bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides prepared by immobilized protease with eggshell membrane
Authors: Wu Yuanyue , Ye Qianqian , Zhang Ling , Cheng Zuxin , Xiao Kaijun , Zhu Liang , Yin Yurong , Dong Hao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCollagen peptides are a potential treatment for osteoporosis due to their antiosteoporosis activity. In this study, we prepared immobilized protease with eggshell membrane as carrier, and then hydrolyzed collagen to obtain collagen peptide. The antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was confirmed by hBMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization improvement results. Surprisingly, antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was related to the molecular weight of collagen peptides. This was derived from the osteoblast marker gene expressions, and mineral elements in P1 treatment were higher than those in P3 treatment. Consequently, these results confirmed that antiosteoporosis of low molecular weight collagen peptides is higher than that of higher molecular weight collagen peptides. Furthermore, the antiosteoporosis activity of P1 was due to its peptide sequences with known antiosteoporosis activity in P1.Practical ApplicationUsing eggshell membrane as carrier to prepare immobilized protease was meaningful for solving the problem of resource waste. In addition, the results showed that collagen peptides possessed antiosteoporosis, and the effect of low molecular weight collagen peptides was better. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing high antiosteoporosis collagen peptides able to treat osteoporosis.
A UN Treaty for Marine Biodiversity: Establishing Environmental Policy Integration in Global Governance
Authors: Barirani Dona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn extensive regime for marine biodiversity in ‘areas beyond national jurisdiction’ is currently discussed under the United Nations. A key aspect of its institutional design concerns the integrative quality of the treaty that is to be developed on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction – called the ‘BBNJ Agreement’. There is a large number of global and regional policy instruments regulating activities in the areas beyond national jurisdiction. Yet, issues of integrating and coordinating these instruments prevail, raising the question how a new treaty could provide for environmental policy integration in ocean governance. This paper draws on environmental policy integration literature of the past three decades to explore, ex ante, to what extent the planned ocean treaty can contribute to more institutional harmonization. It examines how the treaty addresses four key policy‐making dimensions of environmental policy integration, and new opportunities and challenges that have emerged, based on the attributes of the treaty provisions and its institutional architecture. This paper concludes that the BBNJ Agreement offers an alternative policy framework which has the potential to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity by triggering more international cooperation and collaboration and filling gaps in ocean governance.
Compliance with clinical guidelines increases the safety of vacuum‐assisted delivery
Authors: Yim Stephen L.Y. , Petersen Tomas W. , Uppal Munawwara Talat , Quinlivan Julie A. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundVacuum‐assisted delivery (VAD) is a common and safe obstetric procedure. However, occasionally serious complications may occur. Clinical guidelines and College Statements have been developed to reduce the risk of serious adverse events. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) College Statement C‐Obs 16 has not been evaluated to see if advice improves outcomes.AimThe aim was to evaluate whether compliance with RANZCOG College Statement C‐Obs 16 advice reduced the risk of serious adverse outcomes, specifically clinically significant subgaleal haemorrhage and major birth trauma.Materials and MethodsRetrospective audit of VADs in a level five hospital (NSW Maternity and Neonatal capability framework) from January 2020 to 2021.ResultsThere were 1960 women who delivered in the study period, of whom 252 (12.8%) delivered by vacuum, and complete data were available from 241 cases. Statement compliance was observed in 81%. The main deviation from Statement compliance was pulls exceeding three. Statement compliance was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of subgaleal haemorrhage (0% vs 11%, P = 0.0002), major birth trauma (3% vs 