bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbance‐mediated invasions are dependent on community resource abundance
Authors: Lear Luke , Padfield Daniel , Inamine Hidetoshi , Shea Katriona , Buckling Angus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDisturbances can facilitate biological invasions, with the associated increase in resource availability being a proposed cause. Here, we experimentally tested the interactive effects of disturbance regime (different frequencies of biomass removal at equal intensities) and resource abundance on invasion success using a factorial design containing five disturbance frequencies and three resource levels. We invaded populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens with two ecologically different invader morphotypes: a fast‐growing “colonizer” type and a slower growing “competitor” type. As resident populations were altered by the treatments, we additionally tested their effect on invader success. Disturbance frequency and resource abundance interacted to affect the success of both invaders, but this interaction differed between the invader types. The success of the colonizer type was positively affected by disturbance under high resources but negatively under low. However, disturbance negatively affected the success of the competitor type under high resource abundance but not under low or medium. Resident population changes did not alter invader success beyond direct treatment effects. We therefore demonstrate that the same disturbance regime can either be beneficial or detrimental for an invader depending on both community resource abundance and its life history. These results may help to explain some of the inconsistencies found in the disturbance‐invasion literature.
Iron(III)‐Mediated Nucleophilic Halogenation of Phenols Using an Amido Directing Group
Authors: Yuan Ye , Guo Dou , Liu Yibo , Wan Congcong , Lu Dongbiao , Yang Hongxiang , Lu Yufan , Meng Wei , Wang Hongling , Zhang Xiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA regioselective and nucleophilic halogenation of electron‐rich amidophenols was realized in the presence of Fe(III) reagents and amido‐directing groups. Halides could be sequentially introduced to specific positions to form mono‐, di‐ and mixed di‐ halogenated amidophenols. Furthermore, this protocol provides new methods for the syntheses of IKK2 inhibitor (IMD‐0354), muscle relaxant (Chlorzoxazone) and related derivatives.
Correlation analysis of mechanical and state characteristics of diesel engine exhaust particles
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhang Libin , Wang Zhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAiming at the influence of diesel engine exhaust particle mechanical characteristics on the state characteristics, studies were carried out using atomic force microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and x‐ray small‐angle scattering. The variation rules of cluster‐particle interaction force and state characteristic parameters such as particle morphology and spatial structure were discussed. According to the principle of normalization, the relationship between the mechanical and state characteristics of the particles is analyzed. The results show that as the particle size increases in the exhaust process, the attractive force Fat, adhesion Fad, and adhesion energy Wad increase between the particles, Fat from 1.27 to 1.58 nN, Fad from 3.75 to 4.38 nN, Wad from 2.17 × 10−16 to 2.44 × 10−16 J. The particles are gradually agglomerated, and the cluster size is increased, indicating a certain relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the particles and the morphology. Along the exhaust direction, the particle equivalent diameter increases, and the mechanical characteristics are enhanced, while the organic matter and moisture in the exhaust are continuously adsorbed, aggravating the aggregation and shrinkage between the particles. The scattering characteristic parameters qminand qTdecrease, qminfrom 0.34 to 0.28 and qTfrom 0.72 to 0.63, the pore structure parameters decrease, the pore number concentration decreases, the peak pore size changes from 7–9 nm to 5–6 nm, the agglomerate particle structure defects decrease and the density is increased, indicating that there is a certain relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the particles and the spatial structure.
The role of interoception in the overlap between eating disorders and autism: Methodological considerations
Authors: Adams Kiera Louise , Murphy Jennifer , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSignificant comorbidity has been demonstrated between feeding and eating disorders and autism. Atypical interoception (perception of bodily signals) may, at least in part, be responsible for this association, as it has been implicated in the aetiology of both conditions. However, significant methodological limitations are impeding progress in this area. This paper provides a brief overview of how interoception has been linked to autism and feeding and eating disorders in both adolescent and adult populations before identifying several issues with current measures of interoception. We suggest that methodological issues may be contributing to the inconsistency in the empirical literature, and provide suggestions for future research.
