bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Scheduling Effects on Container Media and Canopy Temperatures and Growth of ‘Hershey’s Red’ Azalea
Authors: Keever G. J. , Cobb G. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Overhead irrigation during the day reduced maximum temperatures and their duration within the plant canopy and the container growth medium, and resulted in increased top and root growth of ‘Hershey’s Red’ azalea (Rhododendron × ‘Hershey’s Red’). Intermittent irrigation for 2.5 min/hr during the day reduced canopy temperature but did not affect growth medium temperature or plant growth.
‘HiDry’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Hamilton M. G. , Dukes P. D. , Jones A. , Schalk J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘HiDry’ is a high dry matter (DM) yielding sweet potato cultivar with high DM content developed jointly by Clemson Univ. and the USDA for industrial uses. It possesses high levels of multiple disease and insect resistances.
‘Redlands Summertaste’ Tomato
Authors: Herrington M. E. , Saranah S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith biovar III) causes substantial losses in susceptible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars in coastal Queensland from late spring to autumn (3). Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb. race 1) can be a major disease from autumn to early spring. A previously released cultivar, Scorpio (3), is resistant to bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, ex Fr.f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans, race 1), but lacks resistance to Verticillium wilt. Fruit of this cultivar are relatively soft. ‘Redlands Summertaste’ a hybrid, was developed to provide a locally adapted tomato cultivar in which resistances to bacterial, Verticillium and Fusarium wilts are combined with good fruit quality.
Imbibitional Stress and Transverse Cracking of Bean, Pea, and Chickpea Cotyledons
Authors: Spaeth Stephen C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transverse cracking was examined in cotyledon tissue of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Apollo’), pea (Pisum sativum L. ‘Garfield 81’), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. ‘Surutato 77’). The hypothesis that imbibitional cracks develop along lines of least resistance or along preexisting cracks was evaluated. Columns of tissue were cut from cotyledons. Time from the start of imbibition to detection of the first crack was compared between whole bean cotyledons and columns. Bean columns cracked transversely with respect to the long axes of the columns. They did not crack longitudinally, even if the long axis of a column was originally perpendicular to the long axis of the cotyledon. These results do not support the hypothesis that imbibitional cracks form along preexisting cracks or along lines of weakness. Imbibitional stresses induced new cracks to form. The mean time to first crack and SE associated with its measurement were both significantly reduced in columns relative to the corresponding values for whole cotyledons (40 ± 2.6 and 100 ± 8.0 min, respectively) at an imbibition temperature of 19.3°C. Pea and chickpea cotyledon tissues also cracked transversely when they were cut into long, narrow columns.
Sweet Potato Heritability Estimates and Their Use in Breeding
Authors: Jones Alfred 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Awareness that the continuous variation of morphological traits in sweet potato can best be explained and studied with quantitative genetics has increased during the last 20 years (10, 16). This paper has 2 purposes: 1) to summarize available heritability estimates for traits of sweet potato and 2) to alert breeders to their use and application in crop improvement.
Changes in Solids, Oleoresin, and (6)-Gingerol Content of Ginger during Growth in Hawaii
Authors: Baranowski J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Compositional changes of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) cultivated in Hawaii were examined during the first 34 weeks of growth. Solids content of the rhizome increased throughout the season, but there was a decline in the acetone-extractable oleoresin content of the dried ginger. Oleoresin content on a fresh-weight basis was roughly constant at 1% throughout the study. (6)-Gingerol content (the major pungent component) increased with age on a wet-weight basis, but declined on a dry weight basis after reaching a maximum at 16 weeks. The results of the study suggested that an optimum harvest date can be determined for the dried root market, where a mildly pungent product is desired, and where fresh market yield is important.
Mark, Apple Rootstock
Authors: Carlson R. F. , Perry R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mark is a new dwarfing, vegetatively propagated apple rootstock now released for commercial use. The stature of trees on Mark is similar to that on M 26, or about 50% compared to seedling stock (1, 2). It produces a strong root system, providing freestanding trees of ‘Red Prince Delicious’, now in their 15th year. With the same nonspur cultivar, Mark has demonstrated precocity similar to that of M 9. In a NC-140 rootstock trial at East Lansing, ‘Starkspur Supreme Delicious’/Mark, planted in 1980, has been superior to date in blossom production as compared to 7 other rootstocks (Table 1). Other NC-140 trials in several states and Canada have shown similar trends in blossom and fruit production (6).
