bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normalized Isometric Shoulder Strength as a Predictor of Ball Velocity in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Arnold Amanda J , Thigpen Charles A , Beattie Paul F , Fritz Stacy L , Kissenberth Michael J , Tokish John M , Shanley Ellen 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Despite increased awareness of factors related to athletic performance and injury prevention, youth and adolescent baseball players continue to report injuries at alarming rates. Upper extremity muscle strength is an integral part of physical assessment and injury prevention in baseball players, however minimal data exists in youth populations. Changes in anthropometric measures, inherent in physically developing athletes, have been shown to impact strength measures, however normalization methodology is rarely reported. PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to 1) compare the measurement properties of five potential methods for normalizing isometric shoulder strength in a cohort of 9-12 year old male baseball players and 2) examine the relationship between normalized isometric shoulder strength and ball velocity in a cohort of 9-12 year old male baseball players. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study (n=159) METHODS Baseline and follow up height, weight and bilateral ulnar length measurements were assessed followed by isometric strength in both the dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Strength measures included scapular plane abduction (scaption), external rotation (ER) at 0°, ER and internal rotation (IR) at 90°. Ball velocity was assessed as a measure of throwing performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), standard errors of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC95) were calculated for all strength measures. Repeated measures ANOVA were conducted comparing changes in normalized strength using five separate anthropometric measures: weight, height, body mass index, ulnar length and % of non-dominant shoulder strength. Linear regression models were used to examine the relationships between normalized isometric shoulder strength and ball velocity. Statistical significance was set a priori at α=0.05. RESULTS Shoulder strength normalized using ulnar length was the only method that demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC2,1 0.98-0.99) and detected significant changes between strength in each of the four measures tested (SEM 0.39-0.69 Nm). Modest but significant correlations were observed between scaption and ball velocity (r2 = 0.27, p < 0.001) and ER at 0° and ball velocity (r2 = 0.23, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Ulnar length was the most stable and reliable normalization method for assessing isometric shoulder strength in youth baseball players. In addition, normalized scaption strength was the most significant predictor of ball velocity, followed by ER at 0° strength in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2b (etiology)
Injury and Injury Prevention in United States Para Swimming: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Salerno Jay , Tow Stephanie , Regan Elizabeth , Bendziewicz Stephen , McMillan Matthew , Harrington Shana 
Published: February 2022

Background Para swimming has experienced increased participation in recent years. Injury and injury prevention research on Para swimmers is lacking compared to swimmers without impairment. Purpose This study aimed to gather data in Para swimmers on typical injuries, injury prevention programs, and attitudes toward injury and injury prevention in this population. Study Design Cross-sectional, mixed-methods design evaluating injuries, injury management, and injury prevention in elite Para swimmers in United States (U.S.). Methods Para swimmers on the U.S. Paralympics Swimming National teams at multiple competition levels were invited to complete an online survey. Qualitative interviews with six U.S. Paralympics National team Para swimmers were conducted to provide detail on athlete experiences with injury and prevention. Results Twenty-one of 56 surveys were returned: 11 of 21 participants (52.4%) reported experiencing an injury that altered their weekly training. All (21/21) reported participating in strength training and 19 of 21 (90.5%) reported incorporating stretching into their training regimen, although strengthening/stretching regimens included routines that may not have been specifically targeted toward injury prevention. Six of 21 (28.6%) reported participation in an injury prevention program. Qualitative interview themes included the impact of swimmers’ compensated body mechanics on injury risk, the value of individualized injury prevention programs, and the importance of knowledgeable coaching and rehabilitation staff. Conclusions Injury prevention programs are important components in Para swimming training although they are underutilized based on responses in this study. These programs should be individualized to address swimming biomechanics and athlete-specific impairments. Increasing coaching knowledge and access to individualized programs may reduce injury prevalence among this at-risk population. Level of Evidence 3
Numerical Study of Wind Loads on Y Plan-Shaped Tall Building Using CFD
Authors: Goyal Pradeep K. , Kumari Sonia , Singh Shivani , Saroj Rahul Kumar , Meena Rahul Kumar , Raj Ritu 
Published: February 2022

