bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus: from enzootic to zoonotic disease
Authors: Turin Lauretta , Surini Sara , Wheelhouse Nick , Rocchi Mara Silvia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnvironmental transmission of Chlamydia abortus as a result of enzootic disease or disease outbreaks and the threats posed by this pathogen has been previously reported, however a state-of-the-science review of these reports and the identification of future research priorities in this area is still lacking. This study provides an overview of the current knowledge of host–pathogen–environment interactions, addressing public health risks and identifying critical questions and research gaps. We performed a systematic PubMed and Web of Science search for publications related to Chlamydia abortus in the past four decades, and we reviewed and combined the evidence critically discussing and commenting the results. A total of 182 studies, 5 chapters of specific books and the “OIE terrestrial manual” were included in this review. There were substantial variations between the studies in topic addressed and experimental design. Overall, the literature largely supports the crucial role played by environmental exposure on the acquisition of zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia abortus. We also identify the paucity of information related to interspecies transmission and pathogen adaptation in relation to environmental dissemination and zoonotic risk. This analysis further highlights the need for additional research given that environmental transmission represents a serious risk not only to susceptible patients (pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals), but also for other species including wildlife.
State or trait: the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa — contributions of a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Göller Selma , Nickel Kathrin , Horster Isabelle , Endres Dominique , Zeeck Almut , Domschke Katharina , Lahmann Claas , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Maier Simon , Joos Andreas A. B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The understanding of the cerebral neurobiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) with respect to state- versus trait-related abnormalities is limited. There is evidence of restitution of structural brain alterations with clinical remission. However, with regard to functional brain abnormalities, this issue has not yet been clarified.

Methods
We compared women with AN (n = 31), well-recovered female participants (REC) (n = 18) and non-patients (NP) (n = 27) cross-sectionally. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed to compare neural responses to food versus non-food images. Additionally, affective ratings were assessed.

Results
Functional responses and affective ratings did not differ between REC and NP, even when applying lenient thresholds for the comparison of neural responses. Comparing REC and AN, the latter showed lower valence and higher arousal ratings for food stimuli, and neural responses differed with lenient thresholds in an occipital region.

Conclusions
The data are in line with some previous findings and suggest restitution of cerebral function with clinical recovery. Furthermore, affective ratings did not differ from NP. These results need to be verified in intra-individual longitudinal studies.
Growing up during a public health crisis: a qualitative study of Born in Bradford early adolescents during Covid-19
Authors: Lockyer Bridget , Endacott Charlotte , Dickerson Josie , Sheard Laura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Whilst children and young people have not often been at forefront of the immediate Covid-19 pandemic health response there has been concern about the indirect consequences of Covid-19 on children’s physical and mental health and what the effect of the pandemic will be throughout their lifetimes. Early adolescence is a time of transition and reorientation. This study considers the impact of the first UK Covid-19 lockdown on early adolescents.

Methods
The study topic was identified through a consultation process which aimed to provide appropriate evidence to local decision makers in Bradford, UK and plan for future interventions. A group of children and their parents from the longitudinal Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort study were randomly selected and then purposively sampled by ethnicity, age, sex and deprivation. The BiB cohort is made up of 13,776 children and their families and were recruited at Bradford Royal Infirmary between 2007 and 2011. 41 interviews (with 20 families: 20 parents and 21 children) were carried out between August and September 2020. Interview data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
The transitional age of the children interviewed had an important influence on their experience Covid-19 and the first UK lockdown. Their age combined with lockdown and school closures meant that they missed out on key learning and social opportunities at a crucial time in their lives. Covid-19 and lockdown also disrupted their daily mental wellbeing and led to increased anxiety, lethargy and low moods, during a period of personal change and social transition.

Conclusion
For children at the start of their adolescence undergoing change and formation, the experiences and feelings Covid-19 has set in motion will likely have an impact on their mental and cognitive functioning as they develop further. It is important to acknowledge these early adolescent experiences and continue to monitor and provide targeted support to this group of young people.
Ramifications of incorrect image segmentations; emphasizing on the potential effects on deep learning methods failure
Authors: Al-Dmour Hayat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDetecting failure cases is critical to ensure a secure self-driving system. Any flaw in the system directly results in an accident. In genuine class, the model’s probability reflects better-reflected model confidence. As a result, the confidence distributions of failed predictions were changed to lower values. In contrast, accurate predictions were remained associated with high values, allowing for considerably more excellent separability between such prediction types. The study investigates the association of ramifications with computational color constancy that can negatively influence CNN’s image classification and semantic segmentation.MethodologyImage datasets were used to conduct different scales and complexity experiments. For instance, minimal and straightforward images of digits were comparatively provided through MNIST and SVHN datasets. The dataset’s standard validation set was employed to test and compute additional metrics because ground truth that is not publicly available for some test sets.ResultsThe results depicted that baseline methods were outperformed through the proposed approach with a considerable variant on minimal datasets or models in every context. Therefore, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is appropriate in failure prediction, and ConfidNet is competent to be fulfilled as confidence criterion. Further, one of the solutions would be to elevate the validation set size, but this would influence the prediction performance of a failure model. On the contrary, the confidence estimation was based on models with test predictive performance levels, similar to baselines.ConclusionsThe gap between validation accuracy and training accuracy was significant on CIFAR-100, which indicates the modest enhancement for failure detection via the validation set.
AraXLNet: pre-trained language model for sentiment analysis of Arabic
Authors: Alduailej Alhanouf , Alothaim Abdulrahman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Arabic language is a complex language with little resources; therefore, its limitations create a challenge to produce accurate text classification tasks such as sentiment analysis. The main goal of sentiment analysis is to determine the overall orientation of a given text in terms of whether it is positive, negative, or neutral. Recently, language models have shown great results in promoting the accuracy of text classification in English. The models are pre-trained on a large dataset and then fine-tuned on the downstream tasks. Particularly, XLNet has achieved state-of-the-art results for diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks in English. In this paper, we hypothesize that such parallel success can be achieved in Arabic. The paper aims to support this hypothesis by producing the first XLNet-based language model in Arabic called AraXLNet, demonstrating its use in Arabic sentiment analysis in order to improve the prediction accuracy of such tasks. The results showed that the proposed model, AraXLNet, with Farasa segmenter achieved an accuracy results of 94.78%, 93.01%, and 85.77% in sentiment analysis task for Arabic using multiple benchmark datasets. This result outperformed AraBERT that obtained 84.65%, 92.13%, and 85.05% on the same datasets, respectively. The improved accuracy of the proposed model was evident using multiple benchmark datasets, thus offering promising advancement in the Arabic text classification tasks.
Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia–Hyperoxia on Performance- and Health-Related Outcomes in Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Behrendt Tom , Bielitzki Robert , Behrens Martin , Herold Fabian , Schega Lutz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus.

Objective
Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia–hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science™, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English.

Results
Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters.

Conclusion
Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Preparation of gamma poly-glutamic acid/hydroxyapatite/collagen composite as the 3D-printing scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Nguyen Thu-Trang , Hu Chih-Chien , Sakthivel Rajalakshmi , Nabilla Sasza Chyntara , Huang Yu-Wen , Yu Jiashing , Cheng Nai-Chen , Kuo Yi-Jie , Chung Ren-Jei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
All types of movements involve the role of articular cartilage and bones. The presence of cartilage enables bones to move over one another smoothly. However, repetitive microtrauma and ischemia as well as genetic effects can cause an osteochondral lesion. Numerous treatment methods such as microfracture surgergy, autograft, and allograft, have been used, however, it possesses treatment challenges including prolonged recovery time after surgery and poses a financial burden on patients. Nowadays, various tissue engineering approaches have been developed to repair bone and osteochondral defects using biomaterial implants to induce the regeneration of stem cells.

Methods

In this study, a collagen (Col)/γ-polyglutamate acid (PGA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffold was fabricated using a 3D printing technique. A Col/γ-PGA/HA 2D membrane was also fabricated for comparison. The scaffolds (four layers) were designed with the size of 8 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm in thickness. The first layer was HA/γ-PGA and the second to fourth layers were Col/γ-PGA. In addition, a 2D membrane was constructed from hydroxyapatite/γ-PGA and collagen/γ-PGA with a ratio of 1:3. The biocompatibility property and degradation activity were investigated for both scaffold and membrane samples. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (
r
BMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (
h
ADSCs) were cultured on the samples and were tested
in-vitro
to evaluate cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
In-vivo
experiments were performed in the rat and nude mice models.

Results

In-vitro
and
in-vivo
results show that the developed scaffold is of well biodegradation and biocompatible properties, and the Col-HA scaffold enhances the mechanical properties for osteochondrogenesis in both
in-vitro
and animal trials.

Conclusions
The composite would be a great biomaterial application for bone and osteochondral regeneration.
The association between different predictive biomarkers and mortality of COVID-19
Authors: Ansari Narges , Jahangiri Mina , Shirbandi Kimia , Ebrahimi Mina , Rahim Fakher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Immunocompromised individuals are expected to be more prone to severe diseases and, subsequently, death. Genetic disorders and polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune system, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA), inflammatory cytokines, and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, can be involved in the immune system's response to various pathogens. In the current survey, the data were received from the world health organization, collected around the world.

Results
Spearman's coefficient correlation test for evaluating the relationship between the Daily Death Rates (DDR) and immunological variables showed a statistically significant correlation between the DDR and all immunological variables except TNFa857T, TNFa863A IL2330G, and IL2166T (P < 0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant correlation between the DDR and some HLA markers.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis study shows that predictive biomarkers and mortality of COVID-19 are associated with HLA markers. However, these results should be confirmed in a more structured agreement. It is worth noting that the design of new studies should consider potential diseases with poor prognoses because they are related to these immune genetic markers.
Challenges and measures during management of mounting biomedical waste in COVID-19 pandemic: an Indian approach
Authors: Manekar Snehal S. , Bakal Ravindrakumar L. , Jawarkar Rahul D. , Charde Manoj S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
During coronavirus pandemic, an unpredictable pile of biomedical waste (BMW) gathers at the top. India produces 710 tonnes of biomedical waste daily. The contribution of COVID-19 related biomedical waste was 126 tonnes per day in first wave of the pandemic. BMW's rapid growth is putting a strain on current waste management facilities, especially in developing countries. A sudden boost in biomedical waste needs rapid and proper segregation and disposal methods to avoid future consequences.

Main body of the abstract
From literatures and statistical data available on Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) it shows that India lags behind in large-scale sorting, collection, careful storage, transfer and disposal of bio waste. India has its own guidelines set by the CPCB to ensure the safe disposal of biomedical waste during diagnosis, treatment and quarantine of COVID-19 patients. Although there are strict guidelines for bio-waste management, many hospitals in the process of implementing them often dispose of waste in inappropriate, chaotic and indiscriminate ways due to negligence or laziness. Often, due to poor separation practices, hospital waste is mixed with general waste, resulting in harmful overall waste flow. Waste disposal handlers are not safe due to their exposure to various health risks and inadequate training in waste management. The present review sheds light on guidelines, measures, and challenges related to biomedical waste management.

Short conclusion
Improper waste separation leads to improper waste disposal. Waste generation and management issues are causing daily problems as they have a profound impact on the dramatically changing global environment, including air, water and soil pollution. In addition, BMW's daily production and its processing are inversely proportional. This situation suggests that India will soon be drowning in its own garbage. The focus of this review is on the generation and disposal of biomedical waste. Based on a review of the literature, this evaluation provides a comparative picture of the current status of waste generation, national waste management strategies, and some measures to contribute to waste management and avoid future disasters.
Chemical composition and bioactivities of Melaleuca alternufolia essential oil and its main constituents against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisaduval, 1833)
Authors: Ismail Seham M. , Hassan Noura A. , Wahba Trandil F. , Shaker N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Spodoptera littoralis is mostly controlled by the use of synthetic insecticides. Nonetheless, the use of these insecticides causes a slew of issues. On this pest, the antifeedant activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (EO) and its two principal components was investigated.

