bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to transboundary water challenges in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: In search of institutional fit
Authors: Tran Thong Anh , Tortajada Cecilia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe operations of large hydropower dams in the Mekong basin, while posing detrimental transboundary effects downstream, are not fully recognised in Vietnamese government policies, especially at the regional scale. This study adopts the concept of institutional fit to investigate policy gaps in addressing the transboundary water challenges characterised by falling floodwater flows and accelerating saltwater intrusion in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Based on interviews with key stakeholders (including central and provincial government officials, environmental experts, and academics) as well as desk reviews of policy documents, we argue that, while the transboundary water repercussions are increasingly evident on the ground, they are not adequately factored in water policies and strategic development planning for the delta. This study suggests that failure to incorporate co‐evolving effects of climate change and Mekong‐wide hydropower dynamics into local water governance will cause institutional constraints to tackle water stressors (too much or too little water) over the long term. Achieving institutional fit will therefore help align the national water policy framework with local development strategies and reduce policy‐practice gaps at the delta scale. To this end, two key aspects need to be considered: first, how, and in which forms, innovative management decisions and water governance policies can be effectively undertaken towards securing the living delta and its resilience to present and future environmental risks; and second, how reframed water policy and development agendas can holistically capture and resolve the transboundary hydrological problems, while leveraging the Vietnamese government's policy engagement at higher levels to address related impacts.
Surgical treatment of obesity and excess risk of developing heart failure in a controlled cohort study
Authors: Lundberg Christina E. , Jamaly Shabbar , Adiels Martin , Lagergren Jesper , Svensson Carl Johan , Björck Lena , Rosengren Annika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe aim to assess the risk of heart failure in patients with obesity with and without gastric bypass surgery compared with population controls.Methods and resultsThis cohort study included all patients aged 20–65 years with a first ever registered principal diagnosis of obesity in the Swedish Patient Register in 2001–2013. These patients were matched by age, sex, and region with two population controls from the general Swedish population without obesity diagnosis. The obesity cohort was divided into two groups: 27 882 patients who had undergone gastric bypass surgery within 2 years of obesity diagnosis and 39 564 patients who had not undergone such surgery. These groups were compared with 55 149 and 78 004 matched population controls, respectively. Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, education, and sex. During follow‐up (maximum 10 years, median 4.4 years, and interquartile range 2.5–7.2 years), 1884 participants were hospitalized for heart failure. Compared with population controls, gastric bypass patients had no excess risk of heart failure during the initial 0–≤4 years of follow‐up (HR = 1.35 [95% CI = 0.96–1.91]) but a marked increased risk during the final >4–10 years of follow‐up (HR = 3.28 [95% CI = 2.25–4.77]). Non‐operated patients with obesity had a marked excess risk of heart failure throughout the study period compared with population controls.ConclusionsGastric bypass for obesity seems to reduce the risk of heart failure to levels similar to the general population during the initial 4 years after surgery, but not thereafter.
Resource allocation of fog radio access network based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Tan Jingru , Guan Wenbo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the development of energy harvesting technologies and smart grid, the future trend of radio access networks will present a multi‐source power supply. In this article, joint renewable energy cooperation and resource allocation scheme of the fog radio access networks (F‐RANs) with hybrid power supplies (including both the conventional grid and renewable energy sources) is studied. In this article, our objective is to maximize the average throughput of F‐RAN architecture with hybrid energy sources while satisfying the constraints of signal to noise ratio (SNR), available bandwidth, and energy harvesting. To solve this problem, the dynamic power allocation scheme in the network is studied by using Q‐learning and Deep Q Network respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed two algorithms have low complexity and can improve the average throughput of the whole network compared with other traditional algorithms.
Computation of hypersonic viscous flows with the thermally perfect gas model using a discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Ching Eric J. , Bensassi Khalil , Lv Yu , Ihme Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the numerical simulation of high‐speed thermally perfect flows using high‐order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods. In these methods, the polynomial approximation of the solution is susceptible to spurious oscillations, especially in high‐gradient regions. The introduction of variable thermodynamic properties, important for hypersonic flows, can exacerbate this issue. Given the general lack of satisfactory high‐order DG simulations of these types of flows, our primary objective is to demonstrate the success of the formulation proposed here in computing flows in this regime. Secondary goals are to (a) highlight that DG schemes are significantly less sensitive than finite‐volume methods to mesh‐shock misalignment in the given setting and (b) evaluate the sensitivity of surface heating predictions to various types of no‐slip isothermal wall boundary conditions. To handle strong shocks prevalent in this flow regime, intra‐element solution variations are used to detect discontinuities and smooth artificial viscosity is employed for stabilization. We discuss the algorithmic developments for extending a standard DG discretization of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with the calorically perfect gas model to the thermally perfect gas model. We apply the resulting DG formulation to several hypersonic test cases, including inviscid flow over a cylinder and viscous flow over a double cone. Where appropriate, our results are benchmarked against those obtained with state‐of‐the‐art finite‐volume hypersonic flow solvers. The final case entails high‐speed particle‐laden flow over a blunt body. The results of this test illuminate how the consideration of variable thermodynamic properties influences the prediction of the particle phase.
Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of nanoemulsion/protein blend for packaging application
Authors: Benimana Fidele , Potoroko Irina Y. , Pathak Prateek , Sonawane Shirish H. , Sonawane Shriram , Bagale Uday D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we studied the formation of sunflower oil nanoemulsion using ultrasound techniques. Later, we investigated the development of active films based on a mixture of whey protein containing sunflower oil base nanoemulsion with different concentrations (10, 25, and 50% of total whey protein). The prepared film was by analyzing using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The film shows no changes in its integrity and crystallinity compared to the virgin film. The presence of nanoemulsion improves the mechanical properties from 2.75 MPa to 3.52 MPa while it decreases the water vapor permeability from 3.4 × 10–10 to 1.3 × 10−10g/m.s.Pa for concentrations NE (50% of Whey protein). The antioxidant activity for Tween 20 nanoemulsion is 38.7% compared to 36.1% for Tween 80 nanoemulsion. The antimicrobial activity of the film contains sunflower nanoemulsion higher than virgin films. The results showed the potential of blend film of whey protein with nanoemulsion for active films for novel food protection.
Role of context in knowledge flows: Host country versus headquarters as sources of MNC subsidiary knowledge inheritance
Authors: Teodorescu Mike Horia Mihail , Choudhury Prithwiraj , Khanna Tarun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe respond to calls in the strategy and international business literature for elucidating how multinational subsidiaries develop contextual intelligence in host countries and how they use the local context as a source of valuable opportunities for learning. Applying the theoretical lens of subsidiary absorptive capacity and building on a gravity model, we propose an approach that can distinguish and compare the influences of the host country context and headquarters over the subsidiary knowledge production. Some subsidiaries may become global second headquarters and innovation hubs, as evidenced qualitatively in the paper with the case of Cisco. Essentially, subsidiaries, characterized by higher stocks of knowledge and greater number of locally hired employees are likely to absorb relatively more knowledge from the local host country context.Managerial SummaryManagers at multinational companies have to carefully balance acquiring knowledge from the headquarters, vis‐a‐vis acquiring knowledge from the local context of countries where the firm has subsidiaries. In contrast to a “headquarter‐centric” approach where most of the knowledge management activities are centered around the MNC headquarters, we argue that larger subsidiaries, often characterized by a large presence of local R&D workers, might disproportionately draw knowledge from the local context, rather than from the headquarters. In addition to developing theoretical propositions along these lines, we provide an illustrative example of how Cisco opened a “second headquarters” in India, to learn from the rich local context.
Age‐specificity and generalization of behavior‐associated structural and functional networks and their relevance to behavioral domains
Authors: Yu Junhong , Fischer Nastassja Lopes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBehavior‐associated structural connectivity (SC) and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) networks undergo various changes in aging. To study these changes, we proposed a continuous dimension where at one end networks generalize well across age groups in terms of behavioral predictions (age‐general) and at the other end, they predict behaviors well in a specific age group but fare poorly in another age group (age‐specific). We examined how age generalizability/specificity of multimodal behavioral associated brain networks varies across behavioral domains and imaging modalities. Prediction models consisting of SC and/or rsFC networks were trained to predict a diverse range of 75 behavioral outcomes in a young adult sample (N = 92). These models were then used to predict behavioral outcomes in unseen young (N = 60) and old (N = 60) subjects. As expected, behavioral prediction models derived from the young age group, produced more accurate predictions in the unseen young than old subjects. These behavioral predictions also differed significantly across behavioral domains, but not imaging modalities. Networks associated with cognitive functions, except for a few mostly relating to semantic knowledge, fell toward the age‐specific end of the spectrum (i.e., poor young‐to‐old generalizability). These findings suggest behavior‐associated brain networks are malleable to different degrees in aging; such malleability is partly determined by the nature of the behavior.
