bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Ocular Perfusion Pressure and its Relationship with Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Enugu, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Arinze IC , Onwubiko SN , Nwachukwu NZ , Maduka-Okafor FC , Aghaji AE , Nkwegu MO , Onwasigwe EN 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) has been suggested as a possible risk factor for the development and progression of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Aim:
To determine the distribution of OPP and its relationship with intraocular pressure (IOP) in Nigerian patients with POAG.

Patients and Methods:
A descriptive and comparative survey was adopted. A total of 120 subjects, 60 newly diagnosed POAG and 60 non-glaucomatous (NG) subjects, aged 40 years and above, who attended the ophthalmic clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu were recruited over a six-month period in 2019. All the subjects had ocular examination, blood pressure and IOP measurements. Statistical package for social sciences software version 25 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison while Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were used to ascertain the relationship. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Result:
The mean age of the participants was 57.9 + 11.9 years. The mean OPP was found to be significantly lower in the POAG subjects (Right eye, R = 43.6 ± 12.6, Left eye, L = 41.9 ± 13.3) mmHg compared with the NG group (R = 53.9 ± 10.9, L = 53.7 ± 10.9) mmHg (p < 0.001 for both eyes). A significant inverse relationship was observed between OPP and IOP in POAG subjects (p < 0.001), while there was none in NG subjects.

Conclusion:
OPP was lower in POAG subjects than in NG subjects. The observed relationship suggests that reduced OPP may play a role in the development of POAG.
The Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Levels of Resident Doctors Treating and Not Treating COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yüksel Aslıhan Esra , Tahıllıoğlu Akın , Durak Sibel , Arı Şeyda Ceylan , Özgül Kazım Koray , Ercan Eyüp Sabri 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Healthcare professionals are exposed to the stress of the pandemic in the highest level and try to cope with the long-term psychological consequences.

Aim:
This study mainly aimed to compare the anxiety and depression levels of resident doctors (RDs) who cared and did not care for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at the University Hospital, which has been serving as a pandemic hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Subjects and Methods:
To proceed with this study, 100 RDs were included this study between March 15 and June 1, 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to measure the depression levels and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure the anxiety levels of the RDs who participated in the study.

Results:
The analysis of the responses showed that there were 49 RDs treating COVID-19 patients and 51 RDs not treating COVID-19 patients. The proportions of the RDs who had higher PHQ-9 and BAI scores were significantly greater in the RDs treating COVID-19 patients than in those not treating.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights that front-line RDs have higher levels of anxiety and depression than back-line RDs
Effects of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Balance and Fall Risk in Elderly Patients with Severe Gonarthrosis
Authors: Sargin S , Guler NŞ , Sahin N , Aslan A 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Falls are a severe cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, and gonarthrosis causes a tendency to fall. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely used successful surgical procedure for end-stage gonarthrosis.

Aims:
To investigate whether there is a difference in the frequency of falls, balance and fall risk, and clinical and radiological results in patients with end-stage gonarthrosis with and without TKA.

Patients and Methods:
This was a single-center, retrospective, case-control study with age- and gender-matched groups. A total of 100 patients over 60 years of age, with end-stage gonarthrosis and who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Fall risk was analyzed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), TUG tests, and the ITAKI Fall Risk Test. Knee varus angles were measured using standing long-leg radiographs, and radiological gonarthrosis grading was performed. Pain levels and quality of life were assessed using the VAS and WOMAC. Each patient's knee extensor muscle strength and range of motion were measured.

Results:
WOMAC, ITAKI, TUG test, and VAS scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the TKA group. BBS scores were significantly lower in the control group. Although the number of falls was high in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that total knee arthroplasty provided statistically significant improvement in the clinical, radiological, and fall risk results of the patients. Although there was a decrease in the frequency of falls compared to the control group, it was statistically insignificant. In addition, in our study, it was evaluated that the most important risk factor for falling was advanced age.
The Antibacterial Activity of Nasturtium Officinale Extract on Common Oral Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Tabesh M , Sh M Etemadi , Etemadi M , Naddaf F , Heidari F , Alizargar J 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The oral cavity is colonized by a myriad of microorganisms, some of which are proven to be detrimental to human health. There have been numerous efforts to control the population of pathogenic agents in the oral cavity, including the usage of natural phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants. Nasturtium officinale has long been used in traditional medicine for the management of hypertension, respiratory infections, and hyperglycemia, and its effectiveness against some microbes has been reported.

