bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of sleep quality in children: Sex‐specific associations shown by brain diffusion tractography
Authors: Raja Rajikha , Na Xiaoxu , Badger Thomas M. , Ou Xiawei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeSleep quality is important for healthy growth and development of children. We aimed to identify associations between sleep disturbances in healthy children without clinical diagnosis of sleep disorders and brain white matter (WM) microstructure using an advanced diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) based tractography analysis, and to explore whether there are sex differences in these associations.MethodsBrain DW‐MRI data were collected from sixty‐two 8‐year‐old children (28 boys, 34 girls) whose parents also completed Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Track‐weighted imaging (TWI) measures were computed from the DW‐MRI data for 37 WM tracts in each subject. Sex‐specific partial correlation analyses were performed to evaluate correlations between TWI measures and a set of sleep disturbance scores derived from the CSHQ.ResultsSignificant correlations (P < .05, FDR‐corrected; r: .48‐.67) were identified in 13 WM tracts between TWI and sleep disturbance scores. Sexually dimorphic differences in correlations between sleep disturbance scores and WM microstructure measurements were observed. Specifically, in boys, daytime sleepiness positively correlated with track‐weighted mean or radial diffusivity in 10 WM tracts (bilateral arcuate fasciculus, left cingulum, right middle longitudinal fasciculus, and three bilateral segments of superior longitudinal fasciculus). In girls, total CSHQ score, night walking, or sleep onset delay negatively correlated with track‐weighted fractional anisotropy or axial diffusivity in 4 WM tracts (bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that sleep disturbances without clinical diagnosis of sleep disorders are associated with lower WM microstructural integrity in children. Additionally, the associations possess unique patterns in boys and girls.
Historical museum samples enable the examination of divergent and parallel evolution during invasion
Authors: Stuart Katarina C. , Sherwin William B. , Austin Jeremy J. , Bateson Melissa , Eens Marcel , Brandley Matthew C. , Rollins Lee A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the Anthropocene, Earth has experienced unprecedented habitat loss, native species decline and global climate change. Concurrently, greater globalization is facilitating species movement, increasing the likelihood of alien species establishment and propagation. There is a great need to understand what influences a species’ ability to persist or perish within a new or changing environment. Examining genes that may be associated with a species’ invasion success or persistence informs invasive species management, assists with native species preservation and sheds light on important evolutionary mechanisms that occur in novel environments. This approach can be aided by coupling spatial and temporal investigations of evolutionary processes. Here we use the common starling, Sturnus vulgaris, to identify parallel and divergent evolutionary change between contemporary native and invasive range samples and their common ancestral population. To do this, we use reduced‐representation sequencing of native samples collected recently in northwestern Europe and invasive samples from Australia, together with museum specimens sampled in the UK during the mid‐19th century. We found evidence of parallel selection on both continents, possibly resulting from common global selective forces such as exposure to pollutants. We also identified divergent selection in these populations, which might be related to adaptive changes in response to the novel environment encountered in the introduced Australian range. Interestingly, signatures of selection are equally as common within both invasive and native range contemporary samples. Our results demonstrate the value of including historical samples in genetic studies of invasion and highlight the ongoing and occasionally parallel role of adaptation in both native and invasive ranges.
