bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning and murine models explain failures of clinical sepsis trials
Authors: Stolarski Allan E. , Kim Jiyoun , Rop Kevin , Wee Katherine , Zhang Qiuyang , Remick Daniel G. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Multiple clinical trials failed to demonstrate the efficacy of hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine (HAT) in sepsis. These trials were dominated by patients with pulmonary sepsis and have not accounted for differences in the inflammatory responses across varying etiologies of injury/illness. Hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine have previously revealed tremendous benefits in animal peritonitis sepsis models (cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]) in contradiction to the various clinical trials. The impact of HAT remains unclear in pulmonary sepsis. Our objective was to investigate the impact of HAT in pneumonia, consistent with the predominate etiology in the discordant clinical trials. We hypothesized that, in a pulmonary sepsis model, HAT would act synergistically to reduce end-organ dysfunction by the altering the inflammatory response, in a unique manner compared with CLP.

METHODS
Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, a pulmonary sepsis model (pneumonia [PNA]) was compared directly to previously investigated intra-abdominal sepsis models. Machine learning applied to early vital signs stratified animals into those predicted to die (pDie) versus predicted to live (pLive). Animals were then randomized to receive antibiotics and fluids (vehicle [VEH]) vs. HAT). Vitals, cytokines, vitamin C, and markers of liver and kidney function were assessed in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and organ homogenates.

RESULTS
PNA was induced in 119 outbred wild-type Institute of Cancer Research mice (predicted mortality approximately 50%) similar to CLP. In PNA, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in 72-hour bronchoalveolar lavage was lower with HAT (2.36 ng/mL) compared with VEH (4.88 ng/mL; p = 0.04). The remaining inflammatory cytokines and markers of liver/renal function showed no significant difference with HAT in PNA. PNA vitamin C levels were 0.62 mg/dL (pDie HAT), lower than vitamin C levels after CLP (1.195 mg/dL). Unlike CLP, PNA mice did not develop acute kidney injury (blood urea nitrogen: pDie, 33.5 mg/dL vs. pLive, 27.6 mg/dL; p = 0.17). Furthermore, following PNA, HAT did not significantly reduce microscopic renal oxidative stress (mean gray area: pDie, 16.64 vs. pLive, 6.88; p = 0.93). Unlike CLP where HAT demonstrated a survival benefit, HAT had no impact on survival in PNA.

CONCLUSION
Hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine therapy has minimal benefits in pneumonia. The inflammatory response induced by pulmonary sepsis is unique compared with the response during intra-abdominal sepsis. Consequently, different etiologies of sepsis respond differently to HAT therapy.
The effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of Sirt1 and STAT3 in hippocampus and amygdala of vascular dementia rats
Authors: Zhao Jian , Li Wenqiang , Wang Yue , Jiang Yuanhe , Ding Chunyan , Li Huaibin , Ding Jian , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2022

Objective
Inflammation has long been considered a key factor in learning and memory impairment in patients with vascular dementia (VaD). Studies have confirmed that electroacupuncture can improve the learning and memory impairment of patients with VaD by reducing inflammation, but the specific mechanism of this effect is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of VaD.

Methods
The vascular dementia animal model was established by bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries, and electroacupuncture treatment was given at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36). The morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of rats in each group. To evaluate the expression of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inflammatory cytokine (IL-17) in the hippocampus and amygdala, immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed.

Results:
The MWM test and Nissl staining results show that electroacupuncture can significantly improve the learning and memory impairment of VaD rats, and can repair damaged neurons. Immunohistochemistry and western blot results showed that electroacupuncture could enhance the expression of sirt1 in VaD rats, on the contrary, the expression of STAT3 and IL-17 was reduced due to electroacupuncture.

Conclusions
The result suggests that electroacupuncture can suppress inflammation through the Sirt1/STAT3 pathway and improve spatial learning and memory in VaD rats.
