bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a single-dose Modified Vaccinia Ankara in Human Monkeypox: an observational study
Authors: Arbel Ronen , Sagy Yael Wolff , Zucker Roy , Arieh Noa Gur , Markovits Hila , Abu-Ahmad Wiessam , Battat Erez , Ramot Noga , Carmeli Guy , Mark-Amir Avner , Wagner-Kolasko Gal , Duskin-Bitan Hadar , Yaron Shlomit , Peretz Alon , Hammerman Ariel , Lavie Gil , Netzer Doron 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The recent global outbreak of the human monkeypox virus (MPXV) was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is currently the only FDA-approved vaccine against MPXV that was approved for this indication based on a study in non-human primates. Since there is currently scarce evidence of the efficacy in humans, our objective was to evaluate real-life vaccine effectiveness (VE) after providing one vaccine dose to individuals at risk of MPVX infection.
Methods
The study cohort included all Clalit Health Services (CHS) members eligible for the MVA vaccine as defined by the Israeli Ministry of Health. The study commenced on July 31, 2022, when the MVA vaccination campaign was initiated in CHS, and participants were followed until September 12, 2022. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate the association between vaccination and MPXV infections with adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical risk factors.
Findings
A total of 1,970 subjects met the study eligibility criteria (0.04% of CHS members). Of them, 873 (44%) were vaccinated with MVA and completed at least 25 days of follow-up. 18 infections were confirmed in CHS during the study period, 3 in vaccinated and 15 in unvaccinated status (40.0 versus 6.4 per 100,000 person days). VE was estimated at 79% (95% CI: 24%-94%).
Interpretation
Our results suggest that a single dose of MVA is associated with a significantly lower risk for MPVX infection in high-risk individuals. These findings highlight that urgent MVA vaccination of high-risk individuals may contribute to the containment of the current MPXV outbreak.
“What if I get sick, where shall I go?”: a qualitative investigation of healthcare engagement among young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mwaniki Samuel Waweru , Kaberia Peter Mwenda , Mugo Peter Mwangi , Palanee-Phillips Thesla 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background Globally, young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) experience a disproportionate burden of disease compared to young men in the general population and older MSM. However, YMSM experience major inequities in access and use of healthcare services. There is a paucity of knowledge on the healthcare engagement experiences of YMSM, including tertiary student MSM (TSMSM) in Kenya. We sought to gain a detailed understanding of TSMSM’s healthcare engagement experiences across public, private, institution-based and MSM-friendly health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods In September 2021, in-person qualitative in-depths interviews were conducted among 22 TSMSM purposely drawn from among 248 TSMSM who had previously participated in a respondent-driven sampling integrated bio-behavioral survey. Interviews were done in English, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo version 12. Results Participants were 18–24 years old, all identified as cisgender male, three-quarters as gay and a quarter as bisexual. Themes that emerged from the analysis included: TSMSM’s experiences during healthcare seeking in the various clinical settings, priority healthcare needs, desired healthcare provider (HCP) characteristics and the potential role of digital health interventions in improving access and use of healthcare services. Participants relayed experiences of prejudice, stigma and discrimination when seeking services in public and institution-based health facilities, unlike in community pharmacies, private and MSM-friendly health facilities where they felt they were handled equitably. Healthcare needs prioritized by TSMSM centered on issues around sexual and mental health. Participants desired to have HCPs who were empathetic, non-judgmental and knowledgeable about the unique healthcare needs of MSM. Participants highlighted the usefulness of digital media in offering telehealth doctor consultations and health education on subjects such as prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion During engagement with healthcare, TSMSM experience various barriers that may prompt them to postpone or avoid seeking care hence resulting in poor health outcomes. These findings underscore the need for equipping HCPs with knowledge, skills and cultural competencies to enable them offer equitable services to TSMSM. Considerations should also be made for use of digital interventions in reaching TSMSM with the much needed sexual and mental health services.
Spectral evidence of Wigner crystallisation over a one-dimensional moiré superlattice under magnetic fields
Authors: Wang Bing , Wang Jufeng , Wan Lingyun , Du Hongjian , Ma Chuanxu , Tian Mingyang , Li Junyao , Hu Wei , Tan Shijing , Luo Yi , Yang Jinlong , Hou J. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The advantages of moiré superlattice1,2 in engineering strongly correlated electronic properties have triggered a rising tide on exploration of the fascinating Wigner crystals3 in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures4-8. However, it remains a challenge to investigate one-dimensional (1D) Wigner crystals by constructing quasi-1D moiré superlattice. 1D Wigner crystals were only observed in carbon nanotubes9-12, but the insulating state that strikes at the heart of the strongly-correlated nature is still inaccessible. Here, we demonstrate the robust 1D Wigner crystallisation of dilute electrons over a quasi-1D moiré superlattice with a measured period of 75 nm in the bending Bi(111) film surface, using scanning tunnelling microscopy under magnetic fields in combination with calculations based on the extended Hubbard model13. Our results reveal spectral evidence for the strongly-correlated insulating states of the 1D Wigner crystal and charge density wave (CDW), with distinguishable field-dependent characteristics in the splitting Landau levels. A fairly sharp transition of the CDW into the Wigner crystal appears at the critical magnetic field of about 10.7 T that corresponds to the onset of the non-overlapped cyclotron orbits. Our findings shed light on insightful understanding of the mysterious correlated phenomena in 1D Wigner crystals based on emerging moiré materials.
Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and other emerging contaminants in drinking water
Authors: Villanueva Cristina , Cserbik Dora , Redondo-Hasselerharm Paula , Farré Maria , Sanchís Josep , Bartolomé Arantxa , Paraian Alexandra , Herrera Eva , Caixach Josep , Flores Cintia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A wide range of chemicals were measured in drinking water and urine samples through targeted and non-target screening (NTS) methods to estimate human exposure. Tap water samples were collected from 42 locations in Barcelona (Spain) in August-October 2020 and 27 May 2021. Additionally, tap water samples filtered with domestic activated carbon filters (AC, N=6) and reverse osmosis (RO, N=5), commercial bottled water (N=10), and urine samples (N=39) were included. A total of 35 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including emerging ether-PFAS, bisphenol A and nonylphenol were analyzed using LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS, respectively, and NTS was applied through LC–HRMS. Bisphenol A and nonylphenol were absent in all drinking water samples, 10 PFAS were detected in 69-79% non-filtered tap water, and 5 PFAS were detected in 13% urine samples. PFAS were removed by RO and not by AC filters. NTS tentatively identified pharmaceuticals and other industrial chemicals in drinking water samples.
Mapping Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes, Recombinant Genotypes and Sub- genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kafeero Hussein Mukasa , Ndagire Dorothy , Ocama Ponsiano , Kato Charles Drago , Wampande Eddie , Walusansa Abdul , Kajumbula Henry , Kateete David , Ssenku Jamilu E , Sendagire Hakim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has ten genotypes (A-J) based on the divergence of ≥ 8% in the complete genome. These genotype influence disease prognosis, response to therapy and route of viral transmission. This study aimed at mapping the de novo genotype, sub-genotypes as well as genotype mixtures and correlate them with the immigration trends in order to inform future research about the relative distribution of HBV genotypes from a large sample size. A total of 60 full research articles obtained from reputable electronic data bases which included Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Willy library, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar were analysed for data extraction between February 10th and March 28th 2022. The prevalence of the genotypes, sub-genotypes, recombinant genotypes and I2 statistics for heterogeneity were calculated using MedCalc software version 20.010. The Z-test was used to compare the the relative proportions of the various genotypes by region. The Chi-square test was used for the analysis of the relative prevalence of the emerging genotypes B and C on the African continent by region. In contrast, Fisher’s exact test was used in the analysis of the prevalence of sub-genotypes and genotype mixtures by country. Finally, meta-regression analysis was used for the analysis of the variations in the prevalence of dominant genotype, other genotypes and sub-genotypes/recombinant genotypes over the past 25 years on the continent. Sources of heterogeneity were analysed through meta-regression, and sub-group analysis at 95% CI. A P < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), under the registration number CRD42022300220 Overall, genotype E had the highest pooled prevalence significantly higher than all the other genotypes (p < 0.001). By region, genotype A posted the highest pooled prevalence in eastern and southern, E in west Africa and D in north Africa (p < 0.0001). Additionally, genotype B was significantly higher in south Africa and C in east Africa (p < 0.0001). A1 and B/E were the most prevalent sub-genotypes and recombinant genotypes respectively (p < 0.0001). Finally, we observed a significant decrease in the prevalence of genotype E in west Africa over the years (p = 0.049) and a significant increase in the prevalence of sub-genotypes/recombinant genotypes over the years in north Africa (p = 0.036). Historical and recent continental and intercontinental migrations can provide a plausible explanation for the HBV genotype, sub-genotype and recombinant genotype distribution pattern on the African continent.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine in managing post-embolization pain in children undergoing doxycycline sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformations
Authors: Karnwal Abhishek , Ulloa Morgan , Klein Margaret , Matich Susanne , Zeinati Chadi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose:Anesthetic care for children undergoing sclerotherapy for macrocystic lymphatic malformations with doxycycline is challenging, as they experience significant pain that peaks 1-3 hours after the injection. The aim of the study was to determine if dexmedetomidine is a useful adjuvant for the late-peaking post-operative pain experienced by children undergoing image-guided doxycycline sclerotherapy of macrocystic lymphatic malformations.Methods:This study included retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in 136 consecutive image-guided doxycycline sclerotherapies of macrocystic lymphatic malformations. All patients received general anesthesia and were grouped based on whether dexmedetomidine was administered intraoperatively or not, a decision based on individual anesthesiologists’ preference. In addition, patients received intra and postoperative opioids as needed along with a single dose of intravenous ketorolac. The primary outcome of post-operative pain scores along with secondary outcomes of opioid usage, sedation scores and length-of-stay in post anesthesia care unit were compared. Data was analyzed with "R" and outliers excluded based on Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test.Results:Of the 136 procedures, 45 patients received dexmedetomidine with a mean dose of 0.92mcg/kg. The median IQR pain scores for patients who received dexmedetomidine were significantly lower than pain scores for patients who did not received dexmedetomidine in post anesthesia care unit, at admission (0.00 vs. 4.00, p =<0.001), 1 hour post-admission (0.25 vs. 3.33, p=0.006) and 4 hours post-admission (0.00 vs. 0.033, p=0.033). There was no significant difference in median IQR between the groups for intraoperative or postoperative opioid usage. No adverse events attributable to dexmedetomidine were found after individual case review.Conclusion:We found that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjuvant for the late-peaking pain in children undergoing doxycycline sclerotherapy of macrocystic lymphatic malformations.
Conceptions of Adulthood among Chinese Emerging Adults
Authors: Kuang Jin , Zhong Juan , Arnett Jeffrey Jensen , Hall Daniel L. , Chen Erle , Markwart Michaela , Yeung Albert , zou liye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

With the influence of globalization, Chinese young adults transitioning to adulthood today are cultivated by both traditional Chinese values (e.g., collectivism, Confucian philosophy), as well as Western values (e.g., individualism, independence). The present study aimed to characterize emerging adults’ perception of adulthood in China today in terms of: (1) the criteria for adulthood Chinese emerging adults considered important; (2) the relationships between subjective importance of adulthood status and status as a student or nonstudent; (3) gender; and (4) residency status (rural vs urban). Chinese emerging adults aged 17 to 30 (N=7099; 69% college students; 54% female; 57% with rural residency status) completed a cross-sectional survey between October-November 2021. We found that most Chinese emerging adults feel ambivalent about their adulthood status. The findings suggest that cultural and geographical differences exist between emerging Chinese and Western young adults in their perceptions of entering adulthood. Concerning the self-perceived adulthood status and the subjective importance of criteria, several differences were found among Chinese emerging adults based on gender (male vs female), residency status (rural vs urban) and educational status (student vs non-student).
Early detection of lung cancer in a real-world cohort using a tumor-associated autoantibody blood test combined with imaging
Authors: Liu Zhong , Zhang Feng , Jiang Jianwen , Zhao Chenzhao , Zhu Lu , Liu Chenbing , Li Nan , Qiu Lihong , Shen Chao , Sheng Di , Zeng Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Efficient methods of early detection can reduce lung cancer mortality. Tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAABs) can be a valuable tool for lung cancer detection. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of a panel containing seven TAABs in detection of lung cancer in a population of health examination.
Methods: The serum concentrations of the selective antibodies were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a total of 15,430 subjects was enrolled. The performances of the 7-TAAB panel and LDCT were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each method were compared.
Results: During the 12-month follow-up, 26 subjects were diagnosed with lung cancer. The 7-TAAB panel showed a sensitivity/specificity of 61.5%/88.5%, and its area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.8062, larger than any single TAAB. The sensitivity among stage I patients was 50%. There was no bias for people of different genders and/or at different ages in detection. The panel was with a sensitivity around 60% for lung cancer irrelevant to histological subtype and lesion size. There was a higher diagnosis rate for ground-glass nodules compared with solid ones (83.3% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.0211). The ROC analyses revealed that the detective efficacy of the combined model, consisting of LDCT and the 7-TAAB assay, was significantly better than that of LDCT alone.
Conclusion: Our study proved that the 7-TAAB panel, significantly improving the detective efficacy of LDCT, can be an effective tool in detection of lung cancer in this real-world cohort.
Model projections reveal a recent decrease in a Yellow-legged Gull population after landfill closure
Authors: Delgado Sergio , Tavecchia Giacomo , Herrero Alfredo , Aldalur Asier , Arizaga Juan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The food available in open-air landfills, one of the most common Predictable Anthropogenic Food Subsidies (PAFS), can have a profound impact on animal biodiversity. Understanding how and to what extent PAFS affect wildlife is crucial for a sustainable management of resources. Most large gulls behave as opportunistic foragers and constitute a good avian model to analyse the effect of PAFS reduction on animal populations. Using individual data from a Yellow-legged Gull population collected over a 15-year period we estimated survival and reproductive parameters and used them to parameterize an age-structured population model to explore the effects of the local landfill closure. Local survival probability declined with time as a consequence of the progressive closure of the local landfill sites. The top-ranked models included a quadratic function of time, suggesting an acceleration of mortality during the later years. An effect more pronounced in first year birds than in older birds. Population models predict a decrease of the population and confirmed a greater sensitivity of the population growth rate to adult survival probability. Overall, our results suggest that the reduced carrying capacity of the system resulted after landfill closures has caused a population decline which is expect to continue in the near future.
The Underestimated Cost of Delivered Water from Occasionally Operating Water Projects
Authors: Fei Chengcheng , McCarl Bruce A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many arid areas contain cities that are exhibiting rapid increases in water demand and are considering or developing large, expensive water projects. A number of those projects are expensive to operate and thus are used only under drought with other less costly projects supplying basic needs. But in considering proposed projects, the delivered water cost estimates are typically developed assuming full capacity, year-round operation. This underestimates the cost of water deliveries. In this paper, we examine the magnitude of this underestimate in the context of partially operating desalination possibilities. We find that applying the fixed cost to a plant operating at 10% of capacity can raise the actual delivered water cost by up to 10 times relative to that computed under assumed full operation. Thus, ignoring partial operation biases cost comparisons and may lead cost conscious decision makers to choose more expensive projects. We argue it is desirable to factor in a realistic operation level so as to yield an accurate cost ranking of potential water projects.
White matter changes following electroconvulsive therapy for depression: a multicenter ComBat harmonization approach
Authors: BELGE Jean-Baptiste , Mulder Peter , Diermen Linda van , Schrijvers Didier , Sienaert Pascal , Sabbe Bernard , Oudega Mardien , Tendolkar Indira , Dols Annemieke , Eijndhoven Philip van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ECT is proposed to exert a therapeutic effect on WM microstructure, but the limited power of previous studies made it difficult to highlight consistent patterns of change in diffusion metrics. We initiated a multicenter analysis and sought to address whether changes in WM microstructure occur following ECT. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data (n = 58) from 4 different sites were harmonized before pooling them by using ComBat, a batch-effect correction tool that removes inter-site technical variability, preserves inter-site biological variability, and maximizes statistical power. Downstream statistical analyses aimed to quantify changes in Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity (MD), Radial Diffusivity (RD) and Axial Diffusivity (AD), by employing whole-brain, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). ECT increased FA in the right splenium of the corpus callosum and the left cortico-spinal tract. AD in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus was raised. Increases in MD and RD could be observed in overlapping white matter structures of both hemispheres. At baseline, responders showed significantly smaller FA values in the left forceps major and smaller AD values in the right uncinate fasciculus compared with non-responders. By harmonizing multicenter data, we demonstrate that ECT modulates altered WM microstructure in important brain circuits that are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Furthermore, responders appear to present a more decreased WM integrity at baseline which could point towards a specific subtype of patients, characterized by a more altered neuroplasticity, who are especially sensitive to the potent neuroplastic effects of ECT.
Semi-Flipped Classroom-based Learning Interventions in a Traditional Curriculum of Oral Medicine: Students’ Perceptions and Teaching Achievements
Authors: Hong Yun , Wu Jiaying , Wu Jie , Xu Huaimin , Li Xiaolan , Lin Zhengmei , Xia Juan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: In recent years, flipped classes have emerged and become popular in college education. However, they are still not applied comprehensively in medical education owing to the limitations of class time and the lack of objective evaluations of the learning outcomes. This study analysed three educational methods that can be used in oral medicine courses: online education, offline education, and semi-flipped classes.
Methods: We used two surveys to evaluate the three educational methods. In the first survey 46 teachers and 238 undergraduates shared their experience of the live-streaming and traditional offline courses offered in the different oral medicine curricula; we used anonymous questionnaires to evaluate their class experience. In the second survey 94 students shared their experience of the semi-flipped and traditional classrooms. Students (who attended the semi-flipped class) in the experimental group learned about the oral mucosa disease by themselves using an online video course and then participated in offline interaction with teachers. The evaluation of the above educational methods was conducted using the anonymous questionnaires and final exam assessment.
Results: According to the first survey, teachers and students both agreed that the overall teaching experience and learning effectiveness in offline education are superior to those in online education. According to the second survey, students who participated in the semi-flipped classes performed better in the final exam than those who participated in the simple offline classes. Additionally, the survey showed that the new teaching method helped students gain more knowledge and positively influenced their clinical practice.
Conclusions: Compared with the online and offline educational methods, the semi-flipped classrooms showed better results in both the questionnaire and final exam assessment. Hence, the effectiveness of medical education can be improved by adopting a teaching mode that combines online and offline teaching methods. Scientific and logical semi-flipped classroom designs, along with their effective implementation, would eventually make semi-flipped classrooms an important tool for medical education.