bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of mupirocin encapsulated in animal bone-derived hydroxyapatite for management of chronic wounds
Authors: Ojo Olusola Emmanuel , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan , Sekunowo Olatunde Israel , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Adeosun Samson Oluropo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hydroxyapatite is an important biomedical material used in drug delivery owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, hydroxyapatite isolated from bovine and caprine bones was capped and used as a drug carrier to encapsulate mupirocin as an active pharmaceutical product in hydrogel formulations which were utilized in wound healing application using animal model (Wistar Rats).

Results
Characterization of the mupirocin-encapsulated hydroxyapatite using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer revealed the active presence of mupirocin after encapsulation. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that the capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin gave drug release rate of 84.67% of the drug within 75 min while conventional mupirocin ointment had the lowest at 27.04% within the same time. The capped hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest encapsulation efficiency of 73.67%. However, the animals treated with formulation prepared from capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest wound closure area of 377.8 mm2, while conventional mupirocin ointment had 231.5 mm2 in 16 days of treatment. All the formulations with mupirocin except the ointment showed excellent resistance against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus of about 40 mm of inhibition zone.

Conclusions
The mupirocin encapsulated in hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine and caprine bones has been demonstrated to be more superior to the conventional ointment in the management of chronic wound conditions.
The importance of laryngoscopic findings as predictors of the treatment outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux: a retrospective review of 143 cases
Authors: Saha Jayanta , Biswas Debabrata , Chakraborty Rajarshi , Chatterjee Arijit , Das Abhijit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Laryngopharyngeal reflux can be described as even a single episode of reflux of gastric acid peptic contents into the larynx and hypopharynx. A large number of new researches show non-acid reflux to be an important cause of LPR symptoms. The present study explores the role of laryngoscopic findings in predicting the treatment outcomes of empirical PPI therapy for LPR.

Methods
A total of 143 patients diagnosed clinically with LPR were evaluated by rigid laryngoscopy and classified into 3 groups based on the Belafsky reflux findings score, as normal (0–7), mild to moderate (8–16), and moderate to severe (17–26).

Results
Twelve out of 39 patients in the normal group, 44 out of 61 patients in the mild to moderate group, and 31 out of 43 patients in the moderate to severe group reported symptomatic improvement after 3 months of PPI therapy and lifestyle modifications. The results were statistically significant.

Conclusion
Pretherapy laryngoscopic findings can be an important predictor of successful treatment outcomes of empirical PPI therapy for LPR.
An Evidence-based Physical Therapy Prescription for Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Kanamalla Karthik , Fuchs Rebekah , Herzog Casey , Steigbigel Keith D , Macica Carolyn M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare and progressive metabolic phosphate-wasting disorder characterized by lifelong musculoskeletal comorbidities. Despite considerable physical disability, there are currently no disease-specific physical therapy (PT) recommendations for XLH designed to improve engagement and confidence in performing activities of daily living (ADL).

Objective
The objective of this patient-centered study was to develop an evidence-based PT program to address gaps in the management of adult XLH without imposing unintended harm.

Methods
Creation of the program was informed by a prior controlled clinical study to evaluate the physical and functional effect of XLH on adulthood, and guided by the physical presentation of participants, subjective data and patient goals acquired at intake, and by performance on multiple active range of motion (ROM) movements from the standing position. A weekly standardized interview process was used to assess progression of physical and functional abilities, gains and concerns, and to obtain timely feedback to inform future exercise modifications. Outcomes were evaluated using validated functional tools and subjective data obtained throughout the study.

Results
A remote 12-week PT program was created based on collected data. Open and closed kinetic-chain exercises were developed and implemented. Functional improvements were documented, and weekly surveys indicated improved abilities and confidence to engage in ADL. Minimal improvements were observed in active upper and lower extremity ROM, reflective of substantial bony restrictions characteristic of XLH.

Conclusion
This study represents the first disease-specific PT recommendations for XLH to mitigate the unique physical challenges of the adult disorder that can be modified to adapt to the current progression status of the adult disorder.
Light Intensity Promote Pigment Contents, Biomass Production, Total Lipid and Specific Fatty Acid Profile on Nannochloropsis sp. Culture
Authors: Yudiati Ervia , Putri Alifia Nabilla , Harahap Akbar , Azhar Nuril , Suryono Chrisna Adi , Prabowo Danang Ambar , Alghazeer Rabia 
Published: June 2022

Nannochloropsis sp is marine microalga and widely cultured for its benefits. Pigments, lipid, and fatty acid compounds of Nannochloropsis sp are essential elements in the industry. This research aimed to determine the best light intensity on the growth rate, cell density and size, biomass, pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids), total lipid and fatty acid profile. Nannochloropsis sp. culture was carried out with three light intensity treatments (100, 155, and 180 μmol), with two replications. Periodicity was set up (16:8) with the ratio of dark (8h) to light (16h). The highest cell density and total pigment content of 180 μmol were significantly different (p<0.05) with 155 and 100 μmol. The highest weight of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids were found from the intensity of 180 treatment (p < 0.05), followed by 155 and 100 μmol as the smallest one. The bigger cell size was reached from 180 and 155 treatments compared to 100 μmol treatment. The higher wet weight was gained from 155 (564 grams) and followed by 180 μmol (549 grams). The 100 μmol light intensity produced the lowest wet weight (490 gr) (p<0.05). The highest total lipid content was obtained from 155 μmol treatment (0.14 g ww). The microalgae contain SFA/Saturated Fatty Acids (Palmitic, Stearic Acid) and UFA/Unsaturated Fatty Acid (Oleic Acid). The microalgae from 180 μmol produced Eicosanoic acid (Omega-6). The production of certain compounds has differed in light intensity. In the future, the light intensity can be adapted as the alternative solution for producing microalgae for industrial approach, whether for pigments or biodiesel production.
Interferensi Metabisulfit Pada Pengukuran Kadar Sulfur Dioksida (SO2) di Udara Menggunakan Metode Tetrachloromercurat/Parasosanilin
Authors: Sudalma S , Sumarni Sri 
Published: June 2022

