bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Landfill Food Waste Diversion- a Focus on Microbial Populations and Methane Generation
Authors: Chickering Giles , Krause Max J. , Schwarber Amy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The early stages of municipal solid waste degradation in landfills are complex harmonies of physical, biological, and chemical interactions that all work in concert to degrade trash into smaller and more stable materials. While many approaches have been taken to understand parts of this process, this new work attempted to simulate the early stages of landfills in controlled laboratory environments while observing the impacts of food waste content at different concentrations. This was completed by operating landfill lysimeters in a laboratory for approximately 1,000 days, simulating landfill interior conditions while measuring the gas and liquid byproducts to study the impact of food waste presence in these environments. Metagenomic analysis after the experiment identified over 18,000 individual species and allowed comparison with past studies while also surveying microorganisms present in landfills. Similar populations found in past studies suggested the current experiments successfully replicated landfill conditions. While food waste diversion had a discernable impact on gas production, it did not show a clear and consistent impact on the microbiomes identified in this study.
Assessment of an optimal intensity measure for isolated bridges based on the geometric mean of the response spectrum
Authors: Dai Jian-Cheng , Wang Dongsheng , Chen Xiao-Yu , Zhang Rui , Sun Zhi-Guo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ground motion intensity measure (IM) is an important part of probabilistic seismic demand analysis and is used to predict the seismic response of structures. In this study, two typical seismic isolation bridges were selected as cases, and 80 far-fault records and 40 near-fault records are used as inputs for the time-history analysis. By performing a comparison with 19 common IMs, it is proved that the IM based on the geometric mean of the response spectrum is an optimal IM for isolated bridges in terms of efficiency, practicality, proficiency, and sufficiency. The effects of response spectrum type and period range on this form of IM are investigated. The results show that the response spectrum type has a slight effect on the IM based on the geometric mean of the response spectrum, and the period range has a greater impact on the IM. Finally, the applicability of the IM to the far-fault ground motions and the near-fault ground motions is discussed. The research results show that when only near-fault ground motions are considered, the period range of the IM should be appropriately increased.
Direct simulation on the dynamics of liquid films flowing down a fiber
Authors: chen xiaoyong , Liu rong , Zhou Dejian , She yulai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Direct simulations on the dynamics of a liquid film coating on the outer surface of a vertical fiber are performed in the present paper. A domain mapping technique has been used on solving the Navier-Stokes problem in stream function form and predicts the dynamics of the various flow regimes with remarkable accuracy. We investigated the morphologies that develop in the coating flow down fiber and analyze the effects of Bond number and fiber diameter on the maximum liquid film height and drop speed. The results showed that the Bond number and fiber diameter have a significant effect on the instability. The transition between the Plateau-Rayleigh and convective regimes occurs at the conditions when the flow transitions from absolutely to convectively unstable.
Adélie penguins north and east of the ‘Adélie gap’ continue to thrive in the face of dramatic declines elsewhere in the Antarctic Peninsula region
Authors: Wethington Michael , Flynn Clare , Borowicz Alex , Lynch Heather 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
While population declines among Adélie penguins and population increases among gentoo penguins on the Western Antarctic
Peninsula are well established, the logistical challenges of operating in the sea ice-heavy northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula have prohibited reliable monitoring of seabirds in this region. Here we describe the findings of an expedition to the northern and eastern sides of the Antarctic Peninsula - a region at the nexus of two proposed Marine Protected Areas - to investigate the distribution and abundance of penguins in this region. We discovered several previously undocumented penguin colonies, completed direct surveys of three colonies initially discovered in satellite imagery, and re-surveyed several colonies last surveyed more than a decade ago. Whereas our expectation had been that the Peninsula itself would divide the areas undergoing ecological transition and the apparently more stable Weddell Sea region, our findings suggest that the actual
transition zone lies in the so-called "Adélie gap," a 400-km stretch of coastline in which Adélies are notably absent. Our findings suggest that the region north and east of this gap represents a distinct ecoregion whose dynamics stand in sharp contrast to surrounding areas and is likely to be impacted by future conservation measures.
