bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up-Frameshift Suppressor 3 as a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates: A pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Xu Jianduo , Ma Hongqing , Shan Baoen 
Published: October 2022

Background
The mRNA expression of protein Up-Frameshift Suppressor 3 Homolog B (UPF3B) differ in different tumors. However, the clinical relevance of UPF3B in cancer patients, such as with prognosis, tumor stage, and levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells remain unclear.

Methods
We performed bioinformatics analysis of UPF3B with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (https://xenabrowser.net) and TIMER2.0 (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0, http://timer.comp-genomics.org/). UPF3B expression in 33 cancers versus counterpart normal tissues was analyzed using TCGA pan-cancer data. The influence of UPF3B in long-term prognosis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method, and the associations between UPF3B transcription levels and immune-related gene expression, immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment (TME) score are analyzed by spearman correlation analysis. Enrichment analysis of UPF3B was conducted using the R package “clusterProfiler.”

Results
The transcriptional level of UPF3B was dysregulated in the human pan-cancer dataset. A significant correlation was found between the expression of UPF3B and the pathological stage of Esophageal Carcinoma (ESCA), Kidney Chromophobe (KIHC), Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), and Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM). Multiple cancer types with high transcriptional levels of UPF3B were associated with a significantly worse prognosis. The functions of expressed UPF3B gene are primarily related to ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, cell cycle, and mRNA surveillance pathway. Our results also show that immune cells infiltration and immunosuppressive markers such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 significantly correlate with UPF3B expression.

Conclusions
In the present study, we synthetically explored the expression status and prognostic significance of UPF3B, and the relationship with clinic characters and immune microenvironment across cancers. Our results may provide novel insights for UPF3B as an immunotherapeutic target and valuable prognostic biomarker in various malignant tumor.
Impact of long-lasting moderate-intensity stage cycling event on cardiac function in young female athletes: A case study
Authors: Le Douairon Lahaye Solène , Kervio Gaëlle , Menard Vincent , Barrero Anna , Lachard Thibault , Carrault Guy , Matelot David , Carré François , Schnell Frédéric 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Effects of intense and/or prolonged exercise have been studied extensively in male athletes. Nevertheless, data are scare on the effect of long duration events on cardiac function in female athletes. Our aim was to investigate the effect of a long-lasting moderate-intensity stage cycling event on cardiac function of young female athletes.

Methods
Seven well-trained female cyclists were included. They completed a cycling event of 3529 km on 23 days. All underwent an echocardiography on 6 time-points (baseline and at the arrival of day (D) 3, 7, 12, 13 and 23). Cardiac function was assessed by conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking techniques. Daily exercise load was determined by heart rate (HR), power output and rate of perceived exertion data (RPE, Borg scale).

Results
All stages were mainly done at moderate intensity (average HR: 65% of maximal, average aerobic power output: 36% of maximal, average RPE: 4). Resting HR measured at the time of echocardiography did not vary during the event. Resting cardiac dimensions did not significantly change during the 23 days of cycling. No significant modification of cardiac function, whatever the studied cavity, were observed all along the event.

Conclusion
The results suggest that, in the context of our case study, the long-lasting moderate-intensity stage cycling event was not associated with cardiac function alteration. Nevertheless, we must be careful in interpreting them due to the limits of an underpowered study.
Neuroplasticity of peripheral axonal properties after ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Hung-Ju , Tani Jowy , Lin Cindy Shin-Yi , Chang Tsui-San , Lin Yi-Chen , Hsu Ting-Wei , Sung Jia-Ying 
Published: October 2022

Objective
This study investigated how peripheral axonal excitability changes in ischemic stroke patients with hemiparesis or hemiplegia, reflecting the plasticity of motor axons due to corticospinal tract alterations along the poststroke stage.

Methods
Each subject received a clinical evaluation, nerve conduction study, and nerve excitability test. Nerve excitability tests were performed on motor median nerves in paretic and non-paretic limbs in the acute stage of stroke. Control nerve excitability test data were obtained from age-matched control subjects. Some patients underwent excitability examinations several times in subacute or chronic stages.

Results
A total of thirty patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. Eight patients were excluded due to severe entrapment neuropathy in the median nerve. The threshold current for 50% compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was higher in paretic limbs than in control subjects. Furthermore, in the cohort with severe patients (muscle power ≤ 3/5 in affected hands), increased threshold current for 50% CMAP and reduced subexcitability were noted in affected limbs than in unaffected limbs. In addition, in the subsequent study of those severe patients, threshold electrotonus increased in the hyperpolarization direction: TEh (100–109 ms), and the minimum I/V slope decreased. The above findings suggest the less excitable and less accommodation in lower motor axons in the paretic limb caused by ischemic stroke.

Conclusion
Upper motor neuron injury after stroke can alter nerve excitability in lower motor neurons, and the changes are more obvious in severely paretic limbs. The accommodative changes of axons progress from the subacute to the chronic stage after stroke. Further investigation is necessary to explore the downstream effects of an upper motor neuron insult in the peripheral nerve system.
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes in a suburb of Shanghai, China
Authors: Tan Huiling , Wang Xin , Ye Kaiyou , Lin Jianmin , Song E. , Gong Lihua 
Published: October 2022

Background
To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a suburb (Qingpu) of Shanghai, China.

Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 7462 residents with T2DM in Qingpu were enrolled according to the resident health archives from January 2020 to December 2020. Blood and urine samples of the subjects were collected. Disc- and macula-centred retinal images were taken to assess DR. SPSS was used to analyse and investigate the prevalence and risk factors of DR.

Results
The fundus images of 6380 (85.5%) subjects were of sufficiently good quality for grading. The average (range) age of 6380 subjects was 63.46±7.77 (28–92) years. Six hundred forty-four subjects were diagnosed with DR. The prevalence of DR was 10.1% (95% CI 9.4%-10.8%), with mild, moderate, and severe non-proliferative retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy being 2.1%, 6.3%, 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The prevalence of bilateral DR was 6.5%. Higher T2DM duration (OR, 1.057), fasting plasma glucose (OR, 1.063), glycated hemoglobinA1c (OR, 1.269), urea nitrogen (OR, 1.059), and urinary albumin (OR, 1.001) were associated with the higher DR prevalence.

Conclusion
The prevalence of DR among Chinese adults with T2DM in Qingpu was 10.1%, in which non-proliferative DR was more common. Higher fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobinA1c are well-known risk factors of DR, consistent with the findings in our study. Our study didn’t find the risk between lipid indicators and DR. However, several renal function indicators, like higher urea nitrogen and urinary albumin, were risk factors for DR in this study. Appropriate diagnosis and intervention should be taken in time to prevent and control DR development.
Alternation phenomena and language proficiency: the genitive alternation in the spoken language of EFL learners
Authors: Dubois Tanguy , Paquot Magali , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigates how foreign language proficiency, which previous corpus-based research on alternation phenomena has largely ignored, influences the choice of genitive variant (the tail of the dog/the dog’s tail) in learners of English as a Foreign Language. The data stems from the Trinity Lancaster Corpus, a three-million-word corpus featuring spoken language from low-intermediate to advanced learners of English from several L1 backgrounds. The collected genitive observations were annotated for various constraints such as the length, animacy, definiteness and discourse status of the constituents and then analyzed via mixed-effects logistic regression. The results show that although native speakers and learners are remarkably similar, low-proficiency learners are less sensitive to possessor definiteness and possessor animacy, the latter of which is otherwise the strongest constraint of the genitive alternation.
Assessing the efficacy and safety of Unani pharmacopoeial formulations in dermatophytosis (quba) – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Naseem Saima , Nawab Mohammad , Fatima Syeda Hajra , Minhajuddin Ahmed , Khan Asif Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The recent trends of rising unresponsive cases of dermatophytosis to conventional therapies pose a challenge in clinical practice. Unani medicine offers effective treatment for dermatophytosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Unani herbo-mineral preparations Qurs-e-Asfar (QA) and Rogan-e-Narjeel (RN) in dermatophytosis.

Methods
This was a randomized, active-controlled and open-label clinical study. The participants diagnosed with dermatophytosis (n=78) randomized into treatment group (n=40) receiving oral QA (778 mg twice a day) and topical RN and control group (n=38) receiving oral Itraconazole (100 mg/day) and topical Terbinafine hydrochloride (1%) for 6 weeks.

Results
We found post-treatment improvement in itching by 86.3% vs. 78% (treatment vs. control group), erythema by 96.4% vs. 94.3%, scaling by 93% vs. 92.2% and peripheral raised margins by 82.3% vs. 81%. Furthermore, this study showed that the differences in the mean Total Signs and Symptoms Score (TSSS) and positive KOH mount were clinically and statistically significant (p<0.05) in both the groups. On comparing inter group, the differences in mean TSSS (p=0.07) and positive KOH mount (p=0.717) were found statistically insignificant.

Conclusions
This study concludes that the formulations QA and RN were effective and safe in the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Utilization Management in the Medicare Part D Program and Prescription Drug Utilization
Authors: Andersen Martin S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Medicare Part D has significantly enhanced access to prescription drugs among Medicare beneficiaries. However, the recent rapid rise of utilization management policies in the Medicare Part D program may have adversely affected access to prescription drugs. I study the effects of expected and observed exposure to utilization management in prescription drug utilization using Medicare Part D claims data from 2009 to 2016 and an instrumental variables strategy based on the interaction of lagged health status and the set of plans available to each beneficiary. I find that the expected share of spending subject to utilization management increases the observed share, with the smallest effect for prior authorization. Increases in the expected share of drug spending subject to prior authorization increases Part D spending by $122.27 per percentage point, with almost three-quarters of this increase being paid by the Medicare program, rather than beneficiaries or plans. Comparable increases in step therapy and quantity limit exposure increase spending by $46 and decrease spending by $31, respectively. Interestingly, increased exposure to prior authorization and quantity limits increases the average price per 30-day prescription.
Radial distribution of pump and signal intensities in step index EDFA for LP11 mode in Kerr nonlinear condition
Authors: Ray Biplab Kumar , Majumdar Angshuman , Gangopadhyay Sankar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an all-optical communication system, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier performs a very significant role. The effectiveness of the operation of this kind of amplifier depends on different parameters of the amplifier. Variation of the intensities of pump and signal with distance along the radius of the fiber from the core axis is one such significant parameter. In our present case, we have studied the distribution of the intensities of both the pump and signal along the radius of the fiber in an erbium-doped dual-mode fiber amplifier for the LP11 mode. In the present case, some step-index fibers of different normalized frequencies have opted. Our study is an application of the Chebyshev technique expressing the LP11 modal field in the form of a power series. A little computation is required for the prediction of the concerned results by this technique. Results obtained from this study show an excellent match with those found by the rigorous finite element method establishing its accuracy. This study using such a user-friendly and accurate technique will be helpful to the optical engineers involved in this domain.
The Excess of Moderation: Clement of Alexandria against Laughter
Authors: García-Peláez María-Elena , López-Farjeat Luis Xavier 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this article is to revisit Clement of Alexandria’s Paedagogus 2.5.45-8 discussing whether Clement holds a moderate position οf laughter or, like most early Christians, tends to an “antigelastic” position. Some scholars, such as Stephen Halliwell and Laura Rizzerio, have concluded that Clement holds an intermediate position between an optimistic approach to laughter and its condemnation. However, in this essay we argue that while Clement’s position is not a straightforward antigelastic one, his apparent acceptance of laughter is so narrow that his moderate view ends up being compromised. Ultimately, he is strongly inclined to condemn laughter and to prescribe an ascetic life devoid of laughter.
Framing the Ethical Boundaries of Humor
Authors: Poplar David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Humor is unlike other forms of communication because its content is not meant literally. Like acts of play, humor is not intended to be taken at face value. As a consequence, the assumptions and rules that govern normal conversation do not apply. Humor therefore depends upon both the speaker and the audience fully understanding that what was communicated should be treated in this unique way. The play frame refers to this shared understanding about the nature of the communication. Analyzing whether a communication falls within the play frame may help us better understand not only whether the communication can be deemed non-serious or serious, but also whether it can be treated uniquely as merely the speaker’s attempt at play or as a typical instance of literal speech for which the speaker can be deemed ethically responsible.
What Is Wrong with Laughing? Faulty Laughter as a Case of Negligent Omission
Authors: Lecón Mauricio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In most academic works laughter is praised because of its social, religious, and psychological benefits. However, when laughter’s morality has been historically discussed it usually has been condemned. To assign human responsibility to the act of laughing, it must be acknowledged as voluntary. However, studies indicate that laughter is not a voluntary action, but rather a neurophysiological reaction. If this is so, there is no basis on which to ground the moral relevance of laughter. In this article, I will put forward an argument that can help to ground the ethics of spontaneous laughter at least. I claim that humans have the power to avoid laughing or suspend it because they can voluntarily prevent some of the circumstances that are necessary for it to happen. If humans fail to do so when they are expected to, laughter becomes relevant as a kind of negligent omission.
The Robot Sol Explains Laughter to His Android Brethren
Authors: Rubin Richard Marc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Android understanding of laughter is limited even when robots have become self-motivated and understand frustration. Laughter is one of four ways to cope with upset. The others are detachment, suffering, and escape. Detachment is natural to androids as they originally had no stake in any outcome. Suffering takes two forms: grief and anger. Grief often needs to be faced before turning to other means of coping. Humor can often deflect anger by revealing it has either no basis or a common one. Escape is the flight from troubling affairs into an imaginative world. Laughter may start in mockery but is best when selfdeprecation yields greater respect. Jokes are stories designed to induce laughter. Professionals have developed routines that don’t employ them, but as androids grasp structure quickly, they may find jokes the best place to start building their own sense of humor.
Optimal Time Domain Reflectometry Penetrometer Design for Soil Water Content and Electrical Conductivity Profiling
Authors: Chung Chih-Chung , Wei Shih-Kai , Tang Hong-Ting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Taiwan has a subtropics monsoon climate and frequently counters typhoons and rainfall, resulting in shallow landslides and landform changes. The significant quantities of soil yields affect the infrastructure safety and environment nearby. Among the influences of factors of safety of the soil slopes, the soil water content (WC) is crucial, and WC and electrical conductivity (EC) profilings of the soil slope assist early warning during a rainfall event. Thus, this study adapted time domain reflectometry (TDR) with the current bipolar type penetrometer to simultaneously measure the volumetric WC (VWC) and the EC in a case study at reservoir watersheds. TDR committed continuous monitoring but with apparent bias because of the insufficient sensing volume of the bipolar type penetrometer. Based on the field experience, this study applied numerical analysis to improve the TDR penetrometer into the dipole type by examining the electrical field, the electrical energy density, and the strain with external stress. After considering all the factors to obtain the optimal design, verifications were accomplished in a sandbox to retrieve measurement performance and the relationship between the soil VWC and the EC in different wetting and drying rates. Results denoted the adequate procedures for TDR on-site monitoring and corresponding calibration of soil VWC and EC for slope stability analysis.
Xenograft model of heterotopic transplantation of human ovarian cortical tissue and its clinical relevance
Authors: Man Limor , Lustgarten Guahmich Nicole , Kallinos Eleni , Park Laura , Bodine Richard , Zaninovic Nikica , Schattman Glenn , Rosenwaks Zev , James Daylon 
Published: October 2022

