bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Microplastics in Surface Waters and Sediments of the Vaal River, South Africa: Abundance, Composition, and Sources
Authors: Ramaremisa Gibbon , Ndlovu Michelle , Saad Dalia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We extracted microplastics from surface water and sediment samples from the Vaal River in Johannesburg, South Africa. Average abundances of 0.61 ± 0.57 particles/m3and 4.6 × 102 ± 2.8 × 102 particles/kg dry weight were recorded for water and sediment samples, respectively. In both sediment and water samples, more than 80% of microplastics were fragments and fibers of smaller than 2 mm. High-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene were the dominant polymers identified in both sample types. In addition, polyethylene co-vinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, and polyethylene/hexene-1-copolymer were also detected in sediment samples. Colored microplastics were the most commonly observed in both sample types; pigment yellow 83 was detected in surface water, and carbon black was detected in both sediment and water samples during Raman analysis. Taking into consideration the physical and chemical characteristics of the detected microplastics, their potential sources include inflow from tributaries, surface run-off from urban city centers, recreational activities, and wastewater effluent from industries and households. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3029–3040. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Adsorption and Removal Kinetics of 2,4-Dinitroanisole and Nitrotriazolone in Contrasting Freshwater Sediments: Batch Study
Authors: Ariyarathna Thivanka , Twarz Sydney , Tobias Craig 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Environmental release of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is of great concern due to high migration potential in the environment. In the present study we evaluated the adsorption and microbially-mediated removal kinetics of dissolved DNAN and NTO in contrasting freshwater sediments with different total organic carbon (TOC) content. River sand (low TOC), pond silt (high TOC), clay-rich lake sediment (low TOC), wetland silt (high TOC), carbonate sand (low TOC), and iron-rich clay (low TOC) were evaluated. Separate abiotic and biotic bench-top sediment slurry incubations were carried out at 23, 15, and 4 °C for DNAN and NTO. Experiments were conducted over 3 weeks. Time series aqueous samples and sediment samples collected at the end of the experiment were analyzed for DNAN and NTO concentrations. The DNAN compound equilibrated with sediment within the first 2 h after addition whereas NTO showed no adsorption. 2,4-Dinitroanisole adsorbed more onto fine-grained organic-rich sediments (Kd = 2–40 L kg−1 sed−1) than coarse-grained organic-poor sediments (Kd = 0.2–0.6 L kg−1 sed−1), and the TOC content and cation exchange capacity of sediment were reliable predictors for abiotic DNAN adsorption. Adsorption rate constants and equilibrium partitioning constants for DNAN were inversely proportional to temperature in all sediment types. The biotic removal half-life of DNAN was faster (t1/2 = 0.1–58 h) than that of NTO (t1/2 = 5–347 h) in all sediment slurries. Biotic removal rates (t1/2 = 0.1–58 h) were higher than abiotic rates (t1/2 = 0.3–107 h) for DNAN at 23 °C. Smaller grain size coupled with higher TOC content enhanced biotic NTO and DNAN removal in freshwater environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:46–59. © 2022 SETAC
Impact assessment of Striga resistant maize varieties and fertilizer use in Ghana: A panel analysis
Authors: Martey Edward , Etwire Prince M. , Wossen Tesfamicheal , Menkir Abebe , Abdoulaye Tahirou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the impact of a component of climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) technology—Striga‐resistant maize (SRM) varieties and mineral fertilizer—on maize yield and food security using two rounds of panel data in Ghana. The study employs a multinomial endogenous switching regression model and finds that joint adoption of SRM varieties and mineral fertilizer increased maize yield by 872 kg/ha, food consumption scores by 17, and consumption per adult equivalent unit by 38 kg/ha. The positive impact of maize yield is high among adopters of multiple CSA technologies. The result is robust to an alternative endogeneity‐correcting model and the implications of the findings are discussed.
