bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold and exogenous calcium alter Allium fistulosum cell wall pectin to depress intracellular freezing temperatures
Authors: Liu Jun , Willick Ian R , Hiraki Hayato , Forand Ariana D , Lawrence John R , Swerhone George D W , Wei Yangdou , Ghosh Supratim , Lee Yeon Kyeong , Olsen Jorunn E , Usadel Björn , Wormit Alexandra , Günl Markus , Karunakaran Chithra , Dynes James J , Tanino Karen K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
De-methyl esterification of homogalacturonan and subsequent cross-linking with Ca2+ is hypothesized to enhance the freezing survival of cold acclimated plants by reducing the porosity of primary cell walls. To test this theory, we collected leaf epidermal peels from non- (23/18 °C) and cold acclimated (2 weeks at 12/4 °C) Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.). Cold acclimation enhanced the temperature at which half the cells survived freezing injury by 8 °C (LT50 =–20 °C), and reduced tissue permeability by 70-fold compared with non-acclimated epidermal cells. These effects were associated with greater activity of pectin methylesterase (PME) and a reduction in the methyl esterification of homogalacturonan. Non-acclimated plants treated with 50 mM CaCl2 accumulated higher concentrations of galacturonic acid, Ca2+ in the cell wall, and a lower number of visible cell wall pores compared with that observed in cold acclimated plants. Using cryo-microscopy, we observed that 50 mM CaCl2 treatment did not lower the LT50 of non-acclimated cells, but reduced the lethal intracellular ice nucleation to temperatures observed in cold acclimated epidermal cells. We postulate that the PME-homogalacturonan-mediated reduction in cell wall porosity is integral to intracellular freezing avoidance strategies in cold acclimated herbaceous cells.
The role of root hairs in water uptake: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Ahmed Mutez Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sufficient water is essential for plant growth and production. Root hairs connect roots to the soil, extend the effective root radius, and greatly enlarge the absorbing surface area. Although the efficacy of root hairs in nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, has been well recognized, their role in water uptake remains contentious. Here we review recent advances in this field, discuss the factors affecting the role of root hairs in water uptake, and propose future directions. We argue that root hair length and shrinkage, in response to soil drying, explain the apparently contradictory evidence currently available. Our analysis revealed that shorter and vulnerable root hairs (i.e. rice and maize) made little, if any, contribution to root water uptake. In contrast, relatively longer root hairs (i.e. barley) had a clear influence on root water uptake, transpiration, and hence plant response to soil drying. We conclude that the role of root hairs in water uptake is species (and probably soil) specific. We propose that a holistic understanding of the efficacy of root hairs in water uptake will require detailed studies of root hair length, turnover, and shrinkage in different species and contrasting soil textures.
The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey II: Constructing a volume-limited sample and first results from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Authors: Scicluna P , Kemper F , McDonald I , Srinivasan S , Trejo A , Wallström S H J , Wouterloot J G A , Cami J , Greaves J , He Jinhua , Hoai D T , Kim Hyosun , Jones O C , Shinnaga H , Clark C J R , Dharmawardena T , Holland W , Imai H , van Loon J Th , Menten K M , Wesson R , Chawner H , Feng S , Goldman S , Liu F C , MacIsaac H , Tang J , Zeegers S , Amada K , Antoniou V , Bemis A , Boyer M L , Chapman S , Chen X , Cho S-H , Cui L , Dell’Agli F , Friberg P , Fukaya S , Gomez H , Gong Y , Hadjara M , Haswell C , Hirano N , Hony S , Izumiura H , Jeste M , Jiang X , Kaminski T , Keaveney N , Kim J , Kraemer K E , Kuan Y-J , Lagadec E , Lee C F , Li D , Liu S-Y , Liu T , de Looze I , Lykou F , Maraston C , Marshall J P , Matsuura M , Min C , Otsuka M , Oyadomari M , Parsons H , Patel N A , Peeters E , Pham T A , Qiu J , Randall S , Rau G , Redman M P , Richards A M S , Serjeant S , Shi C , Sloan G C , Smith M W L , Suh K-W , Toalá J A , Uttenthaler S , Ventura P , Wang B , Yamamura I , Yang T , Yun Y , Zhang F , Zhang Y , Zhao G , Zhu M , Zijlstra A A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey (NESS) is a volume-complete sample of ∼850 Galactic evolved stars within 3 kpc at (sub-)mm wavelengths, observed in the CO J = (2–1) and (3–2) rotational lines, and the sub-mm continuum, using the James Clark Maxwell Telescope and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment. NESS consists of five tiers, based on distances and dust-production rate (DPR). We define a new metric for estimating the distances to evolved stars and compare its results to Gaia EDR3. Replicating other studies, the most-evolved, highly enshrouded objects in the Galactic Plane dominate the dust returned by our sources, and we initially estimate a total DPR of 4.7 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1 from our sample. Our sub-mm fluxes are systematically higher and spectral indices are typically shallower than dust models typically predict. The 450/850 $\mu$m spectral indices are consistent with the blackbody Rayleigh–Jeans regime, suggesting a large fraction of evolved stars have unexpectedly large envelopes of cold dust.
High-resolution synthetic UV-submm images for Milky Way-mass simulated galaxies from the ARTEMIS project
Authors: Camps Peter , Kapoor Anand Utsav , Trcka Ana , Font Andreea S , McCarthy Ian G , Trayford James , Baes Maarten 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present redshift-zero synthetic dust-aware observations for the 45 Milky Way-mass simulated galaxies of the ARTEMIS project, calculated with the skirt radiative transfer code. The post-processing procedure includes components for star-forming regions, stellar sources, and diffuse dust. We produce and publicly release realistic high-resolution images for 50 commonly used broad-band filters from ultraviolet to submillimetre wavelengths and for 18 different viewing angles. We compare the simulated ARTEMIS galaxies to observed galaxies in the DustPedia data base with similar stellar mass and star formation rate, and to synthetic observations of the simulated galaxies of the Auriga project produced in previous work using a similar post-processing technique. In all cases, global galaxy properties are derived using SED fitting. We find that, similar to Auriga, the post-processed ARTEMIS galaxies generally reproduce the observed scaling relations for global fluxes and physical properties, although dust extinction at FUV/UV wavelengths is underestimated and representative dust temperatures are lower than observed. At a resolved scale, we compare multiwavelength non-parametric morphological properties of selected disc galaxies across the data sets. We find that the ARTEMIS galaxies largely reproduce the observed morphological trends as a function of wavelength, although they appear to be more clumpy and less symmetrical than observed. We note that the ARTEMIS and Auriga galaxies occupy adjacent regions in the specific star formation versus stellar mass plane, so that the synthetic observation data sets supplement each other.
Benefits and risks of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Higashitani Kana , Takase-Minegishi Kaoru , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Kirino Yohei , Hamada Naoki , Nagai Hideto , Hagihara Maki , Matsumoto Kenji , Namkoong Ho , Horita Nobuyuki , Nakajima Hideaki 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with systemic sclerosis.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis were carried out. We compared survival outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier method with patient-level data between HSCT and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide. Additionally, the incidence rate of treatment-related deaths with HSCT was pooled using a random-effect model.ResultsOf the 2091 articles screened, 22 were included: 3 randomized controlled trials and 19 observational studies. HSCT studies showed significant improvement in the skin thickness score and lung function. Despite treatment-related deaths being higher in HSCT than in intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a high survival rate of 2 years post-transplant (log-rank, P = 0.004). The pooled frequency of transplant-related death from 700 systemic sclerosis patients was 6.30% (95% confidence interval 4.21–8.38). However, the estimated frequency of treatment-related deaths has been reducing over the last decade.ConclusionsHSCT is an effective treatment for systemic sclerosis, but the optimal indications must be carefully determined by balancing the risks.
Nickel and the origin and early evolution of life
Authors: Fontecilla-Camps Juan C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although nickel (Ni) is a minor element of the Earth's crust, it has played a major role in the evolution of life. This metal is a component of the active sites of several archaeal and bacterial anaerobic enzymes essential for bioenergy processes such as H2 and CO oxidation and CO2 fixation. Furthermore, Ni of meteoritic origin was probably involved in primordial organic phosphorylations. However, depending on its concentration, Ni can also be extremely toxic to most species. Through Earth's history, this paradoxical situation has provoked complex interactions between microorganisms, such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and the highly Ni-dependent methanogens. Ni-rich volcanic emissions have resulted in alterations of the biological carbon cycle caused by high archaeal production of greenhouse CH4 gas and the ensuing global temperature elevation. These emissions are also thought to have directly helped producing the most serious of the five major extinctions at the end of the Permian period.
Can the Rhomboid Major Muscle Be Used to Identify the Thoracic Spinal Segment on Ultrasonography? A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jung Haesun , Bae Junyeol , Kim Jungsoo , Yoo Yongjae , Lee Ho-Jin , Rho Hyungsang , Han Andrew Hogyu , Moon Jee Youn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the thoracic segment corresponding to the inferior margin of the rhomboid major muscle (RMM) using ultrasound (US) to evaluate its potential as a reliable anatomic landmark for segment identification.

Design
A prospective observational study.

Setting
An operating room.

Subjects
Patients who underwent procedures around the thoracic spine.

Methods
Four hundred segments corresponding to the RMM’s inferior margin were identified through the use of paravertebral sagittal US and confirmed by fluoroscopy in 100 participants in the prone position with upward and downward shoulder rotation, comprising four datasets (up-right, up-left, down-right, and down-left). The US identification of the RMM’s inferior margin was dichotomously scored (clear vs ambiguous). Each dataset was divided into two groups (dominant segment group vs remaining segments group), which were compared. Factors relevant to the dominant segment associated with the RMM’s inferior border were determined through univariable analyses.

Results
The T6 segment was observed most commonly (59.5%) along the RMM’s inferior border on paravertebral sagittal US acquired in the prone position, followed by T5 (25.0%), T7 (12.8%), and T4 (2.7%). The segments corresponding to the RMM remained unchanged by shoulder posture in most participants (n = 74, 74%). The RMM’s inferior border was clearly distinguishable in 330 cases (82.5%). When the RMM’s inferior border was clearly identified, the corresponding segment was likely to match T6 in all datasets, with odds ratios ranging from 3.24 to 6.2.

Conclusions
The RMM’s inferior border over the transverse process corresponded to T6 most frequently on paravertebral sagittal US, and its deep fascia was clearly visible in most cases.
Second moments of work and heat for a single-particle stochastic heat engine in a breathing harmonic potential
Authors: Iida Shinji , Negoro Koki , Yamada Kanta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider a simple model of a stochastic heat engine, which consists of a single Brownian particle moving in a one-dimensional periodically breathing harmonic potential. The overdamped limit is assumed. Expressions for the second moments (variances and covariances) of heat and work are obtained in the form of integrals, whose integrands contain functions satisfying certain differential equations. The results in the quasi-static limit are simple functions of the temperatures of hot and cold thermal baths. The coefficient of variation of the work is suggested to give an approximate probability for the work to exceed a given threshold. During the derivation, we get the expression of the cumulant-generating function.
Drivers of and barriers to adoption of improved sunflower varieties amongst smallholder farmers in Singida, Tanzania: A double-hurdle approach
Authors: Tibamanya Felister Y , Henningsen Arne , Milanzi Mursali A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractYield-enhancing agricultural technologies, like improved crop varieties, are widely promoted in developing countries to improve the food security, income, and welfare of farm households. Nonetheless, farm households show low adoption rates of these technologies. To gain more insight into the drivers of and the barriers to the adoption of improved crop varieties, we study the adoption of improved sunflower varieties by smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Unlike most earlier studies, we distinguish between the initial adoption and the extent of adoption. Additionally, we investigate the roles of market constraints and liquidity constraints, which are largely ignored in previous adoption studies. We find that risk aversion and liquidity constraints are barriers to adoption, whilst radios and extension service are important information channels for new technologies. Our results can help to improve policies, development programmes, and business decisions and finally to enhance agricultural productivity and farm household welfare.
Financial Market Ethics
Authors: Easley David , O’Hara Maureen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We develop a model of psychological-games-played-on-a-network to demonstrate a role for endogenously determined, rationally chosen ethics. Our analysis produces sharp results about contagion of nonethical or ethical behavior and the possible equilibrium configurations of each type of behavior. We find, and quantify, critical densities for clusters of each type of behavior that determine everything about contagion. We introduce society as a third player to investigate ethical failures as externalities. We use these results to show how regulations and network structure can affect whether clusters of ethical behavior can survive and how large they can be in a financial market setting.
An antibody-escape estimator for mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain
Authors: Greaney Allison J , Starr Tyler N , Bloom Jesse D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A key goal of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance is to rapidly identify viral variants with mutations that reduce neutralization by polyclonal antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection. Unfortunately, direct experimental characterization of new viral variants lags their sequence-based identification. Here we help address this challenge by aggregating deep mutational scanning data into an ‘escape estimator’ that estimates the antigenic effects of arbitrary combinations of mutations to the virus’s spike receptor-binding domain. The estimator can be used to intuitively visualize how mutations impact polyclonal antibody recognition and score the expected antigenic effect of combinations of mutations. These scores correlate with neutralization assays performed on SARS-CoV-2 variants and emphasize the ominous antigenic properties of the recently described Omicron variant. An interactive version of the estimator is at https://jbloomlab.github.io/SARS2_RBD_Ab_escape_maps/escape-calc/ (last accessed 11 March 2022), and we provide a Python module for batch processing. Currently the calculator uses primarily data for antibodies elicited by Wuhan-Hu-1-like vaccination or infection and so is expected to work best for calculating escape from such immunity for mutations relative to early SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Two AMP-Binding Domain Proteins from Rhizophagus irregularis Involved in Import of Exogenous Fatty Acids
Authors: Brands Mathias , Dörmann Peter 
Published: March 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize roots, where they provide nutrients in exchange for sugars and lipids. Because AMF lack genes for cytosolic fatty acid de novo synthase (FAS), they depend on host-derived fatty acids. AMF colonization is accompanied by expression of specific lipid genes and synthesis of sn-2 monoacylglycerols (MAGs). It is unknown how host-derived fatty acids are taken up by AMF. We describe the characterization of two AMP-binding domain protein genes from Rhizophagus irregularis, RiFAT1 and RiFAT2, with sequence similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid transporter 1 (FAT1). Uptake of 13C-myristic acid (14:0) and, to a lesser extent, 13C-palmitic acid (16:0) was enhanced after expression of RiFAT1 or RiFAT2 in S. cerevisiae Δfat1 cells. The uptake of 2H-labeled fatty acids from 2H-myristoylglycerol or 2H-palmitoylglycerol was also increased after RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 expression in Δfat, but intact 2H-MAGs were not detected. RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 expression was induced in colonized roots compared with extraradical mycelium. 13C-label in the AMF-specific palmitvaccenic acid (16:1Δ11) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) were detected in colonized roots only when 13C2-acetate was supplemented but not 13C-fatty acids, demonstrating that de novo synthesized, host-derived fatty acids are rapidly taken up by R. irregularis from the roots. The results show that RiFAT1 and RiFAT2 are involved in the uptake of myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), while fatty acids from MAGs are only taken up after hydrolysis. Therefore, the two proteins might be involved in fatty acid import into the fungal arbuscules in colonized roots. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Benefit of Primary Tumor Resection in Stage IV, Grade 1 and 2, Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Kjaer Josefine , Clancy Thomas E. , Thornell Anders , Andersson Niklas , Hellman Per , Crona Joakim , Welin Staffan , Sulciner Megan , Powell Brittany , Brais Lauren , Astone Kristina , Baddoo William , Doherty Gerhard , Chan Jennifer A. , Norlén Olov , Stålberg Peter 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To determine the association of primary tumor resection in stage IV pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NET) and survival in a propensity-score matched study.

Background:
Pan-NET are often diagnosed with stage IV disease. The oncologic benefit from primary tumor resection in this scenario is debated and previous studies show contradictory results.

Methods:
Patients from 3 tertiary referral centers from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2019: Uppsala University Hospital (Uppsala, Sweden), Sahlgrenska University Hospital (Gothenburg, Sweden), and Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, USA) were assessed for eligibility. Patients with sporadic, grade 1 and 2, stage IV pan-NET, with baseline 2000–2019 were divided between those undergoing primary tumor resection combined with oncologic treatment (surgery group [SG]), and those who received oncologic treatment without primary tumor resection (non-SG). A propensity-score matching was performed to account for the variability in the extent of metastatic disease and comorbidity. Primary outcome was overall survival.

Results:
Patients with stage IV Pan-NET (n = 733) were assessed for eligibility, 194 were included. Patients were divided into a SG (n = 65) and a non-SG (n = 129). Two isonumerical groups with 50 patients in each group remained after propensity-score matching. The 5-year survival was 65.4% (95% CI, 51.5-79.3) in the matched SG and 47.8% (95% CI, 30.6-65.0) in the matched non-SG (log-rank, P = 0.043).

Conclusions:
Resection of the primary tumor in patients with stage IV Pan-NET and G1/G2 grade was associated with prolonged overall survival compared to nonoperative management. A surgically aggressive regime should be considered where resection is not contraindicated.
Practical Review of the Current Management of Fournier’s Gangrene
Authors: Huayllani Maria T. , Cheema Amandip S. , McGuire Matthew J. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Fournier’s gangrene is a fulminant disease. If diagnosed and treated early, mortality can be minimized, but morbidity can still be important with extensive soft tissue defects affecting form and function. We aimed to perform a comprehensive review and provide the current evidenced-based management to treat this condition.

Methods:
A review was conducted to identify relevant published articles involving Fournier’s gangrene in PubMed on September 8, 2021. Search keywords included “{[(Fournier’s gangrene) AND (reconstruction)] OR [Fournier’s gangrene]} AND [(repair) OR (management)].”

Results:
A total of 108 articles met the inclusion criteria. The comorbidities most frequently associated included diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Pillars of treatment involve urgent debridement, fluid resuscitation, IV antibiotics, and reconstruction. Several variables must be considered, including time to debridement, duration of antibiotics, debridement, and an individualized approach to choose a reconstructive option. Skin grafts and multiple types of flaps are commonly used for reconstruction.

Conclusions:
Treatment of Fournier’s gangrene should be initiated as early as possible. Surgeons’ expertise, patient preference, and resources available are essential factors that should direct the election of reconstruction.
Heterogeneity and origins of myeloid cells
Authors: Yáñez Alberto , Bono Cristina , Goodridge Helen S. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Myeloid cells – granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) – are innate immune cells that play key roles in pathogen defense and inflammation, as well as in tissue homeostasis and repair. Over the past 5 years, in part due to more widespread use of single cell omics technologies, it has become evident that these cell types are significantly more heterogeneous than was previously appreciated. In this review, we consider recent studies that have demonstrated heterogeneity among neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and DCs in mice and humans. We also discuss studies that have revealed the sources of their heterogeneity.

Recent findings
Recent studies have confirmed that ontogeny is a key determinant of diversity, with specific subsets of myeloid cells arising from distinct progenitors. However, diverse microenvironmental cues also strongly influence myeloid fate and function. Accumulating evidence therefore suggests that a combination of these mechanisms underlies myeloid cell diversity.

Summary
Consideration of the heterogeneity of myeloid cells is critical for understanding their diverse activities, such as the role of macrophages in tissue damage versus repair, or tumor growth versus elimination. Insights into these mechanisms are informing the design of novel therapeutic approaches.