bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITGB4 deficiency induces DNA damage by downregulating HDAC1 in airway epithelial cells under stress stimulation
Authors: Xu Kun , Yao Ye , Liu Huijun , Yang Ming , Yuan Lin , Du Xizi , Yang Yu , Qin Ling , Wang Weijie , Zhou Kai , Wu Xinyu , Liu Chi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDNA damage in airway epithelia under exogenous disruptors can trigger various pulmonary diseases. Integrin beta 4 (ITGB4) is a structural adhesion molecule, which is indicated to regulate the process of DNA damage in airway epithelia for its unique long cytoplasmic domain subunit.MethodsThe expression level of ITGB4 and the degree of DNA damage were observed in the house dust mite (HDM)‐stressed model and ozone‐challenged model, respectively. Besides, ITGB4 conditional knockout mice and ITGB4‐deficient airway epithelial cells were constructed to observe the influence of ITGB4 deficiency on DNA damage. Furthermore, the influence of ITGB4 deficiency on HDAC1 expression in airway epithelia was determined under stress stimulation. Finally, corresponding intervention strategies were carried out to verify the involvement of the ITGB4‐mediated HDAC1 pathway in DNA damage of airway epithelial cells.ResultsHDM stress and ozone challenge reduced the expression of ITGB4, which is accompanied by the increased expression of 8‐oxoG and γ‐H2AX both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, ITGB4 deficiency in airway epithelia aggravates the degree of DNA damage under HDM stimulation and ozone stress, respectively. Furthermore, ITGB4 deficiency downregulated the expression of HDAC1 during DNA damage, and restoring HDAC1 can reverse the enhanced DNA damage in airway epithelial cells after exogenous stress.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the involvement of ITGB4 in the regulation of DNA damage through mediating HDAC1 in airway epithelial cells under exogenous stress. These results supply some useful insights into the mechanism of DNA damage in airway epithelial cells, which would provide possible targets for early prediction and intervention of pulmonary diseases.
Predictors of psychological distress during self‐isolation
Authors: Kent Jessica N. , Kilby Christopher J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesGlobal pandemics, such as the current COVID‐19 pandemic, are predicted to increase in prevalence in the future. Transmission suppression techniques such as social distancing and stay‐at‐home restrictions have introduced an abundance of additional stressors while simultaneously reducing our capacity to cope with stress, thus increasing the collective burden of the pandemic. Numerous psychosocial factors have been identified to protect against distress in difficult circumstances. However, it is unknown whether these factors will continue to be protective in the pandemic context.DesignThe aim of the current study was to determine whether locus of control (LOC), coping style or self‐compassion were debilitating or protective factors towards psychological well‐being (depression, anxiety, stress and positive and negative affect) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn the current study, Australian adults (N = 176) completed a longitudinal online survey (two time points, 2 weeks apart) incorporating measures of demographics, locus of control, coping, self‐compassion (measured at T1), depression, anxiety, stress and positive and negative affect (measured at T1 and T2) throughout June–August 2020, during the height of lockdown in Australia.ResultsMultiple regression analyses suggested that avoidant coping was predictive of increases in stress and negative affect across time points. Additionally, self‐compassion was predictive of increased positive affect across time points.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the pandemic context represents a unique stressor, demanding a distinctive set of strategies and psychosocial characteristics to cope. Interventions targeted at reducing avoidant coping behaviours and promoting self‐compassion may contribute to improvements in psychological well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as future pandemics.