Atmospheric removal of methane by enhancing the natural hydroxyl radical sink
Authors: Wang Yuyin , Ming Tingzhen , Li Wei , Yuan Qingchun , de Richter Renaud , Davies Philip , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccording to the latest report from the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), currently, global warming due to methane (CH4) alone is about 0.5°C while due to carbon dioxide (CO2) alone is about 0.75°C. As CH4 emissions will continue growing, in order to limit warming to 1.5˚C, some of the most effective strategies are rapidly reducing CH4 emissions and developing large scale CH4 removal methods. The aim of this review article is to summarise and propose possible methods for atmospheric CH4 removal, based on the hydroxyl radical (°OH), which is the principal natural sink of many gases in the atmosphere and on many water surfaces. Inspired by mechanisms of °OH generation in the atmosphere and observed or predicted enhancement of °OH by climate change and human activities, we proposed several methods to enhance the °OH sink by some physical means using water vapour and artificial UV radiation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trajectories of social support are associated with health outcomes and depressive symptoms among older Taiwanese adults with diabetes following hip‐fracture surgery
Authors: Tseng Ming‐Yueh , Liang Jersey , Yang Ching‐Tzu , Wang Jong‐Shyan , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Cheng Huey‐Shinn , Chen Ching‐Yen , Lin Yueh‐E. , Shyu Yea‐Ing L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined trajectories of social support and their relationships with health outcomes over 2 years post hip‐fracture surgery for older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data derived from a clinical trial, which included 158 hip fractured older adults with DM who had completed the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey at 1‐, 12‐, 18‐, and 24‐months following hospital discharge. Health outcomes for self‐care, physical and nutritional status, mental health, and depression were assessed at 3‐month intervals up to 24‐months after hospital discharge. Trajectories of social support were derived with latent class analysis while hierarchical linear models were employed to assess the associations of social‐support trajectory with health outcomes.ResultsFour social‐support trajectories were derived for persons with DM following hip‐fracture surgery: poor and declining (n = 18, 11.4%), moderate and stable (n = 29, 18.4%), high but declining (n = 34, 21.5%), and high and stable (n = 77, 48.7%). Relative to those in the poor and declining group, participants in the high and stable trajectory group performed better in Activities of Daily Living and quadriceps muscle power, had better mental Health‐Related Quality of Life and nutritional status, and had fewer depressive symptoms. These differences persisted over the 2 years following hospital discharge.ConclusionsThese results suggest social support for persons with DM should be continually assessed following hip‐fracture surgery.
Reclaimed water systems in office buildings: Perceptions of building facilities managers
Authors: Phiri Lucy , Etale Anita , Thatcher Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy the year 2050, 67% of the global population will be living in cities where water demand is projected to outstrip supply. This shortage calls for identifying ways through which urban residents and commercial interests can adapt to water stress. As commercial buildings contribute significantly to water consumption in cities, building facilities managers (BFMs) have a significant role in formulation and implementation of the adaptation approaches. Their perceptions of alternative water sources, including reclaimed water, are, therefore, important. In this study, the perceptions of 40 BFMs on reclaimed water use in buildings were analyzed using Q‐methodology. Analysis correlated the responses of different people, factoring out the groups of people who hold similar viewpoints. Results showed that participants could be categorized under four factors. Participants in Factor 1 perceived reclaimed water as being healthy and a worthy investment. Those in Factor 2, however, had negative perceptions and did not trust local governments to appropriately manage the treatment process, thus presenting health concerns. They also found reclaimed water repulsive. Participants in Factor 3 were also less willing to adopt reclaimed water, but felt that its use for non‐potable purposes would be acceptable. The final group, those in Factor 4 focused more on the cost efficiency and sustainability of reclaimed water, finding it acceptable on those grounds. However, they thought that decisions on its use should be the building owners' prerogative rather than the BFMs. The implications of these findings with respect to encouraging reclaimed water use in commercial office buildings are discussed.
