bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Different Carbonaceous Materials as Modifiers of Screen‐printed Carbon Electrodes for the Triazid as Potential Antiviral Drug
Authors: Ivoilova Alexandra , Malakhova Nataliya , Mozharovskaia Polina , Nikiforova Alexandra , Tumashov Andrey , Kozitsina Alisa , Ivanova Alla , Rusinov Vladimir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work a comparative study of Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPCE) – bare and modified by drop casting with carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) as Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Carbon Black and Functionalized Carbon Black for voltammetric determination of 5‐methyl‐6‐nitro‐7‐oxo‐4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidinide l‐arginine monohydrate (Triazid) as a potential drug with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity is reported. Bare SPCE and CNMs modified SPCE (SPCE/CNMs) have been characterized morphologically by SEM and electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− as redox probe. Significant improvement of electrochemical performances is achieved with SPCE/CNMs compared with the bare SPCE. Among SPCE/CNMs studied SPCE modified with MWCNT (SPCE/CNT) is characterized by the best combination of electrochemical properties and electroanalytical performance towards TD. The linear dynamic range is 25–200 mg L−1 (R2=0.9975) with the limit of detection – 2.8 mg L−1 Triazid using SPCE/CNT and Square‐Wave Voltammetry technique. The developed sensor was successfully used for Triazid determination in the Pharmaceutical Substance “TRIAZID”. The results achieved with SPCE/CNMs after chemical binding of dissolved oxygen in 0.04 M Britton‐Robinson buffer+0.04 M Na2SO3 (pH 7.2±0.2) are very useful for further development of cost‐effective and time‐consuming pharmaceutical routine assay.
Field investigation of the fetch effect and essential conditions for saturated sand flow
Authors: Zhang Chunlai , Wang Xuesong , Zou Xueyong , Shen Yaping , Wang Rende , Wang Hongtao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral models of classical aeolian sand transport mechanism have been developed to predict the rate of sand transport. However, the values predicted through modeling almost always display large and significant differences from the measured values. The reason for such discrepancies is not fully understood. By studying the effects of wind velocities and fetch lengths on the C values in the model proposed by Lettau and Lettau in 1978, we found that the saturation level of the measured sand flow can significantly affect the accuracy of the predicted value. To solve this problem, we introduced an index (δ) to represent the saturation level. The closer the δ value is to 1, the greater the chance that the sand flow is saturated. This new approach only requires measurement of the saturated sand flow data to verify the robustness of the aeolian sand transport model, a step that has been neglected by previous researchers. Our results suggest that the value of C = 6.7 proposed in the Lettau and Lettau model is sound and reliable if the sand flow is saturated. We proposed the conditions required for the sand flow to reach saturation and generated an equation to predict the sand transport saturation length (Lsat). Accordingly, we estimated Lsat to be approximately 92 m when
= 0.47 m s−1 for the studied sand surface, which is also the minimum wind shear velocity at which the sand flow can potentially reach saturation.
Braiding knowledges of braided rivers – the need for place‐based perspectives and lived experience in the science of landscapes
Authors: Koppes Michèle N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe compounding societal and environmental crises of the Anthropocene necessitate a more holistic, critical and systems understanding of our relationship to and with the earth surface. We are now aware that every landscape is touched by man, a mosaic of recorded artifacts of historical human activity. These effects emerge from distinct perspectives that require global, local, and complex frameworks of inquiry. In order to address the braided realities of this age, geomorphologists need to embrace diverse ways of knowing, most especially indigenous, local and place‐based knowledges of landscapes and our role in shaping them. We need to examine how a singular, objective standpoint in the scientific process privileges determinism over other ways of seeing and being. In this commentary, I argue that the discipline of geomorphology as it is commonly practiced in the Global North is ill‐suited to address the crises of the Anthropocene. In order to reorient the discipline towards a more ethical and societally‐relevant role, we need to seek and integrate place‐based, local and situated perspectives into the scientific work of understanding the landscapes we are working in, particularly as so many of the communities most impacted by these changing landscapes are the least involved in guiding our scientific efforts and outcomes.
