bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods and Study Design for Cancer Health Economics Research: Summary of Discussions From a Breakout Session
Authors: Henk Henry J , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Borah Bijan J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe legitimacy of findings from cancer health economics research depends on study design and methods. A breakout session, Methods and Study Design for Cancer Health Economics Research, was convened at the Future of Cancer Health Economics Research Conference to discuss 2 commonly used analytic tools for cancer health economics research: observational studies and decision-analytic modeling. Observational studies include analysis of data collected with the primary purpose of supporting economic evaluation or secondary use of data collected for another purpose. Modeling studies develop a parametrized structure, such as a decision tree, to estimate hypothetical impact. Whereas observational studies focus on what has happened and why, modeling studies address what may happen. We summarize the discussion at this breakout session, focusing on 3 key elements of high-quality cancer health economics research: study design, analytical methods, and addressing uncertainty.
Health Economics Research in Primary Prevention of Cancer: Assessment, Current Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Ekwueme Donatus U , Halpern Michael T , Chesson Harrell W , Ashok Mahima , Drope Jeffrey , Hong Young-Rock , Maciosek Michael , Pesko Michael F , Kenkel Donald S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the past 2 decades, the demand for information on health economics research to guide health care decision making has substantially increased. Studies have provided evidence that eliminating or reducing tobacco use; eating a healthy diet, including fruit and vegetables; being physically active; reducing alcohol consumption; avoiding ultraviolet radiation; and minimizing exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogenic agents should substantially reduce cancer incidence in the population. The benefits of these primary prevention measures in reducing cancer incidence are not instantaneous. Therefore, health economics research has an important role to play in providing credible information to decision makers on the health and economic benefits of primary prevention. This article provides an overview of health economics research related to primary prevention of cancer. We addressed the following questions: 1) What are the gaps and unmet needs for performing health economics research focused on primary prevention of cancer? 2) What are the challenges and opportunities to conducting health economics research to evaluate primary prevention of cancer? and 3) What are the future directions for enhancing health economics research on primary prevention of cancer? Modeling primary prevention of cancer is often difficult given data limitations, long delays before the policy or intervention is effective, possible unintended effects of the policy or intervention, and the necessity of outside expertise to understand key inputs or outputs to the modeling. Despite these challenges, health economics research has an important role to play in providing credible information to decision makers on the health and economic benefits of primary prevention of cancer.
New Data Resources, Linkages, and Infrastructure for Cancer Health Economics Research: Main Topics From a Panel Discussion
Authors: Dusetzina, PhD, Stacie B , Enewold, MPH, PhD, Lindsey , Gentile, PhD, Danielle , Ramsey, MD, PhD, Scott D , Halpern Michael T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although a broad range of data resources have played a key role in the substantial achievements of cancer health economics research, there are now needs for more comprehensive data that represent a fuller picture of the cancer care experience. In particular, researchers need information that represents more diverse populations; includes more clinical details; and provides greater context on individual- and neighborhood-level factors that can affect cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and survivorship, including measures of financial health or toxicity, health-related social needs, and social determinants of health. This article highlights 3 critical topics for cancer health economics research: the future of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services–linked data resources; use of social media data for cancer outcomes research; and multi-site–linked electronic health record data networks. These 3 topics represent different approaches to enhance data resources, linkages, and infrastructures and are complementary strategies to provide more complete information on activities involved in and factors affecting the cancer control continuum. These and other data resources will assist researchers in examining the complex and nuanced questions now at the forefront of cancer health economics research.
What Are We Talking About When We Talk About Deference in Investment Treaty Arbitration?
Authors: Gao Raymond Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Philip Morris v Uruguay, the tribunal split on the standard of review applied to determine a fair and equitable treatment claim. Despite heavy contestation, arbitrators have not identified their root of divergence, missing the opportunity to elaborate on how to accord an appropriate level of deference to sensitive public interest regulations. More than an isolated instance, this problem reflects the conceptual and analytical ambiguities in standards of review analysis in investment arbitral jurisprudence in general. In response, this article identifies and distinguishes three different notions of deference in investment arbitration, in efforts to help clarify standards of review analysis and bridge the divergence in the current debate. This typology of deference can provide analytical guidance for tribunals to determine the appropriate standards of review with respect to complex legal and factual determinations. To enhance analytical clarity, investment tribunals could disaggregate the seemingly unitary, all-encompassing notion of standards of review into various concrete inquiries, instead focused on whether, and to what extent, specific legal or factual determinations at issue may warrant a measure of deference. In this way, arbitrators could improve their reasoning quality, analytical transparency as well as jurisprudential consistency, which are instructive to achieving a more coherent and principled approach to standards of review analysis in investment treaty arbitration.
The negative effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth only extend to the first weeks
Authors: Zhang Jing , Klinkhamer Peter G L , Vrieling Klaas , Bezemer T Martijn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil biotic communities can strongly impact plant performance. In this paper, we ask the question: how long-lasting the effect of the soil microbial community on plant growth is. We examined the plant growth rates at three stages: early, mid and late growth. We performed two growth experiments with Jacobaea vulgaris, which lasted 49 and 63 days in sterilized soil or live soil. In a third experiment, we examined the effect of the timing of soil inoculation prior to planting on the relative growth rate of J. vulgaris with four different timing treatments. In all experiments, differences in biomass of plants grown in sterilized soil and live soil increased throughout the experiment. Also, the relative growth rate of plants in the sterilized soil was only significantly higher than that of plants in the live soil in the first two to three weeks. In the third experiment, plant biomass decreased with increasing time between inoculation and planting. Overall, our results showed that plants of J. vulgaris grew less well in live soil than in sterilized soil. The negative effects of soil inoculation on plant mass appeared to extend over the whole growth period but arise from the negative effects on relative growth rates that occurred in the first weeks.
Phylogeographic structure ofSyntrichia caninervisMitt, a xerophytic moss, highlights the expanded during glacial period
Authors: Yin Benfeng , Zhang Yuanming , Zhang Hongxiang , Lou Anru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapid uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its aridification has significantly affected the distribution and community structure of the plants in these regions. However, most of the studies have focussed on vascular plants, and it has been unclear whether bryophytes, which are haploid plants, had similar historical population dynamics to other vascular plants during the dramatic geological and climatic environment changes of the Quaternary. This study used Syntrichia caninervis Mitt as the research object and investigated its genetic variation, differentiation and population dynamic history in China. We genotyped 27 populations throughout the distributional range of S. caninervis using two chloroplast DNA regions and 19 nuclear microsatellite loci and supplemented these data with ecological niche modelling of the potential distribution areas from the last interglacial period. The results showed that genetic data consistently identified three clades: the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Pamir Plateau–TienShan and Central Asia. The genetic variation of Syntrichia caninervis mainly occurred within populations and in the populations within a specific region. However, there was a significant gene exchange between the different regions. S. caninervis may have expanded during the glacial period and shrank during the interglacial period. This study provides new evidence for the dynamic population history of drought-tolerant bryophytes in response to severe environmental changes during the Quaternary glacial and interglacial cycles.
The impact of COVID-19 infection on the quality of life of healthcare workers
Authors: Shanshal Sadeel A , Al-Qazaz Harith Kh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesCOVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the entire world and one of its impacts was the increased level of stress and anxiety, especially among healthcare workers. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the quality of life (QoL) and sleep quality of healthcare workers in Iraq.MethodsThis study assessed the QoL and sleep quality by using World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), respectively. The questionnaires were administered through an online cross-sectional survey targeted at workers in medical fields in Iraq from 1st to 20th of August 2021.Key findingsThree hundred healthcare workers participated, and females constituted 75.3%. The two questionnaires had very good internal consistency. The highest scoring domain was social relationships, followed by physical health. A significant difference was found in the mean scores of psychological health domain between males and females, with higher scores observed in males. The mean of the total ISI score was 11.58 ± 6.88 with a range between 0 and 27. Severe insomnia was observed in only 9.7% of the participants. A significant negative correlation (r = −0.118) was found between age and ISI scores of the participants. Significant differences were found between males and females with higher ISI mean scores observed among males.ConclusionsThe QoL and sleep pattern can be affected by COVID-19 infection with the psychological aspect of QoL being the most affected and some degrees of insomnia being observed in many participants.
Hybrid revisional surgery: biliary limb distalization plus endoscopic transoral outlet reduction (eTOR)
Authors: Borjas Guillermo , Sánchez Nestor , Urdaneta Ali , Maldonado Andres , Ramos Eduardo , Fumero Edward , DiGiorgio Jose 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the best procedures for the treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities. However, the percent of revisional procedures after a gastric bypass by weight regain has been increased, therefore several surgical options are available for the treatment of weight regain. In this case report, we combined a biliary limb distalization with endoscopic transoral outlet reduction (eTOR). The purpose of this case report is to expose the viability to perform combined procedures such as the distalization of the biliopancreatic limb plus eTOR increasing malabsorptive and restrictive components that would represent a secure and efficient weight loss in our patient. We could demonstrate the technical feasibility of the combination of both procedures to increase the restrictive and malabsorptive components at the same time with a low-risk range.
Cardiac tumor in the left ventricular outflow tract: atypical presentation of calcified amorphous tumor
Authors: Endo Toyokazu , Lei Kachon , Ahsan Chowdhury 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) of the heart is a rare nonneoplastic tumor. A 71-year-old woman presented with a mobile mass within the left ventricular outflow tract during her elective transthoracic echocardiogram. The patient exhibited no symptoms, and intraoperative findings showed the mass originating from the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Transthoracic and transesophageal echo failed to diagnose and localize the origin of the tumor. The tumor origin is unclear, but CAT of the mitral valve may be associated with mitral annular calcification. Surgical excision of the mass definitively diagnoses the tumor and reduces the risk of embolization.
Bronchoscopic resection of typical carcinoid tumors: literature review and case series
Authors: Alahmed Salman , Arishi Hassan , Alabdulatif Mohammed , Bamefleh Hana , Alghamdi Raed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carcinoid tumors have been treated with formal oncological surgical resection, which is considered the gold standard approach. In the past two decades, bronchoscopic has gained popularity for treatment of carcinoid tumors. A 34-year-old female with an unresolving chronic cough, underwent a chest CT that showed right endobronchial lesion. Bronchoscopy and a biopsy were taken from the lesion; pathology confirmed the diagnosis to be a typical carcinoid tumor. Forty-six-year-old male, who was a smoker, suffered from hemoptysis. Pathology revealed it to be an endotracheal typical carcinoid tumor at the carina. Uncertainties, such as chances of recurrence, cost-effectiveness and the inability to achieve formal oncological resection have been discussed and challenged in the literature. With gaining use of this treatment approach, tissue-sparing surgery for carcinoids can improve patient quality of life both in the short and long term.
Role of surgery in the management of Crohn’s disease: a case series
Authors: Chandramohan Janaki Krithika , Palaniappan Thangapprakasam , Kalyanasundaram Arun Guru 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is fast becoming a disease of the East. Of all its entities, Crohn’s disease is the most diverse and debilitating due to its nature of transmural granulomatous inflammation. The clinical picture varies according to the disease location and severity. This translates to tailoring the treatment according to individual disease. The management should be predominantly medical since recurrence rates post-surgery are objectionable. But surgery, as a measure to tackle complications under cover of adequate medical and nutritional therapy, can be lifesaving. Herein, we describe a series of seven cases where surgery was crucial in the management of Crohn’s disease.
A large upper abdominal mass in an adolescent with high Ca 19.9: a case report
Authors: O’Connell Robert M , O’Sullivan Adrian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver are uncommon cystic lesions of the liver, most commonly seen in women in the fifth decade of life. We present a case of a 16-year-old girl with an incidentally discovered abdominal mass while undergoing a tonsillectomy. Investigation revealed a multiloculated, septated 17 × 17 × 11 cm cystic lesion arising from the left lobe of the liver, with displacement of the remaining upper abdominal viscera. Serum Ca19.9 was significantly elevated at 2256 U/ml (range 0–37), but other bloods including liver function tests, alphafoetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were within normal limits. We proceeded to open formal left hemi-hepatectomy. Histology was consistent with a diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasm with low-grade intra-epithelial neoplasia.
Spontaneous small bowel perforation: a rare GI manifestation of type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Authors: Gallagher Alexandria M , McGraw Tara L , Toy Fredrick K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Isolated small bowel perforation is low in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in the young, relatively healthy patient. It is, however, a rare manifestation of type IV (vascular) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). In addition, there is no general consensus on the management of GI manifestations in patients with type IV EDS. We present the case of a 31-year-old male with history of type IV EDS, presenting with acute onset abdominal pain. Imaging was notable for intra-abdominal free air and thickened loops of small bowel in the pelvis. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with resection of the small bowel perforation with enteroenteric anastomosis. In our literature review, we evaluated gastrointestinal manifestations observed in patients with type IV EDS, management recommendations and potential complications to be mindful of in this population.
Endoscopic electrocauterization for management of chronic perineal sinus following abdominoperineal resection
Authors: Larson Brandon , Azizi Shayan , Ma Truong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a case of a chronic perineal sinus following abdominoperineal resection with management via endoscopic electrocauterization. This patient presented with 1 year of bloody, mucus drainage from a perineal wound following abdominoperineal resection for anastomotic leak and stricture from a remote low anterior resection for T2N1 rectal cancer. We describe a novel use of endoscopic electrocautery to debride, de-epithelialize and ultimately eliminate the sinus cavity. The patient’s postoperative course was uncomplicated and reported decreased drainage at 2- and 4-week postoperative follow-up. Long-term plans include sequential drain downsizing to facilitate cavity closure. Our findings suggest that endoscopic electrocauterization can safely and effectively reduce chronic perineal sinus drainage to facilitate cavity elimination, while avoiding morbidity associated with more invasive operative interventions.
Anabolism and signaling pathways of phytomelatonin
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Xiaoyun , Lv Hongmei , Cao Meng , Li Yongchong , Yuan Xiaowei , Zhang Xichun , Guo Yang-Dong , Zhang Na 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhytomelatonin is a small multifunctional molecule found ubiquitously in plants, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The classical biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of phytomelatonin have been elucidated, and uncovering alternative pathways has deepened our understanding of phytomelatonin synthesis. Phytomelatonin functions mainly via two pathways. In the direct pathway, phytomelatonin mediates the stress-induced reactive oxygen species burst through its strong antioxidant capacity. In the indirect pathway, phytomelatonin acts as a signal to activate signaling cascades and crosstalk with other plant hormones. The phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1/CAND2 was discovered in 2018, which enhanced our understanding of phytomelatonin function. This review summarizes the classical and potential pathways involved in phytomelatonin synthesis and metabolism. To elucidate the functions of phytomelatonin, we focus on the crosstalk between phytomelatonin and other phytohormones. We propose two models to explain how PMTR1 transmits the phytomelatonin signal through the G protein and MAPK cascade. This review will facilitate the identification of additional signaling molecules that function downstream of the phytomelatonin signaling pathway, thus improving our understanding of phytomelatonin signal transmission.
MicroRNA-149 rs2292832 C/T Polymorphism Predicts the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients With Bone Metastasis
Authors: Feng Jian , Liu Zhen , Yu Long , Wu Chaoyu , Luo Xiao-bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The prognostic markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bone metastasis are of great significance for the design of treatment strategy, the maintenance of life quality of the patients, and the improvement of cancer prognosis. MicroRNA-149 (miR-149) rs2292832 C/T polymorphism in HCC patients has been reported to be associated with the risk of HCC, but whether it can predict the prognosis of HCC patients with bone metastasis remains unclear. The goal of our study was to examine the prognostic impact of miR-149 rs2292832 C/T polymorphism on HCC patients with bone metastasis.

Methods
A total of 67 cases of HCC patients with bone metastasis (BC group) and 73 cases of HCC patients without bone metastasis (NC group) were included in this study. The miR-149 levels in blood leukocytes and tumor tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. Genotyping analysis of miR-149 rs2292832 was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.

Results
The blood leukocyte miR-149 levels were significantly decreased in HCC patients, compared with the healthy controls, and they were significantly decreased in the BC patients, compared with the NC cases. BC patients carrying miR-149 rs2292832 CC+CT phenotype have a better overall survival (OS) rate, whereas no significant correlation was found between miR-149 rs2292832 CC+CT phenotype and the OS rate in NC group. The miR-149 rs2292832 CC+CT phenotype was correlated with certain bone turnover markers and bone metabolism markers but was not correlated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression. Meanwhile, the combination of miR-149 rs2292832 CC+CT phenotype and RANKL expression could improve the prognosis assessment of HCC patients with bone metastasis.

Conclusion
miR-149 rs2292832 polymorphism might be a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC patients with bone metastasis. A follow-up study with a larger cohort from a multicenter should be performed to test our conclusions.
What makes a Parent? Challenging the Importance of a Genetic Link for Legal Parenthood in International Surrogacy Arrangements
Authors: Tesfaye Meiraf G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article advocates for consistent application of the best interests of children in recognition of legal parenthood of children born out of international surrogacy arrangements (ISAs) and opposes its differential application to surrogate children who do not have a genetic link to their intending parents (IPs). Owing to the lack of European consensus and specialized legal instruments regulating recognition of legal parenthood in ISAs, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR/the Court) via interpretation of Article 8 obligates prohibitionist home states of IPs to recognize legal parenthood coming out of such international arrangements only in instances where there is genetic link with one or both IPs. This leaves surrogate children with no genetic link to their IPs with no benefits stemming out of recognition of legal parentage often leaving them parentless and stateless. This work challenges the necessity for such limitations through analysis of two ECtHR cases, the Mennesson v. France and the Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy, where differential consideration of the best interests of children was based on presence or lack of genetic link respectively. It concludes that non-recognition of parenthood is a disproportionate measure to protect legitimate aims of prohibitionist home states and advocates for expansion of their implied positive obligations to protect the best interests of surrogate children with no genetic link to their IPs.