bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MO146: Effects of High-Intensity Exercise on Renal and Endothelial Function of Crossfit Athletes
Authors: Cesar Chaves Nunes Filho Julio , Castelo Branco Holanda Gadelha Pereira Dyego , Salviano de Matos Robson , Vieira Pinto Daniel , de Olveira Vilar Neto José , Cavalcante Meneses Gdayllon , Maria Costa Martins Alice , Silva Camurça David , Helen Barreto Melo Anne , De Francesco Daher Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
High-intensity exercise modalities such as Crossfit have increased the number of practitioners due to the benefits such as weight loss. However, high-intensity exercise can induce renal and endothelial damage. The objective was to verify the main acute effects of high-intensity exercise on renal and endothelial function of Crossfit athletes.

METHOD
The study was conducted by evaluating 10 high-performance Crossfit athletes, performing pre- and 24-h post-competition test collection. The athletes were evaluated using biomarkers for kidney injury, such as lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL), creatine kinase (CK), albumin, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Endothelial damage was evaluated using serum enzymatic markers, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and Syndecan-1. In addition, athletes' physical and social evaluation questionnaires measuring body composition data and socioeconomic conditions were used. Statistical analysis was performed with Shapiro-Wilk and Student t test for parametric values and Wilcoxon for non-parametric data. Pearson and Spearman tests were used for data with normality and non-normality, respectively.

RESULTS
There was a significant increase in creatinine (1.03 ± 0.24 versus 1.36 ± 0.34 mg/ dL, P = .001) and CK [median 302.40 (115.75–474.00) versus 2048.80 (542.75–3391.25) U/L, P = .005] 24 h after the activity, and reduced eGFR (91.55 ± 21.15 versus 66.45 ± 20.6 mL/min/1.73 m², P = .000). The values of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Syndecan-1 and NGAL did not show statistically significant variations. There was a strong positive correlation between syndecan-1 and CK (P = .000, r = 0.953).

CONCLUSION
The study showed that high performance exercise performed by athletes does not cause significant acute changes in renal function, but its intensity was able to cause muscle damage and endothelial changes in the participants.
MO159: Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Level is Positively Associated with Aortic Stiffness Measuring by Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Maintenance Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Lai Yu-Hsien , Lin Wei-Chen , Hsu Bang-Gee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) acts as an evident predictor for the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and increased incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Aortic stiffness predicts cardiovascular disease and is associated with ageing-associated vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum TMAO levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients.

METHOD
A total of 115 patients with HD were enrolled in this study. cfPWV was measured using the SphygmoCor system. Patients with cfPWV &gt;10 m/s were defined as the aortic stiffness group. Serum TMAO level was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

RESULTS
Forty-two HD patients (36.5%) had aortic stiffness and higher percentages of diabetes (P &lt; .001), hypertension (P = .026), were of older age (P = .028) and had higher systolic blood pressure (P = .025), serum glucose level (P = .029) and TMAO levels (P &lt; .001) compared to control group. After adjusting for factors significantly associated with aortic stiffness by multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum TMAO [odds ratio (OR): 1.010, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003–1.017, P = .003) and age (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.007–1.088, P = .021) were independently associated with aortic stiffness in patients with chronic HD. After multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis also noted that serum TMAO level (β = 0.355, adjusted R2 change = 0.198, P &lt; .001) was positively associated with cfPWV values in HD patients.

CONCLUSION
Serum TMAO level is an independent marker of aortic stiffness and is positively associated with cfPWV values in patients with chronic HD.
MO168: Urinary Podocin Cell Count in Relation to Glomerular Damage Markers in Patients with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: van den Berge Tijmen , Jansen Jitske , van de Logt Anne-Els , Smeets Bart , Wetzels Jack F M , Maas Rutger 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Progressive renal failure in patients with glomerular disease is driven by podocyte depletion. Several methods have been proposed to monitor urinary podocyte loss. Here, we investigated the process of podocyte depletion in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) by flow cytometric detection of podocin-positive cells in urine.

METHOD
We included nine patients with PNS. Urinary cell pellets were spun down, washed and stained for podocin and subsequently counted using FACS. Urinary protein and creatinine levels were determined from the same portion of urine. Normal values of urinary podocin-positive cells were obtained in urine samples of four healthy controls.

