bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm hospitalizations in France: A nationwide retrospective observational study
Authors: Jollant F. , Roussot A. , Corruble E. , Chauvet-Gelinier J. C. , Falissard B. , Mikaeloff Y. , Quantin C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in France was associated with a reduced number of hospitalizations for self-harm, with the exception of older people. The on-going pandemic may have both sustained and delayed effects.MethodsData were extracted from the French national hospital database (PMSI), a nationwide exhaustive database. The number of self-harm hospitalizations (ICD-10 codes X60–84) between September 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021 (N = 85,679) was compared to 2019 (N = 88,782) using Poisson regression models.ResultsThere was a decrease in the total number of self-harm hospitalizations during the studied period versus 2019 (−3.5%; Relative Risk [RR] [95% Confidence Intervals] = 0.97 [0.96–0.97]; p < 0.0001). However, sex and age effects were identified. While adults aged 30–59-years-old showed a decrease (monthly decreases: −12.6 to −15.0%), we found an increase in adolescent girls (+27.7%, RR = 1.28 [1.25–1.31]; p < 0.0001), notably since January 2021. Moreover, the numbers were similar to 2019 in adolescent boys, in youths aged 20–29 years, and in people aged 70 and more. Hospitalizations in intensive care units decreased (−6.7%, RR = 0.93 [0.91–0.96]; p < 0.0001) and deaths at hospital following self-harm remained stable (+0.6%, Hazard Ratio = 0.99 [0.91–1.08], p = 0.79).ConclusionsDuring this second stage, the number of self-harm hospitalizations remained at a lower level than in the prepandemic period. However, significant variations over time, age, and sex were observed. Young people (notably adolescent girls) appear to have particularly suffered from the persistence of the pandemic, while older people did not show any decrease since the beginning. Vigilance and continuing prevention are warranted.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of HIV Infection on Outcomes of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancers Treated With Either Conventional or Hypofractionated Radiotherapy: The Uganda Experience
Authors: Kavuma Awusi , Luutu Israel , Kibudde Solomon , Kanyike Daniel 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE We annually treat more than 800 new patients with cervical cancer, where the majority (approximately 60%) have locally advanced disease and approximately 40% of them are infected with HIV. To optimally care for this large number of patients in low-income settings is difficult. From July 2011, we started using 45.0 Gy/15# hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) as a substitute to 50.0 Gy/25# conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT), for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). This study aims at comparing the 5-year treatment outcomes between patients with LACC, known HIV serostatus, and treated with either CFRT or HFRT. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted according to demographic/clinical data, radiotherapy fractionations, and outcomes. Factors considered were FIGO stages IIB-IIIB, known HIV serostatus, and had completed external-beam radiotherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy. The primary end point was overall survival; the secondary end points were toxicity and compliance. RESULTS The study included 221 patients. Squamous cell carcinomas were 95.1% and adenocarcinomas 2.3%. The median age was 45.0 (interquartile range, 38.0-52.0) years. Stages IIB, IIIA, and IIIB were 38.9%, 6.3%, and 54.8%, respectively. HIV-positive and HIV-negative were 87 (39.4%) and 134 (60.6%), respectively. Chemoradiation was administered in 100 (45.2%), and 52 (52.0%) completed chemotherapy. CFRT/HFRT were 116 (52.5%)/105 (47.5%). At 24 months, the overall response was 54.1% for HIV-negative compared with 45.0% for HIV-positive ( P value .262). There was no significant differences in acute/late toxicity grades ≥ 2 for HIV-negative/positive treated with HFRT/CFRT. At 60 months, the survival probabilities were 45.7% and 27.7% for HIV-negative and HIV-positive treated with CFRT ( P value = .006), whereas it was 44.2% and 30.7% for HIV-negative and HIV-positive treated with HFRT ( P value = .048), respectively. CONCLUSION For the treatment of LACC with known HIV serology, there was no significant statistical difference in terms of response, toxicity, and compliance between CFRT and HFRT. However, the difference in overall survival between HIV-negative and HIV-positive was significant.
Industry Relationships With Medical Oncologists: Who Are the High-Payment Physicians?
Authors: Wright Kristin , Meyers Daniel E. , Chisamore Timothy M. , McInnes Matthew D.F. , Sismondo Sergio , Gyawali Bishal , Prasad Vinay , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE: Many oncologists have relationships with industry. Previous work has shown that these payments are usually modest; however, there exist a subset of medical oncologists who receive more than $100,000 US dollars (USD) annually. Here, we describe the characteristics of these physicians. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the Open Payments data set to identify all US-based medical oncologists/hematologists who received $100,000+ USD in general payments linked to cancer medications in 2018. Open Payments and a web-based search were used to identify physician characteristics, demographics, research profile, and leadership positions. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-nine medical oncologists received > $100,000 USD in general payments. The median payment was $154,613 USD, and the total payment was $24.2 million USD. These high-payment physicians represent 1% of all US medical oncologists (N = 10,620) yet account for 37% of all industry payments in 2018. Sixty percent (84 of 139) and 21% (29 of 139) of these high-payment physicians hold hospital and specialty association leadership roles, respectively. One quarter (24%, 33 of 139) serve on journal editorial boards, and 10% (14 of 139) have authored clinical practice guidelines; 72% (100 of 139) hold faculty appointments. CONCLUSION: A small number of medical oncologists receive very high payments from the pharmaceutical industry. These physicians hold major leadership roles within oncology. Further work is needed to understand the extent to which these conflicts of interest may shape clinical practice and policy.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in the Process Analytical Technology of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing—a Review
Authors: Nagy Brigitta , Galata Dorián László , Farkas Attila , Nagy Zsombor Kristóf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndustry 4.0 has started to transform the manufacturing industries by embracing digitalization, automation, and big data, aiming for interconnected systems, autonomous decisions, and smart factories. Machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), have emerged as potent tools to address the related computational tasks. These advancements have also reached the pharmaceutical industry, where the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative has already paved the way for the real-time analysis of the processes and the science- and risk-based flexible production. This paper aims to assess the potential of ANNs within the PAT concept to aid the modernization of pharmaceutical manufacturing. The current state of ANNs is systematically reviewed for the most common manufacturing steps of solid pharmaceutical products, and possible research gaps and future directions are identified. In this way, this review could aid the further development of machine learning techniques for pharmaceutical production and eventually contribute to the implementation of intelligent manufacturing lines with automated quality assurance.
Graphical Abstract
Excess 11-Oxygenated Androgens in Women With Severe Insulin Resistance Are Mediated by Adrenal Insulin Receptor Signaling
Authors: Walzer Dalia , Turcu Adina F , Jha Smita , Abel Brent S , Auchus Richard J , Merke Deborah P , Brown Rebecca J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Syndromes of severe insulin resistance (SIR) include insulin receptoropathy, in which all signaling downstream of the insulin receptor is lost, and lipodystrophy, in which some signaling pathways are impaired and others preserved. Women with SIR commonly have ovarian hyperandrogenemia; adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens, produced by CYP11B1, have not been studied.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate classic pathway androgens (androstenedione, testosterone) and 11-oxygenated androgens in women with SIR and hyperandrogenemia, and to elucidate the role of insulin receptor signaling for 11-oxygenated androgen production by comparing lipodystrophy and receptoropathy.

Methods
Steroid hormones were quantified using LC-MS/MS in a cross-sectional study of 18 women with hyperandrogenemia and SIR (11 lipodystrophy, 7 receptoropathy) and 23 controls. To assess ovarian vs adrenal origin, steroids were compared in receptoropathy patients with (Ovary+) vs without (Ovary-) ovarian function.

Results
Compared with controls, classic androgens were elevated in both lipodystrophy and receptoropathy, and 11-oxygenated androgens were increased in lipodystrophy (2.9-fold higher 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), 2.4-fold higher 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4), 3.6-fold higher 11-ketotestosterone (11KT); P &lt; 0.01), but not receptoropathy. Product-to-precursor ratios for CYP11B1 conversion of androstenedione to 11OHA4 were similar in lipodystrophy and controls but decreased in receptoropathy (6.5-fold lower than control; P = 0.001). Classic androgens were elevated in Ovary + but not Ovary- patients.

Conclusions
11-Oxygenated androgens are elevated in lipodystrophy but not receptoropathy. In SIR, insulin receptor signaling is necessary for adrenal hyperandrogenemia but not ovarian hyperandrogenemia; excess classic androgens are derived from the ovaries. Insulin receptor signaling increases adrenal 19-carbon steroid production, which may have implications for more common disorders of mild IR.
Exploring Agriculture in the Age of Industrial Capitalism
Authors: Auderset Juri , Moser Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores how Swiss agronomists and farmers experienced, perceived, and interpreted the modernization of North American agriculture from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries by examining a series of travel reports, correspondence, diaries, photographs, and film material that they produced about their study trips to the United States and Canada. These sources are an interesting point of departure for transnational perspectives in agricultural history; they reveal not only a great deal about the expectations, anxieties, perceptions, and prejudices that Swiss agriculturalists expressed in their encounter with agricultural institutions, economic mentalities, and farming practices on the other side of the Atlantic, but, in a much broader sense, also about the contested visions of agriculture in the age of industrial capitalism. The article examines how these visitors perceived and interpreted the patterns of agricultural modernization in the United States and Canada and how they comparatively embedded these observations in the epistemic paradigms shaped by their experiences at home. Furthermore, the article explores how the preoccupation with American agriculture and the transformation of knowledge, technology, and practices across the Atlantic shaped the patterns of change in agriculture in Switzerland.
In Service and Observation of the State
Authors: Dimas Carlos S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 1872 the Argentine state founded the Argentine Meteorological Service (AMS) as an appendage of the National Observatory. Under the guidance of US astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould and his successor Walter Davis, the AMS created a national network of amateur weather observers spread throughout the nation and even past the nation's nineteenth-century borders. The AMS proposed to state officials that in time the weather data could help to better understand Argentina's environmental and climatological diversity and have significant political and economic influence on the nation's future. This article examines the AMS's foundation and development, placing it within the Argentine nation-state building process of the last third of the nineteenth century. It argues that the state used weather observation more as a tool of expansion, as in the case of Patagonia, than as a scientific endeavor. In the Patagonian territory of Chubut, settlers and soldiers who completed weather observations argued that their findings demonstrated Patagonia to be a region of limitless agricultural possibilities, even if the truth was far from that.
Restructuring the Specialized University
Authors: Droge Abigail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay examines the relationship between academic and industrial practices of specialization and suggests pedagogical paths forward to foster greater interdisciplinary engagement in higher education and the workplace. After considering the common structures of current interdisciplinary initiatives in academia and highlighting the challenges often presented by specialization when amplified in the corporate sphere, this essay imagines a future university of 2050 in which interdisciplinarity has become structurally integral and transformative. The essay closes by proposing concrete pedagogical actions that could provide sustained opportunities for students to cultivate connections between fields, both in college and in their subsequent careers.
Introduction
Authors: Blejmar Jordana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
On June 3, 2015, thousands of people in Argentina gathered in the streets to protest the murder of fourteen-year-old Chiara Paez at the hands of her boyfriend. Following her brutal death, a wave of indignation spread on social media with the viral hashtags #NiUnaMenos and #VivasNosQueremos. What started as an act of public grief and defiance against patriarchy rapidly found an angry but also unexpectedly upbeat tone, a combination of collective fury and exhaustion expressed in highly theatrical and political performances of affection and resistance. “We are moved by desire” became one of the movement's taglines. María Pia López's Not One Less: Mourning, Disobedience, and Desire (2021), among the first English accounts from inside the movement, reflects on this phenomenon and serves as a practical tool in current feminist struggles, feeding the very same transnational, intersectional, transformative movement in which the author has participated as protagonist, connoisseur, and chronicler. López is one of the leading voices of the fourth wave of Latin American feminisms. This collection of commentaries is animated by the dialogical spirit of her book, addressing issues ranging from the transnational identity of feminist political activism; the connection between gender equality and class struggle; the movement's combination of mourning, ecstasy, and desire; and—arguably one of the most important achievements of NUM—feminism's ability to alter the political imagination and common sense.
Kir2.1 channel regulates macrophage polarization via the Ca2+/CaMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Kuihao , Man Qiaoyan , Miao Jiaen , Xu Wenjing , Zheng Yangchen , Zhou Xiuli , Gao Zhe 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Macrophage polarization plays a key role in the inflammatory response. Various ion channels expressed in macrophages have been documented, but very little is known about their roles in macrophage polarization. We found that knockdown or blockade of the Kir2.1 (also known as KCNJ2) channel significantly inhibited M1 macrophage polarization, but promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 polarization was also remarkably suppressed in high extracellular K+ solutions (70 mM K+), and this inhibition was partially abolished by adding Ca2+ to the culture medium. Ca2+ imaging showed that Ca2+ influx was dependent on the hyperpolarized membrane potential generated by the Kir2.1 channel. The upregulation of phospho (p)-CaMK II, p-ERK, and p-NF-κB proteins in macrophages from the RAW264.7 cell line that were stimulated with LPS was significantly reversed by blocking the Kir2.1 channel or culturing the cells with 70 mM K+ medium. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that mice treated with a Kir2.1 channel blocker were protected from LPS-induced peritonitis. In summary, our data reveal the essential role of the Kir2.1 channel in regulating macrophage polarization via the Ca2+/CaMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Chemical manipulation of mitochondrial function affects metabolism of red carotenoids in a marine copepod (Tigriopus californicus)
Authors: Powers Matthew J. , Baty James A. , Dinga Alexis M. , Mao James H. , Hill Geoffrey E. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe shared-pathway hypothesis offers a cellular explanation for the connection between ketocarotenoid pigmentation and individual quality. Under this hypothesis, ketocarotenoid metabolism shares cellular pathways with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation such that red carotenoid-based coloration is inextricably linked mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Tigriopus californicus copepods to a mitochondrially targeted protonophore, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), to induce proton leak in the inner mitochondrial membranes. We then measured whole-animal metabolic rate and ketocarotenoid accumulation. As observed in prior studies of vertebrates, we observed that DNP treatment of copepods significantly increased respiration and that DNP-treated copepods accumulated more ketocarotenoid than control animals. Moreover, we observed a relationship between ketocarotenoid concentration and metabolic rate, and this association was strongest in DNP-treated copepods. These data support the hypothesis that ketocarotenoid and mitochondrial metabolism are biochemically intertwined. Moreover, these results corroborate observations in vertebrates, perhaps suggesting a fundamental connection between ketocarotenoid pigmentation and mitochondrial function that should be explored further.
Metabolic changes in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving direct acting antivirals
Authors: Abdel Fattah Nehal K. , Shaheen Sara M. , Ahmed Osama A. , Elsaeed Kadry , Sabri Nagwa A. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with direct acting antivirals (DAAS) improves the rates of sustained virological response (SVR). However, derangements with lipid profile and glycemic status have been observed. This study aimed to compare the effect of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (SOF/DAC) versus sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LED) regimens on metabolic status of CHC patients. Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted on a total of 140 easy-to-treat treatment-naïve genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Egyptian patients. Patients received either 400 mg SOF/60 mg DAC or SOF 400 mg/90 mg LED daily for 12 weeks. Patients were followed-up for 12 weeks after end-of-treatment. Total lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured at baseline, four weeks (during treatment), and 12 weeks post-treatment (24 weeks). Clinical laboratory tests and treatment side effects during the treatment period were assessed to ensure safety. Complete blood picture, liver function tests, fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) were performed at baseline and week 12. Results: Both groups had 100% SVR. In both groups, no significant difference in body mass index was found after treatment. FIB-4 decreased significantly after treatment in the SOF/LED group. Regarding lipid profile, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly increased then slightly decreased between week four and week 24 respectively in both groups with higher percentage change in the SOF/LED group. On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased throughout the follow-up period in both groups with no significant difference between two groups. Regarding glycemic status, HbA1c and FBS were significantly decreased in both groups throughout the study period with significant difference in the percentage change of HbA1c and FBS between two groups. Conclusions: SOF/LED regimen showed a significant change in lipid profile parameters more than the SOF/DAC regimen, while both regimens showed favorable outcomes in HbA1C and FBS levels.
Atypical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with Ollier's disease - a case report
Authors: Kochanowska Anna , Knop Kinga , Piasecka Zuzanna , Kowalczuk Maria , Rudzki Grzegorz 
Published: June 2022

Background
Nowadays, we can distinguish more than two types of diabetes mellitus. Due to blood glucose measurement and genetic tests, different types of diabetes (such as autoimmune, monogenetic, atypical) can be detected. Despite the constantly updated recommendations and the progress of diagnostic tests, making a diagnosis may be difficult.
Case report
A 23-year old patient was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology due to diagnosed diabetes mellitus to determine its primary cause. Elevated blood glucose level was identified during periodic medical test and was confirmed by OGTT test. In the patient’s medical history: Ollier’s disease with multiple enchondromas, treated surgically in childhood, no typical symptoms and risk factors of hyperglycaemia. During hospitalization the laboratory tests showed decreased level of C-peptide, nevertheless the patient represented acceptable levels of glycaemia following only by diet restriction. MODY, LADA and diabetes due to Ollier’s disease was speculated. Due to suspicion of autoimmunological cause the diagnostic was extended by testing antibodies: IAA, IA2, GAD, IC, which confirmation allowed to recognise untypical diabetes mellitus type 1. The patient objected to insulin treatment, limited it only to a diet and maintained normoglycemia for 15months. However, after an increase in glycaemia and in HbA1c, insulin therapy was introduced.
Disscussion with conclusion
Atypical course of diabetes should be considered in patients with a known disorder or with comorbidities associated with diabetes and without typical symptoms of hyperglycaemia. Atypical forms of diabetes are uncommon and require etiology-specific therapies.
Gone with the Vol: A Decline in Asset Return Predictability During the Great Moderation
Authors: Hsu Alex , Palomino Francisco , Qian Liang 
Published: June 2022

We document and examine a significant shift in the comovement of asset returns and macroeconomic volatility during the Great Moderation. Strong U.S. stock and bond return predictability from several macroeconomic volatility series before 1982 was followed by a significant predictability decline during the Great Moderation (1982–2008). These findings are robust to alternative empirical specifications and out-of-sample tests. In a calibrated equilibrium model with time-varying volatility, the predictability decline requires changes in several model elements. Lower return predictability is consistent with stronger policy responses to inflation and output, a larger slope in the New Keynesian Phillips curve, and reduced sensitivity of both macroeconomic and financial variables to a volatility factor. Our results contribute to the examination of macroeconomic volatility as a driver of expected asset returns and the instability in predictive regressions. We further identify sources of the Great Moderation using asset price dynamics. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Supplemental Material: Data files and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4429 .