bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreshock statistics and their possible relationship to earthquake prediction in the Italian region
Authors: Console R. , Murru M. , Alessandrini B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the foreshocks of earthquake sequences recorded by the Italian national seismological network between 1975 and 1991. We consider as foreshocks events exceeding a given threshold magnitude that follow a period of quiescence and come before a mainshock occurring within a given time-distance range. The total number of potential foreshocks identified by the algorithm depends on the size and the duration of the predefined quiescence area, whereas the number of mainshocks preceded by foreshocks depends also on the size of the area in which the event is expected and the duration of the alarm period. Our aim was to optimize the choice of the parameters defining potential foreshocks as precursors of stronger earthquakes, in order to improve their validity and reliability.
A preliminary investigation carried over the whole Italian territory allowed the definition of zones where foreshocks-mainshocks series are likely to occur. One of these zones is an area of about 32,000 km2 in Central Italy including a total of 2671 events of M ≧ 2.5, where there is a significant tendency of moderate shocks to be followed at short distance and in short time by larger shocks. Our method would lead to issuing 63 alarms with the optimal definition of foreshocks as events of magnitude exceeding 3.0 after at least 80 days of quiescence in an area of 140 km radius. The rate of occurrence for mainshocks of magnitude exceeding 4.0 during the following 48 hours, in the specified area of 30 km radius, is 6 of 23 events. The corresponding probability gain is about 150. For comparison, another larger zone (Po Valley) with 453 events of M ≧ 2.5 exhibits only a rate of 1 of 82 precursors. In this area most events are single shocks. Our analysis shows that the foreshock activity can be regarded as a significant earthquake precursor, so suggesting that real time observation of seismicity can be used to improve the quality of an earthquake prediction system.
Determination of Stoma Characteristics and SPAD Values of Some Local and Commercial Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kayseri Ecological Conditions
Authors: SÜMBÜL Ahmet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the leaf stoma characteristics and SPAD value of total 18 grape varieties (10 local and 8 commercial) grown in the Kayseri region. Among the varieties SPAD value ranged from 29.23 (Çekirdeksiz) to 42.26 (Kara Burcu), and the stoma frequency (stoma/mm2) ranged from 85.99 (Kara Burcu) to 136.83 (Tarsus Beyazı). Although there was a positive correlation between stoma width and stoma length, these parameters did not show a statistical correlation with stoma frequency. Stoma frequency and stoma surface showed a high positive correlation with both potential conductance index (r=0.76 and r=0.53, respectively) and relative stoma frequency (r=0.75 and r=0.65, respectively). Stoma shape coefficient showed a negative correlation with potential conductance index (r=-0.28). In this study, it was determined that the effect of the grape varieties on leaf stoma characteristics and SPAD value was important statistically. This result shows that leaf stomatal characteristics and SPAD value are genetically controlled.
Breast Tumor Detection and Classification Based on Microwave Imaging
Authors: ORAL Emin Argun , SAHAKİAN Alan V. 
Published: August 2022

Limitations caused by traditional breast cancer detection and screening techniques have encouraged researchers to investigate alternative solutions. This study examines the use of a microwave-based approach for tumor detection in breast tissue and related tumor type classification using matched-filtering. Radar-like confocal microwave imaging (CMI) method constructs the foundation of such tumor detection approach. In particular, a microwave pulse is first transmitted, then back-scattered pulses are collected. All major reflective sites in the breast tissue are detected by repeating this procedure on a microwave pulse transmission-reception grid, aligning captured signals in-time to focus on a particular region in the breast tissue and superimposing such time-shifted signals to improve signal-to-clutter level. In the observed signals, clutter is originated by the heterogeneity of the breast tissue while signal is originated by a tumor site as a function of its water content.
All calculations, in the study, were performed computationally in terms of a 3D Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation models. For the antenna system, two cross-polarized resistively loaded bow-ties antennas were used in the computational model, and the tumor site was modeled using five different size and morphologies. Matched-filtering, on the other hand, was performed matching such obtained observations with that of a homogenous breast tissue, namely clutter-free model. Performance of the proposed approach was tested for two different antenna array resolutions, and it was observed that this parameter is important for successful detection and classification of a tumor-site in a realistic heterogenous breast tissue model.