22%, P = 0.0001), requirement for neonatal resuscitation (14% vs 35%, P = 0.0026) and Apgar scores at one minute less than six (5% vs 22% P = 0.0006). Statement compliance was associated with a significant reduction in maternal blood loss at delivery (388 mL vs 438 mL, P = 0.01). Noncompliance with Statement advice was observed significantly more often in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes (3% vs 15%, P = 0.02) and birth requiring instrument change (4% vs 13% P = 0.031).ConclusionCompliance with a College Statement is associated with lower rates of subgaleal haemorrhage and major neonatal trauma. The main deviation from compliance was pulls in excess of three.Keyword: birth trauma, clinical guidelines, quality and safety in healthcare, subgaleal haemorrhage, vacuum delivery
Effectiveness of emergency surgery for five common acute conditions: an instrumental variable analysis of a national routine database
Authors: Hutchings A. , O’Neill S. , Lugo‐Palacios D. , Moler Zapata S. , Silverwood R. , Cromwell D. , Keele L. , Bellingan G. , Moonesinghe S. R. , Smart N. , Hinchliffe R. , Grieve R. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe effectiveness of emergency surgery vs. non‐emergency surgery strategies for emergency admissions with acute appendicitis, gallstone disease, diverticular disease, abdominal wall hernia or intestinal obstruction is unknown. Data on emergency admissions for adult patients from 2010 to 2019 at 175 acute National Health Service hospitals in England were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. Cohort sizes were: 268,144 (appendicitis); 240,977 (gallstone disease); 138,869 (diverticular disease); 106,432 (hernia); and 133,073 (intestinal obstruction). The primary outcome was number of days alive and out of hospital at 90 days. The effectiveness of emergency surgery vs. non‐emergency surgery strategies was estimated using an instrumental variable design and is reported for the cohort and pre‐specified sub‐groups (age, sex, number of comorbidities and frailty level). Average days alive and out of hospital at 90 days for all five cohorts were similar, with the following mean differences (95%CI) for emergency surgery minus non‐emergency surgery after adjusting for confounding: −0.73 days (−2.10–0.64) for appendicitis; 0.60 (−0.10–1.30) for gallstone disease; −2.66 (−15.7–10.4) for diverticular disease; −0.07 (−2.40–2.25) for hernia; and 3.32 (−3.13–9.76) for intestinal obstruction. For patients with ‘severe frailty’, mean differences (95%CI) in days alive and out of hospital for emergency surgery were lower than for non‐emergency surgery strategies: −21.0 (−27.4 to −14.6) for appendicitis; −5.72 (−11.3 to −0.2) for gallstone disease, −38.9 (−63.3 to −14.6) for diverticular disease; −19.5 (−26.6 to −12.3) for hernia; and − 34.5 (−46.7 to −22.4) for intestinal obstruction. For patients without frailty, the mean differences (95%CI) in days alive and out of hospital were: −0.18 (−1.56–1.20) for appendicitis; 0.93 (0.48–1.39) for gallstone disease; 5.35 (−2.56–13.28) for diverticular disease; 2.26 (0.37–4.15) for hernia; and 18.2 (14.8–22.47) for intestinal obstruction. Emergency surgery and non‐emergency surgery strategies led to similar average days alive and out of hospital at 90 days for five acute conditions. The comparative effectiveness of emergency surgery and non‐emergency surgery strategies for these conditions may be modified by patient factors.
Taking Renewables to Market: Prospects for the After‐Subsidy Energy Transition
Authors: Christophers Brett 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the cost of solar and wind technologies having declined, governments are scaling back the subsidies and guarantees that have historically supported the development of renewable power. The renewables sector is struggling to stand commercially on its own feet, however: without state support, it is often difficult for developers to secure project funding. This article examines both this growing challenge to the energy transition and a key mechanism to which developers are turning to try to resolve it—the corporate power‐purchase agreement (PPA). Under renewables PPAs, corporations such as technology firms contract to buy electricity for periods of up to 15–20 years. Often pivotal in unlocking development finance, PPAs have been hailed as re‐energising a faltering energy transition. But to rely on the purchasing habits of the likes of Amazon and Google to maintain the shift into renewables is to raise important political, economic and ecological questions.
