bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUTURE ORIENTATION MEDIATES ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ATTITUDE TOWARD OLDER ADULTS AND IMPULSIVITY IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Tianyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Attitude towards older adults (ATOA) is related to young adults’ future expectation, which could also influence their current behaviors. Impulsivity is a risk factor related to a number of health concerns in young adulthood. The current study investigated how ATOA was related to young adults’ impulsive behaviors and explored whether future orientation was a mediator. A total of 371 Chinese young adults were recruited and completed a survey on their demographic characteristic, ATOA, consideration of future consequences (CFC) and impulsiveness. The results showed that ATOA had a significant negative curvilinear relationship with impulsiveness (β = -.04, p =.01). Notably, participants with very positive or very negative ATOA both reported lower impulsiveness level compared with those who were in the middle. Furthermore, CFC mediated this curvilinear relationship (β = -.02, p =.02). There was a significant curvilinear relationship between ATOA and CFC (β =.08, p &lt; 0.001), with both very positive and very negative ATOA related to higher levels of CFC. Higher CFC was further related to lower impulsiveness (β = -.20, p &lt; 0.001). The results suggest that young adults holding very positive or very negative ATOA are both concerned about their future and are more capable of restraining from impulsive behaviors. The inverted U-shaped pattern between ATOA and young adults’ impulsiveness provides a new perspective to understand the role of ATOA in early adulthood. Future studies could further investigate the different motives driving the future orientation for young adults with either positive or negative ATOA.
HEALTH AND ENERGY OUTLOOK PREDICT FUNCTIONAL HEALTH 20 YEARS LATER
Authors: Taylor Morgan , Lachman Margie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research has shown that older adults who hold positive self-perceptions of aging have better cognitive and health outcomes. However, few studies have investigated this in a long-term longitudinal and full adult lifespan sample. We used data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study to investigate whether outlooks of one’s health and energy assessed at MIDUS 1 (M1; 1995-1996) would be associated with health limitations (e.g., trouble carrying groceries, difficulty climbing stairs) decades later at MIDUS 3 (M3; 2013-2014). At M1, participants were asked to rate their health and energy on a scale from 0 to 10 at three different time points: the past (10 years prior), the present, and the future (10 years hence). To determine their outlook, we computed a difference score by subtracting participants’ past rating from their future rating. Scores ranged from -10 to 10 and represented a 20 year change that modeled the actual gap between M1 and M3. Using multiple linear regression, we found that health and energy outlook was negatively associated with residual change in health limitations at M3, such that those with more positive outlooks reported fewer health limitations, controlling for age, sex, education, and baseline health limitations. Participant age did not interact with this effect, demonstrating that positive outlooks can benefit the health of individuals across the adult lifespan.
IS A UNIVERSAL TERM FOR OLDER ADULTS CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE? CONSIDERING PREFERRED TERMS IN AFRICA
Authors: Adamek Margaret , Ashirifi Gifty , Adeniji Dolapo , Teshome Abraham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Terminology matters. For consistency’s sake, one may argue that aging scholars should use one universal term for older adults regardless of what part of the world they are studying. Others may argue that the terms used by scholars in the Global South to refer to older adults should not be dictated by scholars in the Global North. If the term “elder” is a term of respect for older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa, should African scholars writing about aging be required to use the preferred term of the Global North? Can a universal term for older adults be culturally appropriate globally? With such questions in mind, we conducted a mixed methods study of preferred terms for older adults. Respondents included 78 African scholars and practitioners who completed an online survey. For this study we analyzed responses of 13 scholars from 6 African nations who participated in online focus groups. Using descriptive narrative analysis, our results indicate a wide variety of preferred terms for older adults including elder (Ethiopia), elderly, senior citizen, seniors, pensioners, and golden agers (Malawi). Many terms for older adults exist in local dialects—some connoting respect for elders, others that are derogatory. Respondents indicated older Africans prefer terms that convey respect, honor, and endearment. In scholarly dissemination efforts, we recommend a balanced approach with a universal term such as older adults for international audiences and yet leeway for native scholars to use the term for older people (e.g., “elder”) that is a best fit for their culture.
PERCEPTIONS OF AGING: INVESTIGATING GROUP DIFFERENCES AND PREDICTORS OF SUBJECTIVE AGE
Authors: da Rosa Grace , Martin Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While aging is a universal process, individuals perceive and experience aging in markedly different ways. Subjective age reflects how people feel (younger or older) compared to their actual age. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of subjective age (younger vs. older) with education, actual age, self-report health, personality, loneliness, chronic stress, and psychological well-being. This study used data from 2000 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. A total of 3,113 adults 65-years and older were included in this study. The results revealed that older adults who feel younger compared to their chronological age reported lower depression scores, lower Neuroticism, lower levels of loneliness, and lower chronic stress, compared to individuals who perceived themselves as older than their chronological age. In addition, older adults who felt younger compared to their chronological age reported higher levels of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, Life Satisfaction, Control over their health, Control over their social life, and Control over their financial situation. Significant linear regression results confirmed that high levels of Neuroticism, low Agreeableness, and low levels of hopefulness were associated with older perceived age. Higher levels of Extraversion and Openness to Experience and reported higher Control over health were associated with younger perceived age. In summary, this study offers valuable insights on the importance of subjective age. Interventions that target perceptions of aging may have positive effects on health behaviors, psychological functioning, and overall quality of life of older adults.
WHO’S AFRAID OF LIVING TO 100? ATTITUDES TOWARD A CENTENARIAN LIFE ACROSS GENERATIONS
Authors: Felts Adam , Cerino Lauren , Patskanick Taylor , D’Ambrosio Lisa , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The U.S. centenarian population is expected to increase fourfold over the next three decades, according to Pew Research Center (2024). Amid this increasing likelihood of living to 100, and given the general mystique that a century-long life possesses, how do people think and feel about the possibility of a 100-year life? We explore results from a survey that asked respondents a battery of questions related to their attitudes toward a 100-year lifespan, including their interest in living a 100-year life, their emotions, their concerns, and their perceived level of preparedness. Further, we examine the sources of advice that respondents trusted to guide them through a 100-year life. Finally, we review archetypes respondents chose that reflect the kind of person they would like to embody at age 100, to begin to explore questions (and how to ask questions) about how people conceptualize the “the good life” in later old age. Reporting and discussion of survey results (N=1,184) will be paired with qualitative findings from focus groups (N=69) on the same topic. In the discussion of these results, we will focus on whether people hope for or fear a 100-year life, what their aspirations would be in old age given a lifespan of such great length, and how they would prepare for it. Particular attention will be paid to generational or life course differences in responses, especially in the sources of advice that people prefer, which suggest profound generational shifts in people’s preferred sources of expertise.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SERUM BIOMARKERS IN OLDER WOMEN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EXPERIENCING FATIGUE
Authors: Shakya Shamatree , Tintle Nathan , Sharp Lisa , Halloway Shannon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fatigue is a common symptom of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and can be an early indicator of frailty. Physical activity (PA) can improve fatigue and frailty-related serum biomarkers: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF A), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, variation in PA and serum biomarkers among patients with CVD who are experiencing fatigue is understudied. We aimed to investigate (a) differences in PA and serum biomarkers in women with CVD experiencing fatigue and (b) the influence of PA on fatigue. We used cross-sectional, baseline data from older women (≥ 65 years, N=253) with CVD participating in the MindMoves trial (NCT04556305). PA included ActiGraph accelerometer measures of sedentary behavior, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, and daily step count, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Serum biomarkers included BDNF, VEGF-A, and IGF-1. Fatigue was assessed using two items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Two-sample t-tests examined differences in PA and biomarkers across subgroups with and without fatigue. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between significant PA variables and fatigue. Fatigue was prevalent in 17% of participants. There were significantly fewer daily minutes of MVPA (p=0.0005) and lower daily step count (p=0.0142) in those experiencing fatigue. No significant differences were observed in serum biomarkers. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, no PA variable was associated with fatigue. Women with CVD who experience fatigue had lower engagement in PA. Future research is needed to investigate fitness measures (e.g., strength) and other biomarkers to understand underlying physiological processes influencing PA in fatigue.
ANALYTIC METHODS FOR HEALTH DISPARITIES IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIA
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Yashkin Arseniy , Kravchenko Julia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Analysis of Medicare data reveals persistent health disparities related to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) in the United States. These disparities were measured using empirically estimated age-adjusted rates or hazard ratios (HRs) obtained from proportional hazard (PH) models. However, methods for explaining disparities based on comparisons of HR derived from different PH models have strong limitations and observed differences in HRs cannot be causally interpreted. To overcome these limitations, we developed and applied a series of approaches utilizing both traditional workflows as well as novel methodologies such as the Powers-Yun approach, approaches for population attributable fractions, rank-and-replace methods, and parametric g-formula modeling. We sequentially applied these approaches to two multi-racial cohorts of Medicare beneficiaries with baseline ages 67 and 75 and 10 and 15 years of follow-up, respectively. The estimates of the effects of factors contributing to racial disparities in AD risk showed that social determinants of health were an important predictor of disparity with strong competing effects from risk-related diseases, such arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Traditional methods proved to be useful for univariable and bivariate comparisons but did not allow for clear conclusions on multiple inter-related factors. Estimates obtained through alternative methods while generally consistent were not identical. The Powers-Yun approach and approaches for population attributable fractions demonstrated the most promising results. The parametric g-formula showed great potential for establishing causality. However, further analytic work has to be completed to understand how specific assumptions associated with specific methods impact the estimates.
XGBOOST MACHINE LEARNING TO IDENTIFY PREDICTIVE VALUES OF CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FOR COGNITIVE DECLINE AND MORTALITY
Authors: Liu Longjian , Cui Saishi , Wang Ruifeng , Xu Kaidi , Eisen Howard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the crucial biomarkers of cardiometabolic disorders that contribute to the risk of cognitive decline and mortality among adults with cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods
We analyzed a cohort of 6814 participants aged 45 to 84 years at the baseline of 2000-2002 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Cognitive function was assessed in 4,591 during 2010-2012. Dementia included Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and AD-related dementia. All participants were followed through to December 2015. XGBoost based machine learning (ML) approach, a novel technique, was used to identify the important features of various biomarkers for assessing the risk of cognitive decline and mortality in those with cognitive decline and dementia.

Results
Among 5723 with valid follow-up information, 227 died in those with cognitive decline or dementia. The mortality rate (95%CI) was 3.8 (3.2-4.5) per 1000 person-years in males, and 2.1 (1.7-2.5) per 1000 person-years in females. XGBoost models identified the top five critical biomarkers: carotid intimal-medial thickness, elevated glucose, urinary albumin to creatine ratio (UACR), interleukin 6, and factor VIII. The XGBoost models demonstrated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 74%, 73%, 75%, and 85%, respectively, in classifying cognitive decline. XGBoost survival models identified top five biomarkers: CIMT, UACR, homocysteine, cystatin-C, and D-Dimer for mortality risk, with a C-index of 0.86% and a mean time-dependent AUC of 90%. Conclusions: XGBoost based ML approaches effectively identified the pivotal features among multiple biomarkers of cardiometabolic disorders linked to the risk of cognitive decline and mortality.
STAYING ACTIVE IN DAILY LATER LIFE: BENEFITS ON HYPERTENSION AND DEPRESSION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Kim Jeehoon , Lee Mi-Jeong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Maintaining active engagement is important to reduce disease risks in later life. Given greater restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, adults ages of 71-100 might have limited opportunities to engage in daily exercise. However, less is known whether physical activity is related to cardiometabolic diseases and mental health in 70-plus adults during the pandemic. Using the 2021 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) accelerometry data (n=740), this study conducted a latent profile analysis based on four activity-related variables including total activity count per minute (TACM). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed (base outcome=high level group). Predictors included BMI, incidence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer, heart diseases, depression and dementia, NHATS summary score of Short Physical Performance Battery, and demographic variables. Three classes were profiled based on the activity level: low (26%, 683 TACM), middle (56%, 1,227 TACM), and high level (18%, 1,829 TACM). Low- and middle-level older adults were more likely than high-level to be overweight and had higher incidence of hypertension and mild depression. Low-level older adults tended to have worse summary scores of physical performance than high-level group. Self-reported walking or vigorous physical activity participation was not associated with physical activity level measured with accelerometer. P-values are less than.05 for all findings. Staying active in daily life was correlated with better health outcomes, lower prevalence of hypertension and mild depression, in 70-plus adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intervention strategies to promote physical activity in later life, thus helping reduce risks of cardiometabolic diseases, will be discussed.
TESTING THE ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN AGE-RELATED HYPERTENSIVE AORTIC DISEASE
Authors: Dhanekula Arjune , DeRoo Scott , Burke Christopher , Hwang Billie , Mulligan Michael , Pal Jay , Marcinek David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for hypertension, aortic aneurysm, and dissection. However, the age-related changes in aortic biology underlying this risk are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important contributor of both aging and cardiovascular pathology. However, most models of aortic disease are in young animals, lacking the context of age-related changes. To test whether mitochondrial changes drive aortic aneurysm, we developed a unique mouse model replicating age-related hypertensive aortic disease. A pilot study used multiple doses of angiotensin II (AngII) for 4 weeks to test the development of aortic disease in 20 month C57Bl/6 mice (n=8). These data revealed a statistically significant increase in ascending aortic size for AngII doses ⩾1000 ng/kg/min (1.603 +/- 0.054 mm versus 1.433 +/- 0.064 mm, p&lt; 0.05). A cohort of older C57Bl/6 mice (23-24 months, n=22) were then treated with AngII (1500 ng/kg/min) or saline, with no change in aortic size over the 4 week study period. The older cohort also revealed no difference in maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) between the AngII and saline groups (30 +/- 3.6 versus 29.4 +/- 0.9 pmol/(sec*mg), p=0.99). However, the 20 month mice in the pilot data had a significantly higher maximal OCR (58 +/- 13.4 pmol/(sec*mg), p&lt; 0.0001). These results demonstrate that angiotensin II administration in older mice results in the development of aortic aneurysm in an age-dependent manner, with an unexpected increase in maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity associated with disease development. These results highlight the importance of testing age-related disease in the context of aging biology.
BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO CARE PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HOSPITALS OF CHINA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Lv Yalin , Ou Yinuo , Li Zhijiang , Jia Jie , Li Juan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cognitive impairment refers to various degrees of cognitive decline in memory, attention, language, execution, and orientation, significantly impacting people’s daily activities and quality of life. With the aggravation of aging population, China has a huge number of people with cognitive impairment and high demand for care. Although there are several international guidelines of care individuals with cognitive impairment, class A tertiary hospitals in China have not well applied them to the clinical care. This study aimed to understand the context of care people with cognitive impairment in hospitals and to explore potential barriers and facilitators to evidence-informed practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses from various departments in a Class A tertiary hospital in China. We developed an interview guide based on the Theoretical Domain Framework and guidelines. Data were analyzed using a framework analysis and domains were identified as salient based on their frequency. Finally, 11 domains related to the clinical care of people with cognitive impairment as well as 6 “barrier” and 11” facilitator “ domains were identified. The “barrier” domains were social influences, environmental context and resources, social/ professional role and identity, beliefs about consequences, beliefs about capabilities and intentions. The “facilitator” domains were knowledge, physical skills, cognitive, interpersonal skills, social influences, environmental context and resources, social/ professional role and identity, behavioral regulation, memory attention and decision processes, beliefs about consequences, beliefs about capabilities and intentions. These will inform collaboration of multiple disciplines and evidence-based intervention to improve the practice of caring cognitive impairment individuals in hospitals.
COLLEGE EDUCATION AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES PREDICT LATE-LIFE COGNITIVE STATUS: DO BIRTH COHORTS DIFFER?
Authors: Smith Jacqui , Johnson Kimson , Larkina Marina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efforts to determine potentially modifiable factors associated with heterogeneity in cognitive status in old age point to the importance of participation in cognitive, physical, and social leisure activities and the relevance of historical changes in completion of post-secondary education. We use data from two birth cohorts in the US Health and Retirement [HRS: Baby Boomers (BB) born 1948-1959; Older cohorts (OC) born before 1948] to examine this proposal. Eligible participants (N=8503: Mage=71) provided post-secondary education information in the HRS Life History Mail Survey (LHMS, 2015-2017) and cognitive status and participation in leisure activities in the 2016 or 2018 HRS biennial waves. Cohorts differed in rates of college education (BB 53% vs OC 42%) and overall leisure activity participation (BB&gt;OC, p&lt;.001). A multiple regression analysis predicting cognitive status (normal vs impaired: Langa-Weir algorithm) revealed significant effects for college education (OR=O.47), leisure activities (OR=0.87), and cohort (ps &lt;.001), after controls for age, gender, wealth, race, marital status, chronic illnesses, and depression. In follow-up cohort-stratified analyses, we grouped people by level of participation in specific activity types (top quartile vs rest). Interestingly, within the older cohort, the risk of cognitive impairment was significantly reduced by high participation in cognitive (OR=0.42) and physical (OR=0.71) leisure activities in addition to having college education (OR=0.47). Within the BB cohort, only people with high participation in cognitive leisure activities (OR=0.65) in addition to college education (OR=0.38) had a reduced risk. Future research should investigate why some leisure activities seem to confer benefits for cognitive resilience whereas others don’t.