bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub‐Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination
Authors: Adeboyejo Kazeem , King Barnabas J. , Tsoleridis Theocharis , Tarr Alexander W. , McLauchlan John , Irving William L. , Ball Jonathan K. , McClure C. Patrick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe newly developed direct‐acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cure rates as high as 98% in some cohorts. Although genome sequencing has demonstrated that some subtypes of HCV naturally harbor drug resistance associated substitutions (RAS), these are often overlooked as “rarities.” Furthermore, commercial subtyping assays and associated epidemiological findings are skewed towards Western cohorts and whole‐genome sequencing can be problematic to deploy without significant infrastructure and training support. We thus aimed to develop a simple, robust and accurate HCV subtyping pipeline, to optimize and streamline molecular detection and sequence‐based typing of diverse RAS‐containing subtypes.MethodsHCV serum derived from 146 individuals, whose likely source of infection was from sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) was investigated with a novel panel of single round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting NS5B and NS5A genomic regions. Virus subtype assignments were determined by pairwise‐distance analysis and compared to both diagnostic laboratory assignments and free‐to‐use online typing tools.ResultsPartial NS5A and NS5B sequences were respectively obtained from 131 to 135 HCV‐positive patients born in 19 different countries from SSA but attending clinics in the UK. We determined that routine clinical diagnostic methods incorrectly subtyped 59.0% of samples, with a further 6.8% incorrectly genotyped. Of five commonly used online tools, Geno2Pheno performed most effectively in determining a subtype in agreement with pairwise distance analysis.ConclusionThis study provides a simple low‐cost pathway to accurately subtype in SSA, guide regional therapeutic choice and assist global surveillance and elimination initiatives.
Influencing diversity beliefs through a personal testimonial, promotion‐focused approach
Authors: Vongswasdi Pisitta , Leroy Hannes , Shemla Meir , Hoever Inga , Khattab Jasmien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough researchers have highlighted the importance of diversity beliefs (i.e., team members' perceived value of diversity) for the elaboration of information in teams, little attention has been paid to whether and how diversity beliefs can be shaped. Drawing on theory and research on team diversity beliefs, we propose that diversity beliefs are more effectively influenced by interventions using a promotion (compared with a prevention) focus toward diversity and personal testimonial (compared with factual) knowledge. Results from an experiment conducted with 175 teams revealed that both a promotion focus and personal testimonial knowledge independently contributed to more positive diversity beliefs and consequently increased team elaboration of task‐relevant information as well as integration of different perspectives. Our results reveal key factors that can influence diversity beliefs and underscore the pivotal role of diversity beliefs in improving the extent to which team members elaborate information and integrate diverse perspectives.
Distributed service with proximal capacity and pricing on a two‐sided sharing economy platform
Authors: Lee Kyungmin (Brad) , Bellamy Marcus A. , Joglekar Nitin R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we characterize the relationship between spatial pricing and capacity based on distributed service design (DSD) decisions in a two‐sided sharing economy platform. We leverage theoretical tenets on two‐sided markets and on spatial pricing and capacity management in the sharing economy to inform a set of empirical and simulation models. Empirically, we use data on 156,520 observations of dynamic pricing and capacity distribution within Uber's San Francisco region. Estimation of a spatial econometric model reveals that the number of active drivers in neighboring zones negatively impacts the price in focal zones. Simultaneously, we find that spatial proximity is a significant factor in determining the distribution of prices when service demand levels are sufficiently high. We leverage this simultaneity finding to advance the literature on the sharing economy by incorporating operational considerations such as distributed capacity into service design. We link these econometric results with profit and welfare using a simulation that tests a variety of DSD pricing strategies under varying elasticity and revenue‐sharing conditions. Our findings offer guidance to firms managing two‐sided sharing economy platforms on tracking demand‐ and supply side price elasticity levels as well as revenue sharing spread when seeking to maximize profit, welfare, or both.
