bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations Between White Matter Microstructure and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescence
Authors: Dall’Aglio Lorenza , Xu Bing , Tiemeier Henning , Muetzel Ryan L. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveAssociations between psychiatric problems and white matter (WM) microstructure have been reported in childhood and adolescence. Yet, a deeper understanding of this relation has been hampered by a dearth of well-powered longitudinal studies and a lack of explicit examination of the bidirectional associations between brain and behavior. We investigated the temporal directionality of WM microstructure and psychiatric symptom associations from late childhood to early adolescence.MethodsIn this observational study, we leveraged the world’s largest single- and multi-site cohorts of neurodevelopment: the Generation R and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Studies (total n scans = 11,400). We assessed psychiatric symptoms with the Child Behavioral Checklist as broad-band Internalizing and Externalizing scales, and as syndrome scales (e.g., Anxious/Depressed). We quantified WM with Diffusion Tensor Imaging, globally and at a tract level. We used cross-lagged panel models to test bidirectional associations of global and specific measures of psychopathology and WM microstructure, meta-analyzed results across cohorts, and used linear mixed-effects models for validation.ResultsWe did not identify any robust longitudinal associations of global WM microstructure with internalizing or externalizing problems across cohorts (confirmatory analyses). We observed similar findings for longitudinal associations between tract-based microstructure with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and for global WM microstructure with specific syndromes (exploratory analyses).ConclusionUni- or bi-directionality of longitudinal associations between WM and psychiatric symptoms was not robustly identified. We propose several explanations for these findings, including interindividual differences, the use of longitudinal approaches, and smaller effects than expected.
Restoring the True Form of the Gigantic Blue Whale for the First Time, and Mass Estimation
Authors: Paul Gregory S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing photographs of swimming blue whales and mounted skeletons, the body form of the largest known animal is correctly restored, no previous effort having been entirely accurate in part because of the absence of rigorous technical efforts prior to this study. The maximum total length/depth ratio is about 7.5-8.1, with the greatest depth in the chest forward of midlength. There is a subtle ventral concavity between the chest and abdomen. The chest is broader than deep, contradicting mounted skeletons in which the ribs are articulated too vertically so that the chest is falsely deeper than broad. The tip of the mandible is fairly blunt, although the throat pouch is streamlined when cruising, the head is very large. The result is an elongated, tear drop, hydrodynamically optimized shape. A volume based mass estimate based on the restoration is close to that observed in harvested blue whales relative to length, and indicates that the largest individuals reach ~200 tonnes.
Impact of HLA divergence on humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 and HBV vaccines in the liver transplantation setting
Authors: Féray Cyrille , Allain Vincent , Taupin Jean Luc , Roche Bruno , Desterke Christophe , Kounis Ilias , Demir Zeynep , Roque-Afonso Anne-Marie , Coilly Audrey , Samuel Didier , Caillat-Zucman Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrgan transplant recipients are at high risk of viral infections but show lower humoral vaccine responsiveness than immunocompetent individuals. HLA evolutionary divergence (HED) quantifies the sequence differences between homologous HLA alleles and reflects the breadth of the immunopeptidome presented to T lymphocytes.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the impact of HED on humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in 310 liver transplant recipients (undetectable anti-spike IgG titers considered as no response, ≤250 BAU/mL as moderate response, >250 BAU/mL as strong response) and to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in 424 liver transplant candidates (anti-HBs IgG <10 mIU/mL considered as no response, 10-100 mIU/mL as moderate reponse, ≥100 mIU/mL as strong response). HED between aligned allele pairs at HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and- DQB1 loci were measured as a continuous metric using the Grantham distance. The impact of HED on vaccine responses was analyzed through ordinal logistic regression and inverse probability weighting approach based on generalised propensity scores.FindingsFor both vaccines, HED at the DQB1 locus, but not at other loci, was significantly higher in responders than in others, independent of covariates associated to the response (age, time since transplant, hemoglobin levels, combined graft, immunosuppression with steroids or mycophenolate for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; age, gender, and liver disease for HBV vaccine).InterpretationDQB1 HED is a critical determinant of humoral response to vaccines in liver transplant recipients. This metric could guide the design of future vaccines as it predicts the magnitude of the repertoire of vaccine-derived peptides presented to CD4 helper T cells.FundingInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
Simplification of free-running cardiac magnetic resonance by respiratory phase using principal component analysis