A large Australian longitudinal cohort registry demonstrates sustained safety and efficacy of oral medicinal cannabis for at least two years
Authors: Vickery Alistair W , Roth Sebastian , Ernenwein Tracie , Kennedy Jessica , Washer Patrizia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionOral medicinal cannabis (MC) has been increasingly prescribed for a wide range of clinical conditions since 2016. Despite an exponential rise in prescriptions and publications, high quality clinical efficacy and safety studies are lacking. The outcomes of a large Australian clinical electronic registry cohort are presented.MethodsA prospective cannabis-naïve patient cohort prescribed oral MC participated in an ongoing longitudinal registry at a network of specialised clinics. Patient MC dose, safety and validated outcome data were collected regularly over two years and analysed.Results3,961 patients (mean age 56.07 years [SD 19.08], 51.0% female) with multimorbidity (mean diagnoses 5.14 [SD 4.08]). and polypharmacy (mean 6.26 medications [SD 4.61]). Clinical indications were for: chronic pain (71.9%), psychiatric (15.4%), neurological (2.1%), and other diagnoses (10.7%). Median total oral daily dose was 10mg for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 22.5mg for cannabidiol (CBD). A stable dose was observed for over two years. Treatment related adverse events (37.3%) were mild (dry mouth 79.9%), dose-related (sedation/dizziness, 68.2%) with fewer than 2% (n=23) experiencing severe and only two serious adverse events.Highly significant improvements across all outcomes were sustained for over two years, including: clinical global impression (CGI-E, +39%: CGI-I, +52%; p<0.001), pain interference and severity (BPI, 26.1% and 22.2%; p<0.001), mental health (DASS-21, depression 24.5%, anxiety 25.5%, stress 27.7%; p<0.001), insomnia (ISI, 35.0%; p<0.001), and health status (RAND SF36: physical function, 34.4%: emotional well-being, 37.3%; p<0.001). Mean number of concomitant medications did not significantly change over 2 years.ConclusionsOral MC was demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated for a sustained period in a large complex cohort of cannabis-naïve, multimorbid patients with polypharmacy. There was highly significant improvement across all clinical outcomes over two years. Results are subject to limitations of real world data for causation and generalisability. Future high quality randomised controlled trials are awaited.
Clinical practice competencies for standard critical care nursing: Consensus statement based on a systematic review and Delphi survey
Authors: Sakuramoto Hideaki , Kuribara Tomoki , Ouchi Akira , Haruna Junpei , Unoki Takeshi ,   the AdHoc Committee of Intensive Care Registered Nurse,   Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine
Published: July 2022

AbstractClinical practice competencies in standard critical care nursing (SCCN) are necessary to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. Competency enables definition and provides a framework for the evaluation of actual knowledge, skills, and abilities. However, a clear development process and scientifically validated competencies have not yet been developed in Japan. Thus, this study aimed to develop a consensus-based set of SCCN competencies to cover a framework for critical care nursing education, training, and evaluation. A consensus-based set of SCCN competencies was developed in four stages: (1) development of an initial set of SCCN competencies derived from a systematic review; (2) focus group interviews via video conference to supplement and content expert validation based on initial competencies made from a systematic review; (3) a three-round web-based Delphi survey of health professionals to prioritize and gain consensus on the most essential SCCN competencies; and (4) external validation, feedback, and endorsement from critical care experts. A systematic review of 23 studies and reports identified 685 unique competencies. Of the 239 participants representing a range of health professionals (physicians, nurses, and physical therapists) who registered, 218 (91.2% of registered professionals), 209 (98.9% of round 1 participants), and 201 (96.2% of round two participants) participants responded in round one, round two, and round three of the Delphi survey, respectively. The withdrawal rates between enrollment and each round were less than 10%. After three rounds of the Delphi survey and external validation by experts, the final set of competencies was classified into 6 domains, 26 subdomains, 99 elements, and 525 performance indicators. In summary, a consensus-based, contemporary set of SCCN competencies was identified to cover a framework for critical care nursing education, training, and evaluation.Trial registrationNone
A differential effect of visual cortex tDCS on reading of English and Chinese in patients with central vision loss
Authors: Silva A.E. , Lyu A. , Leat S.J. , Khan S. , Labreche T. , Chan J.C.H. , Li Q. , Woo G.C. , Woo S. , Cheong A.M.Y , Thompson B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report that visual cortex a-tDCS influences reading performance in individuals with macular degeneration differently depending on the writing system employed. This finding will help to guide the international development of vision rehabilitation programs for macular degeneration that may utilize non-invasive brain stimulation.
