bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coral and Seawater Metagenomes Reveal Key Microbial Functions to Coral Health and Ecosystem Functioning Shaped at Reef Scale
Authors: Lima Laís Farias Oliveira , Alker Amanda , Papudeshi Bhavya , Morris Megan , Edwards Robert , de Putron Samantha , Dinsdale Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coral holobiont is comprised of a highly diverse microbial community that provides key services to corals such as protection against pathogens and nutrient cycling. The coral surface mucus layer (SML) microbiome is very sensitive to external changes, as it constitutes the direct interface between the coral host and the environment. Here we investigate whether the bacterial taxonomic and functional profiles in the coral SML are shaped by the local reef zone and explore their role in coral health and ecosystem functioning. The analysis was conducted using metagenomes and metagenome assemble genomes (MAGs) associated with the coral Pseudodiploria strigosa and the water column from two naturally distinct reef environments in Bermuda: inner patch reefs exposed to a fluctuating thermal regime and the more stable outer reefs. The microbial community structure in the coral SML varied according to the local environment, both at taxonomic and functional levels. The coral SML microbiome from inner reefs provides more gene functions that are involved in nutrient cycling (e.g., photosynthesis, phosphorus metabolism, sulfur assimilation) and those that are related to higher levels of microbial activity, competition, and stress response. In contrast, the coral SML microbiome from outer reefs contained genes indicative of a carbohydrate-rich mucus composition found in corals exposed to less stressful temperatures and showed high proportions of microbial gene functions that play a potential role in coral disease, such as degradation of lignin-derived compounds and sulfur oxidation. The fluctuating environment in the inner patch reefs of Bermuda could be driving a more beneficial coral SML microbiome; potentially increasing holobiont resilience to environmental changes and disease.
Water pricing and affordability in the US: public vs. private ownership
Authors: Zhang X. , González Rivas M. , Grant M. , Warner M. E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined the 500 largest community water systems in the US to explore whether ownership is related to annual water bills, and the percent of income that low-income households spend on water. Regression results show that, among the largest water systems, private ownership is related to higher water prices and less affordability for low-income families. In states with regulations favorable to private providers, water utilities charge even higher prices. Affordability issues are more severe in communities with higher poverty and older infrastructure. Water policy needs to address ownership and regulation and explore new mechanisms to ensure water affordability for low-income residents.
MicroRNA-17-5p Promotes Vascular Calcification by Targeting ANKH
Authors: Li Xiangqi , Xu Jiahong , Wang Xing , Shi Chao , Tan Jiaorong , Lu Jiancan , Huang Junling 
Published: March 2022

Background:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may participate in the process of vascular calcification.
However, the role of microRNA-17-5p in vascular calcification has not been clarified. In this
study, we showed the effects of microRNA-17-5p on vascular calcification.

Materials and Methods:
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were transfected with miR-17-5p
mimics, a miR-17-5p inhibitor or negative control (NC) using Lipofectamine 2000. Then the cells
were induced by an osteogenic medium. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization
were determined. Osteocalcin (OC), bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2), Collagen Ia (Colla),
Runx2, and ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expressions were determined by reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Vascular calcification was developed using a renal failure
model.

Results:
The ALP activity was increased when miR-17-5p mimics were transfected, whereas the
miR-17-5p inhibitor reduced ALP activity (p < 0.05). The number and average area of mineral
nodes in the miR-17-5p mimic group was larger than those in the corresponding control and NC
groups (p < 0.05). The number and average area of the mineral nodes in the miR-17-5p inhibitor
group were smaller than those in the corresponding control and NC groups (p < 0.05). Bmp2,
OC, Col1a and Runx2 were higher in the miR-17-5p mimics group compared to those in the control
and NC groups. ANKH expression was decreased in VSMCs with the miR-17-5p mimics and increased
in VSMCs with miR-17-5p inhibitor. ANKH siRNA intervention also promoted mineralization.
The miR-17-5p expression was upregulated and ANKH was down-regulated in the aortic arteries
with calcification.

Conclusion:
Our data showed that miR-17-5p may promote vascular calcification by inhibiting
ANKH expression.
Antimutagenic and Antiproliferative Activity of the Coccoloba uvifera L. Extract
Loaded in Nanofibers of Gelatin/Agave Fructans Elaborated by Electrospinning
Authors: Cruz-Salas Carla N. , Prieto Cristina , Calderón-Santoyo Montserrat , Lagarón José M. , Ramos-Hernández Jorge A. , Ragazzo-Sánchez Juan A. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The Coccoloba uvifera L. species is currently considered an important source of compounds
of high biological value such as lupeol. This is related to different and important biological activities to human health.

Objective.:
The objective of this study was to encapsulate the C. uvifera extract in nanofibers made with the biopolymers
gelatin (G)/high-grade polymerization agave fructans (HDPAF) in the proportions 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 0:1,
through the electrospinning process, in addition to evaluating the antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties of the
encapsulated extract.

Method:
The physicochemical characteristics of the nanofibers were evaluated, as well as the antiproliferative and
antimutagenic activities of the encapsulated and unencapsulated extract. SEM evaluation shows nanofibers of smooth,
continuous morphology and nanometric size (50-250 nm). The TGA, FTIR-ATR, HPLC-MS analyses reveal the presence
of the extract in the nanofibers.

Results:
The extract did not show a mutagenic effect during the development of the Ames test, on the other hand, the
MTT test showed the antiproliferative effect at the concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL of extract.

Conclusion:
The extract of C. uvifera loaded in nanofibers elaborated by electrospinning with the G/HDPAF biopolymers
conserves its antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties.
Oakmoss Exhibits Antihyperglycemic Activity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Amssayef Ayoub , Bouadid Ismail 
Published: March 2022

Aims:The study aimed to assess the antidiabetic effect of Oakmoss.Background:Lichens species are dual organisms consisting of a mycobiont (Fungi) and a photoautotrophic partner (Algae). They are widely used in traditional medicine as a treatment against diabetes.Objective:This study was designed to assess the antihyperglycemic activity as well as the antihyperlipidemic capacity of Oakmoss (Evernia prunastri (L.)) in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods:This study has evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of Oakmoss at a dose of 60 mg/kg on blood glucose levels and lipid profile in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Histopathological examination of liver, determination of glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscles (EDL and soleus), antioxidant activity, and phytochemical investigation were also performed.Results:Both single and repeated oral doses of Oakmoss (60 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction of blood glucose, triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels in diabetic rats. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of Oakmoss during 7 days ameliorated the liver function by increasing its glycogen content and improving its histological architecture in treated diabetic rats. In addition, the aqueous extract of Oakmoss exhibited an antioxidant activity and showed richness in certain phytochemicals especially in phenolic acids and flavonoids.Conclusion:Oakmoss, a lichen species, exhibits a potential effect on improving hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic rats.
BPS and BPF are as Carcinogenic as BPA and are Not Viable Alternatives
for its Replacement
Authors: Edaes Felipe Sanches , de Souza Cleide Barbieri 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Plastic polymers are omnipresent, and life without them is virtually impossible. Despite the advantages provided by the material, conventional plastic also has harmful effects on the environment and human health. Plastics release microplastics and compounds, such as BPA, which is a xenoestrogen and once absorbed by the body, have an affinity for estrogen receptors α and β, acting as an agonist on human cells, being an endocrine disrupter able to cause various diseases and acting as a potential neoplastic inducer. BPS and BPF are BPA’s analogs, a proposed solution to solve its harmful effects. The analogs can be found in daily use products and are used in several industrial applications.

Objectives:
In the present work, the researchers aimed to conduct a revisional study on BPA's harmful effects on human health, focusing on its carcinogenic potential, discussing its mechanisms of action, as well as its analogs effects, and identifying if BPS and BPF are viable alternatives to BPA's substitution in plastic polymers' production.

Methods:
In this review, articles published in the last 15 years related to the different aspects of conventional plastics and BPA were analyzed and revised with precision. The subjects ranged from conventional plastics and the problems related to their large-scale production, BPA, its negative aspects, and the feasibility of using its analogs (BPS and BPF) to replace the compound. The articles were extensively reviewed and concisely discussed.

Results:
This study demonstrated that BPA has a high carcinogenic potential, with known mechanisms to trigger breast, ovarian, prostate, cervical, and lung cancers, thus elucidating that its analogs are also xenoestrogens, and they can exert similar effects to BPA and, therefore, cannot be considered viable alternatives for its replacement.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that new research should be carried out to develop such alternatives, allowing the substitution of plastic materials containing BPA in their composition, such as developing economically viable and sustainable biodegradable bioplastics for socio-environmental well-being.
Sodium Valproate Modulates the Methylation Status of Lysine Residues 4, 9 and 27 in Histone H3 of HeLa Cells
Authors: Mello Maria Luiza Silveira , Rocha Marina Amorim , de Campos Vidal Benedicto 
Published: March 2022

Background:Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a well-known anti-epileptic agent, in-hibits histone deacetylases, induces histone hyperacetylation, promotes DNA demethylation, and affects the histone methylation status in some cell models. Histone methylation profiles have been described as potential markers for cervical cancer prognosis. However, histone methylation markers that can be studied in a cervical cancer cell line, like HeLa cells, have not been investigated following treatment with VPA.Method:In this study, the effect of 0.5 mM and 2.0 mM VPA for 24 h on H3K4me2/me3, H3K9me/me2 and H3K27me/me3 signals as well as on KMT2D, EZH2, and KDM3A gene expression was investigated using confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Histone methylation changes were also in-vestigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Result:We found that VPA induces increased levels of H3K4me2/me3 and H3K9me, which are indic-ative of chromatin activation. Particularly, H3K4me2 markers appeared intensified close to the nuclear periphery, which may suggest their implication in increased transcriptional memory. The abundance of H3K4me2/me3 in the presence of VPA was associated with increased methyltransferase KMT2D gene expression. VPA induced hypomethylation of H3K9me2, which is associated with gene silencing, and concomitant with the demethylase KDM3A, it increased gene expression. Although VPA induces in-creased H3K27me/me3 levels, it is suggested that the role of the methyltransferase EZH2 in this context could be affected by interactions with this drug.Conclusion:Histone FTIR spectra were not affected by VPA under present experimental conditions. Whether our epigenetic results are consistent with VPA affecting the aggressive tumorous state of HeLa cells, further investigation is required.
Using Smartwatches to Observe Changes in Activity During Recovery From Critical Illness Following COVID-19 Critical Care Admission: 1-Year, Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Hunter Alex , Leckie Todd , Coe Oliver , Hardy Benjamin , Fitzpatrick Daniel , Gonçalves Ana-Carolina , Standing Mary-Kate , Koulouglioti Christina , Richardson Alan , Hodgson Luke 
Published: March 2022

Background
As a sequela of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large cohort of critical illness survivors have had to recover in the context of ongoing societal restrictions.

Objective
We aimed to use smartwatches (Fitbit Charge 3; Fitbit LLC) to assess changes in the step counts and heart rates of critical care survivors following hospital admission with COVID-19, use these devices within a remote multidisciplinary team (MDT) setting to support patient recovery, and report on our experiences with this.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, multicenter observational trial in 8 UK critical care units. A total of 50 participants with moderate or severe lung injury resulting from confirmed COVID-19 were recruited at discharge from critical care and given a smartwatch (Fitbit Charge 3) between April and June 2020. The data collected included step counts and daily resting heart rates. A subgroup of the overall cohort at one site—the MDT site (n=19)—had their smartwatch data used to inform a regular MDT meeting. A patient feedback questionnaire and direct feedback from the MDT were used to report our experience. Participants who did not upload smartwatch data were excluded from analysis.

Results
Of the 50 participants recruited, 35 (70%) used and uploaded data from their smartwatch during the 1-year period. At the MDT site, 74% (14/19) of smartwatch users uploaded smartwatch data, whereas 68% (21/31) of smartwatch users at the control sites uploaded smartwatch data. For the overall cohort, we recorded an increase in mean step count from 4359 (SD 3488) steps per day in the first month following discharge to 7914 (SD 4146) steps per day at 1 year (P=.003). The mean resting heart rate decreased from 79 (SD 7) beats per minute in the first month to 69 (SD 4) beats per minute at 1 year following discharge (P<.001). The MDT subgroup’s mean step count increased more than that of the control group (176% increase vs 42% increase, respectively; +5474 steps vs +2181 steps, respectively; P=.04) over 1 year. Further, 71% (10/14) of smartwatch users at the MDT site and 48% (10/21) of those at the control sites strongly agreed that their Fitbit motivated them to recover, and 86% (12/14) and 48% (10/21), respectively, strongly agreed that they aimed to increase their activity levels over time.

Conclusions
This is the first study to use smartwatch data to report on the 1-year recovery of patients who survived a COVID-19 critical illness. This is also the first study to report on smartwatch use within a post–critical care MDT. Future work could explore the role of smartwatches as part of a randomized controlled trial to assess clinical and economic effectiveness.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.12968/ijtr.2020.0102
Decreased Physical Activity Among Youth Resulting From COVID-19 Pandemic–Related School Closures: Natural Experimental Study
Authors: Grimes Amanda , Lightner Joseph S , Eighmy Katlyn , Steel Chelsea , Shook Robin P , Carlson Jordan 
Published: March 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools and may have inadvertently resulted in decreased physical activity for youth. Emerging evidence suggests that school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic could have hastened the inactivity of youth, possibly due to a lack of structure outside of school and increased access to sedentary activities.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess changes in physical activity from pre–school closure (before the pandemic) to post–school closure (during the pandemic) among youth in spring 2020.

Methods
This study used a natural experimental design; youth were enrolled in a physical activity study prior to the lockdown, which was enforced due to the pandemic. The number of device-assessed steps per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity minutes per week were measured by using a Garmin Vivofit 4 (Garmin Ltd) accelerometer over 8 weeks. Mixed effects models were used to compare physical activity variables, which were measured before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Youth were primarily Hispanic or Latinx (8/17, 47%) and female (10/17, 59%). The number of daily steps decreased by 45.4% during the school closure, from a pre–school closure mean of 8003 steps per day to a post–school closure mean of 4366 steps per day. Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity decreased by 42.5%, from a pre–school closure mean of 80.18 minutes per week to a post–school closure mean of 46.13 minutes per week.

Conclusions
Youth are engaging in roughly half as much physical activity during the school closure as they were prior to the school closure. If additional evidence supports these claims, interventions are needed to support youths’ engagement in physical activity in the Midwest.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL FAST DISSOLVING FILMS OF NAPROXEN SODIUM
Authors: P. HYMA , FATIMA SAKEENA 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to prepare ODFs containing Naproxen Sodium, an NSAID, using solvent casting method and to evaluate them to put together a dosage form which can be taken without water, is easy to administer, has a rapid onset of action and can surmount first pass metabolism. Six distinct formulations of naproxen sodium ODF (F1-F6) were created in this investigation by varying the quantity of croscarmellose sodium, a super disintegrant.
Methods: Naproxen Sodium ODF’s were prepared by solvent casting method. Evaluation of prepared ODF’s was done by considering various parameters such as film thickness, folding endurance, disintegration time, surface pH, weight variation, in vitro dissolution test, content uniformity and FTIR.
Results: F6 has shown to be the best fast release formulation in terms of disintegration time (less than 1 minute) and dissolution (103.5 % after 30 min). Formulation F6's other film characteristics, such as weight variation, thickness, pH, and folding endurance, were all within the USP limit.
Conclusion: By virtue of quick disintegration self-administration without water or chewing, oral fast dissolving film (OFDF) is one such new technique to enhance consumer acceptance. The film is an excellent intraoral fast-dissolving medication delivery method by which a wide range of medicines, including neuroleptics, cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, anti-asthmatic, antihistamines and drugs for erectile dysfunction, can be manufactured. From the standpoint of the patient, oromucosal medication delivery is appealing since it allows for easy administration without the need to swallow, as well as better patient safety. As a novel delivery mechanism, the notion of a quick-dissolving dosage form has gained popularity. By lowering dose frequency, this method will deliver optimum therapeutic efficacy, improved bioavailability, and maximum stability. This will also surmount first-pass metabolism of drugs. This method allows for faster medication absorption from the pre-gastric region, perhaps resulting in a faster onset of action.
ANALISIS MEKANISME PEMBIAYAAN MURÄ€BAá¸¤AH BERDASARKAN PBI NOMOR: 7/46/PBI/2005
Authors: Fitrianingtyas Asma' Fajar , Anwar Qosim Khoiri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPBI Number: 7/46/PBI/2005 explained that in murÄbaá¸¥ah financing, if the bank represented the customer to purchase goods, then murÄbaá¸¥ah contract must be made after the goods became the bank's property. Meanwhile, BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura carried out a murÄbaá¸¥ah contract before the goods became the bank's property. This was not in accordance with the PBI and it couldbe said that there was engineering in financing implementation. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of murÄbaá¸¥ah financing at BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura based on PBI Number: 7/46/PBI/2005 and analyze causative factors of engineering in financing. This study used qualitative field research and the Miles and Huberman method, with data collection techniques were interview with related parties and documentation. This studyconcluded that the murÄbaá¸¥ah financing mechanism in BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura consists of filling out forms, BI checking, surveys, etc. The financing mechanism was generally appropriate. However, in its implementation, not all provisions have been carried out properly. BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura carried out amurÄbaá¸¥ah contract before the goods became the bank's property. Then, it could be said that there was engineering in the financing implementation. The causative factors were the bank wanted to save time, minimize expenses, etc.Keywords: Financing; Mechanism; MurÄbaá¸¥ah; PBI.Â AbstrakPBI Nomor: 7/46/PBI/2005 menjelaskan bahwa dalam hal pembiayaan murÄbaá¸¥ah, apabila bank mewakilkan kepada nasabah untuk membeli barang, maka akad murÄbaá¸¥ah harus dilakukan setelah barang menjadi milik bank. Sedangkan BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura melaksanakan akad murÄbaá¸¥ah sebelum barang menjadi milik bank. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan PBI dan dapat dikatakan bahwasannya terdapat rekayasa dalam pelaksanaan pembiayaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme pembiayaan murÄbaá¸¥ah di BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura berdasarkan PBI Nomor: 7/46/PBI/2005 dan menganalisis faktor penyebab terjadinya rekayasa dalam pembiayaan tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif lapangan serta metode Miles dan Huberman, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara pihak terkait dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mekanisme pembiayaan murÄbaá¸¥ah di BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura terdiri dari pengisian form, BI checking, survei, dan lain sebagainya. Menurut PBI Nomor: 7/46/PBI/2005, secara umum mekanisme tersebut sudah sesuai. Namun, dalam implementasinya belum semua ketentuan sudah dijalankan sebagaimana mestinya. BSI KCP Sukoharjo Kartasura melaksanakan akad murÄbaá¸¥ah sebelum barang menjadi milik bank. Maka, hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwasannya terdapat rekayasa dalam pelaksanaan pembiayaan tersebut. Faktor penyebabnya yakni karena pihak bank sebisa mungkin ingin menghemat waktu, meminimalisir pengeluaran, dan lain sebagainya.Kata Kunci: Mekanisme; MurÄbaá¸¥ah; PBI; Pembiayaan.