bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferentialist semantics for lexicalized social meanings
Authors: Hess Leopold 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper offers a general model of the semantics of lexicalized social meanings, i.e. semiotic properties of certain expressions in a socio-political context. Examples include slurs, problematically charged expressions such as inner city, as well as terms such as mother, which also carry implicit ideological associations. Insofar as their linguistic properties are concerned, social meanings can be construed as context-structuring devices: without introducing specific at-issue contents, they evoke background assumptions which shape the context of conversation. An inferentialist model of discourse is developed to account for this effect, in which the discursive significance of an utterance is defined as the set of inferences it licenses relative to a discursive context. A discursive context is a set of propositions that can serve as auxiliary premises in material inferences, together with a salience ranking that makes some of these propositions more readily available and therefore more relevant to determining discursive significance. Social meanings are defined as functions on discursive contexts that modify the salience ranking, increasing the salience of certain assumptions and stereotypes. As a result, they impact the discursive significance of utterances indirectly and independently of at-issue contents. They are also largely independent of speaker intentions in virtue of the ideological nature of discursive contexts.
A Pipe Ranking Method for Water Distribution Network Resilience Assessment Based on Graph-Theory Metrics Aggregated Through Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Pagano Alessandro , Giordano Raffaele , Portoghese Ivan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe resilience assessment is crucial for many infrastructures, including water supply and distribution networks. In particular, the identification of the ‘critical’ components (nodes or pipes) whose failure may negatively affect network performances and system resilience is a key issue, with a direct relevance for decision-makers involved in planning, management and improvement activities. Among the multiple methods and tools available, the use of graph-theory metrics is a cutting-edge research topic, as the analysis of topological properties may provide simple yet reliable information on the performance of complex networks. In the present work, we aim to overcome the limit associated to the use of individual graph-theory metrics, identifying a subset of relevant metrics that are directly connected to network resilience properties, using them to perform a ‘network degradation analysis’ in case of single pipe failure and finally proposing an aggregation of the results using a Bayesian Belief Network. Ultimately, the proposed methodology provides a ranking of the most critical pipes, i.e. those that contribute most to system resilience. A real water distribution network in Italy is used for model development and validation.
Was können Register leisten?
Authors: Griesinger Frank , Jänicke Martina 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Register sind strukturierte Datensammlungen einer definierten Gruppe von Patienten. Registerdaten aus der Routineversorgung können zur Beantwortung zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher und praxisrelevanter Fragestellungen herangezogen werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist ein Einblick in Anwendungsbereiche von Registerdaten.

Material und Methoden
Drei zentrale Anwendungsbereiche werden beispielhaft erläutert basierend auf einer explorativen Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse
Registerdaten schaffen Transparenz, indem sie Aufschluss über die Routineversorgung (z. B. die Anwendungen und Wirksamkeit von Therapien unter Alltagsbedingungen) geben und dienen somit der Qualitätssicherung. Sie ermöglichen Aussagen zu Patienten, die an randomisierten klinischen Prüfungen, dem Standard in der klinischen Arzneimittelforschung, nicht teilnehmen können (z. B. ältere Patienten mit Begleiterkrankungen). Sie ermöglichen die Langzeitbeobachtung von Erkrankungsverläufen und das Identifizieren von seltenen Nebenwirkungen. Des Weiteren können Registerdaten zur Versorgungsforschung, v. a. zur Hypothesengenerierung genutzt werden. So können Fragen zur optimalen Therapie bestimmter Patientengruppen, zur Wirksamkeit von Therapien, für die es keine vergleichenden Daten aus klinischen Prüfungen gibt oder auch zu Risikoprofilen von Patienten untersucht werden. Ein neueres Anwendungsgebiet ist außerdem die Verwendung von Registerdaten im Rahmen der Zulassung und Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln.

Schlussfolgerung
Viele Fragen rund um die optimale Versorgung von Patienten können mit randomisierten kontrollierten Prüfungen allein nicht beantwortet werden. Qualitätsgesicherte Daten aus prospektiven Registern können diese Lücke schließen.
Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsförderung in ländlichen und städtischen Kommunen – eine qualitative Analyse zu den Rollen potenzieller Multiplikator*innen
Authors: Müller Christina , Paulsen Lisa , Bucksch Jens , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kommunale Bewegungsförderung kann zur Vermeidung lebensstilbedingter Erkrankungen beitragen, ist aber keine kommunale Pflichtaufgabe, weshalb es in der Regel keine klaren Zuständigkeiten dafür gibt. Um zu verstehen, wie kommunale Bewegungsförderung in Deutschland vorangebracht werden kann, ist es wichtig, potenzielle Multiplikator*innen in städtischen und ländlichen Kommunen zu identifizieren und deren Rollen zu charakterisieren.

Methodische Vorgehensweise
Es wurden 18 potenzielle Multiplikator*innen der kommunalen Gesundheits- und Bewegungsförderung auf verschiedenen Ebenen (Bundesland, Landkreis/Stadt, Gemeinde/Stadtteil) in leitfadengestützten semistrukturierten Interviews zu ihrer eigenen Rolle sowie zu ihrer Wahrnehmung der Rollen anderer Akteur*innen befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte gemäß der inhaltlich-strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse
(Landes‑)Gesundheitsämter und Gesundheitskonferenzen nehmen eine beratende, vernetzende und fachlich unterstützende Rolle ein. Auf der Umsetzungsebene vor Ort müssen sich im Einzelfall Kümmer*innen finden, die in Stadt und Land unterschiedlich sein können. Die befragten Quartiermanager*innen sehen ihre primäre Rolle in der Arbeit mit den Bürger*innen, die Verwaltungsmitarbeiter*innen in der administrativen Abwicklung von Projekten.

Schlussfolgerung
Fachliche Impulse zur kommunalen Bewegungsförderung können über Landesgesundheitsämter an Akteur*innen in Landkreisen und Städten weitergegeben werden. Für die Multiplikation und Umsetzung in einzelnen Gemeinden und Stadtteilen müssen Verantwortliche vor Ort gefunden werden bzw. Strukturen aufgebaut werden.
CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production: an Evaluation of Various Plant Configurations
Authors: Schifflechner Christopher , Wieland Christoph , Spliethoff Hartmut 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) systems are a promising concept for utilising petrothermal resources in the context of a future carbon capture utilisation and sequestration economy. Petrothermal geothermal energy has a tremendous worldwide potential for decarbonising both the power and heating sectors. This paper investigates three potential CPG configurations for combined heating and power generation (CHP). The present work examines scenarios with reservoir depths of 4 km and 5 km, as well as required district heating system (DHS) supply temperatures of 70°C and 90°C. The results reveal that a two-staged serial CHP concept eventuates in the highest achievable net power output. For a thermosiphon system, the relative net power reduction by the CHP option compared with a sole power generation system is significantly lower than for a pumped system. The net power reduction for pumped systems lies between 62.6% and 22.9%. For a thermosiphon system with a depth of 5 km and a required DHS supply temperature of 70°C, the achievable net power by the most beneficial CHP option is even 9.2% higher than for sole power generation systems. The second law efficiency for the sole power generation concepts are in a range between 33.0% and 43.0%. The second law efficiency can increase up to 63.0% in the case of a CHP application. Thus, the combined heat and power generation can significantly increase the overall second law efficiency of a CPG system. The evaluation of the achievable revenues demonstrates that a CHP application might improve the economic performance of both thermosiphon and pumped CPG systems. However, the minimum heat revenue required for compensating the power reduction increases with higher electricity revenues. In summary, the results of this work provide valuable insights for the potential development of CPG systems for CHP applications and their economic feasibility.
Novel General Solution for the Analysis of a Multicomponent Interdiffusion Couple
Authors: Belova I. V. , Fiedler T. , Murch G. E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we draw attention to the investigation of the novel exact solution [1.Scripta Mat. 210:114430; M.A. Dayananda, in JPED, this issue, (2022);] that is applicable to a multicomponent (n-component) interdiffusion couple where the interdiffusion matrix may change with alloy composition. In the derivation of this solution the interdiffusion flux$$J_{j}$$Jjof a componentjis related to (n-1) independent composition gradients for an isothermal, diffusion couple using the well-known continuity equation. Novel exact expressions are then derived for all of the interdiffusion coefficients,$$\tilde{D}_{ij}^{n}$$D~ijn(i,j = 1, 2, …..n − 1), where the partial derivatives of the product$$J_{j} \left( {y - y_{0} } \right)$$Jjy-y0with respect to composition$$C_{i}$$Ci($$y_{0}$$y0is the Matano plane) are used. In this paper, it is shown that the novel solution leads to a computational procedure similar to the Boltzmann-Matano analysis. Note that the derivatives$$\partial (J_{j} \left( {y - y_{0} } \right))/\partial C_{i} , i,j = 1, \ldots ,n - 1$$∂(Jjy-y0)/∂Ci,i,j=1,…,n-1(that are required for the solution) can only be calculated along the diffusion path and therefore, for$$n > 2$$n>2, a single couple will not be enough to calculate all of them correctly.
Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and outcomes of orbital biopsies in a single Irish centre
Authors: Kneafsey Siân , MacSwiney Terence , McCloskey Clare , O’Keane Conor , Fulcher Tim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
To review the distribution of histopathological diagnoses and visual outcome of orbital biopsy in an Irish tertiary referral centre over a 10-year period.

Methods
This was a retrospective, clinical-histopathological case series. Clinical records of all patients who underwent orbital biopsy between January 2008 and January 2018 in the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital were reviewed using data collected from theatre logbooks and hospital-based medical records.

Results
A total of 83 orbital biopsies in 77 patients were included for analysis in this study. The mean age was 55.7 ± 18.41 years. The mean follow-up period was 1.87 ± 2.097 years. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were pain (22.3%) and proptosis (27.6%). Most lesions were located in the extraconal space (65%), with incisional biopsy (65%) being the most common technique used to gain a sample for histopathological diagnosis. Histopathology analysis of the biopsies revealed malignant tumours (27, 32.5%), benign tumours (7, 8.4%), inflammation (26, 31.3%), and other diagnoses (23, 27%). Excluding patients who underwent exenteration procedures, no study patients suffered visual loss following orbital biopsy.

Conclusions
Orbital biopsy serves as a safe diagnostic tool in managing orbital diseases. The breakdown of diagnosis in our patients is in line with international studies. No patients in our series suffered vision loss as a result of their orbital biopsy. This emphasises its use as a safe procedure in the diagnosis and management of patients with the orbital disease. Our data provides helpful guidance to clinicians when counselling patients for orbital biopsy.
Pathogenic changes of community-acquired pneumonia in a children’s hospital in Beijing, China before and after COVID-19 onset: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Li-Na , Cao Ling , Meng Ling-Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the pathogenic characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a children’s hospital before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to provide testimony for preventing CAP in the future.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed. The information was collected from the electronic medical record system of the hospital. A total of 2739 children were included from February 1, 2019, to January 31, 2021.ResultsAmong these 2739 patients were 1507 (55.02%) males and 1232 (44.98%) females; the median age was 3.84 years. There were 2364 cases during the pre-COVID-19 period and 375 cases during the post-COVID-19 period. The number of hospitalized children after the pandemic was 84.14% lower. The median age after the onset was 1.5 years younger than that before the onset (4.08 years old) (Z = − 7.885,P < 0.001). After the pandemic, the proportion of CAP in school-age children andMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia (MPP) and influenza virus pneumonia (IVP) decreased significantly. During the pre-COVID-19 period, the proportions of detected pathogens were as follows: MP (59.56%) > bacteria (50.42%) > viruses (29.57%) > fungi (3.43%). During the post-COVID-19 period, the pathogen proportions were bacteria (56.53%) > viruses (53.60%) > MP (23.47%) > fungi (3.73%).ConclusionsThere was a significant decrease in the number of children with CAP hospitalized after the pandemic, especially among school-age children, and the pathogen proportions of CAP with MP and IV were significantly decreased. We inferred that CAP was effectively prevented in school-age children because of the strong mitigation measures.
Introduction of the “Straight-Leg-Evaluation-Trauma-Test” as a rapid assessment for long-bone fractures in a trauma bay setting
Authors: Berk Till , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Bitzi Michelle , Kalbas Yannik , Colacicco Giovanni , Simmen Hans-Peter , Pape Hans-Christoph , Neuhaus Valentin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Lower extremity long bone fractures can constitute a substantial source of bleeding in the polytraumatized patient and should be diagnosed in the primary survey as fast as possible. Standardized clinical assessment tools for fracture detection in the trauma bay, however, are lacking. We propose the “Straight-Leg-Evaluation-Trauma-Test” (SILENT-test) as a rapid assesment tool for the lower extremity. The aim of this prospective diagnostic study was to evaluate the efficacy of this test in a standardized preclinical setting.

