bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited Humoral and Specific T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in PWH With Poor Immune Reconstitution
Authors: Benet Susana , Blanch-Lombarte Oscar , Ainsua-Enrich Erola , Pedreño-Lopez Núria , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Peña Ruth , Jiménez Esther , de la Concepción María Luisa Rodríguez , Ávila Carlos , Cedeño Samandhy , Escribà Tuixent , Romero-Martín Luis , Alarcón-Soto Yovaninna , Rodriguez-Lozano Gabriel Felipe , Miranda Cristina , González Sandra , Bailón Lucía , Blanco Julià , Massanella Marta , Brander Christian , Clotet Bonaventura , Paredes Roger , Esteve María , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Carrillo Jorge , Prado Julia G , Moltó José , Mothe Beatriz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) who had CD4+ T-cell counts &lt;200/µL (HIV&lt;200 group).

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 58 PWH in the HIV&lt;200 group, 36 with CD4+ T-cell counts &gt;500/µL (HIV&gt;500 group), and 33 HIV-1–negative controls (control group). Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S immunoglobulin [Ig] G) and the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD IgG) were quantified before and 4 weeks after the first and the second doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (at week 8). Viral neutralization activity and T-cell responses were also determined.

Results
At week 8, anti-S/anti-RBD IgG responses increased in all groups (P &lt; .001). Median (interquartile range) anti-S and anti-RBD IgG levels at week 8 were 153.6 (26.4–654.9) and 171.9 (61.8–425.8) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL, respectively, in the HIV&lt;200 group, compared with 245.6 (145–824) and 555.8 (166.4–1751) BAU/mL in the HIV&gt;500 group and 274.7 (193.7–680.4) and 281.6 (181–831.8) BAU/mL in controls (P &lt; .05). Neutralizing capacity and specific T-cell immune responses were absent or reduced in 33% of those in the HIV&lt;200 group, compared with 3.7% in the HIV&gt;500 group (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
One-third of PWH with CD4+ T-cell counts &lt;200/µL show low anti-S/anti-RBD IgG levels, reduced in vitro neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2, and no vaccine-induced T cells after receiving coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines.
Residual Humoral Immunity Sustained Over Decades in a Cohort of Vaccinia-Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Chan Conrad E Z , Wong Steven K K , Yazid Nurhidayah Binte M , Ng Oon Tek , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Chan Monica , Howe Hwee Siew , Leo Yee-Sin , Leung Bernard P , Vasoo Shawn S , Young Barnaby E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Serological testing of Singaporeans who received childhood smallpox vaccination found anti-vaccinia IgG binding and neutralizing activity indicating long-term humoral immunity. There was correlation between IgG and neutralizing titers indicating IgG could be used as a surrogate marker for humoral immunity.
In 2019, Singapore experienced a case of imported monkeypox. As with smallpox, disease can be prevented through vaccination, which was mandatory for Singaporean infants until 1981. However, the degree of residual immunity in older vaccinated Singaporeans remains unknown. Sera from individuals born 1946–1984 were therefore tested and those born prior to 1981 were found to have higher anti-vaccinia IgG and neutralizing activity titers. This suggests that protective humoral immunity remains, which could reduce disease severity in an orthopoxvirus outbreak. Correlation between IgG and neutralizing titers was observed indicating that serology could be used as a surrogate marker for immunity.
Metabolism of crown tissue is crucial for drought tolerance and recovery after stress cessation inLolium/Festucaforage grasses
