bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacy personnel in primary care
Authors: Weir Natalie , Newham Rosemary , Dunlop Emma , Ferguson Aimee , Bennie Marion 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare worldwide. It has altered service delivery and posed challenges to practitioners in relation to workload, well-being and support. Within primary care, changes in physicians’ activities have been identified and innovative work solutions implemented. However, evidence is lacking regarding the impact of the pandemic on pharmacy personnel who work in primary care.

Aim:
To explore the impact of the pandemic on the working practice (including the type of services provided) and job satisfaction of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians within Scottish general practice. Due to the stressful nature of the pandemic, we hypothesise that job satisfaction will have been negatively affected.

Methods:
An online questionnaire was distributed in May–July 2021, approximately 15 months since initial lockdown measures in the UK. The questionnaire was informed by previous literature and underwent expert review and piloting. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, non-parametric statistical tests and thematic analysis.

Results:
180 participants responded (approximated 16.1% response rate): 134 pharmacists (74.4%) and 46 technicians (25.6%). Responses indicated greater involvement with administrative tasks and a reduction in the provision of clinical services, which was negatively perceived by pharmacists. There was an increase in remote working, although most participants continued to have a physical presence within general practices. Face-to-face interactions with patients reduced, which was negatively perceived by participants, and telephone consults were considered efficient yet less effective. Professional development activities were challenged by increased workloads and reduced support available. Although workplace stress was apparent, there was no indication of widespread job dissatisfaction.

Conclusion:
The pandemic has impacted pharmacists and technicians, but it is unknown if changes will be permanent, and there is a need to understand which changes should continue. Future research should explore the impact of altered service delivery, including remote working, on patient care.
Novel miniaturized arrow linked figure of eight square loop FSS-based multiband linear-circular and linear-cross reflective microwave polarizer
Authors: Shukoor Mohammad Abdul , Dey Sukomal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work demonstrates a novel, reflective-type, dual-polarized multiband polarization transformer for various C to Ku band applications. The design constitutes a top FSS printed on a thin FR-4 grounded dielectric substrate. A y/x-polarized incident wave experiences linear-circular conversion from 4.61 to 4.71 GHz (right-hand circular polarized (RHCP)/left-hand circular polarized (LHCP)), 5.44 to 7.68 GHz (LHCP/RHCP), 10.13 to 14.98 GHz (RHCP/LHCP), and 16.68 to 17.19 GHz (LHCP/RHCP) with 3.41, 34.15, 38.63, and 3.01% FBW, respectively. In addition, it performs linear-cross conversions with a minimum 90% polarization conversion ratio (PCR) from 4.92 to 5.18 GHz, 8.32 to 9.41 GHz, and 15.56 to 16.25 GHz with 5.15, 12.30, and 4.34% FBW. Multiple surface plasmonic resonances are responsible for these polarization conversions in different bands. The device performance is angular stable for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) incidences. The design novelty lies in compacted periodicity 0.112λL, low-profile thickness 0.037λL with a multi-conversion (switching the orthogonal circular rotation in consecutive bands), and stable angular response, which can potentially be used in real-time applications.
Investigation of a high-gain and broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna for RF energyharvesting application
Authors: Behera Bikash Ranjan , Mishra Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this research article, a metasurface (MTS)-loaded high-gain and broadband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna is reported. The proposed antenna configuration consists of a symmetric Y-shaped radiating monopole over a partial ground plane with extended twin parasitic conducting strips (PCS) loaded with a MTS reflector. To achieve left-hand circular polarization characteristics, a metallic copper strip is utilized to short the partial ground plane with one of the twin PCS [PCS(L)]. By using the grid-slotted sub patches on a rectangular MTS a reflector of 2λfa × 1.65λfa × 0.02λfa is placed just below the monopole radiator at a height of 0.33λfa, which provides broadened impedance (IBW) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) responses with high gain. The proposed prototype with an volumetric dimension of 1.33λfa × 0.9λfa × 0.02λfa at fa = 5 GHz is designed and characterized. It exhibits a measured IBW of 48.45% (3.57–5.89 GHz), ARBW of 25.25% (4.21–5.42 GHz), and CP gain of > 8.35 dBic with the antenna efficiency of > 75% in the desired operating frequency bands. The obtained performances of the proposed MTS antenna confirm its suitability for RF energy harvesting application.
Normative architecture and applied international humanitarian law
Authors: Schmitt Michael N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMilitary strategists have begun pivoting from a focus on counterterrorism, counter-insurgency and stability operations to potential peer and near-peer conflict. This shift has profound operational and tactical implications for how future wars will be fought, but equally, it will have a significant impact on how international humanitarian law (IHL) is understood and applied. This article considers the process by which the normative evolution of IHL will occur in response to a battlespace that looks different than it has for decades. To do so, the article introduces two concepts: “normative architecture” and “applied IHL”. It argues that only by understanding the difference between these two concepts, and their relationship to each other, can States and others concerned with how IHL is developing in the face of future conflict positively affect that process.
Structural Analysis of the Health Literacy Facet Access to Information on General Health, COVID-19 Infection Prevention, and Early Childhood Allergy Prevention in Pregnant Women and Mothers of Infants
Authors: Wirtz Markus Antonius , Dresch Carolin , Heiberger Andrea , Schulz Anja Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The health literacy (HL) facet Access to health information is measured in the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q47) by 12 items. To assess Access, we developed adapted item formulations for COVID-19 infection prevention (COVID-19-IP) and early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) in addition to the original 12 items on General Health (GH). N = 343 (expectant) mothers of infants answered the items in an online assessment. Confirmatory structural analyses for ordinal data were adopted (WLSMV-algorithm). Women’s item ratings varied significantly across domains (η2 = .017 – .552). Bi-factor models exhibited the best data fit (GH / COVID-19-IP / ECAP: CFI = .964 / .968 / .977; SRMR: .062 / .069 / .035): The general factor Access most strongly determined item information. Additionally, three subfactors contributed significantly (but rather weakly) to the item information in each domain. The overall score Access proved to be internally consistent (McDonald’s ωGH/COVID-19-IP/ECAP = .874 / .883 / .897) and was associated with socioeconomic state (McArthur scale; rGH/COVID-19-IP/ECAP = .218 / .210 / .146). Access correlated not or only weakly with the other HL facets Understand, Appraise, and Apply. The health domains GH, COVID-19-IP, and ECAP moderated both the difficulty and the dimensional structure of the 12 Access items. This suggests that in the HLS-EU Access reflects not only the search competence but also the availability of health information.
Statistical Study of Subauroral Arc Detachment at Athabasca, Canada: New Insights on STEVE
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Connors Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present the first comparative statistical study of subauroral arc detachment from the main auroral oval at Athabasca (magnetic latitude = 61.5°N), Canada, for three different types of subauroral arcs: pure red arc, red arc with simultaneous emission in green‐line (red + green arc), and STEVE (strong thermal emission velocity enhancement). Based on 15‐years (2006–2020) of all‐sky imaging observations, this study not only uncovers the occurrence characteristics of different arcs but also provides important insights into the specific geomagnetic conditions under which STEVE develops. Red arc was the most common subauroral arc (139 events), followed by red + green arc (42 events), and STEVE (26 events) was a rare phenomenon. The detachment rate of red and red + green arcs exhibits dependence on both the solar flux and geomagnetic activity. The detachment rate of STEVE was higher during premidnight, whereas that of red and red + green arcs was higher around the midnight sector. The geomagnetic activity was relatively higher for STEVE, the decrease in the AL index and local X‐component magnetic variations being ∼2–3 times higher for STEVE as compared to other arcs. STEVE shows a strong association with asymmetric ring current in terms of prominent bay‐like enhancement in ASY‐H index prior to its detachment. Such bay‐like enhancement was ∼4 times higher for STEVE as compared to other arcs. STEVE events were accompanied by dispersionless injection for both electron and proton flux at geosynchronous orbit. These results unambiguously suggest that STEVE develops after substorm associated energy injection and significant intensification of the asymmetric ring current.
Solid Earth Uplift Due To Contemporary Ice Melt Above Low‐Viscosity Regions of the Upper Mantle
Authors: Weerdesteijn Maaike F. M. , Conrad Clinton P. , Naliboff John B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlacial isostatic adjustment explains topographic change in formerly and currently glaciated regions, but the role of small (∼100s km) regions of unusually low‐viscosity mantle is poorly understood. We developed viscoelastic models with low‐viscosity regions in the upper mantle, and measured the effect of these regions on solid earth uplift resulting from contemporary surface ice melt. We found viscous uplift occurring on decadal timescales above the low‐viscosity region, at rates comparable to or larger than those from elastic uplift or the viscous response to ice age melting. We find that uplift rates are sensitive to the location, dimensions, and viscosity of the low‐viscosity region, and that the largest uncertainty in uplift rates likely comes from the low‐viscosity region's horizontal extent. Rapid viscous ground uplift can impact ice dynamics if the low‐viscosity region is located close to an ice sheet margin, as for Antarctica and Greenland.
Introduction to Special Collection “The Exceptional Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex in 2019/2020: Causes and Consequences”
Authors: Manney Gloria L. , Butler Amy H. , Wargan Krzysztof , Grooß Jens‐Uwe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the special collection in Geophysical Research Letters and Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres on the exceptional stratospheric polar vortex in 2019/2020. Papers in this collection show that the 2019/2020 stratospheric polar vortex was the strongest, most persistent, and coldest on record in the Arctic. The unprecedented Arctic chemical processing and ozone loss in spring 2020 have been studied using numerous satellite and ground‐based data sets and chemistry‐transport models. Quantitative estimates of chemical loss are broadly consistent among the studies and show profile loss of about the same magnitude as in the Arctic in 2011, but with most loss at lower altitudes; column loss was comparable to or larger than that in 2011. Several papers show evidence of dynamical coupling from the mesosphere down to the surface. Studies of tropospheric influence and impacts link the exceptionally strong vortex to reflection of upward propagating waves and show coupling to tropospheric anomalies, including extreme heat, precipitation, windstorms, and marine cold air outbreaks. Predictability of the exceptional stratospheric polar vortex in 2019/2020 and related predictability of surface conditions are explored. The exceptionally strong stratospheric polar vortex in 2019/2020 highlights the extreme interannual variability in the Arctic winter/spring stratosphere and the far‐reaching consequences of such extremes.
Chemical episodes in streams and lakes
Authors: Robbins Church M. 
Published: September 2022

To provide a forum for discussion of recent advances in the studies of chemical episodes in lakes and streams was the purpose of “Episodic Chemical Changes in Streams and Lakes as Related to Acidic Deposition,“ a Hydrology section session at the 1990 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The session was cochaired by M. Robbins Church and Keith Eshleman.In recent years this topic has been of special concern to federal and state regulatory agencies because of the demonstrated contribution of acidic deposition to chemical episodes (via heavy rainstorms or snow‐melts) with consequent adverse effects on aquatic biota. With heightened public and regulatory agency concern has come increased funding for this topic and consequent advances in scientific understanding. We hosted a similar session at the 1989 AGU Fall Meeting, which drew some 36 oral and poster presentations. Work has continued apace in this field and the 1990 session drew 12 oral presentations and 9 posters.
Honors
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Many in the space science community are wondering why NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin announced a sudden restructuring of the agency on October 15 (Eos, October 27). The shake‐up saw a split in the Office of Space Science and Applications into the office of Mission to Planetary Earth, which will include all the Earth sciences, and the Office of Planetary Science and Astrophysics.The restructuring, he said, is an attempt to align the agency with the new goals, which he outlined in an address to the Space Science and Applications Advisory Board (SSAAC) on November 5. Claiming that NASA's role has never been stated to the public and that Congress does not understand the agency's role, Goldin sought to clarify future directions for the agency.
Cool‐Water Carbonates, SEPM Special Publication No. 56
Authors: Hallock Pamela 
Published: September 2022

Doesn't field work on modern carbonates mean scuba diving on spectacular coral reefs in gin‐clear water teeming with brightly colored fish? Not if you are one of the researchers that Jonathan Clarke of the Western Mining Corporation Ltd., in Preston, Victoria, Australia, assembled at a workshop in Geelong, Victoria, in January 1995. Their field work involves research cruises in high‐latitude oceans, where mal de mer and chilling winds are constant companions. Many braved 10‐m seas in modest‐sized research vessels to sample shelves stripped of fine sediments by storm waves whose effects can reach to depths exceeding 200 m.Noel James of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, carefully lays the groundwork for the book in a paper titled, “The Cool‐Water Carbonate Depositional Realm,” which will assuredly become a standard reading assignment in advanced undergraduate‐and graduate‐level courses in carbonate sedimentology. James skillfully shows how cool‐water carbonates are part of the greater carbonate depositional spectrum. By expanding recognition of the possible range of carbonate environments, sedimentologists expand their ability to understand and interpret ancient carbonates, particularly Paleozoic limestones that often show striking similarities to modern cool‐water sediments. James' paper is followed by nine papers on modern cool‐water carbonates, seven on Tertiary environments, and seven examples from Mesozoic and Paleozoic limestones
Report from 17th Hydrology Days Conference available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The 17th annual Hydrology Days Conference was held from April 14–18,1997, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins. Highlights of the meeting included awards for the best student papers, given to Lyn Benjamin and Kevin Williams, both of Utah State University, and to Tom Sale of Colorado State University and Frank Barranco of the Colorado School of Mines.Proceedings from the meeting are available for $30 from H. J. Morel‐Seytoux (57 Selby Lane, Atherton, CA 94027‐3926 USA; tel. +1‐415‐365‐4080semi; e‐mail morelsey@usgs.gov)
Head for the Hill
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

About 250 scientists made 200 congressional visits during the 2nd annual Science and Technology Congressional Visits Day in Washington, D.C., last year.This year, organizers are hoping for an even bigger turnout for the Capitol Hill event that marks one time of the year when Congress feels that there is a science constituency, says David Applegate, director of governmental affairs for the American Geological Institute (AGI).
Real‐time El Nino education
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

With El Niño causing widespread weather problems in parts of the United States and other spots around the world, a new Internet site will help school teachers instruct their students about the meteorological anomaly as it is happening.Through April 5, the “El Nino Workshop Online for Educators,” developed by the University of Southern California Sea Grant program, will provide strategies for teaching kindergarteners through high school students about El Niño.
NOAA institutes science advisory board
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

James Baker, administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), looked at the distinguished scientists seated around the conference table on the sixth floor of the Main Commerce Building in Washington, D.C., in mid‐July, smiled, and called them “PWAKT.” He joked that it was an acronym he had created that means “people who actually know things.”The PWAKTs, who are experts in many of NOAA's science areas, had arrived from around the country to attend the first meeting of the newly established NOAA Science Advisory Board. Their charge is to advise Baker on long‐ and short‐range strategies for research, education, and application of science to resource management, and to provide input to ensure that NOAA science programs are of the highest quality and provide optimal support to resource management.
Hydrology Committee selects 1998 Horton Research Grant recipients
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

This year, for the first time in the history of the AGU Horton Research Grant, the Hydrology Committee has selected three recipients.Chris G. Campbell is presently working under the supervision of Dr. Masoud Ghodrati at U.C. Berkeley. His Ph.D. dissertation is titled “Quantitative Characterization of NPS Pollution Transport on Rangeland Hillslope.” Chris received his bachelor's degree in conservation and resource studies, and his master's degree in range management from U.C. Berkeley.
Diplomats urge U.S. to ratify desertification treaty
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

While the U.S. Congress is dealing with the current presidential crisis and trying to pass a budget before adjourning in early October, some diplomats are warning that a key piece of legislation that affects nearly one billion people in more than 100 countries is being overlooked.The Senate must ratify the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) before the next meeting of the convention on November 30 in Senegal, in order for the United States to be a full participant in working out the technical details of the treaty.
U.S. Senate confirms new USGS director
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Shortly before adjourning in October, the U.S. Senate confirmed Charles Groat as the new director of the U.S. Geological Survey. Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt is expected to swear him in shortly as the agency's 13th director. Groat takes over from Thomas Casadevall, who has served as acting director since Gordon Eaton resigned in September 1997.Groat, an AGU member, has more than 25 years of experience in the Earth science fields, including energy and minerals resource assessment, groundwater occurrence and protection, geomorphic processes and landform evolution in desert areas, and coastal studies.
NASA helps the Star Spangled Banner
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

A camera developed by NASA to explore Mars is helping to preserve the Star Spangled Banner, the U.S. flag that flew during the War of 1812 and inspired the lyrics to the national anthem.The Acousto‐Optic Imaging Spectrometer (AImS) can detect deteriorated and soiled areas not visible to the human eye, such as moisture and oils on the wool surface of the flag.
Mesopotamian fertile crescent nearly gone, new study indicates
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Something is terribly amiss in the marshlands of the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia, where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flow, and where Gilgamesh, the hero of an epic that dates at least as far back as the third millennium B.C., ruled.The marshlands, which are located primarily in Iraq and once extended between 15,000 and 20,000 square kilometers, now have been reduced to less than 1,500 to 2,000 square kilometers, according to a new study issued May 18 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The marshlands could disappear in the near future if no immediate corrective actions are taken, according to Hassan Partow, the principal author of the UNEP study and a scientist within the agency's division of early warning and assessment.
Ig nobel marriage vows
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Two geologists at Arizona State University (ASU), AGU member Will Stefanov and Lisa Danielson, celebrated their “Ig Nobel” wedding on October 4. The couple married during a 60‐second ceremony in front of a crowd of 1200, which included many other scientists and four actual Nobel prize winners at this year's offbeat Ig Nobel Prizes ceremony in Sanders Theater on the campus of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.The wedding was the culmination of the Ig Nobel ceremony, an annual fete sponsored by the science humor magazine, Annals of Improbable Research (AIR), which honors oddball scientific achievements. Danielson, a doctoral candidate at ASU whose interests include experimental petrology and geochemistry was one of about 20 people who responded to a notice to wed during the Ig Nobel.
New technique maps bioremediation
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Before researchers can effectively harness microbial populations for bioremediation, they first need to understand why some microbes are attracted to specific minerals.A new tool for studying the feasibility of in situ bioremediation has now been shown to be able to map mineral crystals and bacterial growth on basalt, according to Mary Kauffman, a geo‐microbiologist with the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) in Idaho Falls. Kauffman described her research on December 11 at the 2001 AGU Fall Meeting.