bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Hip Fracture on Geriatric Care and Mortality Among Older Swedes: Mapping Care Trajectories and Their Determinants
Authors: Meyer Anna C , Ebeling Marcus , Drefahl Sven , Hedström Margareta , Ek Stina , Sandström Glenn , Modig Karin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we examined the impact of hip fractures on trajectories of home care, nursing home residence, and mortality among individuals aged 65 years or more and explored the impacts of living arrangements, cohabitation, frailty, and socioeconomic position on these trajectories. Based on a linkage of nationwide Swedish population registers, our study included 20,573 individuals with first hip fracture in 2014–2015. Care trajectories during the 2 years following the fracture were visualized and compared with those of 2 hip-fracture–free control groups drawn from the general population: age- and sex-matched controls and health-matched controls identified through propensity score matching. Multistate modeling was employed to identify sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with care trajectories among hip fracture patients. We found that hip fracture patients already had worse health than the general population before their fracture. However, when controlling for prefracture health, hip fractures still had a considerable impact on use of elder-care services and mortality. Comparisons with the health-matched controls suggest that hip fractures have an immediate, yet short-term, impact on care trajectories. Long-term care needs are largely attributable to poorer health profiles independent of the fracture itself. This emphasizes the importance of adequate comparison groups when examining the consequences of diseases which are often accompanied by other underlying health problems.
It’s Time We Looked Under the Hood: An In-Depth Examination of Five Public California Area Agencies on Aging
Authors: Gallo Haley B , Marnfeldt Kelly Ann , Navarro Adria E , Wilber Kathleen H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
As the older adult population grows, it is important to understand the effectiveness of service delivery systems that support aging in place. Studying service delivery processes and organizational structures of Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) is essential for future efforts to understand service delivery outcomes and innovations.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted site visits with 5 government-run California AAAs. We used a template and constant comparative analysis to analyze transcripts from site visits and focus groups with key informants.

Results
AAA representatives discussed how their organizational structure was related to (a) which services and programs they provided; (b) administrative cost savings and access to funding sources; (c) inter- and intra-agency coordination; and (d) visibility among clients and community partners.

Discussion and Implications
These findings can be used to guide decisions surrounding how changes in AAA structure may affect funding, coordination, service delivery, and visibility, among other factors. Consolidating the AAA with other departments and programs facilitates coordination and shared administrative costs, yet consolidation may reduce standalone AAAs’ visibility and ability to innovate. AAA structure should be tailored to fit community resources, local government organization, and the needs of older residents.
The dorsal hippocampal CA3 regulates spatial reference memory through the CtBP2/GluR2 pathway
Authors: Han Jia‐Xuan , Wen Chen‐Xi , Sun Rui , Tang Meng‐Yu , Li Xiao‐Ming , Lian Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dorsal hippocampus plays a pivotal role in spatial memory. However, the role of subregion‐specific molecular pathways in spatial cognition remains unclear. We observed that the transcriptional coregulator C‐terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) presented CA3‐specific enrichment in expression. RNAi interference of CtBP2 in the dorsal CA3 (dCA3) neurons, but not the ventral CA3 (vCA3), specifically impaired spatial reference memory and reduced the expression of GluR2, the calcium permeability determinant subunit of AMPA receptors. Application of an antagonist for GluR2‐absent calcium permeable AMPA receptors rescued spatial memory deficits in dCA3 CtBP2 knockdown animals. Transcriptomic analysis suggest that CtBP2 may regulate GluR2 protein level through post‐translational mechanisms, especially by the endocytosis pathway which regulates AMPA receptor sorting. Consistently, CtBP2 deficiency altered the mRNA expression of multiple endocytosis‐regulatory genes, and CtBP2 knockdown in primary hippocampal neurons enhanced GluR2‐containing AMPA receptor endocytosis. Together, our results provide evidence that the dCA3 regulates spatial reference memory by the CtBP2/GluR2 pathway through the modulation of calcium permeable AMPA receptors.
Evaluating the association between amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles and different levels of coronary artery disease risk in postmenopausal women using targeted metabolomics technique
Authors: Hosseinkhani Shaghayegh , Emamgholipour Solaleh , Salari Pooneh , Khalagi Kazem , Shirani Shapour , Najjar Niloufar , Larijani Bagher , Pasalar Parvin , Razi Farideh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Postmenopausal women are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Metabolomic approaches aim at discovering more helpful biomarkers of CAD to reduce the disease burden in the future. Here, we intend to find potential blood biomarkers, amino acids, and acylcarnitines in postmenopausal women with different severity of CAD by using high-throughput methods.