MODEL FAMILY CENTERED CARE IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELITUS : A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Maimuna Siti 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is the most widespread chronic non-infectious disease, with an increase in the frequency in childhood that could be the epidemic of the 21st century. This literature aims to study the philosophy of family center care interventions to improve the quality of life of children with diabetes melitus viewed from three philosophical perspectives, namely ontology, epistemology, and axiology.MethodA literature search was performed on five databases, namely SCOPUS, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SAGEPub, and Google Scholar. Population limitations and diagnoses in this literature of children with diabetes melitus. This research is a quantitative study focusing on publications between 2017-2022.ResultFamily centered care can improve the quality of life of children with diabetes. Children with diabetes successfully manage their disease is possible because parents have understood and received ongoing training and in this case, children with connections to the diabetes care team (family) and medical team play an important role in the management of children’s diabetes. Training and strengthening education helps families to control disease. Teaching children and their families to improve knowledge and control diabetes and metabolic diseases.ConclusionFamily centered care for children with diabetes requires family knowledge about care, training skills, building strong motivation for children with diabetes so that complications do not occur.
Lowered quality of life in Long COVID is strongly predicted by affective symptoms and chronic fatigue syndrome which are associated with inflammatory processes during the acute infectious phase and consequent neuroimmunotoxic pathways
Authors: Maes Michael , Al-Rubaye Haneen Tahseen , Almulla Abbas F. , Al-Hadrawi Dhurgham Shihab , Stoyanova Kristina , Kubera Marta , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe physio-affective phenome of Long COVID-19 is predicted by a) immune- inflammatory biomarkers of the acute infectious phase, including peak body temperature (PBT) and oxygen saturation (SpO2), and b) the subsequent activation of immune and oxidative stress pathways during Long COVID. The purpose of this study was to delineate the effects of PBT and SpO2 during acute infection, as well as increased neurotoxicity on the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in people with Long COVID. We recruited 86 participants with Long COVID and 39 normal controls, assessed the WHO-QoL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Abridged Version) and the physio-affective phenome of Long Covid (comprising depression, anxiety and fibromyalgia-fatigue rating scales) and measured PBT and SpO2 during acute infection, and neurotoxicity (NT, comprising serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1, advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxidase, calcium and insulin resistance) in Long COVID. We found that 70.3% of the variance in HR-QoL was explained by the regression on the physio-affective phenome, lowered calcium and increased NT, whilst 61.5% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome was explained by calcium, NT, increased PBT, lowered SpO2, female sex and vaccination with Astra-Zeneca and Pfizer. The effects of PBT and SpO2 on lowered HR-QoL were mediated by increased NT and lowered calcium yielding increased severity of the physio-affective phenome which largely affects HR- QoL. In conclusion, lowered HR-Qol in Long COVID is largely predicted by the severity of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways during acute and Long COVID.
