bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An indirect approach to measure glass transition temperature in metallic glasses
Authors: Jin H. J. , Lu K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Glass transition behavior of metallic glasses under some extraordinary conditions (such as under high pressures) remains unexplored. Conventional measurements of glass transition temperature, T
g, are very difficult to perform under these extraordinary circumstances. In the present paper, we introduce an indirect approach to characterize glass transition, using enthalpy recovery experiments. With annealing deeply relaxed glassy samples and subsequent DSC measurements, a variation of enthalpy change upon heating with annealing temperature can be obtained. The variation of enthalpy change, a signature of glass transition, was found to correlate well with the directly measured DSC curves for the glass transition. This unique method was successfully applied in determining T
g of several metallic glasses under hydrostatic high pressures and compression stresses.
Comparison of thermodynamic data of the ternary Cu–Sn–Zn system, measured with the EMF and with the calorimetric method
Authors: Knott Sabine , Mikula Adolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The enthalpy of mixing of the ternary Cu –Sn–Zn system was measured using a Calvet-type calorimeter. The investigations were carried out along the three cross sections Cu : Sn = 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1. Zn was added in the concentration range between 0 and 50 at.%.
The calorimetric results were compared with EMF data investigated in an earlier work by Peng and Mikula [1]. The results of the calorimetric measurements show very good agreement in the copper-rich region, compared with the EMF measurements, but in the Cu : Sn = 1 : 2 cross section the results do not fit perfectly. The difference between both measuring methods was at the most ΔH = 300 J/mol at the cross section Cu : Sn = 1 : 1 and ΔH = 150 J/mol at the Cu : Sn = 2 : 1 cross section.
Thermodynamic analysis of structural transformations induced by annealing of amorphous Si–C–N ceramics derived from polymer precursors
Authors: Golczewski Jerzy Andrzej 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thermodynamic modeling has been used to explain structural transformations induced by heat treatment of amorphous Si –C–N ceramics derived from polymers. Nanocrystalline silicon carbide and nanocrystalline silicon nitride identified in the ceramic microstructure have been regarded as metastable NASIC and NASIN phases in the Si–C–N system. The Gibbs energies G(NASIC) and G(NASIN) have been derived and used together with the previously modeled Gibbs energy of the amorphous am-SICN to compute metastable phase diagrams. Computational results allow explanation of the crystallization process of amorphous Si –C–N ceramics. According to this model, the temperature of invariant reaction between carbon and silicon nitride changes with the growth of nanocrystallites, which explains the dependence of the thermal stability on the ceramic microstructure.
Thermodynamic properties of B2-AlFeNi alloys: modelling of the B2-AlFe and B2-AlNi phases
Authors: Oates W. A. , Bencze L. , Markus T. , Hilpert K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Results from our recent simultaneous measurement of all three component activities by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry, together with results available in the literature from vacancy concentration and calorimetric measurements, have been used in a thermodynamic modelling study. The results of this modelling for the binary B2-AlFe and B2-AlNi phases are presented in this communication. A four-sublattice cluster energy model in the point approximation has been used for the configurational contributions to the Gibbs energy. Excitational free energies are incorporated into the configurational energy and non-configurational contributions are considered to be decoupled from the configurational. The modelling has been found to lead to good agreement between calculated and experimental results for both the thermodynamic properties and the vacancy concentrations. It is clear that B2-AlFe is an antisite defect compound at both the lowest and highest temperatures with vacancy defects only predominating, and to only a small degree, at stoichiometry in an intermediate temperature range. In the case of B2-AlNi, however, vacancy defects predominate at stoichiometry over the whole temperature range so that it can be correctly described as a near-triple defect compound.
