bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Environment, Motivation, and Challenges of Junior High Students under Physical Education Modular Instruction
Authors: C. Margario Bena Mae , Solidarios Joecil T. , Bual Joel M. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This paper described the availability of students’ learning environment in physical education under modular instruction in terms of exercise and dance in a public school in Negros Occidental, Philippines during the school year 2021-2022 when they were taken as a whole and grouped according to sex, parents' highest educational attainment, and family income. Likewise, it described their learning motivation both intrinsic and extrinsic. Lastly, it described their challenges in environment, content, teacher, learner, and technology.
Study Design: The study utilized the quantitative design particularly the descriptive approach.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among the students of a public school in Negros Occidental, Philippines during the school year 2021-2022.
Methodology: Using the validated and reliability tested questionnaires, the study was responded by 264 grade 10 students determined through stratified random sampling. The instrument was assessed using the scale: 1-strongly disagree, 2-disagree, 3-neutral, 4-agree, and 5-strongly agree. In terms of data analysis, mean and standard deviation were utilized to describe the three constructs.
Results: The students’ availability of learning environment facilities in physical education under modular instruction in terms of exercise (M=3.93; SD=0.52) is rated with agreeable result. In the availability of learning environment facilities relative to dance (M=3.88; SD=0.63), it was rated with agreeable result. Finally, the overall availability of learning environment facilities (M=3.91; SD=0.53) in physical education under modular instruction is rated with agreeable result. Meanwhile, the students’ intrinsic motivation (M=4.30; SD=0.60) is rated strongly agree. Their extrinsic motivation (M=4.09; SD=0.67) in physical education is rated agree. Finally, the overall students’ learning motivation (M=4.19; SD=0.60) in physical education is rated with agreeable result. The students’ challenges in learning physical education (M=3.31; SD=0.84) is rated neutral. The top challenge is the students’ difficulty in understanding the lessons in dance (M=3.69; SD=0.96) with agreeable result. The least challenge is on the students’ existing health conditions and diseases (M=2.29; SD=1.27) with disagreeable result.
Conclusion: The success of physical education modular instruction highly depends on the availability of environment facilities as manifested by the favorable space and adequate learning resources. Also, when the students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are in place, quality physical education instruction is guaranteed.
Risk Assessment of the Fungicide Talius with the Active Substances Proquinazid
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar 
Published: August 2022

Talius is a new fungicide containing the new active substance proquinazid. Talius is a fungicide against cereal powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) in cereals and grass seed. The risk assessment was finalized at a meeting Mai 29, 2012, by VKM’s Scientific Panel on plant protection products (VKM). VKM is in particular asked by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to look at the following:

The human health risk for operators related to the properties of the active substance and the product. o The effects seen in studies on dog and if these effects warrant a classification for chronic toxicity. o The oncogenic effects in liver and thyroid. o The establishment of reference values (ADI, AOEL and ARfD). o Dermal absorption. o The classification and labelling of the active substances and the product. • The fate and behaviour in the environment and the ecotoxical effects and risks with regard to the properties of Talius and proquinazid.

VKM’s conclusion is as follows:
Health:
VKM concluded that a less serious effect (dose-related ocular discharge increase) was seen in dogs in both the 90 days study and 1 year-study. The opinion of the Panel is that cholangiocarcinomas is relevant for the classification of cancer and VKM is concerned about these effects.
VKM proposes an NOAEL of 1.2 mg/kg bw/day for proquinazid based on the 2 year study with rats.
VKM support:

The proposed ADI value of 0.01 mg/kg bw/day. • The proposed AOEL value of 0.02 mg/kg bw/day.

The proposed ARfD value of 0.2 mg/kg bw/day. • The proposed classification from The Norwegian Food Safety Authority.

