bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment and characteristics of participants in trials of physical activity for adults aged 45 years and above in general practice: a systematic review
Authors: McNamara Richard , Davy Kimberly , Niranjan Vikram , O’Regan Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeneral practice is well situated to promote physical activity (PA), but with PA levels declining after 45 years of age, often those who are most likely to benefit from interventions tend to be the least likely recruited to participate in research.Aims and rationaleThe aim of this study was to investigate recruitment and reporting of participant demographics in PA trials for adults aged 45 years and above. Specific objectives were: (i) to examine the reporting of demographics of participants; (ii) to investigate the strategies used to recruit these participants; and, (iii) to examine the efficiency of recruitment strategies.MethodsSeven databases were searched, including: PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Only randomized control trials involving adults 45 years old or older recruited through primary care were included. The PRISMA framework for systematic review was followed, which involved 2 researchers independently conducting title, abstract, and full article screening. Tools for data extraction and synthesis were adapted from previous work on inclusivity in recruitment.ResultsThe searches retrieved 3,491 studies of which 12 were included for review. Sample size of the studies ranged from 31 to 1,366, with a total of 6,042 participants of which 57% were female. Of 101 participating practices, 1 was reported as rural. Reporting of recruitment lacked detail—only 6 studies outlined how practices were recruited. 11/12 studies involved a database or chart review to identify participants that met the inclusion criteria, followed by a letter of invitation sent to those people. The studies with higher recruitment efficiency ratios each employed more than 1 recruitment strategy, e.g. opportunistic invitations and telephone calls.ConclusionThis systematic review has presented deficits in the reporting of both demographics and recruitment. Future research should aim for a standardized approach to reporting.
Awareness of India’s national health insurance scheme (PM-JAY): a cross-sectional study across six states
Authors: Parisi Diletta , Srivastava Swati , Parmar Divya , Strupat Christoph , Brenner Stephan , Walsh Caitlin , Neogi Rupak , Basu Sharmishtha , Ziegler Susanne , Jain Nishant , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe literature suggests that a first barrier towards accessing benefits of health insurance in low- and middle-income countries is lack of awareness of one’s benefits. Yet, across settings and emerging schemes, limited scientific evidence is available on levels of awareness and their determinants. To fill this gap, we assessed socio-demographic and economic determinants of beneficiaries’ awareness of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), the national health insurance scheme launched in India in 2018, and their awareness of own eligibility. We relied on cross-sectional household (HH) survey data collected in six Indian states between 2019 and 2020. Representative data of HHs eligible for PM-JAY from 11 618 respondents (an adult representative from each surveyed HH) were used. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models to explore the association between awareness of PM-JAY and of one’s own eligibility and socio-economic and demographic characteristics. About 62% of respondents were aware of PM-JAY, and among the aware, 78% knew that they were eligible for the scheme. Regression analysis confirmed that older respondents with a higher educational level and salaried jobs were more likely to know about PM-JAY. Awareness was lower among respondents from Meghalaya and Tamil Nadu. Respondents from Other Backward Classes, of wealthier socio-economic status or from Meghalaya or Gujarat were more likely to be aware of their eligibility status. Respondents from Chhattisgarh were less likely to know about their eligibility. Our study confirms that while more than half of the eligible population was aware of PM-JAY, considerable efforts are needed to achieve universal awareness. Socio-economic gradients confirm that the more marginalized are still less aware. We recommend implementing tailored, state-specific information dissemination approaches focusing on knowledge of specific scheme features to empower beneficiaries to demand their entitled services.
Inflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier in Depression: Interaction ofCLDN5andIL6Gene Variants in Stress-Induced Depression
Authors: Gal Zsofia , Torok Dora , Gonda Xenia , Eszlari Nora , Anderson Ian Muir , Deakin Bill , Juhasz Gabriella , Bagdy Gyorgy , Petschner Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from rodents indicated that after recent stress, reduced expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 may weaken the blood-brain barrier and allow interleukin-6 to induce depressive symptoms. Our aims were to prove this pathomechanism in humans.MethodsWe used a large population genetic database (UK Biobank, n = 277 501) to test whether variation in the CLDN5 gene could modulate effects of the IL6 gene variant in stress-induced depression. Three-way interaction of functional polymorphisms, rs885985 of CLDN5, and rs1800795 of IL6 with recent stressful life events were tested on current depressive symptoms. Analyses were performed in male and female populations as well.ResultsThe 3-way interaction including recent stress yielded highly significant results on current depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank sample, which was more pronounced in men and could be replicated on trend level in an independent cohort (NewMood, n = 1638). None of any other associations or interactions, including, for example, childhood stressors and lifetime depression as an outcome, yielded significance.ConclusionsThese findings provide genetic evidence in humans for the interaction among interleukin-6, claudin-5, and recent stress, suggesting that inflammation is involved in the development of depression and that stress-connected brain entry of inflammatory molecules is a key factor in this pathomechanism. These genetic polymorphisms may help to identify people at higher risk for recent stress-induced depression.
hp-FEM for reaction–diffusion equations. II: robust exponential convergence for multiple length scales in corner domains
Authors: Banjai Lehel , Melenk Jens M , Schwab Christoph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In bounded, polygonal domains $\varOmega \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^2$ with Lipschitz boundary $\partial \varOmega $ consisting of a finite number of Jordan curves admitting analytic parametrizations, we analyze $hp$-FEM discretizations of linear, second-order, singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion equations on so-called geometric boundary layer meshes. We prove, under suitable analyticity assumptions on the data, that these $hp$-FEM afford exponential convergence in the natural ‘energy’ norm of the problem, as long as the geometric boundary layer mesh can resolve the smallest length scale present in the problem. Numerical experiments confirm the robust exponential convergence of the proposed $hp$-FEM.
Promoting Learning about Precarity and Resilience in War: Virtual Encounters between Afghan and American Students in International Studies Courses
Authors: Cromwell Alexander , Miyashiro Saaya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
International studies students are often interested in understanding contexts of conflict and war and working with affected populations. Although various research has assessed different pedagogical tools for increasing students’ understanding of war experiences and reducing the perceived distance between such populations, virtual encounters are an understudied means for achieving these aims. This article examines how a US international studies course integrated virtual dialogue sessions with Afghan students to reduce the distance between Americans and Afghans. Accordingly, we conducted pre- and post-surveys and interviews, engaged in participant observation, and analyzed reflection papers to understand how US students’ views transformed from the program. We find that American students learned about the precarity and resilience of Afghans and recognized their humanity. Moreover, participants developed outgroup trust, reduced intergroup anxiety, and in some cases developed empathy for the other group. Students experienced these shifts despite technological and logistical challenges, a language barrier, and the power imbalance, which led to ethical concerns for program instructors. Thus, we argue that virtual encounters can be an effective pedagogical tool for reducing distance between international studies students and war-affected populations and helping them to connect across group differences despite the inherent challenges in such programs.
A framework for improving wheat spike development and yield based on the master regulatory TOR and SnRK gene systems
Authors: Flavell Richard B 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe low rates of yield gain in wheat breeding programs create an ominous situation for the world. Amongst the reasons for this low rate are issues manifested in spike development that result in too few spikelets, fertile florets, and therefore grains being produced. Phases in spike development are particularly sensitive to stresses of various kinds and origins, and these are partly responsible for the deficiencies in grain production and slow rates of gain in yield. The diversity of developmental processes, stresses, and the large numbers of genes involved make it particularly difficult to prioritize approaches in breeding programs without an overarching, mechanistic framework. Such a framework, introduced here, is provided around the master regulator target of rapamycin and sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase complexes and their control by trehalose-6-phosphate and other molecules. Being master regulators of the balance between growth and growth inhibition under stress, these provide genetic targets for creating breakthroughs in yield enhancement. Examples of potential targets and experimental approaches are described.
Protection of the human gene research literature from contract cheating organizations known as research paper mills
Authors: Byrne Jennifer A , Park Yasunori , Richardson Reese A K , Pathmendra Pranujan , Sun Mengyi , Stoeger Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human gene research generates new biology insights with translational potential, yet few studies have considered the health of the human gene literature. The accessibility of human genes for targeted research, combined with unreasonable publication pressures and recent developments in scholarly publishing, may have created a market for low-quality or fraudulent human gene research articles, including articles produced by contract cheating organizations known as paper mills. This review summarises the evidence that paper mills contribute to the human gene research literature at scale and outlines why targeted gene research may be particularly vulnerable to systematic research fraud. To raise awareness of targeted gene research from paper mills, we highlight features of problematic manuscripts and publications that can be detected by gene researchers and/or journal staff. As improved awareness and detection could drive the further evolution of paper mill-supported publications, we also propose changes to academic publishing to more effectively deter and correct problematic publications at scale. In summary, the threat of paper mill-supported gene research highlights the need for all researchers to approach the literature with a more critical mindset, and demand publications that are underpinned by plausible research justifications, rigorous experiments and fully transparent reporting.
A superior gene allele involved in abscisic acid signaling enhances drought tolerance and yield in chickpea
Authors: Thakro Virevol , Malik Naveen , Basu Udita , Srivastava Rishi , Narnoliya Laxmi , Daware Anurag , Varshney Nidhi , Mohanty Jitendra K , Bajaj Deepak , Dwivedi Vikas , Tripathi Shailesh , Jha Uday Chand , Dixit Girish Prasad , Singh Ashok K , Tyagi Akhilesh K , Upadhyaya Hari D , Parida Swarup K 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdentifying potential molecular tags for drought tolerance is essential for achieving higher crop productivity under drought stress. We employed an integrated genomics-assisted breeding and functional genomics strategy involving association mapping, fine mapping, map-based cloning, molecular haplotyping and transcript profiling in the introgression lines (ILs)- and near isogenic lines (NILs)-based association panel and mapping population of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). This combinatorial approach delineated a bHLH (basic helix–loop–helix) transcription factor, CabHLH10 (Cicer arietinum bHLH10) underlying a major QTL, along with its derived natural alleles/haplotypes governing yield traits under drought stress in chickpea. CabHLH10 binds to a cis-regulatory G-box promoter element to modulate the expression of RD22 (responsive to desiccation 22), a drought/abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene (via a trans-expression QTL), and two strong yield-enhancement photosynthetic efficiency (PE) genes. This, in turn, upregulates other downstream drought-responsive and ABA signaling genes, as well as yield-enhancing PE genes, thus increasing plant adaptation to drought with reduced yield penalty. We showed that a superior allele of CabHLH10 introgressed into the NILs improved root and shoot biomass and PE, thereby enhancing yield and productivity during drought without compromising agronomic performance. Furthermore, overexpression of CabHLH10 in chickpea and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) conferred enhanced drought tolerance by improving root and shoot agro-morphological traits. These findings facilitate translational genomics for crop improvement and the development of genetically tailored, climate-resilient, high-yielding chickpea cultivars.
Senescent stroma induces nuclear deformations in cancer cells via the inhibition of RhoA/ROCK/myosin II-based cytoskeletal tension
Authors: Aifuwa Ivie , Kim Byoung Choul , Kamat Pratik , Starich Bartholomew , Agrawal Anshika , Tanrioven Derin , Luperchio Teresa R , Valencia Angela M Jimenez , Perestrelo Tania , Reddy Karen , Ha Taekjip , Philip Jude M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The presence of senescent cells within tissues has been functionally linked to malignant transformations. Here, using tension-gauge tethers technology, particle-tracking microrheology, and quantitative microscopy, we demonstrate that senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) derived from senescent fibroblasts impose nuclear lobulations and volume shrinkage on malignant cells, which stems from the loss of RhoA/ROCK/myosin II-based cortical tension. This loss in cytoskeletal tension induces decreased cellular contractility, adhesion, and increased mechanical compliance. These SASP-induced morphological changes are, in part, mediated by Lamin A/C. These findings suggest that SASP induces defective outside-in mechanotransduction from actomyosin fibers in the cytoplasm to the nuclear lamina, thereby triggering a cascade of biophysical and biomolecular changes in cells that associate with malignant transformations.
Malaria absorption peaks acquired through the skin of patients with infrared light can detect patients with varying parasitemia
Authors: Garcia Gabriela A , Kariyawasam Tharanga N , Lord Anton R , da Costa Cristiano Fernandes , Chaves Lana Bitencourt , Lima-Junior Josué da Costa , Maciel-de-Freitas Rafael , Sikulu-Lord Maggy T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To eliminate malaria, scalable tools that are rapid, affordable, and can detect patients with low parasitemia are required. Non-invasive diagnostic tools that are rapid, reagent-free, and affordable would also provide a justifiable platform for testing malaria in asymptomatic patients. However, non-invasive surveillance techniques for malaria remain a diagnostic gap. Here, we show near-infrared Plasmodium absorption peaks acquired non-invasively through the skin using a miniaturized hand-held near-infrared spectrometer. Using spectra from the ear, these absorption peaks and machine learning techniques enabled non-invasive detection of malaria-infected human subjects with varying parasitemia levels in less than 10 s.
Sense Perception and Mereological Nihilism
Authors: Brenner Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the debate over the existence of composite objects, it is sometimes suggested that perceptual evidence justifies belief in composite objects. But it is almost never suggested that we are perceptually justified in believing in composite objects on the basis of the fact that the phenomenology of our perceptual experiences enables us to discriminate between situations where there are composite objects and situations where there are merely simples arranged composite object-wise. But while the thought that the phenomenology of our perceptual experiences cannot enable us to discriminate between situations where there are composite objects and situations where there are merely simples arranged composite object-wise is commonly taken for granted, it requires some defence, both in light of its importance in shaping the debate and in light of its recently coming under attack by a prominent philosopher of perception. In this paper, I offer such a defence.
Gender gaps in power and control within jobs
Authors: Fana Marta , Villani Davide , Bisello Martina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the gender differences in the tasks performed at the workplace using individual-level data representative of the French working population. In particular, we are interested in exploring gender gaps in power and control. Our findings reveal that, within the same job, women tend on average to be subjected to more forms of control than men even controlling for a wide set of supply-side characteristics, such as education, age and seniority. Moreover, these gender differences often exacerbate within male-dominated jobs, although they do not necessarily disappear as the share of women increases. We conclude that, within the same job, in the French labour market women tend to be in a more subordinated position compared with men.
Insufficient sleep predicts poor weight loss maintenance after 1 year
Authors: Bogh Adrian F , Jensen Simon B K , Juhl Christian R , Janus Charlotte , Sandsdal Rasmus M , Lundgren Julie R , Noer Mikkel H , Vu Nhu Q , Fiorenza Matteo , Stallknecht Bente M , Holst Jens J , Madsbad Sten , Torekov Signe S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Insufficient sleep may attenuate weight loss, but the role of sleep in weight loss maintenance is unknown. Since weight regain after weight loss remains a major obstacle in obesity treatment, we investigated whether insufficient sleep predicts weight regain during weight loss maintenance.

Methods
In a randomized, controlled, two-by-two factorial study, 195 adults with obesity completed an 8-week low-calorie diet and were randomly assigned to 1-year weight loss maintenance with or without exercise and liraglutide 3.0 mg/day or placebo. Sleep duration and quality were measured before and after the low-calorie diet and during weight maintenance using wrist-worn accelerometers (GENEActiv) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To test associations between insufficient sleep and weight regain, participants were stratified at randomization into subgroups according to sleep duration (&lt;/≥6 h/night) or sleep quality (PSQI score ≤/&gt;5).

Results
After a diet-induced 13.1 kg weight loss, participants with short sleep duration at randomization regained 5.3 kg body weight (p = .0008) and had less reduction in body fat percentage compared with participants with normal sleep duration (p = .007) during the 1-year weight maintenance phase. Participants with poor sleep quality before the weight loss regained 3.5 kg body weight compared with good quality sleepers (p = .010). During the weight maintenance phase, participants undergoing liraglutide treatment displayed increased sleep duration compared with placebo after 26 weeks (5 vs. −15 min/night) but not after 1 year. Participants undergoing exercise treatment preserved the sleep quality improvements attained from the initial weight loss.

Conclusions
Short sleep duration or poor sleep quality was associated with weight regain after weight loss in adults with obesity.
Paradoxical effects from stimulus density manipulation provide new insight into the impact of sleep deprivation on PVT performance
Authors: Honn Kimberly A , Van Dongen Hans P A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), a 10-min one-choice reaction time task with random response-stimulus intervals (RSIs) between 2 and 10 s, is highly sensitive to behavioral alertness deficits due to sleep loss. To investigate what drives the performance deficits, we conducted an in-laboratory total sleep deprivation (TSD) study and compared performance on the PVT to performance on a 10-min high-density PVT (HD-PVT) with increased stimulus density and truncated RSI range between 2 and 5 s. We hypothesized that the HD-PVT would show greater impairments from TSD than the standard PVT.Methodsn = 86 healthy adults were randomized (2:1 ratio) to 38 h of TSD (n = 56) or corresponding well-rested control (n = 30). The HD-PVT was administered when subjects had been awake for 34 h (TSD group) or 10 h (control group). Performance on the HD-PVT was compared to performance on the standard PVTs administered 1 h earlier and 1 h later.ResultsThe HD-PVT yielded approximately 60% more trials than the standard PVT. The HD-PVT had faster mean response times (RTs) and equivalent lapses (RTs &gt; 500 ms) compared to the standard PVT, with no differences between the TSD effects on mean RT and lapses between tasks. Further, the HD-PVT had a dampened time-on-task effect in both the TSD and control conditions.ConclusionsContrary to expectation, the HD-PVT did not show greater performance impairment during TSD, indicating that stimulus density and RSI range are not primary drivers of the PVT’s responsiveness to sleep loss.
A moderated serial mediation analysis of the association between HIV stigma and sleep quality in people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Taiyi , Jianhua Hou , Wei Jiaqi , Mu Tingting , Zhu Guanlin , Wang Xiuwen , Qu Diyang , Wu Hao , Zhang Tong , Su Bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the wide use of antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV (PLWH), the mortality and morbidity rates among this community are dramatically decreasing. However, sleep disorder is still one of the prominent health issues among PLWH, and it lowers their quality of life. Although we already know the potential biological pathway that links poor sleep quality among PLWH, the potential contribution of the psychosocial pathway (e.g., stigma) is far from understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential serial mediating effects (HIV stigma-loneliness-depression-sleep quality) and potential moderating effects of perceived social support. We recruited a consecutive sample of 139 participants from voluntary counseling testing (VCT) clinics of Beijing Youan Hospital and participant referrals. Then, we used serial mediation models and moderated serial mediation models to fit our data. We found significant serial mediation effects between three types of HIV stigma (enacted, anticipated, and internalized) and sleep quality via depression and loneliness. Perceived social support also significantly moderated this serial mediation between enacted stigma, internalized stigma, and sleep quality. Our results highlight the potential role of perceived social support in moderating the negative effects of enacted and internalized stigma on sleep quality and identify potential psychosocial pathways.