bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATG5 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating translation and cell cycle
Authors: Liu Huijuan , Zhang Hui , Fan Haidong , Tang Su , Weng Junquan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the maxillofacial area. Carcinogenesis might be fueled by abnormal activation of the central cell-cycle machinery and dysregulation of protein production. ARGs (autophagy-related genes) are involved in the cell cycle and translation. In HNSCC, however, the involvement of ARGs during the cell cycle and translation has yet to be discovered. In this study, we focused on the ARG hallmark's prognosis in HNSCC patients. According to the TCGA data, ATG5 was shown to be an adverse prognostic marker. ATG5 is one of the most significant autophagy regulators. Regardless of tumor stage, grade, or clinical characteristics, HNSCC patients with high ATG5 expression had a poorer survival rate. ATG5 knockdown suppressed the malignant features of HNSCC cell lines. The mechanism study demonstrated ATG5 knockdown could prevent the malignant phenotype of HNSCC by reversing the cell cycle and translation. One of the systems influencing cell cycle control in ATG5-dependent ways might include HDAC2, TTK, and CDK1. MRPL18, MRPL13, and MRPS14 might all be implicated in ATG5-dependent translation regulation. In conclusion, the current research suggests that ATG5 is a key player in cell cycle and translation regulation, as well as poor prognosis in HNSCC.
A Multivalent Vaccine for Preventing Piglet Diarrhea A New Multivalent Vaccine Candidate Targeting Fimbriae and Enterotoxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli for Preventing Newborn Piglet Diarrhea
Authors: Xu ChongLi , She Yuhan , Fu Fengyang , Shi Qinhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to develop the K88ac-3STa-LT2 trivalent genetically engineered inactivated vaccine, the recombinant strain BL21(DE3)(pXK88ac3STaLT2) was constructed. ELISA test showed that the K88ac-3STa-LT2 fusion protein could be recognized by STa monoclonal antibody, LT2 and K88ac antibody. The test of intragastric administration in the suckling mouse confirmed that the expressed fusion protein had lost the toxicity of the natural STa enterotoxin. The results of immune experiments showed that K88ac-3STa-LT2 fusion protein could induce rabbits to produce serum antibodies, which had the effect of neutralizing the toxicity of natural STa enterotoxin. Efficacy test of the K88ac-3STa-LT2 genetically engineered inactivated vaccine showed that the immune protection rate of the newborn piglets could reach 85% on the 1st day after suckling. At the same time, it was determined that the minimum immunization doses for mice and pregnant sows were 0.2 mL and 2.5mL respectively. This study provided scientific parameters for the industrialized production of the vaccine and showed that the K88ac-3STa-LT2 trivalent genetically engineered inactivated vaccine had a broad immune spectrum for E. coli diarrhea in newborn piglets. Through this research, a new genetic engineering vaccine candidate strain was provided for more effective prevention of E. coli diarrhea in piglets.
Spatio-temporal trend analysis and future projections of precipitation at regional scale: a case study of Haryana, India
Authors: Chauhan Abhilash Singh , Singh Surender , Maurya Rajesh Kumar Singh , Rani Alka , Danodia Abhishek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal distribution and performance of seasonal precipitation in all districts of Haryana, India. We analysed the gridded precipitation dataset of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for a period of 120 years (1901–2020) using different statistical methods. We found that Haryana received a mean precipitation of 37.0, 37.7, 468.3, and 24.8 mm during the winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. During each season, the eastern districts of Haryana received more precipitation than its western counterparts. Sen's slope results obtained after trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) showed a statistically significant increasing trend of 0.12 mm (p-value; 0.04) during the pre-monsoon period, whereas decreasing but non-significant trends were observed during the winter, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at the rate of −0.04 mm (p-value; 0.49), −0.26 mm (p-value; 0.52), −0.05 mm (p-value; 0.33) per year, respectively, for the entire Haryana state. The winter precipitation is expected to increase under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario, whereas pre-monsoon precipitation is expected to decrease under the RCP8.5 scenario by the end of the 21st century. The monsoon precipitation is expected to decrease under all RCP scenarios, whereas post-monsoon precipitation is expected to gradually increase under the RCP8.5 scenario by the end of the 21st century.
Aptamer-based Advances in Skin Cancer Research
Authors: Piasek Adrianna Maria , Musolf Paulina , Sobiepanek Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Cancer diseases have been one of the biggest health threats for the last two
decades. Approximately 9% of all diagnosed cancers are skin cancers, including melanoma
and non-melanoma. In all cancer cases, early diagnosis is essential to achieve efficient
treatment. New solutions and advanced techniques for rapid diagnosis are constantly being
sought. Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA synthetic sequences or peptides,
which offer novel possibilities to this area of research by specifically binding selected
molecules, the so-called cancer biomarkers. Nowadays, they are widely used as diagnostic
probes in imaging and targeted therapy. In this review, we have summarized the recently
made advances in diagnostics and treatment of skin cancers, which have been achieved by
combining aptamers with basic or modern technologies.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Compared with Vitamin K Antagonists for Left Ventricular
Thrombus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Shu , Zhu Bao-Zhen , Yang Fan , Wang Zhe , Xiang Qian , Gong Yan-Jun 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the guideline-recommended therapy for some
hypercoagulable diseases but are used off-label for left ventricular thrombus (LVT) owing to a paucity of evidence.
We performed a meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of DOACs compared with vitamin K antagonists
(VKAs) for LVT treatment.

