bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double Fenestrated Physician-Modified Stent Graft for Endovascular Treatment of Traumatic Aortic Isthmus Rupture With an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery
Authors: Freycon-Tardy Leonore , Ozdemir Baris Ata , Hireche Kheira , Alric Pierre , Canaud Ludovic 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of urgent endovascular treatment of a traumatic aortic isthmus rupture in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery. Case report: A 23-year-old man was admitted to a regional trauma center after a motor vehicle collision and found to have cerebral trauma and a large pseudoaneurysm of the aortic arch. Trauma computed tomography (CT) identified a blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury with an aortic false aneurysm in the context of an aberrant right subclavian artery. A hybrid repair was performed with bilateral subclavian carotid bypasses and a double fenestrated physician-modified stent graft. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Postoperative CT scan showed sealing of the aortic arch rupture and patency of all the supra-aortic trunks. Conclusion: Endovascular repair of blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury is considered first-line therapy. Aortic arch anomalies add complexity to treatment. This report demonstrates that a hybrid strategy with bilateral carotid-axillary bypasses and homemade double fenestrated endograft of the aortic arch is a valuable approach for this challenging emergency in the context of an aberrant right subclavian artery.
Breast cancer detection across dense and non-dense breasts: Markers of diagnostic confidence and efficacy
Authors: Hadadi Ibrahim , Rae William , Clarke Jillian , McEntee Mark , Ekpo Ernest 
Published: January 2022

Background The impact of radiologists’ characteristics has become a major focus of recent research. However, the markers of diagnostic efficacy and confidence in dense and non-dense breasts are poorly understood. Purpose This study aims to assess the relationship between radiologists’ characteristics and diagnostic performance across dense and non-dense breasts. Materials and methods Radiologists specialising in breast imaging ( n = 128) who had 0.5–40 (13±10.6) years of experience reading mammograms were recruited. Participants independently interpreted a test set containing 60 digital mammograms (40 normal and 20 abnormal) with similarly distributed breast densities. Diagnostic performance measures were analysed via Jamovi software (version 1.6.22). Results In dense breasts, breast-imaging fellowship completion significantly improved specificity ( p = 0.004), location sensitivity ( p = 0.01) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic ( p = 0.03). Only participation in BreastScreen reading significantly improved all performance metrics: specificity ( p = 0.04), sensitivity ( p = 0.005), location sensitivity ( p < 0.001) and AUC ( p < 0.001). Reading > 100 mammograms weekly significantly improved sensitivity ( p = 0.03), location sensitivity ( p = 0.001), and AUC ( p = 0.03).In non-dense breasts, breast fellowship completion significantly improved sensitivity ( p = 0.02), location sensitivity ( p = 0.04) and AUC ( p = 0.002). Participation in BreastScreen reading and reading > 100 mammograms weekly significantly improved only sensitivity ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively) and location sensitivity ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Participating in screening programs, breast fellowships and reading > 100 mammograms weekly are important indicators of the diagnostic performance of radiologists across dense and non-dense breasts. In dense breasts, optimal performance resulted from participation in a breast screening program.
A Preliminary Investigation on the “Swinging Kidney”: A Sonographic Sign Useful for Diagnosing Renal Colic
Authors: Castelletto Silvia , Amore Giulia , Giudice Caterina Anna , Orso Daniele , Copetti Roberto 
Published: January 2022

