bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Heat Equation with Singular Potentials. II: Hypoelliptic Case
Authors: Chatzakou Marianna , Ruzhansky Michael , Tokmagambetov Niyaz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider the heat equation with a strongly singular potential and show that it has a very weak solution. Our analysis is devoted to general hypoelliptic operators and is developed in the setting of graded Lie groups. The current work continues and extends the work (Altybay et al. in Appl. Math. Comput. 399:126006, 2021), where the classical heat equation on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$

R
n

was considered.
Genetic variation and population structure analysis of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev from Eurasian steppes using SSR makers
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Hou Xianyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev is an important perennial grass species extensively dispersed in the typical grassland communities of the Eurasian steppe region. It is relished by livestock due to its high quality and being a nutritionally valuable forage crop. L. chinensis has recently gained extensive consideration on its genetic diversity. However, genetic diversity studies on L. chinensis using SSR markers is currently limited. In the present study, we investigate the genetic variation and population structure analysis of L. chinensis from Eurasian steppes using SSR makers. For the genetic diversity, nineteen SSR markers were used and a total of 133 alleles were identified across the 166 L. chinensis plants. Our findings illustrated that the polymorphic rate for all SSR markers was greater than 80%, with the exception of SSR12i and SSR6c, which had polymorphism rates of 50% and 75%, respectively. The gene diversity (H) ranged from 0.0545 for SSR12i to 0.4720 for SSR25v, and the average was 0.3136. Furthermore, genetic diversity analysis indicated that the 166 samples could be grouped into five main population clusters based on their maximum membership coefficients which were assigned as Pop1 to Pop5. Among the five populations, the largest values of allele (total number of detected alleles), Ne (effective number of alleles) and Na (observed mean number of alleles) was found to be higher in Pop1, with values of 61, 1.461, and 1.977, respectively. Additionally, AMOVA showed that 13% of the total genetic variation occurred among the population and 87% genetic variation within the populations of the species. Whereas, the pairwise Fst specified the moderate genetic variation ranging from 0.0336 to 0.0731. Finally, the principal coordinate analysis revealed that the x-axis and y-axis explained 5.72% and 4.86% of the variation in molecular data, respectively. Taken together, these SSR markers provide new insights for a more precise understanding of the genetic diversity of L. chinensis germplasm and could potentially enhance the breeding program of L. chinensis.
The effect of masterbatch pigments on the crystallisation, morphology, and shrinkage behaviour of Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Ullah Jawad , Harkin-Jones Eileen , McIlhagger Alistair , Magee Ciaran , Tormey David , Dave Foram , Sherlock Richard , Dixon Dorian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVariations in mould shrinkage when using organic and inorganic pigments in semicrystalline polymers is a well-known phenomenon within industry. These differences in mould shrinkage are thought to be caused by the presence of the pigments acting as nucleating agents, altering the crystallisation of semicrystalline polymers. These shrinkage variations can give rise to problems in obtaining the correct interference fit between parts and can cause issues in automated equipment such as filling lines. It has been previously reported that the onset temperature of crystallisation measured via DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) can be used to predict shrinkage when a variety of neat pigments are added to un-nucleated PP (polypropylene). However, the shrinkage and crystallisation behaviour of masterbatch pigments, which are widely used industrially is poorly understood. To better understand the influence of masterbatch pigments on crystallisation and shrinkage behaviour, injection moulded samples were prepared using variety of reds, whites, and purple commercial-masterbatch pigments with PP. The crystallisation kinetics and crystallinity were studied using DSC, LPOM (Linkam hot stage polarising optical microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The morphology was