bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caries Experience among Children with History of Neonatal Stunting
Authors: Yohana Siska , Indriyanti Ratna , Suryanti Netty , Rahayuwati Laili , Juniarti Neti , Setiawan Arlette S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective Children with neonatal growth retardation (defined as birth length <48cm) are at risk for chronic malnutrition that begins before birth and continues into infancy. Stunting can adversely affect a child's growth and development, including oral health itself, and especially the experience of dental caries. This study analyzed the dental caries experience in children with neonatal growth retardation.
Materials
and Methods This was a baseline and 1-year follow-up analysis of a cohort of stunted children in a potential stunting site in Bandung City. Annual data collection included interviews with mothers and dental and anthropometric examinations of children. Descriptive analysis was performed in SPSS.
Statistical Analysis Data were recorded on paper forms and manually entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for later analysis using IBM SPSS (version 23.0). After assessment, descriptive statistics was generated prior to bivariate analysis.
Results Fifty-five children met the inclusion criteria and participated in the 1-year study. Decay, missing, filling teeth (Dmft) was in the intermediate category (4.13) at baseline and fell into the high category (5.16) at 1-year follow-up, although the increase in caries remained in the low category.
Conclusion Dysplastic children with a history of neonatal developmental delay experience dental caries beginning in the first year of life and may become more severe later in life.
The sexual network and risky sexual behaviours among male migrant workers in China’s gender imbalance context
Authors: Zhao Min , Liu Huijun , Hai Lun , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2022

Background In the context of China’s gender imbalance and marriage squeeze, this study measured the overall characteristics of egocentric sexual networks, and examined the associations between sexual network characteristics and risky sexual behaviours, including commercial sex, concurrent partners and homosexual sex, among rural–urban male migrant workers. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on data obtained from 713 Chinese men (age ≥28 years) with rural household registration and who were migrants (or had rural–urban migration experience) in 2017. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between participants’ sexual network characteristics and risky sexual behaviours. Results Adjusting for participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, the sexual network variables of partner age, partner marital status, partner type and relationship stability were found to be significantly associated with commercial sex. Partner type and relationship stability were also associated with concurrent partners and homosexual sex. The network characteristics of male migrant workers not only differed by marital status, but the associations between sexual network characteristics and risky sexual behaviours were more pronounced among unmarried male migrant workers. Conclusions Overall, sexual networks with mixed patterns of partner age, partner marital status, partner type and relationship stability may explain the HIV transmission from male migrants to other populations at the population level. Future research should focus on the determinants of structured sexual networks, and be used to identify key groups at risk for cross-population HIV transmission and implement intervention measures.
Steady-state optoelectronic measurements of halide perovskites on a selective contact: a path to in-depth comprehension of their photovoltaic activity
Authors: Itzhak Anat , Keller David , Bendikov Tatyana , Kama Adi , Millo Oded , Balberg Isaac , Cahen David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most of the charge transport properties in halide perovskite (HaP) absorbers are measured by transient measurements with pulsed excitations; however, most solar cells in real life function in steady-state conditions. In contrast to working devices that include selective contacts, steady-state measurements need as high as possible photoconductivity (σph), which is typically restricted to the absorber alone. In this paper, we enabled steady-state charge transport measurement using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to grow a conformal, ultra-thin (∼4 nm) ZnO electron transport layer that is laterally insulating due to its thickness. Due to the highly alkaline behavior of the ZnO surfaces, it readily reacts with halide Perovskites. ALD process was used to form an Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) thin (∼2 nm) layer that passivates the ZnO-HaP interface. We show that the presence of the AlON layer prevents HaP degradation caused by the interaction with the ZnO layer, improves the HaP σph, and doubles the HaP carrier diffusion lengths.
200 mm silicon carbide bulk growth optimisation: mass transport controlled by a designed gas deflector
Authors: Tan Peng , Kang Wenyu , Yin Jun , Kang Junyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
200 mm silicon carbide bulk growth would be the mainstream in industrial production, but the difficulty of multiple physical fields control is increased with the larger diameter. In this study, a resistance heating based physical vapour transport system was established and explored for its appropriate parameters of multiple physical fields (such as thermal, velocity, flux and reaction components fields) by the COMSOL simulation. A combination of pressure at 5 torr and seed temperature of 2340 K was gained by taking the rate and homogeneity of in-plane growth into consideration. Furthermore, a gas deflector was designed to decrease the convection and to improve the homogeneity of mass transport. This gas deflector had the ability to enhance the quality and yield of 200 mm SiC crystal bulk. A high yield of 90.1% was achieved for the 200 mm part within the crystal thanks to this deflector (without the usage of the deflector was 38.5%). This work provides a useful tool and insights into the steps required for the optimisation of 200 mm or larger size SiC bulk growth.
