bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A shift to something better? A longitudinal study of work schedule and prescribed sleep medication use in nurses
Authors: Forthun Ingeborg , Waage Siri , Pallesen Staale , Moen Bente Elisabeth , Bjorvatn Bjørn 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo explore whether a change in work schedule was associated with a change in the probability of prescribed sleep medication use.MethodsA longitudinal study with annual questionnaire data (2008/2009–2021, except 2019) on work schedule (day work only, shift work without nights and shift work with nights) and prescribed sleep medication use from 2028 Norwegian nurses (mean age 31.7 years, 90.5% women at baseline) who participated in the ongoing Survey of Shift work, Sleep and Health (SUSSH). Associations were estimated using a random effects model, and a fixed effects regression model in which nurses were included as their own control to account for potential unobserved confounding.ResultsIn both models, day work was associated with a more than 50% lower probability of sleep medication use compared with shift work with nights (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.93 in the random effects model, and an aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.70 in the fixed effects regression model). Shift work without nights was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in sleep medication use within nurses in the fixed effects regression model when compared with shift work with nights (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.20).ConclusionsDay work was associated with a significant reduced probability of prescribed sleep medication use compared with shift work with nights. This indicates that quitting night work will improve sleep and thereby reduce hypnotic use.
Authority in tobacco control in Pacific Small Island Developing States: a qualitative study of multisectoral tobacco governance in Fiji and Vanuatu
Authors: Patay Dori , Schram Ashley , Collin Jeff , Sell Susan , Friel Sharon 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) struggle with implementing multisectoral tobacco control measures, and health sector actors often lack capacity to forge multisectoral commitment. This study aims to explore the sources and dynamics of authority that can enable multisectoral collaboration despite the divergence of policy agendas in tobacco control.MethodsWe applied a qualitative, explorative case study design, with data collection and analysis guided by an analytical framework that identifies sources and dynamics of authority. Seventy interviews were conducted in Fiji and Vanuatu between 2018 and 2019.ResultsThe key features shaping multisectoral coordination for tobacco control in Fiji and Vanuatu are the expert, institutional, capacity-based and legal authority that state and non-state actors have in tobacco governance. The amount of authority actors can secure from these sources was shown to be influenced by their performance (perceived or real), the discourse around tobacco control, the existing legal tools and their strategic alliances. SIDS vulnerabilities, arising from small size, isolation and developing economies, facilitate an economic growth discourse that reduces health sector actors’ authority and empowers protobacco actors to drive tobacco governance.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need for terms of engagement with the tobacco industry to enable governments to implement multisectoral tobacco control measures. Expanding assistance on tobacco control among government and civil society actors and increasing messaging about the impact of economic, trade and agricultural practices on health are essential to help SIDS implement the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Shared Responsibility Decreases the Sense of Agency in the Human Brain
Authors: El Zein Marwa , Dolan Ray J. , Bahrami Bahador 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sharing responsibility in social decision-making helps individuals use the flexibility of the collective context to benefit themselves by claiming credit for good outcomes or avoiding the blame for bad outcomes. Using magnetoencephalography, we examined the neuronal basis of the impact that social context has on this flexible sense of responsibility. Participants performed a gambling task in various social contexts and reported feeling less responsibility when playing as a member of a team. A reduced magnetoencephalography outcome processing effect was observed as a function of decreasing responsibility at 200 msec post outcome onset and was centered over parietal, central, and frontal brain regions. Before outcome revelation in socially made decisions, an attenuated motor preparation signature at 500 msec after stimulus onset was found. A boost in reported responsibility for positive outcomes in social contexts was associated with increased activity in regions related to social and reward processing. Together, these results show that sharing responsibility with others reduces agency, influencing pre-outcome motor preparation and post-outcome processing, and provides opportunities to flexibly claim credit for positive outcomes.
Differential Latencies Sculpt the Time Course of Contextual Effects on Spatial Perception
Authors: Peterson Jeffrey M. , Dassonville Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability to judge an object's orientation with respect to gravitational vertical relies on an egocentric reference frame that is maintained using not only vestibular cues but also contextual cues provided in the visual scene. Although much is known about how static contextual cues are incorporated into the egocentric reference frame, it is also important to understand how changes in these cues affect perception, since we move about in a world that is itself dynamic. To explore these temporal factors, we used a variant of the rod-and-frame illusion, in which participants indicated the perceived orientation of a briefly flashed rod (5-msec duration) presented before or after the onset of a tilted frame. The frame was found to bias the perceived orientation of rods presented as much as 185 msec before frame onset. To explain this postdictive effect, we propose a differential latency model, where the latency of the orientation judgment is greater than the latency of the contextual cues' initial impact on the egocentric reference frame. In a subsequent test of this model, we decreased the luminance of the rod, which is known to increase visual afferent delays and slow decision processes. This further slowing of the orientation judgment caused the frame-induced bias to affect the perceived orientation of rods presented even further in advance of the frame. These findings indicate that the brain fails to compensate for a mismatch between the timing of orientation judgments and the incorporation of visual cues into the egocentric reference frame.
