bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits and concerns associated with blockchain-based health information exchange (HIE): a qualitative study from physicians' perspectives
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pouyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize information sharing in companies. Many studies suggest using blockchain-powered platforms to replace existing mechanisms for health information exchange (HIE) across healthcare organizations. However, very few blockchain-based projects have been implemented in the healthcare sector. This study takes a qualitative approach to explore benefits, concerns, and barriers to the rollout of blockchain in HIE projects from physicians' perspectives.

Methods
The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was used to help us better understand root causes, existing problems, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and suggestions. In-depth interviews have been conducted with 38 physicians in six months. The data were analyzed and coded using NVIVO to classify conceptually similar themes mentioned by the interviewees.

Results
In total, seven themes have been identified. The key benefits are categorized into three themes: innovative technological features, collaborative ecosystem, and system performance. The main concerns and risks are categorized into four themes: individual, organizational, technological, and market-related issues. The findings can contribute to knowledge by highlighting key values expected from blockchain technology in HIEs. The results also explore obstacles to leveraging the blockchain in healthcare from the perspectives of an important stakeholder (physicians).

Conclusions
The results show that although blockchain technology may create several benefits (e.g., innovative technological features, collaborative ecosystem, and system performance), its applications in healthcare are still in their early stages. The perceptions of the individual issues (e.g., lack of knowledge), organizational issues (e.g., implementation issues), technological issues (e.g., blockchain model types), and market-related issues (e.g., regulatory concerns) indicate that blockchain-based applications in healthcare continue to be an emerging field. This study has practical implications as understanding these concerns can help developers and healthcare managers identify potential issues in the planning, developing, and implementing blockchain-based HIE systems. Addressing these barriers would support the widespread use of blockchain-based HIEs in different healthcare settings and facilitate interoperability and connectivity in regional and community health information networks.
Neurobiological and epigenetic perspectives on hedonism, altruism and conscience
Authors: De Silva Prasanna N. 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYThis article examines notions of hedonism, altruism and conscience in relation to the activity of four neurotransmitter pathways: the dopamine reward, noradrenaline fight or flight, serotonin calming and glutamine learning pathways. Associated brain areas that modulate behaviour are highlighted: the prefrontal cortex (activity planning, risk mitigation), the hippocampus (memory retrieval) and the insular cortex (integration of information to decide on action). Putative epigenetic changes influencing adult behaviours after childhood privation are discussed. Pharmacological and psychological means of mitigating harmful behaviours are summarised, alongside the ethics of epigenetic screening to predict future addictive and violent tendencies.
A World of Entrepreneurs: The Establishment of International Agribusiness During the Spanish Pork and Poultry Boom, 1950–2000
Authors: CLAR ERNESTO 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The development of intensive livestock farming in Western Europe after 1950 has been somewhat overlooked by historians, except in a number of macroeconomic works. This process has generally been understood as the application of the American agribusiness model to the European livestock sector through the direct and vertical connection between large feed companies and local farmers. Spain is a good place to test this idea, given the phenomenal expansion experienced by its livestock sector in the second half of the twentieth century and the strong influence large multinational, particularly American, feed manufacturers had on this growth. Oral histories offer insight into the microeconomic forces at work in the recent development of Spanish livestock farming and highlight the role of local entrepreneurs in the establishment of livestock agribusiness.
Health care cost of crusted scabies in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Campbell Margaret , van der Linden Naomi , Gardner Karen , Dickinson Helen , Agostino Jason , Dowden Michelle , O’Meara Irene , Scolyer Meg , Woerle Hannah , Viney Rosalie , van Gool Kees 
Published: March 2022

Background
Crusted scabies is a debilitating dermatological condition. Although still relatively rare in the urban areas of Australia, rates of crusted scabies in remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory (NT) are reported to be among the highest in the world.

Objective
To estimate the health system costs associated with diagnosing, treating and managing crusted scabies.

