bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dental Interns, House-Staff, Post Graduates, and Faculty of Dental Colleges in Kolkata City Toward Toothbrush Maintenance and Disinfection
Authors: Shirolkar Supreet , Gautam Surbhi , Gayen Khooshbu , Sikdar Rajib , Bag Anisha , Sarkar Subir , Roychowdhury Somen 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Toothbrush is essential for removing dental biofilm and preventing dental caries and periodontal disease. Toothbrushes become contaminated after repeated use, so disinfection is necessary for tooth brush maintenance. It is critical that dentists should have a current understanding and perception of toothbrush contamination and disinfection.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the dental interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of the dental colleges in Kolkata city regarding toothbrush maintenance and disinfection.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of dental colleges in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The data on oral health knowledge attitude practice (KAP) were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was evaluated in the form of frequencies and percentages.

Results:
A total of 138 participants responded to the survey. Knowledge regarding toothbrush disinfection was found to be in 84% of the participants with maximum in house staff with 75%. Majority of the participants will prefer chlorhexidine as solution of disinfecting the toothbrush. Ninety-seven percent of the participants think that the toothbrush disinfection is necessary for everybody.

Conclusion:
The majority of interns surveyed had no idea how to keep their toothbrushes clean. Despite being aware of the issue, some participants did not disinfect their toothbrushes. Education on how to use and maintain a toothbrush effectively would help to improve the KAP for toothbrush maintenance and disinfection.
Case Report: A Fatal Case of Latent Melioidosis Activated by COVID-19
Authors: Gulati Uday , Nanduri Ananya C. , Juneja Prateek , Kaufman David , Elrod Mindy G. , Kolton Cari B. , Gee Jay E. , Garafalo Kristen , Blaney David D. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT.
Melioidosis, endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, is an uncommon but frequently fatal opportunistic infection caused by the Gram-negative saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. We describe the first reported case of activation of latent melioidosis concurrent with COVID-19-associated lymphopenia and neutropenia in the setting of poorly controlled diabetes. A 43-year-old HIV-positive, diabetic man presented to the emergency department with persistent chills and progressive dyspnea. He was admitted for hypoxia. Chest X-ray showed bilateral parenchymal infiltrates suspicious for COVID-19. Shortly after admission, he became acutely encephalopathic, had a generalized seizure, and was transferred to the intensive care unit after intubation. Further workup showed severe neutropenia and lymphopenia. The patient received empiric antimicrobial coverage and was found to be severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive. He deteriorated rapidly with refractory shock and persistent hypoxemia, and died 40 hours after admission. Blood cultures and sputum cultures obtained via bronchoalveolar lavage returned positive for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Given confirmed compliance with antiretrovirals, stable CD4 counts, and no recent foreign travel, the patient likely contracted the B. pseudomallei infection from travel to Southeast Asia many years prior and only became symptomatic after succumbing to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This case highlights the importance of considering activation of latent opportunistic infections by COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients.
Penerapan Data Mining Dalam Pengelompokan Data Member Card Mitra10 Untuk Meningkatkan Rewards Terhadap Konsumen dengan Metode Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering
Authors: Wibowo Yudi 
Published: February 2022

