bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State of the Stratosphere Throughout the Seasons: How Well Can Atmospheric Models Explain Infrasound Observations at Regional Distances?
Authors: Pilger Christoph , Hupe Patrick , Koch Karl 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe stratosphere is the atmospheric layer with the strongest impact on long-range infrasound propagation. Natural and anthropogenic infrasound signals are efficiently ducted between refraction altitudes of 30 to 60 km and reflections on the ground and are thus propagated to infrasound receivers over long distances. The direction of favorable stratospheric ducting depends on the state of the atmosphere, primarily driven by the seasonal variation of stratospheric winds. This study uses a dataset of ground-truth infrasound events over two decades and all seasons to assess the station detectability and atmospheric model performance to correctly estimate according station observations and propagation conditions. From 2000 to 2019, the German Aerospace Center facility in Lampoldshausen has conducted ignition tests of the Ariane 5 main rocket engine. Out of the 159 engine tests considered in this study, 71 were observed at the infrasound array IS26 in the Bavarian forest, located eastward at 320 km distance. Observations were mostly made during wintertime, whereas reversed stratospheric wind patterns during summertime inhibited signal detections. A significant portion of wintertime non-detections however corresponded to stratospheric profiles that should enable signal observations. Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric model analyses and infrasound ray tracing only two-thirds of the non-detections could be explained by the existence of a near-station acoustic shadow zone. It must thus be concluded that the applied atmospheric model is more often than expected unable to correctly explain infrasound propagation and observation at regional distances.
Mental health and COVID-19 in a general population cohort in Spain (COVICAT study)
Authors: Goldberg X. , Castaño-Vinyals G. , Espinosa A. , Carreras A. , Liutsko L. , Sicuri E. , Foraster M. , O’Callaghan-Gordo C. , Dadvand P. , Moncunill G. , Dobaño C. , Cortés B. , Pleguezuelos V. , Straif K. , Garcia-Aymerich J. , de Cid R. , Cardis E. , Kogevinas M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mental health conditions may affect outcome of COVID-19 disease, while exposure to stressors during the pandemic may impact mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine these factors in relation to ocurrence of depression and anxiety after the first outbreak in Spain.

Methods
We contacted 9515 participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between May and October 2020. We drew blood samples to establish infection to the virus. Pre-pandemic mental health conditions were confirmed through Electronic Health Registries. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess severe depression and anxiety post-pandemic. Exposure to proximal, financial and wider environment stressors during the lockdown were collected. We calculated Relative Risks (RR), adjusting for individual- and contextual covariates.

