bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of Przhevalskiana silenus derived recombinant hypodermin C based indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis of goat warble fly myiasis
Authors: Yadav Anish , Rafiqi Shafiya Imtiaz , Yadav Vikas , Kushwaha Anand , Godara Rajesh , Sood Shilpa , Bhat Mohd Altaf , Katoch Rajesh , Panadero-Fontán Rosario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGoat warble fly infestation (GWFI) is a subcutaneous myiasis caused by larvae of Przhevalskiana silenus, an insect belonging to the order Diptera. The diagnosis of GWFI is challenging in the early larval instars (L1 and L2) as they are occult under the skin and hair coat causing prolonged economic loss in form of meat and hide damage. This necessitates early diagnosis for disease control at herd level and its prophylactic management to prevent economic losses. Hypodermins, a class of serine proteases from Hypoderminae subfamily have been used as serodiagnostic antigens for the past four decades for diagnosis of warble fly myiasis. In this study,the immunodominant antigen Hypodermin C (HyC) from P. silenus has been recombinantly expressed in E. coli and immunogenic characterisation of expressed protein was done. The protein shows hallmark residues in conserved cysteine and catalytic triad typical of serine proteases along with similar profile of immunoreactivity towards Hypoderminae infestation. The present study reports an optimised indirect-ELISA based on recombinant HyC derived from P. silenus for early diagnosis of GWFI. The optimised indirect ELISA provides a sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic for mass surveillance of the GWFI with diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 96% and 100%, respectively and not showing any cross reactivity against other important parasitic and bacterial diseases of goats. This study presents the first report of indirect ELISA based on recombinant Hypodermin C antigen derived from P. silenus for the serosurveillance of goat warble fly disease.
Clinical use of artificial intelligence in endometriosis: a scoping review
Authors: Sivajohan Brintha , Elgendi Mohamed , Menon Carlo , Allaire Catherine , Yong Paul , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic, debilitating, gynecologic condition with a non-specific clinical presentation. Globally, patients can experience diagnostic delays of ~6 to 12 years, which significantly hinders adequate management and places a significant financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Through artificial intelligence (AI), it is possible to create models that can extract data patterns to act as inputs for developing interventions with predictive and diagnostic accuracies that are superior to conventional methods and current tools used in standards of care. This literature review explored the use of AI methods to address different clinical problems in endometriosis. Approximately 1309 unique records were found across four databases; among those, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were eligible if they involved an AI approach or model to explore endometriosis pathology, diagnostics, prediction, or management and if they reported evaluation metrics (sensitivity and specificity) after validating their models. Only articles accessible in English were included in this review. Logistic regression was the most popular machine learning method, followed by decision tree algorithms, random forest, and support vector machines. Approximately 44.4% (n = 16) of the studies analyzed the predictive capabilities of AI approaches in patients with endometriosis, while 47.2% (n = 17) explored diagnostic capabilities, and 8.33% (n = 3) used AI to improve disease understanding. Models were built using different data types, including biomarkers, clinical variables, metabolite spectra, genetic variables, imaging data, mixed methods, and lesion characteristics. Regardless of the AI-based endometriosis application (either diagnostic or predictive), pooled sensitivities ranged from 81.7 to 96.7%, and pooled specificities ranged between 70.7 and 91.6%. Overall, AI models displayed good diagnostic and predictive capacity in detecting endometriosis using simple classification scenarios (i.e., differentiating between cases and controls), showing promising directions for AI in assessing endometriosis in the near future. This timely review highlighted an emerging area of interest in endometriosis and AI. It also provided recommendations for future research in this field to improve the reproducibility of results and comparability between models, and further test the capacity of these models to enhance diagnosis, prediction, and management in endometriosis patients.
