bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Use of Gender Diverse Language in Patient Education Materials on Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Powell Lauren E. , Smith Rachel M. , Baek Annabel E. , Goodreau Adam M. , Pozez Andrea L. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Utilizing inclusive terminology in patient education materials is an increasing area of focus in plastic surgery. Over 300,000 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2020, affecting cisgender and gender diverse patients alike. Both cisgender and gender diverse patients may choose to undergo breast reconstruction. This study aims to assess the use of inclusive language in online patient education materials on reconstruction after breast cancer.

Methods:
Materials were collected from all academic hospitals with a plastic surgery integrated and/or independent residency program, 97 in total. Programs were further classified by the presence of a comprehensive gender program. Materials were analyzed for gender diverse terminology outlined by the National LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center. A chi-square test evaluated for statistical significance of inclusive terminology based on the presence or absence of a comprehensive gender program.

Results:
The majority (75%) of programs referenced cis women alone, with 25% referring to both men and women or using gender neutral terms such as “patients.” Although most (85%) programs wrote in second person (“you”), 15% used she/her/hers pronouns alone, and no programs utilized gender diverse language outlined by the National LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center. The presence or absence of a comprehensive gender program was not predictive of the use of inclusive terminology (P = 0.32).

Conclusions:
This study found that only 25% of breast reconstruction materials contained inclusive gender terminology. Plastic surgeons should provide patient education materials with language that supports members of a gender diverse population to facilitate a safe, inclusive space and conversation.
Impact of a Transition of Care Pharmacist in a Community Hospital Discharge Model
Authors: Rudawsky Nicole , Patel Hinal U. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pharmacists can provide a variety of discharge services that aid in transitions of care. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a pilot program implementing a unit-based clinical pharmacist at a community teaching hospital.

Methods:
This prospective study evaluated pharmacist-led discharge services on an adult medicine unit over a 5-week period. The control cohort received usual care, and the intervention cohort received additional pharmacy services (e.g., counseling, medication reconciliation, ensuring medication access, and overcoming discharge barriers). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions. Secondary outcomes included emergency department (ED) utilization, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores, and patient satisfaction survey scores.

Results:
Overall, 197 patients were included in the control group and 210 in the intervention group. Characteristics including previous hospital utilization, comorbidity count, and medication count at discharge were similar between groups. A reduction in 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions was observed in the cohort receiving pharmacist intervention, 13.3% versus 20.8% (p = 0.044). This study also demonstrated a significant decrease in ED utilization rates and improved patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:
This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting transition of care pharmacists in the hospital discharge model to improve patient care.
Topical tretinoin for treating photoaging: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Makes Wresti Indriatmi , Sandora Normalina , Suryanegara Jose 
Published: June 2022

Background:Aging, an inevitable and continuous process in one’s lifetime, has all along been a focus of interest, especially for women, yet photoaging treatment to slow the process remains challenging. Recent studies have demonstrated the potency of topical tretinoin in the treatment of photoaging. Tretinoin, a metabolite of retinoids, shows prominent efficacy to regulate proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells and induce new collagen formation.Objective:This review aims to study the current evidence on topical tretinoin for photoaging treatment.Methods:A systematic search of the literature was performed from Medline, Cochrane Central, Embase, and PubMed databases for published articles in the past 20 years. Only randomized controlled trials investigating tretinoin for photoaging treatment were included in our review.Results:A total of 180 studies were initially examined, of which 7 randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Four studies included only women as their participants, while the rest demonstrated women as their majority subjects. All studies that indicated topical tretinoin were safe and well tolerated in all patients. Topical tretinoin dosage varied from 0.025% to 5% while duration of treatment ranged from 3 months up to 24 months. With regard to efficacy, all studies consistently reported that topical tretinoin was efficacious in improving clinical appearance of photoaging in terms of wrinkling, mottled hyperpigmentation, sallowness, and lentigines as early as 1 month and lasted after 24 months.Limitations:Different tretinoin formulas used, different outcome parameters, and limited recent studies on topical tretinoin cause lack of uniformity in the evidences.Conclusion:Topical tretinoin is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for long-term treatment of photoaging. Further research is required to compare dose-ranging topical tretinoin to other agents to provide the best treatment strategy for photoaged skin.
Influence of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy on serum folate level in skin of color females: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhameedy Meshal M. , Basendwh Mohammad A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) (311–312 nm) is widely used for dermatological conditions with a favorable side-effect profile during pregnancy. Recently published data showed that NB-UVB might decrease serum folate level in Fitzpatrick skin phenotype I–III, especially at higher doses; this may predispose newborns to neural tube defects.

Objective:
To compare serum folate levels of skin of color females treated with NB-UVB and healthy females of childbearing age, as well as to note whether subsequent complications have been observed, if any.

Methods:
Multicenter, cross-sectional study of 30 females (N = 30): 15 female patients undergoing NB-UVB phototherapy as well as 15 age-, gender-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy volunteers who were enrolled into the study after excluding factors known to alter serum folate concentration. NB-UVB exposures were performed 2–3 times a week for at least 8–12 weeks (mean cumulative NB-UVB dose ± standard deviation [SD] was 55 ± 79 J/cm2).

Results:
Mean serum folate ± SD in NB-UVB exposed and healthy controls were 10.3 ± 4 and 8.3 ± 3 ng/mL, respectively. This was not a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .14).

Limitations:
Small sample size (N = 30) and a cross-sectional study type.

Conclusion:
Cumulative NB-UVB exposure is not associated with a statistically significant difference in serum folate level (P > .05) in skin of color females of childbearing age in comparison to age-, gender-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy females, even with the relatively higher cumulative doses (mean ± SD was 55 ± 79 J/cm2) that have been shown to reduce serum folate level in lighter skin phenotypes.
Complex (Multimodality) Suicides in New York City
Authors: Merkulova Yekaterina V. , Stahl-Herz Jay 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Complex (or multimodality) suicides pose a challenge for forensic pathologists, because they are infrequent and can be mistaken for the more frequent multiple-injury homicides. Complex suicides are suicides in which 2 or more self-inflicted injurious modalities are used. Among all suicides, this specific type has an incidence of 1.5% to 5%.
1
Few publications exist that examined complex suicides, with the largest review discussing only 19 cases.
2,3
To address the need for better characterization of complex suicides, a 10-year retrospective review was conducted of the database of the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. This is the largest case review to date, with 93 complex suicide cases studied and the first American study contributing to this field. Results provide information regarding the demographics of decedents, incidence of mechanisms used, and mechanisms used in series. Results show that in New York City (NYC), complex suicides predominantly include asphyxia, blunt trauma, and drug toxicity. In addition, suicides in NYC occur at a similar incidence to their US national incidence, and demographics of decedents and most common injury mechanisms mirror those of simple suicides in NYC. However, injury mechanisms do not mirror those that are most common nationally. This contrasts with published data and provides a novel insight into suicide modalities in NYC.
Structural Inequities in the Treatment of Standardized Patients and What That Means for Patient Care
Authors: West Temple D. 
Published: June 2022

Summary Statement
Standardized patients (SPs) play a pivotal role in medical education. They are proxies for real patients, preparing students to meet the challenges of excellent patient care. Human simulation, with SPs, is used for teaching and assessing communication and clinical skills in medical education around the world. Standardized patients work individually with other faculty, students, or in conjunction with medical faculty to facilitate learning with feedback. In most simulation centers, SPs receive extensive training in communication and clinical skills, yet they inhabit territory often unrecognized as professional in medical education. The manner in which SPs are seen and treated by faculty and students may be a reflection of how real patients are seen and treated—not always heard, not always respected—and this tension detracts from both simulated and real patient encounters. Exploring how SPs, as proxies for real patients, are treated in medical education is a key to what we might learn and how we might close gaps in cultural respect and, ultimately, in patient care.
Extracting stochastic governing laws by non-local Kramers–Moyal formulae
Authors: Lu Yubin , Li Yang , Duan Jinqiao 
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of computational techniques and scientific tools, great progress of data-driven analysis has been made to extract governing laws of dynamical systems from data. Despite the wide occurrences of non-Gaussian fluctuations, the effective data-driven methods to identify stochastic differential equations with non-Gaussian Lévy noise are relatively few so far. In this work, we propose a data-driven approach to extract stochastic governing laws with both (Gaussian) Brownian motion and (non-Gaussian) Lévy motion, from short bursts of simulation data. Specifically, we use the normalizing flows technology to estimate the transition probability density function (solution of non-local Fokker–Planck equations) from data, and then substitute it into the recently proposed non-local Kramers–Moyal formulae to approximate Lévy jump measure, drift coefficient and diffusion coefficient. We demonstrate that this approach can learn the stochastic differential equation with Lévy motion. We present examples with one- and two-dimensional decoupled and coupled systems to illustrate our method. This approach will become an effective tool for discovering stochastic governing laws and understanding complex dynamical behaviours.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data-driven prediction in dynamical systems’.
Optimal criteria and their asymptotic form for data selection in data-driven reduced-order modelling with Gaussian process regression
Authors: Sapsis Themistoklis P. , Blanchard Antoine 
Published: June 2022

We derive criteria for the selection of datapoints used for data-driven reduced-order modelling and other areas of supervised learning based on Gaussian process regression (GPR). While this is a well-studied area in the fields of active learning and optimal experimental design, most criteria in the literature are empirical. Here we introduce an optimality condition for the selection of a new input defined as the minimizer of the distance between the approximated output probability density function (pdf) of the reduced-order model and the exact one. Given that the exact pdf is unknown, we define the selection criterion as the supremum over the unit sphere of the native Hilbert space for the GPR. The resulting selection criterion, however, has a form that is difficult to compute. We combine results from GPR theory and asymptotic analysis to derive a computable form of the defined optimality criterion that is valid in the limit of small predictive variance. The derived asymptotic form of the selection criterion leads to convergence of the GPR model that guarantees a balanced distribution of data resources between probable and large-deviation outputs, resulting in an effective way of sampling towards data-driven reduced-order modelling.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data-driven prediction in dynamical systems’.
Hierarchical deep learning of multiscale differential equation time-steppers
Authors: Liu Yuying , Kutz J. Nathan , Brunton Steven L. 
Published: June 2022

Nonlinear differential equations rarely admit closed-form solutions, thus requiring numerical time-stepping algorithms to approximate solutions. Further, many systems characterized by multiscale physics exhibit dynamics over a vast range of timescales, making numerical integration expensive. In this work, we develop a hierarchy of deep neural network time-steppers to approximate the dynamical system flow map over a range of time-scales. The model is purely data-driven, enabling accurate and efficient numerical integration and forecasting. Similar ideas can be used to couple neural network-based models with classical numerical time-steppers. Our hierarchical time-stepping scheme provides advantages over current time-stepping algorithms, including (i) capturing a range of timescales, (ii) improved accuracy in comparison with leading neural network architectures, (iii) efficiency in long-time forecasting due to explicit training of slow time-scale dynamics, and (iv) a flexible framework that is parallelizable and may be integrated with standard numerical time-stepping algorithms. The method is demonstrated on numerous nonlinear dynamical systems, including the Van der Pol oscillator, the Lorenz system, the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, and fluid flow pass a cylinder; audio and video signals are also explored. On the sequence generation examples, we benchmark our algorithm against state-of-the-art methods, such as LSTM, reservoir computing and clockwork RNN.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Data-driven prediction in dynamical systems’.
Conservation of Nematocida microsporidia gene expression and host response in Caenorhabditis nematodes
Authors: Wan Yin Chen , Troemel Emily R. , Reinke Aaron W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that are known to infect most types of animals. Many species of microsporidia can infect multiple related hosts, but it is not known if microsporidia express different genes depending upon which host species is infected or if the host response to infection is specific to each microsporidia species. To address these questions, we took advantage of two species of Nematocida microsporidia, N. parisii and N. ausubeli, that infect two species of Caenorhabditis nematodes, C. elegans and C. briggsae. We performed RNA-seq at several time points for each host infected with either microsporidia species. We observed that Nematocida transcription was largely independent of its host. We also observed that the host transcriptional response was similar when infected with either microsporidia species. Finally, we analyzed if the host response to microsporidia infection was conserved across host species. We observed that although many of the genes upregulated in response to infection are not direct orthologs, the same expanded gene families are upregulated in both Caenorhabditis hosts. Together our results describe the transcriptional interactions of Nematocida infection in Caenorhabditis hosts and demonstrate that these responses are evolutionarily conserved.Significance statementMicrosporidia are a powerful model to study pathogen evolution, but much is still unknown about how these pathogens have evolved to infect multiple host species. We found that microsporidia express most of their genes similarly even when they are infecting different host species and that related host species respond similarly to different microsporidia. Our results suggests that there are conserved transcriptional responses during microsporidia infection.
Differential metabolism between biofilm and suspended Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures in bovine synovial fluid by 2D NMR-based metabolomics
Authors: Leggett Abigail , Li Da-Wei , Bruschweiler-Li Lei , Sullivan Anne , Stoodley Paul , Brüschweiler Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTotal joint arthroplasty is a common surgical procedure resulting in improved quality of life; however, a leading cause of surgery failure is periprosthetic joint infection. Periprosthetic infection often involves biofilms, making treatment challenging. Periprosthetic joint infections are difficult to diagnose by traditional culturing methods and there are no clinical biomarkers for the presence of biofilms. Further, the metabolic state of pathogens in the joint space is difficult to diagnose, the mechanism of their tolerance to antibiotics and host defenses is not well understood, and their culturing in the laboratory is challenging. Thus, there is a critical need for improved pathogen- and phenotype-specific diagnosis as well as improved treatment strategies toward better patient outcomes. Here, we present a quantitative, untargeted NMR-based metabolomics strategy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspended culture and biofilm phenotypes grown in bovine synovial fluid. We identified 21 unique metabolites as potential markers of P. aeruginosa and one unique marker of the biofilm phenotype in synovial fluid. Significant differences in metabolic pathways were found between the suspended culture and biofilm phenotypes including creatine, glutathione, alanine, and choline metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These unique metabolite and pathway differences have the potential to serve as targets for P. aeruginosa and specifically biofilm diagnosis and biofilm control in synovial fluid.Author SummaryJoint replacement surgery is a common procedure frequently required in later stages of life due to damage in the joint. Over one million joint replacement surgeries are performed annually with rates increasing every year. A devastating complication associated with joint replacement is the development of infection around the implant device in the joint space, known as a periprosthetic joint infection. Bacteria in the joint space can form a biofilm, which is a gel-like matrix encasing the cells that increases resistance to treatment and exacerbates chronic infections. A particular challenge for the diagnosis of biofilm-mediated periprosthetic joint infections is the slowly growing nature of biofilm-mediated phenotypes, resulting in frequent failure to detect these bacteria by clinical microbiological culturing methods. Small molecule metabolites are uniquely produced by strains of bacteria in the biofilm versus planktonic or suspended culture phenotype. Identification of metabolites as specific markers of infection and biofilm could allow a new culture-free diagnostic approach to diagnose infection by biofilm. Furthermore, knowledge of metabolic pathway populations in biofilm in joint fluid could point to specific targets to prevent biofilm formation in the joint space.
Low level of knowledge about COVID-19 among a sample of Deaf persons in Ghana
Authors: Arthur-Mensah Reginald , Quao Jacob Nartey , Yeboah Louisa , Dassah Zanu , Kyei Abigail Agartha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobal observations have shown that the success or failure in preventing and controlling the spread of COVID-19 largely relies on human behaviours. Human behaviours in preventing and controlling the spread of the disease principally, is dependent on the level of knowledge of the disease, the attitudes adopted by persons due to the level of knowledge of the disease and the decision to adhere to the preventive practices (KAP) of the disease. Since the beginning of this pandemic, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the KAP on the novel COVID-19 among diverse demographic groups. However, no reported studies have been found on the KAP of the COVID-19 pandemic among the deaf in various populations around the world. This study sought to assess the KAP of COVID-19 among deaf persons in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.The design of this study utilized the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey. Good attitude and adherence to the preventive practices of COVID-19 was observed among the deaf persons. However, knowledge about the science of the disease was lacking. Educational campaigns about COVID-19 should also emphasize the teaching and understanding of the science of the virus and the disease to its audience.