Predicting clinical trial outcomes using drug bioactivities through graph database integration and machine learning
Authors: Murali Vidhya , Muralidhar Y. Pradyumna , Königs Cassandra , Nair Meera , Madhu Sethulekshmi , Nedungadi Prema , Srinivasa Gowri , Athri Prashanth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ability to estimate the probability of a drug to receive approval in clinical trials provides natural advantages to optimizing pharmaceutical research workflows. Success rates of clinical trials have deep implications for costs, duration of development, and under pressure due to stringent regulatory approval processes. We propose a machine learning approach that can predict the outcome of the trial with reliable accuracies, using biological activities, physicochemical properties of the compounds, target‐related features, and NLP‐based compound representation. In the above list, biological activities have never been used as an independent variable towards the prediction of clinical trial outcomes. We have extracted the drug–disease pair from clinical trials and mapped target(s) to that pair using multiple data sources. Empirical results demonstrate that ensemble learning outperforms independently trained, small‐data ML models. We report results and inferences derived from a Random forest classifier with an average accuracy of 93%, and an F1 score of 0.96 for the “Pass” class. “Pass” refers to one of the two classes (Pass/Fail) of all clinical trials, and the model performed well in predicting the “Pass” category. Through the analysis of feature contributions to predictive capability, we have demonstrated that bioactivity plays a statistically significant role in predicting clinical trial outcome. A significant effort has gone into the production of the dataset that, for the first time, integrates clinical trial information with protein targets. Cleaned, organized, integrated data and code to map these entities, created as a part of this work, are available open‐source. This reproducibility and the freely available code ensure that researchers with access to deep curated and proprietary clinical trial databases (we only use open‐source data in this study) can further expand the scope of the results.
Pouch volvulus—why adhesions are not always the enemy
Authors: Dionigi Beatrice , Prien Christopher , Lavryk Olga , Lightner Amy L. , Holubar Stefan D. , Hull Tracy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimMinimally invasive approaches to proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis have become the standard of care with one benefit being the reduced risk of adhesion‐related complications. However, a lack of pouch adherence to the pelvis can lead to increased mobility as well as volvulization, placing pouch viability at risk. We aimed to describe our institutional experience with pouch volvulus.MethodsPatients who presented with pouch volvulus from 1983 to 2020 were identified through a search of our pelvic pouch registry and enterprise‐wide electronic medical record. Pouch volvulus was defined as a reducible rotation of the J‐pouch on its mesenteric axis with evidence of a properly oriented ileo‐anal anastomosis. Patients with ‘twisted pouches’ were excluded.ResultsIn total, 5760 patients underwent ileal pouch anal anastomosis from 1983 to 2020. Six patients (five women) were identified with a diagnosis of ‘pouch volvulus’ consistent with our definition. The six pouches were constructed utilizing laparoscopic techniques and the mean time from construction to volvulus was 2.36 years. All patients underwent urgent surgery, with a paucity of adhesions noted in five. Reduction and pouch pexy was performed in three and pouch excision in three, with immediate pouch reconstruction in two and end ileostomy creation in one. At a median follow‐up of 9 months, pouch survival was 50%.ConclusionsPelvic pouches constructed using minimally invasive techniques may be at risk of volvulus due to reduced adhesion development. A high index of suspicion is warranted in pouch patients with obstructive symptomatology. CT imaging may be diagnostic, and prompt surgical intervention may facilitate pouch salvage.
