bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SkinNet-16: A deep learning approach to identify benign and malignant skin lesions
Authors: Ghosh Pronab , Azam Sami , Quadir Ryana , Karim Asif , Shamrat F. M. Javed Mehedi , Bhowmik Shohag Kumar , Jonkman Mirjam , Hasib Khan Md. , Ahmed Kawsar 
Published: August 2022

Skin cancer these days have become quite a common occurrence especially in certain geographic areas such as Oceania. Early detection of such cancer with high accuracy is of utmost importance, and studies have shown that deep learning- based intelligent approaches to address this concern have been fruitful. In this research, we present a novel deep learning- based classifier that has shown promise in classifying this type of cancer on a relevant preprocessed dataset having important features pre-identified through an effective feature extraction method.Skin cancer in modern times has become one of the most ubiquitous types of cancer. Accurate identification of cancerous skin lesions is of vital importance in treating this malady. In this research, we employed a deep learning approach to identify benign and malignant skin lesions. The initial dataset was obtained from Kaggle before several preprocessing steps for hair and background removal, image enhancement, selection of the region of interest (ROI), region-based segmentation, morphological gradient, and feature extraction were performed, resulting in histopathological images data with 20 input features based on geometrical and textural features. A principle component analysis (PCA)-based feature extraction technique was put into action to reduce the dimensionality to 10 input features. Subsequently, we applied our deep learning classifier, SkinNet-16, to detect the cancerous lesion accurately at a very early stage. The highest accuracy was obtained with the Adamax optimizer with a learning rate of 0.006 from the neural network-based model developed in this study. The model also delivered an impressive accuracy of approximately 99.19%.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy versus tomotherapy for late T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Qian , Tang Lingwei , Zhu Zhe , Shen Liangfang , Li Shan 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo compare the dosimetric parameters and clinical outcomes between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and tomotherapy for treating late T-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsPatients with non-metastatic late T-stage NPC who received definitive radiotherapy with tomotherapy or VMAT were selected. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control the balance of confounding factors. The dosimetric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared.ResultsA total of 171 patients were enrolled before matching, with 61 patients in the VMAT group and 110 patients in the tomotherapy group. In the post-PSM cohort, 54 sub-pairs of 108 patients were included after matching. Tomotherapy was superior to VMAT in the dosimetric parameters of planning target volumes, brainstem, spinal cord, lenses, and parotid glands but inferior in the optic nerves and optic chiasm. The tomotherapy group had a lower incidence of grade ≥ 3 acute mucositis (22.2% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.038) and a higher rate of complete response (83.3% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.046) after radiotherapy. However, there were no significant differences in locoregional failure-free survival (p = 0.375), distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.529), or overall survival (p = 0.975) between the two groups.ConclusionTomotherapy is superior to VMAT in terms of most dosimetric parameters, with less acute mucositis and better short-term efficacy. There are no significant differences in the survival outcomes between the VMAT and tomotherapy groups.
The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in multidrug-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Yong Liyun , Tang Shasha , Yu Haixin , Zhang Hongyi , Zhang Yi , Wan Yuan , Cai Fengfeng 
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide with increasing incidence. Significant therapeutics advances in the field of breast cancer have resulted in a growing number of treatment options, whereas de novo or acquired resistance is still a persistent clinical challenge. Drug resistance involves a variety of mechanisms, and hypoxia is one of the many causes. Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor which can regulate the response of cells to hypoxia. HIF-1α can trigger anaerobic glycolysis of tumor cells, induce angiogenesis, promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells, and lead to multidrug resistance. This review mainly discusses the role of HIF-1α in the drug-resistant breast cancer and highlighted the potential of HIF-1α -targeted therapy.
