bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online academic satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students: role of sleep, emotions, college adjustment, and digital skills
Authors: Medina-Ramirez Sebastian A. , Rojas-Humpire Ricardo , Canaza Josue F. , Hernandez Fiorella , Huancahuire-Vega Salomón 
Published: February 2022

Background: The measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, led to significant changes in university education, resulting in the new normal standard of virtual teaching in many undergraduate medical schools worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to determine the factors related to academic satisfaction with virtual teaching in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on medical students at a private university in Peru, through self-reported questionnaires divided into sociodemographic data and variables of interest that could influence academic satisfaction during the pandemic. To evaluate possible factors related to academic satisfaction, stepwise regression models were performed for both sexes. Results: In total, data from 310 medical students, 117 males and 193 females, were analyzed. Academic satisfaction reached a score of 11.2 ± 2.9, which was similar in both sexes. The best regression model for males (AIC: 544.32; RMSE: 2.42; R2: 0.30) showed that adaptation to university life (favorable change) and depression (unfavorable change) explained 30% of changes in students' academic satisfaction. While in females (AIC: 907.59; RMSE: 2.49; R 2: 0.22) the model integrated favorable factors such as adjustment to college life and anxiety; while depression and poor sleep quality were unfavorable factors. Conclusion: Factors that contributed to academic satisfaction in medical students were determined in this study, which differed by gender. Thus, it is important to take into account the particularities of male and female medical students in order to improve their academic satisfaction during their university careers.
Improving knowledge mobilisation in healthcare: a qualitative exploration of creative co-design methods
Authors: Grindell Cheryl , Sanders Tom , Bec Remi , Mary Tod Angela , Wolstenholme Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Background:Co-production, co-creation and co-design are increasingly used in healthcare research knowledge mobilisation. These methods have grown in popularity and the broad range of approaches are often used without any formal evaluation. The challenges to using these approaches are well reported yet there is little evidence on how to overcome them or how they work. This study evaluates ‘creative co-design’, a design-led, solutions-focused process developed specifically as a means to mobilise knowledge in healthcare.
Aims and objectives:To investigate the impact of creative co-design on the knowledge mobilisation process. To understand how it impacts on the application of research knowledge in routine clinical practice.
Methods:Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 participants from 14 projects. Data were analysed using the Framework approach. A workshop involving the first 10 participants was held prior to the final interviews and analysis.
Findings:The findings indicate that creative co-design successfully facilitates knowledge mobilisation in healthcare. This is represented by three interconnected themes: creative and visual; design-led; and creating the right conditions.
Discussion and conclusions:The themes highlight how the approach supports engagement and creates a safe space for knowledge sharing and synthesis in a non-hierarchical environment. This study contributes important insights into how creative co-design can mobilise knowledge in healthcare. Further evaluation is warranted to help it develop into a recognised and effective method for research implementation and service improvement.
Characteristics of Higher Education Programs Enrolling Students With Intellectual Disability in the United States
Authors: Grigal Meg , Papay Clare , Weir Cate , Hart Debra , McClellan Matthew L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Significant advancements resulting from various legislative and grant initiatives have resulted in increases in higher education programs enrolling students with intellectual disability (ID). Information about program practices in admissions, academic access, employment, campus housing, and extracurricular activities was gathered via a national survey and offered to the public via a searchable directory. The current study provides a descriptive analysis of these survey data, addressing demographic structure and costs, as well as domains of practice including academic access, career development and employment, campus engagement, and credential attainment in higher education programs for students with ID from a sample of 257 programs. Comparisons to findings from a 2009 survey are offered when applicable and implications for practice, research, and policy are discussed.
Real-time X-ray phase-contrast imaging using SPINNet—a speckle-based phase-contrast imaging neural network
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Shi Xianbo , Yao Yudong , Wojcik Michael J. , Rebuffi Luca , Cherukara Mathew J. , Assoufid Lahsen 
Published: February 2022

