bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the ground up: understanding the developing infrastructure and resources of 3D printing facilities in hospital-based settings
Authors: Shine Kristy M. , Schlegel Lauren , Ho Michelle , Boyd Kaitlyn , Pugliese Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
3D printing is a popular technology in many industries secondary to its ability to rapidly produce inexpensive, high fidelity models/products, mainly through layer-by-layer fusion of various substrate materials. In healthcare, 3D printing has garnered interest for its applications in surgery, simulation, education, and medical device development, and 3D printing facilities are now being integrated into hospital-based settings. Yet, little is known regarding the leadership, resources, outputs, and role of these new onsite entities.

Methods
The purpose of this research was to survey features of North American hospital-based 3D printing facilities to understand their design and utility in anticipation of future expansion. Hospital-based 3D printing labs were recruited through online special interest groups to participate via survey response. Anonymous, voluntary data were collected from 21 facilities over 9 weeks and reported/analyzed in aggregate.

Results
Of the respondents, > 50% were founded in the past 5 years and 80% in the past decade, indicating recent and rapid growth of such facilities. Labs were most commonly found within large, university-affiliated hospitals/health systems with administration frequently, but not exclusively, through radiology departments, which was shown to enhance collaboration. All groups reported collaborating with other medical specialties/departments and image segmentation as part of the workflow, showing widespread interest in high fidelity, personalized medicine applications. Lab leadership was most often multidisciplinary, with physicians present on nearly all leadership teams. Budgets, personnel, and outputs varied among groups, however, all groups reported engagement in multiple 3D printing applications.

Conclusion
This preliminary study provides a foundation for understanding the unique nature of hospital-based 3D printing labs. While there is much to learn about such in-house facilities, the data obtained reveal important baseline characteristics. Further research is indicated to validate these early findings and create a detailed picture of the developing infrastructure of 3D printing in healthcare settings.
Chronicle updates in cyclodextrin-based carriers for drug delivery
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Dhamija Isha , Meehenian Harmanpreet , Kumar Neeraj , Simran Simran , Muskan Muskan , Verma Madan L. , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cyclodextrins offer a range of biomedical applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are oligosaccharides composed of glucose as repeating units (6–9 repeating units given terms α, β, γ and δ, respectively). Its inner core size varies with the type of CD, and this variation finds its fitness with small- to larger-sized organic drug molecules to resolve its delivery problems. Employment of CDs in drug delivery was conceptualized since its initial development (Year 1891). However, the very first pharmaceutical product was in the market in 1976. CDs not only act as carrier or as self-assembly hydrogel or hybrid gels for delivery of hydrophobic drugs but also reported as a modifier of the gelling temperature of agarose and make it suitable for drug delivery.

Main body
This review represents the trend of research on CDs with reference to drug delivery. Phase I (1975–1980) CD research trend shows inclination towards β-CD molecules for inclusion complex with a wide range of drugs. Decade of phase II (1981–1990) worked majorly on other natural CDs with a glimpse of its derivative for drug delivery system. Critical literature surveys from the years 1991–2000 (phase III) provide research visualization of CD derivatives supported with animal studies. Phase IV (2001–2010) can be attributed as the golden period of CDs with its extreme exploitation in many novel drug delivery systems (aerosols, microemulsion, polymeric nanoparticles, osmotic pumps, and sustain release), while in most last decade CDs were observed in association with nanoscale systems.

Conclusions
In the view of its incessant utilization in wider applications including drug carrier, gel, gel modifier and nano-composite modifier properties, its chronicle update in the drug delivery knowledge database would inspire the researchers for multidisciplinary research. To sum up, almost every emerging novel drug delivery system in the near future will make the earnest effort to take advantage of the properties of CDs for their better efficacy, stability, prevention of toxicity and patient acceptability.
Heart recovery and reverse remodeling following lung transplant in pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Alshimali Hussain , Coppolino Antonio , Keshk Mohamed A. , Young John S. , Itoh Akinobu , Goldberg Hilary J. , Sharma Nirmal S. , Mallidi Hari R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that result in right heart dysfunction. Lung transplantation (LTx) improve survival in end-stage disease. The aim of this study is to assess heart recovery after LTx for patients with primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension.

Methods
We conducted a single center retrospective review for patients with primary and secondary PAH underwent LTx between the period of January 2015 and December 2020. Baseline characteristics and echocardiographic measures were assessed pre-operative and after 1 year follow-up. Survival comparison between primary and secondary PAH was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
We identified 43 participants for the study. Among the participants, 11 case had primary PAH. Median age during transplant was 60 years (45.5, 65.5). Left atrium anterio-posterior dimensions, systolic right ventricle pressure tricuspid peal regurgitant velocity and severity of tricuspid regurgitation were found to be significantly improved post-operatively compared to pre-operative echocardiography (p value < 0.05). Overall mortality was not significant between primary and secondary PAH (p value = 0.66).

