bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hotspots Forest Fire Susceptibility Mapping for Land Use or Land Cover using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Ya’acob Norsuzila , Jamil Ili Atiqah Abdul , Aziz Nur Farhana Abd. , Yusof Azita Laily , Kassim Murizah , Naim Nani Fadzlina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Forest fire is a very common natural disaster or caused by humans that happens throughout the year in a humid country like Malaysia. Forest fire had caused many problems like haze and disruption of the environment. The peat-swamp areas are more susceptible to forest fire due to having a relatively spongy forest floor and covered with a thick and dense layer of humus. The objective of this research is to determine active fire hotspots at Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Kuala Selangor by using Landsat 8 infrared based images for forest fire mapping. The method used to develop a hotspot susceptibility forest map is by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Land cover or land use (LULC), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Fuel type, road to map and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to determine the vulnerability of study by using satellite images from LANDSAT 8. The findings from the MODIS real-time forest fire hotspot data and kappa coefficient to check the consistency of the LULC classification. After obtaining the weightage value of each factors map, the weightage overlay tool from GIS were used to find the significant weight of the hotspot susceptibility forest fire map.
Spatial Modelling for Landscape Ecological Carbon at Central Forest Spine (CFS) Corridors in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ruslan Sofiya Zulaikha , Omar Hamdan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Improving Connectivity in the Central Forest Spine (IC-CFS) is funded by the Malaysian Government (GOM) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The IC-CFS main objective is to re-establish, maintain, and improve the connectivity within the corridors and create linkages between the fragmented forests. The carbon stock assessment component is required to evaluate the corridors. The study was conducted at Primary Linkages in Pahang (C-PL1), A-PL1 in Perak, and J-PL2 in Johor, with an extent of 4,355 ha, 24,759 ha, and with 6,791 ha, respectively. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) tool was applied for assessing the carbon stock within these landscapes together with satellite images between the years 2010 and 2020 to produce land use classifications. Carbon stock in J-PL2 indicated depletion by -592,599 Mg C over ten years. On the other hand, C-PL1 and A-PL1 indicated an increase amounted 22,129 and 695,689 Mg C, respectively. These changes evidenced that the land use activities were influenced directly and significantly by the fluctuations of carbon stock, i.e., absorption and emission within the corridors. Conclusively, the InVEST tool is practical for carbon assessment, management, and conservation planning to ensure the connectivity and sustainability of CFS corridors in Peninsular Malaysia.
3D Modelling of Modern Urban Building Complexes and Sub-units Concept in 3D Cadastre
Authors: Salleh Syahiirah , Ujang Uznir , Azri Suhaibah , Choon Tan Liat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As space is a fast-reducing commodity in cities, buildings are developed as multipurpose building complexes used for residential, commercial and others. 3D cadastre represents these building complexes as 3D objects with individual building units that have shared surfaces or adjacencies. However, building complexes are often modelled as a single volume. This paper presents the methods to model a 3D building complex with sub-units of mixed uses. A building complex composed of commercial and residential sub-units was modelled based on a building plan and visualized in GIS ready format. The 3D model consists of a set of volumetric units within an exterior shell of the building complex. The sub-units are displayed according to its uses. This can facilitate further spatial analysis that requires adjacency information of sub-units within a mixed-use building complex.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic Towards Socioeconomic Wellbeing of Rural Community in Malaysia
Authors: Yusoff N S , Rashid M F , Halim N A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the socio-economic well-being of people either in urban or rural areas. The Covid-19 cases and fatalities that concentrated in major urban areas in Malaysia. However, as the pandemic progressed, the rural community faced health vulnerability due to the Covid-19 pandemic threat. Among the significant impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic are income generation, economic activity work, and health vulnerability, especially the rural community involved in rural economic activities such as agriculture and fishery. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the socio-economic well-being of rural communities in Malaysia. The case study selection is in Mersing, Pontian and Batu Pahat involving three villages using GIS mapping. The methodology used is quantitative research through a household survey conducted using 182 heads of households based on the economic and social dimensions. The finding reveals that most of the target group experienced a decline in income generation, economic activity restriction, and education issues. Furthermore, there are also decreasing in the economically active population (age 15-60) in the village. As a result, this study is essential in formulating a post-Covid-19 recovery plan regarding socio-economic well-being impacts and the revival of rural community well-being in Malaysia through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping.
