bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bronchiolitis epidemic in 2021-2022 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: experience of a third level centre in Northern Italy
Authors: Faraguna Martha Caterina , Lepri Irene , Clavenna Antonio , Bonati Maurizio , Vimercati Chiara , Sala Debora , Cattoni Alessandro , Melzi Maria Luisa , Biondi Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to compare the 2021-2022 bronchiolitis season to the four previous years (2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021) to see if there was an anticipation of the peak, an overall increase of cases, and an increased need of intensive care.
Methods: A retrospective single-centre study in the San Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy was performed. Emergency Departments (ED) visits of patients aged <18 years and ≤12 months were analyzed: the incidence of bronchiolitis on total assessments, the urgency level at triage and the hospitalization rate were compared. Data of children admitted to the Pediatric Department due to bronchiolitis were analyzed in terms of need of intensive care, respiratory support (type and duration), length of hospital stay, main etiological agent, patient characteristics.
Results: During 2020-2021 (first pandemic period) an important reduction in the ED attendance for bronchiolitis was observed, while in 2021-2022 there was an increase in incidence of bronchiolitis (13% of visits in infants <1 year) and in the rate of urgent accesses (p=0.0002), but hospitalization rates did not differ compared to previous years. Furthermore, an anticipated peak in November 2021 was observed. In the 2021-2022 cohort of admitted children to the Pediatric Department, a statistically significative increased need of intensive care unit was detected (Odds Ratio 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.8 after adjustment for severity and clinical characteristics). Instead, respiratory support (type and duration) and length of hospital stay did not differ. RSV was the main etiological agent and RSV-bronchiolitis determined a more severe infection (type and duration of breathing support, intensive care need and length of hospital stay).
Conclusions: During Sars-CoV-2 lockdowns (2020-2021), there was a dramatic decrease of bronchiolitis and others respiratory infections. In the following season, 2021-2022, an overall increase of cases with an anticipated peak was observed and data analysis confirmed that patients in 2021-2022 required more intensive care than children in the four previous seasons.
Structural inhomogeneity of cellulose assembly in plant cell wall affecting anisotropic mechanical property
Authors: Lee Jongcheol , Choi Juseok , Feng Luyi , Yu Jingyi , Zheng Yunzhen , Zhang Qian , Lin Yen-Ting , Sah Saroj , Gu Ying , Zhang Sulin , Cosgrove Daniel , Kim Seong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) in plant cell walls are a major load-bearing component in plant primary cell walls, and their collective orientational alignment is known to be a key factor to determine the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Plant epidermis has been widely used as a model system for the primary cell wall to study the cellulose structure and tissue mechanics because of its ease of access for characterization. However, the structural information of CMFs in epidermal walls and their mechanics have often been interpreted assuming that CMFs are uniformly distributed in the whole tissue. Here, we report distinct CMF assembly patterns in the flat face region of the epidermal cell and the edge region of the cell where two cells meet. The vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) imaging analysis found that the CMF orientation in the cell edges is preferentially aligned perpendicular to the anticlinal walls. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to test if the cell geometry and the discovered inhomogeneous CMF assemblies could explain the previously observed anisotropic mechanical properties of epidermal cell walls. Our study resolves discrepancies in microfibril structure obtained with different techniques and suggests that the distinct CMF assemblies in the edge region may contribute to tissue-level mechanical anisotropy of epidermal cell walls.
Complementing two-photon fluorescence detection with backscatter detection to decipher multiparticle dynamics inside a nonlinear laser trap
Authors: Devi Anita , Yadav Sumit , De Arijit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using wide-field and point detection modalities, we show how optical trapping dynamics under femtosecond pulsed excitation can be explored by complementing detection of two-photon fluorescence with backscatter. Radial trajectories of trapped particles are mapped from correlated/anti-correlated fluctuations in backscatter pattern whereas temporal evolution of two-photon fluorescence is used to mark the onset of trapping involving multiple particles. Simultaneous confocal detection of backscatter and two-photon fluorescence estimates axial trap stiffness, delineating short-time trapping dynamics. When a second particle is being trapped an oscillatory signal is observed which is due to interference of backscatter amplitudes, revealing inter-particle interactions within the trap. These findings are crucial steps forward to achieve controlled manipulation by harnessing optical nonlinearity under femtosecond pulsed excitation.
Structure and dynamics of Fe90Si3O7 liquids close to Earth's liquid core conditions
Authors: Tang Ling , Zhang Chao , Sun Yang , Ho Kai-Ming , Wentzcovitch Renata , Wang Caizhuang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using an artificial neural-network machine learning interatomic potential, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the structure and dynamics of Fe90Si3O7 liquid close to the Earth's liquid core conditions. The simulation results reveal that the short-range structural order (SRO) in the Fe90Si3O7 liquid is very strong. About 80% of the atoms are arranged in crystalline-like SRO motifs. In particular, ~ 70% of Fe-centered clusters can be classified as either hexagonal-close-pack (HCP/HCP-like) or icosahedral (ICO/ICO-like) SRO motifs. The SRO clusters centered on Fe, Si, or O atoms are strongly intermixed and homogenously distributed throughout the liquid. The atomic structure of the liquid and the fractions of dominant SRO clusters are not sensitive to pressure/temperature used in the simulations except that the SRO of the O-centered clusters is enhanced close to inner core pressures. The O diffusion coefficient is about 2–3 times larger than the Fe and Si ions and increases more rapidly in the deeper core regions.
TIGAR protects cochlear hair cells against teicoplanin-induced damage
Authors: zhang qiongmin , Yao Zhiqun , Chen Fang , Wang Xue , Wang Man , Lu Junze , Meng Yu , Xu Lei , Han Yuechen , Liu Wenwen , Wang Haibo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, is used for the treatment of severe staphylococcal infections. Teicoplanin is reported to have an ototoxic potential but its toxic effects on cochlea hair cells (HCs) remains unclear. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) plays a key role to promote cell survival, our previous study shown that TIGAR protected inner ear spiral ganglion neuron against cisplatin injury. However, the role of TIGAR in mammalian HCs damage has not been explored yet. In this study, firstly, we found that teicoplanin induced significant cell loss of both HEI-OC1 cells and cochlea HCs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Next, we discovered that the expression of TIGAR was significantly decreased after teicoplanin treatment in HCs and HEI-OC1 cells. To explore the role of TIGAR in inner ear after teicoplanin damage, the expression of TIGAR was upregulated via recombinant adenovirus or knocked down by shRNA in HEI-OC1 cells, respectively. We found that the overexpression of TIGAR increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level after teicoplanin injury, whereas downregulation of TIGAR by shRNA decreased cell viability, exacerbated apoptosis and elevated ROS level. Finally, antioxidant treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine lowered ROS level, rescued cell loss as well as restored p38/phosphorylation-p38 expression levels induced by TIGAR deficiency in HEI-OC1 cells after teicoplanin injury. This study provides evidences that TIGAR might be a new potential target for prevention from the teicoplanin-induced ototoxicity.
Optimizing recording speed and interrogation window for rotating flow recorded in the ambient light: PIV analysis
Authors: Shah Shailee P , Mumana Nayan , Barad Preksha , Desai Rucha P , Joshi Pankaj S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study reports PIV analysis of the surface flow profile using a smartphone camera in ambient light instead of high-tech equipment like a professional camera and high-power laser/ LEDs. Additionally, it provides a stepwise method for optimizing recording speed and interrogation window size for the vortex flow generated at different rotational frequencies of the magnetic stirrer. The analysis has been carried out using the Matlab-based application PIVlab. Finally, the optimized parameters have been compared with the Burger vortex model, which shows good agreement with the PIV data. The proposed method can also determine the surface flow of opaque liquids.
Differences in engineers' brain activity when CAD modelling from isometric and orthographic projections
Authors: Lukačević Fanika , Becattini Niccolò , Škec Stanko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A way of presenting information in visual representations of technical systems influences the progress and the outcome of the engineering design process. Consequently, an improvement of the means by which information is utilized (generated and interacted with) during the process is one suggested approach of advancing engineering design. Although engineers’ interaction with information has been mostly visual, virtual, and cognitive, little is known about cognition (mental information processing) underlying generation of and interaction with visual representation of technical systems during engineering design. With the aim of narrowing this research gap, the presented study explored the effects of visual representations of technical systems to engineers’ brain activity while generating computer-aided design (CAD) models based on them. More precisely, brain activity of 20 engineers was monitored and analysed using electroencephalography (EEG) during the visuospatially-intensive design tasks of CAD modelling in two conditions; when technical systems were presented with orthographic and isometric projections in technical drawings. Significant differences and effect sizes were found among the total signal and individual band (theta, alpha, and beta) task related power (TRP) both when interpreting the projections in technical drawings and generating 3D CAD models from them. The results suggest that significant differences exist in brain activity when considering the individual electrodes, all the 14 electrodes cumulatively (the TRP across the cortex), the cortical hemispheres, and the cortical areas. In particular, the TRP was persistently higher when interpreting the technical drawing with orthographic projection and generating a CAD model from it. In addition, theta TRP in frontal brain area seems to be particularly important in distinguishing neurocognitive responses to the orthographic and isometric projections. As such, the conducted exploratory study grounds a basis for exploring engineers’ brain activity while solving visuospatially-intensive design tasks, whose segments are relatable to the aspects of visuospatial thinking. Future work will explore brain activity in other design activities that are highly visuospatial in their nature, with a larger sample size and an EEG device of a higher spatial resolution.
Interaction phenomena between solitons, lumps and breathers for the combined KP3-4 equation
Authors: Hao Xiazhi , Li Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Hirota’s bilinear method is used to determine the N-soliton solutions of the combined KP3 and KP4 equation, from which the M-lump solutions which decay to zero in all directions in the plane are obtained by using long wave limit when N = 2M. Then, we discuss some novel hybrid solutions between lumps, breathers and solitons. In order to shade more light on the dynamical characteristics of the acquired solutions, numerical simulations have been performed by means of the 3D figures under careful choice of the values of the parameters involved. These results may be useful for understanding the propagation phenomena of nonlinear localized waves. The hybrid solutions describing molecules between lumps, breathers and solitons are also presented.
Application of optimized convolutional neural network to fixture layout in automotive parts
Authors: Toro Javier Villena , Wiberg Anton , Tarkian Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fixture layout has aroused substantial interest in the research community during recent decades. It affects the design and production of fixtures, and hence manufacturing costs. While fixturing may seem simple in conception, it requires expertise and well-trained engineers. A general principle, usually called the 3-2-1 locating principle, ensures fixing an object, restringing its degrees of freedom. Fixtures must always comply with the principle. While most research approaches automation of the fixture layout using optimization or rule-based frameworks, this paper proposes supervised learning. The presented framework solves the 3-2-1 locating principle for sheet metal designs based on the experience of previous designs, using automotive b-pillars as a test study. There are three main contributions: 1. A novel idea to introduce sheet metal design data in a convolutional neural network (CNN), projecting the geometry over a plane. The Z coordinate transforms into gray-scale pixel values, generating a topographic map. 2. The framework reuses knowledge about fixturing to lay out new workpieces. The framework is an add-in integrated with the CAD environment. 3. A hyperparameter-tuned CNN for regression generates the final output. The results show high accuracy (≈ 100%) in classifying b-pillars and fast convergence in regression, proving model usability for industrial cases.
Prediction of watershed processes based on morphometric features using feature selection and neural network algorithms
Authors: Mokarram Marzieh , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Tiefenbacher John P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Alluvial fans of 4 watersheds in Iran were extracted semi-automatically using GIS and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis. The relationships between 25 morphometric features of these watersheds, the amount of erosion, and formation material were investigated using the self-organizing map (SOM) method. A feature-selection algorithm was used to select the most important parameters affecting erosion and formation material. The group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm was employed to predict erosion and formation material based on morphometries. The results indicated that the semi-automatic method in GIS could detect alluvial fans. The SOM algorithm determined that the morphometric factors affecting the formation material were fan length, minimum height of fan, and minimum fan slope. The main factors affecting erosion were fan area and minimum fan height. The feature selection algorithm identified minimum fan height, maximum fan height, minimum fan slope, and fan length to be the morphometries most important for determining formation material, and basin area, fan area, maximum fan height and compactness coefficient (Cirb) were the most important characteristics for determining erosion rates. The GMDH algorithm predicted the fan formation materials and rates of erosion with high accuracy (R2 = 0.94, R2 = 0.87).
Hunting for ecological indicators: Are large herbivore skeleton measures from harvest data useful proxies for monitoring?
Authors: Stefanussen Åshild Ønvik , Bårdsen B.-J. , Veiberg V. , Irvine R. J. , Hansen B. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hunter-collected data and samples are used as indices of population performance, and monitoring programs often take advantage of such data as ecological indicators. Here, we establish the relationships between measures of skeleton size (lower jawbone length and hind-leg length) and autumn carcass mass of slaughtered individuals of known age and sex of the high Arctic endemic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). We assess these relationships using a long-term monitoring dataset derived from samples of hunted or culled reindeer. The two skeleton measures were generally strongly correlated within age class. Both jaw length (R2 = 0.78) and hind-leg length (R2 = 0.74) represented good proxies of carcass mass, but these relationships were mainly driven by an age effect (i.e., due to growth). The skeleton measures reached an asymptote at 4–6 years age. Accordingly, strong positive correlations between skeleton measures and carcass mass were mainly evident in young age classes (range r [0.45–0.84] for calves and yearlings), while in adult age classes, these relationships weakened due to skeletal growth ceasing in mature animals as well as the strong impacts of annual environmental fluctuations, causing increased variance in mass with age. Although body mass is often viewed as the ‘gold standard’ in ungulate monitoring, our results indicate that skeleton measures collected by hunters may provide similar valuable information about variation in ecological processes, particularly for the younger age classes. Such harvest-based monitoring proxies may improve the management’s access to indicators of changing environmental conditions.
Trend of sociodemographic and economic inequalities in the use of maternal health services in Lao People’s Democratic Republic from 2006 to 2017: MICS data analysis
Authors: Ahissou Noudéhouénou Credo Adelphe , Nonaka Daisuke , Takeuchi Rie , Reyes Calvin de los , Uehara Manami , Khampheng Phongluxa , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Kobayashi Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background: Maternal mortalities remain high in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). To improve access to maternal health services for all women, the country adopted a policy to remove user fees for childbirth-related care (“Free Maternal Health Service” [Free MCH] policy) in 2012. However, it remains unclear whether the policy has reduced inequalities in access to services. Our study assessed the trends and magnitude of sociodemographic and economic inequalities in access to health services before and after adoption of the Free MCH policy.
Methods: We used the three most recent Lao Social Indicator Survey datasets for this analysis. We assessed wealth, area of residence, ethnicity, educational attainment, and women’s age-related inequalities in the use of at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit with skilled personnel, institutional delivery, and at least one facility-based postnatal care (PNC) visit by mothers. The magnitude of inequalities was measured using concentration curves, concentration indices (CIX), and equiplots.
Results: Overall, the coverages of at least one ANC visit with skilled personnel and institutional delivery increased from 35.7% to 78.4% and 23.1% to 65.5% respectively, between the years 2006 and 2017. These coverages almost doubled in all social groups from 2011–12 to 2017 compared to 2006 to 2011–12. Meanwhile, the use of at least one facility-based PNC after discharge rose only from 2.3% to 3.7% between 2011–12 and 2017. Despite the decreases in service utilization gaps between groups, inequalities in favor of the rich, the most educated, and the majority ethnic groups remained the highest, particularly for facility-based deliveries. The CIX in 2017 were 0.193, 0.139, and 0.120, respectively, for these factors (p <0.001).
Conclusion: During the study period, uptake of maternal health services improved, and sociodemographic and economic inequalities decreased. The highest improvement since adoption of the MCH policy occurred among the least-favored women. Future interventions should promote outreach services, awareness raising, and a woman-centered approach to care. More attention should also be given to improving the uptake of facility-based PNC visits.
Evaluating the impact of fermentation by multiple probiotics on proximate composition, amino Acid profile, antioxidant activity and Dephytinization of wheat grains
Authors: Altaf Aayeena , Jha Bhawana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of fermentation by single cultures of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their multiple co-cultures on the different physiochemical and nutritional parameters of wheat. Fermentation by Lactobacillus casei proved to increase the protein content (27% w/w) as compared to (control) unfermented wheat (12.7% w/w). All probiotics cultures drastically reduced the phytic acid content particularly Lactobacillus caseireduce the level from 1269mg/100g to 127mg/100g. After fermentation both essential and non - essential amino acids were increased, single culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed higher amount of valine and methionine (187.24mg/g) and (135.71mg/g) respectively.Lipid content was increased by Lactobacillus casei (23%) compare to control (2.5%). Antioxidant activity was also increased after the fermentation by Lactobacillus casei with the combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (78.60±2.12%). Hence the results showed that fermentation of wheat grains by different probiotics is adequate to increase the nutrient value and reduces the anti-nutritional factors and enhance the utilization of wheat in food systems.
Multiple Wolbachia subpopulations co-occur in single Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: Schrieke Hans , Duron Olivier , Eren A , Reveillaud Julie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wolbachia is a maternally inherited intracellular bacterium that infects a wide range of arthropods including mosquitoes. The endosymbiont is widely used in biocontrol strategies due to its capacity to modulate the arthropod reproduction and to limit pathogen transmission. While most studies assume that Wolbachia infections are mono-clonal within individual hosts, we show here that an ancestral Wolbachia can evolve to a set of closely related, but genetically distinct, subpopulations which coexist within the same hosts and are maternally transmitted to host progeny. To this aim, we reconstructed Wolbachia Metagenome-Assembled Genomes in naturally-infected single individual Culex pipiens mosquitoes from both ovary and midgut metagenomes for the first time and afforded Wolbachia population genomic analyses within and between single individuals. We observed consistent single nucleotide and amnio acid variations across samples that we also confirmed in egg metagenomes from geographical distant locations. This study reveals the presence of multiple Wolbachia populations co-existing in individual mosquitoes that could have critical importance for the good use of Wolbachia in basic and applied research.