bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Character Strengths and Social Support as Protective Factors between Grandparents’ Caregiving and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Noriega Cristina , Velasco Cristina , Pérez-Rojo Gema , López Javier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe number of grandparents providing supplementary care for their grandchildren has increased in the past decades. When analyzing the relationship between the amount of care provided by grandparents and their health, there are mixed results. Some studies suggest that the effects on supplementary caregivers’ health appear to be mediated by the context of caregiving (e.g., personal resources, social context, etc) instead of by its intensity. However, little data has examined the relationship between care intensity and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) (a concept that goes beyond health status) and what protective factors may mediate between care provided by grandparents and HRQoL. Based on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin, 1993), we aimed to examine how the amount of care provided to grandchildren relates to grandparents’ mental and physical HRQoL and if social support and character strengths act as protective factors mediating this relationship. A sample of 300 grandparents from Spain participated in this study. We grouped participants by the type of supplementary care they were providing: regular or occasional. To test our hypotheses, we conducted path analysis. Character strengths and social support mediated the effect of the amount of care on grandparents’ mental HRQoL. Results also underlined the importance of character strengths as a mediator between the amount of care provided and grandparents’ physical HRQoL. This study highlights the importance of considering a positive orientation focused on protective factors (social support and character strengths) that may minimize the impact of the difficulties associated with grandparents’ caregiving.
Fear Conditioning Deficits in Children and Adolescents with Psychopathic Traits: a Study in a Clinical Population
Authors: Ivanova-Serokhvostova Anastasiya , Molinuevo Beatriz , Torrents-Rodas David , Bonillo Albert , Pérez-Bonaventura Iris , Corrales Montserrat , Pamias Montserrat , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Torrubia Rafael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeficits in fear conditioning related to psychopathy have been widely studied in adults. However, evidence in children and adolescents is scarce and inconsistent. This research aimed to expand knowledge about fear conditioning in psychopathy and its dimensions in child and early adolescent clinical populations. Participants were 45 boys (outpatients) aged 6–14 years (M = 10.59, SD = 2.04). They were assessed with the parents’ and teachers’ versions of the Child Problematic Traits Inventory (CPTI). A fear conditioning paradigm (Neumann et al., in Biological Psychology, 79(3), 337–342, 2008) for children and adolescents was used. Conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were geometric shapes and the unconditioned stimulus (US) was an unpleasant sound of metal scraping on slate (83 dB). Difference scores (CS+ minus CS-) in skin conductance responses (SCR) and self-reported cognitive and affective measures were considered as indices of fear conditioning. Results showed that: a) deficits in fear conditioning were related to some psychopathy dimensions but not to psychopathy as a unitary construct; b) the Impulsivity-Need for Stimulation dimension was a predictor of impaired fear conditioning at a cognitive level; c) the interaction of Callous-Unemotional and Impulsivity-Need for Stimulation dimensions was a significant predictor of impaired electrodermal fear conditioning; d) by contrast, the Grandiose-Deceitful dimension, was marginally associated with a greater electrodermal fear conditioning. In conclusion, psychopathy dimensions and their interactions, but not psychopathy as a whole, predicted deficits in fear conditioning as measured by SCR and cognitive indices. These findings confirm the notion that psychopathic traits are associated with deficits in fear conditioning in child and adolescent clinical populations and provide support for a multidimensional approach to youth psychopathy.
The bifunctional formalism: an alternative treatment of density functionals
Authors: Finzel Kati 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe bifunctional formalism presents an alternative how to obtain the functional value from its functional derivative by exploiting homogeneous density scaling. In the bifunctional formalism the density dependence of the functional derivative is suppressed. Consequently, those derivatives have to be treated as formal functional derivatives. For a pointwise correspondence between the true and the formal functional derivative, the bifunctional expression yields the same value as the density functional. Within the bifunctional formalism the functional value can directly be obtained from its derivative (while the functional itself remains unknown). Since functional derivatives are up to a constant uniquely defined, this approach allows for a pointwise comparison between approximate potentials and reference potentials. This aspect is especially important in the field of orbital-free density functional theory, where the burden is to approximate the kinetic energy. Since in the bifunctional approach the potential is approximated directly, full control is given over the latter, and consequently over the final electron densities obtained from variational procedure. Besides the bifunctional formalism itself another concept is introduced, dividing the total non-interacting kinetic energy into a known functional part and a remainder, called Pauli kinetic energy. Only the remainder requires further approximations. For practical purposes sufficiently accurate Pauli potentials for application on atoms, molecular and solid-state systems are presented.
Seasonal variations of natural products in European herbs
Authors: Li Yan , Zidorn Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present review gives an overview about the status of research on seasonal variation of natural products in herbs growing in or grown in Europe. Due to pronounced differences in weather patterns, papers covering plants from the Mediterranean, the temperate, and the cold climate zones are reviewed separately. Apart from trying to give an overview of the existing newer literature after the year 2000, we try to identify some repeatedly found seasonal trends and discuss some possible explanations for these trends. Moreover, some suggestions, which encompass both research bias and desirable quality standards concerning experimental designs for future studies, are given. The covered investigations are mainly focused on aerial parts and leaves. Some publications are also dealing with flowers and roots. The composition of essential oils of aromatic plants are particularly well investigated. Phenolics are the most often studied compound class, including different types of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. Additionally, some papers assess the seasonal variation of alkaloids and lipophilic compounds.
Heavy metal–induced stress in eukaryotic algae—mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response
Authors: Nowicka Beatrycze 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
Perceived Gambling Availability and Adolescent Gambling Behavior: the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Parrado-González Alberto , Fernández-Calderón Fermín , León-Jariego José C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Geographic accessibility has been linked to gambling behavior, but little is known about whether the perception of gambling availability in both offline and online venues is prospectively associated with adolescent gambling behavior. Further, relatively few studies have analyzed the interaction between environmental and individual factors in explaining adolescent gambling and problem gambling. This prospective study examined the association between perceived gambling availability, gambling frequency, and problem gambling among 554 adolescents aged 13–17 years (mean = 15.1, female 47.4%) and explored the moderating role of self-efficacy to control gambling in these associations. Participants completed assessments of perceived gambling availability and gambling self-efficacy at baseline. Gambling frequency and problem gambling were measured at follow-up. Two separate hierarchical regression models were applied to analyze the relationship of perceived gambling availability with gambling behavior and the moderating role of gambling self-efficacy. Results showed that a greater perception of gambling availability was associated with a higher gambling frequency and more problem gambling in adolescents. The impact of perceived gambling availability on gambling frequency and problem gambling was lower among participants with moderate gambling self-efficacy in comparison with participants with low gambling self-efficacy. In those adolescents with high self-efficacy to control gambling, perceived gambling availability was not associated either with gambling frequency or problem gambling. These results suggest the usefulness of implementing regulatory policies aimed at reducing gambling availability in adolescents, and the design of preventative interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy to control gambling.
Diabetes Resolution at 10 Years After Biliopancreatic Diversion in Overweight and Class 1 Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Papadia Francesco Saverio , Carlini Flavia , Rubartelli Alice , Battistini Micaela , Cordera Renzo , Adami Gian Franco , Camerini Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong-term anti-diabetic effects of BPD in overweight or class 1 obese T2DM patients were investigated reporting the results at 10 years after BPD performed in severely non-obese T2DM patients.Material and MethodsThirty T2DM patients with BMI lower than 35 kg/m2were investigated at 1, 5, and 10 years after BPD, and the results are compared with those of 30 T2DM patients followed for 10 years on pharmacological and/or behavioral conventional therapy.ResultsMean levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) showed a marked reduction 1 year after BPD, values remaining slightly above the diabetic range throughout the entire follow-up. T2DM remission was observed in about 50% of the cases at 5 and 10 years after the operation. In 16 patients (53%), severe BPD-related complications developed, in ten cases requiring a surgical revision of the operation. In the BPD group, one patient died for malignant lymphoma and two patients after surgical revision. Within the control group, during the 10-year follow-up, no changes in the diabetic status were observed, being the FBG and HbA1Cmean values higher than those recorded in the BPD patients at any follow-up time. All T2DM subjects of the control group were alive at the end of the 10-year follow-up.ConclusionDespite satisfactory long-term metabolic outcomes, these data indicate that BPD should be used with caution as a metabolic procedure in the treatment of T2DM in overweight or class 1obese patients.Graphical abstract
Diversity of marine benthic algae from Cantabria (Eastern Cantabrian, Spain): a historical overview of research and publications
Authors: Cires Eduardo , Cuesta Candela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe macroalgal flora of Cantabria (north of Spain) has attracted the interest of many researchers on past occasions. Currently published information only reflects occasional collections from sporadic field visits to this region of the Spanish Atlantic coast. To overcome this, a historical overview of research and publications, encompassing collections and presence data recording, has been undertaken. This work lists the resultant taxonomic records and provides information about macroalgal flora of Cantabria. A total of 425 species (25 Cyanobacteria, 55 Chlorophyta, 81 Ochrophyta, and 264 Rhodophyta) were identified. The number of specific, infraspecific taxa, and stages is 437: 25 Cyanobacteria, 57 Chlorophyta, 89 Ochrophyta, and 266 Rhodophyta. The floristic character of flora from the Cantabrian coast is compared over time and with nearby regions applying Cheney’s ratio [(Rhodophyta+Chlorophyta)/ Ochrophyta, or (R+C)/O]. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the research that has been conducted in the Cantabrian coast, not only found in international publications but also in local publications as well as unpublished theses.
Besonders, aber nicht besondernd zu betrachten
Authors: Sandermann Philipp , Wenzel Laura , Winkel Marek 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert kritisch den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Thema fluchterfahrener Familien in Deutschland und reflektiert diesen für die Weiterentwicklung einer heterogenitätssensiblen Sozialen Arbeit. Dafür gleichen wir den Forschungsstand mit Erkenntnissen der allgemeinen Familienforschung und der Migrationsgesellschaftsforschung ab. Dabei zeigt sich, dass ein Großteil bisher vorliegender Studien zur Familialität fluchterfahrener Personen dazu tendiert, diese besondernd zu erfassen und dabei ordnungs- und sozialpolitisch tradierte Vorstellungen „der geflüchteten Familie“ zu reproduzieren. Wir zeigen auf, welche Optionen einer Vergegenständlichung von Familialitäten fluchterfahrener Personen zugunsten einer heterogenitätssensibel ansetzenden Sozialen Arbeit stärker zu reflektieren sind.
Alternative Metabolic Strategies are Employed by Endurance Runners of Different Body Sizes; Implications for Human Evolution
Authors: Longman Daniel P. , Merzbach Viviane , Pinto Jorge Marques , Atkinson Laura Hope , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Gordon Dan , Stock Jay T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveA suite of adaptations facilitating endurance running (ER) evolved within the hominin lineage. This may have improved our ability to reach scavenging sites before competitors, or to hunt prey over long distances. Running economy (RE) is a key determinant of endurance running performance, and depends largely on the magnitude of force required to support body mass. However, numerous environmental factors influence body mass, thereby significantly affecting RE. This study tested the hypothesis that alternative metabolic strategies may have emerged to enable ER in individuals with larger body mass and poor RE.MethodsA cohort of male (n = 25) and female (n = 19) ultra-endurance runners completed submaximal and exhaustive treadmill protocols to determine RE, and V̇O2Max.ResultsBody mass was positively associated with sub-maximal oxygen consumption at both LT1 (maler=0.66,p<0.001; female LT1r=0.23,p=0.177) and LT2 (maler=0.59,p=0.001; femaler=0.23,p=0.183) and also with V̇O2Max(maler=0.60,p=0.001; femaler=0.41,p=0.046). Additionally, sub-maximal oxygen consumption varied positively with V̇O2Maxin both male (LT1r=0.54,p=0.003; LT2r=0.77,p<0.001) and female athletes (LT1r=0.88,p<0.001; LT2r=0.92,p<0.001).ConclusionsThe results suggest that, while individuals with low mass and good RE can glide economically as they run, larger individuals can compensate for the negative effects their mass has on RE by increasing their capacity to consume oxygen. The elevated energy expenditure of this low-economy high-energy turnover approach to ER may bring costs associated with energy diversion away from other physiological processes, however.
Measuring adoption of industry 4.0 technologies via international trade data: insights from European countries
Authors: Castellani Davide , Lamperti Fabio , Lavoratori Katiuscia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe investigation of the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and its implications, both at the macro and micro level, has attracted growing interest in the recent literature. Most studies have looked at the production and diffusion of related innovations and knowledge, but what do we know about the adoption of these technologies over time and across countries? In this paper, we look at three I4.0 technologies and present a new empirical perspective able to overcome the limitations of existing attempts at measuring their adoption, generally based on small-scale and country-specific studies. Our study provides a methodology that allows measuring adoption across countries for a relatively long time period. In so doing, we build on the well-established idea in the international economics literature that trade of capital goods captures technology diffusion, and so adoption across countries. We provide preliminary and comprehensive evidence on the adoption of these I4.0 technologies in Europe and set the premise for monitoring its evolution and implications on a large scale and over time.
Hunters’ Willingness to Pay to Avoid Processing Costs Associated with Harvesting Infected Game
Authors: Adhikari Ram Kumar , Poudyal Neelam Chandra , Muller Lisa I. , Yoest Chuck 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe assessed hunters’ willingness to participate in a scheme to recover the costs associated with processing diseased game. The results indicated that fifty-one percent of the hunters in a region affected by chronic wasting disease are interested in such a scheme and willing to pay an average of $20 per animal. Their willingness to participate is affected by risk perception, hunting experience, use of processing services, and income. Further, establishing such a market-based scheme would be financially profitable to game processors and helpful to wildlife agencies interested in encouraging hunters’ harvest to reduce herds and facilitate effective disease surveillance.
Three-dimensional finite-time guidance law based on sliding mode adaptive RBF neural network against a highly manoeuvering target
Authors: Wu G. , Zhang K. , Han Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to intercept a highly manoeuvering target with an ideal impact angle in the three-dimensional space, this paper promises to probe into the problem of three-dimensional terminal guidance. With the goal of the highly target acceleration and short terminal guidance time, a guidance law, based on the advanced fast non-singular terminal sliding mode theory, is designed to quickly converge the line-of-sight (LOS) angle and the LOS angular rate within a finite time. In the design process, the target acceleration is regarded as an unknown boundary external disturbance of the guidance system, and the RBF neural network is used to estimate it. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of RBF neural network and accelerate its convergence, the parameters of RBF neural network are adjusted online in real time. At the same time, an adaptive law is designed to compensate the estimation error of the RBF neural network, which improves the convergence speed of the guidance system. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the state and the sliding manifold of the guidance system converge in finite time. According to Lyapunov theory, the stability of the system can be guaranteed by online adjusting the parameters of RBF neural network and adaptive parameters. The numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed guidance law.
Economies of diversification and stochastic dominance analysis in French mixed sheep farms
Authors: Minviel Jean Joseph , Benoit Marc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFarm diversification is mainly driven by risk mitigation effects and economic gains related to complementarities between production activities. By combining these two aspects, we investigate diversification economies in a sample of French mixed sheep farming systems and rank these systems using stochastic dominance criteria. Partially diversified systems (Sheep-Grass, Sheep-Crop, Sheep-Landless) and fully diversified systems (Sheep-Grass-Crop-Landless) were evaluated. We find a high degree of diversification diseconomies in the sheep farming systems considered. The results also indicate that the fully diversified system is driven by its risk-reducing effects (including downside risk exposure) and that Sheep-Crop is the dominant system in terms of risk-adjusted returns.
Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers, and How They Are Coping: A Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Study During the First Wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Mustafa Zia Ul , Raza Muhammad Husnnain , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Asif Noman , Tahir Humera , Shehzadi Naureen , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Yusra Habib , Sultana Kishwar , Saleem Fahad , Hussain Khalid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to ascertain the psychological impacts of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among the Pakistani health care workers (HCWs) and their coping strategies.

Methods:
This web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs (N = 398) from Punjab Province of Pakistan. The generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Brief-COPE were used to assess anxiety, depression, and coping strategies, respectively.

Results:
The average age of respondents was 28.67 years (SD = 4.15), with the majority being medical doctors (52%). Prevalences of anxiety and depression were 21.4% and 21.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in anxiety and depression scores among doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. Females had significantly higher anxiety (P = 0.003) and depression (P = 0.001) scores than males. Moreover, frontline HCWs had significantly higher depression scores (P = 0.010) than others. The depression, not anxiety, score was significantly higher among those who did not receive the infection prevention training (P = 0.004). The most frequently adopted coping strategies were religious coping (M = 5.98, SD = 1.73), acceptance (M = 5.59, SD = 1.55), and coping planning (M = 4.91, SD = 1.85).

Conclusion:
A considerable proportion of HCWs are having generalized anxiety and depression during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings call for interventions to mitigate mental health risks in HCWs.
Topological models for stable motivic invariants of regular number rings
Authors: Bachmann Tom , Østvær Paul Arne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor an infinity of number rings we express stable motivic invariants in terms of topological data determined by the complex numbers, the real numbers and finite fields. We use this to extend Morel’s identification of the endomorphism ring of the motivic sphere with the Grothendieck–Witt ring of quadratic forms to deeper base schemes.