bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Root Weevils on Hops with Foliar Sprays, 1985 and 1986
Authors: Baird Craig R. , Nyberg Carolyn J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in a commercial hop yard near Greenleaf Idaho. Each plot consisted of 18 hills. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied 17 Jun 1985 and 13 Jun 1986 with C02 backpack sprayer calibrated at 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to lower 3 ft of the plant and around the base of th&lt; plant. Evaluations were made on 25 Jun 1985 (8 days post-treatment), and 20 Jun 1986 (7 days post-treatment), by screening the soil around the base of tht hop plants and counting adult weevils.
Control of Corn Earworms and Fall Armyworms on Peanuts in Alabama, 1986
Authors: Weeks James R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on the Kirkland Farm near Dothan, Alabama. Eleven treatments and an untreated control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of four 36 inch rows of peanuts 34 ft long. Treatments were applied on 25 Aug with a 4 row boom sprayer mounted on an ATV that was calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre with a 3-TX6/row nozzle arrangement. Leafspot fungicide (Bravo 500) was added to each insecticide treatment at the rate of 1.5 pt/acre. Insect populations were sampled in the middle 2 rows of each plot by beating foliage of both rows and counting the dislodged larvae on the ground. Two samples from 3 linear ft of row each were taken in each plot on 28 Aug (3-day post).
Insecticide Control of Sorghum Head Worms in Georgia, 1986
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Chamberlin J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two sorghum tests were planted, one on 23 Jun and one 10 Jul, at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co., in Appling coarse sandy loam soil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 2 row plots × 20 ft long × 38 inch row width × 3 ft alleys with 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 25 gal/acre directed on the heads when 15% of die panicles were in bloom and again 5 days later. Ten consecutive heads (1st test) or 8 heads (2nd test) in a row were shaken vigorously into a plastic bucket 10 days after the last spraying and the contents were placed in a labeled plastic bag. The bags were returned to the laboratory, frozen, and the contents were examined for the presence of corn earworm larvae, fall armyworm larvae, and sorghum webworm larvae.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Sorghum in North Florida, 1985
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Sprenkel R. K. , Gilreath M. E. , Gorbet D. W. , Herzog D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates, located in Jackson Co. at a site that had been planted in wheat the previous season. The field was planted 24-25 Jul, at a seeding rate of ca. 7 lb/acre. Plot size was 4 rows by 200 ft with 36 inch row spacing. Treatments made at planting were applied with a tractor mounted applicator equipped with an electronic metering device which delivered insecticides immediately in front of the press wheel. Spray treatments were applied in 25 gal/acre of spray at the 4-5 leaf stage (13 Aug) with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 3 nozzles/row set at 36 psi. Efficacy data were taken 29 Aug, at the 8-10 leaf stage. Stand density was determined by counting the number of live plants in three 1-m by 1-row samples/plot. LCB damage and density were evaluated by uprooting and visually inspecting all plants in each 1-m sample for larvae or characteristic injury. Yield data could not be taken because of severe hurricane damage.
Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge on Grain Sorghum, 1986
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
2.2 acres of grain sorghum were planted 15 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. Twelve rows of mixed hybrid sorghums of varying maturity ranges were planted prior and adjacent to the test plot site to increase midge populations. Nine insecticide treatments and an untreated check were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Experimental plots were 8 rows wide and 45 ft long, but only the middle 4 rows were sprayed. Applications were made with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer using TX-3 hollow cone nozzles and calibrated to deliver 5.9 GPA at 42 psi and 3 mph. Insecticide applications began when 30-40% of the panicles were flowering and when average adult midge density was 2.5 midges/panicle. Treatments were applied 11, 15 and 19 Jul. The first application was made under slightly adverse wind conditions (10-15 mph gusts). Adult midge density was determined 1 day prior to application of insecticide treatments. Sampling consisted of securing and collecting individual sorghum panicles in plastic bags. Samples were examined in the laboratory and midges were counted. Prior to the first insecticide application, midge density was determined from sampling 25 randomly selected panicles per replication. On the 2 subsequent sampling days, 5 panicles were sampled from each treatment plot. Visual estimates of percent midge damaged spikelets were made by 6 independent observers, with each observer rating 10 randomly selected panicles/plot. Panicles were hand harvested from one 20-ft section of treated row per plot. The harvested sorghum panicles were threshed and the grain was weighed. Data were analyzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures.