Point-splitting regularization of the stress tensor of a coupling scalar field in de Sitter space
Authors: Ye Xuan , Zhang Yang , Wang Bo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We perform the point-splitting regularization
on the vacuum stress tensor of a coupling scalar field in de Sitter space
under the guidance from the adiabatically regularized Green's function.
For the massive scalar field with the minimal coupling ξ = 0,
the 2nd order point-splitting regularization
yields a finite vacuum stress tensor
with a positive, constant energy density,
which can be identified as the cosmological constant
that drives de Sitter inflation.
For the coupling ξ ≠ 0, we find that,
even if the regularized Green's function is continuous, UV and IR convergent,
the point-splitting regularization does not
automatically lead to an appropriate stress tensor.
The coupling ξ R causes log divergent terms,
as well as higher-order finite terms
which depend upon the path of the coincidence limit.
After removing these unwanted terms by extra treatments,
the 2nd-order regularization
for small couplings ξ ∈ (0,1/7.04),
and respectively the 0th-order regularization
for the conformal coupling ξ=1/6,
yield a finite, constant vacuum stress tensor, in analogy to the case ξ=0.
For the massless field with ξ = 0 or ξ = 1/6,
the point-splitting regularization
yields a vanishing vacuum stress tensor,
and there is no conformal trace anomaly for ξ = 1/6.
If the 4th-order regularization were taken,
the regularized energy density for general ξ would be negative,
which is inconsistent with the de Sitter inflation,
and the regularized Green's function would be singular at the zero mass,
which is unphysical.
In all these cases,
the stress tensor from the point-splitting regularization
is equal to that from the adiabatic one. We also discuss the issue of
the adequate order of regularization.
Effective treatment of U(1) gauge field and charged particles in axion inflation
Authors: Fujita Tomohiro , Kume Jun'ya , Mukaida Kyohei , Tada Yuichiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The axionic inflaton with the Chern-Simons coupling may generate U(1) gauge
fields and charged particles simultaneously. In order to incorporate the backreaction from the
charged particles on the gauge fields, we develop a procedure to obtain an equilibrium solution
for the gauge fields by treating the induced current as effective electric and magnetic
conductivities. Introducing mean field approximation, and numerically solving self-consistency
equations, we find that the gauge field amplitudes are drastically suppressed. Interestingly, as
the production becomes more efficient, the charged particles gain a larger part of the transferred
energy from the inflaton and eventually dominate it. Our formalism offers a basis to connect this
class of inflationary models to a rich phenomenology such as baryogenesis and magnetogenesis.
Chiral gravitational waves from thermalized neutrinos in the early Universe
Authors: Gubler Philipp , Yamamoto Naoki , Yang Di-Lun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate polarized gravitational waves generated by chiral fermions in the early Universe. In particular, we focus on the contribution from left-handed neutrinos in thermal equilibrium with finite temperature and chemical potential in the radiation dominated era. We compute the correlation functions of gravitational fields pertinent to the Stokes parameterVcharacterizing the circular polarization of gravitational waves in the Minkowski and expanding spacetime backgrounds. In the expanding universe, we find that the thermalized neutrinos induce a non-vanishingVlinear to the neutrino degeneracy parameter and wavenumber of gravitational waves in the long wavelength region. While the magnitude of the gravitational waves generated by thermal neutrinos is too small to be detectable by current and planned third generation gravitational wave detectors, their observations by future generation detectors for ultra-high frequency regimes could provide information on the neutrino degeneracy parameter in the early Universe.
LOCUST-GPU predictions of fast-ion transport and power loads due to ELM-control coils in ITER
Authors: Ward S.H. , Akers R. , Li L. , Liu Y.Q. , Loarte A. , Pinches S.D. , Polevoi A. R. , Vann R.G.L. , Van Zeeland M.A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The graphics processing unit (GPU) version of the Lorentz-orbit code for use in stellarators and tokamaks (LOCUST) has been applied to study the fast-ion transport and loss caused by resonant magnetic perturbations in the high-performance Q = 10 ITER baseline scenario. The unique computational efficiency of the code is exploited to calculate the impact of the application of ITER's edge-localised mode (ELM) control coil system on neutral beam heating efficiency, as well as producing detailed predictions of the resulting plasma-facing component power loads, for a variety of operational parameters—the applied fundamental toroidal mode number n
0, mode spectrum and absolute toroidal phase of the imposed perturbation. The feasibility of continually rotating the perturbations is assessed and shown to be effective at reducing the time-averaged power loads. Through careful adjustment of the relative phase of the applied perturbation in the three rows of coils, peak power loads are found to correlate with reductions in neutral beam injection (NBI) heating efficiency for n
0 = 3 fields. Adjusting the phase this way can increase total NBI system efficiency by approximately 2%–3% and reduce peak power loads by up to 0.43 MW m−2. From the point of view of fast-ion confinement, n
0 = 3 ELM control fields are preferred overall to n
0 = 4 fields. In addition, the implementation of 3D magnetic fields in LOCUST is also verified by comparison with the SPIRAL code for a DIII-D discharge with ITER-similar shaping and n
0 = 3 perturbation.