The rice heavy‐metal transporter OsNRAMP1 regulates disease resistance by modulating ROS homoeostasis
Authors: Chu Chuanliang , Huang Renyan , Liu Liping , Tang Guilin , Xiao Jinghua , Yoo Heejin , Yuan Meng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCrop diseases threaten food security and sustainable agriculture. Consumption of crops containing nonessential toxic metals leads to health risks for humans. Therefore, cultivation of disease‐resistant and toxic metal‐safe crops is a double‐gain strategy that can contribute to food security. Here, we show that rice heavy‐metal transporter OsNRAMP1 plays an important role in plant immunity by modulating metal ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homoeostasis. OsNRAMP1 expression was induced after pathogenic bacteria and fungi infections. The osnramp1 mutants had an increased content of H2O2 and activity of superoxide dismutase, but decreased activity of catalase, showing enhanced broad‐spectrum resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens. RNA‐seq analysis identified a number of differentially expressed genes that were involved in metal ion and ROS homoeostasis. Altered expression of metal ion‐dependent ROS‐scavenging enzymes genes and lower accumulation of cations such as Mn together induced compromised metal ion‐dependent enzyme‐catalysing activity and modulated ROS homoeostasis, which together contributed towards disease resistance in osnramp1 mutants. Furthermore, the osnramp1 mutants contained lower levels of toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb and micronutrients Ni and Mn in leaves and grains. Taken together, a proof of concept was achieved that broad‐spectrum disease‐resistant and toxic heavy‐metal‐safe rice was engineered by removal of the OsNRAMP1 gene.
DNA methylation in tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Liu Zhiya , Wu Xuetong , Liu Huwei , Zhang Meiling , Liao Weibiao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFleshy fruit, the most economical and nutritional value unique to flowering plants, is an important part of our daily diet. Previous studies have shown that fruit ripening is regulated by transcription factors and the plant hormone ethylene, but recent research has also shown that epigenetics also plays an essential role, especially DNA methylation. DNA methylation is the process of transferring –CH3 to the fifth carbon of cytosine residues under the action of methyltransferase to form 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC). So far, most works have been focused on tomato. Tomato ripening is dynamically regulated by DNA methylation and demethylation, but the understanding of this mechanism is still in its infancy. The dysfunction of a DNA demethylase, DEMETER‐like DNA demethylases 2 (DML2), prevents the ripening of tomato fruits, but immature fruits ripen prematurely under the action of DNA methylation inhibitors. Additionally, studies have shown that the relationship between fruit quality and DNA methylation is not linear, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we review the recent advances in the role of DNA methylation in tomato fruit ripening, the interaction of ripening transcription factors and DNA methylation, and its effects on quality. Then, a number of questions for future research of DNA methylation regulation in tomato fruit ripening is proposed.
Bacteria in biofloc technology aquaculture systems: roles and mediating factors
Authors: Abakari Godwin , Wu Xia , He Xi , Fan Lipeng , Luo Guozhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe abundance of nitrogen compounds, phosphorous compounds and organic matter in biofloc technology (BFT) aquaculture systems creates an ideal medium for increasing microbial communities and load. The abundance of microbial DNA found in BFT aquaculture systems is hypothesised to be among the greatest in current aquaculture systems. Several factors mediate the bacterial diversity, relative abundance and dynamics in BFT systems. This review focusses on the bacteria in BFT aquaculture systems, their role as food for animals present in the culture and their various relationships with major nutrients. The analytical techniques available for determining bacterial integrity and function are reviewed along with the factors that affect microbial community structure, water quality and production performance. Future investigations to characterise bacteria in BFT aquaculture systems and their roles and mediating factors are suggested.
Assessing Milankovitch forcing in disconformity‐prone cyclic shallow‐water carbonates, Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian), Adriatic Platform, Croatia
Authors: Husinec Antun , Read J. Fred 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost Upper Jurassic studies of astronomical forcing have focused on deeper‐water sections which are relatively continuous. An Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) section on the greenhouse Adriatic Carbonate Platform, Croatia, was studied to determine if astronomical forcing can be recognized in a 5.8 ± 0.1 Myr duration, disconformity‐prone shallow platform succession. The succession consists of metre‐scale subtidal parasequences intermixed with peritidal parasequences, and intermittent subaerial breccias at sequence boundaries. Ages were constrained by biostratigraphy and δ13C chemostratigraphy, and most sequence boundaries appear to match those of the coastal onlap curve of Haq (2018). Logged sections were converted into depth–rank time series and parasequence–thickness time series. Accumulation rates were statistically evaluated for the rank series against an astronomical‐forcing model, and compared with long‐term accumulation rates (thickness divided by time). The statistical rates were used to select the ca 100 kyr eccentricity cycle to tune the series. Spectral analysis showed peaks at ca 400 kyr (superbundles) and ca 100 kyr (bundles), along with obliquity (38 kyr and 27 kyr) and precessional (18−22 kyr) cycles (parasequences). The Kimmeridgian sequences are ca 400 kyr, ca 800 kyr and ca 1.1 Myr duration. Sequence scale (0.4 to 1.2 Myr) stratigraphic completeness based on statistical accumulation rates versus long‐term rates is ca 60%. This study estimates ca 1 Myr missing time in parasequences stacked into superbundles and 1.6 Myr in four major sequence boundaries. Given that the Kimmeridgian was the hottest time of the Middle and Late Jurassic, aquifer eustasy may have influenced the timing of sequence boundaries, although documented late Kimmeridgian cooling could have triggered a glacio‐eustatic component.
Lack of xyloglucan in the cell walls of the Arabidopsis xxt1/xxt2 mutant results in specific increases in homogalacturonan and glucomannan
Authors: Sowinski Evan E. , Westman Bryce M. , Redmond Celeste R. , Kong Yingzhen , Olek Anna T. , Olek Jan , McCann Maureen C. , Carpita Nicholas C. 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYMutations in both ArabidopsisXyloglucan Xylosyltransferase1 (XXT1) and Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferase2 (XXT2) result in the absence of the major hemicellulose, xyloglucan (XyG). The growth physiology, tensile strength, and cell wall compositions of etiolated hypocotyls of xxt1/xxt2 double and xxt1/xxt2/xxt5 triple mutants were characterized and compared with those of mur2 and mur3 mutations that alter the side group composition of XyG. Wild type and mur2 demonstrated normal elongation growth, whereas the xxt double and triple mutants and mur3 showed reduced elongation and cell swelling at the base of the hypocotyl at the later stages of elongation. Whereas mur3 hypocotyls had reduced tensile strength, the xxt double and triple mutants had similar tensile strengths as wild type, but reached breaking points at lower strains. Loss of XyG in hypocotyls and rosette leaf cell walls was associated with specific increases in the relative abundance of homogalacturonan and the hemicellulose glucomannan, but not arabinoxylan. The increased homogalacturonan and glucomannan abundance did not result from enhanced expression of their polymer synthases. An analysis of published transcriptomic data indicated that genes encoding some members of the expansin, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, arabinogalactan‐protein, and structural protein families were upregulated in the xxt mutants. We hypothesize that an as yet unknown mechanism exists by which pectin and hemicellulose abundance can be altered other than by increased rates of biosynthesis to maintain a structurally sound cell wall.
Power Efficient Active Vibration Control Via Twin Rotor Damper in the Presence of Gravity
Authors: Terrill Richard , Starossek Uwe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The twin rotor damper (TRD) is a device which primarily utilizes centrifugal forces for active vibration control. In its basic form, the TRD consists of two eccentric control masses rotating about two parallel axes. In a preferred mode of operation, the continuous rotation mode (CRM), the control masses rotate in opposite directions with a constant and equal angular velocity. This rotational motion results in a harmonic control force. In previous research, it has been shown that, in the CRM, the TRD can effectively damp vibrations while requiring little to no power from its actuators. However, this holds only for lateral vibrations, vibration perpendicular to gravitational forces, ergo gravity has no influence on the motion of the control masses. In this paper, the influence of gravity on the CRM is investigated analytically for the first time. It is shown that the TRD requires substantially greater power in the CRM to periodically lift the control masses against gravity. Subsequently, the CRM is augmented with an auxiliary function in the form of a Fourier series. This function is optimized such that the increase in power due to gravity is minimized while maintaining the damping performance of the TRD. The effects of augmenting the CRM are investigated, and a control algorithm is developed for the operation in the augmented CRM. In a numerical design example, it is shown that, with the augmented CRM, the power efficiency of the TRD can be regained at the cost of moderately reducing its damping performance.
Hip–Knee Joint Coordination Patterns are Associated With Patellofemoral Joint Cartilage Composition in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Samaan Michael A. , Pedoia Valentina , Tanaka Matthew S. , Souza Richard B. , Benjamin Ma C. , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: January 2022

Joint coordination variability during walking that is associated with patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess between-limb differences in joint coordination variability and to determine the relationship of coordination variability with postoperative patellofemoral joint cartilage composition. Thirty-five patients underwent bilateral gait analysis and a magnetic resonance exam of the reconstructed knee joint at 6 months post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Vector coding was used to assess coordination variability during the early (1%–33%), mid (34%–66%), and late (67%–100%) stance phase. The T1ρ/T2 mapping was used to evaluate the glycosaminoglycan–collagen matrix of the patellar and femoral trochlear cartilage. Compared with the uninjured limb, the reconstructed limb exhibited higher hip sagittal/knee sagittal plane coordination variability during midstance as well as higher knee sagittal/ankle sagittal plane coordination variability during both mid and late stance. The hip sagittal/knee sagittal plane coordination variability during midstance predicted 14.6% of the variance in patellar cartilage T1ρ values within the reconstructed limb. In addition, sex of participants was able to predict 32.4% and 13.7% of the variance in femoral trochlea T1ρ and T2 values, respectively. The study results demonstrate that a multijoint mechanism may be associated with early patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration at 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Eruption dynamics leading to a volcanic thunderstorm—The January 2020 eruption of Taal volcano, Philippines
Authors: Van Eaton Alexa R. , Smith Cassandra M. , Pavolonis Michael , Said Ryan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdvances in global lightning detection have provided novel ways to characterize explosive volcanism. However, researchers are still at the early stages of understanding how volcanic plumes become electrified on different spatial and temporal scales. We deconstructed the phreatomagmatic eruption of Taal volcano (Philippines) on 12 January 2020 to investigate the origin of its powerful volcanic thunderstorm. Satellite analysis indicated that the water-rich plume rose &gt;10 km high before creating lightning detected by Vaisala's global lightning data set (GLD360). Flash rates increased with plume heights and cloud expansion over time, producing &gt;70 flashes min–1. Photographs revealed a highly electrified region at the base of the umbrella cloud, where we infer strong convective updrafts and icy collisions enhanced the electrical activity. These findings inform a conceptual model with overlapping regimes of charge generation in wet eruptions—initially due to ash particle collisions near the vent, followed by thunderstorm-like electrification in icy regions of the upper plume. Despite the wide reach of Taal's ash cloud, most of the lightning occurred within 20–30 km of the volcano, producing thousands of hazardous cloud-to-ground flashes over a densely populated area. The eruption demonstrates that volcanic lightning can pose a hazard in its own right, embedded within the broader hazards of explosive volcanism in an urban setting.
Profiling the tackle and its injury characteristics in premier New Zealand club rugby union players over a complete season
Authors: Takamori Sohei , Hamlin Michael John , King Doug , Hume Patria A , Tachikawa Kosuke , Koyanagi Ryuta , Yoshida Toru 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesRugbySmart is a safe tackle technique education programme. Our objective was to identify whether the RugbySmart-recommended safe tackle technique was exhibited by club rugby players and whether tackle-related injuries showed poor tackle technique characteristics.MethodsThe prospective cohort design enabled 28 senior club based amateur male rugby union players from New Zealand to be followed over 18 matches in the 2017 rugby season. Game video analysis by three analysts provided categorisation of tackle technique into type, approach, foot contact, leading foot and rear foot position, face and head position. Injuries were diagnosed by the same sports medicine physician.ResultsIn the 18 matches, 28 players completed a combined total of 3006 tackles, with only six tackle-related injuries sustained. Notable findings included: (1) forwards complete more tackles than backs; (2) shoulder tackles were the most prevalent tackle; (3) good tackle technique as promoted by RugbySmart was demonstrated in 57.9% of all tackles and (4) of the six tackle-related injuries, two occurred despite RugbySmart desired tackle techniques.ConclusionThis is the first study to investigate whether players were performing the recommended ‘safe tackle technique’ proposed by New Zealand Rugby’s RugbySmart programme. As two of six tackle-related injuries occurred despite the RugbySmart preferred technique being performed, further technique analysis and a larger sample are needed to determine what techniques reduce risk of injury during tackles. As only 57.9% of tackles were performed with RugbySmart head and foot positions, further research and education regarding tackle technique recommendations are needed.
Simplified data science approach to extract social and behavioural determinants: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Teng Andrew , Wilcox Adam 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesWe aim to extract a subset of social factors from clinical notes using common text classification methods.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingWe collaborated with a local level I trauma hospital located in an underserved area that has a housing unstable patient population of about 6.5% and extracted text notes related to various social determinants for acute care patients.ParticipantsNotes were retrospectively extracted from 43 798 acute care patients.MethodsWe solely use open source Python packages to test simple text classification methods that can potentially be easily generalisable and implemented. We extracted social history text from various sources, such as admission and emergency department notes, over a 5-year timeframe and performed manual chart reviews to ensure data quality. We manually labelled the sentiment of the notes, treating each text entry independently. Four different models with two different feature selection methods (bag of words and bigrams) were used to classify and predict housing stability, tobacco use and alcohol use status for the extracted clinical text.ResultsFrom our analysis, we found overall positive results and metrics in applying open-source classification techniques; the accuracy scores were 91.2%, 84.7%, 82.8% for housing stability, tobacco use and alcohol use, respectively. There were many limitations in our analysis including social factors not present due to patient condition, multiple copy-forward entries and shorthand. Additionally, it was difficult to translate usage degrees for tobacco and alcohol use. However, when compared with structured data sources, our classification approach on unstructured notes yielded more results for housing and alcohol use; tobacco use proved less fruitful for unstructured notes.
Determining feasibility of incorporating consumer engagement into implementation activities: study protocol of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type II pilot
Authors: Woodward Eva N , Willging Cathleen , Landes Sara J , Hausmann Leslie R M , Drummond Karen L , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Ball Irenia A , Kirchner JoAnn E 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionImplementation researchers could draw from participatory research to engage patients (consumers of healthcare) in implementation processes and possibly reduce healthcare disparities. There is a little consumer involvement in healthcare implementation, partially because no formal guidance exists. We will create and pilot a toolkit of methods to engage consumers from the US’ Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in selecting and tailoring implementation strategies. This toolkit, Consumer Voice, will provide guidance on what, when, where, how and why an implementer might engage consumers in implementing treatments. We will pilot the toolkit by implementing Safety Planning Intervention for suicide prevention with rural veterans, a population with suicide disparities. Safety Planning Intervention is effective for reducing suicidal behaviours.Methods and analysisIn Aim 1, we will use participatory approaches and user-centred design to develop Consumer Voice and its methods. In Aim 2, we will pilot Consumer Voice by implementing the Safety Planning Intervention in two clinics serving rural VHA patients. One site will receive a current implementation strategy (Implementation Facilitation) only; the second will receive Implementation Facilitation plus Consumer Voice. We will use mixed methods to assess feasibility and acceptability of Consumer Voice. We will compare sites on preliminary implementation (reach, adoption, fidelity) and clinical outcomes (depression severity, suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviour). In Aim 3, we will evaluate Aim 2 outcomes at 20 months to assess sustained impact. We will gather qualitative data on sustainability of the Safety Planning Intervention.Ethics and disseminationThese studies are overseen by the Institutional Review Board at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System. We plan to use traditional academic modalities of dissemination (eg, conferences, publications). We plan to disseminate findings through meetings with other trainers in implementation practice so they may adopt Consumer Voice. We plan to share results with local community boards.