bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptos actuales en osteotomías en doble nivel alrededor de la rodilla
Authors: Díaz-Allende Pedro , Partarrieu-Stegmeier Robert , Colmenares-Sandoval Oscar , Figueroa-Poblete David 
Published: October 2022

ResumenCon la osteotomía en un solo nivel, se puede lograr la corrección del eje de la extremidad en pacientes con deformidades combinadas femoral y tibial, pero de forma simultánea generará una alteración patológica de oblicuidad de la interlínea articular, lo que conducirá a elongación ligamentaria, inestabilidad, degeneración condral y, en última instancia, comprometerá su sobrevida y los resultados funcionales. En virtud del análisis de la literatura más reciente, podemos concluir que existe un número significativo de pacientes que requieren de un procedimiento combinado para lograr un objetivo biomecánico óptimo. La finalidad de una osteotomía en doble nivel alrededor de la rodilla consiste en restablecer la anatomía normal, descargar el compartimiento afectado, normalizar los ángulos mecánicos y la orientación de la interlínea articular. Los ejes fisiológicos pueden restablecerse a través de un análisis preoperatorio exhaustivo, respetando principios biomecánicos y fijación estable con placas bloqueadas. Es un procedimiento demandante y con indicaciones en evolución, que progresivamente se ha instaurado como una alternativa de tratamiento justificada en estudios clínicos y biomecánicos para el manejo de deformidades severas alrededor de la rodilla.
Long-Term Outcome of 118 Acute Total Brachial Plexus Injury Patients Using Free Vascularized Ulnar Nerve Graft to Innervate the Median Nerve
Authors: Lin Jennifer An-Jou , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Sakarya Ahmet Hamdi , Chuang David Chwei-Chin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background The restoration of finger movement in total brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) is an ultimate challenge. Pedicled vascularized ulnar nerve graft (VUNG) connecting a proximal root to distal target nerves has shown unpredictable outcomes. We modified this technique by harvesting VUNG as a free flap to reinnervate median nerve (MN). We analyzed the long-term outcomes of these methods.
Methods From years 1998 to 2015, 118 acute total brachial plexus patients received free VUNG to innervate the MN. Patients were followed up at least 5 years after the initial surgery. Donor nerves included the ipsilateral C5 root (25 patients) or contralateral C7 root (CC7 = 93 patients). Recovery of finger and elbow flexion was evaluated with the modified Medical Research Council system. Michigan Hand Score and Quick-DASH were used to represent the patient-reported outcomes.
Results For finger flexion, ipsilateral C5 transfer to MN alone yielded similar outcomes to MN + MCN (musculocutaneous nerve), while CC7 had significantly better finger flexion when coapted to MN alone than to MN + MCN. Approximately 75% patients were able to achieve finger flexion with nerve transfer alone. For elbow flexion, best outcome was seen in the ipsilateral C5 to MCN and MN.
Conclusion In acute total BPI, the priority is to identify the ipsilateral C5 root to innervate MN, with concomitant innervation of MCN to establish the best outcomes for finger and elbow flexion. CC7 is more reliable when used to innervate one target (MN).
Level of evidence: III.
Containing COVID-19 and the social costs on human rights in African countries
Authors: Manderson Lenore , Chavarro Diego , Kaunda-Khangamwa Blessings , Kagaha Alexander , Zakumumpa Henry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple social interventions were introduced to contain the COVID-19 pandemic across Africa, limiting social engagement, school and workplace attendance, and travel. In anticipation of negative economic consequences and social impact, many governments introduced cash transfers, social pensions, food aid, and utility and tax waivers. However, people living precariously and/or under conditions of structural vulnerability were often unable to access to this support. A rapid review was undertaken on COVID-19 and the effects of interventions on human rights in African countries, examining primary studies, editorial notes, opinion papers, and literature reviews, with focus on qualitative approaches and discussions. In examining the links between health, human rights and non-pharmaceutical interventions on vulnerable populations, the review identified that: (1) people who were vulnerable were excluded from or not adequately represented in policy responses to COVID-19; (2) the precarious socio-economic conditions of these populations were not adequately addressed by dominant policy responses; and (3) only partial support was offered to those whose relationship with the state was ambiguous or conditional, so compromising human rights. Interactions between health, human rights, and underlying social and economic conditions amplified poor health and impoverishment of those who were already vulnerable. The challenge is to find a balance between stopping the spread of COVID-19 and the protection of human rights; to implement population-specific responses to supplement uniform public health responses; and to address causes (structural vulnerability) rather than symptoms. There is a need to plan rather than react to pandemics, and to co-construct interventions with rather than delivering instructions to populations. These recommendations serve as instruments to be considered when designing new policies, to incorporate a human rights perspective in responses to current and future pandemics.
Chinese universities’ experience of social education, 1912–1949
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Liu Jinrong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the Republican era, when China faced internal and external difficulties and was impoverished, social education was considered crucial to revive and strengthen the country. After social education was introduced to China from the West, many universities participated in social education and became the main promoters and implementers of social education, giving it localized characteristics. Thus far, there remains a void in the social education of Chinese universities in the English-speaking world. The present study explores the historical motivations for universities in the Republic of China (ROC) to join the wave of social education development from 1912 to 1949. Herein, Yenching University, Jiangsu Provincial College of Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, and National North-West United University were selected for case studies to demonstrate the methods and achievements of social work, literacy, political, and life education through the establishment of rural experimental areas. The “university experimental area” model of education created by universities differs from other models and reflects a close relationship between the university and the state and society. This model makes up for the shortage of foreignization, aristocracy, and urbanization of school education within the specific time and space. Moreover, the model enriches the connotation of “ education throughout society”. In addition, the social education experiences of universities in ROC provide a valuable solution for exploring rural education, rural renewal, social construction, and national governance. Furthermore, it is one of the historical preludes of China’s rural revitalization strategy in the new era as well as a practical reference for countries in the world with similar problems.
Sub-keV design for the National Ignition Facility’s soft x-ray Opacity Spectrometer (OpSpec) and expansion plans for time-resolved measurements
Authors: Wallace M. S. , Heinmiller J. M. , Dutra E. C. , Knight R. A. , Heeter R. F. , Opachich Y. P. , Buscho J. , Fontes C. J. , Max D. A. , Emig J. A. , Posadas R. , Ayers J. , Archuleta T. N. , Moy K. , Urbatsch T. J. , Perry T. S. 
Published: October 2022

