bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of sibship composition on language development at 2 years of age in the ELFE birth cohort study
Authors: Gurgand Lilas , Lamarque Loïa , Havron Naomi , Bernard Jonathan Y. , Ramus Franck , Peyre Hugo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe number of older siblings a child has is negatively correlated with the child's verbal skills, an effect that is well known in the literature. However, few studies have examined the effect of older siblings’ sex, of the age gap between siblings, of having foreign‐speaking parents, as well as the mediating role of parental interaction. Using data from 12,296 children (49.3% female) from the French ELFE birth cohort, we analyzed the effect of these characteristics of the siblings and their family on children's expressive vocabulary measured using the French MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory. Children's vocabulary at age 2 years was negatively associated with the number of older siblings (−0.08 SD per additional sibling), and this effect was partly mediated by parental interactions. In analyses restricted to children with one older sibling, the vocabulary score was negatively correlated with the age gap between the target child and their older sibling. The vocabulary score was not correlated to their sibling's sex, contrary to the result of a previous study. In addition, the effect of the number of siblings was less negative in foreign speaking families that in French speaking families, suggesting that older siblings might partly compensate for the effect of having foreign‐speaking parents. Overall, our results are consistent with the resource dilution (stating that parents have limited resources to distribute among their children) and inconsistent with the confluence model (stating that a child's cognitive ability is correlated to the mean cognitive ability of the family).Research Highlights
Our results are consistent with the resource dilution model and inconsistent with the confluence model
The negative effect of the number of siblings on expressive vocabulary is partly mediated by parental interactions
Larger age gaps between a child and their older sibling are associated with lower expressive vocabulary score
Skin biopsy reveals generalized small fibre neuropathy in hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Authors: Igharo Denver , Thiel Joana C. , Rolke Roman , Akkaya Merve , Weis Joachim , Katona Istvan , Schulz Jörg B. , Maier Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeEhlers–Danlos syndromes are hereditary disorders of connective tissue that are characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility. The most common subtype is the hypermobile type. In addition to symptoms of small fibre neuropathy (SFN) due to damage to the small peripheral nerve fibres, with degeneration of the distal nerve endings, autonomic disorders such as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) are frequently reported features in patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS). To date, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not completely understood.Study PurposeTo better understand pathophysiological mechanisms of small fiber neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy in hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndromes.MethodsWe prospectively investigated 31 patients with hEDS compared to 31 healthy controls by using skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing, tilt‐table testing, the painDetect, Small Fibre Neuropathy Screening List and the COMPASS‐31 (Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31) questionnaire.ResultsNineteen (61%) patients with hEDS were diagnosed with SFN, and 10 (32%) fulfilled the criteria for PoTS. Patients with hEDS had significantly higher heart rates than controls. According to quantitative sensory testing, these patients had generalized thermal and tactile hypesthesia. Skin biopsy revealed significantly reduced intraepithelial nerve fibre density proximally (thigh) and distally (lower leg) in patients compared to controls. This was consistent with various complaints of pain and sensory disturbances in both the proximal and distal body regions.ConclusionThese results confirm histologically proven SFN as a common feature in patients with hEDS, revealing a generalized distribution of nerve fibre loss. Regarding the frequently reported autonomic and neuropathic dysfunctions, the findings support SFN as an important, but not the only, underlying pathomechanism.
Longitudinal study of clinical and neurophysiological features in essential tremor
Authors: Angelini Luca , Paparella Giulia , De Biase Alessandro , Maraone Annalisa , Panfili Matteo , Berardelli Isabella , Cannavacciuolo Antonio , Di Vita Antonella , Margiotta Roberta , Fabbrini Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo , Bologna Matteo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeEssential tremor (ET) is a common and heterogeneous disorder characterized by postural/kinetic tremor of the upper limbs and other body segments and by non‐motor symptoms, including cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities. Only a limited number of longitudinal studies have comprehensively and simultaneously investigated motor and non‐motor symptom progression in ET. Possible soft signs that configure the ET‐plus diagnosis are also under‐investigated in follow‐up studies. We aimed to longitudinally investigate the progression of ET manifestations by means of clinical and neurophysiological evaluation.MethodsThirty‐seven ET patients underwent evaluation at baseline (T0) and at follow‐up (T1; mean interval ± SD = 39.89 ± 9.83 months). The assessment included the clinical and kinematic evaluation of tremor and voluntary movement execution, as well as the investigation of cognitive and psychiatric disorders.ResultsA higher percentage of patients showed tremor in multiple body segments and rest tremor at T1 as compared to T0 (all p‐values < 0.01). At T1, the kinematic analysis revealed reduced finger‐tapping movement amplitude and velocity as compared to T0 (both p‐values < 0.001). The prevalence of cognitive and psychiatric disorders did not change between T0 and T1. Female sex, absence of family history, and rest tremor at baseline were identified as predictive factors of worse disease progression.ConclusionsET progression is characterized by the spread of tremor in multiple body segments and by the emergence of soft signs. We also identified possible predictors of disease worsening. The results contribute to a better understanding of ET classification and pathophysiology.
