bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Vortex–Antivortex Interaction of Light
Authors: Lin Haolin , Fu Shenhe , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spin–orbit interaction and the extrinsic orbit–orbit interaction of light have been thoroughly studied, which have led to important phenomena including the spin Hall effect, orbital Hall effect, and spin–orbit Hall effect of light. Nevertheless, the concept of optical intrinsic orbit–orbit interaction, which is named as vortex–antivortex interaction, is scarcely known to the authors knowledge. Here, such a novel interaction process is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, which emerges due to mutual interplays among reciprocal helicities of singular cores in a freely propagating light field. A general model describing the process is presented, which includes a linearly independent term and a nonlinearly coupling term. It is revealed that the strong coupling leads to intuitive mutual attraction between two reciprocal vortices, while the weak coupling, in contrast, results in a counterintuitive repulsive phenomenon. The vortex–antivortex interaction enables the predictions and observations of the orbital angular momentum Hall effect, as well as the stable propagation of an appropriately structured vortex arrays without nonlinear light–matter interactions. The results expand the scope of interaction processes among different forms of optical angular momenta, and open opportunities for studies of new effects using the presented coupling mechanism.
Er3+/Yb3+‐Based Halide Double Perovskites with Highly Efficient and Wide Ranging Antithermal Quenching Photoluminescence Behavior for Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Xiao Hui , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRare‐earth ion‐doped halide perovskite materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding electrical and optical characteristics. However, the heavy doping of activating rare‐earth ions causes severe cross‐relaxation and photoluminescence intensity quenching. Herein, the challenge of designing highly efficient emission and antithermal quenching Er3+/Yb3+‐based halide double perovskite single crystals based on abnormal heavy activator doping without severe concentration quenching is addressed. Cross‐relaxation is proposed as a possible mechanism. Upon Yb3+ substitution, the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) emission peaks at 664 and 995 nm are greatly enhanced, and the photoluminescence quantum yield of optimized Cs2NaEr0.4Yb0.6Cl6 is 62% under 379 nm ultraviolet excitation. More importantly, the cross‐relaxation between Er3+ and Yb3+ is verified. The cross‐relaxation enhances the downshifting emission and causes the visible and NIR emissions to exhibit a wide range of antithermal quenching photoluminescence behaviors. The as‐prepared halide double perovskites demonstrate great potential for light‐emitting diode applications in advanced night vision technology and nondestructive examination.
Short‐term effect of magnetic stimulation added to bladder training in women with idiopathic overactive bladder: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tezer Tevfik , Yıldız Necmettin , Sarsan Ayşe , Alkan Hakan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of magnetic stimulation (MStim) added to bladder training (BT) on incontinence‐related quality of life (QoL) and clinical parameters in women with idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB).Material and MethodsSeventy‐six women with idiopathic OAB were randomized into two groups using the random numbers generator as follows: Group 1 received BT alone (n: 38), and Group 2 received BT + MStim (n: 38). MStim was performed with MStim therapy armchair (Novamag NT60), 2 days a week, 20 min a day, a total of 12 sessions for 6 weeks. Women were evaluated in terms of incontinence severity (24‐h pad test), 3‐day voiding diary (frequency of voiding, incontinence episodes, nocturia, and number of pads), symptom severity (OAB‐V8), QoL (IIQ‐7), positive response and cure–improvement rates, and treatment satisfaction (Likert scale) at the baseline and the end of treatment (sixth week).ResultsA statistically significant improvement was found in incontinence severity, frequency of voiding, incontinence episodes, nocturia, number of pads, symptom severity, and QoL parameters for two groups at the end of the treatment compared to the baseline values (p < 0.05). At the end of treatment; incontinence severity, incontinence episodes, nocturia, number of pads, symptom severity, and QoL were significantly improved in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.05). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of frequency of voiding (p > 0.05). The positive response and cure–improvement rates, and treatment satisfaction were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05).ConclusionMStim added to BT is more effective than BT alone in women with idiopathic OAB.
Association between skeletal muscle changes, anthropometric measurements, and clinical outcomes in critically ill trauma and surgical patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kangalgil Melda , Ulusoy Hülya , Turan Sekine , Oncu Kıvanç 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute skeletal muscle wasting may predict clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. This study aimed to assess acute muscle loss, changes in anthropometric measurements, and the relationship between muscle loss and clinical outcomes in critically ill trauma and surgical patients.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective observational study was conducted in critically ill trauma and surgical patients who were expected to stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 7 days. Rectus femoris cross‐sectional area muscle measurements were performed by bedside ultrasound, and anthropometric measurements were obtained at baseline and 7 days after the first assessment. Length of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, and mortality were recorded.ResultsThirty‐five patients with a mean age of 49.6 ± 18.6 years and 74.1% male were enrolled. The rectus femoris cross‐sectional area, mid‐arm circumference, and calf circumference were reduced at second assessment from baseline (P < 0.05). In univariate analysis, muscle loss and changes in anthropometric measurements were not associated with 90‐day mortality (P > 0.05).ConclusionMuscle loss in critical trauma and surgical patients occurred rapidly during the first week of critical illness. Rectus femoris muscle cross‐sectional area assessment can be used to detect skeletal muscle changes in critically ill patients. Further investigations on the skeletal muscle changes and clinical outcomes need to be conducted.
A qualitative analysis of intravenous smart pump usability
Authors: Blake Jeannine W. C. , Fiske Sarah M. , Giuliano Karen K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo understand the experience of critical care nurses when performing common, yet error‐prone, programming tasks on two unfamiliar intravenous smart pumps.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using data collected during a previous quantitative pilot study.MethodsFollowing completion of common intravenous programming tasks each participant was interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. All interview data were coded line‐by‐line and thematic analysis revealed themes across all participants' interviews.ResultsThe following four themes were identified: appreciation for attractive design features, the need for efficiency, the importance of intuitive use and concern for patient outcomes. Overall, these themes provide evidence that nurses strongly prefer a more usable intravenous smart pump interface that integrates safeguards to efficiently improve patient outcomes. Findings support the need for intravenous smart pump technology to be developed with an intuitive interface that decreases the level of cognitive demand and will lead to improved patient safety.
Pediatric cancer outcomes after the implementation of a residential hostel in Tanzania
Authors: Morgan Austin , Watt Melissa , Zullig Leah , Sued Hillary , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA large survival disparity exists for pediatric cancer patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries compared with high‐income countries. A variety of factors contribute to this gap, including late‐stage disease at presentation, high rates of abandonment of care, and lack of supportive care infrastructure. A residential hostel was established in Mwanza, Tanzania, to reduce barriers to accessing and maintaining care among patients being treated for childhood cancer at a regional referral hospital. This study examines the effect of the hostel on one‐year survival and treatment abandonment for children diagnosed with cancer.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed for all patients presenting from May 2017 to April 2018, following the establishment of a pediatric cancer hostel at the referral hospital. Active follow‐up was used to confirm survival data.ResultsThere were 149 patients who presented to the referral hospital during the study period with 130 eligible for evaluation. A total of 34% (n = 44) used the hostel services and 66% did not use the hostel (n = 86). Patients who used the hostel did not significantly differ by age, sex, or diagnosis compared with patients who did not use the hostel. Patients who used the hostel had lower treatment abandonment (27% vs 37%) and higher one‐year overall survival (47% vs 37%) compared with patients who did not use the hostel.ConclusionOur findings suggest key supportive programs such as a family hostel may be beneficial for patients with childhood cancer and can improve pediatric cancer treatment outcomes in LMICs.
The Ukrainian children emergency: How the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Turin supports cancer patients and their families who have escaped war
Authors: Zucchetti Giulia , Battaglini Chiara , Ciappina Sabrina , Geuna Tiziana , Giordano Mario , Peirolo Claudia , Roccia Elvia , Asaftei Sebastian , Quarello Paola , Fagioli Franca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to the war in Ukraine, many children have been killed and those who suffer from severe diseases, such as oncological pathologies, are facing serious challenges as their treatment is interrupted. The objective of this report is to describe one of the first Italian humanitarian expeditions launched to rescue children and their families to provide them with the best possible cancer care. The Pediatric Oncology Unit of Turin has welcomed 60 Ukrainians who are patients, caregivers and siblings. This report underlines the activities that have been implemented to offer this new type of patient the best possible care.
Factors associated with progression of depression, anxiety, and stress‐related symptoms in outpatients and inpatients with COVID‐19: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hoşgören Alıcı Yasemin , Çınar Güle , Hasanlı Jamal , Ceran Selvi , Onar Deha , Gülten Ezgi , Akdemir Kalkan İrem , Memikoğlu Kemal Osman , Çelik Çaşit Olgun , Devrimci‐Ozguven Halise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is known that there is an increase in the frequency of psychiatric disturbances in the acute and post‐illness phase of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Comorbid psychiatric symptoms complicate the management of patients and negatively affect the prognosis, but there is no clear evidence of their progress. We aimed to determine psychiatric comorbidity in inpatients and outpatients with COVID‐19 and recognize the factors that predict psychiatric comorbidity. For this purpose, we evaluated patients on the first admission and after 4 weeks. We investigated psychiatric symptoms in outpatients (n = 106) and inpatients (n = 128) diagnosed with COVID‐19. In the first 7 days after diagnosis (first phase), sociodemographic and clinic data were collected, a symptom checklist was constructed, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms Scale (SASSS) were applied. After 30–35 days following the diagnosis, the SASSS and the HADS were repeated. In the first phase, the frequency of depression and anxiety were 55% and 20% in inpatients, and 39% and 18% in outpatients, respectively. In the second phase, depression scores are significantly decreased in both groups whereas anxiety scores were decreased only in inpatients. The frequencies of patients reporting sleep and attention problems, irritability, and suicide ideas decreased after 1 month. Patients with loss of smell and taste exhibit higher anxiety and depression scores in both stages. Our results revealed that the rate of psychiatric symptoms in COVID‐19 patients improves within 1 month. Inpatients have a more significant decrease in both depression and anxiety frequency than do outpatients. The main factor affecting anxiety and depression was the treatment modality. Considering that all patients who were hospitalized were discharged at the end of the first month, this difference may be due to the elimination of the stress caused by hospitalization.
Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications
Authors: Suhaimi Nur Aina Syafiqah , Muhamad Farina , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Zeimaran Ehsan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith increasing usage of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes polluting the oceans and environment, the recycling of PET wastes has become a crucial issue to be overcome. In this article, a review of the different technologies that have been developed to recycle PET wastes and common routes for recycled PET (rPET) is presented. The impacts of varied recycling technologies on the properties of rPET are also discussed herein. The review also focuses on the recovered products by each of the technology and their uses that have been reincorporated into new applications for example, from plastic bottle wastes to 3D scaffolds for biomedical application. Different recycling technologies such as reactive extrusion, chemical recycling and dissolution/precipitation exhibit specific properties due to the influence of the different concepts from one technology to another. A new trend called electrospinning of rPET to produce nanofibers has also garnered attention to be used for different applications. This article will first introduce the recycling technologies concept, and then the properties of the recovered product will be discussed and finally, we will focus on the applications of rPET produced from each of the technologies in various fields such as construction, textile, filtration, and biomedical applications.
Composition‐dependentglass transition temperature in mixtures: Evaluation of configurational entropy models*
Authors: Lopez Evelyn , Koh Yung P. , Zapata‐Hincapie John A. , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe composition dependence of the glass transition temperature (Tg) in mixtures remains an important unsolved problem. Here, it is revisited using three model systems: a series of oligomeric and polymeric cyanurates, blends of oligomeric and polymeric α‐methyl styrene, and molecular mixtures of itraconazole and posaconazole. We evaluate several entropy‐based models to determine the theoreticalTgas a function of molecular composition and compare the results against the experimental data. The assumption that the configurational entropy is invariant at theTgis tested, where the change in configurational entropy is assumed to be given by the integral of ΔCpdlnT, where ΔCpis the temperature‐dependent change in the heat capacity atTg. We find that, although the temperature‐dependent heat capacities in both liquid and glassy states are nearly independent of composition for several of the systems studied (i.e., they are nearly ideal mixtures), the composition dependence ofTgis not well described by simply adding the changes in the mass‐weighted configurational entropy of the components on going from theTgin the pure state to that of the blend. The implication is that either configurational entropy is not invariant atTgor that it cannot be obtained from the integral of ΔCpdlnT.
The optical spectra of DMAC‐based molecules for organic light‐emitting diodes: Hybrid‐exchange density functional theory study
Authors: Wang Yuting , Wu Wei , Choy Kwang Leong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) have considerable advantages over the conventional counterpart. Molecular design by simulations is important for the discovery of new material candidate to improve the performance of OLED. Recently, thermally assisted delayed fluorescence OLED based on DMAC (9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine)‐related molecules have been found to have superior performance. In this work, a series of first‐principles calculations are performed on DMAC‐DPS (diphenylsulfone, emission of blue‐color light), DMAC‐BP (benzophenone, green), DMAC‐DCPP (dicyclohexylphosphonium, red), and the newly designed DMAC‐BF (enaminone difluoroboron complexes, red) molecules, based on time‐dependent density‐functional theory, the hybrid‐exchange density functional, and the long‐range corrected hybrid‐exchange density functional. By varying the percentage of Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange in the hybrid‐exchange functional, the emission spectra can be over 97% fitted to the experimental results. We found that the fitted proportion of HF will increase as the wavelengths of the molecules decrease (30% for DPS, 20% for BP, and 10% for DCPP). By contrast, the long‐range corrected hybrid‐exchange density functional can lead to a good estimate on the absorption spectra. In addition, we have also applied our fitting computational procedure to the newly designed molecule. The molecular orbitals involved in the related excited states have also been investigated for these molecules, which show a common charge‐transfer characteristic between the acceptor part (DPS/BP/DCPP/BF) and the donor (DMAC).