Authors: Perlikowski Dawid , Skirycz Aleksandra , Marczak Łukasz , Lechowicz Katarzyna , Augustyniak Adam , Michaelis Änna , Kosmala Arkadiusz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA process of plant recovery after drought cessation is a complex trait which has not been fully recognized. The most important organ associated with this phenomenon in monocots, including forage grasses, is the crown tissue located between shoots and roots. The crown tissue is a meristematic crossroads for metabolites and other compounds between these two plant organs. Here, for the first time, we present a metabolomic and lipidomic study focused on the crown tissue under drought and recovery in forage grasses, important for agriculture in European temperate regions. The plant materials involve high (HDT) and low drought-tolerant (LDT) genotypes of Festuca arundinacea, and Lolium multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that remodeling patterns of the primary metabolome and lipidome in the crown under drought and recovery were different between HDT and LDT plants. Furthermore, HDT plants accumulated higher contents of primary metabolites under drought in the crown tissue, especially carbohydrates which could function as osmoprotectants and storage materials. On the other hand, LDT plants characterized by higher membranes damage under drought, simultaneously accumulated membrane phospholipids in the crown and possessed the capacity to recover their metabolic functions after stress cessation to the levels observed in HDT plants.
Candida auris and some Candida parapsilosis strains exhibit similar characteristics on CHROMagarTMCandida Plus
Authors: Sasoni Natalia , Maidana Melani , Latorre-Rapela María Gabriela , Morales-Lopez Soraya , Berrio Indira , Gamarra Soledad , Garcia-Effron Guillermo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Candida auris is considered a public health problem because of its resistance and its tendency to cause nosocomial outbreaks. CHROMagarTMCandida Plus has recently been marketed as capable of presumptively identifying C. auris. The objective of this work was to analyze the ability of this new chromogenic medium to differentiate C. auris from other members of the C. haemulonii complex and from other yeasts commonly isolated in clinical practice. A collection of 220 strains including species of the C. haemulonii (n = 83) and C. parapsilosis (n = 80) complexes was studied. The strains were identified by molecular methods and cultured as individual or as mixed aqueous inoculum on CHROMagarTMCandida Plus plates. Colony morphotypes were evaluated at five time points. CHROMagarTMCandida Plus was a helpful tool for presumptive identification for C. auris. Better reading results were obtained after 48 h of incubation at 35°C. It is able to easily differentiate C. auris from other closely related species of the C. haemulonii complex and other yeasts. This chromogenic medium would be also useful as screening and surveillance tool for C. auris colonization. However, we demonstrated that it would be a possible misidentification of C. parapsilosis as C. auris (44.3% showed similar morphotypes). To reduce false positives when it is used in a context of a C. auris outbreak, we propose to supplement the chromogenic medium with 8 μg/ml fluconazole. This modified medium was tested, and it clearly differentiate C. parapsilosis from C. auris.
Detection of 2460 double-lined spectroscopic binary candidates in the LAMOST-MRS using projected rotational velocities and a binary spectral model
Authors: Kovalev Mikhail , Chen Xuefei , Han Zhanwen 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a new method for the detection of double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s) using Vsin i values from spectral fits. The method is tested on synthetic and real spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope Medium Resolution Survey. It can reliably detect SB2 candidates for double-lined binaries with $V \sin {i}_1+V \sin {i}_2\lt 300\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ if the radial velocity separation is large enough. Using this method, we detected 2460 SB2 candidates, 1410 of which are new discoveries. We confirmed the correlation between the radial velocity separation estimated by the binary model and Vsin i0 estimated by the single-star model using the selected sample. Additionally, our method found one new SB2 candidate in open cluster M11.
Spectroscopic study of solar transition region oscillations in the quiet-Sun observed by IRIS using the Si iv spectral line
Authors: Sangal Kartika , Srivastava A K , Kayshap P , Wang T J , González-Avilés J J , Prasad Abhinav 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we use the Si iv 1393.755 Å spectral line observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) in the quiet-Sun (QS) to determine the physical nature of the solar transition region (TR) oscillations. We analyse the properties of these oscillations using wavelet tools (e.g. power, cross-power, coherence, and phase difference) along with the stringent noise model (i.e. power law + constant). We estimate the period of the intensity and Doppler velocity oscillations at each chosen location in the QS and quantify the distribution of the statistically significant power and associated periods in one bright region and two dark regions. In the bright TR region, the mean periods in intensity and velocity are 7 min and 8 min, respectively. In the dark regions, the mean periods in intensity and velocity are 7 min and 5.4 min, respectively. We also estimate the phase difference between the intensity and Doppler velocity oscillations at each location. The statistical distribution of the phase difference is estimated, which peaks at −119° ± 13°, 33° ± 10°, 102° ± 10° in the bright region and at −153° ± 13°, 6° ± 20°, 151° ± 10° in the dark regions. The statistical distribution reveals that the oscillations are caused by propagating slow magneto-acoustic waves encountered with the TR. Some of these locations may also be associated with standing slow waves. Moreover, in the given time domain, several locations exhibit the presence of both propagating and standing oscillations at different frequencies.
Self-regulated AGN feedback of light jets in cool-core galaxy clusters
Authors: Ehlert K , Weinberger R , Pfrommer C , Pakmor R , Springel V 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Heating from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is thought to stabilize cool-core clusters, limiting star formation and cooling flows. We employ radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to model light AGN jet feedback with different accretion modes (Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton and cold accretion) in an idealized Perseus-like cluster. Independent of the probed accretion model, accretion efficiency, jet density and resolution, the cluster self-regulates with central entropies and cooling times consistent with observed cool-core clusters in this non-cosmological setting. We find that increased jet efficiencies lead to more intermittent jet powers and enhanced star formation rates. Our fiducial low-density jets can easily be deflected by orbiting cold gaseous filaments, which redistributes angular momentum and leads to more extended cold gas distributions and isotropic bubble distributions. In comparison to our fiducial low momentum-density jets, high momentum-density jets heat less efficiently and enable the formation of a persistent cold gas disc perpendicular to the jets that is centrally confined. Cavity luminosities measured from our simulations generally reflect the cooling luminosities of the intracluster medium and correspond to averaged jet powers that are relatively insensitive to short periods of low-luminosity jet injection. Cold gas structures in our MHD simulations with low momentum-density jets generally show a variety of morphologies ranging from discy to very extended filamentary structures. In particular, magnetic fields are crucial to inhibit the formation of unrealistically massive cold gas discs by redistributing angular momentum between the hot and cold phases and by fostering the formation of elongated cold filaments that are supported by magnetic pressure.
Real-world Clinical Outcomes of Bebtelovimab and Sotrovimab Treatment of High-risk Persons With Coronavirus Disease 2019 During the Omicron Epoch
Authors: Razonable Raymund R , Tulledge-Scheitel Sidna M , Hanson Sara N , Arndt Richard F , Speicher Leigh L , Seville Teresa A , Larsen Jennifer J , Ganesh Ravindra , O’Horo John C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Antispike monoclonal antibodies are recommended for early treatment of high-risk persons with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, clinical outcomes of their use during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron wave are limited.

Methods
This is a descriptive retrospective study of high-risk adult patients who received treatment with sotrovimab (January 1–March 20, 2022) or bebtelovimab (March 21–April 30, 2022). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who progressed to severe outcome within 30 days after receiving antispike-neutralizing monoclonal antibody infusion.

Results
A total of 3872 high-risk patients (median age, 62.7 years; 41.1% male) with mild to moderate COVID-19 received sotrovimab (n = 2182) or bebtelovimab (n = 1690). Among sotrovimab-treated patients, the most common comorbidities were an immunosuppressed condition (46.7%), hypertension (38.2%), and diabetes (21.2%). The rates of severe outcome, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality were 2.2%, 1.0%, and 0.4%, respectively, after sotrovimab infusion. Among bebtelovimab-treated patients, the most common comorbidities were hypertension (42.7%), diabetes (17.1%), and an immunosuppressed condition (17.0%). The rates of severe disease, ICU admission, and mortality were 1.3%, 0.5%, and 0.2%, respectively, after bebtelovimab infusion. Older age, immunosuppressed status, and several comorbidities were associated with severe disease progression, while COVID-19 vaccination was associated with lower risk. No anaphylaxis was reported during monoclonal antibody infusion.

Conclusions
This real-world analysis of a large cohort of high-risk patients demonstrates low rates of severe disease after treatment with sotrovimab during the era dominated by Omicron B.1.1.529 and after treatment with bebtelovimab during the era dominated by BA.2 and Omicron subvariants.
Pregnancy-Related Tuberculous Meningitis and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Pastick Katelyn A , Kagimu Enock , Dobbin Joanna , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Gakuru Jane , Milln Jack , Nakabuye Betty , Meya David B , Boulware David R , Cresswell Fiona V , Bahr Nathan C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. However, tuberculous meningitis, the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is rarely discussed in pregnancy despite this being a unique period of immune modulation that may predispose women to active disease.

Methods
We identified and described cases of tuberculous meningitis among pregnant or postpartum women screened during meningitis clinical trials in Uganda from 2018 to 2022. We conducted a systematic literature review via PubMed/Medline and Embase for all English-language publications from 1970 to 10 July 2022, to identify additional cases.

Results
We identified 8 cases of pregnancy-related tuberculous meningitis in Ugandan women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 40 additional cases via systematic literature review (none HIV-positive). Of all combined cases, 50% (24/48) were diagnosed postpartum; 50% (24/48) had initial onset during pregnancy, of which 38% (9/24) had worsening of symptoms or disease relapse following pregnancy cessation. Diagnosis was missed or delayed in 33% (16/48) of cases. For those with known outcomes, maternal mortality was 23% (11/48) and fetal/neonatal mortality was 30% (13/44). Of maternal survivors, 30% (11/37) had residual neurologic deficits.

Conclusions
The true incidence of tuberculous meningitis in pregnancy or the postpartum period is unclear but likely underappreciated. To date, nearly all published cases have occurred in HIV-negative or otherwise immunocompetent women. Given the well-described physiological immunosuppression during pregnancy and subsequent reconstitution postpartum, physicians must be aware of tuberculous meningitis and pregnancy-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, especially in countries with a high burden of tuberculosis and in women living with HIV.
Using a Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support System to Reduce the Time to Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Bloodstream Infections: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Chen Chii-Shiang , Huang Tsi-Shu , Lee Susan Shin-Jung , Chien Fu-Chin , Yang Ching-Hsiang , Li Sin-Sian , Hsu Chia-Jung , Sy Cheng Len , Wu Kuan-Sheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Inappropriate antimicrobial use is a crucial determinant of mortality in hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections. Current literature reporting on the impact of clinical decision support systems on optimizing antimicrobial prescription and reducing the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy is limited.

Methods
Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital implemented a hospital-wide, knowledge-based, active-delivery clinical decision support system, named RAPID (Real-time Alert for antimicrobial Prescription from virtual Infectious Diseases experts), to detect whether there was an antimicrobial agent–pathogen mismatch when a blood culture result was positive. Once RAPID determines the current antimicrobials as inappropriate, an alert text message is immediately sent to the clinicians in charge. This study evaluated how RAPID impacted the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy among patients with bloodstream infections.

Results
During the study period, 633 of 11 297 recorded observations (5.6%) were determined as inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. The time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy was significantly shortened after the implementation of RAPID (1.65 vs 2.45 hours, P &lt; .001), especially outside working hours (1.24 vs 6.43 hours, P &lt; .001), in the medical wards (1.40 vs 2.14 hours, P &lt; .001), in participants with candidemia (0.74 vs 5.36 hours, P &lt; .001), and for bacteremia due to non-multidrug-resistant organisms (1.66 vs 2.49 hours, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Using a knowledge-based clinical decision support system to reduce the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy in a real-world scenario is feasible and effective. Our results support the continued use of RAPID.
Added diagnostic yield of temporal artery magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Junek Mats L , Riaz Shaista , Garner Stephanie , Khalidi Nader , Rebello Ryan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Temporal artery magnetic resonance angiography (TAMRA) is a useful tool to investigate possible diagnoses of GCA. As acquired images also reveal other local structures, they may assist in finding alternative diagnoses when assessing for possible GCA. We sought to assess the utility of TAMRA in identifying other significant abnormalities either associated with a diagnosis of GCA or potentially mimicking a clinical presentation of GCA.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at St Joseph’s Healthcare in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada between February 2007 and April 2020 and included patients who underwent TAMRA for a possible diagnosis of GCA. Patient demographics, diagnosis and imaging findings were extracted, and descriptive analysis of findings was performed.

