bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BASS. XXXVI. Constraining the Local Supermassive Black Hole–Halo Connection with BASS DR2 AGNs
Authors: Powell M. C. , Allen S. W. , Caglar T. , Cappelluti N. , Harrison F. , Irving B. E. , Koss M. J. , Mantz A. B. , Oh K. , Ricci C. , Shaper R. J. , Stern D. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Urry C. M. , Wong J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate the connection between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host dark matter halos in the local universe using the clustering statistics and luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Swift/BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS DR2). By forward-modeling AGN activity into snapshot halo catalogs from N-body simulations, we test a scenario in which SMBH mass correlates with dark matter (sub)halo mass for fixed stellar mass. We compare this to a model absent of this correlation, where stellar mass alone determines the SMBH mass. We find that while both simple models are able to largely reproduce the abundance and overall clustering of AGNs, the model in which black hole mass is tightly correlated with halo mass is preferred by the data by 1.8σ. When including an independent measurement on the black hole mass–halo mass correlation, this model is preferred by 4.6σ. We show that the clustering trends with black hole mass can further break the degeneracies between the two scenarios and that our preferred model reproduces the measured clustering differences on one-halo scales between large and small black hole masses. These results indicate that the halo binding energy is fundamentally connected to the growth of SMBHs.
Finding of a Population of Active Galactic Nuclei Showing a Significant Luminosity Decline in the Past ∼103–104 yr
Authors: Pflugradt Janek , Ichikawa Kohei , Akiyama Masayuki , Kokubo Mitsuru , Vijarnwannaluk Bovornpractch , Noda Hirofumi , Chen Xiaoyang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent observations have revealed an interesting active galactic nucleus (AGN) subclass that shows strong activity at large scales (∼1 kpc) but weaker at small scales (<10 pc), suggesting a strong change in the mass accretion rate of the central engine in the past 103–104 yr. We systematically search for such declining or fading AGNs by cross-matching the Sloan Digital Sky Survey type 1 AGN catalog at z < 0.4, covering the [O iii] λ5007 emission line, which is a tracer for the narrow-line region emission, with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mid-infrared (MIR) catalog covering the emissions from the dusty tori. Out of the 7653 sources, we found 57 AGNs whose bolometric luminosities estimated from the MIR band are at least one order of magnitude fainter than those estimated from the [O iii] λ5007 emission line. This luminosity-declining AGN candidate population shows four important properties: (1) the past AGN activity estimated from the [O iii] λ5007 line reaches approximately the Eddington limit; (2) more than 30% of the luminosity-declining AGN candidates show a large absolute variability of ΔW1 > 0.45 mag in the previous ∼10 yr at the WISE 3.4 μm band; (3) the median ratio of log([N ii] λ6584/Hα
λ6563) = −0.52, suggesting a lower gas metallicity and/or higher ionization parameter compared to other AGN populations; and (4) the second-epoch spectra of the population indicate a spectral type change for 15% of the sources. This population provides insights on the possible connection between the luminosity decline that started ∼103–104 yr ago and the decline in the recent 10 yr.
The First Direct Measurement of Gravitational Potential Decay Rate at Cosmological Scales and Improved Dark Energy Constraint
Authors: Dong Fuyu , Zhang Pengjie , Sun Zeyang , Park Changbom 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect probes the decay rate (DR) of large-scale gravitational potential and therefore provides a unique constraint on dark energy (DE). However, its constraining power is degraded by the ISW measurement, which relies on cross-correlating with the large-scale structure (LSS) and suffers from uncertainties in galaxy bias and matter clustering. In combination with lensing-LSS cross correlation, DR can be isolated in a way free of uncertainties in galaxy bias and matter clustering. We applied this proposal to the combination of the Data Release 8 galaxy catalog of DESI imaging surveys and Planck cosmic microwave background maps. We achieved the first DR measurement, with a total significance of 3.2σ. We verified the measurements at three redshift bins ([0.2, 0.4), [0.4, 0.6), [0.6, 0.8]), with two LSS tracers (the “low-density points” and the conventional galaxy positions). Despite its relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, the addition of DR significantly improves dark energy constraints, over Sloan Digital Sky Survey baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data alone or Pantheon supernovae (SNe) compilation alone. For flat wCDM cosmology, the improvement in the precision of Ω
m
is a factor of 1.8 over BAO and 1.5 over SNe. For the DE equation of state w, the improvement factor is 1.3 over BAO and 1.4 over SNe. These improvements demonstrate DR as a useful cosmological probe, and therefore we advocate its usage in future cosmological analysis.
Double Shells of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7009 Minor Axis
Authors: Lee Seong-Jae , Hyung Siek , Otsuka Masaaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the minor-axis spectra of the elliptical planetary nebula (PN) NGC 7009 observed with Keck HIRES with a 0.″862 × 10″ slit placed at about 7.″5 and 10″ away from the center and a 0.″862 × 14″ slit at the center. The mean densities derived from the integrated [S ii] 6716/6731 Å fluxes along the Keck HIRES slit length indicate a density range of 103.7–104.1 cm−3, while the local densities derived from the slit spectral images show a large local density variation of about 102.8–104.6 cm−3: local densities vary more substantially than values integrated over the line of sight. The expansion rates of the main and outer shells obtained by [S ii] are about 21.7 and 30.0 km s−1, respectively. The kinematic results of the [S ii] spectral lines correspond to the outermost regions of the two shells and are not representative of the whole PN but are closely related to the other emission lines observed in the shell gas. We conclude that the density contrast leads to the formation of the inner shell, while the change in ionization state leads to the formation of the outer shell. We suggest that the inner main and outer shells result from two successive major ejections. The physical conditions of the central star must have been different when these shells first formed.
On the Mass Function of GWTC-2 Binary Black Hole Systems and Their Progenitors
Authors: Park Hye-Jin , Kim Shin-Jeong , Kim Shinna , van Putten Maurice H. P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The distribution of LIGO black hole binaries (BBH) shows an intermediate-mass range consistent with the Salpeter initial mass function (IMF) in black hole formation by core-collapse supernovae, subject to preserving binary association. They are effectively parameterized by the mean mass μ with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.93 ± 0.06 of secondary to primary masses with a mean mass ratio of

