bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting lived experiences of pre‐nursing students during COVID‐19 with learner well‐being: A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Urban Regina W. , Jennings Leslie A. , Darr Kendall 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo explore pre‐nursing students' experiences and identify factors influencing their well‐being as learners during COVID‐19.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsShort answer study data (n = 289) were collected in Fall 2020 as part of a larger IRB‐approved survey‐based study focused on pre‐nursing students. Participants were presented with three short answer questions designed to elicit a description of their experiences as a pre‐nursing student. NVivo and reflexive thematic analysis were used to analyse participant responses.ResultsSix themes related to learner well‐being emerged from the data. Learner well‐being was supported by achieving academic goals, experiencing positive feelings about current course content, creating connections with peers and envisioning themselves as nurses in the future. Negative contributors to pre‐nursing student well‐being included managing fears of program rejection and juggling multiple roles and demands. Online learning necessitated by COVID‐19 created opportunities for loneliness and isolation from peers, technological difficulties and additional psychological stress, which also contributed negatively to learner well‐being.ConclusionThese findings illustrate pre‐nursing students' experiences and provide support for the influence of the learning environment and factors within the individual on the well‐being of learners.ImpactStudents preparing to apply to nursing programs are an understudied population and little is known about their well‐being as learners. Survey‐based open‐ended short answer questions can be utilized to gain rich insight into their experiences. The study themes and sub‐themes can be utilized for discussion and reflection in courses with pre‐nursing students and as a starting point for additional conversations between pre‐nursing students and educators regarding improving the support of well‐being in learners. Additional research and evidence‐based interventions that promote learner well‐being in pre‐nursing students are needed as they prepare for nursing program admission and to support their academic progression.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the public were not involved in the design or conduct of the study, analysis, or interpretation of the data, or in the preparation of the manuscript because the study focus is on gaining an understanding the experiences of pre‐nursing students and their well‐being.
Inbreeding depression on growth and prolificacy traits in two lines of rabbit
Authors: Piles Miriam , Sánchez Juan Pablo , Pascual Mariam , Rodríguez‐Ramilo Silvia Teresa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInbreeding depression in closed populations impairs animal fitness, health, and productivity. However, not all inbreeding is expected to be equally damaging. Recent inbreeding is thought to be more harmful than ancient inbreeding because selection decreases the frequency of unfavourable alleles with time. Accordingly, selection efficiency is improved by inbreeding in a process called purging. This research aimed to quantify inbreeding depression on growth and prolificacy traits in two lines of rabbits selected for just one growth (Caldes line) or prolificacy (Prat line) trait, and also to find some evidence of purging of deleterious alleles by selection. Caldes line comprised 51 generations and 124,371 animals in the pedigree. Prat line comprised 34 generations and 161,039 animals in the pedigree. The effects of old, intermediate, and new inbreeding (Fold, Fint, and Fnew), as well as total cumulated classical inbreeding (F) and 3 measurements of ancestral inbreeding (AHC, Fa.K, and Fa.B) were estimated for average daily gain (ADG), slaughter weight (SW), weaning weight (WW), born alive (BA), the total number of kits (NT), and the number of weaned kits (NW). There was a clear inbreeding depression for all growth and prolificacy traits in the Caldes line (−7.19 g/d, −0.45 kg, −0.25 kg, −6 kits, −4 kits, and −4 kits per unit of increase in F for ADG, SW, WW, BA, NT, and NW, respectively) and also in Prat line (−7.48 g/d, −0.31 kg, −0.11 kg, −4 kits, −5 kits, and −4 kits per unit of increase in F for ADG, SW, WW, BA, NT, and NW, respectively). The inbreeding partition appears to be a reliable alternative for assessing inbreeding depression and purging. Thus, for example, in the Caldes line and for ADG the regression coefficients were −7.61, −5.41, and 7.76 g/d per unit of increase in Fnew, Fint, and Fold, respectively. In addition, AHC and Fa.B may provide more accurate evidence of purging than Fa.K. This study confirms the existence of inbreeding depression for growth and prolificacy traits in both lines of rabbits and shows evidence of purging of deleterious recessive alleles involved both in growth and prolificacy, independently of the selection criteria established in the line.
Fully Gibbs Sampling Algorithms for Bayesian Variable Selection in Latent Regression Models
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Zhang Jihong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study proposed Gibbs sampling algorithms for variable selection in a latent regression model under a unidimensional two‐parameter logistic item response theory model. Three types of shrinkage priors were employed to obtain shrinkage estimates: double‐exponential (i.e., Laplace), horseshoe, and horseshoe+ priors. These shrinkage priors were compared to a uniform prior case in both simulation and real data analysis. The simulation study revealed that two types of horseshoe priors had a smaller root mean square errors and shorter 95% credible interval lengths than double‐exponential or uniform priors. In addition, the horseshoe+ prior was slightly more stable than the horseshoe prior. The real data example successfully proved the utility of horseshoe and horseshoe+ priors in selecting effective predictive covariates for math achievement.
Random encounters and information diffusion about product quality
Authors: Gabszewicz Jean J. , Marini Marco A. , Zanaj Skerdilajda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how social interactions among consumers shape markets. In a two‐country model, consumers meet and exchange information about the quality of the goods. As information spreads, demand evolves, affecting the prices and quantities manufactured by profit‐maximizing firms. We show that market prices with informational frictions reach the duopoly price with full information at the limit. However, this convergence can take different paths depending on the size asymmetry between countries. In particular, when the country producing the low‐quality good is relatively large, the single market does not immediately turn into a duopoly and can be temporarily trapped in a situation of price instability where no Nash equilibrium in pure (but only in mixed) strategies exists and prices can fluctuate between their monopoly and duopoly levels. It follows that the classical price‐reducing effects of international trade may take longer to appear. In view of an intense globalization process, understanding how social meetings affect market outcomes is critical for understanding the performance of international economic integration.
4D printing of mixed vegetable gel based on deformation and discoloration induced by acidification and dehydration
Authors: Huang Yiwen , Zhang Min , Pattarapon Phuhongsung , Mujumdar Arun S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research was aimed at exploring the feasibility of 4D printing of Chinese cabbage puree–carrot powder–xanthan gum mixed gel system using white vinegar and hot air dehydration (HAD) as stimuli to realize double change of shape and color. Firstly, 4D printability of five mixed vegetable gels (MVG) were characterized by water distribution and rheological properties. The results showed that apparent viscosity, G′, G″, G* and yield stress were positively related to carrot powder content, while transverse relaxation time (T2) were negatively related to it. Next, the formula with 15% carrot powder content was chosen as printing ink due to its better 4D printing behavior. The results showed that bending angle reached the maximum (371.01°) at 210 min, and initial green color completely turned brown at 120 min. Finally, complex models such as butterfly and four‐petal flowers were further applied to verify the feasibility of this 4D food printing.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides a simple but innovative method for simultaneous deformation and discoloration of 3D printed objects. These procedures would allow chlorophyll‐rich vegetarian dishes show deformation and discoloration before consumption for added interest.
Study on the optimization of barley flour xerogel and its programed oleomorphic 3D shape‐shifting
Authors: Cheeyattil Subith , Rajan Anbarasan , Stephen Jaspin , Radhakrishnan Mahendran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFood xerogel is a dried form of hydrogel prepared by drying the gelatinized starch or hydrocolloids. An adequately engineered flat 2D xerogel can change into a programmed 3D structure under an external stimulus. The current study focuses on optimizing the barley flour concentration (2, 4, 6, and 8%) and gelatinization temperature (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C) for obtaining flat xerogels through sessile drop drying. The effect of flour composition (amylose and amylose content) and gelatinization temperature (determined by differential scanning calorimetry) on xerogel formation has been evaluated. Further, it discusses the impact of constraint material (cellulose acetate) coating and its pattern on the oleomorphic shape‐shifting of xerogels. Initially, the properties of hydrogel (least gelation concentration, pasting properties, solubility, swelling power) and xerogel (texture, FTIR, surface morphology) were analyzed to understand the morphogenic behavior of xerogel. Once the crack‐free xerogels (optimized at 6% flour concentration and 70°C gelatinization temperature) were obtained after sessile drop drying, they were cut into required 2D shapes (circular and triangular) and treated with cold plasma. Then, these plasmas‐treated xerogels were coated with constraint material (cellulose acetate) in specific patterns to obtain the programmed oleomorphic shape change (2D to 3D) at 180°C (after 2.0 s). Meanwhile, the uncoated xerogels subjected to shape‐shifting had not shown any desirable shape change during frying. The xerogels that transformed into 3D structures were further analyzed for their shape‐changing properties such as bending curvature, angle, height, and end‐to‐end distance.Practical ApplicationsCustomized stimuli‐responsive food shape transformation can be achieved by constructing well‐engineered and designed xerogel with various geometrical structures. 2D to 3D configuration obtained through hydromorphic, oleomorphic, pH‐triggered, and other shape transformations is a prime focus in the innovative food engineering sector. The main advantage of 2D xerogel is to bring down the packaging, storage, and transportation expenditure. The application of non‐thermal technologies like cold plasma has an impact on surface morphology (ablation) and enhanced anisotropic behaviors.
Characterization of flow field of swirling flow conveying in bulk grain pipeline based on gas‐solid multiphase coupling
Authors: Xu Xuemeng , Wang Long , Zhang Yongyu , Li Yongxiang , Meng Xiangxin , Jiang Pengren , Xia Chaoyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to study the characteristics of swirling pneumatic conveying of grain particles in horizontal pipeline, which can provide a reference for the design and optimization of swirling pneumatic conveying system of bulk grain pipeline. The numerical simulation of swirling pneumatic conveying under the guidance of vane swirling generator was performed via CFD‐DEM coupling method. The axial velocity of grain particles was symmetrical along the radial direction, and the tangential velocity was symmetrical along the pipe axis. When the blade number of the swirling device was 6–9, the static pressure drop and standard deviation of the flow field were large, the instantaneous energy consumption of the system and the dispersion of particles were high, and the conveying effect was good. When the blade number was six, the spiral distance of the flow field in the pipe was longer with better quality of swirl flow. In accordance with the simulation results, the best effect of swirling conveying is achieved when the equivalent diameter of the grain particles is 4 mm, the multiphase flow conveying speed is 20 m/s, and the spiral blade number of the swirling flow generator with flow deflector is six.Practical applicationIn the practical application, the swirling flow generated by the swirling device can suppress the settlement of particles and the blockage of the pipeline in the straight pipe conveying, and avoid the high speed collision between particles and the pipe wall in the curved pipe conveying, slow down the impact, reduce the particle breakage and the wear of the pipe wall. The generation and maintenance of swirling flow play a key role in the long‐distance conveying of various chemical raw materials, grain, fertilizer and other granular materials. Swirling flow pneumatic conveying has the advantages of simple equipment structure, small occupation space, flexible pipeline layout, easy to automatic control, high production efficiency, recycling, environmental protection, and so on. It has become an important conveying mode in bulk material conveying.
Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index of liver cirrhosis by cause from global burden of disease 1990–2019
Authors: Gorgani Fateme , Esfahani Zahra , Ghamari Seyyed‐Hadi , Ghasemi Erfan , Azadnajafabad Sina , Shobeiri Parnian , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Abbasi‐Kangevari Mohsen , Fattahi Nima , Tehrani Yeganeh Sharifnejad , Farzi Yosef , Rezaei Negar , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimCirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases are complex disorders with a known burden. Currently health systems have different approaches to dealing with this issue. The objective of this study is to describe the burden attributed to and quality of care for cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases.MethodsData of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases extracted from Global‐Burden‐of‐Diseases 2019. Four indicators, including mortality to incidence ratio, prevalence to incidence ratio, disability‐adjusted‐life‐years (DALYs) to prevalence ratio, and years‐of‐life‐lost (YLLs) to years‐lived‐with‐disability (YLDs) ratio, were defined and combined by the principal‐components‐analysis to construct the Quality‐of‐Care‐Index (QCI).ResultsThe global QCI of cirrhosis increased from 71.0 in 1990 to 79.3 in 2019. The QCI showed a favorable situation in higher SDI countries compared with lower SDI countries, with a QCI of 86.8 in high SDI countries and 60.1 in low SDI countries. The highest QCI was found in Western Pacific Region (90.2), and the lowest was for African Region (60.4). Highest QCI belonged to the 50–54 age group (99.5), and the lowest was for the 30.34 age group (70.9). Among underlying causes of cirrhosis, the highest QCI belonged to alcohol use, followed by hepatitis C and NAFLD with QCIs of 86.1, 85.3, and 81.1.ConclusionsThere was a considerable variation in the QCI of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Countries with low QCI, mainly located in developing regions, need organized action to control the burden of cirrhosis and its underlying causes and improve their quality of care.
The association of pulse pressure change with memory decline in middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Liu Mengli , Tian Huimin , Sun Shuqin , Tian Xiaocao , Wang Weijing , Wu Yili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLess is known regarding the association of pulse pressure (PP) with memory function. This study aimed to characterize long‐term patterns of PP in middle‐aged and older adults and explore their impact on subsequent change in memory function.MethodsData from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, 2004–2018), were analyzed. Totally, 3587 dementia‐free participants with three measurements of BP were included. All three visits of PP (2004–2012) were used to characterize longitudinal patterns of PP by group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were fitted to explore the impact of PP trajectories on change in memory over a subsequent 6‐year period (2012–2018).ResultsUsing GBTM, three distinct trajectories of PP were identified: low‐stable (38.1%), moderate‐stable (48.6%), and elevated‐increasing group (13.3%). GEE model suggested that memory declined over a 6‐year period in all PP trajectories (all Ptime <0.001). The overall interactions between patterns of PP changes and time with memory were statistically significant (χ2interaction = 20.69, p = 0.002). Compared to participants in the low‐stable group, those in the moderate‐stable and elevated‐increasing group exhibited a faster decline in memory.ConclusionsLongitudinal patterns of moderate‐stable and elevated‐increasing PP were associated with an accelerated decrease in memory. Controlling BP instability may be a promising interventional strategy for preventing cognitive decline among older adults.
Genetic characteristics predict response to venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Weng Guangyang , Zhang Yu , Yu Guopan , Luo Tingyue , Yu Sijian , Xu Na , Sun Zhiqiang , Lin Dongjun , Deng Lan , Liang Xinquan , Xiao Jie , Zhang Hongyu , Guo Ziwen , Shao Ruoyang , Du Xin , Jin Hua , Liu Qifa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneity of relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leads to no response to venetoclax (VEN)–based therapy in more than half of the patients. Genetic characteristics are considered important predictors for response to treatment in adults with AML. However, the association of genetic characteristics with outcomes receiving VEN‐based therapy is incompletely understood in R/R AML.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of VEN combined with hypomethylating agents (HMA) and identify the potential genetic predictors of response in R/R AML.MethodsA total of 150 R/R AML patients treated with VEN combined with HMA were enrolled in this retrospective study. Outcomes of the response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The predictors of response and OS were analyzed by logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsWith a median of two (range, 1–4) cycles of therapy, the overall response rate was 56.2%, including 22.0% complete remission (CR), 21.3% CR with incomplete hematologic recovery, 2.0% morphologic leukemia‐free state, and 10.7% partial remission, in which 25 patients achieved measurable residual disease (MRD)–negative response. With a median follow‐up of 11.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.2–14.8] months, 1‐ and 2‐year OS were 46.9% (95% CI, 37.8%–58.1%) and 38.9% (95% CI, 28.7%–52.9%), respectively. Adverse cytogenetics and European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk predicted inferior response to VEN‐based therapy. Mutations in IDH1/2, NPM1, ASXL1, and chromatin–cohesin genes predicted superior response to VEN‐based therapy, whereas mutations in active signaling genes such as FLT3‐ITD and K/NRAS predicted inferior response.ConclusionVEN combined with HMA was effective with R/R AML patients, and the response to treatment was associated with genetic characteristics.
The effects of a sleep robot intervention on sleep, depression and anxiety in adults with insomnia—A randomized waitlist‐controlled trial
Authors: Støre Siri Jakobsson , Tillfors Maria , Wästlund Erik , Angelhoff Charlotte , Andersson Gerhard , Norell‐Clarke Annika 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe study objective was to assess if a 3‐week intervention with the Somnox sleep robot had effects on symptoms of insomnia, somatic arousal, and/or concurrent symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with insomnia, compared with a waitlist‐control group. The participants (n = 44) were randomized to a 3‐week intervention with the sleep robot (n = 22), or to a waitlist‐control group (n = 22). The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index administered at baseline, mid‐intervention, post‐intervention and at 1‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcome measures were the Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, sleep‐onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time and sleep efficiency were measured the week prior to and the last week of the intervention, both subjectively with the Consensus Sleep Diary and objectively with wrist actigraphy. Mixed‐effects models were used to analyse data. The effect of the sleep robot on the participants' insomnia severity was not statistically significant. The differences between the intervention group and the control group on the measures of arousal, anxiety and depression were also not statistically significant, and neither were the sleep diary and actigraphy variables. In conclusion, a 3‐week intervention with daily at‐home use of the robot was not found to be an effective method to relieve the symptom burden in adults with insomnia.
Endocrine correlates of female reproductive activity in the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus)
Authors: Kamgang V. W. , Bennett N. C. , van der Goot A. C. , Ganswindt A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough ovarian endocrine activity has been described in most members of the tribe Hippotragini, little is known about the reproductive endocrine correlates of the roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), an endangered antelope species of southern Africa. This study characterised the endocrine pattern of the reproductive activity (oestrous cycle, pregnancy and post‐partum period) in the female roan antelope by monitoring faecal progestogen metabolite (fPM) concentrations and oestrogen metabolite (fEM) concentrations for cyclicity and observing reproductive behaviours. The study was carried out over the course of 12 months. At the beginning of this study, all 18 focal females (nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous) were monitored for cyclicity (for between 3 and 4 months). Following observed copulation, pregnancy in multiparous females (n = 10) was subsequently monitored until parturition and 21 days post‐partum. Individual faecal samples were collected three times per week during the presumed period of cyclicity, twice per week during pregnancy and daily for 21 days post‐partum. Mating births, courtship events, and copulations were recorded when observed. In eight of the 18 females monitored, the patterns of fPM and fEM concentrations indicated oestrous cycle lengths (n = 10) of approximately 30.8 ± 2.1 days. The determined lengths of luteal and follicular phases were approximately 15.8 ± 1.5 days and 14.6 ± 2.1 respectively. Pregnancy was marked by a pronounced increase in fPM concentrations until parturition, and lasted approximately 280.4 ± 4.8 days; whereas the intercalving period ranged between 306 and 380 days (n = 9; mean: 333.2 ± 7.4 days). Twenty‐one day after parturition, 78% of the focal females (n = 5) did not show a resumption of the ovarian activity. This study demonstrated that monitoring faecal reproductive hormone metabolite patterns is a valuable approach for estimating ovarian activity in roan antelope and may be used to assist respective conservation breeding programmes by improving management practices.