bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure characterized of Nostoc commune polysaccharide and antioxidant activity of Gansu Nostoc commune
Authors: Xinjian Wang , Zhen Yang , Xuehong Wang , Yu Liu , Hongjuan Zhang , Ruofeng Shang , Cidan Laba , Cuomu Wujin , Baocheng Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper，Nostoc commune crude polysaccharide was extracted by hot water and Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, then purified by DEAE-cellulose52 cellulose column chromatography and Sephacryl G-100 gel column chromatography. Homogeneous polysaccharide HNCP3 extracted with hot water and UNCP4 extracted by ultrasound were obtained. The structures of HNCP3 and UNCP4 were characterized by molecular weight determination, infrared spectroscopy, DSC detection, sodium periodate oxidation, smith degradation reaction and methylation analysis. The conformation of the solution was studied by SEM and AFM. The results showed that the Ultrasonic-assisted extraction had an effect on the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition molar ratio and configuration of Nostoc commune. The main chains of HNCP3 and UNCP4 were mainly →6) -D-Glcp (1→ and →2,6) -D -Glcp, but there are 1,2,6-galactose branches and 2,3-Me2-D-Ara in UNCP4 and there is no HNCP3. The results of the composition of monosaccharides showed that both HNCP3 and UNCP4 have the presence of mannose. SEM and AFM showed that the structure of UNCP4 was helical, and the solution conformation of HNCP3 and UNCP4 was different in different solution environments. In experiments on the antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect of HNCP3 and UNCP4 in vitro, it was shown that UNCP4 has higher antioxidant activity scavenging ability and UNCP4 is stronger than HNCP3 inhibitory activity. Therefore, UAE increases the NCP extraction rate while also increasing the biological activity in NCP.
Positive effect of manipulated virtual kinematic intervention in individuals with traumatic stiff shoulder: Pilot study
Authors: Schwartz Isabella , Safran Ori , Karniel Naama , Abel Michal , Berko Adina , Seyres Martin , Tsoar Tamir , Portnoy Sigal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Virtual Reality allows to manipulate the patient’s perception, thereby providing a motivational addition to real-time biofeedback exercises. We aimed to test the effect of manipulated virtual kinematic intervention on measures of active and passive Range of Motion (ROM), pain, and disability level in individuals with traumatic stiff shoulder. In a double-blinded study, patients with stiff shoulder following proximal humerus fracture and non-operative treatment were randomly divided into a non-manipulated feedback group (NM-group; N = 6) and a manipulated feedback group (M-group; N = 7). The shoulder ROM, pain, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were tested at baseline and after the 6 sessions, during which the subjects performed shoulder flexion and abduction in front of a graphic visualization of the shoulder angle. The biofeedback provided to the NM-group was the actual shoulder angle and the feedback provided to the M-group was manipulated so that 10° were constantly subtracted from the actual angle detected by the motion capture system. The M-group showed greater improvement in the active flexion ROM (p = .046) and the DASH scores (p = .022). Manipulated intervention is beneficial in individuals with traumatic stiff shoulder and should be further tested for other populations with orthopedic injuries.