X-ray phase-contrast imaging has become indispensable for visualizing samples with low absorption contrast. In this regard, speckle-based techniques have shown significant advantages in spatial resolution, phase sensitivity, and implementation flexibility compared with traditional methods. However, the computational cost associated with data inversion has hindered their wider adoption. By exploiting the power of deep learning, we developed a speckle-based phase-contrast imaging neural network (SPINNet) that significantly improves the imaging quality and boosts the phase retrieval speed by at least 2 orders of magnitude compared to existing methods. To achieve this performance, we combined SPINNet with a coded-mask-based technique, an enhanced version of the speckle-based method. Using this scheme, we demonstrate the simultaneous reconstruction of absorption and phase images on the order of 100 ms, where a traditional correlation-based analysis would take several minutes even with a cluster. In addition to significant improvement in speed, our experimental results show that the imaging and phase retrieval quality of SPINNet outperform existing single-shot speckle-based methods. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate SPINNet application in x-ray optics metrology and 3D x-ray phase-contrast tomography. Our result shows that SPINNet could enable many applications requiring high-resolution and fast data acquisition and processing, such as in situ and in operando 2D and 3D phase-contrast imaging and real-time at-wavelength metrology and wavefront sensing.
The relationship between congenital heart disease and cancer in Swedish children: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Kampitsi Christina-Evmorfia , Mogensen Hanna , Feychting Maria , Tettamanti Giorgio 
Published: February 2022

Background
Birth defects have been consistently associated with elevated childhood cancer risks; however, the relationship between congenital heart disease (CHD) and childhood cancer remains conflicting. Considering the increasing patient population with CHD after improvements in their life expectancies, insights into this relationship are particularly compelling. Thus, we aimed to determine the relationship between CHD and cancer in Swedish children.

Methods and findings
All individuals registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) between 1973 and 2014 were included in this population–based cohort study (n = 4,178,722). Individuals with CHD (n = 66,892) were identified from the MBR and National Patient Register, whereas cancer diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Register. The relationship between CHD and childhood cancer (<20 years at diagnosis) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. We observed increased risks of cancer overall, leukemia, lymphoma, and hepatoblastoma in children with CHD, but after adjustment for Down syndrome, only the increased lymphoma (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 2.44) and hepatoblastoma (HR = 3.94, 95% CI 1.83 to 8.47) risk remained. However, when restricting to CHD diagnoses from the MBR only, i.e., those diagnosed around birth, the risk for childhood cancer overall (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.71) and leukemia (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.84) was more pronounced, even after controlling for Down syndrome. Finally, a substantially elevated lymphoma risk (HR = 8.13, 95% CI 4.06 to 16.30) was observed in children with complex CHD. Limitations of the study include the National Patient Register not being nationwide until 1987, in addition to the rareness of the conditions under study providing limited power for analyses on the rarer cancer subtypes.

Conclusions
We found associations between CHD and childhood lymphomas and hepatoblastomas not explained by a diagnosis of Down syndrome. Stronger associations were observed in complex CHD.
Subcutaneous sarilumab for the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID19 disease: A pragmatic, embedded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Ferguson Ryan , Doros Gheorghe , Woods Patricia , Leatherman Sarah , Strymish Judith , Datta Rupak , Goswami Rekha , Jankowich Matthew D. , Shah Nishant R. , Taylor Thomas H. , Page Sarah T. , Schiller Sara J. , Shannon Colleen , Hau Cynthia , Flynn Maura , Holmberg Erika , Visnaw Karen , Dhond Rupali , Brophy Mary , Monach Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

Importance and objective
The aim of this pragmatic, embedded, adaptive trial was to measure the effectiveness of the subcutaneous anti-IL-6R antibody sarilumab, when added to an evolving standard of care (SOC), for clinical management of inpatients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease.

Design
Two-arm, randomized, open-label controlled trial comparing SOC alone to SOC plus sarilumab. The trial used a randomized play-the-winner design and was fully embedded within the electronic health record (EHR) system.

Setting
5 VA Medical Centers.

Participants
Hospitalized patients with clinical criteria for moderate to severe COVID-19 but not requiring mechanical ventilation, and a diagnostic test positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Interventions
Sarilumab, 200 or 400 mg subcutaneous injection. SOC was not pre-specified and could vary over time, e.g., to include antiviral or other anti-inflammatory drugs.

Main outcomes and measures
The primary outcome was intubation or death within 14 days of randomization. All data were extracted remotely from the EHR.

Results
Among 162 eligible patients, 53 consented, and 50 were evaluated for the primary endpoint of intubation or death. This occurred in 5/20 and 1/30 of participants in the sarilumab and SOC arms respectively, with the majority occurring in the initial 9 participants (3/4 in the sarilumab and 1/5 in the SOC) before the sarilumab dose was increased to 400 mg and before remdesivir and dexamethasone were widely adopted. After interim review, the unblinded Data Monitoring Committee recommended that the study be stopped due to concern for safety: a high probability that rates of intubation or death were higher with addition of sarilumab to SOC (92.6%), and a very low probability (3.4%) that sarilumab would be found to be superior.

