bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping human disease-associated enzymes into Reactome allows characterization of disease groups and their interactions
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Baldazzi Davide , Babbi Giulia , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to databases such as OMIM, Humsavar, Clinvar and Monarch, 1494 human enzymes are presently associated to 2539 genetic diseases, 75% of which are rare (with an Orphanet code). The Mondo ontology initiative allows a standardization of the disease name into specific codes, making it possible a computational association between genes, variants, diseases, and their effects on biological processes. Here, we tackle the problem of which biological processes enzymes can affect when the protein variant is disease-associated. We adopt Reactome to describe human biological processes, and by mapping disease-associated enzymes in the Reactome pathways, we establish a Reactome-disease association. This allows a novel categorization of human monogenic and polygenic diseases based on Reactome pathways and reactions. Our analysis aims at dissecting the complexity of the human genetic disease universe, highlighting all the possible links within diseases and Reactome pathways. The novel mapping helps understanding the biochemical/molecular biology of the disease and allows a direct glimpse on the present knowledge of other molecules involved. This is useful for a complete overview of the disease molecular mechanism/s and for planning future investigations. Data are collected in DAR, a database that is free for search and available at https://dar.biocomp.unibo.it.
Taguchi grey relational optimization of sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite from a novel mix of two natural biowastes for biomedical applications
Authors: Osuchukwu Obinna Anayo , Salihi Abdu , Abdullahi Ibrahim , Obada David Olubiyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe comparative study of natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) from bovine (B) and catfish (C) bones using different fabrication parameters has been extensively researched through traditional investigation. However, the quantitative effect optimization of a novel mix proportion of hydroxyapatite from these bones, and fabrication parameters have not been examined. Hence, this study presents the effect of the powder mixture, compaction pressure, and sintering temperature (as production parameters) on the experimental mechanical properties of naturally derived HAp. The bovine bone and catfish bone biowastes were used in mixed proportions to produce hydroxyapatite via the sol–gel synthesis protocol. The powders were calcined separately at 900 °C to convert the deproteinized biowaste. Next, the powders were combined chemically (sol–gel) in the appropriate ratios (i.e. 45 g of B: 15 g of C (B75/C25), 30 g of B: 30 g of C (B50/C50), and 15 g of B; 45 g of C (B25/C75)). Taguchi design supported by grey relational analysis was employed with an L9 orthogonal array. The Minitab 16 software was employed to analyze the Taguchi design. The result revealed an inconsistency in the powder mixture as the optimum state for individual mechanical properties, but the grey relational analysis (GRA) showed better mechanical properties with a powder mix of B50/C50, 500 Pa compaction pressure, and 900 °C sintering temperature. The obtained result further showed that the novel mix of these powders is a good and promising material for high-strength biomedical applications, having a contribution of 97.79% on hardness and 94.39% on compressive strength of HAp. The obtained experimental grey relational grade of 0.7958 is within the 95% confidence interval, according to confirmation analysis (CA). The optimum powder parameter was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its structure, size, and elemental makeup were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The sample had a higher degree of crystallinity and mean crystallite size of 80.42% and 27.3 nm, respectively. The SEM images showed big, gritty grains that are not tightly packed.
Comparison of genetic susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese patients using a novel panel for cancer-related drug-metabolizing enzyme genes
Authors: Ohnami Sumiko , Naruoka Akane , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Mizuguchi Maki , Nakatani Sou , Kamada Fukumi , Shimoda Yuji , Sakai Ai , Ohshima Keiichi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Maruyama Kouji , Ohde Yasuhisa , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Takahashi Toshiaki , Akiyama Yasuto , Nagashima Takeshi , Urakami Kenichi , Ohnami Shumpei , Yamaguchi Ken 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe differences in genetic susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. We developed a customized, targeted gene sequencing panel for efficient and sensitive identification of germline variants, including whole-gene deletion types for cancer-related drug-metabolizing enzyme genes in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The minor allele frequencies of the variants, confirmed as clinically significant in the Japanese population, did not differ significantly from those of normal participants listed in the public database. Genotype analysis comparing lung adenocarcinoma (n = 559) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 151) indicated that the variants of DPYD (rs190771411, Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.045; rs200562975, P = 0.045) and ALDH2 (rs568781254, P = 0.032) were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma. Conversely, whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 was associated with adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 was confirmed in 22 patients with lung adenocarcinoma but not in any patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients with whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 were female non-smokers. The discovery of a whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma may have an important role in clinical practice and advance our understanding of CYP2A6 germline variants and their association with carcinogenesis or their susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma.