The increase in the population is at an exponential rate, and the available land is in the form of irregular shapes. That is why irregular shapes are very commonly built. Wind load increases with respect to height, so wind load evolution is necessary for such high-rise structures. Wind forces majorly depend on the plan's cross-sectional shape. Therefore, for an irregular shape, an investigation is needed for tall buildings. This paper demonstrates a detailed study on velocity stream line, external pressure coefficients, pressure distribution on the surfaces of the building and the turbulence kinetic energy for the Y-shaped plan for tall buildings under wind excitation for wind incidence angles of 0o to 180o. k- turbulence model is utilized to solve the problem using computational fluid dynamics techniques in ANSYS for terrain category II as per IS: 875 (Part3), 2015. Wind ward faces in all building models show positive pressure distribution, while the leeward faces are under the effect of negative pressure distribution. Wind load can be reduced on building models by modifying the corners, such as chamfering, rounding, and double recessed. The variation of pressure distribution on different faces of a "Y" plan shaped tall building for 0° and 180° is investigated using ANSYS CFX, and the pressure contours are plotted for all the faces of different "Y" shaped buildings to compute the effect of corner modification on pressure distribution. In this research, it was found that building models with rounded corners are highly efficient in resisting the wind load. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-06 Full Text: PDF
AHP Approach for Determining Category in Social Media Content Creation in Order to Maximize Revenue per Mille (RPM)
Authors: De Guzman Kevin Joseph , Robielos Rex Aurelius C. 
Published: February 2022

This study utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the selection of an optimal niche or category of videos for maximizing view count. The main income from videos is derived from RPM, which is a set amount per thousand views. A set of criteria was determined from attributes in the dataset that logically contribute to either the videos’ SEO or trend/popularity. The criteria in question were also determined by commonalities across a vast number of video content platforms, which focus more on the essential attributes of a video. In order to perform pairwise comparison, weights were derived from coefficients generated using Linear Regression. Following the creation of the model, we identify the categories with the highest potential for gaining views. Based on the results, the study may be performed in another time frame to reflect the major shifts in public interest over time. Thus, the importance of its repeatability and degree of usability across datasets from different platforms is emphasized. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-01-07 Full Text: PDF
Contribution of Science in Gupta dynasty
Authors: Rao Vibha 
Published: February 2022

The Gupta dynasty is considered the climax period of science and technology in ancient Indian history. During this period, there was unprecedented progress in various branches of science (physics, chemistry, medicine and biology and metallurgy etc.), which are proving useful in modern society as well. The Gupta dynasty has also made an important contribution in mathematics, astrology, in the field of astronomy, metallurgy and technology, the Gupta dynasty is maintaining its own identity. The invention of zero, the value of pi, the use of metal in medicine and surgery are the unforgettable gifts of the Gupta dynasty. The art of making various ornaments from metals and minting coins had developed during this period. The people of this period were well versed in sculpture making art and architecture. The caves of Ajanta and Ellora, Shiva temple of Bhumra, Dashavatar temple of Deogarh, Dhamekh Stupa of Sarnath are some of the best examples.
Abstract in Hindi Lanaguage:
प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास में गुप्तकाल को विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी का चरमोत्कर्ष काल माना जाता है । इस काल में विज्ञान के विभिन्न शाखाओ ( भौतिक विज्ञान , रसायन विज्ञान , चिकित्सा व जीव विज्ञान तथा धातु विज्ञान आदि ) में अभूतपूर्व उन्नति हुई जो आधुनिक समाज में भी उपयोगी सिद्ध हो रही है । गणित , ज्योतिष में भी गुप्तकाल का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान रहा है खगोल विज्ञान , धातु विज्ञान व प्रौद्योगिकी के क्षेत्र मे गुप्तकाल अपनी अलग पहचान बनाये हुए है । शून्य का आविष्कार , पाई का मान , चिकित्सा में धातू का प्रयोग तथा शल्य चिकित्सा गुप्तकाल की अविस्मरणीय देन है । धातुओ से विभिन्न आभूषणों का निर्माण व सिक्का ढालने की कला इस काल में विकसित हो चुकि थी । मूर्ति निर्माण कला तथा वास्तुकला में इस काल के लोग पारन्गत थे । अजन्ता व एलोरा की गुफाएं, भूमरा का शिव मन्दिर , देवगढ़ का दशावतार मंदिर , सारनाथ का धमेख स्तूप इसके कुछ उत्कृष्ठ उदाहरण है ।
The language of women's writing of the twenty first century (with special reference to the story)
Authors: Sharma Shruti 
Published: February 2022

