bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Fall, 1981
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 5 Oct in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida’s Agricultural Research and Education Center in Sanfbrd. Furadan 10G 2 lb (AI)/acre and Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre were incorporated at planting time in a 15 inch band for nematode and weed control, respectively. A plot consisted of one 50-ft row with 12-inch plant spacing. Plots were separated by 2 untreated rows (row spacing was 30 inches). Treatments were replicated in randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; 1 overhead (TX 24) and 1 drop (TX 12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gap with a boom pressure of about 40 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Sprays were applied 27 Oct, 4, 12, and 15 Nov. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 19 Nov as follows: 0 = no damage; 1 = etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 2 = light bud damage; 3 = severe bud damage; and 4 = bud completely destroyed. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 inches tall; the stage considered most susceptahle to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Only the percentage of plants showing ratings of 3 and 4 were included in the table since the lower ratings were not considered a threat to the plant.
Whorl Applications to Control Fall Armyworm in Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Whalen J. , Vanderhoef H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 29 Jun near Georgetown, DE. Plots were 4 rows wide on 40-inch centers and 20 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 7-inch band over the whorl. Foliar treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO2 pressurized sprayer using 1 nozzle per row delivering 69 gal/acre at 40 psi on 26 Jul. Ten plant whorls were removed from each plot, unrolled, and the number of infested plants were counted.
Foliar and Fruit Insect Control, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Black Magic’ eggplant was transplanted 6 Jun near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of a single row, 10-ft long on 44-inch centers. Terraclor 75WP was added to the transplant water. Black plastic was used as a mulch in all plots. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO, pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle (HC 17 70°) delivering 50 gal/acre at 60 psi. One cup of transplant water/plant was used for those treatments applied at transplanting. Foliar treatments were applied 12, 18 and 25 Jul. Colorado potato beetles (CPB) and aphid infestations were evaluated 12 Jul, foliar damage was evaluated 19 Jul and worm damage to fruit was evaluated 22 Aug.
Insect Control on Fall Kale, 1984
Authors: Criswell Jim T. , Karner Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kale was planted 29 Aug. Plots consisted of three 3-m rows with 0.3 m between rows. A randomized complete block design was used and plots were replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied 19 Oct and 29 Oct. Thiodan was applied on 19 Oct only. Delivery rate was 30 gal/acre with a CO2 sprayer at 30 psi. Samples were taken by clipping 0.3 m of the center row of each plot and inspecting for larvae. Rainfall 27 Oct (2.25 inches).
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Diflurenzuron (DIMILIN), 1984
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Tetrault R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-four mushroom growing trays (0.37m2 X 0.15m), each containing 22.6 kg (72% water) of deammoniated and pasteurized Phase II wheat-straw-bedded horse manure, were individually spawned with llOg of light cream mushroom spawn (MGA #801) and placed into a single mushroom production room. During the spawn run 480 female sciarids were released into the production room and an additional 1000 females 26 days alter spawning. For the test, Dimilin 25W at a formulation rate of 412 g/100m2 was applied as a drench to the casing surface in the first casing water application. Three pasteurized casing materials were used: (1) Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss, (2) mineral soil, and (3) mixture of weathered spent compost and Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss (1:1, by volume). Evaluation of diflubenzuron to control sciarid larvae in each casing type was measured through yield assessment and larval sampling in the casing.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes with Foliar Sprays, 1984
Authors: Bowman James S. , Everich Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study site was located on the Rodonis Farm, Litchfield, New Hampshire, where resistance to several registered insecticides has been reported. Katahdin’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows spaced 3 ft apart on 17 May ’84. Each plot consisted of two 25-ft rows and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Spray applications were begun on 15 Jun ’84 when the plants began to emerge and adult beetles were present and laying eggs. Spray applications were repeated on 26, 29 Jun, 9, 19, 30 Jul and 8 Aug ’84 for all treatments except 1 of the CME 13406 3-oz treatment which was extended to 20-day intervals between sprays instead of the conventional 10-day interval. Applications were made with a B&G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 32 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5-ft hand-held boom with 4 nozzles which covered 2 rows. A light rain following the 26 Jun application made it necessary to repeat the application on 29 Jun. Evaluations were made on 2, 12 Jul and 14 Aug by counting the live larvae in each plot (50 ft row) that are visible from above without disturbing the foliage. On 14 Aug ’84 a damage rating assessment was made using the M. Semel system of: L = visible feeding but less than 10% of foliage consumed; M = 10-25%; S = 26-50%; VS = greater than 51% but not totally defoliated; DEF = defoliated. Yields were taken on 6 and 7 Sep ’84 by hand digging and weighing the potatoes from 10 ft of row in each plot.
Apple, Timed Insecticide Treatments for Control of the Leafroller Complex, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to mature York trees in a comparative test on 21 Jun, 29 Jun, 16 Aug and 28 Aug. Single tree treatments were used in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Because of high mite populations, Vendex 4F 8 fl oz/ 100 gal was added to all treatments on 21 Jun and 29 Jun. A preliminary evaluation of leafroller injury to fruit was done on 15 Aug by checking 50 apples/ replicate. Fruit were examined on trees and total injuries by first generation leafrollers were recorded. Fruit samples (100/rep) were harvested and examined on 2 Oct for leafroller injury.
Foliar Applications of Insecticides for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Pavek Diane , Baird Craig 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 10 May ’84 in declo silt loam soil at the Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID. The plots consisted of four 25-ft rows planted 36 inches apart. Thirty treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were applied 6 Jul with a hand held, 2-row 4-flat fan nozzle, CO2 pressurized sprayer, calibrated to deliver 13 gal/acre at 30 psi. Canola treatments were applied with a battery powered Micron Corporation HERBI sprayer. Colorado potato beetle populations from each plot were sampled 1 day before and 1, 3, 7 days after spraying by counting live larvae that were visible without disturbing the foliage of the middle 2 rows of each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potato, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 28 Apr near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-inch centers. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 6 Jun. Number of larvae and % defoliation were evaluated on 6 Jun and 16 Jun.
Potato, Wireworm Control with Dyfonate, Thimet and Vapam, Moxee, WA, 1983
Authors: Toba H. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted in a solid-set sprinkler-irrigated field of potatoes to evaluate treatments for reducing wireworm damage. The soil type was Cleman very fine sandy loam (Aridic Haploxeroll) with a pH of 6.6-7.8 and an organic matter content of 1-2%. On 25 Mar, ’83, seven wireworms were found in 50 soil samples obtained in the test area with a posthole digger to a depth of at least 18 inches. One treatment of Vapain was applied as a drench in fall (1 Nov, 1982) and another in spring (18 Mar, 1983). Vapam (73 oz) was diluted in 311 gal water and the entire volume was sprinkled on a plot, an equivalent of 50 gal Vapam/acre in 1-acre-inch of water. Preplant broadcast (PPB) applications of Dyfonate were also made in fall (2 Nov, 1982) and in spring (18 Apr, 1983) by broadcasting the granules with a hand-operated spreader, and the plots were rototilled to a depth of 4-6 inches immediately after application. On 27 Apr, at-plant seed-piece furrow (APF) applications of Dyfonate and Thimet were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter by placing 1-inch bands of granules in the planter shoe, level with and directly ahead of the seed pieces. Each treatment plot measured 30 ft long and 11.3 ft wide (4 rows, 34-inch spacing), and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Adjacent plots were separated laterally by 2 border rows. On 13 Oct, tuber samples were harvested from the 2 center rows of each plot (ca. 15 ft/row). Expressed as % of tubers by weight, an injured tuber was one with any wireworm feeding, and a damaged tuber was one with any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes.
Relative Toxicities of Insecticides to Entomophagous Insects and Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae, 1982
Authors: Wilkinson J. D. , Puttier B. , Biever K.D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted with 12 inch (30.48 cm) spacing in 50 ft (15.38 m) rows 36 inches (0.914 m) apart on “Prairie Winds” farm south of Prairie Home, MO. The test compounds were applied 17 Aug to 12 ft (3.7 m) sections of adjacent rows, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The sprays were applied with a 2-gal (7.57 1) hand held compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre (935.27 1/ha) 30 psi (2.09 g/cm2). Just prior to spray application, 1 laboratory reared Colorado potato beetle (CPB) egg mass 8-24 h old was attached to the underside of the first large leaf down from the terminal of 2 plants in each replicate. Ten adult E. puttleri or 3rd instar P. maculiventris were released on a plant to which the CPB eggs had been attached ca. 3 h post application. The attached CPB eggs were recovered 3 days posttreatment to assess effects of the compounds on predation, and host feeding and parasitization by E. puttleri. Evaluation criteria were direct counts of number CPB larvae/4 plants, and number hatched, collapsed, or parasitized CPB eggs from the released CPB eggs/2 plants/rep.
Squash Vine Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Yellow Straightneck’ squash was planted 3 Jun near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Each plot consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-inch centers. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle delivering 50 gal/acre at 60 psi. Applications were made 7, 12, 18 and 25 Jul. The number of squash vine borer entry points was evaluated on 1 Aug.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes with Vydate and Pydrin, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were planted bare root in 35 ft rows on 29 May ’84. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on one side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Foliar spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at a rate of 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied with a custom built row crop sprayer equipped with 6 drop nozzles per row. The sprayer was tractor drawn and equipped with a PTO driven pump. Foliar sprays were applied 5, 12, 19, 26 Jun, and 3 Jul. Transplant water treatments were applied at the rate of 400 gal of water/acre (7 oz/plant) on 29 May. Bed drench treatments were planted on 29 May but the plants were drenched on 25 May. Vydate 2L was applied as a drench (100 gal/2,000 sq ft) to tomato transplants in the bed with a water sprinkler can at 0, 1, 2 and 4 pt/100 gal water. Soil surface temp was 70°F and at the 6-inch depth it was 60°F at time of transplanting. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the no. of Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 16 Aug.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on 2 Feb ’84 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. Bravo 500 (1.5 qt/acre) was applied weekly and Benlate (1 lb/acre) was applied for 2 consecutive wks when the plants initiated blooming. There were 6 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from 8 Mar to 2 May for a total of 9 applications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On 3 Apr the total no. of leafmines and live leafminer larvae per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from terminal) were counted from 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on 8 May. The % fruit damaged by southern green stink bug and southern armyworm was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. All insect populations were normal.
Phytotoxicity of Two Insecticides on Watermelon, 1984
Authors: Farrar Charles A. , Perring Thomas M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Watermelon seeds were planted 13 Tun on 90-inch centers and plants were furrow irrigated. Plots were 4 rows wide by 35 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 2 rates each of 2 materials and an untreated check replicated 4 times. The middle 2 rows of the plots were treated weekly beginning 2 Aug. Four applications of Pounce (through 23 Aug) and 8 of resmethrin (through 20 Sep) were made. Spray applications were made using a 2-row handheld CO2-driven backpack sprayer which was calibrated to deliver 24 gal/acre @ 40 psi. On 27 Sep plots were rated in terms of 5 criteria. At 4 sites in each plot foliage in a 1-m-diam circle was scored on a scale of 0 to 3, the lower figure representing no damage. The characters rated were leaf russeting and the presence of necrotic spots on the leaves. Also, within that circle fruit was rated on the same scale for surface injury. Fruit counts were taken from the center 2 rows of each plot and each plot was rated according to % damage to the overall stand.
Control of Spotted Alfalfa Aphids and Pea Aphids with Foliar Sprays in Idaho, 1984
Authors: Baird C. R. , Frohlich D. R. , Blackmer J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar insecticide sprays were applied to blooming alfalfa on 26 Jun 1984. Treatment plots were .01 acre (21 ft X 21 ft), 4 replicates arranged in randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied using a CO2 back pack sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Evaluations were conducted using a 15-inch diam sweep net with 5 (90°) sweeps per plot.
Alfalfa, Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1984
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Kirfman G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted near Gallatin, Mo, on a pure stand of stubble alfalfa. Sprays were applied-on 18 Jul ’84 to 60 by 60 ft plots with 3 replications. Grasshopper composition was 90% differential grasshoppers. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles on a 20-ft spray boom. Evaluations were made by taking twenty 180° sweeps with a 15-inch diam sweep net at 24 h, 5 and 13 days posttreatment. Conditions at treatment were 88° F with 3 mph winds. Data were transformed by X + 0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control, Minnesota, 1984
Authors: Stucker D. S. , Radcliffe E. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station on the first regrowth of third year ‘Pacer’ alfalfa. Plots were 52 ft X 52 ft in size, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer on 8 Jim in 38 gal/acre at 300 psi. Samples were taken 1 day posttreatment, 3 days posttreatment, and 14 days posttreatment using a 15-inch diam sweep-net and taking 20 pendulum sweeps per plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides and Molluskicides for Control of Slugs in No-Till Corn, 1984
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design in a commercial field at St Georges, DE. Each plot was 10 ft wide (4 rows) by 20 ft long with a 5-ft buffer at the end of each plot. The field was planted 10 May and the treatments were applied 24 May (at the third leaf stage). The treatments: Mesurol, Borderland Black, Fenvalerate technical, and Amdro oil were mixed with fine cracked corn and applied broadcsat. Zectran on an apple pumice bait was also broadcast. Broot was applied as a 7-inch band over the row using a Noble applicator. Deadline was applied using a hand sprayer with the nozzle removed to increase the flowability of the product through the hand wand. Droplets the size of quarters were placed 3-inches away from the rows with the droplets spaced 12-inthes along both sides of the row. SAN 410 I SC72 (Bt with Exotoxin) was applied using a backpack sprayer. The boom used had 3 nozzles per row with a spacing of 15-inches and was calibrated to deliver 62 gal/acre at 40 psi of pressure. CO2 was used as the propellant. Injury ratings and slug counts were taken 5, 8, and 11 days after treatments were applied. The injury ratings were taken from all the plants located 17.6 ft in the center 2 rows of each plot. Slug counts were taken randomly from 5 plants in this same area. Slugs were counted if they were on the plant, or were within 2-inches of the base of the plant under the corn residue mulch.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar and planting time treatments of registered and experimental insecticides to control first generation European corn borer larvae were evaluated in a fall plowed, spring disked field in Champaign, IL. Corn (B73 x M017) was planted in 60-inch rows (so as to accommodate a tractor during insecticide application) on 8 May. Each insecticide treatment consisted of a single 30-ft row arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Seeds treated with UC 80502 were planted at the same time the remainder of the plot was planted. The planting time treatment of Furadan 15G was applied in a 7-inch band over the row one day after planting with a Noble metering unit attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator equipped with drag chains. Forty plants in each treatment (10 plants per treatment by 4 reps) were artificially infested with approximately 30 freshly hatched larvae on 20 Jun and again on 21 Jun. Mean extended leaf height of these plants on 21 Jun was 46 inches. A 15% natural infestation of first generation European corn borer larvae also existed in the plot. The foliar insecticides were applied on 27 Jun, just as larvae were beginning to tunnel into the plants. Liquid foliar insecticides were applied directly over the plant whorls with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (8002 even flat fan nozzle, 3.0 ft/s, 20 psi, 10 gal of water/acre based on a row width of 40 inches). Granular foliar insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band directly over the plant whorls with Noble metering units driven by an tractor-mounted electric drive. Infested plants were evaluated for corn borer damage (number of cavities) on 23 Jul by splitting the stalks from the tassel to the ground of 20 plants from each treatment (5 plants per treatment by 4 reps).
Corn Rootworm Larval Control in Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Ostlie Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time applications of soil insecticides were evaluated for their perfor-mance against corn rootworm larvae at 3 locations in Minnesota. The experimental design of each test was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots measured 4 rows x 55 ft. Granular insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band over the center 2 rows of each plot using modified Noble metering units and were lightly incorporated. Fields were planted on 11, 17, and 22 May at Morris, Waseca, and Lamberton, respectively. Rootworm feeding damage was rated on 5 washed roots per plot using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale (1 = no feeding, 6 = 3 nodes of roots completely destroyed). Damage ratings were made on 26 Jul, 1 Aug and 2 Aug at Waseca, Morris, and Lamberton, respectively. Yields were determined by machine-harvesting 1/290 acre and converting yields to No. 2 shelled corn at 15.5% moisture. Rainfall from planting to 1 Jul exceeded normal levels at all three sites, but particularly at Lamberton. Cumulative rainfall was recorded at 7.26, 8.51, and 7.33 inches compared to normal levels of 6.08, 4.65, and 6.62 inches at Morris, Lamberton, and Waseca, respectively.
Laboratory Evaluations of Insecticides Against Carmine Spider Mites on Cotton, 1984
Authors: Treacy Michael F. , Hanna Ralph L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A completely randomized 2 factor factorial experiment was conducted in the laboratory to determine the effectiveness of an organophosphate, Azodrin, and a synthetic pyrethroid, FMC 54800, against adult female carmine spider mites under different constant temperatures. The mites were collected from cotton fields in the College Station, Texas area and reared on cotton seedlings for 6 mo prior to beginning the study. Individual cotton plants were grown to the second true leaf stage and were then infested with the cultured mites. The method of infestation consisted of clipping a leaf from a cotton seedling and transferring it, and the mites on it, to a test plant. The infested plants were held 48 h in a temperature cabinet to acclimate the mites to the test conditions (i.e. constant 26.5 or 32°C, 65% relative humidity and a 14:10 h fluorescent lamp photo: scotopha.se). Following a pre-treatment count of adult female mites, the insecticides were applied to the plants with a modified hand held sprayer calibrated (at 25 psi) to deliver ca. 6 gal per acre. At 72 h post-treatment, the plants were inspected for the presence of live mites to determine the efficacy of the pesticides. The experiment consisted of 4 replications of each treatment combination with 5 mite infested plants per replicate.