mechanisms: the strain effect, where the degree of orbital overlap affects their electronic structure; and the ligand effect, where the orbital overlap of two different atoms convolves their electronic structures, altering the energy distribution of their bands and transferring charge between them. Benefits derived from manipulating these effects are usually obtained through alloying or the use of core-shell structures, but a support substrate will produce these as well, although they are more difficult to attribute to a substrate as these effects only have an effective range of a few atoms. In a previous study looking at a few monolayer equivalents of Pt on graphene, it was observed that the two effects dominated at different amounts of deposition, with detrimental ligand effects dominating at less than three monolayer equivalents of deposition while beneficial strain effects dominated at higher deposition amounts. Normally, these effects are inseparable, but these effects could be decoupled due to the way that Pt bonds with graphene allowing it to alleviate strain at low dimensions. This seeks to expand on that study by characterizing the interactions between Au and Pd in addition to Pt by depositing up to five monolayer equivalents of each metal and observing how the structure and catalytic activity of each change with the increasing self-influence of each metal.
The average atomic strain in Au and Pt were measured using extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, while the atomic structure of Pd was observed through scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was found that Pt and Au both show a compressive strain while graphene imposes a tensile strain on Pd, but this strain gradually lessened with deposition amount for Au while it remained relatively constant for Pt and Pd. This demonstrated that the catalysts were highly influenced by their strain as their catalytic activity showed similar trends, with the Pt and Pd catalysts being relatively invariant in catalytic activity over the deposition range observed while the Au samples showed a gradual decline in activity with deposition amount. In comparison to reference samples, all three catalysts are improved by their interactions with graphene, which is supported by computational analysis, but the nature of its influence is different on each.
Electrodeposition of Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Manjum Marjanul , Jalilvand Golareh , Mustain William Earl 
Published: November 2022

Lithium manganese oxides (LMOs) have drawn significant interest as cathode materials for lithium (Li)-ion batteries due to their high thermal stability, high energy density, and a longer cycle life at a lower cost than lithium cobalt oxides. A significant amount of research has been conducted to prepare cathode materials for Li-ion batteries ex-situ and then to integrate them into electrodes after forming a slurry with the binder and deposition onto the current collector. An alternative pathway to achieve active LMO cathodes is to directly synthesize them on the current collector via electrodeposition (ED). Using ED not only could improve active material utilization and electrode mechanical properties, but it may also reduce the cost of electrode fabrication as well as provide a pathway for facile recycling of spent manganese from a number of applications (e.g. alkaline batteries).
To date, a few studies have reported the synthesis of LMOs by electrodeposition [1,2]. When doing this, the first step of the process is to deposit manganese oxide (s), MnxOy. Then, the oxide is lithiated to form the LMOs (i.e. LiMnxOy). Despite the fact that this process has been demonstrated, and active materials with reasonable capacity have been shown, it is presently unknown what LiMnxOy phase or phases are active. It is also not definitively known which MnxOy phase(s) is(are) involved in the transformation. To move the application of direct deposition of manganese oxide active phases closer to reality, a critical understanding of the solid-state chemistry for its conversion and energy storage is needed.
In this study, Mn oxides were electrochemically prepared by potentiostatic deposition on multiple substrates and treated by lithium hydroxide. After that, the heat treatment of the lithiated deposits gave a mixture of LMOs as the cathode materials on the substrate. This talk will discuss the likely reactions for the formation of LMOs as well as their chemistry during charge/discharge. The morphology and the elemental composition of LMOs will be shown by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The composition and presence of crystalline Mn oxides and LMOs will be clarified by X-ray diffraction. Lastly, results will be shown regarding the cycle performance of the electrochemically prepared LMOs as well as the crystalline phases present after charge-discharge.

References:

Quan, S. Ohguchi, M. Kawase, H. Tanimura, and N. Sonoyama, J. Power Sources, 244, 375 (2013).

