bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining attitude for studying explicit and indirect evaluations of human behaviour
Authors: Vilar Lluch Sara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article considers the application of the Attitude framework (Martin &
White 2005) to study the evaluation of human behaviour. The distinction between inscribed (explicit) and invoked
(indirect) attitude is re-examined and systematised to better operationalise the analysis of the evaluation of behaviour. General
linguistic evaluation triggers are identified for inscribed and invoked evaluations, and the annotation scheme is applied in a
corpus of texts from different registers (a psychiatric manual, educational guidelines and informal online exchanges) concerned
with ADHD. Indirect evaluations of behaviour are described as attitudinal inferences derived from (i) the behaviours of the
individuals, (ii) the behavioural outcomes, (iii) the impact that the behaviour or its outcomes have on third parties and the
actions that the latter may perform as a result. It is proposed that indirect evaluations of people’s behaviour are metonymically
inferred through an effect→cause relation drawn across the different parts of an action scenario. The conceptual metonymy
explains the directionality observed in attitude analyses (Appreciation attitude type may stand as tokens of Judgment), and it
shows the impossibility of evaluating performances without indirectly appraising the human behaver.
Blood and breath alcohol concentration from transdermal alcohol biosensor data: estimation and uncertainty quantification via forward and inverse filtering for a covariate-dependent, physics-informed, hidden Markov model*
Authors: Oszkinat Clemens , Shao Tianlan , Wang Chunming , Rosen I G , Rosen Allison D , Saldich Emily B , Luczak Susan E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transdermal alcohol biosensors that do not require active participation of the subject and yield near continuous measurements have the potential to significantly enhance the data collection abilities of alcohol researchers and clinicians who currently rely exclusively on breathalyzers and drinking diaries. Making these devices accessible and practical requires that transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) be accurately and consistently transformable into the well-accepted measures of intoxication, blood alcohol concentration/breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). A novel approach to estimating BrAC from TAC based on covariate-dependent physics-informed hidden Markov models (HMMs) with two emissions is developed. The hidden Markov chain serves as a forward full-body alcohol model with BrAC and TAC, the two emissions, assumed to be described by a bivariate normal which depends on the hidden Markovian states and person-level and session-level covariates via built-in regression models. An innovative extension of hidden Markov modeling is developed wherein the HMM framework is regularized by a first-principles PDE model to yield a hybrid that combines prior knowledge of the physics of transdermal ethanol transport with data-based learning. Training, or inverse filtering, is effected via the Baum–Welch algorithm and 256 sets of BrAC and TAC signals and covariate measurements collected in the laboratory. Forward filtering of TAC to obtain estimated BrAC is achieved via a new physics-informed regularized Viterbi algorithm which determines the most likely path through the hidden Markov chain using TAC alone. The Markovian states are decoded and used to yield estimates of BrAC and to quantify the uncertainty in the estimates. Numerical studies are presented and discussed. Overall good agreement between BrAC data and estimates was observed with a median relative peak error of 22% and a median relative area under the curve error of 25% on the test set. We also demonstrate that the physics-informed Viterbi algorithm eliminates non-physical artifacts in the BrAC estimates.
Regularization of ill-posed problems involving constant-coefficient pseudo-differential operators
Authors: Karimi Milad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the wavelet regularization for ill-posed problems involving linear constant-coefficient pseudo-differential operators. We concentrate on solving ill-posed equations involving these operators, which are behaving badly in theory and practice. Since a wide range of ill-posed and inverse problems in mathematical physics can be described and rewritten by the language of these operators, it has gathered significant attention in the literature. Based on a general framework, we classify ill-posed problems in terms of their degree of ill-posedness into mildly, moderately, and severely ill-posed problems in a certain Sobolev scale. Using wavelet multi-resolution approximations, it is shown that wavelet regularizers can achieve order-optimal rates of convergence for pseudo-differential operators in special Sobolev space both for the a priori and the a posteriori choice rules. Our strategy, however, turns out that both schemes yield comparable convergence rates. In this setting, ultimately, we provided some prototype examples for which our theoretical results correctly predict improved rates of convergence.
Analysis and modelling of momentum transport based on NBI modulation experiments at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Zimmermann C F B , McDermott R M , Fable E , Angioni C , Duval B P , Dux R , Salmi A , Stroth U , Tala T , Tardini G , Pütterich T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The prediction of plasma rotation is of high interest for fusion research due to the effects of the rotation upon magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, impurities, and turbulent transport in general. In this work, an analysis method was studied and validated to reliably extract momentum transport coefficients from neutral beam injection (NBI) modulation experiments. To this end, a set of discharges was created with similar background profiles for the ion and electron temperatures, the heat fluxes, the electron density, and the plasma rotation that, therefore, should exhibit similar momentum transport coefficients. In these discharges, a range of temporal perturbations were imposed by modulating and varying the power deposition of the NBI, electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH), and ion-cyclotron-resonance heating (ICRH). The transport model including diffusion, convection, and residual stress was implemented within the ASTRA code. The Prandtl number

P
r
=

χ
φ

/

χ
i

was assessed via the GKW code. A convective Coriolis pinch was fitted and the intrinsic torque from the residual stress was estimated. The obtained transport coefficients agree within error bars for sufficiently small imposed temperature perturbations, as would be expected, from the similar background profiles. This successful validation of the methodology opens the door to study the parametric dependence of the diffusive and convective momentum transport of the main ions of the plasma as well as the turbulent intrinsic torque in a future work.
Mechanochemical characteristics and influence mechanisms of a biomass hydrogel artificial muscle based on different parameters of the sodium alginate adjustment
Authors: Yang Junjie , Wang Siyong , Yao Jintong , Yang Xiongfei , Yu Tao , Wei Kang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Biomass hydrogel artificial muscle (BHAM) is a kind of ionic electroactive polymers, such as ionic polymer gels of good biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness under electric field, which is largely used in the fields of soft robots and electric actuators. In this paper, based on the freeze-drying process, effect and influence mechanisms of sodium alginate (SA) parameters adjustment on the BHAM mechanochemical characteristics were researched extensively, which was verified by a set of perfect characteristic evaluation and experimental test methods, such as the porosity P (v%), water retention rate W
r (w%), mechanochemical property testing and scanning electron microscope shots. The results showed that when the concentration of SA was 20 g l−1, the actuating film of BHAM had suitable thickness and stomata in macroscopic appearance, and its micro pore distribution and size were uniform with the thin pore wall, which resulted in the highest porosity (i.e. ion channel) of 73.5 v%, the largest water retention rate of 76.2 w% and the optimum tensile strength of 0.38 MPa. Furthermore, calcium chloride (CaCl2) was adopted as a cross-linking agent to react with the SA to form calcium alginate (CA) by different CaCl2 cross-linking ratios, that was to modify the three-dimensional microstructure of the BHAM to improve its mechanical properties with the best deflection displacement of 23.9 mm and bending strain of 3.45% under the ideal CaCl2 cross-linking ratio of 1%. Besides, the diffraction of x-rays analysis and thermal decomposition experiments of the BHAM were performed, which was demonstrated that the thermal stability of the CA-based BHAM was higher than that of the SA-based BHAM.
Electromagnetic characteristic analysis of a REBCO magnet with a current bypass/distribution winding technique under an asynchronous rotating magnetic field
Authors: Chae Yoon Seok , Kim Ji Hyung , Quach Huu Luong , Yoon Yong Soo , Kim Ho Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Generally, high-temperature superconducting rotating machines (HTSRMs) are considered synchronous machines. If the output of the HTSRM fluctuates based on frequent changes in the electrical or mechanical loads, there is the concern that an asynchronous rotating magnetic field (RMF) is applied from the stationary copper armature winding to the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) field winding in the rotary. This may act as a magnetic disturbance to the HTS field magnet, resulting in permanent damage. To enhance the reliability of HTS magnets in wind power and electric propulsion applications, winding methods with current bypass/distribution characteristics, such as no-insulation (NI) and metal-insulation (MI), have attracted scholarly attention because of their high thermal and electrical stabilities, resulting in their self-stabilizing and protective performances. To verify the feasibility of the NI and MI winding techniques for wind power generators, the basic characteristics under a time-varying magnetic field must be studied, contrary to HTS magnet applications under a time-static magnetic field. Therefore, the electromagnetic characteristics of rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) magnets applied with NI and MI winding technologies were compared and analyzed in this study, considering the magnetically transient situations in which an asynchronous RMF is applied to REBCO magnets. In addition, we developed a characteristic evaluation device similar to a synchronous rotating machine to generate the unsynchronized RMF. Moreover, various basic tests were performed to target the small racetrack-type field windings. The critical current, n-value, terminal voltage, and center magnetic field are investigated under various values of the frequency and current amplitude of the three-phase armature winding, and their behaviors are discussed in detail based on the characteristic resistances of the two test magnets.
Experimental and first-principles studies of superconductivity in topological nodal line semimetal SnTaS2
Authors: Ash Soumen , Naskar Moumita , P N Ravi Shankar , Jena Nityasagar , Sundaresan A , Ganguli Ashok Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report a detailed study of superconductivity in polycrystalline SnTaS2 using electrical transport, magnetization and heat capacity measurements. SnTaS2 crystallizes in centrosymmetric hexagonal structure with space group

