bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of orogenic gold deposits by progressive movement of a fault-fracture mesh through the upper crustal brittle-ductile transition zone
Authors: Tavares Nassif Miguel , Monecke Thomas , Reynolds T. James , Kuiper Yvette D. , Goldfarb Richard J. , Piazolo Sandra , Lowers Heather A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrogenic gold deposits are comprised of complex quartz vein arrays that form as a result of fluid flow along transcrustal fault zones in active orogenic belts. Mineral precipitation in these deposits occurs under variable pressure conditions, but a mechanism explaining how the pressure regimes evolve through time has not previously been proposed. Here we show that extensional quartz veins at the Garrcon deposit in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Canada preserve petrographic characteristics suggesting that the three recognized paragenetic stages formed within different pressure regimes. The first stage involved the growth of interlocking quartz grains competing for space in fractures held open by hydrothermal fluids at supralithostatic pressures. Subsequent fluid flow at fluctuating pressure conditions caused recrystallization of the vein quartz and the precipitation of sulfide minerals through wall-rock sulfidation, with some of the sulfide minerals containing microscopic gold. These pressure fluctuations between supralithostatic to near-hydrostatic conditions resulted in the post-entrapment modification of the fluid inclusion inventory of the quartz. Late fluid flow occurred at near-hydrostatic conditions and resulted in the formation of fluid inclusions that have not been affected by post-entrapment modification as pressure conditions never returned to supralithostatic conditions. This late fluid flow is interpreted to have formed the texturally late, coarse native gold that occurs along quartz grain boundaries and in open spaces. The systematic evolution of the pressure regimes in orogenic gold deposits such as Garrcon can be explained by relative movement of fault-fracture meshes across the base of the upper crustal brittle-ductile transition zone. We conclude that early vein quartz in orogenic deposits is precipitated at near-lithostatic conditions whereas the paragenetically late gold is introduced at distinctly lower pressure.
Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hypothalamic vasopressin neurons with minimal exogenous signals and partial conversion to the naive state
Authors: Ozaki Hajime , Suga Hidetaka , Sakakibara Mayu , Soen Mika , Miyake Natsuki , Miwata Tsutomu , Taga Shiori , Nagai Takashi , Kano Mayuko , Mitsumoto Kazuki , Miyata Takashi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Sugiyama Mariko , Onoue Takeshi , Takagi Hiroshi , Hagiwara Daisuke , Iwama Shintaro , Banno Ryoichi , Iguchi Genzo , Takahashi Yutaka , Muguruma Keiko , Inoue Haruhisa , Arima Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFamilial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) is a degenerative disease of vasopressin (AVP) neurons. Studies in mouse in vivo models indicate that accumulation of mutant AVP prehormone is associated with FNDI pathology. However, studying human FNDI pathology in vivo is technically challenging. Therefore, an in vitro human model needs to be developed. When exogenous signals are minimized in the early phase of differentiation in vitro, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs)/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiate into AVP neurons, whereas human ESCs/iPSCs die. Human ESCs/iPSCs are generally more similar to mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) compared to mouse ESCs. In this study, we converted human FNDI-specific iPSCs by the naive conversion kit. Although the conversion was partial, we found improved cell survival under minimal exogenous signals and differentiation into rostral hypothalamic organoids. Overall, this method provides a simple and straightforward differentiation direction, which may improve the efficiency of hypothalamic differentiation.