RESULTS
Mean urinary podocyte count (podocin-positive cells) was on average 100.0 (3.1–228.1) times higher in patients compared to healthy controls. Podocyte excretion showed significant correlations with urinary protein/creatinine ratios (R2 = 0.86, P &lt; .01).

CONCLUSION
Urinary excretion of podocin-positive podocytes was significantly increased in patients with PNS, and correlated significantly with protein/creatinine ratios in patients with PNS. We conclude that this method can be used to monitor the process of podocyte depletion, and impact of treatment. We are planning prospective studies to evaluate the prognostic value of urinary podocin+ podocyte excretion in patients with PNS.
MO172: Correlation of Serum Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein Level and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chronic Kidney Patients
Authors: Boey Han-Bin , Liao Tsung-Yu , Wang Chih-Hsien , Tang Chi-Chong , Hsu Bang-Gee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is expressed in adipocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages and it was thought to be involved in insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and atherosclerotic processes. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and a key pathological process is atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between serum A-FABP level and PAD in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD).

METHOD
Fasting blood samples and baseline characteristics were obtained from 260 non-dialysis CKD patients (CKD stage 1–5). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) values were measured using an automated oscillometric device. Patients with ABIs of &lt;0.9 were categorized into the low ABI group. Serum A-FABP levels were measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay assay.

RESULTS
In the study cohort, 32 of the 260 non-dialysis CKD patients (12.3%) had low ABIs. The rates of diabetes mellitus (P = .037), smoking (P = .030), older age (P = .002) as well as the serum levels of A-FABP (P = .003) were higher in the low ABI group compared with the normal ABI group. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum levels of A-FABP [odds ratio (OR): 1.223, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.068–1.401, P = .004], older age (OR: 1.064, 95% CI: 1.026–1.104, P = .001) and smoking (OR: 4.438, 95% CI: 1.493–13.198, P = .007) were the independently associated with PAD in patients with CKD. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of A-FABP level was 0.662 (95% CI: 0.601–0.719, P = .0004) for predicting PAD in non-dialysis CKD patients.

CONCLUSION
In this study, serum A-FABP levels were associated with PAD in patients with non-dialysis CKD.
MO216: The Importance of Nephrotic Range Proteinuria in Renal Survival of Patients With IGA Nephropathy
Authors: Fokas Stavros , Kostopoulou Myrto , Kanellopoulou Konstantina , Drakopoulos Angelos , Tigka Eirini , Liaveri Paraskevi , Moustakas Georges 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Persistent proteinuria (urinary protein level [UPr]&gt;1 g/24 h) and especially nephrotic range proteinuria, is a poor prognostic factor in IgA nephropathy. Patients with proteinuria &gt; 3.5 g/24 h have a 24-fold faster decline of renal function as compared with those with &lt; 1g/24 h. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between nephrotic range proteinuria and renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy.

METHOD
All records from patients who were followed in a renal outpatient clinic and had a biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy were retrospectively screened. Patients with nephrotic range proteinuria (UPr &gt; 3.5 g/24 h) at the time of diagnosis were compared, regarding their clinical and epidemiological characteristics, with patients with lower levels of proteinuria. Renal survival was defined as the absence of end-stage kidney disease [estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)≤15 mL/min/1.73 m2] or/and a ≥ 50% reduction of eGFR from baseline values.

RESULTS
We included 53 patients with IgA nephropathy. Their mean age was 46.24 (±16.92) and the median follow-up time was 49 (17–111) months. The median UPr value at the time of diagnosis was 1.89 (0.83–3.50) g/24 h and 17 patients had UPr &gt; 3.5 g/24 h. Patients with nephrotic range proteinuria had worse renal function (eGFR 29 versus 73 mL/min/1.73 m2 P &lt; .001), developed more frequently hypertension (82.35% versus 50%, P = .02) and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (23.53% versus 5.56%, P = .05) compared with those with lower levels of proteinuria. The episodes of macroscopic hematuria were less frequent in the group of patients with nephrotic range proteinuria (11.76% versus 38.89%, P = .05). Regarding patients treated with prednisone, the mean daily dose of prednisone was 23.42 mg for the nephrotic patients versus 16.61 mg for the patients with UPr &lt; 3.5 g/24 h (P = .03). Proteinuria &gt; 3.5 g/24 h was an independent risk factor for poor renal survival (HR 15.48, P = .01). The 5-year renal survival of patients with nephrotic range proteinuria was reduced compared with those with lower levels of proteinuria (66.64% versus 100%).

