bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent class analysis of health, social, and behavioral profiles associated with psychological distress among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Goldstein Ellen , Brown Roger L. , Lennon Robert P. , Zgierska Aleksandra E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of literature documenting negative mental health impacts from the COVID‐19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify risk and protective factors associated with mental health and well‐being among pregnant and postpartum women during the pandemic.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, anonymous online survey study distributed to pregnant and postpartum (within 6 months) women identified through electronic health records from two large healthcare systems in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. Survey questions explored perinatal and postpartum experiences related to the pandemic, including social support, coping, and health care needs and access. Latent class analysis was performed to identify classes among 13 distinct health, social, and behavioral variables. Outcomes of depression, anxiety, and stress were examined using propensity‐weighted regression modeling.ResultsFit indices demonstrated a three‐class solution as the best fitting model. Respondents (N = 616) from both regions comprised three classes, which significantly differed on sleep‐ and exercise‐related health, social behaviors, and mental health: Higher Psychological Distress (31.8%), Moderate Psychological Distress (49.8%), and Lower Psychological Distress (18.4%). The largest discriminatory issue was support from one's social network. Significant differences in depression, anxiety, and stress severity scores were observed across these three classes. Reported need for mental health services was greater than reported access.ConclusionsMental health outcomes were largely predicted by the lack or presence of social support, which can inform public health decisions and measures to buffer the psychological impact of ongoing waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pregnant and postpartum women. Targeted early intervention among those in higher distress categories may help improve maternal and child health.
Income‐ and education‐based inequalities of edentulism and dental services utilization in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Souza João Gabriel Silva , Soares Anna Rachel dos Santos , Vieira Renato Vitor , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTooth loss is a worldwide public health problem affecting mainly socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Dental services utilization may increase access to preventive actions and conservative treatment, reducing the prevalence of tooth loss. This study evaluated the income‐ and education‐based inequalities in edentulism according to the utilization of dental services among adults and older adults in Brazil.MethodsData from the National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil, 2010) of adults (ages 35–44 years, n = 9779) and older adults (ages 65–74 years, n = 7619) were analysed. Socioeconomic indicators (SES) included education and income. The magnitude of inequality in edentulism by education and income levels was estimated by the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII). The changes in the RII and SII according to the utilization of dental services were estimated. Regression models estimated the association between SES and edentulism and whether dental services utilization modified this association.ResultsHigher edentulism prevalence was observed among those with lower education and income levels. The utilization of dental services changed the education‐based inequality index in edentulism for adults, with percentage changes of 17.4% (RII) and 56.8% (SII). For adults with low education (0–4 years of study), the odds of edentulism were 80% (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.6) and 90% (OR 0.1; 95% CI 0.01–0.2) lower for those who had used dental services within the preceding year and within 1–2 years compared with those who had used such services within the preceding 3 or more years, respectively.ConclusionThere was a social gradient in the prevalence of edentulism in adults and older adults, and the education‐based inequalities in edentulism were lower among adults reporting utilization of dental services in the preceding year.
