bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplant experiments demonstrate that larger brains are favoured in high‐competition environments in Trinidadian killifish
Authors: Howell Kaitlyn J. , Walsh Matthew R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe extent to which the evolution of a larger brain is adaptive remains controversial. Trinidadian killifish (Anablepsoides hartii) are found in sites that differ in predation intensity; fish that experience decreased predation and increased intraspecific competition exhibit larger brains. We evaluated the connection between brain size and fitness (survival and growth) when killifish are found in their native habitats and when fish are transplanted from sites with predators to high‐competition sites that lack predators. Selection for a larger brain was absent within locally adapted populations. Conversely, there was a strong positive relationship between brain size and growth in transplanted but not resident fish in high‐competition environments. We also observed significantly larger brain sizes in the transplanted fish that were recaptured at the end of the experiment versus those that were not. Our results provide experimental support that larger brains increase fitness and are favoured in high‐competition environments.
Intestinal histomorphological and molecular alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bellini Gabriele , Benvenuti Laura , Ippolito Chiara , Frosini Daniela , Segnani Cristina , Rettura Francesco , Pancetti Andrea , Bertani Lorenzo , D'Antongiovanni Vanessa , Palermo Giovanni , Del Prete Eleonora , Antonioli Luca , Nardini Vincenzo , Morganti Riccardo , Pellegrini Carolina , Bernardini Nunzia , Ceravolo Roberto , Fornai Matteo , Bellini Massimo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeChanges in gut microbiota composition, enteric inflammation, impairments of the intestinal epithelial barrier and neuroplastic changes in the enteric nervous system have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and could contribute to the onset of both neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, their mutual interplay has rarely been investigated. This study evaluated, in an integrated manner, changes in faecal microbiota composition, morphofunctional alterations of colonic mucosal barrier and changes of inflammatory markers in blood and stools of PD patients.MethodsNineteen PD patients and nineteen asymptomatic subjects were enrolled. Blood lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP, marker of altered intestinal permeability) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels, as well as stool IL‐1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels, were evaluated. Gut microbiota analysis was performed. Epithelial mucins, collagen fibres, claudin‐1 and S100‐positive glial cells as markers of an impairment of the intestinal barrier, mucosal remodelling and enteric glial activation were evaluated on colonic mucosal specimens collected during colonoscopy.ResultsFaecal microbiota analysis revealed a significant difference in the α‐diversity in PD patients compared to controls, while no differences were found in the β‐diversity. Compared to controls, PD patients showed significant chenags in plasma LBP levels, as well as faecal TNF and IL‐1β levels. The histological analysis showed a decrease in epithelial neutral mucins and claudin‐1 expression and an increased expression of acidic mucins, collagen fibres and S100‐positive glial cells.ConclusionsParkinson's disease patients are characterized by enteric inflammation and increased intestinal epithelial barrier permeability, as well as colonic mucosal barrier remodelling, associated with changes in gut microbiota composition.
Fatigue crack propagation behavior of multiphase microstructure in a quenched and partitioned medium‐carbon bainitic steel
Authors: Li Qiangguo , Zhang Yanan , Luo Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA medium‐carbon steel was treated by the bainitic isothermal transformation plus quenching and partitioning (B‐QP) process to obtain bainite/martensite/retained austenite multiphase microstructure, and its fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior was evaluated in contrast with BAT (bainite austempering) sample with fully bainite microstructure. Results show that B‐QP sample exhibits a lower FCP rate and higher fatigue threshold ΔKth (12.6 MPa·m1/2). Moreover, the FCP path of B‐QP sample displays a strongly tortuosity and more crack branching due to more filmy retained austenite (7.2%) and higher percentage of high angle misoriented boundaries (68%). The larger crack tortuosity and the secondary cracks as result of crack branching are primarily responsible for the lower FCP rate of B‐QP sample. In addition, the FCP rate curve of B‐QP sample shows a pronounced small plateauing at the near‐threshold zone, which can be ascribed to the mechanical twinning that occurred in the filmy retained austenite.
‘Corona is coming’: COVID‐19 vaccination perspectives and experiences amongst Culturally and Linguistically Diverse West Australians
Authors: Carlson Samantha J. , Edwards Gracie , Blyth Christopher C. , Nattabi Barbara , Attwell Katie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCulturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) groups within high‐income countries are at risk of being left behind by the COVID‐19 vaccination rollout. They face both access and attitudinal barriers, including low trust in government and health authorities.ObjectiveTo explore perceptions and attitudes towards COVID‐19 vaccination, as well as facilitators, barriers and strategies to promote uptake among CALD residents of Western Australia (WA), where there were almost no COVID‐19 cases for 2 years.Design and ParticipantsPerth, WA's capital, was chosen as the state's study site because most of the state's CALD population lives there. Eleven semistructured in‐depth interviews and three focus groups (with 37 participants) were conducted with CALD residents between August and October 2021. Thematic analysis was conducted, informed by the ‘Capability’, ‘Opportunity’, ‘Motivation’, ‘Behaviour’ model.ResultsCALD participants faced barriers including a lack of knowledge about COVID‐19 and the vaccines, low self‐rated English proficiency and education levels, misinformation, passive government communication strategies and limited access to vaccine clinics/providers. They were, however, motivated to vaccinate by the imminent opening of state and international borders, trust in government and healthcare authorities, travel intentions and the desire to protect themselves and others.ConclusionsDespite high levels of trust and significant desire for vaccines among CALD communities in Perth, current strategies were not meeting their needs and the community remains at risk from COVID‐19. Tailored intervention strategies are required to provide knowledge, address misinformation and facilitate access to ensure uptake of COVID‐19 vaccines—including for additional doses—amongst CALD communities. Governments should work with trusted CALD community members to disseminate tailored COVID‐19 vaccine information and adequately translated resources.Patient or Public ContributionThe Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Community Reference Group at Telethon Kids Institute consulted on this project in September 2020; Ishar Multicultural Women's Health Services consulted on and facilitated the focus groups.
Experiences and expectations of receiving volunteer services among home‐based elderly in Chinese urban areas: A qualitative study
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhang Fengjian , Guo Lin , Chen Yuqin , Feng Mingjiao , You Yanjie , Zhang Lihua , Jiang Ziyun , Liu Yilan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe various complex needs for assistance among home‐based older adults have increased dramatically. Thus, it would be advantageous to recruit volunteers with medical knowledge and a better understanding to support and assist the elderly living in urban communities.AimThis study aimed to explore the experiences and expectations of receiving volunteer services among the home‐based elderly in Chinese urban areas.Design, Setting and ParticipantsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. This study was performed in two communities in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A purposive sampling method, which includes criterion and maximum variation sampling, was used to identify and select a diverse range of participants. Semistructured face‐to‐face interviews with 20 older adults (aged 62–90 years old) were performed. The conventional content analysis method was used for thematic analysis.ResultsThree categories with associated subcategories were identified: experiences of receiving volunteer services including negative and positive experiences; specific needs for volunteer services involving physiological, psychosocial, health‐related behaviours and environmental domains; characteristics of expected volunteer services including availability, formats, recipients, providers and service strategies.ConclusionsThe volunteer services provided to the home‐based elderly were found to be unsatisfactory, and lacking relevance and effectiveness. Due to a lack of family support or difficulty in meeting some high‐level needs, the home‐based elderly expressed a strong demand for volunteer services involving physiological, psychosocial, health‐related behaviours and environmental domains. This finding can provide a basis for developing training plans beneficial to volunteers. Furthermore, the present research clarifies the criteria for selecting volunteers and the necessity of supervising and managing volunteers. Improving the effectiveness and accessibility of urban‐community volunteer service may reduce the burden on care institutions and home caregivers while enhancing the quality of life and well‐being of the elderly.Patient or Public ContributionDeveloping research questions, study design, management and conduct and interpretation of evidence.
Investigating the nonlinear and conditional effects of trust—The new role of institutional contexts in online repurchase
Authors: Zou Haiyun (Melody) , Qureshi Israr , Fang Yulin , Sun Heshan , Lim Kai H. , Ramsey Elaine , McCole Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrust is paramount to developing and maintaining long‐term relationships in all stages of the customer lifecycle, including the repurchase stage. This research goes beyond the simple finding documented in the extant trust literature that the effect of trust will diminish. It sheds light on the role of institutional contexts and develops a nuanced understanding of the boundary conditions under which trust operates in the repurchase stage, where knowledge‐based trust becomes more predominant. Drawing on a different theoretical tenet, prospect theory, we find that customers exhibit distinctively different transaction intentions in the two perceptual conditions of high and low trust in institutional contexts. Specifically, the nonlinear relationship between trust and repeat online transaction intention is inverted U‐shaped curvilinear when trust in institutional contexts is high, but is U‐shaped when trust in institutional contexts is low. With data collected from both e‐commerce and mobile banking contexts using two different measures of institutional contexts, we employed a new and advanced latent moderated structural (LMS) equations approach for analysis and provided robust results. Our findings largely confirm the hypotheses and offer theoretical, methodological, and practical implications.
Influencing factors and hemodynamic study of initial and sustained orthostatic hypotension in middle‐aged and elderly patients
Authors: Hui Geng , Xiahuan Chen , Yanjun Wang , Wenyi Liang , Meilin Liu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common autonomic disorder. This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors and hemodynamic mechanisms of initial and sustained OH in middle‐aged and elderly patients. The authors analyzed the clinical characteristics and hemodynamic variables of patients aged ≥ 50 years according to the various forms of OH, diagnosed by an active orthostatic test using the CNAP monitor. The study included 473 participants; 119 (25.2%) patients had initial (54, 45.4%) or sustained (65, 54.6%) OH. Age, comorbidities, or medications did not differ significantly between the initial OH and non‐OH groups. Sustained OH was associated with age and diabetes (p = .003 and p = .015, respectively). Hemodynamic analysis revealed higher cardiac output (CO) in the sustained OH group within 15 s than in the non‐OH and initial OH groups (both p < .001); no difference in CO was observed between the initial OH and non‐OH groups. The systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in both initial OH and sustained OH groups within 15 s was lower than that in the non‐OH group (both p < .001). No differences in SVR at 3 min were observed between the initial OH and non‐OH groups. The SVR at 3 min in the sustained OH group was significantly lower than in non‐OH and initial OH groups (both p < .001). Age and diabetes emerged as the independent risk factors associated with sustained OH. Initial OH is associated with a mismatch of increase in CO and decrease in SVR. Sustained OH is mainly associated with sustained inadequate adjustment in SVR.
Direct and indirect phenotypic effects on sociability indicate potential to evolve
Authors: Fisher David N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe decision to leave or join a group is important as group size influences many aspects of organisms' lives and their fitness. This tendency to socialise with others, sociability, should be influenced by genes carried by focal individuals (direct genetic effects) and by genes in partner individuals (indirect genetic effects), indicating the trait's evolution could be slower or faster than expected. However, estimating these genetic parameters is difficult. Here, in a laboratory population of the cockroachBlaptica dubia, I estimate phenotypic parameters for sociability: repeatability (R) and repeatable influence (RI), that indicate whether direct and indirect genetic effects respectively are likely. I also estimate the interaction coefficient (Ψ), which quantifies how strongly a partner's trait influences the phenotype of the focal individual and is key in models for the evolution of interacting phenotypes. Focal individuals were somewhat repeatable for sociability across a 3‐week period (R = 0.080), and partners also had marginally consistent effects on focal sociability (RI = 0.053). The interaction coefficient was non‐zero, although in opposite sign for the sexes; males preferred to associate with larger individuals (Ψmale = −0.129), while females preferred to associate with smaller individuals (Ψfemale = 0.071). Individual sociability was consistent between dyadic trials and in social networks of groups. These results provide phenotypic evidence that direct and indirect genetic effects have limited influence on sociability, with perhaps most evolutionary potential stemming from heritable effects of the body mass of partners. Sex‐specific interaction coefficients may produce sexual conflict and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in social behaviour.
Thwarted belonging needs: A mechanism prospectively linking multiple levels of stigma and interpersonal outcomes among sexual minorities
Authors: Lattanner Micah R. , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe association between stigma and adverse interpersonal outcomes is well established. However, the mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be comprehensively conceptualized and tested, in part because research has neglected to evaluate stigma across multiple levels. To address this gap, we examined whether stigma—measured at individual, interpersonal, and structural levels—prospectively affects loneliness and social support by thwarting fundamental belonging needs, using a longitudinal sample of 315 gay men. Results indicated that thwarted belonging needs prospectively mediated the association between interpersonal discrimination, internalized homonegativity, and concealment motivation and changes in loneliness and lack of social support. When indirect pathways were tested simultaneously, discrimination was uniquely associated with reductions in social support via thwarted belonging needs. In addition, the prospective association between objectively‐measured structural stigma (at the state and county levels) and loneliness and lack of social support was serially mediated by perceptions of structural stigma and thwarted belonging needs. To guide future work, we propose a model outlining pathways by which stigma, across multiple levels, may lead to adverse interpersonal outcomes by increasing relationally‐oriented biological, motivational, cognitive, affective, and behavioral mechanisms that affect belonging needs.
Evaluation of dietary metabolizable energy concentrations on meat quality and lipid metabolism‐related gene expression in yellow‐feathered chickens
Authors: Cui Xiaoyan , El‐Senousey HebatAllah Kasem , Gou Zhongyong , Li Long , Lin Xiajing , Fan Qiuli , Wang Yibing , Jiang Zongyong , Jiang Shouqun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of different dietary metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations on the meat quality, carcass traits, volatile flavour and lipid metabolism‐related gene expression levels in yellow‐feathered chickens. In total, 600 Huxu female chickens aged 90 days were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments, each with 10 replicates of 10 birds. During the finisher phase, the birds were fed diets containing 2880 (low), 2940, 3000, 3060, 3120 and 3180 (high) kcal ME/kg. The results showed that the average daily gain of chickens increased as the dietary ME concentration increased, while the feed to gain improved (p < 0.05), and the intramuscular fat content of breast muscle increased (p < 0.05). The energy concentration had no effect on the breast muscle pH (45 min and 24 h), colour parameter (L*) or percentage of drip loss (p > 0.05), but the shear force values decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The diameter and area of the breast muscle fiber decreased and the muscle fibre density increased as the dietary ME concentration increased (p < 0.05). The highest ME concentration (3180 kcal) increased the percentages of aldehydes (hexanal, heptanal, 2,4‐nonadienal, octanal, nonanal and 2‐decenal), alcohols (2‐nonen‐1‐ol, trans‐2‐undecen‐1‐ol, 7‐hexadecenal, 2‐hexyl‐1‐decanoal and n‐nonadecanol‐1,3,7,11‐trimethyl‐1‐dodecanol), alkanes (2,6‐dimethyl‐heptadecane) and carboxylic acids (9‐hexadecenoic acid), but reduced the percentages of octadecanal, octadecane, heneicosane and tetradecanal (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA gene expression levels of fatty acid‐binding protein 3 and apolipoprotein B were significantly upregulated in the liver, whereas that of cholesteryl ester transfer protein was significantly downregulated. In conclusion, increasing the ME diet to 3180 kcal/kg significantly improved the quality and flavour of the meat from yellow‐feathered broilers. our finding may help poultry producers to improve the taste of meat by regulating genes related to lipid metabolism, thereby achieving the flavour and taste characteristics preferred by consumers.
Antarctic micrometeorite composed of CP and CS IDP‐like material: A micro‐breccia originated from a partially ice‐melted comet‐like small body
Authors: Noguchi Takaaki , Matsumoto Rikako , Yabuta Hikaru , Kobayashi Hanae , Miyake Akira , Naraoka Hiroshi , Okazaki Ryuji , Imae Naoya , Yamaguchi Akira , Kilcoyne A. L. David , Takeichi Yasuo , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAsteroids and comets are thought to form in the inner and outer solar systems, respectively. Chondritic porous and smooth interplanetary dust particles (CP IDPs and CS IDPs, respectively) in the stratosphere are regarded as dust grains from comets and hydrated asteroids, respectively. Here, we describe an Antarctic micrometeorite (AMM) composed of lithologies of both CP and CS IDPs. In addition to the CS IDP‐like compact lithology that experienced severe aqueous alteration, the CP IDP‐like porous lithology shows evidence of very weak aqueous alteration. The structure of the organic matter in the porous lithology varies from that in the CP IDPs to aromatic‐rich organic matter. In contrast, the structure of the organic matter in the compact lithology is homogenous, which is consistent with higher degrees of aqueous alteration. Its structure is more similar to that of CP IDPs and Wild 2 samples than that of meteoritic insoluble organic matter, suggesting that the compact lithology formed from the porous lithology. Some CP IDPs are related to cometary dust streams, such as those originating from 26P/Grigg‐Skjellerup. In addition, the presence of this AMM indicates an additional origin of the CP IDPs and their equivalent AMMs. The mineralogy and organic chemistry of this AMM suggest that its parent body was composed of the same building blocks as those of the comets, and later experienced incomplete aqueous alteration. The AMM probably formed as microbreccia in the regolith layer composed of materials from a CP IDP‐like crust and a hydrated interior.
Engineered ATG8‐binding motif‐based selective autophagy to degrade proteins and organelles in planta
Authors: Luo Na , Shang Dandan , Tang Zhiwei , Mai Jinyan , Huang Xiao , Tao Li‐Zhen , Liu Linchuan , Gao Caiji , Qian Yangwen , Xie Qingjun , Li Faqiang 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Protein‐targeting technologies represent essential approaches in biological research. Protein knockdown tools developed recently in mammalian cells by exploiting natural degradation mechanisms allow for precise determination of protein function and discovery of degrader‐type drugs. However, no method to directly target endogenous proteins for degradation is currently available in plants.
Here, we describe a novel method for targeted protein clearance by engineering an autophagy receptor with a binder to provide target specificity and an ATG8‐binding motif (AIM) to link the targets to nascent autophagosomes, thus harnessing the autophagy machinery for degradation.
We demonstrate its specificity and broad potentials by degrading various fluorescence‐tagged proteins, including cytosolic mCherry, the nucleus‐localized bZIP transcription factor TGA5, and the plasma membrane–anchored brassinosteroid receptor BRI1, as well as fluorescence‐coated peroxisomes, using a tobacco‐based transient expression system. Stable expression of AIM‐based autophagy receptors in Arabidopsis further confirms the feasibility of this approach in selective autophagy of endogenous proteins.
With its wide substrate scope and its specificity, our concept of engineered AIM‐based selective autophagy could provide a convenient and robust research tool for manipulating endogenous proteins in plants and may open an avenue toward degradation of cytoplasmic components other than proteins in plant research.