bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underfive Mortality and Associated Factors among Children Born from 15-49 Years Old Mothers in Haramaya Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Demena Melake , Teklemariam Zelalem , Desalew Assefa , Assefa Nega 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDGlobally, since 2000, a decline in the underfive mortality rate has been recorded, indicating that over 50 million children’s lives have been saved. More than 80 countries globally, specifically 69 developing nations, have reduced the underfive mortality by half since 2000. In the eastern part of Ethiopia, evidence from the Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System in the Kersa district of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, suggested a decline in the underfive mortality rate from 131.8 per 1000 live births in 2008 to 77.4 per 1000 live births in 2013. The death rates still remain far from the Sustainable Development Goals’ target reduction to 25 or less per 1000 live births by 2030. However, the magnitude and determinants of underfive mortalities have not been studied in Haramaya town.OBJECTIVETo assess the underfive mortality rate and its associated factors among children born from 7th August 2015 to 6th August 2020 in Haramaya town, east Ethiopia, by 7th–31st August 2020.METHODOLOGYA quantitative cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 391 pairs of 15- to 49-year-old mothers and their live-born underfive children selected using a systematic random sampling technique from Haramaya town to compare child mortality between the <=24 and >=25 mother’s age groups. Data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire, double entered into EpiData 3.1, and then exported to the statistical package for social sciences program version 20.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis (p value <0.20) was performed to examine the crude association of predictors with underfive mortality, and then multiple logistic regression analysis (p value <0.05) was performed to measure the statistical association.RESULTSThe deaths of 28 out of 372 live births resulted in an underfive mortality rate of 75 per 1000 live births. Children born in households with fewer than 6 members had 7. 98 times higher odds of dying than those born in households with at least 6 members (AOR =7.98, 95% CI =1.59-40.17). Those children who did not feed colostrum were associated with a 17.45 times increased risk of underfive deaths compared to colostrum-fed children (AOR =17.45, 95% CI =6.54-46.55).CONCLUSIONThe study suggests that 75 per 1000 live births die before celebrating their fifth birth day. Household size and colostrum feeding are significantly associated factors.RECOMMENDATIONAll concerned should inform the mothers of the role of identified factors such as household size and colostrum feeding in child survival.
Continuous and efficient oil/water separation by special wettability granular filter media
Authors: Hongwei Zhang , Junye Qi , Yinglong Che , Shide Man , Jianlin Liu , Bigui Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To improve the separation efficiency of the oil/water mixture and simplify the separation process, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic quartz sand filter media (PR@QS) was prepared by coating potato residue onto the quartz sand surface, and an oil/water mixture separator containing two horizontally placed filter columns and one inlet chamber was proposed. One filter column was filled with the PR@QS, and the other column was filled with the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic quartz sand filter media. The experimental results showed that the separation efficiencies of five kinds of oil/water mixtures (petroleum ether, engine oil, diesel oil, cyclohexane, and methylene chloride) were up to 99.4%. Except for engine oil, the hydraulic conductivities of the other four oils and water are all greater than 3.5 m/h. When the filter layer is invaded by the lyophobic liquid, its filtration performance can be restored by backwashing. In summary, the separator can separate oil/water mixtures continuously and efficiently without filter contamination. Therefore, it has a broad prospect for practical application.
Tissue Drug Concentration
Authors: Fagiolino Pietro , Vázquez Marta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Blood flow enables the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the different tissues of the human body. Drugs follow the same route as oxygen and nutrients; thus, drug concentrations in tissues are highly dependent on the blood flow fraction delivered to each of these tissues.
Although the free drug concentration in blood is considered to correlate with pharmacodynamics, the pharmacodynamics of a drug is actually primarily commanded by the concentrations of drug in the aqueous spaces of bodily tissues. However, the concentrations of drug are not homogeneous throughout the tissues, and they rarely reflect the free drug concentration in the blood. This heterogeneity is due to differences in the blood flow fraction delivered to the tissues and also due to membrane transporters, efflux pumps, and metabolic enzymes. The rate of drug elimination from the body (systemic elimination) depends more on the driving force of drug elimination than on the free concentration of drug at the site from which the drug is being eliminated. In fact, the actual free drug concentration in the tissues results from the balance between the input and output rates. In the present paper, we develop a theoretical concept regarding solute partition between intravascular and extravascular spaces; discuss experimental research on aqueous/non-aqueous solute partitioning and clinical research on microdialysis; and present hypotheses to predict in-vivo elimination using parameters of in-vitro metabolism.
Male Reproductive Dysfunction and Pharmacological Action of Curcumin:
A Concise Review
Authors: Rotimi Damilare E. , Kayode Omowumi T. , Adeyemi Oluyomi S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Male reproductive dysfunctions are the results of the malfunctioning of one or more of these cellular components due to several factors among which are exposure to heavy metals, reactive oxygen species, smoking and alcohol, genital infection, lifestyle, hormonal disorders, and unhealthy diet. However, it has been widely reported that curcumin possesses pharmacological potential which could ameliorate the effects of these factors on male reproductive dysfunctions.

