bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital anomalies during the 2015–2018 Zika virus epidemic: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Venancio Fabio Antonio , Quilião Maria Eulina , de Almeida Moura Danielli , de Azevedo Micael Viana , de Almeida Metzker Sahra , Mareto Lisany Krug , de Medeiros Márcio José , Santos-Pinto Cláudia Du Bocage , de Oliveira Everton Falcão 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital anomalies are associated with several clinical and epidemiological complications. Following the Zika epidemic onset in Latin America, the incidence of congenital anomalies increased in Brazil. This study aimed to determine the frequency of congenital anomalies in one Brazilian state and assess potential factors associated with them.

Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study was based on data concerning congenital anomalies recorded in the Brazilian Live-Born Information System during the Zika epidemic in Mato Grosso do Sul state from 2015 to 2018. Congenital anomalies were stratified according to year of birth and classified using ICD-10 categories.

Results
In total, 1,473 (0.85%) anomalies were registered. Within the number of cases recorded, microcephaly showed the greatest frequency and variations, with a 420% increase observed in the number of cases from 2015 to 2016. We identified an increase in the incidence of central nervous system anomalies, with the highest peak observed in 2016 followed by a subsequent decrease. Musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular system anomalies, and eye, ear, face, and neck anomalies represented 73.9% of all recorded anomalies. There was an increased chance of congenital anomalies in uneducated (odds ratio [OR] 5.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61–11.84) and Indigenous (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.69) women, as well as among premature births (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.39–3.13).

Conclusions
We estimated the incidence of congenital anomalies during the Zika epidemic. Our findings could help to support future research and intervention strategies in health facilities to better identify and assist children born with congenital anomalies.
Acute effect of fine particulate matter and respiratory mortality in Changsha, China: a time-series analysis
Authors: Feng Qi , Chen Yan , Su Sha , Zhang Xixing , Lin Xijian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have confirmed that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with respiratory disease mortality. However, due to the differences in PM2.5 concentration, composition and population susceptibility within different regions, the estimates of the association between PM2.5 concentration and mortality are different. Moreover, few studies have examined the potential hazard of excessive PM2.5 exposure in terms of respiratory disease mortality.

Methods
Daily recorded data on meteorological indices, environmental pollutants, and causes of death data in Changsha from January 2015 to December 2018 were obtained. The potential relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory disease mortality was determined using distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM), which includes the relative risk (RR) and cumulative relative risk (CRR) of the lagged effect. The synergistic effects of other air pollutants were also considered.

Results
A total of 8,825 cases of respiratory disease mortality occurred in Changsha between 2015 and 2018. The acute effect of PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease mortality. Regarding the lag specific effect, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration on respiratory disease mortality was statistically significant at lag day 0 and lag day 7 with a relative risk of 1.019 (95% CI 1.007- 1.031) and 1.013(95%CI: 1.002-1.024). As for the cumulative lag effect, a 4-day moving average of PM2.5 concentrations was significantly associated with a cumulative relative risk of 1.027 (95%CI: 1.011-1.031). The single-day lag effect and cumulative 4-day lag effect for male individuals were more significant than those observed in females. The effect of PM2.5 concentrations and respiratory disease mortality remained statistically significant in the multi-pollutant models (SO2, NO2, and O3). A higher risk was observed in the cold season than in the warm season.

Conclusions
Our findings show a potential association between exposure to PM2.5 concentration and respiratory disease mortality in Changsha, with male individuals observed to have particularly higher risk.
Association of Underlying Comorbidities and Sites of tuberculosis: an analysis using surveillance data
Authors: Jeong Yun-Jeong , Kang Ji Young , Kim Hyung Woo , Min Jinsoo , Ko Yousang , Oh Jee Youn , Kang Hyeon Hui , Lim Sung Chul , Hwang Hun-Gyu , Shin Kyeong-Cheol , Lee Heung Bum , Kim Ju Sang , Park Jae Seuk , Lee Sung Soon , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly heterogeneous disease that can affect any organ. Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is more difficult to diagnose due to various clinical presentations. Depending on the characteristics of the patient, the involved site of TB may vary. However, data on clinical characteristics of EPTB are inconsistent and insufficient. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) and EPTB and describe characteristic differences for each involved site.

