bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic interleukin‐1 receptor type 1 signalling regulates insulin sensitivity in the early phases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Gehrke Nadine , Hofmann Lea J. , Straub Beate K. , Rühle Frank , Waisman Ari , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic as well as systemic insulin resistance even in the absence of type 2 diabetes. The extent and pathways through which hepatic inflammation modulates insulin sensitivity in NAFLD are only partially understood. We explored the contribution of hepatic interleukin (IL)‐1 signalling in a novel conditional knockout mouse model and expand the knowledge on this signalling pathway with regard to its liver‐specific functions.MethodsA high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate diet (HFD) over 12 weeks was used in male hepatocyte‐specific IL‐1 receptor type 1 (IL‐1R1) knockout mice (Il1r1Hep−/–) and wild‐type (WT) littermates.ResultsBoth genotypes developed an obese phenotype and accompanying macrovesicular hepatic steatosis. In contrast to WT mice, microvesicular steatosis and ballooning injury was less pronounced in HFD‐fed Il1r1Hep−/– mice, and alanine aminotransferase remained in the normal range. This was paralleled by the suppression of injurious and proinflammatory hepatic c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases signalling, stable peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1alpha and farnesoid X receptor‐alpha expression and preservation of mitochondrial function. Strikingly, despite HFD‐feeding Il1r1Hep−/– mice remained highly insulin sensitive as indicated by lower insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, higher glucose tolerance, more stable hepatic insulin signalling cascade, and less adipose tissue inflammation compared to the WT.ConclusionsThe current data highlights that hepatocyte IL‐1R1 contributes to hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance. Future liver‐directed therapies in NAFLD could have effects on insulin sensitivity when improving hepatic inflammation and IL‐1R1 signalling.
Is there a common latent cognitive construct for dementia estimation across two Chinese cohorts?
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Wu Yanjuan , Cai Jingheng , Huang Yun , Chen Yuntao , Venkatraman Tishya M. , Lobanov‐Rostovsky Sophia , Bandosz Piotr , Yang Yung‐Jen , Wu Yu‐Tzu , Liao Jing , Hao Yuantao , Brunner Eric J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt is valuable to identify common latent cognitive constructs for dementia prevalence estimation across Chinese aging cohorts.MethodsBased on cognitive measures of 12015 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS; 13 items) and 6623 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 9 items) participants aged 65 to 99 in 2018, confirmatory factor analysis was applied to identify latent cognitive constructs, and to estimate dementia prevalence compared to Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and nationwide estimates of the literature.ResultsA common three‐factor cognitive construct of orientation, memory, and executive function and language was found for both cohorts with adequate model fits. Crude dementia prevalence estimated by factor scores was similar to MMSE in CLHLS, and was more reliable in CHARLS. Age‐standardized dementia estimates of CLHLS were lower than CHARLS among those aged 70+, which were close to the nationwide prevalence reported by the COAST study and Global Burden of Disease.DiscussionWe verified common three‐factor cognitive constructs for both cohorts, providing an approach to estimate dementia prevalence at the national level.Highlights
Common three‐factor cognitive constructs were identified in Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
Crude dementia estimates using factor scores were reliable in both cohorts.
Estimates of CHARLS were close to current evidence, but higher than that of CLHLS.