When compared with the National Ignition Facility’s (NIF) original soft x-ray opacity spectrometer, which used a convex cylindrical design, an elliptically shaped design has helped to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and eliminated nearly all reflections from alternate crystal planes. The success of the elliptical geometry in the opacity experiments has driven a new elliptical geometry crystal with a spectral range covering 520–1100 eV. When coupled with the primary elliptical geometry, which spans 1000–2100 eV, the new sub-keV elliptical geometry helps to cover the full iron L-shell and major oxygen transitions important to solar opacity experimentation. The new design has been built and tested by using a Henke x-ray source and shows the desired spectral coverage. Additional plans are underway to expand these opacity measurements into a mode of time-resolved detection, ∼1 ns gated, but considerations for the detector size and photometrics mean a crystal geometry redesign. The new low-energy geometry, including preliminary results from the NIF opacity experiments, is presented along with the expansion plans into a time-resolved platform.
Plugging urban ecology science into design practice: a research perspective
Authors: Chen Chundi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
There is a broad consensus that urban ecology science needs to be more effective in informing and supporting urban planning and design. How to bridge the two disciplines is still a grand challenge because scientific research often cannot find its way into practice. Underlying reasons have often been explored around governance, policies and institutional aspects. From a scientific research perspective, this paper briefly outlines the divergence between the two disciplines and seeks potential intersections of them. Overall, starting from the practical needs, this paper argues that there are many “plug-in” opportunities that should be explored in the whole research chain to accommodate successful co-development of research in practice, such as sharing similar research interests, jointly identifying research questions and objectives, adopting suitable research methods, well-designed research experiments and parameters (e.g., matched scales, resolution levels, metrics and indicators), co-collection of site-specific data. Furthermore, this exploration can be enhanced, particularly at a local scale, where urban dwellers’ perceptions, interests and the consequent influences on decision-making and actions can be well incorporated.
Comparative assessment outcome of the cognitive and developmental traits in adults with listening difficulties
Authors: Iwasaki Junya , Sasaki Kaori , Yasuda Yuka , Obuchi Chie 
Published: October 2022

Objective
This study was designed to determine the cognitive ability and developmental disorder traits in adults with listening difficulties (LiD) who show difficulties in comprehending verbal information in noisy environments despite having normal hearing.

Methods
Thirty adults who complained of LiD during their activities of daily living volunteered to participate. We conducted memory and attention assessments using auditory and visual tasks. Moreover, we evaluated the developmental characteristics of the participants psychologically using questionnaires for autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Results
The results of the auditory and verbal tasks were lower than that of visual tasks and that some participants showed lower scores on cognitive tests. Approximately 26.7% of the participants had ASD, whereas 16.7% had ADHD, and it showed a higher proportion of ASD or ADHD in participants with LiD. The outcomes of the cognitive and developmental assessment scores were not significantly correlated with the participants’ personal factors.

Conclusion
These findings imply that adults with LiD may also have cognitive problems and some of them showed developmental traits. It is needed to consider the cognitive and developmental characteristics of adults with LiD during evaluation in practice through hearing and listening tests along with cognitive assessments.
The victims strike back: Globalisation and right-wing populist attitudes in the EU. Evidence from the 2008 European Values Study
Authors: Van Rossem Ronan , Roose Henk 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Right-wing populist (RWP) parties and attitudes are flourishing in many European countries. This is often linked to the emergence of a new cleavage that juxtaposes the victims and beneficiaries of globalisation. Using data from the 2008 European Values Study (EVS) this paper investigates how globalisation affects both (1) the overall level of RWP attitudes in 27 EU countries, and (2) the attitudinal gap between victims and beneficiaries of globalisation. The results show (1) a clear and consistent effect of social position on RWP attitudes in all countries, (2) effect of globalisation on both overall levels of RWP attitudes, as well as (3) on the attitudinal gap between victims and beneficiaries. However, the determinants of the overall level and of the gap differ, and this explains the observed regional differences in Europe regarding the distribution of RWP attitudes.
Exceptional spectrum and dynamic magnetization
Authors: Shi Y B , Zhang K L , Song Z 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A macroscopic effect can be induced by a local non-Hermitian term in a many-body system, when it manifests simultaneously level coalescence of a full real degeneracy spectrum, leading to exceptional spectrum. In this paper, we propose a family of systems that support such an intriguing property. It is generally consisted of two arbitrary identical Hermitian sub-lattices in association with unidirectional couplings between them. We show exactly that all single-particle eigenstates coalesce in pairs even only single unidirectional coupling appears. It means that all possible initial states obey the exceptional dynamics, resulting in some macroscopic phenomena, which never appears in a Hermitian system. As an application, we study the dynamic magnetization induced by complex fields in an itinerant electron system. It shows that an initial saturated ferromagnetic state at half-filling can be driven into its opposite state according to the dynamics of high-order exceptional point. Any Hermitian quench term cannot realize a steady opposite saturated ferromagnetic state. Numerical simulations for the dynamical processes of magnetization are performed for several representative situations, including lattice dimensions, global random and local impurity distributions. It shows that the dynamic magnetization processes exhibit universal behavior.
Type-II quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional metals
Authors: Zhao Aiying , Gu Qiang , Haugan Timothy J , Bullard Thomas J , Klemm Richard A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect has been observed in topological insulators and long quantum wells using spin–orbit coupling as the probe, but it has not yet been observed in a metal. An experiment is proposed to measure the different Type-II QSH effect of an electron or hole in a two-dimensional (2D) metal by using the previously unexplored but relativistically gauge-invariant form of the generated 2D QSH Hamiltonian. Instead of using the electric field in the surface of the spin-polarized bands of a topological insulator or across the quantum well width as the probe, ones uses an applied azimuthal vector potential and an applied radial electric field as the tools to generate a spontaneously quantized spin current in an otherwise spin unpolarized 2D metal. A long cylindrical solenoid lies normally through the inner radius of a 2D metallic Corbino disk. The currentISsurrounding the solenoid produces an azimuthal magnetic vector potential but no magnetic field in the disk. In addition, a radial electric field is generated across the disk by imposing either a potential differenceΔvor a radial charge currentIacross its inner and outer radii. Combined changes inISand in eitherΔvorIgenerate spontaneously quantized azimuthal charge and spin currents. The experiment is designed to measure these quantized azimuthal charge and spin currents in the disk consistently. The quantum Hamiltonians for both experiments are solved exactly. A method to control the Joule heating is presented, which could potentially allow the Type-II QSH measurements to be made at room temperature.
Electronic and transport properties of semimetal ZrBeSi crystal: a first-principles study
Authors: Li Yu-Huan , Zhang Tian , Zeng Zhao-Yi , Chen Xiang-Rong , Geng Hua-Yun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, semimetals have aroused people’s research interest. Here, we systematically study phonon and electronic transport properties of the ZrBeSi with semimetal character by using the first-principles calculations together with the Boltzmann transport theory. Calculated lattice thermal conductivities of the ZrBeSi along a and c axes are 31.3 W (m · K)−1 and 56.0 W (m · K)−1 at room temperature, respectively, which are larger than the most semiconductors and semimetals. By comparing with other semimetals, we find that the larger lattice thermal conductivity of ZrBeSi is due to its smaller Grüneisen parameter, which indicates the weaker phonon scattering. Main contributions to the lattice thermal conductivities along a and c axis come from the acoustic branches, and conversely, the contributions of optical branches are very small. In addition, we calculate the Seebeck coefficient and the electron thermal conductivity of ZrBeSi based on the relaxation time approximation. The electronic transport properties of ZrBeSi exhibit strong anisotropy in both a and b directions. Calculated electronic thermal conductivities of pristine ZrBeSi along a and c axes are 8.8 W (m · K)−1 and 9.7 W (m · K)−1 at room temperature, respectively. Furthermore, we also obtain the figure of merit

Z
T

on the basis of phonon and electron transport. The obtained

Z
T

along c axis reaches a maximum of 0.11 at 900 K, demonstrating that ZrBeSi has a general

Z
T

, but it has good heat conduction ability. Our research will help to understand the transport properties of semimetals and expand the application of semimetals to heat conduction devices. At the same time, it also provides some reference for the future experimental work.
Sensor fault diagnosis for uncertain dissimilar redundant actuation system of more electric aircraft via bond graph and improved principal component analysis
Authors: Yu Ming , Meng Jie , Zhu Rensheng , Jiang Wuhua , Shen Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper develops a sensor condition monitoring method integrating the model-based bond graph (BG) technique and data-driven principal component analysis (PCA) for the dissimilar redundant actuation system of more electric aircraft with uncertain parameters. The uncertain dissimilar redundant actuation system is modeled by BG in linear fractional transformation form. After that, the analytical redundancy relations containing the nominal part and the uncertain part can be derived, based on which the adaptive thresholds and the fault signature matrix (FSM) can be obtained for robust fault detection and fault isolation. To improve the fault isolation performance under the multiple faults condition, a new fault isolation method integrating FSM and improved PCA (IPCA) is developed, where the possible fault set generated from the FSM is further refined by the IPCA module with an improved reconstruction algorithm and cyclic PCA monitoring model to achieve a more efficient fault isolation result. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by simulation investigations.
A method for diagnosing rolling bearing faults based on SDAE-ADHKELM
Authors: Li Xinran , Jin Wuyin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAiming to extract useful features from bearing signals for fault classification, an intelligent fault diagnosis method is proposed with a stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDAE) and adaptive deep hybrid kernel extreme learning machine (ADHKELM). The deep network architecture of the SDAE is used automatically to extract deeply important features, and a new HKELM is constructed by combining a polynomial with a wavelet kernel function to overcome a single kernel function not being universal. After that a DHKELM, from stacking multiple HKELMs, and the sparrow search algorithm are introduced to iteratively determine the optimal value of core hyper-parameter combinations of the DHKELM to generate the final fault classifier ADHKELM to enhance the performance of the model. Two experimental verification results show that the SDAE-ADHKELM has better fault classification precision, robustness and generalizability than other related methods.
(P)reheating and gravitational waves in α-attractor models
Authors: Krajewski Tomasz , Turzyński Krzysztof 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study post-inflationary evolution in α-attractor T-models of inflation. We
consider the dynamics of both scalar fields present in these models: the inflaton and the
spectator, as a negative field-space curvature may lead to geometrical destabilization of the
spectator. We perform state-of-the-art lattice simulations with a dedicated numerical code
optimized for those models. We corroborate earlier findings that the perturbations of the
spectator field are much more unstable than the perturbations of the inflaton field, so the
dynamics of early stages of preheating is dominated by the evolution of spectator perturbations.
We also calculate the spectrum of gravitational waves originating from scalar fluctuations in
order to determine if the α-attractor T-models can be constrained or even ruled out by
present cosmological observations, but not by direct searches of gravitational waves.
Effect of resistivity on the pedestal MHD stability in JET
Authors: Nyström H. , Frassinetti L. , Saarelma S. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Perez von Thun C. , Maggi C.F. , Hillesheim J.C. , contributors JET 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ELM triggering mechanism in tokamaks is not yet fully understood. For example, in the JET tokamak with ITER-like wall (commonly called JET-ILW), the ELMs are sometimes triggered before the ideal peeling-ballooning (PB) boundary is reached. This typically occurs for shots with high input power and high gas rate. The discrepancy between model and experiment has in previous works been clearly correlated with the relative shift between the electron temperature and density pedestals. The discrepancy has also been correlated with the resistivity in the middle-bottom of the pedestal. The present work shows that resistive MHD can have a significant impact on the PB stability of JET pedestals. The inclusion of resistivity removes the correlation between the discrepancy from the PB stability and the relative shift (the difference between the position of the electron temperature and density pedestals) and significantly improves the agreement between PB model and experimental results. The work also shows that the key parameter is the resistivity at the pedestal bottom, near the separatrix, while the resistivity near the middle/top of the pedestal has a negligible effect on the PB stability of JET plasmas.