bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation of an infinite elastic cone due to a point pressure source buried on the axis: implications to volcanic deformation
Authors: Nishiyama Ryuichi 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
This paper presents a semi-analytical solution describing the deformation of an infinite elastic cone due to a point pressure source buried on the axis. The solution is based on the displacement potentials developed by Love in the spherical coordinate system and is solved as a boundary value problem given on the cone surface using the techniques of Mellin transform. Numerical integration of the inverse Mellin transform yields solutions for various cone angles. The displacements calculated for the cone angle α = 90° are confirmed to agree with the well-known Mogi’s solution for the infinite half-space. The present work will be useful for interpretation of the deformation of volcanoes with steep topography and for verification of other numerical methods.
Maternal antibody repertoire restriction modulates the development of lupus-like disease in BXSB offspring
Authors: Zhu Jing , Naughton Samantha , Bowman Nina , LeRoith Tanya , Luo Xin , Leeth Caroline 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that has a strong preference for women of child-bearing age. Maternal factors play an essential role in shaping the immune system of the newborn, yet it is unknown whether maternal factors could modulate the development of SLE in the offspring. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an enzyme required for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. Given that IgG and IgA isotypes account for the vast majority of passive immunity in rodents, our previously established AID-deficient BXSB mice provide a model in which maternal antibodies that can be transferred to the offspring are greatly diminished and have restricted repertoire. In this study, we compared genotypically identical mice born to either AID-sufficient dams or AID-deficient dams and evaluated the effects of maternal antibodies in disease progression. Offspring from knockout dams developed disease at a faster rate, as shown by more severe nephritis and elevated pathogenic autoantibodies compared to their counterparts born to wild-type dams. When immune competent pups were cross fostered onto AID-deficient dams, these mice exhibited more severe disease characteristics, including exacerbated lupus nephritis, increased levels of circulating antinuclear antibodies, and more activated T cells. These results suggest that a protective antibody effect contributes to the modulation of SLE progression in postnatal period. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of maternal antibodies in programming the immune system and altering SLE development in offspring.
Acetylation of Nup62 by TIP60 ensures accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis
Authors: Akbar Hameed , Cao Jun , Wang Dongmei , Yuan Xiao , Zhang Manjuan , Muthusamy Saravanakumar , Song Xiaoyu , Liu Xu , Aikhionbare Felix , Yao Xuebiao , Gao Xinjiao , Liu Xing 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTStable transmission of genetic information during cell division requires faithful mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. In eukaryotic cells, nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) is required for proper chromosome segregation. Although a list of mitotic kinases has been implicated in NEBD, how they coordinate their activity to dissolve the nuclear envelope and protein machinery such as nuclear pore complexes was unclear. Here, we identified a regulatory mechanism in which Nup62 is acetylated by TIP60 in human cell division. Nup62 is a novel substrate of TIP60, and the acetylation of Lys432 by TIP60 dissolves nucleoporin Nup62–Nup58–Nup54 complex during entry into mitosis. Importantly, this acetylation-elicited remodeling of nucleoporin complex promotes the distribution of Nup62 to the mitotic spindle, which is indispensable for orchestrating correct spindle orientation. Moreover, suppression of Nup62 perturbs accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. These results establish a previously uncharacterized regulatory mechanism in which TIP60-elicited nucleoporin dynamics promotes chromosome segregation in mitosis.
A phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (the JROSG 10–2 trial)
Authors: Murofushi Keiko Nemoto , Itasaka Satoshi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Murakami Yuji , Yamamoto Takaya , Nishimura Yasumasa , Kudo Shigehiro , Sakamoto Takashi , Ariga Takuro , Ogo Etsuyo , Taguchi Kentaro , Jingu Keiichi , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC). Patients with T1–4N0-3M0 SCCAC received chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 800 mg/m2/day, 96-h infusion) and mitomycin-C (MMC, 10 mg/m2 bolus). Patients treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were administered 36.0 Gy in 20 fractions or 49.5 Gy in 33 fractions for elective nodal irradiation and 59.4 Gy in 33 fractions for primary tumor and metastatic nodal irradiation. The sample size was considered sufficient to estimate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the true 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) within a width of +15% when the expected true 2-year DFS was 70%. The primary endpoint was 2-year DFS. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival (OS), locoregional control (LC), colostomy-free survival (CFS) and adverse events. Thirty-one patients were enrolled between January 2014 and July 2019. The median follow-up was 33.3 months (range, 16.2–65.8 months). Among the 31 patients, 13%, 32%, 16% and 39% had stage I, II, IIIA and IIIB disease, respectively. Thirty patients were treated with IMRT. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 27 patients. The 2-year DFS, OS, LC and CFS rates were 77.4% (95% CI, 58.4–88.5%), 93.5% (95% CI, 76.6–98.3%), 83.9% (95% CI, 65.5–92.9%) and 80.6% (95% CI, 61.9–90.8%), respectively. One patient experienced grade 3 late adverse events; however, no grade ≥ 4 late adverse events occurred. Good DFS with a low rate of late adverse events was observed. Chemoradiotherapy with 5-FU and MMC was effective for SCCAC.
