bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial differential equations with matricial coefficients and generalized translation operators
Authors: Mahmoud N. 
Published: July 2002

Let

Δ

α

\Delta _{\alpha }

be the Bessel operator with matricial coefficients defined on

(
0
,
∞
)

(0,\infty )

by

Δ

α

U
(
t
)
=
U
(
t
)
+

2
α
+
I

t

U
′

(
t
)

\begin{equation*}\Delta _{\alpha }U(t)=U(t)+\frac {2\alpha +I}{t}U’(t)\end{equation*}

where

α
\alpha

is a diagonal matrix and let

q
q

be an

n
×
n

n\times n

matrix-valued function. In this work, we prove that there exists an isomorphism

X
X

on the space of even

C

∞

{\mathcal C}^{\infty }

,

C

n

\mathbb {C}^n

-valued functions which transmutes

Δ

α

\Delta _{\alpha }

and

(

Δ

α

+
q
)

(\Delta _{\alpha }+q)

. This allows us to define generalized translation operators and to develop harmonic analysis associated with

(

Δ

α

+
q
)

(\Delta _{\alpha }+q)

. By use of the Riemann method, we provide an integral representation and we deduce more precise information on these operators.
An equivariant Brauer semigroup and the symmetric imprimitivity theorem
Authors: an Huef Astrid , Raeburn Iain , Williams Dana 
Published: July 2002

Suppose that

(
X
,
G
)

(X,G)

is a second countable locally compact transformation group. We let

S
G

⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {S}_G(X)

denote the set of Morita equivalence classes of separable dynamical systems

(
A
,
G
,
α
)

(A,G,\alpha )

where

A
A

is a

C

0

(
X
)

C_{0}(X)

-algebra and

α
\alpha

is compatible with the given

G
G

-action on

X
X

. We prove that

S

G

⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {S}_{G}(X)

is a commutative semigroup with identity with respect to the binary operation

[
A
,
G
,
α
]
[
B
,
G
,
β
]
=
[
A

⊗

X

B
,
G
,
α

⊗

X

β
]

[A,G,\alpha ][B,G,\beta ]=[A\otimes _{X}B,G,\alpha \otimes _{X}\beta ]

for an appropriately defined balanced tensor product on

C

0

(
X
)

C_{0}(X)

-algebras. If

G
G

and

H
H

act freely and properly on the left and right of a space

X
X

, then we prove that

S

G

⁡
(
X

/

H
)

\operatorname {S}_{G}(X/H)

and

S

H

⁡
(
G
∖
X
)

\operatorname {S}_{H}(G\setminus X)

are isomorphic as semigroups. If the isomorphism maps the class of

(
A
,
G
,
α
)

(A,G,\alpha )

to the class of

(
B
,
H
,
β
)

(B,H,\beta )

, then

A

⋊

α

G

A\rtimes _{\alpha }G

is Morita equivalent to

B

⋊

β

H

B\rtimes _{\beta }H

.
Degree-one maps between hyperbolic 3-manifolds with the same volume limit
Authors: Soma Teruhiko 
Published: July 2002

Suppose that

f
n

:

M
n

⟶

N
n

f_n:M_n\longrightarrow N_n

(
n
∈

N

)

(n\in {\mathbf N})

are degree-one maps between closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds with
\[

lim

n
→
∞

Vol
⁡
(

M
n

)
=

lim

n
→
∞

Vol

(

N
n

)
>
∞
.

\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty } \operatorname {Vol} (M_n)=\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }{\operatorname {Vol}}(N_n) >\infty .

\]
Then, our main theorem, Theorem 2, shows that, for all but finitely many

n
∈

N

n\in {\mathbf N}

,

f
n

f_n

is homotopic to an isometry. A special case of our argument gives a new proof of Gromov-Thurston’s rigidity theorem for hyperbolic 3-manifolds without invoking any ergodic theory. An example in §3 implies that, if the degree of these maps is greater than 1, the assertion corresponding to our theorem does not hold.
The multiplier ideals of a sum of ideals
Authors: Mustaţǎ Mircea 
Published: July 2002

We prove that if

a

_

\underline {\mathbf {a}}

,

b

_

⊆

O

X

\underline {\mathbf {b}}\subseteq \mathcal {O}_X

are nonzero sheaves of ideals on a complex smooth variety

X
X

, then for every

γ
∈

Q

+

\gamma \in {\mathbb Q}_+

we have the following relation between the multiplier ideals of

a

_

\underline {\mathbf {a}}

,

b

_

\underline {\mathbf {b}}

and

a

_

+

b

_

\underline {\mathbf {a}}+\underline {\mathbf {b}}

:

I

(
X
,
γ
⋅
(

a

_

+

b

_

)
)

⊆

∑

α
+
β
=
γ

I

(
X
,
α
⋅

a

_

)
⋅

I

(
X
,
β
⋅

b

_

)
.

\begin{equation*}\mathcal {I}\left (X,\gamma \cdot (\underline {\mathbf {a}}+ \underline {\mathbf {b}})\right )\subseteq \sum _{\alpha +\beta =\gamma } \mathcal {I}(X,\alpha \cdot \underline {\mathbf {a}})\cdot \mathcal {I}(X,\beta \cdot \underline {\mathbf {b}}).\end{equation*}

A similar formula holds for the asymptotic multiplier ideals of the sum of two graded systems of ideals.

We use this result to approximate at a given point arbitrary multiplier ideals by multiplier ideals associated to zero dimensional ideals. This is applied to compare the multiplier ideals associated to a scheme in different embeddings.
Existence of curves with prescribed topological singularities
Authors: Keilen Thomas , Tyomkin Ilya 
Published: July 2002

Throughout this paper we study the existence of irreducible curves

C
C

on smooth projective surfaces

Σ
\Sigma

with singular points of prescribed topological types

S

1

,
…
,

S

r

\mathcal S_1,\ldots ,\mathcal S_r

. There are necessary conditions for the existence of the type

∑

i
=
1

r

μ
(

S

i

)
≤
α

C
2

+
β
C
.
K
+
γ

\sum _{i=1}^r \mu (\mathcal S_i)\leq \alpha C^2+\beta C.K+\gamma

for some fixed divisor

K
K

on

Σ
\Sigma

and suitable coefficients

α
\alpha

,

β
\beta

and

γ
\gamma

, and the main sufficient condition that we find is of the same type, saying it is asymptotically proper. Ten years ago general results of this quality were not known even for the case

Σ
=

P

C

2

\Sigma =\mathbb P_{\mathbb C}^2

. An important ingredient for the proof is a vanishing theorem for invertible sheaves on the blown up

Σ
\Sigma

of the form

O

Σ
~

(

π
∗

D
−

∑

i
=
1

r

m
i

E
i

)

\mathcal O_{\widetilde {\Sigma }}(\pi ^*D-\sum _{i=1}^rm_iE_i)

, deduced from the Kawamata-Vieweg Vanishing Theorem. Its proof covers the first part of the paper, while the middle part is devoted to the existence theorems. In the last part we investigate our conditions on ruled surfaces, products of elliptic curves, surfaces in

P

C

3

\mathbb P_{\mathbb C}^3

, and K3-surfaces.
On the Faber coefficients of functions univalent in an ellipse
Authors: Haliloglu E. 
Published: July 2002

Let

E
E

be the elliptical domain
\[

E
=
{
x
+
i
y
:

x

2

(
5

/

4

)

2

+

y

2

(
3

/

4

)

2

>
1
}
.

E=\{x+iy: \frac {x^{2}}{(5/4)^{2}}+ \frac {y^{2}}{(3/4)^{2}}>1 \}.

\]
Let

S
(
E
)

S(E)

denote the class of functions

F
(
z
)

F(z)

analytic and univalent in

E
E

and satisfying the conditions

F
(
0
)
=
0

F(0)=0

and

F
′

(
0
)
=
1

F’(0)=1

. In this paper, we obtain global sharp bounds for the Faber coefficients of the functions

F
(
z
)

F(z)

in certain related classes and subclasses of

S
(
E
)
.

S(E).
The image of the 𝐵𝑃 Thom map for Eilenberg-MacLane spaces
Authors: Tamanoi Hirotaka 
Published: July 2002

Fundamental classes in

B
P

BP

cohomology of Eilenberg–Mac Lane spaces are defined. The image of the Thom map from

B
P

BP

cohomology to mod-

p
p

cohomology is determined for arbitrary Eilenberg–Mac Lane spaces. This image is a polynomial subalgebra generated by infinitely many elements obtained by applying a maximum number of Milnor primitives to the fundamental class in mod-

p
p

cohomology. This subalgebra in mod

p
p

cohomology is invariant under the action of the Steenrod algebra, and it is annihilated by all Milnor primitives. We also show that

B
P

BP

cohomology determines Morava

K
K

cohomology for Eilenberg–Mac Lane spaces.
Representation of functional information in the SWISS-PROT Data
Bank
Authors: L.Junker V. , Apweiler R. , Bairoch A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: Functional information in SWISS-PROT results, primarily, from assessment of articles reporting characterization. Predicted information is labeled with flags describing the evidence level (e.g. potential, probable, by similarity).
Availability: SWISS-PROT can be accessed via http://www.expasy.ch/sprotand http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/
Contact: junker@ebi.ac.uk
Modeling splice sites with Bayes networks
Authors: Cai Deyou , Delcher Arthur , Kao Ben , Kasif Simon 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: The main goal in this paper is to develop accurate probabilistic models for important functional regions in DNA sequences (e.g. splice junctions that signal the beginning and end of transcription in human DNA). These methods can subsequently be utilized to improve the performance of gene-finding systems. The models built here attempt to model long-distance dependencies between non-adjacent bases.
Results: An efficient modeling method is described which models biological data more accurately than a first-order Markov model without increasing the number of parameters. Intuitively, a small number of parameters helps a learning system to avoid overfitting. Several experiments with the model are presented, which show a small improvement in the average accuracy as compared with a simple Markov model. These experiments suggest that single long distance dependencies do not help the recognition problem, thus confirming several previous studies which have used more heuristic modeling techniques.
Availability: This software is available for download and as a web resource at http://www.ai.uic.edu/software
Contact: kasif@eecs.uic.edu
Microalbumin measurement alone or calculation of the albumin/creatinine ratio for the screening of hypertension patients?
Authors: Derhaschnig Ulla , Kittler Harald , Woisetschläger Christian , Bur Andreas , Herkner Harald , Hirschl Michael M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Background. Spot urine sampling seems to be a reliable screening method for the detection of microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients. It remains unclear whether microalbumin measurement alone or calculation of the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) are more reliable for the detection of microalbuminuria in non-selected hypertensive patients.
Methods. Following collection of a spot, midstream urine sample, urine was collected for 24 h for the measurement of microalbumin in 264 hypertensive patients. We compared microalbumin concentration in the spot urine with microalbumin measured in the 24-h urine sample and examined the utility of the ACR in evaluating microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients. Pathologic microalbuminuria was assumed when the microalbumin concentration exceeded 30 mg/l in the 24-h urine sample. Diagnostic performance is expressed in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).
Results. A total of 47 samples (17.8%) showed pathologic microalbuminuria in the 24-h urine sample. The diagnostic performance expressed as AUC was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.98) for microalbumin measurement alone and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89–0.97) for ACR. The PPV and NPV were 44.2 and 97.9% for microalbumin measurement alone. ACR revealed a PPV of 29.3% and a NPV of 96.2% for males and 42.9 and 98% for females, if a cut-off value of 2.5 mg/mmol for males and of 4.0 mg/mmol for females was used.
Conclusions. The ACR did not provide any advantage compared with microalbumin measurement alone, but requires an additional determination of creatinine and the use of gender-specific cut-off values. Therefore, measurement of microalbuminuria alone in the spot urine sample is more convenient in daily clinical practice and should be used as the screening method for hypertensive patients.
Functional and protein chemical characterization of the N‐terminal domain of the rat corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor 1
Authors: Hofmann Bernhard A. , Sydow Sabine , Jahn Olaf , Van Werven Lars , Liepold Thomas , Eckart Klaus , Spiess Joachim 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRat corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor 1 (rCRFR1) was produced either in transfected HEK 293 cells as a complex glycosylated protein or in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor kifunensine as a high mannose glycosylated protein. The altered glycosylation did not influence the biological function of rCRFR1 as demonstrated by competitive binding of rat urocortin (rUcn) or human/rat corticotropin‐releasing factor (h/rCRF) and agonist‐induced cAMP accumulation. The low production rate of the N‐terminal domain of rCRFR1 (rCRFR1‐NT) by transfected HEK 293 cells, was increased by a factor of 100 in the presence of kifunensine. The product, rCRFR1‐NT‐Kif, bound rUcn specifically (KD = 27 nM) and astressin (KI = 60 nM). This affinity was 10‐fold lower than the affinity of full length rCRFR1. However, it was sufficiently high for rCRFR1‐NT‐Kif to serve as a model for the N‐terminal domain of rCRFR1. With protein fragmentation, Edman degradation, and mass spectrometric analysis, evidence was found for the signal peptide cleavage site C‐terminally to Thr23 and three disulfide bridges between precursor residues 30 and 54, 44 and 87, and 68 and 102. Of all putative N‐glycosylation sites in positions 32, 38, 45, 78, 90, and 98, all Asn residues except for Asn32 were glycosylated to a significant extent. No O‐glycosylation was observed.
A partially folded intermediate conformation is induced in pectate lyase C by the addition of 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonate (ANS)
Authors: Kamen Douglas E. , Woody Robert W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAddition of 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) to acid‐denatured pectate lyase C (pelC) leads to a large increase in the fluorescence quantum yield near 480 nm. The conventional interpretation of such an observation is that the ANS is binding to a partially folded intermediate such as a molten globule. Far‐ultraviolet circular dichroism demonstrates that the enhanced fluorescence results from the induction of a partially folded protein species that adopts a large fraction of native‐like secondary structure on binding ANS. Thus, ANS does not act as a probe to detect a partially folded species, but induces such a species. Near‐ultraviolet circular dichroism suggests that ANS is bound to the protein in a specific conformation. The mechanism of ANS binding and structure induction was probed. The interaction of acid‐unfolded pelC with several ANS analogs was investigated. The results strongly indicate that the combined effects of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions account for the relatively high binding affinity of ANS for acid‐unfolded pelC. These results demonstrate the need for caution in interpreting enhancement of ANS fluorescence as evidence for the presence of molten globule or other partially folded protein intermediates.
Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione Carol M. , Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Cabana Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davidson Karina W. , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Kubik Martha , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Ruiz John M. , Silverstein Michael , Stevermer James , Wong John B. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceDepression is a leading cause of disability in the US. Children and adolescents with depression typically have functional impairments in their performance at school or work as well as in their interactions with their families and peers. Depression can also negatively affect the developmental trajectories of affected youth. Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is strongly associated with recurrent depression in adulthood; other mental disorders; and increased risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completion. Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among youth aged 10 to 19 years. Psychiatric disorders and previous suicide attempts increase suicide risk.ObjectiveTo update its 2014 and 2016 recommendations, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening, accuracy of screening, and benefits and harms of treatment of MDD and suicide risk in children and adolescents that would be applicable to primary care settings.PopulationChildren and adolescents who do not have a diagnosed mental health condition or are not showing recognized signs or symptoms of depression or suicide risk.Evidence AssessmentThe USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for MDD in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on screening for MDD in children 11 years or younger. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient on the benefit and harms of screening for suicide risk in children and adolescents owing to a lack of evidence.RecommendationThe USPSTF recommends screening for MDD in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for MDD in children 11 years or younger. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for suicide risk in children and adolescents. (I statement)
Exercise training alters autoimmune cell invasion into the brain in autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hamdi Liel , Nabat Hanan , Goldberg Yehuda , Fainstein Nina , Segal Shir , Mediouni Efrat , Asis Yarden , Touloumi Olga , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Katz Abram , Ben‐Hur Tamir , Einstein Ofira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms by which exercise training (ET) elicits beneficial effects on the systemic immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) in autoimmune neuroinflammation are not fully understood.ObjectivesTo investigate (1) the systemic effects of high‐intensity continuous training (HICT) on the migratory potential of autoimmune cells; (2) the direct effects of HICT on blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) properties.MethodsHealthy mice were subjected to high‐intensity continuous training (HICT) by treadmill running. The proteolipid protein (PLP) transfer EAE model was utilized to examine the immunomodulatory effects of training, where PLP‐reactive lymph‐node cells (LNCs) from HICT and sedentary donor mice were analyzed in vitro and transferred to naïve recipients that developed EAE. To examine neuroprotection, encephalitogenic LNCs from donor mice were transferred into HICT or sedentary recipient mice and the BBB was analyzed.ResultsTransfer of PLP‐reactive LNCs obtained from HICT donor mice attenuated EAE severity and inflammation in recipient mice. HICT markedly inhibited very late antigen (VLA)‐4 and lymphocyte function‐associated antigen (LFA)‐1 expression in LNCs. Transfer of encephalitogenic LNCs into HICT recipients resulted in milder EAE and attenuated CNS inflammation. HICT reduced BBB permeability and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 in CNS blood vessels.InterpretationHICT attenuates EAE development by both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. The reduction in destructive CNS inflammation in EAE is attributed to systemic inhibition of autoreactive cell migratory potential, as well as reduction in BBB permeability, which are associated with reduced VLA‐4/VCAM‐1 and LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 interactions.
Spontaneous Asymmetry of Chiral Magnetic Domains Within a Magnetic Field
Authors: Li Qian , Yang Mengmeng , Chen Gong , Yoon Han Gyu , Kwon Hee Young , Won Changyeon , Wang Tianye , Hwang Chanyong , Zhang Xixiang , Wu Yizheng , Schmid Andreas K. , Qiu Ziqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChiral magnetic domains are topological spin textures in which the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction assigns a given chirality to the domain walls. Notably, despite rapid progress in chiral magnetic research, one fundamental issue that remains unclear is how the chirality of chiral magnetic domains change as a magnetic field deforms the spin texture. Using spin‐polarized low energy electron microscopy, the evolution of Fe/Ni chiral magnetic stripe domains are investigated in single‐crystalline Fe/Ni/Cu/Co/Cu(001) multilayers in which the interlayer magnetic coupling between the Co and Fe/Ni films serves as an in‐plane magnetic field. Contrary to theoretical works, it is found that the chirality of the Néel walls results in a parallel alignment of the magnetic stripes with the in‐plane magnetic field direction. The transformation of chiral Néel walls into achiral Bloch walls can be precisely controlled by tuning the Cu spacer layer thickness. In addition, the domain wall exhibits a spontaneous asymmetry within the in‐plane magnetic field, leading to an unbalanced chirality between the left‐handed and right‐handed Bloch walls. These new results foster a better understanding of the chiral domain properties within a magnetic field.
Direct Presentation of Tumor‐Associated Antigens to Induce Adaptive Immunity by Personalized Dendritic Cell‐Mimicking Nanovaccines
Authors: Zhang Jie , Fan Biao , Cao Guoliang , Huang Wenping , Jia Fuhao , Nie Guangjun , Wang Hai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs)‐based vaccines are an approved method for inducing potent antigen‐specific immune responses to eliminate tumor cells. However, this promising strategy still faces challenges such as tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) loading, lymph node homing, quality control, and other limitations. Here, a personalized DC‐mimicking nanovaccine (nanoDC) for stimulation of TAAs‐specific T cell populations is developed. The nanoDCs are fabricated using nanoparticles with dendritic structure and membranes from mature bone‐marrow‐derived cells (BMDCs). Mature BMDCs are stimulated by nanostructures assembled from Escherichia coli and tumor cells to efficiently deliver TAAs and induce BMDCs maturation through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. By maintaining co‐stimulatory markers, molecules class I (MHC‐I) antigen complexes and lymphocyte homing receptors, nanoDCs efficiently migrate to lymph nodes and generate potent antigen‐specific T cell responses. Consequently, vaccination with nanoDCs strongly inhibits the tumor growth and metastases formation in vivo. In particular, nanoDCs can also induce memory T cells for long‐term protective immunity. This study demonstrates that nanoDCs can trigger adaptive immune protection against tumors for personalized immunotherapy and precision medicine.
Electron Beam as Straightener to De‐Wrinkle Large 2D Black Phosphorus Flake: An In Situ TEM Monitoring
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Tyagi Himanshu , Kundu Anirban , Kaur Baljeet , Raturi Mamta , Saini Jyoti , Hazra Kiran S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLarge area 2D nanomaterials are susceptible to the formation of surface corrugations during synthesis, transfer, and handling of samples and their physicochemical properties are extraordinarily affected by the formation of surface corrugations. Even though several strategies have been devised by researchers for smoothing the 2D flakes, the issue is far from resolved. Here, the straightening of black phosphorus (BP) flakes using electron beam irradiation that enables the removal of ripples, disclination, and line defects from lattice are reported. The crystallinity and buckling of the flake are controlled by varying the electron fluence rate and irradiation time in a high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy set‐up. Experimental results show that the optimal electron beam exposure (20 to 30 min of exposure at fluence rate = 1.02 × 1029 m−2 s−1) de‐stresses/relaxes the lattice and the maximum ordering of lattice planes is achieved; beyond which, the stress in lattice rises again and lattice planes start buckling. Thus, straightening the 2D flakes using an electron beam ensures the removal of surface corrugations with nanoscale precision and allows for real‐time monitoring of the process.