bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschoolers prior formal mathematics education engage numerical magnitude representation rather than counting principles in symbolic ±1 arithmetic: Evidence from the operational momentum effect
Authors: Haman Maciej , Lipowska Katarzyna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn numerical cognition research, the operational momentum (OM) phenomenon (tendency to overestimate the results of addition and/or binding addition to the right side and underestimating subtraction and/or binding it to the left side) can help illuminate the most basic representations and processes of mental arithmetic and their development. This study is the first to demonstrate OM in symbolic arithmetic in preschoolers. It was modeled on Haman and Lipowska's (2021) non‐symbolic arithmetic task, using Arabic numerals instead of visual sets. Seventy‐seven children (4–7 years old) who know Arabic numerals and counting principles (CP), but without prior school math education, solved addition and subtraction problems presented as videos with one as the second operand. In principle, such problems may be difficult when involving a non‐symbolic approximate number processing system, whereas in symbolic format they can be solved based solely on the successor/predecessor functions and knowledge of numerical orders, without reference to representation of numerical magnitudes. Nevertheless, participants made systematic errors, in particular, overestimating results of addition in line with the typical OM tendency. Moreover, subtraction and addition induced longer response times when primed with left‐ and right‐directed movement, respectively, which corresponds to the reversed spatial form of OM. These results largely replicate those of non‐symbolic task and show that children at early stages of mastering symbolic arithmetic may rely on numerical magnitude processing and spatial‐numerical associations rather than newly‐mastered CP and the concept of an exact number.
Global patterns of illegal marine turtle exploitation
Authors: Senko Jesse F. , Burgher Kayla M. , del Mar Mancha‐Cisneros Maria , Godley Brendan J. , Kinan‐Kelly Irene , Fox Trevor , Humber Frances , Koch Volker , Smith Andrew T. , Wallace Bryan P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman exploitation of wildlife for food, medicine, curios, aphrodisiacs, and spiritual artifacts represents a mounting 21st‐century conservation challenge. Here, we provide the first global assessment of illegal marine turtle exploitation across multiple spatial scales (i.e., Regional Management Units [RMUs] and countries) by collating data from peer‐reviewed studies, grey literature, archived media reports, and online questionnaires of in‐country experts spanning the past three decades. Based on available information, we estimate that over 1.1 million marine turtles were exploited between 1990 and 2020 against existing laws prohibiting their use in 65 countries or territories and in 44 of the world's 58 marine turtle RMUs, with over 44,000 turtles exploited annually over the past decade. Exploitation across the 30‐year period primarily consisted of green (56%) and hawksbill (39%) turtles when identified by species, with hawksbills (67%) and greens (81%) comprising the majority of turtles exploited in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively, and both species accounting for similar levels of exploitation in the 2010s. Although there were no clear overarching trends in the magnitude or spatial patterns of exploitation across the three decades, there was a 28% decrease in reported exploitation from the 2000s to the 2010s. The 10 RMUs with the highest exploitation in the 2010s included seven green and three hawksbill turtle RMUs, with most reported exploitation occurring in RMUs that typically exhibit a low risk of population decline or loss of genetic diversity. Over the past decade, the number of RMUs with “moderate” or “high” exploitation impact scores decreased. Our assessment suggests that illegal exploitation appears to have declined over the past decade and, with some exceptions, is primarily occurring in large, stable, and genetically diverse marine turtle populations.
Advanced proof testing for structural ceramics
Authors: Jadaan Osama , Nemeth Noel , Baker Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProof testing is used to remove weak ceramic components from a manufactured batch in turn truncating the lower end of the strength‐failure probability distribution. With proof testing, components are subjected to stresses comparable to those observed during service load histories resulting in the remaining ones having assured minimum reliabilities. The degree to which the reliability of the remaining parts is assured depends on the proof test protocol, which includes multiple variables such as stress level, realistic sampling of flaws, complex geometries, multiaxial stresses, transient loading histories, time‐dependent damage due to slow crack growth and/or fatigue, and change in material behavior due to temperature and/or environmental conditions. This paper advances the early work done on proof test theory, which was limited to simple stress states, to include general stress and material states. The theory introduced in this paper takes into account practical conditions often encountered in industrial applications. This advanced proof test theory was coded into the CARES/Life code (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Life). Examples are provided to demonstrate the theory.
Choosing the best way for urinary decompression and developing a novel predictive model for septic shock using SOFA in these patients
Authors: Law Yu Xi Terence , Shen Liang , Khor Vincent Wei Sheng , Chen Weiren , Chen Wei Jing Kelven , Durai Pradeep , Gauhar Vineet , Lie Kwok Ying , Lee King Chien Joe 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo identify predictive factors for the development of sepsis/septic shock postdecompression of calculi‐related ureteric obstruction using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and to compare clinical outcomes and odd risk ratios of patients developing sepsis/septic shock following the insertion of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) versus insertion of retrograde ureteral stenting (RUS).MethodsClinico‐epidemiological data of patients who underwent PCN and/or RUS in two institutions for calculi‐related ureteric obstruction were retrospectively collected from January 2014 to December 2020.Results537 patients (244 patients in PCN group, 293 patients in RUS group) from both institutions were eligible for analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with PCN were generally older, had poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, and larger obstructive ureteral calculi compared to patients with RUS. Patients with PCN had longer durations of fever, the persistence of elevated total white cell and creatinine, and longer hospitalization stays compared with patients who had undergone RUS. RUS up‐front has more unsuccessful interventions compared with PCN. There were no significant differences in the change in SOFA score postintervention between the two interventions. In multivariate analysis, the higher temperature just prior to the intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.039, p = 0.003) and Cardiovascular SOFA score of 1 (adjusted OR:4.037, p = 0.012) were significant independent prognostic factors for the development of septic shock postdecompression of ureteral obstruction.ConclusionsOur study reveals that both interventions have similar overall risk of urosepsis, septic shock and mortality rate. Despite a marginally higher risk of failure, RUS should be considered in patients with lower procedural risk. Patients going for PCN should be counseled for a longer stay. Post‐HDU/‐ICU monitoring, inotrope support postdecompression should be considered for patients with elevated temperature within 1 h preintervention and cardiovascular SOFA score of 1.
Staff attitudes and perceptions towards the use of coercive measures in psychiatric patients
Authors: Galbert Ilya , Azab Abed N. , Kaplan Zeev , Nusbaum Lika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe failure of efforts to significantly reduce the use of physical coercive measures (PCMs) in psychiatric hospitals remains a global concern. There is a gap in the understanding of staff's characteristics that may affect their attitudes and perceptions towards PCMs. This study used a cross‐sectional design to examine the attitudes and perceptions of staff working at a mental health centre in Israel regarding the use of PCMs and to explore whether staff attitudes differed depending on their professional and demographic background. This study also sought to explore staff willingness to accept a policy of reducing the use of PCMs. The data were collected from 149 staff members (nurses, physicians, and auxiliary staff) working at mental health centre, using a questionnaire developed for this study. The findings indicate a low degree of support for use of PCMs among participants who were older, female, more qualified psychiatric nurses, with longer duration of employment, and those who have not participated in coercive intervention in the past year. The majority of the sample reported a low willingness to reduce the use of PCMs, and a lack of institutional support after participating in a coercive event. High hospital occupancy and insufficient staffing were perceived as contributing factors to coercive incidents. Therefore, availability of trained and experienced staff, elimination of organizational barriers, along with creating and maintaining a safe clinical environment should be a priority. Alternative non‐coercive interventions should further be taught and used for managing aggressive and violent behaviour in the psychiatric clinical settings.
Impact of respiratory viral infections on mortality and critical illness among hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mulpuru Sunita , Andrew Melissa K. , Ye Lingyun , Hatchette Todd , LeBlanc Jason , El‐Sherif May , MacKinnon‐Cameron Donna , Aaron Shawn D. , Alvarez Gonzalo G. , Forster Alan J. , Ambrose Ardith , McNeil Shelly A. ,   the Serious Outcomes Surveillance and Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Investigators
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal respiratory viral infections are associated with exacerbations and morbidity among patients with COPD. The real‐world clinical outcomes associated with seasonal viral infections are less well established among hospitalized patients.Research QuestionTo estimate the association between seasonal respiratory viral infections, 30‐day mortality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission among hospitalized COPD patients.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted an analysis of a national prospective multicenter cohort of COPD patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness during winter seasons (2011–2015) in Canada. Nasopharyngeal swabs were performed on all patients at the onset of hospital admission for diagnosis of viral infection. Primary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and ICU admissions. Secondary outcomes included invasive/non‐invasive ventilation use.ResultsAmong 3931 hospitalized patients with COPD, 28.5% (1122/3931) were diagnosed with seasonal respiratory viral infection. Viral infection was associated with increased admission to ICU (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9) and need for mechanical ventilation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5), but was not associated with mortality (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8–1.4). Patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were equally likely to require ICU admission (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.67–1.78), and more likely to need non‐invasive ventilation (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.8–5.1) compared to patients with influenza.InterpretationOur results suggest COPD patients requiring hospitalization for respiratory symptoms should routinely receive viral testing at admission, especially for RSV and influenza, to inform prognosis, clinical management, and infection control practices during winter seasons. Patients with COPD will be an important target population for newly developed RSV therapeutics.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01517191.
Mn ions‐activated Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 garnet solid‐solution ceramics: Cation substitution for dual wavelength red‐emission
Authors: Sun Bingheng , Jiang Benxue , Fan Jintai , Zhang Le , Zhang Long 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRed‐emitting color‐convertors have attracted considerable attention for promising applications in solid‐state lighting (SSL) to improve color rendition. However, the current nitride and fluoride phosphor powders have encountered several challenges, such as high cost, narrow emission bands, and insufficient stability during operation, which limit the development of high‐power full‐spectrum SSL. In this study, thermally robust Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Mn (GAGG:Mn) solid‐solution ceramics (SSCs) with dual wavelength red‐emission bands were prepared via an oxygen solid‐state sintering reaction. The doped Mn ions occupied octahedral Al3+ and Ga3+ sites to generate Mn4+ luminescent centers with pronounced deep‐red emissions peaking at 698 nm (2E → 4A2), and Mn2+ luminescent centers with broad red emissions at 628 nm (4T1 → 6A1). Because the cationic radius matching effect induced the regulation of valence state of Mn, the photoluminescence of the GAGG:Mn SSCs can be tailored by the substitution of Al3+ with Ga3+. Moreover, the Mn3+ also existed in the GAGG lattice host, and their concentration decreased with increasing Ga3+ contents owing to the mismatch of ionic radius between Mn3+ and Ga3+ ions. With the optimization of Al/Ga ratio and concentration of Mn ions, a broad emission band ranging from 550 to 800 nm (bandwidth = 250 nm) was achieved from Gd3Al3Ga2O12:0.3%Mn SSCs upon 465‐nm excitation. Moreover, the GAGG:Mn SSC has over 17‐fold enhanced thermal conductivity compared with the corresponding phosphor powder. This paper opens a door of regulating the valence state of luminescence centers with cation substitution and the application of oxide red‐emitting color‐convertors.
Umbrella review: Newly graduated nurses' experiences of providing direct care in hospital settings
Authors: Kaldal Maiken Holm , Conroy Tiffany , Feo Rebecca , Grønkjær Mette , Voldbjerg Siri Lygum 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo summarize existing research syntheses reporting newly graduated registered nurses' experiences of providing direct care in hospital settings.DesignUmbrella review.Data SourcesAn extensive search of all relevant databases was conducted for research syntheses. Initial key terms included “new* nurse”, “nursing care” and “hospital setting” in combination with index terms to find relevant literature.MethodsCritical appraisal, data extraction and summary were performed independently by two reviewers according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for undertaking umbrella reviews.ResultsNine research syntheses published between 2010 and 2019 and representing 173 studies were included following critical appraisal. The evidence was summarized in narrative form with supporting tables. Twenty‐six sub‐branches and seven main‐branches were organized in a coding tree showing the structure of three overlapping themes: “Feeling a lack of competency”, “Sense of emotional distress” and “In need of support”.ConclusionsEvidence demonstrates that newly graduated registered nurses' experiences of a lack of competency, emotional distress and need for support emerged as essential requirements for the provision of competent and safe direct care for the patient.ImpactNewly graduated registered nurses face multiple challenges in the transition from student nurse to practicing nurse. Unmet expectations of being a newly graduated nurse might lead to low levels of job satisfaction, high attrition rates or missed nursing care. Nurse educators, leaders and policy makers should be mindful that newly graduated registered nurses' perceptions of professional and personal identity and degree of support influences newly graduated registered nurses' direct care provision.
Genetic and non‐genetic factors influencing KLH binding natural antibodies and specific antibody response to Newcastle disease in Kenyan chicken populations
Authors: Miyumo Sophie , Wasike Chrilukovian B. , Ilatsia Evans D. , Bennewitz Jörn , Chagunda Mizeck G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the influence of genetic and non‐genetic factors on immune traits to inform on possibilities of genetic improvement of disease resistance traits in local chicken of Kenya. Immune traits such as natural and specific antibodies are considered suitable indicators of an individual's health status and consequently, used as indicator traits of disease resistance. In this study, natural antibodies binding to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH‐NAbs) was used to measure general disease resistance. Specific antibodies binding to Newcastle disease virus (NDV‐IgG) post vaccination was used to measure specific disease resistance. Titers of KLH‐NAbs isotypes (KLH‐IgM, KLH‐IgG and KLH‐IgA) and NDV‐IgG were measured in 1,540 chickens of different ages ranging from 12 to 56 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, generation, population type, phylogenetic cluster, line, genotype and age on the antibody traits. A multivariate animal mixed model was fitted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among the antibody traits. The model constituted of non‐genetic factors found to have a significant influence on the antibody traits as fixed effects, and animal and residual effects as random variables. Overall mean (±SE) concentration levels for KLH‐IgM, KLH‐IgG, KLH‐IgA and NDV‐IgG were 10.33 ± 0.04, 9.08 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02 and 10.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Sex, generation and age (linear covariate) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced variation across all the antibody traits. Genotype effects (p < 0.05) were present in all antibody traits, apart from KLH‐IgA. Interaction between generation and line was significant (p < 0.05) in KLH‐IgM and NDV‐IgG while nesting phylogenetic cluster within population significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all antibody traits, apart from KLH‐IgA. Heritability estimates for KLH‐IgM, KLH‐IgG, KLH‐IgA and NDV‐IgG were 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.06, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations (0.40–0.61) among the KLH‐NAbs while negative genetic correlations (−0.26 to −0.98) were observed between the KLH‐NAbs and NDV‐IgG. Results from this study indicate that non‐genetic effects due to biological and environmental factors influence natural and specific antibodies and should be accounted for to reduce bias and improve accuracy when evaluating the traits. Subsequently, the moderate heritability estimates in KLH‐IgM and NDV‐IgG suggest selection possibilities for genetic improvement of general and specific immunity, respectively, and consequently disease resistance. However, the negative correlations between KLH‐NAbs and NDV‐IgG indicate the need to consider a suitable approach that can optimally combine both traits in a multiple trait selection strategies.
Field, semi‐field and greenhouse testing of HOOK SWD, a SPLAT‐based attract‐and‐kill formulation to manage spotted‐wing drosophila
Authors: Urbaneja‐Bernat Pablo , Holdcraft Robert , Hernández‐Cumplido Johnattan , Rhodes Elena M. , Liburd Oscar E. , Sial Ashfaq A. , Mafra‐Neto Agenor , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNative to Southeast Asia, the spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) has become a major pest of small fruit crops in the Americas and Europe because females can oviposit in ripening fruit. Currently, D. suzukii management relies heavily on chemical control; thus, more sustainable approaches like attract‐and‐kill need to be evaluated to reduce insecticide use. In previous studies, HOOK SWD, an attract‐and‐kill product that combines attractants, phagostimulants and an insecticide (spinosad), showed promise for D. suzukii control; still, little is known about its performance under field conditions and under varying pest and host‐fruit densities, as well as its residual activity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of HOOK SWD when applied in commercial blueberry farms, when deployed in semifield cages under different D. suzukii adult and fruit densities and when aged for 30 days in the greenhouse. Results from field experiments showed that HOOK SWD could reduce fruit infestation in blueberry farms; however, its efficacy varied in space and time. Semifield cage studies revealed that relatively high densities of both D. suzukii adults and fruit can reduce the effectiveness of HOOK SWD, which might explain the variation in its efficacy in the field. Ageing HOOK SWD in a greenhouse for at least 30 days yielded no significant decrease in insecticidal activity. Altogether, these studies show that HOOK SWD can potentially suppress D. suzukii populations in the field, but it should be used as part of an integrated pest management program instead of a stand‐alone control tool, especially under high pest and fruit densities.
Implementation considerations for delivering inpatient COVID rehabilitation: A qualitative study
Authors: Sheppard Christine L. , Szigeti Zara , Simpson Robert , Minezes Jacqueline , Hitzig Sander L. , Mayo Amanda , Robinson Lawrence R. , Lung Maria , Wasilewski Marina B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRationalePatients recovering from significant COVID‐19 infections benefit from rehabilitation; however, aspects of rehabilitative care can be difficult to implement amidst COVID infection control measures.Aims and ObjectivesWe used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to evaluate the rapid implementation of a COVID zone in an in‐patient rehabilitation hospital at the onset of the first wave of the pandemic.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with health care providers (n = 12) supporting the COVID zone, as well as with patients (n = 10) who were discharged from the COVID zone and their family caregivers (n = 5). The interviews explored the successes and challenges of working on the unit and the quality of care that was delivered to patients recovering from COVID.ResultsRapid implementation of the COVID zone was supported by champions at the middle‐management level but challenged by a number of factors, including: conflicting expert opinions on best infection control practices (outer setting), limited flow of information from senior leaders to frontline staff (inner setting), lack of rehabilitation equipment and understanding of how to provide high quality rehabilitative care in this context (intervention characteristics), willingness and self‐efficacy of staff working in the COVID zone (individual characteristics) and lack of time to reflect on and assess effectiveness (process).ConclusionsWhile there was an apparent need for rapid implementation of a COVID rehabilitation zone, senior leadership, middle management and frontline staff faced several challenges. Future evaluations should focus on how to adapt COVID rehabilitation services during fluctuating pandemic restrictions, and to account for rehabilitative needs of people recovering from significant COVID infections.