bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Sides to the Story: Adherence Trajectories During the First Year of SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Hawley Chelsea E. , Lauffenburger Julie C. , Paik Julie M. , Wexler Deborah J. , Kim Seoyoung C. , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to understand the factors associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) adherence and longitudinal adherence trajectories in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using Medicare claims data (April 2013–December 2017), we identified 83,675 new SGLT2i users ≥66 years old with type 2 diabetes. We measured SGLT2i adherence as the proportion of days covered (PDC) during the first year of SGLT2i therapy. We used linear regression to assess the association between baseline covariates and PDC. Then we used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct longitudinal SGLT2i adherence groups and used a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the association between baseline covariates and membership in these adherence groups.

RESULTS
Unadjusted mean PDC was 63%. Previous adherence to statins had the strongest positive association with PDC (regression coefficient 6.00% [95% CI 5.50, 6.50]), whereas female sex (−5.51% [−6.02, −5.00]), and Black race/ethnicity (−5.06% [−6.03, −4.09]) had the strongest negative association. We identified three adherence trajectory groups: low (23% of patients, mean PDC 17%), moderate (32%, mean PDC 50%), and high (45%, mean PDC 96%) adherence. More patients in the high adherence group were previously adherent to statins (odds ratio 1.43 [95% CI 1.39, 1.48]), and more women (1.28 [1.23, 1.32]) and Black patients (1.31 [1.23, 1.40]) were in the low adherence group.

CONCLUSIONS
In a large population of older patients with type 2 diabetes, 45% were highly adherent during the first year of SGLT2i treatment. Female sex and Black race/ethnicity were most strongly associated with low adherence.
General safety concepts used in transport
Authors: Szymanek Andrzej 
Published: January 2022

The article presents selected concepts, models and theories of safety known from research and applications in various areas of technology and suitable for use in the field of transport. In particular, attention was paid to cognitively promising in the field of transport safety, and relatively little used research concepts here: Normal Accident Theory (NAT) Ch.Perrow, "Swiss cheese model" /SCh-M/ by J. Reason, concepts of "safe space of action" by J. Rasmussen and R. Amalberti, the concept of High Reliability Organizations /HRO/, or even interpretations of the transport system as a complex system (CS). The main aim of the article was to present some important general safety concepts and show that they can be used to model safety in the field of transport. The article shows that the so-called Geysen's thesis allows for the development of justified safety analogies between transport systems and such systems of technology that have greater scientific and engineering achievements in the field of safety.
Studies on molecular epidemiology of ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients hospitalized in a specialist hospital in southern Poland
Authors: Ochońska Dorota , Olechowska-Jarząb Aldona , Dobrut Anna , Bulanda Małgorzata , Brzychczy-Włoch Monika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is currently one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. The study aimed to characterize antibiotic resistance profile, the prevalence of selected genes encoding ESβLs, virulence, and the genetic relationship in 139 K. pneumoniae isolates identified in John Paul II Specialist Hospital in Southern Poland, collected in 2016.
Materials/Methods. Bacterial identification and the preliminary antibiotic susceptibilities was performed using the VI-TEK® 2 Compact automated system. Genes encoding ESβLs were amplified by CTX-Mplex PCR and PCR reactions. The presence of nine genes encoding virulence factors was studied by multiplex PCR. Clonality was investigated by PFGE after digestion with SpeI endonuclease.
Results. K. pneumoniae were mostly recovered from the respiratory tract (40.3%), urine (32.4%), wound swabs (19.4%) and blood (5%). In summary, 82.7% of strains were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). All isolates were confirmed as ESβL producers and carried bla
CTX-M-type (85.6%), bla
SHV (82%), bla
TEM (77.7%), bla
CTX-M-9 (75.6%) and bla
CTX-M-1 (1.4%) in various combinations. Moreover, triple bla genes were observed in 72% of isolates. The most common virulence-as-sociated genes found among the isolates were entB (91.4%), ybtS (55.4%), iutA (55.4%), magA (53.2%), kfu (14.4%), K2 (11.5%), mrkD (10.1%), rmpA (7.9%) and allS (5%). The PFGE analysis identified 4 major clusters (A–D) comprising 61% of the entire collection.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that the presence of a wide variety of MDR K. pneumoniae harbor ESβLs and virulence genes. Studies on molecular epidemiology of ESβL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates are needed, particularly for epidemiological surveillance in the hospital environment.
Effects of two bacterial inoculants and biostimulants on the growth performance of Amaranthus cruentus at different levels of spent-engine-oil-contaminated soil
Authors: Adeleye Adeniyi Olarewaju , Yerima Mohammed Bello , Nkereuwem Michael Edet , Onokebhagbe Victor Odiamehi , Sadiq Ismaila Shina , Amoo Florence Kemi , Raji Madinat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the growth performance of Amaranthus cruentus on spent-engine-oil- (SEO) contaminated soil bioremediated with bacterial inoculants and processed biostimulants: compost, sole cocoa pod husk (CPH), and sole cow dung (CD). SEO with 5%, 10%, and 15% densities was artificially contaminated with sterilized soil. Subsequently, biostimulants and bacterial inoculants, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, were applied. The treatments were replicated three times, adopting a completely randomized design. After the biodegradation assay that lasted for 70 days, Amaranthus cruentus seeds were sown, while its growth parameters, plant height, number of leaves, and stem girth were monitored for 6 weeks after sowing (WAS). The results generated indicate that the applied biostimulants and bacterial inoculants accomplished significant (P < 0.05) reclamation of the SEO-contaminated soil as the test plant recorded substantial growth compared with the controls that recorded no growth. At 2 WAS, compost influenced the highest plant heights (6.5, 7.4, and 7.5 cm) compared with other biostimulants at 5%, 10%, and 15% SEO contamination levels respectively. At 4 WAS, all biostimulants produced the same number of leaves (5.0) at 5% SEO contamination level, the compost recorded the highest number of leaves (6.0) at 10% SEO contamination level, while all biostimulants produced the same number of leaves (4.0) at 15% SEO contamination level. The study showed that the combination of biostimulants and bacterial inoculants significantly reclaimed SEO contaminated soil. Therefore, reclamation of petroleum-impacted environments with the combination of biostimulation and bioaugmentation is recommended.
Insecticide efficacy on ticks (Dermacentor spp.) – Case study from an infested territory in Transylvania, Romania
Authors: Csorba Artúr Botond , Putnoky-Csicsó Barna , Demeter Antal , Nyárádi Imre-István , Bálint János 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ticks can be a major concern for humans and animals alike through the transmission of various viral and bacterial diseases. Ticks have also developed tolerance to several active compounds due to intensive insecticide treatments. The excess use of insecticides against ticks worldwide is mostly environmental contamination rather than effective control. Thus, information about the useful chemicals is essential. Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus individuals were tested, being collected in Transylvania, near the city of Târgu-Mureş, Romania. The experiment was performed under laboratory conditions in two replicates, using a total of 420 ticks and 19 insecticides. The best results were achieved with alpha-cypermethrin and pyrethrin.
Research on low carbon financial support strategies from the perspective of eco-environmental protection
Authors: Jiang Lihong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth analysis and research on low carbon financial support strategies from the perspective of ecological environmental protection. The understanding and analysis of the development status of ecological environmental protection inspectors, the analysis of the current rule of law construction, organizational structure, operation mechanism and capacity of the current ecological environmental protection inspectors, the understanding of the defects and problems in the work of the inspectors, to provide a basis for improving the inspection function. Through financial instruments It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to realise the full utilization of resources, the optimization of industrial structure and the low-carbon cycle development of agricultural economy. Combining the current situation and constraints of financial support for low-carbon agriculture, we propose targeted financial policy recommendations such as credit innovation for agricultural green projects rich in characteristics and conducive to the development of low-carbon agriculture, broadening private financing channels for low-carbon agriculture, and exploring low-carbon agricultural insurance. The entropy value method is used to determine the index weights, and the comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the comprehensive development evaluation value of the two subsystems; finally, the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyse the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of the carbon finance and low-carbon agriculture composite systems, and the factors affecting the coupling coordination degree are analysed on this basis. Although the coupling level between them is at a low level of coupling, it is in transition to a medium coupling; the coupling coordination degree is at a mild disorder, and gradually in transition to a near disorder.
Elements of polish culture in belarus as a constituent of the tourist potential of the stańkowo town
Authors: Błażejak Yuliya , Dąbrowski Dominik 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work: The paper presents the tourist potential on the example of the small town of Stankava (Polish name: Stańkowo) in the Minsk Oblast in Belarus.

Materials and methods: The research was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method using the questionnaire as an author’s tool in 2019. The research sample comprised 196 respondents – inhabitants and tourists (including 142 women and 54 men).

Results: The results of the research show that Stankava is a naturally and culturally attractive tourist area referring to the history of the former borderlands of Poland with an unused development potential. However, in the opinion of respondents, actions of local authorities regarding the preservation of historical memory and the tourist promotion of the town by means of available resources are on a very low level. When assessing the tourist infrastructure, they indicated the lack of tourist trails, services, accommodation facilities and food outlets. The insufficient marking of existing attractions and historically important places was noticed, too. In the tourists’ view, natural and cultural objects are the most important attraction during holiday in the place under analysis.

Conclusions: In order to make fuller use of the tourist potential of the town, it is necessary to develop its tourist and recreational infrastructure and to increase the role of tourism and recreation in the development policy of local authorities.
Effect of Aminosteroid U74389G in a Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Rats
Authors: Krastev Plamen K. , Blazhev Alexander B. , Stavreva Galya Ts. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Lazaroid U-74389G is a synthetic 21-aminosteroid with free radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of U-74389G on experimental 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid hydrate (DNBS)-induced colitis in Wistar rats. Five experimental groups were formed: a sham control group, a control group, treated with 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol intrarectally (n=8), a group treated with DNBS (30 mg in 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol administered intrarectally, (n=8), a group treated with DNBS and U-74389G at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg i.p. (n=8), and a group treated with DNBS and sulfasalazine, orally, at a dose of 300 mg/kg. During the experiment, the bodyweight of the rats, food intake, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the stool were recorded as markers of clinical condition. On day 6, colonic tissues were excised and scored for macroscopic and histological damage. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of cytokines by ELISA methods. DNBS decreased significantly body weight (from 237.00±2.52 g to 212.50±6.25 g, p=0.04). The rats treated with U-74389G showed greater food intake and weight gain. U-74389G reduced ulceration index: the U-74389G score was 1.25±0.25, and the DNBS score –3.87±0.61; p<0.05. All other macroscopic parametersassessed were significantly improved in rats treated with U-74389G. The levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, were significantly lower than those of the DNBS group, while U-74389G significantly elevated the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10. These findings indicate that U-74389G significantly inhibits colonic inflammatory damages in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.
Study of the Content of Heavy Metals in Foods in Bulgaria
Authors: Drambozova Ivelina R. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Food safety is a priority for the European Union (EU). EU food safety policy covers all sectors of the food chain. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted in Bulgaria on contaminants in plant and animal foods as one of the priority areas of food safety policy. Metals are part of the chemical pollutants in the environment. People are exposed to metals from the environment and food and water contaminated with metals. Researchers have found that the intake of metals with food is different and that food exposure is the primary way of metal exposure.
Single-Dose Cold Modified Bretschneider Solution for Myocardial Protection in the Surgical Treatment of Patients with Aortic Valve Stenosis and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Uzov Petar H. , Ivanov Chavdar M. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is predominantly caused by degenerative calcification in patients over 70 years. It obstructs the left ventricular outflow tract. The result is concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) wall stress and ischemia-induced myocardial fibrosis. [1] According to the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery, all high-grade AS patients are indicated for Aortic valve intervention [2]. One of the most recommendable methods for myocardial protection during surgical aortic valve replacement is antegrade delivery of cold crystalloid cardioplegia. Our retrospective study included 173 operated patients with AS and LVH. We observed the MB fraction of the enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MB) as a postoperative marker for myocardial hypoprotection in different patients. Our results showed that a single dose of modified Bretschnaider solution provided safe and long enough myocardial protection during conventional and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement in patients with AS and LVH [3].
School Leadership: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Maheshwari Greeni 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of empirical studies on school leadership across the globe and then specifically for public high schools in Vietnam. There are very few studies done on the leadership of school leaders in Vietnamese public schools and how leadership can affect the school’s overall performance. Hence this review aims to address this gap and provide a review of leadership practices, the effect of school leadership which might enhance the leadership at public high schools in Vietnam

Methodology: Narrative systematic review was conducted by identifying the papers published in educational journals were analyzed using different databases and based on the main findings of those papers, the review of the literature was written.

Findings: The review suggested that there are differences in the leadership styles practiced in Vietnam as compared to the rest of the world. The leaders in Vietnamese schools do not have full autonomy to make the decisions and MOET (Ministry of Education and Training) plays a significant role in making decisions.

Value added: This review of literature has aimed to fill the gap regarding the educational leadership system in the Vietnamese high school context whereas very limited studies have focused on this and how leadership can impact school performance in general.

Recommendations: This review can prove to be an effective document for government authorities in Vietnam and other worldwide schools where the leaders might not be given the full autonomy to make the decisions and hence might have an effect on teachers and students’ satisfaction levels in the schools. Hence, it is important to provide some autonomy to leaders at least at micro-level.
Tourism, Hospitality and COVID-19: Business Challenges and Transformations; the Case of Destination and Resort Planning, Development, and Policy Framework
Authors: Al-Hasni Zakiya Salim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective: This paper aims at restoring tourism and hospitality economic sectors following the negative impacts of the COVID-19. It addresses how behaviour changes can impact the global economy and the relationship between the COVID-19 and the economic development of a country as well as the policy measures to restore the global economy. The findings from this research will be useful to the tourism and hospitality sectors of the global economies. The recommendations from the study are helpful in decision-making when restoring the global economy.

Methodology: To pursue its aim, the study uses Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats (SWOT Analysis). This method helps determine the strategic factors that will ensure the global economy's restoration during the COVID-19 period. Additionally, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method helps prioritize the strategic factors to provide the most effective is used.

Findings: The research findings indicate that the knowledge that people adapt is constant. Since abrupt changes in behaviour among individuals in the global context is a challenge, the report observes the need to adjust to the new action, especially when adapting to new geographical locations. The tourism sector, for instance, suffers majorly. Notably, most countries are on an economic standstill; this is attributable to the increasing financial crisis because of bans on international travel. Further, the research reflects the pandemic's emergency, especially in the economic, political, and socio-cultural sectors. Concerning the relationship between the pandemic and the global economy, the research observes a backpedalling characterized by low growth in the global gross domestic product (GDP), a significant determinant of economic development in many countries. Economic research indicates poorly productive economies, reduced consumption of locally manufactured goods, and employment losses.

Recommendations: The report recommends developing new mechanisms and policy measures besides behavioural changes to restore the global economy. However, variations, complications, and modifications characterize these measures. Additionally, the research's proposed strategies acknowledge that the economy's tourism and hospitality sectors require reinstation from income employment, social inclusion, and socio-economic solidarity. Reinstation is also mandatory in cultural exchange and peaceful coexistence.

Value-added: The results indicate that COVID-19 will break down the tourism sector's economic development structure; hence, strategic initiatives will be vital in achieving the economy's sustainable tourism and hospitality sectors. The inclusion of production and consumption is related to the current global economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Women Linguistic Features in the Craig Gillespie’s Movie “I, Tonya”
Authors: Purnata Kadek , Budiarsa Made , Sri Rahayuni Ni Ketut 
Published: January 2022

Lakoff's assertion about women's language was a breakthrough in linguistics. However, many linguists and researchers also criticized and stated different perspectives towards Lakoff's theory. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to know whether Lakoff's theory is still relevant nowadays. This study used the movie “I’ Tonya” as the data source. It was applied with quantitative and qualitative analysis. It is a documentation method supported with a corpus analysis based on the concordance technique using AntConc software. The findings show that nine types of women's linguistics features were used by the female characters in the “I’ Tonya” movie. Meanwhile, one type of women linguistics feature of the precise color term was not found. From 10677 words of corpus data from “I’ Tonya” subtitles script, women used lexical hedges accounting for 64% while men only 36%. It was also found in intensifier where women used accounting for 103 expressions and men only 37 expressions. However, in avoidance of strong swear words, women were using swear words about 71% compared to only 28% used by men.
Idea smart city jako element mechanizmów sprawowania władzy na poziomie lokalnym i regionalnym
Authors: Bartoszewicz Bartosz 
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie roli działań zaliczanych do obszaru smart city w sprawowaniu władzy na poziomie lokalnym i regionalnym. To także analiza samego obszaru smart city pozwalająca na szczegółowe zdiagnozowanie zakresu aktywności miast, których pojęcie to dotyczy. Utrzymujący się światowy trend urbanizacji i relokacji mieszkańców na rzecz większych skupisk miejskich i aglomeracji oznacza, że to przedstawiciele władz regionalnych i lokalnych w coraz większym stopniu wpływają na jakość życia i skuteczność w rozwiązywaniu najpoważniejszych problemów społecznych. W dużym zakresie w procesach tych wsparciem mogą być rozwiązania oparte o nowe technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne oraz inne, zaliczane do szeroko pojętego obszaru smart city. Nazwa ta, definiująca miasta jako inteligentne coraz częściej stanowi ważny wyznacznik w opracowywanych i realizowanych przez władze regionalne i lokalne strategiach rozwoju. Same sformułowanie „smart city” z forsowanego w początkowej fazie swego istnienia przez przedsiębiorstwa, ostatecznie zaczęło być także wykorzystywane w wytycznych kluczowych podmiotów instytucjonalnych o globalnym znaczeniu jak Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych czy Unia Europejska i stopniowo coraz powszechniej są one uwzględniane przez włodarzy regionalnych i lokalnych definiujących cele swojej aktywności.