bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term incidence of posterior capsular opacification in patients with non-infectious uveitis
Authors: Kitaguchi-Iwakiri Yuki , Kamoi Koju , Takase Hiroshi , Okubo Yusuke , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the long-term incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery in patients with uveitis. This retrospective study included 211 eyes of 146 patients with non-infectious uveitis who underwent cataract surgery and implantation of an Acrysof SN60WF (Surface: plasma-treated, Optic and Haptic: hydrophobic acrylic), iSert XY-1 (Surface: UV-ozone-treated, Optic and Haptic: hydrophobic acrylic), or iSert 251/255 (Surface: UV-ozone-treated, Optics: hydrophobic acrylic, Haptic: polymethyl methacrylate). The cumulative incidences of PCO and subsequent yttrium–aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy over the 5-year follow-up were analyzed, and patients who were implanted with different intraocular lenses (IOLs) were compared. Mixed-effects Cox proportional hazard models showed that, compared with the Acrysof group, the iSert XY-1 group had higher risks of PCO (adjusted HR, 7.26; 95% CI, 1.82–28.8) and Nd:YAG capsulotomy (adjusted HR, 6.50; 95% CI, 1.55–27.2). Similar results were obtained when the Acrysof group was compared with the iSert 251/255 group for PCO (adjusted HR, 8.22; 95% CI, 2.35–28.7) and Nd:YAG capsulotomy (adjusted HR, 8.26; 1.90–36.0). These data suggest that a plasma-treated surface, hydrophobic acrylic optic and hydrophobic acrylic haptic, of the IOL could enhance biocompatibility even under inflammatory conditions, thus suppressing PCO development.
Spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants based on ground observation and emission sources over 19 Chinese urban agglomerations during 2015–2019
Authors: Tao Tianhui , Shi Yishao , Gilbert Katabarwa Murenzi , Liu Xinyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe "comparative attitude" of urban agglomerations involves multidimensional perspectives such as infrastructure, ecological protection, and air pollution. Based on monitoring station data, comparative studies of multispatial, multitimescale and multiemission pollution sources of air quality on 19 urban agglomerations during the 13th Five-Year Plan period in China were explored by mathematical statistics. The comparison results are all visualized and show that clean air days gradually increased and occurred mainly in summer, especially in South and Southwest China. PM2.5, PM10 and O3 were still the main primary pollutants. PM2.5 is mainly concentrated in December, January and February, and PM10 is mainly concentrated in October–November and March–April. The O3 pollution in the Pearl River Delta and Beibu Gulf urban agglomerations located in the south is mainly concentrated from August to November, which is different from others from May to September. Second, from 2015 to 2019, the increasing rate of O3 concentration in any hour is higher than that of particulate matter (PM). Diurnal trends in O3 concentration in all directions also showed a single peak, with the largest increments that appeared between 13:00 and 16:00, while the spatial distribution of this peak was significantly regional, earlier in the east but later in the west. Third, this analysis indicated that the annual average air quality index (AQI) showed a gradually decreasing trend outward, taking the Central Plain urban agglomeration as the center. The ambient air pollutants are gradually moving southward and mainly concentrated in the Central Plains urban agglomeration from 2015 to 2019. Furthermore, in each urban agglomeration, the cumulative emission of PM2.5 is consisted of the four average emissions, which is approximately 2.5 times of that of PM10, and industries are the main sources of PM2.5, PM10 and VOCs (volatile organic compounds). VOCs and NOX increased in half of the urban agglomerations, which are the reasons for the increase in ozone pollution. The outcomes of this study will provide targeted insights on pollution prevention in urban agglomerations in the future.
A multiscale model for El Niño complexity
Authors: Chen Nan , Fang Xianghui , Yu Jin-Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits diverse characteristics in spatial pattern, peak intensity, and temporal evolution. Here we develop a three-region multiscale stochastic model to show that the observed ENSO complexity can be explained by combining intraseasonal, interannual, and decadal processes. The model starts with a deterministic three-region system for the interannual variabilities. Then two stochastic processes of the intraseasonal and decadal variation are incorporated. The model can reproduce not only the general properties of the observed ENSO events, but also the complexity in patterns (e.g., Central Pacific vs. Eastern Pacific events), intensity (e.g., 10–20 year reoccurrence of extreme El Niños), and temporal evolution (e.g., more multi-year La Niñas than multi-year El Niños). While conventional conceptual models were typically used to understand the dynamics behind the common properties of ENSO, this model offers a powerful tool to understand and predict ENSO complexity that challenges our understanding of the twenty-first century ENSO.
A pictorial account of the human embryonic heart between 3.5 and 8 weeks of development
Authors: Hikspoors Jill P. J. M. , Kruepunga Nutmethee , Mommen Greet M. C. , Köhler S. Eleonore , Anderson Robert H. , Lamers Wouter H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeart development is topographically complex and requires visualization to understand its progression. No comprehensive 3-dimensional primer of human cardiac development is currently available. We prepared detailed reconstructions of 12 hearts between 3.5 and 8 weeks post fertilization, using Amira® 3D-reconstruction and Cinema4D®-remodeling software. The models were visualized as calibrated interactive 3D-PDFs. We describe the developmental appearance and subsequent remodeling of 70 different structures incrementally, using sequential segmental analysis. Pictorial timelines of structures highlight age-dependent events, while graphs visualize growth and spiraling of the wall of the heart tube. The basic cardiac layout is established between 3.5 and 4.5 weeks. Septation at the venous pole is completed at 6 weeks. Between 5.5 and 6.5 weeks, as the outflow tract becomes incorporated in the ventricles, the spiraling course of its subaortic and subpulmonary channels is transferred to the intrapericardial arterial trunks. The remodeling of the interventricular foramen is complete at 7 weeks.
Understanding the functional role of membrane confinements in TNF-mediated signaling by multiscale simulations
Authors: Su Zhaoqian , Dhusia Kalyani , Wu Yinghao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interaction between TNFα and TNFR1 is essential in maintaining tissue development and immune responses. While TNFR1 is a cell surface receptor, TNFα exists in both soluble and membrane-bound forms. Interestingly, it was found that the activation of TNFR1-mediated signaling pathways is preferentially through the soluble form of TNFα, which can also induce the clustering of TNFR1 on plasma membrane of living cells. We developed a multiscale simulation framework to compare receptor clustering induced by soluble and membrane-bound ligands. Comparing with the freely diffusive soluble ligands, we hypothesize that the conformational dynamics of membrane-bound ligands are restricted, which affects the clustering of ligand-receptor complexes at cell-cell interfaces. Our simulation revealed that only small clusters can form if TNFα is bound on cell surface. In contrast, the clustering triggered by soluble TNFα is more dynamic, and the size of clusters is statistically larger. We therefore demonstrated the impact of membrane-bound ligand on dynamics of receptor clustering. Moreover, considering that larger TNFα-TNFR1 clusters is more likely to provide spatial platform for downstream signaling pathway, our studies offer new mechanistic insights about why the activation of TNFR1-mediated signaling pathways is not preferred by membrane-bound form of TNFα.
Avalanches in strong imbibition
Authors: Primkulov Bauyrzhan K. , Zhao Benzhong , MacMinn Christopher W. , Juanes Ruben 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSlow injection of non-wetting fluids (drainage) and strongly wetting fluids (strong imbibition) into porous media are two contrasting processes in many respects: the former must be forced into the pore space, while the latter imbibe spontaneously; the former occupy pore bodies, while the latter coat crevices and corners. These two processes also produce distinctly different displacement patterns. However, both processes evolve via a series of avalanche-like invasion events punctuated by quiescent periods. Here, we show that, despite their mechanistic differences, avalanches in strong imbibition exhibit all the features of self-organized criticality previously documented for drainage, including the correlation scaling describing the space-time statistics of invasion at the pore scale.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index and the Risk of Stroke: A Systematic
Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feng Xiao , Yao Yao , Wu Lingshan , Cheng Chang , Tang Qiaoqiao , Xu Shabei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease.
Recent research has proposed a new inexpensive and reliable indicator of IR:
triglyceride glucose index (TyG index). We aim to evaluate the dose-response
association between the TyG index and stroke through meta-analysis. Literature
published from inception until October 2021 were searched in PubMed, Embase,
Cochrane Library and Web of science. Cohort studies published in English and
focusing on the association between the TyG index and stroke were included in
our meta-analysis. I2 statistic and Chi-square were used to assess
the heterogeneity. When I2≥30% or p≤0.10, the
random-effect model was used to pool the effect; otherwise, we chose the
fixed-effect model. Eleven cohort studies, including 5 721 077 subjects and 95
490 stroke patients, were included in our study. After pooling the effect
adjusted by multiple confounders, we found that compared with the lowest
baseline TyG index group, the highest one was independently associated with
increased stroke risk (RR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.29;
I2=6%). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that the
association between the two variables had a non-linear trend
(p-nonlinearity<0.0001; p-heterogeneity=0.28). Subgroup analysis
showed that the risk of ischemic stroke was positively correlated with TyG index
(RR: 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.62; I2=15%),
while we did not observe this correlation in hemorrhagic stroke patients. In
patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, the TyG index was
linearly correlated with incident strokes. In conclusion, elevated TyG index is
the independent risk factor for incident strokes (especially ischemic
stroke).
Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Its Postoperative Regression among Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Resection in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Kalim Zikrullah , Siddiqui Obaid Ahmed , Nadeem Abu , Hasan Muazzam , Rashid Hassan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction Bedside measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ultrasonography (USG) is a useful method for detecting raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The primary and main objective of this study is to estimate ONSD among patients with brain tumor and its regression post tumor resection to assess the correlation as well as diagnostic accuracy of the same.

Materials and Methods This prospective observational study was performed in a tertiary health care center over a span of 3 months on 68 adults of either sex, out of which 30 were nonneurosurgical patients, taken as control group. Rest 38 were neurosurgical patients posted for brain tumor resection. Normal ONSD in our population was determined by calculating average ONSD using transorbital USG in individuals of control group. ONSD in neurosurgical patients taken as case group was recorded before surgery, intraoperatively immediately post tumor resection, as well as 12 and 24 hours post surgery. These values were analyzed to see the correlation of ONSD with tumor resection.

Results The mean (±standard deviation) binocular ONSD in our population was 4.28 ± 0.28 mm. The mean preoperative binocular ONSD in cases using transorbital USG came out to be 5.43 ± 0.37 mm with 88.23% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Postoperatively, transorbital ONSD showed significant regression at 12 and 24 hours as compared with preoperative values (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion Transorbital ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD could be considered as an indirect indicator of ICP in neurosurgical patients perioperatively. The technique is quick to perform at bedside, feasible in critical patients, and without any harmful effects.
Developing a Screening Tool for Mental Health Professionals for Measuring Intimate Partner Violence among Women with Mental Illness at Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Janardhana Navaneetham 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the major public health issue seen in all cultures. Mental health professionals play a significant role in screening IPV and providing needed care and support to the survivors. There is a dearth of scale to measure comprehensively different dimensions of violence. The study aimed to develop a screening tool for measuring IPV among women with mental illness (WwMI) in India.

Methods The newly developed IPV scale was administered to 200 WwMI at a tertiary care hospital.

Results The factor analysis revealed four factors constituted 67.15% of the variance. The internal consistency Cronbach's α (0.92) and split-half reliability coefficient value (0.80) for the final 31-item IPV scale were found to be highly adequate and reliable.

Conclusion Psychometric properties of scale found to be an effective tool for screening IPV among WwMI by mental health professionals and planning effective intervention strategies to prevent the IPV.
Validation and Diagnostic Accuracy of Hindi Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS-H) Screening Tool
Authors: Sharma Agrata , Singh Ruchi , Rai Nirendra Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a prevalent and treatable entity, has high impact on quality of life, requiring a better screening tool for its early detection. Thus, present study aimed to derive a Hindi RLS (RLS-H) screening tool for its use in Indian population.

Materials and Methods RLS-H screening tool, derived by translating first four criteria of 2012 revised International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria in Hindi and was validated in 50 RLS and 50 non-RLS patients. This validated RLS-H tool was used to screen 1,066 patients attending neurology clinic for assessing its diagnostic accuracy. Internal consistency, discriminatory validity, and various diagnostic yields were calculated. IRLSSG was used as gold standard for final diagnosis of RLS.

Results RLS-H screening tool had an internal consistency of 0.910. No correlation was found between RLS-H screening tool and Epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, or International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale indicating satisfactory discriminant validity. Prevalence of RLS was 13.6%. The question (Q)1 had highest sensitivity (97.9%) and Q4 had highest specificity (92.66%). Thus, its combinations (Q1 + Q4) along with addition of Q2 or Q3 were compared for best combination of diagnostic accuracy. A minimum cutoff value of RLS-H screening tool was 2.5 for considering patients requiring detailed RLS evaluation.

Conclusion RLS-H screening tool can be used as a screening tool for early detection of RLS among susceptible patients. Patients answering “yes” to more than two questions (cutoff = 2.5) or “yes” to Q1 and Q4 should be interviewed and assessed for RLS.
Rate of Posterior Capsule Rupture in Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery by Residents with Institution of a Wet Laboratory Course
Authors: Jeang Lauren J. , Liechty Jacob J. , Powell Asyvia , Schwartz Christopher , DiSclafani Mark , Drucker Mitchell D. , McDowell William M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose To determine if a structured surgical wet laboratory curriculum for ophthalmology residents reduced the rate of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
Setting James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL.
Design Retrospective cohort study.
Methods The study assessed resident-performed phacoemulsification cataract cases from 2011 to 2017, after the creation of a wet laboratory course. Primary outcome measure was PCR. If present, timing of complication, dropped lens fragments, and the need for anterior vitrectomies were noted. Self-reported rates of PCR prior to institution of a wet laboratory course (2010–2011) were compared with cases done by residents who completed the course (2011–2017).
Results A total of 3,445 cases were reviewed of which 2.44% (84 cases) noted PCR. Of these, 19% (16) had dropped lens fragments, and 60.7% (51) required anterior vitrectomy. Sixty-nine cases documented timing of PCR with the majority, 58%, occurring during phacoemulsification. When comparing rates of PCR in cases done prior to the presence of a wet laboratory course versus after, there was a significant reduction observed (5.20% before vs. 2.44% after).
Conclusion In the presence of a wet laboratory curriculum, the rate of PCR decreased dramatically. The average rate was lower than those reported at other training programs (2.6–9.9%). Most PCR occurred during phacoemulsification, suggesting need for further focused instruction in this step.
Computed Tomographic Features of Non-Lame French Bulldog Elbows
Authors: Mella Stephanie , Dirrig Helen , Meeson Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective French Bulldogs are predisposed to humeral condylar fractures. Computed tomography (CT) in English Springer Spaniel elbows has allowed identification of humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF), which can cause lameness and predispose to condylar fractures. This study aimed to evaluate CT characteristics of non-lame French Bulldog elbows, to determine the presence of underlying elbow disease.Study Design Retrospective evaluation of CT images from elbows of non-lame French Bulldogs from scans obtained for soft tissue or neurological evaluation was performed. Images were evaluated for the presence of HIF and other elbow abnormalities: condylar and supracondylar remodelling, humeral condylar sclerosis, elbow incongruency, medial coronoid process disease and elbow osteoarthritis. Descriptive statistics were performed.Results Computed tomographic scans from 37 dogs (74 elbows) were reviewed. No HIF were identified, although 28/74 elbows had an intracondylar sclerotic band. Medial coronoid process disease was noted in 16/74 elbows, and small osteophytes were present in 21/74 elbows, suggesting a degree of subclinical elbow disease. Widening of the caudolateral aspect of the radial incisure was identified (37/74) as a breed normal. Elbow incongruency was otherwise rare.Conclusion Non-lame French Bulldogs showed a low prevalence of occult elbow disease but a proportion had radial incisure widening. Although humeral intracondylar sclerosis was present in over a third of dogs, no HIF were identified and therefore no clear cause for their increased risk of humeral condylar fracture was identified.
