bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrates as Drugs and Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Witczak Zbigniew J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
New developments in the medidnal chemistry of carbohydrate based drugs is presented. Classificatio!"J,_ as well as therapeutic effects and potential applications are discussed. The main objective of this review is to compile literature data on known carbohydrate therapeutics and address a new developments in particularly promising areas of medicinal chemistry utilizing carbohydrates as new potential drugs.
β-Lactam Compounds. Inhibitors of Transpeptidases, β-Lactamases and Elastases: A Review
Authors: Mascaretti O.A. , Boschetti C.E. , Danelon G.O. , Mata E.G. , Roveri O.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
There are three classes of serine proteases that specifically recognise and cleave the cyclic amide bond of the four membered P­ lactam ring. One class is the bacterial D-alanyi-D-alanine transpeptidases/ carboxypeptidases or D,D-peptidase enzymes, which are the inhibitory targets for p-lactam antibiotics. The second group are the bacterial P­ lactamases, which catalyse the hydrolysis of the P-lactam antibiotics, yielding
biologically inactive products.The third group are elastases, particularly the mammalian human leukocyte elastase which is a serine protease that uses the catalytic triad of Ser-195, His-57 and Asp-102, to catalyse the cleavage of the amide bonds of peptides and various proteins, including elastin, the connective tissue of the lung.

The mechanism by which the three classes of enzymes cleave amide bond involves the nucleophilic addition of the hydroxyl group of an active site serine to the carbonyl carbon of the cleavable P-lactam bond and formation of a tetrahedral intermediate that collapses to an acyl­ enzyme intermediate. P-Lactamases differ from D,D-peptidases in that they catalyse the dea­ cylation step very efficiently. Although P-lactamases resemble elastases in the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate via the enzyme active-site serine, they differ in that the cooperating residues are lysine and glutamic acid for class A P-lactamases, and histidine and aspartic acid for elastases.

The mechanism of action of these three types of enzymes has been supported by X-ray crystallographic determination and/or by electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry. Kinetic studies were used to decide whether a postulated intermediate lies on the reaction pathway. Application of site-directed mutagenesis has led to new insights into the mechanism of catalysis by P-lactamases.

This review takes examples, mostly from P-lactam compounds developed as elastase inhibitors, to illustrate how an understanding of physico-chemical properties and an appreciation of the molecular shape and electronic properties can lead to a better insight into molecular recognition processes. The synthetic methods employed in the synthesis of lead P-lactam compounds as elastase inhibitors are also discussed.
Preparation and Chemical/Physical Characterization of Individual Nanoscaled Fibrils
Authors: Subramani Ramesh , Senthilkumar Praveetha , Chandran Sharmila , Kartsev Alexey , Shavrov Vladimir , Lega Petr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Polymer-based nanofibril finds its application in various fields including tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, food packaging, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. These nanofibrils are subjected to chemical treatment and constant stress, which may cause permanent deformation to the fibrils when it is used. Therefore, the synthesis of well-defined nanofibrils and characterization techniques are key elements in identifying desired chemical and physical properties for suitable applications. Many methods have been developed to prepare individual nanofibrils, including electrospinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly. Among all, self-assembly offers simple, efficient, and lowcost strategies that produce high-ordered nanofibrils using noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of the review provides detailed molecular interactions and simulations that can be controlled to achieve the formation of well-defined individual nanofibrils. The second part of the review describes the various existing tools to characterize the chemical and physical properties of single nanofibrils including atomic force microscopy. In the final part of the review, recently developed novel nanotools that measure the mechanical properties of nanofibrils are described. By bridging the gap between molecular interactions and resulting nanoscale fibirls, physical and chemical properties may lead to the construction of novel nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Nanoplatforms for Promoting Osteogenesis in Ovariectomy-Induced
Osteoporosis in the Experimental Model
Authors: Aglan Hadeer A. , Fouad-Elhady Enas A. , Hassan Rasha E. , Sabry Gilane M. , Ahmed Hanaa H. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Osteoporosis is a debilitating bone ailment characterized by the obvious loss of bone mass and bone microarchitecture impairment.

Objective:
This study aimed to illuminate the in vivo usefulness of nanotechnology as a treatment for osteoporosis via analyzing the effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHa), nano-hydroxy- apatite/chitosan (nHa/C), and nano-hydroxyapatite/silver (nHa/S) in mitigation of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

Method:
The characterization of the nHa, nHa/C, and nHa/S was carried out using TEM, SEM, FTIR, and Zeta potential measurements. This in vivo study included 48 adult female rats that were randomized into six groups (8 rats/group): (1) Sham-operated control, (2) osteoporotic, (3) nHa, (4) nHa/C, (5) nHa/S, and (6) Fosamax®. Serum osterix level was quantified using ELISA. Femur bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. The femur bones were scanned by DEXA for measurement of bone mineral density and bone mineral content. In ad-dition, a histopathological examination of femur bones was performed.

Results:
The present approach denoted that the treatment with nHa, nHa/C, or nHa/S yields a signif-icant rise in serum level of osterix and mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and SMAD1 as well as significant enhancements of bone tissue minerals.

Conclusion:
The findings affirmed the potency of nHa, nHa/C, and nHa/S as auspicious nanoplat-forms for repairing bone defects in the osteoporotic rat model. The positive effect of the inspected nanoformulations arose from bone formation indicators in serum and tissue, and additionally, the reinforcement of bone density and content, which were verified by the histopathological description of bone tissue sections.
Discord como herramienta de enseñanza en línea durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Contreras-Espinosa Ruth Sofia , Eguia-Gomez Jose Luis 
Published: February 2022

La pandemia de COVID-19 obligó a las autoridades españolas a declarar el estado de alarma y suspender la enseñanza presencial, por lo que fueron necesarias nuevas iniciativas para atender la demanda educativa. Este estudio describe la experiencia de 20 profesores de la Escuela de Nuevas Tecnologías Interactivas de la Universidad de Barcelona durante los primeros meses de docencia digital con la plataforma Discord. Discord permite crear múltiples secuencias de clases, reducir la carga del sistema y puede usarse en diversas plataformas y dispositivos con pocos recursos. Mediante la observación de clases, entrevistas y una revisión bibliográfica, estudiamos (1) las competencias de enseñanza en línea del profesorado antes de la pandemia; (2) el uso de Discord y técnicas pedagógicas; (3) los problemas detectados y (4) sus recomendaciones. Los resultados pueden ayudar a otros docentes a organizar la enseñanza en línea en contextos críticos con Discord como plataforma de enseñanza virtual.
Palabras clave: enseñanza en línea, aprendizaje, pandemia, COVID-19.
Do ensino remoto emergencial ao HyFlex:
Authors: Schlemmer Eliane , Moreira José António Marques 
Published: February 2022

O Ensino Remoto Emergencial, as Aulas Simultâneas e o Modelo HyFlex representam opções pedagógicas construídas durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Estas propostas situam-se ao nível da solução de problemas, cuja resolução emerge da atenção à vida pragmática, o que implica criatividade. Nesse movimento, um novo nível de atenção é necessário, uma atenção suplementar, o que contribui para a invenção de problemas e onde se potencia a Educação Híbrida e emerge a Educação OnLIFE. O objetivo deste artigo, de natureza eminentemente teórica, último da trilogia "Paradigma de Educação OnLIFE" é discutir as principais abordagens educacionais desenvolvidas em tempos de pandemia e a emersão de um paradigma educacional onde não exista distinção entre offline e online e onde as tecnologias digitais e as redes não sejam encaradas como ferramentas, mas como forças ambientais que afetam a nossa auto-conceção, as nossas interações e como ensinamos e aprendemos.
Asynchronous Remote Assessment for Cognitive Impairment: Reliability Verification of the Neurotrack Cognitive Battery
Authors: Myers Jennifer Rae , Glenn Jordan M , Madero Erica N , Anderson John , Mak-McCully Rachel , Gray Michelle , Gills Joshua L , Harrison John E 
Published: February 2022

Background
As evidenced by the further reduction in access to testing during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent, growing need for remote cognitive assessment for individuals with cognitive impairment. The Neurotrack Cognitive Battery (NCB), our response to this need, was evaluated for its temporal reliability and stability as part of ongoing validation testing.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the temporal reliability of the NCB tests (5 total) across a 1-week period and to determine the temporal stability of these measures across 3 consecutive administrations in a single day.

Methods
For test-retest reliability, a range of 29-66 cognitively healthy participants (ages 18-68 years) completed each cognitive assessment twice, 1 week apart. In a separate study, temporal stability was assessed using data collected from 31 different cognitively healthy participants at 3 consecutive timepoints in a single day.

Results
Correlations for the assessments were between 0.72 and 0.83, exceeding the standard acceptable threshold of 0.70 for temporal reliability. Intraclass correlations ranged from 0.60 to 0.84, indicating moderate to good temporal stability.

Conclusions
These results highlight the NCB as a brief, easy-to-administer, and reliable assessment for remote cognitive testing. Additional validation research is underway to determine the full magnitude of the clinical utility of the NCB.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN SISWA BERBASIS PENEMUAN TERBIMBING PADA MATERI STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI JARINGAN TUMBUHAN KELAS XI SMA.
Authors: Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Gardjito Gardjito , Budiarti Retni Sulistyoning 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Research and development are aimed at developing the student's Activity sheet-based discovery learning in the activity of learning the material tissue structure and function in plants grade XI high school. The development model used was ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subject of the test is 10 students of Class XI IPA InsanCendekia Islamic Senior High School Jambi. The data type on the data of the research was the qualitative and quantitative data. Research on data collection instrument a question form (questionnaire). Data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis using the rating scale choice response scale of four. The results of the development of products that have already developed validated by media expert with percentage 76,25% by category very well done one time revision and worksheets students deserve tested by appropriate revision suggestions. While the results of the validation material experts retrieved the percentage of 85% category 2 times with very good revision and worksheets students deserve tested by appropriate revision suggestions. Furthermore, the results of tests obtained by the percentage of the small group of 83.25% belong to the category of very good. Based on these results it can be concluded that the product of the student worksheet-based discovery of social interactions, developed very decent used in biology learning activities in schools or learning independently. Keyword: student’s activity sheet, discovery
Perancangan Sistem Akuaponik Menggunakan SCADA
Authors: Miranto Afit , Baqaruzi Syamsyarief , Mustaqim Amrina , Adnan Fikar Tsaqib 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak — Sistem akuaponik merupakan habitat buatan penggabungan yang saling mengguntungkan, penggabungan ini terbagi dua media yaitu sistem akuakultur dan sistem hidroponik. Dalam pengembangan konservasi khususnya tambahan teknologi yang membuatnya lebih cerdas, dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler yang di monitoring menggunakan Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) WinTr. Dimana dalam sistem akuaponik ini dapat mengendalikan dan memonitor media sekitar secara real time. Media yang dipakai dalam penelitian ialah budidaya ikan nila, sedangkan budidaya tanaman dengan memanfaatkan air sebagai media tanamnya dengan jenis sayuran kangkung. Selanjutnya Sensor yang berfungsi sebagai monitoring diantaranya sensor level air, level float switch, suhu air DS18B20, suhu udara, kelembapan dan komponen pendukung adalah RTC. Hasil perancangan membuat interface SCADA menampilkan berupa menu utama, ruangan kolam, ruangan filter, trending. Trending adalah berupa grafik data secara real time yang didapatkan dari sensor-sensor diterima oleh mikrokontroler. Hasil perancangan didapatkan untuk pH dalam budidaya akuaponik berkisar 7.29–7.35 sedangkan ikan nila didapatkan tumbuh pada suhu 26-31 °C,
The PCAOB Inspection Process: A Client-Level Analysis of a Large Firm's Experience
Authors: Christensen Brant E. , Newton Nathan J. , Wilkins Michael S. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARY
We use proprietary archival data to examine one annually inspected audit firm's experience with the PCAOB inspection process. We find that the firm's audits are primarily selected for inspection due to client characteristics, while deficiencies identified by inspectors are related to characteristics of both the client and the audit team. We also find that not all identified audit deficiencies are reported to the public. However, we find some evidence that only publicly disclosed deficiencies are associated with ex post measures of audit quality, suggesting that the PCAOB releases only the most relevant and material information to the public. Finally, we find that inspections affect the concurrent year's audit team staffing decisions and reduce the proportion of the audit that is completed during the interim period. Overall, our study provides important insights into the PCAOB inspection process while also developing and validating a model of inspection risk for future researchers.
Knowledge Sharing in Auditor-Provided Tax Services: Experiences of Audit and Tax Personnel
Authors: Hux Candice T. , Bedard Jean C. , Noga Tracy J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Research generally finds positive audit and tax outcomes associated with auditor-provided tax services (APTS), attributing knowledge sharing (KS) between tax and audit as the underlying cause but not observing it. This study contributes to the APTS literature by investigating experienced audit and tax professionals’ perspectives about when and how KS occurs. Results imply that KS occurs in two phases and is enhanced or inhibited by multiple factors related to knowledge relevance, motivation, opportunities, and culture. First, audit and tax personnel often share client information and their domain expertise while interacting during the audit, which enables identifying potentially valuable APTS. Second, further KS can occur during/following APTS performance, and APTS results may be shared back to benefit the audit. Our evidence shows that key factors may vary across phases, underscoring the importance of considering the full APTS process. Based on our findings, we suggest a number of future research opportunities.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang Muda (Areca catechu L) Meningkatkan Apoptosis pada Sel Testikular Mencit (Mus musculus L)
Authors: Sumarsono Sony Heru , Ayda T Yusuf Eka Pasana Pujowati Indra Wibowo 
Published: February 2022

Biji pinang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan antifertilitas dan diduga dapat menginduksi apoptosis sel-sel spermatogenik. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perubahan jaringan testikular mencit akibat pemberian ekstrak etanol biji pinang muda. Ekstrak etanol biji pinang muda disiapkan dengan maserasi, penjemuran, perendaman dan evaporasi hingga diperoleh serbuk ekstrak etanol yang kemudian dilarutkan dalam larutan Gum Arab 1% sesuai dosis. Mencit jantan galur Swiss Webster (umur8 minggu, berat 30-35 gram) dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan: (1) K = Kontrol, (2) KP = Kontrol pelarut (Gum Arab 1%), (3) P1 = Perlakukan 1 (dosis 300 mg/kg berat badan (bb)), (4) P2= Perlakuan 2 (dosis 500 mg/kg bb), dan (5) P3=Perlakuan 3 (dosis 700 mg/kg bb), diberikan secara oral (gavage) selama 17 hari. Mencit ditimbang sebelum perlakuan dan setelah perlakuan. Mencit dibunuh pada hari ke 18 dengan dislokasi leher, testis diisolasi, ditimbang dan difoto untuk mengetahui penambahan berat dan ukuran. Preparat histologi sayatan testis disiapkan dengan pewarnaan HE dan TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay untuk mengamati apoptosis. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan terjadi (1) penurunan berat relatif testis kelompok P3, (2) ukuran testis relatif lebih kecil pada kelompok perlakuan, (3) perbedaan struktur jaringan testis pada kelompok P2 dan P3, al: (a) jumlah tubulus seminiferus lebih sedikit, (b) diameter tubulus seminiferus lebih kecil, (c) jarak antar tubulus seminiferus lebih renggang, (d) penurunan jumlah sel testikular, dan (e) peningkatan jumlah sel yang mengalami apoptosis. Ekstrak etanol biji pinang menyebabkan peningkatan apoptosis dan memiliki potensi sebagai agen alami antifertilitas pria.
Hubungan Panjang Berat Dan Faktor Kondisi Relatif Lima Spesies Ikan di Sungai Suwi Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur
Authors: Nugroho Rudy Agung , Florentino Apri Pauci , Lariman Lariman , Aryani Retno , Rudianto Rudianto , Kusneti Monica 
Published: February 2022

The length-weight relationship of fish and the condition factor provides an overview of the fish growth conditions in the river. The purpose of this study was to determine the length-weight relationship and factor condition of five fish species in the Suwi River wetlands. The method of catching fish used gill nets, ceiling nets, fishing rods, traps, and other nets. The research was conducted for to months in the Suwi river wetlands. The results the length-weight relationship of five fish were varied, Ompok bimaculatus had b value 2,93, Helostoma temminckii (b value 2.15), Mystus nemurus (b value 2,62), and Channa) micropeltes (b 2.61) which indicated a negative allometric growth pattern. Meanwhile Leptobarbus hoevenii (b 3.12) was a positive allometric growth pattern. Negative allometric indicates growth in length faster than weight growth, thus the physical shape looks flattened, while positive allometric indicates growth in fish length slower than growth in fish weight. Based on the relative weight (Wr) of Ompok bimaculatus 101.28 ± 19.13, Helostoma temminckii 101.05 ± 15.51, Mystus nemurus 100.95 ± 14.84, Channa micropeltes 101.09 ± 14.14, Leptobarbus hoevenii 103.71 ± 34.57. Condition factor above 100, indicates sufficient food availability or low predator density
Efek pH Terhadap Pelepasan Fosfat Oleh Lumpur Aktif Dalam Kondisi Anaerob
Authors: Mangimbulude Jubhar Christian 
Published: February 2022

Phosphate removal in domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater is a key factor of prevent eutrophication. Mechanisms of biological phosphate removal occurs under both of anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Phosphate up take under aerobic condition is much determined by phosphate released under anaerobic condition. The objective of this research was to understand the effect of various of external pH on phosphate released by activated sludge under anaerobic conditions. For that purpose, the experiments were conducted in batch system under anaerobic condition at pH of 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 separetely. PO4, Acetate and MLVSS were measured and used as parameters to analyze process. The results shown that the highest of phosphate released and acetate consumed occurred at pH 9.0 and the lowest it was occurred at pH 6.0. The value of phosphate/acetate ratio was calculated to be in variation of 0.161 to 0.256 p-mol/C-mol in pH range of 6.0 to 9.0
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pendegradasi Katekin dari Seresah Pinus
Authors: Nurnawati Elisa , Sembiring Langkah 
Published: February 2022

Isolation of catechin-degrading fungus from pine litter samples was done using minimal medium that containing catechin as sole carbon and energy source. A total of 53 isolates were chosen to represent different colonial types of catechin degrading-fungus. The isolates were screened for their ability to degrade catechin in three stages. The first stage of screening was based on their ability to grow on solid medium containing 2 mM, and as a result, 28 isolates were selected. The second stage of screening on the same medium but containing 4 mM of catechin resulting in 14 selected isolates. The third stage screening was based on their mean growth rate constant (k), instantaneous growth rate constant (m) and generation time (g) on minimal medium containing 4 mM catechin. The result showed that four isolates (D9, K2, K11, and S11) were the best catechin degradator. Further growth kinetic study (k, m ,and g) of selected isolates indicated that D9, K2, and S11 grew well on the medium containing 40 mM, but K11 was inhibited by concentration of higher than 10 mM. Catechin biodegradation process was determined by following the decrease of catechin concentration on liquid medium. It was found that isolate K2 had higher ability to degrade catechin than the isolate K11. Finally, the four selected isolates from the third stage were characterized in terms of macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characters and identified. The result of the study showed that the isolates D9, K2 and S11 were identified as member of Aspergillus niger group. The isolate D9 was very similar to isolate S11, while the isolate K2 was found to be the most similar with Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. IFO 6341. The isolate K11 was assigned to be member of the genus Trichoderma.
Menguak Rahasia Kehidupan (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Lanni Fransiska 
Published: February 2022

Masih ingat dengan James D. Watson, Francis Crick dan Maurice Wilkins, trio ilmuan yang dianugerahkan hadiah Nobel untuk bidang Fisiologi dan Kedokteran tahun 1962? Penemuan mereka tentang struktur double helix DNA yang spektakular tersebut telah membuat revolusi besar dalam biologi molekular dan tidaklah berlebihan jika kemudian dijuluki sebagai “the father of DNA”. Memperingati setengah abad (50 tahun) publikasi pertama tentang double helix di Nature (1953), telah diluncurkan buku DNA:The Secret of Life.