bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Pulsed Laser Parameters and Scanning Pattern on the Properties of Thin-Walled Parts Manufactured Using Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Al-Hammadi Gamal , Saleheen Kazi Mojtaba , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Liu Huanqiang , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe quality of parts manufactured using laser metal deposition (LMD), similar to other additive manufacturing methods, is influenced by processing parameters. Such parameters determine geometric stability, favorable microstructures, and good mechanical properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pulsed laser parameters (duty cycle and pulse frequency) and scanning patterns (unidirectional and bidirectional patterns) on the properties of parts fabricated using LMD. Results show that the properties of the LMD-fabricated parts are obviously influenced by pulsed laser parameters and scanning patterns. Using the unidirectional scanning pattern in both pulsed laser parameters enhances the properties of the thin-walled parts prepared using LMD. An increase in duty cycle can improve geometric stability, increase grain size, and reduce microhardness. Furthermore, the geometric stability does not vary considerably with the use of different frequencies, but the microstructure of fabricated parts shows various grain sizes with different pulse frequencies. In addition, the microhardness increases as the frequency increases from 13.33 to 50 Hz. In general, the influence of the duty cycle on geometric properties is greater than that of frequency. Meanwhile, the impact of frequency on microhardness is greater than that of the duty cycle.
Deprescribing practices, habits and attitudes of geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training across Europe: a large web-based survey
Authors: van Poelgeest Eveline P. , Seppala Lotta J. , Lee Jihoo M. , Bahat Gülistan , Ilhan Birkan , Lavan Amanda H. , Mair Alpana , van Marum Rob J. , Onder Graziano , Ryg Jesper , Fernandes Marília Andreia , Garfinkel Doron , Guðmundsson Aðalsteinn , Hartikainen Sirpa , Kotsani Marina , Montero-Errasquín Beatriz , Neumann-Podczaska Agnieszka , Pazan Farhad , Petrovic Mirko , Soulis George , Vankova Hana , Wehling Martin , Wieczorowska–Tobis Katarzyna , van der Velde Nathalie ,   On Behalf of the EuGMS SIG Pharmacology
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To provide an overview of the current deprescribing attitudes, practices, and approaches of geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training across Europe.

Methods
An online survey was disseminated among European geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training. The survey comprised Likert scale and multiple-choice questions on deprescribing approaches and practices, deprescribing education and knowledge, and facilitators/barriers of deprescribing. Responses to the survey questions and participant characteristics were quantified and differences evaluated between geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training and between European regions.

Results
The 964 respondents (median age 42 years old; 64% female; 21% geriatricians-in-training) were generally willing to deprescribe (98%) and felt confident about deprescribing (85%). Despite differences across European regions, the most commonly reported reasons for deprescribing were functional impairment and occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The most important barriers for deprescribing were patients’ unwillingness, fear of negative consequences, lack of time, and poor communication between multiple prescribers. Perceived risk of adverse drug reactions was highest for psychotropic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular drugs, and opioid analgesics. Only one in four respondents (23% of geriatricians and 37% of geriatricians-in-training) think education in medical school had sufficiently prepared them for deprescribing in clinical practice. They reported that their future deprescribing activities would probably increase with improved information sharing between various prescribers, deprescribing recommendations in guidelines, and increased education and training. Approximately 90% think that a paradigm shift is required for prescribers and patients, increasing focus on the possible benefits of deprescribing (potentially) inappropriate medications.

Conclusions
Based on the outcomes of this survey, we recommend investing in improved inter-professional communication, better education and evidence-based recommendations to improve future patient-centered deprescribing practices.
Trends and Characteristics of New Drug Approvals in China, 2011–2021
Authors: Su Ling , Liu Sen , Li Guanqiao , Xie Cuicui , Yang Huan , Liu Yang , Yin Chen , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In the past decade, the Chinese drug regulatory system has undergone many changes. A major reform starting in 2015 has significantly reshaped the regulatory processes. It was important to assess the impact of the reform on new drug approvals in China.

Method
We analyzed the temporal trends of regulatory characteristics of the new drugs approved by the Chinese regulatory agency from 2011 to 2021, using data collected in the Pharmcube database.

Results
A total of 353 new drugs were approved, including 220 small molecule drugs, 86 biological products and 47 vaccines. The annual number of new drug approvals increased dramatically since 2017, reaching a record high of 70 in 2021. The median NDA approval time was 15.4 months in 2017-2021, the shortest in the decade, and was significantly shorter than that in the pre-reform period. The newly instituted expedited pathways such as priority review (PR) and accelerated approval for urgently needed overseas drugs (UNOD) significantly reduced new drug application (NDA) approval times compared with standard review. For imported drugs, in 2017-2021, the median time difference between the first approval in the world and the approval in China was 5 years, representing significant “drug lag”. However, the proportion of the imported drugs approved in China within 3 years of its first foreign approval has increased to 24.4% in 2017-2021.

