bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neuronal dynamics in vivo
Authors: Day‐Cooney Julian , Dalangin Rochelin , Zhong Haining , Mao Tianyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these neuronal activities with high spatiotemporal resolution in the context of animal behavior is a necessary step to achieve a mechanistic understanding of brain function. With the rapid development and dissemination of highly optimized genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, a growing number of brain activities can now be visualized in vivo. To date, cellular calcium imaging, which has been largely used as a proxy for electrical activity, has become a mainstay in systems neuroscience. While challenges remain, voltage imaging of neural populations is now possible. In addition, it is becoming increasingly practical to image over half a dozen neurotransmitters, as well as certain intracellular signaling and metabolic activities. These new capabilities enable neuroscientists to test previously unattainable hypotheses and questions. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and delivery of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and highlights example applications in the context of in vivo imaging.image
Highlights of neuroanatomical discoveries of the mammalian gonadotropin‐releasing hormone system
Authors: Campbell Rebecca E. , Coolen Lique M. , Hoffman Gloria E. , Hrabovszky Erik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe anatomy and morphology of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons makes them both a joy and a challenge to investigate. They are a highly unique population of neurons given their developmental migration into the brain from the olfactory placode, their relatively small number, their largely scattered distribution within the rostral forebrain, and, in some species, their highly varied individual anatomical characteristics. These unique features have posed technological hurdles to overcome and promoted fertile ground for the establishment and use of creative approaches. Historical and more contemporary discoveries defining GnRH neuron anatomy remain critical in shaping and challenging our views of GnRH neuron function in the regulation of reproductive function. We begin this review with a historical overview of anatomical discoveries and developing methodologies that have shaped our understanding of the reproductive axis. We then highlight significant discoveries across specific groups of mammalian species to address some of the important comparative aspects of GnRH neuroanatomy. Lastly, we touch on unresolved questions and opportunities for future neuroanatomical research on this fascinating and important population of neurons.
Concept of reintervention with thorough lymphadenectomy after suboptimal resection of small‐intestine neuroendocrine neoplasms: A multicentre preliminary study
Authors: Deguelte Sophie , Hammoutene Cheryne , Poncet Gilles , Brunaud Laurent , Perrier Marine , Kianmanesh Reza , Cadiot Guillaume 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComplete surgical resection is the only hope to cure small intestine neuroendocrine neoplasms (SiNENs). However, inadequate lymphadenectomy or entire small bowel palpation for multiple primary tumours renders at least 20% of resections suboptimal. This study was undertaken to investigate reintervention outcomes after initial suboptimal resections (ISORs), and agreement between residual tumour identification on interval imaging and during reintervention. This retrospective, multicentre study included all patients undergoing reintervention within 18 months post ISOR. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was defined as the time from reintervention resection date to recurrence or any‐cause of death. The kappa coefficient assessed agreement rates between suspected residual tumour on interval imaging and its presence at reintervention. A total of 21 patients underwent reintervention for nonmetastatic SiNENs (median follow‐up 2.3 [IQR 0.6–3.75] years). Residual tumour, suspected in 17/21 (81%) patients based on interval imaging, was found in 20/21 (95%) during reintervention. Interval imaging–intraoperative detection agreement was fair for residual primary tumours (kappa = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.05–0.62; p = .09) and residual lymph node metastases (kappa = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.28–0.62; p = .45). Reintervention achieved complete tumour clearance in 16/21 (76%) patients, among whom 5/16 (31%) developed liver metastases during follow‐up. Median DFS was 70.6 months (IQR 39.7–not reached). Reintervention post‐ISOR can obtain tumour clearance and prolonged remission. It should be systematically discussed after suspected ISOR, even when postoperative imaging does not find any residual tumour. To maximize detection of potentially resectable residual disease, imaging modalities after “curative” surgery should be redefined.
The right ventricle under pressure: Anatomy and imaging in sickness and health
Authors: Stubbs Harrison , MacLellan Alexander , Lua Stephanie , Dormand Helen , Church Colin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe right ventricle (RV) is an important structure which serves a multitude of vital physiological functions in health. For many years, the left ventricle has dominated the focus of understanding in both biology and pathophysiology and the RV was felt to be more of a passive structure which rarely had an effect on disease states. However, it is increasingly recognised that the RV is essential to the homoeostasis of normal physiology and disturbances in RV structure and function have a substantial effect on patient outcomes. Indeed, the prognosis of diseases of lung diseases affecting the pulmonary vasculature and left heart disease is intimately linked to the function of the right ventricle. This review sets out to describe the developmental and anatomical complexities of the right ventricle while exploring the modern techniques employed to image and understand its function from a clinical perspective.
