bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire and rain: A systematic review of the impacts of wildfire and associated runoff on aquatic fauna
Authors: Gomez Isaza Daniel F. , Cramp Rebecca L. , Franklin Craig E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate and land‐use changes are expected to increase the future occurrence of wildfires, with potentially devastating consequences for freshwater species and ecosystems. Wildfires that burn in close proximity to freshwater systems can significantly alter the physicochemical properties of water. Following wildfires and heavy rain, freshwater species must contend with complex combinations of wildfire ash components (nutrients, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals), altered light and thermal regimes, and periods of low oxygen that together can lead to mass mortality events. However, the responses of aquatic fauna to wildfire disturbances are poorly understood. Here we provide a systematic review of available evidence on how aquatic animals respond to and recover from wildfire disturbance. Two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) were used to identify key literature. A total of 83 studies from across 11 countries were identified to have assessed the risk of wildfires on aquatic animals. We provide a summary of the main ecosystem‐level changes associated with wildfires and the main responses of aquatic fauna to such disturbances. We pay special focus to physiological tools and biomarkers used to assess how wildfires impact aquatic animals. We conclude by providing an overview of how physiological biomarkers can further our understanding of wildfire‐related impacts on aquatic fauna, and how different physiological tools can be incorporated into management and conservation plans and serve as early warning signs of wildfire disturbances.
Headache neuroimaging: A survey of current practice, barriers, and facilitators to optimal use
Authors: Reynolds Evan L. , Burke James F. , Evans Lacey , Syed Faiz I. , Liao Eric , Lobo Remy , Cooper Wade , Charleston Larry , Callaghan Brian C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to understand current practice, clinician understanding, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators to optimal headache neuroimaging practices.BackgroundHeadaches are common in adults, and neuroimaging for these patients is common, costly, and increasing. Although guidelines recommend against routine headache neuroimaging in low‐risk scenarios, guideline‐discordant neuroimaging is still frequently performed.MethodsWe administered a 60‐item survey to headache clinicians at the Veterans Affairs health system to assess clinician understanding and attitudes on headache neuroimaging and to determine neuroimaging practice patterns for three scenarios describing hypothetical patients with headaches. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses, stratified by clinician type (physicians or advanced practice clinicians [APCs]) and specialty (neurology or primary care).ResultsThe survey was successfully completed by 431 of 1426 clinicians (30.2% response rate). Overall, 317 of 429 (73.9%) believed neuroimaging was overused for patients with headaches. However, clinicians would utilize neuroimaging a mean (SD) 30.9% (31.7) of the time in a low‐risk scenario without red flags, and a mean 67.1% (31.9) of the time in the presence of minor red flags. Clinicians had stronger beliefs in the potential benefits (268/429, 62.5%) of neuroimaging compared to harms (181/429, 42.2%) and more clinicians were bothered by harms stemming from the omission of neuroimaging (377/426, 88.5%) compared to commission (329/424, 77.6%). Additionally, APCs utilized neuroimaging more frequently than physicians and were more receptive to potential interventions to improve neuroimaging utilization.ConclusionsAlthough a majority of clinicians believed neuroimaging was overused for patients with headaches, many would utilize neuroimaging in low‐risk scenarios with a small probability of changing management. Future studies are needed to define the role of currently used red flags given their importance in neuroimaging decisions. Importantly, APCs may be an ideal target for future optimization efforts.
Do adverse childhood experiences and genetic obesity risk interact in relation to body mass index in young adulthood? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Authors: Inoue Yosuke , Graff Mariaelisa , Howard Annie Green , Highland Heather M. , Young Kristin L. , Harris Kathleen Mullan , North Kari E. , Li Yun , Duan Qing , Gordon‐Larsen Penny 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundFew studies have focused on the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in relation to genetic susceptibility to obesity.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the interaction between the presence of ACEs (i.e., physical, psychological and sexual abuse) before the age of 18 and BMI polygenic score.MethodsData came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave IV (2007/2008) where saliva samples were collected for DNA genotyping and information on BMI and ACEs were obtained from 5854 European American (EA), 2073 African American (AA) and 1448 Hispanic American (HA) participants aged 24 to 32 years old. Polygenic scores were calculated as the sum of the number of risk alleles of BMI‐related SNPs which were weighted by effect size. A race/ethnicity‐stratified mixed‐effects linear regression model was used to test for differential association between BMI polygenic score and BMI by the presence of ACEs.ResultsWe did not find any evidence of significant interaction between ACEs and polygenic score in relation to BMI among EA (p = 0.289), AA (p = 0.618) or HA (p = 0.870). In main effects models, polygenic score was positively associated with BMI in all race/ethnic groups, yet the presence of ACEs was associated with increased BMI only among EA.ConclusionWe did not find any evidence that ACEs exacerbate genetic predisposition to increased BMI in early adulthood.
Open innovation and information technology use: Towards an operational alignment view
Authors: Cui Tingru , Tong Yu , Tan Chuan‐Hoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA centralised open innovation search approach refers to setting up a dedicated and specialised sourcing unit to search external sources for knowledge, while a decentralised open innovation search approach refers to empowering employees in various functional units to search external sources for knowledge during their routine research and development work. This research examines the operational alignment of the open innovation search approach with information technology (IT) use given that open innovation search can be significantly enhanced by IT. We theorise that organisations that have a high extent of employing a centralised (decentralised) open innovation approach and a high IT use intensity for external (internal) information flows are likely to have a high extent of exploratory (exploitative) innovation. We further posit that harnessing exploratory and exploitative innovation can lead to organisational innovation performance. This theory was validated through a field survey involving 186 organisations. The findings from this study advance the IT and open innovation literature by gaining an understanding of the interplay among different open innovation search approaches and IT use, and the resulting variances in innovation performance in terms of new product sales and patents.
White light emission of wide‐bandgap silicon carbide: A review
Authors: Kar Ajitesh , Kundu Kusumita , Chattopadhyay Himadri , Banerjee Rajat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are the most promising alternative to the conventional lighting sources due to their high efficacy and energy saving in illumination. Silicon carbide (SiC) has a wide optical bandgap and could be tailored to emit light at different wavelengths across the entire visible spectrum by introducing different dopants. Donor and acceptor (DA) co‐doped fluorescent SiC (f‐SiC) is a potential candidate for replacing phosphor material in white LEDs, as it has been observed as a good wavelength converter overcoming the disadvantages of rare earth‐containing phosphors, such as poor color‐rendering index (CRI), short lifetime, and short degradation time. The current study attempts to present an overview on the available approaches to fabricate f‐SiC for generating the white light emission and challenges in fundamental research issues to enhance quantum efficiency, color rendering performance, stability, reproducibility of color quality, and lifetime of f‐SiC.
Double perovskite Sr2FeReO6 oxides: Structural, dielectric, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties
Authors: Leng Kai , Tang Qingkai , Wu Zhiwei , Yi Kang , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDouble perovskite Sr2FeReO6 (SFRO) powders were synthesized by so‐gel process and annealed in argon atmosphere. Their structural, dielectric, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties were comprehensively investigated. It was found that the SFRO powders possessed a tetragonal crystal structure with I4/m space group and exhibited spherical shapes with some agglomeration due to the magnetic interactions between particles of the powders. Quantitative energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer data revealed the atomic ratio of Sr, Fe, Re, and O elements close to the nominal values of 2:1:1:6. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy spectra reveal two species of Re5+ and Re6‐7+ coexist in the SFRO powders. Sr, Fe, and O elements are present as Sr2+, Fe3+, and lattice oxygen, respectively.Dielectric property measurements revealed a Maxwell–Wagner type dielectric dispersion in the SFRO ceramics. Ferromagnetic behavior was verified by the observed magnetic hysteresis loops in the SFRO powders at 2 K and 300 K. The remanent magnetization and coercive field at 2 K were 8.23 emu/g and 3152 Oe, respectively, and the saturated magnetization was estimated to be 21.8 emu/g (or 2.0 μB/f.u.), smaller than the theoretical value of 3.0 μB/f.u. owing to the presence of the anti‐site defects. Magnetic Curie temperature (TC) was estimated to be 432.3 K. Intergranular tunneling magnetoresistance and hysteresis phenomena were observed in the SFRO powders at low temperatures, and the MR (2 K, 6 T) was measured to be −15% and −10% for MR (100 K, 6 T). Electrical transport and optical absorption measurements demonstrate the semiconducting nature of the SFRO with optical band gap of 1.39 eV. The electrical transport process follows the small polaron variable range hopping theory. The unique combination of high TC ferromagnetism with the semiconductivity enables the SFRO to be a promising candidate for spintronic devices.
Patients' and family members' views on pacemaker reuse: An international survey
Authors: Hughey Andrew B. , Muthappan Palaniappan , Badin Auroa , Baman Timir , Baig‐Ansari Naila , Jawed Fayez , Khan Abdul B. , Jiang Qingmei , Hughey Katherine L. , Toruño Rolando J. , Machado Christian , Refaat Marwan M. , Zakka Patrick , Hotait Mostafa , Eagle Kim A. , Crawford Thomas C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe reuse of cardiac implantable electronic devices may help increase access to these therapies in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). No published data exist regarding the views of patients and family members in LMICs regarding this practice.Methods and ResultsAn article questionnaire eliciting attitudes regarding pacemaker reuse was administered to ambulatory adult patients and patients' family members at outpatient clinics at Centro Nacional Cardiologia in Managua, Nicaragua, Indus Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, and Hospital Eugenio Espejo in Quito, Ecuador, and American University of Beirut Medical Center in Beirut, Lebanon. There were 945 responses (Nicaragua – 100; Pakistan – 493; Ecuador – 252; and Lebanon – 100). A majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they would be willing to accept a reused pacemaker if risks were similar to a new device (707, 75%), if there were a higher risk of device failure compared with a new device (584, 70%), or if there were a higher risk of infection compared to a new device (458, 56%). A large majority would be willing to donate their own pacemaker at the time of their death (884, 96%) or the device of a family member (805, 93%). Respondents who were unable to afford a new device were more likely to be willing to accept a reused device (79% vs. 63%, p < .001).ConclusionsPatients and their family members support the concept of pacemaker reuse for patients who cannot afford new devices.
Extraction and classification of apple defects under uneven illumination based on machine vision
Authors: Wang Bao , Yin Jiaqi , Liu Junjie , Fang Honggang , Li Jiansen , Sun Xia , Guo Yemin , Xia Lianming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe extraction and classification of different kinds of defects can achieve a more sophisticated classification of apples. In this study, a region of interest (ROI) extraction algorithm based on background separation, brightness correction, and the global threshold was designed for the extraction of apple decay and bruise under uneven light conditions. After brightness correction, we calculate the average gray value of the apple region and multiply the value by 0.8 as the threshold. In this way, the threshold of different apple images can be determined automatically without a manual setting. After extracting ROI, we realized the classification of the two kinds of defects by extracting texture features. Based on the selected texture features, the support vector machine discriminant models were established. The accuracy of the model based on angular second moment was 94.8% and the model based on entropy was 94.7%. The total time from ROI extraction to classification was approximately 1.2 s. The results showed that this extraction and classification process had application prospects in practical detection classification.Practical ApplicationsUngraded fruits were not easy to store, transport, or sell at a price based on quality. The classification was directly related to fruit packaging, transportation, storage and sales of the results, and benefits, so it was very important to carry out fruit classification. Machine vision technology can achieve objective and nondestructive rapid detection. Many studies had achieved extraction of defective parts. However, they directly classified apples with defects into one category without further classification of types of the defects. In many classification standards, such as GBT10651‐2008, they need to classify apples more finely according to the defect types. This study achieved extraction and classification of different kinds of apple defects by machine vision technology and achieved a satisfactory accuracy and detection speed, which provided theoretical support for the realization of strict and fine classification of apple in industrial applications in the future.
The effects of person‐specific, task, and environmental factors on digital transformation and innovation in auditing: A review of the literature
Authors: Barr‐Pulliam Dereck , Brown‐Liburd Helen L. , Munoko Ivy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study reviews literature examining digital transformation in the external audit setting. Our review will inform the standard‐setting initiatives of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) related to the use of technology in auditing. We identified 36 articles on digital transformation in the external audit published between 2000 and 2021 across 20 journals ranked A*, A, B, and C on the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) 2021 Journal Quality List. We also identified 18 advanced working papers. These articles cover conceptual frameworks and archival, experimental, interviews, case studies, and survey research methods. Fifty percent of the published articles appear in A* or A journals, of which nine were published in one of the premier six accounting research journals (i.e., A*) since 2020. This trend is a promising sign that there appears to be increasing interest in publishing digital transformation‐related research in these general interest journals. We use the Bonner judgment and decision‐making framework, coupled with the four primary data analytic tools, to organize and evaluate the literature. This study examines descriptive and diagnostic analytics; more complex techniques, such as predictive and prescriptive, are not as prevalent. Further, existing research insufficiently addresses how data analytic tools impact auditor judgment and decision‐making, providing multiple future inquiry lines.
Syndicated green lending and lead bank performance
Authors: Del Gaudio Belinda L. , Previtali Daniele , Sampagnaro Gabriele , Verdoliva Vincenzo , Vigne Samuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of the green lending propensity of banks on profitability and risk. Using a sample of 217 green facilities financing syndication worldwide, we create a variable of green lending approach measuring the weight of green loans on total credit exposure of the lead bank and investigate the effect of the green propensity so as the structure of syndication on bank accounting performance. We find two relevant findings. First, a higher propensity to green lending is associated with lower profitability, more moderate default risk, and lower credit risk than banks with a less green investment approach. Second, more collateralization and duration of green lending increase bank performance, while the larger syndicate size reduces profitability and risk. Overall, our study suggests that banks are prone to invest in green projects, but the risks may offset profitability requiring public support to empower the role of the banking sector in boosting ecological transition.