Objective: During acute renal colic due to nephrolithiasis, a new sonographic diagnostic sign was noted, called “a swinging kidney.” This term was given due to a characteristic anteroposterior “rolling” movement of the kidney. A preliminary investigation was conducted to evaluate the correlation between this new diagnostic sign and nephrolithiasis. Materials and Methods: An exploratory observational investigation was conducted on adult patients who accessed an emergency medicine department, with acute renal colic, between June 1, 2019, and October 31, 2019. Results: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled. The “swinging kidney” was present in 26 cases (70%). This sign was correlated with a stone’s diameter of less than 10 mm (χ2: 4.68; P = .031), and with a stone localization in the juxtavesical ureter tract site (χ2: 10.83; P = .029). Spontaneously stone expulsion was correlated with the presence of the “swinging kidney” (χ2: 4.66; P = .031); with the minor degree of hydronephrosis (χ2: 16.82; P = .0008), and with a distal localization of the stone (χ2: 25.11; P = 1:47 × 10−5). Conclusion: The “swinging kidney” may be a promising diagnostic sign that could be useful in diagnosing nephrolithiasis besides the other indirect sonographic signs. This new diagnostic sign could have a prognostic role.
Mendelian randomization analysis of vitamin D in the secondary prevention of hypertensive-diabetic subjects: role of facilitating blood pressure control
Authors: Chan Yap-Hang , Schooling C. Mary , Zhao Jie V. , Yeung Shiu-Lun Au , Hai Jo Jo , Thomas G. Neil , Cheng Kar-Keung , Jiang Chao-Qiang , Wong Yuen-Kwun , Au Ka-Wing , Tang Clara S. , Cheung Chloe Y. Y. , Xu Aimin , Sham Pak-Chung , Lam Tai-Hing , Lam Karen Siu-Ling , Tse Hung-Fat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D (Vit-D) promotes vascular repair and its deficiency is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. Whether genetially predicted vitamin D status (serological 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) confers secondary protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among high-risk hypertensive-diabetic subjects was unknown.

Methods
This is a prospective, individual-data, two-sample Mendelian randomization study. We interrogated 12 prior GWAS-detected SNPs of comprehensive Vit-D mechanistic pathways using high-throughput exome chip analyses in a derivation subcohort (n = 1460) and constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) (rs2060793, rs4588, rs7041; F-statistic = 32, P < 0.001) for causal inference of comprehensive CVD hard clinical endpoints in an independent sample of hypertensive subjects (n = 3746) with prevailing co-morbid T2DM (79%) and serological 25(OH)D deficiency [< 20 ng/mL] 45%.

Results
After 55.6 ± 28.9 months, 561 (15%) combined CVD events including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and cardiovascular death had occurred. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that genetically predicted reduced vitamin D status was associated with reduced event-free survival from combined CVD events (log-rank = 13.5, P = 0.001). Multivariate-adjusted per-allele increase in GRS predicted reduced combined CVD events (HR = 0.90 [0.84 to 0.96], P = 0.002). Mendelian randomization indicates that increased Vit-D exposure, leveraged through each 1 ng/mL genetically instrumented rise of serum Vit-D, protects against combined CVD events (Wald’s estimate: OR = 0.86 [95%CI 0.75 to 0.95]), and myocardial infarction (OR = 0.76 [95%CI 0.60 to 0.90]). Furthermore, genetically predicted increase in Vit-D status ameliorates risk of deviation from achieving guideline-directed hypertension control (JNC-8: systolic target < 150 mmHg) (OR = 0.89 [95%CI 0.80 to 0.96]).

Conclusions
Genetically predicted increase in Vit-D status [25(OH)D] may confer secondary protection against incident combined CVD events and myocardial infarction in a hypertensive-diabetic population where serological 25(OH)D deficiency is common, through facilitating blood pressure control.
Construction of pH-responsive nanocarriers in combination with ferroptosis and chemotherapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yue Huan , Gou Luxia , Tang Zhenrong , Liu Yuyang , Liu Shengchun , Tang Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy is widely used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although sorafenib (SO) is the only chemotherapy drug approved by FDA for treatment of HCC, it is associated with several disadvantages including low water solubility, low bioavailability, lack of targeting and easily causes systemic toxicity. In recent years, nanocarriers have shown promise in drug delivery to effectively solve these problems. Herein, we used SO-loaded nanocarriers to overcome the defects of chemotherapy during treatment of HCC. Specifically, we encapsulated pH-sensitive hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPB) with SO (an inhibitor of multi-kinase and accelerant of ferroptosis) to act as carriers and facilitate drug release. We also coated its surface with a layer of pH-responsive chitosan (CS) to block the drug and increase biocompatibility. Finally, we successfully constructed HP/SO/CS nanocomposites for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, with the aim of initiating chemotherapy and ferroptosis for dual treatment of tumors. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed for evaluation of the nanocomposites’ anti-tumor efficacy by using liver cancer cells and mice, respectively.