Data clustering of Mitra10 member card, it is only based on the payment day by customer. And the total point only based on 0,25% calcutation of each payment. This is not so efficient knowing that there are so many ungrouping data that can be use for increase the rewards to the customer. In order to clustering the data of member card total point, it need a method of data clustering. The method election really affecting the result of data clustering. After all of the member card Mitra10 data transformed to the number form, then the datas can be grouping to fuzzy subtractive clustering algorythm. The data need to divided to some cluster : Select the amount of the cluster. In this research the data will be divided to 3 cluster. Select the center point of each cluster and fisrt center point selected randomly to generate main center point of each cluster. One data will be part of one cluster that has the smallest distance from the center cluster. Example for the first data, smallest distance get by cluster 1, so that the first data will be member of cluster 1. And so for the second data , smallest distance in cluster 3, so it will be member of cluster 3. In this iteration, center point of each cluster does not changed and there is no moving data to another cluster. Cluster 1 result: Has center (1,413, 1,195, 1,695) cluster 1 dominated by the bronze group. Cluster 2 result: Has center (2,658, 1,219, 1,585) cluster 2 dominated by the silver group. Cluster 3 result: Has center (4, 1,8, 3) cluster 3 dominated by the silver group
How do Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth affect CropsProduction in Pakistan?
Authors: Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Aslam Abdul Rehman , Farooq Fatima , Faheem Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Climate change has become one of the most imperative problems of this century. Climate change is a grave global threat, and Pakistan has been ranked eighth on the list of countries most vulnerable to climate change by the German watch Global Climate Risk Index. The increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), the foremost contributor to environmental degradation, seems to provoke this problem. Agriculture-based economies have always been dependent on the vagaries of nature and climate. Present study analyses the climate change, environmental degradation, input index and economic growth impact on crops production in Pakistanfrom 1977 to 2016. Our study employsAuto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to check the long run association among the variables. The results shows that positive association among climate change and crops production in the longrun.On the behalf of results policymakers must drive attention to adopt advanced cultivation processes using farming practice through international research institutions' assistance to further improve crops production in Pakistan.
Pengendalian Kualitas Pengolahan Kulit Uptd Kota Padang Panjang Menggunakan Metode Six-Sigma
Authors: Farid Mohammad , Yulius Henny , Irsan Irsan , Susriyati Susriyati , Maulana Bobby 
Published: February 2022

Pengendalian kualitas merupakan langkah penting yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisasi produk cacat. Setiap perusahaan baik jasa maupun manukfaktur berusaha agar kualitas produknya tetap terjaga. Salah satunya adalah pada UPTD pengolahan kulit Kota Padang Panjang yang bergerak dalam bidang jasa pengolahan kulit. Berdasarkan hasil survei lapangan, maka didapatkan adanya kecacatan yang terjadi selama proses pengolahan kulit seperti kulit robek dan lainnya. Penyebab Defect pada proses pengolahan kulit dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti: manusia, material, lingkungan dan mesin. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan pengendalian kualitas dengan menggunakan metode Six Sigma dan mengidentifikasi faktor apasaja yang menyebabkan timbulnya Defect pada proses pengolahan kulit dengan menggunakan pendekatan Six Sigma. Pendekatan Six Sigma dilakukan dengan merumuskan Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) yang terjadi pada perusahaan. Berdasarkan pengolahan, maka didapatkan nilai Sigma pada proses pengolahan kulit tahun 2018 yaitu 3,086 3.0 dengan nilai DPMO 56398.10 unit untuk sejuta produksi. Nilai ini berada pada level 3 Sigma artinya perusahaan perlu meningkatkan kualitas proses pengoalahan kulit untuk mencapai Zero Defect.
Anthropologie et justice
Authors: Dupret Baudoin , Benalioua Mariam 
Published: February 2022