Authors: Shammi Ummul Afia , Luan Zhijian , Xu Jia , Hamid Aws , Flors Lucia , Cassani Joanne , Altes Talissa A. , Thomen Robert P. , Van Doren Steven R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) provides many cardiac functional insights. The reliance of standard cine CMR upon breath holds is not feasible for some patients. Its process of combining multiple heartbeats is unsuited to arrhythmias. Real-time cine methods sidestep these problems but can introduce respiratory displacement of the heart. To aid CMR acquisitions during breathing, we developed post-processing software to diminish the effects of respiratory displacement of the heart. It uses principal component analysis to resolve respiratory motions from cardiac cycles in the dynamic image. The software groups heartbeats from expiration and inspiration to decrease the appearance of respiratory motion. The effects of respiratory motion and such motion correction were evaluated on short-axis views (acquired with compressed sensing) of 11 healthy subjects and 8 cardiac patients. The smallest correlation coefficients between end-systolic frames of the original dynamic scans averaged 0.79. After segregation of cardiac cycles by respiratory phase, the mean correlation coefficients between cardiac cycles were 0.94 ± 0.03 at end-expiration and 0.90 ± 0.08 at end-inspiration. The improvements in correlation coefficients were significant in paired t-tests, i.e., P ≤ 0.01 for healthy subjects and P ≤ 0.001 for heart patients at end-expiration. Two expert cardiothoracic radiologists, blinded to the processing, assessed the dynamic images in terms of blood-myocardial contrast, endocardial interface definition, and motion artifacts. Clinical assessment preferred cardiac cycles during end-expiration, which maintained or enhanced scores in 90% of healthy subjects and 83% of the heart patients. Performance remained high in a case of arrhythmia and irregular breathing. Heartbeats collected from end-expiration reliably mitigated respiratory motion when the new software was applied to DICOM files from real-time acquisitions.
Effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on cardiorespiratory fitness in firefighters – a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ras Jaron , Soteriades Elpidoforos S. , Kengne Andre P. , Smith Denise , Leach Lloyd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, firefighting is recognized as among the most physically demanding professions. In addition, because of the hazardous nature of firefighting, firefighters are required to wear heavy insulated personnel protective equipment that protects them from exposures to hazardous chemicals and fumes and severe temperatures. This requires that, throughout their careers, firefighters maintain their cardiovascular health and maintain a satisfactory cardiovascular fitness to manage these stressors and perform their duties sufficient vigour. The aim of this systematic is to determine the effects of cardiovascular disease risk factors on cardiorespiratory fitness of firefighters.MethodsUsing the comprehensive search terms, a detailed literature search, with no limitation to publication year, will be conducted to identify relevant studies from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOHost, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS. Data-extraction will be extracted using a researcher-generated data extraction form. Data will be imported into Zotero® version 6.0.9, and duplicates removed. The article screening will be conducted using the Rayyan® intelligent systematic review tool. Thereafter, information from the included studies will be captured on the researcher-generated data extraction form. For the methodological assessment, the Appraisal Tool for Cross Sectional Studies (AXIS) checklist and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) toolkit will be used. For the meta-analysis, Review Manager 5.3 will be used to determine the exposure effects and MedCalc® statistical software Ltd. to determine the pooled correlation effects.DiscussionThis systematic review arose from the global cardiovascular health concerns that firefighters face, and how the development and progression of CVD risk factors effect cardiorespiratory fitness in firefighters. Cardiorespiratory has been shown to be an essential factor in optimal occupational performance in firefighters but understudied related to CVD risk factors. It is anticipated that this review will make a considerable contribution to the international scientific literature on the effect that CVD risk factors will have on cardiorespiratory fitness.Systematic review protocol registrationPROSPERO (CRD42021258898)
Effectiveness of endurance training rehabilitation after hospitalisation in intensive care for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome on dyspnoea (RECOVER): a randomised controlled, open-label multicentre trial
Authors: Romanet Christophe , Wormser Johan , Fels Audrey , Lucas Pauline , Prudat Camille , Sacco Emmanuelle , Bruel Cédric , Plantefève Gaëtan , Pene Frédéric , Chatellier Gilles , Philippart François 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) is the severe evolution of the Sars-Cov-2 infection leading to an intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Its onset is associated with “long-covid” including persisting respiratory disorders up to one year. Rehabilitation is suggested by most guidelines in the treatment of “long-covid”. As no randomised controlled trial did support its use in “long-covid” we aimed to evaluate the effects of endurance training rehabilitation (ETR) on dyspnoea in “long-covid” following CARDS.MethodsIn this multicentre, two-arm, parallel, open, assessor-blinded, randomised, controlled trial performed in three French ICU, we enrolled adults previously admitted for CARDS, discharged for at least three months and presenting an mMRC dyspnea scale score > 1. Eligible patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either ETR or standard physiotherapy (SP), both for three months. Outcomes assessors were masked to treatment assignment. Primary outcome was dyspnoea’s evolution, measured by Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) at inclusion and after 90 days.ResultsBetween August 7, 2020 and January 26, 2022, 871 COVID-19 patients were screened, of whom 60 were randomly assigned to ETR (n=27) or SP (n=33). Mean MDP score after treatment was significantly lower in the ETR group than in the SP group (26.15 [SD 15.48] vs. 44.76 [SD 19.25]; mean difference -18.61 [95% CI -27.78 to -9.44]; p<0.0001).ConclusionCARDS patients suffering from breathlessness three months after discharge improved their dyspnoea significantly more when treated with ETR for three months rather than with SP.
Predictive value ofSLCO1B1c.521T>C polymorphism on observed changes in the treatment of 1136 statin-users
Authors: Jansen ME , Rigter T , Fleur TMC , Souverein PC , Verschuren WMM , Vijverberg SJ , Swen JJ , Rodenburg W , Cornel MC 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposePharmacogenomic testing is a method to prevent adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics could be relevant to optimize statin treatment, by identifying patients at high risk for adverse drug reactions. We aim to investigate the clinical validity and utility of pre-emptive pharmacogenomics screening in primary care, withSLCO1B1c.521T>C as a risk factor for statin induced adverse drug reactions.MethodsThe focus was on changes in therapy as a proxy for adverse drug reactions observed in statin-users in a population-based Dutch cohort. In total 1136 statin users were retrospectively genotyped for theSLCO1B1c.521T>C polymorphism (rs4149056) and information on their statin dispensing was evaluated as a cross-sectional research.ResultsApproximately half of the included participants discontinued or switched their statin treatment within three years. In our analyses we could not confirm an association between theSLCO1B1c.521T>C genotype and any change in statin therapy or arriving at a stable dose sooner in primary care.ConclusionTo be able to evaluate the predictive values ofSLCO1B1c.521T>C genotype on adverse drug reactions from statins, prospective data collection of actual adverse drug reactions and reasons to change statin treatment should be facilitated.
Buprenorphine treatment receipt characteristics and retention among people who inject drugs at Integrated Care Centers in India
Authors: Ganapathi Lakshmi , McFall Allison M. , Greco Kimberly F. , Srikrishnan Aylur , Mayer Kenneth H. , O’Cleirigh Conall , Mehta Shruti H. , Lucas Gregory M. , Solomon Sunil S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndia is facing an alarming rise in the injection of opioids leading to burgeoning HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs (PWID) in several cities. Integrated Care Centers (ICCs) provide free single-venue HIV services and substance use treatment to PWID and have been established across 8 Indian cities. We evaluated engagement of PWID in buprenorphine treatment at ICCs to inform interventions.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1-year follow-up data for PWID initiating buprenorphine between 1 January – 31 December 2018 across 7 ICCs. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate buprenorphine uptake, receipt frequency, treatment interruptions (no buprenorphine receipt for 60 consecutive days but with subsequent re-engagement in treatment), and treatment drop-out (no buprenorphine receipt for 60 consecutive days without subsequent re-engagement), and explore differences between historical opioid epidemic regions (i.e., Northeast cities (NEC)) and emerging opioid epidemic regions (i.e., North/Central/Northwest cities (NCC)). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to determine predictors of treatment drop-out by 6 months.Results1312 PWID initiated buprenorphine (76% NCC vs. 24% NEC). 31% of PWID in NCC, and 25% in NEC experienced ≥ 1 treatment interruption. About a third (34%) of PWID in NCC vs. half (50%) in NEC dropped-out by 6 months (p<0.0001). Over 6 months, 48% of PWID in NCC vs. 60% in NEC received buprenorphine ≤2 times/week on average (p<0.0001). In multivariable models, living in NEC was associated with increased odds of treatment drop-out while receipt of counseling was associated with decreased odds of treatment drop-out.ConclusionsPWID at ICCs, particularly those in NEC have low buprenorphine receipt and retention. Patient-centered interventions adapted to regional contexts are urgently needed to ameliorate these gaps.
Insights into COVID-19 epidemiology and control from temporal changes in serial interval distributions in Hong Kong
Authors: Ali Sheikh Taslim , Chen Dongxuan , Lim Wey Wen , Yeung Amy , Adam Dillon C. , Lau Yiu Chung , Lau Eric H. Y. , Wong Jessica Y. , Xiao Jingyi , Ho Faith , Gao Huizhi , Wang Lin , Xu Xiao-Ke , Du Zhanwei , Wu Peng , Leung Gabriel M. , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe serial interval distribution is used to approximate the generation time distribution, an essential parameter to predict the effective reproductive number “Rt”, a measure of transmissibility. However, serial interval distributions may change as an epidemic progresses rather than remaining constant. Here we show that serial intervals in Hong Kong varied over time, closely associated with the temporal variation in COVID-19 case profiles and public health and social measures that were implemented in response to surges in community transmission. Quantification of the variation over time in serial intervals led to improved estimation of Rt, and provided additional insights into the impact of public health measures on transmission of infections.One-Sentence SummaryReal-time estimates of serial interval distributions can improve assessment of COVID-19 transmission dynamics and control.
Optimized Monophasic Pulses with Equivalent Electric Field for Rapid-Rate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Wang Boshuo , Zhang Jinshui , Li Zhongxi , Grill Warren M. , Peterchev Angel V. , Goetz Stefan M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with monophasic pulses achieves greater changes in neuronal excitability but requires higher energy and generates more coil heating than TMS with biphasic pulses, and this limits the use of monophasic pulses in rapid-rate protocols. We sought to design a stimulation waveform that retains the characteristics of monophasic TMS but significantly reduces coil heating, thereby enabling higher pulse rates and increased neuromodulation effectiveness.ApproachA two-step optimization method was developed that uses the temporal relationship between the electric field (E-field) and coil current waveforms. The model-free optimization step reduced the ohmic losses of the coil current and constrained the error of the E-field waveform compared to a template monophasic pulse, with pulse duration as a second constraint. The second, amplitude adjustment step scaled the candidate waveforms based on simulated neural activation to account for differences in stimulation thresholds. The optimized waveforms were implemented to validate the changes in coil heating.Main resultsDepending on the pulse duration and E-field matching constraints, the optimized waveforms produced 12% to 75% less heating than the original monophasic pulse. The reduction in coil heating was robust across a range of neural models. The changes in the measured ohmic losses of the optimized pulses compared to the original pulse agreed with numeric predictions.SignificanceThe first step of the optimization approach was independent of any potentially inaccurate or incorrect model and exhibited robust performance by avoiding the highly nonlinear behavior of neural responses, whereas neural simulations were only run once for amplitude scaling in the second step. This significantly reduced computational cost compared to iterative methods using large populations of candidate solutions and more importantly reduced the sensitivity to the choice of neural model. The reduced coil heating and power losses of the optimized pulses can enable rapid-rate monophasic TMS protocols.
Host network-based discovery of critical regulators of innate immunity, virus growth, and pathogenesis in influenza virus infection
Authors: Eisfeld Amie J. , Fan Shufang , Rao Hongyu , Venkatachalam Backiyalakshmi Ammayappan , Smith Danielle Westhoff , Halfmann Peter J. , Walters Kevin B. , Nair Sharmila , Thackray Larissa B. , Kocher Jacob F. , Sims Amy C. , Mitchell Hugh D. , Neumann Gabriele , Blank Volker , Waters Katrina M. , Baric Ralph S. , Diamond Michael S. , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTInnate immunity is protective against viruses, but also can facilitate pathological infection responses. Despite intensive research, our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate innate immunity in virus infection remains incomplete. Systems biology-based data-driven modeling approaches hold substantial promise toward discovery of crucial innate immune signaling regulators, yet model-derived predictions are almost completely unexplored. Here, we carried out systematic experimental validation of candidate regulators predicted by a transcriptional association network model of influenza virus-infected cells. We identified dozens of novel innate immune signaling regulators with potent effects on the replication of influenza and other viruses, and importantly, we established the biological relevance of a validated regulator in vivo. Collectively, these findings aid in clarifying mechanisms of influenza virus pathogenicity and might lead to innovative approaches for treating influenza virus disease. Similar data-driven modeling strategies may be applicable for the study of other pathogen systems or immunological disorders.
Mosquito invasion via the global shipping network is slowed in high-risk areas by on-shore and ship-board monitoring
Authors: Willoughby Janna R. , McKenzie Benjamin A. , Ahn Jordan , Steury Todd D. , Lepzcyk Christopher A. , Zohdy Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe global shipping network (GSN) has been suggested as a pathway for the establishment and reintroduction of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus primarily via the tire trade. We used historical maritime movement data in combination with an agent-based model to understand invasion risk in the United States Gulf Coast and how the risk of these invasions could be reduced. We found a strong correlation between the total number of cargo ship arrivals at each port and likelihood of arrival by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Additionally, in 2012, 99.2% of the arrivals into target ports had most recently visited ports occupied by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, increasing risk of Aedes invasion. Model results indicated that detection and removal of mosquitoes from containers when they are unloaded at a port may be more effective in reducing the establishment of mosquito populations compared to eradication efforts that occur while onboard the vessel, suggesting detection efforts should be focused on unloaded containers. To reduce the risk of invasion and reintroduction of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, surveillance and control efforts should be employed when containers leave high risk locations and when they arrive in ports at high risk of establishment.