Results
Pre-pandemic mental health disorders were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection , but were associated with severity of COVID-19 disease. People with pre-existing mental health disorders showed higher prevalence of severe depression (25.4%) and anxiety (37.8%) than those without prior mental disorders (4.9% and 10.1%). Living alone was a strong predictor of severe depression among mental health patients (RR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2). Among those without prior mental health disorders, post-lockdown depression and anxiety were associated with household interpersonal conflicts (RR = 2.6, 95% CI 2.1–3.1; RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.9–2.4) and financial instability (RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.8–2.9; 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.2).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown were associated with increased post-lockdown depression and anxiety. Patients with pre-existing mental health conditions are a vulnerable group for severe COVID-19 disease.
Geographical accessibility to upper secondary education: an Italian regional case study
Authors: Bruno Giuseppe , Cavola Manuel , Diglio Antonio , Piccolo Carmela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a spatial analysis is performed to measure students’ access to the upper secondary education system. Based on the definition of quantitative indicators, the adopted approach is applied to an Italian regional case by exploiting the capabilities of a GIS software and using census tracts’ level data. The obtained results highlight geographical patterns of inequalities in access among students and shed light on the least served areas. Further analysis shows that accessibility reflects the degree of urbanization within the study region and that geographical distances are actual barriers to rural students since they are not compensated for by either economic status or the availability of digital infrastructures. The study offers empirical grounds to inform the decision-making process toward equity-in-access oriented interventions. Longer-term actions, as the activation of new schools (network expansion), the activation of new programs (service expansion) or the redistribution of their supply among the current network (network reorganization), as well as mid-term ones, like offering economic support for students’ mobility, or reinforcing digital connectivity, emerge as relevant to mitigate social exclusion.
A robust embedded load cell sensor for tool life prognosis and smart sawing of medium carbon steel
Authors: Tsai Ping-Chi , Jeng Yeau-Ren , Tseng Chien-Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn embedded load cell sensor is proposed for the tool life prognosis and thrust force control of a band saw machine. The sensor enables the tool life and surface quality of the machined workpiece to be effectively improved through the use of a single sensing device strategically located in the cutting machine. The feasibility of the proposed sensor is demonstrated experimentally using a double-column horizontal sawing machine with medium carbon steel bars as the workpiece material. An investigation is performed into the effects of the cutting force, feed rate, and machining time on the machined workpiece’s tool wear and surface roughness. It is shown that the machined workpiece’s thrust force, tool wear, and surface roughness are strongly correlated and increase over time. Based on the experimental results, a feedback control system is proposed for maintaining a constant thrust force on the band saw during cutting under even the most challenging conditions. Overall, the results confirm that a single embedded load cell sensor located in a key position can provide effective force monitoring. Such force monitoring enables a control methodology to maintain the optimal cutting conditions in the sawing of medium carbon steel and improve the tool life and machined part quality.
Analytical evaluation of carotenoids, apocarotenoids, capsaicinoids, and phenolics to assess the effect of a protective treatment on chili peppers dried at different temperatures
Authors: Grimaldi Maria , Cavazza Antonella , Pitirollo Olimpia , Zoccali Mariosimone , Mondello Luigi , Giuffrida Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe most common preservation process for chili peppers is drying, which inevitably causes oxidative degradation of thermolabile molecules. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential protective effect exerted by an active ingredient based on grape seed oil, on pepper fruits. Grapeseed oil is rich in antioxidant compounds and was applied to pepper’s surface in form of a sol–gel product, before fruit thermal treatment. In this work, chili peppers samples were preventively treated with an active solution, and controls (untreated peppers), were submitted to a drying process performed at two different temperatures: 45 and 65 °C. Analysis of capsaicinoids, carotenoids, apocarotenoids, and phenolic content was performed to evaluate possible differences between the sets of samples. Oxidative stability of oil enriched with chili pepper powder aliquots was also measured to evaluate the antioxidant power of the samples. Obtained data showed that treated samples retained a higher amount of capsaicinoids and carotenoids. Oxidative stability of pepper powder was also higher for treated samples than for controls. Furthermore, the thermal treatment performed at 45 °C caused milder modifications than the 65 °C treatment. The applied pre-drying treatment can be proposed to prevent bioactive compounds loss and to enhance product stability and shelf-life.
Are polymorphisms affecting serum urate, renal urate handling and alcohol intake associated with co-morbidities in gout cases? A case–control study using data from the UK Biobank
Authors: Sandoval-Plata Gabriela , Morgan Kevin , Abhishek Abhishek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo examine the association between common comorbidities, eGFR and loci involved in the hyperuricaemia-gout transition. This study was conducted in people with gout from the UK Biobank. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) with the following variants: rs1260326(GCKR), rs16890979(SLC2A9), rs2231142(ABCG2), rs1229984(ADH1B) and rs2078267(SLC22A11) and adjusted for age, sex and 10-principal components. Linear regression was used to examine the association with eGFR. 7,049 participants with gout were included. After adjusting for multiple testing, there was a statistically significant positive association between urate lowering allele at SLC2A9 and hypertension, and negative association between urate raising allele at ABCG2 and hypertension (OR 1.17 and OR 0.86, respectively). Number of urate lowering risk alleles associated with hypertension [OR (95%CI) 1.13 (1.06–1.21)]. High eGFR associated with urate raising allele at rs2231142 (β = 1.38). The SNP in ADH1B that protects from alcohol excess showed a negative association with IHD (OR 0.53). Unlike in general population studies urate lowering genetic variants associate with hypertension in gout patients with dose–response. This may be due to high prevalence of other risk factors of hypertension such as obesity, poor diet etc. and needs validation in independent datasets.
Dense velocity reconstruction with VIC-based time-segment assimilation
Authors: Scarano Fulvio , Schneiders Jan F. G. , Saiz Gabriel Gonzalez , Sciacchitano Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe vortex-in-cell time-segment assimilation (VIC-TSA) method is introduced. A particle track is obtained from a finite number of successive time samples of the tracer’s position and velocity can be used for reconstruction on a Cartesian grid. Similar to the VIC + technique, the method makes use of the vortex-in-cell paradigm to produce estimates of the flow state at locations and times other than the measured ones. The working principle requires time-resolved measurements of the particles’ velocity during a finite time interval. The work investigates the effects of the assimilated length on the spatial resolution of the velocity field reconstruction. The working hypotheses of the VIC-TSA method are presented here along with the numerical algorithm for its application to particle tracks datasets. The novel parameter governing the reconstruction is the length of the time-segment chosen for the data assimilation. Three regimes of operation are identified, based on the track length and the geometrical distance between neighbouring tracks. The regime of adjacent tracks arguably provides the optimal trade-off between spatial resolution and computational effort. The VIC-TSA spatial resolution is evaluated first by a numerical exercise; a 3D sine wave lattice is reconstructed at different values of the particles concentration. The modulation appears to reduce (cut-off delay) when the time-segment length is increased. Large-scale PIV experiments in the wake of a circular cylinder at Red = 27,000 are used to evaluate the method’s suitability to real data, including noise and data outliers. Both primary vortex structures in the Kármán wake as well as interconnecting ribs are present in this complex flow field, with a typical diameter close to the average inter-particle distance. When the time-segment is increased to adjacent tracks and beyond, a more regular time dependence of local and Lagrangian properties is observed, confirming the suitability of the time-segment assimilation for accurate reconstruction of sparse velocity data.
Graphical abstract
Cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia: an umbrella review
Authors: Gebreegziabhere Yohannes , Habatmu Kassahun , Mihretu Awoke , Cella Matteo , Alem Atalay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Quite a number of systematic reviews were published related to cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia (PWS). This umbrella review, therefore, aimed at reviewing and synthesizing the findings of systematic reviews related to domains of cognition impaired and associated factors in PWS. We searched four electronic databases. Data related to domains, occurrence, and associated factors of cognitive impairment in PWS were extracted. The quality of all eligible systematic reviews was assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess methodological quality of systematic Review (AMSTAR) tool. Results are summarized and presented in a narrative form. We identified 63 systematic reviews fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The included reviews showed that PWS had lower cognitive functioning compared to both healthy controls and people with affective disorders. Similar findings were reported among psychotropic free cases and people with first episode psychosis. Greater impairment of cognition was reported in processing speed, verbal memory, and working memory domains. Greater cognitive impairment was reported to be associated with worse functionality and poor insight. Cognitive impairment was also reported to be associated with childhood trauma and aggressive behaviour. According to our quality assessment, the majority of the reviews had moderate quality. We were able to find a good number of systematic reviews on cognitive impairment in PWS. The reviews showed that PWS had higher impairment in different cognitive domains compared to healthy controls and people with affective disorders. Impairment in domains of memory and processing speed were reported frequently.
Resurrection of sildenafil: potential for Huntington’s Disease, too?
Authors: Achenbach Jannis , Faissner Simon , Saft Carsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil was postulated to reduce the risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. Since preclinical data revealed beneficial effects in Huntington’s Disease (HD), we now for the first time investigated effects of sildenafil in HD patients using the database ENROLL-HD. We demonstrate beneficial effects on motoric, functional and cognitive capacities in cross-sectional data. Those effects were not explained by underlying fundamental molecular genetic or demographic data. It remains unsolved, if effects are due to behavioral differences or due to direct dose-dependent neurobiological modulations.
Differences in morbidity and mortality between unilateral adrenalectomy for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome and bilateral adrenalectomy for therapy refractory extra-adrenal Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Reibetanz Joachim , Kelm Matthias , Uttinger Konstantin L. , Reuter Miriam , Schlegel Nicolas , Hankir Mohamed , Wiegering Verena , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Fassnacht Martin , Lock Johan Friso , Wiegering Armin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
In selected cases of severe Cushing’s syndrome due to uncontrolled ACTH secretion, bilateral adrenalectomy appears unavoidable. Compared with unilateral adrenalectomy (for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome), bilateral adrenalectomy has a perceived higher perioperative morbidity. The aim of the current study was to compare both interventions in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome regarding postoperative outcomes.

Methods
We report a single-center, retrospective cohort study comparing patients with hypercortisolism undergoing bilateral vs. unilateral adrenalectomy during 2008–2021. Patients with adrenal Cushing’s syndrome due to adenoma were compared with patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (Cushing’s disease and ectopic ACTH production) focusing on postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as long-term survival.

Results
Of 83 patients with adrenalectomy for hypercortisolism (65.1% female, median age 53 years), the indication for adrenalectomy was due to adrenal Cushing’s syndrome in 60 patients (72.2%; 59 unilateral and one bilateral), and due to hypercortisolism caused by Cushing’s disease (n = 16) or non-pituitary uncontrolled ACTH secretion of unknown origin (n = 7) (27.7% of all adrenalectomies). Compared with unilateral adrenalectomy (n = 59), patients with bilateral adrenalectomy (n = 24) had a higher rate of severe complications (0% vs. 33%; p < 0.001) and delayed recovery (median: 10.2% vs. 79.2%; p < 0.001). Using the MTL30 marker, patients with bilateral adrenalectomy fared worse than patients after unilateral surgery (MTL30 positive: 7.2% vs. 25.0% p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality was increased in patients with bilateral adrenalectomy (0% vs. 8.3%; p = 0.081).

Conclusion
While unilateral adrenalectomy for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome represents a safe and definitive therapeutic option, bilateral adrenalectomy to control ACTH-dependent extra-adrenal Cushing’s syndrome or Cushing’s disease is a more complicated intervention with a mortality of nearly 10%.
Feasibility and application of polygenic score analysis to the morphology of human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Coleman Jonathan R. I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified thousands of significant associations between genetic variants and complex traits. Inferring biological insights from these associations has been challenging. One approach attempted has been to examine the effects of individual variants in cellular models. Here, I demonstrate the feasibility of examining the aggregate effect of many variants on cellular phenotypes. I examine the effects of polygenic scores for cross-psychiatric disorder risk, schizophrenia, body mass index and height on cellular morphology, using 1.5 million induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from 60 European-ancestry donors from the Human iPSC Initiative dataset. I show that measuring multiple cells per donor provides sufficient power for polygenic score analyses, and that cross-psychiatric disorder risk is associated with cell area (p = 0.004). Combined with emerging methods of high-throughput iPSC phenotyping, cellular polygenic scoring is a promising method for understanding potential biological effects of the polygenic component of complex traits.
Resource-constrained FPGA implementation of YOLOv2
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Mahmud M. A. Parvez , Kouzani Abbas Z. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProgress is being made to deploy convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into the Internet of Things (IoT) edge devices for handling image analysis tasks locally. These tasks require low-latency and low-power computation on low-resource IoT edge devices. However, CNN-based algorithms, e.g. YOLOv2, typically contain millions of parameters. With the increase in the CNN’s depth, filters are increased by a power of two. A large number of filters and operations could lead to frequent off-chip memory access that affects the operation speed and power consumption of the device. Therefore, it is a challenge to map a deep CNN into a low-resource edge IoT platform. To address this challenge, we present a resource-constrained Field-Programmable Gate Array implementation of YOLOv2 with optimized data transfer and computing efficiency. Firstly, a scalable cross-layer dataflow strategy is proposed which allows on-chip data transfer between different types of layers, and offers flexible off-chip data transfer when the intermediate results are unaffordable on-chip. Next, a filter-level data-reuse dataflow strategy together with a filter-level parallel multiply-accumulate operation computing processing elements array is developed. Finally, multi-level sliding buffers are developed to optimize the convolutional computing loop and reuse the input feature maps and weights. Experiment results show that our implementation has achieved 4.8 W of low-power consumption for executing YOLOv2, an 8-bit deep CNN containing 50.6 MB weights, using low-resource of 8.3 Mbits on-chip memory. The throughput and power efficiency are 100.33 GOP/s and 20.90 GOP/s/W, respectively.
Nonlocal integral elasticity for third-order small-scale beams
Authors: Vaccaro Marzia Sara , Barretta Raffaele , Marotti de Sciarra Francesco , Reddy Junuthula N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmall-scale beams are basic structural components of miniaturized electro-mechanical systems whose design requires accurate modeling of size effects. In this research, the size-dependent behavior of nonlocal elastic beams is investigated by adopting the stress-driven elasticity theory. Kinematics of beams is modeled by the Reddy variational third-order beam theory accounting for the effective distribution of shear stresses on cross sections without needing the evaluation of shear correction factors. Stress-driven integral elasticity is thus extended to third-order small-scale beams providing an equivalent constitutive formulation with boundary conditions. The relevant nonlocal elastic equilibrium problem is formulated and an analytical strategy is proposed to obtain closed-form solutions. The present approach is elucidated by solving some structural problems of current interest in Nanotechnology.
Tongue cancer following hematopoietic cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Mattia , Anesi Alexandre , Pellacani Arrigo , Negrello Sara , Natale Annalisa , Figurelli Sabina , Vaddinelli Doriana , Angelini Stefano , Chiarini Luigi , Nocini Riccardo , Di Bartolomeo Paolo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence and the clinical outcome of tongue cancer (TC) in patients affected by Fanconi anemia (FA) who received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Materials and methods
The patient database from the Bone Marrow Transplant Center of Pescara was reviewed to enroll FA patients. Patients’, donors’, HCT’s, and screening’s data were collected as well to look for the incidence and the treatment of TC.

Results
Twelve patients affected by FA were identified. Three patients died for transplant-related causes. Five of nine surviving patients were diagnosed with TC at a median of 21.7 years since transplantation and at a median age of 32.10 years. Interestingly, no patient manifested graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). The 28-year cumulative incidence function of TC was 46.9% (95% CI, 36.9–56.9%). Two patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, two patients were treated with surgery alone, and one with surgery followed by chemotherapy. Overall, 4 patients with TC showed a clinical course characterized by a marked aggressiveness of the tumor disease which led to death due to cancer progression between 2 and 13 months. One patient is surviving 8 months after diagnosis of TC.

Conclusions
Our study confirms the high incidence of tumors and in particular tongue tumors in allotransplanted FA patients. A careful screening has to be life-long maintained.

Clinical relevance
Considering the rarity of FA and the frailty of FA patients, this study may add important information for the cancer management of these patients.