More than half of data deficient species predicted to be threatened by extinction
Authors: Borgelt Jan , Dorber Martin , Høiberg Marthe Alnes , Verones Francesca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is essential for practical and theoretical efforts to protect biodiversity. However, species classified as “Data Deficient” (DD) regularly mislead practitioners due to their uncertain extinction risk. Here we present machine learning-derived probabilities of being threatened by extinction for 7699 DD species, comprising 17% of the entire IUCN spatial datasets. Our predictions suggest that DD species as a group may in fact be more threatened than data-sufficient species. We found that 85% of DD amphibians are likely to be threatened by extinction, as well as more than half of DD species in many other taxonomic groups, such as mammals and reptiles. Consequently, our predictions indicate that, amongst others, the conservation relevance of biodiversity hotspots in South America may be boosted by up to 20% if DD species were acknowledged. The predicted probabilities for DD species are highly variable across taxa and regions, implying current Red List-derived indices and priorities may be biased.
Glycan shield of the ebolavirus envelope glycoprotein GP
Authors: Peng Weiwei , Rayaprolu Vamseedhar , Parvate Amar D. , Pronker Matti F. , Hui Sean , Parekh Diptiben , Shaffer Kelly , Yu Xiaoying , Saphire Erica O. , Snijder Joost 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe envelope glycoprotein GP of the ebolaviruses is essential for host cell entry and the primary target of the host antibody response. GP is heavily glycosylated with up to 17 N-linked sites, numerous O-linked glycans in its disordered mucin-like domain (MLD), and three predicted C-linked mannosylation sites. Glycosylation is important for host cell attachment, GP stability and fusion activity, and shielding from neutralization by serum antibodies. Here, we use glycoproteomics to profile the site-specific glycosylation patterns of ebolavirus GP. We detect up to 16 unique O-linked glycosylation sites in the MLD, and two O-linked sites in the receptor-binding GP1 subunit. Multiple O-linked glycans are observed within N-linked glycosylation sequons, suggesting crosstalk between the two types of modifications. We confirmed C-mannosylation of W288 in full-length trimeric GP. We find complex glycosylation at the majority of N-linked sites, while the conserved sites N257 and especially N563 are enriched in unprocessed glycans, suggesting a role in host-cell attachment via DC-SIGN/L-SIGN. Our findings illustrate how N-, O-, and C-linked glycans together build the heterogeneous glycan shield of GP, guiding future immunological studies and functional interpretation of ebolavirus GP-antibody interactions.
Home-Based Audiometry With a Smartphone App: Reliable Results?
Authors: Hazan Amaury , Luberadzka Joanna , Rivilla Jonatan , Snik Ad , Albers Bert , Méndez Num , Wack Nicolas , Paytuvi Oscar , Zarowski Andrzej , Offeciers Erwin , Kinsbergen Jacques 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability of a smartphone-based hearing test, performed without supervision of a hearing professional in an uncontrolled environment.

Method:
The hearing application is based on an automated hearing test (DuoTone) and relies on verification procedures (ambient noise monitoring algorithm, graphical user interface) to ensure appropriate measurement conditions. Thresholds obtained with DuoTone were compared to those obtained with standard clinical audiometry for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in 13 subjects. Subsequently, test–retest reliability was analyzed using anonymized cloud-stored data from a large group of app users (1,641 subjects) who performed multiple hearing tests. Thresholds at minimum or maximum presentation level of the hearing test (10 dB HL, 85 dB HL) were excluded to avoid floor/ceiling effects. A subset (500 subjects) was created to exclude potentially unreliable data. Test–retest thresholds were compared at 12 test frequencies, from 125 Hz to 12 kHz.

Results:
Thresholds determined by DuoTone and clinical audiometry did not differ significantly for each test frequency. Regarding test–retest analysis, the percentage of test–retest results within 5 dB ranged from 60% to 77% per test frequency. Results from the subset were not substantially different. Test–retest reliability for app users was comparable to results published in the literature regarding test–retest reliability of audiometry, performed in the clinic.

Conclusions:
Initial validation results suggest that thresholds obtained with DuoTone are comparable to clinical audiometry (four frequencies tested). The hearing app provides reliable hearing thresholds between 15 and 80 dB HL (12 frequencies tested) with a test–retest reliability comparable to clinical audiometry.
