bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Line Morphology of Greater Tuberosity Fragments of Neer Three‐ and Four‐Part Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Ju Jiabao , Ma Mingtai , Zhang Yichong , Ding Zhentao , Fu Zhongguo , Chen Jianhai 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveIn complicated Neer three‐ and four‐part proximal humerus fracture (PHF), greater tuberosity (GT) fragments are often comminuted, and the currently widely used locking plate may not fix GT fragments effectively. A further understanding of morphological characteristics of the GT fragments may help explore new fixation devices. This study aimed to determine the fracture line morphology of the GT fragment of Neer three‐ or four‐part PHF and analyze the location relationship between the locking plate and the GT fragment.MethodsSeventy‐one three‐dimensional computed tomography scans of Neer three‐ and four‐part PHF were retrospectively reviewed between January 2014 and June 2019. Fracture fragments were reconstructed and virtually reduced in the Mimics software, and fracture lines of GT fragments were depicted on a humerus template in the 3‐matic software and then were superimposed altogether. The common sites of the GT fracture were identified, and the location relationship between the locking plate and GT fragments was analyzed in a computer‐simulated scenario.ResultsThe fracture line morphology of GT fragments was similar between Neer three‐ and four‐part PHF. The overall morphology of GT fragments was in a fan shape, which could be summarized as anterior, superior, posterior, and middle lines. Of these, we identified 51 split and 29 avulsion type GT fragments based on the Mutch classification, and they could occur simultaneously in a PHF. The overall morphology of split type fragments was in a fan shape, and avulsion type fragments showed a quite distinguishable distribution pattern. A GT fragment could be classified as anterior‐split, posterior‐split, complete‐split, anterior ‐avulsion, and posterior‐avulsion type based on its morphology and location. The median percentage of fragment area covered by the plate was 32.3% in all of the fragments, and it was 69.4%, 23.0%, 37.2%, 21.8%, 0.0% in anterior‐split, posterior‐split, complete‐split, anterior‐avulsion, and posterior‐avulsion type GT fragments. We defined the posterior‐split, anterior‐avulsion, and posterior‐avulsion type GT fragments as the risky GT fragments, and they occurred in 43 (60.6%) Neer three‐ and four‐part PHFs.ConclusionThe fracture line morphology of GT fragments of Neer three‐ and four‐part PHF was in a fan shape. GT fragments could be classified based on their location and morphology. The extent of GT fragment coverage provided by the locking plate differed in various fragment types, and we identified the anterior‐avulsion, posterior‐avulsion, and posterior‐split type fragments as the risky GT fragments with a high incidence rate in Neer three‐ and four‐part PHFs.
Second‐degree burn induced by high‐concentration topical capsaicin with mobility sequelae: A case report
Authors: Trin Kilian , Perino Justine , Allouchery Marion , Géniaux Hélène , Miremont Ghada , Salvo Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐concentration topical capsaicin is used as a second‐line treatment for neuropathic pain. Transient, mild burning sensation and erythema are expected adverse drug reactions. Here, we report the first case of second degree burn after the application of a high‐concentration topical capsaicin patch with secondary mobility sequelae. Nine months after the application, neuropathic pain still remained and the patient described mobility difficulties in daily activities, preventing her from returning to work. This report aims to raise the question of the benefit/risk ratio of high concentration topical capsaicin.
Regulatory overlap: A systematic quantitative literature review
Authors: Robb Lachlan , Candy Trent , Deane Felicity 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRegulatory failure caused by overlapping regulations is ubiquitous, with examples in all jurisdictions across a range of disciplines. Overlapping regulation can be problematic. It obscures policy objectives and hinders the development of effective and clear regulation. In addition, regulatory overlap can inflict real costs on businesses through repetitive inspections and data collection efforts. It is particularly burdensome when agencies issue conflicting rules with inconsistent standards. Recognizing that regulatory overlap exists and is a problem provides the context to this program of research. Our research project was an exploration using a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) method to better understand the way regulatory failure, caused by overlapping regulations, has featured in academic literature. The SQLR method was chosen as it employs a systematic process to consolidate a sample of literature, and quantitative measures to draw connections between different academic sources. Ultimately, our research concluded that the literature does not provide clear prescriptive principles for reducing unnecessary regulatory overlap. This begs a question as to whether more research is needed in this area, or alternatively whether the complexities raised by regulatory overlap are not reducible to general principles.