Methods
We systemically collected data of TB patients included in the national surveillance system in South Korea from July 2018 to June 2019 and compared the characteristics of patients with EPTB with that of PTB.

Results
A total of 7674 patients with a mean age of 60.9 years were included. Among them, 6038 (78.7%) patients were diagnosed with PTB and 1636 (21.3%) with EPTB. In PTB group, the mean age (61.7 ± 18.7 vs. 57.8 ± 19.9) and proportion of male sex (63.3% vs. 50.1%) were higher, but the body mass index was lower (21.2 ± 3.4 vs. 22.7 ± 3.5) than that of the EPTB group. Prevalence of diabetes (20.5% vs. 16.9%) and chronic lung disease (5.1% vs. 2.9%) were higher in PTB group, meanwhile, those of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2.7% vs. 5.4%) and long-term steroid use (0.4% vs. 1.0%) were higher in EPTB group. Abdominal TB was more prevalent in patients with chronic liver disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.52–4.74), and urogenital TB was more prevalent in patients with CKD (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.08–6.99).

Conclusions
We found that underlying comorbidities were closely associated with the location of TB development, and therefore, the possibility of EPTB should be carefully evaluated while monitoring for underlying disease in TB-endemic areas.
Pronator teres nerve branch transfer to the extensor carpi radialis brevis nerve branch for wrist extension reconstruction in proximal radial nerve injury following humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Tian Jia , Leng Minghao , Wang Kun , Huang Qishun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Tendon and nerve transfers are used for functional reconstruction in cases of proximal radial nerve injury complicated by humeral fractures in patients who do not show functional recovery after primary nerve repair. The effectiveness of pronator teres (PT) nerve branch transfer to the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ERCB) nerve branch for wrist extension reconstruction was investigated and compared to the results of tendon transfer.

Methods
This study included 10 patients with proximal radial nerve injury, who did not show functional recovery after primary nerve repair at our hospital between April 2016 and May 2019. The nerve transfer procedure included PT nerve branch transfer to the ECRB nerve branch to restore wrist extension and the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) nerve branch to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) to restore thumb and finger extension. Tendon transfer procedures included PT transfer to the ECRB for wrist extension, FCR transfer to the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) for finger extension and palmaris longus (PL) transfer to the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) for thumb extension.

Results
Five patients recovered Medical Research Council grade M4 muscle strength in the ECRB and EPL in both tendon and nerve groups. Two patients recovered grade M3 strength and three patients recovered grade M4 strength in the EDC in the tendon transfer group, and all five patients recovered grade M4 strength in the EDC in the nerve transfer group. Limited wrist flexion was observed only in one patient in the tendon transfer group.

Conclusion
PT nerve branch transfer to the ECRB nerve branch combined with FCR nerve branch transfer to PIN is a useful strategy for wrist and fingers extension reconstruction in patients with proximal radial nerve injuries.
15-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ-15): structural and criterion validity on patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Frota Natália Teixeira , Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes Cid André , Pontes-Silva André , Pinheiro Jocassia Silva , de Jesus Sulamizia Filomena Costa , Apahaza Gabriel Henrique Santin , da Silva Souza Cesário , Avila Mariana Arias , Dibai-Filho Almir Vieira 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) is one of the most used instruments to measure self-reported disability in patients with low back pain, however, the uncertainty on which version to use may lead to inadequate disability measurement and consequently, improper management of patients with chronic low back pain.

