bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection following initial COVID-19 vaccination: Population-based cohort study
Authors: Tadrous Mina , Chung Hannah , Men Siyu , Chu Cherry , Campbell Tonya , Juurlink David N. , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Paterson J. Michael , Gomes Tara 
Published: October 2022

Background
Anecdotally there are reports of newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after vaccination. This has led some to speculate that vaccination itself might inadvertently increase the short-term risk of COVID potentially due to airborne spread at mass vaccination clinics or relaxation of precautions following vaccination. We explored whether receipt of vaccination was associated with a short-term increase in the risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19 and if differences exist between vaccination settings.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study in Ontario, Canada to compare the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 21 days of receiving a first vaccination, according to the setting in which vaccines were administered between March 1, 2021 and May 6, 2021. We used linked population-wide vaccination, laboratory testing, and health administrative databases. We created a 1:1 matched comparison group of unexposed individuals. We reported the overall risk of infection calculated at 3, 7, 10, 14, 18, and 21 days. This was completed overall and by setting of vaccine receipt.

Results
We identified 4,798,430 Ontario residents who received their first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. In the primary analysis, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly lower among vaccine recipients vs non-recipients at all the post-vaccination time points. Analysis stratified by vaccination setting found that mass vaccination clinics, pharmacies, and physician offices were consistent with the main findings. Individuals who received their first vaccine dose in congregate residential settings had a higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection at 7 days (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00–1.83) and 10 days (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.15).

Conclusion
In this population-based cohort study, we found that there was no increased risk of SARS-CoV2 infection after vaccination suggesting no broad transmission of disease at time of vaccination. Some evidence of increased risk among those vaccinated in congregate settings, highlighting the need to consider opportunities for supporting safe vaccine administration in these settings. Given ongoing and future immunization programs, the results support the need for continued vigilance during any mass vaccination processes and education regarding the delayed nature of protection following vaccination.
Excess maternal mortality in Brazil: Regional inequalities and trajectories during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Orellana Jesem , Jacques Nadège , Leventhal Daniel Gray Paschoal , Marrero Lihsieh , Morón-Duarte Lina Sofía 
Published: October 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has exceeded 6 million known disease-related deaths and there is evidence of an increase in maternal deaths, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate excess maternal deaths in Brazil and its macroregions as well as their trajectories in the first 15 months of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods
This study evaluated maternal deaths from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health, with excess deaths being assessed between March 2020 and May 2021 by quasi-Poisson generalized additive models adjusted for overdispersion. Observed deaths were compared to deaths expected without the pandemic, accompanied by 95% confidence intervals according to region, age group, and trimester of occurrence. Analyses were conducted in R version 3.6.1 and RStudio version 1.2.1335.

Results
There were 3,291 notified maternal deaths during the study period, resulting in a 70% excess of deaths regardless of region, while in the North, Northeast, South and Southeast regions, excess deaths occurred regardless of age group. Excess deaths occurred in the March-May 2021 trimester regardless of region and age group. Excess deaths were observed in the Southeast region for the 25-36-year-old age group regardless of the trimester assessed, and in the North, Central-West and South regions, the only period in which excess deaths were not observed was September-November 2020. Excess deaths regardless of trimester were observed in the 37-49-year-old age group in the North region, and the South region displayed explosive behavior from March-May 2021, with a 375% excess of deaths.

Conclusions
Excess maternal deaths, with geographically heterogenous trajectories and consistently high patterns at the time of the epidemic’s greatest impact, reflect not only the previous effect of socioeconomic inequalities and of limited access to maternal health services, but most of all the precarious management of Brazil’s health crisis.
Trypsin may be associated with duodenal eosinophils through the expression of PAR2 in early chronic pancreatitis and functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities
Authors: Agawa Shuhei , Futagami Seiji , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Tsushima Rina , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Habiro Mayu , Kawawa Rie , Kodaka Yasuhiro , Ueki Nobue , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Gudis Katya , Ohashi Rhuji , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2022

Background
Early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) has been reported to advance into chronic pancreatitis, it may be critical to differentiate the pathophysiology of ECP and functional dyspepsia (FD) in patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD-P). This study aimed to clarify differences in the pathophysiology of ECP and FD-P and to determine whether duodenal inflammatory responses in the two diseases were associated with protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2, as the trypsin receptor.

Methods
Eighty patients who presented with FD-P and ECP were enrolled. In duodenal specimens, PAR2 mRNA levels were determined using real-time PCR. Using immunostaining, CD68-, GLP-1-, PRG2-, and CCR2-positive cells, tight junction proteins, and PAR 2 were evaluated.

Results
There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms and gastric motility between ECP and FD-P patients. The CD68-positive cells infiltrations and occludin expression levels in the duodenal mucosa of patients with FD-P were significantly (p<0.001 and p = 0.048, respectively) lower than those in patients with ECP. Although serum trypsin levels in ECP and FD-P patents were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) associated with duodenal eosinophils counts, elevated trypsin levels were not significantly associated with degranulated eosinophils, occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression levels in the duodenum of either group. PAR2 mRNA levels were increased in the duodenum of patients with ECP and FD-P. PAR2 was localized in the epithelial cells of the duodenal mucosa and the surface of degranulated eosinophils in ECP and FD-P patients.

Conclusions
Elevated trypsin levels might be partly associated with duodenal inflammatory responses through PAR2-related degranulated eosinophils and the reduction of occludin in patients with ECP and FD-P.
A global, regional, and national survey on burden and Quality of Care Index (QCI) of bladder cancer: The global burden of disease study 1990–2019
Authors: Karimi Amirali , Shobeiri Parnian , Azadnajafabad Sina , Masinaei Masoud , Rezaei Negar , Ghanbari Ali , Rezaei Nazila , Rouhifard Mahtab , Shahin Sarvenaz , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Keykhaei Mohammad , Kazemi Ameneh , Amini Erfan , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the second most common genitourinary cancer and among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. We aimed to assess BCa quality of care (QOC) utilizing a novel multi-variable quality of care index (QCI).

Materials and methods
Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 1990–2019 database. QCI scores were calculated using four indices of prevalence-to-incidence ratio, Disability-Adjusted Life Years-to-prevalence ratio, mortality-to-incidence ratio, and Years of Life Lost-to-Years Lived with Disability ratio. We used principal component analysis to allocate 0–100 QCI scores based on region, age groups, year, and gender.

Results
Global burden of BCa is on the rise with 524,305 (95% UI 475,952–569,434) new BCa cases and 228,735 (95% UI 210743–243193) deaths in 2019, but age-standardized incidence and mortality rates did not increase. Global age-standardized QCI improved from 75.7% in 1990 to 80.9% in 2019. The European and African regions had the highest and lowest age-standardized QCI of 89.7% and 37.6%, respectively. Higher Socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles had better QCI scores, ranging from 90.1% in high SDI to 30.2% in low SDI countries in 2019; however, 5-year QCI improvements from 2014 to 2019 were 0.0 for high and 4.7 for low SDI countries.

Conclusion
The global QCI increased in the last 30 years, but the gender disparities remained relatively unchanged despite substantial improvements in several regions. Higher SDI quintiles had superior QOC and less gender- and age-based inequalities compared to lower SDI countries. We encourage countries to implement the learned lessons and improve their QOC shortcomings.
Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function compared with healthy individuals
Authors: Zambolin Fabio , Duro-Ocana Pablo , Faisal Azmy , Bagley Liam , Gregory William J. , Jones Arwel W. , McPhee Jamie S. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To determine cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function of people with CFS and FMS compared to healthy individuals.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and PEDro from inception to June 2022.

Eligible criteria for selecting studies
Studies were included if presenting baseline data on cardiorespiratory fitness and/or neuromuscular function from observational or interventional studies of patients diagnosed with FMS or CFS. Participants were aged 18 years or older, with results also provided for healthy controls. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP).

Results
99 studies including 9853 participants (5808 patients; 4405 healthy controls) met our eligibility criteria. Random effects meta-analysis showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, anaerobic threshold, peak lactate) and neuromuscular function (MVC, fatigability, voluntary activation, muscle volume, muscle mass, rate of perceived exertion) in CFS and FMS compared to controls: all with moderate to high effect sizes.

Discussion
Our results demonstrate lower cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function in those living with FMS or CFS when compared to controls. There were indications of dysregulated neuro-muscular interactions including heightened perceptions of effort, reduced ability to activate the available musculature during exercise and reduced tolerance of exercise.

Trail registration
PROSPERO registration number: (CRD42020184108).
Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Eze Paul , Lawani Lucky Osaheni , Agu Ujunwa Justina , Amara Linda Uzo , Okorie Cassandra Anurika , Acharya Yubraj 
Published: October 2022

Objective
A non-negligible proportion of sub-Saharan African (SSA) households experience catastrophic costs accessing healthcare. This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence to identify factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) incidence in the region.

Methods
We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI, Africa Journal Online, SciELO, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, and supplemented these with search of grey literature, pre-publication server deposits, Google Scholar®, and citation tracking of included studies. We assessed methodological quality of included studies using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies for quantitative studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies; and synthesized study findings according to the guidelines of the Economic and Social Research Council.

Results
We identified 82 quantitative, 3 qualitative, and 4 mixed-methods studies involving 3,112,322 individuals in 650,297 households in 29 SSA countries. Overall, we identified 29 population-level and 38 disease-specific factors associated with CHE incidence in the region. Significant population-level CHE-associated factors were rural residence, poor socioeconomic status, absent health insurance, large household size, unemployed household head, advanced age (elderly), hospitalization, chronic illness, utilization of specialist healthcare, and utilization of private healthcare providers. Significant distinct disease-specific factors were disability in a household member for NCDs; severe malaria, blood transfusion, neonatal intensive care, and distant facilities for maternal and child health services; emergency surgery for surgery/trauma patients; and low CD4-count, HIV and TB co-infection, and extra-pulmonary TB for HIV/TB patients.

Conclusions
Multiple household and health system level factors need to be addressed to improve financial risk protection and healthcare access and utilization in SSA.

Protocol registration
PROSPERO CRD42021274830
Límites de estabilidad en los distintos patrones posturográficos. Estudio de cohortes.
Authors: Fernández-Nava María José , Ferreira Cendón Sofía , Alonso de la Iglesia Sara , Cecilio Rivas María de las Mercedes , Alonso San Eloy Ana Belén , Batuecas Caletrío Ángel 
Published: October 2022

Introducción y objetivo: El desarrollo de las plataformas dinamométricas computerizadas ha significado una evolución trascendental en la medición del equilibrio en bipedestación estática. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio es determinar la relación entre los límites de estabilidad y el tipo de información que utilizan estos pacientes para mantener el equilibrio.
Método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de una muestra de 70 pacientes a partir del análisis de los resultados obtenidos en las posturografías dinámicas computerizadas (PDC) realizadas en la Unidad de Otoneurología del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca.
Resultados: No hay ningún tipo de déficit en 28 de los 70 pacientes a los que se realizó una PDC. La media de los límites de estabilidad en los pacientes con un valor compuesto patológico es menor que los pacientes con un compuesto normal, siendo esta relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Los pacientes con mayor afectación de los límites de estabilidad son aquellos que no hacen un buen uso de la información vestibular y visual.
Discusión / Conclusiones: Es importante analizar si el paciente usa correctamente la información vestibular para mantener el equilibrio y de no ser así, promover estrategias de rehabilitación para reducir el riesgo de caídas.
Transitivity Analysis Annotation Scheme and Its Application to CQPweb: A Study on Stephen King’s Carrie
Authors: Astriyanti Amanda Hanna , Prihantoro Prihantoro 
Published: October 2022

In this study, I aim to create a Transitivity Analysis Annotation Scheme (TAAS) within which, process types and clause patterns are taken into account. Once created, TAAS is applied to a corpus data, obtained from a novel entitled Carrie [8]. The scheme is manually implemented using XML format. The XML formatted corpus is converted to a format accepted in CQPweb [6], a corpus query tool. The corpus is tokenised using the Perl tokenizer, in TreeTagger [10]. Once tokenised, the corpus is tagged using English TreeTagger [10], which supplies two grammatical annotations (Part of Speech and Lemma). The annotated corpus is then indexed to CQPweb. Once indexed, users are able to search the annotated corpus using transitivity analytic labels, POS tags and lemma, in CQPweb. Keywords: transitivity analysis; annotation; corpus linguistics; CQPweb
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and photoprotective activities of aqueous extract of Euphorbia retusa Forssk. different parts from Algeria
Authors: LAHMADI Selwa , KECHEBAR Mohamed Seif Allah , KAROUNE Samira , BENSOUICI Chawki , GALI Lynda , KHATTABI Latifa , BOURAL Hasna , CHOUH Amina , SAAD Somia 
Published: October 2022

Euphorbia retusa is an endemic medicinal plant of Sahara. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Euphorbia retusa seed, capsule and leaves aqueous extracts as well as to evaluate the antioxidant and photoprotective activities. The correlations between these activities and the different contents were also performed. The antioxidant activity was estimated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS) scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, cupric-reducing activity (CUPRAC) and reducing power essays. In addition, the sun protection factor (SPF) was reported for the first time and measured according to the Mansur equation. Results showed that, seeds exhibit a higher total phenolics and flavonoids contents. This organ showed the highest capacity in DPPH (IC50 = 50.79 ± 1.87 µg ml-1), ABTS (IC50 < 6.25 µg ml-1), β-carotene bleaching (IC50 < 6.25 µg ml-1), reducing power (A0.50 = 6.97 ± 0.75µg ml-1) and CUPRAC (A0.50 = 7.64 ± 0.30µg ml-1) essays. Accordingly, seed extracts characterized by a high sun protection factor (SPF = 38.26 ± 0.07). Nevertheless, the Pearson correlation coefficients calculated show the highest positive correlation between total phenolic and flavonoids contents and photoprotective activity, while no correlations were found between SPF and other antioxidant activity. This plant could be used as alternative adjuncts in sunscreen product preparation.
Typographical iconicity and the communication of impressions: A relevance-theoretic perspective
Authors: William Pinder Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article studies the cognitive and communicative effects of typographical iconicity in poetry from the perspective of relevance theory. It argues that the visual aspect pertaining to an instance of typographical iconicity conveys a sensory impression, which perceptually resembles elements of the semantic material represented via the typographical iconicity’s lexical aspect. It is suggested that the non-propositional information relating to this impression can trigger the derivation of a wide array of weak implicatures which can combine to form an impressionistic and indeterminate cognitive state described within relevance theory as apoetic effect. Furthermore, since the added effort, which the typographical iconicity requires to be perceived and processed, is offset by the derived implicatures, the use of typographical iconicity may be said to produce anoptimally relevantlevel of processing.
Crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis[4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoato-κ1
N]zinc(II), C18H20ZnN6O8
Authors: Du Yu-Chang , Li Yan , Xiong Chen , Li Bin , Wei Hao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
C18H20ZnN6O8, Triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.1830(5) Å, b = 7.0301(6) Å, c = 12.1369(11) Å, α = 80.665(1)°, β = 87.976(2)°, γ = 72.051(1)°, V = 495.17(7) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt
(F) = 0.0495, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1243, T = 298.15 K.
Examination of Diurnal Variation and Sex Differences in Hippocampal Neurophysiology and Spatial Memory
Authors: Goode Lacy K. , Fusilier Allison R. , Remiszewski Natalie , Reeves Jacob M. , Abiraman Kavitha , Defenderfer Matthew , Paul Jodi R. , McMahon Lori L. , Gamble Karen L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCircadian rhythms are biological processes that cycle across 24 h and regulate many facets of neurophysiology, including learning and memory. Circadian variation in spatial memory task performance is well documented; however, the effect of sex across circadian time (CT) remains unclear. Additionally, little is known regarding the impact of time-of-day on hippocampal neuronal physiology. Here, we investigated the influence of both sex and time-of-day on hippocampal neurophysiology and memory in mice. Performance on the object location memory (OLM) task depended on both circadian time and sex, with memory enhanced at night in males but during the day in females. Long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) magnitude at CA3-CA1 synapses was greater at night compared with day in both sexes. Next, we measured spontaneous synaptic excitation and inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. Frequency and amplitude of inhibition was greater during the day compared with night, regardless of sex. Frequency and amplitude of excitation was larger in females, compared with males, independent of time-of-day, although both time-of-day and sex influenced presynaptic release probability. At night, CA1 pyramidal neurons showed enhanced excitability (action potential firing and/or baseline potential) that was dependent on synaptic excitation and inhibition, regardless of sex. This study emphasizes the importance of sex and time-of-day in hippocampal physiology, especially given that many neurologic disorders impacting the hippocampus are linked to circadian disruption and present differently in men and women. Knowledge about how sex and circadian rhythms affect hippocampal physiology can improve the translational relevancy of therapeutics and inform the appropriate timing of existing treatments.
Transcription Factor Hb9 Is Expressed in Glial Cell Lineages in the Developing Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Letchuman Sunjay , Tucker Ashley , Miranda Diego , Adkins Robert L. , Aceves Miriam , Dietz Valerie , Jagrit Vipin , Leonards Amy , Lee Young il , Dulin Jennifer N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHb9 (Mnx1) is a transcription factor described as a spinal cord motor neuron (MN)-specific marker and critical factor for the postmitotic specification of these cells. To date, expression of Hb9 in other cell types has not been reported. We performed a fate-mapping approach to examine distributions of Hb9-expressing cells and their progeny (“Hb9-lineage cells”) within the embryonic and adult spinal cord of Hb9cre;Ai14 mice. We found that Hb9-lineage cells are distributed in a gradient of increasing abundance throughout the rostrocaudal spinal cord axis during embryonic and postnatal stages. Furthermore, although the majority of Hb9-lineage cells at cervical spinal cord levels are MNs, at more caudal levels, Hb9-lineage cells include small-diameter dorsal horn neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system, we observed a similar phenomenon with more abundant Hb9-lineage Schwann cells in muscles of the lower body versus upper body muscles. We cultured spinal cord progenitorsin vitroand found that gliogenesis was increased by treatment with the caudalizing factor FGF-8B, while glial tdTomato expression was increased by treatment with both FGF-8B and GDF-11. Together, these observations suggest that early and transient expression of Hb9 in spinal cord neural progenitors may be induced by caudalizing factors such as FGF and GDF signaling. Furthermore, our work raises the possibility that early Hb9 expression may influence the development of spinal cord macroglia and Schwann cells, especially at caudal regions. Together, these findings highlight the importance of using caution when designing experiments using Hb9cremice to perform spinal cord MN-specific manipulations.