bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alien species and the Water Framework Directive: Recommendations for assessing ecological status in fresh waters in Norway
Authors: Sandvik Hanno , Taugbøl Annette , Bærum Kim Magnus , Hesthagen Trygve , Jensen Thomas C. , Johnsen Stein Ivar , Sandlund Odd Terje , Schartau Ann Kristin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Invasive alien species are recognized as a significant anthropogenic threat to freshwater ecosystems, because they may bring about the local extinction of native species and the collapse of habitat types of special conservation concern.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is an important legislative tool for the protection of water bodies in the European Union. It requires the assessment of the ecological status of water bodies and the enforcement of measures for water bodies that fail to achieve at least ‘good’ ecological status. However, the WFD does not explicitly mention alien species.
This article presents a three‐tiered approach for the incorporation of data on alien species into WFD assessments of freshwater bodies in Norway. If relevant data on WFD parameters are available for the water body under consideration, its ecological status should be inferred from those data. Otherwise, ecological status should be assessed using evidence of the effects that the alien species have on biological quality elements in comparable water bodies. If neither of these options is feasible, the ecological status should be classified according to the ecological effect score of the alien species present, as obtained from the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA).
It is further recommended that a water body cannot be assigned ‘high ecological status’ if at least one alien species is present. If more than one alien species is present, the status is determined by the species with the highest impact.
Ecological, geographical, historical, and taxonomic delimitation criteria for this assessment method are presented, together with a list of the alien species that at present fulfil these delimitations in Norway.
The management implications of the recommendations are that more Norwegian freshwater bodies are likely to require measures, and that further data must be collected. Most of the recommendations are transferable to other countries, although they may require adjustment.
SATs, sets and allegations of bias: The allocation of 11‐year‐old students to mathematics sets in some English schools in 2015. A response to Connolly et al., 2019
Authors: Gomm Roger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is a methodological critique of research by the Best Practice in Grouping Students (BPGS) project claiming teacher bias in allocating students to first‐year secondary school mathematics teaching sets (British Educational Research Journal, 45(4), 873–879). The research assumes that bias could be shown by non‐random relationships between ‘misallocations’ to sets and memberships of gender, ethnic and/or socio‐economic subgroups. This paper questions the authors’ prescriptions for correct set placements and demonstrates two ways in which non‐random relationships between subgroup memberships and (alleged) misplacements could be generated despite all students with similar scores within a school being given the same chance of a set position deemed correct by the researchers. It suggests that the BPGS project results are largely artefacts of their evaluation approach. No claim is made herein that teacher bias plays no part in set allocation, merely that, if it does, the approach by Connolly et al. could not evidence it. A lesson from the critique is that, before drawing inferences from data aggregated from diverse clusters, it is wise for researchers to investigate the way the data are generated at source and patterned by aggregation.
Allometry‐Based Field, Laboratory, and Desktop Exercises for Marine Ecology Students
Authors: Taylor Richard B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping meaningful in‐course exercises for university‐level marine ecology students can be challenging due to the constraints imposed by time, logistics, and/or safety. Here, I describe three exercises that exploit the explanatory power of body size to provide context for field‐, laboratory‐, and desktop‐based projects done by students at varying stages of their university education. The exercises collectively help to develop a range of research skills including data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and communication.
Highly selective and sensitive ‘on–off’ fluorescent chemosensor for Fe3+ ions crafted by benzofuran moiety in both experimental and theoretical methods
Authors: Madhu P. , Sivakumar P. , Sribalan Rajendran , Arumugam Senthil M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA benzofuran glycinamide‐based chemosensor, 3‐(2‐([4‐fluorobenzyl]amino)acetamido)benzofuran‐2‐carboxamide (BGA) was developed and synthesized for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ ions. The photophysical properties of the probe BGA were studied using UV–visible light absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometers. The chemosensor BGA showed a marked ‘on–off’ fluorescence response towards Fe3+ ions in the presence of other metal ions in DMSO/H2O solution (9/1, v/v). The very low limits of detection (LOD) were calculated to be 10 nM and 43 nM using UV–visible light absorption and fluorescence spectrophotometers, respectively. Job's plot analysis revealed the formation of a BGA‐Fe3+ complex with a 1:1 binding stoichiometry ratio using UV–visible light spectroscopy. The sensing mechanism was also demonstrated using density functional theory calculation.
Stability‐indicating HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of metformin, dapagliflozin, and saxagliptin in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Vankalapati Krishna Rao , Alegete Pallavi , Boodida Sathyanarayana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA simple, precise, and rapid stability‐indicating reversed‐phase‐HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of metformin (MET), dapagliflozin (DAP), and saxagliptin (SAX) combination in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The proposed method uses a Kromasil C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with column oven temperature of 30°C and mobile phase containing a mixture of 60% phosphate buffer (pH = 3) and 40% acetonitrile. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The detection was carried out at 230 nm using a photodiode array detector, and the total run time was 4 min. The proposed method was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and solution stability. The method is linear over the range of 125–750 μg/mL for MET, 1.25–7.5 μg/mL for DAP, and 0.625–3.75 μg/mL for SAX. The observed correlation coefficients (R2) for MET, DAP, and SAX are >0.999. The proposed method is precise, and the percentage relative standard deviation was found to be between 0.4 and 0.8. The observed percentage recoveries were between 98.51 and 100.80 for all three compounds. The product was subjected to stress conditions of acid, base, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic degradation. The product was found to degrade significantly in oxidative, acid, and base hydrolysis degradation conditions, and the degradation products were well determined from the active peaks, thus proving the stability‐indicating power of the method. The developed and validated stability‐indicating reversed‐phase‐HPLC method was appropriate for quantitative determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and also for quality control in bulk manufacturing.
The impact of environmental investments on green innovation: An integration of factors that increase or decrease uncertainty
Authors: Li Ruiqian , Xu Guanghua , Ramanathan Ramakrishnan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow institutional factors that increase or decrease uncertainty can influence the effect of environmental investments (EIs) on green innovation (GI) deserves further investigation. In this study, we first examine the direct impact of EIs on GI. Moreover, we consider political uncertainty (PU) as a factor that increases uncertainty and consider marketization degree (MD) and environmental regulations (ERs) as two other factors that decrease uncertainty; then, we examine the effects of these factors on EIs and GI. Using key environmental cities in China covering the period from 2003 to 2016 as the research sample, the empirical results indicate that EIs can have a positive effect on GI and two different types of GI (green invention and green utility). In addition, PU can weaken the positive effect of EIs on GI. Furthermore, the association between EIs and GI varies with the intensity of ERs but does not vary with MD. The positive effect of EIs on GI is more pronounced in cities with a higher intensity of ERs. Overall, PU that increases uncertainty can weaken the positive effect of EIs on GI, whereas ERs that decrease uncertainty can strengthen the promotion effect of EIs on GI.
