bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Farming Question: Intergenerational Linkages, Gender and Youth Aspirations in Rural Zambia☆
Authors: Ogunjimi Oluwafemi , Daum Thomas , Kariuki Juliet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith agriculture considered key to generating jobs for Africa's growing population, several studies have explored youth aspirations toward farming. While many factors explaining aspirations have been well studied, little is known about the actors' shaping aspirations. We developed a novel framework that focuses on the factors and actors shaping the formation and actual aspirations of rural youth and applied a unique “whole‐family” approach based on mixed‐methods data collection from adolescents (boys and girls) and corresponding adults. We applied this approach in rural Zambia, collecting data from 348 adolescents and adults in 87 households. The study finds that parents strongly shape youth aspirations—they are much more influential than siblings, peers, church, and media. Male youth are more likely to envision farming (full or part‐time) than female youth. The male preference for farming reflects their parent's aspirations and is reinforced by the patriarchal system of land inheritance. Parents' farm characteristics, such as degree of mechanization, are also associated with aspirations. We recommend a “whole‐family” approach, which acknowledges the influential role of parents, for policies and programs for rural youth and a stronger focus on gender aspects.
Identification and characterization of murine glycoprotein 2‐expressing intestinal dendritic cells
Authors: Luda Katarzyna M. , Da Silva Clement , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Mowat Allan Mcl. , Ohno Hiroshi , Kotarsky Knut , Agace William W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains distinct subsets of classical dendritic cells (cDC), each playing key non‐redundant roles in intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we show that glycoprotein 2 (GP2), a GPI‐anchored protein and receptor for bacterial type‐I fimbriae, is selectively expressed by CD103+CD11b+ cDC in the murine small intestine (SI). GP2 expression was induced on CD103+CD11b+ cDC within the SI‐LP and was regulated by IRF4, TGFβR1‐ and retinoic acid signalling. Mice selectively lacking Gp2 on CD103+CD11b+ cDC (huLang‐Cre.gp2fl/fl mice) had normal numbers and proportions of innate and adaptive immune cells in the SI‐LP suggesting that GP2 expression by CD103+CD11b+ cDC is not required for intestinal immune homoeostasis.
Worldless futures: On the allure of ‘worlds to come’
Authors: Dekeyser Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the conceptual, discursive, and political inclination within spatial and social thought towards enacting ‘new worlds’, ‘worlds to come’, and ‘possible worlds’. Against the backdrop of this diffuse habit, which I refer to as ‘worldly futuring’, the paper calls attention to the ongoing challenge posed by worldlessness. It asks: what is lost, existentially or politically, in prioritising world‐building over world‐ending? Articulating a response to this question, the paper examines how the investment in future worlds functions, what it secures, and what it indemnifies against. Definitionally, ‘world’ lacks the ethical designation required to explain its signalling function as a positive horizon of futurity. Worldly futuring instead relies on three connected affirmations: world presents the promise of (meta)stability, of commonality, and of meaning. In prioritising these affirmations, worldly futuring immunises itself against the possibility of their radical absence or violent undoing, thereby working around, against, or sublating the threat of worldlessness. However, building on the scholarship of Derrida on worldless alterity and theorists of black negativity's political calls for the ‘end of the world’, the central argument of the paper is that working‐away worldlessness is neither inherently possible nor necessarily desirable. Despite any attempt at immunisation, worldlessness haunts any project of worldly futuring, showing us that the assumed connection between world and futurity may well be an obstacle to radical futures.
Patient-reported outcome instruments assessing the involvement of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in their treatment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lassen Rikke Bjerre , Abild Caroline Bruun , Kristensen Kurt , Kristensen Lene Juel , Jensen Annesofie Lunde 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify available patient-reported outcome instruments used to assess the experience of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes of being involved in their treatment. Specifically, this review will examine the content, structure, and application of these instruments.

Introduction:
It is considered meaningful to involve children and adolescents living with a chronic health condition, such as type 1 diabetes, in their own treatment. Despite a growing interest in patient involvement within pediatric health care, including the use of patient-reported outcomes, only a few patient-reported outcome instruments have been developed and are used to evaluate the experience of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes of being involved in their own treatment.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will examine patient-reported outcome instruments used to assess the experience of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 11 to 18 years of age) of being involved in their own care. Patient-reported outcome instruments measuring parents’ or clinicians’ experiences of involvement will be excluded.

Methods:
The proposed review will follow JBI guidelines and all stages will involve 2 or more reviewers. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, JSTOR, and MedNar will be searched without limitations on the year or language of publication. Literature that is not written in English will be translated. Data extraction, charting, and analysis will be guided by a template developed for this review focusing on the content, structure, and application of the patient-reported outcome instruments. Any modifications will be detailed in the review and data will be presented in a descriptive format.
Investigating the Effects of Applying Different Actigraphy Processing Approaches to Examine the Sleep Data of Patients With Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Coyle-Asbil Hannah J. , Bhatia Anuj , Lim Andrew , Singh Mandeep 
Published: September 2022

Individuals suffering from neuropathic pain commonly report issues associated with sleep. To measure sleep in this population, researchers have used actigraphy. Historically, actigraphy data have been analyzed in the form of counts; however, due to the proprietary nature, many opt to quantify data in its raw form. Various processing techniques exist to accomplish this; however, it remains unclear how they compare to one another. This study sought to compare sleep measures derived using the GGIR R package versus the GENEActiv (GA) R Markdown tool in a neuropathic pain population. It was hypothesized that the processing techniques would yield significantly different sleep outcomes. One hundred and twelve individuals (mean age = 52.72 ± 13.01 years; 60 M) with neuropathic pain in their back and/or lower limbs were included. While simultaneously undergoing spinal cord stimulation, actigraphy devices were worn on the wrist for a minimum of 7 days (GA; 50 Hz). Upon completing the protocol, sleep outcome measures were calculated using (a) the GGIR R package and (b) the GA R Markdown tool. To compare these algorithms, paired-samples t tests and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare the total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset time, and rise times. According to the paired-samples t test, the GA R Markdown yielded lower total sleep time and sleep efficiency and a greater wake after sleep onset, compared with the GGIR package. Furthermore, later sleep onset times and earlier rise times were reported by the GGIR package compared with the GA R Markdown.
Predicting the Presence of Active Schools: A National Survey of School Principals in the United States
Authors: Dauenhauer Brian , Ha Taemin , Webster Collin , Erwin Heather , Centeio Erin , Papa Jillian , Burgeson Charlene 
Published: September 2022

Background: Principals are key to the promotion of physical activity (PA) in schools. The purpose of this study was to understand how school principals’ PA values, behaviors, and individual and school characteristics were associated with the presence of an active school. Methods: A representative sample of 1019 school principals in the United States was surveyed. Survey items addressed principals’ values and behaviors associated with PA, individual and school demographic factors, such as years of experience and school level, and a single item asking whether principals perceived their school to be an active school (ie, provides students with opportunities to be physically active before, during, and after the school day). Significant variables from a cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis were added to a hierarchical logistic regression model to assess the predictive properties of principal values and behaviors as they relate to the presence of an active school. Results: Approximately half of principals (47%) reported having an active school. The model significantly predicted the presence of an active school but accounted for only 6.6% of the total variance. Although values toward PA and more frequent personal PA behaviors were associated with the presence of an active school within the cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis, neither variable emerged as a significant predictor in the regression model. Conclusions: Principals’ personal PA values and behaviors contribute to the presence of an active school, but other variables, including years of experience and school contextual factors, are more powerful predictors.
Automatic interpretation and clinical evaluation for fundus fluorescein angiography images of diabetic retinopathy patients by deep learning
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Pan Xiangji , Shao Ji , Jiang Xiaoyu , Su Zhaoan , Jin Kai , Ye Juan 
Published: September 2022

Background/aims
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an important technique to evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other retinal diseases. The interpretation of FFA images is complex and time-consuming, and the ability of diagnosis is uneven among different ophthalmologists. The aim of the study is to develop a clinically usable multilevel classification deep learning model for FFA images, including prediagnosis assessment and lesion classification.

Methods
A total of 15 599 FFA images of 1558 eyes from 845 patients diagnosed with DR were collected and annotated. Three convolutional neural network (CNN) models were trained to generate the label of image quality, location, laterality of eye, phase and five lesions. Performance of the models was evaluated by accuracy, F-1 score, the area under the curve and human-machine comparison. The images with false positive and false negative results were analysed in detail.

Results
Compared with LeNet-5 and VGG16, ResNet18 got the best result, achieving an accuracy of 80.79%–93.34% for prediagnosis assessment and an accuracy of 63.67%–88.88% for lesion detection. The human-machine comparison showed that the CNN had similar accuracy with junior ophthalmologists. The false positive and false negative analysis indicated a direction of improvement.

Conclusion
This is the first study to do automated standardised labelling on FFA images. Our model is able to be applied in clinical practice, and will make great contributions to the development of intelligent diagnosis of FFA images.
Independent and joint associations of weightlifting and aerobic activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Gorzelitz Jessica , Trabert Britton , Katki Hormuzd A , Moore Steven C , Watts Eleanor L , Matthews Charles E 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesBoth aerobic moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) are recommended, but the mortality benefits of weightlifting, a specific type of MSE, are limited.MethodsIn the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations between weightlifting and mortality, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle and behavioural risk factors. The sample included 99 713 adults who completed the follow-up questionnaire that assessed weightlifting who were subsequently followed up through 2016 to determine mortality (median 9, IQR 7.6–10.6 years).ResultsMean age at the follow-up questionnaire was 71.3 (IQR 66–76) years, 52.6% female, with mean body mass index of 27.8 (SD 4.9) kg/m2. Weightlifting was associated with a 9% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.91 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.94)) and CVD mortality (0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.97)) after adjusting for MVPA. Joint models revealed that adults who met aerobic MVPA recommendations but did not weightlift had a 32% lower all-cause mortality risk (HR=0.68 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.70)), while those who also reported weightlifting 1–2 times/week had a 41% lower risk (HR=0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.64)), both compared with adults reporting no aerobic MVPA or weightlifting. Without adjustment for MVPA, weightlifting was associated with lower cancer mortality (HR=0.85 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.91)).ConclusionWeightlifting and MVPA were associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, but not cancer mortality. Adults who met recommended amounts of both types of exercise appeared to gain additional benefit.
Parents’ and teachers’ attitudes to and experiences of the implementation of COVID-19 preventive measures in primary and secondary schools following reopening of schools in autumn 2020: a descriptive cross-sectional survey
Authors: Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Bertran Marta , Kall Meaghan , Ireland Georgina , Aiano Felicity , Powell Annabel , Jones Samuel E , Brent Andrew J , Brent Bernadette E , Baawuah Frances , Okike Ifeanychukwu , Beckmann Joanne , Garstang Joanna , Ahmad Shazaad , Sundaram Neisha , Bonell Chris , Langan Sinéad M , Hargreaves James , Ladhani Shamez N 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo assess implementation and ease of implementation of control measures in schools as reported by staff and parents.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional survey.SettingStaff and parents/guardians of the 132 primary schools and 19 secondary schools participating in COVID-19 surveillance in school kids (sKIDs and sKIDsPLUS Studies).Main outcome measurePrevalence of control measures implemented in schools in autumn 2020, parental and staff perception of ease of implementation.ResultsIn total, 56 of 151 (37%) schools participated in this study, with 1953 parents and 986 staff members completing the questionnaire. Most common measures implemented by schools included regular hand cleaning for students (52 of 56, 93%) and staff (70 of 73, 96%), as reported by parents and staff, respectively, and was among the easiest to implement at all times for students (57%) and even more so, for staff (78%). Maintaining 2-metre distancing was less commonly reported for students (24%–51%) as it was for staff (81%–84%), but was one of the most difficult to follow at all times for students (25%) and staff (16%) alike. Some measures were more commonly reported by primary school compared to secondary school parents, including keeping students within the same small groups (28 of 41, 68% vs 8 of 15, 53%), ensuring the same teacher for classes (29 of 41, 71% vs 6 of 15, 40%). On the other hand, wearing a face covering while at school was reported by three-quarters of secondary school parents compared with only parents of 4 of 41 (10%) primary schools. Other measures such as student temperature checks (5%–13%) and advising staff work from home if otherwise healthy (7%–15%) were rarely reported.ConclusionsVariable implementation of infection control measures was reported, with some easier to implement (hand hygiene) than others (physical distancing).
Sexual behaviour changes and HIV infection among men who have sex with men: evidence from an open cohort in China
Authors: Yu Zeyang , Zhang Tian-Tian , Wang Xiaomeng , Chang Qinxue , Huang Huijie , Zhang Honglu , Song Desheng , Yu Maohe , Yang Jie , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Changping , Cui Zhuang , Ma Jun 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe HIV epidemic in key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) is a public health issue of worldwide concern. China has seen an increase in newly diagnosed HIV infections through male–male sexual contact in the past decade. In a long-term cohort, how the complex behaviour pattern of MSM changed and the association with the HIV risk are unclear at present.MethodsThis study was conducted from October 2011 to December 2019 in Tianjin. MSM were recruited by snowball sampling through online and offline ways. Demographic and sexual behavioural data were collected for analysis. Three indicators (condom use in last anal sex, frequency of condom use during anal sex and the number of sexual partners) were used to define the behaviour change. Participants with zero, one, and two or three risk indicators were categorised into behaviour types of ‘protective’, ‘moderate’, and ‘fragile’, respectively. Change in behaviour type between baseline and each visit was considered. Time-varying Cox models were performed to evaluate HIV infection risk.ResultsOf 2029 MSM included in the study, 127 were new HIV diagnoses. The overall incidence rate was 3.36 per 100 person-years. The percentage of ‘protective’ and ‘moderate’ behaviour types had a conspicuous growth trend as the follow-up. Furthermore, the HIV incidence rate in each visit among different behaviour transition types showed a general downward trend as the number of total follow-up times increased. Individuals who remained in ‘fragile’ (adjusted HR (aHR): 25.86, 95% CI: 6.92 to 96.57) or changed from ‘protective’ to ‘moderate’ (aHR: 4.79, 95% CI: 1.18 to 19.47), ‘protective’ to ‘fragile’ (aHR: 23.03, 95% CI: 6.02 to 88.13), and ‘moderate’ to ‘fragile’ (aHR: 25.48, 95% CI: 6.79 to 95.40) between baseline and the last follow-up had a higher HIV risk. Gained risk indicators were associated with the increase of HIV risk (gained one indicator, aHR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.68 to 4.24; gained two or three indicators, aHR: 4.99, 95% CI: 3.00 to 8.31) while losing just one risk indicator could halve the risk (aHR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.90).ConclusionsAmong MSM in Tianjin, it is necessary to get timely behaviour change for those with high-incidence behaviour patterns while sustaining for those with low-incidence patterns.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2000039500).
Prenatal marijuana exposure and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jones Michael James , Lotfi Asma , Lin Amber , Gievers Ladawna L , Hendrickson Robert , Sheridan David C 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesPrevious literature on the effects of marijuana exposure on neonatal outcomes has been limited by the reliance on maternal self-report. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of prenatal marijuana exposure on neonatal outcomes in infants with marijuana exposure confirmed with meconium drug testing.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsMeconium drug screens obtained on infants born in a hospital system in the Pacific Northwest in the USA over a 2.5-year period. 1804 meconium drug screens were initially obtained, with 1540 drug screens included in the analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNeonates with meconium drug screens positive for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) only were compared with neonates with negative drug screens. The following neonatal outcomes were examined: gestational age, preterm birth (<37 weeks), birth weight, low birth weight (defined as birth weight <2.5 kg), length, head circumference, Apgar scores and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Using multivariable logistical and linear regression, we controlled for confounding variables.Results1540 meconium drug screens were included in the analysis, with 483 positive for delta-9-THC only. Neonates exposed to delta-9-THC had significantly lower birth weight, head circumference and length (p<0.001). Neonates with THC exposure had 1.9 times the odds (95% CI 1.3 to 2.7, p=0.001) of being defined as low birth weight. Birth weight was on average 0.16 kg lower (95% CI 0.10 to 0.22, p<0.001) in those exposed to THC.ConclusionsPrenatal marijuana exposure was significantly associated with decreases in birth weight, length and head circumference, and an increased risk of being defined as low birth weight. These findings add to the previous literature demonstrating possible negative effects of prenatal marijuana use on neonatal outcomes.
Researching the hard-to-reach: a scoping review protocol of digital health research in hidden, marginal and excluded populations
Authors: Belt Rachel Victoria , Rahimi Kazem , Cai Samuel 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is a significant growth in the use of digital technology and methods in health-related research, further driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This has offered a potential to apply digital health research in hidden, marginalised and excluded populations who are traditionally not easily reached due to economic, societal and legal barriers. To better inform future digital health studies of these vulnerable populations, we proposed a scoping review to comprehensively map published evidence and guidelines on the applications and challenges of digital health research methods to hard-to-reach communities.Methods and analysisThis review will follow the Arksey and O’ Malley methodological framework for scoping reviews. The framework for the review will employ updated methods developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute including the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Scoping Review checklist. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and Greenfile are the identified databases for peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies in-scope of the review. Grey literature focused on guidance and best practice in digital health research, and hard-to-reach populations will also be searched following published protocols. The review will focus on literature published between 1 February 2012 and 1 February 2022. Two reviewers are engaged in the review. After screening the title and abstract to determine the eligibility of each article, a thorough full-text review of eligible articles will be conducted using a data extraction framework. Key extracted information will be mapped in tabular and visualised summaries to categorise the breadth of literature and identify key digital methods, including their limitations and potential, for use in hard-to-reach populations.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. The results of the scoping review will consist of peer-reviewed publications, presentations and knowledge mobilisation activities including a lay summary posted via social media channels and production of a policy brief.