bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glial progenitor cells of the adult human white and grey matter are contextually distinct
Authors: Osorio Maria Joana , Mariani John N. , Zou Lisa , Schanz Steven J. , Heffernan Kate , Cornwell Adam , Goldman Steven A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenomic analyses have revealed heterogeneity among glial progenitor cells (GPCs), but the compartment selectivity of human GPCs (hGPCs) is unclear. Here, we asked if GPCs of human grey and white brain matter are distinct in their architecture and associated gene expression. RNA profiling of NG2‐defined hGPCs derived from adult human neocortex and white matter differed in their expression of genes involved in Wnt, NOTCH, BMP and TGFβ signaling, suggesting compartment‐selective biases in fate and self‐renewal. White matter hGPCs over‐expressed the BMP antagonists BAMBI and CHRDL1, suggesting their tonic suppression of astrocytic fate relative to cortical hGPCs, whose relative enrichment of cytoskeletal genes presaged their greater morphological complexity. In human glial chimeric mice, cortical hGPCs assumed larger and more complex morphologies than white matter hGPCs, and both were more complex than their mouse counterparts. These findings suggest that human grey and white matter GPCs comprise context‐specific pools with distinct functional biases.
Disease specific and nonspecific metabolic brain networks in behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Perovnik Matej , Vo An , Nguyen Nha , Tang Chris , Jamšek Jan , Šurlan Popović Katarina , Grimmer Timo , Yakushev Igor , Diehl‐Schmid Janine , Eidelberg David , Trošt Maja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBehavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is common among young‐onset dementia patients. While bvFTD‐specific multivariate metabolic brain pattern (bFDRP) has been identified previously, little is known about its temporal evolution, internal structure, effect of atrophy, and its relationship with nonspecific resting‐state networks such as default mode network (DMN). In this multicenter study, we explored FDG‐PET brain scans of 111 bvFTD, 26 Alzheimer's disease, 16 Creutzfeldt‐Jakob's disease, 24 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA), 18 nonfluent variant PPA and 77 healthy control subjects (HC) from Slovenia, USA, and Germany. bFDRP was identified in a cohort of 20 bvFTD patients and age‐matched HC using scaled subprofile model/principle component analysis and validated in three independent cohorts. It was characterized by hypometabolism in frontal cortex, insula, anterior/middle cingulate, caudate, thalamus, and temporal poles. Its expression in bvFTD patients was significantly higher compared to HC and other dementia syndromes (p < .0004), correlated with cognitive decline (p = .0001), and increased over time in longitudinal cohort (p = .0007). Analysis of internal network organization by graph‐theory methods revealed prominent network disruption in bvFTD patients. We have further found a specific atrophy‐related pattern grossly corresponding to bFDRP; however, its contribution to the metabolic pattern was minimal. Finally, despite the overlap between bFDRP and FDG‐PET‐derived DMN, we demonstrated a predominant role of the specific bFDRP. Taken together, we validated the bFDRP network as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker specific for bvFTD, provided a unique insight into its highly reproducible internal structure, and proved that bFDRP is unaffected by structural atrophy and independent of normal resting state networks loss.
Detection of increased intracranial pressure in trans‐oral robotic thyroidectomy using optic nerve sheath diameter measurement
Authors: Lim Hyunyoung , Kim Eugene , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Ji‐Yoon , Jung Yundo , Lee Tagkeun , Kim Nayeon , Tae Kyung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring transoral robot‐assisted thyroidectomy, there is a risk of increasing intracranial pressure because the site of CO2 insufflation is narrow and close to the brain.MethodsWe analyzed the pre‐ to post‐CO2 neck insufflation change in the optic nerve sheath diameter during transoral robot‐assisted thyroidectomy. Changes in vital‐signs, airway pressure, and arterial carbon dioxide pressure were analyzed along with postoperative complications.ResultsAmong the 30 participants, the post‐CO2 inflation mean optic nerve sheath diameter (5.64 ± 0.54 mm) was higher than the pre‐induction diameter (4.81 ± 0.37 mm) with a mean difference of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.69–0.97; p < 0.001), but returned to baseline after CO2 deflation in most cases. One participant had sustained increased optic nerve sheath diameter (6.35 mm) associated with severe new‐onset postoperative headache.ConclusionTransient elevation in the intracranial pressure during low‐pressure CO2 neck insufflation in the transoral robot‐assisted thyroidectomy did not appear to adversely affect patients.
