bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ultra‐Broadband High Efficiency Polarization Beam Splitter for High Spectral Resolution Polarimetric Imaging in the Near Infrared
Authors: Hsiao Hui‐Hsin , Muller Richard E. , McGuire James P. , Nemchick Deacon J. , Shen Chin‐Hung , Harten Gerard van , Rud Mayer , Johnson William R. , Nordman Austin D. , Wu Yen‐Hung , Wilson Daniel W. , Chiou Yih‐Peng , Choi Myungje , Hyon Jason J. , Fu Dejian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA broadband, high efficiency polarized beam splitter (PBS) metagrating based on integrated resonant units (IRUs) to enable simultaneous polarization analysis, spectral dispersion, and spatial imaging in the near infrared (NIR) is developed. A PBS metagrating with a diameter of 60 mm is the key technology component of the high‐resolution multiple‐species atmospheric profiler in the NIR (HiMAP‐NIR), which is a spaceborne instrument concept crafted to be a core payload of NASA's new generation Earth System Observatory. HiMAP‐NIR will enable the aerosol profiling in Earth's planetary boundary layer (from surface to2 km altitude) by simultaneously measuring four spatial‐spectral‐polarimetric images from 680 to 780 nm. Through detailed optimization of hybridized resonant modes in IRUs, the PBS metagrating shows a diffraction efficiency of 70% (or better) for all four linear‐polarized incident light, and polarization contrasts between orthogonal states are 0.996 (or better) from 680 to 780 nm. It meets the stringent performance required by the HiMAP‐NIR exploiting a new paradigm for the broad applications of metasurfaces.
Predicting maize leaf area index by partial least square combined with wavelet transform
Authors: Wang Zhonglin , Chen Junxu , Raza Muhammad Ali , Zhang Jiawei , Tan Xianming , Saeed Amjad , Ma Jun , Yang Feng , Yang Wenyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe leaf area index (LAI) is crucial for assessing and monitoring maize (Zea mays L.) vegetation status and photosynthetic ability. Predicting maize LAI by hyperspectral remote sensing technology is significant for managing agricultural production. In this study, three N rates (0, 120, and 240 kg N ha−1) and four drought stress treatments (60–70%, 45–55%, 30–40%, and 15–25% of field capacity), were imposed to provide the different environments for maize. The canopy spectral reflectance and LAI of maize were measured at the V6 and V12 stages. In this study, the main objectives were to investigate the performance of a new statistical method for monitoring LAI from canopy spectral reflectance. We used the canopy spectral reflectance to estimate the LAI and compared several methods of spectral analysis, including vegetation indices, wavelet functions, and the combination of continuous wavelet transform (CWT)–uninformative variable elimination (UVE)–partial least squares (PLS) (i.e., CWT–UVE–PLS), for spectral reflectance data analysis and model construction of maize LAI. Results showed that the model using the combination of db3–UVE–PLS achieved the best performance (with the highest coefficient of determination [R2] and lowest RMSE for the calibration [R2 = .979, RMSEC = .172] and validation [R2 = .861, RMSEP = .533] datasets, respectively) in estimating the maize LAI. The CWT–UVE–PLS exhibited a considerable advantage in avoiding redundant or noise information interaction and achieving excellent correlations with maize LAI.
Clinical and molecular features of patients with COL1‐related disorders: Implications for the wider spectrum and the risk of vascular complications
Authors: Takeda Ryojun , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Hayashi Shujiro , Sano Shinichirou , Kawame Hiroshi , Kanki Sachiko , Taketani Takeshi , Yoshimura Hidekane , Nakamura Yukio , Kosho Tomoki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAbnormalities in type I procollagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) are responsible for hereditary connective tissue disorders including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), specific types of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS), and COL1‐related overlapping disorder (C1ROD). C1ROD is a recently proposed disorder characterized by predominant EDS symptoms of joint and skin laxity and mild OI symptoms of bone fragility and blue sclera. Patients with C1ROD do not carry specific variants for COL1‐related EDS, including classical, vascular, cardiac‐valvular, and arthrochalasia types. We describe clinical and molecular findings of 23 Japanese patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of COL1A1 or COL1A2, who had either OI‐like or EDS‐like phenotypes. The final diagnoses were OI in 17 patients, classical EDS in one, and C1ROD in five. The OI group predominantly experienced recurrent bone fractures, and the EDS group primarily showed joint hypermobility and skin hyperextensibility, though various clinical and molecular overlaps between OI, COL1‐related EDS, and C1ROD as well as intrafamilial phenotypic variabilities were present. Notably, life‐threatening vascular complications (vascular dissections, arterial aneurysms, subarachnoidal hemorrhages) occurred in seven patients (41% of those aged >20 years) with OI or C1ROD. Careful lifelong surveillance and intervention regarding bone and vascular fragility could be required.
Facile preparation of anisotropic PLA/CNT nanocomposites by hot and cold rolling processes for improving mechanical and conductive properties
Authors: Huang An , Song Xincheng , Liu Fan , Wang Haokun , Geng Lihong , Chen Binyi , Peng Xiangfang , Wang Zhen , Tian Genlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most important biodegradable polymers, however, brittleness severely limits its applications. Thus, strengthening and toughening PLA is a cutting‐edge research for both academia and industry. In this study, rolling process was applied to simultaneously improve the toughness and strength of PLA and its nanocomposites by regulating microstructure of PLA molecular chains. Results showed that crystallinity and orientation of rolled PLA and its nanocomposites were significantly improved. When rolling rate was 50% at 75°C, elongation at break increased from unrolled PLA of 5.9% to 190.1%. When the rolling rate was 50% at room temperature, tensile strength and Young's modulus increased from unrolled PLA of 59.4 and 1763.7 MPa to 70.4 and 2557.6 MPa, respectively. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in PLA/3 wt.%CNT nanocomposite rolled at 75°C for 50% were highly oriented, leading to a significant reduction in resistivity along the rolling direction, which endows it many great potential applications, such as sensor, electromagnetic wave absorption, and electronic packaging.
UiO‐66‐NH2 particle size effects on gas separation performance of cellulose acetate composite membranes
Authors: Hu Zhirong , Miu Jiayu , Zhang Xiong‐Fei , Jia Mingmin , Yao Jianfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUiO‐66‐NH2 (Zr‐based metal organic framework) is integrated into cellulose acetate (CA) to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) through solvent‐casting approach. To regulate the interfacial compatibility and suppress the non‐selective voids, UiO‐66‐NH2 with different particle sizes are investigated. The introduction of UiO‐66‐NH2 provides additional pathways for gas molecules and renders the membrane with high CO2 affinity, substantially augmenting the separation efficiency of UiO‐66‐NH2@CA composite membrane. By optimizing the particle size of UiO‐66‐NH2, the non‐selective voids and the particle agglomeration can be effectively restricted. The optimum separation performance is obtained by U‐100@CA membrane (UiO‐66‐NH2: 200 nm in size), exhibiting a CO2 permeability of 168.8 Barrer with CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivities of 40.2 and 51.3, respectively. The separation mechanism is ascribed to the presence of sufficient amine groups, the high CO2 solubility of CA matrix, and superior inorganic–organic interfacial property.
Development of semi‐quantitative urinary sodium test strip
Authors: Lai Jiong Soon , Tan Chung Keat , Yusoff Khalid , Cheah Shiau‐Chuen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExcessive salt consumption has been associated with greater risk of hypertension. Therefore, monitoring of dietary sodium consumption should be prioritized. As sodium is mainly excreted through urine, 24‐h urine sample can be used to estimate individual sodium intake. Thus, a simple and inexpensive semi‐quantitative urinary sodium detection test strip was developed based on the enzymatic reaction between β‐galactosidase and chlorophenol red‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside. When tested, color formation was distinguished at 0 M (chartreuse yellow), 0.05 M (sunflower), 0.1–0.15 M (mango tango), and 0.2–0.25 M (persimmon) sodium. Analysis from ImageJ showed a linear result (r2 > 0.9), low SD, and significant increase in magenta difference (p < 0.01) between 0 and 0.05–0.25 M sodium. Test strip can detect 0.03 M sodium at minimum but did not last for >2 days in adverse storage conditions (laboratory conditions, ∼80% relative humidity, 40°C, and direct light exposure) when stored in test strip bottles, and even shorter when exposed to the environment. The presence of urinary potassium, urea, and glucose did not affect test strip performance. Test strip produced comparable results to flame photometry with <15% variation when tested on overnight, random spot, and 24‐h urine samples. Overall, the developed test strip can be used to enzymatically semi‐quantify 0.05–0.25 M sodium.
Complex analysis of combustion and emission parameters of bio‐renewable fuel mixtures in dual‐fuel mode
Authors: Puškár Michal , Živčák Jozef , Tarbajovský Pavol 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDual‐fuel mode internal combustion engines need perfect conditions to ignite the mixture of air and fuel without the use of a spark plug. A perfect mixture of fuel and air is essential for the most effective ignition, and this is a technical challenge. Ignition systems have been developed for use in internal combustion engines. Structural aspects of advanced combustion technology engines like compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation rate, fuel ratio, and piston bowl geometry can influence heat regulation during the combustion process, increase the load range of the engine and reduce the formation of NOx, soot, and other emissions formed during the combustion process. This article shows how such an engine could be constructed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mementos and the endowment effect
Authors: Chu Charlene K. , Shu Suzanne B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research provides evidence for a new moderator of the endowment effect: having a memento of the endowed object. Three studies adapting classic endowment effect paradigms and using a variety of endowment objects and mementos demonstrate that having a memento of an endowment increases willingness to trade the endowment and decreases selling prices for the endowment. We provide evidence that mementos attenuate the endowment effect regardless of whether the memento is a separate small gain when facing the loss of the endowment or a small part of the original endowment that is kept. Examining mementos in context of the endowment effect not only provides insight into the psychology underlying the reluctance to part with one's endowment but also other consumer disposition behaviors.
A health(y) subject? Examining discourses of health in physical education curricula across the UK
Authors: Gray Shirley , Hooper Oliver , Hardley Stephanie , Sandford Rachel , Aldous David , Stirrup Julie , Carse Nicola , Bryant Anna S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present the findings from our critical analysis of the health discourses evident with physical education (PE) curricula in each UK home nation—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. We carried out a critical discourse analysis of those curriculum documents that talk directly to PE teachers about how to organise, enact and assess PE curricula in schools. The results from our analysis uncovered that, with the exception of the curriculum in England, all PE curricula conceptualise health and wellbeing holistically. However, our analysis also uncovered complex health landscapes within curricula, where discourses move from notions of supporting and enabling pupil health and wellbeing towards a more concrete (and measurable) concept of health‐related learning, often associated with public health goals of promoting physical activity. Furthermore, although the public health discourses are presented in a way that suggests that young people will develop knowledge and skills to support their health, closer scrutiny reveals that they may be more associated with discourses of risk, promoting ‘healthy’ behaviours to avoid ‘ill health’. We conclude by suggesting that PE teachers need to develop a critical understanding of the health discourses within their PE curriculum. This will help them to navigate, interpret and enact curricula in an informed way, enabling them to challenge discourses that are deficit in nature, where pupils are taught how to be healthy, rather than having the freedom to learn about themselves and their health.
Holin‐assisted bacterial recombinant protein export
Authors: Guo Tingting , Cui Yue , Zhang Lingwen , Xu Xiaoning , Xu Zhenxiang , Kong Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA simple generic method for enhancing extracellular protein yields in engineered bacteria is still lacking. Here, we demonstrated that phage‐encoded holin can be used to export proteins to the extracellular medium in both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and ‐positive Lactococcus lactis. When a putative holin gene LLNZ_RS10380 annotated in the genome of L. lactis NZ9000 (hol380) was recombinantly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), the Hol380 oligomerized up to hexamer in the cytoplasmic membrane, yielding membrane pore to allow the passage of cytosolic β‐galatosidase (116 kDa), whose extracellular production reached 54.59 U/μl, accounting for 76.37% of the total activity. However, the overexpressed Hol380 could not release cytosolic proteins across the membrane in L. lactis NZ9000, but increased the secretory production of staphylococcal nuclease to 2.55‐fold and fimbrial adhesin FaeG to 2.40‐fold compared with those guided by signal peptide Usp45 alone. By using a combination of proteomics and transcriptional level analysis, we found that overexpression of the Hol380 raised the accumulation of Ffh and YidC involved in the signal recognition particle pathway in L. lactis, suggesting an alternative road participating in protein secretion. This study proposed a new approach by expressing holin in bacterial cell factories to export target proteins of economic or medical interest.
Prediction scores of postoperative liver metastasis and long‐term survival of pancreatic head cancer based on the distance between the mesenteric vessels and tumor, preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 level, and lymph node metastasis rate
Authors: Jiang Dan , Fan Xiaona , Li Pengfei , Zhou Yang , Chen Kaige , Li Hengzhen , Liu Jinshuang , Zhang Wenjing , Dai Yisheng , Sun Ning , Li Zhiwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe shortest distance between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and the tumor margin was combined with preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 and lymph node ratio (LNR) to evaluate joint effects on long‐term survival and liver metastasis in patients with pancreatic head cancer after radical surgery.MethodsThis retrospective study included 149 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer at Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital from May 2011 to March 2021. The preoperative serum CA 19‐9 level and LNR were combined with the SMA or SMV distance. The joint association between long‐term survival and postoperative liver metastasis was evaluated.ResultsBased on the receiver operating characteristic curve of postoperative liver metastasis or long‐term survival, the optimal cut‐off values of SMV distance were 3.1 and 0.7 mm, respectively, whereas the optimal cut‐off value of SMA distance was 10.25 mm. The univariate model identified the liver metastasis score (p < 0.001) as a negative factor for postoperative liver metastasis of pancreatic head carcinoma. The SMV distance (p = 0.003), SMA distance (p < 0.001), LNR score (p < 0.001), and survival score (p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with long‐term survival after pancreatic head cancer. The multivariate model highlighted SMA distance (p < 0.001), survival score (p = 0.001), and LNR score (p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for long‐term survival in pancreatic head cancer.ConclusionLiver metastasis score may be an independent predictor of postoperative liver metastasis in patients with pancreatic head cancer. Survival and LNR scores may be independent predictors of long‐term postoperative survival in patients with pancreatic head cancer. However, the LNR score appears to improve long‐term survival.
Clinicopathological, molecular and prognostic characteristics of cancer of unknown primary in China: An analysis of 1420 cases
Authors: Qi Peng , Sun Yifeng , Liu Xin , Wu Sheng , Wo Yixin , Xu Qinghua , Wang Qifeng , Hu Xichun , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer of unknown primary (CUP) is defined the presence of metastatic disease without an identified primary site. An unidentifiable primary site of cancer creates significant challenges for treatment selection. We aimed to describe the clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic characteristics of Chinese CUP patients.MethodsPatients with oncologist‐confirmed CUP were identified at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2019 to 2020. Information on patient characteristics, tumor presentation, treatment, and outcome were retrospectively collected from the inpatient database and pathological consultation database for descriptive analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was established to identify factors associated with patient prognosis.ResultsA total of 1420 CUP patients were enrolled in this study. The baseline characteristics of the entire cohort included the following: median age (59 years old), female sex (45.8%), adenocarcinoma (47.7%), and poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors (92.1%). For the inpatient cohort, the most common sites where cancer spread included the lymph nodes (41.8%), bone (22.0%), liver (20.1%), and peritoneum/retroperitoneum (16.0%). A total of 77.4% and 58.2% of patients were treated with local therapy and systemic therapy, respectively. Four prognostic factors, including liver metastasis, peritoneal/retroperitoneal metastasis, number of metastatic sites (N ≥ 2), and systemic treatment, were independently associated with overall survival. Additionally, 24.8% (79/318) of patients received molecular testing, including PD‐L1, human papillomavirus, genetic variation, and 90‐gene expression tests for diagnosis or therapy selection.ConclusionCancer of unknown primary remains a difficult cancer to diagnose and manage. Our findings improve our understanding of Chinese CUP patient characteristics, leading to improved care and outcomes for CUP patients.
Detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 after curative‐intent treatment as a prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer recurrence
Authors: Pedersen Susanne K. , Symonds Erin L. , Roy Amitesh C. , Cornthwaite Kathryn J. , LaPointe Lawrence C. , Young Graeme P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of recurrence after completion of curative‐intent treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is hard to predict. Post‐treatment assaying for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an encouraging approach for stratifying patients for therapy, but the prognostic value of this approach is less explored. This study aimed to determine if detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 following completion of initial treatment identified patients with a poorer recurrence‐free survival (RFS).Methods142 CRC stage I‐III cases with at least 2 years of follow up (unless recurrence was evident sooner) and a methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 test result between 2 weeks and 12 months after completion of initial treatment were eligible for study inclusion. The association between BCAT1/IKZF1 and RFS was assessed by the log‐rank (Mantel‐Cox) method. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used for multivariable survival analysis.ResultsThirty‐three (23.2%) had recurrence at a median 1.6y (interquartile range: 0.8–2.4). Methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 was detected in 19 of the 142 patients (13.4%) and was associated with a significant risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 5.7, 95%CI: 1.9–17.3, p = 0.002). Three‐year RFS for patients with or without detectable methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 was 56.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that detection of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 (HR = 2.6, p = 0.049) and site of the primary tumor (HR = 4.2, p = 0.002) were the only significant prognostic indicators of poor RFS.ConclusionsBCAT1/IKZF1 methylation testing after curative‐intent treatment is an independent prognostic indicator for RFS and identifies a subgroup at high risk. Personalized surveillance is warranted for patients with these ctDNA biomarkers detectable after curative‐intent treatment.
Patterns and prognosis of regional recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Xiao Xiao‐Tang , Wu Yi‐Shan , Chen Yu‐Pei , Liu Xu , Guo Rui , Tang Ling‐Long , Ma Jun , Li Wen‐Fei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the patterns of lymph node (LN) failure and prognosis in patients with regional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) alone after primary intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).MethodsA total of 175 patients who were treated with IMRT between 2010 and 2015 and who experienced regional recurrence alone were included. Recurrent LNs were re‐located in the initial pretreatment imaging and IMRT plan and failures were classified as in‐field or out‐field based on target volume delineation. All patients underwent curative salvage treatment. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were selected by multivariate Cox analysis.ResultsLevel IIb (49.1%, 86/175) was the most frequent recurrence site, followed by level IIa (36%), level III (18.9%), level IVa (12%), the retropharyngeal region (8%), level Va (6.9%), and the parotid region (6.9%). A total of 264 recurrent LNs were recorded: 149 (56.4%) were classified as in‐field failure with a prescribed dose ≥66 Gy, 60 (22.7%) with 60 to <66 Gy, 32 (12.1%) with 50 to <60 Gy, and 23 (8.7%) as an out‐field failure, which mainly occurred in the parotid region and level Ib. After a median follow‐up of 52.8 months, the estimated 5‐year OS rate was 66.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that age, plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA level, extranodal extension, lower neck involvement, and parotid LN recurrence were independent prognostic factors of OS.ConclusionsIn‐field failure represented the main pattern of regional recurrence and out‐field failure mainly occurred in the parotid gland and level Ib. Patients with regional rNPC alone had a good prognosis after salvage treatment.