Conclusions and relevance
This randomized trial of patients hospitalized due to respiratory compromise from COVID-19 but not mechanical ventilation found no benefit from subcutaneous sarilumab when added to an evolving SOC. The numbers of patients and events were too low to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn, but this study contributes valuable information about the role of subcutaneous IL-6R inhibition in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods developed and piloted during this trial will be useful in conducting future studies more efficiently.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov—NCT04359901; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04359901?cond=NCT04359901&draw=2&rank=1.
Spatial distribution and determinant factors of intimate partner violence among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia: Using generalized structural equation modeling
Authors: Tusa Biruk Shalmeno , Kebede Sewnet Adem , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most serious and pervasive yet under-recognized human rights violation in the world, particularly in Ethiopia. Hence, the objective of this study was to find the spatial distribution of IPV and its determinant factors in Ethiopia.

Methods
Secondary data analysis was conducted among 2,687 reproductive age group women (15–49 years). The distribution of IPV across the country was observed by ArcGIS software. In SaTScan software, the Bernoulli model was fitted by Kulldorff methods to identify the purely spatial clusters of IPV. Besides, Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was used to determine factors associated with each domain of IPV (physical, emotional & sexual violence).

Result
The spatial distribution of IPV was found to be clustered in Ethiopia with Global Moran’s I 0.09 (p < 0.001), and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia (p < 0.001), Somali (p < 0.001) and SNNP (p<0.001) regions. Watching television and not having attitudes toward wife beating were negatively associated with physical violence. Being rich and nonsmoker were inversely associated with emotional violence. The odds of experiencing sexual violence were high among pregnant women and wives of uneducated husbands/partners. In addition, women’s decision-making autonomy and husband/partner drinking alcohol have positive and negative associations with all domains of IPV respectively.

Conclusion
There was a significant clustering of IPV in Ethiopia and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions. Being rich, watching television, not having attitudes toward wife beating, women’s decision-making autonomy, and husband’s/partner’s high education and non-alcohol drinker status were negatively associated with IPV. The likelihood of experiencing IPV was also high among smokers and pregnant women. Thus, we recommend that improving the economic status of the household through social protection and empowerment of women in decision-making autonomy by education and employment and increasing community awareness about the consequences of IPV with particular emphasis on Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions is essential.
The perceptions of different professionals on school absenteeism and the role of school health care: A focus group study conducted in Finland
Authors: Melander Katja , Kortteisto Tiina , Hermanson Elina , Kaltiala Riittakerttu , Mäki-Kokkila Katariina , Kaila Minna , Kosola Silja 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of the studySchool absenteeism and school dropout jeopardize the future health and wellbeing of students. Reports on the participation of school health care in absenteeism reduction are infrequent, although physical and mental health problems are the most common causes of school absenteeism. Our aim was to explore what reasons different professionals working in schools recognize for absenteeism and which factors either promote or inhibit the inclusion of school health care in absenteeism reduction.Materials and methodsData for this qualitative study was gathered from ten focus groups conducted in two municipalities in southern Finland. The groups included (vice) principals, special education/resource/subject teachers, guidance counselors, school social workers, school psychologists, school nurses, school doctors, and social workers working in child protective services. Data analysis was predominantly inductive but the categorization of our results was based on existing literature.ResultsStudy participants identified student-, family-, and school-related reasons for absenteeism but societal reasons went unmentioned. A number of reasons promoting the inclusion of school health care in absenteeism reduction arose, such as expertise in health-related issues and the confidentiality associated with health care. Inclusion of school health care was hindered by differences in work culture and differing perceptions regarding the aims of school health care.ConclusionProfessionals working in schools were knowledgeable about the different causes of school absenteeism. Clarifying both the aims of school health care and the work culture of different professionals could facilitate the inclusion of school health care in absenteeism reduction.
Alternative pre-analytic sample handling techniques for glucose measurement in the absence of fluoride tubes in low resource settings
Authors: Nakanga Wisdom P. , Balungi Priscilla , Niwaha Anxious J. , Shields Beverly M. , Hughes Peter , Andrews Rob C. , Mc Donald Tim J. , Nyirenda Moffat J. , Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes are the recommended tubes for glucose measurements, but these are expensive, have limited number of uses, and are not always available in low resource settings. Alternative sample handling techniques are thus needed. We compared glucose stability in samples collected in various tubes exposed to different pre-analytical conditions in Uganda.

