bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 and Prognosis in breast cancer metastases to the brain
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Zhou Jinmei , Zhang Huiqiang , Wu Xuexue , Wang Xiaobo , Zhang Shaohua , Tai YanHong , Jiang Zefei , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to analyze the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and Ki-67 proliferation index in the brain metastatic lesions and primary lesions in Chinese patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) and determine the correlation between their changes and patients’ survival.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with BCBM admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and who underwent craniotomy from January 1998 to December 2021. The clinical characteristic of these patients, the expression levels of ER, PR, HER-2, and Ki-67 in the primary lesions and brain lesions, and the survival were collected. The differences in the expression levels of the ER, PR, and HER-2 between the primary lesions and brain lesions were evaluated, and the association between the differences and survival was analyzed.
Results
The results of our study showed that the positive rates of ER, PR, and HER-2 in the primary lesions were 35.0% (14/40), 30.0% (12/40), and 60.0% (24/40), respectively, and the positive rates of ER, PR, and HER-2 in the brain metastatic lesions were 35.0% (14/40), 12.5% (5/40), and 55.0% (22/40), respectively. The conversion rate of anyone receptor (ER, PR, or HER2) between the primary lesions and brain metastatic lesions was 45.0% (18/40), of which the ER inconsistency rate was 25.0%, the PR inconsistency rate was 22.5%, and the HER-2 inconsistency rate was 15.0%, and the receptor conversion resulted in a subtype conversion of 27.5% (11/40). The patients with HER-2 expression discordance between the primary lesions and the brain metastatic lesions had significantly longer survival times (58.9 months vs. 26.4 months, P = 0.04) after diagnosis of brain metastases.
Conclusion
In this study, 45.0% of breast cancer patients developed biomarker-conversion between the primary lesions and brain metastatic lesions, and the differences in the expression levels of the ER, PR, and HER-2, the change in Ki-67 index between the primary lesions and brain lesions had predictive effects on patients’ survival.
Association between the uric acid to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and alanine transaminase in Chinese short stature children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Guangxin , Zhao Qianqian , Zhang Xinran , Ban Bo , Zhang Mei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in children and adolescents with short stature.
Methods
In this cross-sectional analysis, the clinical data of 1510 children with height below − 2 SD who were evaluated at the Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from March 1, 2013, to December 31, 2021, were selected. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were measured.The relationship between UHR and ALT was analysed.
Results
The univariate analysis results showed that UHR was positively associated with ALT (β 0.43, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, after adjusting for possible confounding factors,a nonlinear relationship was detected between UHR and ALT through smooth curve fitting, and the inflection point of UHR was 10.93% after multivariate piecewise linear regression analysis. ALT increased with UHR elevation when the UHR was greater than 10.93% (β 0.69, 95% CI 0.39, 0.98; P < 0.0001). However, we did not observe a significant relationship when the UHR was less than 10.93% (P = 0.9229).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature, UHR may be associated with the regulation of ALT levels, and this relationship merits further investigation.
The prevalence of adult tinea capitis: a 10-year retrospective study in Hangzhou, eastern China, between 2012 and 2021
Authors: Zhi Huilin , Xia Xiu-Jiao , Shen Hong , Zhong Yan , Sang Bo , Lv Wen-wen , Li Qiu-Ping , Chen Xiao-Yu , Hu Shu-Chang , Song Xiu-Zu , Liu Ze-Hu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Tinea capitis (TC) is a disease caused by dermatophytes on the scalp and hair. This disease mainly infects pre-school children, although there has been a gradual increase in the number of adults infected with TC over recent years. Here, we retrospectively analyzed epidemiological data relating to adult TC (ATC) in Hangzhou, eastern China, over the last decade.Materials and Methods: We analyzed all adult patients who were referred to the Mycology Laboratory of Hangzhou Third People's Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine) between 2012 and 2021 and suspected of having TC. Mycological tests were used to confirm the diagnosis. We acquired arrange of epidemiological data for analysis, including age, gender, and the distribution of dermatophytes. We also collated data relating to risk factors, such as tinea with other sites, underlying diseases, and a history of animal contact. Results: A total of 165 patients were diagnosed with ATC, including 77 males (46.7%) and 88 females (53.3%). The gender ratio was 0.875 and the mean age was 49±23.1 years (range: 18-96 years). The most dominant dermatophytes were Trichophyton violaceum (25.6%) and Trichophyton rubrum (25.6%), followed by Microsporum canis (24.4%). Anthropophilic dermatophytes accounted for 63.3% of all cases. Interestingly, 63 patients (38.2%) with a confirmed diagnosis of ATC also presented tinea with other sites.Conclusion: This study indicated that ATC infection is more commonly found in women, especially in those aged >45 years. Anthropophilic dermatophytes, T. violaceum and T. rubrum, were found to be the most dominant dermatophytes, followed by M. canis. Dermatologists should consider that tinea with other sites may represent a risk factor for ATC.