Soil-Applied Insecticide Trial for Seedcorn Maggot Control on Soybean, 1986
Authors: Hammond Rondal B. , Ressler Elaine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty-two plots were established at Wooster, OH. Plots measured 15 m by 2 rows (76 cm centers) with 2 buffer rows between plots. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 4 replications with 8 treatments. The field had a rye cover crop that was disked into the soil in late Apr; this rye served as an attractant for female seedcorn maggots. Soybeans were planted on 5 May, with applications of soil insecticides at planting in 17 cm bands using Gandy applicators. Agrox seed treatments (ST) were mixed with the seed before planting. Two treatments of the Agrox ST were included, one with moistened seed and the other with dry seed. Soil type was a Wooster silt loam. Adult seedcorn maggot traps (1 m by 0.3 m) were placed over the rows (2 per plot) on 19 May. Sampling continued until adult emergence terminated. Plant stands and the number of snakehead plants (seedcorn maggot damaged plants) were recorded in late May. Insect data were transformed prior to analysis by Vx + 0.05; means presented are pretransformed data.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Green Cloverworm Larvae, 1986
Authors: Higgins R. A. , Gibb T. J. , Blodgett S. , Shufran K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested late bloom through early pod stage soybean plants were treated on 26 Aug. Nine insecticide-treated and 1 untreated control plot were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots consisted of 4 adjacent rows 7.5 m long with 76 cm inter-row spacings. Sprays were applied in water (20 gpa) with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer equipped with 80� hollow cone nozzles. On each evaluation date 20 pendulum sweeps per plot were collected. Different adjacent rows were sampled on each date.
Soybean Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Liu Bing , Beahm Mary M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling corn earworms, green cloverworms, and the predators, spiders, nabids, and big-eyed bugs in soybean. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 14 Aug ‘86 on ‘Bay’ soybeans planted on an 18-inch row spacing. Soybeans were no-till planted after wheat harvest on 3 Jul ‘86 on the Sabine Hall Farm in Richmond County, VA. Individual plots were 4 rows × 30 ft with 6-ft alleys between replicates. A complete randomized block experimental design was utilized with 3 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, with AL8002 nozzles, at 30 psi that delivered 28.7 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-days after application by comparing the number oi insect pests and predators per 15 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated checks. A 15-inch diam net was passed through the foliage of single row on each sampling date. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 10 row-ft of soybeans from one of the two center rows of each plot.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1986
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment for sugarbeet root maggot control was conducted in a sprinkler irrigated field near Paul, Idaho. The grower field was planted 7 Apr. Five treatments and an untreated check were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 6 rows (22 inch spacing) by 30 ft. After plant emergence, plants were hoed to make alleys between plots so that each plot was then 25 ft long. Planting applications of Temik consisted of a modified in furrow (MIF) technique where the material was applied to the soil surface in a one-inch band just ahead of the planter disc openers. The Temik was then incorporated back over the seed furrow with the planter press wheel. The second Temik planting application (P) was applied by hand in a five-inch band over the seedbed and incorporated lightly with a small garden rake. Lorsban, Counter, and Temik were applied postemergence (PE) on 3 Jun with Ro-Banders® in a five-inch band over the row and lightly incorporated with a drag chain. Root maggot damage (ten beet roots from each plot were rated for maggot feeding damage on 25 Jul) is reported in the table as the sum of the ratings for 10 beets per plot. The rating scale was: 0 = no scars; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinhead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars to 3 large scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = 25 to 75% root area blackened by scars; 5 = more than 75% of root area damaged. Yield data were taken 7 Oct by hand harvesting 50 ft of row selected from the middle four plot rows. Due to variable plant stands, yield data were only taken from 4 of the 6 replications. Sugarbeet yield weights in the table are untared.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control on Sunflower Moth, 1986
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in an irrigated field of sunflower located at the Southwest Kansas Branch Experiment Station near Garden City, KS. Seven insecticidal treatments and 1 untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (3 m) wide by 12 m in length with 1.52 m separating blocks. Plots were irrigated and cultivated as needed. Insecticides were broadcast over-the-row using a backpack CO2-activated sprayer equipped with hollow-cone sprayer nozzles (TX6), The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 165.5 liters of finished material per hectare at an operating pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2. All treatments were applied on 23 Jul at 30% bloom and again on 30 Jul at 100% bloom. Temperatures at application (early morning) were 18.9�C and 17.8�C on 23 Jul and 30 Jul, respectively. Larval densities were determined by dissecting and examining 6 heads randomly selected from the center 2 rows of each plot. Heads were sampled 2 weeks after the first insecticide application. Total rainfall from the time of first application to posttreatment evaluation was 1.50 cm. Plots were not harvested for seed yield determinations because bird depredation of the maturing seed prevented reliable yield comparisons.
Effects of Insecticides on Cutworms and on the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco, Ontario, Canada, 1985
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve insecticidal treatments, including foliar- and soil-applications, were evaluated to determine their effects on darksided cutworms and on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco at the Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Delhi, Ontario. Plots measured 76 × 14 ft and were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications in each treatment. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of tobacco with 38 plants in each row, the outside 2 rows in each plot being guard rows. Tobacco seedlings of the variety Candel were transplanted into a field of Fox loamy sand on 28 May. Furthermore, 2 subplots (12 × 12 inches each) were established in each plot. Test insects were 4th and 5th-instar larvae for rye treatment and 6th and 7th-instar larvae for soil and tobacco seedling treatments. The insecticides were broadcast evenly on the rye cover crop on 17 Apr, soil surface on 16 May, and on tobacco seedlings on 5 Jun, using a power sprayer equipped with 80-04 Tee Jet nozzles applying 25 gal of liquid per acre at 3.4 mph and 32 psi. Ten larvae were placed in each subplot 2 hours before treatment. The larvae were retained in the subplots by aluminum barrier strips 8 inches high with 3 inches embedded in the ground to prevent the larvae of the darksided cutworm from escaping. Mortality counts of the larvae in the subplots were made daily for 5 days. Abbott’s formula was used to correct for the mortality occurring in the untreated check. Cutworm damaged plants from the 2 central rows in each plot were counted on 12 and 20 Jun. The number of damaged plants recorded in the last count was expressed as a percentage of the total number of original plants within the 2 center rows of each plot. The harvest and curing of each plot were carried out in the conventional manner. Cured tobacco leaves were analyzed for reducing sugars and total alkaloids as measures of the quality of the tobacco. Agronomic parameters measured were yield (lb/acre) and grade index (0/lb). The percentages of cutworm mortality in the subplots and plants damaged per plot were transformed to angular units before analysis of variance. Means were converted to original units for tabulation.
Control of Tobacco Budworms with Various Formulations of Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki and Ace-Phate, 1986
Authors: Lampert E. P. , Stephenson A. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco ‘var. K-373’ was transplanted at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, N.C., on 2 May in a Norfolk loamy sand. Plots in Test I consisted of 4 rows (45 inches on center) 70 ft in length. Plots in Test II consisted of 2 rows (45 inches on center) 40 ft in length. Plots were arranged in a randomized-complete block design having 9 (Test I) and 10 (Test II) treatments and 4 blocks. On 16 (Test I) and 18 (Test II) Jun, 15 uniformly sized and undamaged plants in the left-most rows (2 rows in Test I, 1 row in Test II) of the plots were tagged and infested with a single 2-day-old laboratory-reared tobacco budworm larva. The right-most row(s) acted as untreated buffers. Spray treatments were applied on 17 (Test I) and 19 (Test II) Jun using a COa powered sprayer fitted with a single D2-33 full cone nozzle per row delivering 25 gpa at 60 psi and 1.4 mph. Granular materials were applied in a 6 inch band over the row using a Noble granular applicator. The 1% cornmeal baits (by weight) were applied directly into the bud by hand using a measuring spoon. At 3 and 10 or 4 and 11 days post-treatment (Test I and Test II, respectively), the number of budworm larvae on the tagged plants was counted. Damage ratings (0 = no damage to 4 = topped plant) were made on the same plants after 15 and 14 days (Test I and Test II, respectively). After all evaluations were made, all plants in the untreated buffer rows were cut off at 3- to 4-leaf nodes above the soil, and debris hauled from the field. Suckers grew from the axils of the remaining leaves, and on 24 (Test I) and 30 (Test II) Jul, all but one undamaged sucker per plant were removed. Due to the presence of a natural population to tobacco budworms, the second season applications were made against naturally occurring budworms. On 8 (Test I) and 13 (Test II) Aug, a variable number of tobacco plants containing a single early instar budworm was selected and tagged. The following day the treatments were applied as described previously. Four and 11 days post-treatment, surviving budworms were counted. Damage ratings were made after 14 days. Count data were transformed to Vcount + 0.5 prior to ANOVA. In the second season tests, the counts were used to calculate the proportion surviving, which was transformed to arcsin Vprop prior to ANOVA.
Apple, Second Generation White Apple Leafhopper Control Test, 1986
Authors: Beers E. H. , Eisner E. A. , Baird R. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 4-year-old orchard with over-tree irrigation. A randomized complete block design with 4 single-tree replicates per treatment was used. Materials were applied as dilute sprays to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operating at 400-500 psi. Per acre rates were based on 400 gal/acre. Treatments were applied after the majority of second generation WALH eggs had hatched, but most nymphs were still in the first three instars (9 Aug). WALH populations were sampled by counting nymphs and cast skins on 20 randomly selected leafhopper-injured leaves from terminal growth on each tree (80 leaves per treatment). Mite populations were assessed by collecting 20 randomly selected leaves from each tree (100 leaves per treatment), brushing them in a mite brushing machine, and counting the mites of each species recovered.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Insecticides Applied to the Soil and In the Transplant Water, 1986
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil near Blackstone, VA, on 6 May. Experimental plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were 40 ft (24 plants) × 2 rows on 4 ft centers. Transplant water treatments were applied in 200 gal of water/acre (116 ml/plant) using a hand operated transplanter. Temik 15G was applied in a 12-inch band using a Gandy granular applicator mounted or a push-cart. The band application of Standak was made with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using a single 8004E tip to deliver the Standak in 10 gal finished spray/acre at 30 psi. The band treatments were applied and incorporated with a rotary tiller and by bedding on 30 Apr. Wind speed was 5-10 mpr and temperature was 85-90 degrees F at time of application. Insect counts were made once every 1-2 weeks from mid-May through Aug. On the first 2 dates flea beetle feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf of 10 plants/plot. Green peach aphids were counted on the 4 upper leaves of 10 leaves/plot. Counts of hornworms and the number of leaves destroyed by hornworms were made for 24 plants/plot on 13 and 24 Jun, respectively. Tobacco in 1 row of each plot was harvested and cured for yield determination. Aphid counts were transformed to Log10(counts + 1). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT. Actual means are presented in the tables.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted on 15 May in plots, 8 × 40 ft (2 rows × 24 plants) arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Adjacent plots were separated by untreated bordei rows and blocks were separated by vacant 5 ft alleyways. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1 all plants in the 1st row of each plot were artificially infested with one 2nd-instar tobacco hornworm larva before treatments were applied, while each plant in the 2nd row of each plot was artificial!} infested with one 2nd-instar tobacco budworm larva. Foliar treatments were applied on 9 Jul using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer that delivered 32 gal acre through 2 TX-18 spray tips/row at 60 psi. Hornworm and budworms were counted on the 1st and 2nd rows of each plot, respectively, at 2, 7 and 14 days after application. In Experiment 2 the plants used in Experiment 1 were cut offca. 6 inches above the soil surface on 24 Jul and suckers were allowed to grow. On 3 Aug, 100 lb of nitrate of soda (16-0-0) was applied to enhance tobacco growth. On 7 Aug, all but 1 sucker was removed from each plant and the remaining sucker was allowed to grow. The 2nd row of each plot was infested with 1 2nd-instar budworm/plant on 20 Aug. In the first row of each plot. hornworms were counted on each plant, tobacco flea beetles were counted on 5 plants and green peach aphid populations were estimated for the upper 4 leaves of 5 plants. On 22 Aug insecticide treatments were applied as in Experiment 1, except that 1 TX-18 tip was used on each row instead of 2 and finished spray was applied at 16 gal/acre. Insect counts were made 2 days pretreatment and 2, 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Tobacco in Experiment 1 received 3 inches of precipitation on 11 Jul, 0.6 inches on 18 Jul and 0.5 inches on 22 Jul. No significant rainfall fell during Experiment 2.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil near Blackstone, VA on 2 May. Experimental plots, 8 × 40 ft (2 rows × 24 plants), were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment I was initated on 3 Jul and completed on 17 Jul. Immediately after Experiment I was completed, the tobacco stalks were cut off at ca. 6 inches above the ground and single suckers were encouraged to develop on each stub for use in Experiment II. Insecticide treatments were applied to Experiment I on 3 Jul and to Experiment 2 on 14 Aug. Aphids, flea beetles, hornworms and budworms were counted 1 day before application in each test and at 2, 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Aphid populations were estimated for 4 upper leaves on 5 plants/plot in both tests. Flea beetles were counted on 5 plants/plot in Experiment II. Budworms and hornworms were counted on 24 plants in the first and second rows of each plot, respectively in Experiment I. In Experiment II homworm and budworm counts were made on 10 and 48 plants, respectively. The numbers of leaves consumed by hornworms and budworms were counted at 14 days after treatment in both tests. Since budworm and homworm populations were low in Experiment I, the first row of each plot was artificially infested with 2 budworms/plant, while the second row was infested with 1 homworm/plant. No artificial infestations were needed in Experiment II. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered back pack sprayer with 3 TX-18 tips delivering the spray at 40 gal/acre at 60 psi over the row. In Test II one TX-18 tip delivering 14 gal/acre at 60 psi was directed over each row. Weather conditions were sunny on both application dates. The wind speed ranged from 5 to 12 mph each day and the ambient temperatures were 78 to 84 F and 85 to 92 F on 3 Jul and 14 Aug, respectively.
Insect Control on Burley Tobacco with Soil Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight soil-applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Granular and liquid formulations werre applied and incorporated prior to transplanting on 6 Jun. ‘TN 86’ burley tobacco was transplanted on Huntington soil with 2-5% slope of pH 6.6. Plots were 30 ft × 3 rows with 42 inch spacing between rows; plants were spaced 20 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Flea beetle damage was reported as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from the top of the plant. Aphid rating ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Hornworm counts were the number of hornworms/50 plants.