bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The causal structure of the role of physicians and dentists in the healthy longevity of elderly residents.
Authors: Hoshi Tanji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe significance of living a healthy and long life in an aging society is increasing. The causal structure of the role of physicians and dentists in healthy longevity is not clear.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this research is to clarify the socioeconomic factors underlying three health factors and the relationship among these three health factors. In addition, a main purpose of this research is to clarify the causal structure between subjective health after 3 years and healthy longevity, which is a dependent variable that is defined as the survival days for the next 3 years, as an observation variable, based on the presence of a physician and/or dentist by gender.METHODFor the survey method, a self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 16,462 suburban elderly residents in Tama City, Tokyo, in September 2001. Responses were obtained from 13,066 residents (response rate of 79.4%). A similar survey was conducted in 2004. We analyzed a total of 7,905 subjects, including 3,754 males and 4,151 females aged 65 to 84, for whom we were able to clearly determine the need for long-term care after 3 years and their survival days for the next 3 years. Following these subjects for three years from 2004 to 2007, we confirmed the death dates of 278 men and 160 women.RESULTS According to this study, elderly people with desirable socioeconomic factors tended to have a family dentist. A causal structure was shown, indicating that three health factors are advisable based on socioeconomic status, and as a result, healthy longevity, including both a high level of subjective health and a reduced bedridden status, was maintained. This related structure could explain 64% of healthy longevity. In addition, a similar tendency was shown by gender. Future research will require the use of oral care and health indicators such as blood pressure and blood glucose levels. It is also expected that the external validity would be enhanced by analyzing the causal structure through intervention studies including a randomized control group.
Melatonin alleviat es oxidative stress -induced injury to nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Huang Zenan , wang Ze-Yu , Cheng Xiao-Fei , Huang Zhao-Zhang , HAN YANLING , cui yazhou , Liu Bo , Tian Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Intervertebral disc degenerative disease(IVDD)is one of the main causes of low back pain, causing serious economic burden to the society. The changes of microenvironment in the degenerative intervertebral disc cause oxidative stress injury and excessive apoptosis of intervertebral disc endogenous stem cells, which weakens their ability to repair intervertebral disc. 0.01-1µM melatonin has been shown to reduce excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) caused by oxidative stress injury. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible mechanism of the protective effect of melatonin on oxidative stress injury of NPMSC induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2).
Methods
The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and protective effects of melatonin. ROS content was detected by 2´7´-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by the Tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) assay. A TUNEL cell apoptosis detection kit and Annexin V/PI double staining was conducted to determine apoptosis rate. Additionally, apoptosis-associated proteins and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway related proteins were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and PCR. (ECM) were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. In vivo, X-ray, MRI and histological analysis were used to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin in vivo.
Results
melatonin had obvious protective effect on NPMSCs treated with 0–10 µM for 24 hours. In addition, melatonin also had obvious protective effects on mitochondrial dysfunction, decrease of membrane potential and cell senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide. More importantly, melatonin could significantly reduce the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, such as regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and decreasing the rate of apoptosis. After treatment with melatonin, the PI3K/Akt pathway was significantly activated in nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells, while the protective effect was significantly weakened after PI3K-IN-1 treatment. In vivo, the results of X-ray, MRI and histological analysis showed that therapy with melatonin could partially reduce the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration.
Conclusion
our research demonstrated that melatonin can effectively alleviate the excessive apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells induced by oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt pathway, which provides a novel idea for the therapy of intervertebral disc degeneration.
Serum Apelin-12 as a Novel Marker of Metabolic Inflammatory Syndrome in elderly Chinese
Authors: Wang Xinru , Wang Jiantao , Ren Jiaoqi , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Jinxiu , Wang Yin , Hu Yue , Zhang Yutu , He Chengfeng , Xue Wenjiao , Xiang Lvxuan , Tao Yinghong , Guo Jingchun , Zhou Houguang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Apelin-12 has been proposed as a novel adipocytokine with vital roles in metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between serum apelin-12 and metabolic inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in the elderly.Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 224 subjects aged over 60. According to their diagnoses of the four components of MIS (type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and obesity/overweight), they were divided into two groups: the control group (0 or 1 component n=63) and the MIS group (≥2 components, n=161). Serum levels of apelin-12, adiponectin and C-reactive protein were measured by ELISA.Results: Serum apelin-12 was significantly higher in the MIS group than in the control group (1.83 ng/mL (1.59-2.07) vs 1.66 ng/mL (1.45-1.92), P=0.001). Partial correlation analysis showed that apelin-12 levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin (ra=0.169), HOMA-IR (ra=0.183), ALT (ra=0.180), AST (ra=0.145) and CRP (ra=0.140, all Pa<0.05) and negatively associated with adiponectin (ra=-0.211) and HDL-C (ra=-0.156) after controlling age, sex and body mass index. Besides, after adjustment for age, sex, fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure and total triglyceride, apelin-12 was still determined as an independent predictor for MIS.Conclusion: Serum apelin-12 can be an independent risk factor predicting metabolic inflammatory syndrome and may serve as a useful potential marker for the diagnosis of MIS in elderly Chinese.
Raman Spectroscopic Features of Protective Rusts Found in World Heritage
Authors: Satoh Shinichi , Takaya Satoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study unknown features obtained from Raman spectra of protective rusts consisting of Fe3O4 discovered in the investigation of concrete buildings on Hashima Island in Nagasaki, Japan, a World Heritage site. The Raman shift shows not only the A1g peak of Fe3O4 but also a previously unknown peak at a higher wavenumber, i.e., at 700 to 800 cm− 1 or higher. Here, we investigate the characteristics of the unknown peak and indicate that the peak intensity becomes stronger than that of the original A1g as the incident light intensity is increased. This phenomenon has never been noted in Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, we consider the physical meaning of the phenomenon. As a result, we are able to explain this phenomenon by adding a hypothesis to Albrecht's vibronic theory. We also see that the results obtained in this study can be considered applicable not only to protective rust but also to other materials.
Initial stability loss of insecticide solution mixed with fungicides and adjuvants
Authors: Spadoni Ana Beatriz Dilena , Ferreira Marcelo C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The practice of mixing different classes of crop protection products in tank is common for farmers, with efficience losses by compatibility problems, but a lack of research to better understand them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial stability loss of spray liquid mixtures obtained by association of fungicides and adjuvants with insecticides. Laboratory experiments were carried with nine treatments composed of the insecticide thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (TL) mixed with the fungicides fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (FP) and chlorothalonil (CL) and the adjuvants lecithin, propionic acid (LA), and mineral oil (MO). Assessment of initial loss solution stability was performed to verify when the product mixture in the sprayer tank starts. For this purpose, were carried rheological behavior and zeta potential analyses, and the determination of viscosity. The treatments containing insecticide TL with adjuvants LA and MO and the fungicide FP have shown the loss of physical-chemical stability, possibly due to changes in the layers around the particles of the components of the ingredients contained in the various combined solution formulations.
Unmarried Sri Lankan Youth: Sexual Behaviour and Contraceptive Use
Authors: Kumarasinghe Malith , De Silva W Indralal , de Silva Ranjith , Suranga M Suchira 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Youth are at high risk for casual and unprotected sexual activities even before the marriage. The objective of the study is to describe the sexual behavior, contraceptive use among unmarried youth of Sri Lanka and to assess the factors associated with sexual behaviour.
Methods
Observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected districts in Sri Lanka from 1st of March 2019 to 31st of January 2020 among 1057 never-married youth using a self-administered questionnaire. Both stratified cluster sampling and snow-ball sampling was used to select the eligible never-married youth. Factors associated with the sexual intercourse was assessed using logistic regression.
Results
Compared to boys (26%), more girls (35%) were engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse. Among sexually active unmarried youth aged less than 20 years, 10% had sexual intercourse with an unknown person. Unmarried Tamil and estate sector youth displayed significantly lower chances of sexual intercourse compared to Sinhala and urban counterparts (OR = 0.390, CI = 0.213–0.715, p = 0.002 and OR = 0.807, CI = 0.709–0.978, p = 0.020 respectively). Youth in rural (69.5%) and urban sector (87.3%) tend to use contraceptives during the intercourse compared to the youth in the Estate sector (51.1%).
Conclusions
A significant portion of youth expose to sexual risk behavior including unprotected sexual intercourse even before the marriage which can contribute to many social and health consequences. Focus interventions are needed to address the issue.
Public risk perception of air pollution in the general population of Italy and Sweden: environmental and socio-demographic drivers
Authors: Pignocchino Gianmarco , Baldassarre Giuliano Di , Mondino Elena , Raffetti Elena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Air pollution is an important anthropic hazard for its effect on human health and the environment. Understanding how the population perceives the risk associated with air pollution is a crucial aspect to inform future policies and communication strategies. The aim of this study is to unravel the association between air pollution concentrations and public risk perception of air pollution, also exploring socio-demographic patterns in the general population of Italy and Sweden. To this end, we derived tri-yearly PM10 average concentrations, among the most widespread air pollutants, from ground monitoring stations and integrated with a population-based survey carried out in August 2021 in both countries. Relative perceived likelihood and impact on the individual were considered as domains of risk perception. Along with this, information on direct experience and socio-demographic factors were included as possible determinants of risk perception. Linear regression models were performed to examine the association of PM10 average concentrations at regional level (NUTS2) and individual level factors with risk perception domains. In both countries, respondents who live in the most densely populated regions report a higher perceived likelihood of air pollution. A 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration is associated with a 18% increase in perceived likelihood in Italy, and with a 6% in Italy and 9% in Sweden increase in perceived impact on the individual. Direct experience is the main driver of risk perception in both countries along with socio-demographic factors (e.g., gender, age, smoking and political orientation). Specifically, being male and smokers in Italy, older age and having left/centre-left political orientation in both countries are associated with a higher perceived likelihood and impact on the individual of air pollution. These findings inform health and environmental studies regarding the public risk perception of air pollution highlighting individual’s awareness and the socio-demographic patterns in the two European countries.
Comparison of the cardiopulmonary response between performing incremental shuttle walking test in a hallway and on a treadmill in Phase IV cardiac rehabilitation: a retrospective analysis.
Authors: Osailan Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is a widespread use of incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) to measure functional capacity in cardiac rehabilitation patients. Due to occasional physical space limitations, an incremental shuttle walking test on a treadmill (ISWT-T) was suggested as an alternative. Knowledge about the cardiopulmonary response between the two tests and the factors associated with the distance achieved in Phase IV cardiac rehabilitation is limited. Thus, the study aims to compare the cardiopulmonary response between ISWT and ISWT-T and investigate the factors associated with distance achieved in both tests. MethodsThirteen participants (66.3 ± 7.3 years, 84.6% males) attending phase IV cardiac rehabilitation participated in repeated measures counterbalanced trials. Each participant performed one ISWT and one ISWT-T separated by seven days. Main outcome measures included peak heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure post-test, distance achieved, respiratory frequency, tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), and secondary outcome measures included height, weight, waist circumference (WC) leg length (LL). ResultsThere were no significant differences in the cardiopulmonary responses between ISWT and ISWT-T except for VO2PEAK (25.4 ± 5.8 vs 23.7 ± 5.1, p=0.05, respectively). Age and height were significantly correlated with distance achieved during ISWT, and ISWT-T [age (r=-0.72, vs. r=-0.73, p≤0.05, respectively)], [height (r=0.68, vs. r=0.68, p≤ 0.05, respectively)]. LL was only correlated with distance achieved on ISWT-T (r=0.59, p≤ 0.05). ConclusionThese findings suggest a similar cardiopulmonary response between the two tests, but doing ISWT in the hallway evoked a higher metabolic demand than doing it on a treadmill. Additionally, distance achieved on both tests was related to height and inversely to age.
Efficacy and safety of the hyaluronic acid inhibitor Hymecromone for the treatment of COVID-19: study protocol for a single-centre, randomized, controlled, Double-blind Clinical trial
Authors: Yang Dawei , Jia Yichen , Feng Li , Ju Minjie , Chen Kuan , Dai Xiaomin , Sun Mengting , Yu Wenqiang , Wang Hao , Fang Hao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
IntroductionHyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in proteoglycans. Among patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, the serum HA content of severe patients was significantly higher than that of mild patients. Therefore, hyaluronic acid inhibitors have the potential to be the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. This study plans to carry out a study on the optimization of the hyaluronic acid inhibitor Hymecromone in the treatment of COVID-19 to improve the therapeutic effect.Methods and analysisThis is a single-center, randomized, parallel controlled, double-blind clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hymecromone tablets in subjects who confirmed to be infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and diagnosed as mild or moderate novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. The subjects in the experimental arm shall receive necessary routine treatment and hymecromone tablets while the control arm shall receive placebo. The study aims to compare the proportion of subjects in the experimental group and the control group who developed disease progression within 28 days after initial treatment. Meanwhile, all subjects will be monitored for safety constantly during the whole study phases.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University (identifiers: Clinical Ethical Approval No. B2022-251R).Trial registrationClinicalTrails.org, NCT05386420. Registered 24 May 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05386420Strengths and limitations of this studyThis is one of the first prospective randomized controlled double-blind studies of the efficacy and safety of the hyaluronic acid inhibitor Hymecromone for the treatment of COVID-19. This study will be an innovative clinical intervention strategy, and is expected to provide an effective new treatment plan for the clinical treatment of severe infection with COVID-19. The limitation is it is a single center study, it might need more centers cases to be further external validated.INTRODUCTION
Design and Psychometric Evaluation of the Breast Cancer Screening Behavior Scale Based on the Health Action Model (HAM)
Authors: mahboobighazaani fahimeh , karimi masoud , azadbakht mojtaba , ghahremani leila 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the first-rank malignancy in women. Screening plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and timely treatment. The present study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate a questionnaire based on the health action model to evaluate breast cancer screening behaviors and their relevant factors.
Methods
The present methodological study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods for the optimal design and development of research tools. To design the constructs of the health action model and the factors related to breast cancer screening behaviors, qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews and opinions of experts in this field as well as literature review and quantitative methods were used to investigate the psychometric properties of the research tool. The research population consisted of 210 females aged 30–69 years in Kashan who were selected through simple random sampling. The relative validity index and content validity index were calculated to judge the content of the tool and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate its construct validity. Additionally, intra-class correlation coefficient and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient were calculated to evaluate the reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software packages.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 43 ± 9.82 years. The final version of the questionnaire was prepared in four sections, namely demographic factors (15 items), knowledge (12 items), constructs of the health action model or the factors related to breast cancer screening behaviors (67 items), and behavior (6 items). Factor analysis confirmed the health action model fit in measuring breast cancer screening behaviors.
Conclusion
The tool designed for measuring breast cancer screening behaviors showed acceptable psychometric properties amongst females and could be used as a valid tool in conducting research in the field of health.
All-natural bioinspired nanolignocellulose-derived bulk engineering materials with excellent mechanical properties and environmental stability
Authors: Yang Yushan , Li Jun , Shan Liang , Qin Lei , Zheng Ping , Jia Huiwen , QIU JIAN 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The construction of sustainable biomimetic lightweight material with excellent mechanical properties is a kernel part of global organic − inorganic composite engineering material. However, the lack of efficient manipulation techniques for micro/nanostructural control and the intrinsic contradiction between certain engineering material performances (such as strength and toughness) make it challenge for materials to achieve these performance targets simultaneously. Herein, inspired by ordered multilayered microstructures of pearl layers, we propose a method to prepared lignocellulose into bioinspired laminated bulk artificial wooden engineering materials (AWEM) by scalable mechanical/chemical mineralization and directional deforming assembly approach. The resulting AWEM with a combination of large-size ultralightweight, high specific strength, high toughness, durable dimensional stability, and superior liquid resistance including acid/alkali solutions and boiling water. This design strategy not only allows mass production of lightweight engineering materials with high strength-to-weight ratios, but also opens a way for the design of more biomimetic materials based on nanolignocellulose.
Generation of high-density human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-liver organoid by enabling growth factors accumulation in a simple dialysis medium refinement culture platform
Authors: Torizal Fuad Gandhi , Utami Tia , You Lau Qiau , Inamura Kousuke , Nishikawa Masaki , Sakai Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The human pluripotent stem cells-derived liver organoid (HLOs) has recently become a promising alternative source for liver regenerative therapy. To realize this application, a large number of the hiPSCs derived-liver cells are required for partial liver replacement in transplantation. This method requires a stepwise induction by using costly growth factors to direct the hiPSCs into the hepatic lineage. Therefore, we developed a simple dialysis culture system to fully utilize the growth factors accumulation with continuous medium refinement. The results showed that the dialysis culture system was able to accumulate the four essential growth factors required in each differentiation stage, such as Activin A, BMP4, HGF, and OSM. As a result, this culture system allowed a very high-density bipotential hepatic differentiation in approximately 4.5×107 cells/mL of human liver organoids (HLOs), mainly consisting of hiPSCs derived-hepatocytes (HLCs) and cholangiocytes (CLCs). Moreover, the differentiated liver organoids showed a better or comparable hepatic marker and physiological activity with the organoids differentiated in suspension culture with conventional daily medium replacement in a lower cell density. This simple miniaturized dialysis culture system demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective hepatic differentiation in high density.