bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la especialización temprana en los deportes de equipo. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Benitez Fatou Carlos , Martín Barrero Alberto , Camacho Lazarraga Pablo 
Published: June 2022

The objective of this research was to find out the impact of sports programmes based on early specialisation on the chances of becoming an expert, the increased likelihood of suffering injuries and/or dropping out of sports practice in the development of young players in team sports. A systematic review was conducted, using the PRISMA statement to study and analyse the field of sport specialisation in team sports. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases, as well as other research sources. Finally, 54 potentially relevant studies were selected. The results indicate that early sport specialisation is linked to high injury rates and a higher risk of sport abandonment, which makes it a hindering element in the development of young athletes. In contrast, a varied sport practice can be a beneficial element for sport development, especially in young subjects whose participation in team sports is deeply linked to the level of interest and motivation they can generate.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la incidencia de los programas deportivos basados en la especialización temprana sobre las posibilidades de llegar a ser experto, la mayor posibilidad de sufrir lesiones y/o abandonar la práctica deportiva en el desarrollo de jóvenes jugadores en los deportes de equipo. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, donde se empleó la declaración PRISMA para estudiar y analizar al ámbito de la especialización deportiva en los deportes de equipo. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y Web of Science, así como en otras fuentes de investigación. Finalmente se seleccionaron 41 estudios potencialmente relevantes. Los resultados señalan que la especialización deportiva temprana está ligada a índices elevados de lesión y a un mayor riesgo de abandono deportivo, lo cual le convierte en un elemento obstaculizador en el desarrollo de los jóvenes deportistas. Una práctica deportiva variada puede suponer, en cambio, un elemento beneficioso para el desarrollo deportivo, especialmente en sujetos jóvenes cuya participación en los deportes de equipo está ligada profundamente al nivel de interés y motivación que estos le puedan generar.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS WITHIN THE INNOVATIVENESS ECOSYSTEM
Authors: GREBSKI Michalene Eva , CZERWIŃSKA Karolina , PACANA Andrzej 
Published: June 2022

The article contains a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of the individual components with in the innovativeness ecosystem. The aim of the study is to identify key performance indicators in the context of assessing the effectiveness of individual elements of the innovation network. A set of key performance indicators was developed for each of the six identified components of the innovativeness ecosystem in Northeastern Pennsylvania USA. The performance indicators were assessed using a qualitative method in the form of interviews with the key personnel and clients. The article also contains recommendations for managing an innovativeness network. The management of the innovativeness network needs to be based on leveraging strengths to maximize opportunities and minimize threats.
A Gender Analysis on the Involvement of Farmers in Rice-bean (Vigna umbellata) Production Activities in the Selected Regions of Nyanza, Kenya
Authors: George Finid Onyancha , Kariaga Mary Goretti , Palapla Valarie , Nandi O. M. J. 
Published: June 2022

Aim: Analyze gender relationships and farmers' involvement in rice-bean (Vigna ambellata) production activities in selected regions of Nyanza, Kenya.
Study Design: Ex post facto survey design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in selected regions of Siaya, Kisii, and Migori between August 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: Questionnaires and interviews were administered to collect information from 103 households; Kisii (18) Siaya (24) and Migori (61). Analysis was through the statistical package for social Scientist's version 26(SPSS; 26). ANOVA was used to determine the level of involvement by gender in rice-bean production, ordinal regression was used to determine the influence of gender on rice-bean production, and chi-square to determine the association between gender and rice-bean production.
Results: The response rate was 100% (N=103). Women were more involved in rice-bean production with a production index of 2.96 compared to men who had a production index of 2.39 translating to a significant association between gender and production activities (F=50.189, P-val=0.00<0.05). Gender influences rice-bean production by 61.3%. The chi-square test showed a significant association between gender and rice-bean production (P=0.001<0.05).
Conclusion: Gender influences the level of involvement in rice-bean production activities; efforts to revive rice beans may not be realized if the needs of male and female farmers are not treated separately in rice-bean production and priority is given to those that exhibit a high level of involvement. The article collaborates with the existing theory by Eagly on gender and division of labor based on stereotyping and societal nurturance to produce gender-specific roles. Efforts should be set up by the government through the Ministry of Agriculture in conjunction with other stakeholders to formulate policies to mainstream gender involvement in rice-bean production to unlock rice-bean potential. Provide certified seeds and extension education blended with rice-bean agronomic information.
Epidemiology of Pacemaker Implantation among Patients in Tanta University Hospitals
Authors: Ayed Mahmoud Mohamed , Nassar Mohamed Bayoumi , Naseem Mohamed , Badr Seham Fahmy 
Published: June 2022