Framework for the identification of shallow ground movement in modified slopes (an expert opinion)
Authors: Ibrahim M.B , Salisu S.A. , Musa A.A. , Abussalam B. , Hamza S.M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper has discussed and analyzed some significant ways to quickly find the root course of landslides on slopes, especially on shallow artificial slopes. Many mechanisms that trigger ground movement leading to landslides in slopes are discussed here. The general idea was to study the occurrence of slips on a modified slope under certain environmental conditions for a specific duration and develop a simple framework that can help to identify landslides’ causative factors subjectively. This whole idea was to help locals and other experts easily identify the triggering mechanisms of landslides to reveal the possible time when the slides will occur and control their impact. Furthermore, a framework was developed to help us understand the critical factors leading to shallow landslides on modified slopes. Establishing the mechanism that triggers landslides in an area helps greatly identify the landslides-prone locations, especially for the locals living in high-risk areas. The research also presented significant forms of landslides with their presumed causes. Although the general causes of landslides are not limited to what was presented in this text, the environment is the main factor deciding the nature and extent of landslides in an area.
Blood Pressure and Body Composition During First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy in People With HIV Compared With HIV-Uninfected Community Controls
Authors: Kavishe Bazil Baltazar , Olsen Mette Frahm , Filteau Suzanne , Kitilya Brenda W , Jeremiah Kidola , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Todd Jim , Friis Henrik , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , PrayGod George , Peck Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBody composition changes may explain the rapid increase in blood pressure (BP) in people with HIV (PWH) during the first year of antiretroviral therapy.MethodsWe analyzed data from a cohort of PWH and HIV-uninfected adults from the same communities in Mwanza, Tanzania. Blood pressure (BP, mm Hg) and body composition data were collected at baseline and 12-month follow-up. We used multivariable linear regression to compare BP changes in PWH and HIV-uninfected adults, and the relationship between changes in body composition and changes in BP.ResultsBP data were available for 640 PWH and 299 HIV-uninfected adults. Sixty-four percent were women and the mean age was 38 years. In PWH, systolic BP (SBP) increased (114–118) whereas SBP decreased (125–123) in HIV-uninfected participants. Fat mass increased by 1.6 kg on average in PWH and was strongly associated with the change in BP (P &lt; 0.001). The greater increase in SBP in PWH was partly explained by the lower baseline SBP but PWH still experienced a 2.2 (95% CI: 0.3–4.2) greater increase in SBP after adjustment. Weight gain partially mediated the relationship between HIV and SBP increase in PWH; a 1-kg increase in fat mass accounted for 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6–1.1) increase in SBP.ConclusionsWeight and fat mass increase rapidly in PWH during the first 12 months of antiretroviral therapy and contribute to a rapid increase in SBP. Interventions to prevent excessive increase in fat mass are needed for PWH.
Implementation of implicit bias awareness and action training in a pharmacy residency program
Authors: Terry Kimberly , Nickman Nancy A , Mullin Shantel , Ghule Priyanka , Tyler Linda S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To implement an implicit bias awareness and action seminar program for the University of Utah Health pharmacy residency program and measure knowledge, awareness, and comfort around race-related topics.

Summary
An implicit bias awareness training program was implemented with a pre- and post-training survey to measure knowledge, comfort, and confidence around understanding and addressing biases. Fifty-one residents and preceptors participated in the implicit bias training, and 47 (92.2%) consented to take the survey. Twenty pharmacy residents and 27 preceptors attended at least 1 of the 4 training modules and completed the pre- and/or post-training survey. Eighteen of 20 residents (90.0%) and 19 of 27 (70.4%) preceptors completed the pretraining survey (37 total), while 11 of 20 residents (55.0%) and 10 of 27 (37.0%) preceptors completed the post-training survey (21 total). On the post-training survey, more correct answers were obtained for knowledge-based questions and a higher number of responses of strongly agree or agree was observed when assessing participants’ comfort and confidence in addressing personal biases, bringing marginalized people into a conversation, addressing biased situations, and intervening when bias is observed.

Conclusion
After training, higher scores were attained on the survey for overall comfort and confidence in addressing personal biases and identifying and acting on witnessed biases.
Experience and Indications for the Use of the P4HB Scaffold (GalaFLEX) in Aesthetic Breast Surgery: A 100-Case Experience
Authors: Mallucci Patrick , Bistoni Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The popularity of utilizing mesh in the breast has varied over the years. It is well described, and yet there has been poor uptake of its utilization in aesthetic breast surgery. Poly-4-huydroxybutarate (P4HB; GalaFLEX, Galatea, Lexington, MA) has recently been described as a useful adjunct in supporting poor tissue quality with positive early outcomes and low complication rates.

Objectives
The authors sought to determine the outcome and range of indications of PH4B in aesthetic breast surgery to document its effectiveness in assisting with long-term outcomes in mastopexy.

