bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerns About Psychiatric Neurosurgery and How They Can Be Overcome: Recommendations for Responsible Research
Authors: Müller Sabine , van Oosterhout Ansel , Bervoets Chris , Christen Markus , Martínez-Álvarez Roberto , Bittlinger Merlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric neurosurgery is experiencing a revival. Beside deep brain stimulation (DBS), several ablative neurosurgical procedures are currently in use. Each approach has a different profile of advantages and disadvantages. However, many psychiatrists, ethicists, and laypeople are sceptical about psychiatric neurosurgery.MethodsWe identify the main concerns against psychiatric neurosurgery, and discuss the extent to which they are justified and how they might be overcome. We review the evidence for the effectiveness, efficacy and safety of each approach, and discuss how this could be improved. We analyse whether and, if so, how randomised controlled trials (RCTs) can be used in the different approaches, and what alternatives are available if conducting RCTs is impossible for practical or ethical reasons. Specifically, we analyse the problem of failed RCTs after promising open-label studies.ResultsThe main concerns are: (i) reservations based on historical psychosurgery, (ii) concerns about personality changes, (iii) concerns regarding localised interventions, and (iv) scepticism due to the lack of scientific evidence. Given the need for effective therapies for treatment-refractory psychiatric disorders and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of psychiatric neurosurgery, further research is warranted and necessary. Since psychiatric neurosurgery has the potential to modify personality traits, it should be held to the highest ethical and scientific standards.ConclusionsPsychiatric neurosurgery procedures with preliminary evidence for efficacy and an acceptable risk–benefit profile include DBS and micro- or radiosurgical anterior capsulotomy for intractable obsessive–compulsive disorder. These methods may be considered for individual treatment attempts, but multi-centre RCTs are necessary to provide reliable evidence.
Geographic latitude and human height - Statistical analysis and case studies from China
Authors: Lu Guoguang , Hu Yi , Yang Zhihui , Zhang Yan , Lu Shengxu , Gong Siyuan , Li Tingting , Shen Yijie , Zhang Sihan , Zhuang Hanya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Based on Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS) data, this paper selects ten variables, including height, gender, household registration, and age. Through the statistical analysis of 57,574 survey samples, this study finds that the average height of China’s population has increased by more than 10 cm in the past 100 years. Among the findings, the data indicate the average height of men born after the 1990s is 11 cm taller than that of men born after the 1920s, which has now reached 173 cm, and that the height of women is 10.93 cm taller, averaging 163 cm. The average height of the Chinese population reflects significant differences in gender, region or province, urbanity and rurality, and nationality, among other variables. The average height of men and women gradually increases with the increase of geographical latitude. Some economically developed southern provinces approach the average height of the North. This paper predicts that the average height of the newborn population will continue to have inertial growth in the next 20 years, and the newborn male population will reach the World Health Organization’s ideal height standard of 176.5 cm by 2030. The analysis suggests that geographic latitude and heredity are the determinants of body development. Geographical latitude difference is a super-variable for human mitochondria to regulate the proportion of heat outflow and ATP transformation. Historically, the population living in high-latitude areas of China migrates to economically developed low-latitude provinces such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong, which is the main reason why the per capita height in these areas is significantly taller than that in other southern provinces.
Groundwater exploration by magnetotelluric method within the birimian rocks of mankessim, Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Victor Ofori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Magnetotelluric (MT) geophysical method has successfully been applied in groundwater exploration within the Birimian rocks of Mankessim. The technique has provided information on the rocks and structural relationships within the investigative depth of up to 300 m for hydrogeological purposes. The method provides information on the aquiferous zone and the general depth of burial. The study revealed that the resistivity of the subsurface materials within the study area ranges from 0.1 Ωm to 4.0 Ωm. The study shows that the groundwater occurrence in the area is mainly controlled by fractured and weathered zones. It is highly possible to encounter groundwater at the saprock zone. This zone is fractured and weathered zones sandwiched by the overburden and the bedrock. The static water level of the study area is about 25 m. This shallow depth makes the groundwater resource prone to contamination through anthropogenic activities such as the application of agrochemicals and the use of pit latrine which are common practices in the study area. The MT method is effective in the exploration of groundwater within the sedimentary environment.
Prospect evaluation based on integrated petroleum system analysis: Block E case study, south-eastern edge of Precaspian Basin (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Zhanserkeyeva A. A. , Kassenov A. K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenerative potential and thermal maturity for Upper Palaeozoic source rocks from the south-eastern edge of Precaspian Basin were determined using Rock–Eval. A high hydrocarbon source rock generative potential and high degree of thermal maturity for the Lower Permian, Mid-Carboniferous strata have been revealed based on 39 rock samples. TOC values of 0.4–5.5% have been obtained for mature source rocks. Integrated geochemical analysis determined from Rock–Eval studies combined with 1D basin modelling was utilized in order to reconstruct thermal evolution for the Upper Palaeozoic source rocks. Calibrated 1D models for three wells had been constructed to understand petroleum system. For two deep exploration wells (Nur-1 and Tassym SE-1), which penetrated pre-salt strata at the depths of 5.7 and 7 km, respectively, the impact of salt diapirism on timing of maturation was modelled. Type II kerogen was used, which is based on previous palaeogeographic studies. The stratigraphic framework and major stages of geodynamic evolution were analysed. Salt-related structural traps in post-salt strata have been described based on 3D seismic data, and additional intra-salt sediment packages have been delineated. Discovered producing oil fields in the Upper Triassic and Jurassic–Cretaceous stratigraphic sections are mainly confined to the four-way dip structural closures above the steep flanks of salt structures. Based on burial and thermal modelling, the maturation and generation behaviour of kerogen Type II below salt-related minibasins and close to thick salt diapirs were inferred. For Lower Permian SR with type II kerogen, the generation peak (maturity over 50%) occurs in Middle to Late Jurassic. For predominantly carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate Mid-Carboniferous marine SR, generation peak occurs earlier below salt withdrawal minibasins. Implications for deeper hydrocarbon prospectivity were made for the study area, and methodology for evaluating hydrocarbon potential adopting 1D basin modelling technique and geochemical data is presented.
Fathering a child after childhood cancer treatments
Authors: Serrano Joana B. , Meißner Andreas , van Pelt Ans M. M. , Mulder Callista L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong many deleterious ramifications of oncological treatments, there is permanent male infertility due to the damage to spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in the testes after chemotherapy or irradiation. For those patients that cannot produce sperm before cancer treatment, because of prepubertal age, there are no clinical options available to father a child. To preserve fertility in childhood cancer patients, freezing of a testis biopsy is already offered before cancer treatment, while fertility treatment options using this biopsy are still under development, including spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT). SSCT requires isolation and in vitro propagation of spermatogonial stem cells from the cryopreserved biopsy, followed by autologous transplantation back to the adult cancer survivor. Given the implications of this potential stem cell therapy to recipients, their partners, and future offspring, we here aim to thoroughly appraise the state-of-the-art of SSCT focussing on safety for both patient and his future children.
On Eisenstein series, color partition and divisor function
Authors: Pushpa K. , Vasuki K. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRamanujan recorded Eisenstein series identities of level 5 of weight 2. The objective of this article is to prove these identities by classical method and also we find some new Eisenstein series identities for level 7. Finally we make use of these results to obtain convolution sums of divisor functions. We will also be introducing certain restricted color partition functions which helps us to represent the convolution sums in a much elegant form than the existing ones.
A Genealogical Study of Facemasks in China: From Hygienic Modernity to Care
Authors: Gong Buyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite the omnipresence of facemasks in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, recent studies on their sociopolitical aspects remain insufficient. This article conducts a genealogical study that investigates the emergence of two differing masking strategies in two epidemic events in Chinese history. First, during the Manchurian plague 1910/11, it shows how the germ theory and historical anecdotes made anti-plague masks thinkable and practicable as a solution not only for airborne contagion but also for the biopolitical problem of ‘unhygienic’ population. In the second part, the analytical focus is shifted to the emergence of collective mask-wearing practices during SARS 2002/03 from the vantage point of subjectification. Facemasks then became a symbol of care in the neoliberal regime of responsibilization. This article concludes by arguing for a rethinking of facemasks as actants who actively participate in the constitution of the world we share.
Die innere Dynamik von selbst- und umweltbezogenen Tugenden im tugendhaften Akteur.
