bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning partners in criminal networks
Authors: Lopes Diego D. , Cunha Bruno R. da , Martins Alvaro F. , Gonçalves Sebastián , Lenzi Ervin K. , Hanley Quentin S. , Perc Matjaž , Ribeiro Haroldo V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent research has shown that criminal networks have complex organizational structures, but whether this can be used to predict static and dynamic properties of criminal networks remains little explored. Here, by combining graph representation learning and machine learning methods, we show that structural properties of political corruption, police intelligence, and money laundering networks can be used to recover missing criminal partnerships, distinguish among different types of criminal and legal associations, as well as predict the total amount of money exchanged among criminal agents, all with outstanding accuracy. We also show that our approach can anticipate future criminal associations during the dynamic growth of corruption networks with significant accuracy. Thus, similar to evidence found at crime scenes, we conclude that structural patterns of criminal networks carry crucial information about illegal activities, which allows machine learning methods to predict missing information and even anticipate future criminal behavior.
Phylogeographic structure of common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) reveals microrefugia throughout the Balkans and colonizations of the Apennines
Authors: Radosavljević Ivan , Satovic Zlatko , di Pietro Romeo , Jug Dujaković Marija , Varga Filip , Škrtić Danijel , Liber Zlatko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudying the population-genetic and phylogeographic structures of a representative species of a particular geographical region can not only provide us with information regarding its evolutionary history, but also improve our understanding of the evolutionary processes underlying the patterns of species diversity in that area. By analysing eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and two chloroplast DNA regions, we have investigated the influence of Pleistocene climate fluctuations on the evolutionary history ofSalvia officinalisL. (common sage). The populations with the highest genetic diversity were located in the central parts of the Balkan distribution range. A large group of closely related haplotypes was distributed throughout the Balkans and the central Apennines, while the private lineage occupied the southern Apennines. In addition, two highly differentiated lineages were scattered only over the Balkans. The results suggest that a single refugium of the studied species from the last glacial period was located in the central part of the range in the Balkans. Numerous microrefugia, probably spanning several glaciation cycles, were scattered across the Balkans, while colonisation of the Apennines from the Balkans occurred at least on two occasions.
Preclinical comparative study of [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 and [18F]PSMA-1007 in varying PSMA expressing tumors
Authors: Piron Sarah , Verhoeven Jeroen , Courtyn Jan , Kersemans Ken , Descamps Benedicte , Pieters Leen , Vral Anne , Vanhove Christian , De Vos Filip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA wide variety of 18F-labeled PSMA-targeting PET radiotracers have been developed, including [18F]AlF-PSMA-11. As there is only limited data on the comparison with other 18F-labeled PSMA PET tracers, a comparative preclinical study between [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 and [18F]PSMA-1007 was conducted. Mice with varying PSMA expressing tumors (C4-2, 22Rv1 and PC-3, each n = 5) underwent two PET/CT scans with both [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 and [18F]PSMA-1007. Ten additional mice bearing C4-2 xenografts were subjected to ex vivo biodistribution with either [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 (n = 5) or [18F]PSMA-1007 (n = 5). Absolute SUVmean and SUVmax values were significantly higher for [18F]PSMA-1007 scans in both C4-2 tumors (p < 0.01) and 22Rv1 tumors (p < 0.01). In C4-2 xenograft bearing mice, the tumor-to-organ ratios did not significantly differ between [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 and [18F]PSMA-1007 for liver, muscle, blood and salivary glands (p > 0.05). However, in 22Rv1 xenograft bearing mice, all tumor-to-organ ratios were higher for [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 (p < 0.01). In healthy organs, [18F]PSMA-1007 uptake was higher in the liver, gallbladder, small intestines and glands. Biodistribution data confirmed the increased uptake in the heart, small intestines and liver with [18F]PSMA-1007. Absolute tumor uptake was higher with [18F]PSMA-1007 in all tumors. Tumor-to-organ ratios did not differ significantly in high PSMA expressing tumors, but were higher for [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 in low PSMA expressing tumors. Furthermore, [18F]PSMA-1007 showed higher uptake in healthy organs.
Lightwave nano-converging enhancement by an arrayed optical antenna based on metallic nano-cone-tips for CMOS imaging detection
Authors: Hu Chai , Liu Taige , Liu Kewei , Shi Jiashuo , Ye Mao , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA kind of gold-coated glass nano-cone-tips (GGNCTs) is developed as an arrayed optical antenna for highly receiving and converging incident lightwaves. A local light field enhancement factor (LFEF) of ~ 2 × 104 and maximum light absorption of ~ 98% can be achieved. The near-field lightwave measurements at the wavelength of 633 nm show that the surface net charges over a single GGNCT make a typical dipole oscillation and the energy transmits along the wave vector orientation, thus leading to a strong local light field enhancement. An effective detection method by near-field coupling an arrayed GGNCT and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensor for highly efficient imaging detection is proposed. The lightwave detection at several wavelengths, including typical 473 nm, 532 nm, 671 nm, and 980 nm, shows a notable characteristic that a better capability of the net charge distribution adjusting and localized aggregating can be obtained at the absorption peak of the GGNCT developed and a stronger signal detection achieved. The research lays a foundation for further developing a light detector with an ideal optoelectronic sensitivity and broad spectral suitability, which is based on integrating GGNCTs as an arrayed optical antenna with common sensors.
Automated monitoring the kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical processes using a smartphone
Authors: Keller Mateus H. , Moreira Raphaell , Souza Bruno S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous chemical processes occupy a pivotal position in many fields of applied chemistry. Monitoring reaction kinetics in such heterogeneous systems together with challenges associated with ex-situ analytical methodologies can lead to inaccurate information about the nature of the catalyst surfaces as well as information about the steps involved. The present work explores the possibility of kinetic measurements of chemical reactions and adsorption processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems through the variation of RGB intensities of digital images using a smartphone combined with a program written in Python to accelerate and facilitate data acquisition. In order to validate the method proposed, the base promoted hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate was initially investigated. The rate constants obtained through RGB analysis (0.01854 min−1) is almost identical to that using traditional UV–Vis spectroscopy (0.01848 min−1). The proposed method was then applied to monitor the kinetics of three heterogeneous processes: (1) reduction of 4-nitrophenolate in the presence of dispersed Pd/C; (2) decomposition of methyl orange with TiO2; and (3) adsorption of rhodamine on montmorillonite. In general, the method via digital images showed high reproducibility and analytical frequency, allowing the execution of simultaneous analyses, with an accuracy comparable to UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The method developed herein is a practical and valuable alternative for obtaining kinetic data of heterogeneous reactions and processes where a color change is involved, bypassing sampling collection and processing which decreases analytical frequency and may lead to data errors.
Nodal signaling regulates asymmetric cellular behaviors, driving clockwise rotation of the heart tube in zebrafish
Authors: Kidokoro Hinako , Saijoh Yukio , Schoenwolf Gary C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClockwise rotation of the primitive heart tube, a process regulated by restricted left-sided Nodal signaling, is the first morphological manifestation of left-right asymmetry. How Nodal regulates cell behaviors to drive asymmetric morphogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, using high-resolution live imaging of zebrafish embryos, we simultaneously visualized cellular dynamics underlying early heart morphogenesis and resulting changes in tissue shape, to identify two key cell behaviors: cell rearrangement and cell shape change, which convert initially flat heart primordia into a tube through convergent extension. Interestingly, left cells were more active in these behaviors than right cells, driving more rapid convergence of the left primordium, and thereby rotating the heart tube. Loss of Nodal signaling abolished the asymmetric cell behaviors as well as the asymmetric convergence of the left and right heart primordia. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Nodal signaling regulates the magnitude of morphological changes by acting on basic cellular behaviors underlying heart tube formation, driving asymmetric deformation and rotation of the heart tube.
