bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic variations in substrate composition affect spawning preference and egg retention in river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis)
Authors: Daupagne Léa , Dhamelincourt Marius , Michaud Anne , Rives Jacques , Sebihi Stellia , Tentelier Cédric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEgg drift from the nest is clearly an important cause of mortality in lithophilic species, but the effect of substrate composition on this process has been overlooked. Here, we investigated the role of substrate on the spawning preference and egg retention of river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) during a whole breeding season in a two‐option experimental setting. Despite no initial preference, the lamprey eventually favoured the most efficient substrate for egg retention. The pebbly substrate hosted 12 times as many matings as the sandy one, while blurting 20% fewer eggs.
First observation of the mating, egg‐laying and hatching behaviour of a captive female Kong skate, Okamejei kenojei (Müller & Henle, 1841)
Authors: Gao Guang , Xiao Zhizhong , Ji Guanglei , Xiao Yongshuang , Ma Daoyuan , Li Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study provides a novel record of the reproductive behaviour of the Kong skate (Okamejei kenojei) in captivity. These skates were found to mate and deposit eggs at a temperature of 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that 76.13% of the eggs possessed one yolk, 0.77% of the eggs possessed two yolks and 23.11% of the eggs had no yolk (N = 1043). The deposition of non‐yolk and double‐yolk eggs was random. A total of 100 eggs were collected. After nearly 92 ± 5 days of incubation, 28 eggs failed to hatch, and 72 skates were successfully hatched with a female‐to‐male ratio of 1:1 (P > 0.05). The results enrich our knowledge of the reproduction in cartilaginous fishes and can inform management and conservation strategies for this species.
“Now at least we have something to call it”: Patient and care partner experiences receiving an amyloid PET scan
Authors: Gadbois Emily A. , Bélanger Emmanuelle , Shield Renee R. , Plassman Brenda L. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Wetle Terrie Fox 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective of this paper was to examine perspectives and experiences of individuals with cognitive impairment who received an amyloid PET scan and their care partners, with regard to the process, logistics, and decision‐making associated with receiving an amyloid PET scan and its results.MethodsStructured telephone interviews were conducted with 200 randomly sampled scan recipient/care partner dyads from the CARE IDEAS study. The audio‐recorded, transcribed responses were analyzed using an inductive qualitative content analytic approach.ResultsParticipating individuals and care partners described their experiences in seeking a diagnosis for memory issues, including decision‐making and logistics involved with receiving an amyloid PET scan. Participants discussed the factors contributing to their decision to seek a diagnosis for their memory issues and their hopes and expectations in completing the scan. Participants also described the trajectory of this process, and although some described relatively straightforward trajectories, others described problems associated with identifying appropriate providers and coordinating care across numerous providers to obtain a diagnosis for their memory issues. Participants described an additional challenge of physicians attributing cognitive decline to normal aging, rather than signs of a neurodegenerative disorder.ConclusionsFindings shed light on the barriers and delays that individuals and care partners experience in connecting with physicians and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation for cognitive problems. Results from this study have implications for physicians who provide care to older adults, and specifically highlight the need for greater care coordination and clearer communication with and systems of referral for patients.
The Golden Mean: The Risk‐Mitigating Effect of Combining Tournament Rewards with High‐Powered Incentives
Authors: JIN DUNHONG , NOE THOMAS 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe rewards received by financial managers depend on both relative performance (e.g., fund inflows based on fund rankings, promotions based on peer comparisons) and absolute performance (e.g., bonus payments for meeting accounting targets, hedge‐fund incentive fees). Both relative and absolute performance rewards engender risk‐taking. In this paper, we show that these two sources of risk‐taking, relative and absolute performance rewards, mitigate the risk‐taking incentives produced by the other. This mutual incentive‐reduction effect generates a number of novel predictions about the relationship of managerial risk‐taking with the structure of relative and absolute performance rewards.
