bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability of fossil fuel CO2 from air quality emissions
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Bowman Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases and short-lived air quality (AQ) pollutants drive climate change and impact human health. Quantifying the coevolution of these pollutants can provide insight into underlying anthropogenic processes enabling predictions of their emission trajectories. To that end, we classify the dynamics of historic emissions in terms of a modified Environmental Kuznets Curve (MEKC), which postulates the coevolution of fossil fuel (FFCO2) and NOx emissions as a function of macroeconomic development, and assess the predictability of FFCO2 given AQ emissions based upon a novel Kalman filter. For about the last two decades the MEKC broadly captures the distinct FFCO2/AQ dynamical regimes for countries including the US, China, and India. While the US trajectory plateaued, some developing countries have transitioned rapidly between these regimes by leveraging technological advances. We also show that a number of IPCC scenarios are well-represented by MEKC but differ from historic estimates in their timing and magnitude. Given these dynamics, we find the predictive skill of FFCO2 given NOx emissions constrained by satellite data is less than 2% error at one-year lags for many countries and less than 10% for 4-year lags. The results point to the important interplay between AQ and GHG emission processes at time scales relevant to international assessments, e.g., Global Stocktake. The proposed framework in conjunction with an increasing AQ and carbon satellite constellation could provide valuable guidance to near-term emission scenario development and evaluation.
Design of peptide inhibitors targeting β-catenin using generative deep learning and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chen Sijie , Lin Tong , Basu Ruchira , Wang Shen , Luo Yichuan , Kara Levent , Pei Dehua , Cheng Xiaolin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Computational design of therapeutic peptides that enables fast exploration of a combinatorial number of amino acid possibilities has emerged as a popular strategy in antibiotics discovery but identifying peptide inhibitors targeting specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) still faces significant challenges. Here, we present a new approach for de novo design of target-specific peptides, which combines a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) based variational autoencoder (VAE) with Rosetta
FlexPepDock for peptide sequence generation and potency assessment, followed by the refinement with all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We have utilized the computational protocol to design eight peptide inhibitors specifically disrupting the interaction of β-catenin with TCF/LEF family transcription factors. Four of these peptide inhibitor candidates were synthesized and experimentally tested, of which two displayed enhanced binding affinities for β-catenin compared to the best-known peptide made of all natural amino acids. We also constructed a random peptide library of 710,000 unique peptides, and none of these peptides showed a higher binding affinity than our computationally designed peptides. Our study exemplifies the success of combining deep learning and structure-based modeling and simulation for target-specific peptide design. Besides the development of therapeutic
peptides targeting β-catenin/TCF, our approach should be transferable to other PPIs, such as p53/MDM2, Bcl-2/Bax, and CD40/CD40L.
Amazon carbon emissions double mainly by dismantled in law enforcement
Authors: Gatti Luciana , Cunha Camilla , Marani Luciano , Cassol Henrique , Messias Cassiano , Arai Egidio , Basso Luana , Soler Luciana , Almeida Claudio , Setzer Alberto , Domingues Lucas , Denning Scott , Miller John , Gloor Manuel , Correia Caio , Tejada Graciela , Neves Raiane , Rajão Raoni , Nunes Felipe , Soares-Filho Britaldo , Schmitt Jair , Nobre Carlos , Correa Sergio , Sanchez Alber , Aragão Luiz , Anderson Liana , von Randow Celso , Crispim Stephane , Silva Francine , Machado Guilherme 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Amazon Forest is a major locus for carbon and water cycling in the climate system whose function has been degraded in recent decades by land use and climate change. Most studies of Amazonia’s carbon balance have been limited by sparse sampling. We measured 742 atmospheric vertical profiles of CO2 and CO over four regions of Amazonia from 2010 through 2020. We estimate that Amazon carbon emissions increased from 0.24±0.19 PgC y-1 in 2010-18 to 0.44±0.22 in 2019 and 0.52±0.22 PgC y-1 in 2020. During these years, increases were also observed in deforestation (79% and 74%) and forest burned area (14% and 42%). Field notifications for illegal deforestation and related crimes dropped by 42%, while fines paid for judgments held fell by 89%. Carbon losses during 2019 and 2020 were comparable to losses in the record warm El Nino event of 2015-16, but this time with usual to moderate Oceanic Ninõ Index. 2020 showed 12% decrease in precipitation indicating also a climate impact in carbon emissions. The changes during 2019 and 2020 were mainly due to the western Amazonia becoming also a carbon source. We hypothesize that the consequences of the collapse in enforcement led to increase in deforestation, biomass burning and degradation producing net carbon losses and enhancing drying and warming of forest regions.
Experimental Study on Water Saturation Effect on Coal Sample Permeability Under Different Effective Stresses
Authors: Lei Junhuan , Meng Zhaoping , Shen Zhen , Chen Haoyue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the drainage and production of coalbed methane (CBM) wells, the Constant changes in stress and water saturation of reservoir restricts the dynamic change of the reservoir permeability. By carrying out stress sensitivity experiments with different water saturations in coal, the correlation between permeability and the coupling of effective stress and water saturation was analyzed. The water saturation sensitivity and stress sensitivity of reservoir were evaluated by the stress sensitivity index (S), permeability damage rate (PDR), and stress sensitivity coefficient (αk), and the change law of coal permeability under different stresses with different water saturations was revealed. The results showed that the coal reservoir permeability decreased with increasing stress following a negative exponential function and decreased nearly linearly with increasing water saturation. In addition, the coal water saturation sensitivity was positively correlated with effective stress, and the coal stress sensitivity was positively correlated with water saturation. Finally, a mathematical model for predicting coal permeability that considered the impacts of water saturation and effective stress was established, revealing the controlled mechanism affecting the permeability change.
Cognitive competence and curriculum content in nurse anesthesia training: a small-scale comparative study
Authors: Swerdlow Barry , Osborne-Smith Lisa , Arditti Douglas , Hatfield Lisa J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Advanced practice nursing in the United States is shifting toward doctoral certification, most commonly a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree. However, there is limited evidence that this transition improves clinical competence. The aim of this study was to determine whether modifications in a nurse anesthesia curriculum that transitioned from a Master of Nursing to a Doctor of Nursing Practice program were associated with improved cognitive performance using an oral examination.
Methods: This study was a small-scale investigation that used a quantitative method to compare two consecutive cohorts of students from a single, university-based nurse anesthesia program.
Results: After completing an expanded curriculum, Doctor of Nursing Practicenurse anesthesia students performed significantly better than Master of Nursing students on oral examination, with improvement in cognitive domains previously identified as areas of underperformance.
Conclusion:Targeted curricular additions in a Doctor of Nursing Practice program correlated with improvements in nurse anesthesia student cognitive competence as measured by an oral examination.
Numerical simulation for the effect of scanning speed and in-situ laser shock peening on molten pool and solidification characteristics
Authors: Li Xianlong , Wei Xu , Zhang laiqi , Lv Qinggong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The unique thermal cycle of selective laser melting (SLM) significantly affects the undesirable formability and mechanical properties of the deposited parts, especially for materials with complex compositions. Laser shock peening (LSP) is a strengthening technology that can refine grain, convert tensile stress to compressive stress, and improve fatigue strength. In-situ LSP combining LSP and SLM without absorption layer and pressure confining layer can strengthen the additive manufacturing microstructure layer by layer. Some literature has verified the feasibility of no absorption layer and pressure confining layer LSP. However, the effects of the in-situ combination on the molten pool have not been reported. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) has systematically investigated the impact of scanning speed and in-situ LSP on fluid flow behavior, heat transfer, and the solidification process of the molten pool. The flow velocity and the size of the molten pool decrease as the scanning speed increases. The solidification rate at low scanning speed shows an increasing-decreasing-increasing process during the solidification process, and the solidification rate is consistently stable at high scanning speed. The temperature gradient increases gradually and decreases sharply with the scanning speed increase. The in-situ LSP reduces the temperature and the fluid flow of the molten pool, which decreases the heat convection and the value of Peclct number, but has little effect on the solidification process of the molten pool.
Global bifurcation in a general predator-prey system with predator functional response and prey-taxis
Authors: Kong Lei , Lv Fengjiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the pattern formations in a general predator−prey model with
ratio-dependent predator influence and prey-taxis is investigated. We research the
local stability of the positive equilibrium and gives a priori estimates for any posi-
tive solutions. By an abstract bifurcation theorem, we get a branch of nonconstant
solutions that bifurcate from the positive equilibrium. Furthermore, the local sta-
bility of the bifurcating solutions is discussed by the method of perturbation of
simple eigenvalues and spectrum theory. These results indicate that repulsive prey-
taxis can destabilize the positive equilibrium and induced the emergence of spatial
patterns.
Analysis of endophytic bacterial community structure and diversity of characteristic rice germplasm resources in Yunnan province, China
Authors: Feng Xilong , Wang Zhishan , Li Xiaolin , Wang Wei , Gu Anyu , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies on the structure and diversity of endophytic bacteria from characteristic rice seeds are of great significance to complement and develop the research on endophytic bacteria from rice seeds. In this study, high-throughput techniques were used to investigate the microbial community composition and diversity of nine characteristic rice species in Yunnan Province, China, to reveal their dominant bacterial community and explore the relationship between rice varieties and endophytic bacterial communities. A total of 2799 OTUs were detected in the seeds of the nine characteristic rice varieties, of which 829 endophytic OTUs coexisted in nine samples. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria (25.0%-88.6%) was the dominant phyla. At the genus level, the dominant genera were Pantoea (0.4%-28.6%) and Methylorubrum (2.5%-17.5%). The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial community structure and composition among different rice varieties, especially at the genus level, indicating that different rice varieties had certain effects on the structure of endophytic microbiota in seeds.
Cottonseed oil alleviates ischemic stroke injury by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Sun Miao , Liu Min , Li Qingxiao , Zhang Xiaoying , Liu Siyuan , Yang Huikai , Yang Le , Tian Jiahe , Mi Weidong , Ma Yulong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently been recognized as a new cause of ischemia reperfusion injury due to Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption followed by secondary iron-loaded transferrin (TF) influx. Ferroptosis was only recently identified as a novel and independent cell death pathway, characterized by iron dependent lipid peroxidation, decline of GSH, GPX4 and shrinking mitochondria. Cottonseed oil (CSO), a liposoluble solvent, can alleviate ischemia stroke injuries and oxidative stress. However, the effect of CSO on ischemic stroke induced ferroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of CSO on ferroptosis caused by cerebral ischemic injury in rats. The results showed subcutaneous injection of 1.3 mL/kg CSO every other day for three weeks could significantly ameliorate middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-R) induced neurological dysfunction in a male rat model. Furthermore, it reduced infarct volume and neuronal injuries, protected BBB integrity and reduced influx of iron ion and TF; up-regulated anti-ferroptosis proteins (GPX4, xCT, HO1, FTH1), while down-regulated ferroptosis related protein ACSL4, increased the activity of GSH, SOD, and decreased MDA and LPO levels. Mitochondrial destruction induced by ischemic stroke was also alleviated by CSO treatment. In conclusion, we report that CSO treatment can alleviate ischemic stroke injury via ferroptosis inhibition, which provides a new potential therapeutic mechanism for CSO neuroprotection against ischemic stroke.
Anthropogenic aerosols mask increases in US rainfall by greenhouse gases
Authors: Risser Mark , Collins William , Wehner Michael , O'Brien Travis , Huang Huanping , Ullrich Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Daily rainfall accumulations are a critical component of the global water cycle, and comprehensive understanding of human-induced changes to rainfall is essential for water resource management and infrastructure design. Detection and attribution methods reveal cause and effect relationships between anthropogenic forcings and changes in daily precipitation by comparing observed changes with those from climate models. However, at regional scales, existing studies are unable to conclusively identify human influence on precipitation. Here we show that anthropogenic aerosol and greenhouse gas emissions are the dominant drivers of precipitation change over the United States and, by simultaneously accounting for both agents, we resolve outstanding uncertainties regarding the human influence on regional precipitation. Greenhouse gas emissions increase mean and extreme precipitation from rain gauge measurements across all seasons. Aerosol emissions offset these increases in the winter and spring but appear to enhance rainfall during the summer and fall. Our results show that conflicting literature on trends in precipitation over the historical record can be explained by equal and opposite aerosol and greenhouse gas signals. At the scale of the United States, individual climate models reproduce observed changes due to anthropogenic forcing but cannot confidently determine whether these emissions sources increase or decrease rainfall.
Weight Loss Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant is Associated with Increased Transplant Related Mortality
Authors: Madsen Kayla , Lee Katherine , Chen Shiyi , Chen Carol , Law Arjun , Gerbitz Armin , Kumar Rajat , Kim Dennis , Lam Wilson , Pasic Ivan , Viswabandya Auro , Michelis Fotios , Nampoothiri Ram Vasudevan , Lipton Jeffrey , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Mattsson Jonas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (allo-HSCT) patients are at risk of malnutrition and weight loss from impaired oral intake resulting from gastrointestinal toxicities, dysgeusia, and psychological effects.
Methods: A retrospective review of 264 adult patients transplanted at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre who achieved relapse-free survival up to 3 months after allo-HSCT was performed.
Results: Overall incidence of patients who experienced WL (WL) ≥10% from HSCT to 3 months post-transplant was 45.9% and from HSCT to 6 months was 56.6%. Patients with ≥10% WL from allo-HSCT at 3-months and 6 months had similar 2-year overall survival (OS) compared to those with <10% WL, 55.7% vs. 62.8% (HR=1.38, p=0.11) and 71.1% vs. 77.2% (HR=1.37, P=0.27), respectively. Patients with ≥10% WL 3- and 6-months from allo‑HSCT also had similar 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) compared to those with <10% WL, 48.1% vs. 55.8% (HR=1.26, p=0.22), and 62.7% vs 69.8% (HR=1.29, p=0.31), respectively.
The 2-year transplant-related mortality (TRM) was higher for those with ≥10% WL from allo-HSCT to 3-months, 35.4% vs. 16.9% (HR=2.39, p=0.0007) and 6 months, 22% vs. 8% (HR=3.1, p=0.0034). Although statistical significance was not observed for OS or RFS, patients who experienced ≥10% WL 3- and 6-months post allo-HSCT experienced higher 2-year TRM. These results highlight the importance of early intervention and close monitoring of weight post allo-HSCT.
Conclusion: Approaches to WL post allo-HSCT should be multifaceted and include members of the interdisciplinary team in order to decrease TRM.
Characterization of the planarian surface electroencephalogram
Authors: Freiberg Jannes , Lang Lukas , Kaernbach Christian , Keil Julian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite large morphological differences between the nervous systems of lower animals and humans, striking functional similarities have been reported. However, little is known about how these functional similarities translate to cognitive similarities. As a first step towards studying the cognitive abilities of simple nervous systems, we here characterize the ongoing electrophysiological activity of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. One previous report using invasive microelectrodes describes that the ongoing neural activity is characterized by a 1/fx power spectrum with the exponent ‘x’ of the power spectrum close to 1. To extend these findings, we aimed to establish a recording protocol to measure ongoing neural activity safely and securely from alive and healthy planarians under different lighting conditions using non-invasive surface electrodes.
Results: As a replication and extension of the previous results, we show that the ongoing neural activity is characterized by a 1/fx power spectrum, that the exponent ‘x’ in living planarians is close to 1, and that changes in lighting induce changes in neural activity likely due to the planarian photophobia.
Conclusions: We confirm the existence of continuous EEG activity in planarians and show that it is possible to noninvasively record this activity with surface wire electrodes. This opens up broad possibilities for continuous recordings across longer intervals, and repeated recordings from the same animals to study cognitive processes.
The necessity revealed by Covid-19: Paradigm shift of Iran's health system
Authors: Mohammadpour Mohammadtaghi , Delavari Sajad , Kavosi Zahra , peyravi Mahmoudreza , Bastani Peivand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Covid-19 pandemic has brought drastic changes around the world, revealing the vulnerable aspects of health care systems. The purpose of this study is to explore the paradigm shift of Iranian health system and determine the aspects that need improvement, considering the experience of the recent pandemic.
Method: This research is a qualitative and thematic analysis study that was conducted using the content analysis method. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and the data was saturated. To increase the accuracy and precision of the study, Guba and Lincoln's four criteria were used. And for data analysis, MAX QDA10 software and Goldsmith's five-step framework analysis were used.
Result: The findings identified 8 main themes and 33 subthemes. The main themes included strengthening the electronic health infrastructure, research for evidence-based decision making, dedicated pandemic financing, prevention of disruption in the effective provision of services and drug therapy, enriching the authority of the Ministry of Health by focusing on interactions, recruiting, managing and empowering health human resources and paying attention to financial and non-financial incentives, reforming educational approaches in training students in medical universities, learning lessons from neglects.
Conclusion: To be ready to respond to a possible future pandemic, bold steps must be taken to make fundamental changes in various aspects of the health system.
The Use of the PUlse oximeter in Limb Salvage. The Pulse study
Authors: Skillman Joanna , Dutta Pratap , Kimani Peter , Leaver Ian , Venus Matthew , Wallace David , Hardwicke Joseph , Imray Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Does a non-invasive pulse oximeter probe accurately indicate limb ischaemia with inflation of a tourniquet? How are the pulse waveform, perfusion index and oxygen saturations affected? Does pulse oximetry return to normal with restoration of blood flow? Are the findings similar, regardless of which probe is used?

Methods

Single centre, pilot, proof of concept study. Each volunteer staff member had two probes applied to both lower limbs and then to both upper limbs. One limb had a tourniquet applied (experimental limb). The pulse oximeter trace, perfusion index and oxygen saturations were recorded before tourniquet inflation (timepoint 0), at inflation (timepoint 1), just prior to deflation (timepoint 2) and after deflation when the waveform returned to a biphasic appearance (timepoint 3).

Results

Changes in both pulse oximeter waveforms occurred within 45 seconds of tourniquet inflation, with flattening of the biphasic trace followed by complete loss of amplitude which normalised on release of the tourniquet. Perfusion index values for the experimental arms and legs were statistically significantly smaller than the control sides during tourniquet inflation and exceeded baseline on deflation, due to reperfusion. Oxygen saturations were unreliable and did not reflect tourniquet inflation.

Conclusion

Pulse Oximeter waveform and perfusion index provide a noninvasive, sensitive, responsive, available, repeatable, objective measure of vascular supply in the limbs in healthy volunteers, although oxygen saturation is not a reliable indicator of perfusion. Objective assessment using the pulse oximeter could aid clinical judgement in initiating early vascular intervention in limb injury.