Kinetics of precipitate formation in (Ti
x
W
y
Cr
z
)B2 solid solutions: influence of Cr concentration and Co impurities
Authors: Schmidt Harald , Fotsing Roland E. , Borchardt Günter , Schmalzried Clemens , Telle Rainer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Supersaturated (Ti0.5 – x
W0.5Cr
x
)B2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0,2) solid solutions were produced by reaction sintering of transition metal diboride powders at a pressure of 60 MPa at 1800 °C. The formation kinetics of W2B5 precipitates were investigated at lower temperatures by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and secondary electron microscopy (SEM). The precipitation rate constants as a function of reciprocal temperature show non-monotonic behaviour in the range between 1450 and 1700 °C with a maximum at about 1650 °C. At low temperatures, Arrhenius behaviour is approximately valid, where the precipitation kinetics are dominated by the diffusion of the transition metals. In contrast, at temperatures higher than 1650 °C, the precipitation rates decrease rapidly, since supersaturation, and consequently nucleation, is strongly reduced. The rate constants of precipitation are identical within error limits for Cr concentrations of x = 0.1 and x = 0.2, however, they are significantly lower for x = 0. This means that the addition of small amounts of Cr accelerates the precipitate formation, while further addition has no further influence. Samples resulting from powders which were high-energy milled with WC/Co hard balls before reaction sintering show an increased density of precipitated crystallites but no increased rate constants of precipitation. This result can be explained under the assumption that for these samples a significant amount of additional pre-existing nuclei was present before precipitation starts, which were formed by heterogeneous nucleation at Co impurities, introduced by the milling process.
The Effect of Ti–B and Sr on the mechanical behaviour of the Zinc–Aluminum-based ZA-12 alloy produced by gravity casting
Authors: Can Kurnaz S. , Sevik Hüseyin , Türk Ahmet , Ozsarac Uǧur 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the effect of Ti –B (0.05 – 0.7 wt.% Ti, 0.01 – 0.13 wt.% B) and Sr additions (0.05 – 0.7 wt.%) on the hardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain and fatigue properties of the gravity cast Zn – Al-based ZA-12 alloy was investigated. While the Ti –B additions had no significant effect on the hardness of the alloys, the Sr additions lowered the hardness by a small amount. UTS and fatigue resistance of the ZA-12 alloy increased with 0.05 wt.% Ti, but the addition of 0.05 wt.% Sr to the standard alloy did not change these properties significantly. In excess of 0.05 wt.% Ti and Sr, the UTS and fatigue resistance of the alloys decreased and reached a lower value than that of the standard alloy. The failure strain only increased for the ZA-12 alloy containing 0.05 wt.% Ti, then decreased with further increase in Ti content. The failure strain values of the alloys decreased with addition of Sr. Metallographic examination indicated that the addition of Ti –B strongly modified the microstructure of the standard ZA-12 alloy, but Sr did not. Ti and Sr have also formed complexshaped intermetallic compounds, which were identified as Al5Ti2Zn and Zn5Al3Sr by X-ray diffraction and EDS analyses. It can be suggested that these particles cause a decrease in UTS, fatigue resistance, and strain to failure of the ZA-12 alloy.
Investigation of SiO2 thin films on Si substrates for use as standards for laser-acoustic measuring devices
Authors: Lucca D. A. , Herrmann K. , Klopfstein M. J. , Menelao F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report on an investigation of the suitability of SiO2 thin films for use as calibration standards for the measurement of elastic modulus by laser-acoustic measuring devices. Film thicknesses for a range of thin film standards, originally developed for the calibration of ellipsometers, were obtained by X-ray reflectometry, ellipsometry, and metrological scanning force microscopy. Using the calibrated values of film thickness, a laser-acoustic method was used to obtain the elastic moduli of the thin films. Nanoindentation of the films, performed at two different laboratories was used to provide an independent measure of the elastic modulus values. The modulus values determined by nanoindentation and the laser-acoustic method were found to agree within 4.6 %, which was within the calculated uncertainty of the measurements performed. As a result of their high homogeneity with respect to film thickness and elastic modulus, their low surface roughness and the good laser-acoustic signal quality, the thin films investigated appear to hold promise as standards for laser-acoustic measuring devices.
The deformation behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni in an atomic force microscope with a newly developed in situ bending machine
Authors: Yang B. , Vehoff H. , Hempelmann R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four-point-bending and strain-controlled fatigue experiments were performed on electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel specimens at room temperature. For the first time, the deformation behaviour of bulk nanonickel specimens was studied in an atomic force microscope with a newly developed in situ bending machine. Results show that grain boundary sliding plays an important role during deformation, and the fatigue crack propagates along grain boundaries.
Mechanism of quasi-viscous flow of zinc single crystals
Authors: Pieła Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the results of mechanical investigations (tensile and relaxation tests), geometrical measurements as well as macro- and microscopic (slip traces) observations of zinc single crystals in the ‘hard’ orientation (from the line [1120] – [1010] of the standard triangle) tested in the temperature range 523– 673 K. Consideration of the experimental data lead to the conclusion that the quasi-viscous flow of crystals results from localized coarse slip in the basal system occurring in the structure of uniformly distributed slip in the 1st order prismatic (and/or the 1st order pyramidal) systems. The proposed mechanism explains the high strain-rate sensitivity and the ‘jerky’ character of the flow of the crystals.
Thermodynamic investigation of Co–Cr alloys, III: Thermo-analytical measurements using DSC and DTA techniques
Authors: Sterneland Thérèse 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several Co–Cr alloys have been investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as well as by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) in the temperature range 298 – 1823 K. The compositional range investigated was from 0 to 87 wt.% Cr with special attention given to alloys with low Cr contents, i. e. 0 to 10 wt.% Cr. From the DSC measurements molar heat capacity values, phase transformation temperatures, enthalpies of transformation and Curie transition temperatures were derived. From the DTA measurements, the melting temperatures and melting enthalpies were evaluated. The trends obtained were compared with the results for pure Co as well as the proposed phase diagram reported in literature.
Numerical simulation and experimental analysis for evaluating warpage of a 3D thin-walled polymeric part using the injection compression molding process
Authors: Sönmez Deniz , Akdoğan Eker Ayşegül 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Injection compression molding (ICM) is a nontraditional hybrid injection molding (IM) process that has been utilized to mold a wide range of the latest and difficult-to-manufacture precision parts that require high dimensional accuracy and no residual stresses. This paper introduces the accurate calculation of warpage for ICM by numerical simulation via Moldflow software, and a comparison of results with products produced experimentally by ICM. To begin with, the process parameters of ICM were discussed based on the numerical simulations. The effects of process parameters, namely melt temperature, mold temperature, compression pressure, and compression distance, on warpage behavior of a molded 3D BJ356MO polypropylene (PP) (100MFI) part were investigated using Taguchi analysis. The obtained warpage results with optimum process parameters were compared with experimental measurements to test the validity of the simulation model of ICM. It was found that the numerical simulations of the ICM show good agreement with experimental measurements.
RNN based EPON dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for complex network
Authors: Yu Jinxia , Fu Yanyan , Xiao Fan , Jia Huijuan , Qin Panke , Zhao Zongqu , You Junru , Liu Feiyang , Han Shangya , Wang Jiawei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the development of ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs), quality of service (QoS) support and fairness per optical network unit (ONU) are crucial issues. However, making an elaborate analysis of the existing prediction-based bandwidth allocation algorithm, light load penalty, low prediction precision are pointed out. We present an improved dynamic bandwidth pre-allocation algorithm (R-DBA), which employs recurrent neural network (RNN) to predict the high-priority service traffic in EPON. And we introduce mixed integer linear programming (MILP) for optimally building DBA algorithm. This algorithm achieves the prediction of the high-priority service traffic by RNN during the waiting time and supports bandwidth pre-allocation, thus ensuring the fairness of the bandwidth allocation.
Medical student research opportunities: a survey of osteopathic medical schools in the United States
Authors: Hamby Tyler , Wilson Don P. , Bui Priya , Lowery Jonathan , Basha Riyaz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
It is important for colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) to provide opportunities for osteopathic medical students (OMSs) to conduct research under the guidance of professional researchers. However, COMs historically lag behind allopathic medical schools in research offerings for medical students. The literature would benefit from a synopsis of research opportunities for OMSs at COMs.

Objectives
This study aims to assess the availability of research opportunities currently offered to OMSs and to identify structured research programs (SRPs) to provide data that may help COMs expand such opportunities.

Methods
Two online surveys were developed. The General Survey asked about general research opportunities, research requirements, and SRPs, which we define as optional, intramural, and mentored research programs. The follow-up SRP Survey sought to understand the history, funding, and organizational structure of SRPs. Between February and June 2021, the General and SRP Surveys were sent to all COMs in the United States. Response data were analyzed descriptively.

