bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Terpinen-4-ol Modulate Potentially Malignant and Malignant Lingual Lesions Induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide in Rat Model
Authors: de Andrade Cleverton Roberto , Neto José Nunes Carneiro , Sorbo Juliana Maria , Filho Carlos Alberto Arcaro , Sabino Thaís Fernanda Moreira , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Brunetti Iguatemy Lourenço 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Our aim was to verify the modulative TP-4-ol capacity in 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced oral rat cancer. Methods The stereoisomers of TP-4-ol were used against the human tongue squamous cell line and the negative stereoisomer showed lower IC50. 31 Holtzman rats (120-130 grams) were cancer induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO/8 weeks/25 ppm) and 32 Holtzman rats (120-130 grams) were used to Healthy and TP-4-ol toxicity experiments. Six groups were used, healthy, 0.1nL/g of TP-4-ol, 8nL/g of TP-4-ol, 4-NQO, 4-NQO+0.1nL/g of TP-4-ol and 4-NQO+8nL/g of TP-4-ol. We performed the toxicity analysis by biochemical and histopathological analysis. The biochemistry analysis includes alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], Urea and Creatinine and the histopathology analysis includes the liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. Specifically, for malign modulation we performed a macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Results The group exposed to 0.1nL/g of TP-4-ol demonstrated a reduced risk of malignancy in dysplasia considering the criteria of architecture and cytology. Similarly, a drop of percentual rats with SCC diagnosis was observed in 4-NQO+0.1nL/g (41.6%) when compared to 4-NQO (87.5%). Moreover, the 4-NQO group presented a median of 2.62 SCC/rat and the 4-NQO+0.1nL/g demonstrated a median of 0.75 SCC/rat. For toxicity analysis, 4-NQO+0.1nL/g showed focal necrosis in the kidney and 4-NQO showed lung hemorrhagic areas. Conclusion The concentration of 0.1nL/g was more effective in reducing the tongue induction of potentially malignant and malignant lesions by 4-NQO. A kidney toxicity was observed in healthy animals exposed to 0.1nL/g of TP-4-ol.
Automatic Discrimination for Screening of the Eyes in a Deep Learning-Based Ensemble Model Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Hirota Masakazu , Ueno Shinji , Inooka Taiga , Ito Yasuki , Takeyama Hideo , Inoue Yuji , Watanabe Emiko , Mizota Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The average life expectancy has increased globally, and the risk of visual impairment is expected to increase as well. Therefore, eye checkups have become increasingly important to maintain good vision and quality of life. As the population requiring eye checkups increases, so does the clinical work burden of physicians. Hence, an automatic discrimination algorithm to reduce the clinicians' workload is necessary. The convolutional neural network (CNN), a deep learning algorithm, has recently become one of the chief techniques for automated image recognition and is a helpful tool for identifying ocular diseases. However, the accuracy of a single CNN model ranges within 70%–95%, and it may fail to identify some diseases. In this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of four CNN models trained with optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, the machine-learning (ML) model trained with data on the retinal and choroidal area, and the ensemble model that integrated the CNNs and ML models using OCT images obtained during eye checkups. Our results show that the ensemble model had a superior diagnostic performance over the CNN and ML models. The ML model, which evaluated diseases using data regarding the temporal peripheral retinal area, improved on the CNN model, which misrecognized the temporal peripheral retinal structures. Our study indicates the strong potential of the ensemble model combining the CNN and ML models in accurately predicting abnormalities during eye checkups.
Expression of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 7 Receptor in Intestinal Mucosa Predicts the Degree of Intestinal Inflammation in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Xu Zhangwei , Chen Jason , Mei Qiao , Li Yang , Xu JianMing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by nonspecific transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. CD has a variety of potential causes with no effective treatment. Current clinical laboratory indicators from patients do not provide direct indication the status of mucosal inflammation in the intestine. Recently, it has been found that intestinal inflammation is generally associated with increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), which acts as an important gastrointestinal signaling molecule in intestinal homeostasis by stimulating specific receptors. Most previous research were carried out in vitro or with animal models, and there was a lack of authentical clinical research. In this study, clinical specimens from patients with Crohn’s disease were used to investigate the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor (5-HT7R) in the induction and development of chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease.
Methods
Patients with CD admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between June 2014 and January 2018 were recruited, among which 28 were in active disease and 32 were in remission. In addition, 20 patients who had no obvious abnormality by colonoscopy in the hospital during the same period of time were recruited into the control group. Data of clinical disease activity (CDAI), CD endoscopic score (SES-CD) and magnetic resonance score (MaRIA) were collected from those two groups of patients. The expression and distribution of 5-HT7R were investigated and their correlations with clinical CDAI, MaRIA, and endoscopic SES-CD scores were analyzed.
Results
Our study demonstrated that 5-HT7R is expressed in intestinal neurons and CD11C-positive cells in human colon. In CD11c/CD86 double-positive cells in the bowel, 5-HT7R expression was significantly increased in the inflammatory area in the bowel of CD patients, and it was closely related to disease severity, MaRIA, and SES-CD scores.
Conclusions
The expression of 5-HT7R was significantly correlated with the degree of gut inflammation in CD patients and could be a potential biomarker for disease activity and the therapeutic efficacy in patients with Crohn’s Disease.
Predicting the Level of Anemia among Ethiopian Pregnant Women using Homogeneous Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Dejene Belayneh E , Abuhay Tesfamariam M , Bogale Dawit S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: More than 115,000 maternal deaths and 591,000 prenatal deaths occurred in the world per year because of anemia, the reduction of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The world health organization divides anemia in pregnancy into mild anemia (Hb 10- 10.9g/dl), moderate anemia (Hb 7.0-9.9g/dl), and severe anemia (Hb < 7g/dl). This study aims to identify risk factors and predict the level of anemia among pregnant women in the case of Ethiopia using homogeneous ensemble machine learning algorithms.Methods: This study was conducted following a design science research approach. The data were gathered from the Ethiopian demographic health survey and preprocessed to get quality data that are suitable for the machine learning algorithm. Decision tree, random forest, cat boost, and extreme gradient boosting with class decomposition (one versus one and one versus rest) and without class decomposition were employed to build the predictive model. For constructing the proposed model, twelve experiments were conducted using a total of 29104 instances with 23 features, and a training and testing dataset split ratio of 80/20. Results: The overall accuracy of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and cat boost without class decompositions is 91.34%, 94.26%, and 97.08.90%, respectively. The overall accuracy of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and cat boost with one versus one is 94.4%, 95.21%, and 97.44%, respectively. The overall accuracy of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and cat boost with one versus the rest are 94.4%, 94.54%, and 97.6%, respectively. Conclusion: A predictive model that was developed with cat boost algorithms with one versus the rest was selected to identify risk factors, generate rules, and develop a deployed artifact because it has registered better performance with 97.6% accuracy. The most determinant risk factors of anemia among pregnant women were identified using feature importance. Some of them are the duration of the current pregnancy, age, source of drinking water, respondent’s (pregnant women) occupation, number of household members, wealth index, husband/partner's education level, birth history.
A standardized method to study immune responses using porcine whole blood
Authors: Mattoo Sameer , Aganja Ram Prasad , Kim Seung-Chai , Jeong Chang-Gi , Nazki Salik , Kim Won-Il , Lee Sang-Myeong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (PMA/ION) stimulation in humidified air at 37°C and 5% CO2. After 24 h, cells were stained for IFN-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for TNF-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), field isolate (FI), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS) of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Cell surface immune-fluorescent staining showed consistent results at all dilutions following stimulation of WB by PMA/ION, while in non-diluted WB, intracellular cytokine staining was obstinate. The frequency of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I: C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of CTLs, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.
Biomarker sST2 in Adults with Transposition of the Great Arteries Palliated by Mustard Procedure: A Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ferguson Haley N. , Martinez Hugo R. , Pride P. Melanie , Swan Elizabeth A. , Hurwitz Roger A. , Payne R. Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Mustard procedure was an early cardiac surgery for transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Although successful, it has been associated with long-term arrhythmias and heart failure. A key factor complicating management in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is the deficiency of biomarkers predicting outcome. Soluble suppression of tumorogenicity-2 (sST2) is secreted by cardiomyocytes in response to mechanical strain and fibrosis. We hypothesized that adults with a Mustard procedure would have higher levels of sST2 than healthy individuals, and this would correlate with clinical outcome. We performed a single-center study in patients managed during childhood with a Mustard procedure versus age-matched controls. Clinical and demographic data were collected and biomarkers (sST2, cTnI, BNP, lipid panel, insulin, and glucose) were obtained. There were 18 patients (12 male) in the Mustard cohort and 18 patients (6 male) in the control group (22-49 years, mean of 35.8 vs. mean 32.6 years, respectively, p= ns). Nine Mustard subjects were NYHA class-II, and 9 subjects were class-III. The control group was asymptomatic. sST2 in the Mustard group was elevated in 56% vs. 17% in controls (p = 0.035). Of the Mustard subjects with elevated sST2, 60% had elevated cTnI and BNP, and 90% had low HDL. Over five years, the Mustard patients with elevated sST2 values had greater medication use, arrhythmias, hospitalizations, and ablation/pacer implantations than Mustard subjects with normal sST2. Mustard subjects with elevated sST2 had other biomarker abnormalities and clinically worse outcomes. Thus, sST2 may add a predictive value to cardiac-related morbidity and mortality.
Study on hydroforming of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Sheet based on upper sheet
Authors: Liu Xiao Jing , Zhang Zhi He , Feng Xue , Li Chao , Zhou Ying Ying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forming large-size thin-walled hemispherical parts by hydroforming is often accompanied by serious wall thickness thinning, instability and rupture of the suspending area. In order to solve the appeal problems, this paper adopts the combination of finite element numerical simulation analysis and experimental verification, and takes the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy thin-walled hemispherical part as the research object to carry out the formability analysis of double-layer sheet hydroforming. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical simulation, uniaxial tensile tests of AA6061-T6 tensile specimens were carried out, and a BP neural network prediction model that can truly reflect the plastic deformation characteristics of materials was established. In this paper, the wall thickness and the contact status between punch and sheet are used as the evaluation indexes to simulate and analyze the hydroforming of the double-layer sheets, and the process flow of the single-sheet and the double-layer sheet hydroforming was compared and analyzed. The forming law of sheet metal under different friction coefficient between sheets and different upper sheet thickness was explored. Finally, the optimal process conditions were used for forming experiments, and the results were basically consistent with the simulation results.
Arrhenius Equation Construction And Nitrate Source Identification Of Denitrification At The Lake Taihu Sediment−Water Interface With 15N Isotope
Authors: Ma Qiuxia , Pang Min , Pang Yong , Zhang Lu , Huang Zhilin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Total nitrogen in Taihu Lake, China has gradually decreased since 2015 while the total phosphorus concentration has exhibited an increasing trend, indicating an asynchronous change. The dominant nitrogen removal process in freshwater ecosystems is denitrification which primarily occurs at the sediment–water interface. In this study, 15N isotope incubation experiments were attempted to analyze the effect of water temperature on denitrification, to construct the regional denitrification Arrhenius equations considering water temperature, and to identify the nitrate source of denitrification in Lake Taihu sediments. The results indicated that the potential N2 production rates and denitrification rates generally decreased in the west to east direction, which was significantly positively correlated with the nitrate concentration of overlying water by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (P<0.05). In addition, when the water temperature was lower than 30°C, the rates of the potential N2 production and denitrification were higher with an increase in water temperature, but when the water temperature was overhigh, denitrification was inhibited. The ratio of the total denitrification rate of nitrate from the water column in the sediment to the total denitrification rate during the incubation experiment was above 0.5 at each sampling site. This indicated that the denitrification in the Lake Taihu sediment primarily occurred at the expense of nitrate from the water column. Research on denitrification has important implications for improving the water quality of Lake Taihu, and the findings of the study act as a reference for the water environment treatment of other shallow eutrophic lakes in China and globally.
Retinal Sublayer Thickness Analysis of The Macula of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Carriers of G11778A Mutations with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Cheng Yufang , Miao Qingmei , Zheng Hongmei , He Lu , Yuan Jiajia , Chen Changzheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial genetic disease, caused mainly by G11778A mutations. Analysis of retinal sublayer structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) is of great significance for elucidating the pathogenesis of LHON.
Purpose
To analyze the thicknesses of the outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor inner and outer segment (IS/OS), and macula thickness (MT) in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of G11778A mutants with LHON using SD-OCT.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 70 symptomatic carriers with the G11778A mutation were enrolled in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Family members of symptomatic carriers were recruited as asymptomatic carriers for a final total of 36 participants. We also recruited 29 age- and sex-matched normal subjects.
Results
MT of symptomatic carriers was thinner than for asymptomatic carriers, while asymptomatic carriers were thinner than normal subjects. In carriers of the G11778A mutation, OPL thickness was increased, and ONL thickness was decreased compared to normal cases. Correlation analysis showed that MT was significantly correlated with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and disease duration, while ONL thickness in parafoveal nasal areas thinned as the disease progressed. The three groups showed no significant differences in IS/OS thicknesses.
Conclusions
The thicknesses of OPL, ONL and MT differed between normal subjects and symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of G11778A mutations with LHON. MT and ONL thinning, in addition to OPL thickening, were observed in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers, a finding which should be further validated and explored in basic science research. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine the usefulness of these findings to the diagnosis and monitoring of LHON.
The Role of Single-cell RNA Sequencing in Cardiac Tumour - A Case Report
Authors: Qi Xian-Jie , Wei Ting , Zhang Xu , Abba Isah Amir , Zhang Sheng-Qiang , Meng Jin-jin , Shi Chao , Jiang Yi-Yao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Benign cardiac tumour is a common disease and is often completely removed by surgery. However, the characteristics of these tumours have not been studied deeply. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyse cell composition and growth patterns in a giant cardiac tumour.Case presentation: A 65-year-old woman presented to our hospital with 5 days of chest tightness, dyspnoea, and lower abdominal distension. Echocardiography revealed a mass in the right atrium. An emergency operation was carried out to prevent tumour shedding. At 4 days after successful tumour resection, the patient was discharged without any complications. At the ten-month follow-up, she had recovered well, with good quality of life. scRNA-seq was applied to analyse the nature of the tumour. The cellular components of benign tumours include chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, and osteoblasts. Additionally, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP-PKG) signalling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and the p53 signalling pathway may be related to the growth of this tumour.Conclusion: scRNA-seq is a good approach to analyse growth patterns and search for therapeutic targets. scRNA-seq results are helpful for reducing tumour recurrence and also benefit patient quality of life.
Feline Obesity Causes Hematological And Biochemical Changes And Oxidative Stress
Authors: Martins Tainara Oliveira , Ramos Rebecca Cápera , Possidonio Geovana , Bosculo Maria Rachel Melo , Oliveira Paula Lima , Costa Leticia Ramos , Zamboni Vinicius Aquiles Gomes , Marques Marcel Gambin , Almeida Breno Fernando Martins 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Obesity, an extremely important factor in feline clinical practice, is estimated to affect up to one third of the feline population. Moreover, it can trigger chronic inflammation, which could predispose to oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, thereby generating potentially irreversible cellular damage. This study analyzed hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profiles at various degrees of feline obesity. Forty-five cats were selected and divided into three groups: control (n=17), overweight (n=13) and obese (n=15), after clinical and laboratory evaluation and body condition score. Biochemical and oxidative stress analyses were performed using a photocolorimeter and hematological analyses were performed in a veterinary cell counter. The hematological profile of obese cats showed increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), while their biochemical profile revealed increased HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). As for oxidative stress, obese cats showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by the inhibition of 2,2’-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS), inhibition of ABTS associated with horseradish peroxidase (ABTS+HRP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while overweight cats had a higher TAC-ABTS+HRP and TAC-FRAP. We conclude that the conditions of natural obesity and overweight in the feline species alter its hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.