bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Naragansett’ Crabapple
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Malus × ‘Naragansett’ combines multiple disease resistance and superior ornamental characteristics for reduced landscape maintenance. Crabapples are of utmost significance to the nursery industry, landscape architects, and gardeners alike as they are the most versatile and widely cultivated small landscape tree throughout the northern United States and southern Canada. ‘Naragansett’ is a noteworthy addition to the long list of crab-apple cultivars, as very few combine disease resistance and superior landscape characteristics. In the recent survey by Nichols (2), only three of the 48 recommended cultivars, species, and varieties of the more than 700 surveyed were disease free, while the other 45 displayed varying degrees of resistance or tolerance. ‘Naragansett's’ growth habit is in scale with many landscape situations, and the plant requires low maintenance due to its open branch structure and disease resistance.
‘Parbhani Kranti’, a Yellow Vein Mosaic-resistant Okra
Authors: Jambhale Narayan D. , Nerkar Yogendra S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Parbhani Kranti’ (PBNO 57) is an okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] resistant to yellow vein mosaic (YVM) disease. YVM is the most serious disease of okra in India, and the causative virus is transmitted by the white fly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.). The disease not only reduces yield substantially (10% to 93%) but also affects marketability of the fruits. There is no source of resistance in the cultivated species (2, 7). Some related species are resistant to the YVM disease (1, 8). YVM resistance of A. manihot (L.) Medic., a related wild species, is controlled by a single dominant gene (3).
Clonal Multiplication of Gerbera through Tissue Culture1
Authors: Murashige Toshio , Serpa Maria , Jones Jeanne B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A tissue culture method for rapid clonal multiplication of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus is described. Shoot tips are used as initial explants, but the multiplication is accomplished by repeatedly separating and reculturing the miniature divisions which arise from shoot tips. The procedure requires two principle steps in vitro: increase of divisions and preparation of divisions for transfer to soil.
Influence of SADH on Response of ‘McIntosh’ Apples to Chemical Thinning Sprays1
Authors: Leuty S. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) applied one 01 two consecutive seasons for preharvest drop control did not significantly reduce response of ‘McIntosh’ apples to chemical thinning treatments the following year, and increased dosage of thinning chemicals was not warranted. Pronounced reductions in size of mature fruit the following season induced as a carryover effect of SADH, emphasized the need for chemical thinning. Combinations of carbaryl (Sevin) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) generally enhanced size of SADH inhibited fruit, whereas high levels of NAA failed.
Association of Prionus Root Borers with Nutrition, Growth and Yield of Pecan, Carya illinoensis Koch1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Payne Jerry A. , Jones Laurence S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaflet weight, shoot length, and yield were less while alternate bearing and Prionus beetle emergence were greater from declining than normal trees. Potassium and Ca concentration in leaflets from declining trees was less than in those from normal trees. However, Prionus infestation of declining trees was not a secondary effect of currently existing nutrient shortages or excesses.
Soil Temperature and Iron Uptake in Young Citrus Plants1
Authors: Wallihan E. F. , Garber M. J. , Sharpless R. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Established seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [Linn.] Osbeck) and sour orange (C aurantium L.) in acid (pH 6.2) or limed (pH 7.8) soil were subjected to soil temperatures of 16, 19, and 22°C for a period of 10 weeks. Shoot growth, total Fe content of the new shoot, and leaf Fe concn increased linearly with temperature. Chlorosis occurred only in sweet orange grown in limed soil at 16°C, which coincides with the lowest leaf Fe concn.
Fragaria chiloensis Clones Resistant to the Strawberry Aphid1
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Barritt Bruce H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ‘Del Norte’ and ‘Yaquina’ clones of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne exhibited a high degree of resistance to the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), but a third clone, ‘OR-US 3162’, was very susceptible. Resistance of ‘Del Norte’ was transmitted to progeny when crossed with commercial strawberry cultivars, Fragaria × ananassa Duch. None of 30 commercial strawberry cultivars and advanced selections tested showed resistance to this aphid.
Can American Universities Provide Appropriate Graduate Education in Horticulture for Students from the Less-Affluent Countries?
Authors: Chandler Robert F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although I left the field of horticulture in 1934 and returned to it (as an administrator at that) only in 1972, I have been involved during the past two decades to some degree with graduate education and other training programs for foreign students. I shall rely here on whatever I have gained from that experience, which should contain a few common denominators applicable to the problems of training horticulturists.
An Inexpensive Method for the Study of Root Growth in Containers of Solid Media1
Authors: Murdoch C. L. , Criley R. A. , Fukuda S. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method was developed for observing root growth utilizing polyvinyl chloride pipe with a removable observation window. The simplicity of the equipment and its ability to permit application of soil compactive forces made it ideal for studies on the effects of soil compaction on root growth. It has also proven to be a valuable teaching aid in horticulture laboratory demonstrations.
Relationship Between Top/Root Ratio and Thiocyanate Content in Roots of Radishes and Turnips1
Authors: Chong Calvin , Bible B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A high correlation was found between top/root ratio and thiocyanate content in marketable roots of 12 cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and 4 cultivars of turnip (Brassica rapa L.). This relationship offers a simple and rapidly determined index of relative toxicity of these species.
Improving the Survival of Aseptically-cultured Asparagus Plants in Transplanting1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen , Clore W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Survival of Asparagus officinalis L. transplants in soil was significantly improved with a minimum of labor when they were first transplanted into the Jiffy 7 peat pots from aseptic culture and grown under intermittent mist for 5 to 8 days.
Boron Nutrition and Acid-soluble Phosphorus Compounds in Bean Roots1
Authors: Teare I. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedling roots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Top Crop) grown in boron-deficient, B-toxic, or complete hydroponk nutrient solutions (control), were measured and analyzed for acid-soluble phosphorous compounds. Phosphate esters, separated on ion exchange columns, were identified by cochromatography and chemical analysis. B deficient roots contained approximately half the P per g dry weight as the control. The principal reduction was in the inorganic P fraction. Storage forms of P (ATP, inositol di-P, inositol tri-P, and inositol hexa-P) and hexose-P also were reduced in deficient treatments. B toxicity resulted in fewer metabolic changes.
Performance of Woody Ornamentals in Municipal Compost Medium under Nine Fertilizer Regimes1
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Martin Willis C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dry weight and total plant height of Hex cornuta IindL cv. Burfordii and Thuja occidentalis L. were greater in municipal compost-amended medium than in sphagnum peat moss-amended medium. Viburnum burkwoodii Burkwood did not show any differences in the two media. Generally, constant and biweekly liquid fertilizer regimes produced more growth than other regimes.
‘Comanche’ Blackberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown Elvin , Sistrunk W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As the availability of harvest labor has decreased, fresh blackberries have become scarce in retail outlets. This scarcity has resulted in the development of highly successful ‘pick-your-own” fruit operations in recent years. The most successful of such operations utilizes cultivars that are of good quality and produce large, attractive fruits. ‘Comanche’ has the characteristics needed for a fresh market blackberry. In addition, it can be mechanically harvested for processing.
‘Noble’ Muscadine Grape1
Authors: Nesbitt W. B. , Carroll D. E. , Underwood V. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Noble’ is a black-fruited Vitis rotundifolia Michx., cultivar released by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. It is perfect-flowered, self-fruitful, high yielding, winter hardy, vigorous and resistant to berry shattering. Fruits of ‘Noble’ can be made into good to excellent red muscadine wine, unfermented juice and jelly, and are of good table quality.
A Model for Estimating the Completion of Rest for ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Elberta’ Peach Trees1
Authors: Arlo Richardson E. , Seeley Schuyler D. , Walker David R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A mathematical model relating environmental temperatures to rest completion of 2 peach cultivars has been developed. The model equates temperatures to effective chill-units, such that, one can predict when rest will or has been completed with a high degree of accuracy.
Control of Peach Disease with Benomyl in Full and Modified Schedules1
Authors: Chandler W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In fungicide tests using recommended rates of fungicide on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], benomyl in a full season schedule was significantly better than captan against scab and brown rot in 3 out of 4 tests. A 6 application schedule, omitting several cover sprays, was never significantly better than the full captan schedule in the same tests. Bloom sprays did not result in improved brown rot control in 5 tests.
Fruit Set as Related to Girdling, Early Cluster Thinning and Pruning of ‘Anjou’ and ‘Comice’ Pear1
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Bjornstad H. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tests with pear on P. communis L. and ‘E. M. Quince C’ (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) rootstocks showed that early fruit thinning to 1 fruit per cluster increased ultimate % fruit set of ‘Comice’; thinning to 2 fruits per cluster did not increase ultimate set Limb girdling 3 weeks after bloom did not effectively increase set, but when used in combination with cluster thinning, increased ‘Anjou’ set beyond either treatment alone. Heading-back pruning of ‘Comice’ on ‘Quince C’ in a high density plot increased both fruit set and ultimate yield relative to thinning-out pruning.
Cold Storage and Handling of Red Raspberry Planting Stock1
Authors: Barritt Bruce H. , Torre Louis C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant mortality from early April or later plantings of dormant ‘Willamette’ red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) stock dug from propagation field in February and placed in cold storage (-1.1° and 1.7°C) was never higher than 3.1% as compared to as high as 24% from heeled in and freshly dug plants. Cold-stored plants produced comparable growth to heeled in and freshly dug plants. Pre- and postharvest dips with N-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (captan) and methyl 1-(butyl carbamoyl) 2-benzimidazolecarbainate (benomyl) did not influence mortality or plant growth, nor did the addition of sawdust, peat moss or vermiculite as moist packing materials in cold storage. Planting stock with cane diameters greater than 6.4 mm had lower mortality and produced more growth than stock with canes less than 6.4 mm in diameter. Plant growth from propagation stocks was negatively correlated with planting date.
Selective Thinning of Black Barrenberry Fruit in Lowbush Blueberry Fields with Ethephon1
Authors: Ismail Amr A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied at 1.12, 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha to mixed black barrenberry (Aronia melanocarpa Willd. — syn. chokepear and black chokeberry, Pyrus melanocarpa Willd.) and native lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait) stands at early stages of fruit set and development, effectively thinned black barrenberry fruit without adversely affecting the lowbush blueberry fruit yield or quality.
Response of Woody Ornamentals to a Fatty Acid Pinching Agent1
Authors: Williams David J. , Moser Bruno C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sprays of 4% Off-Shoot-O (45% methyl esters of fatty acids, 4% C6, 56% C8, 38% C10, 2% C12) to container-grown Cotoneaster divaricata Rehd. & Wils., Pyracantha coccinea Roem. cv. Lalandi and Rhododendron carolinianum Rehd. at the beginning of each of 2 growing seasons increased shoots over unpruned plants but reduced fruit clusters of pyracantha. Sprays maintained hedge height of cotoneaster but not Forsythia X intermedia Zobel or privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk).
Sprouting of Sweet Potatoes from Root Pieces as Influenced by Gibberellic Acid or Ethephon1
Authors: Tompkins D. R. , Horton R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In field plantings, root pieces of ‘Centennial’, ‘Julian’, and ‘Jewel’ sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) treated with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) sprouted earlier than controls. Ethephon treatments increased the number of sprouts on ‘Centennial’ root pieces. In some tests, ethephon treated root pieces had increased yields of storage roots. Gibberellic acid (GA) increased the number of sprouts per root piece but did not influence the percentage of sprouted root pieces. GA promoted the growth of enlarged root pieces with few storage roots.
Severity of Race 2 of Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.)Poll. on Muskmelon Introductions Reported Resistant to Powdery Mildew1
Authors: Sowell Grover , Corley W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
About a quarter of the plant introductions of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) reported resistant to powdery mildew were as resistant to Sphaerotheca fuliginea race 2 as ‘PMR6’ and ‘Georgia 47’; about half were intermediate in resistance and the other quarter were susceptible. PI 234607, ‘Georgia 47’, and ‘PMR6’ were considered the most useful because of high resistance to race 2 and good quality.
Response of Okra to Plant Density and Fertilization1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant density of okra (Hibiscus esculentus L. cv. Clemson Spineless) was varied from 16, 32, to 64 plants/m2 using 1 or 2 rows/bed and 2.5 or 5 cm in the row spacing. Yield per unit area increased linearly with plant density on a double logarithmic scale. Plant density and pod size were inversely related while the percent marketable pods were unaffected by treatments. The fertility rate did not affect yield responses, but the higher rate increased soil soluble salts, K, and NO3.
The Hard Side of Cider
Authors: Lombard P. B. , Williams R. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cider is a fermented drink from cider apples which are characterized by a bitter tart flavor and coarse texture. Cider is the cheapest alcoholic drink found in the English pub or markets, priced as low as 34 cents for a 38 ounce bottle. The drink, which is generally dry with a roughness uncommon to our apple juice, can be purchased as sweet or dry and as “still” or carbonated cider of 3 to 8% alcoholic content.
Influence of Mulch on Residue Accumulation and on Injury to ‘Richhaven’ Peach trees from 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile (Dichlobenil)1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Damon R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hay mulch applied only the year of planting under ‘Richhaven’ peach trees reduced foliar injury following annual applications of dichlobenil. Dichlobenil residues were greater than those of its breakdown product, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), in mulch and at 0-15 cm soil depth under mulch. Mulch did not reduce amount of dichlobenil in soil. Only dichlobenil at 13.44 kg/ha, twice the rate labeled for usage under fruit trees, applied on mulch residue partially prevented an influx of annual weeds.
Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Cold Hardiness of Peach Scion-Rootstock Combinations1
Authors: Ormrod D. P. , Layne R. E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eleven peach scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated for cold hardiness by controlled freezing after acclimation in controlled environments at temperatures of 20/14 or 10/4°C day/night and photoperiods of 9, 12 or 15 hours. Temperature and scion cultivar had much greater effects on cold hardiness of buds and bark than did photoperiod or rootstock. Trees held at 10/4° were more cold hardy than those held at 20/14°. ‘Siberian C’ scions were more cold hardy than ‘Harrow Blood’ or ‘Elberta’ scions. Short days increased cold acclimation of fruit buds at 20/14° but not at 10/4°. Rootstock influence on scion acclimation was small but some cultivar differences were apparent.
Scholander Pressure Bomb Technique to Assess the Relative Leaf Water Stress of ‘Orlando’ Tangelo Scion as Influenced by Various Citrus Rootstocks1
Authors: Crocker T. E. , Bell W. D. , Bartholic J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A modified Scholander pressure bomb was sensitive enough to detect significant differences in relative leaf water stress among ‘Orlando’ tangelo (Citrus reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Mact) on several rootstocks. Leaf water potential for the rootstocks ranged from -7.9 bars for rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) to -13.7 bars for those on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.). There was a diurnal pattern in leaf water stress. Modifications and procedures for the pressure bomb measurements are described.
Floral Anatomy of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. Gallatin 50 and Oregon 581
Authors: Wivutvongvana M. , Mack H. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anatomical and morphological studies were made on ‘Gallatin 50’ and ‘Oregon 58’ bush snap beans. The first leaf primordium was observed 3 to 4 days after planting. Four or 5 leaf primordia were formed in spiral phyllotaxy with plastochrons lasting 1 day or less. The first floral primordium occurred in the axil of the uppermost leaf 7 to 9 days after planting. Floral parts became discernible 5 days later.
Response of Cucumber to Soil and Foliar Application of Ethephon1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. , Phatak Sharad C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In field experiments with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on both sandy and clay loam soils (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 125 or 250 ppm applied twice to the foliage was more effective in promoting pistillate flowers and yield on ‘Wisconsin SMR 58’, a monoecious cultivar, than granular ethephon applied at various rates as a sidedress at planting, placed directly on the seed at planting, or applied as a sidedress in the first true-leaf stage. Foliar sprays on ‘Pioneer’ were effective in reducing the number of staminate and increasing the number of pistillate flowers. However, ethephon applied by any method did not increase yields in ‘Pioneer’, a predominantly pistillate cultivar.
Lettuce: Evolution of a Weedy Cinderella Presidential Address
Authors: Whitaker Thomas W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thomas Wallace Whitaker was born August 13, 1905 at Monrovia, California. He married Mary Summerville (now deceased) of White Post, Virginia in 1931. He has a son, Thomas Jr., who works in insurance investments; a daughter, Beverly Rodgers, who teaches English and Spanish literature; and 5 grandchildren.
Postharvest Responses of Vegetables to Preharvest Field Temperature1
Authors: Kader A. A. , Lyons J. M. , Morris L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Preharvest field temperatures can influence composition and quality of vegetables at harvest as well as their postharvest responses. Temperatures which injure or weaken the tissues prior to harvest will reduce storage life and increase susceptibility to decay.
Freezing temperatures in the field can greatly reduce storage life. In addition, many vegetables suffer injury when exposed for certain periods of time to temperatures above freezing but below about 10°C. This injury, termed chilling injury, is most often associated with vegetables of tropical and subtropical origin; however, some temperate-zone vegetables can be injured by low, but non-freezing, temperatures.
High field temperatures can result in physiological disorders and increased deterioration. High field temperatures can induce injury visible at harvest, such as sunburn or sunscald; however, serious problems can also occur during storage and handling following injury which was not visible at harvest.
Careers in Horticulture
Authors: Kessler George M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticulture is both an art as old as the Garden of Eden and a science as new as tomorrow. It is a hobby to some, and a profession to others. But, in any case, horticulture deals with the development, growth, distribution, and utilization of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Horticulture enriches our lives with nutritious, flavorsome foods and the beauty and utility of decorative plants.
It is possible to obtain horticultural training in high schools and vocational schools, in arboreta and public gardens, in junior colleges, and state universities where a student may earn not only a Bachelor of Science (BS), but also a Master's (MS) or Doctorate (PhD) degree. Early horticulture work experience will assist in making the decision whether this career is the one to pursue and at what educational level.
The following job descriptions are provided to illustrate the kinds of positions for which college graduates in horticulture can qualify and what these jobs involve. Although a number of the jobs described do not necessarily require a college degree, they are included because college graduates often take them as stepping stones to higher positions. These descriptions are divided into two categories: 1) specific category jobs which require a more specialized background in horticulture such as knowledge pertaining to fruits, vegetables, floriculture (greenhouse-grown flowers and potted plants), and horticulture therapy; 2) general category jobs which either require a broad background in horticulture, or are similar in nature within all horticultural areas.
Minimum Number of Short Days for Production of High Quality Standard Chrysanthemums1
Authors: Kofranek A. M. , Halevy A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Natural daylengths in summer at 38°N latitude are partially inductive for Chrysanthemum morifolium, Ramat. cvs. Albatross and Escapade. This is indicated by the number of nodes to the terminal bud in natural daylength compared to a night break treatment. One week of short days (SD) is enough to fully satisfy induction of the terminal bud as expressed by the number of nodes to flower. Three to four weeks SD are ample for the development of high quality flowers equal to those grown under continuous SD; there was no significant delay in flowering.