The interaction of rurality and rare cancers for travel time to cancer care
Authors: Onega Tracy , Alford‐Teaster Jennifer , Leggett Chris , Loehrer Andrew , Weiss Julie E. , Moen Erika L. , Pollack, Catherine C. , Wang Fahui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeGeographic access to cancer care is known to significantly impact utilization and outcomes. Longer travel times have negative impacts for patients requiring highly specialized care, such as for rare cancers, and for those in rural areas. Scant population‐based research informs geographic access to care for rare cancers and whether rurality impacts that access.MethodsUsing Medicare data (2014‐2015), we identified prevalent cancers and cancer‐directed surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiation. We classified cancers as rare (incidence <6/100,000/year) or common (incidence ≥6/100,000/year) using previously published thresholds and categorized rurality from ZIP code of beneficiary residence. We estimated travel time between beneficiaries and providers for each service based on ZIP code. Descriptive statistics summarized travel time by rare versus common cancers, service type, and rurality.FindingsWe included 1,169,761 Medicare beneficiaries (21.9% in nonmetropolitan areas), 87,399; 7.5% had rare cancers, with 9,133,003 cancer‐directed services. Travel times for cancer services ranged from approximately 29 minutes (25th percentile) to 68 minutes (75th percentile). Travel times were similar for rare and common cancers overall (median: 45 vs 43 minutes) but differed by service type; 13.4% of surgeries were >2 hours away for rare cancers, compared to 8.3% for common cancers. Increasing rurality disproportionately increased travel time to surgical care for rare compared to common cancers.ConclusionsTravel times to cancer services are longest for surgery, especially among rural residents, yet not markedly longer overall between rare versus common cancers. Understanding geographic access to cancer care for patients with rare cancers is important to delivering specialized care.
Telemedicine to improve reproductive health care for rural Coloradans: Perceptions of interest and access
Authors: Clure Cara , Sheeder Jeanelle , Teal Stephanie , Cohen Rebecca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate rural Colorado women's access to and preferences for receiving reproductive health care services.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of women ages 18‐45 years old. We mailed recruitment postcards to a random sample of female, registered voters in rural Colorado zip codes. Survey questions assessed experiences, beliefs, and preferences regarding reproductive health care. We performed bivariate statistics and logistic regression for predictors of interest in telemedicine.FindingsRespondents (n = 478) had a median age of 34 years (range 18‐45). Most women identified as White (90.2%) and were insured (67.1% private; 20.5% public). Most (74.1%) noted barriers to obtaining reproductive care in their communities. Those who reported barriers cited a median of 3 barriers (range 1‐8), most commonly too few community‐based providers (81.4%) and long distance to care (69.5%). Among respondents, 51.0% had used telemedicine before and 52.5% were interested in using telemedicine for reproductive health services. Interest in telemedicine significantly differed by perceived difficulty accessing care, previous telemedicine use, traveling over 100 miles for medical care in the last year, and belief in the safety of abortion. Those interested in telemedicine were less likely to value having an established relationship with providers and face‐to‐face visits.ConclusionsMost reproductive‐aged, rural Colorado women endorsed barriers to obtaining reproductive health care in their communities. Over half of rural women are interested in using telemedicine for reproductive health care; however, many are not. Both optimizing telemedicine and developing additional innovative solutions are needed to improve access to reproductive care in rural communities.
