bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pornography Consumption in People of Different Age Groups: an Analysis Based on Gender, Contents, and Consequences
Authors: Ballester-Arnal Rafael , García-Barba Marta , Castro-Calvo Jesús , Giménez-García Cristina , Gil-Llario Maria Dolores 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Pornography consumption has increased exponentially in recent decades. Most studies conducted so far are focused on adult samples (typically, between 18 and 30 years old), limiting the generalizability of their results. This study aims to create a taxonomy that groups various pornographic contents and thus explore different aspects of its use (e.g., preference for different pornographic content, excessive and problematic use) in people at different life stages.

Methods
Between 2016 and 2019, 8,040 individuals (71.3% men) between 12 and 85 years old (M = 33.25, SD = 14.31) completed a battery that explores pathological and non-pathological pornography use. Participants were distributed into five age groups (< 18 years old, between 18–25, 26–40, 41–60, and > 60) to perform the different analyses (ANOVA and chi-square tests for the differences between the groups, EFA for the analyses of categories of pornographic content, and hierarchical linear regressions to identify the factors related to problematic use).

Results
Pornography use was highly prevalent (> 85%) in all age groups. Using a data-driven approach, we found that the pornographic content explored in this research can be classified within four categories. Using this taxonomy, we found differences according to the age for most of the pornographic content explored (e.g., sexual intercourse with opposite-sex partners [71.6–84.5% in males and 70.2–89.5% in females]). Finally, we found that age conditions the way in which preference for different pornographic content increases the risk of excessive and problematic use.

Conclusions
Pornography consumption is frequent in different age groups, although it varies depending on age and content. In addition, some particular pornographic contents were identified that increase the risk of developing an addiction in different developmental stages.

Policy Implications
This study provides a preliminary foundation for identifying the unique characteristics of pornography use in different age groups as well as content related to increased problematic use.
Maternal Levothyroxine Treatment as an Etiologic Factor in the Development of Infantile Craniosynostosis
Authors: Block Brandon R. , Collins John J. , Rios Jose C. , Mazzola Catherine A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCraniosynostosis (CS) is a condition characterized by premature fusion of one or more calvarial sutures. Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between CS and maternal hypothyroidism (MH), but research into this relationship has been scarce. A six-day-old male patient presented for initial neurosurgical consultation with trigonocephaly and prominent metopic ridging. A CT scan of the head confirmed the diagnosis of metopic CS, and it was revealed during the examination that the mother suffered from hypothyroidism during her pregnancy. Two theories provide a potential etiologic basis for the development of CS in infants born to hypothyroid mothers treated with levothyroxine. It is possible that the transplacental delivery of levothyroxine results in fetal thyrotoxicosis. Alternatively, intermittent periods of maternal hypothyroxinemia may encourage fetal thyroid hyperactivity to compensate for insufficient maternal thyroid hormones. Regardless, both theories must be formally investigated in order to elucidate the true association between CS and MH.
Am I Swede or Iranian? The question of national and ethnic identities among children of Iranian immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Ahmadi Fereshteh , Ahmadi Babak , Zandi Saeid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the host society’s social characteristics on second-generation immigrants’ understanding of their national and ethnic identities. Specifically, we studied how second-generation Iranians in Sweden identify themselves with Iranian society, with the Iranian ethnic group in Sweden, and/or with Swedish society, and then we compared second-generation Iranians in Sweden with those in the USA concerning the issue in question. To gather the data in Sweden, we used semi-structured e-mail interviews with 15 young people of Iranian background. We used secondary data to compare our results with those obtained in the USA. When comparing the results of this study with those obtained in the USA, we did not find the identity tensions and crisis reported by research on second-generation Iranians in the USA in members of the same generation in Sweden. Some policy recommendations were suggested.
Interplay of River and Tidal Forcings Promotes Loops in Coastal Channel Networks
Authors: Konkol Adam , Schwenk Jon , Katifori Eleni , Shaw John Burnham 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dense populations that inhabit global coastlines have an uncertain future due to increased flooding, storms, and human modification. The channel networks of deltas and marshes that plumb these coastlines present diverse architectures, including well‐studied dendritic topologies. However, the quasi‐stable loops that exist in nearly all coastal networks have not yet been explained. We present a model for self‐organizing networks inspired by vascular biophysics to show that loops emerge when the relative forcings between rivers and tides are comparable, resulting in interplay between hydrodynamic forcings at short time scales relative to network evolution. Using field data and satellite imaging, we confirm this control on 21 field networks. Our comparison provides compelling evidence that hydrodynamic fluctuations are capable of stabilizing loops in geophysical systems.
Platelet-derived growth factor D expression in adrenal cells is modulated by corticosteroids: putative role in adrenal suppression
Authors: Parry Christopher M. , Chan Li F. , Carr Daniel F. , Hawcutt Daniel B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Adrenal suppression is a clinically concerning side effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment in patients with asthma. Increased susceptibility to ICS-induced adrenal suppression has previously been identified in those with the rs591118 polymorphism in platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGFD). The mechanism underpinning this relationship is not known.

Methods
H295R cells were genotyped for rs591118 using a validated Taqman PCR allelic discrimination assay. H295R cell viability was determined after treatment with beclometasone and fluticasone (range 0–330 μM). Cortisol was measured in cell culture medium using competitive enzyme immunoassay.

Results
PDGFD protein expression in H295R cells was confirmed using Western blotting. When ACTH and forskolin were added to H295R cells, a reduction in PDGFD expression was seen, which was then restored by incubation with prochloraz, a known inhibitor of steroidogenesis. A dose-dependent, decrease in PDGFD expression was observed with beclometasone (over a 24 h incubation period) but not with beclometasone incubations beyond 24 h nor with fluticasone (at 24 or 48 h).

Conclusions
H295R cells express PDGFD protein, which can be modulated by incubation with steroidogenesis agonists and antagonists and additionally with exogenous beclometasone.

Impact

PDGFD is expressed in the human adrenal cell line, H295R, and expression can be modulated by beclometasone as well as agonists/antagonists of steroidogenesis.

This builds on previous research that identified a SNP in PDGFD (rs591118) as an independent risk factor for adrenal suppression in adults and children with obstructive airway disease treated with inhaled corticosteroids.

First in vitro experiments to support a link between the PDGF and cortisol production pathways, supporting the hypothesis that PDGFD variants can affect an individual’s sensitivity to corticosteroid-induced adrenal suppression.
Impact of antibiotics on off-target infant gut microbiota and resistance genes in cohort studies
Authors: Lebeaux Rebecca M. , Madan Juliette C. , Nguyen Quang P. , Coker Modupe O. , Dade Erika F. , Moroishi Yuka , Palys Thomas J. , Ross Benjamin D. , Pettigrew Melinda M. , Morrison Hilary G. , Karagas Margaret R. , Hoen Anne G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Young children are frequently exposed to antibiotics, with the potential for collateral consequences to the gut microbiome. The impact of antibiotic exposures to off-target microbes (i.e., bacteria not targeted by treatment) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is poorly understood.

Methods
We used metagenomic sequencing data from paired stool samples collected prior to antibiotic exposure and at 1 year from over 200 infants and a difference-in-differences approach to assess the relationship between subsequent exposures and the abundance or compositional diversity of microbes and ARGs while adjusting for covariates.

Results
By 1 year, the abundance of multiple species and ARGs differed by antibiotic exposure. Compared to infants never exposed to antibiotics, Bacteroides vulgatus relative abundance increased by 1.72% (95% CI: 0.19, 3.24) while Bacteroides fragilis decreased by 1.56% (95% CI: −4.32, 1.21). Bifidobacterium species also exhibited opposing trends. ARGs associated with exposure included class A beta-lactamase gene CfxA6. Among infants attending day care, Escherichia coli and ARG abundance were both positively associated with antibiotic use.

Conclusion
Novel findings, including the importance of day care attendance, were identified through considering microbiome data at baseline and post-intervention. Thus, our study design and approach have important implications for future studies evaluating the unintended impacts of antibiotics.

Impact

The impact of antibiotic exposure to off-target microbes and antibiotic resistance genes in the gut is poorly defined.

We quantified these impacts in two cohort studies using a difference-in-differences approach. Novel to microbiome studies, we used pre/post-antibiotic data to emulate a randomized controlled trial.

