bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Spotted Spider Mite Control on Greenhouse Ornamentals, Georgia, 1978-79
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaracides were evaluated for efficacy in con-trolling two-spotted spider mites on impatiens. Ten different chemical treatments, including 6 different compounds, were tested. Test plants were maintained in 115 mm sq pots on raised greenhouse benches at the GA Exper Sta. Each treatment consisted of 1 plant, treatments were randomized, and were replicated 4 fimes on Dec 14'78 and 5 fimes on Aug 29'79. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off utilizing a hand CO2 sprayer at 35 psi and an 8003 nozzle. Greenhouse temperatures at application time were 21 C on Dec 14 and 30 C on Aug 29. Mite counts were made before application and at 2 days and 7-day intervals following application by removing 2 mature leaves from each plant and counting the number of mites (adult and immatures) and eggs on the lower surface of each leaf.
Pyracantha, Hawthorn Lace Bug Control, 1979
Authors: Manuel Kenneth L. , Bedwell Norman J. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-one 4-5 ft Pyracantha plants infested with hawthorn lace bug were selected for treatment. Plants are part of an ornamental planting along a campus sidewalk. The lace bug population consisted predominately of winged adults. Lace bug counts were made by striking limbs above a hand held 8 1/2 × 11 sheet of white paper attached to a clipboard. All live lace bugs landing on the paper were counted. Each test material was applied to 3 plants which were used as treatment replicates. A single foliar application of the test materials was made on Jun 15'79. Each plant was sprayed to runoff with compressed air sprayers. Control plants were sprayed with water. Counts were taken of live lace bugs 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Check counts were made on three control plants.
Taxus, Black Vine Weevil Control, Wooster ,Ohio, 1979
Authors: Dunlap M. J. , Nielsen D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of insecticides for control of black vine weevil adults was evaluated by laboratory bioassay of foliar residues collected from the field at specified intervals after spraying. Finished sprays were applied to runoff with a CO2 com-pression sprayer operating at 40 psi with a TeeJet SS8004 flat fan nozzle on Sept 10'79 under sunny skies at 24-27° C with a slight breeze (6-10 kilometers/ hr). Small sections (0.5-1.0 m wide) of 3+ m tall taxus, growing in the Secrest Arboretum at the OARDC, were thoroughly sprayed with each candidate treat-ment. One day later, 3 10-15 cm twigs were clipped from each treatment section and placed in individual 9 × 16 cm cylindrical paper cartons fitted with a fine-mesh, cloth lid. Three cartons were used per treatment, ea. containing five ovipositing weevils; containers were held at ca. 22° C, 15 hr light/day, and ambient humidity. All weevils used in the bioassay were collected from beneath taxus plants at a location near downtown Wooster, and held in a rearing room with fresh taxus foliage at 22° C and 90% RH. Additional bioassays were conducted at intervals given in Table 1. Mortality was assessed 72 hr after caging weevils with treated foliage.
Control of Eriophyid Mites on Cottonwood With Foliar Sprays, 1979
Authors: Newsome L. , Solomon J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates of three insecticides�Sevin, Kelthane, and Dursban-were tested against mites in a cottonwood nursery at Stoneville, Mississippi. Trees were in their 1st growing season and 1.8 to 3.0 m (6-10 ft) tall. Spacing was 1.1 m (3-1/2 ft) between rows and 0.9 m (3 ft) between trees. Five mite-infested trees were selected at random for each treatment and untreated check. We made foliar applications using a 7.6-litre (2-gal) hand sprayer calibrated at 1.4 kg pressure/cm2 (20 lb/in2) to deliver 102.9 litre finished spray per hectare (11 gal/acre). To evaluate treatment effectiveness, we randomly sampled 2 or 3 leaves from the terminal 46 cm (18 in) of each tree 48 h after treat-ment. Sample leaves were placed in petri dishes, taken to the laboratory, and immediately examined under a binocular scope. AM dead and living mites on each leaf were counted.
Control of Sping Cankerworms on Black Jack Oak, 1979
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spring cankerworm control was evaluated using seven insecticides in two separate tests between Apr 25 and May 5'79. Black Jack oaks 15 to 25 feet high were utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated three times. Sufficient distance was maintained between tests to avoid spray drift. Ail treatments were made with a John Bean 55 sprayer and a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet No. 43, which delivered 3.2 gal/min at 300 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Temperature and wind velocity at time of treatments were 68°F, 9 mph and 72°F and 7 mph respectively for Test 1 and 2. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were determined by counting larvae from ten randomly selected 2 ft terminal sections of twigs on each tree. The twig samples were from 4 to approximately 20 ft above ground level.
Ontrol of Grasshoppers on Rangeland With Bendiocarb, 1979
Authors: Mazuranich Philip C. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The 50% Flowable formulation was applied to 10-acre plots in 30-foot swaths with a modified John Blue Low Volume Sprayer (John Blue Company, Huntsville, AL) mounted on a 3/4 ton 4-wheel-drive truck. Three dosages were applied, each in 32 fluid ounces of water per acre, and were compared to a standard ULV treatment of 8 fluid oz of 95% technical malathion. All treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied July 18-22 near Three Forks, Montana. The species listed above comprised 70,12,5,4,4, and 2 percent of the infestation, respectively, with only 7.5 percent being adults. Five other species comprised less than 1.0 percent each of the infestation. Prerreatments densities ranged from 1.6 to 5.2/sq yd. Mortality was determined at 3-, 5-, 7-, and 14-day intervals by counting with a pointer the number of grasshoppers in 50 estimated 1 sq yd quadrates per plot. Data for each interval were corrected by Abbott's formula for mortality in untreated control plots and were subjected to analyses of variance.
Remote Sensing and its Potential Role in Pest Management
Authors: Blazquez C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Remote sensing is the acquisition of data by electronic or photographic systems not in direct contact with objects or phenomena under study (5, 6 and 7). Remote sensing can best be compared with surveillance or the monitoring of events which can be documented by photographic, electronic, or hybrid photoelectronic systems (8). Remote sensing involves the manipulation of remote sensing systems and knowledge of the electromagnetic spectrum and its component energy parts and their role in radiance, reflectance, absorption, and emission (7 and 8) . There are advantages to different types of both photographic and electronic systems or their hybrid conbinations. It is necessary to study and gather all parameters involved in a study to determine the trade-off necessary to use a specific system or combination for each case at a minimum cost that will give maximum benefit.
Efficacy of Soil-Injecting A Systemic Insecticide for Controlling Two Armored Scales on Hemlock, 1979
Authors: McClure Mark S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of a single soil-injection with the foliar systemic insecticide, Cygon 400, for controlling two hemlock scales having different seasonal histories were conducted at two residential sites in New Haven County, Conn. At one site in New Haven 10 ornamental eastern hemlocks were heavily infested with the elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa, while at the other site in Hamden 10 ornamental Carolina hemlocks were heavily infested with a circular hemlock scale, Tsugaspidiotus tsugae. Trees at both sites were of similar height (6-7m) and DBH (9-10cm). On June 28, one week after peak abundance of F. externa crawlers and one week before peak abundance of T. tsugae crawlers two branches were sampled from the lower crown (0-2m) and upper crown (4-6m) of each tree and the number of scales occurring on 100 young (1979) needles and the number dead per 100 individuals were later deter-mined for each branch by microscopic examination. One hour after sampling five hemlocks randomly selected at each site were each administered 12 gal of Cygon 400 mixed to a concentration of 0.5 lb ai (1 pt concentrate) per 100 gal water. This dose was chosen to approximate 3 gal per 1 inch DBH. The insecticide was delivered through an injection needle to a depth of 0.5m at 10 positions encircling the tree at the dripline using a John Bean pump operating at a pressure of 200 psi. The remaining 5 trees at each site were left untreated to serve as controls. The 20 hemlocks were sampled 14 days following treat-ment and the density and percent mortality of •. externa and J. tsugae were determined as before. Data were analyzed for statistical significance by analysis of variance.
Screening of Acaricides for Control Of one-Host Ticks, 1979
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae of Boophilus annulatus (Say), the cattle tick, and B. microplus (Canestrini), the southern cattle tick, in colony at Falcon Heights, Texas, and of Anocentor nitens (Neumann), the tropical horse tick, and Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), the winter tick, at Kerrville, Texas, are placed onto cattle. Engorged females that detach naturally are used in the test. Usually candidate compounds (technical material) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates containing 25% active ingredient, 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100. Compounds not soluble in xylene are formulated In a 1:1 mixture of l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the xylene, Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettable powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before application. Acaricides are routinely tested at rates of 1, 0.1, and 0.01% active ingredient; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. For treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, weighed, and placed into 45-50 ml of acaricide, which is stirred vigorously for 30 s and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks. Drained ticks are placed on paper toweling to dry and then held in 8-dram shell vials at 27i" °C and&gt;80% relative humidity for oviposition. After 2-3 wk, the ticks are discarded; however, the eggs are weighed and held for another month when percentage hatch is estimated visually. Controls, groups of 10 ticks, are dipped in an emulsion of 2.6% xylene and 0.4% Triton X-100 and handled as treated ticks.
Cattle-Hypo Derma Lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1979
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Government-owned Hereford and Angus yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexar County, Texas, that are naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers), are treated with new animal systemic insecticides detected with the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test (Drummond, R.O., 1979, Insect. Acaric. Tests 4:216-7). Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 litres/animal at&gt;150 psi (usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and Al (25 parts). In other tests, insecticides may be administered dermally by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly by injection (usually technical grade insecticide in diethyl succinate). Normally, cattle are treated initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. After the treatment in May or June, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from August to Feb. of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number In untreated cattle. The most recent report of tests with new systemlcs in cattle was presented by Drummond, R.O., 1979, Insect. Acaric. Test 4:209.