Material deprivation is associated with neural resilience for late-life depression
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bijsterbosch Janine D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLate-life depression (LLD) is a major source of global morbidity and mortality, influenced by multiple risk factors. Yet, a major challenge is to quantify the degree of resilience or vulnerability to LLD at the individual level, which could offer neurobiological insight and ultimately inform future interventions and treatment. Here, applying a non-parametric regression model to the UK Biobank data (N=1,988), we quantified brain-based resilience and vulnerability to LLD and tested whether risk factors could explain individual differences in the estimated magnitude of such neural resilience and vulnerability. Our results show that social isolation was positively associated with the median magnitude of neural vulnerability whereas material deprivation was negatively associated with the greatest neural resilience (top 10 percentile). These results together highlight the importance of social interaction and access to sufficient resources and services in diminishing neural vulnerability and promoting neural resilience to LLD, respectively. Our findings therefore provide insights into preventive strategies for LLD, and thus are of importance for policy makers as well as the broader society.
A generalizable connectome-based marker of in-scan sustained attention in neurodiverse youth
Authors: Horien Corey , Greene Abigail S. , Shen Xilin , Fortes Diogo , Brennan-Wydra Emma , Banarjee Chitra , Foster Rachel , Donthireddy Veda , Butler Maureen , Powell Kelly , Vernetti Angelina , Mandino Francesca , O’Connor David , Lake Evelyn M. R. , McPartland James C. , Volkmar Fred R. , Chun Marvin , Chawarska Katarzyna , Rosenberg Monica D. , Scheinost Dustin , Constable R. Todd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifficulty with attention is an important symptom in many conditions in psychiatry, including neurodiverse conditions such as autism. There is a need to better understand the neurobiological correlates of attention and leverage these findings for individuals in healthcare settings. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if it is possible to build robust dimensional predictive models of attention in neurodiverse populations. Here, we use five datasets to identify and validate functional connectome-based markers of attention. In dataset one, we use connectome-based predictive modelling and observe successful prediction of performance on an in-scan sustained attention task in a neurodiverse sample of youth. The predictions are not driven by confounds, such as head motion. In dataset two, we find the attention network model defined in dataset one generalizes to predict in-scan attention in a separate sample of neurotypical participants performing the same attention task. In datasets three to five, we use connectome-based identification and longitudinal scans to probe the stability of the attention network across months to years in individual participants. Our results help elucidate the brain correlates of attention in neurodiverse youth and support the further development of predictive dimensional models of other clinically-relevant phenotypes.
“Intellect”, a Mobile Health Application based on cognitive-behavioral therapy principles, improves Anxiety and Worry: A Randomized Controlled Trial with an Active Control and a 2-Week Follow-Up
Authors: Kosasih Feodora Roxanne , Sing Yee Vanessa Tan , Yang Toh Sean Han , Suendermann Oliver 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDigital self-guided mobile health (mHealth) applications are cost-effective, accessible, and well-suited to improve mental health at scale. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of a recently developed mHealth programme based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) principles in improving worry. We also examined psychological mindedness (PM) as a mediator by which app engagement is thought to improve outcomes. The intervention group completed a 2-week “Anxiety and Worry” programme with daily CBT-informed activities, while the active waitlist-control completed a matched 2-week mHealth programme on procrastination. Participants filled out the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) at baseline, post-intervention and 2-week follow-up. App engagement was measured at post-intervention only. Both groups showed significant improvements on anxiety and depression scores from baseline to post-intervention, but no group differences were observed. From post-intervention to follow-up, only the intervention group showed further improvements for anxiety levels. Higher engagement with the mHealth app reported lower anxiety at post-intervention, and this relationship was fully mediated by psychological mindedness. This study provides evidence that (a) engaging in a CBT mHealth App can effectively reduce anxiety and worry, and (b) Psychological mindedness is a potential pathway by which engaging with a mHealthapp improves worry. While overall effect sizes were small, at the population level, these can make significant contributions to public mental health.Author SummaryIncreasing burden of anxiety amongst young adults has made widely accessible mobile health applications a promising tool in improving anxiety levels at scale. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (N=309) to examine the effectiveness of a brief, publicly available mobile health application (Intellect’s “Anxiety and Worry” programme) in reducing anxiety and worry levels among young adults. Participants who received the intervention showed significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels, however, effects did not significantly differ from active control. At post-intervention, only the intervention group continued to experience improvements in anxiety level. We also found that higher app engagement with the mHealth app predicted better anxiety and depression outcomes, and this relationship was fully mediated by psychological mindedness. Future work would benefit from inclusion of waitlist control, a larger sample size, and identification of alternative mediators.
