bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karanjkar Rijula R. , Preshaw Philip M. , Ellis Janice S. , Holliday Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental staining is a common concern for tobacco users. However, little is known about which components of tobacco are responsible for the staining and whether nicotine may be implicated. This is of increasing relevance with the popularity of novel products such as heated‐tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (E‐cigarettes).ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to establish the evidence base for the effect if any, of the various tobacco and nicotine products in causing staining of dental hard tissues and materials.Material and MethodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines. There were four structured population intervention comparison outcomesquestions. A search was conducted up to December 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and manual searching of relevant sources was also completed. Two researchers individually reviewed the titles then abstracts and finally full articles. A reporting quality appraisal was conducted appropriately to the study methodology.ResultsOf the 815 records titles identified, 56 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 27 were included for analysis. The included studies were mainly laboratory studies of varying reporting quality. There was evidence from 18 studies that tobacco exposure caused staining of dental hard tissues (pooled results from three studies‐ enamel/dentine; mean difference [MD]: 16.22; 95% confidence interval[12.11, 20.32; I2: 96%)and materials (pooled result from four studies—resin composite; MD: 11.90; 95% CI: 11.47, 12.34; I2: 100%). There was limited evidence that E‐cigarettes 99%) and heated tobacco products (HTPs; pooled results from three studies–−1.07, 6.54; I2: 99%) cause staining, but this was lower than with traditional tobacco/found 11 compounds, of which 8 were terpenoids, from tobacco products implicated in causing staining. Finally, there was some evidence that resin composites stained more than other materials.ConclusionsTobacco smoking causes dental staining. There was limited evidence that E‐cigarettes and HTPs did cause dental staining that was less intense than that caused by traditional tobacco products.
Adaptation of a multiple myeloma minimal residual disease multicolor flow cytometry assay for real‐world practice
Authors: McMillan Annabel , Tran Thien‐An , Galas‐Filipowicz Daria , Camilleri Marquita , Lecat Catherine , Ainley Louise , Guo Yanping , Yong Kwee , Sive Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAchieving minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity following treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with improved progression free and overall survival. In the UK, MRD assessments in MM are not incorporated into routine clinical use outside trials. Widely used in other haematological malignancies, there is a role for widening the availability of myeloma MRD assays to laboratories outside larger treating centers.MethodsWe set up and assessed concordance of a multicolor flow cytometry (MCF) assay for MM MRD in collaboration with a reference center including validity following delayed processing of samples using an optimized fixation step. We then conducted a real‐world snapshot of MRD results in a cohort of newly diagnosed transplant‐eligible patients treated with UK standard induction therapies at the time of analysis.Results43 MCF MRD samples run in parallel with a reference center showed high correlation and minimal bias. 24 samples were split and processed in duplicate both fixed and fresh, with strong correlation, minimal bias, and no change in plasma cell phenotype by flow markers confirming a 6‐day delay in processing did not affect assay performance. A real‐world snapshot found 17% (10/58) of patients were MRD‐negative post‐bortezomib‐based triplet induction therapy.ConclusionsWe successfully adopted a reference MCF MM MRD method which was stable for up to 6 days following sample collection potentially allowing broader access of this assay to smaller laboratories which would facilitate further investigation of the prognostic value and clinical utility of MRD assessments outside the trial setting in real‐world practice.
Time course, factors related to, and prognostic impact of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane flow in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Montero Santiago , Rivas‐Lasarte Mercedes , Huang Florent , Chommeloux Juliette , Demondion Pierre , Bréchot Nicolas , Hékimian Guillaume , Franchineau Guillaume , Persichini Romain , Luyt Charles‐Édouard , Garcia‐Garcia Cosme , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Lebreton Guillaume , Cinca Juan , Leprince Pascal , Combes Alain , Alvarez‐Garcia Jesus , Schmidt Matthieu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is currently one of the most used devices in refractory cardiogenic shock. However, there is a lack of evidence on how to set the ‘optimal’ flow. We aimed to describe the evolution of VA‐ECMO flows in a cardiogenic shock population and determine the risk factors of ‘high‐ECMO flow’.Methods and resultsA 7 year database of patients supported with VA‐ECMO was used. Based on the median flow during the first 48 h of the VA‐ECMO run, patients were classified as ‘high‐flow’ or ‘low‐flow’, respectively, when median ECMO flow was ≥3.6 or <3.6 L/min. Outcomes included rates of ventilator‐associated pneumonia, ECMO‐related complications, days on ECMO, days on mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospitalization lengths of stay, and in‐hospital and 60 day mortality. Risk factors of high‐ECMO flow were assessed using univariate and multivariate cox regression. The study population included 209 patients on VA‐ECMO, median age was 51 (40–59) years, and 78% were males. The most frequent aetiology leading to cardiogenic shock was end‐stage dilated cardiomyopathy (57%), followed by acute myocardial infarction (23%) and fulminant myocarditis (17%). Among the 209 patients, 105 (50%) were classified as ‘high‐flow’. This group had a higher rate of ischaemic aetiology (16% vs. 30%, P = 0.023) and was sicker at admission, in terms of worse Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score [40 (26–58) vs. 56 (42–74), P < 0.001], higher lactate [3.6 (2.2–5.8) mmol/L vs. 5.2 (3–9.7) mmol/L, P < 0.001], and higher aspartate aminotransferase [97 (41–375) U/L vs. 309 (85–939) U/L, P < 0.001], among others. The ‘low‐flow’ group had less ventilator‐associated pneumonia (40% vs. 59%, P = 0.007) and less days on mechanical ventilation [4 (1.5–7.5) vs. 6 (3–12) days, P = 0.009]. No differences were found in lengths of stay or survival according to the ECMO flow. The multivariate analysis showed that risk factors independently associated with ‘high‐flow’ were mechanical ventilation at cannulation [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–7.1] and pre‐ECMO lactate (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2).ConclusionsIn patients with refractory cardiogenic shock supported with VA‐ECMO, sicker patients had higher support since early phases, presenting thereafter higher rates of ventilator‐associated pneumonia but similar survival compared with patients with lower flows.
Ultrasound‐ and Microwave‐Assisted Extractions Facilitate Oil Recovery from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) By‐Products and Enhance Fish Oil Quality Parameters
Authors: Keskin Çavdar Hasene , Bilgin Hakkı , Fadıloğlu Sibel , Yılmaz Fatih Mehmet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to analyze ultrasound (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) as novel technologies for utilizing gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) by‐products to produce high‐quality fish oil for human consumption. The impacts of extraction parameters, namely, temperature, time, solvent‐to‐solid ratio, and their interactions on the extraction yield, are investigated using response surface methodology (RSM), and a central composite rotatable design. The optimized conditions are 15.47 mL g−1 of solvent‐to‐solid ratio, 38 min, and 42 °C for UAE and 15.84 mL g−1 of solvent‐to‐solid ratio, 18 min, and 40 °C for MAE. Under optimal conditions, the maximum extraction yields are 38.40 and 36.70% (g/g) for UAE and MAE, respectively. Both UAE and MAE have significantly higher mass transfer rates (61.70 and 121.58 g h−1, respectively) than Soxhlet extraction (10.78 g h−1). The fatty acid composition, physicochemical, and oxidation analyses of fish oils confirm the suitability of both UAE and MAE for the recovery of high‐quality oils from fish processing by‐products. The valorized oils mainly include unsaturated fatty acids (≈75%) and are rich in oleic acid. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals that the key driving force for fast oil extraction is the structural degradation of fish by‐products caused by ultrasound and microwave.Practical Applications: Due to environmental and economic viewpoints, the validation of fish oil from fish industry by‐products has become a popular research topic recently. Alternative recovery techniques such as ultrasound‐ (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) protocols may have additional benefits in producing functional oils. Interactive effects of process parameters determine the success of the extraction technique; therefore optimization is a critical approach when applying the extraction protocols. This study shows that UAE and MAE techniques significantly enhanced oil extraction rate from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurota) by‐products at lower temperatures and by using lower amounts of solvent. UVA and MAE increase oxidative stability and do not change the fatty acid composition. Hence, the by‐product of the gilthead seabream can be a sustainable and food‐grade fish oil source and UAE and MAE can be a good alternative to the conventional (Soxhlet) extraction by providing high yield and quality oil.
Lung cancer patients with positive programmed death‐ligand 1 expression endure graver postoperative pain
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhou Jian , Liu Huixin , Xu Hao , Li Huifang , Feng Yi , Tian Xue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is common in lung cancer patients, and it is unclear whether cancer itself participates in pain regulation. Programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expressed by tumours may be analgesic. Our study aimed to detect the association between PD‐L1 and acute postoperative pain.MethodsWe reviewed patients who underwent VATS for lung cancer with tumour PD‐L1 expression analysed in our centre from Jan 2017 to Jul 2020. They were divided into PD‐L1 (−) group and PD‐L1 (+) group and were further divided into four subgroups according to opioids for postoperative analgesia: sufentanil PD‐L1 (−), sufentanil PD‐L1 (+), oxycodone PD‐L1 (−), and oxycodone PD‐L1 (+). We compared the numeric rating scale (NRS) for the first three postoperative days at rest or cough between groups.ResultsA total of 369 patients (167 in PD‐L1 (−) vs. 202 in PD‐L1 (+)) were included. On the first postoperative day, NRS at cough in the PD‐L1 (+) patients were higher than those in the PD‐L1 (−) patients (2.91 ± 1.07 vs. 2.66 ± 1.01, p = 0.018). On the third day, NRS at cough in PD‐L1 (+) patients was higher (2.50 ± 1.02 vs. 2.26 ± 1.09, p = 0.043). For patients with oxycodone, NRS was higher in PD‐L1 (+) than in PD‐L1 (−) (p = 0.041) at cough after surgery. In contrast, those with sufentanil did not significantly differ in NRS between groups.ConclusionsPatients with PD‐L1 (+) suffered graver pain in the early postoperative period after VATS for lung cancer compared with PD‐L1 (−) on tumours. Analgesia with sufentanil seemed to overcome this effect better than oxycodone.SignificanceWe demonstrated that patients with positive programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) on tumours suffered graver pain in the early postoperative period after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer and reacted differently with opioids. It might be beneficial to adjust analgesic protocols according to tumour PD‐L1 expression for individualized postoperative pain management.
Exploration of agricultural residue ash as a solid green heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production
Authors: Oloyede Christopher Tunji , Jekayinfa Simeon Olatayo , Alade Abass Olanrewaju , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Otung Nsikak‐Abasi Ubohon , Laseinde Opeyeolu Timothy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiodiesel is an economical and nonpolluting green fuel produced from the transesterification of oil and alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Transesterification of vegetable oils with conventional (homogeneous) catalysts for biodiesel production is considered to have a promising future but they are nonrenewable and hazardous. The major setback is the increase in cost of production. High production cost, in terms of feedstock oil and catalyst acquisition is one of the major challenges facing the global commercialization and acceptance of biodiesel. Heterogeneous solid catalysts are currently replacing homogeneous catalysts because of their ability to overcome hurdles associated with homogeneous catalysts. This study discussed the development and feasibility of calcined ash from agricultural residues as a solid green heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production without chemical degradation. Solid‐calcined ash based catalysts are being developed primarily via calcination at suitable temperatures and have been used as catalysts without mixing with carrier compounds. The various agricultural residues used and the corresponding biodiesel yields were also discussed. The study also looked at some agricultural residues that could be targeted for high catalytic output. It was found that high biodiesel yields (80%–98%) were achieved with most of the crude oil raw materials used. The catalyst could be reused at least five (5) times. From the discussed literature, it was found that the current state of biodiesel production can be improved by using heterogeneous base catalysts made from agricultural residue calcined ash.
An algorithm to improve the performance of convolutional neural networks for TSC tasks
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Bing , Du Yamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe convolutional neural network (CNN) is an important network model for processing time series classification tasks. However, there can be a lot of noise in the data itself. The clarity of spatial feature expression of time‐series samples and the freeness and balance of data samples both have a big effect on how well CNNs can handle time series classification (TSC) tasks. This paper proposes a multi‐pose marking learning algorithm (MPML), which optimizes the spatial representation of data samples through multiple graphical representations of time series data and then solves the problems of freeness and heterogeneity of data samples through labeling and preferential learning of poorly trained sample data. The algorithm improves the model's robustness to noise by improving the spatial expression sentiment of the time series and the labeling learning of the feature data, thereby improving the convolutional neural network's performance to perform the TSC task. We show how well the algorithm works by testing it on 46 datasets from the UCR Time Series Classification Archive and comparing the results.
Desulfurization of H2S‐rich biogas using water scrubbing: Performance in pilot scale scrubber and scale‐up estimation for the concentrated latex factory
Authors: Manmeen Ajchareeya , Kongjan Prawit , Rattanaya Thiwa , Cheirsilp Benjamas , Raybut Nattapol , Jariyaboon Rattana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA high about 3% H2S concentration in the biogas produced from concentrated latex process wastewater needs to be removed before further utilization. Water scrubbing is appropriate for the latex factory having plenty of recycled water available. Effects of liquid to gas (L/G) ratios at 0.5–4.0 on H2S removal were tested at 0.06 m3/h biogas flow rate using a pilot scale scrubber. The experimental results were then simulated to validate the scale‐up for the factory, using the process simulation software Aspen HYSYS (HYSYS, Hyprotech and Systems). The highest 99.71% H2S removal was obtained by using L/G ratio 4.0. Interestingly, using L/G ratio 1.0 provided 96.01% H2S removal, which is slightly lower than on using L/G ratio 4.0, but is more practically appropriate for the real volumes of recycled water and biogas generated from the factory. The experimental data agree with the simulations well. The packed column diameter and height were estimated as 0.5 and 3 m for 40 m3/h biogas. Key characteristics of the scrubber effluent were analyzed for further discharge management. The scrubber effluent qualified for direct discharge to the post‐treatment ponds. This work shows that using recycled water for desulfurization of the H2S‐rich biogas is feasible at atmospheric pressure operation.
