bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptom management in people dying with COVID-19: multinational observational study
Authors: Oluyase Adejoke Obirenjeyi , Bajwah Sabrina , Sleeman Katherine E , Walshe Catherine , Preston Nancy , Hocaoglu Mevhibe , Bradshaw Andy , Chambers Rachel L , Murtagh Fliss E M , Dunleavy Lesley , Maddocks Matthew , Fraser Lorna K , Higginson Irene J 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo describe multinational prescribing practices by palliative care services for symptom management in patients dying with COVID-19 and the perceived effectiveness of medicines.MethodsWe surveyed specialist palliative care services, contacted via relevant organisations between April and July 2020. Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. Content analysis explored free text responses about symptom management in COVID-19. Medicines were classified using British National Formulary categories. Perceptions on effectiveness of medicines were grouped into five categories; effective, some, limited or unclear effectiveness, no effect.Results458 services responded; 277 UK, 85 rest of Europe, 95 rest of the world, 1 missing country. 358 services had managed patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. 289 services had protocols for symptom management in COVID-19. Services tended to prescribe medicines for symptom control comparable to medicines used in people without COVID-19; mainly opioids and benzodiazepines for breathlessness, benzodiazepines and antipsychotics for agitation, opioids and cough linctus for cough, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for fever, and opioids and paracetamol for pain. Medicines were considered to be mostly effective but varied by patient’s condition, route of administration and dose.ConclusionsServices were largely consistent in prescribing for symptom management in people dying with COVID-19. Medicines used prior to COVID-19 were mostly considered effective in controlling common symptoms.
Duloxetine for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN): systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Ronald , Novosel Madison , So Olivia W , Bellampalli Shreya , Xiang Jenny , Boldt Gabriel , Winquist Eric , Lock Michael , Lustberg Maryam , Prsic Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDuloxetine has previously been reported to be promising in the setting of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, on the use of duloxetine in prevention and treatment of CIPN.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from database inception up until April 2022. Articles were included in this review if they reported on duloxetine use in the setting of CIPN, in a multiarm comparative human trial. A random effects DerSimonian-Laird model was used to calculate summary risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% CIs, comparing duloxetine to placebo. This review was registered on.ResultsSeven randomised controlled trials that included 645 patients were identified. Five reported on duloxetine for treatment of CIPN, and two for prevention of CIPN. Two studies had some concern for bias. Duloxetine was statistically similar to placebo in its efficacy, both in the treatment (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.01) and prevention (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.19) of CIPN. Safety profile was similar, in the treatment (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.89) and prevention (RR 1.52, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.38) setting.ConclusionThere is currently limited evidence supporting duloxetine’s use for CIPN. There is a need for more comprehensive and higher-quality trials assessing duloxetine in the setting of CIPN, before further clinical practice recommendations.Trial registration numberPROSPERO (CRD42022327487).
Preclinical and Clinical Efficacy of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Kabraji Sheheryar , Ni Jing , Sammons Sarah , Li Tianyu , Van Swearingen Amanda E.D. , Wang Yanzhi , Pereslete Alyssa , Hsu Liangge , DiPiro Pamela J. , Lascola Chris , Moore Heather , Hughes Melissa , Raghavendra Akshara S. , Gule-Monroe Maria , Murthy Rashmi K. , Winer Eric P. , Anders Carey K. , Zhao Jean J. , Lin Nancy U. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Brain metastases can occur in up to 50% of patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Because patients with active brain metastases were excluded from previous pivotal clinical trials, the central nervous system (CNS) activity of the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is not well characterized.

Experimental Design:
We studied how T-DXd affects growth and overall survival in orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of HER2-positive and HER2-low breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM). Separately, we evaluated the effects of T-DXd in a retrospective cohort study of 17 patients with stable or active brain metastases.

