bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control with practical finite time convergence for unmanned aerial vehicles under actuation faults
Authors: Yu Wei , Yan Jun , Pan Xiaohu , Tan Shilei , Cao Hongwei , Song Yongduan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive attitude finite time tracking control algorithm for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in presence of actuator faults, input saturation and external disturbance. The dynamic model of the quadrotor UAV is characterized with quaternion representation. Subsequently, using nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface, an adaptive fault‐tolerant finite‐time attitude control scheme is proposed. Using Lyapunov stability analysis, it is shown that the proposed method is able to achieve practical finite time attitude tracking convergence in that the attitude tracking error converges to a small residual set within finite time and all signals of the closed‐loop system remain bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed via numerical simulation.
Knowledge co‐production and researcher roles in transdisciplinary environmental management projects
Authors: Kruijf Joanne Vinke‐de , Verbrugge Laura , Schröter Barbara , den Haan Robert‐Jan , Cortes Arevalo Juliette , Fliervoet Jan , Henze Jennifer , Albert Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCalls for transformative change and participatory modes of knowledge production demand researchers to assume new roles. This paper synthesizes the literature on knowledge co‐production and researcher roles to explore challenges for researchers involved in transdisciplinary environmental management projects. Our research methods combine a scoping review and reflections on personal experiences with three transdisciplinary projects. To conceptualize researcher roles in transdisciplinary knowledge co‐production, we distinguish between three spaces: knowledge, formal policy, and stakeholder. Knowledge co‐production requires collaboration between actors from different spaces and integration of diverse knowledge sources and types. Depending on whether researchers adopt knowledge‐oriented, change‐oriented or intermediating roles, they will experience different challenges. When researchers combine knowledge development with change‐oriented and/or intermediating roles, they encounter new challenges, such as, maintaining independence or objectivity. To assist researchers in transdisciplinary projects, we conclude with a checklist of four elements to reflect upon: orientation, norms and values, expectations and resources.
Recent Advances in Benzimidazole Based NHC‐Metal Complex Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions**
Authors: Nair Pravya P. , Jayaraj Anjitha , Swamy P Chinna Ayya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the development of efficient, environmentally compatible and cost‐effective catalysts as a replacement for conventional metal catalysts. Among several catalysts developed, metal‐based N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts have garnered significant attention due to the unique steric and electronic properties imparted by NHCs, making them suitable for a broad spectrum of chemical transformations. Over a decade, benzimidazole based NHCs have been broadly investigated for the synthesis of metal complexes for a variety of catalytic processes. The interesting properties of benzimidazole scaffolds such as the ease of tailoring its electronic and steric properties via simple synthetic modifications, aids in achieving potential catalysts for cross‐coupling reactions and other hydrofunctional transformations. This review focuses on the synthetic approaches developed over recent years (2015–2021) concerning the structural tuning and modulation of the benzimidazole derived NHC ligands to generate catalytically active metal complexes for cross‐coupling reactions such as Heck, Suzuki, Sonogashira, Kumada and dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reactions.
Preparation of Porous Carbons Using NaOH, K2CO3, Na2CO3 and Na2S2O3 Activating Agents and Their Supercapacitor Application: A Comparative Study
Authors: Demir Muslum , Doguscu Merve 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sustainable energy development of green carbon precursors and inexpensive activating agents has gained great attention with respect to the manufacture of high‐performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Though the most investigated activation agents such as ZnCl2 and KOH provide porous carbon possessing the high surface area and large charge storage capacity, those activation agents suffer from the use of high dosage utilization and poor carbon production yield. Herein, we report an alternative preparation method for porous carbons using NaOH, K2CO3, Na2CO3 and Na2S2O3 as activating agents, respectively. Activating performances of four pore‐forming agents were compared in terms of textural, morphological and electrochemical performance. It was found that the NaOH‐activated electrode material (C‐NaOH) exhibited a high specific capacitance of 199 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 thanks to its large surface area along with large pore volume. In the two‐electrode system, the symmetric SC assembled by C‐NaOH electrodes delivered an energy density of 4.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 127 W/kg and maintained 3.9 Wh/kg at a power density of 1560 W/kg. Another outcome of this study was that the Na2S2O3‐assisted activating agent could introduce heteroatom into the carbon framework, which contributes to pseudocapacitance behavior of electrodes. Overall, the alternative activating strategy could provide a high‐performance carbon electrode and may offer a pathway for an advanced energy storage technology.
Nanobugs as Drugs: Bacterial Derived Nanomagnets Enhance Tumor Targeting and Oncolytic Activity of HSV‐1 Virus
Authors: Howard Faith H N , Al‐Janabi Haider , Patel Priya , Cox Katie , Smith Emily , Vadakekolathu Jayakumar , Pockley A. Graham , Conner Joe , Nohl James F , Allwood Dan A , Collado‐Rojas Cristal , Kennerley Aneurin , Staniland Sarah , Muthana Munitta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe survival strategies of infectious organisms have inspired many therapeutics over the years. Indeed the advent of oncolytic viruses (OVs) exploits the uncontrolled replication of cancer cells for production of their progeny resulting in a cancer‐targeting treatment that leaves healthy cells unharmed. Their success against inaccessible tumors however, is highly variable due to inadequate tumor targeting following systemic administration. Coassembling herpes simplex virus (HSV1716) with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles derived from magnetotactic bacteria enables tumor targeting from circulation with magnetic guidance, protects the virus against neutralizing antibodies and thereby enhances viral replication within tumors. This approach additionally enhances the intratumoral recruitment of activated immune cells, promotes antitumor immunity and immune cell death, thereby inducing tumor shrinkage and increasing survival in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer by 50%. Exploiting the properties of such a nanocarrier, rather than tropism of the virus, for active tumor targeting offers an exciting, novel approach for enhancing the bioavailability and treatment efficacy of tumor immunotherapies for disseminated neoplasms.
Enhancing the Electron Transport, Quantum Yield, and Catalytic Performance of Carbonized Polymer Dots via MnO Bridges
Authors: Huang Jie , Chen Yeqing , Rao Pengpeng , Ni Zongming , Chen Xueying , Zhu Jie , Li Chen , Xiong Gaoyang , Liang Ping , He Xin , Qu Songnan , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have received tremendous attention during the last decade due to their excellent fluorescent properties and catalytic performance. Doping CPDs with transition metal atoms accelerates the local electron flow in CPDs and improves the fluorescent properties and catalytic performance of the CPDs. However, the binding sites and the formation mechanisms of the transition‐metal‐atom‐doped CPDs remain inconclusive. In this work, Mn2+‐ion–doped CPDs (Mn‐CPDs) are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The Mn2+ ions form MnO bonds that bridge the sp2 domains of carbon cores and increases the effective sp2 domains in the Mn‐CPDs, which redshifts the fluorescence emission peak of the Mn‐CPDs slightly. The Mn2+ ions form covalent bonds in the CPDs and remedy the oxygen vacancies of the CPDs, which cuts off the non‐radiative–recombination process of the Mn‐CPDs and increases the quantum yield of the Mn‐CPDs to 70%. Furthermore, the MnO bonds accelerate the electron flow between adjacent sp2 domains and enhances the electron transport in the Mn‐CPDs. Thus, the Mn‐CPDs demonstrate excellent catalytic performance to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to degrade methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB).
Machine learning in postgenomic biology and personalized medicine
Authors: Ray Animesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, machine learning (ML) has been revolutionizing biology, biomedical sciences, and gene‐based agricultural technology capabilities. Massive data generated in biological sciences by rapid and deep gene sequencing and protein or other molecular structure determination, on the one hand, require data analysis capabilities using ML that are distinctly different from classical statistical methods; on the other, these large datasets are enabling the adoption of novel data‐intensive ML algorithms for the solution of biological problems that until recently had relied on mechanistic model‐based approaches that are computationally expensive. This review provides a bird's eye view of the applications of ML in postgenomic biology. Attempt is also made to indicate as far as possible the areas of research that are poised to make further impacts in these areas, including the importance of explainable artificial intelligence in human health. Further contributions of ML are expected to transform medicine, public health, agricultural technology, as well as to provide invaluable gene‐based guidance for the management of complex environments in this age of global warming.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Technologies > Prediction
Design and Development of Novel Wrought Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Sasaki Taisuke , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagnesium alloys are one of the lightest commercial metals, and applications of wrought magnesium alloys may lead to a substantial weight reduction of transportation vehicles. However, applications of wrought magnesium alloys are limited due to processing costs. This chapter discusses the requirements to broaden their applications through a brief review of existing wrought alloys. Then, a heat treatable wrought magnesium alloy is proposed as a new design concept for the wrought magnesium alloy. As an industrially viable precipitation hardenable alloy, Mg–Ca–Al(–Zn) dilute alloy is developed. A high strength Mg–Al–Ca–Mn alloy extrudable at high speed and a bake-hardenable Mg–Al–Ca–Mn–Zn alloy sheet with excellent room temperature formability and satisfactory strength are demonstrated, indicating the promising potential to develop heat treatable wrought magnesium alloys.
Atomistic Study of Disclinations in Nanostructured Metals
Authors: Shimokawa Tomotsugu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisclination is a line defect in which rotational symmetry is broken. Recently, such defects have been observed in nanostructured metals. Hence, disclinations can bring out the unique properties of nanostructured metals. This chapter shows two examples of disclination-mediated plastic phenomena observed in atomic simulations. The first one is the grain subdivision mechanism, which is related to the mobility of partial disclination under severe plastic deformation processes. The second one is a mechanism that improves the fracture toughness using the disclination shielding effect, which appears at grain boundaries after dislocation emission. These atomic simulations with the geometrical restrictions of boundary conditions showed the possibility of selecting a plastic deformation mode by designing structures, elements, and environments to obtain materials with excellent mechanical properties.
Flashback phenomena after administration of LSD and psilocybin in controlled studies with healthy participants
Authors: Müller Felix , Kraus Elias , Holze Friederike , Becker Anna , Ley Laura , Schmid Yasmin , Vizeli Patrick , Liechti Matthias E. , Borgwardt Stefan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
LSD and psilocybin are increasingly used in phase I trials and evaluated as therapeutic agents for mental disorders. The phenomenon of reoccurring drug-like experiences after the acute substance effects have worn off was described for both substances and especially attributed to LSD. According to the DSM-V, the persisting and distressing manifestation of these experiences is called hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD). Data on both conditions is very limited.

Objective
This study aims to provide descriptive data on reoccurring drug-like experiences after the administration of LSD and psilocybin in controlled studies with healthy participants.

Methods and materials
Data from 142 healthy subjects enrolled in six double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over studies were analyzed. In total, 60 subjects received LSD; 27 subjects received LSD, MDMA, and d-amphetamine; 31 subjects received LSD and psilocybin; and 25 subjects received psilocybin and escitalopram. At the end-of-study visit (mean 39.8 days after last study session, SD 37.2), subjects were asked for any reoccurring drug effects since the initial substance effects had worn off. Those reporting reoccurring perception changes more than 24 h after administration were contacted for follow-up (mean follow-up duration: 31.2 months, SD 28.6).

Results
Thirteen out of 142 subjects reported reoccurring drug-like experiences (LSD: seven, psilocybin: two, both: four). The reported phenomena were predominantly mild and perceived as neutral to pleasant. Flashbacks were mostly of visual nature, lasted for seconds to minutes, and occurred within a week after the last drug administration. Two subjects reported distressing experiences that subsided spontaneously. One subject reported brief and pleasant visual perception changes which reoccurred for 7 months. None of the subjects reported impairment in their daily lives. None of the cases met DSM-V criteria for HPPD.

Conclusion
Reoccurring drug-like experiences after the administration of LSD and psilocybin are a common phenomenon occurring in up to 9.2% of healthy subjects (7.8% for LSD, 8.3% for psilocybin and 14.3% if both substances are administered). Additionally, our work suggests that flashback phenomena are not a clinically relevant problem in controlled studies with healthy participants.
Survivorship, complications and patient-reported outcomes in calcar-guided short-stem THA: prospective mid-term multicenter data of the first 879 hips
Authors: Kutzner Karl Philipp , Maurer Steven Mark , Meinecke Ingmar , Heers Guido , Bosson Dominique 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Short stems are a bone and soft-tissue preserving alternative to conventional stems. The aim of this multicenter study is to present the mid-term outcomes of a calcar-guided short stem.

Materials and methods
This is a prospective case series of the first 879 total hip arthroplasties performed on 782 patients across 5 centers using identical calcar-guided short stems. In a mid-term follow-up (6 years), rates and reasons for complications and revisions were documented. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was obtained; patients reported pain and satisfaction using a visual analog scale.

Results
A total of 43 patients died in the study cohort for non-related reasons; 26 patients (3.0%) required at least 1 revision after the index procedure. The survival rate for endpoint stem revision at mid-term was 98.4%. The main reasons for stem revision were aseptic loosening and early periprosthetic fractures. Sex had no influence on stem survival. Older patients or those with a high body mass index showed increased risk for stem revision during follow-up. Dorr type A morphology revealed a significantly lower risk of stem revision than Dorr type B or C (p = 0.0465). The HHS, satisfaction, and load pain at mid-term were 96.5 (SD 8.0), 9.7 (SD 0.9), and 0.5 (SD 1.9), respectively.

Conclusions
This short stem produced highly satisfactory outcomes at mid-term, with 98.4% implant survival for any cause of stem revision and low complication rates. Long-term results are required to further evaluate these promising mid-term results.
Implications of inappropriate prescription of oral nutritional supplements on the quality of life of cancer outpatients: a cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Hassanin Islam A. , Salih Reem F. M. , Fathy Marwa H. M. , Hassanin Eman A. , Selim Dina H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are considered a cornerstone in the treatment plan of malnutrition in cancer patients. However, the prevalence of inappropriate prescription of ONS is high. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of inappropriate oral nutritional supplementation (consisting of prescription of ONS without evident clinical indication, or the absence of ONS when at risk of malnutrition) on the quality of life of cancer outpatients.

Methods
A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 104 cancer outpatients, receiving ONS without prior malnutrition risk screening (n = 51), and patients not receiving ONS (n = 53). Nutritional risk screening was performed using the abridged patient-generated subjective global assessment (ab-PG-SGA). The quality of life was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0 questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of quality-of-life scales. Age (years), malnutrition (ab-PG-SGA scores), BMI (kg/m2), TSF (mm), MUAC (cm), ONS (yes, no) were entered into the linear regression analysis as predictors (backward stepwise linear regression analysis).

Results
The prevalence of malnutrition risk (ab-PG-SGA ≥ 6) was 74%. The median score of the ab-PG-SGA for ONS receiving group was significantly higher (p = 0.045). Furthermore, univariate analysis showed that the scores of the global health status (QoL) and the role functioning (RF) scales were significantly lower for the ONS receiving group (p = 0.020 and p = 0.016, respectively). Multivariately, malnutrition, inappropriate ONS prescription, and triceps skin fold were found to be predictors of the RF scale, while malnutrition was the only predictor for the QoL.

Conclusion
The inappropriate ONS prescription does not improve nutritional status or quality of life of cancer outpatients.
Effects of workplace skin cancer screenings on preventive and risk behaviour
Authors: Wolf Sandra , Krensel Magdalene , Mohr Nicole , Augustin Matthias , Andrees Valerie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim
Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer in western countries and is associated with a high burden of disease. Skin cancer screenings can help detect cancer at an early stage and thus allow for better treatment. We aimed to analyse the impact of workplace skin cancer screenings on prevention behaviour and potential spillover effects on non-participants.

Subject and methods
Participants of workplace skin cancer screenings completed questionnaires at 0, 3 and 12 months on knowledge about and attitudes toward skin cancer and prevention behaviours. Effects over time were compared using McNemar tests. For additional analyses we performed logistic regression analyses.

Results
Of the 998 participants (44.7% women, mean age 43.3 years), 26.7% had never attended a skin cancer screening. The proportion of participants seeking shade for UV protection and the number of visits to dermatologists and general practitioners increased significantly in the year following workplace screening (p < 0.05). Two thirds (66.4%) recommended skin cancer screenings to others and at least 39.2% of them were sure that this recommendation was followed. Characteristics associated with participants’ recommendation for screening included female gender (odds ratio: 1.62), older age (odds ratio: 1.02), and lower education (odds ratio: 1.40).

Conclusion
Workplace screenings can complement routine skin cancer screenings. They inform participants about the existence and benefits of screenings and may have spillover effects for peers. They can also serve as another source of information on prevention and risk behaviours.
Cadmium and Lead Concentration in Drinking Instant Coffee, Instant Coffee Drinks and Coffee Substitutes: Safety and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Winiarska-Mieczan Anna , Jachimowicz Karolina , Kislova Svitlana , Kwiecień Małgorzata , Zasadna Zvenyslava , Yanovych Dmytro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in food is a global problem. The paper aimed to examine the content of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in instant coffee and instant coffee substitutes. The safety of consumption of the beverages by adult Poles was estimated based on the following parameters: tolerable weekly intake (TWI) %, benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) %, chronic daily intake (CDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI), for three beverage consumption patterns—one, two or three servings a day. Forty-nine samples of coffee, instant coffee drinks and coffee substitutes were analysed. The content of cadmium and lead was determined by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis. The maximum level of Cd in the analysed beverages was 3.2 µg, and that of Pb was 82.6 µg per 1 kg. The tolerable level of intake of Cd (TWI) and Pb (BMDL) with the analysed beverages did not exceed 2.5%. The value of CDI, THQ and HI was not higher than 1, which means that the risk of diseases related to chronic exposure to Cd and Pb consumed with coffee should be evaluated as very low. However, special note should be taken of Pb, as the level of this metal was higher than that of Cd, and for beverages with a higher weight per serving (e.g. Cappuccino), the intake of Pb can exceed consumer-safe levels if they are consumed on a regular basis. Therefore, it should be considered whether it is advisable for flavoured multi-ingredient instant coffee drinks to be consumed from time to time only, and natural coffee with optional milk and/or sugar be the choice of regular coffee drinkers.