bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and attribution of weekly periodic biases in global epidemiological time series data
Authors: Gallagher Kit , Creswell Richard , Gavaghan David , Lambert Ben 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
COVID-19 data exhibit various biases, not least a significant weekly periodic oscillation observed in case and death data from multiple countries. There has been debate over whether this may be attributed to weekly socialising and working patterns, or is due to underlying biases in the reporting process. We investigate these periodic reporting trends in epidemics of COVID-19 and cholera, and discuss the possible origin of these oscillations.

Results
We present a systematic, global characterisation of these weekly biases and identify an equivalent bias in the current Haitian cholera outbreak. By comparing published COVID-19 time series to retrospective datasets from the United Kingdom (UK), we demonstrate that the weekly trends observed in the UK may be fully explained by biases in the testing and reporting processes. These conclusions play an important role in forecasting healthcare demand and determining suitable interventions for future infectious disease outbreaks.
Radiomics and Deep Learning Prediction of Immunotherapy-Induced Pneumonitis From Computed Tomography
Authors: Smith David S. , Lippenszky Levente , LeNoue-Newton Michele L. , Jain Neha M. , Mittendorf Kathleen F. , Micheel Christine M. , Cella Patrick A. , Wolber Jan , Osterman Travis J. 
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE
Primary barriers to application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer include severe side effects (such as potentially life threatening pneumonitis [PN]), which can cause the discontinuation of treatment. Predicting which patients may develop PN while on ICI would improve both safety and potential efficacy because treatments could be safely administered for longer or discontinued before severe toxicity.

METHODS
Starting from a cohort of 3,351 patients with cancer who received previous ICI therapy at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, we curated 2,700 contrast chest computed tomography (CT) volumes for 671 patients. Three different pure imaging models predicted the potential for PN using only a single time point before the first ICI dose.

RESULTS
The first model used 109 radiomics features only and achieved an AUC of 0.747 (CI, 0.705 to 0.789) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.244 (CI, 0.211 to 0.276) at a sensitivity of 0.553 (CI, 0.485 to 0.621) using mainly features describing the global lung properties. The second model used a convolutional neural network (CNN) on the raw CTs to improve to an AUC of 0.819 (CI, 0.781 to 0.857) with a PPV of 0.244 (CI, 0.203 to 0.284) at a sensitivity of 0.743 (CI, 0.681 to 0.806). The third model combined both radiomics and deep learning but, with an AUC of 0.829 (CI, 0.797 to 0.862) and a PPV of 0.254 (CI, 0.228 to 0.281) at a sensitivity of 0.780 (CI, 0.721 to 0.840), did not show a significant improvement on the CNN-only model.

CONCLUSION
This new model suggests the utility of deep learning in PN prediction over traditional pure radiomics and promises better management for patients receiving ICI and the ability to better stratify patients in immunotherapy drug trials.
Indigenous Allies and the Conquest of Maranhão
Authors: Farnsworth Cacey Bowen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Indigenous allies have received considerable scholarly attention over the last decade or so with the development of “New Conquest” historiography. However, these studies remain overwhelmingly focused on Mesoamerica and to some degree Peru with their large sedentary populations. The overarching goal of this article is to expand upon “New Conquest” historiography through an examination of semisedentary Indigenous participation in the conquest of an understudied area during an understudied period—the Brazilian region of Maranhão during the first two decades of the seventeenth century. While it is difficult to recover individual Native perspectives for Brazil during the period in the archives, this article’s employment of an ethnohistorical lens provides a better understanding of Native motivations and actions while confirming the fact that the conquest of Maranhão, and Brazil in general, largely depended upon Indigenous allies.
Calling Moose: A Mid-Nineteenth-Century Example of Northern Tutchone Scapulimancy from Fort Selkirk, Yukon
Authors: Castillo Victoria Elena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fort Selkirk, Yukon, was a site of contact between Northern Tutchone people and Hudson’s Bay Company fur traders in the mid-nineteenth century. During archaeological excavations in 2006, this article’s author recovered a unique moose (Alces alces) scapula, which provides evidence of early contact period Northern Tutchone hunting techniques and scapulimancy. A zoomorphic etching on the surface of the scapula depicts a large male ungulate, probably a moose, along with an arrow in flight by its head. To understand the context and significance of this artifact, the author interviewed Selkirk First Nation (Northern Tutchone) Elder Mr. Roger Alfred. He focused his responses on the scapula’s construction, its use, and the etching’s significance. By using a holistic approach that combines ethnohistorical information, and an oral ethnoarchaeology interview, this article offers insight into the cultural practices that Indigenous hunters use to call and locate moose in the North American subarctic. The Fort Selkirk scapula is a unique tangible example.
Port Cities, Creative Cities
Authors: Edwards Brian T. , Ksikes Driss 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay describes a project launched by the authors in 2020 in multiple port cities. Part manifesto, part interim report, the essay advances three claims about the distinctiveness and potentialities of port cities. First, they share both positive and negative characteristics. On the negative axis, port cities struggle with environmental crisis, susceptibility to epidemics, and endemic forms of crime, poverty, and corruption. On the positive axis, they are distinguished by high levels of multilingualism, social relationality, cosmopolitanism, and creativity. Crossing both axes, water is a key force, as metaphor, energy, and threat. Second, port cities are typically exceptional to the nations to which they pertain, frequently occupying the status of a “minor” city in any given national or regional imaginary, even while part of colonial and postcolonial tensions. As such, they function as nodes across a global network of minor realms. Third, their capacity for resilience and their potential for survival in the face of existential challenges are derived from a concentration of “organic connectors.” The authors define the concept of the “organic connector” and argue for its role in positive social and cultural change. Having established this set of characteristics, the essay lays out a methodology for activist, collaborative research.
Contesting the Residue: Bandits, Collective Hamlets, and Japanese Colonialism in Manchuria
Authors: Zhang Yuanfang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the containment of the dispossessed Chinese peasants through the mechanism of the collective hamlet in Japan-occupied Manchuria in the 1930s. To alleviate its internal recession, Japan initiated the agrarian emigration project and sent farmers to Manchukuo, a puppet state of the Japanese Empire. What followed was the expropriation of local Chinese peasants and the grabbing of their land by Japan to facilitate the distribution of land to Japanese immigrants. This resulted in the phenomenon of dispossessed Chinese peasants, which further entailed the colonial control of these people through a specific mechanism, the collective hamlet. The article examines the colonial knowledge surrounding the collective hamlet in relation to the discourse of bandits. It interrogates how the village embodied a new social relation centering on the rights of land use and land ownership. It investigates how the collective hamlet served as a means of normalization, rather than elimination, of the banditry, which appropriated the existence of bandits as an important component of the economy in the areas where dispossession and expropriation took place.
Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Deviations are Associated With Brain Stiffness Interfaces Measured by Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Authors: Wu Chengyuan , Alizadeh Mahdi , Kramer Mary K. , Kroen Matthew B. , Ziechmann Robert , Mohamed Feroze B. , Wu Qianhong , Johnson Curtis L. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) relies on accurate electrode placement. Unfortunately, electrode deviation poses a persistent problem, with most electrodes demonstrating some degree of bending. Although such bending does not always result in target deviation, an estimated 3% to 8% of patients still require revision surgery to address suboptimal electrode placement. DBS electrode deviation may occur at mechanical tissue interfaces, with denser internal capsule (IC) fibers being the most likely factor. Based on basic principles of physics, we hypothesized that the angle of a planned trajectory relative to tissue interfaces created by the IC induces deviation.

METHODS:
Ten patients with Parkinson disease scheduled for DBS surgery underwent preoperative 3T magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) using synchronized external vibrations to measure brain tissue stiffness. The IC stiffness interface (ICSI) was defined as the transition between the corona radiata and IC on MRE. The rate of transition was calculated as the change in stiffness across the ICSI. Postoperative computed tomography was used to measure target deviation. The angle of approach was calculated as the angle between the planned trajectory and the normal vector to the ICSI. Pearson correlations and t-tests were performed to evaluate associations between the angle of approach and target deviation.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one electrode trajectories were analyzed. The mean electrode deviation was 1.27 ± 0.63 mm. A significant correlation (r = 0.57, 95% CI [0.18, 0.80], P = .007) was found between angle of approach and target deviation, with larger angles associated with greater deviations. The rate of transition did not correlate with deviation (P = .874).

CONCLUSION:
MRE effectively quantifies in vivo brain tissue stiffness in Parkinson disease. The angle between the planned trajectory and the ICSI correlates with target deviation, supporting the hypothesis that tissue mechanics influence electrode bending. MRE has potential to quantify the likelihood of DBS electrode deviation, which could reduce revision surgeries and enhance clinical outcomes.
High-resolution, high-throughput analysis of Drosophila geotactic behavior
Authors: Canic Tijana , Lopez Juan , Ortiz-Vega Natalie , Zhai R. Grace , Syed Sheyum 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Drosophila’s innate response to gravity, geotaxis, has been used to assess the impact of aging and disease on motor performance. Despite its rich history, fly geotaxis continues to be largely measured manually and assessed through simplistic metrics, limiting analytic insights into the behavior. Here, we have constructed a fully programmable apparatus and developed a multi-object tracking software capable of following sub-second movements of individual flies, thus allowing quantitative analysis of geotaxis. The apparatus monitors 10 fly cohorts simultaneously, with each cohort consisting of up to 7 flies. The software tracks single flies during the entire run with ∼97% accuracy, yielding detailed climbing curve, speed and movement direction with 1/30 s resolution. Our tracking permits the construction of multi-variable metrics and the detection of transitory movement phenotypes, such as slips and falls. The platform is therefore poised to advance Drosophila geotaxis assay into a comprehensive assessment of locomotor behavior.
Integrating flight mechanics, energetics and migration ecology in vertebrates
Authors: Hedenström Anders 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Animal locomotion is constrained by Newtonian laws of motion and therefore biomechanics is a useful approach for quantitative analysis of force and power requirements. Aerial locomotion in vertebrates is no exception, and arguably the most significant developments are to be found in this journal. Evolutionary birds and bats are very successful groups, doubtless largely because of their ability to shift location in a short time. This has enabled birds and to a lesser extent bats to perform seasonal long-distance migrations between habitats suitable for reproduction and survival. Power required to fly and potential flight range in relation to fuel load are two fundamental relationships derived from flight mechanics, which both serve as a foundation for the development of optimal migration theory. From this framework where biomechanics, energetics and ecology combine, we can analyse which of the alternative strategies migrants adopt. Such adaptive behaviours include the selection of optimal flight speed and the migratory travel itinerary. However, despite decades of research efforts, there are still many unsolved problems concerning flight mechanics and energetics of vertebrate flight. One such is how the power–speed relationship maps onto metabolic rate during flight, the so-called energy conversion efficiency. There is conflicting empirical evidence concerning how energy conversion possibly varies with flight speed, body mass and body size. As ultimately it is the metabolic energy consumption that is under selection pressure, this is an urgent question for the utility of flight mechanical principles in ecology. In this Review, I discuss this and other knowledge gaps in vertebrate flight and migration.
Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose–Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention
Authors: Vidoni Eric D. , Grove George , Szabo-Reed Amanda N. , Key Mickeal N. , Huang Haiqing , Burns Jeffrey M. , Hillman Charles H. , Jakicic John M. , Kang Chaeryon , Kramer Arthur F. , McAuley Edward , Wan Lu , Thomas Tera , White Sydney S. , Erickson Kirk I. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AE) in older adults participating in a yearlong exercise intervention, investigate potential dose–response relationships between exercise duration and AE frequency, and identify demographic factors associated with AE risk.

Methods
A total of 648 older adults were randomized into one of three exercise groups: low-intensity stretching and toning (S&T), 150 min of aerobic exercise per week (150Ex), or 225 min of aerobic exercise per week (225Ex). Adverse events were tracked during the intervention, with event rates calculated based on participant adherence and time in the study. Generalized linear models were employed to compare AE incidence across groups. Post hoc comparisons were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for AE between groups, adjusting for multiple comparisons.

Results
Overall, 306 AEs were reported, with 44% related to the intervention. No significant dose–response relationship was observed for all-cause AE between groups. However, intervention-related AEs were more frequent in the aerobic exercise groups. Participants in the 150Ex group had a 77% higher rate of intervention-related AE than the S&T group, and the 225Ex group had an 88% higher rate than the S&T group. Higher adherence was associated with fewer all-cause AE, and greater comorbid burden was associated with more AE.

Conclusions
Although aerobic exercise increased the risk of intervention-related AE, the overall risk of all-cause AE was not found to be different across exercise intensities. Higher adherence to the exercise regimen was associated with fewer AE. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise is generally safe in older adults, with the benefits outweighing the risks.
Proton or photon? Comparison of survival and toxicity of two radiotherapy modalities among pediatric brain cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kiss-Miki Renáta , Obeidat Mahmoud , Máté Vanda , Teutsch Brigitta , Agócs Gergely , Kiss-Dala Szilvia , Hegyi Péter , Kovács Janka , Párniczky Andrea , Tuboly Eszter , Garami Miklós 
Published: February 2025

Background
With the introduction of new therapy modalities and the resulting increase in survival rates, childhood brain cancers have become a focal point of research in pediatric oncology. In current protocols, besides surgical resection and chemotherapy, radiotherapy is required to ensure optimal survival. Our aim was to determine which of the two major irradiation options, proton (PT) or photon (XRT), was the least harmful yet effective for children with brain tumors.

Methods
The protocol was registered on PROSPERO in advance (CRD42022374443). A systematic search was performed in four databases (MEDLINE via (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) on 23 April 2024. Odd ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Survival and six major types of side effects were assessed based on data in the articles and reported using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins and Thompson’s I2 statistics.

Results
Altogether, 5848 articles were screened, of which 33 were eligible for data extraction. The 5-year overall survival results showed statistically no significant difference between the two radiotherapy modalities (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.51–1.23, p = 0.22, I2 = 0%). In terms of toxicity rates, an advantage was found for PT, particularly in terms of chronic endocrine side effects (hypothyroidism OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0428, p = 0.002, I2 = 68%), neurocognitive decline (global IQ level MD: 13.06, 95% CI: 4.97–21.15, p = 0.009, I2 = 68%). As for hematological, acute side effects, neurological changes and ophthalmologic disorders PT can be beneficial for survivors in terms of reducing them.

Conclusions
In comparison with XRT, PT can reduce most side effects, without significantly decreasing the survival rate. There is considerable clinical relevance in the findings, even not all of them are statistically significant, which may facilitate the development of protocols regarding the usage of radiotherapy methods, and may encourage the establishment of more proton centers, where more studies can be done.
Using one-dimensional thinned antenna arrays to form a two-dimensional MIMO antenna array
Authors: Stepanov Maksim , Artyushenko Vadim , Sokolov Vadim , Podkopayev Artemy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The issue of synthesizing a two-dimensional thinned virtual aperture multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) antenna array based on one-dimensional thinned linear antenna arrays is considered. The receiving and transmitting elements of the MIMO antenna array are located on two orthogonal lines. They are corresponding to a linear antenna array of appropriate length. These linear antenna arrays are thinned out by a genetic algorithm. To form a thinned virtual aperture of a MIMO antenna array, the location of its receiving and transmitting elements corresponds to the location of the elements of the thinned antenna arrays. It is shown that the directivity multiplier of the thinned virtual aperture of a MIMO antenna array has lower side lobes than the full aperture. The dependence of the level of the maximum side lobe on the thinning coefficient of the virtual aperture of the MIMO antenna array is given.
The crystal structure of benzyl 2,2,5,5-tetramethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylate, C15H21NO2S
Authors: Shao Lingli , Cai Shuping , Li Zhiming , Feng Yutao , Chen Mengting , Xu Kaining , Liu Zhenxiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
C15H21NO2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 62), a = 12.0769(6) Å, b = 6.1507(3) Å, c = 20.4335(11) Å, β = 90.710(2)°, V = 1517.71(13) Å3, Z = 4, T = 170 K, R
gt(F) = 0.0341, wR(F
2) = 0.0376.
Fermi motion in nucleons and the generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation
Authors: Kholmetskii Alexander , Missevitch Oleg , Yarman Tolga 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In a series of our papers (e.g., A.L. Kholmetskii, et al. Ann. Phys. 392, 49 (2018)) we proposed to redefine the momentum operator for an electrically charged quantum particle in an electromagnetic (EM) field through the sum of its mechanical momentum (
P

M
) and the interactional electromagnetic momentum (
P

EM
), instead of the standard definition of this operator, associated with the canonical momentum of the particle. In the present contribution, we represent our three-step way to the new momentum operator and focus on one of its principal implications, named the “generalized Heisenberg uncertainty relation”, where, in comparison to its standard form, the mechanical momentum of a charged particle
P

M
is replaced by the sum of
P

M
and
P

EM
. We then apply the generalized uncertainty relation to the analysis of the Fermi motion of quarks in the proton and neutron and show that a quark with a unique charge (i.e., the d-antiquark in the proton and the u-antiquark in the neutron) should have a more narrow momentum distribution compared to the wider momentum distribution of the remaining quarks (the two u-quarks in the proton and the two d-quarks in the neutron) in their Fermi motion. The agreement of these results with the available experimental data does not touch the validity of the results of calculation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) regarding the description of the proton and neutron, but rather enriches their physical interpretation.