bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New biologically potent benzimidazole‐based‐triazole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors along with molecular docking study
Authors: Khan Yousaf , Rehman Wajid , Hussain Rafaqat , Khan Shoaib , Malik Aneela , Khan Marwa , Liaqat Anjum , Rasheed Liaqat , Begum Faiza , Fazil Srosh , Khan Imran , Abdellatif Magda H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of fifteen hybrid analogs (1–15) based on benzimidazole bearing triazole skeleton were synthesized and were evaluated for in vitro AChE and BuChE inhibition profile. All the newly afforded scaffolds showed moderate to good AChE and BuChE activity having IC50 values ranging from 0.40 ± 0.05 to 19.60 ± 0.40 μM against AChE and 1.50 ± 0.10 to 23.30 ± 0.50 μM against BuChE in comparison to Donepezil (IC50 = 0.016 ± 0.12 μM for AChE), (IC50 = 4.5 ± 0.11 μM for BuChE) as reference drug. It was concluded from structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies that scaffolds bearing groups of strong e‐withdrawing nature (–NO2, –F and –Cl) at different position of aryl ring were found to be potent inhibitors of both targeted AChE and BuChE enzymes. Therefore, compounds 7 (bearing para‐NO2), 2 (bearing para‐fluoro), 6 (bearing meta‐NO2) and 8 (bearing meta‐fluoro) were identified as the most active on screening against AChE enzyme with IC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.05, 0.60 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.05 and 0.90 ± 0.05 μM. These scaffolds 7, 2, 6 and 8 also showed superior potency against BuChE enzyme with IC50 values of 1.50 ± 0.10, 2.10 ± 0.10, 2.60 ± 0.10 and 2.30 ± 0.10 μM. It was also observed that inhibition profile of synthesized scaffolds against both these targeted enzymes was greatly affected by altering either position or number/s of substituent around aryl ring. Moreover, it was noteworthy that scaffolds that hold substituent of bulky nature are unable to interact better with active site of targeted enzymes and hence, lower the enzymatic potentials against targeted enzymes. In addition, the active scaffolds such as 7 and 2 were further subjected to molecular docking studies and result obtained revealed that these active scaffolds interacts well both with AChE and BuChE enzymes and forms several key interactions (conventional hydrogen bond, π‐cation, π‐π stacking, π‐π T‐shaped, π‐sulfur and π‐alkyl) with active site of these targeted enzymes. Furthermore, newly afforded scaffolds were characterized by using various spectroscopic tools such as HR‐EI‐MS, 13C NMR and 1HNMR spectroscopy.
HIV prevention metrics: lessons to be learned from contraception
Authors: Pyra Maria , Heffron Renee , Haberer Jessica E. , Kiarie James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs the range of effective HIV prevention options, including multiple biomedical tools, increases, there are many challenges to measuring HIV prevention efforts. In part, there is the challenge of varying prevention needs, between individuals as well as within individuals over time. The field of contraception faces many similar challenges, such as the range of prevention methods and changing contraceptive needs, and has developed many metrics for assessing contraceptive use at the program level, using frameworks that move beyond the HIV prevention cascade. We explore these similarities and differences between these two prevention fields and then discuss how each of these contraceptive metrics could be adapted to assessing HIV prevention.DiscussionWe examined measures of initiation, coverage and persistence. Among measures of initiation, HIV Prevention–Post Testing would be a useful corollary to Contraceptive Use–Post Partum for a subset of the population. As a measure of coverage, both Net Prevention Coverage and HIV Protection Index (modelled off the Contraception Protection Index) may be useful. Finally, as a measure of persistence, Person‐Years of HIV Protection could be adapted from Couple‐Years Protection. As in contraception, most programs will not reach 100% on HIV prevention metrics but these metrics are highly useful for making comparisons.ConclusionsWhile we may not be able to perfectly capture the true population of who would benefit from HIV prevention, by building off the work of the contraceptive field to use and refine these metrics, we can assess and compare HIV prevention over time and across programs. Furthermore, these metrics can help us reach global targets, such as the 2025 UNAIDS Goals, and reduce HIV incidence.
Scylla, Charybdis, and navigating antimicrobial action in the neutrophil phagosome
Authors: Nauseef William M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe text extracted from the initial paragraph of a paper coauthored by Zanvil Cohn, one of the pioneers in the study of leukocyte biology, highlights two phenomena that stimulated investigations of innate immunity in the middle of the last century, namely phagocytosis and intracellular antimicrobial activity. Although many features of phagocytosis have been characterized since that time, fundamental aspects of the antimicrobial action of neutrophils remain unknown. The report by Ashby et al. provides a refined and nuanced look at the interface between an ingested microbe, Staphylococcus aureus, and HOCl generated by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)–H2O2–chloride system in neutrophil phagosomes and represents a holistic approach to the analysis of bactericidal mechanisms that recognizes contributions from both phagocyte and its ingested prey.
BK polyomavirus in Iranian patients with papillary thyroid cancer: Is it a major future challenge?
Authors: Tarharoudi Rahil , Sari Soyar , Sakhaee Fatemeh , Vaziri Farzam , Rahimi Jamnani Fatemeh , Siadat Seyed Davar , Fateh Abolfazl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a well‐known cause of nephropathy in renal transplant recipients. It has recently received much attention from researchers as a major predisposing factor for various cancers. This study aimed to investigate how BKPyV affected the advancement of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 1057 samples were tested for BKPyV DNA and RNA, comprising 645 paraffin‐embedded PTC biopsy samples (PEBS), 412 fresh biopsy samples (FBS), and 1057 adjacent noncancerous samples. The BKPyV DNA was found in 511 (48.3%) of the specimens, including 347 (84.2%) FBS and 164 (25.4%) PEBS. The mean BKPyV copy number was significantly lower in patients with PEBS (0.5 × 10−4 ± 0.1 × 10−4 copies/cell) than in FBS (1.3 × 10−1 ± 0.2 × 10−1 copies/cell) and non‐PTC normal samples (0.3 × 10−5 ± 0.04 × 10−5 copies/cell). The PEBS had lower LT‐Ag RNA expression than FBS, and no VP1 gene transcript expression was detected. In conclusion, although our findings indicated the presence of BKPyV in some Iranian PTC patients, more research is needed to corroborate these findings.
Variations in Practices and Preferences of Vocal Fold Injection Materials: A National Survey
Authors: Kharidia Khush M. , Bensoussan Yael , Rosen Clark A , Johns Michael M , O'Dell Karla 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundVocal fold injection augmentation (VFI) is a common procedure for the treatment of glottic insufficiency. Material options for VFI and decisions regarding material selection are not standardized and often based on clinician preference.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the variations in provider preference and utilization of injectable materials for VFI.MethodsA 40‐question survey was sent to 158 academic laryngologists. Questions pertained to the type of injectable materials used including brand preferences and rationale for preferences.ResultsNinety‐seven of the 158 laryngologists contacted participated in the survey (61.4%). The most frequently used injectable materials were Hyaluronic Acid (HA)‐based products. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)‐based products were preferred for trial augmentation (57.2%), HA‐based products were preferred for acute/subacute vocal fold paralysis, presbyphonia, and sulcus/scar (54.2%, 61.5%, 44.7%, 41.7% respectively), and Calcium Hydroxyapatite (CaHA)‐based products were preferred for long‐term paralysis (28.1%). CMC‐based products were discontinued by 21.8% of participants, largely due to quick material resorption. 17.8% of participants discontinued HA‐based products largely due to adverse events and 26.0% abandoned CaHA‐based products mostly due to inflammatory properties causing vocal fold stiffness and material unpredictability. Over 30% of respondents reported wanting to reinitiate micronized alloderm Cymetra® as an available injectable.ConclusionOur survey demonstrated that there are significant variations in practice and preferences in regard to injectable material selection for VFI. As there is limited data on the direct material comparison, understanding the rationale behind these variations is crucial to guide new providers in material selection and provide information to patients undergoing these procedures.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 133:1176–1183, 2023
