bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoS2/TiO2 van der Waals heterostructures for promising photocatalytic performance: a first-principles study
Authors: Tang Yu , Liu Qin , Lei Jiehong , Zhang Min , Yang Hui , Duan Meihong , Ma Xiaoyang , Song Tingting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heterostructures have attracted extensive attention due to their van der Waals interactions between layers. The photocatalysts of Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure based on MoS2 have tempted more and more attention because of their eminent photocatalytic performance, but they are still limited by the weak absorption of visible light and lesser conversion efficiency of solar-to-hydrogen. In this work, we exhaustively investigate the electronic, optical and the structural properties of 2D MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures by using first-principles calculations. The result shows that both MoS2/TiO2(100) and MoS2/TiO2(001) heterostructures are stable interfaces and direct Z-scheme photocatalysts, which is favourable for the separation and migration of electron and hole pairs under the excitation of light. And what’s more, both the MoS2/TiO2(100) and MoS2/TiO2(001) heterostructures exhibit direct band gap at the Γ point, this is conductive to better electronic transition and absorption of light because of lower energy depletion than indirect band gap semiconductors. The relatively small band gap (1.08 eV of MoS2/TiO2(001) and 0.52 eV of MoS2/TiO2(100)) cause the entire visible light region can be covered by the light absorption spectrum. The result is that building heterostructures of TiO2 with MoS2 advances the absorption of light and hastens the separation and migration of electron and hole pairs, the activity of photocatalysis could be advanced by all of these. The results provide a basis of heterostructure photocatalysts based on monolayer MoS2 and deep comprehension of their physical mechanism.
Real-World Trends in the Evaluation of Medical Products
Authors: Hennessy Sean , Berlin Jesse A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is a compelling need to evaluate the real-world health effects of medical products outside of tightly controlled preapproval clinical trials. This is done through pharmacoepidemiology, which is the study of the health effects of medical products (including drugs, biologicals, and medical devices and diagnostics) in populations, often using nonrandomized designs. Recent developments in pharmacoepidemiology span changes in the focus of research questions, research designs, data used, and statistical analysis methods. Developments in these areas are thought to improve the value of the evidence produced by such studies, and are prompting greater use of real-world evidence to inform clinical, regulatory, and reimbursement decisions.
Interrupted versus continuous suture for bronchial anastomosis in lung transplantation: does it matter?
Authors: Gil Barturen Mariana , Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz Jose Luis , Crowley Carrasco Silvana , Romero Román Alejandra , Hoyos Mejía Lucas , Peyró María , Díaz Nuevo Gema , López García-Gallo Cristina , Pérez Redondo Marina , Royuela Vicente Ana , Tanaka Shin , Naranjo Gómez Jose Manuel , Córdoba Peláez Mar , Varela de Ugarte Andrés , Gómez de Antonio David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Bronchial anastomotic complications remain a major concern in lung transplantation. We aim to compare 2 different techniques, continuous suture (CS) versus interrupted suture (IS) by analysing airway complications requiring intervention.

METHODS
Lung transplantations between January 2015 and December 2020 were included. Airway complications requiring intervention were classified following the 2018 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus and analysed comparing 3 groups of patients according to surgical technique: group A, both anastomosis performed with CS; group B, both with interrupted; and group C, IS for 1 side and CS for the contralateral side.

RESULTS
A total of 461 anastomoses were performed in 245 patients. The incidence of airway complications requiring intervention was 5.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8–8.6] per patient (14/245) and 3.7% (95% CI: 2.0–5.4) per anastomosis (17/461). Complications that required intervention were present in 5 out of 164 (3.1%) anastomosis with interrupted technique, and in 12/240 (5%) with CS. No significant differences were found between techniques (P = 0.184). No statistical differences were found among group A, B or C in terms of incidence of anastomotic complications, demographics, transplant outcomes or overall survival (log-rank P = 0.513). In a multivariable analysis, right laterality was significantly associated to complications requiring intervention (OR 3.7 [95% CI: 1.1–12.3], P = 0.030). Endoscopic treatment was successful in 12 patients (85.7%). Retransplantation was necessary in 2 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
In summary, although it seems that anastomotic complications requiring intervention occur more frequently with CS, there are no statistical differences compared to IS. Endoscopic treatment offers good outcomes in most of the airway complications after lung transplantation.
Mixture optimization of synthesized zeolites 4A and 13X for solar adsorption refrigeration application
Authors: Sowunmi A R , Anafi F O , Ajayi O A , Omisanya N O , Obada D O , Oyedeji A N , Salami K A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a way to overcome challenges with global warming, the use of fossil fuels in producing environmentally friendly energy towards reducing the ozone layer depletion and greenhouse gas emissions by participating countries is of interest. The adsorption refrigeration system has the advantages of a long lifespan and its environmental friendliness; however, its major disadvantage is the low coefficient of performance, which is a function of adsorbent–adsorbate, with zeolite–water as the most common adsorbent–adsorbate working pair. Zeolites 4A and 13X are the most used zeolite classes due to their higher selectivity for separating mixtures of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4/N2 and their high-water adsorption capability, respectively. In this study, for the first time, the synthesis of zeolites 4A and 13X from natural sources (Kankara kaolin) and the mixture optimization for solar adsorption refrigeration application were considered. Raw Kankara kaolin, beneficiated Kankara kaolin, calcined Kankara kaolin and synthesized zeolites 4A and 13X were characterized using X-ray fluorescence, while the synthesized zeolites 4A and 13X were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Using the mixture simplex lattice design of experiment, mixtures of zeolites 4A and 13X were developed and characterized using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis to obtain their pore size, specific surface area and pore volume. The statistical analysis produced the mathematical models of the response that were significant for pore size and specific surface area. The analysis proposed an optimal solution of 75 wt% zeolite 4A and 25 wt% zeolite 13X, which gave a desirability of 0.944.
The logic of conditionals on outback trails
Authors: van Benthem Johan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Conditional statements are ubiquitous, from promises and threats to reasoning and decision making. By now, logicians have studied them from many different angles, both semantic and proof-theoretic. This paper suggests two more perspectives on the meaning of conditionals, one dynamic and one geometric, that may throw yet more light on a familiar and yet in some ways surprisingly elusive and many-faceted notion.1
Photosynthetic decline in aging perennial grass is not fully explained by leaf nitrogen
Authors: Tejera Mauricio , Boersma Nicholas N , Archontoulis Sotirios V , Miguez Fernando E , VanLoocke Andy , Heaton Emily A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aging in perennial plants is traditionally observed in terms of changes in end-of-season biomass; however, the driving phenological and physiological changes are poorly understood. We found that 3-year-old (mature) stands of the perennial grass Miscanthus×giganteus had 19–30% lower Anet than 1-year-old M.×giganteus (juvenile) stands; 10–34% lower maximum carboxylation rates of Rubisco and 34% lower light-saturated Anet (Asat). These changes could be related to nitrogen (N) limitations, as mature plants were larger and had 14–34% lower leaf N on an area basis (Na) than juveniles. However, N fertilization restored Na to juvenile levels but compensated only 50% of the observed decline in leaf photosynthesis with age. Comparison of leaf photosynthesis per unit of leaf N (PNUE) showed that mature stands had at least 26% lower PNUE than juvenile stands across all N fertilization rates, suggesting that other factors, besides N, may be limiting photosynthesis in mature stands. We hypothesize that sink limitations in mature stands could be causing feedback inhibition of photosynthesis which is associated with the age-related decline in photosynthesis.
Introduction
Authors: Yeager Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As the introduction of this Oxford Handbook explain, evangelicalism is complicated. Evangelicals are not simply white American Protestant Christians who support the Republican Party. Instead, evangelicals are part of a multifaceted movement that has a rich history stemming from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Evangelicals are Christians who emphasize the authority of the Bible, stress the need for a personal relationship with God, believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God, whose death allowed individuals to partake in eternal salvation, and who support missionary endeavors to share this good news. Despite sharing these common traits, evangelicals often disagree on other theological matters, vary in church polity, and are not limited to one gender or race.
