bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies against cytoskeletons and lysosomal trafficking discriminate sarcoidosis from healthy controls, tuberculosis and lung cancers
Authors: Hanoudi Samer Najeeb , Talwar Harvinder , Draghici Sorin , Samavati Lobelia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of autoantibodies in sarcoidosis suggest active humoral immunity to unknown antigen(s). We developed a complex cDNA library derived from tissues of sarcoidosis patients. Using a high throughput method, we constructed a microarray platform from this cDNA library containing large numbers of sarcoidosis clones. After selective biopanning, 1070 sarcoidosis-specifc clones were arrayed and immunoscreend with 152 sera from patients with sarcoidosis and other pulmonary diseases. To identify the sarcoidosis classifiers two statistical approaches were conducted: First, we identified significant biomarkers between sarcoidosis and healthy controls, and second identified markers comparing sarcoidosis to all other groups. At the threshold of an False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.01, we identified 14 clones in the first approach and 12 clones in the second approach discriminating sarcoidosis from other groups. We used the classifiers to build a naïve Bayes model on the training-set and validated it on an independent test-set. The first approach yielded an AUC of 0.947 using 14 significant clones with a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.88, whereas the AUC of the second option was 0.92 with a sensitivity of 0.96 and specificity of 0.83. These results suggest robust classifier performance. Furthermore, we characterized the informative phage clones by sequencing and homology searches. Large numbers of classifier-clones were peptides involved in cellular trafficking and cytoskeletons. These results show that sarcoidosis is associated with a specific pattern of immunoreactivity that can discriminate it from other diseases.
Electrically controllable spin filtering in antiferromagnetic topological insulator tunneling junctions
Authors: Guo Rui , Liu Gen-Hua , Shan Zheng-Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the surface-state band structure and transport property for an antiferromagnetic MnBi2Te4 film with an external electric field vertical to its top surface. The electric field can reduce the gap of surface states induced by a finite-size effect, and restore the chirality of surface states, which may be beneficial to the realization of an axion state. We also demonstrate that an adjustable electric field can not only switch between the spin-up and spin-down electron channels to realize spin filtering, but also close all the electronic channels to realize on-off current in an antiferromagnetic MnBi2Te4 thin film with two junctions.
Transcription of rRNA in early mouse embryos promotes chromatin reorganization and expression of major satellite repeats
Authors: Chebrout Martine , Koné Maïmouna Coura , Jan Habib U. , Cournut Marie , Letheule Martine , Fleurot Renaud , Aguirre-Lavin Tiphaine , Peynot Nathalie , Jouneau Alice , Beaujean Nathalie , Bonnet-Garnier Amélie 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
During the first cell cycles of early development, the chromatin of the embryo is highly reprogrammed while the embryonic genome starts its own transcription. The spatial organization of the genome is an important process that contributes to regulating gene transcription in time and space. It has, however, been poorly studied in the context of early embryos. To study the cause-and-effect link between transcription and spatial organization in embryos, we focused on ribosomal genes, which are silent initially but start to be transcribed in 2-cell mouse embryos. We demonstrated that ribosomal sequences and early unprocessed rRNAs are spatially organized in a very particular manner between 2-cell and 16-cell stage. By using drugs that interfere with ribosomal DNA transcription, we showed that this organization – which is totally different in somatic cells – depends on an active transcription of ribosomal genes and induces a unique chromatin environment that favors transcription of major satellite sequences once the 4-cell stage has been reached.
Synthetic time series data generation for edge analytics
Authors: Kannan Subarmaniam 
Published: January 2022

Background: Internet of Things (IoT) edge analytics enables data computation and storage to be available adjacent to the source of data generation at the IoT system. This method improves sensor data handling and speeds up analysis, prediction, and action. Using machine learning for analytics and task offloading in edge servers could minimise latency and energy usage. However, one of the key challenges in using machine learning in edge analytics is to find a real-world dataset to implement a more representative predictive model. This challenge has undeniably slowed down the adoption of machine learning methods in IoT edge analytics. Thus, the generation of realistic synthetic datasets can leverage the need to speed up methodological use of machine learning in edge analytics. Methods: We create synthetic data with features that are like data from IoT devices. We use an existing air quality dataset that includes temperature and gas sensor measurements. This real-time dataset includes component values for the Air Quality Index (AQI) and ppm concentrations for various polluting gases. We build a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) model to capture the distribution of variables and the structure of this real dataset to generate the synthetic data. Based on the synthetic dataset and original dataset, we create a comparative predictive model. Results: Analysis of synthetic dataset predictive model shows that it can be successfully used for edge analytics purposes, replacing real-world datasets. There is no significant difference between the real-world dataset compared the synthetic dataset. The generated synthetic data requires no modification to suit the edge computing requirements. Conclusions: The framework can generate representative synthetic datasets based on JSON schema attributes. The accuracy, precision, and recall values for the real and synthetic datasets indicate that the logistic regression model is capable of successfully classifying data.
What can we experience and report on a rapidly presented image? Intersubjective measures of specificity of freely reported contents of consciousness
Authors: Chuyin Zhang , Koh Zhao Hui , Gallagher Regan , Nishimoto Shinji , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: January 2022

