bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of uncertainties in VS profiles obtained from microtremor observations in the phased 2018 COSMOS blind trials
Authors: Asten Michael W. , Yong Alan , Foti Sebastiano , Hayashi Koichi , Martin Antony J. , Stephenson William J. , Cassidy John F. , Coleman Jacie , Nigbor Robert , Castellaro Silvia , Chimoto Kosuke , Cornou Cécile , Cho Ikuo , Hayashida Takumi , Hobiger Manuel , Kuo Chun-Hsiang , Macau Albert , Mercerat E. Diego , Molnar Sheri , Pananont Passakorn , Pilz Marco , Poovarodom Nakhorn , Sáez Esteban , Wathelet Marc , Yamanaka Hiroaki , Yokoi Toshiaki , Zhao Don 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSite response is a critical consideration when assessing earthquake hazards. Site characterization is key to understanding site effects as influenced by seismic site conditions of the local geology. Thus, a number of geophysical site characterization methods were developed to meet the demand for accurate and cost-effective results. As a consequence, a number of studies have been administered periodically as blind trials to evaluate the state-of-practice on-site characterization. We present results from the Consortium of Organizations for Strong Motion Observation Systems (COSMOS) blind trials, which used data recorded from surface-based microtremor array methods (MAM) at four sites where geomorphic conditions vary from deep alluvial basins to an alpine valley. Thirty-four invited analysts participated. Data were incrementally released to 17 available analysts who participated in all four phases: (1) two-station arrays, (2) sparse triangular arrays, (3) complex nested triangular or circular arrays, and (4) all available geological control site information including drill hole data. Another set of 17 analysts provided results from two sites and two phases only. Although data from one site consisted of recordings from three-component sensors, the other three sites consisted of data recorded only by vertical-component sensors. The sites cover a range of noise source distributions, ranging from one site with a highly directional microtremor wave field to others with omni-directional (azimuthally distributed) wave fields. We review results from different processing techniques (e.g., beam-forming, spatial autocorrelation, cross-correlation, or seismic interferometry) applied by the analysts and compare the effectiveness between the differing wave field distributions. We define the M index as a quality index based on estimates of the time-averaged shear-wave velocity of the upper 10 (VS10), 30 (VS30), 100 (VS100), and 300 (VS300) meters and show its usefulness in quantitative comparisons of VS profiles from multiple analysts. Our findings are expected to aid in building an evidence-based consensus on preferred cost-effective arrays and processing methodology for future studies of seismic site effects.
Zero N: Number features and ⊥
Authors: Martí Luisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper I demonstrate that there is an explanation of the number marking we see on nouns when they combine with the numeralzerowhich combines Martí’s (Semant. Pragmat., 2020a,10.3765/sp.13.3) account of the morphosyntax and semantics of the numeral-noun construction with Bylinina and Nouwen’s (Glossa 3(1):98, 2018) semantics forzeroand which does not need to appeal to any further principles (e.g., agreement).
China visits: a dataset of Chinese leaders’ foreign visits
Authors: Wang Yu , Stone Randall W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeader visits constitute an important signal in international relations. While studies of U.S. diplomacy can all use the same dataset from the Office of the Historian, IR scholars on China must make do with ad hoc datasets and often need to build their own from scratch. We contribute a novel dataset, ChinaVisits, to fill this glaring gap. Our dataset has three major advantages: (1) it covers the period from 1998 onwards so that it is widely applicable to different research agendas; (2) each recorded visit has rich auxiliary information, including its date and duration, and is accompanied by a document from official websites for verification, and the dataset in its entirety is evaluated against existing datasets; (3) it is publicly available and indexed annually with country codes and country names. To facilitate its use, we provide a detailed analysis of the patterns in leader visits.
Full functional-length urethral sphincter- and neurovascular bundle preservation improves long-term continence rates after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Hohenhorst Jan L. , Wenzel Mike , Humke Clara , Preisser Felix , Wittler Clarissa , Brand Marie , Köllermann Jens , Steuber Thomas , Graefen Markus , Tilki Derya , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Becker Andreas , Kluth Luis A. , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of the study was to test the impact of implementing standard full functional-length urethral sphincter (FFLU) and neurovascular bundle preservation (NVBP) with intraoperative frozen section technique (IFT) on long-term urinary continence in patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We relied on an institutional tertiary-care database to identify patients who underwent RARP between 01/2014 and 09/2019. Until 10/2017, FFLU was not performed and decision for NVBP was taken without IFT. From 11/2017, FFLU and IFT-guided NVBP was routinely performed in all patients undergoing RARP. Long-term continence (≥ 12 months) was defined as the usage of no or one safety- pad. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression models tested the correlation between surgical approach (standard vs FFLU + NVBP) and long-term continence. Covariates consisted of age, body mass index, prostate volume and extraprostatic extension of tumor. The study cohort consisted of 142 patients, with equally sized groups for standard vs FFLU + NVBP RARP (68 vs 74 patients). Routine FFLU + NVBP implementation resulted in a long-term continence rate of 91%, compared to 63% in standard RARP (p < 0.001). Following FFLU + NVBP RARP, 5% needed 1–2, 4% 3–5 pads/24 h and no patient (0%) suffered severe long-term incontinence (> 5 pads/24 h). No significant differences in patient or tumor characteristics were recorded between both groups. In multivariable logistic regression models, FFLU + NVBP was a robust predictor for continence (Odds ratio [OR]: 7.62; 95% CI 2.51–27.36; p < 0.001). Implementation of FFLU and NVBP in patients undergoing RARP results in improved long-term continence rates of 91%.
Zusammenhang von selbstständigen Lockerungen und Resozialisierungszielen in der Sozialtherapeutischen Anstalt Hamburg
Authors: Stück Elisabeth , Briken Peer , Brunner Franziska 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungVollzugsöffnende Maßnahmen sollen dazu dienen, die soziale Reintegration vorzubereiten. Sie können als Erprobungsraum dafür gelten, inwieweit sich intramural herausgearbeitete Risikofaktoren unter extramuralen Bedingungen äußern bzw. bereits verändert haben können. Dabei gehen Lockerungen mit einem reduzierten Rückfallrisiko und erhöhten Chancen auf dem Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmarkt einher. Diese Studie untersucht anhand von n = 139 bereits entlassenen männlichen Insassen der Sozialtherapeutischen Anstalt Hamburg (SothA-HH) Prädiktoren für den Erhalt und die Rücknahme selbstständiger Lockerungen. Zudem wird untersucht, wie Lockerungserhalt und -rücknahme mit den Resozialisierungszielen Wohnanschrift, Beschäftigungsverhältnis und Therapieerfolg zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung zusammenhängen. Eine deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft und externale Schutzfaktoren (erhoben mit SAPROF [Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk]) sind mit dem Erhalt selbstständiger Lockerungen assoziiert, wohingegen mehr Risikofaktoren (erhoben mit R-Skala, HCR-20 [Historical Clinical Risk Management-20]) und überraschenderweise motivationale Schutzfaktoren (SAPROF) mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit für selbstständige Lockerung zusammenhängen. Eine längere Haftstrafe und mehr Risikofaktoren (R-Skala, HCR-20) sind mit Lockerungsrücknahmen, zunehmendes Alter mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit für Lockerungsrücknahmen assoziiert. Insassen, die selbstständige Lockerungen erhalten und aufrechterhalten, haben zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung häufiger ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis und schlossen die Therapie erfolgreicher ab. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Lockerungen und des Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Modells diskutiert.
Backbone NMR assignments of the extensive human and chicken TRPV4 N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions as important players in ion channel regulation
Authors: Goretzki Benedikt , Tebbe Frederike , Mitrovic Sarah-Ana , Hellmich Ute A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels are important pharmacological targets due to their ability to act as sensory transducers on the organismic and cellular level, as polymodal signal integrators and because of their role in numerous diseases. However, a detailed molecular understanding of the structural dynamics of TRP channels and their integration into larger cellular signalling networks remains challenging, in part due to the systematic absence of highly dynamic regions pivotal for channel regulation from available structures. In human TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a ubiquitously expressed homotetrameric cation channel involved in temperature, osmo- and mechano-sensation and in a multitude of (patho)physiological processes, the intrinsically disordered N-terminus encompasses 150 amino acids and thus represents > 17% of the entire channel sequence. Its deletion renders the channel significantly less excitable to agonists supporting a crucial role in TRPV4 activation and regulation. For a structural understanding and a comparison of its properties across species, we determined the NMR backbone assignments of the human and chicken TRPV4 N-terminal IDRs.
Reference equations for the six-minute walking distance in obese Chinese subjects more than 40 years old
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zou Yingying , Wang Zibin , Chen Xiaoshu , Pan Jingye , Yu Haizhu , Lin Cong , Zou He 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that the reference equations for the six-minute walking distance (6MWD), which were mainly derived from healthy, normal-weight people, are not suitable for individuals with obesity. The main purpose of this study was to establish reference equations for the 6MWD in obese Chinese subjects.

Methods
In our study, a total of 214 individuals with obesity performed the six-minute walking tests (6MWTs) according to the American thoracic society (ATS) guidelines, and the longer 6MWD was used for further analysis. The reference equations for the 6MWD were developed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The newly established equations for the 6MWD were compared to the existing prediction equations.

Results
The mean 6MWD for the cohort was 523 ± 56 m. We found that the reliability of two 6MWTs was good. Age and BMI were identified as independent factors, and explained 31% and 27% of the variance in the 6MWD for the male and female participants, respectively. Thus, the reference equations reported in the previous studies did not accurately predict the 6MWD in our subjects.

Conclusion
Our study was the first to describe the 6MWD in obese Chinese subjects and to propose new predictive equations. These established equations can improve the assessment of the health of obese Chinese patients whose exercise capacity is affected by the disease.

Level of evidence
III, Cohort study.
Cardiac Rehabilitation in Advanced aGE after PCI for acute coronary syndromes: predictors of exercise capacity improvement in the CR-AGE ACS study
Authors: Baldasseroni Samuele , Silverii Maria Vittoria , Pratesi Alessandra , Burgisser Costanza , Orso Francesco , Lucarelli Giulia , Turrin Giada , Ungar Andrea , Marchionni Niccolò , Fattirolli Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The positive effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on outcomes after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is established. Nevertheless, enrollment rates into CR programs remain low, although ACS carry a high risk of functional decline particularly in the elderly.

Aim
We aimed to determine if a multidisciplinary CR improves exercise capacity in an older population discharged after ACS systematically treated with PCI.

Methods
CR-AGE ACS is a prospective, single-center, cohort study. All patients aged 75+ years consecutively referred to Cardiac Rehabilitation outpatient Unit at Careggi University Hospital, were screened for eligibility. Moderate/severe cognitive impairment, disability in 2+ basic activities of daily living, musculoskeletal diseases, contraindication to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, and diseases with an expected survival < 6 months, were exclusion criteria. Participants attended a CR program, based on 5-day-per-week aerobic training sessions for 4 weeks.

Results
We enrolled 253 post-ACS patients with a mean age 80.6 ± 4.4 years. After CR, 136 (56.2%) 77 (31.3%) patients obtained, respectively, at least a moderate (∆+5%) or an optimal (∆+15%) increase in VO2peak. Baseline VO2peak (− 1 ml/kg/min: OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.09–1.28), the number of training sessions (+1 session: OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.15), and mild-to-moderate baseline disability (yes vs. no: OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.01–0.57) were the predictors of VO2peak changes.

Conclusions
A CR program started early after discharge from ACS produces a significant increase in exercise capacity in very old patients with mild-to-moderate post-acute physical impairment. Baseline VO2peak, the number of training sessions, and the level of baseline disability are the independent predictors of improvement.
Implicit Bias and Epistemic Oppression in Confronting Racism
Authors: HOLROYD JULES , PUDDIFOOT KATHERINE 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotivating reforms to address discrimination and exclusion is important. But what epistemic practices characterize better or worse ways of doing this? Recently, the phenomena of implicit biases have played a large role in motivating reforms. We argue that this strategy risks perpetuating two kinds of epistemic oppression: the vindication dynamic and contributory injustice. We offer positive proposals for avoiding these forms of epistemic oppression when confronting racism.
Λ and the Limits of Effective Field Theory
Authors: Koberinski Adam , Smeenk Chris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cosmological constant problem stems from treating quantum field theory and general relativity as an effective field theory (EFT). We argue that the problem is a reduction ad absurdum and that one should reject the assumption that general relativity can generically be treated as an EFT. This marks a failure of naturalness and provides an internal signal that EFT methods do not apply in all spacetime domains. We then take an external view, showing that the assumptions for using EFTs are violated in general relativistic domains where Λ is relevant. We highlight some ways forward that do not depend on naturalness.
SCALING THE 14C-EXCURSION SIGNAL IN MULTIPLE TREE-RING SERIES WITH DYNAMIC TIME WARPING
Authors: Panyushkina Irina , Livina Valerie , Molnár Mihály , Varga Tamas , Jull A J Timothy 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTA signal of rapid changes in 14C production is logged in annual series of 14C derived from tree rings, which can be associated with diverse effects of cosmic-ray fluxes, including solar burst and supernova events. These 14C signatures may vary in time and space. The intensity and structure of the 14C signal is multifaced, which complicates understanding of the forcing and attribution of the underlying astrophysical events. It was suggested that Δ14C in 1052/53 CE and 1054/55 CE signatures at a 4‰–6‰ range over two years could be caused by the Crab Nebula supernova (SN1054) or/and solar perturbation. The temporal incoherence of the signals in published 14C series is investigated with dynamic time warping (DTW), novel approach for matching time-behavioral patterns in multiple 14C datasets. DTW analysis of four 14C signatures from tree rings of California, Finland and England suggests that 14C spikes between 1052 CE and 1055 CE can be caused by a single event. The flickering fingerprint may result from cross-dating inconformity. Cross-checking of tree-ring records from distant locations is impossible sometimes due to large difference in environmental conditions limiting tree growth. The methodology helps to align the signals and can be applied to other 14C datasets.
The rise and fall of Pyramiden: The story of a town in a wider geopolitical and environmental context
Authors: Kavan Jan , Halašková Barbora 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change has become significantly pronounced in the Arctic over recent decades. In addition to these climate effects, the environment has experienced severe anthropogenic pressure connected to increased human activities, including the exploitation of natural resources and tourism. The opportunity to exploit some of the natural riches of Svalbard was promptly grasped by the Soviet Union well before the 1940s. In this paper, we present the story of Pyramiden, a mining settlement in central Svalbard. The Soviet town experienced its golden age in the 1970–1980s but fell into decline in the late 1990s which corresponds well with the overall economic and geopolitical situation of the Soviet Union. The impacts of past mining activities and related urban infrastructure development are illustrated with the use of historic aerial photographs. The most pronounced changes in the terrain configuration were connected to adjustments of the river network, construction of roads, water reservoirs, and obviously mining-related activities. The natural processes overwhelmed the city infrastructure rather quickly after the abandonment of the town in 1998, though some traces of human activities may persist for decades or centuries. Nowadays, Russia has been attempting to recover the settlement especially through support of tourism and research activities.
Food consumption, nutritional intakes and the role of milk formulas in nutrient adequacy among young children from birth to 2 years living in urban Algeria
Authors: Busnel Alice , Domet Marine , Ramchani Ben Othman Khaoula , Desclée De Maredsous Caroline , Ghomari-Boukhatem Hanane , Bouchenak Malika , Bouziane-Nedjadi Karim , Drouillet-Pinard Peggy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:Undernutrition, stunted growth and obesity remain a concern in Algeria. Currently, limited data are available on nutrient intakes among children. Our study aimed to describe food and nutrient intakes and the role of milk formulas among Algerian children.Design:Dietary intakes were collected using a 4-d interview-based survey for children aged 0–24 months, living in urban areas in Algeria in 2019.Setting:Food consumptions were described. For children aged 6–24 months, nutrient intakes and adequacy were estimated. Modelling was used to estimate the nutritional impact of substituting cow’s milk for age-appropriate infant formulas (IF).Participants:Totally, 446 children aged 0–24 months.Results:Before 6 months, 91·6 % of infants were breastfed. Breastmilk was also the main milk consumed between 6 and 12 months, whereas cow’s milk predominated after 12 months. In children aged 6–24 months, nutrient adequacy prevalence was above 75 % for the majority of nutrients. However, less than 30 % of the children had adequate intakes for total fats, Fe and vitamin D. Simulated substitution of cow’s milk for IF led to improved adequacy for proteins, Fe, and vitamins D and E.Conclusions:Our study showed that breast-feeding rates were high until 6 months, then declined with age. Consumed foods allowed Algerian children aged 6–24 months to meet most of their nutritional needs, but inadequate intakes were reported for some key nutrients. Our modelling suggested that milk formulas may help to improve nutrient adequacy among non-breastfed infants. Other dietary changes could also be further investigated to enable children to meet all nutritional recommendations.
Development and evaluating the biopotency of ready to eat liver meat balls in fighting anaemia and vitamin A deficiency, improving selected nutritional biochemical indicators and promoting the cognitive function among mildly anaemic Egyptian children aged 3–9 years
Authors: Bassouni Rania , Soliman Magda , Hussein Laila Abbas , Monir Zeinab , Abd El-Meged Ashraf A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:Ready to eat fried liver meat balls (LMB) were developed to fight anaemia and vitamin A deficiency and promote cognitive function.Design:Randomised controlled trial consisting of two arms: control group with no supplement and LMB group receiving LMB supplement three times a week for 90 d. Criteria of evaluations included dietary assessment, anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations and cognitive function by Wechsler test.Setting:Kinder Garten and primary school in Urban Giza.Participants:Sixty boys and girls aging 3–9 years.Results:The LMB supplement contributed to significant increases in the intakes of high bioavailable Fe and vitamin A in the diets of all children. Initial overall prevalence of mild and moderate anaemia was 43 %, which disappeared completely from all children aging < 72 months and from 88 % of children ≥ 72 months after the 90 d dietary intervention with the LMB. Faecal systemic immune globulin A, urinary hydroxyproline index and urinary iodine excretion increased significantly (P< 0·05) only after the dietary intervention with the LMB supplement for 90 d. The standard scores of verbal and non-verbal cognitive function tests (Δ day 90–day 0) increased significantly (P< 0·05) among the LMB group compared with the respective changes observed among the control group. The increase in height-for-age Z score and blood Hb were good predictors for improvement in cognitive function.Conclusion:LMB supplement is effective sustainable nutritious biotherapeutic food in fighting hidden hunger and promoting the cognitive function.
A prospective cohort study of head circumference and its association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and young children in rural Guatemala
Authors: Connery Amy K. , Lamb Molly M. , Colbert Alison M. , Bauer Desirée , Olson Daniel , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Calvimontes Mirella , Bolaños Guillermo Antonio , Sahly Hana M. El , Muñoz Flor M. , Asturias Edwin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrocephaly, an anthropometric marker of reduced brain volume and predictor of developmental disability, is rare in high-income countries. Recent reports show the prevalence of microcephaly to be much higher in lower resource settings. We calculated the prevalence of microcephaly in infants and young children (n = 642; age range = 0.1–35.9 months), examined trends in occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) growth in the year after birth and evaluated the relationship between OFC and performance on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) in rural Guatemala. Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age were performed: (1) a model comparing concurrent MSEL performance and OFC at all visits per child, (2) concurrent OFC and MSEL performance by age group, and (3) OFC at enrollment and MSEL at final visit by age group. Prevalence of microcephaly ranged from 10.1% to 25.0%. OFC z-score decreased for most infants throughout the first year after birth. A significant positive association between continuous OFC measurement and MSEL score suggested that children with smaller OFC may do worse on ND tests conducted both concurrently and ∼1 year later. Results were variable when analyzed by OFC cutoff scores and stratified by 6-month age groups. OFC should be considered for inclusion in developmental screening assessments at the individual and population level, especially when performance-based testing is not feasible.