Conclusion
The regulatory reform has produced significant, positive immediate outcomes in several metrics of drug regulatory approval. China’s regulatory system will continue to evolve as there still are many areas requiring further reform and improvement.
Three Criteria for Evaluating Social Programs
Authors: García Jorge Luis , Heckman James Joseph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the economic foundations of three criteria used for evaluating the costs and benefits of social programs. Some criteria do not consider the scale of programs or address the costs associated with programs that expand or contract the total government budget. A recent addition to the list of evaluation criteria – the marginal value of public funds – does not adopt a social optimality perspective. It evaluates the optimality of expenditures assuming a predetermined aggregate budget without considering the social costs of raising that budget.
Non-Gaussianity of optical emission lines in SDSS star-forming galaxies and its implications on galactic outflows
Authors: Yu B. P. Brian , Angthopo James , Ferreras Ignacio , Wu Kinwah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe shape of emission lines in the optical spectra of star-forming galaxies reveals the kinematics of the diffuse gaseous component. We analyse the shape of prominent emission lines in a sample of$\sim$53000 star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, focusing on departures from gaussianity. Departures from a single gaussian profile allow us to probe the motion of gas and to assess the role of outflows. The sample is divided into groups according to their stellar velocity dispersion and star formation rate (SFR). The spectra within each group are stacked to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the emission lines, to remove individual signatures, and to enhance the effect of SFR on the shapes of the emission lines. The moments of the emission lines, including kurtosis and skewness, are determined. We find that most of the emission lines in strong star-forming systems unequivocally feature negative kurtosis. This signature is present in$\mathrm{H}\unicode{x03B2}$,$\mathrm{H}\unicode{x03B1}$, [N ii], and [S ii] in massive galaxies with high SFRs. We attribute it as evidence of radial outflows of ionised gas driven by the star formation of the galaxies. Also, most of the emission lines in low-mass systems with high SFRs feature negative skewness, and we interpret it as evidence of dust obscuration in the galactic disk. These signatures are however absent in the [O iii] line, which is believed to trace a different gas component. The observed trend is significantly stronger in face-on galaxies, indicating that star formation drives the outflows along the galactic rotation axis, presumably the path of least resistance. The data suggest that outflows driven by star formation exert accumulated impacts on the interstellar medium, and the outflow signature is more evident in older galaxies as they have experienced a longer total duration of star formation.
Demographics and host-kill parameters of Diglyphus horticola Khan against Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)
Authors: Katoch S. , Sharma P. L. , Verma S. C. , Chandel R. S. , Sharma P. , Sharma N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe pea leafminer, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a polyphagous and serious pest of peas. In India, this pest is attacked by many parasitoids and among them Diglyphus horticola Khan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an important one, however, demographics and pest-kill potential of this parasitoid has not been studied so far. This study presents the first report on its demographics and pest-kill potential on C. horticola. The parasitoid showed three modes of host-killing behaviour viz. host-feeding, parasitism and host-stinging. The parasitoid females killed more number of hosts by parasitism than host-feeding or host-stinging. The pre-adult survival, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were higher on the 5-days old host larvae than those reared on the 3-days old larvae. Demographics and pest-kill parameters of D. horticola were also better on 5-days old host larvae than on 3-days old host larvae. Based on the study, D. horticola appeared to be a promising biocontrol agent for the suppression of C. horticola in peas and could be promoted through conservation biological control. Further studies are required to standardize the mass production protocol and release rates to use the parasitoid by augmentation.
ALL ROADS LEAD TO BORDEAUX: PROVINCIAL GEOGRAPHY IN LATE ANTIQUITY
Authors: Schwennicke Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores the geographical outlook of the late antique author Ausonius of Bordeaux (c.310–395c.e.). It offers close readings of his poems on roads, oysters and cities, and situates him within the vibrant geographical debates of his day. Section I, on roads, argues that an overlooked passage inEpistula24 reflects attested routes through Gaul, and that other passages in Ausonius’ letters are similarly influenced by ‘hodological’ ways of thinking. Section II, on oysters, identifies a new geographic mode, ‘teleports’, inEpistula3, a poem in a long tradition of works that use oysters to chart imperial space and map cultural landscapes. Section III, on cities, brings the recent paradigm of ‘landmarks’ to bear on theOrdo nobilium urbium, arguing that Ausonius uses the catalogue form both to articulate imperial unity and to express pride in his homeland of Gaul. This article thus advances our understanding of three related aspects of late antique geography: it demonstrates the importance of literary texts for discussions of cultural geography; shows how conceptions of space were influenced by provincial identity; and provides further evidence of the great diversity of Roman understandings of space.
harmonic 1-forms on hypersurfaces with finite index
Authors: Chao Xiaoli , Shen Bin , Zhang Miaomiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present note, we establish a finiteness theorem for
$L^p$
harmonic 1-forms on hypersurfaces with finite index, which is an extension of the result of Choi and Seo (J. Geom. Phys.129 (2018), 125–132).
