bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal biopsy of normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation and risk of neurodegenerative disease: Nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Sun Jiangwei , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Roelstraete Bjorn , Pedersen Nancy L. , Pawitan Yudi , Wirdefeldt Karin , Fang Fang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeEvidence has accumulated to support the early involvement of altered gastrointestinal (GI) function in neurodegenerative disease. However, risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) among individuals with a GI biopsy of normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation is unknown.MethodsThis matched cohort study included all individuals in Sweden with a GI biopsy of normal mucosa (n = 480,346) or nonspecific inflammation (n = 655,937) during 1965–2016 (exposed group) as well as their individually matched population references and unexposed full siblings. A flexible parametric model and stratified Cox model were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsIndividuals with normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation had a higher risk of AD and PD during the 20 years after biopsy. Compared with the population references, individuals with normal mucosa had an increased risk of AD (incidence rate [IR] difference = 13.53 per 100,000 person‐years, HR [95% CI] = 1.15 [1.11–1.20]) and PD (IR difference = 6.72, HR [95% CI] = 1.16 [1.10–1.23]). Elevated risk was also observed for nonspecific inflammation regarding AD (IR difference = 13.28, HR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.08–1.14]) and PD (IR difference = 6.83, HR [95% CI] = 1.10 [1.06–1.14]). Similar results were observed in subgroup and sensitivity analyses and when comparing with their unexposed siblings.ConclusionsIndividuals with a GI biopsy of normal mucosa or nonspecific inflammation had an increased risk of AD and PD. This adds new evidence of the early involvement of GI dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease.
Legal reforms appropriate for cohabitants and LATs
Authors: Bowman Cynthia Grant 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCohabitants and LATs (couples who “live apart together”) do not fit the traditional categories and rules of our family law system. This article describes what we know about both cohabitants and LATs in the U.S., compares the two institutions, and makes recommendations about legal reforms with respect to each. For cohabitants the reforms would assimilate cohabiting couples to marriage after the passage of time, based on the evidence of their economic interdependence and the probability that there are children in their households. As to LATs, the reforms proposed are limited to those that would support the caretaking functions LATs perform for each other, resulting in benefits to society as a whole.
Speed it up: How temperature drives toxicokinetics of organic contaminants in freshwater amphipods
Authors: Raths Johannes , Švara Vid , Lauper Benedikt , Fu Qiuguo , Hollender Juliane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe acceleration of global climate change draws increasing attention towards interactive effects of temperature and organic contaminants. Many studies reported a higher sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates towards contaminant exposure with increasing or fluctuating temperatures. The hypothesis of this study was that the higher sensitivity of invertebrates is associated with the changes of toxicokinetic processes that determine internal concentrations of contaminants and consequently toxic effects. Therefore, the influence of temperature on toxicokinetic processes and the underlying mechanisms were studied in two key amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and Hyalella azteca). Bioconcentration experiments were carried out at four different temperatures with a mixture of 12 exposure relevant polar organic contaminants. Tissue and medium samples were taken in regular intervals and analysed by online solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, toxicokinetic rates were modelled and analysed in dependence of the exposure temperature using the Arrhenius equation. An exponential relationship between toxicokinetic rates versus temperature was observed and could be well depicted by applying the Arrhenius equation. Due to a similar Arrhenius temperature of uptake and elimination rates, the bioconcentration factors of the contaminants were generally constant across the temperature range. Furthermore, the Arrhenius temperature of the toxicokinetic rates and respiration was mostly similar. However, in some cases (citalopram, cyprodinil), the bioconcentration factor appeared to be temperature dependent, which could potentially be explained by the influence of temperature on active uptake mechanisms or biotransformation. The observed temperature effects on toxicokinetics may be particularly relevant in non‐equilibrated systems, such as exposure peaks in summer as exemplified by the exposure modelling of a field measured pesticide peak where the internal concentrations increased by up to fourfold along the temperature gradient. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of chemical uptake, biotransformation and elimination in different climate scenarios and can improve environmental risk assessment.