Human serum N‐glycome profiling via the newly developed asparagine immobilized cellulose/polymer nanohybrid
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Salman , Saleem Muhammad Nakash , Jabeen Fahmida , Saleem Shafaq , Iqbal Sabeen , Habib Shahid , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem , Ressom Habtom W. , Najam‐ul‐Haq Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Human serum N‐linked glycans expression levels change during the disease progression. The low abundance, structural diversity, and coexisting matrices hinder their detection in mass spectrometry analysis. Considering the hydrophilic nature of N‐glycans, cellulose/polymer (1,2‐Epoxy‐5‐hexene) nanohybrid is fabricated with oxirane groups functionalized of asparagine to develop solid phase extraction based hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography sorbent (cellulose/1,2‐Epoxy‐5‐hexene/asparagine). The morphology, elemental analysis, and surface properties are studied through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The large surface area of cellulose/polymer nanohybrid (2.09 × 102 m2/g) facilitates the high density of asparagine immobilization resulting in better hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography enrichment under optimized conditions. The enrichment capability of nanohybrid/asparagine is assessed by the N‐Linked glycans released from ovalbumin and immunoglobulin G where 23 and 13 N‐glycans are detected respectively. The nanohybrid/asparagine shows selectivity of 1:1200 with spiked bovine serum albumin and sensitivity down to 100 attomole. Human serum profiling for N‐glycans identifies 52 glycan structures. This new enrichment strategy enriches serum N‐linked glycans in the presence of salts, proteins, endogenous serum peptides, and so forth.
Development and optimization of a method based on dispersive solid phase extraction followed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of 30 mycotoxins in Citrus products
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Wei , Zeng Li , Liang Run , Xiao Quanwei , Zhou Yan , Wu Wenlin , Deng Fang 
Published: September 2022

Citrus, a raw material widely used in food and medicine, is susceptible to fungal infection and its metabolites during growth, transportation, and storage. Thus, monitoring the residual levels of various mycotoxins in Citrus traditional Chinese medicines and related products is crucial. This study described a simple, reliable, and sensitive method for simultaneous identification and quantification of 30 mycotoxins in Citrus products. The method is based on modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and purification followed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The limit of detection ranged from 0.10 to 1.50 μg/kg, and the quantification ranged from 0.25 to 5.00 μg/kg. The recoveries at three spiked levels were 64.90–99.72% and the relative standard deviation was less than 12%. The method was applied to 55 Citrus samples. The detection rates of tentoxin and mycophenolic acid were the highest, reaching 22.7% and with concentration ranges of 0.33–1.03 and 0.57–2.09 μg/kg, respectively. All contamination levels were below the maximum residue limits recommended by the European Commission and China. These results could be used to establish guidelines for screening mycotoxins in Citrus products and the limits of acceptable levels.
Kurarinone alleviates hemin‐induced neuroinflammation and microglia‐mediated neurotoxicity by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization via regulating the IGF1/PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: Jia Zeng‐Qiang , Zuo Cheng , Yue Wen‐Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCerebral hemorrhage is a fatal disease that causes severe damage to local nerve function. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of kurarinone on hemin‐induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. In our study, according to the results of bioinformatics analysis, we hypothesized that kurarinone might modulate cerebral hemorrhage advancement via the insulin‐like growth factor 1/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (IGF1/PI3K/Akt) signaling. Kurarinone promoted M2 microglia polarization, and curbed M1 polarization and inflammation in human microglial cells (HMC3) cells with hemin treatment. Besides, kurarinone upregulated IGF1 expression and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hemin‐treated HMC3 cells. In addition, downregulation of IGF1 or inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling weakened the effects of kurarinone on microglia polarization and inflammation in HMC3 cells with hemin treatment. Kurarinone alleviated apoptosis and oxidative damage of SH‐SY5Y cells co‐cultured with hemin‐treated HMC3 cells. In conclusion, kurarinone lessened hemin‐induced neuroinflammation and microglia‐mediated neurotoxicity by regulating microglial polarization through modulating the IGF1/PI3K/Akt signaling. These results delivered a new prospective therapeutic drug for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage.
