bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating levels of Galectin 9 are a potential biomarker predictive of overall survival in patients with advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Costa Guilherme Jorge , Filho Guilherme Vieira Mendonça , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante , Casarini Dulce Elena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The immune system is recognized to have therapeutic potential to destroy cancer cells. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (sTIM-3) and its ligand galectin 9 (GAL9) cause suppression of cytokine production, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. Then, soluble levels of TIM-3 and GAL-9 may have prognostic implications in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in non-smoker patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study, including 49 NSCLC patients with an age median of 65 years, evaluated the soluble levels of sTIM-3 and sGAL9 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Low levels of sGAL9 in smokers compared to non-smoker NSCLC patients (P<0.0001). Overall survival (OS) analysis showed a low median survival of 10.5 months in smokers NSCLC patients compared to non-smokers (Log-Rank test; P = 0.009). The area under the curve (AUC) value of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.8497, suggesting that sGAL9 could be an OS biomarker for advanced NSCLC, being the cut-off value of serum of 1,694 pg/mL for sGAL9. Low sGAL9 levels NSCLC patients’ group had significantly shorter OS than those in the high sGAL9 levels (Log-Rank test; P = 0.02). Conclusion: This study indicated the accuracy of sGAL9 as a potential biomarker predictive of OS in advanced NSCLC.
Radio and microwave frequency signal generation and processing based on photonics using integrated Kerr optical micro-combs
Authors: moss david 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate a radio frequency (RF) phase-encoded signal generator as well as a user-defined RF arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) based on a soliton crystal micro-comb generated by an integrated MRR with a free spectral range of ~49 GHz. Owing to the soliton crystal’s robust and stable generation as well as the high intrinsic efficiency, RF phase-encoded signal generators and AWGs with simple operation and fast reconfiguration are realized. The soliton crystal micro-comb provides 60 wavelengths for RF phase-encoded signal generators, achieving a phase encoding speed of 5.95 Gb/s and a high pulse compression ratio of 29.6. Over 80 wavelengths are employed for the AWGs, achieving tunable square waveforms with a duty cycle ratio ranging from 10–90%, sawtooth waveforms with tunable slope ratios from 0.2 to 1, and symmetric concave quadratic chirp waveforms. Our system has great potential to achieve RF and microwave photonic signal generation and processing with low cost and footprint.
Analysis of Influencing Factors and a Prediction Model of Abnormal Serum Potassium in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Li Rui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: The high incidence of abnormal serum potassium in patients with chronic kidney disease have resulted in frequent cardiovascular adverse events and even death. Through a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 273 patients with CKD, we analyzed the correlation between the general data of patients and serum potassium levels, and the risk factors for abnormal serum potassium, and constructed risk prediction models for abnormal serum potassium. Methods: In this paper, 273 patients with CKD who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected for this retrospective analysis. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence of abnormal serum potassium. Preliminary literature retrieval was conducted to extract the risk factors that might affect serum potassium. Independent sample t test was used to analyze the differences between two groups, Pearson or Spearman test was used to analyze the linear correlation of data, and Logistic regression equation was used to construct the multiple regression analysis. Results: The use of diuretics ( P =0.046), the use of renin-angiotensin and aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors ( P =0.040) and low score of Renal Adherence Questionnaire (RAAQ) ( P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for abnormal serum potassium. There was a positive linear correlation between serum potassium and age, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, anion gap and RAAQ score in patients with CKD; each influencing factor was independent. Subgroup analysis showed that the use of diuretics, low RAAQ score and peritoneal dialysis were more likely to lead to hypokalemia, while hypertension, diabetes, use of RAAS inhibitors, low RAAQ score and hemodialysis were more likely to result in hyperkalemia. Conclusion: Poor compliance is a risk factor for abnormal serum potassium. On this basis, the use of diuretics and peritoneal dialysis may increase the risk of hypokalemia, and the use of RAAS, hypertension, diabetes, and peritoneal dialysis may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Efficacy and Safety of Jiu-Wei-Xi-Feng Granules for Treating Tic Disorders in Children: Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Equivalence Trial
Authors: Guo Sheng-xuan , Li Rui-ben , Hu Siyuan , Cai Qiu-han , Zhong Cheng-liang , Hao Rui-min 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Tic disorders (TD) is a neuropsychiatric disease with twitch as the main manifestation in childhood. Jiu-Wei-Xi-Feng granules has been marketed in China for treating children with TD. As Long Gu (Os Draconis) in the composition of this Chinese patent medicine is a rare and expensive medicinal material protected by the Chinese government, therefore, we consider replacing it with Mu Li (Concha Ostreae) that has the same effect and is cheaper. This study is designed to evaluate the clinical equivalence between Jiu-Wei-Xi-Feng granules ( Os Draconis replaced by Concha Ostreae ) (JWXFD) and Jiu-Wei-Xi-Feng granules (original formula) (JWXFO) in children with TD (consumption of renal yin and liver wind stirring up internally syndrome). Methods/design This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial comparing the efficacy and safety of JWXFD and JWXFO in treating Children with tic disorders (consumption of renal yin and liver wind stirring up internally syndrome). A total of 288 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment course is 6 weeks, with a 2 weeks follow-up. The primary outcome is the mean change value from baseline to 6th week by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total tic score (YGTSS-TTS). Secondary outcomes include total effective rate of tic, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scores and its factor scores (the degree of motor tics, phonic tics and social function damage), Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale, and TCM syndrome efficacy. Discussion The design of this study refers to a large number of similar research design points, and asked for opinions of peer experts, and finally reached a consensus. This trial will provide high-quality evidence on the clinical equivalence between JWXFD and JWXFO and provide a basis for the marketing of JWXFD.Trial registration ： ChiCTR2000032312 .Registered on 25 April 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52630
O USO DAS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM NO ENSINO SUPERIOR DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS
Authors: De Abreu Patricia Barreto , Braga Carneiro Célia Maria 
Published: February 2022