CONCLUSION
This study showed that the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria at the time of diagnosis was an independent risk factor for reduced renal survival. This relationship persisted after sex, age and renal function adjustment at the time of diagnosis.
MO219: Are C4D, Nephrın and WT1 Expressıons İmportant ın the Dıfferentıal Dıagnosıs between Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosıs and Mınımal Change Dısease?
Authors: Akcali Esra , Turgutalp Kenan , Yuyucu Karabulut Yasemin , Ebru Eser Zeynep , Agtas Mistik Ozge , Coskun Yılmaz Banu , Bardak Simge , Ozturk Savas , Demir Serap , Kıykım Ahmet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal Change Disease (MCD) are most common seen glomerulonephritis. Differential diagnosis between FSGS and MCD by light microscopy (LM) cannot be made in some times. In this situation, electron microscopy (EM) is needed for differential diagnosis. Rarely, EM may not be sufficient for differential diagnosis. There are needed new markers for differential diagnose between FSGS and MCD. The aim of this study is to determine which of the glomerular C4d, nephrine staining is specific and sensitive for FSGS and MCD.
C4d, Recent experimental data show that complement activation plays a pathogenic role in the development of FSGS. Therefore, C4d staining in the sclerotic focus of the glomeruli in FSGS patients may have an important differential diagnosis.
Nephrine is the main component of the slit diaphragm that connects the foot protrusions of the podocytes. Epithelial cell and podocyte dysfunction occurs as a result of defects in the genes encoding these key proteins expressed in GBM.
Wilms’ tumour suppressor gene (WT1) is a transcription factor that plays very important role in the embryonal development of the genital organs and kidney. WT-1 is expressed in podocytes and is an important transcription factor for podocyte function.

METHOD
This is a retrospective study, comprised of patients diagnosed as FSGS, MCD and the ones who diagnosed as having FSGS or MCD couldnot be differentiated. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1: FSGS patients, Group 2: patients with indefinite diagnosis; either FSGS or MCD and Group 3: MCD patients. All biopsy materials were stained with C4d, WT1 and nephrine. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of C4d, WT1 and nephrine were evaluated for the diagnosis of both FSGS and MCD.

RESULTS
C4d staining in group 1 was significantly higher compared with group 2 and group 3 (P &lt; .05). Nephrine was shown significantly more staining in group 3 patients than group 1 (P &lt; .05). C4d was found to be associated with the presence of global or segmental sclerosis in the glomeruli, adhesion to the Bowman's capsule (P &lt; .05). The specificity and sensitivity of C4d in FSGS patients were 85%, 73.9%, while it was 26.1% and 15.4% in MCD. Specificity and sensitivity of nephrine were 87%, 69% in MCD patients compared with 30.8% and 13% in FSGS (Fig. 1). PPV and NPV values of C4d and nephrine in FSGS and MCD were shown in Figure 2.

CONCLUSION
C4d and nephrine have predictive diagnostic value for FSGS and MCD respectively. C4d and nephrine are more specific and sensitive to FSGS and MCD, respectively. However, there is a need for randomized studies with larger study groups
MO222: Prognostic Factors for CKD Progression in Patients with IGA Nephropathy
Authors: Kostopoulou Myrto , Fokas Stavros , Drakopoulos Angelos , Louka Michaela , Gkika Vasiliki , Vasileiou Kyriaki , Moustakas Georges 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
IgA nephropathy is a progressive renal disease with up to 30% of patients reaching end stage kidney disease within 10–20 years. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenotype of patients with IgA nephropathy followed in a tertiary renal center and explore its association with renal survival.

METHOD
All records from patients with a biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy were retrospectively assessed. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for each patient at baseline and during follow-up. The transition to the next stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by the end of the follow-up was considered as progression of CKD.