Results
The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that the M. alternifolia EO was composed of eleven compounds. Terpinen-4-ol (40.1%) and γ-terpinene (21.9%) were chosen as the major constituents. In terms of antifeedant efficacy, treatment with M. alternifolia EO and these components reduced leaf consumption and the efficiency of food conversion in larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. When compared to untreated larvae, weight, growth, and pupation percentage were all significantly lower.

Conclusions
The findings show that M. alternifolia EO and its components, terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene can be effectively combined for cotton leafworm management.
Highlighting the role of global longitudinal strain assessment in valvular heart disease
Authors: Purwowiyoto Sidhi Laksono , Halomoan Reynaldo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Echocardiography has been the choice for imaging modality for valvular heart disease. It is less invasive, widely available, and allows valvular structure visualization. Echocardiographic assessment often also determines the management. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most commonly used indicator during echocardiography assessment. It shows signs of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with valve disease. However, most of the time, the ongoing process of cardiac damage may already occur even with preserved cardiac function; further deteriorated ejection fraction will show irreversible cardiac damage. There is a need for a more advanced diagnostic tool to detect early cardiac dysfunction, to prevent further damage.

Main body
Advanced echocardiography imaging using strain imaging allows a physician to evaluate cardiac function more precisely. A more sensitive parameter than left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, can evaluate subclinical myocardial dysfunction before the symptoms occur by evaluating complex cardiac mechanisms. Global longitudinal strain evaluation provides the chance for physicians to determine the intervention needed to prevent further deterioration and permanent cardiac dysfunction. Global longitudinal strain is proven to be beneficial in many types of valvular heart diseases, especially in mitral and aortic valve diseases. It has an excellent diagnostic and prognostic value for patients with valve disease. This review aims to present the superiority of global longitudinal strain compared to left ventricular ejection fraction in assessing cardiac function in patients with valvular heart disease. Clinical usage of global longitudinal strain in several valvular heart diseases is also presented in this review.

Conclusions
The superiority of global longitudinal strain to left ventricular ejection fraction relies on the mechanism where other strains would compensate for the deterioration of longitudinal strain, which is more vulnerable to damage, so the cardiac function is preserved. Therefore, examination of longitudinal strain would give the physician early signs of cardiac function impairment, and prompt management can be conducted.
Undercarboxylated, But Not Carboxylated, Osteocalcin Suppresses TNF-α–Induced Inflammatory Signaling Pathway in Myoblasts
Authors: Park Danbi , Kim Do-Yeon , Byun Mi Ran , Hwang Hyorin , Ko Seong-Hee , Baek Jeong-Hwa , Baek Kyunghwa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) has been considered to be an important endocrine factor, especially to regulate bone and energy metabolism. Even with the mounting evidence showing the consistent inverse correlation of ucOCN levels in chronic inflammatory diseases, however, the mechanism underlying the involvement of ucOCN in the muscular inflammation has not been fully understood. In the present study, we explored 1) the endocrine role of ucOCN in the regulation of inflammation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary myoblasts and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms, and 2) whether G protein–coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) is the ucOCN-sensing receptor associated with the ucOCN-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in myoblasts. ucOCN suppressed the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–induced expressions of major inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inhibited the TNF-α–stimulated activities of transcription factors, including NF-κB, in C2C12 and primary myoblasts. Both knockdown and knockout of GPRC6A, by using siRNA or a CRISPR/CAS9 system, respectively, did not reverse the effect of ucOCN on IL-1β expression in myoblasts. Interestingly, TNF-α–induced IL-1β expression was inhibited by knockdown or deletion of GPRC6A itself, regardless of the ucOCN treatment. ucOCN was rapidly internalized into the cytoplasmic region via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, suggesting the presence of new target proteins in the cell membrane and/or in the cytoplasm for interaction with ucOCN in myoblasts. Taken together, these findings indicate that ucOCN suppresses the TNF-α–induced inflammatory signaling pathway in myoblasts. GPRC6A is not a sensing receptor associated with the ucOCN-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling pathway in myoblasts.