bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Pennisetum Glaucum (Pearl Millet)
Authors: Pavas  , Suman  , Majumdar A D , Munjal N , Kamboj U 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pearl millet grains were characterized in terms of moisture, viscosity, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic analysis. The moisture content was determined using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard method, viscosity of grains was determined via Labman 200 rotational viscometer. In this study, the data was collected for the pearl millet grains and analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR). The average value of moisture and viscosity was 16.26% and 1769.22 mPaSec, respectively. The fourier transform infrared analysis showed the presence of N-H and O-H compounds from pearl millet. The analysis from near infrared spectra of the pearl millet grains showed the N-H stretching, O-H stretching and C-H stretching first-overtone and combinational bands.
Characterization of ground water using spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Rani Reena , Kumar Sunil , Munjal Neha , Kamboj Uma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Water is most essential natural resource on earth and we cannot live without it. Contamination of water is increasing day by day. In Punjab, India water is not safe for drinking, it can be cause of many harmful diseases. It mainly affect human kidney. In present research, work is done to find the characteristics of the ground water collected from Phagwara Region, Punjab. Analysis was done using different spectroscopic techniques, mainly - Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Fluorescence spectroscopy. It was observed that the sample contained strong narrow C-C triple bond, N-H bond is also present. The two spectroscopic techniques were successful in characterizing the bonds present in the sample under research.
Yttrium doped strontium nano hexaferrites: Influence of yttrium on the structural and magnetic properties of sol-gel synthesized nanocrystalline strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Sharma Mritunjay , Kumar Deepak , Gewali Jeeban P. , Thakur Ankush 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Yttrium (Y3+)-substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles with composition SrFe12-x
Y
x
O19 have been synthesized using the sol-gel method. Diverse analytical tools have been applied to characterize the prepared strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles and to analyse the influence of yttrium (Y3+) substitution on the structural and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of single phase M-type hexagonal crystalline structure. In fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the absorption bands at low wavenumber confirmed the formation of hexagonal ferrites. The vibrating sample magnetometer has been employed to study the magnetic behavior of Y3+ ions substituted strontium hexaferrite. The decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) value has been explained on the basis of alteration in magnetic interactions due to the replacement of both Fe3+ ions by the non-magnetic Y3+ ions.
The Prerequisite of E-Waste Recycling-A Review Study
Authors: Ganesh S , Sharma P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The growth rate of technology has brought the swift in all the electronic goods, by the innovation of smart device and gadgets. The incredible change which brought the compact device like ultra-slim smart television, light weight laptops, compact mobile phones, Bluetooth speakers, Tablets and various numbers of wireless gadgets all these fascinated the people to purchase and made the comfort zone of life. On-other hand looking towards the dumping of old and repaired device have been increased in the alarming manner to go for the recycle and re-fabricated products. It has been observed the trending fashion of festival offers on the electronic goods in India and as well as in other part of the countries makes the human psychological effects to go for the exchange of the products before the end of life of the electronic products which is already existing. New devices and features of mobiles attract the human to dump the old devices and purchase the new one without any proper guidance and awareness about the E-waste generation in the countries. E-waste is one of the massive and large-scale environmental issue to segregate and recycle the products to reduce the various impacts and causes for the environmental pollution. As the physical dimensions of the electronic devices and gadgets are getting compact in size, the dimension of dumping rate on ground is increasing day to day by the number of consumers and these leads to increase all the root causes for the environmental issues which has been studied and stated in the recent research.
Charge transfer of potassium by the impact of proton particle
Authors: Gewali J P , Paudel S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The total cross section for electron capture is being calculated in this paper for 2s state of hydrogen atom in proton-potassium collision. The energy range chosen for the calculation is 50 keV to 10,000 keV and we have used Coulomb projected Born (CPB) approximation method. Also the differential cross section at different scattering angle has been calculated. The result obtained are compared with available theoretical data and found it to be in good agreement.
A Comprehensive Analysis on Controlling and Hybrid Synchronization in Identical Chaotic Systems via Active Control Method
Authors: Khan A , Chaudhary H 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current research provides the potential role of active nonlinear control functions in the asymptotic convergence of the synchronized errors in a comprehensive manner. Firstly, we design a systematic procedure to investigate hybrid synchronization in identical chaotic chemical reactor systems via active control method (ACM). In view of master-slave configuration and Lyapunov’s theory of stability, the considered methodology determines the global asymptotic stability of the error dynamics of the given system. Finally, numerical simulations using MATLAB toolbox are implemented for illustrating the efficacy and feasibility of the discussed strategy.
Some fixed point results using F-weak expansive mapping in relation theoretic metric space
Authors: Malhotra Astha , Kumar Deepak 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we put forward the notion of F-weak expansive mapping and simultaneously prove some fixed point result specifically in relation theoretic metric space. In addition, our result generalizes one of the results obtained by [Jaroslaw Górnicki (2016). Fixed point theorems for F-expanding mappings, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 2017(1)]. Also, some illustration is provided which further substantiates the result proved herein.
Influence on the Optical properties of Green and Chemically Synthesized ZnO
Authors: Afzal Mir Salman , Kaur Jasmeen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Orange is the most widely grown fruit on the planet and in the production of juice and marmalades in large quantities. During industrial production, the liquid and solid waste mass produced accounts for roughly half of the orange weight. Environmental, economic, and social, sectors are all impacted by-products and waste generation. The work is aimed to produce white light material from chemically and the orange peel waste synthesized ZnO. Influence of synthesised ZnO was studied by characterizing the sample using UV absorption, XRD, SEM and Fluorescence spectrometer. It had been found the ZnO prepared from the orange peel waste has better optical and crystallinity as compared to chemically synthesized ZnO. Green synthesized ZnO has CIE coordinates (0.32,0.31) which are very close to the ideal value (0.33,0.33).
Advancement in field of Energy storage applications by using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Nidhi  , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Now-a-days the storage and power demands are increasing at a very rapid speed and system has evolved in the form of batteries and other storage devices which lacks some safety measures as well as electrochemical stability factors. As a class of novel media, Ionic liquids pursuing a specific set of properties had made them suitable for a number of energy related applications and modifications in their properties. So to overcome the challenges faced by the storage device, substitution of electrolytes of these devices by Ionic liquid mainly known as green solvents, has proven out to be a promising field by enhancing their properties.
This article throws a light on the advancement and development of energy storage applications by the material used i.e., Ionic liquids providing a stable and friendly electrolyte system along with the modified storage system with increased thermochemical and other stability factors.
A Systematic Review on the Dielectric Response of Polyvinyl alcohol - Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites Films
Authors: Choudhary Devendra , Sinha Subhojyoti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This review article mainly discusses about the dielectric properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites films. Nanostructured ZnO is a semiconducting functional material. It has received a significant amount of attention due to its potential applications in various areas like antimicrobial, optoelectronic and sensor devices. Polyvinyl alcohol on the other hand offers an insulting polymer matrix with good dielectric breakdown strength and film forming properties. Incorporating semiconducting ZnO nanostructures into the insulating PVA matrix is of contemporary interest due to the intriguing dielectric response of the resulting nanocomposite films. Literature reports on the variations of several electrical parameters such as real and imaginary part of the complex permittivity, AC conductivity and complex impedance have been analysed here systematically. The effect of different ZnO nanostructure loading weight percentages, measurement temperature and frequency variations have been correlated with the corresponding changes in the dielectric constant, loss tangent values, dc conductivity contribution regime, hopping frequency, relaxation time and prevailing ac conduction mechanism of the nanocomposite films. Thus, this systematic review aims to provide a roadmap for the scientific community to optimize different parameters and enhance the functional properties of the PVA-ZnO nanocomposite films.
A convenient approach towards biomimetic synthesis of zonarol and its related analogs
Authors: Talniya Naveen Chandra , Chauhan Amit , Pandit Pooja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Labdane is a naturally occurring bicyclic diterpene. It forms the skeleton core for a large number of natural products. Several naturally occurring diterpenoids having decalin skeleton i.e, zonarol 1, warburgunal 2, and forskolin 3 show interesting biological activities such as anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant effects. In view of their biological activities herein we are reporting our approach towards synthesis of the zonarol and its mimic derivatives by using commercially available α-ionone as starting material.
Influence of Polypyrrole Morphology on Gas Sensing
Authors: Sood Y , Pawar V S , Mudila H , kumar A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Polypyrrole with different morphologies has great impact over its properties such as concentration, time, high surface to volume ratio, dopants etc based on morphology has been discussed in this review. These Polypyrrole are potentially used for the sensing of various gases such as NO2, NH3, CO, H2 and CH4 gases. The influence of surface morphology, and doping of various PPy structures on gas sensing performance are extensively explained in this article such as roughness of films of PPy due to nature of counter ions influence the response of PPy films when used as sensitive layer, nanosheet structures has lowest LOD and improved response/recovery times. Furthermore, article focused upon various morphologies of PPy obtained with different methods and its influence in sensitivity is explained in this article. The sensitivity and response of PPy to various gases are also reviewed.