RESULTS
We included 53 patients with IgA nephropathy, 35 (66.04%) males and 18 (33.96%) females. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 46 (±16.92) years old and the median follow-up time was 4.75 (2–11.75) years. Median eGFR using the CKD-EPI creatinine equation was 63 (32–86) mL/min/1.73 m2 and the median proteinuria level was 1890 (830–3500) mg/24 h. At the time of diagnosis, 30.19% of patients presented with macroscopic hematuria, 24.53% with upper respiratory infection, 11.32% with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and 60.38% with hypertension. The majority (86.7%) of patients were treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, while 34 patients (64.15%) received immunosuppression. Eighteen patients (33.96%) were treated with a 6-month corticosteroid regimen (Pozzi protocol), seven (13.21%) with cyclophosphamide, four (7.55%) with azathioprine and eleven (20.75%) with mycophenolate mofetil, while seven patients (13.21%) received repeated therapeutic regimens. The level of proteinuria (g/24h) and the need for repeated therapy were prognostic factors of CKD progression at the end of the follow-up (HR 1.22, P = .01 and HR 2.90, P = .04, respectively). In age-adjusted multivariable analysis only the need for repeated therapy remained statistically significant. The patients who needed repeated treatment had a 4.45-fold risk for CKD progression compared with patients of the same age, who did not need repeated therapy (HR 4.45, P = .02).

CONCLUSION
High grade proteinuria and mainly the need for repeated treatment are poor prognostic factors of CKD progression during the long-term follow up of patients with IgA nephropathy.
MO224: Antibody Responses to a 3RD Booster Dose of SARS-COV-2 Vaccines in Patients with Vasculitides and Renal Involvement
Authors: Chalkia Aglaia , Koutsianas Christos , Alexakou Zoi , Panagiotopoulos Alexandros , Aggelis George , Vasilopoulos Dimitrios , Petras Dimitrios 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Immunosuppressed patients are in general less likely to achieve a detectable antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 after the primary doses of vaccine administration. However, there are limited data for the effect of a third booster dose in this patient population, especially for those with vasculitides and renal involvement treated with rituximab (RTX).

METHOD
We retrospectively assessed the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, after completion of the primary vaccine series (two doses) and after the booster third dose, in patients with vasculitides and renal involvement. IgG antibodies to the spike protein S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 were measured using ELISA &gt;1 month after completion of the primary vaccination series (two doses of Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccines) and 15–30 days after the third booster dose (Pfizer, given 3–6 months after the second dose).

RESULTS
We included 20 patients with vasculitis [AAV, n = 16 (80%), IgAV, n = 4 (20%)] and renal involvement. All patients received immunosuppressives, including RTX (80%), MMF/AZA (15%), cyclophosphamide (5%), while half of patients were on glucocorticoids. The seroconversion rate after the primary two doses (Pfizer n = 8/16, Astra-Zeneca n = 1/1) was 53%, which increased to 67% after the third booster dose (Pfizer, n = 12/18). Similarly, the median antibody titers increased from 451 U/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 81–10.845] after the second dose to 1016 U/mL (ΙQR: 64–37.568) after the booster dose. Regarding patients treated with RTX, the respective response rates after the second and third dose were 58% and 62%. Seropositive patients after the third dose tended to have lower previous cumulative exposure to RTX compared with seronegative ones (4.55 versus 5.5 g, P = .62, respectively). No vaccine side effects or disease relapses were noted after the three vaccine doses.

CONCLUSION
In our patient cohort with systemic vasculitis and renal involvement treated mainly with RTX, a third booster vaccine dose increased the seropositivity rate from 53% to 67%. Nevertheless, one-third of patients did not achieve seroconversion. Whether a fourth booster dose could benefit these patients is still unknown.
MO270: N-3-Oxododecanoyl Homoserine Lactone Inhibits Angiogenesis by Activating the Angiopoietin-Tie System in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Shin Jungho , Hee Ahn Sun , Hyun Kim Su , Oh Dong-Jin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The dysregulation of the angiopoietin–Tie system is associated with the development of sepsis-associated endothelial dysfunction. Bacterial quorum-sensing molecules act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns; however, the effect of quorum-sensing molecules on the angiopoietin–Tie system remains uncertain.