Advancing remote sensing and machine learning‐driven frameworks for groundwater withdrawal estimation in Arizona: Linking land subsidence to groundwater withdrawals
Authors: Majumdar Sayantan , Smith Ryan , Conway Brian D. , Lakshmi Venkataraman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGroundwater plays a crucial role in sustaining global food security but is being over‐exploited in many basins of the world. Despite its importance and finite availability, local‐scale monitoring of groundwater withdrawals required for sustainable water management practices is not carried out in most countries, including the United States. In this study, we combine publicly available datasets into a machine learning framework for estimating groundwater withdrawals over the state of Arizona. Here we include evapotranspiration, precipitation, crop coefficients, land use, annual discharge, well density, and watershed stress metrics for our predictions. We employ random forests to predict groundwater withdrawals from 2002 to 2020 at a 2 km spatial resolution using in situ groundwater withdrawal data available for Arizona Active Management Areas (AMA) and Irrigation Non‐Expansion Areas (INA) from 2002 to 2009 for training and 2010–2020 for validating the model respectively. The results show high training () and good testing () scores with normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) ≈ 0.62 and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) ≈ 2.34 for the AMA/INA region. Using this method, we spatially extrapolate the existing groundwater withdrawal estimates to the entire state and observe the co‐occurrence of both groundwater withdrawals and land subsidence in South‐Central and Southern Arizona. Our model predicts groundwater withdrawals in regions where production wells are present on agricultural lands and subsidence is observed from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), but withdrawals are not monitored. By performing a comparative analysis over these regions using the predicted groundwater withdrawals and InSAR‐based land subsidence estimates, we observe a varying degree of subsidence for similar volumes of withdrawals in different basins. The performance of our model on validation datasets and its favourable comparison with independent water use proxies such as InSAR demonstrate the effectiveness and extensibility of our combined remote sensing and machine learning‐based approach.
Long term monitoring of rainwater harvesting tanks: Is multi‐years management possible in crystalline South Indian aquifers?
Authors: Boisson Alexandre , Villesseche David , Selles Adrien , Alazard Marina , Chandra Subash , Ferrant Sylvain , Maréchal Jean‐Christophe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn semi‐arid regions as in India, where agriculture relies on groundwater abstraction, increase of water resources availability through managed aquifer recharge (MAR) or rainwater harvesting (RWH) is often perceived as a major solution. Studies on these structures’ efficiency exists but despite the interest, limited information is available on the temporal variation of their replenishment. In a monsoon driven climate, the inter‐annual variations are crucial to assess the potential of water storage and multi‐year management especially for these structures. Here, we aim at developing a methodology to reconstruct water storage of RWH tanks to further improve our understanding on long term efficiency and multi‐years drought management. To tackle this issue, long‐term monitoring of a RWH tank located in Telangana in Southern India is achieved by a combination of field monitoring over 2 years (tanks surface and water levels) and a daily water balance compared to LANDSAT measurements of the tank area. The procedure allows reconstructing the tank filling dynamic over a 14‐years period at a daily time step and show the extreme variability of the tank filling level. During this period, the yearly maximum tank volume ranges from 8650 to ~200 000 m3. On the 14‐years period, the tank reach its maximum capacity only once and, for 1/3 of the time, yearly maximum replenishment is below 15% of its capacity. The surface water availability remains limited in time since the tank dries‐up annually, except for 2 years. However, water percolation to the aquifer is slightly enhanced for some years. During this monitoring period, very few extreme raining events (6) contribute for more than 50% of the collected volume. This observation highlights (1) the dependency of the structure to extreme storm events, (2) the limited capacity for a multi‐year's management and (3) the farmers vulnerability to successive droughts.
Risk factors and outcomes in people with stroke associated with pregnancy: A retrospective single‐center cohort
Authors: Fishel Bartal Michal , Clifford Corey C. , Bentum Nana Ama A. , Ogunye Ayokunle A. , Chen Han‐Yang , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe timing, antecedent events, and outcomes in pregnancy‐related stroke (PAS).MethodsRetrospective single‐center cohort of all PAS within 42 days of delivery from September 2010 to May 2021. Data were abstracted from medical records.ResultsAmong 51 500 births, we identified 91 cases of PAS, with a stroke rate of 177 per 100 000 births. Of all PAS, 62% (n = 56) were hemorrhagic, 56% (n = 51) occurred postpartum, 49% (n = 45) occurred in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and 36% (n = 33) had surgical interventions. There were nine deaths, with a case fatality rate of 9.9%. Of the survivors (n = 82), 37 (45.1%) had residual deficits. Patients with HDP were more likely to have a postpartum stroke than those without HDP (crude relative risk 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.16–2.55). Among patients with HDP, 89% had at least one severe range blood pressure (BP), with a peak systolic BP of 187.8 ± 27.9 mm Hg and a peak diastolic BP of 109.4 ± 18.4 mm Hg. There was no difference in presenting symptoms (P = 0.120), residual deficits (P = 0.609), or mortality (P = 0.739) between those with or without HDP.ConclusionsAt a referral hospital, PAS was uncommon but was associated with a high mortality rate. An improved understanding of the modifiable risk factors is warranted to avert the sequelae of PAS.
The correlation between total deceleration and acceleration surface areas on electronic fetal monitoring and neonatal cord blood pH in postdate pregnancies
Authors: Talmor Meital , Rotem Reut , Wientraub Adi Y. , Yaniv Salem Shimrit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the correlation between the total decelerations area in the final 120 min before delivery and neonatal cord blood pH in postdate pregnancies.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included women with gestational age greater than 41 weeks, singleton pregnancy, and a category II electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) of at least 30 min during the final 120 min before delivery. We included postdate deliveries of an otherwise low‐risk parturient population. Each area was calculated as duration × depth × 1/2. Correlations were tested using the Spearman correlation coefficient.ResultsA total of 100 EFMs were included in the analysis. Median pH was significantly lower in neonates above the median total deceleration area under the curve (AUC; 7.26 vs. 7.32, P = 0.002). Gestational age at delivery was independently associated with total deceleration AUC above median (adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.37) controlling for history of previous cesarean delivery and duration of second stage of labor. A significant correlation was found between cord blood pH and total deceleration area (P < 0.001, Spearman correlation coefficient −0.37).ConclusionAmong women with postdate pregnancies, the total deceleration area and the mean maximum duration of decelerations were negatively correlated with cord blood pH. Further studies are needed to incorporate deceleration area as a method in predicting fetal acidemia.