Background: This study describes cardiac pacing activity during 2021: demographic data of patients underwent permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM), risk factors, clinical presentations, indications, mode of pacing, and complications post PPM implantation. Cardiac pacemakers have become the common treatment of symptomatic bradycardia or high-grade atrioventricular block.
Methods: The study was carried out at the department of cardiology Tanta University Hospitals. 102 patients were included in this study. This study was done over a period of six months from October 2020 until April 2021 and follow up for 6 months. All the data about the patients underwent permanent pacemaker implantation were collected by the coordinator in the participating cardiac center.
Results: The most frequent risk factors of PPM implantation was hypertension (69%), followed by diabetes mellitus (29%), coronary artery disease (21%), chronic kidney disease (18%), hypothyroidism (6%), cardiomyopathy (3%), valvular heart disease (2%) and congenital heart disease (1%). The most common indication is complete heart block (69%), followed by second degree heart block "mobeitz type 2" (13%), slow atrial fibrillation (7%), symptomatic heart failure patients with LVEF ≤ 35% , QRS ≥ 150 ms (6%), trifascicular block (3%), sick sinus syndrome (2%). The most frequent mode of pacing used in our study was DDD mode (63%), followed by VVI mode (32%) with (78%) sinus rhythm and (22%) atrial fibrillation rhythm, then CRT-D (4%). Overall complication rate (9%) within 6 months. In our study the most common complication is infection (5%), followed by haematoma (1%), lead fracture (1%), pneumothorax (1%), and lead displacement (1%).
Conclusion: Approximately three-quarters of the patients related to atrioventricular block underwent permanent pacemaker implantaion. Approximately more than half of pacemakers related to patients underwent permanent pacemaker implantation were dual chamber pacemakers. Infection is the most common complication in our study and this is important for strict infection control measures.
Retracted: Randomized clinical trial of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Fujii Y , Tanaka H , Kawasaki T 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The following article from the British Journal of Surgery, ‘Randomized clinical trial of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy’ by Y. Fujii, H. Tanaka, T. Kawasaki, published online in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01393.x/full) on 6 December 2002, and in Volume 87, Number 3 (March 2000), pages 285–288, has been retracted by agreement between the Joint Chief Editors Professor Derek Alderson and Mr Jonothan J. Earnshaw, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The retraction statement at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bjs.9108/full
Direct imaging of Si incorporation in GaAs masklessly grown on patterned Si
substrates
Authors: Grundmann M. , Christen J. , Bimberg D. , Hashimoto A. , Fukunaga T. , Watanabe N. 
Published: July 2002

The lateral variation of the emission energy of GaAs masklessly grown on V-grooved Si is imaged with cathodoluminescence wavelength imaging. This newly developed unique experimental approach allows, for the first time, to directly visualize and quantify the extreme homogeneity of this novel growth mode and the lateral variation of Si impurity incorporation in such semiconductor microstructures. It represents an essential characterization tool for micropatterned optoelectronic monolithic integrated circuits.
At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted effective 22 June 2023.
Apical Spectrin Is Essential for Epithelial Morphogenesis but Not Apicobasal Polarity in Drosophila
Authors: Zarnescu Daniela C. , Thomas Claire M. 
Published: July 2002

Changes in cell shape and position drive morphogenesis in epithelia and depend on the polarized nature of its constituent cells. The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is thought to be a key player in the establishment and/or maintenance of cell shape and polarity. We report that apical βHeavy-spectrin (βH), a terminal web protein that is also associated with the zonula adherens, is essential for normal epithelial morphogenesis of the Drosophila follicle cell epithelium during oogenesis. Elimination of βH by the karst mutation prevents apical constriction of the follicle cells during mid-oogenesis, and is accompanied by a gross breakup of the zonula adherens. We also report that the integrity of the migratory border cell cluster, a group of anterior follicle cells that delaminates from the follicle epithelium, is disrupted.
Elimination of βH prevents the stable recruitment of α-spectrin to the apical domain, but does not result in a loss of apicobasal polarity, as would be predicted from current models describing the role of spectrin in the establishment of cell polarity. These results demonstrate a direct role for apical (αβH)2-spectrin in epithelial morphogenesis driven by apical contraction, and suggest that apical and basolateral spectrin do not play identical roles in the generation of apicobasal polarity.
THE LUNAR CRATER COPERNICUS
Authors: Holden Edward S. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
An abridged reprint of a popular work by Holden which appeared in The Californian in 1892. Holden describes in a popular way the state of the art of lunar observation and science with a concentration on Copernicus and the Copernican ray system. Of substantially historical interest (Copernicus is thought to be of volcanic origin, etc).
High-speed solid-state thermal switches based on vanadium dioxide
Authors: R G Cope  , A W Penn  
Published: July 2002

Using the phase transformation at 68°C found in materials based on vanadium dioxide, devices exhibiting an S-type current-voltage characteristic have been produced. The characteristic has an unstable differential negative-resistance region which leads to fast switching (20 ns). Devices have been made by the fusion of mixtures of vanadium pentoxide with other oxides on to thin wires in a reducing atmosphere, by depositing vanadium dioxide particles between conductors using a dilute varnish suspension, and by reactive sputtering of vanadium in low oxygen pressures to give thin films.
Theoretical expectations based on a thermal explanation are in good agreement with the observed static and dynamic characteristics. A total cycle time of 700 ns has been obtained, most of which is derived from the turn-off time. On/off resistance ratios over 1000 have been observed.
The analysis of transients in pulsed LCR circuits with appreciable skin impedance
Authors: R D Medford  , M Pelovitz dagger  
Published: July 2002

An analytic procedure is developed for the calculation of current waveforms in pulsed LCR circuits for cases where the skin impedance cannot be neglected.
Design curves are given which enable current waveforms to be determined for circuits of interest in fusion and high magnetic field research. The paper includes worked examples of the use of the curves.
A new synthetic scattering kernel with applications in neutron transport theory
Authors: M M R Williams  
Published: July 2002

A new synthetic kernel, based on the secondary model of neutron scattering, is derived. The new model reproduces infinite-medium spectra in 1/v-poisoned media with considerable accuracy and behaves in many ways like a real, chemically bound moderator.
The eigenfunctions of the scattering operator defined by the new kernel are found to be Laguerre polynomials but, unlike the heavy gas model which also has Laguerre polynomial eigenfunctions, the eigenvalues have a limit point behaviour. This fact enables the space eigenvalues of the transport equation to assume a particularly useful form and overcomes the anomalous behaviour observed when the heavy gas model is employed.
The new kernel is more accurate than the heavy gas model, being valid for all values of moderator mass. It is also just as convenient from an analytical point of view, as illustrated by an example based on neutron diffusion in a temperature gradient.
A theoretical consideration of some defects in electron optical images. A formulation of the problem for the incoherent case
Authors: R A Crick  , D L Misell  
Published: July 2002