Compared to infants unexposed to antibiotics between baseline and 1 year, the relative abundance of multiple off-target species and antibiotic resistance genes was altered.

Infants who attended day care and were exposed to antibiotics within the first year had a higher abundance of Escherichia coli and antibiotic resistance genes; a novel finding warranting further investigation.
m6A methylation mediates LHPP acetylation as a tumour aerobic glycolysis suppressor to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Lin Jian-Xian , Lian Ning-Zi , Gao You-Xin , Zheng Qiao-Ling , Yang Ying-Hong , Ma Yu-Bin , Xiu Zhi-Song , Qiu Qing-Zhu , Wang Hua-Gen , Zheng Chao-Hui , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Wang Jia-Bin , Huang Chang-Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLHPP, a histidine phosphatase, has been implicated in tumour progression. However, its role, underlying mechanisms, and prognostic significance in human gastric cancer (GC) are elusive. Here, we obtained GC tissues and corresponding normal tissues from 48 patients and identified LHPP as a downregulated gene via RNA-seq. qRT-PCR and western blotting were applied to examine LHPP levels in normal and GC tissues. The prognostic value of LHPP was elucidated using tissue microarray and IHC analyses in two independent GC cohorts. The functional roles and mechanistic insights of LHPP in GC growth and metastasis were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that LHPP expression was significantly decreased in GC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that LHPP was an independent prognostic factor and effective predictor in patients with GC. The low expression of LHPP was significantly related to the poor prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, elevated LHPP expression effectively suppressed GC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the m6A modification of LHPP mRNA by METTL14 represses its expression; LHPP inhibits the phosphorylation of GSK3b through acetylation and mediates HIF1A to inhibit glycolysis, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Together, our findings suggest that LHPP is regulated by m6A methylation and regulates the metabolism of GC by changing the acetylation level. Thus, LHPP is a potential predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
Sex differences in global metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Escarcega Rocio Diaz , Honarpisheh Pedram , Colpo Gabriela Delevati , Ahnstedt Hilda W. , Couture Lucy , Juneja Shivanki , Torres Glenda , Ortiz Guadalupe J. , Sollome James , Tabor Natalie , Ganesh Bhanu P. , Choi H. Alex , Liu Fudong , McCullough Louise D. , Tsvetkov Andrey S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to symptoms ranging from asymptomatic disease to death. Although males are more susceptible to severe symptoms and higher mortality due to COVID-19, patient sex has rarely been examined. Sex-associated metabolic changes may implicate novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat COVID-19. Here, using serum samples, we performed global metabolomic analyses of uninfected and SARS-CoV-2-positive male and female patients with severe COVID-19. Key metabolic pathways that demonstrated robust sex differences in COVID-19 groups, but not in controls, involved lipid metabolism, pentose pathway, bile acid metabolism, and microbiome-related metabolism of aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan and tyrosine. Unsupervised statistical analysis showed a profound sexual dimorphism in correlations between patient-specific clinical parameters and their global metabolic profiles. Identification of sex-specific metabolic changes in severe COVID-19 patients is an important knowledge source for researchers striving for development of potential sex-associated biomarkers and druggable targets for COVID-19 patients.
Endothelial ETS1 inhibition exacerbate blood–brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis through inducing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Luo Yan , Yang Hang , Wan Yan , Yang Sibo , Wu Jiehong , Chen Shengcai , Li Yanan , Jin Huijuan , He Quanwei , Zhu Dong-Ya , Zhou Yifan , Hu Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been recognized as an early pathological feature and contributing factor in multiple sclerosis. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a process associated with endothelial dysfunction leading to the disruption of vessel stability and barrier function, yet its functional consequence in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition accompanied the blood–brain barrier dysfunction in several neurological disorders, especially in multiple sclerosis. The activity of transcription factor ETS1, which is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and responded to an inflammatory condition, is suppressed in the central nervous system (CNS) ECs in MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We identify ETS1 as a central regulator of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) associated with the compromise of barrier integrity. These phenotypical and functional alterations can further induce high permeability, immune infiltration, and organ fibrosis in multiple sclerosis, thus promoting disease progression. Together, these results demonstrate a functional role of EndMT in blood–brain barrier dysfunction and propose ETS1 as a potential transcriptional switch of EndMT to target the development of multiple sclerosis.
Mammalian eIF4E2-GSK3β maintains basal phosphorylation of p53 to resist senescence under hypoxia
Authors: Sun Lei , Yang He , He Dong , Chen Jian , Dong Zhiqiang , Luo Shaoxiang , Liang Huiting , Cao Yu , Cai Bingcheng , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypoxia modulates senescence, but their physiological link remains unclear. Here, we found that eIF4E2, a hypoxia-activated translation initiation factor, interacted with GSK3β to maintain phosphorylation of p53, thus resisting senescence under hypoxia. RNA-binding protein RBM38 interacted with eIF4E to inhibit the translation of p53, but GSK3β-mediated Ser195 phosphorylation disrupted the RBM38-eIF4E interaction. Through investigation of RBM38 phosphorylation, we found that the eIF4E2-GSK3β pathway specifically regulated proline-directed serine/threonine phosphorylation (S/T-P). Importantly, peptides e2-I or G3-I that blocking eIF4E2-GSK3β interaction can inhibit the basal S/T-P phosphorylation of p53 at multiple sites, therby inducing senescence through transcriptional inhibition. Additionally, a nanobody was screened via the domain where eIF4E2 bound to GSK3β, and this nanobody inhibited S/T-P phosphorylation to promote senescence. Furthermore, hypoxia inhibited eIF4E2-GSK3β pathway by mediating S-Nitrosylation of GSK3β. Blocking eIF4E2-GSK3β interaction promoted liver senescence under hypoxia, thus leading to liver fibrosis, eventually accelerating N, N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced tumorigenesis. Interestingly, eIF4E2 isoforms with GSK3β-binding motif exclusively exist in mammals, which protect zebrafish heart against hypoxia. Together, this study reveals a mammalian eIF4E2-GSK3β pathway that prevents senescence by maintaining basal S/T-P phosphorylation of p53, which underlies hypoxia adaptation of tissues.
microRNA-27a-3p delivered by extracellular vesicles from glioblastoma cells induces M2 macrophage polarization via the EZH1/KDM3A/CTGF axis
Authors: Zhao Guifang , Yu Hongquan , Ding Lijuan , Wang Weiyao , Wang Huan , Hu Yao , Qin Lingsha , Deng Guangce , Xie Buqing , Li Guofeng , Qi Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been demonstrated to modulate tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we attempted to discuss the role of hsa-microRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a-3p) delivered by GBM-EVs in M2 macrophage polarization. The isolated GBM-EVs were co-cultured with macrophages. After co-culture under normoxia/hypoxia, the effect of EV-derived hsa-miR-27a-3p on GBM cell biological processes was analyzed. Additionally, the target genes of hsa-miR-27a-3p were predicted. Moreover, the binding of enhancer of zeste homologue 1 (EZH1) to lysine-specific demethylase 3A (KDM3A) promoter region and the interaction between KDM3A and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were analyzed. GBM mouse models were established to verify the functions of EV-derived hsa-miR-27a-3p in vivo. We found increased hsa-miR-27a-3p in GBM tissues as well as GBM-EVs, which induced M2 polarization, thus promoting proliferative, migrative and invasive potentials of GBM cells. hsa-miR-27a-3p targeted EZH1 and promoted KDM3A expression to elevate the CTGF expression. GBM-EV-delivered hsa-miR-27a-3p promoted the KDM3A-upregulated CTGF by downregulating EZH1, thereby promoting M2 macrophage polarization and development of GBM in vivo. We demonstrated that EV-derived hsa-miR-27a-3p may promote M2 macrophage polarization to induce GBM.
Ultrasound-assisted carbon ion dosimetry and range measurement using injectable polymer-shelled phase-change nanodroplets: in vitro study