Methods:
Medical professionals with different levels of experience performed clinical fracture diagnotics in four human cadavers with two femur- and two tibia shaft fractures. The SILENT-test (ST) and conventional fracture testing (CS) were performed. A cross-over design was used and participants were randomly allocated and blinded. Accuracy, subjective clinical applicability, and clinical performance of both tests were measured and compared.

Results:
A total of 440 clinical tests were performed by 55 examiners. For femoral fractures, ST had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.99), a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.97) and a sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). CS had a PPV of 0.97 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.99), a specificity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.98) and a sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.93). ST was significantly more feasible (8.05 ± 1.48 vs. 5.91 ± 2.09) had a significantly greater certainty (8.32 ± 1.84 vs. 7.89 ± 2.01) and was significantly faster (7.73 ± 6.61 vs 14.50 ± 11.11 s).

Conclusion:
Preclinical evaluation of the SILENT-test showed equal accuracy compared to conventional fracture testing, while being significantly faster and significantly more clinically applicable. Prospective diagnostic clinical studies are justified to hopfully improve trauma care.

Level of evidence:
Level III.

Highlights
Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy after cesarean section in pregnant women at 38 weeks: A clinical case
Authors: Son Tran Que , Ai Dang Quoc , Hung Tran Manh , Hoc Tran Hieu , Tuan Nguyen Minh , Van Truong Trieu , Van Kien Quach , Van Minh Nguyen , Minh Hue Bui Thi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Acute cholecystitis due to gallstone disease during pregnancy often requires emergency surgical treatment. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can be performed concurrently with cesarean section when surgical management can be delayed until after birth.

Case presentation:
A 25-year-old female patient was 38 weeks pregnant. On day five, she was taken to the hospital to treat cholecystitis. We performed emergency surgery in collaboration with the obstetrician and gastrointestinal surgery team. A healthy baby weighing 3200 g was born with an Apgar score of 9–10. After the closure of the vertical incision, a pneumoperitoneum was established, and the gallbladder was removed laparoscopically. On the sixth postoperative day, the patient was discharged from the hospital without complications.

Discussion:
LC was performed immediately following cesarean delivery. The infant delivery diminished the size of the uterus, removing it from the surgical field. LC was thus performed in a safe, effective, and expeditious manner, providing a definitive treatment. Breastfeeding was unaffected because the patients had no dietary restrictions. The recoveries were uncomplicated, with better cosmetic results, short lengths of stay, and reasonable costs.

Conclusion:
Faster recovery, better cosmetic results, and better lactation outcomes are advantages of LC immediately after cesarean delivery.

