bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of CircRNA1002 as a biomarker in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Ying , Li Ronghua , Cheng Da , Fu Xiaoyu , Fu Lei , Peng Shifang 
Published: June 2022

Background
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, there is a lack of effective diagnostic measures. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for monitoring the occurrence and development of HCC. However, a convenient and reliable serum circRNA biomarker is not currently available.

Materials & Methods
CircRNA expression profiles were explored using high-throughput sequencing technology, and targeted circRNAs and mRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The biological functions of circRNAs were investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Downstream miRNAs and mRNAs of dysregulated circRNAs were predicted using TargetScan, miRanda, and miRDB; then circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were constructed based on sequencing data and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results
A total of 50,327 circRNAs were identified, with 1,187 circRNAs significantly differentially expressed between hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and HBV asymptomatic carriers. Among these circRNAs, four (circRNA1002, circRNA7941, circRNA 39338, and circRNA44142) were validated by RT-qPCR as being statistically different either in HCC tissue or serum samples. circRNA1002 was significantly down-regulated in both HCC serum and tissue, indicating its reliability. Bioinformatics analysis showed that circRNA1002-associated genes were enriched in GO terms relating to hormone pathway and cell-cell interaction processes, which are involved in the progression of HCC.

Conclusion
Our circRNA analysis of HCC patients and HBV asymptomatic carriers showed that circRNA1002 may be a reliable serum biomarker for HCC. These results could provide an improved assay for the early detection of HCC.
Common Hand Conditions
Authors: Currie Kelly Bettina , Tadisina Kashyap Komarraju , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceCarpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and basilar (carpometacarpal) joint arthritis of the thumb can be associated with significant disability.ObservationsCarpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by numbness and tingling in the thumb and the index, middle, and radial ring fingers and by weakness of thumb opposition when severe. It is more common in women and people who are obese, have diabetes, and work in occupations involving use of keyboards, computer mouse, heavy machinery, or vibrating manual tools. The Durkan physical examination maneuver, consisting of firm digital pressure across the carpal tunnel to reproduce symptoms, is 64% sensitive and 83% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. People with suspected proximal compression or other compressive neuropathies should undergo electrodiagnostic testing, which is approximately more than 80% sensitive and 95% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. Splinting or steroid injection may temporarily relieve symptoms. Patients who do not respond to conservative therapies may undergo open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release for definitive treatment. Trigger finger, which involves abnormal resistance to smooth flexion and extension (“triggering”) of the affected finger, affects up to 20% of adults with diabetes and approximately 2% of the general population. Steroid injection is the first-line therapy but is less efficacious in people with insulin-dependent diabetes. People with diabetes and those with recurrent symptoms may benefit from early surgical release. de Quervain tenosynovitis, consisting of swelling of the extensor tendons at the wrist, is more common in women than in men. People with frequent mobile phone use are at increased risk. The median age of onset is 40 to 59 years. Steroid injections relieve symptoms in approximately 72% of patients, particularly when combined with immobilization. People with recurrent symptoms may be considered for surgical release of the first dorsal extensor compartment. Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis affects approximately 33% of postmenopausal women, according to radiographic evidence of carpometacarpal arthritis. Approximately 20% of patients require treatment for pain and disability. Nonsurgical interventions (immobilization, steroid injection, and pain medication) relieve pain but do not alter disease progression. Surgery may be appropriate for patients unresponsive to conservative treatments.Conclusions and RelevanceCarpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can be associated with significant disability. First-line treatment for each condition consists of steroid injection, immobilization, or both. For patients who do not respond to noninvasive therapy or for progressive disease despite conservative therapy, surgical treatment is safe and effective.