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an irritant gas at concentrations above 250 g/m3 which can cause respiratory problems. Sources of SO2 come from burning fuel containing sulfur. Measurement of SO2 levels in the air using the Tetrachloromercurate (TCM)/Pararosanilin method. PT "B" is a processed wood product company with production using sodium metabisulfite as a mixture for making glue for one type of process product. The purpose of this study was to study the interference of sodium metabisulfite in the measurement of SO2 in the air using the Tetrachloromercurate (TCM)/Pararosanilin method. This research is descriptive observational to explain the phenomena found in monitoring the concentration of SO2 based on SNI 7119-7:2017. The SO2 concentration in the 2017 – 2019 RKL-RPL monitoring results at the glue mixing location was 7-191 g/m3. In the second semester of 2020 measurement, the SO2 concentration was measured at the glue mixing location when the product used sodium metabisulfite as an additive. The activation of SO2 is as follows: activation of the mixer after the process is 646 g/m3, filling the glue mixer is 291 - 314 g/m3, the activity without the use of sodium metabisulfite is 11 - 13 g/m3. The results showed that the concentration of SO2 when the product used a mixture of sodium metabisulfite was higher than the concentration of SO2 when the product did not use sodium metabisulfite. Based on the results and analysis, it can be said that there is an interference of metabisulfite compounds in SO2 measurement due to the absorption of sodium metabisulfite by TCM. This research is helpful for contamination parameters in the workplace and the threshold determination and reducing the accident and occupational illness caused by exposure to chemicals through controlling and controlling potential hazards.
An improved test of the constant rate hypothesis: late Modern American English possessive have
Authors: Zimmermann Richard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Constant Rate Hypothesis (CRH) predicts that a linguistic innovation should spread at identical rates of change in all grammatical contexts in which it is used (Kroch 1989. Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language Variation and Change 1(3). 199–244). Weaknesses in previous tests of the CRH are identified. A new study is conducted that improves upon them. It utilizes a syntactic change in late Modern American English possessive have, which altered its realization in the grammar-theoretically related contexts negation, inversion, VP-adjunction and VP-ellipsis. Data sets are collected from the Corpus of Historical American English (Davies 2010. The corpus of historical American English: 400 million words, 1810-2009. http://corpus.byu.edu/coha/ (accessed 10 September 2016)) and analyzed with mixed-effects logistic regression models. The statistical analysis reveals that it is indeed plausible to assume that each of the contexts innovates the use of possessive have at the same speed. Implications of the findings for the CRH are discussed.
A comparative Study of Agnes Grey’s Spanish Translations
Authors: Fernández Pérez María del Rocío 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Writers use a certain style to create their literary works and translators should transmit such style to the target audience as faithfully as possible. This article is based on the novel Agnes Grey by Anne Brontë and makes a comparative analysis between the two existing Spanish translations – in 1997 by Menchu Gutiérrez López and in 2000 by Elizabeth Power – focusing on the style used by the English author. Although the examples presented through these pages show the translators’ fidelity to the content of the source text, both translations reflect how the target audience could influence the translation itself. The results show that the source text is translated differently according to the goal of each translation, although the two translations were first published almost at the same time by the publishing houses Alba Editorial and Ediciones Cátedra in 1997 and 2000, respectively.
Ecolawriors: Knights of the Green Law Consciousness
Authors: Fisher Ryan J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article introduces the connected concepts of ecolawfare—legal challenges to violations and violators of environmental law—and ecolawriors, its practitioners. These concepts are extensions of lawfare and lawriors, terms that emerged in this century’s first decade in a military context. The article examines sociological, political economic, and legal literature, as well as black letter law, and argues that many non-US jurisdictions have been eco-friendly trendsetters in law. The article examines the relationships of ecolawfare and ecolawriors with Green social movements, presents a Marxian perspective on intergenerational equity, the public trust doctrine, and rights of nature against the backdrop of capitalist extraction, the climate crisis, and related litigation, and posits a legal parallel between protecting ecosystems and protecting civil rights. The article argues that the climate crisis demands radically new approaches to the law, including lawyers who do not think like traditional lawyers.
Oil-con hybrids as a potential tool to prevent eared dove damage to sunflower crops
Authors: Zuil Sebastian Gustavo , Canavelli Sonia Beatriz , Addy Orduna Laura 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) cause significant economic damage to mature sunflower in Argentina. Empirical evidences indicate that some sunflower hybrids (e.g. confectionary and stripped oilseed) might be less susceptible to bird damage than others (e.g. black oilseed). However, these less susceptible hybrids could imply a trade-off between damage reduction and oil content on the seeds. In this work, we investigated the potential of a new oil-con hybrid types (OC: oilseed × confectionary cross) as a tool to prevent eared dove damage to sunflower crops. We compared the performance (damage values), morphological characteristics and nutritive quality of this hybrid compared to other three standard sunflower hybrids (BO: black oilseed, SO: striped oilseed, and CON: confectionary), both in the field and in cages. In both tests, doves significantly selected BO and SO hybrids over CON and OC hybrids. The OC hybrid was not selected, despite its high nutritional value. Results suggest that achene size could be an important morphological trait influenced eared dove selection of hybrids, independently of other seed characteristics. Based on these results, the OC hybrid tested in this study seems to be a promising tool for preventing eared dove damage to sunflower in Argentina.
A comprehensive study on radio over fiber systems: present evaluations and future challenges
Authors: Kaur Harminder , Bhamrah Manjit Singh , Kaur Baljeet 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to serve the explosive demands of triple play services or multimedia services with high quality of data transmission in Fifth Generation (5G) communication systems which has availability of large spectrum unlike Fourth Generation (4G), low latency, improved transmission, and increased reliability, an access networks with optical fiber distribution network and wireless enabled technology is urgently needed and therefore, a prominent technology known as Radio over Fiber (RoF) is suggested by researcher/Scientists due to a perfect blend of flexible fiber technology and wireless mobility. RoF technology is helping the data transmission systems from last thirty years with great success and has numerous advantages such as scalability, transparency, antenna site complexity reduction, low installation cost, accessibility of radio carrier by diverse antenna sites dynamically. Millimeter waves (Mm waves) integration in 5G wireless RoF systems comes out to be an encouraging candidate to cater the bandwidth hungry current as well as future generation internet application such as high definition TV (HDTV), online games, video conferencing, and voice over IP (VoIP) etc. For the prolonged reach, economical installations, and improved performance, optimal Mm wave generation methods should be incorporated in 5G such as employing multi carrier generation technique (MCG). Deployment of single mode fiber (SMF) in 5G offers high speed, large capacity, improved security, etc., but also has a prominent limitation of nonlinear effects and it is unwanted phenomenon which degrade the system performance by introducing intermodulation distortion, distortion of signal phase, harmonic distortion, and interference in the neighbouring channels. Minimum modifications of architecture and minimum cost should be spent on the compensation of nonlinear effects or Kerr’s effects in RoF systems and recently mode division multiplexing has emerged as an ultimate solution. In this review article, detailed discussion of an evolutionary technology, i.e., RoF is presented with a literature review, present evaluations, and future challenges. Our utmost goal is to enrich the young researchers with precious aspects for RoF technology on single platform and also encourage them to conduct the technology advancement research works in various fields such as nonlinear compensation, Mm wave generation, dispersion compensation, cost reduction, complexity reduction, and security enhancements for 5G RoF systems.
Bile-acid levels and lung maturity test in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Futterman Itamar D. , Minkoff Howard , Lee-Hwang Gladys , Mays Jonathan C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Prolonged fetal exposure to maternal bile acids have been linked to fetal lung injury, but it is not known if it affects production of surfactant or fetal lung maturity tests. We set out to determine if elevated total bile acid (TBA) levels predict delayed fetal lung maturity (FLM) in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study examining patients with ICP who underwent amniocentesis between 36+0 and 37+6 between 2005 and 2014. Primary goal was to identify if a relationship exists between TBA levels and FLM defined as Lecithin:Sphingomyelin >2.5, detectable Phosphatidylglycerol, or lamellar body count of >50,000.

Results
Among the 113 patients, there was no statistically significant difference in TBA levels between women with FLM and those with immaturity (31.3 [21.6, 44.5] μmol/L and 34.9 [23.9, 62.3] μmol/L respectively; p=0.16). Logistic regression performed using predefined TBA levels of 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L revealed that TBA levels did not predict a negative FLM test at time of amniocentesis.

Conclusions
TBA levels do no predict presence or absence of FLM between 36+0 and 37+6 weeks of gestation. Though certain pregnancy complications can affect FLM, we could not identify a correlation between TBA levels and an accelerated or delayed lung maturation process.
Geometry-dependent skin effects in reciprocal photonic crystals
Authors: Fang Zhening , Hu Mengying , Zhou Lei , Ding Kun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Skin effect that all eigenmodes within a frequency range become edge states is dictated by the topological properties of complex eigenvalues unique in non-Hermitian systems. The prevailing attempts to realize such a fascinating effect are confined to either one-dimensional or nonreciprocal systems exhibiting asymmetric couplings. Here, inspired by a recent model Hamiltonian theory, we propose a realistic reciprocal two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) system that shows the desired skin effect. Specifically, we establish a routine for designing such non-Hermitian systems via revealing the inherent connections between the nontrivial eigenvalue topology of order-2 exceptional points (EPs) and the skin effects. Guided by the proposed strategy, we successfully design a 2D PhC that possesses the EPs with nonzero eigenvalue winding numbers. The spectral area along a specific wavevector direction is then formed by leveraging the symmetry of the macroscopic geometry and the unit cell. The projected-band-structure calculations are performed to demonstrate that the desired skin effect exists at the specific crystalline interfaces. We finally employ time-domain simulations to vividly illustrate this phenomenon by exciting a pulse at the center of a finite-sized PhC. Our results form a solid basis for further experimental confirmations and applications of the skin effect.
Influence of season and rangeland-type on serum biochemistry of indigenous Zulu sheep
Authors: Xulu Thembinkosi G. , Ncobela Cyprial N. , Kunene Nokuthula W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the serum biochemistry of indigenous Zulu sheep in different seasons and rangeland type. Twenty clinically healthy Zulu rams aged at least 12 months were selected in different rangeland type, namely, Moist Coast Forest and Thornveld (MCT), Dry Highland Sourveld (DHS), Moist Zululand Thornveld (MZT), Natal Sour Sandveld (NSS), and Lowveld (LV) in KwaZulu-Natal from November 2014 to June 2015. Sheep with highest body weights were observed in LV and NSS (P < 0.05). Sheep with highest body condition score were found in MCT, LV, and DHS (P < 0.05). The concentration of albumin was high (P < 0.05) in MZT and DHS and low (P < 0.05) in NSS. Globulin and total protein concentrations were high (P < 0.05) in NSS. Albumin, total protein, and creatinine levels were higher in dry season (P < 0.05). Glucose and blood urea nitrogen were higher in rainy season (P < 0.05). In LV, albumin concentration was high in rainy season than in dry season (P < 0.05). In NSS, albumin concentration was high in dry season than in rainy season (P < 0.05). Globulin concentration was higher during dry season in MCT (P < 0.05). In MCT, there was a higher total protein concentration in dry season than in rainy season (P < 0.05). In NSS, the concentration of β-hydroxyl-butyrate was significantly higher in rainy season compared to dry season. Creatinine concentration was significantly high during dry season in LV, NSS, and MCT. There was a positive correlation on body weight against globulin, total protein, creatinine, and β-hydroxyl-butyrate (P < 0.05). Serum biochemistry of Zulu sheep varied with rangeland type, season, and their interactive effect.
Modeling extreme value data with an upside down bathtub-shaped failure rate model
Authors: Shrahili Mansour , Kayid Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Pareto model corresponds to the power law widely used in physics, biology, and many other fields. In this article, a new generalized Pareto model with a heavy right tail is introduced and studied. It exhibits an upside-down bathtub-shaped failure rate (FR) function. The moments, quantiles, FR function, and mean remaining life function are examined. Then, its parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood, least squared error, and Anderson–Darling (a weighted least squared error) approaches. A simulation study is conducted to verify the efficiency and consistency of the discussed estimators. Analysis of Floyd River flood discharges in James, Iowa, USA, from 1935 to 1973 shows that the proposed model can be quite useful in real applications, especially for extreme value data.
Nonlinear dynamics for different nonautonomous wave structure solutions
Authors: Li Kun-Qiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on the positive quadratic function method, the rich nonautonomous solutions of a generalized (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient breaking soliton equation with different wave structures are given. In this case, due to the influence of nonlinearity and dispersion, the characteristics, amplitude and velocity of nonautonomous wave will change with time. The breather wave and the interaction among lump wave, solitary wave and periodic wave solutions are studied. For different choices of arbitrary functions in these solutions, the corresponding dynamic properties are demonstrated.