bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal and educational experiences of medical students on attitudes towards Psychiatry
Authors: Tai Andy Man Yeung , Suen Janet , Chopra Gurpreet , Westenberg Jean Nicholas , Elsner Julie , Cabanis Maurice , Kamel Mostafa Mamdouh , Schomerus Georg , Bluhm Marie , Maremmani Angelo Giovanni Icro , Moghadam Arash , Meyer Maximilian , Choi Fiona , Krausz Reinhard Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Given the increasing global burden of mental illness, the existing shortage of psychiatrists internationally is a concerning development with a deteriorating trajectory. In 2016, only 5% of US medical students considered a career in psychiatry, and the situation is similar in other areas (e.g., European countries). Attracting medical students to the field of psychiatry is evidently necessary. This paper investigates European medical students’ attitudes towards psychiatry, their intentions to pursue psychiatry as a career, and the role of different factors such as personal experience and education on their interest in psychiatry.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was analyzed from 799 medical students in two European countries. Data was collected in 2016. Participants completed a survey on their attitudes towards psychiatry, their medical education regarding psychiatry, and personal experiences. Cross tabulations with chi-square tests were performed for inferential analyses using a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The number of years spent in medical school, the students’ personal experiences, and the perceived quality of education was significantly associated with specialty choice and ranking of psychiatry relative to other specialties. Students’ exposure to internships, psychiatric placements, and their view on psychiatric instructors also played a significant role in choosing psychiatry as a profession.
Conclusions: The systematic evaluation of students’ attitudes towards psychiatry and motivational factors for pursuing psychiatry as a specialty, such as psychiatric education in medical school and personal experience, can inform necessary changes in the recruitment of students to the field. Efforts must address the worldwide shortage of psychiatrists to effectively reduce the burden of disease associated with mental health and substance use.
FGF-18 protects the injured spinal cord in mice by suppressing pyroptosis and promoting autophagy via AKT-mTOR-TRPML1 axis.
Authors: Li Feida , Cai Tingwen , Yu Letian , Zhang Haojie , Geng Yibo , Kuang Jiaxuan , Wang Yongli , Cai Yuepiao , Wang Xiangyang , Xu Hui , Ni Wenfei , Zhou Kailiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to a severe medical condition with lasting effects. The efficacy of numerous clinical treatments is hampered by its intricate pathophysiological mechanism. FGF-18 has been found to exert neuroprotective effects after brain ischaemia, while its effect after SCI has not been well explored. In the present study, we used a mice model of SCI and found that FGF-18 may significantly affect functional recovery. The present findings demonstrated that FGF-18 directly promoted functional recovery by increasing autophagy and decreasing pyroptosis. In addition, FGF-18 upregulated autophagy, and the well-known autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3MA), reversed the therapeutic benefits of FGF-18 on SCI, suggesting that autophagy mediates the therapeutic benefits of FGF-18 on SCI. After stimulation of the AKT-TRPML1-calcineurin signalling pathway, mechanistic analysis revealed that the FGF-18-induced increase in autophagy was mediated by the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TFE3. Together, these findings indicated that FGF-18 is a robust autophagy modulator capable of accelerating functional recovery after SCI, suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for application in the clinic.
Role of size-dependent damping due to electron-surface scattering on the Al nanoparticle-based deep ultraviolet surface enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Mahata T. , Patar P. , Sahoo S. , Mandal A. , Dantham V. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Herein, we report the theoretical investigation to understand the role of size-dependent damping (SDD) due to electron-surface scattering on the Al nanoparticle-based deep ultraviolet surface-enhanced fluorescence. First, the absorption spectra and electric field enhancement (EFE) inside and outside Al nanoparticles of different sizes are plotted with and without considering SDD. Later, the role of SDD on the near and far field plasmonic properties of Au and Ag nanoparticles of different sizes are investigated for comparison. Finally, Al nanoparticle-based SEF enhancement is estimated for different nanoparticle sizes, emission wavelengths, and separations between nanoparticle and fluorophore with and without considering the SDD.