Enhanced electrical properties of Cr2O3 addition NBT‐based high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Liang Ruihong , Zhou Zhiyong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOwing to industrial and technological developments, there has been an increasing demand for piezoelectric ceramics that can function at temperatures of 500°C or higher. Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT) with its high Curie temperature (TC) of 650°C is a typical bismuth layer–structured ferroelectric. However, its relatively low piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ∼ 16 pC/N) hinders its potential application at high temperatures. In this study, compositions of Ca0.05(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.95Bi4Ti4O15 with different additions of Cr2O3 (CNBT–Cr100x) were designed based on previous studies on Ca2+‐doped NBT piezoceramics, and the effects of the addition on the structural and electrical properties were investigated. The d33 value of CNBT–Cr20 was as high as 29 pC/N, almost twice higher than that of pure NBT ceramics. This increase was investigated in depth using X‐ray diffraction refinement and piezoelectric force microscopy in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic contributions. The Ps values of CNBT and CNBT–Cr20 were almost equal. The density of the domain walls of CNBT–Cr20 was significantly higher than that of CNBT, indicating that the increase of d33 of CNBT–Cr20 is mainly due to the increase in the extrinsic contribution. The CNBT–Cr20 ceramic exhibited excellent properties with a high TC of 655°C, a high d33 of 29 pC/N, and a resistivity high than 106 Ω cm at 500°C, demonstrating its potential for applications at high temperatures such as 500°C.
Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling of free‐text responses exploring the negative impact of the early COVID‐19 pandemic on research in nursing
Authors: Inoue Madoka , Fukahori Hiroki , Matsubara Manami , Yoshinaga Naoki , Tohira Hideo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo derive latent topics from free‐text responses on the negative impact of the pandemic on research activities and determine similarities and differences in the resulting themes between academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of free‐text responses from a cross‐sectional online survey conducted by the Japan Academy of Nursing Science of its members in early 2020. The participants were categorized into two groups by workplace (academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers). Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling was used to extract latent topics statistically and list important keywords/text associated with the topics. After organizing similar topics by principal component analysis (PCA), we finally derived topic‐associated themes by reading the keywords/texts and determining the similarity and differences of the themes between the two groups.ResultsA total of 201 respondents (163 academic‐based and 38 clinical‐based researchers) provided free‐text responses. LDA identified eight and three latent topics for the academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers, respectively. While PCA re‐grouped the eight topics derived from the former group into four themes, no merging of the topics from the latter group was performed resulting in three themes. The only theme common to the two groups was “barriers to conducting research,” with the remaining themes differing between the groups.ConclusionsUsing LDA topic modeling with PCA, we identified similarities and differences in the themes described in free‐text responses about the negative impact of the pandemic between academic‐based and clinical‐based researchers. Measures to mitigate the negative impact of pandemics on nursing research may need to be tailored separately.
The prevalence of endometrial polyp in women with tubal factor infertility is higher than male factor infertility: Is PID one of the causes of endometrial polyp?
Authors: Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , Kabodmehri Roya , Milani Forozan , Sorouri Zahra Rafie , Ghanami Nasrin , Fatemeh Dalil Seyedeh , Eslami‐Kenarsari Habib 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have shown an association between chronic endometritis and endometrial polyps, and only one study in infertile women reported an association between tubal obstruction and polyps. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of endometrial polyps in two groups of women with tubal factor infertility and male factor infertility to assess if is there any association between tubal factor infertility and endometrial polyps.MethodsThis case–control study was performed on infertile women. The case group included women with tubal factor infertility and the control group included all women with male factor infertility. In all patients, vaginal ultrasound was performed between days 8 and 12 of the menstrual cycle to diagnose endometrial polyp, its size, and number. Demographic and obstetrics variables were recorded. Patients underwent hysteroscopy and polypectomy and the diagnosis of the polyp was confirmed by pathology report.ResultIn the present study, 245 people participated in two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and obstetric characteristics like type of infertility, duration of infertility, and gravidity. The prevalence of polyps in the tubal factor group was higher than in the male factor group (63 [60%] vs. 12 [9.8%]), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). In addition, the prevalence of chronic endometritis in the tubal factor group was higher than in the male factor group (19 [18.8%] vs. 4 [3.3%]), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001).ConclusionsIn the present study, a strong association was observed between endometrial polyps and tubal obstruction, and considering that the most common cause of tubal obstruction is pelvic and genital infections, after confirmation with more studies, it may be possible to consider antibiotic treatment in these patients, especially in patients with recurrent polyps.
Magic, Religion, and Science: Secularization Trends and Continued Coexistence
Authors: Matthews Luke J. , Hertzog Werner B. , Kyritsis Thanos , Kerber Rose 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile multiple studies have applied cultural evolutionary perspectives to the study of religion, few studies have examined the cultural evolutionary dynamics of a more secretive but equally ubiquitous form of supernatural belief: magic. We conducted two studies, an American nationally representative survey and a comparative phylogenetic analysis of religious traditions, to test three hypothesized cultural evolutionary drivers for beliefs in magic. We find the greatest support for the hypothesis that magic is employed when it provides its users benefits that are distinct from those provided by either science or religion, some support for secularization (broadly conceived) trends applying to magic, and no evidence that innate and unavoidable features of human cognition are primary drivers of the cultural evolution of magical beliefs. We conclude by suggesting specific hypothesized benefits for magic that may account for the evolution of humanity's facultative (i.e., context‐dependent) use of magical beliefs.
Divided we fall: The breakdown of gig worker solidarity in online communities
Authors: Schou Peter Kalum , Bucher Eliane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ‘gig economy’ presents a contested new work arrangement where freelancers find work on digital platforms. Subsequently, previous research has investigated how gig workers develop solidarity and take collective action against the exploitative practices of the platforms. However, this research is limited by mostly focusing on solidarity in contexts oflocalgig worker communities. We investigate whether freelancers who work on a global platform, Upwork, which hires people for diverse and complex jobs, can build up solidarity in aglobalonline community. Applying a mixed‐methods research design, we analysed how gig workers responded to a policy change by Upwork that affected their working conditions negatively. In doing so, we outline how solidarity breaks down in an online community of gig workers, due to them realising different interests and identities. We contribute to recent discussions on solidarity in the gig economy, and online communities as tools for organising.
A grammar of institutions for complex legal topics: Resolving statutory multiplicity and scaling up to jurisdiction‐level legal institutions
Authors: DeMattee Anthony J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaws are a unique type of primary data: they structure our everyday interactions and are publicly available to all people. How can we assess the law's effect when multiple overlapping and cross‐referencing statutes constrain and incentivize behavior simultaneously? I present a principled method for aggregating the legal rules coded in multiple laws into a single legal institution to help us understand and better characterize complex, interconnected, and sometimes contradictory bundles of legal rules. The method utilizes Institutional Grammar (IG), which scholars have used to code legal language into comparable institutional statements. The method is amenable to any legal topic and is especially appropriate when multiple statutes simultaneously comprise the legal institution in a single jurisdiction. To illustrate, I draw on the laws regulating civil society organizations (CS0s), which offer a valuable and substantively important prism to study legal texts as the cause of social phenomena or the outcome of a political process. I discuss my proposed method in three parts: first, why using IG enhances a coding instrument's validity; second, how an IG‐based instrument allows researchers to scale up coded values of separate laws into a jurisdiction‐level value; finally, I compare techniques for estimating descriptive measures of a jurisdiction's legal institution.
An alternative pathway to plant cold tolerance in the absence of vacuolar invertase activity
Authors: Teper‐Bamnolker Paula , Roitman Marina , Katar Omri , Peleg Noam , Aruchamy Kalaivani , Suher Shlomit , Doron‐Faigenboim Adi , Leibman Diana , Omid Ayelet , Belausov Eduard , Andersson Mariette , Olsson Niklas , Fält Ann‐Sofie , Volpin Hanne , Hofvander Per , Gal‐On Amit , Eshel Dani 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYTo cope with cold stress, plants have developed antioxidation strategies combined with osmoprotection by sugars. In potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers, which are swollen stems, exposure to cold stress induces starch degradation and sucrose synthesis. Vacuolar acid invertase (VInv) activity is a significant part of the cold‐induced sweetening (CIS) response, by rapidly cleaving sucrose into hexoses and increasing osmoprotection. To discover alternative plant tissue pathways for coping with cold stress, we produced VInv‐knockout lines in two cultivars. Genome editing of VInv in ‘Désirée’ and ‘Brooke’ was done using stable and transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 components, respectively. After storage at 4°C, sugar analysis indicated that the knockout lines showed low levels of CIS and maintained low acid invertase activity in storage. Surprisingly, the tuber parenchyma of vinv lines exhibited significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and reduced H2O2 levels. Furthermore, whole plants of vinv lines exposed to cold stress without irrigation showed normal vigor, in contrast to WT plants, which wilted. Transcriptome analysis of vinv lines revealed upregulation of an osmoprotectant pathway and ethylene‐related genes during cold temperature exposure. Accordingly, higher expression of antioxidant‐related genes was detected after exposure to short and long cold storage. Sugar measurements showed an elevation of an alternative pathway in the absence of VInv activity, raising the raffinose pathway with increasing levels of myo‐inositol content as a cold tolerance response.
Granular Activisms
Authors: Nayyar Rajat 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, I reflect on the collaborative multimodal ethnography that I conducted in Badhuli village with Aaji, a lower‐caste storyteller, singer, healer, and rice farmer. In addition to highlighting Aaji's life story and her Bhojpuri singing practice, the research project involved facilitating performative spaces for women to exchange, rehearse, film, and digitally share their vocal repertoires with other community members across gender, caste, religion, and generation. Through an analysis of multimodal ethnographic materials, this article argues that rural north Indian women's vocal traditions and performances are more than “everyday acts of resistance” (Scott 1985). Specifically, I combine Barthe's concept of “grain” of voice (1977) with recent scholarship on political activism and theories of voice and vocality (Eidsheim 2008; Schlichter 2011). I propose the new notion of “granular activism,” that is, grounded in the intermingling and exchange of women's vocal traditions. I conclude by demonstrating Aaji's radically activist role in re‐imagining Bhojpuri inter‐gender and inter‐caste dynamics through vocal traditions.
Exploring the Effects of Guide Vane on Dimpled Cooling Channel of Gas Turbine Blade
Authors: Nourin Farah Nazifa , Blum Brinn Leighton , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to find out the heat transfer and pressure drop phenomena of the cooling channel with dimples and guide vane and compare the results with the no guide vane dimpled cooling channel. The first leg of the cooling channel is 490 mm, and the second leg is 460 mm. The two legs relate to the 180 deg turn region. The guide vane was inserted at the bend region of the dimpled cooling channel. The study was conducted with two different guide vanes geometry at two different orientations, i.e., U-guide vane with protrusion and depression orientation and curve-guide vane with protrusion and depression orientations both experimentally and numerically. The numerical study was performed with the large eddy simulation method. The result shows that for both stationary and rotational motion, the U-guide vane with depression experiences the highest thermal performance. The friction factor is comparatively higher for curve-guide vane with protrusion under stationary motion. However, under rotation, the curve-protrusion guide encounters the highest friction factor, which is higher compared to the no guide vane cooling channel.
Rowing in Los Angeles: Performance Considerations for the Change to 1500 m at the 2028 Olympic Games
Authors: Astridge Daniel J. , Peeling Peter , Goods Paul S.R. , Girard Olivier , Hewlett Jamie , Rice Anthony J. , Binnie Martyn J. 
Published: November 2022

Background: World Rowing’s decision to support the proposed change from a 2000-m to a 1500-m regatta course at the 2028 Olympic Games in Los Angeles is anticipated to have important implications for athlete preparation and race execution during the 2024–2028 quadrennium. Purpose: This commentary aims to provide insight into the expected implications of the reduction in course length heading into the 2028 Games, focusing on the training and monitoring of high-performance rowers, as well as tactical, technical, and pacing considerations for performance. The reduction in event duration (estimated to be ∼90–120 s across all event classes) will lead to an expected ∼5% to 15% increase in relative contribution of anaerobic metabolism. Consequently, adjustment in training periodization priorities toward higher-intensity interventions may be required, especially in the period immediately prior to the games. The critical-power and anaerobic-power-reserve concepts may become more useful tools for structuring exercise programs, evaluating training outcomes, and determining event suitability through individual physiological profiling. Additionally, the adoption of a more constant (flat) pacing strategy, rather than the commonly used reverse J-shaped approach, might be considered for racing over this new distance. Finally, technical aspects, such as stroke rate and gearing, may require adjustment for optimal performance; however, research is clearly required to explore such effects. Conclusions: Our intention is to stimulate discussion and debate, with the provision of practical recommendations that aim to optimize rowers’ preparation for and performance at the 2028 Olympic Games.
Lifetime Stressor Exposure and Psychophysiological Reactivity and Habituation to Repeated Acute Social Stressors
Authors: McLoughlin Ella , Arnold Rachel , Freeman Paul , Turner James E. , Roberts Gareth A. , Fletcher David , Slavich George M. , Moore Lee J. 
Published: November 2022

This study addressed whether lifetime stressor exposure was associated with psychophysiological reactivity and habituation to a novel laboratory-based stressor. Eighty-six participants (Mage = 23.31 years, SD = 4.94) reported their exposure to lifetime non-sport and sport-specific stressors before completing two consecutive trials of the Trier Social Stress Test, while cardiovascular (i.e., heart rate) and endocrine (i.e., salivary cortisol) data were recorded. Exposure to a moderate number of lifetime non-sport and sport-specific stressors was associated with adaptive cardiovascular reactivity, whereas very low or very high stressor exposure was related to maladaptive reactivity. Moreover, experiencing a very low number of lifetime non-sport (but not sport-specific) stressors was associated with poorer habituation. In contrast, lifetime stressor severity was unrelated to cardiovascular reactivity. Finally, greater lifetime non-sport and sport-specific stressor counts were associated with blunted cortisol reactivity and poorer habituation. These results suggest that lifetime stressor exposure may influence sport performers’ acute stress responses.