Results
The nanocomposites specifically targeted tumor cells through enhancing permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Results from in vitro experiments showed that the nanocarriers not only promoted cell apoptosis and reduced the number of cells for chemotherapy, but also promoted accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). In vivo experiments showed that mice in the nanocomposite-treated group exhibited the smallest tumor sizes and body weights, with no obvious damage to normal tissues and organs.

Conclusion
Taken together, these findings indicated that nanocarriers had an effective inhibitory effect on HCC cells. This safe and multifunctional treatment model was a valuable option for the treatment of HCC, as well as other cancers.

Graphical Abstract
The inhibitory role of si-UBB delivered by degradable dendrimers-based lipid nanoparticles in ovarian cancer
Authors: Shu Shanrong , Liu Xiaoping , Xu Ming , Lin Yaduan , Li Ruiman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
RNA interference holds tremendous potential in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, efficient and biocompatible delivery methods are needed for systemic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). In this study, we explored the delivery efficiency and therapy effect of si-UBB-5A2SC8 in ovarian cancer.

Methods and materials
Si-UBB-5A2SC8 nanoparticles were successfully prepared according to the established procedure and the characteristic of nanoparticles was determined by digital laser scanning. Flow cytometry and confocal analysis demonstrated si-UBB was efficiently transfected to cell by the delivery of 5A2SC8 complexes. The in vitro gene knockdown efficiency of ubiquitin B was demonstrated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, which was further verified by the inhibition of proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Accumulative efficiency of si-UBB-5A2SC8 nanoparticles was investigated in BALB/c mice bearing SKOV3-GFP tumor xenograft. In vivo imaging was adopted to test the accurate location of the nanoparticle in the tumor. The feature of the tumor and pivotal organ was determined. TUNEL and caspase-3 expression was used to analyze the underling mechanism of the inhibition effect.

Results
The average size and the zeta potential of the si-UBB-5A2SC8 was (150 ± 11) nm and − (20 ± 4) mV, respectively. Transmission electronic microscopy showed the nanoparticle was near-spherical with the mean size of (100 ± 15) nm. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopic images demonstrated 5A2SC8 complex could successfully deliver Cy5.5-siRNA to the cytoplasm of ovarian cancer cells. qRT-PCR and western blot demonstrated the mRNA and protein expression of ubiquitin B was decreased to 62.5% and 36.5% of the control group, which was accompanied with the decreased proliferation and migration ability in si-UBB-5A2SC8-transfected cells. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated 5A2SC8 complex could successfully carry siRNA to the tumor lesion and exert the inhibition effect, which was verified by the decreased tumor weight and increased apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in mice treated with si-UBB-5A2SC8.

Conclusions
5A2SC8 complex was a safe and efficient gene delivery vehicle and ubiquitin B was a potential target for the ovarian cancer targeted therapy.
The impact of face shields on the quality of gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Jong Yoon , Kang Yeo Wool , Koh Myeongseok , Kim Dong Kyun , Jang Jin Seok , Lee Jong Hoon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, with healthcare workers at a high risk of exposure. During this pandemic, endoscopists must wear personal protective equipment (PPE), including face shields, to prevent COVID-19 transmission; however, few studies have reported the impact of face shields on the quality of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. We aimed to determine whether the use of PPE, including face shields, affected the quality of GI endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The medical records of patients who had undergone screening or surveillance colonoscopy and gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at Dong-A University Hospital between June 2020 and March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Endoscopists wore isolation gowns, disposable gloves, and KF94 masks from June 2020 to October 2020. From November 2020, endoscopists also wore face shields. We compared GI endoscopy quality indicators between the first five months (no face shields) and the second five months (with face shields). In the non-face shield and face shield groups, we calculated the overall adenoma detection rates (ADRs), polyp detection rate (PDR), sessile serrated lesion detection rate (SSLDR), advanced neoplasia detection rate (ANDR), complete resection rate (CRR), number of polyps and/or adenomas per colonoscopy, and gastric ESD procedure time.

Results
In total, 1359 study patients had undergone screening or surveillance colonoscopy (face shield group, n = 679; non-face shield group, n = 680). No statistically significant between-group differences were observed (PDR, 49.04 vs. 52.50%, p = 0.202; ADR, 38.59 vs. 38.97%, p = 0.884; SSPDR, 1.91 vs. 1.32%, p = 0.388; ANDR, 3.98 vs. 3.97%, p = 0.991, respectively). No difference was found in colonoscopy quality indicators between patients examined by experienced and trainee endoscopists with and without face shields. Of 144 study patients who had undergone gastric ESD for gastric neoplasms, there were 72 patients in each group. No statistically significant differences were found in the CRR (94.44 vs 93.05%, p = 1.000) and procedure times (19.22 ± 9.33 vs. 19.03 ± 11.49, p = 0.911).

Conclusions
Wearing face shields during the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the quality indicators for GI endoscopy.
Sensitivity of contact-tracing for COVID-19 in Thailand: a capture-recapture application
Authors: Lerdsuwansri R. , Sangnawakij P. , Böhning D. , Sansilapin C. , Chaifoo W. , Polonsky Jonathan A. , Del Rio Vilas Victor J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
We investigate the completeness of contact tracing for COVID-19 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand, from early January 2020 to 30 June 2020.

Methods
Uni-list capture-recapture models were applied to the frequency distributions of index cases to inform two questions: (1) the unobserved number of index cases with contacts, and (2) the unobserved number of index cases with secondary cases among their contacts.

Results
Generalized linear models (using Poisson and logistic families) did not return any significant predictor (age, sex, nationality, number of contacts per case) on the risk of transmission and hence capture-recapture models did not adjust for observed heterogeneity. Best fitting models, a zero truncated negative binomial for question 1 and zero-truncated Poisson for question 2, returned sensitivity estimates for contact tracing performance of 77.6% (95% CI = 73.75–81.54%) and 67.6% (95% CI = 53.84–81.38%), respectively. A zero-inflated negative binomial model on the distribution of index cases with secondary cases allowed the estimation of the effective reproduction number at 0.14 (95% CI = 0.09–0.22), and the overdispersion parameter at 0.1.

Conclusion
Completeness of COVID-19 contact tracing in Thailand during the first wave appeared moderate, with around 67% of infectious transmission chains detected. Overdispersion was present suggesting that most of the index cases did not result in infectious transmission chains and the majority of transmission events stemmed from a small proportion of index cases.
Description of antibiotic treatment in adults tested for Clostridioides difficile infection: a single-center case–control study
Authors: Kim Min Hyung , Kim Yong Chan , Kim Jung Lim , Park Yoon Soo , Kim Heejung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosingClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is complicated. There have been reports on effects of compliance with anti-C. difficileprescription guidelines on patient outcomes. However, the causes of non-adherence and their impact on outcomes have rarely been explored. Therefore, an investigation on the risk factors for non-adherence with treatment guidelines and their influence on recurrence is important.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted with patients with a positiveC. difficileculture from March 2020 to April 2021. We conducted analysis based on treatment categories using factors associated with recurrent CDI as variables. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for non-adherence with treatment guidelines.ResultsIn total, culture positive stool samples from 172 patients were analyzed. Having positive glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (GDH Ag), negative toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) (GDH+/toxin EIA−/NAAT +) results were associated with both under- (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.49 [95% CI 1.62–7.51], p = 0.001) and over-treatment (aOR 0.17 [95% CI 0.06–0.48], p = 0.001). Patients with refractory diarrhea were over treated (aOR 2.71 [95% CI 1.02–7.20], p = 0.046). Patients with an increased risk of CDI recurrence were not over treated.ConclusionsOur results suggest that non-adherence with CDI treatment guidelines depends on the duration of symptoms and rapid EIA test results. Patients with an increased risk of recurrence were neglected.
An equation to estimate 24-hour total urine protein excretion rate in patients who underwent urine protein testing
Authors: Yang Fan , Shi Jing-Song , Gong Si-Wen , Xu Xiao-Dong , Le Wei-Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) in a spot first-morning urine sample is used to estimate 24-h urine proteinuria (24hUP) in patients who underwent urine protein testing. UPCR cannot be directly compared with 24-h proteinuria. Thus, an equation to estimate 24-h total protein excretion rate, using age, gender, and the UPCR may improve its bias and accuracy in patients who underwent urine protein testing.

Methods
We simultaneously measured 24-h urine protein and the same day’s first-morning spot urine from patients with kidney disease. Generalized linear and no-linear models, using age, gender, and UPCR, were constructed to estimate for 24-h urine protein and the best model (NJ equation) was selected to estimated 24 hUP (e24hUP).

Results
A total of 5435 paired samples (including a training cohort of 3803 patients and a validation cohort of 1632 patients) were simultaneously measured for UPCR and 24-h urine protein. In the training cohort, the unadjusted UPCR obviously underestimated 24-h urine protein when UPCR ≤1.2 g/g (median bias − 0.17 g/24 h) and overestimated 24-h urine protein when UPCR > 1.2 g/g (median bias 0.53 g/24 h). In the validation cohort, the NJ equation performed better than the unadjusted UPCR, with lower root mean square error (0.81 vs. 1.02, P < 0.001), less bias (median difference between measured and estimated urine protein, − 0.008 vs. 0.12), improved precision (interquartile range of the differences, 0.34 vs. 0.50), and greater accuracy (percentage of estimated urine protein within 30% of measured urine protein, 53.4% vs. 32.2%). Bland-Altman plot indicated that the agreement of spot and daily estimates was less pronounced with 24 hUP > 2 g than lower values.

Conclusions
The NJ e24hUP equation is more accurate than unadjusted UPCR to estimate 24 hUP in patients with kidney disease and could be used for laboratory application.
Beta-lactam dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy: a survey of practices in french intensive care units
Authors: Matusik Elodie , Lemtiri Justine , Wabont Guillaume , Lambiotte Fabien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Little information is available on current practice in beta-lactam dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Optimized dosing is essential for improving outcomes, and there is no consensus on the appropriate dose regimens. The objective of the present study was to describe current practice for beta-lactam dosing during CRRT in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
We conducted a nationwide survey by e-mailing an online questionnaire to physicians working in ICUs in France. The questionnaire included three sections: demographic characteristics, CRRT practices, and beta-lactam dosing regimens during CRRT.

Results
157 intensivists completed the questionnaire. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration was the most frequently used CRRT technique, and citrate was the most regularly used anticoagulant. The median prescribed dose at baseline was 30 mL/kg/h. The majority of prescribers (57%) did not reduce beta-lactam dosing during CRRT. The tools were used to adapt dosing regimens during CRRT included guidelines, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and data from the literature. When TDM was used, 100% T > 4 time the MIC was the most common mentioned pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target (53%). Pharmacokinetic software tools were rarely used. Prolonged or continuous infusions were widely used during CRRT (88%). Institutional guidelines on beta-lactam dosing during CRRT were rare. 41% of physicians sometimes consulted another specialist before adapting the dose of antibiotic during CRRT.

Conclusions
Our present results highlight the wide range of beta-lactam dosing practices adopted during CRRT. Personalized TDM and the implementation of Bayesian software appear to be essential for optimizing beta-lactam dosing regimens and improving patient outcomes.