bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-critical telephone conversations in the emergency department: lessons learnt from a pilot educational project to improve communication skills over the telephone in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Keillor Lisa , Sandison Lorna , Millett Abigail , Davies Ffion 
Published: July 2022

In many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in restricted hospital visiting by relatives.Staff have been forced to deliver unwelcome and bad news over the telephone. There are few training resources around how to do this. We created a bespoke training package consisting of a 15 min eLearning session and a 1-hour facilitated role-play session. Two simulated telephone calls to a professional actor posing as the relative were undertaken on a speakerphone. Following each simulated call, the actor gave feedback to the caller, focusing on the likely experience of a relative during these conversations. Elements specific to telephone conversations included ensuring the safety of the recipient to take the call (eg, not driving a car), ensuring they had adequate local support, and allowing a deliberate silence after delivering the bad news. Silence has a powerful impact, despite being uncomfortable. The opportunity to have written notes before calling and to offer a return call was seen as an opportunity for improving communication. We collated these experiences into a series of phrases found most useful and empathic by the actor and participants. A practical aide- mémoir was created from this learning that could be used to help deliver bad news quickly in the emergency department.
Intrahepatic CD69+Vδ1 T cells re-circulate in the blood of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and limit tumor progression
Authors: Bruni Elena , Cimino Matteo Maria , Donadon Matteo , Carriero Roberta , Terzoli Sara , Piazza Rocco , Ravens Sarina , Prinz Immo , Cazzetta Valentina , Marzano Paolo , Kunderfranco Paolo , Peano Clelia , Soldani Cristiana , Franceschini Barbara , Colombo Federico Simone , Garlanda Cecilia , Mantovani Alberto , Torzilli Guido , Mikulak Joanna , Mavilio Domenico 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMore than 50% of all patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop liver metastases (CLM), a clinical condition characterized by poor prognosis and lack of reliable prognostic markers. Vδ1 cells are a subset of tissue-resident gamma delta (γδ) T lymphocytes endowed with a broad array of antitumor functions and showing a natural high tropism for the liver. However, little is known about their impact in the clinical outcomes of CLM.MethodsWe isolated human γδ T cells from peripheral blood (PB) and peritumoral (PT) tissue of 93 patients undergone surgical procedures to remove CLM. The phenotype of freshly purified γδ T cells was assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry, the transcriptional profiles by single cell RNA-sequencing, the functional annotations by Gene Ontology enrichment analyses and the clonotype by γδ T cell receptor (TCR)-sequencing.ResultsThe microenvironment of CLM is characterized by a heterogeneous immune infiltrate comprising different subsets of γδ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) able to egress the liver and re-circulate in PB. Vδ1 T cells represent the largest population of γδ TILs within the PT compartment of CLM that is greatly enriched in Vδ1 T effector (TEF) cells expressing constitutive high levels of CD69. These Vδ1 CD69+TILs express a distinct phenotype and transcriptional signature, show high antitumor potential and correlate with better patient clinical outcomes in terms of lower numbers of liver metastatic lesions and longer overall survival (OS). Moreover, intrahepatic CD69+Vδ1 TILs can egress CLM tissue to re-circulate in PB, where they retain a phenotype, transcriptional signature and TCR clonal repertoires resembling their liver origin. Importantly, even the increased frequencies of the CD69+terminally differentiated (TEMRA) Vδ1 cells in PB of patients with CLM significantly correlate with longer OS. The positive prognostic score of high frequencies of CD69+TEMRAVδ1 cells in PB is independent from the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens administered to patients with CLM prior surgery.ConclusionsThe enrichment of tissue-resident CD69+Vδ1 TEMRAcells re-circulating at high frequencies in PB of patients with CLM limits tumor progression and represents a new important clinical tool to either predict the natural history of CLM or develop alternative therapeutic protocols of cellular therapies.
Is spacetime really doomed?
Authors: Woit Peter 
Published: July 2022

For many years now it has become conventional ([E. Witten, Phys. Today 49 (1996) 24; D. Gross, Einstein and the quest for a unified theory, in Einstein for the 21st Century: His Legacy in Science, Art, and Modern Culture, eds. P. L. Galison, G. Holton and S. S. Schweber (Princeton University Press, 2008), pp. 287–297; N. Arkani-Hamed, Spacetime is doomed (2010)]) for theorists to argue that “spacetime is doomed”, with the difficulties in finding a quantum theory of gravity implying the necessity of basing a fundamental theory on something quite different than usual notions of spacetime geometry. But what is this spacetime geometry that is doomed? In this paper, we will explore how our understanding of 4-dimensional geometry has evolved since Einstein, leading to new ideas about such geometry which may not be doomed at all.
INFLUENCE OF TiC CONTENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF AlCoCrFeNi HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY COATINGS PREPARED BY LASER CLADDING
Authors: LI ZHAOTONG , JING CAINIAN , FENG YAN , WU ZHONGLIN , LIN TAO , ZHAO JINGRUI , LIU LEI 
Published: July 2022