Methods:
We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases
for studies that compared DOACs with VKAs for LVT treatment. Outcome indicators included stroke or systemic
embolism (SSE), thrombus resolution, bleeding, and death. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to
evaluate the quality of included studies. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3, and the meta-analysis
is registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42020211376).

Results:
We included 12 observational studies (n = 2262 patients). SSE was similar for DOACs and VKAs
groups (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-1.54, P = 0.95). For thrombus resolution,
DOACs were not significantly different to VKAs (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.54-2.45, P = 0.71). DOACs and VKAs
had a similar bleeding risk (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.45-1.35, P = 0.37). DOACs and VKAs groups had a comparable
mortality (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.50-1.65, P = 0.76). Subgroup analysis showed that post-acute myocardial
infarction (AMI) patients using DOACs had a lower risk of SSE (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.87, P = 0.03) and
bleeding (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.81, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
DOACs and VKAs showed no difference in the safety and efficacy of patients with LVT. DOACs
might be superior to VKAs for LVT treatment in post-AMI patients.

Registration No:
A review protocol (number: CRD 42020211376) was registered in the PROSPERO International
prospective register of systematic reviews.
Effects of Long Noncoding RNA AK093407 on the Biological Behavior of
Colon Cancer Cells and the Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Xuerong Zhao , Ao Sun , Jianping Wang , Xin Zheng , Duoduo Tian , Mingjuan Wang , Lijun Xiao , Enhong Zhao , Cui Zheng-Guo 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The incidence of colorectal cancer is steadily increasing, and the detection
of related molecular targets is critical for its diagnosis and treatment. Long noncoding RNA
(lncRNA) can play a regulatory role before and after genome transcription, and epigenetic regulation
is involved in the process of tumorigenesis and tumor development.

Method:
In this study, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of AK093407 in colon
cancer and colon para-carcinoma tissues and HCT-15 and HCT-116 cells. SiRNA was transfected
into HCT-15 and HCT-116 cells to knock down lncRNA-AK093407. Then, MTT assay was used
to test cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to test apoptosis and cell cycle. The protein
expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, bax, bcl-2, cyclin-A1, cyclin-B1, cyclin-D1, cyclin-
E1, p21, p27, and p-Stat3 was determined by Western blot.