Structure and kinematics of the Milky Way galaxy using atomic hydrogen
Authors: Batra V , Maharana P R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present study uses the hyper-fine transition of atomic hydrogen, HI (1420 MHz) to map the structure and kinematics of the Milky Way galaxy. The observation was carried out for galactic longitude 20° ≤ ℓ ≤ 220° and galactic latitude −20° ≤ b ≤ 20° each in 5° steps using the SALSA 2.3m Radio Telescope located at Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden. The velocity components of HI clouds were determined using Gaussian decomposition of the observed spectrum and these values were projected onto the Galactic plane for the identification of spiral structure of the galaxy. The Perseus, Local and Outer arms were identified using the Longitude velocity plots and x-y plots (face-on maps). The rotational velocities of the HI clouds were determined using the tangent-point method and the resulting rotation curve comes out to be consistent with the literature in the range 4 ≤ R ≤ 8 kpc.
A study on exact solutions of einstein’s field equations in different cosmological models
Authors: Brock Vaibhav , Tandon Reena 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The paper deals with the exact solutions of the Einstein’s field equations in various cosmo-logical models based on Lyra’s geometry: (i) Bianchi type III cosmological model in a perfect fluid by considering the Equation of State (EoS) of the type p = αρ
2 − ρ, where α > 0 is constant (ii) Spatially flat FRW model with constant deceleration parameter q and time dependent displacement field vector β for the specific choice of particle creation function (iii) FRW model with variable β and time dependent q. The conditions for attaining an accelerated power-law expansion of the universe in the matter dominated era have also been discussed.
Optical investigation on pure and Fe, Mn doped lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCoO3) nanoparticle
Authors: Harshapriya P , Sharmila S , Sahana Fathima A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Absorption of incident wave can induce a variety of transitions amongst bands and sub bands that leads to the appearance of absorption peaks in the absorption spectra. UV absorption spectroscopy helps to investigate the optical properties of Nano sized particles such as LaCoO3, Fe doped LaCoO3and Mn doped LaCoO3. For pure LaCoO3nanoparticle, 207.49nm was the highest absorbance and there is a sudden decrease in absorbance at 245.67nm. While adding the Fe and Mn dopant into LaCoO3, the absorbance increases. For Fe doped LaCoO3the highest absorbance is at 345.88nm and for Mn doped LaCoO3has absorbance at 209.68nm. For pure LaCoO3the band gap is 2.582. By adding dopant Fe into LaCoO3, the band gap decreases into 1.755 and for Mn doped LaCoO3, the band gap is 1.904. Band gap decreases due to the increase in the particle size. Hence, it is useful material for solar cell applications.
Computer aided diagnosis of liver ultrasound images using K-nearest neighbour approach
Authors: Sharma V , Sharma V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fatty liver disease has become a major public health concern due to its high prevalence. In order to diagnose fatty liver diseases, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems have been proposed by various researchers in the recent past. Despite the fact that much work has been done in the domain of CAD of liver ultrasound images, it remains a topic of considerable importance due to the rising prevalence of fatty liver around the world. As a result, in biomedical imaging, a quantitative method with higher accuracy is still needed to assist radiologists in making better diagnoses. In this paper, a CAD method for the classification of liver ultrasound images is proposed. Texture features using seven different texture models have been extracted from region of interest. The extracted forty-five texture features are passed to K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) classifier for the classification purpose. Further, in this work, 10 different distance metrics have been evaluated to obtain the maximum accuracy. Additional experiments were also conducted to find the best value of K which reduces the number of errors we encounter. It has been found from the experimental results that the proposed method using K-NN classifier yielded best results with City Block distance metric and a value of k as 7. The overall accuracy obtained with these parameter settings is 96.7% with area under ROC curve as 0.99. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed method gave better results for the classification of liver ultrasound images into two categories.
Effects of Modifiers on the Properties of Asphalt for Sustainable and Improved construction of Flexible Pavements
Authors: Bansal V , Shukla B K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The need to modify the conventional type flexible pavement came up because of the rising advancement in the commercial heavy vehicles and day by day increasing vehicle density in the roads. This has led to increase in frequent monitoring and regular maintenance work of the flexible pavements. Present paper primarily focuses on two aspects, firstly to increase the life expectancy of the roads and second to build flexible pavement roads sustainably. The use of various modifiers such as plastic, glass, rubber, waste oil and fly ash in conventional pavements were studied and found to provide a way to reduce the use of asphalt and get desired strength of the pavement as per the design requirements in the present study.
