bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and reliability of the Functional Movement Screen battery in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Sanchez‐Lastra M.A. , Moldes J. Marín , Diz J.C. , Martínez‐Lemos R.I. , Ayán C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe feasibility and reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) battery for predicting injury risk have been widely studied in athletic, military, public service and healthy populations. However, scant research has been carried out in people with disabilities. This study aimed at identifying the feasibility and reliability of the FMS battery when administered to adults with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsAdults from a residential and day care centre over 18 years of age, diagnosed with ID and able to follow simple instructions, were included in the study. All participants with behavioural or health problems that prevented the completion of the FMS battery were excluded. All exercises were video recorded to assure proper scoring. Three assessors (one trained and two novices) scored each of the FMS subtests performed separately from the videos. Feasibility was based on completion rates. Reliability of the composite test scores was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsA total of 30 people with ID (mean age: 35.5 ± 7.12 years; 33.3% women) completed all assessments. The battery showed to be feasible, although difficulties when performing two of the subtests were observed among those with moderate and severe ID. Mean total scores from the three assessors ranged from 7.83 to 8.90. An inverse trend was observed indicating that the higher the ID level, the lower the total FMS score. Test–retest reliability was good for the trained assessor (ICC = 0.89) and mostly moderate for both novice assessors (ICC range: 0.60 to 0.76). Moderate to good inter‐rater reliability was observed (ICC range: 0.65 to 0.80).ConclusionThe FMS battery is a reliable tool that can be performed by people with ID, albeit with certain difficulties, especially in those with moderate to severe impairment. The battery does not seem to be useful for identifying people with ID at risk of suffering a sport injury. Adequately powered, well‐designed studies are required to determine if the FMS battery is appropriate for identifying changes in functional performance in this population.
Anatomy of the heart with the highest heart rate
Authors: Chang Yun Hee , Sheftel Boris I. , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShrews occupy the lower extreme of the seven orders of magnitude mammals range in size. Their hearts are large relative to body weight and heart rate can exceed a thousand beats a minute. It is not known whether traits typical of mammal hearts scale to these extremes. We assessed the heart of three species of shrew (genus Sorex) following the sequential segmental analysis developed for human hearts. Using micro‐computed tomography, we describe the overall structure and find, in agreement with previous studies, a large and elongate ventricle. The atrial and ventricular septums and the atrioventricular (AV) and arterial valves are typically mammalian. The ventricular walls comprise mostly compact myocardium and especially the right ventricle has few trabeculations on the luminal side. A developmental process of compaction is thought to reduce trabeculations in mammals, but in embryonic shrews the volume of trabeculations increase for every gestational stage, only slower than the compact volume. By expression of Hcn4, we identify a sinus node and an AV conduction axis which is continuous with the ventricular septal crest. Outstanding traits include pulmonary venous sleeve myocardium that reaches farther into the lungs than in any other mammals. Typical proportions of coronary arteries‐to‐aorta do not scale and the shrew coronary arteries are proportionally enormous, presumably to avoid the high resistance to blood flow of narrow vessels. In conclusion, most cardiac traits do scale to the miniscule shrews. The shrew heart, nevertheless, stands out by its relative size, elongation, proportionally large coronary vessels, and extent of pulmonary venous myocardium.
The subjectively perceived injectability as an early indicator for adverse events?
