bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratic Practices and Political Dynamics of Intra-Group Policy Formation in the European Parliament
Authors: Elomäki Anna , Gaweda Barbara , Berthet Valentine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role of the European Parliament’s (EP) political groups in making the European Union legislative process democratic has been mainly analysed in terms of party-political competition between the groups. In this chapter, we extend questions about democracy to intra-group policy formation and ask, how do political groups formulate group lines on policies and what impact does this have on democratic decision-making in the EP. We approach intra-group policy formation from the perspective of formal and informal democratic practices related to inclusion, deliberation and transparency that influence whose voice is heard. Our analysis is based on extensive interview data as well as the internal rules of the groups, and we pay specific attention to differences between the groups and the political dynamics within them. We argue that intra-group struggles about policy are as important for the democratic functioning of the EP as those between the groups.
(Disap)pointing in the Mirror: The European Parliament’s Obligations to Protect EU Basic Values in Member States and at EU Level
Authors: Morijn John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter 1 discuss how political groups use tools to protect EU values at both member state and EU level. I first survey the different tools used to protect EU values at member state level. I then focus on those available vis-à-vis the EU level itself, particularly the Electoral Act, requirements incumbent on Europarties and European political foundations to comply with EU values and the EPRoP. I conclude that political group’s track-record is disappointing and discuss what improvements could be envisioned to (better) reach the aim of protecting EU values across all political groups’ activities and across all levels of government.
The Compass Used for Qualitative Accounting
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere is another creative use of the compass by an institution. We re-name the wish spot “responsibility spot”. As an institution, it is not that we wish for the actual arrow to find itself in the wish spot, it is that we think we are successful as an institution when the arrow is in the responsibility spot. We fail in our responsibilities, as an institution when the actual compass arrow lies outside the responsibility spot. The further away, the less responsible we are.
Case Study I: The World Health Organisation, by Ana Mulió Álvarez
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe world currently faces the greatest challenge ever experienced by humankind. Climate change and environmental degradation threaten nearly every ecological cycle and living organism. Humans have disrupted the bio-sphere: from the composition of the atmosphere to the nutrient cycles of the soil. As recently stated by the UN “75% of land environment and some 66% of the marine environment have been significantly altered by human actions.” We are already experiencing changes in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and stronger and more destructive storms due to climate change. In a recent study, UK researchers found microplastics in every marine organism surveyed, in fact, by 2050 plastic will outweigh fish in the ocean., Such realizations inevitably lead us to wonder about how we got to this point and what we are going to do about it. More specifically, what is our role and purpose in our relationship with the environment? These concerns are deeply philosophical and real. The institutional compass provides a practical tool and a holistic framework of analysis for these complicated philosophical and political inquiries.
Adapting the Compass to Align with Ecological Economics Thinking
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe start with the general concepts included in ecological economics thinking. Ecological economists are normative in two respects. There is the scientific norm concerning some dependence relationships in the world and the law of entropy. There is a more ethical norm about the desire to align our life-styles with the dependence relationship and encourage others to share the desire for alignment.
(g − 2)e, μ and strongly interacting dark matter with collider implications
Authors: Biswas Anirban , Khan Sarif 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The quest for new physics beyond the Standard Model is boosted by the recently observed deviation in the anomalous magnetic moments of muon and electron from their respective theoretical prediction. In the present work, we have proposed a suitable extension of the minimal Lμ − Lτ model to address these two experimental results as the minimal model is unable to provide any realistic solution. In our model, a new Yukawa interaction involving first generation of leptons, a singlet vector like fermion (χ±) and a scalar (either an SU(2)L doublet $$ {\Phi}_4^{\prime } $$

