bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of rare earth on microstructure and properties of niobiumizing layer on GCr15 steel for pin shaft
Authors: Meng Lingyao , Shang Jian , Zhang Mengjiu , Xie Aijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The powder pack cementation was used for niobiumizing treatment of GCr15 pin steel, and the effects of different rare earth types and contents on microstructure and properties of niobiumizing layer were investigated. Optical microscope, x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, electrochemical workstation and ball-disk friction wear machine were used to observe the structure and evaluate the properties of the niobiumizing layer. And the kinetics and mechanism of niobiumizing layer with rare earths was explored. The results show that a dense and continuous niobiumizing layer formed under different rare earth types and contents condition. The layer is 3 μm-15 μm in average thickness, 1800 HV0.2-2500 HV0.2 in average microhardness and is composed of NbCx compound and α-Fe. Comprehensive comparison, La2O3 can significantly improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the niobiumizing layer. The self-corrosion potential of niobiumizing layer is −0.5759 V, the corrosion current density is 5.2365 × 10−7 A cm−2, and the average friction coefficient is 0.385 when La2O3 is added at 2%.
An evaluation of the loading direction sensitivity of 3D woven composite with novel web-shaped Z-binder architecture
Authors: Panwar Arpit , Neelakrishnan S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
3D orthogonal (ORT) through-thickness woven composites have excellent out-of-plane properties but exhibit inferior in-plane properties and are loading sensitive. This study proposes a novel web-shaped orientation of z-binder architecture in 3D orthogonal through-thickness model with in-plane uniform elastic moduli to address this drawback. On-axis tensile, Off-axis tensile and In-plane Shear tests were performed on the four macroscale models (ORTon, WEBon, ORToff, WEBoff). The ORT model, validated by data from the literature, was used as a reference for the proposed WEB model. The overall fibre volume fraction of the WEBon, and WEBoff models were 7.07% and 8.67% lower than the ORTon, and ORToff models. In the on-axis tensile test, the Ex and Ey were lower by 16.89% and 2.66% for WEBon model, but in the off-axis tensile test, they were higher by 13.75% and 13.77% for WEBoff models. The Gxy was 10.96% lower for WEBon model. The difference between the Ex and Ey under on-axis loading conditions was 14.81% for ORT model, whereas 0.22% for WEB model. Thus, the proposed WEB shaped z-binder architecture model outperforms the ORT model under the off-axis and is comparable in transverse loading conditions. It also possesses loading direction insensitivity, unlike the ORT model.
Effect of the microstructure on the corrosion behavior of dissimilar friction stir-welded 304 austenitic stainless steel and Q235 low-carbon steel joints
Authors: Wang Hongduo , Zhang Chengwen , Zhou Zhiyong , Zhang Yunzi , Wang Kuaishe , Wang Wen , Han Peng , Lu Yongxin , Li Xiao , Liu Yanming , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhou Yong , Xu Xueli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To investigate the effect of the microstructure on the corrosion behavior of the dissimilar friction stir welded (FSW) joint between 304 stainless steel (SS304) and Q235 low-carbon steel, the microstructure of the joint in this work was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction. The corrosion behavior in different zones of the joint was evaluated by the electrochemical tests, and the corresponding corrosion morphologies were illustrated via SEM and laser confocal scanning microscopy. According to the results, plenty of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and a low proportion of twin boundaries (TBs) deteriorated the corrosion resistance on the SS304 side of the joint. The corrosion products of the SS304 side mainly included γ-Fe2O3, FeCrO4, and Cr2O3, while those of the Q235 steel side were α-Fe2O3 and α-FeOOH. The corrosion mechanism in the stir zone (SZ) was galvanic corrosion between proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite on the Q235 steel side, during which the austenite remained uncorroded, whereas the proeutectoid ferrite, pearlite, and bainite were severely corroded. The above results indicated that the uniform distribution of mixed structures and a small area proportion of austenite (cathode) would improve the corrosion resistance in the SZ.
Mesoporous silica dispersed Co3O4-CuO nanocomposite and its catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Ma Yunlei , Zhu Yunjing , Yue Haopeng , Jiang Guojian , Wu Dandan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Herein, a catalyst Co3O4-CuO nanocomposite uniformly dispersed on mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN) has been successfully synthesized through hydrothermal method. The synthesis method is simple and convenient, the prepared Co3O4-CuO nanocomposites have high dispersibility, and the support SiO2 maintains the structure of mesoporous nanospheres. What’s more, the porous structure enables the obtained composite to have a high specific surface area (128.89 m2 g−1), which is easier to be contacted by catalytic substrates. The catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) was investigated. The results show that the nanocomposite catalyst Co3O4-CuO@MSN present good catalytic performance, which can completely convert 4-NP to 4-AP in 200 s and the reaction rate constant k is up to 0.149 s−1. More important, the possible degradation mechanism was also proposed in the paper.
Does the metric matter? Climate change impacts of light-duty vehicle electrification in the US
Authors: Milovanoff Alexandre , MacLean Heather L , Abdul-Manan Amir F N , Posen I Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vehicle electrification is one of the most promising climate change mitigation strategies for light-duty vehicles (LDVs). But vehicle electrification shifts the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profiles of conventional LDVs with emissions moving upstream from vehicle use to electricity generation and vehicle production. Electric vehicle (EV) deployment needs to be examined with life cycle assessment (LCA), both at vehicle and fleet levels. Climate change assessments of EVs are usually conducted using global warming potential (GWP), a normalized metric that aggregates GHG emissions. GWP suffers from some limitations as it ignores the emission timing over the product life cycle. In this study, we examine climate change impacts of four vehicle technologies (conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles) in the US at vehicle and fleet levels using four climate change metrics (GWP, dynamic global warming impact, radiative forcing impact and global temperature change impact). One of our key findings is that while the choices of the metric, the analytical time period, and some other key parameters, such as methane leakage rate, may have substantial influences on the results, partial and full electrification remain effective solutions to reduce climate change impacts of the US LDVs. However, the transient effects that exist between GHG emissions, radiative forcing, and global temperature changes imply that climate change impact reductions of vehicle electrification take time to materialize and are overestimated with GWP. It is therefore critical to evaluate large-scale implications of climate change mitigation strategies with multiple metrics to fully capture and assess the expected benefits. We nonetheless found that GWP is a robust metric for climate change mitigation targets of vehicle electrification and remains a good choice for most analysis.
Amphibian-derived peptide homodimer OA-GL17d promotes skin wound regeneration through the miR-663a/TGF-β1/Smad axis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Ying , Zeng Lin , Liu Yixiang , Sun Huiling , Li Shanshan , Wang Siyu , Shu Longjun , Liu Naixin , Yin Saige , Wang Junsong , Ni Dan , Wu Yutong , Yang Ying , He Li , Meng Buliang , Yang Xinwang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Amphibian-derived peptides exhibit considerable potential in the discovery and development of new therapeutic interventions for clinically challenging chronic skin wounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also considered promising targets for the development of effective therapies against skin wounds. However, further research in this field is anticipated. This study aims to identify and provide a new peptide drug candidate, as well as to explore the underlying miRNA mechanisms and possible miRNA drug target for skin wound healing.

Methods
A combination of Edman degradation, mass spectrometry and cDNA cloning were adopted to determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide that was fractionated from the secretion of Odorrana andersonii frog skin using gel-filtration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The toxicity of the peptide was evaluated by Calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) double staining against human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), hemolytic activity against mice blood cells and acute toxicity against mice. The stability of the peptide in plasma was also evaluated. The prohealing potency of the peptide was determined by MTS, scratch healing and a Transwell experiment against HaCaT cells, full-thickness injury wounds and scald wounds in the dorsal skin of mice. miRNA transcriptome sequencing analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms.

Results
A novel peptide homodimer (named OA-GL17d) that contains a disulfide bond between the 16th cysteine residue of the peptide monomer and the sequence ‘GLFKWHPRCGEEQSMWT’ was identified. Analysis showed that OA-GL17d exhibited no hemolytic activity or acute toxicity, but effectively promoted keratinocyte proliferation and migration and strongly stimulated the repair of full-thickness injury wounds and scald wounds in the dorsal skin of mice. Mechanistically, OA-GL17d decreased the level of miR-663a to increase the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and activate the subsequent TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, thereby resulting in accelerated skin wound re-epithelialization and granular tissue formation.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that OA-GL17d is a new peptide drug candidate for skin wound repair. This study emphasizes the importance of exogenous peptides as molecular probes for exploring competing endogenous RNA mechanisms and indicates that miR-663a may be an effective target for promoting skin repair.
A Decade of GigaScience: Milestones in Open Science
Authors: Edmunds Scott C , Zauner Hans , Nogoy Nicole A , Zhou Hongling , Zhang Hongfang , Goodman Laurie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Open Science has gained momentum over the past decade, and embracing that, GigaScience, from its launch a decade ago has aimed at pushing scientific publishing beyond just making articles open access toward making the entire research process open and available as an embedded part of the publishing process. Before the journal's launch in July 2012, the editors aimed to make publishing more than a narrative presentation of work already done into a fully open process. Major milestones include creating our own data repository, embracing FAIR principles, promoting and integrating preprints, and working with other platforms to contribute to a 21st century publishing infrastructure. Almost 10 years after GigaScience’s launch, UNESCO published its Open Science Recommendations. With these in mind, looking back, we are happy to have contributed in various ways to UNESCO's aim to “foster a culture of Open Science and aligning incentives for Open Science” from the very beginning, and, more, to use those recommendations to guide our path into the future: to truly embrace the full spectrum of information, tools, and access to Open Science for all participants in scientific endeavours.
Preliminary Reproducibility Evaluation of a Phage Susceptibility Testing Method Using a Collection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Phages
Authors: Cunningham Scott A , Mandrekar Jayawant N , Suh Gina , Patel Robin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Increasing antimicrobial resistance combined with a lagging pipeline of novel antimicrobial compounds have resulted in a resurgence of interest in phage therapy. To select optimal phage or phage combinations for patients for whom phage therapy is considered, assessment of activity of a panel of phages against the patients’ bacterial isolate(s) should ideally be performed. Classical phage susceptibility testing methods (i.e., agar overlay) may be laborious, with expertise outside of normal training and competency of medical laboratory science staff needed.

Content
Adaptive Phage Therapeutics™ leveraged a commercially available phenotyping system (Biolog OmniLog®) to generate the PhageBank Susceptibility Test™, which uses a custom data analysis pipeline (PhageSelect™) to measure the delay in reaching log-phase metabolic activity (“hold time”) when a given isolate is challenged with a specific phage. The goal of this study was to preliminarily assess reproducibility of this approach by testing 2 bacterial species at 2 sites, APT and an academic site. Nineteen Escherichia coli phages were tested against 18 bacterial isolates, and 21 Staphylococcus aureus phages, against 11 bacterial isolates. Result comparisons were statistically excellent for E. coli (κ = 0.7990) and good/fair for S. aureus (κ = 0.6360).

Summary
The described method provides good/fair to excellent statistical reproducibility for assessment of phage susceptibility of 2 commonly encountered bacterial species.
Racial Capitalism and the Contemporary International Law on Slavery: (Re)membering Hacienda Brasil Verde
Authors: Blackett Adelle 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Refusal of abject commodification undergirds contemporary international law definitions of slavery and their growing linkage to international economic agreements through injunctions against the use of forced labor. Yet there are screaming silences in ongoing attempts to grapple with the prevalence and significance of contemporary slavery in the global economy. This contribution to the special issue on racial capitalism in international economic law calls for a reckoning with the past in the international law on contemporary slavery. By foregrounding resistances to erasure, and squarely addressing the significance of race to the perpetuation of slavery, this article seeks to harness their promise for a reconstruction of a contemporary law of slavery that understands racialization as offering an essential social justice challenge to the decommodification of labor.