Dans les travaux d’anthropologie portant sur la justice, les questions de la domination, des inégalités et des discriminations de genre ont focalisé l’attention. Privilégiant une approche critique plutôt que descriptive, cette focalisation a entraîné la marginalisation de l’étude du fonctionnement ordinaire et concret de la justice. L’engouement pour la méthode ethnographique, voire praxéologique, permet d'entrevoir une inflexion de cette tendance.
Work Process and Hazard Analysis in Small-scale Gold Mining in Northern Philippines
Authors: Leung Ana Marie R. , Lu Jinky Leilanie 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Small-scale mining (SSM) is mining by individuals, groups, families, or cooperatives with minimal or no mechanization, often in the market's informal (illegal) sector. According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) in the Philippines, the gross production value of small-scale mining as of the 1st to 3rd quarter of 2020 was 0.5 billion pesos (1.05 billion USD).
Objectives. This study investigated the work process in small-scale mining in the northern part of the Philippines. It documented the occupational hazards that small-scale gold miners are exposed to in each of the work processes.
Methods. The target population is a community in the northern Philippines where the majority of the males are engaged in small-scale gold mining. This qualitative study used work observation and hazards analysis tools to investigate small-scale miners' work processes and hazard exposures.
Results. The most widely employed mining technique in the target community is dog-hole mining consisting of several sub-processes: tunneling, ball milling, and gravity concentration, cyanide leaching, and smelting. The occupational hazards identified were noise exposure from the dynamite blast, temperature extremes, and exposure to dust from dynamite blasting. The small-scale miners were subjected to prolonged crouching and bending, handling tools, and carrying heavy sacks filled with mineral ores. The miners resorted to improvised protective equipment such as wearing sleeveless shirts and drinking water for temperature extremes, distancing themselves from the mining blasts during dynamite blasting, and intermittently used carts with manual handling to transport ores packed in sacks. In the ball milling and gravity concentration process, machine-related accidents such as cuts from the crusher were observed. In cyanide leaching, which uses massive amounts of cyanide, the most prevalent hazards were heat, dust, and chemicals such as cyanide fumes. The risks included smoke from burning ore and coal and exposure to borax and nitric acid fumes in the smelting process.
Conclusion. This study documented the work process in small-scale gold mining and the hazard exposures in this type of informal industry. It is suggested that the local and national governments implement intervention programs for occupational health and safety measures, and social security nets are provided for the small-scale miners in Itogon, Benguet.
Analysis of Transport and Vehicular Crash Cases Using the Online National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (ONEISS) from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Lu Jinky Leilanie , Herbosa Teodoro J. , Lu Sophia Francesca 
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Around 1.35 million people die due to road traffic accidents yearly. In the Philippines, there is an increasing trend of mortality and morbidity caused by road crashes.
Objective. The objective of the study is to show the epidemiology of transport and vehicular crash (TVC) cases in the Philippines using the Department of Health (DOH) Online National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (ONEISS) from 2010 to 2019.
Methods. We used data from ONEISS, a web-based system to electronically capture injury-related data from health facilities, store data in a centralized and secure location, process and consolidate data, and transform this data into meaningful information. For Transport and Vehicular Crash cases, risk factors such as drug use, alcohol use, mobile phone use, seatbelt, and helmet use are included. There are also data on vehicle type, place of crash, and activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed to explore and analyze the ONEISS dataset, particularly the epidemiology of transport and vehicular crashes (TVC).
Results. There were a total of 296,760/894,989 (31%) patients admitted due to transport and vehicular crash (TVC) based on the 10-year data from ONEISS (2010–2019). There was an increasing trend in the number of transport/ vehicular crashes (TVC) during this period, with an average increase of 25.58% cases per year. Most victims were drivers (45.6%), males (72.5%), and from the younger age group (0-30 years old). Fatal crashes were observed to occur from 6:00 pm to 5:00 am while most accidents occurred during leisure activities (32.5%). The highest reported contributing factor was drunk driving (n = 25,537). There was observed low compliance on the use of vehicular safety equipment. The most common types of injuries for the TVC victims were abrasions, contusions, burns, and concussions while the vehicle most involved in TVC was the motorcycle. Motorcycle use was found to be associated with worse emergency room (ER) outcomes (p <.0001) and the highest injury types such as multiple injuries, abrasion, avulsion and burn. Alcohol use was also significantly associated with multiple injuries, abrasion, avulsion, burn, open fracture, open wound, and amputation (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. The trend of road traffic vehicular crashes affecting mainly the younger population has economic repercussions. Motorcycles are also most involved in crashes, hence, the need for motorcycle safety laws in the country. There is also a need to strengthen current laws and legislation governing road safety and to focus on structuring a systematic post-crash response for both the local government and hospitals throughout the Philippines.
Effects of Dicamba Herbicide on Tubercularia ulmea Canker Development
Authors: Jackson Marcus B. , Stack Robert W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) herbicide was applied to the roots of potted Siberian elm(Ulmus pumila)and Russian-olive(Elaeagnus angustifolia)trees in a greenhouse. Five herbicide concentrations were used: equivalent to rates of 0 (0), 93 (1/12), 140 (1/8), 280 (1/4), and 1,121 (1) g/ha (lb/ac) active ingredient. Two weeks after herbicide application, each tree was inoculated with a single isolate of the canker-causing fungusTubercularia ulmea. The experiment was repeated using two differentT.ulmeaisolates. Leaf cupping, a symptom of dicamba exposure, was evident two to three weeks after herbicide application. Symptoms occurred at rates of 140 g/ha (1/ 8 lb/ac) and above in the Siberian elms and the 1,121 g/ha (1 lb/ac) rate in the Russian-olives. All fourT.ulmeaisolates caused cankers, with canker size differences between fungal isolates and between tree species. None of the herbicide treatments increased or decreasedT.ulmeacanker size.
Red Ear Syndrome and migraine: case report and review of this peculiar association
Authors: Borri Juiliana , Silva Junior Hilton Mariano da 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The "Red Ear Syndrome" (RES) is a rare condition (about 100 cases were published in 25 years). It is characterized by episodes of hyperemia of the ear associated with burning pain. Although the association of this syndrome and primary headaches is contemplated in literature, its etiology and treatments are still poorly defined.
The aim of this paper is to report a case of RES related to migraine and possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Case Report: A 31-year-old woman presented with stabbing pain and marked erythema and edema of the right ear accompanied by burning and local hyperhidrosis. These attacks lasted 2 hours on average, and either occurred spontaneously or were associated with migraine without aura. The only means of relief during the attacks was cooling the local with ice.
Extensive laboratory-chemical, microbiological, ear-nose-throat, clinical and neurological examinations, magnetic resonance of the brain and cervical spine were unremarkable.
Conclusion: Uncertainty about the etiology of this syndrome is an obstacle to treatment. The frequent relationship between RES and migraine suggests that is necessary to investigate the syndrome in migraineurs. Furthermore, new reports about this disorder are important to increase the knowledge of physicians, to reduce the delay in diagnosis and suffering of patients.
A associação da dor cervical crônica e migrânea influência no desempenho do teste de resistência cervical?
Authors: Rodrigues Amanda , Bragato Marcela Mendes , Florencio Lidiane Lima , Bigal Luisa , Bigal Marcelo , Bevilaqua-Grossi Débora 
Published: February 2022