Results:
The results showed that the expression of AK093407 in human colon cancer tissue was
higher than in para-carcinoma tissue. The amount of AK093407 in HCT-15 and HCT-116 cells was
higher than that in normal colorectal epithelial NM460 cells. When AK093407 was silenced, the proliferation
of HCT-15 and HCT-116 cells decreased, the apoptosis rate increased, the cell cycle was
arrested in the G1/S phase, the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, bax, cyclin-A1, cyclin-
B1, p21, p27 increased, and the expression of bcl-2, cyclin-D1, cyclin-E1, p-Stat3 decreased.

Conclusion:
These results showed that knockdown of AK093407 could inhibit colon cancer cell
proliferation, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, influence the expression of vital factors in mitochondrial
apoptosis pathway and cell cycle regulatory pathway, and may negatively regulate
JAK/STAT3 through down-regulating p-Stat3.
The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Hsp90-Cdc37 Interactions in
Several Diseases
Authors: Wang Caiyan , Zhang Xuerong , Li Shehan , Li Zibo , Cheng Liangkai , Liu Zhongqiu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 is an ATP-dependent chaperone and plays a vital role in the folding, maturation, and stability of a protein. Hsp90 and its client proteins have become targets of various diseases through the regulation of disease-related proteins. Inhibition of Hsp90 production and activity prevents ATP hydrolysis, resulting in the ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of client proteins. However, the Hsp90 inhibitor has obvious toxic side effects and the inevitable heat shock response. Cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37) is a crucial Hsp90 kinase-specific co-chaperone, which forms a complex with Hsp90 to regulate kinase and non-kinase client’s activities, cell commu-nication, and signal transduction. The Hsp90-Cdc37 complex maintains cell survival by stabilizing abnormal client proteins and regulating cell growth signals. The abnormal activation of Hsp90-Cdc37 protein-protein interaction (PPI) often leads to the aggravation of diseases, such as cancer and neuro-degenerative diseases. Compared with ATP competitive Hsp90 inhibitors, blocking Hsp90-Cdc37 PPI has higher selectivity, fewer toxic side effects, and better application prospects. This review detailed the biological characteristics of Hsp90-Cdc37 PPI and its role in several human diseases. Besides, the latest research progress in inhibitors is summarized and discussed to guide further research and clini-cal application.
A Review on Exploring the Opportunities of Polymer Drug Conjugated
Systems for Targeted Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ambre Premlata , Gupta Chandan , Naik Isha , Menon Mala , Coutinho Evans 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Polymeric drug conjugates (PDCs) for cancer therapy have been a hot research topic for the
past three decades. Successful examples of PDC conjugates have demonstrated sustained drug release
action with decreased systemic toxicity and enhanced tumor retention effect (EPR) via active as well as
passive targeting mechanisms. Therefore, the PDC approach has now become a keystone of the drug
delivery system for cancer and other diseases. In recent years, several PDCs have successfully made up
to the clinical trials. The approach aids targeted delivery of the anticancer drugs to the tumor site without
disturbing the healthy cells. The selection of the over-expressed receptor and the receptor-ligand
plays a vital role in designing the receptor-targeting PDC so that it is able to distinguish between the
healthy cell and the tumor cell. Continuous efforts are being made in research and development toward
an active targeted PDC delivery system to revolutionize cancer treatment despite the controversy built
due to heterogeneity in tumor models. This review highlights the chemistry aspects involved in the
preparation of PDCs that deal with novel molecular tumor targets and strategies used for the development
of targeted PDCs for delivering the drug payload via active or passive targeting. Furthermore, it
sheds light on the challenges faced by targeted PDCs as novel drug delivery systems.
Effects of Combined Garcinia kola and Kigelia africana on Insulin and
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Omoaghe Adams , Oyesola Olusoji , Ezike Tony , Omizu Blessing , Boone Kukoyi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Individual extracts of Garcinia kola and Kigelia africana have been shown to
have therapeutic effects against a variety of variables linked to the development of diabetes mellitus.
However, there is still a lack of information about the combined effects of these extracts on Insulin
and Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic Wistar rats.