Background: A majority of previous studies appear to support a view that human observers can only perceive coarse information from a natural scene image when it is presented rapidly (<100ms, masked). In these studies, participants were often forced to choose an answer from options that experimenters preselected. These options can underestimate what participants experience and can report on it. The current study aims to introduce a novel methodology to investigate how detailed information participants can report after briefly seeing a natural scene image. Methods: We used a novel free-report paradigm to examine what people can freely report following a rapidly presented natural scene image (67/133/267ms, masked). N = 670 online participants typed up to five words to report what they saw in the image together with confidence of the respective responses. We developed a novel index, Intersubjective Agreement (IA). IA quantifies how specifically the response words were used to describe the target image, with a high value meaning the word is not often reported for other images. Importantly, IA eliminates the need for experimenters to preselect response options. Results: The words with high IA values are often something detailed (e.g., a small object) in a particular image. With IA, unlike commonly believed, we demonstrated that participants reported highly specific and detailed aspects of the briefly (even at 67ms, masked) shown image. Further, IA is positively correlated with confidence, indicating metacognitive conscious access to the reported aspects of the image. Conclusion: These new findings challenge the dominant view that the content of rapid scene experience is limited to global and coarse gist. Our novel paradigm opens a door to investigate various contents of consciousness with a free-report paradigm.
The importance of personality traits for predicting clinical clerkship grades and USMLE scores
Authors: Tucker Matthew A. , Griffeth Benjamin T. , Lee Christy , Buchanan April O. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Important aspects of medical school success are thought to rely on non-cognitive attributes such as personality traits. Methods: In a sample of medical students who completed their 3rd-year clerkships, the current study examined the impact of personality traits on performance on four measures of 3rd-year clerkship grades and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2CK (Clinical Knowledge) scores. Results: We found that specific personality traits, including conscientiousness, achievement-striving, morality, and self-efficacy predicted multiple outcome measures, including Step 2CK performance. However, while we observed a clear link between personality and success during the 3rd year, we also found that Step 1 scores, not specific or grouped personality traits, best predicted all measures of clerkship performance except clerkship evaluations and, as expected, best predicted Step 2CK performance. Additionally, we created a composite personality profile for our sample by averaging the high and low scores of the Big Five personality trait scales and their subscales. However, this personality composite, which included the traits agreeableness, cooperation, Conscientiousness, and cautiousness, did not predict any of our outcome measures. Conclusions: These findings indicate that personality traits individually and in combination predict 3rd year medical school success, especially when performance may rely less on intellectual prowess, and more on personality factors. Importantly, however, Step 1 scores were usually much better predictors not only of Step 2CK and shelf exam performance, but even overall clerkship grades and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) performance. We hope these results can be used to help clerkship directors and faculty understand that personality factors impact medical school performance and that they should be considered when evaluating the more non-cognitive aspects of student achievement.
An agency mapping of marginalized communities and aid providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Nungsari Melati , Hui Yin Chuah , Fong Nicole , Pillai Veena 
Published: January 2022

Background: Given the urgent need for help amongst vulnerable populations throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, civil society organizations (CSOs) and members have stepped up to provide support for impacted communities. The process of responding to these urgent needs reflects the agency and resilience of civil society members in accessing or providing resources. There is still a lack of understanding of how human agency is exercised in the context of power imbalances. Such an understanding is important not only for creating an effective and inclusive aid delivery mechanisms but also improving preparedness for future public health and economic crises. Methods: This study utilizes Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory to comprehensively map the agency landscape of aid providers and marginalized populations during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Assuming that these populations’ main goals are access to aid while providers’ main goals are to provide aid, this study categorizes the different modes of agency involved and highlights environmental facilitators and constraints for each of these groups in achieving their goals. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 34 participants. Using a hermeneutic content analysis based on a sample of 824 textual excerpts from the interviews, we explore the relationship between each component of the agency landscape to understand the relationships between them. Results: We find that marginalized populations are often unable to achieve their goals despite clear intentions to survive. Additionally, we find that proxy agency is problematic for marginalized populations and characterize why this is the case. Conclusions: Finally, we present policy recommendations which prioritise marginalized populations and their needs, while removing barriers to accessing aid.
The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Wait Time in the Emergency Department
Authors: Wang Guihua 
Published: January 2022

We study the effect of Medicaid expansion on wait time in the emergency department (ED), using a difference-in-differences approach, where the treatment group includes the states that expanded Medicaid at the beginning of 2014 and the control group includes the states that did not expand Medicaid before 2016. We first focus on the average treatment effect and find that Medicaid expansion increases ED wait time by 10.4% (or 3.5 minutes). We then develop a first-difference causal forest (FDCF) approach for heterogeneous treatment-effect analysis by incorporating the first-difference approach into the causal forest approach. Our comprehensive simulation studies show that the FDCF approach has smaller mean-squared errors than direct applications of the causal forest approach. Finally, we apply the FDCF approach to our empirical example and find that the effect of Medicaid expansion varies widely across different hospitals. Our results are useful to policymakers deciding whether to expand Medicaid and to hospital managers seeking to understand the effect of Medicaid expansion on their hospitals. Our results are also useful to researchers applying causal machine learning methods for heterogeneous treatment-effect analysis. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.
Wideband sparse signal acquisition with ultrahigh sampling compression ratio based on continuous-time photonic time stretch and photonic compressive sampling
Authors: Yang Bo , Xu Qing , Yang Shuna , Chi Hao 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an approach to realizing wideband sparse signal acquisition with an ultrahigh sampling compression ratio based on continuous-time photonic time stretch (CT-PTS) and photonic compressive sampling (PCS) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the system, a wideband sparse signal is slowed down in the time domain by a CT-PTS module and then down-sampled and reconstructed by a random-demodulator-based PCS scheme in which random mixing is realized with a pseudo-random binary sequence. Virtual time gating based on wavelength-to-time mapping and wavelength division multiplexing is used to realize CT-PTS to increase the length of the sampling window and finally improve the performance of PCS. In addition, single sideband modulation is employed to solve the problem of dispersion-induced power fading in PTS and therefore increase the bandwidth of the system. Due to the techniques of CT-PTS and PCS, wideband sparse signals can be acquired with sampling rates far below the Nyquist rate of the original signal. In the experiment, a sparse signal within 2–40 GHz bandwidth is successfully recovered with a sampling rate of 800 MS/s, which means a sampling compression ratio as high as 100.
Leading causes of death and high mortality rates in an HIV endemic setting (Kisumu county, Kenya, 2019)
Authors: Waruru Anthony , Onyango Dickens , Nyagah Lilly , Sila Alex , Waruiru Wanjiru , Sava Solomon , Oele Elizabeth , Nyakeriga Emmanuel , Muuo Sheru W. , Kiboye Jacqueline , Musingila Paul K. , van der Sande Marianne A. B. , Massawa Thaddeus , Rogena Emily A. , DeCock Kevin M. , Young Peter W. 
Published: January 2022

Background
In resource-limited settings, underlying causes of death (UCOD) often are not ascertained systematically, leading to unreliable mortality statistics. We reviewed medical charts to establish UCOD for decedents at two high volume mortuaries in Kisumu County, Kenya, and compared ascertained UCOD to those notified to the civil registry.

Methods
Medical experts trained in COD certification examined medical charts and ascertained causes of death for 456 decedents admitted to the mortuaries from April 16 through July 12, 2019. Decedents with unknown HIV status or who had tested HIV-negative >90 days before the date of death were tested for HIV. We calculated annualized all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates grouped according to global burden of disease (GBD) categories and separately for deaths due to HIV/AIDS and expressed estimated deaths per 100,000 population. We compared notified to ascertained UCOD using Cohen’s Kappa (κ) and assessed for the independence of proportions using Pearson’s chi-squared test.

Findings
The four leading UCOD were HIV/AIDS (102/442 [23.1%]), hypertensive disease (41/442 [9.3%]), other cardiovascular diseases (23/442 [5.2%]), and cancer (20/442 [4.5%]). The all-cause mortality rate was 1,086/100,000 population. The highest cause-specific mortality was in GBD category II (noncommunicable diseases; 516/100,000), followed by GBD I (communicable, perinatal, maternal, and nutritional; 513/100,000), and III (injuries; 56/100,000). The HIV/AIDS mortality rate was 251/100,000 population. The proportion of deaths due to GBD II causes was higher among females (51.9%) than male decedents (42.1%; p = 0.039). Conversely, more men/boys (8.6%) than women/girls (2.1%) died of GBD III causes (p = 0.002). Most of the records with available recorded and ascertained UCOD (n = 236), 167 (70.8%) had incorrectly recorded UCOD, and agreement between notified and ascertained UCOD was poor (29.2%; κ = 0.26).

