bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case for Data-Driven Agile Transformations: Can Longitudinal Backlog Data Help Guide Organizational Improvement Journeys?
Authors: Boon Gijsbert C. , Stettina Christoph Johann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContext: Almost every organization with a strong digital capability has embarked on an agile transformation journey. But do these changes actually deliver on the envisioned transformation goals? What conclusions can we draw from measurements and observations?Objective: The ambition of this report is to (1) assess whether tooling data can be used to guide a transformation towards improved organizational performance; (2) verify claimed benefits of agile transformations using tooling data in the presented case study.Method: We measure productivity, time-to-market, and quality as transformation objectives by analyzing longitudinal Jira backlog tooling data within an embedded multiple-unit case study.Results: By analyzing over 57,000 Jira issues from eight agile release trains over a period of three years, we (1) provide a proof of concept of how tooling data can be used to guide agile transformations; (2) provide empirical evidence on the assessment of transformation objectives over time and organizational layers at FinOrg; and (3) connect measurement results with available literature.Conclusions: We may conclude that tooling data is a viable addition to guide transformations through identification of improvement opportunities on the set objectives. We connected the case study results to existing literature and identified similarities. We argue that there is a need for a measurement framework and better understanding of the dynamics between measurement and performance.
Regulating AI
Authors: Mantelero Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the debate on AI regulation is still fluid at a global level and the European initiatives are in their early stages, three possible approaches to grounding AI regulation on human rights are emerging. One option is a principles-based approach, comprising guiding principles derived from existing binding and non-binding international human rights instruments, which could provide a comprehensive framework for AI. A different approach focuses more narrowly on the impacts of AI on individual rights and their safeguarding through rights-based risk assessment. This is the path followed by the Council of Europe in its ongoing work on AI regulation. Finally, as outlined in the EU proposal, greater emphasis can be placed on managing high-risk applications by focusing on product safety and conformity assessment. Despite the differences between these three models, they all share a core concern with protecting human rights, recognised as a key issue in all of them. However, in these proposals for AI regulation, the emphasis on risk management is not accompanied by effective models for assessing the impact of AI on human rights. Analysis of the current debate therefore confirms that the HRESIA could not only be an effective response to human-rights oriented AI development that also encompasses societal values, but it could also bridge a gap in the current regulatory proposals.
Synthesis: Concept, Methodologies, and Strategies to Address the Nexus in SEPLS
Authors: Nishi Maiko , Subramanian Suneetha M. , Gupta Himangana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter synthesises major findings from the eleven case studies presented in the previous chapters, offering policy recommendations arising from the synthesis. It distills key messages to address questions on the following issues: (1) how to conceptualise the nexus between biodiversity, health, and sustainable development in the context of SEPLS management; (2) how to measure, evaluate, and monitor the effectiveness of SEPLS management in regard to securing and improving both ecosystem and human health; and (3) how to address the challenges and seize the opportunities of SEPLS management in minimising trade-offs and maximising synergies between different efforts augmenting both ecosystem and human health, as well as well-being, so as to move towards more sustainable futures. The chapter identifies several policy recommendations to better manage the biodiversity-health-sustainability nexus in SEPLS and facilitate transformative change for sustainable development. It also revisits the concept of the biodiversity-health-sustainability nexus to offer perspectives on the complex interlinkages in the context of managing SEPLS on the ground.
Effective Water Management for Landscape Management in the Siem Reap Catchment, Cambodia
Authors: Jacobson Chris , Smith Jady , Sou Socheath , Nielsen Christian , Hang Peou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternational awareness of the world-renowned Angkor Wat temple complex has drawn attention to the challenges of climate change, deforestation, and water management in Cambodia. The aim of this chapter is to examine the benefits of enhanced water management provided within Angkor Archaeological Park, and to consider challenges to maintaining those benefits. The Authority for the Protection of the Site and Management of the Region of Angkor (APSARA) designed and in 2014–2018 implemented within the Park a water management project to recharge groundwater supplies, mitigate floods, and provide irrigation. To assess the benefits, we draw on an economic analysis of ecosystem service changes, including interviewing 145 households from across the Park and four experts. To assess challenges to sustaining the benefits, we also interviewed 73 households and conducted 12 focus group discussions in the upper catchment. We used a combination of quantitative analysis (i.e. economic assessment) and qualitative data analysis (e.g. thematic analysis). Our analyses of data from people living in and around the Park showed that improved water management (e.g. reinforcing dykes and storage facilities for groundwater recharge) and investment in economic diversification (e.g. tourism, horticulture, and heritage crops projects) reduced vulnerability of the people to climate hazards. Currently, these benefits are threatened by forest loss in the upper Siem Reap catchment. Our analysis of data from the upper catchment showed that forest loss also resulted in detrimental effects to human health and well-being, and was associated with higher food insecurity. Solutions are suggested to enhance nature-based employment opportunities and promote economic diversification. This would extend the scope of management of this socio-ecological production landscape (SEPL) beyond the Park and ensure its sustainability by improving the health and well-being of the people living in the upper catchment.
Are the Skiing Industry, Globalisation, and Urbanisation of Alpine Landscapes Threatening Human Health and Ecosystem Diversity?
Authors: Fischer Andrea , Adolf Henriette , Bender Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Jamtal Environmental Education Centre is a joint effort of the local communities of Galtür and Ischgl and the Alpinarium museum, dedicated to high mountain livelihoods and landscapes. For this study, we compiled available scientific evidence and personal views in the two communities on the co-evolution of human health and the biodiversity of local ecosystems. Main sources are historical records and maps, chronosequencing in the glacier forefields, and an analysis of contemporary land cover and glacier changes. In both communities, a large part of the area has remained unused since the start of the records in 1857. While the glacier area has shrunk by 70% since then, the forest area has increased as a result of changing land use and climate. Chronosequencing reveals that the glacier forefields are refugia for cold-adapted species under pressure from climate warming. Although land cover has changed, no type of land use recorded in the historical data has disappeared completely. While health services and infrastructure are thought to be sufficient, interviewees saw the largest potential for improvement in today’s lifestyle. Traditional practices involving usage of herbs or food culture, for example related to Gentiana punctata, are still alive and important for the communities.
Analytic and numerical bootstrap for one-matrix model and “unsolvable” two-matrix model
Authors: Kazakov Vladimir , Zheng Zechuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We propose the relaxation bootstrap method for the numerical solution of multi-matrix models in the large N limit, developing and improving the recent proposal of H. Lin. It gives rigorous inequalities on the single trace moments of the matrices up to a given “cutoff” order (length) of the moments. The method combines usual loop equations on the moments and the positivity constraint on the correlation matrix of the moments. We have a rigorous proof of applicability of this method in the case of the one-matrix model where the condition of positivity of the saddle point solution appears to be equivalent to the presence of supports of the eigenvalue distribution only on the real axis and only with positive weight. We demonstrate the numerical efficiency of our method by solving the analytically “unsolvable” two-matrix model with tr[A, B]2 interaction and quartic potentials, even for solutions with spontaneously broken discrete symmetry. The region of values for computed moments allowed by inequalities quickly shrinks with the increase of the cutoff, allowing the precision of about 6 digits for generic values of couplings in the case of ℤ2 symmetric solutions. Our numerical data are checked against the known analytic results for particular values of parameters.
“Dendroarchitectonics”: From Santiago Ramón y Cajal to Enrique Ramón-Moliner or vice versa?
Authors: Geser Felix , Haybaeck Johannes , Yilmazer-Hanke Deniz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere, we review the morphological taxonomy of neurons proposed by Enrique Ramón-Moliner in the vertebrate central nervous system based on "dendroarchitectonics" and compare these findings with Santiago Ramón y Cajal's work. Ramón-Moliner distinguished three main groups of nerve cells situated on a spectrum of dendritic configuration in the mammalian central nervous system with decreasing degree of morphological specialization, i.e., idiodendritic, allodendritic, and isodendritic neurons. Leptodendritic neurons would be an even more primitive type, and lophodendritic nerve cells would develop into pyramidal neurons. Using two developmental lines (i.e., telencephalic and rhombencephalic trends), Ramón-Moliner reconstructed the probable course of events in the phylogenetic history that led to the dendroarchitectonic families. While an increasing morphological specialization is associated with the projected phylogenetic development as an abstract "whole," phylogenetically "primitive neurons" such as the reticular formation may be present in later phylogenetic stages, and vice versa, phylogenetical "new arrivals," such as the cortical pyramidal cell, may be found early in phylogeny. Thus, Ramón-Moliner adopted the notion of an in-parallel neuronal development during phylogeny and ontogeny. In contrast, Cajal argued earlier in favor of the idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, focusing on the pyramidal neuron. In ontogeny, the early developmental features show a higher degree of similarity than the comparison of their adult forms. These results corroborate the rejection of the interpretative framework of ontogeny as a simple, speedy repetition of the phylogeny. Understanding morphological findings with the change in their interpretation and the historic underpinnings provide a framework for refined scientific hypotheses.
An Accelerated First-Order Method for Non-convex Optimization on Manifolds
Authors: Criscitiello Christopher , Boumal Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe describe the first gradient methods on Riemannian manifolds to achieve accelerated rates in the non-convex case. Under Lipschitz assumptions on the Riemannian gradient and Hessian of the cost function, these methods find approximate first-order critical points faster than regular gradient descent. A randomized version also finds approximate second-order critical points. Both the algorithms and their analyses build extensively on existing work in the Euclidean case. The basic operation consists in running the Euclidean accelerated gradient descent method (appropriately safe-guarded against non-convexity) in the current tangent space, then moving back to the manifold and repeating. This requires lifting the cost function from the manifold to the tangent space, which can be done for example through the Riemannian exponential map. For this approach to succeed, the lifted cost function (called the pullback) must retain certain Lipschitz properties. As a contribution of independent interest, we prove precise claims to that effect, with explicit constants. Those claims are affected by the Riemannian curvature of the manifold, which in turn affects the worst-case complexity bounds for our optimization algorithms.
Cognitive bias and attitude distortion of a priority decision
Authors: Svenson Ola , Lindholm Öjmyr Torun , Appelbom Sophia , Isohanni Freja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe resource saving bias is a cognitive bias describing how resource savings from improvements of high-productivity units are overestimated compared to improvements of less productive units. Motivational reasoning describes how attitudes, here towards private/public health care, distort decisions based on numerical facts. Participants made a choice between two productivity increase options with the goal of saving doctor resources. The options described productivity increases in low-/high-productivity private/public emergency rooms. Jointly, the biases produced 78% incorrect decisions. The cognitive bias was stronger than the motivational bias. Verbal justifications of the decisions revealed elaborations of the problem beyond the information provided, biased integration of quantitative information, change of goal of decision, and motivational attitude biases. Most (83%) of the incorrect decisions were based on (incorrect) mathematical justifications illustrating the resource saving bias. Participants who had better scores on a cognitive test made poorer decisions. Women who gave qualitative justifications to a greater extent than men made more correct decision. After a first decision, participants were informed about the correct decision with a mathematical explanation. Only 6.3% of the participants corrected their decisions after information illustrating facts resistance. This could be explained by psychological sunk cost and coherence theories. Those who made the wrong choice remembered the facts of the problem better than those who made a correct choice.
Genetic analysis of hog deer (Axis porcinus) in Victoria, Australia, and its applications to invasive species and game management
Authors: Hill Erin , Murphy Nicholas , Toop Simon , Linacre Adrian , Strugnell Jan M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHog deer were introduced to Australia in the 1860s, where they have spread across the Gippsland region of Victoria. Due to its status as an introduced species and an important game animal within Victoria, management of the species is complex. Given this complexity, genetic studies can provide important information regarding population structure and diversity which can assist in controlling problematic populations of hog deer, while also ensuring viable game stock in sites managed as game reserves. The aim of this study was to investigate the population genetic structure and diversity of the Victorian hog deer 150 years after introduction using short tandem repeats (STRs). Hog deer samples were collected across 15 sites of differing management regimes in the Gippsland region of Victoria and genotyped for 13 polymorphic STR loci. Up to four distinct genetic clusters were identified across the sites sampled, suggesting that despite low observed genetic diversity, population structure is present across their range. It was also possible to detect evidence of recent translocations among populations. This study suggests that the presence of distinct genetic clusters may enable management of separate genetic units, considering invasive species and game management objectives.
Grit Across Nations: The Cross-National Equivalence of the Grit-O Scale
Authors: van Zyl Llewellyn E. , Heijenk Babet , Klibert Jeff , Shankland Rebecca , Verger Nicolas B. , Rothmann Sebastiaan , Cho Vincent , Feng Katherine , See-To Eric W. K. , Roll Lara C. , van der Meij Leander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite its popularity in practice, the Grit-O Scale has shown inconsistent factorial structures and differing levels of internal consistency in samples outside the USA. The validity of the Grit-O Scale in different contexts is, therefore, questionable. As such, the purpose of this paper was to determine whether the Grit-O Scale could be used as a valid and reliable measure to compare grit across different nations. Specifically, the aim was to investigate the factorial validity, reliability, and concurrent validity of the Grit-O Scale and to investigate measurement invariance across three national cohorts (Europe, the USA, and Hong Kong). Data were gathered from 1888 respondents stemming from one USA- (n = 471), two Hong Kong- (n = 361) and four European (n = 1056) universities. A series of traditional CFA and less restrictive ESEM models were estimated and systematically compared to determine the best factorial form of the Grit-O Scale. The results showed that a bifactor ESEM model, with one general factor of overall grit and two specific factors (consistency of interest and perseverance of effort), fitted the data best, showed strong measurement invariance across the three samples, and showed itself to be a reliable measure. Furthermore, concurrent validity was established by showing that the three grit factors were directly and positively related to task performance. Meaningful latent comparisons between the three cultural cohorts could therefore be made. The results imply that cross-national comparisons of grit may only be problematic when traditional CFA approaches are favoured. In contrast, ESEM modelling approaches may compensate for cross-national differences in understanding grit and control for differences in the interpretation of the scale’s items. Therefore, the bifactor ESEM approach may be more appropriate for cross-cultural and cross-national comparison studies, as it allows for these differences to be meaningfully captured, modelled, and controlled for.
Parametric instability of a vertically driven magnetic pendulum with eddy-current braking by a flat plate
Authors: Boeck Thomas , Sanjari Seyed Loghman , Becker Tatiana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe vertically driven pendulum is one of the classical systems where parametric instability occurs. We study its behavior with an additional electromagnetic interaction caused by eddy currents in a nearby thick conducting plate that are induced when the bob is a magnetic dipole. The known analytical expressions of the induced electromagnetic force and torque acting on the dipole are valid in the quasistatic limit, i.e., when magnetic diffusivity of the plate is sufficiently high to ensure an equilibrium between magnetic field advection and diffusion. The equation of motion of the vertically driven pendulum is derived assuming that its magnetic dipole moment is aligned with the axis of rotation and that the conducting plate is horizontal. The vertical position of the pendulum remains an equilibrium with the electromagnetic interaction. Conditions for instability of this equilibrium are derived analytically by the harmonic balance method for the subharmonic and harmonic resonances in the limit of weak electromagnetic interaction. The analytical stability boundaries agree with the results of numerical Floquet analysis for these conditions but differ substantially when the electromagnetic interaction is strong. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the area of harmonic instability can become doubly connected. Bifurcation diagrams obtained numerically show the co-existence of stable periodic orbits in such conditions. For moderately strong driving, chaotic motions can be maintained for the subharmonic instability.
Statistical guarantee of timeliness in networks of IoT devices
Authors: Franco Antonio , Landfeldt Björn , Körner Ulf , Nyberg Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, has opened up the possibility of using the ubiquity of small devices to route information without the necessity of being connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN). Use cases of IoT devices sending updates that are routed and delivered by other IoT devices have been proposed in the literature. In this paper we focus on receivers only interested in the freshest updates from the sending device. In particular, the dynamic network created by routing/gossiping through small devices creates the possibility of delivering updates out of order. Thus, the entire process can be studied well through a queueing system with infinitely many servers, all serving updates with a random service time. Age of Information (AoI) was proposed as the main metric to measure information freshness. We study the amount of time that the AoI is over a certain threshold at the receiver end as a Quality of Service (QoS) measure, called update outage probability. Particularly, given the recent interest in the literature for time domain analysis of the AoI, we obtain the exact expressions for the AoI, peak AoI (pAoI), effective service time and effective departure time distributions for an M/M/$$\infty $$
∞
queuing system from a time domain perspective, and study the interdependence between the various parameters involved in order to satisfy a given statistical constraint on timeliness.