Sex difference in general cognition associated with coupling of whole-brain functional connectivity strength to cerebral blood flow changes during Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Ziang , Gao Ziwen , Zhu Wanqiu , Li Yuqing , Zhou Shanshan , Li Xiaoshu , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder that results in irreversible cognitive impairments. Nonetheless, there are numerous sex-dependent differences in clinical course that may provide clues to disease pathogenesis and more effective individualized treatments. We examined potential contributions of neurovascular coupling deficits to sex differences in AD progression. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were acquired from 50 AD patients (28 females), 52 amnesic mild cognitive impairment patients (31 females), and 59 healthy controls (36 females). Short- and long-range functional connectivity strength (FCS) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were calculated for all participants. Then, the CBF/FCS coupling ratio was calculated for each voxel. Two-way ANOVA was performed to identify group × sex interactions and main effects of group. Correlation analysis was used to assess associations between CBF/FCS ratios and general cognitive status as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).There were significant group × sex interaction effects on short-range coupling ratios of right middle temporal gyrus, left angular gyrus, left infraorbital frontal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus as well as on the long-range coupling ratios of right middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, left posterior cingulate, and left angular gyrus. There were significant negative correlations between MMSE scores and CBF/FCS ratios for all regions with significant interactions among all female patients, while positive correlations were found between MMSE and CBF/FCS ratios for some regions among all male patients. Our results demonstrate significant sex differences in neurovascular coupling mechanisms associated with cognitive function during the course of AD.
Assessment of drought events in Southwest China in 2009/2010 using sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: Jia Liping , He Yi , Li Yanlin , Zhang Yaru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the increasing trend of global warming, drought events frequently occur, which have an impact on human life and the environment. In this study, an extreme drought event in southwest China in 2009/2010 was used as an example to explore the potential of using satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) for drought monitoring. The results indicated that the SIF observations show proper responses to drought than EVI, which underestimated the losses by approximately 50%. The SIF reduction in this drought event (19% in March 2010 and 11% in May 2010) was more obvious than that of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) (4% and 5%). The drought severity index (DSI) overestimates the drought during most the dry months. SIF can be a reliable tool for monitoring drought in a timely and accurate manner. In addition, the significant correlation coefficient with SIF and ET (reaching 0.8 at the beginning and end of the drought stage), indicating the ability of SIF to reveal the interaction of carbon and water during drought, which provides us with ideas for future research on the terrestrial carbon-water cycle.
The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Puberty: A cross-sectional, Multicenter Study from Turkey
Authors: Mutlu Gul Yesiltepe , Eviz Elif , Haliloglu Belma , Kirmizibekmez Heves , Dursun Fatma , Ozalkak Servan , Cayir Atilla , Sacli Beste Yuksel , Ozbek Mehmet Nuri , Demirbilek Huseyin , Hatun Sukru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds: During the Coronavirus-19 disease (Covid-19) pandemic it was observed that the number of girls presenting with early puberty had increased. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective evaluation of the characteristics of girls who had been referred for evaluation of precocious puberty in five different pediatric endocrinology units, before and during the pandemic.Methods: The study participants comprised 359 girls who were assigned into 2 groups -a pre-pandemic group (n:214) and a pandemic group (n:145). Those participants (n:99) who had medical records in the follow-up period were classified into 3 subgroups according to the time of presentation and follow-up visits (group-1: first admission and follow-up visit before the pandemic, group-2: first admission before the pandemic, the follow-up visit during the pandemic, group-3: first admission and follow-up visit during the pandemic).Results: The age at presentation and age at pubertal onset were both significantly lower in the pandemic group than those in the pre-pandemic group(8.1 vs 8.6, p:<0.001,7.7 vs 7.9,p:0.013, respectively). There was no significant difference between the body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) values of the groups (0.57 vs 0.51, p:0.430). The initiation rate of pubertal suppression therapy at the time of presentation was significantly higher in the pandemic group compared to that of the pre-pandemic group (7.7%vs 27.5%), and in groups-2 & 3 compared to group-1, during follow-up (20%&44%vs 8%). Conclusion: Our research showed that the onset of puberty occurred earlier in the pandemic period compared to the previous year, and the need for pubertal suppression therapy increased during the pandemic.