Plaintiff aims in medical negligence disputes: limitations of an adversarial system
Authors: Tumelty Mary-Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The adversarial nature of medical negligence litigation is subject to frequent criticism by the media, patient advocates, and scholars. In Ireland, reform of the medical negligence dynamic is often mooted, particularly in response to the high financial costs of this type of litigation; however, change in this area has been slow. Recently, the Irish courts have dealt with a number of high-profile, medical negligence disputes, including claims for those affected by the CervicalCheck controversy, which involved the failure to disclose the results of a retrospective audit to women who had developed cervical cancer. These cases have again highlighted the shortcomings of an adversarial system. This article explores the limitations of the tort system in the context of plaintiff aims in medical negligence disputes, drawing on empirical findings (qualitative interviews with patient support groups and barristers), and the literature. In doing so, the article argues that while financial compensation is necessary and appropriate in cases of medical negligence, the current system fails to recognise the often emotional nature of these claims, and the wider needs and aims of litigants involved in these disputes.
Discrimination toward migrants during crises
Authors: Rodríguez Chatruc Marisol , Rozo Sandra Viviana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How do crises shape native attitudes towards migrants? A common threat could produce an empathy channel among natives, but the perception of competition for scarce economic resources could just as easily spark prejudice through a resentment channel. Totally, 3,400 Colombian citizens were surveyed and randomly primed to consider the economic consequences of COVID-19 before eliciting their attitudes towards Venezuelan migrants. The findings suggest that native attitudes towards migrants are substantially more suggestive of the resentment channel in the treatment group. However, respondents in the so-called impressionable years—ages 18–25—showed more altruism towards migrants after priming. Interestingly, both effects disappear in response to positive news.
Probing protein ubiquitination in live cells
Authors: Qin Weihua , Steinek Clemens , Kolobynina Ksenia , Forné Ignasi , Imhof Axel , Cardoso M Cristina , Leonhardt Heinrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reversible attachment of ubiquitin governs the interaction, activity and degradation of proteins whereby the type and target of this conjugation determine the biological response. The investigation of this complex and multi-faceted protein ubiquitination mostly relies on painstaking biochemical analyses. Here, we employ recombinant binding domains to probe the ubiquitination of proteins in living cells. We immobilize GFP-fused proteins of interest at a distinct cellular structure and detect their ubiquitination state with red fluorescent ubiquitin binders. With this ubiquitin fluorescent three-hybrid (ubiF3H) assay we identified HP1β as a novel ubiquitination target of UHRF1. The use of linkage specific ubiquitin binding domains enabled the discrimination of K48 and K63 linked protein ubiquitination. To enhance signal-to-noise ratio, we implemented fluorescence complementation (ubiF3Hc) with split YFP. Using in addition a cell cycle marker we could show that HP1β is mostly ubiquitinated by UHRF1 during S phase and deubiquitinated by the protease USP7. With this complementation assay we could also directly detect the ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor p53 and monitor its inhibition by the anti-cancer drug Nutlin-3. Altogether, we demonstrate the utility of the ubiF3H assay to probe the ubiquitination of specific proteins and to screen for ligases, proteases and small molecules controlling this posttranslational modification.
Phenomenological Displacements
Authors: Fisher Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the mediatization of grief and mourning in northern Australia. Its ethnographic focus is the death of a renowned singer and the initial silencing and subsequent re-sounding of recordings of his voice. In order to grasp what was at stake in these events, the analysis privileges recent work on atmospheres and ethics, attending in particular to the sense of disturbance that his death evoked, and the atmospheric density and authority its demand for attention entailed. In a fundamental sense the chapter asks how sovereignty feels and sounds, a problem I broach ethnographically by attending to those atmospheric disturbances that accompany death and displacement in northern Australia. Through ethnographic and phenomenological attention to musical media, I examine the ways that Indigenous authority (rom) is reaffirmed and remade in the era of its mediatization in modes of atmospheric attunement and co-composition.
