bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of adropin on learning and memory in rats tested in the Morris water maze
Authors: Ozkan Ayse , Aslan Mutay Aydin , Sinen Osman , Munzuroglu Mustafa , Derin Narin , Parlak Hande , Bulbul Mehmet , Agar Aysel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdropin is a secreted peptide, which is composed of 43 amino acids and shows an effective role in regulating energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Motor coordination and locomotor activity were improved by adropin in the cerebellum. However, it is not known whether adropin administration has an effect on spatial learning and memory. In this study, we investigated the effect of adropin on spatial learning and memory and characterized the biochemical properties of adropin in the hippocampus. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups as control and adropin groups. The control group received 0.9% NaCl intracerebroventricular for 6 days, while the adropin groups received 1 nmol of adropin dissolved in 0.9% NaCl (for 6 days). The Morris water maze, Y maze, and object location recognition tests were performed to evaluate learning and memory. Also, the locomotor activity tests were measured to assess the motor function. The expression of Akt, phospho‐Akt, CREB, phospho‐CREB, Erk1/2, phospho‐Erk1/2, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), phospho‐GSK3β, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor NR2B subunit were determined in the hippocampal tissues by using western blot. Behavior tests showed that adropin significantly increase spatial memory performance. Meanwhile, the western blot analyses revealed that the phosphorylated form of the Akt and CREB were enhanced with adropin administration in the hippocampus. Also, the expression of BDNF showed an enhancement in adropin group in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that adropin exerts its enhancing effect on spatial memory capacity through Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
Infant's recognition of three‐dimensional form: Mirror image and structurally distinct objects
Authors: Hawkins Laura , Nyman Tristin M. , Wilcox Teresa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the extent to which visuospatial processing, as measured by visual scanning behaviour, was associated with infants' ability to recognize mirror image and structurally distinct three‐dimensional objects. Simplified Shepard and Metzler (1971) images were employed. Using a remote eye‐tracker, infants ages 10 to 17 months (n = 130) were familiarized to a target object that rotated 180° around its vertical axis. During test trials, infants saw either the target object or one of two types of novel objects (mirror image or a structurally distinct) rotating through the previously unseen 180°. Infants looked significantly longer at the rotated target than novel object in both the mirror image and structurally distinct condition. However, recognition did not emerge until the third test pair, suggesting that infants found this task difficult task. Analyses revealed a relationship between visual scanning of the novel object during test trials and recognition performance; infants who engaged in focused scanning of the novel object (i.e., attended primarily to the top or bottom of the object) during test trials were more likely to show recognition performance. The results of this experiment identified visual processes that support infants' ability to recognize 3D objects from a previously unseen perspective.
Taylor series‐based deep belief network for automatic classification of diabetic retinopathy using retinal fundus images
Authors: Athalye Saurabh Shrikant , Vijay Gaurav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) disease in the early stage is very important to reduce the risk in DR treatment. Different methods are in practice for detecting the lesions automatically with the retinal image. However, detecting the occurrence of exudates in the macular region poses a challenging task in the computer‐assisted diagnosis of DR. A robust and computationally efficient model for localizing the lesions and features in the retinal fundus image is processed in this research by proposing the Taylor‐based deep belief network (T‐based DBN) classifier. Exudates and their contours are determined based on the blood vessel and optic disc segmentation model. The microaneurysms are detected based on the wavelet model, and the lesions are segmented with the thresholding and binarization approach. The proposed T‐based DBN is highly effective in classifying the DR, based on the multiple layers associated with the restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) layer. The proposed T‐based DBN is the integration of the Taylor series with the DBN classifier. The proposed T‐based DBN produces an accurate detection rate and yields better theoretical error bounds. The performance revealed by the proposed model is evaluated using the metrics, namely specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy, with the values of 90.757%, 92.225%, and 92.122%, respectively.