In vivo measurements of lamination patterns in the human cortex
Authors: Tomer Omri , Barazany Daniel , Baratz Zvi , Tsarfaty Galia , Assaf Yaniv 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe laminar composition of the cerebral cortex is tightly connected to the development and connectivity of the brain, as well as to function and pathology. Although most of the research on the cortical layers is done with the aid of ex vivo histology, there have been recent attempts to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with potential in vivo applications. However, the high‐resolution MRI technology and protocols required for such studies are neither common nor practical. In this article, we present a clinically feasible method for assessing the laminar properties of the human cortex using standard pulse sequence available on any common MRI scanner. Using a series of low‐resolution inversion recovery (IR) MRI scans allows us to calculate multiple T1 relaxation time constants for each voxel. Based on the whole‐brain T1‐distribution, we identify six different gray matter T1 populations and their variation across the cortex. Based on this, we show age‐related differences in these population and demonstrate that this method is able to capture the difference in laminar composition across varying brain areas. We also provide comparison to ex vivo high‐resolution MRI scans. We show that this method is feasible for the estimation of layer variability across large population cohorts, which can lead to research into the links between the cortical layers and function, behavior and pathologies that was heretofore unexplorable.
American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and International Thyroid Oncology Group consensus statement on mutational testing in thyroid cancer: Defining advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted treatment
Authors: Shonka David C. , Ho Alan , Chintakuntlawar Ashish V. , Geiger Jessica L. , Park Jong C. , Seetharamu Nagashree , Jasim Sina , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Bible Keith C. , Brose Marcia S. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Dabekaussen Kirsten , Davies Louise , Dias‐Santagata Dora , Fagin James A. , Faquin William C. , Ghossein Ronald A. , Gopal Raj K. , Miyauchi Akira , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Ringel Matthew D. , Robinson Bruce , Ryder Mabel M. , Sherman Eric J. , Sadow Peter M. , Shin Jennifer J. , Stack Brendan C. , Tuttle R. Michael , Wirth Lori J. , Zafereo Mark E. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of systemic treatment options leveraging the molecular landscape of advanced thyroid cancer is a burgeoning field. This is a multidisciplinary evidence‐based statement on the definition of advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted systemic treatment.MethodsAn expert panel was assembled, a literature review was conducted, and best practice statements were developed. The modified Delphi method was applied to assess the degree of consensus for the statements developed by the author panel.ResultsA review of the current understanding of thyroid oncogenesis at a molecular level is presented and characteristics of advanced thyroid cancer are defined. Twenty statements in topics including the multidisciplinary management, molecular evaluation, and targeted systemic treatment of advanced thyroid cancer are provided.ConclusionsWith the growth in targeted treatment options for thyroid cancer, a consensus definition of advanced disease and statements regarding the utility of molecular testing and available targeted systemic therapy is warranted.
Comparison of Turkish version of the medical outcomes study‐HIV health survey with short form health survey‐36 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Tukenmez Tigen Elif , Erturk Sengel Buket , Ozben Beste , Korten Volkan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/aimSeveral questionnaires have been developed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to compare Turkish version of the Medical Outcomes Study‐HIV Health Survey (MOS‐HIV) with Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) in people with HIV.Patients and methodsA hundred and 14 patients with HIV were consecutively included. The MOS‐HIV and SF‐36 questionnaires were applied to all patients at the same day. MOS HIV included 35 items and assessed general health perceptions (GH), physical functioning (PF), social functioning (SF), mental health (MH), bodily pain (P), cognitive functioning, health distress, overall QoL, health transition, role functioning (RF), energy/vitality (EV), physical (Physical health summary score) and mental (MHSS) health summary scores. SF‐36 included 36 items and measured eight domains of health concepts including SF, PF, P, RF, GH, role emotional, vitality (V) and MH. Correlation analysis and Bland‐ Altman plots were used to compare the MOS‐HIV and SF‐36 questionnaires.ResultsGH, PF, P, RF, EV, SF, and MH domains of the MOS‐HIV were significantly correlated with those of SF 36. The agreement between the tests were 91.2% for PF, 92.1% for RF and pain, 94.7% for GH, 95.6% for EV, 92.1% for SF and 93.9% for MH.ConclusionTurkish version of the MOS HIV showed moderate correlations and agreement with SF 36 suggesting its use as an alternative to SF 36 in assessing QoL in these patients.
FHD flow and heat transfer over a porous rotating disk accounting for Coriolis force along with viscous dissipation and thermal radiation
Authors: Sharma Kushal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prime concern of the current findings includes the effect of viscous dissipation and nonlinear thermal radiation on the study of ferrofluid flow and heat transfer past a porous rotating disk. The time‐independent flow of incompressible ferrofluid is modeled for the considered geometry, and via similarity transformations, the given system is converted to a dimensionless system of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Here, the findings are explored computationally with help of Maple software. The study exhibits the effect of the involved emerging parameters: the interaction parameter , Prandtl number , rotation parameter , radiation parameter , Eckert number , and these are discussed graphically. Moreover, the numerical values of heat transfer rate and skin frictions are also presented in tabular form. From the perspective of numerical findings, it is perceived that the radial flow is dominant when we increase the rotation of the disk. Furthermore, the magnitude of magnetic‐fluid temperature is enhanced with the surge in the magnetic field, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation mechanism. Finally, the current research can successfully fill a gap in the existing literature.