Methods
Firstly, an observational study was undertaken standardizing mastopexy techniques with P4HB included in the procedure. Photographic measurements were taken to determine the extent of lower pole descent and lower pole stretch at 3 months and 1 year postoperative to observe change over time. Secondly, other indications were explored, including the correction of secondary defects such as inferior malposition and symmastia.

Results
The results of the mastopexy study were highly encouraging and comparable with those previously published in the literature, confirming sustained stability of the lower pole over time for mastopexies and implant mastopexies. In addition, the GalaFLEX was successfully employed in correcting many secondary defects.

Conclusions
P4HB is extremely versatile and easy to utilize and has low complication rates. The results have led to a change in practice, with routine incorporation of GalaFLEX for all routine mastopexies. It has also replaced the utilization of acellular dermal matrices in aesthetic breast surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
Identification of mouse bitter taste receptors that respond to resveratrol: a bitter-tasting polyphenolic compound
Authors: Narukawa Masataka , Misaka Takumi 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The mouse bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) that respond to resveratrol, a bitter-tasting polyphenolic compound, were identified. Among 35 members of the Tas2r family, Tas2r108, 109, 131, and 137 responded to resveratrol treatment. mRNA expression levels of Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 were higher than those of Tas2r109 and Tas2r131 in mouse circumvallate papillae, indicating that Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 may play important roles in detecting the bitterness of resveratrol in the oral cavity. The mRNA expression levels of Tas2r137 and Tas2r108 were also observed in several tissues, suggesting that Tas2r108 and Tas2r137 may also be involved in the physiological action of resveratrol.
Parameters of the adhesive setae and setal fields of the Jamaican radiation of anoles (Dactyloidae: Anolis): potential for ecomorphology at the microscopic scale
Authors: Garner Austin M , Wilson Michael C , Wright Caitlin , Russell Anthony P , Niewiarowski Peter H , Dhinojwala Ali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The subdigital adhesive pads of Caribbean Anolis lizards are considered to be a key innovation that permits occupation of novel ecological niches. Although previous work has demonstrated that subdigital pad morphology and performance vary with habitat use, such investigations have only considered the macroscale aspects of these structures (e.g. pad area). The morphological agents of attachment, however, are arrays of hair-like fibres (setae) that terminate in an expanded tip (spatula) and have not been examined in a similar manner. Here we examine the setal morphology and setal field configuration of ecologically distinct species of the monophyletic Jamaican Anolis radiation from a functional and ecological perspective. We find that anoles occupying the highest perches possess greater setal densities and smaller spatulae than those exploiting lower perches. This finding is consistent with the concept of contact splitting, whereby subdivision of an adhesive area into smaller and more densely packed fibres results in an increase in adhesive performance. Micromorphological evidence also suggests that the biomechanics of adhesive locomotion may vary between Anolis ecomorphs. Our findings indicate that, in a similar fashion to macroscale features of the subdigital pad, its microstructure may vary in relation to performance and habitat use in Caribbean Anolis.
Fine-scale population genetic structure and barriers to gene flow in a widespread seabird (Ardenna pacifica)
Authors: Herman Rachael W , Winger Benjamin M , Dittmann Donna L , Harvey Michael G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pelagic seabirds are highly mobile, reducing opportunities for population isolation that might promote differentiation and speciation. At the same time, many seabirds are philopatric, and their tendency to return to their natal islands to breed might reduce gene flow sufficiently to permit local adaptation and differentiation. To test the net impact of these competing processes, estimates of differentiation and gene flow based on comprehensive geographical sampling are required. We leveraged diverse source material to achieve comprehensive geographical sampling in a widespread seabird, the Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna pacifica). Using data from sequence capture and high-throughput sequencing of 2402 loci containing 20 780 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we tested for population differentiation and gene flow among breeding areas. We found little evidence of deep divergences within A. pacifica but were able to resolve fine-scale differentiation across island groups. This differentiation was sufficient to assign individuals sampled away from breeding areas to their likely source populations. Estimated effective migration surfaces revealed reduced migration between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, presumably owing to land barriers, and across the equatorial Pacific Ocean, perhaps associated with differences in breeding schedule. Our results reveal that, despite their mobility, pelagic seabirds can exhibit fine-scale population differentiation and reduced gene flow among ocean basins.