Comparative efficacy and safety of monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors plus channel blockers and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors as adjuvant therapy to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yan Rui , Cai Huihui , Cui Yusha , Su Dongning , Cai Guoen , Lin Fabin , Feng Tao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors plus channel blockers (MAO‐BIs plus) are a new class of antiparkinsonian drug with additional mechanisms of action for their property as ion channel blockers. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of MAO‐BIs plus and conventional MAO‐BIs, as well as their corresponding doses, as adjuvant therapy to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodRandomized controlled trials enrolling PD patients treated with selegiline, rasagiline, safinamide or zonisamide as adjuvant therapy to levodopa were identified. Bayesian network meta‐analysis was conducted.ResultsThirty‐one randomized controlled trials comprising 7142 PD patients were included. Compared with levodopa monotherapy, the combination therapy of MAO‐BIs and levodopa was significantly more effective, with a mean difference of 2.74 (1.26–4.18) on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score change for selegiline, 2.67 (1.45–3.87) for safinamide, 2.2 (0.98–3.64) for zonisamide and 2.04 (1.24–2.87) for rasagiline. No significant difference was detected amongst MAO‐BIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking results showed that safinamide 100 mg and rasagiline 1 mg ranked first in improving UPDRS III and UPDRS II, respectively. Zonisamide 100 mg ranked first in reducing OFF time. For safety outcomes, rasagiline was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events than placebo and safinamide. MAO‐BIs plus had a higher probability of being safer agents compared to conventional MAO‐BIs.ConclusionsMonoamine oxidase type B inhibitors plus, conventional MAO‐BIs and the corresponding doses are similar in efficacy in PD treatment. MAO‐BIs plus might be safer than conventional MAO‐BIs. Head‐to‐head comparisons are needed for further investigation.
Individuality and community: The limits of social constructivism
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIs selfhood socially constituted and distributed? Although the view has recently been defended by some cognitive scientists, it has long been popular within anthropology and cultural psychology. Whereas older texts by Marcel Mauss, Clifford Geertz, Hazel Rose Markus, and Shinobu Kitayama often contrast a Western conception of a discrete, bounded, and individual self with a non‐Western sociocentric conception, it has more recently become common to argue that subjectivity is a fluid intersectional construction fundamentally relational and conditioned by discursive power structures. I assess the plausibility of these claims and argue that many of these discussions of self and subjectivity remain too crude. By failing to distinguish different dimension of selfhood, many authors unwittingly advocate a form of radical social constructivism that is not only incapable of doing justice to first‐person experience but which also fails to capture the heterogeneity of real communal life.
Phycoerythrin as a potential natural colourant: A mini review
Authors: George Reenu , John Jenny Ann 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFood colours from natural resources have rapidly increased in popularity in recent years, with increased demand from the industry and health‐conscious consumers. Natural pigments may be of plant, animal or microbial origin. The pigments derived from microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and microalgae are in higher demand as reliable sources of natural food colours. Similarly, the commercial use of algae has received a lot of attention, due to its potential applications in a variety of fields, including food, cosmetics, agriculture, horticulture and in human health. Chlorophylls, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) and phycobilins are the three main families of photosynthetic pigments found in algae. In spite of its great demand, the application of phycoerythrin (PE), a red‐coloured pigment under the phycobilin family, is however very challenging in terms of its extraction and stability under normal conditions. It is found in cyanobacteria (prokaryotic green‐blue microalgae) and microalgae (eukaryotic microalgae). The present review intends to provide an insight into the less explored phycoerythrin pigment, its sources, properties, extraction techniques and applications in the food industry.
Interleukin‐3 stabilizes CD124/IL‐4α surface expression in mast cells via Tyk2 and STAT6
Authors: Drube Sebastian , Strotmann Birgit , Wegner Philine , Jäger Ute‐Maria , Küchler Claudia , Andreas Nico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐4 signals can modulate mast cells, which express the IL‐4Rα chain. The IL‐4Rα can heterodimerise with the common γ‐chain and utilizes JAK1 and JAK2 for signal transduction, while complexes of IL‐4Rα with IL‐13Rα1 subunit mediates signals via JAK2 and Tyk2. Here, we report that IL‐3 is an essential factor for the continuous expression of the IL‐4Rα chain on mast cells, which did not express the IL‐13Rα1 chain. We demonstrate that the signals induced by IL‐3 important for IL‐4Rα expression are mediated by Tyk2 and STAT6 activation and the subsequent maintenance of HSP90 levels. In line with that, inhibition of either Tyk2, STAT6 or HSP90 impaired the IL‐3‐induced IL‐4Rα upregulation. Consequently, the IL‐3 maintained IL‐4Rα surface expression via Tyk2 is essential for the costimulatory effect of IL‐4 on the IL‐33‐induced production of IL‐6 and IL‐13.
Challenges and future directions in the measurement of evidence‐based practice: Qualitative analysis of umbrella review findings
Authors: Roberge‐Dao Jacqueline , Maggio Lauren A. , Zaccagnini Marco , Rochette Annie , Shikako Keiko , Boruff Jill , Thomas Aliki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesAn important aspect of scholarly discussions about evidence‐based practice (EBP) is how EBP is measured. Given the conceptual and empirical developments in the study of EBP over the last 3 decades, there is a need to better understand how to best measure EBP in educational and clinical contexts. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the main challenges, recommendations for practice, and areas of future research in the measurement of EBP across the health professions as reported by systematic reviews (SRs).MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data obtained in the context of a previously published umbrella review that aimed to compare SRs on EBP measures. Two reviewers independently extracted excerpts from the results and discussion/conclusion sections of the 10 included SRs that aligned with the three research aims. An iterative six‐phase reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke was conducted.ResultsOur thematic analysis produced five themes describing the main challenges associated with measuring EBP, four themes outlining main recommendations for practice, and four themes representing areas of future research. Challenges include limited psychometric testing and validity evidence for existing EBP measures; limitations with the self‐report format; lack of construct clarity of EBP measures; inability to capture the complexity of the EBP process and outcomes; and the context‐specific nature of EBP measures. Reported recommendations for practice include acknowledging the multidimensionality of EBP; adapting EBP measures to the context and re‐examining the validity argument; and considering the feasibility and acceptability of measures. Areas of future research included the development of comprehensive, multidimensional EBP measures and the need for expert consensus on the operationalization of EBP.ConclusionsThis study suggests that existing measures may be insufficient in capturing the multidimensional, contextual and dynamic nature of EBP. There is a need for a clear operationalization of EBP and an improved understanding and application of validity theory.
An evaluation of the convergent validity of a face‐to‐face and virtual neuropsychological assessment counter balanced
Authors: Krynicki Carl R. , Hacker David , Jones Christopher A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the need for further research evaluating the validity of conducting a battery of neuropsychological assessments virtually compared with face‐to‐face administration. Previous research has suggested that some neuropsychological assessments yield valid results when administered virtually, however, much of the previous research focused on older adults. To determine the validity of virtually administered neuropsychological tests, 28 healthy participants were assessed using a within‐subjects, counter‐balanced design. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment battery covering tests of general intellectual functioning, memory and attention, executive functioning, language and information processing speed, as well as effort. There was no significant difference between face‐to‐face administration of the neuropsychological battery compared with virtual administration for the majority of the tests used. However, there were significant differences in the Colour Naming Task, with participants making fewer errors on the colour naming task and inhibition/switching task when administered virtually compared with face‐to‐face administration. There was also a significant age cohort effect in the inhibition/switching task. There was also a trending significant difference in mode of administration for the Verbal Fluency Task. Virtually administered neuropsychological assessments largely provide a valid alternative to face‐to‐face assessments; however, consideration must be given to test selection as well as the population of participants that are being assessed. Other important considerations must focus on preserving the security and integrity of test materials, as well as administration in a medico‐legal setting. Future research should focus on validating assessments with specific patient populations and developing a neuropsychological assessment battery using information technology.