The effects of selenium on GPX4‐mediated lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in germ cells
Authors: Liu Peiyi , Zhu Jiahui , Yuan Guanxiang , Li Di , Wen Ying , Huang Suli , Lv Ziquan , Guo Yinsheng , Cheng Jinquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that selenium plays an essential role in sperm maturation. However, the specific signaling pathway by which selenium exerts effect has not been elucidated. To evaluate the effect of selenium on GPX4‐mediated lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in germ cells, selenium deficiency was modeled by culturing GC2‐spd cells in serum‐free medium. Treatment with 0.5‐μM sodium selenite (NaSe) or 5.0‐μM selenomethionine (SeMet) significantly improved the proliferation rate and GPX4 protein expression after selenium deficiency. Moreover, NaSe and SeMet decreased the MDA content and lipid peroxidation. When adenovirus was used to knockdown the expression of the GPX4 gene (shRNA‐GPX4), the early apoptosis rate of the shRNA‐GPX4 cells was significantly higher than that of the EGFP cells. Increased expression of Caspase3 and Bax, as well as MDA content were observed in the shRNA‐GPX4 cells compared with EGFP cells. In further, overexpression of the GPX4 gene (ORF‐GPX4) cells exhibited increased cell proliferation and decreased MDA content. However, there was no significant difference in 12/15‐lox expression both in ORF‐GPX4 cells and shRNA‐GPX4 cells. Conclusively, GPX4 was involved in the regulation of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in GC2‐spd cells. Selenium played a role in promoting cell proliferation by mediating GPX4. The regulation of GPX4 may occur independently of 12/15‐Lox. These findings confirmed the effect of selenium on spermatogenesis and offered a potential target for treating abnormal semen quality in men.
A longitudinal study investigating the relationships among multicultural receptivity, sense of community, and self‐esteem of Korean adolescents
Authors: Park Hye‐Sook 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe relative homogeneity in ethnicity and language of native Koreans and their highly competitive lifestyle, especially among adolescents preparing for college, have limited their solidarity with heterogeneous ethnic groups, which may cause problems in this global era. This study uses the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey to explore the relationships among multicultural receptivity, sense of community, and self‐esteem for Korean adolescents over three time points. For this purpose this study conducted an autoregressive cross‐lagged path analysis, controlling for covariates such as gender, parenting style, peer attachment, and satisfaction with academic achievement. The cross‐lagged effects on each other of self‐esteem and sense of community were positive over time. The cross‐lagged effects on each other of multicultural receptivity and self‐esteem were not statistically significant. The results were less symmetrical for the third pairing: the effects of multicultural receptivity on sense of community were consistently positive, but the effects of sense of community on multicultural receptivity were not statistically significant. To enhance the sense of community, promoting multicultural receptivity and self‐esteem would therefore show good results.
Faculty and dental student knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the prescribing of opioids: Informing curricular change
Authors: Schwarz Eli , Replogle Karan , McLemore Kenneth , Kohli Richie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding the prescribing of opioids and addiction in a dental school population.MethodsPredoctoral dental students, residents, and dental faculty were surveyed about their beliefs, awareness, opinions about, and prior training in the prescribing of opioids, current prescribing practices, and confidence with risk mitigation strategies. Demographic information collected included gender, race/ethnicity, faculty/student role, year of birth, and year of graduation.ResultsResponses were received from 220 faculty and students (n = 47 and n = 173, respectively). Both faculty and students agreed that opioids were overprescribed for the treatment of dental pain. A majority of faculty and dental students (DS)3 + DS4 and DS1 + DS2 students expressed no or limited prior training in (1) the approved state opioid guidelines (75%, 79%, and 95%, respectively), (2) the identification/assessment of substance use disorders (68%, 81%, and 92%, respectively), and (3) patient education to accompany the prescribing of opioids (71%, 80%, and 92%, respectively). A majority of faculty reported moderate or extreme confidence in their clinical skills related to the prescribing of opioids (75%), their ability to identify patients with substance use disorders (55%), and their ability to discuss addiction risk and secure storage of opioids (65%). In contrast, DS3 + DS4 and DS1 + DS2 students expressed significantly less confidence and training. Faculty and students agreed that the role of a dentist included risk mitigation, but reported actions did not match their beliefs, reportedly due to lack of time, less confidence, and the assumption that a pharmacist would assume risk mitigation conversations.ConclusionsA cohesive curriculum across the four predoctoral years is needed focusing on factual knowledge about the prescribing of opioids, safe prescribing, and confidence with patient communication and risk mitigation strategies. In addition, a need for parallel faculty development synchronized with and reinforced by curricular content was identified.
Running of the feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus) on level ground: Gaits
Authors: Makarov Viktor A. , Panyutina Aleksandra A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGliding is a crucial adaptation to arboreal habitats in several groups of mammals. Along with certain advantages it imposes limitations on the quadrupedal running since it affects the locomotor apparatus. To estimate the impact on quadrupedal running in gliders, the feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus) was chosen considering that the small size allows minor morphological modifications for aerial locomotion. The gaits were studied on horizontal flat substrate which made it possible to compare running technique of the glider with that of terrestrial mammals. In all analyzed plots the footfall sequence was found to be asymmetrical; in most cases the bound was used, in contrast, the gallop occurred only occasionally. The half‐bound with the fore lead, the most usual asymmetrical gait in quadrupedal marsupials, was much less common in A. pygmaeus than the bound; the rare among mammals half‐bound with the hind lead was also found. The bound was not only the most common gait but also the steadiest one; therefore we can conclude that A. pygmaeus uses all other asymmetrical gaits as transitional forms associated with changes in speed, direction, etc. The bound with extended suspension is probably preferred by A. pygmaeus because it most closely resembles gliding by posture.
Nonsignificant trends in COVID‐19 trials: Is there a significance?
Authors: Yakoot Mostafa 
Published: December 2021

Highlights

Hundreds of clinical trials have been conducted on already available antiviral drugs or natural/herbal substances to repurpose for the treatment of COVID‐19, but with no conclusively consistent statistically significant positive results.
Remdesvir, for example, is facing a confusing situation, after the two major large multinational studies SOLIDARITY and DisCoVeRy concluded that there are no significant survival benefits.
In this viewpoint article, we claimed that the inconsistent time to initiate antiviral drugs during the course of COVID‐12 studies is the major contributing factor for this dilemma. We explained that patients already on mechanical ventilation at the study baseline are considered from a biologically different population than other severity groups. We provided a simple meta‐meta‐analysis to show how excluding them from statistical analysis could affect the statistical significance and conclusions.
Detailed kinetic study of hydrogen abstraction reactions of triphenylene, benzo[e]pyrene, dibenzo[fg,op]naphtacene, and coronene by H atoms
Authors: Khiri Dorra , Taamalli Sonia , El Bakali Abderrahman , Louis Florent , Ivan Černuśák , Ngo Thi Chinh , Nguyen Thi Le Anh , Dao Duy Quang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe thermochemical and dynamics of H‐abstraction reactions by H atoms have been investigated for large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including triphenylene, benzo[e]pyrene, dibenzo[fg,op]naphtacene, and coronene using high‐level ab initio methods, UCCSD(T)‐F12. Highly accurate ground‐state potential energy surfaces were obtained and used to compute reliable kinetic data. The structures and vibrational frequencies of all species involved in these reactions have been calculated using the CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties have been computed at both used levels of theories. For each type of site, the rate constants were calculated in the 500–2500 K temperature range. The results demonstrate that the overall rate constants of H‐abstraction reactions from PAHs with H atoms are not sensitive to the PAHs and their structures. An overall rate constant expression for these processes regardless of the size and structure of the PAH considered is proposed: k(T) = 5.53 × 107  ×  T2.19exp(58.09(kJ mol−1)/RT).
Vanishing theorems on complete Riemannian manifold with a parallel 1‐form
Authors: Huang Teng , Tan Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we first consider the L2 Morse–Novikov cohomology on a complete Riemannian manifold M equipped with a parallel 1‐form which includes Vaisman manifold. Based on a vanishing theorem of L2 Morse–Novikov cohomology, we prove that the L2‐harmonic forms on M are identically zero.
Cross‐Linkable Polyion Complex Micelles from Polypept(o)ide‐Based ABC‐Triblock Copolymers for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Capelôa Leon , Yazdi Mina , Zhang Heyang , Chen Xiaobing , Nie Yu , Wagner Ernst , Lächelt Ulrich , Barz Matthias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractABC‐type triblock copolymers are a rising platform especially for oligonucleotide delivery as they offer an additional functionality besides the anyhow needed functions of shielding and complexation. The authors present a polypept(o)ide‐based triblock copolymer synthesized by amine‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), comprising a shielding block A of polysarcosine (pSar), a poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cystein) (pCys(SO2Et)) block B for bioreversible and chemo‐selective cross‐linking and a poly(l‐lysine) (pLys) block C for complexation to construct polyion complex (PIC) micelles as vehicle for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. The self‐assembly behavior of ABC‐type triblocks is investigated to derive correlations between block lengths of the polymer and PIC micelle structure, showing an enormous effect of the β‐sheet forming pCys(SO2Et) block. Moreover, the block enables the introduction of disulfide cross‐links by reaction with multifunctional thiols to increase stability against dilution. The right content of the additional block leads to well‐defined cross‐linked 50–60 nm PIC micelles purified from production impurities and determinable siRNA loading. These PIC micelles can deliver functional siRNA into Neuro2A and KB cells evaluated by cellular uptake and specific gene knockdown assays.
Congenital Hypotonia: Cracking a SAGA of consanguineous kindred harboring four genetic variants
Authors: Kalfon Limor , Baydany Meirav , Samra Nadra , Heno Nawaf , Segal Zvi , Eran Ayelet , Yulevich Alon , Fellig Yakov , Mandel Hanna , Falik‐Zaccai Tzipora C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the molecular and biochemical basis of an extended highly consanguineous family with multiple children presenting severe congenital hypotonia.MethodsClinical investigations, homozygosity mapping, linkage analyses and whole exome sequencing, were performed. mRNA and protein levels were determined. Population screening was followed.ResultsWe have identified a novel nonsense variant in NGLY1 in two affected siblings, and compound heterozygosity for three novel RYR1 variants in two affected sisters from another nuclear family within the broad pedigree. Population screening revealed a high prevalence of carriers for both diseases. The genetic variants were proven to be pathogenic, as demonstrated by western blot analyses.ConclusionsRevealing the genetic diagnosis enabled us to provide credible genetic counselling and pre‐natal diagnosis to the extended family and genetic screening for this high‐risk population. Whole exome/genome sequencing should be the first tier tool for accurate determination of the genetic basis of congenital hypotonia. Two different genetic disorders within a large consanguineous pedigree should be always considered.
An artificial intelligence‐accelerated 2‐minute multi‐shot echo planar imaging protocol for comprehensive high‐quality clinical brain imaging
Authors: Clifford Bryan , Conklin John , Huang Susie Y. , Feiweier Thorsten , Hosseini Zahra , Goncalves Filho Augusto Lio M. , Tabari Azadeh , Demir Serdest , Lo Wei‐Ching , Longo Maria Gabriela Figueiro , Lev Michael , Schaefer Pam , Rapalino Otto , Setsompop Kawin , Bilgic Berkin , Cauley Stephen 
Published: December 2021

PurposeWe introduce and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)‐accelerated multi‐shot echo‐planar imaging (msEPI)‐based method that provides T1w, T2w, , T2‐FLAIR, and DWI images with high SNR, high tissue contrast, low specific absorption rates (SAR), and minimal distortion in 2 minutes.MethodsThe rapid imaging technique combines a novel machine learning (ML) scheme to limit g‐factor noise amplification and improve SNR, a magnetization transfer preparation module to provide clinically desirable contrast, and high per‐shot EPI undersampling factors to reduce distortion. The ML training and image reconstruction incorporates a tunable parameter for controlling the level of denoising/smoothness. The performance of the reconstruction method is evaluated across various acceleration factors, contrasts, and SNR conditions. The 2‐minute protocol is directly compared to a 10‐minute clinical reference protocol through deployment in a clinical setting, where five representative cases with pathology are examined.ResultsOptimization of custom msEPI sequences and protocols was performed to balance acquisition efficiency and image quality compared to the five‐fold longer clinical reference. Training data from 16 healthy subjects across multiple contrasts and orientations were used to produce ML networks at various acceleration levels. The flexibility of the ML reconstruction was demonstrated across SNR levels, and an optimized regularization was determined through radiological review. Network generalization toward novel pathology, unobserved during training, was illustrated in five clinical case studies with clinical reference images provided for comparison.ConclusionThe rapid 2‐minute msEPI‐based protocol with tunable ML reconstruction allows for advantageous trade‐offs between acquisition speed, SNR, and tissue contrast when compared to the five‐fold slower standard clinical reference exam.
Twenty‐four–channel high‐impedance glove array for hand and wrist MRI at 3T
Authors: Zhang Bei , Wang Bili , Ho Justin , Hodono Shota , Burke Christopher , Lattanzi Riccardo , Vester Markus , Rehner Robert , Sodickson Daniel , Brown Ryan , Cloos Martijn 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo present a novel 3T 24‐channel glove array that enables hand and wrist imaging in varying postures.MethodsThe glove array consists of an inner glove holding the electronics and an outer glove protecting the components. The inner glove consists of four main structures: palm, fingers, wrist, and a flap that rolls over on top. Each structure was constructed out of three layers: a layer of electrostatic discharge flame‐resistant fabric, a layer of scuba neoprene, and a layer of mesh fabric. Lightweight and flexible high impedance coil (HIC) elements were inserted into dedicated tubes sewn into the fabric. Coil elements were deliberately shortened to minimize the matching interface. Siemens Tim 4G technology was used to connect all 24 HIC elements to the scanner with only one plug.ResultsThe 24‐channel glove array allows large motion of both wrist and hand while maintaining the SNR needed for high‐resolution imaging.ConclusionIn this work, a purpose‐built 3T glove array that embeds 24 HIC elements is demonstrated for both hand and wrist imaging. The 24‐channel glove array allows a great range of motion of both the wrist and hand while maintaining a high SNR and providing good theoretical acceleration performance, thus enabling hand and wrist imaging at different postures to extract kinematic information.
Dimension reduction graph‐based sparse subspace clustering for intelligent fault identification of rolling element bearings
Authors: Zhao Le , Yang Shaopu , Liu Yongqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSparse subspace clustering (SSC) is a spectral clustering methodology. Since high‐dimensional data are often dispersed over the union of many low‐dimensional subspaces, their representation in a suitable dictionary is sparse. Therefore, SSC is an effective technology for diagnosing mechanical system faults. Its main purpose is to create a representation model that can reveal the real subspace structure of high‐dimensional data, construct a similarity matrix by using the sparse representation coefficients of high‐dimensional data, and then cluster the obtained representation coefficients and similarity matrix in subspace. However, the design of SSC algorithm is based on global expression in which each data point is represented by all possible cluster data points. This leads to nonzero terms in nondiagonal blocks of similar matrices, which reduces the recognition performance of matrices. To improve the clustering ability of SSC for rolling bearing and the robustness of the algorithm in the presence of a large number of background noise, a simultaneous dimensionality reduction subspace clustering technology is provided in this work. Through the feature extraction of envelope signal, the dimension of the feature matrix is reduced by singular value decomposition, and the Euclidean distance between samples is replaced by correlation distance. A dimension reduction graph‐based SSC technology is established. Simulation and bearing data of Western Reserve University show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy and compactness of clustering.
Culiacán: Using Photography to Explore the Space between Idyllic Nostalgia and Historical Materialism
Authors: Valenzuela Félix Jesús E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotography is a medium used to convey a message, often one for remembering. This essay is an attempt of using photography to capture the idyllic nostalgia at the heart of the immigrant experience while at the same time acknowledging the historical materialism that is often overlooked in remembering a childhood.