bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of WHO’s Treat All guideline on disease progression among people enrolled in HIV care in Central Africa: an observational cohort data by target trial design with multistate modeling
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Zhang Hongbin , Brazier Ellen , Tymejczyk Olga , Yotebieng Marcel , Kimmel April D. , Anastos Kathryn , Ross Jonathan , Hoover Donald R , Shi Qiuhu , Murenzi Gad , Nsonde Dominique , Dzudie Anastase , Lelo Patricia , Twizere Christella , Nash Denis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWHO’s Treat All guidelines, which eliminate eligibility thresholds for people living with HIV to receive antiretroviral therapy, have been implemented by most countries. However, the impact of Treat All on the process of HIV disease progression is unknown. We conducted a target trial to emulate a hypothetical RCT to evaluate the policy’s impact on HIV disease progression among people living with HIV. We included people enrolled in HIV care during 2013-2019 from the Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS. Multistate models inferred the transitional hazards of disease progression across the four WHO clinical stages (1: asymptomatic; 2: mild; 3: advanced; 4: severe) and death. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) between a cohort enrolling in HIV care after (n=4,607) and a cohort enrolling before (n=4,439) Treat All guideline implementation, with and without covariates adjustment. Treat All implementation was associated with decreased hazards of transition in most stage categories, with significant results from stage 1 to stage 2 (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.64, 95% CI 0.44-0.94) and from stage 1 to death (0.37, 0.17-0.81), and non-significant but low HR results from stage 2 to 3 (0.71, 0.50-1.01), from stage 2 to death (0.58, 0.18-1.80). Treat All implementation substantially reduced HIV disease progression.Main Point SummaryWe compared the HIV disease progression outcome between a pri- and post-Treat All periods, utilizing individual service delivery data from Central Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS. We concluded that Treat All implementation substantially reduced HIV disease progression.
Competitive analysis: a determinant in Freshood Express Store expansion strategy
Authors: Makumbe William , Tsikira Cuthbert 
Published: September 2022

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this study are as follows: 1) identifying challenges confronting small businesses in emerging markets using the SWOT framework; 2) the application of the Porter’s five forces model in analysing industry dynamics for small businesses; and 3) evaluating business expansion decisions using the force field analysis framework.

Case overview/synopsis
Freshood Express Store was a convenience store owned and managed by Mr Cuthbert Tsikira. Freshood Express Store operated grocery convenience stores in partnership with a government-owned fuel retailer in Zimbabwe. It operated two grocery convenience stores in Harare and Bindura. Its business environment was a complex and highly competitive industry with large retailers such as OK supermarkets and TM-Pick n Pay. These large retailers enjoyed massive discounts from powerful suppliers, which enabled them to charge low prices in the market. However, Freshood Express Store, as a small business, sourced their stock from the same suppliers on a cash basis. The playing field was thus uneven. In early 2021, Freshood Express Store was offered two sites to open new establishments. These two sites were more than 200 km out of Harare, the major supplier hub for Freshood Express. In addition, large retailers had existing operations in the two proposed sites, thus adding serious competition. The dilemma confronting Mr Tsikira was as follows: Could he direct limited resources to existing establishments or new markets? He wanted a sound business analysis of the attractiveness of the proposed two markets before making a management decision to invest resources. The case focuses on the need to perform industry analysis before making strategic decisions. The use of the Porter’s five forces model and the force field analysis model to validate decisions after an industry analysis is the high point of the case.

Complexity academic level
This case study can be used to teach the environmental analysis topic in emerging markets in the small business management course.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Godrej commercial network contingency planning: in context COVID
Authors: Sharma Aasha Jayant , Samant Swapnil 
Published: September 2022

Learning outcomes
This study aims to introduce students to uncontrolled and unprecedented business scenarios and strategies to deal with them, to make students understand the importance of contingency planning and create what-if scenarios, to step by step guide students how to build a network contingency planning tool and to enable students to use tools such as solver to build up a dashboard with given information.

Case overview/synopsis
The case is about Godrej Commercial, a vertical of Godrej and Boyce that handles warehousing and transportation support to five verticals under the banner of Godrej operating pan India. How Godrej is trying to deal with COVID pandemic, what were their coping strategies and how contingency planning is done is what this case is all about. The main focus of this case is understanding how network contingency planning is done and what parameters should be considered. How a dashboard can be developed that can be used as a base for taking strategic decisions related to networking given the uncertainties due to COVID. The case gives hands on to students to use solver and build a dash board, plus gives a peep into Godrej and its operations.

