bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise suppresses mouse systemic AApoAII amyloidosis through enhancement of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Cui Xiaoran , Sawashita Jinko , Dai Jian , Liu Chang , Igarashi Yuichi , Mori Masayuki , Miyahara Hiroki , Higuchi Keiichi 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Exercise interventions are beneficial for reducing the risk of age-related diseases, including amyloidosis, but the underlying molecular links remain unclear. Here, we investigated the protective role of interval exercise training in a mouse model of age-related systemic apolipoprotein A-II amyloidosis (AApoAII) and identified potential mechanisms. Mice subjected to 16 weeks of exercise showed improved whole-body physiologic functions and exhibited substantial inhibition of amyloidosis, particularly in the liver and spleen. Exercise activated the hepatic p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway and the downstream transcription factor tumor suppressor p53. This activation resulted in elevated expression and phosphorylation of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), a chaperone that defends against protein aggregation. In amyloidosis-induced mice, the hepatic p38 MAPK-related adaptive responses were additively enhanced by exercise. We observed that with exercise, greater amounts of phosphorylated HSPB1 accumulated at amyloid deposition areas, which we suspect inhibits amyloid fibril formation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the exercise-activated specific chaperone prevention of amyloidosis, and suggest that exercise may amplify intracellular stress-related protective adaptation pathways against age-associated disorders, such as amyloidosis.
TLE4 regulates muscle stem cell quiescence and skeletal muscle differentiation
Authors: Agarwal Megha , Bharadwaj Anushree , Mathew Sam J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Muscle stem (satellite) cells express Pax7, a key transcription factor essential for satellite cell maintenance and adult muscle regeneration. We identify the corepressor transducin-like enhancer of split-4 (TLE4) as a Pax7 interaction partner expressed in quiescent satellite cells under homeostasis. A subset of satellite cells transiently downregulate TLE4 during early time points following muscle injury. We identify these to be activated satellite cells, and that TLE4 downregulation is required for Myf5 activation and myogenic commitment. Our results indicate that TLE4 represses Pax7-mediated Myf5 transcriptional activation by occupying the −111 kb Myf5 enhancer to maintain quiescence. Loss of TLE4 function causes Myf5 upregulation, an increase in satellite cell numbers and altered differentiation dynamics during regeneration. Thus, we have uncovered a novel mechanism to maintain satellite cell quiescence and regulate muscle differentiation mediated by the corepressor TLE4.
Drp1 regulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes in embryonic hearts
Authors: Zhao Qiancong , Yan Shun , Lu Jin , Parker Danitra J. , Wu Huiying , Sun Qianchuang , Crossman David K. , Liu Shanrun , Wang Qin , Sesaki Hiromi , Mitra Kasturi , Liu Kexiang , Jiao Kai 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes severe congenital cardiac abnormalities and prenatal/neonatal lethality. The lack of sufficient knowledge regarding how mitochondrial abnormalities affect cardiogenesis poses a major barrier for the development of clinical applications that target mitochondrial deficiency-induced inborn cardiomyopathies. Mitochondrial morphology, which is regulated by fission and fusion, plays a key role in determining mitochondrial activity. Dnm1l encodes a dynamin-related GTPase, Drp1, which is required for mitochondrial fission. To investigate the role of Drp1 in cardiogenesis during the embryonic metabolic shift period, we specifically inactivated Dnm1l in second heart field-derived structures. Mutant cardiomyocytes in the right ventricle (RV) displayed severe defects in mitochondrial morphology, ultrastructure and activity. These defects caused increased cell death, decreased cell survival, disorganized cardiomyocytes and embryonic lethality. By characterizing this model, we reveal an AMPK-SIRT7-GABPB axis that relays the reduced cellular energy level to decrease transcription of ribosomal protein genes in cardiomyocytes. We therefore provide the first genetic evidence in mouse that Drp1 is essential for RV development. Our research provides further mechanistic insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction causes pathological molecular and cellular alterations during cardiogenesis.
Characterization of Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent, Choline Chloride/Glutamic Acid, as Efficient Solvent for Lignin Dissolution
Authors: Saito Kaori , Hashizume Tomohiro , Kitayama Kenji , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel amino acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES), choline chloride (ChCl)/glutamic acid (Glu), was developed as a green renewable solvent for efficient biomass pretreatment. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that Glu is rapidly converted to pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) through dehydration during the DES formation. However, hydrogen bond formation differed between ChCl/Glu DES and DES formed by mixing ChCl/pGlu. Furthermore, lignin was dissolved readily at 10% concentration in ChCl/Glu DES, indicating significant potential for application of ChCl/Glu DES in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment.
Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Chiral Tetrahydrocarbazoles with Allenylsilanes from Racemic Indolylmethanols
Authors: Umemiya Shigenobu , Lingqi Kong , Eto Yuno , Terada Masahiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of chiral tetrahydrocarbazoles (THCs) containing an allene moiety is disclosed, which was established by an enantioconvergent substitution reaction catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid. Racemic indolylmethanols bearing the THC motif reacted with N-methylpyrrole in the presence of the SPINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acid to give the corresponding chiral THCs with allenylsilanes in good yields with high enantioselectivities.
3D Interconnected N-doped Carbon/Sulfur Derived from Organic-inorganic Hybrid ZnS Superlattice Nanorods for High-performance Lithium-sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Xu Juan , Mi Liwei , Huo Kaifu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
S/C composites in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are conventionally prepared by melt-diffusion method, by which S is difficult to uniformly distribute into matrix. Herein, a novel 3D N-doped carbon/sulfur (S/CNx) composite is fabricated by a simple in situ oxidizing reaction, which delivers a specific capacity of 830 mA h g−1 at 1 C after 100 cycles with 98.8% of capacity retention. The unique synthetic strategy in this work could provide a new thought for designing high performance Li-S batteries.
A Homogeneous Polymer Network Organogel Prepared in Concentrated Lithium-ion Battery Electrolytes Using a Nonflammable Fluorinated Solvent
Authors: Takano Saori , Sawayama Saki , Han Jihae , Fujii Kenta 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report an organogel electrolyte for lithium (Li)-ion batteries based on tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (TetraPEG) network and highly concentrated electrolyte using nonflammable solvent, tris (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate. The gel electrolyte was obtained via a Michael addition reaction between maleimide (MA)-terminated and thiol (SH)-terminated TetraPEGs, which was characterized via chemical reaction kinetics. The resulting TetraPEG gels with an ideal polymer network exhibited comparable ionic conductivity to the corresponding liquid electrolytes and reversible electrode reaction for graphite negative electrode.
Quantification of the effects of chimerism on read mapping, differential expression and annotation following short-read de novo assembly.
Authors: Linheiro Raquel , Archer John 
Published: January 2022

Background: De novo assembly is often required for analysing short-read RNA sequencing data. An under-characterized aspect of the contigs produced is chimerism, the extent to which affects mapping, differential expression analysis and annotation. Despite long-read sequencing negating this issue, short-reads remain in use through on-going research and archived datasets created during the last two decades. Consequently, there is still a need to quantify chimerism and its effects. Methods: Effects on mapping were quantified by simulating reads off the Drosophila melanogaster cDNA library and mapping these to related reference sets containing increasing levels of chimerism. Next, ten read datasets were simulated and divided into two conditions where, within one, reads representing 1000 randomly selected transcripts were over-represented across replicates. Differential expression analysis was performed iteratively with increasing chimerism within the reference set. Finally, an expectation of r-squared values describing the relationship between alignment and transcript lengths for matches involving cDNA library transcripts and those within sets containing incrementing chimerism was created. Similar values calculated for contigs produced by three graph-based assemblers, relative to the cDNA library from which input reads were simulated, or sequenced (relative to the species represented), were compared. Results: At 5% and 95% chimerism within reference sets, 100% and 77% of reads still mapped, making mapping success a poor indicator of chimerism. At 5% chimerism, of the 1000 transcripts selected for over-representation, 953 were identified during differential expression analysis; at 10% 936 were identified, while at 95% it was 510. This indicates that despite mapping success, per-transcript counts are unpredictably altered. R-squared values obtained for the three assemblers suggest that between 5-15% of contigs are chimeric. Conclusions: Although not evident based on mapping, chimerism had a significant impact on differential expression analysis and megablast identification. This will have consequences for past and present experiments involving short-reads.