P

6
3

/

m
m
c

. Electrical resistivity, magnetization and specific heat data suggest SnTaS2 to be a weakly coupled, type-II superconductor with

T
c

≈
2.8

K. First-principles calculations show signature for nodal line topology in the electronic band structure, protected by the spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, that strongly gapped out by the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling. Superconductivity in layered SnTaS2 with nodal line topological state makes it a strong candidate to be considered for a 3D topological superconductor.
Multifrequency Bessel beams with adjustable group velocity and longitudinal acceleration in free space
Authors: Hildén P , Ilina E , Kaivola M , Shevchenko A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The group velocity of an optical beam in free space is usually considered to be equal to the speed of light in vacuum. However, it has been recently realized that, by structuring the beam’s angular and temporal spectra, one can achieve well pronounced and controlled subluminal and superluminal propagation. In this work, we consider multifrequency Bessel beams that are known to propagate without divergence and show a variety of possibilities to adjust the group velocity of the beam by means of designed angular dispersion. We present several examples of multifrequency Bessel beams with negative and arbitrary positive group velocities, as well as longitudinally accelerating beams and beams with periodically oscillating local group velocities. The results of these studies can be of interest to scientists working in the fields of optical beam engineering, light amplitude and intensity interferometry, ultrafast optics, and optical tweezers.
Entropy variation of rotating BTZ black hole under Hawking radiation
Authors: Ali Shad , Arshad Kamran Muhammad , Ullah Khan Misbah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An axially symmetric rotating Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole is considered for comprehending its interior information. The largest space-like hyper-surface is chosen to estimate its maximal interior volume as a time-dependent quantity. Similarly, the quantum mode entropy of the scalar field associated with this volume is found to increase with Eddington time. An evolution relation between the variation of quantum mode entropy and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is obtained for an infinitesimal time interval. On comparing to higher-dimensional black holes, the characteristic feature of this evolution relation is its divergent character.
Viscous generalised Chaplygin gas under the purview of f(T) gravity and the model assessment through probabilistic information theory
Authors: Saha Sanghati , Chattopadhyay Surajit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work we have reported a study on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) in the presence of bulk viscosity. Reconstruction schemes have been demonstrated in Einstein and modified f(T) gravity framework 4(T is the torsion scalar) in interacting scenario and under the purview of viscous cosmological settings. Non-viscous cases have also been taken into account. The equation of state (EoS) parameter has been studied under the various circumstances and the stability of the models has been judged through the sign of squared speed of sound. The GCG interacting with pressure-less dark matter has been found to be behaving like quintom in presence of bulk viscosity and in non-viscous case a quintessence like behaviour has been reported. Finally, the reconstructed GCG comes out to be stable against small perturbations irrespective of the presence of bulk viscosity. Finally, the reconstruction scheme has been assessed using statistical analysis, Shannon entropy and Gaussian Mixture Model.
First-principles study of ferromagnetic, optical, and transport properties of double Perovskites Z2FeTiO6 (Z = Mg, Zn)
Authors: Ghrib Taher , Flemban Tahani H , Alshahrani Thamraa , Bouzgarrou S , Ercan Filiz , Mera Abeer , Somaily H H , Mahmood Q 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spintronics is an emerging technology in which electron spin carries information along with its charge. The current article reveals the ferromagnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Z2FeTiO6 (Z = Mg, Zn) predicted using the first-principles calculations. Heisenberg’s classical model and polarization density calculations ensure ferromagnetism above room temperature and 100% spin polarization. Besides, the nature of ferromagnetism has been addressed by s-d and p-d exchange splitting, double exchange model, exchange energies, crystal field energy, and exchange constants. Furthermore, the optical properties are elaborated by dielectric constant, refractive index, and absorption in which intra-band transitions are incorporated. Finally, the thermal transports of the materials are investigated in terms of electrical and thermal conductivities, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor.
Study of the 13C(3He, α)12C reaction at energies of 50 and 60 MeV
Authors: Nassurlla Maulen , Burtebayev N , Karakozov B K , Sakuta S B , Janseitov D , Nassurlla Marzhan , Alimov D , Burtebayeva J , Sabidolda A , Kemper K W , Khojayev R , Hamada Sh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cross sections for the 13C(3He, α)12C reaction were measured for 12C states up to excitation energies of about 20 MeV for 3He energies of 50 and 60 MeV. An analysis of the measured angular distributions was carried out using the Coupled Channels Born Approximation method under the assumption of a direct one-step mechanism of picking up a neutron from the 13C nucleus. In these calculations, the real parts of the implemented potentials were constructed within the framework of the double folding model. This analysis made it possible to extract the values of the spectroscopic factors for the 13C
g.s.
→ 12C
g.s.
(12C*) + n configurations, which were found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions.
The eye of the storm: a regular Kerr black hole
Authors: Simpson Alex , Visser Matt 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We analyse in some detail a highly tractable non-singular
modification of the Kerr geometry, dubbed the “eye of the storm”
— a rotating regular black hole with an asymptotically Minkowski
core. This is achieved by “exponentially suppressing” the mass
parameter in the Kerr spacetime: m → m e-ℓ/r
. The
single suppression parameter ℓ quantifies the deviation from
the usual Kerr spacetime. Some of the classical energy conditions
are globally satisfied, whilst certain choices for ℓ force any
energy-condition-violating physics into the deep core. The geometry
possesses the full “Killing tower” of principal tensor,
Killing-Yano tensor, and nontrivial Killing tensor, with associated
Carter constant; hence the Hamilton-Jacobi equations are separable,
and the geodesics integrable. Both the Klein-Gordon equation and
Maxwell's equations are also separable on this candidate
spacetime. The tightly controlled deviation from Kerr renders the
physics extraordinarily tractable when compared with analogous
candidates in the literature. This spacetime will be amenable to
straightforward extraction of astrophysical observables falsifiable/
verifiable by the experimental community.
Dynamic behavior of the quantum correlations of two cavity fields in the double Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Liu Yu-Jie , Wang Jing-Jing , Zheng Li , Shi Ying , Xiong Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The influence of the atom’s spatial degrees of freedom and the purity of the initial state on the dynamics of Bell non-locality, entanglement, geometric measure of quantum discord (GMQD) and quantum discord in a double Jaynes–Cummings model are investigated. We study the above four quantum correlations for an initial Werner-like state between the electronic states of the two atoms and between the two cavities respectively and find that all these quantum correlations are sensitive to the wave packet width and the purity of the initial state. For Bell non-locality, we find the phenomenon of sudden death and sudden birth, whereas the other three quantum correlations decay to zero asymptotically. We find that both the wave packet width and the purity of the initial state affect the GMQD and quantum discord in a similar way and we also notice that GMQD and quantum discord always exist, except where the purity of the initial state is zero, while Bell non-locality and entanglement can occur only when the purity meets certain conditions.
High harmonics generation in gases near the gratings: towards the spectrum enhancement and enrichment
Authors: Andreev Anatoli V , Konovko Andrey A , Stremoukhov Sergey Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The problem of harmonic generation efficiency (as an example of non-linear optical phenomena) increasing by atomic media near the surface of a one-dimensional metal diffraction grating under conditions of plasmon resonance excitation is considered. The local field enhancement factor dependences on diffraction grating profile are studied. Spatial distribution of the femtosecond pulse electric field strength over the grating surface under conditions of plasmon resonance excitation is simulated. Generated harmonic efficiency enhancement and photoemission spectra enrichment (due to laser field strength amplification near the grating) are discussed.
Toward holistic understanding of the ITER-like resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) ELM control on KSTAR
Authors: In Yongkyoon , Lee H.H. , Park G.Y. , Jeon Y.M. , Kim M. , Kim K. , Park J.-K. , Yang S.M. , Loarte A. , Liu Y.Q. , Park H. , the 3D Physics Task Force in KSTAR  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
KSTAR has clarified a set of unresolved 3D physics issues utilizing the ITER-like in-vessel, three-row, resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) configurations. Since RMP-driven, edge-localized-modes (ELMs)-crash control elevates the divertor heat flux peak through its impact on edge plasma parameters and transport, a series of intentionally misaligned RMP configurations (IMCs) have been explored to investigate the relationship between RMP ELM control and divertor heat fluxes, while searching for an ideal IMC that could be favorable in both aspects. First of all, the contrasting influence of kink vs anti-kink phasing on the ELM-crash suppression has been articulated, demonstrating the synergistic benefit of ‘kink’ phasing on ELM-crash-suppression. On the other hand, the three-row IMC in the anti-kink phasing becomes more insensitive to the ELM-crashes at the sub-marginal level of RMP, consistent with theory. Meanwhile, the divertor ‘wetted’ area of ELM-crash-suppression gets narrower than that of ELM-crash-mitigation, suggesting that ELM-crash-mitigation remains advantageous over ELM-crash-suppression in terms of time-averaged divertor thermal loading. In comparison, based on a set of two-row IMCs, no evidence of divertor heat flux broadening was found during ELM-crash-suppression, supporting a hypothesis that the dispersal of the divertor heat flux in three-row IMCs cannot be driven by helically structured two-row RMPs alone. Among ITER-like three-rows, lower two-row RMPs have been found to be much more effective in suppressing the ELM-crashes than upper two-row RMPs. Although it is quite preliminary, the up/down asymmetric dependence of RMP coupling may be generically attributed to lower-single-null plasmas. Such a holistic understanding of RMP-driven, ELM-crash-control in KSTAR is expected not only to elucidate various subtle points in the vicinity of ELM-crash-suppression, but also to clarify the relevant divertor thermal loading issues for ITER and beyond.
Efficiency of tractor track scarifiers used for sowing grain crops
Authors: Hafizov C A , Khafizov R N , Nurmiev A A , Yarovoy M N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper explores the efficiency of tractor track scarifiers that, once mounted, are constantly used with tractors for performing various technological operations, including layout of seedbed and sowing. The efficiency of tractor track scarifiers is calculated using a mathematical model of agricultural implements. A performance indicator is total energy consumption that include the energy of the crop lost due to soil compaction by tractor wheels. The computational experiments show the efficiency of tractor track scarifiers for sowing. A power effect for a sowing machine used with a John Deere-9430 tractor is in the range of 8000-10000 MJ/ha.