bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fluvial instability on the bed morphology in vegetated channels
Authors: Penna Nadia , Coscarella Francesco , D’Ippolito Antonino , Gaudio Roberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Flume experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of streambed instability in channels with randomly-distributed vegetation, varying vegetation density and flow conditions, in the absence of upstream sediment supply. The bed morphology is captured with the photogrammetry technique and a Laser Scanner, and its changes with the vegetation and flow conditions are investigated. The results demonstrate that the presence of vegetation contributes in promoting the stability of the streambed and the formation of multiple bars. In runs with low vegetation density, the trajectory of sediment transport is predominantly in the longitudinal direction. However, a slight lateral dispersion of sediments is observed in the run with low flow discharge. By increasing the vegetation density, the bed structures become shorter, with a lower wavelength, than before, but with a similar trend. The analysis of the energy spectra and the high-order generalized structure functions of bed elevation fluctuations demonstrates that the bed surfaces are monofractals and can be described by a single exponent. However, the runs affected also by a lateral dispersion of sediments during the sediment transport phase are characterized by multifractality, which implies that a complex bed morphology at small spatial lags occurs at the end of these runs. The study of the two-dimensional (2D) second-order structure functions demonstrates that the bed is characterized by an anisotropic behavior, with flow-aligned bed structures that reflect the way in which the bed was formed.

Article Highlights

Vegetation contributes in promoting the stability of the streambed

Multiple bars are formed in vegetated channels with different wavelengths, depending on the flow and the vegetation density conditions

Bed surfaces in the presence of vegetation are monofractals, except those in which lateral sediment transport occurs
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of a Community Doula Program for Black and Pacific Islander Pregnant People in San Francisco: Findings from a Partnered Process Evaluation
Authors: Marshall Cassondra , Arteaga Stephanie , Arcara Jennet , Cuentos Alli , Armstead Marna , Jackson Andrea , Manchikanti Gómez Anu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreasingly, community-based models of doula care are receiving attention as possible interventions to address racial inequities in maternal health care experiences and outcomes. In 2018, community-based organization SisterWeb launched to provide free culturally congruent community doula care to advance birth equity for Black and Pacific Islander pregnant people, with funding from the San Francisco Department of Public Health. We conducted a process evaluation of SisterWeb’s first 1.5 years of existence to identify multilevel barriers and facilitators to implementation of their programs.MethodsGuided by the Equitable Evaluation Framework™, we conducted 46 in-depth interviews with individuals from 5 groups: SisterWeb leadership, doulas, doula mentors, and clients, and external stakeholders.ResultsBarriers included having diverse clientele groups with unique needs, an ineffective payment model, and simultaneously building an organization and developing and implementing programs. Facilitators included the presence of established strategic partnerships, positive reception of services due to an unmet need for culturally and linguistically congruent pregnancy and birth support among SisterWeb’s clients, a clear organizational vision and mission, and a unique doula cohort model.DiscussionOur findings suggest developing community doula programs pay close attention to the difference between launching aprogramversus anorganization, including the required resources of each, the sustainability of payment models for community doulas, and the provision of culturally relevant, needed services within priority communities. Furthermore, strategic partnerships with maternal health stakeholders in birthing sites, particularly hospitals, are vital to the success of a community doula program.
The impact of loneliness and social isolation on health state utility values: a systematic literature review
Authors: Majmudar Ishani K. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Brijnath Bianca , Lim Michelle H. , Hall Natasha Yvonne , Engel Lidia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Loneliness and social isolation are recognised as social problems and denote a significant health burden. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to explore the health state utility values (HSUVs) associated with loneliness and/or social isolation.

Method
Peer-reviewed journals published in English language that reported both HSUVs along with loneliness and/or social isolation scores were identified through five databases. No restrictions were made relating to the population, study design or utility estimation method used.

Results
In total, 19 papers were included; 12 included a measure of loneliness, four studies included a measure of social isolation and three studies considered both loneliness and social isolation. All studies focused on individuals with pre-existing health conditions—where the EQ-5D-3L instrument was most frequently used to assess HSUVs. HSUVs ranged from 0.5 to 0.95 in those who reported not being lonely, 0.42 to 0.97 in those who experienced some level of loneliness, 0.3 to 0.87 in those who were socially isolated and 0.63 to 0.94 in those who were not socially isolated.

Conclusion
There was significant variation in HSUVs complicated by the presence of co-morbidities, population heterogeneity, variations in methods used to derive utility scores and differences in the measurement of loneliness and/or social isolation. Nevertheless, the lower HSUVs observed should be considered to significantly impact quality of life, though we also note the need for further research to explore the unique impact of loneliness and social isolation on HSUVs that can be used in the future economic evaluations.
School beyond stratification: Internal goods, alienation, and an expanded sociology of education
Authors: Guhin Jeffrey , Klett Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSociologists of education often emphasize goods that result from a practice (external goods) rather than goods intrinsic to a practice (internal goods). The authors draw from John Dewey and Alasdair MacIntyre to describe how the same practice can be understood as producing “skills” that center external goods or as producing habits (Dewey) or virtues (MacIntyre), both of which center internal goods. The authors situate these concepts within sociology of education’s stratification paradigm and a renewed interest in the concept of alienation, contrasting the concepts of skills, habits, and virtues to capital, credentials, and habitus. They close by connecting the argument to broader critiques of procedural liberalism and the ideology of meritocracy, then giving suggestions for an expanded sociology of education beyond the stratification paradigm.
Comparative Na and K Mercury and Moon Exospheres
Authors: Leblanc F. , Schmidt C. , Mangano V. , Mura A. , Cremonese G. , Raines J. M. , Jasinski J. M. , Sarantos M. , Milillo A. , Killen R. M. , Massetti S. , Cassidy T. , Vervack R. J. , Kameda S. , Capria M. T. , Horanyi M. , Janches D. , Berezhnoy A. , Christou A. , Hirai T. , Lierle P. , Morgenthaler J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSodium and, in a lesser way, potassium atomic components of surface-bounded exospheres are among the brightest elements that can be observed from the Earth in our Solar System. Both species have been intensively observed around Mercury, the Moon and the Galilean Moons. During the last decade, new observations have been obtained thanks to space missions carrying remote and in situ instrumentation that provide a completely original view of these species in the exospheres of Mercury and the Moon. They challenged our understanding and modelling of these exospheres and opened new directions of research by suggesting the need to better take into account the relationship between the surface-exosphere and the magnetosphere. In this paper, we first review the large set of observations of Mercury and the Moon Sodium and Potassium exospheres. In the second part, we list what it tells us on the sources and sinks of these exospheres focusing in particular on the role of their magnetospheres of these objects and then discuss, in a third section, how these observations help us to understand and identify the key drivers of these exospheres.
Der Algorithmus, meine Arbeit und Ich – Einfluss von Algorithmen auf Content Creator:innen der Video Plattform YouTube
Authors: Albiez Milena 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ nimmt auf den Einfluss von Algorithmen der Video-Plattform YouTube auf den Arbeitsalltag von Content-Creator:innen Bezug. Für den Aufbau eines erfolgreichen, also Abonnent:innen-starken Kanals und einer beruflichen Tätigkeit als Content-Creator:in, müssen YouTuber:innen sich der Wirkweisen der eingesetzten Algorithmen bewusst sein. Es wird dargestellt, welchen Einfluss Spracherkennungs- und Analysealgorithmen auf die Sprache und das Verhalten vor der Kamera haben und welcher Logik die von YouTube eingesetzten Algorithmen zu folgen scheinen. Haupt- und nebenberufliche YouTuber:innen sind von YouTube, Änderungen in den Wirkweisen der Algorithmen und technischen Störungen in gewisser Weise abhängig. Diese Abhängigkeit und gefühlte Machtlosigkeit kann unter bestimmten Umständen zu einer übermäßigen beruflichen Belastung führen und eine Ursache für einen Burnout sein. Im Widerspruch zur Abhängigkeit wird die Tätigkeit als Content Creator:in gleichzeitig auch als große Freiheit wahrgenommen.
Impact of clean cooking fuel adoption on women’s welfare in India: the mediating role of women’s autonomy
Authors: Akter Sonia , Pratap Chitra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile the health and environmental benefits of adopting clean cooking fuel are widely documented in the literature, the immediate and direct benefit—women’s time-saving for fuel collection/preparation and cooking—has received little or no attention. Using panel data from 6 energy-poor Indian states involving about 9000 households, we test whether liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) adoption enhances women’s welfare by reducing fuel collection/preparation and cooking time and improving the overall cooking experience through a convenient and efficient cooking arrangement. We also explore the association between women’s participation in decision-making and the likelihood of LPG adoption and refill. The findings reveal that LPG adopters save time by collecting firewood less frequently and preparing fewer pieces of dung cake than non-adopters. Additionally, LPG adopters save 15 min of cooking time per day than non-adopters. Finally, LPG adoption makes the cooking experience more convenient and simpler than traditional cooking fuel. Women’s sole or joint decision-making power is positively correlated with LPG adoption and refilling LPG cylinders. These findings imply that the true social benefit of clean cooking fuel adoption is much greater than the welfare gain accrued through greenhouse gas mitigation and health benefits from cleaner air. However, these positive externalities are less likely to be internalized in fuel choice decisions in households where women do not participate in important household decision-making.
Abscisic acid is involved in several processes associated with root system architecture in maize
Authors: Friero Iván , Alarcón M. Victoria , Gordillo Lucía , Salguero Julio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudies concerning abscisic acid (ABA) involvement in root system architecture (RSA) and the interaction of ABA with auxin have reported contrasting results. In this study, the effects of exogenous ABA application and withdrawal as well as a combined treatment of ABA with the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were thoroughly investigated in maize. The results showed that ABA reduced both the primary root (PR) elongation and the lateral root density (LRD), whereas NAA inhibited PR elongation but increased LRD. The combined treatment involving ABA and NAA inhibited PR elongation. Regarding ABA withdrawal, PR elongation was restored when ABA was removed from the growth media, but LRD was not restored after ABA withdrawal. However, the results of the combined treatment showed that auxin can reverse the inhibitory effect of ABA on LRD. A more in-depth analysis revealed that the inhibitory effect of ABA on lateral root (LR) formation depends on the stage of development. Exogenously added ABA blocked the development of lateral root primordia (LRPs) in the early stages, but was unable to inhibit the elongation of developed LRPs. These results suggest that ABA arrests the formation of LRPs rather than the growth and emergence of LRPs and their subsequent elongation.
Colesevelam ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity in mice
Authors: Hartmann Phillipp , Duan Yi , Miyamoto Yukiko , Demir Münevver , Lang Sonja , Hasa Elda , Stern Patrick , Yamashita Dennis , Conrad Mary , Eckmann Lars , Schnabl Bernd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bile acid dysregulation is a pivotal part in their pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam in a microbiome-humanized mouse model of diet-induced obesity and steatohepatitis.

Methods
Germ-free C57BL/6 mice were associated with stool from patients with NASH and subjected to 20 weeks of Western diet feeding with and without colesevelam.

Results
Colesevelam reduced Western diet-induced body and liver weight gain in microbiome-humanized mice compared with controls. It ameliorated Western diet-induced hepatic inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis and insulin resistance. Colesevelam increased de novo bile acid synthesis and decreased hepatic cholesterol content in microbiome-humanized mice fed a Western diet. It further induced the gene expression of the antimicrobials Reg3g and Reg3b in the distal small intestine and decreased plasma levels of LPS.

Conclusions
Colesevelam ameliorates Western diet-induced steatohepatitis and obesity in microbiome-humanized mice.
Transition from School to Work – Explaining Persistence Intention in Vocational Education and Training in Switzerland
Authors: Findeisen Stefanie , Jüttler Andreas , Neuenschwander Markus P. , Schumann Stephan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVocational education and training (VET) programs are typically regarded as the means to enable successful school-to-work transitions. However, high rates of premature contract terminations in VET programs suggest that adolescents face difficulties during this transition. This paper aims to examine the determinants of persistence intention, claiming that persistence intention is a crucial indicator of imminent dropout decisions. The analysis is based on a longitudinal data set of trainees in dual VET programs in Switzerland (n = 1,163) containing two measurement points (before and after the transition from school to VET). Drawing on Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent & Brown, 2008, 2013), we are interested in the effects of work adjustment indicators, selected characteristics of the vocational choice process, and environmental support before and after the transition on trainees’ persistence intention. We use structural equation modeling to analyze both direct and indirect effects of different predictor variables on persistence intention. The results show significantly positive effects of both occupational self-efficacy and perceived person-vocation fit during the training program on trainees’ persistence intention. Moreover, there are only indirect effects of anticipated person-vocation fit and occupational self-efficacy at the end of compulsory education. Trainees’ relationship with the trainer also has an indirect effect on persistence intention. Social integration in the workplace is both directly and indirectly linked to persistence intention. Overall, the model explains 48% of the variance in persistence intention. Implications for VET programs and future research are discussed.
Now or never? Temporal framing in risk messages and the moderating effect of comparative optimism
Authors: Praxmarer-Carus Sandra , Wieluch Marina I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRisk messages inform consumers about relevant risks and typically recommend preventive behaviors such as being more physically active or taking out occupational disability insurance. Often, the appeals include some form of time reference, such as “find out about disability insurance this month” or “find out about disability insurance this year”. In general, the effects of such proximal compared to distal time references on compliance intention may be positive or negative, and we examine how the effects depend on consumers’ comparative optimism. In two studies in the context of occupational disability insurance, proximal temporal framing proved more effective than distal framing among comparative optimists but not among nonoptimists. We recommend that when targeting comparative optimists, risk message designers should use proximal temporal framing in their recommendations.
Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit – rechtliche Herausforderungen für den Versicherungssektor, insbesondere beim Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Armbrüster Christian 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit sind zwei aktuelle und für die Versicherungswirtschaft bedeutsame Themenfelder, die auf den ersten Blick wenig miteinander zu tun haben. Indessen gibt es eine ganze Reihe von inhaltlichen Bezügen und Querverbindungen. Der Beitrag behandelt unter diesem Blickwinkel die rechtlichen Herausforderungen, welche sich aus der Digitalisierung im Versicherungssektor und insbesondere aus dem Einsatz von KI-Systemen ergeben.
The Iliotibial Band: A Complex Structure with Versatile Functions
Authors: Hutchinson L. A. , Lichtwark G. A. , Willy R. W. , Kelly L. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of a pronounced iliotibial band (ITB) is an anatomically distinct evolution of humans. The mechanical behaviour of this “new” structure is still poorly understood and hotly debated in current literature. Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is one of the leading causes of lateral knee pain injuries in runners. We currently lack a comprehensive understanding of the healthy behaviour of the ITB, and this is necessary prior to further investigating the aetiology of pathologies like ITBS. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was to collate the anatomical, biomechanical and clinical literature to understand how the mechanical function of the ITB is influenced by anatomical variation, posture and muscle activation. The complexity of understanding the mechanical function of the ITB is due, in part, to the presence of its two in-series muscles: gluteus maximus (GMAX) and tensor fascia latae (TFL). At present, we lack a fundamental understanding of how GMAX and TFL transmit force through the ITB and what mechanical role the ITB plays for movements like walking or running. While there is a range of proposed ITBS treatment strategies, robust evidence for effective treatments is still lacking. Interventions that directly target the running biomechanics suspected to increase either ITB strain or compression of lateral knee structures may have promise, but clinical randomised controlled trials are still required.
Mechanised Harvesting of Broadleaved Tree Species in Europe
Authors: Mederski Piotr S. , Schweier Janine , Đuka Andreja , Tsioras Petros , Bont Leo G. , Bembenek Mariusz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The application of cut-to-length (CTL) technology for harvesting and processing timber from broadleaved tree species is a challenging process, due to thick branches, stem sweep, forks and high wood density. The objective of this review was to describe the current state of harvester use and characterise the effectiveness of mechanised forest operations for broadleaved and mixed forest stands in Europe, paying particular attention to productivity and product quality aspects. An additional aim was to identify the greatest difficulties associated with harvesting broadleaved tree species today and to indicate future challenges and areas for improvement.

Recent Findings
An interest in wider harvester use for broadleaved tree species started after the storm Lothar in France in 1999. Early experiences demonstrated that lower productivity is common when harvesting broadleaved tree species, due to limitations in delimbing and the high frequency of sweep. Initially, modifications were made to harvester heads, while a newly designed head (CTL 40 HW) was later developed within a European project in 2005–2007. Using various heads, very high productivity was achieved in some cases, but log recovery was unsatisfactory, with large tree tops left without delimbing. The delimbing was of lower quality and log length inaccuracy was observed, as well as economic losses due to damage to plywood caused by feed rollers. These issues resulted in a change in harvester head construction, including work on a patent for a head designed specifically for harvesting broadleaved tree species.

Summary
The harvester heads that have been developed to date for broadleaved tree species have mainly been used within Central Europe, where the high incidence of broadleaved tree species and their particular morphological features (thick branches and sweep) are a major challenge for CTL technology. There have been many research projects related to this issue: in the last 15 years, there were a few larger initiatives leading to the design and development of harvester heads for broadleaved tree species, with participation from institutions and universities in France, Germany and Poland. There are currently no ongoing initiatives, but the formation of new ones is strongly recommended because today’s forests have a growing share of broadleaved tree species and are being managed to an increasing extent with CTL technology.
On the motion of billiards in ellipses
Authors: Stachel Hellmuth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor billiards in an ellipse e with an ellipse as caustic, there exist canonical coordinates on e such that the billiard transformation from vertex to vertex is equivalent to a shift of coordinates. A kinematic analysis of billiard motions offers a new approach to canonical parametrizations of billiards and associated Poncelet grids. This parametrization uses Jacobian elliptic functions with the modulus equal to the numerical eccentricity of the caustic and is the basis for proving a few invariants of periodic billiards.