q

¯

≃
0.67

, q = M
2/M
1, consistent with the paucity of intermediate-mass X-ray binaries. The mass function of LIGO BBHs is well approximated by a broken power law with a tail μ ≳ 31.4 M
⊙ in the mean binary mass

μ
=

M

1

+

M

2

/

2

. Its power-law index of α

B,true
= 4.77 ± 0.73 inferred from the tail of the observed mass function is found to approach the upper bound 2α

S
= 4.7 of the uncorrelated binary IMF, defined by the Salpeter index α

S
= 2.35 of the IMF of stars. The observed low scatter in BBH mass ratio q evidences equalizing mass transfer in binary evolution prior to BBH formation. At the progenitor redshift

z

′

, furthermore, the power-law index satisfies

α

B

′

>

α

B

in a flat ΛCDM background cosmology. The bound

α

B
,
true

′

≲
2

α

S

hereby precludes early formation at arbitrarily high redshifts

z

′

≫
1

, which may be made more precise and robust with extended BBH surveys from upcoming LIGO O4-5 observations.
Kmap Solver: um aplicativo móvel gratuito para o ensino de simplificações pelo mapa de Karnaugh
Authors: Moutinho Adriano Martins , Corrêa de Andrades José Carlos , Pereira José Fernandes , Fontes de Carvalho Ribeiro Rodrigues José Antonio , Camillo Luciano Mendes 
Published: October 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é documentar o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo didático para o Google Android – sistema operacional para dispositivos móveis –, capaz de resolver expressões lógicas de até cinco variáveis, mostrando soluções obtidas por meio de mapas de Karnaugh. O mapa de Karnaugh é um método tradicional de simplificação de expressões booleanas que permite, a partir de uma visualização gráfica, encontrar variáveis comuns entre termos, minimizando-os. Apesar de simples, aprender competentemente a técnica operatória do mapa requer treino e exemplos com diversas combinações das variáveis de entrada, o que é propiciado nesse aplicativo. A pesquisa realizada a partir das avaliações obtidas no Google Play revelou que existe interesse de alunos e professores na utilização do aplicativo como suporte didático em aulas de ciência da computação, eletrônica e outras áreas afins, tanto em nível médio técnico como em nível superior. A partir das sugestões coletadas na pesquisa, almejam-se, num trabalho próximo, adaptações do algoritmo utilizado, tornando-o mais versátil, de forma que ele possa ser aplicado a disciplinas mais instrumentais, como Álgebra I. Além disso, o próprio desenvolvimento do algoritmo aqui apresentado representa um ótimo exercício para o ensino de lógica de programação, além da própria lógica booleana.
La migration de la sensibilité des animaux du Code rural au Code civil
Authors: Leroy Jacques , Marguénaud Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2022

La loi du 10 juillet 1976, relayée un quart de siècle plus tard par l’article L 214-1 du Code rural et de la pêche maritime, a expressément reconnu la qualité d’êtres sensibles des animaux devant être placés par leur propriétaire dans des conditions compatibles avec les impératifs biologiques de leur espèce. Cependant, inscrite dans une loi destinée à protéger la flore et la faune sauvages, cette disposition visait davantage les espèces que les individus et s’inscrivait dans une approche antinomique de protection d’un être sensible en fonction de sa qualité d’être appropriable. Les perspectives ont radicalement changé lorsque la sensibilité des animaux, cantonnée dans le Code rural qui protège d’abord les intérêts d’une catégorie professionnelle, a été également reconnue par le Code civil, considéré comme la Constitution civile des Français au service de l’ensemble de la société civile. À partir du nouvel article 515-14 du Code civil, c’est la sensibilité de tous les animaux, soumis ou préservés de la domination de l’homme, qui est désormais prise en compte. Surtout, le nouveau statut civil de l’animal – désormais reconnu comme un être vivant doué de sensibilité – s’est logiquement articulé à partir de son extraction, laborieuse mais incontestable, de la catégorie des biens. Dès lors, des perspectives de personnification juridique de certains animaux peuvent s’ouvrir, dans la mesure où celle-ci est essentiellement envisagée comme un moyen technique particulièrement commode pour renforcer leur protection.
Vers de nouveaux principes constitutionnels du droit des finances publiques ?
Authors: Oliva Éric 
Published: October 2022

Les principes budgétaires ont en France été inscrits essentiellement dans la loi organique relative aux lois de finances. Pour diverses raisons le Conseil constitutionnel a fait le choix de les ériger cependant en principes à valeur constitutionnelle en rattachant directement certains principes comme l’annualité ou la sincérité directement à un ou plusieurs textes du bloc de constitutionnalité et en particulier de la Déclaration de 1789 et de la Constitution de 1958. D’autres principes sont constitutionnalisés, mais avec certaines incertitudes. Enfin, le constituant a directement inscrit en 2008 dans la Constitution certains principes budgétaires et comptables importants et nouveaux. D’autres principes pourraient à l’avenir être également constitutionnalisés, mais se pose alors la question de l’utilité d’une telle démarche.
Le métier de conseiller(ère) en génétique
Authors: Mallet Audrey , Lévy Pascale , Jonveaux Philippe 
Published: October 2022

