bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estonia: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: MÖLDER MARTIN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere was one government change and two elections in Estonia in 2021. In January, the Ratas II government, led by the Centre Party and also including the populist Estonian Conservative People's Party and the conservative Fatherland, was replaced by the K. Kallas I government, a coalition of the liberal Reform Party and the Centre Party. Indirect presidential elections were held at the end of August and Parliament elected Alar Karis as the new President of the Republic. Local elections took place in October and did not produce any major surprises. Regular day‐to‐day politics and campaigning were overshadowed by waves of COVID‐19 in spring and autumn, and the onset of an energy crisis at the end of the year.
Pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, thermoregulation and acute behavioural effects of 25CN‐NBOMe
Authors: Šíchová Klára , Syrová Kateřina , Kofroňová Edita , Pinterova‐Leca Nikola , Vejmola Čestmír , Nykodemová Jitka , Palivec Petr , Olejníková Lucie , Danda Hynek , Jorratt Pascal , Adam Šafanda , Hiep Bui Quang , Štefková‐Mazochová Kristýna , Končická Markéta , Kuchař Martin , Páleníček Tomáš 
Published: August 2022

AbstractN‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)phenethylamines (NBOMes) are a family of potent 5‐HT2A agonists containing substances emerging on the illicit drug market as a replacement for N,N‐diethyllysergamide (LSD). Despite the increasing use of NBOMes for diagnostic, research and recreational purposes, only a limited number of studies have focussed on their in vivo effect. Here, we investigated pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, thermoregulation in individually and group‐housed animals, and acute behavioural effects after subcutaneous administration of 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐(2‐((2‐methoxybenzyl)amino)ethyl)benzonitrile (25CN‐NBOMe; 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. Drug concentration peaked 1 h after the administration of 5 mg/kg in both blood serum and brain tissue with a half‐life of 1.88 and 2.28 h, respectively. According to Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development 423 toxicity assay, the drug is classified into category 3 with a lethal dose of 300 mg/kg and an estimated LD50 value of 200 mg/kg. Histological examination of organs collected from rats injected with the lethal dose revealed subtle pathological changes, highly suggestive of acute cardiovascular arrest due to malignant arrhythmia. Altered thermoregulation after 5 mg/kg was demonstrated by reduced body temperature in individually housed rats (p < 0.01). Behavioural effects assessed by the Open Field test and Prepulse Inhibition of Startle Response revealed that the two lower doses (0.2 and 1 mg/kg) caused a reduction in locomotor activity (p < 0.01), increased anxiety (p < 0.05) and 5 mg/kg additionally impaired sensorimotor gating (p < 0.001). In summary, 25CN‐NBOMe readily passes the blood–brain barrier and exhibits a moderate level of toxicity and behavioural effect comparable with other NBOMes.
Addition of point‐of‐care test reduces antibiotic prescription in hospitalised children with suspected respiratory tract infection: A pre‐test–post‐test study
Authors: Hansen Lotte Høeg , Nissen Katrine Dueholm , Pedersen Andreas , Mogensen Christian Backer , Skjøt‐Arkil Helene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimPrompt and accurate aetiological diagnostics are needed if physicians are to improve and target antibiotic treatment. We aimed to investigate whether antibiotic‐prescribing decisions are improved with availability of point‐of‐care polymerase chain reaction (POC‐PCR) diagnostic testing of children with suspected respiratory tract infection, and if it had an impact on referral for additional medical procedures.MethodsThis was a single‐centre one‐group pre‐test–post‐test study. Children visiting our paediatric department with respiratory tract infection symptoms were included if the treating paediatrician was considering an antibiotic prescription. Throat swabs were analysed for pathogens using POC‐PCR. The paediatrician registered treatment decisions, referrals for additional procedures and decisions about hospitalisation into a questionnaire before and after receiving the POC‐PCR results.ResultsWe included 95 children. The availability of results from POC‐PCR analysis significantly changed the prescribed antibiotic treatment to non‐antibiotic treatment in 46% (36%–56%) of the children and the reverse in 2% (1%–8%). Paediatricians referred significantly fewer patients to additional medical procedures with availability of POC‐PCR.ConclusionPOC‐PCR significantly reduced the odds of antibiotic prescription and referral for additional medical procedures. Thus, POC‐PCR presents an opportunity to improve antibiotic‐prescribing practices if it is combined with standard clinical evaluation.
