bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Associations of Prosocial Behavior with Peer Acceptance and Rejection in Adolescence
Authors: Chávez Daniela V. , Salmivalli Christina , Garandeau Claire F. , Berger Christian , Kanacri Bernadette P. Luengo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs most studies on the link between peer status and prosocial behavior are cross-sectional, conducted with children, and operationalize status as the difference between acceptance and rejection, it remains unclear whether peer acceptance and rejection are consequences or prerequisites of prosocial behavior in adolescence. To fill this gap, this study examines the bidirectional associations of prosocial behavior with peer acceptance and peer rejection with data collected at 3 time points, 6 months apart, in a sample of 660 early Chilean adolescents (M = 12.94, SD = 0.62; 55.1% boys). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that prosocial behavior positively predicted future peer acceptance, whereas peer acceptance had no significant effect on future prosocial behavior. The association between rejection and prosocial behavior was negative and bidirectional between Time 1 and Time 2. When a new academic year began, between Time 2 and Time 3, prosocial behavior negatively predicted rejection, whereas rejection in the previous grade level was positively associated with prosocial behavior at the beginning of the next grade. Multi-group panel analyses did not detect significant differences between boys and girls in the cross-lagged associations of prosociality with peer acceptance and peer rejection. The results suggest that acting prosocially can make adolescents better liked by their peers and highlight the possible importance of the transition to a new academic year for the prosocial behavior of previously rejected students. Implications for future research on peer relations are discussed.
Mapping and characterising buildings for flood exposure analysis using open-source data and artificial intelligence
Authors: Bhuyan Kushanav , Van Westen Cees , Wang Jiong , Meena Sansar Raj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mapping and characterisation of building footprints is a challenging task due to inaccessibility and incompleteness of the required data, thus hindering the estimation of loss caused by natural and anthropogenic hazards. Major advancements have been made in the collaborative mapping of buildings with platforms like OpenStreetMap, however, many parts of the world still lack this information or the information is outdated. We created a semi-automated workflow for the development of elements-at-risk (EaR) databases of buildings by detecting building footprints using deep learning and characterising the footprints with building occupancy information using building morphological metrics and open-source auxiliary data. The deep learning model was used to detect building EaR footprints in a city in Kerala (India) with an F1 score of over 76%. The footprints were classified into 13 building occupancy types along with information such as average number of floors, total floor space area, building density, and percentage of built-up area. We analysed the transferability of the approach to a different city in Kerala and obtained an almost similar F1 score of 74%. We also examined the exposure of the buildings and the associated occupancies to floods using the 2018 flood susceptibility map of the respective cities. We notice certain shortcomings in our research particularly, the need for a local expert and good quality auxiliary data to obtain reasonable building occupancy information, however, our research contributes to developing a rapid method for generating a building EaR database in data-scarce regions with attributes of occupancy types, thus supporting regional risk assessment, disaster risk mitigation, risk reduction initiatives, and policy developments.
Emotion and attention
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper first demonstrates that recognition of the diversity of ways that emotional responses modulate ongoing attention generates what I call thepuzzle of emotional attention, which turns on the fact that distinct emotions (e.g., fear, happiness, disgust, admiration etc.) have different attentional profiles. The puzzle concerns why this is the case, such that a solution consists in explaining why distinct emotions have the distinct attentional profiles they do. It then provides an account of the functional roles of different emotions, as tied to their evaluative themes, which explains and further elucidates the distinctive attentional profiles of different emotions, so solving the puzzle of emotional attention. Following that, it outlines how such attentional profiles are reflected in the character of emotional experience and its attentional phenomenology. The resulting picture is a more detailed account of the connections between emotion and attention than is currently on offer in the philosophical literature.
3D-Arterial analysis software and CEUS in the assessment of severity and vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: a comparison with CTA and histopathology
Authors: Fresilli Daniele , Di Leo Nicola , Martinelli Ombretta , Di Marzo Luca , Pacini Patrizia , Dolcetti Vincenzo , Del Gaudio Giovanni , Canni Fabrizio , Ricci Ludovica Isabella , De Vito Corrado , Caiazzo Corrado , Carletti Raffaella , Di Gioia Cira , Carbone Iacopo , Feinstein Steven B. , Catalano Carlo , Cantisani Vito 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Our purpose is to assess Multiparametric Ultrasound (MPUS) efficacy for evaluation of carotid plaque vulnerability and carotid stenosis degree in comparison with Computed Tomography angiography (CTA) and histology.

Material and methods
3D-Arterial Analysis is a 3D ultrasound software that automatically provides the degree of carotid stenosis and a colorimetric map of carotid plaque vulnerability.
We enrolled 106 patients who were candidates for carotid endarterectomy. Prior to undergoing surgery, all carotid artery plaques were evaluated with Color-Doppler-US (CDUS), Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS), and 3D Arterial analysis (3DAA) US along with Computerized Tomographic Angiography (CTA) to assess the carotid artery stenosis degree. Post-surgery, the carotid specimens were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, embedded in paraffin and used for light microscopic examination to assess plaque vulnerability morphological features.

Results
The results of the CTA examinations revealed 91 patients with severe carotid stenoses with a resultant diagnostic accuracy of 82.3% for CDUS, 94.5% for CEUS, 98.4% for 3DAA, respectively. The histopathological examination showed 71 vulnerable plaques with diagnostic accuracy values of 85.8% for CDUS, 93.4% for CEUS, 90.3% for 3DAA, 92% for CTA, respectively.

Conclusions
The combination of CEUS and 3D Arterial Analysis may provide a powerful new clinical tool to identify and stratify “at-risk” patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, identifying vulnerable plaques. These applications may also help in the postoperative assessment of treatment options to manage cardiovascular risks.
Dressing of hybrid-bonded graded diamond grinding wheels
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bergmann Benjamin , Raffalt Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor tool grinding, an optimization potential in terms of productivity is available using graded grinding wheels. This is especially the case when grinding flutes in cemented carbide. Due to the properties of the cemented carbide, high radial wear occurs. Depending on the geometry of the flute, the radial wear varies along the engagement width of the grinding tool. The varying radial wear can be compensated by load adapting the grinding tool properties along its engagement width. The adaptation of the wear behaviour to non-uniform engagement conditions results in non-uniform radial wear occurring under uniform engagement conditions. Indeed, this is the case when dressing these grinding tools. Therefore, this publication presents a method that enables the dressing of graded grinding wheels. For this purpose, four differently graded grinding wheels and two non-graded grinding wheels are dressed with SiC-rolls. Different SiC-rolls, as well as dressing parameters, are investigated. The contour accuracy after dressing is analysed using contour profiles in polyurethane. In the presented paper, dressing parameters are proposed which allow reproducible dressing of all grinding wheels used.
Genome-wide identification and functional prediction of silicon (Si) transporters in poplar (Populus trichocarpa)
Authors: Hassan Md Mahmudul , Martin Samir , Feng Kai , Yates Timothy B. , Yuan Guoliang , Martin Madhavi Z. , Martin Stanton , Muchero Wellington , Griffiths Natalie A. , Weston David J. , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSilicon (Si) enhances plant tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stressors such as salinity, drought, and heat. In addition, Si can be biomineralized within plants to form organic carbon-containing phytoliths that can have ecosystem-level consequences by contributing to long-term carbon sequestration. Si is taken up and transported in plants via different transporter proteins such as influx transporters (e.g., Lsi1, Lsi6) and efflux transporters (e.g., Lsi2). Additionally, the imported Si can be deposited in plant leaves via silicification process using the Siliplant 1 (e.g., Slp1) protein. Functional homologs of these proteins have been reported in different food crops. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify different Si transporters and Slp1 homologs in the bioenergy crop poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and A. Gray ex W. Hook). We identified one channel-type Si influx transporter (PtLsi1; Potri.017G083300), one Si efflux transporter (PtLsi2; Potri.012G144000) and two proteins like Slp1 (PtSlp1a; Potri.004G168600 and PtSlp1b; Potri.009G129900) in the P. trichocarpa genome. We found a unique sequence (KPKPPVFKPPPVPI) in PtSlp1a which is repeated six times. Repeated presence of this sequence in PtSlp1a indicates that this protein might be important for silicification processes in P. trichocarpa. The mutation profiles of different Si transporters in a P. trichocarpa genome-wide association study population identified significant and impactful mutations in Potri.004G168600 and Potri.009G129900. Using a publically accessible database (http://bar.utoronto.ca/eplant_poplar/), digital expression analysis of the putative Si transporters in P. trichocarpa found low to moderate expression in the anticipated tissues, such as roots and leaves. Subcellular localization analysis found that PtLsi1/PtLsi2 are localized in the plasma membrane, whereas PtSlp1a/PtSlp1b are found in the extracellular spaces. Protein–Protein interaction analysis of PtLsi1/PtLsi2 identified Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) as one of the main interacting partners of PtLsi2, which plays a key role in proline biosynthesis. Proline is a well-known participant in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. These findings will reinforce future efforts to modify Si accumulation for enhancing plant stress tolerance and carbon sequestration in poplar.
Fuel sources, natural vegetation and subsistence at a high-altitude aboriginal settlement in Tenerife, Canary Islands: Microcontextual geoarchaeological data from Roques de García Rockshelter
Authors: Tomé Laura , Jambrina-Enríquez Margarita , Égüez Natalia , Herrera-Herrera Antonio V. , Davara Javier , Marrero Salas Efraín , Arnay de la Rosa Matilde , Mallol Carolina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High-altitude island environments, with their characteristic strong seasonal contrast and limited resources, are challenging contexts for human subsistence. However, although archaeological contexts in this kind of setting hold great potential to explore the diversity of human biological and cultural adaptations, such sites are rare. In this paper, we present the results of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study carried out at Roques de García Rockshelter, the highest altitude cave archaeological site in the Canary Islands (Spain). The site was inhabited by the aboriginal population of the island and has yielded a rich archaeological context derived from combustion activity. We carried out soil micromorphology to characterize site function and lipid biomarker analysis to investigate the natural and anthropogenic organic record. Our data indicate that the aboriginal groups that occupied the site kept goats with them (in the rockshelter) and probably used Juniperus turbinata (sabina) wood, a current distant fuel source. These results suggest that the aboriginal societies of Tenerife occupied the highlands regularly, taking their herds and firewood with them. Further research is necessary to explore the use and exploitation of fuel sources, the seasonality of these occupations and their differences with lowland sites.
Shifting the social determinants of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Australian experience
Authors: Zorbas Christina , Browne Jennifer , Chung Alexandra , Peeters Anna , Booth Sue , Pollard Christina , Allender Steven , Isaacs Anna , Hawkes Corinna , Backholer Kathryn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe aimed to explore experiences of government-led actions on the social determinants of food insecurity during Australia’s COVID-19 pandemic response (which included novel, yet temporary, social protection measures to support Australians facing hardship during state-wide lockdowns). During November–December 2020, we conducted in-depth interviews with 24 Victorians who received government income support (prior to COVID-19) and the temporary COVID-19 specific payments. Interviews were guided by a theoretical understanding of the social determinants of health and health inequities, which we aligned to the social policy context. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, inductively coded, categorised and thematically analysed. Our sample included mostly women (n = 19) and single parents (n = 13). Interviews reflected four key themes. Firstly, participants described ‘battles all around them' (i.e., competing financial, health and social stressors) that were not alleviated by temporary social policy changes and made healthy eating difficult to prioritise during the pandemic. Secondly, housing, income, job, and education priorities rendered food a lower and more flexible financial priority – even with 18 participants receiving temporary income increases from COVID-19 Supplements. Thirdly, given that food remained a lower and more flexible financial priority, families continued to purchase the cheapest and most affordable options (typically less healthful, more markedly price discounted). Finally, participants perceived the dominant public and policy rhetoric around income support policies and healthy eating to be inaccurate and shaming – often misrepresenting their lived experiences, both prior to and during COVID-19. Participants reported entrenched struggles with being able to afford basic living costs in a dignified manner during COVID-19, despite temporary social protection policy changes. To reduce inequities in population diets, a pre-requisite to health, all stakeholders must recognise an ongoing responsibility for adopting long-term food and social policies that genuinely improve lived experiences of food insecurity and poverty.
Spectral characteristics of a microchip Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Elsafty Ahmed S. , Terra Osama , Sobee Mohamed , Sherbini Ashraf M. El , Sherbini Tharwat M. El 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrequency-doubled light at 532 nm from the microchip Nd:YVO4 lasers is a promising candidate to replace the widely used He-Ne lasers in length metrology due to their superior characteristics, low-cost and rugged structure. In this paper, the spectral characteristics of a commercial microchip Nd:YVO4 laser are investigated. The laser temperature is initially controlled to facilitate the study of longitudinal mode structure of the laser at different pumping current and temperatures. Additionally, a simple method is suggested to obtain a single-mode operation at a relatively wide temperature range, namely from 20 to 25.8 °C, and pumping currents from 300 to 385 mA. The frequency stability is evaluated after controlling the laser temperature to be 1.9 × 10–8 at 1 s. Additionally, parameters that are important for locking the frequency of the laser to a molecular reference transition are investigated such as laser linewidth and the relation between current/temperature and wavelength.
Fluctuation in Grocery Sales by Brand: An Analysis Using Taylor’s Law
Authors: Koyama Kazuki , Ito Mariko I. , Ohnishi Takaaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, Taylor’s law describing the power function relationship between the mean and standard deviation of certain phenomena has found an increasing number of applications. We studied the characteristics of Taylor’s law for branded product sales using point-of-sale (POS) data for brands sold in 72 grocery stores in the Greater Tokyo area. A previous study found that product sales follow Taylor’s law with a scaling exponent of 0.5 for low sales quantities and 1.0 for large sales quantities. In the current study, we observed Taylor’s law with cross-over for 54 product brands and estimated the value of the two coefficients in the theoretical curve to characterize the cross-over. The coefficients represent the fluctuations in the number of items purchased per consumer and the number of consumers in one store and in all stores. The estimated coefficients suggested the dependence of the features of Taylor’s law on the category to which the brands belong. We found that brands in the same category tend to share similar features under Taylor’s law. However, some brands exhibited specific features that differed from others in the same category. For example, for many brands in the Laundry Detergent and Instant Noodles categories, the number of customers purchasing the products in each store fluctuated significantly, whereas the number of purchased items per customer varied widely in the Japanese Tea category. In the coffee category, our results indicated that the degree of fluctuation in the number of purchasing customers largely depends on the brand.
A Study of the Ceramicisation of Allylhydridopolycarbosilane by Thermal Volatilisation Analysis and Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Print Lewis J. , Liggat John J. , Moug Stan , Seaton Helen , Apperley David C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAHPCS is a pre-ceramic polymer utilised as a precursor to SiC. An initial polymerisation to a cross-linked network is followed by a complex sequence of processes ultimately leading to amorphous SiC. Using thermal volatilisation analysis (TVA) accompanied with solid-state NMR (SSNMR), FTIR, MS, DSC and TGA the complete thermal profile was identified. Between 160 – 300 °C, AHPCS cross-links through the allyl group and undergoes some carbon-silicon rearrangement, with a volatilisation of low mass oligomeric material and significant volumes of hydrogen released from dehydrocoupling of SiH moieties. By 300 °C the allyl group is completely cross-linked but the polymer starts to undergo pyrolytic degradation of the network, with the release of chain fragments and low molar mass species such as methane, ethane, methanol, propane, propene and silane species. Hydrogen once again becomes the major volatile product above 400 °C due to higher proportion of dehydrocoupling forming Si–C and Si–Si bonds. Small chain fragments are seen in the form of larger alkyl silanes. These fragments come from the chain scission of the polymer at weaker parts of the network. The process of side group scission leads to further radical recombination reactions of silicon and carbon atoms to build the SiC network. By 500 °C higher proportion of dehydrocoupling occurs with recombination of Si–Si and Si–C species. The Si–H bonds in -SiH3 groups have completely cleaved along with C-H bonds in the CH3 and CH2 groups leaving SiC, -SiH and HCSi3 present in the material. This bond cleavage leads the silicon and carbon radical species to undergo radical recombination in the network with the volatile release being dominated by H2. By 650 °C the cleavage and recombination of remaining -SiH2-, -SiH- and HCSi3 groups ultimately form amorphous SiC. The volatiles released are mostly hydrogen with very few condensable products seen. Finally, SiC is then crystallised at higher temperatures forming β-SiC at 1100 °C and then subsequently α-SiC above 1500 °C.
Anisotropy of soil water diffusivity of hillslope soil under spruce forest derived by X-ray CT and lab experiments
Authors: Beck-Broichsitter Steffen , Dusek Jaromir , Vogel Tomas , Horn Rainer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe idea of the study is to indicate direction-dependent differences in hydraulic conductivity, K(Se), and soil water diffusivity, D(θ), as function of the volume fraction related to the fractional capillary potential for each of the characteristic pore size classes by extended anisotropy factors. The study is exemplary focused on a BwC horizon of a Dystric Cambisol under spruce forest formed on the weathered and fractured granite bedrock in the mountainous hillslopes Uhlirska catchment (Czech Republic). Thus, undisturbed soil samples were taken in vertical (0°, y = x-axis) and horizontal (90°, z-axis) direction. The D(θ) values and especially the D(θ)-weighted anisotropy ratios showed that anisotropy increases with the volume fraction of macropores, MaP (d > 0.03 mm), with r2 between 0.89 and 0.92. The X-ray computer tomography (CT) based anisotropy ratio (ACT) is larger for the horizontal sampled soil core with 0.31 than for the vertical with 0.09. This underlines the existence of a predominantly horizontally oriented pore network and the fact that weathered bedrock strata can initiate lateral preferential flow. The study results suggest that combining the hydraulic conductivity as intensity and the capacity parameter by means of diffusivity results in an extended anisotropy ratio which unveils the role of the soil hydraulic characteristics in generation of small-scale lateral preferential flow. In future, the small-scale direction-dependent differences in the soil hydraulic capacity and intensity parameter will be used for model-based upscaling for better understanding of preferential flow at the catchment scale.