Results of the patch tests with European baseline series in children: Five years of experience from a single center in Turkey and a review of the literature
Authors: Kakşi Sümeyye Altıntaş , Kahraman Filiz Cebeci , Akdeniz Necmettin , Özen Tunç 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is increasingly prevalent. Patch testing is the gold‐standard diagnostic method.AimsOur study aimed to identify common contact‐sensitizing allergens in Turkish children.Patients/MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patch test results and characteristics of 191 pediatric patients [114 (59.7%) females, 77 (40.3%) males], who received the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis between 2015 and 2019.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 12.2 years (range 4–18 years). Thirty‐six (18.8%) of the patients in the study group had positive patch test outcomes with 56 positive allergens. Girls had a significantly higher rate of total positive patch test results than boys (75%/25%; p = 0.003, p < 0.05). The most frequent four allergens were nickel sulfate (n = 20, 10.4%), cobalt chloride (n = 6, 3.14%), p‐phenylenediamine (n = 5, 2.61%), Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (n = 5, 2.61%), respectively.ConclusionsIn our study, we discovered that in addition to the frequently encountered metal allergens such as nickel and cobalt, p‐phenylenediamine and Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone sensitivities were frequent in the Turkish population. p‐phenylenediamine sensitization can cause serious systemic dermatitis during the lifetime of children. We suggest that in Turkey personal care and hygiene products containing Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone should be legally regulated. Since childhood contact dermatitis may have an impact on the quality of life by influencing family and social life, suspected allergens should be detected as early as possible.
Helpful encounters with mental health nurses in Australia: A survey of service users and their supporters
Authors: Lakeman Richard , Foster Kim , Hazelton Mike , Roper Cath , Hurley John 
Published: November 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?Most nurses who work in mental health in Australia have completed a comprehensive nursing programme at a university. This training has been widely criticized and has not produced “job‐ready” graduates. Public inquiries into mental health services have highlighted the need for transformation of mental health services and concern about future nursing shortages.What the paper adds to existing knowledge?This survey highlights what service users and supporters perceive are useful nursing skills and capabilities. The characteristics of helpful encounters with nurses are also described.What are the implications for practice?Helpful nursing practice is aligned with traditional nursing values and theory, rather than the performance of specific tasks. Improving the retention of nurses to this specialty area of practice requires educational processes to enable nurses to enact values, develop their therapeutic potential and undertake facilitative and supportive practices which are helpful to service users.AbstractIntroductionSuccessive inquiries into mental health services in Australia have identified the need for major reform of services and proposed a return to direct‐entry nursing training.Aim/QuestionTo identify what service users, family and supporters have found helpful in their encounters with nurses in mental health settings.MethodA survey of 95 service users and supporters rated the importance of the capabilities and competencies of nurses. They also shared examples of helpful encounters with nurses which were subject to thematic analysis.ResultsThe most highly rated competencies were around demonstrating caring, empathy and understanding, and responding effectively in crisis situations. Helpful encounters involved enacted values, highly skilful interpersonal and psychotherapeutic engagement and practices that were facilitative and supportive.DiscussionThe process and content of pre‐registration nursing training needs to refocus on the nurse meeting the needs of service users and supporters, rather than the instrumental needs of services today.Implications for PracticeEducational reform may be necessary but insufficient to address anticipated nursing workforce shortages. Policymakers and health service directors need to align services with mental health nursing values and promote practices aligned with what service users and their supporters report as helpful.
You've Been Warned: Does Information About Pitfalls of Technological Toys Affect Caregiver Behavior?
Authors: Hassinger‐Das Brenna , Dore Rebecca A. , Zosh Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough the presence of toys in childhood has remained steady for decades, the types of toys that fill children's toy boxes have changed, especially over the last 10–15 years. Many of today's toys are marked by technological enhancements, from a shape sorter driven by a singing bear to robotic plastic animals designed to match a toddler's favorite television show. Although examining the effects of these changes is still an unexplored area, research to date suggests that there may be costs to the quality of caregiver–child interaction when using these toys together. This leads to two possibilities: (1) the design of the enhancements themselves hurt interactions; or (2) these toys can still be beneficial to interactions, but caregivers simply need to be aware of the potential pitfalls. In this study, we explore whether providing caregivers with a subtle cue about the potential negative impacts of technological toys on caregiver–child interaction affects their behavior.