bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Wearing a Mask on Facial Attractiveness
Authors: Bassiri-Tehrani Brian , Nguyen Alvin , Choudhary Akriti , Guart Jiddu , Di Chiaro Bianca , Purnell Chad A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated masking in public spaces. Masks may impact the perceived attractiveness of individuals and hence, interpersonal relations.

Objectives
To determine if facial coverings affect attractiveness.

Methods
An online survey was conducted using 114 headshot images, 2 each—unmasked and masked—of 57 individuals. Two hundred and seven participants rated them on an ordinal scale from 1 (least attractive) to 10 (most attractive). Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed, as appropriate, for comparison.

Results
For the first quartile, the average rating increased significantly when wearing a mask (5.89 ± 0.29 and 6.54 ± 0.67; P = 0.01). For control images ranked within the fourth quartile, the average rating decreased significantly when wearing a mask (7.60 ± 0.26 and 6.62 ± 0.55; P &lt; 0.001). In the female subgroup (n = 34), there was a small increase in average rating when masked, whereas in the male subgroup (n = 23), there was a small decrease in average rating when masked, but the change was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). For unmasked female images ranked within the first quartile, the average rating increased significantly when wearing a mask (5.77 ± 0.27 and 6.76 ± 0.36; P = 0.001). For the female subgroup with mean ratings within the fourth quartile, the average decreased significantly when wearing a medical mask (7.53 ± 0.30 and 6.77 ± 0.53; P &lt; 0.05). For unmasked male images ranked within the first quartile, the average rating increased when wearing a medical mask but the change was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05), whereas for the control male images within the fourth quartile, the average rating decreased significantly when masked (7.72 ± 0.18 and 6.50 ± 0.54; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
While wearing a facial covering significantly increased attractiveness for images less attractive at baseline, and decreased attractiveness for those that are more attractive at baseline; it did not cause a significant overall change in attractiveness in the study population.

Level of Evidence: 5
Sexual selection for flight performance in hummingbirds
Authors: Wilcox Sean C , Clark Christopher J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmong size-dimorphic animals, a few clades such as hummingbirds show “reversed” sexual size dimorphism: females tend to be the larger sex. What selects for this pattern? Sexual selection for flight performance could drive the evolution of smaller, more agile males, either for male-male combat or female choice for aerial courtship displays. Alternately, natural selection can select for female fecundity (e.g., egg size influences female body size), or sex differences in foraging niche could favor body size differences. The sexual selection hypotheses predict that dimorphism extends to other aspects of flight morphology (e.g., flight muscle size) whereas the natural selection hypotheses predict that male and female flight morphologies are isometric, and the niche differentiation hypothesis predicts that bill dimorphism is correlated with size dimorphism. We tested these predictions through phylogenetic comparative analyses of flight morphology, wingbeat frequency, and courtship behaviors, focused on 30 species within the “bee” hummingbird clade (tribe Mellisugini). There is no correlation between bill morphology and dimorphism. Relative to females, males tend to be smaller, have proportionately shorter wings and higher hovering wingbeat frequencies, but also longer keels and larger flight muscles. Male wingbeat frequencies are greatly elevated during aerial displays, and the species with the greatest wingbeat frequencies have the greatest dimorphism. Of the four hypotheses for dimorphism, the data best support the hypothesis that female choice for courtship displays has selected for aerial agility and small size in male hummingbirds.
Echidna: integrated simulations of single-cell immune receptor repertoires and transcriptomes
Authors: Han Jiami , Masserey Solène , Shlesinger Danielle , Kuhn Raphael , Papadopoulou Chrysa , Agrafiotis Andreas , Kreiner Victor , Dizerens Raphael , Hong Kai-Lin , Weber Cédric , Greiff Victor , Oxenius Annette , Reddy Sai T , Yermanos Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell sequencing now enables the recovery of full-length immune receptor repertoires [B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires], in addition to gene expression information. The feature-rich datasets produced from such experiments require extensive and diverse computational analyses, each of which can significantly influence the downstream immunological interpretations, such as clonal selection and expansion. Simulations produce validated standard datasets, where the underlying generative model can be precisely defined and furthermore perturbed to investigate specific questions of interest. Currently, there is no tool that can be used to simulate single-cell datasets incorporating immune receptor repertoires and gene expression.ResultsWe developed Echidna, an R package that simulates immune receptors and transcriptomes at single-cell resolution with user-tunable parameters controlling a wide range of features such as clonal expansion, germline gene usage, somatic hypermutation, transcriptional phenotypes and spatial location. Echidna can additionally simulate time-resolved B cell evolution, producing mutational networks with complex selection histories incorporating class-switching and B cell subtype information. We demonstrated the benchmarking potential of Echidna by simulating clonal lineages and comparing the known simulated networks with those inferred from only the BCR sequences as input. Finally, we simulated immune repertoire information onto existing spatial transcriptomic experiments, thereby generating novel datasets that could be used to develop and integrate methods to profile clonal selection in a spatially resolved manner. Together, Echidna provides a framework that can incorporate experimental data to simulate single-cell immune repertoires to aid software development and bioinformatic benchmarking of clonotyping, phylogenetics, transcriptomics and machine learning strategies.Availability and implementationThe R package and code used in this manuscript can be found at github.com/alexyermanos/echidna and also in the R package Platypus (Yermanos et al., 2021). Installation instructions and the vignette for Echidna is described in the Platypus Computational Ecosystem (https://alexyermanos.github.io/Platypus/index.html). Publicly available data and corresponding sample accession numbers can be found in Supplementary Tables S2 and S3.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
The fate of porcine sperm CRISP2 from the perinuclear theca before and after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Zhang Min , Bromfield Elizabeth G , Helms J Bernd , Gadella Bart M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a previous study, we reported that porcine sperm cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (CRISP2) is localized in the post-acrosomal sheath-perinuclear theca (PT) as reduction-sensitive oligomers. In the current study, the decondensation and removal of CRISP2 was investigated during in vitro sperm capacitation, after both the induction of the acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization. Confocal immunofluorescent imaging revealed that additional CRISP2 fluorescence appeared on the apical ridge and on the equatorial segment (EqS) of the sperm head following capacitation, likely due to cholesterol removal. After an ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction, CRISP2 immunofluorescence disappeared from the apical ridge and the EqS area partly not only owing to the removal of the acrosomal shroud vesicles, but to its presence in a subdomain of EqS. The fate of sperm head CRISP2 was further examined post-fertilization. In vitro matured porcine oocytes were co-incubated with boar sperm cells for 6–8 h and the zygotes were processed for CRISP2 immunofluorescent staining. Notably, decondensation of CRISP2, and thus of the sperm PT, occurred while the sperm nucleus was still fully condensed. CRISP2 was no longer detectable in fertilized oocytes in which sperm nuclear decondensation and paternal pronucleus formation were apparent. This rapid dispersal of CRISP2 in the PT is likely regulated by redox reactions for which its cysteine-rich domain is sensitive. Reduction of disulfide bridges within CRISP2 oligomers may be instrumental for PT dispersal and elimination.
COVID-19 and the heart
Authors: Roy Roman , McDonaugh Benedict , O’Gallagher Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There is evidence for a bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular (CV) system.

Source of data
Published literature.

Areas of agreement
Pre-existing heart failure (HF) increases the risk of mortality with COVID-19. CV complications are recognized, including increased rates of acute coronary syndromes, HF, arrhythmia and myocarditis. Drugs targeting the angiotensin system are safe and may provide prognostic benefit.

Areas of controversy
Vaccination as a cause of myocarditis remains a key area of contention.

Growing points
As the pandemic progresses, we are gaining more data about the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the CV system: long COVID, and medium-to-long-term increases in CV risk.

Areas timely for developing research
Large-scale longitudinal studies will shed light on long-term CV outcomes with COVID-19. Furthermore, the differential effects of COVID-19 variants on the CV system must be investigated.
The use of optical coherence tomography in neurology: a review
Authors: Xie Jim S , Donaldson Laura , Margolin Edward 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography is a non-invasive, cost-efficient technique that provides high-resolution in vivo imaging of retinal tissue. The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and macular ganglion cell complex are surrogate markers of neuroaxonal integrity in not only the eye, but also the CNS. Retinal atrophy may occur in tandem with CNS pathologies as a result of injury to ganglion cells, direct degeneration of the pregeniculate pathway, or retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration secondary to postgeniculate lesions. In this review, we outline the basic principles of optical coherence tomography and discuss its application to managing patients with demyelinating disorders, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, stroke, neurodegenerative conditions, and mitochondrial disorders. We demonstrate that measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and macular ganglion cell complex thickness are paramount in diagnosing and monitoring neurological disorders, including those with subclinical disease progression.
Post-artesunate Delayed Hemolysis in Patients With Severe Malaria in the United States—April 2019 Through July 2021
Authors: Abanyie Francisca , Ng Joanna , Tan Kathrine R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of intravenous artesunate (IVAS) for treatment of severe malaria in endemic and nonendemic countries. However, post-artesunate delayed hemolysis (PADH) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon after its administration. This study describes the prevalence and outcomes of PADH events among severe malaria cases treated with IVAS in the United States.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with severe malaria and treated with IVAS from April 2019 to July 2021 were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcome measures were described using proportions, medians, and interquartile range. Patients reported to experience PADH were compared with those not reported to have PADH, and tests of significance were performed.

Results
Of 332 patients included in our analysis, 9 (2.7%) experienced PADH. The majority of infections in both groups were in non-Hispanic Black individuals. Parasite density (11.0% vs 8.0%), admission hemoglobin (11.0 g/dL vs 11.8 g/dL) were similar in the 2 groups. Total bilirubin levels at admission (4.7 mg/dL vs 2.2 mg/dL) and within 8 hours after completion of IVAS (2.6 mg/dL vs 1.2 mg/dL) were notably higher in PADH patients. Cumulative IVAS dose of &gt;9.5 mg/kg and &gt;3 doses of IVAS were risk factors for PADH. The majority (7 of 9) of PADH cases were diagnosed within 2 weeks after initiation of IVAS. Five patients (56%) required blood transfusions, and all recovered without sequelae.

Conclusions
PADH is an uncommon and self-limiting adverse event in many cases; weekly monitoring of hemoglobin and hemolytic markers may identify cases requiring intervention in a timely manner.
Challenges and opportunities for mining adverse drug reactions: perspectives from pharma, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers and consumers
Authors: Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela , Krallinger Martin , Muñoz Monica , Rodriguez-Esteban Raul , Uzuner Özlem , Hirschman Lynette 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monitoring drug safety is a central concern throughout the drug life cycle. Information about toxicity and adverse events is generated at every stage of this life cycle, and stakeholders have a strong interest in applying text mining and artificial intelligence (AI) methods to manage the ever-increasing volume of this information. Recognizing the importance of these applications and the role of challenge evaluations to drive progress in text mining, the organizers of BioCreative VII (Critical Assessment of Information Extraction in Biology) convened a panel of experts to explore ‘Challenges in Mining Drug Adverse Reactions’. This article is an outgrowth of the panel; each panelist has highlighted specific text mining application(s), based on their research and their experiences in organizing text mining challenge evaluations. While these highlighted applications only sample the complexity of this problem space, they reveal both opportunities and challenges for text mining to aid in the complex process of drug discovery, testing, marketing and post-market surveillance. Stakeholders are eager to embrace natural language processing and AI tools to help in this process, provided that these tools can be demonstrated to add value to stakeholder workflows. This creates an opportunity for the BioCreative community to work in partnership with regulatory agencies, pharma and the text mining community to identify next steps for future challenge evaluations.
Mocking the Fear of Ghosts in Ronsard’s
Hymnes
(1555–56)
Authors: Roullière Alice 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This article argues that Ronsard’s
Hymnes
(1555–56) offer an ironic reading of ghost figures and the fear of daimons. Through various strategies that aim to create a form of complicity with the reader, the
Hymnes
challenge the seriousness of ghosts by mocking the fear they induce. Throughout the
Hymnes
, which offer a double reading (a cryptic one, to be understood only by a few, and an explicitly allegorical one), the poet pokes fun at the supposed power of ghostly and demonic figures in order to provoke laughter, and specifically to laugh with his own patrons and friends. This article examines the figure of Charles de Lorraine and the well-known poem ‘Les Daimons’ to show that despite the explicit demonological content of the
Hymnes
, their poetics clearly gesture towards a celebration of playful ‘fantaisie’, which even when intended to provoke fear can be enjoyed with humour and derision.
Positive Aspects of Caregiving Are Associated With Lower Risk of Frailty and Sleep Disruption in the National Study of Caregiving
Authors: Wennberg Alexandra M , Anderson Loretta R , Chen-Edinboro Lenis P , Cagnin Annachiara , Pini Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adult caregivers have compounded risk for adverse health outcomes; however, evidence investigating the association between caregiving and frailty has been limited. In the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC), we examined the cross-sectional association between caregiving experiences and frailty and sleep disruption.

Research Design and Methods
We included 621 caregivers aged 65 and older from the 2011 NSOC round. They completed a phone interview, including 36 items about caregiving. Using principal component analysis, we identified 3 caregiving components: general burden, positive emotions, and financial-led burden. Frailty was assessed via low energy, shrinking, weakness, reduced activity, and poor self-rated health. Sleep disruption was assessed with 2 questions regarding sleep interruption and trouble falling back asleep.

Results
In models adjusted for age, sex, education, depression and anxiety symptoms, and medical conditions, positive emotions were associated with a reduced relative risk of frailty (relative risk [RR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90, 0.99) while general burden (proportional odds ratio [POR] = 1.96, 95% CI 1.30, 2.93) and financial-led burden (POR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.22, 3.06) were associated with sleep interruption.

Discussion and Implications
Caregiver burden was associated with increased frailty and sleep interruption. Positive emotions were associated with decreased frailty risk. Interventions aimed at reducing the burden and increasing positive emotions in caregivers may improve frailty outcomes.
From Policy Relevance to Present Relevance: Entanglement, Scholarly Responsibility, and the Ethics of Quantum Social Theory
Authors: McIntosh Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDebates about the role of international relations (IR) scholarship in contemporary politics historically privilege “policy relevance” as both a goal and site of debate. The role of scholarship, scholars, and scholarly collectives has become increasingly resonant given the overlapping crises of white supremacy, police violence, and state repression in the United States, the worldwide pandemic, and the antidemocratic nationalist politics throughout Europe and the United States. Critical IR and critical security studies typically resist policy engagement entirely, positioning critical thought and inquiry as political intervention in and of itself. Here, I explore that claim using quantum concepts that foreground the inextricability of entanglement in thinking politics, ethics, and action. Ultimately, I argue that IR should move toward engaging and being responsible to the/a political present. Drawing on the temporality in IR literature, I argue that we are always already entangled with a heterotemporal present. Framing the question of political relevance as a binary of for/against precludes an effective assessment of the politics and normative meaning of scholarly interventions into contemporary politics. By reformulating our understanding of scholarship as produced by and reproducing a political present, something with which we are inevitably entangled whether we choose to be or not, the question of relevance becomes reoriented toward scholarly relationships with a/many presents, and consequently, a/many pasts and futures. Negotiating this dynamic is a more complex question than the narrow formulation of policy and/or political recommendations, and requires a fundamental rethinking of the presumption that scholarship in and of itself is sufficient.
Waxy is an important factor for grain fissure resistance and head rice yield as revealed by a genome-wide association study
Authors: Deng Zhuyun , Liu Yuxia , Gong Chunyan , Chen Bingtang , Wang Tai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Head rice yield (HRY) is an essential quality trait, and is sensitive to environmental stresses during the grain-filling, harvest, and postharvest stages. It is therefore important for rice production and global food security to select for superior HRY traits; however, the molecular basis of this trait remains unknown. Using diverse rice germplasm material, we performed a genome-wide association study of grain fissure resistance (GFR), the phenotype most associated with HRY, and found that the granule-bound starch synthase I gene Waxy is an important gene controlling GFR. Analysis of near-isogenic lines demonstrated that genetic variations in Waxy conferred different levels of tolerance to fissuring in grains. The null allele wx resulted in the highest GFR, while alleles that increased amylose synthesis reduced GFR. Increases in amylose content led to increases in the ratio of the widths of the amorphous layer to the semi-crystalline layer of the starch granules, and also to increased occurrence of chalkiness. The layer structure determined GFR by affecting the degree of swelling of granules in response to moisture, and chalkiness acted as an accelerator of moisture infiltration to rapidly increase the number of swelling granules. Our study reveals the molecular basis of GFR and HRY, thus opening the door for further understanding of the molecular networks of GFR and HRY.
Multifaceted roles of the ERECTA family in plant organ morphogenesis
Authors: Jiang Hengke , Chen Yuhui , Liu Yuhan , Shang Jing , Sun Xin , Du Junbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReceptor-like kinases (RLKs) can participate in multiple signalling pathways and are considered one of the most critical components of the early events of intercellular signalling. As an RLK, the ERECTA family (ERf), which comprises ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-Like1 (ERL1), and ERECTA-Like2 (ERL2) in Arabidopsis, regulates multiple signalling pathways in plant growth and development. Despite its indispensability, detailed information on ERf-manipulated signalling pathways remains elusive. In this review, we attempt to summarize the essential roles of the ERf in plant organ morphogenesis, including shoot apical meristem, stem, and reproductive organ development.
Total Analytical Error and Measurement Uncertainty for Analytical Performance Evaluation and Determination of Gray Zones of Glucose Critical Value Limits
Authors: Karadağ Canan , Demirel Nafi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTotal analytical error (TAE) and measurement uncertainty (MU) are important approaches to evaluating and improving the quality of measurement procedures. This study evaluates glucose analytical performance (AP) according to TAE and MU and calculates gray zones of glucose critical value limits.MethodsUsing TAE and MU values, AP was evaluated according to 5 different analytical performance specifications (APS) and the gray zones of critical value limits were calculated. The number of patients in these zones was compared.ResultsTAE was higher than MU at all 3 levels. The AP for the low glucose level was poor. The number of patients in the gray zones was statistically higher in the TAE groups than in the MU groups (P &lt; .05).ConclusionTAE and MU values can be used to evaluate the AP of glucose measurement as well as to evaluate the compliance of patient results with decision limits by creating gray zones.