bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate utilization by the gut microbiome determines host health responsiveness to whole grain type and processing methods
Authors: Smith Caroline , Haute Mallory J. , Xian Yibo , Munoz Rafael R. Segura , Schmaltz Robert J. , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Rose Devin J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Little is known about how grain processing, grain type, and carbohydrate utilization (CU) by the microbiome influence the health benefits of whole grains. Therefore, two whole grains—brown rice and whole wheat—and two processing methods—boiling (porridge) and extrusion—were studied for their effects on host metabolic outcomes in mice harboring human microbiomes previously shown in vitro to have high or low CU. Mice carrying either microbiome experienced increases in body weight and glycemia when consuming Western diets supplemented with extruded grains versus porridge. However, mice with the high CU but not low CU microbiome also gained more body weight and fat over time and were less glucose tolerant when consuming extruded grain diets. In the high CU microbiome mice, the exacerbated negative host health outcomes associated with extrusion were related to altered abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, contributing to elevated sugar degradation and colonic acetate production. The ASVs associated with the extruded and porridge diets in this in vivo study were not the same as those identified in our prior in vitro study; however, the predicted functions were highly correlated. In conclusion, mice harboring both high and low CU microbiomes responded to the whole grain diets similarly, except the high CU microbiome mice exhibited exacerbated effects due to excessive acetate production. Our work demonstrates that a greater understanding of food processing effects on the microbiome is necessary for developing foods that promote rather than diminish host health.
The Effects of Simmelian Ties on Innovation of Low-carbon Technology: A study of top managers' environmental awareness and stakeholder pressure in China
Authors: Jiang Yuguo , Asante Dennis , Ampaw Enock Mintah , Zheng Yangchen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Low-carbon technology innovation (LTI) engenders environmental protection and socio-economic development. Hence, low-carbon innovation of enterprises becomes a crucial policy arena for national development and climate mitigation strategy. LTI is now associated with the reputation and competitive edge of enterprises. We constructed a framework to empirically explore the impact of simmelian ties (ST) on LTI, testing the moderating effect of stakeholder pressure in this relationship. We used a sample of 385 employees from industrial enterprises in China through a structured questionnaire. The study results show that: first, when the enterprise is in a strong ST, the top managers' awareness of environmental benefits has a significant positive impact on LTI. Second, when the enterprise is in a weak ST, top managers' awareness of environmental risk has a significant positive impact on LTI. Third, pressure of key stakeholders and pressure of secondary stakeholders positively moderate the interaction between ST and top managers' environmental awareness (TMEA) on the impact of LTI. Fourth, the moderating effect of key stakeholders pressure was observed to be stronger than that of secondary stakeholders pressure. Theoretically, this paper contributes to literature by developing a framework to investigate interaction between ST, TMEA, and LTI under different stakeholder pressure. Against this framework, we provide a theoretical reference for enterprises to choose the appropriate and optimal TMEA for competitive edge.
Associations of dietary patterns with brain morphology in children: Results from a prospective population-based study
Authors: Mou Yuchan , Blok Elisabet , Barroso Monica , Jansen Pauline W. , White Tonya , Voortman Trudy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dietary patterns in childhood have been associated with child neurodevelopment and cognitive performance, while the underlying neurobiological pathway is unclear. We aimed to examine associations of dietary patterns in infancy and mid-childhood with pre-adolescent brain morphology. We included 1888 and 2326 children with dietary data at age one or eight years, respectively, and structural neuroimaging at age 10 years in the Generation R Study. Measures of brain morphology were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Dietary intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires, from which we calculated diet quality scores based on dietary guidelines and from which derived dietary patterns using principal component analyses. Associations were examined using regression models adjusted for potential confounding and controlled for multiple testing. At age one year, children with higher adherence to dietary patterns labeled as ‘Snack, processed foods and sugar’ had smaller cerebral white matter volume (B = -4.30, 95%CI -6.92, -1.68). At age eight years, higher adherence to diet patterns labeled as ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ was associated with a larger total brain (B = 8.93, 95%CI 4.54, 13.32), and larger cerebral gray matter volumes (B = 5.17, 95%CI 2.86, 7.48). Children with higher diet quality and better adherence to a ‘Whole grains, soft fats and dairy’ dietary pattern at age eight years showed greater brain gyrification and larger surface area, clustered primarily in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, dietary patterns in early- and mid-childhood are associated with differences in brain morphology. These findings may explain part of the previously reported relation between dietary patterns and neurodevelopment in children.
Hif-2α regulates lipid metabolism of alcoholic fatty liver disease through mitophagy
Authors: Wu Mei-fei , Zhang Guo-dong , Liu Tong-tong , Shen Jun-hao , Cheng Jieling , Shen Jie , Yang Tian-yu , Huang Cheng , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Disorder of lipid metabolism plays an essential role in both initiation and progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and fatty acid βoxidation is increasingly being considered a crucial factor controlling lipid metabolism. Hif-2α is a member of the Hifs family of nuclear receptors, taking part in regulating hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. However, its functional role in AFLD and its underlying mechanism remains unclear.Results Hif-2α was upregulated in EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-induced AML-12 cells. Inhibition or silence of Hif-2α led to the enhancement of fatty acid β-oxidation and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy. Further studies have shown that downregulation of Hif-2α was well established to activate the PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathway concerned in hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation by mediating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, and ultimately delaying the progression of AFLD. Conclusions Hif-2α induces liver steatosis, which promotes the progression of AFLD. Our results preciously developed a novel Hif-2α-BNIP3-dependent mitophagy regulatory pathway interconnected with EtOH-induced lipid accumulation and might be a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of AFLD.
Comparison of Two Erythronium sibiricum Bulb Polysaccharides in Anti-asthmatic Mechanisms Based on Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 Balances
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Wang Mei , Zhou Yue , Liu Rongchang , Xie Xiangyun , Li Xue , Chen Chunli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigated and compared the effects and mechanisms of two kinds of Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Krylov (E. sibiricum) bulb polysaccharides (E1P and ESBP) on asthma, which was based on helper T (Th) 1/Th2 and Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) balances. E1P and ESBP improved pulmonary pathological states, reduced the recruitments of lung inflammatory cells and serum IgE in asthmatic mice. E1P and ESBP also suppressed Th2 and Th17 cytokine hypersecretion while enhancing Th1 and Treg cytokine secretion. The changes in related gene and protein expressions of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balances induced by ovalbumin were reversed after the intervention of E1P and ESBP. Additionally, E1P lacked significant effects on IFNγ and IL-10 cytokines, RORγt mRNA and T bet protein compared with ESBP. E. sibiricum bulb polysaccharides ameliorated asthma by modulatingTh1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balances, and ESBP might exhibit a more comprehensive therapeutic action on asthma than E1P.
Facile Synthesis of chitosan-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs for application in Cu(II) ions removal and for bacterial growth inhibition in aqueous solutions
Authors: Rabei Samira T. , Mohamed Yasser Mahmoud A , Abdel-Monem Reham A , Nazer Hossam A El 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chitosan-grafted-4-vinylpyridine (Cs-g-PVP) was prepared utilizing free radical copolymerization method. The chemical structure of the produced Cs-g-PVP was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, in addition thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to assess its thermal stability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine its morphology. Enhancement of the chemical and physical proprieties was achieved by adding functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) to produce two polymeric hybrids of Cs-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs (I and II) with 3wt% and 5wt% f-MWCNTs, respectively. Characterization of these hybrids was performed using TGA, SEM and EDX analysis. Using a batch adsorption approach, the produced grafted copolymer (Cs-g-PVP) and the hybrids (Cs-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs I and II) were tested for adsorption of Cu(II) ions in aqueous solution using initial concentration of CuCl2 equals to 5x10− 3 mol/L at different pH values (i.e. 4, 7, and 9). Antibacterial activity of the Cs-g-PVP and the hybrids was evaluated against three Gram + ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus Subtitles and Streptococcus faecalis) and three Gram –ve bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The results showed that the efficiency of the Cs-g-PVP copolymer showed significant increase after inclusion of the f-MWCNTs substrate towards Cu(II) removal and antibacterial agent.
PINK1 Phosphorylates Drp1S616 to Improve Mitochondrial Fission and Inhibit the Progression of HFpEF
Authors: Shou Jian , Huo Yunlong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major subtype of HF with no effective treatments. Mitochondrial dysfunctions relevant to the imbalance of fusion and fission occur in HFpEF. The aim of the study is to investigate molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunctions in HFpEF.Methods and Results: The HFpEF model was established by feeding Dahl/SS rats with high salt, showing risk factors such as hypertension, mitochondrial dysfunctions and so on. Physiological and biological measurements showed a decrease in the expression of mitochondrial function related genes, ATP production, and mitochondrial fission index in HFpEF. PINK1 knockout in H9C2 cardiomyocytes also showed the same effects. Moreover, PINK1 myocardium-specific overexpression to HFpEF rats activated the Drp1S616 phosphorylation and enhanced the mitochondrial fission to slow the progression of HFpEF. Conclusions: PINK1 can phosphorylate Drp1S616 to improve mitochondrial fission, relieve mitochondrial dysfunctions and slow the progression of HFpEF, which highlights the potential treatment of HFpEF.
Pathophysiology of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 mimics neoplastic cells, and long COVID-19 syndrome can be a Warburg effect and ACE-2 internalization consequence
Authors: Zanella Luiz Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Barros D'Elia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article develops a theory involving SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiological mechanisms based on an extensive literature review and is reinforced by two years of dealing with COVID-19 patients in different footage of the natural history of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the Warburg effect (W.E.), a well-described mechanism in neoplastic cells to obtain energy and substrates to enable cell growth. The W.E. is responsible for characteristic clinical and laboratory findings such as elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, uraemia, and acidosis, in addition to explaining why a specific profile of patients evolves into severe forms of the disease. This article also exposes a hypothesis for maintaining the inflammatory status after acute SARS-COV-2 infection, "The Long COVID-19 Syndrome". Assessment of the PubMed platform followed by evaluation of articles that supported issues regarding COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 AND AEROBIC GLYCOLISIS/WARBURG EFFECT. COVID-19 is a biphasic infectious disease (such as yellow fever) that causes tenacious immune-metabolic changes that impact the inflammatory status. The hyperlactatemia (type B) in COVID-19 is due to the metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis (W.E.), and it can differentiate chronic or acute COVID-19 inflammatory status from septic shock hyperlactatemia, especially when associated with negative cultures. This article sheds light on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and possibilities for treatment and improvement in the clinical management of patients affected by this severe and catastrophic disease. The COVID-19 signature is the Warburg effect + ACE-2 + innate response + hypoxia + phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Try) metabolism. The disease’s magnitude is directly proportional to the patient's exposure to hypoxia.
Effect of laser beam offset on dissimilar laser welding of tantalum to 304 stainless steel
Authors: Meng Xiangyi , Song Fan , Xia Hongbo , Chen Xi , Zhao Xiaoye , Chen Bo , Song Xiaoguo , Tan Caiwang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cylinders made of tantalum (Ta) and tubes made of 304 stainless steel (304SS) were successfully joined by laser welding under different offsets. The experimental results indicated that satisfactory weld formations were obtained. The fusion zone (FZ) was found to consist of the Fe-Cr solution and the Fe2Ta phase. In addition, the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer was generated at Ta/FZ interface. When the laser beam offset was -0.2 mm (0.2 mm laser beam offset on the 304 stainless steel side), the interfacial IMC consisted of Fe2Ta. Thicker IMC with the compositions of Fe2Ta+FeTa was generated at offsets of 0 mm (center) and +0.2 mm (0.2 mm laser beam offset on the Ta side). Numerical simulation results showed that the interfacial peak temperature would be increased when the laser beam offset from 304 stainless steel side to Ta side, which led to the thicker IMC and new generation of FeTa. The microhardness in the FZ also fluctuated since the FZ was composed of hard Fe2Ta and soft Fe-Cr solution. Tensile test results indicated that the highest value of 308.3 MPa was obtained under the laser beam offset of -0.2 mm.
Performance of a single-epoch GNSS integer least-squares ambiguity resolution in the coordinate domain as an ill-posed problem
Authors: Fischer Artur 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When a single-epoch observation set is processed, an instantaneous, precise GNSS positioning is an ill-posed problem. To deal with this ill-posed positioning problem, the integer-valued ambiguity parameters can be resolved in the coordinate domain to reduce the dimension of a search space. The ill-posed problem is then smoothed because the unknowns of n -dimensional search space are implicitly expressed in the constant three-dimensional space. So, the number of redundant data can now be large enough to perform integer ambiguity resolution. One of the methods which resolve integer ambiguities in the coordinate domain is the Modified Ambiguity Function Approach. This method searches discreetly for optimal integer-valued ambiguity parameters in the constant threedimensional space using the coordinate function. Due to the ill-conditioning of the single-epoch GNSS mathematical model, the weak approximate GNSS position and its variance-covariance matrix of poor properties still present the problem for well-performing instantaneous integer ambiguity resolution in the coordinate domain. The issue is stabilizing the single-epoch math model by regularization to improve localizing and shaping the search region in the three-dimensional space to contain the actual GNSS position more frequently, representing optimal ambiguities in the sense of integer-least squares principle. The innovation of this contribution is to improve the properties of a single-epoch approximate GNSS position and its variance-covariance matrix in the sense of meansquared error by regularizing real-valued ambiguity parameters. Thus, the float baseline solution conditioned on regularized float ambiguities is an indirectly regularized approximate GNSS position with the variance-covariance matrix of better precision. A regularized approximate position is promising because its overall accuracy increases thanks to the successful variance reduction. Despite the indirect regularization, an improved initial position is biased, resulting from the biased least-squares estimation. However, the optimal RP values obtained within the quality-based Mean-Squared Error criterion properly govern the contribution of variance reduction in the solution with the regularized bias. In the presence of bias, the regularized single-epoch integer least-squares estimator performs well in the context of correct integer ambiguity resolution in the coordinate domain.
Method of applying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for landslides identification in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Vanderhorst Hamlet Reynoso 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are tools for site recognition, 3D reconstruction, and inspections in risky areas. As manufacturers identify their multiple applications, significant improvements in hardware and software are made, transforming traditional workflows into a digital one. These workflows support the pre- and post-construction of buildings, houses, and infrastructures against the inflictions of natural or human-made disasters. In the Dominican Republic, the construction and maintenance of infrastructure projects are a continuous tasks carried out before natural events. However, the knowledge of “how”, the context, and effectiveness of the tool are still under development, generating techniques and approaches to solve problems easily and faster. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a case in which a human made landslide is evaluated utilising a UAV in contrast to complex site explorations. Three approaches were taken: (1) Images with GPS coordinates for infrastructure location, (2) 3D reconstruction for landslide site measurements and slope recognitions with contour lines, then, (3) videos of the site with 360° approach. 5 elements at risk were identified: houses, road, landslide zone, infrastructure proximity and school. The element evaluated was the landslide zone for identification of the cause. The findings showed that construction works of a bridge in the surroundings was the most remarkable factor that influenced the occurrence of a 60.82° and 52% slope in an average of the steep in the rotational landslide. Furthermore, the UAV was a useful tool for data acquisition.
Deep reinforcement learning based Adaptive Modulation for OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communication System
Authors: Cui Xuerong , Yan Peihao , Li Juan , Li Shibao , Liu Jianhang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to the time-varying and space-varying characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel, the communication process may be seriously disturbed. Thus, the underwater acoustic communication system is facing the challenges of alleviating interference and improving communication quality and communication efficiency through adaptive modulation. In order to select the optimal modulation mode adaptively and maximize the system throughput ensuring that the bit error rate (BER) meets the transmission requirements, this paper introduces deep reinforcement learning (DRL) into orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) acoustic communication system. The adaptive modulation is mapped into a Markov decision process with unknown state transition probability. Thereby, the underwater communication channel environment is regarded as the state of DRL, and the modulation mode is regarded as action. The system returns channel state information (CSI) and signal noise ratio (SNR) in every time slot through the feedback link. Because the Deep Q-Network (DQN) optimizes in the changing state space of each time slot, it is suitable for a variety of different CSI. Finally, simulations in different underwater environments (SWellEx-96) show that the proposed adaptive modulation scheme can obtain lower BER, and improve the system throughput effectively.
Identification and determination of malaria infection in asymptomatic person in endemic Area of Sistan &amp; Balouchistan Province, Iran
Authors: Mirahmadi Hadi , Khorashad Alireza Salimi , Yusefnia Hossein , Badirzadeh Alireza , Fallahi Shirzad , Azizi Seyed Ghader , Raeghi Saber , Barzegar Gholamreza , Solgi Rahmat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The presence of symptomless malaria infection in endemic areas and misdiagnosis can lead to failure in malaria eradication strategies. The present study was performed to assessment the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in the Saravan and Suran district, an endemic area of malaria infection in Sistan and Baluchistan Province (2019–2020) using microscopic methods, ELISA, RDT test, multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP. The samples (n = 525) were collected from asymptomatic person of Saravan and Suran district to assessment malaria infection by using microscopic, ELISA, RDT test, multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP techniques. The microscopic and RDT tests were negative for malaria infection. Based on the ELISA test, 2 and 26 out of 525 samples was positive for P. falciparum and P.vivax antigens, respectively. The multiplex nested-PCR and LAMP techniques could detect only 2 and 3 cases of P. vivax, respectively. To improve the sensitivity, specificity and high reliability of malaria removal, especially in endemic areas, all sensitive tools such as microscopy, RDT, LAMP and nested PCR should be used.
Hailstorms and rainstorms versus supercells - a regional analysis of convective storm types in the Alpine region
Authors: Feldmann Monika , Gabella Marco , Hering Alessandro , Berne Alexis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The behaviour of severe thunderstorms, particularly supercells, in complex terrain is still poorly understood. Utilising six years of radar-based thunderstorm data in the Swiss radar domain, we study different thunderstorm types in separate topographical regions. We classify the storms as ordinary thunderstorms, intense and severe rainstorms, hail and severe hailstorms and supercellular storms.
After identifying the overlaps between the storm categories of rainstorms, hailstorms and supercells, their intensity life cycles are investigated. This analysis allows the identification of predictors for intensification within severe storm life cycles. One of the most important predictors is the detection of a rotating mesocyclone in a supercell before the onset or intensification of hail.
We then divide the radar domain into sub-regions ranging from the Po Valley, the Southern Prealps, main Alpine ridge, Northern Prealps, Swiss Plateau and Jura. This regional split separates storms in different terrain complexities. An investigation of the intensity distribution of storms in each region shows a clear intensity decrease over the main Alpine ridge, intermediate values over the moderately complex Prealpine regions and peaks for the flat Po Valley and Swiss Plateau.