bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavor probes of axion-like particles
Authors: Bauer Martin , Neubert Matthias , Renner Sophie , Schnubel Marvin , Thamm Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated low-energy relics of high-energy extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We investigate the phenomenology of an ALP with flavor-changing couplings, and present a comprehensive analysis of quark and lepton flavor-changing observables within a general ALP effective field theory. Observables studied include rare meson decays, flavor oscillations of neutral mesons, rare lepton decays, and dipole moments. We derive bounds on the general ALP couplings as a function of its mass, consistently taking into account the ALP lifetime and branching ratios. We further calculate quark flavor-changing effects that are unavoidably induced by running and matching between the new physics scale and the scale of the measurements. This allows us to derive bounds on benchmark ALP models in which only a single (flavorless or flavor-universal) ALP coupling to SM particles is present at the new physics scale, and in this context we highlight the complementarity and competitiveness of flavor bounds with constraints derived from collider, beam dump and astrophysical measurements. We find that searches for ALPs produced in meson decays provide some of the strongest constraints in the MeV-GeV mass range, even for the most flavorless of ALP models. Likewise, we discuss the interplay of flavor-conserving and flavor-violating couplings of the ALP to leptons, finding that constraints from lepton flavor-violating observables generally depend strongly on both. Additionally, we analyze whether an ALP can provide an explanation for various experimental anomalies including those observed in rare B-meson decays, measurements at the ATOMKI and KTeV experiments, and in the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon and the electron.
Measuring the anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the W+W− → W+W− process at muon collider using artificial neural networks
Authors: Yang Ji-Chong , Han Xue-Ying , Qin Zhi-Bin , Li Tong , Guo Yu-Chen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The muon collider provides a unique opportunity to study the vector boson scattering processes and dimension-8 operators contributing to anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs). Because of the cleaner final state, it is easier to decode subprocess and certain operator couplings at a muon collider. We attempt to identify the anomalous WWWW coupling in the exclusive WW → WW scattering in this paper. Since one aQGC can be induced by multiple dimension-8 operators, the study of one coupling can help to confine different operators. Meanwhile, singling out the WW → WW process can help to study the unitarity bounds. The vector boson scattering process corresponding to the anomalous WWWW coupling is μ+μ− → $$ \nu \nu \overline{\nu}\overline{\nu } $$
νν

ν
¯

ν
¯

ℓ+ℓ−, with four (anti-)neutrinos in the final state, which brings troubles in phenomenological studies. In this paper, the machine learning method is used to tackle this problem. We find that, the artificial neural network is helpful to extract the W+W− → W+W− contribution, and reconstruct the center of mass energy of the subprocess which is important in the study of the Standard Model effective field theory. The sensitivities and the expected constraints on the dimension-8 operators at the muon collider with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 30 TeV are presented. We demonstrate that the artificial neural networks exhibit great potential in the phenomenological study of processes with multiple neutrinos in the final state.
On Wendel’s equality for intersections of balls
Authors: Fodor Ferenc , Pinzón Nicolás A. Montenegro , Vígh Viktor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the analogue of Wendel’s equality in random polytope models in which the hull of the random points is formed by intersections of congruent balls, called the spindle (or hyper-) convex hull. According to the classical identity of Wendel the probability that the origin is contained in the (linear) convex hull of n i.i.d. random points distributed according to an origin symmetric probability distribution in the d-dimensional Euclidean space $$\mathbb {R}^{d}$$

R

d

that assigns measure zero to hyperplanes is a constant depending only on n and d. While in the classical convex case one gets nonzero probabilities only for $$n\ge d+1$$

n
≥
d
+
1

points in $$\mathbb {R}^{d}$$

R

d

, for the spindle convex hull this happens for all $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

. We study this question for the uniform and normally distributed random models.
Combinatorial properties and dependent choice in symmetric extensions based on Lévy collapse
Authors: Banerjee Amitayu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe work with symmetric extensions based on Lévy collapse and extend a few results of Apter, Cody, and Koepke. We prove a conjecture of Dimitriou from her Ph.D. thesis. We also observe that if V is a model of $$\textsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
, then $$\textsf {DC}_{<\kappa }$$