Human papillomavirus infections in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in Peruvian pregnant woman: A cross‐sectional cytology‐based study
Authors: Moya‐Salazar Jeel , Rojas‐Zumaran Víctor , Bravo L. Omar , Moscoso Gonzalo , Contreras‐Pulache Hans 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsLow‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are important in pregnant women because they are risk factors for Condyloma acuminatum and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in the newborn. On the other hand, HPV may contribute to the development of preneoplastic lesions such as LSIL in pregnant women. We aimed to assess the frequency of HPV infections in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in Peruvian pregnant women.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in 84 primiparous‐ and multiparous pregnant women (mean age: 27 ± 6.3 years). Pregnant women of 18–45 years attending gynecology outpatient department were included for the study. LSIL and HPV (nuclear irregularities, koilocytosis, and cytopathic effect) cellular alterations were reported using the Bethesda System guidelines.ResultsSixty‐four percent had cytological HPV infection (koilocytes and/or pathognomonic signs of infection) and more than a half of pregnant women had a previous Pap test. LSIL was more frequent in multiparous (increased by 12%, p = 0.008), in the second and third trimester (60.7%, p = 0.002), and between the ages of 18 and 30 (42 cases (50%), p = 0.110). This proportion was significatively increased in women with ≥2 sexual partners (39.3%), with an early onset of first intercourse, and from the Rímac Municipality (14.3%) (p < 0.05). The rate of pregnant women with HPV infection increased by 39% between 2011 and 2015 (p = 0.001).ConclusionPeruvian pregnant women with LSIL have a high frequency of HPV infections. These young pregnant women (≤30 years of age), with multiple pregnancy, ≥2 sexual partners, and early onset of sexual intercourse were mainly associated with the third trimester HPV infection and LSIL. To detect early lesions of the cervix, it is key to continue monitoring HPV infections with molecular techniques and screening in pregnant women.
Circ_0138960 contributes to lipopolysaccharide‐induced periodontal ligament cell dysfunction
Authors: Li Shuangshuang , Xu Huilin , Li Yuanyuan , Li Ruijing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a common oral inflammatory disease, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key risk factor in periodontitis pathology. Here, we used LPS‐induced periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) to explore the molecular mechanism of periodontitis.MethodsCell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐20‐deoxyuridine (EDU), and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Apart from that, their targeting relationship was validated using dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA‐pull down.ResultsCircular RNA_0138960 (circ_0138960) was notably upregulated in periodontitis sufferers (p < .001) and LPS‐disposed PDLCs (p < .05). LPS exposure dampened PDLC proliferation, and promoted apoptosis and inflammation (p < .05). Circ_0138960 acted as a microRNA sponge for miR‐518a‐5p to affect histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression. Circ_0138960 absence‐mediated protective effects in LPS‐induced PDLCs were largely abrogated via silencing miR‐518a‐5p or HDAC6 overexpression (p < .05).ConclusionCirc_0138960 promoted LPS‐induced dysfunction in PDLCs by targeting miR‐518a‐5p/HDAC6 axis, which provided novel potential therapeutic targets for periodontitis.
Whey protein hydrolysate mitigates both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP‐1 human monocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Ishikawa Fuka , Matsubara Takeshi , Koyama Takahiro , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Miyaji Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt is important to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults, such as sepsis, trauma, and surgery. Endotoxin tolerance is one of the immunosuppressive conditions and it has been known that endotoxin tolerance relates to poorer clinical outcomes in patients with severe insults. This study investigated whether whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) mitigates inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP‐1 human monocytic leukemia cells.MethodsEndotoxin tolerance can be experimentally reproduced by two consecutive stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). THP‐1 cells were incubated with LPS and WPH (first stimulation). After collecting the culture supernatant to evaluate the effect on inflammation, the cells were washed and restimulated by 100 ng/ml LPS (second stimulation). The culture supernatant was again collected to evaluate the effect on endotoxin tolerance. Concentrations of LPS and WPH in the first stimulation were adjusted to evaluate their dose dependency. Cytokine levels in the supernatant were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t‐test or Dunnett's test.ResultsFive mg/ml WPH significantly decreased interleukin (IL)‐6 (p = .006) and IL‐10 (p < .001) levels after the first LPS stimulation (1000 ng/ml). WPH significantly increased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (p < .001) and IL‐10 (p = .014) levels after the second LPS stimulation. The suppressive effect of WPH on inflammation and endotoxin tolerance was dependent on the concentrations of LPS and WPH. The effective dose of WPH for endotoxin tolerance was lower than its effective dose for inflammation.ConclusionWPH mitigated both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance. Therefore, WPH might be a candidate for valuable food ingredients to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults.
