bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Cellular Analyses of Breast Cancers in Real Life
Authors: Castaneda Carlos A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common women’s malignancy. Incorporation of biomarkers of prognosis and prediction of response are needed to improve treatment management. Lectures for immunohistochemistry of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors as well as Ki67 staining in cancer cells have been incorporated, and their positive cutoffs have periodically been reviewed. Gene expression platforms in tumor lesions as well as germline and somatic mutations have also been included in the practice for treatment selection. Liquid biopsy evaluating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating DNA can also predict survival and has reached the clinical practice, although it needs better standardization. On the other side, biomarkers can also evaluate stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment, and they can predict survival and response to chemotherapy and targeted treatment. They have been incorporated in the daily practice, and new methodologies for obtaining more information are currently being developed.
Challenges in Establishing the Clinical Trials Centre at the University of Ulm
Authors: Lang Nicole 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA Clinical Trials Centre (CTC) is an institution that unites experts and expertise for successful designing, conducting and publishing of clinical trials. It provides competence and the infrastructure required for conducting clinical trials in compliance with international and national regulations, guidelines and standards, ICH GCP (good clinical practice) and the Declaration of Helsinki. Mostly, the CTCs are institutions of the Medical Faculty of the University or the University Hospitals, sometimes both. In Germany, after passing an audit providing reassurance of compliance with required standards, a Clinical Trials Centre is invited to join the Network of Coordinating Centers for Clinical Trials (KKS-Network). Challenges in establishing these standards are diverse and start at the underlying IT (information technology) structure that might not be suitable for providing validated data systems and continue in generating awareness for the need of centralised structures for being compliant with regulations and guidance in conducting high-quality clinical trials.
Quality Oncology Practice Improvement (QOPI) in Brazil: A Successful Knowledge Transfer Under the Auspices of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Authors: Guimaraes Rodrigo Cunha , Santos Pedro Ribeiro , Ferrari Bruno Lemos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractData suggest that the quality of care delivered to patients by a physician decreases over the years of clinical practice. In order to ensure quality care delivery, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has developed the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) and uses this program for international outreach activities. In this chapter, we describe the successful application of the quality management principles to our practice, Oncocentro, which is part of the Oncoclinicas Group.
Challenges in Running a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Seufferlein Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) have their origins already in 1945 in France as “Centres de lutte contre le cancer.” In 1971, the USA started their program as part of the National Cancer Act. Comprehensive Cancer Centers shall provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary cancer care at the highest level but also do combine the best possible treatment with innovative basic, translational, and clinical research in order to optimize care for patients. The concept not only includes medical or surgical treatment but much more includes nutrition, psychooncology, or palliative care. This review aims at pointing out the structure of a Comprehensive Cancer Center in Germany and its major components and tasks, the benefits that shall be achieved with such a structure for improving patient care, and the challenges in running a CCC.
Challenges and Outcomes in Launching the First Board-Certified Program in Radiation Oncology in Iraq
Authors: Mula-Hussain Layth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadiation therapy is—in many therapeutic settings—equivalent to surgery. Training in radiotherapy requires a particular infrastructure including highly trained personnel, safety training, and the necessary equipment as well as time. In this chapter, I will be describing the establishment of the first board-certified radiation oncology training in Iraq. In doing so, I will be outlining challenges specific to the region and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in general. I will also be describing the impact of this endeavor and its prospects.
Improving the WHO Classification of Tumours by an Evidence-Based Approach: A New Online/Blended Learning Training Program
Authors: Ruiz Blanca Iciar Indave 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe WHO Classification of Tumours (WCT) is a series of authoritative and concise reference books for the histological and molecular classification of tumors that underpins treatment and care of cancer patients, as well as research into cancer epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and is essential for cancer diagnosis worldwide. This classification relies traditionally on consensus of pathological expert opinions as basis for cancer classification, but the understanding of cancer at a molecular level advances in prognosis, and other related fields have moved the WCT to find ways of translating diagnostic research into evidence synthesis that can effectively inform decisions relevant to the classification. Systematic reviews represent the top of the hierarchy of scientific evidence and allow to summarize evidence from many publications to inform decisions. This evidence-based approach is the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine and well established in many medical specialties. However, uptake of these principles within pathology has been slow, and such high-quality reviews of available evidence are not easily available for authors contributing to the WCT. In an effort to overcome reluctance in the field to adopt these methods, a collaborative project between the Advanced Oncology program of the University of Ulm in Germany, the Cochrane Netherlands, the Universidad de Campinas in Brazil, and the WCT has been started. This project called Evi-Pat (Evidence-Based Pathology Training Initiative) aims to develop and evaluate an online training for oncologists and pathologists to train them in the application of evidence-based practice to pathology and related specialties, thereby addressing and overcoming challenges in this, and to pathology, novel approach. Scientific and didactic evaluation of such an effective training tool for online-educated pathologists and oncologists will improve the evidence base in pathology and hence provide a solid foundation for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making. We believe that an evidence-based approach to informing key decisions that feed into tumor classification will allow the WCT editorial board to mitigate the potential inclusion of biased decisions into the classification and also benefit authors by providing structured, transparent, and reliable methods for the synthesis of available evidence for each tumor type, as the same time training to apply these methodologies.
Getting Started in Research: What Registries Can Do for You
Authors: Alfaar Ahmad Samir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStarting research without external funding seems like an unsurmountable endeavor. Nevertheless, it is possible and worthwhile. In this chapter, I describe my approach to research, mainly from an epidemiological perspective. This means, registries are the basis of my research, and I am asking clinically relevant questions that may be answered, analyzing registry data. Furthermore, I am describing my research pathway using accessible high-quality registries, like SEER, as well as analyses of registries I was involved in.
