bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven Product Functional Configuration: Patent Data and Hypergraph
Authors: Lin Wenguang , Liu Xiaodong , Xiao Renbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe product functional configuration (PFC) is typically used by firms to satisfy the individual requirements of customers and is realized based on market analysis. This study aims to help firms analyze functions and realize functional configurations using patent data. This study first proposes a patent-data-driven PFC method based on a hypergraph network. It then constructs a weighted network model to optimize the combination of product function quantity and object from the perspective of big data, as follows: (1) The functional knowledge contained in the patent is extracted. (2) The functional hypergraph is constructed based on the co-occurrence relationship between patents and applicants. (3) The function and patent weight are calculated from the patent applicant’s perspective and patent value. (4) A weight calculation model of the PFC is developed. (5) The weighted frequent subgraph algorithm is used to obtain the optimal function combination list. This method is applied to an innovative design process of a bathroom shower. The results indicate that this method can help firms detach optimal function candidates and develop a multifunctional product.
Copula miss-specification in REML multivariate genetic animal model estimation
Authors: Rohmer Tom , Ricard Anne , David Ingrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn animal genetics, linear mixed models are used to deal with genetic and environmental effects. The variance and covariance terms of these models are usually estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML), which provides unbiased estimators. A strong hypothesis of REML estimation is the multi-normality of the response variables. However, in practice, even if the marginal distributions of each phenotype are normal, the multi-normality assumption may be violated by non-normality of the cross-sectional dependence structure, that is to say when the copula of the multivariate distribution is not Gaussian. This study uses simulations to evaluate the impact of copula miss-specification in a bivariate animal model on REML estimations of variance components.ResultBivariate phenotypes were simulated for populations undergoing selection, considering different copulas for the dependence structure between the error components. Two multi-trait situations were considered: two phenotypes were measured on the selection candidates, or only one phenotype was measured on the selection candidates. Three generations with random selection and five generations with truncation selection based on estimated breeding values were simulated. When selection was performed at random, no significant differences were observed between the REML estimations of variance components and the true parameters even for the non-Gaussian distributions. For the truncation selections, when two phenotypes were measured on candidates, biases were systematically observed in the variance components for high residual dependence in the case of non-Gaussian distributions, especially in the case of a heavy-tailed or asymmetric distribution when the two traits were measured. Conversely, when only one phenotype was measured on candidates, no difference was observed between the Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions in REML estimations.ConclusionsThis study confirms that REML can be used by geneticists to evaluate breeding values in the multivariate case even if the multivariate phenotypes deviate from normality in the situation of random selection or if one trait is not measured for the candidate under selection. Nevertheless, when the two traits are measured, the violation of the normality assumption may lead to non-negligible biases in the REML estimations of the variance-covariance components.
A sequential allocation study to determine the ED50 of Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lidocaine intravenous regional anesthesia
Authors: Karam Cynthia , Al Assadi Sadek , Kanazi Ghassan , Zeeni Carine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Intravenous regional anesthesia is an easy and reliable anesthetic technique, but its use is limited by tourniquet pain. Clonidine is effective in overcoming this shortcoming when used with intravenous regional anesthesia at a dose of 1 μg/kg. Dexmedetomidine has also been used successfully at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg.

Objective
Based on the potency ratios of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (8 to 1) we hypothesize that a lower dexmedetomidine dose would provide patients with 50 min of pain free tourniquet time.

Methods
After informed consent, patients received intravenous regional anesthesia with lidocaine and dexmedetomidine following a sequential allocation scheme. The first patient received a dose of 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine. The dose was then adjusted in 0.1 μg/kg gradients for the following patients depending on the success of the previous block. If a patient experienced tourniquet pain prior to 50 min, the next patient received a higher dose. If not, the dose was decreased. Recruitment continued until 6 independent crossovers were observed with a minimum of 20 patients. The median effective dose ED50 of dexmedetomidine was calculated using the modified up-and-down method.

Main outcome measures
The median effective dose of dexmedetomidine (ED50) that provides 50 min of tolerance to the tourniquet during a lidocaine intravenous regional anesthesia by a sequential Dixon up-and-down allocation study.

Results
The ED50 of dexmedetomidine that provided 50 min of tolerance to the tourniquet was 0.30 ± 0.06 μg/kg.

Conclusion
We determined that the dexmedetomidine dose necessary to provide 50 min of pain free tourniquet time during intravenous regional anesthesia was higher than expected based on the relative alpha-2 adrenergic receptor selectivity of dexmedetomidine compared to clonidine.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: Retrospectively registered (NCT05342870; registration date: 25/04/2022).
How do general practitioners handle complexities? A team ethnographic study in Japan
Authors: Haruta Junji , Goto Ryohei , Sachiko Ozone , Kimura Shuhei , Teruyama Junko , Hama Yusuke , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
General practitioners (GPs) are often faced with complex problems, including patients with socio-economic and medical problems. However, the methods they use to approach these complexities are still not understood. We speculated that elucidating these methods using complex adaptive systems (CAS) methodology to comprehensively assess GPs’ daily activities would contribute to improving the professional development of GPs. This study aimed to clarify how expert GPs handle complex problems and adapt to their community context through the ethnography of GPs and other healthcare professionals in terms of CAS.

Methods
We adopted the interdisciplinary team-ethnographic research approach. Five hospitals and four clinics in Japan which were considered to employ expert GPs were selected by purposive sampling. 62 individuals of various backgrounds working in these nine facilities were interviewed. Using field notes and interview data, the researchers iteratively discussed the adequacy of our interpretations. The first author (JH) prepared a draft report, which was reviewed by the GPs at the participating facilities. Through critical and iterative consideration of the different insights obtained, the final findings emerged together with representative data.

Results
We identified four approaches used by GPs to deal with complexities. First, GPs treat patients with complex problems as a whole being and address their problems multi-directionally. Second, GPs build horizontal, trusting relationships with other healthcare professionals and stakeholders, and thereby reduce the degree of complexity of problems. Third, GPs change the learning climate while committing to their own growth based on societal needs and by acting as role models for other professionals through daily interpersonal facilitation. Fourth, GPs share community vision with multi-professionals and thereby act as a driving force for organizational change. These various interactions among GPs, healthcare professionals, organizations and communities resulted in systematization of the healthcare and welfare network in their community.

Conclusions
Expert GPs developed interconnected multidimensional systems in their community health and welfare networks to adapt to fluctuating social realities using four approaches. GPs’ work environment may be considered as a complex adaptive system (CAS) and the approach of GPs to complexities is CAS-based. Our findings are expected to have practical applications for GPs.
Stakeholder engagement in developing a father-inclusive early life obesity prevention intervention: First Heroes
Authors: Silver Santana R. , Whooten Rachel C. , Kwete Gracia M. , Farrar-Muir Haley , Cournoyer Rachel N. , Barth Elizabeth A. , Kotelchuck Milton , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Although paternal involvement in the perinatal period is associated with benefits for maternal-child health and reduced obesity risk, fathers are seldom included in perinatal or obesity prevention efforts. Engaging community leaders and fathers as stakeholders in intervention development is a critical step in designing a father-inclusive intervention that is efficacious and responsive to their needs.

Methods
We conducted a structured engagement study, including community stakeholder engagement and qualitative interviews with new fathers, to inform the development of a prospective randomized controlled trial that includes mothers and fathers as equal partners in infant obesity prevention. We interpreted stakeholder feedback through the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework.

Results
Between September 2019 and April 2020, we held a Community Engagement meeting, formed a Community Advisory Board, and conducted 16 qualitative interviews with new fathers. Stakeholder engagement revealed insights across CFIR domains including intervention characteristics (relative advantage, complexity, design quality & packaging), outer setting factors (cosmopolitanism and culture), individual characteristics (including self-efficacy, state of change, identification with the organization) and process (engagement and adaptation). Stakeholders discussed the diverse challenges and rewards of fatherhood, as well as the intrinsic paternal motivation to be a loving, supportive father and partner. Both community leaders and fathers emphasized the importance of tailoring program delivery and content to meet specific parental needs, including a focus on the social-emotional needs of new parents.

Conclusions
A structured process of multidimensional stakeholder engagement was successful in improving the design of a father-inclusive perinatal obesity prevention interventions. Father engagement was instrumental in both reinforcing community ties and increasing our understanding of fathers’ needs, resulting in improvements to program values, delivery strategies, personnel, and content. This study provides a practical approach for investigators looking to involve key stakeholders in the pre-implementation phase of intervention development.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04477577. Registered 20 July 2020.
Effects of childhood obesity and related genetic factors on precocious puberty: protocol for a multi-center prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Tingting , Yu Ying , Li Xiaoqing , Xue Peng , Yu Xiaodan , Chen Yao , Kong Huijun , Lin Cuilan , Wang Xiumin , Mei Hao , Wang Dan , Liu Shijian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood obesity has important effects on the onset and development of puberty. Although a number of studies have confirmed the relationship between obesity and precocious puberty, little is known about the pleiotropic genes of obesity and precocious puberty and the interaction between genes and environment. There are four objectives: (1) to analyze the incidence of precocious puberty in the general population in China; (2) to verify the direct effect of obesity on children’s precocious puberty using a variety of methods; (3) to verify the effect of obesity and its risk gene polymorphism on precocious puberty in a prospective cohort study; and (4) to analyze the interaction effect of genes and environment on pubertal development.

Methods
We will conduct a multi-center prospective cohort study in three cities, which are selected in southern, central, and northern China, respectively. Primary schools in these cities will be selected by a stratified cluster random sampling method. Primary school students from grade 1 to grade 3 (6 to 10 years old) will be selected for the cohort with extensive baseline data collection, including assessment of pubertal development, family demographic information, early development, sleep pattern, dietary pattern, and physical activity. Participants will be followed up for at least three years, and long-term follow-up will depend on future funding.

Discussion
The findings of this multicenter prospective population-based cohort study may expand previous related puberty development research as well as provide important information on the mechanism of early puberty. Targeted interventions can also be developed to improve adolescent health problems related to puberty development based on the available evidence.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04113070, prospectively registered on October 2, 2019.
Oral versus intravenous sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates: a randomized trial
Authors: Chetan Chinmay , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Patnaik Suprabha , Soni Naharmal B. , Rath Chandra , Pareek Prince , Gupta Bhvya , Garegrat Reema , Verma Arjun , Singh Yogen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSildenafil is the drug of choice for neonatal pulmonary hypertension in developing countries where inhaled nitric oxide is not available. Available as oral and intravenous preparation – no study has been done in the past to compare the two forms. Each has its own benefits – but requires comparison in terms of efficacy and safety. This study was done to compare the efficacy of oral versus intravenous (IV) sildenafil in infants with mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension.MethodsAn open labelled randomized trial was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit of urban tertiary hospital in western India between February 2019 to December 2020. Infants born after 34 weeks of gestation with Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) > 25 mm Hg measured by echocardiography, within 72 h of birth, were enrolled for the study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive sildenafil either orally or by intravenous route. Primary outcome was the time taken for PAP to decrease below 25 mm Hg. Secondary outcomes were time taken for oxygenation index to decrease by 25%, duration of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, nasal oxygen, hospital stay, time to achieve full feeds, mortality, and side effects.ResultsForty patients were enrolled. The baseline characteristics of neonates in both groups were similar except for APGAR scores at 1 min and 5 min, with oral group having lower score [MEDIAN (IQR) 5.00 (4.00- 7.00) and 7.00 (6.00- 8.00)] compared to IV group [MEDIAN (IQR) 7.00 (6.00–8.00) and 9.00 (8.00–9.00)] respectively. Time taken for PAP to decrease below 25 mm was not statistically different between the oral and intravenous groups. Systemic hypotension occurred in 4 neonates of the intravenous group but none in the oral group.ConclusionOral and intravenous sildenafil had equal efficacy at reducing PAP in neonatal pulmonary hypertension, albeit intravenous sildenafil use was associated with a greater complication rate.Trial registrationTrial was registered in the clinical trials registry of India [CTRI/2019/04/018781][25/04/2019].
Parent-perceived neighbourhood environment, parenting practices and preschool-aged children physical activity and screen time: a cross-sectional study of two culturally and geographically diverse cities
Authors: Cerin Ester , Barnett Anthony , Baranowski Tom , Lee Rebecca E. , Mellecker Robin R. , Suen Yi Nam , Mendoza Jason A. , Thompson Deborah I. , O’Connor Teresia M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Preschool-aged children’s physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are important health-related behaviours likely influenced by PA opportunities, parental perceptions of neighbourhood safety and parenting practices pertaining to PA and ST. How these factors interact to impact on young children’s PA and ST, and whether their effects are generalisable across cultures and geographical location is not known. This study addressed these knowledge gaps by conducting pooled analyses of comparable data from two culturally and geographically diverse samples – Chinese parent-child dyads from an ultra-dense city (Hong Kong, China) and Latino parent-child dyads from a low-density city (Houston, USA).

Methods
The analytical sample consisted of 164 Hong Kong Chinese and 84 US Latino parent-child dyads with data on socio-demographic characteristics, parent-perceived neighbourhood destinations and facilities for children’s PA, physical and social safety-related neighbourhood attributes, PA-related parenting practices and child’s ST and accelerometer-assessed PA. Generalised linear models with robust standard errors accounting for neighbourhood-level clustering were used to estimate associations and interaction effects.

Results
Hong Kong Chinese children accumulated less PA than US Latino children, although the latter had more ST. Hong Kong Chinese parents reported more parenting practices promoting inactivity. Neighbourhood PA opportunities were positively related to children’s PA only if parental perceptions of neighbourhood safety were favourable, and the associations of physical neighbourhood environment characteristics with children’s PA and ST depended on PA-related parenting practices. Community cohesion was positively related to children’s PA and negatively related to ST, while parental promotion of ST was positively associated with children’s ST. Correlates of children’s PA and ST did not differ by city.

Conclusions
The substantial differences in activity patterns between Hong Kong Chinese and US Latino preschool-aged children observed in this study are likely due to a combination of cultural and built environmental factors. However, the fact that no between-city differences in correlates of PA and ST were detected indicates that both populations of children are equally affected by parent-perceived neighbourhood environmental characteristics and parenting practices. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering how various individual-, home- and neighbourhood physical and social factors interact to influence young children’s health-promoting activity levels.
Concordance between patient-centered and adaptive behavior outcome measures after applied behavior analysis for autism
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Lotfizadah Amin D. , Bhakta Bhumi , Pompa-Craven Paula , Coleman Karen J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is an evidence-based approach to autism spectrum disorder that has been shown in clinical trials to improve child functional status. There is substantial focus in ABA on setting and tracking individualized goals that are patient-centered, but limited research on how to measure progress on such patient-centered outcomes.

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to assess concordance between patient-centered and standard outcome measures of treatment progress in a real-world clinical sample of children receiving ABA for autism spectrum disorder.

Methods
This observational study used a clinical sample of children ages 3 to 16 years (N = 154) who received 24 months of ABA from an integrated health system. Concordance between three outcome measures after ABA was assessed using a correlation matrix: (1) patient-centered measures of progress on individualized treatment goals, (2) caregiver-centered measure of progress on treatment participation goals, and (3) the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales adaptive behavior composite.

Results
There was limited concordance among measures at both 12 and 24 months of ABA. None of the patient-centered measures showed significant positive correlation with adaptive behavior composite difference scores at either 12 or 24 months, nor did the caregiver measure. The percentage of children achieving clinically meaningful gain on patient-centered goal measures increased between 12 and 24 months of ABA, while the percentage of children achieving clinically meaningful gains in adaptive behavior declined during the same time period.

Conclusions
In a health system implementation of ABA, there was limited concordance between patient-centered and standard measures of clinically meaningful treatment progress for children with ASD. Clinicians should have ongoing dialogue with patients and parents/caregivers to ensure that interventions for ASD are resulting in progress towards outcomes that are meaningful to patients and families.
Motivators of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco among Nigerian youth who smoke waterpipe tobacco: the moderating role of social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco
Authors: Adu Agatha Oluwafunmilayo , Ismail Nurzali , Noor Shuhaida Md. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundImpulsivity is a formidable cause of waterpipe tobacco smoking among youth, however, it is understudied among African youth. Using PRIME behavioural theory, this study aimed to develop a model that examines the motivators of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco in linkage to the moderating role of social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco, specifically among youth in Nigeria who smoke waterpipe tobacco.MethodsData were drawn from 695 respondents who smoke waterpipe tobacco across six Nigerian universities in the South-West zone using the chain-referral sampling procedure. Descriptive analyses of the obtained data were carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The constructs in the developed model were validated through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS version 3.ResultsAmong Nigerian youth who smoke waterpipe tobacco, intention (β = 0.442,P < 0.001) was the strongest motivator of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco as compared to positive evaluations (β = 0.302,P < 0.001). In addition, social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco acted as a moderator that strengthened the relationship between intention and impulsivity (β = 0.287,P < 0.01), as well as, between positive evaluations and impulsivity (β = 0.186,P < 0.01) among youth.ConclusionIntention greatly instigates Nigerian youth’s impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco, and social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco also considerably increases their impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco. Youth-focused educational waterpipe tobacco cessation-oriented programmes that utilise diverse constructive-based learning approaches like illustrative learning and counselling, can help to enlighten and encourage Nigerian youth on the importance of shunning the desirability to smoke waterpipe tobacco.