Simultaneous minimization of side‐band power and PAPR in OFDM based cognitive radio without additional bandwidth requirement for sending SI
Authors: Namitha A. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) incorporating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an intelligent spectrum sharing technique that acquires high data rate in frequency selective fading environment. OFDM has been successfully used for 4G and specific version of OFDM is being considered as the multiple access technology for 5G as well. However OFDM signal is more likely to have high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Similarly, the sideband power of secondary or temporary users (SU) in CR can lead to interference to the licensed or primary users of the neighboring bands. In this work, an improved technique for the joint minimization of sideband power and PAPR using Zadoff‐Chu (ZC) sequence is proposed for CR based on OFDM technology. Furthermore, we propose a detection algorithm based on a binary hypothesis testing problem to recover the chosen ZC sequence at the receiver side eliminating the requirement of side information (SI) transmission. Simulation studies of the proposed method exhibits the efficiency of the concurrent reduction of PAPR and sideband power along with a huge bandwidth saving by the omission of the SI transmission.
Landmark‐guided region‐based spatial normalization for functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: He Hengda , Razlighi Qolamreza R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the size of the neuroimaging cohorts being increased to address key questions in the field of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, the accuracy of the spatial normalization as an essential preprocessing step becomes extremely important. Existing spatial normalization methods have poor accuracy particularly when dealing with the highly convoluted human cerebral cortex and when brain morphology is severely altered (e.g., aging populations). To address this shortcoming, we propose a novel spatial normalization technique that takes advantage of the existing surface‐based human brain parcellation to automatically identify and match regional landmarks. To simplify the nonlinear whole brain registration, the identified landmarks of each region and its counterpart are registered independently with topology‐preserving deformation. Next, the regional warping fields are combined by an inverse distance weighted interpolation technique to have a global warping field for the whole brain. To ensure that the final warping field is topology‐preserving, we used simultaneously forward and reverse maps with certain symmetric constraints to yield bijectivity. We have evaluated our proposed solution using both simulated and real (structural and functional) human brain images. Our evaluation shows that our solution can enhance structural correspondence compared to the existing methods. Such improvement also increases the sensitivity and specificity of the functional imaging studies, reducing the required number of subjects and subsequent study costs. We conclude that our proposed solution can effectively substitute existing substandard spatial normalization methods to deal with the demand of large cohorts which is now common in clinical and aging studies.
Altered myelination in youth born with congenital heart disease
Authors: Easson Kaitlyn , Gilbert Guillaume , Rohlicek Charles V. , Saint‐Martin Christine , Descoteaux Maxime , Deoni Sean C. L. , Brossard‐Racine Marie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrain injury and dysmaturation is common in fetuses and neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and is hypothesized to result in persistent myelination deficits. This study aimed to quantify and compare myelin content in vivo between youth born with CHD and healthy controls. Youth aged 16 to 24 years born with CHD and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging including multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT). Average myelin water fraction (MWF) values for 33 white matter tracts, as well as a summary measure of average white matter MWF, the White Matter Myelination Index, were calculated and compared between groups. Tract‐average MWF was lower throughout the corpus callosum and in many bilateral association tracts and left hemispheric projection tracts in youth with CHD (N = 44) as compared to controls (N = 45). The White Matter Myelination Index was also lower in the CHD group. As such, this study provides specific evidence of widespread myelination deficits in youth with CHD, likely representing a long‐lasting consequence of early‐life brain dysmaturation in this population. This deficient myelination may underlie the frequent neurodevelopmental impairments experienced by CHD survivors and could eventually serve as a biomarker of neuropsychological function.
Digital Engineering Measures: Research and Guidance
Authors: McDermott Tom , Henderson Kaitlin , Salado Alejandro , Bradley Joseph 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTDigital Engineering and Model‐Based Engineering continue to grow in adoption across the systems engineering community. However, programs and enterprises still struggle to quantify the value of this digital transformation. Research conducted by the Systems Engineering Research Center in collaboration with a government/industry Digital Engineering Measures Working Group is creating the first formal measurement framework for this transformation. This article describes the research, formation of a causal measurement model, and initial specification of candidate measures.
Smartness in engineering: Beliefs of undergraduate engineering students
Authors: Dringenberg Emily , Kramer Amy , Betz Amy R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundModern engineering culture is rooted in assumptions of intellectual superiority. Scholars have demonstrated that smartness functions as an oppressive cultural practice in educational settings. However, the shared ways in which undergraduate engineering students understand what it means to be smart remain largely implicit and unexamined.Purpose/HypothesisWe investigated the beliefs held by students about what it means to be smart and the role of smartness in their undergraduate education.Design/MethodWe conducted one‐on‐one, semi‐structured interviews with 20 students at a predominately White institution. Our team utilized open, descriptive coding to iteratively condense our data into categories, codes, and subcodes, followed by analysis to identify and characterize the participants' commonly held beliefs.ResultsStudents believed that being smart is working efficiently or maximizing outcomes while minimizing effort. Determining smartness as efficiency included social comparison and assumptions about effort, which introduced ambiguity into students' judgments of smartness. The resulting social hierarchy (relative positioning as smart) was commonly believed to enable or restrict access to necessary resources.ConclusionsStudents' belief that smartness is an individual capacity to work more efficiently than others obfuscates the reality of smartness as a cultural practice that is baked into our systems and perpetuates inequity. Without action to reveal and disrupt smartness as a structural and oppressive practice, the status quo of inequitable participation in engineering will persist.
The Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework Financial and Nutrient Reduction Tool: A planning tool for cost effective conservation
Authors: Bravard Emma E. , Zimmerman Emily , Tyndall John C. , James David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have developed an add‐on tool for use with the Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework (ACPF) that features a multistate financial analysis and field‐scale nitrogen (N) reduction tool for use when analyzing different ACPF conservation scenarios. Financial and expected field‐scale N loss data are used to calculate total long‐term cost and cost effectiveness of various conservation plans. Unique to the ACPF Financial and Nutrient Reduction Tool is the ability to identify individual treatment areas for each practice evaluated, allowing users to create combinatorial conservation planning scenarios drawing from multiple ACPF‐identified conservation practices. Financial data account for direct long‐term annualized costs for best management practice (BMP) installation and management in Iowa and Minnesota. Opportunity costs of BMPs that retire cropland are spatially determined according to weighted‐average crop productivity indices and land rent relationships. The tool quantifies the N requirements for each field, based on 6‐yr land‐use data, and evaluates the proportion of N likely to be lost from the field as nitrate load via leaching. Financial analyses that can be accomplished by using the ACPF are illustrated in case study watershed scenarios in Iowa and Minnesota. In Iowa, featured scenarios range from 26 to 31% reduction in total nitrate, for a total cost between US$0.580 million and $2.3 million per year, respectively. In Minnesota, example scenarios range from 28 to 51% total nitrate reduction, for total costs of $1.7 million to $2.1 million per year. Tradeoffs in BMP selection related to N reduction outcome and cost are also demonstrated.
Extended criteria donors for robotic right hepatectomy: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Varghese Christi Titus , Chandran Biju , Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Nair Krishnanunni , Mallick Shweta , Mathew Johns Shaji , Sivasankara Pillai Thankamony Amma Binoj , Balakrishnan Dinesh , Othiyil Vayoth Sudheer , Sudhindran Surendran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRobotic right donor hepatectomy (RDH) has been reported from experienced centers with reduced morbidity when compared to open RDH. However, outcomes in donors with large grafts/complex biliovascular anatomy are unknown.MethodsOut of 170 robotic RDH, 100 had one or more of the following: graft weight ≥800 g, type 2/3 portal vein, >1 bile duct or hepatic artery and inferior hepatic veins >5 mm requiring reconstruction (extended criteria donors [ExRDH]), while the remaining 70 had standard anatomy (SRDH). After propensity score matching, 66 ExRDH were compared with 66 SRDH. Additionally, all robotic RDH performed were analyzed in three temporal phases (60, 60, and 50).ResultsPeak AST and ALT were higher amongst donors and recipients in the ExRDH arm compared to SRDH. Other intraoperative parameters and postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. During the last phase, donors demonstrated reduction in duration of surgery, postoperative complications, and hospital stay while recipients showed decreased blood loss and hospital stay.ConclusionRobotic right hepatectomy performed in donors with extended criteria have similar perioperative outcomes as standard donors. However, a significant learning curve needs to be traversed. Further studies are required before safely recommending robotic RDH for all donors.
Micro‐CT guided illustration of the head anatomy of penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes: Spheniscidae)
Authors: Hadden Peter W. , Ober William C. , Gerneke Dane A. , Thomas Daniel , Scadeng Miriam , McGhee Charles N. J. , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe illustration is an important tool to aid in the description and understanding of anatomy, and penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes: Spheniscidae) are an important clade in environmental monitoring, paleontology, and other research fields. Traditionally, anatomic illustration has been informed by dissection. More recently, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) has proven to be a powerful tool for three‐dimensional anatomic imaging, although larger specimens are more challenging to image due to increased X‐ray attenuation. Here, we used traditional dissection and micro‐CT to illustrate the skulls of Aptenodytes patagonicus, Eudyptula minor, and Pygoscelis papua, and the extracranial soft tissue of E. minor. Micro‐CT prevented the loss of orientation, disarticulation, and distortion of bones that might result from cleaning and drying skulls, while immobilization was achieved by freezing the specimens before imaging. All bony elements in the head were accurately depicted. Fixing, dehydrating, and diffusion staining with iodine (diceCT) enabled the identification of muscles and other large nonmineralized structures, but specimen preparation precluded the ability to show smaller nerves and vessels. The results presented here provide a guide for anatomic studies of penguins and our summary of sample preparation and imaging techniques are applicable for studies of other similarly sized biological specimens.
Assessing nonsexual transmission of the human papillomavirus (HPV): Do our current cleaning methods work?
Authors: Tucker Jacqueline , Milici Janice , Alam Samina , Ferster Ashley P. O'Connell , Goldenberg David , Meyers Craig , Goyal Neerav 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is thought to be sexually transmitted; however, there have been a few studies investigating a possible iatrogenic source of infection. Therefore, it is important to assess the cleaning methods of reusable medical devices. This study assessed whether cleaning methods of flexible endoscopes in an otolaryngology clinic are effective against HPV. There were 24 patients with a history of head and neck cancer in the study; however, two outliers were excluded. Nine patients were confirmed to have HPV‐associated cancer. PCR was used to measure and quantify the viral genomes of samples collected before and after cleaning. After cleaning, few HPV+ samples had endoscopes with less DNA than before cleaning. Additionally, for several patients with non‐HPV‐associated head and neck cancer, PCR showed more DNA after cleaning than before cleaning, suggesting residual HPV DNA within the cleaning solution. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between pre‐ and post‐cleaning in both cohorts. Current cleaning methods of reusable endoscopes may not be effective in completely removing viral DNA.
Effects of COVID‐19 on mastectomy and breast reconstruction rates: A national surgical sample
Authors: Rubenstein Robyn N. , Stern Carrie S. , Plotsker Ethan L. , Haglich Kathryn , Tadros Audree B. , Mehrara Babak J. , Matros Evan , Nelson Jonas A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic profoundly impacted breast cancer treatment in 2020. Guidelines initially halted elective procedures, subsequently encouraging less invasive surgeries and restricting breast reconstruction options. We examined the effects of COVID‐19 on oncologic breast surgery and reconstruction rates during the first year of the pandemic.MethodsUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we performed an observational examination of female surgical breast cancer patients from 2017 to 2020. We analyzed annual rates of lumpectomy, mastectomy (unilateral/contralateral prophylactic/bilateral prophylactic), and breast reconstruction (alloplastic/autologous) and compared 2019 and 2020 reconstruction cohorts to evaluate the effect of COVID‐19.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2020, 175 949 patients underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy with or without reconstruction. From 2019 to 2020, patient volume declined by 10.7%, unilateral mastectomy rates increased (70.5% to 71.9%, p = 0.003), and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy rates decreased. While overall reconstruction rates were unchanged, tissue expander reconstruction increased (64.0% to 68.4%, p < 0.001) and direct‐to‐implant and autologous reconstruction decreased. Outpatient alloplastic reconstruction increased (65.7% to 73.8%, p < 0.0001), and length of hospital stay decreased for all reconstruction patients (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn 2020, there was a nearly 11% decline in breast cancer surgeries, comparable mastectomy and reconstruction rates, increased use of outpatient alloplastic reconstruction, and significantly reduced in‐hospital time across all reconstruction types.
Zeolite/Chitosan/Gelatin Films: Preparation, Supercritical CO2 Processing, Characterization, and Bioactivity
Authors: Pajnik Jelena , Dikić Jelena , Milovanovic Stoja , Milosevic Milena , Jevtic Sanja , Lukić Ivana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChitosan/gelatin and chitosan/gelatin/zeolite films prepared by solvent casting method are impregnated with a mixture of thymol and carvacrol using a green solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide at 35 °C and 30 MPa, during 18 h. Proposed method enables preparation of biocompatible and biodegradable blends with strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity, whereby amounts of loaded thymol/carvacrol (TC) mixture are in the range from 3.3% to 6%. After initial burst release, both types of films exhibit gradual release of bioactive compounds, with around 72% and 96% of impregnated TC mixture released in water and phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) during tested period of 10 days, respectively. Results of water vapor transmission rate (>76 g m−2 day−1) confirm that prepared composites are suitable for wound dressing application. Thermal analysis shows superior properties of prepared TC loaded films compared to control samples. In addition, mechanical and structural properties, as well as solubility and swelling behavior of the obtained films are investigated in detail.