The gut microbiota: a double-edged sword in endometriosis
Authors: Talwar Chandni , Singh Vertika , Kommagani Ramakrishna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Endometriosis that afflicts one in 10 women of reproductive age is characterized by growth of endometrial tissue in the extra-uterine sites and encompasses metabolic-, immunologic-, and endocrine-disruption. Importantly, several comorbidities are associated with endometriosis, especially autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Primarily thought of as a condition arising from retrograde menstruation, emerging evidence uncovered a functional link between the gut microbiota and endometriosis. Specifically, recent findings revealed altered gut microbiota profiles in endometriosis and in turn this altered microbiota appears to be causal in the disease progression, implying a bidirectional crosstalk. In this review, we discuss the complex etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis, emphasizing on this recently recognized role of gut microbiome. We review the gut microbiome structure and functions and its complex network of interactions with the host for maintenance of homeostasis that is crucial for disease prevention. We highlight the underlying mechanisms on how some bacteria promote disease progression and others protect against endometriosis. Furthermore, we highlight the areas that require future emphases in the gut microbiome–endometriosis nexus and the potential microbiome-based therapies for amelioration of endometriosis.
CSF-derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Parkinson’s disease induce symptoms and pathology
Authors: Herman Shay , Djaldetti Ruth , Mollenhauer Brit , Offen Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the gradual appearance of intraneuronal inclusions that are primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein protein, leading to cytotoxicity and neural death. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that misfolded α-synuclein may spread transcellularly in a prion-like manner, inducing pathological aggregates in healthy neurons, and is disseminated via secretion of extracellular vesicles. Accordingly, extracellular vesicles derived from brain lysates and CSF of patients with Parkinson’s disease were shown to facilitate α-synuclein aggregation in healthy cells. Prompted by the hypothesis of Braak and colleagues that the olfactory bulb is one of the primary propagation sites for the initiation of Parkinson’s disease, we sought to investigate the role of extracellular vesicles in the spread of α-synuclein and progression of Parkinson’s disease through the olfactory bulb.
Extracellular vesicles derived from the CSF of patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease or with a non-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative disorder were administered intranasally to healthy mice, once daily over 4 days. Three months later, mice were subjected to motor and non-motor tests. Functional impairments were elucidated by histochemical analysis of midbrain structures relevant to Parkinson’s disease pathology, 8 months after EVs treatment.
Mice treated with extracellular vesicles from the patients with Parkinson’s disease displayed multiple symptoms consistent with prodromal and clinical-phase Parkinson’s disease such as hyposmia, motor behaviour impairments and high anxiety levels. Furthermore, their midbrains showed widespread α-synuclein aggregations, dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and altered autophagy activity. Several unconventional pathologies were also observed, such as α-synuclein aggregations in the red nucleus, growth of premature grey hair and astrogliosis.
Collectively, these data indicate that intranasally administered extracellular vesicles derived from the CSF of patients with Parkinson’s disease can propagate α-synuclein aggregation in vivo and trigger Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms and pathology in healthy mice.
Obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: new insights and pathophysiological targets
Authors: Borlaug Barry A , Jensen Michael D , Kitzman Dalane W , Lam Carolyn S P , Obokata Masaru , Rider Oliver J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represent two intermingling epidemics driving perhaps the greatest unmet health problem in cardiovascular medicine in the 21st century. Many patients with HFpEF are either overweight or obese, and recent data have shown that increased body fat and its attendant metabolic sequelae have widespread, protean effects systemically and on the cardiovascular system leading to symptomatic HFpEF. The paucity of effective therapies in HFpEF underscores the importance of understanding the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of obese HFpEF to develop novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular features of the obese phenotype of HFpEF, how increased adiposity might pathophysiologically contribute to the phenotype, and how these processes might be targeted therapeutically.
Acquisition of cross-azole tolerance and aneuploidy in Candida albicans strains evolved to posaconazole
Authors: Kukurudz Rebekah J , Chapel Madison , Wonitowy Quinn , Adamu Bukari Abdul-Rahman , Sidney Brooke , Sierhuis Riley , Gerstein Aleeza C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A number of in vitro studies have examined the acquisition of drug resistance to the triazole fluconazole, a first-line treatment for many Candida infections. Much less is known about posaconazole, a newer triazole. We conducted the first in vitro experimental evolution of replicates from 8 diverse strains of Candida albicans in a high level of the fungistatic drug posaconazole. Approximately half of the 132 evolved replicates survived 50 generations of evolution, biased toward some of the strain backgrounds. We found that although increases in drug resistance were rare, increases in drug tolerance (the slow growth of a subpopulation of cells in a level of drug above the resistance level) were common across strains. We also found that adaptation to posaconazole resulted in widespread cross-tolerance to other azole drugs. Widespread aneuploidy was observed in evolved replicates from some strain backgrounds. Trisomy of at least one of chromosomes 3, 6, and R was identified in 11 of 12 whole-genome sequenced evolved SC5314 replicates. These findings document rampant evolved cross-tolerance among triazoles and highlight that increases in drug tolerance can evolve independently of drug resistance in a diversity of C. albicans strain backgrounds.