Seasonal variation in effect of anti‐PD‐1 initiation on overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Ellebaek Eva , Schina Aimilia , Schmidt Henrik , Haslund Charlotte Aaquist , Bastholt Lars , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMelanoma is a highly immunogenic cancer, and circannual rhythms influence the activity of the immune system. We retrospectively collected information on all cases with metastatic melanoma (ocular melanoma excluded) that initiated treatment with BRAF‐inhibitor‐based therapy (BRAFi) or anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy (PD‐1). Cases were divided in two groups based on treatment initiation in the summer half‐year (April to September) or winter half‐year (October to March). We collected a total of 1054 (BRAF‐i) and 1205 (PD‐1) patient cases. Median follow‐up was 39.7 (BRAFi) and 47.5 (PD‐1) months. We did not observe differences in outcomes across patients who were treated in summer versus winter in the BRAFi cohort. Furthermore, we did not observe significant differences in ORR, CRR, and PFS in the PD‐1 cohort. However, in patients with BRAF wild‐type disease of the PD‐1 cohort, treatment initiation in summer was associated with an improved OS (mOS 39.7 months [summer] versus 21.3 months [winter]; HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.86, p = .0007). This result remained robust to multivariable proportional hazards adjustment (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.87, p = .001). Initiation of immunotherapy in summer is associated with prolonged survival in patients with BRAF wild‐type melanoma living in Denmark.
Mydriasis and anisocoria in a pediatric hyperhidrosis patient with interesting findings in the family cat
Authors: Sandhu Mandeep , Eisenstein Kimberly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHere, we report a case of unilateral ocular mydriasis in a pediatric patient with longstanding hyperhidrosis, as well as similar findings in her cat. The patient had been undergoing treatment of her hyperhidrosis with topical glycopyrrolate. This case highlights the potential side effect profile of topical antimuscarinics and the importance of counseling patients on proper precautions.
Female donor hearts can improve survival for male pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Greenberg Jason W. , Moore Ryan A. , Kulshrestha Kevin , Lorts Angela , Perry Tanya , Huang Bin , Chen Chen , Morales David L. S. , Zafar Farhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth gender‐ and weight‐matching between donor and recipient are thought to impact survival in pediatric heart transplantation, with clinical dogma holding that male donor hearts and “ideal” weight‐matching yield superior survival. The composite impacts of gender and weight on post‐transplant survival (PTS) are understudied.MethodsAll pediatric (age <18) heart recipients between 1989 and 2021 with the complete recipient and donor gender and weight data were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Patients were grouped by recipient–donor gender (M & F) and donor‐to‐recipient weight ratio (DRWR; undersized [<0.8], ideal‐sized [0.8–1.5], oversized [>1.5]).ResultsA total of 10 697 patients were identified. Among male recipients, PTS was greatest with oversized DRWR from either male or female donors (median 22.4 and 20.6 years; p < .001 vs. others) and lowest for undersized DRWR from either male or female donors (median 13.4 and 13.2 years; p < .001 vs. others). The majority (64%) of male recipients received ideal‐sized DRWR, among which female donor hearts yielded superior survival to males (median 18.9 vs. 17.4 years, p = .014). No differences in PTS existed for female recipients on the basis of gender‐match, DRWR, and gender/DRWR together (all p > .1).ConclusionsWhen considered together, gender and DRWR pairings impact PTS in male—but not female—pediatric heart transplant recipients. For males receiving ideal‐sized DRWR organs (most common pairing, >60%), male recipients achieve superior survival when female donor hearts are transplanted. These findings suggest that if weight is being used for size‐matching, donor gender should also be considered, particularly for male recipients.
Knowing failably and Moorean assertions
Authors: Hetherington Stephen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKnowledge‐fallibilism is a species of a genus that I call knowledge‐failabilism. Each is a theory of knowledge's nature. One apparent challenge to knowledge‐failabilism's truth is theprima facieabsurdity of Moorean assertions like ‘It's raining but I do not believe that it is.’ Does each such assertion convey an implicit and unfortunate contrast, even a contradiction? I argue that thisUntenable Contrast analysisfails: no such contrast is present within the speaker's perspective at the pertinent time.
Genetic variants in 5′UTR and exonic region of NPY gene alter the reproduction performance in Indian cattle breeds
Authors: Singh Umesh , Alex Rani , Chaudhary Ayushi , Deb Rajib , Raja Thiruvothur Venketesan , Rathod Bharatsingh , Savaliya Bhagavanji Dayabhai , Kumar Sushil , Das Achintya Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent orexigenic factors which can produce diverse effects on behaviour and other physiological functions and is highly conserved in evolution. The present study was aimed to identify and associate SNPs in the 5′ UTR and exon2 region of the NPY gene with reproduction and production traits in Kankrej cattle of Indian origin. Three mutations in the 5′‐UTR region and one mutation in the exon2 region of the NPY gene were identified by PCR‐SSCP and PCR‐RFLP, respectively, followed by sequencing. Further, association studies were conducted with reproduction and production traits in Kankrej cattle. The GACCGA genotyped animals based on the 5′UTR variants indicated better dry period and calving interval, whereas with GGCCGG genotypes showed higher total lactation milk yield and 305‐day milk yield in comparison to other genotypes. Also, service period and inter calving period varied significantly among the genotypes of exon2, as the GG genotyped animals had significantly longer calving interval. Other traits like age at first heat, age at first service and age at first calving were not affected by the mutations. So, the present study outlined that the bovine NPY gene may be considered to be one of the candidate gene for improvement of reproductive performance of cattle, after validation on large sample size.
Disentangling the diversity of small farm business models in Euro‐Mediterranean contexts: A resilience perspective
Authors: Prosperi Paolo , Galli Francesca , Moreno‐Pérez Olga M. , Chiffoleau Yuna , Grando Stefano , Karanikolas Pavlos , Rivera Maria , Goussios Giannis , Pinto‐Correia Teresa , Brunori Gianluca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith growing concern for the unsustainability of food systems, the international research community has turned its attention to small farms as key actors to potentially face the global food crisis. This study aims to support a policy design that values the diversity of small farms business models vis‐à‐vis environmental, economic, social and institutional challenges affecting European farming systems. Building on the existing classification of five small farm types in the EU, our analysis targets the business model dynamics of small farms in four Euro‐Mediterranean countries: Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. For this analysis, we applied resilience thinking to the Business Model Canvas framework. This innovative conceptual framework allows us to depict the architecture of small farms business models and their role in farming systems. The diversity of small farms business models and their continuous adaptation to changing conditions allows for the identification of a strongly heterogeneous assemblage of farms that contribute to the resilience of food systems at local, regional and multiple other scales.
Congress report: Online workshop on assessment of technical files for blood screening in vitro diagnostics for sub‐Sahara African countries
Authors: Mbunkah Herbert A. , Kafere Chancelar , Samukange Washington , Nübling Micha , Reinhardt Jens 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe online workshop on IVD regulation was performed to broaden the understanding of the technical documentation needed for IVD licensing and the strategies to asses it.BackgroundTesting of blood donors and donations significantly reduces the risk of transmitting transfusion‐transmissible infections. Many test systems are commercially available, but not all meet the recommended sensitivity and specificity standards. Many African countries either lack functional structures for the regulation of IVDs this poses a threat to the quality of the blood supply.Materialsand MethodsThe Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut BloodTrain organised an online workshop in September 2021 to introduce staff from several National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) in Africa to the regulation of IVD and the technical information that need to be provided by the manufacturers of blood screening IVD. Their evaluation was trained in practical exercises.ResultsThis online workshop brought together over hundred participants from NRAs of 12 African countries. Speakers from PEI, Blood Train, WHO and academia, with experience in IVD regulation trained participants in the various topics addressed during this workshop.ConclusionsThis workshop presented a great starting point for most participating NRAs to set up and/or strengthen their regulatory structures for IVDs.
Evaluation of faecal lactoferrin as a morbidity biomarker in Schistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: Elhadad Heba , Mohamed Mostafa A. , Mohamed Marwa Morsy , Abdo Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveLactoferrin is an 80 KDa iron‐binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the innate immune system and is considered to be an important microbicide molecule. This study aimed to assess the concentration of lactoferrin in Schistosoma mansoni‐infected cases before and after praziquantel treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out on 250 individuals aged from 5 to 30 years. Stool samples were examined for the presence of parasitic infections using Kato‐Katz and formalin ethyl acetate techniques. All S. mansoni‐positive cases were treated with praziquantel and stool samples were recollected 21 days later. Faecal lactoferrin level was determined before and after treatment.ResultsThe prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 14.4%. Among 36 participants infected with S. mansoni, the cure rate was 91.7%. A statistically significant difference in the mean lactoferrin level before and after treatment was detected (1648.95 pg/ml ± 656.5 vs. 1162.8 pg/ml ± 356.8). This difference was statistically significant in the middle and older age groups, in males and in the absence of coinfection with other parasites.ConclusionLactoferrin could be a promising biomarker associated with S. mansoni infection, however, it could not be used to assess the severity of infection.
Investigation of Gradient Platinum Loading and Porosity Distribution for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Mousa Hassan , Xing Lei , Das Prodip K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are in development as a low-cost alternative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). AEMFCs produce water at the anode side and consume it at the cathode side, resulting in no cathode water flooding like in PEMFCs. However, it brings complexity to water transportation behavior and requires appropriate water balance to avoid membrane drying out. In this study, a two-dimensional two-phase multi-physics model has been developed to investigate the impacts of three key electrode parameters (porosity, catalyst loading, and ionomer content) that are responsible for water production and transport as well as the performance of an AEMFC. A piecewise constant function along the x-direction (reactant diffusion direction) is used to apply the gradient on the porosity and platinum loading. The present results show that a larger porosity gradient near the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL)/flow channel interface and lower near the GDL/microporous layer (MPL) interface can enhance mass transport and water removal, which is benefited the AEMFC performance. However, anode GDL porosity gradients show a lower AEMFC performance compared to the cathode porosity gradients. Moreover, it was confirmed that for both electrodes, the performance of AEMFC was significantly dependent on each electrode parameter.
HFE7500 Coolant Dielectric Strength Augmentation Under Convective Conditions
Authors: Iradukunda Ange Christian , Huitink David , Kayijuka Kevin , Gebrael Tarek , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Power densification and rising module heat losses cannot be managed by traditional “external-to-case” cooling solutions. This is especially pronounced in high voltage systems, where intervening layers of insulating material between the power devices and cooling solution need to be sufficiently thick to provide adequate voltage isolation. As operating voltages increase, the required thicknesses for these insulating layers become so large that they limit the ability to extract the heat. A direct cooling approach that addresses voltage separation issues represents a unique opportunity to deliver coolant to the hottest regions, while opening up the opportunity for increased scaling of power electronics modules. However technical concerns about long-term performance of coolants and their voltage isolation characteristics coupled with integration challenges impede adoption. Here, the reliability and performance of a dielectric fluid of the hydrofluoroether type, HFE7500, are examined to advance the feasibility of a direct cooling approach for improved thermal management of high-voltage, high-power module. The breakdown voltage of the dielectric fluid is characterized through relevant temperatures, flow rates, and electric fields with the ultimate goal of developing design rules for direct integrated cooling schemes.
Differences in Muscle Demand and Joint Contact Forces Between Running and Skipping
Authors: Roelker Sarah A. , DeVita Paul , Willson John D. , Neptune Richard R. 
Published: October 2022

Skipping has been proposed as a viable cross-training exercise to running due to its lower knee contact forces and higher whole-body energy expenditure. However, how individual muscle forces, energy expenditure, and joint loading are affected by differences in running and skipping mechanics remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare individual muscle forces, energy expenditure, and lower extremity joint contact forces between running and skipping using musculoskeletal modeling and simulations of young adults (n = 5) performing running and skipping at 2.5 m·s−1 on an instrumented treadmill. In agreement with previous work, running had greater knee and patella contact forces than skipping which was accompanied by greater knee extensor energetic demand. Conversely, skipping had greater ankle contact forces and required greater energetic demand from the uniarticular ankle plantarflexors. There were no differences in hip contact forces between gaits. These findings further support skipping as a viable alternative to running if the primary goal is to reduce joint loading at the commonly injured patellofemoral joint. However, for those with ankle injuries, skipping may not be a viable alternative due to the increased ankle loads. These findings may help clinicians prescribe activities most appropriate for a patient’s individual training or rehabilitation goals.
Formation of the Green Mountain anticlinorium in northern Vermont at ca. 420 Ma
Authors: Tam* Evan , Webb Laura E. , Aiken Cheyne , Kim Jonathan , Klepeis Keith 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The Appalachian Mountains in northern Vermont host a complex rock record of the tectonic evolution of eastern Laurentia, from the opening of the Iapetus Ocean to the subsequent formation of a convergent Paleozoic margin involving multiple phases of orogenesis. Prior 40Ar/39Ar studies in Vermont and northern Massachusetts have generally interpreted two major events associated with a dominantly Ordovician Taconic orogeny and a Devonian Acadian orogeny; intermediate ages were considered to reflect Taconic metamorphism and/or deformation that was “partially reset” during the Acadian orogeny. However, recent studies have documented Salinic ages in northern Vermont, aligning with multiple lines of evidence in southern Quebec for an intervening Salinic orogeny during the Silurian.
This study reports integrated microstructural and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological analyses of samples collected across the Green Mountain anticlinorium in northern Vermont. The dominant S2 and S3 foliations are defined in thin section by predominantly white mica/quartz microlithons and aligned mica cleavage domains in schist to graphitic schist that formed under greenschist-facies conditions. Correlation of microstructures across the field area and associated 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages reveal a spatial pattern associated with microstructural development across the anticlinorium. In the eastern limb, the oldest plateau age, 457.6 ± 2.0 Ma (1σ), is interpreted to reflect the timing of formation of S2. The youngest plateau age, 419.0 ± 2.4 Ma, comes from the western limb of the anticline near the trace of the Honey Hollow fault, where S2 is completely transposed by S3. Intermediate ages were obtained across the axis of the anticline, where S3 is a crenulation cleavage. While the Green Mountain anticlinorium has been previously interpreted to have formed in the Devonian during the Acadian orogeny, the typical ca. 386–355 Ma ages are notably absent in the data set, except in locally disturbed spectra.
The results of this work are closely aligned with published results of 40Ar/39Ar dating in southern Quebec that reflect deformation during Taconic and Salinic orogenesis. These new data, together with recently reported ages of west-directed transport on Taconic thrusts along the western Green Mountain front at ca. 420 Ma, suggest a phase of mountain building in the New England Appalachians that has been previously unreported in Vermont. The formation of the Green Mountain anticlinorium coincided with a complex tectonic interval that overlapped temporally with (1) the transition from Salinic thrusting to normal faulting, (2) magmatism attributed to slab breakoff, and (3) syntectonic deposition in the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé Basin.
High-magnitude stresses induced by mineral-hydration reactions
Authors: Plümper Oliver , Wallis David , Teuling Floris , Moulas Evangelos , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Amiri Hamed , Müller Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFluid-rock interactions play a critical role in Earth’s lithosphere and environmental subsurface systems. In the absence of chemical mass transport, mineral-hydration reactions would be accompanied by a solid-volume increase that may induce differential stresses and associated reaction-induced deformation processes, such as dilatant fracturing to increase fluid permeability. However, the magnitudes of stresses that manifest in natural systems remain poorly constrained. We used optical and electron microscopy to show that one of the simplest hydration reactions in nature [MgO + H2O = Mg(OH)2] can induce stresses of several hundred megapascals, with local stresses of as much as ∼1.5 GPa. We demonstrate that these stresses not only cause fracturing but also induce plastic deformation with dislocation densities (1015 m−2) exceeding those typical of tectonically deformed rocks. If these reaction-induced stresses can be transmitted across larger length scales, they may influence the bulk stress state of reacting regions. Moreover, the structural damage induced may be the first step toward catastrophic rock failure, triggering crustal seismicity.