bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing eating disorders in primary care: Understanding screening recommendations and opportunities to improve care
Authors: Peat Christine M. , Feltner Cynthia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveFor the first time in its history, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published a recommendation on screening for eating disorders among adolescents and adults in primary care. The current manuscript provides an overview of the USPSTF recommendation, screening principles, and suggestions for clinical and research efforts.MethodThe USPSTF based their recommendations on a rigorous systematic review of the evidence on routine screening for eating disorders. Eligible studies included studies of screening test accuracy and controlled trials of screening or interventions for eating disorders in screen‐detected or previously untreated eating disorders. The current manuscript briefly summarizes the results of this evidence review which are published in full elsewhere and focuses on providing interpretation of the recommendations by clarifying the scope and methodology of the USPSTF.ResultsFifty‐seven studies were included in the evidence review. Seventeen studies evaluated screening test accuracy and 40 trials evaluated interventions among populations with previously untreated eating disorders. No studies directly assessed the benefits and harms of screening. The evidence review highlights important gaps in our knowledge regarding eating disorders in primary care. The authors provide recommendations for future studies in light of these evidence gaps and propose specific clinical strategies to improve care for those with eating disorders who present to primary care.DiscussionPrimary care can play an important role in the early detection of eating disorders, but data are needed to more fully understand the potential benefits and harms of routine screening in this setting.Public SignificanceThere are gaps in the evidence regarding the benefits and harms of eating disorder screening in primary care. Future studies are needed to improve certainty about the net benefit of screening. Of particular importance are studies that compare routine screening to usual care (no screening). Current providers may benefit from tailored eating disorders education and training, practical tools, and integration of mental health services in primary care.
Electrical cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias with cardiac amyloidosis in the era of direct oral anticogulants
Authors: Touboul Olivier , Algalarrondo Vincent , Oghina Silvia , Elbaz Nathalie , Rouffiac Segolene , Hamon David , Extramiana Fabrice , Gandjbakhch Estelle , D'Humieres Thomas , Marijon Eloi , Dhanjal Tarvinder S. , Teiger Emmanuel , Damy Thibaud , Lellouche Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter is common during cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Electrical cardioversion (EC) is a strategy to restore sinus rhythm (SR). However, left atrial thrombus (LAT) represents a contraindication for EC. CA patients with AF/atrial flutter have a high prevalence of LAT. We aimed to evaluate EC characteristics, LAT prevalence and risk factors, and AF/atrial flutter outcome in CA patients undergoing EC, predominantly treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).Methods and resultsAll patients with CA and AF/atrial flutter referred for the first time to our national referral centre of amyloidosis for EC from June 2017 to February 2021 were included in this study. In total, 66 patients (median age 74.5 [70;80.75] years, 67% male) were included with anticoagulation consisted of DOAC in 74% of cases. All patients underwent cardiac imaging before EC to rule out LAT. EC was cancelled due to LAT in 14% of cases. Complete thrombus resolution was observed in only 17% of cases. The two independent parameters associated with LAT were creatinine [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.01; confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–1.03, P = 0.036] and the use of antiplatelet agents (HR = 13.47; CI = 1.85–98.02). EC acute success rate was 88%, and we observed no complication after EC. With 64% of patients under amiodarone, AF/atrial flutter recurrence rate following EC was 51% after a mean follow‐up of 30 ± 27 months.ConclusionsLeft atrial thrombus was observed in 14% of CA patients listed for EC and mainly treated with DOAC. The acute EC success rate was high with no complication. The long‐term EC success rate was acceptable (49%).
Rh(III)‐CatalyzedN‐Arylation of Alkyl Dioxazolones with Arylboronic Acids for the Synthesis ofN‐Aryl Amides
Authors: Song Jia‐Lin , Chen Shao‐Yong , Xiao Lin , Xie Xiao‐Ling , Zheng Yi‐Chuan , Zhang Shang‐Shi , Shu Bing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, a method forN‐aryl amides preparation has been established through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C(sp2)−N cross‐coupling reactions of alkyl dioxazolones with arylboronic acids, heterocyclic boronic acid, and alkenyl boronic acid. This efficient and straightforward catalytic approach was featured with broad substrate scope (38 examples), good functional group compatibility, high yields (up to 99 %), and is suitable for late‐stage modification of drug molecular structures. The possible mechanism hypothesis was also accomplished.