Seismic modelling of the pulsating mercury–manganese star HD 29589
Authors: Niemczura E , Walczak P , Mikołajczyk P , Schöller M , Hummel C A , Hubrig S , Różański T 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Photometric and spectroscopic time-series of chemically peculiar mercury–manganese (HgMn) stars show variability, which in most cases is interpreted as the effect of binarity or surface spots. Until recently, pulsations have not been detected in these objects. However, the analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometric time-series of a large sample of HgMn stars resulted in a small sample of candidates for pulsating variables. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of one of them, HD 29589. High-resolution spectroscopic data were used to determine the atmospheric parameters and a detailed chemical composition of the star. The obtained effective temperature, Teff = 14 400 ± 200 K, places this star among the high-temperature HgMn stars. The determined abundance pattern is typical for this class of objects. Interferometric data were used to discuss the properties of the secondary in the HD 29589 system. More than 20 independent frequencies were identified in the TESS time-series of this star, which we interpret as high-order g-modes. We found regular period spacing, which is due to the presence of consecutive prograde dipole modes. The exact matching of the six frequencies in the series and the position of the star in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram allowed us to constrain the internal structure of HD 29589. We derived the overshooting parameter, fov = 0.028−0.03, mass M = 3.4 M⊙ and metallicity Z = 0.008. A detailed analysis of pulsating HgMn stars will allow us to understand the influence of the chemical peculiarity on the pulsation characteristics of these objects.
Discovery of an optical cocoon tail behind the runaway HD 185806
Authors: Spetsieri Z T , Boumis P , Chiotellis A , Akras S , Derlopa S , Shetye S , Meyer D M-A , Bowman D M , Gvaramadze V V 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Studies on the circumstellar structures around evolved stars provide vital information on the evolution of the parent star and the properties of the local interstellar medium. In this work, we present the discovery and characterization of an optical cocoon tail behind the star HD 185806. The cocoon apex emission is puzzling, as it is detected in the infrared but shows no signal in the optical wavelength. The H α and [O iii] fluxes of the nebular structure vary from 2.7 to 8.5 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 and from 0.9 to 7.0 × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2, respectively. Through high-resolution spectroscopy, we derive the spectral type of the star, construct the position–velocity diagrams of the cocoon tail for the H α, [O iii], and [N ii] emission lines, and determine its velocity in the range of −100–40 km s−1. Furthermore, we use SED fitting and mesa evolutionary models adopting a distance of 900 pc, and classify HD 185806 as a 1.3 M⊙ star, in the transition phase between the RGB and early AGB stages. Finally, we study the morpho-kinematic structure of the cocoon tail using the astronomical software SHAPE. An ellipsoidal structure, with an inclination of ∼19° with respect to the plane of sky is found to better reproduce the observed cocoon tail of HD 185806.
Photometric and spectroscopic study of the burst-like brightening of two Gaia-alerted young stellar objects
Authors: Nagy Zsófia , Ábrahám Péter , Kóspál Ágnes , Park Sunkyung , Siwak Michał , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Fiorellino Eleonora , García-Álvarez David , Szabó Zsófia Marianna , Antoniucci Simone , Giannini Teresa , Giunta Alessio , Kriskovics Levente , Kun Mária , Marton Gábor , Moór Attila , Nisini Brunella , Pál Andras , Szabados László , Zieliński Paweł , Wyrzykowski Łukasz 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Young stars show variability on different time-scales from hours to decades, with a range of amplitudes. We studied two young stars, which triggered the Gaia Science Alerts system due to brightenings on a time-scale of a year. Gaia20bwa brightened by about half a magnitude, whereas Gaia20fgx brightened by about two and half magnitudes. We analysed the Gaia light curves, additional photometry, and spectra taken with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and the Gran Telescopio Canarias. Several emission lines were detected towards Gaia20bwa, including hydrogen lines from H α to H δ, Pa β, Br γ, and lines of Ca ii, O i, and Na i. The H α and Br γ lines were detected towards Gaia20fgx in emission in its bright state, with additional CO lines in absorption, and the Pa β line with an inverse P Cygni profile during its fading. Based on the Br γ lines, the accretion rate was $(2.4\!-\!3.1)\times 10^{-8}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ yr−1 for Gaia20bwa and $(4.5\!-\!6.6)\times 10^{-8}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ yr−1 for Gaia20fgx during their bright state. The accretion rate of Gaia20fgx dropped by almost a factor of 10 on a time-scale of half a year. The accretion parameters of both stars were found to be similar to those of classical T Tauri stars, lower than those of young eruptive stars. However, the amplitude and time-scale of these brightenings place these stars to a region of the parameter space, which is rarely populated by young stars. This suggests a new class of young stars, which produce outbursts on a time-scale similar to young eruptive stars, but with smaller amplitudes.
A search for transit timing variations in the HATS-18 planetary system
Authors: Southworth John , Barker A J , Hinse T C , Jongen Y , Dominik M , Jørgensen U G , Longa-Peña P , Sajadian S , Snodgrass C , Tregloan-Reed J , Bach-Møller N , Bonavita M , Bozza V , Burgdorf M J , Figuera Jaimes R , Helling Ch , Hitchcock J A , Hundertmark M , Khalouei E , Korhonen H , Mancini L , Peixinho N , Rahvar S , Rabus M , Skottfelt J , Spyratos P 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
HATS-18 b is a transiting planet with a large mass and a short orbital period, and is one of the best candidates for the detection of orbital decay induced by tidal effects. We present extensive photometry of HATS-18 from which we measure 27 times of mid-transit. Two further transit times were measured from data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and three more taken from the literature. The transit timings were fitted with linear and quadratic ephemerides and an upper limit on orbital decay was determined. This corresponds to a lower limit on the modified stellar tidal quality factor of $Q_\star ^{\, \prime } \gt 10^{5.11 \pm 0.04}$. This is at the cusp of constraining the presence of enhanced tidal dissipation due to internal gravity waves. We also refine the measured physical properties of the HATS-18 system, place upper limits on the masses of third bodies, and compare the relative performance of TESS and the 1.54 m Danish Telescope in measuring transit times for this system.
Evolutionary History of Sexual Differentiation Mechanism in Insects
Authors: Chikami Yasuhiko , Okuno Miki , Toyoda Atsushi , Itoh Takehiko , Niimi Teruyuki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alternative splicing underpins functional diversity in proteins and the complexity and diversity of eukaryotes. An example is the doublesex gene, the key transcriptional factor in arthropod sexual differentiation. doublesex is controlled by sex-specific splicing and promotes both male and female differentiation in holometabolan insects, whereas in hemimetabolan species, doublesex has sex-specific isoforms but is not required for female differentiation. How doublesex evolved to be essential for female development remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate ancestral states of doublesex using Thermobia domestica belonging to Zygentoma, the sister group of Pterygota, that is, winged insects. We find that, in T. domestica, doublesex expresses sex-specific isoforms but is only necessary for male differentiation of sexual morphology. This result supports the hypothesis that doublesex initially promoted male differentiation during insect evolution. However, T. domestica doublesex has a short female-specific region and upregulates the expression of vitellogenin homologs in females, suggesting that doublesex may already play some role in female morphogenesis of the common ancestor of Pterygota. Reconstruction of the ancestral sequence and prediction of protein structures show that the female-specific isoform of doublesex has an extended C-terminal disordered region in holometabolan insects but not in nonholometabolan species. We propose that doublesex acquired its function in female morphogenesis through a change in the protein motif structure rather than the emergence of the female-specific exon.