bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inner ear computed tomography findings among children with audiometry proven sensorineural hearing loss in a special needs school in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Akindokun Segun Samson , Bello Temitope Olugbenga , Olaosun Adedayo Olugbenga , Ogundiran Olawale , Ayoola Oluwagbemiga Oluyoola , Oyedepo Victor Olufemi , Alagbe Olayemi Atinuke 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Hearing loss is a major problem in children because of its devastating effect on education and cognitive development. Clinicians rely on pure-tone audiometry (PTA) to determine the types and degrees of hearing loss; however, the test is subjective and cannot determine the cause of the hearing loss.
Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone is important for evaluating hearing loss, due to its ability to identify bony ear malformations and to examine pathologies of the middle and the inner ear. The objective of this study was to determine bony labyrinthine anomalies in a group of children with profound and severe hearing loss.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among students from a school with special needs in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty students with hearing loss selected by stratified systematic random sampling participated in this study. There were 66 (55%) males and 54 (45%) females. Demographic data were collected from the participants and from the school records. All the participants went through audiometry so as to determine and confirm their thresholds and a high-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone to determine bony labyrinthine abnormalities.

Results:
One hundred and twenty participants making 240 ears were studied, with a mean age of 12.1 ± 2.3 years. Ninety-five participants (79.2%) had prelingual hearing loss while 25 (20.8%) had acquired postlingual hearing loss. Nine participants (7.5%) had abnormalities of the bony labyrinth; seven of which had bilateral and two unilateral bony abnormalities, and thus 16 (6.7%) out of 240 ears had such abnormalities. The most common cochlear abnormality was hypoplasia 6 ears (37.5%), followed by type I incomplete cochlear partitions 3 ears (18.7%).

Conclusion:
This study found that the bony labyrinth was normal in 93.3% of ears, and the most common bony anomaly was cochlear hypoplasia.
Epidemiological profile of congenital anomalies detected during antenatal ultrasound in three imaging centers in the city of Ouagadougou
Authors: Tiemtore-Kambou Benilde Marie-Ange , Nde-Ouedraogo N. A. , Lamien P. D. , Sieba I. F. N. , Kere-Nidjergou L. , Bayala D. , Koama A. , Napon A. M. , Diallo O. , Cisse R. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
To study congenital anomalies discovered during antenatal care in three medical imaging centers in the city of Ouagadougou. Specifically, the aim was to determine the prevalence of antenatal malformations on ultrasound, to identify the different types of malformations detected and to determine the average gestational age (GA) of discovery of CAMs in our context.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective and prospective multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the imaging departments of the following three health facilities: the University Hospital of Bogodogo (CHUB), the Nina Polyclinic, and the Yati Medical Clinic. The study was carried out from January 1, 2016, to October 31, 2019. It included all women who had a fetal malformation during obstetrical ultrasound performed during the study period.

Results:
Fetal malformations represented 1.10% of all obstetric ultrasounds performed in the three medical imaging centers in the city of Ouagadougou. The mean GA of discovery of CAMs was 27 weeks 2 days. The most common malformations were (in decreasing order) the central nervous system (67.10%), the urogenital system (18.62%), the abdomen (14.72%), the digestive system (13.85%), the skeleton (13.42%), the cardiovascular system (8.23%), and the respiratory system (5.19%). An abnormality of the amniotic fluid was associated with 35.50% of the malformations detected.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of congenital anomaly in our study is similar to that of other studies and obstetric ultrasound plays a key role in its early antenatal diagnosis”.
Case Report: Symptomatic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Monkeypox Coinfection in an Adult Male
Authors: Prabaker Kavitha K. , de St. Maurice Annabelle , Uslan Daniel Z. , Yen George C. , Manavi Shadi , Gray Hannah K. , Caldera Juan R. , Chan June L. , Garner Omai B. , Yang Shangxin 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT.
A 39-year-old man presented with a history of fatigue, malaise, and rash with varied morphology on his perianal region. Polymerase chain reaction testing of the lesions confirmed coinfection with monkeypox and herpes simplex virus type 2. We emphasize the difficulty in distinguishing between monkeypox virus and herpes simplex virus type 2 based on history and examination alone.
გუნდური მუშაობის სირთულეები ქართული კომპანიების მაგალითებზე დაყრდნობით
Authors: Goletiani Ketevan , Mushkudiani Zurab 
Published: November 2022

ქეთევან გოლეთიანი
ბიზნესის ადმინისტრირების დოქტორი, პროფესორი ბათუმის ნავიგაციის სასწავლო უნივერსიტეტი, ბათუმი, საქართველო
Email: k.Goletiani@bntu.edu.ge
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-4794

ზურაბ მუშკუდიანი
ბიზნესის ადმინისტრირების დოქტორი, ასოცირებული პროფესორი ბათუმის ნავიგაციის სასწავლო უნივერსიტეტი, ბათუმი, საქართველო
Email: z.mushkudiani@bntu.edu.ge
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0987-3564

მოკლე აღწერა
აბსტრაქტი. ნაშრომის მიზანია გააცნობიეროს პერსონალის ინ­დივი­დუა­ლური განსხვავებები და მსგავსებები, რაც გა­დამწყ­ვე­ტი ფაქ­ტორია თანამედროვე ორგანიზაციების წარმა­ტე­ბის­თვის. მრა­ვა­ლფეროვნება ყველა ორგანიზაციის ყუ­რად­ღების ცენტ­რშია. მრავალფეროვნებისადმი ღრმა ინტე­რესი უნდა გახდეს მთავარი პრიორიტეტი ბიზნე­სის ყველა ასპექტში. მრავალ­ფე­როვნება იწვევს განსხვა­ვებებს, ხოლო განსხვავებები იწ­ვევს პოტენციურ პრობ­ლე­მებს ურთიერ­თო­ბებში. ამის უარ­ყოფა შეუძლებელია, მაგრამ ასევე ძალიან მნიშვ­ნელოვანია, რომ მრავალფე­როვ­ნებას აქვს შესაძლებ­ლო­ბების უზარმა­ზარი პოტენ­ცია­ლი. ამისთვის აუცილებე­ლია თეორიული საფუ­ძვლე­ბის განსაზღვრა და მათი გან­ხორ­ციელების მეთო­დო­ლოგიური და პრაქტიკული რეკო­მენ­დაციების შემუ­შა­ვება. კვლევის მეთოდოლოგიურ საფუ­ძველს წარმო­ად­გენს სისტემატური და შედარებითი ანალი­ზის, ემპი­რიული გან­ზოგადების და თეორიული კვლევის, ანალი­ზისა და სინ­თეზის, განზოგადების და აბსტრაქციის მე­თოდები. ნაშრო­მის ძირითადი შედეგები და სამეც­ნიე­რო სიახლეები: განხი­ლულია სამუშაო ძალის მრავალ­ფე­როვ­ნე­ბისა და სინერგიის კავშირი; კვლევის საფუ­ძველ­ზე გამოიკ­ვეთა ის გარემოება, რომ აჭარის რე­გი­ონში, კერძოდ ბათუმში მოქმედი ორგა­ნი­ზაციების უმე­ტესობაში ადამიანური რე­სურ­სების სტრატე­გიის შემუ­შავების პროცესში მრავალფე­როვნების ცნება არ არის გათვალისწინებული.
საქართველოს საგარეო ვაჭრობის ქრონიკული დეფიციტით გამოწვეული პრობლემები და მათი გადაჭრის გზები ღია ეკონომიკის პირობებში
Authors: Katamadze David , Katamadze Guliko 
Published: November 2022

დავით ქათამაძე
ასოცირებული პროფესორი, ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, ბათუმი, საქართველო
Email: qatamadze.davit@bsu.edu.ge
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-9326

გულიკო ქათამაძე
ასოცირებული პროფესორი, ბათუმის შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, ბათუმი, საქართველო
Email: irina.beridze@bsu.edu.ge
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-8633

მოკლე აღწერა
აბსტრაქტი. სტატიაში განხილულია საქართველოს სა­გა­რეო ვაჭრობის ქრონიკული დეფიციტით გამოწვეული პრობ­ლემები, რაც აფერხებს ჩვენი ქვეყნის ღია ეკონო­მიკის მართვის პროცესს. გაანალიზებულია საქართვე­ლო­ში იმპორტის ექსპორტით დაფარ­ვის მდგომარეობა ჩვენი ქვეყნის სავაჭრო პირობების თავისე­ბუ­რე­ბათა გათვალის­წინებით. გამოვლენილია სხვა ქვეყნების ეკო­ნო­მიკებზე საქართველოს ეკონომიკის ზედმეტი დამოკიდებუ­ლე­ბის უარყოფითი შედეგები.
ბიბლიოგრაფიულ კვლევებზე და სტატისტიკურ მასა­ლებ­ზე დაყრდნობით, გამოვლენილია ის საგარეო წყა­როე­ბი, რომლები­დან მიღებული სავალუტო შემოსავ­ლე­ბის ხარჯზე ხდება ქრონი­კული საგარეო სავაჭრო დეფი­ციტის დაფარვა. სხვა ქვეყნების გამოცდილების შესწავ­ლი­სა და ჩვენი ქვეყნის სტატისტიკურ მო­ნაცემთა ანალი­ზის საფუძველზე დასაბუთებულია, რომ საგარეო ვაჭრო­ბა ხელს შეუწყობს საქართველოს ეკონომიკურ ზრდას მხო­ლოდ იმ შემთხვევაში, თუ ექსპორტი აბალანსებს იმ­პორტს ან აღემატება მას. შესწავლილია იმ ქვეყნების გა­მოცდილება, რო­მელ­თაც სწორი საგარეო სავაჭრო პო­ლიტიკის გატარებით შეძლეს ეკონომიკური კრიზისის დაძლევა და სწრაფი ეკონომიკური აღმავლობა. საქართ­ველოს საგარეო ვაჭრობის ქრონიკული დეფი­ციტით გა­მოწ­ვეული პრობლემების ანალიზის საფუძველზე გაკე­თე­ბულია შესაბამისი დასკვნები და რეკომენდაციები.
MEMAHAMI REALITAS METAVERSE BERDASARKAN TEOLOGI KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Wiharjokusumo Padriadi , Saragih Novita Romauli , Karo-Karo Selamat , Siringoringo Pangihutan 
Published: November 2022

Metaverse adalah ekspresi budaya teknologi yang memiliki dampak global. Dampak tersebut akan terjadi melalui pengetahuan, sosial, dan geo-spasial. Artificial intelligent (AI) atau kecerdasan buatan akan menghubungkan semua entitas di bumi melalui sarana internet, sehingga menciptakan informasi berlapis dan pengalaman dunia virtual tiga dimensi yang dikenal dengan sebutan Metaverse. Metaverse ini memiliki empat karakteristik: Pertama, Augmented Reality (AR), yaitu teknologi yang dapat digunakan oleh manusia untuk menyatukan benda dua dimensi (2D), dan atau tiga dimensi (3D) ke dalam dunia virtual. Kedua, Life Logging adalah teknologi augmentatif yang merekam dan membuat laporan kegiatan objek dan pengguna. Ketiga, Mirror Worlds, yaitu refleksi dari dunia fisik/nyata ke dunia virtual. Kempat, Virtual Reality, di sini orang-orang digambarkan sebagai pribadi yang serupa dengan aslinya melalui avatar 3D. Dari perspektif Kekristenan, Metaverse dalam studi ini akan dikaji dengan pendekatan teologi kontekstual melalui kombinasi kontekstualisasi dan keutuhan aspek pascamanusia (posthumanism) dan mistisisme (mysticism). Studi ini berfokus pada keutuhan evolusioner sebagaimana diidentifikasi oleh Teilhard melalui karya Delio. Sedangkan model kontekstualisasi merujuk pada pandangan Bevans. Metode keutuhan kontekstual memungkinkan cara-cara baru untuk melihat, merangkul, berkomunikasi, mengkomplekskan, dan menciptakan empat bidang Metaverse.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME GURU DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR KELAS VII SISWA SMP N 1 DOLOK BATU NANGGAR T.A. 2022/2023
Authors: Nababan Rinto , Sibagariang Susy A , Siagian Lasma 
Published: November 2022

Penulisan Skripsi ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak nya pengaruh Profesionalisme guru dalam meningkatkan kemampuan Siswa di SMP N 1 Dolok Batu Nanggar kabupaten Simalungun . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode angket/kuisoner yang dilaksanakan di SMP N 1 Dolok Batu Nanggar dengan siswa kelas VII dengan populasi sampel sebanyak 120 siswa . Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan anket/kuisioner sebanyak 20 pertanyaan untuk profesionalisme dan 20 pertanyaan untuk motivasi belajar siswa. Jenis peneltian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu angket untuk memperoleh data proesionalisme guru dan motivasi belajar siswa. Analisis data yang digunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji linieritas dan uji hipotesis dengan Pearson Product Moment dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 22. Hasil uji linieritas dapat diketahui bahwa dengan membandingkan nilai sig 0,361 > 0,05. Maka antara variabel bebas memiliki hubungan yang linier dengan variabel terikat. Hasil analisis Uji t dapat diketahui bahwa dengan

membandingkan nilai p-Value = 0,000 < α = 0,05 maka tolak H0, artinya terdapat pengaruh antara profesionalisme guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa.
ETHICS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH AND PUBLISHING
Authors: Ghaderi Hamid , Gooshki Ehsan Shamsi , Kruger Estie 
Published: November 2022

This review aims to provide a concise argument on the importance of ethics in scientific endeavors. Consideration should be given to all aspects of a research project, including, study design, approval process, execution, and publication. In addition, parameters such as human roles in research and human rights are noted. Furthermore, critical questions such as confidentiality, beneficence, and non-maleficent research are emphasized. Apart from the significance of data analysis, the adverse consequences of unethical behaviors such as plagiarism, data falsification, and research bias are investigated.
Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Jurnal Khusus dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Game Turnament untuk Siswa SMA
Authors: Jumini Jumini 
Published: November 2022

Kenyataan menunjukkan hasil belajar Jurnal Khusus siswa kelas XII MIPA Ekonomi Lintas Minat SMAN1 Kayen tahun 2018 / 201 masih rendah. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil tes pada Kompetensi Dasar Jurnal Khusus pada pertemuan awal nilai yang memenuhi KKM baru 19 %.Salah satu penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar ini adalah karena kegiatan pembelajaran guru masih menggunakan cara-cara yang monoton, sehingga siswa kurang aktif, belajar menjadi kurang bermakna dan pembelajaran masih berpusat pada guru.Untuk mengatasi rendahnya hasil belajar Jurnal Khusus ini, peneliti mencoba menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT ( Teams Game Turnament).Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Jurnal Khususl bagi siswa kelas XII MIPA SMAN 1Kayen, melalui penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT (Teams Game Turnament). Penelitian ini dilakukan selama satu semester atau enam bulan yaitu mulai bulan Januari 2019 sampai dengan Juni 2019, dilakukan di SMAN 1 Kayen. Dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini subyeknya adalah siswa kelas XII MIPA-6 SMAN 1 Kayen dengan jumlah 42 orang yang terdiri dari9 laki-laki dan 33 perempuan.Penelitihan dilakukan dua siklus, tiap siklus ada 4 tahapan yaitu planning, action, observing dan reflecting. Hasil tes siswa kelas XII MIPA-6 pada Siklus I nilai rata-ratanya 80,51. Sedangkan hasil tes pada Siklus II nilai rata-ratanya 81,54. Pada Siklus I jumlah siswa yang nilainya di bawah KKM ada 9 orang DENGAN PROSENTASE KETUNTASAN 80%, sedangkan pada Siklus II yang nilainya dibawah KKM ada 2 siswa. Ketuntasan mencapai 95 %.Melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT ( TEAMS GAME TURNAMENT ) hasil belajar Jurnal Khusus bagi siswa kelas XII MIPA-6 SMAN 1 Kayen mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dilihat dari kenaikan nilai rata-rata dan kenaikan jumlah siswa yang memenuhi KKM.
Pengaruh Jumlah Lilitan Groundstrap Pada Kabel Busi Terhadap Daya Dan Torsi Pada Sepeda Motor Supra 125
Authors: Ubaidillah Akhmad , Prasetyo Imam , Setiawan Sofian 
Published: November 2022

installation of Groundstrap on spark plug wires as grounding spark plug wires so that the fire voltage from the coil will focus on the spark plugs. The increase in power and torque occurs because the groundstrap is a type of Ignition Booster whose function is to stabilize the electric current produced by the coil so that the spark plugs can be bigger and more stable, remove stray frequencies or indeterminate voltages from the coil, focus and narrow the current, so that it becomes a firing point towards the spark plug for use as a combustion flame. A steady current produces a good fire, so that the combustion explosion is complete. The method used in this study is the experimental method (direct trial) by making a Groundstrap circuit to determine power and torque in a motorcycle gasoline engine using a Dynotest tool for adding Groundstrap to spark plug wires. In this study using copper wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm and there were 3 variables for the number of turns of the groundstrap wire, namely 60 turns, 90 turns, and 120 turns. In 2008 there was an increase in general, the maximum power and torque yields for standard conditions were 8.3 HP and 8.79 NM, the test on winding 120 experienced the most significant increase of 1.7 HP from standard conditions to 10.0 HP and the torque reaches 3.95 NM from standard conditions to 12.74 NM
Keywords: Groundstrap, Copper Wire Coil, Power and Torque
Hacia un Sistema Integrado de Salud en Argentina. La historia del presente del campo de la Salud: devenir y pandemia
Authors: Bovino Betina , Rubio Raquel 
Published: November 2022

Este artículo desarrolla una síntesis contextualizada sobre los principales hechos, discursos, acontecimientos, prácticas y paradigmas que vienen participando del proceso de hechura del campo salud y, por consiguiente de los diferentes sentidos/nociones/pertcepciones que esto produce. Un recorrido histórico-genealógico por las conceptualizaciones nos permite ubicar su carácter político e inexorablemente ligado a los mecanismos de circulación de saber-poder en los distintos momentos socio-históricos. Entendemos que el campo salud da cuenta de una trayectoria, de un devenir (que contiene elementos sincrónicos y diacrónicos) atravesado por distintos agentes, actores, prácticas, disciplinas y discursos que lo convierten en un campo dinámico, complejo y en permanente tensión. De esta manera podemos observar los trazos, las marcas y las heridas que definen su momento actual reconociendo posturas fuertemente desiguales pero en franca coexistencia.
The altered levels of adiponectin - leptin as predictive biomarkers to estimate the severity of prostate cancer
Authors: Tewari Reshu , Dalal Deepika , Rawat Shikha , Malik Ashish , Ghalaut Veena , Bajpai Anurag 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Prostate is one of the commonest sites of malignancy affecting elderly male population & is increasingly becoming a significant public health issue especially in countries having aging population. We hypothesized that altered levels of adiponectin-leptins may be an underlying connection between incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and aged matched males.

Materials and Methods: This study was designed to comparatively corelate circulating serum levels of adiponectin & leptin in 160 elderly patients with PCa to their serum levels in 160 healthy controls. The age and body mass index in all groups were dissimilar in case and control. Based on the Gleason score of 7, =7 >7, patients were further subdivided into low, intermediate, high grades of PCa, respectively.

Results: No significant statistical variance was identified in terms of age, Body mass index (BMI), Radom blood glucose, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, and BUN levels within the compared groups. In PCa patients’ group, concentration levels of serum adiponectin were significantly lower, and levels of serum leptin was significantly greater compared to healthy controls (P<0.001). Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive inverse association between PSA and adiponectin levels (r=0.285, P<0.001) and significant association between serum levels of PSA and leptin (r=0.285, P<0.001). Significant statistical correlation was also evident between BMI, PSA, TG, and leptin were whole group. However, there was no significant association observed between adiponectin or leptin level and grade of the disease.

Conclusion: Evaluation of data in our study suggests that patients of PCa exhibit low concentration of serum adiponectin levels and high concentration of leptin levels. Further, this association was independent of histological grading of disease of disease/disease progression as well as other biochemical parameters.
Co-relation of salivary calcium and vitamin D with dental caries - an ex-vivo study
Authors: Nireeksha  , Hegde Nidhi 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Calcium and vitamin D3 play a pivotal role in many biological functions like hard tissue mineralization and tooth formation. Both are dietary elements with a known concentration in the saliva, therefore directly affecting the rate and progression of dental caries. The aim of the study was to compare the salivary vitamin D and calcium levels in caries active and caries free adult patients. Materials and Methods: Tarson’s saliva collection tubes were used to collect 5 ml of saliva samples from 110 patients. The supernatant obtained from the centrifuged saliva was stored at -4°C. Analysis of calcium levels was done using the Arsenazo method. Commercially available vitamin D Elisa kit (Epitope diagnostics) was used for the analysis of vitamin D levels. Results: The mean salivary vitamin D levels were higher in the caries free group (66.57mg/dl) when compared to the caries active group (56.43mg/dl). The mean salivary calcium level was elevated in the caries free group (27.09mg/dl) when compared to the caries active group (6.84 mg/dl). Conclusion: The filtrates in saliva play a major role in the occurrence of dental caries through a demineralization and remineralization cycle. Vitamin D in saliva causes a decrease in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation through the protective role of peptides, causing decreased demineralization of the tooth surface and increased level of free calcium ions in the saliva.
Estimation of stature with the help of tooth length using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Mathew Sherin , Prabhu Sudeendra , Narayanan Dhanesh , Kumar Prasanna , Jose Maji , Husain Akhter 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Stature is the primary tool in personal identification for forensic and physical anthropology for over a period. In the absence of full skeleton, the stature can be estimated from various skeletal components. Utilizing cranium and dentition measurements is simpler as these structures are fixed, grown and straight forward to locate. Few researches had been undertaken to establish the efficacy of teeth dimensions in height assessment. But we could not come across any such studies on tooth length. So, the present research was conducted to estimate the stature from tooth length using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods: Tooth lengths of all 4 canines were measured on digital CBCT using inbuilt software Planmeca Romexis® Software (Helsinki, Finland). Height was considered as measurement of length, from the head to toe using standard height chart. Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis was used as a statistical tool for co-relation co-efficient and population specific formula for height assessment.

Results: There was a very good correlation between tooth length and stature, with r value 0.12-0.81 and p value less than 0.05. The length of the mandibular right canine had better correlation with stature followed by mandibular left canine, maxillary left canine and maxillary right canine. Regression equation was developed from tooth length, to predict stature.

Conclusion: Tooth length measuring using CBCT has a very good correlation with the height of the individual, as it is closer to actual length. Combined data, without sex as a parameter provides more accurate prediction. However, predication accuracy was better in females than males, when gender considered as a parameter in the regression analysis.
Effect of centrifugation force and time on the analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and potassium in the serum samples
Authors: S. Charantimath Veena , S. Bubanale Vanishree 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Any imperfection that occurs during any stage of the testing process is described as laboratory error. Increasing requirements of biochemical tests, numerous patient samples and automation has forced laboratory work to be carried out at a faster speed. Few studies are shown to investigate the influence of settings of centrifugation of less than 10 minutes on the laboratory result in serum. Thus, our study was aimed to see the effect of centrifugation force and time on the analysis of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and potassium from serum samples.

Methodology: Samples were collected from 61 healthy volunteers. 5ml was taken in two separate BD vacutainer serum tubes. Tube 1 was centrifuged for 2000g for 10 minutes, tube 2 for 5 minutes 3000g, and analysed for LDH and potassium.

Results: A significant difference was observed between 5 min (U/L) (3000g) and 10 min (U/L) (2000g) with LDH and 5 min (mmol/l) 3000g and 10 min (mmol/l) 2000g with potassium.

Conclusion: LDH and potassium levels were found to be raised by increasing the centrifugal force to 3000g. Hence, the standard centrifugation protocol of 10 min at 2000 or 2500 rpm is to be followed to get the accurate results.