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract and flavonoids reduce inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by inactivation of MAPK and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Zhang Xutao , Zhou Yan , Cheong Meng Sam , Khan Haroon , Ruan Cheng‐Chao , Fu Manqin , Xiao Jianbo , Cheang Wai San 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCitri reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is widely consumed as a food and herbal medicine in various countries and has many biological activities, including anti‐inflammatory effects, but the molecular mechanism is not completely known. This study aims to investigate whether CRP extract and its major flavonoids hesperidin (Hsd) and hesperetin (Hst) can reduce inflammation in macrophages and the underlying mechanism. The chemical composition of CRP was detected by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS) analysis. The inflammatory cell model was induced by stimulating RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml). Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were determined by Griess assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. Protein expressions were examined by western blotting. CRP extract dose‐dependently suppressed LPS‐induced production of NO, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α. Elevated expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and phosphorylation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, p38, and p65 in LPS‐stimulated cells were prevented by CRP extract. Hsd and Hst are flavonoids present in CRP, as confirmed by UPLC‒MS analysis. Both Hsd and Hst ameliorated LPS‐triggered inflammation to reduce NO release, IL‐6 generation, and protein expressions of iNOS and COX‐2. These results reveal that CRP extract possesses anti‐inflammatory activity by inactivating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa‐light chain‐enhancer of activated B cells pathways, where Hsd and Hst are bioactive constituents, implying the potential application of CRP as dietary supplements against inflammatory diseases.
Default mode network mediates low‐frequency fluctuations in brain activity and behavior during sustained attention
Authors: Zhang Hang , Yang Shi‐You , Qiao Yang , Ge Qiu , Tang Yi‐Yuan , Northoff Georg , Zang Yu‐Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe low‐frequency (<0.1 Hz) fluctuation in sustained attention attracts enormous interest in cognitive neuroscience and clinical research since it always leads to cognitive and behavioral lapses. What is the source of the spontaneous fluctuation in sustained attention in neural activity, and how does the neural fluctuation relate to behavioral fluctuation? Here, we address these questions by collecting and analyzing two independent fMRI and behavior datasets. We show that the neural (fMRI) fluctuation in a key brain network, the default‐mode network (DMN), mediate behavioral (reaction time) fluctuation during sustained attention. DMN shows the increased amplitude of fluctuation, which correlates with the behavioral fluctuation in a similar frequency range (0.01–0.1 Hz) but not in the lower (<0.01 Hz) or higher (>0.1 Hz) frequency range. This was observed during both auditory and visual sustained attention and was replicable across independent datasets. These results provide a novel insight into the neural source of attention‐fluctuation and extend the former concept that DMN was deactivated in cognitive tasks. More generally, our findings highlight the temporal dynamic of the brain–behavior relationship.
Identifying the regional substrates predictive of Alzheimer's disease progression through a convolutional neural network model and occlusion
Authors: Kwak Kichang , Stanford William , Dayan Eran ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2022

AbstractProgressive brain atrophy is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, atrophy patterns along the progression of AD dementia are diffuse and variable and are often missed by univariate methods. Consequently, identifying the major regional atrophy patterns underlying AD dementia progression is challenging. In the current study, we propose a method that evaluates the degree to which specific regional atrophy patterns are predictive of AD dementia progression, while holding all other atrophy changes constant using a total sample of 334 subjects. We first trained a dense convolutional neural network model to differentiate individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who progress to AD dementia versus those with a stable MCI diagnosis. Then, we retested the model multiple times, each time occluding different regions of interest (ROIs) from the model's testing set's input. We also validated this approach by occluding ROIs based on Braak's staging scheme. We found that the hippocampus, fusiform, and inferior temporal gyri were the strongest predictors of AD dementia progression, in agreement with established staging models. We also found that occlusion of limbic ROIs defined according to Braak stage III had the largest impact on the performance of the model. Our predictive model reveals the major regional patterns of atrophy predictive of AD dementia progression. These results highlight the potential for early diagnosis and stratification of individuals with prodromal AD dementia based on patterns of cortical atrophy, prior to interventional clinical trials.