Sport, Cities, and Communities
Authors: Mason Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the complex relationships between sport, cities, and communities by examining the public funding of sports infrastructure in cities of all sizes, how researchers have attempted to measure the impacts of sport and sports facilities in cities, and the arguments for and against the use of sport in cities to meet broader development aims. Attention is given to the hosting of sporting events and professional teams in the North American context, the arguments made for the provision of infrastructure such as arenas and stadiums, how independent research has assessed their value, and their impacts on the broader communities surrounding the development. The chapter also examines the role of sport and sport infrastructure in broader debates on the governance and status of cities and competition (perceived or otherwise) between cities to become more attractive for businesses, investors, tourists, and residents alike.
Sport, the Environment, and Geopolitics
Authors: Miller Toby 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sports imperil the environment in two ways. First, they generate a significant carbon footprint via the construction of buildings, air and automobile travel, energy use, and media coverage. Second, they accept sponsorship from the extractive industries, imbuing ecologically destructive corporations with positive images fostered by an association with putatively natural, pleasurable pastimes. International organizations and sovereign states are responsible as well as sporting entities through related policies and programs, along with the international bourgeois media and conventional scholars, who have largely neglected these questions. That needs to change.
Sport, Tourism, and Social Impacts
Authors: Gibson Heather J. , Fairley Sheranne 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Scholarship in sport tourism began to gather speed in the late 1990s. Initially attention was on defining sport tourism and the economic impact of sport events. Calls to move scholarship from largely descriptive case studies to a theoretically informed body of work manifested in various ways. This chapter chronicles some of the developments in sport tourism scholarship over the past 20 years, with a focus on legacy and leveraging, social impacts, and small-scale events. In so doing, topics such as event portfolios, social capital, youth sport, and the impact of COVID-19 are discussed. The growth of event management as a discipline is examined in terms of its impact on sport tourism going forward. The authors note the touristic dimension in sport event research has often been missing or downplayed in recent studies, which raises questions about the long-term viability of sport tourism as an area of study.
Sport, Marketing, and Consumer Culture
Authors: Cornwell T. Bettina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In sport, marketing takes two major forms: the marketing of sports and marketing via sports. The former is typically referred to as “sports marketing,” and the latter, “sponsorship-linked marketing.” Importantly, both forms of marketing in sport influence consumer culture. Sport marketing is a business activity that fuels sport consumption, but it may be sponsorship-linked marketing that plays a more dominant role in shaping consumer culture within and beyond sport. Sport marketing struggles with issues inherent in sport, such as the promotion of women, the cost of attending sporting events, and challenges of participating in competition. At the same time, sport marketing has a unique relationship with the increasingly diverse technologies used to interface with fans and social media about sport, especially as it connects fans with athletes. Sponsorship-linked marketing connects sport with a vast array of industries that hold powerful financial sway over the conduct of sport and over the presentation of sport celebrities in media. Over recent decades, commercialization and its concomitant processes of globalization have become an overarching concern regarding the sponsorship of sport. On the other hand, brands that take stands on issues such as racism, inclusive participation, and fairness, can use their financial influence and social capital for the betterment of sport and, more broadly at times, society. Fans, as consumers of sport, can and should play a role in the trajectory and influence of the consumer cultures that emerge from sporting contexts.
Sport, Science, and Technology
Authors: McDonald Mary G. , Sterling Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Science and technology continue to be intertwined with sport and physical activity. Sports studies scholars have long used a variety of theoretical and conceptual tools to detail this relationship. Increasingly scholars within the interdisciplinary field of science and technology studies have also turned their attention to evaluating the ever-expanding technoscientific sporting landscape. This chapter provides an overview which maps out key ideas related to the critical study of science and technology in regard to two broad sensibilities: (1) human-centered analyses that investigate such issues as scientific racism, the use of performance-enhancing drugs and devices, and gender verification practices within sports and (2) more-than-human analyses that explore new materialisms’ and actor network theory’s emphasis on the agency of nonhuman actors, including critical investigations of technoscience as a key actor within sports. This chapter also discusses the competing ontologies which ground these different sensibilities. Additionally, the chapter examines the quantified self, or self-tracking technologies, as a way to further reveal the possibilities and limitations of both human and more-than-human approaches in regard to the study of sport, society, and technoscience.
Sport, Drugs, and Doping
Authors: Dimeo Paul , Henning April 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two key issues continue to haunt sport: first, that athletes have cheated, and will continue to cheat, using strong performance-enhancing drugs that involve health risks; second, that draconian antidoping measures have led to excessive surveillance, disproportionate punishments, and severe consequences (financial, mental health, long-term career) for some athletes. Academic approaches are broadly divided into those practically supportive of antidoping through prevention research, those which accept the current nature of antidoping policy and aim to provide improved knowledge and understanding, and those with a more critical perspective, including trying to find manageable and acceptable new solutions, such as harm reduction. The chapter reviews these approaches and summarizes key issues and debates before exploring the contribution to be made by social science research.