The Challenge of Our Lifetime
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change is a real and ever-present danger to the world we know. It is an imperfect world, where profits and quick turnarounds have been favored above basic human rights, and where exploitation of natural resources takes place on a massive scale with too little regard for the long-term consequences.
Set Category Work and Suppliers in Motion
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSuppliers are the most powerful alliance there is. Once there has been a category assessment within the supply base, it will be clear where action is required first. Then make use of one of the many sustainability tools available to cover the basics of sustainability.
Create a Movement and Drive Transformation
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are only positive outcomes to effective leadership—companies headed by the right people attract and maintain talent; they futureproof themselves and their companies against sustainability-related legislation; they are more favorable options for investors; and finally, mindful customers prefer to do business with them. All gain, no pain.
Outlook 2030 and Conclusion
Authors: Aichbauer Stefan , Buchhauser Martina , Erben Agnes , Steinert Sven , Tietze Detlef , Wiking Emilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs we said in Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-98640-7_1#Sec1, it is time to change the way we treat the planet and all its ecosystems. It is time to change the way some people are abused for the sake of lowering the cost of consumer goods. It is time to change the way we live, time to change the way we do business, and time to put sustainability on top of the agenda when making supply chain and procurement decisions. The world in 2030 should be a cleaner, more equitable place than it is now. This will be the case if the highly informed insights from the pioneering sustainability leaders featured above and throughout this book come true.
Introduction
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe outline the objectives of the book, setting them in the context of disaster risk management in a changing world and introducing the role of warnings in mitigating weather-related disasters. We describe the warning value chain, linking the needs of the decision-maker with forecasting capability; identify the blockages where information is lost, which we call the “valleys of death”; and introduce partnership as the core theme of the book. We then summarise the structure of the book and of each chapter, concluding by emphasising the importance of having a governance framework to monitor performance, inform troubleshooting and determine investment.
Connecting Warning with Decision and Action: A Partnership of Communicators and Users
Authors: Scolobig Anna , Potter Sally , Kox Thomas , Kaltenberger Rainer , Weyrich Philippe , Chasco Julia , Golding Brian , Hilderbrand Douglas , Fleischhut Nadine , Uprety Dharam , Rana Bikram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the challenges of achieving a level of awareness of disaster risk, by each person or organisation receiving a warning, which allows them to take actions to reduce potential impacts while being consistent with the warning producer’s capabilities and cost-effectiveness considerations. Firstly we show how people respond to warnings and how the nature and delivery of the warning affects their response. We look at the aims of the person providing the warning, the constraints within which they must act and the judgement process behind the issue of a warning. Then we address the delivery of the warning, noting that warning messages need to be tailored to different groups of receivers, and see how a partnership between warner and warned can produce a more effective result. We include illustrative examples of co-design of warning systems in Argentina and Nepal, experience in communicating uncertainty in Germany and the Weather-Ready Nation initiative in the USA. We conclude with a summary of aspects of the warning that need to be considered between warner and decision-maker when designing or upgrading a warning system.
Connecting Weather and Hazard: A Partnership of Physical Scientists in Connected Disciplines
Authors: Golding Brian , Sun Jenny , Riemer Michael , Yussouf Nusrat , Titley Helen , Robbins Joanne , Ebert Beth , Pagano Tom , Lewis Huw , Dashwood Claire , Boyce Graeme , Peace Mika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAchieving consistency in the prediction of the atmosphere and related environmental hazards requires careful design of forecasting systems. In this chapter, we identify the benefits of seamless approaches to hazard prediction and the challenges of achieving them in a multi-institution situation. We see that different modelling structures are adopted in different disciplines and that these often relate to the user requirements for those hazards. We then explore the abilities of weather prediction to meet the requirements of these different disciplines. We find that differences in requirement and language can be major challenges to seamless data processing and look at some ways in which these can be resolved. We conclude with examples of partnerships in flood forecasting in the UK and wildfire forecasting in Australia.
Pulling It All Together, End-to-End
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, we emphasise the performance of the whole chain. We look at fire warnings as an effective system to see what we can learn from them. We see that each step in the chain is important but that the bridges are at least as important as each of the steps. Partnership is key to the effectiveness of each bridge and is also crucial for the overall chain. Understanding the way in which value propagates up and down the chain can enable improvements to be targeted in the most beneficial places. We conclude with a summary of some attributes of the “perfect” warning chain.
Mitofusins: from mitochondria to fertility
Authors: Zhao Shanjiang , Heng Nuo , Wang Huan , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Haobo , Gong Jianfei , Hu Zhihui , Zhu Huabin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGerm cell formation and embryonic development require ATP synthesized by mitochondria. The dynamic system of the mitochondria, and in particular, the fusion of mitochondria, are essential for the generation of energy. Mitofusin1 and mitofusin2, the homologues of Fuzzy onions in yeast and Drosophila, are critical regulators of mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells. Since their discovery mitofusins (Mfns) have been the source of significant interest as key influencers of mitochondrial dynamics, including membrane fusion, mitochondrial distribution, and the interaction with other organelles. Emerging evidence has revealed significant insight into the role of Mfns in germ cell formation and embryonic development, as well as the high incidence of reproductive diseases such as asthenospermia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the key mechanisms of Mfns in mitochondrial dynamics, focusing particularly on the role of Mfns in the regulation of mammalian fertility, including spermatogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryonic development. We also highlight the role of Mfns in certain diseases associated with the reproductive system and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain
Authors: Matsuoka Ryota L. , Buck Luke D. , Vajrala Keerti P. , Quick Rachael E. , Card Olivia A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain–blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
Level Repulsion for Arithmetic Toral Point Scatterers in Dimension 3
Authors: Kurlberg Pär 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe show that arithmetic toral point scatterers in dimension three (“Šeba billiards on $${\mathbb R}^3/{\mathbb Z}^3$$

R

3

/

Z

3

”) exhibit strong level repulsion between the set of “new” eigenvalues. More precisely, let $$\Lambda := \{ \lambda _{1}< \lambda _{2} < \ldots \}$$

Λ
:
=
{

λ
1

<

λ
2

<
…
}

denote the unfolded set of new eigenvalues. Then, given any $$\gamma >0$$

γ
>
0

, $$\begin{aligned} \frac{|\{ i \le N : \lambda _{i+1}-\lambda _{i} \le \epsilon \}|}{N} = O_{\gamma }(\epsilon ^{4-\gamma }) \end{aligned}$$

|
{
i
≤
N
:

λ

i
+
1

-

λ
i

≤
ϵ
}
|

N

=

O
γ

(

ϵ

4
-
γ

)

as $$N \rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

(and $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

small.) To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mathematically rigorous demonstration of a level repulsion phenomena for the quantization of a deterministic system.
Die neuen Reanimationsleitlinien 2021 und der hohe Stellenwert der Laienreanimation
Authors: Horriar Lina , Rott Nadine , Böttiger Bernd W. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Wiederbelebung durch Laien ist eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen, um die Überlebensrate von Patientinnen und Patienten nach außerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand zu erhöhen. Während in anderen europäischen Ländern, vor allem in Skandinavien, Laienreanimationsquoten von über 80 % erreicht werden, liegt die Quote in Deutschland nur bei rund 40 %. Die vom European Resuscitation Council aktualisierten Reanimationsleitlinien 2021 messen den lebensrettenden Systemen eine zentrale Bedeutung bei und legen dabei einen Fokus auf die Wiederbelebung durch Laien. Die lebensrettenden Systeme betonen das Zusammenspiel zwischen allen an der Überlebenskette beteiligten Akteurinnen und Akteuren. So wird auch die Verbindung von Rettungsdienst und der Allgemeinbevölkerung konkretisiert.Angelehnt an die BIG-FIVE-Überlebensstrategien nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand werden 5 zentrale Strategien erläutert, mit denen die größte Verbesserung des Überlebens erreicht werden kann. Darunter fallen 1) die Erhöhung der Laienreanimationsquote durch Kampagnen und die schulische Ausbildung in Wiederbelebung KIDS SAVE LIVES, 2) die Implementierung der Telefonreanimation in Leitstellen, 3) Ersthelfersysteme, 4) die flächendeckende Advanced-Life-Support-Versorgung und 5) spezialisierte Kliniken, sogenannte Cardiac Arrest Centers, nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand.
Efficacy and safety of systemic, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Plontke Stefan K. , Girndt Matthias , Meisner Christoph , Böselt Iris , Ludwig-Kraus Beatrice , Richter Michael , Rahne Torsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Systemic glucocorticosteroids (“steroids”) are widely used worldwide as a standard of care for primary therapy of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). The German ISSHL guideline recommends high-dose steroids without evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and refers solely to retrospective cohort studies. This RCT aims to assess the efficacy (improvement in hearing) and safety (especially systemic side effects) of high-dose steroids versus standard of care (standard dose systemic steroids) for the treatment of unilateral ISSHL, when given as a primary therapy.

Methods
The study is designed as a multicenter (approximately 40 centers), randomized, triple-blind, three-armed, parallel group, clinical trial with 312 adult patients. The interventions consist of 5 days of 250 mg/day intravenous prednisolone (intervention 1) + oral placebo, or 5 days of 40 mg/day oral dexamethasone (intervention 2) + intravenous placebo. The control intervention consists of 60 mg oral prednisolone for 5 days followed by five tapering doses + intravenous placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint is the change in hearing threshold in the three most affected contiguous frequencies between 0.25 and 8 kHz 1 month after ISSHL. Secondary endpoints include further measures of hearing improvement including speech audiometry, tinnitus, quality of life, blood pressure, and altered glucose tolerance.

Discussion
There is an unmet medical need for an effective medical therapy of ISSHL. Although sensorineural hearing impairment can be partially compensated by hearing aids or cochlear implants (CI), generic hearing is better than using hearing aids or CIs. Since adverse effects of a short course of high-dose systemic corticosteroids have not been documented with good evidence, the trial will improve knowledge on possible side effects in the different treatment arms with a focus on hyperglycemia and hypertension.

Trial registration
EudraCT (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database) Nr. 2015-002602-36; Sponsor code: KKSH-127.
Fenestrierte und verzweigte endovaskuläre Aortenprothesen
Authors: Dachs Theresa-Marie , Hauck Sven Rudolf , Kern Maximilian , Klausenitz Catharina , Funovics Martin A. 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Komplexe abdominelle aortale Pathologien, welche die Abgänge der Viszeralarterien miterfassen und bei denen kein adäquater proximaler Hals gegeben ist, können heute mittels fortgeschrittener FEVAR/BEVAR-Technik („fenestrated/branched endovascular aneurysm repair“) mit ähnlicher Sicherheit und vergleichbaren Erfolgsraten behandelt werden wie infrarenale Pathologien mit konventionellem EVAR.

Methodische Innovationen und Probleme
Zur Versorgung der Viszeralarterien können Fenestrierungen (bei Abgang der Viszeralarterie aus der nichtdilatierten Aorta) oder Verzweigungen (bei Abgang aus der dilatierten Aorta) verwendet werden. Beide Arten von Öffnungen werden mit Verbindungsstentgrafts (VSG) zu den Viszeralarterien abgedichtet. Mehrere Hersteller bieten fenestrierte oder verzweigte Endoprothesen an, wobei diese nur in Einzelfällen CE-zertifiziert und überwiegend in Europa als individuelle Sonderanfertigungen patientenbezogen erhältlich sind. Dies setzt eine entsprechende Lieferzeit voraus, was die Behandlung akuter Patienten mit solchen Prothesen unmöglich macht. Es liegen allerdings zwei Produkte von vierfach verzweigten Endoprothesen vor, die einen größeren Bereich der anatomischen Gegebenheiten bei thorakoabdominellen Aneurysmen auch im Akutfall abdecken und behandelbar machen. Sämtliche FEVAR- und BEVAR-Hauptkörper benötigen VSG, die durchgehend von Fremdherstellern stammen und von denen gegenwärtig noch kein einziges Produkt für diese Anwendung zertifiziert ist.

Empfehlungen
Da Probleme an Verbindungsstentgrafts eine wesentliche Ursache für Reinterventionen sind, sollte in der Nachsorge Knickbildungen und Brüchen an diesen Verbindungsstents besonderes Augenmerk geschenkt und von der Verwendung einschichtiger Designs beim BEVAR abgesehen werden.