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of verinurad with and without allopurinol in healthy Asian, Chinese, and non‐Asian participants
Authors: Johansson Susanne , Han David , Hunt Thomas , Björck Karin , Florica Delia , Gillen Michael , Hall Jesse , Erlandsson Fredrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVerinurad is a selective inhibitor of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1). Here, we assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of verinurad + allopurinol and verinurad monotherapy in healthy participants. Studies 1 (NCT03836599) and 2 (NCT02608710) were randomized Phase 1 studies. In Study 1, 12 healthy Asian participants received 24 mg verinurad + 300 mg allopurinol or placebo, and 9 healthy Chinese participants received 12 mg verinurad + 300 mg allopurinol. In Study 2, 24 healthy non‐Asian male participants received 12 mg verinurad. Safety analyses included assessment of adverse events (AEs). Pharmacokinetic parameters included maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) over 24 h (AUCτ). Pharmacodynamic parameters included percentage change from baseline (day –1) in serum uric acid (sUA) and urinary uric acid (uUA). There were no serious AEs or deaths in either study. In Study 1, steady‐state geometric mean (gCV%) Cmax and AUCτ values of verinurad after 7 days’ dosing were 73.6 (29.0) ng/mL and 478 (18.4) ng·h/mL, respectively, in healthy Asian participants, and 42.0 (40.1) ng/mL and 264 (36.1) ng·h/mL, respectively, in healthy Chinese participants; in Study 2, gCV% values were 36.3 (36.5) ng/mL and 271 (31.0) ng·h/mL, respectively. sUA decreased and uUA excretion increased compared with baseline following verinurad + allopurinol (Study 1) or verinurad (Study 2). When accounting for dose, the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of verinurad following multiple dosing were comparable between healthy Asian and Chinese participants and healthy non‐Asian participants. Verinurad treatments were well tolerated, including at higher verinurad exposures than previously evaluated after repeated dosing.
Carbon sequestration in back‐barrier tidal marsh soils
Authors: Stolt Mark , Hardy Amber 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTidal marshes are broad flat wetlands that have some of the highest carbon stocks of any ecosystem. Although the amount of carbon stored in these soils is undeniable, there are a number of uncertainties regarding carbon sequestration rates of these systems. One of the timeliest is related to the usefulness of a single sequestration rate for carbon accounting purposes. We measured soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rates across an elevation gradient in three back‐barrier tidal marshes in New England to test if a single sequestration value can be used for such marshes. Time zero was marked by deposition of overwash sediments from Hurricane Sandy in 2012. A total of 52 sampling locations were established at the three marshes. Eight years after overwash deposition, average plant cover ranged from 55 to 94%. Soils developed thin A horizons over underlying overwash C horizons. Sequestration rates ranged from 52 to 637 g carbon m−2 yr−1. These rates are three to four times that of the average SOC sequestration rate in New England forests. Sequestration rates increased as elevation decreased (p values were .006, .020, and .16 for the three marshes). Average SOC sequestration rates for the lowest elevation marshes (296 and 326 g m−2 yr−1) were significantly higher than that of the higher elevation marsh (186 g m−2 yr−1). Our studies suggest that there is a significant elevation relationship in carbon sequestration within marshes, and a single sequestration rate is not representative of all marshes in similar settings.
Replacing “Alkyl” with “Aryl” for inducing accessible channels to closed pores as plateau‐dominated sodium‐ion battery anode
Authors: Shao Wenlong , Cao Qi , Liu Siyang , Zhang Tianpeng , Song Zihui , Song Ce , Weng Zhihuan , Jian Xigao , Hu Fangyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHard carbons are promising anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. However, there is still considerable controversy regarding the sodium storage behaviors in hard carbons, which are mainly attributed to the varied precursors, confused pyrolysis mechanism, and different characterization methods. Herein, benefiting from the flexible molecular structure of polymers, a series of hard carbons with carefully tuned microstructures are fabricated by adjusting the ratio of aryl and alkyl groups in the epoxy resins. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis, in‐situ Fourier transform infrared spectra, and synchronous thermal gravimetric‐infrared spectrum‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry reveal that replacing the alkyl with aryl groups in the resin can enhance the crosslink density, inhibit the degradation and rearrangement process, and further lead to a more disordered microstructure. In addition, it is suggested that accessible channels provided by sufficiently wide interlayer spacing are necessary for closed pore filling. The optimized anode delivers a high capacity of 375 mAh/g in half cell with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 80.61%, and an energy density of 252 Wh/kg is attained in full cell. Finally, a reliable relationship among precursor–pyrolysis mechanism–structure–performance is established, and the sodium storage mechanism of “adsorption–insertion–pore filling” is well proved.