Sport, Alcohol, and Ritual
Authors: Palmer Catherine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the key issues and debates that emerge from the relationship between sport, alcohol, and ritual. In many contexts, alcohol is used as a form of sociality, bonding, and a rite of passage across team celebrations, initiations, and similar events. While aspects of this are pleasurable, they are also problematic, indicative of and leading to a range of social concerns of relevance to the sociology of sport. The chapter outlines the tensions implicit in both the pleasures and problems that emerge from sport, alcohol, and ritual. In particular, analysis extends the typical focus on men, sport, and alcohol and examines the rituals of alcohol among women, older athletes, and athletes with disability. The chapter continues an ongoing research agenda that asks sociologists to extend our conceptual, theoretical, and empirical frameworks for thinking about sports-associated drinking.
Sport, Children, and Socialization
Authors: Green Ken , Wheeler Sharon , Johansen Patrick Foss 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores what is meant by “socialization” as well as some of the key aspects of sports socialization (such as the long-standing problematic of the process of socialization into sport, the impact of socioeconomic divisions on socialization, and the relationship between socialization and lifelong participation). It also examines the main approaches to understanding socialization into sport and some of the main debates (such as the growing involvement of parents in the sporting socialization of children). All in all, there is now a substantial body of evidence that the foundations for lifelong participation in sport are usually laid in childhood and youth in family contexts. Participation is unlikely to endure into and through adulthood unless foundations have been laid in childhood in the family.
Sport, Youth, and Elite Development
Authors: Smith Andy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines changes in sport participation during the youth life stage (roughly ages 13 to 25). It considers the changing nature of youth sport careers, how this is related to the extension, destandardization, and individualization of the youth life stage, and the significance of youth leisure as the context for youth sport careers. The chapter also considers the sporting experiences of those young people who embark upon elite sport careers from the early teenage years. Attention is drawn to the significance of family support, coaching practices, and elite sports cultures and structures for young people who pursue elite sport careers, and some of the “costs” incurred by the young people who progressively engage in elite-level sport pathways. These issues are considered from largely sociological vantage points on the study of youth and the youth life stage.
Sport, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Adair Daryl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The social identity markers of “race” and ethnicity are critical elements of societies past and present; thus, they have shaped the way that sport accommodates (or otherwise) people of diverse backgrounds in respect of skin color and ancestry. The journey to greater ethnoracial inclusivity in sport has been fraught with enormous challenges, and although contemporary physical culture is hardly removed from bigotry and racial vilification, there have been significant and welcome changes. This chapter begins by providing insights into the concepts of “race” and ethnicity in society, which then allows for the exploration of sport as a vehicle for negotiating norms of participation, feelings of belonging, and initiatives to deter xenophobia. The prime focus is research developments pertaining to sport in the West and societies riven by settler colonialism.
Sport, Femininities, and Heteronormativity
Authors: Cooky Cheryl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the intersections of sport, femininities, and heteronormativity, with a primary focus on contemporary U.S. sporting cultures, practices, and meanings. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the gendered context of sport in the United States. The role of sport in reaffirming and challenging gendered ideologies is discussed. The second section highlights several foundational approaches used by feminist sports studies scholars to understand and explain the experiences and meanings of sportswomen and women’s sports. Included in this section is an overview of Connell’s structural theories of gender, intersectional theories of domination and oppression, and postfeminisms. The third section of the chapter provides insight into three ways that heteronormative femininity shapes women’s sports and focuses on three key areas: sex testing policies, promotional cultures, and media representations.
Sport, Transgender Athletes, and Nonbinary Experience
Authors: Travers  
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transgender and nonbinary athletes experience significant obstacles to sport participation that are primarily related to prevalent sex-segregated and/or sex-differentiated institutions, spaces, and activities. Sport reflects and reinforces a Eurocentric, hetero-patriarchal binary sex system, and this requires the containment of women and nonbinary athletes who threaten to throw this social, economic, and political configuration into disarray, whether as individuals they are interested in doing so or not. This chapter provides an overview of literature relating to the experience of transgender and nonbinary people in sport, situates transgender participation in the broader context of modern sport as an historically specific formation, and provides an overview of scholarly debates about female eligibility policies that target transgender women and women with naturally higher testosterone levels than the so-called female norm.