Growth mechanism of nano-plates structured SnS films on different substrates in glancing angle deposition method
Authors: Sazideh M. R. , Ehsani M. H. , Shahidi M. M. , Rezagholipour Dizaji H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, Tin (II) sulfide films have been deposited on glass, Indium Tin Oxide, and Fluorinated Tin Oxide substrates at the deposition angles of 0º, 65º, and 85º using Physical Vapor Deposition method equipped with Glancing Angle Deposition technique. Based on the results obtained from the X-ray diffraction technique, the crystalline structure of substrates and the angle of depositions along with their effects on the structure of SnS nano-plates have been investigated. Using Raman analysis, the phonons lifetime of the samples was found to change with the type of substrate and the employed deposition angle. Based Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, the atomic ratio of Sn to S was observed to change with the change of deposition angle, substrate type and variation the diameter of nano-plates. This phenomenon resulted the formation of the second phase of Sn2S3 which was confirmed by Raman and X-ray diffraction patterns. The nano-sheets-like growth of all the samples has been confirmed using Felid Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. For further morphological studies, the Atomic Force Microscopy analysis has been applied, by which the direct relation between the substrate roughness and the final structure of the samples has been observed. The relation between the substrate roughness and the deposition angle in the growth process of SnS nano-sheets has been explained.
High-speed photonic neuromorphic computing using recurrent optical spectrum slicing neural networks
Authors: Sozos Kostas , Bogris Adonis , Bienstman Peter , Sarantoglou George , Deligiannidis Stavros , Mesaritakis Charis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic computing using photonic hardware is a promising route towards ultrafast processing while maintaining low power consumption. Here we present and numerically evaluate a hardware concept for realizing photonic recurrent neural networks and reservoir computing architectures. Our method, called Recurrent Optical Spectrum Slicing Neural Networks (ROSS-NNs), uses simple optical filters placed in a loop, where each filter processes a specific spectral slice of the incoming optical signal. The synaptic weights in our scheme are equivalent to the filters’ central frequencies and bandwidths. Numerical application to high baud rate optical signal equalization (>100 Gbaud) reveals that ROSS-NN extends optical signal transmission reach to > 60 km, more than four times that of two state-of-the-art digital equalizers. Furthermore, ROSS-NN relaxes complexity, requiring less than 100 multiplications/bit in the digital domain, offering tenfold reduction in power consumption with respect to these digital counterparts. ROSS-NNs hold promise for efficient photonic hardware accelerators tailored for processing high-bandwidth (>100 GHz) optical signals in optical communication and high-speed imaging applications.
Semi‐Paired Semi‐Supervised Deep Hashing for cross‐view retrieval
Authors: Wang Yi , Shen Xiaobo , Tang Zhenmin , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to its fast computational speed and low storage cost, hashing has been effectively applied to large‐scale multimedia retrieval tasks, such as medical video and security video retrieval. Most existing cross‐view hashing methods require good matching information, however, this exact pairing relationship is difficult to fully realise in practice. The association between views is incomplete, as is the label information. This task of missing paired and labelled information is very challenging, but less explored in research. In this study, a semi‐supervised semi‐paired deep hashing for large‐scale data is proposed, named Semi‐Paired Semi‐Supervised Deep Hashing (SPSDH) to solve this challenging task. SPSDH is a novel end‐to‐end deep neural network model with high‐order affinity. A non‐local higher‐order affinity measure that better considers the multimodal neighbourhood structure is proposed. A common representation to associate different modalities is introduced, which combined with the labelled information greatly maintains the consistency within the modalities. SPSDH is evaluated on three benchmark datasets for large‐scale cross‐view approximate nearest neighbour search and compared with several state‐of‐the‐art hashing methods. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed SPSDH in semi‐supervised semi‐paired retrieval tasks.
Frequency‐to‐voltage converter based dual‐loop phase‐locked loop with variable phase locking capability
Authors: Saifullah Z. M. , Furth Paul M. , Pakala SriHarsh , Roman‐Loera Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel frequency‐to‐voltage converter based phase‐locked loop (PLL) is proposed to overcome the inability of a frequency‐to‐voltage converter based frequency‐locked loop to lock phase. The proposed dual‐loop PLL adds variable phase‐locking capability, such that the phase locking angle can vary from 0–360°. The additional variable phase‐locking can be applied in data communication in the form of phase modulation. The design is targeted for a 0.5‐μm CMOS process. The proposed design generates a 480 MHz clock from a reference clock of 15 MHz. In simulation, the proposed PLL locks within 3.56 μs while consuming 1.61 mW of power.
Analysis of time‐frequency characteristic parameters of electromagnetic interference sources in the basic commutation unit
Authors: Hao Bin , Peng Cheng , Tang Xinling , Zhao Zhibin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstablishing accurate electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources of the basic commutation unit is the key to accurately predicting the EMI of the converter equipment. To compensate for the insufficiency of the reported works, that is to use asymmetric trapezoidal waveforms (ATW) as common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) EMI sources, this paper analyzed the switching transient process of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device in the basic commutation unit, and then proposed the equivalent waveform of EMI sources with multi‐polylines‐damped oscillation waveform (MP‐DOW). The spectrum envelop characteristic parameters of MP‐DOW were obtained by the frequency domain analysis method, and its correctness was experimentally verified. Comparison with the reported works shows that the proposed spectrum envelope of MP‐DOW can take into account the voltage and current overshoot during the switching transients of IGBT devices, and the spectrum characteristic parameters are more accurate. This paper is beneficial to the prediction of EMI for the converter already in operation, and can also provide theoretical guidance for the converter to be designed in conjunction with the analytical formula of the EMI source.
Channel scintillations of array global navigation satellite system receiver under distributed intermittent interferences
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Wenxiang , Ou Gang , Xiao Wei , Wang Haibin , Dong Tianbao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNon‐stationary interferences are parts of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) threats; this paper focusses on the impact of intermittent interferences on the baseband processing of the array GNSS receiver. We call the jitters of channel response caused by distributed intermittent interferences as channel scintillations. The inevitability of the channel scintillations under intermittent interferences was illustrated first. Then, the characteristics of channel scintillations were analysed through theory analysis and simulations. Finally, the impact of channel scintillations on the receiver baseband processing was assessed. The results show that though the intermittent interferences power can be suppressed completely by the anti‐jamming filter, the phase lock loop may lose lock due to channel scintillations.
Staggered Setting of Latissimus Dorsi and Serratus Anterior Flaps for the Treatment of Scalp Avulsions: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Zhang Juan , Song Baoqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough the incidence of scalp avulsion has decreased in recent years, it remains a major concern among plastic surgeons. We therefore aimed to introduce an improved free flap technique for repairing scalp avulsion with less tissue from the donor site. This method can achieve maximum primary closure of the donor site and improve its appearance and function as well as reduce the donor-site morbidity by ensuring that a smaller free flap can completely cover the scalp defect. Eight patients with scalp avulsion who had undergone staggered placement of the free flaps were evaluated. Data on the age, cause of scalp avulsion, scalp defect size, degree of avulsion, postoperative complications, and follow-up duration were analyzed. The postoperative evaluation criteria were donor-site sensation, latissimus dorsi muscle strength, upper extremity function, and quality of life. Patients' mean age was 38.7 years. The main cause of scalp avulsion was occupation-related accidents. The mean scalp defect size and postoperative follow-up duration were 26 cm × 20.4 cm and 41.5 months, respectively. One patient developed flap congestion postoperatively. The wounds at the recipient site healed well in all patients. There was no significant difference in the sensation between the surgical and nonsurgical sides. However, the latissimus dorsi muscle strength significantly differed between both sides. The mental component score, which was used to assess quality of life, did not significantly differ between the patients and healthy population, whereas the physical component score significantly differed between the two groups. None of the included patients had severe upper extremity functional limitation. Staggered placement of free flaps achieved maximum primary closure of the donor site and greater scalp avulsion defect coverage with less tissue excised from the donor site. Importantly, donor-site appearance improved and some donor-site functions were preserved postoperatively.
Quantitative similarities between the banjo and a diverse collection of West African lutes
Authors: Fulwood Ethan L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe banjo entered world musical culture through the ingenuity of communities of enslaved Africans in the Caribbean. The banjo is rooted within the lute-playing traditions of West Africa, where several remarkably banjo-like instruments and playing styles exist today. The banjo is a creation of the Black diaspora, however, and has no obvious single ancestor among extant West African lutes. Understanding the relative similarities between extant West African lutes and the gourd banjo may shed light on the cultural context of banjo origins. This study examines structural similarities between the gourd banjo and 61 West African lutes using two quantitative approaches for measuring and representing similarity among entities (UGPMA and NeighborNet). The banjo groups with a cluster of lutes from peoples in the Senegambia region speaking Bakic languages, which includes the Jola ekonting, an instrument that has garnered considerable recent attention as a banjo relative, but also shows similarities to lutes from the Niger Basin. This suggests that the relatively egalitarian social context of lute playing seen in Bakic language-speaking cultures may have been especially influential on the development of the banjo among enslaved populations in the Caribbean, but that the banjo draws on heterogeneous cultural influences and that more attention should be paid to the influence of eastern Sahel musical cultures on the evolution of the instrument.
The Clémentel moment: the reform of 1918 and the beginnings of regional economic planning in France
Authors: Cudbird Terence 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 1918 Clémentel, the ministre du Commerce organized the 149 chambers of commerce in France into regional groupings. He hoped they would be effective partners with the government in the economic development of their regions. Clémentel’s reform should be seen not just as a manifestation of economic regionalism but also as part of a new approach to managing the French economy which made widespread use of corporate bodies as intermediaries between the government and private interests. The article shows how the reform emerged from pre-war debates on economic regionalism and also from wartime planning for the post-First World War economy. It describes how Clémentel encouraged a number of intermediary corporate bodies, including chambers of commerce, to play a significant role in economic affairs. Based on original research it analyses the initiatives these bodies took in transport, power generation and technical education after the war in many regions of France. This economic regionalism was part of a major institutional change in economic policy making. It was also the precursor of the regionalization of economic planning after the Second World War.
Plant N-acylethanolamines play a crucial role in defense and its variation in response to elevated CO2 and temperature in tomato
Authors: Hu Zhangjian , Shi Junying , Feng Shuxian , Wu Xiaodan , Shao Shujun , Shi Kai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ubiquitous lipid-derived molecules N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) have multiple immune functions in mammals, but their roles and mechanisms in plant defense response during changing environment remain largely unclear. Here, we found that exogenous NAE18:0 and NAE18:2 promoted defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea but suppressed defense to the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in tomato. The knocking-down and overexpression function analysis of the pathogen-responsive NAE synthetic gene PHOSPHOLIPASE Dγ (PLDγ) and hydrolytic gene FATTY ACID AMID HYDROLASE 1 (FAAH1) revealed that the NAE pathway is crucial for plant defense response. Using exogenous applications and SA-abolished NahG plants, we unveiled the antagonistic relationship between NAE and SA in plant defense response. Elevated CO2 and temperature significantly changed the NAE pathway in response to pathogens, while inhibition of the NAE pathway led to the alternation of environment-mediated defense variations against Pst DC3000 in tomato, indicating that NAE pathway is associated with plant defense variations in response to elevated CO2 and temperature. The results herein reveal a new function of NAE in plant defense, and its involvement in environment-mediated defense variation in tomato. These findings shed light on the NAE-based plant defense, which may have relevance to crop disease management in future changing climate.
Europe’s “independence wars”: A constitutional perspective—A reply to Antoine Vauchez
Authors: Vibert Frank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This reply to Antoine Vauchez deploys a constitutional perspective to analyze three critical moments identified by Vauchez in the institutional evolution of the European Union. It argues that a constitutional lens offers a more robust perspective for considering the key issues underlying each of the “critical junctures.” It enables a clearer identification of the costs to the EU of prioritizing functional objectives over democratization. It places debate about the independence of the European Central Bank within the broader context of how to situate expert bodies within governance structures. The debates around the judiciary in Hungary and Poland can be seen as part of the inevitable tension between viewing Europe’s construction as a work in progress towards “ever closer union” and the idea that the basic rules of democratic political association should be settled and stable. Far from being a benign “proxy” for Europe’s constitutional evolution, “independence” obscures the real issues and the costs of evasion.
Treatment responses in patients with chromoblastomycosis to itraconazole in Madagascar
Authors: Sendrasoa Fandresena Arilala , Ratovonjanahary Volatantely Tobiniaina , Rasamoelina Tahinamandranto , Ramarozatovo Lala Soavina , Rapelanoro Rabenja Fahafahantsoa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by several pigmented fungi. It is frequently found in tropical and subtropical areas like Madagascar. This study primarily discusses the effects of antifungal therapy while also describing the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of CBM in our patients.

Methods
From March 2013 to January 2019, a descriptive prospective study on CBM patients was undertaken. The study included patients with CBM who had received antifungal treatment for at least 3 months. Itraconazole 200 mg was given to patients every day for ˃3 months. Results were assessed at the 6th and 12th months and classified as major responses, minor responses to treatment, or failure.

Results
A total of 29 cases of CBM were included. The mean age of patients was 42.02 years. They primarily worked in rural areas. Infected men were more prevalent. At the end of the 12th month of itraconazole therapy, 3 patients presented major responses, 14 patients had minor responses to treatment, and 12 had been lost to follow-up. The clinical response of CBM to treatment was correlated to the severity and the long course of CBM. When compared with CBM caused by Cladophialophora, CBM caused by Fonsecaea showed a greater clinical response.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrated that CBM lesions are recalcitrant and difficult to treat.