Does racism have inertia? A study of historic redlining’s impact on present-day associations between development and air pollution in US cities
Authors: Greiner Patrick Trent , McKane Rachel G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We explore how Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) scores of the 1930s impact 2010 and 2015 inhalable particulate matter (PM10) concentrations for 15,232 census tracts, clustered in 196 cities throughout the contiguous United States. Using areal apportionment, we assign a HOLC score to housing tracts and construct hierarchical linear models to examine the relationship between the policy practice of redlining, PM pollution, and urban economic development. We find that redlining is associated with higher PM10 concentrations, and that higher HOLC grades also intensify the association of per capita income, median rent, median home values, and racial composition with PM10. These findings suggest that historical policy programs that were grounded in racial logics—such as the HOLC practice of ‘redlining’—have an inertia that results in them influencing development pathways and environmental outcomes of built environments for decades.
Near dry turning of EN8 and EN31 steel: multi-objective optimization using grey relational analysis
Authors: Mian Tauheed , Mago Jonty , Shaikh Mohd Bilal Naim , Ali Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Steel is the most commonly employed material in various engineering applications, and their successful machining demands finding the optimized set of machining parameters along with appropriate cooling strategies. Moreover, the significance of process parameter optimization is progressively perceived in the wake of expensive CNC machine adaptation on the shop floor for machining. Further, a competent cooling strategy is essential with a minimal amount of coolant to obtain the best quality products. In the present work, the optimization of process parameters for Near Dry Turning (NDT) of two steel grades, EN8 and EN31, was done. NDT utilizes a minimal coolant with a major amount of compressed air. For competent cooling, Al2O3 nanofluid as coolant was used with compressed air. Speed, feed, and depth of cut were taken as the machining parameters for the turning process. Two response variables, the surface roughness of machined specimen and cutting zone temperature, were considered for the analysis. Three levels of each turning parameter were chosen, and the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was adopted for the experimentation. The optimized turning parameter was found through the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Further, the applicability of compressed air was also presented to achieve sustainable and green machining to eliminate the negative impact on environmental footprints. For this purpose, results at the obtained optimized set of parameters were compared with plain base fluid and compressed dry air as coolants. The reduction in surface roughness of ∼12.3% and ∼14.6% for EN8 and EN31 steel were observed using nanofluid in near dry turning. Similarly, the reduction in cutting zone temperature was ∼7% in both cases. These results show the significance of process parameter optimization and the applicability of nanofluid in near dry turning of steels.
Mineralogy, fabric and deformation domains in D″ across the southwestern border of the African LLSVP
Authors: Pisconti Angelo , Creasy Neala , Wookey James , Long Maureen D , Thomas Christine 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYRecent advances in seismic anisotropy studies that jointly use reflections and shear wave splitting have proven to place tight constraints on the plausible anisotropic and deformation scenarios in the D″ region. We apply this novel methodology to a large area of the D″ region beneath the South Atlantic, in proximity to and within the African large low seismic velocity province (LLSVP). This area of the mantle is characterized by a transition from fast to slow seismic velocity anomalies and it is thought to be the location of deep-seated plumes responsible for hotspot volcanism. Attempting to probe mantle composition and deformation along the LLSVP borders may provide key information on mantle dynamics. By analysing seismic phases sampling this region, we detect a D″ discontinuity over a large area beneath the South Atlantic, with inferred depth ranges ∼170 to ∼240 km above the core–mantle boundary. We find evidence for a D″ reflector within the area of the LLSVP. Shear wave splitting observations suggest that anisotropy is present in this region of the mantle, in agreement with previous studies that partially sampled this region. We model the observations considering lattice- and shape-preferred orientation of materials expected in the D″ region. A regional variation of mineralogy, phase transition boundaries, and deformation direction is required to explain the data. We infer two distinct domains of mineralogy and deformation: aligned post-perovskite outside the LLSVP and aligned bridgmanite within the LLSVP. The scenario depicted by this study agrees well with the current hypotheses for the composition of the LLSVP and with the prevalence of vertical deformation directions expected to occur along the LLSVPs borders.