The role of stakeholder involvement in EU research and innovation policy: a case study of Technology Platform Organics
Authors: Gambelli Danilo , Vairo Daniela , Cuoco Eduardo , Zanoli Raffaele 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses the importance that participatory approaches may play in shaping the innovation policy in the context of the EU research framework programme. The paper reports case-study research on the role of “TP Organics”, a European Technology Platform (ETP) that supports research and innovation in organic farming in the EU. The case study is based on data concerning the relevance of resources pertaining to organic farming in the EU’s most recent framework programmes for research and development (FP7 and Horizon 2020). We use process tracing to analyse the causal effects of the participatory approach used by TP Organics in defining policies and promoting funding for the organic sector. Data concerning textual content analysis on research calls and budget disaggregation for EU research funding are used to test the hypothesis that the engagement of stakeholders provides concrete effects in terms of the number of research projects explicitly oriented to organic farming and the amount of research funding made available. Results refer to the outcomes of a structured testing sequence for the key hypotheses supporting the causal model. They show that the impact of TP Organics relies on its successful multi-stakeholder participatory processes, which have improved the relevance of research themes related to organic farming and have ultimately yielded an increase in financed research projects and financial contributions to research on organic farming in the EU. Conclusions provide some theoretical generalisations on the importance of stakeholder engagement in successfully lobbying for research policy.
Normal weight obesity – prevalence and time trends in children and adolescents from Poland
Authors: Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz , Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To analyse the changes in the prevalence of normal weight obesity in 8-18-year-olds from Kraków (Poland) between 2010 and 2020.
Methods: The study was based on two sets of cross-sectional, school-based data obtained in 2010 and 2020. Body height, weight and adiposity were obtained. Body Mass Index was calculated, and only normal-weight individuals were included. Normal weight obesity was defined as normal BMI with adiposity >85 percentile for age and sex.
Results: The prevalence of normal weight obesity among Polish children and adolescents has been alarming for at least the last ten years. Depending on the sex and age, normal weight obesity was present in more than ten up to even more than 20 percent of the examined population.
Conclusions: Alarming numbers of Polish children and adolescents suffer from NWO and this problem seems to be present for at least the last decade. A need for a maximally universal definition and cut-offs to diagnose normal weight obesity should also be stressed, as it will be helpful in providing the best prophylaxis and help to persons already suffering from normal weight obesity.
Similarity analysis and phylogenetic trees from cellular automata imaging of lysozyme proteins
Authors: Souza Luryane F. , Pereira Hernane B. B. , Filho Tarcisio M. Rocha , Machado Bruna A. S. , Moret Marcelo A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Protein sequences encode information on their function and, when compared to the same proteins of different species, on their evolutionary relationships. We show in the present work how to analyze protein sequence similarities between different animal species using cellular automata imaging, which can be used to classify them according to common ancestors. Our approach consists of using the resulting states (images) from the evolution of one-dimensional cellular automata, with properly chosen evolution and coding rules, to represent a neighborhood of the active site of the lysozyme protein in each species. Hamming distances between such images are computed and then combined into a distance matrix, and from it we build a phylogenetic tree using a clustering analysis. This distance approximates animals of the same class, showing that the active site region is the most conserved for these animals. One advantage of our approach is that it only requires a neighborhood of the protein’s active site and not the whole sequence. We illustrate our approach by building a phylogenetic tree relating 19 different animal species.