VKM supports The Norwegian Food and Safety Authority calculations for dermal absorption under Norwegian directions for use (2.6 times higher dilution).
Environment:
Proquinazid can be persistent under prevailing conditions in Norway and the Panel considers the results from the Finnish PEC calculator to be relevant for Norwegian conditions and expects that repeated annual applications may cause accumulation in soil up to an equilibrium level under Norwegian conditions.The potential for groundwater contamination from leaching of proquinazid and its metabolites are low. There are minimal risks for toxic effects of proquinazid to terrestrial organisms, sediment dwelling organisms, aquatic plants, and algae with the proposed application regime.
For fish and invertebrates minimal risks are calculated provided that a 3 m buffer zone is used.
Risk Assessment of the Growth Inhibitor Bonzi with the Active Substance Paclobutrazol
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar 
Published: August 2022

Bonzi is a new plant growth regulator containing the active ingredient paclobutrazol of the triazole chemical class. Bonzi is for use on ornamental plants, such as Chrysanthemum, Perennial Plants, Bedding Plants, Foliage Plants, Geraniums, Hibiscus and Azaleas, in nurseries and greenhouses.

VKM was requested by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to consider the potential of Bonzi and paclobutrazol to induce reproductive effects in humans; in particular the relative sensitivity and relation between maternal effects and the effects on the offspring; and to what extent cleft palate observed in developmental studies in rat can be regarded as a specific teratogenic effect of relevance for humans. The risk assessment was finalized in a meeting in VKM’s Scientific Panel on Plant Protection Products on May 24. 2013.
VKM’s conclusions are as follows:

No adverse effect on fertility or reproductive performance was seen in rats. VKM concluded that the incidences of twisted snout observed in the F1 and F2 offspring of paclobutrazol treated rats are not likely to represent a developmental alteration, but rather an unspecific toxic effect.

Marked maternal toxicity was seen in rats above 250 mg/kg bw/day, while partially ossified 7th cervical transverse processes and supernumerary 14th ribs were found in the offspring at 10 - 40 mg/kg/day. VKM concluded that the latter should be regarded as a direct teratogenic effect of paclobutrazol.

Furthermore, VKM concluded that the data from the developmental toxicity studies are inconclusive regarding the effect on cleft palate development in rat foetuses.

VKM proposes a NOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg bw/day for paclobutrazol based on a developmental toxicity study in rats.
Risk Assessment of the Insecticide Plenum 50 WG with the Active Substances Pymetrozine
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar 
Published: August 2022

Plenum is a new insecticide containing the new active substance pymetrozine. Plenum is an insecticide against different pests in ornamentals, lettuce, cucumber and tomato in greenhouse and against pollen beetles in oilseed- and turnip rapes. The risk assessment was finalized at a meeting Mai 29, 2012, by VKM’s Scientific Panel on plant protection products (VKM). The Panel is in particular asked by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to look at the following:

The human health risk for operators related to the properties of the active substance and the product. The Panel is in particular asked to look at the following: o The effects seen in studies on dog and if these effects warrant a classification for chronic toxicity. o The oncogenic effects in liver and lungs o The genotoxicity of metabolite CGA 300407. o The effects on reproduction and if the effects seen in teratology studies and developmental neurotoxicity study warrant a classification for developmental toxicity o The establishment of NOAELs and reference values (ADI, AOEL and ARfD). o The classification and labelling of the active substances and the product.

VKM’s conclusion is as follows:
The effects reported in the repeated dose toxicity studies with dogs should be considered as adverse.
The increased incidence of liver and lung tumors should be considered as relevant for humans. It cannot be excluded that a genotoxic mechanism could be involved in the formation of the liver tumors, which would have implications for risk assessment. It should therefore be considered to test pymetrozine in more sensitive in vivo genotoxic endpoints in liver.
The effects reported in the teratogenicity studies in rats and rabbits and in the developmental neurotoxicity study in rats should be considered for a classification of pymetrozine for developmental toxicity.
Risk calculations with both the German model and the UK POEM show low risk if personal protection equipment is used.
VKM propose:

NOAEL of 0.6 mg/kg bw/day for pymetrozine based on the 1-year study in dogs.