Unique deep-sea bacterial assemblages thriving on different organic matters delivered via in-situ incubators
Authors: Li Jianyang , Dong Chunming , Lai Qiliang , Huang Zhaobin , Zhou Donghui , Gong Linfeng , Wang Guangyi , Shao Zongze 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The transport of organic matters to the deep sea constantly occurs in global oceans and in accompany with simultaneous microbial remineralization. However, little is known about the impact of fast sinking organic complex on oceanic deep ecosystem and its interactions with microbes throughout the process of sinking and settling on the sea bottom. In this report, to observe the response of indigenous microorganisms to the newly input of organic matters, we developed a series of deep-sea in-situ incubators loaded on the seabed and seamount with various organic substrates of plant and animal origins.
Results
The bacterial diversity at the OTU level varied in accordance to organic substrates and geographic locations, but the functional groups are generally similar. The bacteria of Marinifilaceae were revealed as the key member; in addition, other key decomposers including Spirochaetaceae, Psychromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Moritellaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae were also recruited in most assemblages with varied abundance accordingly. Interestingly, nitrogen fixation inside the assemblages occurred in the process of polysaccharide decomposing. The microbial co-occurrence analysis revealed that nutrient availability and energy transfer determine relationships cooperation or competition. Within the assemblages stimulated by substrates short of nitrogen sources, the microbial network was dominated by cooperative relationships, whereas competition relationships overwhelmed the communities thriving on proteinous substrates.
Conclusions
These in-situ observations revealed a unique bacterial assemblage in decomposing diverse newly input organic matters, which may constitute the microbial pumps involved in carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen cycles in oceanic interior.
Inflammatory cytokines and mechanical injury induce post-traumatic osteoarthritis-like changes in a human cartilage-bone-synovium microphysiological system
Authors: Dwivedi Garima , Flaman Lisa , Alaybeyoglu Begum , Struglics Andre , Frank Eliot H , Chubinskya Susan , Trippel Stephen B , Rosen Vicki , Cirit Murat , Grodzinsky Alan J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Traumatic knee injuries in humans trigger an immediate increase in synovial fluid levels of inflammatory cytokines that accompany impact damage to joint tissues. We developed a human in vitro cartilage-bone-synovium (CBS) coculture model to study the role of mechanical injury and inflammation in the initiation of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)-like disease.
Methods
Osteochondral plugs (cartilage-bone, CB) along with joint capsule synovium explants (S) were harvested from 25 cadaveric distal femurs from 16 human donors (Collin’s grade 0–2, 23-83yrs). Two-week monocultures (cartilage-C, bone-B, synovium-S) and cocultures (CB, CBS) were established. A PTOA-like disease group was initiated via coculture of synovium explants with mechanically impacted osteochondral plugs (CBS + INJ, peak stress 5MPa) with non-impacted CB as controls. Disease-like progression was assessed through analyses of changes in cell viability, inflammatory cytokines released to media (10-plex ELISA), tissue matrix degradation and metabolomics profile.
Results
Immediate increases in concentrations of a panel of inflammatory cytokines occurred in CBS + INJ and CBS cocultures. CBS + INJ and CBS also showed increased chondrocyte death compared to uninjured CB. Release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and associated ARGS-Aggrecan neo-epitope fragments to the medium were significantly increased in CBS and CBS + INJ groups. Distinct metabolomics profiles were observed for C, B and S monocultures, and metabolites related to inflammatory response in CBS versus CB were identified.
Conclusion
CBS and CBS + INJ models showed distinct cellular, inflammatory, and matrix-related alterations relevant to PTOA-like initiation/progression. Use of human knee tissues from donors that had no prior history of OA disease suggests the relevance of this model in highlighting the role of injury and inflammation in earliest stages of PTOA progression.
Reach Out and Read Literacy Program for Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - a Pre-post Experimental Study
Authors: KALE SHRIYA , DESHPANDE VINUTA 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Prevalence of NICU admission is 44% in India. NICU stay is a precursor of various complications faced later in life. Language developmental delay is one of the complications of NICU stay with a prevalence ranging from 2.3% to 19% in Indian population. Elevated prevalence of linguistic delay in youngsters emphasizes the necessity to focus on language development in initial years to minimize the possibility of ill-effects and thus give optimal the chance for improvement. Aim: To evaluate effectiveness of Reach Out and Read intervention on language development for infants in NICU.Method: Single group pre-post assessment was carried out with 18 infants recruited from NICU. Reach Out and Read program was taught to parents of the recruited participants. Parents were given one book every follow up till the infant was 5months of age. At recruitment and CA 3 months GMA was recorded. At CA 5 months BSID III language subtest was noted.Results: GMA at recruitment and 5th month comparison shows significant improvement p=0.0277, GMA at 3rd month compared to 5th month shows significant improvement p=0.0431.Conclusion: Reach Out and Read literacy program improves GMs of infants from birth to CA 5 months of age. It looks to be a viable and promising new language intervention. A RCT needed to evaluate and generalize if ROR can help these infant’s language development.
The prevalence of menstrual disorders among adolescent girls living in North Borneo, Malaysia: A questionnaire-based study
Authors: Azhary Jerilee Mariam Khong , Lai Kim Leng , Razali Nuguelis , Sulaiman Sofiah , Wahab Ana Vetriana Abd , Adlan Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad , Hassan Jamiyah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine menstrual characteristics and related morbidities among adolescent girls living in Sabah, North Borneo, the poorest state in Malaysia.
Methods
Data was obtained from a quantitative survey conducted in three government high schools located in Ranau, Sabah. The participants were adolescent girls who had attained menarche between the ages of 14 and 19 years.
Results
Based on the analysis of questionnaires completed by 757 adolescent girls, the mean age at the time of the survey was 17 ± 1.4, and the mean menarche age was 12.2 ± 1.1. Our data demonstrated that 85.7% of the participants experienced dysmenorrhea, of which at least 42% (mean pain score ± SD: 4.81 ± 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7, 4.9) experienced moderate dysmenorrhea and 11.3% (mean pain score ± SD: 7.86 ± 0.97, 95% CI: 7.6, 8.1) experienced severe dysmenorrhea. More than 70% of these girls complained of tiredness, headaches, and changes in appetite during menses.
Conclusions
The prevalence of menstrual disorders and related morbidities was high among girls residing in Sabah. Reproductive health issues in rural and socioeconomically deprived areas remain poorly addressed. The main consequences of neglecting menstrual disorders and their related morbidities are impaired future sexual reproductive health as adults. Hence, addressing adolescent reproductive health issues is crucial, especially for girls living in areas where healthcare accessibility is difficult. The information gathered from this study is can be used to strategize an effective intervention to improve adolescents' reproductive health status in rural areas.
Monitoring the Quality Compliance of Drinking Water Treatment Process using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mwitirehe Janvier , Cheruiyot W. Kipruto , Ruranga Charles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article aimed at measuring the extent to which chemical inputs used in the water treatment process complied with acceptable limits set by competent authorities. The computed drinking water quality index (DWQI) was visualized in a dashboard created in Microsoft Power Business Intelligence. The adopted operational approach helped compare daily compliance versus non-compliance. Then, a logistic regression predictive model was used to determine whether there were any significant separations between water treatment plants (WTPs) as per quality compliance results. The analysis was done on 13,158 daily water transactions recorded by 18 WTPs managed by the Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC) of Rwanda. As per DWQI values, all the WTP’s water productions generally complied with the quality requirements despite few exceptions. The predictive model accuracy was confirmed at 93.4% with all variables being statistically influential. In terms of predicted probabilities, WTPs fell in two clusters: WTPs located in the Northern, Kigali and Western provinces and those in the Eastern and Southern provinces. The first cluster had the probability of more than 95% to produce excellent water while the other had the probability of less than 95%. On average, the water treated in the provinces of the first cluster has more than 95% chance to be excellent. On the other hand, WTPs in Eastern and Southern Provinces have more than 90% but less than 95% chance to produce A-ranked water. Finally, the performance monitoring of water products was recommended to complement the current operational approach to confirm its suitability for human consumption.
Pollen Morphology of Melanoseris Decne. (Cichorieae-asteraceae) From Pakistan and Western Himalayas and Its Taxonomic Significance
Authors: ABID ROOHI BANO , Qaiser Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pollen morphological studies of 10 species and 3 varieties of Melanoseris Decne. (Cichorieae-Asteraceae) were conducted from Pakistan and Kashmir. Pollen were studied by using Light microscope, Fluorescent microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. Pollen of 7 taxa were examined for the first time including 4 endemic species to the study area. Pollen grains are usually isopolar, spheroidal to oblate-spheroidal, elliptic to rarely circular in equatorial view, hexagonal in polar view, trizonocolporate and echinolophate with 15 lacunae. Significant variation has been found mainly in the size of pollen, number of echinae and sculpturing of the polar area. All the examined taxa were grouped into two distinct pollen-types viz., Melanoseris alii – type and Melanoseris stewartii – type. Keys to the pollen types and species of each pollen type are provided. Agglomerative cluster analysis based on the 14 pollen morphological characters, showed that diameter of polar and equatorial axis, pollen size and polar axis were the most valuable variables in explaining total variation and separating the studied taxa. The aim of this study is to analyze the pollen morphological diversity in Melanoseris species with the purpose of evaluating additional micromorphological characters for taxonomical delimitation of the studied species and also to find a correlation between the recent phylogenetic studies and the present palynological results.