Impact of different trace elements on metabolic routes during heterotrophic growth of C. ljungdahlii investigated through online measurement of the carbon dioxide transfer rate
Authors: Mann Marcel , Effert Darina , Kottenhahn Patrick , Hüser Aline , Philipps Gabriele , Jennewein Stefan , Büchs Jochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynthesis gas fermentation using acetogenic clostridia is a rapidly increasing research area. It offers the possibility to produce platform chemicals from sustainable C1 carbon sources. The Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway (WLP), which allows acetogens to grow autotrophically, is also active during heterotrophic growth. It acts as an electron sink and allows for the utilization of a wide variety of soluble substrates and increases ATP yields during heterotrophic growth. While glycolysis leads to CO2 evolution, WLP activity results in CO2 fixation. Thus, a reduction of net CO2 emissions during growth with sugars is an indicator of WLP activity. To study the effect of trace elements and ventilation rates on the interaction between glycolysis and the WLP, the model acetogen Clostridium ljungdahlii was cultivated in YTF medium, a complex medium generally employed for heterotrophic growth, with fructose as growth substrate. The recently reported anaRAMOS device was used for online measurement of metabolic activity, in form of CO2 evolution. The addition of multiple trace elements (iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, nickel, copper, selenium, and tungsten) was tested, to study the interaction between glycolysis and the Wood ljungdahl pathway. While the addition of iron(II) increased growth rates and ethanol production, added nickel(II) increased WLP activity and acetate formation, reducing net CO2 production by 28%. Also, higher CO2 availability through reduced volumetric gas flow resulted in 25% reduction of CO2 evolution. These online metabolic data demonstrate that the anaRAMOS is a valuable tool in the investigation of metabolic responses i.e. to determine nutrient requirements that results in reduced CO2 production. Thereby the media composition can be optimized depending on the specific goal.
HSF1 facilitates the multistep process of lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer via a novel PRMT5‐WDR5‐dependent transcriptional program
Authors: Huang Ming , Dong Wen , Xie Ruihui , Wu Jilin , Su Qiao , Li Wuguo , Yao Kai , Chen Yuelong , Zhou Qianghua , Zhang Qiang , Li Wenwen , Cheng Liang , Peng Shengmeng , Chen Siting , Huang Jian , Chen Xu , Lin Tianxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymphatic metastasis has been associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients with limited therapeutic options. Emerging evidence shows that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) drives diversified transcriptome to promote tumor growth and serves as a promising therapeutic target. However, the roles of HSF1 in lymphatic metastasis remain largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to illustrate the clinical roles and mechanisms of HSF1 in the lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer and explore its therapeutic potential.MethodsWe screened the most relevant gene to lymphatic metastasis among overexpressed heat shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), and analyzed its clinical relevance in three cohorts. Functional in vitro and in vivo assays were performed in HSF1‐silenced and ‐regained models. We also used Co‐immunoprecipitation to identify the binding proteins of HSF1 and chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays to investigate the transcriptional program directed by HSF1. The pharmacological inhibitor of HSF1, KRIBB11, was evaluated in popliteal lymph node metastasis models and patient‐derived xenograft models of bladder cancer.ResultsHSF1 expression was positively associated with lymphatic metastasis status, tumor stage, advanced grade, and poor prognosis of bladder cancer. Importantly, HSF1 enhanced the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells in primary tumor to initiate metastasis, proliferation of cancer cells in lymph nodes, and macrophages infiltration to facilitate multistep lymphatic metastasis. Mechanistically, HSF1 interacted with protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and jointly induced the monomethylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me1) and symmetric dimethylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2s). This recruited the WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5)/mixed‐lineage leukemia (MLL) complex to increase the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3); resulting in upregulation of lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C‐C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), and E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2). Application of KRIBB11 significantly inhibited the lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer with no significant toxicity.ConclusionOur findings reveal a novel transcriptional program directed by the HSF1‐PRMT5‐WDR5 axis during the multistep process of lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Targeting HSF1 could be a multipotent and promising therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer patients with lymphatic metastasis.
Surgical repair of a giant congenital right atrial aneurysm concomitant with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Beheshti Monfared Mahmood , Khani Mohammad , Jafari Naeini Sepideh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCongenital right atrial aneurysms (RAA) have a wide range of clinical presentations and leads to various complications. Depending on the initial presentation and associated complications, a conservative or surgical approach may be considered. A patient suffering from a giant RAA associated with the Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome, who underwent successful surgical treatment, is presented here.
Unexpected gastrointestinal bleeding from the ileocolic artery penetrating the duodenum after hilar cholangiocarcinoma surgery
Authors: Uemura Sunao , Maeda Hiromichi , Hanazaki Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCases of bleeding from the ileocolic artery penetrating the duodenum are uncommon, as bleeding from the colonic diverticulum usually spontaneously stops. Herein, this case depicts sudden gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient whose only relevant history was hepaticojejunostomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and a previous abdominal surgery for a traffic accident.
A Quasi‐Two‐Dimensional Trilayered CsPbBr3‐based Dion‐Jacobson Hybrid Perovskite toward High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Zhang Xinyuan , Ye Huang , Zhu Tingting , Luo Junhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites based on CsPbBr3 are promising candidates for photodetection. Previous studies have predicted that the photoresponse of such materials with high inorganic‐layer numbers (n) will be more protruding in this portfolio. However, until now, only bilayered (n=2) CsPbBr3‐based DJ‐type hybrid perovskites are obtained and the higher number of layers (n>2) remain completely unexplored, owing to the relatively high formation energies. Here, by incorporating diamine into the 3D CsPbBr3 motif, a new Q‐2D trilayered CsPbBr3‐based DJ‐type hybrid perovskite that contains organic cation and inorganic Cs metal, namely (4‐AMP)Cs2Pb3Br10 (1, 4‐AMP2+=4‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium, n=3), is obtained. Excitingly, 1 exhibits excellent photoresponse, superior to its single‐layered and bilayered counterparts. The resulting photodetectors thus exhibit a large on/off ratio (>103), high photodetectivity (6.5×1010 Jones) and fast response speed (193 μs). As far as we know, 1 is the first Q‐2D CsPbBr3‐based DJ‐type hybrid perovskites with high n numbers. Our results may widen the range of the potential material in application of photodetection and will be helpful to design hybrid perovskites for other advanced optoelectronic devices.
Normalisation of airflow limitation in asthma: Post‐hoc analyses of TRIMARAN and TRIGGER
Authors: Papi Alberto , Singh Dave , Virchow J. Christian , Canonica G. Walter , Vele Andrea , Georges George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn asthma, persistent airflow limitation (PAL) is associated with poorer control, lung function decline and exacerbations. Using post‐hoc analyses we evaluated: the relationship between post‐salbutamol PAL at screening, airflow limitation (AL) during 52 weeks treatment with extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium (BDP/FF/G) versus BDP/FF and the risk of moderate/severe asthma exacerbations.MethodsTRIMARAN and TRIGGER were double‐blind studies comparing BDP/FF/G with BDP/FF (TRIMARAN medium‐dose ICS; TRIGGER high‐dose) in adults with uncontrolled asthma. Patients were subgrouped according to post‐salbutamol PAL status at screening, and AL over the 52‐week treatment period.ResultsMost patients with post‐salbutamol PAL at screening had AL at all on‐treatment visits (TRIMARAN 62.8%; TRIGGER 66.8%). A significantly higher proportion of patients had normalised airflow on ≥1 follow‐up visit when receiving BDP/FF/G than BDP/FF (TRIMARAN 44.1 vs. 33.1% [p = 0.003]; TRIGGER 40.1 vs. 26.0% [p < 0.001]). In patients with post‐salbutamol PAL at screening and normalised AL at ≥1 follow‐up visit, exacerbation rates were 15% (p = 0.105) and 19% (p = 0.039) lower in TRIMARAN and TRIGGER versus those with AL on all visits. There was a trend to lower exacerbation rates in patients receiving BDP/FF/G than BDP/FF, particularly in patients in whom AL was normalised.ConclusionIn these analyses, AL in asthma was associated with an increased exacerbation incidence. Inhaled triple therapy with extrafine BDP/FF/G was more likely to normalise airflow, and was associated with a trend to a lower exacerbation rate than BDP/FF, particularly in the subgroup of patients in whom treatment was associated with airflow normalisation.ClinicalTrials.gov: TRIMARAN, NCT02676076; TRIGGER, NCT02676089.
Lifespan of mature olfactory sensory neurons varies with location in the mouse olfactory epithelium and age of the animal
Authors: Gaun Vera , Martens Jeffrey R. , Schwob James E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of the olfactory epithelium (OE) exhibit a remarkable regenerative capability, which protects the population against environmental insult and enables adjustment to new odors. The lifespan of OSNs is still open to question, with estimates ranging from 1 month to at least 1 year. However, the estimates come with some caveats, including low labeling efficiency and a focus solely on newborn neurons. We revisited the issue via the use of OMP‐tTA; TetO‐Cre; Rosa26‐fl(stop)‐Tdtomato (OMP‐tTA;TdT) mice, which allowed us to selectively label ∼95% of the OMP(+) OSN population that reach maturity by a given time and, by switching to doxycycline chow, to “chase” this preexisting OSN population. Two loading protocols were used: conception to 2 months old and conception to 4.5 months old. Surviving OSNs were common up to 6 months chase time in both groups, but more neurons survived when loading for 4.5 months as compared with 2 months. A spatial difference was evident: higher percentages of OSNs survived in the dorsomedial OE as compared with ventrolateral and in posterior versus anterior OE regions. Finally, proliferation rates anticorrelated with the spatial differences in OSN survival; higher proliferation rates were observed ventrally. Together, these results demonstrate spatial and temporal differences in OSN survival, highlighting it as a dynamic system that can be studied for factors affecting neuronal survival.
Two‐parameter estimation forTobitmodel: An application to national health and nutrition examination survey dataset
Authors: Özbay Nimet , Üstündağ Şiray Gülesen , Toker Selma , Yenilmez İsmail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFixed censorship is usually encountered in medical fields, as well as biological, econometric, and engineering researches. It is quite possible to come across censored data with multicollinearity in real‐life studies. The multicollinearity affects traditional Tobit maximum likelihood estimation, which is often used in presence of censored data. Biased estimators such as Tobit Liu estimator with one biasing parameter can be used for solving the multicollinearity. In this study, Tobit two‐parameter estimator with two biasing parameters is proposed as an alternative to the classical Tobit maximum likelihood and Tobit Liu estimators for the censored data. This new estimator provides advantages from two different aspects thanks to having two biasing parameters. With a simulation study consisting of several scenarios where various levels of factors like the number of independent variables, sample size, correlation degree, variance, and censorship are examined, an in‐depth experimental analysis is conducted. In these scenarios, two different biasing parameters' selection methods where one of the biasing parameters is fixed to determine the other one are used and their corresponding outputs are obtained. In addition, a real‐life application is carried out with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public‐use dataset which includes some demographic and health‐related laboratory measurements. The simulation study and data analysis results show that the proposed estimator is more advantageous to its competitors.
Experimental Protocols and Analytical Procedures for Studying Synaptic Transmission in Rodent Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn
Authors: Bardoni Rita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSynaptic modulation and plasticity are key mechanisms underlying pain transmission in the spinal cord and supra‐spinal centers. The study and understanding of these phenomena are fundamental to investigating both acute nociception and maladaptive changes occurring in chronic pain. This article describes experimental protocols and analytical methods utilized in electrophysiological studies to investigate synaptic modulation and plasticity at the first station of somatosensory processing, the spinal cord dorsal horn. Protocols useful for characterizing the nature of synaptic inputs, the site of modulation (pre‐ versus postsynaptic), and the presence of short‐term synaptic plasticity are presented. These methods can be employed to study the physiology of acute nociception, the pathological mechanisms of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the pharmacology of receptors and channels involved in pain transmission. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Spinal cord dissection and acute slice preparationBasic Protocol 2: Stimulation of the dorsal root and extracellular recording (compound action potentials and field potentials)Basic Protocol 3: Patch‐clamp recording from dorsal horn neurons: action potential firing patterns and evoked synaptic inputsBasic Protocol 4: Analysis of parameters responsible for changes in synaptic efficacyBasic Protocol 5: Recording and analysis of currents mediated by astrocytic glutamate