Aims:
To evaluate antimicrobial properties of a hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale against common oral pathogens namely Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experimental laboratory study. Different dilutions of N. officinale hydro-alcoholic extract were the test solutions, the positive control was a bacterial suspension in sterile phosphate-buffered saline, whereas the negative control was the herbal extract only, without any bacterial inoculation. Hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale prepared in five different concentrations (105, 52.5, 26.25, 13.12, 6.56 mg.mL-1) was tested separately against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in a test of microdilution assay. Spectrophotometry was used to assess bacterial growth after 24 and 48 h.

Materials and Methods:
The data of optical absorbance reads from spectrophotometry were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) post hoc.

Results:
The highest growth inhibitory effect against S. mutans, E. faecalis, and S. aureus was observed at a concentration of 13.12 mg.mL-1; for L. acidophilus and P. aeruginosa, the most significant inhibition was observed at a concentration of 105 mg.mL-1.

Conclusion:

N. officinale extract effectively inhibited the growth of the tested oral bacteria at different concentrations but was more effective against S. mutans, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and so may be effective in managing some oral microbial infections.
Finite Element Analysis of Optimal Design of Distal Geometry of Cementless Femoral Prosthesis
Authors: Zhao Y , Wang L , Bao Y , Xu R , He S 
Published: September 2022

Aim and Background:
This study aims to improve the geometric design of the distal cementless femoral prosthesis stem, thereby changing the stress distribution of the femoral prosthesis and reducing the proximal stress shielding and distal stress concentration of the femur, so as to obtain better bone growth and long-term stability.

Materials and Methods:
Two geometric shapes of the femoral stems, namely, inverted hollow cone and cross-shaped bottom groove, are designed for the distal femoral prosthesis. The model is built based on the femoral computed tomography (CT) data of healthy volunteers, and the finite element method is used to analyze and calculate the stress distribution of the two femoral prosthesis stems.

Results:
According to the length and width of bottom “cross” groove, the stress values of the femoral region of the cross-grooved distal femur are divided into five groups, namely, group 1 (length 1:1, groove width 1.0 mm); group 2 (length 1:1, groove width 1.5 mm); group 3 (length 1:1, groove width 2.0 mm); group 4 (length 1:2, groove width 1.0 mm); group 5 (length 1:2, groove 1.5 mm wide). And the non-grooved group of the distal femur is designated as group 0. In the segment A, B, and C of the femoral region, the difference in the mean stress between group 0 and groups 1, 2, and 3 have statistical significance.

Conclusion:
The bottom “cross” groove of the distal femoral prosthesis can change the stress distribution in the prosthesis-distal femoral region and reduce the stress concentration at the distal prosthesis. Wherein, the grooved design of length ratio 1:1 is more advantageous.
Effects Chemical Disinfectants on Surface Roughness of Conventional Impression Materials used for Dental Prosthetic Procedures
Authors: Altintaş E , Rençber A 
Published: September 2022

Background to Aim:
To compare the effects of disinfectants on surface roughness of the conventional impression materials following chemical disinfection procedures.

Materials and Methods:
Equal numbers (65 for each impression material) of disc-shaped (15 × 3 mm) samples (Total n = 195) were fabricated from polyvinyl siloxane (Zhermack Elite), polyether (3M Impregum Penta Soft), and vinyl siloxane ether (Kettenbach Identium Lightbody) impression materials. Each impression material group was divided into five subgroups including one control group (n = 13). Impression material samples were immersed in CaviCide for 3 min, Zeta 7 solution for 10 min, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 and 10 min. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer (Mitutoyo-SJ 410, Mitutoyo Corp.). The study data were analyzed statistically.

Results:
A statistically significant difference was found among impression materials and disinfectants in terms of surface roughness (P < 0.05). Polyvinyl siloxane material showed a lower Ra value compared to Polyether and VSE materials; while polyether material showed a significantly lower Ra value compared to VSE material. Ra values of the control group were significantly lower than the disinfectant group immersed in 5.25% NaOCl solution for 10 min.

Conclusion:
Among all impression materials, polyvinyl siloxane showed the least surface roughness following disinfection procedures. Impression disinfectants that are specially designed for disinfecting dental impressions resulted in less surface roughness in all impression materials. With this study, it was aimed to obtain a smooth and clear model for the production of correct and compatible prostheses in the laboratory while at the same time purifying the impressions from microorganisms.
Evaluation of Retinal and Choroidal Thicknesses in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Kaptı HB , Şahin AK , Özdemir Ö 
Published: September 2022

Background:
One of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides visualization of early structural abnormalities of the retina and choroid.

Aim:
To compare retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with DM without DR and healthy controls.

Patients and Methods:
Diabetic patients without DR were divided into two groups according to serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Group 1: HbA1c ≤7.5 (n = 25) and group 2: HbA1c >7.5 (n = 23). The 3rd group was the healthy control group (n = 25). CT and RT measured by OCT were compared between the three groups.

