bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of B vitamins leads to cholesterol-independent atherogenic transformation of the aorta
Authors: Almer Gunter , Opriessnig Peter , Wolinski Heimo , Sommer Gerhard , Diwoky Clemens , Lechleitner Margarete , Kolb Dagmar , Bubalo Vladimir , Brunner Markus , Schwarz Andreas , Leitinger Gerd , Schoiswohl Garbriele , Marsche Gunther , Niedrist Tobias , Schauer Silvia , Oswald Wolfgang , Groselj-Strele Andrea , Paar Marget , Cvirn Gerhard , Hoefler Gerald , Rechberger Gerald , Herrmann Markus , Frank Sasa , Holzapfel Gerhard , Kratky Dagmar , Mangge Harald , Hörl Gerd , Tehlivets Oksana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease responsible for the majority of deaths worldwide, cannot be sufficiently explained by established risk factors including hypercholesterolemia. Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and is strongly linked to cardiovascular mortality. However, the role of homocysteine in atherosclerosis is still insufficiently understood. Previous research in this area has been also hampered by the lack of reproducible in-vivo models of atherosclerosis that resemble the human situation.Methods: Aortic specimens obtained from balloon injured rabbits fed either diet deficient in B vitamins, supplemented with 1% cholesterol or combined diet were subjected to ex vivo MRI, myographical, biomechanical, microscopical and histological analysis. Lipoproteins were analyzed by FPLC.Findings: We developed and applied an automated system for vessel wall injury that leads to more homogenous damage and more pronounced atherosclerotic plaque development even at low balloon pressure. Already in the absence of hypercholesterolemia, B vitamin deficiency results in accumulation of macrophages and lipids in the aorta, impairment of its biomechanical properties and disorganization of aortic collagen. Combination of B vitamin deficiency and hypercholesterolemia leads to thickening of the aorta, decreased aortic water diffusion, increased LDL-cholesterol and impaired vascular reactivity of the aorta.Interpretation: Our findings suggest that deficiency of B vitamins leads to atherosclerotic transformation of the aorta already in the absence of hypercholesterolemia and aggravates atherosclerosis development in its presence.Funding: This work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (Projects P31105 and P33672), the EU project NanoAthero and BioTechMed-Graz.
Recreational nitrous oxide use causing internal carotid artery thrombus leading to ischemic stroke in a young adult: a case report
Authors: Hermans Anaïs , Kerstens Jeroen , Snijders Erwin , Daele Wendy Van , Hollering Paul , El-Abdellati Esmael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) is on the rise and users increasingly present to emergency services with a wide range of – mostly neurological – complications. Case presentation: We describe a very rare case of a 22-year-old male who sporadically uses N2O and presented to the emergency department with a large right-hemispheric stroke caused by a thrombus in the right internal carotid artery. After thorough exclusion of other causes, the underlying mechanism was found to be N2O-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke should be considered in N2O users presenting with acute neurological deficits, especially when lateralization is present. Conversely, young stroke patients should be specifically questioned about N2O use and homocysteine levels should be obtained. These recommendations have therapeutic implications both in the acute phase and thereafter.
Integrating orientation mechanisms, adrenocortical activity, and endurance flight in vagrancy behaviour
Authors: Snell Katherine R. S. , Young Rebecca C. , Krause Jesse S. , Collinson J. Martin , Wingfield John C. , Thorup Kasper 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Avian migratory processes are typically precisely oriented, yet vagrants are frequently recorded outside their normal range. Wind displaced vagrants often show corrective behaviour, and as an appropriate response is likely adaptive. We investigated the physiological response to vagrancy in passerines. Activation of the emergency life-history stage (ELHS), assessed by high baseline plasma corticosterone, is a potential mechanism to elicit compensatory behaviour in response to challenges resulting from navigational error. We compared circulating plasma corticosterone concentrations and body condition between three migratory groups in autumn: 1) naturally displaced SW vagrants and 2) long distance SE vagrants on the remote Faroe Islands, and 3) birds within the expected SW migratory route (controls) on the Falsterbo peninsula. An ELHS characterized by elevated corticosterone was not generally observed among naturally displaced birds. We found limited support for an increased rate of corticosterone elevation within our 3 minute sample interval in a single species, but overall no differences in corticosterone were detected across groups. Interestingly, fat scores were negatively correlated with circulating corticosterone. The correlation between fat and corticosterone suggest that ELHS activation depends upon individuals’ energetic states. In individuals caught at the completion of an obligate long-distance migratory flight, we found some evidence of corticosterone suppression. Interestingly, limited data did support the induction of negative feedback mechanisms that suppress corticosterone during endurance exercise, even when fuel loads are low.
A Novel Energy-Efficient Forwarding Probabilistic Strategies For Distributed And Localized Heterogeneous Wsns
Authors: sabri yassine , najib elkamoun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the context of geographic routing in wireless sensor networks linked by probabilistic communication channels, energy efficient transmission is important to extend the network lifetime. To this end, we propose a novel methods ,ProFor and EnProFor protocols are distributed and localized protocols. They can adapt to a topological change of the network and work robustly against individual node failure. Of course, probabilistic forwarding inherently runs the risk of losing a message. However, both analysis and simulations show that ProFor and EnProFor work very well to guarantee a high success probability for data transmission.We study the way of data transmission and develop a probabilistic forwarding protocol. This protocol lets relay nodes transmit packets with a certain probability to let messages reach the base station with a predefined probability. Simulation examples comparing the energy costs for the different strategies illustrate the theoretical analysis in the cases. With the method proposed it is possible to obtain a significant energy savings (up to ten times) with probabilistic transmission rate and power.
Clinical, Haemato-Biochemical Alterations and Therapeutic Regimens in Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Affected Cattle in Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Hatzade Ravindrakumar Imdeo , Bhikane Anil U. , Waghmare Sunil P. , Pajai Kishor S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study reports the analysis of clinical signs, haemato-biochemical alterations, and various therapeutic protocols followed in the treatment of 439 cases of lumpy skin disease (LSD) affected cattle in Akola and Bhandara districts of Maharashtra state, India from August 2020 to October 2020. LSD was diagnosed based on the characteristic clinical signs such as fever, raised, circular, firm, nodules on the skin, swelling on legs, edema with moderate lymphadenopathy, lameness and cellulitis, etc. as per the guidelines given in the OIE manual with Laboratory confirmation of 5 cases at High-Security Animal Disease Laboratory (NIHSAD), Bhopal through Regional Disease Investigation Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Akola. Out of 439 cases, 427 (97.27%) were cattle and 12 (2.73%) were buffaloes, indicating higher susceptibility of cattle than buffaloes with 88.61% females and 11.39% males among all affected animals. The current study revealed higher susceptibility in 372 (84.74%) crossbred animals followed by 67 (15.26%) non-descript cattle. Animals in the age group of 1-5 years were highly affected (58.54%) followed by animals above the age of 5 years (34.85%) and least in cattle aged below 1 year (6.61%). It was also observed that lactating animals were affected more (35.77%) than pregnant animals (23.58%). Treatment with Enrofloxacin along with antihistaminics, NSAIDs, and Vit B-complex for 3-10 days depending upon the severity of cases was the most cost-effective as compared to other treatment protocols.
Mango performance as affected by the soil application of Zeolite and Biochar under water salinity stresses
Authors: Harhash Mohamed M. , Ahamed Masoud M. M. , Mosa Walid F. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out during two consecutive seasons, 2020 and 2021 on twelve years old mango (Mangifera indica L.). cv. Ewaise grown in region- Idku, El- Behaira Governorate, Egypt. The trees were planted at 5 x 4 m apart and grafted on 'Sokary' root stock to study the influence of zeolite and biochar on growth, yield, and fruit quality of “Ewaise” mango cultivar irrigated by agricultural drainage water. The trees were treated by the following treatments: Zeolite or Biochar sloley at 1, 2 and 3 kg for tree, and their different combinations such as 1 kg Zeolite + 1 kg Biochar; 1 kg Zeolite + 2 kg Biochar; 1 kg Zeolite + 3 kg Biochar; 2 kg Zeolite + 1 kg Biochar; 2kg Zeolite + 2 kg Biochar; 2 kg Zeolite + 3 kg Biochar; 3kg Zeolite + 1 kg Biochar; 3 kg Zeolite + 2 kg Biochar; 3 kg Zeolite + 3 kg Biochar as well as control zero soil application. The obtained results showed that the soil application of zeolite or biochar gave appositive effect on improving the soil characteristics which was reflects on the tree trunck thickness, shoot length and thickness, number of inflorescences, yield in kg per tree and fruit quality. The greatest positive effect on the previous mentioned parameters was obtained by the combined application of the soil application of 2kg Zeolite + 3kg Biochar; 2kg Zeolite + 2 kg Biochar; 3 kg Zeolite + 2 kg Biochar; 3 kg Zeolite + 3 kg Biochar over the rest applied treatments or control in the two seasons.
Mapping of Lumbar Multifidus Stiffness Quantification in Ankylosing Spondylitis with Shear-wave Elastography
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Liu Jiajia , Meng Lingcui , Fu Wen , Gao Jing , Ma Ruixia , Luo Yuxuan , Peng Yingjun , Wu Lihua , Li Ziping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Lower back pain and stiffness are the typical symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this study, muscle mass was assessed by muscle density, mechanical elasticity, and area. We investigated the characteristics of lumbar paraspinal-muscle (PSM) mass using muscle ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE), as well as the validity of this method for identifying patients with AS.
Methods
We recruited a representative cohort of 30 AS patients, and 27 healthy volunteers who were age- and sex-matched to the patient study group.
Results
Young’s modulus (YM) of SWE in AS patients was significantly higher than that in volunteers. Percentage change in lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness were significantly lower in AS patients than in healthy volunteers on the left side of the body. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between percentage change in CSA and thickness in both volunteers and AS patients. In AS patients, YM was negatively correlated with percentage change of CSA and thickness on the right side, while increased disease duration in AS was associated with increased YM on the left.
Conclusion
AS patients showed reductions in LM muscle mass and function as the disease progressed, SWE could reflect these changes well.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031476. Registered 02/04/2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
Quantitative comparison on delignification performance of pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Xiao Kai , Li Haixiao , Liu Le , Liu Xiaoning , Lian Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pretreatments for delignification are necessarily required for the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. However, in current literature various pretreatment approaches have been applied to same kinds of biomass. In order to find the optimum pretreatments for biomass with various lignin contents, a quantitative comparison has been made on the delignification performance of 15 categories of pretreatments in this study. In total, 1729 series of biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin recovery data were collected from 214 relevant studies. The box-plots and Cate-Nelson-like graphs were applied for the analysis. The results showed that among the 15 pretreatment categories, alkali, oxidation, organic solvent, and multiple-step pretreatments worked better to remove more lignin while recover more cellulose. Moreover, alkali pretreatments tended to more evidently increase saccharification efficiency by about five folds on average than the other three pretreatments.
Cat control in a seabird colony has limited top-down effects on native and invasive mammalian mesopredators and prey but invasive rodents respond to seasonal pulse of productivity
Authors: Scomparin Cyril , Geale Caitlan , Johnson Christopher N. , Jones Menna E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Control of invasive predators is a priority to protect island biodiversity. Understanding the responses of other species in multi-species invaded food webs is important to avoid unintended consequences. We use an intensive two-year cat-trapping program in the vicinity of seabird colonies on Bruny Island, Tasmania, to estimate the change in densities of feral cats and investigate the effect of control on the behaviour and abundance of native and invasive mammal species. Cat density before control was extremely high then reduced by 5.4-fold consequent to control. We show a complex but subtle cascade of ecological effects among mesopredator and prey species, with a lagged response to a pulse of bottom-up productivity provided by breeding seabirds. Our study demonstrates that cat density on islands, particularly around seasonally rich food resources such as seabird colonies, can be very high, much higher than on mainland areas, and that control using trapping is effective reducing cat density in this focussed landscape context. Our results highlight the complexity of effects of control of an invasive predator on the broader ecosystem. The top-down effect of cats on the ecosystem was limited but the response of prey indicates a predator effect conditioned by temporal change in bottom-up productivity.
Enhanced visible-light-driven photodegradation of tetracycline by salicylic acid modified-graphitic carbon nitride and toxicity assessment
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Li Mengxue , Li Peng , Lee Stephanie Ling Jie , Tang Juanjuan , Li Qian , Lin Sijie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The tetracycline (TC) in water has led to serious concern. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts were produced via copolymerization of mono-benzene ring-mediated precursors (urea, melamine, and dicyandiamide) involving salicylic acid (SA) for TC degradation. The SA-modified g-C3N4 samples showed improved visible-light absorbance, transfer and separation of photogenerated electrons, and prospective photocatalytic application in TC degradation. As a result, the optimal SA-modified g-C3N4 (2 wt% of SA) using urea (CNU-SA-2) showed 2 times higher TC degradation than that of pristine g-C3N4. The process of TC degradation was evaluated by the reduction of antibacterial activity and extensively studied by varying the types of TC, initial pH values, co-existing anions, and natural organic materials. In addition, the catalyst could be reused for at least four cycles, indicating good reusability. The main active species were revealed to be h+ and ·O2− by scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance. The CNU-SA-2 photocatalyst and TC intermediates during degradation had no adverse impact on zebrafish embryos. This work could provide a design strategy and a perspective on the practical application of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for the treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.
Alternating Chempolishing and Electropolishing for Interior and Exterior Surface Finishing of Additively Manufactured(AM) Metal components
Authors: Dillard Joshua , Grizzle Andrew , Demisse Wondwosen , Rice Lucas , Klein Kate , Tyagi Pawan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Additively Manufactured (AM) components' surface finishing is crucial in adopting them for intended applications in challenging environments involving fatigue, corrosion, high temperature, and nuclear radiation. In our prior research, chempolishing(C) was utilized as an electroless etching process that uniformly smoothens complex AM components' accessible interior and exterior surfaces(Tyagi et al., Additive Manufacturing, Vol.25 pp.32). A wide range of electropolishing(E) has been demonstrated for AM surface finishing. However, electropolishing can impact a surface that can be juxtaposed to counter electrode and can a very smooth surface to sub-micrometer level roughness. However, a knowledge gap exists about the impact of applying both approaches on the same surface one after another and what new advantages may arise because of combining two methods. This paper uses dual-stage liquid-based surface finishing strategies produced by alternating the chempolishing(C) and electropolishing(E) steps. Two dual-stage surface finishing approaches, i.e., chempolishing followed by electropolishing(CE) and electropolishing followed by chempolishing (EC), were performed on the 316 stainless AM steel component. Impacts of EC and CE approaches were compared with single-stage C and E surface finishing approaches. An optical microscope and mechanical profilometer were utilized to investigate the wide range of surface roughness parameters. CE and EC produced Ra ~ 1.4 µm and ~ 1.6 µm, respectively. Surface roughness on CE and EC treated AM samples was lower than those individually treated by C and E approaches. Scanning electron microscopy provided further insights into the microstructural difference between CE and EC treated AM samples. This paper reports a liquid contact angle study on CE and EC treated AM samples to provide insights into the relative difference in surface energy that is crucial for making coatings on AM parts. A spectroscopic reflectance study was also employed to register the difference in physical properties of AM components treated with CE, and EC approaches. This study reveals industrially practicable interior and exterior surface finishing approaches for complex AM metal components that require minimum tooling and real-time process monitoring.
Biodiversity-food trade-offs when agricultural land is spared from production
Authors: Palmer Charles , Groom Ben , Langton Steve 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To stem biodiversity loss, the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes a substantial expansion of area-based conservation measures. However, half of the earth's land is under agriculture. The expansion of area-based measures in agricultural landscapes necessitates the sparing, or setting aside, of land from production, potentially generating biodiversity benefits yet at the risk of a reduction in food supply. Focusing on bird species and cereals, we empirically evaluate biodiversity-food trade-offs in a set-aside scheme implemented in England between 1992-2007. In a first panel dataset, of bird counts and land uses at the landscape scale, higher rates of set-aside increase species abundance and richness by, respectively, 1.2-2.1% and 0.7-0.9%, but have no impact on diversity (Shannon-Wiener index). These effects are discontinuous, subject to thresholds in set-aside areas. A minimum 200ha of set-aside, about 3% of agricultural land, is required for a positive effect on biodiversity. A higher threshold, exceeding 900ha of set-aside, equivalent to around 13% of agricultural land, generates a 15-25% and 30-35% increase in abundance and richness, respectively. Estimates of short- and long-run effects show that impacts are larger in the long-run, reflecting population and species-area dynamics, and the benefits of a sustained policy. In a second, farm-level panel dataset, set-aside is associated with a 10-17% decline in cereal output, with weak evidence of an attenuating land-sparing effect on yields. Our results suggest that although biodiversity-food trade-offs are likely in high-yield agricultural landscapes, such as those in England, the risk of a reduction in food supply could be minimised in low-yield landscapes, that is, where there is still scope for intensification.
A mixed method media analysis of the representation of the South African National Health Insurance policy in the mainstream media from 2011 to 2019
Authors: Bust Lynn , Whyle Eleanor , Olivier Jill 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Media is a crucial factor in shaping public opinion and setting policy agendas. There is limited research on the role of media in health policy processes in low- and middle-income countries. This study profiles South Africa as a case example, currently in the process of implementing a major health policy reform, National Health Insurance (NHI).Methods: A descriptive, mixed methods study was conducted in five phases. Evidence was gathered through a scoping review of secondary literature; discourse analysis of global policy documents on universal health coverage and South African NHI policy documents; and a content and discourse analysis of South African print and online media texts focused on NHI. Representations within media were analysed and dominant discourses that might influence the policy process were identified.Results: Discourses of ‘health as a global public good’ and ‘neoliberalism’ were identified in global and national policy documents. Similar neoliberal discourse was identified within SA media. Unique discourses were identified within SA media relating to biopolitics and corruption. Media representations reveal political and ideological contestation which was not as present in the global and national policy documents. Media representations did not mirror the lived reality of most of the South African population. The discourses identified influence the policy process and hinder public participation in these processes. They reinforce social hierarchy and power structures in South Africa, and might reinforce current inequalities in the health system, with negative repercussions for access to health care.Conclusions: There is a need to understand mainstream media as part of a people-centred health system, particularly in the context of universal health coverage reforms such as NHI. Harmful media representations should be counter-acted. This requires the formation of collaborative and sustainable networks of policy actors to develop strategies on how to leverage media within health policy to support policy processes, build public trust and social cohesion, and ultimately decrease inequalities and increase access to health care. Research should be undertaken to explore media in other diverse formats and languages, and in other contexts, particularly low- and middle-income countries, to further understand media’s role in health policy processes.