bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) DI INDUSTRI TAHU GUNUNG USAHA GIAT KABUPATEN KARO 2021
Authors: Nolia R Helfi , Sinaga Jernita , Tarigan Kristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstrakMemanfaatkan limbah cair tahu sebagai bahan baku Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dapat menjadi jalan dari masalah ketersediaan pupuk dan limbah yang mengotori lingkungan. Limbah cair tahu mengandung unsur hara N 1,24%, P2O5 5.54 %, K2O 1,34 % dan C-Organik 5,803 % yang merupakan unsur hara essensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dolomit pada limbah cair tahu dengan pH pupuk organic cair dan pengaruh POC limbah cair tahu terhadap pertumbuhan kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica.) Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli hingga September 2021 dengan susunan rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL), yang terdiri atas POC A: limbah cair tahu dan dolomit 2 kg; POC B: limbah cair tahu dan dolomit 1,5 kg; POC C: limbah cair tahu dan dolomit 0,5 kg; POC D: limbah cair tahu tanpa dolomit. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah POC B mempunyai pH limbah cair tahu dengan penambahan dolomit 1,5 kg (POC B) menghasilkan pH 7,4 (netral) sehingga POC B dikatagorikan pupuk organic cair yang berkualitas baik karena sudah memenuhi standar yang ditentukan untuk POC pH berkisar antara 7 – 7,5 yang bisa membuat pertumbuhan benih kangkung sebanyak 7 batang dan tinggi batang kangkung yang mengalami pertumbuhan pada hari 1 (pertama) : 4,2 cm an pada hari ke 6 (enam) tingginya : 5,8 cm . Pemberian pupuk cair organik limbah cair tahu dengan dolomit 1,5 kg atau POC B mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan ramah lingkungan dan siap dipasarkan dengan label FINATA MEGEMBURKata Kunci: Limbah Cair Tahu,Dolomit,pH,Pupuk Organik Cair (POC), Tahu
Seeking Convergence? A Comparative Analysis of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union on Seeking Asylum
Authors: Lysienia Maja 
Published: June 2022

Since 2009 two courts have been shaping human rights of asylum seekers in Europe: the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Side by side, the courts examined who is protected from refoulement, when and how asylum seekers can be detained and what remedies they should have access to. Did they seek convergence in their asylum case-law or paid no attention to each other’s jurisprudence? Did they establish a coherent standard of the asylum seekers’ protection in Europe? Judicial dialogue between the ECtHR and CJEU in the area of asylum is at the heart of this study. The book offers also a comprehensive overview of the asylum case-law of the two courts and identifies the main convergences and divergences in their approach to protection against refoulement, immigration detention and effective remedies.
Educación Religiosa Escolar en colegios católicos
Authors: Núñez Rodolfo , Jaramillo Fernández Patricio 
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la comprensión crítica que la comunidad educativa posee de la Educación Religiosa Escolar Católica (EREC) que se imparte en colegios católicos de nivel secundario de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. Se trabajó inquiriendo la perspectiva de jóvenes creyentes, jóvenes agnósticos, profesores de Religión y/o encargados de pastoral, profesores de otras asignaturas y apoderados.
La recolección de información se llevó adelante utilizando la metodología cualitativa, por medio de grupos focales y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de los resultados se efectuó desde la teoría fundada, llevando adelante una codificación abierta y su posterior codificación axial.
Los resultados alcanzados permiten formarse una panorámica de cómo estas comunidades escolares comprenden la EREC, sus valoraciones positivas y negativas, y conocer qué expectativas de cambio tienen respecto de ella.
La recolección de información se llevó adelante utilizando metodología cualitativa, por medio de grupos focales y entrevistas semi- estructuradas. El análisis de resultados se efectúo desde la Teoría Fundada, llevando adelante una codificación abierta y su posterior codificación axial.
Los resultados alcanzados permiten formarse una panorámica de lo que las comunidades escolares están demandando a la Educación Religiosa que se está impartiendo en los establecimientos educacionales.
An Arbitrarily High-order Spectral Difference Method with Divergence Cleaning (SDDC) for Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations on Unstructured Grids
Authors: Chen Kuangxu , Liang Chunlei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a recent development of the high-order spectral difference method with divergence cleaning (SDDC) for accurate simulations of both ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on curved unstructured grids consisting of high-order isoparametric quadrilateral elements. The divergence cleaning approach is based on the improved generalized Lagrange multiplier, which is thermodynamically consistent. The SDDC method can achieve an arbitrarily high order of accuracy in spatial discretization, as demonstrated in the test problems with smooth solutions. The high-order SDDC method combined with the artificial dissipation method can sharply capture shock interfaces with the oscillation-free property and resolve small-scale vortex structures and density fluctuations on relatively sparse grids. The robustness of the codes is demonstrated through long time simulations of ideal MHD problems with progressively interacting shock structures, resistive MHD problems with high Lundquist numbers, and viscous resistive MHD problems on complex curved domains.
An Early Assessment of the Forecast by the Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel
Authors: Carrasco V. M. S. , Vaquero J. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The effects of solar activity on technology have increased the interest in solar forecasting both in the scientific community and in society. With two and a half years of data available, we are approximately halfway to the maximum of Solar Cycle 25. Several research groups around the world published their predictions for this cycle. In this work, we assess the forecast made by the Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel. Analyzing the sunspot number data available, we conclude that Solar Cycle 25 is one of the weakest cycles since mid-18th century and, however, it is stronger than the initial forecast of the highest range predicted by the Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel for the two first years and a half of its ascending phase.
Radar and Optical Characterization of Near-Earth Asteroid 2019 OK
Authors: Zambrano-Marin Luisa Fernanda , Howell Ellen S. , Taylor Patrick A. , Marshall Sean E. , Devogèle Maxime , Virkki Anne K. , Hickson Dylan C. , Rivera-Valentín Edgard G. , Venditti Flaviane C. F. , Giorgini Jon D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We conducted radar observations of near-Earth asteroid 2019 OK on 2019 July 25 using the Arecibo Observatory S-band (2380 MHz, 12.6 cm) planetary radar system. Based on Arecibo and optical observations the apparent diameter is between 70 and 130 m. Combined with an absolute magnitude of H = 23.3 ± 0.3, the optical albedo of 2019 OK is likely between 0.05 and 0.17. Our measured radar circular polarization ratio of μ