A Cost of Illness Study of Saudi Healthcare System Spending on Quarantining Patients with Monkeypox Virus
Authors: Alshararni Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Quarantine is a popular public health intervention often used to curb pandemics involving infectious diseases that threaten to spread across a population. However, the economic implications of enforcing quarantine have sparked debate on its justifiability, particularly with less severe infectious viruses. This research seeks to estimate the direct and indirect costs needed to set up a quarantine facility to curb the spread of the Monkey Pox virus. To do so, the study simulates a quarantine facility housing 100 Monkey Pox virus patients in Saudi Arabia for the incubation period (14 days). The direct costs include accommodation expenses and treatment costs. On the other hand, the indirect costs of implementing a quarantine are measured in terms of lost productivity after the infected population fails to attend work. The direct and indirect costs of the quarantine were almost similar, $152,500 and $129,500, respectively. However, most of the direct costs ($150,000) include accommodation expenses. Hence, if a patient were to self-isolate at home, the indirect costs of quarantine would by far surpass the direct costs. Thus, the study concludes that enforcing quarantine would adversely affect the economy due to job absenteeism. Hence, considering that the Monkey Pox virus poses a low risk to the public and can be cured with no or affordable prescriptions, other strategies such as mass vaccinations, remote working, and routine hygiene practices should instead be used to tame the spread of the virus.
Breast cancer patients from the Midwest region of the United States have reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing gut bacteria
Authors: Shrode Rachel , Knobbe Jessica , Cady Nicole , Yadav Meeta , Hoang Jemmie , Cherwin Catherine , Curry Melissa , Garje Rohan , Vikas Praveen , Sugg Sonia , Phadke Sneha , Filardo Edward , Mangalam Ashutosh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As geographical location can impact the gut microbiome, it is important to study region-specific microbiome signatures of various diseases. Therefore, we profiled the gut microbiome of breast cancer (BC) patients of the Midwestern region of the United States. The bacterial component of the gut microbiome was profiled utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Additionally, a gene pathway analysis was performed to assess the functional capabilities of the bacterial microbiome. Alpha diversity was not significantly different between BC and healthy controls (HC), however beta diversity revealed distinct clustering between the two groups at the species and genera level. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test revealed modulation of several gut bacteria in BC specifically reduced abundance of those linked with beneficial effect such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Machine learning analysis confirmed the significance of several of the modulated bacteria found by the univariate analysis. The functional analysis showed a decreased abundance of SCFA (propionate) production in BC compared to HC. In conclusion, we observed gut dysbiosis in BC with the depletion of SCFA-producing gut bacteria suggesting their role in the pathobiology of breast cancer. Mechanistic understanding of gut bacterial dysbiosis in breast cancer could lead to refined prevention and treatment.
Secretome derived from mesenchymal stromal cells primed with neurotrophic factors rescues Neuro-2a cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated loss of neurogenesis.
Authors: Teli Prajakta , Nachanekar Aditya , Kale Vaijayanti , Vaidya Anuradha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated accumulation of misfolded protein is a plausible stimulus for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Under physiological conditions, ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) that repairs the misfolded proteins. Hence, to develop a physiologically relevant in vitro model system, we exposed Neuro-2a cells to an ER stress inducer which significantly affected the neurite outgrowth parameters and expression of neuronal markers without causing cell death in them. Here, we demonstrate that ER stress triggers early apoptosis, inflammation, and stress kinase activation in Neuro-2a cells. We have previously reported the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived secretome in reversing the oxidative stress-induced loss of neurogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether priming of MSCs with neurotrophic factors would enhance their neuroprotective potential, for which we used two distinct approaches. In the first approach, the ER-stressed Neuro-2a cells were subjected to a single exposure of conditioned medium (CM) derived from both naïve (naïve CM) and primed MSCs (primed CM), while in the second approach, the ER-stressed cells were subjected to multiple exposures of both naïve and primed CM. We observed that exposure of ER stress-induced Neuro-2a cells to primed CM significantly restored the neurite outgrowth parameters along with the expression of neuronal markers and also suppressed the induction of early apoptosis, inflammation, and activation of stress kinases. These results clearly underscore the importance of priming the MSCs with neurotrophic factors for developing more effective therapeutic strategies to combat ND.
Clustering Honey Samples with Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods using FTIR Data
Authors: Avcu Fatih Mehmet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHoney is a food item that people consume because of its taste and positive effects on health. The importance of honey is increasing day by day because of the difficulties in production, the threat of the bee population due to environmental conditions and climate changes, and the increasing population. In this work, data obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of honey samples were used for clustering of honey data. First of all, the number of clusters was determined by applying elbow method to the spectrum data obtained from the samples. After this process, the data was divided into 5 clusters. The data were reduced to 2 dimensions with principal components analysis (PCA), clusters of samples were determined by applying Hierarchical clustering (HCA). 20% of the data whose clusters were determined were randomly selected to be used as test data. The rest of the data was used as training data in Deep Learning. After the training, the test data was checked and the accuracy was found to be 96.15%. The proposed method gives reliable results in clustering of honey samples with the advantages of being fast, cheap and not requiring preprocess procedure.
Status and Influencing Factors of Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior in Children's Palliative Care Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Lihui , Zhang Na , Hu Yaojia , Xu Yi , Luo Tingwei , Xiang Yuqiong , Jiang Sishan , Zhang Zhiqiang , Chen Muhua , Xiong Yuee 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Palliative care has become a key medical field worldwide. Although research relating to adult palliative care is well-established, less is known about children's palliative care (CPC). Therefore, this study investigated the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pediatric healthcare workers (PHWs) regarding CPC and analyzed the influencing factors for the implementation and development of CPC.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 407 PHWs was carried out in a Chinese province from November 2021 to April 2022. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: a general information form and questions on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of PHWs about CPC. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis.
Results
A total of 412 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, of which 407 were valid, with a valid return rate of 98.79%. The total score of the PHWs’ knowledge, attitude and behavior about CPC was 69.98, which was at a moderate level. The most important influencing factors were working years, highest education, professional title, job position, marital status, religion, grade of hospital (I, II or III), type of medical institution, experience of caring for a terminally ill child/kinsfolk and total hours of CPC education and training received.
Conclusions
In this study, PHWs in a Chinese province had the lowest scores on the knowledge dimension of CPC, with moderate attitude and behavior and various influencing factors. In addition to professional title, highest education and working years, it is also worth noting that the type of medical institution and marital status also affected the score. Continuing education and training of PHWs in CPC should be emphasized by the administrators of relevant colleges and medical institutions. Future research should start with the above-mentioned influencing factors and focus on setting up targeted training courses and evaluating the post-training effects.
Risk assessment of rectal anastomotic leakage (RAREAL) after DIXON in non-emergency patients with rectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Zheng Xue-Cong , Su Jin-Bo , Zheng Jin-Jie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The routine establishment of a diverting stoma (DS) remains controversial in every patient undergoing Dixon operation. We aimed to establish a model for the risk assessment of rectal anastomotic leak (RAREAL) after Dixon in non-emergency patients with rectal cancer, using routinely available variables, by which surgeons could individualize their approach to DS.
Methods
413 patients who underwent Dixon operation for rectal cancer from January 2015 to December 2018 were taken as the model group for retrospective study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage(AL). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the Youden index were used to evaluate the RAREAL score. We constructed the RAREAL model. 191 patients who underwent Dixon operation due to rectal cancer from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected according to the uniform criteria as a validation group to validate the RAREAL model. The RAREAL score was performed on the patients in the modeling group, the ROC curve was used for analysis, and the Z test was used to evaluate the consistency of the ROC curve between the modeling group and the validation group.
Results
In the model group, multivariate analysis identified the following variables as independent risk factors for AL: HbA1c (odds ratio (OR) = 7.831; P = 0.004), Left colic artery (LCA) non preservation (OR = 7.035; P = 0.003), Tumor distance from the anal margin (TD) (OR = 14.246; P = 0.000). In the model group, the AUC of the ROC for evaluating AL with RAREAL was 0.764, and when RAREAL score = 4.5, its sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were 0.419, 0.995, 0.415, respectively. The AUC was 0.757 in the validation group and its sensitivity and specificity were 0.471 and 0.989, respectively, when RAREAL score = 4.5.
Conclusion
The RAREAL score can be used to assess the risk of AL after Dixon operation for rectal cancer, and prophylactic DS should be proactively done when the score is greater than 4.5.
Evaluation of Long-term Outcomes after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Chinese Patients with AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Huang Xianghua , Guo Jinzhou , Ren Guisheng , Zhao Liang , Chen Wencui , Xu Weiwei , Miao Fujia , Caihong Zeng , Ge Yongchun , Liu Zhihong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Treatment of AL amyloidosis is still a challenge, especially the long-term outcomes of patients with AL amyloidosis. Although autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) exhibited excellent efficacy, the long-term benefit needs to be evaluated. This study included a total of 240 patients with AL amyloidosis who underwent ASCT at our center and were followed up for more than 3 years. The median age for this cohort was 52 years, and 49% of them were male. The treatment-related mortality of this cohort was 1.7%. After a median follow-up of 66 months, the overall 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year estimated overall survival (OS) rates were 94%, 90%, 79%, and 66%, respectively, and the median OS has not been reached. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 89%, 77%, 55%, and 33%, respectively, and the median PFS was 83 months. On multivariable analysis, the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) > 50 mg/L, melphalan dose, hematologic CR/VGPR, and bortezomib induction therapy were independent predictors of survival. This study shows that ASCT has a very good long-term effect on AL amyloidosis and ASCT will remain an important option in eligible patients.