Impact of body weight change on clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving pirfenidone
Authors: Kim Tae Hun , Shin Yune-Young , Kim Hyung-Jun , Song Myung Jin , Kim Yeon Wook , Lim Sung Yoon , Lee Yeon Joo , Park Jong Sun , Cho Young-Jae , Lee Jae Ho , Lee Choon-Taek , Kwon Byoung Soo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere have been limited studies on the association between prognosis and body weight change in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This single-center retrospective observational study evaluated the impact of weight loss on outcomes in Korean patients with IPF receiving pirfenidone at a tertiary medical institution. We analyzed 215 IPF patients prescribed pirfenidone from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019. The patients were categorized into maintained weight (MW; weight gain or loss < 5%/year) and reduced weight (RW; weight loss ≥ 5%/year) groups. The mean age was 71.8 years and 175 (81.4%) were male. There were 54 (25.1%) patients in the RW group. All patients showed a decrease in body weight (baseline vs. after 1 year; 64.1 kg vs. 62.8 kg, P < 0.001). Although baseline lung function showed a difference, there was no difference in the rate of change (forced vital capacity [% of predicted]; P = 0.221, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [% of predicted]; P = 0.973). The MW group had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (P < 0.001). Weight loss appeared to be a significant risk factor for mortality in patients with IPF. Not only disease control with antifibrotic agents, but also efforts to prevent weight loss may be necessary.
Clear-sky control of anvils in response to increased CO2 or surface warming or volcanic eruptions
Authors: Saint-Lu Marion , Bony Sandrine , Dufresne Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnvil clouds produced by deep convection cover extensive areas of the tropics, and their response to external perturbations matters for the Earth’s climate sensitivity. It has been suggested that variations in the height and spatial extent of these clouds can be understood from basic physical arguments related to the conservation of mass and energy in the clear-sky areas of the tropics. Based on satellite observations, meteorological reanalyses, and climate model simulations, we show that these arguments can be used to interpret the response of anvil cloud fraction to a range of perturbations in the current climate and under climate change. This includes the response to interannual and long-term surface temperature changes, to the direct effect of carbon dioxide, and the decrease of anvil cloud fraction after explosive volcanic eruptions. Therefore, the control of tropical anvils by clear-sky radiative cooling and static stability in the upper troposphere can explain a large diversity of the responses of anvil cloud fraction to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. These findings should also be considered when assessing the impacts of geo-engineering techniques.
The effect of COVID-19 on the home behaviours of people affected by dementia
Authors: Serban Alina-Irina , Soreq Eyal , Barnaghi Payam , Daniels Sarah , Calvo Rafael A. ,   CR&T Group, Sharp David J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the behaviour of most of the world’s population, particularly affecting the elderly, including people living with dementia (PLwD). Here we use remote home monitoring technology deployed into 31 homes of PLwD living in the UK to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on behaviour within the home, including social isolation. The home activity was monitored continuously using unobtrusive sensors for 498 days from 1 December 2019 to 12 April 2021. This period included six distinct pandemic phases with differing public health measures, including three periods of home ‘lockdown’. Linear mixed-effects modelling is used to examine changes in the home activity of PLwD who lived alone or with others. An algorithm is developed to quantify time spent outside the home. Increased home activity is observed from very early in the pandemic, with a significant decrease in the time spent outside produced by the first lockdown. The study demonstrates the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on home behaviours in PLwD and shows how unobtrusive home monitoring can be used to track behaviours relevant to social isolation.
Dirac synchronization is rhythmic and explosive
Authors: Calmon Lucille , Restrepo Juan G. , Torres Joaquín J. , Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopological signals defined on nodes, links and higher dimensional simplices define the dynamical state of a network or of a simplicial complex. As such, topological signals are attracting increasing attention in network theory, dynamical systems, signal processing and machine learning. Topological signals defined on the nodes are typically studied in network dynamics, while topological signals defined on links are much less explored. Here we investigate Dirac synchronization, describing locally coupled topological signals defined on the nodes and on the links of a network, and treated using the topological Dirac operator. The dynamics of signals defined on the nodes is affected by a phase lag depending on the dynamical state of nearby links and vice versa. We show that Dirac synchronization on a fully connected network is explosive with a hysteresis loop characterized by a discontinuous forward transition and a continuous backward transition. The analytical investigation of the phase diagram provides a theoretical understanding of this topological explosive synchronization. The model also displays an exotic coherent synchronized phase, also called rhythmic phase, characterized by non-stationary order parameters which can shed light on topological mechanisms for the emergence of brain rhythms.