Complexity academic level
This study is suitable for students of undergraduate or first year MBA level. Specifically, the case can be used in business strategies, operations and supply chain management courses.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.
Asymmetric determinants of Bitcoin's wild price movements
Authors: Benlagha Noureddine , Hemrit Wael 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe present work endeavors to explore the potential nonlinear and asymmetric effects of supply fundamental properties of Bitcoin mining process (velocity, size and stock of Bitcoins, cost of production and mining revenue), DJIA, VIX, economic policy uncertainty and Google Trend on the price of Bitcoin (PB).Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed lag (NARDL) approach for the period from November 31, 2013 to December 30, 2020.FindingsThe asymmetric effects of inflation, the size of Bitcoin economy, reveal a positive impact on the PB in the short and long run. In the short run, Bitcoin price shows negative statistically significant sensitivity to positive (negative) changes in DJIA (VIX) index. In addition, Google Trends have an impact on Bitcoin prices indicating that the Bitcoin market is also driven by investors' sentiments. In the long run, negative policy uncertainty shocks increase the PB while in the short run, negative shocks decrease it.Originality/valueThe authors give credence to the best ways of understanding the existence of asymmetries in the link between the PB and a number of influential macro-finance variables to improve the appropriate asset allocation and portfolio management.
Aiming for diversity of thought – a business view
Authors: Despierre Arnaud , Wang Kaifeng 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide a practical framework for business and human resources (HR) practitioners to drive diversity in their organizations in a manner that can promote better business results.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors’ team led personal one-on-one interviews with 31 global and regional chief executive officers (CEOs) of Asia-based businesses across a wide range of sectors. The authors distilled the qualitative content of these individual conversations into an overall framework, supported by anecdotal evidence and key lessons learned from the majority of respondents. It is also highlighted in this study where a common view could not be obtained on certain topics, though cases have been rare.

Findings
The authors found an overwhelming alignment on how CEOs think about how to promote diversity of thought in their organizations. At a high level, the authors agreed that this is a complex issue which cannot be easily measured and needs to be tackled by using a holistic approach across several dimensions. These include the need to use a context-based definition of diversity, the pitfalls of measuring diversity by using an overly narrow lens (e.g. gender or ethnic), the requirement to create a bias-free culture where diverse opinions can flourish and be listened to and the need for supporting HR systems and processes.

Originality/value
This study provides a comprehensive framework for companies to drive diversity of thought in their organizations. This approach goes beyond the commonly used methods of using targets and quotas to push for diversity and takes a holistic look at the issue including the roles that individual business leaders and company culture can play in the process.
Conclusion: what innovations would enable the tourism and hospitality industry to re-build?
Authors: Jayawardena Chandi 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to provide answers to the question: “What innovations would enable the tourism and hospitality industry to re-build?”.Design/methodology/approachAt the outset, it redefines the concept of ‘Innovation” in the context of the hospitality and tourism industry. It then focuses on post-pandemic re-building best practices in tourism and hospitality. It captures the essence of the articles in this theme issue collection on innovative actions from around the world and presents concluding remarks.FindingsThis article summarises the key findings of this theme issue and it draws generalized conclusions about re-building the tourism and hospitality industry. In conclusion, 14 key learning outcomes are presented. These include topics such as: rethinking tourism and hospitality products and services, sustaining resilience, collaboration between the government, academia and industry, special interest tourism, domestic tourism, crisis management, digital transformation, the health and safety of all stakeholders, operational efficiencies and environmental sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the emerging research theme of tourism and hospitality post-pandemic re-building.Practical implicationsThere are a number of practical implications in terms of industry approaches to the adoption of innovative strategies to re-build tourism and hospitality operations around the world.Originality/valueReaders who are interested in international best practices of hospitality and tourism should find this concluding article of interest.
Quality of life among post-stroke Jordanian survivors: a prospective study
Authors: Alhalabi Marwa N. , Bani Hani Salam H. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the related factors in patients post-stroke in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach
Prospective, the cross-sectional study recruited 100 participants with stroke from three public hospitals from December 1, 2021 to February 1, 2022. Patients with stroke were interviewed to fill the stroke-specific quality of life questionnaire.

Findings
Forty-five per cent of the participants were male. More than half of the participants (53%) were married, and the average age of the participants was 63.6 (SD =3.8). Most of the participants had an ischemic stroke (86%) with an affected left side (65%). The overall QOL of the participants was leveling at (M = 123.5, SD = 45.2), which is a moderate level. It was found statistical significance differences among participants according to gender, type of stroke, affected side and presence of comorbidities (Table 1).

Research limitations/implications
There were some limitations in this study. First, this study was based on mild to moderate Jordanian stroke survivors and did not include critically ill stroke survivors; the QOL critically ill stroke survivors may differ, which could affect the generalizability of data among all stroke survivors. Second, this study is prospective, and this type of study is prone to bias that could influence the reliability of the results. It is recommended to conduct a mixed-method study to reveal an in-depth understanding of the associated factors with QOL, to ensure reliability and to reflect a better view of the Jordanian population.

Practical implications
To sum up, there is a reduction in the level of QOL among stroke survivors; hence, it is crucial to focus on detecting factors contributing to reducing the QOL and taking individual differences between sexes, type and location of the stroke, and comorbidities into consideration to develop a treatment plan that enhances the QOL and well-being for survivors of stroke.

Social implications
Taking individual differences between sexes, type and location of the stroke and comorbidities into consideration to develop a treatment plan that enhances the QOL and well-being of survivors of stroke.

Originality/value
The findings of this study bring a strong insight toward assessing the main factors indicating a decrease QOL among stroke survivors.
Coping with natural disasters: Political leadership framing of the 2018 wildfires in Greece
Authors: Triantafillidou Amalia , Yannas Prodromos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study examines the discourse of the then Greek Prime Minister, Alexis Tsipras, following the 2018 July wildfire disaster in the Eastern Attica suburbs including Mati to reveal the frames employed by the main protagonist utilizing existing framing models while also incorporating the notions of ethic of care and strategic ambiguity. The then government received extensive criticism by the media and political opponents in regard to the management and communication responses of the then Prime Minister. A content analysis was conducted to the statements made by the then Prime Minister. Findings indicate that Tsipras during the initial stages of the crisis acknowledged the extent of crisis while also emphasizing the successful crisis response efforts. Moreover, strategic ambiguity along with low levels of “caring” were important elements of Tsipras' narrative at the initial stage. As the public outrage and criticism intensified, Tsipras incorporated a more caring profile and presented the disaster as a “critical opportunity” by shifting the blame to previous governments and proposing policy changes.
Population identification strategies for counterfeit coin detection
Authors: Christian Joel B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in manufacturing, 3‐d imaging, and globalization have led to a rise in fraudulent coinage and a world‐wide interest in coin authentication. Modern manufacturing methods allow the alloy, construction, and struck image of coins to be more readily reproduced. Larger coin denominations and efforts to reduce the cost of coining add additional incentive. Detection of fraudulent coinage can parallel authentication of food, beverages, and manufactured goods by studying product‐inherent features. Reverse‐quality‐engineering provides clues to authenticity. One promising method is in the use of finite mixture models to compare individual measurements of groups of coins to assist in authentication. An example is provided using the coin weights of two groups of coins. Authentication of a Questioned set of coins is explored, comparing the weight population of Example coins drawn from circulation with the weights of a Questioned set drawn from an unknown origin. In the test, just over half of the Questioned coin set matched the distribution of the Example coin set. The other portion, nearly half of the coin sample, did not match the Example coins drawn from circulation. If this were combined with a similar analysis of other coin properties, similar results would help validate the finding. The example shows that groups of coins can be authenticated by using one or more measures of properties of populations of Questioned coins versus Example coins that are largely authentic.
Malta: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: FENECH DOMINIC 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolitics in 2021 were much calmer and more settled than the previous year, despite the wake that government and opposition had still to navigate. Issues of rule of law and financial transparency continued claiming the attention of the government, which chose compliance over contention in the face of external pressure to put its house in order, and thus avoid long‐term damage to the national reputation and to the economic well‐being experienced in recent years. The coronavirus pandemic maintained its pressure on public finances, but otherwise was handled competently and a semblance of normality returned. The opposition meanwhile failed to overcome internal problems and render itself credibly electable as the 2022 elections drew near.
The Great Society, Reagan's Revolution, and Generations of Presidential Voting
Authors: Ghitza Yair , Gelman Andrew , Auerbach Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe build a model of American presidential voting in which the cumulative impression left by political events determines the preferences of voters. The impression varies by voter, depending on their age at the time the events took place. We use the Gallup presidential approval‐rating time series to reflect the major events that influence voter preferences, with the most influential occurring during a voter's teenage and early adult years. Our fitted model is predictive, explaining more than 80% of the variation in voting trends over the last half‐century. It is also interpretable, dividing voters into five meaningful generations: New Deal Democrats, Eisenhower Republicans, 1960s Liberals, Reagan Conservatives, and Millennials. We present each generation in context of the political events that shaped its preferences, beginning in 1940 and ending with the 2016 election.
A Pre‐registered sticky mittens study: active training does not increase reaching and grasping in a swedish context
Authors: van den Berg Linda , Libertus Klaus , Nyström Pär , Gottwald Janna. M. , Licht Victoria , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have previously investigated the effects of sticky mittens training on reaching and grasping development. However, recent critique casted doubts on the robustness of the motor effect of this training. The current study presents a pre‐registered report that aimed to generalize these effects to Swedish infants. Three‐month‐old infants N = 96, 51 females, mostly White middle class in Uppsala, received daily, parent‐led sticky mittens or observational training for 2 weeks or no training in 2019. Reaching and grasping abilities were assessed before and after training, using motion tracking and a 4‐step reaching task. Sticky mittens training did not facilitate successful reaching. These results indicate that beneficial motor effects of sticky mittens training did not generalize to this sample.
Novel stop‐gain RNF170 variation detected in a Chinese family with adolescent‐onset hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Fu Jing‐Xin , Wei Qiao , Chen Yu‐Lan , Li Hong‐Fu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity. Recent studies revealed that biallelic variants in RNF170 gene cause autosomal recessive complicated HSP with infancy onset. Here, we report an adolescent‐onset HSP patient from a consanguineous Chinese family, with lower extremity stiffness, spastic gait, and unstable straight‐line walking as the main manifestations. Whole‐exome sequencing identifies a novel RNF170 mutation c.190C>T (p.R64*), which co‐segregates with the disease in this pedigree. Functional analysis, including quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot, indicates that both the mRNA and protein levels of mutant RNF170 are significantly reduced, which confirms the loss‐of‐function mechanism. Our study expands the spectrum of RNF170‐associated HSP, while the RNF170 protein‐involved degradation of the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor in neurodegenerative motor neuron disorders deserves further investigation.
Advanced clinical parameters: A complementary hydroxyurea adherence evaluation in sickle cell anemia treatment
Authors: Moreira Isabela Delfino , Lessa Carem Luana Machado , Rocha Gueverson Leonardo Gonçalves , Schmitz Laura Dewes , Jahnke Viviane Schmitt , Fogliatto Laura Maria , Werlang Maria Cristina , Rotta Liane Nanci 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesGiven the complex pathology of sickle cell anemia (SCA) and low adherence to hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, there is a need to seek parameters that identify recent changes in patient status. The advanced clinical parameters (ACPs) allow an early analysis of hematopoiesis. We aimed to draw the demographic profile of non‐adherent SCA patients and to verify the use of ACPs as a measure of HU treatment adherence.MethodIn a cross‐sectional study, we divided 83 SCA subjects treated with HU into Children (<12 years old) and adolescents/adults (≥12 years old). Their hemogram with the ACPs, electronic medical charts and pharmacy claim data were analyzed.ResultsNon‐adherent ≥12 years old patients had significantly increased WBC, absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil counts, RBC, RET, RDW, and PLT, and significantly decreased MCV and MCH. Subjects in the adolescent/adult group with IG† ≥0.035 cells/mm3 had the RR for non‐adherence increased by 4.6 times (p = .014), and the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) of non‐adherent patients was also significantly higher (p = .042).ConclusionIG† presents clinical utility in early identification of non‐adherence to HU, especially when combined with other parameters, suggesting the evaluation of ACPs in laboratory routine, as they can be easily implemented.