bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Approach for Scaphoid Excision and Capitolunate Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Scapholunate Advanced Collapse and Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse Wrists: A Case Series
Authors: Huang Hui‐Kuang , Wu Chin‐Hsien , Huang Yi‐Chao , Yin Cheng‐Yu , Hung Wei‐Chen , Wang Jung‐Pan 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe dorsal approach is commonly used in open wrist arthrodesis. However, the extensor compartments and the dorsal wrist capsule need to be opened. We propose and evaluate a lateral approach using a small incision over the scaphoid anatomical snuffbox, which could be more straightforward for performing scaphoid excision and capitolunate arthrodesis in the treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC).MethodsBetween 2016 and 2021, 10 patients were enrolled retrospectively and underwent the lateral approach for scaphoid excision and capitolunate arthrodesis. We presented the radiographic outcomes, including fusion status, capitolunate angle, and carpal height ratio. The functional outcomes of wrist range of motion, grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and Mayo wrist score were evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed and presented as the mean and standard deviation (SD).ResultsAll 10 patients achieved solid bone fusion, and the mean follow‐up period was 20.4 (range 12–38; SD 10.1) months. Postoperatively, the mean capitolunate angle and carpal height ratio improved from 18.1° (range 8–34°; SD 8.6°) to 2.9° (range 0–5°; SD 1.9°) and 0.45 (range 0.40–0.49; SD 0.03)% to 0.50 (range 0.46–0.54; SD 0.02)%, respectively. The average preoperative and final follow‐up functional results were as follows: flexion‐extension arc of 76.5° (range 50–110°; SD 20.0°) and 74.0° (range 65–90°; SD 9.1°); VAS pain score of 5.8 (range 4–7; SD 1.0) and 0.9 (range 0–2; SD 0.6); QuickDASH score of 55.9 (range 40.9–79.5; SD 11.4) and 26.1 (range 18.2–36.4; SD 6.0); and Mayo wrist score of 46.5 (range 25–60; SD 13.8) and 72.5 (range 70–80; SD 3.5), respectively.ConclusionsThe lateral approach for scaphoid excision and capitolunate arthrodesis in treating SLAC and SNAC can provide a straightforward way for performance. This approach does not require disruption of the dorsal wrist capsule and extensor retinaculum. Bony healing can be achieved, and functional outcomes can be improved.
The Impact of Coronal Configuration of the Proximal Femur on its Mechanical Properties and the Validation of a New Theoretical Model: Finite Element Analysis and Biomechanical Examination
Authors: Zhang Lijia , Zhu Baozhang , Chen Liwan , Wang Wenqing , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to establish the coronal configuration of the proximal femur as an independent factor for its mechanical properties and provide validation for the theoretical model “fulcrum‐balance‐reconstruction.”MethodsThe digital 3D femur model constructed with the lower extremity high‐resolution computed tomography of a senior subject was applied with the axial compression of 2100N under 5 different α angles of 10°, 5°, 0°, −5°, −10°. The equivalent stress distribution of the femoral geometric model under each angle were calculated. Under the same five α angles, fatigue test was performed on 15 composite artificial left femurs (three specimens in each angle group) to obtain the failure cycle and fracture site. The statistical analysis was accomplished using One‐Way ANOVA.ResultsThe maximum stress of the entire femur in physiological angle (α = 10°) occurred below femoral neck with a value of 63.91 MPa. When the proximal femur is in extreme abducted angle (α = −10°), the maximum stress shift to the lower medial cortex of femoral shaft with a value of 105.2 MPa. As the α angle changed from 10° to −10°, the greater trochanteric region had the largest increment in maximum stress (2.78 times for cortex and 1.67 times for cancellous bone) locally at the proximal femur. The failure cycles of the artificial femurs with a variety of abduction angle were averagely 9126 ± 2453.87 (α = −10°), 58,112.33 ± 1293.84 (α = −5°), 92,879.67 ± 2398.54 (α = 0°), 172,045.3 ± 11011.11 (α = 5°), and 264,949.3 ± 35,067.26 (α = 10°), and the statistical analysis revealed that the α angle of the group of concern is proportional to the P value of the corresponding group compared to the 10° group(α = 5° & α = 10°, P = 0.01; α = 0 & α = 10°, P = 0.001; α = −5°, −10° & α = 10°, P < 0.001). In fatigue test, the fracture appeared on femoral neck for the α angles of 10° (three subcapital), 5° (two basal; one transcervical), and 0° (one transcervical). Fracture sites located at trochanteric region were observed with the more abducted angles including 0° (two subtrochanteric) and −5° (two intertrochanteric; one subtrochanteric). The fracture line was only found on femoral shaft in the −10° group.ConclusionWith increasing hip abduction, the proximal femur shows declining mechanical properties, which suggests higher risk of hip fracture and increasement in the fraction of trochanteric fracture subtype. Furthermore, the hypothesis of “fulcrum‐balance‐reconstruction” was validated by our study to a certain extent.
Post‐amputation pain: Comparing pain presentations between adults with and without increased amputated‐region sensitivity
Authors: Beisheim‐Ryan Emma Haldane , Pohlig Ryan Todd , Hicks Gregory Evan , Horne John Robert , Sions Jaclyn Megan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveAmong adults with persistent post‐amputation pain, increased amputated‐region pain sensitivity may reflect peripheral sensitization or indicate underlying central sensitization. To determine whether underlying central sensitization may contribute to increased pain sensitivity in this population, this study compared clinical signs and symptoms associated with central sensitization between adults with post‐amputation pain who demonstrate or lack increased amputated‐region sensitivity (as compared to reference data).DesignCross‐sectional.SubjectsNinety‐nine adults (60 with a unilateral, transtibial amputation and post‐amputation pain, 39 pain‐free controls with intact limbs).MethodsParticipants underwent pain‐pressure threshold testing of amputated‐region and secondary (non‐amputated region) sites and completed outcome measures assessing central sensitization symptoms (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® pain intensity and interference domains, Central Sensitization Inventory). Among the full sample, the presence and frequency of specific central sensitization symptoms were evaluated. Participants with post‐amputation pain were then grouped based on whether normalized, amputated‐region pain‐pressure thresholds fell below (i.e., sensitive) or above (i.e., non‐sensitive) the 25th percentile of sex‐specific reference data. Between‐group differences in normalized secondary‐site sensitivity were evaluated using a multivariate analysis of variance; central sensitization symptom scores were compared using a Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsNoteworthy symptoms associated with central sensitization (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive difficulty) were reported by 33%–62% of participants. Secondary‐site pain sensitivity was greater among individuals with increased amputated‐region sensitivity (n = 24) compared to peers without increased amputated‐region sensitivity ([n = 36], mean difference > 1.33 standard deviation [SD], p < 0.001). Central sensitization symptom scores, however, were similar between groups (p > 0.187).ConclusionsParticipants with increased amputated‐region sensitivity demonstrate generalized, secondary‐site pain hypersensitivity, potentially indicating underlying central sensitization. Central sensitization symptom scores, however, were similar between groups, suggesting differences in physiological pain sensitivity may not manifest in subjective post‐amputation pain descriptions.
Long‐term impact of tobacco exposure during pregnancy on children's psychomotor development
Authors: Saliaj Aurela , Zahaj Majlinda , Vasilika Prifti , Mechili Enkeleint‐Aggelos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth active and second‐hand smoking (SHS) can cause complications during pregnancy and after delivery. This study aimed to assess how tobacco exposure (active and passive) during the fetal period could impact the psychomotor development of children when they attain the age of 3–6 years.MethodsThe study included 160 mothers and their 3–6 year‐old children. Two research groups were set up of children born to active or SHS mothers during the period when they were pregnant and a control group of children of non‐smoking mothers. The parameters of the psychomotor development of the children were measured using the Age & Stage Questionnaires 3® (ASQ‐3).ResultsChildren, whose mothers were smokers themselves or who were exposed to SHS during the period of pregnancy had an average psychomotor development score of 221 points versus 243.5 points in the control group. Twenty‐six percent had delays (near or under the cut‐off scores) in one of the assessed psychomotor areas and 60% had two or more psychomotor delays; 36% of children whose mothers were not exposed to smoking during pregnancy had normal psychomotor development and only 34% presented multiple psychomotor delays.ConclusionsFetuses exposed to tobacco are more likely to achieve a psychomotor development in the ‘monitor’ and ‘fail’ areas compared to the non‐exposed control group. The children exposed to smoking during their fetal development should be considered as a group at risk of developmental delays, therefore they should be closely monitored and supported by caregivers and developmental pediatricians.
Coping during the COVID‐19 pandemic among young adults experiencing homelessness and unstable housing: A qualitative study
Authors: Gibbs Karen DiValerio , Jones Jennifer Torres , LaMark Whitney , Abdulmooti Sarah , Bretz Lauren , Kearney Kelly D. , Narendorf Sarah Carter , Santa Maria Diane M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundYoung adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) experience more stressors compared to housed peers, yet little is known about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on these youth. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how YAEH perceived the pandemic's impact on their well‐being and coping.MethodsYAEH were recruited from those participating in an HIV prevention study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysis was guided by Lazarus and Folkman's transactional theory of stress and coping.ResultsFour major themes were identified from interviews with 40 youth: (1) ongoing harms, (2) COVID‐19 as a stressor, (3) mental health impacts, and (4) coping strategies. Participants described unmet basic needs, emotions of frustration and anxiety, and several coping strategies including substance use.ConclusionMany YAEH reported experiencing continued challenges that were compounded by the stressors related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Special considerations are needed to address pandemic‐related exacerbations of mental health symptoms and substance use among YAEH.
Grass species with smoke‐released seed dormancy: A response to climate and fire regime but not photosynthetic pathway
Authors: Lamont B. B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBoth C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways and smoke‐released seed dormancy occur among grasses. C4 species evolved from C3 species as seasonality and fire frequency increased and might therefore imply that their smoke sensitivity increased. I searched the worldwide literature for reports on germination responses among grasses, whose photosynthetic pathway was known, to treatment by smoke. Data were obtained for 217 species and 126 genera. While subfamilies tended to be C3 (Pooideae), C4 (Chloridoideae) or a mixture (Panicoideae), a beneficial smoke response was independent of their photosynthetic pathway. The only exceptions were Danthonioideae (C3, non‐smoke responsive) and Triodia (C4, smoke responsive). One third of both C3 and C4 genera were smoke responsive. Even within genera, 90% of species showed contrasting smoke responses, confirming that smoke sensitivity is rarely taxonomically constrained. Data on photosynthetic pathway, climate, fire regime and vegetation were compiled for 15 regions that formed four distinct groups: 1) In warm climates with aseasonal rainfall, C4 grasses are moderately better represented, with crown fires and limited smoke responses. 2) In cool regions, most species are C3, with surface‐crown fires and lack smoke responses. 3) In warm regions with summer rain (savannas), most species are C4, with surface fires and lack smoke responses. 4) In Mediterranean‐climate regions with summer drought, most species are C3, with crown fires and smoke‐released dormancy. Thus, even though C3 and C4 grasses are equally capable of expressing smoke sensitivity, their response depends on the region’s climate and fire regime that also dictate which photosynthetic pathway dominates.
Characterization of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni from Prunus spp. orchards in Western Balkans
Authors: Iličić Renata , Jelušić Aleksandra , Milovanović Predrag , Stanković Slaviša , Zečević Katarina , Stanisavljević Rade , Popović Tatjana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study provides a new insight into the existing Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) bacterial population originating from peach and apricot in two Western Balkans countries (Serbia and Montenegro). Multilocus sequence typing and analysis of the sequences of nine housekeeping genes revealed homology between the tested Xap strains as well as with the European population of this bacterium. The tested strains share the same haplotype (Haplotype I) with the Xap strains from Italy, France, Spain, United States, Australia and Brazil. The revealed single nucleotide change (G ↔ C) in the sequences of the gyrB1 gene differentiates Haplotype I from Haplotype II (Xap from South Korea, New Zealand, Argentina and Uruguay). The detached‐leaf bioassay results confirmed differences in virulence between strains originating from peach and apricot towards Prunus armeniaca (apricot), indicating host specialization of the apricot strain towards this host. For the first time, immunity of P. fruticosa (European ground cherry) to Xap was established. According to the AUDPC, PCA and cluster analysis, other Prunus spp. were classified as having low susceptibility (P. mahaleb, P. cerasus and P. avium), as susceptible (P. domestica) and as highly susceptible (P. persica, P. dulcis, P. cerasifera and P. spinosa). Xap strains were also found to be susceptible to 10 tested antibiotics. This study provides valuable knowledge on the Xap population from stone fruit grown in the Western Balkans region as well as the source of immunity, which could serve as a starting point for breeding Prunus cultivars and could be used as the main control strategy.
The Intergenerational Effects of Recessions
Authors: Alessandrini Diana , Diwakar Bharat 
Published: October 2022

Several studies analyze the contemporaneous effects of recessions on individuals and their children. This paper shows that recessions also affect future offspring, not born yet. By linking fathers and offspring from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that a percentage‐point increase in the national unemployment rate experienced by men between ages 16 and 20 reduces their future offspring's annual wages by 4 percent, occupational prestige by 3 percent, and education by 0.2 years. We then investigate the mechanisms explaining our findings.
Shared understanding and social connection: Integrating approaches from social psychology, social network analysis, and neuroscience
Authors: Baek Elisa C. , Parkinson Carolyn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeaningfully connecting with others is critical to the well‐being of individuals. What phenomena contribute to and stem from social connection? In this paper, we integrate emerging work that uses neuroimaging and social network analysis with theories that explore the links between shared reality and social connection. We highlight recent work suggesting that the extent to which people have aligned mental processing and shared subjective construals to those around them—as shown by neural similarity—is associated with both objective and subjective social connection. On the other hand, idiosyncrasies are linked to difficulties with social connection. We conclude by suggesting how the links between shared understanding and social connection can be productively used as a framework to study psychosocial phenomena of interest.
Analysis of accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in urban area: A case study in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Hetian , Chiu Marcus Yu Lung , Feng Qiushi , Cao Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe accessibility to healthcare facilities is closely linked to people's health and quality of life, which is especially evident in densely populated metropolises, such as Shanghai, China. Access to healthcare facilities is determined by various spatial and nonspatial factors, such as population, transportation modes, travel time, and the reputation of hospitals. In this research, with the consideration of all these factors mentioned above, a new approach based on the two‐step floating catchment area method and multi‐source datasets was proposed to measure the accessibility to these hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shanghai, China, including secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals. In addition, a web mapping Application Programming Interface (API) was employed in this research to retrieve the traffic cost for different transportation modes and the analytic hierarchy process approach was also employed to help calculate the comprehensive accessibility in Shanghai considering both different types of hospitals and different modes of transportation. The results show that depending on modes of transportation, significant differences can be seen in accessibilities to different types of healthcare facilities. The calculated comprehensive accessibility reflects that the central regions in the research area have higher accessibility compared to the surrounding areas in Shanghai in general and more detailed spatial patterns could also been seen from the accessibility map. The research findings can also be utilized to support the better allocation of healthcare facilities at various levels.
Molecular phenotyping of malignant canine mammary tumours: Detection of high‐risk group and its relationship with clinicomolecular characteristics
Authors: Zamani‐Ahmadmahmudi Mohamad , Jajarmi Maziar , Talebipour Saeedeh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCanine mammary gland tumours (CMTs) constitute the most common cancer in female dogs and comprise approximately 50% of all canine cancers. With the advent of high‐throughput technologies such as microarray and next‐generation sequencing, the molecular phenotyping (classification) of various cancers has been extensively developed. The present study used a canine RNA‐sequencing dataset, namely GSE119810, to classify 113 malignant CMTs and 64 matched normal samples via an unsupervised hierarchical algorithm with a view to evaluating the association between the resulting subtypes (clusters) (n = 4) and clinical and molecular characteristics. Finally, a molecular classifier was developed, and it detected 1 high‐risk molecular subtype in the training dataset (GSE119810) and 2 independent validation datasets (GSE20718 and GSE22516). Our results revealed four molecular subtypes (C2–C5) in malignant CMTs. Furthermore, the normal samples constituted a distinct group in the clustering analysis. Marked significant associations were observed between the molecular subtypes (especially C5) and clinical/molecular features, including positive lymphatic invasion, high tumour grades, histopathology diagnoses, short survival and high TP53 mutation rates (ps <.05). The high‐risk subtype (C5) was further characterized through the development of a cell cycle‐based gene signature, which comprised 37 proliferation‐related genes according to the support vector machine algorithm. This signature identified the high‐risk group in both training and validation datasets (ps <.001). In the validation analysis, our potential classifier robustly predicted patients with positive lymphatic invasion, metastases and short survival.
Comparison of three canine nose guards for reduction of ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) solar radiation
Authors: Milich Kelsey A. , Griffin Craig E. , Dong Charli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundProtection from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is paramount for some dermatological conditions, yet there are no studies assessing UV nose guards for dogs.ObjectivesCompare the ability of three nasal guards to block solar UV radiation (UVR) from the canine nose, using two commercial products and one created by the authors.AnimalsFour fabric model dogs were used in this prospective controlled trial.Materials and MethodsEach model had a UV dosimeter applied to the dorsal nose and anterior nasal planum. Three models had nose protectors applied: (1) a mesh hood (OutFox Field Guard, OutFox For Dogs); (2) a fabric nose shield (Nose Protector, Dog Nose Protectors); or (3) a basket muzzle with ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) 50+ fabric developed by the authors. The control had no protective device applied. All the models were placed in direct sunlight and measurements taken over nine 2 h time periods. Total cumulative UVR was analysed for each location and type of guard or control.ResultsAll guards provided statistically significant UV protection compared to control at all time points (p < 0.001). The basket muzzle with UPF 50+ guard was consistent in protecting the dorsal and anterior nose, blocking 94.2% and 94.3% UVR, respectively. The fabric nose protector blocked 99.2% UVR from the dorsal and 82.9% anterior. The mesh hood blocked 72.5% of UVR dorsal and 71.4% anterior.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceTwo guards were superior in blocking UVR; however, the choice of UV guard in a clinical setting depends on an individual's disease location and tolerance of the device.
A Study on Key Disciplinary Parameters of Artificial Intelligent-Based Analysis Method for Dynamic Response Prediction of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Zhi Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The dynamic performance prediction of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is a challenging task, as the existing theories might not be fully reliable for FOWTs due to the high nonlinearities and coupling effects. The artificial intelligent (AI) method gives a promising solution for this issue, and Chen and Hu proposed a novel AI-based method, named SADA (software-in-the-loop combined artificial intelligence method for dynamic response analysis of FOWTs), to overcome these challenges. This paper addresses a further and in-depth investigation of the key technologies of the key disciplinary parameters (KDPs) in the SADA method to obtain a novel and accurate analysis method for dynamic responses prediction of FOWTs. First, the categorization of KDPs is introduced, which can be divided into three categories: environmental KDPs, disciplinary KDPs, and specific KDPs. Second, two factors, the number of KDPs and boundary adjustment of KDPs, are investigated through the reinforcement learning algorithm within the SADA method. Basin experimental data of a spar-type FOWT is used for AI training. The results show that more proper KDPs set in the SADA method can lead to higher accuracy for the prediction of FOWTs. Besides, reasonable boundary conditions will also contribute to the convergence of the algorithms efficiently. Finally, the instruction on how to better choose KDPs and how to set and adjust their boundary conditions is given in the conclusion. The application of KDPs in the SADA method not only provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic response of the entire FOWTs system but also provides a promising solution to overcome the challenges of validation.