Photoelectron‐Extractive and Ambient‐Stable CsPbBr3@SnO2 Nanocrystals for High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Xiao Hongbin , Fu Jintao , Wei Xingzhan , Wang Baiqian , Qian Qingkai , Huang Jianfeng , Li Ru , Zang Zhigang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe severe recombination of carriers and poor stability against moisture environment have limited the application of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals in photodetection. Herein, a large‐scale synthesis of SnO2‐coated CsPbBr3 NCs (abbreviated to CsPbBr3@SnO2 NCs) has been reported for the first time by combining the water‐triggered transformation of Cs4PbBr6 NCs and the hydrolysis of tin 2‐ethylhexanoate. Owing to the construction of the CsPbBr3/SnO2 heterojunction, the recombination rate of carriers in the CsPbBr3@SnO2 NCs is greatly reduced compared to that of the pristine CsPbBr3 NCs. The stability against water degradation is also improved due to the protection of the SnO2 coating. Accordingly, a CsPbBr3@SnO2‐graphene hybrid device for high‐performance photodetection is demonstrated. Results show that the responsivity of the device reaches 6.2 104 A W−1 at 1 V, which is over 496‐fold of the pristine CsPbBr3 device. This work not only provides a robust approach for the surface modification of CsPbX3 NCs but also offers useful guidance on the optoelectronic applications with CsPbX3 NCs.
It's all part of the customer journey: The impact of augmented reality, chatbots, and social media on the body image and self‐esteem of Generation Z female consumers
Authors: Ameen Nisreen , Cheah Jun‐Hwa , Kumar Satish 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch is needed to identify novel ways to influence Generation Z female consumers' behavior when they interact with various technologies. This study investigates how experiences of using augmented reality, artificial intelligence‐enabled chatbots, and social media when interacting with beauty brands affect body image, self‐esteem, and purchase behavior among female consumers in Generation Z. Through three studies, we propose and test a model drawing on social comparison theory. In Study 1, a survey was completed by Generation Z women (n = 1118). In Study 2 and Study 3, two laboratory experiments were conducted with Generation Z women in Malaysia (n = 250 and n = 200). We show that (1) Generation Z women's perceived augmentation positively affects their body image, self‐esteem, and actual purchase behavior; (2) although trust in social media celebrities positively affects Generation Z women's body image and self‐esteem, the addictive use of social media does not have significant effects; (3) the chatbot support type (assistant vs. friend) has a significant impact on these women's experience; and (4) brand attachment, reputation, and awareness do not have significant effects. This article provides important implications for theory and practice on the behavior of Generation Z females when interacting with various technologies.
Microstructure evolution of transformation induced plasticity seamless steel tube in hydraulic free bulge test
Authors: Zhang Z.C. , Li B. , Kong X.W. , Manabe K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study the hydraulic free bulge test with an internal pressure boosting velocities of 0.5 MPa/s and punch feeding speed of 0.2 mm/s was carried out to study the microstructure evolution of the transformation induced plasticity seamless steel tube in the hydroforming process. The microstructure of the selected parts of the tube after the hydraulic free bulge test were investigated with the optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. The transformation rate of the retained austenite to martensite of the selected parts were determined by the x‐ray diffraction. To study the deformation behavior and obtain the stress‐strain state of the tube, the finite element simulation of the hydraulic free bulge test was also carried out. The results show that the retained austenite in the microstructure of all the selected parts transformed to martensite after the hydraulic free bulge test. In the center part of the tube, the highest transformation rate of 82.84 % was obtained. The retained austenites distribute inside of the ferrite grains transform to martensite firstly under the compressive stress and strain state. The retained austenites distribute at the ferrite grain boundaries start to transforme into martensite when the tube is subjected to the tensile stress and strain.
Parametric investigation on behaviour of carbon fiber reinforced polymers wrapped reinforced concrete columns under eccentric loads
Authors: Fareed S. , Ayub L. , Khan A.R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has proved to be significantly efficient in improving the overall behaviour of reinforced concrete columns. The use of high‐strength concrete in columns not only reduces the size but also gives adequate durability to the structure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete columns depends on numerous parameters, including concrete compressive strength, percentage of steel, cross‐section dimensions, ties spacing and the slenderness ratio. In this work the following parameters are investigated: Concrete compressive strength, percentage of steel, and the slenderness ratio. The focus of experimental investigation was to study the influence of carbon fiber reinforced polymer wrapping on the behaviour of plain concrete columns. Following the experimental investigation, a detailed numerical investigation was conducted to study the influence of the above parameters on the behaviour of eccentrically loaded plain and reinforced concrete columns. The influence of carbon fiber reinforced polymer wrapping on the overall performance was also studied using the available models for predicting the load‐moment interaction of columns to confirm the findings of the numerical investigations. Based on the detailed experimental and numerical investigation it was found that the concrete compressive strength significantly influences the overall behaviour of the reinforced concrete columns subjected to eccentric loadings.
The external validation of the asthma prediction tool in the French ELFE cohort
Authors: Khan Sadia , Ouaalaya El Hassane , Chamberlain Jonviea D. , Dufourg Marie‐Noëlle , Charles Marie‐Aline , Semjen Chantal R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundExisting predictive scores for early identification of children at high risk of developing asthma include invasive procedures, and hence have limited utility in a primary care setting. The Leicestershire respiratory cohort (LRC) has developed a noninvasive asthma prediction tool (APT) for children with promising results. We aimed to perform its external validation in the French general population Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) cohort.MethodsPredictive scores were determined at Age 1 and the primary outcome of asthma was defined as parental reporting of “asthma ever or “wheezing in the past 12 months” at Age 5. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and performance measures, and discriminative performance was reported using the receiver operating curve and area under curve (AUC). Calibration was assessed using Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test and visualized with a calibration plot. Overall performance was determined using Brier scores.ResultsOf the 10,689 children analyzed: 84.9% were at low, 13.1% medium, and 2% at high risk of developing asthma at Age 5. Children in the medium‐risk category were three times more likely to develop asthma (OR = 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.97–3.78) whereas 13 times more likely in the high‐risk category (OR = 13.8, 95% CI = 10.2–18.8). The tool's AUC was comparable: LRC 0.74 versus ELFE 0.68; as were the Brier scores LRC 0.16 versus ELFE 0.14. The tool's performance was robust to changes in inclusion criteria and outcome definitions.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of the present study and previous validation studies performed in high‐risk populations provide a comprehensive measure of the effectiveness of the APT, providing encouragement for its application by general practitioners.
Exhausted Cr(VI) Sensing/Removal Aerogels Are Recycled for Water Purification and Solar‐Thermal Energy Generation
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Li Meng , Shi Quanyu , Guo Hongmin , Wang Lidong , Guo Xiaolin , Chen Zhijun , Sessler Jonathan L. , Xiao Huining , James Tony D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeavy metal pollution has resulted in numerous environmental challenges. However, classic approaches, involving the use of solid adsorbents are subject to limitations, including the high energy consumption required for processing before and after use. Accordingly, strategies that facilitate the use of metal capture media that extends beyond waste remediation are attractive. Herein, a porous fluorescent aerogel (CPC aerogel) is constructed by immersing amino‐based carbon dots (CDs‐NH2) into a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) aerogel network for the simultaneous detection and adsorption of Cr(VI). Adsorption experiments confirm that the CMC/PEI containing CDs‐NH2 aerogel (CPC aerogel) exhibits good Cr(VI) extraction capacity, and can reach a level that conforms with industrial water safety standards. In addition, the CPC aerogel can continuously detect and remove Cr(VI) at high flux. Following Cr(VI) absorption, the CPC aerogel may be vulcanized (MSx‐CPC gel) and used for solar thermoelectric generation resulting in power generation. Additionally, the MSx‐CPC gel can be used for solar steam generation and exhibits excellent evaporation rates of ≈1.31 kg m–2 h–1 under one sun irradiation. The results serve to underscore how materials designed for metal ion recognition and adsorption once exhausted can be exploited to provide materials for solar thermoelectric power generation and seawater desalination.
Entropy service for secure real‐time mission critical communications
Authors: Zeydan Engin , Turk Yekta , Tasbag Yaman Yagiz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReal Time Mission Critical Communication (RTMCC) in emergency situations can include real‐time video and audio calls between peers and first responders all occurring simultaneously. RTMCC also requires secure end‐to‐end (E2E) group communication (GC) sessions against potential security threats during such incidents. In this paper, we explore all aspects of the possible methods that are suitable for a software implementation of for session key change during GC in E2E encryption of RTMCC. Later, we introduce our Entropy Service concept, which can be very effective in secure E2E RTMCC sessions. The proposed method ensures E2E security in real‐time communication systems while allowing very fast session key change for clients involved in an RTMCC session with a computational complexity of 𝒪(1). Our experimental results show that the proposed Entropy Service can reduce total time by 99.6% and 99.2%, the idle time by 99.4% and 98.99%, and the number of messages by 51.4% and 35.33% compared to the key refreshing and hash methods, respectively, when the number of users in the system increases to 45. These results show that both communication and computation complexity are significantly reduced with the proposed RTMCC session key change.
Progress in magnetic resonance imaging of autism model mice brain
Authors: Yang Dingding , Zhao Yan , Nie Binbin , An Leiting , Wan Xiangdong , Wang Yazhou , Wang Wenting , Cai Guohong , Wu Shengxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by social disorder and stereotypical behaviors with an increasing incidence. ASD patients are suffering from varying degrees of mental retardation and language development abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technology to detect brain structural and functional dysfunction in vivo, playing an important role in the early diagnosisbasic research of ASD. High‐field, small‐animal MRI in basic research of autism model mice has provided a new approach to research the pathogenesis, characteristics, and intervention efficacy in autism. This article reviews MRI studies of mouse models of autism over the past 20 years. Reduced gray matter, abnormal connections of brain networks, and abnormal development of white matter fibers have been demonstrated in these studies, which are present in different proportions in the various mouse models. This provides a more macroscopic view for subsequent research on autism model mice.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Genes and Environment
Neuroscience > Computation
Neuroscience > Genes, Molecules, and Cells
Neuroscience > Development
Overview of hydrogen economy in Australia
Authors: Kar Sanjay Kumar , Sinha Akhoury Sudhir Kumar , Bansal Rohit , Shabani Bahman , Harichandan Sidhartha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrogen economy is on the verge of expansion across the globe. Leading economies like Japan, South Korea, China, the United States of America, Germany, and Australia are steadily pushing for greater hydrogen integration into their energy systems. Australia's thrust on the hydrogen economy becomes prominent with clear strategic actions to enhance clean technology‐based hydrogen production. The paper critically analyses Australia's strategies and policies to expand its hydrogen economy. The paper found that Australia fixed ambitious targets to increase hydrogen penetration in the domestic market and export to Japan, China, and South Korea. Australia's national hydrogen strategy emphasized creating a strong hydrogen value chain to capitalize on abundant renewable resources. This article affirms that Australia has enormous potential for cost‐competitive green hydrogen production and export. Australia's cost‐competitive green hydrogen production with modern supply chain infrastructure will offer competitive advantages over the other exporters. States/regions are trying to align their hydrogen policies and strategies along the lines of the national strategy. However, some concerns demand timely attention from the stakeholders. Australia should address multiple challenges, including a lack of investment, lower public awareness, and insufficient infrastructure to push hydrogen adoption in the domestic market. Further, Australia must utilize its strengths to take advantage of the emerging hydrogen markets in Japan, China, and South Korea.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Other Renewables
Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Policy and Economics > Regional and International Strategies