Genetic prediction of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Posavi Marijan , Fontanillas Pierre , Tropea Thomas F. , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Suh Eunran , Trojanowski John Q. , Cannon Paul , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. ,   23andMe Research Team, Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a clinico‐genetic predictor of impulse control disorder (ICD) risk in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsIn 5770 individuals from three PD cohorts (the 23andMe, Inc.; the University of Pennsylvania [UPenn]; and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative [PPMI]), we used a discovery‐replication strategy to develop a clinico‐genetic predictor for ICD risk. We first performed a Genomewide Association Study (GWAS) for ICDs anytime during PD in 5262 PD individuals from the 23andMe cohort. We then combined newly discovered ICD risk loci with 13 ICD risk loci previously reported in the literature to develop a model predicting ICD in a Training dataset (n = 339, from UPenn and PPMI cohorts). The model was tested in a non‐overlapping Test dataset (n = 169, from UPenn and PPMI cohorts) and used to derive a continuous measure, the ICD‐risk score (ICD‐RS), enriching for PD individuals with ICD (ICD+ PD).ResultsBy GWAS, we discovered four new loci associated with ICD at p‐values of 4.9e‐07 to 1.3e‐06. Our best logistic regression model included seven clinical and two genetic variables, achieving an area under the receiver operating curve for ICD prediction of 0.75 in the Training and 0.72 in the Test dataset. The ICD‐RS separated groups of PD individuals with ICD prevalence of nearly 40% (highest risk quartile) versus 7% (lowest risk quartile).InterpretationIn this multi‐cohort, international study, we developed an easily computed clinico‐genetic tool, the ICD‐RS, that substantially enriches for subgroups of PD at very high versus very low risk for ICD, enabling pharmacogenetic approaches to PD medication selection.
The stock market is rigged? Conspiracy beliefs and distrust predict lower stock market participation
Authors: Fiagbenu Michael Edem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConspiracy beliefs have negative effects on decision making in several life areas including health, ethical, political and environmental domains. But their influence on financial decisions is not known. The current study examines the mediational role of social trust in the relationship between non‐financial conspiracy beliefs and stock market participation. First, exploratory findings provide preliminary cross‐country evidence that conspiracy beliefs are associated with lower stock market participation. Next, three studies from close to 53,000 United States respondents show that conspiracy beliefs predict 8%–20% decrease in the odds of investing in stocks even after adjusting for several determinants of stock ownership including income, life satisfaction, cognitive ability and economic attitudes. Mediation analyses shows that conspiracy beliefs predict lower social trust, which in turn predicts lower stock ownership. Overall, the findings imply that endorsing misleading non‐financial beliefs about the causes of socio‐cultural events may potential impede financial decision making.
Multiple‐Resonance Extension and Spin‐Vibronic‐Coupling‐Based Narrowband Blue Organic Fluorescence Emitters with Over 30% Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Lee Ha Lim , Jeon Soon Ok , Kim Inkoo , Kim Seung Chan , Lim Junseop , Kim Joonghyuk , Park Sangho , Chwae Jun , Son Won‐Joon , Choi Hyeonho , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAchieving narrow‐bandwidth emission and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) simultaneously is a challenge for next‐generation blue‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, novel multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are developed by fusing an indolocarbazole unit with two carbazole skeletons using para‐oriented nitrogen atoms. The resulting rigid and planar π‐system without electron‐accepting atoms exhibits pure blue photoluminescence at 470 nm, reaching a 100% quantum yield with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 25 nm. Higher‐level quantum chemistry calculations confirm an MR effect within the extended π‐conjugation and an enhanced triplet‐to‐singlet crossover (104 s−1) through a reduced energy gap (ΔEST) coupled with large spin‐vibronic coupling mediated by low‐lying triplet excited states. An OLED fabricated using the MR‐TADF emitter with CIE color coordinates of (0.12, 0.16) exhibits a record high EQE of 30.9% and a small FWHM of 23 nm. With further optimization of the device structure, a high EQE of 33.8% is achieved without additional outcoupling enhancements owing to the near‐perfect horizontal alignment of the emitting dipoles.