Cattle, Evaluation of A Dimilin Bolus formulation For Face Fly Control, 1978*
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three Angus steers weighing 500,545, and 591 kg were treated with 2, 2, and 3-50g Dimilin (10% a.i.) boluses, respectively. Boluses were placed in the reticulum of each steer via a fistula. Bolus degradation was determined during the 21-week test by weekly weighings of individual boluses. Weekly fecal samples were collected from each steer and bioassayed with first instar face flies. Feces from 3 steers on the same diet were used for untreated checks. Mortalities were corrected by using Abbott's formula. At the end of the test the two steers on the 2 folus treatment were killed and samples of the liver, kidney, fat, and loin muscle were analyzed for Dimilin residue. One steer was killed on the day the boluses were removed and the other steer was killed 2 weeks after the boluses were removed.
Cattle Lice Control, 1979
Authors: Lloyd J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Y-Tex Tick Tags (Y-Tex Corp., Cody, WY) containing 10% chlorpyrifos were applied to heifer and bull calves on Dec 22'78. The cattle originated at several locations in south-eastern Wyoming. Animals of each sex were assigned randomly to separate pens of 6 to 9 animals each. One pen each of bulls and heifers received an ear tag in the right ear, ear tags in both ears, and no ear tags. All cattle were inspected prior to treat-ment on Dec 22'78 and then on Feb 2'79 and Mar 23'79. Lice inspection areas were 1, 15-cm hair part on the poll and 3, 15-cm hair parts on the head, brisket, neck, backline and rump-tailhead. Viable lice were determined posttreatment by microscopic examination.
Residual Barn Treatments Using Ectiban Permethrin for the Control of House Flies, 1979
Authors: Foehse M. C. , Hall R. D. , English L. M. , Doisy K. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eetiban permethrin formulated as 5.7% EC or 25% WP were applied to the interior and exterior surfaces of 2 livestock barns located on the University of Missouri South Farm near Columbia. A 3rd, untreated barn was used as a control. All barns were ca. 500 m equidistant from one another. Both the EC and WP formulations were extended with water to a concentration of 0.1% Al and sprayed at the rate of 0.09 litre/m (1 gal/450 ft2) using a power sprayer delivering 1034 kPa (150 lb/in2). Fly population were monitored prior to and at regular intervals after treatment by tacking 10 white 3x5 inch (76 × 127 mm) cards inside each barn to accumulate a record of fly specks. We used the same locations in each barn when changing the cards. In addition, we sampled adult fly populations with a 0.25 m Scudder fly grill at regular intervals. Three 30 sec grid counts were taken at each observation.
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1979
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A peach orchard with Hale and Elberta varieties at Columbia View, Orondo, Washington, was selected for this test. Two separate plots were used in the same orchard for two different insecticide timing tests. Four single tree replicates were used in a randomized block design for each treatment. The timings were bud break (Table 1) on Apr 4 and at pink (Table 2) on Apr 11. All plots were sprayed to the point of drip (400 to 500 gal per A) with handguns at 400 to 500 psi. Five terminals were selected at random from each tree. Two counting methods were used. Early season counts were made by examining individual terminals with a binocular microscope. The last counts were made using a washing method. Twigs from each tree were placed in a gallon jar partially filled with water. Ten ml of Methyl-iso-Butyl Ketone was added to water to stimulate release of aphids. The jar was shaken five times and allowed to sit for 30 minutes, then shaken again. The twigs were removed from the jar and rinsed over an organdy cloth funnel. The remaining contents of the gallon jar were poured through the same organdy funnel. The aphids on the organdy cloth were counted under a binocular microscope. See tables for dates different sample methods were used.
Peach: Pydrin 2.4Ec Vs. Oriental Fruit Moth, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two dosage rates of the insecticide were applied and a control block (52 trees) maintained in a season-long experiment. Each treatment of 0.30 lb ai/A (0.34 kg/ha) and 0.60 lb ai/A (.67 kg/ha) for complete dilute spray was applied (following the alternate row technique) to a 48 tree block of 5 year old peach trees (Red Haven, Sunhigh, Loring, Madison). Equipment used was a Swanson airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa (467.69 litres/ha), when spraying from two sides at 2 mph (3.22 km/W) with a pump pressure of 100 psi (7.03 kg/cm2). Treatments were applied to alternating sides of the rows on May 9, 18; Jun 5, 12, 19, 26; Jul 3, 11 and 19. Fungicidal applications consisted of oversprays of the following (given in dilute rates): Mar 19; Ferbam 76W 2.5 lb/100 gal (.30 kg/litre); Sulfur 95W 6 lb/100 gal (.72 litre) Apr 10, 19; Captan 50W 1.5 lb/100 (.18 kg/litre) May 7, 16; Captan 50W 1.5 lb/100 (.18 kg/litre) + dodine 65W .75 lb/100 (.09 kg/litre) May 25, Jun 1; dodine 65W .75 lb/100 (.09 kg/litre) Jun 6; Dikar 1.5 lb/100 (.18 kg/litre) June 12; Captan 50W 1.5 lb/100 (.18 kg/litre June 22. Visual observations were made on oriental fruit moth (OFM) damage to the terminals (Table 1), the fruit (Table II), number of catfaced fruit (Table III), the occurrence of Japanese beetles on each plot (Table IV) and the abundance of mites (Panonychusulmi (Koch) on each plot at the end of the season (Table V).
Control of Mcdaniel Spider Mite and European Red Mite, 1979
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 10 year old block of Italian prunes was selected for this test. An early application of 3 oz/100 gal of Pydrin 2.4EC was used to eliminate predatory mites. A completely random design with 5 single tree replicates per treatment was used in this test. All plots were sprayed to the point of drip (400 to 500 gal per A) with handguns at 400 to 500 psi on Jul 9. Samples of mites were taken at weekly intervals by collecting 25 leaves per tree. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine and the mites counted under a binocular microscope.
Phylloxera Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1979
Authors: Boethel David J. , Shelton Richard R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature 'Schley' pecan trees (ca. 7 trees per acre) at the LSU Pecan Station, Shreveport, LA. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 6 single tree replications per treatment. Applications were made with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 35 gal per tree. Applications were made Mar 28 and evaluation occurred May 7 by counting the number of terminals infested and the number of phylloxera galls present on 100 randomly selected terminals per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1979
Authors: Boethel David J. , Shelton Richard R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature 'Success' pecan trees (ca. 7 trees per acre) at the L.S.U. Pecan Station, Shreveport, LA. The experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 3 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made May 18 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 35 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on May 22 by counting the aphids present on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Insecticides as Seed Treatments for Control of Seed Maggots on Vegetables, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study 100 seeds per crop per treatment were treated and planted Aug 3. Plot size was 11 ft × 20 ft, using 3 rows per plot (1 row for each variety tested) in a randomized block design of 3 replications. A screen cone adult fly trap was used to monitor and time planting date for the appearance of third generation adults (peak Aug 10). Plots were baited after planting with 100 lbs/plot of Corenco blood and bone meal (an ovi positional bait), banded over the top of rows in a 7-10 in. band. Thirty seeds of each variety were band planted after receiving treatment at planting Aug 3, by using hopper box, slurried or granular seed dressings. On Aug 29, plant stands were counted and degree of maggot stand injury determined. Percent stand damage calculated in Table 1 reports mean injury on total germinated stand which includes all “bald” or “snake head” plants.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Red Kidney Beans, 1979
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment consisted of two 25 ft rows bordered on each side by two untreated rows, replicated 4 times and planted Jun 6 in a randomized complete block design. Granules of Temik were applied in the furrow at planting using a John Deere applicator. DiSyston was sidedressed 2 in. to the side and 2 in. deep on Jun 14 using a hand-pushed cone seeder. All applications were based on a 32 in. row width. Efficacy was determined by picking 50 trifoliate leaves from each plot weekly and counting the number of potato leafhopper nymphs. Plots were counted 8 times between Jul 30 and Sep 19. Potato leafhopper numbers were much lower this year than they have been in the previous two.
Cabbage Pest Management Using a Damage Scale, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbages were transplanted Mar 17. Plots were 1 row, 40-ft long with 3-ft row width. Experimental design was a split-plot, 4 reps, with threshold levels as main plots and schedules as sub-plots. Soil type was a loamy sand which received 7 in. rain, 1.75 in irrigation. Plots were sprayed by hand with Ambush (0.1 lb ai/acre) in 100 gal water/acre, at 40 psi. When plants began visible growth, 10 plants/plot were sampled 2x weekly. Sprays were based on fixed schedules or when visual damage scores reached threshold. Thresholds were different levels of new feeding holes/plant.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm, 1979
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Victory' cabbage was transplanted to the field on Jun 8. Each treatment consisted of a 20-ft row replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The soil type was a fine sandy loam. Applications of insecticides were based on 36 in. row spacing. Furrow treatments of Temik were placed down immediately prior to transplanting with the use of a Gandy applicator (Line Tender Model). Sprays were applied with a 3 gallon stainless steel back-pack sprayer at 200 gallons of water/acre. Bay Sir 8514, UC 21865, Larvin and Lannate were applied on Jun 25. Bay Sir 8514, Larvin and Lannate were also applied on Jul 2. Larvae were counted on 6 plants/treatment/replication.