O uso de metodologias ativas em condições adversas atende o objetivo desta pesquisa que é analisar o uso das metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem para os discentes da disciplina de Teoria da Contabilidade, do curso noturno, de Bacharelado em Ciências Contábeis da UFCE, no campus Fortaleza (CE) durante a transição do modelo de ensino presencial para o modelo remoto síncrono em decorrência da pandemia da Covid-19. A pesquisa é exploratória, descritiva, qualitativa e quantitativa, com delineamentos bibliográfico, documental, estudo de caso e survey. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se as técnicas de observação direta intensiva e extensiva, e para a análise de dados, a estatística descritiva. A amostra foi composta por 33 discentes que cursaram regularmente a disciplina nos períodos de 2019.1(17) e 2020.1(16). Os resultados evidenciaram que, apesar da heterogeneidade socioeconômica e de infraestrutura dos discentes, o modelo de ensino remoto aliado ao uso das metodologias ativas e das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC’s) foi a solução mais viável para a continuidade das atividades acadêmicas no período pandêmico, potencializando o aprendizado dos discentes, o desenvolvimento de diversas habilidades no uso de ferramentas tecnológicas e de competências comportamentais e profissionais relevantes no século XXI, como responsabilidade, pensamento crítico e reflexivo, comunicação oral, gestão e análise de dados, tomada de decisões, trabalho em equipe e colaboração. Os maiores impactos negativos estão relacionados à vida familiar, profissional e acadêmica dos discentes.
Computational Strategies to Identify New Drug Candidates against
Neuroinflammation
Authors: Pavan Matteo , Bassani Davide , Bolcato Giovanni , Bissaro Maicol , Sturlese Mattia , Moro Stefano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Increasing application of computational approaches in these last decades has
deeply modified the process of discovery and commercialization of new therapeutic entities.
This is especially true in the field of neuroinflammation, in which both the peculiar
anatomical localization and the presence of the blood-brain barrier make it mandatory to
finely tune the candidates’ physicochemical properties from the early stages of the discovery
pipeline. The aim of this review is, therefore, to provide a general overview of neuroinflammation
to the readers, together with the most common computational strategies
that can be exploited to discover and design small molecules controlling neuroinflammation,
especially those based on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biological
targets of therapeutic interest. The techniques used to describe the molecular
recognition mechanisms, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics, will therefore
be discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Finally, we report several
case studies in which computational methods have been applied to drug discovery for
neuroinflammation, focusing on the research conducted in the last decade.
A State-of-the-art Review and Prospective Therapeutic Applications
of Prenyl Flavonoids as Chemosensitizers against Antifungal Multidrug
Resistance in Candida albicans
Authors: Santi María Daniela , Ortega María Gabriela , Peralta Mariana Andrea 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans
is defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in two or more drug classes. This
phenomenon has been increasingly reported since the rise in the incidence of fungal infections
in immunocompromised patients at the end of the last century.
After the discovery of efflux pump overexpression as a principal mechanism causing
MDR in Candida strains, drug discovery targeting fungal efflux transporters has had a
growing impact. Chemosensitization aims to enhance azole intracellular concentrations
through combination therapy with transporter inhibitors. Consequently, the use of drug efflux
inhibitors combined with the antifungal agent will sensitize the pathogen. As a result,
the use of lower drug concentrations will reduce possible adverse effects on the
host.
Through an extensive revision of the literature, this review aims to provide an exhaustive
and critical analysis of the studies carried out in the past two decades regarding the chemosensitization
strategy to cope with multidrug resistance in C. albicans. This work provides
a deep analysis of the research on the inhibition of drug-efflux membrane transporters
by prenylated flavonoids and the interactions of these phytocompounds with
azole antifungals as an approach to chemosensitize multidrug-resistant C. albicans
strains. We highlight the importance of prenylflavonoids and their particular chemical
and pharmacological characteristics that make them excellent candidates with therapeutic
potential as chemosensitizers. Finally, we propose the need for further research on prenyl
flavonoids as inhibitors of drug-efflux mediated fungal resistance.
Rapid Nucleic Acid Reaction Circuits for Point-of-care Diagnosis of
Diseases
Authors: Santiago-McRae Ezry , Oh Sung Won , Carlo Anthony Monte , Bar Omri , Guan Emily , Zheng Doris , Grgicak Catherine , Fu Jinglin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
An urgent need exists for a rapid, cost-effective, facile, and reliable nucleic acid assay for mass screening to control and prevent the spread of emerging pandemic diseases. This urgent need is not fully met by current diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art research in novel nucleic acid amplification and detection that could be applied to point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and mass screening of diseases. The critical technological breakthroughs will be discussed for their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we will discuss the future challenges of developing nucleic acid-based POC diagnosis.
The Photoreaction of Pyrylium Cation with Water: A DFT Study
Authors: D’Auria Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The photochemical reaction of pyrylium cation with water to give a cyclopentene derivative
has been studied at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level of theory. The calculation is in agreement with
an electrocyclic disrotatory reaction from the S1 singlet excited state, giving a cyclopentene epoxide
cation that can react with very low activation energy (2 kJ mol-1) with water to give the corresponding
adduct. CASSCF calculations allowed to identify a conical intersection in the S1 state, giving the cyclopentene
epoxide cation.
PENERAPAN METODE STEM BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK MENINGKATAN HASIL DAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN SISTEM KONTROL TERPROGRAM
Authors: Suroto Suroto 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:This research aims to: (1) describe the syntax of the implementation STEM project-based method, (2) find out the improvement of learning outcomes and activeness students in the Sistem Kontrol Terprogram subject at SMK Negeri 2 Depok Sleman. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which conducted in two cycles. Data collection using test methods, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the STEM project-based method implementation could improve students' learning outcomes and activeness. The learning outcome in the cognitive domain in cycle 1 obtained the percentage of completeness of 84.38% and in cycle 2 was 96.88%, an increase of 12.5%. The results of learning observations in the psychomotor domain, the percentage completion in cycle 1 was 93.75% and in cycle 2 was 93.75%. The observation results of students' activeness obtained a percentage in cycle 1 of 76.82% and cycle 2 of 81.25%, an increase of 4.43%.ABSTRAK:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendiskripsikan sintak penerapan metode STEM berbasis proyek, (2) mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Sistem Kontrol Terprogram kelas 12 SMK Negeri 2 Depok Sleman. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Pengumpulan data dengan metode tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode STEM berbasis proyek dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keaktifan peserta didik. Hasil belajar ranah kognitif pada siklus 1 diperoleh hasil persentase ketuntasan sebesar 84,38% dan siklus 2 sebesar 96,88% mengalami peningkatan sebesar 12,5%. Hasil observasi pembelajaran ranah psikomotorik persentase ketuntasan pada siklus 1 sebesar 93,75% dan siklus 2 sebesar 93,75%. Hasil observasi keaktifan peserta didik memperoleh hasil persentase pada siklus 1 sebesar 76,82% dan pada siklus 2 sebesar 81,25%, mengalami peningkatan sebesar 4,43%.
Optimal Treatment Selection in Sequential Systemic and Locoregional Therapy of Oropharyngeal Squamous Carcinomas: Deep Q-Learning With a Patient-Physician Digital Twin Dyad
Authors: Tardini Elisa , Zhang Xinhua , Canahuate Guadalupe , Wentzel Andrew , Mohamed Abdallah S R , Van Dijk Lisanne , Fuller Clifton D , Marai G Elisabeta 
Published: February 2022

