bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a simulation technical competence curriculum for medical simulation fellows
Authors: Ahmed Rami A. , Cooper Dylan , Mays Chassity L. , Weidman Chris M. , Poore Julie A. , Bona Anna M. , Falvo Lauren E. , Moore Malia J. , Mitchell Sally A. , Boyer Tanna J. , Atkinson S. Scott , Cartwright Johnny F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and needs
Medical educators with simulation fellowship training have a unique skill set. Simulation fellowship graduates have the ability to handle basic and common troubleshooting issues with simulation software, hardware, and equipment setup. Outside of formal training programs such as this, simulation skills are inconsistently taught and organically learned. This is important to address because there are high expectations of medical educators who complete simulation fellowships. To fill the gap, we offer one way of teaching and assessing simulation technical skills within a fellowship curriculum and reflect on lessons learned throughout the process. This report describes the instructional designs, implementation, and program evaluation of an educational intervention: a simulation technology curriculum for simulation fellows.

Curriculum design
The current iteration of the simulation technical skill curriculum was introduced in 2018 and took approximately 8 months to develop under the guidance of expert simulation technology specialists, simulation fellowship-trained faculty, and simulation center administrators. Kern’s six steps to curriculum development was used as the guiding conceptual framework. The curriculum was categorized into four domains, which emerged from the outcome of a qualitative needs assessment. Instructional sessions occurred on 5 days spanning a 2-week block. The final session concluded with summative testing.

Program evaluation
Fellows were administered summative objective structured exams at three stations. The performance was rated by instructors using station-specific checklists. Scores approached 100% accuracy/completion for all stations.

Conclusions
The development of an evidence-based educational intervention, a simulation technical skill curriculum, was highly regarded by participants and demonstrated effective training of the simulation fellows. This curriculum serves as a template for other simulationists to implement formal training in simulation technical skills.
L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels expression involved in pre-neoplastic transformation of breast cancer
Authors: Aguiar Flávia , Rhana Paula , Bloise Enrrico , Rodrigues Andreia Laura Prates , Ferreira Enio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Intracellular Ca2+ levels can modulate several cellular functions, including proliferation and other processes found altered in neoplastic cells. Helping to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis, L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels had its expression identified in neoplasias, including breast cancer. Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, the most common classification of breast cancer, has ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ as its possible non-obligate precursors. This channel’s role in breast cancer development from these precursors has not been investigated. Evaluate protein expression and subcellular localization of CaV1.1, CaV1.2, and CaV1.3 in mammary epithelium without alteration and neoplastic and non-neoplastic ductal proliferative lesions through immunohistochemistry was the aim of this investigation.

Methods
In the present study, CaV1.1, CaV1.2, and CaV1.3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in breast without alteration and in proliferative non-neoplastic and neoplastic ductal epithelial lesions of the human breast.

Results
It was observed that CaV1.3 presented a reduction in nuclear expression at neoplastic lesions, in addition to an increase in cytoplasmic CaV1.1 expression. The analyses of membrane immunostaining showed that CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 had an increase of expression as the lesions progressed in the stages leading to invasive carcinomas.

Conclusions
Changes in protein expression and subcellular localization of these channels during the progression stages indicate that they may be involved in neoplastic transformation.
Radiographic aspects in individuals infected by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) with joint pain
Authors: da Silva Carvalho João Marcos , de Araújo Campos Eugênia Maria Teixeira , Ferreira José Luiz Nunes , Carvalho Huliana Mourão , Carneiro Neto José Abraão , de Oliveira Carneiro Tássila , Carvalho Edgar Marcelino 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Joint pain in the absence or with little synovitis is observed in a large percentage of HTLV-1 infected subjects. As the virus infect CD4 + and CD8 + positive, macrophages and B cells an exaggerated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is detected in these patients. However, the possible association of HTLV-1 infection with autoimmune diseases has not been documented definitively and the clinical characteristics of HTLV-1 associated arthropathy has not been defined. The objective this study is to describe clinic and radiographic features in HTLV-1-infected individuals with complaints of joint pain.

Methods
Cross-sectional study enrolling HTLV-1-infected individuals with chronic joint pain, aged up to 75 years, both genders and seronegative controls with osteoarthritis. All participants underwent conventional radiography of the hips, knees and ankles.

Results
Eighty-one HTLV-1 infected patients and 30 subjects with osteoarthritis participated in the study. Polyarticular and symmetrical arthritis prevailed in the HTLV-1 positive group (54%), while oligoarticular and asymmetrical (44%) were more common in controls (p < 0.05). The frequency of enthesophytes (90%) in HTLV-1-infected patients was greater than in the control group (73%) (p < 0.05). Radiographic features were similar in HTLV-1 carriers and in patients with probable or definite HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. The presence of enthesophytes in the absence of joint space reduction or osteophytes was only observed in HTLV-1-infected individuals (p < 0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging of the ankles of five HTLV-1-infected patients and five controls demonstrated a higher frequency of enthesitis, bursitis and osteitis in the HTLV-1 infected group.

Conclusion
HTLV-1-associated arthropathy is clinically characterized by symmetrical polyarthralgia and the main radiological finding is the presence of enthesophytes in the absence of osteophytes and joint space narrowing.
Age-related difficulty in post-intubation tracheal stenosis reconstruction: a comparative analysis of CO2-laser, resection and anastomosis, and costal cartilage grafting techniques
Authors: Ozkul Yilmaz , Songu Murat , Bayrak Asuman Feda , İşlek Akif 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCostal cartilage graft (CCG) sustains primary donor material for laryngotracheal reconstruction in patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS). But, the elasticity and viability of CCG decrease elderly. This study was aimed to examine the age factor in PITS cases according to the treatment groups, especially in the tracheal reconstruction surgery with CCG group.MethodsThis retrospective study was designed. Patients with a diagnosis of PITS were enrolled. The hazard ratio was calculated with the Cox regression model to define independent risk factors for failure among the variables.ResultsEighty-five patients diagnosed with post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) were enrolled in the study. Restenosis developed in 19 (22.4%) patients. The failure rate in patients aged 40 years and older was 7.5 times higher on average compared to patients under 40 years of age (p= 0.004, 95%CI: 1.6–35.2). Additionally, age group ≥ 40 and CCG treatment group were a significant risk factors for surgical failure (p= 0.012,HR= 0.0003, 95% CI forHR= 0.0000006–0.173, andp< 0.001,HR= 0.001, 95%CI forHR= 0.000025–0.047, respectively).ConclusionsAge and CCG group were detected as independent risk factors for surgical failure, possibly due viability of costal cartilage.
Madness and society in Britain
Authors: Ikkos George , Bouras Nick , Tyrer Peter 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe fiftieth anniversary of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the publication of a detailed multidisciplinary social history of British psychiatry and mental health in recent decades have offered an opportunity to take a helicopter view and reflect on the relation between psychiatry and changing British society. We argue that the time has come to move on from the rhetoric of deinstitutionalisation and community mental healthcare to lead public debate and advocacy for the needs of the mentally ill in the new era of ‘meta-community psychiatry and mental healthcare’. We need to respond effectively to the increasing awareness of mental health problems across society, aiming for a pluralist, integrated and well-funded reform led by joint professional and patient interests which could be unstoppable if we all work together.
Shared Nearest Neighbors Approach and Interactive Browser for Network Analysis of a Comprehensive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Data Set
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie T. , Akhave Neal , Knightly Ryan E. , Reuben Alexandre , Vokes Natalie , Zhang Jianhua , Li Jun , Fujimoto Junya , Byers Lauren A. , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Diao Lixia , Wang Jing , Federico Lorenzo , Forget Marie-Andree , McGrail Daniel J. , Weissferdt Annikka , Lin Shiaw-Yih , Lee Younghee , Suzuki Erika , Kovacs Jeffrey J. , Behrens Carmen , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Futreal Andrew , Vaporciyan Ara , Sepesi Boris , Heymach John V. , Bernatchez Chantale , Haymaker Cara , Cascone Tina , Zhang Jianjun , Bristow Christopher A. , Heffernan Timothy P. , Negrao Marcelo V. , Gibbons Don L. ,   the ICON Team
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Advances in biological measurement technologies are enabling large-scale studies of patient cohorts across multiple omics platforms. Holistic analysis of these data can generate actionable insights for translational research and necessitate new approaches for data integration and mining. METHODS We present a novel approach for integrating data across platforms on the basis of the shared nearest neighbors algorithm and use it to create a network of multiplatform data from the immunogenomic profiling of non–small-cell lung cancer project. RESULTS Benchmarking demonstrates that the shared nearest neighbors-based network approach outperforms a traditional gene-gene network in capturing established interactions while providing new ones on the basis of the interplay between measurements from different platforms. When used to examine patient characteristics of interest, our approach provided signatures associated with and new leads related to recurrence and TP53 oncogenotype. CONCLUSION The network developed offers an unprecedented, holistic view into immunogenomic profiling of non–small-cell lung cancer, which can be explored through the accompanying interactive browser that we built.
Experimentally Induced Hypoglycemia-associated Autonomic Failure in Humans: Determinants, Designs, and Drawbacks
Authors: Bisgaard Bengtsen Mads , Møller Niels 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Iatrogenic hypoglycemia remains one of the leading hindrances of optimal glycemic management in insulin-treated diabetes. Recurring hypoglycemia leads to a condition of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). HAAF refers to a combination of (i) impaired hormonal counterregulatory responses and (ii) hypoglycemia unawareness to subsequent hypoglycemia, substantially increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Several studies since the 1990s have experimentally induced HAAF, yielding variable results.

Objective
The aim of this review was to assess the varying designs, clinical outcomes, potential assets, and drawbacks related to these studies.

Method
A systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase in winter 2021 to include all human studies attempting to experimentally induce HAAF. In different combinations, the search terms used were “hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure,” “HAAF,” “hypoglycemia,” “recurring,” “recurrent,” “repeated,” “consecutive,” and “unawareness,” yielding 1565 publications. Inclusion criteria were studies that had aimed at experimentally inducing HAAF and measuring outcomes of hormonal counterregulation and awareness of hypoglycemia.

Results
The literature search yielded 27 eligible publications, of which 20 were successful in inducing HAAF while statistical significantly impairing both hormonal counterregulation and impairing awareness of hypoglycemia to subsequent hypoglycemia. Several factors were of significance as regards inducing HAAF: Foremost, the duration of antecedent hypoglycemia should be at least 90 minutes and blood glucose should be maintained below 3.4 mmol/L. Other important factors to consider are the type of participants, insulin dosage, and the risk of unintended hypoglycemia prior to the study.

Conclusion
Here we have outlined the most important factors to take into consideration when designing a study aimed at inducing HAAF, including to take into consideration other disease states susceptible to hypoglycemia, thus hopefully clarifying the field and allowing qualified studies in the future.
Exploring cell and tissue mechanics with optical tweezers
Authors: Català-Castro Frederic , Schäffer Erik , Krieg Michael 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Cellular and tissue biosystems emerge from the assembly of their constituent molecules and obtain a set of specific material properties. To measure these properties and understand how they influence cellular function is a central goal of mechanobiology. From a bottoms-up, physics or engineering point-of-view, such systems are a composition of basic mechanical elements. However, the sheer number and dynamic complexity of them, including active molecular machines and their emergent properties, makes it currently intractable to calculate how biosystems respond to forces. Because many diseases result from an aberrant mechanotransduction, it is thus essential to measure this response. Recent advances in the technology of optical tweezers have broadened their scope from single-molecule applications to measurements inside complex cellular environments, even within tissues and animals. Here, we summarize the basic optical trapping principles, implementations and calibration procedures that enable force measurements using optical tweezers directly inside cells of living animals, in combination with complementary techniques. We review their versatility to manipulate subcellular organelles and measure cellular frequency-dependent mechanics in the piconewton force range from microseconds to hours. As an outlook, we address future challenges to fully unlock the potential of optical tweezers for mechanobiology.
Robotic communication with ants
Authors: Franks Nigel R. , Podesta Jacob A. , Jarvis Edward C. , Worley Alan , Sendova-Franks Ana B. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We used a robotic gantry to test the hypothesis that tandem running in the ant Temnothorax albipennis can be successful in the absence of trail laying by the leader. Pheromone glands were placed on a pin attached to a gantry. This set-up substituted for the leader of a tandem run. Neither the pin nor the glands touched the substrate and thus the ant following the robot was tracking a plume of airborne pheromones. The robot led individual workers from their current nest to a potential new one. The robotic gantry was programmed to allow for human intervention along its path to permit the following ant to stop and survey its surroundings and then catch up with its mechanical leader. The gantry then automatically tracked the precise route taken by each ant from the new nest back to the old one. Ants led by the robot were significantly more successful at finding their way home than those we carried to the new nest that had no opportunity to learn landmarks. The robot was programmed to take either a straight or a sinusoidal path to the new nest. However, we found no significant difference in the abilities of ants that had been led on such direct or sinuous paths to find their way home. Here, the robot laid no trail but our findings suggest that, under such circumstances, the following ant may lay a trail to substitute for the missing one.
Correlates of the Physical Activity Decline during Childhood
Authors: PEREIRA SARA , REYES ANA CAROLINA , CHAVES RAQUEL , SANTOS CARLA , VASCONCELOS OLGA , TANI GO , KATZMARZYK PETER T. , BAXTER-JONES ADAM , MAIA JOSÉ 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to describe longitudinal trends in children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to investigate associations with individual, familial, and school characteristics.

Methods
A sample of 341 Portuguese children age 5–10 yr (173 girls) from six age cohorts was followed over 3 yr using a mixed-longitudinal design. Physical activity, body mass index (BMI), gross motor coordination, and musculoskeletal fitness were assessed annually. Information on socioeconomic status and school characteristics was collected and analyzed with mixed models.

Results
MVPA shows a similar declining trend in both sexes, but on average, boys exceeded the World Health Organization recommendations of 60 min·d−1. The best model showed that boys spend, on average, more time in MVPA than girls. Children with lower BMI are less prone to the decline in MVPA, whereas higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness were associated with lower declines in MVPA. Of all school characteristics, only playground dimension was related to MVPA decreasing trajectories.

Conclusions
MVPA systematically declines from 5 to 10 yr of age in both boys and girls, but boys remained more active than girls across the age range. The best predictors of MVPA decline are sex, BMI, musculoskeletal fitness, and school playground dimension.
Assessing the anticancer effects of metformin
Authors: Yunus Mohammed , Zaher Amr , Hussain Sajid , Alawami Karam Ali , Alfaraj Dhiyaa Jaber , Alqatari Ahmed Mohammed , Alsalim Morteda Jasim , Almissri Murtaja Zaki , Junaid Mohammed Abdul Lateef 
Published: August 2022

Background: Metformin is an antihyperglycemic biguanide that is used as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin use helps control T2DM which is one of the many risk factors for cancer and is proposed to have multiple antagonistic actions against cancer cells. The epidemiology of cancers in Saudi Arabia are colorectal cancer (CRC) 14.4%, breast cancer 14.2%, thyroid cancer 10.2%, non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) 6.1%, leukemia 6%, and other cancers 49.2%. We would like to assess the anticancer effect of metformin on various types of malignancies. Methods: The 266 cancer patients diagnosed in 2018–2019 in King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic cancer patients (with or without metformin). The data includes age, gender, body mass index (BMI), type of cancer with grades and stages, T2DM, with or without metformin, complications, and fate etc. of each case. Results: Out of 300, 266 were selected for the analysis. The results showed the statistical significance (p value 0.022) of metformin use on the cancer grade at diagnosis that favorably influences the morbidity/mortality. Conclusions: Metformin might have an anti-cancer effect on the grade of cancer at the time of diagnosis regardless of its dosage, and this might improve the prognosis of malignancy.
Accelerated MM Algorithms for Inference of Ranking Scores from Comparison Data
Authors: Vojnović Milan , Yun Se-Young , Zhou Kaifang 
Published: August 2022

Accelerated Algorithms for RankingAssigning ranking scores to items based on observed comparison data (e.g., paired comparisons, choice, and full ranking outcomes) has been of continued interest in a wide range of applications, including information search, aggregation of social opinions, electronic commerce, online gaming platforms, and more recently, evaluation of machine learning algorithms. The key problem is to compute ranking scores, which are of interest for quantifying the strength of skills, relevancies, or preferences, and prediction of ranking outcomes. One of the most popular statistical models of ranking outcomes is the Bradley–Terry model for paired comparisons and its extensions to choice and full ranking outcomes. In “Accelerated MM Algorithms for Inference of Ranking Scores from Comparison Data,” M. Vojnovic, S.-Y. Yun, and K. Zhou show that a popular MM algorithm for inference of ranking scores for generalized Bradley–Terry ranking models suffers a slow convergence issue, and they propose a new accelerated algorithm that resolves this shortcoming and can yield substantial convergence speedups.
Phase-drift cancellation for a phase-shifted signal on remote fiber link transfer using a phase-compensation technique
Authors: Zhai Wensheng , Xin Yunxia 
Published: August 2022

A stable frequency transmission of a phase-shifted frequency signal in an optical fiber link is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a phase-compensation technique, where phase drift produced by the mechanical stress and temperature acting on the optical fiber link is compensated based on feedback optical signal processing employing a phase modulator. An ultra-stable beam-forming signal conducive to the flexible distribution of phased array radar is obtained at the remote node. The experimental results implement a full 360° phase shift over a frequency range from 10 to 20 GHz through 200 km single-mode fiber, with Allan deviations of

∼

7.65

×

10

−
17

at average time of 1000 s and a root mean square jitter less than 0.39 ps. The proposed scheme is beneficial to implementation of high-resolution imaging in phased array radar.
Detection of the angle-of-arrival of an optical beam by means of
interference optical filters for free-space optical communication
Authors: Želudevičius Julijanas , Dubosas Giedrius , Švedas Vitas , Milaševičius Martynas , Regelskis Kęstutis 
Published: August 2022

We propose a method for estimating the angle-of-arrival of an optical beam, which is based on angle-dependent properties of interference optical filters. One-filter and two-filter configurations for beam angle detection in one plane were investigated experimentally. By using off-the-shelf interference filters and a laser beam with a 4 nm broad spectrum at a 1030 nm center wavelength, an angle detection range of 1.6°–2.3° was achieved with an angle detection uncertainty standard deviation of

<

0.2

%

of the total beam angle detection range. The performance of the proposed beam angle detection method was compared with that of the segmented detector method under conditions of air turbulence. It was found that the proposed method is more resistant to turbulence-caused beam distortions and allows determination of the beam angle with higher precision.
High-performance compact athermal panoramic annular lens design with separated radial optical power
Authors: Zhu Chengxi , Wang Jia , Fei Wenhui , Fang Weidong , Bai Jian 
Published: August 2022

A panoramic annular lens can provide abundant spatial information in real time with its compact and scalable structure. To deal with extreme temperature environments and to improve the utilization of an image plane, we propose a high-performance compact athermal panoramic annular lens with separated radial optical power. By introducing multiple free-form surfaces, the system achieves a field of view of

(

40

∘

∼

100

∘

)
×

360

∘

, an

f

-number of 2.2, and a total length of 40 mm. The modulation transfer function of the system’s full fields of view is greater than 0.5 at 200 lp/mm, and the distortion is less than 2.5%. It can work stably in the range of

−

30

∘

C

to 70°C. The proposed system is compact, athermal, and high-performing and has broad application prospects in the fields of visual positioning and biomedicine.