bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring oral health—How can the International Classification of Functioning help?
Authors: Faulks Denise , Scambler Sasha , Daly Blánaid , Jamieson Lisa , Hennequin Martine , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a need for a theoretically informed, contextualized approach to measuring oral health from a multidisciplinary perspective that goes beyond the commonly used clinical indices and sociodental measures. This commentary aims to discuss the potential for the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to provide a model for the development of indicators for oral health. It is suggested that the ICF might provide both a theoretical model and an operational classification for indicators of oral health. The ICF model states that human experience of physical, cognitive and social functioning is universal and, thus, can be described and qualified. Human function is given social and environmental context within the model at both an individual and population level. The ICF can not only capture data regarding oral health and function at the physiological level (e.g. chewing) but also at the social level (e.g. sharing meals). It is able not only to capture aspects of preventive behaviour (e.g. caring for teeth) but also aspects of social facilitation (e.g. economic self‐sufficiency) or ability to fulfil a social role (e.g. remunerative employment). It also includes aspects of social environment, such as healthcare services or political, economic and legal systems. Case studies are given as examples of the potential use of the ICF in the oral health domain. Examples are also given of the first steps that have been made towards operationalization of the ICF in data collection and oral health research. The challenges of encompassing such a comprehensive model into a practical oral health measure are discussed.
Reliability and accuracy of dynamic navigation for zygomatic implant placement
Authors: Wu Yiqun , Tao Baoxin , Lan Kengliang , Shen Yihan , Huang Wei , Wang Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of a real‐time dynamic navigation system applied in zygomatic implant (ZI) surgery and summarize device‐related negative events and their management.Material and methodsPatients who presented with severely maxillary atrophy or maxillary defects and received dynamic navigation‐supported ZI surgery were included. The deviations of entry, exit, and angle were measured after image data fusion. A linear mixed‐effects model was used. Statistical significance was defined as p < .05. Device‐related negative events and their management were also recorded and analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐one zygomatic implants (ZIs) with navigation‐guided placement were planned in 74 consecutive patients between Jan 2015 and Aug 2020. Among them, 71 patients with 221 ZIs received navigation‐guided surgery finally. The deviations in entry, exit, and angle were 1.57 ± 0.71 mm, 2.1 ± 0.94 mm and 2.68 ± 1.25 degrees, respectively. Significant differences were found in entry and exit deviation according to the number of ZIs in the zygomata (p = .03 and .00, respectively). Patients with atrophic maxillary or maxillary defects showed a significant difference in exit deviation (p = .01). A total of 28 device‐related negative events occurred, and one resulted in 2 ZI failures due to implant malposition. The overall survival rate of ZIs was 98.64%, and the mean follow‐up time was 24.11 months (Standard Deviation [SD]: 12.62).ConclusionsThe navigation‐supported ZI implantation is an accurate and reliable surgical approach. However, relevant technical negative events in the navigation process are worthy of attention.
A retrospective study of 12,538 internal conical connection implants focused on the long‐term integrity of implant–abutment complexes
Authors: Jin Xiaoting , Guan Ye , Ren Jie , Zhao Yanwei , Wang Xiaoxiang , He Fuming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term integrity of implant–abutment complexes in implant systems with two internal conical angles.Material and Methods12,538 bone‐level implants of two systems placed between January 2012 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative abutment/implant fracture rates in systems with larger (LA, 7.5°) and smaller (SA, 5.7°) internal conical angles were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared between groups. The association between implant systems and jammed abutment retrievability was evaluated by multivariable generalized estimating equation logistic regression modeling.ResultsFor LA, the 8‐year cumulative incident rate was 0.10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0–0.24%) for implant fracture and 0.26% (95% CI: 0.11%–0.41%) for abutment fracture, demonstrating a significant difference in gender (p = .03), implant diameter (p = .01), jaw (p = .006), and antagonist tooth (p < .001). For SA, the 8‐year cumulative incident rate was 0.38% (95% CI: 0–0.79%) for implant fracture and 2.62% (95% CI: 0.05%–5.13%) for abutment fracture, which was influenced by implant diameter (p < .001) and site (p = .03). The cumulative implant/abutment fracture rate was lower for LA implants, particularly for LA implant‐supported single crowns (SCs) (p < .05). The abutment‐retrieval success rate was 92.9% for LA and 57.1% for SA (p = .055).ConclusionLA implants exhibited a lower incidence of fracture in abutment–implant complexes and a relatively higher retrievability success rate for jammed abutments.
The effect of propofol on hypoxia‐ and TNF‐α‐mediated BDNF/TrkB pathway dysregulation in primary rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Tao Weiping , Zhang Xuesong , Ding Juan , Yu Shijian , Ge Peiqing , Han Jingfeng , Luo Xing , Cui Wei , Chen Jiawei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsHypoxia and inflammation may lead to BDNF/TrkB dysregulation and neurological disorders. Propofol is an anesthetic with neuroprotective properties. We wondered whether and how propofol affected BDNF/TrkB pathway in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes.MethodsPrimary rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes were cultured and exposed to propofol followed by hypoxia or TNF‐α treatment. The expression of BDNF and the expression/truncation/phosphorylation of TrkB were measured. The underlying mechanisms were investigated.ResultsHypoxia and TNF‐α reduced the expression of BDNF, which was reversed by pretreatment of 25 μM propofol in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, hypoxia and TNF‐α increased the phosphorylation of ERK and phosphorylation of CREB at Ser142, while reduced the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, which were all reversed by 25 μM propofol and 10 μM ERK inhibitor. In addition, hypoxia or TNF‐α did not affect TrkB expression, truncation, or phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. However, in hippocampal neurons, 50 μM propofol induced TrkB phosphorylation, which may be mediated by p35 expression and Cdk5 activation, as suggested by the data showing that blockade of p35 or Cdk5 expression mitigated propofol‐induced TrkB phosphorylation.ConclusionsPropofol modulated BDNF/TrkB pathway in hippocampal neurons via ERK/CREB and p35/Cdk5 under the condition of hypoxia or TNF‐α exposure.
Can we Save the rectum by watchful waiting or TransAnal surgery following (chemo)Radiotherapy versus Total mesorectal excision for early REctal Cancer (STAR‐TREC)? Protocol for the international, multicentre, rolling phase II/III partially randomized patient preference trial evaluating long‐course concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus short‐course radiotherapy organ preservation approaches
Authors: Bach Simon P. ,   the STAR‐TREC Collaborative
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimOrgan‐saving treatment for early‐stage rectal cancer can reduce patient‐reported side effects compared to standard total mesorectal excision (TME) and preserve quality of life. An optimal strategy for achieving organ preservation and longer‐term oncological outcomes are unknown; thus there is a need for high quality trials.MethodCan we Save the rectum by watchful waiting or TransAnal surgery following (chemo)Radiotherapy versus Total mesorectal excision for early REctal Cancer (STAR‐TREC) is an international three‐arm multicentre, partially randomized controlled trial incorporating an external pilot. In phase III, patients with cT1‐3b N0 tumours, ≤40 mm in diameter, who prefer organ preservation are randomized 1:1 between mesorectal long‐course chemoradiation versus mesorectal short‐course radiotherapy, with selective transanal microsurgery. Patients preferring radical surgery receive TME. STAR‐TREC aims to recruit 380 patients to organ preservation and 120 to TME surgery. The primary outcome is the rate of organ preservation at 30 months. Secondary clinician‐reported outcomes include acute treatment‐related toxicity, rate of non‐operative management, non‐regrowth pelvic tumour control at 36 months, non‐regrowth disease‐free survival at 36 months and overall survival at 60 months, and patient‐reported toxicity, health‐related quality of life at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Exploratory biomarker research uses circulating tumour DNA to predict response and relapse.DiscussionSTAR‐TREC will prospectively evaluate contrasting therapeutic strategies and implement new measures including a smaller mesorectal target volume, two‐step response assessment and non‐operative management for complete response. The trial will yield important information to guide routine management of patients with early‐stage rectal cancer.
Covered versus uncovered metal stent for endoscopic drainage of a malignant distal biliary obstruction: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Yamashita Yasunobu , Tachikawa Ayaka , Shimokawa Toshio , Yamazaki Hirofumi , Itonaga Masahiro , Sakai Yuji , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Nakai Yousuke , Tanaka Kiyohito , Isayama Hiroyuki , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe role of a covered vs. an uncovered self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) for malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) is not clear. This meta‐analysis compared the efficacy of covered vs. uncovered SEMS for patients with MDBO after endoscopic insertion.MethodsA systematic meta‐analysis of all relevant articles listed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases was performed. Fixed effects or random effects models were used to investigate pooled effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 2358 patients from 12 eligible studies. Time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) was significantly longer for covered SEMS (mean difference, 45.51 days; 95% CI 11.79–79.24). Although there was no significant difference in the RBO rate, subgroup analysis in pancreatic cancer occupying more than 90% (PC) revealed that the RBO rates were significantly lower for covered SEMS (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.25–0.74). Stent migration, sludge formation, and overgrowth were significantly more common with a covered SEMS (OR 7.92, 95% CI 4.01–15.64; OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.89–5.59; OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.20–3.43, respectively). The rate of ingrowth was significantly lower for covered SEMS. There was no significant difference in total procedure‐related adverse events between the two types of SEMS.ConclusionsA covered SEMS is superior to an uncovered SEMS with respect to prevention of RBO in patients with MDBO, particularly those caused by PC.
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus acarbose in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients with high cardiovascular risk or coronary heart disease treated with aspirin and inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy or drug‐naive: A multicentre, randomized, open‐label, prospective study (ACADEMIC)
Authors: Gao Bin , Gao Weiguo , Wan Hailong , Xu Fengmei , Zhou Rong , Zhang Xia , Ji Qiuhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo demonstrate the noninferiority of alogliptin to acarbose, in terms of antidiabetic efficacy, in Chinese people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high cardiovascular risk.Materials and MethodsACADEMIC (NCT03794336) was a randomized, open‐label, phase IV study conducted at 46 sites in China. Antidiabetic treatment‐naive or metformin‐treated adults with uncontrolled T2D (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 58.0–97.0 mmol/mol) were randomized 2:1 to alogliptin 25 mg once daily or acarbose 100 mg three times daily for 16 weeks. All participants had a documented history of coronary heart disease or high cardiovascular risk at screening and received aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 100 mg daily throughout the trial. The primary endpoints were change in HbA1c versus baseline, and the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs). Safety and tolerability were also assessed.ResultsA total of 1088 participants were randomized. Alogliptin was noninferior to acarbose for the change in Week‐16 HbA1c (least‐squares mean change [standard error] –11.9 [0.4] vs. –11.4 [0.5] mmol/mol, respectively; difference between arms –0.5 [0.7] mmol/mol; 95% confidence interval –1.9 to 0.8 mmol/mol), and was associated with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal AEs (8.9% vs. 33.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). More alogliptin than acarbose recipients achieved HbA1c <53.0 mmol/mol without gastrointestinal AEs (48.0% vs. 32.7%; P < 0.0001). Discontinuations due to treatment‐related AEs were less frequent with alogliptin than acarbose (0.3% vs. 2.5%).ConclusionsGlycaemic control was comparable between alogliptin and acarbose, but the gastrointestinal tolerability of alogliptin was better. More patients achieved target HbA1c without gastrointestinal AEs with alogliptin, suggesting that this agent may be preferred in clinical practice.
Changes in pedometer‐measured physical activity are associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to reduced‐energy diet interventions: ThePOUNDS Losttrial
Authors: Xue Qiaochu , Li Xiang , Ma Hao , Tao Zhou , Heianza Yoriko , Rood Jennifer C. , Bray George A , Sacks Frank M , Qi Lu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine whether changes in objectively measured physical activity (PA) are associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to weight‐loss diet interventions.MethodsThis study included 535 participants with overweight/ obesity, who were randomly assigned to four weight‐loss diets varying in macronutrients. PA was measured objectively with pedometers, and body composition and fat distribution were measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scans at baseline, 6 months and 24 months.ResultsFrom baseline to 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved, each 1000‐steps/d increment in PA was associated with a greater reduction in body weight (β[SE] = −0.48[0.11]) and waist circumference (β[SE] = −0.49[0.12]). Similar inverse associations were found in changes in body composition and fat distribution (P < 0.05 and false discovery rateqvalue < 0.1 for all). The trajectory of the above adiposity measures across the 24‐month intervention period differed between the patterns of PA change. Participants with the largest increase in PA maintained their weight loss from 6 months to 24 months, while those with a smaller increase in PA regained their weight. In addition, dietary fat or protein intake significantly modified the associations between changes in PA and changes in body weight and waist circumference over 24 months (P∆PA*diet < 0.05).ConclusionsChanges in objectively measured PA were inversely related to changes in body weight, body composition and fat distribution in response to weight‐loss diets, and such associations were more evident in people on a high‐fat or average‐protein diet compared with a low‐fat or high‐protein diet.
Age‐related differences in bottom‐up and top‐down attention: Insights from EEG and MEG
Authors: ElShafei Hesham A. , Masson Rémy , Fakche Camille , Fornoni Lesly , Moulin Annie , Caclin Anne , Bidet‐Caulet Aurélie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAttention operates through top‐down and bottom‐up processes, and a balance between these processes is crucial for daily tasks. Imperilling such balance could explain ageing‐associated attentional problems such as exacerbated distractibility. In this study, we aimed to characterize this enhanced distractibility by investigating the impact of ageing upon event‐related components associated with top‐down and bottom‐up attentional processes. MEG and EEG data were acquired from 14 older and 14 younger healthy adults while performing a task that conjointly evaluates top‐down and bottom‐up attention. Event‐related components were analysed on sensor and source levels. In comparison with the younger group, the older mainly displayed (1) reduced target anticipation processes (reduced CMV), (2) increased early target processing (larger P50 but smaller N1) and (3) increased processing of early distracting sounds (larger N1 but reduced P3a), followed by a (4) prolonged reorientation towards the main task (larger RON). Taken together, our results suggest that the enhanced distractibility in ageing could stem from top‐down deficits, in particular from reduced inhibitory and reorientation processes.
An intersectionality lens is needed to establish a global view of equity, diversity and inclusion
Authors: Khelifa Rassim , Mahdjoub Hayat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEquity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) have become essential considerations in different academic fields in recent years, attracting an increasing number of voices and perspectives from different groups. There is a need for an intersectionality framework that is inclusive of both the local and global diversity of researchers. Here, we present an intersectionality framework called KLOB which structures barriers to academic success into four components: knowledge exchange (K), language (L), obligations (O), and biases (B), and thus helps to think about the cumulative effect of multiple barriers that individuals from different backgrounds encounter to succeed in academic activities such as scientific publishing, which is the primary currency of academic success in our current system. This framework highlights both local and global disparities in socioeconomic, linguistic, and discriminatory factors that determine the opportunity of individual researchers to succeed in academia. We emphasise that individual researchers have no control over most barriers they face because of where and how they were born. Implementing solutions to address barriers associated with KLOB requires a multiscale vision and initiatives that tackle local and global inequities.
From sneaking to striding: Combatting competence creep and consolidating the EU legislative process
Authors: Garben Sacha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper argues that the EU legislative process should be used for taking all decisions at European level that matter, banning the various backroads of European decision‐making (competence creep) that are currently legal but not legitimate. This is a silver bullet, resolving at once a range of seemingly disparate but intimately connected legitimacy problems across all areas of EU activity, that ultimately result from an incorrectly calibrated state of transnational constitutional democracy at EU level, where certain aspects are over‐constitutionalised while others remain fundamentally under‐constitutionalised. This is therefore the key transversal issue that the Conference on the Future of Europe and its ensuing changes should address. The paper makes various concrete proposals to this effect, including for a general legislative competence.
Chromosome counting in the mouse zygote using low‐invasive super‐resolution live‐cell imaging
Authors: Hatano Yu , Mashiko Daisuke , Tokoro Mikiko , Yao Tatsuma , Yamagata Kazuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn preimplantation embryos, an abnormal chromosome number causes developmental failure and a reduction in the pregnancy rate. Conventional chromosome testing methods requiring biopsy reduce the risk of associated genetic diseases; nevertheless, the reduction in cell number also reduces the pregnancy rate. Therefore, we attempted to count the chromosomes in mouse embryos using super‐resolution live‐cell imaging as a new method of chromosome counting that does not reduce the cell number or viability. We counted the 40 chromosomes at the first mitosis by injecting embryos with histone H2B‐mCherry mRNA under conditions by which pups could be obtained; however, the results were often an underestimation of chromosome number and varied by embryo and time point. Therefore, we developed a method to count the chromosomes via CRISPR/dCas‐mediated live‐cell fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting the sequence of the centromere region, enabling us to count the chromosomes more accurately in mouse embryos. The methodology presented here may provide useful information for assisted reproductive technologies, such as those used in livestock animals/humans, as a technique for assessing the chromosomal integrity of embryos prior to transfer.
Cultural adaptation of a community‐based advance serious illness planning decision aid to the Quebec context involving end‐users
Authors: Plaisance Ariane , Skrobik Yoanna , Moreau Mathieu , Pageau Felix , Tapp Diane , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionTraditional advance care planning focuses on end‐of‐life planning in the context of a certain or imminent death. It is not tailored for serious illness planning, where the ‘death’ outcome is uncertain. The Plan Well Guide™ (PWG) is a decision aid that empowers lay persons to better understand different types of care and prepares them, and their substitute decision‐makers, to express both their authentic values and informed treatment preferences in anticipation of serious illness. A cultural adaptation was necessary to make the material suitable to the context of Quebec, a French‐speaking Canadian province.MethodsWe engaged lay collaborators and experts in a panel, involving three phases of consultation and data collection. These included an online questionnaire, focused interviews and virtual focus groups that identified elements within the francophone PWG affecting its feasibility, adaptation and integration, as well as items that should be modified.ResultsWe engaged 22 collaborators between April and September 2021. The majority (82%) ranked the first translation as good or very good; most (70%) stated that they would recommend the final adaptation. Both lay and expert panel members suggested simplifying the language and framing the tool better within the context of other advance medical planning processes in Quebec. Translation was considered in a cultural context; the challenges identified by the research team or by collaborators were addressed during the focus group. Examples of wording that required discussion include translating ‘getting the medical care that's right for you’ when referring to the PWG's goal. An equivalent expression in the French translation was believed to invoke religious associations. Using the term ‘machines’ to describe life‐sustaining treatments was also deliberated.ConclusionOur collaborative iterative adaptation process led to the first French advanced serious illness planning tool. How acceptable and user‐friendly this French adaptation of the PWG is in various Canadian French‐speaking environments requires further study.ContributionWe organized a focus group inviting both lay collaborators and experts to contribute to the interpretation of the results of the previous phases. This choice allowed us to add more value to our results and to the final PWG in French.