bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth Loss Patterns in Patients with Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cibikkarthik T. , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Periodontitis is an inflammatory, multifactorial disease which results in destruction of supporting tissue and bone thereby resulting in loosening of the tooth. Tooth loss is one of the major oral issues faced by elderly patients. Thus the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of tooth loss among periodontitis patients.
Methodology: Data collection was conducted from June 2020 to March 2021 among 200 periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus based on the record management system software to analyse the most frequent missing tooth at the time of first visit. Frequency of maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior and mandibular posterior tooth loss was assessed in the study.
Results: Among the frequency distribution the mandibular posterior tooth loss was the most common among periodontitis with diabetes patients. In case of anterior tooth loss the results were almost similar with 16% of maxillary anterior tooth loss and 17% in case of mandibular anterior tooth loss. Male subjects presented with more missing teeth in mandibular posterior tooth region when compared to females but not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The present study results showed that there is no significant association between sex and maxillary anterior, mandibular anterior, maxillary posterior and mandibular posterior tooth loss (p>0.05). The present study showed that mandibular posterior tooth loss was most frequent among periodontitis with diabetes mellitus patients.
Awareness of Stem Cells and its Application among General Public in Chennai
Authors: Jain Aditya , Jeevitha M. , Preetha S. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the awareness about stem cells and its application among the general public in Chennai.
Introduction: Stem cells are very unique cells and have been isolated from the dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, the periodontal ligament, the dental follicle and the dental papilla. Adult stem cells can differentiate into many dental components such as dentin, periodontal ligament, cement and dental pulp tissue but not into enamel.
Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among the general public in Chennai. This study included 110 participants.
Results: Male participants between the age group of 21-40 years were more aware about stem cells and its sources and its various applications.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a satisfactory level of awareness among the general public regarding stem cells.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Transconjunctival Incision with Lateral Canthotomy and Intraoral Vestibular Incision for Management of Infra-orbital Rim Fracture
Authors: Pawar Shreya , Bhola Nitin 
Published: February 2022

Background: The treatment of an infraorbital rim fracture necessitates careful consideration. There several different techniques which are implicated with exposure of the infraorbital rim having its own sets of merits and demerits. Here, we intend to compare two incisions used for the management of fracture of the infraorbital rim.
Objectives: The focus of this study is to compare and analyze the efficacy of transconjunctival and intraoral incisions in terms of time taken for fracture exposure, adequacy of exposure and fixation, and post-operative complications such as soft tissue injury, chemosis, infraorbital nerve paresthesia, ectropion, scleral show, lagophthalmos, and wound dehiscence.
Methodology: Two groups with 10 patients requiring open reduction and internal fixation of infraorbital rim fracture in each group will be included in the study. The patients will be divided randomly into Group A consisting of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation using transconjunctival incision or Group B consisting of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation using intraoral incision. The two approaches will be compared on the basis of time taken for exposure of fracture site, adequacy of exposure and fixation and post operative complications like soft tissue injury, chemosis, infraorbital nerve paresthesia, ectropion, sclera show, lagophthalmos and wound dehiscence.
Expected Results: The efficacy of intraoral incision would be better than transconjunctival incision as it would lead to lesser post operative ocular complications like chemosis, ectropion etc.
A 3D Hierarchical Host with Enhanced Sodiophilicity Enabling Anode‐Free Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Lee Kyungbin , Lee Young Jun , Lee Michael J. , Han Junghun , Lim Jeonghoon , Ryu Kun , Yoon Hana , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Kim Bumjoon J. , Lee Seung Woo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as a compliment to lithium‐metal batteries for next‐generation high‐energy batteries because of their low cost and the abundance of sodium (Na). Herein, a 3D nanostructured porous carbon particle containing carbon‐shell‐coated Fe nanoparticles (PC‐CFe) is employed as a highly reversible Na‐metal host. PC‐CFe has a unique 3D hierarchy based on sub‐micrometer‐sized carbon particles, ordered open channels, and evenly distributed carbon‐coated Fe nanoparticles (CFe) on the surface. PC‐CFe achieves high reversibility of Na plating/stripping processes over 500 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 10 mA cm–2 with 10 mAh cm–2 in Na//Cu asymmetric cells, as well as over 14 400 cycles at 60 mA cm–2 in Na//Na symmetric cells. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the superior cycling performance of PC‐CFe stems from the stronger adsorption of Na on the surface of the CFe, providing initial nucleation sites more favorable to Na deposition. Moreover, the full cell with a PC‐CFe host without Na metal and a high‐loading Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode (10 mg cm–2) maintains a high capacity of 103 mAh g–1 at 1 mA cm–2 even after 100 cycles, demonstrating the operation of anode‐free SMBs.
Multi‐Functional MoO3 Doping of Carbon‐Nanotube Top Electrodes for Highly Transparent and Efficient Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seo Seungju , Akino Kosuke , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Shawky Ahmed , Lin Hao‐Sheng , Nagaya Hiroki , Kauppinen Esko I. , Xiang Rong , Matsuo Yutaka , Jeon Il , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMoO3 doping of carbon‐nanotube top electrodes in perovskite solar cells is multi‐functional and facilitates p‐doping, favorable energy‐level alignment, and enhanced hole transport. The optimal layer thickness of MoO3 (8 nm) is determined for decreasing the sheet resistance of carbon‐nanotube electrodes without damaging the perovskite film. The sheet resistance decreases by approximately one‐third from its original value, which is a substantially better result than that previously reported for acid doping of carbon‐nanotube top electrodes. MoO3 deposition lowers the Fermi level of the carbon‐nanotube electrode, improving its energy‐level alignment and hole‐transfer performance. When coated with 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD), MoO3 crystallizes on the carbon nanotubes and further enhances hole collection. Semi‐transparent perovskite solar cells with MoO3‐doped carbon‐nanotube electrodes have a power conversion efficiency of 17.3% with a transmittance of approximately 60% (at a wavelength of 1000 nm). Because of their favorable transparency in the infrared region, these perovskite solar cells are evaluated for use in a tandem structure with silicon solar cells via computational simulations. The predicted device efficiency (23.7%) exceeds that of conventional indium‐tin‐oxide‐based tandem solar cells (23.0%).
Open‐Source CFD Elucidating Mechanism of 3D Pillar Electrode in Improving All‐Solid‐State Battery Performance
Authors: Li Weizhuo , Bao Zhiming , Du Qing , Xu Yifan , Jiao Kui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have become an important technology because of their high performance and low‐risk operation. However, the high interface resistance and low ionic conductivity of ASSBs hinder their application. In this study, a self‐developed electrochemical model based on an open‐source computational fluid dynamics platform is presented. The effect of contact area reduction at the electrode/solid‐state electrolyte interface is investigated. Then, a new conceptual 3D structure is introduced to circumvent the existing barriers. The results demonstrate that the discharge time is shortened by over 20% when the area contact ratio reduces from 1.0 to 0.8 at 1 C‐rate, owing to the increased overpotential. By adopting the new 3D pillar design, the energy density of ASSBs can be improved. However, it is only when a 3D current collector is contained in the cathode that the battery energy/power density, capacity, and material utilization can be greatly enhanced without being limited by pillar height issues. Therefore, this work provides important insight into the enhanced performance of 3D structures.
Highly Crowded Twisted Thienylene‐Phenylene Structures: Evidence for Through‐Space Orbital Coupling in a [4]Catenated Topology
Authors: Leitner Tanja Desirée , von Glasenapp Jan Simon , Herges Rainer , Mena‐Osteritz Elena , Bäuerle Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSterically highly crowded and twisted thienylene‐phenylenes are synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses and theoretical studies give evidence of through‐space delocalization of π‐electrons of peripheral (hetero)aromatic rings in toroidal and catenated topology.
Phase 2 studies of lenalidomide, subcutaneous bortezomib, and dexamethasone as induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: O'Gorman Peter , Laubach Jacob P. , O'Dwyer Michael E. , Krawczyk Janusz , Yee Andrew J. , Gilligan Oonagh , Cahill Mary R. , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Quinn John , Murphy Philip T. , DiPietro Heidi , Perera Meegahage Ratnakanthi , Crotty Gerard M. , Cummings Kristen , Hayden Patrick J. , Browne Paul , Savell Alexandra , O'Leary Hilary M. , O'Keeffe Denis , Masone Kelly , Hennessy Brian J. , Guerrero Garcia Thomas , Scott Kathleen , Saeed Khalid , Bianchi Giada , Dowling Paul , Tierney Ciara , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are limited prospective data on lenalidomide, subcutaneous bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RsqVd) in transplant‐eligible/transplant‐ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Reliable biomarkers for efficacy and toxicity are required to better tailor therapy. Two parallel studies were conducted by Cancer Trials Ireland (CTI; NCT02219178) and the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI; NCT02441686). Patients received four 21‐day cycles of RsqVd and could then receive either another 4 cycles of RsqVd or undergo autologous stem cell transplant. Postinduction/posttransplant, patients received lenalidomide maintenance, with bortezomib included for high‐risk patients. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) after 4 cycles of RsqVd. Eighty‐eight patients were enrolled and 84 treated across the two studies; median age was 64.7 (CTI study) and 60.0 years (DFCI study), and 59% and 57% had stage II–III disease. Pooled ORR after 4 cycles in evaluable patients was 93.5%, including 48.1% complete or very good partial responses (CTI study: 91.9%, 59.5%; DFCI study: 95.0%, 37.5%), and in the all‐treated population was 85.7% (44.0%). Patients received a median of 4 (CTI study) and 8 (DFCI study) RsqVd cycles; 60% and 31% of patients (CTI study) and 33% and 51% of patients (DFCI study) underwent transplant or received further RsqVd induction, respectively. The most common toxicity was peripheral neuropathy (pooled: 68%, 7% grade 3–4; CTI study: 57%, 7%; DFCI study: 79%, 7%). Proteomics analyses indicated elevated kallikrein‐6 in good versus poor responders, decreased midkine in good responders, and elevated macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐alpha in patients who stopped treatment from neurotoxicity, suggesting predictive biomarkers warranting further investigation.
An adaptive unscented Kalman filter approach to secure state estimation for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Miao Kelei , Zhang Wen‐An , Qiu Xiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWireless sensor networks are vulnerable to false data injection attacks, which may mislead the state estimation. To solve this problem, this paper presents a chi‐square test‐based adaptive secure state estimation (CTASSE) algorithm for state estimation and attack detection. Taking advantage of Kalman filters, attack signal together with process noise or measurement noise are described as total white Gaussian noise with uncertain covariance matrix. The chi‐square test method is used in the adaptation of the total noise covariance and attack detection. Then, a standard adaptive unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used for the state estimation. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed CTASSE algorithm performs better than other UKFs in state estimation and is also effective in real‐time attack detection.
Life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential for corn ethanol refining in the USA
Authors: Xu Hui , Lee Uisung , Wang Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates how low‐carbon production technologies applicable to ethanol plants may reduce the life‐cycle greenhouse gas emission (GHG) intensities of corn ethanol production in the USA. Results indicate that options focusing on incremental energy efficiency (e.g., combined heat and power) and yield improvements have a limited impact on GHG reductions. To achieve deep decarbonization (>50% GHG reduction compared to current corn ethanol production), a fuel switch from natural gas (NG) to alternative low‐carbon fuels is needed. Replacing 50% of NG demand at ethanol plants with syngas from biomass through gasification or renewable natural gas from animal waste could achieve significant GHG reductions (11.7–23.5 g CO2e/MJ ethanol). Adding multiple technologies, including carbon capture and storage, to existing ethanol plants may further reduce GHG emissions to −18.4 g CO2e MJ−1 ethanol (including land‐use change emissions), which is 120% lower than the carbon intensity of pure gasoline. These results could inform how the ethanol industry could move toward net‐zero ethanol production. © 2022 UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operation of Argonne National Laboratory. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Four‐Step Enzymatic Cascade for Efficient Production of L‐Phenylglycine from Biobased L‐Phenylalanine
Authors: Zhu Yuling , Yuan Jifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnantiopure amino acids are of particular interest in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we report a multi‐enzyme cascade for efficient production of L‐phenylglycine (L‐Phg) from biobased L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe). We first attempted to engineer Escherichia coli for expressing L‐amino acid deaminase (LAAD) from Proteus mirabilis, hydroxymandelate synthase (HmaS) from Amycolatopsis orientalis, (S)‐mandelate dehydrogenase (SMDH) from Pseudomonas putida, the endogenous aminotransferase (AT) encoded by ilvE and L‐glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH) from E. coli. However, 10 mM L‐Phe only afforded the synthesis of 7.21±0.15 mM L‐Phg. The accumulation of benzoylformic acid suggested that the transamination step might be rate‐limiting. We next used leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) from Bacillus cereus to bypass the use of L‐glutamate as amine donor, and 40 mM L‐Phe gave 39.97±3.84 mM (6.04±0.58 g/L) L‐Phg, reaching 99.9 % conversion. In summary, this work demonstrates a concise four‐step enzymatic cascade for L‐Phg synthesis from biobased L‐Phe, with a potential for future industrial applications.
Implementation of a large‐scale breast cancer early detection program in a resource‐constrained setting: real‐world experiences from 2 large states in India
Authors: Kumar Somesh , Usmanova Gulnoza , Nair Tapas Sadasivan , Srivastava Vineet Kumar , Singh Rakesh , Mohanty Nochiketa , Akhtar Nadeem , Kujur Meshach Sunny , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Pallipamula Suranjeen Prasad , Agarwal Gaurav , Singh Amresh Bahadur , Kashyap Vivek , McCarthy Maura , Liebermann Erica J. , Ginsburg Ophira 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe Breast Health Initiative (BHI) was launched to demonstrate a scalable model to improve access to early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.MethodsA package of evidence‐based interventions was codesigned and implemented with the stakeholders, as part of the national noncommunicable disease program, through the existing primary health care system. Data from the first 18 months of the BHI are presented.ResultsA total of 108,112 women received breast health education; 48% visited the health facilities for clinical breast examination (CBE), 3% had a positive CBE result, and 41% were referred to a diagnostic facility. The concordance of CBE findings between health care providers and adherence to follow‐up care improved considerably, with more women visiting the diagnostic facilities and completing diagnostic evaluation within 1 month from initial screening, and with only 9% lost to follow‐up. The authors observed a clinically meaningful decrease in time to complete diagnostic evaluation with biopsy, from 37 to 9 days.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a large‐scale, decentralized breast cancer early detection program delivered through the existing primary health care system in India.
Differential effects of corporate social responsibility on downsizing: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Pekovic Sanja , Wagner Marcus , Vogt Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on an integrated theoretical framework, we argue that socially responsible firms aspire to higher ethical and moral standards than other firms and foster higher intrinsic motivation to avoid downsizing. In line with this, we develop hypotheses proposing a negative association of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with downsizing incidence and downsizing severity. Using a panel data on U.S. firms over an eight‐year period, we confirm these hypotheses and find that CSR has a negative association with downsizing, which increases with the severity of downsizing. We discuss the implications of the findings and how our work contributes to the body of academic work on downsizing with CSR as an important novel firm‐level determinant that links to corporate sustainability and stakeholder engagement.
Demographic consequences of mutualism disruption: Browsing and big‐headed ant invasion drive acacia population declines
Authors: Hays Brandon R. , Riginos Corinna , Palmer Todd M. , Doak Daniel F. , Gituku Benard C. , Maiyo Nelly J. , Mutisya Samuel , Musila Simon , Goheen Jacob R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcross the globe, biological invasions have disrupted mutualisms, producing reverberating consequences for ecosystems. Although invasive species frequently trigger mutualism disruptions, few studies have quantified the demographic mechanisms by which mutualism breakdown may generate population effects. In a Kenyan savanna, the invasive big‐headed ant (Pheidole megacephala) has disrupted a foundational mutualism between the monodominant whistling‐thorn tree (Acacia drepanolobium) and native ants (Crematogasterspp.) that deter browsing by large mammalian herbivores. We conducted experiments to quantify the demographic consequences of this mutualism disruption in the presence and absence of large mammalian herbivores. Invasion byP. megacephalaexacerbated population declines ofA. drepanolobium, primarily through decreased survival and reproduction of adult trees. However, these fitness reductions were small compared to those resulting from the presence of large mammalian herbivores, which negatively impacted growth and survival. Contrary to expectation, the expulsion of metabolically costlyCrematogastermutualists byP. megacephaladid not result in higher population growth rates for trees protected from large mammalian herbivores. Our results suggest that invasiveP. megacephalamay impose a direct metabolic cost to trees exceeding that of native mutualists while providing no protection from browsing by large mammalian herbivores. Across landscapes, we expect that invasion byP. megacephalawill reduceA. drepanolobiumpopulations, but that the magnitude and demographic pathways of this effect will hinge on the presence and abundance of browsers.
Model‐based adaptive kinematic transformation method for accurate control of multi‐DOF boundary conditions in conventional tests and hybrid simulations
Authors: Park Jamin , Ma Raymond , Kwon Oh‐Sung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral actuators need to be controlled to impose a multi‐degree of freedom displacement boundary conditions on a specimen in multi‐axial hybrid simulations or conventional multi‐axial displacement‐controlled tests. As the displacement boundary conditions are typically defined in the Cartesian coordinate system, kinematic transformation is required to transform the boundary conditions into actuator strokes. In previous studies, the kinematic transformation was carried out assuming no elastic deformation of the reaction system where the actuators and specimens are mounted. Accordingly, the kinematic transformation becomes inaccurate if the elastic deformation are not negligible, thereby impacting the accuracy of the experiments. There are methods to compensate for these errors by instrumenting specimens, but the existing methods often require many iterations or do not monotonically approach the target displacements. This study proposes a new method for kinematic transformation from the Cartesian system to the actuators’ local coordinate systems. The method adopts a model identification technique by which the influence of the elastic deformation can be effectively considered in calculating the actuator strokes. Numerical verification and experimental validation with the proposed transformation method are carried out. The results show that the proposed transformation method can decrease the number of iterations to achieve the target displacement boundary conditions and thus avoiding overshooting the displacement boundary conditions and reducing the interaction between actuators. It is expected that the proposed method can reduce the overall time to run a multi‐axial hybrid simulation or multi‐DOF displacement‐controlled experiments.
Double‐Edged Role of Resource Competition in Gene Expression Noise and Control
Authors: Goetz Hanah , Stone Austin , Zhang Rong , Lai Ying‐Cheng , Tian Xiao‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite extensive investigation demonstrating that resource competition can significantly alter the deterministic behaviors of synthetic gene circuits, it remains unclear how resource competition contributes to the gene expression noise and how this noise can be controlled. Utilizing a two‐gene circuit as a prototypical system, a surprising double‐edged role of resource competition in gene expression noise is uncovered: competition decreases noise through introducing a resource constraint but generates its own type of noise which we name as “resource competitive noise.” Utilization of orthogonal resources enables retainment of the noise reduction conferred by resource constraint while removing the added resource competitive noise. The noise reduction effects are studied using three negative feedback types: negatively competitive regulation (NCR), local, and global controllers, each having four placement architectures in the protein biosynthesis pathway (mRNA or protein inhibition on transcription or translation). The results show that both local and NCR controllers with mRNA‐mediated inhibition are efficacious at reducing noise, with NCR controllers demonstrating a superior noise‐reduction capability. Combining feedback controllers with orthogonal resources can improve the local controllers. This work provides deep insights into the origin of stochasticity in gene circuits with resource competition and guidance for developing effective noise control strategies.