Normative values for body surface gastric mapping evaluations of gastric motility using Gastric Alimetry: spectral analysis
Authors: Varghese Chris , Schamberg Gabriel , Calder Stefan , Waite Stephen , Carson Daniel , Foong Daphne , Wang William , Ho Vincent , Woodhead Jonathan , Daker Charlotte , Xu William , Du Peng , Abell Thomas L , Parkman Henry P. , Tack Jan , Andrews Christopher N. , O’Grady Gregory , Gharibans Armen A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionBody surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a new non-invasive test of gastric function. BSGM offers several novel and improved biomarkers of gastric function capable of differentiating patients with overlapping symptom-profiles. The aim of this study was to define normative reference intervals for BSGM spectral metrics in a population of healthy controls.MethodsBSGM was performed in healthy controls using Gastric Alimetry (Alimetry, New Zealand) comprising a stretchable high-resolution array (8×8 electrodes; 196 cm2), wearable Reader, and validated symptom-logging App. The evaluation encompassed a fasting baseline (30 min), 482 kCal meal, and 4-hr postprandial recording. Normative reference intervals were calculated for BSGM metrics including the Principal Gastric Frequency, Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA-RI; a measure of the concentration of power in the gastric frequency band over time), BMI-adjusted amplitude (µV), and fed:fasted amplitude ratio (ff-AR). Data are reported as median and reference interval (5thand/or 95thpercentiles).Results110 subjects (55% female, median age 32 (IQR 24 – 50), median BMI 23.8 kg/m2(IQR 21.4 – 26.9)) were included. The median Principal Gastric Frequency was 3.04 cpm; reference interval: 2.65 – 3.35 cpm. Median GA-RI was 0.50; reference interval: !0.25. Median BMI-adjusted amplitude was 37.6 µV; reference interval: 20-70 µV. The median ff-AR was 1.85; reference interval !1.08. Higher BMI was associated with a shorter meal-response duration (p=0.014).ConclusionsThis study provides normative reference intervals for BSGM spectral data that will be used in clinical practice to inform diagnostic interpretations of abnormal gastric function.
Detection of monkeypox viral DNA in a routine wastewater monitoring program
Authors: Wolfe Marlene K. , Duong Dorothea , Hughes Bridgette , Chan-Herur Vikram , White Bradley J. , Boehm Alexandria B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWastewater represents a composite biological sample from the entire contributing population. People infected with monkeypox excrete monkeypox virus DNA via skin lesions, saliva, feces and urine and these can enter the wastewater via toilets, sinks, and shower drains. To test whether monkeypox can be detected and monitored in wastewater during a period when publicly reported monkey cases in the region were increasing, we deployed digital PCR assays that target genomic DNA from the monkeypox virus in our routine, ongoing wastewater surveillance program in the Greater Bay Area of California, USA. We measured monkeypox virus DNA daily in settled solids samples from nine wastewater plants over the period of approximately 4 weeks. During that period, we detected monkeypox virus DNA in wastewater solids at nearly all the wastewater plants we routinely sample. Frequency of occurrence and concentrations were highest at plants serving San Francisco County. To confirm the presence of monkeypox DNA, we used two assays that target distinct sequences on the monkeypox genome on a subset of samples and results from both assays were in close agreement strongly suggesting true positives in the wastewater. Additionally, we show that concentrations of monkeypox DNA is 103 times higher in the solid fraction compared to the liquid fraction of wastewater on a mass-equivalent basis.