‘It enables the carers to see the person first’: Qualitative evaluation of point‐of‐care digital management system in residential aged care
Authors: Bail Kasia , Gibson Diane , Hind Alicia , Strickland Karen , Paterson Catherine , Merrick Eamon , Gibson Jo , Kozlovskaia Maria , O’Dea Amy , Smith Bridget , Redley Bernice 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate acceptability, efficiency, and quality of a new digital care management system in a residential aged care home (RACH).BackgroundImproving care quality and efficiency in RACH, while simultaneously upgrading data management, is a priority for communities and governments.DesignParticipatory action research with mixed methods data collection was employed to evaluate a digital care management system implemented at a 169‐bed RACH. This paper reports qualitative findings of the 2‐year evaluation.MethodsQualitative data were collected using focus groups with residents, visitors, nurses, managers, care workers, and consultants; resident/visitor and staff hallway interviews and responses to open‐ended questions in online staff surveys. Data were analysed thematically under the four predetermined study objectives. Reporting adhered to COREQ guidelines.Results325 data captures from 88 participants, over seven data sources were coded. Findings indicate that the system was acceptable to both residents and staff due to perceptions of time‐saving and improved quality of care. Increased efficiency was perceived through timeliness as well as reduced time spent retrieving and documenting information. Quality of care was improved through care scheduling individualised to resident needs, with reminders to avoid missed care. Relatives were reassured and activities were scheduled to loved one's preferences. The co‐design implementation process was successful through commitment to quality from leadership teams and prioritising the focus on the holistic needs of the residents.ConclusionA strong emphasis on co‐design with care staff in developing and implementing the digital care system contributed to a system that supported nursing and care work, facilitated reporting and documentation, and improved resident care and well‐being including identification of missed care.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses, carers, administrators, and advocates can support the co‐design creation of information systems that suit the workflow of an organisation and keep the focus on individualised models of care provision.
School Stock Inhaler Statutes and Regulations in the United States: A Systematic Review*
Authors: Lowe Ashley A. , Phan Hanna , Hall‐Lipsy Elizabeth , O'Shaughnessy Scott , Nash Bradley , Volerman Anna , Gerald Lynn B. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren with asthma should have immediate access to rescue medication. Yet, <15% of children have access to this life‐saving drug while at school.METHODSA search was conducted in the all states database of Westlaw to identify which the US states, territories, and the District of Columbia have a law for K‐12 schools. Terms searched included (inhaler or asthma/s medic!) and school and (prescription or order) from conception to December 2020. Demographic data from states with and without a policy were compared. All policies were examined for the following components: (1) type of law (statute or regulation); (2) type of school (charter, private/parochial or public); (3) training requirements; (4) devices; (5) prescriptive authority/safe harbor; (6) medication requirements; and (7) mandated documentation, reporting and funding.RESULTSOur systematic search revealed 15 locations with existing laws. States with a law had a higher percentage of children under 17‐years than states without a law (p = .02). Common components described were the applicability to various types of schools, training requirements for those empowered to administer, and civil liability protections for trained school personnel.CONCLUSIONSExisting stock inhaler laws differ vastly across the United States that may impact access to stock albuterol for children at their schools.
It Is Not Called Recess Anymore: Breaktime in Middle School
Authors: London Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool recess offers students a break from the rigors and immobility of academic learning, and a chance for social interaction, play, and physical activity. The recess literature is based on elementary schools, with little attention to older students. Early adolescents also need school breaks, and this study offers some of the first findings on how to organize this time to best support the developmental needs of middle schoolers.METHODSThe study explores middle school breatktime in 3 schools in California. It uses observations, interviews, and a student survey conducted in 2018. Data were coded thematically and analyzed.RESULTSFindings indicate a tradeoff between socialization and physical activity among students who falls along age and gender lines. Adults viewed their roles mainly as safety monitors, including both physical and emotional safety. They were aware of the limitations of their breaktime offerings, which generally included access to outdoor and a few alternative indoor spaces, and attributed not having more options to lack of resources.CONCLUSIONSFindings demonstrate the complexities of organizing breaktime space for early adolescents. Middle schools must plan their breaks with attention to developmentally appropriate activities, including games and sports as well as opportunities for other kinds of social interactions in safe, supportive environments.
Identity and well‐being in the skilled crafts and trades
Authors: Binder Martin , Blankenberg Ann‐Kathrin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe analyze the extent to which occupational identity is conducive to worker well‐being. Using a unique survey data set of individuals working in the German skilled crafts and trades (2017–2018, n = 757), we use a novel occupational identity measure that captures identity more broadly than just referring to organizational identification and social group membership, but rather comprises personal and relational elements inherent in one's work. The latter are linked to significant social interactions a worker has in their job and the former to specific work characteristics of the work conducted itself. We find that higher job satisfaction is related to a stronger sense of occupational identity in our sample. This relationship is quite sizable and robust across model specifications, whereas income is not associated with job satisfaction in most models. Occupational identity is positively associated with a number of work characteristics, viz. task significance, task and skill variety, as well as social support, and our analysis shows that identity mediates the influence of these characteristics with regard to job satisfaction.
Automated image localization to support rapid building reconnaissance in a large‐scale area
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Dyke Shirley J. , Lenjani Ali , Bilionis Ilias , Zhang Xin , Choi Jongseong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCollecting massive amounts of image data is a common way to record the postevent condition of buildings, to be used by engineers and researchers to learn from that event. Key information needed to interpret the image data collected during these reconnaissance missions is the location within the building where each image was taken. However, image localization is difficult in an indoor environment, as GPS is not generally available because of weak or broken signals. To support rapid, seamless data collection during a reconnaissance mission, we develop and validate a fully automated technique to provide robust indoor localization while requiring no prior information about the condition or spatial layout of an indoor environment. The technique is meant for large‐scale data collection across multiple floors within multiple buildings. A systematic method is designed to separate the reconnaissance data into individual buildings and individual floors. Then, for data within each floor, an optimization problem is formulated to automatically overlay the path onto the structural drawings providing robust results, and subsequently, yielding the image locations. The end‐to‐end technique only requires the data collector to wear an additional inexpensive motion camera, thus, it does not add time or effort to the current rapid reconnaissance protocol. As no prior information about the condition or spatial layout of the indoor environment is needed, this technique can be adapted to a large variety of building environments and does not require any type of preparation in the postevent settings. This technique is validated using data collected from several real buildings.
A case of restless legs syndrome after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Ito Hisashi , Kuroki Takahiro , Horiuchi Shigeto , Shinya Yuichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) can be secondary to several disorders. We present an 87‐year‐old woman who developed RLS 2 days after the first injection of BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. The symptoms of RLS tended to improve and eventually resolved with the administration of gabapentin.
Modern mannan: a hemicellulose's journey
Authors: Voiniciuc Cătălin 
Published: March 2022

SummaryHemicellulosic polysaccharides built of β‐1,4‐linked mannose units have been found throughout the plant kingdom and have numerous industrial applications. Here, I review recent advances in the biosynthesis and modification of plant β‐mannans. These matrix polymers can associate with cellulose bundles to impact the mechanical properties of plant fibers or biocomposites. In certain algae, mannan microfibrils even replace cellulose as the dominant structural component of the cell wall. Conversely, patterned galactoglucomannan found in Arabidopsis thaliana seed mucilage significantly modulates cell wall architecture and abiotic stress tolerance despite its relatively low content. I also discuss the subcellular requirements for β‐mannan biosynthesis, the increasing number of carbohydrate‐active enzymes involved in this process, and the players that continue to be puzzling. I discuss how cellulose synthase‐like enzymes elongate (gluco)mannans in orthogonal hosts and highlight the discoveries of plant enzymes that add specific galactosyl or acetyl decorations. Hydrolytic enzymes such as endo‐β‐1,4‐mannanases have recently been involved in a wide range of biological contexts including seed germination, wood formation, heavy metal tolerance, and defense responses. Synthetic biology tools now provide faster tracks to modulate the increasingly‐relevant mannan structures for improved plant traits and bioproducts.
Plant‐specific small peptide AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 to regulate organ size in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zeng Yuejuan , Tang Yu , Shen Simin , Zhang Man , Chen Liqun , Ye De , Zhang Xueqin 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Organ size is an important agronomic trait. Small peptides function in various stages of plant growth, but their regulatory mechanisms in organ growth remain poorly understood.

Here, we characterize a novel small peptide, AtZSP1, which positively regulates organ size in Arabidopsis. Loss‐of‐function mutant atzsp1‐1 exhibited small organs, whereas AtZSP1 overexpression plants (p35S:AtZSP1#1) produced larger organs. Differentially expressed genes in the shoots of atzsp1‐1 and p35S:AtZSP1#1 were enriched in the cytokinin pathway. Further analysis on shoots of atzsp1‐1 showed that endogenous cytokinin levels were significantly reduced, consistent with reduced expression of the cytokinin response genes ARR5/6/7 and a decrease in pARR5:GUS activity. By contrast, cytokinin levels were elevated in p35S:AtZSP1#1. These results indicate that AtZSP1 affects shoot size via changes in cytokinin levels.

AtZSP1 is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a 57‐amino acid endomembrane‐associated protein that is highly conserved among plant species. AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 at the endomembrane. Genetic analysis confirmed that the small organs and low cytokinin levels in atzsp1‐1 shoots are partially suppressed by the rock1‐4 mutation, suggesting that AtZSP1 may function in a common pathway with ROCK1 to antagonistically regulate organ growth.

Our study identified an unknown small peptide, AtZSP1, and defined its function in regulating organ size in Arabidopsis.
Prognostic significance of CircRNAs expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Wang Mingfei , Ren Wenhao , Li Shaoming , Zhi Keqian , Gao Ling , Zheng Jingjing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis systematic review was aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of dysregulated expression of circRNAs in OSCC. The research was carried out by searching mainstream electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and Cochrane Library to collect relevant studies on prognostic role of circRNAs in OSCC. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between circRNAs expression, overall survival (OS), disease/recurrence/progression survival (DFS/RFS/PFS), and clinical parameters. This research included 1813 patients from 26 selected articles. The pooled HR values (95% CIs) in OS were 2.38 (1.92–2.93) for oncogenic circRNAs and 0.43 (0.28–0.66) for tumor‐suppressor circRNAs, respectively, in DFS/RFS/PFS were 2.34 (1.73–3.17). The meta‐analysis on clinicopathology features showed higher level of oncogenic circRNAs is related to advanced TNM stage, tumor stage, worse histological differentiation, positive lymph node and distant metastasis, while enforced expression of tumor‐suppressor circRNAs is related to inferior TNM stage, tumor stage and lymphatic metastasis. In conclusion, our meta‐analysis implies that circRNAs may be candidate biomarkers for the prognosis and clinicopathology of OSCC.
Assembly history modulates vertical root distribution in a grassland experiment
Authors: Alonso‐Crespo Inés M. , Weidlich Emanuela W. A. , Temperton Vicky M. , Delory Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2022

The order of arrival of plant species during assembly can affect the structure and functioning of grassland communities. These so‐called priority effects have been extensively studied aboveground, but we still do not know how they affect the vertical distribution of roots in the soil and the rooting depth of plant communities.To test this hypothesis, we manipulated the order of arrival of three plant functional groups (forbs, grasses and legumes) in a rhizobox experiment. Priority effects were created by sowing one functional group 10 days before the other two. Rhizoboxes in which all functional groups were sown simultaneously were used as controls. During the experiment, the total visible root length and the mean and maximum rooting depth of plant communities were monitored using image analysis and a new methodological approach using deep learning (RootPainter) for root segmentation. At harvest, we measured aboveground (community and species level) and belowground (community level) biomass, and assessed the vertical distribution of the root biomass in different soil layers.At the community level, all scenarios where one functional group was sown before the other two had similar shoot and root productivity. At the species level, two forbs (Achillea millefolium and Centaurea jacea) benefited from arriving early, and one legume (Trifolium pratense) had a disadvantage when it was sown after the grasses. Priority effect treatments also affected the vertical distribution of roots. When grasses were sown first, plant communities rooted more shallowly (lower mean and maximum rooting depth) than when forbs or legumes were sown first. In addition, roots moved down the soil profile more slowly in grasses‐first communities.Our results highlight that plant functional group order of arrival in grassland communities can affect the vertical distribution of roots in the soil and this may have implications for species coexistence.
Cutaneous manifestations of obesity in Turkish children: A comparative study
Authors: Güven Münevver , Anık Ahmet , Ünüvar Tolga , İlgün Gürel Deniz , Şendur Neslihan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous changes in obese adults have been investigated in numerous studies, but this issue has not been adequately investigated in children.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence of skin manifestations in children with obesity by comparing them to normal‐weight children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between June 2017 and January 2019 in which 82 children with obesity and 86 normal‐weight healthy control children were enrolled. Study participants had detailed full‐body skin examinations performed by the same dermatologist; mycological and Wood's lamp examinations were performed when necessary. Sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements of the participants were recorded.ResultsStriae distensae were the most common skin manifestation in children with obesity; striae were significantly higher in the obese than in the control group (72% vs. 26.7%, p < .001). The anatomical distribution of the striae distensae in the groups differed significantly. Striae distensae were most commonly observed on the buttocks in the control group, while the thighs were the most common site in the obese group. Acanthosis nigricans (63.4% vs. 3.5%, p < .001), acrochordons (17.1% vs. 1.2%, p < .001), keratosis pilaris (32.9% vs. 17.4%, p = .021), intertrigo (11% vs. 0%, p = .001), folliculitis (31.7% vs. 5.8%, p < .001), seborrheic dermatitis (12.2% vs. 3.5%, p = .035) and facial erythema (7.3% vs. 0%, p = .012) were found to be statistically significantly more common in the obese group compared to the control group.ConclusionsObesity in children is associated with numerous cutaneous manifestations. Further study is needed to identify whether weight loss can reduce skin manifestations in obese children.