bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpalmar Endoscopic versus Open Trigger Finger Release: Results from a Prospective Trial
Authors: Brown Ashley M. , Tanabe Kylie L. , DellaMaggiora Ryan J. , Tsai Eugene Y. , Kuschner Stuart H. , Kulber David A. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The most common complaint after open surgical release for trigger finger is of pain and scarring at the surgical site. We hypothesized that use of a new nonpalmar endoscopic approach for release of the A1 pulley through an incision at the proximal digital crease would result in decreased scarring and faster recovery compared to those treated with standard open release.

Methods:
Patients with trigger finger were prospectively enrolled and treated with a nonpalmar endoscopic versus open surgical technique. Outcome measures included scar assessment based on the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) administered 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively, time before return to work, occupational therapy visits, and overall satisfaction. Additional outcomes included pain medication use, operative time, and complication and recurrence rates.

Results:
POSAS scores were better in the endoscopic treatment group than in the open group at all time points with a statistically significant difference seen at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. The endoscopic group returned to work sooner, required fewer occupational therapy visits, and had better overall satisfaction compared to the open group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Complication and recurrence rates did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions:
Patients treated for trigger finger with a nonpalmar endoscopic release through an incision at the proximal digital crease demonstrate significantly better scarring in the early postoperative period compared to patients treated with the open surgical approach. Treatment for trigger finger with this technique is as effective as the standard open technique.
Reproducibility of sequential ambulatory blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurements in normotensive and hypertensive individuals
Authors: Keehn Louise , Hall Wendy L. , Berry Sarah E. , Sanders Thomas A.B. , Chowienczyk Phil , Floyd Christopher N. 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
Errors in blood pressure (BP) measurement account for a large proportion of misclassified hypertension diagnoses. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is often considered to be the gold standard for measurement of BP, but uncertainty remains regarding the degree of measurement error. The aim of this study was to determine reproducibility of sequential ABPM in a population of normotensive and well controlled hypertensive individuals.

Methods:
Individual participant data from three randomized controlled trials, which had recorded ABPM and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) at least twice were combined (n = 501). We calculated within-individual variability of daytime and night-time BP and compared the variability between normotensive (n = 324) and hypertensive (n = 177) individuals. As a secondary analysis, variability of PWV measurements was also calculated, and multivariable linear regression was used to assess characteristics associated with blood pressure variability (BPV).

Results:
Within-individual coefficient of variation (CoV) for systolic BP was 5.4% (day) and 7.0% (night). Equivalent values for diastolic BP were 6.1% and 8.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference in CoV was demonstrated between measurements for normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Within-individual CoV for PWV exceeded that of BP measurements (10.7%). BPV was associated with mean pressures, and BMI for night-time measurements. PWV was not independently associated with BPV.

Conclusion:
The variability of single ABPM measurements will still yield considerable uncertainty regarding true average pressures, potentially resulting in misclassification of hypertensive status and incorrect treatment regimes. Repeated ABPM may be necessary to refine antihypertensive therapy.
Development of epilepsy after recovery from posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with renal disease
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Kamei Koichi , Hayakawa Itaru , Abe Yuichi , Sato Mai , Ogura Masao , Ishikura Kenji , Ito Shuichi 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) generally shows complete recovery of clinical and imaging findings within several weeks, although a few cases show neurological sequelae, such as developmental delay and epilepsy after recovery from PRES.

Patient concerns:
We report 4 pediatric patients with renal diseases (nephrotic syndrome in 3 and renovascular hypertension in 1) who developed epilepsy after recovery from PRES. None of the patients had epilepsy before PRES. Case 1 developed focal-onset bilateral tonic-clonic seizures at 32 months after PRES. Case 2 developed focal impaired-awareness seizures with nausea and deviation of the eyes to the left at 62 months after PRES. Case 3 developed focal impaired-awareness seizures with vomiting at 85 months after PRES. Case 4 developed focal impaired-awareness seizures at 2 months after PRES. Three patients developed epilepsy more than 2 years later in the remote stage.

Diagnosis:
All cases developed recurrent seizures and electroencephalograms of 3 cases except case 3 were abnormal.

Intervention:
Three patients required anticonvulsants and 1 did not require any medication.

Outcomes:
Case 1 was treated with multiple anticonvulsants and became seizure free 2 years later. He was free from anticonvulsants finally at the age of 11 years and developed intellectual disability with severe behavioral problems. Case 2 was seizure free with levetiracetam treatment for more than 2 years. Case 3 maintained seizure freedom with carbamazepine treatment for more than a year. Case 4 had no seizures for more than 2 years without taking any medication. There was no complication in the follow-up period in these 3 cases.

Lessons:
Although the prognosis of PRES is relatively favorable, neurological sequelae may develop in few cases. Some patients may develop epilepsy in the remote stage even if they show no neurological sequelae. It is necessary for children who develop PRES to receive long-term observation, regardless of their neurological symptoms.
Fracture of the epidural catheter tip during epidural anesthesia
Authors: Abu-jajeh Ra’ed K. , Abu Seif Badie M. , Abu Serhan Hashem , Farooq Nudrat , Abdul Fatir Chaudhary , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab , Al-Tarawneh Shatha Atef , Yousaf Zohaib 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Epidural anesthesia is a neuraxial technique that is widely used for surgical, obstetric, and chronic pain management. It involves injecting an anesthetic material into the epidural space through the intervertebral space using an epidural needle. Epidural anesthesia may result in complications including epidural hematoma, epidural abscess, and shearing of the epidural catheter. Breakage of the tip of the epidural catheter is a rare complication.

Patient concerns:
A 27-year-old primigravid woman, previously well, was admitted for normal vaginal delivery, for which she received epidural analgesia. After delivery, the epidural catheter was removed and the tip was missing.

Diagnoses:
A neurosurgical consultation requested magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine with intravenous contrast. Magnetic resonance imaging failed to reveal any missing part.

Interventions:
A multidisciplinary team deferred surgical removal of the tip and followed-up with the patient.

Outcomes:
Weekly follow-up of 3 months showed no symptoms or neurological sequelae.

Conclusions:
Breakage of the epidural catheter tip is an infrequent complication of epidural anesthesia. An expert physician should insert or remove the epidural catheters. The decision between conservative and surgical management should be case-based, with open discussion with the patient.
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with multiple impacted teeth in a Japanese female
Authors: Ishikawa Jun , Suzuki Shusuke , Uchiyama Yumiko , Toyama Naoto , Nambu Kazuya , Sugimoto Keisuke , Fujimoto Takehiro 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare, benign, multifocal fibro-osseous dysplastic process affecting the tooth-bearing areas of the jaw. Although FCOD is often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaw, cases associated with impacted teeth are very rare. FCOD most commonly affects females in the fourth and fifth decades of life, and is seen less frequently in Asian populations.

Patient concerns:
A 39-year-old Japanese female was referred to our department with dull pain in region 28. Intraoral examination revealed that all third molars were completely impacted. Imaging findings revealed multiple periapical sclerotic areas surrounded by radiolucent zones in regions 28, 38, and 48.

Diagnosis:
Histological appearance was compatible with a diagnosis of FCOD.

Interventions:
Under general anesthesia, we performed the extraction of the lesions with the impacted third molars. The lesions were gritty and reddish brown, continuous to the roots of 28, 38, and 48.

Outcomes:
The patient had no complications during the 2-year follow-up period.

Lessons:
Although FCOD has sex and racial ubiquity, it may occur in the opposite sex and other races. Appropriate treatment should be selected depending on the presence or absence of symptoms.
Global perspectives on cellular therapy for children with sickle cell disease
Authors: John Tami D. , Namazzi Ruth , Chirande Lulu , Tubman Venée N. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), predominantly experience the burden of sickle cell disease (SCD). High frequency of acute and chronic complications leads to increased utilization of healthcare, which burdens fragile health systems. Mortality for children with limited healthcare access remains alarmingly high. Cellular based therapies such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are increasingly used in resource-rich settings as curative therapy for SCD. Broad access to curative therapies for SCD in SSA would dramatically alter the global impact of the disease.

Recent findings
Currently, application of cellular based therapies in LMICs is limited by cost, personnel, and availability of HSCT-specific technologies and supportive care. Despite the challenges, HSCT for SCD is moving forward in LMICs. Highly anticipated gene modification therapies have recently proven well tolerated and feasible in clinical trials in resource-rich countries, but access remains extremely limited.

Summary
Translation of curative cellular based therapies for SCD should be prioritized to LMICs where the disease burden and cost of noncurative treatments is high, and long-term quality of life is poor. Focus on thoughtful modifications of current and future therapies to meet the need in LMICs, especially in SSA, will be especially impactful.
“Long-term aesthetic and functional evaluation of intramuscular augmentation gluteoplasty with implants.”
Authors: de Andrade Gustavo M , Aboudib José H , Serra Fernando 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
The insertion of gluteal silicone implants by intramuscular technique leads patients to develop gluteus maximus muscle atrophy. The objective of the present study was to correlate the muscular atrophy of the gluteus maximus proportional to the volume of the silicone implants used. The secondary objectives were to assess volumetry of the gluteus maximus muscle in the late follow-up, positioning of the implants and to verify association between volumetric muscle recovery and practice of physical exercise.