Florida Freezes and the Role of Water in Citrus Cold Protection
Authors: Parsons Lawrence R. , Wheaton T. Adair , Tucker David H. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Citrus is a major international tree fruit crop. In the United States, citrus production surpasses the combined production of apples, peaches, cherries, pears, nectarines, apricots, plums, avocados, olives, figs, and dates (14). As one of the major industries in Florida, agriculture is the 2nd largest generator of income in the state. Citrus is the primary agricultural industry in Florida, and Florida is the largest producer of citrus in the United States.
A Trickle Irrigation System for Recycling Residential Wastewater on Fruit Trees
Authors: Gamble Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Certainly trickle (or drip) irrigation is not new to horticulture. In the early 1970s Chapin (1, 2, 3, 4), Gustafson (7, 8), and Hall (9) pioneered its use in horticultural crops in the United States. Kenworthy (10, 11, 12, 13) had introduced the concept of trickle irrigation to fruit growers in western Michigan by 1972. It appeared to be a “natural”; many growers already had deep wells (for hydrocooling cherries) available as excellent water sources. Since then the use of trickle irrigation has spread rapidly throughout the horticultural industry on a worldwide scale. Most draw on deep-well water or on canal, river, or lake water, which may require treatment, filtration or both to render it usable. However, the use of a trickle system for waste disposal was a new application of an existing technology.
Recycling Irrigation Runoff on Container Ornamentals
Authors: Skimina Conrad A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Public Law 84-660 was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1956 (1) and amended as Public Law 92-500 by the Congress in 1972 (2). These laws are the Water Pollution Control Acts that set the standards for clean water. These laws prescribe point-discharge requirements of the federal government, the states, and Regional Water Quality Control Boards to prevent pollution and to maintain the integrity of receiving waters. In addition the state of California has the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (3).
Water Conservation and Recycling in Ornamentals Production
Authors: Hasek Raymond F. , Sciaroni R. H. , Branson Roy L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most areas of northern California have ample water supplies from reservoirs, aqueducts, or deep wells, but some regions are not as fortunate. Such a region is Half Moon Bay located just 35 km south of San Francisco along the coastal plain. Several large producers of ornamental plants and cut flowers are located in the vicinity. Competition between homeowners and producers of ornamentals for available water in this area became critical by 1977 as a result of urban sprawl. In addition state and regional agencies began taking action to curtail polluted runoff waters from ornamental production sites. Locally the Coastside County Water District Water Quota Ordinance of 1977-78 instituted a water quota system with strong penalties for noncompliance. Statewide the California Fish and Game Code (1) was strictly enforced to prevent certain classified materials from passing into the waters of the state. The combination of these developments activated a search by growers for better use or reuse of irrigation water and separation of clean runoff waters from those that might be nutrient laden or otherwise polluted.
Introduction to the Workshop
Authors: Scorza Ralph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The potentials of interspecific hybridization have been explored since the discovery of sex in plants. The rationale for interspecific hybridization ranges from curiosity concerning the evolution of species to the transfer of a single trait into a cultivar. Breeders of ornamental plants have utilized interspecific hybridization to produce novel plant and flower forms so vital to the trade.
Evaluation of New Floricultural Crops: a Systems Approach
Authors: Armitage A. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New crops for pot plant and cut flower production are perhaps in greater demand in this country now than ever before. European research programs for new cultivars have generally been ahead of those here and a greater range of crops is commonly produced by European growers than in America. Research results from European countries are not often published in readily available journals and are difficult to translate, and production data often pertain only to the environment in which the plants were produced. (15).