Blockade of PGK1 and ALDOA enhances bilirubin control of Th17 cells in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Vuerich Marta , Wang Na , Graham Jonathon J. , Gao Li , Zhang Wei , Kalbasi Ahmadreza , Zhang Lina , Csizmadia Eva , Hristopoulos Jason , Ma Yun , Kokkotou Efi , Cheifetz Adam S. , Robson Simon C. , Longhi Maria Serena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnconjugated bilirubin (UCB) confers Th17-cells immunosuppressive features by activating aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor, a modulator of toxin and adaptive immune responses. In Crohn’s disease, Th17-cells fail to acquire regulatory properties in response to UCB, remaining at an inflammatory/pathogenic state. Here we show that UCB modulates Th17-cell metabolism by limiting glycolysis and through downregulation of glycolysis-related genes, namely phosphoglycerate-kinase-1 (PGK1) and aldolase-A (ALDOA). Th17-cells of Crohn’s disease patients display heightened PGK1 and ALDOA and defective response to UCB. Silencing of PGK1 or ALDOA restores Th17-cell response to UCB, as reflected by increase in immunoregulatory markers like FOXP3, IL-10 and CD39. In vivo, PGK1 and ALDOA silencing enhances UCB salutary effects in trinitro-benzene-sulfonic-acid-induced colitis in NOD/scid/gamma humanized mice where control over disease activity and enhanced immunoregulatory phenotypes are achieved. PGK1 and/or ALDOA blockade might have therapeutic effects in Crohn’s disease by favoring acquisition of regulatory properties by Th17-cells along with control over their pathogenic potential.
miR204 potentially promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibition of cpt1a in mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Kim Seonhee , Lee Ikjun , Piao Shuyu , Nagar Harsha , Choi Su-jeong , Kim Young-Rae , Irani Kaikobad , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Kim Cuk-Seong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hepatic metabolism dysfunction. However, the mechanistic role of miR204 in the development of NAFLD is unknown. We investigate the functional significance of miR204 in the evolution of NAFLD. IDH2 KO mice feed a normal diet (ND) or HFD increased body weight, epididymal fat-pad weight, lipid droplet in liver, blood parameter and inflammation compared to WT mice fed a ND or HFD. Moreover, the expression of miR204 is increased in mice with IDH2 deficiency. Increased miR204 by IDH2 deficiency regulates carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (cpt1a) synthesis, which inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. Inhibition of miR204 prevents the disassembly of two fatty acid-related genes by activating CPT1a expression, which decreases lipid droplet in liver, inflammatory cytokines, epididymal fat pad weight, blood parameters. Increased miR204 by IDH2 deficiency promotes the pathogenesis of HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating hepatic fatty acid metabolism and inflammation.
Frontoparietal network activation is associated with motor recovery in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Olafson Emily , Russello Georgia , Jamison Keith W. , Liu Hesheng , Wang Danhong , Bruss Joel E. , Boes Aaron D. , Kuceyeski Amy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStrokes cause lesions that damage brain tissue, disrupt normal brain activity patterns and can lead to impairments in motor function. Although modulation of cortical activity is central to stimulation-based rehabilitative therapies, aberrant and adaptive patterns of brain activity after stroke have not yet been fully characterized. Here, we apply a brain dynamics analysis approach to study longitudinal brain activity patterns in individuals with ischemic pontine stroke. We first found 4 commonly occurring brain states largely characterized by high amplitude activations in the visual, frontoparietal, default mode, and motor networks. Stroke subjects spent less time in the frontoparietal state compared to controls. For individuals with dominant-hand CST damage, more time spent in the frontoparietal state from 1 week to 3-6 months post-stroke was associated with better motor recovery over the same time period, an association which was independent of baseline impairment. Furthermore, the amount of time spent in brain states was linked empirically to functional connectivity. This work suggests that when the dominant-hand CST is compromised in stroke, resting state configurations may include increased activation of the frontoparietal network, which may facilitate compensatory neural pathways that support recovery of motor function when traditional motor circuits of the dominant-hemisphere are compromised.
Improved visual detection of DNA amplification using pyridylazophenol metal sensing dyes
Authors: Zhang Yinhua , Hunt Eric A. , Tamanaha Esta , Corrêa Ivan R. , Tanner Nathan A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetection of nucleic acid amplification has typically required sophisticated laboratory instrumentation, but as the amplification techniques have moved away from the lab, complementary detection techniques have been implemented to facilitate point-of-care, field, and even at-home applications. Simple visual detection approaches have been widely used for isothermal amplification methods, but have generally displayed weak color changes or been highly sensitive to sample and atmospheric effects. Here we describe the use of pyridylazophenol dyes and binding to manganese ion to produce a strong visible color that changes in response to nucleic acid amplification. This detection approach is easily quantitated with absorbance, rapidly and clearly visible by eye, robust to sample effects, and notably compatible with both isothermal and PCR amplification. Nucleic acid amplification and molecular diagnostic methods are being used in an increasing number of novel applications and settings, and the ability to reliably and sensitively detect them without the need for additional instrumentation will enable even more access to these powerful techniques.
Quantum spin liquid candidate as superior refrigerant in cascade demagnetization cooling
Authors: Liu Xin-Yang , Gao Yuan , Li Han , Jin Wentao , Xiang Junsen , Jin Hai , Chen Ziyu , Li Wei , Su Gang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe quantum spin liquid (QSL) states with no long-range magnetic order even down to zero temperature have recently raised intensive research interest. Here we propose that the spin frustration characteristic of the QSL candidates also make them superior magnetocaloric materials that exhibit prominent cooling effect, especially near the quantum critical points. By simulating the highly frustrated kagome and triangular lattice models, we reveal a significant magnetothermal pumping effect when combing quantum magnets with paramagnetic salts, which can be exploited to design a high-performance cascade demagnetization refrigerator. Moreover, with realistic magnetic compounds YbAlO3 and Na2BaCo(PO4)2, we find a giant enhancement in the cooling capacity characterized by a great increment rate, e.g., more than 200% when working between 3 K heat sink and 30 mK load. Our work thus paves a promising and viable way for the quantum spin cooling to promote the helium-free refrigeration useful in space applications and quantum technologies.
Unsupervised learning on particle image velocimetry with embedded cross‐correlation and divergence‐free constraint
Authors: Chong Yiwei , Liang Jiaming , Chen Tehuan , Xu Chao , Pan Changchun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParticle image velocimetry (PIV) is an essential method in experimental fluid dynamics. In recent years, the development of deep learning‐based methods has inspired new approaches to tackle the PIV problem, which considerably improves the accuracy of PIV. However, the supervised learning of PIV is driven by large volumes of data with ground truth information. Therefore, the authors consider unsupervised PIV methods. There has been some work on unsupervised PIV, but they are not nearly as effective as supervised learning PIV. The authors try to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of unsupervised PIV by adding classical PIV methods and physical constraints. In this paper, the authors propose an unsupervised PIV method combined with the cross‐correlation method and divergence‐free constraint, which obtains better performance than other unsupervised PIV methods. The authors compare some classical PIV methods and some deep learning methods, such as LiteFlowNet, LiteFlowNet‐en, and UnLiteFlowNet with the authors’ model on the synthetic dataset. Besides, the authors contrast the results of LiteFlowNet, UnLiteFlowNet and the authors’ model on experimental particle images. As a result, the authors’ model shows comparable performance with classical PIV methods as well as supervised PIV methods and outperforms the previous unsupervised PIV method in most flow cases.
A heuristic control framework for heavy‐duty hexapod robot over complex terrain
Authors: Hou Jinmian , Chai Hui , Li Yibin , Xin Yaxian , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe large and heavy‐duty hexapod robot has strong motion stability and load capacity, which promises to have a wide range of application prospects in rescue and disaster relief. Multi‐mode gait and static stability during walking make the hexapod robot adapt to more diverse terrains, while little research has been conducted on the motion control methods of heavy‐duty hexapod robots in complex environments. A novel heuristic whole‐body motion control framework for the heavy‐duty hexapod robot to traverse complex terrain is presented. By splitting the legged locomotion into a single task, the whole‐body motion could be planned in a reasonable time. The terrain adaptation strategy is designed to improve the complex terrain passability. Ground reaction forces are then optimised based on single rigid‐body dynamics with heuristics. This framework utilised simple but powerful heuristics to approximate complex dynamics and allows for a single set of parameters for all task conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness and adaptability of the proposed framework.
Prominence fine structures in weakly twisted and highly twisted magnetic flux ropes
Authors: Guo J. H. , Ni Y. W. , Zhou Y. H. , Guo Y. , Schmieder B. , Chen P. F. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Many prominences are supported by magnetic flux ropes. One important question is how we can determine whether the flux rope is weakly twisted or highly twisted.
Aims. In this paper, we attempt to decipher whether prominences supported by weakly twisted and highly twisted flux ropes can manifest different features so that we might distinguish the two types of magnetic structures based on their appearance.
Methods. We performed pseudo three-dimensional simulations of two magnetic flux ropes with different twists.
Results. We find that the resulting two prominences differ in many aspects. The prominence supported by a weakly twisted flux rope is composed mainly of transient threads (∼82.8%), forming high-speed flows inside the prominence, and its horns are evident. Conversely, the prominence supported by a highly twisted flux rope consists mainly of stable quasi-stationary threads (∼60.6%), including longer independently trapped threads and shorter magnetically connected threads. Our simulations also reveal that the prominence spine deviates from the flux rope axis in the vertical direction and from the photospheric polarity inversion line projected on the solar surface, especially for the weakly twisted magnetic flux rope.
Conclusions. The two types of prominences differ significantly in appearance. Our results also suggest that a piling-up of short threads in highly twisted flux ropes might account for the vertical-like threads in some prominences.
Physiotherapeutische Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit
Neuromuskulären Erkrankungen – Online-Befragung von
Physiotherapeut*innen im Stadtgebiet München
Authors: Wirner Corinna , Thiele Simone , Malm Eva , Schoser Benedikt 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel Die Physiotherapie spielt in der symptomatischen
Behandlung von neuromuskulären Erkrankungen (NME) eine wichtige Rolle.
In der gesundheitlichen Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit NME kann es unter anderem
aufgrund der disziplinären Schnittstellen zu Intransparenz der
physiotherapeutischen Prozesse kommen. Die vorliegende Studie stellt den
IST-Zustand der physiotherapeutischen Versorgung von Erwachsenen mit NME dar und
beleuchtet Bedarfe von Physiotherapeut*innen, um die Qualität
der physiotherapeutischen Versorgung verbessern zu können.
Methodik Es wurde eine Online-Befragung von Physiotherapeut*innen
im Stadtgebiet München mittels Lime Survey durchgeführt. Der
Umfragelink wurde sowohl im stationären als auch im ambulanten Setting
sowie mit Hilfe des Schneeballprinzips gestreut. Die Angaben zu den
geschlossenen und offenen Fragen wurden quantitativ deskriptiv beziehungsweise
inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt haben 137 Physiotherapeut*innen an der
Online-Befragung teilgenommen und die Angaben von 124
Umfrageteilnehmer*innen konnten in die Analysen eingeschlossen werden.
62,4% (n=58) davon sind in der Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit
NME tätig. Am häufigsten wird die physiotherapeutische
Verordnung „Krankengymnastik zur Behandlung von zentralen
Bewegungsstörungen“ (KG-ZNS) (82,9%; n=34)
ausgestellt. Hausbesuche und Hilfsmittelversorgung wurden als effektivste
Maßnahmen eingestuft. 69,1% (n=56) der
Umfrageteilnehmer*innen wünschen sich weitere Informationen zum
Thema NME, vor allem in Form von E-Learnings (24,0%; n=37) und
Fachartikeln (21,4%; n=33). Neben dem festgestellten
Informationsbedarf konnte der Wunsch nach vertieftem interprofessionellen
Austausch und vermehrten zeitlichen Ressourcen in der physiotherapeutischen
Behandlung identifiziert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die große Bandbreite an angewandten
physiotherapeutischen Maßnahmen verfolgt unter anderem das Ziel des
Erhalts der Selbstständigkeit der Patient*innen und wird in
ihrem Nutzen in der Versorgung von erwachsenen Patient*innen mit NME
überwiegend als sehr groß eingeschätzt. Es gilt, dem
identifizierten Informationswunsch und –bedarf der
Physiotherapeut*innen zum Thema NME in der bevorzugten Form mittels
niedrigschwelliger Angebote entgegenzukommen. Der interprofessionelle Austausch
sollte intensiviert und zeitbezogene Aspekte in der Verordnungsausstellung sowie
in Hinblick auf eine zukünftig mögliche Blankoverordnungs-Option
berücksichtigt werden, um positive Auswirkungen auf die
physiotherapeutische Versorgung von erwachsenen Patient*innen mit NME
erzielen zu können.