Methods:
This is a prospective study. The sample was composed of 22 patients who were operated and followed up on an outpatient basis and through gluteus computed tomography in 3 different moments: pre-operative, 12-month post-operative and late post-operative (≥ 96 months).

Results:
Computed Tomography 3D reconstruction and volumetric analysis showed a median atrophy of 6.68% of the gluteus maximus muscle volume in 12 months and 7.47% in the late post-operative period. The correlation between relative volume of the implant and atrophy percentage of the gluteus maximus didn’t present statistically significant results. There was an association between the practice of physical exercise and volumetry recovery of the gluteus maximus. No patient presented gluteal implant rotation.

Conclusion:
There isn’t correlation between proportional volume of implants and atrophy percentage of gluteus maximus muscle, when using implants up to 400cm3. The gluteus maximus muscle presents atrophy in the late follow-up of augmentation gluteoplasty with implants surgery. There is recovery of muscle volumetry on the patients that practice physical activities. Intramuscular plane implants demonstrated stability in their long-term positioning.
Adipose-derived stem cells attenuate skin fibrosis and improve fat retention of localized scleroderma mouse model
Authors: Wang Hayson Chenyu , Sun Elliot Tianyu , Zhao Robert Chunhua , Chen Bo , Han Qin , Li Na , Long Xiao , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Though autologous fat grafting is a feasible surgical technique to improve facial deformity in patients with localized scleroderma, its success is limited by the low graft retention induced by the local inflammatory environment.

Objective:
To investigate the potential effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on skin fibrosis and fat retention in localized scleroderma mouse model.

Methods:
BALB/C nude mice which were induced by bleomycin to establish localized scleroderma model were randomly divided into five groups: blank control, fat grafting, low, moderate, and high dose of ASCs-assisted fat grafting. The mice's backs were subcutaneously injected with phosphate-buffered saline, or fat, or fat with low, moderate and high doses of ASCs (1×105/ml, 5 ×105/ml and 25×105/ml), respectively. The skin fibrosis and fat retention were analyzed after one month or three months, respectively.

Results:
Compared to disease model group, fat grafting group, as well as low, and moderate doses of ASCs-enriched groups, high-dose ASCs significantly attenuated skin fibrosis, inhibited the production of type III collagen and TGF-β1, increased fat graft retention, enhanced the expression of angiogenesis-related cytokines and angiogenesis, and increased the expression of adipogenesis-related cytokines.

Conclusions:
The results demonstrated that high-dose ASCs attenuated skin fibrosis and improved fat retention in localized scleroderma model by reducing inflammation as well as promoting angiogenesis and adipogenesis. We further demonstrated that ASCs enhanced adipogenesis through AKT/ERK signaling pathway.
Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites associated with bone mineral density in women with or at risk of HIV infection
Authors: Mei Zhendong , Yin Michael T. , Sharma Anjali , Wang Zheng , Peters Brandilyn A. , Chandran Aruna , Weber Kathleen M. , Ross Ryan D. , Gustafson Deborah , Zheng Yan , Kaplan Robert C. , Burk Robert D. , Qi Qibin 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To evaluate gut microbiota (GMB) alterations and metabolite profile perturbations associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in the context of HIV infection.

Design:
Cross-sectional studies of 58 women with chronic HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy and 33 women without HIV infection.

Methods:
We examined associations of GMB and metabolites with BMD among 91 women. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and T-scores of lumbar spine or total hip less than −1 defined low BMD. GMB was measured by 16S rRNA V4 region sequencing on fecal samples, and plasma metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Associations of GMB with plasma metabolites were assessed in a larger sample (418 women; 280 HIV+ and 138 HIV−).

Results:
Relative abundances of five predominant bacterial genera (Dorea, Megasphaera, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Mitsuokella) were higher in women with low BMD compared with those with normal BMD (all linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2.0). A distinct plasma metabolite profile was identified in women with low BMD, featuring lower levels of several metabolites belonging to amino acids, carnitines, caffeine, fatty acids, pyridines, and retinoids, compared with those with normal BMD. BMD-associated bacterial genera, especially Megasphaera, were inversely associated with several BMD-related metabolites (e.g. 4-pyridoxic acid, C4 carnitine, creatinine, and dimethylglycine). The inverse association of Megasphaera with dimethylglycine was more pronounced in women with HIV infection compared with those without HIV infection (P for interaction = 0.016).