Direct Seeding of Selected Forbs into an Established Grassland
Authors: Zajicek Jayne M. , Sutton Richard K. , Salac Sotero S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grassland management techniques and dates of seeding for field establishment of 5 species of forbs (wild flowers) were investigated from 1981-1983. Management treatments included burning, mowing, herbicide followed by mowing, and an untreated control. All 3 treatments had no significant affect on seedling establishment. Fall seeding gave best emergence for black samson (Echinacea angustifolia D.C.) and butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa L.). Spring seeding gave maximum emergence of prairie coneflower [Ratibida pinnata (Venten.)Barhn.] and purple prairieclover [Petalostemum purpureum (Venten.)Rydb.]. Rough gayfeather (Liatris aspera Michx.) displayed low emergence in both spring and fall seeding dates. Stand counts and winter survival responses to seeding dates were similar to emergence response for each species.
Time of Application of Calcium Sprays to Increase Fruit Calcium and Reduce Fruit Pitting of Apples Sprayed with TIBA
Authors: Stahly Edward A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Calcium concentration of ‘Golden Delicious’ (Malus × domestica Borkh.) apples was reduced with a single, early application of 50 ppm TIBA. Early, midseason, and late sequences of 3 sprays of CaCl2 (3.6 g/1) were applied to evaluate timing effectiveness for increasing fruit Ca concentration and decreasing fruit pitting. Mid-June, July, and August sprays increased fruit Ca concentration less than later sprays, but more effectively reduced fruit pitting. Chemical name used: 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA).
Bulk Solution Displacement
Authors: Nelson P. V. , Faber W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil solution is the aqueous liquid phase of the soil and its solutes consisting of ions dissociated from the surfaces of the soil particles and other soluble materials (11). It can be divided into 2 components: that portion of the electric double layer in which cations and anions are dissociated from the surfaces of root-media particles but are not in equilibrium with each other, and the bulk solution outside this layer. The electric double layer refers to a negatively charged soil particle surface and the balancing cations dissolved in the soil solution. The balancing cations become less dense with increasing distance from the soil surface to a point where dissolved anions are in equilibrium with cations; i.e., ions are not influenced by the exchange surface. At this point we leave the electric double layer and enter the bulk solution. The terms soil solution and bulk solution are nearly synonymous from the standpoint of nutrient uptake. It would be more desirable for ornamentalists to use bulk solution, since many root media do not contain soil, and bulk solution better represents the immediately available nutrient pool.
Problems in the Analysis of Organic and Lightweight Potting Substrates
Authors: Bunt A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most potting mixes currently used for raising greenhouse crops, vegetable transplants, and hardy ornamental shrubs in containers do not contain mineral soil; these mixes are often known as “soilless”, “lightweight”, or “artificial” media. Their popularity has increased steadily over the last 3 decades, principally for reasons of convenience or economic advantage. The chemical and physical characteristics of these media are, however, very different from those of the traditional potting mixes based on mineral soil.
Vegetative and Fruiting Responses of Grapes to Chlorsulfuron and Oryzalin
Authors: Warmund M. R. , Patterson W. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chlorsulfuron was applied alone at 0.018 kg·ha−1 and in combination with 3.4 kg·ha−1 of oryzalin at rates of 0.018, 0.035, 0.070, and 0.140 kg·ha−1 to a mature ‘Chancellor’ grape (Vitis × sp.) vineyard. Oryzalin was also applied alone at 3.4 kg·ha−1. Oryzalin plus chlorsulfuron treatments provided excellent weed control. The vegetative growth of vines was reduced in the oryzalin plus chlorsulfuron treatments at rates of 0.07 and 0.14 kg·ha−1 as compared to the control. Oryzalin used alone and oryzalin plus chlorsulfuron used at the lowest rate were the only treatments that did not adversely affect vine growth or fruit quality. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-N-[[(4-≎ methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide (chlor-sul-≎ furon); 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin).
Growth Retardants as an Aid to Adapting Freesia to Pot Culture
Authors: Gianfagna T. J. , Wulster G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Freesia (Freesia hybrida Bailey) corms were treated with paclobutrazol or ancymidol as a 5 mg a.i. soil drench, or with paclobutrazol as a 250 ppm preplant corm soak treatment. Both growth retardants significantly reduced plant height and inflorescence length, but had no effect on number of flowering spikes per pot or number of days to flowering. The preplant corm soak treatment was even more effective for height control than the soil drench application. Both compounds can be used to reduce plant height, allowing the adaptation of freesia to pot plant culture. Chemical names used : β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4 triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol) and α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidi nemethanol (ancymidol).
Poststorage Application of TAL Prolong on Apples from Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Authors: Chu C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A poststorage application of TAL Pro-long reduced the softening of low-oxygen-(LO) stored ‘McIntosh’ and controlled-atmosphere-(CA) stored ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh) during a 21-day shelf-life period at 15°C and 90% to 95% RH. The treatment did not affect fruit firmness of CA-stored ‘McIntosh’ or ‘Empire’ apples but did retard the loss of ground color in ‘McIntosh’. No physiological disorder was found in any treated fruit.
The Speed at which Ethephon Enters Cucumber Leaves
Authors: Miller Conrad H. , Sheets Susan M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were treated with ethephon solutions with or without a surfactant, and after predetermined time intervals, the foliage was rinsed thoroughly with tap water, simulating rainfall. A significant increase in pistillate flowers, relative to those produced by untreated plants, was accepted as an indication of ethephon activity. Greenhouse experiments involved foliage-ethephon contact times of 0.5 to 24 or more hours. Subsequent experiments, conducted in the field, had contact time intervals of 0.25 to 2 hours. Ethephon activity (increased numbers of pistillate flowers) resulted after only 0.5 hours contact time with the foliage, prior to rinsing with overhead irrigation. A surfactant added to the solutions enhanced action of ethephon in the field but not in the greenhouse. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Chemical Defoliation of Tree Fruit Nursery Stock with CuEDTA
Authors: Larsen Fenton E. , Fritts Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 2 test years, the copper chelate, CuEDTA, had a significant effect on leaf abscission of budded and seedling fruit trees. Several apple cultivars, ‘Bing’ cherry, ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pear, and seedlings of apple, pear, and cherry were treated with single or double applications (at a 4-day interval) of 0.25%, 0.50%, or 0.75% solutions. Except for ‘d’Anjou’ pear, the 0.50% concentration produced 80% leaf abscission. Relatively high levels of abscission were also produced by the 0.25% treatment. Chemical name used: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cupric disodium salt (CuEDTA).
Tolerance to Terbacil in Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Gupton C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several plants in a Vaccinium ashei Reade collection were tolerant of terbacil. To determine whether the tolerance is heritable, progeny of crosses between a selection from these plants and 3 rabbiteye blueberry cultivars were compared with progeny of 3 rabbiteye × rabbiteye cultivar crosses. Significantly less leaf damage by terbacil occurred in offspring of the selection than in those of rabbiteye cultivars. Tolerance to terbacil appeared heritable, suggesting that the tolerant plants constitute usable germplasm for a breeding program. Chemical names used: 5-chloro-3-(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2, 4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione (terbacil).
Growth of Ovaries of Parthenocarpic and Nonparthenocarpic Tomato Genotypes in Vitro
Authors: Hall C. B. , Scott J. W. , George W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Newly opened flowers of 4 parthenocarpic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes, PSET-1 (pat-2), ‘Severianin (pat-2), RP 75/59, and Stock 2524 (pat), and 3 nonparthenocarpic genotypes, ‘Walter’, ‘Flora-Dade’, and ‘Homestead 24’, were excised and placed on nutrient media. The ovaries of the parthenocarpic genotypes increased in diameter and weight to a much greater extent than the ovaries of the nonparthenocarpic genotypes during a 6-day period at 25°C. In other comparisons, the parthenocarpic genotypes had larger ovaries than the nonparthenocarpic genotypes after 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 days. The ovaries of buds excised 1 and 3 days before anthesis and at anthesis from PSET-1 and ‘Severianin’ were larger after 6 days than those excised from ‘Walter’ and ‘Flora-Dade’.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Callus Cultures of Nonbulbing Onions
Authors: Shahin E. A. , Kaneko K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of Allium fistulosum L. ‘Japanese Bunching’ onion and A. fistulosum × A. cepa L. ‘Beltsville Bunching’ onion were germinated on a modified B5 medium containing 4.5 μM 2,4-D and 4.6 μM kinetin. Within 2 weeks after seed germination, prolific callus grew from radicles. Callus was embryogenic and formed shoots when transferred to a similar medium containing 7.0 μM kinetin. Rooting of shoots was induced by transferring to an IBA-fortified medium. Several thousand plants were grown to maturity and selfed and the resulting seeds were grown in the field for further evaluations. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(2-fur-anylmethyI)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
Relationship of the pH of Medium to Growth of ‘Bluecrop’ Highbush Blueberry in Vitro
Authors: Wolfe Dwight , Chin Chee-Kok , Eck Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth of ‘Bluecrop’ highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) on Lloyd and McCown's woody plant medium was significantly unaffected by initial pH adjustments from 4.0 to 6.0 but was reduced significantly at pH 6.5. The expiants altered the pH of the medium during a 10-week culture period. A negative correlation between the final pH of the medium and growth was observed.