Results:
T-DXd inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in orthotopic PDX models of HER2-positive (IHC 3+) and HER2-low (IHC 2+/FISH ratio &lt; 2) BCBMs. T-DXd reduced tumor size and prolonged survival in a T-DM1–resistant HER2-positive BCBM PDX model. In a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study of 17 patients with predominantly HER2-positive BCBMs, the CNS objective response rate (ORR) was 73% (11/15) while extracranial response rate was 45% (5/11). In the subset of patients with untreated or progressive BCBM at baseline, the CNS ORR was 70% (7/10). The median time on treatment with T-DXd was 8.9 (1.3–16.2) months, with 42% (7/17) remaining on treatment at data cutoff.

Conclusions:
T-DXd demonstrates evidence of CNS activity in HER2-positive and HER2-low PDX models of BCBM and preliminary evidence of clinical efficacy in a multi-institution case series of patients with BCBM. Prospective clinical trials to further evaluate CNS activity of T-DXd in patients with active brain metastases are warranted.
See related commentary by Soffietti and Pellerino, p. 8
Circulating Tumor and Immune Cells for Minimally Invasive Risk Stratification of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Termini Rosalinda , Žihala David , Terpos Evangelos , Perez-Montaña Albert , Jelínek Tomáš , Raab Marc , Weinhold Niels , Mai Elias K. , Grab Anna Luise , Corre Jill , Vergez Francois , Sacco Antonio , Chiarini Marco , Giustini Viviana , Tucci Alessandra , Rodriguez Sara , Moreno Cristina , Perez Cristina , Maia Catarina , Martín-Sánchez Esperanza , Guerrero Camilla , Botta Cirino , Garces Juan-Jose , Lopez Aitziber , Tamariz-Amador Luis-Esteban , Prosper Felipe , Bargay Joan , Cabezudo Maria-Elena , Ocio Enrique M. , Hájek Roman , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Solano Fernando , Iglesias Rebeca , Paiva Artur , Geraldes Catarina , Vitoria Helena , Gomez Clara , De Arriba Felipe , Ludwig Heinz , Garcia-Guiñon Antoni , Casanova Maria , Alegre Adrian , Cabañas Valentin , Sirvent Maialen , Oriol Albert , de la Rubia Javier , Hernández-Rivas José-Ángel , Palomera Luis , Sarasa Maria , Rios Pablo , Puig Noemi , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Flores-Montero Juan , Orfao Alberto , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Roccaro Aldo M. , San-Miguel Jesus F. , Paiva Bruno ,   on behalf of the PETHEMA/GEM and iMMunocell Cooperative Groups
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Early intervention in smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) requires optimal risk stratification to avoid under- and overtreatment. We hypothesized that replacing bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PC) for circulating tumor cells (CTC), and adding immune biomarkers in peripheral blood (PB) for the identification of patients at risk of progression due to lost immune surveillance, could improve the International Myeloma Working Group 20/2/20 model.

Experimental Design:
We report the outcomes of 150 patients with SMM enrolled in the iMMunocell study, in which serial assessment of tumor and immune cells in PB was performed every 6 months for a period of 3 years since enrollment.

Results:
Patients with &gt;0.015% versus ≤0.015% CTCs at baseline had a median time-to-progression of 17 months versus not reached (HR, 4.9; P &lt; 0.001). Presence of &gt;20% BM PCs had no prognostic value in a multivariate analysis that included serum free light-chain ratio &gt;20, &gt;2 g/dL M-protein, and &gt;0.015% CTCs. The 20/2/20 and 20/2/0.015 models yielded similar risk stratification (C-index of 0.76 and 0.78). The combination of the 20/2/0.015 model with an immune risk score based on the percentages of SLAN+ and SLAN− nonclassical monocytes, CD69+HLADR+ cytotoxic NK cells, and CD4+CXCR3+ stem central memory T cells, allowed patient’ stratification into low, intermediate-low, intermediate-high, and high-risk disease with 0%, 20%, 39%, and 73% rates of progression at 2 years.

Conclusions:
This study showed that CTCs outperform BM PCs for assessing tumor burden. Additional analysis in larger series are needed to define a consensus cutoff of CTCs for minimally invasive stratification of SMM.
Risk of Postdischarge Bleeding From Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Among US Black and White Adults
Authors: Heindl Brittain , Clarkson Stephen , Parcha Vibhu , Dillon Chrisly , Narayan Renuka , Usifo Ebikere , Hillegass William , Irvin Marguerite R. , Arora Pankaj , Zhai Guihua , Beasley Mark , Limdi Nita 
Published: September 2022

Background
Dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention reduces myocardial infarctions but increases bleeding. The risk of bleeding may be higher among Black patients for unknown reasons. Bleeding risk scores have not been validated among Black patients. We assessed the difference in bleeding risk between Black and White patients along with the performance of the Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Anti Platelet Therapy, Patterns of Nonadherence to Antiplatelet Regimens in Stented Patients, and Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk scores among both groups.

Methods and Results

This was a single‐center prospective study of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (2014–2019) and were followed for 1 year. The outcome was postdischarge Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2 to 5 bleeding. Incidence rates were reported. Cox proportional hazards models measured the effect of self‐reported Black race on bleeding and determined the predictors of bleeding among 19 a priori variables. The 3 risk scores were assessed among Black and White patients separately using the Harrell concordance index. Of 1529 included patients, 342 (22.4%) self‐reported as being Black race. Unadjusted bleeding rates were 22.7 per 100 person‐years among Black patients versus 16.3 among White patients (hazard ratio, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.00–2.00],
P
=0.052). Predictors of bleeding were age, glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, prior bleeding, ticagrelor or prasugrel use, and anticoagulant use. Among Black and White patients, respectively, the C‐indexes were the following: 0.644 versus 0.600 for Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Anti Platelet Therapy (
P
<0.001 for both), 0.620 versus 0.612 for Patterns of Nonadherence to Antiplatelet Regimens in Stented Patients (
P
=0.003 and
P
<0.001, respectively), and 0.600 versus 0.598 for Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (
P
=0.006 and
P
<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
The risk of dual antiplatelet therapy–associated postdischarge Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2 to 5 bleeding was not significantly different between self‐reported Black and White patients. Bleeding risk scores performed similarly among both groups.
Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Prevalence Among White, African American, African Immigrant, and Afro‐Caribbean Adults: Insights From the 2010–2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Baptiste Diana‐Lyn , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Koirala Binu , Francis Lucine , Spaulding Erin M. , Dennison Himmelfarb Cheryl , Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne 
Published: September 2022

Background
In the United States, Black adults have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than White adults. However, it is unclear how CVD risk factors compare between Black ethnic subgroups, including African Americans (AAs), African immigrants (AIs), and Afro‐Caribbeans, and White people. Our objective was to examine trends in CVD risk factors among 3 Black ethnic subgroups and White adults between 2010 and 2018.

Methods and Results

A comparative analysis of the National Health Interview Survey was conducted among 452 997 participants, examining sociodemographic characteristics and trends in 4 self‐reported CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, and smoking). Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were used to obtain predictive probabilities of the CVD risk factors. The sample included 82 635 Black (89% AAs, 5% AIs, and 6% Afro‐Caribbeans) and 370 362 White adults. AIs were the youngest, most educated, and least insured group. AIs had the lowest age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence of all 4 CVD risk factors. AAs had the highest prevalence of hypertension (2018: 41.9%) compared with the other groups. Overweight/obesity and diabetes prevalence increased in AAs and White adults from 2010 to 2018 (
P
values for trend <0.001). Smoking prevalence was highest among AAs and White adults, but decreased significantly in these groups between 2010 and 2018 (
P
values for trend <0.001), as compared with AIs and Afro‐Caribbeans.

