bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doing the Right Things or Doing Things Right? Exploring the Relationship Between Professional Autonomy and Resources in Volunteering
Authors: Gullberg Cecilia , Weinryb Noomi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter chronicles the organizing efforts of a group of Swedish medical professionals who volunteered on an ad hoc basis to provide health care for refugees in the fall of 2015. We show how different types of resources both enabled and constrained the autonomy of the professionals as they moved under the aegis of established civil society organizations and, as such, became bureaucratized. In the autonomous organizational setting, material resources were central, and professionals negotiated among themselves to establish working norms and guidelines for the acquisition and usage of resources. In the bureaucratized setting, with little to no room for negotiation, human resources were central, and regulations were imposed on the volunteering professionals by the civil society organizations.
Polish Human Rights Organizations: Resisting Institutional Pressures
Authors: Kravchenko Zhanna , Jezierska Katarzyna , Gumkowska Marta , Charycka Beata , Szafranek Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores human rights organizations resisting the illiberal reconfiguration of Polish society that has been spearheaded by the country’s ruling political party since 2015. By decreasing financial support, launching smearing campaigns, and engaging in intimidation practices, the political regime aims to influence the scope of economic, symbolic, human, and social resources available to human rights organizations. Using data from representative surveys and in-depth interviews with representatives of human rights organizations and other civil society organizations, we systematically examine opportunities and limitations in navigating such institutional pressures. Our study demonstrates that organizations’ characteristics and environmental conditions determine the action repertoire, including diversification of resources, coalition building, and public campaigns, that sustains an organization’s legitimacy and (re)generates various forms of support.
Between Autonomy and Compliance: The Organizational Development of Russian Civil Society
Authors: Bederson Vsevolod , Semenov Andrei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the organizational dynamics of the Russian third sector after the adoption of the so-called “foreign agents” law in 2012, which significantly restricted civil society organizations’ legal space and their access to key resources. Utilizing interviews with organizational leaders and activists in nine Russian regions as well as survey data on civil society’s interactions with authorities, we argue that despite the intent to target only a handful of organizations, the changes have affected a wide array of civil society organizations. We show the commonalities and differences in dynamics among organizations occupying various niches. We also document coping strategies and establish the sources of resilience of the third sector vis-à-vis the entrenching of the authoritarian state in Russia.
Navigating Contemporary Developments in Swedish Civil Society: The Case of Save the Children Sweden
Authors: Kings Lisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe focus of this chapter is how an established civil society organization relates to changing conditions and opportunities in contemporary Sweden. Taking the ongoing reorientation of Save the Children Sweden as a case study, this chapter illuminates the strategic approach to, and practical implementation of, that reorientation in relation to contemporary negotiations of the role of civil society in Sweden. The results show that Save the Children Sweden’s development is taking place in the context of Sweden’s contemporary civil society landscape with its newly available resources, increasingly blurred borders, and contradictory ideals. The reorientation of Save the Children Sweden is here conceptualized in terms of avant-garde professionalism, with an increase in operational activities serving to pressure the state and other organizations to acknowledge their responsibilities.
Financial and Actuarial Background
Authors: Milevsky Moshe Arye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the main technical background on financial and actuarial modelling required, with particular emphasis on present values, stochastic investment returns, the Gompertz law of mortality and the valuation of temporary life annuities which are very close cousins to modern tontines. To be clear, this chapter is a review of background and notation. It’s definitely not the place to visit to learn anything new.
Death Benefits, Refunds and Covenants
Authors: Milevsky Moshe Arye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter implements a design feature in which investors in the modern tontine are assured they will be made whole if they happen to die prior to receiving their original investment back in periodic payments. This is the symmetric equivalent of a cash-refund income annuity, which incidentally is the most popular rider in the US market.