Introduction:
This review discusses the pharmacological activities of curcumin about its ameliorating effects on male reproductive dysfunction especially on induced sperm disorders, steroidogenic toxicity, immune-regulatory activity, apoptotic toxicity, and oxidative toxicity, along with their possible mechanisms on male reproductive dysfunction.

Method:
The terms such as "Curcumin" together with "testis", "sperm", " male reproductive function", and "testosterone" were searched on Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus. Relevant literature was also assessed.

Result:
Curcumin mitigated the adverse effects on hormone levels, cellular apoptotic activity, oxidative stress, and histopathological damages. Curcumin also inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, increased semen quality, sperm motility, and concentration, and restored the IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 level in the reproductive tissues. Furthermore, curcumin has been shown to increase mRNA, cytoplasmic Bcl-2, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD and Nrf2 expression, ɣ-GCS, and GSH-Px levels, the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and to reduce levels of LDH-x, and LDH activities.

Conclusion:
Curcumin exerts pharmacological activities which improved the male reproductive functions as it pinpoints how curcumin affects various testicular processes. This will be imperative as a measure to enhance male fertility.
Differential Gene Expression in Cancer: An Overrated Analysis?
Authors: Carballido Jessica , Cecchini Rocío 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The search for marker genes associated with different pathologies traditionally begins with
some form of differential expression analysis. This step is essential in most functional genomics' works
that analyze gene expression data. In the present article, we present a different analysis, starting from
the known biological significance of different groups of genes and then assessing the proportion of differentially
expressed genes. The analysis is performed in the context of cancer expression data to unveil
the true importance of differential expression, approaching it from different research objectives. Firstly,
it was seen that the percentage of differentially expressed genes is generally low concerning gene sets
annotated in KEGG. On the other hand, it was observed that in the training and prediction process of
both statistical and machine learning models, the fact of using differentially expressed genes sustainably
improves their results.
The Synergistic Anti-colon Cancer Effect of Aurora A Inhibitors and AKT Inhibitors
Through PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Lü Yanfeng , Sun Zhenqing , Sun Cheng , Qu Zhen , Liu Weilin , Qiu Zhigang 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Both AKT and Aurora inhibitors are a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant
tumors. However, the role of combined inhibition of AKT and Aurora in colon cancer and its underlying mechanism
have yet to be fully investigated.

Objective:
To investigate the role of combined AKT and Aurora inhibitors in colon cancer and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the proliferation and
apoptosis of colon cancer cell line SW480 treated with combined AKT inhibitor MK2206 and Aurora inhibitor Alisertib,
respectively. And tumor formation and growth were measured in tumor allograft model mice administered with the
combined inhibitors. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and
signal transduction pathway components. The PI3K agonist 740Y-P and Overexpression of AKT are used to verify
whether the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an anti-tumor effect when combined with inhibitory administration.

Results:
Aurora A inhibitor Alisertib and AKT inhibitor MK2206 displayed consistent and synergistic antiproliferation
and proapoptotic effects. Combined inhibition of Aurora A and AKT down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and
up-regulated the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. While single-drug treatment can significantly
inhibit the expression of P-PI3K and P-AKT as well as increase the expression of P53 and H2A.X, the combined drugs
had a more significant inhibitory effect than the single drug. Moreover, administration of PI3K agonist 740Y-P and
AKT1 overexpression in experiments proved that the combined drugs exert an anticancer effect by inhibiting the
PI3K/AKT pathway. Meanwhile, we showed that the combined administration had an anti-colon cancer effect on tumor
allograft mice, and the underlying mechanism involved inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion:
Combined administration of Aurora A inhibitor Alisertib and AKT inhibitor MK2206 can inhibit the
proliferation of colon cancer cells and induce apoptosis, while inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. The underlying mechanism
may involve the PI3K/AKT pathway and DNA damage pathway.
A New Natural Antimycotic Agent is Effective Against Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: The VIPROCAN Study
Authors: Carrión-Navarro Josefa , Argüelles Alejandra , Martínez-Gimeno María Lara , Lozada Alejandro Tovar , Ayuso-Sacido Angel , Belda-Iniesta Cristobal , Arnás-Rodríguez Mercedes , García-Romero Noemí 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The incidence of community and nosocomial candidiasis has dramatically increased in the last two decades. There are multiple treatments for this infection, but the toxicity of some and the induction of resistant strains require the development of new compounds.

Objectives:
With the aim of reducing the Candida population in the oropharyngeal cavity, we have formulated a toothpaste with VG-01 agent, composed of a mixture of carnosic acid (CA) and propolis (PP).

Methods:
We investigated the ability of VG-01 toothpaste to minimize and stabilize fungal presence in 21 patients diagnosed with clinical oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Results:
Our data indicate that VG-01 toothpaste showed an effect not only against the most frequent species of Candida, C. albicans, but also in the other species analyzed. 82% of patients stated that they would continue using it outside the study.

Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate that VG-01, composed of CA and PP is a potential antimycotic agent effective against the most common species that cause oropharyngeal candidiasis present in clinical practice.
Online Video Teletherapy Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Exposure and Response Prevention: Clinical Outcomes From a Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Feusner Jamie D , Farrell Nicholas R , Kreyling Jeremy , McGrath Patrick B , Rhode Andreas , Faneuff Ted , Lonsway Stephanie , Mohideen Reza , Jurich John E , Trusky Larry , Smith Stephen M 
Published: April 2022

Background
Exposure and response prevention, a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy, is an effective first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite extensive evidence of the efficacy of exposure and response prevention (ERP) from clinical studies and in real-world samples, it is still underused as a treatment. This is likely due to the limits to access to care that include the availability of adequately trained therapists, as well as geographical location, time, and cost barriers. To address these, NOCD created a digital behavioral health treatment for OCD using ERP delivered via video teletherapy and with technology-assisted elements including app-based therapy tools and between-session therapist messaging.

Objective
We examined treatment outcomes in a large naturalistic sample of 3552 adults with a primary OCD diagnosis who received NOCD treatment.

Methods
The treatment model consisted of twice-weekly, live, face-to-face video teletherapy ERP for 3 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of once-weekly brief video teletherapy check-ins for 30 minutes. Assessments were conducted at baseline, at midpoint after completion of 3 weeks of twice-weekly sessions, and at the end of 6 weeks of brief check-ins (endpoint). Longitudinal assessments were also obtained at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after endpoint.

Results
Treatment resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements, with a 43.4% mean reduction in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (g=1.0; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.03) and a 62.9% response rate. Treatment also resulted in a 44.2% mean reduction in depression, a 47.8% mean reduction in anxiety, and a 37.3% mean reduction in stress symptoms. Quality of life improved by a mean of 22.7%. Reduction in OCD symptoms and response rates were similar for those with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. The mean duration of treatment was 11.5 (SD 4.0) weeks, and the mean total therapist time was 10.6 (SD 1.1) hours. Improvements were maintained at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Conclusions
In this sample, representing the largest reported treated cohort of patients with OCD to date, video teletherapy treatment demonstrated effectiveness in reducing obsessive-compulsive and comorbid symptoms and improved quality of life. Further, it achieved meaningful results in less than half the total therapist time compared with standard once-weekly outpatient treatment, an efficiency that represents substantial monetary and time savings. The effect size was large and similar to studies of in-person ERP. This technology-assisted remote treatment is readily accessible for patients, offering an advancement in the field in the dissemination of effective evidence-based care for OCD.
Misinformation About the Human Gut Microbiome in YouTube Videos: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chidambaram Swathikan , Maheswaran Yathukulan , Chan Calvin , Hanna Lydia , Ashrafian Hutan , Markar Sheraz R , Sounderajah Viknesh , Alverdy John C , Darzi Ara 
Published: April 2022

Background
Social media platforms such as YouTube are integral tools for disseminating information about health and wellness to the public. However, anecdotal reports have cited that the human gut microbiome has been a particular focus of dubious, misleading, and, on occasion, harmful media content. Despite these claims, there have been no published studies investigating this phenomenon within popular social media platforms.

Objective
The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the content in YouTube videos related to the human gut microbiome and (2) investigate the correlation between content engagement metrics and video quality, as defined by validated criteria.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, videos about the human gut microbiome were searched for on the United Kingdom version of YouTube on September 20, 2021. The 600 most-viewed videos were extracted and screened for relevance. The contents and characteristics of the videos were extracted and independently rated using the DISCERN quality criteria by 2 researchers.

Results
Overall, 319 videos accounting for 62,354,628 views were included. Of the 319 videos, 73.4% (n=234) were produced in North America and 78.7% (n=251) were uploaded between 2019 and 2021. A total of 41.1% (131/319) of videos were produced by nonprofit organizations. Of the videos, 16.3% (52/319) included an advertisement for a product or promoted a health-related intervention for financial purposes. Videos by nonmedical education creators had the highest total and preferred viewership. Daily viewership was the highest for videos by internet media sources. The average DISCERN and Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct scores were 49.5 (SE 0.68) out of 80 and 5.05 (SE 2.52) out of 8, respectively. DISCERN scores for videos by medical professionals (mean 53.2, SE 0.17) were significantly higher than for videos by independent content creators (mean 39.1, SE 5.58; P<.001). Videos including promotional materials had significantly lower DISCERN scores than videos without any advertisements or product promotion (P<.001). There was no correlation between DISCERN scores and total viewership, daily viewership, or preferred viewership (number of likes).

Conclusions
The overall quality and reliability of information about the human gut microbiome on YouTube is generally poor. Moreover, there was no correlation between the quality of a video and the level of public engagement. The significant disconnect between reliable sources of information and the public suggests that there is an immediate need for cross-sector initiatives to safeguard vulnerable viewers from the potentially harmful effects of misinformation.
Pengaruh Readmisi Terhadap Biaya pada Pasien PPOK Eksaserbasi Akut dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya
Authors: Hardiyanti Trirahmi , Yasin Nanang Munif , Andayani Tri Murti 
Published: April 2022

Peningkatan beban ekonomi pada Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) tidak terlepas dari adanya pengaruh readmisi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan seperti lama rawat inap, komorbid, dan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan lama rawat inap, komorbid, dan pekerjaan dengan readmisi serta mengetahui pengaruh readmisi terhadap biaya pada pasien PPOK eksaserbasi akut di Rumah Sakit Paru Respira Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data diambil secara retrospektif melalui rekam medik dan data dari bagian keuangan yang berisi biaya perawatan pasien rawat inap PPOK eksaserbasi akut di RS Paru Respira Yogyakarta periode 1 Januari 2014 sampai 31 Desember 2019. Data readmisi diperoleh dari rekam medik, diamati dalam kurun waktu satu sampai tiga tahun setelah pasien dilakukan rawat inap. Analisis biaya dilakukan dari perspektif rumah sakit meliputi biaya medis langsung, yaitu biaya kamar, biaya keperawatan, biaya jasa pelayanan medik, biaya tindakan non medik, biaya penunjang medik, dan biaya obat serta barang medik. Analisis faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan readmisi dan seberapa besar pengaruh frekuensi readmisi terhadap biaya menggunakan uji Chis-square dan Mann-whitney. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 100 pasien dengan 74 pasien tanpa readmisi dan 26 pasien readmisi. Karakteristik pasien yang dominan meliputi berusia ≥ 66 tahun; berjenis kelamin laki-laki; memiliki lama rawat inap < 4 hari; memiliki komorbid ≥ 1; bekerja sebagai petani, buruh, dan pekerja swasta; dan anggota program BPJS kelas tiga. Sekitar 26% pasien readmisi dengan frekuensi readmisi 1-2 kali selama satu tahun. Biaya rata-rata terapi tiap pasien PPOK rawat inap readmisi dan tanpa readmisi yaitu Rp3.056.551 dan Rp2.829.114. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lama rawat inap berhubungan dengan readmisi pasien PPOK eksaserbasi akut (p = 0,004). Readmisi mempengaruhi biaya pasien PPOK eksaserbasi akut. Biaya tindakan non medis adalah biaya yang paling berpengaruh (p = 0,005).
Pengembangan Media Edukasi Berbasis Video Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dan Penggunaan Multivitamin Untuk SMK Kesehatan di Yogyakarta
Authors: Sutjipto S. Ch. Ari Widiastuti , Wijoyo Yosef , Priyatni W. Nunung 
Published: April 2022

Pemberian edukasi kesehatan dengan tema perilaku bersih dan sehat (PHBS) serta penggunaan multivitamin dengan baik melalui media video, akan memberikan manfaat yang sangat besar pada proses belajar mengajar di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) interaksi media edukasi berbasis video yang bertemakan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) serta penggunaan multivitamin, 2) Mengungkapkan media edukasi berbasis video perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) dan multivitamin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan, yang dilakukan dengan pengembangan media berbasis video edukasi. Prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran dilakukan melalui : 1) Tahap studi pendahuluan antara lain studi literatur dan studi lapangan, 2) Tahap pengembangan dilakukan dengan pembuatan draft desain model atau perancangan yang dibagi menjadi 3 bagian diantaranya a) menyusun materi, b) membuat naskah dan menyiapkan storyboard , c) pengambilan video dan editing video. Selanjutnya penilaian oleh para ahli atau pakar materi, media dan ujicoba terbatas untuk menilai kelaykan media yang dibuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tersusunnya media edukasi berbasis video dengan tema perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) serta penggunaan multivitamin berdasarkan berdasarkan penilaian ahli media diperoleh prosentase sebesar 77,50%, ahli materi diperoleh prosentase sebesar 85,50% dan hasil ujicoba terbatas diperoleh prosentase sebesar 81,07%. Media video edukasi PHBS dan multivitamin termasuk kategori sangat layak