bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretable Transfer Learning for Small Sample Coal and Gas Outburst Risk Identification Using TabNet
Authors: Mao Shuren , Liang Yunpei , Sun Wanjie , Li Quangui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe identification of coal and gas outburst risks is crucial for the safe production of coal mines. The application of deep learning techniques in this domain shows significant promise, particularly in small sample scenarios. This paper investigates the use of transfer learning and self‐supervised learning strategies in static outburst risk identification models under small sample data scenarios. A TabNet‐based model was utilized, focusing on performance improvements achieved through pretraining, particularly with respect to recall rate and false negative rate. The model was pretrained using a combination of self‐supervised and supervised learning to enhance adaptability and generalization capabilities for small sample data scenarios, followed by evaluation with stratified fivefold cross‐validation. Experimental results demonstrated that the pretrained TabNet model significantly outperformed the non‐pretrained model as well as traditional machine learning models, including random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, SVM, and MLP, in terms of accuracy and stability. Furthermore, removing features with weak correlations to the target variable further improved model performance, emphasizing the importance of integrating various learning strategies during data preprocessing and model training, particularly in limited data contexts. Model interpretability was also analyzed using SHAP and TabNet's inherent interpretability, confirming consistent feature importance rankings and highlighting the model's robustness and reliability.
Comparative Analysis of the Gas Extraction Effects With Different Numbers and Spacings of Boreholes Drilled Along a Coal Seam
Authors: Chen Yuexia , Chu Tingxiang , Chen Xuexi , Chen Peng , Wang Haidong , Jiang Boning , Cao Jialin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe number and spacing of boreholes drilled along a coal seam are important parameters of the borehole layout. Despite the previous extensive research by many experts, quantitative and visual comparisons of the gas extraction effects with different borehole spacings and numbers are rare. Here, the effective gas extraction range, delimited by the 0.74 MPa isobaric surface and lines, was simulated. The 0.74 MPa isobaric surface around multiple sets of boreholes at 60 days of gas extraction is wavy. At 50 days, the isobaric lines around a single set of boreholes are approximately circular, whereas those around multiple sets of boreholes are approximately elliptical. When five sets of boreholes are used, the short semiaxis of the elliptical contour around the middle borehole is approximately 59% greater than the effective extraction radius of a single borehole. Among the spacings investigated, the effective extraction volume V5 peaks at a borehole spacing of 5 m at 90 days; but, the isobaric lines at the top and bottom of the working face are concave inwards, that is, certain gas pressures exceed 0.74 MPa, thereby increasing the likelihood of gas emissions. Thus, at 90 days, the efficiency of gas extraction in this studied working face is higher as the borehole spacing is 4 m. This approach, which takes into account the superimposed effect of boreholes drilled along a coal seam, the radius of gas extraction, isolines, isobaric surface and the effective extraction volume, offers theoretical guidance for the arrangement of boreholes.
Silurian to Early Triassic Magnetic Susceptibility Variations in the South Yellow Sea and Their Environmental Implications: Records From the CSDP‐2 Well
Authors: Yan Kai , Zhang Xun‐Hua , Guo Xing‐Wei , Hou Fang‐Hui , Sun Jun , Huang Yu‐Xiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUntil recently, no physical rock samples from the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic eras had been recovered from the South Yellow Sea (SYS), leaving the palaeoclimatic significance of this period largely unexplored. This study analyzes data from the Lower Silurian to Lower Triassic strata of the CSDP‐2 Well, including magnetic susceptibility (MS) data from 251 samples and geochemical element data for 345 samples, to determine environmental changes and their implications. We successfully establishes vertically continuous and complete MS and geochemical curves within the SYS, and two depth segments with anomalous values and four climatic shifts are identified. Through the coupled analysis of MS and geochemical data, along with the synthesis of previously published data, one anomalous segment from 1690‐2006. 9 meters below sea floor (mbsf) could represent the Late Devonian‐Early Permian Ice Age, which lasted approximately 80 Ma. Another segment from 820‐930 mbsf represents Emeishan and Siberian volcanism, with an interval between the two events spanning approximately 2.7 Ma. And 15 variation cycles are identified by analyzing changes of MS values, we found that geological event cycles spanned 3‐9 Ma during the Early Silurian to Permian, but the interval shorten to approximately 28.6 Kyr in the Early Triassic. In summary, the CSDP‐2 Well records several significant geological events and the SYS underwent an exceptionally complex evolution of geological environments during the Early Mesozoic. Additionally, MS data from CSDP‐2 Well reveal unique variation patterns not seen in adjacent areas or other blocks, indicating that while the SYS was influenced by global climate and tectonic activities at block‐level, it also experienced distinct regional geological environmental changes.
Dissecting the Structural Shift in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Japan Amidst the Nexus of Natural Resource Rents, Income, and Population Growth: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Wada Isah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHuman economic activities, aimed at rapid growth, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, thereby accelerating climate change and raising concerns about sustainability, particularly in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). The study's objectives align with UNSDG Goal 15, which seeks to minimise the impact of human activities on the environment and halt further environmental degradation. This study explores the structural shifts in greenhouse gas emissions in Japan by examining the relationship between total greenhouse gases, natural resource rents, real income, and population from 1970 to 2018. Utilising the novel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and dynamic quantile ARDL techniques, the analysis reveals an annual equilibrium convergence rate of approximately 34%–36%. The multivariate VECM causality system identifies significant long‐run causal relationships, indicating the influence of these covariates on maintaining a stable equilibrium. In the short run, one‐way causality is observed from resource rents, per capita income, and squared per capita income to total emissions. Long‐term findings suggest that reductions in natural resource rents, per capita GDP, and population growth contribute to improved atmospheric quality. The results support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, confirming the existence of an ‘inverted U‐curve’ for Japan. Furthermore, the robust quantile ARDL aligns these findings with the net probabilistic effects in both short‐ and long‐term scenarios. By applying innovative accounting decomposition frameworks, the study shows that changes in greenhouse gas emissions, resource rents, and population growth consistently lead to reduced emissions in Japan. Overall, these findings provide empirical support for Japan's goal of achieving net carbon neutrality by 2050 and underscore the importance of adhering to transformative policy measures.
Unleashing the Untapped Potential: Groundwater Exploration in a Watershed Environment of North‐East India Using MCDA‐AHP Techniques
Authors: Borah Debashree , Bora Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe contemporary era is marked by the faster exploitation of groundwater resources due to the combined effects of burgeoning population and rapid industrialisation. This study tries to delineate the groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in a fragile and agriculturally dominant watershed of North‐East India using the GIS‐based multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The study has undertaken 10 influencing factors: geomorphology, geology, land use/land cover (LU/LC), drainage density, rainfall, soil texture, slope, lineament density, topographic wetness index (TWI) and normalised difference water index (NDWI). Suitable weights for the parameters are assigned according to their relative importance and association with groundwater storage based on a pairwise comparison matrix (PCM). Four GWPZs with their respective coverages namely poor (3.39%), moderate (24.98%), good (33.36%) and excellent (38.27%) categories are found. The central and southern parts of the study area covering a portion of Udalguri, Sonitpur and Darrang districts of Assam have porous geological settings and floodplains, indicating high groundwater potentiality. In contrast, the northern part with hard and rugged terrain lacks groundwater storage. Incorporating the socio‐economic aspect, particularly the number of villages with or without access to suitable groundwater, significantly enhances the study's utility. The outcome is cross‐verified with the well data obtained from the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) and field data which is validated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve resulting in an accuracy of 72.9%. Hence, this inquiry has implications for both regional and global significance and will assist stakeholders and authorities in creating a roadmap for sustainable and effective water use.
Wetland Distribution in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and Its Responses to Climate Change and Glacial Retreat
Authors: Peng Tianzhu , Chen Weizhe , Long Hao , Ma Zhenru , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) experienced noticeable warming and glacial retreat during the past decades. However, it is unclear how these changes affect QTP wetland distribution in the past and future. To this end, this study estimated the potential wetland distribution in the QTP under present and future climate scenarios using five machine learning methods. We further decoupled the sensitivity of wetland area to temperature, precipitation, and glacier changes based on the control experiment, and quantified the environmental niche of QTP wetland distribution. The RusBoost algorithm model has the best performance and shows that the current potential wetland area is about 1.6 × 105 km2, accounting for 6.22% of the land surface. By 2100, QTP wetlands are projected to increase by 9.6% and 77.3% relative to the current potential wetland area under the SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, respectively. Climate warming and wetting are positively correlated with the future wetland areas. Each 1°C increase in the warmest season temperature can lead to a 9.0% increase in QTP wetland areas. Glacial retreat to some extent leads to wetland increase, for example, in the southeastern QTP, likely due to glacial meltwater recharge. However, wetlands will decrease due to longer glacial distances in the northeast QTP, because wetlands tend to grow within a suitable distance of 30 km to glaciers. As more current wetlands spread within the recharge range of glacier meltwater, QTP wetlands expect to increase in the near future. This research provides a valuable reference for predicting wetland changes in alpine regions in the context of global warming.
Unravelling Regional Water Balance Dynamics in Anthropogenically Shaped Lowlands: A Data‐Driven Approach
Authors: Kröcher Jenny , Ghazaryan Gohar , Lischeid Gunnar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEffective management of water resources in anthropogenically shaped lowlands requires a comprehensive understanding of hydrological processes and balancing various effects in complex settings, especially like lowland hydrology. Unlike mountainous headwater catchments with shallow soils, lowland hydrology is typically dominated by groundwater dynamics, often exhibiting pronounced spatial correlation lengths, though other factors may also contribute. This necessitates consideration of distant anthropogenic impacts in water resources management. This study focuses on the Lusatia region in the northern German, a lowland area heavily altered by mining activities, including extensive groundwater lowering and rebound, impacting the overall water regime. We applied an efficient, data‐based approach to unravel various impacts on the landscape water balance over a 30‐year period (1993–2022). We integrated over 1800 ground‐based time series data on groundwater levels, surface water dynamics and runoff, supplemented by evapotranspiration estimates from multi‐temporal Landsat satellite data to account for land use effects. Through principal component analysis, we identified key patterns driving water balance dynamics. The first four components explained 84% of the variance in groundwater and surface water levels, as well as of runoff dynamics. The dominant processes attributed to these components include anthropogenic influences from mining activities, as well as natural hydrogeological effects such as seasonal variability and the damping of the groundwater recharge signal in the unsaturated zone. A separate principal component analysis that included evapotranspiration data explained 87% of the variance, with the first component predominantly reflecting seasonal variations and subsequent components elucidating land use impacts and long‐term vegetation changes. By linking both analyses, we generated comprehensive maps detailing the spatial distribution of effects on regional water balance. Our approach provides a quantitative tool to assess the size and influence of natural and anthropogenic effects on water resources, offering a comprehensive tool for assessing spatial and temporal effects on hydrological dynamics in a lowland region affected by human activities.
Practical Machine Learning Strategies. I. Correcting the MMFF Molecular Mechanics Model to More Accurately Provide Conformational Energy Differences in Flexible Organic Molecules
Authors: Hehre Thomas , Klunzinger Philip E. , Deppmeier Bernard , Ohlinger William , Hehre Warren 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA correction to the MMFF molecular mechanics model, based on a neural network trained to reproduce conformer energy differences obtained from ωB97X‐V/6‐311+G(2df,2p)[6‐311G*]//MMFF calculations is described. It is supported for molecules containing H, C, N, O, F, S, Cl, and Br. The correction adds only slightly to the cost of MMFF, and the resulting corrected model is several orders of magnitude faster than ωB97X‐V/6‐311+G(2df,2p)[6‐311G*]. It properly identifies the lowest energy conformer for 82% of the molecules in a test set of flexible organic molecules (3553 total conformers), compared with 38% for MMFF. While the corrected MMFF model cannot be expected to provide sufficiently accurate Boltzmann weights for use in spectra and property calculations on flexible molecules, it is able to reduce the number of “reasonable” conformers that need to be passed on to more rigorous computational models, that can.
Nucleocapsid Antibodies as an Optimal Serological Marker of SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection: A Longitudinal Study at the Thomayer University Hospital
Authors: Ibrahimová Markéta , Jamriková Vladislava , Pavelková Kateřina , Bořecká Klára 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe longitudinal study was conducted over the initial 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, spanning from June 2020 to December 2022, in healthcare workers (HCWs) of the Thomayer University Hospital. A total of 3892 blood samples were collected and analyzed for total nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of N antibodies, their relationship to the PCR test, spike (S) antibodies, interferon‐gamma, and prediction of reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsBlood collections were performed in three rounds, along with questionnaires addressing clinical symptoms of past infection, PCR testing, and vaccination. Antibody measurements included total N antibodies (Roche Diagnostics) and postvaccination S antibodies (Euroimmun). Cellular immunity was tested by interferon‐gamma release assay (Euroimmun).ResultsAt the end of the study, 35.9% of HCWs were positive for N antibodies, and 39.5% of HCWs had either known PCR positivity or N antibodies or both. Ten percent of participants had no knowledge of a COVID‐19 infection and 35% of positive individuals exhibited no symptoms. The values of positive antibodies decrease over a period of 6 months to 1 year, depending on the initial value, and their dynamics are highly variable. The study also demonstrated that the highest levels of spike antibodies and interferon‐gamma occur during so‐called hybrid immunity.ConclusionNucleocapsid antibodies proved valuable in monitoring SARS‐CoV‐2 infection dynamics, and they may detect cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection missed by PCR tests. The study identified distinct patterns in antibody dynamics and protection of hybrid immunity during reinfection.
Physiological Insights Into the Role of Pericytes in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Jin Haiming , Rawlins Jessica , Chen Yiqi , Zheng Xiaohang , Charlesworth Oscar , Chen Junchun , Wang Gang , Luo Huoling , Cheng Wenxiang , Li Zhong Alan , Zhu Sipin , Xu Jiake 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVascular regeneration plays a vital role in tissue repair yet is drastically impaired in those with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Pericytes are of great significance as they are entwined with vessel‐specific endothelial cells and actively contribute to maintaining the spinal cord's vascular network. Within the neurovascular unit (NVU), subtypes of pericytes characterized by various markers such as PDGFR‐β, Desmin, CD146, and NG‐2 are involved in vascular regeneration in SCI repair. Various pericyte signaling, pericyte‐derived exosomes, and endothelial–pericyte interplay were revealed to participate in SCI repair or fibrotic scars. Through further understanding pericyte biology, it is aimed to accurately generate subtypes of pericytes and develop their therapeutic potential. This review focuses on recent advanced research and development of pericytes as a potential treatment for SCI.
Point of No Return—What Is the Threshold of Mitochondria With Permeability Transition in Cells to Trigger Cell Death
Authors: Kritskaya Kristina A. , Stelmashchuk Olga A. , Abramov Andrey Y. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death (apoptosis) is essential part of the process of tissue regeneration that also plays role in the mechanism of pathology. The phenomenon of fast and transient permeability of mitochondrial membranes by various triggers, known as permeability transition pore (mPTP) leads to the release of proapoptotic proteins and acts as an initial step in initiation of apoptosis. However, a role for mPTP was also suggested for physiology and it is unclear if there is a threshold in number of mitochondria with mPTP which induces cell death and how this mechanism is regulated in different tissues. Using simultaneous measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential and a fluorescent marker for caspase‐3 activation we studied the number of mitochondria with calcium‐induced mPTP opening necessary for induction of apoptosis in rat primary cortical neurons, astrocytes, fibroblasts, and cancer (BT‐474) cells. The induction of apoptosis was correlated with 80%–90% mitochondrial signal loss in neural cells but only 35% in fibroblasts, and in BT‐474 cancer cells over 90% of mitochondria opens mPTP before apoptosis becomes obvious. The number of mitochondria with mPTP which induce cell death did not correlate with total expression levels of proapoptotic proteins but was consistent with the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in these cells. Calcium‐induced mPTP opening increased levels of necrosis which was higher in fibroblasts compared to neurons, astrocytes and BT‐474 cells. Thus, different tissues require specific numbers of mitochondria with PTP opening to induce apoptosis and it correlates to the proapoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins expression ratio in them.
Streamlining incident reporting system: A lean approach to enhance patient and staff safety in a Middle Eastern prehospital emergency care setting
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Alinier Guillaume , Sohail Farid Ahmad , Derbel Emna , Rekik Fatma Babay EP. , Khedhiri Rafik , Alcantara Ma Cleo , Varghuese Anish , Ranjith Abraham , Sidaya Elizabeth , Al Ishaq Moza , Al Shaikh Loua , Laughton James 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIncident reporting in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is vital for enhancing patient safety and system performance, but time constraints often impede efficient documentation. Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service Group (HMCASG) implemented a streamlined “Occurrence, Variance, and Accident” (OVA) reporting system to address these challenges. This study evaluated the effectiveness of this system in reducing incident report completion time. A “Lean” approach was used to streamline the reporting process. Four‐hundred eighty‐two OVA reports (241 baseline, 241 post‐intervention) submitted between September 13 and October 8, 2022, were analyzed. The time taken to complete an OVA report was measured. Statistical analyses included Student t‐tests, bivariate regression, and a Shewhart control chart. The mean time to complete an OVA report decreased significantly from 328.9 to 145.09 seconds (p < 0.05). The Shewhart control chart visually demonstrated the intervention's impact, while regression analysis confirmed its significance (p = 0.007). The streamlined OVA reporting system significantly reduced reporting time, addressing the challenge of balancing incident reporting with emergency response availability. This lean‐based approach enhanced operational efficiency, promoted risk reduction, and strengthened prehospital care's foundation for quality improvement.
Biological Basis of Cell Trafficking: A General Overview
Authors: Gimeno‐Agud Helena , Díaz‐Osorio Yaiza , Oyarzábal Alfonso 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCell trafficking is a tightly regulated biological process for the exchange of signals and metabolites between cell compartments, including four main processes: membrane trafficking (transport of membrane‐bound vesicles), autophagy, transport along the cytoskeleton, and membrane contact sites. These processes are cross‐sectional to cellular functions, ranging from the transportation of membrane proteins, membranes, and organelles to the elimination of damaged proteins and organelles. In consequence, cell trafficking is crucial for cell survival and homeostasis, serving as a cornerstone for cellular communication and facilitating interactions both with the surrounding environment and between different organelles. Disorders of cell trafficking are clinically and pathophysiological diverse and complex and form the largest group in the recent International Classification of Inherited Metabolic Disorders (ICIMD). In this review, we explore the four categories of cell trafficking and the biological principles that drive these processes. Instead of delving profoundly into each pathway, as comprehensive reviews on those topics already exist, we offer a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms behind cell trafficking, providing a foundational understanding to ease their entry into this subject and enhance comprehension of the other articles featured in this Special Issue.