Art of resistance: Art activism, experts, and housing security in Nang Loeng, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Natakun Boonanan , Rugkhapan Napong Tao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper presents a case study of art activism in Nang Loeng, a historic neighbourhood in Bangkok, Thailand. Long recognised for its rich cultural heritage from food to architecture, Nang Loeng has established its name as a site of cultural tourism, drawing interest from tourists, artists, and professional experts. Like many neighbourhoods nearby, Nang Loeng today is being threatened by looming gentrification and eviction, as the inner city is transforming itself into a tourist destination. In particular, the upcoming underground construction has put their housing security under pressure. The paper first discusses the context of rail‐led urban transformation in historic Bangkok, fuelled by the discourse of transit‐oriented development. Then, it introduces Nang Loeng and their series of art‐based programmes. Disappointed by their failure to secure housing tenure from the landlord, Nang Loeng residents have turned to activism as a tool of resistance. Here, the paper pays particular attention to the role of community architects who creatively translates neighbourhood concerns into artistic forms. Through the case of Buffalo Field Festival, the paper illustrates how the community architects, artists and local residents collaboratively use Nang Loeng's cultural assets to make subtle political statements.
Risk factors associating with delayed gastric emptying after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy
Authors: Kameyama Akira , Yoshifuku Seiziro , Sasahara Kotaro , Otagiri Noriaki , Miyamoto Masatake , Nishida Yasunori , Tauchi Katsunori 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of delayed gastric emptying among the patients receiving laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, and to explore their clinical features and risk factors.MethodsClinical data were collected for 223 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological features and analyzed the incidence of delayed gastric emptying among 223 patients. Delayed gastric emptying was diagnosed by patient's symptoms and the plane radiograph with an air fluid level and dilation of the remnant stomach.ResultsDelayed gastric emptying was found in five (2.2%) of the 223 patients. By univariate logistic regression analysis, greater American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS) and older age were significantly related to occurrence of delayed gastric emptying. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age was independently significantly related to incident delayed gastric emptying. The area under the curve (AUC) ((95% CI) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.842 (0.561–0.957). The best cutoff for discriminating patients with and without delayed gastric emptying was 80 years (sensitivity 80% and specificity 83%).ConclusionOur study found the occurrence of delayed gastric emptying is possibly correlated with age. Therefore, careful perioperative observation in elderly patients may possibly be important for possible development of delayed gastric emptying after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.
If MacIntyre ran a business school… how practical wisdom can be developed in management education
Authors: Sison Alejo José G. , Redín Dulce M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show how a MacIntyre‐inspired business school could contribute to developing practical wisdom in students through its curriculum, methods, faculty, student selection criteria, and governance. Despite MacIntyre's critiques, management can be presented, in MacIntyrean terms, as a second‐order, domain‐relative practice, with practical wisdom as corresponding virtue. Management education consists in developing practical wisdom. How? Primarily by initiating students and enabling them to participate in communal traditions of inquiry focused on, although not limited to, the purposes and ends of business. The transmission of objective knowledge, analytical skills, and techniques is subordinated to the end goal. We consider traditions centered on shareholder value maximization, the balancing of stakeholder interests, and the fulfillment of the common good of firms. Each gives rise to a particular kind of business school. A MacIntyrean business school is one that seeks the common good of firms.