Evaluation of itch and pain induced by bovine adrenal medulla (BAM)8–22, a new human model of non‐histaminergic itch
Authors: Aliotta Giulia Erica , Lo Vecchio Silvia , Elberling Jesper , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic itch is a socioeconomic burden with limited management options. Non‐histaminergic itch, involved in problematic pathological itch conditions, is transmitted by a subgroup of polymodal C‐fibres. Cowhage is traditionally used for studying experimentally induced non‐histaminergic itch in humans but encounters some limitations. The present study, therefore, aims to design a new human, experimental model of non‐histaminergic itch based on the application of bovine adrenal medulla (BAM)8–22, an endogenous peptide that activates the MrgprX1 receptor. Twenty‐two healthy subjects were recruited. Different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) of BAM8‐22 solution and vehicle, applied by a single skin prick test (SPT), were tested in the first session. In the second session, the BAM8‐22 solution (1 mg/ml) was applied by different number of SPTs (1, 5 and 25) and by heat‐inactivated cowhage spicules coated with BAM8‐22. Provoked itch and pain intensities were monitored for 9 min, followed by the measurement of superficial blood perfusion (SBP) and mechanical and thermal sensitivities. BAM8‐22 induced itch at the concentration of 1, 2 mg/ml (p < 0.05) and with the significantly highest intensity when applied through BAM8‐22 spicules (p < 0.001). No concomitant pain sensation or increased SBP was observed. SBP increased only in the 25 SPTs area probably due to microtrauma from the multiple skin penetrations. Mechanical and thermal sensitivities were not affected by any of the applications. BAM8‐22 applied through heat‐inactivated spicules was the most efficient method to induce itch (without pain or changes in SBP and mechanical and thermal sensitivities) suggesting BAM8‐22 as a novel non‐histaminergic, human, experimental itch model.
Evaluation of efficacy of antioxidant‐enriched sunscreen prodcuts against long wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light
Authors: Ruvolo Eduardo , Boothby‐Shoemaker Wyatt , Kumar Nishant , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Lim Henry W. , Kohli Indermeet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe synergistic effects of VL and long wavelength UVA1 (VL + UVA1, 370–700 nm) on inducing pigmentation and erythema in skin have been demonstrated and linked to exacerbation of dermatologic conditions including melasma and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to compare the photoprotection of organic sunscreens enriched with antioxidant (AO) combinations against VL + UVA1 induced biologic effects. The efficacy was compared with that offered by a commercially available tinted sunscreen.MethodsTen healthy adult subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV–VI were enrolled (nine completed). VL + UVA1 dose of 380 J/cm2 was utilized. Assessment methods were polarized photography, investigator global scoring and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Measurements were obtained at baseline and immediately, 24 h and 7 days after irradiation.ResultsSites treated with tinted sunscreen product had significantly less pigmentation compared with untreated but irradiated skin at all time points. However, DRS results demonstrated that the 5‐AO sunscreen performed comparably or better than all sunscreens tested with relatively lower dyschromia, delayed erythema and pigmentation.ConclusionThese results highlight the potential of AO‐enriched sunscreens to be photoprotective against VL + UVA1. The combination of efficacy and the cosmetic appearance of this product may provide wider acceptability which is crucial considering the limited available means of protection against this waveband.
Fault‐lines in temporary migration schemes: The case of Australia and the legacies of settler‐colonial mentalities in the exploitation of temporary non‐citizens
Authors: Tazreiter Claudia , Burridge Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the complexity of temporary migration schemes in contrast to the longstanding approach to immigration as a key aspect of nation‐building in settler societies. Until the early 1990s, predominantly one‐way, permanent immigration schemes were preferred in settler societies such as Australia. In an increasingly fluid global context, temporary migrants are more susceptible to forms of abuse and exploitation in a host society, with fewer forms of redress due to their status as non‐citizens and non‐permanent residents. Taking a specific focus upon Australia, we contextualize the experiences of temporary migrants both prior to and under the conditions of COVID‐19. Our key argument is that temporary migration schemes are organised and structured not only to favour states, as well as employers and businesses, but that the stripping back of rights to those who enter these schemes is a deliberative aspect of the state approach.
Seize the day, …s(e)ize the device: The emerging imaging modality to improve left atrial appendage device sizing
Authors: Tondo Claudio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is still uncertainity about the use of computed tomography‐scan for left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) device sizing. The main reason for this disappointing position is likely to relate to the scarcity of robust data, since there is still difference among institutions with regards how to perform measurement of the devices. Dallan et al. report their own experience on the use of a novel computed tomography angiography‐based (CTA) for sizing the Watchman Flex device for LAAO. The authors through the TruPlan software package that a preprocedural CTA sizing protocol can be applied successfully with intracardiac echocardiography guidance and provide excellent procedural outcomes. The applied CTA protocol is safe and can provide high success rates with the WatchmanTM FLX device reducing the number of deployment attempts and reducing the risk of complications.