Rana, M. Stan, R. Kloepsch, J. Li, G. Schumacher, E. Welter, I. Zizak, J. Banhart, and M. Winter, Adv. Energy Mater., 4, 1300998 (2014).
Electrodeposition of Equiatomic FePt Permanent Magnets from Non-Aqueous Electrolytes Based on Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Bernasconi Roberto , Nova Anna , Pane Vidal Salvador , Magagnin Luca 
Published: November 2022

The highly ordered L10 hard-magnetic phase of the equiatomic FePt alloy is of significant interest for a great number of magnetic applications, ranging from the realization of micromagnets for integrated sensors to the deposition of thin layers for vertical recording media [1]. In this context, the development of wet deposition processes able to yield high-quality layers of FePt represents a topic of considerable industrial relevance. Even though several aqueous-based electrodeposition approaches have been developed for the manufacturing of FePt, most formulations evidenced substantial technological limitations, specifically connected to the use of water as solvent (hydrogen evolution, oxygen contamination of the deposit...).
From this point of view, non-aqueous electrolytes represent a promising alternative for the electrosynthesis of metallic layers. These alternative solvents are characterized by attractive applicative properties: they present wide electrochemical windows, are simple to prepare, formulated from relatively cheap components, almost unreactive with water and, in most cases, biodegradable. Thanks to these properties, they have been widely employed for the electrodeposition of metals [2], alloys [3] or composites [4].
The present work describes the deposition of FePt from a non-aqueous electrolyte based on ethylene glycol, which presents potential advantages over water-based baths in terms of gas evolution reduction and purity improvement of the obtained coatings. Deposition is carried out using Fe(III) and Pt(IV) as precursors and ammonium chloride as additive to enhance the quality of the coatings and their compositional uniformity. In this way, equiatomic FePt thin films characterized by a good morphology are easily obtained. These layers are subsequently characterized to assess their morphology, phase composition and magnetic properties. After annealing at 600 °C, the microstructure changes and the disordered face centered cubic phase present in the as-plated alloy evolves into the highly magneto-crystalline anisotropic L10 phase. As a consequence, the coercivity of the layers reaches values in excess of 10 kOe.
[1] Lodder et al.; Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, pp. 1-10 (2005)
[2] Abbott et al.; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 4265-4279 (2006)
[3] Bernasconi et al.; J. Phys. Chem. B 124(47), 10739-10751 (2020)
[4] Rosoiu et al.; Metals 10(11), 1455 (2020)
High Purity Pd Nanofilm Deposition Via Cu Incorporation Control in Slrr Process
Authors: Kim SooJin , Seo Jinmyeong , Yoon Sanghwa , Yoo Bongyoung 
Published: November 2022

Department of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea

*byyoo@hanyang.ac.kr

ABSTRACT

The deposition of palladium has been considered in many industrial applications and in fundamental science because of the high catalytic activities. Careful control of smooth and continuous Pd film less than 1nm thickness is critical for achieving highly active catalysts. Furthermore, perspective of cost-effective view, minimum usage of Pd is essential for catalyst while showing maximum activity for catalyst due to its high cost.
Electrochemical-atomic layer deposition (E-ALD), can achieve the growth of atomic level of metal film under room temperature and simple condition. E- ALD protocol proceeds using surface limited redox replacement (SLRR). SLRR involves 2 step. First, Au substrate is covered with Cu monolayer, the result of underpotential deposition of Cu (sacrificial element). Underpotential deposition (UPD) is the deposition occurs at more positive potential than equilibrium potential which the potential where deposition actually strats and UPD can limit Cu deposition by atomic layer. Second, Cu atomic layer is replaced by more noble metal (Pd) by galvanic displacement without applying potential. In one cell approach, the concentration ratio of sacrificial metal and noble metal and potential set is carefully set in order to deposit pure noble metal layer. Therefore, precise control of potential and metal concentration is important to execute successful SLRR which prevent Cu incorporation and Pd overpotential deposition upon Cu UPD formation.
In this study, pure Pd nanofilm was formed on Au substrate using Cu sacrificial metal by SLRR protocol. Effort of minimizing Cu incorporation was conducted by controlling Pd ion concentration, potential , open circuit potential condition and adding additive. Pd film was characterized by XPS, AFM and open circuit potential was analyzed by potentiostat. By controlling Pd deposition condition, pure Pd film was successfully formed.

