bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$\nu $$-Improved nonparallel support vector machine
Authors: Sun Fengmin , Lian Shujun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a $$\nu $$
ν
-improved nonparallel support vector machine ($$\nu $$
ν
-IMNPSVM) is proposed to solve binary classification problems. In this model, we use related ideas of $$\nu $$
ν
-support vector machine($$\nu $$
ν
-SVM), the parameter $$\nu $$
ν
is introduced to control the limits of the support vectors percentage. In the objective function, the parameter $$\varepsilon $$
ε
is increased to ensure that $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-band is kept as small as possible. It has played a great role in the classification of unbalanced data sets. On the basis of maximizing the interval between two classes, $$\nu $$
ν
-IMNPSVM can fully fit the distribution of data points in the class by minimizing the $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-band, which enhances the generalization ability of the model. The results on the benchmark datasets testify that the proposed model has a good effect on the classification accuracy.
Safety monitoring method of moving target in underground coal mine based on computer vision processing
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zhou Zhiqing , Geng Zexun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoal is one of the main energy sources in China. The country attaches great importance to the development of coal mining industry, and coal production is on the rise. At the same time, mine safety accidents are becoming more and more frequent, and the country is paying more and more attention to mine safety accidents. The underground environment of coal mine is complex, noisy and uneven, and there will be problems such as occlusion and high false detection rate during video monitoring. In order to ensure the safety of underground personnel, moving target detection and tracking based on video monitoring information is of great significance for coal mine safety production. The purpose of this paper is to study how to analyze and study the monitoring of moving targets in coal mines based on computer vision processing, and describe the image processing methods. This paper puts forward the problem of target monitoring, which is based on image processing, and then elaborates on the concept of image enhancement and related algorithms. From the average gradient, the algorithm in this paper is 56.60% higher than the histogram equalization algorithm, and 68.26% higher than the dark primary color prior dehazing algorithm. and designs and analyzes cases of image enhancement in coal mines. The experimental results show that the information entropy of the algorithm in this paper is 31.10% higher than that of the dark primary color prior dehazing algorithm, and 18.72% higher than that of the histogram equalization algorithm. It can be seen that the algorithm in this paper can achieve better enhancement effect.
Mechanical properties, degree of sclerotisation and elemental composition of the gastric mill in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda, Crustacea)
Authors: Krings Wencke , Brütt Jan-Ole , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gastric mill of Decapoda is a unique feature, which comprises teeth, stabilizing ossicles, and particle sorting setae. Involved in the fragmentation and sorting of the food, this structure serves as interface between the organism and its environment. As material properties complement morphology and hold information about function and trophic preferences, we here provide a basis for more comparative research on gastric mills. For gastric mill components of the adult red swamp crayfishProcambarus clarkii, we studied (a) the micro-structure via scanning electron microscopy, (b) the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (c) the heterogeneities in material properties and degree of tanning (autofluorescence) by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and (d) the mechanical properties hardness and elasticity by nanoindentation technique. The morphology and micro-structure were previously described for this species, but the mechanical properties and the autofluorescence were not studied before. As epicuticle and exocuticle could be analyzed individually, material property gradients, with values decreasing from the interacting surface towards interior, could be determined. Finally, we were able to relate the mechanical property data with the elemental composition and the degree of tanning. We found that the epicuticle of the teeth is among the hardest and stiffest biological materials in invertebrates due to the incorporations of high proportions of silicon.
A remaining useful life prediction method based on PSR-former
Authors: Zhang Huang , Zhang Shuyou , Qiu Lemiao , Zhang Yiming , Wang Yang , Wang Zili , Yang Gaopeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe non-linear and non-stationary vibration data generated by rotating machines can be used to analyze various fault conditions for predicting the remaining useful life(RUL). It offers great help to make prognostic and health management(PHM) develop. However, the complexity of the mechanical working environment makes the vibration data collected easily affected, so it is hard to form an appropriate health index(HI) to predict the RUL. In this paper, a PSR-former model is proposed including a Phase space reconstruction(PSR) layer and a Transformer layer. The PSR layer is utilized as an embedding to deepen the understanding of vibration data after feature fusion. In the Transformer layer, an attention mechanism is adopted to give different assignments, and a layer-hopping connection is used to accelerate the convergence and make the structure more stable. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through the Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) bearing dataset. Through analysis, the prediction accuracy is judged by the parameter RMSE which is 1.0311. Some state-of-art methods such as LSTM, GRU, and CNN were also analyzed on the same dataset to compare. The result indicates that the proposed method can effectively establish a precise model for RUL predictions.
Intracranial direct electrical mapping reveals the functional architecture of the human basal ganglia
Authors: Qi Lei , Xu Cuiping , Wang Xueyuan , Du Jialin , He Quansheng , Wu Di , Wang Xiaopeng , Jin Guangyuan , Wang Qiao , Chen Jia , Wang Di , Zhang Huaqiang , Zhang Xiaohua , Wei Penghu , Shan Yongzhi , Cui Zaixu , Wang Yuping , Shu Yousheng , Zhao Guoguang , Yu Tao , Ren Liankun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe basal ganglia play a key role in integrating a variety of human behaviors through the cortico–basal ganglia–thalamo–cortical loops. Accordingly, basal ganglia disturbances are implicated in a broad range of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite accumulating knowledge of the basal ganglia functional organization, the neural substrates and circuitry subserving functions have not been directly mapped in humans. By direct electrical stimulation of distinct basal ganglia regions in 35 refractory epilepsy patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography recordings, we here offer currently the most complete overview of basal ganglia functional characterization, extending not only to the expected sensorimotor responses, but also to vestibular sensations, autonomic responses, cognitive and multimodal effects. Specifically, some locations identified responses weren’t predicted by the model derived from large-scale meta-analyses. Our work may mark an important step toward understanding the functional architecture of the human basal ganglia and provide mechanistic explanations of non-motor symptoms in brain circuit disorders.
Fox and cat responses to fox baiting intensity, rainfall and prey abundance in the Upper Warren, Western Australia
Authors: Geary William L. , Wayne Adrian F. , Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Ritchie Euan G. , Maxwell Marika A. , Doherty Tim S. 
Published: October 2022

Context Invasive predators are major drivers of global biodiversity loss. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) have contributed to the decline and extinction of many native species in Australia. The deployment of poison baits to control fox populations is a widespread conservation tool, but the effects of baiting intensity, rainfall and prey abundance on baiting effectiveness remain poorly understood. Aims We aimed to understand what influences the association between fox baiting intensity, red fox activity and feral cat activity, to provide inferences about what might affect the effectiveness of fox baiting in reducing fox activity. Methods We used generalised linear models to assess how fox and cat activity changes in relation to fox baiting intensity, rainfall, native prey availability and distance to agricultural land over a 6-year period (2006–13) in the forest ecosystems of the Upper Warren region of south-western Australia. Key results We found that fox activity was negatively associated with rainfall in the previous 12 months and positively associated with prey abundance and fox baiting intensity. We also found an interaction between fox baiting and prey abundance, with fox activity increasing with prey activity in areas of low and moderate baiting intensity, but remaining constant in areas of high baiting intensity. Feral cat activity was positively associated with prey abundance and fox baiting intensity. We found no clear relationship between fox and cat activity. Conclusions The drivers of the association between fox baiting and fox activity are unclear because intense fox baiting was targeted at areas of known high fox abundance. However, our results indicate that intense fox baiting may be effective at decoupling the positive association between fox activity and prey abundance. Our results also suggest a positive association between fox baiting intensity and feral cat activity, thus supporting the case for integrated fox and cat management. Implications We caution interpretation of our results, but note that management of invasive predators could be improved by adjusting the intensity of management in response to changes in environmental conditions and local context (e.g. strategically conducting intense predator management where prey abundance is highest). Improved understanding of these associations requires a monitoring program with sufficient replication and statistical power to detect any treatment effects.
Development of a novel high-performance readout circuit for α and β energy spectrum measurement
Authors: Hu Chuanhao , Li Chengyang , Deng Miao , Wang Nan , Zeng Guoqiang , Gu Min , Yang Xiaofeng , Yang Jian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A novel high-performance readout circuit with multi-Junction
field-effect transistors (Multi-JFETs) and high-speed integrated
operational amplifiers as the core was designed. By coupling the
circuit to a large area passivated ion injection planar silicon
(PIPS) detector, excellent α and β energy spectrum can
be obtained. Therefore, it can be applied to radon monitor,
radioactive aerosol monitor and other equipment to achieve high
precision information on radioactive substances in the
environment. The input stage of the circuit adopts the parallel
structure of JFETs to achieve the matching between the amplifier
circuit with the detector junction capacitance. The bias circuit
adopts JFETs to form a constant current source while using the
gate-source self-biased parallel structure to obtain large
transconductance gain and good amplification linearity. The main
amplifier circuit adopts a high-speed and low-noise operational
amplifier with the advantages of high open-loop gain and stable
quiescent point. The performance of this readout circuit was tested,
in which the rise time of the signal is 35 ns, the sensitivity of
charge-voltage conversion is better than 0.979 mV/fC when the input
capacitance is less than 100 pF, and the equivalent noise charge is
1.55 fC, noise slope is 0.00366 fC/pF. By coupling the readout
circuit to a PIPS detector with a sensitive area of 450 mm2,
the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is 116:1 for the
241Am alpha source and 20:1 for the 90Sr-90Y beta
particles. The energy spectrum measurement of the 238Pu source
was performed, providing FWHM is 16.90 keV@5499 keV.
Testbeam results of the Picosecond Avalanche Detector proof-of-concept prototype
Authors: Iacobucci G. , Zambito S. , Milanesio M. , Moretti T. , Saidi J. , Paolozzi L. , Munker M. , Cardella R. , Martinelli F. , Picardi A. , Rücker H. , Trusch A. , Valerio P. , Cadoux F. , Cardarelli R. , Débieux S. , Favre Y. , Fenoglio C.A. , Ferrere D. , Gonzalez-Sevilla S. , Gurimskaya Y. , Kotitsa R. , Magliocca C. , Nessi M. , Pizarro-Medina A. , Sabater Iglesias J. , Vicente Barreto Pinto M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The proof-of-concept prototype of the Picosecond Avalanche
Detector, a multi-PN junction monolithic silicon detector with
continuous gain layer deep in the sensor depleted region, was tested
with a beam of 180 GeV pions at the CERN SPS. The prototype
features low noise and fast SiGe BiCMOS frontend electronics and
hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch. At a sensor bias voltage
of 125 V, the detector provides full efficiency and average time
resolution of 30, 25 and 17 ps in the overall pixel area for a
power consumption of 0.4, 0.9 and 2.7 W/cm2, respectively. In
this first prototype the time resolution depends significantly on
the distance from the center of the pixel, varying at the highest
power consumption measured between 13 ps at the center of the pixel
and 25 ps in the inter-pixel region.
The clinical heterogeneity of subjective cognitive decline: a data-driven approach on a population-based sample
Authors: Ribaldi Federica , Rolandi Elena , Vaccaro Roberta , Colombo Mauro , Battista Frisoni Giovanni , Guaita Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundsubjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to the subjective experience of cognitive decline in the absence of detectable cognitive impairment. SCD has been largely studied as a risk condition for cognitive decline. Empirical observations suggest that persons with SCD are heterogeneous, including individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease and others with psychological vulnerabilities and/or physical comorbidity. The semiology of SCD is still in its infancy, and the features predicting cognitive decline are poorly defined. The present study aims to identify subgroups of SCD using a data-driven approach and study their clinical evolution across 8 years.Methodsthe study population is the InveCe.Ab population-based cohort, including cognitively unimpaired people aged 70–74 years and followed for 8 years. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out to identify distinct SCD subgroups based on nine clinical and cognitive features. Longitudinal changes by baseline SCD status were estimated using linear mixed models for cognitive decline and Cox proportional-hazard model for all-cause dementia risk.Resultsout of 956 individuals, 513 were female (54%); and the mean age was 72.1 (SD = 1.3), education was 7.2 (3.3), and 370 (39%) reported cognitive complaints (SCD). The HCA resulted in two clusters (SCD1 and SCD2). SCD2 were less educated and had more comorbidities, cardiovascular risk and depressive symptoms than SCD1 and controls. SCD2 presented steeper cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination; β = −0.31) and increased all-cause dementia risk (hazard-ratio = 3.4).Conclusionsat the population level, basic clinical information can differentiate individuals with SCD at higher risk of developing dementia, underlining the heterogeneous nature of this population even in a sample selected for a narrow age range, in a specific geographic area.
19 COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF ALTEPLASE VERSUS TENECTEPLASE FOR ISCHAEMIC STROKE IN A SINGLE CENTRE TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Kitt K , Noone I , Cassidy T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Stroke thombolysis has been a proven effective treatment for acute stroke since 1995. Since then Alteplase has been the standard thrombolytic agent used in the hyperacute stroke patient, the dose being decided by body weight (0.9mg/kg). 10% of the dose is given as a bolus, and the remaining 90% given as an infusion. As the dose is weight based, more than one vial of Alteplase can be required.
Tenecteplase is a more recent thrombolytic agent, and the 2017 large multi-centre randomised control trial NOR-TEST 2 indicated that Tenecteplase is similarly effective compared to Alteplase. Tenecteplase is given entirely as a bolus dose, with a maximum dose of 40mg administered, equivalent to one vial. A single of vial of Alteplase (Actilyse) costs €536, and a single vial of Tenecteplase (Metalyse) costs €986. Our study was set up to compare potential costs of the two treatments based on our patient cohort.

Methods
We retrospectively looked at patients given Alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in our institution in the year 2019 (n=29). We recorded the weight of the patient, and the number of vials used to administer the appropriate dose of Alteplase. We calculated the cost of the number of vials of Alteplase used over the year, and compared that to the cost of Tenectaplase, if that were to be used instead.

Results
Over the course of the calendar year, 29 patients received Alteplase. All 29 patients had a requirement for two vials of Alteplase based on their admission weight, at a total cost of €31,088 over the year 2019. The cost of Tenectaplase for the same patient cohort would have been €28,594, with a potential cost saving of €2,494.

Conclusion
Based on our acute ischaemic stroke patient cohort for the year 2019, there is a potential cost saving benefit in a move towards using Tenecteplase instead of Alteplase.
44 CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE DYSPHAGIA PREVALENCE AND PRACTICES IN RESIDENTIAL LONG-TERM CARE SETTINGS SURVEY
Authors: Artiles CE , Regan J , Donnellan C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Dysphagia is common in older adults living in Residential Long-Term Care (RLTC) settings, requiring timely diagnosis and appropriate management to avoid potential complications and improve quality of life. Current dysphagia prevalence rates, screening and management practices in RLTC settings in the Republic of Ireland are not known.

Methods
An online survey was developed, consisting of 40 questions to determine dysphagia prevalence rates and associated nursing practices in screening and managing dysphagia in RLTC settings. An expert panel was formed with individuals having clinical experience in swallow screening and dysphagia management in older adults. We calculated Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and modified Kappa statistic (k), to adjust for chance agreement, for all 40 items in terms of representativeness and clarity. A survey item is considered relevant where I-CVI≥0.78, between 0.70 and 0.77 requires revision, and below 0.70, is eliminated. For k values, agreement levels are considered as low (k=&lt; 0.40), fair (k=0.40–0.59), good (k=0.60–0.74) and high (k=≥ 0.75).

Results
The expert panel consisted of three nurse managers, two nurse specialists and three senior speech and language therapists with postgraduate qualifications, up to three years of experience in dysphagia related research and three to thirty-six years of clinical practice. For clarity, all items scored I-CVI≥0.78 and k=≥0.75 except four items, for which I-CVI=0.75 and k=0.72. For representativeness, only one item had an I-CVI=0.75 and k=0.72, with all other scoring I-CVI≥0.78 and k=≥ 0.75.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that the DPP-RLTCS has high content validity in terms of clarity and representativeness even after adjusting for chance agreement.
66 GRIP STRENGTH, ONLY A PHYSICAL TASK? ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RESTING-STATE BRAIN CONNECTIVITY AND GRIP STRENGTH
Authors: Davis JRC , Boyle R , Knight SP , Romero-Ortuño R , Zúñiga RG 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Grip strength (GS) is a simple measure used in the assessment of frailty and sarcopenia. Despite being physical, studies show that it is also related with depression and cognition. Our aim was to explore if brain connectivity is implicated in GS.

Methods
Participants from Wave 3 of TILDA with adequate resting-state functional-MRI data were included. Connectome-based predictive modelling was used on Shen parcellated brain connectivity matrices to find connections that are positively and negatively associated with grip strength: positive and negative networks (PN and NN). On each iteration of a randomized 10-fold cross-validation, the training folds were utilized to perform partial Spearman correlations (age-, sex-adjusted) between each connection and GS. Significant (p&lt;0.001) connections were selected. PN and NN strengths were computed by summing across all significant correlations. Linear models regressing GS on network strengths were built on training data and used to predict GS in the test fold. After 10 folds were complete the performance was measured via Pearson R between predicted and true GS values. This 10-fold process was repeated 1000 times and a mean R obtained. Permutation significance testing was employed where the cross-validation procedure was repeated 1000 times, with GS randomly shuffled each time. The P-value was the proportion of permuted R values &gt;= the mean R.

Results
317 participants were included (mean(SD) age 67.3(7.2) and 49.8% female). For PN: R[95% intervals]=0.29[0.26, 0.32], P&lt;0.001 and for NN: R=0.24[0.20, 0.28], P&lt;0.001. In both, the default mode, dorsal attention, and cerebellum networks were highly involved but with differing patterns: most notable was the presence of high connectivity between both cerebellar hemispheres in the PN but not in the NN.

Conclusion
Grip strength is related with different brain connectivity patterns suggesting the involvement of networks beyond motor areas. Further studies are required to disentangle the neuroscience behind this clinically relevant physio-cognitive task.
79 EXPERIENCES OF DIRECTORS OF NURSING IN RESIDENTIAL CARE OF OLDER PEOPLE DURING COVID 19
Authors: Phelan A , Louise D , Alice C , Kent S , Naughton C , Tuohy D , Ryan A , Byrne M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 was a global public health crisis and deaths in the over 65 age group represented a disproportionate number of deaths in older people. In particular, nursing homes experienced clusters of infection and high mortality rates. This paper discusses experiences of care homes’ Directors of Nursing/Persons in Charge (DoN) in their preparedness, management and control of care during COVID-19.

Methods
A mixed methods approach was used (survey- n=122) and semi-structured interviews (n=20) were conducted with DoNs in private and voluntary older person care homes in the Republic of Ireland. Survey data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interviews were analysed using Braun & Clarke's thematic analysis.

Results
DoNs demonstrated an initial challenge in protecting residents from infection and also managing infection outbreak. However, over time they experienced more effectiveness in managing infection prevention and control as demanded at the level of a pandemic. Fifty percent of respondents experienced an infection outbreak and the data does not demonstrate any significant difference in preparedness and management in care homes which had outbreaks and those who had no outbreaks. Other challenges were related to financial sustainability of their facility while 47% of DoNs were either actively seeking other work, or thinking of leaving their post. In the interviews, the DoNs spoke of persistent concerns with the well-being of the staff and residents and a constant worry about meeting regulatory requirements and ensuring adequate staff cover for residents care needs. Moreover, the DoNs spoke of the difficulties when the media sensationalized poor care leading to a reduction of public confidence in the sector.

Conclusion
The DoNs were under constant alert and although had acclimatized to high level of infection control and prevention and managing emerging issues, the strain of the pandemic remained evident. Recommendations are given related to care homes and related to system level management for future public health crisis.