A characterization of potent rings
Authors: Oman Greg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn associative ring R is called potent provided that for every
$x\in R$
, there is an integer
$n(x)>1$
such that
$x^{n(x)}=x$
. A celebrated result of N. Jacobson is that every potent ring is commutative. In this note, we show that a ring R is potent if and only if every nonzero subring S of R contains a nonzero idempotent. We use this result to give a generalization of a recent result of Anderson and Danchev for reduced rings, which in turn generalizes Jacobson’s theorem.
Labor and Finance: The Effect of Bank Relationships
Authors: Behr Patrick , Norden Lars , de Freitas Oliveira Raquel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether firms’ number of credit relationships with financial institutions affects labor market outcomes. Using 5 million observations on matched credit and labor panel data from Brazil, we estimate IV regressions, employing exogenous variation in firm-lender relationships due to nationwide bank M&A activity. Firms with more relationships employ more workers and pay higher wage bills. Credit availability, cost of credit, and financial institution heterogeneity are economic channels. The firm-level results translate into positive macroeconomic effects in municipalities and states. The evidence is novel and indicates the positive effects of multiple relationships on labor market outcomes in an emerging economy.
A systematic scoping review of tiger conservation in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayas
Authors: Yadav Pramod K. , Brownlee Matthew T. J. , Kapoor Mohnish 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the last decade the tigerPanthera tigrispopulation in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayas has increased, while populations in other countries have remained below their conservation targets. Although there has been some research on tiger conservation in the Terai Arc Landscape and the Himalayas, scientists and managers have not catalogued and characterized tiger research in the region, with empirical findings scattered among disparate document types, journals and countries. Without a review of the tiger research in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayan region, it is difficult to analyse or change conservation policies, develop adaptation strategies, prioritize research, allocate resources or develop conservation strategies potentially employable elsewhere. We therefore conducted a systematic scoping review to identify focal research areas, the spatial and temporal distribution of study sites, general publication trends, the extent of empirical studies, and gaps in tiger conservation research in this region (which spans Bhutan, India and Nepal). Since 2000, 216 studies have been published on issues associated with tiger conservation in the Terai Arc Landscape and Himalayas, with an increasing number over time. Most empirical studies have focused on tiger habitat, ecology and conflicts in protected areas in the region's foothills. There are research gaps in high-altitude landscapes, social science investigations, conservation economics, and policy and institutional analyses.
How odd: Diverging effects of predictability and plausibility violations on sentence reading and word memory
Authors: Haeuser Katja I. , Kray Jutta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow do violations of predictability and plausibility affect online language processing? How does it affect longer-term memory and learning when predictions are disconfirmed by plausible or implausible words? We investigated these questions using a self-paced sentence reading and noun recognition task. Critical sentences violated predictability or plausibility or both, for example, “Since Anne is afraid of spiders, she doesn’t like going down into the … basement (predictable, plausible), garden (unpredictable, somewhat plausible), moon (unpredictable, deeply implausible).” Results from sentence reading showed earlier-emerging effects of predictability violations on the critical noun, but later-emerging effects of plausibility violations after the noun. Recognition memory was exclusively enhanced for deeply implausible nouns. The earlier-emerging predictability effect indicates that having word form predictions disconfirmed is registered very early in the processing stream, irrespective of semantics. The later-emerging plausibility effect supports models that argue for a staged architecture of reading comprehension, where plausibility only affects a post-lexical integration stage. Our memory results suggest that, in order to facilitate memory and learning, a certain magnitude of prediction error is required.
SUSTENANCE AND STRIFE. STANDARDS OF LIVING AND FAMILY VULNERABILITY DURING SPAIN'S INDUSTRIALISATION. THE BILBAO ESTUARY, 1914-1935
Authors: Houpt Stefan , Rojo Cagigal Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTDid industrialisation improve standards of living in interwar industrial Spain? We seek to contrast this empirically with high frequency data from 1914 until 1936 for the Bilbao area, an emerging industrial centre. Contrary to existing historiography suggesting that overall standards of living improved, we find that welfare ratios remained at the same level and, at times, fluctuated significantly below sustenance levels. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were highly responsive to short-term real wage shocks driven by food price increases and the delay in nominal wage increases. Interwar industrialisation provided improvements, but did not provide protection from recurring deprivations and these may have constituted an important part of future political and socioeconomic polarisation and violence.
Popular Contention and Progressive Legal Repression in China
Authors: He Huan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow do state authorities cope with popular contention under authoritarian legality? Based on ethnographic fieldwork and legal repression cases in China, this article highlights that conflicting rules and signals regarding contention management can impose considerable pressure on governments and motivate them to respond cautiously, even though the prevailing rhetoric of law-based governance provides a convenient basis on which authorities can legitimize their coercive actions. This study further theorizes a discreet pattern of government reaction under authoritarian legality – progressive legal repression – that rests on bureaucratic processing to overcome political uncertainty and lower potential risks before formally employing criminal sanctions to achieve domination. Instead of directly using criminal penalties to deter unruly protesters and potential dissenters, the preferred state action is to induce them to engage in available legal-bureaucratic procedures. By reconceptualizing protesters’ claims and behaviour as unreasonable and signalling fulfilment of responsibilities, bureaucratic practices help officials to reduce the risks of damaging their political image and receiving disciplinary action, encouraging them to deploy legal repression. This study reveals more complicated dynamics of state repression under authoritarian legality and emphasizes the important effects of procedural practices on governmental responses and the regime's stability.
Proletarian Power Misplaced: The Worker Propaganda Teams in Shanghai during the Cultural Revolution
Authors: Chen Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 1968, at the height of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (CR hereafter), Mao Zedong mobilized industrial workers to form Workers’ Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Teams (WPT hereafter) and to “occupy” the superstructure. This move empowered the working class in an unprecedented way. Did Mao's move bring about a new model of worker power under communism that was distinct from Lenin's vanguardist model and Rosa Luxemburg's model based on her perception of workers’ spontaneity and creativity? In contrast to the workers’ spontaneous rebel groups during the first two years of the CR, the WPTs were a quasi-institutionalized form of worker power created by the political elite to serve the CR agenda. It was also the Mao leadership's attempt to realize the leading role of the working class by absorbing workers into the structure of political authority, an attempt which reflected the Party's declared ideological principle. While the WPTs provided workers with opportunities to participate in politics, they were a misplacement of worker power in both social and organizational senses. The article examines the roots of this power misplacement and explores the dilemmas it brought for the Party as well as the working class itself, and why.
The Politics of the Bagatelle: Opera and Smallpox Inoculation in Enlightenment France
Authors: Doe Julia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines the production and reception history of C. S. Favart'sLa fête du château, commissioned by a French noblewoman, the Marquise of Monconseil, to mark her granddaughter's inoculation against smallpox in 1766. The first half of the article situates thevaudevillecomedy at the Bagatelle (Monconseil's private theatre), underscoring the gendered tropes that had accrued to the disease in the late eighteenth century and the function of elite sociability in promoting its prevention. The second half of the article reconstructs the public trajectory of the work, which was presented at Versailles after the controversial inoculation of Louis XVI in 1774. Notably, the agent behind this theatrical public-health campaign was the queen, Marie Antoinette. A consideration ofLa fête du château's popularity and influence broadens our understanding of the conditions under whichancien-régimeopera took on political meaning, as well as the role of women patrons and consumers in this process.
Endometrial cell-derived conditioned medium in combination with platelet-rich plasma promotes the development of mouse ovarian follicles
Authors: Taghizabet Neda , Rezaei-Tazangi Fatemeh , Mousavi Mahboubeh , Dehghani Farzaneh , Zareifard Nehleh , Shabani Soha , Bahmanpour Soghra , Aliakbari Fereshteh , Sadeghzadeh Zahra , Dortaj Hengameh , Chakerzehi Arezoo , Mohseni Gholamreza 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFertility preservation is one of the most important issues in assisted reproductive technology. Previous studies have shown that cytokines and growth factors can improve follicle growth. The endometrial stromal cells secrete various factors that are involved in maintaining the integrity of uterine and epithelial secretory function. The platelet-rich plasma contains a large assembly of platelets suspended in plasma that successfully improves the viability and growth of various cell lines. This work aimed to investigate the influences of conditioned medium (CM) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the development of ovarian follicles in infertile mice due to cyclophosphamide (CYC) exposure. In this study, 65 healthy BALB/c female mice (∼28–30 g and 6-8 weeks old) in five groups were studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9)-positive cells. The mRNA expression levels of SMAD1, SMAD2, and BMP15 was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The expression levels of SMAD1, GDF9, BMP15, and SMAD2 in the CM+PRP group was significantly more than in the CM and PRP groups. In addition, live birth occurred in the CM+PRP group. Treatment with CM+PRP in infertile mice due to Cy exposure increased fertility and live-birth rate. In general, our study suggested that the CM and PRP combination could improve the growth of mice ovarian follicles in vivo.