Objective
To propose a short version of the RMDQ, compare it with the other short versions presented by the specialized literature, and identify the best internal structure of the RMDQ for the Brazilian population.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study in which we used confirmatory factor analysis to identify the best structure of the RMDQ. We assessed 545 participants, most of which were women, aged ≥ 30 years old, single, with mean low back pain intensity ~ 5 points, and mean pain chronicity ~ 72 months. We used lavaan and semPlot packages, with implementation of a tetrachoric matrix and the robust diagonally weighted least squares extraction method. We also used fit indices chi-square/degree of freedom, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, root mean square error of approximation, and standardized root mean squared residual. For the comparison between models, we considered the structure with the lowest values of the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. In addition, we assessed criterion validity via Spearman’s correlation coefficient to correlate the long and short versions. In this study, the 15-item structure was created through the use of modification indices to identify redundant items (9 items were excluded).

Results
RMDQ structure with one domain and 15 items and the structure with two domains and 16 items showed all fit indices with adequate values, but the one-dimensional version showed the lowest Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion values. Regarding criterion validity, correlation between the RMDQ with 24 items and 15 items is adequate (rho = 0.954, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The RMDQ-15 is a short version of the RMDQ instrument with the most adequate internal structure and satisfactorily correlated with the long version of the instrument.
Magnitude and attributed reasons for adult weight gain amongst women at increased risk of breast cancer
Authors: Pegington Mary , Harkness Elaine F. , Howell Anthony , Evans D. Gareth , Harvie Michelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Excess weight (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) and weight gain during adult life increase the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in women who are already at increased risk of the disease. Reasons for weight gain in this population can inform strategies for weight gain prevention.

Methods
Baseline data from six weight loss studies for women at increased risk of breast cancer (age 31–74 years) were collated. Self-reported patterns of adult weight gain and attributed reasons for weight gain before joining the weight loss study were reported for the whole population and secondary analyses reported the different reasons given by women with/without children, pre−/peri- or postmenopausal, and moderate/high risk of breast cancer.

Results
Five hundred and one women with a mean age of 47.6 (SD 8.4) years and median BMI of 29.9 (IQR 27.0–34.7) kg/m2 were included in the analyses. The median weight gain since young adulthood (18–20 years) was 20.5 (IQR 14.0–29.7) kg or 33.7 (23.4–50.2) % and median annual weight gain was 0.73 (IQR 0.51–1.08) kg. Four hundred and one women were included in analysis of weight gain reasons. The main five self-reported reasons for weight gain were children / childcare / pregnancy (stated by 55.9% of participants), followed by inactivity (41.9%), comfort or boredom eating (38.2%), portion size (32.4%), and stress (27.4%). Reasons appeared broadly similar between the different groups in the secondary analyses.

Conclusions
We have highlighted common reasons for weight gain in women at increased risk of breast cancer. This will inform future interventions to support women to avoid weight gain in adulthood which would reduce the burden of breast cancer.

Trial registration
NIHR NRR N0226132725, ISRCTN52913838, ISRCTN77916487, ISRCTN91372184, ISRCTN10803394 and ISRCTN16431108.
Challenges associated with the integration of immuno-oncology agents in clinical practice
Authors: Lazure Patrice , Parikh Aparna R. , Ready Neal E. , Davies Marianne J. , Péloquin Sophie , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Lewandowski Robert , Lazar Alexander J. , Murray Suzanne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The availability of new immuno-oncology therapeutics markedly impacts oncology clinicians’ treatment decision-making. To effectively support healthcare professionals (HCPs) in their practice, it is important to better understand the challenges and barriers that can accompany the introduction of these agents. This study aimed to establish the types and causes of clinical challenges posed by the introduction of new immuno-oncology agents.

Methods
The mixed-methods design included qualitative in-depth interviews and group discussions with HCPs, in which participants discussed clinical challenges and potential underlying reasons for these challenges. Qualitative findings informed a quantitative survey. This survey investigated the extent and distribution of challenges using HCPs’ self-rating of knowledge, skill, confidence, and exposure to system-level effects. These two phases were conducted sequentially with distinctly stratified samples of oncologists, nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), pathologists, clinical pharmacists, interventional radiologists, rheumatologists, pulmonologists, and emergency department physicians. Participants were from the United States and had various levels of clinical experience and represented both academic and community-based settings.