The benefits of mindfulness in mental healthcare professionals
Authors: Watson Tayler , Walker Owen , Cann Robin , Varghese Ashwin K 
Published: January 2022

Background: Burnout is a widely reported syndrome consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a lowered sense of accomplishment. Mindfulness practices have been shown to be useful in lowering distress and burnout in clinical and non-clinical cohorts. Our aim was to explore the potential personal and occupational benefits of a structured mindfulness intervention on a cohort of mental health professionals. A mixed-methods approach was utilised in order to enhance the exploratory power of the study. Methods: We conducted a pilot study involving healthcare practitioners employed at a community outpatient mental health clinic. As a pilot, we relied on a single group and implemented a quasi-experimental, simultaneous mixed methods design by incorporating both quantitative pre- and post- testing alongside written qualitative post-test responses. Results: Analysis of the data demonstrated a significant difference between overall mindfulness when comparing post-test (mean=140.8, standard deviation=18.9) with pre-test data (mean=128.3, standard deviation=28.6). Participants also showed a statistically significant difference in three of the subscales: observation, describing, and non-reactivity. A moderate effect size was seen for each of the above differences. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed a range of potential themes which may be used to explain the differences exhibited across participants’ personal and professional lives, which can be grouped into two thematic overarching groups: emotional reactivity and listening/communicating. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study indicate that a structured, six-week mindfulness program has the potential to benefit clinicians, personally by reducing emotional reactivity and professionally by promoting deep listening and communication.
The product science of electrically heated tobacco products: a narrative review of the scientific literature
Authors: Malt Layla , Thompson Keith , Mason Elizabeth , Walele Tanvir , Nahde Thomas , O'Connell Grant 
Published: January 2022

Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of tobacco products in which a tobacco consumable is heated to a temperature that releases nicotine from the tobacco leaf but not to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion. Heated tobacco products may therefore have the potential to be a less harmful alternative for adult smokers that would otherwise continue to smoke conventional cigarettes. Given the rapid development of this product category, the aim of this review was to examine the available peer-reviewed scientific evidence related to heated tobacco products and highlight any research gaps. In recent years, manufacturers of heated tobacco products have published a number of studies on their respective heated tobacco products. Whilst there is limited research that is independent of commercial interests, the available scientific evidence indicates that heated tobacco products produce a much simpler aerosol than conventional cigarette smoke, with fewer and substantially lower levels of harmful toxicants. Toxicology assessments indicate these reductions in aerosol toxicants translate to reduced biological effects. Biomarker and clinical data from studies in which product use is controlled within a clinical setting, indicate changes in biomarker levels and clinical end-points similar to observations in cessation studies, indicating the potential for reduced harm. The scientific evidence also indicates that exposure of non-users to emissions from heated tobacco products in indoor environments is significantly reduced compared to exposure resulting from smoking conventional cigarettes. Overall, the available scientific evidence indicates that heated tobacco products hold promise as a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes, but more independent data is required to validate industry findings. As a growing product category, epidemiological studies and independent population modelling studies are outstanding, and empirical data on how dual tobacco product category use by consumers affects their risk profile is lacking.
HALO: Study protocol for a single-case experimental design study evaluating the moderating impact of a befriending intervention on the association between loneliness and health in older adults
Authors: Hannigan Caoimhe , Hanly Paul , Kee Frank , Lawlor Brian , Holton Eimile , Walsh Cathal , Scharf Thomas , Coen Robert , Leatham Vicky , Moynihan Sean , Lane Keith , McHugh Power Joanna 
Published: January 2022

Background: Loneliness in later life is often addressed with befriending interventions, yet evidence for their effectiveness is limited. Meanwhile it is known that loneliness has a deleterious impact on health. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether a befriending service for older adults mitigates the impact of loneliness on health outcomes, and to identify mechanisms through which befriending interventions might impact upon health. Methods: A mixed methods design is used. The quantitative component utilises an AB single-case experimental design, to gather intensive longitudinal data. These data will be analysed using a generalised additive modelling approach. The qualitative component of the study uses semi-structured dyadic interviews, structured and analysed according to the principles of constructivist grounded theory. Findings will then be triangulated according to an existing mixed methods integration protocol. Discussion: This mixed methods design has the potential to inform national and international policy in relation to befriending interventions for older adults. In addition, there is the potential for study results to inform our theoretical understanding of the nature of the relationship between loneliness and health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04301167 (10th March 2020). Protocol version 1.1, 26th June 2020.
