bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of Infection Asperity of CT Scan Images of COVID-19 Positive Cases: A Machine Learning Perspectives
Authors: Vinod Dasari Naga , Prabaharan S.R.S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Owing to the profoundly irresistible nature of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, an enormous number of individuals halt in the line for CT Scan assessment, which overburdens the medical practitioners, radiologists, and adversely influences the patient's remedy, diagnosis, as well as restraint of the epidemic. Medical facilities like intensive care systems and mechanical ventilators are restrained due to highly infectious diseases. It turns out to be very imperative to characterize the patients as per their asperity levels. This article exhibited a novel execution of image segmentation and a machine learning approach for Covid-19 contamination asperity identification. With the help of the image segmentation model and machine learning classifier, we can identify and classify Covid-19 individuals into three asperity classes such as early, progressive and advanced, with an accuracy of 96% using chest CT scan image database. Experimental outcomes on an adequately enormous number of CT scan images exhibit the adequacy of the machine learning mechanism developed and recommended to identify Coronavirus severity.
The perceived support received by women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Heidari Haydeh , Hamooleh Marjan Mardani- , Pezaro Sally 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Women with breast cancer in Iran face challenges for which they require support. Yet the provision of support may have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the perceptions of Iranian women with breast cancer in relation to the support they received during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This study was qualitative in nature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian women with breast cancer. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed via conventional content analysis. Results Participants (n=33) were Iranian women aged 29-58 years. All women included were married and were working in the role of being a housewife. Women's perceptions of breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic of support were identified under two main categories; Constructive support and Lack of support. Sub-categories related to constructive support included receiving support from family, peers, and nurses. Sub-categories related to lack of support included a perceived lack of spousal and sociocultural support.Conclusion Anti-stigma interventions are suggested to increase both spousal and sociocultural support in this context. Further studies may usefully be conducted with the participation of Iranian women's family members in order to gain a deeper understanding of the support received and required by Iranian women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Rapid Recovery of Male Cats with Postrenal Acute Kidney Injury by Treating with Allogeneic Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes
Authors: Li Weihui , Wang Wei , He Xin , Liao Zheng , Aierken Aili , Hua Jinlian , Wang Yan , Lu Dezhang , Zhang Shiqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease and can be generally divided into prerenal, in-trarenal, and postrenal AKI (PR-AKI). Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have protective function on prerenal and intrarenal AKI treatment, but whether they have therapeutic efficacy on PR-AKI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (ADMSCEs) on a cat model of PR-AKI. Methods: The cat models of PR-AKI were established by using artificial urinary occlusion and then treated with ADMSCEs. Histopathological section analysis, blood routine analysis, plasma biochemical test, imaging analysis, and plasma ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ADMSCEs.Results: Physiological and biochemical test showed that the ADMSCEs could recover creatinine, urea nitrogen and plasma phosphorus to homeostasis efficiently. Blood routine analysis showed that leukocytes in PR-AKI cats with ADMSCEs treatment returned to normal physio-logical range more quickly than that of control. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the plasma metabolome profile of PR-AKI cats treated with ADMSCEs was highly similar to that of normal cats. Furthermore, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis also revealed six metabolites (carnitine, melibiose, D−glucosamine, cytidine, dihydroorotic acid, stachyose) in plasma were highly correlated with the dynamic process of PR-AKI on cats and were potential novel targets for ADMSCEs therapy. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of ADMSCEs in the treatment of PR-AKI on cats, and provide valuable reference for translational medicine research on PR-AKI treatment in elderly patients with MSCs-derived exosomes in the future.
A molecular dynamics simulation study on mechanical properties of nanocellulose-graphene layered composites
Authors: xing-li zhang , Chen Zhiyue , Chen Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inspired by bioinspired layered materials with excellent mechanical and chemical property due to their interface cohesive force, a nanocellulose-graphene layered structure with covalent linkaged (C-C bond) is constructed. The mechanical properties are systematically studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in terms of the effects of temperature, strain rate and the covalent bond contents. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of layered nanocomposites are sensitive to temperature and much higher than these of the pristine nanocellulose at the same temperatures. They also increase significantly with the increase of strain rate and covalent bond coverage. The results showed significant improvements in the mechanical properties by addition of grapheme layers due to the covalent bonding interactions and Van der Waals force interactions at the interfaces. These findings can be useful in further modelling of other graphene-based polymers at the atomistic scales, which are critical for their potential applications as functional materials.
Optically addressable universal holonomic quantum gates on diamond spins
Authors: Sekiguchi Yuhei , Matsushita Kazuki , Kawasaki Yoshiki , Kosaka Hideo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spins in diamond are ideal for large-scale quantum processors and memories. Localized laser field offers spatial selectivity for electron spin manipulation through spin-obit coupling. However, it has been difficult to simultaneously achieve the precise and universal manipulation by itself. Here, we demonstrate microwave-driven holonomic quantum gates on an optically selected electron spin in a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The electron spin is precisely manipulated with global microwave tuned to the frequency shift induced by the local optical Stark effect. We show the universality of the operations, including state initialization, preparation, readout, and echo. We also generate optically addressable entanglement between the electron and adjacent nitrogen nuclear spin, thus satisfying the scalability requirement of qubits. High fidelity operations are achieved by amplitude-alternating pulse, which are tolerant to fluctuations in microwave intensity and detuning. These techniques enable site-selective quantum teleportation transfer from a photon to a nuclear spin memory, paving the way for the realization of distributed quantum computers and the quantum Internet with large-scale quantum storage.
Effect of lead ions on biochemical behavior of Cladophora glomerata in sterilized and non-sterilized media
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer , Asatekin Elif 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are under peril globally due to anthropogenic influences, most notably metals. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical responses of Cladophora glomerata obtained from a freshwater stream to various lead concentrations (0.0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg/L Pb2+) in sterilized and non-sterilized media. Pigments, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), hydrogen peroxide, and protein content of the green alga were determined in response to various growing conditions. Pb2+ stress had a detrimental effect not only on biochemical components of C. glomerata but also on the algal cell's shape and surface structure. High Pb2+ concentrations significantly decreased chlorophyll-a (from 1350 µg/g in non-sterilized and 1340 µg/g in sterilized media for the control group to 1067 µg/g in non-sterilized and 1049 µg/g in sterile media at 60 mg/L Pb2+) and protein content (from 34.47 mg/g for the sterilized and 35.89 mg/g for non-sterilized of the control to 24.82 mg/g for the sterilized and 26.18 mg/g for the non-sterilized at 60 mg/L Pb2+) of algal biomass but increased stress compounds (e.g., MDA, proline, and TPC). Variation in the macroalgal biomass composition was also indicated by FTIR analysis based on interactions between amino, amide, and anionic surface groups on the algal biomass and Pb2+ ions. Results indicate that this macroalga shows a broad tolerance to Pb2+ levels in non-sterile environments and that the biochemicals generated by C. glomerata may be used as biomarkers for oxidative metal stress, but further research is required.
Detection of the continuous gravitational wave of HM Cancri
Authors: Weidner Herbert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
HM Cancri is expected to be be one of the brightest sources of gravitational waves in our galaxy. Despite its known frequency, the radiation could not be detected so far. A novel technique can compensate for phase modulation and detect this CGW in the records of superconducting gravimeters beyond doubt. This novel observational window will allow a deeper understanding of the enigmatic stellar system.
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Concentration and Radiation Dose in Tanjung Enim’s Coal Mine, South Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhany Muhammad Farhan , Wijaya Gede Sutresna , Muharini Anung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Environmental radioactivity analysis has been carried out to determine the level of environmental radioactivity and the potential radiological hazards at Tanjung Enim’s coal mine. Gamma spectroscopy method has been carried out to identify radionuclides and their types of activity. The results of radionuclide concentration are used to determine the radiological hazard index and become input data for the Residual Radioactivity Onsite 7.2 application to determine the dose rate and long-term cancer potential received by workers in coal mines. The results obtained for the average concentration of radionuclide activity in coal samples are 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 72.468 Bq/kg, 86.905 Bq/kg, and 1802.049 Bq/kg, respectively. While the soil samples 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively 79.205 Bq/kg, 100.209 Bq/kg, and 1443.275 Bq/kg. The radionuclide concentrations of both samples exceeded the UNSCEAR and worldwide reported averages for coal and soil. The average radiological hazard index for coal samples, namely Raeq, Hin, and Hex, was 335.500 Bq/kg, 1.102, 0.906, respectively. While the soil samples were 333.636 Bq/kg, 1.115, and 0.901, respectively. The index parameter is already lower than the UNSCEAR recommendation except for Hin, so there is a potential radiological hazard in internal pathways such as respiratory and digestive organs for mining workers. The total annual effective dose rate based on 5 RESRAD-Onsite 7.2 pathways, namely external gamma, inhalation, radon, soil ingestion, and drinking water, is 1.675 mSv/year, exceeding the dose limits determined by ICRP, 1 mSv/year. The ELCR is 6.625×10− 3 which exceeds the UNSCEAR recommendation, 2.4×10− 4. Based on the results, it is necessary to intervene in the mining environment of the Tanjung Enim’s coal mine.
A Remarkable Case of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy, Candidiasis and Ectodermal Dystrophy Syndrome (APECED) misdiagnosed as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on admission
Authors: Aytac Gulcin , Guven Burcu , Aydın Ilyas , Topyildiz Ezgi , Aykut Ayca , Aksu Guzide , Durmaz Asude , Karaca Neslihan Edeer , Kutukculer Necil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: APACED is a syndrome characterized by autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy. The most often observed clinical findings are chronic mucucutaneous candidiasis, hypoparatiroidism and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. Case presentation: A three-year-old male patient admitted with classical signs of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and began to be treated with non-sterodial anti-inflammatory drugs. During follow-up, signs of autoimmunity, candidiasis, nail dystrophy and onychomycosis were observed. The parents were consangineous and Targeted Next Generation Sequencing was performed. A homozygous mutation in the AIRE gene SAND domain (c.769C>T, p. Arg257Ter) was detected and the patient was diagnosed as APACED syndrome. Conclusion: Inflammatory arthritis is rarely described in APECED cases and is often misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In APACED, non-classical symptoms such as arthritis may occur before developing classical symptoms. In patients with arthritis, considering about chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and signs of autoimmunity will be useful for early diagnosis of APACED before developing complications.
A unified in vitro to in vivo fluorescence lifetime screening platform yields amyloid β aggregation inhibitors
Authors: Collins Suil , Vliet Liisa van , Gielen Fabrice , Janeček Matej , Valladolid Sara Wagner , Poudel Chetan , Fusco Giuliana , De Simone Alfonso , Michel Claire , Kaminski Clemens , Spring David , Hollfelder Florian , Schierle Gabriele S Kaminski 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inhibiting the aggregation of amyloid β (1-42) is a promising strategy for the development of disease-modifying Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics. To date, however, no sufficiently efficacious inhibitors have been identified, despite the best efforts of >200 advanced drug development campaigns. This failure can be attributed to limitations in current compound screening and in vivo validation assays. Here, we report an in vitro to in vivo screening platform based on the use of a fluorescence lifetime aggregation sensor. The microfluidic “nanoFLIM” assay developed circumvents issues that plague conventional assays, such as lack of reproducibility, high cost and artefactual false read-outs. The fluorescence lifetime sensor can also dynamically monitor peptide aggregation in cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans disease models, providing directly comparable aggregation kinetics, which is not achievable by any other method. The power of this unified system for accelerating hit-to-lead strategies, lowering attrition rates and expediting in vivo screening, was demonstrated with a pilot screening campaign of 445 compounds, revealing a new inhibitor that can inhibit amyloid β self-assembly in vitro as well as in cellular and whole organism disease models.
Tryptophan Metabolism is a Physiological Integrator Regulating Circadian Rhythms
Authors: Petrus Paul , Cervantes Marlene , Samad Muntaha , Sato Tomoki , Chao Alina , Sato Shogo , Koronowski Kevin , Park Grace , Alam Yasmine , Mejhert Niklas , Seldin Marcus , Kuhn Jose Monroy , Dyar Kenneth , Lutter Dominik , Baldi Pierre , Kaiser Peter , Jang Cholsoon , Sassone-Corsi Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The circadian clock aligns physiology with the 24-hour rotation of Earth. Light and food are the main environmental cues (zeitgebers) regulating circadian rhythms in mammals. Yet, little is known about the interaction between specific dietary components and light in coordinating circadian homeostasis. Herein, we focused on essential amino acids and identified tryptophan as a key circadian modulator. Through a multi-omics approach and combinatory diet/light interventions, we demonstrated that tryptophan metabolism modulates temporal regulation of metabolism and transcription programs by buffering photic cues. Specifically, tryptophan metabolites regulate central circadian functions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the core clock machinery in the liver. Taken together, our findings propose tryptophan metabolism as a potential point for pharmacologic intervention to modulate phenotypes associated with disrupted circadian rhythms.
Microvascular Changes After Scleral Buckling For Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Fallico Matteo , Longo Antonio , Avitabile Teresio , Alosi Pietro , Grillo Marco , Castellino Niccolò , Bonfiglio Vincenza , Reibaldi Michele , Russo Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This retrospective study aimed at investigating macular microvascular alterations after successful scleral buckling (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Nine-teen eyes with macula-on RRD and 18 eyes with macula-off RRD were included. In all cases an encircling band was placed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed at baseline and postoperatively. Changes in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were the primary outcome. Correlations between OCTA findings and clinical variables were considered as secondary outcome. In both macula-on and macula-off groups, FAZ area was comparable with controls. In the macula-on group, VD in the whole SCP was lower compared with controls at both baseline (P < 0.001) and 6 months (P = 0.03), but showed a significant increase after surgery (P = 0.004). In the macula-off group, postoperative VD in both whole SCP and whole DCP was lower compared with controls (P < 0.001). In the macula-on group, there was an inverse correlation between axial length increase and SCP VD change (r=-0.508;P = 0.03). These findings demonstrated microvascular alterations after SB for RRD. However, VD impairment seems to mitigate after the surgery. A greater increase in postoperative axial length was associated with a poorer VD outcome.
Predicted diversity in water contents of Earth-like rocky exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs
Authors: Kimura Tadahiro , Ikoma Masahiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A majority of stars in the solar neighbourhood are M dwarfs with subsolar mass and luminosity. Recent exoplanet surveys around M dwarfs have detected a growing number of exoplanets with Earth-like insolation. Those exoplanets are expected to include habitable planets with temperate climates. Climatology, however, indicates that planetary habitability requires not only moderate stellar insolation but also an appropriate amount of seawater. Previous models of planetary population synthesis predict that terrestrial planets orbiting in the habitable zone around M dwarfs have no water or too much water, leading to a discouraging conclusion that habitable planets are pretty rare around M dwarfs. Here we develop a new planetary population synthesis model, introducing updated theories for several components of the planet formation process and the effects of water vapour enrichment in the primordial atmosphere of nebular origin; such enrichment can occur through water production by oxidation of the atmospheric hydrogen with rocky materials from incoming planetesimals and the magma ocean. Our state-of-the-art model of planetary population synthesis yields rocky planets with a wide range of water content. In particular, the water production in the primordial atmosphere is found to significantly impact the occurrence of Earth-like aqua planets. Our results suggest that aqua planets with appropriate amounts of seawater for temperate climates will be normally found around M dwarfs, encouraging efforts of M dwarf habitable planet search, in contrast to the prediction of the previous models.
Comparative developmental toxicity of 3-5 ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to zebrafish embryos and the possible reason
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhang Ying , Zheng Jingyan , Wang Chonggang , Chen Rong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive pollutants in the environment. To compare the developmental toxicity of PAHs with different ring numbers to fish embryos, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pyrene (Pyr) and phenanthrene (Phe) were selected as the representatives of 3, 4 and 5-ringed PAHs, and fertilized embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 5 nM PAHs for 72h. The PAH-treated embryos showed cardiac abnormalities and dysfunction and defects in craniofacial cartilage. The order of toxicity to the development of craniofacial cartilage and heart rate was Phe > Pyr > BaP. The transcription of genes related to cardiac development was up-regulated, while the transcription of genes related to the development of craniofacial cartilage was downregulated. The GC-MS/MS detection showed that bioaccumulation of BaP in the exposed embryos was two orders of magnitude lower than that of Phe and Pyr. The activity of ethoxyresorcinol-o-deethyl enzyme was activated by the three PAHs, but glutathione-S-transferases activity was significantly induced in the Phe and Pyr treatments. It is suggested that the more uptake and accumulation of Phe and Pyr could be one of the reasons for their greater toxicity to development in early stage embryos.
Mass spectral molecular networking to decode the chemical space of biostimulant Bacillus strains
Authors: Nephali Lerato , Steenkamp Paul , Burgess Karl , Huyser Johan , Brand Margaretha , Hooft Justin van der , Tugizimana Fidele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Beneficial soil microbes like plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) significantly contribute to plant growth and development through various mechanisms activated by plant-PGPR interactions. However, decoding this belowground chemical intercommunication is still enigmatic, thus hindering the use of PGPR formulations for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we report the application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking (MN) to interrogate and profile the intracellular chemical space of PGPR Bacillus strains: B. laterosporus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis 1001 and B. licheniformis M017 and their consortium. The results revealed differential and diverse chemistries in the four Bacillus strains when grown separately, and also differing from when grown as a consortium. MolNetEnhancer networks revealed 11 differential molecular families that are comprised of lipids and lipid-like molecules, benzenoids, nucleotide-like, and organic acids and derivatives. Consortium and B. amyloliquefaciens were characterized by the high abundance of surfactins, whereas B. licheniformis strains were characterized by the unique presence of lichenysins. Thus, this work demonstrates that the application of metabolome mining tools offers unique opportunities to map the microbial chemical space, thus providing unprecedented access and insights to molecular information of microbial systems. Such fundamental knowledge is essential for the informed future formulation of PGPR-based biostimulants.