bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bottom-up ‘Game of Lie’ cellular automaton evolution in SO(3) root space both nucleating, crystallizing and space-filling the complete atomic realm
Authors: Trell Erik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Re-examining Marius Sophus Lie’s Ph.D. thesis Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer from 1871 I found that its bearings on the “nature of Cartesian geometry” are that it “translates any geometric theorem into an algebraic one and thus…of the geometry of space a representation of the algebra of three variable quantities” with both the algebraic and “geometrical transformation…consisting of a transition from a point to a straight line as element…through a particularly remarkable transformation” in which “the Plücker line geometry can be transformed into a sphere geometry”, by its “straight lines of length equal to zero” partial derivative elements “turning…into the sphere’s rectilinear generatrices” both as “partial differential equations of the first order” and physical “geodetic curves” under the “general equation system f(x, y, z, dx, dy, dz) = 0” and its “spatial reciprocity” that “relative to the given line complex” in x, y, z “corresponds a certain curve-net” in the simultaneous “line element (dx, dy, dz)”. This is a revolutionary geometric algebra discovery of the constitution of our Universe as a stru ctural phase transition between Straight and Round, transcending Hermann Grassmann’s Ausdehnungslehre (1844/1862) and William Kingdom Clifford’s Space-theory of Matter (1876) by the infinitesimal transformations opening up spherical geometry in its real form identity state later assigned as SO(3). The continuous groups, whose vast field occupied the rest of his all too short life were not mentioned in the thesis but implied both in the term Classe (class) geometriske transformationer and the coverage of their principles in an “unlimited manifold of possible systems”; e.g. “turning rounded curves into rounded curves” and “straight lines into straight lines”, where “one can choose any space-curve which depends upon three parameters as the element of the geometry of the space”, and it “is possible to create a representation of an algebra that embraces an arbitrary number of variables.” Important examples were given, except of course of the still dormant elementary particles. Now, as the prime of matter’s appearance they step forth as the most natural to examine by the true Lie algebras in their original form. When over a long series of years I have scientifically carried out this, the result as here so far concluded is a concrete cellular automaton building kit of the Standard Model and all its features, and their mechanisms and dealings in a structural R3×SO(3) wave-packet organization, both inwards from the elementary particles and outwards via the periodic table of the atoms over the further hierarchical growth of this in molecular and crystal stages to an isotropic space-filling of the whole classical Euclidean Universe in harmonic exchange with its relativistic spherical moiety, and the dark mass and energy collectively worked out in the differential interstice between them.
Confirmation of the physic unification by the ether elasticity theory
Authors: Zareski David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We precise the concept of ether by proving that its points can only rotate elastically on themselves, the ether volumetric density remains then constant, and an ether wave is the propagation of elastic ether point rotations. We prove that: a particle is constituted by ether point rotations, i.e., when a particle moves, only elastic ether rotations change their emplacements, but not those of the ether points; a particle is generally constituted by a sum of monochromatic ether waves that becomes only one of them when it is confined to move around a nucleus; the changes in the ether created by a particle but out of it, is the field that it created; two ether waves associated each to an electron moving in opposite sense around the nuclei can form by interference a stationary wave of very small energy. An atom of which all the electron ether waves are coupled, is said “noble”. A single electron ether wave can also propagate around the nucleus without falling on the nucleus, this happens when this ether wave superpose itself adequately at each round, this case is an “oxidation”. We prove that there is a “strong gravitation” between two protons even in a repulsive electromagnetic field when they are sufficiently close one to the other, this is explained by the General Relativity and the ether concept. We present then the ether elasticity interpretation of the “chemical” reaction and of the “nuclear” reaction and prove that two very close protons are submitted to a very strong gravitation that overcome their electrical repulsion as for example: two H nuclei form a He nucleus, on the contrary to the fact that in heavy nuclei, there are protons that cannot get close and therefore are submitted to repulsive forces that can cause their disintegration.
A Simplified Approach to Breast Reduction Using the Medial Pedicle
Authors: Hunt Sarah C , Sun Yue , Azad Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast reduction is a common procedure for plastic surgery. The authors have adopted a modified technique using the medial pedicle, with markings using a 15-9-9 framework and a methodical step-wise approach.ObjectivesThis study introduces the 15-9-9 framework as a design for medial pedicle breast reductions that is easy to perform and teach, with favorable outcomes.MethodsMarkings using the 15-9-9 framework were used, describing the mosque dome and medial pedicle length and width. The technique was performed in day surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were followed up for 1 year, with photographs taken at each visit and complications recorded. A retrospective review of 80 patients between November 2013 and July 2019 was completed in a single-surgeon’s practice.ResultsPatients were an average of 49 years (18-72 years) with a BMI of 28 kg/m2 (23-32). The average planned postoperative sternal notch to areola distance was 22 cm (19-26 cm) and sternal notch to nipple distance was 24 cm (21-28 cm). The average duration of the surgical procedure was 3.4 hours. An average of 464 g (90-1210 g) was removed from each breast. Complication rates were low with minor fat necrosis (14%), T-junction breakdown (10%), hematoma (3.8%), dog ear formation (3.8%), junctional necrosis (2.5%), and partial nipple loss (1.3%). One patient had a cerebrovascular accident in the late postoperative period. Aesthetically pleasing results were achieved postoperatively.ConclusionsThis technique using the 15-9-9 framework is simple to learn, perform, and teach with overall aesthetically pleasing outcomes.Level of Evidence: 4
Negative and Positive Psychosocial Factors in Relation to Cognitive Health in Older African Americans
Authors: Wagner Maude , Guimond Anne-Josée , Kubzansky Laura D , Zhang Yingzhe , Bennett David A , Barnes Lisa L , Grodstein Francine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Identifying potential intervention strategies to reduce cognitive decline, particularly among older African Americans at high risk for Alzheimer’s dementia, is critical. This study aimed to investigate whether depressive symptoms, purpose in life, and their interrelations are associated with cognitive decline in older African Americans.

Research Design and Methods
We included older African Americans from the Minority Aging Research Study (n = 748) and Rush Memory and Aging Project (n = 109), without dementia at baseline. We assessed associations of depressive symptoms, purpose in life, and their interrelations, with baseline levels and change in global cognition using linear mixed-effects models.

Results
At baseline, each unit increment in depressive symptoms was related to worse initial global cognition (mean difference = −0.03 standard unit; p = .003), while higher purpose in life was related to better cognition (mean difference = 0.12; p = .002). Further, participants with ≥1 depressive symptom who had a purpose in life score above the median appeared to have better global cognition (mean difference = 0.10; p = .01), compared to those with depressive symptoms but lower levels of purpose in life. However, we did not find relations of depressive symptoms or purpose in life with rates of cognitive decline over time, likely due to the modest follow-up.

Discussion and Implications
In older African Americans, we found that lower depressive symptoms and greater purpose in life were independently related to higher initial levels of global cognition, but not cognitive decline. Preliminary findings of higher global cognition in individuals with depressive symptoms but greater purpose in life merit further investigation if purpose may eventually be considered as an intervention.
Medication-Related Fall (MRF) screening and scoring tool: consensus Delphi validation
Authors: Saeed D , Miller R , Darcy C , Miller K , Madden K , McKee H , Agnew J , Crawford P , Carter G , Parsons C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Falls are associated with negative health outcomes such as injury and mortality, as well as increased healthcare usage and costs. Risk factors for falls are multifactorial and include polypharmacy and the use of certain medications (1).

Aim
To develop and validate a medication-related fall (MRF) screening and scoring tool.

Methods
The MRF tool was developed from medication classes associated with falling in the Polypharmacy Guidance Realistic Prescribing 2018 (2), and additional medications identified and categorised by specialist and consultant pharmacists and physicians across a region of the United Kingdom. Medication classes were categorised as high-risk (three points), moderate-risk (two points) or low-risk (one point) in their ‘potential to cause falls’. The overall medication-related fall risk for the patient was determined by summing the scores for all medications. The MRF was validated using Delphi consensus methodology, whereby three iterative rounds of online surveys were conducted using SurveyMonkey®. Delphi panel experts were defined as individuals with recognised expertise in geriatric medicine and pharmacotherapy in older people. Twenty-two experts determined their agreement with the falls risk associated with each medication on a 5-point Likert scale with accompanying written feedback. Only medications with at least 75% of respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing were retained in the next round. Following the first validation round, any proposed criteria that did not meet retention requirements were removed. The second and third rounds of the survey were created based on the panel comments from the previous round.

Results
Consensus was reached for 19 medications/medication classes to be included in the final version of the MRF tool (table) and to reject eight medications/medication classes. Consensus was not reached regarding eight medications and they were not included in the final version of the tool.

Conclusion
The MRF tool is simple and feasible to use in healthcare settings to evaluate and optimise medications as a standalone screening instrument or as part of a multidisciplinary intervention to reduce fall risk and negative fall-related outcomes. The score from the MRF tool has potential for use as a clinical parameter to evaluate prescribing appropriateness.

References
(1) Public Health England (2020) Falls: applying All Our Health. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health Guidance Falls: applying All Our Health. (Accessed: 4th April 2020)
(2) Scottish Government Polypharmacy Model of Care Group (2018). Polypharmacy Guidance, Realistic Prescribing. 3rd Edition.
Assessing the impact on workflow of placing a pharmacy team in an emergency department
Authors: Sinclair A G , Mitchell A , Bhagwanji S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The ED in our tertiary referral Hospital was working at capacity and invited pharmacy to send a team for a period to assess the impact they might have on workflow and doctor time, by carrying out detailed (level 2) medicine reconciliations and resolving medicine related issues at the outset.

Aim
To assess the impact that allocating an experienced pharmacist (Independent prescriber) together with a pharmacy technician might have on workflow and patient safety in ED.

Methods
The pharmacy team were directed to managing patients’ medicines carrying out the more comprehensive level 2 (1) medicines reconciliation (MR). This is a more thorough level of MR than that usually carried out on admission by a doctor (Level 1 MR). The time taken to conduct each MR was recorded. Interventions made were categorised by the clinical pharmacist using the MERP index. Five doctors were surveyed and asked how long they usually took to conduct a level 1 MR.

Results
132 MRs were carried out over 5 days. The pharmacist conducted 65 MRs mean time per MR 13.8 minutes SD 6.84 CI 90% (+/- 0.11) and the technician conducted 67 MRs mean time 23.73 minutes SD 11.07 CI 90% (+/- 0.17). The doctor group took 15 minutes (estimated) to conduct a level 1 MR SD 34.85 CI 90% (+/- 0.81). 1013 interventions were made, 15 were judged to be significant in terms of harm or potential harm and a further 128 related to non-prescribing of critical items (see table). A 90% Confidence interval was used reflecting the significant variance in time that a medicine reconciliation can take.

Conclusion
This project had limitations; it was brief, and the number of doctors surveyed few. However, it was adjudged to be a success in terms of doctor time saved (33 hours) and patient safety identifying 14 harm or potential harm occurrences and 128 critical medicines omissions at the outset of the patient journey. Following the project, the trust recognised the impact the team had and has subsequently funded an ED pharmacy team.

References
(1) Improving the Quality of Meds Reconciliation: A Best Practice Resource and Toolkit: V1.1 June 17 Specialist Pharmacy Service. Accessed Oct 2021 Medicines_Reconciliation_Best_Practice_Standards_Toolkit_Vs1.1_June-15-links-updated-Aug-17.pdf (sps.nhs.uk)
(2) Types of Medication Errors | NCC MERP, accessed 7/10/2021. https://www.nccmerp.org/types-medication-errors
Effect of maternal dietary starch-to-fat ratio and daily energy intake during late pregnancy on the performance and lipid metabolism of primiparous sows and newborn piglets
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Wang Zijie , Ming Dongxu , Huang Caiyun , Xu Song , Li Zhe , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Hu , Zeng Xiangfang , Wang Fenglai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary energy intake and starch-to-fat ratio during late gestation on the performance and lipid metabolism of sows and their offspring. On day 84 of gestation, 80 Landrace × Yorkshire primiparous sows were assigned to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements according to body weight following a randomized complete block design. The factors were daily energy intake (8,375 kcal ME/d [CE] vs. 9,600 kcal ME/d [HE]) and dietary starch-to-fat ratio (10:1 [CR] vs. 15:1 [HR]). All sows were fed one of four diets from day 85 of gestation until farrowing. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure in SPSS. High energy intake increased the body weight of sows on day 110 of gestation (P = 0.031) as well as the weight of piglets at birth (P = 0.018). Increased energy intake elevated the plasma triglyceride concentrations in sows (P = 0.027) and piglets (P = 0.044). Maternal high energy intake altered the liver metabolome of newborn piglets in terms of metabolites related to carbohydrate and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, maternal high energy intake increased hepatic total cholesterol (P = 0.023) and triglyceride (P = 0.026) concentration in newborn piglets. Furthermore, maternal high energy intake significantly increased the transcript abundance of fatty acid synthase (FAS; P = 0.001) and protein abundance of phosphorylated protein kinase B (P =0.001) in the liver of newborn piglets. A high starch-to-fat ratio reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in the plasma of sows (P = 0.044) and newborn piglets (P = 0.048) as well as in the liver of newborn piglets (P = 0.015). Furthermore, maternal high starch-to-fat ratio increased the transcript abundances of FAS (P = 0.004) in newborn piglets. In conclusion, high daily energy intake of sows increased the birth weight of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high daily energy intake and high dietary starch-to-fat ratio improved the lipid metabolism of newborn piglets.
Evolution of the long-period pulsar GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3
Authors: Gençali A A , Ertan Ü , Alpar M A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The long-period (P = 1091 s) of the recently discovered pulsar GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3 can be attained by neutron stars evolving with fallback discs and magnetic dipole moments of a few 1030 G  cm3 at ages greater than ∼2 × 105 yr consistently with the observational upper limits to the period derivative, $\dot{P}$, and the X-ray luminosity, LX, of the source. The current upper limits for $\dot{P}$ allow two alternative present states: (1) The disc is still active with ongoing accretion at a low rate such that the accretion luminosity is much less than the neutron star’s cooling luminosity, which in turn is below the upper limit for LX. In this scenario, the spin-down will continue at $\dot{P}\sim 10^{-10}$ s s−1 until the disc becomes inactive; the final period will be P ∼ a few 103 s. (2) The disc is already inactive, there is no accretion. In this case, the period evolution has levelled off to the observed value in the final period range. The remaining, very weak, dipole torque sustains asymptotic spin-down at $\dot{P}\sim 4 \times 10^{-18}$ s s−1. Long periods P ∼ a few 103 s were predicted for the final states of soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars with relatively strong dipole fields in earlier work with the fallback disc model.
Local Government
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Oliveira Vanessa Elias de 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the 1970s, local governments all over the world began to undergo a far-reaching decentralization process. Lately, however, that process has begun to reverse and there is a recentralization movement in both federated and non-federated countries in and out of the Americas. This chapter considers local government in Latin American democracies. It starts with a discussion of two-way decentralization and recentralization movements. Then follows an analysis of how they have affected and reconfigured local autonomy in some countries in the region, namely, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia. Finally, it discusses the cases as a set endeavouring to identify similarities and differences in regard to the role of local governments in municipal public policy production and the inter-governmental relations that process leads to.
Right to Information and Transparency
Authors: Ugarte Ramiro Álvarez 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter first describes the legal history of the right to information—its theoretical basis and the historical context in which it appeared as a goal of a social movement. It argues that the right to information in Latin America presents a case of legal transplant, inspired by regulations abroad which were carried beyond the national borders by well-funded activists and organizations. It then discusses how the main path through which this transplant occurred was the Organization of American States, a place where formal and informal processes of legal consolidation take place in Latin America. It describes the general principles adopted at this regional level as a result of some sort of jurisprudential dialogue between different jurisdictions. Finally, the chapter maps new trends in the freedom of information movement landscape, the challenges it still faces, and the weaknesses which limit it as a path towards democratic accountability.
Constrained Functional Connectivity Dynamics in Pediatric Surgical Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Authors: Puglia Michael P. , Vlisides Phillip E. , Kaplan Chelsea M. , Jewell Elizabeth S. , Therrian Megan , Mashour George A. , Li Duan 
Published: April 2022

Background
Functional connectivity in cortical networks is thought to be important for consciousness and can be disrupted during the anesthetized state. Recent work in adults has revealed dynamic connectivity patterns during stable general anesthesia, but whether similar connectivity state transitions occur in the developing brain remains undetermined. The hypothesis was that anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is associated with disruption of functional connectivity in the developing brain and that, as in adults, there are dynamic shifts in connectivity patterns during the stable maintenance phase of general anesthesia.

Methods
This was a preplanned analysis of a previously reported single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study of healthy (American Society of Anesthesiologists status I or II) children aged 8 to 16 yr undergoing surgery with general anesthesia (n = 50) at Michigan Medicine. Whole-scalp (16-channel), wireless electroencephalographic data were collected from the preoperative period through the recovery of consciousness. Functional connectivity was measured using a weighted phase lag index, and discrete connectivity states were classified using cluster analysis.

Results
Changes in functional connectivity were associated with anesthetic state transitions across multiple regions and frequency bands. An increase in prefrontal–frontal alpha (median [25th, 75th]; baseline, 0.070 [0.049, 0.101] vs. maintenance 0.474 [0.286, 0.606]; P < 0.001) and theta connectivity (0.038 [0.029, 0.048] vs. 0.399 [0.254, 0.488]; P < 0.001), and decrease in parietal–occipital alpha connectivity (0.171 [0.145, 0.243] vs. 0.089 [0.055, 0.132]; P < 0.001) were among those with the greatest effect size. Contrary to the hypothesis, connectivity patterns during the maintenance phase of general anesthesia were dominated by stable theta and alpha prefrontal–frontal and alpha frontal–parietal connectivity and exhibited high between-cluster similarity (r = 0.75 to 0.87).

Conclusions
Changes in functional connectivity are associated with anesthetic state transitions but, unlike in adults, connectivity patterns are constrained during general anesthesia in late childhood and early adolescence.

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