Performance of the WRF Model in the Wind Speed ​​Simulation in the Semiarid Region of Northeast Brazil
Authors: SANTOS IWLDSON GUILHERME DA SILVA , Lyra Roberto Fernando da Fonseca , Júnior Rosiberto Salustiano da Silva , Júnior José Francisco de Oliveira , Barbosa Isnaldo Isaac , de Souza Francisco de Assis Salviano , Brito Rodrigo Matheus da Silva , Cardoso Kelvy Rosalvo Alencar , Silva Luan Santos de Oliveira , Alves Tiago de Lima 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model in the simulation of wind speed in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (NEB). The accuracy of the simulations was determined by comparing between forecast (WRF) and observed (OBS) values with an average every 10 minutes. The measurements were made in a 100 m high anemometric tower during the execution of the Project Previsão do Vento em Parques Eólicos do Nordeste Brasileiro – PVPN. The tower was installed in a flat semiarid location in Craíbas, Alagoas - NEB. The period analyzed was five months (2015/03/01 to 2015/07/31). The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (DS) including central and dispersion measures; bivariate statistics (BS) that includes the correlations (Pearson, Kendall and Spearman) with a t-Student hypothesis test to verify the representativeness of the correlations, and errors statistics (ES) with equations to verify the effectiveness of the simulation; Simple Linear Regression (SLR); Normal and Weibull probability density function (PDF); Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In addition to the temporal assessment of wind speed, temporal distribution of the average daily cycle (ADC), boxplot, scatterplot (1:1) and relative frequency distribution. The results showed that the simulation made by the WRF model reproduced well the daily temporal evolution of the wind in the studied period with a small tendency of underestimation. These results indicate the potential of the WRF model in the modeling of wind speed for the region studied and can contribute to the production of wind energy.
In Silico Profiling of Non-Synonymous SNPs of Fat Mass and Obesity- Associated Gene: Possible impacts on the treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Patnaik Damini , Jena Atala Bihari , Duttaroy Asim K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver, or NAFLD is the most common chronic liver ailment. It is characterised by excessive fat deposition in hepatocytes of individuals who consume little or no alcohol and are not affected by specific liver damaging factors. It is also associated with extrahepatic manifestations like chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and sleep apnea. Genome-Wide Association Studies have uncovered SNPs in the Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO) robust association with obesity and higher BMI. Since epidemiological evidence suggests an association of NAFLD with obesity and higher BMI, FTO can be a crucial modulator of NAFLD.
Methods: This study has identified potentially deleterious non-synonymous SNPs (ns-SNPs) employing various in silico tools. The structural changes caused by identified SNPs were studied using molecular modelling approaches. Also, the binding potentials of phytochemicals resveratrol, rosamarinic acid, and capsaicin with different mutant forms of FTO were investigated using molecular dynamics studies.
Results: We identified five potentially deleterious mutations from 383 ns-SNPs in the human FTO gene using various in silico tools. In the present study, we identified 5 nsSNPs of human gene FTO: Gly103Asp, Arg96Pro, Tyr295Cys and Arg322Gln with potential disease association using the Insilco approach. Modulation of demethylation activity by phytomolecule scan explains the hepatoprotective action of molecules. We showed that the binding ability of three polyphenols, rosamarinic acid, resveratrol, and capsaicin, was not affected by predicted mutations.
Conclusion: Since these molecules impart their effects on binding FTO, our data findings may help develop drugs for NAFLD.
Local Radiotherapy for Murine Breast Cancer Increases Risk of Metastasis by Promoting the Recruitment of M-MDSCs in Lung
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Zheng , Yao Zhi-Yan , Zhang Zi-Meng , Cui Ling , Zhang Ling , Qiu Gang , Song Xiao-Tian , Song shuxia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Explore how exosomes released by X-ray irradiated tumor cells promote the formation of pulmonary metastatic nodules by inducing the recruitment of MDSCs to the lung.
Methods
BALB/c mice were injected with 4T1 tumor cells into the mammary adipose pad and allowed to grow for 28 days. On the 10th day of tumor inoculating, the primary tumor was irradiated by X-ray with a single dose of 20Gy. The mice were monitored for tumor growth, the number of pulmonary metastasis nodules and frequency of MDSCs. Antibody microarray and ELISA methods were used to analyze the altered cytokines (G-CSF, GM-CSF and CXCL1) in exosomes released by 4T1 cells after X-ray irradiation. The effects of the exosomes on the recruitment of MDSCs in the lung and facilitating the colonization of 4T1 in the lung were observed in normal BALB/c mice. Transwell method was used to observe the promotion of MDSCs migration by exosomes, lung tissue extracts from 4T1 tumor-bearing mice and GM-CSF via CCR2/CXCR2 signals, meanwhile, the effect of MDSCs on T lymphocytes function and migration of 4T1 cells were observed by the co-culture system.
