bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Ligament-Sparing Dorsal Capsulodesis for Partial Scapholunate Ligament Tear
Authors: Curran Matthew W. T. , Wieschollek Stefanie , Strauss Ruby , Manzanero Silvia , Hope Benjamin , Couzens Greg , Ross Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction Various wrist arthroscopy techniques can be used in the management of scapholunate ligament (SLL) partial tears but their success has not been proven. Arthroscopic techniques including thermal shrinkage are becoming more popular in the management of partial SLL injuries. We hypothesized that arthroscopic ligament-sparing capsular tightening yields reliable and satisfactory results for the management of partial SLL tears.
Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on adult (age ≥18 years) patients with chronic partial SLL tears. All patients failed a trial of conservative management consisting of scapholunate strengthening exercises. Patients underwent an arthroscopic dorsal capsular tightening of the radiocarpal joint capsule radial to the origin of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament and proximal to the dorsal intercarpal ligament by either thermal shrinkage or dorsal capsule abrasion. Demographic data, radiological outcomes, patient-rated outcome measures and objective measures of wrist range of motion (ROM), and grip and pinch strength were recorded. Postoperative outcome scores were collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data are reported as median and interquartile range, and comparisons were drawn between baseline and last follow-up. Clinical outcome data were analyzed using a linear mixed model method, while radiographic outcomes were assessed with nonparametric analysis with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.
Results Twenty-three wrists (22 patients) underwent SLL treatment by thermal capsular shrinkage (19 wrists) or dorsal capsular abrasion (4 wrists). Median age at surgery was 41 years (range: 32–48) and median follow-up time was 12 months (range: 3–24). Pain significantly decreased from 62 (45–76) to 18 (7–41) and satisfaction significantly increased from 2 (0–24) to 86 (52–92). Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand significantly improved from 68 (38–78) to 34 (13–49) and from 48 (27–55) to 36 (4–58), respectively. Median grip and tip pinch strength significantly increased at final review. Range of movement and lateral pinch strength were satisfactory and maintained. Four patients required further surgery for ongoing pain or reinjury. All were successfully managed with partial wrist fusion or wrist denervation.
Conclusion Arthroscopic ligament-sparing dorsal capsular tightening is a safe and effective treatment for partial SLL tears. Dorsal capsular tightening demonstrates good pain relief and patient satisfaction while improving patient-reported outcomes, grip strength, and maintaining ROM. Longer term studies are required to determine the longevity of these results.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transcavernous Transoculomotor Triangle Approach for the Resection of a Knosp 4 Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Heng Lijun , Zhang Shuo , Zhao Lei , Qu Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives The current video presents the nuances of the endoscopic endonasal transcavernous transoculomotor triangle approach for the resection of a Knosp 4 pituitary adenoma protruding through the superior wall of left cavernous sinus.
Design The video analyzes the clinical presentation, preoperative workup, and imaging, surgical steps and technical nuances of the surgery, the clinical outcome, and follow-up imaging.
Setting The patient was treated by a skull base team with bimanual, three- to four-handed endoscopic technique.
Participants The patient was a 54-year-old male with a Knosp 4 prolactinoma presented with headaches and blurred vision in both eyes for 3 weeks. He was managed with endoscopic surgery due to his preference of surgery as a rapid primary therapy to relieve mental stress of an invasive brain tumor after awareness of all therapeutic options, including the preoperative medical treatment.
Main Outcome Measures The main outcome was measured in the following aspects, including the resection extent, the symptoms improvement, the radiological and endocrinological follow-up results, as well as the postoperative course of complications.
Results Nearly gross total resection was achieved with one-stage endoscopic surgery. The patient recovered well with improved headaches. Postop oculomotor deficit was recovered in 2 months. Endocrinological remission was kept for 12 months with one pill of bromocriptine daily.
Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal transcavernous transoculomotor triangle approach is an appropriate option for resecting Knosp 4 pituitary tumors with intracranial extension through the roof of cavernous sinus at one stage.The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/-YJ2PKP9voY.
An analytical, numerical and experimental study of the double pendulum
Authors: D’Alessio Serge 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This investigation takes advantage of the complicated behavior of the double pendulum to highlight some well known techniques that can be used to better understand the dynamics and solutions emerging from this rich problem. Analytical and numerical methods are successfully applied and contrasted to illustrate their usefulness and limitations. This blended analytical-numerical approach to tackling this problem can be an effective resource to physics teachers. The paper should be accessible to upper-year undergraduate physics and mathematics students. Supplemental materials accompanying this work include a MATLAB program to solve the equations of motion and an experimental video; they are included to assist both students and teachers.