Results:
CT in the subfoveal, temporal, and nasal quadrants was significantly higher in the healthy control group than in groups 1 and 2. Subfoveal and temporal quadrant CT in group 2 were significantly thinner than those in group 1. The average RT (ART) was thinner in group 1 than in the other groups, but there was no difference between the control group and group 2.

Conclusions:
This study showed that CT and ART decreased in diabetic patients without DR.
A Novel Scarless Laparoscopic Method for Morgagni Hernia Repair
Authors: Okur MH , Aydogdu B , Azizoglu M , Arslan S , Basuguy E 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Morgagni hernia (MH) is a rare congenital defect of the diaphragm. Although the various surgical method has been proposed, there is no surgical consensus.

Aim:
In this study, we aimed to report the outcome of the patients that underwent surgery which is completed using a single port laparoscopic-assisted transabdominal closure of MH.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of 18 pediatric patients who underwent novel laparoscopic MH repair at a single tertiary pediatric hospital between March 2018 and December 2020.

Results:
Of the 18 patients, 72% (n = 13) were male and 28% (n = 5) were female. The symptoms at admission included repeated chest infection (39%), dyspnea (33%), vomiting (17%), and abdominal pain (22%). The colon (78%) was the most frequently herniated organ. Hernias were bilateral, on the left, and on the right in seven, four, and seven cases, respectively. All surgical interventions were completed within 25–50 min. All patients started enteral feeding within 24 hours. All patients were discharged within 1–3 days without any complications. The mean follow-up period was 27 months.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, our method is characterized by a shorter operation time, early return to feeding, early discharge, excellent cosmetic results, low cost, and low recurrence rate. Further prospective trials are needed to compare our novel scarless technique to other methods.
Differences in SUV39H1 and Androgen Receptor Distribution in Adenomyomatous Hyperplasia and Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Çelik M Akçay , Erdem H , Çankaya S , Arıcı Y Kaşko 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Androgen receptor (AR) contributes to the growth of both early- and late-stage prostate cancer. Overexpression of suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) increases migration of prostate cancer cells, while depletion of SUV39H1 suppresses migration of prostate cancer cells.

Aim:
In this study, the aim was to show the relationships of AR and SUV39H1 with adenomyomatous hyperplasia (AH) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa).

Materials and Methods:
70 AH and 70 PCa preparations in Pathology Department from 2013 to 16 were retrospectively investigated. Samples with immunohistochemical staining for AR and SUV39H1 were evaluated with a light microscope. After pathologic investigation of samples, AR and SUV39H1 expressions were scored. The changes in the frequencies of the obtained scores in the AH and PCa groups were analyzed statistically.

Results:
AR expression was observed to be greater in AH compared to PCa. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.003). SUV39H1 expression was identified to be greater in PCa compared to AH and this showed statistical significance (p = 0.031). PCa samples were identified to have nearly 1.5 times more SUV39H1 mild staining compared to AH samples and this increase was two times for SUV39H1 strong staining.

Conclusion:
In our study, AR expression was greater in AH compared to PCa samples. This situation is inverse to the known mechanism and cannot be clearly explained. It needs to be supported with large series and other prognostic parameters. This study observed increased SUV39H1 values in PCa compared to AH and from this aspect, it may be considered an important poor prognosis parameter.
Teleophthalmology postoperative evaluation of patients following pterygium surgery in the Amazon
Authors: Larivoir Nicole Bragantini , Camargo Luis Marcelo A , Clemente Barbara N P , Bertazzi Renata C , De Domenico Amanda M , Camargo Juliana S A A , Nascimento Heloisa , De Andrade Eric P , Pereira Gomes Jose Alvaro , Salomao Solange Rios , Belfort Rubens 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Pterygium represents a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness in the Amazon and surgery is the only definitive treatment available. The cost of surgery and the need for prolonged postoperative follow-up have proved to be an obstacle to its management. The aim of this prospective study carried out in the southern region of the Amazon was to evaluate telemedicine in the pterygium surgery follow-up to help make pterygium surgery postoperative care feasible in places without ophthalmologic assistance.

Materials and Methods:
Postoperative follow-up care was done through teleconsultation. It involved capturing photographs from the corneal and conjunctiva by trained technicians and sending them to a reading center for an ophthalmologist's assessment based on an asynchronous (store-and-forward) model. Patients and ophthalmologists were inquired about their satisfaction regarding the postoperative follow-up.

Results:
All pictures were classified as adequate, allowing proper assessments of results and complications. It was possible to manage the postoperative and conclude there were no postoperative surgical complications during the 6-month follow-up. All patients reported satisfaction with the remote performed evaluation and considered that all their doubts and expectations were met.

Conclusion:
Teleophthalmology allows remote access and can significantly improve eye care quality, access, and affordability. It may represent an alternative to providing pterygium surgery postoperative monitoring in areas without the availability of an ophthalmologist, making it possible to combat one of the leading causes of reversible blindness in the equatorial region.
Superior orbital fissure syndrome secondary to ophthalmic herpes zoster
Authors: González Katia Márquez , Quetzal Herrera Joel Isai 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study is to report a case of superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS), secondary to ocular herpes zoster, with a favorable evolution.

Materials and Methods:
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) usually presents with ocular manifestations, being infrequent with the ophthalmoplegia. SOFS secondary to HZO is rare. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with dermatome involvement of the first left trigeminal branch, secondary to herpes zoster infection, who also developed herpetic keratitis in the left eye. After 8 days of antiviral treatment, he developed total left eye ophthalmoplegia that required steroid treatment. The evolution of the ophthalmoplegia was favorable with resolution at 3 months of follow-up.

Conclusions:
It is essential to make known one of the complications of HZO infection, although not as frequent, just as important, is to recognize this pathology when it occurs for prompt management and recovery.
Validation of optic nerve sheath diameter as a bedside noninvasive tool in comparison with lumbar puncture opening pressure in patients suspected of elevated intracranial pressure
Authors: Nady Amir , El Maraghy Sameh , Sabry Sherif , Mahmoud Hamdy 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) compared with lumbar puncture opening pressure (LPOP) and computed tomography in diagnosing elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) for critically ill patients. Moreover, the study evaluated the diagnostic ability of ONSD as a screening test for cerebral edema.

Background
Recently, linear relationships have been detected between ICP and ONSD, proposing ultrasound measurements as a possible noninvasive method.

Patients and methods
The authors performed a prospective study that included 50 patients with disturbed consciousness of unknown etiology, who were admitted to the ICUs at Beni-Suef University hospital during the period from September 2017 to September 2019. ONSD was measured by ultrasonography.

Results
Measurement of the right ONSD was 0.62±0.084 cm, whereas measurement of the left ONSD was 0.61±0.083 cm. The mean of two eyes was 0.61±0.09 cm, and the LPOP was 19.96±4.69 cmH2O. Overall, 36 (72%) patients had ONSD greater than 0.6 cm. Besides, 31 (62%) patients had LPOP greater than 20 cmH2O. There was a significant positive correlation between average ONSD and LPOP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that ONSD greater than 0.6 cm had a diagnostic value of elevated ICP with an area under the curve of 0.872 (95% confidence interval: 0.646–0.936) with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 77%, with P-value of 0.001. ROC curve analysis was used for prediction of increased ICP using average ONSD compared with CT where the ROC curve showed that ONSD greater than 0.6 cm had a diagnostic value with an area under the curve of 0.606 (95% confidence interval: 0.51–0.72) with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 56%, with P-value of 0.028.

Conclusions
ONSD is significant in prediction of elevated ICP, with a good positive correlation with LPOP as a gold standard reference.
Hemodynamic optimization protocol using ventricular arterial coupling-guided approach for critically ill patients with septic shock (HEMOVACS)
Authors: Elmorsy Amr A. , Elweshahi Heba M.T. , Assaad Hany S.H. , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed F.M. , Beshey Bassem N. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Septic shock is considered as a subset of sepsis in which there is marked cellular and circulatory impairment that is associated with higher mortality. It is important to differentiate septic shock from cardiovascular dysfunction and to recognize the effects of cellular abnormalities. The task force stated that there is an agreement that patients who develop septic shock are predicted to have more severe illness with a higher percentage of mortality than having sepsis alone.

Objective
To evaluate the use of a hemodynamic optimization protocol using a ventricular arterial coupling-guided approach for critically ill patients with septic shock.

Patients and methods
This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 adult patients who were admitted to the units of the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alexandria Main University Hospital, with a diagnosis of septic shock requiring mechanical ventilation for 6 months from January 1, to the June 30, 2019.

Results
The results of this study demonstrated significant hemodynamic improvement for the HEMOVACS group. This was illustrated by an increase in mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output and a decline in serum lactate without an effect on 28-day mortality. The effect of applying the HEMOVACS protocol was preliminarily encouraging, although it was applied for only a single time, at the time of diagnosis.

Conclusion
Early initiation of this protocol at the time of diagnosing septic shock and for follow-up and monitoring may provide better outcomes for patients with septic shock.