Results
We included 340 individuals who underwent TAMRA for assessment of a potential diagnosis of GCA and had clinical information available; there were 126 (37.1%) diagnoses of GCA. Fourteen (4.1%) patients had findings on TAMRA that demonstrated an alternative diagnosis, findings were predominantly in the temporomandibular joint, orbit and meninges. Eighteen (14.3%) patients with GCA had intracranial vascular changes that were demonstrative of intracranial vasculitis; one stroke was attributed to intracranial GCA.

Conclusions
TAMRA has proven utility in diagnosing GCA, and these data suggest that it also has utility in identifying alternative diagnoses to rule out the disease. Intracranial vasculitis was also seen in 14.3% of patients; the clinical impact of these findings is currently poorly understood and requires further study.
Who are the “Immigrants”?: How Whites’ Diverse Perceptions of Immigrants Shape Their Attitudes
Authors: Flores René D , Azar Ariel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPast scholars find that there is a public consensus in the United States on the traits of ideal immigrants. Nevertheless, is there also a consensus on the perceived traits of actual immigrants living in the country? Further, are these perceptions attitudinally consequential? We find no consensus among whites on the composition of the immigrant population in the United States. Further, the immigrant traits they perceive are correlated in specific stereotypical patterns we label “immigrant archetypes.” Using latent class analysis, we find five archetypes. Two of them are extreme—one represents a high-status, documented non-Latino immigrant, which is associated with the most positive immigration attitudes. The other extreme represents a low-status, undocumented Latino man, which is associated with the most restrictionist immigration views. Nevertheless, a second Latino archetype, a better-educated and documented Latina woman working to support her family, is correlated with more positive attitudes than her male counterpart. Archetypes do not seem entirely rooted in objective reality and are stronger predictors of immigration attitudes than most other independent variables. Their existence has significant implications for public opinion dynamics. When researchers, politicians, or journalists reference a single immigrant trait, they may knowingly or unknowingly conjure up entire archetypes in people’s minds.
Gut microbiome changes due to sleep disruption in older and younger individuals: a case for sarcopenia?
Authors: Morwani-Mangnani Jordi , Giannos Panagiotis , Belzer Clara , Beekman Marian , Eline Slagboom P , Prokopidis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Major hallmarks of functional loss, loss of metabolic and musculoskeletal health and (multi)morbidity with aging are associated with sleep disturbances. With poor sleep shifts in gut microbial composition commonly manifest, which could mediate the pro-inflammatory state between sleep disturbances and sarcopenia. This systematic review presents the recent evidence on how sleep disturbances throughout the lifespan associate with and contribute to gut microbial composition changes, proposing a mechanism to understand the etiology of sarcopenia through sleep disturbances. The relationship between disturbed sleep and clinically relevant gut microbiota composition on health aspects of aging is discussed. A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science using keywords including (microbio* OR microflora) AND (sleep OR sleep disorder). Six cross-sectional population-based studies and five experimental clinical trials investigating healthy individuals with ages ranging from 4 to 71 were included. The cross-sectional studies reported similarities in associations with sleep disturbance and gut microbial diversity. In older adults, shorter sleep duration is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria whereas increasing sleep quality is positively associated with an increase of beneficial Verrucomicrobia and Lentisphaerae phyla. In young adults, the effect of sleep disruption on gut microbiome composition, specifically the ratio of beneficial Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes phyla, remains contradictory and unclear. The findings of this review warrant further research in the modulation of the gut microbiome linking poor sleep with muscle-catabolic consequences throughout the lifespan.