Background
Currently, selection of patients for sequential versus concurrent chemotherapy and radiation regimens lacks evidentiary support and it is based on locally optimal decisions for each step.

Objective
We aim to optimize the multistep treatment of patients with head and neck cancer and predict multiple patient survival and toxicity outcomes, and we develop, apply, and evaluate a first application of deep Q-learning (DQL) and simulation to this problem.

Methods
The treatment decision DQL digital twin and the patient’s digital twin were created, trained, and evaluated on a data set of 536 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with the goal of, respectively, determining the optimal treatment decisions with respect to survival and toxicity metrics and predicting the outcomes of the optimal treatment on the patient. Of the data set of 536 patients, the models were trained on a subset of 402 (75%) patients (split randomly) and evaluated on a separate set of 134 (25%) patients. Training and evaluation of the digital twin dyad was completed in August 2020. The data set includes 3-step sequential treatment decisions and complete relevant history of the patient cohort treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2005 and 2013, with radiomics analysis performed for the segmented primary tumor volumes.

Results
On the test set, we found mean 87.35% (SD 11.15%) and median 90.85% (IQR 13.56%) accuracies in treatment outcome prediction, matching the clinicians’ outcomes and improving the (predicted) survival rate by +3.73% (95% CI –0.75% to 8.96%) and the dysphagia rate by +0.75% (95% CI –4.48% to 6.72%) when following DQL treatment decisions.

Conclusions
Given the prediction accuracy and predicted improvement regarding the medically relevant outcomes yielded by this approach, this digital twin dyad of the patient-physician dynamic treatment problem has the potential of aiding physicians in determining the optimal course of treatment and in assessing its outcomes.
Identifying Patients With Delirium Based on Unstructured Clinical Notes: Observational Study
Authors: Ge Wendong , Alabsi Haitham , Jain Aayushee , Ye Elissa , Sun Haoqi , Fernandes Marta , Magdamo Colin , Tesh Ryan A , Collens Sarah I , Newhouse Amy , MVR Moura Lidia , Zafar Sahar , Hsu John , Akeju Oluwaseun , Robbins Gregory K , Mukerji Shibani S , Das Sudeshna , Westover M Brandon 
Published: February 2022

Background
Delirium in hospitalized patients is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction. Diagnostic (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]) codes are often used in studies using electronic health records (EHRs), but they are inaccurate.

Objective
We sought to develop a more accurate method using natural language processing (NLP) to detect delirium episodes on the basis of unstructured clinical notes.

Methods
We collected 1.5 million notes from >10,000 patients from among 9 hospitals. Seven experts iteratively labeled 200,471 sentences. Using these, we trained three NLP classifiers: Support Vector Machine, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Transformer. Testing was performed using an external data set. We also evaluated associations with delirium billing (ICD) codes, medications, orders for restraints and sitters, direct assessments (Confusion Assessment Method [CAM] scores), and in-hospital mortality. F1 scores, confusion matrices, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were used to compare NLP models. We used the φ coefficient to measure associations with other delirium indicators.

Results
The transformer NLP performed best on the following parameters: micro F1=0.978, macro F1=0.918, positive AUC=0.984, and negative AUC=0.992. NLP detections exhibited higher correlations (φ) than ICD codes with deliriogenic medications (0.194 vs 0.073 for ICD codes), restraints and sitter orders (0.358 vs 0.177), mortality (0.216 vs 0.000), and CAM scores (0.256 vs –0.028).

Conclusions
Clinical notes are an attractive alternative to ICD codes for EHR delirium studies but require automated methods. Our NLP model detects delirium with high accuracy, similar to manual chart review. Our NLP approach can provide more accurate determination of delirium for large-scale EHR-based studies regarding delirium, quality improvement, and clinical trails.
Accountants, Cybersecurity Isn't Just for “Techies”: Incorporating Cybersecurity into the Accounting Curriculum
Authors: Boss Scott R. , Gray Joy , Janvrin Diane J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In today's business world, it is essential that accountants be concerned about cybersecurity in their organizations and in the work they perform. Despite increasing importance as well as regulatory and professional emphasis, most accounting curricula limit cybersecurity coverage to accounting information systems courses. We argue that cybersecurity concepts should be introduced at all levels of the accounting curriculum, and we provide six short, open-ended cases that highlight the relationship between cybersecurity and the accounting curriculum. Instructors can assign one or more of these cases as individual or group exercises in introductory, core, and/or advanced accounting classes. The cases address cybersecurity disclosure issues in financial reporting, the impact of a client cybersecurity breach on financial audit, the risks to tax preparers of storing personally identifiable information, calculating and evaluating the costs of cybersecurity breaches, and examining cybersecurity disclosures in 10-Ks. Case efficacy was evaluated in multiple courses and learning environments.