bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic adsorption of drugs using carbon nanofibers in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids
Authors: Salihi Elif Caliskan , Berber Betül , İsanç Kübra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo different classes of drugs were selected to test the adsorption capacity of carbon nanofibers as a greener new generation alternative adsorbent in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Kinetics of the promethazine and trimethoprim adsorption were analyzed using Lagergren first order and Pseudo second order models. Intraparticle diffusion graphs were also plotted to discuss the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic data showed the significance of boundary layer effect for both of the drugs and the presence of intraparticle diffusion as the other rate controlling step for the promethazine adsorption. Giles isotherms showed the high affinity of drug molecules to the adsorbent. Maximum adsorption capacity of drugs was calculated using Langmuir model as 18.35 and 41.15 mg/g for trimethoprim and 95.24 and 80.65 mg/g for promethazine in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively. Trimethoprim adsorption was under favor of hydrophobic interaction and π‐π dispersion interactions while promethazine adsorption was through cation exchange where the electrostatic attraction is an important force with the contribution of dispersion interactions.
Alkannin exerts antitumor properties in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by inducing apoptosis and shifting the M1/M2 polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages by upregulating PTEN
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Zhao , Wen Chang‐Hui , Jia Min , Zhang Hong‐Qiang , Sun Shao‐Qin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a common cancer in humans and is the second major type of skin cancer that causes death in humans. In this article, we investigated the effects of alkannin on CSCC progression. We revealed that alkannin curbed CSCC cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner and accelerated CSCC cell apoptosis. In addition, alkannin expedited macrophage M1 polarization while curbing M2 polarization. Moreover, alkannin elevated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) abundance in CSCC cells. The results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that alkannin might modulate CSCC via PTEN. Downregulation of PTEN reversed the effects of alkannin on apoptosis of CSCC cells and M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. Alkannin reduced CSCC tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. In conclusion, alkannin curbed the advancement of CSCC by expediting apoptosis and facilitating M1 polarization of macrophages by upregulating PTEN. These data may offer a therapeutic approach against CSCC.
A four‐pole single passband filter based on planar multilayered closed cavity with three magnetic side walls
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Feng , Xu Yun‐Sheng , Chen Chang , Zhou Linyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA double‐layered substrate three magnetic side wall cavity (TMSWC) and three‐layered configuration with stacked double TMSWCs are proposed. These structures can realize miniaturization by equivalent magnetic walls inside closed cavities and avoid radiation at the same time. Based on the above three‐layered form, a compact four‐pole single passband filter is designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones.
A 23–31 GHz high‐gain GaN low‐noise amplifier using T‐type matching networks and multiple feedback techniques for broadband 5G millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Liu Hailiang , Zhang Zhihao , Yang Xinlei , Zhang Gary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 23–31 GHz three‐stage low‐noise amplifier (LNA) based on 100 nm gallium nitride‐on‐Si technology is presented with a total circuit size of 2.0 × 1.4 mm2. To achieve an excellent noise figure (NF) and gain, a special inductive dual‐source feedback network is used; it contributes to noise matching and input conjugate matching by resonating with the parasitic gate‐source capacitance of the transistor. T‐type networks with low‐quality factor are carefully employed for broadband matching circuits to extend the bandwidth. Meanwhile, a lossy RLC feedback network of the output stage can further obtain a wider frequency band and improve the stability through Miller approximation analysis of the input quality factor and gain of the closed‐loop system. The proposed LNA achieves a NF of 1.9–2.5 dB, a small signal gain of 24–27 dB, and an output 1 dB compression point (P1dB) of 16 dBm across the band.
Circular split‐ring resonator‐based sensor for dielectric constant measurement
Authors: Oh Zi Xin , Yeap Kim Ho , Teh Peh Chiong , Dakulagi Veerendra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a metamaterial‐based microwave sensor for dielectric constant measurements. The sensor is constructed with a circular split‐ring resonator on one side and a coplanar waveguide transmission line on the other side. The proposed sensor has a size of 35 mm × 35 mm × 1.27 mm and resonates at 3.31 GHz. The sensor is fabricated on a RO3210 substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a loss tangent of 0.003. Both the simulation and experimental measurements show a linear relationship between the shift of the resonance frequency and the dielectric constants of the test samples, with a coefficient of determination R2 above 0.99. The dielectric constant of an unknown material can therefore be easily estimated using the inverse linear regression model. To validate the performance of the sensor, three known substrate materials, namely, Rogers RT6002, FR4, and Rogers TMM10, were used as test samples. The measured dielectric constants for these three materials were 2.8045, 4.3775, and 8.8719, respectively. The results agree closely with those indicated in the data sheets, with discrepancies of less than 5%.
Development of a metamaterial‐based compact applicator for hyperthermia
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Singh Hari Shankar , Khanna Rajesh , Kaur Amanpreet , Agarwal Mayank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA compact focused metamaterial‐based applicator is investigated for hyperthermia cancer treatment in this letter. The metamaterial‐based applicator consists of a double spiral antenna (DSA), an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as a reflector, and a frequency selective surface (FSS) as a lens. An AMC structure (64 × 64 mm2) is placed in the back of the antenna at a 5 mm distance that converges the bidirectional field pattern of the antenna into the directional field pattern. Further, to increase penetration inside the tissue, an FSS structure (64 × 64 mm2) is placed at the top of DSA at a distance of 4 mm. The FSS directs the energy toward the tumor location and provides a uniform heating pattern. The field and temperature distribution are numerically obtained for the proposed applicator in the heterogeneous phantom (layers of skin, fat, and muscles), and the performance of the applicator is evaluated in terms of the specific absorption rate, penetration depth, and effective field size. The performance of the applicator is also analyzed for a deeply placed (at 16 mm from the skin surface) irregular‐shaped tumor. The temperature profile calculates 44°C at an input power of 2.5 W. The results show that the applicator is capable of heating sufficiently deep‐seated tumors.
Three dimensional high order finite volume element schemes for elliptic equations
Authors: Zhou Yanhui , Jiang Ying , Zou Qingsong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we construct and analyze three dimensional high order finite volume element schemes for elliptic equations. In these schemes, the trial function space is chosen as the standard rth order Lagrange finite element space, where is an arbitrary positive integer; the test function space is chosen as the piecewise constant space with respect to the dual mesh of which the control volumes are constructed using Gauss points in each element of the primal mesh. We investigate the inf–sup property of these schemes and based on it, we prove that , and , where is the exact solution, is the rth order finite volume element solution and is the piecewise rth order Lagrange interpolation of . Several numerical examples are presented to verify the theoretical findings.
Quantifying unintended effects of an agroecological research project on farmers' practices and social network in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Hazenbosch Mirjam , Sui Shen , Isua Brus , Beauchamp Emilie , Kik Alfred , Luke Grace , Matouš Petr , Morris Rebecca J. , Paliau Jason , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Agroecological researchers and advocates often make assumptions about the social impact and dissemination of their work: researchers may assume that their work has impact through postresearch dissemination, while advocates may assume that new agroecological practices can be effectively spread through existing social networks.

Here, we test these assumptions by quantifying the effects of an agroecological research project on farming practices and the social network in a village community in Papua New Guinea. The project aimed to test the effect of applying banana peel compost, chicken manure and NPK fertiliser on sweet potato yields. Local farmers were involved in the research as project garden owners or research assistants. Using stochastic actor‐oriented modelling, we tracked changes in farming practices and the social network.

Over the course of the research project, more people started to use food waste on their farms, while animal manure and NPK fertiliser were not frequently adopted. Farmers also took up practices that were not directly researched, such as mulching and planting the specific variety of sweet potato that was used in the project. This suggests that local farmers created meaning from the project, despite the researchers not intending to give advice until the end of the project.

The research project also affected the community's social network. Research assistants became more often sought‐after for advice, while knowledge about the project did not flow far from those directly involved. These results indicate that who gets involved in a project may have social consequences, and show the importance of understanding existing social networks before they are relied upon for spreading farming practices.

Overall, this work challenges often‐held assumptions about the social impact and dissemination of agroecological research, provides insights into the types of agricultural innovations more likely to be accepted among farmers, and explores how new practices may most effectively be promoted within a community.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Hydrophobization of hair to improve the interfacial adhesion between hair and high‐density polyethylene
Authors: González Enriquez Norma Daniela , Patiño‐Herrera Rosalba , Catarino‐Centeno Rafael , Palestino Gabriela , Almendárez Camarillo Armando , Pérez Elías 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConcerned about environmental pollution, and aware of the comfort that polyethylene provides for daily human life, this work sought to replace a percentage of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with human or bovine hair. Hair is natural, abundant, light weight, non‐toxic, and disposed of as garbage. The main disadvantage of natural composites is the interfacial adhesion. To increase the interfacial adhesion between hair and HDPE, stearic acid or oleic acid was chemically anchored on the hair surface, which leads to an improved contact angle hysteresis and hydrophobicity. Dynamic‐mechanical properties of the composites were investigated focusing on the type of carboxylic acid used (stearic or oleic acid), hair length, hair type (human or bovine) and amount of hair used in the composite. Taking 40°C as a reference, using 15% of hair with a length of 1 ± 0.15 mm, the highest storage modulus value was obtained with HDPE with human hair modified with oleic acid, exceeding the value of the storage modulus of HDPE by 67.64%. Increasing storage modulus on composites indicates of interfacial interaction and chemical affinity improvement between hair and polyethylene.
Toxicological and molecular adverse effect ofIllicium verumfruit constituents towardBradysia procera
Authors: Hong Tae‐kyun , Lee Seung‐hwan , Shin Jeong‐seop , Jang Kyoung‐hwa , Na Eun‐shik , Park Chol‐soo , Kim Chung‐hwan , Kim Jun‐Ran , Balusamy Sri Renukadevi , Perumalsamy Haribalan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBradysia procera, a ginseng stem fungus gnat, is one of the most serious insect pests of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), causing significant damage to plant growth. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of phenylpropanoids (trans‐anethole and estragole) isolated from the methanol extract and hydrodistillate ofIllicium verumfruit against third‐instar larvae and eggs ofBradysia procera.RESULTSThe filter‐paper mortality bioassay revealed that estragole [median lethal concentration (LC50) = 4.68 g/cm2] has a significant fumigant effect, followed bytrans‐anethole (LC50= 43.92 g/cm2). However, estragole had the lowest toxic effect when compared to commercially available insecticides. After 7 days, estragole andtrans‐anethole at 75 g/cm2inhibited egg hatchability up to 97% and 93%, respectively. At 0.09 g/cm2, insecticides had an inhibitory effect on egg‐hatching ability ranging from 88% to 94%. Furthermore, in both closed and open containers, these active constituents were able to consistently induce vapor‐phased toxicity. Both estragole andtrans‐anethole have the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is involved in neurotransmitter function. However, the active constituent estragole fromI. verumfruit acted as a potent AChE inhibitor and had a slightly lower effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) than octopamine alone.CONCLUSIONThis finding suggests that estragole may influenceBradysia proceraneurotransmitter function via both the AChE and octopaminergic receptors. More research is needed to demonstrate the potential applications ofI. verumfruit‐derived products as potential larvicides and ovicides forBradysia procerapopulation control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Der Luisenturm auf dem Atzelberg
Authors: Trautz Martin , Seiter Alex 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIm Zuge der Errichtung eines Ersatzneubaus des Luisenturms auf dem Atzelberg bei Kelkheim‐Eppenhain im Taunus löst eine Stahlkonstruktion den bisherigen Aussichtsturm in Holzbauweise ab. Das 27 m hohe Bauwerk zeichnet sich durch schlanke Tragelemente aus geradlinigen und gekrümmten Stahlrohren aus, die in Off‐Knot‐Bauweise hergestellt und gefügt sind, wobei sich die Stoßstellen außerhalb der Stabwerksknoten befinden und so die komplett geschweißten Knoten frei bleiben von zusätzlichen Laschen, Stoßdeckungen und Verschraubungen. Die Rohrfügungen bestehen aus vierteiligen, passgeformten Laschen aus Rundrohrausschnitten, die im Inneren angeschraubt werden und nur an der Stoßfuge und den außenliegenden Schraubenköpfen erkennbar sind. Die neuartige Konstruktionsweise unterstreicht die Filigranität des Tragwerks und setzt einen eleganten Akzent in die umgebende gebirgige Taunuslandschaft.
Novel technique using bone tunnels and ligament prostheses to treat a craniolateral shoulder luxation in a dog
Authors: Griffin Henry , Guerin Vincent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 12 kg, 8‐year‐old, female, entire whippet presented for a non‐weight‐bearing, right forelimb lameness due to a craniolateral shoulder luxation, confirmed on radiographs. The right shoulder was stabilised surgically using a bone tunnel and suture technique, modified from a previously reported cadaveric study in cats. The dog showed good recovery at 4 and 8 weeks, and showed no evidence of lameness 6 months postoperatively.
Oleaginous yeasts: Time to rethink the definition?
Authors: Salvador López José Manuel , Vandeputte Meriam , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOleaginous yeasts are typically defined as those able to accumulate more than 20% of their cell dry weight as lipids or triacylglycerides. Research on these yeasts has increased lately fuelled by an interest to use biotechnology to produce lipids and oleochemicals that can substitute those coming from fossil fuels or offer sustainable alternatives to traditional extractions (e.g., palm oil). Some oleaginous yeasts are attracting attention both in research and industry, with Yarrowia lipolytica one of the best‐known and studied ones. Oleaginous yeasts can be found across several clades and different metabolic adaptations have been found, affecting not only fatty acid and neutral lipid synthesis, but also lipid particle stability and degradation. Recently, many novel oleaginous yeasts are being discovered, including oleaginous strains of the traditionally considered non‐oleaginous Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the face of this boom, a closer analysis of the definition of “oleaginous yeast” reveals that this term has instrumental value for biotechnology, while it does not give information about distinct types of yeasts. Having this perspective in mind, we propose to expand the term “oleaginous yeast” to those able to produce either intracellular or extracellular lipids, not limited to triacylglycerides, in at least one growth condition (including ex novo lipid synthesis). Finally, a critical look at Y. lipolytica as a model for oleaginous yeasts shows that the term “oleaginous” should be reserved only for strains and not species and that in the case of Y. lipolytica, it is necessary to distinguish clearly between the lipophilic and oleaginous phenotype.
[FeFe]‐Hydrogenase models featuring dithiolato‐bridgehead functionality: Preparation, structures, and electrocatalytic proton reduction
Authors: Bai Shu‐Fen , Jin Bo , Gao Xin‐Ping , Li Wen‐Jing , Li Qian‐Li , Zhao Pei‐Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo further develop the active site models of [FeFe]‐hydrogenases, a new series of diiron model complexes [{(μ‐SCH2)2CHCH2OC(O)C6H4I)}Fe2(CO)6] (I is located at ‐para for 1, ‐meta for 2, and ‐ortho for 3) bearing dithiolato‐bridgehead functionality were successfully prepared by treatments of bridghead‐hydroxyl‐containing parent complex [{(μ‐SCH2)2CHCH2OH)}Fe2(CO)6] (A) and three different iodobenzoic acids (IC6H4CO2H) in the presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as dehydrating reagent. All these new complexes 1–3 have been fully characterized through elemental analysis, FT‐IR and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopies, and X‐ray crystallography. Further electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of complexes 1–3 are studied and compared in the absence and presence of acetic acid (HOAc) as a proton source by cyclic voltammetry (CV), indicating that they may be considered as the active biomimetic electrocatalysts for proton reduction to hydrogen (H2).
Dissipative effects in finite density holographic superfluids
Authors: Donos Aristomenis , Kailidis Polydoros 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We derive the leading dissipative corrections of holographic superfluids at finite temperature and chemical potential by employing our recently developed techniques to study dissipative effects in the hydrodynamic limit of holographic theories. As part of our results, we express the incoherent conductivity, the shear and the three bulk viscosities in terms of thermodynamics and the black hole horizon data of the dual bulk geometries. We use our results to show that all three bulk viscosities exhibit singular behaviour close to the critical point.
Gewaltsamer Tod im Zusammenhang mit der COVID‑19‑Pandemie
Authors: Keimling S. , Babian C. , Dreßler J. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Weltweit wird von einer durch die COVID-19-Pandemie bedingten Übersterblichkeit gesprochen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu prüfen, ob diese Übersterblichkeit nicht nur durch letale Krankheitsverläufe, sondern auch durch pandemieassoziierte gewaltsame Todesfälle verursacht wurde.

Material und Methoden
In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 825 Sektionsgutachten des Leipziger Instituts für Rechtsmedizin des Jahres 2020 ausgewertet: darunter 72 Suizide und 14 Homizide, welche auf einen Zusammenhang zur COVID-19-Pandemie untersucht wurden. Einbezogen wurden Ergebnisse der kriminalpolizeilichen Ermittlungen, sowie die Todesursachenstatistik der jeweiligen zuständigen Behörden der Jahre 2015–2020. Es erfolgte eine anonymisierte Dateneingabe. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt waren 5 von 72 Suiziden (6,94 %) und einer von 14 Homiziden (7,14 %) durch die COVID-19-Pandemie motiviert. Die Anzahl der Suizide in Deutschland war in den Jahren 2015 bis 2020 insgesamt rückläufig; deutschlandweit war kein signifikanter Anstieg der Suizide 2020 erkennbar, wohingegen die Anzahl der Suizide in Sachsen im ersten Pandemiejahr 2020 um 8,7 % (nicht signifikant) stieg.

Diskussion
In der untersuchten sächsischen Stichprobe waren ca. 7 % der Suizide und Homizide durch die COVID-19-Pandemie motiviert. Motive waren unter anderem: Ausgangsbeschränkungen, Reiseverbote, Angst vor einer Infektion mit dem COVID-19-Virus und pandemiebedingte Veränderungen im sozialen Umfeld.
Die „COVID-19-bedingte Übersterblichkeit“ ist damit auch auf pandemieassoziierte gewaltsame Todesfälle zurückzuführen.
Es wird beabsichtigt, die Untersuchungen für das zweite Pandemiejahr (2021) fortzuführen.
Invariance Principles and Log-Distance of F-KPP Fronts in a Random Medium
Authors: Drewitz Alexander , Schmitz Lars 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the front of the solution to the F-KPP equation with randomized non-linearity. Under suitable assumptions on the randomness including spatial mixing behavior and boundedness, we show that the front of the solution lags at most logarithmically in time behind the front of the solution of the corresponding linearized equation, i.e. the parabolic Anderson model. This can be interpreted as a partial generalization of Bramson’s findings (Bramson in Commun Pure Appl Math 31(5):531–581, 1978) for the homogeneous setting. Partially building on this result and its derivation, we establish functional central limit theorems for the fronts of the solutions to both equations.
Optimal Control, Contact Dynamics and Herglotz Variational Problem
Authors: de León Manuel , Lainz Manuel , Muñoz-Lecanda Miguel C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we combine two main topics in mechanics and optimal control theory: contact Hamiltonian systems and Pontryagin maximum principle. As an important result, among others, we develop a contact Pontryagin maximum principle that permits to deal with optimal control problems with dissipation. We also consider the Herglotz optimal control problem, which is simultaneously a generalization of the Herglotz variational principle and an optimal control problem. An application to the study of a thermodynamic system is provided.