JNK pathway plays a critical role for expansion of human colorectal cancer in the context of BRG1 suppression
Authors: Yoshikawa Takaaki , Fukuda Akihisa , Omatsu Mayuki , Namikawa Mio , Sono Makoto , Fukunaga Yuichi , Masuda Tomonori , Araki Osamu , Nagao Munemasa , Ogawa Satoshi , Masuo Kenji , Goto Norihiro , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Muta Yu , Tsuda Motoyuki , Maruno Takahisa , Nakanishi Yuki , Kawada Kenji , Takaishi Shigeo , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTumor stem cells (TSCs), capable of self‐renewal and continuous production of progeny cells, could be potential therapeutic targets. We have recently reported that chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is required for maintenance of murine intestinal TSCs and stemness feature of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by inhibiting apoptosis. However, it is still unclear how BRG1 suppression changes the underlying intracellular mechanisms of human CRC cells. We found that Brg1 suppression resulted in upregulation of the JNK signaling pathway in human CRC cells and murine intestinal TSCs. Simultaneous suppression of BRG1 and the JNK pathway, either by pharmacological inhibition or silencing of c‐JUN, resulted in even stronger inhibition of the expansion of human CRC cells compared to Brg1 suppression alone. Consistently, high c‐JUN expression correlated with worse prognosis for survival in human CRC patients with low BRG1 expression. Therefore, the JNK pathway plays a critical role for expansion and stemness of human CRC cells in the context of BRG1 suppression, and thus a combined blockade of BRG1 and the JNK pathway could be a novel therapeutic approach against human CRC.
C2‐linked alkynyl poly‐ethylene glycol(PEG) adenosine conjugates as water‐soluble adenosine receptor agonists
Authors: Ferguson Lindsay , Madieh Nasrin Shokrzadeh , Vaideanu Alexandra , Schatzlein Andreas , Festa Joseph , Singh Harprit , Wells Geoffrey , Bhakta Sanjib , Brucoli Federico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of 12 novel polyethylene‐glycol(PEG)‐alkynyl C2‐adenosine(ADN) conjugates were synthesized using a robust Sonogashira coupling protocol and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis. The ADN‐PEG conjugates showed null to moderate toxicity in murine macrophages and 12c was active against Mycobacterium aurum growth (MIC = 62.5 mg/L). The conjugates were not active against Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Conjugates 10b and 11b exhibited high water solubility with solubility values of 1.22 and 1.18 mg/ml, respectively, in phosphate buffer solutions at pH 6.8. Further, 10b and 11b induced a significant increase in cAMP accumulation in RAW264.7 cells comparable with that induced by adenosine. Analogues 10c, 11c and 12c were docked to the A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) using crystal‐structures and homology models. ADN‐PEG‐conjugates bearing chains with up to five ethyleneoxy units could be well accommodated within the binding sites of A1, A2A and A3 ARs. Docking studies showed that compound 10b and 11b were the best A2A receptor binders of the series, whereas 12c was the best binder for A1 AR. In summary, introduction of hydrophilic PEG substituents at the C2 of adenine ring significantly improved water solubility and did not affect AR binding properties of the ADN‐PEG conjugates.
The U.S. market for imported wildlife not listed in the CITES multilateral treaty
Authors: Watters Freyja , Stringham Oliver , Shepherd Chris R. , Cassey Phillip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe international wildlife trade presents severe conservation and environmental security risks, yet no international regulatory framework exists to monitor the trade of species not listed in the appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We explored the composition and dynamics of internationally regulated versus nonregulated trade, with a focus on importations of wild‐caught terrestrial vertebrates entering the United States from 2009 to 2018. We used 10 years of species‐level trade records of the numbers of live, wild‐caught animals imported to the United States and data on International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates of extinction risk to determine whether there were differences in the diversity, abundance, and risk to extinction among imports of CITES‐listed versus unlisted species. We found 3.6 times the number of unlisted species in U.S. imports compared with CITES‐listed species (1366 vs. 378 species). The CITES‐listed species were more likely to face reported conservation threats relative to unlisted species (71.7% vs. 27.5%). However, 376 unlisted species faced conversation threats, 297 species had unknown population trends, and 139 species were without an evaluation by the IUCN. Unlisted species appearing for the first time in records were imported 5.5 times more often relative to CITES‐listed species. Unlisted reptiles had the largest rate of entry, averaging 53 unique species appearing in imports for the first time per year. Overall trade quantities were approximately 11 times larger for imports of unlisted species relative to imports of CITES‐listed species. Countries that were top exporters of CITES‐listed species were mostly different from exporters of unlisted species. Because of the vulnerabilities of unlisted, traded species entering the United States and increasing global demand, we strongly recommend governments adapt their policies to monitor and report on the trade of all wildlife.
Cross‐cultural mobile game evaluation shows improvement in environmental learning, but not behavior
Authors: Thomas‐Walters Laura , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGames have a wide range of potential uses, from mediating conservation conflicts to changing behaviors. However, there have been few impact evaluations of serious games published in the environmental field. We conducted the first cross‐cultural evaluation of an environmental mobile game, Save The Purple Frog. In a randomized control trial with both UK and Indian participants, we found very strong evidence that Save The Purple Frog had a positive impact on learning (effect size 0.62, p = 0.0001), but no evidence that it affected behaviors or attitudes. Our study contributes to the evidence base for environmental serious games, demonstrating their potential as an engaging tool for environmental education. We suggest examining the impact of longer gameplay as a future research direction, as well as exploring different gameplay styles.
An involvement of COX and 5‐LOX pathways in the penicillin‐ and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced epilepsy models
Authors: Taskiran Mehmet , Taşdemir Abdulkadir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationship between epilepsy and COX/5‐LOX inflammation pathways in the penicillin and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced epilepsy models. For this purpose, 42 albino male Wistar rats were used in this study. In the penicillin and PTZ‐induced epilepsy models, epileptiform activity was induced by injection of penicillin (500 IU, i.c.) and PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p., three times a week), respectively. Licofelone (20 mg/kg, i.p.), a dual inhibitor of COX/5‐LOX, and esculetin (20 mg/kg, i.p.), a 5‐LOX inhibitor, were given. In the penicillin‐induced epilepsy model, ECoG activity was recorded for 180 min. In the PTZ‐induced epilepsy model, both ECoG activity was recorded, and behavioral parameters were performed. In the penicillin groups, both licofelone and esculetin decreased the mean spike frequency and amplitude during the experiments. In the PTZ groups, licofelone (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was more effective than esculetin (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Licofelone showed its protective effects both in ECoG activity and in behavioral parameters. Esculetin was less effective when compared to licofelone. The electrophysiological and behavioral data from the present study indicated that inflammation pathways might have a crucial role in controlling epileptiform activity in rats. Licofelone might be a valuable candidate in advanced studies.
Applied Geophysics for Managed Aquifer Recharge
Authors: Parker Timothy K. , Jansen John , Behroozmand Ahmad‐Ali , Halkjaer Max , Thorn Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing water stress and decreasing supplies caused by growth and climate variability have expanded demand for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects to provide water supply resilience. Some of the most important factors in determining the performance of a MAR project include site selection, subsurface hydrogeologic characteristics and associated properties of the storage zone. Costs for invasive subsurface investigations to address these factors have slowly increased over the past two decades, with drilling costs increasing dramatically by as much as 30% or more since COVID‐19 hit, a result of supply chain issues, steel prices, and manpower challenges. This paper provides a high‐level review of major geophysical methods that have become more mainstream over the past decade or two to supplement invasive subsurface investigations and are very cost effective when compared to drilling boreholes and installing wells, which provide only point data. The more commonly used surface geophysical methods include ground‐based and airborne time‐domain electromagnetic methods (TEM), electrical resistivity, and seismic reflection. Airborne TEM methods (AEM) collect data very quickly, avoiding ground‐based access constraints, and land‐based methods are especially efficient using towed arrays. Electrical resistivity measurements provide resolution comparable to TEM but require more time than towed methods. Seismic reflection surveys are more expensive than other methods but typically have a much greater depth of penetration and can provide high resolution information on aquifer geometry, geology, and faults. Borehole geophysics is one of the more common methods used in MAR, providing near hole formation data and ground truths surface geophysics.
