bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Large Anterior Skull Base Defects After Resection of Sinonasal Tumors With Intracranial Extension by Using Pedicled Double Flap Techniques
Authors: Ngo Cong Van , Nguyen Hoang , Aklinski Joseph , Minh Le Huu Nhat , Le Hoang Huy , Nguyen Khang Ngoc , Tran Uyen Hanh , Le Nhat , Huynh Le Phuong , Tran Truong Minh 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The use of surgical resection for large anterior skull base (ASB) tumors and sinonasal malignancies with intracranial extension will result in a large skull base defect. Reconstruction of large ASB defects using traditional techniques is high risk and may lead to postoperative cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leakage, meningitis, and an increase in mortality rate. The use of a pedicled double flap technique to reconstruct the ASB defect may decrease complications. This study presents the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent double flap reconstruction techniques after resection of their sinonasal malignancies with significant intracranial extension at Cho Ray hospital in Vietnam.

Methods:
The case series study was conducted at Cho Ray hospital from September 2010 to September 2020. All patients with large sinonasal malignancies that invaded intracranially underwent transnasal endoscopic surgery and subfrontal craniotomy. Reconstruction of large skull base defects (>2 cm) were followed up by using the pedicled double flaps technique. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval of the study was granted by the Independent Ethics Committee of Cho Ray Hospital (Date: March 3, 2014/No: 11/BVCRHĐĐĐ).

Results:
During September 2010 to September 2020, there were 75 patients who underwent a modified multilayer, double flap reconstruction technique after the resection of their ASB tumor. Skull base defects were commonly seen along the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone and the ethmoid roof (98.6%). Large skull base defects (>2 cm) accounted for 81.3% of cases. Overall, the risk of postoperative CSF leakage and meningitis after double flap repair was considerably low. Of all participants, only 1 experienced postoperative CSF leakage and 1 experienced postoperative meningitis. Despite the complications, these patients improved significantly and remained stable.

Conclusion:
The use of double vascularized pedicled flaps may decrease the incidence of postoperative CSF leakage and meningitis. This technique is an effective method for the reconstruction of ASB tumors with large defects.
Clinical and Endoscopic Consequences of Delay in Stent Exchange Procedures With ERCP During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Keskin Onur , Kav Taylan , Vahabov Cevansir , Usta Burcu , Sivri Bülent , Parlak Erkan 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures have been postponed as recommended by international guidelines. In this study, the results of biliary and pancreatic ERCP procedures that had to be postponed during the pandemic process were investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-seven patients whose stent exchange procedures with ERCP were postponed between March 2020 and June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. Patients were evaluated in 2 groups as delayed biliary procedures (n: 32) and delayed pancreatic procedures (n: 15). Clinical problems (biliary or pancreatic pain, itching, cholangitis, etc.) and technical problems encountered during the procedure (stent migration, abundant stone sludge in the bile ducts, etc.) were compared with 46 patients who could be treated without delay (39 interventions for the biliary system and seven interventions for the pancreas).

Findings:
Considering the procedures for the biliary system, there was no difference in age and sex between the groups. Although clinical problems in biliary procedures were more common in the group with delay than in those without delay, this difference was not significant (34% vs. 20%; P: 0.14). The technical problems encountered during the procedures in the group with delay were significantly higher than those without delay (21% vs. 2.5%; P: 0.019), with stent migration being the most common problem (n: 5). Age and sex did not differ in the patients who had pancreatic interventions with and without delay. The clinical problems that developed in the patients did not differ between the groups with and without delay (26% vs. 28%; P: 0.8). Although technical problems were encountered in 1 out of 15 patients in the group with delay, no technical problem was experienced in the group without delay (P: 0.68).

Conclusion:
Postponing elective ERCP procedures for the biliary system not for the pancreatic system during the COVID-19 pandemic brings technical problems.
Excess Mortality Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Clarke Jacob A. , Wiemken Timothy L. , Korenblat Kevin M. 
Published: August 2022

Background.
The COVID-19 pandemic is the first sustained respiratory disease pandemic to arise since the start of solid organ transplantation (SOT). Prior studies have demonstrated that SOT recipients are at greater risk for severe complications of infection and are less likely to respond to vaccination.

Methods.
The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients Standard Analysis Files was used to assess the cumulative excess mortality in SOT recipients during the first 20 mo of the pandemic.

Results.
Compared with excess mortality rates in the US population (25.9 deaths/10 000; confidence interval [CI], 10.9-41.1), the excess mortality per 10 000 was higher in all SOT groups: kidney (188.5; CI, 150.7-225.6), lung (173.6; CI, 17-334.7), heart (123.7; CI, 56-191.4), and liver (105.1; CI, 64.6-146). The higher rates persisted even with attempts to control for population age structure and renal allograft failure. Excess mortality was also higher in Black (236.8; CI, 186.1-287) and Hispanic (256.9; CI, 208.1-305.2) organ recipients compared with other racial and ethnic groups in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and compared with the Black and Hispanic populations in the United States.

