bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ukraine is here, the maps stay the same. On the ethics of framing an analysis.
Authors: Denis Claude 
Published: October 2022

With Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the world in which New Area Studies (NAS) were born has shifted, and this leaves us with a number of questions on how to move on. In this post-2/24 world, we are back to the past of raw military power, colonial conquest and destabilized international borders. And because the invasion is, itself, explicitly dealing with Ukraine and its borderlands as constructs of history and of politics – as illegitimate constructs, in the Putinian telling – it presents an ethical challenge for constructivist, NAS scholars. I am proposing a two-part ethical and political reflection on how to think about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – and, more to the point, how to think about areas and borders in view of the war.In different circumstances, highlighting the historical constructedness of Ukraine’s (and therefore Russia’s) borders would make sense, while always carrying risks of “recuperation” by Russian revanchists. Now, this risk is heightened sharply and the question of how to be a scholar in a time of war is urgent. Analysis of the situation needs to be anchored first and last in a recognition of the profound wrong that is being perpetrated by Russia against Ukraine, and in an affirmation of the Ukrainian people’s existence and right to exist. The first part of the ethical reflection, then, calls for resisting the use of history as justification for political projects. The second part of the ethical reflection resists a different dimension of the urge to step back and contextualize, especially in left-leaning academia: the critique of American imperialism and of NATO’s very existence as its instrument. But putting one’s critical and political energies, now, in fighting NATO’s expansion and support of Ukraine cannot but bolster Russia. Whatever NATO’s misdeeds were toward Russia in the past thirty years, there can be no equivalence with the death and destruction that Russia is raining on Ukraine since 2/24 – and recognition of this fundamental imbalance must inform our practices, as citizens and as scholars.
SALT3-NIR: Taking the Open-source Type Ia Supernova Model to Longer Wavelengths for Next-generation Cosmological Measurements
Authors: Pierel J. D. R. , Jones D. O. , Kenworthy W. D. , Dai M. , Kessler R. , Ashall C. , Do A. , Peterson E. R. , Shappee B. J. , Siebert M. R. , Barna T. , Brink T. G. , Burke J. , Calamida A. , Camacho-Neves Y. , Jaeger T. de , Filippenko A. V. , Foley R. J. , Galbany L. , Fox O. D. , Gomez S. , Hiramatsu D. , Hounsell R. , Howell D. A. , Jha S. W. , Kwok L. A. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Poidevin F. , Rest A. , Rubin D. , Scolnic D. M. , Shirley R. , Strolger L. G. , Tinyanont S. , Wang Q. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A large fraction of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) observations over the next decade will be in the near-infrared (NIR), at wavelengths beyond the reach of the current standard light-curve model for SN Ia cosmology, SALT3 (∼2800–8700 Å central filter wavelength). To harness this new SN Ia sample and reduce future light-curve standardization systematic uncertainties, we train SALT3 at NIR wavelengths (SALT3-NIR) up to 2 μm with the open-source model-training software SALTshaker, which can easily accommodate future observations. Using simulated data, we show that the training process constrains the NIR model to ∼2%–3% across the phase range (−20 to 50 days). We find that Hubble residual (HR) scatter is smaller using the NIR alone or optical+NIR compared to optical alone, by up to ∼30% depending on filter choice (95% confidence). There is significant correlation between NIR light-curve stretch measurements and luminosity, with stretch and color corrections often improving HR scatter by up to ∼20%. For SN Ia observations expected from the Roman Space Telescope, SALT3-NIR increases the amount of usable data in the SALT framework by ∼20% at redshift z ≲ 0.4 and by ∼50% at z ≲ 0.15. The SALT3-NIR model is part of the open-source SNCosmo and SNANA SN Ia cosmology packages.
JWST Sneaks a Peek at the Stellar Morphology of z ∼ 2 Submillimeter Galaxies: Bulge Formation at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Chen 陳 Chian-Chou 建州 , Gao Zhen-Kai , Hsu Qi-Ning , Liao Cheng-Lin , Ling Yu-Han , Lo Ching-Min , Smail Ian , Wang Wei-Hao , Wang Yu-Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We report morphological analyses of seven submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z ∼ 2 using the James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam images taken as part of the public CEERS and PRIMER surveys. Through two-dimensional surface brightness profile fitting we find evidence of compact reddened stellar structures in all the SMGs, in particular in the F444W filter, suggesting an ubiquitous presence of stellar bulges. The median size of these bulges at F444W with a bootstrapped uncertainty is found to be 0.7 ± 1.0 kpc (0.6–0.7–3.9 kpc for 14th–50th–86th percentiles) and the median Sérsic index is 0.7 ± 0.9 (0.4–0.7–2.8 for 14th–50th–86th percentiles). Structures akin to spiral arms and bars are also identified, and their asymmetric shapes, tidal features, as well as evidence of nearby galaxies at consistent redshifts as those of corresponding SMGs suggest that these SMGs are undergoing dynamical interactions, likely responsible for the triggering of their star-forming activity. Via a curve-of-growth analysis we deduce half-light radii for the NIRCam wave bands, finding that sizes are significantly smaller at longer wavelengths in all cases, in particular that the median size ratio between F444W and F150W is 0.6 ± 0.1. However, we also find that F444W sizes, roughly corresponding to rest-frame H band, are not smaller than those of submillimeter continuum as measured by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, contradicting certain recent predictions from theoretical models. Our results suggest that while stellar bulges are undergoing an active formation phase in SMGs at z ∼ 2, the total stellar masses of SMGs are still dominated by their disks, not bulges.
A Significant Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance Associated with Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 221009A
Authors: Hayes Laura A. , Gallagher Peter T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We report the detection of a significant sudden ionospheric disturbance in the D-region of Earth’s ionosphere (∼60–100 km), which was associated with the massive γ-ray burst GRB 221009A that occurred on 2022 October 9. We identified the disturbance over northern Europe—a result of the increased ionization by X- and γ-ray emission from the GRB-using very low frequency radio waves as a probe of the D-region. These observations demonstrate that an extra-galactic GRB (z ∼ 0.151) can have a significant impact on the terrestrial atmosphere and illustrates that the Earth’s ionosphere can be used as a giant X- and γ-ray detector. Indeed, these observations may provide an insight into the impacts of GRBs on the ionospheres of planets in our solar system and beyond.
Après le choc de la crise sanitaire, la montée des tensions sur le marché du travail
Authors: Delahaie Noélie 
Published: October 2022

Depuis plus de deux ans, la crise sanitaire liée à la pandémie de Covid-19 met fortement à l’épreuve le marché du travail irlandais. Craignant une crise durable et profonde, le gouvernement met en place dès mars 2020 une politique inédite de soutien aux revenus et à l’emploi. Cet article montre que si les mesures pandémiques ont permis une sortie de crise rapide, de fortes pénuries de main-œuvre affectent les secteurs à hauts salaires et bas salaires, engendrant ainsi une montée des tensions sur le marché du travail.
Claustration et ouverture dans le Voir Dit de Guillaume de Machaut
Authors: Corbellari Alain 
Published: October 2022

Les questions de la clôture et de la claustration sont essentielles et intimement liées dans le Voir Dit de Guillaume de Machaut. Le texte, où prolifèrent les rondeaux et dont la Roue de Fortune gouverne la narration, comprend en outre nombre de scènes où l’enfermement est thématisé : enfermement des objets, tel le portrait de Toute Belle, confinement des amants dans leurs chambres ou dans l’auberge de la Foire du Lendit, menace de prise de corps par les Grandes Compagnies, finalement détournée par le biais de l’allégorie, tout le Voir Dit métaphorise en fin de compte la possibilité qu’a la littérature d’enclore le secret ultime des amants.
Bondavin revisité. Sibon continuée
Authors: Coulet Noël 
Published: October 2022

Un protocole d’un notaire instrumentant sur les bords de l’étang de Berre en 1343–1345 révèle l’activité de crédit de Bondavin de Draguignan, le Shylock reconsidéré de J. Shatzmiller, dans un secteur de l’espace provençal qu’il ne semblait pas avoir fréquenté.
The burden of epilepsy: data from an epilepsy clinic
Authors: Gamage Ranjanie , Gooneratne Inuka Kishara 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Over half of the 50 million people with epilepsy worldwide are estimated to live in Asia, but information about the recognition of the burden created by the disease is scarce. Studies in the region and in Sri Lanka focusing on the burden of epilepsy are limited. Design/Setting: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to determine educational, marital, and employment opportunities of patients with epilepsy attending the epilepsy clinic at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka for one year. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Data was gathered from 500 patients. Male to female ratio was 1.08:0.92. Two hundred and twelve patients (42.4%) belonged to the 16 to 30 age group while 140 (28%) were from the 31 to 45 age group. Most of the patients in the aforesaid age groups (n=352) were unemployed (n=211, 59.94%) and only 89 (25.3%) were employed. Two hundred and sixty four patients (75%) were unmarried while 7 (1.9%) were divorced. The number of patients who received primary and secondary education were 44 (24.4%) and 93 (51.6%) respectively. Two (1.1%) patients went to university. Forty one (22.8%) had no schooling. Interpretation: Many epilepsy patients have fewer educational, marital, and employment opportunities which contribute towards poor interpersonal skills, social withdrawal and low selfesteem. This emphasises that epilepsy is a chronic disabling neurological disorder which causes many psychosocial tribulations that need to be addressed by healthcare professionals.
Stroke subtypes and risk factors in the Jaffna district – A hospital based study
Authors: Arasalingam A. , Kumanan T. , Kamalakkannan K. , Visvakumar M. , Wimalawardhana R. M. M. P. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the stroke subtypes and risk factors in the Jaffna district and to determine if it differed from the rest of Sri Lanka. Methods: A hospital based prospective, cross sectional study was carried out in 448 stroke patients admitted to the Jaffna Teaching Hospital, from December 2014 to August 2015. Diagnosis of stroke was made according to the WHO definition and confirmed by a CT brain. The patients were investigated for conventional risk factors. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS. Results: There were a total of 448 cases included in the study of which 226 (50.45%) were males and 222 (49.55%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 66.0 ± 12.23 for males and 67.25 ± 12.12 for females. Stroke subtypes showed preponderance for ischaemic strokes (84.15%). Hypertension was the commonest risk factor (56%) and the other risk factors were ranked as follows; past history of stroke (39.4%), smoking (30.8%), diabetes mellitus (26.05%), dyslipdaemia (15.8%), family history of stroke (12.3%) and ischaemic heart disease (11.9%). Conclusions: Ischaemic stroke was the commonest subtype and lacunar stroke was the commonest presentation according to the OCSP classification. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor. Preventive strategies to detect hypertension and diabetes early and public awareness of the ill effects of smoking should contribute significantly in the reduction of stroke burden.
Oculopalatal tremor and hypertrophic olivary degeneration
Authors: Mahapitiya W. L. S. , Senanayake A. E. S. , Sirisena Darshana , Caldera Manjula C. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Oculopalatal tremor is characterized by synchronous occurrence of palatal tremor and pendular nystagmus. Oculopalatal tremor (OPT) follows a destructive lesion in the Guillain- Mollaret triangle (GMT) and is associated with hypertrophic inferior olive degeneration (HOD). Case presentation: We report a case of 45 yearsold patient with palatal tremor and pendular nystagmus without ear click. He has had a brainstem stroke 11 months back. He had right side pyramidal drift, left side lower motor neuron type facial weakness and left abducens nerve palsy and mild gait ataxia in addition to oculopalatal tremor. MRI showed hypertrophic inferior olive degeneration. Conclusion: Ear click is an infrequent finding in symptomatic palatal tremor. Additional clinical features may be present in OPT depending on topography of initial structural lesion. There is a wide variety of time intervals between the occurrence of anatomical lesions and recognition of palatal tremor.
Acute ischaemic stroke as a rare complication of multiple wasp bites
Authors: Rifath M. I. M. , Jayarathne S. R. , Perera M. , Caldera Manjula C. 
Published: October 2022

Wasp bite can give rise to variety of clinical symptoms from local reactions to systemic effects such as anaphylaxis and vascular thrombosis. Neurological manifestations like strokes are rare in wasp bites. Pathophysiology of vascular involvement following wasp bite is yet not well known but presumed to be multifactorial. A 40-year-old previously healthy woman presented with multiple wasp bites on face. On admission she was stable without any haemodynamic instability or neurological deficit. Next day she developed a left temporoparietal infarction. Screening for other contributory factors were negative.
Awareness of biomedical waste management among health-care workers at a tertiary hospital of Kolkata, India: How much are they acquainted with the good practices?
Authors: Chatterjee Supantha , Das Sukesh 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Enormous volume of biomedical waste (BMW) is generated in health-care facilities with threat of multiple adverse consequences to human and environment. Proper BMW management is of utmost importance to get rid of those adverse effects.

Methods:
This institution-based cross-sectional study, conducted between 1 February 2020 and 31 March 2020, among 151 health care workers (HCWs) (80 junior doctors and 71 nursing staff) was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice about BMW management among health-care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital at Kolkata.

Results:
All the nursing staff and 92.5% of junior doctors could identify biohazard symbol. About three-fourth of junior doctors were aware of the categories of BMW, while only 47.8% of nursing staff knew this. Only half of the HCWs knew the four colour-coded bags. About 79.5% of the HCWs knew the use of hub cutters. About three-fourth of the HCWs used colour-coded bags correctly while 90% used white puncture-proof containers for sharps. Only one-third of the HCWs were trained on BMW management. There were no significant differences in knowledge and practice scores among the two groups.

Conclusions:
The HCWs lacked in appropriate knowledge and practices on BMW management. BMW management rules should be strictly implemented through periodic training and monitoring of HCWs.
Association of Peritoneal Cytology with Other Prognostic Factors in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Maricic Slobodan , Mandic Aljosa , Vasiljević Tijana , Gutic Bojana , Stevanovic Nemanja , Maksimovic Tamara 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
It is still debatable whether surgical staging of endometrial cancer (EC) should include sampling of peritoneal cytology (PC) and for what purpose this should be done. The aim of our study was to determine the significance of peritoneal cytology in EC and its association with other histological and clinical parameters.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study that comprises of results from 357 patients with EC that were operated in our center in the previous nine years. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group with a positive and the second group with a negative PC.

Results:
Malignant cells were found in the peritoneal cytology of 23 patients (6.4%), while 334 patients (93.6%) had negative PC. There was no significant difference in patients' age between the two groups (p = 0.20). Peritoneal cytology was more prevalent in the non-endometrioid than the endometrioid subtype of EC (p = 0.00). There was a significant statistical difference (p = 0.00) in malignant PC in stages where cancer is confined to the uterus (International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) stages I and II) compared with those where cancer has metastasized outside the uterus (stages III and IV). Most of the patients with malignant PC (69.6%) had high-grade disease (G3).

Conclusion:
Malignant peritoneal cytology is associated with other negative prognostic factors in endometrial cancer (histological grade, FIGO stage, and non-endometrioid histological subtypes). Based on these findings, we encourage sampling of peritoneal washing in all EC patients and consider it mandatory in patients with non-endometrioid subtype, high-grade histology, and in advanced FIGO stage.
Hoarseness in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility
Authors: Adeyeye Foluso Mercy , Iseh Kufre Robert , Abdullahi Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence, aetiology and predisposing factors in patients presenting with hoarseness to Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto.

Methods:
The study was a prospective, hospital-based study involving patients with hoarseness ≥7 years. Demographic characteristics and information on voice abuse, smoking, alcohol ingestion and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were taken. Participants had laryngeal endoscopy using a flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy to determine the cause of hoarseness.

Results:
A prevalence of 2.97% was obtained in the study, and the age range of participants was 7 to 78 years, with a male:female ratio of 1.3:1. The most common cause of hoarseness was laryngeal inflammation 38 (40.0%), followed by benign neoplasm 24 (25.3%), malignancy 20 (21.1%) and trauma 10 (10.5%). Voice abuse, GERD and smoking were significant predisposing factors for benign neoplasm (χ2 = 8.73; P = 0.0031), inflammation (χ2 = 19.79; P < 0.0001) and malignancy of the larynx (χ2 = 10.66; P = 0.0011), respectively.

Conclusion:
The study showed that acute and chronic laryngeal infection and neoplasms (benign and malignant) of the larynx were the most common causes of hoarseness. Voice abuse, smoking and GERD were the commonest predisposing factors.
Quality Evaluation of Sample Collection Facilities of Resource-Limited Medical Laboratories in Various States of India
Authors: Tiwari Manikchandra Ramkripal , Rauthan Arti , Chavan Preeti , Subramanian Papagudi Ganesan , Gujral Sumeet , Bhat Vivek 
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:
The majority of medical laboratory errors occur at the preexamination stage leading to poor patient outcomes. Very less information is available on the analysis of resource-limited medical laboratories (RLMLs) following the sample collection facility (SCF) checklist to improve their sample collection and handling practices and thus reduce occurring of such errors. The aim of this study is to find out the percentage SCFs complying with checklist criteria and to evaluate the importance of accreditation as a tool of quality improvement.

Materials and Methods:
SCFs of both accredited and nonaccredited RLMLs were compared for compliance with criteria given in the National Board for Accreditation of Testing and Calibration Laboratories 112 SCF checklist. Among 50 SCFs, seven were from accredited and 43 from nonaccredited RLMLs. Compliance was assessed for 43 criteria. The percentage SCFs complying with each criterion was evaluated; in addition, Chi-square testing with P value significant at P < 0.005 was calculated for each criterion.

Results:
All accredited SCFs showed compliance with most of the criteria. Out of 43 criteria evaluated for both accredited and nonaccredited SCFs, statistically significant difference in compliance was seen in 30 criteria with P < 0.005, whereas 13 criteria showed nonsignificant difference.

Conclusion:
Nonaccredited SCFs were found to be in poor compliance as compared to accredited SCFs. There is scope of improvement for deficiencies noted at multiple levels at such SCFs. Preexamination errors may be reduced by implementing criteria of the related SCF checklist.
Measures Taken By Indian Hospitals toward Healthcare Worker and Workplace Safety during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Joseph Lallu , Agarwal Vijay , Patel Pravin J. , Majumder Joydeep , Jayalakshmi J. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Healthcare workers at hospital settings were increasingly vulnerable to the COVID-19 virus and it was therefore essential to ensure that steps were taken to reduce the risk of both nosocomial transmissions to patients under their care as well as to each other. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of measures taken by various Indian hospitals, toward the safety of their healthcare workers during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
The data were collected as the part of a competition conducted among the interested healthcare organizations (HCOs) on measures taken by Indian hospitals toward healthcare worker and workplace safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information about the various health and safety measures undertaken was collected from 93 Indian hospitals, through a self-reported questionnaire, which were compiled and analyzed.

Results:
The HCOs demonstrated 100% compliance with providing adequate personal-protective equipment based on risk stratification and physical distancing precautions, with 94% of organizations redesigning their workflows, accordingly. They also showed 97% compliance to mandatory handwashing protocols and 99% compliance to thermal screening. However, only 52% provided psychological counseling for workers, 35% provided medical care for dependents, 31% undertook WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) certifications, and 40% obtained feedback from staff for areas of improvement. Out of the 110,679 staff involved in clinical care among the 93 HCO, 6189 staff (6%) tested positive for COVID-19, being higher (13%) among staff working in the COVID-19 wards compared to 4% among those working in the non-COVID-19 wards.

Conclusion:
Healthcare workers are at a higher risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can also transmit infections to the community. The HCOs surveyed incorporated innovative solutions to tackle the threat of COVID-19, which demonstrated success with relatively low incidence of infections among the staff evaluated. This study highlights strengths and exposes weaknesses, which should be considered for disaster mitigation plans as an effective step toward future pandemic preparedness.