bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of uncertainty on negative discounting
Authors: Palenik Marcin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The preference to receive benefits as early as possible and delay costs as much as possible is natural for people. That means a positive discount rate in the intertemporal choice, which is a common assumption in economics. However, as research in behavioral economics proves, in certain situations a negative discount rate occurs. The purpose of this paper is to show that the assumption of positive discounting is not always true. The presented experimental study shows how a decrease in probability increases the chances of negative discounting. According to the results, the expected large, uncertain profit is more likely to be deferred over time than a certain profit of the same value. On the other hand, the expected large, uncertain loss is more willingly experienced earlier than a certain loss of the same value. In both cases, it means an increase in the frequency of negative discounting due to increased uncertainty. The results of the study broaden the existing knowledge about the impact of probability on discounting in a situation of expected losses and the area of negative discounting.
Improving the Stability of the Directional Room G 31-33, Horizon 210 - East, Ocnele Mari-Coceneṣti Salt Mine, By Reinforcement with Anchors and Shotcrete
Authors: Marian Dacian-Paul , Onica Ilie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rock salt deposit from Ocnele Mari - Coceneşti was mined by the method with rooms and small square pillars, at the levels + 226m and + 210m. Although the saline is not deep, certain instability phenomena (cracks, exfoliations) have occurred in the resistance structures (pillars, ceilings), especially in the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E. These instability phenomena were also highlighted following the 3D finite element numerical modelling. In order to prevent the degradation of the mining excavations and the resistance structures, the affected surfaces were supported with anchors and reinforced shotcrete. The ceiling of the consolidated section of the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E is monitored by the systematic measurement, on topographic landmarks mounted on the ceiling, of the vertical and horizontal displacements.
Simulation of the Vibrations Produced to the Human Body During Operation of the Bucket Wheel Excavators. A Case Study of ERc 1400-30/7 Type Excavator
Authors: Brînaş Ildiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic response over time of the excavator boom during operation. For a start, we determined the variation in time of the forces acting on the rotor shaft, due to the excavation. These forces have high values and a slow variation over time, which depends on the rotation speed of the bucket wheel and the number of buckets installed on it. A virtual model of the BWE boom was proposed, for which the dynamic response in time due to the excavation forces was determined, for a point in the main cabin of the BWE. A virtual sensor has been attached to this point corresponding to seat of the operator. The simulation of the dynamic response over time was performed taking into account a global damping of 2% of the critical damping. The simulation was performed both for the excavation of a homogeneous material and for the case of a shock (a sudden appearance of an inclusion of hard material during the cutting of the homogeneous material).
Romanian Carbonate Rocks Cuttability Assessment Using Linear Cutting Tester
Authors: Andraş Andrei , Popescu Florin Dumitru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the state-of-the-art on the microwave assisted mechanical rock cutting by presenting actual findings and tendencies in the field in international literature, and the activities performed during the intermediate stage and the results obtained by the team from the University of Petroşani as partner within the ERAMIN-ERANET-MIWACUT research project.
Considerations Regarding the Closure of the Mines in Valea Jiului
Authors: Roman Liliana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper, starting from a series of general considerations regarding the closure of a mine, makes an analysis, according to the available data, of the manner some of the mines in the Valea Jiului were closed. It is specified that the relatively short time since the closure of the first mine in the Valea Jiului (30 years) did not allow to highlight any mistakes / errors of closure, which would have significant repercussions on the surface land and, in general, on the environment. However, more or less serious problems have already been reported, which arose after the closure of some mines, problems that appear in the last part of this paper.
Damage to black locust leaves (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) by the black locust gall midge (Obolodiplosis robiniae) (Haldeman, 1847) in the Włoszczowa-Jędrzejów Protected Landscape Area - research on strengthening and developing knowledge and awareness in environmental education
Authors: Bąk-Badowska Jolanta , Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona , Wodecka Barbara , Gietka Mariusz , Chmielewski Jarosław 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The prepared article by the team of authors aims to show research in the field of strengthening and developing knowledge and awareness from environmental education in the community of nature conservation services and the academic community. This paper is the result of research conducted in 2014–2015, in the Włoszczowa-Jędrzejów Protected Landscape Area, in the Świętokrzyskie Province. The material for the study was acacia robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) leaves collected on two research areas, differentiated due to the influence of anthropogenic factors. As a result of the study, 5,000 black locust leaves were collected, 65% of which were found to be damaged. Research stands under the influence of strong anthropopressure were characterised by a higher number of lesions on leaves.
Is Smartphone Addiction in the Younger Population a Public Health Problem?
Authors: Loleska Sofija , Pop-Jordanova Nada 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Problematic smartphone use and or addiction is defined as a form of behaviour characterized by the compulsive use of a smartphone that results in various forms of physical, psychological, or social harm. Global popularity in the area of the use of smartphones has raised concerns about the negative effects associated with problematic smartphone use, especially in the younger population.
Having no consensual definition of smartphone addiction (SA), this behavioural addiction is based on the classic addiction symptomology that was included in DSM-5 criteria for compulsive gambling and substance abuse (APA 2013)
This article provides a review of current research related to SA. Articles were found in the PUBMED database using related key words. Statistics confirm the exponential rise of this problem globally, especially in children and adolescents. Therefore, one must make this a high priority among public health issues.
Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: Rate, Clinical Outcomes and Patient Survival
Authors: Dzekova-Vidimliski Pavlina , Nikolov Igor G. , Gjorgjievski Nikola , Selim Gjulsen , Trajceska Lada , Stojanoska Ana , Rambabova-Bushljetik Irena , Simeonov Risto , Stojkovski Ljupco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis remains the major complication and primary challenge to the long-term success of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study aimed to analyze the peritonitis rate, the cause, the outcomes, and the association of peritonitis with the survival of patients on peritoneal dialysis. Patient data were collected retrospectively from medical charts. A total of 96 patients received peritoneal dialysis in the PD center from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018. Episodes of peritonitis (n=159) were registered in 54 (56.3%) patients. The study population was divided into two groups, a group of patients (n=54) who experienced peritonitis and a group of patients free of peritonitis (n=42). The peritonitis rate was 0.47 episodes per patient year. The majority of causative microorganisms were gram-positive bacteria (53.5%). Outcomes of the episodes of peritonitis were resolved infection in 84.9% of episodes, catheter removal in 11.3% of episodes, and death in 3.8% of the episodes of peritonitis. A Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test revealed that the group with peritonitis tended to survive significantly longer than the peritonitis-free group. A 67% reduction rate in the risk of patient mortality was observed for the peritonitis group compared with the peritonitis-free group (hazard ratio: 0.33, 95% CI 0.19-0.57, P=0.000). The prevention and management of PD-related infections, resulted in their worldwide reduction, supporting the use of PD as a first-line dialysis modality.
Epinephrine and Dexamethasone as Adjuvants in Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mikjunovikj-Derebanova Ljubica , Kartalov Andrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana , Donev Ljupcho , Lleshi Albert , Toleska Marija , Dimitrovski Aleksandar , Demjanski Vasko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Regional anesthesia in children in recent years has been accepted worldwide. The increased interest in it is partly due to the use of ultrasonography which provides confidence and accuracy to the anesthesiologic team. Adjuvants are used to extend the duration of the sensory and motor blocking, limiting the cumulative dose of local anesthetics. The use of adjuvants in peripheral nerve blocks in the pediatric population is still under research.

Aim: To observe the effect of epinephrine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to local anesthetics in peripheral upper extremity nerve blocks in pediatric patients.

Materials and methods: The study included 63 patients, aged group 4-14 years, admitted to the University Clinic of Pediatric Surgery for surgical treatment of upper limb fractures in the period of January 2020 until March 2021. Patients were randomized into three groups, and all patients in the groups received analgo-sedation prior to peripheral nerve block. Patients in group 1 (21 patients) received supraclavicular, or interscalene block with 2 ml lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.25% (max 2mg/kg) with a total volume of 0.5ml/kg. In group 2, the patients (21) received 25 μg of epinephrine in 2 ml of 2% solution of lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine (max 2 mg/kg) with a total volume of 0.5 ml/kg, and in group 3, the patients (21) received 2% lidocaine 2ml and 0.25% bupivacaine (max 2mg/kg) in combination with 2mg dexamethasone with a total volume of 0.5ml/kg.

Results: Results showed that in patients in group 1, the average duration of the sensory block was 7 hours, while the duration of the motor block was 5 hours and 30 minutes. In group 2 (epinephrine), the durations of both sensory and motor block were prolonged for about 30 minutes on average compared to the first group. In group 3 (dexamethasone) the duration of the sensory and motor block was significantly longer compared with the first two groups (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Epinephrine and dexamethasone prolong the duration of action of local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks of the upper extremity in pediatric patients and thus reduce the need for analgesics in the postoperative period.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Risteska Nada , Poposki Bojan , Ivanovski Kiro , Dirjanska Katarina , Ristoska Stevica , Saveski Mirko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to determine the values of salivary enzyme biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase – ALP, aspartate aminotransferase – AST and lactate dehydrogenase – LDH) in subjects with healthy and diseased periodontium and to investigate the possibility of using these salivary enzymes as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Methods: We collected saliva with the spitting method from all examinees in the morning, using the recommendations provided by Navazesh. The values of the enzymes in saliva were determined spectro-photometrically, with the following methods: ALP-IFCC, AST-IFCC, LDH-PYRUVATE. IGI Silness-Löe was used to determine the presence of gingival inflammation, and to determine the presence of clinically manifest periodontitis, we determined the clinical loss of periodontal attachment with a graduated periodontal probe. For statistical purposes, we used the method of ANOVA Chi Square and Student’s t-test.

Results: The difference in the average salivary AST and LDH values between the first and the second group, as well between the first and third group is statistically significant (p < 0.000). The difference in the average salivary AST and LDH values between the examinees with gingivitis and the examinees with clinically manifest periodontal disease is statistically insignificant (p < 0.485101 for AST, p < 0.816665 for LDH). The difference in the average salivary levels of ALP between the three groups is statistically significant (p < 0.000).

Conclusion: The salivary levels of AST, LDH, and ALP can be used as diagnostic markers, while ALP can also be used as a prognostic marker for periodontal disease.
Causes of Failures in Circular Concrete Silo Walls, Particularly Under Environmental Influences
Authors: Bilčík Juraj , Šoltész Július , Leppakorpi Matiašková Lýdia , Gajdošová Katarína 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper reports the results of a case study for achieving longer service life and increasing the environmental sustainability of concrete silos. Damage mechanisms in concrete silo walls, and respectively in cylindrical structures (e.g., chimneys, cooling towers, and tanks), are widely diverse. The common causes of failures include those due to poor design considerations, construction deficiencies, non-compliance with operational rules and regulations, lack of maintenance, and insufficient and/or corroded reinforcements, together with the environmental conditions affecting the walls. In addition to the ultimate limit state design, temperature-induced cracking may often be underestimated in the design of reinforced concrete silos, leading to premature deterioration and losses in serviceability. Cracks from environmental or service conditions facilitate the ingress of moisture and corrosive agents. Therefore, there is an increased interest in reducing the appearance of cracks and limiting their width. The aim of this paper is to highlight the synergistic effects in the design, construction, and operation of silo walls, particularly under varying environmental influences. The research undertaken indicates that systematic errors can be identified and corrected.
Risk Assessment Model Based on Fuzzy Logic for Residential Buildings
Authors: Hedaoo Namdeo , Pawar Amey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Risk is involved in every construction project. Residential building construction projects comprise a variety of risks and are more likely to be affected due to their difficulty and many operations and threats. The study aims to identify the various risk elements and their effect on construction projects of residential buildings using a fuzzy approach with the help of MATLAB software. This study includes 60 risk factors recognised through an expert opinion and literature review. These factors are categorised into 7 major groups, i.e., construction, project manager, architect/consultant, contractor, owner, resources, and external environment-specific risk factors. A questionnaire was prepared and sent using emails based on the identified risk factors to be filled out by construction industry professionals in India and by conducting in-person interviews. Based on the risk severities obtained from the fuzzy model, the top 10 risk factors have been considered. As a result, for identified top severe risk factors, a significant risk response strategy was implemented.
Detection of Changes in the Hydrological Balance in Seven River Basins Along the Western Carpathians in Slovakia
Authors: Anita KeszeliovÁ , Kamila HlavČovÁ , Michaela DanÁČovÁ , Zuzana DanÁČovÁ , Ján Szolgay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to a changing climate, likely changes to a hydrological regime are one of the primary sources of uncertainty to consider in managing water resources. In Slovakia, a decline in the country’s water resources, combined with a change in the seasonality of runoff and an increase in the extremeness of floods and droughts, represents a potential threat. The objective of the paper was to explore trends in the components of the long-term hydrological balance of various river basins to detect the impacts of changing climate conditions along the Western Carpathians. The proposed method is a comparative exploratory analysis of the hydrological balance of the selected river basins. Temporal changes in the catchments’ average air temperatures, precipitation, runoff, and their differences (considered as an index of the actual evapotranspiration), were estimated for 49 years of data; two non-overlapping sub-periods (25 and 24 years) in the seven river basins were also compared. This work also aims at evaluating the applicability of gridded inputs from the CarpatClim database for modelling the hydrological balance over an extended period. The results document the impact of the rising air temperature and, in part, local physiographic factors on the changes in runoff and actual catchment evapotranspiration.
The Family of Central Cantor Sets with Packing Dimension Zero
Authors: Nowakowski Piotr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As in the recent article of M. Balcerzak, T. Filipczak and P. Nowakowski, we identify the family CS of central Cantor subsets of [0, 1] with the Polish space X : = (0, 1)ℕ equipped with the probability product measure µ. We investigate the size of the family P
0 of sets in CS with packing dimension zero. We show that P
0 is meager and of µ measure zero while it is treated as the corresponding subset of X. We also check possible inclusions between P
0 and other subfamilies CS consisting of small sets.
On O’Malley Porouscontinuous Functions
Authors: Domnik Irena , Kowalczyk Stanisław , Turowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 2014, J. Borsík and J. Holos defined porouscontinuous functions. Using the notion of density in O’Malley sense, we introduce new definitions of porouscontinuity, namely MOr
and SOr
-continuity. Some relevant properties of these classes of functions are discussed.
Generalized Densities on ℝ
n
and their Applications
Authors: Filipczak Małgorzata , Terepeta Małgorzata 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We examine some generalized densities (called (ψ, n)-densities) obtained as a result of strengthening the Lebesgue Density Theorem. It turns out that these notions are the generalizations of superdensity, enhanced density and m-density, and have some applications in the theory of sets of finite perimeter and in Sobolev spaces.
A Fixed Point Approach to the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability Problem of Pexiderized Functional Equation in Modular Spaces
Authors: Saha Parbati , Mondal Pratap , Chqudhury Binayak S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider pexiderized functional equations for studying their Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability. This stability has been studied for a variety of mathematical structures. Our framework of discussion is a modular space. We adopt a fixed-point approach to the problem in which we use a generalized contraction mapping principle in modular spaces. The result is illustrated with an example.
A Certain Subclass of Analytic Functions with Negative Coefficients Defined by Gegenbauer Polynomials
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bolineni , Reddy Pinninti Thirupathi , Sridevi Settipalli , Sujatha Vaishnavy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new subclass of analytic functions with negative coefficients defined by Gegenbauer polynomials. We obtain coefficient bounds, growth and distortion properties, extreme points and radii of starlikeness, convexity and close-to-convexity for functions belonging to the class

T

S
λ
m

(
γ
,
e
,
k
,
v
)

TS_\lambda ^m(\gamma ,e,k,v)

. Furthermore, we obtained the Fekete-Szego problem for this class.
Super and Hyper Products of Super Relations
Authors: Száz Árpád 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
If R is a relation on X to Y, U is a relation on P (X) to Y, and V is a relation on P (X) to P (Y), then we say that R is an ordinary relation, U is a super relation, and V is a hyper relation on X to Y.
Motivated by an ingenious idea of Emilia Przemska on a unified treatment of open- and closed-like sets, we shall introduce and investigate here four reasonable notions of product relations for super relations.
In particular, for any two super relations U and V on X, we define two super relations U * V and U * V, and two hyper relations U ★ V and U * V on X such that :

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
=
(
A
∪
U
(
A
)
)
∩
V
(
A
)
,

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
=
(
A
∩
U
(
A
)
)
∪
U
(
A
)

\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}
{(U*V)(A) = (A\mathop \cup \nolimits^ U(A))\mathop \cap \nolimits^ V(A),}\\
{(U*V)(A) = (A\mathop \cap \nolimits^ U(A))\mathop \cup \nolimits^ U(A)}
\end{array}

and

(
U
★
V
)
(
A
)
=
{
B
⊆
X
:

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
⊆
B
⊆
(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
}
,

(
U
*
V
)
(
A
)
=
{
B
⊆
X
:

(
U
∩
V
)
(
A
)
⊆
B
⊆
(
U
∪
V
)
(
A
)
}

\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}
{(UV)(A) = \{ B \subseteq X:\,(U*V)(A) \subseteq B \subseteq (U*V)(A)\} ,}\\
{(U*V)(A) = \{ B \subseteq X:\,(U\mathop \cap \nolimits^ V)(A) \subseteq B \subseteq (U\mathop \cup \nolimits^ V)(A)\} }
\end{array}

for all A ⊆ X.
By using the distributivity of the operation ∩ over ∪, we can at once see that U * V ⊆ U * V. Moreover, if U ⊆ V, then we can also see that U * V = U * V. The most simple case is when U is an interior relation on X and V is the associated closure relation defined such that V (A) = U (Ac
)
c
for all A ⊆ X.
Hahn-Banach-Type Theorems and Subdifferentials for Invariant and Equivariant Order Continuous Vector Lattice-Valued Operators with Applications to Optimization
Authors: Boccuto Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We give some versions of Hahn-Banach, sandwich, duality, Moreau--Rockafellar-type theorems, optimality conditions and a formula for the subdifferential of composite functions for order continuous vector lattice-valued operators, invariant or equivariant with respect to a fixed group G of homomorphisms. As applications to optimization problems with both convex and linear constraints, we present some Farkas and Kuhn-Tucker-type results.
On Functions Preserving Products of Certain Classes of Semimetric Spaces
Authors: Lichman Mateusz , Nowakowski Piotr , Tcroboś Filip 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the paper, we continue the research of Borsík and Doboš on functions which allow us to introduce a metric to the product of metric spaces. We extend their scope to a broader class of spaces which usually fail to satisfy the triangle inequality, albeit they tend to satisfy some weaker form of this axiom. In particular, we examine the behavior of functions preserving b-metric inequality. We provide analogues of the results of Borsík and Doboš adjusted to the new broader setting. The results we obtained are illustrated with multitude of examples. Furthermore, the connections of newly introduced families of functions with the ones already known from the literature are investigated.
Ab initio Study of the Electronic and Optical Properties of Stable Boron Sheet
Authors: Ali Aqeel M. , Al-Mowali Ali H. 
Published: January 2022

Utilizing first principles calculations within PW91 exchange-correlation method, we investigated a boron sheet that exhibits related electronic properties. The 2-dimensional boron sheet is flattened and has an atomic structure where the pair cores of every three ordered hexagons within the hexagonal network are loaded up by extra atoms, which saves the triangular lattice symmetry. The boron sheet takes possession of intrinsic metal properties and the electronic bands are comparable to the bands of the graphene that are close to the Fermi level. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function show a metallic or semiconductor behaviour, depending on the electric field direction.