bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic representation in 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate preterm birth prevention studies: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Megan M. , Weber Jeremy M. , Truong Tracy , Swamy Geeta K. , Wheeler Sarahn M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The US preterm birth rate varies dramatically by race and ethnicity yet the racial and ethnic representation within studies evaluating 17-hydroxprogesterone caproate (17-P) for preterm birth prevention is unknown. The objectives of our study were to 1) examine the racial and ethnic representation of participants in 17-P preterm birth prevention studies, 2) evaluate adherence to the NIH race and ethnicity reporting guidelines and 3) compare racial and ethnic representation in research studies to national preterm birth incidence.

Methods
We systematically reviewed US studies published between January 2000 and December 2019. Study participant’s race and ethnicity were reported using descriptive statistics then compared to US 2017//2018 preterm birth data using Pearson’s chi-square.

Results
Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 studies reported race, 11 studies reported ethnicity, and yet none of the studies followed the NIH criteria. Compared to 2017/2018 US preterm births, the proportion of black/African American study participants was significantly higher whereas the proportions of all other race categories were lower.

Conclusions
More detailed reporting of race and ethnicity is needed in 17-P literature. Black women appear to be well represented while other racial and ethnic groups may be understudied.
Eco-critical language awareness for English language teaching (ELT): Promoting justice, wellbeing, and sustainability in the classroom
Authors: Micalay-Hurtado Marco A. , Poole Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCritical Language Awareness (CLA) seeks to promote social justice by explicitly calling attention to power issues in the context of literacy development and language instruction. In this article, we assert that a CLA approach to English language teaching (ELT) which does not recognize and account for the urgency of climate change and its myriad effects on present and future generations of learners is flawed. It is time ELT extends a critical lens to the role that our practices and pedagogies serve in the (re)production of attitudes, ideologies, identities, and actions which contribute to ecological degradation and climate crisis while also engaging how we may advance ecological wellbeing and sustainability. This article outlines the rationale for this ecolinguistics-informed CLA (eco-CLA) approach to English language instruction by asserting the compatibility of ecolinguistics and CLA and the intersection of social, linguistic, and environmental justice. It then presents and discusses five principles for an eco-CLA approach to ELT that can be applied to a range of language learning contexts.Finally, it demonstrates how these principles can be operationalized within ELT by presenting a series of instructional activities.
Two-dimensional quantitative near-field phase imaging using square and hexagonal interference devices
Authors: Dvořák Petr , Klok Pavel , Kvapil Michal , Hrtoň Martin , Bouchal Petr , Krpenský Jan , Křápek Vlastimil , Šikola Tomáš 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of the near field with non-trivial phase distribution using surface plasmon interference devices, and experimental quantitative imaging of that phase with near-field phase microscopy. The phase distribution formed with a single device can be controlled by the polarization of the external illumination and the area of the device assigned to the object wave. A comparison of the experimental data to a numerical electromagnetic model and an analytical model assigns the origin of the near-field phase to the out-of-plane electric component of surface plasmon polaritons, and also verifies the predictive power of the models. We demonstrate a formation of near-field plane waves with different propagation directions on a single device, or even simultaneously at distinct areas of a single device. Our findings open the way to the imaging and tomography of phase objects in the near field.
New possibilities for macroscopic imaging in test laboratories – Modern light field objective lenses serving as the basis for large-scale 3D topography reconstruction and quantification
Authors: Kasper M. , Müller M. , Illgner-Fehns K. , Stanishev K. , Britz D. , Mücklich F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Representative macroscopic images of a sample are an integral part of many material testing methods. Usually, a digital camera attached to a macro stand is used. Recurring problems include reflections from the surface of the sample or the fact that regular 2D representations of fracture surfaces, for example, do not always permit a correct interpretation at a later point. In this study, a novel objective lens from K|Lens GmbH, capable of recording the depth information of the surface with a digital camera in a single shot and enabling three-dimensional reconstruction will be used to evaluate potential applications. Furthermore, application limits in macroscopic imaging and the analysis of typical metallographic samples, with the focus being on three-dimensional imaging and quantification, will be studied.
Failure analysis of stainless and heat resisting steels, documented on selected examples
Authors: Weilnhammer G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Failures of stainless and heat-resistant austenitic CrNi steels frequently occur in practice due to incorrect material selection, improper processing or unforeseeable factors under operating conditions.
Selected examples will be used to illustrate various of these factors influencing the development of failure.
Automated color etching of aluminum alloys
Authors: Ambrož O. , Čermák J. , Jozefovič P. , Mikmeková Š. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Color metallography of aluminum alloys can provide new structural knowledge or extend and refine structural knowledge compared to a black and white image. The basic principle of color metallography is to create a suitable film by etching. On samples coated with a suitable film, light interference is caused by the splitting of the incident light into components reflected at the air-layer interface and the layer-metal interface. The thickness of the film essentially determines at which colors the interference occurs. For films of suitable thickness, interference occurs in the blue, green and yellow regions. The film thickness depends on the chemical composition of the sample material, the chemical composition of the etchant and the etching time. If the etching conditions are kept constant (etchant type, etching time) and the chemical composition of the individual micro-areas changes significantly, it will be possible to distinguish the microareas by color contrast in the bright field. The results of color etching of aluminum alloys in different types of etchants will be presented. Using an automated apparatus, the same etching conditions will be maintained, including time and repeatability of movements in the etching, cleaning and drying process.
A new result on Branciari metric space using (α, γ)-contractive mappings
Authors: Patil Jayashree , Hardan Basel , Hamoud Ahmed A. , Bachhav Amol , Emadifar Homan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, a new common fixed point result by generalized contractive functions fulfilling the type of admissibility condition in a Hausdorff Branciari metric space with the support of C-functions, was obtained.
Fixed point results for generalized multivalued orthogonal α-F-contraction of integral type mappings in orthogonal metric spaces
Authors: Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope , Leyew Bahru Tsegaye , Abbas Mujahid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the present article, we introduce a new type of generalized multivalued orthogonal α-Fcontraction of integral type mappings in the context of orthogonal metric spaces and establish some fixed point results. We construct an example to show the existence of the new type of mappings introduce in this work. Our results substantially unify, generalize and complement the comparable results in the existing literature. As an application of our results, we derive periodic point results for the generalized single valued orthogonal α-F-contraction of integral type mappings in orthogonal metric spaces.
Ultra-low noise current meter for measuring quickly changing currents from attoampere to nanoampere
Authors: Wendt Cornelius , Bohnhorst Alexander , Zimmermann Stefan , Kirk Ansgar T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Low-noise current meters are usually designed using high value feedback resistors. However, a high resistance reduces the maximum measurable current at a given output voltage and the maximum bandwidth at a given parasitic capacitance. Capacitive transimpedance amplifiers integrating the current to be measured correspond to a nearly infinite resistance. Here, we present a novel active reset architecture for discharging the integration capacitor that eliminates the leakage currents and charge injection of the necessary switches. This enables a capacitive current meter achieving the noise current of an ideal resistive transimpedance amplifier with an ideal resistance of 650 GΩ, while the dynamic range, bandwidth and zero-point stability are orders of magnitude greater due to the capacitive operating principle. At a 3-dB bandwidth of 50 Hz, the noise current standard deviation is

σ

i

=
2.6

fA

{\sigma _{i}}=2.6\hspace{0.1667em}\text{fA}

with a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude from femto- to nanoamperes. Digitally adjusting the 3-dB bandwidth to 0.45 mHz for measuring direct currents reduces the noise by three orders of magnitude down to

σ

i

=
8.7

aA

{\sigma _{i}}=8.7\hspace{0.1667em}\text{aA}

, resulting in a dynamic range of nine orders of magnitude. This is possible due to an excellent zero-point stability within ± 25 aA without temperature or humidity compensation.
Formulation of axion-electrodynamics with Dirac fields
Authors: Bruce Stanley A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose a straightforward generalization of axion-electrodynamics (AED) for the case in which a lepton Dirac field is present in the U

1

EM

${\left(1\right)}_{\text{EM}}$

gauge-invariant Lagrangian of the closed system. In the associated differential equations of motion we find that variations in the axion field give rise to modifications in the electric current and in the divergence of the axial current. In light of this, we interpret some possible Dark Matter (DM) phenomena. In particular, we discuss on general grounds (i) AED and DM, and (ii) DM axions interacting with leptons in a nonlinear electrodynamics background. We briefly comment on the conceivable application of this model beyond the subject of DM axions realized in condensed-matter physics.
Analysis of the Activation of Upper-Extremity Muscles During Various Chest Press Modalities
Authors: Christian Jamison R. , Gothart Sydney E. , Graham Harrison K. , Barganier Katelyn D. , Whitehead Paul N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Christian, JR, Gothart, SE, Graham, HK, Barganier, KD, and Whitehead, PN. Analysis of the activation of upper-extremity muscles during various chest press modalities. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 265–269, 2023—The most effective way to increase muscular strength is through the implementation of resistance training programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of muscle activation of the anterior deltoid (AD), medial deltoid (MD), and pectoralis major (PM) during various bench press scenarios. Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female subjects; age, 24.0 ± 3.0 years) with a minimum of 1 year of resistance training were recruited to participate. Six surface electromyographical sensors were placed bilaterally on the targeted muscles. Subjects performed a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) of dumbbell (DB) and barbell (BB) flat bench press across 2 sessions followed by 6 repetitions at an incline, flat, and decline position at a submaximal 70% 1RM BB and DB. Mean peak values for muscle activation were analyzed for each variation. A repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare muscle activation patterns across conditions. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Activation of AD was significantly higher during incline BB compared with decline BB and decline DB (p ≤ 0.019). Activation of MD was significantly lower than that of AD across all modalities (p ≤ 0.040). Activation of PM was significantly lower during incline DB compared with decline DB (p = 0.011). Differences among AD and PM may have been the result of the stability stipulation variations between DB or BB and the large biacromial breadth requirement. Lack of differentiation of muscle fibers within the PM during sensor placement could have led to lesser muscle activation recordings during decline. As significance was evident for PM when comparing genders (p ≤ 0.021), and no significance was found among AD or MD, it can be inferred that the larger amounts of adipose tissue in the female subjects caused irregularities in the PM data.
Decreased Percent Body Fat but Not Body Mass is Associated with Better Performance on Combat Fitness Test in Male and Female Marines
Authors: Pletcher Erin R. , Lovalekar Mita , Coleman Lawrence C. , Beals Kim , Nindl Bradley C. , Allison Katelyn F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pletcher, ER, Lovalekar, M, Coleman, LC, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, and Allison, KF. Decreased percent body fat but not body mass is associated with better performance on the Marine Corps Combat Fitness Test. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 887–893, 2023—The military uses a variety of physical fitness tests to assess physical readiness. The Marine Corps designed the Combat Fitness Test (CFT) to emphasize functional fitness related to operational demands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass (BM), fat free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (BF%) measured via air displacement plethysmography with CFT performance in male and female marines. Two-hundred 10 male (22.4 ± 2.6 years) and 84 female (22.6 ± 2.8 years) marines were grouped into quintiles according to BM (in kilograms), FFM (in kilograms), and BF%. Kruskal-Wallis test or 1-way analysis of variance were used to determine if significant differences in CFT total and component scores existed between the groups of subjects classified into quintiles of BM, FFM, and BF%. No significant differences in CFT scores were observed between BM quintile in either men or women. No significant differences in CFT scores were observed between FFM quintiles in men. Total CFT score (p = 0.002), movement to contact (MTC; p = 0.014), maneuver under fire (MANUF; p = 0.008), and ammunition lift (AL; p = 0.014) were all significantly different among FFM quintiles in women. Total CFT score (p = 0.007), MTC (p = 0.001), and MANUF (p = 0.022) were significantly different among BF% quintiles in men. Total CFT score (p = 0.008), MTC (p = 0.033), and AL (p = 0.016) were significantly different among BF% quintiles in women. Male and female marines in the quintile with lowest BF% had better CFT scores than those in higher quintiles. Targeted physical training and nutrition considerations to optimize BF% may help improve military task performance.
Modeling the Power-Duration Relationship in Professional Cyclists During the Giro d’Italia
Authors: Vinetti Giovanni , Pollastri Luca , Lanfranconi Francesca , Bruseghini Paolo , Taboni Anna , Ferretti Guido 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vinetti, G, Pollastri, L, Lanfranconi, F, Bruseghini, P, Taboni, A, and Ferretti, G. Modeling the power-duration relationship in professional cyclists during the Giro d’Italia. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 866–871, 2023—Multistage road bicycle races allow the assessment of maximal mean power output (MMP) over a wide spectrum of durations. By modeling the resulting power-duration relationship, the critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (W′) can be calculated and, in the 3-parameter (3-p) model, also the maximal instantaneous power (P
0). Our aim is to test the 3-p model for the first time in this context and to compare it with the 2-parameter (2-p) model. A team of 9 male professional cyclists participated in the 2014 Giro d’Italia with a crank-based power meter. The maximal mean power output between 10 seconds and 10 minutes were fitted with 3-p, whereas those between 1 and 10 minutes with the 2- model. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. 3-p yielded CP 357 ± 29 W, W′ 13.3 ± 4.2 kJ, and P
0 1,330 ± 251 W with a SEE of 10 ± 5 W, 3.0 ± 1.7 kJ, and 507 ± 528 W, respectively. 2-p yielded a CP and W′ slightly higher (+4 ± 2 W) and lower (−2.3 ± 1.1 kJ), respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Model predictions were within ±10 W of the 20-minute MMP of time-trial stages. In conclusion, during a single multistage racing event, the 3-p model accurately described the power-duration relationship over a wider MMP range without physiologically relevant differences in CP with respect to 2-p, potentially offering a noninvasive tool to evaluate competitive cyclists at the peak of training.
A Large-Scale High-Pressure Erosion Apparatus for Studying Internal Erosion in Gravelly Soils under Horizontal Seepage Flow
Authors: Wang Gang , Deng Zezhi , Yang Jing , Chen Xiangshan , Jin Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInternal erosion is a common cause of dam failures, occurring in internally unstable soil strata when the hydraulic boundary reaches some triggering conditions. A large number of high embankment dams are constructed on deep gravelly alluviums, and thus, there is a need to evaluate the internal stability of gravelly alluviums and assess the likelihood of internal erosion for the foundations of high embankment dams. A large-scale seepage apparatus was developed for studying the horizontal internal erosion behavior of compacted gravelly soils under high surcharge pressure. The permeation box can hold a specimen 600 mm long in the seepage path and 400 × 400 mm2 in the cross-section, making the apparatus capable of testing soils with particle sizes up to 60 mm. The water supply system can provide a maximum water head of 30 m and a maximum flow rate of 300 L/min to fit the wide-range variation in gravel’s hydraulic conductivity. The mechanical loading system can provide a surcharge pressure of up to 3.0 MPa. In addition to measuring the common quantities in seepage tests, such as water head loss along the seepage path and total flux, this apparatus was specially designed to allow for observation of the particle outflow at the seepage exit, collection of the eroded fine particles, and measurement of the erosion-induced deformation. Preliminary tests were conducted on gap-graded gravelly alluvium to show the performance of the apparatus. It is shown that the initiation and progression of internal erosion can be better characterized by combining the recorded data and the observed phenomenon of particle outflow at the seepage exit. The influence of surcharge pressure on internal stability was also studied preliminarily to highlight the importance of the apparatus’ capability of imposing a high surcharge pressure.
Editorial
Authors: Iriondo Otero Walter Ruben 
Published: August 2022