Microlevel Analysis of Institutional Intermediation in a Rudimentary Market-Based Economy: Entrepreneurship in Kathmandu’s Indrachok Market
Authors: Mitchell Will , Wu Zhiyan , Bruton Garry D. , Gautam Dhruba Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Institutional theory research on institutional intermediation typically focuses on how institutional intermediaries address voids in market-based institutions that inhibit entrepreneurship. In doing so, the research rarely studies what types of institutional intermediaries entrepreneurs prefer to use. We address this gap with a microinstitutional inquiry of how entrepreneurs in a rudimentary market-based economy differ in the relevance they place on different types of institutional intermediaries. Using a sample from the Indrachok market in Kathmandu, Nepal, and using a three-stage qualitative and quantitative abductive investigation of a cascading set of increasingly refined research questions, we identify two key preferences for institutional intermediaries. First, we find a key institutional intermediation tripod consisting of three locally focused institutional intermediaries: family, suppliers, and peer entrepreneurs. The tripod is supplemented by institutional intermediaries with more moderate preference in this context: four other locally focused institutional intermediaries (local politicians, police, religious figures, and political gangs) and three broad-based institutional intermediaries (government, microlenders, and nongovernmental organizations). Second, the importance of suppliers and peers as institutional intermediaries reflects entrepreneurs’ registration status (registered versus unregistered) and microgeographic location (dispersed versus clustered businesses). The research reconceptualizes institutional intermediation in rudimentary market-based economies from the entrepreneurs’ perspective, identifying mechanisms that shape entrepreneurs’ preferences and providing proposition for future testing. Funding: This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71620107001]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1531 .
Postoperative immobilization using a short-arm cast in the semisupination position is appropriate after arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex foveal repair
Authors: Jung Hyoung-Seok , Park Jung-Gwan , Park Hyeong-Jun , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: January 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to assess and compare active rotation of the forearm in normal subjects after the application of a short-arm cast (SAC) in the semisupination position and a long-arm cast (LAC) in the neutral position. A clinical study was also conducted to compare the functional outcomes of using a SAC in the semisupination position with those of using a LAC in the neutral position in patients who underwent arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) foveal repair. Methods A total of 40 healthy right-handed volunteers were recruited. Active pronation and supination of the forearm were measured in each subject using a goniometer. In the retrospective clinical study, 40 patients who underwent arthroscopic foveal repair were included. The wrist was immobilized postoperatively using a SAC in the semisupination position (approximately 45°) in 16 patients and a LAC in 24. Clinical outcomes were assessed using grip strength and patient-reported outcomes. The degree of disability caused by cast immobilization was also evaluated when the cast was removed. Results Supination was significantly more restricted with LACs than with SACs in the semisupination position in male and female patients (p < 0.001 for both). However, pronation was significantly more restricted with SACs in the semisupination position than with LACs in female patients (p = 0.003) and was not significantly different in male patients (p = 0.090). In the clinical study, both groups showed improvement in all parameters with significant differences in grip strength, visual analogue scale scores for pain, modified Mayo Wrist Score, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score. No significant postoperative differences were noted between LACs and SACs in the semisupination position. However, the disability caused by immobilization in a cast was significantly higher in patients who had a LAC on the dominant hand (p < 0.001). Conclusion We found that a SAC in the semisupination position is as effective as a LAC in restricting pronation of the forearm. In addition, postoperative immobilization with a SAC in the semisupination position resulted in comparable pain scores and functional outcomes to immobilization with a LAC after TFCC foveal repair, with less restriction of daily activities. Therefore, we recommend that surgeons consider using a SAC in the semisupination position for postoperative immobilization following TFCC foveal repair for dorsal instability of the distal radioulnar joint. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):249–256.
National objectives, local policymaking: public health efforts to translate national legislation into local policy in Scottish alcohol licensing
Authors: Fitzgerald Niamh , Cairney Paul 
Published: January 2022

Background:Policymaking environments are multi-centric by necessity and design. Alcohol premises licensing is governed by Scottish legislation, which also allows for local autonomy.
Aims and objectives:To describe the obstacles faced by local public health actors in seeking to influence the alcohol premises licensing system in Scotland as an example of local advocacy efforts in multi-centric policymaking.
Methods:Snowball sampling identified and recruited 12 public health actors who were actively seeking to influence alcohol premises licensing, along with a national key informant. In-depth interviews (n=13) discussed challenges experienced and perceptions of best strategies for success. Interviews (69m average) were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an inductive framework approach.
Findings:Most interviewees operated in local premises licensing arenas, influencing national legislation only through intermediaries. Challenges to engagement included: unfamiliar conventions, stakeholders and decision-making cultures, resources, data gaps, and licensing boards’ prioritisation of economic growth. Their preferred solution was a strengthening of national legislation to constrain local autonomy, but they adapted their strategies to the challenges faced.
Discussion and conclusion:The adoption of a particular objective in national government (a public health objective for alcohol licensing) may not remove the need for effective local advocacy in a multi-centric system. Local policymakers have their own conventions, processes and views on evidence, and successful advocacy may involve diverse strategies and relationship building over time. Practitioners advocating policy change may benefit from a better understanding of prior research on how to bring about such change; scholars of such processes could better engage with this audience.