In brief
Xenografts of human ovarian cortical tissue provide a tractable model of heterotopic autotransplantation that is used for fertility preservation in patients undergoing ablative chemo/radiotherapy. This study describes the behavior of hundreds of xenografts to establish a framework for the clinical function of ovarian cortex following autotransplantation over short- and long-term intervals.

Abstract
More than 200 live births have been achieved using autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian cortical fragments, yet challenges remain to be addressed. Ischemia of grafted tissue undermines viability and longevity, typically requiring transplantation of multiple cortical pieces; and the dynamics of recruitment within a graft and the influence of parameters like size and patient age at the time of cryopreservation are not well-defined. Here, we describe results from a series of experiments in which we xenografted frozen/thawed human ovarian tissue (n  = 440) from 28 girls and women (age range 32 weeks gestational age to 46 years, median 24.3 ± 4.6). Xenografts were recovered across a broad range of intervals (1–52 weeks post-transplantation) and examined histologically to quantify follicle density and distribution. The number of antral follicles in xenografted cortical fragments correlated positively with the total follicle number and was significantly reduced with increased patient age. Within xenografts, follicles were distributed in focal clusters, similar to the native ovary, but the presence of a leading antral follicle coincided with increased proliferation of surrounding follicles. These results underscore the importance of transplanting ovarian tissue with a high density of follicles and elucidate a potential paracrine influence of leading antral follicles on neighboring follicles of earlier stages. This temporal framework for interpreting the kinetics of follicle growth/mobilization may be useful in setting expectations and guiding the parameters of clinical autotransplantation.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes Leydig cell regeneration from stem cells in rats
Authors: Li Xiaoheng , Chen Lanlan , Wang Yiyan , Li Huitao , Zhu Qiqi , Ge Ren-Shan 
Published: October 2022

In brief
Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates stem Leydig cell development. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates stem Leydig cell differentiation without affecting its proliferation.

Abstract
The regulators of stem Leydig cell (SLC) development remain largely unknown. The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on rat SLC proliferation and differentiation was investigated using a 3D tissue culture system and an ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS)-treated in vivo LC regeneration model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to analyze pathways in which GLP-1 may be involved. GLP-1 (3 and 30 nmol/L) significantly increased medium testosterone abundances and upregulated the expression of Scarb1, Cyp11a1, and Hsd11b1. GLP-1 in vitro did not affect SLC proliferation by 5-Ethynyl-2’- deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Intratesticular injection of GLP-1 (10 and 100 ng/testis) into the LC-depleted testis from day 14 to day 28 post-EDS significantly increased serum testosterone abundances and upregulated the expression of Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, and Hsd11b1. It did not affect the number of HSD11B1+ and CYP11A1+ LCs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that GLP-1 upregulated several pathways, including cAMP-PKA-EPAC1 and MEK/ERK1/2. GLP-1 stimulates SLC differentiation without affecting its proliferation, showing its novel action and mechanism on rat SLC development.