bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Intramedullary Nailing Versus External Fixation for Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania
Authors: O’Marr Jamieson M. , Rodarte Patricia , Haonga Billy , Ngunyale Patrick , Roberts Heather , Morshed Saam , Shearer David 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Open tibial fractures are a cause of substantial orthopaedic morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. These injuries represent a substantial cost burden to both individual patients and society because of their high propensity for complications, such as infection, nonunion, and malunion. External fixation and intramedullary (IM) nailing are both utilized for definitive treatment of open tibial fractures, but given the differences in cost and lack of clear superiority of intramedullary nailing, cost-effectiveness becomes important to consider in low- and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of IM nailing versus external fixation within Tanzania.

Methods:
This study utilized data from a randomized controlled trial conducted at a single tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Direct cost data were collected via an internal audit of operating costs and hospital staff time. Indirect costs data were collected from patients in a long-term follow-up study assessing total lost work. A Markov model was utilized to run the cost-effectiveness simulations. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over a lifetime time horizon. Both the payer and societal perspectives were considered. To account for uncertainty, both 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results:
From the payer perspective, the cost of external fixation ($396 USD) was lower than that of IM nailing ($529), primarily because of shorter operative times. However, IM nailing was associated with more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). From the payer perspective, the ICER was $499 per QALY with a donated nail and $701 per QALY with a purchased locally available nail. From the societal perspective, the ICER was lower among patients undergoing IM nailing, at $70 per QALY, largely because of shorter recovery times.

