bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inclusion and Filtration on Grain Refinement Efficiency of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Xu Yijiang , Bao Sarina , Akhtar Shahid , Tundal Ulf , Tjøtta Stig , Li Yanjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is well known that the filtration efficiency of ceramic foam filters (CFF) on aluminum melt can be significantly reduced by the addition of grain refiner particles under a high inclusion load. Also, it is usually considered that the filtration process has little impact on grain refinement efficiency. In this work, the influence of inclusions and filtration on the grain refinement effect of AA 6060 alloy has been studied. This was done through TP-1 type solidification experiments where the aluminum melt prior to and after the filter during a pilot-scale filtration test was investigated. In the experiments, 80 PPi CFFs were used to filtrate aluminum melt with an ultra-high inclusion load and two addition levels of Al–3Ti–1B master alloys. It is found that both inclusions and filtration significantly reduce the grain refinement efficiency of the grain refiner master alloys. A detailed characterization of the used filters shows that the reduction of grain refinement efficiency is due to the strong adherence of TiB2 particles to the oxide films, which are blocked by the CFF during filtration. A grain size prediction model based on deterministic nucleation mechanisms and dendritic growth kinetics has been applied to calculate the solidification grain size and estimate the loss of effective grain refiner particles during filtration. It is shown that due to the strong adherence between TiB2 particles and oxide films in the melt, the high addition level of aluminum chips also has an influence on reducing the grain refinement efficiency of aluminum melt without filtration. The results of this study extended our understanding of the behavior and performance of inoculant particles in CFF and their interactions with the inclusions.
The Janus kinase inhibitor (baricitinib) suppresses the rheumatoid arthritis active marker gliostatin/thymidine phosphorylase in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Joyo Yuji , Kawaguchi Yohei , Yonezu Hiroki , Senda Hiroya , Yasuma Sanshiro , Shiraga Hiroo , Nozaki Masahiro , Aoyama Mineyoshi , Asai Kiyofumi , Murakami Hideki , Waguri-Nagaya Yuko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGliostatin/thymidine phosphorylase (GLS/TP) is known to have angiogenic and arthritogenic activities in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The novel oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib has demonstrated high efficacy in RA. However, the effect of baricitinib on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), a key component of invasive synovitis, has not been still elucidated. This study investigated whether GLS/TP production could be regulated by JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling in FLSs derived from patients with RA. FLSs were cultured and stimulated by interferon (IFN)γ in the presence of baricitinib. Expression levels of GLS/TP were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunocytochemistry. Phosphorylation of STAT proteins was investigated by Western blot. In cultured FLSs, GLS/TP mRNA and protein levels were significantly induced by treatment with IFNγ and these inductions were suppressed by baricitinib treatment. Baricitinib inhibited IFNγ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, while JAK/STAT activation played a pivotal role in IFNγ-mediated GLS/TP upregulation in RA. These results suggested that baricitinib suppressed IFNγ-induced GLS/TP expression by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling, resulting in the attenuation of neovascularization, synovial inflammation, and cartilage destruction.
Quantifying occurrence of deformation bands in sandstone as a function of structural and petrophysical factors and their impact on reservoir quality: an example from outcrop analog of Productive Series (Pliocene), South Caspian Basin
Authors: Alkhasli Shahriyar , Zeynalov Gasham , Shahtakhtinskiy Aydin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeformation bands (DB) are known to influence porosity and permeability in sandstones. This study aims to predict the occurrence of DB and to quantify their impact on reservoir properties based on field measurements in the steeply dipping limb of a kilometer-scale fold in Yasamal Valley, western South Caspian Basin. An integrated approach of characterizing bands and their effect on reservoir properties included measurements of natural gamma radioactivity and permeability using portable tools, along with bed dip and the count of DB across distinct facies. A set of core analyses was performed on outcrop plugs with and without bands to estimate the alteration of rock properties at the pore scale. Interpretation of outcrop gamma-ray data indicates the absence of bands in Balakhany sandstones containing shale volume greater than 18% for unconsolidated and 32% for calcite-rich facies. A high amount of calcite cement appears to increase the number of DB. A poor, positive trend between bed dip and DB concentration was identified. We show that net to gross, defined as the thickness fraction of sandstone bound by mudstones, is among the parameters controlling the occurrence of bands. Samples containing a single DB show a 33% and 3% decrease in permeability and porosity, respectively, relative to the host rock. We reveal a new set of lithological and petrophysical factors influencing DB occurrence. This study offers a direct tool that can be applied in subsurface reservoir analogs to predict the occurrence and concentration of DB and estimate their influence on rock properties.
Application of Mathematical Modeling in Prediction of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics
Authors: AlArjani Ali , Nasseef Md Taufiq , Kamal Sanaa M. , Rao B. V. Subba , Mahmud Mufti , Uddin Md Sharif 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe entire world has been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 since early 2020. Human carriers are largely the spreaders of this new disease, and it spreads much faster compared to previously identified coronaviruses and other flu viruses. Although vaccines have been invented and released, it will still be a challenge to overcome this disease. To save lives, it is important to better understand how the virus is transmitted from one host to another and how future areas of infection can be predicted. Recently, the second wave of infection has hit multiple countries, and governments have implemented necessary measures to tackle the spread of the virus. We investigated the three phases of COVID-19 research through a selected list of mathematical modeling articles. To take the necessary measures, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease, and mathematical modeling has been considered a proven technique in predicting such dynamics. To this end, this paper summarizes all the available mathematical models that have been used in predicting the transmission of COVID-19. A total of nine mathematical models have been thoroughly reviewed and characterized in this work, so as to understand the intrinsic properties of each model in predicting disease transmission dynamics. The application of these nine models in predicting COVID-19 transmission dynamics is presented with a case study, along with detailed comparisons of these models. Toward the end of the paper, key behavioral properties of each model, relevant challenges and future directions are discussed.
Microdosing as a Potential Tool to Enhance Clinical Development of Novel Antibiotics: A Tissue and Plasma PK Feasibility Study with Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Oesterreicher Zoe , Eberl Sabine , Wulkersdorfer Beatrix , Matzneller Peter , Eder Claudia , van Duijn Esther , Vaes Wouter H. J. , Reiter Birgit , Stimpfl Thomas , Jäger Walter , Nussbaumer-Proell Alina , Marhofer Daniela , Marhofer Peter , Langer Oliver , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective
In microdose studies, drug pharmacokinetics is measured in humans after administration of subtherapeutic doses. While previous microdose studies focused primarily on plasma pharmacokinetics, we set out to evaluate the feasibility of microdosing for a pharmacokinetic assessment in subcutaneous tissue and epithelial lining fluid.

Methods
Healthy subjects received a single intravenous bolus injection of a microdose of [14C]ciprofloxacin (1.1 µg, 7 kBq) with (cohort A, n = 9) or without (cohort B, n = 9) a prior intravenous infusion of a therapeutic dose of unlabeled ciprofloxacin (400 mg). Microdialysis and bronchoalveolar lavage were applied for determination of subcutaneous and intrapulmonary drug concentrations. Microdose [14C]ciprofloxacin was quantified by accelerator mass spectrometry and therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
The pharmacokinetics of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin (cohort A) in plasma, subcutaneous tissue, and epithelial lining fluid was in accordance with previous data. In plasma and subcutaneous tissue, the dose-adjusted area under the concentration–time curve of microdose ciprofloxacin was similar in cohorts A and B and within an 0.8-fold to 1.1-fold range of the area under the concentration–time curve of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin. Penetration of microdose ciprofloxacin into subcutaneous tissue was similar in cohorts A and B and comparable to that of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin with subcutaneous tissue-to-plasma area under the concentration–time curve ratios of 0.44, 0.44, and 0.38, respectively. Penetration of microdose ciprofloxacin into epithelial lining fluid was highly variable and failed to predict the epithelial lining fluid penetration of therapeutic-dose ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions
Our study confirms the feasibility of microdosing for pharmacokinetic measurements in plasma and subcutaneous tissue. Microdosing combined with microdialysis is a potentially useful tool in clinical antimicrobial drug development, but its applicability for the assessment of pulmonary pharmacokinetics with bronchoalveolar lavage requires further studies.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03177720 (registered 6 June, 2017).
Motion intensity modeling and trajectory control of upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot based on multi-modal information
Authors: Wang WenDong , Zhang JunBo , Wang Xin , Yuan XiaoQing , Zhang Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe motion intensity of patient is significant for the trajectory control of exoskeleton robot during rehabilitation, as it may have important influence on training effect and human–robot interaction. To design rehabilitation training task according to situation of patients, a novel control method of rehabilitation exoskeleton robot is designed based on motion intensity perception model. The motion signal of robot and the heart rate signal of patient are collected and fused into multi-modal information as the input layer vector of deep learning framework, which is used for the human–robot interaction model of control system. A 6-degree of freedom (DOF) upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot is designed previously to implement the test. The parameters of the model are iteratively optimized by grouping the experimental data, and identification effect of the model is analyzed and compared. The average recognition accuracy of the proposed model can reach up to 99.0% in the training data set and 95.7% in the test data set, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed motion intensity perception model based on deep neural network (DNN) and the trajectory control method can improve the performance of human–robot interaction, and it is possible to further improve the effect of rehabilitation training.
Multi-label feature selection based on fuzzy neighborhood rough sets
Authors: Xu Jiucheng , Shen Kaili , Sun Lin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMulti-label feature selection, a crucial preprocessing step for multi-label classification, has been widely applied to data mining, artificial intelligence and other fields. However, most of the existing multi-label feature selection methods for dealing with mixed data have the following problems: (1) These methods rarely consider the importance of features from multiple perspectives, which analyzes features not comprehensive enough. (2) These methods select feature subsets according to the positive region, while ignoring the uncertainty implied by the upper approximation. To address these problems, a multi-label feature selection method based on fuzzy neighborhood rough set is developed in this article. First, the fuzzy neighborhood approximation accuracy and fuzzy decision are defined in the fuzzy neighborhood rough set model, and a new multi-label fuzzy neighborhood conditional entropy is designed. Second, a mixed measure is proposed by combining the fuzzy neighborhood conditional entropy from information view with the approximate accuracy of fuzzy neighborhood from algebra view, to evaluate the importance of features from different views. Finally, a forward multi-label feature selection algorithm is proposed for removing redundant features and decrease the complexity of multi-label classification. The experimental results illustrate the validity and stability of the proposed algorithm in multi-label fuzzy neighborhood decision systems, when compared with related methods on ten multi-label datasets.
A Novel Notion of Local and Nonlocal Deformation-Gamuts to Model Elastoplastic Deformation
Authors: Desai Shivang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLocalization and nonlocalization are characterized as a measure of degrees of separation between two material points in material’s discrete framework and as a measure of unshared and shared information, respectively, manifested as physical quantities between them, in the material’s continuous domain. A novel equation of motion to model the deformation dynamics of material is proposed. The shared information between two localizations is quantified as nonlocalization via a novel multiscale notion of Local and Nonlocal Deformation-Gamuts or DG Localization and Nonlocalization. Its applicability in continuum mechanics to model elastoplastic deformation is demonstrated. It is shown that the stress–strain curves obtained using local and nonlocal deformation-gamuts are found to be in good agreement with the Ramberg–Osgood equation for the material considered. It is also demonstrated that the cyclic strain hardening exponent and cyclic stress–strain coefficient computed using local and nonlocal deformation-gamuts are comparable with the experimental results as well as the theoretical estimations published in the open literature.
Effects of traffic signal coordination on the safety performance of urban arterials
Authors: Yue Rui , Yang Guangchuan , Zheng Yichen , Tian Yuxin , Tian Zong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban traffic congestion and crashes have been considered by city planners as critical challenges to the economic development of the city. Traffic signal coordination, which connects a series of signals along an arterial by various coordination methodologies, has been proved as one of the most cost-effective means of reducing traffic congestion. In this regard, Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) or Transportation Management Centers (TMC) have included signal timing coordination in their strategic plans. Nevertheless, concerns on the safety effects of traffic signal coordination have been continuously raised by both transportation agencies and the public. This is mainly because signal coordination may increase the travel speed along an arterial, which increases the risk and severity of traffic collisions. To date, there is neither solid evidence from the field to support the concern, nor theoretical-level models to analyze this issue. This research aims to investigate the effects of traffic signal coordination on the safety performance of urban arterials through microsimulation modeling of two traffic operational conditions: free signal operation and coordinated signals, respectively. Three urban arterials in Reno, Nevada were selected as the simulation testbed and were coded in the PTV VISSIM software. The simulated trajectory data were analyzed by the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) to estimate the number of traffic conflicts. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for various traffic demand levels. Results show that under unsaturated conditions, traffic signal coordination could reduce the number of conflicts in comparison with the free signal operation condition. However, under oversaturated conditions, no significant difference was found between coordinated and free signal operations. Findings from this research indicate that traffic signal coordination has the potential to reduce the risk of crashes on urban arterials under unsaturated conditions.
Water reuse in the food industry
Authors: Bailone R. L. , Borra R. C. , Fukushima H. C. S. , Aguiar L. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the significant growing demand for water, it is urgent to those in the food industry to consider a more rational and sustainable use of such a scarce natural resource. This chapter highlights alternative food processing methods that contemplate recycling and reusing water. Based on a systematic literature review, it highlights the adoption of cleaner production methods. The chapter focus on the meat and fresh produce sectors where evidence shows that water sustainability related methods is the most needed. Suggestions are proposed to minimize water waste through the treatment of effluents and decrease the impact of effluent pollution on the environment. In so doing, clear environmental and economic benefits could be achieved through the reduction of costs and value-adding to the final product. Yet, the implementation of Cleaner Production Methods would require support from the industry, policymakers, and consumers to encourage the recycling and reuse of water.
Missed Training, Collateral Damage from COVID 19?
Authors: Stirparo Giuseppe , Bellini Lorenzo , Fagoni Nazzareno , Compatti Salvatore , Botteri Marco , Villa Guido Francesco , Sironi Stefano , Signorelli Carlo , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Zoli Albero 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground:During the COVID-19 pandemic, a total lockdown was enforced all over Italy starting on March 9, 2020. This resulted in the shrinking of economic activities. In addition, all formal occupational security-training courses were halted, among them the 81/08 law lectures and Basic Life Support-Defibrillation (BLS-D) laypersons training courses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on BLS-D laypersons training courses in the Lombardy region.Methods:BLS-D training courses records for the Lombardy region were analyzed. The analysis was conducted from 2016 to 2020 as part of the Hippo project.Results:In the period between 2017 and 2019, BLS-D trained laypersons kept increasing, moving from 53500 trained individuals up to 74700. In 2020, a stark reduction was observed with only 22160 individuals trained. Formal courses were not halted completely during 2020. Still, in the months available for training, the number of individuals enrolled showed a sharp 50% reduction.Conclusions:Laypersons training courses for emergency management are a fundamental component of primary prevention practice. The 81/08 and 158/12 Italian laws have decreed this practice mandatory in the workplace. Following the enforcement of the lockdown and the subsequent interruption of emergency management courses, efforts will be necessary to re-establish and guarantee the high quality training of the pre-pandemic period.
p-Adic estimates of abelian ArtinL-functions on curves
Authors: Kramer-Miller Joe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to prove a ‘Newton over Hodge’ result for finite characters on curves. LetXbe a smooth proper curve over a finite field$\mathbb {F}_q$of characteristic$p\geq 3$and let$V \subset X$be an affine curve. Consider a nontrivial finite character$\rho :\pi _1^{et}(V) \to \mathbb {C}^{\times }$. In this article, we prove a lower bound on the Newton polygon of theL-function$L(\rho ,s)$. The estimate depends on monodromy invariants of$\rho $: the Swan conductor and the local exponents. Under certain nondegeneracy assumptions, this lower bound agrees with the irregular Hodge filtration introduced by Deligne. In particular, our result further demonstrates Deligne’s prediction that the irregular Hodge filtration would forcep-adic bounds onL-functions. As a corollary, we obtain estimates on the Newton polygon of a curve with a cyclic action in terms of monodromy invariants.
Alcohol use among adolescents in India: a systematic review
Authors: Nadkarni Abhijit , Tu Allison , Garg Ankur , Gupta Devika , Gupta Sonal , Bhatia Urvita , Tiwari Niharika , Heath Anna , Wen Karen , Fernandes Godwin , Velleman Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use is typically established during adolescence and initiation of use at a young age poses risks for short- and long-term health and social outcomes. However, there is limited understanding of the onset, progression and impact of alcohol use among adolescents in India. The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence about prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in adolescents from India.MethodsSystematic review was conducted using relevant online databases, grey literature and unpublished data/outcomes from subject experts. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed and applied to screening rounds. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers for eligibility, and then full texts were assessed for inclusion. Narrative synthesis of the eligible studies was conducted.ResultsFifty-five peer-reviewed papers and one report were eligible for inclusion in this review. Prevalence of ever or lifetime alcohol consumption ranged from 3.9% to 69.8%; and prevalence of alcohol consumption at least once in the past year ranged from 10.6% to 32.9%. The mean age for initiation of drinking ranged from 14.4 to 18.3 years. Some correlates associated with alcohol consumption included being male, older age, academic difficulties, parental use of alcohol or tobacco, non-contact sexual abuse and perpetuation of violence.ConclusionThe evidence base for alcohol use among adolescents in India needs a deeper exploration. Despite gaps in the evidence base, this synthesis provides a reasonable understanding of alcohol use among adolescents in India and can provide direction to policymakers.
Assuming Access to Professional Advice
Authors: Haupt Claudia E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccess to reliable health advice can make the difference between life and death. But good advice is hard to come by. Within the confines of the professional-client or doctor-patient relationship, the First Amendment operates in a way that protects good and sanctions bad advice. Outside of this relationship, however, the traditional protections of the First Amendment prohibit content- and viewpoint discrimination. Good and bad advice are treated as equal. A core assumption of First Amendment theory is the autonomy of speakers and listeners. Another assumption, as this Article demonstrates in the health context, is the availability of access to professional advice. This assumption, however, is erroneous because access to health advice in fact is unevenly distributed.This Article argues that assuming access to professional advice creates indefensible inequality. Lack of access to expert advice puts some listeners at much higher risk than others. Current First Amendment doctrine is largely unproblematic for those who can afford expert advice, and makes expert advice much costlier where health provider access is needed to obtain good advice. Those who lack access must place a higher degree of trust in widely-available information because they have no more reliable alternative. In other words, First Amendment doctrine places a higher burden on those who can least afford expert advice and who are most dependent on experts in public discourse.