Results
Responses were received from 32 (84.2%) of 38 COMs. Nearly all COMs offered research symposia, offered third- or fourth-year research elective rotations, and provided some form of funding for OMSs to participate in research. Fourteen (43.8%) COMs had mandatory research requirements. Twenty COMs (62.5%) offered 31 SRPs, and surveys were completed for 25 (80.6%) SRPs. SRPs were founded a median (range) of 7 (1–43) years prior and accommodated 20 (4–50) OMSs annually. Among the responding SRPs, 12.0% had external funding, 96.0% required applications, 50.0% interviewed applicants prior to acceptance into the program, 72.0% required OMSs to identify their own mentors, 68.0% offered stipends to OMSs, 28.0% offered course credits, 96.0% had clinical research opportunities, and 68.0% offered research-oriented didactics. In 84.0% of SRPs, OMSs worked predominantly in the summer after OMS-I; for these SRPs, students had 4–10 weeks of dedicated time for participation in research.

Conclusions
Findings from our surveys provide a synopsis of the research opportunities currently provided by COMs in the United States. Our data demonstrated wide variability of research opportunities among COMs.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of long-acting PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (Jintrolong) for patients with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Du Hanze , Wu Danning , Yi Pengfei , Bai Xi , Luo Yunyun , Yang Hongbo , Chen Shi , Pan Hui , Zhu Huijuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety and metabolic effects of once-weekly pegylated human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) with daily rhGH in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Design
48 patients enrolled in this 12-month single-center, open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial is allocated to PEG-rhGH 0.12 mg/kg/w and 0.20 mg/kg/w treatment. Besides, the control group allocated 23 patients treated with daily rhGH 0.28 mg/kg/w matched with sex, age, and baseline IGF-1 levels. The primary endpoint included height velocity (HV) and IGF-1 increase at the end of treatment. Other parameters associated with growth, metabolism and safety were also monitored.

Results
In terms of HV increase, the efficacy of PEG-rhGH dosed at 0.12 mg/kg/w and 0.20 mg/kg/w was comparable to that of daily rhGH dosed at 0.28 mg/kg/w after 3, 6 and 12 treatment (p>0.05). IGF-1 concentration and IGF-1 SDS were both elevated significantly at 3, 6 and 12 months (p=0.000) into normal range following PEG-rhGH treatment. BMI SDS elevated after PEG-rhGH treatment for 3, 6 and 12 months (p=0.000). HbA1c elevated after 3 and 12 months (p=0.009) and METS-IR elevated after 6 months (p=0.019) compared with baseline. The differences of other metabolic indexes (such as blood glucose, blood lipid, etc.) have no statistical significance (p>0.05). No severe adverse event was observed among the three groups.

Conclusions
The efficacy and safety were promising and comparable between once-weekly PEG-rhGH and daily rhGH injection within 12 months. The negative influence on glucose homeostasis needed attention and monitoring.
The crystal structure bis(dimethylsulfoxide-κ1O)-dipyridine-κ1
N-bis(m2-(Z)-3-methyl-2-oxido-N-((Z)-oxido(phenyl)methylene)benzohydrazonato-κ5)trinickel(II) - dimethylsulfoxide (1/2), C48H56N6Ni3O10S4
Authors: Yang Liguo , Wang Xin , Zou Kun , Hu Shuige , Liu Xiaozhen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C48H56N6Ni3O10S4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 12.3887(11) Å, b = 15.7405(13) Å, c = 13.4254(11) Å, β = 97.364(2)°, V = 2596.4(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0530, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1316, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-bromobenzyloxy)-6-chloropyridine, C12H9BrClNO
Authors: Lu Zhi-Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C12H9BrClNO, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.3665(3) Å, b = 22.5576(17) Å, c = 12.1286(10) Å, β = 99.028(7)°, V = 1179.84(16) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0595, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1451, T = 293 K.
From matter to form: the evolution of the genetic code as semio-poiesis
Authors: Zolyan Suren 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We address issues of description of the origin and evolution of the genetic code from a semiotics standpoint. Developing the concept of codepoiesis introduced by Barbieri, a new idea of semio-poiesis is proposed. Semio-poiesis, a recursive auto-referential processing of semiotic system, becomes a form of organization of the bio-world when and while notions of meaning and aiming are introduced into it. The description of the genetic code as a semiotic system (grammar and vocabulary) allows us to apply the method of internal reconstruction to it: on the basis of heterogeneity and irregularity of the current state, to explicate possible previous states and various ways of forming mechanisms of coding and textualization. The revealed patterns are consistent with hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the genetic code.
Exercise Technique: Counterbalance Skater Squat
Authors: Cook Jordan , Ryan Greg A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This column provides a detailed description of the correct technique for the counterbalance skater squat. This exercise is a unique variation of the single leg squat: the counterbalance skater squat. The use of this exercise can aid in the development of unilateral strength and hypertrophy benefiting those who are required to sprint and change direction regularly. Additionally, this column outlines set and repetition recommendations and progressions through the lift.
Perkembangan Kajian Hadis Ulama Banjar: Analisis Genealogi Intelektual dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Corak Kajian Hadis
Authors: Hanafi Hanafi 
Published: March 2022

Timur Tengah menjadi destinasi keilmuan bagi para Ulama Nusantara sejak abad ke-16. Jaringan ulama Timur Tengah mempunyai andil besar dalam mengembangkan aneka ragam tradisi intelektual keislaman di Nusantara. Begitu juga yang terjadi di masyarakat Banjar. Dalam proses transmisi keilmuan, ulama Banjar banyak sekali terpengaruhi oleh pemikiran-pemikiran keislaman yang berasal dari sana, termasuk dalam pemikiran kalam, fikih, tasawuf, dan kajian hadis. Dalam artikel ini akan membuktikan sejauh mana pengaruh ulama Timur Tengah terhadap pengembangan tradisi intelektual ulama Banjar dalam kajian hadis. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini adalah dengan cara membaca sumber-sumber primer, berupa naskah-naskah hadis karya ulama Banjar, kemudian silsilah sanad dan ijazah hadis mereka yang terhubung dengan ulama hadis di Timur Tengah. Pembacaan terhadap sanad dan ijazah tersebut akan membuktikan bahwa keilmuan hadis mereka terhubung kepada para ulama hadis yang otoritatif. Ulama Banjar yang masuk sebagai objek penelitian disini adalah ulama yang berasal dari suku Banjar, mempunyai naskah di bidang hadis, atau kajian hadis yang berbahasa Arab atau bahasa Arab Melayu. Dari standarisasi yang digunakan tersebut, ditemukan tujuh ulama yang masuk sebagai objek penelitian, Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari@, Muhammad Kasyful Anwar, Muhammad Anang Sya‘rani@ Arif, Abdul Wahid, Muhammad Syukeri Unus, Fahmi Zamzam, dan Muhammad Nurdin Marbu.
‘Ināyat al-Muḥaddithīn al-Indūnīsiyyīn bi al-Arba’īniyyāt; Dirāsah ‘an Kitāb al-Fādānī fī al-Arba’īn
Authors: Harun Daud Rasyid 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses one of the works of hadīth scholar, which is known as “Arba`īn”. The writers of Arba`īn collect forty hadīths from different topics and then combined them into one book. Some of them innovated in combining the hadīth. This type of work is known as “Arba`ūn Buldāniyah”. The first scholar to do this is al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Ṭāhir as-Silafi, then followed by his student, Ibnu `Asākir. Shaikh Yāsīn, a Hadīth scholar from Indonesia who lived in Mecca since he was child. Shaikh Yāsīn had a good reputation in Isnād (chain of hadīths) by maintaining the continuous line of transmission from his teacher, the teachers of his teacher, and to the author of the book studied, as was done by previous scholars. He contributed to the writing of An Arba`īn book which contained forty hadīth from forty scholars (teachers) from forty cities in the Islamic world. This paper discusses the writing method of the book and compares it with works such as from other authors. The methodology used is a qualitative method by analyzing the works of Islamic scholars. The findings in this paper are that Islamic scholars. are comparable to Middle Eastern scholar in producing even specific Hadith scientific works.