Conclusions:
From both the payer and the societal perspective, IM nailing is considered highly cost-effective on the basis of the World Health Organization willingness-to-pay thresholds. This finding was consistent whether the IM nail was donated or purchased from local suppliers. These results are likely generalizable to other tertiary referral centers in low- and middle-income countries.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Study on Real-time Photoluminescence Intensity Change of InyGa1-yAs1-xNx Alloys by CW-Laser Irradiation
Authors: Sultan Zamil , Yagi Shuhei , Takamiya Kengo , Yaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this study, we measured the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of InyGa1−yAs1 − xNx alloys in real time under continuous-wave (CW) laser irradiation to investigate the effects of nitrogen and indium concentrations on the performance degradation and reliability during device operation. First, we found that the PL intensity changes clearly with fast and slow components during laser irradiation for InyGa1−yAs1 − xNx alloys with different nitrogen and indium concentrations. We found that increasing nitrogen concentration in InyGa1−yAs1 − xNx alloys with a constant indium concentration led to smaller and slower degradation in the PL intensity during laser irradiation while increasing nitrogen concentration causes larger improvement in the PL intensity for GaAs1 − xNx alloys during laser irradiation. On the other hand, increasing indium concentration in InyGa1−yAs alloys without nitrogen atoms causes larger and faster degradation in the normalized PL intensity. Thus, we concluded that indium atoms are responsible for the PL degradation, whereas nitrogen atoms are responsible for the PL improvement during laser irradiation in these alloys. In addition, high power density laser irradiation leads to larger and faster PL degradation in InyGa1−yAs1 − xNx alloys, indicating that the reliability of device performance is significantly degraded when operating in high-power excitation mode. Therefore, real-time PL measurements with high power density laser irradiation are expected to be a useful technique for analyzing the degradation processes and reliability in optoelectronic devices during operation.
Halide Ion-Templated Atomic Precision Synthesis and Structural Modulation of Silver Sulfide Nanoclusters
Authors: Dai Juefei , Shi Chuanhua , Zhang Zhixun , Nong Yan , Feng Chenchen , Yu Xianyong , Yang Chao , Zhang Xueji , Yang Huayan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In the realm of nanomaterials science, the precise and controllable synthesis of nanoclusters remains a formidable challenge. This study focuses on the synthesis of silver sulfide nanoclusters via the halide ion template method, with an in - depth exploration of the underlying synthesis mechanism. By meticulously regulating halogen ion concentration, reaction solvent, and other reaction parameters, a diverse array of nanoclusters with distinct structures has been successfully fabricated and characterized at the atomic - precision level using X-ray single crystal diffraction. The results clearly demonstrate that halogen ion concentration exerts a profound influence on the structural characteristics of the clusters. Different halogen ions can trigger the formation of disparate nucleation sites and structures, and the choice of solvent also plays a crucial role in determining the structural properties of the clusters.
Advanced Engineered Nanoplatforms to Overcome Biological Barriers for Targeting Brain Tumors
Authors: Sultana Shaheen , Gupta Jyoti , Sharma Vikram , Gupta Komal , Khosla Gayatri , Mishra Darshna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Effective drug delivery to the brain is critically hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier that complicates treatment for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including brain tumors. Recent innovations in pharmaceutical sciences have introduced new strategies to surmount this challenge and enhance therapeutic efficacy.
This review aims to assess recent advancements in engineered nanoplatforms designed to overcome the BBB, with a focus on their application in brain tumor targeting. It seeks to evaluate different drug delivery strategies and formulations that enhance brain penetration, improve targeting precision, and minimize systemic side effects.
A comprehensive review of the literature and recent studies on brain-targeting strategies was conducted. The review examined the strategies to prolong blood circulation time and analyzed particularly the PEGylation approach, lipid-based nanocarrier, albumin binding strategies and red blood cell-based delivery. It also explored various strategies (e.g., peptides, prodrug, antibodies, nanotechnology, ligand-based delivery) and subcellular targeting techniques aimed at enhancing brain drug delivery and cellular uptake.
PEGylation was found to significantly improve the ability of nano carriers to penetrate brain tumors by reducing macrophage-mediated clearance. Nanotechnology-based strategies coupled with ligand-based approaches effectively enhance brain delivery. Subcellular targeting strategies facilitated endolysosomal escape, leading to better therapeutic agent retention within brain tumor cells.
Advances in nanotechnology and targeting strategies offer promising solutions for overcoming the BBB and improving brain tumor treatment. These novel strategies significantly enhance brain targeting while minimizing systemic effects. Continued research is essential to optimize these methods and achieve more effective therapeutic outcomes.
Emulgel-Based Formulations of Clobetasol Propionate: Formulation Development, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Jain Divya , Sharma Mukesh Chandra , Kumar Shivendra , Chaudhary Ramkumar , Mishra Sakshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Topical formulations of corticosteroids, particularly clobetasol propionate (CP), are
commonly used to treat a range of dermatological conditions. CP is a potent corticosteroid known
for its efficacy in managing inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive
dermatoses. Emulgel-based formulations of CP have emerged as an innovative approach, offering
advantages like improved drug solubility, enhanced skin penetration, and extended drug release.
This review aims to provide an updated overview of the latest advancements in the development
and evaluation of CP emulgel formulations. Key aspects discussed include the selection and optimization
of emulgel components, formulation characterization, in vitro drug release, and pharmacological
activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects. Emphasis is placed on recent studies
and innovations that underscore the potential of CP emulgels in dermatological therapy, highlighting
their promising applications in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes.
Pengaruh Financial Technology Payment, Financial Knowledge Dan Financial Attitude Terhadap Financial Management Behavior
Authors: Mulya Avyana Trista , Juwita Himmiyatul Amanah Jiwa 
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the effects of financial technology payment, financial knowledge, and financial attitude on financial management behavior. The objects are students of Faculty of Economics and Business of Universitas Brawijaya. this explanatory research elucidates the causal relationship between its dependent and independent variables using quantitative approach. Using purposive sampling technique, 100 student of Faculty of Economics and Business of Universitas Brawijaya batches of 2020, 2021, and 2022 who have passed financial management course and use financial technology payment service application were selected as the respondents. The data of this study was harvested from 5-point Likert-scaled closed questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. This study finds that financial technology payment, financial knowledge, and financial attitude significantly influence financial management behavior.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh financial technology payment, financial knowledge, dan financial attitude terhadap financial management behavior. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini merupakan explanatory research yang menjelaskan hubungan kausal antar variabel dependen dan independen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner tertutup menggunakan skala pengukuran likert lima poin. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden dengan kriteria yaitu mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya angkatan 2020-2022, telah menempuh mata kuliah manajemen keuangan dan menggunakan aplikasi layanan financial technology payment. Data diolah menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS IBM Statistic versi 25. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa financial technology payment, financial knowledge, dan financial attitude berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kep financial management behavior.
Financial Flexibility Analysis on Energy Sector Publicly Listed Firms
Authors: Tambunan Mikael Gabe Pahala , Wijayanti Risna 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to analysis the financial flexibility in companies within the energy sector during the period from 2017 to 2022. This research adopts a descriptive research design. The sampling method employed is purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 25 companies in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange before 2014 and classified as mainboard trading. Financial flexibility is measured using the Altman Z-Score first edition (1968), involving ratios such as WCTA, RETA, EBITTA, MVETL, and STA. In the analysis, Altman's cut-off points from 1968 is used to categorize companies as financially flexible or less flexible. A company is considered to have financial flexibility if its Z-Score is above 1.81, while it is considered less flexible if it is below this threshold. The analysis results on the sample companies indicate that the energy sector is experiencing the impact of unexpected conditions, especially for companies listed as mainboard. The findings indicate that companies with financial flexibility demonstrate a better ability to navigate unexpected conditions.

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis fleksibilitas keuangan dalam perusahaan di sektor energi selama periode 2017 hingga 2022. Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain penelitian deskriptif. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, menghasilkan sampel dari 25 perusahaan di sektor energi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebelum tahun 2014 dan diklasifikasikan sebagai perdagangan pada papan utama. Fleksibilitas keuangan diukur menggunakan Altman Z-Score edisi pertama (1968), melibatkan rasio seperti WCTA, RETA, EBITTA, MVETL, dan STA. Dalam analisis, cut-off point Altman dari tahun 1968 digunakan untuk mengelompokkan perusahaan sebagai fleksibel atau kurang fleksibel secara keuangan. Sebuah perusahaan dianggap memiliki fleksibilitas keuangan jika nilai Z-Score-nya di atas 1,81, sementara dianggap kurang fleksibel jika di bawah angka 1,81. Hasil analisis pada sampel perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa sektor energi sedang mengalami dampak dari kondisi yang tidak terduga, terutama untuk perusahaan yang terdaftar di papan utama. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan fleksibilitas keuangan menunjukkan kemampuan yang lebih baik untuk mengatasi keadaan yang tidak terduga.
Combining Ecological Momentary Assessment and Social Network Analysis to Study Youth Physical Activity and Environmental Influences: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Dunton Genevieve F , de la Haye Kayla , Pollack Porter Keshia M , Lee Chanam 
Published: February 2025

Background
Physical activity (PA) is crucial for youth health, but up to 74% of adolescents fail to meet recommended levels, especially during summer when structured supports associated with school are not available. The social and built environments significantly influence youth PA; yet, their complex interactions remain poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and social network analysis to examine bidirectional influences among youth PA, built environments, and social networks during summer.

Objective
The objectives are to (1) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the combined EMA and Social Network Analysis protocol, and (2) identify phenotypes using person-level, microtemporal, and dynamic overlap between social and built environments.

Methods
This mixed methods feasibility study with an exploratory observational component will recruit 120 youth aged 12 years to 15 years from an urban school district in Central Texas, US. Participants will first complete a baseline survey to report their general social network patterns and environmental perceptions. Then participants will wear an ActiGraph LEAP accelerometer and respond to EMA prompts via smartphone for 7 days. EMA will assess real-time perceptions of social networks and surrounding built environments, which will be time-matched with accelerometer-assessed PA data. GPS coordinates will be collected with each EMA prompt to assess features of the built environment. Follow-up semistructured interviews will assess protocol acceptability.

Results
This study has been funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Data collection is expected in the summers of 2025, 2026, and 2027.

Conclusions
This innovative approach combines EMA, SNA, accelerometry, and GPS data to provide unprecedented insights into the dynamic interplay between social networks, built environments, and youth PA during summer. Findings will inform the development of more targeted, effective interventions to promote PA among youth. While limitations include potential participant burden and generalizability, the study’s strengths in capturing real-time, contextualized data make it a valuable contribution to understanding youth PA determinants.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/68667
Existenzielle Armut bei Kindern und Wege ihrer Bekämpfung. Erkenntnisse aus der Wirkungsforschung zu einer Einrichtung in Dumbrăveni/Elisabethstadt (Siebenbürgen)
Authors: Gaisbauer Helmut P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article presents key findings from a study conducted from 2017 to 2024 to validate the educational and social project “L.I.F.T. – Lernen.Integration.Förderung. Tagesbetreuung” in Dumbrăveni, Transylvania, which was started by Diakonie International in 2016. The study was based on an innovative heuristic called Existential Poverty, which applies key elements of the psychotherapeutic theoretical school of existential analysis and logotherapy to poverty research. Central to this is the interpretation of the structural model of existence with its four basic dimensions and the prerequisites for personal action formulated, which can be deprived for socio-pathological reasons of poverty and social exclusion. On this basis, it is possible both to decipher the poverty-induced living environment of the children who attend the facility and to describe and evaluate the compensatory effects of the services provided by the validated day center.
Aquaporin-9 as a biomarker for hydrocephalus: Insights from experimental rat models
Authors: Kusumo Catur , Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin , Suryaningtyas Wihasto , Fahmi Achmad , Utomo Budi , Sudiana I Ketut 
Published: February 2025