Conclusions
Mortality from infectious diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, is high in Kisumu County, but there is a shift toward higher mortality from noncommunicable diseases, possibly reflecting an epidemiologic transition and improving HIV outcomes. The epidemiologic transition suggests the need for increased focus on controlling noncommunicable conditions despite the high communicable disease burden. The weak agreement between notified and ascertained UCOD could lead to substantial inaccuracies in mortality statistics, which wholly depend on death notifications.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) seroprevalence, cervical HPV prevalence, genotype distribution and cytological lesions in solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent women in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Miyaji Karina Takesaki , Infante Vanessa , Picone Camila de Melo , Levi José Eduardo , Oliveira Ana Carolina Soares de , Lara Amanda Nazareth , Tacla Maricy , Dillner Joakim , Kann Hanna , Eklund Carina , Castanheira Cristina Paula , Mayaud Philippe , Sartori Ana Marli Christovam ,   the Study group on HPV vaccine in immunosuppressed persons
Published: January 2022

IntroductionSolid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at increased risk of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection and disease. This study aimed to evaluate HPV seroprevalence, cervical HPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and frequency of HPV-related cervical lesions in SOT recipients in comparison to immunocompetent women.MethodsCross-sectional study including SOT and immunocompetent women aged 18 to 45 years who denied previous HPV-related lesions. Cervical samples were screened for HPV-DNA by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA microarray system (PapilloCheck®) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) by liquid-based cytology. A multiplexed pseudovirion-based serology assay (PsV-Luminex) was used to measure HPV serum antibodies.Results125 SOT and 132 immunocompetent women were enrolled. Cervical samples were collected from 113 SOT and 127 immunocompetent women who had initiated sexual activity. HPV-DNA prevalence was higher in SOT than in immunocompetent women (29.6% vs. 20.2%,p= 0.112), but this difference was not statistically significant. High-risk (HR)-HPV was significantly more frequent in SOT than in immunocompetent women (19.4% vs. 7.9%,p= 0.014). Simultaneous infection with ≥2 HR-HPV types was found in 3.1% of SOT and 0.9% of immunocompetent women. HPV seropositivity for at least one HPV type was high in both groups: 63.8% of 105 SOT and 69.7% of 119 immunocompetent women (p= 0.524). Low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade SIL (HSIL) were significantly more frequent in SOT (9.7% and 5.3%, respectively) than in immunocompetent women (1.6% and 0.8%, respectively) (p= 0.001).ConclusionsThese results may reflect the increased risk of HPV persistent infection and disease progression in SOT women due to chronic immunosuppression.
Effects of integrative neuromuscular training intervention on physical performance in elite female table tennis players: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiong Jinfeng , Li Shangxiao , Cao Aibin , Qian Lei , Peng Bo , Xiao Dandan 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
To investigate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on physical performance in elite female table tennis players.

Methods
Twenty-four Chinese elite female table tennis players were randomized into either INT (n = 12) group or control group (CON; n = 12). INT group performed four INT sessions every week for 8 weeks, while CON group performed traditional physical fitness training. One repetition maximal (1RM), vertical jump, Y balance test and 30-meter sprinting performance were tested before and after intervention.

Results
No between groups differences were detected for any tests before intervention. Significant group by time (before or after intervention) interaction effects were observed in 1RM, vertical jump, bilateral lower limb reaching distance at posteromedial and posterolateral directions, and right leg at the anterior direction for the Y balance test (all p < 0.05), but not for the left leg at the anterior direction or the 30-meter sprinting performance (both p > 0.05). Post-hoc analysis for measurements with significant interactions revealed that all significant changes were at the ING group (all p < 0.05), while no changes for the CON group were observed (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Eight weeks INT significantly improved strength, power and balance in Chinese elite female table tennis players. Adopting INT in table tennis players may improve their physical performance and lead to better sports performance.
Rhythmicity of Prefrontal Local Field Potentials after Nucleus Basalis Stimulation
Authors: Singh Balbir , Qi Xue-Lian , Blake David T. , Constantinidis Christos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe action of acetylcholine in the cortex is critical for cognitive functions and cholinergic drugs can improve functions such as attention and working memory. An alternative means of enhancing cholinergic neuromodulation in primates is the intermittent electrical stimulation of the cortical source of acetylcholine, the nucleus basalis (NB) of Meynert. NB stimulation generally increases firing rate of neurons in the prefrontal cortex, however its effects on single neurons are diverse and complex. We sought to understand how NB stimulation affects global measures of neural activity by recording and analyzing local field potentials (LFPs) in monkeys as they performed working memory tasks. NB stimulation primarily decreased power in the alpha frequency range during the delay interval of working memory tasks. The effect was consistent across variants of the task. No consistent modulation in the delay interval of the task was observed in the gamma frequency range, which has previously been implicated in the maintenance of working memory. Our results reveal global effects of cholinergic neuromodulation via deep brain stimulation, an emerging intervention for the improvement of cognitive function.