Mechanisms of dermal bone repair after predatory attack in the giant stem‐group teleostLeedsichthys problematicusWoodward, 1889a (Pachycormiformes)
Authors: Johanson Zerina , Liston Jeff , Davesne Donald , Challands Tom , Meredith Smith Moya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeedsichthys problematicusis a suspension‐feeding member of the Mesozoic clade Pachycormiformes (stem‐group Teleostei), and the largest known ray‐finned fish (Actinopterygii). As in some larger fish, the skeleton is poorly ossified, but the caudal fin (tail) is well‐preserved. Bony calluses have been found here, on the dermal fin rays, and when sectioned, show evidence of bone repair in response to damage. As part of this repair, distinctive tissue changes are observed, including the deposition of woven bone onto broken bone fragments and the surface of the lepidotrichium, after resorption of the edges of these fragments and the lepidotrichial surface itself. Within the woven bone are many clear elongate spaces, consistent with their interpretation as bundles of unmineralized collagen (Sharpey's fibres). These normally provide attachment within dermal bones, and here attach new bone to old, particularly to resorbed surfaces, identified by scalloped reversal lines. Haversian systems are retained in the old bone, from which vasculature initially invaded the callus, hence bringing stem cells committed to forming bone onto the surfaces of the damaged area. These observations provide strong evidence of a vital response through survival of a predatory attack by a large marine reptile, coeval withLeedsichthysin the Jurassic seas.
No association found between late‐onset inflammatory adverse events after soft tissue filler injections and the adaptive immune system
Authors: Decates Tom S. , Velthuis Peter J. , Jhingoerie Renushka , Gibbs Susan , Bachour Yara , Niessen Frank B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, it is unknown why some individuals develop late‐onset inflammatory adverse events after treatment with fillers. These events may result from various factors, including an immunological response of the adaptive immune system.ObjectiveIn a pilot study, we looked for evidence that is there a relation between late‐onset inflammatory adverse events and the presence of immune cells surrounding the injected filler.Methods and MaterialsWe included 47 patients, of whom 20 experienced late‐onset inflammatory adverse events to different fillers (inflammatory group) and 27 who did not (reference group). A biopsy was taken from the area of the adverse event. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry analysis with CD3 (T‐cells) and CD68 (macrophages) on paraffin tissue sections was used to assess the biopsies.ResultsImmune cells were found in biopsies obtained from 18 of 47 patients: Nine biopsies from the inflammation group and nine from the reference group. All these 18 cases showed CD68‐positive immune cells. Virtually no CD3‐positive immune cells were found.ConclusionOur results indicate that there is no T‐cell activity in biopsies from areas with late‐onset adverse events after filler injections. The macrophages found in the biopsies are probably not responsible for the inflammatory response.
Dermatological uses of rice products: Trend or true?
Authors: Zamil Dina H. , Khan Rujman M. , Braun Tara L. , Nawas Zeena Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRice has been used for cosmetic purposes for centuries and its benefits have been translated into modern‐day skin careproducts.MethodsPubmed and google were searched with the terms “skin care” and “cosmetics” in conjunction with the words “rice”, “rice bran”, and “fermented rice bran”. Resulting articles were analysed for potential benefits of ingredients contained within rice for skin care and summarised.ResultsIndividual components of rice have been identified including phenolic compounds, betaine, squalene, tricin, and rice bran. These rice‐derived ingredients have been found to be antiaging, anti‐inflammatory, whitening, photoprotective, and moisturizing. Moreover, rice‐derived ingredients have demonstrated benefits for dermatological conditions. Rice bran ash extract increases melanin synthesis and offers protection from radiation and skin injury. Fermented rice bran extract and rice bran broth baths have shown utility in atopic dermatitis treatments. Literature suggests that rice‐derived ingredients are also safe, non‐irritating, and hypoallergenic.ConclusionIngredients isolated from rice and its components have wide potential for use in skin care and cosmetic products.