bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The athletic characteristics of Olympic sports to assist anti‐doping strategies
Authors: Hayward Gregory , Gaborini Lorenzo , Sims David , Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Millet Grégoire P. , Rhumorbarbe Damien , Coquet Ronan , Robinson Neil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe determinants of success in Olympic Games competition are specific to the athletic demands of the sporting event. A global evaluation to quantify the athletic demands across the spectrum of the Olympic Games sport events has not previously been conducted. Thus far, the interpretation and the comparison of sport physiological characteristics within anti‐doping organisations (ADOs) risk assessments remains subjective without a standardised framework. Despite its subjective assessment, this information is a key component of any anti‐doping programme. Sport characteristics inevitably influence the type of substances and/or methods used for doping purposes and should be captured through a comprehensive analysis. Seven applied sport scientists independently conducted an assessment to quantify the athletic demands across six preselected athletic variables. A principal component analysis was performed on the results of the panel's quantitative assessment for 160 Olympic sport events. Sport events were clustered using the Hierarchical Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) algorithm. The HDBSCAN identified 19 independent cluster groups; 36 sport events remained statistically unassigned to a cluster group representing unique and event‐specific athletic demands. This investigation provides guidance to the anti‐doping community to assist in the development of the sport specific physiology component of the risk assessment for Olympic Games disciplines. The dominant athletic characteristics to excel in each of these individual events will highlight areas of how athletes may strive to gain a competitive advantage through doping strategies, and inform the development of an effective and proportionate allocation of testing resources.
Species richness is a strong driver of forest biomass along broad bioclimatic gradients in the Himalayas
Authors: Dyola Nita , Sigdel Shalik Ram , Liang Eryuan , Babst Flurin , Camarero J. Julio , Aryal Sugam , Chettri Nakul , Gao Shan , Lu Xiaoming , Sun Jian , Wang Tao , Zhang Gengxin , Zhu Haifeng , Piao Shilong , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForest biomass is an important component of terrestrial carbon pools. However, how climate, biodiversity, and structural attributes co‐determine spatiotemporal variation in forest biomass remains not well known. We aimed to shed light on these drivers of forest biomass by measuring diversity and structural attributes of tree species in 400‐m2 plots located every 100 m along a 4200‐m elevational gradient in the eastern Himalayas. We applied structural equation models to test how climate, species richness, structural attributes, and their interactions influence forest biomass. Importantly, species richness was a stronger driver of biomass than environmental and structural attributes such as annual air temperature or stem density. Integrating the availability of energy and the demand for water, potential evapotranspiration was more strongly correlated with biomass than water availability, likely due to the strong influence of the Indian summer monsoon. Thus, interactions between climate and tree community composition ultimately control how much carbon is stored in woody biomass across bioclimatic gradients. This fundamental understanding will support predictive efforts of the forest carbon sink in this hydroclimatically important region and help preserving regional forests as a potent natural solution for climate change mitigation.
The Use of Sustainable Transition Metals for the Cycloaddition of Epoxides and CO2 under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Al‐Qaisi Feda'a M. , Qaroush Abdussalam K. , Okashah Ibrahim K. , Eftaiha Ala'a F. , Vasko Petra , Alsoubani Fatima , Repo Timo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFollowing green chemistry principles, we present a one pot synthesis of zinc curcumin complex as a homogeneous, sustainable catalyst for cyclic carbonate (CC) synthesis from CO2 and a variety of terminal and internal epoxides under 1 bar CO2 at 60 °C using DMSO as a solvent. Zinc curcumin (Zn‐Cur) complex was identified via 1H/13C NMR and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, ionic conductivity, and quantitative silver nitrate test to confirm a 1 : 1 molar ratio of metal to the ligand. Interestingly, Zn‐Cur showed an outstanding performance in catalysing the synthesis of renewable CCs including dimeric pinene and limonene carbonates. In this context, other metal complexes, including magnesium (MgII), calcium (CaII), and nickel (NiII) complexes showed good to excellent catalytic activity. Furthermore, a plausible reaction mechanism was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reaction was found to be overall exergonic by 39 kJ/mol and the rate determining step was CO2 insertion, which is in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Access to Sulfocoumarins by Three‐Component Reaction of β‐Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides, Arynes, and DMF
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhao Xueyan , Chen Dengfeng , Zheng Yu , Luo Jinyue , Huang Shenlin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSulfonyl fluorides have found diverse applications in multiple disciplines due to their reactivity and stability. Thus, exploiting the new reactivity of sulfonyl fluorides is of high importance to Sulfur (VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) chemistry. Reported herein is a three‐component reaction of β‐keto sulfonyl fluorides, arynes and DMF for the streamline synthesis of sulfocoumarins. The reaction proceeds by trapping of the in situ generated o‐quinone methides with β‐keto sulfonyl fluorides, followed by selective cyclization with sulfonyl fluorides. This strategy provides a new avenue to access diverse sulfocoumarins with under mild conditions.
Voxel‐wise intermodal coupling analysis of two or more modalities using local covariance decomposition
Authors: Hu Fengling , Weinstein Sarah M. , Baller Erica B. , Valcarcel Alessandra M. , Adebimpe Azeez , Raznahan Armin , Roalf David R. , Robert‐Fitzgerald Timothy E. , Gonzenbach Virgilio , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Vandekar Simon , Detre John A. , Linn Kristin A. , Alexander‐Bloch Aaron , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Shinohara Russell T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen individual subjects are imaged with multiple modalities, biological information is present not only within each modality, but also between modalities – that is, in how modalities covary at the voxel level. Previous studies have shown that local covariance structures between modalities, or intermodal coupling (IMCo), can be summarized for two modalities, and that two‐modality IMCo reveals otherwise undiscovered patterns in neurodevelopment and certain diseases. However, previous IMCo methods are based on the slopes of local weighted linear regression lines, which are inherently asymmetric and limited to the two‐modality setting. Here, we present a generalization of IMCo estimation which uses local covariance decompositions to define a symmetric, voxel‐wise coupling coefficient that is valid for two or more modalities. We use this method to study coupling between cerebral blood flow, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, and local connectivity in 803 subjects ages 8 through 22. We demonstrate that coupling is spatially heterogeneous, varies with respect to age and sex in neurodevelopment, and reveals patterns that are not present in individual modalities. As availability of multi‐modal data continues to increase, principal‐component‐based IMCo (pIMCo) offers a powerful approach for summarizing relationships between multiple aspects of brain structure and function. An R package for estimating pIMCo is available at: https://github.com/hufengling/pIMCo.
DNA methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancer: Clinical applications for precision medicine
Authors: Fatemi Nayeralsadat , Tierling Sascha , Es Hamidreza Aboulkheyr , Varkiani Maryam , Mojarad Ehsan Nazemalhosseini , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Walter Jörn , Totonchi Mehdi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide that is attributed to gradual long‐term accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic changes. To reduce the mortality rate of CRC and to improve treatment efficacy, it will be important to develop accurate noninvasive diagnostic tests for screening, acute and personalized diagnosis. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation play an important role in the development and progression of CRC. Over the last decade, a panel of DNA methylation markers has been reported showing a high accuracy and reproducibility in various semi‐invasive or noninvasive biosamples. Research to obtain comprehensive panels of markers allowing a highly sensitive and differentiating diagnosis of CRC is ongoing. Moreover, the epigenetic alterations for cancer therapy, as a precision medicine strategy will increase their therapeutic potential over time. Here, we discuss the current state of DNA methylation‐based biomarkers and their impact on CRC diagnosis. We emphasize the need to further identify and stratify methylation‐biomarkers and to develop robust and effective detection methods that are applicable for a routine clinical setting of CRC diagnostics particularly at the early stage of the disease.
Enhancing the optical response and biosensing capabilities of bioinspired peptide micro‐waveguides exploiting chromatic aberration
Authors: Tiwari Roshan , Roy Sauvik , Mondal Sahabaj , Ghosh Nirmalya , Haldar Debasish , Banerjee Ayan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBioinspired peptide waveguides of mesoscopic length scales have established a new paradigm in photonics with possible applications in precision bioimaging, sensing, and diagnostics. Here, we improve the efficiency of coupling various constituent colors of a white light source into single self‐assembled microtube‐shaped passive peptide waveguides by employing chromatic aberration. Thus, we use a chromatically aberrated microscope objective lens to couple light into peptide waveguides. Using both numerical simulation and experiments, we show that the waveguide response displays higher quality factor, wavelength selectivity, and axial coupling range compared to a chromatically corrected standard plan‐fluoritic objective lens. We also demonstrate absorption and refractive index‐based sensing by studying the changes in the optical responses of the peptide tubes in the presence of a wide concentration range of the absorptive Congo red, and the nonabsorptive Coumarin dyes. The former understandably display a much higher response than the latter due to the low finesse of the waveguides. We obtain a detection limit of around 10 nM for Congo red, and 10 mM for Coumarin. Our study opens up possibilities for deploying such peptide microtubes for various biosensing applications utilizing spectral and waveguide characteristics.
Circ‐POLR3A accelerates TGF‐β2‐induced promotion in cell viability, migration, and invasion of lens epithelial cells via miR‐31/TXNIP signaling cascade
Authors: Wang Huajun , Zheng Guangying , Sun Miaomiao , Chi Yingjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPosterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the major complication after cataract surgery and can result in secondary vision loss. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported to play critical regulatory roles in multiple cell biological processes. The most common working mechanism of circRNAs is by acting as microRNA sponges. Here, we analyzed the role and mechanism of circRNA RNA polymerase III subunit A (POLR3A) in PCO. Cell viability was analyzed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound healing assays. Dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA‐pull‐down assays were performed to verify the interaction between microRNA‐31 (miR‐31) and circ‐POLR3A or thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). PCO cell model was established by treating SRA01/04 cells with transforming growth factor‐β2 (TGF‐β2). We found that TGF‐β2 enhanced SRA01/04 cell viability, migration, and invasion abilities. Circ‐POLR3A expression was upregulated in PCO tissues and TGF‐β2‐induced SRA01/04 cells. TGF‐β2 promoted the viability and motility of SRA01/04 cells largely by upregulating circ‐POLR3A. Circ‐POLR3A negatively regulated the miR‐31 level by directly interacting with it. Circ‐POLR3A absence‐induced influences in TGF‐β2‐induced SRA01/04 cells were partly reversed by silencing miR‐31. miR‐31 is directly bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of TXNIP. TXNIP overexpression largely attenuated miR‐31 overexpression‐mediated effects in TGF‐β2‐induced SRA01/04 cells. Circ‐POLR3A could elevate the protein expression of TXNIP by sponging miR‐31. Exosomes were involved in mediating the delivery of circ‐POLR3A in SRA01/04 cells. In conclusion, circ‐POLR3A contributed to TGF‐β2‐induced promotion of cell viability, migration, and invasion of SRA01/04 cells by targeting miR‐31/TXNIP axis.
A Randomized, Controlled Study to Assess Biomarkers of Exposure in Adult Smokers Switching to Oral Nicotine Products
Authors: Edmiston Jeffery , Liu Jianmin , Wang Jingzhu , Sarkar Mohamadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis open‐label, randomized, controlled, in‐clinic, 6‐parallel‐group study evaluated changes in biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) to select harmful and potentially harmful constituents in adult smokers (N = 213) not planning to quit smoking. Adult smokers were randomized to continue smoking (CS), reduce smoking by 50% and dual use oral tobacco‐derived nicotine (OTDN) products (VERVE chews/discs), stop smoking and exclusively use discs or chews, or stop using all tobacco products (NT). The primary objective compared 24‐hour urinary total 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol (NNAL; a biomarker for the carcinogen 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone) in dual and exclusive use of discs and chews to continue smoking and NT on day 7. NNAL levels on day 7 were significantly lower (P < .05) among dual and exclusive users of discs/chews compared to continue smoking; median percent reductions were ≈30% and ≈73%, respectively. NNAL levels were not significantly different between those who used discs/chews and the NT group. Many of the additional secondary biomarkers of exposure were significantly lower in dual users (10/19) and exclusive users of discs/chews (17/19) compared to the continue smoking group. Overall, reductions in secondary biomarkers of exposure were greater in exclusive users than dual users. The 24‐hour urinary nicotine equivalents were significantly lower (P < .05) among exclusive users of discs/chews compared to continue smoking. The discs/chews appeared to be well tolerated. These results demonstrate that while switching completely to discs/chews substantially reduces exposure to select harmful and potentially harmful constituents, dual use with 50% reduction in cigarette consumption also reduces exposure. oral tobacco‐derived nicotine products like discs/chews may present a harm reduction opportunity for adult smokers, particularly those not intending to quit smoking.
Clinical application of ultra‐high frequency ultrasound: Discovering a new imaging frontier
Authors: Fogante Marco , Carboni Nicola , Argalia Giulio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ultra‐high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) is characterized by the use of probes between 30 and 100 MHz. This technology has recently been introduced in clinical practice and represents an opportunity for the diagnosis of numerous pathologies. The high spatial resolution of UHFUS, up to 30 μ in pixel size, allows to study the pathological modifications and to guide microsurgery treatments in anatomical body structures not evaluable by conventional HFUS. The aim of this work is to provide a review of the literature on the current clinical applications of UHFUS and to discuss its added role in different clinical settings.
IL-17A produced by invariant natural killer T cells and CD3+CD56+αGalcer-CD1d tetramer– T cells promote liver fibrosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Jia Hongyu , Chen Jianing , Zhang Xujun , Bi Kefan , Zhou Hetong , Liu Tianxing , Xu Jia , Diao Hongyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized as interlobular bile duct injury and fibrosis, which results from the loss of tolerance to self-antigens. However, the exact pathologic mechanism leading to injury and fibrosis in PBC patients is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we examined the role of the T cell subsets in PBC patients and healthy controls (HCs). A higher number of invariant Natual killer T (iNKT) cells as well as CD3+CD56+ αGalcer-CD1d tetramer– T cells were found in patients with PBC compared with HCs. Moreover, these 2 T subpopulations produced significantly higher levels of Interleukin (IL)-17A in PBC patients than those in in HCs, which has also been positively correlated with the disease severity. Furthermore, the level of IL-17A produced by these 2 subpopulations was increased after stimulation of the autoantibodies in patients with PBC. Also, the elevated IL-17A levels promoted the PBC-related fibrosis, thus presenting a change in frequencies and functions of these cell phenotypes in the deterioration of the duct damage-related fibrosis. This study clarified PBC patients’ distinct T subpopulations characteristics, providing evidence-based diagnostic and therapies for these patients. The correlation between unclassical T subsets and IL-17A may provide a novel target for the immunotherapy of PBC.
The SELENOT mimetic PSELT promotes nerve regeneration by increasing axonal myelination in a facial nerve injury model in female rats
Authors: Pothion Hugo , Lihrmann Isabelle , Duclos Celia , Riou Gaëtan , Cartier Dorthe , Boukhzar Loubna , Lefranc Benjamin , Leprince Jérôme , Guérout Nicolas , Marie Jean‐Paul , Anouar Youssef 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) is frequent and many patients suffer lifelong disabilities in severe cases. Although the peripheral nervous system is able to regenerate, its potential is limited. In this study, we tested in a nerve regeneration model in rat the potential beneficial effect of a short mimetic peptide, named PSELT, which derives from SELENOT, an essential thioredoxin‐like selenoprotein endowed with neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. For this purpose, the right facial nerve of female Long–Evans rats was axotomized then bridged with a free femoral vein interposition graft. PSELT (1 μM) was injected into the vein immediately and 48 h after the injury, and the effects observed were compared to those found after an end‐to‐end suture used as a gold standard treatment. Whisking behavior, electrophysiological potential, and histological analyses were performed 3 months after injury to determine the effects of these treatments. These analyses revealed that PSELT‐treated animals exhibit a better motor recovery in terms of protraction amplitude and velocity of vibrissae compared to control and end‐sutured nerve animal groups. Moreover, administration of PSELT following injury enhanced muscle innervation, axonal elongation, and myelination of newly formed nerve fibers. Altogether, these results indicate that a PSELT‐based treatment is sufficient to enhance facial nerve myelination and regeneration and could represent a new therapeutic tool to treat PNI.
Investigation of the effects of antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm peptide IDR1018 and chitosan nanoparticles on ciprofloxacin‐resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Haji Hossein Tabrizi Aida , Habibi Mehri , Foroohi Fatemeh , Mohammadian Taher , Asadi Karam Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeptide IDR1018 and chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) showed antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm activity against bacteria. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of peptide IDR1018 and CNs were evaluated on 50 clinical isolates of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) resistant to ciprofloxacin. Ion gelation method was applied for CNs synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were utilized to evaluate the nanoparticles. Antimicrobial and synergistic activity of peptide IDR1018 and CNs with ciprofloxacin were evaluated by microtiter broth dilution method. The checkerboard test was used to investigate the antimicrobial effects of IDR1018 and CNS in combination with ciprofloxacin. Anti‐biofilm effect of ciprofloxacin, peptide IDR1018, and CNs was evaluated using crystal violet method. Fourteen (28%), 21 (42%), and 15 (30%) of clinical isolates produced strong, moderate, and weak biofilm, respectively. The CNs were spherical and uniform under electron microscopy with an average diameter of 246 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 16–128, 20–40, and 375–750 (µg/ml) for ciprofloxacin, peptide IDR1018, and CNs, respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) analysis indicated a synergistic effect of ciprofloxacin in combination with peptide IDR1018, but in combination with CNs, this antibiotic showed an additive effect. Our results revealed that peptide IDR1018 and CNs have antimicrobial properties on UPEC isolates. Biofilm inhibition and biofilm eradication of clinical isolate were shown by peptide IDR1018 and CNs in a concentration‐dependent manner. The antimicrobial agents alone and in combination decreased the number of viable bacteria in the biofilms. Therefore, these components seem to be a treating approach against biofilm‐forming UPEC isolates.
Development of a microecologic product from Lactobacillus rhamnosus based on silica
Authors: Wu Wanqin , Liu Guanwen , Li Huixin , Yang Rongrong , Ai Chongyang , Pang Bing , Jiang Chunmei , Shi Junling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundProbiotics are primarily made into microecologic products for use in the food and feed industries. The freeze‐drying technique is widely used in their preparation to maintain their high level of bioactivity. This causes high costs in terms of the energy and time needed. In this study, we developed a method to produce a highly active microecologic product from Lactobacillus rhamnosus using heating and silica.ResultsA microecologic product was made successfully from L. rhamnosus using the whole bacterial culture broth, without waste, and using food‐grade silica (4.5 mL g−1) to absorb water before drying at 37 °C for 8 h. The activity of L. rhamnosus cells was increased significantly by adding water extracts of green tea to the culture medium. The viable amount of L. rhamnosus in the obtained microecologic product was 9.80 × 1010 cfu g−1 with a survival rate of 224.67% in simulated gastric juice for 3 h and 68.2% in simulated intestinal juice for 3 h. The microecologic product treated an intestinal infection by multi‐drug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in mice very efficiently.ConclusionThe study developed an economic, eco‐friendly, and efficient method for preparing highly active microecologic agents using heating and without waste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.