bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pestalotiopsis microspora causes leaf spot on Adenium obesum
Authors: de Jesus Jéssica Maria Israel , Rodrigues Ana Beatriz Lemes , de Paula Kássia Lorrany Marques , da Cunha Marcos Gomes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmong the main ornamental plants grown in Brazil, Adenium obesum stands out for its appearance, drought resistance and beautiful flowers. However, diseases can be a limiting factor because they affect crop quality and yield. The aim of this study was to report the first occurrence of Pestalotiopsis microspora as the causal agent of leaf spots on desert rose. A. obesum leaves with necrotic spots on the edges and/or tips were collected for indirect isolation of the pathogen. Three morphologically similar fungal isolates were obtained. In pathogenicity testing, healthy leaves were inoculated with mycelial disks and controls with disks containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Symptom development was assessed on a daily basis, followed by reisolation. The DNA of pure cultures was extracted and submitted to PCR using the primers ITS1 and ITS4. The PCR product was sequenced. The inoculated leaves initially developed symptoms of chlorosis that progressed to necrosis. The fungal colonies exhibited white mycelia with radial, cottony growth and the formation of dark masses of conidia and hyaline, branched septate hyphae. The euseptate conidia had two hyaline cells (apical and basal) and three dark‐coloured fusiform median cells. The morphological characteristics of the isolates were similar to those described for the genus Pestalotiopsis. When compared to sequences deposited in GenBank, the sequences of the ITS gene showed 100% identity with the Pestalotiopsis microspora species. These results extend the range of known hosts of this pathogen, since this is the first report of P. microspora attack in Adenium obesum.
Phytophthora tropicalis: Causal agent of persimmon fruit rot in Brazil
Authors: Brumat Ana Carolina Lyra , May De Mio Louise Larissa , Tessmann Dauri José , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Auer Celso Garcia , Dos Santos Álvaro Figueredo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPersimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L.) from commercial orchards located in southern Brazil, in Curitiba, Paraná, showed dark firm rot. The incidence in the field was about 2% in an evaluation in the 2016 growing season, and from these infected fruit, three Phytophthora sp. isolates were obtained. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of the disease through morphophysiological and molecular analysis of the isolates. Initially, the pathogenicity test was performed on persimmon fruit to fulfil Koch's postulates. Mycelial growth at eight temperatures ranging from 8°C to 35°C was evaluated for taxonomic purposes. Next, the morphological characteristics of sporangia, chlamydospores and oospores were evaluated. For molecular characterization, sequencing of the ITS‐rDNA region and portions of the COXI and TEF1α genes and phylogenetic analysis were performed. All isolates were pathogenic, causing symptoms of firm and dark rot similar to those observed in the orchards. Mycelial growth was not observed at 35°C. There was an abundant production of ellipsoid, papillate, deciduous sporangia with long pedicels and the formation of globose chlamydospores. The isolates were heterothallic, all belonging to group A1, in which the production of plerotic oospores with amphigenous antheridia was verified. The morphophysiological and molecular characterization allowed the identification of the isolates as Phytophthora tropicalis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of persimmon fruit rot caused by P. tropicalis.
Effect of dietary n‐3 fatty acid and rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) supplementation on semen quality, sperm fatty acids and reproductive performance of aged male broiler breeders
Authors: Golzar Adabi Shahram , Karimi Torshizi Mohammad Amir , Raei Hamid , Marnewick Jeanine L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) and rooibos supplementation on semen quality, fatty acids composition and reproductive performance of aged male broiler breeders. Seventy‐two 47‐week‐old Ross broiler breeder roosters were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangements to include two FO concentrations (0% and 2%) and 3 rooibos concentrations (0%, 1.5% and 3%) for 13 weeks consecutive. The different diets affected semen parameters significantly (p < 0.05), except for the semen concentration and abnormality of the sperm. The sperm of the FO and 3% rooibos‐treated group showed better motility and viability when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The susceptibility of semen to lipid peroxidation was increased in roosters fed the rooibos‐free diets (p < 0.05), but it was reduced (p < 0.05) when the diet was supplemented with 1.5% and 3% rooibos. In addition, at 64 weeks, the highest concentration of testosterone was observed in the roosters fed a diet that included 2% FO and 3% rooibos (p < 0.05); however, the difference in testosterone levels between Week 52 and Week 64 was not significant (p > 0.05). The fertility rate of collected eggs from the FO and 3% rooibos group was higher (p < 0.05) than that of the other groups at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FO along with rooibos improved seminal quality and reproduction performance in aged roosters.
Perioperative lung ultrasonography in healthy horses undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery
Authors: Ribonnet Caroline , Palmers Katrien , Saegerman Claude , Vanderperren Katrien , van Galen Gaby 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) is poorly evaluated in horses, especially perioperatively.Objectives(1) Describe LUS findings in healthy horses before and after general anesthesia (GA), (2) evaluate if GA induces ultrasonographic changes in healthy horses, (3) suggest a LUS scoring system, (4) identify horse variables that are associated to LUS changes after anesthesia.AnimalsTwenty‐five healthy adult horses undergoing elective surgery.MethodsProspective hypothesis‐driven observational study. LUS findings were recorded before anesthesia, 5 minutes in recovery, 15 minutes, 2H, 3H, 4H, 6H, and 24H after anesthesia in 8 lung regions. Clinical data were collected perioperatively.ResultsThere was a significant increase in amount of I‐lines (10.8 ± 8.7 vs 15.28 ± 8.19), B‐lines (3.2 ± 3.5 vs 8.72 ± 4.86), and coalescent B‐lines (0.04 ± 0.2 vs 1.12 ± 1.45) after anesthesia compared to before anesthesia, and a significantly higher LUS score 2H after anesthesia (4.92 ± 8.40) compared to before anesthesia (0.9 ± 1.8; P = .02). The maximal LUS score after anesthesia was correlated to total procedure time (Pearson r = 0.4, P = .05; Spearman r = 0.44, P = .03) and was significantly higher in horses with abnormal cardiorespiratory values during anesthesia (P = .005).ConclusionsLUS changes can be induced by GA in healthy horses. This study did not investigate if and which LUS findings indicate lesions, however, this information can aid clinicians to identify pulmonary complications after anesthesia.
Multiscale correlated analysis of the Aguas Zarcas CM chondrite
Authors: Dionnet Zélia , Aléon‐Toppani Alice , Brunetto Rosario , Rubino Stefano , Suttle Martin D. , Lantz Cateline , Avdellidou Chrysa , Baklouti Donia , Borondics Ferenc , Djouadi Zahia , Grieco Francesco , Héripré Eva , Nakamura Tomoki , Rotundi Alessandra , Scheel Mario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report the results of a campaign of measurements on four fragments of the CM Aguas Zarcas (AZ) meteorite, combining X‐ray computed tomography analysis and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. We estimated a petrologic type for our sampled CM lithology using the two independent techniques, and obtained a type CM2.5, in agreement with previous estimations. By comparing the Si‐O 10‐µm signature of the AZ average FT‐IR spectra with other well‐studied CMs, we place AZ in the context of aqueous alteration of CM parent bodies. Morphological characterization reveals that AZ has heterogeneous distribution of pores and a global porosity of 4.5 ± 0.5 vol%. We show that chondrules have a porosity of 6.3 ± 1 vol%. This larger porosity could be inherited due to various processes such as temperature variation during the chondrule formation and shocks or dissolution during aqueous alteration. Finally, we observed a correlation between 3D distributions of organic matter and mineral at micrometric scales, revealing a link between the abundance of organic matter and the presence of hydrated minerals. This supports the idea that aqueous alteration in AZ’s parent body played a major role in the evolution of the organic matter.
Genomic evidence of an ancient inland temperate rainforest in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Ruffley Megan , Smith Megan L. , Espíndola Anahí , Turck Daniel F. , Mitchell Niels , Carstens Bryan , Sullivan Jack , Tank David C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe disjunct temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest of North America (PNW) are characterized by late‐successional dominant tree species Thuja plicata (western redcedar) and Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock). The demographic histories of these species, along with the PNW rainforest ecosystem in its entirety, have been heavily impacted by geological and climatic changes the PNW has experienced over the last 5 million years, including mountain orogeny and repeated Pleistocene glaciations. These environmental events have ultimately shaped the history of these species, with inland populations potentially being extirpated during the Pleistocene glaciations. Here, we collect genomic data for both species across their ranges to test multiple demographic models, each reflecting a different phylogeographical hypothesis on how the ecosystem‐dominating species may have responded to dramatic climatic change. Our results indicate that inland and coastal populations in both species diverged ~2.5 million years ago in the early Pleistocene and experienced decreases in population size during glacial cycles, with subsequent population expansion. Importantly, we found evidence for gene flow between coastal and inland populations during the mid‐Holocene. It is likely that intermittent migration in these species during this time has prevented allopatric speciation via genetic drift alone. In conclusion, our results from combining genomic data and demographic inference procedures establish that populations of the ecosystem dominants Thuja plicata and Tsuga heterophylla persisted in refugia located in both the coastal and inland regions of the PNW throughout the Pleistocene, with populations expanding and contracting in response to glacial cycles with occasional gene flow.
GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 plays a key role during the de‐etiolation process in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hernández‐Verdeja Tamara , Vuorijoki Linda , Jin Xu , Vergara Alexander , Dubreuil Carole , Strand Åsa 
Published: March 2022

Summary

One of the most dramatic challenges in the life of a plant occurs when the seedling emerges from the soil and exposure to light triggers expression of genes required for establishment of photosynthesis.

This process needs to be tightly regulated, as premature accumulation of light‐harvesting proteins and photoreactive Chl precursors causes oxidative damage when the seedling is first exposed to light. Photosynthesis genes are encoded by both nuclear and plastid genomes, and to establish the required level of control, plastid‐to‐nucleus (retrograde) signalling is necessary to ensure correct gene expression.

We herein show that a negative GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1)‐mediated retrograde signal restricts chloroplast development in darkness and during early light response by regulating the transcription of several critical transcription factors linked to light response, photomorphogenesis, and chloroplast development, and consequently their downstream target genes in Arabidopsis.

Thus, the plastids play an essential role during skotomorphogenesis and the early light response, and GUN1 acts as a safeguard during the critical step of seedling emergence from darkness.
Understanding and formation—A process of becoming a nurse
Authors: Sandvik Ann‐Helén , Hilli Yvonne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNursing is a complicated and multifaceted profession that sets high demands in preparing nursing students for the profession. In today's education, the emphasis is often on knowledge and skills, that is, epistemology. In caring science another approach is sought, an approach based on human sciences in which knowledge will serve a more profound understanding, that is, the ontology. Consequently, the question of what this ‘understanding’ in clinical education is and how it is promoted in clinical nursing education becomes important to clarify. Therefore, the aim here is to explicate the phenomenon of understanding in clinical education as experienced by third‐year undergraduate nursing students ready for graduation. This study, with a hermeneutic approach, is based on a secondary analysis of focus group interviews with undergraduate nursing students. The analytical expansion of the original material suggests three interrelated themes that illuminate the phenomenon of understanding in clinical education. These findings are deepened and enriched through philosophical abstraction. In the process of understanding, episteme, techne and phronesis can be viewed as inherent parts of the structure of thought in nursing. The perspective advanced in this study adds new aspects to the phenomenon of understanding and its meaning and significance in the dynamic process of formation and becoming in clinical education. The focus in clinical nursing education should be on learning reflective, critical thinking and the ways of being a nurse, rather than drilling students on particular skills. In the rapidly changing world of the 21st century, an understanding‐based education is needed as a more meaningful and authentic approach. Therefore, an ontological turn in nursing education, through which the main focus shifts from a traditional epistemology to an epistemology in the service of ontology, is suggested. Further studies are needed in the development and implementation of an understanding‐based, interpretative education in nursing.
Reflections of the collaborative care planning as a person‐centred practice
Authors: Jobe Ingela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ageing population is increasing worldwide with an increase in chronic disorders. At the same time, person‐centred care has become a policy within both health and social care. To facilitate coordination and collaboration and integrate the older adult's perspective in the decision‐making process the collaborative care planning process with the development of a written care plan can be used. In this study, the result of an interpreted analysis of four empirical studies of the collaborative care planning as a person‐centred practice will be discussed and reflected on. A framework based on the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur's little ethics was used in the synthesis of the studies. The findings revealed two common threads: personhood and power asymmetry. Both challenges in achieving a person‐centred collaborative care planning. Ricoeur's dialogical thinking and description of a person served as an underpinning in discussing and reflecting upon the findings of the interpreted synthesis. Collaborative care planning is a complex process. However, Ricoeur's philosophy contributed to a greater understanding of the collaborative care planning as a person‐centred practice and accentuated that ethics, human values, and the older adults and care partners perspectives need to be given the same importance and considerations as the medical and social sciences perspectives for the collaborative care planning process to truly become person‐centred.
miR‐342‐5p inhibits odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via targeting Wnt7b
Authors: Zeng Kangrui , Li Weiping , Kang Qiongyi , Li Yutong , Cheng Qing , Xia Wenwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveHuman dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) constitute a promising source of stem cells in tissue engineering. However, the molecular mechanism of differentiation in hDPSCs remains largely unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in lineage‐specific differentiation of stem cells. The present study investigated the function of miRNA‐342‐5p in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.MethodsThe miRNA array profiling and quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) revealed the expression of miR‐342‐5p during odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. hDPSCs were treated with miR‐342‐5p mimic and inhibitor to investigate the regulatory roles of miR‐342‐5p in the differentiation of hDPSCs. Moreover, miR‐342‐5p inhibitor and small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting Wnt7b were applied to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR‐342‐5p.ResultsDownregulated miR‐342‐5p was observed during odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The overexpression of miR‐342‐5p inhibited the odonto/osteogenic potential of DPSCs, as indicated by low levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition formation, and odonto/osteogenic differentiation markers, whereas silencing of miR‐342‐5p exhibited the opposite effect. When co‐treated with siRNA targeting Wnt7b and miR‐342‐5p inhibitor in hDPSCs, the odonto/osteogenic potential and activation of Wnt7b/β‐catenin pathway were attenuated.ConclusionsThis study showed that miR‐342‐5p inhibits the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by interfering with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling via targeting Wnt7b.
A multi‐season analysis of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) germplasm lines for shoot fly resistance and multi‐trait stability
Authors: Padmaja Poluru Gunnampati , Kalaisekar Andiappan , Tonapi Vilas Achutarao , Madhusudhana Ragimasalawada 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBarnyard millet is one of the most important minor millet crops grown in rainfed conditions for its health benefits. A large germplasm collection is available at the global level and needs to be characterized for biotic stress factors. In this study, 106 barnyard millet lines were characterized for their resistance to shoot fly resistance during the 2016, 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons, and Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis was carried out to understand the genotype x environment interaction. The study also investigated the multi‐trait stability of genotypes using deadhearts on the main plant (MPDH) and tillers (TDH). The analysis revealed the genetic difference that exists in the barnyard genetic material for shoot fly resistance. Seedling epicuticular wax was found related to shoot fly infestation. The infected plants had substantially higher levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase and total protein content when contrasted with their control plants. MPDH and TDH have high G × E interaction, and the multi‐trait stability index (MTSI) analysis has identified 16 lines with lower shoot fly damage and stability.
Reconstructed human pigmented skin/epidermis models achieve epidermal pigmentation through melanocore transfer
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Lopes‐Ventura Sara , Neto Matilde V. , Charneca João , Zoio Patricia , Seabra Miguel C. , Oliva Abel , Barral Duarte C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe skin acts as a barrier to environmental insults and provides many vital functions. One of these is to shield DNA from harmful ultraviolet radiation, which is achieved by skin pigmentation arising as melanin is produced and dispersed within the epidermal layer. This is a crucial defence against DNA damage, photo‐ageing and skin cancer. The mechanisms and regulation of melanogenesis and melanin transfer involve extensive crosstalk between melanocytes and keratinocytes in the epidermis, as well as fibroblasts in the dermal layer. Although the predominant mechanism of melanin transfer continues to be debated and several plausible models have been proposed, we and others previously provided evidence for a coupled exo/phagocytosis model. Herein, we performed histology and immunohistochemistry analyses and demonstrated that a newly developed full‐thickness three‐dimensional reconstructed human pigmented skin model and an epidermis‐only model exhibit dispersed pigment throughout keratinocytes in the epidermis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed melanocores between melanocytes and keratinocytes, suggesting that melanin is transferred through coupled exocytosis/phagocytosis of the melanosome core, or melanocore, similar to our previous observations in human skin biopsies. We, therefore, present evidence that our in vitro models of pigmented human skin show epidermal pigmentation comparable to human skin. These findings have a high value for studies of skin pigmentation mechanisms and pigmentary disorders, whilst reducing the reliance on animal models and human skin biopsies.
A Case of severe mosquito bite allergy complicated by fatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Dupuy Elizabeth , Afifi Ladan , Jonas Steven J. , Cheng Carol E. , Hogeling Marcia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSevere mosquito bite allergy (SMBA) is characterized by necrotic skin lesions and systemic symptoms. Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, when superimposed with SMBA, is a key driver for catastrophic clinical consequences, such as uncontrolled lymphoproliferation. This interplay is of clinical significance due to its association with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and/or EBV‐driven malignancies. Here, we report a case of SMBA that developed in a 14‐year‐old Hispanic boy that led to fatal secondary HLH.
The influence of dispositional cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on post‐retrieval and standard extinction
Authors: Kitamura Haruka , Strodl Esben , Johnston Patrick , Johnson Luke R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndividual differences in the ability to habitually regulate emotion may impact the efficacy of fear memory extinction. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dispositional cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression with post‐retrieval and standard extinction. Fear memory and extinction were measured with the recovery of skin conductance responses. We also examined the relationship between a temporal feature of electrodermal responding (half‐recovery time) and each of the emotion regulation strategies. University students (N = 80) underwent a three‐day fear conditioning procedure using a within‐subject design consisting of acquisition on day one, post‐retrieval extinction and standard extinction on day two, and recovery test on day three. Individual difference data on self‐reported levels of cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, trait anxiety, and depression were collected. We did not detect a relationship between the two emotion regulation strategies measured in this study and acquisition or extinction. We found, however, that increased dispositional use of cognitive reappraisal was associated with lower spontaneous recovery to both the post‐retrieval extinction and standard extinction stimulus after controlling for age, trait anxiety, and depression. There were no associations between expressive suppression and conditioned responses. We also observed patterns of faster dissipation of arousal for reappraisal and slower for suppression to the conditioned stimulus during extinction training, which may represent the unique influence of each emotion strategy on the regulation of fear. We conclude greater daily use of cognitive reappraisal, but not expressive suppression, associates with extinction retention after receiving both standard and post‐retrieval extinction.