bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literacy-adapted, electronic family history assessment for genetics referral in primary care: patient user insights from qualitative interviews
Authors: Mittendorf Kathleen F. , Lewis Hannah S. , Duenas Devan M. , Eubanks Donna J. , Gilmore Marian J. , Goddard Katrina A. B. , Joseph Galen , Kauffman Tia L. , Kraft Stephanie A. , Lindberg Nangel M. , Reyes Ana A. , Shuster Elizabeth , Syngal Sapna , Ukaegbu Chinedu , Zepp Jamilyn M. , Wilfond Benjamin S. , Porter Kathryn M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Risk assessment for hereditary cancer syndromes is recommended in primary care, but family history is rarely collected in enough detail to facilitate risk assessment and referral – a roadblock that disproportionately impacts individuals with healthcare access barriers. We sought to qualitatively assess a literacy-adapted, electronic patient-facing family history tool developed for use in diverse, underserved patient populations recruited in the Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM) Study.

Methods
Interview participants were recruited from a subpopulation of CHARM participants who experienced barriers to tool use in terms of spending a longer time to complete the tool, having incomplete attempts, and/or providing inaccurate family history in comparison to a genetic counselor-collected standard. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants about barriers and facilitators to tool use and overall tool acceptability; interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcripts were coded based on a codebook developed using inductive techniques, and coded excerpts were reviewed to identify overarching themes related to barriers and facilitators to family history self-assessment and acceptability of the study tool.

Results
Interviewees endorsed the tool as easy to navigate and understand. However, they described barriers related to family history information, literacy and language, and certain tool functions. Participants offered concrete, easy-to-implement solutions to each barrier. Despite experience barriers to use of the tool, most participants indicated that electronic family history self-assessment was acceptable or preferable in comparison to clinician-collected family history.

Conclusions
Even for participants who experienced barriers to tool use, family history self-assessment was considered an acceptable alternative to clinician-collected family history. Barriers experienced could be overcome with minor adaptations to the current family history tool.

Trial registration
This study is a sub-study of the Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM) trial, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03426878. Registered 8 February 2018.
Unincreased risk of hospitalized infection under targeted therapies versus methotrexate in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sakai Ryoko , Tanaka Eiichi , Majima Masako , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfection is one of the primary concerns during treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in elderly patients. However, infection risk of patients with RA receiving targeted therapy (TT) including biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKIs) in elderly patients are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of hospitalized infection (HI) with TT versus methotrexate (MTX) therapy among young, elderly, and older elderly patients with RA.MethodsUsing Japanese claims data, patients satisfying the following criteria were enrolled: (1) ≥ one ICD10 code for RA; (2) ≥ one prescription of MTX or TT (bDMARDs and JAKIs) between April 2008 and September 2018; and (3) ≥16 years old. We calculated the incidence rate (IR) of HI per 100 patient-years in the young, elderly, and older elderly groups (those aged 16–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years, respectively) and the IR ratio (TT vs. MTX) of HI. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations between HI and TT versus MTX in each group.ResultsThe overall IR of HI per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval) was 3.2 [2.9–3.5], 5.0 [4.6–5.4], and 10.1 [9.5–10.9] in the young, elderly, and older elderly groups, respectively. Concomitant use of MTX or immunosuppressive DMARDs with TT was less frequent in the elderly and older elderly groups. The adjusted odds ratio of TT vs. MTX for HI was 1.3 (1.0–1.7;p= 0.021), 0.79 (0.61–1.0;p= 0.084), and 0.73 (0.56–0.94;p= 0.015) in the young, elderly, and older elderly groups, respectively.ConclusionThe overall IR of HI was increased with age. The risk of HI under TT compared to MTX was not elevated in elderly and older elderly patients after adjusting for patients’ characteristics and concomitant treatments.
Efficacy and safety of HLX01 in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy: a phase 3 study
Authors: Zeng Xiaofeng , Liu Ju , Liu Xiumei , Wu Lijun , Liu Yi , Liao Xiangping , Liu Huaxiang , Hu Jiankang , Lu Xin , Chen Linjie , Xu Jian , Jiang Zhenyu , Lu Fu-ai , Wu Huaxiang , Li Ying , Wang Qingyu , Zhu Jun ,   the HLX01-RA03 Investigators, Sun Lingyun , Wang Meimei , Yu Xiaoxia , Yang Pingting , Zou Qinghua , Xu Baijie , Zhang Hua , Huang Cibo , Bi Liqi , Li Xiaoxia , Cheng Jianzhao , Wei Hua , He Lan , Zhang Hao , Sun Hongsheng , Shuai Zongwen , Zhao Jianhong , Li Yang , Li Rongbin , Li Fengju , Li Xiaomei , Zhang Zhuoli , Qi Wufang , Du Hongwei , Jin Jingchun , Wu Jian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HLX01, a rituximab biosimilar, as combination therapy with methotrexate in Chinese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had inadequate responses to methotrexate.

Methods
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, biologic-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate responses to methotrexate were randomized 2:1 to receive 1000 mg HLX01 or placebo intravenously on days 1 and 15. On the first day of weeks 24 and 26, patients in both groups received 1000 mg HLX01 via intravenous infusion. The primary endpoint was the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response rate at week 24. Secondary endpoints including efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed up to week 48.

Results
Between 28 May 2018 and 11 September 2020, 275 patients were randomized to the HLX01 group (n = 183) or the placebo group (n = 92). At week 24, the proportion of patients achieving ACR20 response was significantly greater in the HLX01 group compared with the placebo group in the intention-to-treat population (60.7% vs 35.9%; P < 0.001) and per-protocol set (60.3% vs 37.1%; P < 0.001). Most secondary efficacy endpoints favoured HLX01 when assessed at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48. Incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between groups. Infusion-related reactions occurred more frequently following the initial two doses of HLX01 than the subsequent doses.

Conclusions
HLX01 plus methotrexate improved clinical outcomes compared with placebo in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had inadequate responses to methotrexate. This treatment regimen was well tolerated, showing comparable safety profiles to placebo.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03522415. Registered on 11 May 2018.
The Myotube Analyzer: how to assess myogenic features in muscle stem cells
Authors: Noë Simon , Corvelyn Marlies , Willems Sarah , Costamagna Domiziana , Aerts Jean-Marie , Van Campenhout Anja , Desloovere Kaat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The analysis of in vitro cultures of human adult muscle stem cells obtained from biopsies delineates the potential of skeletal muscles and may help to understand altered muscle morphology in patients. In these analyses, the fusion index is a commonly used quantitative metric to assess the myogenic potency of the muscle stem cells. Since the fusion index only partly describes myogenic potency, we developed the Myotube Analyzer tool, which combines the definition of the fusion index with extra features of myonuclei and myotubes obtained from satellite cell cultures.

Results
The software contains image adjustment and mask editing functions for preprocessing and semi-automatic segmentation, while other functions can be used to determine the features of nuclei and myotubes. The fusion index and a set of five novel parameters were tested for reliability and validity in a comparison between satellite cell cultures from children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. These novel parameters quantified extra nucleus and myotube properties and can be used to describe nucleus clustering and myotube shape. Two analyzers who were trained in cell culture defined all parameters using the Myotube Analyzer app. Out of the six parameters, five had good reliability reflected by good intra-class correlation coefficients (> 0.75). Children with cerebral palsy were significantly different from the typically developing children (p < 0.05) for five parameters, and for three of the six parameters, these differences exceeded the minimal detectable differences.

Conclusions
The Myotube Analyzer can be used for the analysis of fixed differentiated myoblast cultures with nuclear and MyHC staining. The app can calculate the fusion index, an already existing parameter, but also provides multiple new parameters to comprehensively describe myogenic potential in its output. The raw data used to determine these parameters are also available in the output. The parameters calculated by the tool can be used to detect differences between cultures from children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. Since the program is open source, users can customize it to fit their own analysis requirements.
Using decision-analysis modelling to estimate the economic impact of the identification of unrecognised bipolar disorder in primary care: the untapped potential of screening
Authors: Benacek Jiri , Martin-Key Nayra A. , Spadaro Benedetta , Tomasik Jakub , Bahn Sabine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with bipolar disorder are often unrecognised and misdiagnosed with major depressive disorder leading to higher direct costs and pressure on the medical system. Novel screening tools may mitigate the problem. This study was aimed at investigating the direct costs of bipolar disorder misdiagnosis in the general population, evaluating the impact of a novel bipolar disorder screening algorithm, and comparing it to the established Mood Disorder Questionnaire. A decision analysis model was built to quantify the utility of one-time screening for bipolar disorder in primary care adults presenting with a depressive episode. A hypothetical population of interest comprised a healthcare system of one million users, corresponding to 15,000 help-seekers diagnosed with major depressive disorder annually, followed for five years. The model was used to calculate the impact of screening for bipolar disorder, compared to no screening, in terms of accuracy and total direct costs to a third-party payer at varying diagnostic cut-offs. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate clinical utility.

Results
Compared to no screening, one-time screening for bipolar disorder using the algorithm reduced the number of misdiagnoses from 680 to 260, and overall direct costs from $50,936 to $49,513 per patient, accounting for $21.3 million savings over the five-year period. The algorithm outperformed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, which yielded 367 misdiagnoses and $18.3 million savings over the same time. Decision curve analysis showed the screening model was beneficial.

Conclusions
Utilisation of bipolar disorder screening strategies could lead to a substantial reduction in human suffering by reducing misdiagnosis, and also lessen the healthcare costs.
Trends in western USA fire fuels using historical data and modeling
Authors: Boisramé Gabrielle F. S. , Brown Timothy J. , Bachelet Dominique M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent increases in wildfire activity in the Western USA are commonly attributed to a confluence of factors including climate change, human activity, and the accumulation of fuels due to fire suppression. However, a shortage of long-term forestry measurements makes it difficult to quantify regional changes in fuel loads over the past century. A better understanding of fuel accumulation is vital for managing forests to increase wildfire resistance and resilience. Numerical models provide one means of estimating changes in fuel loads, but validating these models over long timescales and large geographic extents is made difficult by the scarcity of sufficient data. One such model, MC2, provides estimates of multiple types of fuel loads and simulates fire activity according to fuel and climate conditions. We used the Forest Inventory and Analysis Database (FIADB) observed data to validate MC2 estimates of fuel load change over time where possible.

Results
We found that the MC2 model’s accuracy varied geographically, but at a regional scale the distributions of changes in fuel loads were similar to distributions of FIADB values. While FIADB data provided consistent measurement types across a wide geographic area, usable data only spanned approximately 30 years. We therefore supplemented this quantitative validation with a qualitative comparison to data that covered less area, but for much longer time spans: long-term forestry plots outside of the FIA plot network and repeat photography studies. Both model results and long-term studies show increases in fuel loads over the past century across much of the western USA, with exceptions in the Pacific Northwest and other areas. Model results also suggest that not all of the increases are due to fire suppression.

Conclusions
This model validation and aggregation of information from long-term studies not only demonstrate that there have been extensive fuel increases in the western USA but also provide insights into the level of uncertainty regarding fire suppression’s impact on fuel loads. A fuller understanding of changing fuel loads and their impact on fire behavior will require an increase in the number of long-term observational forestry studies.
Dielectric properties of porous rocks with partially saturated fractures from finite-difference modeling
Authors: Bao Hongshuai , Han Tongcheng , Fu Li-Yun 
Published: June 2022

Fractures are common features of geologic rocks, and they have a profound influence on the fluid flow and transport characteristics as well as physical properties of the fracture-bearing rocks. Fractures are frequently partially saturated in hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the dielectric properties that are highly sensitive to the fluid types and concentrations are useful tools for the quantitative characterization of reservoir rocks with partially saturated fractures. However, the effects of partially saturated fractures on the dielectric properties of the porous rock are still poorly understood. Based on a 3D finite-difference model, we have bridged this knowledge gap by studying the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of a porous carbonate rock with partially saturated fractures obtained by the brine-displacing oil simulation. We find that the conductivity and high-frequency (higher than approximately 1 MHz) relative permittivity generally increase, whereas the low-frequency relative permittivity and peak dielectric loss decrease with the increasing brine saturation. We also find that the partially saturated fractured rock with lower brine saturation exhibits a greater low-frequency relative permittivity and maximum dielectric loss factor than the cases in which the fractures are completely filled with oil. A systematic investigation based on simplified intersecting fracture models suggests that the oil-brine distribution is the main reason for the abnormal dielectric responses of the low-frequency relative permittivity and the maximum dielectric loss factor at low brine saturations. The results provide new insights for the comprehensive understanding of the frequency-dependent dielectric responses of fractured sedimentary rocks and will pave the way for the quantification of the brine saturation in partially saturated fractures.
Maternal Lipid Metabolism Is Associated With Neonatal Adiposity: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rojas-Rodriguez Raziel , Price Lori Lyn , Somogie Jessica , Hauguel-de Mouzon Sylvie , Kalhan Satish C , Catalano Patrick M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Pregnancy is characterized by progressive decreases in glucose insulin sensitivity. Low insulin sensitivity resulting in hyperglycemia is associated with higher neonatal adiposity. However, less is known regarding lipid metabolism, particularly lipid insulin sensitivity in pregnancy and neonatal adiposity.

Objective
Because higher maternal prepregnancy body mass index is strongly associated with both hyperlipidemia and neonatal adiposity, we aimed to examine the longitudinal changes in basal and clamp maternal lipid metabolism as contributors to neonatal adiposity.

Methods
Twelve women planning a pregnancy were evaluated before pregnancy, in early (12-14 weeks), and late (34-36 weeks) gestation. Body composition was estimated using hydrodensitometry. Basal and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp glucose and glycerol turnover (GLYTO) were measured using 2H2-glucose and 2H5-glycerol and substrate oxidative/nonoxidative metabolism with indirect calorimetry. Total body electrical conductivity was used to estimate neonatal body composition.

Results
Basal free-fatty acids decreased with advancing gestation (P = 0.0210); however, basal GLYTO and nonoxidative lipid metabolism increased over time (P = 0.0046 and P = 0.0052, respectively). Further, clamp GLYTO and lipid oxidation increased longitudinally over time (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0238, respectively). There was a median 50% increase and significant positive correlation during both basal and clamp GLYTO from prepregnancy through late gestation. Neonatal adiposity correlated with late pregnancy basal and clamp GLYTO (r = 0.6515, P = 0.0217; and r = 0.6051, P = 0.0371).

Conclusions
Maternal prepregnancy and late pregnancy measures of basal and clamp lipid metabolism are highly correlated. Late pregnancy basal and clamp GLYTO are significantly associated with neonatal adiposity and account for ~40% of the variance in neonatal adiposity. These data emphasize the importance of maternal lipid metabolism relating to fetal fat accrual.
Irish Postcolonial Studies, 1980–2021
Authors: Cleary Joe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay contests the idea that Irish postcolonial studies is a diminished field in contemporary Ireland, instead contending that it has been a sustained and significant critical force in Irish studies for over four decades and will likely remain so. The Irish “decade of centenaries,” international protests against institutional racism, and “decolonizing the university” controversies have brought issues of colonialism, racism, and empire to new prominence in Irish society and encouraged the take-up of postcolonial critique in Irish historiography, political studies, and other disciplines. The essay surveys the achievements and limitations of Irish postcolonial studies, primarily in the field of cultural analysis, since the 1980s and concludes with an assessment of major challenges ahead. The crises of contemporary global capitalism, it suggests, will impel postcolonial studies not just to engage received histories of empire and anti-imperial struggle but also to consider current conjunctures in terms of postcapitalist futures.
Ireland’s Commodity Frontiers
Authors: Smith Cathal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Commodity frontiers are transnational zones of ecological exploitation that have provided agricultural products and raw materials for international markets since the early modern era. As such, commodity frontiers have played a crucial role in the expansion and development of global capitalism by supplying items including cereals, meat, cotton, sugar, coal, iron, and oil. This article argues that rural Ireland was part of capitalism’s commodity frontiers from the sixteenth century and demonstrates how changing patterns of Irish livestock and grain production—as well as related local and national socioeconomic changes—were tied to global trends and influences. This article also suggests that the case study of the history of Irish agriculture within the context of the world economy’s commodity frontiers contributes to the debates surrounding the historiographical movement associated with the new history of capitalism.
“He is a Morfidite and Needs a Man”
Authors: Raheja Michelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay focuses on queer Indigenous life in the early twentieth century through an analysis of the archive of Nabor Feliz, an Indigenous sculptor who toured with major circuses. In the essay, the author employs queer critique and Indigenous theory to contend that the circus offered Feliz opportunities for Indigenous expressions of sexuality that might not have been otherwise afforded them in this period. The essay is based on an examination of the photographs, letters, and newspaper articles in the archive, which is housed at the Southwest Museum. To the author's knowledge, this is the first article-length piece on the complexities of queer Indigenous life in the first half of the twentieth century and the first study of Feliz's life and work.
Factors affecting gestation periods in elasmobranch fishes
Authors: Tokunaga Soma , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Kawano Mai , Kawabata Yuuki 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Gestation periods vary greatly across elasmobranch species. Differences in body size and body temperature (i.e. major determinants of metabolic rates) might explain such variation. Although temperature effects have been demonstrated for captive animals, body size effects remain undocumented. Moreover, whether metabolic rates of mothers or those of embryos affect gestation periods remains unclear. Because biological times generally scale with mass1−β, where β is metabolic scaling exponent (0.8–0.9 in fishes), we hypothesized that elasmobranch gestation periods would scale with mass0.1–0.2. We also hypothesized that regionally endothermic species with elevated metabolic rates should have shorter gestation periods than similar-sized ectothermic species if the metabolic rates of mothers are responsible. We compiled data on gestation periods for 36 elasmobranch species to show that gestation periods scale with M0.11 and m0.17, where M and m are adult female mass and birth mass, respectively. Litter size and body temperature also affected gestation periods. Our findings suggest that the body-mass dependence of metabolic rate explains some variations in elasmobranch gestation periods. Unexpectedly, regionally endothermic sharks did not have shorter gestation periods than their ectothermic counterparts, suggesting that the metabolic rates of embryos, which are likely ectothermic in all elasmobranch species, may be responsible.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Enhancer-gene specificity in development and disease
Authors: Pachano Tomás , Haro Endika , Rada-Iglesias Alvaro 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Enhancers control the establishment of spatiotemporal gene expression patterns throughout development. Over the past decade, the development of new technologies has improved our capacity to link enhancers with their target genes based on their colocalization within the same topological domains. However, the mechanisms that regulate how enhancers specifically activate some genes but not others within a given domain remain unclear. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into the factors controlling enhancer specificity, including the genetic composition of enhancers and promoters, the linear and 3D distance between enhancers and their target genes, and cell-type specific chromatin landscapes. We also discuss how elucidating the molecular principles of enhancer specificity might help us to better understand and predict the pathological consequences of human genetic, epigenetic and structural variants.