bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What supports and constrains the implementation of multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored multifactorial falls prevention interventions in acute hospitals? Protocol for a realist review
Authors: Randell Rebecca , Wright Judy M , Alvarado Natasha , Healey Frances , Dowding Dawn , Smith Heather , Hardiker Nick , Gardner Peter , Ward Sue , Todd Chris , Zaman Hadar , McVey Lynn , Davey Christopher James , Woodcock David 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFalls are the most common type of safety incident reported by acute hospitals and can cause both physical (eg, hip fractures) and non-physical harm (eg, reduced confidence) to patients. It is recommended that, in order to prevent falls in hospital, patients should receive a multifactorial falls risk assessment and be provided with a multifactorial intervention, tailored to address the patient’s identified individual risk factors. It is estimated that such an approach could reduce the incidence of inpatient falls by 25%–30% and reduce the annual cost of falls by up to 25%. However, there is substantial unexplained variation between hospitals in the number and type of assessments undertaken and interventions implemented.Methods and analysisA realist review will be undertaken to construct and test programme theories regarding (1) what supports and constrains the implementation of multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored multifactorial falls prevention interventions in acute hospitals; and (2) how, why, in what contexts and for whom tailored multifactorial falls prevention interventions lead to a reduction in patients’ falls risk. We will first identify stakeholders’ theories concerning these two topics, searching Medline (1946–present) and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Health Management Information Consortium (1983–present) and CINAHL (1981–present). We will then test these theories systematically, using primary studies to determine whether empirical evidence supports, refutes or suggests a revision or addition to the identified theories.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require ethical approval. The review will provide evidence for how to implement multifactorial falls risk assessment and prevention strategies in acute hospital settings. This will be disseminated to academic and clinical audiences and will provide the basis for a future multi-site study through which the theories will be further refined.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020184458.
‘Slash and clear’ vector control for onchocerciasis elimination and epilepsy prevention: a protocol of a cluster randomised trial in Cameroonian villages
Authors: Siewe Fodjo Joseph Nelson , Vieri Melissa Krizia , Ngarka Leonard , Njamnshi Wepnyu Y , Nfor Leonard N , Mengnjo Michel Karngong , Hendy Adam , Enyong Peter A , Palmer Dennis , Basanez Maria-Gloria , Colebunders Robert , Njamnshi Alfred K 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOnchocerciasis, caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, remains endemic in Cameroon despite decades of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). CDTI is often hampered by coendemicity with loiasis (another filariasis caused by Loa loa) in some areas. Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that O. volvulus infection increases the risk for onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) among Cameroonian children. This highlights the urgent need to strengthen onchocerciasis elimination programmes in mesoendemic/hyperendemic areas. Novel alternative strategies, such as the ‘slash and clear’ (S&C) vector control method, may be required to complement ongoing CDTI to accelerate elimination of transmission. The short-term impact of S&C on the biting rates of the blackfly vectors has been demonstrated in other settings. However, its long-term effectiveness and impact on parasitological and serological markers of onchocerciasis transmission as well as on OAE are still unknown.Methods and analysisWe aim to assess the effectiveness of annual S&C interventions combined with CDTI in reducing onchocerciasis transmission and epilepsy incidence. Eight onchocerciasis-endemic villages located <5 km from the Mbam or Sanaga rivers will be randomised to two arms: four villages will receive yearly CDTI only for two consecutive years (Arm 1), while the other four villages will receive CDTI plus annual S&C for 2 years (Arm 2). Study outcomes (blackfly biting rates, infectivity rates and seroprevalence of onchocerciasis antibodies (Ov16 antibodies) in children, prevalence of microfilaridermia and epilepsy incidence) will be monitored prospectively and compared across study arms. We expect that S&C will have an added benefit over CDTI alone.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has received ethical approval from the institutional review board of the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board (reference number: IRB2021-03) and has been registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry. Findings will be disseminated at national and international levels via meetings and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberPACTR202101751275357.
Association between chronic bladder catheterisation and bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hird Amanda E , Saskin Refik , Liu Ying , Lee Yuna , Ajib Khaled , Matta Rano , Kodama Ronald , Carr Lesley , Kulkarni Girish S , Herschorn Sender , Narod Steven A , Nam Robert K 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the risk of bladder cancer and bladder cancer mortality among patients with chronic bladder catheterisation (indwelling or intermittent) to patients from the general population.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation-based study in Ontario, Canada between 2003 and 2018.ParticipantsAdult patients 18–90 years of age with chronic bladder catheterisation were hard matched to patients from the general population without a history of bladder catheterisation.InterventionsThe presence of a chronic catheter was defined as a minimum of two physician encounters for bladder catheterisation, suprapubic tube insertion or home care for catheter care separated by at least 28 days. Urinary tract infection (UTI) rates were collected.Main outcome measuresBladder cancer and bladder cancer-specific mortality after a 1-year lag period were compared between groups.ResultsWe identified 36 903 patients with chronic catheterisation matched to 110 709 patients without a history of catheterisation. Patients were followed for a median of 8.8 years (IQR: 5.2–11.9 years). The median age was 62 years (IQR: 50–71) and 52% were female. More patients in the catheter group developed bladder cancer (393 (1.1%) vs 304 (0.3%),p<0.001). There were 106 (0.3%) bladder cancer deaths in the catheter group and 59 (0.1%) in the comparison group (p<0.001). Chronic catheterisation (adjusted subdistribution HR (sdHR)=4.80, 95% CI: 4.26 to 5.42,p<0.001) and the number of UTIs (adjusted sdHR=1.04 per UTI, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.05,p<0.001) were independent predictors of bladder cancer. The relative rate of bladder cancer-specific death was more than eightfold higher among patients with chronic catheterisation (adjusted sdHR=8.68, 95% CI: 6.97 to 10.81,p<0.001). Subgroup analysis among patients with neurogenic bladder and bladder calculi similarly revealed an increased risk of bladder cancer diagnosis and mortality. Bladder cancer risk was highest among patients in the two longest catheter duration quintiles (2.9–5.9 and 5.9–15.5 years).ConclusionsThis is the first study to quantify the increase in bladder cancer incidence and mortality in a large, diverse cohort of patients with chronic indwelling or intermittent bladder catheterisation. The risk was highest among patients with a chronic catheter beyond 2.9 years.
Patient participation in Delphi surveys to develop core outcome sets: systematic review
Authors: Barrington Heather , Young Bridget , Williamson Paula R 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the design and conduct of core outcome set (COS) studies that have included patients as participants, exploring how study characteristics might impact their response rates.DesignSystematic review of COS studies published between 2015 and 2019 that included more than one patient, carer or representative as participants (hereafter referred to as patients for brevity) in scoring outcomes in a Delphi.ResultsThere were variations in the design and conduct of COS studies that included patients in the Delphi process, including differing: scoring and feedback systems, approaches to recruiting patients, length of time between rounds, use of reminders, incentives, patient and public involvement, and piloting. Minimal reporting of participant characteristics and a lack of translation of Delphi surveys into local languages were found. Additionally, there were indications that studies that recruited patients through treatment centres had higher round two response rates than studies recruiting through patient organisations.ConclusionsVariability was striking in how COS Delphi surveys were designed and conducted to include patient participants and other stakeholders. Future research is needed to explore what motivates patients to take part in COS studies and what factors influence COS developer recruitment strategies. Improved reporting would increase knowledge of how methods affect patient participation in COS Delphi studies.
Estimate of global human papillomavirus vaccination coverage: analysis of country-level indicators
Authors: Spayne Jacqueline , Hesketh Therese 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMortality rates from cervical cancer demonstrate deep inequality in health between richer and poorer populations. Over 310 000 women died of this preventable disease in 2018, mostly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where screening and treatment are beyond the capacity of health systems. Immunisation against human papillomavirus (HPV) offers a primary prevention strategy, but rates of vaccination uptake are unclear. Understanding coverage levels and factors affecting uptake can inform immunisation strategies.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the status of HPV vaccination coverage from nationally reported indicators and to estimate global coverage in a single year cohort of vaccine-eligible girls.DesignThis study provides quantitative population-level estimates of important global health indicators. Using data from the Global Cancer Observatory and WHO/UNICEF, incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer and HPV vaccination coverage are described for countries, categorised by income group. Characteristics of LMICs achieving high coverage are explored using selected development indicators from World Bank sources. Global HPV immunisation coverage is calculated and its impact on cervical cancer mortality estimated.ResultsIncidence and mortality for cervical cancer correlate with poverty. Whilst all WHO member states report high infant measles vaccination rates, fewer than half report on HPV vaccination. Even amongst high-income countries, coverage varies widely. In upper-middle-income countries, there is a trend for higher coverage with increased health spending per capita. Four LMICs report good coverage levels, all associated with external funding. Global HPV immunisation coverage for 2018 is estimated at 12.2%. Of the global cohort of 61 million 15-year-old girls in 2018, 7000 are likely to die from cervical cancer, almost all in LMICs.ConclusionsCountries in all income groups must devise strategies to achieve and maintain higher levels of HPV immunisation. For all but the richest, affordability remains a barrier.
Qualitative Behavior of Solutions of Tenth-Order Recursive Sequence Equation
Authors: Elsayed E. M. , Alofi B. S. , Khan Abdul Qadeer 
Published: February 2022

Most nonlinear difference equations have exact solutions that are not always possible to obtain theoretically. As a result, a large number of researchers investigate several qualitative aspects of difference equations in order to predict their lengthy behavior. The goal of our research is to obtain the solutions of a tenth-order difference equation

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, where the initial values are positive real numbers. Stability and periodicity are also investigated.
Response Cries or Response Statements? A Cross-Linguistic Analysis of Interjectional Expressions in Japanese and English
Authors: Izutsu Mitsuko Narita , Kim Yong-Taek , Izutsu Katsunobu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Goffman (1978: 800) claims that “[a] response cry doesn’t seem to be a statement in the linguistic sense (even a heavily elided one),” which suggests that such cries do not have the linguistic structures of statements (or descriptions) of either a speaker’s emotion/sensation or evaluation of a situation. This study conducted a questionnaire survey targeting Japanese and American English speakers to investigate expressions they will produce under eight circumstances of Goffman’s response cries. The results were contrary to Goffman’s claim. About half of the Japanese response cries were “descriptive interjections” like Ita(i) ‘Painful’ and Yaba(i) ‘Awful,’ and so were about 17 percent of the American response cries. On the other hand, non-descriptive interjections (swear words, vocatives) were more favoured by American English speakers, but extremely rare in Japanese. This study also addresses the questions of sociality and/or dialogicity of response cries in the two languages.
Polskie środowisko naukowe w Republice Litewskiej
Authors: Wakar Marcin 
Published: February 2022

The Polish Academic Community in the Republic of LithuaniaIn this article the author presents the results of his research conducted during a scholarship at the Lithuanian Institute of History in Vilnius in autumn 2011. The study describes the activity of the Polish academic community in Lithuania, gathered mainly in the Association of Polish Scientists in Lithuania and in several academic centers of Vilnius. The author discusses their initiatives, such as the establishment of the Polish University in Vilnius or the creation of a subsidiary of the University of Białystok. He also focuses on the role of the University of Vilnius and the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences. The article is based on print sources – books, academic journals and the Polish-language press in Lithuania – as well as in-depth interviews with a number of representatives of the Polish academic community in the country.
Assessing the Sensitivity of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer to the Parameterization of Momentum Flux in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Nardi Kyle M. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Larson Vincent E. , Bryan George H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that high-resolution (∼25 km) Earth System Models (ESMs) have the potential to skillfully predict tropical cyclone (TC) occurrence and intensity. However, biases in ESM TCs still exist, largely due to the need to parameterize processes such as boundary layer (PBL) turbulence. Building on past studies, we hypothesize that the depiction of the TC PBL in ESMs is sensitive to the configuration of the PBL parameterization scheme, and that the targeted perturbation of tunable parameters can reduce biases. The Morris one-at-a-time (MOAT) method is implemented to assess the sensitivity of the TC PBL to tunable parameters in the PBL scheme in an idealized configuration of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (CAM6). The MOAT method objectively identifies several parameters in an experimental version of the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) scheme that appreciably influence the structure of the TC PBL. We then perturb the parameters identified by the MOAT method within a suite of CAM6 ensemble simulations and find a reduction in model biases compared to observations and a high-resolution, cloud-resolving model. We demonstrate that the high-sensitivity parameters are tied to PBL processes that reduce turbulent mixing and effective eddy diffusivity, and that in CAM6 these parameters alter the TC PBL in a manner consistent with past modeling studies. In this way, we provide an initial identification of process-based input parameters that, when altered, have the potential to improve TC predictions by ESMs.
Serratus Anterior-Rib Composite Flap as a Novel Approach for Tracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Boudreaux Kyle A. , Bui Roger , Horwich Peter , Chang Brent A. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To report a novel case of tracheal reconstruction using a serratus anterior-rib composite flap. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 46-year-old male with a 4 cm anterior tracheal wall defect underwent reconstruction with a serratus anterior-rib composite flap. The patient experienced excellent results regarding phonation, swallowing, and cosmesis. Conclusion: The serratus anterior-rib composite flap appears to be a suitable candidate for tracheal reconstruction and merits further analysis in this context. The flap’s intrinsic incorporation of a perfused rib segment allows for reliable reconstruction of the neotrachea and maintenance of proximal dynamic airway support.
Project-Based Learning in a Mechanical Engineering Course: A new proposal based on student's views
Authors: Barbosa Flavia V , Lobarinhas Pedro AM , Teixeira Senhorinha FCF , Teixeira José CF 
Published: February 2022

The evolution of learning in higher education is nowadays evident. Several discussions and studies have been performed about new methodologies that can disrupt the way the classes are taught in universities. In this context, Project-Based Learning (PBL) is the most emphasized. In the Mechanical Engineering course at the University of Minho (UM), the Integration Project (IP) courses apply a PBL methodology, being these classes the differentiating element of the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (IMME) compared with other Portuguese universities. However, even if the innovative aspect of this approach is recognized nationally, the opinions between students and Professors, about the structure and organization of this class, are still divided. In that sense, this work presents a new proposal for the IP courses in which the opinion of students and successful models implemented in international universities are considered. This study analyses the best PBL methodologies implemented in Engineering courses and presents a PBL model actually implemented at the IMME. This information is combined with the student's views obtained from a survey conducted at the Department of Mechanical Engineering (DEM), regarding the actual PBL model. Through this study, a new proposal for the IP courses is presented. This proposal intends to provide an effective answer to the necessity of the students, using successful tools and methodologies to improve the teaching and learning process in the IMME course. Through this proposal, it is expected to increase the learning process and motivation of the students making them better prepared for a productive profession.
Attitudes and use patterns for mobile technology and upper extremity home exercises in stroke survivors in the United States
Authors: Kim Hayejin , Kim Grace J 
Published: February 2022

Introduction The use of mobile technology (MT) in home-based occupational therapy is expected to continue growing. This study describes daily use patterns for MT and upper extremity (UE) home exercise programs (HEPs) for community-dwelling stroke survivors in the United States. Method Cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate comparisons. Results N = 61 (30 stroke and 31 controls). Individuals with stroke had similar levels of knowledge, skill, and use of MT compared with non-disabled age-matched adults. Stroke participants used MT more frequently for information searching, social media, and reminders compared to control participants. Stroke participants were motivated to improve UE function (93.3%) and reported a need for additional HEP training (56.7%). Perceived facilitators to improve UE use included talking to peers (73.3%), getting more information (73.3%), and talking to a therapist (63.3%). Conclusions MT may have multiple potential benefits when integrated into occupational therapy practice including supporting instrumental ADLs, facilitating social connection, and increasing adherence to UE HEPs. Future work should focus on maximizing adherence and providing performance feedback through the use of social media to promote peer support and consistent remote communication using text messaging, phone calls, or video calls to deliver information and reminders on exercises.
Efficacy and Safety of Immediate-Release Nifedipine in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Seto Stephanie L. , Barra Megan E. , Hamidi Arzo , Sin Jonathan H. , Devine Lauren T. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Immediate-release nifedipine (IRN) is a calcium channel blocker with potent vasodilatory and antihypertensive properties. Safety concerns led to a black box warning for increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and arrhythmias. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRN for acute blood pressure lowering in critically ill patients. Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was performed in critically ill patients who received at least one dose of IRN. The primary endpoint was the change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured at baseline and 1 hour after first administration of IRN. Secondary outcomes included clinically significant hypotension, defined as an absolute reduction in SBP ≥ 15% or vasopressor initiation within 1 hour after administration; incidence of arrhythmias, stroke, or myocardial injury; and time to transition off antihypertensive infusions. Results: IRN resulted in a median [interquartile range] SBP change of −10 [−21 to −1] mmHg between baseline 142 mmHg [124-155] and 1 h post-administration 127 mmHg [114-144]; P < .001. Twenty-seven percent of patients experienced clinically significant hypotension, with hypotension observed in 24% and vasopressors initiated in 4% of patients. Sixteen percent of patients experienced new-onset arrhythmia and 18% experienced myocardial injury following IRN during hospitalization. Median time to transition off intravenous (IV) continuous infusion antihypertensives was 8.5 [0-31.5] hours. Conclusion: IRN led to a reduction in SBP which may have been associated with clinically significant hypotension and need for vasopressor support. Further studies with direct comparisons to alternatives are needed to determine the true association of adverse events with IRN.