KEYWORDS

Palladium, one-cell, nanofilm, SLRR, Cu UPD
Tailored Bismuth Nanowires for Size-Dependent Transport Studies
Authors: Wagner Michael Florian Peter , Voss Kay-Obbe , Trautmann Christina , Toimil Molares Maria Eugenia 
Published: November 2022

Bismuth nanowires are excellent model systems to investigate the interplay of various size-dependent transport phenomena relevant for applications in thermoelectrics, spintronics or catalytics.
Due to the large Fermi wavelength (lFermi~40 nm) and mean free paths of charge carriers (le and lph ~100 nm) in bismuth at room temperature, the influence of size-effects on the transport properties can be observed on nanowires of rather large diameters. Furthermore, these properties are also influenced by the fact that bismuth belongs to the class of topological insulator materials that exhibit special charge carrier transport on the material surface linked to topological states. To better understand the transport behavior, it is of utmost importance to control the nanowire properties like surface-to-volume ratio, wire diameter and wire morphology, crystal structure, material composition and, in case of nanowire assemblies, their relative alignment to one another.
We present the synthesis of parallel and interconnected assemblies of bismuth nanowires with both cylindrical and conical geometry, and sizes ranging between 50 and 3500 nm. The wires are produced by electrodeposition in polymeric etched ion-track templates applying pulsed plating and an aqueous electrolyte of bismuth chloride. The electrodeposition process as well temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistance measurements as a function of nanowire size and geometry will be discussed.

Figure 1
Electrodeposition of Plasmonic Nanostructures
Authors: Vasiljevic Natasa , Cruz San Martin Vinicius , Sarua Andrei 
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical control and the use of electrodeposition in the design of dynamic plasmonics have attracted much attention in recent years.1 Development of dynamic plasmonic metamaterials is attractive for many applications such as molecular sensing and analysis, environmental monitoring, photo-catalysis, colour changing displays and electrochromic devices such as 'smart' windows. Electrodeposition is one of the most attractive ways to create and reversibly transform nanostructures' shape, size and chemical composition.2,3

Plasmonics is related to the localised surface excitations of electrons in metal nanostructures due to strong interactions with light. The resulted electric field enhancement due to the surface plasmons can be used to manipulate light–matter. Nanostructured Ag and Au are classic plasmonic materials. While silver is a metal that exhibits many advantages over gold, such as higher extinction coefficients in the blue and UV region of the EM spectrum, sharper extinction bands and extremely high field enhancements, its employment is hindered by low chemical stability. The most recent theoretical analysis suggests that Au-Ag derived nanostructures with controlled geometry, composition, and distribution can create new interesting optical phenomena.4 By developing Au-Ag based nanostructures, we can then benefit from combining optical properties of Au and Ag and, at the same time, improve the chemical stability of silver.
We investigated the electrodeposition of Au and Ag-based arrays of ordered and random nano-particles on indium tin oxide substrates from different solutions and studied their optical properties. We demonstrated that varying the electrodeposition parameters led to changes in both the resonance wavelength and the strength of resonance linked to the structural characteristics (size and shape) and the chemical composition of the deposited particles. Exploration of the dynamic reversible changes via electrodeposition will be presented.

References:

Y. Jin, L. Zhou, J. Liang, and J. Zhu, Adv. Photon., 3(4), 044002 (2021).

G. Wang, X. Chen, S. Liu, C. Wong, S. Chu, ACS Nano, 10 (2), 1788–1794, (2016)

C. J. Barile, D. J. Slotcavage, J. Hou, M. T. Strand, T. S. Hernandez, M. D. McGehee, Joule 1 (1), 133-145 (2017)

G. Guisbiers, R. Mendoza-Cruz, L. Bazan-Diaz, J. J. Velazquez-Salazar, R. Mendoza-Perez, J. A. Robledo-Torres, J. L. Rodriguez-Lopez, J. M. Montejano-Carrizales, R. L. Whetten, Jose-Yacaman, M. ACS Nano, 10(1), 188-198, (2016)
Electrochemical Epitaxy: Perspective and Applications
Authors: Brankovic Stanko 
Published: November 2022

Properties of heteroepitaxial thin films are often dependent on the method and conditions for deposition[1]. In that respect, the electrochemical growth represents energetically different approach as compared to conventional vacuum deposition methods. It offers unique advantages, which can be exploited to get high quality ultra-thin films. The obvious one is that process occurs at an ambient temperature, which allows growth of heteroepitaxial metal overlayers while preserving the integrity of the interface. In recent years, significant progress has been made in controlling the thin film growth modes[2],[3],[4]. Various approaches to manipulate growth kinetics and enhance the evolution of atomically flat epitaxial overlayers were discovered[5],[6],[7]. Some of these findings were successfully implemented in electrochemical epitaxial growth resulting in development of deposition protocols such as Defect Mediated Growth (DMG)[8],[9], Surfactant Mediated Growth (SMG)[10] and growth via Surface Limited Redox Replacement (SLRR)[11],[12] with its sub-derivatives such as SEBALD, ECALD, ECALE, E-less ALD. These methods are used extensively by practitioners in different areas to synthesize monolayer or nanocluster catalysts and ultra-thin films with different compositions and applications.
In this talk, we will review current perspective and progress on electrochemical epitaxial growth. Discussion will focus on fundamental and practical details of the relevant phenomena about UPD, SMG, DMG, SLRR and E-less ALD using examples and challenges that are facing researchers in these areas. If time allowed, some out of the box idea will be posted opening podium for discussion.

References

[1]. D. L. Smith, Thin-Film Deposition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1997).
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[4]. A. Pimpinelli and J. Villain, Physics of Crystal Growth, p. 181, Cambridge University Press, NY (2007).
[5]. G. Rosenfeld, R. Servaty, C. Teichert, B. Poeselma and G. Comsa, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
71, 895 (1993).
[6]. J. Camarero, J. Ferron, V. Cros, L.Gomez, A.L. Vazquez de Parga, J.M. Gallego, J.E. Prieto, J.J. de Miguel and R. Miranda, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
81, 850 (1998).
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[11]. S.R. Brankovic, J.X. Wang and R. R. Adzic, Surf. Sci., 474, L173 (2001).
[12]. Nikolay Dimitrov, Electrochim. Acta, 209, 599 (2016).
Perspectives for Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquid Analogues in Metal Electroplating
Authors: Ryder Karl Scott , Lei Chunhong , Lucio Anthony J , Viles Stephen 
Published: November 2022

Here we will specifically describe the opportunities and perspectives offered by non-aqueous so-called deep eutectic solvents (DES) and ionic liquid analogues (ILA) in the materials finishing and metal electroplating industries. We will describe a range of plating and dissolution processes from anti-corrosion coatings to new battery technologies. Details will be presented of the plating and characterisation techniques using some novel in-situ methods. These include electrochemical processing and characterisation as well as a number of cutting-edge surface methodologies including acoustic resonance methods, ESR, EXAFS, atomic force microscopy, neutron scattering techniques and magnetic resonance imaging.
We will describe a number of case-studies including electrolytic deposition of nickel, alloys such as Ni/Zn, and galvanic methods associated with Au and Ag coatings for the electronics industry. 1, 2, 3 In all these studies we have focused on a combination of fundamental chemical, electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic studies, maintaining close links with industrial partners through collaboration and scale-up trials.
We will include very recent updates and future prospects on the use of ILA's in energy storage vectors such as Al secondary batteries. We will describe the advantages and drawbacks of DES and ILA systems in terms of functionality, sustainability and economic cost.