Puritan Legacy
Authors: Hall David D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The seventeenth-century Puritan movement made significant contributions to eighteenth-century Protestant evangelicalism, but evangelicals also abandoned several priorities or principles of the movement. The most significant legacy was an “affective” or “experimental” (in the sense of experienced) understanding of faith, one rooted in the “heart” or inner self, not a matter of outward duties. These, too, mattered, for the Puritan movement endorsed a wide-reaching “reformation of manners” that evangelicals in the next century also endorsed. Theological method, the historic creeds of British “Calvinism,” the nature of the visible church, infant baptism, toleration or close ties between church and state—these also became points of contrast and connection.
Revivalism
Authors: Kidd Thomas S. , Gutacker Paul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes revivalism as a set of beliefs and practices that undergirded the transatlantic evangelical movement. From the 1740s onward, revivalism grew out of the religious awakenings across the North Atlantic world, dramatic events which early evangelicals narrated as extraordinary works of God. The chapter traces the antecedents, development, and legacies of these revivals and maps the ways in which they were interpreted and theorized by evangelicals. It then describes the beliefs that revivalism entailed, which grew from evangelical readings of scripture, history, and current events, as well as the practices that comprised revivals, including outdoor gatherings, small group meetings, prayer services, hymn-singing, and extemporaneous sermons. Moderate and radical evangelicals differed in their approaches to revival, especially in regard to what means were appropriate and the extent to which revivals fit within or undermined the established order. Yet, until the early nineteenth century, evangelicals generally agreed on the basics of revival: the importance of prayer, the centrality of itinerant preaching, and the need to participate in the work of the Holy Spirit converting others to saving faith. The chapter concludes with a discussion of later developments in revivalism, with particular attention to nineteenth-century preacher Charles Finney, whose emphasis on technique and confidence in human capability departed from the more modest approaches of eighteenth-century revivalists.
Politics
Authors: Dreisbach Daniel L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Protestant evangelicals were engaged in almost every political debate and controversy in the early republic regarding religion’s prudential and constitutional role in American civic life. Their political activity was motivated in large part by a belief that religion and attendant civic virtue were essential to the success of the American political experiment in republican self-government and by a fear that infidels and deists were seeking to diminish traditional Christianity’s public role and influence. A series of developments in the early republic fed these fears, including the election of President Thomas Jefferson (a purported friend of the French Revolution and advocate for church–state separation), federal legislation authorizing Sunday postal services, and a growing movement toward disestablishment in the states. Many evangelicals believed that Christianity was under assault and that they were facing an existential threat in a new secular order. In response, some religious traditionalists looked to politics to counter the perceived rise of infidelity and secularism, initiating an anti-Sunday mail campaign and proposing a Christian party. Evangelicals, however, were not a monolithic political force. They were represented on all sides of the political controversies that engaged them. This suggests that evangelicals were wrestling with the appropriate role of religion in the American constitutional regime and the propriety of their involvement in politics.
Missions
Authors: Hartley Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines eighteenth-century evangelical missions as they developed in India, the Caribbean, and South Africa. Early Evangelical missionaries were involved in many other geographical contexts, but these locations were among the most formative for the future trajectory of the movement. The political contexts and evangelical mission theories and practices in these places highlight the transcontinental connections and relationships among missionaries as well as Indigenous leaders of evangelical efforts. Pietist, Moravian, Methodist, Baptist, and independent evangelical mission illustrate the diversity of early evangelical institutions, perspectives, and practices. The institutions, churches, and movements these groups established in the early years of evangelical movement profoundly influenced subsequent generations of Indigenous Christian practices around the world.
Association of socio-demographic characteristics with alcohol use initiation among never users during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Authors: Sharma Pravesh , Nguyen Quang Anh , Kurani Shaheen , Holland Ashley , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Pazdernik Vanessa , St. Sauver Jennifer , Croarkin Paul , Kamath Celia , Geske Jennifer , Prasad Kavita , Glasgow Amy , Sangaralingham Lindsey , Patten Christi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In this longitudinal cohort study, we examined the socio-demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of never alcohol users aged ≥21 prior to COVID-19.

Methods
Our study population consisted of 56 930 patients aged ≥21, as of 30 March 2019 were collected from a pre-COVID period of 1 year before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID, a period between 1 April 2020 and 30 March 2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine the roles of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, Area Deprivation Index and rural residence) changes in anxiety and depression severity as predictors of alcohol use initiation.

Results
Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education and rural status were significant predictors in multivariable analysis. A subgroup analysis showed neither anxiety nor depression had a significant association with alcohol use initiation.

Conclusion
Women, younger individuals, those living in a rural area and people who smoke cigarettes were more likely to initiate alcohol use during the pandemic. Our study has public health and clinical implications such as the need for targeted alcohol use screening and intervention for vulnerable individuals.
Evaluation of the performance of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)/MgF2 bilayer coating on biodegradable high-purity magnesium in a femoral condyle defect model in rabbits
Authors: Huang Shibo , Li Junlei , Qin Kairong , Wang Zhiqiang , Yang Jiahui , Cao Fang , Li Weirong , Liu Yupeng , Liu Lipeng , Zhao Dewei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The two most critical factors in promoting the clinical translation of magnesium (Mg) are reducing its degradation rate and improving its osteogenesis. In this study, a Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)/MgF2 bilayer coating was prepared on high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) rods by fluorination and hydrothermal treatment. Scanning electron microscope showed that the thickness of the bilayer coating was 3.78 μm and that the surface morphology was nanoscale. In an in vivo experiment on femoral condyle defects in rabbits, the serum magnesium ion levels of rabbits were always in the normal range after surgery, and the liver and kidney functions were not abnormal, which indicated that the CDHA/MgF2 bilayer coating has good biosafety. Micro-CT showed that the CDHA/MgF2 bilayer coating significantly reduced the degradation rate of the HP Mg rods and enhanced the promotion of bone formation. Hard tissue sections showed that the CDHA/MgF2 bilayer coating gave the bone tissue a tight contact interface with the HP Mg rod and improved the bone mass. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and BMP-2 was more obvious. These results confirm that the CDHA/MgF2 bilayer coating can improve the properties of HP Mg and provide a basis for the further transformation of HP Mg in the future. It also provides a new reference for the surface modification of magnesium metal.
Effect of micro/nano-sheet array structures on the osteo-immunomodulation of macrophages
Authors: Zheng Xinhui , Chen Lan , Tan Ji , Miao Jianhua , Liu Xuanyong , Yang Tieyi , Ding Zhihong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe immune response induced by surface topography crucially determines the implant success. However, how the immune response is mediated by the size of surface topography remains unclear. Hence, various biocompatible Mg-Al layered double hydroxides sheet-array films with different sizes (nano, micro and nano/micro mixture) were constructed on the biomedical titanium, and their osteo-immunomodulation effects on the macrophages were explored. The nano-sheet array structures significantly promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway with high gene expressions of integrin β2 and FAK. While the micro-sheet array structures enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) via ROCK-YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction. Moreover, the nano-sheet array structures promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs with a high proportion of M2 macrophages through a shared medium. This study gave further information concerning integrin-induced focal adhesions in cells of different sheet array structures and their role in macrophage polarization and osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs, which might help to design biomaterial surfaces with optimal geometry for a desired immunemodulation.
Elimination of punitive outcomes and criminalization of medical errors
Authors: Rocco Cristian , Rodríguez Ana María , Noya Beatriz 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The penalization of error in the health field continues to be one of the main barriers in the notification, analysis and proposals for measures to improve adverse events. Strategies should be established in order to develop a nonpunitive culture with the sole purpose of learning from mistakes and improving patient safety.

Recent findings
Strategies are established for the development of a nonpunitive culture, such as promoting confidentiality and data protection in the notification and analysis of adverse events.

Summary
Despite education, improvements in quality and safety in healthcare, mistakes will undoubtedly occur. The creation of a protected, blame-free environment that promotes systematic reporting of adverse events will provide valuable information for preventive work and the desired improvement in patient and health team safety.
The Effects of Demographic, Training, and Specialization Differences of Physicians in Coronavirus Disease 19 Treatment in Turkey
Authors: Özbilen Muhammet , Bostan Sedat , Kaya Ahmet , Kaya Yasemin , Kurt Celali 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
The study aimed to determine how physicians’ professional and institutional characteristics affect their treatment approaches for COVID-19 antiviral and supportive treatment, as well as their demographic characteristics and participation in COVID-19 trainings that may influence these orientations.

Methods:
After researching the literature and conducting interviews with the experts, a questionnaire was prepared. The convenience sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire online to 408 physicians across the nation in January 2021. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the research scale, and the Cronbach’s Alpha test was used to confirm its reliability. During the data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used.

Results:
It was observed that the physicians were willing to give COVID-19 patients the antivirals but hesitant to provide and suggest supportive care. The training status for COVID-19 treatment was varied. Female physicians prescribed more antiviral drugs than male physicians, received more training, and scored higher across the scale than male physicians (p = 0.001). The treatment approaches of physicians varied according to their specializations (p = 0.002) all over the scale.

Discussion:
The publication of current Ministry of Health guidelines on a variety of themes related to COVID-19 treatment, as seen in Turkey, is both beneficial and important. However, because all physicians, regardless of specialty, are affected by current and will be in the future pandemics, it is necessary to design and maintain a continuous training program on pandemics and their management for all physicians.