Authors: Runge Richard Friedrich 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie eudaimonistische Tugendethik sieht sich, was ihre innere Struktur anbelangt, standardmäßig mit den Vorwürfen des Egoismus und Anthropozentrismus konfrontiert, was auch das Projekt einer ökologischen Tugendethik zu gefährden scheint. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht, ausgehend von der Tugendethik Erich Fromms, eine neue Perspektive auf diese Standardvorwürfe zu entwickeln, indem er den theoretischen Implikationen nachgeht, die die Anerkennung der Biophilie – der Liebe zum Leben – als eine der Tugenden des Menschen für den Frommschen Ansatz hat. Die zunächst noch exegetisch ausgerichtete Diskussion der werkinternen Relation von humanistischer und biophiler Ethik bei Erich Fromm leitet schließlich zu einer stärker systematisch ausgerichteten Diskussion der inneren Dynamik von selbst- und umweltbezogenen Tugenden im tugendhaften Akteur über. In diesem Zuge wird deutlich gemacht, dass das selbstbezogene Streben nach eigener Eudaimonie und das umweltbezogene Streben nach der Förderung des Objekts der eigenen Liebe zwar durchaus miteinander in einen Konflikt geraten können, dass dieser Konflikt aber nicht zur Selbstauslöschung der Tugendethik führt, sondern stattdessen im tugendhaften Akteur eine produktive Dynamik entfaltet. Die klassische Gegenüberstellung von Anthropozentrismus und Biozentrismus innerhalb der Ethik lässt sich auf diese Weise unterlaufen.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody prevalence in a healthcare worker population exceeded self-reported infection rates, 2020
Authors: Hoover Susan E. , Reed Valerie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A study of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence at a healthcare institution prior to the availability of vaccine showed that seroprevalence in the cohort increased over 6 months from 25% to 55%. The number of employees with antibodies was higher than the number who reported an exposure or diagnosis at each time point.
The clinical and neuroimaging features of sporadic adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Ni You , Yang Zhao , Zhou Qinming , Liu Jun , Zhou Haiyan , Chen Sheng 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. NIID is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical manifestations, making diagnosis difficult. Here, we analyzed the clinical, pathological, and radiological features of Chinese NIID patients to improve our understanding of NIID.Methods:A total of 17 patients with sporadic NIID were recruited from the Ruijin Hospital Database between 2014 and 2021. Clinical patient information and brain MRI data were collected. All of the patients underwent standard skin biopsy procedures.Results:The average age of onset for symptoms was 60.18 years, and the average duration of illness was 4.06 years. All patients were diagnosed with NIID due to the presence of intranuclear inclusions confirmed by skin biopsy. Tremor was the most common initial symptom. The average ages at onset and at diagnosis were both lower in patients with tremor than in patients without tremor. NIID may be a systemic disease that affects multiple organs, for one patient had a history of chronic renal insufficiency for more than 10 years. In addition to high-intensity U-fibers signals on diffusion-weighted imaging, there were several other MRI findings, such as focal leukoencephalopathy and cortical swelling. Encephalitic episodes followed by reversible leukoencephalopathy was another important imaging feature of NIID.Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of NIID are highly variable. Tremor may be the most common initial symptom in certain cohorts. Encephalitic episodes followed by reversible asymmetric leukoencephalopathy may also indicate this disease.
Young children spontaneously invent three different types of associative tool use behaviour
Authors: Reindl E. , Tennie C. , Apperly I. A. , Lugosi Z. , Beck S. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAssociative Tool Use (ATU) describes the use of two or more tools in combination, with the literature further differentiating between Tool set use, Tool composite use, Sequential tool use and Secondary tool use. Research investigating the cognitive processes underlying ATU has shown that some primate and bird species spontaneously invent Tool set and Sequential tool use. Yet studies with humans are sparse. Whether children are also able to spontaneously invent ATU behaviours and at what age this ability emerges is poorly understood. We addressed this gap in the literature with two experiments involving preschoolers (E1,N= 66, 3 years 6 months to 4 years 9 months; E2,N= 119, 3 years 0 months to 6 years 10 months) who were administered novel tasks measuring Tool set, Metatool and Sequential tool use. Participants needed to solve the tasks individually, without the opportunity for social learning (except for enhancement effects). Children from 3 years of age spontaneously invented all of the types of investigated ATU behaviours. Success rates were low, suggesting that individual invention of ATU in novel tasks is still challenging for preschoolers. We discuss how future studies can use and expand our tasks to deepen our understanding of tool use and problem-solving in humans and non-human animals.
Psychosocial influences on pregnancy and childbirth behaviours in north-western Nigeria: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Johansson Emily White , Anaba Udochisom , Abegunde Dele , Okoh Mathew , Abdu-Aguye Shittu , Hewett Paul C. , Hutchinson Paul L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntenatal care (ANC) and facility delivery are essential maternal health services, but uptake remains low in north-western Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial influences on pregnancy and childbirth behaviours in Nigeria. Data were from a cross-sectional population-based survey of randomly sampled women with a child under 2 years conducted in Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara states of north-western Nigeria in September 2019. Women were asked about their maternal health behaviours during their last pregnancy. Psychosocial metrics were developed using the Ideation Model of Strategic Communication and Behaviour Change. Predicted probabilities for visiting ANC four or more times (ANC4+) and giving birth in a facility were derived using mixed-effects logistic regression models adjusted for ideational and socio-demographic variables. Among the 3039 sample women, 23.6% (95% CI: 18.0–30.3%) attended ANC4+ times and 15.5% (95% CI: 11.8–20.1%) gave birth in a facility. Among women who did not attend ANC4+ times or have a facility-based delivery during their last pregnancy, the most commonly cited reasons for non-use were lack of perceived need (42% and 67%, respectively) and spousal opposition (25% and 27%, respectively). Women who knew any ANC benefit or the recommended number of ANC visits were 3.2 and 2.1 times more likely to attend ANC4+ times, respectively. Women who held positive views about health facilities for childbirth had 1.2 and 2.6 times higher likelihood of attending ANC4+ times and having a facility delivery, respectively, while women who believed ANC was only for sickness or pregnancy complications had a 17% lower likelihood of attending ANC4+ times. Self-efficacy and supportive spousal influence were also significantly associated with both outcomes. To improve pregnancy and childbirth practices in north-western Nigeria, Social and Behavioural Change programmes could address a range of psychosocial factors across cognitive, emotional and social domains which have been found in this study to be significantly associated with pregnancy and childbirth behaviours: raising knowledge and dispelling myths, building women’s confidence to access services, engaging spousal support in decision-making and improving perceived (and actual) maternal health services quality.
Sociodemographic patterns of preterm birth and low birth weight among pregnant women in rural Mysore district, India: A latent class analysis
Authors: Kiplagat Sandra , Ravi Kavitha , Sheehan Diana M. , Srinivas Vijaya , Khan Anisa , Trepka Mary Jo , Bursac Zoran , Stephens Dionne , Krupp Karl , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFew studies have utilized person-centered approaches to examine co-occurrence of risk factors among pregnant women in low-and middle-income settings. The objective of this study was to utilize latent class analysis (LCA) to identify sociodemographic patterns and assess the association of these patterns on preterm birth (PTB) and/or low birth weight (LBW) in rural Mysore District, India. Secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study among 1540 pregnant women was conducted. Latent class analysis was performed to identify distinct group memberships based on a chosen set of sociodemographic factors. Binary logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association between latent classes and preterm birth and low birth weight. LCA yielded four latent classes. Women belonging to Class 1 “low socioeconomic status (SES)/early marriage/multigravida/1 child or more”, had higher odds of preterm birth (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.77, 95% CI: 1.05-2.97) compared to women in Class 4 “high SES/later marriage/primigravida/no children”. Women in Class 2 “low SES/later marriage/primigravida/no children” had higher odds of low birth weight (aOR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.51-4.22) compared to women in Class 4. Women less than 20 years old were twice as likely to have PTB compared to women aged 25 years and older (aOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.08-3.71). Hypertension (>140/>90 mm/Hg) was a significant determinant of PTB (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.02-5.07). Furthermore, women with a previous LBW infant had higher odds of delivering a subsequent LBW infant (aOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.40-3.29). Overall study findings highlighted that woman belonging to low socioeconomic status, and multigravida women had increased odds of preterm birth and low birth weight infants. Targeted government programs are crucial in reducing inequalities in preterm births and low birth weight infants in rural Mysore, India.
Multispecies probiotic administration reduces emotional salience and improves mood in subjects with moderate depression: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Baião Rita , Capitão Liliana P. , Higgins Cameron , Browning Michael , Harmer Catherine J. , Burnet Philip W. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe potential antidepressant properties of probiotics have been suggested, but their influence on the emotional processes that may underlie this effect is unclear.MethodsDepressed volunteers (n = 71) were recruited into a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study to explore the effects of a daily, 4-week intake of a multispecies probiotic or placebo on emotional processing and cognition. Mood, anxiety, positive and negative affect, sleep, salivary cortisol and serum C-reactive peptide (CRP) were assessed before and after supplementation.ResultsCompared with placebo, probiotic intake increased accuracy at identifying faces expressing all emotions (+12%, p < 0.05, total n = 51) and vigilance to neutral faces (mean difference between groups = 12.28 ms ± 6.1, p < 0.05, total n = 51). Probiotic supplementation also reduced reward learning (−9%, p < 0.05, total n = 51), and interference word recall on the auditory verbal learning task (−18%, p < 0.05, total n = 50), but did not affect other aspects of cognitive performance. Although actigraphy revealed a significant group × night-time activity interaction, follow up analysis was not significant (p = 0.094). Supplementation did not alter salivary cortisol or circulating CRP concentrations. Probiotic intake significantly reduced (−50% from baseline, p < 0.05, n = 35) depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, but these did not correlate with the changes in emotional processing.ConclusionsThe impartiality to positive and negative emotional stimuli or reward after probiotic supplementation have not been observed with conventional antidepressant therapies. Further studies are required to elucidate the significance of these changes with regard to the mood-improving action of the current probiotic.