bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open innovation during the COVID‐19 pandemic policy responses in South Africa and Kenya
Authors: Onyango Gedion , Ondiek Japheth Otieno 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost governments upscaled technological adaptations and integration into public service delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic policy responses globally. This article analyzes the context of open innovation (OI) applications and initiatives that characterized public innovation trends and impacted government agencies' responses to contain different consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in four critical areas: economic recovery strategies, logistics and supply chain, digital health‐care partnerships, and collaborations. We show how policy responses increased the uptake and upscaling of OI strategies in Kenya and South Africa. In both countries, government agencies, among other things, upgraded innovative or created online integrated portals for instant data sharing and used knowledge management platforms to monitor the COVID‐19 pandemic prevalence in transportation systems and the delivery of vaccines. These enabled effective policy communication and tracing of COVID‐19 patients, organizing the population for the vaccination drive, and generating timely data for further action in the four mentioned sectors.Related ArticlesLachapelle, Erick, Thomas Bergeron, Richard Nadeau, Jean‐François Daoust, Ruth Dassonneville, and Éric Bélanger. 2021. “Citizens' Willingness to Support New Taxes for COVID‐19 Measures and the Role of Trust.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 534–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12404.Liu, Zezhao, and Zhengwei Zhu. 2021. “China's Pathway to Domestic Emergency Management: Unpacking the Characteristics in System Evolution.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 619–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12407.Pelizzo, Riccardo, and Abel Kinyondo. 2014. “Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 42(1): 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12062.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THEOLOGY: LOOKING FOR A POSITIVE—BUT NOT UNCRITICAL—RECEPTION
Authors: Oviedo Lluís 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTheology and other human sciences present concerns against artificial intelligence (AI) that are often limited to ethical issues, as they appear as the most pressing problems and challenges derived from these new technologies. However, by reviewing the published literature, the article shows that theologians have ventured into broader areas, with a specific focus on the anthropological consequences of current technological advances. New developments and achievements in AI invite further exploration from a theological perspective, and they offer some opportunities and useful applications for theologians. The article moves from the ethical territory toward the more neutral but highly engaging dialogue between science, technology, and religion, their interactions and mutual enrichment. Within this transdisciplinary area, new insights are gained about the role a more committed theology can play in issues like designing the best approaches between religious faith and intelligent systems to achieve a sustainable and equitable future.
Leader-Based Consensus in Directed Networks of Homogeneous Positive Agents With Multiple Inputs
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sabyasachi , Patra Sourav 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the non-zero finite positive state consensus problem of leader-following multi-agent systems (MASs) connected over a directed network is investigated. The multi-agent network consists of homogeneous linear time-invariant (LTI) positive agents whose minimal positive state-space realization is assumed to be known. In this paper, a state-feedback hierarchical control protocol is proposed where the local controller synthesizes a singular, Lyapunov stable, and Metzler system matrix with a simple dominant eigenvalue at origin. The obtained consensus vector is the positive eigenvector associated with the zero eigenvalue of the synthesized system matrix. The controller gain matrices are obtained by solving a set of necessary and sufficient conditions derived in linear programing framework. A numerical example is given to elucidate the usefulness of the proposed results.
Transient Heat Conduction in a Planar Slab With Convection and Radiation Effects
Authors: Haseli Y. , Naterer G. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article presents new semi-analytical solutions for transient heat conduction in a slab, which exchanges heat at the surface with its surroundings via convection, radiation, or simultaneous convection–radiation mechanisms. The concept of thermal penetration depth together with the integral method of heat balances form the basis of the formulation. Explicit expressions are derived that eliminate the need for numerical integration of the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) obtained from space integration of the heat equation. Verification of the temperature relations with a convection boundary condition is performed using an exact solution. In the case of radiation and combined convection–radiation boundary conditions, the accuracy of the explicit solutions is assessed against a numerical model. In all three cases, the new relations predict the surface temperature with high precision. For the radiation boundary condition, the computed midpoint temperature is also in excellent agreement with the numerical solution. In the case of convection heat exchange at the surface, the temperature at internal locations has close agreement with the exact solution for Biot numbers up to Bi = 1. The model prediction deviates from the exact solution in the interior positions for higher values of Bi with the highest deviation occurring at the center. For example, at Bi = 3, the highest relative error is 7.5%. Likewise, for the case of combined convection–radiation boundary conditions, the predicted midpoint temperature is found to closely follow the numerical solution at early stages of the process only. The predictability of the explicit solution of the convection-only boundary condition is more accurate than other approximate solutions at a Fourier number less than 0.2. Additional relations are presented for determination of the total heat transfer as a function of the Fourier and Biot numbers.
Determinants of depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia
Authors: Anato Anchamo , Baye Kaleab , Stoecker Barbara 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the determinants of depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingTen randomly selected rural kebeles of Meket district of Ethiopia.ParticipantsA random sample of 232 mothers with infants 5–10 months was included in this study.Data analysisForward multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe factors significantly associated with increased odds of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms were: moderate (adjusted OR (AOR) 4.44, 95% CI 1.34 to 14.72) and severe (AOR 12.98, 95% CI 5.24 to 32.14) household food insecurity; infant underweight (AOR 2.99, 95% CI: 1.21 to 7.37) and infant acute respiratory infection (ARI) (AOR 7.0, 95% CI: 3.09 to 15.99). Maternal education, workload and age, household socioeconomic status, distance to the health facility, and child stunting, diarrhoea and fever were not significantly associated with postpartum depressive symptoms in adjusted logistic regression.ConclusionHousehold food insecurity, infant ARI and infant underweight had significant associations with postpartum depressive symptoms. Therefore, interventions that address infant nutrition and health and household food insecurity within the framework of the productive safety net programmes (PSNPs) as well as programmes focused on preventing, detecting and solving maternal mental health challenges may be helpful to improve maternal mental well-being and promote graduation from the PSNP.
Prevalence of rotator cuff tendon tears and symptoms in a Chingford general population cohort, and the resultant impact on UK health services: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Hinsley Hannah , Ganderton Charlotte , Arden Nigel K , Carr Andrew J 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo define the population prevalence of rotator cuff tears and test their association with pain and function loss; determine if severity symptom correlates with tear stage severity, and quantify the impact of symptomatic rotator cuff tears on primary healthcare services in a general population cohort of women.DesignCross-sectional observational study.ParticipantsIndividuals were part of the Chingford 1000 Women cohort, a 20-year-old longitudinal population study comprising 1003 women aged between 64 and 87, and representative of the population of the UK.Main outcome measuresRotator cuff pathology prevalence on ultrasound, shoulder symptoms using the Oxford Shoulder Score and resultant number of general practitioner (GP) consultations.ResultsThe population prevalence of full-thickness tears was 22.2%, which increased with age (p=0.004) and whether it was the dominant arm (Relative Risk 1.64, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.33, p=0.021).Although 48.4% of full-thickness tears were asymptomatic, there was an association between rotator cuff tears and patient-reported symptoms. Individuals with at least one full-thickness tear were 1.97 times more likely than those with bilateral normal tendons (OR 3.53, 95% CI 2.00 to 5.61, p<0.001) to have symptoms. Severity of symptoms was not related to the severity of the pathology until tears are >2.5 cm (p=0.009).In the cohort, 8.9% had seen their GP with shoulder pain and a full-thickness rotator cuff tear, 18.8% with shoulder pain and an abnormality and 29.3% with shoulder pain.ConclusionRotator cuff tears are common, and primary care services are heavily impacted. As 50% of tears remain asymptomatic, future research may investigate the cause of pain and whether different treatment modalities, aside from addressing the pathology, need further investigation.
Imaging timing after glioblastoma surgery (INTERVAL-GB): protocol for a UK and Ireland, multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gillespie Conor S , Bligh Emily R , Poon Michael T C , Solomou Georgios , Islim Abdurrahman I , Mustafa Mohammad A , Rominiyi Ola , Williams Sophie T , Kalra Neeraj , Mathew Ryan K , Booth Thomas C , Thompson Gerard , Brennan Paul M , Jenkinson Michael D ,   INTERVAL-GB Collaborative,   British Neurosurgical Trainee Research Collaborative (BNTRC)
Published: September 2022

IntroductionGlioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour with a median overall survival of 12–15 months (range 6–17 months), even with maximal treatment involving debulking neurosurgery and adjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy. The use of postoperative imaging to detect progression is of high importance to clinicians and patients, but currently, the optimal follow-up schedule is yet to be defined. It is also unclear how adhering to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines—which are based on general consensus rather than evidence—affects patient outcomes such as progression-free and overall survival. The primary aim of this study is to assess MRI monitoring practice after surgery for glioblastoma, and to evaluate its association with patient outcomes.Methods and analysisImagiNg Timing aftER surgery for glioblastoma: an eVALuation of practice in Great Britain and Ireland is a retrospective multicentre study that will include 450 patients with an operated glioblastoma, treated with any adjuvant therapy regimen in the UK and Ireland. Adult patients ≥18 years diagnosed with glioblastoma and undergoing surgery between 1 August 2018 and 1 February 2019 will be included. Clinical and radiological scanning data will be collected until the date of death or date of last known follow-up. Anonymised data will be uploaded to an online Castor database. Adherence to NICE guidelines and the effect of being concordant with NICE guidelines will be identified using descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Ethics and disseminationEach participating centre is required to gain local institutional approval for data collection and sharing. Formal ethical approval is not required since this is a service evaluation. Results of the study will be reported through peer-reviewed presentations and articles, and will be disseminated to participating centres, patients and the public.
Association between continuity of primary care and both prescribing and adherence of common cardiovascular medications: a cohort study among patients in England
Authors: Tammes Peter , Payne Rupert A , Salisbury Chris 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate whether better continuity of care is associated with increased prescribing of clinically relevant medication and improved medication adherence.SettingRandom sample of 300 000 patients aged 30+ in 2017 within 83 English general practitioner (GP) practices from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.DesignPatients were assigned to a randomly selected index date in 2017 on which medication use and continuity of care were determined. Adjusted associations between continuity of care and the prescribing and adherence of five cardiovascular medication groups were examined using logistic regression.ParticipantsContinuity of Care Index was calculated for 173 993 patients with 4+ GP consultations 2 years prior to their index date and divided into five categories: absence of continuity, below-average continuity, average, above-average continuity and perfect continuity.Main outcome measures(A) Prescription for statins (primary or secondary prevention separately), anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents and antihypertensives covering the patient’s index date. (B) Adherence (>80%) estimated using medication possession ratio.ResultsThere was strong evidence (p<0.01) that prescription of all five cardiovascular medication groups increased with greater continuity of care. Patients with absence of continuity were less likely to be prescribed cardiovascular medications than patients with above-average continuity (statins primary prevention OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.85; statins secondary prevention 0.77, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.03; antiplatelets 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.92; antihypertensives 0.51, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.65). Furthermore, patients with perfect continuity were more likely to be prescribed cardiovascular medications than those with above-average continuity (statins primary prevention OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49; statins secondary prevention 1.37, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.71; antiplatelets 1.37, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.74; antihypertensives 1.10, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.23). Continuity was generally not associated with medication adherence, except for adherence to statins for secondary prevention (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94 for average compared with above-average continuity).ConclusionBetter continuity of care is associated with improved prescribing of medication to patients at higher risk of cardiovascular disease but does not appear to be related to patient’s medication adherence.
Thrombin generation assay and lupus anticoagulant synergically distinguish populations of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Radin Massimo , Barinotti Alice , Cecchi Irene , Foddai Silvia Grazietta , Rubini Elena , Roccatello Dario , Menegatti Elisa , Sciascia Savino 
Published: September 2022

AimTo apply thrombin generation assay (TGA) in a large cohort of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)-positive patients.Material and methods108 patients were tested with TGA and lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing and divided according to their aPL profile. Briefly, 21 patients were positive for anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS)/prothrombin (PT) IgG/IgM (group1), 29 for anti-ß2-glycoprotein-I (aβ2GPI) and anti-cardiolipin (aCL) IgG/IgM (group2), 31 for aPS/PT, aβ2GPI and aCL IgG/IgM (group3), 27 for aPS/PT and/or aβ2GPI+aCL IgM at low-titres (group4). 31 healthy donors (HDs) and 24 controls treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) were included.ResultsThe most deranged TGA and LA profiles were observed in tetra-positive patients (group3) that differed significantly to the other groups, thus those with isolated, double or triple aPL-positivity. Moreover, when comparing the TGA profile of all antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients, aPL-carriers, HDs and VKA controls, we observed that the aPL+ patients (especially APS) showed a distinctive profile that allowed to distinguish them from the other groups with significantly higher tLag and tPeak, and lower Peak and area under the curve.When focusing on APS clinical manifestations, patients with a high-risk profile (group3) showed significant differences from those presenting low-titres aPL (group 4) regarding the number of venous events (p=0.04), recurrence of any thrombotic event (p=0.01), of arterial events (5 vs 0, p=0.02), the occurrence of TIA (p=0.04), DVT (p=0.02) and, when analysing extracriteria manifestations, of peripheral artery disease (p=0.04).ConclusionsTGA seems a valuable approach to stratify aPL+ patients according to their risk profile. The differences among different populations of autoantibodies specificities could be considered a translational validation of the increased thrombotic risk of patients with triple or tetra aPL-positivity.
Peroneal Nerve Palsy Caused by Proximal Fibular Solitary Osteochondroma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kozu Takashi , Machida Masayoshi , Taira Katsuaki , Oikawa Noboru , Nemoto Naho , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2022

Osteochondroma is a relatively common benign tumor of the bone, and compressive neuropathies due to osteochondroma are comparatively rare. Here, we present a rare case of osteochondroma of the fibular head that caused peroneal nerve palsy in an 8-year-old girl. Physical examination revealed 0/5 tibialis anterior, 1/5 extensor hallucis longus, and 1/5 peroneal brevis muscle power—according to the manual muscle testing grading system, as well as numbness on the lateral side of the right leg and the back of the foot. Radiological examination and ultrasound revealed a bone tumor in the head of the right fibula. Magnetic resonance imaging ruled out spinal nerve root compression. It was discovered that the bone tumor in the fibular head had compressed and displaced the common peroneal nerve. The patient underwent surgical decompression of the right peroneal nerve. A bone region measuring

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mm was removed. Three months postoperatively, the preoperative neurological deficits were found to be nearly resolved. The patient presented with a foot drop for 1 year, but symptoms resolved 3 months after surgery. Conventional wisdom states that surgery should be performed within 3 months, but we recommend that surgery be performed as soon as diagnosis is made even in cases with a long history, as it may improve patient symptoms and outcomes.
The Single-Cell Immunogenomic Landscape of B and Plasma Cells in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hao Dapeng , Han Guangchun , Sinjab Ansam , Gomez-Bolanos Lorena Isabel , Lazcano Rossana , Serrano Alejandra , Hernandez Sharia D. , Dai Enyu , Cao Xuanye , Hu Jian , Dang Minghao , Wang Ruiping , Chu Yanshuo , Song Xingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Parra Edwin R. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Swisher Stephen G. , Cascone Tina , Sepesi Boris , Futreal Andrew P. , Li Mingyao , Dubinett Steven M. , Fujimoto Junya , Solis Soto Luisa M. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Stevenson Christopher S. , Spira Avrum , Shalapour Shabnam , Kadara Humam , Wang Linghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTumor-infiltrating B and plasma cells (TIB) are prevalent in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, they are poorly characterized. We performed paired single-cell RNA and B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing of 16 early-stage LUADs and 47 matching multiregion normal tissues. By integrative analysis of ∼50,000 TIBs, we define 12 TIB subsets in the LUAD and adjacent normal ecosystems and demonstrate extensive remodeling of TIBs in LUADs. Memory B cells and plasma cells (PC) were highly enriched in tumor tissues with more differentiated states and increased frequencies of somatic hypermutation. Smokers exhibited markedly elevated PCs and PCs with distinct differentiation trajectories. BCR clonotype diversity increased but clonality decreased in LUADs, smokers, and with increasing pathologic stage. TIBs were mostly localized within CXCL13+ lymphoid aggregates, and immune cell sources of CXCL13 production evolved with LUAD progression and included elevated fractions of CD4 regulatory T cells. This study provides a spatial landscape of TIBs in early-stage LUAD.Significance:While TIBs are highly enriched in LUADs, they are poorly characterized. This study provides a much-needed understanding of the transcriptional, clonotypic states and phenotypes of TIBs, unraveling their potential roles in the immunopathology of early-stage LUADs and constituting a road map for the development of TIB-targeted immunotherapies for the treatment of this morbid malignancy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Comparative Genomics Provides Etiologic and Biological Insight into Melanoma Subtypes
Authors: Newell Felicity , Johansson Peter A. , Wilmott James S. , Nones Katia , Lakis Vanessa , Pritchard Antonia L. , Lo Serigne N. , Rawson Robert V. , Kazakoff Stephen H. , Colebatch Andrew J. , Koufariotis Lambros T. , Ferguson Peter M. , Wood Scott , Leonard Conrad , Law Matthew H. , Brooks Kelly M. , Broit Natasa , Palmer Jane M. , Couts Kasey L. , Vergara Ismael A. , Long Georgina V. , Barbour Andrew P. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Shivalingam Brindha , Robinson William A. , Stretch Jonathan R. , Spillane Andrew J. , Saw Robyn P.M. , Shannon Kerwin F. , Thompson John F. , Mann Graham J. , Pearson John V. , Scolyer Richard A. , Waddell Nicola , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Melanoma is a cancer of melanocytes, with multiple subtypes based on body site location. Cutaneous melanoma is associated with skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation; uveal melanoma occurs in the eyes; mucosal melanoma occurs in internal mucous membranes; and acral melanoma occurs on the palms, soles, and nail beds. Here, we present the largest whole-genome sequencing study of melanoma to date, with 570 tumors profiled, as well as methylation and RNA sequencing for subsets of tumors. Uveal melanoma is genomically distinct from other melanoma subtypes, harboring the lowest tumor mutation burden and with significantly mutated genes in the G-protein signaling pathway. Most cutaneous, acral, and mucosal melanomas share alterations in components of the MAPK, PI3K, p53, p16, and telomere pathways. However, the mechanism by which these pathways are activated or inactivated varies between melanoma subtypes. Additionally, we identify potential novel germline predisposition genes for some of the less common melanoma subtypes.

Significance:
This is the largest whole-genome analysis of melanoma to date, comprehensively comparing the genomics of the four major melanoma subtypes. This study highlights both similarities and differences between the subtypes, providing insights into the etiology and biology of melanoma.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2711