Conclusions.
Studies of excess mortality provide insight into the health and survival of specialized populations like SOT recipients during major health events like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nutraceuticals in mood disorders: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Travica Nikolaj , Teasdale Scott , Marx Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
There is a large evidence base of clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of a range of nutraceuticals on mood disorders. The aim of the current review is to provide an update regarding the efficacy and safety of nutraceutical agents in mood disorders and to highlight considerations for future research.

Recent findings
Nutraceuticals such as omega-3, probiotics, zinc, saffron and curcumin have been recommended as adjunctive interventions to standard treatments for people with depression, while St John's wort has been recommended as a monotherapy. In contrast, less research has been devoted to investigating the effect of nutraceuticals in bipolar disorder, with omega-3 being weakly recommended as an adjunctive to standard treatments. Although the safety profile of most nutraceuticals appears acceptable, more insight into the long-term effects within a range of cohorts is recommended.

Summary
There are a number of nutraceuticals that have clinical trial support for their use as either adjunctive interventions for depression; however, there is mostly limited support for their use in bipolar disorder. Further randomized controlled trials that take into consideration a number of emerging mechanisms, potential nutraceutical combinations and factors that may predict treatment response are required to inform clinical use.
Substance Use and other Correlates of HIV infection among transwomen and men who have sex with men in Perú: Implications for Targeted HIV Prevention Strategies for Transwomen
Authors: Cyrus Elena , Lama Javier R. , Sanchez Jorge , Leon Segundo , Villaran Manuel V. , Vagenas Panagiotis , Sullivan Daniell S. , Vu David , Coudray Makella , Altice Frederick L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCharacterization of HIV risk factors among transwomen and men who have sex with men (MSM) should be assessed separately and independently. However, due to several constraints, these populations continue to be conflated in clinical research and data. There are limited datasets globally powered to make such comparisons. The study aimed to use one of the largest surveys of transwomen and MSM in Latin America to determine differences in HIV risk and related correlates between the two populations.MethodsSecondary data analysis was completed using a cross-sectional biobehavioral survey of 4413 MSM and 714 transwomen living in Perú. Chi Square analysis of selected HIV correlates was conducted to examine differences between transwomen and MSM. Additionally, stratified binary logistic regression was used to split data for further comparative analyses of correlates associated with transwomen and MSM separately.ResultsHIV prevalence among transwomen was two-fold greater than among MSM (14.9% vs. 7.0%, p<0.001). Transwomen had a higher prevalence of most HIV risk factors assessed, including presence of alcohol dependence (16.4% vs. 19.0%; p<.001) and drug use in the past 3 months (17.0% vs. 14.9%). MSM were more likely to use marijuana (68.0% vs. 50.0%, p<.001), and transwomen were more likely to engage in inhaled cocaine use (70.0% vs. 51.1%, p<.001). The regression exposed differences in correlates driving sub-epidemics in transwomen vs. MSM, with a trend of substance use increasing HIV risk for transwomen only.ConclusionsTranswomen were more likely to be HIV-infected and had different risk factors from MSM. Targeted prevention strategies are needed for transwomen that are at highest risk. Additionally, further research is needed to determine if these observations in Perú regarding substance use patterns and the role of substance use in HIV risk relate to other trans populations globally.
Detecting rapid pan-cortical voltage dynamics in vivo with a brighter and faster voltage indicator
Authors: Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Yunmiao , Liu Zhuohe , Gou Yueyang , Jaeger Dieter , St-Pierre François 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWidefield imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) is a promising approach for understanding the role of large cortical networks in the neural coding of behavior. However, the slow kinetics of current GEVIs limit their deployment for single-trial imaging of rapid neuronal voltage dynamics. Here, we developed a high-throughput platform to screen for GEVIs that combine fast kinetics with high brightness, sensitivity, and photostability under widefield one-photon illumination. Rounds of directed evolution produced JEDI-1P, a green-emitting fluorescent indicator whose performance is improved for all metrics. Next, we optimized a neonatal intracerebroventricular delivery method to achieve cost-effective and wide-spread JEDI-1P expression in mice. We also developed an approach to effectively correct optical measurements from hemodynamic and motion artifacts. Finally, we achieved stable brain-wide voltage imaging and successfully tracked gamma-frequency whisker and visual stimulations in awake mice in single trials, opening the door to investigating the role of high-frequency signals in brain computations.
Unusual Morphological Changes of Rugositalea oryzae, A Novel Wrinkled Bacterium Isolated from The Rice Rhizosphere, Under Nutrient Stress
Authors: Chung Young Ryun , Lee Jung Eun , Aslam Zubair , Chung Eu Jin , Lee Kwang Hee , Kang Byung Ho , Khan Ajmal , Niraula Sarbjeet , Chang Woo-Suk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacterial cell morphology might result from natural selection to gain a competitive advantage under environmentally stressful conditions such as nutrient limitation. A bacterial strain YC6860T isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.) showed pleomorphic behavior with smooth cell morphology and wrinkled surface rods depending upon nutritional conditions. Based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies, we hypothesized that the surface-to-volume ratio of cells increases with decreasing nutrient concentrations. The transition from smooth to wrinkled cell surface morphology could be one of the adaptation strategies by which YC6860T maximizes its ability to access available nutrients. To characterize the properties of the wrinkled strain, we performed taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the strain represented a novel, deep-rooting lineage within the order Rhizobiales with the highest similarity of 94.2% to Pseudorhodoplanes sinuspersici RIPI 110T. Whole genome sequencing was also performed to characterize its genetic features. The strain YC6860T might belong to a new genus, named Rugositalea, and a new species, named Rugositalea oryzae, In addition, taxonomic analysis showed that YC6860T is Gram-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped with large regular wrinkles resembling a delicate twist of fusilli, measuring 0.5-0.6 µm in width and 1.5-1.6 µm in length under nutrient-limiting conditions. This unique cell structure with regular rugosity could be the first finding that has not been reported in the existing bacterial morphology.
Regional and LTP-Dependent Variation of Synaptic Information Storage Capacity in Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Samavat Mohammad , Bartol Thomas M. , Bromer Cailey , Bowden Jared B. , Hubbard Dusten D. , Hanka Dakota C. , Kuwajima Masaaki , Mendenhall John M. , Parker Patrick H. , Abraham Wickliffe C. , Harris Kristen M. , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConnectomics is generating an ever-increasing deluge of data, which challenges us to develop new methods for analyzing and extracting insights from these data. We introduce here a powerful method for analyzing three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM) to measure synaptic information storage capacity (SISC) and apply it to data followingin vivolong-term potentiation (LTP). Connectomic researchers have focused on the pattern of connectivity between neurons. The strengths of synapses have also been studied by quantifying the sizes of synapses. Importantly, synapses from the same axon onto the same dendrite have a common history of coactivation, making them a candidate for measuring the precision of synaptic plasticity based on the similarity of their dimensions. Quantifying precision is fundamental to understanding information storage and retrieval in neural circuits. We quantify this precision with Shannon information theory, which is a more reliable estimate than prior analyses based on signal detection theory because there is no overlap between states, and outliers do not artificially bias the outcome. Spine head volumes are well correlated with other measures of synaptic weight, thus SISC can be determined by identifying the non-overlapping clusters of dendritic spine head volumes to determine the number of distinguishable synaptic weights. SISC analysis of spine head volumes in the stratum radiatum of hippocampal area CA1 revealed 24 distinguishable states (4.1 bits). In contrast, spine head volumes in the middle molecular layer of control dentate gyrus occupied only 5 distinguishable states (2 bits). Thus, synapses in different hippocampal regions had significantly different SISCs. Moreover, these were not fixed properties but increased by 30 min following induction of LTP in the dentate gyrus to occupy 10 distinguishable states (3 bits), and this increase lasted for at least 2 hours. We also observed a broader and nearly uniform distribution of spine head volumes across the increased number of states, suggesting the distribution evolved towards the theoretical upper bound of SISC following LTP. For dentate granule cells these findings show that the spine size range was broadened by the interplay among synaptic plasticity mechanisms. SISC provides a new analytical measure to probe these mechanisms in normal and diseased brains.
Efficient coding, channel capacity and the emergence of retinal mosaics
Authors: Jun Na Young , Field Greg D. , Pearson John M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmong the most striking features of retinal organization is the grouping of its output neurons, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), into a diversity of functional types. Each of these types exhibits a mosaic-like organization of receptive fields (RFs) that tiles the retina and visual space. Previous work has shown that many features of RGC organization, including the existence of ON and OFF cell types, the structure of spatial RFs, and their relative arrangement, can be predicted on the basis of efficient coding theory. This theory posits that the nervous system is organized to maximize information in its encoding of stimuli while minimizing metabolic costs. Here, we use efficient coding theory to present a comprehensive account of mosaic organization in the case of natural videos as the retinal channel capacity—the number of simulated RGCs available for encoding—is varied. We show that mosaic density increases with channel capacity up to a series of critical points at which, surprisingly, new cell types emerge. Each successive cell type focuses on increasingly high temporal frequencies and integrates signals over large spatial areas. In addition, we show theoretically and in simulation that a transition from mosaic alignment to anti-alignment across pairs of cell types is observed with increasing output noise and decreasing input noise. Together, these results offer a unified perspective on the relationship between retinal mosaics, efficient coding, and channel capacity that can help to explain the stunning functional diversity of retinal cell types.
Rejection of inappropriate synaptic partners mediated by transcellular FLRT2-UNC5 signaling
Authors: Prigge Cameron L. , Sharma Arsha , Dembla Mayur , El-Quessny Malak , Kozlowski Christopher , Paisley Caitlin E. , Johnson Tyler , Santina Luca Della , Feller Marla B. , Kay Jeremy N. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTDuring nervous system development, neurons choose synaptic partners with remarkable specificity; however, the cell-cell recognition mechanisms governing rejection of inappropriate partners remain enigmatic. Here we show that mouse retinal neurons avoid inappropriate partners using the FLRT2-UNC5 receptor-ligand system. Within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), FLRT2 is expressed by direction-selective (DS) circuit neurons, whereas UNC5C/D are expressed by non-DS neurons projecting to adjacent IPL sublayers. In vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrate that FLRT2-UNC5 binding eliminates growing DS dendrites that have strayed from the DS circuit IPL sublayers. Abrogation of FLRT2-UNC5 binding allows mistargeted arbors to persist, elaborate, and acquire synapses from inappropriate partners. Conversely, UNC5C misexpression within DS circuit sublayers inhibits dendrite growth and drives arbors into adjacent sublayers. Mechanistically, UNC5s promote dendrite elimination by interfering with FLRT2-mediated adhesion. Based on their broad expression, FLRT-UNC5 recognition is poised to exert widespread effects upon synaptic partner choices across the nervous system.
Evaluating Progress in Automatic Chest X-Ray Radiology Report Generation
Authors: Yu Feiyang , Endo Mark , Krishnan Rayan , Pan Ian , Tsai Andy , Reis Eduardo Pontes , Fonseca Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes , Ho Lee Henrique Min , Abad Zahra Shakeri Hossein , Ng Andrew Y. , Langlotz Curtis P. , Venugopal Vasantha Kumar , Rajpurkar Pranav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe application of AI to medical image interpretation tasks has largely been limited to the identification of a handful of individual pathologies. In contrast, the generation of complete narrative radiology reports more closely matches how radiologists communicate diagnostic information in clinical workflows. Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) on vision-language tasks has enabled the possibility of generating high-quality radiology reports from medical images. Automated metrics to evaluate the quality of generated reports attempt to capture overlap in the language or clinical entities between a machine-generated report and a radiologist-generated report. In this study, we quantitatively examine the correlation between automated metrics and the scoring of reports by radiologists. We analyze failure modes of the metrics, namely the types of information the metrics do not capture, to understand when to choose particular metrics and how to interpret metric scores. We propose a composite metric, called RadCliQ, that we find is able to rank the quality of reports similarly to radiologists and better than existing metrics. Lastly, we measure the performance of state-of-the-art report generation approaches using the investigated metrics. We expect that our work can guide both the evaluation and the development of report generation systems that can generate reports from medical images approaching the level of radiologists.
Development and validation of a dynamic prediction model for unplanned ICU admission and mortality in hospitalized patients
Authors: Placido Davide , Thorsen-Meyer Hans-Christian , Kaas-Hansen Benjamin Skov , Reguant Roc , Brunak Søren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrequent assessment of the severity of illness for hospitalized patients is essential in clinical settings to prevent outcomes such as in-hospital mortality and unplanned ICU admission. Classical severity scores have been developed typically using relatively few patient features, especially for intensive care. Recently, deep learning-based models demonstrated better individualized risk assessments compared to classic risk scores such as SOFA and NEWS, thanks to the use of aggregated and more heterogeneous data sources for dynamic risk prediction. We investigated to what extent deep learning methods can capture patterns of longitudinal change in health status using time-stamped data from electronic health records. We used medical history data, biochemical measurements, and the clinical notes from all patients admitted to non-intensive care units in 12 hospitals in Denmark’s Capital Region and Region Zealand during 2011-2016. Data from a total of 852,620 patients and 2,241,849 admissions were used to predict the composite outcome of unplanned ICU transfer and in-hospital death at different time points after admission to general departments. We subsequently examined feature interpretations of the models. The best model used all data modalities with an assessment rate of 6 hours and a prediction window of 14 days, with an AUPRC of 0.287 and AUROC of 0.898. These performances are comparable to the current state of the art and make the model suitable for further prospective validation as a risk assessment tool in a clinical setting.