White matter tract strength correlates with therapy outcome in persistent developmental stuttering
Authors: Neef Nicole E. , Korzeczek Alexandra , Primaßin Annika , Wolff von Gudenberg Alexander , Dechent Peter , Riedel Christian Heiner , Paulus Walter , Sommer Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPersistent stuttering is a prevalent neurodevelopmental speech disorder, which presents with involuntary speech blocks, sound and syllable repetitions, and sound prolongations. Affected individuals often struggle with negative feelings, elevated anxiety, and low self‐esteem. Neuroimaging studies frequently link persistent stuttering with cortical alterations and dysfunctional cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamocortical loops; dMRI data also point toward connectivity changes of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the frontal aslant tract (FAT). Both tracts are involved in speech and language functions, and the FAT also supports inhibitory control and conflict monitoring. Whether the two tracts are involved in therapy‐associated improvements and how they relate to therapeutic outcomes is currently unknown. Here, we analyzed dMRI data of 22 patients who participated in a fluency‐shaping program, 18 patients not participating in therapy, and 27 fluent control participants, measured 1 year apart. We used diffusion tractography to segment the SLF and FAT bilaterally and to quantify their microstructural properties before and after a fluency‐shaping program. Participants learned to speak with soft articulation, pitch, and voicing during a 2‐week on‐site boot camp and computer‐assisted biofeedback‐based daily training for 1 year. Therapy had no impact on the microstructural properties of the two tracts. Yet, after therapy, stuttering severity correlated positively with left SLF fractional anisotropy, whereas relief from the social–emotional burden to stutter correlated negatively with right FAT fractional anisotropy. Thus, posttreatment, speech motor performance relates to the left dorsal stream, while the experience of the adverse impact of stuttering relates to the structure recently associated with conflict monitoring and action inhibition.
Critical factors in achieving fine‐scale functional MRI: Removing sources of inadvertent spatial smoothing
Authors: Wang Jianbao , Nasr Shahin , Roe Anna Wang , Polimeni Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltra‐high Field (≥7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (UHF‐fMRI) provides opportunities to resolve fine‐scale features of functional architecture such as cerebral cortical columns and layers, in vivo. While the nominal resolution of modern fMRI acquisitions may appear to be sufficient to resolve these features, several common data preprocessing steps can introduce unwanted spatial blurring, especially those that require interpolation of the data. These resolution losses can impede the detection of the fine‐scale features of interest. To examine quantitatively and systematically the sources of spatial resolution losses occurring during preprocessing, we used synthetic fMRI data and real fMRI data from the human visual cortex—the spatially interdigitated human V2 “thin” and “thick” stripes. The pattern of these cortical columns lies along the cortical surface and thus can be best appreciated using surface‐based fMRI analysis. We used this as a testbed for evaluating strategies that can reduce spatial blurring of fMRI data. Our results show that resolution losses can be mitigated at multiple points in preprocessing pathway. We show that unwanted blur is introduced at each step of volume transformation and surface projection, and can be ameliorated by replacing multi‐step transformations with equivalent single‐step transformations. Surprisingly, the simple approaches of volume upsampling and of cortical mesh refinement also helped to reduce resolution losses caused by interpolation. Volume upsampling also serves to improve motion estimation accuracy, which helps to reduce blur. Moreover, we demonstrate that the level of spatial blurring is nonuniform over the brain—knowledge which is critical for interpreting data in high‐resolution fMRI studies. Importantly, our study provides recommendations for reducing unwanted blurring during preprocessing as well as methods that enable quantitative comparisons between preprocessing strategies. These findings highlight several underappreciated sources of a spatial blur. Individually, the factors that contribute to spatial blur may appear to be minor, but in combination, the cumulative effects can hinder the interpretation of fine‐scale fMRI and the detectability of these fine‐scale features of functional architecture.
Exploring United States genetic counselor and healthcare interpreter perspectives: Allocation of roles within the genetic counseling encounter
Authors: Wang Melissa , Rosenbaum Marc , Dineen Richard , Stoll Jessica , Schmitz Karen , Hsu Melissa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenetic counselors (GCs) and healthcare interpreters (HIs) are key members of the healthcare team when providing genetic counseling services to patients with Limited English Proficiency (LEP); however, the working relationship between GCs and HIs and the role each member plays within a genetic counseling session is unclear. Previous studies assessing this relationship have been qualitative and limited in sample size (Agather et al., 2018, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 26, 1388; Krieger et al., 2018, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 26, 1388; Lara‐Otero et al., 2019, Health Communication, 34, 1608; Rosenbaum et al., 2020, Journal of Genetic Counseling, 29, 352). This study utilized a quantitative approach to allow for sampling of larger populations and to simultaneously understand current perspectives of GCs and HIs regarding each other's and their own roles within a genetic counseling session. GC and HI participants from the United States were recruited via email to complete an online survey with questions regarding interactions prior to a session, roles during a session, and opportunities for collaboration and constraints in the working relationship. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze responses of GCs and HIs. 130 GC and 40 HI participants were included in this study. There were statistically significant differences (p < .001) in responses between GC and HI participants on the expected distribution of roles during a session in advocacy, psychosocial and cultural domains. Additionally, this study identified that HI desired resources and training regarding genetics and genetic counseling are currently not being met. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to simultaneously survey GC and HI perspectives on these topics. Our findings suggest the need for greater communication and collaboration between GCs and HIs to ensure high‐quality care for patients with LEP. Integrating a pre‐session meeting between the GC and HI for sessions with patients with LEP and increasing education for GCs and HIs on the roles each group brings into a session is warranted to optimize this collaborative relationship and patient care.
Clinical characteristics, complications, and predictors of outcome of hospitalized adult Sudanese patients with COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection in Sudan: A multicenter retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab , Hasabo Elfatih A. , Haroun Mazin S. , Mah. Fadelallah Eljack Moh. , Salih Esraa Hassan , Altayeb Yousif F. O. , Nour Alshareef B. , Abdallah Abdallah M. , Osman Waddah A. M. , Yousif Mohammed Y. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalaria and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) share several characteristics that could lead to cross‐infection, particularly in malaria‐endemic areas. Early COVID‐19 symptoms might be misdiagnosed for malaria in clinical settings. Also, both diseases can cause fatal complications. So, laboratory testing for both diseases was recommended by the World Health Organization. To study the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Adult Sudanese patients with COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection. This retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to October 2021 in Wad Medani. Total coverage of all Sudanese patients above 18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of coinfection with COVID‐19 and malaria was included, and data were collected using a data collection sheet. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.0.2. Data were described and presented as mean, standard deviation, and number (percentage). To find associated factors with in‐hospital outcome, χ2 test, fisher exact test, and independent t test or Wilcoxon rank‐sum test were used. In this study, 156 participants were diagnosed with COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection. Most of them were between 60 and 70 years (30.8%), the majority were males (59%). Shortness of breath (76.3%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (35.3%) were the most common symptom and complications among coinfected patients, respectively. Ground glass opacity (n = 47/49, 95.9%) is the most common result for computed tomography scan. Atrial fibrillation was the most common abnormal electrocardiogram finding (n = 6/62, 9.7%). Overall mortality among all participants was (63/156, 40.4%). High mortality rate was found among the coinfected patients. More attention is needed towards fighting COVID‐19 and malaria coinfection. There may be a link between malaria and COVID‐19.
Challenging the hypothesis of an Arctic Ocean lake during recent glacial episodes
Authors: Hillaire‐Marcel Claude , Myers Paul G. , Marshall Shawn , Tarasov Lev , Purcell Karl , Not Christelle , De Vernal Anne 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe Arctic Ocean is one of the last frontiers on Earth with many unknowns about its geological and climate history and considerable speculation on its role in the Earth's climate and ocean system. It has been proposed recently that it was occupied by a freshwater body of more than 9.5 × 106 km3 underneath a thick ice mass during part of glacial isotopic stages 6 and 4. We argue that such a dramatic scenario, implying replacement of marine waters by freshwater throughout the entire Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas, is physically implausible. The very low 230Th excesses (230Thxs) observed in sediments from these intervals were used as evidence for the presence of a U‐depleted overlying freshwater column. We show here that they may simply result from short, sporadic sedimentary pulses, below multiyear sea ice or ice shelves, linked to deglacial ice streaming and surging events interrupting long‐duration sedimentary gaps. Due to this sporadic sedimentation regime, interpolating time from 230Thxs data or between benchmark ages in sedimentary sequences would simply be erroneous.
A new species of small Camelidae from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil
Authors: C. Greco Marcelo , Trindade Dantas Mário André , Cozzuol Mario Alberto 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTCamelids have been known in South America since the late Pliocene, where they arrived from North America as part of the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). They became extinct in North America by the late Pleistocene, while surviving in the Southern Cone of South America and in high altitudes of the Andean region. Extinct South American camelids are generally included in the genera Palaeolama and Hemiauchenia, members of which are larger than modern species. We describe here a new, small species of the genus Hemiauchenia based on late Pleistocene specimens previously assigned to Lama guanicoe. This specimen lived in northeastern Brazil at 22 345–21 907 cal a
bp, and had a diet composed mainly of C3 plants.
The face of the brand: Spokesperson facial width‐to‐height ratio predicts brand personality judgments
Authors: Deska Jason C. , Hingston Sean T. , DelVecchio Devon , Stenstrom Eric P. , Walker Ryan J. , Hugenberg Kurt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrands often employ spokespersons to serve as the face of their organization and spokespersons characteristics can influence consumer behavior. We examined whether a subtle, appearance‐based aspect—facial width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR)—affects brand judgments. Specifically, we demonstrate that high (low) fWHR spokespersons are more effective for rugged (sincere) brands leading to more positive ad evaluations, greater brand liking, and higher purchase intensions. Across four experiments, we used across‐target and within‐individual manipulations of spokesperson fWHR to test our hypotheses and investigate the downstream implications for consumer preferences and purchasing intentions. We find that spokesperson fWHR influenced judgments of spokesperson effectiveness for different kinds of brands (Study 1); spokesperson fWHR impacts a brand's perceived personality (Study 2); and that congruency between spokespersons’ faces and brands’ personalities influence how much consumers like brands, their advertisements, and how willing they are to purchase advertised products (Studies 3–4). This study has implications for marketers and contributes to the brand personality and person perception literatures by demonstrating how subtle variations in spokespersons’ face structure can influence consumer judgments.
An ultra‐thin flexible four port MIMO antenna for WBAN communications
Authors: Ramanujam Rajkumar , Perumalsamy Marichamy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis letter reports the design of a quasi Yagi‐Uda Antenna developed on an ultra‐thin flexible material for wireless body area networks (WBAN). The proposed planar Yagi‐Uda antenna operates at 2.45 GHz ISM band for medical applications. The microstrip line to slot line transition with circular geometry is used to obtain the necessary impedance matching. The proposed antenna has a footprint of 42 × 36 mm with a profile height of 0.05 mm. The quasi Yagi‐Uda antenna with a set of two directors exhibits 5% bandwidth with a unidirectional radiation pattern and a peak gain of 4 dBi. A four‐port multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna is later developed to meet the diversity requirements of body‐centric communications. To improve the front‐to‐back ratio and specific absorption rate, the MIMO antenna is backed by a metallic reflector. The on‐body performance of the antenna are studied and the results are presented. The estimated envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.4, apparent diversity gain is greater than 8 dB and effective diversity gain is above 7.2 dB for the proposed four‐element MIMO antenna. The prototype antenna is fabricated and the results indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for WBAN communications.
Response Validity in Psychoeducational evaluations: Results from a National Survey of School Psychologists
Authors: Lovett Benjamin J. , Spenceley Laura M. , Schaberg Theresa M. , Best Haley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor psychoeducational evaluations to generate useful data, students must put forth sufficient effort on diagnostic tests, and they and their caregivers and teachers must respond honestly and carefully when asked about symptoms. These features are collectively known as response validity, a concept widely discussed in neuropsychological assessment but rarely discussed explicitly in the school psychology literature. School psychologists (N = 311, 82.6% female) were surveyed about their attitudes and practices regarding response validity. Most respondents used informal observational strategies to assess response validity when conducting psychoeducational evaluations, but very few respondents administered any specialized formal standalone measures to assess response validity. The vast majority of respondents were nonetheless interested in the topic and felt that it was insufficiently addressed in the training of school psychologists. Trainers should cover response validity issues in greater detail, and practitioners should consider using more formal strategies to assess response validity.
The impact of the COVID‐19 school closures on families with children with disabilities: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Lipkin Molly , Crepeau‐Hobson Franci 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented school closures in response to COVID‐19 have been associated with a number of negative impacts on students and their families. In addition to these difficulties, parents of students with disabilities are faced with prepandemic stresses and challenges that may be exacerbated by the school closures. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the experiences and struggles of parents of children identified with a disability during the COVID‐19 school closures. The 15 participants were parents of children with a range of disabilities, including Autism, Down Syndrome, ADHD, and learning disabilities. The analyses revealed four major themes: school connection, virtual learning, potential impacts for students, and managing change. The experiences of these caregivers during the COVID‐19 school closures and subsequent shift to remote learning have implications for educational and treatment planning. Recommendations for how school psychologists and school teams may best support students with disabilities and their families are included.
Natural herbicidal alkaloid berberine regulates the expression of thalianol and marneral gene clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Dandan , Bi Xiaoyang , Ma Jingjing , Zhang Xiaohong , Jiang Keni , Zhu Xuezhen , Huang Jiguang , Zhou Lijuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBerberine is a plant‐derived herbicidal alkaloid. The herbicidal mechanism of berberine is still not clear. In this study, our aim is to clarify the mechanism of berberine inhibiting the root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana, aiming at providing new insight into identifying the molecular targets of berberine.RESULTSThe whole‐genome RNA sequencing had revealed that 403 genes were down‐regulated, and 422 genes were up‐regulated in Arabidopsis roots with berberine treatment. According to KEGG and GO analysis, the expression of two genes AT5G48010 (Thas) and AT5G42600 (MRN1) which are in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway were affected most. These two genes belong to thalianol and marneral gene clusters. RT‐PCR showed that Arabidopsis responds to berberine by inhibiting root growth through repressing the expression of thalianol and marneral gene clusters, which was independent of the upstream effectors ARP6 and HTA9‐1. GC–MS analysis showed that berberine could inhibit THAH in the biosynthetic network of triterpenoid gene cluster in Arabidopsis and thus cause the accumulation of thalianol.CONCLUSIONOur study indicated the repression of the thalianol and marneral gene clusters as the primary mechanism of action of berberine in Arabidopsis, which may result in plant growth defects by interrupting the thalianol metabolic pathway. This provides novel clues as to the possible molecular herbicidal mechanism of berberine. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.