bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with dietary patterns among men and women living in Mexico City: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Oviedo-Solís Cecilia Isabel , Hernández-Alcaraz César , Sánchez-Ortíz Néstor Alonso , López-Olmedo Nancy , Jáuregui Alejandra , Barquera Simón 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundDiet is one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases and is related to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including sex. These associations vary across populations. We aimed to investigate which factors are associated with dietary patterns among adults living in Mexico City by sex.MethodsWe used data from the Mexico City Diabetes Representative Study, a cross-sectional, multistage, stratified, and cluster-sampled survey in Mexico City (n = 1,142; 413 men and 729 women). Dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Foods and beverages were categorized into 23 food groups to identify dietary patterns by cluster analysis. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables included were self-reported through standardized questionnaires. We assessed the association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with dietary patterns through a multinomial logistic model stratified by sex.ResultsWe identified three dietary patterns: basic, prudent, and fast food. Among men and women, higher school attainment was associated with a lower relative probability of having a basic rather than prudent dietary pattern (women: RRR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9; men: RRR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9). Divorced or separated men (RRR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.2) and those living with a partner (RRR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.1) had a higher relative probability of consuming a fast food dietary pattern than the prudent one, compared to single men. Men living with a partner (RRR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 8.6) or working long shifts (RRR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.1) had a higher probability of consuming a basic pattern rather than a prudent one compared to peers. Among women, those with high SES had a lower probability of consuming the “basic” pattern rather than the “prudent” pattern compared to those with low SES. No lifestyle factors were associated to dietary patterns.ConclusionsMen living in Mexico City with lower education, age, non-single, and working long hours (i.e., more than the established by the law), and women with lower age, education, and socioeconomic level are prone to adhere to unhealthy diets. These associations are likely to be driven by gender roles.
Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination refusal among healthcare workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Elsa Tesfa , Shama Adisu Tafari , Ahmed Mohammed Musa , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Ward Paul R. , Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEven though the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and the increasing vaccination rates are promising, there are reports of refusal to get vaccinated in a different segment of the population, including health care workers.ObjectiveThis study determines the acceptance/refusal of the COVID-19 vaccination and its predictors among health care workers in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among a group of health care workers at different health facilities in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 1 to 30 July 2020. Data were collected from 403 participants through an online Google submission form. Data were entered into Epi-info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis.ResultsApproximately 38.5% of the health care workers in the study had refused COVID-19 vaccination. Younger age groups vs. 40 and above years (age 20–24 year [AOR: 0.03, 95% CI (0.00, 0.48)], age 25–29 year [AOR: 0.02, 95% CI (0.00, 0.49)], and age 30–34 year [AOR: 0.04 (0.00, 0.49)] and medical doctors vs. Nurses [AOR: 0.06, 95% CI, (0.01, 0.42)] were reported as risk factors; also, academic working staff vs. hospital staff [AOR: 4.42, 95% CI (1.85, 10.54)] was reported as a protective factor toward refusal of COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionTwo-fifths of health care workers in Ethiopia were indicated to refuse COVID-19 vaccination, implying a significant barrier to achieving WHO's a target of 70% double vaccination rate by mid-2022.
The effect of living alone on the mental health of the economically active floating population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Xu Junzhou , Zhang Ling 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic broke out at the end of 2019 in China. Through a strict Zero-Tolerant strategy, the pandemic was nearly controlled in the first half of 2020, and production resumed in most regions of China. A survey was performed to explore the effect of living alone on the mental health of the economically active floating population (EAFP) in developed regions of China during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe online cross-sectional survey was conducted in work resumed time in the first half of 2020 in several developed regions of China. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is used to assess the mental health status. The Multi-level ordinary least squares regression was performed on a total of 4,405 samples to examine the relationships between living alone and the participants' mental health.ResultsMany participants lived alone during the COVID 19 pandemic. Living alone is negatively associated with mental health (p &lt; 0.01) for EAFP. The effect of living alone on mental health is stronger for females than males and for people with a lover than those without a lover. It is also stronger for the seniors (aged 56–70) than younger ones (aged 16–35), and has no significant influence on the middle-aged population (36–55). The effect is significant for self-employed people and employees, and is not significant for unemployed ones. Furthermore, the right amount of online entertainment can lower the effect of living alone on mental health.ConclusionThe results show that living alone strongly affected the mental health of EAFP during the COVID 19 pandemic. Moreover, this effect has generated new inequalities among different groups. In addition, to provide more public services to support people against the pandemic, the government should provide more psychological support to those who live alone and guide them to establish a correct view of marriage and love to reduce living alone negative effect and prevent them from mental health problems.
A nomogram to predict prolonged stay of obesity patients with sepsis in ICU: Relevancy for predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory healthcare strategies
Authors: Chen Yang , Luo Mengdi , Cheng Yuan , Huang Yu , He Qing 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIn an era of increasingly expensive intensive care costs, it is essential to evaluate early whether the length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of obesity patients with sepsis will be prolonged. On the one hand, it can reduce costs; on the other hand, it can reduce nosocomial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether ICU prolonged LOS was significantly associated with poor prognosis poor in obesity patients with sepsis and develop a simple prediction model to personalize the risk of ICU prolonged LOS for obesity patients with sepsis.MethodIn total, 14,483 patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database were randomized to the training set (3,606 patients) and validation set (1,600 patients). The potential predictors of ICU prolonged LOS among various factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. For internal and external validation, a nomogram was developed and performed.ResultsICU prolonged LOS was defined as the third quartile of ICU LOS or more for all sepsis patients and demonstrated to be significantly associated with the mortality in ICU by logistic regression analysis. When entering the ICU, seven independent risk factors were identified: maximum white blood cell, minimum white blood cell, use of ventilation, Glasgow Coma Scale, minimum albumin, maximum respiratory rate, and minimum red blood cell distribution width. In the internal validation set, the area under the curve was 0.73, while in the external validation set, it was 0.78. The calibration curves showed that this model predicted probability due to actually observed probability. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram had a high clinical net benefit.ConclusionIn obesity patients with sepsis, we created a novel nomogram to predict the risk of ICU prolonged LOS. This prediction model is accurate and reliable, and it can assist patients and clinicians in determining prognosis and making clinical decisions.
Oral community health worker-led interventions in households with average levels of psychosocial factors
Authors: Lee Helen H. , Avenetti David , Edomwande Yuwa , Sundararajan Vyshiali , Cui Liyong , Berbaum Michael , Nordgren Rachel , Sandoval Anna , Martin Molly A. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionHousehold-level psychosocial stress levels have been linked to child tooth brushing behaviors. Community health worker (CHW) interventions that target psychosocial factors in high-risk communities have been associated with changes in health behaviors.AimObserve changes in psychosocial factors over time and an association between psychosocial factors and CHW intervention dose amongst urban Chicago families.Patients and methodsParticipants (N = 420 families) were recruited from 10 community clinics and 10 Women, Infants, or Children (WIC) centers in Cook County, Illinois to participate in a clinical trial. Research staff collected participant-reported psychosocial factors (family functioning and caregiver reports of depression, anxiety, support, and social functioning) and characteristics of CHW-led oral health intervention visits (number, content, child engagement) at 0, 6, and 12 months. CHWs recorded field observations after home visits on household environment, social circumstances, stressors, and supports.ResultsParticipants across the cohort reported levels of psychosocial factors consistent with average levels for the general population for nearly all measures. Psychosocial factors did not vary over time. Social functioning was the only measure reported at low levels [32.0 (6.9); 32.1 (6.7); 32.7 (6.9); mean = 50 (standard deviation)] at 0, 6, and 12 months. We did not observe a meaningful difference in social functioning scores over time by exposure to CHW-led intervention visits (control arm, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 visits). Field observations made by CHWs described a range of psychosocial stress related to poverty, language barriers, and immigration status.ConclusionThe unexpectedly average and unchanging psychosocial factors over time, in the context of field observations of stress related to poverty, lack of support, immigration status, and language barriers, suggests that our study did not adequately capture the social determinants of health related to oral health behaviors or that measurement biases precluded accurate assessment. Future studies will assess psychosocial factors using a variety of instruments in an attempt to better measure psychosocial factors including social support, depression, anxiety, functioning, trauma and resilience within our urban population. We will also look at neighborhood-level factors of community distress and resilience to better apply the social ecologic model to child oral health behaviors.
Analysis of neuroendoscopy for the treatment of macroadenomas and giant pituitary adenomas
Authors: Wu Junyong , Zhang Binbin , Shao Dongqi , Ji Shuxin , Li Yu , Xie Shan , Jiang Zhiquan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study investigated the use and effectiveness of endoscopic transnasal, transsphenoidal surgery, a minimally invasive method for the treatment of macroadenomas and giant pituitary a denomas, in a medical setting. The surgical results of 429 patients who received neuroendoscopic treatment of macroadenomas or giant pituitary adenomas were evaluated, and the experiences and lessons learned from treatment complications were assessed.Patients and methodsFrom January 2012 to December 2021, 429 patients with macroadenomas or giant pituitary adenomas, including 60 patients with giant adenomas (diameter ≥4 cm) and 369 patients with macroadenomas (diameter 1–4 cm), received a 3D head CT, a MRI with contrast enhancement, and an endocrinology examination prior to surgery. Preoperative clinical and radiological features, visual measurements, hormone levels, length of stay, length of surgery, postoperative stay, visual and hormone outcomes, resection range, complication and recurrence rates, and routine patient information were recorded. The patients were followed up for 6–72 months (median = 40 months).ResultsOf 429 patients with macroadenomas or giant pituitary adenomas who received neuroendoscopic treatment, 348 (81.12%) had gross-total resections (GTR), 53 (12.35%) had near-total resections (NTR), and 28 (6.53%) had subtotal resections. There were 138 cases of post-operative diabetes insipidus (32.17%), including 7 cases of permanent diabetes insipidus (1.63%), 16 cases of nasal hemorrhage (3.73%), 39 cases of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (9.09%), 4 cases of intracranial infection (0.9%), 16 cases of hypophysis (3.7%), and 15 cases of anosmia (3.50%). The clinical symptoms and endocrinology indices of the patients improved after surgery, and all patients were discharged 5–18 days (8.36 ± 2.65) postop.ConclusionNeuroendoscopy is a safe operation with a short recovery period and hospital stay and is thus an effective method to treat macroadenomas and giant pituitary adenomas. Preoperative evaluation and prediction can help to accurately address possible intraoperative situations and improve GTR.
Contemporary use trends and effect on survival of pelvic lymph node dissection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Tang Yaxiong , Wu Kan , Li Xiang 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who are at a very high risk of disease progression and failure of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment are recommended to undergo immediate radical cystectomy (RC). The role and optimal degree of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during RC for NMIBC patients, however, have not been well investigated.Patients and methodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients. Overall survival (OS) was assessed with the Kaplan–Meier technique. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine independent factors of OS.ResultsA total of 1,701 patients were identified in the SEER database from 2004 to 2015. Any level of PLND (&gt;0 lymph nodes examined) was performed in 1,092 patients (64.2%). The median number of lymph nodes examined was 8 (interquartile range, 0–20) in T1, 0 (interquartile range, 0–11) in Ta, and 0 (interquartile range, 0–14) in Tia patients. Compared with non-PLND, any level of PLND improved OS in T1 but not in Ta or Tis patients. Compared to limited (1–9 lymph nodes examined) and non-PLND, extensive PLND (lymph nodes examined ≥10) resulted in better OS only in T1 patients (all p &lt; 0.001, adjusted significance level = 0.017). PLND was identified as a independent protective factor for OS.ConclusionBased on the SEER database, we found that PLND during RC led to better OS and extensive PLND was associated with better OS in T1 but not in Ta or Tis patients. The implementation of PLND was insufficient both in population proportions and scope.
Low paraspinal lean muscle mass is an independent predictor of adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty: A propensity score–matched case-control study
Authors: Cheng Yunzhong , Yang, Honghao , Hai Yong , Liu Yuzeng , Guan Li , Pan Aixing , Zhang Yaosheng 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between paraspinal lean muscle mass and adjacent vertebral compression fracture (AVCF) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).MethodsThe data of 272 patients who underwent two consecutive single-level PKP in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected. 42 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as AVCF group, and 42 propensity score-matched patients were selected as control group. There were 10 males and 32 females in each group; the ages were 75.55 ± 5.76 years and 75.60 ± 5.87 years, respectively. All patients underwent preoperative lumbar MRI. The total cross-sectional area (CSA), functional cross-sectional area (FCSA), cross-sectional area of vertebra index (CSA-VI), functional cross-sectional area of vertebra index (FCSA-VI) of the multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), psoas (PS), and paravertebral muscles (PVM) were measured. Other related parameters included preoperative bone mineral density (BMD), kyphotic angle (KA), anterior-to-posterior body height ratio (AP ratio), vertebral height restoration, and cement leakage into the disc. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find independent risk factors for AVCF using the parameters that were statistically significant in univariate analysis.ResultsAt L3 and L4 levels, the mean CSA, FCSA, and FCSA-VI of MF, ES, PVM and PS were significantly lower in the AVCF group. DeLong test indicated that the AUC of ES (0.806 vs. 0.900) and PVM (0.861 vs. 0.941) of FCSA-VI at L4 level were significantly greater than L3 level. In the AVCF group, patients had a significantly lower BMD (93.55 ± 14.99 HU vs. 106.31 ± 10.95 HU), a greater preoperative KA (16.02° ± 17.36° vs. 12.87° ± 6.58°), and a greater vertebral height restoration rate (20.4% ± 8.1% vs. 16.4% ± 10.0%, p = 0.026). Logistic regression analysis showed that PVM with lower FCSA-VI at L4 level (OR 0.830; 95% CI 0.760–0.906) and lower BMD (OR 0.928; 95% CI 0.891–0.966) were independent risk factors for AVCF after PKP.ConclusionsLow paraspinal lean muscle mass is an independent risk factor for AVCF after PKP. Surgeons should pay attention to evaluate the status of paraspinal muscle preoperatively. Postoperative reasonable nutrition, standardized anti-osteoporosis treatment, and back muscle exercise could reduce the incidence of AVCF.
A waterproof, low-cost dressing system reduces postoperative wound dressing changes in primary total hip arthroplasty: An efficacy study
Authors: Su Shilong , Wang Chenggong , Gao Fawei , Hu Yihe , Zhong Da , Lei Pengfei 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundsPostoperative wound complication is a major risk factor for the development of Periprosthetic joint infection. We innovatively invented a new dressing system to reduce the occurrence of postoperative wound complications and improve the quality of life of patients after total hip arthroplasty.MethodsA total of 120 patients who underwent primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. The data collected included the number of dressing changes, costs of the dressings, postoperative hospital stay, The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, The Harris Hip Score (HHS), ASEPSIS score, The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES), wound complications, the frequency of showers and satisfaction. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe average number of dressing changes was 0.74 ± 0.46, while the average postoperative hospital stay was 3.67 ± 0.97 days. The average cost of the new dressings throughout a treatment cycle was 57.42 ± 15.18 dollars. The VAS score decreased from 5.63 ± 1.09 before the operation to 0.88 ± 0.54 one month after the operation. The HHS score increased from 70.18 ± 7.84 before the operation to 80.36 ± 4.08 one month after the operation. The results of the four indexes of the ASEPSIS score were all 0. The SBSES score was 3.55 ± 0.61 at two weeks after the operation, and 4.38 ± 0.71 at one month after the operation. No wound complications were recorded until one month after the operation when the satisfaction rate was 92.53 ± 3.62%.ConclusionIn this study, we have invented a new dressing system for surgical wounds after total hip arthroplasty and confirmed its efficacy.Chinese Clinical Trial RegistryChiCTR2000033822, Registered 13/ June/2020
Dose-dependent consequences of sub-chronic fentanyl exposure on neuron and glial co-cultures
Authors: Lam Doris , Sebastian Aimy , Bogguri Chandrakumar , Hum Nicholas R. , Ladd Alexander , Cadena Jose , Valdez Carlos A. , Fischer Nicholas O. , Loots Gabriela G. , Enright Heather A. 
Published: August 2022

Fentanyl is one of the most common opioid analgesics administered to patients undergoing surgery or for chronic pain management. While the side effects of chronic fentanyl abuse are recognized (e.g., addiction, tolerance, impairment of cognitive functions, and inhibit nociception, arousal, and respiration), it remains poorly understood what and how changes in brain activity from chronic fentanyl use influences the respective behavioral outcome. Here, we examined the functional and molecular changes to cortical neural network activity following sub-chronic exposure to two fentanyl concentrations, a low (0.01 μM) and high (10 μM) dose. Primary rat co-cultures, containing cortical neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, were seeded in wells on either a 6-well multi-electrode array (MEA, for electrophysiology) or a 96-well tissue culture plate (for serial endpoint bulk RNA sequencing analysis). Once networks matured (at 28 days in vitro), co-cultures were treated with 0.01 or 10 μM of fentanyl for 4 days and monitored daily. Only high dose exposure to fentanyl resulted in a decline in features of spiking and bursting activity as early as 30 min post-exposure and sustained for 4 days in cultures. Transcriptomic analysis of the complex cultures after 4 days of fentanyl exposure revealed that both the low and high dose induced gene expression changes involved in synaptic transmission, inflammation, and organization of the extracellular matrix. Collectively, the findings of this in vitro study suggest that while neuroadaptive changes to neural network activity at a systems level was detected only at the high dose of fentanyl, transcriptomic changes were also detected at the low dose conditions, suggesting that fentanyl rapidly elicits changes in plasticity.
Progression of Vision in Chinese School-Aged Children Before and After COVID-19
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Peng Shuzhen , Zhang Faxue , Zhu Boya , Zhang Longjiang , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To investigate the changes of vision, including the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, poor vision, and the spherical equivalent refraction (SER), in school-aged children before and after the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A school-based vision screening study was performed on children in 133 primary schools in Wuhan. This study was conducted in 4 consecutive years (2018–2021).Results: A total of 468,094 children (936,188 eyes) were recruited, 255,863 (54.7%) were boys. The SER decreased in 2020 compared to other years after the age of 10. A positive myopia shift was found in younger children aged 6 (0.1 D), 7 (0.05D), and 8 (0.03 D) in 2020 compared to 2019. The progression of vision has improved slightly in 2021. Among the students included in the study, 33.7% were myopia.Conclusion: The vision of older children decreased significantly during the COVID-19. After the pandemic, there is still a high risk for them. In the future, the focus on vision prevention and control should move forward to preschool children.