Conclusions
LTx can reverse heart remodeling and facilitate recovery in primary and secondary PAH. Our data confirm the importance of LTx as a viable option in PAH failing medical treatment.
Clinical indications and triaging for adult transthoracic echocardiography: a consensus statement by the British Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with British Heart Valve Society
Authors: Bennett Sadie , Stout Martin , Ingram Thomas E. , Pearce Keith , Griffiths Timothy , Duckett Simon , Heatlie Grant , Thompson Patrick , Tweedie Judith , Sopala Jo , Ritzmann Sarah , Victor Kelly , Skipper Judith , Shah Benoy N. , Robinson Shaun , Potter Andrew , Augustine Daniel X. , Colebourn Claire L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely utilised within many aspects of clinical practice, as such the demand placed on echocardiography services is ever increasing. In an attempt to provide incremental value for patients and standardise patient care, the British Society of Echocardiography in collaboration with the British Heart Valve Society have devised updated guidance for the indications and triaging of adult TTE requests for TTE services to implement into clinical practice.
From Ramos to Rameau
Authors: Cohen David E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article explores the advent of two foundational characteristics of the modern concept of harmony inaugurated by Rameau's Traité de l'harmonie (1722): first, that its principal objects are sonorities of three or more distinct pitch classes, that is, consonant and dissonant chords; and second, that these chords “move” from one to the next in ways determined by certain inherent relations among them, in a process in which dissonances, as well as consonances, play a significant if not crucial role. This article shows that the ancestors of these two fundamental properties of harmony, newly understood as a specifically polyphonic phenomenon, first emerged into theoretical discourse in polemical writings of the Northern Italian theorists Nicolò Burzio (1487), Giovanni Spataro (1491), and Franchino Gaffurio (1496, 1518), sparked by the inflammatory views of Bartolomeo Ramos de Pareia (1482). Moreover, while these ideas about harmony come to cohabit in Gioseffo Zarlino's Istitutioni harmoniche (1558), they were initially proposed not as complementary but as explicitly competing new conceptions of the nature of harmony, advanced to support their authors' polemical positions and attacks on each other.
How the Triad Took (a) Root
Authors: Mutch Caleb 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article illuminates the modern concept of the triadic root by analyzing that concept and explaining how the English-speaking world came to refer to it with the term root. To do so, it begins by identifying five subconcepts on which theorists have drawn when explaining and applying the root concept in their treatises. The article then addresses the origin of the term root in English-language theory, noting that the term first emerged only in 1806, far later than its modern-day ubiquity would suggest. This late emergence is explained as a side effect of the idiosyncratic state of triadic theorizing in eighteenth-century Britain. The author advances a new interpretation that, as a result of the overtone-based preoccupations of erudite authors and the particular emphases of thoroughbass teachers, British theorists did not use a fully realized triadic theory until much later than has been supposed. The conclusion of the article traces the process by which the term root gained ascendancy in English texts and considers how this history fits into larger trends of thoroughbass and harmony instruction.
Fuzzy Family Ties
Authors: Wallentinsen Kristen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Melodic contour is one of a melody's defining characteristics. Music theorists such as Michael Friedmann, Robert Morris, Elizabeth West Marvin and Paul Laprade, and Ian Quinn have developed models for evaluating similarities between contours, but only a few compare similarities between pairs of contours with different lengths, and fewer still can measure shared characteristics among an entire family of contours. This article introduces a new method for evaluating familial similarities between related contours, even if the contours have different cardinalities. The model extends theories of contour transformation by using fuzzy set theory and probability, measuring a contour's degree of familial membership by examining the contour's transformational pathway and calculating the probability that each move in the pathway is shared by other family members. Through the potential of differing alignments along these pathways, the model allows for the possibility that pathways may be omitted or inserted within a contour that exhibits familial resemblance, despite its different cardinality. The analytical utility of the model is then demonstrated through an analysis of melodic possibility in phased portions of Steve Reich's The Desert Music. Integrating variable cardinality into contour similarity relations in this way more adequately accounts for familial relationships between contours and can provide new and valuable insights into one of music's most fundamental elements.
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Extension of the Recommendations and the Effect on Outcome by Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Castaño-Leon Ana M. , Gomez Pedro A. , Jimenez-Roldan Luís , Paredes Igor , Munarriz Pablo M. , Perez Irene Panero , Eiriz Fernandez Carla , García-Pérez Daniel , Moreno Gomez Luis Miguel , Sinovas Olga Esteban , Posadas Guillermo Garcia , Lagares Alfonso 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is recommended for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <9 on admission and revealing space-occupying lesions or swelling on computed tomography. However, previous studies that have evaluated its effect on outcome have shown conflicting results.