Association of JAK/STAT pathway gene polymorphisms with EGFR-TKIs adverse drug reactions in patients with advanced NSCLC
Authors: Wang Yan , Qi Huijie , Wang Tianxiao , Zhang Wenxin , Shi Xiaojin , Zhan Qiong , Li Qunyi , Zhong Mingkang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been confirmed as an effective therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-positive. However, various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are frequently occurred in patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. Genetic polymorphisms may predict EGFR-TKI-induced ADRs. We attempted to explored the potential association between the genetic polymorphisms of the JAK-STAT pathway and EGFR-TKIs related ADRs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In addition, we also researched the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Janus Kinase- Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway and clinical survival outcomes of NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs.Methods: We recruited 162 Han Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. We analyzed the relationship between the adverse reactions of EGFR-TKIs and JAK-STAT signaling pathway by single factor and multi-factor logistic regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier test was used to evaluate the association of SNPs with progression-free survival of advanced NSCLC patients.Results: In the discovery group, we found the following: There were significantly associations between the severity of adverse drug reactions caused by EGFR-TKIs and rs1053023 (P=0.016), rs1053005 (P = 0.016) in STAT3, rs324011 (P= 0.019) in STAT6. Furthermore, patients with AA genotype had a prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (P= 0.012) compared with AT and TT genotype of rs7043371. Besides, validation experiments showed that STAT3 rs1053023 (P=0.021), rs1053005 (P = 0.021), STAT6 rs324011 (P=0.002) were all significantly associated with the severity of ADRs induced by EGFR-TKIs by multivariable regression, which consistent with the study in the discovery group.Conclusions: STAT3 rs1053023, rs1053005 and STAT6 rs324011 might be potential predictors of the severity of ADRs in EGFR-TKIs treated NSCLC patients and their variants play important roles in predicting the adverse reactions of non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR-TKIs.
Differentially private federated deep learning for multi-site medical image segmentation
Authors: Ziller Alexander , Usynin Dmitrii , Remerscheid Nicolas W. , Knolle Moritz , Braren Rickmer F. , Rueckert Daniel , Kaissis Georgios 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Collaborative machine learning techniques such as federated learning (FL) enable the training of models on effectively larger datasets without data transfer. Recent initiatives have demonstrated that segmentation models trained with FL can achieve performance similar to locally trained models. However, FL is not a fully privacy-preserving technique and privacy-centred attacks can disclose confidential patient data. Thus, supplementing FL with privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) such as differential privacy (DP) is a requirement for clinical applications in a multi-institutional setting. The application of PETs to FL in medical imaging and the trade-offs between privacy guarantees and model utility, the ramifications on training performance and the susceptibility of the final models to attacks have not yet been conclusively investigated. Here we demonstrate the first application of differentially private gradient descent-based FL on the task of semantic segmentation in computed tomography. We find that high segmentation performance is possible under strong privacy guarantees with an acceptable training time penalty. We furthermore demonstrate the first successful gradient-based model inversion attack on a semantic segmentation model and show that the application of DP prevents it from divulging sensitive image features. Our code is available at https://github.com/TUM-AIMED/PrivateSegmentation.
Moxibustion exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis rats by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophage
Authors: Zhong Yu-mei , Guo Yan-ding , Luo Kun , Hu Dan-hui , Yang Xin , Zhu Jun , Gao Xiu-hua , Yu Shu-guang , Wintermark Max , Zhou Hai-yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a refractory autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis. Moxibustion is a natural therapy that possesses anti-inflammatory bioactivity. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion for the treatment of RA has not yet been clarified. Macrophage infiltration is a prominent characteristic in the pathological process of RA synovitis.
Objective
The aim of the present research is to investigate the effect of moxibustion on the polarization of macrophage.
Methods
The rats' right hind paws were injected with freundʼs complete adjuvant (FCA) to establish the model of RA. Seven days after the injection of FCA, moxibustion therapy was performed on the acupoints of Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36) once a day for three weeks. The Immunofluorescence, Western bolt and Elisa were used to analyze the influence of moxibustion on the expression of STAT1/miR-155/SOCS1 signaling pathway and macrophage's marker.
Results
We observed that moxibustion decreased the thickness of foot pad and arthritis scores. Moxibustion up-regulated the exression of Tim-3, promoted the polarization of macrophages to M2 type and inhibited the polarization of macrophages to M1 type. Treatment with moxibustion decreased the level of interleukin (IL)-23 and increased the level of IL-4, IL-10 and Argininase (Arg)-1. Moreover, moxibustion blocked the activation of STAT1/miR-155/SOCS1 signaling pathway and promoted the polarization of macrophages to M2 type. Furthermore, when Tim-3 was knocked down, the anti-inflammatory effect of moxibustion was reduced and the effect of regulating macrophage polarization was inhibited.