In this study, AlCoCrFeNi-TiCx (x values in molar ratio, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) high-entropy alloy coatings (HEAcs) were prepared on the surface of H13 steel by laser cladding (LC). The microhardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the HEAcs were analyzed using a microhardness tester, electrochemical workstation, and friction and wear tester, respectively. The results showed that with an increase in the TiC content of the coatings, the interior of the coatings mainly consisted of disordered body-centered cubic (BCC), ordered BCC (B2), and TiC phases, and lattice distortion occurred inside the coatings. TiC was distributed as white particles at the grain boundaries, and the internal microstructure was mainly composed of equiaxed crystals (EC) and petal-like dendrites. The EC were gradually refined owing to the pinning effect. The spinodal decomposition causes a large number of reticulated microstructures inside the grains, and nanoscale TiC precipitation appears in the reticulated microstructures. Owing to lattice distortion and solid solution strengthening, the microhardness of the TiC[Formula: see text] coating was up to 966 HV[Formula: see text], which was approximately 3.2 times that of the substrate. As the TiC content increases, the friction coefficient and mass loss of the coatings gradually decreased, the self-corrosion current ([Formula: see text] gradually decreased and the self-corrosion potential ([Formula: see text] gradually increased. The coatings exhibited good wear and corrosion resistance.
CRACK RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF HAVERSIAN CORTICAL BONE
Authors: LI YANHUA , LI AIHUA 
Published: July 2022

Background: The current research on crack propagation resistance characteristics of osteons is based on the single osteon model, which cannot reflect the interaction among osteons and the influence of material-property changes on the crack propagation. Moreover, the Haversian canal and the cement line were not included in the model, which could not reflect the influence of the true structural characteristics of the cortical bone on the microcracks. Objective: To investigate the effects of osteons, cement line and its material parameters on the stress intensity factor at the crack-tip based on theoretical formula calculation and finite element calculation. Results: The single osteon model, multi-osteon model and Haversian cortical bone model were established according to the microstructural characteristics of Haversian cortical bone. The calculation results of the first two models show that the “soft” osteon accelerates the crack propagation and the “hard” osteon hinders crack propagation, and the effect of multi-osteon model on a microcrack is significantly larger than that of single bone model. The calculation results of Haversian cortical bone model show that the stress intensity factors at both ends of the microcrack decreased when the distance from the “soft” osteon was within a certain range ([Formula: see text]). The stress intensity factor of endpoint ‘a’ in the crack-tip increases sharply when the microcrack is close to the osteon. Conclusions: The analysis results of the three models present that the microcrack propagation is affected by the material properties as well as the quantity of osteon, and the cement line is conductive to enhance the fracture toughness of the cortical bone.
Auditors’ Religious Beliefs and Audit Quality: Some Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Duh Rong-Ruey , Gul Ferdinand A. , Hsu Audrey Wen-Hsin 
Published: July 2022

Synopsis The research problem Adding to the literature in auditing, this study examines whether there is an association between the religious beliefs of audit partners and audit quality in Taiwan. Motivation Previous studies have found that firms headquartered in areas with strong religious social norms are associated with higher audit quality. However, prior studies measured religiosity in terms of whether the audit practice offices were in more religious metropolitan statistical areas. No work had examined whether the religious beliefs of the individual auditors affect auditor decision making. In addition, prior studies using US data were mainly confined to one group who are, in the main, Christians. We examined this issue in Taiwan where the auditors come from three main religious groups: Christian, Buddhist, and Taoist. This setting provides another cultural environment for understanding the links between religiosity and financial reporting issues. The test hypotheses H1: Audit engagement partners with a religious belief are associated with higher audit quality. H2: The positive association between auditors’ religion and audit quality is more pronounced for auditors with industry specialization than auditors without specialization. Target population Various stakeholders include investors, auditors, financial analysts, and users of financial reports. Adopted methodology Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and logistics regression. Analyses We conducted the study in Taiwan where audit partners are required to sign audit reports. We obtained data on the religious beliefs of auditors by distributing a questionnaire to individual auditors in the Big 4 in Taiwan. We used four measures of audit quality: (a) discretionary accruals, (b) accrual estimation errors, (c) the probability of a client meeting an earnings benchmark, and (d) the propensity to issue modified audit opinions. We tested whether there is a positive association between auditors’ religious beliefs and audit quality. Findings Our study finds that firms with an audit partner who professes a religion are associated with higher audit quality. However, unlike evidence from the United States, we do not find that auditors in an area with strong religious social norms exhibit better audit quality than auditors in less religious areas when the audit partner’s religious belief is controlled in the analysis. The results suggest that auditor quality is more affected by auditor’s personal characteristics than the social norms. We also find that the positive association between auditors with industry specialization and audit quality is stronger when the auditor has religious beliefs. The results suggest that ethics and competence are complements to each other.
Lipid-Associated Macrophages Are Induced by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Mediate Immune Suppression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Timperi Eleonora , Gueguen Paul , Molgora Martina , Magagna Ilaria , Kieffer Yann , Lopez-Lastra Silvia , Sirven Philemon , Baudrin Laura G. , Baulande Sylvain , Nicolas André , Champenois Gabriel , Meseure Didier , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Tardivon Anne , Laas Enora , Soumelis Vassili , Colonna Marco , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima , Amigorena Sebastian , Romano Emanuela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play a detrimental role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In-depth analysis of TAM characteristics and interactions with stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), could provide important biological and therapeutic insights. Here we identify at the single-cell level a monocyte-derived STAB1+TREM2high lipid-associated macrophage (LAM) subpopulation with immune suppressive capacities that is expanded in patients resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Genetic depletion of this LAM subset in mice suppressed TNBC tumor growth. Flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing data demonstrated that coculture with TNBC-derived CAFs led to reprogramming of blood monocytes towards immune suppressive STAB1+TREM2high LAMs, which inhibit T-cell activation and proliferation. Cell-to-cell interaction modeling and assays in vitro demonstrated the role of the inflammatory CXCL12–CXCR4 axis in CAF–myeloid cell cross-talk and recruitment of monocytes in tumor sites. Altogether, these data suggest an inflammation model whereby monocytes recruited to the tumor via the CAF-driven CXCL12–CXCR4 axis acquire protumorigenic LAM capacities to support an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Significance:
This work identifies a novel lipid–associated macrophage subpopulation with immune suppressive functions, offering new leads for therapeutic interventions in triple-negative breast cancer.
Broadening the MIND: Tafasitamab and Lenalidomide versus Synthetic Controls
Authors: Cherng Hua-Jay J. , Westin Jason R. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryTafasitamab and lenalidomide were approved for second-line treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on a single-arm phase II study. This combination was superior to routine immunochemotherapy regimens when comparing matched observational cohorts. “Synthetic” control groups may support use of novel DLBCL therapies in the absence of randomized studies.See related article by Nowakowski et al., p. 4003
Long Noncoding RNA MIR4435-2HG Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression By Reprogramming Neutrophils
Authors: Yu Hongfei , Chen Chaoyi , Han Fengyan , Tang Jinlong , Deng Mengli , Niu Yumiao , Lai Maode , Zhang Honghe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

MIR4435-2HG, also known as LINC00978, has previously been described as an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, we show here that Mir4435-2hg depletion promoted colorectal tumorigenesis and progression in in vivo models of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, spontaneous intestinal adenomatous polyposis, and subcutaneous tumors. Alteration of MIR4435-2HG in colorectal cancer cells did not change the potential for cell proliferation, migration, or invasion in vitro. RNAscope assays showed that most MIR4435-2HG was located in the tumor stroma, which caused high expression of MIR4435-2HG in colorectal cancer tumor tissue. Transcriptome analysis of colorectal cancer tissues from wild-type and Mir4435-2hg–deficient mice revealed Mir4435-2hg as a tumor suppressor gene that regulated the immune microenvironment. Loss of Mir4435-2hg led to a decline in neutrophils and elevation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). In tissue-specific Mir4435-2hg knockout mice, we confirmed that Mir4435-2hg depletion in neutrophils, but not in intestinal epithelial cells, promoted colorectal cancer progression. Mechanistically, Mir4435-2hg depletion enhanced the immunosuppressive ability of PMN-MDSCs by disturbing their fatty acid metabolism. These findings suggest that MIR4435-2HG is a tumor-suppressing lncRNA whose deficiency could increase tumor-infiltrating PMN-MDSCs and enhance the immunosuppressive potential of PMN-MDSCs to promote colorectal cancer development. This provides a theoretical basis for further illustrating the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and a potential antitumor immunotherapy target.
Resource Allocation in the Noise-Free Striatal Beat Frequency Model of Interval Timing
Authors: Oprisan Sorinel A. , Novo Dereck , Buhusi Mona , Buhusi Catalin V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Striatal Beat Frequency (SBF) model of interval timing uses many neural oscillators, presumably located in the frontal cortex (FC), to produce beats at a specific criterion time Tc. The coincidence detection produces the beats in the basal ganglia spiny neurons by comparing the current state of the FC neural oscillators against the long-term memory values stored at reinforcement time Tc. The neurobiologically realistic SBF model has been previously used for producing precise and scalar timing in the presence of noise. Here we simplified the SBF model to gain insight into the resource allocation problem in interval timing networks. Specifically, we used a noise-free SBF model to explore the lower limits of the number of neural oscillators required for producing accurate timing. Using abstract sine-wave neural oscillators in the SBF-sin model, we found that the lower limit of the number of oscillators needed is proportional to the criterion time Tc and the frequency span (fmax − fmin) of the FC neural oscillators. Using biophysically realistic Morris–Lecar model neurons in the SBF-ML model, the lower bound increased by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the SBF-sin model.
Optimizing Observing Systems Using ASPEN: An Analysis Tool to Assess the Benefit and Cost Effectiveness of Observations to Earth System Applications
Authors: Boukabara Sid-Ahmed , Hoffman Ross N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Advanced Systems Performance Evaluation tool for NOAA (ASPEN) is developed to help support designing and evaluating existing and planned observing systems in terms of comparative assessment, trade-offs analysis, and design optimization studies. ASPEN is a dynamic tool that rapidly assesses the benefit and cost effectiveness of environmental data obtained from any set of observing systems, whether ground-based or space-based, whether an individual sensor or a collection of sensors. The ASPEN assessed cost effectiveness accounts for the level of ability to measure the environment, the cost(s) associated with acquiring these measurements, and the degree of usefulness of these measurements to users and applications. It computes both the use benefit, measured as a requirements-satisfaction metric, and the cost effectiveness (equal to the benefit-to-cost ratio). ASPEN provides a uniform interface to compare the performance of different observing systems and to capture the requirements and priorities of applications. This interface describes the environment in terms of geophysical observables and their attributes. A prototype implementation of ASPEN is described and demonstrated in this study to assess the benefits of several observing systems for a range of applications. ASPEN could be extended to other types of studies, such as assessing the cost effectiveness of commercial data to applications in all the NOAA mission service areas, and ultimately to societal application areas, and thereby become a valuable addition to the observing systems assessment toolbox.
Convective Couplings with Equatorial Rossby Waves and Equatorial Kelvin Waves. Part II: Coupled Precipitation Characteristics
Authors: Nakamura Yuhi , Takayabu Yukari N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Detailed precipitation characteristics coupled with equatorial Rossby and Kelvin waves are investigated. We prepare a rainfall event dataset using the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) level 2 data. Utilizing three indices, area size, maximum echo-top height, and stratiform precipitation ratio, rainfall events are classified into mesoscale convective system (MCS), deep, congestus, and shallow convective events, and “other” type. We perform composite analyses based on the wave phase defined in Part I. Precipitation amount in Rossby waves is in phase with column water vapor (CWV) anomalies and is mainly contributed by MCSs, which are simultaneously activated with deep convection. The large CWV can support deep development and organization of convection. Shallow and congestus convective events indicate their peaks just before the active phase on 10°N or in the later part of the convectively suppressed phase on the equator. A five-step evolution is shown in Kelvin waves. In the first stage, shallow convective events are triggered by high SST, followed by a dominance of congestus convective events. Then, in the developing stage, deep convective events become dominant. In the mature stage, heavy precipitation is contributed by MCSs, and mostly stratiform rain is maximized at later stages. Kelvin waves indicate relatively weak connection to CWV fluctuation. Although contrasted evolutions are indicated, large contributions by MCSs to precipitation amount are common among the two coupled waves. This is considered to result in the commonality of the equivalent depths with their top-heavy heating.

Significance Statement
A coupling mechanism between equatorial waves and convective activity is a key issue in the tropical meteorology. While many previous idealized studies suggested some instability mechanisms, detailed precipitation characteristics is not enough investigated. We prepare rainfall-event dataset observed from a spaceborne Precipitation Radar on board the TRMM satellite to quantify detailed precipitation characteristics statistically and compare equatorial Rossby waves and equatorial Kelvin waves. We found that organized convective systems and deep convection are simultaneously activated in the Rossby waves and a clear transition of convective activity is shown in the Kelvin waves. These characteristics highly correspond to waves’ synoptic-scale structures. Our observational results of detailed evolutions of rainfall events will improve understanding of coupling processes.