AOEL of 0.006 mg/kg bw/day for pymetrozine based on the NOAEL value at 0.6 mg/kg bw/day from the one year study in dogs and an UF of 100.

ADI of 0.006 for pymetrozine based on the NOAEL value at 0.6 mg/kg bw/day from the one year study in dogs and an UF of 100.

ARfD of 0.02 mg/kg bw/day for pymetrozine based on the LOAEL value at 8.1 mg/kg bw/day from the developmental neurotoxicity study and an UF of 500 (10 x interspecies difference, 10 x intraspecies difference, 3 x due to the use of a LOAEL value and 2 x due to the adversity of the neurodevelopmental effects).

VKM supports the classification proposal from Norwegian Food Safety Authority.
Risk Assessment of the Biological Plant Protection Products Nemasys G and Nemasys H with the Active Organism Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora
Authors: Källqvist Torsten , Borgå Katrine , Dirven Hubert , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Lyche Jan Ludvig , Låg Marit , Nilsen Asbjørn Magne , Sverdrup Line Emilie 
Published: August 2022

Nemasys G and Nemasys H with the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as the active organism is applied for as a plant protection product in Norway. Nemasys G is intended for use against the garden chafer (Phyllopertha horticola) in lawns and Nemasys H against black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) in strawberries and ornamentals.
VKM was requested by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority to consider the possible health and environmental risk related to the properties of Nemasys G and Nemasys H; in particular to evaluate if the nematode is naturally occurring in Norway, the potential for establishing and spreading under Norwegian conditions, possible taxonomic challenges and assessment of the health risk related to its use.
The assessment was finalized in October 2014 by VKM’s Panel on Plant Protection Products.
VKM’s conclusions are as follows:
Natural occurrence of the nematode:
The nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora has not been observed in Norway, but is widespread world-wide in regions with continental and Mediterranean climates. In Europe it has been isolated in France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldavia, Spain, Switzerland and the UK.
Potential for establishing and spreading of the nematode under Norwegian conditions:
The thermal preference of H. bacteriophora restricts its establishing. Short term establishment in the growing season is possible in parts of Norway. This nematode has however poor long term survival in soil, especially in the absence of suitable hosts, and the potential for long term establishment in Norway is considered to be low.
Taxonomic challenges:
There are no taxonomic challenges related to assessment of this nematode.
Human health risk for operators:
Exposure of user is considered to be low. The use of plant protection products containing Heterorhabditid nematodes against insects has not been associated with health effects on humans. The symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens has not been linked to pathogenic effects in humans. It is therefore the view of VKM that the use of the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora with the symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens will have minimal health risk for operators.
Risk Assessment of the Fungicide Infinito with the Active Substances Fluopicolide and Propamocarb HCL
Authors: Sverdrup Line Emilie , Bjørge Christine , Eklo Ole Martin , Grung Merete , Källqvist Torsten , Klingen Ingeborg , Låg Marit , Rivedal Edgar , Ropstad Erik , Øvrebø Steinar 
Published: August 2022

Infinito is a new fungicide containing the two active substances fluopicolide and propamocarb-HCL. Infinito is a new generation fungicide to protect potatoes against the blight pathogen phytophtora infestans. The risk assessment was finalized at a meeting Mai 29, 2012, by the Panel on plant protection products of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM).
The Norwegian Food Safety Authority would like, in this regard, an assessment of the following:

The fate and behaviour in the environment and the ecotoxicological effects and risks with regard to the properties of Infinito and the active substances. The Panel is particularly asked to look at the following: o The persistence of fluopicolide and its metabolites. o The leaching potential of fluopicolide and its metabolites.

VKM considers both fluopicolide and its main metabolite M-01 (2,6-dichlorobenzamid (BAM)) to be persistent in Norwegian soils and surface waters.
Other conclusions from VKM are as follows:

Fluopicolide and its main metabolite may have a significant potential for soil accumulation after repeated use under Norwegian conditions.