ГЕОХИМИЯ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОД НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ТУТУЯССКОЙ ПЛОЩАДИ (КЕМЕРОВСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)
Authors: Домрочева Евгения Витальевна 
Published: August 2022

Актуальность. Изучение гидрогеохимических условий и формирования состава природных вод Томь-Усинского района Кемеровской области в условиях отсутствия добычи угля и нагрузок на водные системы важная и актуальная тема для этого региона. Полученные данные позволяют расширить представления об общих закономерностях распределения элементов в системе вода–порода в условиях угольных отложений на территории, не нарушенной интенсивной разработкой полезных ископаемых, например, добычей угля или угольного метана, характерных для Кузбасса. Это позволит в дальнейшем использовать имеющуюся информацию при различных экологических и поисковых исследованиях. Цель: изучить геохимию природных вод, провести расчеты активностей основных ионов с помощью программного комплекса HydroGeo и построить диаграммы равновесия подземных вод с водовмещающими отложениями; выделить геохимические типы природных вод и изучить их изменение в соответствии с зональностью, прослеживающейся на данной территории. Объекты: подземные воды преимущественно юрских и верхнепермских терригенно-угленосных отложений тайлуганской свиты Ерунаковской подсерии Кольчугинской серии Тутуясской площади Томь-Усинского района Кузнецкого бассейна, а также речные воды территории. Методы. Химический состав воды определялся стандартными методами в Проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории гидрогеохимии Томского политехнического университета. Формы миграции гумусовых кислот рассчитывались с использованием программного комплекса HydroGeo. Результаты. Авторами выполнены исследования химического состава природных вод на территории Тутуясской площади Томь-Усинского района Кузбасса. В рамках данного исследования отмечено, что имеющиеся изменения в значениях минерализации и рН присущи естественному их распределению. Источником поступления вод являются атмосферные осадки, поступающие в систему из областей питания, поэтому изученные воды инфильтрационного генезиса, прослеживается гидрогеохимическая зональность. В работе показаны результаты проведенного расчета равновесий подземных вод данной площади с карбонатными и алюмосиликатными минералами вмещающих пород. Установлено, что воды имеют равновесно-неравновесный характер: они неравновесны с первичными (эндогенными) минералами, которые они и растворяют, но в то же время равновесны с глинами и карбонатами, т. е. осаждаются из вод.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ОТРАБОТАННЫХ НЕФТЕПРОДУКТОВ КАК ТОПЛИВА
Authors: Кожевников Виталий Анатольевич , Попов Станислав Константинович , Строгонов Константин Владимирович , Федюхин Александр Валерьевич , Валинеева Анна Александровна , Мотов Егор Вячеславович , Малев Сергей Николаевич 
Published: August 2022

Актуальность. Отработанные нефтепродукты, образующиеся в различных технологических системах, представляют собой материальный поток, который характеризуется множественностью разнородных составляющих (отработанные масла, нефтешламы, некондиционные жидкие нефтепродукты и др.) и распределенностью источников этих составляющих. Утилизация данного потока может быть реализована с соблюдением экологических нормативов и получением энергосберегающего эффекта путем использования отработанных нефтепродуктов как топлива. Реализация этой перспективы должна строиться на соответствующей нормативной базе.Цель: систематизированное и полное представление информации, необходимой для эффективного использования отработанных нефтепродуктов в качестве топлива, разработка классификации топлива из отработанных нефтепродуктов на основе анализа литературных данных и результатов экспериментальных исследований.Объект: отработанные нефтепродукты, к которым относятся отработанные масла, промывочные нефтяные жидкости, а также смеси нефти и нефтепродуктов, образующиеся при зачистке средств хранения, транспортирования, извлекаемые из нефтесодержащих вод.Методы: анализ теплотехнических свойств отработанных нефтепродуктов для оценки перспектив их энергоэффективного использования в качестве топлива; исследование условий экологически эффективного сжигания отработанных нефтепродуктов в промышленных установках; разработка классификации топлива из отработанных нефтепродуктов.Результаты. Выполнен анализ требований к отработанным нефтепродуктам как к топливу, которые установлены нормативными документами ряда стран. Приведены результаты исследования теплотехнических характеристик отработанных нефтепродуктов в качестве топлива. Получена аналитическая зависимость низшей теплоты сгорания отработанных нефтепродуктов от кинематической вязкости. Предложена классификация топлива из отработанных нефтепродуктов, которая может быть использована для создания соответствующей нормативной базы.
​The Downregulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 after Oral Administration of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 in Mice Model for Endometriosis
Authors: Putra A.K. , Sa’adi A. , . Widjiati , Surono I.S. , Ansori A.N.M. , Nidom R.V. 
Published: August 2022

Background: As a multi-functional cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is advanced in endometriosis. Probiotics are known to be able to modulate/regulate immune responses through downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 (LIS-10506) is a novel probiotics strain derived from curd (a milk product which look like a yogurt) from traditionally made from buffalo milk or usually called by dadih from West Sumatra, Indonesia. This investigation intended to comprehend the impact of LIS-10506 administration on IL-6 expression in the endometrial tissue, serum IL-6 levels and endometriosis implant areas in mice model for endometriosis. Methods: This study conducted at the Animal Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya, Indonesia from January to June 2021. This experimental study was conducted on 32 adult female mice 12 weeks old divided into 4 groups in a completely randomized design with a posttest only control group design. LIS-10506 microencapsulation of curd was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU/mice/day for 7 and 21 days. Serum IL-6 levels were assessed using IL-6 ELISA Kit for mice, IL-6 expression was assessed semi quantitatively according to the Remmele method and implant areas were measured by the area of hyperemia in mice’s peritoneal wall. Result: This investigation revealed that the peritoneal IL-6 expression and implant area experienced a decrease. In summary, the administration of LIS-10506 could downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. This present study has demonstrated the effect of LIS-10506 on one of the pathophysiological pathways in endometriosis.
Injury incidence in elite youth soccer academy athletes: a 3-year retrospective follow up
Authors: ARSLAN Serdar , DİNÇ Engin 
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries suffered by elite soccer academy athletes.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the health records between 2016 and 2019 of athletes in the elite male soccer academy of an elite football club. The cause, type, location, recurrence, and severity of the injuries, where the injuries occured and time lost due to the injuries were recorded. The injury incidence and prevalence were calculated.
Results: Overall, total injuries and seasonal incidence rate were 1.49 (1.33-1.68) and 8.06 (7.16-0.04) per 1000 hours, respectively. The injury burden ranged between 11.83 (10.53-13.29) days and 51.43 (49.11-53.85) days. The injury characteristics were not statistically different according to age groups (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Youth soccer players in the U19 and U21 age groups had more injuries than other junior age groups in a typical soccer season. It was concluded that there were more match injuries, the thigh was the most injured area, muscle injuries were more common, and the hamstring was the most frequently injured muscle.
Parameters affecting the anatomical and functional success of macular hole surgery
Authors: KIRIKKAYA Esin , KAYNAK Süleyman 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To evaluate the effect of preoperative Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) parameters on macular hole surgery (MHS) and their predictive value for postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 30 eyes of 30 patients with macular hole (MH). All patients underwent pars plana 23-gauge vitrectomy. A detailed macular analysis including MH minimum diameter (MD), base diameter (BD), opening diameter (OD), height, nasal arm (NA), temporal arm (TA), macular hole index (MHI), diameter hole index (DHI), tractional hole index (THI), hole form factor (HHF), macular hole area (MHA), and macular hole volume (MHV) were performed preoperatively. Presence of inner segment–outer segment (IS/OS) line, external limiting membrane (ELM), and cyst was noted postoperatively. Relationships between these parameters and postoperative BCVA were evaluated.
Results: The study group comprised 25 (83.3%) women. Mean pre and postoperative BCVA values were 0.924±0.320 and 0.487±0.287 logMAR, respectively. BCVA improved significantly after MHS (p
PEMBERDAYAN MASYARAKAT UMKM BERBASIS DIGITAL LITERACY DI KAMPUNG LOGAM NGINGAS KABUPATEN SIDOARJO [EMPOWERMENT OF SME COMMUNITY BASED ON DIGITAL LITERACY IN KAMPUNG METAL NGINGAS, SIDOARJO REGENCY]
Authors: Putra Allen Pranata , Aristyanto Erwan 
Published: August 2022

<p>The quality of human resources will determine the sustainability of the economy in every condition, especially in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, it takes the comparative sustainability of good products. In addition to comparative advantage, increasing digital literacy of each individual is also needed to be able to provide employment and economic improvement. Problems in UMKM are at least the improvement of human resources, the quality of product branding, the improvement of the economy periodically and the growth of employment. The methods used in improving digital literacy in community service are Focus Group Discussion (FGD), indepth interview, and field mentoring. Community empowerment activities are expected to increase the competence of UMKM actors due to technological transformation in business. The results of community empowerment through the improvement of digital literacy that has been done show positive results and are very beneficial for UMKM. At least UMKM can win competition in the lowest price filters, improved product branding, and increased labor. Further community service is expected to maintain the quality of products and comparative advantages that have been owned by UMKM actors.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIAN <strong>ABSTRACT</strong>: </strong>Kualitas sumber daya manusia akan menentukan keberlangsungan ekonomi dalam setiap kondisi, terutama dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19, dibutuhkan keunggulan komparatif produk yang baik. Selain keunggulan komparatif, peningkatan <em>digital literacy</em> setiap individu juga diperlukan untuk dapat meningkatkan lapangan kerja dan peningkatan ekonomi. Masalah di UMKM setidaknya adalah peningkatan sumber daya manusia, kualitas <em>branding product</em>, peningkatan ekonomi secara berkala dan pertumbuhan lapangan kerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam meningkatkan <em>digital literacy</em> dalam pelayanan masyarakat adalah <em>Focus Group Discussion</em> (FGD), <em>indepth interview</em>, dan pendampingan lapangan. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi pelaku UMKM akibat adanya tranformasi teknologi dalam bisnis. Hasil pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui peningkatan <em>digital literacy</em> yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan hasil yang positif dan sangat bermanfaat bagi pelaku UMKM. Setidaknya pelaku UMKM dapat memenangkan persaingan dalam filter harga terendah, peningkatan <em>branding product</em>, dan peningkatan tenaga kerja. Pengabdian masyarakat selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mempertahankan kualitas produk dan keunggulan komparatif yang telah dimiliki oleh pelaku UMKM<em>.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
MENGATASI PERMASALAHAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI BIMBINGAN BELAJAR SIGMA [OVERCOMING STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION PROBLEMS IN SIGMA LEARNING HOUSE]
Authors: Listiani Tanti , Saragih Melda Jaya , Appulembang Oce Datu , Widiastuti Widiastuti 
Published: August 2022

<p>SIGMA tutoring is conducted in a church, namely the HKBP Binong Permai Tangerang. Because of the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2021, parents of church congregations have complaints about learning difficulties experienced by their children while online learning. The problem arises because the material studied by their children is quite difficult for their parents to guide. A solution is needed to overcome these problems, namely through Sigma tutoring. Sigma tutoring is implemented online by providing individual guidance for students. Online tutoring is being implemented currently according to government recommendations, it is prohibited to conduct face-to-face meetings between individuals. Even though by online learning, Sigma tutoring has a positive impact, namely that students/tutees feel helped by their learning difficulties, and tutors who are students can further hone their teaching skills through this Sigma tutoring. </p><p><strong><br /></strong><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABASTRACT</strong>: Bimbingan belajar SIGMA dilaksanakan di sebuah gereja yakni HKBP Binong Permai Tangerang. Akibat Pandemi akibat COVID-19 pada tahun 2021 ini, orang tua dari jemaat gereja memiliki keluhan atas kesulitan belajar yang dialami anak-anaknya saat belajar online. Permasalahan muncul karena materi yang dipelajari oleh anak-anaknya cukup sulit untuk dibimbing oleh orang tua mereka. Dibutuhkan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, yakni melalui bimbingan belajar Sigma. Bimbingan belajar Sigma adalah bimbingan belajar yang dilaksanakan secara online, dengan memberikan bimbingan per individu untuk peserta didik. Bimbingan belajar secara online sedang marak dilaksanakan karena saat ini sesuai anjuran pemerintah melarang untuk melakukan pertemuan tatap muka antar personal. Meskipun dilakukan secara online, bimbingan belajar Sigma memberikan dampak positif yakni peserta didik/tutee merasa terbantu kesulitan belajarnya serta Tutor yang adalah mahasiswa dapat semakin mengasah kemampuan mengajarnya melalui bimbingan belajar Sigma ini.</p>
ROSANA PAULINO E EDUCAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICOS-RACIAIS
Authors: Braga Silva Lucas Nascimento 
Published: August 2022

Este texto tem por objetivo analisar a potência pedagógica da obra da artista e educadora Rosana Paulino na Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais. Propõe um exercício teórico e conceitual, que lança olhar apara as conjugações entre as obras de Paulino e Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais. Rosana Paulino é uma artista negra que tem sua poética voltada para as questões de gênero, raça e identidade, trazendo em suas obras problemáticas históricas relacionadas a escravidão, ao racismo e as desigualdades com a população negra. A partir da análise da obra Classificar é saber?(2016) e da experiência docente de dois professores de artes de escolas públicas das cidades de Sapucaia do Sul (RS) e Montenegro (RS) buscou-se perceber a contribuição das obras para o trabalho da Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais principalmente no ambiente escolar. Como opção metodológica, a produção e da escrita reflexiva de um ensaio resultou nas discussões necessárias para responder o seguinte questionamento: Como a obra de Rosana Paulino contribui na educação para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais? Como conclusões, pode-se relacionar as contribuições pedagógicas da obra da artista mencionada para contribuir na produção de conhecimento no campo das artes e da educação.
Dissolvable Rubbers Development and its Applications in Downhole Tools
Authors: Ren Jiaxiang , Cheng Peng , Wang Xu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dissolvable tools have been used more in unconventional oil and gas operations in recent years. Sealing element is one of the important parts of the dissolvable tools. The dissolvable rubbers in the market either have low strength or the dissolution rate was low. A series of high strength dissolvable rubbers with various dissolution rate have been developed by CNPC-USA to meet the industrial requirements.
The mechanical properties of the dissolvable rubbers were tested at ambient and high temperatures. The dissolvable rubber coupons were soaked in water, 0.3%, 1% KCl at 80, 90 and 120 °C for various durations up to 47 days. The mass, dimensions, volume, hardness, density, and tensile properties of the samples were measured after different durations to characterize the dissolution rate. In addition, the pressure rating of dissolvable rubber sealing element was tested in water environment at 90 °C or 100 °C and in oil environment at 120 °C for 24 hours. The dissolution rate of the dissolvable rubber sealing element was tested at 90 °C or 80 °C in brine. It was found that the tensile strength of the dissolvable rubber at high temperature was in the range of 800-3000 psi and the elongation of the dissolvable rubber at high temperature was higher than 500%, which was higher than that of the most of the commercial dissolvable rubbers.
For 90-120°C rated dissolvable rubbers, the dissolvable rubber coupons were disintegrated in brine at 90 °C in 5-15 days and the dissolvable rubber was completely dissolved in brine at 120°C in 4 days. The dissolvable rubber sealing elements hold 10,000 psi pressure differential at 90 °C in water and at 120 °C in oil environment for more than 24 hours. On the other hand, the dissolvable rubber sealing element were disintegrated in 90°C, 1% KCl in 7-11 days.
For 80-120°C rated dissolvable rubbers, the dissolvable rubber coupons were disintegrated in brine at 80°C in 3-10 days. The dissolvable rubber sealing elements hold 8,700 psi pressure differential for 24 hours and 10,000 psi pressure differential at 100 °C for 15 minutes. On the other hand, the dissolvable rubber sealing elements were disintegrated at 80°C in 1% KCl in 3-5 days.
The pressure rating properties and dissolution rate properties of the dissolvable rubber sealing elements met the field operation requirements. The dissolvable plugs with the dissolvable rubber sealing elements have been successfully used in multiple tight-oil wells and more than 15 shale gas wells fracturing operations in China.
The dissolution rate of the dissolvable rubber could be controlled by adjusting the formulations. The dissolution rate of the dissolvable rubber was independent of brine concentration. CNPC-USA has developed a series of dissolvable rubbers in the temperature range from 40°C to 175°C applications to meet different operation requirements.