bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of short‐ and long‐term system response during gas production from a gas hydrate deposit at the UBGH2‐6 site of the Ulleung Basin in the Korean East Sea
Authors: Moridis George J. , Kim Jihoon , Reagan Matthew T. , Kim Se‐Joon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study is a continuation of an investigation into the feasibility of long‐term production from a marine hydrate accumulation that has the properties and conditions of the UBGH2‐6 (UBGH2, Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrates 2; 2 is the number of the scientific expedition) site at the Ulleung Basin in the Korean East Sea. The 12.7 m‐thick system is in deep water (2157 m), but at 140 m below the seafloor. It is characterized by alternating hydrate‐free clays and muds and hydrate‐rich sand layers. The layered stratigraphy and the presence of mud layers favours the use of vertical wells rather than horizontal wells for production. The analysis indicates that production from such a hydrate accumulation is technically feasible, but the gas production rates are generally low. Water production accompanying gas production from this deposit appears manageable under all the scenarios investigated in this study, however, the water‐to‐gas ratio is high. Subsidence at the ocean floor at the end of a 14 day test is quite limited. However, there is significant uncertainty in the predictions of the geomechanical system's behaviour because they are not based on measured system properties but only on estimates/assumptions from analogues. The long‐term production potential of the reservoir at the site investigated here appears challenging because of the limited effectiveness of dissociation and large water production, in addition to substantial subsidence.
The effects of dispersal, herbivory, and competition on plant community assembly
Authors: Allbee Samantha A. , Rogers Haldre S. , Sullivan Lauren L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDispersal is a key process in community assembly but is often considered separately from downstream assembly processes (e.g., competition, herbivory). However, dispersal varies by species and can interact with other assembly processes through establishment as species enter communities. Here, we sought to distinguish the role of dispersal in community assembly and its interaction with two biotic assembly processes: competition and herbivory. We used a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment that manipulated the competitive and herbivore environments while allowing for natural dispersal and establishment from a diverse regional species pool into areas of low diversity. Dispersal, competition, and herbivory all influenced local communities. By tracking the spread of four target species across the plots, we found interspecific and intraspecific differences in establishment patterns, with herbivores influencing the number of individuals present and the distances species moved. At the community level, only dispersal and competition significantly influenced alpha diversity, but all three processes additively influenced community composition. There was also evidence of herbivore–competition and herbivore–colonization trade‐offs in our experiment. Some species that could tolerate herbivory were less likely to establish in competitive environments, while others that could tolerate herbivory were more likely to disperse greater distances. More work is needed to understand the contexts under which dispersal variation affects community assembly and its synergy with other processes.
Development of multi‐port converter with square‐wave‐voltage multilevel converter and active power filter connected in series
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Miyasita Mitsuru , Itoh Jun‐Ichi , Noge Yuichi , Ishibashi Masaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi‐port DC‐AC converter with high efficiency and high‐power density. The proposed circuit consists of a full bridge converter, a series active filter, and an unfolder circuit. The proposed circuit reduces the low switching losses owing to the square waveform operation with low switching frequency. In addition, the proposed converter improves the power density because the number of inductors is significantly reduced compared to the conventional multi‐port converter. As the experimental result, the maximum efficiency of the proposed circuit reached 99.3%. Finally, the power density of the proposed converter is evaluated by the Pareto front curve. As the result, the power density of the proposed circuit was increased by 1.6 times in comparison with the conventional circuit.
We Need to Talk about Kekulé: The 150th Anniversary of the Benzene Structure
Authors: De Clercq Pierre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough the paper published by Kekulé in 1865 is generally accepted as the seminal document regarding the elucidation of the structure of benzene, it was not for another seven years that Kekulé introduced a “collision theory” which, in his view, made the 1,3,5‐cyclohexatriene formulation at last acceptable. 2022 is therefore an appropriate year to celebrate the 150th anniversary of his proposal. The present Perspective focusses in particular on how Kekulé’s mind has evolved during that short period of time. After a short introduction, followed by a historical note about the emergence of aromatic chemistry and the role of Kekulé as founder of structural organic chemistry, this Perspective discloses in three chapters the step‐by‐step unveiling of the 1,3,5‐cyclohexatriene structure and focusses on Kekulé’s own dubiety about this formula. Eventually, in 1872 Kekulé’s benzene saga is completed in the article in which he discloses his final theory on the structure of benzene. In the last section, a short review is presented on the later quest for a fully symmetric single‐formula representation of benzene.
Financial assessment of the community‐based dental education program at the Indiana University School of Dentistry
Authors: Shukla Anubhuti , Amrutham Bhavya Vaishnavi , Romito Laura , Rodriguez Andres Alfredo Mantilla , Martinez Mier E. Angeles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a gap in access to oral health services for millions of Americans residing in health professional shortage areas. The community‐based dental education program at the Indiana University School of Dentistry is an innovative model that aims to improve access to oral health services in rural underserved Indiana.ObjectiveWith this study, our goal was to assess the financial implications of the program over a period of 3 years (2018–2021).MethodsProxy estimates for the revenue generated by students at the community clinic sites were calculated and compared against the implementation costs of the program as well as revenue lost by the school during the rotation period. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the quantitative impact of the program over the 3 years.ResultsThe total of 7460 patients who were offered care as part of this program were mostly from the uninsured group or were covered under Medicaid. According to our cost‐benefit analysis which was conducted during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the total revenue of $1,777,097 was generated by students at the community sites through the 3‐year period. The revenue generated was still more than the dollar amount invested in running the program, given the timeline of the study was when elective services were mostly suspended.ConcludeWe conclude community programs like these have an impact beyond the dollar value; they can be modeled to be cost‐effective, improve access to oral health services for millions of Americans in underserved settings and at the same time provide a great learning experience for dental students.
Guide mapping for effective superficial photothermal coagulation of the esophagus using computer simulations with ex vivo sheep model validation study
Authors: Turker‐Burhan Merve , Ersoy Nevin , Bagriyanik Husnu A. , Tozburun Serhat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe transfer and widespread acceptance of laser‐induced thermal therapy into gastroenterology remain a topic of interest. However, a practical approach to the quantitative effect of photothermal injury in the esophagus needs further investigation. Here, we aim to perform computer simulations that simulate laser scanning and calculate the laser‐induced thermal damage area. The simulation engine offers the results in a guide map for laser coagulation with a well‐confined therapeutic area according to laser irradiance and surface scanning speed. The study also presents validation experiments that include histology analyses in an ex vivo sheep esophagus model.MethodsThe simulation engine was developed based on the Monte‐Carlo method and the Arrhenius damage integral. The computational model mimicked laser scanning by shifting the position of the calculated heat source in the grating system along the axis to be scanned. The performance of the simulations was tested in an ex vivo sheep esophagus model at a laser wavelength of 1505 nm. Histological analysis, hematoxylin–eosin staining, light microscope imaging, and block‐face scanning electron microscopy were used to assess thermal damage to the tissue model.ResultsThe developed simulation engine estimated the photothermal coagulation area for a surface scanning speed range of 0.5–8 mm/second and laser power of up to 0.5 W at a 0.9‐nm laser diameter in a tissue model with a volume of 4 × 4 × 4 mm3. For example, the optimum laser irradiation for effective photothermal coagulation in the mucosa and superficial submucosa depths was estimated to be between 16.4 and 31.8 W/cm2, 23.2 and 38.1 W/cm2 at 0.5 and 1 mm/second, respectively. The computational results, summarized as a guide map, were directly compared with the results of ex vivo tissue experiments. In addition, it was pointed out that the comparative theoretical and experimental data overlap significantly in terms of energy density.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the developed simulation approach could be a seed algorithm for further preclinical and clinical trials and a complementary tool to the laser‐induced photothermal coagulation technique for superficial treatments in the gastrointestinal tract. In future preclinical studies, it is thought that the simulation engine can be enriched by combining it with an in vivo model for different laser wavelengths.
NOD1 induces pyroptotic cell death to aggravate liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Shipeng , Zhang Guoliang , Cai Jinzhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) can direct the release of inflammatory factors and influence autophagy and apoptosis in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. As pyroptosis is involved in a number of inflammatory reactions, in this report, we investigated the potential for NOD1 to affect pyroptosis. We found that an increased expression of NOD1 during IRI was related to activation of the pyroptotic signaling pathway. With NOD1 activation, cleavage fragments of Caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and interleukin (IL)‐1β were all increased. Moreover, downregulation of NOD1 expression in AML12 cells exerted an opposite effect. Expression levels of cleaved‐Caspase‐1 and cleaved‐GSDMD decreased after exposure to IRI and the number of cell membrane pores and apoptotic or pyroptotic cells decreased, along with the contents of inflammatory factors and lactate dehydrogenase in the supernatants of AML12 cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that NOD1 aggravates the pyroptotic cell death associated with hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury in a mouse model via the Caspase‐1/GSDMD axis. These findings help to alleviate pyroptotic cell death during liver transplantation or resection, providing new insights into novel protective therapies for liver IRI.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of PSMA‐targeted nanobubbles for quantification of extravasation and binding in mice models of prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Chuan , Perera Reshani , Kolios Michael C. , Wijkstra Hessel , Mischi Massimo , Exner Agata A. , Turco Simona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) by injection of microbubbles (MBs) has shown promise as a cost‐effective imaging modality for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. More recently, nanobubbles (NBs) have been proposed as novel ultrasound contrast agents. Unlike MBs, which are intravascular ultrasound contrast agents, the smaller diameter of NBs allows them to cross the vessel wall and target specific receptors on cancer cells such as the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA). It has been demonstrated that PSMA‐targeted NBs can bind to the receptors of PCa cells and show a prolonged retention effect in dual‐tumor mice models. However, the analysis of the prolonged retention effect has so far been limited to qualitative or semi‐quantitative approaches.MethodsThis work introduces two pharmacokinetics models for quantitative analysis of time–intensity curves (TICs) obtained from the CEUS loops. The first model is based on describing the vascular input by the modified local density random walk (mLDRW) model and independently interprets TICs from each tumor lesion. Differently, the second model is based on the reference‐tissue model, previously proposed in the context of nuclear imaging, and describes the binding kinetics of an indicator in a target tissue by using a reference tissue where binding does not occur.ResultsOur results show that four estimated parameters, β, , , for the mLDRW‐input model, and γ for the reference‐based model, were significantly different (p‐value <0.05) between free NBs and PSMA‐NBs. These parameters estimated by the two models demonstrate different behaviors between PSMA‐targeted and free NBs.ConclusionsThese promising results encourage further quantitative analysis of targeted NBs for improved cancer diagnostics and characterization.
Supercritical CO2 impregnation process applied to polymer samples preparation for dynamic nuclear polarization solid‐state NMR
Authors: Le Dao , Frison Amélie , Masmoudi Yasmine , Bouledjouidja Abir , Thureau Pierre , Mollica Giulia , Badens Elisabeth , Ziarelli Fabio , Viel Stéphane 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) was used to impregnate polymers with paramagnetic polarizing agents to prepare samples for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) experiments. As a proof of concept, we impregnated polystyrene samples with bTbK, which stands for bis‐TEMPO‐bisketal where TEMPO is 2,2,6,6‐tetra‐methylpiperindin‐1‐oxyl. Substantial DNP signal enhancements could be measured on DNP‐enhanced 1H → 13C cross‐polarization (CP) magic‐angle spinning (MAS) spectra recorded at 9.4 T and ~100 K, reaching a maximum value of 8 in the most favorable case, which appeared comparable or even higher than what is typically obtained on similar systems for former sample preparation methods. These results highlight the potential of scCO2 impregnation as an efficient and possibly versatile methodology to prepare polymer samples for DNP ssNMR investigations.
A new stochastic residual error based homotopy approach for stability analysis of structures with large fluctuation of random parameters
Authors: Zhang Heng , Huang Bin , Liu Yuhao , Xiang Xu , Wu Zhifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe large fluctuation of uncertain parameters introduces a great challenge in the stability analysis of structures. To address this problem, a novel stochastic residual error based homotopy method is proposed in this article. This new method used the concept of homotopy to reconstruct a new governing equation for stochastic elastic buckling analysis, and the closed‐form solutions of the isolated buckling eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained by the stochastic homotopy analysis method. On this basis, apth order origin moment of the stochastic residual error with respect to the elastic buckling equation is defined. Then, the optimal form of the homotopy series can be determined automatically by minimizing thepth order origin moment, which overcomes the disadvantage of highly relying on sample values of the existing homotopy stochastic finite element method. Moreover, the proposed method is developed to deal with the stochastic closely spaced buckling eigenvalue problem. Three mathematical examples and three buckling eigenvalue examples, including a variable cross‐section column, a 7‐story frame, and a Kiewitt single‐layer latticed spherical shell, are performed to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with the existing methods when dealing with large fluctuation of random parameters.
Freie‐Elektronen‐Laser bringen Licht in den Auger‐Prozess
Authors: Ilchen Markus , Helml Wolfram , Meyer Michael , Kienberger Reinhard 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Auger‐Effekt ist ein fundamentaler Prozess, bei dem Energie in Materie, etwa nach Aufnahme kurzwelliger Strahlung, durch Abgabe von Elektronen typischerweise innerhalb weniger Femtosekunden umverteilt wird. Experimente an Röntgenlasern machen es nun möglich, diesen bedeutsamen Effekt in bisher unerforschten Zuständen der Materie und in „Echtzeit“ zu untersuchen. Hierdurch lässt sich die interdisziplinäre Bedeutung des Auger‐Prozesses aus ganz neuen Blickwinkeln studieren, und wir erlangen im Detail Zugang zur ultraschnellen Dynamik der komplexen elektronischen Struktur von Materie.
Zweistimmiges Solo
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBeim Obertongesang hört man scheinbar zwei Stimmen. Dies beruht auf dem Trick, einen Grundton zu singen und dabei sehr hohe Obertöne zu verstärken. Daraus folgt die Wahrnehmung getrennter Töne. Der Obertongesang erfordert dabei eine präzise Technik. Dazu teilt die zum Gaumen hochgebogene Zunge den Mundraum in zwei Kammern.
Metastatic pulmonary calcification mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Loh Thian Chee , Pang Yong Kek , Liam Chong Kin , Chew Man Fong , Tan Jiunn Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is characterized by deposition of calcium in the normal lung parenchyma secondary to elevation of serum calcium. Most patients are asymptomatic and routine chest radiograph is not sensitive to make the diagnosis. Further imaging is needed such as computed tomography (CT) which typically shows small centrilobular nodules in the upper lobes. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old woman with end stage kidney disease who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis which was then revised to metastatic pulmonary calcification. The CT thorax feature for this patient was atypical for metastatic pulmonary calcification where it demonstrated tree‐in‐bud nodules suggestive of infection. The final diagnosis was made based on bronchoalveolar lavage which was culture‐negative for Mycobacterium and transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrating calcium deposition in the interstitium.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nicotinonitrile Derivatives as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Acid Pickling of Brass Alloy in Nitric Acid
Authors: Keshk Reda. M. , Elgawad Ghada. E. Abd , Sallam Eman. R. , Alsubaie Mai S. , Fetouh Howida. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree nitrogen‐heterocyclic nicotinonitriles compounds 4, 6‐dimethyl‐2‐(methylamino)‐nicotinonitrile 3; 2‐(dimethylamino)‐4, 6‐dimethyl‐nicotinonitrile 4, 2‐((3‐bromophenyl)‐amino)‐4, 6‐dimethyl‐nicotinonitrile 5 are prepared and characterized by Fourier transformer infra‐red spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Novelty of study is synthesis and evaluation of new series organic compounds of related chemical structures as corrosion inhibitors acid pickling of brass alloy by nitric acid. Compound 5 is prepared for the first time. Compounds 3–5 are potent biocides and efficient corrosion inhibitors for brass alloy. Inhibition efficiency 94 %, 95 %, 96 % are achieved at 180 ppm compounds 3–5, respectively. Inhibition efficiency followed the order: compound 5>4>3. For compound 5, increase charge transfer resistance and decrease in capacitance of electrical double layer confirmed adsorption mechanism. Limiting current indicated that corrosion is controlled by mass transfer of oxygen toward metal surface. Inhibition efficiency followed quantitative structure activity relationships. For the same molecular chemical structure of nicotinonitriles compounds 3–5, Substituents methylamino, dimethylamino and 3‐bromophenylamino increased inhibition efficiency following the order: 3‐Br‐C6 H4 NH>(CH3 )2 N>CH3NH.
Measures of religion and spirituality in dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Britt Katherine Carroll , Kwak Jung , Acton Gayle , Richards Kathy C. , Hamilton Jill , Radhakrishnan Kavita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionLiterature on the association of religion and spirituality (R/S) and health is growing. However, it is unclear how R/S affects outcomes and is assessed in persons with dementia (PWDs). In this integrative review, we evaluate published R/S measures and synthesize R/S findings for PWDs.MethodsWe searched five databases (ATLA Religion, CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, SocIndex) and identified 14 of 1043 studies for review. We assess the studies’ information, quality, measures, and results.ResultsWe identified 17 measures for R/S: six were adapted for use with PWDs and only two were validated for PWDs; most studies reported only measures’ reliability, with Cronbach's alpha. The studies’ findings support significant positive associations between R/S and cognitive function and negative associations between R/S and depression and behavioral expressions.DiscussionThe two validated scales indicated acceptable validity with overall good reliability. Nevertheless, diverse samples and rigorous study designs are needed to improve R/S measures and to examine associations over time for PWDs.Highlights
Few scales for measuring religion and spirituality (R/S) have been validated in persons with dementia (PWD); additional testing is needed.
Most R/S measures only reported scale reliability with Cronbach's alpha.
Studies supported positive associations between R/S and health yet few studies exist. conducted.
Only one spiritual intervention, spiritual reminiscence, was found for PWD.
More rigorous R/S studies are needed to examine health outcomes in dementia.
The effects of salinity changes on anammox performance: The response rule and tolerance mechanism
Authors: Wang Qingqing , He Shilong , Yang Wan , Zhu Jiabao , Zhang Wenkang , Xue Runze , Liu Longmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome wastewaters contain high concentrations of ammonia coexisting with large amounts of salt, which might negatively affect the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this study, the performance of the anammox process under different saline conditions was investigated using an upflow anaerobic sludge bed‐anammox system. After long‐term operating for 275 days, the results indicated that the nitrogen removal efficiency remained high under the 0–40 g NaCl/L, and low salinity (15 g NaCl/L) substantially promoted specific anammox activity. Affected by the saline environment, the appearance, color, and shape of sludge notably changed, and the amount of extracellular polymeric substances gradually increased with increasing salinity, which might be one of the reasons for the strong salt tolerance of the system. Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes were the dominant strains under long‐term salinity, and Brocadiaceae_g_ unclassified exhibited halophilic characteristics. The redundancy analysis results showed that the concentration of influent NH4+‐N and salinity were the main environmental factors affecting the microbial community of the system.Practitioner Points

Provides data to support the maximum value for salinity wastewater treatment with anammox processes' tolerance of 40 g NaCl/L.
EPS changes may be responsible for the response to salinity challenges and provide direction for high salinity wastewater treatment.
Brocadiaceae_g_ unclassified exhibited a halophilic quality. And it can be focused on to improve treatment efficiency.