Intertemporal Consumption with Risk: A Revealed Preference Analysis
Authors: Lanier Joshua , Miao Bin , Quah John K.-H. , Zhong Songfa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We run an experiment to elicit preferences over state-contingent timed payouts. We analyze the data using a new revealed preference method (building on Nishimura et al., 2017) that can test for consistency with utility functions that increase with a given preorder. We find that correlation neutrality, a property implied by discounted expected utility, is widely violated and there is, instead, strong evidence of intertemporal correlation averse behavior. Our results suggest that utility is not additive across both states and time and that credible models of choice need to allow people to prefer negative correlation in timed payouts.
The Vagaries of the Sea: Evidence on the Real Effects of Money from Maritime Disasters in the Spanish Empire
Authors: Brzezinski Adam , Chen Yao , Palma Nuno , Ward Felix 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We estimate the effect of money supply changes on the real economy by exploiting a recurring natural experiment: maritime disasters in the Spanish Empire (1531–1810) that resulted in the loss of substantial amounts of silver money. We find that negative money supply shocks caused Spanish real output to decline. A transmission channel analysis highlights slow price adjustments and credit frictions as mechanisms through which money supply changes affected the real economy. Especially large output declines occurred in textile manufacturing against the backdrop of a credit crunch that impaired merchants’ ability to supply their manufacturers with inputs.
Theorizing the Normative Significance of Critical Histories for International Law
Authors: Cueni Damian , Queloz Matthieu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Though recent years have seen a proliferation of critical histories of international law, their normative significance remains under-theorized, especially from the perspective of general readers rather than writers of such histories. How do critical histories of international law acquire their normative significance? And how should one react to them? We distinguish three ways in which critical histories can be normatively significant: (i) by undermining the overt or covert conceptions of history embedded within present practices in support of their authority; (ii) by disappointing the normative expectations that regulate people’s reactions to critical histories; and (iii) by revealing continuities and discontinuities in the functions that our practices serve. By giving us a theoretical grip on the different ways in which history can be normatively significant and call for different reactions, this account helps us think about the overall normative significance of critical histories and how one and the same critical history can pull us in different directions.
The Esoteric Meaning of the Sin of Adam in the Manuscript Tradition of the Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ
Authors: Baffioni Carmela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with an addition to Epistle 50 of the Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ (Brethren of Purity) “On the Quantity and the Quality of the Species of [Proper] Attitude” in the Turkish MS Esad Efendi 3638 (1287 AD). One of the main topics of this addition is Adam – conceived as the progenitor of humankind, the first prophet, the Active Intellect, the rational human soul, and the imām. Adam’s disobedience and fall is seen as a symbol of the “cosmic drama” from which originated the sub-lunar world, and the Final Judgement. The passages of the addition concerning Adam are compared with the representation of Adam in the Risāla al-Ǧāmiʿa, the “crown” of the Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ. The common contents lead to the hypothesis that the addition was a sort of “abridgement” on the ideas about Adam stated in the Ǧāmiʿa and may confirm an esoteric reading of the encyclopaedia of the Iḫwan al-Ṣafāʾ.
La faute de grammaire entendue comme mal et le mal de la faute de grammaire dans le Taṯqīf al-lisān de Ibn Makkī al-Ṣiqillī
Authors: Spallino Patrizia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Taṯqīf al-lisān wa talqīḥ al-ǧanān by the grammarian and linguist, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar Ibn Ḫalaf Ibn Makkī al-Ḥamīrī al-Māzirī al-Ṣiqillī, is an example of the Arabic language spoken in 10th-century Sicily, when the island was an Islamic Emirate. In its 50 chapters, the treaty lists grammatical errors made by Sicilians whether common people (al-ʿāmma) or cultivated speakers (al-muḫaṣṣiṣūn). The typology of this treatise falls within those classified as laḥn al-ʿāmma, a field of linguistic science that is dedicated to correcting forms that deviate from the grammar rules of the standard language accepted by grammarians and lexicographers. This study will focus on two chapters concerning the incorrectness in the recitation of the Qur’an and in the transmission of aḥādīṯ. The study aims at analyzing the grammatical error concerning the sacred language and the Sunna that can lead to misunderstanding or misinterpretation of Islamic doctrines.
Sins and Sinners in Isma‘ili Thought: Some Examples from the Qarmatian and Tayyibi Traditions
Authors: Straface Antonella 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present paper aims to show the views on sin according to some Isma‘ili works that I have analysed in my previous researches and that belong to the Qarmatian and Fatimid-Tayyibi traditions. The study will show that according to the Isma‘ili doctrine the problem of sin, which mainly concerns disobedience to God, also included any human act of rebellion against God’s Will, such as not recognizing the centrality of the imam’s function and the institution of the imamate.
A Systematization of Gender Studies in and on the Middle East: Challenges and New Perspectives of Social Theory
Authors: Tarantino Marta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe International Women’s Year of 1975 promoted by United Nations represents a moment of realization on the urgency to address gender equality globally and to include in the discussions all those countries of Global South that for decades had been marginalized and declassified to a “third world” position with respect to the alleged advanced West. Taking this moment as focal point of discussion, the present article aims at pinpointing mark roundings and crucial events for the history and development of gender studies in and on the Middle East, in particular by taking into account the scientific and fictional literature production of feminists and women studies in the Middle Eastern and North African region. Starting from a deep insight on the issues connecting the Western born suffragist movement to the instances promoted by first feminists in theMENA, the systematization here proposed traces a line from late 19th century until today, with the aim of individuating common grounds, transnational challenges and shifts in civil society requests as well as of understanding how all these elements affected and steered the following production both in and out the academic background. Finally, starting from recent disciplines of men, queer andLGBTQ+ studies and their presence as engaging objects of investigation within the region, contemporary pathways undertaken by scholars, activists and artists, both locally and globally, will be employed as theoretical background to grasp and dissect modern transformations occurring to private and public gender relationships in the Arab-Muslim context.
Pattern of Wintertime Southern Rainfall and Northern Pollution over Eastern China: The Role of the Strong Eastern Pacific El Niño
Authors: An Xiadong , Wang Fei , Sheng Lifang , Li Chun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Air quality over the North China Plain (NCP) and rainfall over southern China exhibit robust and correlated interannual variations during winter from 1979 to 2018. A correlation coefficient of 0.7 between the PM2.5 concentration over the NCP and rainfall in southern China indicates that poor air quality and rainfall are linked (referred to as the south rainfall–north pollution pattern), which is likely due to the strong eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño. In the mature phase of the strong EP El Niño, the Northeast Asian anomalous anticyclone (NAAA) is strengthened by two Rossby wave trains modulated by warmer sea surface temperatures. One wave train is directly related to the strong EP El Niño and originates in the tropical eastern Pacific, propagating eastward to East Asia along the middle and high latitudes, which weakens the Ural ridge and strengthens the NAAA. The other wave train is derived from the northern Indian Ocean and propagates into East Asia along the great circle route, which strengthens an anomalous cyclone in southern China and the NAAA. This results in an anomalous horizontal trough of 850 hPa being captured in eastern China at ∼30°N. The southwesterly flow along the southern margin of the trough transports abundant moisture to southern China, which leads to heavy rainfall in southern China combined with an anomalous ascending motion related to the anomalous cyclone. The southeasterly flow to the north of the trough weakens the East Asia winter monsoon due to a weakened Ural ridge, which then leads to a high PM2.5 concentrations over the NCP with the help of an anomalous descending motion related to the NAAA.
Effect of myasthenia gravis on the surgical outcomes of patients with thymoma
Authors: Miura Kenji , Doi Takefumi , Tanaka Yugo , Hokka Daisuke , Jimbo Naoe , Itoh Tomoo , Maniwa Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2022

Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome in thymoma. However, the association between MG and postoperative outcomes is controversial. Therefore, we examined the effect of MG on the surgical outcomes of patients with thymoma. Methods This study enrolled 145 consecutive patients with thymoma who underwent surgical resection at our institution between January 2000 and December 2020. The patients were classified into thymoma with MG (MG group) and without MG (non-MG group). Data about characteristics of patients, surgical outcomes, and prognostic factors were compared between the two groups. Results Of 145 patients, 47 (32%) presented with MG and 98 (68%) did not. There was no significant difference in terms of the incidence of postoperative complications, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the two groups. The deaths were not caused by thymoma. Among the patients aged >60 years, the MG group had a lower survival rate than the non-MG group. In the univariate analysis, age ≥60 years was a poor prognostic factor for OS, whereas in the multivariate analysis, Masaoka stage III and IV classifications were poor prognostic factors for RFS. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between patients with thymoma and without MG. In the MG group, age ≥60 years was a poor prognostic factor for OS. The postoperative follow-up of patients aged ≥60 years with thymoma with MG should focus on not only recurrence but also progression of diseases other than thymoma.
Non-invasive cooling wear as an effective means of reducing subcutaneous adipose tissue mass: an in-vivo study
Authors: Luze Hanna , Hecker Andrzej , Nischwitz Sebastian Philipp , Schellnegger Marlies , Kohlhauser Michael , Draschl Alexander , Müllegger Clemens , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Kotzbeck Petra 
Published: July 2022

Objective The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Several non-surgical treatments are now available that reduce body and subcutaneous fat mass. We aimed to determine the efficacy of mild cold for body mass reduction. Methods Novel cooling wear, which induces mild cooling via evaporation, was worn by 29 women with overweight for 4 weeks. Specifically, the participants wore a cooling waist belt and chaps for 1 hour per day. Non-invasive lipometry was used to determine their subcutaneous adipose tissue thicknesses, and the total weight loss, abdominal circumference, and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were measured. Results The participants achieved a significant total weight loss of 0.7 kg (0.9%), and significant reductions in BMI (0.2 kg/m2) and abdominal circumference (1.9 cm, 1.7%). Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and a significant reduction in thickness of the anterior thigh was noted. A questionnaire-based evaluation indicated high usability and comfort of the cooling wear. Conclusion There is a high and growing demand for non-invasive treatment strategies for obesity. Cooling wear represents a novel and promising approach that may be of particular use for individuals who do not require bariatric surgery.
Safety of Combined Use of Ultrasound and Power-Assisted Liposuction in Local Anesthesia
Authors: Sendur Samet , von Waechter-Gniadek Paul , Boeni Roland 
Published: July 2022

Background: Ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL) and power-assisted liposuction (PAL) have been independently shown to homogeneously aspirate higher amounts of fat, better protect tissue, and reduce hematoma formation when compared with standard liposuction (SL). Most liposuction surgeons use either one of these devices. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of combining both methods in local anesthesia in a series of consecutive patients. Materials and Methods: Between March 2020 and March 2022, 956 patients underwent ultrasound UAL, followed by PAL in local anesthesia. There were 623 females and 333 males (mean age = 40.3, range = 21-67 years). Intraoperative and postoperative data were collected, and side-effects were noted. Results: Mean operation time was 83 minutes. There were no severe complications, and no hospitalizations were required. Minor complications included seroma (9), post-liposuction hyperemia (7), and hyperpigmentation (3). Eighteen patients required touch-up. Conclusion: Combining UAL and PAL in local anesthesia shows a safety profile similar to SL, provided these energy devices are used by experienced surgeons. After a learning curve, surgery time is comparable to SL.
The First Tarsometatarsal Joint in Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Wong Liam H. , Chrea Bopha , Atwater Lara C. , Meeker James E. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Lisfranc injuries are among the most debilitating injuries to the foot. Characterization of first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint involvement in Lisfranc injuries is limited. Multiple studies have indicated that this joint is damaged in a variety of Lisfranc injury patterns, but there is sparse information regarding how often and in what form. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of operative Lisfranc fractures from 2010 to 2020 with patients identified by Combined Procedural Terminology codes. Hardcastle and Myerson Lisfranc injury classifications and computed tomography and radiograph characterizations of the first TMT joint were evaluated by 3 foot and ankle fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeons. Radiographic characteristics were collected. Light’s kappa coefficient evaluated interrater reliability for injury classification. Injury mechanism and Lisfranc classification effects on the first TMT joint were further assessed using inferential statistics. Results: Of 71 patients with a Lisfranc injury of which 37 (52%) were high energy, 61 (86%) showed radiographic evidence of first TMT joint injury. A fragment was present in the TMT articular surface in 33 (47%) with median size = 8.7 mm and medial capsular avulsion in n = 25 (35%). Forty-eight patients (68%) had medial/lateral TMT joint incongruence ≥2 mm (median overhang = 4 mm), 21 (30%) had dorsal/plantar incongruence (median overhang = 6 mm). Angulation of TMT articular surfaces ≥5 degrees on the transverse/anteroposterior plane occurred in n = 32 (45%) and in n = 12 (17%) on the sagittal/lateral plane, which significantly differed between classifications ( P = .020). Conclusion: The overwhelming majority of Lisfranc midfoot injuries seen at our tertiary referral center had imaging evidence of damage to the first TMT joint (86%), and the incidence may be higher. The most common patterns of first TMT joint involvement we found were joint incongruity, articular surface fractures, angulation of the articular surfaces, and medial capsular ligament avulsion fractures. A better understanding of injuries to the first TMT joint can help orthopaedic surgeons with diagnosis.