Effectiveness of D.A.R.E/Keepin' it REAL bullying prevention program among Brazilian students
Authors: Ferreira‐Junior Valdemir , Valente Juliana Y. , Andreoni Solange , Sanchez Zila M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionGiven the growing scientific evidence on the detrimental effects of bullying, several prevention programs have been implemented internationally to prevent this behavior among students. Brazil's Educational Program for Drug and Violence Resistance (PROERD) is an adaptation of US' DARE/Keepin' it REAL program, being the most widespread school‐based prevention program in the country. However, it has been offered without any effectiveness evaluation. As such, this study evaluates the effectiveness of PROERD in reducing bullying perpetration and victimization among students.MethodsTwo cluster randomized controlled trials were carried out with 4030 students (1727 5th graders and 2303 7th graders) in 30 public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. The intervention group attended 10 PROERD classes taught by trained police officers whereas the control group underwent no intervention. Data were collected by self‐administered questionnaires using smartphones at two moments (baseline preintervention and 9‐month follow‐up). Multilevel analysis included two paradigms, complete cases (CC) and intention‐to‐treat (ITT), using Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) and Multiple Imputation (MI).Results and conclusionResults show no statistical difference between groups, indicating lack of evidence on PROERD's effectiveness in preventing bullying behaviors. The insufficient number of classes on bullying prevention and the lack of cultural adaptation may explain these unexpected results. New in‐depth evaluation studies concerning the program's components and process are needed.
METTL3‐mediated m6A modification of lnc RNA RHPN1‐AS1 enhances cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Cui Shoubin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin resistance is a big challenge for ovarian cancer (OC) therapy. The abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulated by N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been confirmed to play the crucial roles in OC. The aim of this study is to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA RHPN1‐AS1 on OC with cisplatin resistance.MethodsThe real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was carried out to confirm the expression of RHPN1‐AS1 and methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) in OC. The effects of RHPN1‐AS1 on cisplatin‐resistant OC cells were identified by cell functional experiments and animal experiment. Western blotting was performed to detect the effect of RHPN1‐AS1 on PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA stability assays confirmed the interaction between RHPN1‐AS1 and METTL3.ResultsRHPN1‐AS1 and METTL3 were confirmed to be overexpressed in OC. After transfecting RHPN1‐AS1 overexpression or RHPN1‐AS1 knockdown vectors into cisplatin‐resistant OC cells, it was found that upregulating RHPN1‐AS1 contributed to cell viability, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, RHPN1‐AS1 could enhance the protein levels of PI3K and phosphorylated AKT in cisplatin‐resistant OC cells, and METTL3 could enhance the stability of RHPN1‐AS1 by the m6A modification.ConclusionOverall, this study revealed that METTL3‐mediated m6A modification of RHPN1‐AS1 accelerates cisplatin resistance in OC by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.
Gentiopicroside alleviated epileptogenesis in immature rats through inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting P2X7R expression
Authors: Yang Weilong , Ma Lin , Xu Siying , Zheng Ping , Du Juan , Wu Jing , Yu Jianqiang , Sun Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the effects of Gentiopicroside (Gent) on epileptogenesis and underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe status epilepticus (SE) model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lithium chloride (127 mg/kg) and pilocarpine (50 mg/kg) in immature rats. HAPI microglial cellular inflammation model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP, 5 mM). The differential concentrations of Gent were used to pretreat animal (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) and model cells (50, 100, and 200 μM). Epileptic discharges were assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and Racine scale. Changes in spatial memory function were measured using the Morris water maze task test. Nissl and FJB staining were employed to assess the damage to hippocampus tissues. ELISA was used to detect the production of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and TNF‐α. The expressions of P2X7R and NLRP3 were detected by q‐PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot, and cell viability was determined by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8).ResultsLithium chloride and pilocarpine (LICL‐PILO) induced abnormal EEG activities, behavioral alterations, brain damage, and inflammatory responses in immature rats. However, Gent pretreatment significantly reduced the neuronal damage and spatial memory dysfunction induced by LICL‐PILO. Additionally, Gent suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase‐1 in LPS/ATP‐induced HAPI microglial cells.DiscussionGent intervention could improve epileptogenesis in immature rats partially due to suppressing P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome.
Real‐world clinical effectiveness and safety of CT‐P10 in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: An observational study in Europe
Authors: Bishton Mark J. , Salles Gilles , Golfier Camille , Knauf Wolfgang , Bocchia Monica , Turner Deborah , Slama Borhane , Harchowal Jatinder , Marshall Scott , Bosi Alberto , Lleonart Juan José Bargay , Welslau Manfred , Kim SooKyoung , Lee Young N. , Zinzani Pier L. , Laribi Kamel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rituximab biosimilar CT‐P10 is approved for the treatment of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Previous studies have demonstrated clinical similarity between CT‐P10 and reference rituximab. However, real‐world data relating to treatment in patients with DLBCL with rituximab biosimilars are limited. This study collected real‐world data relating to the effectiveness and safety of CT‐P10 treatment from the medical records of 389 patients with DLBCL (24 centers, five European countries). For the primary outcome (clinical effectiveness), overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and best response (BR) were assessed. The percentage (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of patients alive at 12‐, 18‐, and 30 months postindex (initiation of CT‐P10) was 86% (82.4%–89.4%), 81% (76.9%–84.9%), and 76% (71.2%–80.1%), respectively. The PFS rate (percent, [95% CI]) at 12‐, 18‐, and 30 months postindex was 78% (74.2%–82.5%), 72% (67.9%–76.9%), and 67% (61.9%–71.7%), respectively. Median OS/PFS was not reached. For 82% (n = 312) of patients, the BR to CT‐P10 was a complete response. Adverse events were consistent with known effects of chemotherapy. This international, multicenter study provides real‐world data on the safety and effectiveness profile of CT‐P10 for DLBCL treatment and supports the adoption of CT‐P10 for the treatment of DLBCL.
Real‐world use of carfilzomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma in Europe and Israel
Authors: Leleu Xavier , Katodritou Eirini , Kuehr Thomas , Terpos Evangelos , Caers Jo , Zambello Renato , Brescianini Alessandra , Liang Tony , Wetten Sally , Badelita Sorina N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM); however, prospective real‐world data are limited. This real‐world, prospective, observational study evaluated carfilzomib use, effectiveness and safety in adults with RRMM. Data are presented for a subset of patients (n = 383) who received carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd). The overall response rate (ORR) was 83.6% among 360 evaluable patients. Treatment responses were better when KRd was administered at earlier therapy lines than at later lines of therapy (ORR: second line, 85.3%; third line or later, 81.0%). In patients with the anti‐CD38 antibody‐refractory disease, ORR was higher when KRd was administered earlier than at later therapy lines (second line/third line, 75.0%; fourth line or later, 60.0%). An ORR of 68.1% and 82.0% was achieved in the lenalidomide‐refractory and not lenalidomide‐refractory subgroups, respectively. KRd was consistently administered per the European label (twice weekly dose of 27 mg/m2) and the median time to discontinuation was 14.6 months. The safety profile of KRd was consistent with previous studies. These real‐world data highlight the effectiveness of KRd as a treatment for patients with RRMM, including those with disease refractory to lenalidomide or anti‐CD38 antibodies.