Identification of a Decedent in a 103-Year-Old Homicide Case Using Forensic Anthropology and Genetic Genealogy
Authors: Michael Amy R. , Blatt Samantha H. , Isa Mariyam , Redgrave Anthony , Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anthropologists are often the custodians of long-term unidentified human remains though their positions as curators of university or museum skeletal collections. Various factors decrease the solvability of these legacy cases including the passage of time, the loss of provenience for specific cases, and lack of documentation or case records. While anthropologists can contribute important information toward identification, it is often necessary to explore novel and cross-disciplinary strategies to resolve difficult cold cases.
In long cold cases, the postmortem interval, in particular, may be difficult to estimate leading to further challenges in achieving identification. Modern advances in radiocarbon bomb pulse dating, isotope analysis, and actualistic studies have contributed to positive identification of unidentified human remains in some legacy cases, but may not be available to all forensic practitioners and law enforcement from resource-poor agencies. Pooling resources, as well as collaborating with professionals outside of forensic anthropology, is a useful strategy to pursue when anthropological methods are exhausted.The case study presented here demonstrates a collaborative approach between forensic anthropologists, forensic genetic genealogists, and law enforcement in a century-old homicide. The dismembered and mummified parts of a male body were recovered in a remote cave in 1979 and again in 1991. Despite forensic anthropologists creating and updating the biological profile over the decades from recovery to present, no identification was made until the application of forensic genetic genealogy (FGG) to the case in 2019. New interpretations of bone microstructure and trauma analysis are presented for the case, alongside the historical documentation and “proof of life” evidence used by the genealogy team. A review of the FGG methods underscores the challenges in this case (e.g. significant endogamy, multiple aliases used by the victim) and the steps taken toward resolution. Ultimately, a combined anthropology and genealogy approach resulted in a confirmed identity for a man who was murdered in 1916. Key PointsForensic scientists should leverage a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach toward human identification.When combined with forensic anthropology methods, forensic genetic genealogy is a valuable tool linking biological and cultural-historical aspects of identity.Forensic anthropologists should review challenging cases in their labs as new methods are introduced and new resources become available.
Investigating microwave absorption properties of cnf-ferric oxide nanocomposite
Authors: M Namratha , Mouli Bhaskar D , Nisha M. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microwave absorbing materials plays a crucial role in reducing pollution created due to the electromagnetic radiation and several defence applications. This paper reports about the microwave absorption property of combined form of Carbon Nano fibres (CNF) and Ferric Oxide Nano powder (Fe2O3). Ferric Oxide Nano powder is deposited on the fibres of CNF using hydrothermal autoclave method. The samples of CNF- Ferric Oxide Nano powder with different weight percentages is fabricated and the microstructure and microwave absorbing properties are studied. By varying the amount of CNF and Ferric Oxide Nano powder the microwave absorbing and electromagnetic properties are modulated. For investigating the synergistic effects between CNF and ferric powders, different mass ratios of CNF to ferric oxide Nano powder have been synthesized and helped in enhancement of the effect between the magnetic loss and dielectric loss to achieve high microwave absorption. These results might be inspiration for the future to create microwave absorbing materials which are light weight.