bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The topography of diet: Orientation patch count predicts diet in turtles
Authors: Shipps Brenlee K. , Peecook Brandon R. , Angielczyk Kenneth D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUse of quantitative morphological methods in biology has increased with the availability of 3D digital data. Rotated orientation patch count (OPCr) leverages such data to quantify the complexity of an animal's feeding surface, and has previously been used to analyze how tooth complexity signals diet in squamates, crocodilians, and mammals. These studies show a strong correlation between dental complexity and diet. However, dietary prediction using this technique has not been tested on the feeding structures of edentulous (toothless) taxa. This study is the first to test the applicability of OPCr to the triturating surface morphology of a beaked clade. Fifty‐five turtle specimens, 42 of which preserved both the skull and rhamphotheca, were categorized into dietary categories based on the food sources comprising 90% or 60% of their diets. Photogrammetric models of each specimen were read into molaR, producing OPCr results. Comparison of bone and rhamphotheca OPCr values shows no significant difference in complexity, implying that bone can suffice for predicting diet from morphology when keratin is absent. Carnivorous taxa have significantly lower OPCr values than herbivorous or omnivorous taxa, showing that feeding surface complexity in edentulous animals varies with diet similarly to tooth complexity in toothed taxa. Comparison of bone OPCr values by family shows that Testudinidae (tortoises) are more complex than Cheloniidae (sea turtles) and Chelydridae (snapping turtles), but that Cheloniidae and Chelydridae are not significantly different from each other. We therefore find that OPCr can be used to differentiate between carnivores and other dietary categories in edentulous taxa.
Indigenous fish traps and fish weirs on the Darling (Baaka) River, south‐eastern Australia, and their influence on the ecology and morphology of the river and floodplains
Authors: Martin Sarah , Chanson Hubert , Bates Badger , Keenan‐Jones Duncan , Westaway Michael C. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTFish traps and fish weirs built by Indigenous people in the Barwon‐Darling River system of the Murray Darling Basin (MDB), south‐eastern Australia, are an important component of their traditional social, spiritual and economic systems. The celebrated Brewarrina stone fish traps (Ngunnhu) on the Barwon River are the largest and best documented stone fish traps in the Basin. However, there has been minimal research on the many other stone fish traps in this system. This paper focusses on the in‐stream stone fish traps downstream of Brewarrina along the Darling (Baaka) River, some still partly extant, remembered, or documented in historical material. Wooden and earthen bank fish traps and weirs, while not as enduring and archaeologically visible as stone fish traps, were frequently used on the Darling (Baaka) floodplain lakes, swamps and billabongs. Archaeological evidence, traditional cultural knowledge and historical materials are utilised to document the complex social processes and modification of landscapes associated with fish traps and weirs. By demonstrating that Barkandji were active and successful managers of the river and its ecology prior to colonisation, and that much of this cultural knowledge is retained by current generations, the authors make a case for them to renew their custodianship and a decision‐making role in water management.
Transition‐metal‐free Synthesis of tetra‐substituted Vinyl Iodides by Cascade Sequential Reaction of α‐Keto Acids, 1‐Iodoalkynes, and Alkyl Halides
Authors: Zeng Xiaobao , Cheng Zhenfeng , Xie Yushan , Gu Yunhui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cascade sequential reaction of α‐keto acids, 1‐iodoalkynes, and alkyl halides are reported herein to synthesize tetra‐substituted vinyl iodides. It represents an efficient protocol to access a diverse range of tetra‐substituted vinyl iodides starting from simple materials in a one‐pot fashion, featuring mild reaction conditions, ease of operation, and broad substrate scope.
Impact of typhoon Soudelor on ozone and water vapor in the Asian monsoon anticyclone western Pacific mode
Authors: Li Dan , Bian Jianchun , Zhang Xin , Vogel Bärbel , Müller Rolf , Günther Gebhard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOzonesonde measurements from Hong Kong and Naha are combined with satellite observations to investigate the vertical structure of ozone and water vapor around the tropopause during typhoon Soudelor over the northwestern Pacific in 2015. The results show that the tropopause height is decreased compared to the mean tropopause during 2000–2017 in the western Pacific mode of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA). The vertical transport associated with Soudelor decreases the ozone concentration by 60% in the upper troposphere. Further the equatorward transport from high latitudes around the western Pacific mode of the ASMA increases ozone concentration by 40% in the lower stratosphere. Cross‐tropopause transport of water is observed above typhoon Soudelor, and water vapor to be enhanced at 80–100 hPa compared to nontyphoon regions. Dehydration is observed below the tropopause around the eye of Soudelor.
Evaluation of empirical pretreatment assessments for developing treatments for expulsion in pediatric feeding disorders
Authors: Scotchie Michaela , Borrero Carrie S. W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA common problem among children with feeding disorders is expulsion (removing or spitting food or drink from the mouth), which interferes with treatment success when the goal is consumption. Previous research has identified effective treatments to reduce expulsion, most commonly—re‐presentation (presenting the expelled bite or a new bite of the same food immediately following the expulsion). However, there is not currently an assessment model in place to inform treatment decisions with a goal to reduce expulsion. In the present study, we used a multielement design to identify conditions under which little or no expulsion occurred with three children with feeding disorders. The results of the assessment were then used to inform treatment selection aimed to eliminate expulsion. The comparisons of the assessment included physical prompt, bite number, texture, preference, bite presentation style, and size of the bite. Results suggest that this assessment was useful for the design of individualized treatments for children who frequently expel food.
Automated detection of intracranial large vessel occlusions using Viz.ai software: Experience in a large, integrated stroke network
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Helms Anna Maria , Satyanarayana Sagar , Yang Hongmei , Clemente Jonathan D. , Defilipp Gary , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Asimos Andrew W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeEndovascular thrombectomy is an evidence‐based treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. Commercially available artificial intelligence has been designed to detect the presence of an LVO on computed tomography angiogram (CTA). We compared Viz.ai‐LVO (San Francisco, CA, USA) to CTA interpretation by board‐certified neuroradiologists (NRs) in a large, integrated stroke network.MethodsFrom January 2021 to December 2021, we compared Viz.ai detection of an internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery first segment (MCA‐M1) occlusion to the gold standard of CTA interpretation by board‐certified NRs for all code stroke CTAs. On a monthly basis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Trend analyses were conducted to evaluate for any improvement of LVO detection by the software over time.Results3851 patients met study inclusion criteria, of whom 220 (5.7%) had an ICA or MCA‐M1 occlusion per NR. Sensitivity and specificity were 78.2% (95% CI 72%–83%) and 97% (95% CI 96%–98%), respectively. PPV was 61% (95% CI 55%–67%), NPV 99% (95% CI 98%–99%), and accuracy was 95.9% (95% CI 95.3%–96.5%). Neither specificity or sensitivity improved over time in the trend analysis.ConclusionsViz.ai‐LVO has high specificity and moderately high sensitivity to detect an ICA or proximal MCA occlusion. The software has the potential to streamline code stroke workflows and may be particularly impactful when emergency access to NRs or vascular neurologists is limited.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ionic liquids containing ketoconazole in patients with tinea pedis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wu Xiying , Shen Min , Wang Huan , He Xue , Tan Jingwen , Wang Ruiping , Yang Lianjuan , Yang Hong , Qi Jianping , Chen Zhongjian , Zhu Quangang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) loading ketoconazole (KCZ) have shown better efficacy on rats with tinea pedis than the marketed Daktarin® but clinical studies are still lacking. In this study, we described the clinical translation of ILs containing KCZ (KCZ‐ILs) from the lab into the clinic and evaluated the efficacy and safety of KCZ‐ILs in patients with tinea pedis. Thirty‐six enrolled participants were randomized to receive either KCZ‐ILs (KCZ, 4.72 mg/g) or Daktarin® (control group; KCZ, 20 mg/g) topically twice daily, making the lesion be covered with a thin layer of medication. The randomized controlled trial lasted for 8 weeks including 4 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks of follow‐up. Primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of treatment success responders, defined as patients achieving negative mycological result and ≥60% relative reduction in total clinical symptom score (TSS) from baseline at week 4. Secondary outcomes mainly for evaluating the relapse of disease included the proportion of treatment success individuals at week 8 and fungal recurrence rate at weeks 2, 3, 4, and 8. After 4 weeks of medication, 47.06% of the KCZ‐ILs subjects were treatment successes compared with only 25.00% of those using Daktarin®. Throughout the trial period, KCZ‐ILs induced a significantly lower recurrence rate (52.94%) than that of control patients (68.75%). Furthermore, KCZ‐ILs were found to be safe and well‐tolerated. In conclusion, ILs loading only 1/4 KCZ dose of Daktarin® showed a better efficacy and safety profile in the management of tinea pedis, creating a new opportunity for the treatment of skin diseases caused by fungal infection and is worthy of clinical application.
Optimizing targeted drug selection in combination therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of safety
Authors: Xie Ruiyang , Wu Jie , Shang Bingqing , Bi Xingang , Jiang Weixing , Cao Chuanzhen , Zhou Aiping , Shi Hongzhe , Shou Jianzhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveFor patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the dose of targeted agents was recommended in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We performed a network meta‐analysis to describe a categorized safety ranking profile and assess the adaptability of the combination options of targeted agents.MethodsThe targeted agents refer to vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF‐TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Randomized controlled trials comparing these drugs were enrolled in a Bayesian model network meta‐analysis.ResultsNineteen clinical trials with 11 treatments and 10,615 patients were included. For grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs), compared with placebo, lenvatinib plus everolimus showed worse safety than all other treatments except for lenvatinib (placebo vs. OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.78). Everolimus was generally the safest agent (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.50–3.14). Sorafenib arose the least renal AEs (placebo vs. OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.06–11.64), whereas lenvatinib plus everolimus had the highest risk of renal toxicity (placebo vs. 0.17 95% CI 0.01–1.02). For gastrointestinal symptoms, everolimus was related to much lower toxicity than other agents. In the respiratory safety analysis, tivozanib (placebo vs. OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.07–0.31) and axitinib (OR 5.43, 95% CI 3.26–9.22) were the riskiest agents. In terms of hepatobiliary (placebo vs. OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.09–2.10) and hemotoxicity (placebo vs. OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.14–7.68) related AEs, lenvatinib was found to be the safest treatment compared to placebo.ConclusionsEverolimus, with the best safety of grade ≥ 3, gastrointestinal, and respiratory AEs, was more likely to be considered for combination therapies. Lenvatinib appears to be the safest for blood/lymphatic and hepatobiliary AEs. For patients with renal disorders, sorafenib arises the least renal toxicity AEs. This study will guide treatment options and optimize the trial design for advanced or metastatic RCC.
Acidic pH‐Triggered Live‐Cell Lysosome Specific Tracking, Ratiometric pH Sensing, and Multicolor Imaging by Visible to NIR Switchable Cy‐7 Dyes
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Saha Pranab Chandra , Kar Samiran , Guha Pampa , Das Rabi Sankar , Bera Tapas , Guha Samit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have demonstrated an efficient synthetic route with crystal structures for the construction of acidic pH‐triggered visible‐to‐NIR interchangeable ratiometric fluorescent pH sensors. This bioresponsive probe exhibits pH‐sensitive reversible absorption/emission features, low cytotoxicity, a huge 322 nm bathochromic spectral shift with augmented quantum yield from neutral to acidic pH, high sensitivity and selective targeting ability of live‐cell lysosomes with ideal pKa, off‐to‐on narrow NIR absorption/fluorescence signals with high molar absorption coefficient at acidic lysosomal lumen, and in‐situ live‐cell pH‐activated ratiometric imaging of lysosomal pH. Selective staining and ratiometric pH imaging in human carcinoma live‐cell lysosomes were monitored by dual‐channel confocal laser scanning microscope using a pH‐activatable organic fluorescent dye comprising a morpholine moiety for lysosome targeting and an acidic pH openable oxazolidine ring. Moreover, real‐time tracking of lysosomes, 3D, and multicolor live‐cell imaging have been achieved using the synthesized pH‐activatable probe.
Tetrelanes versus Tetrylenes as Precursors to Transition Metal Complexes Featuring Tridentate PEP Tetryl Ligands (E=Si, Ge, Sn)
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , García‐Álvarez Pablo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo synthetic approaches have until now been used to synthesize transition metal complexes having a tridentate (pincer or tripod) PEP tetryl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) ligand. These approaches differ in the metal‐free precursor, tetrelane or tetrylene, that gives rise to the corresponding PEP tetryl ligand. Tetrelanes (PSiP silanes, PGeP germanes and PSnP stannanes and simple phosphane‐free stannanes) have led to tetryl ligands by oxidatively adding an E−X bond (X=H, C or halogen in most cases) to the metal atom of a low‐valent transition metal complex, whereas tetrylenes (PGeP germylenes and PSnP stannylenes) have led to tetryl ligands upon insertion of their E atom into an M−X bond (X=Cl in most cases) of the metal precursor or through a derivatization of the E atom after the tetrylene fragment is coordinated to the metal. For each synthetic approach, all the currently known types of PEP tetryl ligand frameworks that have been found in transition metal complexes are presented and discussed in this review.
Combining reduction with synchronization barrier on multi‐core processors
Authors: Mohamed El Maarouf Aboul‐Karim , Giraud Luc , Guermouche Abdou , Guignon Thomas 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWith the rise of multi‐core processors with a large number of cores, the need for shared memory reduction that performs efficiently on a large number of cores is more pressing. Efficient shared memory reduction on these multi‐core processors will help share memory programs be more efficient. In this article, we propose a reduction method combined with a barrier method that uses SIMD read/write instructions to combine barrier signaling and reduction value to minimize memory/cache traffic between cores, thereby reducing barrier latency. We compare different barriers and reduction methods on three multi‐core processors and show that the proposed combining barrier/reduction methods are 4 and 3.5 times faster than respectively GCC 11.1 and Intel 21.2 OpenMP 4.5 reduction.
A Mild, Efficient and Sustainable Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols Promoted by Acidic Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Arnodo Davide , De Nardo Eugenio , Ghinato Simone , Baldino Salvatore , Blangetti Marco , Prandi Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA straightforward protocol to promote the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols, using for the first time bioinspired acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as non‐innocent reaction media under mild reaction conditions, was reported. This approach enables the preparation of several tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers starting from primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols in short reaction times and with high levels of chemoselectivity, working under air and without the need of additional catalyst. The sustainability of the methodology was further highlighted by its scalability and the easy recyclability of the NADES, allowing multigram preparations of THP ethers without any loss of the catalytic activity of the reaction media up to ten recycling steps. Telescoped, one‐pot tetrahydropyranylation/nucleophilic acyl substitution transformations using the same eutectic mixture were also demonstrated.
Comparing ARIA‐E severity scales and effects of treatment management thresholds
Authors: Klein Gregory , Scelsi Marzia A. , Barakos Jerome , Fiebach Jochen B. , Bracoud Luc , Suhy Joyce , Delmar Paul , Lyons Marco , Wojtowicz Jakub , Bullain Szofia , Barkhof Frederik , Purcell Derk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAmyloid‐related imaging abnormalities–edema (ARIA‐E) is associated with anti‐amyloid beta monoclonal antibody treatment. ARIA‐E severity may be assessed using the Barkhof Grand Total Scale (BGTS) or the 3‐ or 5‐point Severity Scales of ARIA‐E (SSAE‐3/SSAE‐5). We assessed inter‐ and intra‐reader correlations between SSAE‐3/5 and BGTS.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 75 participants in the SCarlet RoAD and Marguerite RoAD studies. Three neuroradiologists reviewed scans at baseline and at follow‐up. Concordance in dichotomized ARIA‐E ratings was assessed for a range of BGTS thresholds.ResultsSSAE‐3/5 scores correlated with BGTS scores, with high inter‐reader intraclass correlation coefficients across all scales. There was high agreement in dichotomized ratings for SSAE‐3 > 1 versus BGTS > 3 for all readers (accuracy 0.85–0.93) and between pairs of readers.DiscussionSSAE‐3/5 showed high degrees of correlation with BGTS, potentially allowing seamless transition from the BGTS to SSAE‐3/5 for ARIA‐E management.
Estimating spatially variable and density‐dependent survival using open‐population spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Milleret Cyril , Dey Soumen , Dupont Pierre , Brøseth Henrik , Turek Daniel , de Valpine Perry , Bischof Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOpen‐population spatial capture–recapture (OPSCR) models use the spatial information contained in individual detections collected over multiple consecutive occasions to estimate not only occasion‐specific density, but also demographic parameters. OPSCR models can also estimate spatial variation in vital rates, but such models are neither widely used nor thoroughly tested. We developed a Bayesian OPSCR model that not only accounts for spatial variation in survival using spatial covariates but also estimates local density‐dependent effects on survival within a unified framework. Using simulations, we show that OPSCR models provide sound inferences on the effect of spatial covariates on survival, including multiple competing sources of mortality, each with potentially different spatial determinants. Estimation of local density‐dependent survival was possible but required more data due to the greater complexity of the model. Not accounting for spatial heterogeneity in survival led to up to 10% positive bias in abundance estimates. We provide an empirical demonstration of the model by estimating the effect of country and density on cause‐specific mortality of female wolverines (Gulo gulo) in central Sweden and Norway. The ability to make population‐level inferences on spatial variation in survival is an essential step toward a fully spatially explicit OPSCR model capable of disentangling the role of multiple spatial drivers of population dynamics.
Two 2D Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal‐Organic Complexes Constructed from a New Flexible N‐Donor Ligand with High Capacitance Performances and Low Detection Limits of Cr(VI)
Authors: Lu Jun‐Jun , Lin Hong‐Yan , Liu Qian‐Qian , Chang Zhi‐Han , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Wang Xiu‐Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy designing and using a new flexible bis(pyrimidine)‐bis(amide) ligand H2L [H2L=N,N′‐bis(4‐pyrimidinecarboxamido)‐1,3‐propane], two new polyoxometalate (POM)‐based metal‐organic complexes (MOCs), H3[Cu2(L)2(PMo12O40)] (1) and [Cu2(H2L)2(β‐Mo8O26)] (2), were synthesized under solvothermal and hydrothermal conditions, respectively. In complexes 1 and 2, metal‐organic units and POM anions are linked together to form two distinct 2D structures. The [PMo12O40]3− (PMo12) anions were used as μ4‐bridging ligands in complex 1 and linked the 1D [Cu(L)]n metal‐organic chains to form a 2D layered structure. The [β‐Mo8O26]4− (Mo8) anions adopted two diverse coordination modes in complex 2 and connected the 1D [Cu(H2L)]n2n+ metal‐organic chains to generate a 2D grid structure. Complexes 1–2 can serve as electrode materials of supercapacitor and show large specific capacitances, up to 1065 and 956 F g−1 at current density of 2 A g−1, respectively, which surpass the parent POM and most of the previous reported POM‐based electrode materials, thus demonstrating the important role of introducing metal‐organic units in improving capacitive performances. Besides, the electrocatalytic redox activities of complexes 1–2 were also studied, both of them can be used as electrochemical sensors to detect Cr(VI) ions. They possess high sensitivity of 0.537 and 0.455 μA μM−1 and low detection limits of 0.16 and 0.33 μM, which are below the maximum content of Cr(VI) in groundwater required by the WHO.
Strategies for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Isoxazolines and 2‐Isoxazolin‐5‐ones Bearing Fully Substituted Stereocenters**
Authors: McArthur Gillian , Abel Steven , Volpin Giulio , Barber David M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough there is an abundance of methods for the enantioselective synthesis of 2‐isoxazolines and 2‐isoxazolin‐5‐ones, relatively few of these approaches have been reported when these heterocycles bear fully substituted stereocenters. In this review, we will detail the methods that have been used to successfully accomplish these challenging asymmetric transformations and give insights into their importance, such as allowing access to unique three‐dimensional chemical space. The limitations of the currently known reactions will be discussed, as well as highlighting the future developments needed to advance the research field.
Arylformylacetonitriles in Multicomponent Reactions Leading to Heterocycles
Authors: Zhong Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArylformylacetonitriles are versatile and attractive synthons in organic synthesis owing to their high reactivity. Among the numerous transformations involving arylformylacetonitriles, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer straightforward and effective routes to assemble the reactants into a wide range of five‐ and six‐membered heterocyclic systems including pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, furan, pyridine, pyrimidine, and pyran. This review collects the recent advances and applications of arylformylacetonitriles in MCRs for the synthesis of monocyclic or polycyclic heterocycles published in the literature since 2001.