Does public health education improve migrant workers’ health status in China?—evidence from China Migrants Dynamic Survey
Authors: Zhu Zhong-kun , Leng Chen-xin , Chen Shu-long , Zheng Yu-xuan , Chen Dan-qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of public health education (PHE) on migrant workers’ health status in China, using the data collected from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey project. The analysis employs a probit model, whose results suggest that, in general, PHE has a statistically significant and positive impact on migrant workers’ self-rated health status and exerts a negative impact on their incidence rate of daily diseases. We also utilize the conditional mixed process method to address the potential endogenous issue. Further analyses reveal that there are significant differences in the impacts of different modes of PHE on migrant workers’ health status, among which the mode of health knowledge lectures plays the most prominent role. Nonetheless, an additional analysis indicates that in addition to PHE, other public health services, such as the establishment of health records, also have a significant effect on the promotion of migrant workers’ health status. A disaggregated analysis reveals that this impact is heterogeneous among different generations, genders as well as those with different income levels. The findings shed light on the importance of promoting equal access to public health services.
Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex and Differential Effects of Acute and Chronic Stress on Motor Impulsivity Measured With 1-Choice Serial Reaction Time Test in Male Rats
Authors: Girotti Milena , Carreno Flavia R , Morilak David A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in motor impulsivity, that is, the inability to inhibit a prepotent response, are frequently observed in psychiatric conditions. Several studies suggest that stress often correlates with higher impulsivity. Among the brain areas affected by stress, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is notable because of its role in impulse control. OFC subregions with unique afferent and efferent circuitry play distinct roles in impulse control, yet it is not clear what OFC subregions are engaged during motor impulsivity tasks.MethodsIn this study we used a rodent test of motor impulsivity, the 1-choice serial reaction time test, to explore activation of OFC subregions either during a well-learned motor impulsivity task or in a challenge task with a longer wait time that increases premature responding. We also examined the effects of acute inescapable stress, chronic intermittent cold stress and chronic unpredictable stress on motor impulsivity.ResultsFos expression increased in the lateral OFC and agranular insular cortex during performance in both the mastered and challenge conditions. In the ventral OFC, Fos expression increased only during challenge, and within the medial OFC, Fos was not induced in either condition. Inescapable stress produced a transient effect on premature responses in the mastered task, whereas chronic intermittent cold stress and chronic unpredictable stress altered premature responses in both conditions in ways specific to each stressor.ConclusionsThese results suggest that different OFC subregions have different roles in motor impulse control, and the effects of stress vary depending on the nature and duration of the stressor.
Nuclear Stigma and Deviance in Global Governance: A New Research Agenda
Authors: Saha Aniruddha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn contemporary times, scholars have increasingly turned to the research on norms to study behavior and identity transformation in international politics. This has led to understanding stigma as attached to global actors refusing to follow normatively shared expectations of social conduct. However, the field of nuclear politics has largely ignored this research in particularly identifying how noncompliant states manage their stigmatized identities, after engaging in acts of nuclear deviance against hegemonic norms. By combining and advancing the existing literature on international political sociology, constructivist approaches in international relations theory, and nuclear governance, this paper first argues that stigma should be understood as a position of relational power dynamics that recalcitrant states occupy in contesting dominant norms. Second, it conceptualizes a new category of stigma management as stigma redaction, whereby noncompliant nuclear states occasionally engage in corrective conduct to prevent their identities being permanently cemented as rogue by dominant powers. To contextualize both these arguments, this paper examines the empirical case of India's relationship with the United States, post India's nuclear test in 1974. In doing so, it furthers our understanding of sociological deviance in international politics through an interdisciplinary lens and contributes to the field of international security studies.
Transnational Advocacy, Norm Regress, and Foreign Compliance Constituencies: The Case of the “Comfort Women” Redress Movement
Authors: Kim Claudia Junghyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The literature at the intersection of global norms and transnational advocacy typically equates target states’ foreign constituencies with those exerting normative pressure on the states in question on behalf of their domestic constituencies. Another type of foreign constituency remains undertheorized: foreign nationals as rights claimants who make normative claims against target states, such as victims of colonization seeking redress or refugees demanding their rights protection. I argue that states, including robust democracies otherwise well socialized into global norms, respond differently to compliance pressures from these two types of foreign compliance constituencies. In what I call dual norm dynamics, states may regress in their norm practices when it comes to foreign claimants while at the same time deepening their normative commitments to the international community as a whole. In an unintended consequence of norm diffusion, norm regress in target states for foreign claimants may occur as a result of successful transnational norm advocacy on their behalf. To demonstrate the empirical utility of dual norm dynamics, I look at the transnational redress movement for Korean “comfort women.”