bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Violence and the Uncertainty of Viral Undetectability for African, Caribbean and Black People Living with HIV in Canada: An Institutional Ethnography
Authors: Odhiambo Apondi J. , O'Campo Patricia , Nelson LaRon E. , Forman Lisa , Grace Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biomedical advances in healthcare and antiretroviral treatment or therapy (ART) have transformed HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. Studies demonstrate that people living with HIV who adhere to antiretroviral therapy can achieve viral suppression or undetectability, which is fundamental for optimizing health outcomes, decreasing HIV-related mortality and morbidity, and preventing HIV transmission. African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) communities in Canada remain structurally disadvantaged and bear a disproportionate burden of HIV despite biomedical advancements in HIV treatment and prevention. This institutional ethnography orients to the concept of ‘structural violence’ to illuminate how inequities shape the daily experiences of ACB people living with HIV across the HIV care cascade. We conducted textual analysis and in-depth interviews with ACB people living with HIV (n=20) and health professionals including healthcare providers, social workers, frontline workers, and health policy actors (n=15). Study findings produce a cumulative understanding that biomedical HIV discourses and practices ignore structural violence embedded in Canada’s social fabric, including legislation, policies and institutional practices that produce inequities and shape the social world of Black communities. Findings show that inequities in structural and social determinants of health such as food insecurity, financial and housing instability, homelessness, precarious immigration status, stigma, racial discrimination, anti-Black racism, criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, health systems barriers and privacy concerns intersect to constrain engagement and retention in HIV healthcare and ART adherence, contributing to the uncertainty of achieving and maintaining undetectability and violating their right to health. Biomedical discourses and practices, and inequities reduce Black people to a stigmatized, pathologized, and impoverished detectable viral underclass. Black people perceived as nonadherent to ART and maintain detectable viral loads are considered “bad” patients while privileged individuals who achieve undetectability are considered “good” people. An effective response to ending HIV/AIDS requires implementing policies and institutional practices that address inequities in structural and social determinants of health among ACB people.
Triphosgene: an efficient chlorination reagent for synthesis of 5-chloro-2-pentanone from acetyl-n-propanol
Authors: Xing Qianqian , Zhao Jiancheng , Zhu Yulei , Hou Xianglin , Wang Yingxiong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

5-Chloro-2-pentanone (5C2P) and its derivatives are widely utilized in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. A new catalytic approach was proposed to convert acetyl-n-propanol to 5C2P using bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate (triphosgene, BTC) as the efficient chlorine source. Various qualitative and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (1H, 13C NMR) especially 1D selective gradient total correlation spectroscopy (Sel-TOCSY) and 2D heteronuclear single quantum correlation (1H-13C HSQC) were used in the process. The reaction conditions, such as temperature, time, mole ratio, solvent as well as initiator were optimized. Experiment results showed that the yield of 5C2P reached a maximum of 97.93% in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80°C after 2 h under the initiation of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), and the optimal molar ratio of acetyl-n-propanol to BTC was 1:0.4. The reaction mechanism was proposed and confirmed accordingly. Interestingly, an intermediate product of 1-(dimethylamino)ethyl carbonochloridate was observed and its chemical structure was characterized by both Sel-TOCSY and 1H-13C HSQC. This study enriched the catalytic reaction ways for the preparation of 5C2P.
Enhancement of exogenous riboflavin on microbiologically influenced corrosion of nickel by electroactive Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm
Authors: Chen shougang , Pu yanan , Dou wenwen , Tian yuan , Hou su 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work gives the latest insights into the pure nickel (Ni) microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) induced by Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D. vulgaris). Riboflavin, a soluble redox mediator for electron transfer, is involved in a variety of redox processes in biogeochemical systems. By comparison, 20 ppm riboflavin dramatically enhanced the Ni MIC (59% increase in weight loss), while the Cu MIC showed no effect due to the fact that Cu MIC was metabolite (M)-MIC. Furthermore, H2 detection in the headspace revealed that neither proton nor H2S corrosion occurred in the Ni MIC (Cu MIC caused by the biogenic H2S produced copious amounts of H2, whereas the Ni MIC did not). The experimental results and thermodynamic analysis indicated that Ni D. vulgaris MIC was energetically generated by trapping electrons, which was classified as extracellular electron transfer (EET)-MIC.