C
= 0.33 ± 0.03 indicates 2019 OK is likely not a V- or E-type asteroid and is most likely a C- or S-type. The measured radar echo bandwidth of 39 ± 2 Hz restricts the apparent rotation period to be approximately between 3 minutes (0.049 hr, D = 70 m) and 5 minutes (0.091 h, D = 130 m). Together, the apparent diameter and rotation period suggest that 2019 OK is likely not a rubble-pile body bound only by gravity. 2019 OK is one of a growing number of fast-rotating near-Earth asteroids that require some internal strength to keep them from breaking apart.
Ensayo sobre los desafíos de los objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en la agenda 2030 en la educación
Authors: Anaya Falcon Lilia Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Entre los objetivos que se marcan en la agenda es una “Educación de calidad” que en lo personal me resulta el punto más importante ya que como lo planteó Nelson Mandela “La educación es el arma más poderosa que puedes usar para cambiar el mundo” Si comenzamos a trabajar por medio de la educación cada uno de los puntos que se abordan en la agenda podríamos lograr grandes cambios, sin embargo para cumplir en su totalidad esa meta se requieren instituciones comprometidas, docentes con vocación dispuestos a buscar un cambio en nuestra sociedad y lo más importante el apoyo total a los alumnos, comunidades, instancias de gobierno, así como de toda la ciudadanía sin excepción alguna, actualmente la educación aun no abarca todo el territorio necesario, hacen falta recursos o más bien dirigentes de gobierno que se enfoquen en invertir en temas realmente importantes como lo es la educación y la construcción de escuelas en cada uno de los rincones que abarcan nuestro país y el mundo entero, por otro lado hoy en día tenemos uno de los que considero el mayor aliado de la educación pero también representa un gran peligro si no se utiliza de la manera correcta por lo que me parece importante mencionar “los medios de comunicación, redes sociales y el acceso a internet” ya que por este medio podemos tener acceso a un sinfín de información que nos pudiera resultar útil al momento de tomar decisiones en diferentes ámbitos, también nos permite conocer e investigar cada una de las problemáticas por las que actualmente atravesamos como sociedad y conocer qué acciones se tomaron en otros países o regiones para poder erradicar o disminuir una situación o problemática por la que este pasando un individuo o sociedad, por mencionar algunos de los muchos beneficios que nos aportan las tecnologías y esta nueva modalidad de educación global.
Basic Tenets of Sandhigatavata w.s.r. Osteoarthritis and Assessment of Pharmacological Basis of Trayodasanga Guggulu: A Classical and Contemporary Overview
Authors: Rashmi Kathait  , Ajai Kumar Pandey  
Published: June 2022

Sandhigatavāta is comparable to osteoarthritis of modern medicine. It is a kind of articular degenerative disorders that can affect any joints but generally observed weight bearing joints. It is prevalent since antiquity and commonly exists among elderly age group. Osteoarthritis is the second most common rheumatologic problem and it is the most frequent joint disease with a prevalence of 22% to 39% in India. It is predominant in females as compared to male. Variety of herbal and herbo-mineral formulations are mentioned in Ayurvedic lexicons for its management, Trayodaśāṇga guggulu is one of them. In this concern, we have laid down an emphasis in brief on Sandhigatavaāta and trying to explore the classical and contemporary pharmacological aspects of Trayodaśāṇga guggulu for its management.
INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES ON QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MURANG’A COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mwaniki Wilson , Ogola Martin , Nyerere Jackline 
Published: June 2022

Statement of the Research Problem: Instructional resources play an important role in supplementing teachers’ classroom pedagogy and thus realization of quality education in public secondary schools. However, in Murang’a County, many public secondary schools registering a low quality of education.
Purpose of the Study: This study aimed at assessing the influence of instructional resources on quality of education in public secondary schools in Murang’a County, Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a correlation research design. This study targeted 292 principals and 3206 teachers totaling 3498 from which a sample of 360 respondents (10.3%) was determined using Yamane’s Formula. Using stratified sampling, eight strata considering sub-counties were created. From every sub-county, three principals were selected using purposive sampling. However, from each sub-county, 42 teachers (14 teachers per school) were selected using simple random sampling to avoid bias. Questionnaires were used to gather information from principals and teachers whereas a documentary checklist guide was used by the researcher. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and inferentially using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS 23) and presented by using tables.
Research Findings: The study established that students’ academic performance in national examinations (KCSE) is low, students’ completion rates with quality grades (C+ and above) are on a decreasing trend and levels and frequency of participation in co-curricular activities are low. From the study, despite the efforts by the government and other stakeholders in secondary education, levels of provision of instructional resources, facilities and teaching staff are still low, which has compromised the quality of secondary education.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study affirms the theoretical perspectives of the Education Production Function Theory since it revealed that there is a correlation between instruction resources and quality of education. Thus, as a practice, teachers should constantly utilize variety of instructional resources owing to their contribution to the quality of teaching offered to students. As a policy, the government should enforce full implementation of adequate provision of instructional resources as a solution to low levels of educational quality in public secondary schools.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE MENINGOKOCCAL POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS IN THE PREVACCINAL PERIOD
Authors: Kharkhal H. N. , Titov L. P. 
Published: June 2022

Meningococci circulating among the population of the Republic of Belarus during the observed pre-vaccination interepidemic period (2006–2019) is characterized by dynamism. A change in the serogroup structure was noted with a decrease of meningococci serogroup A and non-grouped strains; an increase of meningococci serogroups B and Z. Elimination of MenE and the emergence of MenW were observed. “Belarusian” meningococci are part of 13 known clonal complexes. CC-103 is represented by endemic ST and is associated with MenB and MenW; CC-41/44 evenly included serogroups B and C. CC-11 is responsible for the outbreak of meningococcal infection in 2016-2018 caused
by ST-11 MenW. CC-18 was characterized by the proliferation of serogroups B and C. Clonal complexes CC-53, CC-174 and CC-1136 represented by various meningococcal serogroups in the world population were associated in the territory of Belarus with MenB, MenC and MenA respectively. Among the ST CC-103 and CC-41/44 registered in the world, “Belarusian” meningococci are phylogenetically represented as a separate cluster.
Urinary Tract Infection and Its Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Akram Jehanzeb , Aslam Muhammad Hammad Ur Rehman , Ain Qurat Ul , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Mumtaz Madeeha , Bibi Somia 
Published: June 2022

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common health issue all over the world and several factors predispose the people to urinary tract infection.
Objective: The study aimed at determining the incidence of Urinary tract infection and factors associated with it.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 205 patients in a tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Simple convenient sampling and an established inclusion and exclusion criteria was applied to select the participants. After obtaining the informed consent from all participants, data was acquired via a self-designed proforma. Data analysis was carried out through SPSS version 25. Chi square test was applied to check the association between urinary tract infection and predisposing factors. The p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: The incidence of urinary tract infection was 12.68%. Urinary tract infection was significantly associated age group (p=0.003), gender (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.004), educational status (p=0.0001), socioeconomic status (p=0.005), previous history of UTI (p=0.0002), family history of UTI (p=0.0004), history of stone in urinary tract (p=0.003), history of recent use of antibiotics (p=0.04), history of catheterization (p=0.001), hygienic condition of external genitalia (p=0.0005), frequency of intercourse (p=0.04), history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.002), and hydration status (p=0.0007), whereas, association of urinary tract infection with holding urine was insignificant (p=0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence of urinary tract infection was high among research population. Risk factors that could lead to UTI were young age, female gender, married marital status, lower educational status, lower socioeconomic status, previous history of UTI, family history of UTI, history of stone in urinary tract, history of recent use of antibiotics, history of catheterization, poor hygienic condition of external genitalia, high frequency of intercourse, history of diabetes mellitus, and dehydration.
Recommendations: People should be educated about the UTI and its causes and prevention. People should also take special care when they are on antibiotics or when they are diabetics, to prevent UTI. People should maintain hygiene when they are catheterized and during intercourse. People should stay hydrated.
Suez Canal and Ottoman-European Relations
Authors: ABDELGALİL Ashraf Nabih 
Published: June 2022

عند افتتاح القناة للملاحة في السابع عشر من نوفمبر عام 1869، كان طولها 164 كيلو مترا، وعرضها عند مستوى سطح المياه 52 مترا وعمقها 7 أمتار ونصف متر، وكان غاطس السفن المسموح به للعبور لا يزيد عن 22,5 قدما ، وكانت الملاحة لا تتم في القناة إلا نهارا فقط.
واستمرت الملاحة نهارا في قناة السويس طوال 18 عاما متصلة، حتى أدخلت شركة القناة نظام الملاحة الليلية في اليوم الأول من مارس 1887.
أما الآن فإن طول القناة وصل الى 193.30 كم متر، وعمقها 24 متر، وعرضها من 205 الى 225 متر في بعض الأماكن وغاطس السفن 66 قدما.
ومنذ افتتاحها للعمل في عام 1869م وحتى الآن وهي تؤدي دورها في خدمة الملاحة العالمية، ولذلك كانت هدفا لأطماع القوى الاستعمارية الكبرى طوال تاريخها ، والذي انتهى بسيطرة بريطانيا عليها بعد احتلالها مصر سنة 1882م ، وحتى تأميمها بقرار من الرئيس المصري جمال عبد الناصر في 26يوليو 1956م ، وإنهاء عقد الامتياز الممنوح للشركة العالمية لقناة السويس بمقتضى فرمان 1854. كما كانت القناة مسرحا للحربين العالميتين الأولى والثانية، ثم العدوان الثلاثي على مصر سنة 1956م والعدوان الإسرائيلي سنة 1967م ؛ الذي تسبب في وقف القناة عن العمل حتى أعاد الرئيس المصري أنور السادات تشغيلها مرة ثانية بعد نصر أكتوبر سنة 1973م.
وفي هذا البحث أسلط الضوء على قناة السويس وتأثيرها في العلاقات العثمانية الأوروبية ، والهدف من حفرها ، ودوافع القوى الاوربية الاستعمارية للسيطرة عليها، وهل كانت القناة من أسباب تكالب القوى الأوروبية على الدولة العثمانية لإسقاطها ، حيث كانت مصر لفترة كبيرة من الزمن امتدت نحو أربعة قرون ولاية عثمانية ، وفي فتر ضعف الدولة العثمانية دار صراعا كبيرا بين بريطانيا وفرنسا للسيطرة عليها منذ مطلع القرن التاسع عشر.
A Computational Alanine Scanning of Heptapeptide RRRSAGM Targeting Dengue NS2B/NS3 Protease
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Ghazali , Abdalrazaq Nadeem Abdalsatar , Mohd Rawi Mohd Faizul Ridzal , Mohamad Suriani , Wahab Habibah A. , Kamarulzaman Ezatul Ezleen 
Published: June 2022

The pathogenic dengue virus (DV) transmitted mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito has been the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease and became a serious threat to global health issue in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The clinical symptoms ranging from mild to a fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, characterized by failure of the circulation system that may lead to death. There are still no drugs or vaccines available in the market to prevent or treat dengue infections. Hence, the development of successful drugs that are safe and offer a long-lasting protection against dengue viruses is needed. Recently, the discovery of peptides with high specificity, selectivity, and efficacy; and relatively safer than small-molecule drugs have become a promising agent for a new drug. Previously, a molecular dynamic simulation reported that peptide NRRRRSAGMI from the capsid’s cleavage region had the most hydrogen bonds with NS2B/NS3 protease, thus it leads into a starting linear heptapeptide R(P3)-R(P2)-R(P1)-S(P1’)-A(P2’)-G(P3’)-M(P4’). This study aimed to investigate the importance and specificity of individual amino acid residue of the heptapeptide substrate on the binding affinity and interaction to NS2B/NS3 dengue protease through computational alanine scanning. It showed that the changing of P1 and P2 arginine to alanine resulted to higher values of binding affinity. Thus, the arginine is an important residue at the P1 and P2 positions for the binding of the substrate peptide to DENV NS2B/NS3 protease, hence the amino acid residues which are essential for the enzyme-substrate interactions can be predicted through computational alanine scanning.
HIGHLIGHTS

Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus cause of arthropod-borne viral disease
The discovery of peptides became a potential agent for dengue virus and previously peptide NRRRRSAGMI has been reported as starting linear heptapeptide RRRSAGM
A computational alanine scanning based on the peptide RRRSAGM has been performed
S1 and S2 pockets show strong preferences for basic amino acids, whereas the S3 pocket is less selective for basic residue
The arginine at P1 and P2 positions of the heptapeptide substrate contribute significantly to the substrate binding affinity

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Analyses of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Temperature and Its Extremes over Nigeria using Climate Indices
Authors: Audu Moses Owoicho , Okeke Francisca Nnekka , Igbawua Tertsea 
Published: June 2022

Climate change and its associated extreme climate and extreme events are threat to man and his environment. Over the years, climatic parameters have been used as climate change indicators to study climate change. In order to access extreme climate due to climate change in Nigeria, this paper attempt to evaluate spatial distribution and temporal trends of temperature and its extremes over Nigeria for 35 years (1979 - 2013). Daily temperature data used were obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Lagos. The data was subjected to quality checked and homogenization. Climate extreme indices developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) was adopted in this study. The data were analysed employing Sen’s slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test. Results revealed that spatial distribution of temperature and its extremes over Nigeria varied across the country, increasing/decreasing mostly towards the northern or the coastal regions. Significant increase was observed at p < 0.05 in the temporal trends of averages of yearly maximum and minimum temperature and hot temperature indices in all the regions in line with the global warming trend. The increase in warm days and warm nights doubled the rate at which cold days and cold nights decreased in most of the study areas. The annual and decadal changes in temperature and its extremes as well as the period under investigation (35 years) were determined. Our findings depict that the country is trending towards a drier and warmer climate which are clear evidence of climate change. The results further suggest that the Atlantic Ocean and the Sahara Desert which control the atmospheric condition of the country may be promoter of the observed extreme events caused by climate change in Nigeria. This study discussed contemporary issues in our society which are useful to the general populace, researchers, and policy makers among others.
HIGHLIGHTS

Spatial distribution of temperature and its extremes over Nigeria varied across the country from one region to another
Maximum and minimum temperature and hot temperature indices increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the regions in line with the global warming trend
The increase in warm days/nights doubled the rate at which cold days/cold nights decreased in most of the regions
Our findings suggest that Atlantic Ocean and Sahara Desert which control the atmospheric conditions of Nigeria may promote extreme events caused by climate change in Nigeria

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT