bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Responsive CPL Switches in an Enantiomeric Pair of Perovskite Confined in Lanthanide MOFs
Authors: Zhang Chong , Li Zhong‐Shan , Dong Xi‐Yan , Niu Yun‐Yin , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switches have attracted widespread attention due to their potential applications in advanced information technologies. However, the design and fabrication of solid‐state multiple‐responsive CPL switches remain challenging. Here, through self‐assembly of chiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), a pair of crystalline enantiomeric (P)‐(+)/(M)‐(−)‐EuMOF⊃MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3+, X = Cl−, Br−, I−) adducts is prepared, where the achiral MAPbBr3 perovskite NCs embedded into chiral MOFs inherit the chirality of host MOFs by host‐guest EuBr and PbO coordination bonds, which is demonstrated by synchrotron‐radiation‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The chiral adducts show enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), good thermal stability of CPL in air, and photoswitchable CPL properties upon altering different UV irradiation. Based on two chiral emission centers and their different characteristics, reversible CPL switches are realized upon a diversity of external stimuli, for example, chemicals (water /CH3NH3Br solution) or temperatures (room temperature/high temperature). Benefiting from the extraordinary stimuli‐responsive and highly reversible switchable CPL, multiple information encryptions and decryptions integrated with CPL, together with a chiroptical logic gate are successfully designed. This work opens a new avenue to generally fabricate solid‐state CPL composite materials and develops new applications based on switchable CPL.
Observation of Spin‐Induced Ferroelectricity in a Layered van der Waals Antiferromagnet CuCrP2S6
Authors: Park Chang Bae , Shahee Aga , Kim Kwang‐Tak , Patil Deepak R. , Guda Sergey Alexandrovich , Ter‐Oganessian Nikita , Kim Kee Hoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCuCrP2S6, a van der Waals magnet having stacked layers of 2D honeycomb lattice made of CuS3 triangles and CrS6 octahedra, exhibits an A‐type antiferromagnetic order with the Néel temperature (TN) = 32 K. Upon in‐plane magnetic field (H) being applied below TN, H‐induced modulation of the c*‐axis electric polarization (ΔPc*) is found at fields lower than the saturation field µ0HS = 6.1 T, at which a forced ferromagnetic alignment sets in. Based on the symmetry analyses and dependence of ΔPc* on H and the azimuthal angle of applied H direction, a microscopic origin of the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is attributed to the spin‐direction‐dependent p–d hybridization that is allowed due to the presence of off‐centered Cr3+ octahedra. A comparative study on CuCrP2Se6, however, finds no H‐induced P modulation due to cancellation of P between neighboring layers with the doubling of a crystallographic unit cell at TN. As the p–d hybridization mechanism allows generation of P in a single Cr atom–ligand pair, the results imply that large ME coupling should exist even in a single layer limit of CuCrP2S6.
The p.Thr395Met missense variant of NFIA found in a patient with intellectual disability is a defective variant
Authors: Ogura Yurie , Uehara Tomoko , Ujibe Kota , Yoshihashi Hiroshi , Yamada Mamiko , Suzuki Hisato , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro , Hirata Hiromi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNuclear factor one A (NFIA) is a transcription factor that regulates the development of the central nervous system. Haploinsufficiency of the NFIA gene causes NFIA‐related disorder, which includes brain abnormalities and intellectual disability, with or without urinary tract defects. Intragenic deletions, nonsense variants, frameshift variants, and missense variants in one allele of the NFIA gene have been reported to cause various neurological and urogenital symptoms. Here we report a 10‐year‐old male patient with developmental delay, coarctation of the aorta, and distinctive facial features. Exome analysis identified a rare de novo heterozygous missense variant p.Thr395Met in NFIA. We employed zebrafish as a model organism in our NFIA analysis and found that nfia−/− zebrafish initially showed a loss of commissural axons in the brain, and eventually underwent growth retardation resulting in premature death. Impairment of the commissural neurons in nfia−/− zebrafish embryos could be restored by the expression of wild‐type human NFIA protein, but not of mutant human protein harboring the p.Thr395Met substitution, indicating that this variant affects the function of NFIA protein. Taken together, we suggest that the p.Thr395Met allele in the NFIA gene is relevant to the pathogenesis of NFIA‐related disorder.
Male chimpanzee sexual coercion and mating success at Ngogo
Authors: Watts David P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a complex mating system in which both sexes use multiple tactics. Most copulations occur in group contexts, and high‐ranking males can gain high mating and reproductive success, but females typically mate with multiple males and the potential for sperm competition is high. Also, male‐female dyads sometimes form temporary exclusive mating associations (consortships). Male aggression to receptive females is common. Several studies have supported the hypothesis that this is sexual coercion, but debate exists regarding the importance of coercion relative to that of female choice. The number of adult males in a community can influence the balance between these processes. In the large Ngogo community, male dominance ranks and rates of aggression to fully‐swollen females were positively related to mating success as estimated by copulation rates and by proportions of copulations achieved. Aggression rates were higher than at other sites, overall and per male, especially during periovulatory periods, and increased with the number of males associating with a female. Aggression impaired female foraging efficiency. Males initiated most copulations and females rarely refused mating attempts. Male‐to‐female grooming was positively associated with male mating success and with the proportion of copulations that females initiated, but the amount of grooming was typically small and whether grooming‐for‐mating trading occurs is uncertain. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sexual coercion is an important component of male chimpanzee mating strategies in many sociodemographic circumstances, but also show that male tactics vary both in response to and independently of those circumstances.
Wellenlängen‐Orthogonale Versteifung von Hydrogel‐Netzwerken mit sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Truong Vinh X. , Bachmann Julian , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHierin stellen wir die wellenlängen‐orthogonale Vernetzung von Hydrogelnetzwerken unter Verwendung zweier stark rotverschobener Chromophore vor, nämlich Acrylpyren (AP, λAktivierung=410–490 nm) und Styrylpyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazin (SPP, λAktivierung=400–550 nm), die eine [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich eingehen können. Die Photoreaktivität der SPP‐Gruppe ist pH‐abhängig, wobei eine saure Umgebung die Cycloaddition hemmt. Durch den Einsatz eines auf Spiropyran basierenden Photosäuregenerator mit geeigneter Absorptionswellenlänge sind wir in der Lage, die Aktivierungswellenlänge der SPP‐Gruppe auf den grünen Wellenlängenbereich (λAktivierung=520–550 nm) zu beschränken, was eine wellenlängen‐orthogonale Aktivierung der AP‐Gruppe ermöglicht. Unser wellenlängen‐orthogonales photochemisches System wurde erfolgreich zur Entwicklung von Hydrogelen eingesetzt, deren Steifigkeit unabhängig voneinander durch grünes oder blaues Licht eingestellt werden kann.
Wavelength‐Orthogonal Stiffening of Hydrogel Networks with Visible Light
Authors: Truong Vinh X. , Bachmann Julian , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, we introduce the wavelength‐orthogonal crosslinking of hydrogel networks using two red‐shifted chromophores, i.e. acrylpyerene (AP, λactivation=410–490 nm) and styrylpyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine (SPP, λactivation=400–550 nm), able to undergo [2+2] photocycloaddition in the visible‐light regime. The photoreactivity of the SPP moiety is pH‐dependent, whereby an acidic environment inhibits the cycloaddition. By employing a spiropyran‐based photoacid generator with suitable absorption wavelength, we are able to restrict the activation wavelength of the SPP moiety to the green light region (λactivation=520–550 nm), enabling wavelength‐orthogonal activation of the AP group. Our wavelength‐orthogonal photochemical system was successfully applied in the design of hydrogels whose stiffness can be tuned independently by either green or blue light.
Relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and mesothelioma risk: A systematic review of the scientific literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Visci Giovanni , Rizzello Emanuele , Zunarelli Carlotta , Violante Francesco Saverio , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIonizing radiation and mesothelioma have been examined among personnel employed in nuclear power plant and patients treated by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). The association is still controversial; the purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence published in the literature regarding the relationship between ionizing radiation and incidence of mesothelioma and, if possible, estimating strongness of the association by meta‐analysis of extracted data.MethodsArticles included in the systematic review were retrieved by searching among the three main scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The literature search was conducted in June 2021. A meta‐analysis of random effects was conducted, stratified by exposure (EBRT, occupational exposure). The heterogeneity of the summary relative risks (RRs) was assessed using I2 statistics. Publication bias was evaluated graphically through the funnel plot.FindingsThe exposure to ionizing radiation could be a risk factor for mesothelioma: both for exposure to high doses for short periods (EBRT) (RR of 3.34 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.24–8.99]) and for exposure to low doses for a prolonged duration (exposure working) (RR of 3.57 [95% CI 2.16–5.89]).ConclusionsDespite the low number of mesotheliomas in the general population, the steadily increased risk among individuals exposed to radiation is still worth considering.
Automatisierte Probenfiltration zur Analyse intrazellulärer Metaboliten bei höheren Biomassekonzentrationen
Authors: Hans Enrico , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDie meisten Stoffwechseluntersuchungen hinsichtlich intrazellulärer Metaboliten für Corynebacterium glutamicum‐Stämme wurden bisher mit Biomassekonzentrationen ≤ 10 g L−1 durchgeführt. Innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass Untersuchungen bis Konzentrationen von 32 g L−1 möglich sind. Die Modifikation einer automatisierten Schnellfiltration weist den Weg zu weiteren zeitlichen Verkürzungen auf. Außerdem konnte mithilfe der Filtration der Einfluss einer genetischen Modifikation der Aspartokinase zur Unterdrückung der Inhibierung im Aspartatstoffwechsel quantifiziert werden.
Nutzung rheologischer Kennwerte zur Beurteilung der Schmierfetteignung bei tiefen Temperaturen
Authors: Hodapp Annika , Conrad Andreas , Hochstein Bernhard , Jacob Karl‐Heinz , Willenbacher Norbert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDie Viskosität und die Fließgrenze von Schmierfetten wurde im Bereich von 20 °C bis –40 °C untersucht. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit beider Größen folgt einem Arrhenius‐Gesetz. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Viskosität der Grundöle wird durch eine WLF‐Gleichung beschrieben und ist deutlich stärker ausgeprägt. Die Eignung von Schmierfetten wird über die Zugehörigkeit zu einer NLGI‐Klasse beurteilt, die anhand der Eindringtiefe eines Kegels in das Fett bestimmt wird. Dies korreliert eindeutig mit der Fließgrenze und ermöglicht so die temperaturabhängige Zuordnung eines Fettes zu einer NLGI‐Klasse.
Suppressing the shuttle effect in lithium‐sulphur batteries by defective single‐walled ZnO nanotube: A DFT study
Authors: Zou Jiaxuan , Cao Yongan , Zhang Bo , Wang Wenju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium‐sulphur batteries are regarded as one of the most potential energy storage systems with high energy density. However, the shuttle effect still limits the development of lithium‐sulphur batteries. The single‐walled zinc oxide nanotube is a one‐dimensional material that can be used as the anchoring material of lithium‐sulphur batteries. In this work, the anchoring performance of pristine single‐walled zinc oxide nanotube and defective single‐walled zinc oxide nanotube to polysulfides were studied by density functional theory, including adsorption energy, charge transfer, the highest occupied molecular orbital, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels. The results show that a single‐walled zinc oxide nanotube with three oxygen vacancies has the strongest adsorption ability and the highest conductivity. Our work provides a theoretical basis for single‐walled zinc oxide nanotubes to adsorb polysulfides. Single‐walled zinc oxide nanotubes can be used as a potential anchoring material to modify the cathode and separator to improve the cycle stability of lithium‐sulphur batteries.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Etavopivat (FT‐4202), an Allosteric Activator of Pyruvate Kinase‐R, in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind, First‐in‐Human Phase 1 Trial
Authors: Forsyth Sanjeev , Schroeder Patricia , Geib James , Vrishabhendra Leela , Konstantinidis Diamantis G. , LaSalvia Kari , Ribadeneira Maria D. , Wu Eric , Kelly Patrick , Kalfa Theodosia A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEtavopivat (FT‐4202) is an orally administered, small‐molecule allosteric activator of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase‐R (PKR) in clinical development for the treatment of sickle cell disease and other hemoglobin disorders. This randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, first‐in‐human combination single‐ascending dose and multiple‐ascending dose phase 1 trial (NCT03815695) evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of etavopivat in 90 healthy adult subjects. In 4 single‐ascending dose cohorts, 8 participants were randomized 3:1 to a single oral dose of either etavopivat (n = 6) or placebo (n = 2). In four 14‐day multiple‐ascending dose cohorts, 12 participants were randomized 3:1 to 14 days of etavopivat (n = 9) or placebo (n = 3). In these studies, most treatment‐emergent adverse events were of mild severity (grade 1) and none led to study discontinuation. Etavopivat exhibited a linear and time‐independent pharmacokinetic profile (at doses ≤400 mg) and elicited the expected pharmacodynamic effects of PKR activation (decreased 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and increased adenosine triphosphate) and evidence of improved hemoglobin‐oxygen affinity. In addition, pharmacodynamic responses were durable with effects continuing for 48 to 72 hours after the last dose, thereby supporting once‐daily dosing. Food appeared to have no clinically meaningful effects on etavopivat exposure, thus facilitating administration with or without food. In conclusion, the evaluation of etavopivat in healthy subjects demonstrated proof of mechanism (PKR activation) without significant adverse events. This study also allowed for the selection of dose levels, projected to have an acceptable safety profile and provide therapeutic benefit, for evaluation in future trials in patients with sickle cell disease.
Rare Tautomers of Artificially Expanded Genetic Letters and their Effects on the Base Pair Stabilities
Authors: Jena N. R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to expand the existing genetic letters, it is necessary to design robust nucleotides that can function naturally in living cells. Therefore, it is desirable to examine the roles of recently‐proposed second‐generation artificially genetic letters in producing stable duplex DNA. Herein, a reliable dispersion‐corrected density functional theory method is used to shed light on the electronic structures and properties of different rare tautomers of proposed expanded genetic letters and their effects on the base pair stabilities in the duplex DNA. It is found that the rare tautomers are not only stable in the aqueous medium but can also pair with natural bases to produce stable mispairs. Except for J and V, all of the artificial genetic letters are found to produce mispairs that are about 1–7 kcal mol−1 more stable than their complementary counterparts. They are also appreciably more stable than the naturally occurring G : C, A : T, and G : T pairs. Mainly attractive electrostatic interactions and polarity of the monomers are responsible for the higher base pair stabilities.
Nitrification and denitrification in the Community Land Model compared with observations at Hubbard Brook Forest
Authors: Nevison Cynthia , Goodale Christine , Hess Peter , Wieder William R. , Vira Julius , Groffman Peter M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractModels of terrestrial system dynamics often include nitrogen (N) cycles to better represent N limitations on terrestrial carbon (C) uptake, but simulating the fate of N in ecosystems has proven challenging. Here, key soil N fluxes and flux ratios from the Community Land Model version 5.0 (CLM5.0) are compared with an extensive set of observations from the Hubbard Brook Forest Long‐Term Ecological Research site in New Hampshire. Simulated fluxes include microbial immobilization and plant uptake, which compete with nitrification and denitrification, respectively, for available soil ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−). In its default configuration, CLM5.0 predicts that both plant uptake and immobilization are strongly dominated by NH4+ over NO3−, and that the model ratio of nitrification:denitrification is ~1:1. In contrast, Hubbard Brook observations suggest that NO3− plays a more significant role in plant uptake and that nitrification could exceed denitrification by an order of magnitude. Modifications to the standard CLM5.0 at Hubbard Brook indicate that a simultaneous increase in the competitiveness of nitrifying microbes for NH4+ and reduction in the competitiveness of denitrifying bacteria for NO3− are needed to bring soil N flux ratios into better agreement with observations. Such adjustments, combined with evaluation against observations, may help to improve confidence in present and future simulations of N limitation on the C cycle, although C fluxes, such as gross primary productivity and net primary productivity, are less sensitive to the model modifications than soil N fluxes.
Routinely measured cardiac troponin I and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide as predictors of mortality in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Eriguchi Masahiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Lopes Marcelo , Bieber Brian , McCullough Keith , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto , Robinson Bruce , Pisoni Ronald , Kanda Eiichiro , Iseki Kunitoshi , Hirakata Hideki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsCardiac troponin (cTn) and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are elevated in haemodialysis (HD) patients, and this elevation is associated with HD‐induced myocardial stunning/myocardial strain. However, studies using data from the international Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) have shown that these cardiac biomarkers are measured in <2% of HD patients in real‐world practice. This study aimed to examine whether routinely measured N‐terminal pro‐BNP (NT‐proBNP) and cTnI (contemporary assay) are more appropriate than clinical models for reclassifying the risk of HD patients who have the highest risk of death.Methods and resultsPre‐dialysis levels of cTnI and NT‐proBNP at study enrolment were measured in 1152 HD patients (Japan DOPPS Phase 5). The patients were prospectively followed for 3 years. Cox regression was used to test the associations of cardiac biomarkers with all‐cause mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess potential effect modification of clinical characteristics, such as age, systolic blood pressure, HD vintage, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and a history of congestive heart failure. At baseline, 337 (29%) patients had elevated cTnI (99th percentile of a healthy population: >0.04 ng/mL) with a median (inter‐quartile range) level of 0.020 (0.005–0.041) ng/mL, and 1140 (99%) patients had elevated NT‐proBNP (cut‐off for heart failure: >125 pg/mL) with a median level of 3658 (1689–9356) pg/mL. There were 167 deaths during a median follow‐up of 2.8 (2.2–2.8) years. Higher levels of both cardiac biomarkers were incrementally associated with mortality after adjustment for potential confounders. Even after adjustment for alternative cardiac biomarkers, the overall P value for the association was <0.01 for both biomarkers. However, the prognostic significance of NT‐proBNP was moderately diminished when cTnI was added to the model. The hazard ratios of mortality for cTnI > 0.04 ng/mL (vs. cTnI < 0.006 ng/mL) and NT‐proBNP > 8000 pg/mL (vs. NT‐proBNP < 2000 pg/mL) were 2.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.37–4.81) and 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.95–3.79), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the associations of both cardiac biomarkers with mortality were generally consistent between stratified groups.ConclusionsRoutinely measured NT‐proBNP and cTnI levels are strongly associated with mortality among prevalent HD patients. These associations remain robust, even after adjustment for alternative biomarkers, suggesting that cTnI and NT‐proBNP have identical prognostic significance and may reflect different pathological aspects of cardiac abnormalities.