Curcumin and its nano-formulations: Defining triple-negative breast cancer targets through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification
Authors: Deng Zhicheng , Chen Guanghui , Shi Yonghui , Lin Ying , Ou Jiebin , Zhu Hua , Wu Junyan , Li Guocheng , Lv Li 
Published: August 2022

Background: Curcumin (CUR) displays the capability of suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells. However, the effects and underline mechanisms of CUR to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have not been systematically elucidated with an appropriate method.Methods: In the present research, a combination method of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro bio-experiment was used to investigate the pharmacological actions and underline mechanisms of CUR against TNBC. First, common targets of CUR and TNBC were screened via Venny 2.1.0 after potential CUR-related targets and targets of TNBC were got from several public databases. Then, the Gene Ontology (GO) function and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed on the Metascape website, and the network of compound-targets-pathways was constructed via Cytoscape software. Moreover, the network of protein-protein interaction was constructed by the STRING database to screen potential targets. Moreover, molecular docking was applied to affirm the interaction of CUR with the screened top 10 potential targets. Finally, in vitro experiments were used to further verify the effects and mechanisms of CUR and its nano-formulation (CUR-NPs) against TNBC.Results: Forty potential targets of CUR against TNBC were obtained. STAT3, AKT1, TNF, PTGS2, MMP9, EGFR, PPARG, NFE2L2, EP300, and GSK3B were identified as the top 10 targets of CUR against TNBC. In vitro experiment verified that CUR and CUR-NPs could not only restrain the invasion, migration, and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells but also induce their apoptosis. In addition, molecular docking demonstrated that CUR could bind spontaneously with the screened top 10 targeted proteins, and a real-time PCR experiment demonstrated that both CUR and CUR-NPs could downregulate the genetic expression levels of the 10 targets. Moreover, according to the CUR-targets-pathways network, PI3K-Akt, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, JAK-STAT, Foxo, and HIF-1 signaling pathways were identified as the important pathways of CUR effects on TNBC. Among them, the inhibiting effects of CUR and CUR-NPs on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were further verified by the western blot analysis.Conclusion: Taken together, the present research demonstrates that CUR and CUR-NPs have pharmacological effects against TNBC via a multi-target and multi-pathway manner.
Investigation of market herbal products regulated under different categories: How can HPTLC help to detect quality problems?
Authors: Frommenwiler Débora A. , Reich Eike , Sharaf Maged H. M. , Cañigueral Salvador , Etheridge Christopher J. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Herbal products regulated under different categories were found to be of different quality. This has been demonstrated by the increasing number of reports on the quality of herbal products in the scientific literature. Proper identification is an effective way to address this concerning issue early on in a products’ manufacturing process.Objectives: To assess the quality of milk thistle, coneflower and black cohosh herbal drugs, preparations and products commercialized under different regulatory categories, and to illustrate the usefulness of HPTLC as a tool for evaluating quality.Methods: HPTLC methods were adapted from the European Pharmacopeia’s monographs for milk thistle fruits, black cohosh and purple coneflower. Additional detection modes beyond those described in the monographs were employed, and the entire HPTLC fingerprints were used for examination of identity and purity of the investigated samples.Results: All products regulated as Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products were shown to be of high quality: their fingerprints were consistent and without unexpected zones. A significant number of food supplements show quality issues (mainly adulterations): 52.4% of milk thistle, 33.3% of coneflower, and 45.5% of black cohosh products. The same was observed in 66.6% of black cohosh herbal drugs and preparations.
Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing
Authors: Lv Hui , Liu Hanxiao , Sun Ting , Wang Han , Zhang Xiao , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2022

A wound occurs when the epidermis and dermis of the skin are damaged internally and externally. The traditional wound healing method is unsatisfactory, which will prolong the treatment time and increase the treatment cost, which brings economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to accelerate wound healing. As a cell-free therapy, exosome derived from stem cell (EdSC) offers new possibilities for wound healing. EdSC is the smallest extracellular vesicle secreted by stem cells with diameters of 30–150 nm and a lipid bilayer structure. Previous studies have found that EdSC can participate in and promote almost all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory cells; improving activation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells; and adjusting the ratio of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. We reviewed the relevant knowledge of wounds; summarized the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of exosomes; and clarified the pharmacological role of exosomes in promoting wound healing. This review provides knowledge support for the pharmacological study of exosomes.