Results
The final sample included 107 HCPs in the qualitative phase and 554 in the quantitative phase. Analyses revealed clinical challenges related to the use of pharmacodiagnostics. For example, 47% of pathologists and 42% of oncologists reported skill gaps in identifying the appropriate marker and 46% of oncologists, 61% of PAs, 66% of NPs, 74% of pulmonologists and 81% of clinical pharmacists reported skill gaps in selecting treatment based on test results. Challenges also emerged regarding the integration of immuno-oncology agents, as oncologists, rheumatologists, pulmonologists, clinical pharmacists, PAs, and NPs reported knowledge gaps (74-81%) of the safety profiles of recently approved agents. In addition, 90% of clinical pharmacists reported skill gaps weighing the risks and benefits of treating patients with immuno-oncology agents while affected by lupus. Finally, patient communication challenges were identified: HCPs reported difficulties discussing essential aspects of immunotherapy to patients as well as how they might compare to other types of therapies.

Conclusion
The challenges highlighted in this study reveal substantial educational gaps related to the integration of immuno-oncology agents into practice for various groups of HCPs. These findings provide a strong base of evidence for future educational initiatives.
Measuring rurality in health services research: a scoping review
Authors: Danek Robin , Blackburn Justin , Greene Marion , Mazurenko Olena , Menachemi Nir 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study is a scoping review of the different methods used to measure rurality in the health services research (HSR) literature.

Methods
We identified peer-reviewed empirical studies from 2010–2020 from seven leading HSR journals, including the Journal of Rural Health, that used any definition to measure rurality as a part of their analysis. From each study, we identified the geographic unit (e.g., county, zip code) and definition (e.g., Rural Urban Continuum Codes, Rural Urban Commuting Areas) used to classify categories of rurality. We analyzed whether geographic units and definitions used to classify rurality differed by focus area of studies, including costs, quality, and access to care. Lastly, we examined the number of rural categories used by authors to assess rural areas.

Findings
In 103 included studies, five different geographic units and 11 definitions were used to measure rurality. The most common geographic units used to measure rurality were county (n = 59, 57%), which was used most frequently in studies examining cost (n = 12, 75%) and access (n = 33, 57.9%). Rural Urban Commuting Area codes were the most common definition used to measure rurality for studies examining access (n = 13, 22.8%) and quality (n = 10, 44%). The majority of included studies made rural versus urban comparisons (n = 82, 80%) as opposed to focusing on rural populations only (n = 21, 20%). Among studies that compared rural and urban populations, most studies used only one category to identify rural locations (n = 49 of 82 studies, 60%).