KRAS mutation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Linkage with metastasis‐free survival and reduced E‐cadherin expression
Authors: Tanaka Mariko , Kunita Akiko , Yamagishi Makoto , Katoh Hiroto , Ishikawa Shumpei , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Abe Jun , Arita Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Ushiku Tetsuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough KRAS mutations are the major driver of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), their role remains unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic effects, association with clinicopathologic characteristics and potent functions of KRAS mutations in ICC.MethodsA hundred and seven resected stage I–III ICCs were analysed for KRAS mutation status and its link with clinicopathological features. An independent validation cohort (n = 138) was included. In vitro analyses using KRAS‐mutant ICC cell lines were performed.ResultsKRAS mutation was significantly associated with worse overall survival in stage I–III ICCs, which was validated in an independent cohort. Recurrence‐free survival did not significantly differ between cases with and without KRAS mutations, but if limited to recurrence with extrahepatic metastasis, KRAS‐mutant cases showed significantly worse distant metastasis‐free survival than KRAS‐wild cases showed. KRAS mutations were associated with frequent tumour budding with reduced E‐cadherin expression. In vitro, KRAS depletion caused marked inhibition of cell growth and migration together with E‐cadherin upregulation in KRAS‐mutant ICC cells. The RNA‐sequencing assay revealed that KRAS depletion caused MYC pathway downregulation and interferon pathway upregulation.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that KRAS mutations are associated with aggressive behaviour of ICC, especially the development of extrahepatic metastasis. Mutant KRAS is likely to change the adhesive status of ICC cells, affect the responsiveness of tumour cells to interferon immune signals, and consequently promote extrahepatic metastasis. KRAS mutation status, which predicts the prognoses of patients with ICC after surgical resection, is expected to help stratify patients better for individual postoperative treatment strategies.
Healthier diet associated with reduced risk of excessive gestational weight gain: A Chinese prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Mengtong , Feng Qiuyu , Chen Cong , Chen Sijia , Guo Yishan , Su Danping , Chen Hong , Sun Hong , Dong Hongli , Zeng Guo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLimited studies have examined the associations between diet quality and gestational weight gain (GWG) among Chinese pregnant women, adopting Chinese GWG guidelines. We prospectively investigate the associations of diet quality, using the Chinese Healthy Diet Index for Pregnancy (CHDI‐P), which assessed diet quality from ‘Diversity’, ‘Adequacy’ and ‘Limitation’ dimensions with overall 100 points, with GWG among participants enroled in Southwest China. Food consumption was collected by 24 h dietary recalls for three consecutive days and CHDI‐P scores were divided into tertiles. GWG was calculated according to the weight measured before delivery and classified into adequate weight gain (AWG), insufficient weight gain (IWG) and excessive weight gain(EWG) following Chinese GWG guidelines. Multinomial regression analyses and stratified analyses by pre‐pregnancy body mass index were performed to estimate the association between CHDI‐P and GWG. A total of 1416 participants were recruited in early pregnancy, and 971 and 997 participants were respectively followed up in middle and late pregnancy. The mean CHDI‐P score was 56.44 ± 6.74, 57.07 ± 7.44 and 57.38 ± 7.94 points in early, middle and late pregnancy, respectively. Women in the lowest CHDI‐P scores group had an increased risk of EWG in middle (OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–2.17) and late pregnancy (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.21–2.41) than women in the highest group, while overweight/obese women had a greater risk of EWG in late pregnancy (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.30–13.90). No association was found between the CHDI‐P scores and IWG. Poor diet quality in middle and late pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of EWG.
A critical race analysis of structural and institutional racism: Rethinking overseas registered nurses' recruitment to and working conditions in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ugiagbe Iyore M. , Liu Liang Q. , Markowski Marianne , Allan Helen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLanguage tests for overseas registered nurses (ORN) working outside their home country are essential for patient safety, as communication competency needs to be established in any workforce. We argue that the current employment of existing language tests is structurally and institutionally racist and disadvantages ORNs from non‐European Union (EU) and non‐White countries seeking to work in the United Kingdom. Using Critical Race Theory (CRT), we argue that existing English language tests for ORNs seeking registration in the United Kingdom are discriminatory due to the UK's racist migration policies and a regulatory body for nursing and midwifery that fails to acknowledge and understand its own institutionally racist practices.
Fumarate hydratase gene germline variants and mosaicism associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Ma Xiaosen , Cui Yunying , Gao Yinjie , Zhang Xuebin , Nie Min , Tong Anli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFumarate hydratase (FH) catalyzes the conversion of fumaric acid to L‐malic acid. Heterozygous variants of the human fumarate hydratase gene (FH) predispose to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer and, rarely, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). No mosaic variant in FH has been reported yet. Using next‐generation sequencing, five individuals with FH variants were found in 319 PPGL patients. Immunohistochemistry staining and loss of heterozygosity analysis in tumor tissues were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the variants. Deep targeted sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood DNA of a pheochromocytoma (PCC) patient with uterine leiomyomas. Finally, two of the five variants were found to be pathogenic. A germline variant (c.817G>A, p.Ala273Thr) was found in a patient with a PPGL family history. A mosaic variant (c.206G>A, p.Gly69Asp) with an allelic ratio of 5% in blood DNA was confirmed in the PCC patient with uterine leiomyomas. No metastatic PPGL was observed in the two PPGL patients with FH pathogenic variants. In summary, we report mosaicism in FH and the first PPGL pedigree with an FH pathogenic germline variant. Both germline variants and mosaicism should be taken into account during genetic testing.
Prognostic factors and treatment considerations of submandibular gland carcinomas: A population‐based study
Authors: Liu Shengwen , Xu Wanlin , Liu Limin , Zhu Yun , Wu Yifan , Lu Hao , Yang Wenjun , Zhang Chenping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe therapeutic regimen of submandibular gland carcinoma (SGC) has not reached consensus, especially for the neck treatment of patients with cN0.Materials and methodsPatients with SGC were identified from the medical database of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were employed to evaluate the survival and independent prognostic factors.ResultsTwo hundred and fifteen patients with SGC were retrospectively reviewed. The 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 71.5% and 77.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that histological grade, cT classification, cN classification, and perineural invasion (PNI) were independent prognostic factors for DFS, while histological grade, cT classification, cN classification, and age were those for OS. The neck dissection showed no significant survival benefit for patients with cN0. Lung was the most common site of distant metastasis (16.7%).ConclusionsHistological grade, cT classification, cN classification, age, and PNI were independent prognostic factors of patient with SGC, which should be the main considerations for making therapeutic regimens. Our study also verifies the neck dissection of patient with cN0 is unnecessary, and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is vital for patients with pN+.
Comparison of modeled versus reported phosphate removal and modeled versus postdialysis serum phosphate levels in conventional hemodialysis
Authors: Daugirdas John T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe compared predictions of phosphate removal by a 2‐pool kinetic model with measured phosphate removal in spent dialysate as reported by others.MethodsTwenty‐six studies were identified that reported phosphate removal in 35 groups of patients. In almost all studies, patients were dialyzed for close to 4 h (range 3 to 6 h). For each study, group mean values of predialysis serum phosphate, body size, dialyzer K0A urea, blood and dialysate flow rates, and session lengths were input into the kinetic model. Predictions of group mean phosphate removal and postdialysis serum phosphate were compared with reported measured values.ResultsMean (by patient group) predicted phosphate removal was 931 ± 170 mg/treatment, somewhat higher (p < 0.001) than the reported measured value, 900 mg ± 287. The ratio of predicted/measured removal averaged 1.15 ± 0.427. In 5/35 patient groups (3/26 studies) the predicted/measured phosphate removal was greater than 1.50. If these groups were excluded, the mean measured phosphate removal was 990 mg versus 966 predicted, with a ratio of predicted/measured removal averaging 0.993. Measured group mean postdialysis serum phosphate values (reported in 25/35) were 2.64 ± 0.54, not significantly different from predicted (2.60 ± 0.24 mg/dl, p = NS).ConclusionsFor conventional 4‐h dialysis treatments, phosphate removal and postdialysis serum phosphate values predicted by a 2‐pool kinetic model are similar to reported measured values.
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and advanced liver fibrosis among hemodialysis patients in a multiethnic urban population in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Wei‐Kei , Chan Wah‐Kheong , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Lim Soo‐Kun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic‐dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are complications of the metabolic syndrome. Our aim is to study the prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis and the associated factors among hemodialysis patients in a multiracial urban population in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of hemodialysis patients from 10 hemodialysis centers was used. FibroTouch examination was performed on all patients. Fatty liver was diagnosed based on ultrasound attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m while advanced liver fibrosis was diagnosed based on liver stiffness measurement ≥10 kPa.ResultsThis study included 447 hemodialysis patients (median age 59 [50–67], male 55%, Chinese 61%, Malay 20%, Indian 18%). Dialysis vintage was 49 (22–93) months. The prevalence of MAFLD was 43.4%. Independent factors associated with MAFLD were elevated waist circumference (aOR = 10.1, 95% CI = 5.3–19.4, p < 0.001), normal platelet count (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.3–7.3, p < 0.05), low HDL cholesterol (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3–4.2, p < 0.01), elevated fasting blood sugar (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3–3.8, p < 0.01), elevated hsCRP (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2–4.0, p < 0.01), and advanced liver fibrosis (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.6–5.6, p < 0.001). The prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis was 25.5%. Independent factors associated with advanced liver fibrosis were male gender (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0–3.0, p < 0.05), elevated waist circumference (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0–4.0, p < 0.05), low platelet count (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI = 2.7–11.0, p < 0.001), elevated GGT (aOR = 5.0, 95% CI = 2.9–8.8, p < 0.001), and MAFLD (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.7–5.9, p < 0.001).ConclusionA high prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis was observed among hemodialysis patients. Nephrologists should consider a more proactive approach in diagnosing MAFLD and/or advanced liver fibrosis in hemodialysis patients.
Staff perspectives on barriers and enablers to implementing alternative source plasma eligibility criteria for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Authors: Castillo Gisell , Vesnaver Elisabeth , Gibson Emily , Butler‐Foster Terrie , Goldman Mindy , Hill Nolan E. , Rosser Andrew , Lapierre Don , Rubini Kyle A. , MacDonagh Richard , Miguel Glenndl , Palumbo Amelia , MacPherson Paul , Randall Taylor , Osbourne‐Sorrell William , O'Brien Sheila F. , Bridel William , Otis Joanne , Greaves Mark , Al‐Bakri Taim Bilal , Reid Marco , Labrecque Maximilian , Germain Marc , Orvis Shane , Clapperton Andrew T. , Devine Dana , Presseau Justin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCanadian Blood Services introduced new eligibility criteria that allows some sexually active gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) to donate source plasma, marking a significant change from time‐based deferral criteria. We aimed to identify potential barriers and enablers to implementing the new criteria from the perspective of donor center staff.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted Theoretical Domains Framework‐informed interviews with staff from two source plasma donation centers in Canada.ResultsWe completed 28 interviews between June 2020 and April 2021. Three themes representing eight domains captured key tensions. Valuing inclusive eligibility criteria: staff support inclusive criteria; many were concerned the new criteria remained discriminatory. Investing in positive donor experiences: staff wished to foster positive donor experiences; however, they worried gbMSM donors would express anger and disappointment regarding the new criteria, staff would experience unease over using stigmatizing criteria and convey nonverbal cues of discomfort, and recurring plasma donors may behave inappropriately. Supporting education, training, and transparency of eligibility criteria: participants believed providing in‐person training (i.e., to explain criteria rationale, address discomfort, practice responding to donor questions) and ensuring donors and the public were well‐informed of the upcoming changes would improve implementation.DiscussionParticipant views emphasize the importance of supporting staff through training and transparent communication to optimize the delivery of world‐class equitable care for a new cohort of donors who have previously been excluded from plasma donation. Findings inform which staff supports to consider to improve implementation as policies continue to shift internationally.