A Smartphone Application and Education Program for Hearing Health Promotion in High School Teenagers
Authors: Chang Jolie L. , Huwyler Camille , Yoshida Norimasa , Henderson Sabes Jennifer , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo assess knowledge retention after video‐based hearing health education and measure headphone listening behavior change using a novel smartphone application.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal study, students participated in video‐based hearing health education and hearing screening sessions. Hearing health knowledge was assessed in students and parents after 6 weeks. A novel smartphone application was created to measure daily noise exposure based on volume settings with headphone use and to display the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) noise doses with alerts for cumulative daily doses nearing the maximum.ResultsSeventy‐six teenage students and parents participated. Eighty three percent of participants identified as a racial or ethnic minority and 66% were of low‐income socioeconomic status. Hearing health knowledge was retained in students 6 weeks after education and parents’ knowledge improved from baseline. The smartphone app was installed on 12 student phones, and 25% of days monitored exhibited noise doses that exceeded the NIOSH maximum. App use for at least 10 days by nine students showed a significant reduction in average daily noise dose and time spent at the highest volume settings during the second‐half of app use.ConclusionsVideo‐based hearing health education with knowledge question reinforcement was associated with knowledge retention in students and improved parental attitudes and knowledge about hearing conservation. A smartphone app with a real‐time display of headphone cumulative noise exposure dose identified at‐risk students. The integration of hearing health education, hearing screening, and digital health tools has promised to promote positive behavior changes for long‐term hearing conservation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2007–2013, 2023
Mastoid Obliteration Decreases the Recurrent and Residual Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Illés Kata , Meznerics Fanni Adél , Dembrovszky Fanni , Fehérvári Péter , Bánvölgyi András , Csupor Dezső , Hegyi Péter , Horváth Tamás 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveOur study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mastoid obliteration compared to the canal wall up (CWU) technique in cholesteatoma surgery based on the systematic review of the literature and the meta‐analysis of the data.MethodsThe systematic search was performed in four major databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and CENTRAL) on October 14, 2021. Studies comparing the CWU technique and mastoid obliteration were included. The exclusion criteria were less than 12 months follow‐up, congenital cholesteatoma, indefinite description of the surgical method, and animal studies. The protocol was registered on Prospero (registration number: CRD42021282485). The risk of bias was evaluated with the ROBINS‐I tool. Residual and recurrent disease proportions as primary outcomes, quality of life, ear discharge, infection rates, hearing results, and operation time as secondary outcomes were analyzed. In the quantitative synthesis, the random effect model was used, and heterogeneity was identified.ResultsA total of 11 articles with 2077 operations' data were found eligible. All the identified studies were retrospective cohorts. The odds of pooled residual and recurrent disease proportion were significantly lower in the obliteration group compared to CWU (OR = 0.45, CI:0.28;0.80, p = 0.014). However, when separated, the proportion of ears with recurrent (OR = 0.41, CI:0.11;1.57, p = 0.140) or residual (OR = 0.59, CI:0.23, 1.50, p = 0.207) disease did not show a significant difference, even though the odds were quite similar. The qualitative synthesis identified no significant difference in the secondary outcomes, but obliteration elongated the operation time.ConclusionMastoid obliteration significantly decreased the proportion of residual and recurrent cholesteatoma in pooled analyses compared to the CWU technique with low‐quality of data.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1297–1305, 2023
Virtual audiometric testing using smartphone mobile applications to detect hearing loss
Authors: Yesantharao Lekha V. , Donahue Mary , Smith Amanda , Yan Haijuan , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic drove the need for remote audiometric testing in the form of mobile applications for hearing assessment. This study sought to determine the accuracy of two smartphone‐based hearing assessment applications, Mimi and uHear, against the gold standard of in‐clinic audiometric testing.MethodsOne hundred patients that presented to clinic for hearing assessment were randomly assigned to take either the Mimi or uHear hearing test alongside standard audiometric testing. Hearing thresholds measured using mobile applications were compared to those from audiometric testing to assess validity. Patient satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire that queried if the app met the user's need, if they would recommend the app to others, and how likely they were to use the app again.ResultsUsing Mimi, there were no differences in average hearing levels measured at any frequency when compared to standard audiometric testing. uHear overestimated hearing loss at 500 and 1000 Hz (p < .001 for both) by 5–10 Hz, and underestimated hearing loss at 6000 Hz (p < .001) by 5–10 Hz compared to standard audiometric testing. When stratified by level of hearing impairment, uHear overestimated impairment in those with normal hearing (p < .001). Mimi had higher sensitivity (0.971) and specificity (0.912) for hearing loss (defined as a pure tone average for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz greater than 25 dB) than uHear (0.914 and 0.780, respectively). However, uHear outranked Mimi on all three questions in the satisfaction questionnaire (p = .01, p = .03, and p = .02, respectively).ConclusionMimi appears to be a reasonable substitute for standard audiometric testing when individuals cannot present to clinic for gold standard testing; however, the Mimi user experience can be improved.Level of evidenceLevel II.
Planktonic microbial communities from microbialite‐bearing lakes sampled along a salinity‐alkalinity gradient
Authors: Iniesto Miguel , Moreira David , Benzerara Karim , Reboul Guillaume , Bertolino Paola , Tavera Rosaluz , López‐García Purificación 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContinental freshwater systems are particularly vulnerable to environmental variation. Climate change‐induced desertification and the anthropogenic exploitation of hydric resources result in the progressive evaporation and salinization of inland water bodies in many areas of the globe. However, how this process impacts microbial communities and their activities in biogeochemical cycles is poorly known. Here, we take a space‐for‐time substitution approach and characterize the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities of two planktonic cell‐size fractions (0.2–5 μm and 5–30 μm) from lakes of diverse trophic levels sampled along a salinity‐alkalinity gradient located in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). We applied a 16S/18S rRNA gene metabarcoding strategy to determine the microbial community composition of 54 samples from 12 different lakes, from the low‐salinity lake Zirahuén to the hypersaline residual ponds of Rincón de Parangueo. Except for systems at both extremes of the salinity gradient, most lakes along the evaporation trend bear actively forming microbialites, which harbor microbial communities clearly distinct from those of plankton. Several lakes were sampled in winter and late spring and the crater lakes Alchichica and Atexcac were sampled across the water column. Physicochemical parameters related to salinity‐alkalinity were the most influential drivers of microbial community structure whereas trophic status, depth, or season were less important. Our results suggest that climate change and anthropogenic‐induced hydric deficit could significantly affect microbial communities, potentially altering ecosystem functioning.
Clinical phenotypes study of 231 children with Williams syndrome in China: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Li Fang‐fang , Chen Wei‐jun , Yao Dan , Xu Lin , Shen Ji‐yang , Zeng Yan , Shi Zhuo , Ye Xiao‐wei , Kang Dao‐huan , Xu Bin , Shao Jie , Ji Chai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWilliams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder caused by microdeletions in 7q11.23. This study aims to characterize the clinical phenotypes of Chinese children with WS to help for the early diagnosis and intervention of this disease.Methods231 children diagnosed with WS were retrospectively recruited to the study. Clinical data were analyzed to obtain the incidence of different clinical phenotypes. The occurrence of phenotypes and the influence of gender and age on the incidence of different phenotypes were analyzed.ResultsAll WS exhibited facial dysmorphism (100.0%). The majority had neurodevelopmental disorder (91.8%), hoarseness (87.4%) and cardiovascular anomalies (85.7%). The incidence of short stature (46.9%), inguinal hernia (47.2%), hypercalciuria (29.10%), hypercalcemia (9.1%), subclinical hypothyroidism (26.4%) and hypothyroidism (7.4%) were relatively higher. Gender differences were found in supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS, p < .001), ventricular septal defect (VSD, p < .05), inguinal hernia (p < .001), superior pulmonary stenosis (SVPS, p < .05) and neurodevelopmental disorder (p < .05). The incidence of neurodevelopmental disorder in WS increased with age (p < .05) while cardiovascular anomalies (p < .001), short stature (p < .001), hypercalciuria (p < .001) and hypercalcemia (p < .01) decreased with age.ConclusionsFacial dysmorphism, neurodevelopmental disorder, hoarseness and cardiovascular anomalies were the most common phenotypes. Genetic testing should be suggested to confirm the diagnosis for children with the above abnormalities. Gender and age should be taken into account when making diagnosis and intervention.
Foraging Dynamics of a Domesticated Strain of Brook Trout
Authors: Sliger Ridge , Grossman Gary D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis is an economically important salmonid that has been stocked worldwide. Because of the difficulty of culturing southern Brook Trout, domesticated northern Brook Trout have been stocked throughout the southeastern United States. Little research has been dedicated to understanding the foraging dynamics of various forms of the species that occur within southeastern streams. Given that water velocity has been shown to have a strong influence on habitat selection and prey capture in drift feeders, we examined the effects of water velocity, fish size, days in captivity, dominance status, and size rank on prey capture success, holding velocity, and reactive distance for domesticated northern-strain Brook Trout. Prey capture success declined with increasing velocities (10–50 cm/s), holding velocity was positively related to water velocity, and dominant individuals captured more prey than subordinates. Reactive distances were not strongly or consistently affected by any treatment variables. Compared with recent studies on southern Brook Trout, there were few differences between the strains in their foraging behavior, suggesting that our results apply to the species generally. Various forms of the species should exhibit high prey capture success in velocities up to 30 cm/s.