Temos o orgulho de apresentar uma nova edição da Revista Prociências. Dentre os artigos que integram a presente edição da revista destacamos contribuições vindas de diversas regiões do Brasil, assim como do exterior, notadamente, do Paraguai e do México.
Nos artigos publicados os autores abordam assuntos do âmbito educativo como os desafios propostos no sistema educacional pela pandemia da COVID 19 e as possibilidades oferecidas pelas Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação; histórias de vida no início da aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira em ambiente escolar; a inclusão de alunos com deficiência visual na sala de aula; e a identificação de componentes curriculares com maior índice de evasão e retenção.
Também são abordados assuntos no âmbito da produção industrial, como é o caso do estudo do índice de maturidade da Indústria 4.0 em uma empresa do setor fumageiro; a compreensão, desenvolvimento e execução de um modelo computacional que auxilia no processo decisório do descarte do óleo residual; e a análise de concepções de sistemas de automação para o acionamento de comportas de elevadoras de nível de um perímetro de irrigação..
Agradecemos aos colaboradores pelo envio dos textos e à Comissão Científica pela inestimável contribuição relativa às avaliações dos trabalhos. Destacamos que a Revista Prociências está aberta para o recebimento de trabalhos em fluxo contínuo, possibilitando submissão online de artigos durante o ano todo e encorajamos a submissão de trabalhos inéditos para as próximas edições da revista.
Desejamos que a leitura dos artigos apresentados seja proveitosa!

Prof. Dr. Walter R. Iriondo Otero
Editor
Vera Lynn Sings: Domesticity, Glamour, and National Belonging on 1950s British Television
Authors: Baade Christina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the late 1950s, musical variety shows on television played a critical role in the careers of numerous singers, particularly women working in mainstream pop. Some even hosted their own shows, becoming “television personalities,” a new type of performer skilled at conveying televisual authenticity and intimacy. We can better understand the significance of these often overlooked singers by recentering the role of television in their careers. This article takes as its case study the British singer Vera Lynn and Vera Lynn Sings, the lavishly produced, prime-time musical variety show that she hosted from 1956 to 1959 and that was the centerpiece of her exclusive, multi-year contract with the British Broadcasting Corporation. By examining her star persona on the show, the article offers a corrective to accounts of Lynn’s long life as a public figure, which tend to emphasize her fame as a singer in World War II while skimming over her accomplished career in the decades that followed. Drawing upon production documents and scripts at the BBC Written Archives Centre, together with press sources, this article argues that Vera Lynn Sings helped shape popular notions of British national identity in the late 1950s. Through its musical, performative, and visual strategies, the show offered a vision of national belonging that placed aspirational, white, feminine domesticity at the center. Anchored by Lynn’s sincere persona and sentimental songs, the show’s intimate address and musical repertoire welcomed a “family” audience across lines of gender, class, and age, while simultaneously reinforcing racist and colonial definitions of national belonging.