Stress signaler p38 mitogen-activated kinase activation: a cause for concern?
Authors: Radnaa Enkhtuya , Richardson Lauren , Goldman Brett , Burks Jared K. , Baljinnyam Tuvshintugs , Vora Natasha , Zhang Hui-juan , Bonney Elizabeth A. , Han Arum , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) and cell fate from p38 signaling was tested using the human fetal membrane’s amnion epithelial cells (AEC). We created p38 KO AEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach and tested cell fate in response to OS on an AEC-free fetal membrane extracellular matrix (ECM). Screening using image CyTOF indicated OS causing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further testing revealed p38 deficiency prevented AEC senescence, EMT, cell migration, and inflammation. To functionally validate in vitro findings, fetal membrane-specific conditional KO (cKO) mice were developed by injecting Cre-recombinase encoded exosomes intra-amniotically into p38αloxP/loxP mice. Amnion membranes from p38 cKO mice had reduced senescence, EMT, and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared with WT animals. Our study suggested that overwhelming activation of p38 in response to OS inducing risk exposures can have an adverse impact on cells, cause cell invasion, inflammation, and ECM degradation detrimental to tissue homeostasis.
Evo-devo perspectives on cancer
Authors: Nedelcu Aurora M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The integration of evolutionary and developmental approaches into the field of evolutionary developmental biology has opened new areas of inquiry— from understanding the evolution of development and its underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms to addressing the role of development in evolution. For the last several decades, the terms ‘evolution’ and ‘development’ have been increasingly linked to cancer, in many different frameworks and contexts. This mini-review, as part of a special issue on Evolutionary Developmental Biology, discusses the main areas in cancer research that have been addressed through the lenses of both evolutionary and developmental biology, though not always fully or explicitly integrated in an evo-devo framework. First, it briefly introduces the current views on carcinogenesis that invoke evolutionary and/or developmental perspectives. Then, it discusses the main mechanisms proposed to have specifically evolved to suppress cancer during the evolution of multicellularity. Lastly, it considers whether the evolution of multicellularity and development was shaped by the threat of cancer (a cancer-evo-devo perspective), and/or whether the evolution of developmental programs and life history traits can shape cancer resistance/risk in various lineages (an evo-devo-cancer perspective). A proper evolutionary developmental framework for cancer, both as a disease and in terms of its natural history (in the context of the evolution of multicellularity and development as well as life history traits), could bridge the currently disparate evolutionary and developmental perspectives and uncover aspects that will provide new insights for cancer prevention and treatment.
Can changes in 3D genome architecture create new regulatory landscapes that contribute to phenotypic evolution?
Authors: Preger-Ben Noon Ella , Frankel Nicolás 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnimal genomes are compartmentalized into insulated regulatory units named topology-associated domains (TADs). TADs insulate gene promoters from enhancers that occupy neighboring TADs. Chromosomal rearrangements that disrupt TAD structure can generate new regulatory interactions between enhancers and promoters that were once separated into different TADs, which might lead to new gene expression patterns. On the one hand, TAD rearrangements are known to cause deleterious phenotypes, but, on the other hand, rearrangements can also create novel expression patterns that may be selected during evolution because they generate advantageous phenotypes. Here, we review recent studies that explore the effects of chromosomal rearrangements and genetic perturbations on TAD structure and gene regulation in the context of development and evolution. We discuss the possible contribution of evolutionary breakpoints (EBRs) that affect TAD structure to the evolution of gene regulation and the phenotype.
Auditory Comprehension Interventions for People With Aphasia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wallace Sarah E. , Patterson Janet , Purdy Mary , Knollman-Porter Kelly , Coppens Patrick 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
This scoping review examined studies reporting restorative treatments designed to improve auditory comprehension in people with aphasia.

Method:

We searched eight databases using keywords
aphasia, auditory comprehension, treatment, intervention,
and
rehabilitation,
for studies published between 1970 and 2020. Searches returned 170 records, and after applying exclusionary criteria, 28 articles remained. For each article, two authors independently extracted data on study design parameters, participant characteristics, treatment protocol, and treatment outcomes, including generalization.

Results:

Studies were categorized by treatment focus: direct auditory (
n
= 7), mixed auditory (
n
= 13), or indirect (
n
= 8). Study designs were group (
n
= 12), single-subject experimental design (
n
= 11), or case study (
n
= 5). Fifteen studies had a control condition and/or a control group. Thirteen studies included two to 10 participants. Aphasia severity and auditory comprehension severity were infrequently reported, and most participants were greater than 1-year poststroke. Treatment targets and tasks varied. Sessions ranged from 8 to 240 min, once or more per week, for eight to 60 total sessions over 2–20 weeks. Impairment-based outcome measures were typically used. Improvement and generalization were regularly reported; however, authors frequently did not report statistical significance.

Conclusions:
A variety of treatments have addressed auditory comprehension deficits in people with aphasia, with many reporting improvements in auditory comprehension for some people. However, the variability in treatment tasks and delivery and outcome measurements preclude confidently offering specific clinical recommendations for implementing auditory comprehension treatments. Gaps identified by the current study may guide the development and exploration of transparent, repeatable, patient-centered treatments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21291345
Cooperative braking of urban rail vehicles with Koopman model predictive control
Authors: Gao Dianzhu , Peng Jun , Peng Hui , Chen Bin , Huang Zhiwu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBraking control of urban rail vehicles with multiple carriages is critical to ensure the safe operation of urban rails. However, existing decentralized braking control methods lead to the inconsistent speed and excessive coupler force among carriages, which compromises the operation safety of urban rails. To address this issue, a cooperative braking strategy is proposed for urban rail vehicles based on Koopman model predictive control method. First, a cyber‐physical model is established, where the physical layer characterizes the dynamic model of multiple carriages using the Koopman operator. The cyber layer represents the communication topology of carriages with graph theory. Second, a cooperative braking controller is designed with the distributed model predictive control method. An optimisation problem is formulated to minimize the speed inconsistency and relative displacement difference among carriages. Third, extensive simulations under various scenarios, including normal and extreme operating conditions, are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that, compared with the classical decentralized method, the proposed braking method reduces the average relative displacement by 78% while reducing the speed error by 29%.
Design of locally enhanced electric field in dielectric loaded rectangular resonator for quantum microwave measurements
Authors: Wu Bo , Lin Yi , Liao Dunwei , Liu Yi , An Qiang , Fu Yunqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRydberg‐atom electrometers have the remarkable advantages of self‐calibration and high sensitivity. Based on the classical electromagnetic theory, a localized electric field enhancement structure of a hybrid rectangular resonator (RR) is proposed to improve the sensitivity of quantum microwave measurement. It should be noted that the prototype of the hybrid RR is fabricated and measured at 9.925 GHz. The results of full‐wave simulations show that the uniform and high electric field enhancement in the TE101 fundamental mode is realized. The transient process of resonance is simultaneously simulated, and the time to settle steady state is given as about 104 ns. As indicated through experimental results that the structure can reach 24 dB (enhancement factor of 15.8). As a result, the method proposed in this study, based on atomic measurement capabilities, enables us to improve the measurement sensitivity further and promotes the practical development of quantum microwave measurement technology.
Construction of detailed energy function of double‐fed induction generator for small signal stability analysis of power systems with a high penetration of double‐fed induction generator
Authors: Liu Cheng , Diao Shuo , Cai Guowei , Zhang Yuchi , Yu Fangtong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe integration of high proportion renewable energy not only brings many benefits, but also increases the difficulty of power system stability analysis. One of the reasons for this problem is the unclear internal characteristics of new energy equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more detailed analysis of the characteristics of new energy equipment. Taking a double‐fed induction generator (DFIG), which has complex operation characteristics and is widely used, as an example, a detailed energy function (DEF) of DFIG for small signal stability analysis is proposed in this paper. This method performs DFIG's internal energy analysis, making the traditional energy structure more comprehensive. On this basis, the internal parameters of DFIG with high sensitivity to stability are obtained, and the damping evaluation index is constructed to evaluate the damping of DFIG. Finally, the proposed model's correctness and method are verified in the 4‐generator 2‐area system.
Recording cutaneous silent period parameters in hereditary and acquired neuropathies
Authors: Neves Eduardo Luis de A. , Silva José Rodrigo S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Cutaneous silent period (CSP) is the interruption in muscle activity after painful stimulation of a sensory nerve.
Objective The aim of the present study is to assess CSP changes in patients with polyneuropathy (PNP).
Methods The present study was carried out to assess CSP in individuals with diabetes (DM) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. The sample comprised 24 individuals with DM, 10 individuals with CMT1 disease, and 10 individuals with CMT2 disease. The control group (CG) consisted of 59 individuals.
Results The mean latencies recorded for the upper limbs in the CG were 79.2 milliseconds (onset latency), 69.3 milliseconds (50% reduction latency), 112.2 milliseconds (end latency), and 33.1 milliseconds (CSP duration). On the other hand, the mean latencies recorded for the lower limbs were 99.0 milliseconds (onset latency), 85.0 milliseconds (50% reduction latency), 136.9 milliseconds (end latency), and 38.2 milliseconds (CSP duration). The mean latencies recorded for the CG were significantly lower than the ones recorded for other groups, both in the upper and lower limbs.
Conclusions Cutaneous silent period values recorded for the CG in the present study were close to the ones reported in studies available in the literature. Abnormal CSP parameters were observed in the group of individuals with PNP. The end latency in the lower limbs helped differentiating the demyelinating subgroup from the axonal one.
Predictors of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism or Arterial Thrombotic Events during and after Anticoagulation for a First Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Noumegni Steve Raoul , Tromeur Cécile , Hoffmann Clément , Mao Raphael Le , Moigne Emmanuelle Le , Moreuil Claire de , Mansourati Vincent , Nasr Bahaa , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Guegan Marie , Poulhazan Elise , Bressollette Luc , Lacut Karine , Didier Romain , Couturaud Francis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter first episodes of venous thromboembolism (VTE), patients are at increased risk of recurrent VTE and arterial thrombotic events (ATE) compared with the general population, two disorders that are influenced by anticoagulation. However, risk factors of these conditions occurring during and after anticoagulation are little described. Using cause-specific hazard regression models, we aimed to determine risk factors of the composite outcome recurrent VTE/ATE, and separately recurrent VTE or ATE, during and after anticoagulation in patients with first episodes of VTE from a prospective cohort. Hazard ratios (HRs) are given with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 2,011 patients treated for at least 3 months were included. A total of 647 patients had recurrent VTE/ATE (incidence: 4.69% per patient-years) during overall follow-up (median: 92 months). Of these events, 173 occurred during anticoagulation (incidence: 3.67% per patient-years). Among patients free of events at the end of anticoagulation, 801 had a post-anticoagulation follow-up ≥3 months; and 95 had recurrent VTE/ATE (incidence: 1.27% per patient-years). After adjustment for confounders, cancer-associated VTE (HR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.70–4.11) and unprovoked VTE (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.35–2.81) were the identified risk factors of recurrent VTE/ATE during anticoagulation (vs. transient risk factor–related VTE). Risk factors of recurrent VTE/ATE after anticoagulation included 50 to 65 years of age (vs. < 50, HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.04–3.81), older than 65 years (vs. < 50, HR: 5.28, 95% CI: 3.03–9.21), and unprovoked VTE (vs. transient risk factor–related VTE, HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.27–3.34). Cancer-associated VTE and unprovoked VTE are the main risk factors of recurrent VTE/ATE during anticoagulation, while older age and unprovoked VTE mainly predict the risk of these events after anticoagulation.