Changes of thoracic duct flow and morphology in an animal model of elevated central venous pressure
Authors: Lu Xiao , Wang Mengjun , Han Ling , Krieger Joshua , Ivers Jillian , Chambers Sean , Itkin Max , Burkhoff Daniel , Kassab Ghassan S. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Investigation of lymph fluid dynamics in thoracic duct during central venous pressure elevation.Background: Lymphatic flow is affected by elevated central venous pressure (CVP) in congestive heart failure. The changes of thoracic duct (TD) lymph flow have not been studied chronically in the setting of elevated CVP. This study is to investigate fluid dynamics and remodeling of the TD in the elevated CVP animal model.Methods: A flow probe was implanted on the swine TD (n = 6) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was created by cutting tricuspid chordae percutaneously. Six swine were used as control group animals. The TD flow was measured for 2 weeks (baseline) before TR and 4 weeks postop-TR surgery. Arterial pressure and CVP were measured. The pressure and flow in the TD were measured percutaneously. Histological and morphological analyses were performed.Results: TR resulted in an increase in CVP from 4.2 ± 2.6 to 10.1 ± 4.3 mmHg (p &lt; 0.05). The lymph flow in the TD increased from 0.78 ± 1.06 before TR to 8.8 ± 4.8 ml/min (p &lt; 0.05) 2 days post-TR and remained plateau for 4 weeks, i.e., the TD flow remained approximately 8–11 fold its baseline. Compared to the 8.1 ± 3.2 mmHg control group, the TD average pressures at the lymphovenous junction increased to 14.6 ± 5.7 mmHg in the TR group (p &lt; 0.05). The TD diameter and wall thickness increased from 3.35 ± 0.37 mm and 0.06 ± 0.01 mm in control to 4.32 ± 0.57 mm and 0.26 ± 0.02 mm (p &lt; 0.05) in the TR group, respectively.Conclusion: The elevated CVP results in a significant increase in TD flow and pressure which causes the TD’s outward remodeling and thickening. Our study implicates that the outward remodeling may result in the TD valve incompetence due to failure coaptation of leaflets.
Downregulation of growth plate genes involved with the onset of femoral head separation in young broilers
Authors: Ibelli Adriana Mércia Guaratini , Peixoto Jane de Oliveira , Zanella Ricardo , Gouveia João José de Simoni , Cantão Maurício Egídio , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Marchesi Jorge Augusto Petroli , Pizzol Mariane Spudeit dal , Marcelino Débora Ester Petry , Ledur Mônica Corrêa 
Published: August 2022

Femoral head separation (FHS) is characterized by the detachment of growth plate (GP) and articular cartilage, occurring in tibia and femur. However, the molecular mechanisms involved with this condition are not completely understood. Therefore, genes and biological processes (BP) involved with FHS were identified in 21-day-old broilers through RNA sequencing of the femoral GP. 13,487 genes were expressed in the chicken femoral head transcriptome of normal and FHS-affected broilers. From those, 34 were differentially expressed (DE; FDR ≤0.05) between groups, where all of them were downregulated in FHS-affected broilers. The main BP were enriched in receptor signaling pathways, ossification, bone mineralization and formation, skeletal morphogenesis, and vascularization. RNA-Seq datasets comparison of normal and FHS-affected broilers with 21, 35 and 42 days of age has shown three shared DE genes (FBN2, C1QTNF8, and XYLT1) in GP among ages. Twelve genes were exclusively DE at 21 days, where 10 have already been characterized (SHISA3, FNDC1, ANGPTL7, LEPR, ENSGALG00000049529, OXTR, ENSGALG00000045154, COL16A1, RASD2, BOC, GDF10, and THSD7B). Twelve SNPs were associated with FHS (p &lt; 0.0001). Out of those, 5 were novel and 7 were existing variants located in 7 genes (RARS, TFPI2, TTI1, MAP4K3, LINK54, and AREL1). We have shown that genes related to chondrogenesis and bone differentiation were downregulated in the GP of FHS-affected young broilers. Therefore, these findings evince that candidate genes pointed out in our study are probably related to the onset of FHS in broilers.
The Relationship Between Exercise Intention and Exercise Behavior of Junior School Students: An Analysis of Chain Mediating Effect
Authors: Chen Yue , Yao Shu-Jun , Ma Qi-Shuai , Shao Wei , Liu Chao , Guo Ke-Lei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between exercise intention and exercise behavior and constructs a chain mediating model through the mediating effect of implementation intention and self-identity.MethodThrough the stratified cluster sampling method, 1,573 junior school students (with an average age of 13.71 ± 0.891 years) were evaluated by the exercise intention scale, the implementation intention scale, the self-identity scale, and the physical exercise grade scale. For data analysis, the common method deviation test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Model 6 in the SPSS macro program compiled by Hayes for the chain mediating test were conducted.Results(1) There is a marked correlation between positive exercise intention and exercise behavior (r = 0.345, p &lt; 0.01), and exercise intention has a significant effect on the direct path of exercise behavior (β = 0.162, t = 12.355, p &lt; 0.01). (2) Exercise intention can positively predict implementation intention (β = 0.219, t = 10.006, p &lt; 0.01) and self-identity (β = 0.160, t = 16.159, p &lt; 0.01); implementation intention can significantly and positively predict exercise behavior (β = 0.230, t = 12.742, p &lt; 0.01),and self-identity can significantly and positively predict exercise behavior (β = 0.273, t = 7.911, p &lt; 0.01). (3) Implementation intention and self-identity play a significant mediating role between exercise intention and exercise behavior. The mediating effect consists of three indirect effects: exercise intention → implementation intention → exercise behavior (the mediating effect value is 0.050), exercise intention → self-identity → exercise behavior (the mediating effect value is 0.044), and exercise intention →implementation intention → self-identity → exercise behavior (the mediating effect value is 0.017).Conclusion(1) Exercise intention can significantly and positively predict exercise behavior. (2) Implementation intention and self-identity exert a significant mediating effect between exercise intention and exercise behavior, including the separate mediating effect of implementation intention and self-identity, as well as the chain mediating effect of implementation intention and self-identity.
E-mail-based health care in patients with dementia during the pandemic
Authors: Altunkalem Seydi Kubra , Ates Bulut Esra , Yavuz Idil , Kavak Hemrin , Kaya Derya , Isik Ahmet Turan 
Published: August 2022

Introduction/aimFrail and cognitively impaired older patients are particularly vulnerable groups during the pandemic. Lockdowns, social isolation, and physical inactivity considerably affect physical and mental wellbeing. During the pandemic process, routine medical checks and acute medical care services may be disrupted. The study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of telemedicine in the delivery of healthcare services to elderly patients during the pandemic.Materials and methodsE-mails sent to the e-mail address of the department of geriatrics, which has been actively used for 4 years, between April 2020 and June 2021, were retrospectively evaluated. The time and reason for each application, referral to the patients, demographic data of the patients, and chronic diseases were recorded. E-mail frequencies were considered monthly time series, and time series charts for e-mail frequencies from patients were produced.ResultsA total of 374 e-mails that 213 patients sent were assessed. A vast majority, 97.6% of the e-mails, were sent by proxies. The mean age of patients was 78.7 ± 8.1 years, and 59.2% were women. Hypertension and dementia were the most common comorbidities. The applications mostly occurred in April-May and October-November 2020. The most common complaint in dementia was behavioral disturbances (13.6%). Geriatric outpatient appointments were arranged for 29.9% of the applicants, 14.2% were referred to the emergency department, and 23.0% were offered medical treatment. Outpatient examination and treatment were completed in 15% of the patients and 10.4% of them were hospitalized. The time series charts showed that e-mails were sent more frequently by patients with dementia than the others (p = 0.03).ConclusionsTelemedicine, which enables many problems of patients to be solved in geriatric practice without face-to-face appointments, can also prevent infections and unnecessary hospitalizations, especially during these unusual pandemic days.