METHOD
This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

RESULTS
Treatment with 3OC12-HSL reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 3OC12-HSL treatment impaired the ability of tube formation even at non-lethal concentrations. The patterns of mRNA expression regarding the angiopoietin-Tie axis were assessed and the increased mRNA expressions of angiopoietin-2, Foxo-1, Tie1, and VEGFR2 were found in the 3OC12-HSL-treated cells. Western blot revealed that treatment with 3OC12-HSL increased the relative expressions of agiopoietin-2 and Foxo-1 and decreased the expression of Tie2. The study further evaluated the expression of IQGAP1 and the expressions of IQGAP1 and Rac1 decreased in cells treated with 3OC12-HSL. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that treatment with 3OC12-HSL decreased the association between IQGAP1 and Rac1 in endothelial cells.

CONCLUSION
3OC12-HSL can impair endothelial angiogenesis via the activation of the angiopoietin-Tie pathway. In addition, it may induce the dissociation of IQGAP1 with Rac1. Adjuvant therapy for blocking the quorum-sensing systems can help preserve endothelial cell integrity and prevent organ failure in patients with sepsis.
MO296: Seasonal Variations in AKI Incidence and Outcomes
Authors: Alsahow Ali , Alkandari Omar , Alyousef Anas , Alhelal Bassam , Alrajab Heba , Alqallaf Ahmed K E A , Bahbahani Yousif , Alsharekh Monther , Nessim Gamal , Mashal Bassem , Saad Elabbadi Mohamed , Mohamed Eltaher Eliwa Bayoumi Mazroue Ahmed , Abdelzaher Ali , Abdelrady Ahmed , Nawar Ehab 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Kuwait enjoys a cool winter but suffers a very hot summer. We aim to evaluate the relationship between weather temperature and acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence and outcome.

METHOD
We prospectively collected demographic (age, sex and nationality), clinical (CKD status, cause of AKI and comorbidities), management (fluids, diuretics, inotropes, ventilatory support and dialysis) and 30-day patients and kidney outcome data for all adult nephrology consultations for AKI in seven major public hospitals in Kuwait during January, February and March/2021 and compared them to those of June, July and August/2021.

RESULTS
A total of 2038 patients with AKI were enrolled (mean age: 64; males: 59%, Kuwaitis: 58%; mean eGFR: 66.5; mean initial Hgb: 106). Of the cohort, 42% had baseline eGFR &lt; 60 (with a mean eGFR of 37, a mean age of 68 and a mean Hgb of 102 versus a mean eGFR of 88, a mean age of 59 and a mean Hgb of 109 for the group with baseline eGFR &gt; 60). Higher percentage of AKI cases took place in cooler months (63% versus 37%). Patients with AKI in cooler months were significantly older (65 versus 59), with lower baseline eGFR (63 versus 72.5) and more comorbidities (DM, HTN, CAD). There was no difference between the two groups in the use of IV fluids (saline, bicarbonate, blood products, etc.) or IV diuretics (loop, thiazide or potassium-sparing); however, IV vasopressors were used more often in cooler months in cases of AKI. Mechanical ventilation was more frequently used in the summer cases (44% of summer AKI cases versus 40% of winter AKI cases) but not statistically significant. Dialysis was needed for 44% of the entire cohort, 56% of dialysis cases were in cooler months (31% of winter AKI cases) and 44% in summer months (40% of summer AKI cases). Dialysis modality was continuous in 85% of all cases. At 30 days, 36.5% of the total cohort died; 72% of them died while on dialysis. Larger proportion of deaths in AKI cases in cooler months (58% of total deaths or 33% of the winter AKI cases versus 42% of the total death or 42% of the summer AKI cases), with more deaths while on dialysis seen in cooler months too (56% versus 44% of deaths while on dialysis). However, lower rates of complete recovery from AKI were seen in summer cases (33% versus 67%), with a mean final eGFR of 57 for the winter AKI cases versus 41 for the summer AKI cases.

CONCLUSION
AKI is more common in the cooler months of the year affecting an older group of patients with more comorbidities, and is associated with higher usage of dialysis and higher rates of death, but probably better chances of kidney recovery in those who survive.