DC

<
κ

can be preserved in the symmetric extension of V in terms of symmetric system $$\langle {\mathbb {P}},{\mathcal {G}},{\mathcal {F}}\rangle $$

⟨
P
,
G
,
F
⟩

, if $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
is $$\kappa $$
κ
-distributive and $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
is $$\kappa $$
κ
-complete. Further we observe that if $$\delta <\kappa $$

δ
<
κ

and V is a model of $$\textsf {ZF}+\textsf {DC}_{\delta }$$

ZF
+

DC
δ

, then $$\textsf {DC}_{\delta }$$

DC
δ

can be preserved in the symmetric extension of V in terms of symmetric system $$\langle {\mathbb {P}},{\mathcal {G}},{\mathcal {F}}\rangle $$

⟨
P
,
G
,
F
⟩

, if $${\mathbb {P}}$$
P
is ($$\delta +1$$

δ
+
1

)-strategically closed and $${\mathcal {F}}$$
F
is $$\kappa $$
κ
-complete.
Influence of dimension, building position, and orientation on mechanical properties of EBM lattice Ti6Al4V trusses
Authors: Sepe Raffaele , De Luca Alessandro , Giannella Venanzio , Borrelli Rosario , Franchitti Stefania , Di Caprio Francesco , Caputo Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing technologies significantly encouraged the development and usage of lattice structures. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the influence of dimension, building position, and orientation on the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V trusses, manufactured by electron beam melting process, to be used in lattice cells. Specimens were manufactured considering the following parameters: truss diameter (1, 1.5, 2 mm), growth orientation (0°, 45°, 90°), and specimen position inside the building chamber. Trusses with diameter of 1 mm showed inconsistent mechanical properties caused by the poor manufacturing quality. Specimen position was found to influence the analyzed mechanical properties. Unmelted powders were observed to affect the outer surfaces of all specimens and the whole cross-sections of specimens manufactured at 0°. Specimens manufactured at 45° with diameter of 2 mm demonstrated the best performances, whereas specimens manufactured at 90° with diameter of 2 mm displayed the highest elongation at fracture.
ICT, technological diffusion and economic growth in Chinese cities
Authors: Li Qing , Wu Yanrui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study uses a rich city-level dataset to analyse the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and economic growth in Chinese cities during 2001–2016. It is shown that ICT not only improves the aggregate efficiency of a city but also helps the city absorb technological diffusion from the frontier city. In addition, distance plays little role in technological diffusion process associated with ICT. Cities geographically farther away from or closer to the frontier city can equally benefit from technological diffusion as long as they have the same level of ICT development.
Maximal regularity of the heat evolution equation on spatial local spaces and application to a singular limit problem of the Keller–Segel system
Authors: Ogawa Takayoshi , Suguro Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the singular limit problem for the Cauchy problem of the (Patlak–) Keller–Segel system of parabolic-parabolic type. The problem is considered in the uniformly local Lebesgue spaces and the singular limit problem as the relaxation parameter $$\tau $$
τ
goes to infinity, the solution to the Keller–Segel equation converges to a solution to the drift-diffusion system in the strong uniformly local topology. For the proof, we follow the former result due to Kurokiba–Ogawa [20–22] and we establish maximal regularity for the heat equation over the uniformly local Lebesgue and Morrey spaces which are non-UMD Banach spaces and apply it for the strong convergence of the singular limit problem in the scaling critical local spaces.
BREMi—A New Tool for the Evaluation of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Management Effectiveness: Case-study in the Arab Man and Biosphere (ArabMAB) Regional Network
Authors: MATAR Diane A. , ANTHONY Brandon P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScholars and practitioners have been striving to develop straightforward and effective tools to measure protected area management effectiveness (PAME). UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BR), with their unique functional and zonation schemes are monitored according to their compulsory 10-year Periodic Review (PR), which is useful for UNESCO’s evaluation purposes but lacks comprehensiveness and utility for adaptive management. Based on existing PAME methodologies, we develop and propose the first quantitative tool for the evaluation of BR management effectiveness, that would enhance and complement the currently used qualitative PR report, and serve the rapid evaluation needed for BR managers to monitor, evaluate, and adapt their management approach to achieve the three functions of BRs. The tool consists of 65 indicators, embodied within the 6 elements of the World Commission on Protected Areas Framework. We then tested this tool, named Biosphere Reserve Effectiveness of Management index (BREMi) to evaluate management effectiveness across the Arab Man and the Biosphere Reserve network involving 17 BRs spanning 8 countries of the Middle East and North Africa. BREMi scores ranged from 4.43 to 8.65 (on a scale between 0 and 10), with a mean of 6.31 ± 1.040. All indicators were considered valuable measures of progress by our respondents, as well as by independent experts. We discuss our findings in light of available literature concerning the Arab region and through the conceptual frames of adaptive management and resilience. Finally, we discuss where the BREMi tool would be most useful for BR management authorities in the iterative process of evaluation and adaptive management.
Genome Characteristic of Bordetella parapertussis Isolated from Iran
Authors: Safarchi Azadeh , Saedi Samaneh , Tay Chin Yen , Lamichhane Binit , Nakhost Lotfi Masoumeh , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPertussis also known as whooping cough is a respiratory infection in humans particularly with severe symptoms in infants and usually caused by Bordetella pertussis. However, Bordetella parapertussis can also cause a similar clinical syndrome. During 2012 to 2015, from nasal swabs sent from different provinces to the pertussis reference laboratory of Pasture Institute of Iran for pertussis confirmation, seven B. parapertussis isolates were identified by bacterial culture, biochemical tests, and the presence of IS1001 insertion in the genome. The expression of pertactin (Prn) as one the major virulence factor for bacterial adhesion was investigated using western blot. Moreover, the genomic characteristic of one recently collected isolate, IRBP134, from a seven-month infant was investigated using Illumina NextSeq sequencing protocol. The results revealed the genome with G+C content 65% and genome size 4.7 Mbp. A total of 81 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 13 short insertions and deletions were found in the genome compared to the B. parapertussis 12822 as a reference genome showing ongoing evolutionary changes. A phylogeny relationship of IRBP134 was also investigated using global B. parapertussis available genomes.
Using a new local high resolution daily gridded dataset for Attica to statistically downscale climate projections
Authors: Varotsos Konstantinos V. , Dandou Aggeliki , Papangelis Giorgos , Roukounakis Nikos , Kitsara Gianna , Tombrou Maria , Giannakopoulos Christos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study we present a methodological framework to obtain statistically downscaled high resolution climate projections over the Attica region in Greece. The framework relies on the construction of a local daily gridded dataset for temperature variables (maximum, minimum and mean daily temperatures) and daily precipitation sums. To this aim, a mosaic of data that includes observations derived from ground stations and a high resolution simulation, performed by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, for 1 year (1995) are blended using various gridding techniques to produce a 1 km 1 km high resolution daily gridded dataset for the period 1981–2000. The comparison of the gridded dataset against the observations reveals that the produced dataset maintains the observed long term statistical properties over the period 1981–2000 for both temperature and precipitation variables. Consequently, the produced dataset is used to statistically downscale Regional Climate Model simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the present (1981–2000) and the future climate (2081–2100) under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 climate scenario using two different bias adjustment techniques. The results indicate that the selection of the bias adjustment method is important and can affect the simulated climate change signals in a different way. Thus bias adjustment should be performed with caution and examined thoroughly before any such downscaled climate change projection dataset reach decision and policy makers in order to plan climate change related adaptation strategies.
Association between a new dietary protein quality index and micronutrient intake adequacy: a cross-sectional study in a young adult Spanish Mediterranean cohort
Authors: de la O Víctor , Zazpe Itziar , de la Fuente-Arrillaga Carmen , Santiago Susana , Goni Leticia , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Ruiz-Canela Miguel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There is no evidence of a dietary index that measures not only the quantity but also the quality of protein. The aim is to investigate the association between a new dietary protein quality index (PQI) and micronutrient intake adequacy in a Mediterranean cohort.

Design
We assessed 17,535 participants’ diet at baseline using a semi-quantitative FFQ. The PQI was calculated according to the ratio of protein (g/d) sources: [fish, seafood, lean meat, pulses, eggs, nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains]/[red and ultra-processed meats, whole-fat or semi-skimmed dairy, potatoes and refined grains]. Participants were classified into quintiles of PQI. We evaluated the intakes of Fe, Cr, I, K, Mg, Ca, P, Na, Se, Zn and vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, E and folic acid. Micronutrient adequacy was evaluated using DRIs. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the micronutrient adequacy according to quintiles of PQI.

Results
In this cross-sectional analysis, a total of 24.2% and 4.3% participants did not to meet DRIs in ≥ 4 and ≥ 8 micronutrients, respectively. The odds of failing to meet ≥ 4 and ≥ 8 DRI were lower in participants in the highest quintile of protein quality (OR = 0.22; IC 95% = 0.18, 0.26; P-trend < 0.001; and OR = 0.08; IC 95% = 0.05, 0.14; P-trend < 0.001, respectively) as compared to participants in the lowest quintile.

Conclusion
Higher PQI was found to be strongly associated with better micronutrient intake adequacy in this Mediterranean cohort. The promotion of high-quality protein intake may be helpful for a more adequate intake of micronutrients. The odds of failing to meet certain numbers of DRIs were lower rather than saying lower risk.
Radial microfibril arrangements in wood cell walls
Authors: Maaß Mona C. , Saleh Salimeh , Militz Holger , Volkert Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
TEM and AFM imaging reveal radial orientations and whorl-like arrangements of cellulose microfibrils near the S1/S2 interface. These are explained by wrinkling during lamellar cell growth.

Abstract
In the most widely accepted model of the ultrastructure of wood cell walls, the cellulose microfibrils are arranged in helical patterns on concentric layers. However, this model is contradicted by a number of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies which reveal a radial component to the microfibril orientations in the cell wall. The idea of a radial component of the microfibril directions is not widely accepted, since it cannot easily be explained within the current understanding of lamellar cell growth. To help clarify the microfibril arrangements in wood cell walls, we have investigated various wood cell wall sections using both transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and using various imaging and specimen preparation methods. Our investigations confirm that the microfibrils have a radial component near the interface between the S1 and S2 cell wall layers, and also reveal a whorl-like microfibril arrangement at the S1/S2 interface. These whorl-like structures are consistent with cell wall wrinkling during growth, allowing the radial microfibril component to be reconciled with the established models for lamellar cell growth.
Ammonium and nitric oxide condition the establishment of Arabidopsis Ler/Kas-2 immune-related hybrid incompatibility
Authors: Atanasov Kostadin Evgeniev , Díaz-Narváez Lucía C. , Alcázar Rubén 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Main Conclusion
High ammonium suppresses hybrid incompatibility between Ler and Kas-2 accessions through lowering nitric oxide levels and nitrate reductase activity required for autoimmunity.

Abstract
The immune-related hybrid incompatibility (HI) between Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Kashmir-2 (Kas-2) accessions is due to a deleterious genetic interaction between the RPP1 (RECOGNITION OF PERONOSPORA PARASITICA1)-like Ler locus and Kas-2 alleles of the receptor-like kinase SRF3 (STRUBBELIG RECEPTOR FAMILY 3). The genetic incompatibility is temperature-dependent and leads to constitutive activation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, dwarfism and cell death at 14–16 °C. Here we investigated the effect of nutrition on the occurrence of Ler/Kas-2 HI and found that high ammonium suppresses Ler/Kas-2 incompatible phenotypes independently of the ammonium/nitrate ratio. Ammonium feeding leads to compromised disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, lower total SA, nitric oxide and nitrate reductase activity in Ler/Kas-2 incompatible hybrids. In addition, we find that Ler/Kas-2 incompatibility is dependent on NPR1 (NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1) and nitric oxide production. Overall, this work highlights the effect of nutrition on the expression of incompatible phenotypes independently of temperature.
Hedgerows increase the diversity and modify the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes
Authors: González Fradejas Guillermo , García de León David , Vasar Martti , Koorem Kadri , Zobel Martin , Öpik Maarja , Moora Mari , Rey Benayas José María 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable agriculture is essential to address global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Hedgerows enhance aboveground biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, but little is known about their impact on soil biota. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the key components of belowground biodiversity. We compared the diversity and composition of AM fungal communities at four farmland sites located in Central Spain, where 132 soil samples in total were collected to assess soil physical and chemical properties and the AM fungal communities. We compared the richness (number of AM fungal taxa), taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, and structure of the AM fungal communities across three farmland habitat types, namely hedgerows, woody crops (olive groves and vineyard), and herbaceous crops (barley, sunflower, and wheat). Our results showed positive effects of hedgerows on most diversity metrics. Almost 60% of the AM fungal taxa were shared among the three farmland habitat types. Hedgerows increased AM fungal taxonomic richness (31%) and alpha diversity (25%), and especially so compared to herbaceous crops (45% and 28%, respectively). Hedgerows harbored elevated proportions of AM fungi with non-ruderal life-history strategies. AM fungal communities were more similar between hedgerows and woody crops than between hedgerows and adjacent herbaceous crops, possibly because of differences in tillage and fertilization. Unexpectedly, hedgerows reduced phylogenetic diversity, which might be related to more selective associations of AM fungi with woody plants than with herbaceous crops. Overall, the results suggest that planting hedgerows contributes to maintain belowground diversity. Thus, European farmers should plant more hedgerows to attain the goals of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
La Queglia carbonatitic melnöite: a notable example of an ultra-alkaline rock variant in Italy
Authors: Vichi Giada , Perna Maria Grazia , Ambrosio Francesco , Rosatelli Gianluigi , Cirillo Daniele , Broom-Fendley Sam , Vladykin Nikolay V. , Zaccaria Daria , Stoppa Francesco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVery primitive ultramafic igneous rocks occur at Mt. La Queglia (Abruzzo, Italy). They form a strongly deformed sill–dyke system now tilted vertically. These rocks were initially classified as alnöite and, subsequently, have been suggested to be a carbonatitic olivine melilitite. However, further investigation and interpretation of these rocks is needed due to the presence of hand-specimen-scale textural variation suggesting a complex petrogenesis. We study the texture, mineral chemistry, and whole-rock geochemistry to define three main rock-types. (1) A brecciated rock with an ocellar texture composed of calcite pseudomorphs after olivine and melilite, plus fresh diopside in a groundmass of mica, aegirine, garnet, calcite, apatite, perovskite, titanate and chlorite. Zoned ocelli in this rock show an amoeboid shape, agglutination, and menisci typical of a plastic state. (2) A quenched rock showing a spinifex texture containing long feathery phenocrysts of cpx and mica suspended in a groundmass of nepheline, aegirine, apatite, Ti–rich magnetite, plus abundant calcite and some K-feldspar and zeolites. (3) A coarse-grained rock is composed of calcite plus intergranular glauconite, a mixture of spinel mineral group and Ti–rich magnetite, accessory barite, pyrite, and chabazite-K. The igneous rocks at Mt. La Queglia show extreme SiO2-undersaturation (33.5–37.3 wt% SiO2), high MgO contents and TiO2/Al2O3 ratios. Rock-type 1 has a lower Mg number Mg# = 100 × [Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)], higher Ca number Ca# = 100 × [Ca/(Ca + Mg)], high Cr (up to 720 ppm) Ni (up to 379 ppm), higher rare earth elements (REE) contents as well as La/Lu ratio, compared to rock-type 2. Perovskite and chromite accumulation seems an important agent during rock differentiation. Rock-type 3 shows REE cross-over with rock-type 2 suggesting light (L)REE concentration in a carbothermal residuum. Mt. La Queglia rocks are an end-member compared to other Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene Italian lamprophyres, suggesting a low degree of melting of a HIMU (a colloquialism for “high-μ”; referring to mantle domains with high 238U/ 204Pb) garnet-bearing mantle source.