Highlights
What is at Stake in the Frame Story? A Timurid Reshaping of the Romance of Bahrām Gūr
Authors: Toutant Marc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines MīrʿAlī Shīr Navāʾī'sSabʿa-yi Sayyār(889/1484), a Chaghatay rewriting of Niẓāmī'sHaft Paykarand Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī'sHasht Bihisht.In the prologue of hismasnavī, the Timurid poet expresses harsh criticism against his Persian models. He targets his predecessors’ frame stories, and more specifically their depiction of Bahrām Gūr's behavior while listening to the seven nested narratives. In fact, Navāʾī's reshaping of the poem epitomizes several Timurid trends with regard to the Persianate cultural complex: a tendency toward standardization, as well as a keen interest in Naqshbandī Sufism. Incidentally, the latter aspect shows Jāmī's influence on the Chaghatay polymath's literary output.
Effects of multiple stressors in fish: how parasites and contaminants interact
Authors: Sures Bernd , Nachev Milen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterest in local environmental conditions and the occurrence and behaviour of parasites has increased over the last 3 decades, leading to the discipline of Environmental Parasitology. The aim of this discipline is to investigate how anthropogenically altered environmental factors influence the occurrence of parasites and how the combined effects of pollutants and parasites affect the health of their hosts. Accordingly, in this paper, we provide an overview of the direct and indirect effects of pollutants on the occurrence and distribution of fish parasites. However, based on current knowledge, it is difficult to draw general conclusions about these interdependencies, as the effects of pollutants on free-living (larval) parasite stages, as well as their effects on ectoparasites, depend on the pollutant–host–parasite combination as well as on other environmental factors that can modulate the harmful effects of pollutants. Furthermore, the question of the combined effects of the simultaneous occurrence of parasites and pollutants on the physiology and health of the fish hosts is of interest. For this purpose, we differentiate between the dominance effects of individual stressors over other, additive or synergistically reinforcing effects as well as combined antagonistic effects. For the latter, there are only very few studies, most of which were also carried out on invertebrates, so that this field of research presents itself as very promising for future investigations.
Post-traumatic growth amongst UK armed forces personnel who were deployed to Afghanistan and the role of combat injury, mental health and pain: the ADVANCE cohort study
Authors: Dyball Daniel , Bennett Alexander N. , Schofield Susie , Cullinan Paul , Boos Christopher J. , Bull Anthony M. J. , Stevelink Sharon A. M. , Fear Nicola T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPost-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological consequence of trauma. The aims of this study were to investigate whether combat injury was associated with deployment-related PTG in a cohort of UK military personnel who were deployed to Afghanistan, and whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and pain mediate this relationship.Methods521 physically injured (n = 138 amputation; n = 383 non-amputation injury) and 514 frequency-matched uninjured personnel completed questionnaires including the deployment-related Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (DPTGI). DPTGI scores were categorised into tertiles of: no/low (score 0–20), moderate (score 21–34) or a large (35–63) degree of deployment-related PTG. Analysis was completed using generalised structural equation modelling.ResultsA large degree of PTG was reported by 28.0% (n = 140) of the uninjured group, 36.9% (n = 196) of the overall injured group, 45.4% (n = 62) of amputee and 34.1% (n = 134) of the non-amputee injured subgroups. Combat injury had a direct effect on reporting a large degree of PTG [Relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.17)] compared to sustaining no injury. Amputation injuries also had a significant direct effect [RRR 2.18 (95% CI 1.24–3.75)], but non-amputation injuries did not [RRR 1.35 (95% CI 0.92–1.93)]. PTSD, depression and pain partially mediate this relationship, though mediation differed depending on the injury subtype. PTSD had a curvilinear relationship with PTG, whilst depression had a negative association and pain had a positive association.ConclusionsCombat injury, in particular injury resulting in traumatic amputation, is associated with reporting a large degree of PTG.
Dynamic tracking effect of a magnetic navigated dual hemisphere capsule robot
Authors: Zhang Yongshun , Liu Xu , Liu Zhenhu , Zhao Zihao , Dong Hai , Wang Dianlong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor diagnostic and therapeutic applications in spacious spots of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the single rigid body capsule clinically applied is difficult to realize the fix-point posture adjustment function manipulated by the external permanent magnet system using the static balance control because the posture alignment and the locomotion interfere with each other. To realize this function easily, the dual hemisphere capsule robot (DHCR) is proposed, based on tracking effect—the axis of DHCR keeps tracking the normal orientation of the spatial universal rotating magnetic vector (SURMV). Since tracking effect employs dynamic balance control, dynamic stability of the DHCR system affects posture alignment performance. This paper focuses on posture alignment dynamic modeling and the influence of the magnetic flux density and the angular velocity of the SURMV, along with the damping coefficient of the GI tract surface on stability, obtaining the stability domains of parameters. Furthermore, to reduce error due to the uncertainties in complex GI tract environment, the sliding mode controller based on nominal model is proposed to achieve more accurate dynamic tracking, and Lyapunov theorem is employed to assess stability of controller. Finally, the tracking effect is verified through simulations and experiments, indicating that the fix-point posture adjustment can be realized with higher accuracy and efficiency.