bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A2A Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Mania Like Symptoms in Rats: Signaling to PKC-α and Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin
Authors: Shalaby Heba Nasr , Zaki Hala Fahmy , Ain-Shoka Afaf Abd Almonim , Mohammed Reham Atef 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdenosinergic system dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders including mania and bipolar diseases. The established synergistic interaction between A2A and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex could highlight the idea of A2A receptor antagonism as a possible anti-manic strategy. Hence, the present study was performed to examine the effect of a selective adenosine A2A receptor blocker (SCH58261) on methylphenidate-induced mania-like behavior while investigating the underlying mechanisms. Rats were injected with methylphenidate (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 weeks with or without administration of either SCH58261 (0.01 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or lithium (150 mg/kg/day, i.p.) starting from day 9. In the diseased rats, adenosine A2AR antagonism reduced locomotor hyperactivity and risk-taking behavior along with decreased dopamine and glutamate levels. Meanwhile, SCH58261 restored NMDA receptor function, suppressed PKC-α expression, down-regulated β-Arrestin-2, up-regulated pS473-Akt and pS9-GSK-3β. Further, SCH58261 promoted synaptic plasticity markers through increasing BDNF levels along with down-regulating GAP-43 and SNAP-25. The A2A antagonist also reduced NF-κBp65 and TNF-α together with elevating IL-27 level giving an anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, suppression of PKC-α and modulation of Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis through A2AR inhibition, could introduce adenosine A2AR as a possible therapeutic target for treatment of mania-like behavior. This notion is supported by the ability of the A2AR antagonist (SCH58261) to produce comparable results to those observed with the standard anti-manic drug (Lithium).
Modeling and simulating the sample complexity of solving LWE using BKW-style algorithms
Authors: Guo Qian , Mårtensson Erik , Stankovski Wagner Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Learning with Errors (LWE) problem receives much attention in cryptography, mainly due to its fundamental significance in post-quantum cryptography. Among its solving algorithms, the Blum-Kalai-Wasserman (BKW) algorithm, originally proposed for solving the Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) problem, performs well, especially for certain parameter settings with cryptographic importance. The BKW algorithm consists of two phases, the reduction phase and the solving phase. In this work, we study the performance of distinguishers used in the solving phase. We show that the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) distinguisher from Eurocrypt’15 has the same sample complexity as the optimal distinguisher, when making the same number of hypotheses. We also show via simulation that it performs much better than previous theory predicts and develop a sample complexity model that matches the simulations better. We also introduce an improved, pruned version of the FFT distinguisher. Finally, we indicate, via extensive experiments, that the sample dependency due to both LF2 and sample amplification is limited.
Allanite in Singhbhum Shear Zone, India and Its Implications on the Genesis of REE Mineralization
Authors: Akhila V. R. , Rakesh S. , Gupta S.C. , Mukherjee Atanu , Bhattacharya Debashis , Chakrabarti Kalyan , Sinha D.K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Allanite, being one of the most common REE bearing mineral phases in the multimetallic mineralized domain of Singhbhum Shear Zone, has always attracted attention from researchers. The present paper outlines a detailed petromineralogical study on various textural types of allanites. The allanite is categorized into 6 different types falling under three major categories on the basis of deformation, metamictisation and darkening of pleochroic halos. On the basis of mineral assemblage and probe analysis of allanite it follows that the optical and textural variations are an implication of not only multiple generations of their formation but rather significant variation in nature of hydrothermal fluids as evidenced by the differences in co-crystallized assemblages. They hint at relatively reducing hydrothermal conditions in Singhbhum Shear Zone responsible for REE-U-Th mineralization overprinting earlier event of oxidizing hydrothermal mineralization in which the well-known Th-poor uraninite, crystallized. Majority of the allanite appeared post or at the most syn-tectonic in their formation. The available geochronological data of allanite suggests them to be formed around 1.8 Ga. Considering textural criteria as seen in the present study, it appears that the majority of allanite owing to their undeformed morphology must have formed later to or at the most during waning stages of shearing and hence the minimum age of shearing in SSZ could be considered around 1.8 Ga instead of 1.6 Ga.
Mineralogical Studies of Metasomatized Host Rocks of Jahaz Uranium Prospect, North Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Krishnamurthi Rajagopal , Bisht Balbir Singh , Sinha Deepak Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Uranium mineralization in Jahaz prospect of North Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan is closely associated with deformed and metasomatized meta-sediments of Ajabgarh Group. Detailed petrographic and electron microprobe studies of bore-hole samples indicate that the host rocks consist of metamorphic mineral assemblage such as quartz-annite-muscovite-hornblende (magnesiohornblende - ferrohornblende) - anorthite–bytownite with almandine - staurolite-corundum- ilmenite. Brittle-ductile deformation is evident by brecciation, micro-folds and fracture filled micro-veinlets of quartz and calcite. Fluid induced alteration products are pennine-albite-phlogopite-orthoclase-sphene-rutile-actinolite-ferropargasite-sericite-calcite-apatite. Two types of albite are prominent, albite-1 formed by alteration of parent metamorphic plagioclase, whereas albite-2 is feathery and found to be in open spaces and formed by precipitation of sodium rich fluid. Sulfide minerals (pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite) are most common in albitized rocks and commonly associated with calcite. The above studies clearly indicate the geological processes responsible for the formation of metamorphic-metasomatic mineral assemblages in host rocks associated with uranium mineralization.
Beach Placer Deposit Modelling using Geospatial Methods: A Case Study from Brahmagiri Mineral Sand Deposit, Puri District, Odisha
Authors: Somani Gagan , Sudhakar Ch , D’cruz Eric , Padhi Ajoy K. , Sunil Kumar T. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An integrated approach has been attempted for 3D representation of various geo-exploration data pertaining to Brahmagiri Mineral Sand Deposit (BMSD). GIS platforms are utilized to represent the prime depositional environments of sediments under which Total Heavy Minerals (THM) concentrated. In recent times, deeper exploration by sonic drilling has been carried out in the main sand bar of the deposit and retrieved huge lithological data. Different 3D visualization of exploration data using various geological Softwares (ArcGIS, Rockworks and Datamine) carried out.Understanding the morphology of the deposit is carried out using the topographic representation on GIS platform. Discontinuous linear dune ridges are present across the deposit. Sand column explored at an average depth of 40m represents the variety of depositional environment (lagoonal, barrier and beach) within basin. Lithological correlation for the entire (20km) stretch of BMSD carried out and major sand units have been summarized for the area. Heavy mineral (HM) concentrations in each sand column and their correlation using geospatial methods classify the trend and extent of mineralization into two potential zones (Zone 1 and Zone 2) depth wise. This study emphasizes the relationship between surface and subsurface manifestation of exploration data which reveals that BMSD could be part of Barrier bar system having different sub-depositional environments as back-barrier, barrier beach and inlet channel which are controlling the total heavy mineral concentration at various depths. Upper zone of ore body is confined to beach regime whereas lower zone is controlled by combination of beach, back-barrier and inlet channel sediments.
An Insight into the Indian Diamond Exploration and Mining: Past and Present
Authors: Satyanarayana S. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Indian diamond mining was known the world over for ages, for the production and trading of gem-quality diamonds till the beginning of the 18th century. The ancient Indian writings and the earlier reports of the Geological Survey of India (GSI) provide a wealth of information on the distribution of diamond host rocks, mining, quality, and trade of diamonds. Both primary (kimberlites & lamproites) of Mesoproterozoic age and secondary Neoproterozoic diamondiferous (Neoproterozoic diamondiferous placer conglomerate & gravel) type diamond are confined to the four cratons of Peninsular India, namely the Dharwar, Bastar, Bundelkhand, and Singhbhum Craton. Since 1950s GSI brought out significant results in terms of diamond resources and their grades. The National Mineral Policy paved the way for the entry of Indian and foreign companies into diamond exploration and exploring the known areas. However, diamond rich areas in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are yet to be exploited, till such time India will continue to depend on import.
Rare Earth Mineralization in Regolith Zones of the Neoarchean Phoscorite from the Carbonatite-syenite Complex, Dombarahalli Area, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Koppal District, Karnataka
Authors: Reshma K. , Paradkar Trigun T. , Tom Nibin G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two plugs of phoscorite (1.4 km x 1.6 km) covering 3 km2 are reported in association with carbonatite and syenite complex for the first time from the Koppal alkaline complex (2528±9 Ma) Eastern Dharwar craton. Evidences of mingling and late magmatic alteration within the magmatic units of the complex are ubiquitous, as observed between Budihalu and Dombarahalli southwest of Koppal Town. Phoscorite variants are variably enriched in REE. Phoscorite variants analyzed REO (T) (+Y2O3) content ranging from 1002 to 6357ppm with P2O5 ranging from 2.46 to 13.40wt%. Highest concentration of REO(T) (9402ppm) and phosphates (33.81wt% P2O5) have been reported from apatite phoscorite west of Dombarahalli. Regolith zones over phoscorite containing REO(T) up to 6029 ppm with maximum P2O5 of 1.20 wt% have been noticed. Estimated resource as per UNFC-333 in regolith zones developed over phoscorite is 3300t with 0.2% REO(T) cutoff (over 0.34sq. km area) with an average grade of 0.38% REO(T). The resources were estimated on the basis of grid-wise regolith sampling with a spacing of 200 m X 400m. LREE is the dominant constituent in regolith zones over phoscorite, represented by allanite, britholite and parisite. Allanite also occurs as separate phases besides as rim around apatite and inclusions. However, this association is decoupled in the weathering regime and REEs are enriched in weathered silicate clay fractions over carbonatite zone. Secondary REE with partially altered silicates like diopside, pargasite, hornblende, actinolite, clinochlore with sub-ordinate vermiculite, saponite in fines indicate moderate weathering conditions.
Legislative Reforms and Challenges to Provide an Impetus to Mineral Exploration in India
Authors: Jain Pradeep Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Minerals and metals are crucial raw materials for industries and a major source of development for the country. In India there has been a pronounced growth in the exploration for minerals both in terms of quantity and value. To further enhance the growth rate and remove any bottleneck, the government has taken several legislative reforms through more transparency and non-discretion by way of first-come, first-served basis in the allocation of mineral concessions, through Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Amendment Act, 2015. Recently, MMDR Act, 1957 has been amended through the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021 vide notification dated 28.03.2021 for improving ease of doing mineral production and business in the country and help increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Exploration of energy-critical minerals, fertilizer minerals, precious metals and stones, strategic minerals and deep-seated minerals which are otherwise difficult to access and for which the country is mainly dependent on imports, needs to be prioritized. Enhanced exploration and mining can significantly reduce India’s import dependence on mineral and metals and help economic growth. For comparison, only 10% of obvious geological potential (OGP) area of India has been explored while Australia has explored more than 90% of its area. In this paper, some of these legislative reforms and challenges to provide an impetus to mineral exploration are discussed.
Safety of clinical engineer-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Oguri Mitsutoshi , Ishii Hideki , Shigematsu Takuro , Fujita Rin , Koyama Yuichiro , Katagiri Takeshi , Ikai Yoshihiro , Fujikawa Yusuke , Takahashi Hiroshi , Suzuki Yoriyasu , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) requires multiple staff members, including interventional cardiologists, with the physical burden of heavy protective measures to minimize radiation exposure. Here, we aimed to investigate the safety of task sharing with clinical engineers (CEs) working as 1st assistant during ad hoc PCI. We retrospectively included 286 patients who underwent ad hoc PCI following diagnostic catheterization for coronary artery disease between April 2019 and March 2021. Procedural complications including coronary perforation or rupture, myocardial infarction, cerebral embolism, cardiovascular death, decreased kidney function, and radiation parameters were compared between the two clinical settings [CE group, CEs as the 1st assistant from the beginning of diagnostic coronary angiography to the end of PCI vs. doctor (DR) group, others]. There was no increase in the ratio of procedural complications in the CE group (1.7%) versus the DR group (1.2%). Fluorescence time and radiation exposure dose were significantly reduced in the CE group {25 min [interquartile range (IQR), 19–35 min] vs. 28 min (IQR, 20–39 min), P = 0.036; 908 mGy (IQR, 654–1326 mGy) vs. 1062 mGy (IQR, 732–1594 mGy), P = 0.049}. The median amount of contrast medium was significantly reduced in the CE group [100 mL (IQR, 80–119 mL) vs. 110 mL (IQR 90–140 mL), P < 0.001]. After propensity matching, fluorescence time, radiation exposure dose, and contrast medium amount were similar between groups. Task sharing with CEs as the 1st assistant during ad hoc PCI could contribute to clinical safety in patients with coronary artery disease.
Social-ecological system analysis of an invertebrate gleaning fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar
Authors: Stiepani Johann , Jiddawi Narriman , Mtwana Nordlund Lina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvertebrate gleaning is a small-scale fishery that commonly occurs in the intertidal zone across the tropical Indo-Pacific. In this study, we investigated and analyzed several components of this fishery on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar by employing the social-ecological systems framework from Ostrom 2009. In doing so, we conducted ecological surveys, catch assessments, interviews with gleaners, household surveys, focus group interviews and analyzed the governance structure. This social-ecological systems analysis showed that gleaning is important for food security, local culture and livelihood. Yet, the multiple approaches in our study revealed that the local intertidal zone is degrading and that the gleaned catch is changing. Local narratives indicate that economically important bivalves (Modiolus spp.) and gastropods (Strombus spp.) are in decline, which was paralleled with low abundances of both genera within the ecological survey of the intertidal and catch landing assessment. We recommend that invertebrate gleaning, a fishery mainly comprised of women should be included in fisheries management.
Rapid transformation of traditional beekeeping and colony marketing erode genetic differentiation in Apis mellifera simensis, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Teweldemedhn Gebretinsae , Rosenkranz Peter , Hasselmann Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubsistent beekeeping has been an established tradition in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. In the last two decades, extension efforts tried to transform it into improved apiculture, which led to development of colony marketing. Here, we assessed the progress in beekeeping, colony marketing, and population differentiation with a hypothesis that the extension might have supported both production and genetic conservation in accordance with the national apiculture proclamation. Progress in beekeeping was analyzed based on official annual reports from 2004 to 2020. In addition, colony market survey was conducted in one of the central markets to analyze spatial and agro-ecological zone (AEZ) distributions of the honey bees, driving factors, and implications by interviewing 120 sellers and buyers. Moreover, highland and lowland honey bee population differentiation was compared in two areas (not-) involved in marketing using a nuclear marker known for elevational adaptation. The regional beekeeping progressed substantially: frame hives grew from 1 to 23%, annual honey production tripled, managed colonies increased by 90%. Frame hives provided significantly (F = 88.8, P < 0.001) higher honey yield than local hives. Colonies were exchanged between actors with significant differences in spatial (X2 = 104.56, P < 0.01) and AEZ (X2 = 6.27, P = 0.044) distributions. Colonies originate mainly from highland areas of two districts and were re-distributed to broader areas. Most buyers showed preferences for colony color (73.3%) and AEZ of origin (88.3%), which led to a one-way flow. Consequently, no genetic differentiation was detected between two contrasting elevations in the involving district compared to a not involving area (FST = 0.22). Overall, the regional apiculture progressed significantly, but there is no evidence that the extension contributed to conservation.
Unterrichten neben dem Studium – Implikationen für das Studium und Einfluss auf das Verlangen nach hochschulischen Praxisbezügen
Authors: Scheidig Falk , Holmeier Monika 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungBegünstigt durch den Lehrer*innenmangel unterrichten angehende Lehrkräfte immer häufiger bereits neben dem Studium. Im Fachdiskurs wurde das Phänomen bislang kaum berücksichtigt. Im Fokus des Beitrags steht eine Analyse zu Ausmaß und Auswirkungen der studienunabhängigen Unterrichtstätigkeit von Lehramtsstudierenden in vier Deutschschweizer Kantonen. Im Rahmen einer Studierendenbefragung wurden Studierende mit und ohne studienunabhängige Unterrichtstätigkeit an einer Schule befragt (N = 929). Die Antworten wurden auf Gruppenunterschiede hinsichtlich der Wahrnehmung des Studiums und des Wunschs nach verschiedenen Formen von Praxisbezügen im Studium ausgewertet. Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass die Unterrichtstätigkeit neben dem Studium ein zeitintensives und im Untersuchungsraum sehr verbreitetes Phänomen darstellt, dessen Ausmaß aber je nach Schulstufe und Studienphase differiert. Die Unterrichtstätigkeit steht in negativem Zusammenhang mit der studentischen Kompetenzbilanzierung. Unterrichtende Studierende erleben das Studium jedoch nur eingeschränkt als praxisferner, ihre Erwartungen ans Lehramtsstudium sind nicht instrumenteller im Vergleich zu den Mitstudierenden.
Unitary calculus: model categories and convergence
Authors: Taggart Niall 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe construct the unitary analogue of orthogonal calculus developed by Weiss, utilising model categories to give a clear description of the intricacies in the equivariance and homotopy theory involved. The subtle differences between real and complex geometry lead to subtle differences between orthogonal and unitary calculus. To address these differences we construct unitary spectra—a variation of orthogonal spectra—as a model for the stable homotopy category. We show through a zig-zag of Quillen equivalences that unitary spectra with an action of the n-th unitary group models the homogeneous part of unitary calculus. We address the issue of convergence of the Taylor tower by introducing weakly polynomial functors, which are similar to weakly analytic functors of Goodwillie but more computationally tractable.
Red cell distribution width, anemia, and lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling older adults
Authors: Jiang Ziying , Han Xiaolei , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Dong Yi , Han Xiaodong , Welmer Anna-Karin , Launer Lenore J. , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundElevated red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with degenerative conditions in aging.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the associations of RDW and anemia with lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis population-based cross-sectional study included 5093 rural residents (age ≥ 60 years, 57.3% women) who participated in the MIND-China Study in Shandong. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. RDW was categorized according to quartiles and the lower-extremity physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB),ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses suggested that the fourth quartile of RDW (vs. first quartile) was associated with lower SPPB summary score (β-coefficient – 0.38; 95% CI – 0.58 to – 0.18) and lower scores in balance test (– 0.09; – 0.17 to – 0.01), chair stand test (– 0.17; – 0.27 to – 0.07), and walking speed test (– 0.12; – 0.19 to − 0.05). Anemia was associated with a multiple-adjusted β-coefficient of – 0.34 (– 0.52 to – 0.16) for SPPB summary score. Stratified analysis by anemia showed that there was a linear association between RDW and SPPB in individuals without anemia but a J-shaped association in individuals with anemia.DiscussionThis large-scale population-based study revealed the associations of high RDW and anemia with poor lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults. These findings suggest that an elevated RDW might be a biochemical marker for poor lower-extremity physical function among older adults.ConclusionsAnemia and an elevated RDW are associated with poor performance in lower-extremity physical function among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults.