bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid purinomics as a biomarker approach to predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Strogulski Nathan R. , Stefani Marco Antonio , Böhmer Ana Elisa , Hansel Gisele , Rodolphi Marcelo S. , Kopczynski Afonso , de Oliveira Vitória G. , Stefani Eduarda T. , Portela Juliana V. , Schmidt André P. , Oses Jean Pierre , Smith Douglas H. , Portela Luis V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of mortality and long‐term disability linked to neurochemical abnormalities. Although purine derivatives play important roles in TBI pathogenesis in preclinical models, little is known about potential changes in purine levels and their implications in human TBI. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of purines in severe TBI patients as potential biomarkers that predict mortality and long‐term dysfunction. This was a cross‐sectional study performed in 17 severe TBI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale <8) and 51 controls. Two to 4 h after admission to ICU, patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and CSF collection for quantification of adenine and guanine purine derivatives by HPLC. TBI patients’ survival was followed up to 3 days from admission. A neurofunctional assessment was performed through the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 2 years after ICU admission. Purine levels were compared between control and TBI patients, and between surviving and non‐surviving patients. Relative to controls, TBI patients presented increased CSF levels of GDP, guanosine, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Further, GTP, GDP, IMP, and xanthine levels were different between surviving and non‐surviving patients. Among the purines, guanosine was associated with improved mRS (p = 0.042; r = −0.506). Remarkably, GTP displayed predictive value (AUC = 0.841, p = 0.024) for discriminating survival versus non‐survival patients up to 3 days from admission. These results support TBI‐specific purine signatures, suggesting GTP as a promising biomarker of mortality and guanosine as an indicator of long‐term functional disability.
image
Contact dermatitis associated with a cosmetic cream
Authors: Jiang Yang , Wang Sha , Lyu Jing , Li Jiajia , Diao Qingchun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCosmetic contact dermatitis (CCD) is a very common cosmetic adverse reaction, but there are few reports of adverse reactions to breast enhancement cream.MethodsWe reported a case of adverse skin reactions after applying a cosmetic cream and performed patch tests of cosmetic series and cosmetic product.ResultsAfter drug treatment, the patient's symptoms improved significantly. The cosmetic series patch test showed that she was allergic to thimerosal, and the cosmetic product patch also showed positive.ConclusionsThe adverse reactions of dermatologists to cosmetics cannot be ignored, and it is suggested that in addition to common skin care products, the safety of other functional products should also be concerned.
Adapting to a major crisis: Sleep and mental health during two lockdowns
Authors: Koppehele‐Gossel Judith , Weinmann Lena‐Marie , Klimke Ansgar , Windmann Sabine , Voss Ursula 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe present study aimed at investigating the impact of the pandemic on sleep and mental health in healthy individuals (n = 78) as well as in psychiatric outpatients (n = 30) during the first and the second lockdown in Germany, in March and November 2020, respectively. Sleep quality and anxiety were worse in patients compared with controls during both lockdowns. Further, patients but not controls exhibited higher levels of depression and overall psychiatric symptomatology during the second lockdown. No differences were found in the perceived threat evoked by the pandemic. The data suggest that healthy individuals adapt flexibly to the difficult situation over the time course of the pandemic, whereas psychiatric patients seem to get worse, indicating difficulties in adapting to stressful circumstances.
Taxes, taxpayers, and settler colonialism: Toward a critical fiscal sociology of tax as white property
Authors: Willmott Kyle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn settler colonial states such as Canada, tax is central to political ideas that circulate about Indigenous nations and people. The stories that are told about Indigenous peoples by ‘taxpayers’ often involve complaints about budgets, welfare, and ‘unfair’ tax arrangements. The paper theorizes how informal ‘tax imaginaries’ and ‘taxpayer’ subjectivities are forged through state policy and how ostensibly fiscal concerns are imbricated with white political entitlement that erodes Indigenous legal and political sovereignty. By tracing the construction of taxpayer concerns and tax myths as forms of fiscalized racism, the paper demonstrates the importance of tax to settler colonialism and the shape of Indigenous-settler relations. Taxpayer subjects are not just legal or material positionings in relation to tax and the state, but powerful subjects that refigure political problems as ‘fiscal’ and construct Indigenous people and nations through racialized repertoires of property and possession.
Fear and legitimacy in São Paulo, Brazil: Police–citizen relations in a high violence, high fear city
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Pósch Krisztián , Oliveira Thiago R. , Bradford Ben , Mendes Sílvia M. , Natal Ariadne Lima , Zanetic André 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examine consensual and coercive police–citizen relations in São Paulo, Brazil. According to procedural justice theory, popular legitimacy operates as part of a virtuous circle, whereby normatively appropriate police behavior encourages people to self-regulate, which then reduces the need for coercive forms of social control. But can consensual and coercive police–citizen relations be so easily disentangled in a city in which many people fear crime, where the ability to use force can often be palpable in even mundane police–citizen interactions, where some people fear police but also tolerate extreme police violence, and where the image of the military police as “just another (violent) gang” has significant cultural currency? Legitimacy has two components—assent (ascribed right to power) and consent (conferred right to govern)—and consistent with prior work from the US, UK, and Australia, we find that procedural justice is key to the legitimation of the police. Yet, the empirical link between legitimacy and legal compliance is complicated by ambivalent authority relations, rooted in part in heightened cultural expectations about police use of force to exercise power. We finish the paper with a discussion of the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.
The adaptable law enforcement officer: Exploring adaptability in a covert police context
Authors: Oleszkiewicz Simon , Weiher Lynn , Mac Giolla Erik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdaptability refers to cognitive, behavioural and emotional adjustments that assist in effectively responding to novel and uncertain situations. It is acknowledged as a key attribute of the successful management of dynamic interpersonal interactions. Yet, adaptability remains largely unstudied in the field of psychology and law. Here, we take the first steps to fill this research gap. In Study 1, university students (n = 30) acted as ‘agents’ that had to complete three ‘undercover missions’ that required an adaptive response. Adaptability was measured through a self‐report scale. In Study 2, practitioners (n = 22), experienced with covert policing, watched recordings of the undercover missions from Experiment 1. The practitioners rated the adaptive responses of the agents, as well as their ability to attain the mission objectives. The findings showed that our experimental set‐up successfully elicited adaptive behaviour. Practitioners’ ratings of adaptability were strongly related to their ratings of trustworthiness, rapport and belief in whether the agent would accomplish their missions, but not with actual mission success. The results highlight the potential importance of adaptability for law enforcement contexts.
EEG Data Quality in Real‐World Settings: Examining Neural Correlates of Attention in School‐Aged Children
Authors: Xu Keye , Torgrimson Sarah Jo , Torres Remi , Lenartowicz Agatha , Grammer Jennie K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvances in mobile electroencephalography (EEG) technology have made it possible to examine covert cognitive processes in real‐world settings such as student attention in the classroom. Here, we outline research using wired and wireless EEG technology to examine attention in elementary school children across increasingly naturalistic paradigms in schools, ranging from a lab‐based paradigm where children met one‐on‐one with an experimenter in a field laboratory to mobile EEG testing conducted in the same school during semi‐naturalistic classroom lessons. Despite an increase of data loss with the classroom‐based paradigm, we demonstrate that it is feasible to collect quality data in classroom settings with young children. We also provide a test case for how robust EEG signals, such as alpha oscillations, can be used to identify measurable differences in covert processes like attention in classrooms. We end with pragmatic suggestions for researchers interested in employing naturalistic EEG methods in real‐world, multisensory contexts.
The S1PR2‐CCL2‐BDNF‐TrkB pathway mediates neuroinflammation and motor incoordination in hyperammonaemia
Authors: Arenas Yaiza M. , Balzano Tiziano , Ivaylova Gergana , Llansola Marta , Felipo Vicente 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsChronic hyperammonaemia and inflammation synergistically induce neurological impairment, including motor incoordination, in hepatic encephalopathy. Hyperammonaemic rats show neuroinflammation in the cerebellum which enhances GABAergic neurotransmission leading to motor incoordination. We aimed to identify underlying mechanisms. The aims were (1) to assess if S1PR2 is involved in microglial and astrocytic activation in the cerebellum of hyperammonaemic rats; (2) to identify pathways by which enhanced S1PR2 activation induces neuroinflammation and alters neurotransmission; (3) to assess if blocking S1PR2 reduces neuroinflammation and restores motor coordination in hyperammonaemic rats.MethodsWe performed ex vivo studies in cerebellar slices from control or hyperammonaemic rats to identify pathways by which neuroinflammation enhances GABAergic neurotransmission in hyperammonaemia. Neuroinflammation and neurotransmission were assessed by immunochemistry/immunofluorescence and western blot. S1PR2 was blocked by intracerebral treatment with JTE‐013 using osmotic mini‐pumps. Motor coordination was assessed by beam walking.ResultsChronic hyperammonaemia enhances S1PR2 activation in the cerebellum by increasing its membrane expression. This increases CCL2, especially in Purkinje neurons. CCL2 activates CCR2 in microglia, leading to microglial activation, increased P2X4 membrane expression and BDNF in microglia. BDNF enhances TrkB activation in neurons, increasing KCC2 membrane expression. This enhances GABAergic neurotransmission, leading to motor incoordination in hyperammonaemic rats. Blocking S1PR2 in hyperammonaemic rats by intracerebral administration of JTE‐013 normalises the S1PR2‐CCL2‐CCR2‐BDNF‐TrkB‐KCC2 pathway, reduces glial activation and restores motor coordination in hyperammonaemic rats.ConclusionsEnhanced S1PR2‐CCL2‐BDNF‐TrkB pathway activation mediates neuroinflammation and incoordination in hyperammonaemia. The data raise a promising therapy for patients with hepatic encephalopathy using compounds targeting this pathway.
Induced ligno‐suberin vascular coating and tyramine‐derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides restrict Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in resistant tomato
Authors: Kashyap Anurag , Jiménez‐Jiménez Álvaro Luis , Zhang Weiqi , Capellades Montserrat , Srinivasan Sumithra , Laromaine Anna , Serra Olga , Figueras Mercè , Rencoret Jorge , Gutiérrez Ana , Valls Marc , Coll Nuria S. 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Tomato varieties resistant to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum have the ability to restrict bacterial movement in the plant. Inducible vascular cell wall reinforcements seem to play a key role in confining R. solanacearum into the xylem vasculature of resistant tomato. However, the type of compounds involved in such vascular physico‐chemical barriers remain understudied, while being a key component of resistance.

Here we use a combination of histological and live‐imaging techniques, together with spectroscopy and gene expression analysis to understand the nature of R. solanacearum‐induced formation of vascular coatings in resistant tomato.

We describe that resistant tomato specifically responds to infection by assembling a vascular structural barrier formed by a ligno‐suberin coating and tyramine‐derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Further, we show that overexpressing genes of the ligno‐suberin pathway in a commercial susceptible variety of tomato restricts R. solanacearum movement inside the plant and slows disease progression, enhancing resistance to the pathogen.

We propose that the induced barrier in resistant plants does not only restrict the movement of the pathogen, but may also prevent cell wall degradation by the pathogen and confer anti‐microbial properties, effectively contributing to resistance.
Six Ways Population Change Will Affect the Global Economy
Authors: Mason Andrew , Lee Ronald ,   members of the NTA Network
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew estimates of economic flows by age combined with population projections show that in the coming decades (1) global GDP growth could be slower by about 1 percentage point per year, declining more sharply than population growth; (2) GDP will shift toward sub‐Saharan Africa more than population trends suggest; (3) living standards of working‐age adults may be squeezed by high spending on children and seniors; (4) changing population age distribution will raise living standards in many lower‐income nations; (5) changing economic life cycles will amplify the economic effects of population aging in many higher income economies; and (6) population aging will likely push public debt, private assets, and perhaps productivity higher. Population change will have profound implications for national, regional, and global economies.
From core schemas about the self and others to voice phenomenology: Anxiety and depression affect voice hearers differently
Authors: Kusztrits Isabella , Toh Wei Lin , Thomas Neil , Larøi Frank , Meyers Denny , Hirnstein Marco , Rossell Susan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) occur as a symptom in various mental disorders, and show different phenomenological aspects, depending on their underlying psychopathology. Anxiety and depression, which are known to be involved in the development of AVHs, are suggested to amplify a vicious cycle in which negative interpretations of daily experiences feed into the formation of negative core schemas about the self and others. However, the way in which these variables interrelate is still unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the specific roles of anxiety and depression in the relationship between core schemas and emotional aspects of AVHs for three groups (non‐clinical voice hearers, affective voice hearers and non‐affective voice hearers).MethodsPositive and negative core schemas of the self and others were tested as predictors of emotional distress due to AVHs, examining anxiety and depression separately as potential mediators.ResultsResults showed full mediating effects of depression in non‐affective voice hearers in the relationship between negative core schemas and AVH distress, but not in affective voice hearers. Anxiety was not a mediator in any of the groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest different emotional mechanisms depending on the underlying psychopathology.
Adolescent suicide attempts in the United States: When suicide ideation and suicide capability interact
Authors: Vélez‐Grau Carolina , Romanelli Meghan , Lindsey Michael A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionGuided by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examined whether the relationship between level of suicide ideation and attempted suicide varies as a function of suicide capability.MethodsCross‐sectional data were obtained from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in which 28,442 respondents were sampled. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to create a latent suicide capability variable. Structural equation modeling was used to test the moderating effects of suicide capability on the relationship between level of suicide ideation and attempted suicide, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, sadness/hopelessness, and the sampling design.ResultsCompared to adolescent with no reported ideation, those reporting single and dual ideation experienced increased odds of attempted suicide. The relationship between level of suicide ideation and attempted suicide significantly varied as a function of capability. While adolescents with dual suicide ideation experienced higher rates of attempted suicide at increasing levels of capability, faster rates of change of attempted suicide at increasing levels of capability were observed among those with single and no reported ideation.ConclusionCapability may heighten the risk of suicide attempts among youth, suggesting that treatment efforts could be directed at reducing exposure to painful and provocative experiences associated with suicide behaviors.
A plate tectonic view from the top of the world
Authors: Larson Kyle P. , Cottle John M. , Kylander‐Clark Andrew , Lageson David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew U–Pb calcite geochronological analysis of shear veins in specimens collected from the summit pyramid of Mount Everest demonstrate that upper crustal deformation recorded in those rocks is Himalayan in age and was ongoing at 45.0 ± 5.4 Ma. This deformation precedes movement along the adjacent Qomolangma detachment by ~30 Myrs and coincides with metamorphism in nearby, structurally deeper, sillimanite‐migmatite gneisses and eclogite. The coeval record of deformation and metamorphism across all crustal levels further coincides with detachment of the Indian oceanic lithospheric slab, the inferred “main” collision and final closure of the Tethys ocean in multi‐collisional models of the Himalaya, and Eocene reorganization of tectonic plates in the South Pacific. This new dataset confirms that the summit rocks from Mount Everest preserve not only a complex, multi‐deformational record of Himalayan orogenesis, but also large‐scale changes in plate tectonics.
Demarcation without Dogmas
Authors: Hirvonen Ilmari , Karisto Janne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews how research on the demarcation problem has developed, starting from Popper's criterion of falsifiability and ending with recent naturalistically oriented approaches. The main differences between traditional and contemporary approaches to the problem are explicated in terms of six postulates called thetraditional assumptions. It is argued that all of the assumptions can be dismissed without giving up on the demarcation problem and that doing so might benefit further discussions on pseudoscience. Four present‐day research movements on evaluating the boundaries of science are introduced: (1) philosophy of pseudoscience, (2) social epistemology of dissent, (3) agnotology, and (4) evaluation of expertise. Researchers working within these areas have abandoned some or all traditional assumptions.
A genealogy of the food bank: Historicising the rise of food charity in the UK
Authors: Williams Andrew , May Jon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is widely supposed that food banks and key aspects of the UK's wider food banking system – referral networks, eligibility tests, food vouchers, corporate sponsorship, and the close entanglement of food charity with local and national government – are new to the UK, either imported from North America or emerging ex nihilio with the Trussell Trust in the early 2000s. Drawing on local and national newspaper archives and data from Companies House, the Charity Commission, and internet archiving website the WayBack Machine, we present a genealogy that challenges these origins and situates UK food banking in a set of historically contingent practices, alliances, and struggles, many of which are nowadays forgotten. Contributing to work on policy mobilities in the voluntary sector, we pay particular attention to the development of the UK's contemporary food banking system through the movement of ideas and practices between different organisations (for example, between food banks, corporate food retailers, and US tech companies) and different charitable fields (including overseas aid and homelessness), between the charitable sector and the state, and between different places both within and outside the UK. The resulting genealogy not only extends, and reframes, the history of British food banking – including claims as to the recent institutionalisation of food banks in a neoliberal state welfare apparatus – but works to disrupt the rationalities and ‘regime(s) of acceptability’ that underpin and maintain the modus operandi of many current‐day food banks.
NFTs Emergence in Financial Markets and their Correlation with DeFis and Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Alawadhi Khuloud M. , Alshamali Nour 
Published: February 2022

Non-fungible tokens (NFT) have been defined as digital assets that encode items such as art, collectables, and in-game goods. They are often stored in smart contracts on a blockchain and are exchanged online, frequently using Bitcoin. As NFT became increasingly popular in the last few years, decentralized financial assets (DeFi) tokens also started receiving growing attention as financial instruments that differ from NFTs and cryptocurrencies. Based on data on NFTs, DeFi tokens, and cryptocurrency daily prices between January 15th and December 6th, 2021, we examine the correlation between NFTs, DeFi tokens and major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Using the volatility spillover matrix approach by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) as applied by Dowling (2021) and including DeFis into the discussion, we find that there is very limited spillover to and from non-traditional financial markets. Also, DeFi assets appear to be relatively unconnected to cryptocurrency markets. Following the methodology by Karim, Lucey, Naeem and Uddin (2021) of the quantile connectedness approach and the cross-quantilogram model of Han, Linton, Oka and Whang (2016), we determine that positive DeFi and Crypto spillovers exceeded negative NFT spillovers. This paper concludes that both NFTs and DeFi assets show significant potential in terms of portfolio diversification since they display low correlation with cryptocurrencies, especially in the case of DeFis thanks to it being disconnected from other assets in the market, based on this year's data. This has significant implications for investors who seek to diversify their portfolios by including cryptocurrency, NFTs and DeFis as assets.