Expressions are derived for the resolution functions appropriate to chromatic and spherical aberration in electron microscopy. The resolution functions are given for the two components of the scattered electron beam (i.e. the elastic and inelastic components). The analysis given here for the elastic component is valid only in the case of incoherent radiation (i.e. using a large condenser aperture). The treatment of aberrations caused by inelastic scattering in the specimen assumes that the inelastically scattered radiation is incoherent, an assumption which is valid for amorphous specimens.Numerical results are presented for the angular distributions for plural elastic and inelastic electron scattering in `amorphous' carbon films. It is shown that the contribution of the inelastic scattering to the intensity scattered within the objective aperture (semi-angle in the range 10−3-10−2rad) exceeds the elastic scattering by an order of magnitude for film thicknesses in the range 50-2000 Å and for incident electrons of energy 100 keV. The variation of the electron energy loss spectrum of carbon with the angle of scattering is given. The angular and energy distributions are used to calculate the spherical, chromatic and combined aberration functions appropriate to carbon specimens of thickness 50-1000 Å and for 100 keV electrons. In the incoherent approximation, it is concluded that for carbonaceous materials, inelastic electron scattering dominates all resolution considerations; in particular the chromatic aberration effect due to the inelastic scattering is far more significant than the contribution from spherical aberration.The present treatment of aberrations would seem relevant to low voltage electron microscopy and to thick (about 1000 Å) films of carbonaceous materials at conventional voltages; in both these situations inelastic electron scattering determines the resolution attainable.
The determination of the optical constants of thin films from measurements of reflectance and transmittance at normal incidence
Authors: R E Denton  , R D Campbell  , S G Tomlin  
Published: July 2002

The derivation of the componentsnandkof the complex refractive index of a thin film from measurements, at normal incidence, of reflectanceRand transmittanceTis complicated by the existence of multiple solutions of the relevant equations. It is shown that, although use of Tomlin's expressions for (1 ±R)/Trather than Heavens's explicit formulae forRandTseparately simplifies the problem, it is still necessary to consider very carefully the multiple solutions. A procedure is given for determining the correct solutions fornandk, and also for accurately fixing the film thickness, provided that the film is a homogeneous single layer on a substrate.Some experimental results have not yielded to this treatment and in these cases it has been found necessary to assume the presence of a surface layer (often, but not necessarily, an oxide layer) and to make use of the equations in the preceding paper which relate to a double layer on a substrate. It is shown how this may be done in such a way as to obtain the correct dispersion curve for the material, together with its thickness, and that of the surface layer.
On the motion of small spheres in gases III. Drag and heat transfer
Authors: M M R Williams  
Published: July 2002

From the general theory of a previous paper, formulae have been developed for the rate of change of momentum and the rate of energy transfer due to collisions of gas atoms with a massive sphere. The sphere has arbitrary gas-surface interaction properties, but must be small compared with the mean free path of a gas atom.The drag coefficient, recovery temperature and modified Stanton number have been calculated for a number of surface scattering models including that of Kuscer and Cercignani. Results indicate that the type of surface can influence the integral parameters mentioned above to a considerable degree. It is also shown that the change in surface temperature of the sphere due to heat transfer can affect quite profoundly the drag forces at high Mach numbers. Neglect of these effects leads to an underestimate of the drag coefficientCDat high speeds of about 40%.The equations of motion for a spherical dust grain moving in interstellar gas are set up and solved in the high- and low-velocity limits. Some estimates of the slowing-down times and stopping distances for these particles are obtained, and an extension of the work to non-uniform atmospheres is discussed.
Optimization of pellet scenarios for long pulse fuelling to high densities at JET*
Authors: P.T. Lang  , B. Alper  , L.R. Baylor  , M. Beurskens  , J.G. Cordey  , R. Dux  , R. Felton  , L. Garzotti  , G. Haas  , L.D. Horton  , S. Jachmich  , T.T.C. Jones  , P.J. Lomas  , A. Lorenz  , M. Maraschek  , H.W. Müller  , J. Ongena  , J. Rapp  , M. Reich  , K.F. Renk  , R. Sartori  , G. Schmidt  , M. Stamp  , W. Suttrop  , E. Villedieu  , EFDA-JET Work Programme Collaborators  
Published: July 2002

Pellet injection was investigated for its fuelling capability to high densities in ELMy H mode discharges at JET. Applying the high field side launch system, optimized refuelling scenarios were developed on the basis of conventional discharge configurations withIp= 2.5 MA,Bt= 2.4 T, averaged triangularity ⟨δ⟩≈0.34 and mainly neutral beam heating at a level of approximately 17 MW. The accessible operational range was extended with respect to gas puff refuelling by the use of pellet injection. For example, H mode conditions could be maintained at densities beyond the Greenwald level. Plasma energy confinement was observed to become density independent at high densities. Deep pellet particle deposition made possible the uncoupling of edge and core density, allowing more peaked density profiles. When confinement deterioration due to pellet triggered MHD activity or parasitic pellet borne gas was avoided in appropriate pulse schedules, an enhanced particle inventory was achieved while maintaining the plasma pressure profile. In a technical assessment it was found that there is still room for further enhancement of the injection scenario by improved adaptation to high density plasma operation.
Transport barriers and bifurcation characteristics in stellarators
Authors: Akihide Fujisawa  
Published: July 2002

Transport barriers in the present stellarators are reviewed in comparison with those in tokamaks. Peculiarities of stellarator plasma structures are introduced in order to obtain a unified view of the barrier formation mechanism. Particular attention is paid to neoclassical (-driven) internal transport barriers that are commonly observed in stellarators. Discussion is made about important aspects of structural formation; e.g. the formation or bifurcation mechanism of radial electric field and its causal link with the transport barrier, and effects of magnetic field configuration on the barrier formation.
Unprecedented Wavelength Dependence of an Antimony Chalcohalide Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Nishikubo Ryosuke , Li Shaoxian , Saeki Akinori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe output of a photovoltaic (PV) device follows the Shockley diode equation, where its open‐circuit voltage (VOC) is marginally modulated by the photocurrent density and light intensity. Herein, an unprecedented wavelength‐dependent photovoltaic effect (WDPE) in antimony chalcoiodide (SbSI) and SbSI:Sb2S3 devices is reported, which demonstrate a rapid, reversible change of VOC by changing irradiation wavelength. The VOC in a SbSI:Sb2S3 device is varied from 0.35 to 0.47 V under 375 and 515 nm light without a change of photocurrent. Such a dramatic shift in VOC is not observed in silicon, perovskites, or organic solar cells. WDPE allows for a wavelength‐recognizable single‐junction photodetector without using a color filter, and is not explained by the conventional diode model. Based on the time‐resolved evaluations of charge carriers, the interfacial metastable trap of a hot carrier generated by short‐wavelength light as the origin of the observed anomalous behavior is identified. Interestingly, the trap states and photocurrent kinetics are affected by humidity and ammonium gas, which provide another multifunctional aspect of the WDPE. These findings provide deep insight into PV physics and a new way to detect color using a single cell.
A 3D Osteosarcoma Model with Bone‐Mimicking Cues Reveals a Critical Role of Bone Mineral and Informs Drug Discovery
Authors: González Díaz Eva C. , Lee Alex G. , Sayles Leanne C. , Feria Criselle , Sweet‐Cordero E. Alejandro , Yang Fan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone cancer for which survival has not improved over three decades. While biomaterials have been widely used to engineer 3D soft‐tissue tumor models, the potential of engineering 3D biomaterials‐based OS models for comprehensive interrogation of OS pathology and drug discovery remains untapped. Bone is characterized by high mineral content, yet the role of bone mineral in OS progression and drug response remains unknown. Here, a microribbon‐based OS model with bone‐mimicking compositions is developed to elucidate the role of 3D culture and hydroxyapatite in OS signaling and drug response. The results reveal that hydroxyapatite in 3D is critical to support retention of OS signaling and drug resistance similar to patient tissues and mouse orthotopic tumors. The physiological relevance of this 3D model is validated using four established OS cell lines, seven patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines and two animal models. Integrating 3D OS PDX models with RNA‐sequencing identified 3D‐specific druggable target, which predicts drug response in mouse orthotopic model. These results establish microribbon‐based 3D OS models as a novel experimental tool to enable discovery of novel therapeutics that would be otherwise missed with 2D model and may serve as platforms to study patient‐specific OS heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms.