bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic controls on the origin and segmentation of the Cascade Arc, USA
Authors: Humphreys Eugene D. , Grunder Anita L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe magmatic response above subducting ocean lithosphere can range from weak to vigorous and from a narrow zone to widely distributed. The small and young Cascade Arc, riding on the margin of the tectonically active North American plate, has expressed nearly this entire range of volcanic activity. This allows an unusually good examination of arc initiation and early growth. We review the tectonic controls of Cascade-related magmatism from its inception to the present, with new considerations on the influences of tectonic stress and strain on volcanic activity. The Cascade Arc was created after accretion of the Siletzia oceanic plateau at ~ 50 Ma ended a period of flat-slab subduction. This (1) initiated dipping-slab subduction beneath most of the northern arc (beneath Washington and Oregon) and (2) enabled the more southerly subducting flat slab (beneath Nevada) to roll back toward California. As the abandoned flat slab fragmented and foundered beneath Oregon and Washington, vigorous extension and volcanism ensued throughout the northwest USA; in Nevada the subducting flat slab rolled back toward California. Early signs of the Cascade Arc were evident by ~ 45 Ma and the ancestral Cascade Arc was well established by ~ 35 Ma. Thus, from ~ 55–35 Ma subduction-related magmatism evolved from nearly amagmatic to regional flare-up to a clearly established volcanic arc in two different tectonic settings. The modern Cascades structure initiated ~ 7 Ma when a change in Pacific plate motion caused partial entrainment of the Sierra Nevada/Klamath block. This block pushes north and west on the Oregon Coast Ranges block, breaking the arc into three segments: a southern extensional arc, a central transitional arc, and a northern compressional arc. Extension enhances mafic volcanism in the southern arc, promoting basalt decompression melts from depleted mantle (low-K tholeiites) that are subequal in volume to subduction fluxed calcalkaline basalts. Compression restricts volcanic activity in the north; volcanism is dominantly silicic and intra-plate-like basalts cluster close to the main arc volcanoes. The transitional central arc accommodates dextral shear deformation, resulting in a wide volcanic arc with distributed basaltic vents of diverse affinities and no clear arc axis.
Combinatorial Generation via Permutation Languages. III. Rectangulations
Authors: Merino Arturo , Mütze Torsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA generic rectangulation is a partition of a rectangle into finitely many interior-disjoint rectangles, such that no four rectangles meet in a point. In this work we present a versatile algorithmic framework for exhaustively generating a large variety of different classes of generic rectangulations. Our algorithms work under very mild assumptions, and apply to a large number of rectangulation classes known from the literature, such as generic rectangulations, diagonal rectangulations, 1-sided/area-universal, block-aligned rectangulations, and their guillotine variants, including aspect-ratio-universal rectangulations. They also apply to classes of rectangulations that are characterized by avoiding certain patterns, and in this work we initiate a systematic investigation of pattern avoidance in rectangulations. Our generation algorithms are efficient, in some cases even loopless or constant amortized time, i.e., each new rectangulation is generated in constant time in the worst case or on average, respectively. Moreover, the Gray codes we obtain are cyclic, and sometimes provably optimal, in the sense that they correspond to a Hamilton cycle on the skeleton of an underlying polytope. These results are obtained by encoding rectangulations as permutations, and by applying our recently developed permutation language framework.
The Dirichlet problem for the Monge–Ampère equation on Hermitian manifolds with boundary
Authors: Kołodziej Sławomir , Nguyen Ngoc Cuong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study weak quasi-plurisubharmonic solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the complex Monge–Ampère equation on a general Hermitian manifold with non-empty boundary. We prove optimal subsolution theorems: for bounded and Hölder continuous quasi-plurisubharmonic functions. The continuity of the solution is proved for measures that are well dominated by capacity, for example measures with$$L^p$$Lp,$$p>1$$p>1densities, or moderate measures in the sense of Dinh–Nguyen–Sibony.
Pet ownership and survival of European older adults
Authors: Christopoulos Konstantinos , Benetou Vasiliki , Riza Elena , Pantazis Nikos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith pet ownership on the rise, millions of individuals are exposed to this environmental exposure. Although the subject has been largely studied, more evidence is needed to clarify the potential association of pet ownership with human health. The aim of this research is to study the potential association of pet exposure (any pet, cat, dog, bird, fish) with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality of older ($$\ge$$
≥
50 years) European residents. To this end, a total of 23,274 participants from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were employed (median follow-up 119 months). All-cause mortality (5163 events), as well as cardiovascular (CVD) (1832 events), and cancer mortality (1346 events) were examined using Cox Proportional Hazards models for their relation with pet exposure at baseline. Stratified analyses were also performed by gender and for single or multi-person households. No significant association was observed for any of the pets with all-cause mortality on the whole sample and the fully adjusted models. In stratified analyses, bird exposure significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality in women [Hazard Ratio $$(\text {HR})=1.23$$

(
HR
)
=
1.23

; 95% CI 1.04–1.44] as well as women living alone $$(\text {HR}=1.38$$

(
HR
=
1.38

; 95% CI 1.02–1.85). Cause-specific models revealed an increased risk of death for women bird owners for causes other than cancer and CVD $$(\text {HR}=1.40$$

(
HR
=
1.40

; 95% CI 1.05–1.99). In conclusion, bird ownership may be negatively associated with survival of older women in Europe.
Comparison of computer vision models in application to pollen classification using light scattering
Authors: Daunys Gintautas , Šukienė Laura , Vaitkevičius Lukas , Valiulis Gediminas , Sofiev Mikhail , Šaulienė Ingrida 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the use of pollen elastically scattered light images for species identification. The aim was to identify the best recognition algorithms for pollen classification based on the scattering images. A series of laboratory experiments with a Rapid-E device of Plair S.A. was conducted collecting scattering images and fluorescence spectra from pollen of 15 plant genera. The collected scattering data were supplied to 32 different setups of 8 computer vision models based on deep neural networks. The models were trained to classify the pollen types, and their performance was compared for the test sub-samples withheld from the training. Evaluation showed that most of the tested computer vision models convincingly outperform the basic convolutional neural network used in our previous studies: the accuracy gain was approaching 10% for best setups. The models of the Weakly Supervised Object Detection approach turned out to be the most accurate, but also slow. However, even the best setups still did not provide sufficient recognition accuracy barely reaching 65%–70% in the repeated tests. They also showed many false positives when applied to real-life time series collected by Rapid-E. Similar to the previous studies, fusion of the new scattering models with the fluorescence-based identification demonstrated almost 15% higher skills than either of the approaches alone reaching 77–83% of the overall classification accuracy.
Flipped classroom with teams-based learning in emergency higher education: methodology and results
Authors: Antonis Konstantinos , Lampsas Petros , Katsenos Ioannis , Papadakis Spyros , Stamouli Stella-Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring the pandemic period, most of the universities shifted their curricula into fully distance learning models. Due to these Emergency Remote Education circumstances, we adopted the application of Flipped Classroom model combined with Team-based Learning pedagogical strategy in four Computer Engineering courses. Our approach was reinforced by employing LAMS Learning Activities Management System in conjunction with interactive video services. Results of the application of this approach reveal enhanced student engagement with learning resources and improved achievement when compared to the traditional, in-class, conduction of the same courses. Moreover, students report positive estimation of the adopted approach.
Brainstem tumors may increase the impairment of behavioral emotional cognition in children
Authors: Jia Heyuan , Zhang Peng , Gu Guocan , Li Tian , Jiang Zhuang , Wu Zhen , Wang Liang , Zhang Junting , Duan Yunyun , Liu Yaou , Yang Feng , Qin Shaozheng , Zhang Liwei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
It remains unclear as to whether patients with brainstem tumor experience complex neuropsychiatric problems. In this cohort study, we specifically investigated behavioral, emotional and cognitive symptoms in pediatric patients with brainstem glioma and healthy individuals.

Methods
A total of 146 patients with pediatric brainstem tumors (aged 4–18 years old) and 46 age-matched healthy children were recruited to assess their behaviors and emotions examined by the Child Behavior Checklist. A variety of clinical factors were also analyzed.

Results
There were significant differences in most behavioral and emotional symptoms between pediatric patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, patients with pons tumors exhibited significantly higher scores than patients with medulla oblongata tumors (p = 0.012), particularly in concerning the syndrome categories of Withdrawn (p = 0.043), Anxious/depressed symptoms (p = 0.046), Thought Problems (p = 0.004), Attention deficits (p = 0.008), Externalizing problems (p = 0.013), and Aggressive behavior (p = 0.004). A tumor body located in the pontine (p = 0.01, OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.4–14.059) or DIPG in the midbrain (p = 0.002, OR = 3.818, 95% CI = 1.629–8.948) appears to act as a risk factor that is associated with more problems in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Conclusions
Pediatric patients with brainstem tumors exhibit severe behavioral and emotional problems. Tumor invades the pontine and midbrain act a risk factor with more problems. It suggests that structural and functional abnormalities in the brainstem will cause prolonged behavioral problems and emotional-cognitive dysfunctions in young children.
Benefits of global earth observation missions for disaggregation of exposure data and earthquake loss modeling: evidence from Santiago de Chile
Authors: Geiß Christian , Priesmeier Peter , Aravena Pelizari Patrick , Soto Calderon Angélica Rocio , Schoepfer Elisabeth , Riedlinger Torsten , Villar Vega Mabé , Santa María Hernán , Gómez Zapata Juan Camilo , Pittore Massimiliano , So Emily , Fekete Alexander , Taubenböck Hannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExposure is an essential component of risk models and describes elements that are endangered by a hazard and susceptible to damage. The associated vulnerability characterizes the likelihood of experiencing damage (which can translate into losses) at a certain level of hazard intensity. Frequently, the compilation of exposure information is the costliest component (in terms of time and labor) of risk assessment procedures. Existing models often describe exposure in an aggregated manner, e.g., by relying on statistical/census data for given administrative entities. Nowadays, earth observation techniques allow the collection of spatially continuous information for large geographic areas while enabling a high geometric and temporal resolution. Consequently, we exploit measurements from the earth observation missions TanDEM-X and Sentinel-2, which collect data on a global scale, to characterize the built environment in terms of constituting morphologic properties, namely built-up density and height. Subsequently, we use this information to constrain existing exposure data in a spatial disaggregation approach. Thereby, we establish dasymetric methods for disaggregation. The results are presented for the city of Santiago de Chile, which is prone to natural hazards such as earthquakes. We present loss estimations due to seismic ground shaking and corresponding sensitivity as a function of the resolution properties of the exposure data used in the model. The experimental results underline the benefits of deploying modern earth observation technologies for refined exposure mapping and related earthquake loss estimation with enhanced accuracy properties.
How Many Structure Constants do Exist in Riemannian Geometry?
Authors: Pommaret J.-F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfter reading such a question, any mathematician or physicist will say that, according to a well known result of L.P. Eisenhart found in 1926, the answer is surely ”One”, namely the constant allowing to describe the so-called “ constant Riemannian curvature ” condition. The purpose of this paper is to prove the contrary by studying the case of two dimensional Riemannian geometry in the light of an old work of E. Vessiot published in 1903 but still totally unknown today after more than a century. In fact, we shall compute locally the Vessiot structure equations and prove that there are indeed “ Two ” Vessiot structure constants satisfying a single linear Jacobi condition showing that one of them must vanish while the other one must be equal to the known one or that both must be equal. This result depends on deep mathematical reasons in the formal theory of Lie pseudogroups, involving both the Spencer $$\delta $$
δ
-cohomology and diagram chasing in homological algebra. Another similar example will illustrate and justify this comment out of the classical tensorial framework of the famous “ equivalence problem ”. The case of contact transformations will also be studied. Though it is quite unexpected, we shall reach the conclusion that the mathematical foundations of both classical and conformal Riemannian geometry must be revisited. We have treated the case of conformal geometry and its application in recent papers (Pommaret in J Mod Phys 12:829–858, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2020.1110104; The conformal group revisited. arxiv:2006.03449; Nonlinear conformal electromagnetism. arxiv:2007.01710).
Using vignettes to investigate mathematics teachers’ beliefs for promoting cognitive engagement in secondary mathematics classroom practice
Authors: Skilling Karen , Stylianides Gabriel J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPromoting engagement is crucial for encouraging student participation, interest, and learning in mathematics. Student engagement has been conceptualized as interrelated types comprising behavioural, emotional, and cognitive characteristics. Cognitive engagement, our focus in this paper, relates to students’ psychological investment in learning and practices used to enhance learning, such as self-regulatory strategies and metacognitive processes. Although crucial for students’ learning, research suggests that teachers’ practices for promoting students’ cognitive engagement are not well understood. In this qualitative study, we investigated the beliefs of 40 secondary mathematics teachers across eight English schools concerning promoting cognitive engagement in mathematics classrooms, and whether teachers with different cognitive engagement beliefs differ in the features of classroom practice they attend to in relation to promoting student self-regulation and metacognition. We developed a Cognitive Engagement Framework (CEF) for the following purposes: (1) to develop vignettes that described the practices of two contrasting teachers (Teacher A and Teacher B), who differed in their use of specific self-regulation and metacognitive processes; and (2) to use as a tool for analysis. 17 participants identified with Teacher A who favoured a controlling style towards student strategy use such as activating knowledge, planning, and enacting and regulating strategies, and a passive approach towards students’ use of self-reflection. 14 participants identified with Teacher B who favoured promoting student autonomy for planning and enacting and regulating strategies, self-reflection, and acknowledged affective elements. In addition to its findings, the paper makes a methodological contribution by using ‘vignettes’ as a new way of investigating teachers’ beliefs, and a theoretical contribution through the development of the CEF.
Comprehension of argumentation in mathematical text: what is the role of interest?
Authors: Renninger K. Ann , Gantt Allison L. , Lipman D. Abram 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article describes the research design and findings from a use-inspired study of online text-based mathematics resources. We sought to understand whether and how existing mathematics interest, together with the learner characteristics of prior coursework in mathematics and proof scheme, influenced comprehension of mathematical argumentation and triggered interest in two types of mathematics text: (1) text featuring concrete, real-world applications (public domain) and (2) text with abstract and generalized modes of expression and content (abstract domain). Using an online assessment and person-centered analyses, we studied 64 (32 M, 32 F) undergraduate students who were and were not pursuing advanced mathematics coursework. Cluster analysis revealed two participant groups. Less mathematically immersed (LMI) participants improved comprehension of mathematical argumentation when working with public domain text, performing comparably to the more mathematically immersed (MMI) cluster in this domain; those in the MMI cluster performed comparably across text domains. In addition, LMI participants were more likely to identify public domain text as more interesting than abstract text, and they also were more likely than those in the MMI group to explain this by citing public rather than abstract domain reasons. Taken together, study findings suggest that interest in coordination with other learner characteristics scaffolds comprehension of mathematical argumentation. This study makes contributions to interest theory, understanding the role of interest in comprehension of mathematical argumentation, and ways in which practitioners might leverage student interest to promote comprehension.
“They Lived There because They Were Poor and Black”: Spatial Injustice in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye
Authors: Nardi Paola A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay aims to investigate the function of urban space in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye through the approach proposed by cultural geographers, such as Edward Soja, David Harvey, and Don Mitchell, who link space with questions of justice/injustice. At the same time, the essay considers some valuable insights of Black Geographies scholars like George Lipsitz, who argues that an analysis of the relations between power and place always needs to consider the factor of race. For their political implications and their focus on justice, power, and race, these two approaches might be particularly suitable for reading Toni Morrison, whose oeuvre is openly involved in the denunciation of injustices and social/racial tensions in the US contemporary scenario with a specific focus on African American communities. Framing a reading of her novels from the vantage of cultural geography reveals insights into characters’ geographies.In The Bluest Eye, specific spatial elements like neighborhoods, streets, and houses are fundamental in building social relations as both places of contact or conflicts. In these places, injustices in terms of access to resources, job opportunities, and the (im)possibility of shaping one’s surroundings are created and become strikingly evident.
Exploring Gender Differences in Computational Thinking Learning in a VR Classroom: Developing Machine Learning Models Using Eye-Tracking Data and Explaining the Models
Authors: Gao Hong , Hasenbein Lisa , Bozkir Efe , Göllner Richard , Kasneci Enkelejda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding existing gender differences in the development of computational thinking skills is increasingly important for gaining valuable insights into bridging the gender gap. However, there are few studies to date that have examined gender differences based on the learning process in a realistic classroom context. In this work, we aim to investigate gender classification using students’ eye movements that reflect temporal human behavior during a computational thinking lesson in an immersive VR classroom. We trained several machine learning classifiers and showed that students’ eye movements provide discriminative information for gender classification. In addition, we employed a Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) approach for feature selection and further model interpretation. The classification model trained with the selected (best) eye movement feature set using SHAP achieved improved performance with an average accuracy of over $$70\%$$

70
%

. The SHAP values further explained the classification model by identifying important features and their impacts on the model output, namely gender. Our findings provide insights into the use of eye movements for in-depth investigations of gender differences in learning activities in VR classroom setups that are ecologically valid and may provide clues for providing personalized learning support and tutoring in such educational systems or optimizing system design.
A rule-based robotic assistance system providing physical relief for nurses during repositioning tasks at the care bed
Authors: Kowalski Christian , Brinkmann Anna , Böhlen Conrad Fifelski-von , Hinrichs Pascal , Hein Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn nursing care, physical overload is an important issue that plays a main role in adding to the number of sick days or even causing staff to withdrawal from the profession. In addition to existing physical aids, robotics in particular has the potential to provide general physical relief during extremely stressful care activities provided at the bedside by performing assistance activities. To shed more light on the relief potential offered, we conducted a study involving 12 caregivers who used a lightweight robot attached to a nursing care bed to assist in the repositioning process. We relied on a robot system architecture that enables rule-based movement adjustments in real time using the Robot Operating System and Unity. The study focused on the repositioning of a patient simulator from the supine to the lateral position. The comparison of the measured ground reaction forces and muscle activity data suggests that robotic assistance during the performance of the activity reduces load peaks and generally leads to more attenuated ground reaction force curves, which results overall in a healthier way of working. With robotic assistance, the average back extensor muscle activations were 25.7% lower compared to conventional repositioning. In addition, the measured maximum occurring muscle activations were reduced by 61.2% when the robotic assistance system was deployed.
Der kleine Nierenrundherd: wann ist was zu tun?
Authors: Nowak Livio , Ineichen Gallus Beatus , Thalmann George 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz des Nierenkarzinoms ist aufgrund häufig eingesetzter bildgebender Verfahren gestiegen, ebenso die Anzahl der Behandlungsvarianten von Nierenrundherden. Neben der klassischen radikalen Nephrektomie haben sich die partielle Nephrektomie sowie auch lokal ablative Verfahren und die „active surveillance“ in Studien behauptet. Es gilt, bei jedem Fall die patientenspezifischen Komorbiditäten und die therapiespezifischen Risiken sowie auch das karzinomspezifische Mortalitätsrisiko gegeneinander abzuwägen.