bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rib and sternal lesions in pediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Ezeokoli Ekene , Schlehr Eva , Mitchell Parker , Borici Neritan , Montgomery Nicole 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by proliferation and tissue infiltration of dendritic cells, most commonly occurring in children. Though it can occur in any organ, it often manifests as skeletal lesions with rib and sternal lesions being common. Due to its ubiquitous nature, LCH lesions can be located in various sites or anatomical systems, however, few studies have characterized and reviewed the eventual outcomes after treatment of isolated rib and sternal LCH lesions, especially in regards to treatment and long-term sequelae. We aimed to characterize unifocal and multifocal skeletal LCH lesions in the rib and sternum to determine the success and recurrence rates with different treatment modalities in a pediatric population at a tertiary children's hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis found 11 patients younger than 18 years old with a diagnosis of unifocal or multifocal LCH lesions of the rib or sternum. Clinical presentations, lesion sites, additional skeletal lesions, biopsy site, radiographic findings, treatments, recurrence rates, and length of follow-up were reviewed and recorded. ResultsEleven patients were found to have unifocal or multifocal LCH lesions involving the rib or sternum (6 males and 5 females). The median age at diagnosis was 7.3 years (0.85-11.8). Three patients (27%) had their lesions resected surgically, all in unifocal cases. All patients had a lytic bone lesion on radiograph, with 3 (27%) pathological fractures. One patient had a local wide excision, one had intralesional curettage, and one patient did not have surgical methodology available. The only unifocal case that did not have a resection was treated with a steroid injection only. All other cases were multifocal and were treated with chemotherapy. There were two cases of recurrence, with both occurring in the multifocal group. Median length of follow-up was 3.4 years (0.36-13.1).ConclusionOur study found that surgical resection with intralesional corticosteroid injection is an appropriate option for unifocal rib and sternal LCH lesions, while rib lesions that are part of a multifocal presentation may be managed adequately with chemotherapy alone. Surgical curettage, resection with intralesional steroid therapy may also be adequate for single-system multifocal skeletal lesions that are anatomically accessible and small in number and size.
The impact of combined PD-L1 positive score on clinical response to nivolumab in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Matsubara Yuki , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Kadowaki Shigenori , Ogata Takatsugu , Nakazawa Taiko , Kato Kyoko , Nozawa Kazuki , Narita Yukiya , Honda Kazunori , Masuishi Toshiki , Bando Hideaki , Ando Masashi , Tajika Masahiro , Oze Isao , Hosoda Waki , Muro Kei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PurposeNivolumab is recommended for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (aESCC) who are refractory or intolerant to fluoropyrimidine-based and platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of tumor proportion score (TPS). However, the predictive role of combined positive score (CPS) to predict nivolumab efficacy is unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from patients with aESCC, who were previously treated with fluoropyrimidines and platinum, and subsequently received nivolumab monotherapy between January 1, 2014 and September 15, 2020. Next, we examined the impact of CPS and TPS on clinical response to nivolumab. The inclusion criteria were refraction or intolerance to fluoropyrimidines and platinum, absence of comorbid malignancies, availability of tissue specimen for immunohistochemistry and programmed cell death-1 analysis results before initiating nivolumab.ResultsFifty patients were included (CPS, ≥ 10/1–10/< 1, n = 23/18/9; TPS, ≥ 10/1–10/< 1%, n = 17/8/25). The median progression-free survival were 4.1, 2.5, and 1.4 months in CPS ≥ 10, 1–10 (hazard ratio [HR] vs. CPS ≥ 10, 1.05; p = 0.90), and < 1 (HR vs. CPS ≥ 10, 3.75; p = 0.003) groups, respectively. Furthermore, among the patients with CPS ≥ 10/1–10/< 1, and TPS ≥ 10/1–10/< 1%, objective response rate were 32/25/0% and 36/0/19%. In addition, disease control rate were 63/50/11% (p = 0.04) and 65/40/38% (p = 0.30).ConclusionsThis study proposes that CPS can predict responses to nivolumab in patients with aESCC better than TPS, making it especially useful for predicting negative outcomes for those with CPS < 1.
Identification of lactate metabolism-related genes for glioma metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Zhou Dong , Mao Rui , Yin Lei , Lin Han , Zheng Jiantao , Yang Yong , Wang Peng , Lv Guangzhao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Alternation in the metabolic mechanism of tumor cells and immune cell infiltration in the tumor area leads to the formation of glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment, which promotes tumor immune escape and limits the efficacy of glioma immunotherapy. Our study aimed to identify lactate-metabolism-related molecules involved in the reprogramming of glioma metabolic pathways and to explore whether they could be potential targets for glioma. Methods: Based on the screening criteria of |logFC|>1, adjusted p < 0.05, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we identified differentially expressed lactate metabolism-related genes (LMGs) in gliomas and depicted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomogram to evaluate its clinical predictive performance. Then, we studied the regulation of LMGs in the tumor microenvironment and their reliability as potential targets for glioma therapy. Results: LDHB, PKM, ICAM3, and PDK1 were closely associated with the prognosis of glioma patients. The involvement of these four LMGs in the reprogramming of glioma metabolism led to lactate accumulation in the tumor microenvironment, which reduced the sensitivity of patients in the high-risk group to immunotherapy. Conclusion: Remodeling the glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment via targeting LMGs may improve the responsiveness of T cell immunotherapy, which becomes a new and improved alternative for glioma treatment.
Interleukin 20 receptor subunit beta（IL20RB） predicts poor prognosis and regulates immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Haoxun , Liu Yiewen , Wang Bowen , Wang Chunyang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and objectiveEmerging evidence has proven the robust role of tumor mutation burden (TMB) and immune cell infiltration (ICI) in cancer immunotherapy. However, the precise effect of TMB and ICI on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains elusive and merits further investigation. Therefore, we aimed to identify the TMB-related genes in predicting prognosis and to explore the potential mechanisms of the identified Interleukin 20 receptor subunit beta (IL20RB) in ICI in ccRCC.MethodThe relative information of patients with ccRCC was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Immune-related genes were downloaded from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal database. Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognosis-related immune genes for ccRCC. The relationship of IL20RB expression levels with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the “limma” and “survival” packages. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases were used as external validation. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of IL20RB in tumor cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to examine the effect of IL20RB on the viability of ccRCC cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was introduced for the analysis of IL20RB-related signaling pathways. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB) were utilized to determine the correlation of IL20RB expression levels with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). ResultsIL20RB was significantly overexpressed in different ccRCC tissues and cells. High IL20RB expression in ccRCC patients was associated with short overall survival, high tumor grade, and advanced TNM stage. After knockdown of IL20RB with small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology, ccRCC cells’ proliferation was significantly attenuated. Moreover, overexpression of IL20RB could increase the infiltration level of several immune cells, especially T follicular helper cells (Tfh), and overexpressed Tfh cells were correlated with poor prognosis in ccRCC.ConclusionsIL20RB may function as an immune-associated therapeutic target for it determines cancer progression and regulates immune cell infiltration in ccRCC.
Effect of flunixin meglumine on pain associated with cautery disbudding on dairy goat kids
Authors: MARTINEZ Gabriela Marcela , Suarez Victor Humberto , Hempstead Melissa , Alfaro Emilio , Alfaro José , Caro Luis Colque 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At 7 days of age, 30 goat kids were randomly allocated to three groups: Sham (Sh) control, (i.e., simulating disbudding); Disbudding (Di), using thermal cauterization; Disbudding + Flunixin (DiFl), thermal cauterization + flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg body weight). Each kid was video-recorded for 30 min before and after treatment to evaluate the frequency of head shaking, head scratching, body shaking, grooming, head rubbing, jumping, running, and bleating. Blood samples were taken 30 minutes after disbudding to evaluate serum cortisol concentrations and white blood cell count. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were measured using a stethoscope. Liveweight of goat kids was recorded at birth, the day before and 7 days after treatment, and at 25 days of age. The mean frequency of behaviors, such as head shaking (Sh: 3.42 ± 3.58; Di: 37.5 ± 47.8; DiFl: 4.02 ± 2.76) and head scratching (Sh: 2.2 ± 1.8; Di: 33.32 ± 31.2; DiFl: 4.42 ± 3.72) after treatment (corrected by pre-treatment values) were higher (p = 0.0001) in Di than in Sh and DiFl, and the frequency of jumping was higher (p = 0.022) for Di (3.74 ± 2.24) than that of DiFl (0.39 ± 0.92). The remaining behaviors did not show differences (p > 0.05). HR and RR were higher (HR: p < 0.0048; RR: p < 0.035) in group Di (HR: 156 ± 13.6; RR: 66 ± 14.8) than in Sh (HR: 138 ± 8.48; RR: 55.6 ± 5.4) and in DiFl (HR: 136 ± 6.38; RR: 52.8 ± 4.13). No differences were detected between liveweight, white blood cell count data (p > 0.05). Based on the results, it appears that flunixin meglumine reduced pain associated with disbudding and improves animal welfare.
Gyrodactylus heteracanthus n. sp. (Polyonchoinea: Gyrodactylidae), a parasite of the canivete, Characidium rachovii Regan, 1913 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from Southern Brazil
Authors: SILVA TAINÃ G. , BRANCHI SABRINA D. , VIANNA ROGÉRIO T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gyrodactylus heteracanthus n. sp. is described from the body surface of Characidium rachovii from a stream in southern Brazil. This is the first report of Gyrodactylus found in C. rachovii from Brazil. Gyrodactylus heteracanthus n. sp. resembles most closely Gyrodactylus carolinae, parasitic of Characidium spp., by presence of male copulatory organ, with a row of 4–6 spinelets, with peripherals spinelets larger than central. The new species differs from G. carolinae by hooklets with a straight shaft and short point that never reaches toe limit, rounded shield, and deep bar with subterminal projections. The intraspecific variation (ITS rDNA) of G. heteracanthus n. sp. is 0.1–0.2%, and the genetic distance from G. carolinae is 7.8–8.0% followed by Gyrodactylus teken and Gyrodactylus pakan, which are also parasitic species of Astyanax aeneus (14.7–18.4%). Morphological features and molecular data support the status of new species for G. heteracanthus n. sp. and place it close to Gyrodactylus, a parasitic host of cyprinodontiforms.
Barriers and Facilitators to Attending and Being Physically Active during Recreation Time among Women Incarcerated
Authors: Camplain Ricky , Williamson Heather J. , Pinn Travis A. , Shuman Sara , Robinson Bethany M. , Evans Maribeth , Luna Crystal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Most women incarcerated in jail are not physically active and do not attend recreation time (rec-time), a time dedicated to being physically active, outside. The purpose of this study was to determine barriers and facilitators to attending and being physically active during rec-time among women incarcerated in jail. Methods: We recruited and distributed a cross-sectional questionnaire to 100 women incarcerated at the Coconino County Detention Facility (CCDF) in Flagstaff, Arizona from March to July 2020. Women were asked about their experience with rec-time at CCDF, including if they had ever attended, how often they attended, if they exercised at rec-time, activities they participated in, and motivators, barriers, and benefits to attend rec-time. Results: Among 99 women who completed the questionnaire, 89% had ever attended rec-time. Most women identified environmental- and health-related motivators to attending rec-time including enjoying natural light (74%), getting fresh air (83%), a change in environment (62%), and to move around and exercise (72%). Many women indicated environmental-, equipment-, clothing, and motivation-related barriers to attending rec-time. Specifically, women believed there was a lack of equipment (56%) and limited access to proper footwear (49%). Conclusions: As health and environment are important motivators and barriers to being physically active among women incarcerated in jail, it is important to identify appropriate environmental and policy interventions to increase the use of rec-time and physical activity. If a correctional facility does not offer rec-time or a similar alternative, one should be established, accessible, and welcoming.
Ultrafiltration for homogenization of wheat germ oil:water system: Droplet size distribution and stability of emulsion
Authors: Lai Quoc Dat , Doan Ngoc Thuc Trinh , Nguyen Hoang Dung , Huynh Thi Thuy Loan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wheat germ oil (WGO) in water emulsion is increasingly being used in a variety of fields due to its outstanding nutritional and health benefits. To enhance WGO composability, emulsification should be performed to allow them to dissolve more easily in the food matrix or active packaging. Membrane emulsification is a promising advanced homogenization technology that has recently been developed. This research focused on application of membrane emulsification for homogenization of WGO-in-water emulsion polyether sulfone (PESU) membrane with 0.45 µm of pore size, operating pressure from 5 to 9 bar, with WGO fraction in range 10 – 20% w/w and lecithin ratio in range 0 – 0.2% w/v were evaluated on the mean of particle diameter, distribution of particles diameter, stability of emulsion, and permeate flux. Higher operating pressure led to smaller mean particle diameters, higher homogenization efficiency and permeate flux. However, increasing the WGO fraction showed the opposite trend. Notably, increasing lecithin ratio from 0 to 0.2%, the mean particle diameter increased from 3.36 to 7.72 µm, homogenization efficiency decreased from 98.54 to 97.68%, and permeate flux decreased from 105.95 to 77.45 L.h-1.m-2. The results showed the advantage of using PESU membrane in WGO-in-water homogenization, that produce emulsions with small particle size (50% of particle volume was less than 5µm), high emulsion stability (greater than 95%) and lower emulsifier usage. Results imply premix membrane emulsification is potential to apply homogenization WGO-in-water emulsion.
Observations of Teaching during Patient Care across Clerkships: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Clay Alison , Smothers Zachary , Allen Deborah Hutchinson , Andolsek Kathryn M. , Truong Tracy , Kim Heewon , Knudsen Nancy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Bedside teaching is fundamental to clinical education, providing opportunities for teaching and assessment, but is rarely evaluated or compared across students’ experiences. Our purpose was to evaluate key differences in teaching practices between required clerkships.Methods: This is a mixed-methods observational study at Duke University designed to compare teaching concurrent with patient care on required medical student clerkships. A checklist to catalogue teaching during rounds was developed based on the literature of teaching best practices, including number of patients seen, time per patient, length and number of student presentations, observed opportunities for student assessment using entrustable professional activities (EPA), learning climate, and teaching by preceptors. Non-quantitative data about teaching practices were captured as field notes, then organized into best practices for faculty development.Results: Between January 2017 and June 2019, 42 separate teaching episodes were observed for 66 student presentations. All observations were analyzed qualitatively and 35 inpatient rounding observations were analyzed quantitatively. Most rounds (44.1%) were “at bedside,” 38.2% of discussions occurred in a conference room, and 17.6% used a combination. Time/patient ranged from a median of 4.5 minutes-15.0 minutes. Only the surgery clerkship taught at the bedside. No statistically significant differences in teaching skill or learning climate across clerkships were observed. Procedural services (Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology) had shorter median time/patient (5.0 min vs 14.6 min, p=0.002), shorter student presentations (2.0 min vs 4.0 min, p=0.017) and fewer interruptions (0 vs. 1, p=0.024) than non-procedural services (Neurology, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Psychiatry). Student discussion of management plans was observed more on procedural services while student skills with history, physical exams, and differential diagnosis were observed more on non-procedural services. Conclusions: Significant variation in teaching exists across clerkships; differences might be harnessed by distributing student responsibilities and EPA evaluations and across clerkships.
Sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: prevalence, predictors, and implications for sexual and reproductive health programming
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Nalugya Aisha , Mugambe Richard K. , Wagaba Brenda , Nakalembe Doreen , Bagonza Richard Asaba , Tigaiza Arnold , Kansiime Winnie K. , Mutebi Aloysious , Wafula Solomon T. , Ssempala Richard , Isunju John Bosco , Buregyeya Esther 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPsychoactive substance use has an impact on risky sexual behaviour. Globaly, over 275 million people use psychoactive substances, however evidence on the predictors of sex under the influence of these substatnces is scanty. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people aged 18-24 years.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 sexually active young psychoactive substance users living in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a digitalized structured questionnaire preloaded on Kobocollect. The questionnaire captured data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, history of psychoactive substance use, and sexual behaviours. Data were analysed using STATA Version 14.0. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variable. Adjusted prevalence ratios at a p-value value ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval were considered.ResultsAbout 61.0% (454/744) of the respondents had sex under the influence of psychoactive substances in the last 30 days. The predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances were being female (PR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34), being 20-24 years of age (PR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44), being married (PR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31) or divorced/separated (PR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.26-1.61), not living with biological parents or guardians (PR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.99-1.50), earning 71 USD and below (PR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-1.03) and using alcohol (PR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.25-1.69), marijuana (PR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31) and khat (PR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.42) in the last 30 days.ConclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. The predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances were being female, being 20-24 years of age, being married or divorced/separated, not living with biological parents or guardians, and using alcohol, marijuana and khat in the last 30 days. There is a need for sexual and reproductive health programs to incorporate risk reduction interventions that aim to reduce sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among the said categories in informal settlements.
Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Circular Economy Promotion Law on the Utilization Rate of Industrial Solid Waste in Resource-based Cities
Authors: Guo Sidai , Lei Gaowen , Yuan Zihan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, the impact of industrial solid waste (ISW) on the environment is arousing the government’s attention. Improving the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW not only reduces environmental pollution but also promotes the recycling of resources and ease the pressure on re-sources. This study uses the panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2015 to establish a DID model then empirically analyze the impact of the Circular Economy Promotion Law (CEPL) on the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW in resource-based cities. It was found that implementation of the CEPL will increase the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW in re-source-based cities. Furthermore, the higher the city's environmental regulation score, the more obvious the effect of the CEPL on the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW. This study also found that the impact of CEPL on the comprehensive utilization rate of ISW in resource-based cities will change due to variation of city’s type and city’s location. This study not only enriches the theoretical basis for the research on factors affecting ISW management but also provides new ideas for transforming the ISW management model and realizing a "win-win" between the economy and the ecological environment.