Conclusion
moxibustion may regulate the expression of related molecules in the STAT1/miR-155/SOCS1 signaling pathway through Tim-3, promote the polarization of macrophages M2, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects.
Development of China's first space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar: retrieval algorithm and airborne demonstration
Authors: Ke Ju , Sun Yingshan , Dong Changzhe , Zhang Xingying , Wang Zijun , Lyu Liqing , Zhu Wei , Ansmann Albert , Su Lin , Bu Lingbing , Xiao Da , Wang Shuaibo , Chen Sijie , Liu Jiqiao , Chen Weibiao , Liu Dong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth's radiation budget and global climate. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been recognized as a promising active remote sensing technique for the vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds. China is developing its first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar (ACHSRL) for global high accuracy observations of aerosols/clouds profiles. This study presents a retrieval algorithm for aerosol and cloud optical properties from ACHSRL which was compared with the end-to-end Monte-Carlo simulations and validated with the data from an airborne flight with the ACHSRL prototype (A2P) instrument. Using imaging denoising, threshold discrimination, and iterative reconstruction methods, this algorithm was developed for calibration, feature detection, and extinction coefficient retrievals. The simulation results show that 95.4% of the backscatter coefficient have an error less than 12% while 95.4% of extinction coefficient have an error less than 24%. Cirrus and marine and urban aerosols were identified based on the airborne measurements over different surface types. Then, comparisons were made with U.S. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) profiles, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the ground-based sun photometers. High correlations (R > 0.79) were found between backscatter (extinction) coefficient profiles of A2P and CALIOP over forest and town cover; the aerosol optical depth retrievals have correlation coefficient of 0.71 with MODIS data and show spatial variations consistent with those from the sun photometers. The algorithm developed for ACHSRL in this study can be directly employed for future space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) and its data products will also supplement CALIOP data coverage for global observations of aerosol and cloud properties.
In Vivo Qualification of Human Aqueous Veins by EDI-OCT and OCTA Images
Authors: Chen Zhiqi , Chen Wei , Deng Chaohua , Guo Jingmin , Zhang Hong , Wang Junming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE.
To investigate the aqueous vein in vivo by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS.
In this cross-sectional comparative study, 30 healthy participants were enrolled. Images of the aqueous and conjunctival veins were captured by EDI-OCT and OCTA during the static state and after water loading. The area, height, width, depth and blood flow of the aqueous vein and conjunctival vein were measured by ImageJ software.
RESULTS.
In the static state, the area of the aqueous vein was 8166.7 ± 3272.7µm2, which was smaller than that of the conjunctival vein (13690 ± 7457 µm2). The mean vessel density of the aqueous vein was 35.3 ± 12.6%, which was significantly less than that of the conjunctival vein (51.5 ± 10.6%). After water loading, the area of the aqueous vein decreased significantly from 8725.8 ± 779.4 µm2 (baseline) to 7005.2 ± 566.2 µm2 after 45 min but returned to 7863.0 ± 703.2 µm2 after 60 min. The vessel density of the aqueous vein decreased significantly from 41.2 ± 4.5% (baseline) to 35.4 ± 3.2% after 30 min but returned to 45.6 ± 3.6% after 60 min.
CONCLUSIONS.
The structure and vessel density of the aqueous vein can be effectively evaluated by OCT and OCTA, which might provide a biological indicator to evaluate aqueous vein changes and aqueous outflow resistance under different interventions in glaucoma patients.
Contrasted concentrations of neonicotinoids in human hair and urine suggest long-term vs short-term exposure in two observational studies, international academics and rural population of the Philippines.
Authors: Taira Kumiko , Fujioka Kazutoshi , Aebi Alexandre , Glauser Gaétan , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Ikenaka Yoshinori , Sanchez-Bayo Francisco , Tapparo Andrea , Lumawig-Heitzmann Elizabeth , Bonmatin Jean-Marc , Safer Anton , Lexmond Maarten Bijleveld van , Claveria Florencia , Aoyama Yoshiko , Miyabara Yuichi , Komori Makiko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides, the most widely used category of insecticides for 20 years and candidate risk of neurodevelopment, have been detected in human urine and in hair. If the former reflecting dietary contamination over short periods and the latter total exposure over longer periods is not known. We quantified and compared the concentrations in spot urine by LC-MS/MS and in hair by UHPLC-MS/MS.In the first study, samples from an international group of scientists in Italy in 2016 (M/F=12/7),detection rate in urine and in hair was 0% vs 85.0% for imidacloprid; 0% vs 52.5% for thiacloprid; 0% vs 45.0% for acetamiprid; 0% vs 25.0% for thiamethoxam; and 0% vs 17.5% for clothianidin.In the second study, samples from 99 volunteers in three islands of the Philippines in 2017,detection rate in urine and in hair was 48.5% vs 60.6% for imidacloprid; 1.0% vs 8.1% for thiacloprid; 10.1% vs 13.1% for acetamiprid; 31.3% vs 30.3% for thiamethoxam; and 14.1% vs 45.5% for clothianidin. In the Philippine, concentrations were negatively correlated between urine and hair for thiamethoxam (r = -0.70, p = 0.016), but not for clothianidin or imidacloprid. Both analyses of urine and hair are complementary to assess human neonicotinoid exposure.
Clinical Profiles, Risk Factors and In-hospital Outcomes of Stroke in the Medical Ward of Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia; A retrospective study
Authors: Abdu Hussen , Seyoum Girma , Tadese Fentaw 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Stroke is undoubtedly becoming a worldwide public health problem. Stroke-related deaths are attributable to modifiable risk factors. In Ethiopia, a demographic shift increased the prevalence of stroke risk factors. Besides, there is limited critical information regarding stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to carefully assess clinical presentations, possible risk factors, and outcomes of stroke in the medical ward of Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was properly employed among stroke patients. Medical records appropriately containing complete patient information and confirmed diagnosis of stroke using imaging techniques were included in the study. The necessary data were attentively entered into SPSS version 24.0 for comprehensive analysis. Results with P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Most (51.9%) of the study participants were female. The average age of the patients was 59.2 ± 14.6 years. Many 163 (52.2%) of stroke patients lost sensation and developed weakness in their body parts. One hundred forty (44.9%) patients presented with hemiplegia/hemiparesis and 79 (25.3%) patients were unconscious. Hypertension 197 (63.1%), atrial fibrillation 47 (15.1%), chat chewing 46 (14.7%), and structural heart diseases 39 (12.5%) were the most traditional risk factors for stroke. The mortality rate of stroke was 21.8%, where 67 compliant patients conveniently died. Having a previous history of stroke, atrial fibrillation, and structural heart diseases was a predictor of risk factors for stroke-related mortality. Conclusion: Elders are more affected by stroke. Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, structural heart diseases, and family history of stroke are recognized risk factors for stroke. There is a high rate of stroke mortality in the hospital. Thus, establishing promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative strategies are indispensable.
Effects of acute or chronic administration gold nanospheres on testicular functions in male rats
Authors: Mansour Doaa , Orabi Sahar , Fathalla Said , Gadallah Shaaban , Din Amina Gamal el , Abdoon Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of gold nanospheres (AuNPs) administration on the rat male reproductive function. Experiment 1: Fifty-four rats were assigned into three groups (n=18/group). Group І (control), Group ІІ (50 nm AuNPs) and Group ІІІ (10 nm AuNPs), in which rats were intramuscular (i.m) injected with a single dose of 75μg AuNPs/kg/bwt. Experiment 2: Eighteen rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=6/group). Group І (control), Group ІІ (50nm AuNPs) and Group ІІІ (10 nm AuNPs): rats were injected repeated doses of 75μg AuNPs /kg/bwt for 5 weeks followed by 3 weeks washout period. Blood, testes and epididymis samples were collected on Days-3, 7, and 60 in experiment 1 and on Day-60 in the 2nd experiment. Results indicated that acute or chronic administration of 10nm AuNPs caused significantly increased serum testosterone level on day-60. Chronic administration of 50nm AuNPs has an antioxidant effect. Acute or chronic study induced no histopathological changes and no changes in Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 in testicular tissues. Acute or chronic administration of 10nm AuNPs significantly increased the spermatozoa in epididymal ducts and testicular tissue on Day-60 post-treatment. In conclusion, the administration of AuNPs (10nm and 50nm size) is safe on the male reproductive function.
Curcumin induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cells through BCLAF1-mediated Modulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Signaling
Authors: Bai Chunhua , Zhao Jiaqi , Su Jielin , Chen Jiaxin , Cui Xinmu , Sun Manqing , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Curcumin is a yellow pigment extracted from the rhizome of turmeric, a traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we tested the hypothesis that curcumin-mediated downregulation of BCLAF1 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in hepatoma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling. Treatment of the human hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 and SK-Hep-1, with various concentrations of curcumin revealed a time-dependent and concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β. Additionally, curcumin suppressed the levels of apoptotic factors after treating the cells with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Curcumin also suppressed the expression of BCLAF1. Treating stable BCLAF1 knockout HepG2 and SK-Hep-1 cells with curcumin further enhanced apoptosis and increased the number of cells in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, while inhibiting the downregulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway-related proteins. Treatment of a nude mouse xenograft model bearing HepG2 cells with curcumin inhibited tumor growth, disrupted the cellular structure of the tumor tissue, and suppressed the expression of BCLAF1 and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β proteins. In summary, our in vitro and in vivo analyses show that curcumin downregulates BCLAF1 expression, inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in HCC. These findings uncover a potential therapeutic strategy leveraging the antitumor effects of curcumin against HCC.
A Caching-Enabled Permissioned Blockchain Framework for Industrial Internet of Things based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liu Peng , Yao Chuanjian , Li Chunpei , Zhang Shuyi , Li Xianxian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The integration of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and blockchain has become a popular concept. Numerous IIoT nodes together form a decentralized network with rich location-aware computation resources, which can provide great data processing capability and offer low-latency services. However, we are still facing the challenges of how to efficiently process the massive IIoT data on resource-constrained IIoT nodes by blockchain smart contracts, as their storage only allows them to store limited blockchain data. This work aims to improve the smart contract execution efficiency on these IIoT nodes by caching based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. On the one hand, focusing on the characteristics of IIoT, the ledger structure, network architecture, and transaction flow are optimized. IIoT nodes are enabled to cache part of block data without affecting global data consistency. On the other hand, we formulated the blockchain caching problem as a Markov Decision Process and implemented a lightweight caching agent based on deep Q-learning. Proper features and a reward function are defined to minimize the execution delay of smart contracts. The extensive experiment results show that our proposed framework can effectively reduce the block dissemination costs and the agent can provide satisfactory caching performance.
Locating the precise sources of high-frequency microseisms using distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Xiao Han , Tanimoto Toshiro , Spica Zack , Gaite Beatriz , Ruiz-Barajas Sandra , Pan Mohan , Viens Loïc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Although microseisms have been observed for more than 100 years, the precise locations of their excitation sources in the oceans are still elusive. Underwater Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) brings new opportunities to study microseism generation mechanisms. Using DAS data off the coast of Valencia, Spain, and applying a cross-correlation approach, we show that the sources of high-frequency microseisms (0.5-2 Hz) are confined between 7 and 27 km offshore, where the water depth varies from 25 to 100 m. Over time, we observe that these sources move quickly along narrow areas, sometimes within a few kilometres. Our method with DAS data allows characterizing microseisms with a high spatiotemporal resolution, opening a new chapter in understanding these global and complex seismic phenomena happening in the oceans.