Φ
4
′

or a complex singlet $$ {\Phi}_4^{\prime } $$

Φ
4
′

) provides the additional one loop contribution to ae only on top of the usual contribution coming from the Lμ− Lτ gauge boson (Zμτ) to both electron and muon. The judicious choice of Lμ − Lτ charges to these new fields results in a strongly interacting scalar dark matter in $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(MeV) range after taking into account the bounds from relic density, unitarity and self interaction. The freeze-out dynamics of dark matter is greatly influenced by 3 → 2 scatterings while the kinetic equilibrium with the SM bath is ensured by 2 → 2 scatterings with neutrinos where Zμτ plays a pivotal role. The detection of dark matter is possible directly through scatterings with nuclei mediated by the SM Z bosons. Moreover, our proposed model can also be tested in the upcoming e+e− colliders by searching opposite sign di-electron and missing energy signal i.e. "Image missing" at the final state.
Pentagon Wilson loop with Lagrangian insertion at two loops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Chicherin Dmitry , Henn Johannes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We compute the two-loop result for the null pentagonal Wilson loop with a Lagrangian insertion (normalized by the Wilson loop without insertion) in planar, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This finite observable is closely related to the Amplituhedron, and it is reminiscent of finite parts of planar two-loop five-particle scattering amplitudes. We verify that, up to this loop order, the leading singularities are given by the same conformally invariant expressions that appear in all-plus pure Yang-Mills amplitudes. The accompanying weight-four transcendental functions are expressed in terms of the pentagon functions space known from planar two-loop five-particle amplitudes, but interestingly only a subset of the functions appears. Being a function of four dimensionless variables, the observable has interesting asymptotic limits. We verify that our analytic result is consistent with soft and collinear limits, and find an intriguingly simple pattern in the multi-Regge limit. Thanks to the new result we can also conjecturally predict, for general kinematics, the maximal weight piece of the planar three-loop five-particle all-plus amplitude in pure Yang-Mills theory. Motivated by the Amplituhedron geometry, we investigate positivity properties of the integrated answer. Generalizing previous results at four particles, we find numerical evidence that the two-loop five-particle result has uniform sign in a kinematic region suggested by the loop Amplituhedron.
Biomechanical model registration for monitoring and simulating large orthodontic tooth movements in the maxilla and mandible
Authors: Schmidt Falko , Kilic Fatih , Gerhart Catrin Verena , Lapatki Bernd Georg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Superimposition of digital dental-arch models allows quantification of orthodontic tooth movements (OTM). Currently, this procedure requires stable reference surfaces usually only present in the maxilla. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of a novel superimposition approach based on biomechanical principles of OTM and the equilibrium of forces and moments (EFM)—applicable in both jaws—for monitoring and simulating large OTM.

Methods
The study included 7 patients who had undergone extraction of the first (PM1-Ex) or second (PM2-Ex) premolar in each quadrant. Digital models taken at start and end of the T‑Loop treatment phase were superimposed by applying 3 EFM variants differing in the number of teeth used for registration. Maxillary OTM results for EFM were validated against those for a conventional surface registration method (SRM). In an additional case study, OTM were simulated for PM1-Ex, PM2-Ex and non-extraction treatment strategies.

Results
The EFM variant that included all teeth of the dental arch achieved the highest accuracy, with median translational and rotational OTM deviations from SRM of only 0.37 mm and 0.56°, respectively. On average, retracted canines and first premolars were distalized by 3.0 mm, accompanied by 6.2° distal crown tipping and 12.2° distorotation. The share of space closure by molar mesialization was 19.4% for PM1-Ex quadrants and 34.5% for PM2-Ex quadrants.

Conclusion
EFM allows accurate OTM quantification relative to the maxillary and mandibular bases even in challenging situations involving large OTM. Superimposition of malocclusion and setup models enables realistic simulation of final tooth positions. This may greatly enhance the value of digital setups for decision-making in orthodontic treatment planning.
Further development of crew resource management training
Authors: Eismann Hendrik , Breuer Georg , Flentje Markus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Teams in anesthesia and intensive care work as high responsibility teams (HRT). Success in this environment partly depends on the use of nontechnical skills which can be learned through simulation-based training. A teamwork context analysis could help to identify training requirements for crew resource management training.

Material and methods
We used a multicentric observational cross-sectional study design utilizing survey methodology to evaluate the teamwork context of different work environments, using the 62-item TAKAI inventory. We surveyed anesthesia and intensive care staff from nine hospitals in Germany which provide varying levels of care.

Results
In total, 128 people (44.5% male, 53.9% female) from 9 German hospitals participated in the study. The topics “interconnectedness: departments”, “interconnectedness: information flow”, “dynamics”, “polytely”, “velocity of the team’s movement”, “velocity of system changes”, “hierarchy” and “hierarchy: leadership”, “shared task mental model”, “shared team mental model” and all aspects of the scale “adaptive behaviors” were identified as focal aspects to be implemented into Crew-Resource-Management (CRM) training for the evaluated work environments.

Conclusion
The TAKAI scales meet quality criteria (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.6) and are appropriate for use in the analysis of the teamwork environment. The results indicate many similarities between the work contexts surveyed but also slight differences. TAKAI can be an additional method to design an appropriate simulation training program for HRT in anesthesia and intensive care medicine as there does not seem to be a one-size-fits-all simulation concept. For a special focus on the needs of a work context, the easy to perform TAKAI analysis in the needs analysis step is worthwhile.
Strategien für die Schaftrevision
Authors: Hardt Sebastian , Schönnagel Lukas , Hipfl Christian 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Planung
Die Schaftrevision stellt in ihrer Operationsvorbereitung und technischen Durchführung eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Ergebnisse sind maßgeblich von der Defektsituation, der Qualität der Implantatentfernung sowie der Wahl des Revisionsimplantates abhängig. Patientenspezifische Faktoren wie das Alter, die Komorbiditäten, die Knochenqualität oder auch die Lokalisation des Zementes haben entscheidenden Einfluss auf die operative Strategie. Eine entsprechende präoperative Vorbereitung inklusive des Vorhandenseins von notwendigen Spezialinstrumenten, die essenziell für die schonende Implantatentfernung sind, ist unabdingbar, um das bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erzielen.

Therapie
Die knochenschonende Explantation stellt gerade bei festsitzenden Schäften und Zementresten, die ggf. weit über den Isthmus reichen können, eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In solchen Situationen sollte ein transfemoraler Zugang erwogen werden. Die zementfreie Reimplantation unter Verwendung von modularen oder nichtmodularen Titanschäften ist für die meisten Revisionen die derzeit bevorzugte Therapie der Wahl. Bei älteren Patienten mit niedrigem Leistungsanspruch oder schlechter Knochenqualität bleibt die zementierte Versorgung eine gute alternative Therapieoption.
Soil Microbial Community Composition and Tolerance to Contaminants in an Urban Brownfield Site
Authors: Mejia Maura Palacios , Rojas Connie A. , Curd Emily , Renshaw Mark A. , Edalati Kiumars , Shih Beverly , Vincent Nitin , Lin Meixi , Nguyen Peggy H. , Wayne Robert , Jessup Kelsey , Parker Sophie S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Brownfields are unused sites that contain hazardous substances due to previous commercial or industrial use. The sites are inhospitable for many organisms, but some fungi and microbes can tolerate and thrive in the nutrient-depleted and contaminated soils. However, few studies have characterized the impacts of long-term contamination on soil microbiome composition and diversity at brownfields. This study focuses on an urban brownfield—a former rail yard in Los Angeles that is contaminated with heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, and petroleum-derived pollutants. We anticipate that heavy metals and organic pollutants will shape soil microbiome diversity and that several candidate fungi and bacteria will be tolerant to the contaminants. We sequence three gene markers (16S ribosomal RNA, 18S ribosomal RNA, and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (FITS)) in 55 soil samples collected at five depths to (1) profile the composition of the soil microbiome across depths; (2) determine the extent to which hazardous chemicals predict microbiome variation; and (3) identify microbial taxonomic groups that may metabolize these contaminants. Detected contaminants in the samples included heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Bacterial, eukaryotic, and fungal communities all varied with depth and with concentrations of arsenic, chromium, cobalt, and lead. 18S rRNA microbiome richness and fungal richness were positively correlated with lead and cobalt levels, respectively. Furthermore, bacterial Paenibacillus and Iamia, eukaryotic Actinochloris, and fungal Alternaria were enriched in contaminated soils compared to uncontaminated soils and represent taxa of interest for future bioremediation research. Based on our results, we recommend incorporating DNA-based multi-marker microbial community profiling at multiple sites and depths in brownfield site assessment standard methods and restoration.
A host-vector toolbox for improved secretory protein overproduction in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Krüger Anna , Welsch Norma , Dürwald Alexandra , Brundiek Henrike , Wardenga Rainer , Piascheck Henning , Mengers Hendrik G. , Krabbe Jana , Beyer Sandra , Kabisch Johannes F. , Popper Lutz , Hübel Tanno , Antranikian Garabed , Schweder Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Target proteins in biotechnological applications are highly diverse. Therefore, versatile flexible expression systems for their functional overproduction are required. In order to find the right heterologous gene expression strategy, suitable host-vector systems, which combine different genetic circuits, are useful. In this study, we designed a novel Bacillus subtilis expression toolbox, which allows the overproduction and secretion of potentially toxic enzymes. This toolbox comprises a set of 60 expression vectors, which combine two promoter variants, four strong secretion signals, a translation-enhancing downstream box, and three plasmid backbones. This B. subtilis toolbox is based on a tailor-made, clean deletion mutant strain, which is protease and sporulation deficient and exhibits reduced autolysis and secondary metabolism. The appropriateness of this alternative expression platform was tested for the overproduction of two difficult-to-produce eukaryotic model proteins. These included the sulfhydryl oxidase Sox from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which forms reactive hydrogen peroxide and undesired cross-linking of functional proteins, and the human interleukin-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. For the best performing Sox and interleukin, overproducing and secreting variants of these new B. subtilis toolbox fermentation strategies were developed and tested. This study demonstrates the suitability of the prokaryotic B. subtilis host-vector system for the extracellular production of two eukaryotic proteins with biotechnological relevance.

Key points
• Construction of a versatile Bacillus subtilis gene expression toolbox.
• Verification of the toolbox by the secretory overproduction of two difficult-to-express proteins.
• Fermentation strategy for an acetoin-controlled overproduction of heterologous proteins.
Time is of the essence: past selves are not prioritized even when selective discrimination costs are controlled for
Authors: Englert Julia , von Lampe Karola , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe perceptual Self-Prioritization effect (SPE) refers to an advantage in attending to stimuli associated with the self relative to those associated with another individual. In the perceptual matching task, arbitrary pairings between oneself and other persons, and a geometric shape need to be learned. Apart from the SPE, this task also produces high matching performance for a close other. While cognitive representations of past selves are sometimes viewed as resembling that of an intimate other, and while there is some evidence that other types of psychological closeness modulate the SPE, it remains unclear whether such prioritization effects extend to past selves. Previous experiments on this topic required participants to distinguish between different points in time within the same task, raising the possibility that potential past self-prioritization was masked by task difficulty. In our experiment, we addressed this potential confound by presenting N = 118 participants with a simpler version of the matching task. We re-investigated self-prioritization in perceptual matching under conditions of mental time travel to the past. In line with previous evidence, we found clear prioritization of present selves, which was evident in response times, accuracies and the efficiency of practice. Performance was consistently poorest for the past self, indicating not only a lack of privileged processing, but rather a relative de-prioritization. Performance was not improved by either increased proximity of the time period in question, nor by experimenter-induced re-imagining of the self. Our results do not support a perceptual prioritization of past selves.
Eruption dynamics of Anak Krakatau volcano (Indonesia) estimated using photogrammetric methods
Authors: Hochfeld Isabell , Hort Matthias , Schwalbe Ellen , Dürig Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnalyzing video data from an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) of two short-lived dome building events at Anak Krakatau volcano (Indonesia), we determine vertical and horizontal movements of the dome surface prior to explosions, as well as initial eruption velocities and mass eruption rates via automated feature tracking and other photogrammetric methods. Initial eruption velocities and mass eruption rates are estimated as a proxy for eruptive strength. Eruptive strength is found to correlate with deformation magnitude, i.e., larger pre-explosion surface displacements are followed by both higher initial eruption velocities and mass fluxes. In accord with other studies, our observations can be explained by an overpressure underneath the dome’s surface. We assume that the dome seals the underlying vent efficiently, meaning that pre-explosion pressure build-up controls both deformation magnitude and eruptive strength. We support this assumption by a simple numerical model indicating that pre-explosion pressure increases between 8 and 16 MPa. The model further reveals that the two events vary significantly with respect to the importance of lateral visco-elastic flow for pressurization and deformation. The video sequences also show considerable variations in the gas release and associated deformation characteristics. Both constant and accelerating deformation is observed. Our case study demonstrates that photogrammetric methods are suitable to provide quantitative constraints on both effusive and explosive activity. Future work can build on our or similar approaches to develop automated monitoring strategies that would enable the observation and analysis of volcanic activity in near real time during a volcanic crisis.
Brain stimulation and elicited memories
Authors: Sjöberg Rickard L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Since the late 1930s, electric brain stimulation (EBS) in awake patients has been known to occasionally elicit patient descriptions of a form of memory flashbacks, known as experiential phenomena. One understanding of these sensations are as caused by an augmentation of the capacity for memory retrieval. However, an alternative hypothesis holds that memory flashbacks during EBS are “synthetic constructions” in the form of mental events, falsely interpreted as memories.

Methods
A critical narrative review is used to discuss the false memory hypothesis in relation to the current empirical literature and source attribution theory.

Results
EBS as well as situational demands in the form of interaction between patient and neurosurgeon may both lead to the creation of mental events and influence their interpretation in a way that may create false memories. The false memory hypothesis provides a potential explanation for several apparent inconsistencies in the current literature such as (a) the fragmented nature of experiential reports, (b) the ability of EBS to induce memory retrieval errors in controlled studies, (c) that Penfield’s elicitations of experiential phenomena are so rarely replicated in the modern era, and (d) the limited utility of techniques that elicit experiential phenomena in the treatment of memory disorders.

Conclusions
The hypothesis that experiential phenomena may largely be “synthetic constructions” deserves serious consideration by neurosurgeons.
Lifestyle taxes in the presence of profit shifting
Authors: Levaggi Rosella , Marchiori Carmen , Panteghini Paolo M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe consumption of unhealthy products generates significant externalities in terms of increased future health care costs to society. Lifestyle taxes are attracting increasing attention as a measure by which to discourage over-consumption and correct such externalities. This paper focuses on the trade-off that governments face in setting a lifestyle tax when the producer of the taxed good is a multinational which may engage in profit-shifting activities. In the absence of profit shifting, if governments do care about corporate tax revenue, the optimal lifestyle tax is always lower than the marginal health care cost. We show that, by shrinking the corporate tax base, profit shifting has the interesting side effect of helping to close the gap between the lifestyle tax and the marginal health care cost.