investigated via LPOM and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). A clear correlation was observed between the crystallisation onset temperature measured using DSC and the recorded shrinkage. A strong relationship was also observed between the percentage crystallinity measured using FTIR and shrinkage. Quinacridone and pyrrole based red and purple pigments were found to act as strong nucleating agents, with the pyrrole based red pigment also acting as β nucleator in PP. The white pigments were found to have less influence on the nucleation behaviour. For the pigments which induced the largest variation in shrinkage, a higher rate of nucleation and proportionally smaller spherulitic diameter was observed by DSC, SEM, and LPOM.
Trust, Science Education and Vaccines
Authors: Reiss Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe issue of trust in science has come to the fore in recent years. I focus on vaccines, first looking at what is known about trust in vaccines and then concentrating on whether what science education teaches about vaccines can be trusted. I present an argument to connect the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy to the issue of trust and then argue for what an education about vaccines in school science might look like that takes seriously the notion of respect for students, including students who hold views about vaccination with which science teachers might disagree. Trust in others (people and institutions) varies greatly, both between countries and within countries, and depends on the characteristics of both trustor and trustee, and there are great differences in the extent to which people trust vaccines. However, it is a mistake to think that people who do not trust vaccines are simply ill-informed. There are a range of reasons for rejecting what is often an unexamined narrative about vaccines, namely that vaccines are always desirable. Many people come from communities that have sound reasons for being suspicious of what they are told by governments, business and the medical establishment. COVID-19 and earlier reactions to vaccination health scares show how important high-quality education about vaccines is. Much of that education can take place out of school, but the foundations are laid in school. Vaccine rejection and hesitancy have major global public health implications. Good quality vaccine education should help students understand about relevant biology and the nature of science; it should also be respectful of all students, including those who come from families that reject vaccines or are hesitant about them.
Evidence in management science related to psychology: benefits, tools, and an example of a community-augmented meta-analysis
Authors: Burgard Tanja , Steinmetz Holger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the field of evidence-based management, the academic-practice gap is well-known and undermines the transfer of scientific findings to evidence-based decision-making. In this paper, we introduce the practical approach of community augmented meta-analysis (CAMA) that serves to ease cumulative evidence formation and dissemination in psychology. CAMA rests on the conviction that a better and faster knowledge transfer requires an increase in the efficiency and quality of evidence integration, timely publication of results, and a broad and easy accessibility. As a potential solution, we describe the platform PsychOpen CAMA that enables the publication of and access to meta-analytic data. We conclude with an empirical example that describes the implementation and presentation of a meta-analysis on gender differences in the intention to start a business using PsychOpen CAMA. Finally, we discuss benefits and potentials of the publication of meta-analytic data on the platform, as well as current methodological and technical limitations.
Continuous monitoring of the depth of the water-mud interface using distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Buisman Menno , Martuganova Evgeniia , Kiers Tjeerd , Draganov Deyan , Kirichek Alex 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Current surveying techniques used by port authorities to estimate the nautical depth are limited in depth resolution and temporal resolution. Because of this, certain heavily occupied quay walls cannot be optimised in terms of utilisation. Therefore, a permanent continuous measuring system with a higher depth resolution is needed to optimise the occupation at these quay walls. We show how this could be achieved with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) using fibre-optical cables.

Materials
We analyse recordings from a dual-frequency echo-sounder source along a standard communication optical fibre coiled vertically around a PVC pipe to represent vertical seismic profiling. This PVC pipe is placed inside a transparent plastic cylindrical tank which is partly filled with water and mud. This allows us to track the water-mud interface visually. We use a Silixa iDAS v2 and a Febus A1 DAS interrogator to convert the optical fibre into a seismic sensor. We use a wave generator to select the source frequency and an amplifier to amplify the output of the wave generator to a SIMRAD 38/200 COMBI C dual-frequency echo-sounder.

Results
We identify standing waves and use them to make accurate depth estimates of the water-mud interface inside the column we measure. Due to the high apparent velocity, the standing waves are easy to identify in the time domain. Due to the constructive interference, standing waves also show the water-mud interface in a power spectral density plot. We demonstrate that these standing waves could be used with an on-demand permanent continuous measuring system using ambient noise sources.

Conclusion
Our laboratory experiment showed that DAS could be used to estimate the water-mud interface. In addition, we showed the potential for on-demand monitoring in ports and waterways using DAS. Furthermore, due to the low cost of optical fibres, and the possibility of utilising ambient noise sources, DAS could be used for continuous depth monitoring purposes in ports and waterways.
The effects of gender and personality of robot assistants on customers’ acceptance of their service
Authors: Forgas-Coll Santiago , Huertas-Garcia Ruben , Andriella Antonio , Alenyà Guillem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has stimulated the use of social robots in front-office services. However, some initial applications yielded disappointing results, as managers were unaware of the level of development of the robots’ artificial intelligence systems. This study proposes to adapt the Almere model to estimate the technological acceptance of service robots, which express their gender and personality, whilst assisting consumers. A 2 × 2 (two genders vs. two personalities) between-subjects experiment was conducted with 219 participants. Model estimation with Structural Equation Modelling confirmed seven out of eight hypotheses, and all four scenarios were estimated with Ordinary Least Squares, showing that robot gender and personality affected their technological acceptance.
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Wound Healing Through the WNT/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Li Cong , An Yu , Sun Yu , Yang Fan , Xu Quanchen , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe differentiation, migration, and proliferation of skin fibroblasts are identified as key factors in cutaneous wound healing. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and their exosomes (ADMSC-Exos) have been considered as potential therapeutic tools for tissue regeneration; however, the underlying mechanisms on cutaneous wound healing are still not well understood. In this study, we successfully obtained ADMSC-Exos and found ADMSC-Exos significantly promoted the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The expression levels of COL-I and COL-III in fibroblasts treated with ADMSC-Exos were significantly increased, while the expression level of α-SMA was decreased. In addition, the enhanced protein expression of WNT2b and β-catenin confirmed the activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and the WNT/β-catenin inhibitor (XAV939) reversed the promoting effect of ADMSC-Exos on wound healing and the β-catenin expression. Taken together, our study partially elucidates the mechanism of ADMSC-Exos in wound healing, illustrating the potential of ADMSC-Exos as a new therapeutic approach to promote skin wound healing.
Graphical Abstract
Austerity, Short-term Economic Recovery and Public Perception of Immigration in Ireland
Authors: Creighton Mathew , Gusciute Egle , McGinnity Frances 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe economic crisis of 2007/2008 did not affect all members of the European Union (EU) to the same extent. In the Irish case, the economic crisis and subsequent period of austerity paralleled an erosion in public support for immigration. However, little is known about how public perception changed during a period of short-term economic recovery, like that experienced in Ireland from 2014 to 2018. Using repeated cross-sectional survey data unique to Ireland, this work captures change in attitudes towards immigrants during the pre-crisis and late-austerity periods. Moreover, this research evaluates the importance placed on two immigrant attributes intimately linked to the labour market — education and skills. We provide evidence of an emergence of more moderate views of immigration during the recovery period, but only in the perceived importance of educational qualifications. Perception of skills remains notably unchanged. Of note, both attributes remain more important in the public eye relative to before the economic crisis. In other words, short-term economic recovery does not automatically translate into a more welcoming reception. We confirm that crises and periods of austerity erode public perception of newcomers, particularly when immigration is framed in terms of skill-based economic contribution. However, this work reveals some of the scars of a rapid and deep economic downturn alter the context of reception in a durable way, which remains notably resistant to short-term recovery.
JAXA-ONERA-DLR cooperation: results from rotor optimization in hover
Authors: Wilke Gunther , Bailly Joëlle , Kimura Keita , Tanabe Yasutada 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA cooperation between JAXA, ONERA and DLR puts the focus on the aerodynamic optimization of helicopter rotors. This paper represents the conclusions from the first phase: optimization of a hovering rotor. The HART-II blade is first investigated with low-fidelity tools and compared against state-of-the art CFD simulations. Afterwards, the chord distribution and twist of the HART-II blade are optimized using the low-fidelity tools as well as CFD. Since the partners observed differences in the outcome of the CFD simulations for the low-fidelity optimized blades, a deeper investigation of the effects of the turbulence modelling approach, elasticity and grid topology is conducted. The findings show that the chosen flight condition is close to the thrust of the maximum Figure of Merit and that the vortex-triggered separation on the outboard sections of the blade has to be modelled correctly. In this study, the blade grids had the most noticeable effect on the results, followed by the turbulence model and elasticity. With respect to the optimization, low-fidelity methods require special care, whereas CFD optimized blades were found to lead to more robust designs, even though they have only been optimized for a single point. This is explained by the more accurate modelling of the stall phenomenon with respect to geometrical changes.
A 1-Day Training Course to Disseminate the BREF Psychoeducational Program to Caregivers and Promote Network Establishment between Psychiatry Departments and Family Associations
Authors: Rey Romain , de Martène Bénédicte , Baltazar Matias , Geoffray Marie-Maude , d’Amato Thierry , Demily Caroline , Bohec Anne-Lise 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Although international guidelines state that psychoeducation to caregivers should be provided systematically, it remains insufficiently available in psychiatry. This study reports the development and evaluation of an original training course aimed to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to implement “BREF,” a psychoeducational program for caregivers.

Methods
The BREF program training course, a free, 1-day course incorporating peer role-play was developed. In addition to psychiatrists, nurses, and psychologists, caregivers were involved as preceptors. Participants were mental health professionals and volunteer caregivers. Participants to the first 28 sessions of the course (n=467) completed a post-course questionnaire (n=341) and a cross-sectional questionnaire (n=56). Quantitative data on satisfaction, learning, and behavior changes following the course were collected equating to levels 1, 2, and 3 of Kirkpatrick’s model.

Results
After the course, high levels of satisfaction and commitment were observed with 100% of responders recommending the course and 81% intending to implement the BREF program. Confidence mean score to implement BREF was 7.9/10 (±1.4) with no significant effect of course session. At cross-sectional evaluation, 73% of responders reported improvements in skills related to providing psychoeducation to caregivers, 64% stated that the BREF program was implemented/under implementation, and 66% stated that their department had connected with a family association.

Conclusions
Training course sessions alone can increase psychoeducational programs for caregivers and network establishment. The BREF program training course demonstrates a high level of participant satisfaction and is a promising method to disseminate psychoeducation to caregivers, thus addressing a major shortage in mental health organization.
An in-depth analysis of programming in the Swedish school curriculum—rationale, knowledge content and teacher guidance
Authors: Vinnervik Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a study of Swedish curriculum documents for compulsory school in order to unfold how novel programming content is communicated to the main policy enactors, that is, the teachers. Specifically, the study focusses on: (1) arguments for why programming is relevant and for what purposes, (2) what programming knowledge that is specified and (3) what guidance the curriculum documents provide to help teachers realise the programming content in their teaching. Text analysis was used as method of analysis. Two conceptual frameworks were used during analysis to identify and classify arguments for computer science in compulsory education, and to identify types of programming knowledge. Results reveal that the curriculum documents are sparse on details about what programming knowledge entails. Instead, programming is mainly presented as an interdisciplinary tool to achieve other learning goals. Guidance is given mainly in the form of cautious suggestions on how the work can be organised and through broad explanations and examples of how programming can be useful. However, some important and difficult strategic decisions are left entirely to the teachers without any clear guidance. The programming message in its entirety is communicated through several texts from different subjects. Altogether, this may complicate teachers’ process of transforming the curriculum into teaching and learning activities. In turn, there is a risk of inequality amongst schools and that the programming experience for the children becomes fragmented, superficial, misses out on key points, or is omitted, in part or in whole.
Parameters and reliability estimation for the weibull distribution based on intuitionistic fuzzy lifetime data
Authors: Roohanizadeh Zahra , Baloui Jamkhaneh Ezzatallah , Deiri Einolah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the definition of probability, conditional probability and likelihood function are generalized to the intuitionistic fuzzy observations. We focus on different estimation approaches of two-parameter Weibull (TW) distribution based on the intuitionistic fuzzy lifetime data including, maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian estimation methodology. The ML estimation of the parameters and reliability function of TW distribution is provided using the Newton–Raphson (NR) and Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithms. The Bayesian estimates are provided via Tierney and Kadane’s approximation. In the Bayesian estimation approach, for the shape and scale parameters, the Gamma and inverse-Gamma priors are considered, respectively. Finally, a simulated data set is analyzed for illustrative purposes to show the applicability of the proposed estimation methods. The Monte Carlo simulations are performed to find the more efficient estimator in the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The performances of the ML and Bayesian estimates of the parameters and reliability function are compared based on the mean biased (MB) and mean squared errors (MSE) criteria.
Stability of inner dump slope under coal pillar support: case study in an open-pit coal mine
Authors: Li Guanghe , Yang Xiaoxu , Wang Dong , Wang Yanting , Yu Xiangyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe stability of an inner dump slope was investigated under the effect of coal pillar support considering the development position of dumping. Based on the instability mechanism and load distribution characteristics of the supporting coal pillar, the three-dimensional mechanical effects of the supporting coal pillar are characterized. Using the two-dimensional equivalent principle and the residual thrust method, the stability of the inner dump slope was analyzed under the effect of pillar support at different dump development positions. The quantitative effects of various factors on the inner dump slope stability were revealed, and the coal pillar shape parameters were optimized through numerical simulations. The results indicate that the slope stability coefficient is linearly related to the top width and height of the coal pillar, slope angle, and base inclination angle, and has an exponential relation with the coal pillar strike length and slope height increment. There are quadratic and absolute value relations with the coal pillar outer and the inner bottom angle, respectively. The top width of the coal pillar in the inner dump of Shengli East No.2 open-pit coal mine should be at a level of + 824 m, and the optimal top width and height are 15 and 36.7 m, respectively. The instability mechanism of the supporting and retaining coal pillar obtained by numerical simulations and the stability of the inner dump are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the design, treatment, and safe implementation of similar open-pit mine slope engineering.