bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus additions imbalance terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry
Authors: Sun Yuan , Wang Cuiting , Chen Xinli , Liu Shirong , Lu Xingjie , Chen Han Y. H. , Ruan Honghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in plants, soils, and microbial biomass influences productivity and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic inputs of P to ecosystems are increasing; however, our understanding of the impacts of P addition on terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P ratios remains elusive. By conducting a meta‐analysis with 1413 paired observations from 121 publications, we showed that P addition significantly decreased plant, soil, and microbial biomass N:P and C:P ratios, but had negligible effects on C:N ratios. The reductions in N:P and C:P ratios became more evident as the P application rates and experimental duration increased. The P addition effects on terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry did not vary with ecosystem types or climates. Moreover, the responses of N:P and C:P ratios in soil and microbial biomass were associated with the responses of soil pH and fungi:bacteria ratios. Additionally, P additions increased net primary productivity, microbial biomass, soil respiration, N mineralization, and N nitrification, but decreased ammonium and nitrate contents. Decreases in plant N:P and C:P ratios were both negatively correlated to net primary productivity and soil respiration, but positively correlated to ammonium and nitrate contents; microbial biomass, soil respiration, ammonium contents, and nitrate contents all increased with declining soil N:P and C:P ratios. Our findings highlight that P additions could imbalance C:N:P stoichiometry and potentially impact the terrestrial ecosystem functions.
Cluster headache – The worst possible pain on YouTube
Authors: Chaudhry Basit Ali , Do Thien Phu , Ashina Håkan , Ashina Messoud , Amin Faisal Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn clinical practice, patients with cluster headache often ask questions or mention information that they have seen or heard on the Internet. Because YouTube (www.youtube.com) is the second most visited Web site worldwide and offers a plethora of video content, we found it timely to ascertain the quality of information on cluster headache that is freely available on YouTube. We conducted an inquiry on YouTube on January 24, 2022, with the search term “cluster headache.” Eligible YouTube videos included those with ≥10,000 views and content related to cluster headache. We assessed the quality and reliability of the videos with the Global Quality Scale and DISCERN, respectively. The search strategy identified 644 videos of which 134 were eligible for inclusion. The sources of the included videos were categorized as “healthcare professional/institution” (n = 45), “personal experience” (n = 52), and “other” (n = 37). According to the Global Quality Scale, 70 (52%) were low quality, 34 (25%) were of moderate quality, and 30 (22%) were of high quality. According to DISCERN, 104 (78%) were of low reliability, 28 (21%) were of moderate reliability, and 2 (1%) were of high reliability. The quality and reliability of cluster headache‐related information on YouTube has room for improvement, even the content provided by healthcare providers. These findings should incentivize stakeholders, for example, government services, professional societies, healthcare providers, to provide accessible and better information on cluster headache.
Preoperative serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor as a predictive biomarker for sepsis after living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Tsutsui Yuriko , Yoshio Sachiyo , Tomiyama Takahiro , Shimagaki Tomonari , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Yoshida Yuichi , Yoshikawa Shiori , Kakazu Eiji , Kanto Tatsuya , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimAlthough the survival rate after living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is improving, sepsis still limits the prognosis. Immune dysfunction and sarcopenia are often observed in LDLT patients, and increase susceptibility to infection. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a myokine produced by immune cells and skeletal muscle. We aimed to determine whether serum BDNF could be a feasible biomarker for sepsis of LDLT patients.MethodsWe measured serum samples from 124 patients who underwent LDLT and 9 healthy volunteers for BDNF. We examined its correlation with incidence rate of sepsis. To clarify the source of BDNF, we examined its expression in lymphocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and hepatocytes.ResultsPatients who experienced sepsis showed worse short‐term survival. Preoperative serum BDNF was lower in LDLT patients compared with healthy volunteers, and was also lower in Child–Pugh C compared with Child–Pugh A or B. Serum BDNF was inversely correlated with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) scores, but had a weak positive correlation with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum BDNF was independently associated with sepsis. Preoperative serum BDNF was a better predictor of sepsis in LDLT patients than CONUT score or SMI. Serum BDNF was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts, especially T cells. In vitro, T cells and skeletal muscle cells produced BDNF.ConclusionsPreoperative serum BDNF could be a predictive biomarker for sepsis after LDLT, by reflecting the systemic condition including hepatic function, nutritional status, and immune status.
Clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infections among men with and without HIV: A large outbreak cohort in Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Jessen Heiko , Wyen Christoph , Grunwald Stephan , Noe Sebastian , Teichmann Jörn , Krauss Anja‐Sophie , Kolarikal Henning , Scholten Stefan , Schuler Christoph , Bickel Markus , Roll Clemens , Kreckel Peter , Köppe Siegfried , Straub Matthias , Klausen Gerd , Lenz Johannes , Esser Stefan , Jensen Björn , Rausch Michael , Unger Stefan , Pauli Ramona , Härter Georg , Müller Matthias , Masuhr Anja , Schäfer Guido , Seybold Ulrich , Schellberg Sven , Schneider Jochen , Monin Malte Benedikt , Wolf Eva , Spinner Christoph D. , Boesecke Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince May 2022, increasing numbers of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections have been reported from across Europe and North America. Studies, mainly from Africa, have suggested a higher risk for severe MPXV cases in people living with HIV.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all confirmed MPXV infections observed in the participating centres since 19 May 2022. We conducted a chart review to evaluate clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and coinfections, including HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).ResultsBy 30 June 2022, a total of 546 MPXV infections were reported from 42 German centres. All patients were men who have sex with men (MSM), of whom 256 (46.9%) were living with HIV, mostly with a preserved immune system and with viral suppression. In total, 232 (42.5%) MSM were also taking HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and 58 (10.6%) MSM had no known HIV infection or PrEP use. The median age was 39 years (range 20–67), and comorbidities were rare. However, 52.4% and 29.4% of all patients had been diagnosed with at least one STI within the last 6 months or within the last 4 weeks, respectively. The most frequent localizations of MPXV infection were genital (49.9%) and anal (47.9%), whereas fever (53.2%) and lymphadenopathy (42.6%) were the most frequent general symptoms. The hospitalization rate was low (4.0%), and no fatal course was observed. The clinical picture showed no apparent differences between MSM with or without HIV.ConclusionsIn this preliminary cohort analysis from a current large outbreak among MSM in Germany, the clinical picture of MPXV infection did not differ between MSM with and without HIV infection. Severe courses were rare and hospitalization rates were low. However, most patients were relatively healthy, and only a few people living with HIV were viremic or severely immunosuppressed.
Intra‐pulpal connective tissue formation and the advanced carious lesion: Is chondrogenesis and heterotopic ossification a response to pulpal inflammation?
Authors: Demant Sune , Schoenmaker Ton , van Erck Sophie M. G. , Dabelsteen Sally , de Vries Teun J. , Bjørndal Lars 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims(a) The aim of this study was to investigate both the formation of dense connective tissue within the dental pulp, and its association with pulpal inflammation in teeth with advanced carious lesions; and (b) to investigate in vitro whether inflammation affects the expression of markers related to chondrogenesis/osteogenesis in pulp cells.Materials and methodsRadiology and Histology: Forty‐six teeth with advanced carious lesions were radiographically investigated for intra‐pulpal radiodense structures. Specimens were processed for histology and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and proteoglycan‐specific stains. The intra‐pulpal connective tissue was scored as pulp stones or ectopic connective tissue. Cell culture: pulpal cells from human third molars (n = 5) were cultured in chondrogenic medium +/− TLR2/4 agonists. Expression of the genes IL6, TLR2/4, SOX9, COL1A1, COL2A1, TGFB1, RUNX2 and ALPL was assessed by qPCR. Proteoglycan content within cultures was assessed spectrophotometrically.ResultsRadiodense structures were discovered in about half of all pulps. They were associated with ectopic connective tissue (χ2 = 8.932, p = .004, OR = 6.80, 95% CI: [1.84, 25.19]) and with pulp stones (χ2 = 12.274, df = 1, p < .001, OR = 22.167, 95% CI: [2.57, 200.00]). The morphology of the ectopic tissue resembled cartilage and was associated with inflammatory infiltration of the pulp (χ2 = 10.148, p = .002, OR = 17.77, 95% CI: [2.05, 154.21]). After continuous stimulation of cultured cells with TLR2/4 agonists, the expression of two inflammatory markers increased: IL6 at Days 7 (p = .020) and 14 (p = .008); TLR2 at Days 7 (p = .023) and 14 (p = .009). Similarly, expression of chondrogenic markers decreased: SOX9 at Day 14 (p = .035) and TGFB1 at Day 7 (p = .004), and the osteogenic marker COL1A1 at Day 7 (p = .007). Proteoglycan content did not differ between unstimulated and stimulated cells.ConclusionsEctopic connective tissue resembling cartilage can form in teeth affected by advanced carious lesions. This tissue type is radiographically visible and is associated with inflammatory infiltration of the pulp. Although TLR2/4 agonists led to an inflammatory response in cell culture of pulp cells, the effect on the expression of osteogenic/chondrogenic markers was limited, suggesting that immune cells are needed for connective tissue formation in vivo.
Morphophysiological alterations in fruit‐eating bats after oral exposure to deltamethrin
Authors: Oliveira Jerusa Maria , Condessa Suellen Silva , Destro Ana Luiza Fonseca , Lima Graziela Domingues Almeida , do Carmo Cupertino Marli , Cardoso Silvia Almeida , Freitas Mariella Bontempo , de Oliveira Leandro Licursi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeltamethrin (DTM) is a synthetic pyrethroid widely used in the cultivation and management of several crops due to its insecticidal action. Application to crops of pyrethroids such as DTM can result in the exposure of water and fruit consumed by fruit bats having a high pyrethroid content which may be harmful. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short‐term oral exposure of the fruit‐eating bats (Artibeus lituratus) to two concentrations of DTM (0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg of papaya) on histopathology of the intestine, liver and kidney. The intestine of the animals exposed to both concentrations showed inflammatory infiltrate, degeneration, necrosis and goblet cell hyperplasia as the most frequent pathologies. Besides, the acid mucins showed an increase in the frequency of non‐viable cells. The liver showed hepatocyte vacuolizatio and nuclear enlargement, as well as inflammatory infiltrate and steatosis. The kidneys of the exposed animals showed and inflammatory infiltrate, benign nephrosclerosis, vacuolization and necrosis. Also, DTM reduced nitric oxide synthesis, decreased glomerular diameter and increased glycogen percentage in the proximal tubules. Our results suggest that acute exposure to DTM at low concentrations has the potential to induce pronounced histopathological changes in vital organs, such as intestine, liver and kidney of fruit‐eating bats.
UNCERTAINTY AND MONETARY POLICY DURING THE GREAT RECESSION
Authors: Pellegrino Giovanni , Castelnuovo Efrem , Caggiano Giovanni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe employ a nonlinear proxy‐VAR approach to document the large response of real activity to a financial uncertainty shock during and in the aftermath of the Great Recession. We replicate this evidence with an estimated DSGE framework that we employ to quantify the output loss due to the large uncertainty shock that materialized in 2008Q4. We find such a shock to be able to explain about 60% of the output loss in the 2008–2014 period. Our model also points to the powerful role played by the Federal Reserve's systematic monetary policy in limiting the loss of output during the Great Recession.
SETTLING LAWSUITS WITH PIRATES
Authors: Hua Xinyu , Spier Kathryn E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA firm licenses a product to overlapping generations of heterogeneous consumers. Consumers may purchase the product, pirate/steal it, or forego it. Higher consumer types enjoy higher gross benefits and are caught stealing at a higher rate. The firm may commit to an out‐of‐court settlement policy that is “soft” on pirates, so high types purchase the product and low types steal it until caught. Settlement contracts, which include both cash payments and licenses for future product use, facilitate price discrimination. Settlement may either create social value by expanding the market or destroy value by limiting market access and possibly deterring more efficient entrants.
Mechanical properties of oxynitride glasses
Authors: Pomeroy Michael J. , Hampshire Stuart , Sangleboeuf Jean‐Christophe , Rouxel Tanguy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxynitride glasses combine a high refractoriness, with Tg typically >850°C, and remarkable mechanical properties in comparison with their parent oxide glasses. Their Young's modulus and fracture toughness reach 170 GPa and 1.4 MPa m.5, respectively. Most reports show good linear relationships between glass property values and nitrogen content. There is a clear linear dependence of Young's modulus and microhardness on fractional glass compactness (atomic packing density). They also have a better resistance to surface damage induced by indentation or scratch loading. The improvements stem from the increase of the atomic network cross‐linking—because of three‐fold coordinated nitrogen—and of the atomic packing density, despite nitrogen being lighter than oxygen and the Si–N bond being weaker than the Si–O bond. For constant cation composition, viscosity increases by ∼3 orders of magnitude as ∼17 eq.% oxygen is replaced by nitrogen. For rare earth oxynitride glasses with constant N content, viscosity, Young's modulus, Tg, and other properties increase with increasing cation field strength (decreasing ionic radius). Research continues to find lighter, stiffer materials, including glasses, with superior mechanical properties. With higher elastic moduli, hardness, fracture toughness, strength, surface damage resistance, increased high temperature properties, oxynitride glasses offer advantages over their oxide counterparts.
Equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest quality and antioxidant activity of strawberry
Authors: Lei Ting‐ting , Qian Jing , Yin Cheng 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMicroporous film and MAP were evaluated to find the optimal method for extending the postharvest storage of strawberry. To determine the most suitable MAP system for strawberry, fruits were stored in controlled atmospheres (O2/CO2 partial pressures in kPa: 5/10; 10/10; 5/15), and in a separate experiment, strawberries were sealed in the container with different microporous PET/PE films. Results showed that the optimum atmosphere of strawberries was 10 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2 which could be achieved and maintained by using the microporous film with four perforations of 100 μm. By maintaining the optimal atmosphere, active EMAP could increase polyphenol compounds accumulation, with total phenolic content increased by 25% and the content of anthocyanin and total flavonoid was 13% and 29% higher than control at the end of storage. Meanwhile, active EMAP significantly increased CAT PAL and APX activities and the shelf‐life was prolonged for 6 and 3 days, respectively, compared with strawberries packed in control and passive EMAP.
Development and shelf‐life assessment of Ready‐to‐Bake frozen potato Paranthas fortified with iron and zinc
Authors: Kaul Shivani , Kaur Kamaljit , Kaur Preetinder , Kaur Jaspreet 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe present investigation was carried out to prepare iron‐ and zinc‐fortified ready‐to‐bake frozen potato paranthas that were packed in aluminium laminates and vacuum packs and stored under frozen conditions (−18°C). Paranthas were evaluated for proximate, bioactive, microbial and organoleptic parameters. In vitro bioavailability of iron was 70.24% and the zinc was 72.68% in EFP. Iron and zinc compounds in UFP and EFP remained stable throughout the storage period irrespective of their packaging material and thus improved the nutritional profile of the paranthas. Total phenols decreased from 109 mg to 105 mg and 109 mg to 107 mg/100 g in aluminium laminate and vacuum‐packed samples respectively. The shelf‐life analysis revealed that the product can be effectively stored for 3 months in aluminium laminates and 5 months in vacuum packs. Hence, to tackle malnutrition, fortified ready‐to‐bake frozen potato paranthas will be an effective technology to deliver convenience and industrial applicability.
Effects of high‐pressure processing on aquatic products with an emphasis on sensory evaluation
Authors: Chen Lihang , Wang Yuying , Zhu Chen , Zhang Dali , Liu Huimin 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPrevious intensive research has described the molecular impacts of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on fish meat chemical composition, such as myofibril structural proteins, enzymes, myoglobin and lipids. This work aims to collect articles on sensory evaluation of pressure‐treated aquatic products to determine the practical effects of HPP on aquatic products, especially sensory properties, by comparing the differences between instrumental tests and sensory evaluation, between trained sensory assessors and consumers to guide and improve the processing of aquatic products. The findings indicate that laboratory devices such as spectrophotometers, texture analysers and electronic noses, and trained sensory assessors can detect pressure‐induced changes in appearance, texture, off‐odour, and flavour, such as discoloration, whitening, increased hardness and initiation of lipids oxidation. However, consumers did not perceive the pressure‐induced changes in odour and colour. Besides, consumers' attitudes towards pressure‐treated aquatic products are ambiguous in the range of 300 to 600 MPa, and professional testing and assessment fail to replace hedonic tests. In complex matrices of aquatic products, particular attention is needed to be paid to changes in sensory qualities dominated by microorganisms, endogenous enzymes and bioactive compounds after HPP treatment and throughout commercial storage.
Union membership and job satisfaction over the life course
Authors: Blanchflower David G. , Bryson Alex 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe examine the relationship between union membership and job satisfaction over the life‐course using data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) tracking all those born in Great Britain in a single week in March in 1958 through to age 55 (2013). We find there is a significant negative correlation between union membership and job satisfaction that is apparent across the life‐course. Lagged union membership status going back many years is negatively correlated with current job satisfaction, though its effects become statistically non‐significant when conditioning on current union membership status. These results provide a different perspective to longitudinal studies showing short‐term positive responses to switches in membership status. They are consistent with earlier work showing that this cohort of workers, and others before them, have persistently lower job satisfaction as union members compared to their non‐union counterparts.
TSG‐6 inhibits hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation by regulating IRE1α/TRAF2/NF‐κB signalling
Authors: Ma Li , Hua Lei , Yu Wenyuan , Ke Li , Li Liang‐yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTNF‐stimulated gene (TSG‐6) was reported to suppress hypertrophic scar (HS) formation in a rabbit ear model, and the overexpression of TSG‐6 in human HS fibroblasts (HSFs) was found to induce their apoptotic death. The molecular basis for these findings, however, remains to be clarified. HSFs were subjected to TSG‐6 treatment. Treatment with TSG‐6 significantly suppressed HSF proliferation and induced them to undergo apoptosis. Moreover, TSG‐6 exposure led to reductions in collagen I, collagen III, and α‐SMA mRNA and protein levels, with a corresponding drop in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression indicative of impaired proliferative activity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also suppressed in these HSFs as demonstrated by decreases in Bip and p‐IRE1α expression, downstream inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) ‐Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathway signalling was inhibited and treated cells failed to induce NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expression. Overall, ER stress was found to trigger inflammatory activity in HSFs via the IRE1α‐TRAF2 axis, as confirmed with the specific inhibitor of IRE1α STF083010. Additionally, the effects of TSG‐6 on apoptosis, collagen I, collagen III, α‐SMA, and PCNA of HSFs were reversed by the IRE1α activator thapsigargin (TG). These data suggest that TSG‐6 administration can effectively suppress the proliferation of HSFs in part via the inhibition of IRE1α‐mediated ER stress‐induced inflammation (IRE1α/TRAF2/NF‐κB signalling).
Steam oxidation and microstructural evolution of rare earth silicate environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Ridley Mackenzie , Kane Kenneth , Lance Michael , Parker Cory , Su Yi‐Feng , Sampath Sanjay , Garcia Eugenio , Sweet Marshall , O'Connor Molly , Pint Bruce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA primary failure mode for environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) on SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is the oxidation of the intermediate Si‐bond coating, where the formation of SiO2 at the bond coating–EBC interface results in debonding and spallation. This work compares the microstructure evolution and steam oxidation kinetics of the Si‐bond coating beneath yttrium/ytterbium disilicate ((Y/Yb)DS) and ytterbium disilicate/monosilicate (YbDS/YbMS) EBCs to better understand the impact of EBC composition on oxidation kinetics. After 500 1‐h cycles at 1350°C, (Y/Yb)DS displayed a decreasing concentration of the monosilicate minor phase and increasing concentration of porosity as furnace cycling time increased, whereas the YbDS/YbMS EBC displayed negligible microstructural evolution. For both EBC systems, thermally grown oxide growth rates in steam were found to increase by approximately an order magnitude compared to dry air oxidation. The (Y/Yb)DS EBC displayed a reduced steam oxidation rate compared to YbDS/YbMS.