PGC1α overexpression preserves muscle mass and function in cisplatin‐induced cachexia
Authors: Huot Joshua R. , Pin Fabrizio , Chatterjee Rohit , Bonetto Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy induces a cachectic‐like phenotype, accompanied by skeletal muscle wasting, weakness and mitochondrial dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC1α), a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is often reduced in cachectic skeletal muscle. Overexpression of PGC1α has yielded mixed beneficial results in cancer cachexia, yet investigations using such approach in a chemotherapy setting are limited. Utilizing transgenic mice, we assessed whether overexpression of PGC1α could combat the skeletal muscle consequences of cisplatin.MethodsYoung (2 month) and old (18 month) wild‐type (WT) and PGC1α transgenic male and female mice (Tg) were injected with cisplatin (C; 2.5 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while control animals received saline (n = 5–9/group). Animals were assessed for muscle mass and force, motor unit connectivity, and expression of mitochondrial proteins.ResultsYoung WT + C mice displayed reduced gastrocnemius mass (male: −16%, P < 0.0001; female: −11%, P < 0.001), muscle force (−6%, P < 0.05, both sexes), and motor unit number estimation (MUNE; male: −53%, P < 0.01; female: −51%, P < 0.01). Old WT + C male and female mice exhibited gastrocnemius wasting (male: −22%, P < 0.05; female: −27%, P < 0.05), muscle weakness (male: −20%, P < 0.0001; female: −17%, P < 0.01), and loss of MUNE (male: −82%, P < 0.01; female: −62%, P < 0.05), suggesting exacerbated cachexia compared with younger animals. Overexpression of PGC1α had mild protective effects on muscle mass in young Tg + C male only (gastrocnemius: +10%, P < 0.05); however, force and MUNE were unchanged in both young Tg + C male and female, suggesting preservation of neuromuscular function. In older male, protective effects associated with PGC1α overexpression were heighted with Tg + C demonstrating preserved muscle mass (gastrocnemius: +34%, P < 0.001), muscle force (+13%, P < 0.01), and MUNE (+3‐fold, P < 0.05). Similarly, old female Tg + C did not exhibit muscle wasting or reductions in MUNE, and had preserved muscle force (+11%, P < 0.05) compared with female WT + C. Follow‐up molecular analysis demonstrated that aged WT animals were more susceptible to cisplatin‐induced loss of mitochondrial proteins, including PGC1α, OPA1, cytochrome‐C, and Cox IV.ConclusionsIn our study, the negative effects of cisplatin were heighted in aged animals, whereas overexpression of PGC1α was sufficient to combat the neuromuscular dysfunction caused by cisplatin, especially in older animals. Hence, our observations indicate that aged animals may be more susceptible to develop chemotherapy side toxicities and that mitochondria‐targeted strategies may serve as a tool to prevent chemotherapy‐induced muscle wasting and weakness.
Pyrolysis analysis of polyethylene terephthalate: effects of carrier gases (N2, He, and Ar) and zeolite catalyst (A4) on yield
Authors: Atashi Farid , Gholizadeh Mortaza , Ataei Farshad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate, the main material used for beverage bottle packaging, accounts for an average of 7.6% of all plastic waste in Europe. This material is not biodegradable and takes several centuries to decompose. The pyrolysis process in the presence of a catalyst and carrier gases can convert PET waste into solid, liquid, and gaseous materials that can be utilized as fuel. This study evaluated the effects of different carrier gases on the pyrolysis of PET waste in the presence and absence of a zeolite catalyst (A4). The results showed that the catalyst affected the pyrolysis yield; it increased the liquid and gaseous products, as well as the benzoic acid content. However, the effect declined when replacing the carrier gas with a larger molecular weight carrier gas. The alcohol content of the char was larger than that of the wax. The maximum alcohol content was detected under He, implying the direct impact of the carrier on the pyrolysis products. The hydrocarbons identified in the char were affected by changing the carrier gas, and a different distribution of hydrocarbon groups was found by converting the aromatic group into aliphatic compounds. Broadly speaking, in the presence of helium gas and the catalyst, the lowest amount of coke and the lightest compounds were observed. The amount of coke in the presence of nitrogen gas was the same as that of helium gas, but it had heavier compounds. Meanwhile in the presence of argon gas, which has a high molecular mass, more coke and heavier compounds were obtained. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The experience of providing end‐of‐life care at home: The emotional experiences of young family physicians
Authors: Son Daisuke , Oishi Ai , Taniguchi Shin‐ichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐of‐life care is now a major issue in Japan as a result of the rapidly aging population; hence, the need for fostering family physicians to be engaged in end‐of‐life care at home is increasing. Studies in the United States and the United Kingdom have shown that physicians feel emotional and moral distress in end‐of‐life care, and that they develop detachment and dehumanizing attitudes toward patients as a coping mechanism. However, few studies have explored the emotional experiences that family physicians have during home‐based end‐of‐life care. The aim of this study is to explore the emotional experiences of young family physicians in such situations.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with family medicine residents or family physicians who had just completed their residency. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcripts were prepared. The coded data were analyzed according to thematic analysis using NVivo 10 software.ResultsStudy participants were 12 family physicians of PGY 5–11, with experienced end‐of‐life care cases of 3–20. Thirteen themes were extracted from the data, which were categorized into five domains: difficulties in end‐of‐life discussion, emotions of physicians, the role of physicians, communicating with the family, and positivity in end‐of‐life care. The physicians experienced various emotions and struggles within these domains, but they also felt something positive through providing care for the dying patients and their families.ConclusionFamily physicians experience various emotional difficulties during end‐of‐life home care. However, positive emotions at the end of life were also experienced through their care.
Creative Self‐Efficacy and Metacognitive Feelings as Sources of Information when Generating, Evaluating, and Selecting Creative Ideas: A Metacognitive Perspective
Authors: Puente‐Díaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn one study, we examined the relationships between pre‐task creative self‐efficacy, post‐task creative confidence, self‐rated and judges‐rated creativity evaluations, metacognitive feelings, and idea selection under a metacognitive framework. Four hundred and fourteen college students were asked to complete a divergent thinking problem in the domain of marketing and completed several questionnaires measuring pre‐task creative self‐efficacy, post‐task creative confidence, idea evaluation and selection, and metacognitive feelings. Independent judges evaluated the creativity of each idea generated and ranked ideas from the most to the least creative. Results showed positive relationships between pre‐task creative self‐efficacy and post‐task creative confidence, self‐ and judges‐rated creativity evaluations and metacognitive feelings. In addition, metacognitive feelings and self‐rated creative evaluations predicted post‐task confidence. We also observed evidence for positive connections between metacognitive feelings and self‐rated evaluations and greater probability of choosing the first idea brought to mind as the best idea than what was expected by chance. The implications of the results were discussed.
Gel properties of okara dietary fiber‐fortified soy protein isolate gel with/without NaCl
Authors: Lv Yuanqi , Wang Jing , Xu Lilan , Tang Tingting , Su Yujie , Gu Luping , Chang Cuihua , Zhang Ming , Yang Yanjun , Li Junhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoy protein isolate (SPI) is widely used as an alternative to animal‐based protein, and its gelling property is essential for producing plant protein‐based foods. Insoluble dietary fiber has been used to improve the properties of protein gels.RESULTSEffects of partial replacement of SPI by okara dietary fiber (ODF) on the gelling properties of ODF‐fortified SPI gels with and without 0.1 m NaCl were investigated. The presence of ODF hindered the SPI self‐aggregation and reduced the surface hydrophobicity of SPI. The presence of ODF reduced the hydrophobic interaction and improved the proportion of disulfide bonds in the gels. In the microstructure, the swollen ODF promoted the local aggregation of SPI at 0.1 m NaCl. Texture profile analysis showed that 5% and 10% ODF improved the SPI gel hardness in the absence of NaCl, whereas only 5% ODF improved the gel hardness at 0.1 m NaCl. The results of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging revealed that ODF shortened the T2 relaxation time of the free water in the gel. The gel of ODF‐10 had the highest storage modulus.CONCLUSIONUsing an appropriate amount of ODF to replace SPI could improve the quality of SPI gel and increase the dietary fiber content in the product. In addition, the appropriate ratio of ODF/SPI varied in different solution environments. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Radiation quality correction factors for improved dosimetry in preclinical minibeam radiotherapy
Authors: Sotiropoulos Marios , Prezado Yolanda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn reference dosimetry, radiation quality correction factors are used in order to account for changes in the detector's response among different radiation qualities, improving dosimetric accuracy.PurposeReference dosimetry radiation quality corrections factors for the PTW microDiamond were calculated for preclinical X‐ray and proton minibeams, and their impact in dosimetric accuracy was evaluated.MethodsA formalism for the calculation of radiation quality correction factors for absolute dosimetry in minibeam fields was developed. Following our formalism, radiation quality correction factors were calculated for the PTW microDiamond detector, using the Monte Carlo method. Models of the detector, and X‐ray and proton irradiation platform, were imported into the TOPAS Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. The radiation quality correction factors were calculated in the following scenarios: (i) reference dosimetry open field to minibeam center of the central peak, (ii) different positions at the minibeam profile (along the peaks and valleys direction) to the center of the central minibeam, and (iii) some representative depth positions. In addition, the radiation quality correction factors needed for the calculation of the peak‐to‐valley dose ratio at different depths were calculated.ResultsAn important overestimation of the dose (about 10%) was found in the case of the open to minibeam field for both X‐rays and proton beams, when the correction factors were used. Smaller differences were observed in the other cases.ConclusionsThe usage of the PTW microDiamond detector requires radiation quality correction factors in order to be used in minibeam reference dosimetry.
Changes in brain response to urgency before and after treatment of urgency urinary incontinence with onabotulinumtoxin A
Authors: Clarkson Becky D. , Karim Helmet T. , Chermansky Christopher J. , Banihashemi Layla , Tyagi Shachi , Griffiths Derek J. , Resnick Neil M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo better understand the role of the brain in urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), we used onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNTA) as a probe to evaluate changes in the brain's response to urgency in successful and unsuccessful treatment. Because BoNTA acts peripherally, brain changes observed should represent a reaction to changes in bladder function caused by BoNTA, or changes in the brain's compensatory mechanisms, rather than a direct effect of BoNTA on the brain.MethodsWe recruited 20 women aged over 60 years with nonneurogenic UUI who were to undergo treatment with onabotulinum A toxin injected intravesically. We performed a baseline evaluation which included a 3‐day bladder diary and functional magnetic resonance imaging with an urgency provocation task; we repeated this evaluation 6 weeks posttreatment. We performed an analysis of variance on a priori selected regions of interest and post hoc voxel‐wise analysis on responders and nonresponders to treatment.ResultsWe found a significant interaction in the right insula [F(1,18) = 5.5, p = 0.031]; activity was different during urgency provocation in responders and non‐responders to therapy, before and after therapy. The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) also displayed significant interactions (p < 0.005). Activity in the periaqueductal gray and prefrontal cortex was correlated with number of leakage episodes (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe changes seen in the brain control mechanism after therapy likely reflect reduced bladder sensation caused by BoNTA's peripheral action. We ascribe the SMG and IFG changes to a coping mechanism for urgency which is reduced in those who respond well to treatment.