Notes on the morels of South America with comments on their anamorphs
Authors: Pfister Donald H. , Healy Rosanne , LoBuglio Katherine F. , Furci Giuliana , Mitchell James , Smith Matthew E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution of morels in Nothofagaceae forests of South America is addressed based on our field studies in Southern Chile and Argentina. Both ascomata and mitosporic colonies were collected and ascomata were procured from commercial harvesters. A four-gene (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α) and ITS phylogeny assigned these Morchella ascomatal and mitosporic collections to four Elata clade lineages, M. tridentina, M. eximia, M. andinensis and M. aysenina, which were each well supported by ML and Bayesian analyses. The placement of our collections of the two lineages unique to South America, M. andinensis (previously cited as Mel-37) and M. aysenina expand their known distribution in South America. Most of the mitosporic colonies collected in our study belong to the M. eximia “fire adapted lineage.” This is the first report of M. eximia, under this name, in Chile. Since the mitosporic colonies can be found frequently, these collections help to expand the geographical range of currently described species.
Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the molecular responses of rice to Cd stress and/or elevated CO2 concentration
Authors: Wang Lanlan , Wang Ge , Cui Jinghui , Wang Xuhao , Li Meng , Qi Xiufen , Li Xuemei , Li Yueying , Ma Lianju 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the regulatory mechanism of rice to Cd stress and/or elevated CO2 concentration.
Methods
The rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) were exposed to two CO2 concentrations (400 ± 20 µmol mol− 1, AC; 800 ± 20 µmol mol− 1, EC) and CdCl2 concentrations (0 µmol/L, 150 µmol/L) for 10 days. Antioxidant enzymes activities, respiration rate, transcriptomics and metabolomics changes of leaves were studied.
Results
GR activity, respiration rate, many sugars, polyols, amino acids and organic acids contents increased under Cd stress. DEGs (differentially expressed genes) annotated in photosynthesis-antenna proteins were down-regulated; When CO2 increases, some antioxidant enzymes activities and respiration rate decreased. Genes and metabolites related to photosynthesis were enhanced; Under the composite treatment, ASA-GSH cycle was regulated, some amino acids contents increased, respiration rate decreased. The DEGs mainly enriched in substances transmembrane movement and enzymes activities, etc.
Conclusion
Under Cd stress, GR played an important antioxidant role. Sugar, polyol and amino acid metabolisms were enhanced to provide energy, improve osmotic adjustments, maintain cell membrane stability, etc. Organic acids contents increased for regulating plant nutrition, TCA cycle and as the secondary metabolites. Photosynthesis was adversely affected; Under high CO2, photosynthesis increased, the decrease of partial O2 pressure resulted in the decrease of some antioxidant enzymes activities and respiration rate; Under the composite treatment, Cd stress played a dominant role, elevated CO2 alleviated the Cd stress damage by regulating ASA-GSH cycle and amino acids metabolism.
Fuzzy observer-based command filtered tracking control for uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems with sensor faults and event-triggered technology
Authors: Sun Yue , Gao Chuang , Wu Libing , Yang Yonghui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For the trajectory tracking problem of nth-order uncertain nonlinear systems with strict feedback, a fuzzy controller based on command filtered and event-triggered technology is designed to improve the tracking error of the system. Concurrently, a fault-tolerant control scheme is introduced to effectively solve the problem of sudden output sensor failure. Additionally, the proposed controller can also greatly avoid the "differential explosion" problem of derivations of virtual control laws, which makes the design of the controller simpler. Furthermore, an effective observer is designed to solve the problem of system state immeasurability. The control law designed by this method does not need to include the known function of the system state equation. Therefore, the proposed control scheme makes the design of the controller more convenient and flexible. According to Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly and ultimately bounded. Finally, two simulation examples of second-order nonlinear system and single link robot show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Accurate Prenatal Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta by Three-step Echocardiographic Diagnostic Model
Authors: Meng Hong , Luo Zhi-Ling , Shen Yan , Liu Qian-Qian , Li Mu-Zi , Gao Yi-Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is the most common undiagnosed congenital heart defect during prenatal screening. High false positive and false negative rates seriously affect prenatal consultation and postnatal management. The objective of the study was to assess the utility of various measurements to predict prenatal CoA and to derive a diagnostic algorithm. Methods One hundred and fifty-four fetuses with suspected CoA who presented at Fuwai Hospital between December 2017 and August 2021 were enrolled and divided into confirmed CoA cases (47) and false-positive cases (107), according to their postnatal outcomes. Fetal echocardiographic measurements included the cardiac chambers sizes, valve annular diameters, and ascending aorta and pulmonary artery dimensions. The corresponding gestational age-related Z-scores were collected. The diameter of the transverse aortic arch and the aortic isthmus were measured. The TAO-DAO angle between the transverse aortic arch and isthmus was also measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve determined the predictive capability of each diagnostic parameter, and the kappa test determined the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed model.Results Confirmed CoA cases had thinner transverse arches (1.92 ± 0.32 mm vs. 3.06 ± 0.67 mm, P = 0.0001), lower Z-scores of the isthmus (-8.97 ± 1.45 vs. -5.65 ± 1.60, P = 0.0001), smaller TAO-DAO angles (105.54 ± 11.51° vs. 125.29 ± 8.97°, P = 0.0001) and larger distance between the left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery (4.45 ± 1.75 mm vs. 2.74 ± 1.07 mm, P = 0.0001) than the false-positive cases. The area under the curve was 0.947 (95% CI 0.91–0.98) for the TAO-DAO angle, 0.942 (95% CI 0.91–0.98) for the transverse arch diameter, and 0.937 (95% CI 0.90–0.98) for the Z-score of the isthmus. Three important echocardiographic indices were combined to derive a three-step echocardiographic diagnostic model. The kappa test showed that the model’s diagnostic accuracy was consistent with postnatal outcomes (kappa value 0.936, P = 0.0001).Conclusions The three step approach included the three most useful measurements and the five additional indices with appropriate cut-off values. The algorithm optimizes the diagnosis of fetal CoA and is clinically feasible.Trial registration: retrospectively registered.
Towards a numerical modeling of the coupling between RTM process and induced mechanical properties for rigid particle-filled composites
Authors: Moumen Ahmed El , saouab abdelghani , Imad Abdellatif , Kanit Toufik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, a method is proposed for modeling RTM process and the associated mechanical behavior of composites filled with mono-sized spherical Alumina particles. This method combines (i) a numerical model (RTM model) that allows the simulation of the RTM process during the injection of particle filled resins, and (ii) a computational strategy of mechanical properties based on the homogenization methods. These proposed models have already been validated with experimental results. The RTM model is based on 3 sub-models: the first one to describe the suspension flow, the second one to simulate the advance of the flow front, and the last one to model the particles filtration by the fibrous medium. The distribution result of the concentration of particles in the fibrous medium obtained at the end of the simulation of the injection is used as input data for mechanical models of homogenization. The homogenization numerical model was constructed from a representative volume element of the microstructures using the Poisson process. The idea here is to couple these two steps (RTM simulation + mechanical properties computation) in a complete model which allows at the same time and in a single operation: to simulate the process of the manufactured composites loaded with particles and to deduce their induced mechanical properties. The pertinence of the proposed method is confirmed by the simulation of nine elastic properties of composites with the finite element method. The influence of post-filling on the induced mechanical properties has been studied.
Carbon-doped flower-like Bi2WO6 decorated carbon nanosphere nanocomposites with enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Jiang Xiaona , Chen Shuai , Zhang Xinrui , Qu Lanni , Qi Houjuan , Wang Bin , Xu Ben Bin , Huang Zhanhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In search of a recyclable catalyst with synergistic adsorption and photocatalysis, unique composite photocatalysts of flower-like bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) and carbon nanospheres (CSs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal synthesis method (named CSs-Bi2WO6). Based on the large specific surface area and a reasonable band gap (2.53 eV), CSs-Bi2WO6 have good photocatalytic properties. For example, the composite with an optimized ratio (2 wt% CSs-Bi2WO6) showed good adsorption and photocatalytic performance. Under visible light irradiation, the photodegradation rate of tetracycline (TC) by adding 2% CSs is 25% higher than that of pure Bi2WO6. After five cycles, the observed barely decreased TC degradation rate of 2% CSs-Bi2WO6 confirmed the high cyclability and reproducibility of the photocatalyst. The CSs greatly improved the adsorption of pollutants and reduced the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes of the Bi2WO6. This study provides a promising new method for the efficient removal of organic pollutants.
Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of LSM5 Gene in Human Brain Cancer Glioma: An Omics Database Exploration Approach
Authors: Ullah Md. Asad , Alam Sayka , Farzana Maisha , Moin Abu Tayab , Prapty Chowdhury Nusaiba Binte Sayed , Zohora Umme Salma , Rahman Mohammad Shahedur 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
• This study explored the clinical relevance of LSM5 gene in glioma diagnosis and treatment for the first time • LSM5 is overexpressed in lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissues • The promoter of LSM5 gene is differentially methylated in both LGG and GBM tissues • The expression of LSM5 correlates with the survival condition and immunophenotypes of glioma patients
The Impact of Fulfilling Maintenance Obligations on Household Financial Vulnerability and the Role of Commercial Insurance
Authors: Tang Yunkai , Deng Hanhui , Wu Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The State Council of China has advocated encouraging adult children to live close to or with their parents so that they are better able to fulfill their maintenance obligations. Important for family development and societal harmony is the question of how intergenerational support from adult children to their parents impacts the family's financial vulnerability during the co-residence process, and whether commercial insurance can serve as a “stabilizer.” Based on the 2018 CHARLS database, this study combines the poverty vulnerability estimation method and the household financial vulnerability indicator to measure household financial vulnerability, analyzes the effect of intergenerational support on household financial vulnerability, and investigates the moderating and crowding-out effects of various types of commercial insurance in this context. The results indicate that intergenerational support reduces the overall financial vulnerability of households; furthermore, household involvement in life insurance and commercial health insurance amplifies the reducing effect of intergenerational support, whereas the crowding-out effect of commercial insurance on intergenerational support is minimal.Proposals have been prompted that adult children should live close to or with their parents; that right type of commercial insurance based on intergenerational family support can play a stabilizing role; that the government should actively expand the scope of pilot long-term care insurance to benefit more senior citizen households.
A whole-genome shotgun assembly for genome characterization of the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)
Authors: Sato Ryoma , Kondo Yuri , Agarie Sakae 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the genus Mesembryanthemum family of the family Aizoaceae. Here, we performed shotgun genome paired-end sequencing using the Illumina platform to determine the genome sequence of the ice plants. A draft genome was generated with a total length of 286 Mb corresponding to 79.2% of the estimated genome size (361 Mb), consisting of 49,782 contigs. It encompassed 93.49% of the genes of terrestrial higher plants, 99.5% of the ice plant transcriptome, and 100% of known DNA sequences. In addition, 110.9 Mb (38.8%) of repetitive sequences and untranslated regions, 971 tRNA, and 100 miRNA loci were identified, and their effects on stress tolerance and photosynthesis were investigated. Overall, 35,702 protein-coding regions were identified in the genome, of which 56.05–82.59% were annotated and used in domain searches and gene ontology (GO) analyses. The functional characterization using ice plant draft genome is a fundamental result. It can be helpful to elucidate the mechanism of growth promotion and reversible conversion of the photosynthetic type from C3 to CAM in the presence of NaCl. Further, these data could be used in the creation of novel, extremely salt-tolerant crops.
Marine biodegradation mechanism of biodegradable plastics revealed by plastisphere analysis
Authors: Suzuki Miwa , Ishii Shun'ichi , Gonda Kohei , Kashima Hiroyuki , Suzuki Shino , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Arai Takahiro , Tachibana Yuya , Iwata Tadahisa , Kasuya Ken-ichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) are typical biodegradable polyesters; however, their biodegradability in the ocean differs substantially. Herein, we focused on functional genes correlated with biodegradation in ocean environments using multi-meta-omics approaches to identify the microbial groups and esterase enzymes correlated with biodegradation. Within the PHBV plastispheres, five Gammaproteobacteria were abundant, several of which encoded over 10 different types of extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) depolymerases that are highly expressed in the ocean. Within PBSA plastispheres, ecosystems of microbes formed on plastics, only two species of Gammaproteobacteria genomes were highly abundant and expressed: one for hydrolyzing PBSA and the other for consuming cleaved monomers. The high diversity of degrading microorganisms and enzymes could be related to the stable biodegradability of PHBV, while the low biodiversity of PBSA-degraders and necessity of symbiotic relationships likely characterize the instability of the marine biodegradability of PBSA. These results provide fundamental knowledge for the development of biodegradable marine plastics.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics and evaluation of the water resources in Tuzlukçu (Konya/Turkey) Geothermal Area
Authors: ÇEVİKOĞLU Timur , BAŞARAN Can 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The Tuzlukçu geothermal area is located 25km northeast of Akşehir (Konya/Turkey). The aim of the present study is to determine the hydrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics (δ18O, δ2H, 3H, and 13C) and reservoir temperatures. The electrical conductivity values of thermal waters with temperatures ranging between 48–56°C are between 3200–8795 µs/cm. The sampled waters are of the Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 types. The chemical composition of the waters is mainly controlled by the dissolution/weathering of carbonates and silicates and reverse ion-exchange reactions. The calculated quartz geothermometers were 70–90°C for Tuzlukçu thermal waters. The thermal waters' isotopic data (δ18O, δ2H and 3H) shows mixing, intermediate to deep circulating meteoric origin, and 20–80 years residence time. The 13C ratio of the waters varies between − 10.92 and 5.24. There are multiple carbon sources in cold waters, whereas the primary carbon sources in thermal waters are the dissolution of marine carbonates and metamorphic CO2.
Relationship between socioeconomic status, household solid fuels use, sleep quality and depression in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Qiutong , Cheng Yuqing , Zuo Genyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Poor sleep quality and depression are two risk factors for the health of the older adults. Researches on the effects of long-time use of solid fuels in house on sleep quality and depression in the older adults were insufficient and had inconsistent findings. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status, household solid fuels use, sleep quality and depression.Methods:A total of 9325 older adults aged 60 and over were analyzed based on the data extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018. The structural equation model was used to test the association between socioeconomic status and sleep quality, socioeconomic status and depression in the older adults, and household solid fuels use was linked as a mediator.Results:This study demonstrated the mediating role of household solid fuels use between socioeconomic status and sleep quality, socioeconomic status and depression. The result showed that low socioeconomic status was associated with more use of solid fuels in the house (β= -0.569,p<0.001), which was negatively associated with sleep quality (β= -0.044,p<0.001) and positively related to depression (β= 0.060,p<0.001).Conclusion:Household solid fuels use contributes significantly to depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among the older adults with low socioeconomic status. Programs and policies that facilitate access to clean fuels may help ameliorate depressive symptoms and bad sleep quality among the older adults with low socioeconomic status.