Effect of Age on Informational Masking: Differential Effects of Phonetic and Semantic Information in the Masker
Authors: Jagadeesh Anoop Basavanahalli , Uppunda Ajith Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Speech recognition in noise is a ubiquitous problem in older listeners. Speech, the most commonly encountered noise in the real world, causes greater masking than noise maskers, a phenomenon called informational masking (IM). This is due to the lexical-semantic and/or acoustic-phonetic information present in speech maskers. In this study, we aimed to observe the age-related differences in speech recognition and the magnitudes of IM when the maskers varied in the type of linguistic information.

Method:
In 30 young and 30 older individuals, we measured the signal-to-noise ratio required to obtain 50% correct identification under four-talker babble (lexical-semantic and acoustic-phonetic information), four-talker reverse babble (predominantly acoustic-phonetic information), and speech-shaped noise (SSN; energetic).

Results:
In both groups, the four-talker babble caused the greatest masking effect (worst performances), whereas the SSN resulted in the least masking effect (best performances). The effectiveness of IM due to the lexical-semantic information was comparable between the two groups. However, the effectiveness of IM due to the acoustic-phonetic information was significantly higher in the older listeners, causing worse performances.

Conclusions:
The greater effectiveness of IM due to the acoustic-phonetic information (worse performance) could be due to the minimal-to-mild high-frequency hearing loss and the consequent temporal processing deficits observed in the older listeners. However, it is possible that the older listeners can employ compensatory mechanisms (such as life experiences, contextual cues, employing higher listening efforts, among many possible other mechanisms) to overcome some of these deficits.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20405730
A joint weighted power detector for Willie in two‐hop covert communication system
Authors: Wan Zehan , Huang Ying , Lei Jing , Lai Ke , Huang Luying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis letter proposes a joint weighted power detector based on maximum a posteriori probability criterion for Willie aiming at two‐hop covert communication scenario, which is a near optimal detector. Instead of only supervising one single phase, Willie combines the observations of two phases to make joint decision in the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme achieves lower probability of detection error than adding‐power‐directly‐detector scheme and the existing single‐phase‐detector scheme due to sufficient utilization of the two‐phase observations. Numerical results demonstrate the benefit of authors' proposed scheme.
Facile regulation of cuprous oxide microcrystal morphology and planes for visible light photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Chaoliang , Yang Qi , Zhao Rui , Li Hongfang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCuprous oxide (Cu2O) microcrystal is an excellent material for absorbing visible light and photo‐catalyzing various water pollutants. The photocatalytic performance of Cu2O crystal mainly depends on its morphology and exposure surface. In this study, Cu2O crystals have been successfully fabricated at room temperature. Morphology and the proportion of exposed crystal faces are regulated by a simple method with hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. The experimental results unveiled that high dosage of hydrazine hydrate tends to produce crystals with spherical and low (111) plane ratios, while low dosage of hydrazine hydrate provides an excellent condition for the formation of octahedral microcrystal with high proportion of (111) planes. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in visible light increased with the proportion of (111) planes. Analysis shows that the better crystallinity and conductivity of the octahedron structure improved the utilization rate of photogenerated carriers, while the unsaturated Cu on the (111) planes as the active site promotes the decomposition of the pollutants.
The Sagittarius stream inGaiaEarly Data Release 3 and the origin of the bifurcations
Authors: Ramos P. , Antoja T. , Yuan Z. , Arentsen A. , Oria P.-A. , Famaey B. , Ibata R. , Mateu C. , Carballo-Bello J. A. 
Published: August 2022

Context.The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr) is a dissolving galaxy being tidally disrupted by the Milky Way (MW). Its stellar stream still poses serious modelling challenges, which hinders our ability to use it effectively as a prospective probe of the MW gravitational potential at large radii.Aims.Our goal is to construct the largest and most stringent sample of stars in the stream with which we can advance our understanding of the Sgr-MW interaction, focusing on the characterisation of the bifurcations.Methods.We improved on previous methods based on the use of the wavelet transform to systematically search for the kinematic signature of the Sgr stream throughout the whole sky in theGaiadata. We then refined our selection via the use of a clustering algorithm on the statistical properties of the colour-magnitude diagrams.Results.Our final sample contains more than 700 000 candidate stars and is three times larger than previousGaiasamples. With it, we have been able to detect the bifurcation of the stream in both the northern and southern hemispheres, which requires four branches (two bright and two faint) to fully describe the system. We present the detailed proper motion distribution of the trailing arm as a function of the angular coordinate along the stream, showing, for the first time, the presence of a sharp edge (on the side of the small proper motions) beyond which there are no Sgr stars. We also characterise the correlation between kinematics and distance. Finally, the chemical analysis of our sample shows that the faint branch of the bifurcation is more metal poor than the bright. We provide analytical descriptions for the proper motion trends as well as for the sky distribution of the four branches of the stream.Conclusions.Based on our analysis, we interpret the bifurcations as a misaligned overlap of the material stripped at the antepenultimate pericentre (faint branches) with the stars ejected at the penultimate pericentre (bright branch), given that Sgr just went through its perigalacticon. The source of this misalignment is still unknown, but we argue that models with some internal rotation in the progenitor – at least during the time of stripping of the stars that are now in the faint branches – are worth exploring.
Eine chronische Niereninsuffizienz, auch in höherem Stadium, ist Patienten häufig unbekannt – aber warum wissen Frauen noch seltener von ihrer Erkrankung als Männer?
Authors: Stolpe Susanne , Scholz Christian , Stang Andreas , Böger Carsten , Jung Bettina , Kowall Bernd , Blume Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CKD) ist in der Bevölkerung ab einem Alter von 40 Jahren genauso verbreitet wie Diabetes oder koronare Herzkrankheit. Obwohl eine CKD das Risiko für Folgeerkrankungen oder vorzeitigen Tod erhöht, wissen Patienten oft nichts von ihrer Erkrankung. In einer Auswertung deutscher Daten war die Unkenntnis über eine CKD bei Frauen größer als bei Männern.Methode Es wurden Baseline-Daten aus dem Jahr 2010 von 3305 CKD-Patienten aus deutschen Kohortenstudien und Registern ausgewertet. Eine CKD der Stadien 1–4 war nach veröffentlichten Leitlinien definiert. Das Patientenwissen über eine CKD wurde über Selbstauskunft kodiert. Der Anteil von Patienten ohne Wissen über eine CKD sowie die geschlechtsspezifische Anteilsdifferenz (jeweils mit 95 %-Konfidenzintervall) wurde nach CKD-Stadien und weiteren Komorbiditäten berechnet. Darüber hinaus wurde die Prävalenz-Ratio (PR) für die Nichtkenntnis einer CKD für Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern grob und nach Alter und weiteren Risikofaktoren adjustiert geschätzt.Ergebnisse In den Subgruppen nach Alter, CKD-Stadium und Komorbiditäten wussten Frauen seltener von ihrer CKD als Männer. Der Anteilsunterschied im Wissen um eine CKD stieg mit höherem CKD-Stadium an und betrug im Stadium 4 21 Prozentpunkte (7,6; 34,6) zuungunsten der Frauen. Bei Patienten mit einer CKD im Stadium 3b und Bluthochdruck Grad 2 wussten 61 % der Frauen nichts von ihrer Erkrankung, verglichen mit 45 % der Männer. Das PR für die Unkenntnis einer CKD für Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern im voll-adjustierten Modell stieg von 1,08 (1,00; 1,16) bei einer CKD 3a auf 1,75 (1,14; 2,68) bei einer CKD im Stadium 4.Folgerung Frauen wissen in allen untersuchten Subgruppen seltener von ihrer CKD als Männer. Der Geschlechtsunterschied besteht unabhängig von allen untersuchten Einflussfaktoren. Mögliche Ursachen sind unbewusste geschlechtsbezogene Unterschiede in der Versorgung (gender bias) oder in der Patient-Arzt-Kommunikation.
Distal Triceps Rupture with an Injury of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament: a Result of a Fall Onto an Outstretched Arm - a Case Series
Authors: Ott Nadine , Hackl Michael , Van Parys Michiel , Leschinger Tim , Wegmann Kilian , Müller Lars Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraumatic triceps tendon ruptures are rare and known to result in substantial disability unless appropriate surgical treatment is performed. A traumatic rupture can occur due to a fall onto
the outstretched hand. Tearing of the triceps tendon results in a valgus load onto the elbow, which can lead to injuries to the radial head/neck and/or the ulnar collateral ligament. Hence,
attention must be paid to associated pathologies after diagnosis of rupture to the distal triceps tendon. Our surgical procedure in these cases includes diagnostic arthroscopy to detect
concomitant injuries. In the following, we present three cases where we performed an open suture bridge repair of the triceps tendon followed by suture repair of the ulnar collateral ligament.
All patients recovered well and reported no elbow pain or limited range of motion. The ASES and Mayo Elbow Performance scores were 100 at the 1-year follow-up.
An anti-CTLA-4 heavy chain–only antibody with enhanced T
reg
depletion shows excellent preclinical efficacy and safety profile
Authors: Gan Xin , Shan Qianqian , Li He , Janssens Rick , Shen Yuqiang , He Yun , Chen Fei , van Haperen Rien , Drabek Dubravka , Li Jin , Zhang Yang , Zhao Jiuqiao , Qin Beibei , Jheng Ming-Jin , Chen Victor , Wang Jingsong , Rong Yiping , Grosveld Frank 
Published: August 2022

The value of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in cancer therapy is well established. However, the broad application of currently available anti-CTLA-4 therapeutic antibodies is hampered by their narrow therapeutic index. It is therefore challenging and attractive to develop the next generation of anti-CTLA-4 therapeutics with improved safety and efficacy. To this end, we generated fully human heavy chain–only antibodies (HCAbs) against CTLA-4. The hIgG1 Fc domain of the top candidate, HCAb 4003-1, was further engineered to enhance its regulatory T (T
reg
) cell depletion effect and to decrease its half-life, resulting in HCAb 4003-2. We tested these HCAbs in in vitro and in vivo experiments in comparison with ipilimumab and other anti-CTLA4 antibodies. The results show that human HCAb 4003-2 binds human CTLA-4 with high affinity and potently blocks the binding of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) to CTLA-4. The results also show efficient tumor penetration. HCAb 4003-2 exhibits enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity function, lower serum exposure, and more potent anti-tumor activity than ipilimumab in murine tumor models, which is partly driven by a substantial depletion of intratumoral T
reg
s. Importantly, the enhanced efficacy combined with the shorter serum half-life and less systemic drug exposure in vivo potentially provides an improved therapeutic window in cynomolgus monkeys and preliminary clinical applications. With its augmented efficacy via T
reg
depletion and improved safety profile, HCAb 4003-2 is a promising candidate for the development of next generation anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
Variation in English gendered pronouns
Authors: Conrod Kirby 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper describes an ongoing shift in the pronominal system of English that is primarily related to transgender
and non-binary identities. Apparent time evidence suggests that this is an ongoing change, and metalinguistic comments support the
indexical link between the change and the increased visibility of transgender and non-binary English speakers. Sociopragmatic
variation enabled by this change shows that the pronoun system of English functions much less like a grammatical gender (noun
class) system, and much more like a system of honorifics. The second half of the paper puts forward a position for social justice
around pronoun use and gender autonomy, including advice for professional linguists who work in related fields.
A thematic analysis of attitudes towards English nonbinary pronouns
Authors: Hekanaho Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive overview of attitudes towards nonbinary pronouns, with the aim of better
understanding why these pronouns are either accepted or rejected. Attitudes towards nonbinary they and the
neopronouns ze and xe are explored with a thematic analysis of data derived from a larger online
survey on pronouns (n = 1128). While the results demonstrate various polarized stances for both types of
pronouns, the participants’ reactions highlight greater acceptance of and support for nonbinary they. In
addition, the paper proposes that broader ideologies about gender are behind the participants’ overt reactions to nonbinary
pronouns. Most notably, while some participants rejected the pronouns on the basis of a binary gender ideology, others viewed
gender as a matter of self-identification, accepting any pronoun an individual chooses for themselves.