Methods
Random (non-fasted) blood samples were drawn from nine healthy participants into NaF, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and plain serum tubes. The samples were kept un-centrifuged or centrifuged with plasma or serum pipetted into aliquots, placed in cool box with ice or at room temperature and were stored in a permanent freezer after 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours post blood draw before glucose analysis.

Results
Rapid decline in glucose concentrations was observed when compared to baseline in serum (declined to 64%) and EDTA-plasma (declined to 77%) after 6 hours when samples were un-centrifuged at room temperature whilst NaF-plasma was stable after 24 hours in the same condition. Un-centrifuged EDTA-plasma kept on ice was stable for up to 6 hours but serum was not stable (degraded to 92%) in the same conditions. Early centrifugation prevented glucose decline even at room temperature regardless of the primary tube used with serum, EDTA-plasma and NaF-plasma after 24 hours.

Conclusion
In low resource settings we recommend use of EDTA tubes placed in cool box with ice and analysed within 6 hours as an alternative to NaF tubes. Alternatively, immediate separation of blood with manual hand centrifuges will allow any tube to be used even in remote settings with no electricity.
Contact tracing indicators for COVID-19: Rapid scoping review and conceptual framework
Authors: Vogt Florian , Kurup Karishma Krishna , Mussleman Paul , Habrun Caroline , Crowe Madeleine , Woodward Alexandra , Jaramillo-Gutierrez Giovanna , Kaldor John , Vong Sirenda , del Rio Vilas Victor 
Published: February 2022

Background
Contact tracing is one of the key interventions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic but its implementation varies widely across countries. There is little guidance on how to monitor contact tracing performance, and no systematic overview of indicators to assess contact tracing systems or conceptual framework for such indicators exists to date.

Methods
We conducted a rapid scoping review using a systematic literature search strategy in the peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as open source online documents. We developed a conceptual framework to map indicators by type (input, process, output, outcome, impact) and thematic area (human resources, financial resources, case investigation, contact identification, contact testing, contact follow up, case isolation, contact quarantine, transmission chain interruption, incidence reduction).

Results
We identified a total of 153 contact tracing indicators from 1,555 peer-reviewed studies, 894 studies from grey literature sources, and 15 sources from internet searches. Two-thirds of indicators were process indicators (102; 67%), while 48 (31%) indicators were output indicators. Only three (2%) indicators were input indicators. Indicators covered seven out of ten conceptualized thematic areas, with more than half being related to either case investigation (37; 24%) or contact identification (44; 29%). There were no indicators for the input area “financial resources”, the outcome area “transmission chain interruption”, and the impact area “incidence reduction”.

Conclusions
Almost all identified indicators were either process or output indicators focusing on case investigation, contact identification, case isolation or contact quarantine. We identified important gaps in input, outcome and impact indicators, which constrains evidence-based assessment of contact tracing systems. A universally agreed set of indicators is needed to allow for cross-system comparisons and to improve the performance of contact tracing systems.
Comparison of mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) between psoriasis patients and controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yi Ping , Jiang Jiao , Wang Zheyu , Wang Xing , Zhao Mingming , Wu Haijing , Ding Yan 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe predictive role of hematological indexes of mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) has been demonstrated in cardiovascular disease concomitant with psoriasis. This meta-analysis is intended to assess whether MPV and RDW can also serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease severity assessment of psoriasis.Material and methods13 studies which enrolled 1331 psoriasis patients and 919 healthy volunteers were included after screening the search results from PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library since inception to Mar 14, 2020. MPV of psoriasis participants and their counterparts was assessed in 10 studies, and RDW was evaluated in 4 studies, while the disease severity was measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) in 11 studies. Random-effect model analysis was applied to calculate pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsAssociations of MPV and RDW with the presence of psoriasis were demonstrated (MPV: SMD = 0.503, 95% CI: 0.242–0.765; RDW: SMD = 0.522, 95% CI: 0.228–0.817), but no statistically significant correlation of MPV and disease severity of psoriasis was found in meta-regression analysis (p = 0.208). Subgroup analysis revealed that the diagnosis value of MPV and RDW was consistent regardless of PASI and study type. Heterogeneity analysis between studies was implemented by chi-squared test andI2statistics. Begg’s and Egger’s test were utilized for the evaluation of publication bias. The sensitivity analysis revealed no significant alteration no matter which study was excluded.ConclusionMPV and RDW could serve as promising predictive diagnostic biomarkers of psoriasis.