bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy using infusional gemcitabine in locally advanced rectal cancer: A phase II trial
Authors: Bazarbashi Shouki , Elshenawy Mahmoud A. , Badran Ahmed , Aljubran Ali , Alzahrani Ahmed , Almanea Hadeel , Alsuhaibani Abdullah , Alashwah Ahmed , Neimatallah Mohamed , Abduljabbar Alaa , Ashari Luai , Alhomoud Samar , Ghebeh Hazem , Elhassan Tusneem , Alsanea Nasser , Mohiuddin Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionGemcitabine is a well‐known radiosensitizer. Herein, we tested the efficacy and toxicity of preoperative concurrent infusional gemcitabine and radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.Patients and MethodsThis was a phase II, single‐arm trial. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma with clinical stage T3–T4 and/or nodal involvement, age ≥18 years, and no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Patients received preoperative radiation at a dose of 50.4–54 Gy over 28 days with concurrent infusional gemcitabine administered at a dose of 100 mg/m2 over the course of 24 h weekly for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR).ResultsForty patients were recruited. Only one patient did not complete therapy due to death. Eight patients did not undergo surgery, one died, two progressed to nonresectable disease, and five withdrew consent. Five patients progressed prior to surgery, with two having unresectable metastases and three having resectable liver metastases. One was found to have peritoneal metastasis during surgery. Out of the 32 patients who underwent surgery, seven achieved pCR at a rate of 20%. With a median follow‐up of 30 months, four additional patients had a distant relapse (one had a subsequent local relapse). The 3‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were 70% and 85%, respectively. The commonest preoperative grade 3–4 toxicity included lymphopenia (50%), neutropenia (41%), anemia (15%), diarrhea (12%), abdominal pain (12%), and proctitis (8%).ConclusionConcurrent preoperative chemoradiotherapy using infusional gemcitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer achieved an encouraging degree of local control with manageable toxicity.
School‐based abuse prevention programming: Implementation of child safety matters with minority youth
Authors: Kenny Maureen C. , Long Haiying , Billings Deborah , Malik Fayeza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSchools are a natural choice for providing prevention information about victimisation to children and young people. This study examines the implementation of the Monique Burr Foundation's Child Safety Matters program with minority youth attending public school. The program was implemented with children aged four to 13 years, primarily in schools in low‐income areas in a large, multicultural public school system. Pre‐ and post‐test assessments of the program showed small significant improvements over time regardless of grade or gender, though with ceiling effects in the pre‐tests. Regarding the most important information learned, youth responded with themes of bullying, safety rules, Internet safety and abuse. Five children made direct disclosures of sexual or physical abuse to the presenter and were subsequently reported to the child abuse hotline. Teachers, in whose classrooms the program was delivered, reported satisfaction with the program, and an increased sense of competence in identifying abuse. Implications for administering and assessing prevention programs are provided.Key Practitioner Messages

School wide prevention programming can begin in schools with children as young as 5 years of age and expose a wide range of students to important knowledge and self‐protection skills.
Children who participated in the Child Safety Matters program showed significant gains in knowledge over time regardless of grade or gender.
Participation in a school‐based abuse prevention program may lead to disclosures of abuse among participants.
Natural Occurring Phenolic Derivatives from Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) Stems and Their Potential Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: de Oliveira Djalma Menezes , de Oliveira Diego Batista Carneiro , Nunes Yule Roberta Ferreira , de Almeida Alves Tânia Maria , Kohlhoff Markus , Andrade Anderson Assunção , Cota Betania Barros 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMauritia flexuosa Linnaeus filius (buriti or aguage; Arecaceae) is a palm used by traditional medicine in Brazil to treat dysentery and diarrhea. Our group showed that the soluble dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fraction from EtOH extract from M. flexuosa stems inhibited the growth of methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and it is rich in phenolic compounds. This study aimed to isolate new phenolic compounds from CH2Cl2 fraction from M. flexuosa stems with in vitro antibacterial activity. The crude CH2Cl2 fraction was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) followed by semi‐preparative RP‐HPLC. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against MSSA (ATCC 29213) and MRSA (clinical isolate 155). All compounds were also tested against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli; ATCC 35218) bacteria and two fungi species (Candida albicans; ATCC 14053 and Trichophyton rubrum; ATCC MYA 4438). The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by analysis and comparison with literature data of their NMR and HRMS spectra and optical activity. The chemical investigation yielded seven aromatic compounds, of which four, (2S,15S)‐2,15‐dimethyl‐2,15‐dioxa‐1,8(1,4)‐dibenzenacyclotetradecaphane (1), (2S,5S)‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexane‐2,5‐diol (3), bruguierol E (4), and buritin (5) were previously unreported and three are known compounds identified as 6‐(4’‐hydroxyphenyl) hexan‐2‐one (2), (+)‐(2R,3R)‐dihydrokaempferol (6), and (+)‐(2R)‐naringenin (7). Compounds 1 and 7 showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and MSSA with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of between 62.5 and 31.3 μg/mL, respectively. Our preliminary findings support that CH2Cl2 fraction from buriti, a typical species of flooded areas of Brazilian savanna, and its aromatic phenolic compounds are active against MSSA and MRSA contributing with understanding about the traditional use of this species.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: Two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Bitar Zouheir Ibrahim , Maadarani Ossama Sajeh , Alabdali Fawaz , Teama Ahmed , Elsawah Walid , Mohsen Mohammed Jaber , Elzoueiry Mahmoud Mostafa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIf not detected early, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis can be a serious adverse effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Unfortunately, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is underreported in recent trials and missed because of normal blood sugar levels and nonspecific symptoms on presentation. We present two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed dapagliflozin‐associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis followed by hyperglycemic ketoacidosis. The second patient had euglycemic ketoacidosis twice despite instructions to stop using the medication dapagliflozin.
Early identification of uterine scar defect by preconception magnetic resonance imaging to achieve successful pregnancy outcome after laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy: Two case reports
Authors: Takeda Akihiro , Shibata Mayu , Koike Wataru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyomectomy improves the reproductive ability of women. However, the risk for uterine rupture and abnormal placentation remains a concern. In two cases with scar defects after laparoscopic‐assisted myomectomy, one case developed amniocele, while other case showed abnormally invasive placenta. Obstetrical management measures with cesarean sections yielded uneventful postoperative courses.
Light‐Controllable Binary Switch Activation of CAR T Cells
Authors: Kobayashi Aya , Nobili Alberto , Neier Steven C. , Sadiki Amissi , Distel Robert , Zhou Zhaohui Sunny , Novina Carl D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMajor challenges to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies include uncontrolled immune activity, off‐tumor toxicities and tumor heterogeneity. To overcome these challenges, we engineered CARs directed against small molecules. By conjugating the same small molecule to distinct tumor‐targeting antibodies, we show that small molecule specific‐CAR T cells can be redirected to different tumor antigens. Such binary switches allow control over the degree of CAR T cell activity and enables simultaneous targeting of multiple tumor‐associated antigens. We also demonstrate that ultraviolet light‐sensitive caging of small molecules blocks CAR T cell activation. Exposure to ultraviolet light, uncaged small molecules and restored CAR T cell‐mediated killing. Together, our data demonstrate that a light‐sensitive caging system enables an additional level of control over tumor cell killing, which could improve the therapeutic index of CAR T cell therapies.
High‐gain single‐switch single‐input dual‐output DC‐DC converter with reduced switching stress
Authors: Krishna Bekkam , Uma Maheswar Rao P. , Karthikeyan V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn light‐emitting diode (LED) driver applications, as an alternative of employing two separate conventional DC‐DC converters, single‐input dual‐output converters (SIDO) have excellent performance over traditional topologies. However, SIDO has the limitation of more number switches required, which leads to higher switching losses and deteriorating efficiency. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper presents a novel of a single‐switch single‐input dual‐output DC‐DC converter with a high‐gain ratio. It attains the two boosted outputs with a high‐gain conversion ratio using a single switch by incorporating the switched‐capacitor technique. In addition, the bulkiness of the converter was reduced by utilizing only one inductor and switch. Moreover, it improves efficiency by reduced switching stress and cross‐regulation at output ends. Furthermore, the performance of the converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) has been explained in this paper. Finally, a 120‐W hardware setup has been built and tested. The experiment results are presented to validate the merits of the proposed topology.
Birthweight moderates the association between chronological age and infants’ abilities to respond to cues for joint attention
Authors: Stallworthy Isabella C. , Sifre Robin , Fenoglio Angela , Dahl Claire , Georgieff Michael K. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfants born preterm are more likely than ever to survive, but relatively little is known about the factors that influence their subsequent sociocognitive development. Responding to joint attention (RJA) is a pivotal skill that is likely supported by biological preparedness at birth and ex‐utero social experience. The goals of this study are to evaluate the relative roles of chronological age, gestation duration, and birthweight for early RJA and examine birthweight as a potential moderator of the associations between chronological age and RJA. This study leveraged a mixed longitudinal design of infants (N = 256, obs = 421) from 8 to 16 months of chronological age. Results show that chronological age and gestation duration both explain unique variation in RJA. Further, birthweight exhibits quadratic relations with RJA. Birthweight moderates the association between chronological age and RJA; infants born heavier demonstrate faster RJA growth compared to those born smaller. Findings suggest that birth weight, an index of nutrient sufficiency in utero and biological preparedness, may constrain or afford early RJA development, consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DoHAD) hypothesis. Findings inform our understanding of the roles of biological preparedness and experience in shaping RJA and help disaggregate potential mechanisms of prematurity‐related challenges to social cognitive development.
Microclimate‐driven trends in spring‐emergence phenology in a temperate reptile (Vipera berus): Evidence for a potential “climate trap”?
Authors: Turner Rebecca K. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change can not only increase the exposure of organisms to higher temperatures but can also drive phenological shifts that alter their susceptibility to conditions at the onset of breeding cycles. Organisms rely on climatic cues to time annual life cycle events, but the extent to which climate change has altered cue reliability remains unclear. Here, we examined the risk of a “climate trap”—a climatically driven desynchronization of the cues that determine life cycle events and fitness later in the season in a temperate reptile, the European adder (Vipera berus). During the winter, adders hibernate underground, buffered against subzero temperatures, and re‐emerge in the spring to reproduce. We derived annual spring‐emergence trends between 1983 and 2017 from historical observations in Cornwall, UK, and related these trends to the microclimatic conditions that adders experienced. Using a mechanistic microclimate model, we computed below‐ and near‐ground temperatures to derive accumulated degree‐hour and absolute temperature thresholds that predicted annual spring‐emergence timing. Trends in annual‐emergence timing and subsequent exposure to ground frost were then quantified. We found that adders have advanced their phenology toward earlier emergence. Earlier emergence was associated with increased exposure to ground frost and, contradicting the expected effects of macroclimate warming, increased post‐emergence exposure to ground frost at some locations. The susceptibility of adders to this “climate trap” was related to the rate at which frost risk diminishes relative to advancement in phenology, which depends on the seasonality of climate. We emphasize the need to consider exposure to changing microclimatic conditions when forecasting biological impacts of climate change.
Anthracene‐Modified Cadmium Metal‐Organic Framework as an Excellent Sensor for the Detection of 2,4,6‐Trinitrophenol and Nitrofurantoin
Authors: Lan Men Ling , Li Jiao , Yue Fan Ming , Li Xiao , Ling Liu Yan , Wei Gao Feng , Min Su Zhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel 3D MOF [Cd2(IPA)2L0.5(CH3OH)] (CUST‐535) (H2IPA=isophthalic acid; L=9,10‐bis(N‐benzimidazolyl)‐anthracene) with rectangular 2D layer has been rationally synthesized under solvothermal conditions using ligand L with fluorescence properties. CUST‐535 displays a fascinating 6‐connected 3D network based on the point symbol {36 ⋅ 418}. The excellent structural stability of CUST‐535 was also verified by PXRD and TGA. Remarkably, thanks to the presence of the anthracene‐based chromophore, CUST‐535 exhibits strong blue light emission and shows sensitive and rapid fluorescence “turn‐off” detecting of trace amounts of 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) and nitrofurantoin (NFT) in DMF. The limit of detection (LOD) for TNP and NFT are 0.374 μM and 0.675 μM, respectively. In the end, the mechanisms of fluorescence quenching have also been systematically studied through theoretical calculations and experiments.
Electrochemical Investigation of some Flavonoids in Aprotic Media
Authors: Naróg Dorota , Sobkowiak Andrzej 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCyclic voltammerty data for the oxidation of 15 flavonoids in acetonitrile have been presented. Up to three peaks in different potential regions appear in the CV curves, depending on the structure of a flavonoid. The peak in the first potential region (+0.79÷+1.03 V vs SCE) occurs when a flavonoid molecule has an o‐dihydroxy moiety in the ring A or B. From the data in the literature, the formation of o‐quinone is responsible for the occurrence of the peak. When the o‐dihydroxy moiety is in ring B and the hydroxyl group is at position 3, the second peak in the potential region+1.08÷+1.32 V, is present. It is an agreement that the peak is due to oxidation of benzofuranone derivative formed in reaction of o‐quinone with water. Molecules with an o‐quinone moiety located in ring A seem to be less reactive, and the peak in the second potential region does not occur. However, the existence of an o‐quinone in the ring B is not necessary for the peak in the second potential region to be present. The oxidation of kaempferol and morin, which have hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 4’, takes place at 0.98 V and 0.97 V, respectively, and leads to the formation of p‐quinone methide. We have shown that the peak in the second potential region also appears when the hydroxyl group in the flavonoid molecule is only at position 3 or at position 4’. For 3‐hydroxyflavone and apigenin, which are oxidized at +1.10 V and 1.49 V respectively, p‐quinone methide was detected after controlled potential bulk electrolysis. A mechanism which includes the reaction of the carbon radical with a trace of water has been proposed. For flavonoids that have an o‐dihydroxy moiety in ring B and the hydroxyl group at position 3, two oxidation peaks are observed in the CV curves in the second potential region for low scan rates (below 0.1 V s−1). An explanation of this behavior has been proposed.
Development of instant paneer type product from groundnut using microwave dehydration
Authors: Bal Atreyee , Chauhan Om Prakash , Pandey Arun Kumar , Semwal Anil Dutt , Mishra Avinash , Almujaydil Mona S. , Alharbi Hend F. , Alnajeebi Afnan M. , Elansary Hosam O. , Mahmoud Eman A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed at the development of a groundnut‐based dehydrated paneer type product which could serve as an instant vegan protein source. In the process of preparing groundnut paneer, a ratio of 1:5 of groundnut to water and 2.0% calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution was used for the preparation of groundnut paneer and the product was evaluated for physicochemical, instrumental color, instrumental textural, and sensory characteristics. The developed paneer cubes (1.5 × 1.5 × 1 cm) were dehydrated using a vacuum‐assisted microwave dryer at different microwave powers (200–600 W, 250 mbar vacuum). The minimum bulk density (0.55 g/cc) and maximum rehydration ratio (2.9) were recorded in the sample dehydrated at 600 W. The samples dried at 600 W also showed significantly (p < .05) higher L* values, softer texture and high sensory scores for color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability after rehydration.
Avalanche criticality in individuals, fluid intelligence, and working memory
Authors: Xu Longzhou , Feng Jianfeng , Yu Lianchun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe critical brain hypothesis suggests that efficient neural computation can be achieved through critical brain dynamics. However, the relationship between human cognitive performance and scale‐free brain dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the whole‐brain avalanche activity and its individual variability in the human resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. We showed that though the group‐level analysis was inaccurate because of individual variability, the subject wise scale‐free avalanche activity was significantly associated with maximal synchronization entropy of their brain activity. Meanwhile, the complexity of functional connectivity, as well as structure–function coupling, is maximized in subjects with maximal synchronization entropy. We also observed order–disorder phase transitions in resting‐state brain dynamics and found that there were longer times spent in the subcritical regime. These results imply that large‐scale brain dynamics favor the slightly subcritical regime of phase transition. Finally, we showed evidence that the neural dynamics of human participants with higher fluid intelligence and working memory scores are closer to criticality. We identified brain regions whose critical dynamics showed significant positive correlations with fluid intelligence performance and found that these regions were located in the prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex, which were believed to be important nodes of brain networks underlying human intelligence. Our results reveal the possible role that avalanche criticality plays in cognitive performance and provide a simple method to identify the critical point and map cortical states on a spectrum of neural dynamics, ranging from subcriticality to supercriticality.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Takenaka Yukinori , Oya Ryohei , Takemoto Norihiko , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the prognostic impact of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We systematically searched electronic databases and identified articles reporting an association between NLR and treatment results in patients with HNSCC treated with ICIs. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) and odds ratios (ORs) for response and disease control were extracted. Pooled HRs and ORs were estimated using random‐effects models. Fourteen studies involving 929 patients were included. A higher NLR was associated with poor OS (HR 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–2.74), PFS (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.44–3.21), response (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.93), and disease control (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.74). The NLR predicts treatment results with ICIs in patients with HNSCC.
Preclinical safety evaluation of levonadifloxacin, a novel anti‐methicillin‐resistant Staphyloccocus aureus benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone by intravenous and oral administration
Authors: Nandanwar Manohar , Kansagara Atul , Gupta Sangita , Patel Anasuya , Patel Muftedar Ahmed , Yeole Ravindra , Thorve Deepak , Patel Mahesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterials have drawn heightened attention from various international regulatory agencies due to their class‐specific side effects. Levonadifloxacin is a novel broad spectrum benzoquinolizine FQ active against methicillin‐resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA). Owing to FQ‐associated safety concerns, extensive preclinical safety pharmacology (central nervous system and cardiac safety) and toxicology studies (subacute repeat‐dose toxicity, genotoxicity, phototoxicity and chondrotoxicity) of levonadifloxacin were performed at relatively high doses. Intravenous (IV) and oral studies were conducted using WCK 771 (l‐arginine salt of levonadifloxacin) and WCK 2349 (l‐alanine ester prodrug of levonadifloxacin), respectively. Safety pharmacology studies following single dose revealed no adverse effects on central nervous system (including seizure) in mice and cardiovascular system (hERG and monkey telemetry). In repeat‐dose toxicity studies, except for IV bolus dosing related effects in rat (hyperactivity, mild convulsion, polypnoea and injection site irritation) and dog (emesis and salivation), no other adverse findings limiting the dosing duration were observed. No major biochemical, haematological, gross or histopathological changes suggestive of damage to vital organs were observed in either WCK 771‐ or WCK 2349‐treated groups. WCK 771 and WCK 2349 were found to be nongenotoxic; however, they showed weak phototoxicity that was comparable with levofloxacin. WCK 771 showed chondrotoxicity in the Beagle dog pups on repeat‐dose administration; however, the severity level was lower than ofloxacin. Overall, preclinical safety studies helped establish wider safety margin for WCK 771 and WCK 2349 that supports administration of higher therapeutic doses in humans by both IV and oral routes, thereby enabling safe anti‐MRSA treatment.