Association of increased basic salivary proline‐rich protein 1 levels in induced sputum with type 2‐high asthma
Authors: Chen Fengjia , Liang Yuxia , Zeng Zhimin , Du Lijuan , Xu Changyi , Guo Yubiao , Xie Canmao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to reveal whether basic salivary proline‐rich protein BstNI subfamily 1 (PRB1) may be used as a diagnostic biomarker for type 2‐high asthma.MethodsPRB1 protein levels in the induced sputum of 67 subjects with asthma and 27 controls were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analyses between PRB1 in the induced sputum and airway inflammatory indicators were also performed.ResultsPRB1 protein levels were significantly upregulated in the induced sputum of asthmatic patients (p =0.0098) and correlated with clinical eosinophil‐related indicators and type 2 airway inflammation. These results indicate that PRB1 is a promising biomarker for type 2‐high asthma.ConclusionsThe expression of PRB1 in induced sputum is a potential biomarker for type 2‐high asthma. The results of this study present new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of asthma.
Comprehensively evaluating and modelling droplet diameters and kinetic energies of low‐pressure sprinklers
Authors: Hui Xin , Zheng Yudong , Meng Fanyu , Tan Haibin , Yan Haijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProper droplet diameter and kinetic energy can effectively reduce the risk of soil erosion during low‐pressure sprinkler irrigation. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the radial distributions of droplet diameter, velocity, kinetic energy, kinetic energy per unit droplet volume, and specific power for three common low‐pressure sprinklers, i.e. Nelson D3000, R3000 and Komet KPT, with two operating pressures (103 and 138 kPa) and three nozzle outlet diameters (3.97, 5.95 and 7.94 mm). Additionally, the relationships between these droplet characteristic parameters were analysed. Overall, the maximum values of five characteristic parameters were observed at the end of the jet under various treatments. Although R3000 had a larger droplet diameter (0.10–6.42 mm) and kinetic energy (1.08 × 10−10–8.59 × 10−3 J) distribution range than D3000 and KPT, the D3000 specific power (mean value of 0.4274 W m−2) was the highest of the three sprinklers. Therefore, KPT was suggested more in low‐pressure sprinkler irrigation than in the other two sprinklers because its application rates were reduced along the radial direction. In addition to selecting a suitable sprinkler type for minimizing specific power, determining a reasonable sprinkler spacing was also significant (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a universal specific power model with an appropriate accuracy (RMSE = 0.011 W m−2, NRMSE = 29%) was proposed. This study provides a key basis for the selection and combination of low‐pressure sprinklers.
Golgi quality control and autophagy
Authors: Chang Hsiang‐Yi , Yang Wei Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganelles can easily be disrupted by intracellular and extracellular factors. Studies on ER and mitochondria indicate that a wide range of responses are elicited upon organelle disruption. One response thought to be of particular importance is autophagy. Cells can target entire organelles into autophagosomes for removal. This wholesale nature makes autophagy a robust means for eliminating compromised organelles. Recently, it was demonstrated that the Golgi apparatus is a substrate of autophagy. On the other hand, various reports have shown that components traffic away from the Golgi for elimination in an autophagosome‐independent manner when the Golgi apparatus is stressed. Future studies will reveal how these different pieces of machinery coordinate to drive Golgi degradation. Quantitative measurements will be needed to determine how much autophagy contributes to the maintenance of the Golgi apparatus.
How to estimate a vector autoregression after March 2020
Authors: Lenza Michele , Primiceri Giorgio E. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis paper illustrates how to handle a sequence of extreme observations—such as those recorded during the COVID‐19 pandemic—when estimating a vector autoregression, which is the most popular time‐series model in macroeconomics. Our results show that the ad hoc strategy of dropping these observations may be acceptable for the purpose of parameter estimation. However, disregarding these recent data is inappropriate for forecasting the future evolution of the economy, because it may underestimate uncertainty.
The global component of inflation volatility
Authors: Carriero Andrea , Corsello Francesco , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: March 2022

SummaryGlobal developments play an important role for domestic inflation rates. Earlier literature has found that a substantial amount of the variation in a large set of national inflation rates can be explained by a single global factor. However, inflation volatility has been typically neglected, although it is clearly relevant both from a policy point of view and for structural analysis and forecasting. We study the evolution of inflation rates in several countries, using a novel model that allows for commonality in both levels and volatilities, in addition to country‐specific components. We find that inflation volatility is indeed important, and a substantial fraction of it can be attributed to a global factor that is also driving inflation levels and their persistence. The extent of commonality among core inflation rates and volatilities is substantially smaller than for overall inflation, which leaves scope for national monetary policies. Finally, we show that the point and density forecasting performance of the model is good relative to standard benchmarks, which provides additional evidence on its reliability.