bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed-Loop Trajectory Tracking Control of a Cable-Driven Continuum Robot With Integrated Draw Tower Grating Sensor Feedback
Authors: Cao Yongfeng , Feng Fan , Liu Zefeng , Xie Le 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to the inherent deformability of continuum robots (CRs), closed-loop control strategies of CRs come with some challenges, including sensor integration within a limited dimension and uncertainties with the CR system. In this paper, to obtain the spatial shape information and tip position of a cable-driven CR, a draw tower grating (DTG) sensor is integrated. A shape sensing algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the shape of the CR based on the relation between the DTG sensor and the CR centerline. Then, with the feedback information of the DTG sensor, a damped least-squares (DLS)-based closed-loop controller is implemented to improve the trajectory tracking performance of the CR. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, comparative experiments are performed.
Geon 14 to early Geon 13 granitoid magmatism in the Grenville Province of Canada, northeastern Laurentia: Distribution, geochemical patterns, and links with an active-margin setting
Authors: Indares* Aphrodite , Moukhsil Abdelali , Groulier Pierre-Arthur 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Mesoproterozoic crust is widely exposed in the Grenville Province portion of northeastern Laurentia, where it is interpreted as an assemblage of two continental-arc segments separated by a composite arc belt (Quebecia) with island-arc remnants. A synthesis of the geologic context, types, and geochemical patterns of 1.5–1.35 Ga granitoids reveals a regional distribution in each segment, with dioritic to granitic plutonism variably associated with arc-related volcano-sedimentary belts in the south and inboard monzonitic to granitic plutonism in the north. In addition, belts of dioritic to granitic orthogneisses occupy intermediate positions in Quebecia and in the west. The inboard granites are consistently old in all segments (1.5–1.45 Ga), but the preserved volcano-sedimentary belts are older in the east and in Quebecia (1.5–1.45 Ga) and younger in the west (1.39? and 1.36 Ga), while the belts of orthogneisses show a large spread of ages at 1.45–1.37 Ga. Granitoids in the volcano-sedimentary belts and the orthogneisses include magnesian, calcic to calc-alkalic components to ferroan, alkali-calcic components. In contrast, the inboard plutons are dominantly ferroan and alkali-calcic to alkalic in the continental-arc segments, where they are locally associated with anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suites. Collectively, the different types of granitoid magmatism can be linked to an active margin, with subduction under northeastern Laurentia, involving arc building, arc rifting, back-arc opening and inboard extension, and amalgamation processes variably operating at different parts of the margin and at different times. In addition, the data provide a basis for comparison with other parts of the eastern to southwestern Laurentian margin in the 1.5–1.35 Ga time frame.
Effects of enhanced recovery after surgery plus pulmonary rehabilitation on complications after video-assisted lung cancer surgery: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zheng Yu , Mao Mao , Li Fang , Wang Lu , Zhang Xintong , Zhang Xiu , Wang Haiming , Zhou Huiqing , Ji Meifang , Wang Yulong , Liu Liang , Zhu Quan , Reinhardt Jan D , Lu Xiao 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLung cancer surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We evaluated whether enhanced recovery after surgery plus pulmonary rehabilitation was superior over enhanced recovery after surgery alone in reducing the incidence of postoperative PPCs and length of hospital stay.MethodsIn this pragmatic multicentre, randomised controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, eligible patients scheduled for video-assisted lung cancer surgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a newly developed programme that integrated preoperative and postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation components into a generic thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery pathway, or routine thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery. Primary outcome was the overall occurrence of PPCs within 2 weeks after surgery. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of specific complications, time to removal of chest drain, and length of hospital stay (LOS).ResultsOf 428 patients scheduled for lung cancer surgery, 374 were randomised with 187 allocated to the experimental programme and 187 to control. Incidence of PPCs at 14 Days was 18.7% (35/187) in the experimental group and 33.2% (62/187) in the control group (intention-to-treat, unadjusted HR 0.524, 95% CI 0.347 to 0.792, p=0.002). Particularly, significant risk reduction was observed regarding pleural effusion, pneumonia and atelectasis. Time to removal of chest drain and LOS were not significantly reduced in the experimental group.ConclusionsAdding pulmonary rehabilitation to enhanced recovery after surgery appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of PPCs, but not LOS. Standard integration of pulmonary rehabilitation into thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery is a promising approach to PPC prophylaxis.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900024646.
Effects of Discharge/Charge Cycles on Inner Structures of Laminated Cells of Lithium Air Batteries By X-Ray CT, SEM/EDS and FIB-SEM/EDS
Authors: Uosaki Kohei , Kimura Shin 
Published: July 2022

Lithium-air battery (LAB) is considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices because of its large theoretical energy density. However, low cyclability caused by battery degradation prevents its practical use.
Here we employed X-ray CT to monitor the structural development of laminated cell of lithium air batteries without dismantling the cells. The results are compared with those of SEM/EDS and FIB-SEM/EDS analyses, which were carried out after dismantling the cells.
Figure 1 shows XCT images of cross section and slice of laminated cell of lithium air battery after several discharge/charge cycles. Each component is well resolved. Figure 2 shows XCT images of cross section of laminated cell of lithium air battery (a) as prepared, and after (b) one, and (c) ten discharge/charge cycles. It is clear lithium became porous even just after one cycle. The porous layer became much thicker after 10 cycles. For detailed understanding of the structure of the porous layer of lithium, the cells were dismantled and were subject to SEM/EDS and FIB-SEM/EDS analyses. Degradation of lithium layer was much less significant if the anode and cathode were separated by solid electrolyte (Ohara). Detailed results and advantages of XCT will discussed.

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Membrane-Less Redox Flow Batteries: A Split Biphasic Architecture
Authors: Chakraborty Arunavo , Sepunaru Lior , Menard Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are leading contenders for grid-scale energy storage devices. 1. RFBs can be rapidly deployed and demonstrate high durability (>10,000 cycles2), making them appealing for long-term energy storage. Despite these advantages, commercial RFBs are hampered by high capital costs. Ion-selective membranes in RFB cell stacks make up a significant fraction (up to ~37% 3) of the RFB cost – for both new RFBs and expanding existing RFBs. The need for a large membrane area in the cell stacks stems from the cell power capacity (maximum charge-discharge current) being directly dependent on the membrane size.
In this talk, we report our progress on a new RFB layout coined the “split biphasic architecture.” This is a development on membrane-less biphasic RFBs which use mutually immiscible phases for the anolyte and catholyte4. Self-discharge at the anolyte-catholyte interface is a rampant issue in these biphasic RFBs, and we discuss our approach to resolving this issue and increasing Coulombic efficiencies from ~70% to >99%. Further, we will discuss trends in interfacial ion transfer resistance vis-a-vis dependence on the solvents and electrolytes (Hoffmeister series). Building on this fundamental proof-of-concept, we hope to extend the scope of battery chemistry compatible with the split biphasic layout in the future.
(1) Skyllas-Kazacos et al., J. Electrochem. Soc.
2011, 158 (8), R55
(2) Janoschka et. al., Nature
2015, 527 (7576), 78–81
(3) Minke, C.; Kunz, U.; Turek, T., J. Power Sources
2017, 361, 105–114
(4) Molina-Osorio, et. al., Curr.
Opin. Electrochem.
2020, 21, 100–108

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Application-Oriented Analysis of Ageing Processes Using the Example of Li-C Half Cells
Authors: Petit Jan , Brizoti Marquezini Pedro , Joos Martin , Hagen Markus , Tübke Jens 
Published: July 2022

Mechanical modifications or harmful side reactions are undesirable ageing effects that can occur during cycling. These phenomena have a negative impact on cell performance and consequently limit cycling stability. The focus here is on investigations of ageing processes such as volume changes and electrolyte decomposition during cycling.
Thickness measurements as well as gas analytical studies of Li-C half cells with a carbonate-based electrolyte are presented. Graphite and Hard Carbon, respectively, were used as carbon materials. The electrolyte applied consists of 1M LiPF6 in EC:DMC (1:1, wt). All investigations were carried out using specially developed multifunctional test setups and accordingly modified test cells.
Application-oriented analysis such as gas analysis, thickness measurements or both combined are suitable methods to define operating parameter, to benchmark and to identify decomposition reactions.In-operando electrochemical dilatometry was conducted to check whether an irreversible increase in thickness occurred. On the corresponding cell configurations, the dilatation was recorded over the entire electrode stack as well as of the separate working electrode only.Furthermore, in-operando MS could be used to detect gaseous substances produced by (electro)chemical processes as a function of the state of charge. With the GC-MS, a post-mortem analysis could be performed to identify the individual substances qualitatively.
Results of the different half cells are shown and can be compared with each other. A detailed relationship can be demonstrated between the change in thickness and the potential curve. Moreover, any emerging Li-plating is clearly detectable. Among others, carbon dioxide, ethane as well as ethene were identified as degradation products of the carbonate-based electrolyte and are formed during the charging process. In addition, possible correlations between gas evolution and thickness changes can be shown.
These analytical studies make an important contribution to get a more detailed insight into ageing processes that take place. The possible combination of in-operando dilatometry with in-operando mass spectrometry opens up new interesting perspectives to analyse cell performance. Finally, the shown results lead to a better understanding and help to develop appropriate countermeasures in order to reduce the negative effects and thus to ensure a higher cycling stability.
This work is supported by the Fraunhofer and Max Planck cooperation program (Germany) in the project “ClusterBatt” with Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Dresden and Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces MPIKG, Potsdam.

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(Digital Presentation) Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-ion Battery Cells and Modules
Authors: Belt Jeffrey , Sorensen Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Lithium-ion battery technology is a critical enabling technology to the advancement of electric propulsion transportation. Cost, Life, Performance, and Safety have been the main impediments for the application of batteries for use in Automotive and Aviation markets. Cost, life, and performance have been improving for the last decade.1 However, safety with respect to thermal runaway propensity continues to be a challenge for both automotive and especially aviation electric propulsion due to the energetic nature of the technology. Complete thermal runaway containment is required to obtain FAA certification for passenger safety for aviation applications. Consequently, an evaluation of the thermal runaway characteristics will be discussed.
Thermal runaway propagation analysis at the cell and module level was performed on a suite of Samsung 30Q 18650 cylindrical cells. Measurements such as cell enthalpy, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and thermal runaway onset and initiation temperatures (shown in Figure 1 & 2) were collected and shown to be consistent by means of accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC). Results for ten 30Q cells are shown in Figure 3. This study showed, using the X-57 module billet as a thermal runaway propagation mitigation strategy, wherein the cell energy was successfully absorbed during a failure event in the module and prevented thermal runaway propagation from between cells.
The results show the 30Q cell average maximum temperature is 375°C and the average initiation temperature is 195°C. The average mass lost was 33.1 grams. The stochastic nature of the results indicates the need to test a larger than normal sample to obtain a good statistical sample. These values become critical design points for the module containment strategy. Module level, cell to cell propagation tests will also be evaluated, showing the fulfillment of the module design strategy to eliminate cell to cell propagation.

References

courtesy of Bloomberg NEF 2021

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(Digital Presentation) Industrial Transition and Methods to Apply Metallic Alloys and Composites By Electrodeposition
Authors: Hall Timothy 
Published: July 2022

Faraday Technology Inc. is a research, development and engineering firm developing electrochemical innovations based has pulse/pulse reverse electrolytic principles [1]. With that founding basis Faraday has been able to bridge the gap between academic understanding and small scale demonstration to commercialization of practical components over 30 years of operation.
This presentation will discuss a broad range of alloy and composite deposition programs that have been carried out at Faraday. These include functionally graded NiMo, CeO2 inclusion in NiMo, CrAlY inclusions in NiCo, NiCoCr alloy deposition, and so on. We intend the presentation to give a perspective on the challenges associated with transitioning electrodeposition technologies from coupons to components. We also want to demonstrate the potential to achieve success during these challenging transitions by tuning the electrochemical device and method. Finally, we will try to identify similarities and differences in the observed challenges and ways that many could be overcome either by electrochemical engineering, process developments, or program planning.
Operando X-Ray Diffraction Nanoimaging of Advanced Cathodes
Authors: Martens Isaac , Vostrov Nikita , Mirolo Marta , Drnec Jakub , Schulli Tobias , Zhu Xiaobo 
Published: July 2022

Techniques capable of probing active materials in situ are increasingly needed to link cell performance data with nanostructural evolution inside functional devices. Rapid improvements in spatial and temporal resolution of X-ray nanomicroscopy and high-energy diffraction facilitated by new 4th-gen synchrotrons offer a powerful platform for investigating phase transitions inside advanced cathode materials. We show how the latest methodologies can be used to evaluate the mechanism of phase transitions at the nanoscale, linked to degradation processes inside commercially relevant cells.
"Single crystal" cathode active materials have garnered incredible academic and industrial interest in the past several years. Despite extensive electrochemical performance validation, there remain very few tools capable of evaluating the quality and consistency of these materials. Scanning X-ray nanodiffraction microscopy reveals the hidden microstructure and defects inside nominally single crystal cathode particles established during their fabrication. In situ nanodiffraction imaging provides further insight towards the link between this microstructure and functional properties such as high voltage stability inside individual crystallites during cycling.
(Digital Presentation) HF-Free, Pulse-Reverse Electrochemical Machining of Tantalum
Authors: Moran Andrew , Skinn Brian , Snyder Stephen , Hall Timothy 
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a manufacturing technology wherein metal is precisely removed by electrochemical oxidation and dissolution/dispersal into an electrolyte solution. ECM is especially well suited for “difficult to cut” materials (high strength/toughness, work-hardening, etc.) such as high strength steel, chrome-copper alloy (C18200), nickel alloy (IN718), cobalt-chrome alloy (Stellite 25) and tantalum-tungsten alloy (Ta10W) since the material removal process involves no mechanical interaction between the tool and the part. In ECM, an electrochemical cell is established wherein the workpiece is the anode and the tool is the cathode; by relative movement of the shaped tool into the workpiece while applying a suitable electrical voltage, the mirror image of the tool is “copied” into the workpiece. Production of parts with complicated and intricate geometries can thus be achieved in these challenging materials by design of a suitably-shaped tool made from a much more easily-machinable material. Compared to mechanical or thermal machining processes, where metal is removed by cutting or electric discharge/laser machining, respectively, ECM does not suffer from tool wear or result in a thermally damaged surface layer on the workpiece. Additionally, the use of pulse and/or pulse-reverse electrical waveforms can enable successful ECM of even highly passive materials using benign, HF-free electrolytes.
Advanced materials such as refractories (e.g., W, Mo, Ta, and their alloys) provide highly desirable characteristics such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and survivability in extreme environments (high temperature, high chemical reactivity, plasma exposure, etc.). As motivation to adopt these materials has increased, conventional fabrication methods have proven progressively less able to successfully machine workpieces of the myriad needed geometries. ECM is a natural non-conventional fabrication method for these materials and workpieces, for the reasons described above. In this talk, we will present results from a proof-of-concept demonstration of pulse-reverse ECM of linear grooves in flat Ta and Ta10W alloy coupons using benign electrolytes, illustrating the potential for cost-effective, safe, environmentally-friendly fabrication using these exotic materials.
(Electronics and Photonics Division Award) The Impact of Defects on the Performance of Semiconductor Devices and Materials
Authors: Simoen Eddy , Takakura K. , Hsu Brent , Claeys Cor 
Published: July 2022

Since the early days of the semiconductor industry, defect control has been key to the successful development of devices and circuits. It requires a thorough understanding of their formation and the impact on the electrical material parameters. This has only been possible by the invention of powerful structural, chemical and electrical characterization tools, with the device itself perhaps as the most sensitive probe. This evolution was paralleled by the development of ab initio calculation methods, based on Density Functional Theory and more recently, also TCAD tools allowing more and more refined modelling of the impact of defects on the electrical characteristics of devices.
The implementation of other materials than Si and SiO2 in CMOS through the hetero-epitaxial growth on a silicon substrate for example, has renewed the interest in defect engineering during the last two decades, leading to single-defect analysis methods like Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) [1] or novel growth schemes like Aspect Ratio Trapping (ART) [2] for the removal of extended defects from the device active regions.
In this presentation, some state-of-the-art analysis techniques will be highlighted, including Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) [3], Generation-Recombination (GR) noise and RTN spectroscopy [1,4] and p-n diode lifetime analysis [5]. These methods will be applied to several case studies. As shown in Fig. 1, threading extended defects impact the recombination lifetime of lowly-doped n-type In0.47Ga0.53As starting from a density of a few 107 cm-2. Likewise, it will be demonstrated that the GR noise observed in GaN-on-Si MOSHEMTs (Fig. 2) most likely originates from threading dislocations [6]. It is concluded that when hetero-epitaxial layers can be grown with a sufficiently low defect density, their impact will be more on the variability of the electrical parameters rather than on the effective values. In addition, the position of the defect with respect to strategic nodes like a p-n junction or depletion region largely determines its electrical impact, as has been validated by TCAD simulations.

References

[1] E. Simoen and C. Claeys, “Random Telegraph Signals in Semiconductor Devices”, The Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK (2016).
[2] J. Z. Li et al., Appl.
Phys. Lett., 91, p. 021114 (2007).
[3] E. Simoen, J. Lauwaert and H. Vrielinck, Semiconductors and Semimetals, Eds. L. Romano, V. Privitera and C. Jagadish, 91, pp. 205-250, Elsevier 2015.
[4] D. Boudier et al., Solid-St.
Electron., 128, pp. 102-108 (2017).
[5] Po-Chun (Brent) Hsu et al., J. Phys. D: Appl.
Phys., 52, p. 485102 (2019).
[6] K. Takakura et al., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 67, pp. 3062-3068 (2020).

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