References:
1) Chunhong Lei, Henrik Skouby, Rod Kellner, Emma Goosey, Martin Goosey, Jon Sellars, David Elliot and Karl S. Ryder, Trans IMF, 2022, 100, 2, 63
2) Andrew D. Ballantyne, Robert Barker, Robert M. Dalgliesh, Virginia C. Ferreira, A. Robert Hillman, Emma J. R. Palin, Rachel Sapstead, Emma L. Smith, Nina-Juliane Steinke and Karl S. Ryder, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2018, 819, 511P.
3) Andrew P. Abbott , Andrew Ballantyne, Robert C. Harris, Jamil A. Juma and Karl S. Ryder, Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 176, 718
Challenges in Electrifying Chemical Manufacturing
Authors: Kenis Paul 
Published: November 2022

Current processes used for the conversion of fossil fuel feedstock to fuels and other chemicals or intermediates as well as those used in chemical manufacturing in general tend to be highly carbon positive. These industries indeed are significant contributors to emission of excess carbon dioxide. Often this is the result of the use of fossil-fuel driven processes to yield the high temperatures and/or pressures needed to drive these processes, even in the presence of catalysts. Already, options to replace these energy-intense, carbon positive processes with less carbon positive processes is underway, for example the use of electricity driven processes.
This presentation will explore the status of electrolytic processes for chemical conversion at scale. Significant progress has been made in the electrochemical manufacturing of intermediates of key importance to the chemical industry (e.g., H2, CO, ethylene, ethanol, acetate, ...) using renewable feedstocks such as water and CO2. While electrocatalysts with reasonable activity and selectivity for these intermediates have been developed or are still being developed, several challenges still remain in the desired translation of these electrocatalytic conversion approaches to scalable electrochemical processes. This presentation will review issues and progress regarding a number aspects: (1) electrode durability, how to mitigate electrode degradation processes; (2) scalability of electrolysis cell designs; (3) opportunities for co-conversion, producing value-added products at both electrodes; (4) techno-economic and life cycle assessment of new electrochemical approaches to chemical manufacturing. Furthermore, the presentation will elaborate on associated challenges and needs, such as (i) the variability in composition of many renewable feedstocks (e.g., CO2 from different industrial plants, bio-derived substrates); and (ii) the need for new separations approaches, ideally renewable energy driven, able to purify the new/different product streams from the electrolytic chemical manufacturing processes.
Electrochemical Desalination Using a Hybrid Redox-Flow Cell with a Ceramic Ion Conductor
Authors: Singh Siddhant , Tseng Flora , Lu Wei , Sakamoto Jeff , Kwabi David G. 
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical desalination is a potentially energy-efficient strategy for distributed, small-scale purification of brackish sources, especially as compared to conventional processes that are reliant on heat or reverse osmosis. One promising subcategory of electrochemical desalination systems features a combination of sodium-intercalating electrodes and polymer-based anion-exchange membranes. Although desalination is technically feasible with this design, polymer-based ion-exchange membranes tend to have imperfect permselectivities and to be susceptible to water crossover between diluate and concentrate streams. These issues result in parasitic losses that increase the energetic cost of desalination.
We propose a hybrid flow cell design that features a redox-active electrolyte separated from a solid, anion-converting or anion-intercalating electrode with a solid ceramic ion-exchange membrane. By making use of a dense, ceramic membrane with a far greater selectivity for sodium ion conduction than analogous polymeric ion-exchange membranes, the parasitic issues described above are avoided. We discuss considerations that will impact the relationship among electrode and electrolyte properties, operational parameters (e.g. current density, concentration factor and water recovery percentage) and the energetic cost of desalination.