The language of a woman is inherently different from that of a man. Female language norms are completely different from male language norms. Whether said on the basis of 'text' or on the basis of colloquial language. If the female text is analyzed properly, then it will become clear that its nature is different from the male text. Generally, female language was analyzed on the basis of the criteria of male language and male language was considered as the ideal of female language, but it is necessary that in female works the female language should be analyzed in a different linguistic structure. It should be read free from the urges and pressures of patriarchal language.

Abstract in Hindi Language
स्त्री की भाषा पुरुष की भाषा से स्वभावतरू भिन्न होती है। स्त्री भाषा के मानदंड पुरुष भाषा के मानदंड से बिल्कुल अलग होते हैं। चाहे ‘पाठ’ के आधार पर कहें या बोलचाल की भाषा के आधार पर। स्त्री पाठ का यदि ठीक-ठीक विश्लेषण किया जाए तो यह स्पष्ट हो जाएगा कि इसकी प्रकृति पुरुष पाठ से भिन्न होती है। आमतौर पर पुरुष भाषा के मानदंड के आधार पर ही स्त्री भाषा को विश्लेषित किया गया और पुरुष की भाषा को ही स्त्री की भाषा का आदर्श बताया गया लेकिन यह ज़रुरी है कि स्त्री कृतियों में स्त्री-भाषा को भिन्न भाषिक संरचना में विश्लेषित किया जाए। उसे पितृसत्तात्मक भाषा के आग्रहों और दबावों से मुक्त करके पढ़ा जाए।
Barriers to French language use in the Canadian Armed Forces
Authors: Rubenfeld Sara , Sowinski Carla 
Published: February 2022

LAY SUMMARY Despite the official language status of French in Canada, there are barriers that may limit its use in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). This article discusses academic literature on second language learning, group relations, and motivation to describe the dynamics underlying these barriers and provide recommendations to mitigate them. In particular, the concept of ethnolinguistic vitality is discussed to differentiate between minority and majority groups in terms of how second languages are acquired and used. In addition, Communication Accommodation Theory explains how elements of CAF culture — namely, prioritizing operations, team cohesion, and adhering to a chain of command structure — may contribute to Francophone members sensing they are less able than their Anglophone counterparts to use their language of choice in the workplace. Lastly, drawing on Self-Determination Theory, the incentivizing of official language learning is discussed regarding its potential impact on second language proficiency, willingness to use a second language, and continuation of learning. Insights for leadership and second language training approaches are also provided.
MIS-C, una enfermedad rara pero grave asociada a COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Chacón José Roberto , Torres Morales Sheirys Arleth , Hernández Chacón Evelyn María 
Published: February 2022

La enfermedad por COVID-19 inició en diciembre del año 2019, dándose a conocer como pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en marzo del año 2020. El Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos emite alerta sobre un cuadro agudo inflamatorio multisistémico en niños, y lo llamó Síndrome Multisistémico Inflamatorio Pediátrico temporalmente asociado al SARS-CoV-2 o MIS-C. Se manifiesta en niños y adolescentes de entre los 0 y 19 años de edad, que además presenten fiebre por más 3 días, elevación marcada de reactantes de fase aguda, asociado a inflamación mucocutánea, hipotensión o shock, disfunción cardiaca, coagulopatías o síntomas gastrointestinales agudos. El diagnóstico de esta patología se hace a través de la historia clínica, sintomatología y cambios laboratoriales. Presenta características similares de otras enfermedades que cursan con procesos inflamatorios como lo es la enfermedad de Kawasaki, el síndrome de shock tóxico, y el síndrome de activación macrofraga o síndrome hemofagocitico. Se desconoce el manejo adecuado a seguir, pero se han planteado diversos tratamientos que han mostrado mejoría del cuadro clínico de los pacientes, como la administración de inmunoglobulinas intravenosa, corticosteroides y aspirina, entre otros tratamientos específicos.
Optimizing cardiac CT angiography minimum detectable difference via Taguchi’s dynamic algorithm, a V-shaped line gauge, and three PMMA phantoms
Authors: Pan Lung-Fa , Chen Yi-Hua , Wang Chun-Chieh , Peng Bing-Ru , Kittipayak Samrit , Pan Lung-Kwang 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Radiologists widely use the minimum detectable difference (MDD) concept for inspecting the imaging quality and quantify the spatial resolution of scans. OBJECTIVE: This study adopted Taguchi’s dynamic algorithm to optimize the MDD of cardiac CT angiography (CTA) using a V-shaped line gauge and three PMMA phantoms (50, 70, and 90 kg). METHODS: The phantoms were customized in compliance with the ICRU-48 report, whereas the V-shaped line gauge was indigenous to solidify the cardiac CTA scan image quality by two adjacent peaks along the V-shaped slit. Accordingly, the six factors A-F assigned in this study were A (kVp), B (mAs), C (CT pitch), D (FOV), E (iDose), and F (reconstruction filter). Since each factor could have two or three levels, eighteen groups of factor combinations were organized according to Taguchi’s dynamic algorithm. Three welltrained radiologists ranked the CTA scan images three times for three different phantoms. Thus, 27 (3 × 3 × 3) ranked scores were summed and averaged to imply the integrated performance of one specific group, and eventually, 18 groups of CTA scan images were analyzed. The unique signal-to-noise ratio (S/N, dB) and sensitivity in the dynamic algorithm were calculated to reveal the true contribution of assigned factors and clarify the situation in routine CTA diagnosis. RESULTS: Minimizing the cross-interactions among factors, the optimal factor combination was found to be as follows: A (100 kVp), B (600 mAs), C (pitch 0.200 mm), D (FOV 280 mm), E (iDose 5), and F (filter XCA). The respective MDD values were 2.15, 2.32, and 1.87 mm for 50, 70, and 90 kg phantoms, respectively. The MDD of the 90 kg phantom had the most precise spatial resolution, while that of the 70 kg phantom was the worst. CONCLUSION: The Taguchi static and dynamic optimization algorithms were compared, and the latter’s superiority was substantiated.
Proteomic study of plaque fluid in high caries and caries free children
Authors: Chen Weixu , He Zhiyan , Ran Shujun , Liang Jingping , Jiang Wei 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of caries is a complex process affected by multiple factor. OBJECTIVE: The present study was envisaged to evaluate the plaque fluid in caries free children and children with high caries, in order to establish a data set of bacterial secretion proteomics. A non-labeled quantitative technique based on two-dimensional liquid chromatography-series mass spectroscopy was employed to detect plaque fluid. Based on the proteomics data, the database search, data processing and pathway analysis illuminated the function of these proteins, and clarified the role of plaque microecology in caries occurrence and development. METHODS: The study enrolled 8 caries free (CF) children, whose decayed-missed-filled surface of teeth is 0 (dmfs = 0), and caries sensitive (CS) children, whose decayed-missed-filled surface of teeth is > 10(dmfs > 10) (3 ∼ 5 years old) for the smooth tooth plaque and the plaque in the high caries group. The plaque protein was extracted using the unlabeled quantitative technique like liquid chromatography-series mass spectrometry, using DeCyderTM MS Differential Analysis Software (version 1.0, GE Healthcare) that detected and compared the spectra, and quantified the full scanning before series mass spectroscopy. After obtaining all peptides with quantitative information, significantly differential polypeptide molecules were obtained (p< 0.05), and a metabolic pathway analysis was performed. RESULTS: We identified 1,804 peptides with quantitative information, including 39 in CF, 30 in CS, and 1,735 similarly expressing peptides. After statistical analysis, 603 statistically different expression peptide data sets were obtained, including 202 high-expressed peptides in Group CF, 33 greater than 1.5 fold peptides, 401 high-expressed in Group CS and 199 greater than 1.5 fold peptide (173 nonredundant proteins). CONCLUSION: Our study obtained the largest known dataset of the bacterial secretion protein in children with high caries, and screened the data set of high caries state. 603 peptides were statistically rich in 101 pathways, including glycolysis pyruvate acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentyl phosphate pathway, fructose mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and ABC transporters.
The effect of different doses of octenidine hexafluorosilicate on the development of dental caries in rats
Authors: Анісімов В. Ю. , Борисюк І. Ю. , Гельмбольдт В. О. 
Published: February 2022

At present, ammonium hexafluorosilicate and hexafluorosilicates of organic amonium cations are actively studied as potential anticaries agents, which demonstrate certain advantages over traditional compounds of fluorine. Previously, it was shown that hexafluorosilicates with bactericidal cations of chlorhexidine, polyhexamethyleneguanidine and cetylpyridinium effectively reduce the number and depth of carious lesions of teeth in rats and at the same time significantly improve the biochemical parameters of the pulp of the teeth.
The aim of the work – to study the effect of different doses of octenidine hexafluorosilicate (OHFS) on the incidence of dental caries in rats fed a cariogenic diet (CD).
OHFC preparations were applied to the teeth and gums of rats in the composition of phytogels based on Na-salt of carboxymethylcellulose. In the incisor pulp, the activity of alkaline (ALP) and acidic (ACP) phosphatases, elastase, lysozyme was determined, and the mineralizing index (MI) was calculated. The number and depth of dental caries lesions were calculated and caries prophylactic efficacy (CPE) was calculated. The activity of elastase, catalase, lysozyme and urease was determined in the gums, and the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined.
Determination of dental caries lesions shows that CD does not increase the number of carious lesions, and after the application of gels with OHFS, their number significantly decreases. The most effective was the concentration of the OHFS gel, equal to 2 mg/ml, although the concentration of the OHFS gel 1 mg/ml showed a decrease by 33.3%. The calculated CPE is 33.3% for a gel with 1 mg/ml OHFS, 36.4% for a gel with 2 mg/ml and 24.2% for a gel with 4 mg/ml. It has been shown that in rats receiving CD, the ALP activity significantly decreases and the ACP activity significantly increases, which gives a significant decrease in MI from 43.9 to 28.9. Application of gels with OHFS returns the activity of both phosphatases to the control level and almost completely normalizes MI, and the concentration of OHFS gel of 2 mg/ml turned out to be the most effective. Application of gels with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml OHFS reduced elastase activity by 6% and 12%, respectively, whereas application of a gel with 4 mg/ml OHFS did not result in a decrease in elastase activity. From the results of determining the degree of dysbiosis in the blood serum of rats, it can be seen that CD causes the development of generalized dysbiosis. Application of gels with OHFS significantly reduce the degree of dysbiosis, especially gels with OHFS concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml.
Oral application of gels containing OHFS reduces the incidence of caries on the teeth, increases the mineralizing activity of the pulp and reduces the degree of generalized dysbiosis. The most effective concentration of the OHFS gel is 2 mg/ml, which corresponds to a dose of 2.2 mg/kg.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CRESTAL BONE CHANGES IN IMMEDIATE PLACEMENT AND DELAYED PALCEMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANT : A CLINICO-RADIOGRAPHICAL STUDY
Authors: Shitole Akshara M , Shukla Pradeep , Kataria Prerna , Shukla Preeti , Dagar Mona 
Published: February 2022

Background : To compare crestal bone changes after placement of immediate versus delayed dental implant
Aim and Objective : Comparative evaluation of crestal bone changes in immediate placement and delayed palcement of dental implant: A clinico-radiographical study.
Methods : A coparative study was conducted in total 20 implant sites in patients within the age group 20-60 years comprising both male and female visiting Out-patient Department of Periodontology and Implantology ,D J College of Dental Science and Research Modinagar (U.P). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline ,3 months ,6 months; they included pain, mobility, radiographic assessment for crestal bone changes.
Results : On intergroup comparison, the mean difference of the pain and mobility between Group A and GroupB showed that there was no significant result. On intergroup comparison, the mean difference of the crestal bone changes between Group A and Group B showed that Group B had slightly higher bone loss than Group A during baseline to 6th month period.
Conclusion : Within limitations of this study, it can be concluded that there was significant crestal bone loss in Group A (Immediate implantation) at both mesial and distal surface during baseline to 6th month observation period. Furthermore, a continuous bone resorption was observed over the time in both the groups. Due to small sample size, short duration, and CBCT assessment of crestal bone loss during follow-up in the study long?term survival of two?piece implants in both the groups cannot be determined; so, further studies are required to be done.
Keywords: Crestal bone loss, dental implant, osseointegration