Optimal design and development of renewable based multi‐energy system for village sustainability: A case study simulation
Authors: Pushpabala V. , Rajan C. Christober Asir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe primary objective of this article is the design and development of the optimal hybrid renewable energy (HRE) system for rural communities through village‐owned resources. The optimal performance and economic analysis is carried out with a suitable multi‐energy generation configuration model simulation. Based on the simulation outcomes the feasibility report of the proposed HRE system is to be considered for the investor's decision‐making process. The complete analysis has been planned with three important phases such as pre assessment stage, simulation and optimization stage, and evaluation stages. This real conducted case study has expressed many interesting facts about the integration of renewable resources toward meeting the rural energy requirements with economical and smooth manners. The proposed configuration is capable to generate net annual energy of 89,822 kWh/year with CoE (cost of energy) of Rs. 8.102. In addition, the proposed HRE system is reducing the CO2 impact on the environment by nearly 3.5% with an excess energy capacity of 6688 kWh/year.
Removing Co(II) and Mn(II) ions effectively from aqueous solutions by means of chemically non‐processed Mardin stone waste: Equivalent, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations
Authors: Canpolat Mutlu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMardin stone waste (MSW) was used to explore the removal of cobalt (II) and manganese (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data collected at various temperatures were applied to different kinetic equations. Different adsorption isotherm models were evaluated to better understand the adsorption process. Energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used to analyze the surface characteristics of MSW. Results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model, which accounts for chemical absorption and potential irreversibility of the process, may be used with the isotherm data. The adsorption of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions yielded kinetic data that was best characterized as pseudo‐second‐order with the greatest regression coefficient. While the adsorption capacity of the Co2+ ion was determined to be 7.34, 7.75, and 8.19 mg g−1 at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively, the adsorption capacity of Mn2+ was calculated to be 8.20, 8.42, and 8.78 mg g−1 under the same circumstances. The adsorption of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions by means of MSW was natural and exothermic according to thermodynamic analyses.
Digital economy, new‐type urbanization, and carbon emissions: Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Yu , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChina has been a major carbon dioxide emitter. According to the World Energy Statistics Yearbook 2021 published by British Petroleum (BP), China's total carbon emissions in 2020 were 9.899 billion tons, accounting for 30.7% of the world's total emissions and ranking first in the world. Promoting digital economy construction, new‐type urbanization construction and carbon emissions reduction is the focus of the Chinese government. Based on the decoupling model and threshold regression model, this article empirically tests the impact of digital economy and new‐type urbanization on carbon emissions by panel data from 2013–2019 in 30 provinces of China. The results show that there are 23 provinces of China having a better decoupling relationship between digital economy and carbon emissions reduction, and 20 provinces of China having a better decoupling relationship between new‐type urbanization and carbon emissions reduction. In the threshold regression models with energy intensity as the threshold variable, the digital economy has a significant threshold characteristic with a negative non‐linear effect on per capita carbon emissions. The new‐type urbanization also had a significant threshold characteristic with a two‐way non‐linear effect on per capita carbon emissions, but the negative effect is not significant. This means that, during the sample period, the improvement of China's digital economy level can effectively promote carbon emissions reduction. However, the improvement of the new‐type urbanization level curbs carbon emissions reduction.
Reducing salt intake with umami: A secondary analysis of data in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Nakamura Haruyo , Kawashima Takayuki , Yamasaki Lisa , Lwin Kaung Suu , Eguchi Akifumi , Hayabuchi Hitomi , Tanoe Yuta , Tanaka Shiori , Yoneoka Daisuke , Ghaznavi Cyrus , Uneyama Hisayuki , Shibuya Kenji , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReducing sodium content in foods is an important public health measure to reduce salt intake and decrease the incidence of noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. This study quantified the amount of salt intake that could potentially be reduced by using umami substances, including glutamate, inosinate, and guanylate, without compromising taste, for adults in the United Kingdom (UK). We used data comprised of 1834 adults aged 20 years and over from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS RP) 2016/2017–2018/2019. Four hypothetical scenarios in which the market share of low‐sodium foods accounts for 0%, 30%, 60%, or 90% of consumed products were considered in the analyses. Per capita daily salt intake corresponding to the NDNS RP food groups was calculated for each scenario, and the salt intake was aggregated by gender and age groups. Replacing salt with umami substances could help UK adults reduce daily salt intake by 9.09%–18.59% (9.21%–18.43% for women; 8.83%–19.43% for men), which is equivalent to 0.45–0.92 g/day of salt reduction (0.41–0.82 g/day for women; 0.50–1.10 g/day for men). The use of umami substances may serve as one method for the UK government to encourage salt intake reduction, particularly in the context of food product reformulation, as 80% of salt consumed in the country comes from processed foods. Empirical studies with sensory evaluation should be conducted to confirm consumer tolerance. The food industry should also be engaged in conversations regarding the addition of umami to food products in the United Kingdom.