OBJECTIVE:
To study the effect of ICP monitoring on outcome after adjustment of patient's characteristics imbalance and determine the potential benefit on patients with higher GCS that deteriorates early or in the absence of computed tomography results suggesting high ICP.

METHODS:
We searched for adult patients with TBI admitted between 1996 and 2020 with a GCS <9 on admission or deterioration from higher scores within 24 hours after TBI. Patients were divided into groups if they fulfilled strict (Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines) or extended criteria (patients who worsened after admission or without space-occupying lesions) for ICP monitoring. Propensity score analyses based on nearest neighbor matching was performed.

RESULTS:
After matching, we analyzed data from 454 patients and 184 patients who fulfilled strict criteria or extended criteria for ICP monitoring, respectively. A decreased on in-hospital mortality was detected in monitored patients following strict and extended criteria. Those patients with a higher baseline risk of poor outcome showed higher odds of favorable outcome if they were monitored.

CONCLUSION:
ICP monitoring in patients with severe TBI within 24 hours after injury following strict and extended criteria was associated with a decreased in-hospital mortality. The identification of patients with a higher risk of an unfavorable outcome might be useful to better select cases that would benefit more from ICP monitoring.
Predictors and Impact of Postoperative 30-Day Readmission in Glioblastoma
Authors: Botros David , Khalafallah Adham M. , Huq Sakibul , Dux Hayden , Oliveira Leonardo A. P. , Pellegrino Richard , Jackson Christopher , Gallia Gary L. , Bettegowda Chetan , Lim Michael , Weingart Jon , Brem Henry , Mukherjee Debraj 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative 30-day readmissions have been shown to negatively affect survival and other important outcomes in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

OBJECTIVE:
To further investigate patient readmission risk factors of primary and recurrent patients with GBM.

METHODS:
The authors retrospectively reviewed records of 418 adult patients undergoing 575 craniotomies for histologically confirmed GBM at an academic medical center. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and clinical characteristics were collected and compared by patient readmission status using chi-square and Mann–Whitney U testing. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors that predicted 30-day readmissions.

RESULTS:
The cohort included 69 (12%) 30-day readmissions after 575 operations. Readmitted patients experienced significantly lower median overall survival (11.3 vs 16.4 months, P = .014), had a lower mean Karnofsky Performance Scale score (66.9 vs 74.2, P = .005), and had a longer initial length of stay (6.1 vs 5.3 days, P = .007) relative to their nonreadmitted counterparts. Readmitted patients experienced more postoperative deep vein thromboses or pulmonary embolisms (12% vs 4%, P = .006), new motor deficits (29% vs 14%, P = .002), and nonhome discharges (39% vs 22%, P = .005) relative to their nonreadmitted counterparts. Multivariable analysis demonstrated increased odds of 30-day readmission with each 10-point decrease in Karnofsky Performance Scale score (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, P = .002), each single-point increase in 5-factor modified frailty index (OR 1.51, P = .016), and initial presentation with cognitive deficits (OR 2.11, P = .013).

CONCLUSION:
Preoperatively available clinical characteristics strongly predicted 30-day readmissions in patients undergoing surgery for GBM. Opportunities may exist to optimize preoperative and postoperative management of at-risk patients with GBM, with downstream improvements in clinical outcomes.
Mapping and Monitoring of the Corticospinal Tract by Direct Brainstem Stimulation
Authors: Yang Yang , Neidert Marian C. , Velz Julia , Kälin Vincens , Sarnthein Johannes , Regli Luca , Bozinov Oliver 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Direct stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging/tractography are established techniques that assist in complex surgery for lesions in the eloquent area of the central nervous system.

OBJECTIVE:
To continuously map the corticospinal tract (CST) by direct stimulation during brainstem surgery and to explore the association between direct brainstem stimulation and the shortest distance from the stimulation point to the CST (DS-to-T).

METHODS:
We prospectively enrolled 30 consecutive patients for microsurgical resection of lesions within or in proximity to the brainstem between January 2019 and August 2021. Direct stimulation with initially 2 mA was performed for mapping and monitoring the motor fiber tracts. To evaluate CST status and measure DS-to-T, postoperative diffusion tensor imaging/tractography was used. Preoperative and postoperative modified Ranking Scale and motor function were evaluated to assess the clinical outcome.