Quadripartite EPR steering based on energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing processes
Authors: Zhai Shuqin , Zhang Nana , Liu Kui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multipartite quantum steering has important applications in secure quantum communication networks. In this work, three different energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes are proposed to generate quadripartite quantum steering. The covariance matrix among different modes combination is constructed. The properties of quantum steering of the three cascaded models were studied. The results show that all three model structures can achieve various types of quantum steering, and the steerability varies with the amplitude gain of the FWM processes. The results provide a theoretical basis for the experimental generation of multipartite quantum steering and a significant reference for secure quantum communication.
Electronic and optical properties of InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 superlattices and their application for far-infrared detectors
Authors: Hussain Ghulam , Cuono Giuseppe , Islam Rajibul , Trajnerowicz Artur , Jureńczyk Jarosław , Autieri Carmine , Dietl Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We calculate the electronic and optical properties of InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 superlattices (SLs) within relativistic density functional theory. To have a good description of the electronic and optical properties, the modified Becke–Johnson exchange-correlation functional is employed to describe the band gaps correctly. First, we analyze the electronic and optical characteristics of bulk InAs and InSb, and then we investigate the InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 SL. The optical gaps deduced from the imaginary part of the dielectric function are associated with the characteristic interband transitions. We investigate the electronic and optical properties of the InAs/InAs0.625Sb0.375 SL with three lattice constants of the bulk InAs, GaSb and AlSb, respectively. It is observed that the electronic and optical properties strongly depend on the lattice constant. Our results support the presence of two heavy-hole bands with increasing in-plane effective mass as we go far from the Fermi level. We notice a considerable decrease in the energy gaps and the effective masses of the heavy-holes in the k

x
–k

y
plane compared to the bulk phases of the parent compounds. We demonstrate that the electrons are s-orbitals delocalized in the entire SL, while the holes have mainly p-Sb character localized in the In(As,Sb) side of the SL. In the SL, the low-frequency absorption spectra greatly increase when the electric field is polarized orthogonal to the growth axis allowing the applicability of III–V compounds for the long-wavelength infrared detectors.
Automated calibration system for length measurement of lateral cephalometry based on deep learning
Authors: Jiang Fulin , Guo Yutong , Zhou Yimei , Yang Cai , Xing Ke , Zhou Jiawei , Lin Yucheng , Cheng Fangyuan , Li Juan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. Cephalometric analysis has been significantly facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years. For digital cephalograms, linear measurements are conducted based on the length calibration process, which has not been automatized in current AI-based systems. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an automated calibration system for lateral cephalometry to conduct linear measurements more efficiently. Approach. This system was based on deep learning algorithms and medical priors of a stable structure, the anterior cranial base (Sella–Nasion). First, a two-stage cascade convolutional neural network was constructed based on 2860 cephalograms to locate sella, nasion, and 2 ruler points in regions of interest. Further, Sella–Nasion distance was applied to estimate the distance between ruler points, and then pixels size of cephalograms was attained for linear measurements. The accuracy of automated landmark localization, ruler length prediction, and linear measurement based on automated calibration was evaluated with statistical analysis. Main results. First, for AI-located points, 99.6% of S and 86% of N points deviated less than 2 mm from the ground truth, and 99% of ruler points deviated less than 0.3 mm from the ground truth. Also, this system correctly predicted the ruler length of 98.95% of samples. Based on automated calibration, 11 linear cephalometric measurements of the test set showed no difference from manual calibration (p > 0.05). Significance. This system was the first reported in the literature to conduct automated calibration with high accuracy and showed high potential for clinical application in cephalometric analysis.
Study of nonmonotonic electron mobility due to influence of asymmetric structure parameters in pseudomorphic heterojunction field effect transistors
Authors: Panda Sangita R , Pradhan Manoranjan , Sahu Trinath , Panda Ajit Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nonmonotonic electron mobility is obtained in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs double quantum well pseudomorphic heterostructure field effect transistor by changing the structure parameters. We show that a rapid drop in mobility occurs at the point of resonance of sub-band states due to asymmetric variation of doping concentrations. The sub-band wave function distributions change significantly near the resonance and influence the sub-band mobilities through the scattering potentials, there by causing the dip in μ. The depth of nonlinearity in μ enhances by increasing the central barrier width and the difference between the well widths. On the other hand, variation of μ as a function of asymmetric change of well widths leads to a hump like raise in μ under unequal doping concentrations. Our results of nonlinear mobility can be utilized in low temperature transistor applications.
Partial source separation from unknown correlation mixture for eliminating unknown periodic disturbances from random measured signals
Authors: Ying Zu-Guang , Ni Yi-Qing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Separating and eliminating periodic disturbances from measured signals are a key problem to obtain original responses used for further system identification and evaluation. Actual periodic disturbances are partial unknown sources in measured signals and have certain correlation with random noise sources in time domain. In this paper, a separation problem on partial unknown sources such as periodic sources correlated with random noises is introduced. A partial unknown source separation technique is proposed by combining signal eigenspace transformation, covariance joint diagonalization and decorrelation of correlation sources. The partial source separation procedure has two main stages: obtain uncorrelated sources by eigenspace transformation and joint diagonalization; and obtain partial periodic sources correlated with random noises from the uncorrelated sources by decorrelation. The proposed partial source separation technique is supported by several theorems. Under given assumptions, the separation technique will result in accurate partial sources. The separation technique has main features such as partial unknown sources separated from measured signals, separated periodic sources correlated with random noise sources, and being suitable for dominant random noises and non-dominant periodic disturbance sources in measured signals. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the separation technique.
Massive neutrino self-interactions and inflation
Authors: Roy Choudhury Shouvik , Hannestad Steen , Tram Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCertain inflationary models like Natural inflation (NI) and Coleman-Weinberg inflation (CWI) are disfavoured by cosmological data in the standard ΛCDM+rmodel (whereris the scalar-to-tensor ratio), as these inflationary models predict the regions in thens-rparameter space that are excluded by the cosmological data at more than 2σ(herensis the scalar spectral index). The same is true for single field inflationary models with an inflection point that can account for all or majority of dark matter in the form of PBHs (primordial black holes). Cosmological models incorporating strongly self-interacting neutrinos (with a heavy mediator) are, however, known to prefer lowernsvalues compared to the ΛCDM model. Considering such neutrino self-interactions can, thus, open up the parameter space to accommodate the above inflationary models. In this work, we implement the massive neutrino self-interactions with a heavy mediator in two different ways: flavour-universal (among all three neutrinos), and flavour-specific (involving only one neutrino species). We implement the new interaction in both scalar and tensor perturbation equations of neutrinos. Interestingly, we find that the current cosmological data can support the aforementioned inflationary models at 2σin the presence of such neutrino self-interactions.
Galaxy number-count dipole and superhorizon fluctuations
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Mohayaee Roya , Patil Subodh P. , Sarkar Subir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In view of the growing tension between the dipole anisotropy of number counts of cosmologically distant sources and of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), we investigate the number count dipole induced by primordial perturbations with wavelength comparable to or exceeding the Hubble radius today. First, we find that neither adiabatic nor isocurvature superhorizon modes can generate an intrinsic number count dipole. However a superhorizon isocurvature mode does induce a relative velocity between the CMB and the (dark) matter rest frames and thereby affects the CMB dipole. We revisit the possibility that it has an intrinsic component due to such a mode, thus enabling consistency with the galaxy number count dipole if the latter is actually kinematic in origin. Although this scenario is not particularly natural, there are possible links with other anomalies and it predicts a concommitant galaxy number count quadrupole which may be measurable in future surveys. We also investigate the number count dipole induced by modes smaller than the Hubble radius, finding that subject to CMB constraints this is too small to reconcile the dipole tension.
Broadband all-dielectric absorber based on supercell cylindrical metamaterials
Authors: Zhou Pengwei , Huang Wenkang , Dong Yanyan , Li Chenxia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the cylindrical array microstructure of doped silicon, we propose an all-dielectric terahertz-band broadband absorber. First, we design an absorber with a cylindrical structure in a unit cell. Due to the electromagnetic dipole resonance characteristics, the absorber has an absorption efficiency of over 99.97% at a single frequency of 1.24 THz. In order to obtain wide-bandwidth angular absorption characteristics, we propose a kind of superstructure absorber with a single unit cell containing multiple cylinders with different diameters. The results show that the optimally designed absorber has wide-bandwidth angular absorption characteristics under different polarization states and different incident angles of terahertz waves. In order to further improve the absorption bandwidth, we propose a superimposed superstructure absorber. After optimized design, the absorption efficiency reaches more than 90% in the broadband frequency range of 1.42 THz–4.5 THz. At the same time, different structural parameters have different effects on the peak absorption efficiency.
Neural correlates of learning in a linear discriminant analysis brain-computer interface paradigm
Authors: Lo Yu Tung , Premchand Brian , Libedinsky Camilo , so Rosa Qi Yue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. With practice, the control of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) would improve over time; the neural correlate for such learning had not been well studied. We demonstrated here that monkeys controlling a motor BCI using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) decoder could learn to make the firing patterns of the recorded neurons more distinct over a short period of time for different output classes to improve task performance. Approach. Using an LDA decoder, we studied two Macaque monkeys implanted with microelectrode arrays as they controlled the movement of a mobile robotic platform. The LDA decoder mapped high-dimensional neuronal firing patterns linearly onto a lower-dimensional linear discriminant (LD) space, and we studied the changes in the spatial coordinates of these neural signals in the LD space over time, and their correspondence to trial performance. Direction selectivity was quantified with permutation feature importance (FI). Main results. We observed that, within individual sessions, there was a tendency for the points in the LD space encoding different directions to diverge, leading to fewer misclassification errors, and, hence, improvement in task accuracy. Accuracy was correlated with the presence of channels with strong directional preference (i.e. high FI), as well as a varied population code (i.e. high variance in FI distribution). Significance. We emphasized the importance of studying the short-term/intra-sessional variations in neural representations during the use of BCI. Over the course of individual sessions, both monkeys could modulate their neural activities to create increasingly distinct neural representations.
Deep transfer learning compared to subject-specific models for sEMG decoders
Authors: Lehmler Stephan Johann , Saif-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Tobias Glasmachers , Iossifidis Ioannis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. Accurate decoding of surface electromyography (sEMG) is pivotal for muscle-to-machine-interfaces and their application e.g. rehabilitation therapy. sEMG signals have high inter-subject variability, due to various factors, including skin thickness, body fat percentage, and electrode placement. Deep learning algorithms require long training time and tend to overfit if only few samples are available. In this study, we aim to investigate methods to calibrate deep learning models to a new user when only a limited amount of training data is available. Approach. Two methods are commonly used in the literature, subject-specific modeling and transfer learning. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of transfer learning using weight initialization for recalibration of two different pretrained deep learning models on new subjects data and compare their performance to subject-specific models. We evaluate two models on three publicly available databases (non invasive adaptive prosthetics database 2–4) and compare the performance of both calibration schemes in terms of accuracy, required training data, and calibration time. Main results. On average over all settings, our transfer learning approach improves 5%-points on the pretrained models without fine-tuning, and 12%-points on the subject-specific models, while being trained for 22% fewer epochs on average. Our results indicate that transfer learning enables faster learning on fewer training samples than user-specific models. Significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparison of subject-specific modeling and transfer learning. These approaches are ubiquitously used in the field of sEMG decoding. But the lack of comparative studies until now made it difficult for scientists to assess appropriate calibration schemes. Our results guide engineers evaluating similar use cases.
CEPC cost model study and circumference optimization
Authors: Wang D. , Gao J. , Ruan M.Q. , Li Y.H. , Xu H.C. , Liu Y.D. , Li M. , Zhang Y. , Wang Y.W. , Zhai J.Y. , Zhou Z.S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The CEPC is a proposed high luminosity Higgs/Z factory, with
the potential to be upgraded to top factory at center-of-mass energy
of 360 GeV. We perform an optimization study on the circumference
of CEPC. We calculate the instant luminosity, the construction and
operation cost for different circumferences. With respect to the
total cost and average cost per particle, we conclude that the
optimal circumference for the CEPC Higgs operation is 80 km. Taking
into account of the Z pole operation, the potential high-energy
upgrade of CEPC (top factory), the optimal circumference increased
to 100 km. The long future proton-proton upgrade of CEPC (SPPC)
also favors a larger circumference, and we conclude that 100 km is
the global optimized circumference for this facility.
Role of the caudal peduncle in a fish-inspired robotic model: how changing stiffness and angle of attack affects swimming performance
Authors: Matthews David G , Zhu Ruijie , Wang Junshi , Dong Haibo , Bart-Smith Hilary , Lauder George 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In fish, the tail is a key element of propulsive anatomy that contributes to thrust during swimming. Fish possess the ability to alter tail stiffness, surface area and conformation. Specifically, the region at the base of the tail, the caudal peduncle, is proposed to be a key location of fish stiffness modulation during locomotion. Most previous analyses have focused on the overall body or tail stiffness, and not on the effects of changing stiffness specifically at the base of the tail in fish and robotic models. We used both computational fluid dynamics analysis and experimental measurements of propulsive forces in physical models with different peduncle stiffnesses to analyze the effect of altering stiffness on the tail angle of attack and propulsive force and efficiency. By changing the motion program input to the tail, we were able to alter the phase relationship between the front and back tail sections between 0° and 330°. Computational simulations showed that power consumption was nearly minimized and thrust production was nearly maximized at the kinematic pattern where φ = 270°, the approximate phase lag observed in the experimental foils and in free swimming tuna. We observed reduced thrust and efficiency at high angles of attack, suggesting that the tail driven during these motion programs experiences stalling and loss of lift. However, there is no single peduncle stiffness that consistently maximizes performance, particularly in physical models. This result highlights the fact that the optimal caudal peduncle stiffness is highly context dependent. Therefore, incorporating the ability to control peduncle stiffness in future robotic models of fish propulsion promises to increase the ability of robots to approach the performance of fish.