bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Impact of Combined Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Pretreatment Blood Lymphocyte Percentage in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Cai Zhuochen , Jiang Jiali , Huang Laiji , Yuan Yawei , Zheng Ronghui , Zhang Jiangyu , Qiu Wenze 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo explore the prognostic impact of combined tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and pretreatment peripheral lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) among patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).Patients and MethodsTILs and pretreatment LYM% were retrospectively assessed in 253 LA-NPC patients who underwent chemoradiation therapy between January 2012 and December 2017. According to TILs and LYM% status, the patients were divided into three groups: high-risk group (HRG) (TILs–LYM% score = 0), middle-risk group (MRG) (TILs–LYM% score = 1), and low-risk group (LRG) (TILs–LYM% score = 2). The relationship between TILs level and LYM%, and also the associations of TILs–LYM% status with clinicopathological factors and survival, were evaluated.ResultsAs a continuous variable, LYM% was significantly higher in TILs-high group. High TILs or high LYM% alone was significantly related to better 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests also revealed significant decreases in DFS, OS, DMFS, and LRRFS among LA-NPC patients with TILs–LYM% score of 0, 1, and 2 (all P &lt;0.05). Further multivariate analyses showed that TILs–LYM% score was an independent factor affecting survival of the patients, and HRG (TILs–LYM% score = 0) had increased hazard ratios (HRs) for disease (HR = 6.89, P &lt;0.001), death (HR = 8.08, P = 0.008), distant metastasis (HR = 7.66, P = 0.001), and local relapse (HR = 5.18, P = 0.013) compared with LRG (TILs–LYM% score = 2). In receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses, TILs–LYM% score had a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of DFS than did TILs or LYM% alone.ConclusionsA positive correlation was found between TILs level and pretreatment blood lymphocyte percentage. Moreover, TILs–LYM% score can be considered as a novel independent prognostic indicator of survival outcome among patients with LA-NPC.
Genomic Feature of a Rare Case of Mix Small-Cell and Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Zhu Youcai , Zhang Feng , Yu Dong , Wang Fang , Yin Manxiang , Chen Liangye , Xiao Chun , Huang Yueyan , Ding Feng 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCases of both of small- (SCLC) and large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma (LCNEC) were rarely reported. Although typical cases are morphologically distinct, the distinction between LCNEC and SCLC is still controversial, with some LCNECs showing close morphologies with SCLC. Here, we reported on a patient who had tumor with a mix of SCLC and LCNEC and uncovered these components’ histological and genomic features.Case PresentationA 59-year-old man was diagnosed with lung cancer and had resection surgery in our hospital. The H&amp;E and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the tumor had 30%–35% LCNEC and 65%–70% SCLC cells. The whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified no potentially actionable alteration in the tumor sample but found five alterations all with allele frequency over 90%, including TP53 p.R273H, MYH8 p.Q1814K, SLC17A6 p.W505L, PTPN5 p.M40I, and RB1 p.L267X. The genomic results supported that these two different components shared a similar dominant clonal origin. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the LCNECs have a higher copy number of MET than the SCLC component while without notable difference in the copy number of HER2 and TP53. Chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin was administrated for two cycles after the surgery. Although the chest CT showed remission in the lung, he was diagnosed with bone metastasis in 1 year later. Then, he received chemotherapy with etoposide and carboplatin but had severe side effect, leading to the discontinuation of the regime. Unfortunately, he returned to the local hospital with supportive care and died shortly after.ConclusionBased on these observations, we proposed that LCNEC and SCLC components in this patient may have a common clonal origin with dual mutations in TP53 and RB1, while the chromosome instability may cause multiple independent conversion that leads to LCNEC or SCLC morphologies.
DBP rs7041 and DHCR7 rs3829251 are Linked to CD4+ Recovery in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Resino Salvador , Jiménez-Sousa María Ángeles , Blanco Julià , Pacheco Yolanda M. , del Romero Jorge , Peraire Joaquim , Virseda-Berdices Ana , Muñoz-Gómez María José , Galera-Peñaranda Carlos , García-Fraile Lucio Jesus , Benito José M. , Rallón Norma 
Published: January 2022

Background: The lack of the recovery of CD4+ T-cells (CD4+ recovery) among immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not well known. We aimed to analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underlying vitamin D metabolism and the CD4+ recovery in naïve HIV-infected patients who started ART with low baseline CD4+.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 411 naïve individuals with plasma HIV load &gt;200 copies/mL and CD4+ &lt;200 cells/mm3. During 24 months of follow-up, all patients had plasma HIV load &lt;50 copies/mL. DNA genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The outcome variable was the change in CD4+ during the study.Results: CD4+ recovery was higher in patients carrying DBP rs7041 AA genotype (AA versus CC/AC) and DHCR7 rs3829251 AA genotype (AA versus GG/AG) (p-value &lt; 0.05). DBP rs7041 AA genotype was linked to increase in CD4+ (adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR) = 1.22; q-value = 0.011), increase in CD4+ ≥P75th [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.31; q-value = 0.005], slope of CD4+ recovery (aAMR = 1.25; q-value = 0.008), slope of CD4+ recovery ≥ P75th (aOR = 2.55; q-value = 0.005) and achievement of CD4+ ≥500 cells/mm3 (aOR = 1.89; q-value = 0.023). Besides, DHCR7 rs3829251 AA genotype was related to increase in CD4+ (aAMR = 1.43; q-value = 0.031), increase in CD4+ ≥P75th (aOR = 3.92; q-value = 0.030), slope of CD4+ recovery (aAMR = 1.40; q-value = 0.036), slope of CD4+ recovery ≥ P75th (aOR = 3.42; q-value = 0.031) and achievement of CD4+ ≥500 cells/mm3 (aOR = 5.68; q-value = 0.015).Conclusion: In summary, DHCR7 rs3829251 and DBP rs7041 polymorphisms were associated with CD4+ recovery in HIV-infected patients who started cART with low CD4+ T-cell counts.
Mechanism of Dihydromyricetin on Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Sun Yang , Liu Shasha , Yang Songwei , Chen Chen , Yang Yantao , Lin Meiyu , Liu Chao , Wang Wenmao , Zhou Xudong , Ai Qidi , Wang Wei , Chen Naihong 
Published: January 2022

Inflammation plays a crucial role in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, arthritis, asthma, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), acute cerebral stroke, cancer, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia. Therefore, we need to solve the problem urgently for the study of inflammation-related diseases. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid mainly derived from Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J.Wen and Z.L.Nie (N.grossedentata). DHM possesses many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory (NLRP-3, NF-κB, cytokines, and neuroinflammation), antioxidant, improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulating autophagy and so on. In this review, we consulted the studies in the recent 20 years and summarized the mechanism of DHM in inflammation-related diseases. In addition, we also introduced the source, chemical structure, chemical properties, and toxicity of DHM in this review. We aim to deepen our understanding of DHM on inflammation-related diseases, clarify the relevant molecular mechanisms, and find out the problems and solutions that need to be solved urgently. Providing new ideas for DHM drug research and development, as well as broaden the horizons of clinical treatment of inflammation-related diseases in this review. Moreover, the failure of clinical transformation of DHM poses a great challenge for DHM as an inflammation related disease.
Aerobic Exercise Improves Pulmonary Fibrosis by Improving Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Obese Mice
Authors: Wang Xishuai , Yi Xuejie , Tang Donghui 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with pulmonary fibrosis. We attempted to identify whether regular aerobic exercise (AE) can protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-associated pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsForty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: chow group (Ch), chow plus exercise group (CE), obesity group (Ob), and obesity plus exercise group (OE). The mice were fed either an HFD or a chow diet for 16 weeks, and low-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) was performed in the last 8 weeks. We measured the degree of pulmonary fibrosis; pulmonary inflammation; oxidative stress parameters; insulin resistance-related indicators; the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); the mRNA expression levels of IL-10, IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL-17, MMP-9, MPO, NE, and sirt-1; and the BALF levels of CXCL-1, IL-17, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lung tissue.ResultsAE in obese mice protected against obesity-associated pulmonary fibrosis, chronic inflammation, pro-oxidative/antioxidative imbalance, and insulin resistance. AE ameliorated the HFD-induced inflammatory response and neutrophil infiltration in the lung. AE downregulated BALF levels of CXCL-1, IL-1β, TNF-α IL-17, and TGF-β but upregulated BALF levels of IL-10. AE decreased IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL-17, MMP-9, MPO, and NE mRNA expression levels but upregulated IL-10 and sirt-1 mRNA expression levels in the lung.ConclusionsAE protects against HFD-induced pulmonary fibrosis by improving obesity-associated insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and pro-oxidative/antioxidative imbalance. AE improved HFD-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing IL-17, TGF-β, NE, and MMP-9 expression and activating IL-10 and sirt-1 expression.
Anxiety, Depression, and Satisfaction With Life Among College Students in China: Nine Months After Initiation of the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Xiao Pei , Chen Liang , Dong Xiaoqin , Zhao Zhiya , Yu Jincong , Wang Dongming , Li Wenzhen 
Published: January 2022

Background/ObjectiveMental health problems are common among college students. This study sought to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and well-being among Chinese college students 9 months after initiation of the outbreak of COVID-19.MethodA cross-sectional study (N = 3,951, mean age = 19.58) was conducted from October to December 2020. An online survey was used to collect socio-demographic data, and the symptoms of depression and anxiety and satisfaction with life using Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), and the 5-items Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).ResultsThe prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 59.35 and 54.34%, respectively, and the score of satisfaction with life was 20.51 ± 6.42 among Chinese college students during the pandemic. After controlling for covariates, students in urban areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61–0.87), with good family economic levels (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.66–0.91), and having psychological counseling (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.42–0.73) were positively associated with depression symptoms; meanwhile, higher anxiety symptoms were observed among medical students (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.95). Besides, healthy lifestyle such as regular physical activity and diet was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Multiple linear models revealed that medical students (β = 0.479, P = 0.031), those with good family economic level by self-evaluation (β = 1.283, P &lt; 0.001 for good; β = 3.013, P &lt; 0.001 for general), good academic performance by self-evaluation (β = 1.786, P &lt; 0.001 for good; β = 3.386, P &lt; 0.001 for general), learning burden (β = 1.607, P &lt; 0.001 for general; β = 2.117, P &lt; 0.001 for light), regular physical activity (β = 0.859, P &lt; 0.001), daily routine (β = 1.289, P &lt; 0.001), diet (β = 1.714, P &lt; 0.001), and sufficient sleep (β = 1.408, P &lt; 0.001) had more score of SWLS (all β &gt; 0, P &lt; 0.05), while senior students (β = −1.053, P=0.009), students having psychological counseling (β = −1.753, P &lt; 0.001), and drinking (β = −0.743, P = 0.012) had lower satisfaction with life.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological health among college students, especially during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Policy makers and educators should help college students develop a healthy lifestyle with regular diet and exercise to promote the psychological health of college students.
Prevalence and Developmental Profiles of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children With Global Developmental Delay
Authors: Shan Ling , Feng Jun-Yan , Wang Tian-Tian , Xu Zhi-Da , Jia Fei-Yong 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have mostly explored the comorbidities of Global developmental delay (GDD) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) from the perspective of ASD. The study focus on the perspective of GDD to investigate the prevalence and developmental profiles of ASD in GDD and to explore the correlation between the developmental level and symptoms of autism.MethodsClinical data of 521 children with GDD aged from 24 to 60 months were retrospectively analyzed. Analyses were performed first for the whole sample and then subdivided into two subgroups (GDD+ASD−, GDD+ASD+) according to whether had ASD. Symptoms of autism were evaluated by the Autism Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The Chinese version of the Gesell Developmental Schedules was used to evaluate the level of children's mental development.ResultThe prevalence of ASD in children with GDD was 62.3%. The total average developmental quotient (DQ) of GDD was mildly deficient and was negatively correlated with symptoms of autism (p &lt; 0.05); language ability was severe and extremely severe deficient (P &lt; 0.05). GDD+ASD− group and GDD+ASD+ group have some common points as well as differences in the developmental features. The language delay of children in both subgroups was the most obviously defected, thereafter followed by the item of personal social activity. In the GDD+ASD+ group, the DQ of gross motor skills&gt;fine motor skills&gt;adaptability (p &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences among the DQ of gross motor skills, fine motor skills and adaptability in GDD+ASD− group (p &gt; 0.05). The GDD+ASD−group had better adaptability, fine motor skills, language ability, personal social activity than that of the GDD+ASD+ group, but the gross motor skills in GDD+ASD− group were worse (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionGDD children have a high proportion of comorbid ASD, and GDD children with poorer developmental levels are more likely to have ASD symptoms. Development profiles in both GDD+ASD− children and GDD+ASD+ children have common features but there are also differences. GDD+ASD+ group is worse than GDD+ASD− group in terms of the overall development level.
People Who Die by Suicide Without Receiving Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tang Samantha , Reily Natalie M. , Arena Andrew F. , Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. , Carter Gregory L. , Mackinnon Andrew J. , Christensen Helen 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThe majority of people who die by suicide have never seen a mental health professional or been diagnosed with a mental illness. To date, this majority group has largely been ignored, with most existing research focusing on predictors of suicide such as past suicide attempts. Identifying the characteristics of people who die by suicide without receiving services, often with a fatal first attempt, is crucial to reduce suicide rates through guiding improvements to service pathways and “just in time” interventions.MethodsIn this systematic review, PsycInfo, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published from 1980 to 1st March 2021. Included studies examined predictors of non-receipt of formal mental health services among people who died by suicide. Data were extracted from published reports and the quality of included studies was assessed using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. This review was registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42021226543.ResultsSixty-seven studies met inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 39 to 193,152 individuals. Male sex, younger or older age, and rural location were consistently associated with non-receipt of mental health services. People not receiving mental health services were also less likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis, past suicidal behavior or contact with general health services, and more likely to use violent means of suicide. There was some evidence that minority ethnicity and psychosocial stressors were associated with service non-receipt.ConclusionPeople who die by suicide without receiving mental health services are likely to have diverse profiles, indicating the need for multifaceted approaches to effectively support people at risk of suicide. Identifying the needs and preferences of individuals who are at risk of suicide is crucial in developing new support pathways and services, and improving the quality of existing services.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42021226543.
Social Media Use and Its Associations With Mental Health 9 Months After the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study
Authors: Thygesen Hilde , Bonsaksen Tore , Schoultz Mariyana , Ruffolo Mary , Leung Janni , Price Daicia , Geirdal Amy Østertun 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe covid-19 pandemic has impacted the health and well-being of millions across the globe. Strict social distancing policies and periodic lockdowns has led to an increased reliance on alternative online means of communication, including social media.Objectivesto examine (i) social media use and mental health in the general population 9 months after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and (ii) mental health in relation to motives for and extent of social media use, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables.MethodsA cross-national online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia. Participants (n= 3,474) reported extent of and motives for social media use and completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by chi-square tests, one-way analyses of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsPoorer mental health was associated with using social media to decrease loneliness and for entertainment motives, while better mental health was associated with using social media for personal contact and maintaining relationships. Overall increased daily time on social media was associated with poorer mental health. The social media use variables were responsible for a substantial proportion of the outcome variance explained. These findings were consistent across the four countries, with only minor variations.ConclusionsMotives for using, and time spent using, social media were associated with the participants' mental health. Guidance and recommendations for social media usage to the general public for prevention and intervention for behavioral health may be beneficial.
An Ecological Study of Tuberculosis Incidence in China, From 2002 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Song Wanmei , Liu Siqi , An Qiqi , Tao Ningning , Zhu Xuehan , Yang Dongmei , Wan Daoxia , Li Yifan , Li Huaichen 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTuberculosis is one of the main infectious diseases threatening global health, which is also the main cause of death from a single source of infection (above HIV/AIDS). China is a country with a high burden of tuberculosis in the world, ranking only behind India and Indonesia. However, there are few ecological studies on the burden of tuberculosis in China. This study aims to provide more research basis for the government to formulate tuberculosis policies by exploring the ecological factors associated with the incidence of tuberculosis, so as to achieve the goal of eliminating tuberculosis by 2030.MethodsWe collected data on the incidence of tuberculosis and ecological factors of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in Mainland China (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau) from 2002 to 2018. We constructed a framework of ecological factors affecting the incidence, which consists of 5 secondary indicators and 35 tertiary indicators. And we construct a dynamic panel data model based on the Lasso Regression to select variables to test the effect of each ecological factor on the incidence.ResultsAmong the 35 tertiary indicators, economy 3,4,6,7, environment 1, recourses 1,3, demography 3, and lifecare 2,4,8,9,13 passed the significance test at the 1% level, economy 1,2,5, environment 2,9, lifecare 6,12 passed the significance test at the 5% level, lifecare 10 passed the significance test at the 10% level. Only economy 5 and economy 6 have a positive impact on the incidence, other statistically significant ecological indicators are negatively correlated with the incidence.ConclusionsOur study indicated that many ecological factors, including residents' income, unemployment rate, educational level, medical resources, population density, sunshine duration and dietary structure, are closely related to the incidence of tuberculosis. These findings contribute the government to taking targeted measures for tuberculosis prevention and control, including improving the level of economic development, increasing employment, expanding the scale of enrollment in colleges and universities, and ensuring that the prices of sources of animal protein are reasonable to meet the residents' intake of protein.