bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RenewingLinnaean taxonomy: a proposal to restructure the highest levels of theNaturalSystem
Authors: van der Gulik Peter T. S. , Hoff Wouter D. , Speijer David 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the last century enormous progress has been made in the understanding of biological diversity, involving a dramatic shift from macroscopic to microscopic organisms. The question now arises as to whether the Natural System introduced by Carl Linnaeus, which has served as the central system for organizing biological diversity, can accommodate the great expansion of diversity that has been discovered. Important discoveries regarding biological diversity have not been fully integrated into a formal, coherent taxonomic system. In addition, because of taxonomic challenges and conflicts, various proposals have been made to abandon key aspects of the Linnaean system. We review the current status of taxonomy of the living world, focussing on groups at the taxonomic level of phylum and above. We summarize the main arguments against and in favour of abandoning aspects of the Linnaean system. Based on these considerations, we conclude that retaining the Linnaean Natural System provides important advantages. We propose a relatively small number of amendments for extending this system, particularly to include the named rank of world (Latin alternativemundis) formally to include non‐cellular entities (viruses), and the named rank of empire (Latin alternativeimperium) to accommodate the depth of diversity in (unicellular) eukaryotes that has been uncovered. We argue that in the case of both the eukaryotic domain and the viruses the cladistic approach intrinsically fails. However, the resulting semi‐cladistic system provides a productive way forward that can help resolve taxonomic challenges. The amendments proposed allow us to: (i) retain named taxonomic levels and the three‐domain system, (ii) improve understanding of the main eukaryotic lineages, and (iii) incorporate viruses into the Natural System. Of note, the proposal described herein is intended to serve as thestarting pointfor a broad scientific discussion regarding the modernization of the Linnaean system.
Science‐informed policy decisions lead to the creation of a protected area for a wide‐ranging species at risk
Authors: Leblond Mathieu , Rudolph Tyler , Boisjoly Dominic , Dussault Christian , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtected areas are needed to conserve nature and biodiversity worldwide. The province of Québec (Canada) recently established a large wilderness area affording significant habitat protection for boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), a wide‐ranging species at risk. We describe a decision support framework combining ecological modeling with socioeconomic constraints that ultimately led to the creation of this protected area. Multiple criteria were used to identify candidate protected areas for boreal caribou. These had to be large in size (>10,000 km2) and located in regions where available high‐quality habitat was threatened by development pressures. Candidate areas also had to contribute substantively to the maintenance of functional habitat connectivity, be exempt from major industrial developments and recent fires, and required evidence of recent use by caribou. Five candidate protected areas emerged from this exercise. Key regional stakeholders were consulted, thereby strengthening advocacy for land designation, and boundaries were refined through their input, which helped further reduce socioeconomic conflicts. This process involved difficult compromises, but eventually led to the legal designation on March 4, 2021 of a new protected area for boreal caribou known as the Caribous‐Forestiers‐de‐Manouane‐Manicouagan. We show how our science‐informed decision support framework was instrumental in the success of this endeavor, and describe the obstacles overcame in the process, so that other jurisdictions may draw from this experience in their efforts to achieve similar conservation goals.
Oral and maxillofacial emergencies: A retrospective study of 5220 cases in West China
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wan Ting , Miao Rong , Tang Wei , Liu Lei , Long Jie , Jing Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/AimThere are no epidemiological reports focused on the oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency department in the West China Hospital of Stomatology. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients admitted for Trauma and Plastic Surgery Department of the West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2016–2019.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, 5220 patients with complete medical records were evaluated. The following data were collected: gender, age, etiology, disease type distribution, anatomic injury site and treatment modality.ResultsThere were 3046 males and 2174 females (ratio 1.40:1), with an average age of 16.2 years. The largest group was children aged between 3 and 6 years old (28.3%). Maxillofacial injuries were the most common condition (87.3%), which mostly occurred on the forehead (29.7%), followed by the lips (27.8%). A fall was the leading cause of injury (59.9%), especially in patients younger than 6 years old. There were 327 cases of maxillofacial space infections (MSI), and the mandibular third molars were the most common tooth associated with odontogenic infections (36.2%). Univariable analysis identified that multiple‐space infection, visit time and systemic conditions were the risk factors for being admitted to the hospital for treatment. There were 116 patients (2.2%) with bleeding as the main complaint, and most of the maxillofacial bleeding patients could be stopped by compression (52.6%).ConclusionMales and children aged younger than 6 years were the highest risk populations. Trauma accounted for the majority of emergency patients in maxillofacial surgery. Most maxillofacial injuries involved the forehead and were mainly caused by accidental falls. The proportion of MSI was not high, but serious cases may be life‐threatening. The causes of bleeding were diverse, and the bleeding was easy to control.
Occult ischemic bone lesions in children with sickle cell disease: A study of prevalence
Authors: Voi Vincenzo , Turrini Silvia , Mattavelli Margherita , Vigliani Valentina , Margarita Giuseppe , Ferrero Giovanni Battista 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAvascular necrosis (AVN) is a severe complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and involves principally the femoral head. Few data exist about the prevalence of lesions in other segments.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 42 children (20 males and 22 females) underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine, upper arms, and femurs. The primary outcome was to define the prevalence and locations of bone infarcts.ResultsForty‐two patients completed the study; the total median age was 11.9 years (interquartile range = 9.5–13.9). Eleven patients (26.2%) were positive for altered bone findings for a total of 32 lesions. Most of the lesions were in the humerus 17 (53.1%), 11 (34.4%) in the femurs, and 4 (12.5%) in the vertebrae. The median number of vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs) was two and four for patients without and with bone lesions, respectively (p = .01). The annual rate of VOC is the best marker for the positive MRI (odds ratio = 82.6; p = .03), and it is correlated with the number of sites involved (p = .02).ConclusionsOur study highlights that the prevalence of skeletal lesions could be underestimated, and it provides the basis for clinical reasoning and tailored therapy in SCD children.
Influence of Mg‐substitution on structural and electrical properties of ion‐conducting Ca‐doped tri‐yttrium gallate
Authors: Singh Pragati , Pandey Raghvendra , Singh Prabhakar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe signature of oxide ion conductivity was perceived in acceptor‐doped (alkaline‐earth metals) Y3GaO6. An acceptor doping of 2%Ca in Y3GaO6 (i.e., Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6) has been found to exhibit a remarkable conductivity. The present work examines the conductivity behavior of 2% Ca‐doped tri‐yttrium gallate (Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6) and also the effect of Mg‐substitution on the phase formation and electrical conductivity of Y2.94Ca0.06GaO6 for its possible application as a solid electrolyte. Polycrystalline dense ceramic samples of Y2.94Ca0.06Ga1−xMgxO6−δ (with x = .00–.04) were fabricated using the conventional solid‐state reaction route. The X‐ray diffraction patterns were recorded to confirm the phase formation. The solid solubility limit of Mg2+ at Ga3+ site was found for x < .03. All the samples were observed to exhibit orthorhombic structure with Cmc21 symmetry (ICSD no.: 155086). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology reveals dense polygonal grains with vibrant grain boundaries. A significant increase in the conductivity is observed by substituting 1 mol% of Mg2+ at the Ga3+ site of Y2.94Ca0.06Ga1−xMgxO6−δ. However, a further addition of higher dopant concentration of Mg2+ leads to a decline in the electrical conductivity. A relationship between the dopant concentration, phase formation, and structural characterizations has been established to analyze the conductivity behavior.
Elimination of ƞ phase in WC–Co cemented carbides during laser powder bed fusion by powder coating compensation strategy
Authors: Wang Yemin , Zhang Lei , Yang Yafeng , Kondoh Katsuyoshi , Sun Linbing , Lu Yanan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe formation of ƞ phase induced by the C‐loss for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of WC–Co cemented carbides largely deteriorates the fracture toughness. The current approach of mixing C additive into powder cannot mitigate the ƞ phase formation. This study proposed a new carbon compensation strategy of coating carbon resource on powder surface by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition to address this issue. C nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selectively deposited on WC–Co powder to make uniform C‐ and CNTs‐coated powders by tuning the deposition temperature. Compared with CNTs‐coated powder and C–WC–Co powder mixtures, the C‐coated powder was more effective in impeding the ƞ phase formation because it had higher reactivity and stronger dissolution ability to compensate the C‐loss in the Co–W–C liquid. However, the single‐carbon compensation was not enough to eliminate the ƞ phase due to the extreme nonequilibrium characteristics of LPBF, which required secondary heat treatment. The conventional heat treatment procedure of 1000°C for 3 h eliminated the ƞ phase for the C‐coated powder but failed for the C–WC–12Co powder mixtures. Because of the absence of ƞ phase, the heat‐treated sample made from C‐coated powder exhibited the highest transverse rupture strength.
GBP5 exacerbates rosacea‐like skin inflammation by skewing macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype through the NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhao Han , Zhao He , Meng Xin , Zhao Zhixiang , Xie Hongfu , Li Ji , Tang Yan , Zhang Yiya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with increased macrophage infiltration. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the significance of macrophage infiltration, and the correlation between Guanylate‐binding protein 5 (GBP5) and polarization of macrophages in rosacea‐like inflammation.MethodsHere we tested the hypothesis that Guanylate‐binding protein 5 (GBP5) aggravates rosacea‐like skin inflammation by promoting the polarization of the M1 macrophages through the NF‐κB signalling pathway. We depleted macrophage by injecting clodronate‐containing liposomes. We next explored the association between GBP5 and macrophage in rosacea tissue through transcriptome analysis and immunofluorescence analysis. We evaluated the severity of rosacea‐like skin inflammation when BALB/c mice were injected with GBP5 siRNA intradermally daily for three consecutive days. At last, to study the causality of knocking down GBP5‐blunted M1 macrophage polarization, THP‐1 cell was treated with GBP5 siRNA.ResultsMacrophage depletion ameliorated rosacea‐like skin inflammation in mice, implying the important role of macrophages in rosacea. Based on the transcriptome analysis, Guanylate‐binding protein 5 (GBP5) was identified as hub gene that was associated with macrophage infiltration in rosacea. Next, we found that GBP5 expression was significantly upregulated in rosacea tissues and positively correlated with macrophage infiltration, the immunofluorescence analysis revealed the co‐localization between GBP5 and macrophages. In vivo, silencing of GBP5 attenuated rosacea‐like skin inflammation in the LL‐37‐induced mouse model and suppressed the expression of M1 signature genes such as IL‐6, iNOS and TNF‐a. In vitro, knocking down GBP5 significantly blunted the polarization of the M1 macrophages partly by repressing the activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathways.ConclusionsTogether, our study revealed the important role of macrophages in rosacea and identified GBP5 as a key regulator of rosacea by inducing M1 macrophage polarization via NF‐κB signalling pathways.
Oviposition behaviour inDrosophila melanogaster: Genetic and behavioural decoupling between oviposition acceptance and preference for natural fruits
Authors: Fanara Juan J. , Beti Maria I. L. , Gandini Luciano , Hasson Esteban 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn phytophagous insects, oviposition behaviour is an important component of habitat selection and, given the multiplicity of genetic and environmental factors affecting its expression, is defined as a complex character resulting from the sum of interdependent traits. Here, we study two components of egg‐laying behaviour: oviposition acceptance (OA) and oviposition preference (OP) inDrosophila melanogasterusing three natural fruits as resources (grape, tomato and orange) by means of no‐choice and two‐choice experiments, respectively. This experimental design allowed us to show that the results obtained in two‐choice assays (OP) cannot be accounted for by those resulting from no‐choice assays (OA). Since the genomes of all lines used are completely sequenced, we perform a genome‐wide association study to identify and characterize the genetic underpinnings of these oviposition behaviour traits. The analyses revealed different candidate genes affecting natural genetic variation of both OA and OP traits. Moreover, our results suggest behavioural and genetic decoupling between OA and OP and that egg‐laying behaviour is plastic and context‐dependent. Such independence in the genetic architectures of OA and OP variation may influence different aspects of oviposition behaviour, including plasticity, canalization, host shift and maintenance of genetic variability, which contributes to the adoption of adaptive strategies during habitat selection.
Can extreme climatic events induce shifts in adaptive potential? A conceptual framework and empirical test with Anolis lizards
Authors: Simon Monique N. , Rothier Priscila S. , Donihue Colin M. , Herrel Anthony , Kolbe Jason J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multivariate adaptation to climatic shifts may be limited by trait integration that causes genetic variation to be low in the direction of selection. However, strong episodes of selection induced by extreme climatic pressures may facilitate future population-wide responses if selection reduces trait integration and increases adaptive potential (i.e., evolvability). We explain this counter-intuitive framework for extreme climatic events in which directional selection leads to increased evolvability and exemplify its use in a case study. We tested this hypothesis in two populations of the lizard Anolis scriptus that experienced hurricane-induced selection on limb traits. We surveyed populations immediately before and after the hurricane as well as the offspring of post-hurricane survivors, allowing us to estimate both selection and response to selection on key functional traits: forelimb length, hindlimb length, and toepad area. The direct selection was parallel in both islands and strong in several limb traits. Even though overall limb integration did not change after the hurricane, both populations showed a non-significant tendency toward increased evolvability after the hurricane despite the direction of selection not being aligned with the axis of most variance (i.e., body size). The population with comparably lower between-limb integration showed a less constrained response to selection. Hurricane-induced selection, not aligned with the pattern of high trait correlations, likely conflicts with selection occurring during normal ecological conditions that favours functional coordination between limb traits, and would likely need to be very strong and more persistent to elicit a greater change in trait integration and evolvability. Future tests of this hypothesis should use G-matrices in a variety of wild organisms experiencing selection due to extreme climatic events.
Abstract
We surveyed populations of A. scriptus lizards, in two islands, before the hurricane, after the hurricane (estimate of survivors) and the offspring almost two years later. We hypothesized that the direction of hurricane-induced selection would be to reduce between-limb trait correlations, resulting in higher variation in the direction of selection (higher evolvability). We found that selection had a similar direction in both populations, but was likely not strong or persistent enough to change trait correlations. However, the population with lower limb trait correlations showed a response to selection more aligned with the direction of selection. Finally, both populations showed a tendency to increase evolvability after the hurricane.
Effect of an intervention of exercise on sleep and seizure frequency in idiopathic epileptic dogs
Authors: Grady K. , Cameron S. , Kent S. P. , Barnes Heller H. , Barry M. M. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to compare sleep and seizure frequency between epileptic dogs prescribed a 20% activity increase and epileptic dogs not prescribed an activity increase.MethodsSixty‐nine dogs receiving anti‐epileptic drug therapy were enrolled in a 6‐month prospective, randomised, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with an intention‐to‐treat analysis. A canine activity monitoring device was used to measure activity levels and sleep scores.ResultsUsing an intention‐to‐treat analysis, the treatment group had an average of 0.381 more seizures per month (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.68) compared with the control group, although the difference in seizure days per month was not statistically significant. In a subgroup analysis of dogs whose activity increased by at least 10%, partial compliers had 0.719 more seizures per month (95% CI: 0.22 to 1.22) and 0.581 seizure days per month (95% CI: 0.001 to 1.16) compared with the control group. Sleep scores increased by 1.2% in the treatment compared with the control group (95% CI: 0.2 to 2.3%).ConclusionsSeizure frequency and sleep score increased slightly, but significantly, in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy prescribed an increase in activity, compared with a control group.
Professional home care providers' conceptualisations of frailty in the context of home care: A focus group study
Authors: Voie Kristin S. , Blix Bodil H. , Helgesen Ann Karin , Larsen Toril Agnete , Mæhre Kjersti Sunde 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Norway, as in many other countries, more people receive health and care services in their homes than before. Home care professionals provide care and support to people with a range of health and care needs. Older home care service users are sometimes referred to as ‘frail’, but the terms ‘frail’ and ‘frailty’ have different meanings in different contexts, and little is known about the meaning ascribed to the terms in the context of home care services. Home care services are crucial for many older persons who have health challenges, and how home care professionals conceptualise frailty might shape clinical encounters.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to explore how home care professionals conceptualised frailty in the context of home care.MethodsWe conducted four focus group discussions with 14 home care professionals who worked in municipal home care in northern Norway and analysed the data using thematic analysis.ResultsOur analysis resulted in five themes: ‘“Frail” – a term which is too imprecise to be useful’, ‘Frailty as a consequence of ageing’, ‘Frailty as lack of engagement and possibilities for engagement’, ‘Frailty as a contextual phenomenon’ and ‘Frailty as potentially affected by care’. The home care professionals conceptualised frailty as an individual trait but also as resulting from the interplay between individual and environmental factors. Moreover, their conceptualisations of frailty represented a continuum between frailty as related to prevention and management (‘cure’) and frailty as related to ageing as natural decline (‘care’).ConclusionThe home care professionals conceptualised frailty diversely, as moving along a continuum between cure and care. Diverse conceptualisations of frailty might be necessary if nurses are to meet the changing and varying care needs of older persons who live in their own homes and need health and care services.
Intelligent video surveillance using enhanced deep belief based multilayered convolution neural network classification techniques
Authors: Kaliappan Nattar Kannan , Thapasimuthu Rajeswari Saravanan , Dakshinamoorthy Prabakar , Sundararaju Nirmalraj , Sundar Ramesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVideo surveillance has undergone numerous changes in the past few years and several pieces of research have been carried out in this field. Object tracking is the significant task in such systems, and hence it is essential to review the standard approaches dealing with object detection, classification and tracking. This work proposes a novel classification technique for a detected object of a moving scene from a video dataset. Initially the dataset has been processed and prepared for data training based on neural networks. The data has been classified using the proposed enhanced deep belief based multilayered convolutional neural network (EBMCNN). The major focus is on deep learning applications involved in estimating the count, total persons involved and the activities in a crowd where all criteria are taken into consideration, thereby achieving security through video analysis. Identifying theft and the detection of violence are some security measures where video is converted to frames which are then processed to analyse the individuals along with their activities. The classification is performed through comparative analysis of a real‐time dataset. Experimental results show the accuracy 97%, precision 93.8%, recall 87.7% and F‐1 score 87.5%.
Emplacement age of the Markagunt gravity slide in southwestern Utah, USA
Authors: Holliday McKenna E. , Rivera Tiffany , Jicha Brian , Trayler Robin B. , Biek Robert F. , Braunagel Michael J. , Griffith W. Ashley , Hacker David B. , Malone David H. , Mayback Danika F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Markagunt gravity slide (MGS) is a large‐volume landslide in southwestern Utah that originated within the Oligocene‐Miocene Marysvale volcanic field. Gravity slides are single emplacement events with long runout distances and are now recognized as a new class of volcanic hazard. Accumulation of volcanic material on a structurally weak substrate along with voluminous shallow intrusive events led to collapse. Here, 40Ar/39Ar data for landslide‐generated pseudotachylyte, the landslide‐capping Haycock Mountain Tuff and the deformed Osiris Tuff are combined with a Bayesian age model to determine an emplacement age of 23.05 + 0.22/−0.20 Ma for the MGS. The results suggest a lag time of <200 kyr between the caldera‐forming eruption of the Osiris Tuff, additional buildup of the unstable volcanic pile and subsequent mass movement.