bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fresh look at the national penitentiary history (a brief review of the textbook by Professor Yu. A. Reent «History of the penitentiary system and justice bodies of Russia»)
Authors: Казанцев Валерий Николаевич 
Published: October 2022

История отечественной уголовно-исполнительной системы представляет собой сложный и до настоящего времени неоднозначно интерпретируемый предмет научного исследования. В обзоре утверждается, что автором представляемой книги на основе большого числа нормативно-правовых, архивных, литературных и социологических материалов не просто излагаются, но и глубоко анализируются особенности основных этапов развития системы формирований, исполняющих уголовные наказания. Учебник дает обширную информацию о структуре и функциях пенитенциарных органов и учреждений, специфике их деятельности в различных социально-политических условиях. Богатое иллюстративное сопровождение позволяет читателям составить представление об условиях службы сотрудников и труда осужденных. Представленные авторские материалы и выводы позволяют лучше понять историю тюремно-лагерной, а затем и уголовно-исполнительной системы, ее связей с органами юстиции и другими государственными и социальными институтами.
The history of the national penal system is a complex and still ambiguously interpreted subject of scientific research. The review states that on the basis of a large number of regulatory, archival, literary and sociological materials,the author of the presented book not only outlines, but also deeply analyzes the features of the main stages in the development of the system of formations executing criminal punishments. The textbook provides extensive information about the structure and functions of penitentiary bodies and institutions, the specifics of their activities in various socio-political conditions. Rich illustrations allow readers to get an idea about the conditions of service of employees and the work of convicts. The presented author's materials and conclusions make it possible to understand better the history of the prison camp, and then the penitentiary system, its relations with the justice authorities and other state and social institutions.
BİR TEKSTİL İŞLETMESİNİN BOYAHANE BÖLÜMLERİNDE YAPILAN VERİMLİLİK ÇALIŞMALARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ARAS ELİBÜYÜK Sultan , YUMRU Şaban , ÇÖREKCİOĞLU Mustafa 
Published: October 2022

Nüfusun artması, küresel ısınma, su kaynaklarının hızla tükenmesi nedeniyle su kullanımı konusunda kısıtlamalar artmış, yasalar çıkarılmakta, daha çevreci ve sürdürülebilir üretim prosesleri geliştirilmektedir. Boyahane işletmelerinde hammadde kullanımının optimize edilmesi ile ilgili çalışmaların sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Yüksek su tüketiminin yanı sıra, kimyasal madde (yardımcı kimyasal, boya, vb.) ve enerji tüketimi de dikkat çekmektedir. Ön terbiye, boyama ve diğer proseslerden kaynaklanan yüksek kimyasal yük, tekstil fabrikalarında kullanılan proseslere göre değişkenlik göstermektedir.
Firmamızda tüm üretim işlemlerinde kaynakları en yüksek verimde ve performansta kullanmayı hedeflediği gibi çevre ile dost, ekonomiye katkı sağlayan çalışmaları desteklemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Boyahane bölümünde de üretim yaparken enerji, su, kimyasal vb. gibi kaynakları da tasarruflu kullanmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmada firmamızın boyahane işletmesinde HT, Parça boyama ve Pad Batch işletmelerinde yapılan verimlilik çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Boyama prosüdürlerinde en çok enerji, su ve kimyasal harcanan adımlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yeni alternatif çözümlerle verimlilik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar eski yöntemlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapmış olduğumuz iyileştirmelere benzer çalışmalar, literatürde yer almaktadır. Fakat işletmemizde ilk defa uygulanmış, başarılı olunmuş ve diğer fabrikalara örnek olunacak proses adımları ortaya çıkmıştır.
SURDURULEBILIR VE ESNEK MIMARI YAKLAŞIMLARINA TARIHSEL SUREÇTE KURAMSAL BIR BAKIŞ
Authors: YILMAZ Halil , TOKMAN Leyla Yekdane 
Published: October 2022

Günümüzde insanların istek/gereksinimlerinin farklılaşması, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın gerekliliğinin artması sonucunda sürdürülebilir mimari ve esnek mimari yaklaşımları hızla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, insanların istek/gereksinimlerine cevap verebilmek ve dünyanın geleceğini korumak amacıyla, sürdürülebilir mimari ve esnek mimari yaklaşımları genel bir çerçeve içerisinde ele alınmıştır. Sürdürülebilir mimari ve esnek mimari, tarihsel süreci içerisinde incelenmiştir. Sürdürülebilirlik ile ilgili düzenlenen konferans ve toplantılara değinilmiştir.
Çalışma ile hedeflenen, sürdürülebilir mimarinin ve esnek mimarinin sürdürülebilirlik için önemli bir bileşen olduklarını vurgulamaktır. Bu anlamda, “gelecek nesiller için çevre ve insan istek / gereksinimlerine cevap verebilme” anlayışı içerisinde literatüre katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir.
Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China
Authors: Zhou Min , Zheng Guangjie , Wang Hongli , Qiao Liping , Zhu Shuhui , Huang DanDan , An Jingyu , Lou Shengrong , Tao Shikang , Wang Qian , Yan Rusha , Ma Yingge , Chen Changhong , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang , Huang Cheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Aerosol acidity plays a key role in regulating the chemistry and toxicity of atmospheric aerosol particles. The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers is crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols.
Here, we reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019
in eastern China, calculated with the ISORROPIA model based on observed gas
and aerosol compositions. The implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan led to −35.8 %, −37.6 %, −9.6 %, −81.0 % and 1.2 % changes of PM2.5, SO42-, NHx, non-volatile cations (NVCs) and NO3- in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region during this period. Different from the drastic changes of aerosol compositions due to the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, aerosol pH showed a minor change of −0.24 over the 9 years. Besides the multiphase buffer effect, the opposite effects from the changes of SO42- and non-volatile cations played key roles in determining this minor pH trend, contributing to a change of +0.38 and −0.35, respectively. Seasonal variations in aerosol pH were mainly driven by the temperature, while the diurnal variations were driven by both temperature and relative humidity. In the future, SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions are expected to be further reduced by 86.9 %, 74.9 % and 41.7 % in 2050 according to the best health effect pollution control scenario (SSP1-26-BHE). The corresponding aerosol pH in eastern China is estimated to increase by ∼0.19, resulting in 0.04 less
NO3- and 0.12 less NH4+ partitioning ratios, which suggests that NH3 and NOx emission controls are effective in mitigating haze pollution in eastern China.
How biogenic polymers control surfactant dynamics in the surface microlayer: insights from a coastal Baltic Sea study
Authors: Barthelmeß Theresa , Engel Anja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Surfactants can hamper gas exchange by up to 50 % in
coastal seas; however, their small-scale temporal and spatial dynamics are
poorly constrained. This study investigated possible biogenic sources of
surfactants in the sea surface microlayer (SML) and the underlying water at
a coastal Baltic Sea site. To relate surfactant dynamics to biogenic
production, we conducted two field studies (June and September 2018) and
focused on amino acids and carbohydrates as the main components of organic
matter derived from phytoplankton. Furthermore the composition of the biochemicals
provided insights into microbial degradation dynamics and was
complemented by flow-cytometry-based community analysis. In total, 76
samples were collected within an area of approximately 50 km2, allowing
for high spatial resolution. Moreover, morning and afternoon sampling
enabled us to investigate diel cycles. Our results reveal that
surfactant concentrations were tightly coupled to the abundance of
nano-phytoplankton and generally higher in September than in June, with cell
abundance 3 times higher. Surfactant concentration in June was best
explained by the combined effect of the particulate fraction of the
non-essential amino acid serine, the concentration of particulate combined
carbohydrates (PCHO), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Surfactant and
PCHO concentrations were significantly enriched in the SML and followed a
pronounced diel cycle, possibly linked to microbial processing and/or
photo-processing. In contrast to June, the surfactant pool in September
correlated to a diverse mixture of semi-labile organic matter components,
represented best by dissolved glucose and the essential amino acid
isoleucine. We conclude that the surfactant pool in surface seawater is
mainly composed of organic matter components that resist rapid microbial
degradation. Elevated surfactant concentrations are triggered by the release
of fresh organic matter. While the effect of the resistant but less
surface-active stock is potentially longer-lasting, the additive effect of
labile, highly surface-active agents on gas exchange may diminish on short
timescales.