Fluopicolide shows low mobility in both studies and modelling. Metabolite M-01 (BAM) is however highly mobile.

There is minimal risk for toxic effects of fluopicolide to terrestrial and aquatic organisms with the proposed application regime.
Socio-environmental Factors as Determinants of Social Well-being of Adolescents in Foster Homes in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: A. Oluwamotemi Christiana , T. Olonisakin Bolatito , L. Adelekan Ademola 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study sets to discover the socio-environmental factors as determinants of social well-being of adolescents in foster homes in Southwestern Nigeria.
Study Design: This study was a descriptive survey.
Study Area: The study was carried out in the six States in Southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: Study participants were selected among adolescents in foster homes using stratified, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques, the data collection was done using Questionnaire (which contained three separate standardized instruments: Socio-Environmental Factors Scale (SEFS), Social Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and Adolescent Fostering Questionnaire (AFQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result: The results showed that peer influence, academic performance and attitude of the foster family were significant to social wellbeing of the adolescents. This result shows that although all the components of social factors correlated with the social well-being of the fostered adolescents, there is an insignificant relationship between social well-being and environmental factors of the fostered adolescents. Some (24.5%) of the adolescents saw their neighbors as very supportive and friendly and are welcoming to them. 13.7% were unable to decide on their neighbor’s character towards them 7.7% noticed their neighbors pitying them always, although most of them cannot say their minds out.
Conclusion: Fostered adolescents undergo more challenges within the child welfare system that may further compromise their social well-being. Adolescents in foster care, are exposed to risk factors such as poverty and maltreatment, which negatively affect their social skills. Providing safe, stable, and nurturing homes for the adolescents may wane the deleterious effects of their experiences by exposing them to protective factors that can encourage resilience.
Identification and Synthesis of Flecainide Acetate Impurities and Its Control to ICH Limit
Authors: Takale Nilesh , Kaliyaperumal Neelakandan , Mannathusamy Gopalakrishnan , Govindasamy Rajarajan 
Published: August 2022

The improved synthesis of Flecainide acetate (I) is conferred in this article. The chief intent to present this article is to identify and synthesis of the process related impurities of Flecainide acetate.
The article also provides the complete study and characterization of the process impurities. Most of the impurities are the in-situ generated intermediates which are tend to carryforward to the final step of synthesis. The more interesting part is the formation of 2,5 –bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-((4-methylpiperidine-2-yl) methyl) benzamide impurity during Flecainide acetate synthesis.
The article confers the synthesis of 2,5 –bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-N-((4-methylpiperidine-2-yl) methyl) benzamide and its control in Flecainide acetate.
O MOVIMENTO POLÍTICO INDÍGENA EM RORAIMA: identidades indígenas e nacionais na fronteira Brasil-Guiana
Authors: Grant Baines Stephen 
Published: August 2022

O trabalho aborda o movimento político indígena que se consolidou a partir da década de 70 do século XX, no Estado de Roraima, com o fortalecimento de identidades indígenas, focalizando, sobretudo, os Makuxi e os Wapichana. Analisa-se a interface dessas identidades com as identidades nacionais de brasileiro e guianense na fronteira internacional, que se consolidaram a partir da definição dessa fronteira em 1904. Examina-se como se sobrepõem essas identidades, e como se convivem simultaneamente como identidades contextualizadas entre os povos indígenas que habitam essa região desde muito antes da imposição da fronteira internacional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: movimento indígena, Makuxi, Wapichana, identidades nacionais e étnicas, fronteira. LE MOUVEMENT POLITIQUE INDIGÈNE À RORAIMA: identités indigènes et nationales à la frontière du Brésil et de La Guyanne Stephen G. Baines Ce travail traite du mouvement politique indigène qui s’est consolidé à partir des années 70 du XXe siècle, dans l’État de Roraima, grâce au renforcement des identités autochtones, et en prenant tout spécialement en considération les Makuxi et les Wapichana. Une analyse est faite de l’interface de ces identités avec les identités nationales brésilienne et guyannaise, à la frontière internationale, qui se sont consolidées à partir de la définition de cette frontière en 1904. On analyse la manière dont ces identités se supperposent et on cherche à savoir si elles se cotoient comme des identités en contexte avec les peuples autochtones qui habitent cette région depuis bien avant l’imposition des frontières internationales MOTS-CLÉS: mouvement indigène, Makuxi, Wapichana, identités nationales et ethniques, frontière. THE INDIGENOUS POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN RORAIMA: indigenous and national identities in the border of Brazil and Guiana Stephen G. Baines This article discusses the indigenous political movement which has been consolidated in Roraima State, Brazil, since the 1970s, through the strengthening of indigenous identities, focusing above all on the Macushi and Wapishana. An analysis is made of the interface of these identities with Brazilian and Guyanese national identities, on the international border, which became clearly defined after this border was demarcated in 1904. The ways in which these identities overlap, and exist together simultaneously as contextualised identities is examined among the indigenous peoples who inhabit this region since long before the international border was imposed. KEY-WORDS: indigenous movement, Makuxi, Wapichana, ethnical and national identities, frontier.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
POR UMA DEFINIÇÃO DE TERCEIRIZAÇÃO
Authors: Marcelino Paula , Cavalcante Sávio 
Published: August 2022

O leitor tem em mãos um texto cujo objetivo principal é propor uma definição de terceirização que seja, ao mesmo tempo, rigorosa do ponto de vista analítico e útil do ponto de vista político. Defenderemos que a terceirização é todo processo de contratação de trabalhadores por empresa interposta, cujo objetivo último é a redução de custos com a força de trabalho e (ou) a externalização dos conflitos trabalhistas. Se a formulação parece e é simples, de maneira alguma ela é consensual. Tal como veremos ao longo do texto, a terceirização é objeto de estudo de várias disciplinas e, dentro de cada uma delas, muitas são as controvérsias em torno da sua definição. Este texto é resultado de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e de estudos de casos específicos realizados pelos autores ao longo de suas pesquisas de pós-graduação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: terceirização, subcontratação, trabalho. FOR A DEFINITION OF OUTSOURCING Paula Marcelino Sávio Cavalcante The reader of this paper will find a proposal for a definition of outsourcing that intends to be both analytically rigorous and politically useful. We argue that outsourcing is the workers’ hiring process that is done through interposed company, whose ultimate objective is to reduce costs in relation to workforce and/or ‘externalize’ workers’ conflicts. Although this formulation seems simple, and in fact it is, it is not consensual. As indicated in this paper, outsourcing is an object of study of several disciplines and there are many controversies concerning its definition within each one. This text is the result of extensive literature research and case studies carried out by the authors throughout their postgraduate studies. KEY WORDS: outsourcing, subcontracting, labor. POUR UNE DÉFINITION DE LA SOUSTRAITANCE Paula Marcelino Sávio Cavalcante L’objectif principal de ce texte est de proposer une définition de la sous-traitance qui soit à la fois rigoureuse d’un point de vue analytique et utile d’un point de vue politique. Nous affirmons que la sous-traitance est tout processus d’embauche de travailleurs par entreprise interposée dont le but essentiel est réduire les coûts de la main-d’oeuvre et/ou les conflits liés aux droits du travail. Si la formule semble être et est simple, elle n’est consensuelle. Comme nous le verrons dans ce texte, la sous-traitance est étudiée dans diverses disciplines mais, dans chacune d’elles, les controverses au tour de as définition sont nombreuses. Cette étude est résultat d’une ample recherche bibliographique ainsi que d’études de cas spécifiques réalisées par les auteurs dans leur travail de master et doctorat. MOTS-CLÉS: sous-traitance, sous-contrat, travail. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh