bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annotated Data Augmentation for Arabic Sentiment Analysis using Semi-Supervised GANs
Authors: AlNashash Asma J. , Al-Taani Ahmad T. , Abu-Soud Saleh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the increasing number of web users, a tremendous amount of data is being generated in an enormous and dynamic way. In this regard, analyzing the sentiment of the user’s generated data is becoming essential to reveal valuable insights. However, analyzing this massive amount of data requires a lot of manual effort. Therefore, sentiment analysis systems automate the analysis of the generated text which helps in extracting people’s opinions and attitudes. The great success of sentiment analysis systems is due to the availability of a copiously annotated corpus. Unfortunately, Arabic Language does not possess such an abundance of annotated data. Obtaining annotated sentiment corpus is an expensive and challenging task due to the huge amount of corpus required to train efficient sentiment analyzers. The purpose of this research is to tackle the problems of Sentiment Analysis for Arabic language and the inadequate annotated data available for this task. Owing to the limited resources for Arabic sentiment analysis, this work is motivated to investigate data augmentation using GAN. GANs showed breakthrough results in data augmentation due to their capabilities of generating realistic data samples. In this work, we propose using Semi-Supervised GANs for Arabic sentiment analysis to minimize the number of annotated data required for this task. As a result, we were able to prove that GAN can be used to augment realistic textual data samples that can improve the performance of the sentiment analysis task. Results also showed that Semi-Supervised GAN can drastically reduce the requirement of manually annotated samples. In this context, our model successfully excels the task of Arabic Sentiment Analysis with only 10–30% of dataset being manually labeled.
Validation of the Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale (BBCS) – Further development of an independent characteristic of informal caregiving
Authors: Pendergrass Anna , Weiß Saskia , Rohleder Nicolas , Graessel Elmar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Although larger amounts of scientific attention have been directed toward the concept of positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) in recent years, a globally uniform definition and a suitable, scientifically valid questionnaire for all informal caregivers have yet to be developed. On the basis of the questionnaires that already exist for measuring PAC, the authors aimed to (a) concretize the concept and (b) develop a new scale by focusing only on items that show that family caregivers experience a benefit for themselves and that the benefit they experience is the result of their caregiving activities.
Methods
The Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale (BBCS) was validated on data from 961 informal caregivers and their care-receivers. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the items, and a factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the BBCS. The discriminatory power and item difficulties were examined. Construct validity was established by testing four hypotheses.
Results
The factor analysis confirmed the single-factor structure of the BBCS. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.922. One of the 15 items did not show good to very good discriminatory power and was excluded from the final version of the scale. A higher BBCS score was observed if the caregiver experienced more positive aspects of caregiving and tended to have better general coping skills and a positive relationship with the care-receiver. The BBCS score was not associated with the subjective burden of the caregiver. Results confirmed the validity of the BBCS.
Conclusion
The BBCS is a valid assessment instrument for measuring the benefits that caregivers experience from their caregiving work and can easily be used in research and practice. The BBCS is available free of charge in English and German (http://www.caregiver-benefits.de).
Agreement between Capillary Refill Time measured at Finger and Earlobe sites in different positions: a pilot prospective study on healthy volunteers
Authors: Via Luigi La , Sanfilippo Filippo , Continella Carlotta , Triolo Tania , Messina Antonio , Robba Chiara , Astuto Marinella , Hernandez Glenn , Noto Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Capillary Refill Time (CRT) is a marker of peripheral perfusion usually performed at fingertip; however, its evaluation at other sites/position may be advantageous. Moreover, arm position during CRT assessment has not been fully standardized.
Methods
We performed a pilot prospective observational study in 82 healthy volunteers. In randomized sequence, CRT was assessed: a) in standard position with participants in semi-recumbent position; b) at 30° forearm elevation, c and d) at earlobe site in semi-recumbent and supine position. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to calculate bias and limits of agreement (LoA). Correlation was investigated with Pearson test.
Results
Standard finger CRT values (1.04 sec [0.80;1.39]) were similar to the earlobe semi-recumbent ones (1.10 sec [0.90;1.26]; p = 0.52), with Bias 0.02 ± 0.18 sec (LoA − 0.33;0.37); correlation was weak but significant (r = 0.28 [0.7;0.47]; p = 0.01). Conversely, standard finger CRT was significantly longer than earlobe supine CRT (0.88 sec [0.75;1.06]; p < 0.001) with Bias 0.22 ± 0.4 sec (LoA − 0.56;1.0), and no correlation (r = 0,12 [-0,09;0,33]; p = 0.27]. As compared with standard finger CRT, measurement with 30° forearm elevation was significantly longer (1.17 sec [0.93;1.41] p = 0.03), with Bias − 0.07 ± 0.3 sec (LoA − 0.61;0.47) and significant correlation of moderate degree (r = 0.67 [0.53;0.77; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In healthy volunteers, the elevation of the forearm significantly prolongs CRT values. CRT measured at the earlobe in semi-recumbent position may represent a valid surrogate when access to the finger is not feasible, whilst earlobe CRT measured in supine position yields different results. Research is needed in critically ill patients to evaluate accuracy and precision at different sites/positions.
Obesity-related complications, healthcare resource use and weight loss strategies in six European countries: the RESOURCE survey
Authors: Evans Marc , de Courcy Joanna , de Laguiche Elisabeth , Faurby Mads , Haase Christiane , Matthiessen Kasper Sommer , Moore Adam , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Obesity-related complications (ORCs), such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, contribute considerably to the clinical and economic impacts of obesity. To obtain a holistic overview of health and weight management attempts for people with obesity in Europe, we designed the cross-sectional RESOURCE survey to collect data on comorbidities, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and weight loss strategies from people with obesity in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.
METHODS
Adults (≥ 18 years old) with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 who reported interacting with primary or secondary healthcare services in the past 12 months, but had not been pregnant during this time, were recruited from an existing consumer research panel. All data were self-reported via an online survey (May–June 2021). Weight changes over the past year were calculated from participants’ estimated weights.
RESULTS
Of the 1850 participants in the survey, 26.3% had ≥ 3 ORCs from a set of 15 conditions of interest. The most frequently reported ORCs were hypertension (39.3% of participants), dyslipidaemia (22.8%) and T2D (17.5%). Participants in obesity class III (BMI 40 to < 70 kg/m2) were more likely to report multiple ORCs than those in lower obesity classes. The presence of multiple ORCs was linked to various types of HCRU, including a significantly increased chance of reporting hospitalization in the past year. Most participants (78.6%) had attempted to lose weight in the past year, but of those who also reported estimated weight changes, 73.4% had not experienced clinically meaningful weight loss of ≥ 5%.
CONCLUSIONS
ORCs are common in people with obesity, and are linked to increased HCRU. Together with the low success rate of weight loss attempts, this highlights an unmet need in Europe for enhanced weight management support for people with obesity.
A Lightweight Certificate-Based Authentication Scheme for 6LoWPAN-based Internet of Things
Authors: Thungon Leki Chom , Sahana Subhas Chandra , Hussain Md. Iftekhar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As the 6LoWPAN devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications communicate sensitive information over the unattended and insecure channel, it is essential to design suitable authentication methods for such devices. Due to high computation and communication overheads, the traditional certificate-based authentication schemes are predominantly considered impractical for resource-constraint 6LoWPAN devices used in IoT applications. However, certificate with some lightweight features makes the authentication feasible in those resource constraint 6LoWPAN devices. This paper proposes a lightweight certificate-based authentication scheme based on cryptographic hash operation and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm. It can mitigate several security threats including replay, man-in-the-middle, impersonation, malicious devices deployment, and spoofing attacks. The automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) verification tool is used to formally verify the security of the proposed scheme against several known attacks. In addition, the correctness of the authentication scheme is verified using the widely accepted BAN logic. Moreover, a comparative analysis among the proposed and other well-established relevant schemes is carried out in order to figure out the trade-off considering not only the functionality attributes and security but also the involved computation and communication costs.
Analogs for dialogs: a network to catalyze climate change adaptation for US specialty crops.
Authors: Chaudhary Siddharth , Rajagopalan Kirti , Kruger Chad , Brady Michael , Fraisse Clyde , Gustafson David , Hall Sonia , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Melnick Rachel , Reyes Julian , Stöckle Claudio , Sulser Timothy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Communication theory suggests that interactive dialog rather than information transmission is necessary for climate change action, especially for complex systems like agriculture. Climate analogs – locations whose current climate is similar to a target location’s future climate – have garnered recent interest as transmitting more relatable information; however, they have unexplored potential in facilitating meaningful dialogs. We demonstrate this potential for US specialty crop production using context-specific analogs based on agriculturally-relevant climate metrics. Over 80% of US specialty crop counties have acceptable US analogs for the mid-21st century, especially in the West and Northeast which have greater similarities in the crops produced across target-analog pairs. Western counties generally had analogs to the south, and those in other regions had them to the west. A pilot dialog of target-analog pairs showed promise in eliciting actionable adaptation insights, indicating potential value in incorporating analog-driven dialogs more broadly in climate change communication.
Annals of General Psychiatry An unusual case of trichotillomania and trichophagia in a young African American female adult
Authors: Patel Akshar , Kim Alex , Loomis James Grant , Okwara Tracey , Miller Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTrichotillomania refers to repetitive pulling of hair from the body and may be accompanied by trichophagia, the ingesting of extracted hair. It is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders and resulting hair loss can seriously affect quality of life. Trichophagia can lead to trichobezoars, indigestible aggregations of hair in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause pain and bowel obstruction. Descriptions of trichotillomania and trichophagia have generally assumed European hair texture and styling conventions with little attention to Black hair. Here we report the case of a patient with small bowel obstruction from ingestion of hair extracted from a hair weave, a popular styling practice and form of hair extension frequently used with women of African descent and various ethnic groups. Case PresentationA 23-year-old African American female presented with abdominal pain and a history of trichophagia of hairs pulled from her hair extensions. Laparoscopy confirmed a gastric trichobezoar, which was removed surgically. The patient recovered from surgery and her physical symptoms resolved. ConclusionsWeaves, a form of hair extensions, can be the source of hair for the repetitive hair pulling and eating behaviors of trichotillomania and trichophagia. Cultural awareness of Black hair styles is crucial to prevent these behaviors from going unidentified. Research into potentially unique risk factors for this behavior in the Black community and hazards of the material ingested is needed.
Factors associated with good quality of life among chronic objective pulmonary disease patients in Zhejiang province, China
Authors: Ying Yubing , Khunthason Siriyaporn , Nilvarangkul Kessarawan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive and debilitating disease that affects an individual's quality of life (QOL). Many factors are closely associated with good QOL among COPD patients. This study aimed to assess QOL among COPD patients and to determine the factors associated with good QOL in Zhejiang, China.
Methods
This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 6 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province. A validated questionnaire was used to collect general information, environmental factors, COPD stage and treatment for included patients. The standardised St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) tool was used to assess QOL. Questionnaires were completed by the researcher in face-to-face and phone interviews. Binary regression analysis was used to analyse the associations between factors and QOL at a level of α = 0.05.
Results
A total of 420 participants collected by random sampling were enrolled in this study. The level of good QOL among COPD patients in Zhejiang Province was 25.71%. After controlling for all potential confounding factors, six variables were found to be associated with good QOL among COPD patients: educational level (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.20 (1.11–9.22)), treatment expenses (aOR 3.68 (1.31–10.34)), type of medical insurance (aOR 2.21 (1.04–4.71)), airflow limitation severity (aOR 8.69 (2.65–28.46)), duration of illness (aOR 8.25 (1.98–34.29)), and number of hospitalizations within the past 3 months (aOR 5.39 (1.07–27.24)).
Conclusions
The level of good QOL among COPD patients in Zhejiang Province was higher than that in other areas in China. There were six factors associated with good QOL among COPD patients. Improving social insurance systems and reducing medical expenses are necessary to improve the QOL of COPD patients. Public health interventions should be developed and implemented to improve QOL.
Metformin enhances the antitumor activity of oncolytic herpes simplex virus HF10 (canerpaturev) in a pancreatic cell cancer subcutaneous model
Authors: Abdelmoneim Mohamed , Eissa Ibrahim R. , Aboalela Mona , Naoe Yoshinori , Matsumura Shigeru , Sibal Patricia A. , Bustos-Villalobos Itzel , Tanaka Maki , Kodera Yasuhiro , Kasuya Hideki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising cancer immunotherapy, especially for cold tumors by inducing the direct lysis of cancer cells and initiation of potent antitumor response. Canerpaturev (C-REV) is an attenuated oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1, which demonstrated potent antitumor effect in various preclinical models when used either alone or combined. Metformin is a commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug that demonstrated a potent immune modulator effect and antitumor response. We combined C-REV with metformin in a low immunogenic bilateral murine tumor model to enhance C-REV’s antitumor efficacy. In vitro, metformin does not enhance the C-REV cell cytotoxic effect. However, in in vivo model, intratumoral administration of C-REV with the systemic administration of metformin led to synergistic antitumor effect on both sides of tumor and prolonged survival. Moreover, combination therapy increased the effector CD44+ CD8+ PD1- subset and decreased the proportion of terminally-differentiated CD103+ KLRG-1+ T-regulatory cells on both sides of tumor. Interestingly, combination therapy efficiently modulates conventional dendritic cells type-1 (cDC1) on tumors, and tumor drained lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that combination of C-REV and metformin enhances systemic antitumor immunity. This study may provide insights into the mechanism of action of OV therapy plus metformin combination against various tumor models.
Seasonal Biochemical Changes in Betula tortuosa Ledeb. Annual Rings in Alpine Forest-Tundra of Kuznetsk Ala Tau Mountains
Authors: Tyutkova Ekaterina A. , Loskutov Sergey , Petrov Ilya , Dorzhiev Daniil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Woody vegetation growth conditions have marked effects on hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin formation. In this study, we analyzed the climatic responses of these major cell wall polymers in Betula tortuosa. We studied 35 annual rings (1980-2015) of B. tortuosa trees growing in the alpine forest-tundra of Kuznetsk Ala Tau using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Our analysis of the correlation of the resulting spectra and Py-GC/MS values with mean air temperature and precipitation showed that the polymeric composition of B. tortuosa was mainly determined by June-August climate. The major factor limiting the development of the “unique” cell wall polymer composition of B. tortuosa found in alpine forest-tundra of Kuznetsk Ala Tau was a deficit of heat. At the end of the growing season, precipitation had largely a negative impact on polymer formation in B. tortuosa cell walls. We believe that combining FTIR spectroscopy and Py-GC/MS is an effective approach to quantifying the consequences of current climate trends for Siberian forest ecosystems.
Method for generating transparent porcine tibia showing the intraosseous artery
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Wan Jiaming , Geng Kailong , Zhang Xiangnan , Deng Wei , Ju Jihui , Hou Ruixing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The occurrence of nonunion after tibial fracture surgery is mainly related to insufficient blood supply. Therefore, anatomical study of the internal and external tibial artery is very important, but there is no good method for displaying the intraosseous artery clearly and intuitively. This hinders the protection and reconstruction of it by surgeons, as well as the development of new instruments and techniques by researchers.Objective: To develop a transparent specimen that could clearly display the intraosseous artery of the tibia.Methods: In 10 isolated pig calves with popliteal vessels, the popliteal artery was exposed and a tube was placed. A casting agent was then injected at constant pressure, and the tissue around the blood vessel was preliminarily removed after solidification. The perivascular tissue and periosteum were further removed via alkali corrosion, and the tibia was fixed with an external fixator to protect the non-corrosive areas at both ends. Alternate acid corrosion and flushing were then applied until the intraosseous artery was completely exposed. The distribution and branches of intraosseous nutrient arteries were observed with the naked eye and via microscopy. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and 3D printing filling techniques were used to make transparent tibia specimens with preservation of intraosseous arteries.Results: A cast specimen of the intraosseous artery of porcine tibia was successfully generated via epoxy resin perfusion combined with acid-alkali etching, and the intraosseous artery was clearly visible. The 3D printing and filling technique successfully produced a transparent tibia specimen with preservation of internal bone arteries, and accurately restored the external shape of the tibia. The foramen of the nutrient artery appeared near the middle upper third of the lateral edge of the tibia. After entering the tibia, the nutrient artery proceeded forward, medial, and downward for a certain distance, twisted and turned near the midpoint of the medullary cavity, and divided into the ascending and descending branches. After going in the opposite direction for a distance, the ascending trunk sent out 2–3 branches, and the descending trunk sent out 2–3 branches.Conclusion: The cast specimen of pig intraosseous artery generated via the above‑described perfusion corrosion method provides methodological guidance for the study of anatomical characteristics of the intraosseous artery, and a theoretical basis for the study of new methods of internal fixation and reconstruction of the blood supply of the lower tibia.
Healthcare accessibility and road criticality during flood disasters - The case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019
Authors: Petricola Sami , Reinmuth Marcel , Lautenbach Sven , Hatfield Charles , Zipf Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:The ability of disaster response, preparedness, and mitigation efforts to assess the loss of physical accessibility to health facilities and to identify impacted populations is key in reducing the humanitarian consequences of disasters. Recent studies use either network- or raster-based approaches to measure accessibility in respect to travel time. Our analysis compares these approaches to assess the loss of accessibility due to a severe flood event. As our analysis uses open access data, the approach should be transferable to other flood-prone sites to support decision-makers in the preparation of disaster mitigation and preparedness plans. Methods: Our study is based on the flood events following Cyclone Idai in Mozambique in 2019 and uses both raster- and network-based approaches to compare accessibility to health sites under normal conditions to the aftermath of the cyclone to assess the loss of accessibility. Part of the assessment is a novel indicator of network criticality, which identifies the specific use of the road network for the population to reach health facilities. Results:Results for the raster- and the network-based approaches differed by about 300,000 inhabitants (~800,000 to ~ 500,000) losing accessibility to healthcare sites. The discrepancy was related to the incomplete mapping of road networks and affected the network-based approach to a higher degree. The analysis of road criticality allowed us to identify road segments that were most likely to suffer from flooding and to highlight potential backup roads in disaster settings. Conclusions:The different results obtained between the raster- and network-based methods indicate the importance of data quality assessments in addition to accessibility assessments as well as the importance of fostering mapping campaigns in large parts of the Global South. Data quality is therefore a key parameter when deciding which method is best suited for local conditions. Another important aspect is the required spatial resolution of the results. Identification of critical segments of the road network provides essential information to prepare for potential disasters.