Alter(n) als Zukunft – Zukunft des Alter(n)s
Authors: Lang Frieder R. , Lessenich Stephan , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungVariabilität und Vulnerabilität sind nach unseren empirischen Erkenntnissen die wesentlichen Charakteristika des höheren Lebensalters. Dabei ist auch die Vulnerabilität des Alters nicht der große Gleichmacher, im Gegenteil: Sie setzt nur den geteilten Rahmen,
innerhalb dessen sich die soziale Vielfalt des Alterns erweist. Statt daher ‚die Alten‘ großgruppenförmig zu vereinheitlichen und als ‚besonders‘ –
ob nun besonders schutzbedürftig, produktivitätsträchtig oder würdigungswürdig –
auszuweisen, wäre es an der Zeit, das Alter schlicht als das zu verstehen und zu verhandeln, was es im Grunde genommen ist: Eine weitere Phase des Lebens.
Loss of core-fucosylation of SPARC impairs collagen binding and contributes to COPD
Authors: Wu Tsai-Jung , Wang Sheng-Hung , Chen Eric Sheng-Wen , Tsai Hsiu-Hui , Chang Yi-Chieh , Tseng Yi-Hsin , Yu John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several mechanisms to account for deleterious immune effects were proposed, molecular description for the underlying alveolar structural alterations for COPD is lacking. Here, silencing of α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8), the enzyme for core-fucosylation and highly expressed in lung stem cells, resulted in alveolar structural changes in lung organoids, recapitulating COPD. Site-specific mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which binds collagen, contains a core-fucosylation site in its VCSNDNcfK glycopeptide. Biacore assay showed markedly reduced collagen binding of SPARC lacking core fucosylation. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed that core fucosylation of SPARC-induced dynamic conformational changes in its N-glycan, allowing terminal galactose and N-acetylglucosamine to interact with K150, P261 and H264 residues, thereby promoting collagen binding. Site-specific mutagenesis of these residues also resulted in low affinity for collagen binding. Moreover, loss of collagen and decline of core fucosylation were observed in COPD lung tissues. These findings provide a new mechanistic insight into the role of core fucosylation of SPARC in cell–matrix communication and contribution to the abnormal alveolar structures in COPD.
Asymptotics for Some q-Hypergeometric Polynomials
Authors: Mañas–Mañas Juan F. , Moreno–Balcázar Juan J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe tackle the study of a type of local asymptotics, known as Mehler–Heine asymptotics, for some q–hypergeometric polynomials. Some consequences about the asymptotic behavior of the zeros of these polynomials are discussed. We illustrate the results with numerical examples.
The Maximization of the First Eigenvalue for a Two-Phase Material
Authors: Casado-díaz Juan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the optimal arrangement of two conductive materials in order to maximize the first eigenvalue of the corresponding diffusion operator with Dirichlet conditions. The amount of the highest conductive composite is assumed to be limited. Since this type of problems has no solution in general, we work with a relaxed formulation. We show that the problem has some good concavity properties which allow us to get some uniqueness results. By proving that it is related to the minimization of the energy for a two-phase material studied in [4] we also obtain some smoothness results. As a consequence, we show that the unrelaxed problem has never solution. The paper is completed with some numerical results corresponding to the convergence of the gradient algorithm.
A multi-criteria h-adaptive finite-element framework for industrial part-scale thermal analysis in additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Moreira Carlos A. , Caicedo Manuel A. , Cervera Miguel , Chiumenti Michele , Baiges Joan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work presents an h-adaptive finite-element (FE) strategy to address the numerical simulation of additive manufacturing (AM) of large-scale parts. The wire-arc additive manufacturing is chosen as the demonstrative technology for its manufacturing capabilities suitable for industrial purposes. The scanning path and processing parameters of the simulation are provided via a RS-274 (GCode) file, being the same as the one delivered to the AM machine. The approach is suitable for industrial applications and can be applied to other AM processes. To identify the location in the FE mesh of the heat affected zone (HAZ), a collision detection algorithm based on the separating axis theorem is used. The mesh is continuously adapted to guarantee the necessary mesh resolution to capture the phenomena inside and outside the HAZ. To do so, a multi-criteria adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening (AMR) strategy is used. The AMR includes a geometrical criterion to guarantee the FE size within the HAZ, and a Zienkiewicz–Zhu-based a-posteriori error estimator to guarantee the solution accuracy elsewhere. Thus, the number of active FEs is controlled and mesh manipulation by the end-user is avoided. Numerical simulations comparing the h-adaptive strategy with the (reference) fixed fine meshes are performed to prove the computational cost efficiency and the solution accuracy.
The impact of the histological classification of ampullary carcinomas on long-term outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single tertiary referral center evaluation
Authors: Quero Giuseppe , Laterza Vito , Fiorillo Claudio , Menghi Roberta , De Sio Davide , Schena Carlo Alberto , Rosa Fausto , Tortorelli Antonio Pio , Di Cesare Ludovica , Cina Caterina , Bensi Maria , Salvatore Lisa , Alfieri Sergio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeAmpullary carcinomas (ACs) are classified as pancreatobiliary (Pb-AC), intestinal (Int-AC), or mixed (Mixed-AC). The influencing role of AC subtypes on long-term outcomes is still matter of debate. Aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic role of the three histological variants on the overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).MethodsAll PDs for AC between 2004 and 2020 were included. Patients were classified according to the histological feature in Pb-AC, Int-AC, and Mixed-AC. Five-year OS and DFS were compared among the subtypes. Additionally, the prognostic role of the histological classification on OS and DFS was evaluated.ResultsFifty-six (48.7%) Pb-ACs, 53 (46.1%) Int-ACs, and 6 (5.2%) Mixed-ACs were evaluated. A poorer 5-year OS was evidenced for the Pb-AC group (54.1%) as compared to the Int-AC cohort (80.7%) (p = 0.03), but similar to the Mixed-AC population (33%) (p = 0.45). Pb-AC presented a worse 5-year DFS (42.3%) in comparison to the Int-AC (74.8%) (p = 0.002), while no difference was evidenced in comparison to the Mixed-AC (16.7%) (p = 0.51). At the multivariate analysis, the Pb-/Mixed-AC histotype was recognized as negative prognostic factor for both OS (OR: 2.29, CI: 1.05–4.98;p = 0.04) and DFS (OR: 2.17, CI: 1–4.33;p = 0.02).ConclusionHistological subtypes of AC play a relevant role in long-term outcomes after PD. Pb-ACs and Mixed-ACs show a more aggressive tumor biology and a consequent worse survival as compared to the Int-AC subtype.
Spatio-temporal brain dynamics of self-identity: an EEG source analysis of the current and past self
Authors: Muñoz Francisco , Rubianes Miguel , Jiménez-Ortega Laura , Fondevila Sabela , Hernández-Gutiérrez David , Sánchez-García José , Martínez-de-Quel Óscar , Casado Pilar , Martín-Loeches Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent research on self-identity suggests that the self is settled in a unique mental representation updated across the lifespan in autobiographical memory. Spatio-temporal brain dynamics of these cognitive processes are poorly understood. ERP studies revealed early (N170-N250) and late (P3-LPC) waveforms modulations tracking the temporal processing of global face configuration, familiarity processes, and access to autobiographical contents. Neuroimaging studies revealed that such processes encompass face-specific regions of the occipitotemporal cortex, and medial cortical regions tracing the self-identity into autobiographical memory across the life span. The present study combined both approaches, analyzing brain source power using a data-driven, beamforming approach. Face recognition was used in two separate tasks: identity (self, close friend and unknown) and life stages (childhood, adolescence, adulthood) recognition. The main areas observed were specific-face areas (fusiform area), autobiographical memory areas (medial prefrontal cortex, parahippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus), along with executive areas (dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior temporal cortices). The cluster-permutation test yielded no significant early effects (150–200 ms). However, during the 250–300 ms time window, the precuneus and the fusiform cortices exhibited larger activation to familiar compared to unknown faces, regardless of life stages. Subsequently (300–600 ms), the medial prefrontal cortex discriminates between self-identity vs. close-familiar and unknown. Moreover, significant effects were found in the cluster-permutation test specifically on self-identity discriminating between adulthood from adolescence and childhood. These findings suggest that recognizing self-identity from other facial identities (diachronic self) comprises the temporal coordination of anterior and posterior areas. While mPFC maintained an updated representation of self-identity (diachronic self) based on actual rewarding value, the dlPFC, FG, MTG, paraHC, PCC was sensitive to different life stages of self-identity (synchronic self) during the access to autobiographical memory.
On Weighted Sums of Numbers of Convex Polygons in Point Sets
Authors: Huemer Clemens , Oliveros Deborah , Pérez-Lantero Pablo , Torra Ferran , Vogtenhuber Birgit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet S be a set of n points in general position in the plane, and let $$X_{k,\ell }(S)$$

X

k
,
ℓ

(
S
)

be the number of convex k-gons with vertices in S that have exactly $$\ell $$
ℓ
points of S in their interior. We prove several equalities for the numbers $$X_{k,\ell }(S)$$

X

k
,
ℓ

(
S
)

. This problem is related to the Erdős–Szekeres theorem. Some of the obtained equations also extend known equations for the numbers of empty convex polygons to polygons with interior points. Analogous results for higher dimension are shown as well.
High-Resolution 3D FEM Stability Analysis of the Sabereebi Cave Monastery, Georgia
Authors: Domej Gisela , Previtali Marco , Castellanza Riccardo , Spizzichino Daniele , Crosta Giovanni B. , Villa Alberto , Fusi Nicoletta , Elashvili Mikheil , Margottini Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study assesses the static stability of the artificial Sabereebi Cave Monastery southeast of Georgia's capital, Tbilisi. The cliff into which these Georgian-Orthodox caverns, chapels, and churches were carved consists of a five-layered sequence of weak sedimentary rock—all of which bear a considerable failure potential and, consequently, pose the challenge of preservation to geologists, engineers, and archaeologists. In the first part of this study, we present a strategy to process point cloud data from drone photogrammetry as well as from laser scanners acquired in- and outside the caves into high-resolution CAD objects that can be used for numerical modeling ranging from macro- to micro-scale. In the second part, we explore four distinct series of static elasto-plastic finite element stability models featuring different levels of detail, each of which focuses on specific geomechanical scenarios such as classic landsliding due to overburden, deformation of architectural features as a result of stress concentration, material response to weathering, and pillar failure due to vertical load. With this bipartite approach, the study serves as a comprehensive 3D stability assessment of the Sabereebi Cave Monastery on the one hand; on the other hand, the established procedure should serve as a pilot scheme, which could be adapted to different sites in the future combining non-invasive and relatively cost-efficient assessment methods, data processing and hazard estimation.
Essential tremor plus rest tremor: current concepts and controversies
Authors: Erro Roberto , Sorrentino Cristiano , Russo Maria , Barone Paolo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the initial description of Essential Tremor (ET), the entity of ET with rest tremor has proven to be a controversial concept. Some authors argued it could be a late manifestation of ET, others suggested it could be a variant of ET, yet others suggested it could represent a transitional state between ET and Parkinson's disease. The novel tremor classification has proposed the construct of ET-plus to differentiate patients with rest tremor from pure ET. However, there is no clarity of what ET-plus rest tremor represents. With the aim of shedding light on this controversial entity, we have, therefore, systematically reviewed all clinical, electrophysiological, imaging and anatomopathological studies indexed in the Medline database published both before and after the new tremor classification and involving patients with ET-plus rest tremor. Forty-four studies involving 4028 patients were included in this review and analyzed in detail by means of descriptive statistics. The results of the current review suggest that ET-plus rest tremor is a heterogenous group of conditions: thus, rest tremor might represent a late feature of ET, might reflect a different disorder with higher age at onset and lower dependance on genetic susceptibility than ET, might suggest the development of Parkinson's disease or might indicate a misdiagnosis of ET. The reviewed lines of evidence refuse recent claims arguing against the construct of ET-plus, which should be viewed as a syndrome with different possible underpinnings, and highlights methodological issues to be solved in future research.
The Asymmetric Impact of War: Resilience, Vulnerability and Implications for EU Policy
Authors: Celi Giuseppe , Guarascio Dario , Reljic Jelena , Simonazzi Annamaria , Zezza Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2019, over 96% of EU27 oil needs, nearly 90% of natural gas and over 43% of solid fuels were met by net imports, with the largest share coming from Russia (35% of oil, 40% of natural gas and 20% of solid fuels consumed in EU27). The decline in the share of oil since 2016 was more than off-set by the increase in gas and solid fuels.
FDI, liquidity, and political uncertainty: A global analysis
Authors: Jahn Marvin , Stricker Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUncertainty incentivizes investors to wait-and-see and to hold back their investments. This paper investigates whether more liquid types of foreign direct investment (FDI) are affected more by political uncertainty than less liquid ones. Drawing from the real options theory, we develop hypotheses on the sensitivity of different types of FDI. We utilize descriptive statistics and a simple estimation approach to gauge the liquidity of quarterly equity investments, reinvested earnings, and intra-company debt. Then, we deploy election data and the World Uncertainty Index to examine how the three FDI subtypes respond to high political uncertainty. In line with the real options theory, reinvested earnings significantly drop in an election quarter. However, this only holds for high-income countries. In lower-middle- and low-income countries, electoral uncertainty negatively affects equity investments, with higher institutional quality moderating the effect. In particular, the number of veto players and the government’s credibility decrease the effect of uncertainty on FDI.
A Scoping Review of Peer Navigation Programs for People Living with HIV: Form, Function and Effects
Authors: Krulic Timothy , Brown Graham , Bourne Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis scoping review maps recent research into peer navigation programs for people living with HIV. Four databases were systematically searched in June 2020. Results were screened according to defined criteria and were not restricted to any design, outcome or country. Six papers drew from randomised control trials, five from quasi-experimental or pragmatic trials, and four panel, eight qualitative, three mixed method and one cross-sectional designs were included for review. Programs incorporated health systems navigation and social support. Authors provided strong theoretical bases for peers to enhance program effects. Studies primarily reported program effects on continuum of care outcomes. Further research is required to capture the role HIV peer navigators play in preventing disease and promoting quality of life, mental health, and disease self-management in diverse settings and populations. Peer programs are complex, social interventions. Future work should evaluate detailed information about peer navigators, their activities, the quality of peer engagement as well as employee and community support structures to improve quality and impact.
Changing Levels of Social Engagement with Gay Men Is Associated with HIV Related Outcomes and Behaviors: Trends in Australian Behavioral Surveillance 1998–2020
Authors: Chan Curtis , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Prestage Garrett E. , Broady Timothy R. , Mao Limin , Rule John , Wilcock Ben , Holt Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChanges to how gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) connect with each other and with their communities have implications for HIV prevention. Social engagement with gay men (defined as having friends who are gay men and spending time with them) has been associated with HIV related outcomes over time among Australian GBM. Using data collected in national, repeated, cross-sectional surveys of GBM between 1998 and 2020 (N = 161,117), analyses of trends in the prevalence of gay social engagement (GSE) in Australia were conducted using linear regression. To assess changing associations with GSE at different time points in the HIV epidemic, three cross-sectional analyses were conducted on factors associated with high and low GSE in 1999/2000, 2009/2010, and 2019/2020 using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. GSE (scored from 0 to 7) declined among all participants from 4.76 in 1998 to 4.04 in 2020 (p < 0.001) with a steeper decline among GBM aged under 25 years from 4.63 in 1998 to 3.40 in 2020 (p < 0.001). In all timepoints, high GSE was associated with older age, being university educated, full time employment, identifying as gay, recent HIV testing, and PrEP uptake. While mostly associated with protective behaviors, high GSE was also associated with some practices that may put GBM at risk of HIV infection such as drug-enhanced sex and group sex in the most recent timepoint. Changing levels of GSE have implications for health promotion among GBM, particularly how to engage GBM less connected to gay social networks.