bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical evolution of formation waters responsible for sandstone bleaching and ore mineralization in the Paradox Basin, Colorado Plateau, USA
Authors: Kim Ji-Hyun , Bailey Lydia , Noyes Chandler , Tyne Rebecca L. , Ballentine Chris J. , Person Mark , Ma Lin , Barton Mark , Barton Isabel , Reiners Peter W. , Ferguson Grant , McIntosh Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Paradox Basin in the Colorado Plateau (USA) has some of the most iconic records of paleofluid flow, including sandstone bleaching and ore mineralization, and hydrocarbon, CO2, and He reservoirs, yet the sources of fluids responsible for these extensive fluid-rock reactions are highly debated. This study, for the first time, characterizes fluids within the basin to constrain the sources and emergent behavior of paleofluid flow resulting in the iconic rock records. Major ion and isotopic (δ18Owater; δDwater; δ18OSO4; δ34SSO4; δ34SH2S; 87Sr/86Sr) signatures of formation waters were used to evaluate the distribution and sources of fluids and water-rock interactions by comparison with the rock record. There are two sources of salinity in basinal fluids: (1) diagenetically altered highly evaporated paleo-seawater-derived brines associated with the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation evaporites; and (2) dissolution of evaporites by topographically driven meteoric circulation. Fresh to brackish groundwater in the shallow Cretaceous Burro Canyon Formation contains low Cu and high SO4 concentrations and shows oxidation of sulfides by meteoric water, while U concentrations are higher than within other formation waters. Deeper brines in the Pennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation were derived from evaporated paleo-seawater mixed with meteoric water that oxidized sulfides and dissolved gypsum and have high 87Sr/86Sr indicating interaction with radiogenic siliciclastic minerals. Upward migration of reduced (hydrocarbon- and H2S-bearing) saline fluids from the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation along faults likely bleached sandstones in shallower sediments and provided a reduced trap for later Cu and U deposition. The distribution of existing fluids in the Paradox Basin provides important constraints to understand the rock record over geological time.
Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic tectonic transition in northeastern Eurasia: Constraints from two island arc magmatic belts in eastern NE China
Authors: Li Gong-Yu , Zhou Jian-Bo , Li Long , Chen Zhuo , Wang Hong-Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the Paleozoic, the tectonic evolutionary process of eastern Eurasia has been affected by at least three paleo-ocean regimes: the Paleo-Asian Ocean, the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. However, the tectonic transition among these ocean regimes is not well understood. Recently, the Heilongjiang Ocean was proposed to play an important role during the transition from the Paleo-Asian Ocean regime to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean (and later the Paleo-Pacific Ocean) regime. Here we report on a new combined study of petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data of biotite–plagioclase gneisses from the Qinglongcun Complex in the west Jiamusi-Khanka Block to better understand the tectonic evolution during this transition period. The results show that the protoliths of these biotite–plagioclase gneisses are medium-K calcalkaline rhyolites that were derived from a volcanic island arc environment related to paleo-oceanic subduction that occurred at ca. 260 Ma. Integrated with previous studies of the Permian arc-affinity rocks within the Jiamusi-Khanka Block, we identified two island arc magmatic belts with ages of ca. 290 Ma and ca. 260 Ma at the east and west margins of Jiamusi-Khanka Block, respectively. The east island arc magmatic belt was related to subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean during the Early–middle Permian, which provided a driving force for the opening of the Heilongjiang Ocean. Subduction of the Heilongjiang Ocean during the middle–Late Permian resulted in the west arc island magmatic belt. These two belts provide key evidence for understanding the tectonic transition from the Paleo-Asian Ocean to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean to the Paleo-Pacific Ocean during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic.
Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis with D-dimer adjusted to clinical probability: prospective diagnostic management study
Authors: Kearon Clive , de Wit Kerstin , Parpia Sameer , Schulman Sam , Spencer Frederick A , Sharma Sangita , Afilalo Marc , Kahn Susan R , Le Gal Gregoire , Shivakumar Sudeep , Bates Shannon M , Wu Cynthia , Lazo-Langner Alejandro , D'Aragon Frédérick , Deshaies Jean-François , Spadafora Luciana , Julian Jim A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficiency of a diagnostic algorithm for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that uses clinical pretest probability based D-dimer thresholds to exclude DVT.DesignProspective diagnostic management study.SettingUniversity based emergency departments or outpatient clinics in Canada.ParticipantsPatients with symptoms or signs of DVT.InterventionDVT was considered excluded without further testing by Wells low clinical pretest probability and D-dimer <1000 ng/mL or Wells moderate clinical pretest probability and D-dimer <500 ng/mL. All other patients had proximal ultrasound imaging. Repeat proximal ultrasonography was restricted to patients with initially negative ultrasonography, low or moderate clinical pretest probability, and D-dimer >3000 ng/mL or high clinical pretest probability and D-dimer >1500 ng/mL. If DVT was not diagnosed, patients did not receive anticoagulant treatment.Main outcome measureSymptomatic venous thromboembolism at three months.Results1508 patients were enrolled and analysed, of whom 173 (11.5%) had DVT on scheduled diagnostic testing. Of the 1275 patients with no proximal DVT on scheduled testing who did not receive anticoagulant treatment, eight (0.6%, 95% confidence interval 0.3% to 1.2%) were found to have venous thromboembolism during follow-up. Compared with a traditional DVT testing strategy, this diagnostic approach reduced the need for ultrasonography from a mean of 1.36 scans/patient to 0.72 scans/patient (difference −0.64, 95% confidence interval −0.68 to −0.60), corresponding to a relative reduction of 47%.ConclusionsThe diagnostic strategy using a combination of clinical pretest probability and D-dimer identified a group of patients at low risk for DVT during follow-up while substantially reducing the need for ultrasound imaging.RegistrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02038530.
Prognostic effects of health-related quality of life at baseline and early change in health-related quality of life on response to treatment and survival in patients with advanced lung cancer: a prospective observational study in China
Authors: Liu Jiali , Ma Yuxiang , Gao Ruizhen , Liu Xia , Wang Yalan , Yu Juan , Zhan Jianhua , Huang Yan , Qin Huiyin , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship among baseline health-related quality of life (HRQoL), early changes in HRQoL from baseline to completion of the first cycle of chemotherapy, and prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer.DesignThis was a prospective, observational study.SettingThe study was conducted in a national cancer centre in South China.ParticipantsA total of 243 patients with chemo-naïve with advanced lung cancer were enrolled.InterventionNone.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung was used to assess HRQoL at baseline and at the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy. The Trial Outcome Index (TOI) and Lung Cancer Scale (LCS) were calculated as predictive indicators. Response to treatment was evaluated as per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1. Survival data were gathered from follow-up to September 2019.ResultsPatients with 5-point or greater decreases in TOI (65% vs 48%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=2.19, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.41) or 2-point or greater decreases in LCS (72% vs 48%, aRR=3.29, 95% CI 1.50 to 7.22) from baseline to completion of the first cycle of chemotherapy were more likely to show stable or progressive disease than those whose HRQoL had improved. Baseline TOI ≤54 (80.0% vs 69.9%, adjusted hazard risk (aHR)=1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.84) and LCS ≤21 (77.6% vs 72.5%, aHR=1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.83) were associated with higher risk for death compared with TOI>54 and LCS>21. Area under the curve analysis indicated that early changes in LCS and baseline LCS scores could better predict response to treatment and overall survival than the corresponding TOI values.ConclusionsHigher pretreatment HRQoL scores could predict longer survival, while declining HRQoL values could predict unfavourable treatment outcome among patients with advanced lung cancer. The use of the LCS is recommended for the routine collection of patient-reported HRQoL.Trial registration numberNCT01914120.
Process evaluation of peer-to-peer delivery of HIV self-testing and sexual health information to support HIV prevention among youth in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: qualitative analysis
Authors: Adeagbo Oluwafemi Atanda , Seeley Janet , Gumede Dumsani , Xulu Sibongiseni , Dlamini Nondumiso , Luthuli Manono , Dreyer Jaco , Herbst Carina , Cowan F , Chimbindi Natsayi , Hatzold Karin , Okesola Nonhlanhla , Johnson Cheryl , Harling Guy , Subedar Hasina , Sherr Lorraine , McGrath Nuala , Corbett Liz , Shahmanesh Maryam 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivePeer-to-peer (PTP) HIV self-testing (HIVST) distribution models can increase uptake of HIV testing and potentially create demand for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We describe the acceptability and experiences of young women and men participating in a cluster randomised trial of PTP HIVST distribution and antiretroviral/PrEP promotion in rural KwaZulu-Natal.MethodsBetween March and September 2019, 24 pairs of trained peer navigators were randomised to two approaches to distribute HIVST packs (kits+HIV prevention information): incentivised-peer-networks where peer-age friends distributed packs within their social network for a small incentive, or direct distribution where peer navigators distributed HIVST packs directly. Standard-of-care peer navigators distributed information without HIVST kits. For the process evaluation, we conducted semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled young women (n=30) and men (n=15) aged 18–29 years from all arms. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded manually and thematically analysed using an interpretivist approach.ResultsOverall, PTP approaches were acceptable and valued by young people. Participants were comfortable sharing sexual health issues they would not share with adults. Coupled with HIVST, peer (friends) support facilitated HIV testing and solidarity for HIV status disclosure and treatment. However, some young people showed limited interest in other sexual health information provided. Some young people were wary of receiving health information from friends perceived as non-professionals while others avoided sharing personal issues with peer navigators from their community. Referral slips and youth-friendly clinics were facilitators to PrEP uptake. Family disapproval, limited information, daily pills and perceived risks were major barriers to PrEP uptake.ConclusionBoth professional (peer navigators) and social network (friends) approaches were acceptable methods to receive HIVST and sexual health information. Doubts about the professionalism of friends and overly exclusive focus on HIVST information materials may in part explain why HIVST kits, without peer navigators support, did not create demand for PrEP.
Healthy food prescription incentive programme for adults with type 2 diabetes who are experiencing food insecurity: protocol for a randomised controlled trial, modelling and implementation studies
Authors: Olstad Dana Lee , Beall Reed , Spackman Eldon , Dunn Sharlette , Lipscombe Lorraine L , Williams Kienan , Oster Richard , Scott Sara , Zimmermann Gabrielle L , McBrien Kerry A , Steer Kieran J D , Chan Catherine B , Tyminski Sheila , Berkowitz Seth , Edwards Alun L , Saunders-Smith Terry , Tariq Saania , Popeski Naomi , White Laura , Williamson Tyler , L'Abbé Mary , Raine Kim D , Nejatinamini Sara , Naser Aruba , Basualdo-Hammond Carlota , Norris Colleen , O’Connell Petra , Seidel Judy , Lewanczuk Richard , Cabaj Jason , Campbell David J T 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe high cost of many healthy foods poses a challenge to maintaining optimal blood glucose levels for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are experiencing food insecurity, leading to diabetes complications and excess acute care usage and costs. Healthy food prescription programmes may reduce food insecurity and support patients to improve their diet quality, prevent diabetes complications and avoid acute care use. We will use a type 2 hybrid-effectiveness design to examine the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) of a healthy food prescription incentive programme for adults experiencing food insecurity and persistent hyperglycaemia. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) will investigate programme effectiveness via impact on glycosylated haemoglobin (primary outcome), food insecurity, diet quality and other clinical and patient-reported outcomes. A modelling study will estimate longer-term programme effectiveness in reducing diabetes-related complications, resource use and costs. An implementation study will examine all RE-AIM domains to understand determinants of effective implementation and reasons behind programme successes and failures.Methods and analysis594 adults who are experiencing food insecurity and persistent hyperglycaemia will be randomised to a healthy food prescription incentive (n=297) or a healthy food prescription comparison group (n=297). Both groups will receive a healthy food prescription. The incentive group will additionally receive a weekly incentive (CDN$10.50/household member) to purchase healthy foods in supermarkets for 6 months. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and follow-up (6 months) in the RCT and analysed using mixed-effects regression. Longer-term outcomes will be modelled using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study outcomes simulation model-2. Implementation processes and outcomes will be continuously measured via quantitative and qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Calgary and the University of Alberta. Findings will be disseminated through reports, lay summaries, policy briefs, academic publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04725630.Protocol versionVersion 1.1; February 2022
Respiratory and circulatory insufficiency during emergent long-distance critical care interhospital transports to tertiary care in a sparsely populated region: a retrospective analysis of late mortality risk
Authors: Fredriksson Sundbom Marcus , Sangfelt Amalia , Lindgren Emma , Nyström Helena , Johansson Göran , Brändström Helge , Haney Michael 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo test if impaired oxygenation or major haemodynamic instability at the time of emergency intensive care transport, from a smaller admitting hospital to a tertiary care centre, are predictors of long-term mortality.DesignRetrospective observational study. Impaired oxygenation was defined as oxyhaemoglobin %–inspired oxygen fraction ratio (S/F ratio)<100. Major haemodynamic instability was defined as a need for treatment with norepinephrine infusion to sustain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at or above 60 mm Hg or having a mean MAP <60. Logistic regression was used to assess mortality risk with impaired oxygenation or major haemodynamic instability.SettingSparsely populated Northern Sweden. A fixed-wing interhospital air ambulance system for critical care serving 900 000 inhabitants.ParticipantsIntensive care cases transported in fixed-wing air ambulance from outlying hospitals to a regional tertiary care centre during 2000–2016 for adults (16 years old or older). 2142 cases were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAll-cause mortality at 3 months after transport was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality at 1 and 7 days, 1, 6 and 12 months.ResultsS/F ratio <100 was associated with increased mortality risk compared with S/F>300 at all time-points, with adjusted OR 6.3 (2.5 to 15.5, p<0.001) at 3 months. Major haemodynamic instability during intensive care unit (ICU) transport was associated with increased adjusted OR of all-cause mortality at 3 months with OR 2.5 (1.8 to 3.5, p<0.001).ConclusionMajor impairment of oxygenation and/or major haemodynamic instability at the time of ICU transport to get to urgent tertiary intervention is strongly associated with increased mortality risk at 3 months in this cohort. These findings support the conclusion that these conditions are markers for many fold increase in risk for death notable already at 3 months after transport for patients with these conditions.
Association among the exposure to giving knowledge, attitude and practice for handwashing in people residing in Seoul, South Korea: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Jayeun , Yoon Kyuhyun 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesHandwashing is known as the most preventive method for various infectious diseases. Health authorities have conducted various campaigns and public relations targeting the general population but few evaluations of these long-term interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association between experience of educational events or public relations (EXEP), attitude towards the effectiveness of handwashing (AEHW) and handwashing practice (HWP).SettingUsing a population-based cross-sectional study with a complex sample design, we explored the response outcomes of handwashing. Those outcomes were collected biennially using Community Health Survey among the years 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019. We applied multivariate logistic regression for the association among sociodemographic factors, health conditions, EXEP, AEHW and HWP.ParticipantsTotal participants residing in Seoul were 23 139 (men 44.2%), 23 004 (men 44.4%), 22 955 (men 44.8%) and 22 930 (men 43.9%), in 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019, respectively.ResultsOverall, participants with EXEP are more likely to be women, aged between the 30s and 60s, and with a higher educational level. Particularly, participants with EXEP had an increased association with HWP (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.33) and AEHW (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.63). In addition, AEHW also had an increased association with HWP (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.81). The mediated effect of AEHW to HWP is not determined evidently.ConclusionThe results showed that EXEP is positively associated with HWP and AEHW among community-dwelling people. Our results confirm that educational activity can lead to more pronounced behavioural changes only when it forms a positive attitude.
‘Mindfulness Living with Insomnia’: an mHealth intervention for individuals with insomnia in China: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pan Chen , Tie Bingyu , Yuwen Weichao , Su Xiaoyou , Deng Yunlong , Ma Xin , Wu Yan , Liao Yanhui , Kong Luya , Zhang Yutao , Li Ziwan , Pan Qinghua , Tang Qiuping 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInsomnia has a remarkably negative effect on the work, quality of life and psychosomatic health of individuals, and imposes a substantial economic burden on society. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have proven beneficial in the treatment of insomnia. However, the effect of mobile or online-based (mHealth) MBIs requires further verification. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of an mHealth MBI, ‘Mindful Living with Insomnia’ (MLWI), relative to that of mHealth cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I).Methods and analysisThe study is an mHealth, randomised controlled trial. Two hundred and fifty participants will be allocated randomly and equally to either the MLWI or CBT-I group. The intervention will involve 12 sessions over a 6-week course, with 2, 30 min sessions per week. The primary outcomes are sleep quality, severity of insomnia symptoms and sleep activity, according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index and sleep tracker Mi Smart Band, respectively. The secondary outcomes are perceived stress, anxiety, depression and mindfulness. Outcomes will be evaluated at the baseline, end of the intervention period and at the 3-month follow-up. Data analyses will include covariance, regression analysis, χ2, t-test and Pearson’s correlations. Participants will be recruited from January to June 2022, or until the recruitment process is complete. The follow-up will be completed in December 2022. All trial results should be available by the end of December 2022.Ethics and disseminationFull approval for this study has been obtained from the Ethics Committee at The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (21010). Study results will be disseminated via social media and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT04806009.
Hospital bed occupancy rate is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 inpatient mortality: a pandemic epicentre cohort study
Authors: Castagna Francesco , Xue Xiaonan , Saeed Omar , Kataria Rachna , Puius Yoram A , Patel Snehal R , Garcia Mario J , Racine Andrew D , Sims Daniel B , Jorde Ulrich P 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 first struck New York City in the spring of 2020, resulting in an unprecedented strain on our healthcare system and triggering multiple changes in public health policy governing hospital operations as well as therapeutic approaches to COVID-19. We examined inpatient mortality at our centre throughout the course of the pandemic.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of clinical characteristics, treatments and outcome data of all patients admitted with COVID-19 from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021. Patients were grouped into 3-month quartiles. Hospital strain was assessed as per cent of occupied beds based on a normal bed capacity of 1491.ResultsInpatient mortality decreased from 25.0% in spring to 10.8% over the course of the year. During this time, use of remdesivir, steroids and anticoagulants increased; use of hydroxychloroquine and other antibiotics decreased. Daily bed occupancy ranged from 62% to 118%. In a multivariate model with all year’s data controlling for demographics, comorbidities and acuity of illness, percentage of bed occupancy was associated with increased 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 (0.7% mortality increase for each 1% increase in bed occupancy; HR 1.007, CI 1.001 to 1.013, p=0.004)ConclusionInpatient mortality from COVID-19 was associated with bed occupancy. Early reduction in epicentre hospital bed occupancy to accommodate acutely ill and resource-intensive patients should be a critical component in the strategic planning for future pandemics.