Medicare's Annual Wellness Visit and diagnoses of dementias and cognitive impairment
Authors: Thunell Johanna A. , Jacobson Mireille , Joe Elizabeth B. , Zissimopoulos Julie M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarly detection of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias allows clinicians and patients to prepare for future needs and identify treatment options. Medicare's Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) requires detection of cognitive impairment and may increase dementia diagnosis. We estimated the relationship between AWV receipt and incident dementia.MethodsUsing a retrospective cohort of Medicare Fee‐For‐Service (FFS) beneficiaries enrolled for at least 3 years from 2009 to 2016 and two‐stage least squares, we quantified the relationship between AWV and incident diagnosis of cognitive impairment/dementia, and by race/ethnicity. The county‐level change in percent of beneficiaries receiving AWVs was used as an instrumental variable to account for unobserved factors associated with individuals’ AWV receipt and diagnosis. Sample included 3,333,617 beneficiaries ages 67 years and older, without dementia at the beginning of the study.ResultsBeneficiaries included 2,713,573 White, 251,958 Black, 196,845 Hispanic, 95,719 Asian, 11,727 American Indian/Alaska Native, and 63,795 of other race/ethnicity. Using ordinary least squares, dementia incidence was ‐0.79 percentage points (95% CI ‐0.81 to ‐0.76) lower for persons receiving an AWV compared to no AWV. Using instrumental variables reversed the direction of the effect: AWV receipt increased dementia diagnoses by 0.47 percentage points (95% CI 0.14 to 0.80), 15% over baseline. AWVs increased diagnoses 2.0 percentage points (95% CI 0.05 to 3.94) among Blacks, 0.40 percentage points (95% CI 0.05 to 0.75) among Whites, but est were imprecise for Hispanics and Asians.DiscussionIncreasing AWV take‐up and supporting physicians’ performance of cognitive assessment may further improve dementia detection in the population and among groups at higher risk of undiagnosed dementia.
Leaf litter decomposition and its drivers differ between an invasive and a native plant: Management implications
Authors: Cheng Cai , Liu Zixia , Zhang Youzheng , He Qiang , Li Bo , Wu Jihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLitter decomposition is a key process of the carbon cycle in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The dominant conceptual model of litter decomposition assumes that environmental conditions, litter traits, and decomposer composition control litter decomposition in a decreasing order, yet whether this hierarchical model applies to both invasive and native plant species is unknown. Here, by comparing a widespread invasive plant and its native counterpart in Chinese coastal saltmarshes, we aimed to examine whether the hierarchy of factors controlling litter decomposition varies with plant species in the face of plant invasions. Leaf litter of invasive Spartina alterniflora and native Phragmites australis was collected across an 18° latitudinal range to capture wide variation in litter traits. These leaf litter samples were transported to three saltmarsh sites of different latitudes and were incubated in litterbags varying in mesh size (0.1, 2, and 5 mm) to manipulate decomposer composition. After 90‐day incubation, we found a parallel latitudinal pattern in leaf litter decomposition rate (k) between S. alterniflora and P. australis regardless of saltmarsh site and mesh size. Nonetheless, the k value of S. alterniflora was 2.2‐fold higher than that of P. australis. Moreover, there was a shift in the hierarchy of factors controlling k values between S. alterniflora and P. australis: environmental conditions (climate and soil) dominated other factors in P. australis, whereas litter traits contributed more than environmental conditions in S. alterniflora. Overall, our findings show that leaf litter decomposition and its dominant controlling factors across broad geographical ranges can vary with plant invasions, having important implications for managing invasive plants in the context of conserving coastal blue carbon.
Does perception of female cues modulate male short‐term fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster?
Authors: Corbel Quentin , Londoño‐Nieto Claudia , Carazo Pau 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity in reproductive behavior can be a strong driver of individual fitness. In species with high intra‐sexual competition, changes in socio‐sexual context can trigger quick adaptive plastic responses in males. In particular, a recent study in the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) shows that males derive net fitness benefits from being shortly exposed to female cues ahead of access to mating (termed sexual perception), but the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we investigated the short‐term effects of female perception on male pre‐ and post‐copulatory components of reproductive performance: (a) mating success, (b) mating latency and duration, (c) sperm competitiveness, and (d) ejaculate effects on female receptivity and reproductive rate. We found that brief sexual perception increased mating duration, but had no effect on the other main pre‐ and post‐copulatory fitness proxies recorded. This suggests that perception of female cues may not yield net fitness benefits for males in the short‐term, but we discuss alternative explanations and future avenues of research.