Conclusion
Geographic units and definitions to determine rurality were used inconsistently within and across studies with an HSR focus. This finding may affect how health disparities by rural location are determined and thus how resources and federal funds are allocated. Future research should focus on developing a standardized system to determine under what circumstances researchers should use different geographic units and methods to determine rurality by HSR focus area.
Histological and biochemical evaluation of plasma rich in growth factors treatment for grade II muscle injuries in sheep
Authors: Aguilar-García Daniel , Fernández-Sarmiento J. Andrés , del Mar Granados Machuca María , Rodríguez Juan Morgaz , Rascón Pilar Muñoz , Calvo Rocío Navarrete , Ruiz Yolanda Millán , Poveda José María Carrillo , Castañeda Juan Muñoz , Bertomeu Ramón Cugat , Domínguez Pérez Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to perform a histological and biochemical evaluation of the influence of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on muscle regeneration process after a surgically induced grade II muscle laceration. A randomized, single blind, controlled experimental research was conducted including twenty-one adult healthy sheep, randomly divided in three groups (n = 7). A grade II surgical section was performed in the biceps femoris muscle of both hindlimbs. After two days (basal time), intralesional infiltration of autologous PRGF or Saline solution was randomly administered in both hindlimbs. Treatment was repeated once a week. Animal groups were euthanized at 1 (T1), 2 (T2) or 4 (T4) weeks. Histological assessment showed that PRGF intralesional injection induced a significant decrease of inflammatory cells density, significant higher centrally nucleated fibers percentage and significantly smaller fibrotic areas compared to Saline-treated muscles at T1, T2 and T4. Also, lower vascular density, with lower capillaries cross-sectional area, in PRGF group compared to Saline was observed. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant higher expression level ofMYOD1,MYF5andMYOGgenes in PRGF groups at T1 compared to Saline treated muscles. At ultrastructural level, PRGF groups presented scarce edema and loss of connective tissue structure, as well as higher mitochondrial density adequately associated to the sarcomere unit in contrast to the Saline group. In conclusion, histological, biochemical, and ultrastructural results showed that PRGF treatment improved muscle regeneration process leading to more mature histological aspect in newly formed muscle tissue after a surgically induced grade II muscle injury.
An unexpected cause of dysuria in a cat in Poland
Authors: Miszczak Marta , Wyleżoł Oliwia , Prorok Paulina , Bierowiec Karolina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infestation byCapillariaspp. in domestic cats is rather rare, but can cause clinical symptoms and affect behaviour. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a case of urinary capillariosis in a cat in Poland.Case presentationA female formerly stray cat aged about 1.5 years showing dysuria, stranguria, periuria and lethargy was presented at the veterinary clinic. Urinalysis revealed the presence ofCapillaria plicaeggs in the sediment. The cat was treated successfully with three topical doses of Broadline (Merial, Toulouse, France).ConclusionsC. plicais a nematode whose definitive hosts are carnivores, which are infected by eating earthworms (the intermediate hosts). Thus,C. plicainfestation is more frequent in wild carnivores and dogs, and rare in cats. Symptomatic bladder capillariosis in cats is very rarely diagnosed and described.
Calcium chloride diluted in ethanol 95% as female sterilizing agent: effect of transcutaneous delivery in rats
Authors: Gomes Etiele Maldonado , dos Santos Endreo Alan Pail , Trost Maria Elisa , de Souza Campos Gabrielle Christine , Thiesen Roberto , da Exaltação Pascon João Paulo , Machado Ingrid Rios Lima , de Arruda Mestieri Maria Ligia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Different fertility control methods are investigated as a tool for population control of free-roaming animals. Chemical castration using calcium chloride has been widely studied over the years in males, but there are few studies related to its use in females. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the local effects, as a potential chemosterilant, of two concentrations of calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol when administered by transcutaneous ultrasound-guided intraovarian injection in rats. In this study, 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups, which consisted of transcutaneous ultrasound-guided intraovarian injection of: 0.9% sodium chloride solution (GC); 10% calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol (G10); 20% calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol (G20). The animals were subdivided into two evaluation times, 15 days (n = 5 of each group) and 30 days (n = 5 of each group) after the intraovarian injection. The ovarian diameter was measured using ultrasound image prior and immediately after the injection and after the treatment period. Furthermore, animals’ clinical evaluation, estrous cycles assessment, macroscopic examination of the abdominal cavity and histological evaluation of the ovaries were performed.

Results
Ovarian ultrasound measurement revealed changes (p < 0.05) between ovarian diameters before and immediately after the injection in all treatments. Three animals in G20 had a small focal skin lesion at the injection site that evolved to total healing. Extended and abnormal estrous cycles were observed in G10 and G20. At gross examination, adhesions and ovarian cysts were noticed in both groups, G10 and G20. Also, the histopathology analysis revealed changes in ovarian architecture and vessel congestion in G10 and G20, but ovarian tissue damage was greater in the ovaries treated with the highest concentration (G20).

Conclusions
The results indicate that 20% calcium chloride diluted in 95% ethanol may be a potential agent for inducing sterilization in females and was possible to be minimally invasively delivered.