Background
Hydrocephalus, characterized by ventricular enlargement often associated with elevated intracranial pressure, necessitates reliable biomarkers for accurate diagnosis. Aquaporin-9 (AQP-9), localized at the interface of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces and blood vessels, plays a critical role in brain water homeostasis but remains underexplored in the context of hydrocephalus. Further investigation into AQP-9 expression in CSF is essential to elucidate its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and its role in hydrocephalus pathophysiology.

Methods
This experimental study utilized 10–12-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 200–250 g, randomly assigned to three groups. CSF served as the primary unit of analysis. AQP-9 levels were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Sandwich method, with CSF sampling conducted at 7-day intervals over 21 days.

Results
AQP-9 levels were significantly elevated in hydrocephalic mice compared to controls, with the highest levels on day 21 (887.62 ± 88.72). CSF drainage resulted in a notable reduction in AQP-9 levels at all time points. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences across groups (P < 0.05), with post hoc tests showing meaningful reductions in AQP-9 levels after drainage compared to hydrocephalic states. These findings suggest AQP-9 as a potential biomarker for hydrocephalus diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic response.

Conclusion
AQP-9 shows promise as a biomarker for hydrocephalus, with levels reflecting disease progression and decreasing after CSF drainage. This highlights its potential for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, warranting further validation.
Off-label use of the pipeline embolization device for reconstruction of the extracranial internal carotid artery
Authors: Jee Elizabeth , Ansari Junaid , Kandregula Sandeep , Chokhawala Himanshu , Sharma Pankaj , Guthikonda Bharat , Cuellar Saenz Hugo , Savardekar Amey 
Published: February 2025

Background
Internal carotid artery dissection (ICD) is a common cause of cerebral ischemia in adults. Medical management has been the standard of care; however, endovascular internal carotid artery (ICA) reconstruction has certain indications. The pipeline™ embolization device (PED) is a flow-diverting (low porosity), self-expanding, braided platinum and nickel-cobalt chromium alloy stent and is indicated for wide neck or large aneurysms of the ICA from the petrous to the superior hypophyseal segments. The flexible nature of PED stents, with their high wall coverage, makes them amenable as stents for reconstructing arterial dissections diagnosed in the tortuous segments of the extracranial ICA. We present our experience using PEDs for ICA reconstruction in cases of distal cervical or petrous segment dissection or dissecting aneurysms and review the literature on this contemporary indication of flow diverter devices.

Methods
This study was a retrospective review of patients with ICD or dissecting aneurysms who underwent endovascular reconstruction at our center using PED stent implants. Patients were selected based on pre-morbid modified Rankin Scores ≤1a and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥3 and radiologic data consistent with ICA dissection.

Results
Eight patients with a mean age of 55.6 years (range: 31–82 years) and median NIHSS score of 8 (Interquartile range IQR: 2.75–16) who underwent off-label PED surgery were analyzed and are illustrated in this short series. The technical success rate was 100%, with all cases achieving reperfusions of thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grades ≥2b.

Conclusion
In our series of patients with distal cervical or petrous segment ICD or dissecting aneurysms, we found the PED to be feasible, safe, and effective in achieving arterial recanalization. Further studies will clarify the role of this technique.
Localized Diffusion Processes in the Growth of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Whiskers and Platelets on Iron
Authors: Gulbransen E.A. , Copan T.P. , Andrew K.F. 
Published: February 2025

Electron optical studies of the oxidation of iron shows a wide variety of localized oxidation processes occur. Long oxide whiskers, blade shaped and rounded oxide platelets form depending on the environment, metal structure and stress. Selected area electron diffraction was used to determine the structural features of the several α-Fe2O3 crystals and their mechanisms of growth.