Health‐related quality of life and psychological indicators of thriving 15–19 years after heart or lung transplantation
Authors: Dew Mary Amanda , DiMartini Andrea F. , Posluszny Donna M. , Myaskovsky Larissa , Switzer Galen E. , Puttarajappa Chethan , Hickey Gavin W. , Sanchez Pablo G. , DeVito Dabbs Annette J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvival into the second decade after cardiothoracic transplantation (CTX) is no longer uncommon. Few data exist on any health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) impairments survivors face, or whether they may even experience positive psychological outcomes indicative of “thriving” (e.g., personal growth). We provide such data in a long‐term survivor cohort.MethodsAmong 304 patients prospectively studied across the first 2 years post‐CTX, we re‐interviewed patients ≥15 years post‐CTX. We (a) examined levels of HRQOL and positive psychological outcomes (posttraumatic growth related to CTX, purpose in life, life satisfaction) at follow‐up, (b) evaluated change since transplant with mixed‐effects models, and (c) identified psychosocial and clinical correlates of study outcomes with multivariable regression.ResultsOf 77 survivors, 64 (83%) were assessed (35 heart, 29 lung recipients; 15–19 years post‐CTX). Physical HRQOL was poorer than the general population norm and earlier post‐transplant levels (P’s < .001). Mental HRQOL exceeded the norm (P < .001), with little temporal change (P = .070). Mean positive psychological outcome scores exceeded scales’ midpoints at follow‐up. Life satisfaction, assessed longitudinally, declined over time (P < .001) but remained similar to the norm at follow‐up. Recent hospitalization and dyspnea increased patients’ likelihood of poor physical HRQOL at follow‐up (P's≤ .022). Lower sense of mastery and poorer caregiver support lessened patients’ likelihood of positive psychological outcomes (P’s ≤ .049). Medical comorbidities and type of CTX were not associated with study outcomes at follow‐up.ConclusionsDespite physical HRQOL impairment, long‐term CTX survivors otherwise showed favorable outcomes. Clinical attention to correlates of HRQOL and positive psychological outcomes may help maximize survivors’ well‐being.
Towards utilization of rule base structure to support fuzzy rule interpolation
Authors: Jiang Changhong , Jin Shangzhu , Shang Changjing , Shen Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFuzzy rule interpolation (FRI) offers a reliable approach for providing an interpretable approximate decision with a sparse rule base, when a new observation does not match any existing rules. As the mainstream application of a fuzzy rule base is to extract valuable approximate information from each individual rules, existing FRI methods typically work by postulating that the more rules used to implement the interpolation the better the reasoning outcomes. Yet, empirical results have shown that using a large number of rules in an FRI process may adversely lead to worsening the accuracy of the inference outcomes, not just degrading efficiency. The objective of this work is to set a firm theoretical foundation for the eventual establishment of a novel FRI approach. It achieves this goal by mapping the structural patterns within a given fuzzy rule base onto a mathematically isomorphic data space, such that the essential information embedded in the original rule base can be effectively captured, represented and analysed. The resulting mathematically mapped patterns enable the production of a theorem that determines the upper limit of the number of rules required to effectively and efficiently perform FRI. The experimental investigations reported herein demonstrate that the number of required rules to perform FRI obeys the theorem discovered in this work.
Histamine H1‐ and H2‐receptors participate to provide metabolic energy differently
Authors: Mohammadi‐Pilehdarboni Hanieh , Rasouli Mehdi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHistamine participates in a variety of physiological functions. The local effects of histamine have a role to provide metabolic energy for the tissues. The objective of this work is to study the mechanism whereby histamine affects serum glucose and liver glycogen fractions. Six groups of 10 male rats received two injections with histamine, H1‐agonist (dipyridylethylamine), H2‐agonist (dimaprit), H1‐agonist plus H1‐antagonist (cetirizine), or H2‐agonist plus H2‐antagonist (famotidine). Serum glucose and liver glycogen fractions were measured. Histamine caused a significant increase in serum glucose (163.7 ± 5.4 vs. 153.2 ± 3.3 mg/dl, p = 0.023). The effect of histamine was mimicked by selective H1‐agonist (164.2 ± 3.5 vs. 152.8 ± 2.9 mg/dl, p = 0.005) but not with H2‐agonist (159.3 ± 3.7 vs. 156.3 ± 4.8 mg/dl, p = 0.281). The effect of H1‐agonist was abolished in the presence of selective H1‐antagonist. Treatment by H1‐ but not H2‐agonist decreased total glycogen by about 35% (30.6 ± 0.5 vs. 47.3 ± 2.8 mg/g wet weight of liver, p = 0.003). The decrease happened wholly in ASG fraction (26.8 ± 1.2 vs. 43.7 ± 3.2 mg/g wet weight of liver, p = 0.004), while AIG did not change significantly (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 4.5 ± 0.4 mg/g wet weight of liver, p = 0.724). Histamine causes to decrease glycogen in the liver and increased serum glucose. The effects of histamine were mediated via H1‐receptors. ASG was metabolically active fraction of liver glycogen in this process. The results confirm the role of histamine in providing metabolic energy of the tissues.
