bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From inside to outside: CT scanning as a tool to link internal knot structure and external branch diameter as a prerequisite for quality assessment
Authors: Longo Bruna L. , Brüchert Franka , Becker Gero , Sauter Udo H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBranches are as essential for tree growth as knots are detrimental from the wood quality point of view. To bridge the gap between tree growth and the quality toward end-use, this study aims to establish a relationship between internal and external diameters of Douglas-fir whorl branches. The data comprised 102 trees of a wide age range (30–80 years old) from nine study sites in Southwest Germany. External branch measurements were performed in the field following an established protocol. Logs were scanned on a MiCROTEC CT.LOG, and knots were detected by applying an automated algorithm. Obvious detection artefacts by the CT algorithm were excluded to reveal the relationship between inner-outer branch diameters as clear as possible. Results showed a significant mean difference of 13.8 (± 10.0) mm between the methods (external diameter being larger), with a model indicating an offset of 9.75 mm and angular shift of 0.53 (RMSE = 7.12 mm;R2 = 0.57) between the methods. Separate calculations of sound and dead datasets did not reveal a statistically significant difference. By linking the internal knot structure to external branch measurements, the findings of this study constitute a first step toward the incorporation of CT data into growth models, providing a meaningful prediction of the maximum internal knot diameter at an early stage in the wood supply chain.
Klang der Depression
Authors: Shugaley Alisa , Altmann Uwe , Brümmel Maria , Meier Julija , Strauß Bernhard , Schönherr Désirée 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Depression ist neben kognitiven, emotionalen, sozialen und psychomotorischen Beeinträchtigungen durch spezifische stimmliche Merkmale gekennzeichnet. Bisher existieren erst wenige Studien, die diese in klinischen Kontexten und in Abgrenzung zu Gesunden untersuchten.FragestellungUntersucht wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Depressivität und paraverbalen Merkmalen bei depressiven Patient_innen und gesunden Probanden.MethodeIn einem mehrschrittigen Verfahren wurden die Audioinhalte von Anamneseinterviews mit Depressiven (n = 15) und Gesunden (n = 15) mit einer Software annotiert und transkribiert. Die paraverbalen Merkmale Grundfrequenz der Stimme, Spannweite der Stimme, Sprechgeschwindigkeit und Pausenlänge wurden automatisiert bestimmt. Mithilfe hierarchisch linearer Modelle wurde der Einfluss der Gruppenzugehörigkeit, Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit sowie psychischer und körperlicher Gesundheit auf die paraverbalen Merkmale analysiert.ErgebnisseEs zeigte sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen Depressivität und der Sprechgeschwindigkeit. Zwischen der Spannweite der Grundfrequenz, der Pausenlänge und Depressivität konnten tendenzielle Zusammenhänge gefunden werden. Depressive Patient_innen sind im Vergleich zu Gesunden durch eine monotone Sprache, eine geringe Sprechgeschwindigkeit und längere Pausen gekennzeichnet. Sprechgeschwindigkeit und Pausenlänge waren ebenfalls mit Ängstlichkeit assoziiert.DiskussionSprechgeschwindigkeit, Pausenlänge und Spannweite der Grundfrequenz scheinen relevante Indikatoren für Depressivität/ggf. Ängstlichkeit zu sein. Die Spannweite der Grundfrequenz ist eher depressionsspezifisch, während Pausenlänge und Sprechgeschwindigkeit mit Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit assoziiert sind. Zukünftige Studien sollten die Zusammenhänge in größeren Stichproben verschiedener klinischer Störungsbilder untersuchen.
Coupled climate response to Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in a multi-model multi-resolution ensemble
Authors: Hodson Daniel L. R. , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Cassou Christophe , Davini Paolo , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Lohmann Katja , Lopez-Parages Jorge , Martín-Rey Marta , Moine Marie-Pierre , Monerie Paul-Arthur , Putrasahan Dian A. , Roberts Christopher D. , Robson Jon , Ruprich-Robert Yohan , Sanchez-Gomez Emilia , Seddon Jon , Senan Retish 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNorth Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) underwent pronounced multidecadal variability during the twentieth and early twenty-first century. We examine the impacts of this Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), also referred to as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), on climate in an ensemble of five coupled climate models at both low and high spatial resolution. We use a SST nudging scheme specified by the Coupled Model Intercomparision Project’s Decadal Climate Prediction Project Component C (CMIP6 DCPP-C) to impose a persistent positive/negative phase of the AMV in the North Atlantic in coupled model simulations; SSTs are free to evolve outside this region. The large-scale seasonal mean response to the positive AMV involves widespread warming over Eurasia and the Americas, with a pattern of cooling over the Pacific Ocean similar to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), together with a northward displacement of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The accompanying changes in global atmospheric circulation lead to widespread changes in precipitation. We use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to demonstrate that this large-scale climate response is accompanied by significant differences between models in how they respond to the common AMV forcing, particularly in the tropics. These differences may arise from variations in North Atlantic air-sea heat fluxes between models despite a common North Atlantic SST forcing pattern. We cannot detect a widespread effect of increased model horizontal resolution in this climate response, with the exception of the ITCZ, which shifts further northwards in the positive phase of the AMV in the higher resolution configurations.
Long-term follow-up for monovision surgery by Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation for myopia correction in early presbyopia
Authors: Ye Yuhao , Zhao Jing , Zhang Zhe , Niu Lingling , Shi Wanru , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of monovision surgery using implantable collamer lens V4c (ICL V4c) implantation in myopic patients with early presbyopia.

Setting
Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Design
Prospective case series study.

Methods
This study included 64 eyes of 32 patients with early presbyopia, who underwent bilateral ICL V4c implantation for myopia correction. Parameters, including mean spherical equivalent (SE), uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density, presbyopic add power, visual acuity (logMAR) of dominant eyes (D-eye), nondominant (nD-eye) eyes, and both eyes (Bi) at 0.4 m, 0.8 m, and 5 m were recorded at the last follow-up.

Results
All surgeries were uneventful. At the last follow-up, the safety indices were 1.23 ± 0.18 (D-eyes) and 1.21 ± 0.18 (nD-eyes) (p > 0.05); the efficacy indices were 0.95 ± 0.27 (D-eyes) and 0.92 ± 0.28 (nD-eyes) (p < 0.05), the SE was -0.62 ± 0.47 D (D-eyes); and − 1.21 ± 0.78D (nD-eyes) (p < 0.05), presbyopic add power was 1.31 ± 0.58 D. The visual acuity (logMAR) of D-eyes, nD-eyes, and binocular (Bi) at 5.0 m were: 0.06 ± 0.15 (D-eye), 0.21 ± 0.18 (nD-eye), (p < 0.01), and 0.04 ± 0.13 (Bi); 0.8 m: 0.03 ± 0.18 (D-eye), 0.08 ± 0.16 (nD-eye), (p > 0.05), and − 0.02 ± 0.11 (Bi); 0.4 m: 0.08 ± 0.09 (D-eye), − 0.02 ± 0.08 (nD-eye), (p < 0.001), and − 0.03 ± 0.09 (Bi). Subjects were very satisfied or felt excellent with their visual acuity at near (81.25%) and far distances (87.50%), respectively (versus preoperative, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Monovision surgery using ICL V4c implantation is safe and practicable for correction of myopes with presbyopia, with long-term efficacy at near and far distances and patient satisfaction.
Replacing vertical actions by mouse movements: a web-suited paradigm for investigating vertical spatial associations
Authors: Schütt Emanuel , Mackenzie Ian Grant , Kaup Barbara , Dudschig Carolin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe number of web-based studies in experimental psychology has been growing tremendously throughout the last few years. However, a straightforward web-based implementation does not exist for all types of experimental paradigms. In the current paper, we focus on how vertical response movements—which play a crucial role in spatial cognition and language research—can be translated into a web-based setup. Specifically, we introduce a web-suited counterpart of the vertical Stroop task (e.g., Fox & Shor, in Bull Psychon Soc 7:187–189, 1976; Lachmair et al., in Psychon Bull Rev 18:1180–1188, 2011; Thornton et al., in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 39:964–973, 2013). We employed nouns referring to entities typically located in lower or upper vertical space (e.g., “worm” and “bird”, respectively) in Experiments 1 and 2, and emotional valence words associated with a crouched or an upward bodily posture (e.g., “sadness” and “excitement”, respectively) in Experiment 3. Depending on the font color, our participants used their mouse to drag the words to the lower or upper screen location. Across all experiments, we consistently observed congruency effects analogous to those obtained with the lab paradigm using actual vertical arm movements. Consequently, we conclude that our web-suited paradigm establishes a reliable approach to examining vertical spatial associations.
Molecular assessment of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi prevalence in horses and ticks on horses in southeastern France
Authors: Rocafort-Ferrer Gloria , Leblond Agnès , Joulié Aurélien , René-Martellet Magalie , Sandoz Alain , Poux Valérie , Pradier Sophie , Barry Séverine , Vial Laurence , Legrand Loïc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi that is potentially emerging in non-endemic countries. We conducted a descriptive study to investigate EP prevalence and spatial distribution in an endemic region: the Camargue and the Plain of La Crau in France. In spring 2015 and 2016, we carried out sampling at stables (total n = 46) with a history of horses presenting chronic fever or weight loss. Overall, we collected blood from 632 horses, which were also inspected for ticks; these horses had been housed in the target stables for at least 1 year. We obtained 585 ticks from these horses and described land use around the stables. Real-time PCR was employed to assess T. equi and B. caballi prevalence in the horses and in the ticks found on the horses. For the horses, T. equi and B. caballi prevalence was 68.6% and 6.3%, respectively. For the ticks found on the horses, prevalence was 28.8% for T. equi and 0.85% for B. caballi. The most common tick species were, in order of frequency, Rhipicephalus bursa, R. sanguineus sl., Hyalomma marginatum, Haemaphysalis punctata, and Dermacentor sp. Horses bearing Rhipicephalus ticks occurred in wetter zones, closer to agricultural areas, permanent crops, and ditches, as well as in drier zones, in the more northern countryside. Compared to horses bearing R. bursa, horses bearing R. sanguineus sl. more frequently occurred near the Rhone River. Prevalence of T. equi in the ticks was as follows: Hyalomma marginatum (43%), Dermacentor sp. (40%), R. bursa (33%), R. sanguineus sl. (19%), and Haemaphysalis punctata (17%). In contrast, B. caballi only occurred in Dermacentor sp. (20%) and R. bursa (1%).
Anti-tubulin-alpha-1c antibody as a marker of value in Behçet syndrome
Authors: Amin Mariam Maged , Abdel Latif Osama M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBehçet’s syndrome (BS) is a multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ocular lesions, and other systemic manifestations. As there is no laboratory diagnostics of BS, the diagnosis is mainly clinical.ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of the autoantibody against tubulin-α-1c in diagnosis of BS and its clinical significance.MethodsSixty BS patients and sixty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We assessed all patients by Behçet disease current activity form (BDCAF), routine laboratory investigations, and immunological markers (ANA, anti-DNA, ANCA). Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) and anti-tubulin-alpha-1c antibodies were performed for all participants.ResultsRegarding duration of illness, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and BDCAF, the mean value was 4.77 ± 4.239, 19.80 ± 10.020, and 9.52 ± 5.476, respectively. On comparing laboratory investigations, there was only significant increase in anti-tubulin-alpha-1c antibody in BS patients compared to healthy controls. Regarding AECA, there was no any significant correlation except with CRP. Anti-tubulin-alpha-1c detected significant direct correlation with the presence of posterior uveitis, panuveitis, and venous thrombosis as well as BVAS, C4, and protein/creatinine ratio. Regarding diagnostic performance of both AECA and anti-tubulin-alpha-1c, the cutoff value of AECA for diagnosis was 27.250, with sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 96.7%, respectively. The cutoff value of the anti-tubulin-alpha-1c for diagnosis was 22.300, with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 96.7% respectively.ConclusionAnti-tubulin-α-1c antibodies are of diagnostic value in BS and are indicative of activity with 100% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity.Key Points•There is lack of specific laboratory, radiological, or histological diagnostics for Behcet syndrome.•We aimed to evaluate the significance of tubulin-α-1c autoantibody in diagnosis of Behcet syndrome.•There is elevation of tubulin-α-1c autoantibody with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 96.7%, respectively.
Should administrative costs in health insurance be included in the risk-equalization? An analysis of five countries
Authors: Douven Rudy , Kauer Lukas , Demme Sylvia , Paolucci Francesco , van de Ven Wynand , Wasem Jürgen , Zhao Xiaoxi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost countries that apply risk-equalization in their health insurance market(s) perform risk-equalization on medical claims but do not include other components of the insurance premium, such as administrative costs. Using fixed effects panel regressions from individual insurers in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the US, we find evidence that health insurers with a high morbidity population on average have higher administrative costs. We argue that administrative costs should also be included in risk-equalization and we show that such equalization results in additional equalization payments nontrivial in size. Using examples from Germany and the US, we show how in practice policymakers can include administrative costs in risk-equalization. We are skeptical about applying risk-equalization to other components of the insurance premium, such as profits or costs related to solvency requirements of insurers.
Selecting Environmental Water Tracers to Understand Groundwater around Mines: Opportunities and Limitations
Authors: Kurukulasuriya Devmi , Howcroft William , Moon Ellen , Meredith Karina , Timms Wendy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderground mining operations have the potential to alter groundwater systems and facilitate hydraulic connections between surface water and groundwater. The nature and degree of these interactions need to be evaluated to identify mining risks to surrounding water resources and to predict potential operational effects and environmental impacts, such as hydraulic stress on local surface waters. Environmental water tracers (EWTs) are commonly used to study such interactions in mine water and hydrogeological studies. However, the opportunities presented by EWTs could be more widely utilised to benefit the mining industry and the environment. Some of the challenges faced include the lack of practical frameworks, the need for more examples of EWTs applications in mining, and the possibility of complex interpretation of tracer results. This paper reviews previous studies that have applied EWTs in groundwater systems within or near mine sites, mostly from Australia, China, and India. The EWTs used in these studies include water quality parameters, major ions, stable isotopes, radioisotopes, and dissolved gases. The opportunities of applying multiple EWTs to identify water sources, mixing, and determine recharge rates and groundwater residence times are discussed. Limitations of different EWTs in terms of their capabilities, reliability, cost of analysis, effort, and processing times are reviewed. Steps for selecting suitable EWTs for specific mine hydrogeology assessments should be commensurate with the risks. Finally, this paper provides an overview of suitable EWTs that will be a useful contribution to appropriate water resource management decisions around mines.
Order theory for discrete gradient methods
Authors: Eidnes Sølve 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe discrete gradient methods are integrators designed to preserve invariants of ordinary differential equations. From a formal series expansion of a subclass of these methods, we derive conditions for arbitrarily high order. We derive specific results for the average vector field discrete gradient, from which we get P-series methods in the general case, and B-series methods for canonical Hamiltonian systems. Higher order schemes are presented, and their applications are demonstrated on the Hénon–Heiles system and a Lotka–Volterra system, and on both the training and integration of a pendulum system learned from data by a neural network.
Probing Environmental Sustainability Through the Diversity-Pollution Nexus—a Global Perspective via PM2.5 and NO2
Authors: Amin Saqib , Khan Mujahid Ameen , Mehmood Waqas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of ethnic and religious diversity on air pollution for 187 countries around the world (categorized into high-income, middle-income and low-income countries) from 1990 to 2020. We determine the long-run relationship between the variables using panel-fixed effects and GMM models. Air pollution emission factors are spatially explicit into emissions of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the Alesina’s fragmentation index has been used to calculate ethnic and religious diversity. The results show that ethnic and religious diversity both have significant negative impacts on air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2). Furthermore, the results are more significant for high-income and middle-income countries and vice versa for low-income countries. This study suggests that diversity is a natural phenomenon; however, its disastrous effects may be curtailed by providing equal opportunities and promoting a peaceful society, as done in high-income countries, to ensure the well-being of the people through cohesiveness. Policymakers need to promote collective action and communication among different groups while acknowledging that investment for public benefits often requires broad social consensus and solidarity.
Genomic breeding values’ prediction including populational selfing rate in an open-pollinated Eucalyptus globulus breeding population
Authors: Quezada Marianella , Aguilar Ignacio , Balmelli Gustavo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn forest tree breeding programs, open-pollinated families are frequently used to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate genetic merit of individuals. However, the presence of selfing events not documented in the pedigree affects the estimation of these parameters. In this study, 194 open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. trees were used to compare the precision of estimated genetic parameters and accuracies of predicted breeding values with the conventional pedigree-based model (ABLUP) and the pedigree-genomic single-step model (ssGBLUP). The available genetic information for pairwise parent-offspring allows us to estimate an actual populational selfing rate of 5.4%. For all the growth and disease resistance traits evaluated, the inclusion of selfing rate was effective in reducing the upward bias, between 7 and 30%, in heritability estimates. The predictive abilities for ssGBLUP models were always higher than those for ABLUP models. In both cases, a considerable reduction of predictive abilities was observed when relatedness between training and validation populations was removed. We proposed a straightforward approach for the estimation of the actual selfing rate in a breeding population. The incorporation of this parameter allows for more reliable estimation of genetic parameters. Furthermore, our results proved that ssGBLUP was effective for the accurate estimation of genetic parameters and to improve the prediction of breeding values in presence of selfing events, thus a valuable tool for genomic evaluations in Eucalyptus breeding programs.
A systematic comparison of generative models for medical images
Authors: Uzunova Hristina , Wilms Matthias , Forkert Nils D. , Handels Heinz , Ehrhardt Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This work aims for a systematic comparison of popular shape and appearance models. Here, two statistical and four deep-learning-based shape and appearance models are compared and evaluated in terms of their expressiveness described by their generalization ability and specificity as well as further properties like input data format, interpretability and latent space distribution and dimension.

Methods
Classical shape models and their locality-based extension are considered next to autoencoders, variational autoencoders, diffeomorphic autoencoders and generative adversarial networks. The approaches are evaluated in terms of generalization ability, specificity and likeness depending on the amount of training data. Furthermore, various latent space metrics are presented in order to capture further major characteristics of the models.

Results
The experimental setup showed that locality statistical shape models yield best results in terms of generalization ability for 2D and 3D shape modeling. However, the deep learning approaches show strongly improved specificity. In the case of simultaneous shape and appearance modeling, the neural networks are able to generate more realistic and diverse appearances. A major drawback of the deep-learning models is, however, their impaired interpretability and ambiguity of the latent space.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that for applications not requiring particularly good specificity, shape modeling can be reliably established with locality-based statistical shape models, especially when it comes to 3D shapes. However, deep learning approaches are more worthwhile in terms of appearance modeling.