Conclusion:
Among women with and at risk of HIV infection, we identified altered GMB and plasma metabolite profiles associated with low BMD.
Pediatric Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Consensus Conference Research Priorities
Authors: Russell Robert T. , Bembea Melania M. , Borgman Matthew A. , Burd Randall S. , Gaines Barbara A. , Jafri Mubeen , Josephson Cassandra D. , Leeper Christine M. , Leonard Julie C. , Muszynski Jennifer A. , Nicol Kathleen K. , Nishijima Daniel K. , Stricker Paul A. , Vogel Adam M. , Wong Trisha E. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents. Hemorrhagic shock remains a common and preventable cause of death in the pediatric trauma patients. A paucity of high-quality evidence is available to guide specific aspects of hemorrhage control in this population. We sought to identify high priority research topics for the care of pediatric trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock.

Methods
A panel of 16 consensus multidisciplinary committee members from the Pediatric Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Consensus Conference developed research priorities for addressing knowledge gaps in the care of injured children and adolescents in hemorrhagic shock. These ideas were informed by a systematic review of topics in this area and a discussion of these areas in the consensus conference. Research priorities were synthesized along themes and prioritized by anonymous voting.

Results
Eleven research priorities were identified by the consensus committee that warrant additional investigation. Areas of proposed study included well-designed clinical trials and evaluations, including increasing the speed and accuracy of identifying and treating hemorrhagic shock, defining the role of whole blood and tranexamic acid use, and assessment of the utility and appropriate use of viscoelastic techniques during early resuscitation. The committee recommended the need to standardize essential definitions, data elements, and data collection to facilitate research in this area.

Conclusions
Research gaps remain in many areas related to the care of hemorrhagic shock after pediatric injury. Addressing these gaps is needed to develop improved evidence-based recommendations for the care of pediatric trauma patients in hemorrhagic shock.

Level of Evidence
N/A
Early Growth Assessment of Treculia africana Seedlings Influenced by Different Light Intensities and Mycorrhizal Inoculation
Authors: Ayomide Oyefara , Yisau Juliet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLight is essential for plant growth. The rate at which a plant grows depends on the light it receives. This study was carried out to observe the growth of Treculia africana seedlings under different light intensities (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) and mycorrhiza inoculation (Ectomycorrhiza, Endomycorrhiza, and topsoil {control}) with five replicates in each treatment. The experiment was laid out in a 3×4 factorial in CRD, and data were collected fortnightly for twelve (12) weeks. Data were subjected to analysis of variance in SAS, and the significant mean was separated using Fisher’s LSD. The result showed that the seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal had the highest plant height (15.08), leaf area (26.90), number of leaves (5.75), collar diameter (2.61), fresh shoot weight (3.86), root weight (3.86), fresh weight (7.44), dry root weight (1.53), dry weight (2.87), absolute growth rate (0.34) and relative growth rate (0.39) which was significantly different from other treatment. Seedlings exposed to 75% and 25% light intensity had the highest performances compared to seedlings exposed to different light intensities. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the seedlings’ physiological variables assessed under the interaction of different light intensities and mycorrhiza inoculation. The seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal and raised in 25% light intensity had the overall highest performance in all the growth variables assessed. Therefore, this study recommends raising Treculia africana seedlings with the inoculation of ectomycorrhizal and under shade to enhance early growth and massive nursery production.
Octopamine metabolically reprograms astrocytes to confer neuroprotection against α-synuclein
Authors: Shum Andrew , Zaichick Sofia , McElroy Gregory S. , D’Alessandro Karis , Novakovic Michaela , Peng Wesley , Chung Daayun , Flanagan Margaret E. , Smith Roger , Morales Alejandro , Stumpf Laetitia , McGrath Kaitlyn , Krainc Dimitri , Mendillo Marc L. , Prakriya Murali , Chandel Navdeep S. , Caraveo Gabriela 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTOctopamine is a well-established invertebrate neurotransmitter involved in fight-or-flight responses. In mammals, its function was replaced by norepinephrine. Nevertheless, it is present at trace amounts and can modulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters by a yet unidentified mechanism. Here, through a multidisciplinary approach utilizingin vitroandin vivomodels of α-synucleinopathy, we uncovered an unprecedented role for octopamine in driving the conversion from toxic to neuroprotective astrocytes in the cerebral cortex by fostering aerobic glycolysis. Physiological levels of neuron-derived octopamine act on astrocytes via a TAAR1-Orai1-Ca2+-calcineurin-mediated signaling pathway to stimulate lactate secretion. Lactate uptake in neurons via the MCT2-calcineurin-dependent pathway increases ATP and prevents neurodegeneration. Pathological increases of octopamine caused by α-synuclein halts lactate production in astrocytes and short-circuits the metabolic communication to neurons. Our work provides a novel function of octopamine as a modulator of astrocyte metabolism and subsequent neuroprotection with implications to α-synucleinopathies.