Methods:
Forty-two young male rats (180-200g) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7/group).
Diabetes was intraperitoneally induced with 110 mg/kg of nicotinamide constituted in distilled water
and fifteen minutes later with 65 mg/kg of streptozocin freshly prepared in 0.1M citrate buffer (pH of
4.5) and treated for six weeks as follows: the control rats received either 0.9% normal saline (NS) or
250 mg/kg extract by gavage. The remaining animals were diabetes induced and subsequently treated
with either NS, graded doses of the extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg), or 5 mg/kg Glibenclamide +
100mg/kg Metformin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the combined extracts was
also analyzed to identify the bioactive compounds present in it. Insulin, PON-1 levels, lipid profiles,
and atherogenic index were assessed.

Results:
Our findings show that Insulin and PON-1 levels in the plasma of diabetic rats treated with
the combined extracts were significantly increased when compared to the control rats. Moreover, the
GCMS of the extract shows the presence of both monounsaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated
(linoleic acid) fatty acids.

Conclusion:
The current findings suggest that the extract may help improve glucose homeostasis and
prevent atherosclerosis through the established mechanism of the identified bioactive compounds.
Concise Synthesis of Goniothalesdiol A
Authors: Zeng Ping Li , Zhou Junhui , Yang Xuechao , Wang Dong , Dong Zhibing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
A concise and efficient synthesis of styryllactone derivative, goniothalesdiol A, has been
achieved in the six longest linear steps with 17.7% overall yield. The key steps of our synthesis involved
PdCl2-mediated Wacker-type oxidative cyclisation and one-pot tandem Wittig olefination-
Michael addition.
Evaluation of Different Signal Peptides for Secretory Production of
Recombinant Human Interferon-gamma: Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Ghoshoon Mohammad Bagher , Nezafat Navid , Ghoshoon Niloofar , Ghasemi Younes , Jahandar Hoda 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The fusion of the secretory signal peptide to the N-terminal of polypeptide’s amino acid sequence is an attractive technique for the secretory production of heterologous proteins. On the other hand, applying computational analysis may be beneficial to overcome the barriers of trial-and-error approaches in detecting proper signal sequences.
As the scope of this study, the most probable effective properties of 30 signal sequences for the extracellular production of recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-γ) were analysed.

Methods:
The fusion of the secretory signal peptide to the N-terminal of a polypeptide’s
amino acid sequence is an attractive technique for the secretory production of heterologous proteins. On
the other hand, applying computational analysis may be beneficial in overcoming the barriers of trial-anderror
approaches in detecting proper signal sequences.
As the scope of this study, the most probable effective properties of 30 signal sequences for the extracellular
production of recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-γ) were analysed.

Results:
Finally, 12 high probable signal peptides, including OmpC, PhoE, AnsB, and OmpA, were theoretically
detected with ideal solubility probabilities and almost balanced physicochemical properties;
hopes to be helpful in future experimental studies for the secretion of rhIFN-γ.

Conclusion:
The experimental analysis is required to validate the in silico results and focus on in-lab
affecting factors such as cultivation methods and conditions.
A Review on Experimental Models to Test Medicinal Plants on Postprandial
Blood Glucose in Diabetes
Authors: Abid Sanae , Bnouham Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Due to the gravity of postprandial hyperglycemia in the development of microvascular
and macrovascular diseases in diabetics, many medicinal plants are tested to determine their effectiveness
in glycemic control and the mechanisms of action of the products. Consequently, various
diabetic models have been developed and enhanced over the years.

:
The objective of this review is to describe some of the experimental models to study the effect of
medicinal plants used to control postprandial hyperglycemia.

:
Data was collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google scholar (1953-2021). Fiftyseven
(57) studies were included in this review article.

:
Ten models were identified and described. For each model, we described the targets involved and
their roles in postprandial blood glucose control. The experimental design and procedures described
the targets such as an α-glucosidase enzyme, SGLT1, GLUT2, DPP-IV, Na+/K+ ATPase
pump, or intestinal motility in the models, experiment design and procedures were described.

:
This review will facilitate the selection of the most appropriate model for studying agents used to
investigate postprandial blood glucose.
Genetic Variants of HLA-DRB1 Alleles and the Chance of Developing
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mengesha Birga A. , Ning Lin , Huang Jian 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is more common in those who have specific genetic
types of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). One of the most important genetic risk factors for RA
lies in the HLA-DRB1 locus.

Objective:
This review aimed to determine which HLA-DRB1 alleles were associated with the risk of
RA per allele and phenotype group.

Method:
Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.4.1.

Results:
The meta-analysis included nine articles that involved 3004 RA patients and 2384 healthy controls.
In the allele group, the frequencies of three HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-DRB1*10 (OR = 1.88,
95%CI = 1.25–2.83, p = 0.002), HLA-DRB1*04 (OR = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.73–3.29, p < 0.00001), and
HLA-DRB1*01 (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.08–1.61, p = 0.006), were considerably higher in RA patients
than in controls, and these alleles potentially increased the chance of disease development. Five HLADRB1
alleles (*03, *07, *11, *13, and *14), were more prevalent in healthy people than in RA patients
and may therefore offer protection against disease onset. Only the DRB1*04 subtypes, DRB1*0401
(OR = 1.37, 95 percent CI = 1.05–1.79, p = 0.02) and DRB1*0404 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.19–12.53, p
= 0.004), showed a significant association with the risk of RA in our pooled effect.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated a significant relationship between HLA-DRB1 and the risk of
RA in various ethnic groups.
Systemic and Anticancer Potential of Adaptogenic Constituents Isolated from Traditional
Herbs – A Mini-Review
Authors: Sulaiman Mahaboob Khan , Lakshmanan Jaganathan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Adaptogens were initially recognized as stress-resistance inducing compounds. Recent studies reveal that
adaptogens are pleiotropically-acting chemical constituents that can be isolated from traditional herbs. They are gaining
increasing attention in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the physiological action of adaptogens isolated
from the 9 most widely used traditional herbs implicated in cancer therapy viz., Withania somnifera, Tinospora
cordifolia, Rhodiola rosea, Emblica officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Bacopa monnieri, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum
sanctum, and Panax notoginseng. The studies were identified through a systematic search of major computerized databases
such as Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Inflibnet, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Individual names of each
herb and biological action were the search terms employed. In this review, we have enlisted the chemical constituents
and their mechanism of action in a few organ systems as well as in cancer cells. Studies indicate that the adaptogens
isolated from these herbs can be broadly arranged into 2 classes based on their chemical structure. These molecules
exert a positive influence on several organ systems such as respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, immune, and gastrointestinal
tracts. It is also clear that adaptogens act as effective chemopreventive agents alone or in combination with
chemo drugs in multiple cancers by targeting multiple intracellular target proteins. Therefore, we conclude that adaptogens
are versatile ligands capable of eliciting many systemic effects. Their biological functions are complex, varied,
and context-dependent in various cancers. This offers great scope for personalized treatment and cancer chemoprevention
in the future.
COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Proposed
Classification and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Kant Singh Namit , Hage Neemu , Ramamourthy Balaji , Medha Kappagantu Krishna 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Mucormycosis is a rare fungal disease and was known to affect only immunocompromised hosts, but in the COVID 19 pandemic, a surge in the cases of Rhino- Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis have been reported, and the cause still unknown. As the disease was a rare entity there was no classification considering the sprerad and proper management at various stages of spread.

Method:
Extensive literature search with the terms “ Mucormycosis”, “Invasive Fungal Sinusitis” and “COVID 19 associated Mucormycosis”, “Mucormycosis in COVID” was made on Pubmed, Scopus and Embase database, taking into consideration case histories revealing the site of involvement and treatment according to the extension of the disease

Results:
Relevant articles were analysed and it was found that there is no specific classification of the disease entity and proper surgical and medical management guidelines to date and the disease spread followed a pattern related to the first site of involvement and few reports also suggested skip lesions.

Conclusion::
This review is an attempt through which, we elaborate the pathophysiology of Mucormycosis and its spread and propose a classification which will be helpful in determining policies for control and prevent complications, morbidity, and mortality.