Introdução
O relato da dor cervical nos pacientes com migrânea pode contribuir negativamente para o aumento das crises de cefaleia e severidade da alodínia cutânea, com impacto nas atividades de vida diária.

Objetivo
Verificar se o desempenho de mulheres com migrânea durante o teste de resistência muscular cervical é afetado pelo diagnóstico clínico de migrânea e/ou dor cervical, pelo relato de dor de cabeça e/ou pescoço ou ambos os componentes.

Métodos
100 mulheres estratificadas por diagnóstico (migrânea, dor cervical, ambas e nenhuma) e pela dor autorreferida (com ou sem cefaleia e/ou dor cervical) realizaram o teste de resistência muscular cervical. As participantes foram questionadas se tiveram dor no pescoço e /ou cabeça. Foi realizado teste T de Welch e o teste McNemar.

Resultados
Para o diagnóstico, os dados revelaram que durante o teste de resistência em flexão, os pacientes com migrânea e dor cervical apresentaram menor resistência quando comparados ao controle (p<0,05). Durante a extensão, os grupos de dor cervical com ou sem migrânea tiveram tempo de sustentação menor que o grupo controle (p <0,05). Na estratificação quanto ao relato de dor durante o teste em flexão e extensão, os dados mostraram que aqueles que relataram cefaleia, sustentaram por menos tempo do que aqueles sem cefaleia. Resultados semelhantes foram observados ao comparar aqueles com dor de cabeça e pescoço e sem dor durante o teste (p <0,05).

Conclusão
O diagnóstico clínico não foi único fator decisivo para o desempenho da resistência muscular cervical. A presença do relato de cefaleia associada ou não à dor no pescoço após o teste também limitou a atividade. Portanto, há um componente de sensibilização central que proporciona a alteração no desempenho, porém ainda não é possível determinar se é o fator que atua diretamente no baixo desempenho de migranosas.
Comportamento alimentar e hábitos de vida de universitários com migrânea na pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Silva Hellen Maria Santos da , Sousa Nathalia Herculano de , Pires Acássia Benjamim Leal , Araujo Ana Patrícia Pascoal Queiroz de , Sousa Maria da Glória Canto de , Santos Alcylene Carla de Jesus dos , Leite Luana de Oliveira 
Published: February 2022

Introdução
A migrânea é um tipo de cefaleia de origem multifatorial e é considerada uma doença incapacitante. A pandemia da COVID-19 provocou alterações nos hábitos de vida e padrão alimentar da população, que são importantes gatilhos para as crises migranosas.

Objetivo
Avaliar o impacto das mudanças no estilo de vida e alimentação impostas pela pandemia da COVID-19 quanto à ocorrência de enxaqueca em universitários.

Material e Métodos
Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem descritiva, realizado com acadêmicos de uma universidade de Salvador, Bahia, no período de 12/2020 a 06/2021. Os universitários foram convocados por meio do aplicativo Whatsapp® e, posteriormente, direcionados via link para acesso ao termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, que foi preenchido, assim como o questionário, via aplicativo de gerenciamento de pesquisa. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob parecer no 4.351.573. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados e Discussões: Amostra constituída por 83 indivíduos, 89,2% mulheres, 45,8% sedentários, 51,8% relataram aumento de peso nos últimos meses e 59% têm dificuldade para conciliar o sono. Antes da pandemia, 7,3% relataram 7-14 dias de enxaqueca por mês e, após, identificou-se aumento para 24,1%. Além disso, 36,1% dos acadêmicos associaram algum alimento às crises de enxaqueca, sendo os gatilhos mais comuns: café (20,5%), chocolate (14,5%), embutidos (12%), bebidas alcóolicas (9,6%) e açúcar (6%). Diante dos resultados, percebe-se que a pandemia implicou no aumento do número de dias com enxaqueca por mês, o que pode estar associado às alterações alimentares, à disfunção do sono potencializada pela crise sanitária, aumento de peso nos últimos meses, assim como devido à prevalência de sedentarismo observada.

Conclusões
As mudanças no estilo de vida e no comportamento alimentar ocasionadas pela pandemia da COVID-19 repercutiu no aumento de dias com enxaqueca por mês em universitários.
Cefaleia ocasionada por uso prolongado de EPI em profissionais da saúde na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Ribeiro Elayne Cristina de Oliveira , Santos Erlene Roberta Ribeiro dos , Valença Marcelo Moraes 
Published: February 2022

Introdução
Os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) fazem parte da rotina de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde. Durante a pandemia da Covid-19, a utilização foi intensificada e prolongada. A cefaleia é observada com frequência em profissionais de saúde pelo estresse e sobrecarga laboral. No presente estudo, exploramos a cefaleia por pressão externa associada ao uso prolongado de EPI.

Objetivo
Investigar a associação de cefaleia ao uso prolongado de EPI em profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia da Covid-19.

Material e Métodos
Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Utilizamos as bases de dados da PubMed e Web of Science. Os descritores de busca foram: “Headache”, “Mask N95”, “Face shield”, “Protective goggles” e “Personal protective equipament”. Como critério de inclusão, resgatamos somente artigos originais completos. A análise foi realizada por 2 pesquisadoras.

Resultados e Discussões
Inicialmente, foram resgatados 38 estudos, sendo 28 excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo o produto 10 artigos. Foi observado que o uso ininterrupto do EPI por 4 horas pode causar eventos adversos. A cefaleia foi o evento presente em todos os estudos (n=10/10). Um deles, atribuiu a cefaleia pré-existente como fator que contribui para intensificar a cefaleia por pressão. Outros eventos foram relatados como: marcas e vermelhidão na pele por pressão do EPI; concentração reduzida; falta de ar. A máscara N-95 foi o EPI mais utilizado (n=10/10), seguido dos óculos de proteção (n=6/10) e face shield (n=3/10). A cefaleia foi observada com frequência mulheres e com episódios variáveis de até 6 eventos por mês. As regiões frontal e bi-temporal foram apontadas como locais de dor, que coincidem com as amarrações do EPI.

Conclusões
A cefaleia por pressão externa tem relação com o uso de EPI, o material de ajuste dos equipamentos é desconfortável, somado a rotina de estresse e longas jornadas de trabalho.