Authors: Toumia Yosra , Pullia Marco , Domenici Fabio , Facoetti Angelica , Ferrarini Michele , Heymans Sophie V. , Carlier Bram , Van Den Abeele Koen , Sterpin Edmond , D’hooge Jan , D’Agostino Emiliano , Paradossi Gaio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethods allowing for in situ dosimetry and range verification are essential in radiotherapy to reduce the safety margins required to account for uncertainties introduced in the entire treatment workflow. This study suggests a non-invasive dosimetry concept for carbon ion radiotherapy based on phase-change ultrasound contrast agents. Injectable nanodroplets made of a metastable perfluorobutane (PFB) liquid core, stabilized with a crosslinked poly(vinylalcohol) shell, are vaporized at physiological temperature when exposed to carbon ion radiation (C-ions), converting them into echogenic microbubbles. Nanodroplets, embedded in tissue-mimicking phantoms, are exposed at 37 °C to a 312 MeV/u clinical C-ions beam at different doses between 0.1 and 4 Gy. The evaluation of the contrast enhancement from ultrasound imaging of the phantoms, pre- and post-irradiation, reveals a significant radiation-triggered nanodroplets vaporization occurring at the C-ions Bragg peak with sub-millimeter shift reproducibility and dose dependency. The specific response of the nanodroplets to C-ions is further confirmed by varying the phantom position, the beam range, and by performing spread-out Bragg peak irradiation. The nanodroplets’ response to C-ions is influenced by their concentration and is dose rate independent. These early findings show the ground-breaking potential of polymer-shelled PFB nanodroplets to enable in vivo carbon ion dosimetry and range verification.
A novel approach to control Botrytis cinerea fungal infections: uptake and biological activity of antifungals encapsulated in nanoparticle based vectors
Authors: De Angelis Giulia , Simonetti Giovanna , Chronopoulou Laura , Orekhova Anastasia , Badiali Camilla , Petruccelli Valerio , Portoghesi Francesca , D’Angeli Simone , Brasili Elisa , Pasqua Gabriella , Palocci Cleofe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBotrytis cinerea, responsible for grey mold diseases, is a pathogen with a broad host range, affecting many important agricultural crops, in pre and post harvesting of fruits and vegetables. Commercial fungicides used to control this pathogen are often subjected to photolysis, volatilization, degradation, leaching, and runoff during application. In this context, the use of a delivery system, based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) represents an innovative approach to develop new pesticide formulations to successfully fight B. cinerea infections. In order to study NPs uptake, B. cinerea conidia and mycelium were treated with PLGA NPs loaded with the high fluorescent probe coumarin 6 (Cu6-PLGA NPs) and analyzed under ApoTome fluorescence microscopy. The observations revealed that 50 nm Cu6-PLGA NPs penetrated into B. cinerea conidia and hyphae, as early as 10 min after administration. Pterostilbene, a natural compound, and fluopyram, a synthetic antifungal, were entrapped in PLGA NPs, added to B. cinerea conidia and mycelium, and their antifungal activity was tested. The results revealed that the compounds loaded in NPs exhibited a higher activity against B. cinerea. These results lay the foundations for the use of PLGA NPs as a new strategy in plant pest management.
Modeling of cadmium(II) removal in a fixed bed column utilizing hydrochar-derived activated carbon obtained from discarded mango peels
Authors: Rind Imran Khan , Memon Najma , Khuhawar Muhammad Yar , Soomro Waheed Ali , Lanjwani Muhammad Farooque 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCadmium is found in many underdeveloped countries' aquatic bodies. Therefore, contaminated water should be treated before consumption; henceforth, efficient and customized point-of-use filtration is foreseeable. Traditionally, carbon-based sorbents have been utilized for such treatments, but alternative sources are also being investigated. Hydrochars made from mango peels using a thermal activation process were employed as an adsorbent instead of activated carbon in this investigation. The prepared material was porous with active surface functionalities, and the interaction of cadmium with the surface was possibly ion-exchange in nature. The performance of a material for a candle water filtering system with a 2.5 cm internal diameter and a 30.48 cm column height was determined using the parameters acquired by the Thomas model. The material was found to be highly efficient at 453.5 L/min/Filter water, whereas 31670.6 L/min/Filter can be treated if the break point and exhaustion point are considered, respectively, as the candle replacement time. These findings indicate that activated hydrochar might be a suitable sorbent for removing cadmium ions from contaminated water.