Pitfalls and a feasible solution for using KGE as an informal likelihood function in MCMC methods: DREAM(ZS) as an example
Authors: Liu Yan , Fernández-Ortega Jaime , Mudarra Matías , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) is a widely used performance measure because of its advantages in orthogonally considering bias, correlation and variability. However, in most Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, error-based formal likelihood functions are commonly applied. Due to its statistically informal characteristics, using the original KGE in MCMC methods leads to problems in posterior density ratios due to negative KGE values and high proposal acceptance rates resulting in less identifiable parameters. In this study we propose adapting the original KGE using a gamma distribution to solve these problems and to apply KGE as an informal likelihood function in the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis DREAM(ZS), which is an advanced MCMC algorithm. We compare our results with the formal likelihood function to show whether our approach is robust and plausible to explore posterior distributions of model parameters and to reproduce the system behaviors. For that we use three case studies that contain different uncertainties and different types of observational data. Our results show that model parameters cannot be identified and the uncertainty of discharge simulations is large when directly using the original KGE. The adapted KGE finds similar posterior distributions of model parameters derived from the formal likelihood function. Even though the acceptance rate of the adapted KGE is lower than the formal likelihood function for some systems, the convergence rate (efficiency) is similar between the formal and the adapted KGE approaches for the calibration of real hydrological systems showing generally acceptable performances. We also show that both the adapted KGE and the formal likelihood function provide low performances for low flows, while the adapted KGE has a balanced performance for both low and high flows. Furthermore, the adapted KGE shows a generally better performance for calibrations of solute concentrations. Thus, our study provides a feasible way to use KGE as an informal likelihood in the MCMC algorithm and provides possibilities to combine multiple data for better and more realistic model calibrations.
Is the reputation of Eucalyptus plantations for using more water than Pinus plantations justified?
Authors: White Don A. , Ren Shiqi , Mendham Daniel S. , Balocchi-Contreras Francisco , Silberstein Richard P. , Meason Dean , Iroumé Andrés , Ramirez de Arellano Pablo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The effect of Eucalyptus plantations on water balance is thought to be more severe than for commercial alternatives such as Pinus species. Although this perception is firmly entrenched, even in the scientific community, only four direct comparisons of the effect on the water balance of a Eucalyptus species and a commercial alternative have been published. One of these, from South Africa, showed that Eucalyptus grandis caused a larger and more rapid reduction in streamflow than Pinus patula. The other three, one in South Australia and two in Chile, did not find any significant difference between the annual evapotranspiration of E. globulus and P. radiata after canopy closure. While direct comparisons are few, there are at least 57 published estimates
of annual evapotranspiration of either the Eucalyptus or Pinus species. This paper presents a meta-analysis of these published data. Zhang et al. (2004) fitted a relationship between the vegetation evaporation efficiency and the climate wetness index to published data from catchment studies and proposed this approach for comparing land uses. We fitted this model to the published data for Eucalyptus and Pinus and found that the single parameter of this model did not differ significantly between the two genera (p=0.48). This was also the case for all parameters of an exponential relationship between evapotranspiration and rainfall (p=0.589) and a linear relationship between the vegetation evaporation index and rainfall (p=0.155). These results provide strong evidence that, for a given climate wetness index, the two genera have similar annual water use. The residuals compared to the model of Zhang et al. (2004) were significantly correlated with soil depth for Eucalyptus, but this was not the case for Pinus. For Eucalyptus, the model overestimates the vegetation evaporation efficiency on deep soils and underestimates the vegetation evaporation efficiency on shallow soils.
Impact of grid spacing, convective parameterization and cloud microphysics in ICON simulations of a warm conveyor belt
Authors: Choudhary Anubhav , Voigt Aiko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts are important features of extratropical cyclones and are characterized by active diabatic processes. Previous studies reported
that simulations of extratropical cyclones can be strongly impacted by the horizontal grid spacing. Here, we study to what extent and in which
manner simulations of warm conveyor belts are impacted by the grid spacing. To this end, we investigate the warm conveyor belt (WCB) of the North
Atlantic cyclone Vladiana that occurred around 23 September 2016 and was observed as part of the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact
Experiment. We analyze a total of 18 limited-area simulations with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model run over the North Atlantic that
cover grid spacings from 80 to 2.5 km, including those of current coarse-resolution global climate models with parameterized convection, as
well as those of future storm-resolving climate models with explicit convection. The simulations also test the sensitivity with respect to the
representation of convection and cloud microphysics. As the grid spacing is decreased, the number of WCB trajectories increases systematically, WCB
trajectories ascend faster and higher, and a new class of anticyclonic trajectories emerges that is absent at 80 km. We also diagnose the
impact of grid spacing on the ascent velocity and vorticity of WCB air parcels and the diabatic heating that these parcels experience. Ascent
velocity increases at all pressure levels by a factor of 3 between the 80 and 2.5 km simulations, and vorticity increases by a factor of 2
in the lower and middle troposphere. We find a corresponding increase in diabatic heating as the grid spacing is decreased, arising mainly from
cloud-associated phase changes in water. The treatment of convection has a much stronger impact than the treatment of cloud microphysics. When
convection is resolved for grid spacings of 10, 5 and 2.5 km, the above changes to the WCB are amplified but become largely independent of
the grid spacing. We find no clear connection across the different grid spacings between the strength of diabatic heating within the WCB and the
deepening of cyclone Vladiana measured by its central pressure. An analysis of the pressure tendency equation shows that this is because diabatic
heating plays a minor role in the deepening of Vladiana, which is dominated by temperature advection.
Comparison Analysis of CNN, SVC and Random Forest Algorithms in Segmentation of Teeth X-Ray Images
Authors: Jyothi G. C. , Prakash Chetana , Babitha G. A. , Kiran Kumar G. H. 
Published: October 2022

In dental diagnosis, rapid identification of dental complications from radiographs requires highly experienced medical professionals. Occasionally, depending exclusively on a expert's judgement could lead to changes in diagnosis, that could eventually lead to difficult treatment. Although fully automatic diagnostic tools aren’t still anticipated, image pattern recognition has grown into decision support, opening with discovery of teeth and its constituents on X-ray images. Dental discovery is a topic of study for more than previous two decades, depending primarily on threshold and region-based strategies. In this study, we proposed segmentation based Teeth X-Ray images using a couple of machine learning algorithms as well as deep learning algorithms i.e., Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Random Forest algorithm and Convolutional Neural network (CNN) which would help us in accurate identification and classification. This article also presents a comprehensive comparison between these Algorithms.
The Factors Affecting Exports of Gum Talha after changing the Gum Arabic Specifications in 1998 Using ARDL Model
Authors: Hassan Elnasikh Sara 
Published: October 2022

This research aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the exports of gum Talha after changes in gum arabic specifications in 1998. Secondary data covered the period 1999-2018 was used. A co-integration analysis is performed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach. The study demonstrated the significant long-run relationship between exports of gum Talha and gum Talha FOB with an elasticity of (-1.67), gum Hashab’s FOB with an elasticity of (1.33) and lagged exports of gum Hashab with an elasticity of (1.34). Also, it demonstrated the significant short-run relationship between exports of gum Talha and gum Talha FOB (-0.96), gum Hashab FOB (.75), lagged exports of gum Hashab (0.14) and abolishment of monopoly using dummy variables (1.81). The demand for gum Talha export and Hashab gum FOB price indicated cross elasticity which was significantly elastic in the long run but insignificantly inelastic in the short run. The study concluded that there is an increase in the global demand for Sudan gum Talha but gum Talha and gum Hashab are not alternative export commodities.
Cross Sectional Study; Identifying Physical Activity Barriers Amongst Teenagers Who Are Obese/Over Weight by Appearance in Islamia College for Boys and Jinnah College for Women Peshawar
Authors: Amin Anam , Farman Ghazi , Amjad Aalia , Ahmad Awais , Arif Shahmir , Jamil Mashal 
Published: October 2022

Background: Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement that requires the use of energy, where it is recommended, that teenagers get 60 minutes of moderate to severe physical activity. However, almost majority of the teenagers around the globe are getting inadequate physical activity. Objectives: •	To analyze social, cultural and religious factors that aﬀect physical activity. •	To identify diﬀerent personal factors such as body image, self esteem and their eﬀects on physical activity. •	To identify ecological and academic factors leading to decrease physical activity and its associated comorbidities. •	To identify the role of government in evaluating the availability of sports centres and other facilities for adolescents /teenagers. Study Design: A cross sectional study Place and Duration: Conducted Jinnah College Peshawar and Islamia College Peshawar, during from the period March 2018 to May 2018. Methodology: Sample under study was based on teenage students (16 to 19 years) with a total size of 150 students that were part of bachelor program (BS Botany) , who were obese or over-weight by appearance. The students were given standardized questionnaires randomly, regardless of gender. Collected data obtained from questionnaire were analyzed. Results: According to the results, 94.41% students had barriers to physical activities while 5.68% had none. 75 students (50%) said that they did not have any previous bad experiences with their appearance while 30 students (21.7%) said that they did. More- over, 59 students (39.3%) said that their reduced activity was due to lack of time while 55 students (36.7%) felt that the lack of safe places was the causative factor. 60 students (40%) students felt that they needed a partner while 57 students (38%) just felt de-moti- vated. Conclusion: On the basis of this study, we conclude that majority of the students have various barriers regarding their physical activities. 94.31% of the students reportedly have barriers while 5.69% had no barrier whatsoever, and they were well aware of the consequences such as obesity, diabetes etc. Keywords: Physical activity, Barriers, Over-weight, Obese.
Comparison of Intravenous Versus Intra-Umbilical Oxytocin for Blood Loss and Placental Separation Time for Active Management of Third Stage of Labour
Authors: Saqib Shazia , Umer Sabeena , Khanam Saadia , Mudassir Asma Qamar , Bano Nosheen , Mubashir Hafsa 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To comparison intravenous (IV) versus intra-umbilical oxytocin for blood loss and placental separation time for active management of third stage of labour (TSL). Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was done at “The department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology”, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan from December 2021 to May 2022. A total of 100 women (50 in each group), aged 18-40 years with singleton cephalic pregnancy having active labour were randomly allocated to either Group-A (IV oxytocin) or Group-B (intra-umbilical oxytocin). Time of placental separation along with blood loss were noted in all women. Results: In a total of 100 women, mean age was 27.1±7.18 years. Mean gestational age was 38.12±1.3 weeks. Mean blood loss in Group-A (IV group) was 416.80±23.24 ml vs. 186.74±34.72 ml in Group-B (intraumbilical group), p<0.0001. Placental separation time was 4.84±1.22 minutes in Group-A versus 1.70±0.72 minutes min in Group-B (p<0.0001).	Conclusion: Mean blood loss and time of placental separation were significantly less with intra-umbilical oxytocin in comparison to IV oxytocin for active management of TSL. Keywords: Blood loss, intraumbilical, intravenous, oxytocin