bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SRRM2 organizes splicing condensates to regulate alternative splicing
Authors: Xu Shaohai , Lai Soak-Kuan , Sim Donald Yuhui , Ang Warren Shou Leong , Li Hoi Yeung , Roca Xavier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSRRM2 is a nuclear-speckle marker containing multiple disordered domains, whose dysfunction is associated with several human diseases. Using mainly EGFP-SRRM2 knock-in HEK293T cells, we show that SRRM2 forms biomolecular condensates satisfying most hallmarks of liquid-liquid phase separation, including spherical shape, dynamic rearrangement, coalescence, and concentration dependence supported by in vitro experiments. Live-cell imaging shows that SRRM2 organizes nuclear speckles along the cell cycle. As bona-fide splicing factor present in spliceosome structures, SRRM2 deficiency induces skipping of cassette exons with short introns and weak splice sites, tending to change large protein domains. In THP-1 myeloid-like cells, SRRM2 depletion compromises cell viability, upregulates differentiation markers, and sensitizes cells to anti-leukemia drugs. SRRM2 induces a FES splice isoform that attenuates innate inflammatory responses, and MUC1 isoforms that undergo shedding with oncogenic properties. We conclude that SRRM2 acts as a scaffold to organize nuclear speckles, regulating alternative splicing in innate immunity and cell homeostasis.
Transformational contribution of technology to studio culture: experience of an online first-year architecture design studio during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hassanpour Badiossadat 
Published: July 2022

PurposeDesign studios experienced an unprecedented contribution of technology when it came to organizing studios online, as imposed by COVID-19, which requires exploration of its impacts on the main metaphors of education, learning dimensions, and undoubtedly studio culture.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explore the impacts on the key dimensions of learning, a careful investigation was carried out from organizational, instructional, and learner points of view. The investigation utilized thematic analysis of records of pedagogical actions, as well as online communications, performance, and questionnaire responses of students to infer the conclusions. The freshmen architecture students were found to be an important group for study since they had no previous experiences in on-site design studios and will continue their education based on their first-year experiences.FindingsExploration of indicators—including reflective dialogue, retention, transfer of learned information to decisions, processing feedback as an investment in future performance, and self-regulation—as major contributors to design learning revealed that first-year students exhibited strong presence and interaction during online studio, and students' individuality influenced the teaching environment in terms of content and process. Hence, sense of belonging, which is a revamped feature of authentic context and studio culture, expands toward fortification of bottom-up educational frontiers.Originality/valueDeveloping pedagogies with no concern for the unprecedented impacts of the transformative role of technology on fundamental layers of design education will adversely influence students' chances of personal and professional success. The findings in this paper, regarding the transformational impacts of technology on design studio culture, follow investigation of the direction it has led current and can lead future design education. The study provides unique support for crystalizing new teaching and learning opportunities and pedagogical developments.
The experience of loneliness among school principals: episodic loneliness versus persistent day-to-day loneliness
Authors: Dor-Haim Peleg 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study explored the different manifestations that school principals attribute to their sense of loneliness, with reference to their career seniority. The study posed two questions: (1) what are the various interpretations that school principals attribute to their sense of loneliness, in regard to the way in which it is manifested in various contexts? and (2) what do school principals note as the reasons for their feelings of loneliness?Design/methodology/approachBased on 22 semi-structured interviews with Israeli school principals, two distinctive themes of loneliness expressions were found.FindingsTwo distinctive themes of loneliness expressions were found: (1) episodic loneliness, which includes three categories: a sense of alienation, loneliness resulting from conflicts and lack of support from superiors, and (2) persistent experiences of loneliness, which included three categories: loneliness associated with an exclusive sense of responsibility for what happens at school, a feeling that the principals' experience cannot be understood and being alone in a sense of commitment to tasks.Originality/valueDespite the importance of studying loneliness in the workplace, this issue has received little research attention in the context of employees in educational systems in general and school principals in particular. Studying loneliness among school principals is of great importance due to the contention that schools' organizational structure may encourage the experience of loneliness.
Hospital-based ambulatory clinic adoption of video and telephone visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a convergent mixed-methods study
Authors: Stamenova Vess , Budhwani Suman , Soobiah Charlene , Fujioka Jamie , Khan Rumaisa , Liu Rebecca , Halperin Ilana , Bhatia R. Sacha , Desveaux Laura 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand virtual care use (e.g. telephone and video visits) during the COVID-19 pandemic across three hospital-based ambulatory clinics (i.e. mental health, renal and respiratory care) and to describe associated patient and provider experiences.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods convergent study was conducted including quantitative electronic medical records data on virtual care use, electronic surveys assessing domains of experience (e.g. satisfaction, acceptance and technology use) among patient and providers and semi-structured interviews exploring the associated barriers and facilitators of virtual care adoption.FindingsVirtual care adoption rates and relative modality use (telephone vs video) varied across specialty clinics. Mental health clinics) showed the greatest use of virtual care and greater use of video over telephone, as compared to renal and respiratory care, where telephone was used almost exclusively. Patients and providers reported an overall good satisfaction and acceptance of virtual care (60–72%) across clinics, but commonly observed barriers (technical problems, behavioral adaptations needed and inequity) persisted. Good value propositions, tech support and the presence of early adopters who can support others in workflow re-design and highlight value propositions of virtual care were listed as adoption facilitators.Originality/valueThe study provides a unique opportunity to compare the rate of virtual care adoption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic across distinct specialties that operate within the same organizational and political setting. This study showed that the nature of the condition (e.g. mental health conditions) and the characteristics of the users (e.g. younger patients) may drive models of care with higher rate of video use. Focusing on removing common barriers, like providing tech support and ensuring equitable access to patients, continues to be important even in the context of high virtual care adoption rates during the pandemic.
Towards a model of entrepreneurial behaviour: an evaluation of the history of Fabergé from 1842 to 2017
Authors: Thompson John L. , Day John 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss how over the past 180 years, a succession of largely unrelated entrepreneurs of differing capabilities have either created or recognised and exploited opportunities offered by this enduring company, their heritage and brand.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data was provided from discussions with Fabergé experts and the new owners of the brand. Extensive secondary data was also used and analysed.

Findings
The original Fabergé creations numbered some 200,000, but their creator is remembered best for 65 unique Imperial (and other) Eggs. Many pieces have survived, although the business disappeared in 1917. Since then, dealers and collectors have intervened symbiotically to protect the brand equity – supported by serendipitous popular cultural interventions – although a series of parallel entrepreneurial but parasitic interventions meant the brand and the original products became separated. This changed in 2007 with new owners acquiring the brand and resurrecting high-end jewellery production with a new business model. Their contemporary journey is both informed and shaped by Fabergé’s tumultuous past.

Research limitations/implications
Reinforces that while a universal theory of entrepreneurship eludes us that these three key elements – opportunity, uncertainty and resources – help explain the related behaviour of a series of different intervening entrepreneurs. This framework is offered for wider use and testing.

Practical implications
Advances the understanding of how entrepreneurs spot and enact opportunity.

Originality/value
Develops a model embracing parasitic and symbiotic interventions in the history of a brand, and a conceptual entrepreneurial model capturing three key elements that explain entrepreneurial behaviour. These being: opportunity seeking and exploitation, addressing uncertainty and deploying appropriate resources.
Prediction of energy balance from milk traits of Holsteins in Japan
Authors: Nishiura Akiko , Sasaki Osamu , Tanigawa Tamako , Kubota Asuka , Takeda Hisato , Saito Yuriko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe predicted the energy balance (EB) of Holstein cows in Japan from milk traits obtained by herd testing. Records covered 156 lactations of 102 cows. The number of artificial inseminations was highest, and the first conception rate was lowest in the low‐EB group. Four prediction models were developed—for the whole lactation and for the early, middle, and late stages of lactation—with 20 variables, covering days in milk (DIM), milk yield, and milk composition traits. The actual and predicted EB means agreed well within DIM classes; the means of the residuals were smaller in the lactation stage models than in the all‐lactation model, but the standard deviations (SDs) of the residuals were similar among models. After data reduction, the SDs of the residuals for 100 iterations were <1 throughout lactation in both types of models when n = 100. After model reduction, including the daily change of milk yield as a variable minimized the SDs of the residuals. Our equations for herd‐level EB prediction have potential for use in genetic evaluation.
By any sacramental means necessary: Baptism as engaged defiance of ecocide and empire
Authors: Vander Tuig Adam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy the end of his life, Malcolm X had become synonymous with the phrase, "by any means necessary." With this philosophy he expanded the black freedom struggle of his day, adding new urgency, militancy, and sobriety to the movement. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) has named God's gifts of Word and Sacrament the "means of grace." Held up to the revolutionary philosophy of Malcolm X, the degree to which our baptismal means have become domesticated and depoliticized becomes troublingly clear. This paper addresses these problems and offers a way forward. The special relationship that God, Jesus, and even Martin Luther had with water—to say nothing of our ongoing climate catastrophe—compels us to begin by rewatering and repoliticizing the entire baptismal process, introducing new urgency, militancy, and sobriety to our once revolutionary sacrament.
Integrated neural dynamics for behavioural decisions and attentional competition in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Erez Yaara , Kadohisa Mikiko , Petrov Philippe , Sigala Natasha , Buckley Mark J. , Kusunoki Makoto , Duncan John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the behaving monkey, complex neural dynamics in the prefrontal cortex contribute to context‐dependent decisions and attentional competition. We used demixed principal component analysis to track prefrontal activity dynamics in a cued target detection task. In this task, the animal combined identity of a visual object with a prior instruction cue to determine a target/nontarget decision. From population activity, we extracted principal components for each task feature and examined their time course and sensitivity to stimulus and task variations. For displays containing a single choice object in left or right hemifield, object identity, cue identity and decision were all encoded in population activity, with different dynamics and lateralisation. Object information peaked at 100–200 ms from display onset and was largely confined to the contralateral hemisphere. Cue information was weaker and present even prior to display onset. Integrating information from cue and object, decision information arose more slowly and was bilateral. Individual neurons contributed independently to coding of the three task features. The analysis was then extended to displays with a target in one hemifield and a competing distractor in the other. In this case, the data suggest that each hemisphere initially encoded the identity of the contralateral object. The distractor representation was then rapidly suppressed, with the final target decision again encoded bilaterally. The results show how information is coded along task‐related dimensions while competition is resolved and suggest how information flows within and across frontal lobes to implement a learned behavioural decision.
The importance of self‐knowledge for free action
Authors: Gurrola Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuch has been made about the ways that implicit biases and other apparently unreflective attitudes can affect our actions and judgments in ways that negatively affect our ability to do right. What has been discussed less is that these attitudes negatively affect our freedom. In this paper, I argue that implicit biases pose a problem for free will. My analysis focuses on the compatibilist notion of free will according to which acting freely consists in acting in accordance with our reflectively endorsed beliefs and desires. Though bias presents a problem for free action, I argue that there are steps agents can take to regain their freedom. One such strategy is for agents to cultivate better self‐knowledge of the ways that their freedom depends on the relationship between their conscious and unconscious attitudes, and the way these work together to inform action and judgment. This knowledge can act as an important catalyst for agents to seek out and implement short‐ and long‐term strategies for reducing the influence of bias, and I offer four proposals along these lines. The upshot is that though bias is a powerful influence on our actions, we need not resign ourselves to its negative effects for freedom.
Systematic review of data‐driven cognitive subtypes in Parkinson disease
Authors: Pourzinal Dana , Yang Jihyun , Lawson Rachael A. , McMahon Katie L. , Byrne Gerard J. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeRecent application of the mild cognitive impairment concept to Parkinson disease (PD) has proven valuable in identifying patients at risk of dementia. However, it has sparked controversy regarding the existence of cognitive subtypes. The present review evaluates the current literature pertaining to data‐driven subtypes of cognition in PD.MethodsFollowing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines, systematic literature searches for peer‐reviewed articles on the topic of cognitive subtyping in PD were performed.ResultsTwenty‐two relevant articles were identified in the systematic search. Subtype structures showed either a spectrum of severity or specific domains of impairment. Domain‐specific subtypes included amnestic/nonamnestic, memory/executive, and frontal/posterior dichotomies, as well as more complex structures with less definitive groupings. Preliminary longitudinal evidence showed some differences in cognitive progression among subtypes. Neuroimaging evidence provided insight into distinct patterns of brain alterations among subtypes.ConclusionsRecurring phenotypes in the literature suggest strong clinical relevance of certain cognitive subtypes in PD. Although the current literature is limited, it raises critical questions about the utility of data‐driven methods in cognitive research. The results encourage further integration of neuroimaging research to define the latent neural mechanisms behind divergent subtypes. Although there is no consensus, there appears to be growing consistency and inherent value in identifying cognitive subtypes in PD.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging in dystonia: A systematic review of methodological approaches and findings
Authors: MacIver Claire L. , Tax Chantal M. W. , Jones Derek K. , Peall Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeStructural magnetic resonance techniques have been widely applied in neurological disorders to better understand tissue changes, probing characteristics such as volume, iron deposition and diffusion. Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder, resulting in abnormal postures and pain. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, with normal routine clinical imaging in idiopathic forms. More advanced tools provide an opportunity to identify smaller scale structural changes which may underpin pathophysiology. This review aims to provide an overview of methodological approaches undertaken in structural brain imaging of dystonia cohorts, and to identify commonly identified pathways, networks or regions that are implicated in pathogenesis.MethodsStructural magnetic resonance imaging studies of idiopathic and genetic forms of dystonia were systematically reviewed. Adhering to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 2022, with studies reviewed for methodological quality and key findings.ResultsSeventy‐seven studies were included, involving 1945 participants. The majority of studies employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (n = 45) or volumetric analyses (n = 37), with frequently implicated areas of abnormality in the brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia and sensorimotor cortex and their interconnecting white matter pathways. Genotypic and motor phenotypic variation emerged, for example fewer cerebello‐thalamic tractography streamlines in genetic forms than idiopathic and higher grey matter volumes in task‐specific than non‐task‐specific dystonias.DiscussionWork to date suggests microstructural brain changes in those diagnosed with dystonia, although the underlying nature of these changes remains undetermined. Employment of techniques such as multiple diffusion weightings or multi‐exponential relaxometry has the potential to enhance understanding of these differences.
Exceptions to the rule: Relative roles of time, diversification rates and regional energy in shaping the inverse latitudinal diversity gradient
Authors: Cerezer Felipe O. , Machac Antonin , Rangel Thiago F. , Dambros Cristian S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimInverse latitudinal diversity gradients (i‐LDGs), whereby regional richness peaks outside the tropics, have rarely been investigated, and their causes remain unclear. Here, we investigate three prominent explanations, postulating that species‐rich regions have had: (1) longer time to accumulate species; (2) faster diversification; and (3) more energy to support species‐rich communities. These mechanisms have been shown to explain the tropical megadiversity, and we examine whether they can also explain i‐LDG.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedAmphibians, birds and mammals.MethodsWe estimated the time for species accumulation, regional diversification rates and regional energy for six tetrapod taxa (c. 800 species). We quantified the relative effects and interactions among these three classes of variables, using variance partitioning, and confirmed the results across alternative metrics for time (community phylometrics and BioGeoBEARS), diversification rates (BAMM and DR) and regional energy (past and current temperature, and productivity).ResultsAlthough regional richness across each of the six taxa peaked in the temperate region, it varied markedly across hemispheres and continents. The effects of time, diversification rates and regional energy varied greatly from one taxon to another, but high diversification rates generally emerged as the best predictor of high regional richness. The effects of time and regional energy were limited, with the exception of salamanders and cetaceans.Main conclusionsTogether, our results indicate that the causes of i‐LDG are highly taxon specific. Consequently, large‐scale richness gradients might not have a universal explanation, and different causal pathways might converge on similar gradients. Moreover, regional diversification rates might vary dramatically between similar environments and, depending on the taxon, regional richness might or might not depend on the time for species accumulation. Collectively, these results underscore the complexity behind the formation of richness gradients, which might involve a symphony of variations on the interplay of time, diversification rates and regional energy.
The Cost of Capital for Banks: Evidence from Analyst Earnings Forecasts
Authors: DICK‐NIELSEN JENS , GYNTELBERG JACOB , THIMSEN CHRISTOFFER 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTWe extract cost of capital measures for banks using analyst earnings forecasts, which we show are unbiased. We find that the cost of equity and the cost of debt decrease in the Tier 1 ratio, whereas total cost of capital is uncorrelated with the Tier 1 ratio. These findings suggest that investors adjust their return expectations for banks in accordance with the Modigliani–Miller conservation‐of‐risk principle. Hence, increased capital requirements arenotmade socially costly based on a notion that market pricing violates risk conservation. Equity can nevertheless still be privately costly for banks because of reduced subsidies.
Localization and interaction studies of the Salmonella enterica ethanolamine ammonia‐lyase (EutBC), its reactivase (EutA), and the EutT corrinoid adenosyltransferase
Authors: Costa Flavia G. , Escalante‐Semerena Jorge C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSome prokaryotes compartmentalize select metabolic capabilities. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 (hereafter S. Typhimurium) catabolizes ethanolamine (EA) within a proteinaceous compartment that we refer to as the ethanolamine utilization (Eut) metabolosome. EA catabolism is initiated by the adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)‐dependent ethanolamine ammonia‐lyase (EAL), which deaminates EA via an adenosyl radical mechanism to yield acetaldehyde plus ammonia. This adenosyl radical can be quenched, requiring the replacement of AdoCbl by the ATP‐dependent EutA reactivase. During growth on ethanolamine, S. Typhimurium synthesizes AdoCbl from cobalamin (Cbl) using the ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase (ACAT) EutT. It is known that EAL localizes to the metabolosome, however, prior to this work, it was unclear where EutA and EutT localized, and whether they interacted with EAL. Here, we provide evidence that EAL, EutA, and EutT localize to the Eut metabolosome, and that EutA interacts directly with EAL. We did not observe interactions between EutT and EAL nor between EutT and the EutA/EAL complex. However, growth phenotypes of a ΔeutT mutant strain show that EutT is critical for efficient ethanolamine catabolism. This work provides a preliminary understanding of the dynamics of AdoCbl synthesis and its uses within the Eut metabolosome.