Chemically Triggered Metamorphosis of Colloidal Bilayer Sheets into Nanomazes and Their Conversion into Silicon and Plasmonic Optical Nanomazes
Authors: Pyun Seung Beom , Song Ji Eun , Cho Eun Chul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of a convenient method for complex nanostructures on substrates is essential in fabricating economically viable functional nanosurfaces for electronics, bioengineering, optoelectronics, and energy systems. Colloids can be introduced to make complex patterns, but substrate modification/modulation, more than two types of colloids, and specially designed colloids are required. Herein, it is discovered that colloidal nanomazes are created from a metamorphosis of colloidal bilayer sheets when the sheets are immersed in a salt aqueous solution. Closely and regularly packed colloids in the bilayer spontaneously rearrange their arrays (separation, settling, and insertion) in the solution: This mechanism, suggested from the experimental results, enables the straightforward production of nanostructures without experiencing complex procedures. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the colloidal nanomazes are successfully transformed into functional inorganic nanomazes, Si and Au nanomazes. The anti‐reflective functions of colloidal and Si nanomazes lower the light reflectance or increase the light transmittance: The transmittance of a transparent substrate can be further increased by fabricating the colloidal nanomazes on its both sides. Au nanomazes can also lower the light reflectance, which are discussed with theoretical calculations. The calculation further suggests the Au nanomazes can extensively manipulate the visible–near infrared light, irrespective of polarization modes, from fine tuning the nanomaze geometries.
Exploring the Ligand Functionality, Electronic Band Gaps, and Switching Characteristics of Single Wells–Dawson‐Type Polyoxometalates on Gold
Authors: Glöß Maria , Pütt Ricarda , Moors Marco , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Karthäuser Silvia , Monakhov Kirill Yu. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe miniaturization, high performance, energy efficiency, and new added functionalities are the essential drivers of modern information data storage and processing technologies. Polyoxometalates (POMs) characterized by atomically well‐defined structures with discrete energy levels and the ability to undergo redox transformations are viewed as promising active components for the integration into the next‐generation (beyond‐CMOS) hybrid nanoelectronics. Herein, new fundamental insights into the application of organically augmented POMs on conducting surfaces are offered. Three key findings resulting from scanning probe investigations combined with integral spectroscopic methods used to explore tris(alkoxo)‐ligated, vanadium‐containing Wells‐Dawson‐type POM structures on Au(111) are reported on. First, it is shown how the (OCH2)3C–R ligands, depending on the structurally exposed R group (R = CH2SMe and NHCOC6H4SMe), influence the self‐assembly behavior of the synthesized POMs on gold. Second, the impact of the employed (OCH2)3C–R ligands and the determined assembly characteristics on the relative position of POM's electronic band structure against the Fermi level of the gold surface are explained. Third, the on‐surface conductance switching of single POM structures due to external electrical stimuli is demonstrated. The author's experimental efforts enable to discover highly sought‐after multi‐level resistive switching orchestrated by electrically accessible V(3d) states in the POM single‐molecules at room temperature in a narrow voltage range.
Effective Passivation of InGaAs Nanowires for Telecommunication Wavelength Optoelectronics
Authors: Azimi Zahra , Gopakumar Aswani , Li Li , Kremer Felipe , Lockrey Mark , Wibowo Ary Anggara , Nguyen Hieu T. , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Wong‐Leung Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCatalyst‐free InGaAs nanowires are promising building blocks for optoelectronic devices operating at telecommunication wavelengths. Despite progress, the applications of InGaAs nanowires remain limited due to their high density of surface states that degrade their optical properties. Here, InGaAs nanowires with superior optical properties are achieved by effectively suppressing their surface states with an InP passivation shell. Optimal InP shell growth conditions and thickness to maximize the minority carrier lifetime are identified. The photoluminescence intensity of these passivated InGaAs nanowires is up to three orders of magnitude higher than that of their bare counterparts. Moreover, a long minority carrier lifetime of up to ≈13 ns is measured with these passivated nanowires at room temperature. Optimal passivation of InGaAs nanowires with an emission wavelength of 1530 nm results in an ultra‐low surface recombination velocity of ≈280 cm s−1. In addition to the shell, the crystal structure of these nanowires plays an important role in the luminescence intensity. Combined cathodoluminescence mapping and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy along the nanowires reveal significantly lower emission intensities in wurtzite predominant sections of the nanowires than zinc blende predominant ones.These insights on the optimal passivation of InGaAs provide directions for engineering high‐performance nanoscale‐devices in the telecommunication wavelength.