Sample Design for Analysis using High-Influence Probability Sampling
Authors: Clark Robert G. , Steel David G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSample designs are typically developed to estimate summary statistics such as means, proportions and prevalences. Analytical outputs may also be a priority but there are fewer methods and results on how to efficiently design samples for the fitting and estimation of statistical models. This paper develops a general approach for determining efficient sampling designs for probability-weighted maximum likelihood estimators and considers application to generalized linear models. We allow for non-ignorable sampling, including outcome-dependent sampling. The new designs have probabilities of selection closely related to influence statistics such as dfbeta and Cook's distance. The new approach is shown to perform well in a simulation based on data from the New Zealand Health Survey.
Foreign acquisition and firm performance in sub‐Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Wabiga Paul , Rankin Neil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the effect of foreign acquisition on numerous performance outcomes of hitherto indigenously owned firms. We use a 12‐year (1991–2002) panel data set of manufacturing firms in Ghana. Taking merit of the availability of feasible preacquisition covariates, we utilise both regression and matching methods with difference‐in‐differences techniques to handle possible endogeneity due to selection bias of the acquisition decision and inherent firm‐level heterogeneity. Our findings confirm that indeed foreign investors tend to target (cherry‐pick) high‐performing indigenous firms. Additionally, findings from regression analysis reveal positive and significant acquisition effects on average wages, productivity and output. We do not find statistically significant acquisition effects on employment and skill intensity. Robustness check on results using matching and difference‐in‐differences estimation generally confirms these results with negligible differences. A key recommendation arising from study findings is that developing economies especially in sub‐Saharan Africa should strengthen policies that aim to attract more inward foreign investments.
Identification of an acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐resistant johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.) population from a cotton field in northern Greece
Authors: Papapanagiotou Aristeidis P. , Loukovitis Dimitrios , Damalas Christos A. , Eleftherohorinos Ilias G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA putative resistant johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.) population from a cotton field in northern Greece was studied to determine the levels of resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides and elucidate related mechanisms of resistance. The johnsongrass population showed cross‐resistance to the ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides fluazifop‐p‐butyl, quizalofop‐p‐ethyl, and propaquizafop, with poor levels of control even with four times of the recommended rates of these herbicides. However, the johnsongrass population was highly sensitive (100% control) to the ACCase inhibitors cycloxydim and clethodim and to the acetolactate synthase inhibitor nicosulfuron. Amplification and sequencing of the ACCase gene fragment from johnsongrass plants revealed an Ile to Asn substitution at codon 2041 of the ACCase enzyme. This is the first record of a molecularly confirmed ACCase‐resistant johnsongrass population from cotton fields in Europe. These findings highlight a threat against the sustainable use of ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in controlling johnsongrass and other grasses in cotton fields.
Economic Freedom, Climate Culpability, and Physical Activity Indicators Among Children and Adolescents: Report Card Grades From the Global Matrix 4.0
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Abi Nader Patrick , Aubert Salomé , González Silvia A. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Khan Asaduzzaman , Huang Wendy Y. , Manyanga Taru , Morrison Shawnda , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Macrolevel factors such as economic and climate factors can be associated with physical activity indicators. This study explored patterns and relationships between economic freedom, climate culpability, and Report Card grades on physical activity-related indicators among 57 countries/jurisdictions participating in the Global Matrix 4.0. Methods: Participating countries/jurisdictions provided Report Card grades on 10 common indicators. Information on economic freedom and climatic factors were gathered from public data sources. Correlations between the key variables were provided by income groups (ie, low- and middle-income countries/jurisdictions and high-income countries/jurisdictions [HIC]). Results: HIC were more economically neoliberal and more responsible for climate change than low- and middle-income countries. Annual temperature and precipitation were negatively correlated with behavioral/individual indicators in low- and middle-income countries but not in HIC. In HIC, correlations between climate culpability and behavioral/individual and economic indicators were more apparent. Overall, poorer grades were observed in highly culpable countries/jurisdictions in the highly free group, while in less/moderately free groups, less culpable countries/jurisdictions showed poorer grades than their counterparts in their respective group by economic freedom. Conclusions: Global-level physical activity promotion strategies should closely evaluate different areas that need interventions tailored by income groups, with careful considerations for inequities in the global political economy and climate change.
Rheoreaction in Danio rerio (Cyprinidae): Influence of Flow Velocity and Availability of Still Water Zones
Authors: Pavlov D. S. , Parshina V. Yu. , Kostin V. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The results of an experimental study of the influence of the flow velocity on the rheoreaction indices of Danio rerio, rheopreferendum and the ratio of the frequencies of various types of rheoreaction, are presented. At a crucial for fish flow velocity of 0.30, their rheopreferendum is positive, while at 0.80, negative. The ratio of rheoreaction types at these velocity levels was typical for resident fish. At a crucial flow velocity of 0.45, the rheopreferendum was not expressed, and the fish behavior was typical for upstream-migrating individuals. A decrease in the accessibility of the limnozone (limitation of the zone’s entrance width) in the circular tank reduces the number of fish returning to it and changes the ratio of their rheoreaction types. At the maximum width of the entrance (19 cm), the ratio of zebrafish rheoreaction types reflects the behavior characteristic of migrating individuals, while for all other variants (10, 3, and 1 cm) it is typical for resident forms. It is shown that the rheopreferendum is a less complete and reliable assessment of rheoreaction than the ratio of rheoreaction types. The applicability of rheoreaction indicators is considered.
The Sukil River valley: a natural geological laboratory (case studies from the Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors: Bubniak Ihor M. , Bubniak Andrij M. , Vikhot Yuriy M. , Kril Solomiia Ya. , Oliinyk Maria A. , Bihun Mykola V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this chapter we present a brief geological description of the Sukil River valley, which is located in the Ivano-Frankivsk region in the western part of Ukraine, and the interesting geological features found there. Here, different types of rocks are exposed over a small area. The area is rich in various structural features such as joints, small faults, and different types of folds, duplexes and clastic dykes. Two outcrops of folds found in the Cretaceous deposits in the village of Bukivets are unique geosites. In addition, in the city of Bolekhiv, there are the ruins of a saltery.
We describe the types of research conducted in this natural laboratory, most of which concerns structural geology. Geological phenomena are studied using both classical approaches and the latest technologies. Electronic compasses were used widely in the study of mesostructures.
For the first time, balanced geological sections have been constructed for the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians both for outcrops and for the entire Sukil River valley. Ground-based laser scanning was used for the detailed mapping of folds in Bukivets. Subsequently, the exposure was studied using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, which was used to construct virtual geological outcrops that can be used widely for educational purposes. The urgency for creating virtual tours became apparent during the COVID pandemic. These models were also used to create the ‘Geo-Carpathians’ project, a Polish–Ukrainian geotourism route through the Carpathian Mountains.
These models can be also used to assist in the teaching of the structural geology of the Carpathians, in the geological training of Earth Sciences students, in excursions for different types of Ukrainian and international conferences, for high-school students, and, indeed, for anyone interested in geology.
The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review
Authors: Penn-Clarke C. R. , Browning C. , Harper D. A. T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Outcrops of the Ordovician System in South Africa are extensive; they cover significant portions of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces as part of the Cape Fold Belt as well as the KwaZulu-Natal Province as supracrustal cover overlying the Natal sector of the Paleoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal metamorphic province. Within the Cape Fold Belt, Ordovician rocks of the Table Mountain Group (Piekenierskloof, Graafwater, Peninsula, Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations as well as the enigmatic Sardinia Bay Formation) outcrop extensively whilst pre-Cape rocks of the Kansa Group (Vaartwell, Uitvlug, Gezwinds Kraal and Schoongezigt formations) and Schoemanspoort Formation are present within the Kango Inlier encapsulated by the fold belt. The Natal Group (Durban and Mariannhill formations) is entirely located within KwaZulu-Natal. For the most part, these metasiliciclastic rocks are markedly unfossiliferous except for the world class fossil deposits of the Cedarberg Formation and important trace fossil sites in the Graafwater, Peninsula and Pakhuis formations. The lack of palaeontological material and other accurate geochronological proxies in these successions (as well as those of the Kansa and Natal groups and Schoemanspoort Formation) makes estimations of relative age constraints tenuous at best and difficult to correlate with global Ordovician chronostratigraphic frameworks. Regardless of the challenges faced in correlating these rocks within global frameworks, these rocks provide a unique low latitude glimpse into Earth surface processes and the feedback loops that ensued within the biological realm along the southern margin of Gondwana.
Ordovician strata of the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Myrow Paul M. , Hughes Nigel C. , Singh Birendra P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Ordovician rocks of the Indian Tethyan Himalaya contain a conspicuous angular unconformity between mostly marine Cambrian and overlying terrestrial Ordovician strata, which is a record of the Kurgiakh Orogeny. This tectonic event is traceable across the Tethyan Himalaya from Pakistan to Bhutan. The Pin Formation in the Spiti Valley provides a high-resolution account of the marine depositional history, palaeontology and isotope geochemistry of Late Ordovician events. The middle (Takche) member is late Katian and the upper Mikkim Member is lower Silurian (Llandovery), based on an ozarkodinid conodont fauna. The Pin Formation records the Boda event, the last warming interval prior to Hirnantian glaciation. The
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13
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chemostratigraphic data allow precise global correlation, and recognition of the Paroveja positive excursion, the last major excursion of the Katian. The Mikkim Member records a ‘lower HICE’ (Hirnantian isotopic carbon excursion) of the Katian–Hirnantian boundary interval. Palaeontological data indicate that there are no known fossils diagnostic of any Ordovician ages older than the Katian Stage in India. Evidence of Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the Lesser Himalaya is intriguing, but presently equivocal. The widespread absence of pre-Katian strata on the Indian subcontinent is due to erosion associated with the Kurghiak orogeny and delayed onlap onto topographically high areas.
The Ordovician of southern South America
Authors: Waisfeld Beatriz G. , Benedetto Juan Luis , Toro Blanca A. , Voldman Gustavo G. , Rubinstein Claudia V. , Heredia Susana , Assine Mario L. , Vaccari N. Emilio , Niemeyer Hans 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Early Paleozoic rocks are widespread, superbly exposed, and reach several thousand metres thick in southern South America. A largely quadripartite geotectonic subdivision of this huge area encompasses: (1) intracratonic basins forming the sedimentary cover of the Amazonian craton (Brazilian collage); (2) a clastic platform surrounding the Amazonian craton and the Pampia Terrane (Sierras Subandinas and Cordillera Oriental); (3) subduction-related parautochthonous volcanic arcs and associated volcano-sedimentary basins (Puna–Famatina arc); and (4) crustal fragments accreted to the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana (e.g. Cuyania Terrane). In this context, disparity in the geodynamic histories, preserved record and geological knowledge are remarkable. Biostratigraphical frameworks allow the recognition of global chronostratigraphical Ordovician subdivisions with fairly good resolution in the Early and Middle Ordovician of the Precordillera and the Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental of Argentina. In Sierras Subandinas and Cordillera Oriental of Bolivia the Ordovician statigraphy is almost complete, although these extensive regions are still poorly known. In addition, trilobite-rich assemblages from the Cordillera Oriental and brachiopod-rich ones from Precordillera and Famatina offer a remarkable template for dissecting regionally different scenarios underlying Ordovician diversifications. Overall, a more complete knowledge of this key area of Gondwana will certainly enhance our understanding of the global dynamics during the Ordovician.
Sex Hormones in Breast Cancer Immunity
Authors: Hargrove-Wiley Ebony , Fingleton Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sex hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, regulate genomic and cellular processes that contribute to sex-specific disparities in the pathophysiology of various cancers. Sex hormones can modulate the immune signals and activities of tumor cells and tumor-associated leukocytes to support or suppress cancer progression. Therefore, hormonal differences between males and females play a crucial role in cancer immunity and in the response to therapies that exploit the intrinsic immune system to eliminate malignant cells. In this review, we summarize the impact of sex hormones in the breast cancer microenvironment, with a focus on how the hormonal environment affects tumor immunity. We also discuss the potential benefits of endocrine therapy used in combination with immunotherapy to strengthen the antitumor immune response.
Development of Combination Strategies for Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition in Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Peng Ke , Zhang Feifei , Wang Yichen , Sahgal Pranshu , Li Tianxia , Zhou Jin , Liang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yanxi , Sethi Nilay , Liu Tianshu , Zhang Haisheng , Bass Adam J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is an aggressive and frequently lethal subtype of gastric cancer. Because DGC often lacks genomic aberrations that indicate clear candidate therapeutic targets, it has been challenging to develop targeted therapies for this gastric cancer subtype. Our previous study highlighted the contribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the tumorigenesis of DGC and the potential efficacy of small-molecule FAK inhibitors. However, drug resistance to monotherapy often hinders the efficacy of treatment.

Experimental Design:
We generated a genome-scale library of open reading frames (ORF) in the DGC model of Cdh1−/−RHOAY42C/+ organoids to identify candidate mechanisms of resistance to FAK inhibition. Compensatory activated pathways were also detected following treatment with FAK inhibitors. Candidates were investigated by cotargeting in vitro and in vivo experiments using DGC.

Results:
We found that cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) promoted FAK inhibitor resistance in ORF screen. In addition, FAK inhibitor treatment in DGC models led to compensatory MAPK pathway activation. Small-molecule CDK4/6 inhibitors or MAPK inhibitors effectively enhanced FAK inhibitor efficacy in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that FAK inhibitors combined with MAPK inhibitors or CDK4/6 inhibitors warrant further testing in clinical trials for DGC.