Functional Characterization of Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase, a Pivotal Gene in Antioxidant Melatonin Biosynthesis from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Hwang Ok-Jin , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: August 2022

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a pivotal enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin. Homologs of animal AANAT genes are present in animals, but not in plants. An AANAT homolog was found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but not other green algae. The characteristics of C. reinhardtii AANAT (CrAANAT) are unclear. Here, full-length CrAANAT was chemically synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CrAANAT exhibited AANAT activity with a Km of 247 μM and Vmax of 325 pmol/min/mg protein with serotonin as the substrate. CrAANAT was localized to the cytoplasm in tobacco leaf cells. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing CrAANAT (CrAANAT-OE) exhibited increased melatonin production. CrAANAT-OE plants showed a longer seed length and larger second leaf angle than wild-type plants, indicative of the involvement of brassinosteroids (BRs). As expected, BR biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes such as D2, DWARF4, DWARF11, and BZR1 were upregulated in CrAANAT-OE plants. Therefore, an increased endogenous melatonin level by ectopic overexpression of CrAANAT seems to be closely associated with BR biosynthesis, thereby influencing seed size.
Pengaruh Growth Opportunity, Leverage, Firm Size dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Cash Holding (Studi Pada Perusahaan Sektor Barang dan Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2020)
Authors: Oktafiana Alifia Nur , Hidayat Solikul 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to measure and determine the cash holding owned by the company. In addition, it is also to examine and determine the relationship between the effect of growth opportunity, leverage, firm size and profitability on cash holding in goods and consumption sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2020. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing using the SPSS application. Determination of the sample in this study using purposive sampling technique so that the number of research samples obtained is 68 companies. The results of this study indicate that growth opportunity has a positive significant effect on cash holding. This means that the better the growth opportunity, the more cash holding will increase. Leverage has a negative significant effect on cash holding, meaning that the higher the leverage, the lower the cash holding. Firm size has no effect on cash holding. This means that the size of the company is not able to affect the cash holding. Profitability has a positive significant effect on cash holding. This means that the higher the profitability, the more cash holding will increase.
Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Mudas Pré-Brotadas (MPB) de Cana-de-Açúcar Utilizando Ácido Indolbutirico de Sementes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. / Sustainable Development of Pre-Sprouted Seedlings (MPB) of Sugar Cane Using Indolbutyric Acid from Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds
Authors: Neto José da Silva , Rocha Eleusa Maria Ferreira , De Castro Rosa Betânia Rodrigues 
Published: August 2022

Com o objetivo de aumentar a produção da cana-de-açúcar e diminuir os custos de implantação das lavouras, tem-se utilizado o sistema de mudas pré-brotadas (MPB). Nesse processo, o tolete da cana é fragmentado (mini toletes) com uma única gema. Nos tempos atuais a procura por técnicas agrícolas sustentáveis no setor sucroenergético tem levado a estudos que adotem substâncias naturais, que possam ser empregadas, por exemplo, no desenvolvimento das mudas. Sementes germinadas de feijão (Phaesolus vulgaris L.) são conhecidas por conterem ácido indolbutírico (AIB), um hormônio do grupo das auxinas, importante para a formação de raízes. Esse trabalho propôs avaliar se o extrato aquoso de Phaesolus vulgaris L. aplicado na gema da cana-de-açúcar para a produção as mudas MPB potencializam o crescimento dessas. As mudas de MPB foram plantadas em substrato comercial, submetidas à imersão em extrato de sementes germinadas de feijão e avaliadas após 30 dias de plantio. O extrato utilizado favoreceu o desenvolvimento das mudas. Porém, a concentração de 500 g. L-1 indicou um crescimento expressivo.