RESULTS:
Intraoperative direct brainstem stimulation was successfully performed in all patients with a total of 909 stimulation points. One patient experienced a temporary neurological deficit postoperatively. Mapping of the CST was achieved in 5 patients. DS-to-T was ≤4 mm when motor-evoked potential responses were positive under 2 mA stimulation and ≤2 mm under 1 mA. Overall sensitivity and specificity for this association were 84.7% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This study further supports the paradigm for continuous CST monitoring and mapping through direct brainstem stimulation. The relationship between stimulation intensity and DS-to-T in brainstem surgery could help surgeon's better estimate the safe edge intraoperatively.
Intracranial Aneurysms in Loeys–Dietz Syndrome: A Multicenter Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Perez-Vega Carlos , Domingo Ricardo A. , Tripathi Shashwat , Ramos-Fresnedo Andres , Martínez Santos Jaime L. , Rahme Rudy J. , Freeman William D. , Sandhu Sukhwinder S. , Miller David A. , Bendok Bernard R. , Brinjikji Waleed , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Meyer Fredric B. , Tawk Rabih G. , Fox W. Christopher 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder characterized by a classic triad of hypertelorism, bifid uvula and/or cleft palate, and generalized arterial tortuosity. There are limited data on the prevalence and rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in the setting of LDS, with no established guidelines.

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the prevalence and rupture risk of IA in LDS.

METHODS:
Electronic medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LDS and available cerebrovascular imaging were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of IA. Unmatched and propensity-matched analyses were used to identify potential risk factors for aneurysm formation.

RESULTS:
Records of 1111 patients were screened yielding a total of 60 patients with a diagnosis of LDS. Eighteen (30%) patients had IA, 4 (22.2%) of whom had multiple aneurysms for a total of 24 IAs. Twenty-three (95.8%) aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation; none of them were ruptured. On unmatched analysis, age (P = .015), smoking history (P = .034), hypertension (P = .035), and number of extracranial aneurysms (P < .001) were significantly higher in patients with IA. After matching for age, sex, race, stroke history, family history, and extracranial aneurysms, smoking history (P = .009) remained significant.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with LDS have an increased risk of IAs, especially with a history of smoking. The prevalence rate of IAs in our series was 30%. Screening imaging should be considered at diagnosis, and patients should be encouraged to abstain from smoking. Further studies are needed to elucidate the risk of IA rupture and treatment considerations in this unique population.
The Circlet Inequalities: A New, Circulant-Based, Facet-Defining Inequality for the TSP
Authors: Gutekunst Samuel C. , Williamson David P. 
Published: July 2022

Facet-defining inequalities of the symmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP) polytope play a prominent role in both polyhedral TSP research and state-of-the-art TSP solvers. In this paper, we introduce a new class of facet-defining inequalities, the circlet inequalities. These inequalities were first conjectured in Gutekunst and Williamson [Gutekunst SC, Williamson DP (2019) Characterizing the integrality gap of the subtour LP for the circulant traveling salesman problem. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 33(4):2452–2478] when studying the circulant TSP, and they provide a bridge between polyhedral TSP research and number-theoretic investigations of Hamiltonian cycles stemming from a conjecture from Marco Buratti in 2007. The circlet inequalities exhibit circulant symmetry by placing the same weight on all edges of a given length; our main proof exploits this symmetry to prove the validity of the circlet inequalities. We then show that the circlet inequalities are facet-defining and compute their strength following Goemans [Goemans MX (1995) Worst-case comparison of valid inequalities for the TSP. Math. Programming 69:335–349]; they achieve the same worst case strength as the similarly circulant crown inequalities of Naddef and Rinaldi [Naddef D, Rinaldi G (1992) The crown inequalities for the symmetric traveling salesman polytope. Math. Oper. Res. 17(2):308–326] but are generally stronger. Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [Grant DGE-1650441] and by the National Science Foundation Division of Computing and Communications Foundations [Grant CCF-1908517].
Parents' lived experience of health care for children with long-term conditions
Authors: Devoy Emily , Swann Jennifer , Thompson Joanne 
Published: July 2022

Background: Young people in the UK with a long-term condition experience a poorer quality of life than those in most comparable countries. Aims: To gain an understanding of parents' experiences of and contribution to health care for children with Long-term conditions. Methods: This qualitative study includes 15 semi-structured interviews with parents of children with Long-term conditions. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework analysis. Findings: The analysis generated a meta theme ‘complexity of experience’ and five key themes: Impact, Interactions, Experience of Care, Feelings, Feedback. Parents have a substantial role in coordinating and communicating between health-care teams. Consultations can be like an iceberg where attending the appointment is visible, but the constant and complex demands of the illness, the child, and the family remain hidden. Conclusions: Clinicians have a major role in signposting parents to different avenues of support. The impact of appointments on families can be reduced by increasing the use of virtual consultation.