bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of vegetation water dynamics on the ASCAT backscatter–incidence angle relationship in the Amazon
Authors: Petchiappan Ashwini , Steele-Dunne Susan C. , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Hahn Sebastian , Wagner Wolfgang , Oliveira Rafael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Microwave observations are sensitive to plant water content and could therefore provide essential information on biomass and plant water status in ecological and agricultural applications. The combined data record of the C-band scatterometers on the European Remote-Sensing Satellites (ERS)-1/2, the Metop (Meteorological Operational satellite)
series, and the planned Metop Second Generation satellites will span over 40 years, which would provide a long-term perspective on the role of vegetation in the climate system. Recent research has indicated that the unique viewing geometry of the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) could be exploited to observe vegetation water dynamics. The incidence angle dependence of backscatter can be described with a second order polynomial, the slope and curvature of which are related to vegetation. In a study limited to grasslands, seasonal cycles, spatial patterns, and interannual variability in the slope and curvature were found to vary among grassland types and were attributed to differences in moisture availability, growing season length and phenological changes. To exploit ASCAT slope and curvature for global vegetation monitoring, their dynamics over a wider range of vegetation types needs to be quantified and explained in terms of vegetation water dynamics. Here, we compare ASCAT data with meteorological data and GRACE equivalent water thickness (EWT) to explain the dynamics of ASCAT backscatter, slope, and curvature in terms of moisture availability and demand. We consider differences in the seasonal cycle, diurnal differences, and the response to the 2010 and 2015 droughts across ecoregions in the Amazon basin and surroundings. Results show that spatial and temporal patterns in backscatter reflect moisture availability indicated by GRACE EWT. Slope and curvature dynamics vary considerably among the ecoregions. The evergreen forests, often used as a calibration target, exhibit very stable behavior, even under drought conditions. The limited seasonal variation follows changes in the radiation cycle and may indicate phenological changes such as litterfall. In contrast, the diversity of land cover types within the Cerrado region results in considerable heterogeneity in terms of the seasonal cycle and the influence of drought on both slope and curvature. Seasonal flooding in forest and savanna areas also produced a distinctive signature in terms of the backscatter as a function of incidence angle. This improved understanding of the incidence angle behavior of backscatter increases our ability to interpret and make optimal use of the ASCAT data record and vegetation optical depth products for vegetation monitoring.
A Cottage Of One’s Own: Making Modern Women Through Word and Image in Interwar Women’s Homemaking Magazines
Authors: Hackney Fiona , Bigham Julia 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A home with all modern conveniences became a reality for an increasing number of people, including aspirational lower middle- and working-class families, in the interwar years. Magazines such as Modern Home and Weldon’s Ladies’ Journal helped forge a burgeoning home consumer culture and were an important factor shaping dreams of home ownership. This article examines the ideal modern home—its pleasures, discontents, and potential meaning for women—as it was constructed in and disseminated through domestic women’s magazines. Conceptualizing periodicals as hybrid, composite texts, it argues that the multiple ways in which they framed, positioned, and reproduced word and image set up tensions and connections, opening a space for more diverse readers to engage with magazines in new ways. The metaphor of the magazine as both a “window” and “mirror” helps show how editors strove to balance appealing visions of modern living with advice that reflected readers’ real circumstances. A focus on the dominant ideal of the modern cottage/suburban home helps unpack the complex relationship between rural and modern, the past and the present, conventional femininity and modern womanhood, and private and national life that operated in the pages of these popular magazines.
Oh, the Humanity: Deflating a Humean Concept
Authors: Szymkowiak Aaron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe concept of “humanity” is integral to David Hume's Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, but barely appears in his earlier Treatise. Many consider the later “humanity” theory superior, permitting a more “extensive” sympathy not limited by proximate associations. This paper argues for Hume's consistency on humanity by surveying The History of England. Hume's History discussions lend support to the associative, and thus limited, Treatise conception. Humanity is opposed to religious enthusiasm; its positive effects are local and particular. Moreover, Hume's historiography involves a hesitation on the content of “humane” judgments, which cannot fulfill the cosmopolitan function envisioned by many present-day interpreters.
SIÊU ÂM ĐÀN HỒI TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN UNG THƯ TUYẾN TIỀN LIỆT: ĐÁNH GIÁ BƯỚC ĐẦU QUA 101 TRƯỜNG HỢP
Authors: Nguyễn Minh Thiền , Nguyễn Tuấn Khuê , Phạm Thế Anh , Phan Thanh Hải , Nguyen Tuấn Vinh 
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu của siêu âm đàn hồi và siêu âm B- mode qua ngã trực tràng trong việc xác định ung thư tuyến tiền liệt.Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Chúng tôi chọn 101 bệnh nhân đến sinh thiết tiền liệt tuyến tại Medic từ 20/6/2015 đến 10/9/2015 có PSA>4ng/ml. Qua TRUS B-mode có tổn thương echo bất thường đi kèm (echo kém, echo dầy) sau đó kết hợp với siêu âm đàn hồi đánh giá tổn thương.Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm.Kết quả: So sánh giữa khám trực tràng bằng tay, siêu âm B-mode, siêu âm đàn hồi căng mô và kết quả giải phẫu bệnh (bảng) về độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu, giá trị tiên đoán dương (PPV), giá trị tiên đoán âm (NPV).Bảng. So sánh giữa 3 phương pháp: B-mode, siêu âm đàn hồi và khám trực tràng bằng tay. Độ nhạy (%) Độ đặc hiệu (%) PPV (%) NPV (%)B-mode 88.5 55.1 67.6 81.8Strain-elasto 94.2 65.3 74.2 91.4DRE 69.2 98 98 75Kết luận: Siêu âm đàn hồi cung cấp thêm thông tin cho phát hiện ung thư tuyến tiền liệt và hướng dẫn sinh thiết. Siêu âm đàn hồi có độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu cao hơn siêu âm B-mode
KHẢO SÁT HÌNH THÁI MẠCH MÁU GAN VÀ CÁC BIẾN THỂ GIẢI PHẪU BẰNG HÌNH CHỤP X QUANG CẮT LỚP VI TÍNH
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thiên , Phạm Đăng Diệu , Phạm Ngọc Hoa , Võ Tấn Đức , Cao Trọng Văn 
Published: June 2022

TÓM TẮTMục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định tần suất dạng giải phẫu thường gặp và các dạng biến thể của hệ động mạch gan (ĐMG), hệ tĩnh mạch cửa (TMC) và hệ tĩnh mạch gan (TMG) trên x quang cắt lớp vi tính (XQCLVT). Bên cạnh đó, chúng tôi cũng tìm mối tương quan giữa các dạng biến thể mạch máu gan.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu, cắt ngang mô tả. Dân số chọn mẫu bao gồm các bệnh nhân đến khám bệnh tại bệnh viện Đại học Y Dược (BV ĐHYD) tpHCM, được chụp XQCLVT vùng bụng có tiêm thuốc tương phản thỏa tiêu chuẩn chọn mẫu. Từ hình chụp XQCLVT lưu trên hệ thống PACS của bệnh viện, sử dụng các phần mềm xử lý hình ảnh để dựng hình hệ ĐMG, TMC và TMG nhằm xác định tỉ lệ các dạng biến thể giải phẫu của hệ mạch máu ganKết quả: Từ tháng 08/2017 đến tháng 08/2018 tại BV ĐHYD TpHCM, 611 trường hợp bệnh nhân (BN) được đưa vào mẫu nghiên cứu. Kết quả ở hệ ĐMG tìm thấy 92,3% trường hợp ĐMG có nguyên ủy từ động mạch thân tạng, xác định được 9 trong 10 dạng giải phẫu theo phân loại Michels trong đó dạng giải phẫu phổ biến nhất (dạng 1) chiếm tỉ lệ 73,6%, ngoài ra ghi nhận thêm 5 nhóm biến thể giải phẫu nằm ngoài bảng phân loại Michels (chiếm 3,1%). Đối với hệ TMC tính được tỉ lệ nhóm giải phẫu bình thường là 84,1%, tìm thấy đủ 4 nhóm biến thể theo mô tả các nghiên cứu trước 1,2 với tỉ lệ lần lượt theo thứ tự từ nhóm 2 tới nhóm 5 là 11,3%, 1,2%, 1,6% và 1,8%. Khảo sát hệ TMG ghi nhận 58,6% đối tượng nghiên cứu có thân chung của TMG trái và TMG giữa, cũng xác định được 45,5% các trường hợp có từ một tới nhiều nhánh TMG phải phụ đổ trực tiếp vào tĩnh mạch chủ dưới. Chúng tôi không tìm thấy mối tương quan giữa các dạng biến thể của mạch máu gan.Kết luận: Giải phẫu mạch máu gan đóng vai trò quan trọng trong các phẫu thuật cắt gan, cắt khối tá tụy và ghép gan. Do tần suất các biến thể của mạch máu gan khá cao, kiến thức về giải phẫu là rất cần thiết đối với các phẫu thuật viên cũng như các bác sĩ chẩn đoán hình ảnh.
NỒNG ĐỘ VITAMIN B12 TRONG HUYẾT THANH BỆNH NHÂN MÀY ĐAY MẠN TÍNH TỰ PHÁ
Authors: Lê Thái Vân Thanh , Văn Đặng Hữu Đức 
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần và vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holotranscobalamin – holoTC) trong huyết thanh của bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát tại khu vực TP.Hồ Chí Minh.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 01/2020 đến tháng 06/2020 bằng phương pháp mô tả, cắt ngang có so sánh với nhóm đối chứng. Tổng số có 56 mẫu máu được thu thập từ 45 bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát và 11 người khỏe mạnh được định lượng nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần và vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động bằng phương pháp miễn dịch điện hóa phát quang (ECLIA), sử dụng thang điểm UAS4 để đánh giá hoạt độ bệnh trong 4 ngày liên tiếp
Kết quả: Nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần trong nhóm bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát là 478,4 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 404 - 579,7) và nhóm người khỏe mạnh là 719,7 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 615,9 - 815,4). Nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC), trong nhóm bệnh nhân mày đay mạn tính tự phát và nhóm người khỏe mạnh lần lượt là 83,8 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 64,1 - 156) và 155,3 pmol/L (khoảng tứ phân vị 105,1 - 187). Có mối tương quan âm, mức độ mạnh giữa nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC) và các nhóm điểm hoạt độ mày đay UAS4 (hệ số tương quan Spearman -0,58, p<0,001).
Kết luận: Nồng độ vitamin B12 toàn phần và nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC) đều thấp hơn so với nhóm người khỏe mạnh. Đặc biệt, có mối tương quan âm, mức độ mạnh giữa nồng độ vitamin B12 dạng hoạt động (holoTC) và điểm hoạt độ mày đay.
Are all thermometers equal? A study of three infrared thermometers to detect fever in an African outpatient clinic
Authors: Ravi Nirmal , Vithyananthan Mathura , Saidu Aisha 
Published: June 2022

Infrared thermometry has certain advantages over traditional oral thermometry including quick, non-invasive administration and an absence of required consumables. This study compared the performance of tympanic, temporal artery and forehead contactless thermometers with traditional oral electronic thermometer as the reference in measuring temperature in outpatients in a Nigerian secondary care hospital. A convenience sample of 100 male and 100 female adult patients (Mean age = 38.46 years, SD = 16.33 years) were recruited from a secondary care hospital in Kano, Nigeria. Temperature measurements were taken from each patient using the tympanic, temporal artery and contactless thermometers and oral electronic thermometer. Data was analyzed to assess bias and limits using scatterplots and Bland-Altman charts while sensitivity analysis was done using ROC curves. The tympanic and temporal artery thermometers systematically gave higher temperature readings compared to the oral electronic thermometer. The contactless thermometer gave lower readings compared to the oral electronic thermometer. The temporal artery thermometer had the highest sensitivity (88%) and specificity (88%) among the three infrared thermometers. The contactless thermometer showed a low sensitivity of 13% to detect fever greater than 38 °C. Our study shows that replacing oral thermometers with infrared thermometers must be done with caution despite the associated convenience and cost savings.
Morphological and Anti-microbial Study of Whey Protein Concentrate Prepared by Dehydrating Milk Serum
Authors: Saurab Pal , Mishra Sunita 
Published: June 2022

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) are an group of whey (Milk serum) based food ingredient. They are used in confectionary product, ready to eat cereals, nutritional bars, and sports beverages.
Aim: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and antimicrobial study of whey protein concentrate after extraction from milk serum.
Methods: Proximate analysis was done for the determination of protein, ash, fat, and moisture content in whey protein concentrate. Morphological study was done using X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD) and scanning electron microscope. The antimicrobial property of whey protein concentrate was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method.
Results: Proximate analysis reveals whey protein concentrates, protein (42%), Fat (4.40), ash (10.37), and moisture (4.27). The whey protein concentrate antimicrobial property also particularly effective against S. aureus (Gram Positive), E. coli (gram negative). SEM and X-RD results reveal micro structure and nature of the compound.
Preparative Purification of a Recombinant Protein by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography: Modulation of Selectivity by the Use of Chaotropic Additives
Authors: Shukla Abhinav A. , Peterson Joshua , Sorge Laura , Lewis Patsy , Thomas Shannon , Waugh Steve 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDevelopment and implementation of a chaotropic wash step following protein loading on a hydrophobic interaction chromatographic (HIC) column is described for the purification of a recombinant protein. Various agents that reduce protein affinity in hydrophobic interaction chromatographic systems were screened for their utility in a wash step following protein loading on a Phenyl Fast Flow Sepharose HIC column. A combination of sodium thiocyanate, glycerol, and urea was selected as a suitable additive for the wash buffer that selectively eluted most of the major impurities present in the feed stream. Eluate purity, as monitored by reversed‐phase chromatography and SDS‐PAGE, was significantly increased by incorporation of this wash step in the purification process. Incorporation of this wash step on HIC enabled a reduction in the overall number of chromatographic steps in the downstream purification process for this recombinant protein, resulting in improved process yields and significant economic advantages.The effect of varying concentrations of each of the three wash additives on yield was studied. While the step yield decreased with an increase in concentration for urea and sodium thiocyanate, an optimum was observed with respect to glycerol concentration. The preferential interaction theory is employed to explain this effect.
Effect of Additives on Refolding of a Denatured Protein
Authors: Yasuda Masahiro , Murakami Yumi , Sowa Ayumu , Ogino Hiroyasu , Ishikawa Haruo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDenatured lysozyme was refolded by a dilution method. The refolding yield depended greatly on the lysozyme concentration in the refolding mixture. When the concentration of denatured lysozyme was 0.02 g/L, the refolding yield was as high as 60%. However, when the concentration of denatured lysozyme was 0.2 g/L, the refolding yield was as low as 10% due to the formation of aggregates. To prevent the formation of aggregates and to increase the refolding yield at a low cost, inexpensive additives were screened. The addition of acetone, acetoamide, or urea derivatives was very effective for improving the refolding yield. To clarify why the addition of acetoamide in the refolding mixture improved the refolding yield at the high lysozyme concentration, the time courses of the concentration and the average diameter of the aggregates in the refolding mixture were monitored by the dynamic light scattering method. The experimental results showed that acetoamide played a role in preventing the formation and growth of aggregates and secondary aggregation between the lysozyme aggregates.
Production of Amylases from Rice by Solid‐State Fermentation in a Gas−Solid Spouted‐Bed Bioreactor
Authors: Silva Ellen M. , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA gas−solid spouted‐bed bioreactor was developed to produce amylases from rice in solid‐state fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae. The spouted‐bed bioreactor was developed to overcome many of the problems inherent to large‐scale solid‐state fermentation, including mass‐ and heat‐transfer limitations in the conventional tray reactors and solids‐handling difficulties seen in packed‐bed bioreactors. The solid‐state fermentation results from the tray‐type reactor with surface aeration were poor because of mass‐ and heat‐transfer problems. A packed‐bed bioreactor with continuous aeration through the rice bed produced high protein and enzymes, but the fermented rice was difficult to remove and process due to the formation of large chunks of rice aggregates knitted together with fungal mycelia. Also, the fermentation was not uniform in the packed bed. The spouted‐bed bioreactor with intermittent spouting with air achieved high production levels in both total protein and enzymes (α‐amylase, β‐amylase, and glucoamylase) that were comparable to those found in the packed‐bed bioreactor, but without the nonuniformity and solids‐handling problems. However, continual spouting was found to be detrimental to this solid‐state fermentation, possibly because of shear or impact damage to fungal mycelia during spouting. Increasing spouting frequency from 4‐h intervals to 1‐h intervals decreased protein and enzyme production. Other operating conditions critical to the fermentation include proper humidification to prevent drying of the substrate and control of reactor wall temperature to prevent excessive condensation, which would interfere with proper spouting.
Comparison of In Vitro Maturation, In Vitro Fertilization, Metabolism and Ultrastructure of Oocytes from Prepubertal and Adult Pigs
Authors: O'Brien JK , Dwarte D , Ryan JP , Maxwell WMC , Evans G 
Published: July 2002

Contents In vitro maturation and fertilization, metabolism and ultrastructure were examined for oocytes from prepubertal and adult pigs. The proportion of oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation was lower for oocytes derived from prepubertal (piglets aged 8–10 weeks; 59.8% and gilts aged 5–6 months; 79.2%) than for those from adult ( ows aged 4–6 years; 92.2%) pigs (p < 0.05). A higher proportion of oocytes from piglets (22.8%) degenerated during in vitro maturation than from gilts (4.8%) and adult pigs (4.7%; p < 0.05). There was an increased incidence of polyspermic fertilization in prepubertal (piglet; 52.2%, gilt; 23.8%) compared with adult (7.1%) oocytes (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the metabolism of glucose, glutamine or pyruvate between oocytes from prepubertal and adult pigs. The metabolism of glutamine by prepubertal and adult oocytes matured in vitro was significantly higher than that by prepubertal oocytes matured in vivo (p < 0.05). Oocyte size and ultrastructure was also similar for oocytes from prepubertal and adult pigs. These data show that prepubertal and adult pig oocytes have a different in vitro developmental capacity, but similar metabolic activity and ultrastructure, under the conditions investigated.
Interpreting urgent brain CT scans: Does review by a radiology trainee make a difference in accuracy?
Authors: Heng Robert C , Bell Kevin W 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYAn urgent brain CT scan is now commonly performed on patients presenting to hospital emergency departments for a wide variety of indications. At most institutions in Australia, such scans are reviewed immediately by an on‐call radiologist, who is usually an accredited registrar. The value of the trainee radiologist in such a setting is unclear. In the present study, the rate of abnormal findings in a random sample of 100 brain CT scans performed on hospital patients is reviewed and the accuracy of detection of potentially urgent lesions is compared between three junior clinicians, an accredited radiology registrar and a junior radiographer, using the final radiological report as the standard of reference. At least one potentially urgent abnormality in 25% of the patients scanned was found. The RANZCR trainee recorded a significantly higher sensitivity compared to the other readers. It is concluded that an urgent brain CT is of greater value as a screening test if a contemporaneous radiological review is made available, and the implications this may have on current imaging practices are briefly considered.
Effect of prolonged dissociation on the subjective measurement of near heterophoria
Authors: Rosenfield Mark , Chun Terry W. , Fischer Susan E. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated that vergence adaptation resulting from the prolonged decay of slow fusional vergence may prevent the accurate assessment of oculomotor deviations. Continuing changes in heterophoria have been reported after 27 days of monocular occlusion. However, since most slow fusional vergence will decay within the first ten minutes of dissociation, a clinical assessment of both vergence adaptation and heterophoria could be made more rapidly. This report documents two investigations which examined changes in near horizontal heterophoria during 30min and 180min of continuous dissociation, respectively. Seven out of the 16 subjects exhibited significant changes in heterophoria during the 30 min dissociation period, with a mean increase in exophoria of 3.4Δ. The decay of slow fusional vergence took approximately 25 min to reach completion. Thus in the clinical setting, both the degree of vergence adaptation and a more accurate assessment of heterophoria may be obtained by maintaining dissociation for 25 min. Furthermore, the presence of vergence adaptation can be assessed after just 5 min of dissociation.
Dynamic light scattering, mutual diffusion, and linear viscoelasticity of polymer solutions
Authors: Wang C. H. 
Published: July 2002

A theoretical study of the dynamic light scattering spectrum from a binary solution consisting of a polymer and a small molecular weight solvent is carried out. The study is based upon a modified hydrodynamic equation previously derived from statistical mechanics by Bearman and Kirkwood for a multicomponent solution. The result shows that mutual diffusion arising from the osmotic pressure fluctuation and the viscoelasticity affecting mechanical properties of the polymer solution are, in general, mixed. The extent of mixing depends on the frequency and a coupling parameter β, which is proportional to the difference between the partial specific volume of the polymer and that of the small molecular solvent.
At low frequency the coupling is negligible, and one obtains a diffusion equation with the mutual diffusion coefficient dependent only on the osmotic modulus. At the frequency in the plateau stress modulus region, the result predicts a cooperative diffusion coefficient which consists of both the osmotic modulus and the longitudinal elastic modulus of the polymer solution, provided that β=1. The result is equivalent to that previously obtained by de Gennes, assuming a transient gel network model for the semidilute polymer solution. The present calculation also provides new results for the polymer solution in which the transient gel network model is not applicable. The overall light scattering spectral density is calculated in terms of the autocorrelation functions of the local pressure and the local concentration, as well as cross correlation functions between them. The result shows that as the polymer concentration is gradually increased toward the bulk state, the concentration fluctuation spectrum losses its importance, and the pressure (or density) fluctuation spectrum dominates the overall light scattering spectral density.