bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Las exclusiones del contrato de seguro deben tener relación causal con el siniestro? nuevas perspectivas desde la Corte Suprema de Justicia
Authors: Trujillo Gómez María Luisa , Ossa Gómez Daniel 
Published: January 2022

El 23 de noviembre del año 2020, la Sala Civil de la Corte Suprema de Justicia falló un recurso extraordinario de casación interpuesto por una empresa transportadora,[1] en contra de la sentencia de segunda instancia proferida por el Tribunal Superior de Distrito Judicial de Bogotá. En dicho proceso judicial, se discutía si las exclusiones del contrato de seguro, para ser alegadas por la aseguradora, debían ser la causa adecuada del siniestro.
Con el fin de dar más contexto sobre el caso, anticipamos que la parte demandante, amparándose en la posición de un sector de la doctrina, con precursores como el maestro J. Efrén Ossa Gómez, sostuvo a lo largo del proceso que las exclusiones legales o convencionales debían aplicarse con un criterio causal para ser invocadas como eximentes de responsabilidad del asegurador.
Por su parte, la aseguradora demandada sostenía que las exclusiones no sólo podían ser aplicadas con un criterio causal sino, también, de acuerdo con otras circunstancias técnicas del contrato de seguro, así las mismas no fueran la causa adecuada del siniestro, en virtud de la posibilidad de delimitar el riesgo asegurado establecido en el artículo 1056 del Código de Comercio.
La Corte Suprema de Justicia apoyó la postura de la aseguradora y, apartándose de la posición clásica de reputados autores, adoptó un criterio novedoso al considerar que, por las amplias facultades que tiene la aseguradora para delimitar el riesgo asegurado, basta con que la exclusión tenga una explicación técnica ―aunque no sea la causa adecuada del siniestro― para prosperar, siempre que la misma tenga relación con los hechos o condiciones que antecedieron la ocurrencia del siniestro.

[1] M.P. Francisco Ternera Barrios, ref: SC4527-2020.
Kecenderungan Depresi pada Pasien Lansia Rawat Inap COVID-19 Survivor menggunakan GDS-15
Authors: Soenarti Sri , Pradipto Wiryawan 
Published: January 2022

Pendahuluan: Penyebaran pandemi Sindrom Pernafasan Akut Parah Coronavirus (COVID-19) dapat dikaitkan dengan implikasi kejiwaan, termasuk depresi, salah satu gangguan mental yang paling umum. Ini melonjak di seluruh dunia di tengah pandemi penyakit coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) yang sedang berlangsung, terutama di antara para lansia yang selamat dari COVID-19 yang dirawat di rumah sakit.
Tujuan: Mengetahui dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kemungkinan depresi menggunakan kuesioner Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) pada lansia COVID-19 yang dirawat di rumah sakit
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pengumpulan data cross-sectional. Kami mengumpulkan subjek penelitian dari lansia survivor COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSU Saiful Anwar. Subyek dipanggil melalui telepon, dan kemudian mereka ditanyai berdasarkan kuesioner GDS-15. Kuesioner termasuk data demografi dan sosial ekonomi, status kesehatan, dan skor GDS-15.
Hasil: Di antara 33 sampel penelitian, cross-sectional phone survey menunjukkan bahwa hanya hanya ada dua partisipan (6,06%) yang skornya menunjukkan kemungkinan depresi. Lansia <70 tahun mengalami tekanan psikologis yang lebih rendah (p 0,057) dibandingkan yang berusia >70tahun.
Kesimpulan: Lansia penyintas COVID-19 yang dirawat di rumah sakit pada masa tindak lanjut 3 bulan setelah perawatan di rumah sakit memiliki tingkat kemungkinan depresi yang rendah, dan tidak ada peserta yang mengalami depresi.
Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmias 3 Months After Hospitalization for COVID‐19
Authors: Ingul Charlotte B. , Grimsmo Jostein , Mecinaj Albulena , Trebinjac Divna , Berger Nossen Magnus , Andrup Simon , Grenne Bjørnar , Dalen Håvard , Einvik Gunnar , Stavem Knut , Follestad Turid , Josefsen Tony , Omland Torbjørn , Jensen Torstein 
Published: January 2022

Background
The extent of cardiac dysfunction post‐COVID‐19 varies, and there is a lack of data on arrhythmic burden.

Methods and Results

This was a combined multicenter prospective cohort study and cross‐sectional case‐control study. Cardiac function assessed by echocardiography in patients with COVID‐19 3 to 4 months after hospital discharge was compared with matched controls. The 24‐hour ECGs were recorded in patients with COVID‐19. A total of 204 patients with COVID‐19 consented to participate (mean age, 58.5 years; 44% women), and 204 controls were included (mean age, 58.4 years; 44% women). Patients with COVID‐19 had worse right ventricle free wall longitudinal strain (adjusted estimated mean difference, 1.5 percentage points; 95% CI, −2.6 to −0.5;
P
=0.005) and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (−0.10 cm; 95% CI, −0.14 to −0.05;
P
<0.001) and cardiac index (−0.26 L/min per m
2
; 95% CI, −0.40 to −0.12;
P
<0.001), but slightly better left ventricle global strain (−0.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.2–1.3;
P
=0.008) compared with controls. Reduced diastolic function was twice as common compared with controls (60 [30%] versus 29 [15%], respectively; odds ratio, 2.4;
P
=0.001). Having dyspnea or fatigue were not associated with cardiac function. Right ventricle free wall longitudinal strain was worse after intensive care treatment. Arrhythmias were found in 27% of the patients, mainly premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (18% and 5%, respectively).

Conclusions
At 3 months after hospital discharge with COVID‐19, right ventricular function was mildly impaired, and diastolic dysfunction was twice as common compared with controls. There was little evidence for an association between cardiac function and intensive care treatment, dyspnea, or fatigue. Ventricular arrhythmias were common, but the clinical importance is unknown.

Registration

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT04535154.
Chlorhexidine versus organoselenium for inhibition of S. mutans biofilm, an in vitro study
Authors: Seguya Abdul , Mowafy Mohamed , Gaballah Ahmed , Zaher Abbas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Chemical Plaque control by antimicrobial agent application can defend the teeth against caries. S. mutans is considered the main etiologic factor for caries. This was an in vitro study to compare between the efficacy of chlorhexidine diaceteate varnish, and an organoselenium sealant, to prevent S. mutans biofilm formation on human teeth.

Methods
Fourty five premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 teeth each. One control group and two test groups, chlorhexidine diaceteate varnish and an organoselenium sealant. The teeth were autoclaved before S. mutans biofilm was induced on to each in their respective groups. The reading T1 was taken for each tooth to assess the number of S. mutans attached in order to compare for differences in surface area among the 3 groups. The respective test materials were applied onto the teeth and biofilm induced onto them in their respective groups. The reading T2 was taken for the 2 test groups. The 3 groups were then subjected to aging for a period equivalent to 5 months before the biofilm was induced to take the reading T3 for the number of S. mutans. We used vortexing of the teeth to disrupt the biofilm at time points T1, T2 and T3. S. mutans count was then done using PCR.

Results
There were significantly lower S. mutans counts in the control group as compared to the chlorhexidine diacetate group at T3.There were no other statistically significant differences found.

Conclusion
Both organoselenium and Chlorhexidine diacetate do not inhibit S. mutans biofilm attachment onto the teeth.
Factors affecting the consumption of iodized salt by pregnant women in Karachi
Authors: Shaikh Faryal , Ahmed Jafry Syed Imtiaz , Khan Asad Ali 
Published: January 2022

Background and Objective: Globally iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major preventable cause of cognitive impairment in new born. In developing countries, every year 38 million newborn develop cognitive impairment as a result of iodine deficiency. Iodine consumption by pregnant women is affected by many factors. Hence, we conducted this study to identify factors associated with IDD. To know the effects of different factors on use of iodized salt by pregnant women visiting antenatal outpatient department (OPD) at a public sector tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
Methods: Pregnant women (n=360) visiting antenatal OPD at public sector tertiary care hospital of Karachi were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Systematic random sampling method was employed. Data was collected from March 2017 to January 2018. Chi-square test was applied to identify factors associated with IDD.
Results: Thirty one (31% ) of pregnant women were consuming iodized salt in their homes. The percentage of participants who heard about iodized salt for the first time was 24%. Twelve percent (12%) reported that price of iodized salt is more than that of normal salt. Ninety eight (98%) of pregnant women replied that they were not informed about the importance of iodine or iodine requirement during pregnancy by their doctor or health care provider. A statistically significant association was observed between educational status (p=0.001) and household income (p<0.001) with the use of iodized salt.
Conclusion: Low education, low income of study participants are identified as factors related to limited consumption and incorrect practices related to the use of iodized salt. In order to address iodine deficiency, there is a need to not only sensitize the expectant mothers about the adverse outcome of maternal iodine deficiency for their unborn child but also to introduce an awareness program at the antenatal clinics by the Health Professional for the antenatal care seeking women. There is also an immense need of support from Government side as well to make strategies and policy changes at the national level to ensure the availability, accessibility and affordability of iodized salt.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4991
How to cite this:Shaikh F, Jafry SIA, Khan AA. Factors affecting the consumption of iodized salt by pregnant women in Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4991
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
H. S. Skovoroda’s Religious and Philosophical Ideas (interpreted by Mahdalyna Laslo-Kutsiuk)
Authors: Kaizer Iryna , Nastenko Olha , Nykyforuk Tetiana , Maksymiuk Marta , Antofiychuk Volodymyr 
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda’s religious and philosophic ideas have attracted considerable attention in academic scientific discourse in postcommunist Ukraine. This is due not only to the humanistic-democratic paradigm of modern transformations in society, but also the methodological principles of historical and philosophical knowledge. We have tried to make a syncretic analysis of Skovoroda’s life and creativity based on the works of Romanian literary critic Mahdalyna Laslo-Kutsiuk (1928–2010), in particular by analysing the origins of Skovoroda’s philosophical doctrines, rethinking the Bible and specificity of his literary works.
Skovoroda’s greatness lies in the fact that without losing his identity against the background of a rather fundamental philosophical tradition in Ukraine, he occupied and still occupies perhaps the most avant-garde position. He was one of the first philosophers to restore and develope the phenomenon of wisdom in new European civilisation, which was removed by the overall project of rationally-epistemological and rationally-scientific interpretations of philosophy after the ancient times. Analysis of the latest studies of Slavic and Western investigations of Skovoroda shows that this branch is interdisciplinary. Philosophers, historians, culture experts, literary critics, specialists in the history of religion have studied the heritage of this prominent Ukrainian philosopher. Expansion of the methodological spectrum started in the 1990s, meaning that the art of Skovoroda should be apprehended as penetrating synthetic phenomena in which the essential components of the Baroque world-view are combined with the culture of late antiquity, patristic tradition and even European humanism.
Robert Crumb and the Art of Comics
Authors: Huxley David 
Published: January 2022

A distinctive feature of Robert Crumb’s career has been the early, and continuing, interest in his work from art critics and the art museum. His work features in the journal Art and Artists as early as 1969, and in 1972 art critic Robert Hughes described him as “a kind of American Hogarth.” More recently Bart Beaty has pointed out that Crumb holds a unique position for a comic book artist, that “on the basis of specifically art-world prestige, Crumb is an elite cartoonist.” In this chapter, David Huxley analyzes the way in which Crumb’s drawing style developed, through his early influences from American comic strips artists such as Rube Goldberg, to a series of stylistic changes over a forty-year period. It also examines Crumb’s influence, both in terms of style and content on early underground comix and graphics, and the subsequent rise of autobiographical comics.
Introduction
Authors: Green-Barteet iranda A. 
Published: January 2022

This introduction considers how characters of color are represented in Young Adult Speculative Fiction (YASF), how race affects or influences the structures of speculative worlds, and how racial ideologies are replicated or challenged in the genre. The introduction specifically considers why young people of color are so often underrepresented in YASF and examines the effect of colorblind ideology and postracialism on YASF. Drawing on critics such as Ebony Elizabeth Thomas and Mary J. Couzelis, the introduction argues that some YASF texts normalize many existing racial hierarchies and explains that the collection examines how race and racism are represented in YASF.
Loosh
Authors: Gorra Michael 
Published: January 2022

In this essay, Michael Gorra looks at a character in Faulkner’s 1938 The Unvanquished, the enslaved man Loosh or Lucius, to examine three issues in the novelist’s depiction and understanding of slavery. First, what are the conditions of slavery on the Sartoris plantation, just outside the town of Jefferson in Faulkner’s imagined Yoknapatawpha County? What does he shows us about the lives of the enslaved, and just as crucially what doesn’t he? Second, how does Faulkner handle the moment of emancipation, of transition: the moment when Loosh leaves the place and indeed the page in the wake of the Union army. Gorra concludes by asking what happens to him afterwards, or what might have happened, if only Faulkner had written about it, looking at some of the conditions that governed the lives of the newly freed.
Whatever Happened to the Comics Press?
Authors: Beaty Bart 
Published: January 2022

Although Fantagraphics publisher Gary Groth once opined that outlets like The New Yorker could not be trusted to critique comics, the company now regularly uses reviews by non-comics media to appeal to readers. What happened to bring about this reversal? In this chapter, Bart Beaty considers the transformation of writing and reporting about comics in the United States over a fifty-year period in order to suggest that the desire to create an autonomous comics world has given way to a new status quo. Today, comics journalism is fully embedded within larger structures of media reporting and criticism. At a time when creators like Art Spiegelman can write for The New Yorker, and where the most prominent of literary comic books are regularly reviewed in The New York Times or The Guardian, the comics press no longer apes the mainstream in miniature but has become a small part of the larger whole.
Uniwersytet – nauki humanistyczne i społeczne – państwo
Authors: Brzeziński Jerzy Marian 
Published: January 2022

With the Great Charter of Universities as a point of departure, the author discusses the four tasks of the university: (1) search for the truth (2) education which supplies students them with the latest scientific knowledge and the skills that knowledge justifies (3) student formation in the spirit of tolerance, pluralism and openness to dialogue, (4) popularizing scientific knowledge. For their accomplishment to be unconstrained (by ideological, religious, xenophobic or economic limitations), as well as effective and ethical, the university must be free and autonomous. Nowadays humanities and social sciences are particularly exposed to factors that damage or hinder this autonomy and freedom, which is regrettably the case especially in countries that declare attachment to democratic values, yet trample them at the same time.
The author is very critical of the state’s policy of evaluating scholarly activities of universities based on converting scientific output into points. According to the author, this produces a greatly simplified and distorted picture of their achievements. What is more, it also encourages certain academics (for whom „survival” at a given institute or department is at stake) to engage in unethical behaviour: plagiarism of other people’s works, falsification of empirical research results, fabrication of findings, guest authorship, ghost authorship. One of the major solutions aimed to counter such unethical practices is to depart from bibliometric evaluation (via IF, H index) in favour of peer review. It is also necessary to implement new publishing practices, which would require replication of empirical studies, access to raw results provided by authors, as well as preregistration assessment of research projects so as to take works in which positive results were not obtained (thus failing to bear out the initial hypothesis) into consideration as well.
Modellbasierte Security-Analyse
Authors: Wolf Jan , Schiller Frank , Siemers Christian 
Published: January 2022

Für die Bewertung der Security eines Systems wird eine passende Beschreibung benötigt. In diesem Artikel wird eine Methode vorgestellt, um die Security eines Systems zu bewerten. Der Ansatz beginnt mit einem einfachen Modell und verfeinert dieses schrittweise, um das System so vollständig wie nötig abzubilden, wobei die einzelnen Schritte überschaubar bleiben. Nach jedem Anpassungsschritt (Verfeinerung) des Modells kann eine Analyse des bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt abgebildeten Systems durchgeführtwerden. Bei der Modellierung und Analyse können auch Systemteile oder deren Eigenschaften (noch) nichtverfügbar oder ungenau beschrieben sein.
KETELADANAN SOSIAL DALAM FILM YO WIS BEN 1 KARYA BAYU SKAK, BAGUS BRAMANTI, DAN GEA REXY
Authors: Ratmiati Ratmiati , Larassaty Suci , Ramadhanti Khadijah 
Published: January 2022

<p>Krisis keteladanan sosial potensial menimbulkan berbagai konflik dalam kelompok masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk keteladanan nilai-nilai sosial dalam naskah skenario film <em>Yo Wis Ben 1</em> karya Bayu Skak, Bagus Bramanti, dan Gea Rexy sebagai upaya pembentukan nilai karakter bagi siswa khususnya siswa SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam mengkaji naskah skenario film <em>Yo Wis Ben 1</em> karya Bayu Skak, Bagus Bramanti, dan Gea Rexy ini adalah metode kualitatif deskripstif. Objek penelitian ini adalah nilai-nilai sosial dalam naskah skenario film <em>Yo Wis Ben 1</em> karya Bayu Skak, Bagus Bramanti, dan Gea Rexy. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pustaka, simak, dan catat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai sosial yang terdapat dalam naskah skenario film <em>Yo Wis Ben 1</em> karya Bayu Skak, Bagus Bramanti, dan Gea Rexy meliputi nilai hubungan sosial, tanggung jawab, kasih sayang, loyal, serta rela berkorban dan memberikan partisipasi dalam kehidupan sosial. Serta implikasi nilai-nilai sosial dalam naskah skenario film <em>Yo Wis Ben 1</em> karya Bayu Skak, Bagus Bramanti, dan Gea Rexy sebagai pembentuk nilai karakter siswa SMA karena karya sastra ini menceritakan kehidupan yang sangat dekat dengan siswa SMA. Keteladanan yang tergambar melalui nilai-nilai sosial tersebut menjadi awal terbentuknya jiwa karakter siswa, memberikan partisipasi dalam kehidupan sosial dalam bermasyarakat.</p>
DIBALIK ALASAN NABI MUHAMMAD DIJADIKAN WASILAH DALAM BERDOA: KAJIAN LINGUSITIK KOGNITIF
Authors: Fitriah Nailah Sa'diyatul 
Published: January 2022

<em>According to Cognitive Linguistic theory, humans think in three ways. Two of them are thinking prototypically and ideally. One of the example of these ways can be seen from how Muslems use the blessings of the Prophet Muhammad as a bridge in granting their dua. Most of Moslems assume that the Prophet Muhammad could intercede for prayer. Based on this interesting issue, this article aims to find out the prototypes of PROPHET MUHAMMAD idealized by Moslems in translation of Maulid Simtudduror book.This book contains of a range of praise, history, and prayers offered to the Prophet Muhammad as a wasilah for their prayers. By using Rosch et al (1991) prototype model analysis method and an ideal cognitive model based on the stereotype model of society initiated by Lakoff (1987), it can be concluded that the prototype of PROPHET MUHAMMAD idealized by Islam and Moslems show some features of the Prophet Muhammad in several MODELS bringing blessings for all human beings in this world. Thus, most of Moslems believe that PROPHET MUHAMMAD can be a wayin helping them to grant their prayers.</em>
AN ANALYSIS OF ADJACENCY PAIRS ON CONVERSATION IN BLACK PANTHER MOVIE
Authors: Pardede Nova Lina , Herman Herman , Silalahi Dumaris E. 
Published: January 2022

This research investigated about adjacency pairs in conversation of the <em>Black Panther </em>movie from five main characters in the movie. This research used qualitative research by applied content analysis as a research design. The data obtained from transcript of <em>Black Panther </em>movie which has 134 minutes duration. The researchers transcribed the data in written form and analyzed by using theory of adjacency pairs. The researchers found 71 data of the conversation five main characters in the movie. Based on the research, there are 71 data of conversation that consist of thirteen types of adjacency pairs. From 71 data of conversation, there are 2 pairs of greeting-greeting sequence, 2 pairs of summons-answer sequence, 2 pairs of apology-minimization sequence, 24 pairs of question-answer sequence, 2 pairs of request-acceptance/refusal sequence, 4 pairs of offer-acceptance/refusal sequence, 2 pairs of blame-admission/denial sequence, 3 pairs of invitation-acceptance/refusal sequence, 8 pairs of assessment-agreement/disagreement sequence, 11 pairs of commands-compliance/incompliance sequence, 2 pairs of suggestion-acceptance/refusal sequence, 3 pairs of assertion-agreement/disagreement sequence and 6 pairs of announcement-acknowledgement sequence. From the research finding it can be concluded that question-answer was mostly-appeared type of adjacency pairs in the conversation by five main characters in the movie