bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of climate change on species distribution patterns of Polyspora sweet in China
Authors: Fan Zhi‐Feng , Zhou Bing‐Jiang , Ma Chang‐Le , Gao Can , Han Dan‐Ni , Chai Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change is an important driver of species distribution and biodiversity. Understanding the response of plants to climate change is helpful to understand species differentiation and formulate conservation strategies. The genus Polyspora (Theaceae) has an ancient origin and is widely distributed in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests. Studies on the impacts of climate change on species geographical distribution of Chinese Polyspora can provide an important reference for exploring the responses of plant groups in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests with geological events and climate change in China. Based on the environmental variables, distribution records, and chloroplast genomes, we modeled the potential distribution of Chinese Polyspora in the Last Glacial Maximum, middle Holocene, current, and future by using MaxEnt‐ArcGIS model and molecular phylogenetic method. The changes in the species distribution area, centroid shift, and ecological niche in each periods were analyzed to speculate the response modes of Chinese Polyspora to climate change in different periods. The most important environmental factor affecting the distribution of Polyspora was the precipitation of the driest month, ranging from 13 to 25 mm for the highly suitable habitats. At present, highly suitable distribution areas of Polyspora were mainly located in the south of 25°N, and had species‐specificity. The main glacial refugia of the Chinese Polyspora might be located in the Ailao, Gaoligong, and Dawei Mountains of Yunnan Province. Jinping County, Pingbian County, and the Maguan County at the border of China and Vietnam might be the species differentiation center of the Chinese Polyspora. Moderate climate warming in the future would be beneficial to the survival of P. axillaris, P. chrysandra, and P. speciosa. However, climate warming under different shared socio‐economic pathways would reduce the suitable habitats of P. hainanensis and P. longicarpa.
Differentiation of claustrum resting‐state functional connectivity in healthy aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ayyildiz Sevilay , Velioglu Halil Aziz , Ayyildiz Behcet , Sutcubasi Bernis , Hanoglu Lutfu , Bayraktaroglu Zubeyir , Yildirim Suleyman , Atasever Alper , Yulug Burak 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe claustrum is a sheet‐like of telencephalic gray matter structure whose function is poorly understood. The claustrum is considered a multimodal computing network due to its reciprocal connections with almost all cortical areas as well as subcortical structures. Although the claustrum has been involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, specific changes in connections of the claustrum remain unclear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Resting‐state fMRI and T1‐weighted structural 3D images from healthy elderly (n = 15), AD (n = 16), and PD (n = 12) subjects were analyzed. Seed‐based FC analysis was performed using CONN FC toolbox and T1‐weighted images were analyzed with the Computational Anatomy Toolbox for voxel‐based morphometry analysis. While we observed a decreased FC between the left claustrum and sensorimotor cortex, auditory association cortex, and cortical regions associated with social cognition in PD compared with the healthy control group (HC), no significant difference was found in alterations in the FC of both claustrum comparing the HC and AD groups. In the AD group, high FC of claustrum with regions of sensorimotor cortex and cortical regions related to cognitive control, including cingulate gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and insular cortex were demonstrated. In addition, the structural results show significantly decreased volume in bilateral claustrum in AD and PD compared with HC. There were no significant differences in the claustrum volumes between PD and AD groups so the FC may offer more precise findings in distinguishing changes for claustrum in AD and PD.
Gender diversity advantage at middle management: Implications for high performance work system improvement and organizational performance
Authors: Joo Min‐Kyu , Lee Jeong‐Yeon , Kong Dejun Tony , Jolly Phillip M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch on women in leadership positions has largely focused on the board or top management team (TMT) leadership level, showing that increased female representation at these levels can benefit organizational performance. However, the strategic implications of female representation at middle management have been largely neglected. The current study addresses this issue in relation to High Performance Work System (HPWS) improvement and organizational performance (profitability). By analyzing the multi‐wave (2009, 2011, and 2013) Workplace Panel Survey (WPS) data collected from 1101 organizations in South Korea, we found a gender diversity advantage at middle management; that is, a higher level of gender diversity of middle management translated into a higher level of organizational performance due to HPWS improvement. However, this advantage appeared only in the presence of a high level of subordinates' gender diversity. Our findings have important implications for gender diversity and strategic human resource management.
Quantifying connectivity and its effects on sediment budgeting for an agricultural basin, Chesapeake Bay Watershed, United States
Authors: Clifton Zachary J. , Cashman Matthew J. , Gellis Allen C. , Katoski Michelle P. , Nibert Lucas A. , Noe Gregory B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExcessive sediment runoff as a result of anthropogenic activities is a major concern for watershed ecologic health. This study sought to determine the sources, storage, and delivery of sediment using a sediment budget approach for the predominantly pasture and forested Smith Creek watershed, Virginia United States, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Utilizing a novel combination of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model and an index of connectivity along with field surveys of channels, this study indicated that streambanks and pastures were major sources of sediment. Overestimation of fine‐grained sediment flux exported from the watershed according to this study's models (3811 Mg/year) compared to export measured at the outlet (2918 Mg/year) most likely indicates underestimation of storage in the watershed from unaccounted for geomorphic features (ponds, toe slopes, and colluvial slopes). Sediment budget results indicating that streambanks are a major source of sediment in the watershed support previous sediment fingerprinting results and provide a framework for managers to address the sediment problem in Smith Creek and similar tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay.
Mothers with borderline personality disorders' experiences of mother–infant dialectical behavior therapy
Authors: Francis Jaimee L. , Sawyer Alyssa , Roberts Rachel , Yelland Chris , Drioli‐Phillips Phoebe , Sved Williams Anne E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is increasingly diagnosed in perinatal and infant settings, and research suggests that as well as an escalation of BPD symptoms in this period, these symptoms may also be detrimental to infant development. Providing tailored treatments during the postnatal period may help women and prevent an intergenerational cycle of emotional and interpersonal symptoms in infants. Mother–infant dialectical behavior therapy (MI‐DBT) has produced promising, yet inconsistent, improvements on quantitative scales of maternal mental health and the mother–infant relationship. The qualitative evaluation may provide complementary information.Aims: This study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of women who had completed MI‐DBT.Material and Methods: Thematic analysis of semistructured interviews conducted on 13 women undertaking MI‐DBT before, post, and 12 months after MI‐DBT were analyzed for themes.Results: Five major themes were identified. Overall, the women expressed that their emotional literacy and regulation improved after MI‐DBT, subsequently addressing key risks and challenges such as uncertainty around their child's cues, and low self‐esteem, and potentially improving the women's mentalization capability.Discussion and Conclusions: This study consolidates previous research on maternal BPD, and provides qualitative evidence of the benefits of MI‐DBT for mothers as both individuals and as parents with likely flow‐on effects for infants. Lived experience input for future adaptations was a valuable gain.
Diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for sarcopenia diagnosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Hongbo , Wang Lei , Zhang Wenyi , Lu Jing , Yang Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMuscle ultrasound is an emerging tool for diagnosing sarcopenia. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. We collected data from Ovid Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Diagnostic test accuracy studies using muscle ultrasound to detect sarcopenia were included. Bivariate random‐effects models based on sensitivity and specificity pairs were used to calculate the pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curves (AUCs) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), if possible. We screened 7332 publications and included 17 studies with 2143 participants (mean age range: 52.6–82.8 years). All included studies had a high risk of bias. The study populations, reference standards and ultrasound measurement methods varied across the studies. Lower extremity muscles were commonly studied, whereas muscle thickness (MT) was the most widely measured parameter, followed by the cross‐sectional area (CSA). The MTs of the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus, rectus abdominis and geniohyoid muscles showed a moderate diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia (SROC‐AUC 0.83, 8 studies; SROC‐AUC 0.78, 5 studies; AUC 0.82, 1 study; AUC 0.76–0.78, 2 studies; AUC 0.76, 1 study; and AUC 0.79, 1 study, respectively), whereas the MTs of vastus intermedius, quadriceps femoris and transversus abdominis muscles showed a low diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.67–0.71, 3 studies; SROC‐AUC 0.64, 4 studies; and AUC 0.68, 1 study, respectively). The CSA of rectus femoris, biceps brachii muscles and gastrocnemius fascicle length also showed a moderate diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.70–0.90, 3 studies; 0.81, 1 study; and 0.78–0.80, 1 study, respectively), whereas the echo intensity (EI) of rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, quadriceps femoris and biceps brachii muscles showed a low diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.52–0.67, 2 studies; 0.48–0.50, 1 study; 0.43–0.49, 1 study; and 0.69, 1 study, respectively). The combination of CSA and EI of biceps brachii or rectus femoris muscles was better than either CSA or EI alone for diagnosing sarcopenia. Muscle ultrasound shows a low‐to‐moderate diagnostic test accuracy for sarcopenia diagnosis depending on different ultrasound parameters, measured muscles, reference standards and study populations. The combination of muscle quality indicators (e.g., EI) and muscle quantity indicators (e.g., MT) might provide better diagnostic test accuracy.
The crosstalk between gut barrier impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and microbiota alterations in people living with HIV
Authors: Santinelli Letizia , Rossi Giacomo , Gioacchini Giorgia , Verin Ranieri , Maddaloni Luca , Cavallari Eugenio N. , Lombardi Francesca , Piccirilli Alessandra , Fiorucci Stefano , Carino Adriana , Marchianò Silvia , Lofaro Chiara M. , Caiazzo Sara , Ciccozzi Massimo , Scagnolari Carolina , Mastroianni Claudio M. , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , d'Ettorre Gabriella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFunctional and structural damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier significantly contribute to translocation of gut microbial products into the bloodstream and are largely involved in HIV‐1 associated chronic immune activation. This microbial translocation is largely due to a progressive exhaustion of intestinal macrophage phagocytic function, which leads to extracellular accumulation of microbial derived components and results in HIV‐1 disease progression. This study aims to better understand whether the modulation of gut microbiota promotes an intestinal immune restoration in people living with HIV (PLWH). Long‐term virologically suppressed PLWH underwent blood, colonic, and fecal sampling before (T0) and after 6 months (T6) of oral bacteriotherapy. Age‐ and gender‐matched uninfected controls (UC) were also included. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to all participants' fecal microbiota. Apoptosis machinery, mitochondria, and apical junctional complex (AJC) morphology and physiological functions were analyzed in gut biopsies. At T0, PLWH showed a different pattern of gut microbial flora composition, lower levels of occludin (p = 0.002) and zonulin (p = 0.01), higher claudin‐2 levels (p = 0.002), a reduction of mitochondria number (p = 0.002), and diameter (p = 0.002), as well as increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p = 0.018) and cCK18 (p = 0.011), compared to UC. At T6, an increase in size (p = 0.005) and number (p = 0.008) of mitochondria, as well as amelioration in AJC structures (p < 0.0001) were observed. Restoration of bacterial richness (Simpson index) and biodiversity (Shannon index) was observed in all PLWH receiving oral bacteriotherapy (p < 0.05). Increased mitochondria size (p = 0.005) and number (p = 0.008) and amelioration of AJC structure (p < 0.0001) were found at T6 compared to T0. Moreover, increased occludin and zonulin concentration were observed in PLWH intestinal tracts and decreased levels of claudin‐2, LPS, and cCK18 were found after oral bacteriotherapy (T0 vs. T6, p < 0.05 for all these measures). Oral bacteriotherapy supplementation might restore the balance of intestinal flora and support the structural and functional recovery of the gut mucosa in antiretroviral therapy treated PLWH.
Centralized contrastive loss with weakly supervised progressive feature extraction for fine‐grained common thorax disease retrieval in chest x‐ray
Authors: Chen Fang , You Lei , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical images have already become an essential tool for the diagnosis of many diseases. Thus a large number of medical images are being generated due to the daily routine inspection. An efficient image‐based disease retrieval system will not only make full use of existing data, but also help physicians to prognosis the diseases. Medical image retrieval is represented by the classification and localization of common thorax diseases in x‐ray images. Although extensive efforts have been put into this field, there are still many challenges.PurposeMost of the existing fine‐grained image research methods just apply existing deep learning frameworks in extracting the image features. However, these high‐level features mainly focus on the global representations of the object, rather than simultaneously considering the local ones. It requires fine‐grained details to classify the images with similar lesion areas. Thus, it is necessary to combine the global features and local ones to make the features more discriminative. On the other hand, training CNN models based on current existing strategies have a high time complexity, and is hard to get the discriminative features mentioned above. In addition, the visual retrieval method of fine‐grained medical images still has the problem of insufficient sample data with accurate annotation information.MethodsTo address above challenges, we introduced a novel fine‐grained medical images retrieval method. First, a centralized contrastive loss (CCLoss) is proposed as our metric learning loss function. Parameters are updated by using the center point, which not only improves the distinguishing performance of features, but also effectively reduces the time complexity of the algorithm. In addition, a weakly supervised progressive feature extraction method is proposed to gradually extract the combined features. And the attention mechanism module is applied to screen the target information after the initial positioning for fine refinement, so as to separate the features with a high degree of discrimination. The retrieval of 14 different chest diseases is evaluated on the chest x‐ray datasets.ResultsCompared with the existing research methods, the proposed method shows a better retrieval result for Recall@8 by 2.26 and achieves a very efficient training speed which is 100 times faster than the pair‐wise loss‐based training strategy. We also assessed the effects of Recall@k (k= 2, 4, 6, 8) for progressive features extracted from different steps to obtain a model with the best retrieval performance.ConclusionsThe proposed model is capable of learning discriminative representations from chest x‐ray datasets, and it achieves better performance compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Therefore, the developed model would be useful in the diagnosis of common thorax disease or unknown chest disease.
DiFiR‐CT: Distance field representation to resolve motion artifacts in computed tomography
Authors: Gupta Kunal , Colvert Brendan , Chen Zhennong , Contijoch Francisco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMotion during data acquisition leads to artifacts in computed tomography (CT) reconstructions. In cases such as cardiac imaging, not only is motion unavoidable, but evaluating the motion of the object is of clinical interest. Reducing motion artifacts has typically been achieved by developing systems with faster gantry rotation or via algorithms which measure and/or estimate the displacement. However, these approaches have had limited success due to both physical constraints as well as the challenge of estimating non‐rigid, temporally varying, and patient‐specific motion fields.PurposeTo develop a novel reconstruction method which generates time‐resolved, artifact‐free images without estimation or explicit modeling of the motion.MethodsWe describe an analysis‐by‐synthesis approach which progressively regresses a solution consistent with the acquired sinogram. In our method, we focus on the movement of object boundaries. Not only are the boundaries the source of image artifacts, but object boundaries can simultaneously be used to represent both the object as well as its motion over time without the need for an explicit motion model. We represent the object boundaries via a signed distance function (SDF) which can be efficiently modeled using neural networks. As a result, optimization can be performed under spatial and temporal smoothness constraints without the need for explicit motion estimation.ResultsWe illustrate the utility of DiFiR‐CT in three imaging scenarios with increasing motion complexity: translation of a small circle, heart‐like change in an ellipse's diameter, and a complex topological deformation. Compared to filtered backprojection, DiFiR‐CT provides high quality image reconstruction for all three motions without hyperparameter tuning or change to the architecture. We also evaluate DiFiR‐CT's robustness to noise in the acquired sinogram and found its reconstruction to be accurate across a wide range of noise levels. Lastly, we demonstrate how the approach could be used for multi‐intensity scenes and illustrate the importance of the initial segmentation providing a realistic initialization. Code and supplemental movies are available athttps://kunalmgupta.github.io/projects/DiFiR‐CT.html.ConclusionsProjection data can be used to accurately estimate a temporally‐evolving scene without the need for explicit motion estimation using a neural implicit representation and analysis‐by‐synthesis approach.
Generation mechanism and control of high‐frequency vibration for tracked vehicles
Authors: Wang Pingxin , Rui Xiaoting , Liu Feifei , Wang Guoping , Yu Hailong , He Bin , Gu Junjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA crawler system provides much larger ground contact, leading to excellent terrain adaptability. Due to its structural characteristics, high‐frequency vibration proportional to the vehicle speed is generated during the driving process. This is a result of the polygon and rolling effects between the track and the wheels. A field test of a tracked vehicle is performed to monitor movement signals of the chassis and a rocker arm. Their corresponding power spectral density distributions confirm the correctness of the frequency‐calculation equation. Then, a novel elastic track tensioning device with a damper is designed as a cushion between the idler and the chassis. Depending on its geometry, the equivalent damping coefficient for a dynamic model is evaluated. Subsequently, the damping is altered in response to different operating conditions by a hybrid damping fuzzy semiactive control system. The controller accounts for both chassis and track vibration. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody systems, a dynamical model of the track system is developed. Control performances are evaluated using two numerical simulations of obstacle crossing and off‐road driving operations. Results indicate that the proposed semiactive tensioner is substantially better than the conventional one. This paper provides a novel feasible scheme for vibration reduction of tracked vehicles.
Layer‐by‐layer preparation of electromagnetic NH2‐SiO2/polypyrrole/Ni nanocomposites, characterization and their electrochemical properties
Authors: Ali M Sagor , Rahman M Mahabur , Minami Hideto , Hossain M Kawsar , Rahman M Abdur , Gafur M Abdul , Ahmad Hasan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCombinations of organic conducting polymers and inorganic electromagnetic materials have drawn much attention in various fields like energy storage materials, biosensors, biomedical applications, catalysis and removal of heavy metals from water. In this investigation an attempt is made to decorate polypyrrole (PPy), a semiconducting electroactive polymer, with Ni nanoparticles on a functional silica (SiO2) support. First, amine‐functionalized mesoporous NH2‐SiO2 seed particles are prepared by the sol–gel method using hexamethylenediamine as a surface‐functionalizing agent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template. Second, NH2‐SiO2/PPy composite particles are prepared via in situ seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. The surface of the NH2‐SiO2/PPy composite particles is finally immobilized/doped with Ni nanoparticles via in situ chemical reduction of Ni(II) salt. The surface morphology, structure modification, size distribution and magnetic properties of the prepared NH2‐SiO2/PPy/Ni nanocomposite particles are confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques, electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry. The NH2‐SiO2/PPy/Ni nanocomposite particles possess good paramagnetic properties. A comparative study of electrochemical properties revealed improvement in specific capacitance of NH2‐SiO2/PPy composite compared to PPy but further decoration with Ni nanoparticles under alkaline condition reduces the capacitance value. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.