bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M-acetylcholine Receptors Regulate Inflammatory Responses Through Arginases 1/2 in Zebrafish
Authors: Chen anqi , Liu Wei , He Shi-min , Zhang Ling , Lv Shi-jie , Qiu Cheng-zeng , Liu Hui-ru , Wei Mei-li , Ren Da-long 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are widely expressed in parasympathetic effector cells and have been proved to play vital roles in synaptic transmission, smooth muscle contraction, digestive secretion. However, there are relatively few literatures revealing the roles of mAChRs in inflammatory process, and its underlying regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Taking the advantages of live imaging of zebrafish, we found that inhibition of mAChRs resulted in increased neutrophils recruitment and proinflammatory cytokines expression, whereas activation of mAChRs led to opposite outcome. Subsequently, we found that mAChRs regulated the expression of arginases (args), and pharmacological intervention of args level could reverse the effects of mAChRs on neutrophils migration and cytokines expression, suggesting that args are important downstream proteins of mAChRs that mediate its regulation of inflammatory response. In this study, we identified Args as novel downstream proteins of mAChRs in the inflammatory process, provided additional evidence for peripheral immune regulation of cholinergic receptors.
Serum Unconjugated Bilirubin as a Predictor of Specific Cellular Immunity Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients after Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Jiaqing , Lai Changchun , Deng Min , Deng Xuanying , Wang Yan , Zhou Qiang , Liu Yichu , Li Wan , Li Pingchao , Zhu Jinhong , Fang Jiali , Hou Jingcai , Li Na , Lai Xingqiang , Ma Feifei , Li Ning , Li Guanghui , Kong Weiya , Zhang Weiting , Kang Jiale , Li Jiali , Chen Haoyu , Feng Liqiang , Chen Zheng , Chen Ling , ji tianxing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose

The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is poor in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The factors related to poor immunogenicity to vaccination in KTRs are not well defined.

Methods

An observational study was conducted in KTRs and healthy individuals who had received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain found in the S1 subunit of the spike protein, and against nucleocapsid protein were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receptor-binding domain (RBD)-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interaction-blocking antibodies were measured using commercial kits. T cell responses against the spike and nucleocapsid proteins were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.

Results

No severe adverse effects were observed in KTRs after first or second dose of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. IgG antibodies against the receptor- binding domain, and nucleocapsid protein were not effectively induced in a majority of KTRs after second dose of inactivated vaccine. Specific T cell immunity response was detectable in 32%-40% KTRs after second doses of inactivated vaccine. KTRs who developed specific T cell immunity were more likely to be female, and have lower levels of total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and blood tacrolimus concentration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that blood unconjugated bilirubin was significantly negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity response in k KTRs.

Conclusions

Specific T cell immunity response could be induced in 32%-40% KTRs after two doses of inactivated vaccine. Blood unconjugated bilirubin was negatively associated with specific cellular immunity response in KTRs following vaccination.
3D Printed Models In Pregnancy And Its Utility In Improving Psychological Constructs: A Case Series
Authors: Coté John Joseph , Coté Brayden Patric , Badura-Brack Amy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Additive manufacturing is being utilized in almost every aspect of medicine. 3D printing has especially been used in conjunction with 3D ultrasonography to assist in antenatal assessment and presurgical planning with fetal malformations. As printing capabilities improve and applications are explored there may be more advantages for all parents to visualize and touch 3D printed models of their fetus. Case Presentation: We present three cases involving 3D printed models and four different but interrelated psychological constructs- antenatal depression, antenatal anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment, and paternal-fetal attachment. Each case shows for the first time possible beneficial effects within these prevalent and significant problems.Conclusions: The degree to which the anxiety, depression, and attachment scores improved after the presentation of the 3D printed models is encouraging. Randomized controlled trials utilizing 3D printed models to improve psychological constructs should be supported considering the findings within these four cases.
Integrating Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for Hydro-geomorphic Characterization of sub-watersheds in Geba River Basin, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Godif Gebremedhin , B.R.Manjunatha  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Geba River Basin, which is the site of high socio-economic importance, is affected by high water stress, frequent drought, flooding, and soil erosion. Yet, its hydro-geomorphology is not well investigated. This study focuses on characterizing the hydro-geomorphology of sub-watersheds found in the Geba River basin in terms of their topographic ruggedness, groundwater recharge potentiality, and soil erosion susceptibility. During the study, many step-wise procedures have been followed: First, the entire drainage basin was segmented into 12- sub-watersheds using the DEM as a database and GIS as a data processing environment. Second, the drainage network of each of the watersheds was generated by assigning a common threshold value. Third, geomorphic parameters that characterize the sub-watersheds were quantified using the GIS processing function and standardized mathematical equations. Forth, the compound factor value of each of the parameters was calculated using the weighted sum approach. Finally, using the calculated compound factor as an input, the sub-watersheds were ranked in terms of their topographic ruggedness, groundwater recharge potentiality, and soil erosion susceptibility. Results show that sub-watershed-5, sub-watershed-8, and sub-watershed − 9 are characterized by a steep slope and high rugged topography compared to the other sub-watersheds. Further, sub-watershed-4 and sub-watershed-6 are the most promising sites for groundwater recharge potential. Moreover, sub-watershed-1, sub-watershed-5, and sub-watershed-9 are the most susceptible to soil erosion. It is strongly believed that the output of this work helps planners and decision-makers in resource conservation measures and selection of groundwater recharge potential sites.
The Effects Of Synbiotic Supplementation On Enteral Feeding Tolerance, Protein Homeostasis And Muscle Wasting Of Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Seifi Najmeh , Rezvani Reza , Sedaghat Alireza , Nematy Mohsen , Khadem-rezaiyan Majid , Safarian Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Enteral feeding intolerance, energy-protein malnutrition, and muscle wasting are common conditions in the critical care setting. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplementation on enteral feed volume, energy and protein homeostasis, and muscle mass maintenance in critically ill adult patients. Methods: A consecutive of 42 patients admitted to the Edalatian Medical ICU, requiring enteral nutrition (EN) were prospectively randomized to receive the synbiotic capsule (containing a combination of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and fructooligosaccharides) or placebo (21 patients in each group) for a maximum of 14 days.Results: Mean EN volume, energy, and protein intake were 962.5±533.82 ml, 770±427.05 kcal and 38.5±21.35 g (fourth day) vs. 590±321.1 ml, 472±256.81 kcal, and 23.6±12.84 g (first day) in the synbiotic group (p<0.05). Changes in the placebo group were not statistically significant. On day 1 nitrogen balance (NB) was -19.84±8.03 in the synbiotic vs. -10.99±9.12 in the placebo group (p=0.003). On day 14, NB was -14.18±13.05 in the synbiotic and -9.59±7.71 in the placebo group (p=0.41). Mid-arm circumference (MAC), 24-hour urine creatinine, and creatinine-height index were almost steady in the synbiotic group, while they decreased in the placebo group.Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that enteral nutrition supplemented with synbiotics may increase enteral feed volume, energy and protein intake during the first four days. It is also associated with nitrogen balance improvement and muscle mass maintenance of critically ill adult patients.Clinical Trial Registration Number: The trial protocol has been approved in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at 2019-03-17. The registration reference is IRCT20190227042857N1.
Comunidades Que Sustentam a Agricultura (Csas): Materializando o Associativismo Sustentável e a Economia Solidária?!
Authors: Bertolaia Denilson , Queda Oriowaldo , Ribeiro Maria Lúcia 
Published: March 2022

A aliança entre consumidores buscando alimentos saborosos, nutritivos e orgânicos e os agricultores familiares, desvalorizados social, econômica e culturalmente, representa um passo significativo no momento atual, pois pactuam com um organismo agrícola sustentável, denominado, no Brasil, Comunidades que Sustentam a Agricultura (CSAs). Esse modelo agrícola orgânico e natural, de circuito curto de produção, que elimina atravessadores, é alicerçado nos valores da economia solidária, da autogestão e da ajuda mútua. O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade das CSAs pesquisadas nas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica buscando constatar a efetividade dos princípios e dos valores da economia solidária. Como lócus da pesquisa, foram determinadas duas comunidades do Estado de São Paulo. O desenho metodológico compreendeu visitas às CSAs e a aplicação de questionários destinados aos agricultores responsáveis pelas CSAs abordando as seguintes categorias: constituição, produção, registros e contabilidade. Foram trabalhadas pesquisas qualitativa e quantitativa como metodologias para descrever as ações dos gestores, o período e as regiões estudadas, bem como para aferir as similaridades e as diferenças numéricas das CSAs. Assim, constatou-se que essas organizações são constituídas; funcionam há mais de cinco anos; têm área superior a quatro hectares e meio; são constituídas por mais de três agricultores e de 35 coagricultores; os agricultores são assalariados; e não usam agrotóxicos. Esses resultados permitiram estabelecer parâmetros para subsidiar melhorias e aperfeiçoamentos na funcionalidade das CSAs pesquisadas por meio da apresentação de propostas para otimizar recursos e de avanços nas pesquisas acadêmicas em prol desses modelos de organismos agrícolas.
Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation
Authors: Hamstra Sophie I. , Roy Brian D. , Tiidus Peter , MacNeil Adam J. , Klentrou Panagiota , MacPherson Rebecca E.K. , Fajardo Val A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Lithium is most well-known for its mood-stabilizing effects in the treatment of bipolar
disorder. Due to its narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.2 mM serum concentration), there is a stigma
associated with lithium treatment and the adverse effects that can occur at therapeutic doses. However,
several studies have indicated that doses of lithium under the predetermined therapeutic dose
used in bipolar disorder treatment may have beneficial effects not only in the brain but across the
body. Currently, literature shows that low-dose lithium (≤0.5 mM) may be beneficial for cardiovascular,
musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cognitive function, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant
processes of the aging body. There is also some evidence of low-dose lithium exerting a similar and
sometimes synergistic effect on these systems. This review summarizes these findings with a focus
on low-dose lithium’s potential benefits on the aging process and age-related diseases of these systems,
such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity and type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s
disease, and the chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as inflammaging. Although
lithium’s actions have been widely studied in the brain, the study of the potential benefits of lithium,
particularly at a low dose, is still relatively novel. Therefore, this review aims to provide possible
mechanistic insights for future research in this field.
A Possible Causal Involvement of Neuroinflammatory, Purinergic P2X7 Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Tang Yong , Illes Peter , Zhang Ying , Yin Hai-Yan , Rubini Patrizia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:P2X7 receptors (Rs) are prominent members of the P2XR family, which after binding ATP, open non-selective cationic channels, thereby allowing the transmembrane passage of Na+, Ca2+, and K+. Long-lasting and repetitive stimulation of the receptor by its agonist leads to the formation of large membrane pores permeable for organic cations of up to 900 Da molecular size. These pores are believed to play a role in apoptosis and inflammation. P2X7Rs are located primarily at peripheral macrophages and microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the CNS. The coactivation of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide, a constituent of the cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and the P2X7R by ATP leads to the generation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Together with the microglial release of chemokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, proteases, and excitotoxic glutamate, these cytokines result in neurodegeneration. P2X7Rs were found not only to amplify various neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, but also to participate in a range of psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and an autism spectrum disorder. Based on the prevention/reversal of neuroinflammation, pharmacological antagonists of P2X7Rs and their genetic deletion in animal experiments counteract these deleterious psychiatric conditions. Hence, brain penetrant P2X7R antagonists are potential therapeutics for psychiatric diseases, although the available evidence still needs to be extended and validated by further clinical data.
Regulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and/ or
Acitretin on Adam10 Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model
Authors: Abu Nasra Noha O. , Elzayat Emad M. , Dawood Kamal M. , Hagag Naglaa M. , Yehya Manal M. , Hosney Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized
by progressive cognitive deterioration. All recent therapeutic strategies tend to inhibit the generation
of the Aβ peptide. These approaches tend to mediate both α- and γ-secretases to undergo the nonamyloidogenic
pathway. ADAM10 is the main α-secretase that cleaves APP, and it is regulated by the
metabolic product of vitamin A (retinoic acid), which is being widely used recently in AD research as a
target for treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are also used recently as a promising regenerative
therapy for AD.

Objectives:
The present study aimed to: (1) study the effect of MSCs with/without acitretin on the regulation
of Adam10 gene expression in AlCl3-induced AD rat model, and (2) validate the hypothesis that AD
is a time-dependent progressive disease that spreads spontaneously even after the stopping of exposure to
AlCl3.

Methods:
The experimental work has been designed to include three successive phases; AlCl3 induction
phase (I), AlCl3 withdrawal phase (W), and therapeutic phase (T). Forty-five male albino Wistar rats were
randomly divided into 2 main groups: the control (C) group (15 rats) and AD group (30 rats). The therapeutic
potential of MSCs with/without acitretin has been evaluated at behavioral, physiological, molecular,
and histopathological levels.

Results:
Among the three therapeutic groups, combined administration of both MSC and acitretin showed
the best compensatory effects on most of the measured parameters.

Conclusion:
The present study approved that AD is a time-dependent progressive disease which spreads
spontaneously without more AlCl3 exposure.
Effect of Calamintha officinalis on Vascular Contractility and Angiotensinconverting Enzyme-2
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Azzane Amine , Azzaoui Bouchra , Akdad Mourad , Bouadid Ismail 
Published: March 2022

Aims:The study aimed to assess the antihypertensive activity of Calamintha officinalis.Background:Calamintha officinalis (CO) is a medicinal and aromatic herb as well as an antihypertensive plant that is widely used for its medicinal properties in several regions.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Calamintha officinalis (AECO) on vasorelaxant activity and arterial blood pressure under normal and hypertensive states in rats. Additionally, the effect of AECO on vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) was assessed.Material and Methods:In the current study, AECO (100 mg/Kg) was prepared, and its antihypertensive ability was assessed in L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for 6 h for the acute experiment and during seven days for the subchronic treatment.Results:The results indicated that AECO reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. In addition, the study showed that AECO exerts a vasorelaxant ability through the sGC-cGMP induction pathway, vascular cyclooxygenase pathway, and the opening of K+ channels. However, AECO had no inhibitory effect on aortic ACE-2.Conclusion:The study illustrates the beneficial action of AECO as an antihypertensive and vasorelaxant agent.
Challenges and Approaches of Drugs Such as Memantine,
Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Aducanumab in the Treatment,
Control and Management of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Saeedi Mohammad , Mehranfar Fatemeh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of neuropsychiatric illness that affects the
central nervous system. In this disease, the accumulation of amyloid-beta increases, and
phosphorylated tau (P-tau) protein is one of the ways to treat this disease is to reduce the
accumulation of amyloid-beta. Various studies have demonstrated that pharmacological
approaches have considerable effects in the treatment of AD, despite the side effects and
challenges. Cholinesterase inhibitors and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine are
presently authorized therapies for AD. Memantine and Donepezil are the most common
drugs for the prevention and therapy of AD with mechanisms such as lessened β-amyloid
plaque, affecting N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Diminution glutamate and
elevated acetylcholine are some of the influences of medications administrated to treat AD,
and drugs can also play a role in slowing the progression of cognitive and memory impairment.
A new pharmacological approach and strategy are required to control the future
of AD. This review appraises the effects of memantine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and aducanumab
in clinical trials, in vitro and animal model studies that have explored how these
drugs versus AD development and also discuss possible mechanisms of influence on the
brain. Research in clinical trials has substantial findings that support the role of these
medications in AD treatment and ameliorate the safety and efficacy of AD therapy, although
more clinical trials are required to prove their effectiveness.
Protective Role of Eupafolin against Tumor, Inflammation, Melanogenesis,
Viral Disease and Renal Injury: Pharmacological and Analytical Aspects
through Scientific Data Analysis
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Plant derived natural products have been always used in medicine for the treatment of human disorders due to their pharmacological activities and safety profile. Plant derived natural products have been used in food, Nutraceuticals and medicine for the better growth and development. Phytoconstituents are pure chemicals derived from various plant material and some of the best examples are tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, polysaccharides, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. Flavonoids are pure phytochemicals present in plants and their derived products and examples are eupafolin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, myricetin, and luteolin. Flavonoids have different pharmacological activities due to their unique chemical structure and ring substitution.

MethodS:
In the present investigation, various scientific databases, including PubMed, Google, Science Direct and Scopus, have been searched to collect all the needed information of eupafolin. The biological potential and pharmacological activities of eupafolin have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of eupafolin through different scientific works. Detailed pharmacological activities of eupafolin have been collected and analyzed in the present work to know their effectiveness in the medicine for the treatment of human disorders. The importance of analytical techniques for the separation, identification and quantification of eupafolin in medicinal plants has been also investigated in the present work through literature data analysis.

Results:
Analysis of scientific databases revealed that eupafolin is a flavonoid class phytochemical found to be present in Arnica chamissonis, Arnica Montana, Artemisia mongolica, Artemisia princeps, Artemisia scoparia, Chamaemelum nobile, Dimerostemma vestitum, Eupatorium cannabinum, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Gaillardia aristata, Kalanchoe brasiliensis, Kalanchoe pinnata, Korscheltellus gracilis, Lantana montevidensis, Lippia canescens, Lippia dulcis, Phyla nodiflora and Salvia officinalis. Scientific research data analysis revealed the biological importance of eupafolin in medicine due to its anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-oxidant activity. However its potential on melanogenesis, cardiomyocytes, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, glutamate release has been also mentioned in the scientific research work. The study of analytical data revealed the importance of Gas chromatography, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-UV, TLC and UHPLC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis of eupafolin in the medicine and other allied health sectors.

Conclusion:
Eupafolin has a very impressive pharmacological profile and could be used against different types of human disorders.