Sources of Resistance to Bacterial Spot in Tomato
Authors: Scott J. W. , Jones J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two hundred eight-four Lycopersicon spp. genotypes reported to have some resistance to bacterial pathogens of tomato (L. esculentum Mill.) were inoculated in the field with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (XCV), the incitant of bacterial spot, and rated for disease severity in summer 1982 and/or summer 1983. One line tested in 1983, Hawaii 7998, had no definite XCV lesions and later was determined to be resistant to XCV in the laboratory. Genotypes with the highest levels of resistance during 2 years of testing were: Ohio 4013-3, Ohio 4014-4, Heinz 1568-F3, [(Subarctic Delite × MH1) × H603] F5, L556, ‘Campbell-28’, PI 127813, Heinz 603-F11, PI 224573, ‘Monense’, ‘Heinz 2990’, and PI 324708. Genotypes with highest levels of resistance in one year of testing were PI 379032 and ‘Burgess Crack Proof. In 1982, PI 270248- ‘Sugar’ had a high level of resistance to XCV on fruit, but foliage was susceptible.
External Leaf Features of Tissue-cultured ‘Silvan’ Blackberry
Authors: Donnelly D. J. , Skelton F. E. , Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Silvan’ blackberry (Rubus sp.) has 3 types of leaf hairs: multiseriate stalked, multicelled head colleters; thick-walled unicellular hairs; and setose hairs (multiseriate trichomes that taper from a stout base). In culture, ‘Silvan’ blackberry leaves were unifoliolate, smaller, and thinner, with less cuticle and a decreased number of trichomes compared to mature leaves of greenhouse-grown plants, which were tri- or pentafoliolate. Cultured leaves had permanently open stomata, raised guard cells, and an altered stomatal and trichome distribution compared to greenhouse-grown plant leaves. Stomatal index was unaffected, but leaf size in vitro was only 1% to 2% of greenhouse control leaf area. Leaves of shoots in multiplication medium were half as large as those of plantlets in rooting medium.
‘Alderman’ Plum
Authors: Luby J. J. , Alderman W. H. , Munson S. T. , Wildung D. K. , Gray W. H. , Hoover E. E. , Stushnoff C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Alderman’ is a large, sweet, cold-hardy, Japanese-type plum hybrid involving Prunus salicina Lindl. and P. americana Marsh. It is being introduced by the Univ. of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station for use in cold climates where other high-quality, Japanese-type plums may suffer winter injury. ‘Alderman’ was named after W.H. Alderman in commemoration of his 100th birthday in 1985 and in recognition of his many accomplishments as a scientist and administrator in horticultural science at the Univ. of Minnesota.
‘Ohio 832’ Tomato
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Gould W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 832’ is an early, main-season, processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suitable for hand or machine harvest with fruit qualities that make it especially suitable for juice, sauce, and coreless whole-pack. ‘Ohio 832’ was released by Ohio State Univ., 3 Oct 1985. Several thousand acres of this tomato have been grown by the processing industry in the eastern and mid-western United States. It has been well received by growers and processors and use is increasing.