Authors: Alfertshofer Michael G. , Sattler Gerhard , Frank Konstantin , Melnikov Dimitry V. , Freytag Lysander , Mercado‐Perez Arnaldo , Hargiss John B. , Dumbrava Mihai , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith an increasing demand of aesthetic soft‐tissue filler treatments, the occurrence of adverse events rises likewise. An optimized injection algorithm adapted to product characteristics (eg, rheology) of the soft‐tissue filler is crucial in order to ensure satisfying clinical outcomes and high patient safety.ObjectiveTo identify a subjective feedback mechanism for the avoidance of adverse events after soft‐tissue filler injection procedures.MethodsA retrospective data analysis of n = 387 aesthetic treatments performed on n = 291 patients (4 males, 287 females) with different soft‐tissue fillers with regard to loss of volume (filling effect), injected layer, injectability (“ease of injection”), injected volume, and injection technique was conducted.ResultsThe subjectively perceived injectability during the injection process was statistically significantly related to G‐Prime value with rs = 0.101 with p = 0.048, indicating an increased difficulty while injecting products with higher G‐Prime. The occurrence of adverse events was also statistically significantly related to the injectability: injections with increased subjectively perceived difficulty showed increasing odds of developing adverse events by OR 0.157 with p = 0.002.ConclusionInjections that were subjectively more difficult to perform are more likely to develop adverse events. Respecting the layered arrangement of the face, the recommended and approved depth and facial region for each specific treatment enable practitioners to achieve satisfying outcomes while keeping the rate of adverse events low.
Do Equity Markets Care about Income Inequality? Evidence from Pay Ratio Disclosure
Authors: PAN YIHUI , PIKULINA ELENA S. , SIEGEL STEPHAN , WANG TRACY YUE 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine equity markets’ reaction to the first‐time disclosure of the CEO‐worker pay ratio by U.S. public companies in 2018. We find that firms disclosing higher pay ratios experience significantly lower abnormal announcement returns. Firms whose shareholders are more inequality‐averse experience a more negative market response to high pay ratios. Furthermore, during 2018 more inequality‐averse investors rebalance their portfolios away from stocks with a high pay ratio relative to other investors. Our results suggest that equity markets are concerned about high within‐firm pay dispersion, and investors’ inequality aversion is a channel through which high pay ratios negatively affect firm value.
The anti‐LGBTIQ campaign in Poland: The established, the outsiders, and the legal performance of exclusion
Authors: Bucholc Marta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince Spring 2019, over 90 local communities in Poland adopted resolutions expressing their rejection of “LGBT ideology.” Based on a content analysis of these resolutions, I show how local lawmaking was used in this case to create and reinforce the social division between the heteronormative majority and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, and Queer people. In the “anti‐LGBT resolutions,” majoritarian identities are territorialized by way of a construction of moralized social spaces designed to cast out the minority. Drawing on concepts proposed by Norbert Elias and John L. Scotson, I demonstrate the efficiency of law in the performance of exclusion in three dimensions: institutional, symbolic, and proxemic.
Common variant p.D19H of the hepatobiliary sterol transporter ABCG8 increases the risk of gallstones in children
Authors: Krawczyk Marcin , Niewiadomska Olga , Jankowska Irena , Jankowski Krzysztof , Więckowski Sebastian , Lebensztejn Dariusz , Więcek Sabina , Gozdowska Jolanta , Kułaga Zbigniew , Weber Susanne N. , Lütjohann Dieter , Lammert Frank , Socha Piotr 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionGallstones are increasingly common in children. Genetic analyses of adult cohorts demonstrated that the sterol transporter ABCG8 p.D19H and Gilbert UGT1A1*28 variants enhance the odds of developing gallstones. The genetic background of common lithiasis in children remains unknown.MethodsOverall, 214 children with gallstone disease (1 month–17 years, 107 boys) were inclueded. The control cohorts comprised 214 children (age 6–17 years, 115 boys) and 172 adults (age 40–92 years, 70 men) without gallstones. The ABCG8 p.D19H and UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms as well as ABCB4 (c.504C>T rs1202283, c.711A>T rs2109505) and NPC1L1 variants (p.V1296V rs217434, c.−18C>A rs41279633) were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Serum concentrations of plant sterols and cholesterol precursors were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.ResultsThe ABCG8 risk allele was associated with an increased risk of stones (OR = 1.82, p = .03). Children carrying the p.19H allele presented with lower serum concentrations of surrogate markers of intestinal cholesterol absorption and decreased ratios of phytosterols to the cholesterol precursor desmosterol. Carriers of the common NPC1L1 rs217434 allele had an increased gallstone risk compared with stone‐free adults (OR 1.90, p < .01). This variant also affected the ratio of phytosterols to cholesterol precursors (p = .03). Other tested variants were not associated with gallstone risk.ConclusionsThe p.D19H ABCG8 and, to a lesser extent, NPC1L1 rs217434 variants increase the risk of early‐onset gallstone formation. These results point to the presence of a common lithogenic pathway in children and adults.
Provision of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements does not improve intestinal health among rural Malawian children
Authors: Liu Zhifei , Ashorn Ulla , Chingwanda Chilungamo , Maleta Kenneth , Hallamaa Lotta , Matchado Andrew , Kortekangas Emma , Dewey Kathryn G , Ashorn Per , Fan Yue‐Mei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) have been found to improve child growth and reduce child mortality. However, the mechanistic pathways for these improvements warrant exploration. One potential pathway is linked to improvement in intestinal health. Our study aimed to test a hypothesis that small‐quantity LNS (SQ‐LNS) could reduce the levels of intestinal inflammation, repair and permeability of children. As intestinal health markers we measured fecal calprotectin, regenerating 1B protein (REG1B) and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin concentrations at 18 months of age (after 12 months of supplementation) and 1 year later (12 months after cessation of supplementation). In this analysis, we included data of 735 children who participated in a randomised dietary supplementation trial in rural Malawi; 243 children who received 20 g/day SQ‐LNS from 6 to 18 months of age were in the SQ‐LNS group, while the others who received no dietary supplementation during this period were in the control group. At 18 months of age, the mean concentrations of calprotectin, REG1B and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin were 241, 105 µg/g and 7.1 mg/dl, respectively, in the SQ‐LNS group, and 224, 105 µg/g and 7.4 mg/dl, respectively, in the control group, and did not differ between the SQ‐LNS and control groups. We conclude that SQ‐LNS provision did not have an impact on children's intestinal health in rural Malawi.
Implementation strategies for high‐performance health care simulation centres: A multicentre exploratory case study in China
Authors: Yan Aihua , Li Li , Lv Jianping , Mirchandani Dinesh A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe number of health care simulation centres (HSCs) in mainland China has increased exponentially recently. However, the performance of these centres varies significantly between hospitals. The aim of this study is to address two research questions: (i) what are the critical factors for implementing high‐performance HSCs and (ii) how are these critical factors used in the development of implementation strategies to achieve satisfactory performance?MethodsFollowing a literature review on information technology (IT) implementation, we identified a framework comprising four key dimensions for HSCs implementation: technology, organisation, environment and individuals. This TOEI (technology‐organisation‐environment‐individual) framework was then used as a basis for a multicentre case study through which data collection and analysis proceeded. We collected 12 one‐to‐one in‐depth interviews alongside secondary data from six high‐performance HSCs in mainland China.ResultsOur study identifies critical TOEI factors that collectively influence HSC implementation performance and major activities at the six high‐performance HSCs. Three strategies for implementing high‐performance HSCs are also identified: facility management platform, education and training centre and innovation centre.ConclusionsHSC implementation is an holistic approach. The critical TOEI factors collectively build a foundation for centre activities. An HSC's implementation strategy highly relies on organisational strategic goals. Additionally, HSCs in mainland China face some common challenges such as faculty retention and future opportunities such as expanding the research scope. Our study also provides insights for hospital leadership, medical associations and policymakers.