Decarbonylative C3‐Alkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones with Aliphatic Aldehydes via Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Jie , Zhang Yicheng , Sun Peipei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA strategy to synthesize 3‐alkyl quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other alkyl N‐heteroarenes via a photocatalyzed decarbonylative alkylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and simple N‐heterocycles with commercially available aliphatic aldehyde under ambient conditions using phenanthrenequinone as a photocatalyst was developed. In this transformation, various 3‐alkyl quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other alkyl N‐heteroarenes were generated in 58–87% isolated yields with good functional‐group tolerance.magnified image
Specialty crops and the farm bill
Authors: Raszap Skorbiansky Sharon , Thornsbury Suzanne , Effland Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpecialty crops include a myriad of diverse commodities, markets, and supply chains. In contrast to major field crops, specialty crops have historically been covered by different Farm Bill provisions and other policies, in part due to their heterogeneity. As specialty crop production and markets evolve, the applicability and efficacy of alternative policy instruments change as well. We track how Farm Bill coverage of specialty crops adjusted throughout the years in broad types of policy approaches: commodity programs, trade, nutrition, research, risk mitigation, and conservation. Looking forward, we consider how specialty crops fit with current White House priorities of economy, equity, and climate as discussions begin on a new Farm Bill.
Establishing rhizoma peanut–bahiagrass mixtures
Authors: Shepard Erin M. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Kohmann Marta M. , da Silva Liliane Severino , Harling, John F. , Dubeux, Jose C. B. , Vendramini João M. B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRhizoma peanut (RP;Arachis glabrataBenth.) is a perennial legume with ability to persist and spread in mixtures with C4grasses. Most RP establishment studies focus on its use as a monoculture hay crop, and more information is needed on establishment strategies for RP–grass mixtures. The objectives of this study were to compare techniques for establishing RP–grass mixtures and quantify their effects on RP shoot emergence, frequency of occurrence (percentage of quadrats containing RP shoots), percentage ground cover, and RP shoot and root‐rhizome biomass. Treatments were (a) RP planted in monoculture (MRP; control), (b) RP planted simultaneously with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatumFlügge; RP‐BG), or (c) RP strip planted into existing bahiagrass pasture following removal of bahiagrass sod strips (Strip). There was no treatment or sampling date effect on RP shoot density (29.5 shoots m–2) during 10 wk after spring planting. By October, RP ground cover was greater for Strip (43%) than MRP (32%) and for MRP than RP‐BG (18%), and Strip and MRP had greater RP frequency than RP‐BG (82, 72, and 58%, respectively). Strip and MRP (1.39 and 1.10 Mg ha–1, respectively) had greater year‐of‐planting RP shoot mass than RP‐BG (0.52 Mg ha–1), but root‐rhizome biomass was not affected by treatment. Measures of establishment success for Strip generally were equal or superior to MRP, and Strip is a viable option for establishing RP–grass mixtures. Weed competition reduced RP establishment success in RP‐BG relative to the other treatments because herbicides tolerated by both bahiagrass seedlings and emerging RP shoots are unavailable.
Sense of community improves community participation in Chinese residential communities: The mediating role of sense of community responsibility and prosocial tendencies
Authors: Deng Xiangshu , Wei Zhenyu , Tu Chunfang , Yin Yujuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommunity participation is essential for community development and enhancing quality of life. Several studies have focused on the relationship between sense of community (SOC) and community participation in organizational settings. Guided by the community experiences framework, this study aims to examine how a SOC improves community participation in Chinese residential communities. Moreover, the study aims to assess the mediating role of SOC responsibility (SOC‐R) and prosocial tendencies in that relationship. A sample of 433 residents completed questionnaires regarding their SOC, sense of community responsibility, prosocial tendencies, and community participation. Using a linear regression model, we found that a SOC can positively predict the level of community participation. Mediation effect analysis revealed that a SOC‐R mediated the relationship between SOC and community participation. In addition, prosocial tendencies mediated the association between the SOC and community participation. Using multiple mediation analysis, we found that SOC‐R and prosocial tendencies mediated the link between a SOC and community participation in a sequential manner. The findings of this study complement existing research by uncovering the mechanism underlying the relationship between a SOC and community participation.
Intrinsic Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Activate the In Situ Synthesis of Trimethine Cyanines in Cancer Cells
Authors: Heng Hao , Song Gang , Cai Xuetong , Sun Jian , Du Ke , Zhang Xiaoran , Wang Xia , Feng Fude , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironment‐responsive in situ synthesis of molecular fluorescent dyes is challenging. Herein, we develop a photoextension strategy to make trimethine cyanines with decent conversion efficiency (up to 81 %) using 1‐butyl 2,3,3‐trimethyl 3H‐indole derivatives as the sole precursors, and demonstrate a free radical mechanism. In the inducer‐extension stage, free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were able to mediate similar reactions with no assistance of light. We explored a Mito‐extension strategy to in situ synthesize trimethine cyanines in the living cells. The cellular ROS‐dependence provided a foundation for preferential cyanine expression in cancer cells. Finally, we applied an iodized precursor as an intrinsic ROS‐activated theranostic agent that integrated mitochondria‐targeted cyanine synthesis, cell imaging and phototherapy.
Stereodivergent Construction of 1,4‐Nonadjacent Stereocenters via Hydroalkylation of Racemic Allylic Alcohols Enabled by Copper/Ruthenium Relay Catalysis
Authors: Chang Xin , Cheng Xiang , Liu Xue‐Tao , Fu Cong , Wang Wei‐Yi , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn unprecedented hydroalkylation of racemic allylic alcohols and racemic ketimine esters enabled by Cu/Ru relay catalysis has been developed via merging the ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric borrowing‐hydrogen reaction with a copper‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition in a one‐pot procedure. The current method enables the efficient preparation of highly functionalized δ‐hydroxyesters bearing 1,4‐nonadjacent stereocenters in good yields with high levels of diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The full complement of the four stereoisomers of hydroalkylation products could be readily accessed by orthogonal permutations of two chiral metal catalysts. The current work highlights the power of relay catalysis for the stereodivergent construction of 1,4‐nonadjacent stereocenters that were otherwise inaccessible.
Hydrogenation of vegetable oil using highly dispersed Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst: Effects of key operating parameters and deactivation study
Authors: Troncoso Franco David , Costilla Ignacio Oscar , Tonetto Gabriela Marta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the present work, Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts with high metal dispersion were prepared and characterized using chloroplatinic acid and platinum acetylacetonate as metal precursors. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts were evaluated in the hydrogenation of sunflower oil. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of key operational parameters on catalytic performance was carried out. The experimental variables were hydrogen pressure (275.8–551.6 kPa), temperature (160–200°C), and catalyst loading (0.005–0.015 kg Ptexp/m3oil). Platinum catalysts were active, with a double bond conversion of 28% at 2 h. The metal precursor affected catalyst selectivity. The catalyst prepared with chloroplatinic acid exhibited a lower formation of trans‐isomers compared with Pt acetylacetonate. The γ‐Al2O3 supported platinum catalyst with a metal loading of 0.51 wt.% and a metal dispersion of 98% maintained its initial catalyst activity and selectivity after 10 consecutive uses (1200 min accumulate operation time), without changes in its catalytic properties. The obtained results suggested that Pt catalysts are an attractive alternative to conventional nickel catalysts for the hydrogenation of vegetable oil.