Method
This cross-sectional study was performed on postmenopausal women (n = 183) who underwent coronary CT scans. Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) was assessed to detect plaque burden and degree of coronary artery obstruction. The participants were divided into three groups based on the score as follows (i) “low CACS” (n = 96); a score of 0 to 10, (ii) “medium CACS” (n = 35); a score between 11 and 100 and (iii) “high CACS” (n = 52); a score greater than 100. Metabolites, including amino acids and acylcarnitines, were quantified using a targeted mass spectrometry method in serum samples. The association between metabolites and disease status was evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analyses with adjustment for confounding factors. Factor analysis was used to deal with multiple comparisons.

Results
Metabolites, including proline, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine, were significantly lower in the high CACS group than the low CACS one. Also, a lower level of lysine and phenylalanine in high CACS compared with medium one was observed. Concerning acylcarnitines, it was found that C4 and C8:1 significantly were higher in women with high CACS. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the circulating levels of these metabolites (except C4) were associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification independently of age, body mass index, and time of menopause. Also, the amino acids were associated independently of medication and diabetes.

Conclusions
The present study indicated that circulating levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines profile in postmenopausal women are partly associated with the severity of CAD in these participants.
Changes in serum endogenous estrogen concentrations are mediators of the effect of low-dose oral estradiol on vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E. , Larson Joseph C. , Guthrie Katherine A. , Crandall Carolyn J. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Reed Susan D. , Bhasin Shalender , Mitchell Caroline M. , Joffe Hadine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to quantify changes in serum total estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) concentrations with initiation of low-dose oral estradiol treatment and evaluate whether changes in concentrations mediate the effect of treatment in reducing vasomotor symptom (VMS) frequency.

Methods
We analyzed baseline and week 8 (W8) data from 171 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with VMS enrolled in low-dose 17β estradiol (n = 72) and placebo (n = 99) groups of a randomized clinical trial.

Results
From baseline to W8, women in the low-dose estradiol group had a fourfold increase in E2, resulting in a W8 E2 of 23 pg/mL, and a fivefold increase in E1, resulting in a W8 E1 of 110.7 pg/mL. In contrast, E2 and E1 among women in the placebo group were unchanged from baseline to W8. Changes in E2 and E1 from baseline to W8 met criteria for mediating the effect of low-dose estradiol treatment on VMS frequency. With change in estrogen concentration added to treatment assignment in a regression model predicting W8 VMS frequency, the effect of treatment with low-dose estradiol versus placebo was attenuated, with change in E2 representing a 44.1% reduction (P = 0.03) and change in E1 representing a 69.5% reduction (P = 0.02) in total intervention effect.

Conclusion
Among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with VMS, treatment with low-dose oral estradiol versus placebo results in four- to fivefold increases in serum E2 and E1. The increases in serum E2 and E1 with low-dose oral estradiol treatment seem to mediate in part the effect of treatment in reducing VMS frequency.
Cochlear and Vestibular Volumes in Inner Ear Malformations
Authors: Breitsprecher Tabita M. , Pscheidl Alexander , Bächinger David , Volkenstein Stefan , Dhanasingh Anandhan , Van Rompaey Vincent , Mlynski Robert , Dazert Stefan , Van de Heyning Paul , Langner Sönke , Roland Peter , Weiss Nora M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective

A “gold standard” for quantitatively diagnosing inner ear malformations (IEMs) and a consensus on normative measurements are lacking. Reference ranges and cutoff values of inner ear dimensions may add in distinguishing IEM types. This study evaluates the volumes of the cochlea and vestibular system in different types of IEM.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort.

Setting
Tertiary academic center.

Patients
High-resolution CT scans of 115 temporal bones (70 with IEM; cochlear hypoplasia [CH]; n = 19), incomplete partition (IP) Types I and III (n = 16), IP Type II with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (Mondini malformation; n = 16), enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (n = 19), and 45 controls.

Interventions
Volumetry by software-based, semiautomatic segmentation, and 3D reconstruction.

Main Outcome Measures
Differences in volumes among IEM and between IEM types and controls; interrater reliability.

Results
Compared with controls (mean volume, 78.0 mm3), only CH showed a significantly different cochlear volume (mean volume, 30.2 mm3; p < 0.0001) among all types of IEM. A cutoff value of 60 mm3 separated 100% of CH cases from controls. Compared with controls, significantly larger vestibular system volumes were found in Mondini malformation (mean difference, 22.9 mm3; p = 0.009) and IP (mean difference, 24.1 mm3; p = 0.005). In contrast, CH showed a significantly smaller vestibular system volume (mean difference, 41.1 mm3; p < 0.0001). A good interrater reliability was found for all three-dimensional measurements (ICC = 0.86–0.91).

Conclusion
Quantitative reference values for IEM obtained in this study were in line with existing qualitative diagnostic characteristics. A cutoff value less than 60 mm3 may indicate an abnormally small cochlea. Normal reference values for volumes of the cochlea and vestibular system may aid in diagnosing IEM.
Relationship Between Intraoperative Electrocochleography Responses and Immediate Postoperative Bone Conduction Thresholds in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Saoji Aniket A. , Graham Madison K. , Adkins Weston J. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Neff Brian A. , Carlson Matthew L. , Driscoll Colin L. W. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To determine the relationship between intraoperative electrocochleography (ECochG) measurements and residual hearing preservation after cochlear implant (CI) surgery by comparing differences between preoperative and immediate postoperative bone conduction thresholds.

Study Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary academic referral center.

Patients
Sixteen patients with preoperative residual hearing and measurable (no-vibrotactile) bone conduction thresholds at 250 and/or 500 Hz who underwent cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measure
Intraoperative ECochG and air and bone conduction thresholds.

Results
Nine patients showed no significant drop (<30%) in ECochG amplitude during CI surgery with an average preoperative and immediate postoperative BC threshold of 46 and 39 dB HL, respectively, at 500 Hz. Seven patients with a decrease in ECochG amplitude of 30% or greater showed an average preoperative 500 Hz BC threshold of 32 dB HL and immediate postoperative threshold of 55 dB HL. Air and bone conduction thresholds measured approximately 1 month after CI surgery show delayed-onset of hearing loss across our study patients.

Conclusions
A small decrease (<30%) in difference response or cochlear microphonics amplitude correlates with no significant changes in immediate postoperative residual hearing, whereas patients who show larger changes (≥30%) in difference response or cochlear microphonics amplitude during intraoperative ECochG measurements show significant deterioration in BC thresholds. This study reveals the necessity of prompt postoperative bone conduction measurement to isolate the intraoperative cochlear trauma that may be detected during intraoperative ECochG measurements. Although delayed postoperative audiometrics represent longer-term functional hearing, it includes the sum of all postoperative changes during the recovery period, including subacute changes after implantation that may occur days or weeks later. Measuring air and bone conduction thresholds immediately postoperatively will better isolate factors influencing intraoperative, early postoperative, and delayed postoperative hearing loss. This will ultimately help refine surgical technique, device design, and highlight the use of intraoperative ECochG in monitoring cochlear trauma during CI surgery.
Endoscopic Medial Reepithelization for Inflammatory Canal Stenosis
Authors: Scaria Sonia M. , Tward Aaron D. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Inflammatory external auditory canal (EAC) Stenosis arises from infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema and eventual sclerosing of the medial EAC, leading to complete obstruction and conductive hearing loss. Current treatment includes surgical resection of the affected area with widening and reepithelization of the EAC via postauricular incision, but the condition is reported to recur with high frequency. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of endoscopic transcanal treatment as an alternative to postauricular canalplasty and understand its effect on recurrence rates.

Study Design
Retrospective case review.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Four patients were included who had bilateral conductive hearing loss and inflammatory canal stenosis, all with gross thickening of the tympanic membrane.

Interventions
Patients underwent endoscopic removal of obstructive tissue and reepithelization with split-thickness skin grafting.

Main Outcome Measures
Postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), lack of recurrence, subjective reporting of hearing improvement, and lack of drainage.

Results
Eight of 8 ears (n = 4 patients) had significant improvement in hearing. No recurrence has been observed in any of the patients over a mean follow-up time of 90 months (range, 42–189 mo). Average reduction in ABG was 13.40 dB (SD = 9.0 dB) with a statistically significant difference between the pure tone average preoperative and postoperative ABG (p = 0.0008; n = 7).

Conclusions
Endoscopic treatment of Inflammatory EAC stenosis obviates the need for postauricular incision and results in clinical improvement with a favorable recurrence rate.
How the Past Shapes the Future and What to Do About It: A Discussion at CI 2021 Virtual With Panelists: Teresa Caraway, Ph.D., C.C.C.-S.L.P.; Cliff Megerian, M.D.; Debara Tucci, M.D., M.S., M.B.A.; Peter Thomas, J.D.; Jason Wigand, Au.D.
Authors: Francis Howard W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
This report summarizes the highlights of a lively discussion between leaders in the cochlear implant (CI) field who also bring significant leadership experience at the practice and health system levels, as well as policy and research perspectives. The discussion revealed several areas in which established patterns of practice should be reconsidered to facilitate wider acceptance of the CI as part of an integrated continuum of hearing healthcare. The importance of continued innovation to advance outcomes, lower cost, and increase access was emphasized. Trends in healthcare funding, which increasingly reward quality at lower cost, will also challenge longstanding assumptions that have influenced program design. Proactive efforts that pursue consistent value in the episode of surgical care while establishing innovative delivery models for audiological and rehabilitation services are the best hope for a future of equitable access and expanding impact.
Modernizing the Objectives and Organization of Case Investigation and Contact Tracing for the 21st Century
Authors: Golden Matthew R. , Narita Masahiro , Jones Lucretia , Kerndt Peter , Duchin Jeffery 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Case investigation and contact tracing (CICT) is a longstanding cornerstone of public health disease control efforts for a wide array of communicable diseases, though the content of CICT varies substantially depending on the infection to which it is applied, the epidemiologic circumstances, and interventions available to control an epidemic. In this article, we discuss how CICT is currently used in public health communicable disease, sexually transmitted infection/human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis control programs. We then review how CICT might be modernized, considering issues such as community and health care organization engagement, workforce development, public health program organizational structure, data information systems, case prioritization, and the content to CICT.
Estimation of age-stratified contact rates during the COVID-19 pandemic using a novel inference algorithm
Authors: Pooley Christopher M. , Doeschl-Wilson Andrea B. , Marion Glenn 
Published: August 2022

Well parameterized epidemiological models including accurate representation of contacts are fundamental to controlling epidemics. However, age-stratified contacts are typically estimated from pre-pandemic/peace-time surveys, even though interventions and public response likely alter contacts. Here, we fit age-stratified models, including re-estimation of relative contact rates between age classes, to public data describing the 2020–2021 COVID-19 outbreak in England. This data includes age-stratified population size, cases, deaths, hospital admissions and results from the Coronavirus Infection Survey (almost 9000 observations in all). Fitting stochastic compartmental models to such detailed data is extremely challenging, especially considering the large number of model parameters being estimated (over 150). An efficient new inference algorithm ABC-MBP combining existing approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methodology with model-based proposals (MBPs) is applied. Modified contact rates are inferred alongside time-varying reproduction numbers that quantify changes in overall transmission due to pandemic response, and age-stratified proportions of asymptomatic cases, hospitalization rates and deaths. These inferences are robust to a range of assumptions including the values of parameters that cannot be estimated from available data. ABC-MBP is shown to enable reliable joint analysis of complex epidemiological data yielding consistent parametrization of dynamic transmission models that can inform data-driven public health policy and interventions.This article is part of the theme issue 'Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these'.
Heterogeneity in the onwards transmission risk between local and imported cases affects practical estimates of the time-dependent reproduction number
Authors: Creswell R. , Augustin D. , Bouros I. , Farm H. J. , Miao S. , Ahern A. , Robinson M. , Lemenuel-Diot A. , Gavaghan D. J. , Lambert B. C. , Thompson R. N. 
Published: August 2022

During infectious disease outbreaks, inference of summary statistics characterizing transmission is essential for planning interventions. An important metric is the time-dependent reproduction number (Rt), which represents the expected number of secondary cases generated by each infected individual over the course of their infectious period. The value ofRtvaries during an outbreak due to factors such as varying population immunity and changes to interventions, including those that affect individuals' contact networks. While it is possible to estimate a single population-wideRt, this may belie differences in transmission between subgroups within the population. Here, we explore the effects of this heterogeneity onRtestimates. Specifically, we consider two groups of infected hosts: those infected outside the local population (imported cases), and those infected locally (local cases). We use a Bayesian approach to estimateRt, made available for others to use via an online tool, that accounts for differences in the onwards transmission risk from individuals in these groups. Using COVID-19 data from different regions worldwide, we show that different assumptions about the relative transmission risk between imported and local cases affectRtestimates significantly, with implications for interventions. This highlights the need to collect data during outbreaks describing heterogeneities in transmission between different infected hosts, and to account for these heterogeneities in methods used to estimateRt.This article is part of the theme issue 'Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these'.
Bayesian emulation and history matching ofJUNE
Authors: Vernon I. , Owen J. , Aylett-Bullock J. , Cuesta-Lazaro C. , Frawley J. , Quera-Bofarull A. , Sedgewick A. , Shi D. , Truong H. , Turner M. , Walker J. , Caulfield T. , Fong K. , Krauss F. 
Published: August 2022

We analyzeJUNE: a detailed model of COVID-19 transmission with high spatial and demographic resolution, developed as part of the RAMP initiative.JUNE requires substantial computational resources to evaluate, making model calibration and general uncertainty analysis extremely challenging. We describe and employ the uncertainty quantification approaches of Bayes linear emulation and history matching to mimicJUNE and to perform a global parameter search, hence identifying regions of parameter space that produce acceptable matches to observed data, and demonstrating the capability of such methods.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.