bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative complications and risk factors among women who underwent caesarean delivery from Northern Tanzania: a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Mangi Glory , Mlay Pendo , Oneko Olola , Maokola Werner , swai Patricia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Caesarean section is one of the most performed surgeries across the whole globe. However, just like any major surgery, CS is associated with complications like haemorrhage, surgical site infection, Venous thromboembolism and anaesthesia related complications. These associated morbidity and mortality have been there despite improvements in blood transfusion services, the use of prophylactic antibiotics, anaesthesia and surgical techniques. This study aims to determine the rate of caesarean section complications, characterize their timing and identify risk factors to maternal complications among women delivered at KCMC hospital.Method: A cross-sectional analytical study of 386 women who delivered by CS at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center(KCMC) hospital from October 2018 to May 2019 was done. Data were obtained from the delivery register, patients, clinical and anaesthesia notes using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Social-demographic characteristic, past medical, obstetric, surgical and family social history were sought from every study participant. Prevalence of complication was computed as a proportion of women with one or more complications out of all the women delivered during the study period. STATA version 13 was used for multivariable analysis to determine independent risk factors for the most prevalent complications. Odds ratio and 95% CI has been used to make an association. Whereby P-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 386 deliveries,106(27.5%) had one or more complications. The most common immediate complications were anaesthesia related, blood transfusion , postpartum hemorrhage(PPH), hysterectomy and ICU admission. While most common early complications (24 -72 hours of the operation) were puerperal sepsis, anaesthesia related complications, blood transfusion and ICU admission. Longer duration of surgery was significantly associated with all the complications (aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.02-8.50), Grand multiparity was significantly associated with blood transfusion (aOR 7.0, 95% CI 1.40-34.35) and PPH (aOR 6.4, 95%CI 1.5-24.24) while pre-operative anaemia was significantly associated with blood transfusion (aOR 4.34,95% CI 1.90-9.45).Conclusion: Longer duration of surgery, grand multiparity and pre-operative anaemia are associated with complications. Hence, the medical team should be alert of the possible morbidity and mortality that can occur and get prepared beforehand.
High PEEP levels during CPR improve ventilation without deleterious hemodynamic effects in pigs
Authors: Renz Miriam , Müllejans Leah , Riedel Julian , Mohnke Katja , Rissel René , Ziebart Alexander , Hartmann Erik Kristoffer , Ruemmler Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Invasive ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is very complex due to unique thoracic pressure conditions. Current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for ventilation during ongoing chest compressions. This trial examines the cardiopulmonary effects of PEEP application during CPR. Three PEEP levels were compared in high (IPPV) and ultralow tidal volume ventilation (ULTVV).Materials and methods: Forty-two German landrace pigs were anesthetized, instrumented, and randomized into six intervention groups: PEEP 0, 8, and 16 mbar with IPPV or ULTVV. After the induction of ventricular fibrillation, mechanical chest compressions and ventilation were initiated. Blood gases, micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry facilitated multiple inert gas elimination technique (MMIMS-MIGET) samples and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) loops were taken. Ventilation pressures and hemodynamic parameters were measured continuously. Postmortem lung tissue damage was assessed using the diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, and p values ​​<0.05 were considered significant.Results: The driving pressure (Pdrive) showed significantly lower values when using PEEP 16 mbar than when using PEEP 8 mbar (p=0.045) or PEEP 0 mbar (p<0.001) when adjusted for the ventilation mode. When not using PEEP, considerable overall lung damage was detected in the PEEP 0 mbar group (vs. PEEP 8 mbar, p=0.038; vs. PEEP 16 mbar, p=0.009) when adjusted for the ventilation mode. No significant differences between the groups occurred in the mean arterial pressure, even when using high PEEP levels.Conclusion: The use of PEEP during CPR seems beneficial because it optimizes ventilation pressures as well as reduces lung damage without significantly compromising blood pressure. Further studies are needed to examine long-term effects in resuscitated animals.
Comparison of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Identifying Cardiovascular Risk in Chinese Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dai Lie , Zou Yao-Wei , Li Qian-Hua , Gao Jing-Wei , Pan Jie , Ma Jian-Da , Chen Le-Feng , Lin Jian-Zi , Mo Ying-Qian , Zhang Xue-Pei , Liu Pin-Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is considered to identify more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in general population, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carry an excess risk for CVD. We aimed to compare MAFLD with NAFLD in identifying CVD risk in RA patients.Methods: Clinical data from a Chinese RA cohort were retrospectively analyzed. Hepatic steatosis was defined by abdominal ultrasound examination. CVD risk in RA patients was estimated by the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China.Results: Among 513 included RA patients, 78.4% were female and the mean ± SD age was 51.8 ± 12.6 years. The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD was 21.4% and 20.5%, respectively. 10.9% RA patients concomitated with CVD events and 32.4% had a high 10-year CVD risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both MAFLD and NAFLD were associated with an increase in CVD events (MAFLD: AOR = 2.303; NAFLD: AOR = 2.478) and high 10-year CVD risk (MAFLD: AOR = 3.184; NAFLD: AOR = 2.870, all p < 0.05). The net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement indicated no additional CVD events and high 10-years CVD risk were identified when replacing NAFLD with MAFLD in RA patients. Conclusions: Both MAFLD and NAFLD are associated with an increased CVD risk which implies the importance of early detection and management of MAFLD or NAFLD in RA patients. However, new nomenclature of MAFLD identify no additional CVD risk in RA patients.
Overexpression of RNF180 Inhibits Progression and Metastasis by Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation and Immune Infiltration in Renal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Encheng , Tang Heting , Guan Yaping , Fei Cheng , Yuan Zhihao , Guo Tuanjie , Qin Yan , Shen Bing , Liu Haixia , Wang Yuqi , Tan Mingyue , Fan Yu , Wang Xiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Molecular biomarkers combined with histopathological examination are of critical importance in the diagnosis and treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The occurrence and development of ccRCC is closely related to abnormal E3 ubiquitin enzyme. Although recent studies have revealed that Ring Finger Protein 180 (RNF180)，known as an E3 ubiquitination enzyme, could regulate the cell proliferation, and differentiation in different cancers, the precise role of RNF180 in renal cancer remains to be elucidated. Methods: Western-blot, qPCR and CCK-8 assay were performed to initially explore and further validate the function of RNF180. The effect of RNF180 on cell migration and invasion was verified by Transwell assay and EdU assay. The morphology of the tissue slides was evaluated by HE staining and immunohistochemical assay. Cell line-derived xenograft models in mice further validated the effect of RNF180 in vivo. Bioinformatics tools based on public databases were used to assess patient survival and immune infiltration.Results: RNF180 is significantly down-regulated in multiple cancer-related databases and ccRCC cell lines. By using immunohistochemical analysis, we found that the expression level of RNF180 was also downregulated in ccRCC and the lower expression level of the RNF180 was associated with poorer clinical outcomes in renal cancer patients. Overexpression of RNF180 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCCs in vitro. In vivo, RNF180 could also modulate renal cancer progression in murine subcutaneous xenografts and liver metastasis. Strikingly, we further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that overexpression of RNF180 inhibited the progression of ccRCC by reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and may related to immune infiltration.Conclusion: These results indicated that RNF180 can be used as a new diagnostic marker and prognostic factor, and can be served as a therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Suppression of the RAS/ERK pathway by Tmsb10 is the key step for promoting fetal Leydig cell differentiation from progenitors
Authors: Inoue Miki , Baba Takashi , Takahashi Fumiya , Terao Miho , Yanai Shogo , Shima Yuichi , Saito Daisuke , Sugihara Kei , Miura Takashi , Takada Shuji , Suyama Mikita , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Morohashi Ken-ichirou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Leydig cells in fetal testes play crucial roles in masculinizing fetuses through androgen production. Gene knockout studies have revealed that growth factors are implicated in fetal Leydig cell (FLC) differentiation, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating this process. We investigated this issue by characterizing FLC progenitor cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. The sequence datasets suggested that thymosin β10 (Tmsb10) was transiently upregulated in the progenitors. While studying the function of Tmsb10, we revealed that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) regulated ciliogenesis through the RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, and thereby promoted desert hedgehog (DHH)-dependent FLC differentiation. Tmsb10 expressed in the progenitor cells induced their differentiation into FLCs by suppressing the RAS/ERK pathway. Through characterizing the transiently expressed Tmsb10 in the FLC progenitors, this study unveiled the molecular process of FLC differentiation and showed that it is cooperatively induced by DHH and PDGF.
Peritoneal inclusion cyst: a rare occurrence in incisional hernia
Authors: Konkay Kaumudi , Mandava Vijayasree , swargam Priya Madhooli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal inclusion cysts are cysts of mesenteric origin and usually have an indolent course. They can occasionally become symptomatic depending on their size and location. We present a rare case of Peritoneal inclusion cyst presenting as Incisional hernia. This is the first reported case of Peritoneal inclusion cyst presenting as incisional hernia to the best of our knowledge.
Recent Progress in Glycochemistry and Green Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xie Wenhua , Wang Jianqiang , Chen Xi , Fang Jianwen , Chen Yongsheng , Li Jun , Yu Libing , Chen Depu , Wang Peng George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
This two-part article will focus on the most recent research efforts from the Wang's group in areas of glycochemistry and green chemistry. In the first part, we wish to address the progress in synthesis, conformational analysis, and transformations of some biologically active a­ galactosyl oligosaccharides. Carbohydrate structures containing Gala1-3Galterminus (a-Gal epitopes) are xenoactive antigens and are considered to be the major cause for hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. The latest chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a-galactosyl epitopes using a recombinant a1,3-galactosyltransferase is described. Along with an efficient chemical synthesis of an a-Gal trisaccharide, these synthetic approaches provide an easy access to this important class of oligosaccharides. Conformational analysis of an a-Gal epitope using various NMR techniques and molecular modeling is discussed. These studies provide important information in structure-function relationship and binding conformation of a-Gal epitopes and their interaction with anti-Gal antibody. In another aspect, novel glycoconjugates containing receptor-specific ligands and a-Gal epitopes have been synthesized as potential immunotherapeutic agents.
Microbial Transformations of Cytotoxic Natural Products
Authors: Atta-ur-Rahman  , Farooq Afgan , Anjum Shazia , Chaudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The review describes the microbial transformations of different classes of cytotoxic natural products, i.e. terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, quinones and other aromatics. The microbial transformations of cytotoxic sesquiterpenes (nootkatone, aromodandrene, alloaromadendrene, 7a­ hydroxyfrullanolide and parthenin), diterpenoids (aphidicolin, 2a, 5a, 10 ,
14 -tetraacetoxy-4(20)-10-taxadiene, ent-15-oxobaur-16-en-19-oate, ste­
modin, sesquiterpene (sclareolide, a-santonin), triterpenoids (iridal, curcurbitacin E, 2-0-,8-D­ glucopyranoside, sadie grindelate), steroids (withaferin-A, 2,3 dihydro-3-methoxywithaferin-A), alkaloids (dihydrovindoline, vinblastine, leurosine, acronycin, tetrandirine, thelicarpine), aromatics (lapachol, chromanone, hydroxyflavones) and antibiotics (bleomycin, daunomycin, olivomycin and viridicatumtoxin) are described.
Application of Enzyme- and Microorganism-catalyzed Reactions to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sugai Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Three topics of recent achievements in the application of enzyme- and microorganism-catalyzed reactions to organic synthesis are focused. 1) Asymmetric synthesis and enantiomeric resolution, such as yeast-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of a carbonyl group and hydrolytic enzyme - catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of esters and transesterifica­
tion are described. Special emphasis is laid on the enzyme-catalyzed preparation of ex-hydroxy acids in enantiomerically enriched forms. Examples of enzyme-catalyzed asymmetric C-C bond formation are shortly commented. 2) The advantage of enzymatic hydrolysis of nitriles, amides, and esters are introduced, as the examples of the transformation of functional groups under mild condition. 3) The complementary use of chemical and enzymatic reaction in the total scheme is shown, in our synthesis of pyrenophorin and N-glycolylneuraminic acid.
Selective Enrichment and High-throughput Screening of Phage Surface-displayed eDNA Libraries from Complex Allergenic Systems
Authors: Crameri Reto , Walter Gerald 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Phage surface display technology, first described in 1985, enables the construction of large combinatorial peptide and antibody libraries. The basic concept of linking the phenotype, expressed as gene product displayed on the phage surface, to its genetic information integrated into the phage genome, allows the survey of large libraries for the presence of specific clones using the discriminative power of affinity purification. The selection procedure involves the enrichment of phage by binding to an immobilized target molecule. As a consequence of the physical linkage between genotype and phenotype, sequencing the DNA of the inteyrated section of the phage genome can readily elucidate the amino acid sequence of a displayed gene product. Phage surface display technology has revolutionized our ability to select agonist and antagonist peptides, antibodies with desired specificities, and DNA-binding molecules. We have extended phage surface display to access eDNA libraries with this powerful screening technology based on affinity selection of desired clones. Here we discuss construction of eDNA libraries displayed on the phage surface, selective enrichment of clones and robotics-based high-throughput screening of enriched libraries.
Epitope Discovery Using Monoclonal Antibodies and Phage Peptide Libraries
Authors: Yip Yum L. , Ward Robyn L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Phage display is a biological system which facilitates the cloning and rapid selection of peptides from large combinatorial libraries. In compa­ rison to the chemical combinatorial approach, the advantages of phage
display lie in its simplicity and replicability. While phage display has many diverse applications, this revie,w will focus on the use of phage peptide libraries to discover epitopes recognised by monoclonal antibodies. As monoclonal antibodies are useful tools for the detection of proteins and for the investigation of molecular interactions, the identification of their epitopes will serve to elucidate the structure and function of proteins, as well as aid in the discovery of new drugs and the development of vaccines.
Identification of Synthetic By-products in Combinatorial Libraries Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Eiectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Aubaqnac J-L. , Amblard M. , Enjalbal C. , Subra G. , Martinez J. , Durand P. , Renaut P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyze randomly chosen samples from parallel syntheses carried out on derivatized polypropylene crowns compatible with a Multipin™ solid support system. Side­ reactions and by-products were clearly identified, and the yields of the expected molecules were unexpectedly low for most samples. LC-MS was superior to HPLC with absorbance detection or electrospray mass spectrometry alone for determining the identity and purity of each desired combinatorial compounds.
Recent Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Small Molecule Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors
Authors: Lv Pengcheng , Cai Yinyi , Luo Jiayi , Chen Kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a tumor-associated protein since it is scarcely pre-sent in normal tissues but highly overexpressed in a large number of solid tumors, where it actively contributes to survival and metastatic spread of tumor cells. A variety of approaches and design strategies were reported that afford CA IX/XII specific inhibitors and avoid the compromising ef-fects of isoforms-promiscuous compounds. CA IX inhibitors hybrids/conjugates have become an important scaffold to design therapeutic agents with both CA inhibition and anti-cancer effects. In this review, we firstly present an overview of the role of CA IX in hypoxic tumors physiopathology, then provide a comprehensive update on the rational design and synthesis of small molecule CA IX inhibitors discovered since 2019. Also, their structure-activity relationship analysis studies are cov-ered. A brief description of applications for CA IX inhibition in other therapeutic areas is also pro-vided.
Aza-BODIPY-based Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensors and Probes
Authors: Soylukan Caner , Pamuk Algi Melek , Algi Fatih , Sonkaya Ömer 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Aza-boron-dipyrromethenes (Aza-BODIPYs) represent an important class of chromo-phores absorbing and emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) region. They have unique optical and elec-tronic features and higher physiological and photo stability than other NIR dyes. Especially after the development of facile synthetic routes, Aza-BODIPYs have become indispensable fluors that can find various applications ranging from chemosensors, bioimaging, phototherapy, solar energy materials, photocatalysis, photon upconversion, lasers, and optoelectronics. Herein, we review Aza-BODIPY based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. We show the potential and untapped toolbox of Aza-BODIPY based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. Hence, we divide the fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors and probes into five sections according to the target ana-lytes. The first section begins with the chemosensors developed for pH. Next, we discuss Aza-BODIPY based ion sensors, including metal ions and anions. Finally, we present the chemosensors and probes concerning reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) along with biologically relevant species in the last two sections. We believe that Aza-BODIPYs are still in their infancy, and they have a promising future for translation from the bench to real biomedical and materials science applications. After two decades of intensive research, it seems that there are many more to come in this already fertile field. Overall, we hope that future work will further expand the applica-tions of Aza-BODIPY in many areas.
The Pivotal Role of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Stress-Induced
Cardiomyopathy Presenting with Atypical Pattern in Critically Ill
Children. An Illustrative Case Report
Authors: Rodriguez-Gonzalez Moises , Ramos-Rodriguez Alicia , Fernandez-Bravo Carmen , Estepa-Pedregosa Lorena 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) has some distinctive features like greater
proportion of reverse-TCM and central nervous system disease as a prevalent triggering cause. We
expose the case of a child with cardiogenic shock presenting an atypical echocardiographic TCM pattern
on an echocardiography, after an acute neurologic trigger. We also include a systematic literature
review of previously described cases of atypical-TCM in children.

Case Report:
A previously healthy 9 year-old boy with status epilepticus presented abrupt cardiogenic
shock. The EKG showed signs of myocardial ischemia, cardiac biomarkers NT-proBNP (2756 pg/mL )
and Troponin I (1707 pg/mL ) , and the echocardiography exposed a dilated LV with severely reduced
systolic function (LVEF 28%) along with hypokinetic mid-basal segments (circumferential ballooning),
and preserved hypercontractile apical segments, with the normal origin of both coronary arterial
systems. A presumptive diagnosis of “reverse”, “inverse” or atypical Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was
built based on the echocardiographic findings, apart from the ACS-like EKG findings, the raised cardiac
biomarkers, and the neurological trigger of the hyper catecholaminergic state. Despite cardiovascular
improvement with supportive treatment, the patient eventually expired on day 2 after PICU admission
due to neurological complications. As shown in our systematic review, only 19 similar cases
have been reported to date.

Conclusion:
With the report of this unusual case, we aim to point out the fundamental role of bedside
echocardiography as a diagnostic test for critically ill children presenting with ACS-like in the context
of neurosurgical emergencies, where bedside echocardiography itself can accurately establish a presumptive
diagnosis of TCM.