bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Printing Temperature on Bonding Quality and Tensile Properties of Fused Deposition Modelling 3d-Printed Parts
Authors: Pang R , Lai M K , Ismail K I , Yap T C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
FDM 3D-printing, is an additive manufacturing technology that is being increasingly adapted in the engineering industry due to its ability to produce complex design at lower costs as the materials are thermoplastic based. Due to the nature of its sequential layer deposition, the bonding quality is highly dependent on the temperature development during printing. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of printing temperature on bonding quality with regards to dimensional accuracy and tensile behaviour of the fabricated parts. The test specimens were fabricated using PLA material at different printing temperature ranging from 180°C-240°C at intervals of 10°C. Uniaxial tensile test according to ASTM D638-14 standard was conducted at a strain rate of 1 mm/min and was repeated five times for each variable. Results show that specimens fabricated at higher printing temperature have better tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength recorded for specimens fabricated at T=240°C and T=180°C were 36.97 MPa and 17.47 MPa respectively. Fracture surfaces were analysed and related with the tensile results to deduce the failure mechanism. The dimensions of the sample at printed different printing temperatures were measured using digital callipers and compared with the designed specification. Specimens printed at T=240°C had the worst dimensional accuracy, with a percentage difference of 10% although it yielded the highest tensile strength. The optimum printing temperature that yielded the best tensile behaviour while maintaining its dimensional accuracy was when T=220°C.
ANN based Multi Model Predictive Control for pH-Control
Authors: Pua ZY , Hermansson AW , Lim CH 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Artificial neural network (ANN) has many uses when non-linear behaviour is modelled. Here we are training a feedforward ANN that will mimic the behaviour of a Robust Model Predictive Controller (RMPC) for use in pH control. The training dataset were generated from running multiple tests on RMPC for different requirements and cases of pH-control. The training data focused on the control-inputs relating to the other process inputs. The training algorithm used in this neural network is Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm which is the most widely use algorithm in current machine learning industry. This neural network was trained by using the deep learning toolbox in Matlab®. Eight different cases is presented: four is for deploying neural network purpose, while the other four is for verification purpose. The result shows good control as long as the ANN-controller has been given a similar input and there are no multiplicity in the process input data.
Integration of neural network-based prediction for enhanced process controllability: application in hydrogen iodide decomposer for hydrogen production via water splitting process
Authors: Sirajul Adly SA , Mohd N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical cycle (SITC) process can be broken down into 3 sections. Based on the literature, there is limited study on the third section which is hydrogen iodide (HI) decomposition. In this work, a study to develop a model and controller of the HI decomposition is carried out. The goal of this work is to address this important gap, and more specifically to focus on the controllability of the HI decomposition section. Before the control and simulation study can be performed, a dynamic model of a HI decomposer is first established to obtain the baseline for the necessary data to be fed into the Artificial Neural Network for training to predict the correct outcome accordingly. The proposed controller is a Multi-Scale Control (MSC) integrated into an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model (ANN-MSC-based-PID). It is worth highlighting that; the proposed model-based control strategy has proven to effectively control the HI decomposition reactor.
Optimization of aniline removal using graphite assisted by response surface methodology and box-behnken design
Authors: Tan C X , Wong V-L , Yeap S P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of graphite as adsorbent in the removal of aniline by adsorption was investigated in batch mode based on four manipulated variables: pH of aniline solution (3, 7, 11), temperature of the incubator shaker (30°C, 40°C, 50°C), initial aniline concentration (5 ppm, 15 ppm, 25 ppm) and graphite dosage (0.5 g, 1.5 g, 2.5 g). The four manipulated variables were studied systematically through responses surface methodology (RSM) with 4-level of Box-Behnken design. A total number of 27 sets of designs with 3 centre points were created. The peak wavelengths of aniline working samples were measured at 230 nm and 280 nm using spectrophotometric method. Optimal condition of aniline adsorption revealed 15 ppm of aniline concentration with pH 3 at temperature 40°C using 1.5 g of graphite. The surface morphologies and atomic percentage of fresh and used graphite were examined by FESEM-EDX. Ultimately, graphite is proven to be an alternative in aniline removal, and more importantly, it is accessible easily as they require less processing and are abundant in nature.
Characteristics of alginate and soy protein isolates composite aerogels as oil absorbent
Authors: Roslan H S , Mustapa A N , Hanipah S H , Alias A B , Fuad F M , Martín Á , Cocero M J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Treating oil spill occurrence is crucial because of the toxic effects on marine life and the environment. Hence, absorption is used for a low-cost oil recovery process, simple mechanism, and sustainability to mitigate such occurrence. Synthetic absorbent is always associated with its poor degradability, which may cause water to turn toxic. Natural materials have been foreseen as excellent absorbent due to their cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and less environmental harm. In this work, alginate/soy protein isolates (SPI) aerogels are synthesized, undergo surface modification with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and tetraethyl orthosilane (TEOS) solution, and then dried by supercritical CO2 at 110 ± 5 bar and 40 °C in 4h to produce aerogels absorbent. The synthesized absorbents were analyzed via FTIR, TGA, DSC, FESEM, contact angle and oil absorption analysis to determine their physical and chemical properties. Results demonstrated that the hydrophilic surface of the alginate/soy protein isolate could be tailored in a simple surface modification process. Its oil absorption capacity towards the engine oil can reach a range of 9.1-12.1 g/g, comparable to most reported natural absorbents. Thus, the findings in this study show that alginate/ SPI aerogels may have potential as an industry oil absorbent.
A Sensitivity Study of Salt Concentration in Brine to The Solubility of CO2 in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Setiawan A S , Hamid M A , Mackay E J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In CO2 sequestration, four main trapping mechanisms are expected such as structural, residual, solubility, and mineral trapping. This paper aims to analyse the impact of salt concentration in brine on the CO2 solubility trapping mechanism in the saline aquifer. The CO2 solubility decreases with salinity. In this study, a sensitivity run will be done on an existing saline aquifer dataset to investigate the impact of salt concentration using the compositional mode simulation approach. Different types of salt will give different levels of CO2 solubility in an Aqueous solution, for example, at isotherm conditions and at increasing pressure, the same amount of NaCl will be more soluble. At the same temperature condition, higher salinity will decrease CO2 solubility with pressure increases and produce a salting-out phenomenon at the near injector area. The reference dataset was completed using the black-oil simulation with the gas-water system, where the CO2 act as the gas phase and brine as the water phase. The black-oil simulator can only handle isotherm and a single salinity value, which is 200,000 ppm in this case. Thus, this study is expected to give more information and improve the solubility trapping mechanism in a saline aquifer.
Baking Kinetics and Characteristics of Cake Mixture Formulated with Mealworm Powder
Authors: Hii C L , Kumaran N A R S , Cheah C H , Tan K L , Mistry B , Chiang C L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) was reported containing 24.3 to 27.6% protein content. However, public acceptance is still relatively low as many tend to reject it as a source of food. Hence, studies were carried out to incorporate dried mealworm powder into a standard butter cake mixture formulation. Yellow mealworms were dried using an air ventilated oven at 80°C. The dried mealworms were then ground into powder and added in a standard butter cake formulation (0%, 5% and 10%). Baking was carried out in a convective oven at 140°C for 30 minutes. Moisture content, colour, texture and protein content were analysed. The effective diffusivity values of the cake samples varied from 4.46 × 10-11 m2/s to 4.72 × 10-11 m2/s. Significant observations were recorded for the L

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and b

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values obtained among the cake samples. The firmness of the cake increased while the springiness decreased as addition of the mealworm powder was increased. An increase in protein content was observed from 5.99% to 11.12% with the addition of mealworm powder in the cake formulation.
Vectorial feature and evolution of run-in attractors for the AgCu-MoS2/AgCu10 tribo-pair
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhang Xin , Zhang Lei , Zhu Xiuchong , Kang Xiao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Run-in process is a very critical stage before the solid self-lubricating friction pair reaches a steady state. For the identification and prediction of run-in states for AgCu-MoS2/AgCu10 tribo-pair, it is important to understand its evolution law. The run-in tests were carried out under different conditions with a pin-on-disc tribometer, and its friction coefficient signal was collected. Reconstructing phase trajectories using phase space reconstruction and principal component analysis is presented. As an alternative to traditional parameters, we propose vectorial feature parameters with minimum cosine similarity (S_cos_min) and maximum distance between adjacent phase points (Dist_max). S_cos_min and Dist_max identify changes in state and characteristics of the run-in attractor, as well as describe its evolution. The evolution of transfer film morphology on the counter surface demonstrated that the vectorial feature parameters could be used as run-in criteria.
Comparative study of fabricated superhydrophobic surfaces via LST with carbon soot, chemical etching and auto-oxidation
Authors: Satyarathi Jitendra , Kumar Vijay , Kango Saurabh , Verma Rajeev , Sharma Nitin , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present work aims to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) on commonly used low carbon steel (AISI 1018). Laser surface texturing (LST) was used for creating circular textures on substrate while varying the diameter and pitch of the texture geometry with the help of fiber laser machine. Three different methods, (a) LST followed by waxing and candle sooting, (b) LST followed by chemical etching, and (c) LST followed by auto-oxidation were introduced to fabricate SHS and to make a comparison among them. Also, the mechanical stability and durability of the modified surface via these methods were evaluated by the mean of small-scale laboratory wear tests like tape peeling, sand abrasion, and water impact test. The developed surfaces were characterized for surface roughness, FESEM analysis, EDS analysis, besides water contact angle (WCA) and sliding angle (SA) have been evaluated. The highest WCA and lowest SA were discovered on textured and chemical etched followed by dip coated specimens and was found to be ∼159° and ∼5° respectively. However, the auto-oxidized laser textured samples showed best results among other methods in terms of mechanical stability. These processes are simple, effective and can be of great interest for producing SHS for various industrial applications.
Effect of fuel contamination on tribological properties of flex-fuel engines lubricating oils
Authors: dos Santos Rayzza Marinho , Alves Salete Martins 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Engines that allow the use of any percentage of alcohol and gasoline are flex-fuel engines. These motors face significant tribological challenges that seem to be associated with inadequate lubrication and severe tribochemical wear. The present work aimed to understand flex-fuel engines’ lubrication, friction better, and wear phenomena. Therefore, the authors analyzed the effects of adding percentages of fuels (ethanol and gasoline) to synthetic oil, evaluating the tribological performance of these lubricants. The lubricants were tested in an HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) in order to measure the lubricity, friction, and wear between surfaces in relative motion under load. During the test, the coefficient of friction (COF) was evaluated, as well as the wear characterization via SEM/EDS and AFM. The results showed that the contamination of the lubricant with the fuels studied in this work decreased its lubrication capacity. This effect was more pronounced for higher proportions of ethanol once it promoted a tribocorrosion on the surface.
Investigations on mechanical and wear behaviour of graphene and zirconia reinforced AA6061 hybrid nanocomposites using ANN and Sugeno-type fuzzy inference systems
Authors: P Haja Syeddu Masooth , V Jayakumar , Bharathiraja G , Palani Kumaran 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This research work investigates the mechanical and wear behaviour of graphene (C) and zirconium di-oxide (ZrO2) reinforced Aluminium alloy 6061 hybrid nano composites (AMMHNCs) fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method. Graphene and ZrO2 are selected as reinforcements for increasing the wear resistance and hardness of the base alloy AA6061. The mixing proportions of graphene and ZrO2 reinforced with AA6061 in weight are 100% AA6061/0% Graphene/0% ZrO2, 98.5% AA6061/0.5% Graphene/1% ZrO2, 97.5% AA6061/0.5% Graphene/2% ZrO2, 98% AA6061/1% Graphene/1% ZrO2, 97% AA6061/1% Graphene/2% ZrO2. Microstructural study was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopic images to analyse the dispersion of reinforcements in the composite. The results shown that, ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method improves the uniformity in dispersion of reinforcements. The hardness, tensile, impact and wear test were carried out based on ASTM standards to analyse the properties in the proposed composite specimens. It was observed that, the hardness, tensile strength and impact strength are increases by 21.88%, 69.42% and 78.57% respectively and percentage elongation is decreased by 63.52% with the increase of reinforcements. Wear resistance increases with the increase of reinforcements. In order to analyse the wear behaviour originality of new composite under wear test parameters, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) models were used to predict the wear rate for experimented and non-experimented parameters. The prediction analysis was useful in studying the wear behaviour of the composite. Comparative analysis for ANN and ANFIS was performed and the results shown that, ANFIS model predicted with accuracy of R2 with 99.9%.
Verification of a large-band metamaterial absorber and its application in the measurement of thermal properties of clothing fabrics
Authors: Huang Ge , Zhong Min , Su Nanguang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development and application of smart fabrics is a research hotspots in clothing fabrics. Accurately measuring the thermal conductivity of clothing fabric samples is an important basis for developing corresponding products. Here, thermal properties (thermal resistance and diffusivity) of clothing fabrics were measured through using a metamaterial sensor. The measured thermal resistance and diffusivity of the clothing fabrics could be affected by ambient temperature. The measured thermal resistance was also enhanced by increasing the fabric sample thickness. Similar resonance behaviors could be found in the fitted results based on the heat conduction theory. Finally, under the condition of the same thickness and temperature, the thermal properties of four clothing fabric samples were simulated and measured.
Intensified chipping during nanoindentation and the effect of friction on the interfacial fracture for thin films used in N/MEMS
Authors: Dash R , Bhattacharyya K , Kumar R P , Bhattacharyya A S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nanoindentation was performed on Ti-B-Si-C and SiCN films deposited on Si substrates at varying loads and depths of penetrations. The intensity of chipping got enhanced with an increasing load which was represented geometrically. The pop-in and pop-out events occurring in the load and unloading were explained as cracking and high-pressure phase transformation. The interfacial fracture stability and adhesion of the film-substrate system, crucial for N/MEMS devices were analyzed with respect to frictional coefficient with the help of Finite Element Modelling (FEM).
Reminding forgetful organic neuromorphic device networks
Authors: Felder Daniel , Muche Katerina , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Organic neuromorphic device networks can accelerate neural network algorithms and directly integrate with microfluidic systems or living tissues. Proposed devices based on the bio-compatible conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS have shown high switching speeds and low energy demand. However, as electrochemical systems, they are prone to self-discharge through parasitic electrochemical reactions. Therefore, the network’s synapses forget their trained conductance states over time. This work integrates single-device high-resolution charge transport models to simulate entire neuromorphic device networks and analyze the impact of self-discharge on network performance. Simulation of a single-layer nine-pixel image classification network commonly used in experimental demonstrations reveals no significant impact of self-discharge on training efficiency. And, even though the network’s weights drift significantly during self-discharge, its predictions remain 100% accurate for over ten hours. On the other hand, a multi-layer network for the approximation of the circle function is shown to degrade significantly over twenty minutes with a final mean-squared-error loss of 0.4. We propose to counter the effect by periodically reminding the network based on a map between a synapse’s current state, the time since the last reminder, and the weight drift. We show that this method with a map obtained through validated simulations can reduce the effective loss to below 0.1 even with worst-case assumptions. Finally, while the training of this network is affected by self-discharge, a good classification is still obtained. Electrochemical organic neuromorphic devices have not been integrated into larger device networks. This work predicts their behavior under nonideal conditions, mitigates the worst-case effects of parasitic self-discharge, and opens the path toward implementing fast and efficient neural networks on organic neuromorphic hardware.
Equitable urban water security: beyond connections on premises
Authors: Grasham Catherine Fallon , Hoque Sonia Ferdous , Korzenevica Marina , Fuente David , Goyol Kitka , Verstraete Lavuun , Mueze Kibrom , Tsadik Mache , Zeleke Gete , Charles Katrina Jane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite worldwide advances in urban water security, equitable access to safely managed drinking water remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Piped water on premises is widely considered the gold standard for drinking water provision and is expanding rapidly in small and medium urban centres in LMICs. However, intermittency in urban water supply can lead to unreliability and water quality issues, posing a key barrier to equitable water security. Leveraging mixed methods and multiple data sets, this study investigates to what extent urban water security is equitable in a small town in Northern Ethiopia with almost uniform access to piped water services. We have developed a household water security index that considers issues of quality, quantity, and reliability. We demonstrate that there is high spatial variability in water security between households connected to the piped water system. Moreover, reliability of piped water supply did not equate to high water security in every case, as accessibility of appropriate alternative supplies and storage mediated water security. Urban water planning in LMICs must go beyond the physical expansion of household water connections to consider the implications of spatiality, intermittency of supply, and gendered socio-economic vulnerability to deliver equitable urban water security.
REACH Worker Exposure Assessments: Ensuring Meaningful Health Risk Communication
Authors: Fransman Wouter , Otten Wilma , Marquart Hans , Preuhs Katharina , Willemsen Joeri , Boumann Henry , Gerritsen Rianda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Within the chemical legislation, REACH was implemented in order to improve safe working conditions with hazardous substances. Literature and real-life experiences by those concerned have shown that there are still gaps with a need for improved risk communication. This study elaborated on how information provided by REACH is understood and acted on by down- and upstream users, and how it can be further improved.

Methods
An extensive literature study including 21 studies and 13 tools was carried out. The outcomes were discussed and further supplemented by means of 18 interviews concerning 37 internal safety and REACH documents to build six different use cases representing different Dutch downstream companies. For the upstream perspective also 2 sector organizations and 2 registrants were interviewed. Three online workshops were organized in order to share insights and gather input on international recognition, potential suggestions and further recommendations with 30 participants from nine different EU countries.

Results
Although the methods to collect the data differed between the different stages of the study, the general results from all three stages elucidated similar themes in the data and each of the stages used the results from the previous stage as a starting point. Recurring themes concerned the (i) complexity of documents, (ii) deficiencies as experienced by SMEs in REACH, (iii) feedback and responsibilities in the supply chain, and (iv) the cooperation between REACH and OSH.

Discussion
The study at hand revealed that even though there are currently several activities to improve communication on safe-use of chemicals, communication on safe-use in the scope of REACH should be improved. This includes e.g. the future involvement of actual end-users in activities and development related to communication of safe-use information in the scope of REACH including feedback, less complicated and complex documents and clear communication concerning legislations and updates of documents. Furthermore, the issues recognized in the Netherlands are mostly also recognized by international workshop participants, thereby indicating international benefits in various areas by means of improved communication.

Conclusions
The study confirmed that many of our generic conclusions were already part of the shared knowledge in the REACH community, but that it is very valuable that this knowledge has been explicated, validated and reported in a structured way in the present project. Besides uncovering some crucial aspects that offer potential improvements regarding risk communication, this study offers possible solutions and next steps to be taken.