Types of social activities associated with fewer insomnia symptoms and the mediating role of loneliness in older adults
Authors: Kim Da Eun , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA positive association has been known to exist between social activity engagements and fewer insomnia symptoms in later life. However, little is known about which social activities are associated with insomnia symptoms. Investigating mediating factors in this relationship may contribute to developing effective strategies for the reduction of sleep complaints in older adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of loneliness on the relationship between engagement in different social activities and insomnia symptoms.MethodsWe used secondary data from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study. The study sample included 3236 older adults who responded to a survey on social activity engagement, insomnia symptoms, and loneliness. After adjusting for covariates, simple mediation analyses were performed with bootstrapping to identify the mediating role.ResultsAmong the several types of social activities, higher levels of engagement in educational courses and community arts group had a significant and direct relationship with fewer insomnia symptoms in older adults. Mediation analyses confirmed the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between these specific social activity engagements and insomnia symptoms.ConclusionThese findings provide new evidence for associations among social activity, loneliness, and insomnia symptoms in older adults.
An integrative model for neural dynamics of feature selection in visual object processing: An explorative study
Authors: Hartjen Berit , Müller Matthias M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjects and features represent fundamental selection units of visual attention. The associated mechanisms, however, had been mostly explored in isolation. Not least for this reason, apparently contradictory theories persist about feature selection in visual object processing. Our previous study demonstrated the time‐dependent nature of this process. In the present explorative study, we used electroencephalographic recordings to examine feature‐specific selection during the time course of object processing. For this, we analyzed the feature‐specific selection negativities (SNs), i.e., the SNs when human subjects attended to or ignored one (color or shape) relative to attending to all (color and shape) constituent features of an object (a square). We found that the feature‐specific SN amplitude of the task‐relevant feature was significantly decreased in a time bin from 500 to 850 ms after trial onset in comparison to an earlier (100–450 ms) and a later time bin (900–1250 ms). Whereas, the feature‐specific SN amplitude of the task‐irrelevant feature was firstly positive, indicating no specific selection of this feature, and secondly, it marginally increased from the first to the second time bin. This leads to the proposed integrative model, which indicates that sustained feature‐specific prioritization only emerges over time, this process consisting of three phases: after initial selection of the relevant feature and inhibition of the irrelevant feature (first time bin), further inhibition of the irrelevant feature is accompanied by co‐inhibition of the relevant feature, causing prioritization to decline (second time bin), before the relevant feature eventually regains priority by being facilitated again (third time bin).
Influence of age on resistance to distraction after tracheal anastomoses in dogs: An ex vivo study
Authors: Brisimi Nikoletta G. , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. , Terzopoulou Zoe , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Polymerou Nikolaos D. , Bikiaris Dimitrios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of age on the ability of tracheal anastomoses to sustain distraction in dogs.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationCadaveric canine tracheae (n = 16).MethodsTracheae were harvested from the cadavers of 8 immature and 8 adult dogs. Each trachea underwent end‐to‐end annular ligament anastomosis with a simple continuous pattern with 2‐0 polypropylene on a taper cut needle. The constructs were tested to failure in distraction, with a tensiometer set at a drop head speed of 50 mm/min, as determined by preliminary testing. Failure was defined by tissue pullthrough or suture material failure. The force and elongation at failure were compared between age groups.ResultsThe median age was 5.5 months (4‐7.5 months) in immature dogs and 8.25 years in adult dogs (2‐18 years) Tracheal anastomoses failed at lower forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) but sustained more elongation (39.75 ± 5.45%) in immature dogs than in adult dogs (149.31 ± 45.36 N, P = .007 and 30.57 ± 7.19%, P = .0012, respectively). Tissue apposition was not achieved in 4 specimens each in immature and adult dogs, respectively.ConclusionsThe technique used for tracheal anastomoses in this study failed at lower loads but sustained more elongation when performed in immature dogs.Clinical significanceImmature dogs may be able to withstand longer tracheal resection than adult dogs but reinforcement techniques seem mandatory to improve resistance to tension. Alternative anastomosis techniques should be considered to improve tissue apposition.
School-based interventions to improve health literacy of senior high school students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: de Albuquerque Julia Vajda , Chen Yan , Moir Fiona , Henning Marcus 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to map the details of school-based interventions used to improve health literacy of senior high school students.

Introduction:
The global prevalence of poor adult health literacy is caused, in part, by limited health education in secondary schools. Enhancing adolescent health literacy could potentially improve adult health literacy, health behavior, and health outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies investigating school-based interventions to improve health literacy of senior high school students, regardless of design, characteristics, and assessment tools, will be eligible for inclusion. Studies that provide combined data (senior high school students mixed with other students) or have a compulsory component outside of school will be excluded.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest Education Journals, Education Research Complete, SAGE Journals, and Index New Zealand will be searched for journal articles published in English since 1998. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for eligibility, retrieve potentially relevant papers in full, and extract data from included studies. A third reviewer will resolve any disagreements. Quantitative analysis (eg, frequency analysis) will indicate geographic region of studies, design and targeted population (school grade of study participants); the mode of delivery (extracurricular or during school hours, implemented by teachers or other professionals), duration, and health literacy model anddomainoftheinterventions. Descriptive qualitative content analysis will be used to summarize, code and classify key characteristics of the interventions (eg, teaching models and strategies, content, and related skills) and main outcomes related to health literacy into meaningful categories.
Design of a Self-Balancing Vehicle As a Test Rig for Safety Control Strategies Investigations
Authors: Righettini Paolo , Strada Roberto , Santinelli Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present paper is related to a research activity concerning self-balancing vehicles, with particular reference to the interaction between driver and vehicle’s dynamics, at the aim to investigate safety management and strategies. In particular, the design process of a self-balancing vehicle with the target to be used as a test rig for safety investigations is presented. Besides the definition of the mechanical configuration, the design process includes also the choice of the motor/transmission unit, the design of the control system and the design of sensors related to vehicle/driver interaction. For design purposes, a simplified two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) planar model has been considered with the driver fixed to the vehicle chassis. In order to test the suitability of the designed vehicle for safety investigations, a multibody model of the vehicle designed and of a driver with three driven joints is also presented. Such model allows to simulate the interaction between human (driver) and machine (vehicle), taking into consideration also the coupling between longitudinal motion and turn, and the presence of tires between vehicle and ground. By means of co-simulations between the multibody model (developed with adams) and the controller (modeled with matlab/simulink), tests have been performed showing the possibility to detect influence of the driver’s behavior on the vehicle’s dynamics.
Influence of 650 °C Thermal Aging on Microstructure and Creep–Fatigue Behaviors of P92 Steel
Authors: Mao Jianfeng , Zhu Jian , Wang Dasheng , Zhong Fengping , Chen Jichang , Zhou Qiang , Bao Shiyi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, P92 steel was subjected to thermal aging treatment at 650 °C for 800 h, and then basic mechanical and creep–fatigue test was performed. The creep–fatigue cycle response trend is consistent before and after aging. Subsequently, microscopic observation shows that P92 steel after aging still has typical lamellar martensite and prior austenite grains. The thermal aging of 650 °C resulted in more precipitates of martensite lath, obvious lath boundary, coarsening of martensite lath, and decreased dislocation density. Furthermore, thermal aging results in the increase of precipitates (Laves phase) and martensite width of P92 steel. The fine Laves phase located on the grain boundary can effectively nail the grain boundary and play the role of precipitation strengthening. Besides, the Laves phase located on the dislocation has the effect of diffusion strengthening, which prevents dislocation slip and improves the creep–fatigue resistance of P92 steel. Finally, four creep–fatigue life model parameters of aging P92 steel were obtained according to the test, including strain range partitioning (SRP), strain energy partitioning (SEP), frequency separation life model (FSL), and strain energy density exhaustion model (SEDE). The prediction results of the four models fall within the double tolerance zone. The SRP and SEP are found to be conservative, while the FSL and SEDE are recommended herein due to their suitability of predicting creep–fatigue life of aging P92 steel.