bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It's not all doom and gloom: What the pandemic has taught us about digitally inclusive practices that support people with learning disabilities to access and use technologies
Authors: Seale Jane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine whether and how people with learning disabilities were being supported to use technologies to keep connected and stay well during the pandemic.MethodsThirty‐eight people in a range of support roles were interviewed about their experiences of trying to support people with learning disabilities to use technologies during the pandemic with a particular focus on the difficulties experienced by learning disabilities and the practices that supporters developed to try to overcome these difficulties.FindingsFindings revealed examples of digital exclusion, where people with learning disabilities were not able to use technology. The three main barriers to digital inclusion were cost, access and environment. The findings also revealed examples of digital inclusion, where those in support roles worked to overcome these barriers. These digitally inclusive support practices can be characterised as ‘possibility focused’. Possibility focused support has four key components: creativity, resilience, risk‐management and shared decision‐making.ConclusionThe pandemic has shown us that it is important to support people with learning disabilities to use technologies. It is important that we learn from the experiences of those supporters who helped people with learning disabilities access and use technologies during the pandemic, so that digitally inclusive support practice is shared more widely and more people with learning disabilities are supported to be digitally included beyond the pandemic.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG7‐miRNA‐mRNA axes crosstalk with oncogenic signaling pathways in human cancers
Authors: Malakoti Faezeh , Alemi Forough , Yeganeh Shirin Jafari , Hosseini Foroogh , Shabestani Nazila , Samemaleki Sahar , Maleki Masomeh , Daneshvar Sarvin Fathi , Montazer Majid , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLncRNAs and miRNAs are the two most important non‐coding RNAs, which have been identified to be associated with cancer progression or prevention. The dysregulation of lncRNAs conducts tumorigenesis and metastasis in different ways. One of the mechanisms is that lncRNAs interact with miRNAs to regulate distinct cellular and genomic processes and cancer progression. LncRNA SNHG7 as an oncogene sponges miRNAs and develops lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA axes, leading to the regulation of several signaling pathways such as Wnt/β‐Catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1, and Snail‐EMT. Therefore, in this article, after a brief overview of lncRNA SNHG7‐miRNA‐mRNA axes' contribution to cancer development, we will discuss the role of lncRNA SNHG7 in the genes expression and signaling pathways related to cancers development via acting as a ceRNA.
Airway autoimmunity, asthma exacerbations, and response to biologics
Authors: Venegas Garrido Carmen , Mukherjee Manali , Bhalla Anurag , Nair Parameswaran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiologic therapies in asthma are indicated in severe disease, and they are directed against specific inflammatory modulators that contribute to pathogenesis and severity. Currently approved biologics target T2 cytokines (IgE, IL‐5, IL‐4/IL‐13, and TLSP) and have demonstrated efficacy in clinical outcomes such as exacerbation rate and oral corticosteroid dose reductions, blood and airway eosinophil depletion, and lung function improvement. However, a proportion of these patients may show inadequate responses to biologics, with either initial lack of improvement or clinical and functional worsening after an optimal initial response. Exacerbations while on a biologic may be due to several reasons, including imprecise identification of the dominant effector pathway contributing to severity, additional inflammatory pathways that are not targeted by the biologic, inaccuracies of the biomarker used to guide therapy, inadequate dosing schedules, intercurrent airway infections, anti‐drug neutralizing antibodies, and a novel phenomenon of autoimmune responses in the airways interfering with the effectiveness of the monoclonal antibodies. This review, illustrated using case scenarios, describes the underpinnings of airway autoimmune responses in driving exacerbations while patients are being treated with biologics, device a strategy to evaluate such exacerbations, an algorithm to switch between biologics, and perhaps to consider two biologics concurrently.
Common and rare variants in patients with early onset drusen maculopathy
Authors: de Breuk Anita , Lechanteur Yara T. E. , Astuti Galuh , Galbany Jordi Corominas , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Hoyng Carel B. , den Hollander Anneke I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarly onset drusen maculopathy (EODM) can lead to advanced macular degeneration at a young age, affecting quality of life. However, the genetic causes of EODM are not well studied. We performed whole genome sequencing in 49 EODM patients. Common genetic variants were analysed by calculating genetic risk scores based on 52 age‐related macular generation (AMD)‐associated variants, and we analysed rare variants in candidate genes to identify potential deleterious variants that might contribute to EODM development. We demonstrate that the 52 AMD‐associated variants contributed to EODM, especially variants located in the complement pathway. Furthermore, we identified 26 rare genetic variants predicted to be pathogenic based on in silico prediction tools or based on reported pathogenicity in literature. These variants are located predominantly in the complement and lipid metabolism pathways. Last, evaluation of 18 genes causing inherited retinal dystrophies that can mimic AMD characteristics, revealed 11 potential deleterious variants in eight EODM patients. However, phenotypic characteristics did not point towards a retinal dystrophy in these patients. In conclusion, this study reports new insights into rare variants that are potentially involved in EODM development, and which are relevant for future studies unravelling the aetiology of EODM.
Prevention of occupational hand eczema in healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A controlled intervention study
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Stasielowicz Lukasz , Brans Richard , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen Malte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundOccupational hand eczema (HE) is common among healthcare workers (HCWs) and has—in some regions of the world—increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to related hygiene measures.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of an intervention for HE prevention in HCWs during the pandemic.MethodsA prospective, controlled, unblinded interventional trial was conducted in 302 HCWs. The intervention group (IG) (n = 135) received online‐based health education and free access to hand cleansing and hand care products. The control group (CG) (n = 167) did not receive any intervention within the study. At baseline (T0), after 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months, participants completed standardized questionnaires. The Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI) was assessed at T0 and T2.ResultsDuring the observation period, there were no new HE cases in the IG (n = 115) and 12 cases (8.8%) in the CG (n = 136). OHSI values at T2 were lower in the IG (b = −1.44, p < 0.001). Daily use of emollients was higher at work (b = 1.73, p < 0.001) and at home (b = 1.62, p < 0.001) in the IG at T2.ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in HE prevention and improving skin care behaviour during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Factors associated with early postoperative exercise tolerance after living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yoshioka Yuji , Oshima Yohei , Hata Koichiro , Sato Susumu , Hamada Ryota , Sato Tatsuya , Kaido Toshimi , Munekage Fumiaki , Ito Takashi , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical dysfunction, including exercise intolerance, is a major factor for delayed societal reintegration for patients who underwent living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT). However, what may contribute to early postoperative physical function is not well known. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the perioperative factors affecting early posttransplant exercise intolerance.Methods103 consecutive patients who underwent LDLT were enrolled, and 68 patients were retrospectively analyzed. We examined the relationship between postoperative exercise tolerance evaluated by a 6‐minute walking distance (6MWD) at discharge after surgery and demographic data, surgical information, preoperative physical function, clinical course, and the postoperative decline in physical function with univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAlmost all patients were discharged within 3 months after surgery. The postoperative 6MWD was 408 ± 94 m (68 [61–84]% of the predicted value), and patients who had a low %6MWD at discharge had significantly lower preoperative physical function than patients who had a high %6MWD at discharge (grip strength: 29.8 ± 8.9 kgf vs. 23.0 ± 8.8 kgf, P < .01, knee extensor strength: 138.9 ± 59.4 Nm vs. 95.2 ± 42.1 Nm, P < .01). Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative knee extensor strength (standardized β = 0.35, P < .01) and first postoperative walking day (standardized β = −0.22, P = .04) were independently associated with the postoperative %6MWD.ConclusionThese results suggest that maintaining preoperative muscle strength and allowing for early postoperative mobilization might help to enhance the recovery of physical function and facilitate the patient's social reintegration after LDLT.
More than words: Neurophysiological correlates of semantic dissimilarity depend on comprehension of the speech narrative
Authors: Broderick Michael P. , Zuk Nathaniel J. , Anderson Andrew J. , Lalor Edmund C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpeech comprehension relies on the ability to understand words within a coherent context. Recent studies have attempted to obtain electrophysiological indices of this process by modelling how brain activity is affected by a word's semantic dissimilarity to preceding words. Although the resulting indices appear robust and are strongly modulated by attention, it remains possible that, rather than capturing the contextual understanding of words, they may actually reflect word‐to‐word changes in semantic content without the need for a narrative‐level understanding on the part of the listener. To test this, we recorded electroencephalography from subjects who listened to speech presented in either its original, narrative form, or after scrambling the word order by varying amounts. This manipulation affected the ability of subjects to comprehend the speech narrative but not the ability to recognise individual words. Neural indices of semantic understanding and low‐level acoustic processing were derived for each scrambling condition using the temporal response function. Signatures of semantic processing were observed when speech was unscrambled or minimally scrambled and subjects understood the speech. The same markers were absent for higher scrambling levels as speech comprehension dropped. In contrast, word recognition remained high and neural measures related to envelope tracking did not vary significantly across scrambling conditions. This supports the previous claim that electrophysiological indices based on the semantic dissimilarity of words to their context reflect a listener's understanding of those words relative to that context. It also highlights the relative insensitivity of neural measures of low‐level speech processing to speech comprehension.
Population genomic monitoring provides insight into conservation status but no correlation with demographic estimates of extinction risk in a threatened trout
Authors: Hemstrom William , Dauwalter Daniel , Peacock Mary M. , Leasure Douglas , Wenger Seth , Miller Michael R. , Neville Helen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current extinction crisis requires effective assessment and monitoring tools. Genetic approaches are appealing given the relative ease of field sampling required to estimate genetic diversity characteristics assumed related to population size, evolutionary potential, and extinction risk, and to evaluate hybridization with non‐native species simultaneously. However, linkages between population genetic metrics of diversity from survey‐style field collections and demographic estimates of population size and extinction risk are still in need of empirical examples, especially for remotely distributed species of conservation concern where the approach might be most beneficial. We capitalized on an exceptional opportunity to evaluate congruence between genetic diversity metrics and demographic‐based estimates of abundance and extinction risk from a comprehensive Multiple Population Viability Analysis (MPVA) in a threatened fish, the Lahontan cutthroat trout (LCT). We sequenced non‐native trout reference samples and recently collected and archived tissue samples of most remaining populations of LCT (N = 60) and estimated common genetic assessment metrics, predicting minimal hybridization with non‐native trout, low diversity, and declining diversity over time. We further hypothesized genetic metrics would correlate positively with MPVA‐estimated abundance and negatively with extinction probability. We uncovered several instances of hybridization that pointed to immediate management needs. After removing hybridized individuals, cautious interpretation of low effective population sizes (2–63) suggested reduced evolutionary potential for many LCT populations. Other genetic metrics did not decline over time nor correlate with MPVA‐based estimates of harmonic mean abundance or 30‐year extinction probability. Our results demonstrate benefits of genetic monitoring for efficiently detecting hybridization and, though genetic results were disconnected from demographic assessment of conservation status, they suggest reduced evolutionary potential and likely a higher conservation risk than currently recognized for this threatened fish. We emphasize that genetic information provides essential complementary insight, in addition to demographic information, for evaluating species status.
Enhancement of nerve regeneration with nimodipine treatment after sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Al‐Saedi Haider F. , Panahi Yasin , Ghanimi Hussein A. , Abdolmaleki Arash , Asadi Asadollah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries (PNI/s) are common orthopedic conditions, characterized by motor and sensory deficits in the damaged region. There is growing evidence that the L‐type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in animal models of neurological disorders. The efficacy of nimodipine on improving motor function and sensation following a sciatic nerve crush model was investigated in male Wistar rats as a model of PNI. At different time periods following damage, we evaluated motor function, sensory recovery, electrophysiology, histomorphometry, and gene expression. Moreover, we used histological and mass ratio analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle to assess atrophy. Our findings suggest that the nimodipine improves motor and sensory function more quickly in the damaged region 2, 4, and 6 weeks after 1 week of treatment. Nimodipine treatment also increased the number of myelinated fibers while decreasing their thickness, as shown by histomorphometry. Additionally, nimodipine treatment increases the mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NGF), which are known to contribute to the regeneration of injured neurons. The impact of nimodipine in PNI recovery may be due to its stimulation of the CREB signaling pathway and suppression of pro‐inflammatory factor production.
Integrating the impact of global change on the niche and physiology of marine nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria
Authors: Wrightson Lewis , Yang Nina , Mahaffey Claire , Hutchins David A. , Tagliabue Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMarine nitrogen fixation is a major source of new nitrogen to the ocean, which interacts with climate driven changes to physical nutrient supply to regulate the response of ocean primary production in the oligotrophic tropical ocean. Warming and changes in nutrient supply may alter the ecological niche of nitrogen‐fixing organisms, or ‘diazotrophs’, however, impacts of warming on diazotroph physiology may also be important. Lab‐based studies reveal that warming increases the nitrogen fixation‐specific elemental use efficiency (EUE) of two prevalent marine diazotrophs, Crocosphaera and Trichodesmium, thus reducing their requirements for the limiting nutrients iron and phosphorus. Here, we coupled a new diazotroph model based upon observed diazotroph energetics of growth and resource limitation to a state‐of‐the‐art global model of phytoplankton physiology and ocean biogeochemistry. Our model is able to address the integrated response of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera to warming under the IPCC high emission RCP8.5 scenario for the first time. Our results project a global decline in nitrogen fixation over the coming century. However, the regional response of nitrogen fixation to climate change is modulated by the diazotroph‐specific thermal performance curves and EUE, particularly in the Pacific Ocean, which shapes global trends. Spatially, the response of both diazotrophs is similar with expansion towards higher latitudes and reduced rates of nitrogen fixation in the lower latitudes. Overall, 95%–97% of the nitrogen fixation climate signal can be attributed to the combined effect of temperature on the niche and physiology of marine diazotrophs, with decreases being associated with a reduced niche and increases resulting due to a combination of expanding niche and temperature driven changes to EUE. Climate change impacts on both the niche and physiology of marine diazotrophs interact to shape patterns of marine nitrogen fixation, which will have important implications for ocean productivity in the future.
Projections of leaf turgor loss point shifts under future climate change scenarios
Authors: Tordoni Enrico , Petruzzellis Francesco , Di Bonaventura Azzurra , Pavanetto Nicola , Tomasella Martina , Nardini Andrea , Boscutti Francesco , Martini Fabrizio , Bacaro Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPredicting the consequences of climate change is of utmost importance to mitigate impacts on vulnerable ecosystems; plant hydraulic traits are particularly useful proxies for predicting functional disruptions potentially occurring in the near future. This study assessed the current and future regional patterns of leaf water potential at turgor loss point (Ψtlp) by measuring and projecting the Ψtlp of 166 vascular plant species (159 angiosperms and 7 gymnosperms) across a large climatic range spanning from alpine to Mediterranean areas in NE Italy. For angiosperms, random forest models predicted a consistent shift toward more negative values in low‐elevation areas, whereas for gymnosperms the pattern was more variable, particularly in the alpine sector (i.e., Alps and Prealps). Simulations were also developed to evaluate the number of threatened species under two Ψtlp plasticity scenarios (low vs. high plasticity), and it was found that in the worst‐case scenario approximately 72% of the angiosperm species and 68% of gymnosperms within a location were at risk to exceed their physiological plasticity. The different responses to climate change by specific clades might produce reassembly in natural communities, undermining the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change.
Age, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications of the late Permian magmatic rocks in the Middle Gobi volcanoplutonic Belt, Mongolia
Authors: Ganbat Ariuntsetseg , Tsujimori Tatsuki , Miao Laicheng , Safonova Inna , Pastor‐Galán Daniel , Anaad Chimedtseren , Aoki Shogo , Aoki Kazumasa , Chimedsuren Munkhnasan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Mongol–Okhotsk Belt, the youngest segment of Central Asian Orogenic Belt, was formed by the evolution and closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. The oceanic closure formed two volcanoplutonic belts: Selenge Belt in the north and the Middle Gobi Belt in the south (in present day coordinates). However, the origin and tectonic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Belt in general, and the origin and formation age of the Middle Gobi Belt in particular, remain enigmatic. To better understand the history of the magmatic activity in the Middle Gobi Belt, we conducted geochemical, U–Pb geochronological, zircon Hf, and whole‐rock Nd isotopic analyses of samples from the Mandalgovi volcanoplutonic suite, the major component of the Middle Gobi Belt. Our results show that the plutonic rock consists of ~285 Ma gabbro, ~265 Ma biotite‐granite and ~250 Ma hornblende‐granodiorite. The volcanic counterpart is represented by a Permian Sahalyn gol rhyolite and ~247 Ma Ikh khad andesite. The geochemical compositions of biotite‐granite and hornblende‐granodiorite indicate that their precursors were metagraywacke and amphibolite, respectively. They are characterized by positive whole‐rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values, indicating juvenile protoliths. The gabbro was derived by partial melting of a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source in a supra‐subduction setting. The biotite‐granite and Sahalyn gol rhyolite are formed by remelting of sediments in an inter‐arc extension setting. Later the hornblende‐granite and Ikh khad volcanic were emplaced at a volcanic arc formed by the subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. We conclude that the magmatic rocks of the Middle Gobi Belt formed in an active continental margin setting. Considering the consistent distribution of coeval arc‐derived magmatic formations along the southern margin of the Mongol–Okhotsk Belt, the oceanic basin was closed in a relatively simultaneous manner.
Effects of root canal enlargement on unprepared areas and coronal dentine thickness of three‐rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations: A stepwise micro‐CT study
Authors: Versiani Marco A. , Carvalho Kleber K. T. , Martins Jorge N. R. , Custódio Antonio L. N. , Castro Maurício A. A. , Akaki Emílio , Silva‐Sousa Yara T. C. S. , Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of progressive root canal enlargements on the unprepared surface area and remaining dentine thickness of three‐rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations.MethodologyThirty three‐rooted maxillary first premolars with three root configurations (n = 10) were selected and scanned in a micro‐CT device. The root canals were sequentially enlarged with rotary instruments sizes 30.02 (step 1), 30.04 (step 2) and 30.06 (step 3). After each step, a new scan was taken. Analysed parameters included morphometric measurements (length, volume and surface area), number of static voxels and minimal dentine thickness. Statistical analyses were performed with one‐way anova post hoc Tukey tests and paired sample t‐test at a significance level of 5%.ResultsNo statistical differences were observed amongst groups regarding the morphometric parameters and static voxels (p > .05). The minimal dentine thickness of the distobuccal root significantly changed depending on the root configuration (p < .05), whilst no differences were observed in the other roots (p > .05). A great variation in the position of the minimal dentine thickness was observed after preparation. Overall, mean percentage reduction in dentine thickness was higher in the buccal roots than in the palatal root (p < .05). In the mesiobuccal and distobuccal root, the number of slices with minimal dentine thickness lower than 0.05 mm increases 2 to 3 times and 3 to 4 times, respectively, from steps 1 to 3.ConclusionsInstruments sizes 30.02 and 30.04 can be safely and effectively used to enlarge the buccal and palatal canals of three‐rooted maxillary first premolars.