The molecular markers of immune cell infiltration in ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhang Shifei , Chang Xiaolong , Wang Dan , Ai Qinglong , Han Yanbing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Some studies have revealed that immune regulation can delay Ischemic Stroke (IS) progression and improve neurological function and prognosis. Therefore, the molecular markers of immune cell infiltration in stroke deserves further investigation.
Methods: The proportion of immune cells in the GSE58294 and GSE16561 datasets were calculated by Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm. Then, Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to screen the key module genes related to immune cells. The overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IS and healthy control (HC) samples were obtained from the GSE58294 and GSE16561 datasets. Differential immune cell-related DEGs were screened by overlapping DEGs and key module genes of WGCNA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to investigate the functions of immune cell-related DEGs. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms were used to identify diagnostic genes. Then, GSE58294, GSE1656 and GSE54992 datasets were used to screen diagnostic genes by the Received Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Subsequently, the Pearson correlation between immune cells and diagnostic genes were analyzed. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the functions of diagnostic genes, and the Comparative Toxicology Genomics (CTD) database was used to predict potential drugs for diagnostic genes. Finally, the quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to explore the expression of diagnostic genes.
Results: Three common differential immune cells in the GSE58294 and GSE16561 datasets were obtained, and 25 differential immune cell-related DEGs were obtained. Functional enrichment revealed that these genes were mainly associated with immune response activation and immunocytes. Moreover, 3 diagnostic genes (CD79B, ID3 and PLXDC2) with good diagnostic value were obtained. Subsequently, Pearson correlation analysis between immune cells and 3 diagnostic genes showed that the 3 genes were strong correlation with immune cells. Furthermore, GSEA revealed that CD79B, ID3 and PLXDC2 were mainly involved in immune response. Additionally, 20 CD79B-related, 73 ID3-related and 19 PLXDC2-related drugs were predicted. Finally, the mRNA expression of CD79B, ID3 and PLXDC2 were different in IS and HC.
Conclusion: CD79B, ID3 and PLXDC2 were identified as biomarkers of IS, which might provide a research basis for further understanding the pathogenesis of IS and contribute to the treatment of IS.
Vertical transport of microplastics by rising bubbles
Authors: Lehmann Moritz , Häusl Fabian , Gekle Stephan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Microplastic particle concentration on the sea surface is critical for quantifying microplastic transport across the water-air interface. Previous studies indeed suggest that the concentration at the sea surface is enhanced compared to bulk concentration, yet little is known about the detailed mechanisms behind this enhancement. In this work, we study one particular process that may contribute to this enhanced surface concentration: bubble scavenging. Using Lattice-Boltzmann Volume-of-Fluid simulations we find that rising bubbles indeed generate a net flow of particles toward the surface. The efficiency of the process, however, highly depends on the microplastic particle surface properties. Clean, hydrophobic particles adhere much better to the bubble surface and are therefore transported significantly better than weathered, hydrophilic particles that are only entrained in the flow around a bubble.
Opposite modulation of functional recovery following contusive spinal cord injury in mice with oligodendrocyte-selective deletions of Atf4 and Chop/Ddit3
Authors: Gao Yonglin , Wei George , Forston Michael D. , Hodges Emily R. , Burke Darlene , Andres Kariena , Morehouse Johnny , Armstrong Christine , Glover Charles , Slomnicki Lukasz P. , Ding Jixiang , Chariker Julia H. , Rouchka Eric C. , Ohri Sujata Saraswat , Whittemore Scott R , Hetman Michal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR)-activated transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP/DDIT3 may regulate oligodendrocyte (OL) survival, tissue damage and functional impairment/recovery in white matter pathologies, including traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Accordingly, in OLs of OL-specific RiboTag mice, Atf4, Chop/Ddit3 and their downstream target gene transcripts were acutely upregulated at 2, but not 10, days post-contusive T9 SCI coinciding with maximal loss of spinal cord tissue. Unexpectedly, another, OL-specific upregulation of Atf4/Chop followed at 42 days post-injury. However, wild type vs. OL-specific Atf4-/- or Chop-/- mice showed similar white matter sparing and OL loss at the injury epicenter, as well as unaffected hindlimb function recovery as determined by the Basso mouse scale (BMS). In contrast, the horizontal ladder test revealed persistent worsening or improvement of fine locomotor control in OL-Atf4-/- or OL-Chop-/- mice, respectively. Moreover, chronically, OL-Atf4-/- mice showed decreased walking speed during plantar stepping despite greater compensatory forelimb usage. Therefore, ATF4 supports, while CHOP antagonizes, fine locomotor control during post-SCI recovery. No correlation between those effects and white matter sparing together with chronic activation of the OL ISR suggest that in OLs, ATF4 and CHOP regulate function of spinal cord circuitries that mediate fine locomotor control during post-SCI recovery.