bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of biochemical variables in plasma samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of standard and microsample blood collection tubes
Authors: Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Flatland Bente 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective—To compare results of biochemical analyses performed on plasma samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of standard and microsample blood collection tubes.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—29 healthy client-owned animals (14 dogs and 15 cats).
Procedures—A blood sample (3 mL) was collected from each animal; 2.5 mL was transferred into a vacuum tube that contained lithium heparin, and 0.5 mL was transferred into a microsample tube that contained lithium heparin. Variables evaluated were albumin, bicarbonate, BUN, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total bilirubin, and total protein concentrations and alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities. Results for the 2 types of tubes in each species were compared by use of Pearson correlation coefficients, Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis.
Results—Data were normally distributed, except for creatine kinase activity of cats. The Pearson correlation coefficient was minimal for total bilirubin concentration in cats and moderate, high, or very high for all other variables. Constant bias for cholesterol and glucose concentration in dogs was identified during Bland-Altman analysis, although the mean difference between types of blood collection tubes was small. No constant or proportional bias for any other variable was revealed by regression analysis or Bland-Altman analysis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Samples obtained from healthy dogs and cats by use of microsample blood collection tubes that contained lithium heparin provided clinically equivalent biochemical results, compared with results for samples obtained by use of standard blood collection tubes, and minimized the total sample volume collected for diagnostic testing.
Detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000–2007
Authors: Gautam Raju , Wu Ching-Ching , Guptill Lynn F. , Potter Adam , Moore George E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective—To use results of microscopic agglutination tests (MATs) conducted at a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory to determine temporal and demographic distributions of positive serologic test results for leptospirosis in dogs and identify correlations among results for various Leptospira serovars.
Design—Serosurvey.
Study Population—MAT results for 33,119 canine serum samples submitted to a commercial veterinary diagnostic laboratory from 2000 through 2007.
Procedures—Electronic records of MAT results for dogs were obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Seropositivity for antibodies against Leptospira serovars was determined by use of a cutoff titer of ≥ 1:1,600 to reduce the possible impact of postvaccinal antibodies on results. Correlations between results for all possible pairs of serovars were calculated by ordinal ranking of positive (≥ 1:100) antibody titer results.
Results—2,680 samples (8.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.8% to 8.4%) were seropositive for antibodies against Leptospira serovars. The highest percentage of positive MAT results was for the year 2007 (10.2%; 95% CI, 9.5% to 10.9%) and for the months of November and December during the study period. Antibodies were most common against serovars Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, and Bratislava. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis was lowest for dogs > 10 years of age but was similar across other age strata.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Leptospirosis can affect dogs of small and large breeds and various ages. Although an increase in proportions of positive MAT results was evident in the fall, monthly and annual variations suggested potential exposure in all months. Because of the limitations of MAT results and the limited number of serovars used in the test, bacterial culture should be used to identify infective Leptospira serovars.
Automatic Identification of Wrist Position in a Virtual Environment for Garment Design
Authors: Chen Yu , Hou Qinhua , Hong Yan , Gao Weihong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
With the development of virtual reality, computer-aided design has shown its strength in the garment product development process. Wrist position corresponds to the styloid process of the ulna (SPU). Due the problem that the SPU position is usually not the finest position of the forearm, the wrist position identification in the 3D clothing design is quite important. This paper proposes a method that uses a fixed-step search algorithm based on existing proportion methods to determine the position of the SPU. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method has been validated using 100 samples by comparison with the existing methods. It can be fully applied to a virtual 3D-to-2D garment prototyping process and ensure the automation of this process.
Are swimming coaches ready to help injured young swimmers?
Authors: Dimitrić Goran , Jakšić Milorad , Sadri Filip , Zenić Nataša 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Study aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and skills of swimming coaches in providing first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Material and methods: The sample consisted of 59 swimming coaches who responded to non-standardized questionnaire. The collected data were processed by the statistical program IBM SPSS (20.0), using the Chi-square test with cross-tabulation, with a level of statistical significance p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Obtained data showed a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of swimming coaches about first aid and CPR in relation to coaching experience (p = 0.025); in the knowledge of providing first aid and CPR between coaches who have a certificate of first aid and CPR and those who do not (p = 0.006) and in first aid and CPR knowledge between coaches who have renewed their first aid and CPR knowledge and those who did not (p = 0.045).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, swimming coaches included in this research did not have enough knowledge and skills in first aid and CPR, which makes swimming programs unsafe. By obliging swimming coaches to acquire and constantly improve their knowledge and skills in first aid and CPR, the environment for all swimming programs would become safer.
The Influence of Selected Strain-Based Failure Criteria on Ship Structure Damage Resulting from a Collision with an Offshore Wind Turbine Monopile
Authors: Niklas Karol , Bera Alicja 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Offshore wind farms are developing well all over the world, providing green energy from renewable sources. The evaluation of possible consequences of a collision involves Finite Element computer simulations. The goal of this paper was to analyse the influence of selected strain-based failure criteria on ship damage resulting from a collision with an offshore wind turbine monopile. The case of a collision between an offshore supply vessel and a monopile-type support structure was examined. The results imply that simulation assumptions, especially the failure criteria, are very important. It was found that, using the strain failure criteria according to the minimum values required by the design rules, can lead to an underestimation of the ship damage by as much as 6 times, for the length of the hull plate, and 9 times, for the area of the ship hull opening. Instead, the adjusted formula should be used, taking into account both the FE element size and the shell thickness. The influence of the non-linear representation of the stress-strain curve was also pointed out. Moreover, a significant influence of the selected steel grade on collision damages was found.
Analysis of the Pre-Injection System of a Marine Diesel Engine Through Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Rodriguez C.G. , Lamas M.I. , Rodriguez J.D. , Abbas A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present work proposes several pre-injection patterns to reduce nitrogen oxides in the Wärtsilä 6L 46 marine engine. A numerical model was carried out to characterise the emissions and consumption of the engine. Several pre-injection quantities, durations, and starting instants were analysed. It was found that oxides of nitrogen can be noticeably reduced but at the expense of increasing consumption as well as other emissions such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. According to this, a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model was established to select the most appropriate parameters. Besides, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to complement the results and analyse a huge quantity of alternatives. This hybrid MCDM-ANN methodology proposed in the present work constitutes a useful tool to design new marine engines.
Assessing the Potential Replacement of Mineral Oil with Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants in a Stern Tube Bearing: An Experimental Analysis of Bearing Performance
Authors: Kowalski Jerzy , Leśniewski Wojciech , Piątek Daniel , Przybylska Dominika Cuper 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study compares the performance of a plain bearing, with a similar structure to a tail shaft stern bearing, lubricated with either mineral oil or an environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL). The main characteristic of the bearing is its length/diameter ratio of <1. Measurements are carried out with the bearing operating under loads from 0.5 to 1 MPa and seven speeds ranging from 1 to 11 rev/s. The bearing lubricated with either mineral oil with a viscosity grade of 100 or an environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL) with a viscosity grade of 100 or 150 is investigated according to the ISO standard. Bearing wear is simulated by increasing the clearance circle by 0.1 mm. According to the results obtained, the use of an EAL in place of mineral oil does not cause significant changes in the bearing performance, regardless of the value of the clearance radius. The pressure distribution in the oil film, bearing load carrying capacity, eccentricity and friction coefficient have similar values for the entire load and speed ranges considered, and the discrepancies in the results are within the range of the measurement errors. Only an increase in EAL viscosity causes significant changes in bearing performance and these changes comply with the general theory of lubrication.
Influence of solid particle contamination on the wear process in water lubricated marine strut bearings with NBR and PTFE bushes
Authors: Piątkowska Ewa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on a study of the influence of solid particle contamination on the wear process in water-lubricated slide bearings (steel-acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and steel-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)). To compare the wear of the shaft journal and bushes (NBR and PTFE) when lubricated with fresh water and contaminated water, an experiment was carried out to identify key factors that influence the state of wear of slide bearing. The amount of wear was checked by means of geometric structure measurements on the journals, namely, roughness profile measurements using both a contact profilometer and an optical microscope. The obtained results enabled correlations between the material comprising the sliding sleeve, roughness of the journals and contamination inside the water-lubricated slide bearings.
State Bastardisation And Terrorism In Nigeria: A Discourse
Authors: Okon Enoch Ndem , Williams Dodeye Uduak , Mmaduabuchi Okeke Godwin. S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper seeks to unearth and analyse the variables which promote and sustain primordial groups’ identities and their linkages to the emergence and sustenance of terrorist groups in Nigeria. Grounded in the pluralist theory of sovereignty, the study adopts historical research design. It relies solely on data from secondary sources, which are presented qualitatively, and the finding is analysed using content analysis techniques. The study reveals that the promotion of primordial identities above national identity for political advantage by the political elites leads to state bastardisation in Nigeria. Besides, it identifies the apostolical promotion of some neoliberal values without corresponding citizenship education, as responsible for the emergence of Boko Haram and other such groups that challenge the sovereignty and legitimacy of the Nigerian state. It also questions the continuous promotion of religion in the public domain in a secular state and concludes that genuine integration policy is an urgent imperative. The study recommends that ethno-religious politics be buried; religion should be returned to the private lives of the citizenry. Besides, citizenship education and societal development should be prioritised in order to strengthen the state, and weaken the capacity of primordial groups to challenge the Nigerian State with violent outbursts.
Fight For Media Pluralism Or Just “JanŠA’S War On Media”?
Authors: Bratina Rok 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since Janez Janša’s government has been installed, not a day has gone by that the ruling coalition party, SDS (the Slovenian Democratic Party), has not been accused of undermining the freedom of media or threatening media pluralism. Sometimes, critics go even further in condemning Janša as wilfully subordinating media to politics. Regarding subordination, independent media studies from 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008 and lastly 2020 haveclearly indicated that the media in Slovenia are to a certain extent already under the influence of politics, namely those close to the left circles. Whilst scientific conclusions prove the fact that changes in media legislation are more than needed, the question that arises is whether the proposers are looking at the concept of media pluralism from the right perspective. Leaning on the most recent Media landscape research, this article stands out from the rest as it draws parallels with the state of political pluralism, demonstrating how partial and imbalanced covering of news could lead to the domination of one political spectrum. Further, we do a historical review of the right-wing media policy and bring to light those aspects that have undergone the sharpest criticism when it comes to media pluralism. In addition, new ideas for future research are discussed.
Reconciliation Between the Victim and the Perpetrator-Restorative Justice
Authors: Aliu Albana , Arifi Besa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study and address the relation between the perpetrator and the victim, in particular the way it is regulated in the Republic of Kosovo by comparing it with the regulation in other countries. A long time ago criminal law in its institutes has paid attention only to the perpetrator, trying to guarantee his fundamental rights, it is enough to stop at the institute of presumption of innocence and many other institutes and we can see how importance criminal law and in particular criminal procedure has paid to the perpetrator, and on the other hand the victim has always remained in the shadows.
Therefore, today we find it reasonable to address this issue, to find out from which period criminal law and authors of criminal law turn their heads towards the victim, to find out what is the position of the victim in society today, what steps have been taken in legal terms and also special attention will be paid precisely to restorative justice as a key point for the realization of the rights of the victim, the compensation of the damage and the restoration of balance and the establishment of relations in society. And it is quite important that in addition to the relations that perpetrators have with victims, we also try to understand the historical course of restorative justice and this way to make an analysis of the position of the victim and the perpetrator over the decades.
UNESCO’s Atlas on Endangered Languages and the Local Context
Authors: Poshka Agim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article analyses the overall development of the endangered language around the world in reference to UNESCO’s Atlas of World Endangered Languages and reflects on the local context. The focus to local context refers to the current territory of North Macedonia in which it is believed there are 7 endangered languages such as: Adyge, Aromanian, Gagauz (South Balkans), Megleno-Romanian, Judezmo, Romani and Torlak. These languages are classified as endangered but are still spoken in the country. The article also reflects on the status of the Albanian language in North Macedonia by drawing comparisons with two other language varieties such as Arberesh which spoken in Southern Italy and Arvanitika spoken in Greece. The challenges that these minority languages have faced in particular countries should serve as a guide in designing effective language policies in North Macedonia in order for the language not be endangered. In the last section the article report on the phenomena of Globalization in which English has become the global language and at the same time has accelerated the loss of many native languages around the globe.
Challenges of the Albanian Language in the Internet Era
Authors: Adili-Çeliku Luljeta , Shehabi-Veseli Meral 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Language is a live organism and as every other living being develops and is enriched with new words and terms, which enter the life of society together with the new tool, i.e. they enter in and mix with the order of Albanian words. Such a thing is inevitable and in some cases even useful, but every word that is lined up in the order of Albanian words must be well filtered. “The introduction of new words and exclusion of old ones is a natural process, and it happens in any language. This is what happened with the Greek borrowings in Latin, with the Arabic borrowings in Greek, with the Latin borrowings in many European languages, with the Persian borrowings in Turkish, with the Turkish borrowings in Albanian, etc.” - Prof. Hajri Shehu emphasizes in a scientific interview (Shehu, 2017). In recent decades, with the expansion of the Internet, many foreign words began to enter and be used in the Albanian language. English took up more space than expected; in addition to penetrating through various tool notions, it also replaced centuries-old native words of Albanian.
The paper has been divided into three parts and in each part an issue has been dealt with: the first part talks about the use of foreign words and the existing words in Albanian; the second part deals with the use of emoticons used instead of words and the third part deals with writing errors in the Albanian language. These are some of the issues that have created a great concern for the Albanian language in this century and they certainly need to be addressed seriously to prevent the dangers that may threaten it.
TESTING IN GOOGLE FORMS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF DIAGNOSING THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF LISTENERS OF QUALIFICATION COURSES
Authors: DEHTIAROVA HALYNA 
Published: January 2022

The article focuses on the role of pedagogical testing, which is carried out for the aim of test diagnostics at different stages of learning (initial, in the process of learning the material and its control). It is emphasized that today computer testing is widely used due to the fact that it helps to optimize the educational process and allows you to quickly and objectively perform evaluations with rapid processing of results and the use of feedback technology to build a person-centered learning trajectory. There are a number of benefits to computer testing. The Google Form service, which is often used to create computer tests, is briefly described. For the aim of our research, the results of which are presented in the article, we chose to prove the effectiveness of computer testing created using Google forms at the stage of input control to build a trajectory of the special course and the final - to determine the effectiveness of training. The research method provided using a computer test-questionnaire created with the help of a Google form to conduct a survey of respondents, students of the special course «Media Literacy of a Teacher Philologist», to quickly obtain the necessary information about them to build an effective learning strategy.
It is shown that the answers to the computer questionnaire-test before starting the thematic special course give the curator the opportunity to study the target audience of the special course and adjust the learning strategy and identify productive methods of media literacy that will be effective in this special course, specific group. After completing the special course, get factual data on the level of media literacy acquired by students after studying in the special course and prove or disprove the effectiveness of training. Figures of the total indicator of the level of media literacy of teachers of philological disciplines have proved the effectiveness of the use of computer testing in the process of organizing education. It was found that computer tests, created using the service «Google Form», allow the teacher based on the analysis of respondents’ answers to quickly establish the level of education (in our case – the level of media literacy) of students before learning and take it into account when building a personality-oriented trajectory training in a special course, as well as to establish the effectiveness of training on it.
ORGANIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF SETTING AND SOLVING APPLIED PROBLEMS AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: GROD INNA , LESCHUK SVITLANA , OLEKSYUK VASIL 
Published: January 2022

The role and place of applied tasks in the learning process are analyzed, their didactic functions, methods of formulation and solution are analyzed. Ways to improve the methodology of application of tasks in the learning process are identified. On the basis of the theoretical analysis the possibilities of increase of level and quality of knowledge as a result of wide application in educational process of such tasks are shown; the ways of expansion of their functions, improvement of a technique of their application in the course of training are described.
The possibility of using the projectmethod in educational activities, ways to solve the problem of using modern digital technologies at different stages of students' project activities are partially outlined. It is noted that the subject specificity of professional activity of teachers gives the chance to use means of modern communication at various stages of performance of creative projects, combining technical means with the newest educational technologies. The training of future teachers it is effective on the basis of ICT (programming languages, application software, cloud services, Internet resources, etc.).