bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived dementia risk and advance care planning among older adults
Authors: Lee Yu Kyung , Fried Terri R. , Costello Darcé M. , Hajduk Alexandra M. , O'Leary John R. , Cohen Andrew B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough advance care planning (ACP) is beneficial if dementia develops, and virtually all older adults are at risk for this disease, older adults do not consistently engage in ACP. Health behavior models have highlighted the importance of perceived susceptibility to medical conditions in motivating behavior. Following these models, we sought to determine how often older adults believe they are not at risk of developing dementia and to examine the association between perceived dementia risk and ACP participation.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of community‐dwelling adults without cognitive impairment, aged ≥65 years, who were interviewed for the Health and Retirement Study in 2016 and asked about their perceived dementia risk (n = 711). Perceived dementia risk was ascertained with this question: “on a scale of 0 to 100, what is the percent chance that you will develop dementia sometime in the future?” We used multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression to evaluate the association between perceived risk (0% versus >0%) and completion of a living will, appointment of a durable power of attorney for healthcare decisions, and discussion of treatment preferences.ResultsAmong respondents, 10.5% reported a perceived dementia risk of 0%. Perceived risk of 0% was associated with lower odds of completing a living will (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30–0.93) and discussing treatment preferences (OR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.93) but not appointment of a durable power of attorney (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.42–1.39). Many respondents with perceived dementia risk >0% had not completed ACP activities, including a substantial minority of those with perceived risk >50%.ConclusionsOlder adults with no perceived dementia risk are less likely to participate in several forms of ACP, but the fact that many older adults with high levels of perceived risk had not completed ACP activities suggests that efforts beyond raising risk awareness are needed to increase engagement.
Phylogenomic conflict analyses in the apple genus Malus s.l. reveal widespread hybridization and allopolyploidy driving diversification, with insights into the complex biogeographic history in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Liu Bin‐Bin , Ren Chen , Kwak Myounghai , Hodel Richard G.J. , Xu Chao , He Jian , Zhou Wen‐Bin , Huang Chien‐Hsun , Ma Hong , Qian Guan‐Ze , Hong De‐Yuan , Wen Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhylogenomic evidence from an increasing number of studies has demonstrated that different data sets and analytical approaches often reconstruct strongly supported but conflicting relationships. In this study, 785 single‐copy nuclear genes and 75 complete plastomes were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships and estimate the historical biogeography of the apple genus Malus sensu lato, an economically important lineage disjunctly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and involved in known and suspected hybridization and allopolyploidy events. The nuclear phylogeny recovered the monophyly of Malus s.l. (including Docynia); however, the genus was supported to be biphyletic in the plastid phylogeny. An ancient chloroplast capture event in the Eocene in western North America best explains the cytonuclear discordance. Our conflict analysis demonstrated that ILS, hybridization, and allopolyploidy could explain the widespread nuclear gene tree discordance. One deep hybridization event (Malus doumeri) and one recent event (Malus coronaria) were detected in Malus s.l. Furthermore, our historical biogeographic analysis integrating living and fossil data supported a widespread East Asian‐western North American origin of Malus s.l. in the Eocene, followed by several extinction and dispersal events in the Northern Hemisphere. We also propose a general workflow for assessing phylogenomic discordance and biogeographic analysis using deep genome skimming data sets.
The relationship between hope levels and unmet needs of caregivers of advanced cancer patients†
Authors: Altınışık Müge , Kocabıyık Burcu , Arıkan Fatma , Şevik Huri Yeşim , Coşkun Hasan Şenol 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe effects in cultural and health provisions can lead to different unmet support needs. Hope is seen as an important support, a supportive power, and an efficient coping strategy for cancer caregivers. The purpose of this study in Turkish society is to determine supportive care needs of caregivers of cancer patients, to determine the hope levels of those caring for cancer patients and foresee how variables and hope can trigger needs.MethodsTo identify the unmet needs and hope levels of caregivers of advanced cancer patients in Turkish society. Data were collected using the Supportive Care Needs of Caregivers Scale and Herth Hope Index.ResultsMore than half of the advanced cancer caregivers (56.51%) reported unmet care needs. Their unmet needs and hope levels were above average. Regression analysis showed the total score for hope was related to health care and information needs, work‐social needs.ConclusionHope was related to health care and information needs and work‐social needs. Oncology nurses should focus on the unmet needs of caregivers, taking into account their cultural differences in order to raise their hopes.
A practical survey of fertility‐preservation treatments in the startup phase in Japan
Authors: Takae Seido , Kato Keiichi , Watanabe Chie , Nara Kazuko , Koizumi Tomoe , Kawai Kiyotaka , Ota Kuniaki , Yumura Yasushi , Yabuuchi Akiko , Kuwahara Akira , Furui Tatsuro , Takai Yasushi , Irahara Minoru , Suzuki Nao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe actual status of fertility preservation treatments in the startup phase in Japan was investigated as a basis for discussing future directions.MethodsThis study was conducted as “Research project to promote support of children and parenting 2016” which was supported by Ministry of Health in Japan with the approval of the institutional review board at St. Marianna University. Subjects of the survey were facilities registered with the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology as fertility preservation facilities, and facilities belonging to the Japan Association of Private Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics and Laboratories. We provided questionnaires to survey both the medical care system and cases for which fertility preservation was implemented between 2006 and 2016.ResultsResponses were obtained from 68 facilities (of the 64, 59 [92.2%] responded to the questionnaire and 9 clinics cooperated). Many facilities limited the cryopreservation of oocytes and ovaries to patients 40–41 years old and the use of eggs to patients 44–45 years old. In the patient survey, 812 cases of oocyte cryopreservation and 201 cases of ovarian tissue cryopreservation were performed during study period. Breast cancer was the most indicated disease, with oocyte cryopreservation in the late 30s and ovarian tissue cryopreservation in the early 30s. Very few babies were born from fertility preservation, and no live birth cases of ovarian tissue cryopreservation were identified.ConclusionsEven from the early days, fertility preservation was implemented according to certain standards in Japan, but was characterized by a large variety of facilities.
Challenge to improve Japan's deplorable HPV vaccination rate by local government actions
Authors: Miyoshi Ai , Ueda Yutaka , Yagi Asami , Kimura Toshihiro , Kobayashi Eiji , Tasaka Keiichi , Todo Aiko , Matsunami Katsura , Matsuoka Taro , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimIn Japan, in 2013, following reports of several alleged adverse reactions in young girls following vaccination, the previously successful national human papillomavirus infection (HPV) vaccination program collapsed rapidly. In the 8 years since vaccination rates have hovered near zero. In October of 2020, in an attempt to mitigate this lingering disaster, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) agency finally revised its HPV vaccination informational leaflet that was designed to be distributed by local governments nationwide. Prior to this revision, Toyonaka City, in Japan's Osaka province, had already begun sending out their own unique leaflet to girls in the targeted 6th–10th grades. As a preview of how MHLW's revised leaflet might eventually succeed, we have studied the HPV vaccination results from Toyonaka City's experiment.MethodThis study was a population‐based analysis that compared the monthly rates of new vaccinations in girls of a targeted grade school age group. We looked at rates before and after the leaflets were sent by Toyonaka City's Division of Health Promotion and Senior Services.ResultsThe vaccination rates between April 2020 and March 2021 were improved across all grades; 1.2% in 6th grade (p = 0.000185), 2.5% in 7th grade (p < 0.0001), 3.5% in 8th grade (p < 0.0001), 6.8% in 9th grade (p < 0.0001), and a remarkable 16.5% in 10th grade (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWhen a local government sends an HPV informational leaflet targeted at young girls, it can significantly improve their HPV vaccination rates.
Diagnostic office hysteroscopy; why is it still painful procedure despite the surgical experience and mini‐hysteroscope?
Authors: Guraslan Hakan , Senturk Mehmet B. , Dogan Keziban , Yuksel Berkay , Kaya Cihan , Karacan Tolga , Karabay Akgul Ozlem , Ceylan Yasin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of cervical canal features on pain during outpatient hysteroscopy performed by experienced surgeons using mini‐hysteroscope.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted on 303 women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy without anesthesia. Pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) when the cervical canal was passed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the VAS score: painless or mild pain (VAS <4) and moderate or severe pain (VAS ≥ 4). The relationship between cervical canal characteristics (length, version, and flexion positions, history of cervical intervention, stenosis, synechiae), obstetric and gynecological history, preoperative anxiety level, procedure duration, and pain intensity was examined.ResultsModerate pain (4 ≤ VAS < 7) was observed in 38% of patients (n = 117) and 14 patients (5%) experienced severe pain (VAS ≥ 7). In multivariate analysis, nulliparity (p = 0.01; OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.7–13.2), postmenopausal state (p = 0.02; OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–4.3), excessive flexion of the cervix and retroverted uterus (p <0.001; OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.0–8.5) were identified as risk factors for a painful procedure. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was successful in 98% of the patients. The pain was the primary cause of the failed hysteroscopy.ConclusionIn addition to nulliparity and postmenopausal status, unfavorable features of the cervical canal, such as the excessive flexion position of the cervix and uterine retroversion are significant causes of pain during outpatient hysteroscopy.
Oral exercises significantly improve oral functions in people with mild and moderate dementia: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Somsak Kwanrutai , Tangwongchai Sookjaroen , Komin Orapin , Maes Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no standard protocols of oral exercises for maintaining and improving oral function for people with dementia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the effects of home‐based oral exercises on the oral function of people with mild to moderate dementia.MethodsTwenty‐two participants at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital were randomly assigned to the exercise group (n = 11) or control group (n = 11). The exercise group was instructed to do three home‐based oral exercises, consisting of tongue‐strengthening, oral diadochokinesis (ODK) and mouth‐opening exercises, for 3 months, while the control group received advice on oral health care. The maximum tongue pressure (MTP) was the primary outcome. MTP, ODK rates of /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, modified water swallowing test (MWST) and oral moisture were measured at baseline, and after 1, 2 and 3 months of training. The generalised estimating equation analysis was used to evaluate the effects of oral exercises on the oral function.ResultsThe MTP and all ODK rates in the exercise group were significantly increased after 3 months of training. There were significant interaction effects between time and intervention in MTP and all ODK rates. No significant interaction effects between time and intervention in oral moisture were found. The MWST scores in both groups did not change through the end of study, and no adverse effects were reported.ConclusionHome‐based oral exercises were found to be effective for improving tongue strength and tongue‐lip motor function in people with mild to moderate dementia.
The ‘Viennese epidemic’ of acute HCV in the era of direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Chromy David , Bauer David J. M. , Simbrunner Benedikt , Jachs Matthias , Hartl Lukas , Schwabl Philipp , Schwarz Caroline , Rieger Armin , Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer Katharina , Trauner Michael , Ferenci Peter , Mandorfer Mattias , Gschwantler Michael , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recently reported epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections —observed predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM)—may now decline due to wide availability of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). This study aimed to investigate the current trends of acute hepatitis C in Vienna. Patients presenting with acute hepatitis C between 01/2007 and12/2020 at the Vienna General Hospital were retrospectively enrolled and followed after virologic clearance/eradication. The introduction of unrestricted DAA access after 09/17 defined the ‘DAA era’, as compared to the ‘pre‐DAA era’ prior to 09/17. We identified 134 acute hepatitis C cases in 119 patients with a mean age of 39 ± 9 years at inclusion. The majority of patients were male (92%), HIV‐positive (88%) and MSM (85%). In the DAA era, a history of prior chronic HCV infection at inclusion was found in 24% (11/46) compared to 7% (5/73) in the pre‐DAA era (p = .012). The annual rate of acute hepatitis C cases increased in the DAA era (17.11 per year) compared to the pre‐DAA era (7.76 per year). The DAA era included an AHC‐genotype‐2 cluster and more HIV‐negative acute hepatitis C cases (0% (0/73) vs. 30% (14/46), p < .001). Patients were followed after spontaneous clearance or sustained virologic treatment response (SVR) for a total of 251.88 patient‐years (median 1.39 years per patient). In the DAA era, we recorded 15 acute hepatitis C‐reinfections — corresponding to an incidence rate of 5.96 (95% CI: 3.57–9.66) reinfections per 100‐patient‐years. We continue to observe a high incidence of acute hepatitis C in Vienna in the DAA era—primarily among HIV‐positive MSM, but increasingly also in HIV‐negative MSM.
RETRACTED: Infectivity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) positive plasma with undetectable HBV‐DNA: Can HBsAg screening be discontinued in Egyptian blood donors?
Authors: Ekiaby Magdy El , Tanaka Junko , van Drimmelen Harry , Allain Jean‐Pierre , Lelie Nico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHBV infectivity data were reviewed and the 50% infectious dose (ID50) was reassessed in different HBsAg positive infection stages enabling modelling of transfusion‐transmitted (TT)‐HBV infection risk if HBsAg donor screening was replaced by individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology (ID‐NAT). Quantitative HBsAg and HBV‐DNA assays were performed against international standards to compare the ratio between potential infectious HBV virions and subviral HBsAg particles in Egyptian HBsAg positive blood donors as well as in Japanese chimpanzee samples of known infectivity. HBV‐DNA load below the quantification limit of detection was estimated against a reference standard by replicate NAT testing (n = 25). Infectivity of chimpanzee samples collected during ramp‐up and declining viremic phase were tested in a human liver chimeric mice (HLCM) model and compared with published infectivity data from different HBsAg positive infection stages. Lowest estimates of ID50 in HBsAg positive plasma were 3–6 HBV virions in chimpanzee studies. Infectivity decreased approximately 10–100‐fold in the declining viremic phase using HLCM. In acute‐phase samples, HBV to HBsAg particle ratios varied between 1:102–104 but in HBsAg positive blood donors this particle ratio reached 1:106–1012 when viral load was below 100 HBV‐DNA copies/ml. Modelled TT‐HBV risk of an HBsAg positive/ID‐NAT nonreactive blood transfusion was estimated at 9%–46% for components containing 20–200 ml of plasma assuming an ID50 of 316 (point estimate between 100 and 1000) virions. In the Egyptian setting, discontinuation of HBsAg donor screening and reliance on ID‐NAT alone seems to be unsafe.
Phenotypic plasticity and selection on leaf traits in response to snowmelt timing and summer precipitation
Authors: Navarro Jocelyn , Powers John M. , Paul Ayaka , Campbell Diane R. 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Vegetative traits of plants can respond directly to changes in the environment, such as those occurring under climate change. That phenotypic plasticity could be adaptive, maladaptive, or neutral.

We manipulated the timing of spring snowmelt and amount of summer precipitation in factorial combination and examined responses of specific leaf area (SLA), trichome density, leaf water content (LWC), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) in the subalpine herb Ipomopsis aggregata. The experiment was repeated in three years differing in natural timing of snowmelt. To examine natural selection, we used survival, relative growth rate, and flowering as fitness indices.

A 50% reduction in summer precipitation reduced stomatal conductance and increased iWUE, and doubled precipitation increased LWC. Combining natural and experimental variation, earlier snowmelt reduced soil moisture, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and increased trichome density and iWUE. Precipitation reduction reversed the mortality selection favoring high stomatal conductance under normal and doubled precipitation, and higher LWC improved growth.

Earlier snowmelt is a strong signal of climate change and can change expression of leaf morphology and gas exchange traits, just as reduced precipitation can. Stomatal conductance and SLA showed adaptive plasticity under some conditions.
Effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy for bipolar affective disorder: A co‐produced single subject cumulative treatment design with extended follow‐up (A1/B/A2/C‐FU)
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Alhadeff Lisa , Gaskell Chris , Simmonds‐Buckley Melanie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesEvidence for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder with cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is limited, and so this study sought to intensively evaluate outcomes in a co‐produced single‐case experimental design (SCED).DesignAn A1/B/A2/C with extended follow‐up SCED with a female patient meeting diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder.MethodsFollowing the 6‐week baseline period ‘A1’, treatment occurred in two phases (18 ‘B’ and 6 sessions ‘C’) sandwiching a 12‐week treatment withdrawal phase (‘A2’) and a 24‐week structured follow‐up phase. Five idiographic daily measures were collected daily to create a 622‐day timeline. The PHQ‐9 and the Mania Rating Scale were completed after each treatment session. The participant held two roles: as the patient and provider of the idiographic/nomothetic outcomes and also as part of the research team through providing a commentary on the outcomes identified.ResultsCAT was a partially effective intervention. There were improvements to idiographic measures of self‐criticism, self‐acceptance, body dissatisfaction and worry. Nomothetic outcomes showed little change. CAT did not insulate from the occurrence of a hypermanic relapse during the follow‐up phase. The change commentary mirrored the idiographic outcomes in noting that the ‘exits’ were harder to implement during the manic relapse.ConclusionsThis co‐produced SCED suggests a partially effective CAT intervention, but with exits much harder to sustain during manic relapse. Methodologically, it is possible to improve SCED methodology through widening the participant role further beyond that of data collection.
Strong cognitivist weaknesses
Authors: Hauthaler Nathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarušić & Schwenkler (Analytic Philosophy, 59, 309) offer a simple and elegant defense of strong cognitivismabout intention: the view that an intentionto φ isa form ofbelief that one will φ. I show that their defense fails: however simple and elegant, it fails to account for various aspects about intention and its expression, and faces distinctive challenges of its own, including a dilemma and counterexample. These also undermine Marušić & Schwenkler's claim to a best‐explanation type of account and recommend alternatives to strong cognitivism altogether.
Iron, hepcidin, and microcytosis in canine hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Polak Klaudia Z. , Schaffer Paula , Donaghy Dillon , Zenk Madison C. , Olver Christine S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundErythrocyte microcytosis in some dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests a derangement in systemic iron. Hepcidin, the master regulator of iron, is secreted by the liver in response to interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and/or bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and can cause microcytosis.ObjectivesPilot study to compare the quantities of hepcidin, IL‐6, and BMP6 RNA molecules in archival tumoral (HCC) and adjacent peritumoral (non‐HCC) hepatic tissue to determine if they are different between tissue types or associated with microcytosis.MethodsRNA was isolated from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded HCC and non‐HCC tissue from seven microcytic dogs and four normocytic dogs. Digital RNA counts of hepcidin, IL‐6, or BMP6, and six other iron‐regulatory genes were determined using the Nanostring nCounter system. The area of blue on each section was digitally evaluated to measure the extent of Prussian blue staining objectively. Parameters were compared between HCC and non‐HCC tissue and between microcytic and normocytic groups.ResultsHepcidin was decreased, and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) was increased in HCC tissue compared with non‐HCC tissue. Non‐HCC hepcidin RNA counts correlated negatively with MCV and positively with the extent of iron staining. Hepcidin expression was higher in non‐HCC tissue of microcytic cases than in normocytic cases.ConclusionsCanine HCC cases showed relatively increased iron staining in non‐HCC tissue and decreased hepcidin RNA in HCC tissue. Microcytic cases had higher hepcidin RNA in non‐HCC tissue than normocytic cases. Future studies may extend these findings to protein quantification, cellular localization of RNA changes, and determining if iron loading in canine liver is a predisposing factor for HCC.