Precipitation, vegetation productivity, and human impacts control home range size of elephants in dryland systems in northern Namibia
Authors: Benitez Lorena , Kilian J. Werner , Wittemyer George , Hughey Lacey F. , Fleming Chris H. , Leimgruber Peter , du Preez Pierre , Stabach Jared A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimatic variability, resource availability, and anthropogenic impacts heavily influence an animal's home range. This makes home range size an effective metric for understanding how variation in environmental factors alter the behavior and spatial distribution of animals. In this study, we estimated home range size of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) across four sites in Namibia, along a gradient of precipitation and human impact, and investigated how these gradients influence the home range size on regional and site scales. Additionally, we estimated the time individuals spent within protected area boundaries. The mean 50% autocorrelated kernel density estimate for home range was 2200 km2 [95% CI:1500–3100 km2]. Regionally, precipitation and vegetation were the strongest predictors of home range size, accounting for a combined 53% of observed variation. However, different environmental covariates explained home range variation at each site. Precipitation predicted most variation (up to 74%) in home range sizes (n = 66) in the drier western sites, while human impacts explained 71% of the variation in home range sizes (n = 10) in Namibia's portion of the Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. Elephants in all study areas maintained high fidelity to protected areas, spending an average of 85% of time tracked on protected lands. These results suggest that while most elephant space use in Namibia is driven by natural dynamics, some elephants are experiencing changes in space use due to human modification.
Association between periodontitis and heart failure in the general population
Authors: Walther Carolin , Wenzel Jan‐Per , Schnabel Renate B. , Heydecke Guido , Seedorf Udo , Beikler Thomas , Borof Katrin , Nikorowitsch Julius , Schrage Benedikt , Blankenberg Stefan , Twerenbold Raphael , Zeller Tanja , Magnussen Christina , Aarabi Ghazal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsData on the association between periodontitis and preclinical cardiac alterations remain scarce. The aim of the current study is to determine if periodontitis is associated with morphological and functional cardiac changes measured by transthoracic echocardiography as well as different heart failure (HF) phenotypes.MethodsParticipants from the population‐based Hamburg City Health Study [ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03934957)], who underwent transthoracic echocardiography and periodontal screening were included. Periodontitis was classified according to Eke and Page (none/mild, moderate, severe). The 2021 ESC HF guidelines were applied and HF was classified into HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, ejection fraction ≥50%), HF with mid‐range and reduced ejection fraction [HF(m)rEF, ejection fraction <50%], and HF in general [HFpEF and HF(m)rEF]. Due to limited size, all subjects with LVEF <50% and symptoms or signs of HF were classified as HF with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction [HF(m)rEF].ResultsWithin 6209 participants with full periodontal examination, we identified an overlap of n = 167 participants with periodontitis and HF. Participants with severe periodontitis showed a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors (men at advanced age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension) when compared with participants with none/mild periodontitis. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease, severe periodontitis was significantly associated with HF(m)rEF (odds ratio: 3.16; 95% CI: 1.21, 8.22; P = 0.019), although no association was found for HFpEF and HF in general.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with HF(m)rEF, although no relevant associations were found with HFpEF and HF in general as well as echocardiographic variables. The results implicate a potential target group, who need special attention from cooperating physicians and dentists. Future studies are warranted to verify whether systemic inflammation could be the link between the two diseases.
Chemical Evolution in Solutions of Ir Complex [H(dmso)2]2[IrCl6]. Structures of [H(dmso)2]2[IrCl6], [H(dmso)][IrCl4(dmso)2], [Me2SCH2C(O)Me][IrCl4(dmso)2], [Me2SCH2C(O)Me]2[IrCl6] and Its Os Analogue
Authors: Rudnitskaya Olga V. , Tereshina Tatiana A. , Dobrokhotova Ekaterina V. , Kultyshkina Ekaterina K. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Chumakova Natalia A. , Kokorin Alexander I. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Khrustalev Victor N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn iridium complex [H(dmso)2]2[IrCl6] (1) is synthesized via the reaction of H2IrCl6 with DMSO in an acetone solution. The substance is thoroughly characterized using UV‐Vis, ATR‐FTIR, NMR, and EPR spectroscopies, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. Iridium undergoes a slow spontaneous reduction to the chemical state +3 when solutions of 1 in water, hydrochloric acid, or acetone (CIr=n ⋅ 10−2−n ⋅ 10−4 M) are allowed to age in ambience. In the case of acetone solutions, the reduction is accompanied by the incorporation of DMSO molecules into the coordination sphere of Ir giving rise to trans‐[IrIIICl4(dmso)2]−. In parallel, protonated DMSO shows reactivity towards acetone to afford dimethylacetonylsulfonium cations. Red crystals of [Me2SCH2C(O)Me]2[IrCl6] (2), orange crystals of [Me2SCH2C(O)Me][IrCl4(dmso)2] (3), and yellow crystals of [H(dmso)][IrCl4(dmso)2] (4) were isolated from aged acetone solutions of 1 and studied by X‐ray crystallography. In the crystal structures of 2 and 3, dimethylacetonylsulfonium act as the cationic parts of the complexes. Meanwhile, the protonated form of DMSO, hydroxy(dimethyl)sulfonium, is found in 4. A similar aging procedure applied to an acetone solution of Os‐based analogue [H(dmso)2]2[OsCl6] afforded a novel osmium complex [Me2SCH2C(O)Me]2[OsCl6] (5), which was proven to be isostructural to 2.
Quantifying the long‐term slip rate of Liupan Shan thrust fault through the low‐temperature thermochronology
Authors: Liu Fangbin , Cai Shun 
Published: September 2022

Liupan Shan thrust fault (LPSF), one of the outmost boundaries of the NE Tibetan Plateau, is crucial for understanding the dynamics of the outward and upward growth of the plateau. However, little is known about the long‐term (~10‐Myr timescale) fault‐slip history along the LPSF. Here we estimate the kinematic process of the LPSF using the 2‐D thermal history and 3‐D thermo‐kinematic modellings which are constrained by previously published apatite fission‐track thermochronological data. Inverse modellings confirm previous findings that the Cenozoic uplift in Liupan Shan initiated in the Late Miocene, which was controlled by thrusting of the LPSF. In addition, we also constrain the geometry of the thrust as being steep (54°) at the surface, consistent with field observations and seismic reflection data. Thrusting motion on the fault shows an average long‐term slip rate of ~0.54 km/Myr, yielding a total of ~4.7 km exhumation and ~3.4 km crustal shortening. Together with previous results show that the Late Miocene deformation is not only by local but also regional events driven by the India‐Asia collision.
Early effect of thrombolysis on structural brain network organisation after anterior‐circulation stroke in the randomized WAKE‐UP trial
Authors: Schlemm Eckhard , Jensen Märit , Kuceyeski Amy , Jamison Keith , Ingwersen Thies , Mayer Carola , Königsberg Alina , Boutitie Florent , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Fiehler Jens , Galinovic Ivana , Lemmens Robin , Muir Keith W. , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Puig Josep , Simonsen Claus Z. , Thijs Vincent , Wouters Anke , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe symptoms of acute ischemic stroke can be attributed to disruption of the brain network architecture. Systemic thrombolysis is an effective treatment that preserves structural connectivity in the first days after the event. Its effect on the evolution of global network organisation is, however, not well understood. We present a secondary analysis of 269 patients from the randomized WAKE‐UP trial, comparing 127 imaging‐selected patients treated with alteplase with 142 controls who received placebo. We used indirect network mapping to quantify the impact of ischemic lesions on structural brain network organisation in terms of both global parameters of segregation and integration, and local disruption of individual connections. Network damage was estimated before randomization and again 22 to 36 h after administration of either alteplase or placebo. Evolution of structural network organisation was characterised by a loss in integration and gain in segregation, and this trajectory was attenuated by the administration of alteplase. Preserved brain network organization was associated with excellent functional outcome. Furthermore, the protective effect of alteplase was spatio‐topologically nonuniform, concentrating on a subnetwork of high centrality supported in the salvageable white matter surrounding the ischemic cores. This interplay between the location of the lesion, the pathophysiology of the ischemic penumbra, and the spatial embedding of the brain network explains the observed potential of thrombolysis to attenuate topological network damage early after stroke. Our findings might, in the future, lead to new brain network‐informed imaging biomarkers and improved prognostication in ischemic stroke.
The alcohol industry—A commercial determinant of poor health for Rainbow communities
Authors: Adams Jeffery , Asiasiga Lanuola , Neville Stephen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use is an area of challenge for health promotion internationally. The alcohol industry operates as a key commercial determinant of health in that its actions contribute to alcohol misuse, resulting in a range of health and social harms to individuals, families and communities. Rainbow people (including those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or gender diverse) are one group experiencing considerable harm from alcohol use.MethodsData from 24 focus groups involving 131 people held in six cities in New Zealand during 2018, were used to explore local understandings of the ways in which the alcohol industry operates as a commercial determinant of health for Rainbow communities. The focus group discussions were analysed thematically.ResultsThree key themes were identified. First, the alcohol industry was identified as present in the ‘everyday’, through targeted alcohol promotion to Rainbow people, and due to the centrality of bars to their social and cultural landscapes. Second, participants recognised the benefits of alcohol industry support for Rainbow communities. Last, an opposing view was articulated, with the alcohol industry and its commercial activities viewed negatively.ConclusionsThese findings highlight that alcohol as a commodity and the alcohol industry are successfully and firmly embedded within Rainbow communities. Overall, given alcohol is widely regarded in a positive way, this is likely to create difficulties for health promotion efforts to reduce alcohol related harm in these communities.
Does economic complexity influence environmental performance? Empirical evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Lee Chien‐Chiang , Olasehinde‐Williams Godwin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental degradation is a major challenge facing the world. Our view is that a country's productive structure, reflected through its knowledge content and technical capabilities (economic complexity), is strongly correlated with its environmental performance. To empirically confirm this view, the link between economic complexity and environmental performance in member countries of the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) was examined within a modified version of the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model incorporating two alternative measures of economic complexity. The model was estimated using the fixed effects extension proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (DK‐FE) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation techniques. Granger causality testing in frequency domain was also employed to examine country‐specific relationships. The sample period extended from 2007 to 2016. The study findings provided reliable empirical justification for our position. The coefficients for economic complexity in the long‐run estimations revealed that economic complexity positively impacted on environmental performance in the OECD countries. Granger causality outcomes also indicated economic complexity as a meaningful predictor of environmental performance in most of the OECD countries.
Automatic semantic segmentation for dental restorations in panoramic radiography images using U‐Net model
Authors: Oztekin Faruk , Katar Oguzhan , Sadak Ferhat , Aydogan Murat , Yildirim Tuba Talo , Plawiak Pawel , Yildirim Ozal , Talo Muhammed , Karabatak Murat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe automated segmentation of dental restorations is a critical step in diagnosing dental problems and suggesting the best treatment. Some restorations may be missed during a dental examination, depending on the number of patients, the dentist's experience, and fatigue. Automatic detection of dental restorations based on deep learning has the potential to provide a quick radiological assessment based on the patient's treatment history and pre‐diagnosis. This study presents a deep learning‐based method for automatic detection and classification of amalgam and composite fillings on panoramic images. A total of 250 anonymized panoramic images with amalgam and composite fillings with a resolution of 2048 × 1024 px were used. In this study, U‐Net models with various backbones were employed. The ResNext50 model has achieved the highest pixel accuracy and intersection over union (IoU) performance based on the evaluation of various ResNet and ResNext backbones. The mean IoU value obtained by the model on the test images is 0.767 while the Pixel Accuracy of 99.81% was achieved. Our proposed method demonstrated superior performance compared to similarly conducted studies in the literature. The proposed method can potentially be employed in clinical settings to detect dental restorations automatically. The classification and detection of dental restorations with this model can aid dentistry education at higher institutions as an education tool and make the reporting easier for the dentist.