Environmental violations, refinancing risk, and the corporate bond cost in China
Authors: Ma Rufei , Ji Qiang , Zhai Pengxiang , Yang Ruibo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between environmental violations and the cost of corporate bonds, and further analyzes whether refinancing constraints, the lending restrictions on penalized firms, are an important channel through which environmental violations affect the cost of corporate debt financing in China. Using the manually collected environmental violation events from 2008 to 2020, we find that the bond cost of firms violating environmental regulations increases significantly after being penalized. The finding is robust to potential sample selection bias and endogeneity problems. Furthermore, we find that the effect of environmental violations on the cost of corporate bonds is more profound in short‐term debt‐dependent firms and can be alleviated by the internal financing dependence. These results confirm that the refinancing risk arising from China's green loan policy on pollution‐intensive firms plays a key role in the relation between environmental violations and the cost of capital in the firms. In the context of the growing concerns of global society about climate change, our findings have great implications for pollution‐intensive firms, bond investors, and regulatory authorities in emerging economies to manage the increasing environmental risk.
Sovereign green bond and country value and risk: Evidence from European Union countries
Authors: Dell'Atti Stefano , Di Tommaso Caterina , Pacelli Vincenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sovereign green bond market has been growing rapidly worldwide since its debut in 2016. The study investigates the empirical response of the stock and credit default swap (CDS) market to green bond issuance by 10 EU countries during the period 2016–2021. We document that the issuance of a green bond is regarded by the investors as reflecting as value‐enhancing and risk‐reducing behavior by EU countries. The issuance of sovereign green bond provides a strong signal of the country's involvement to a low‐carbon economy by increasing the social and reputational benefits. This effect is even more evident during the pandemic crisis. The reaction of stock and CDS market is driven by several factors such as bond and country characteristics. Overall, our findings suggest that the sovereign issuance of green bonds acts as mitigation mechanism for country risk.
Predicting miscarriage using systemic immune‐inflammation index
Authors: Turgut Ezgi , Yildirim Muradiye , Sakcak Bedri , Ayhan Sule G. , Tekin Ozlem M. , Sahin Dilek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical significance of the systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) for patients who had miscarriages.MaterialsThe retrospective study included 709 pregnant women who had a miscarriage (nonviable intrauterine pregnancy up to 20 weeks of gestation) and 676 women who carried a viable intrauterine pregnancy up to 20 weeks of gestation—serving as the control group. The study and the control group were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, laboratory test results, and SII values. Furthermore, laboratory test results and SII values were compared between patients in the study group and the control group with a history of genital bleeding (threatened abortion).ResultsThe mean gestational week of pregnancy was 9.5 ± 3 for the control group and 8.3 ± 2.5 for the study group (p = 0.150). The SII values were higher in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.030). In all participants with a clinical history of genital bleeding, the leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and SII values were higher in the miscarriage group than the group with viable fetus (p = 0.031, p = 0.003, p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the SII cutoff value for miscarriage was 883.95 (109/L) (62.6% sensitivity, 62% specificity) in patients with a clinical history of threatened abortion.ConclusionHigh SII values in early pregnancy may be used as an additional marker for the prediction of miscarriage, in pregnant women with threatened abortion. Further prediction models including maternal risk factors and multiple markers may be more valuable for clinical practice.
The influence of the blood–brain barrier in the treatment of brain tumours
Authors: Rathi Sneha , Griffith Jessica I. , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhang Wenqiu , Oh Ju‐Hee , Talele Surabhi , Sarkaria Jann N. , Elmquist William F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBrain tumours have a poor prognosis and lack effective treatments. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a major hurdle to drug delivery to brain tumours. In some locations in the tumour, the BBB may be disrupted to form the blood–brain tumour barrier (BBTB). This leaky BBTB enables diagnosis of brain tumours by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; however, this disruption is heterogeneous throughout the tumour. Thus, relying on the disrupted BBTB for achieving effective drug concentrations in brain tumours has met with little clinical success. Because of this, it would be beneficial to design drugs and drug delivery strategies to overcome the ‘normal’ BBB to effectively treat the brain tumours. In this review, we discuss the role of BBB/BBTB in brain tumour diagnosis and treatment highlighting the heterogeneity of the BBTB. We also discuss various strategies to improve drug delivery across the BBB/BBTB to treat both primary and metastatic brain tumours. Recognizing that the BBB represents a critical determinant of drug efficacy in central nervous system tumours will allow a more rapid translation from basic science to clinical application. A more complete understanding of the factors, such as BBB–limited drug delivery, that have hindered progress in treating both primary and metastatic brain tumours, is necessary to develop more effective therapies.