Le métier de conseiller(ère) en génétique a été mis en place en France par la loi de bioéthique du 9 août 2004. Face à l’évolution des connaissances et aux progrès technologiques, il répond au flux de plus en plus important de patients qui ont recours à un examen génétique. Le conseiller en génétique intervient lors d’une consultation dédiée, selon une procédure standardisée, sous la responsabilité d’un médecin qualifié en génétique. Le conseiller en génétique exerce au sein d’une équipe pluridisciplinaire dans les établissements de santé publics ou privés et au sein des centres de diagnostic prénatal. Il traduit des données complexes de la génétique en une information claire, adaptée et utile qu’il délivre aux personnes et à leurs familles susceptibles de faire l’objet ou ayant fait l’objet d’un examen des caractéristiques génétiques ou d’une analyse aux fins du diagnostic prénatal. Il s’agit d’un conseil génétique qui se veut non directif, visant à accompagner la personne dans sa décision et son parcours de soins en assurant la liaison avec l’ensemble des acteurs du système socio-sanitaire. La loi de bioéthique du 2 août 2021 a élargi les missions du conseiller en génétique qui, sous la responsabilité du médecin qualifié en génétique, peut être amené à prescrire certains examens de biologie médicale et à communiquer les résultats à la personne concernée, en accord avec le médecin sous la responsabilité duquel il intervient.
Biotechnology firms, signals, and venture capital investment
Authors: Solé Udina Ernest , Domingo-Perez Susana , Amat Oriol 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Biotechnology has gained such prominence that approximately 50% of the new drugs developed in the world are of biotechnological origin. Some of the Covid-19 vaccines are a good example of this. The biotechnology R&D projects are characterized by high costs, prolonged development times, and a high degree of uncertainty and failure. Few types of financial agents undertake such a risky investment: venture capital firms invest in high-tech, high-risk companies. In this paper, we analyze the signals that influence venture capital investment decisions.Design/methodology/approach: Hypotheses about the effectiveness of these signals are validated by means of a probit regression with panel data on a sample of 210 biotechnology companies established in Spain over a ten-year period.Findings: Positive and negative signalling effect has been found for some of the phenomena analysed, which validate the proposed model.Research limitations/implications: A convenience sample has been used for methodological reasons, and some phenomena that could have some effect on the venture capital investment decisions have not been possible to observe, due to the lack of available data.Practical implications: It can be crucial for biotechnology firms that their managers know which characteristics make these firms attractive to venture capital firms. Additionally, it is important to know those signals that, instead of favouring this investment, deter it.Originality/value: The focus on the first venture capital investment -instead of the most usual focus on the amount invested- as an event that mitigates the information asymmetry level, the use of a probit regression with panel data, and such a quantitative analysis on the Spanish biotech industry, never done before, highlight the originality of this work.
Long-Term Retinal Vascular Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Lee Sophie C. , Rusakevich Alexander M. , Amin Aana , Tran Steven , Emami-Naeini Parisa , Moshiri Ala , Park Susanna S. , Yiu Glenn 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine if age-related macular degeneration (AMD) status affects longitudinal retinal vessel changes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, cohort study of 125 eyes (75 patients) with AMD, following retinal vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) over 24 months.

RESULTS:

FAZ area (
P
< .001) and perimeter (
P
< .001) increased over 2 years, with no difference between nonexudative and exudative AMD (
P
= .134–.976). Eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) showed greater progressive VD loss (
P
= .023–.038), and greater increase in FAZ area (
P
= .044) and perimeter (
P
= .040) compared to eyes without GA. Neither baseline nor 2-year change in vascular parameters were associated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or GA incidence in nonexudative AMD, or anti-VEGF injection frequency in exudative AMD (
P
= .070–.952).

CONCLUSION:
AMD eyes with GA undergo more rapid loss of retinal vessel density and FAZ enlargement over 2 years, suggesting a relationship between the retinal vasculature and AMD pathophysiology.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2022;53:529–536.]
Comparative efficacy of ketamine, lidocaine, acetaminophen, and dexmedetomidine combined with morphine patient-controlled analgesia in treating opium-addicted patients undergoing tibia fracture surgery
Authors: Modir Hesameddin , Moshiri Esmail , Azami Mehran , Zad Maryam Joshaghani , Hashiani Amir Almasi 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To compare the effect of ketamine, lidocaine, acetaminophen, and dexmedetomidine combined with morphine patient-controlled analgesia for opium addicts after tibial fracture surgery.

Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial included opium-addicted patients undergoing tibia fracture surgery. Patients were recruited and randomized to four different groups including the ketamine group, the lidocaine group, the acetaminophen group, and the dexmedetomidine group. The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, and arterial SaO2, alongside visual analog scale pain scores, sedation assessed by Ramsay score, nausea and vomiting, and opioid use were recorded and compared among the four groups.

Results:
This study included 140 patients, aged 37 (32, 41) years, with 92 males and 48 females, and each group had 35 patients. Dexmedetomidine-sedated subjects had the lowest blood pressure from 1 to 24 h after surgery, decreased HR at 12 and 24 h after surgery, and more satisfactory sedation (P<0.05). Notwithstanding no significant difference was noted in the pain scores, or nausea and vomiting among the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine has a better sedation effect compared to ketamine, lidocaine, and acetaminophen for pain control, but the final choice hinges on the patients’ physical condition and the anesthesiologist's preference.

Clinical registarion:
It is registered in Iranian Registry Clinical Trial by code IRCT20141209020258N146.
COVID-19 presentation as acute pancreatitis
Authors: Kumar Abhyuday , Valiyaparambath A. , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Ajeet 
Published: October 2022

Rationale:
The gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. However, pancreatitis as the presentation of COVID-19 is rarely reported.

Patient’s Concern:
A 63-year-old COVID-19 patient presented with complaints of abdominal pain and difficulty breathing for 5 d.

Diagnosis:
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen suggested acute interstitial pancreatitis without any biliary tract obstruction.

Interventions:
The patient was resuscitated with intravenous fluids based on dynamic parameters of fluid responsiveness. The patient was started on enteral feeding, analgesics, antibiotics, dexamethasone, low molecular weight heparin, and supportive therapy.

Outcomes:
The patient developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and died 6 days after admission.

Lessons:
Management of COVID-19 in the presence of pancreatitis is challenging. Adequate early fluid resuscitation is an important aspect of medical management for COVID-19 patients with pancreatitis and restrictive strategies must be followed. Increased liver enzymes and renal dysfunction in acute pancreatitis can also limit the use of specific therapies like remdesivir. Dexamethasone, even though it has shown a beneficial effect in treating COVID-19, can have an additive effect in causing hyperglycemia in these cases. Clinicians should be aware of this atypical presentation of COVID-19 with pancreatitis and adjust their management strategies, keeping in mind the considerations for both diseases.
An Analysis of Underrepresented in Medicine Away Rotation Scholarships in Surgical Specialties
Authors: Bernstein Sophie L. , Wei Chapman , Gu Alex , Campbell Joshua C. , Fufa Duretti 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Underrepresented in medicine (UIM) visiting student clerkship scholarships provide an opportunity for supporting diversity. Although these scholarships have become a popular initiative to recruit diverse surgical applicants, they have not been thoroughly analyzed regarding which programs offer scholarships and the characteristics of the scholarships. UIM scholarship opportunity disparities may exist depending on location, funding, reputation, and program size among different specialties.

Objective
To describe the characteristics and prevalence of UIM visiting student scholarships by examining institutional and program websites for the surgical specialties.

Methods
Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Accreditation Data System for 2021, residency training and diversity websites were identified and evaluated for the availability of UIM visiting student scholarships in July 2021. Eight surgical specialties were examined. Scholarships were categorized by how UIM was defined, the funding amount provided, and scholarship application requirements. We analyzed the association of the program's National Institutes of Health funding, size, type, region, reputation, and population density of the program's area via Doximity on scholarship availability using chi-square and multivariate analysis.

Results
Of the 1058 analyzed programs, 314 (29.7%) had a UIM visiting student scholarship. There were 4 different definitions of UIM used among the analyzed programs. The average scholarship amount offered was $1,852.25 ($500-$4,000). Depending on the specialty, different variables were associated with whether a program had a UIM scholarship.

Conclusions
Currently, UIM scholarship offerings were variable between programs and surgical specialties.