Labor induction in term gravidas with prelabor rupture of membranes and unfavorable cervixes: Oxytocin versus vaginal misoprostol
Authors: Zhang Chengyan , Jiang Haili , Kong Lijun , Feng Yi , Zhou Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between oxytocin and vaginal misoprostol induction in women with term prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) and unfavorable cervixes.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 589 pregnant women with term singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation, reactive nonstress tests, PROM of 2–24 h duration, Bishop score <6, and no previous uterine surgery were reviewed and divided into oxytocin (n = 301) and misoprostol (n = 288) groups. The primary outcomes were the rate of vaginal delivery and delivery within 24 h.ResultsAfter 24 h of induction, the misoprostol group showed a significantly higher proportion of vaginal delivery (64.6% vs. 49.5%, P < 0.001) and a lower cesarean section delivery rate (11.5% vs. 25.2%, P < 0.001) than the oxytocin group. More primiparas in the misoprostol group achieved vaginal delivery within 24 h than in the oxytocin group (60.5% vs. 45.4%, P = 0.001). Among primiparas, the misoprostol group had a significantly lower cesarean delivery rate (12.6% vs. 27.5%, P < 0.001).ConclusionVaginal misoprostol induction in term PROM gravidas with unfavorable cervixes was associated with lower cesarean section and higher vaginal delivery rates within 24 h than oxytocin infusion. Vaginal misoprostol and oxytocin infusion had similar maternal and neonatal outcomes.
A novel approach for MR brain tumor classification and detection using optimal CNN‐SVM model
Authors: Ragupathy Balakumaresan , Subramani Bharath , Arumugam Selvapandian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe segmentation of brain tumors in magnetic resonance imaging plays a significant role in the field of image processing. This process has high computational complexity when handled manually by clinical experts. The accuracy in classifying and segmenting the brain tumor depends on the radiologists' experience. The computer‐aided diagnosis‐based brain tumor segmentation approach is proposed to overcome the existing limitations. The proposed convolutional neural network and support vector machine approach consists of the following stages. In the preprocessing stage, unwanted noise and intensity inhomogeneity are suppressed using an anisotropic diffusion filter. Then, the features are extracted using the deep convolutional neural network, and based on the features; the input brain image is classified into normal or abnormal using a support vector machine classifier. The proposed method gives a more successful accuracy rate of 2.11%. Compared with the other methods, the sensitivity and specificity values are also improved to 4.79% and 1.19%.
3D‐printed MgO nanoparticle loaded polycaprolactone β‐tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications: In‐vitro and in‐vivo evaluation
Authors: Safiaghdam Hannaneh , Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh , Farzad‐Mohajeri Saeed , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Farajpour Hekmat , Aminianfar Hossein , Bakhtiari Zeinab , Jabbari Fakhr Massoumeh , Hosseinzadeh Simzar , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) plays an important role in controlling bone apatite structure and density and is a potential bioactive material in repairing critical‐sized bone defects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of adding NanoMgO to polycaprolactone/beta‐tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β‐TCP) scaffolds on bone regeneration. Novel 3D‐printed porous PCL/β‐TCP composite scaffolds containing 10% nanoMgO were fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) and compared with PCL/β‐TCP (1:1) scaffolds (control). The morphology and physicochemical properties of the scaffolds were characterized by ATR‐FTIR, XRD, scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM–EDX), transmission‐electron‐microscopy (TEM), water contact angle, and compressive strength tests and correlated to its cytocompatibility and osteogenic capacity in‐vitro. To evaluate in‐vivo osteogenic capacity, bone‐marrow‐derived stem cell (BMSC)‐loaded scaffolds were implanted into 8 mm rat critical‐sized calvarial defects for 12 weeks. The hydrophilic scaffolds showed 50% porosity (pore size = 504 μm). MgO nanoparticles (91.5 ± 27.6 nm) were homogenously dispersed and did not adversely affect BMSCs' viability and differentiation. Magnesium significantly increased elastic modulus, pH, and degradation. New bone formation (NBF) in Micro‐CT was 30.16 ± 0.31% and 23.56 ± 1.76% in PCL/β‐TCP/nanoMgO scaffolds with and without BMSCs respectively, and 19.38 ± 2.15% and 15.75 ± 2.24% in PCL/β‐TCP scaffolds with and without BMSCs respectively. Angiogenesis was least remarkable in PCL/β‐TCP compared with other groups (p < .05). Our results suggest that the PCL/β‐TCP/nanoMgO scaffold is a more suitable bone substitute compared to PCL/β‐TCP in critical‐sized calvarial defects.
Neuronal cell response on aligned fibroporous electrospun mat generated from silver ion complexed ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
Authors: Sumam Prima , Parameswaran Ramesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenerating electrospun mats with aligned fibers and obtaining neurite extension in the aligned fiber direction could provide hope for fabricating nerve guidance conduits or wraps through an easy method. The growing interest in generating electrospun mats with aligned fibers for tissue engineering is looking for simple methods to generate the same. Here, in this study, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) chains were complexed with silver ions (Ag+) to generate aligned fibers during the electrospinning process. The fibers thus produced were subjected to physico‐chemical characterization and biological studies to ensure their properties and to examine whether suitable for neuronal cell attachment and neurite extension that may be useful in making nerve guidance conduits or wraps. The presence of silver ions and its complex formation with –OH of EVAL has been confirmed with EDX and XPS analysis respectively. The alignment of fibers was visualized from SEM analysis and confirmed using directionality analysis using Fiji‐ImageJ software. Mechanical properties done with dumbbells punched out in longitudinal and transverse directions also substantiated the alignment of fibers. The results obtained from direct contact, MTT, and live/dead assay showed the cells are viable on the material. From the actin staining and immunostaining assays, it was evident that the PC12 cells could attach and extend their neurites in an aligned manner on the fibers. The maximum neurite extension was up to 200 μm in length. These properties of electrospun EVAL‐Ag mat with aligned fibers indicated that it could be developed as a biocompatible nerve guidance conduit or wrap.
Bowel cleansing efficacy of 1 L NER1006versus macrogol and 3 L polyethylene glycol using split‐dose administration
Authors: Sinh Priya , Dunn Katherine , John Sneha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimColonoscopies are an important diagnostic technique in the detection of colorectal cancer and colonic disease. Adequate examination is dependent on the degree of mucosal visibility, with poor cleansing impeding the detection of neoplasms. These patients require shorter colonoscopy surveillance intervals, longer hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs—rendering a screening colonoscopy cost‐ineffective. In Australia and the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service (GCHHS), macrogol and 3 L of polyethylene glycol are the preferred regimen given its safety profile and efficacy. Yet, little is known locally about the use of the new low‐volume bowel preparation NER1006 (Plenvu) given its recent registration with the Therapeutic Goods of Australia (TGA). The primary outcome assessed the bowel cleansing efficacy of NER1006 compared with 7 days of macrogol and 3 L of polyethylene glycol using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), while also assessing the influence of notable patient characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and the patients Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Secondary outcomes assessed the polyp detection rate and procedural factors including cecal intubation, scope withdrawal time, and rebooking rates.MethodsData from all patients who underwent an outpatient colonoscopy procedure at GCHHS between 1 July 2020 and 30 September 2020 were analyzed. Patients were aged 50–74 years of age and were referred for a screening colonoscopy due to a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) result from the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program.ResultsOf the 238 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 108 patients received NER1006 and 130 patients received macrogol and 3 L polyethylene glycol. NER1006 achieved superior overall (P < 0.001) and right‐sided colon cleansing (P = 0.016). There was an even distribution of males and females (P = 0.118), the mean age of both cohorts was <65 years of age. The macrogol and 3 L polyethylene glycol group had a statistically higher BMI (P < 0.001) and CCI (P < 0.001). Cecal intubation success was achieved in both cohorts (≥95%) and scope withdrawal time was ≥6 min, polyp detection was non‐superior (P = 0.824), but superior in NER1006 when BBPS ≥6 (P = 0.002). Rebooking rates were significantly lower in the NER1006 group (P = 0.013).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that NER1006 was superior in terms of overall and right‐sided bowel cleansing as a primary endpoint. Patient factors demonstrated to be independent predictors of inadequate bowel preparation. Future studies should aim to explore the safety and tolerability of NER1006 while also assessing the bowel cleansing effectiveness in patients with a high BMI and comorbidity index.