bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ guide to documentation in clinical trials
Authors: Heck Johannes , Rath Ann-Kathrin , Wons Katrin , Schumacher Carsten , Kutschenko Anna , Noltemeyer Nina , Ulaganathan Sarana , Voßiek Luca J. , Hijma Hemme , van Smeden Jeroen , Schröder Christoph , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Schindler Christoph , Bosch Jacobus J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, support in clinical trials by students of human medicine and related disciplines has become of even greater importance than in pre-pandemic times. Documentation in clinical trials adheres to the principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), and healthcare professionals involved in the conduct of clinical trials—including students—are obliged to perform documentation in accordance with GCP principles. Unprecedented challenges have arisen with regard to the appropriate training of students as training courses in presence had largely to be suspended due to social-distancing regulations during the heyday of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, novel training formats and self-study training materials for students working in clinical trials are urgently warranted.

Methods
To overcome this shortcoming and to define a common quality standard, an interdisciplinary, multiprofessional (physicians, study nurses, medical students), and binational (Germany, The Netherlands) expert panel convened and devised the Students’ guide to documentation in clinical trials.

Results
Following a brief description of the different roles in clinical trials (e.g., sponsor, (principal) investigator, monitor) and an introduction into the principles of GCP, the documentation of adverse events, concomitant medication, medical history, and quality control are comprehensively discussed. The Guide concludes with a trilingual medical dictionary (English, German, Dutch) and with recommendations of pertinent literature for further reading.

Conclusion
Serving both as textbook for self-training and as (quick-) reference work for the daily routine, the Guide has specifically been designed to complement, but not to replace practical training courses for students. While primarily addressed at students of human medicine and related disciplines, the Guide can also be of high relevance and utility to other healthcare professionals involved in the conduct of clinical trials.
A Matter of Metals: Copper but Not Cadmium Affects the Microbial Alpha-Diversity of Soils and Sediments — a Meta-analysis
Authors: Signorini Marco , Midolo Gabriele , Cesco Stefano , Mimmo Tanja , Borruso Luigimaria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in soil affects plants and soil fauna, yet the effect on microbial alpha-diversity remains unclear, mainly due to the absence of dedicated research synthesis (e.g. meta-analysis). Here, we report the first meta-analysis of the response of soil microbial alpha-diversity to the experimental addition of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). We considered studies conducted between 2013 and 2022 using DNA metabarcoding of bacterial and fungal communities to overcome limitations of other cultivation- and electrophoresis-based techniques. Fungi were discarded due to the limited study number (i.e. 6 studies). Bacterial studies resulted in 66 independent experiments reported in 32 primary papers from four continents. We found a negative dose-dependent response for Cu but not for Cd for bacterial alpha-diversity in the environments, only for Cu additions exceeding 29.6 mg kg−1 (first loss of − 0.06% at 30 mg kg−1). The maximal loss of bacterial alpha-diversity registered was 13.89% at 3837 mg kg−1. Our results first highlight that bacterial communities behave differently to soil pollution depending on the metal. Secondly, our study suggests that even extreme doses of Cu do not cause a dramatic loss in alpha-diversity, highlighting how the behaviour of bacterial communities diverges from soil macro-organisms.
Graphical abstract
Clinical value of contralateral breast cancers detected by pre-operative MRI in patients diagnosed with DCIS: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Keymeulen Kristien B. I. M. , Geurts Sandra M. E. , Kooreman Loes F. S. , Duijm Lucien E. M. , Engelen Sanne , Vanwetswinkel Sigrid , Luiten Ernest , Siesling Sabine , Voogd Adri C. , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
For patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), data about the impact of breast MRI at primary diagnosis on the incidence and characteristics of contralateral breast cancers are scarce.

Methods
We selected all 8486 women diagnosed with primary DCIS in the Netherlands in 2011–2015 from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The synchronous and metachronous detection of contralateral DCIS (cDCIS) and contralateral invasive breast cancer (cIBC) was assessed for patients who received an MRI upon diagnosis (MRI group) and for an age-matched control group without MRI.

Results
Nineteen percent of patients received an MRI, of which 0.8% was diagnosed with synchronous cDCIS and 1.3% with synchronous cIBC not found by mammography. The 5-year cumulative incidence of synchronous plus metachronous cDCIS was higher for the MRI versus age-matched control group (2.0% versus 0.9%, p = 0.02) and similar for cIBC (3.5% versus 2.3%, p = 0.17). The increased incidence of cDCIS was observed in patients aged < 50 years (sHR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.19–14.99), but not in patients aged 50–74 years (sHR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.41–1.93).

Conclusions
MRI at primary DCIS diagnosis detected additional synchronous cDCIS and cIBC, and was associated with a higher rate of metachronous cDCIS without decreasing the rate of metachronous cIBC. This finding was most evident in younger patients.

Key Points
• Magnetic resonance imaging at primary diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ detected an additional synchronous breast lesion in 2.1% of patients.
• In patients aged younger than 50 years, the use of pre-operative MRI was associated with a fourfold increase in the incidence of a second contralateral DCIS without decreasing the incidence of metachronous invasive breast cancers up to 5 years after diagnosis.
• In patients aged over 50 years, the use of pre-operative MRI did not result in a difference in the incidence of a second contralateral DCIS or metachronous invasive breast cancer.
Characteristics of the Turkana low-level jet stream and the associated rainfall in CMIP6 models
Authors: Oscar Lino , Nzau Mutemi J. , Ellen Dyer , Franklin Opijah , Rachel James , Richard Washington , Tom Webb 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Turkana low-level jet stream (TJ) is important to climatic conditions over northern Kenya and East Africa. The representation of the TJ in climate models varies due to the TJ interaction with Turkana channel that is influenced by model resolution and influences the model representation of the regional climate. This study compares features of the TJ in CMIP6 AMIP model simulations with ERA5. Models reveal climatological wind speeds that match those of the reanalysis from the ERA5 at the jet entrance (13 m/s) but lower magnitudes of wind speed and vertical shears compared to ERA5 within the Turkana channel. The models with slowest wind speeds, have a flattened Turkana channel and fail to exhibit the terrain constriction at 37° E which otherwise aids in accelerating winds to form a jet core. Furthermore, they fail to represent the narrowing of the channel as in ERA5, thereby forming blocking walls in the channel, forcing vertical ascent and mixing, and weakening shear. This boosting of ascent motion promotes rainfall formation and enhances wet anomalies at the exit of the TJ when the jet stream is weaker. By applying a new narrowing index, we demonstrate the need to improve topography details in the CMIP6 models, particularly those with resolution coarser than 1.5°, in order to properly simulate the TJ and the observed rainfall over the northwestern areas of eastern Africa.
High-resolution multi-domain space–time isogeometric analysis of car and tire aerodynamics with road contact and tire deformation and rotation
Authors: Kuraishi Takashi , Xu Zhaojing , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. , Yamasaki Satoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe are presenting high-resolution space–time (ST) isogeometric analysis of car and tire aerodynamics with near-actual tire geometry, road contact, and tire deformation and rotation. The focus in the high-resolution computation is on the tire aerodynamics. The high resolution is not only in space but also in time. The influence of the aerodynamics of the car body comes, in the framework of the Multidomain Method (MDM), from the global computation with near-actual car body and tire geometries, carried out earlier with a reasonable mesh resolution. The high-resolution local computation, carried out for the left set of tires, takes place in a nested MDM sequence over three subdomains. The first subdomain contains the front tire. The second subdomain, with the inflow velocity from the first subdomain, is for the front-tire wake flow. The third subdomain, with the inflow velocity from the second subdomain, contains the rear tire. All other boundary conditions for the three subdomains are extracted from the global computation. The full computational framework is made of the ST Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) method, ST Slip Interface (ST-SI) and ST Topology Change (ST-TC) methods, ST Isogeometric Analysis (ST-IGA), integrated combinations of these ST methods, element-based mesh relaxation (EBMR), methods for calculating the stabilization parameters and related element lengths targeting IGA discretization, Complex-Geometry IGA Mesh Generation (CGIMG) method, MDM, and the “ST-C” data compression. Except for the last three, these methods were used also in the global computation, and they are playing the same role in the local computation. The ST-TC, for example, as in the global computation, is making the ST moving-mesh computation possible even with contact between the tire and the road, thus enabling high-resolution flow representation near the tire. The CGIMG is making the IGA mesh generation for the complex geometries less arduous. The MDM is reducing the computational cost by focusing the high-resolution locally to where it is needed and also by breaking the local computation into its consecutive portions. The ST-C data compression is making the storage of the data from the global computation less burdensome. The car and tire aerodynamics computation we present shows the effectiveness of the high-resolution computational analysis framework we have built for this class of problems.
Monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC): 3-year experience
Authors: Rapini Novella , Patera Patrizia I. , Schiaffini Riccardo , Ciampalini Paolo , Pampanini Valentina , Cristina Matteoli M. , Deodati Annalisa , Bracaglia Giorgia , Porzio Ottavia , Ruta Rosario , Novelli Antonio , Mucciolo Mafalda , Cianfarani Stefano , Barbetti Fabrizio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim
In the pediatric diabetes clinic, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) account for more than 90% of cases, while monogenic forms represent about 6%. Many monogenic diabetes subtypes may respond to therapies other than insulin and have chronic diabetes complication prognosis that is different from T1D. With the aim of providing a better diagnostic pipeline and a tailored care for patients with monogenic diabetes, we set up a monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC).

Methods
In the first 3 years of activity 97 patients with non-autoimmune forms of hyperglycemia were referred to MDC. Genetic testing was requested for 80 patients and 68 genetic reports were available for review.

Results
In 58 subjects hyperglycemia was discovered beyond 1 year of age (Group 1) and in 10 before 1 year of age (Group 2). Genetic variants considered causative of hyperglycemia were identified in 25 and 6 patients of Group 1 and 2, respectively, with a pick up rate of 43.1% (25/58) for Group 1 and 60% (6/10) for Group 2 (global pick-up rate: 45.5%; 31/68). When we considered probands of Group 1 with a parental history of hyperglycemia, 58.3% (21/36) had a positive genetic test for GCK or HNF1A genes, while pick-up rate was 18.1% (4/22) in patients with mute family history for diabetes. Specific treatments for each condition were administered in most cases.

Conclusion
We conclude that MDC maycontribute to provide a better diabetes care in the pediatric setting.
Some remarks on contractive and existence sets
Authors: Ciesielski Maciej , Lewicki Grzegorz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet X be a real or complex Banach space and let $$ F \subset X $$

F
⊂
X

be a non-empty set. F is called an existence set of best coapproximation (existence set for brevity), if for any $$ x \in X $$

x
∈
X

, $$R_F(x) \ne \emptyset , $$

R
F

(
x
)

≠
∅
,

where $$\begin{aligned} R_F (x) = \{ d \in F : \Vert d-c\Vert \le \Vert x-c\Vert \hbox { for any } c \in F \} . \end{aligned}$$

R
F

(
x
)

=

{
d
∈
F
:
‖
d
-
c
‖

≤

‖
x
-
c
‖

for any

c
∈
F
}
.

It is clear that any existence set is a contractive subset of X. The aim of this paper is to present some conditions on F and X under which the notions of exsistence set and contractive set are equivalent.
Recent invasion and eradication of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from tropical greenhouses in Europe
Authors: Schuler Hannes , Witkowski Radosław , van de Vossenberg Bart , Hoppe Björn , Mittelbach Moritz , Bukovinszki Tibor , Schwembacher Stefan , van de Meulengraaf Bas , Lange Uwe , Rode Sabine , Andriolo Alessandro , Bełka Marta , Mazur Andrzej , Battisti Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmbrosia beetles of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex are emerging tree pests with a broad host range including important agricultural crops. Native to Southeast Asia, these species were introduced into various countries, where they cause considerable damage to many tree species. Here we report several outbreaks of E. fornicatus s.l. in Europe. The first individuals were found in 2017 in a palm house of a botanical garden in Poznan (Poland) whereas in 2020 an outbreak was detected in a tropical greenhouse in Merano (Italy). In 2021, two additional outbreaks were detected in two greenhouses in Germany, in Erfurt and Berlin. For both cases in Germany it was possible to trace back the invasion to a distributor of exotic plants in the Netherlands where several infested plants were detected. Molecular analyses show that individuals from Poland and Italy are genetically identical but belong to a different mitochondrial clade than individuals in Germany which are identical to most individuals of two greenhouses in the Netherlands. Moreover, in the two greenhouses in the Netherlands we found beetles that belong to another haplotype of E. fornicatus and two haplotypes of E. perbrevis, a species in the E. fornicatus complex, which has not been previously intercepted in Europe. Our study provides novel insights into the invasion history of E. fornicatus and the eradication measures in Europe. Considering the potential of introduction and establishment of Euwallacea ambrosia beetles, particular attention should be paid to monitor the presence of these pests in tropical greenhouses across Europe.
Digital resources as an aspect of teacher professional digital competence: One term, different definitions – a systematic review
Authors: Heine Sandra , Krepf Matthias , König Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe term ‘digital resources’ is increasingly used in educational research to describe the specific knowledge and skills that constitute teachers’ professional digital competence. Educational policy documents, including the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu), deploy the term to reaffirm teachers’ need for special skills in using digital resources. However, educational research literature presents inconsistent views of the term, restricting its effective use in further research and the promotion of associated skills among pre-service and in-service teachers. To clarify the term ‘digital resources’ and support future research related to its application especially in empirical research on teachers’ professional digital competence, this systematic review aims to analyse the definitions of digital resources as a scientific term in 23 articles and to examine and compare the facets and aspects of digital resources. Finally, we derive a definition from the various perspectives and discuss the implications for the definition of digital resources as an aspect of teachers’ professional digital competence.
Brief Report: Characterization of Sensory Over-Responsivity in a Broad Neurodevelopmental Concern Cohort Using the Sensory Processing Three Dimensions (SP3D) Assessment
Authors: Lazerwitz Maia C. , Rowe Mikaela A. , Trimarchi Kaitlyn J. , Garcia Rafael D. , Chu Robyn , Steele Mary C. , Parekh Shalin , Wren-Jarvis Jamie , Bourla Ioanna , Mark Ian , Marco Elysa J. , Mukherjee Pratik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSensory Over-Responsivity (SOR) is an increasingly recognized challenge among children with neurodevelopmental concerns (NDC). To investigate, we characterized the incidence of auditory and tactile over-responsivity (AOR, TOR) among 82 children with NDC. We found that 70% of caregivers reported concern for their child’s sensory reactions. Direct assessment further revealed that 54% of the NDC population expressed AOR, TOR, or both – which persisted regardless of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. These findings support the high prevalence of SOR as well as its lack of specificity to ASD. Additionally, AOR is revealed to be over twice as prevalent as TOR. These conclusions present several avenues for further exploration, including deeper analysis of the neural mechanisms and genetic contributors to sensory processing challenges.
Talaromyces marneffei Infections in 8 Chinese Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Wang Linlin , Luo Ying , Li Xiaolin , Li Yixian , Xia Yu , He Tingyan , Huang Yanyan , Xu Yongbin , Yang Zhi , Ling Jiayun , Weng Ruohang , Zhu Xiaona , Qi Zhongxiang , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is an opportunistic fungus leading to multi-organ damages and poor prognosis in immunocompromised individuals. TM infections in children are rare and our knowledge to TM infection is insufficient. To investigate the clinical characteristics of TM-infected children and to explore the underlying mechanisms for host against TM, we analysed TM-infected patients diagnosed in our hospital.

Methods
Eight patients with TM infections have been identified in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital during 2017–2021. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Immunological features were evaluated by flow cytometry. Literatures were also reviewed to summarize the reported inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) with TM infections.

Results
All 8 children were HIV-negative. The most common symptom of TM infections was fever (8/8), followed by weight loss (7/8), pneumonia (7/8), hepatomegaly (7/8), splenomegaly (6/8), anemia (6/8), lymphadenopathy (5/8), thrombocytopenia (3/8), diarrhea (3/8), rashes or skin lesions (3/8), and osteolytic lesions (1/8). Five children died during the follow-ups. CD3+ T cells were decreased in 6 patients. Eight patients had reduced natural killer cells. All patients went gene sequencing and were finally diagnosed as IEIs, including STAT1 gain-of-function, IL-2 receptor common gamma chain deficiency, adenosine deaminase deficiency, CD40 ligand deficiency, and STAT3 deficiency. Another 4 types of IEIs (CARD9, IFN-γ receptor 1, RelB, and NFKB2 deficiency), have been reported with TM infections based on literature review.

Conclusion
TM infections resulted in systemic injuries and high mortality. The spectrum of IEIs underlying TM infections indicated that T cell-mediated immunity, IFN-γ, IL-17 signalings and NF-κB pathways were important for host responses against TM infection. In reverse, for HIV-negative children without other secondary immunodeficiencies, IEIs should be considered in TM-infected children.
Design and analysis of high performance phase shifters on polymeric slot waveguides within liquid crystal cladding
Authors: Alam Badrul , Cornaggia Flavio , d’Alessandro Antonio , Asquini Rita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present an on chip phase shifter based on a polymeric slot waveguide and a liquid–crystal cladding, which is capable of reaching high tuning ranges, low control voltages and low propagation losses. Our analysis includes a purely numerical 3D-Finite-Difference-Time-Domain method and a semi-analytical 2D-Finite-Element-Method approach. Both analyses are in agreement, and confirm the high performances. We have used an analytical method in order to study the values of the control voltages, and used electrostatic simulations to validate the approximations. Moreover, in addition to the slot waveguide, we show that it is possible to develop Y-Splitters with negligible values of insertion losses with the same technology, which enables this type of phase shifters to adapt to existing platforms of polymeric optical integrated circuits, significantly enhancing their modulation capabilities.
Entrepreneurs’ actions and venture success: a structured literature review and suggestions for future research
Authors: Müller Susan , Kirst Alyssa Lara , Bergmann Heiko , Bird Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is the actions of entrepreneurs that give rise to new organizations. However, a comprehensive understanding of what entrepreneurs do and what actually leads to venture success is currently lacking. To summarize existing research, we conduct a structured literature review including 59 empirical articles linking entrepreneurs’ behavior to venture success. We define “actions” as discrete units of “doing” that can—potentially—be observed by others and “success” as firm-level success measured by firm status (e.g., firm survival) or performance (e.g., sales). More than half of the included articles are based on data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), but there are also important “stand-alone” studies. We analyze the “what,” the “how,” the “how much,” and the “when” of entrepreneurs’ actions that lead to venture success. In addition, we integrate the view of entrepreneurship as an evolutionary process. The analysis reveals that studies typically analyze “what” entrepreneurs but less often “when” and “how much” and rarely “why,” “how,” and “what else” they do. Based on our findings, we develop a six-point research agenda. Specifically, we argue that future research should strive to understand the motives behind entrepreneurs’ actions, consider how entrepreneurs conduct activities, and what kind of business ideas they are working on. Also, applying alternative measurements and capturing a more complete picture of what entrepreneurs do when starting a business but also aside from their venturing efforts might contribute to a better understanding of the relationship to venture success.