Conclusions
We observed significant heterogeneity in CVD risk factors among 3 Black ethnic subgroups compared with White adults. There were disparities (among AAs) and advantages (among AIs and Afro‐Caribbeans) in CVD risk factors, suggesting that race alone does not account for disparities in CVD risk factors.
Housekeeping Proteins Exhibit a High Level of Expression Variability Within Control Group and Between Ischemic Human Heart Biopsies
Authors: Colombe Anne‐Sophie , Gerbaud Pascale , Benitah Jean‐Pierre , Pidoux Guillaume 
Published: September 2022

Background
Human cardiac biopsies are widely used in clinical and fundamental research to decipher molecular events that characterize cardiac physiological and pathophysiological states. One of the main approaches relies on the analysis of semiquantitative immunoblots that reveals alterations in protein expression levels occurring in diseased hearts. To maintain semiquantitative results, expression level of target proteins must be standardized. The expression of HKP (housekeeping proteins) is commonly used to this purpose.

Methods and Results

We evaluated the stability of HKP expression (actin, β‐tubulin, GAPDH, vinculin, and calsequestrin) and total protein staining within control (coefficient of variation) and comparatively with ischemic human heart biopsies (
P
value). All HKP exhibited a high level of intragroup (ie, actin, β‐tubulin, and GAPDH) and/or intergroup variability (ie, GAPDH, vinculin, and calsequestrin). Among all, we found total protein staining to exhibit the highest degree of stability within and between groups, which makes this reference the best to study protein expression level in human biopsies from ischemic hearts and age‐matched controls. In addition, we illustrated that using an inappropriate reference protein marker misleads interpretation on SERCA2 (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
ATPase) and cMyBPC (cardiac myosin binding protein‐C) expression level after myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
These reemphasize the need to standardize the level of protein expression with total protein staining in comparative immunoblot studies on human samples from control and diseased hearts.
Highly Visible Wall‐Timer to Reduce Endovascular Treatment Time for Stroke
Authors: Khazaal Ossama , Cox Mougnyan , Grodinsky Emily , Dawod Judy , Cristancho Daniel , Atsina Kofi‐Buaku , Ji Jonathan Y. , Neuhaus‐Booth Elizabeth , Ramchand Preethi , Pukenas Bryan A. , Kung David , Hurst Robert , Choudhri Omar , Burkhardt Jan‐Karl , Kasner Scott E. , Favilla Christopher G. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke has revolutionized clinical care for patients with stroke and large vessel occlusion, but treatment remains time sensitive. At our stroke center, up to half of the door‐to‐groin time is accounted for after the patient arrives in the angio‐suite. Here, we apply the concept of a highly visible timer in the angio‐suite to quantify the impact on endovascular treatment time.

Methods
This was a single‐center prospective pseudorandomized study conducted over a 32‐week period. Pseudorandomization was achieved by turning the timer on and off in 2‐week intervals. The primary outcome was angio‐suite‐to‐groin time, and secondary outcomes were angio‐suite‐to‐intubation time, groin‐to‐recanalization time, and 90‐day modified Rankin scale. A stratified analysis was performed based on type of anesthesia (ie, endotracheal intubation versus not).

Results

During the 32‐week study period, 97 mechanical thrombectomies were performed. The timer was on and off for 38 and 59 cases, respectively. The timer resulted in faster angio‐suite‐to‐groin time (28 versus 33 minutes;
P
=0.02). The 5‐minute reduction in angio‐suite‐to‐groin was maintained after adjusting for intubation status in a multivariate regression (
P
=0.02). There was no difference in the 90‐day modified Rankin scale between groups. The timer impact was consistent across the 32‐week study period.

Conclusions
A highly visible timer in the angio‐suite achieved a meaningful, albeit modest, reduction in endovascular treatment time for patients with stroke. Given the lack of risk and low cost, it is reasonable for stroke centers to consider a highly visible timer in the angio‐suite to improve treatment times.
Gaining, Losing, and Regaining Merit-based Scholarships
Authors: Ribar David C. , Rubenstein Ross 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Georgia offers two merit-based scholarships to in-state college students: HOPE Scholarships, which provide partial tuition support, and Zell Miller Scholarships, which provide full tuition support but with stricter eligibility and retention conditions. Studies have examined retention of these scholarships but not other dynamics, including gaining HOPE Scholarships if students enter without them and follow-on transitions after students initially lose or gain a scholarship. This study uses Fall 2013 to Spring 2019 administrative data from 26 University System of Georgia institutions to estimate multivariate hazard models of (a) losing an entering Zell Miller Scholarship, (b) losing an entering HOPE Scholarship, (c) gaining a HOPE Scholarship after matriculating without one, (d) regaining a scholarship, and (e) losing a non-entering scholarship. Many students change their scholarship status—hazard analyses predict that 25 percent of entering Zell Miller Scholarship students lose their scholarships by their 90th credit hour, 42 percent of entering HOPE Scholarship students lose their scholarship by their 90th credit hour, and 27 percent of students who enter without a scholarship gain one. Students of color, students with economic disadvantages, and men are more likely to lose scholarships and less likely to gain scholarships. These dynamics compound inequalities in initial scholarship receipt.
College Football Performance, Student Earnings, and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Carney Monica Harber 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fluctuations in U.S. college football team performance have been shown to have impacts on the student experience. This study explores the long-run implications, examining the impact of college football team performance relative to the period of student attendance on future earnings. Better college football team performance during the early years of school attendance increases average wages of male students, but does not impact female wages. Supplemental evidence suggests that positive shocks to student social networks may partly explain the positive impact on earnings. Better team performance near the time of graduation increases average wages for both men and women.
College Gap Time and Academic Outcomes for Women: Evidence from Missionaries
Authors: Marchant Margaret , Wikle Jocelyn S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study leverages a policy change in the missionary program of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that exogenously influenced the likelihood that a woman took gap time during college to understand how gap time influences women's subsequent choice of major and academic outcomes. If structured gap time shapes educational outcomes, increasing the uptake of gap time by women may be a mechanism to ameliorate later wage gaps. Using administrative data from Brigham Young University (N = 17,402) and an instrumental variables estimation strategy, we find that women who take gap time for missionary service shift into majors with higher expected salaries and are more likely to be in limited-enrollment majors and majors with a higher concentration of men. However, gap time decreases the likelihood of graduating within eight years of entering college, creating tension between the costs and benefits. On average, net benefits of expected wages are close to zero. Gap time most clearly benefits women with relatively low ACT scores who are more likely to be accepted into limited enrollment programs following gap time. This research informs university administrators and students alike seeking to understand the academic implications of taking planned time off during postsecondary education.
Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Attitudes, Expectations and Practices regarding Their Children’s Chinese Language Maintenance
Authors: Shen Chunxuan , Jiang Wenying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the attitudes, expectations and reported practices of Chinese immigrant parents with respect to their children’s Chinese language maintenance in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 30 parents. The study found that these parents unanimously agreed on the benefits of maintaining the Chinese language for their children. However, their positive attitudes were neither fully reflected in their expectations nor enacted in their practices. Parental expectations of their children’s Chinese proficiency were not very high, with only four parents hoping that their children would acquire both oracy and literacy in Chinese. Home practices of cultivating Chinese literacy were largely lacking. Our findings suggest that future improvement of Chinese LOTE programs in Australian schools would induce Chinese parents to make more effort in promoting heritage language practices among their children, particularly literacy-related language practices at home.
Jesus’ Paradigm for Relating Human Experience and Language about God
Authors: Deddo Gary W. 
Published: September 2022

The essay provides sustained theological reflection on Jesus’ command to ‛call no one father’ (Mt. 23), the assumption regarding the nature of human experience, and the paradigm utilized for relating it to our language about God. This approach is contrasted with contemporary arguments which conclude that reference to God as Father ought to be restricted or even eliminated.
While recognizing the necessity of taking seriously our broken human experience, these two options represent two distinct and incompatible approaches: one theocentric, the other anthropocentric. The anthropocentric approach is held to be ultimately neither compassionate, hopeful or healing. Furthermore, it undermines the validity not only of traditional Christian speech but also of any religious or philosophical language about God.
By contrast, Jesus offers us not just a command, but a theocentric approach which enables us to speak faithfully about God and which promises us a healing of mind, heart and life.