A scaled three-term conjugate gradient method for convex-constrained monotone nonlinear equations and application
Authors: Abdullahi H , Awasthi A K , Waziri M Y , Halilu A S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the fastest, old, and most adopted method for solving unconstrained optimization problems is the conjugate gradient method (cg). Over the decades, several types of research have been put in place to extend the methods (cg) to solving constrained monotone nonlinear equations. This paper presents a scaled three-term cg for convex-constrained monotone nonlinear equations. The proposed method fulfills descent (sufficient) property as well as trust-region feature. Two sets of numerical experiments were carried off and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparison with existing methods in the literature. In the first experiment, the proposed method was applied and solved some convex-constrained monotone nonlinear equations using some benchmark test functions. For the second experiment, a signal problem; that arose from compressed sensing was restored by applying the proposed method.
Onset of double-diffusive convection in water and ester based magnetic nanofluids
Authors: Arora Monika , Danesh Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present paper studies the onset of double diffusive convection in water based magentic nanofluids (WMNF) and ester based magnetic nanofluids (EMNF) for a thin horizontal layer. The fluid is heated and salted from below. The effect of three important slip mechanisms viz., Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis and magnetophoresis has been incorporated. The Eigen value problem is solved by the numerical method. The results are presented for rigid-rigid boundaries in the gravity environment. Critical Rayleigh number is determined in terms of the governing non-dimensional parameters like solutal Rayleigh number, solutal Lewis number and nanoparticle concentration Rayleigh number.
Retrospective study of random and systematic errors in Head and Neck cancer Patients with Image guided Helical Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Devi Rama , Basandrai Deepak , Passi Kamlesh , Kaur Navneet , Kanda Naveen , Sharma Ishu , Anand Mridul , Singh Vikram , Kumar Munish 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Precision of radiotherapy is checked based on the matching of pre-treatment 2D portal imaging/CBCT to the reference image. The objective of this study is to find inter-fractional systematic and random setup errors (mm) for head and Neck cancer patients and also find setup margin for Planning Target Volume (PTV) at Mohan Dai Oswal Cancer Hospital Ludhiana Punjab. Inter-fractional motion errors were quantified for 10 Head and neck cancer patients who underwent image guided helical intensity modulated radiation therapy with Radixact X9 machine. One hundred fan beam computed tomography scans of 2mm slice thickness, 3.5 MV average energy and flattening filter free beam has been used to collect the data for the calculation of systematic and random errors. After patient immobilization, patient accuracy is checked with registration of pre-treatment image with reference planning image with the help of Accuray Precision image guidance protocol. For every patient 10 fan beam computed tomography images has been taken. Translational errors have been calculated in X, Y and Z direction to find systematic error (∑) and random error (σ). The final PTV margin is calculated by van Herk’s equation (2.5∑ + 0.7σ). The results of this study shows that mean translational errors varies from -2.3 mm to 3.3 mm in lateral direction (X), -3.6 mm to 1.7 mm in longitudinal direction (Y), -2.7 mm to 1.5 mm in vertical direction (Z). The mean and standard deviation (SD) for systematic errors are 1.467, 0.8, 0.923 and random error 0.0595, 0.02266, 0.03824 in X, Y and Z direction has been calculated. The Total Margin for CTV to PTV which include setup margin (mm) in X, Y and Z direction are 3.7 mm, 2.02 mm and 2.33 mm. In addition to that, a PTV margin of 5.00 mm is the appropriate margin for Mohan Dai Oswal Cancer Hospital’s patients. This work conclude that CTV to PTV margin of 5.00 mm is suitable for image guided helical intensity modulated radiation therapy for Head and neck patients to ensure the minimum 95% coverage of dose to target
Geodesic Lightlike Submanifolds of Lorentzian Para-Sasakian Manifolds
Authors: Lone Ejaz Sabir , Pandey Pankaj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study invariant lightlike submanifolds of Lorentzian para-sasakian manifolds. We investigate geodesic CR-lightlike submanifolds of Lorentzian para-sasakian manifolds. We study screen CR-lightlike submanifolds of Lorentzian para-sasakian manifolds. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for mixed geodesic, totally geodesic,

D
¯

-geodesic and

D
ˊ

-geodesic contact CR-lightlike submanifolds and SCR-lightlike submanifolds are obtained.
Construction of three-associate class PBIB designs by generating a set of square matrices
Authors: Sharma Kush , Garg Davinder Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present paper deals with the construction of three-associate class PBIB designs. For this, we have first discussed a procedure to generate a set of square matrices. The construction of this set of matrices has been completely generalized. Then using this set of matrices, we have proposed a new three-associate class association scheme based on which we have constructed some series of PBIB designs. The complementary designs of the proposed PBIB designs have also been discussed. At the end of the paper, a table has been given which enlists some of the PBIB designs constructed in this paper.