Results
Even though radiotherapy reduced the burden of primary tumors and larger lung metastatic nodules (≥ 0.5 mm2), the number of smaller metastases (< 0.5 mm2) significantly increased. In addition, radiotherapy markedly potentiated M-MDSCs and reduced PMN-MDSCs recruitment in lung of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the frequency of M-MDSCs in lung was positively correlated with the number of smaller metastatic nodules. Using co-culture experiments, we provided evidence that M-MDSCs of the lung in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice markedly inhibited T cell proliferation and killing activity, while M-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs had a similar role in facilitating tumor cell dissemination. The G-CSF, GM-CSF and CXCL1 rich exosomes derived from irradiated 4T1 (ir/4T1-exo) could facilitate both M-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs migration by CXCL1/CXCR2 signal. While the lung tissue extracts of irradiated mice or culture medium of macrophage treated with ir/4T1-exo showed an obvious tendency to chemotaxis on M-MDSCs. Mechanistically, ir/4T1-exo could induce macrophage to produce GM-CSF, which in turn further promoted CCL2 release in an autocrine manner to recruit M-MDSCs via CCL2/CCR2 axis.
Conclusions
Our work has identified an undesired effect of radiotherapy promoting immunosuppressive premetastatic niches by recruiting M-MDSCs to lung. Further studies on RT combined inhibition of CXCR2 or CCR2 signals were necessary.
JAG1 Variants Confer Genetic Susceptibility to Thyroid Dysgenesis and Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis with Different Mechanisms
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Fengqi , Wang Fang , Zhao Dehua , Liu Shiguo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and objective:
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common and preventable neonatal endocrine disorder, with an incidence of 1 in 2000–3000 newborns worldwide, and 1 in 2400 in China. However, the genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism, in particular due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD) remain largely unknown. Previous study indicated that JAG1 is a novel susceptibility gene for congenital thyroid defects. To explore the association between JAG1 and CH, we screened JAG1 variants in a large cohort of 813 CH patients.
Methods
We performed genetic analysis of JAG1 using next-generation sequencing in 813 CH cases. After data analysis and verification by Sanger sequencing, we identified 10 pathogenic variants in 25 patients. And then we performed further genetic analysis targeting 20 CH related genes in these 25 JAG1 variant carriers. The pathogenicity of variants were assessed by bioinformatics softwares, protein sequence conservation analysis, and hydrophobic analysis.
Results
We identified 10 pathogenic missense mutations (p.V45L, p.V272I, p.P552L, p.G610E, p.G852D, p.A891T, p.E1030K, p.R1060W, p.A1131T, p.P1174L) carried by 25 patients, the mutation rate of JAG1 in CH was 3.08%. Among these 25 patients, 16 with 1 variant, 6 with 2 variants, and the other 3 with 3 variants. Our findings indicated that JAG1 variants confer genetic susceptibility to both TD and DH, but with different inheritance models. JAG1 variants lead to TD mainly through monogenic model, while for DH cases, both monogenic mechanisms and oligogenic mechanisms play a pivotal role. Oligogenicity may contribute to the disease severity of DH.
Conclusion
JAG1 is one of the overlap of genetic aetiologies in TD and DH, with the detection rate in CH in China was 3.08%. The comparation between oligogenic group and monogenic group revealed that CH may exhibit a gene dosage effect. Patients with the same JAG1 mutation demonstrate a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, indicating the mechanisms involved in its phenotypic heterogeneity is complex.
Bayesian mixture copula estimation and selection
Authors: Liu Yujian , Xie Dejun , Yu Siyi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mixture copula is a popular and essential tool for studying complex dependencies among variables. However, selecting the correct mixture models often involve repeated testing and estimations, which could cause effort and time. In this paper, we propose a method that would enable us to select and estimate the correct mixture copula simultaneously. This is done by first overfitting the model, then conducting the Bayesian estimation. We verify the correctness of our approach by numerical simulation. Finally, the real data analysis is done by studying the dependencies among three major financial markets.
MSC 2020: 6208, 62F15, 62H05, 62H30
Age-dependent topic modelling of comorbidities in UK Biobank identifies disease subtypes with differential genetic risk
Authors: Jiang Xilin , McVean Gil , Price Alkes L. , Zhang Martin , Zhang Yidong , Inouye Michael , Holmes Chris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Longitudinal data from electronic health records (EHR) has immense potential to improve clinical diagnoses and personalised medicine, motivating efforts to identify disease subtypes from age-dependent patient comorbidity information. We introduce an age-dependent topic modelling (ATM) method that provides a low-rank representation of longitudinal records of hundreds of distinct diseases in large EHR data sets. The model learns, and assigns to each individual, topic weights for several disease topics, each of which reflects a set of diseases that tend to co-occur as a function of age. Simulations show that ATM attains high accuracy in distinguishing distinct age-dependent comorbidity profiles. We applied ATM to 282,957 UK Biobank samples, analysing 1,726,144 disease diagnoses spanning 348 diseases with ≥1,000 incidences. We inferred 10 disease topics optimising model fit. We identified 52 diseases with heterogeneous comorbidity profiles (≥500 incidences assigned to each of ≥2 topics), including breast cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia; for most of these diseases, topic assignments were highly age-dependent, suggesting differences in disease aetiology for early-onset vs. late-onset disease. We defined subtypes of the 52 heterogeneous diseases based on the topic assignments, and compared genetic risk across subtypes using polygenic risk scores (PRS). We identified 18 disease subtypes whose PRS differed significantly from other subtypes of the same disease, including a subtype of T2D characterised by cardiovascular comorbidities and a subtype of asthma characterised by dermatological comorbidities. We further identified specific SNPs underlying these differences. For example, the T2D-associated SNP rs1063192 in the CDKN2B locus has a higher odds ratio in the top quartile of cardiovascular topic weight (1.19±0.02) than in the bottom quartile (1.08±0.02) (P=4×10-5 for difference). In conclusion, ATM identifies disease subtypes with differential genome-wide and locus-specific genetic risk profiles.
The Effects of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Microbiota in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Clinical Trials
Authors: Mozafarybazargany Mohammadhossein , Khonsari Nami Mohammadian , Sokoty Leily , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Qorbani Mostafa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the most effective method to manage celiac disease (CD). Many patients do not reach the complete symptom alleviation, even by strict GFD. Recent studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the beneficial benefits of taking probiotics. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the possible underlying causes in CD and celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) patients.
Methods
Databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for clinical trials published until July 2022 about assessing the effects of probiotics or synbiotics on CD or CDA patients. We collected data on GI symptoms, CD markers, inflammatory and immune responses, adverse events, and gut microbiota. A random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and confidence interval (CI).
Results
We screened 7234 articles, of which 14 were included in the qualitative analysis and 5 in the quantitative analysis. Probiotics might alleviate GI symptoms, especially in the highly symptomatic patients and improve immune response in CD and CDA patients. Results of the meta-analysis showed that probiotics increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium (SMD:0.72, 95%CI (0.13,1.30) and Lactobacillus (SMD:0.49, 95%CI (0.18,0.80) as compared with placebo. Probiotics did not increase the adverse events compared to the placebo.
Conclusion
Probiotics might alleviate GI symptoms and immune response and improve dysbiosis in CD and CDA patients. However, high-quality clinical trials are needed to increase the level of evidence. Also, the most suitable combination of probiotics is yet to find.