Helping hand or centralizing tool? The politics of conditional grants in Australia, Canada, and the United States
Authors: Schnabel Johanna , Dardanelli Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConditional grant programs are widely used in federal systems to address the tension between decentralized policy provision and territorial equity, given constraints on constituent units' ability to raise revenues. While enhancing their financial capacity, conditional grants are often seen as reducing constituent units' policy autonomy. Against this backdrop, this article examines the actual impact conditional grants have on the capacity and autonomy of a constituent unit. We analyze key milestones in the genesis and evolution of conditional grant programs in education and healthcare in Australia, Canada, and the United States. We find that the impact of conditional grants primarily depends on constituent units' size, fiscal capacity, and distinctiveness. Conditional grants are most beneficial to smaller and/or fiscally weaker constituent units but highly distinctive units suffer the most significant autonomy losses. If they are not to exacerbate centralization, conditional grants programs thus need to be sensitive to the preferences of the more distinctive constituent units.
Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human coagulation factor VIII (omfiloctocog alfa) in previously treated Chinese children with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Wu Runhui , Wang Xiaoling , Zhao Xielan , Cheng Yanli , Zhou Zeping , Sun Jing , Xu Ming , Li Wenqian , Xiao Jianwen , Yang Fenge , Chen Yun , Xu Weiqun , Huang Jing , Ma Chuanrong , Gai Wenlin , Xie Liangzhi , Yang Renchi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionOmfiloctocog alfa, the first China‐developed recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), demonstrated efficacy and safety of prophylaxis in previously treated patients (PTPs) aged ≥12 years with severe hemophilia A in China.AimsTo investigate efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of omfiloctocog alfa in pediatric PTPs with severe hemophilia A in China.MethodsPTPs (>50 exposure days [ED] for Chinese patients aged <6 years; >150 EDs for patients aged 6–12 years) were treated with omfiloctocog alfa at 25–50 IU/kg every other day or three times per week for 24 weeks. PK was evaluated after single injection of 50 IU/kg. The primary efficacy endpoint was annualized bleeding rate (ABR).ResultsA total of 69 patients were enrolled (<6 years, n = 35; 6–12 years, n = 34) and mean exposure to omfiloctocog alfa was 78.9 days. Mean half‐life was 6.7 and 10.2 h in children < 6 years and 6–12 years, respectively. Estimated mean ABRs of all patients were 4.05 for overall bleeding episodes and 1.38 for spontaneous bleeding episodes. Of 127 bleeding episodes, the success rate was 92.1%. 39.7% patients did not experience any bleeding episodes and the mean weekly dose of FVIII was 109.1 IU/kg for these patients. 83% bleeding episodes were controlled with ≤2 injections. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.9% of the patients. One 2‐year‐old patient developed inhibitors after 12 EDs and it resolved with omfiloctocog alfa immune tolerance induction.ConclusionOmfiloctocog alfa was efficacious and well tolerated for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in Chinese pediatric PTPs with severe hemophilia A.
Sofosbuvir–velpatasvir in adults with hepatitis C virus infection and compensated cirrhosis in Japan
Authors: Takehara Tetsuo , Izumi Namiki , Mochida Satoshi , Genda Takuya , Fujiyama Shigetoshi , Notsumata Kazuo , Tamori Akihiro , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suri Vithika , Mercier Renee‐Claude , Matsuda Takuma , Matsuda Kana , Kato Naoya , Chayama Kazuaki , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground & PurposeProtease‐free regimens for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are safe and effective for persons with either compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. We examined the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir–velpatasvir in participants with HCV and compensated cirrhosis in Japan.MethodsThis was a Phase 3, multi‐center, open‐label study. At 20 sites, 37 individuals with chronic HCV infection of any genotype and compensated cirrhosis received sofosbuvir–velpatasvir (400 mg/100 mg) daily for 12 weeks. Participants were treatment‐naïve or treatment‐experienced with interferon‐based treatments with or without HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors. Prior exposure with HCV NS5A or NS5B inhibitors was prohibited. The primary study endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12).ResultsAmong participants, 62% had HCV genotype 1 infection, and 38% had HCV genotype 2. More than three quarters (29/37, 78%) were HCV treatment naïve. All participants (37/37, 100%) achieved SVR12. Seventeen participants (46%) and three participants (8%) had pretreatment resistance‐associated substitutions to HCV NS5A and NS5B nucleoside inhibitors respectively, yet no on‐treatment breakthrough or relapse occurred. Sofosbuvir–velpatasvir for 12 weeks treatment was safe and well tolerated. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache (8%, 3/37) and diarrhea (5%, 2/37). One serious adverse event, patella fracture, occurred and was considered not treatment related. No participants discontinued study treatment due to an adverse event. Three participants (8%) had a Grade 3 laboratory abnormality; all were hyperglycemia.ConclusionSofosbuvir–velpatasvir resulted in high SVR rates and was well tolerated among Japanese patients with HCV and compensated cirrhosis. This single‐tablet regimen offers a highly effective, protease‐inhibitor free regimen for treating HCV.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04112303.
Participants' experiences of the management of screen‐detected complex polyps within a structured bowel cancer screening programme
Authors: Semedo Lenira , Gjini Ardiana , Dolwani Sunil , Lifford Kate J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Bowel Screening Wales complex polyp removal service was introduced to address variations in surgery rates for screen‐detected complex benign colorectal polyps, to improve the quality of the screening service and to make management of these polyps more equitable across Wales. Little is known about patient experiences and the potential impact on quality of life when undergoing complex polyp removal. This study is part of a wider research programme evaluating the decision‐making, pathways and outcomes from complex polyp removal.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand experiences of having a complex polyp removed and how this may influence quality of life.DesignSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted, and a thematic approach was used for data analysis.Setting and ParticipantsAll participants had a complex polyp removed after a positive stool test and review by Bowel Screening Wales' Network Multi‐Disciplinary Team.ResultsTwenty‐one participants were interviewed. Most participants had their complex polyps removed endoscopically and reported no or minor problems or negative outcomes following their procedure. For a small minority, worse problems (e.g., pain, bowel dysfunction) and negative outcomes (e.g., cancer) followed their procedures. Most participants felt supported and reassured throughout their procedures. Any physical and emotional changes to quality of life were mainly linked to procedure outcomes.DiscussionExperiences of complex polyp removal were generally positive, with minimal changes in quality of life.ConclusionsWhile most people had a positive experience of having a complex polyp removed, support initiatives, such as counselling or signposting to coping strategies, may be helpful to reduce any potential negative effects of procedures on quality of life.Patient or Public ContributionFour patient and public involvement partners provided feedback on participant materials.
Routine SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination for all children*
Authors: De Paris Kristina , Permar Sallie R. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented health and economic losses. Children generally present with less severe disease from this virus compared with adults, yet neonates and children with COVID‐19 can require hospitalization, and older children can develop severe complications, such as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome, resulting in >1500 deaths in children from COVID‐19 since the onset of the pandemic. The introduction of effective SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in school‐age children and adult populations combined with the emergence of new, more highly transmissible SARS‐CoV‐2 variants has resulted in a proportional increase of infections in young children. Here, we discuss (1) the current knowledge on pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and pathogenesis in comparison with adults, (2) the data on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in children, and (3) the benefits of early life SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination.
Are You All Normal? It Depends!
Authors: Chen Wanfang , Genton Marc G. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe assumption of normality has underlain much of the development of statistics, including spatial statistics, and many tests have been proposed. In this work, we focus on the multivariate setting and first review the recent advances in multivariate normality tests for i.i.d. data, with emphasis on the skewness and kurtosis approaches. We show through simulation studies that some of these tests cannot be used directly for testing normality of spatial data. We further review briefly the few existing univariate tests under dependence (time or space), and then propose a new multivariate normality test for spatial data by accounting for the spatial dependence. The new test utilises the union‐intersection principle to decompose the null hypothesis into intersections of univariate normality hypotheses for projection data, and it rejects the multivariate normality if any individual hypothesis is rejected. The individual hypotheses for univariate normality are conducted using a Jarque–Bera type test statistic that accounts for the spatial dependence in the data. We also show in simulation studies that the new test has a good control of the type I error and a high empirical power, especially for large sample sizes. We further illustrate our test on bivariate wind data over the Arabian Peninsula.
Decolonising critical information systems research: A subaltern approach
Authors: Masiero Silvia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTheories used in the Information Systems (IS) field come in large majority from authors based in Western countries, a bias that holds for critical theories as well. Such a bias is made more problematic by the mandate of critical theory, which is meant exactly to illuminate the oppressive conditions of the status quo. Against this backdrop, this paper explores the subalternity theory approach – developed by the Subaltern Studies collective from the early 1980s – as an indigenous theory that, proposing a socially and geographically connotated narration of ‘history from below’, can play a major role in the effort to decolonise critical IS research. By positioning subaltern theory in the IS field, the paper offers an alternative to the Western hegemony of critical theories, exploring the potential of such an alternative to voice systematically silenced and marginalised perspectives.
A non‐randomised pragmatic trial for the early detection and prevention of surgical wound complications using an advanced hydropolymer wound dressing and smartphone technology: The EDISON trial protocol
Authors: Sandy‐Hodgetts Kylie , Norman Richard , Edmondston Stephen , Haywood Zaheerah , Davies Leigh , Hulsdunk Katrina , Barlow Jessica , Yates Piers 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTotal hip or knee arthroplasty is a highly effective intervention for treating the symptoms of degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis (OA), often an unwelcome consequence of obesity. A safe and common surgical procedure, hip and knee arthroplasty procedures are not immune to the occurrence of postoperative complications such as surgical site infection (SSI) or surgical wound dehiscence (SWD). While published rates of SSI following hip or knee arthroplasty are low, 1% to 2% in some cases, it is the resulting wound complication and its clinical management and the impact on patient well‐being and return to daily life for the 1% to 2% that is of concern. Postoperative complications such as SSI are a major cost driver to the health care system following arthroplasty and often result in extended lengths of stay, readmission for further surgery, primary and community nursing visits, and are a costly burden to health care settings. Early identification of a wound complication through post‐discharge surveillance using a fully transparent dressing and smartphone technology and patient education may ameliorate contributing factors or reduce the likelihood of a complication occurring in the first instance. This clinical trial is a non‐randomised pragmatic convenience sample carried out in 200 participants of both sexes receiving either a TKA or THA. There will be equal allocation to two groups (100 hips and 100 knees), with 50 in each allocation receiving the interventional dressing and 50 as control. The dressing will be applied prior to discharge and participants will be provided with education on postoperative wound care, when to contact home care nursing for a potential wound problem, and use of their smartphone to capture and send images of their incision site to the study nurses. Participants will also be followed up by home care nursing services at day 14 for suture removal and wound assessment. Participants will complete a patient‐reported outcomes survey on day 14 and followed up on day 30 after surgery for wound assessment. The results of this trial may provide a novel pathway using a fully transparent dressing and digital technologies for the prevention of acute readmissions because of wound complications through early detection and intervention.