Methods
A disease pathway model was developed to identify the major phases of managing crusted scabies. In recognition of the higher resource use required to treat more severe cases, the pathway differentiates between crusted scabies severity grades. The disease pathway model was populated with data from a clinical audit of 42 crusted scabies patients diagnosed in the Top-End of Australia’s Northern Territory between July 1, 2016 and May 1, 2018. These data were combined with standard Australian unit costs to calculate the expected costs per patient over a 12-month period, as well as the overall population cost for treating crusted scabies.

Findings
The expected health care cost per patient diagnosed with crusted scabies is $35,418 Australian dollars (AUD) (95% CI: $27,000 to $43,800), resulting in an overall cost of $1,558,392AUD (95% CI: $1,188,000 to $1,927,200) for managing all patients diagnosed in the Northern Territory in a given year (2018). By far, the biggest component of the health care costs falls on the hospital system.

Discussion
This is the first cost-of-illness analysis for treating crusted scabies. Such analysis will be of value to policy makers and researchers by informing future evaluations of crusted scabies prevention programs and resource allocation decisions. Further research is needed on the wider costs of crusted scabies including non-financial impacts such as the loss in quality of life as well as the burden of care and loss of well-being for patients, families and communities.
Use of gentamicin-collagen sponge (Collatamp® G) in minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery: A propensity score-matched study
Authors: Lee Kil-yong , Lee Jaeim , Park Youn Young , Oh Seong Taek 
Published: March 2022

Background
Minimally invasive surgery is commonly used to treat patients with colorectal cancer, although it can cause surgical site infections (SSIs) that can affect the oncologic outcome. Use of a gentamicin-collagen sponge may help reduce the occurrence of SSIs. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of a gentamicin-collagen sponge in reducing SSIs in minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 310 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at our hospital and underwent minimally invasive surgery between December 1, 2018, and February 28, 2021. Propensity score matching was conducted with a 1:1 ratio using logistic regression. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSIs in the mini-laparotomy wound. The secondary endpoints were factors affecting the incidence of SSIs.

Results
After propensity score matching, 130 patients were assigned to each group. There were no differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. SSIs occurred in 2 (1.5%) and 3 (2.3%) patients in the gentamicin-collagen sponge and control groups, respectively (p<0.999). The following factors showed a statistically significant association with SSIs: body mass index >25 kg/m2 (odds ratio, 39.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.90–802.21; p = 0.018), liver disease (odds ratio, 254.8; 95% confidence interval, 10.43–6222.61; p = 0.001), and right hemicolectomy (odds ratio, 36.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.37–554.63; p = 0.010).

Conclusion
Applying a gentamicin-collagen sponge to the mini-laparotomy wound did not reduce the frequency of SSIs. Further studies should be conducted on whether the selective use of gentamicin-collagen sponges may help reduce SSIs in high-risk patients.
Strategi Penghimpunan, Pengelolaan dan Penyaluran Wakaf Tunai
Authors: Herlena Winceh , Mujib Abdul 
Published: March 2022

The type of qualitative research by using a type of purposive sampling: first use of samples with consideration and specific purpose. Second, the data in this study were collected through observation, documentation and interviews. As for the respondents to this study are four people. For knowing management and distribution of Waqf money through observation, whereas the documentation as a supporter of the results of observation and interviews of researchers in the field. Then the data should be analysis by means of the reduction of data, presenting data and tethering conclusion.The results of this research show that collecting, management and distribution strategy of cash endowments Baitul Maal Indonesia BMT BIF includes two steps : internal and external. Collecting the internal way include directors, managers, employees and members. While the external covering, collecting the way the general public, study of social media, brochures, which include Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Website. Strategy management of cash by means of Waqf invested towards Tanwil Bina Ihsanul Fikri. While channeling cash endowments Baitul Maal BMT BIF to orphanages and boarding schools Al-Amin, entrepreneurial, small-scale village boarding school, mentoring Da'i-dai coastal and other social activities. Keywords : Cash Endowments; BMT; Social Media.
Tinjauan Normatif dan Yuridis Terhadap Pelaksanaan Wakaf Uang Secara Online Pada Lembaga Wakaf
Authors: Umaiya Shiska Imadul , Ibrahim Malik 
Published: March 2022

Kajian ini membahas mengenai tinjauan normatif dan yuridis terhadap pelaksanaan wakaf uang secara online pada lembaga Wakaf Salman ITB. Dewasa ini semakin banyak lembaga yang menyediakan layanan wakaf uang secara online. Wakaf uang secara online semakin dilirik oleh masyarakat karena kemudahan dan efesiansi waktu. Dasar hukum pelaksanaan wakaf secara online terdapat pada Peraturan Badan Wakaf Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pengembangan Wakaf Bergerak Berupa Uang. Berdasarkan penelitian ini pelaksanaan wakaf uang secara online di Wakaf Salman belum sesuai dengan anjuran dari Undang-Undang Wakaf. Undang-Undang menganjurkan bahwa wakaf uang dikelola secara produktif, sementara dalam Wakaf Salman sendiri pemanfaatan harta wakaf dipergunakan untuk pengadaan wakaf fisik. Meskipun belum memenuhi anjuran dari undang-undang, wakaf uang secara online di Wakaf Salman sendiri membeli banyak dampak positif untuk membantu kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kata Kunci : Wakaf Uang; Online; Lembaga Wakaf.
Audacious Searching of Spanish Mothers
Authors: Escudero Carolina 
Published: March 2022

Throughout the dictatorship in Spain, many strategies were used to manipulate and silence mothers’ voices. During this period (1940-1975) and also in later times of democracy, a total of 300,000 babies were stolen (Anadir, 2011).
Currently, family organizations are looking for their children, stolen between 1940 and 1999. Their calls for memory, justice and reparation found a space for action in social media as the campaigns “We Are Looking for You” (2017, 2018), where they could their search after surviving obstetric violence and stigmatization. Transcending these deeds from a space of action, the precepts proposed by Frankl –on accepting pain, taking responsibility for what they feel in order to give meaning to the tragedy– are observed. Through this ethnographic study, carried out during the recording of two social media campaigns, we will endeavor to confirm the following hypothesis: their active participation in the campaigns, the members of SOS Stolen Babies of Catalonia are developing the virtue of audacity. This audacity is linked to Frankl’s theory of assuming suffering, asserting destiny and taking a stand before it (1987). This study used participant observation and interviews of the 20 families belonging to the Catalan organization.
Handlungsstrategien von Unternehmen und Beschäftigten in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Guhlemann Kerstin , Georg Arno , Ketzmerick Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die heterogenen Veränderungen der Arbeitsbedingungen durch die Pandemiesituation verlangen nicht nur den Beschäftigten neue Fähigkeiten zur Selbstorganisation ihres Gesundheitsschutzes und eine neue Bereitschaft zur Partizipation an der Herstellung gesunder und sicherer Arbeitsbedingungen ab, sondern stellen auch die Arbeitsschutzakteure vor neue Herausforderungen. Diese Herausforderungen treffen auf bestehende Probleme des Arbeitsschutzsystems, besonders beim Umgang mit Arbeit außerhalb des Ortes Betrieb und dem Umgang mit psychischen Belastungen, die im Zuge der Pandemie an Bedeutung gewinnen. Gleichzeitig lagen mit der Infektionsgefahr durch Covid-19 in der Pandemie dringliche Probleme vor, deren schnelle Bearbeitung neue Strategien und Lösungen erforderte. Expert:innen gehen davon aus, dass die aktuelle Situation langfristige Veränderungen der Arbeitswelt angestoßen hat und keine einfache Rückkehr zu einem Zustand vor der Pandemie erfolgen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund verfolgt der Artikel die Frage, wie im Zusammenspiel der Ebenen Arbeitsschutz, Betrieb (Compliance) und Beschäftigte (Akzeptanz) gesunde und sichere Arbeitsbedingungen hergestellt und erhalten werden können. Zur Bearbeitung kommt eine Methodentriangulation zum Einsatz, die die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Befragung (n = 40) verschiedener Arbeitsschutzakteure mit einer Online-Befragung von Interessenvertretungen (n = 1600) verzahnt, um neue Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung eines postpandemischen Arbeitsschutzes zu gewinnen.
Interessenpolitik in der Corona-Krise
Authors: González Beatriz Casas , Detje Richard , Dunkel Wolfgang , Kratzer Nick , Sauer Dieter 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Rolle der Mitbestimmung in der Ausnahmesituation der Pandemie. Anhand von exemplarischen Befunden aus drei Handlungsfeldern – der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zum Infektionsschutz, der Stabilisierung der Beschäftigung sowie der Verlagerung von Arbeit ins Homeoffice – wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Beteiligung am betrieblichen Krisenmanagement zu einer Stärkung oder Schwächung der Interessenvertretung führt. Die Befunde zeigen eine aktive und häufig auch als erfolgreich wahrgenommene Betriebsratsarbeit, sie zeigen aber auch erhebliche Branchenunterschiede, fortgesetzte Spaltungstendenzen und erweiterte Beteiligungsoptionen, denen die Verankerung in der Mitbestimmung fehlt. Dies deutet auf Pfadabhängigkeiten einer Mitbestimmung im Krisenmodus hin.
Immersion corrosion behavior and electrochemical performance of laser cladded Ni60–CeO2 coatings in 5% NaCl solution
Authors: Chao Zhang , Dejun Kong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ni60 coatings with the CeO2 mass fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9% were prepared on S355 steel. The microstructure and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using an ultradepth of field microscope (UDFM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of CeO2 mass fraction on the immersion corrosion behaviors and electrochemical performances of Ni60–CeO2 coatings in 5% NaCl solution were investigated. The results show that the immersion corrosion rates of Ni60–3%CeO2, –6%CeO2 and –9%CeO2 coatings are 37.1, 24.3 and 49.2 μm/year, respectively, in which the immersion corrosion resistance of Ni60–6%CeO2 coating is the best among the three kinds of coatings. The polarization resistances of Ni60–3%CeO2, –6%CeO2, and –9%CeO2 coatings are 169,867, 228,568, and 51,276 Ω⋅cm2, respectively, and the corresponding charge transfer resistances are 2.66 × 105, 6.68 × 105, and 6.40 × 105 Ω⋅cm2, respectively, showing that the Ni60–6%CeO2 coating presents the best electrochemical corrosion resistance in 5% NaCl solution.
Representación semántica de la oposición naturaleza-cultura en la Relación de Pedro Hernández Paniagua
Authors: Rodas Bazán Dany 
Published: March 2022

Las crónicas de las guerras civiles del Perú representaron dos procesos determinantes del siglo XVI: las luchas entre conquistadores y la insurgencia de los encomenderos. Una de estas crónicas fue la Relación de Pedro Hernández Paniagua, la cual describe estratégicamente la oposición naturaleza-cultura, asignada al héroe de su informe (el mismo autor) y a su oponente, el tirano rebelde Gonzalo Pizarro. Recurriendo a la semiótica del discurso, buscamos describir la organización semántica de esta oposición, en función de la descripción de la lucha entre un héroe sui generis (anciano, pero muy inteligente) y un oponente alejado de la cultura escrita, y próximo a la barbarie.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU
Authors: Harmendi Muhammad , Lian Bukman , Wardarita Ratu 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of principal leadership style and work motivation on teacher performance of Muhammadiyah junior high schools and islamic junior high school in Palembang City. This research is a quantitative research. The subjects of this study were the principal and teachers. Data collection methods using questionnaires and documentation. Test instrument using validity test and reliability test. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques. The results showed: (1) the leadership style of the principal has a significant effect on the performance of teachers SMP and MTS Muhammadiyah in Palembang City; (2) work motivation has a significant effect on the performance of teachers SMP and MTS Muhammadiyah in Palembang City. (3) the principal’s leadership style and work motivation jointly influence the performance of teachers SMP and MTS Muhammadiyah in Palembang City.
EFFECT OF CLOSURE VERSUS NON-CLOSURE OF PARIETAL PERITONEUM AT CAESAREAN SECTION ON ADHESION FORMATION
Authors: Rahem Gona 
Published: March 2022

Background
Caesarean section (CS) is a standard obstetric procedure, and it is rate increasing worldwide. However, intra-abdominal adhesion is one complication of caesarean section and other obstetric and gynaecological surgeries.
Objectives
This study aims to compare the frequency and severity of post-surgical adhesions among patients with closed and non-closed parietal peritoneum at their first caesarean section.
Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in maternity and private hospitals in Sulaymaniyah/Kurdistan/Iraq, from July 2015 to December 2020. Involved 190 pregnant ladies entered second CS at term. Patient records were then abstracted to assess prior CS techniques, including parietal peritoneal closure, which the same obstetrician did. A total of 190 patients were checked for that purpose; each was checked to know whether she has intra-abdominal adhesion or not and at the same time to know whether her previous CS was performed by peritoneal closure or not. The main parameters were adhesion formation in the second CS and the type of adhesion. The maternal age, occupation, parity, and gestational age were also recorded—Chi-square test used for statistical analysis of variables.
Results
Based on the outcome, two groups (one with peritoneal closure and the other without it) were identified, they were compared regarding their maternal age, parity, gestational age and occupation. There was significantly more adhesion between the omentum and Scarpa fascia in the non-closure group (28.3%) compared to (13.1%) in the closure group with (p-value 0.01), which is significant. On the other hand, filmy adhesion was more in the closure group (63.6%), while thick adhesion was more in the non-closure group (53.3%) with (p-value 0.34), which is not significant.
Conclusion
Parietal peritoneum closure at first caesarean section was associated with less adhesion formation. Therefore, the practice of non-closure of parietal peritoneum at caesarean delivery is not recommended.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SLEEP PATTERNS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Mzury Abdullah 
Published: March 2022

Background
Quality sleep is fundamental to human wellbeing. Healthcare providers are at the frontline of dealing with patients with COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019), rendering them more susceptible to sleep disturbance by different factors.
Objectives
To observe sleep changes and the effect of lockdown on the duration and quality of sleep of health professionals and medical students during the COVI-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Materials and Methods
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study; a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 500 health professionals and medical students online from 2nd July 2020 to 2nd September 2020. The questionnaire used was a part of a multinational study on sleep patterns in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic (International COVID-19 sleep study, ICCOS) after permission was obtained. All methods were performed in consistence with verified regulations and guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data were entered by Microsoft Excel Worksheet
Results
A total of 304 individuals had responded to the online questionnaire; 53.6% were males. The mean age (in years) was 32.84 (± SD 11.65). The average night sleep and the average 24 hours sleep increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and there was a significant statistical difference in “dreaming” patterns of the study sample before and after the pandemic.
Conclusion
This study concludes that the quality of sleep and daytime function of participants were not impaired despite the worldwide and national stress of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the previous lifestyle of this group of population and their ability to spend more time with their families.
TWO YEARS WOUND FREE TO FOLLOW UP OF A CHRONIC PRESSURE SORE IN A PARAPLEGIC PATIENT AFTER PERFORMING THREE MUSCLE FLAPS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Hassan Hawre , Qader Ari , Raouf Vyan , Zorab Shakhawan 
Published: March 2022

Background
Joint involvement underlying pressure sore is a challenge to manage because of the extensive tissue damage that usually requires wide debridement leaving behind significant defects to fill and the possibility of recurrence after reconstruction.
Case Presentation
We present a case of large communicating ischial and trochanteric pressure sore with femoral head osteomyelitis in a paraplegic patient that was managed by femoral head resection and a musculocutaneous flap instead of lower limb amputation. Management of chronic pressure sores in neglected spinal cord injury patients requires teamwork to prevent a recurrence. We could give our patient a chance and save her lower limb from amputation by a combined vastuslateralis, vastusintermedius and rectus femoris flap (‘three muscle flap’) based on the lateral circumflex femoral artery following proximal femoral resection.
Conclusion
Our two years follow up showed that this method is effective for the management of large deep ischial pressure sores with no recurrence.