The Ecology of Engagement: Fostering cooperative efforts in health with patients and communities
Authors: Boivin Antoine , Dumez Vincent , Castonguay Geneviève , Berkesse Alexandre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContextPatients and community members are engaged in nearly every aspect of health systems. However, the engagement literature remains siloed and fragmented, which makes it difficult to connect engagement efforts with broader goals of health, equity and sustainability. Integrated and inclusive models of engagement are needed to support further transformative efforts.MethodsThis article describes the Ecology of Engagement, an integrated model of engagement. The model posits that: (1) Health ecosystems include all members of society engaged in health; (2) Engagement is the ‘together’ piece of health and healthcare (e.g., caring for each other, preventing, researching, teaching and building policies together); (3) Health ecosystems and engagement are interdependent from each other, both influencing health, equity, resilience and sustainability.ConclusionThe Ecology of Engagement offers a common sketch to foster dialogue on engagement across health ecosystems. The model can drive cooperative efforts with patients and communities on health, equity, resilience and sustainability.Patients and Public ContributionThree of the authors have lived experiences as patients. One has a socially disclosed identity as a patient partner leader with extensive experience in engagement (individual care, education, research, management and policy). Two authors have significant experience as patients and informal caregivers, which were mobilized in descriptive illustrations. A fourth author has experience as an engaged citizen in health policy debates. All authors have professional lived experience in health (manager, researcher, health professional, consultant and educator). Six patient and caregiver partners with lived experience of engagement (other than the authors) contributed important revisions and intellectual content.
Coordination polymers as precursors of simple and complex oxides
Authors: Hayashi Hiroyuki , Morimitsu Yuta , Tatsumi Ikko , Tanaka Isao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoordination polymers (CPs) are assembled from metal ions and organic linker molecules. Here, we demonstrate that CPs can be used as precursors for simple and complex oxide synthesis. First, we investigated the conditions for linker solutions in which CP was obtained as precipitate only by mixing and stirring the solutions for each of the 28 metal–ion aqueous solutions. Evaluation of the crystalline phase of the samples obtained by firing the precipitates revealed that CPs could be used as precursors of simple oxides for 21 metal ions. Next, we conducted experiments to prepare precursors of 10 complex oxides with an AnBnOm composition containing equimolar amounts of metal ions. Seven complex oxides were successfully synthesized. Three of them were complex oxides that could not be synthesized by the spray coprecipitation method. The present method has a comparable precursor preparation capability to the spray coprecipitation method. Because of the much shorter time for the precursor synthesis, the present method should be useful for parallel and automated experiments.
Loving my local business as my neighbor: Religiosity's influence on local business support during a crisis
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. , Cabano Frank G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany local businesses have and are continuing to struggle as a result of the pandemic crisis due in part to reduced consumer spending. However, the motives behind why some consumers are more supportive than others toward local businesses in such a crisis are not adequately understood. We address this gap in the literature through three experimental studies where we examine how the core consumer value of religiosity explains consumer response to the crisis as consumers seek to act in ways that align with their value system. Study 1 (257 adults from MTurk) shows a positive relationship between religiosity and support for local businesses but only during a pandemic. Study 2 (307 adults from MTurk) shows that this relationship is greatest for local (vs. non‐local) businesses, and caring for one's neighbors mediates this effect. Finally, Study 3 (200 adults from MTurk) uses advertising to prime focus on one's neighbors, revealing that a neighbors‐focused ad increases local business support to similar levels for consumers of all religiosity levels. Findings build on belief congruence theory with implications for marketing practitioners in the current pandemic crisis and other crises of medical, environmental, and other origins.