bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver microbiota in healthy rats: the hidden inhabitants of hepatocytes
Authors: Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Hua , Zhou Cai Yun , Gao Wen Min , Kou Xuan Xuan , Zhang Jian Gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The tumor and tissue microbiomes of human beings have recently been investigated. Gut permeability was known as a possible resource for the positive detection of tissue bacteria. Herein, we report that bacteria were detected in high abundance in the hepatocyte nucleus of healthy rats, and that they were shared with gut microbiota to an extent. We assessed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. After rats were sacrificed by blood drainage from the portal vein, we extracted total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their ileal and colonic contents and liver tissues. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequences were assigned taxonomically by the SILVA database. We also detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in situ using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting, and the 16S rRNA gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In the livers of six rats, we detected 54,867.50 ± 6450.03 effective tags of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered them into 1003 kinds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 805.67 ± 70.14, 729–893). Individuals showed conservation of bacterial richness, abundance, and evenness. LPS and the 16S rRNA gene were detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The main function of the annotated bacteria was correlated with metabolism (79.92 ± 0.24%). Gram negativity was about 1.6 times higher than gram positivity, but aerobic and anaerobic phenotypes were nearly the same. Liver flora also showed high expression of mobile elements, biofilm formation, and stress tolerance, as well as potentially pathogenic phenotypes. Chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were the main heterotrophic functions. Liver bacteria were shared with both the small and large intestines but showed significantly higher richness, evenness, and β-diversity than the small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Liver flora were hidden intracellular inhabitants in healthy rat livers and were shared with gut microbiota.
Dynamic and wear characteristics of self-lubricating bearing cage: effects of cage pocket shape
Authors: Gao Shuai , Han Qinkai , Zhou Ningning , Zhang Feibin , Yang Zhaohui , Chatterton Steven , Pennacchi Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The frequent impulse collisions and wear between the ball and cage pocket not only affect the bearing stability but also significantly impact the deterioration of the bearing service life. A comprehensive dynamic model for analyzing the stability, skidding degree, ball-cage collision, wear distribution, and wear rate of four types of cage pocket is proposed. A series of tests of cage whirling conducted on self-lubricating bearing test bench using high-speed photographic technology have proven the accuracy of the model. It is found that the cage with a combination of circle and rectangle pockets has the highest stability. The circle pocket has a larger collision area and higher wear rate than rectangle and diamond pockets. The combined rectangle-diamond pocket has a better wear resistance.
Clinical Factors Affecting Depression in Patients with Painful Temporomandibular Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Auh Q-Schick 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a multifactorial condition associated with both physical and psychological factors. Stress has been known to trigger or worsens TMD. We aimed to investigate whether the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic aggravates depression in patients with painful TMD, and the factors that affect their level of depression.Method: We included 112 patients with painful TMD (74 females, 38 males; mean age: 35.90±17.60 years; myalgia [n=38], arthralgia [n=43], mixed joint–muscle TMD pain [n=31]). TMD was diagnosed based on the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD Axis I. Physical pain intensity was recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS); psycho-emotional status (depression: Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], anxiety: Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI], and generalized stress related to COVID19: Global Assessment of Recent Stress [GARS]) was investigated twice (before [BC] and after COVID-19 [AC]). Additionally, factors affecting BDI-AC were investigated.Results: BDI (p<0.001), BAI (p<0.001), GARS (p<0.001), and VAS (p<0.01) scores were significantly increased at AC than BC. The depression, anxiety, and stress levels were significantly positively correlated, and the AC and BC values of each factor showed a high correlation. In the mixed TMD group, BDI-AC was positively correlated with VAS-AC (p<0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, clenching habit was the strongest predictor of an increase in the BDI scores from moderate to severe, followed by psychological distress, muscle stiffness, female sex, BAI-AC, and TMJ sounds. Conclusion: COVID-19 has negatively affected the psycho-emotional state of patients with painful TMD, and several clinical factors, including female sex and clenching habits, have influenced depression.
Qualitative research on factors affecting nurse-patient relationship under the background of COVID-19
Authors: CAI Zhitong , JIANG Dengya , TANG Yunyun , JIN Xia , YU Qiuhua , ZHANG Ziyi , PENG Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Nursing-patient conflict is a worldwide medical dispute problem. Over the years, nursing-patient conflict has not been effectively alleviated. However, the contradiction between medical staffs and COVID-19 patients of China has almost completely disappeared.
Objectives
To explore factors alleviating contradiction between nurses and COVID-19 patients, which might provide an efficient way to improve medical staffs and patients relationship.
Methods
Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 10 nurses who personally cared for patients in COVID-19 from the Chongqing medical rescue team to Hubei province. The whole interview was videotaped and transcribed to word, which return to the interviewee within 24 hours to confirm. Data were analyzed using NVivo11 coding by more than two researchers.
Results
Economy, expectation, emotion, communication, and media are the main factors that alleviating contradiction between nurses and COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion
Under the influence of certain factors, there is a high probability that the conflict between nurses and patients can be alleviated under daily circumstances. Free medical care, emphasis on online communication, uniform and publicly publicized disease guideline pairs, positive health care provider coverage, and increased nurse-patient trust may be important factors in improving the nurse-patient relationship in COVID-19.Further population-based intervention studies in the five areas are recommended.
A multi-model framework to assess the role of R&amp;D towards a decarbonized energy system
Authors: Nogueira Larissa P. Pupo , Longa Francesco Dalla , Reis Lara Aleluia , Drouet Laurent , Vrontisi Zoi , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Panos Evangelos , Zwaan Bob van der 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Research and development (R&D) investments foster green innovation, which is key to decarbonize the energy system and attain long-term climate goals. In this paper, we link three integrated assessment models that possess a macroeconomic framework – WITCH, MERGE-ETL and GEM-E3 – with the bottom-up technology-rich energy system model TIAM-ECN, in order to quantitatively explore how investments in R&D can support deep decarbonization pathways. We take advantage of the endogenous technological learning feature of the first three models to derive R&D-induced capital cost reductions for strategic clusters of low-carbon technologies: solar energy, on- and offshore wind energy, carbon capture and storage, advanced fuels, and batteries for electric vehicles. We examine scenarios with different assumptions on CO2 mitigation and R&D policy. These assumptions are harmonized among our four models, and capital cost reductions driven by R&D are exogenously incorporated in TIAM-ECN, which enables a detailed assessment of the required energy transition. Our results show that the stringency of climate change mitigation policy remains the key factor influencing the diffusion of low-carbon technologies, while R&D can support mitigation goals and influence the contribution of different types of technologies. If implemented effectively and without worldwide barriers to knowledge spill-overs, R&D facilitates the deployment of mature technologies such as solar, wind, and electric vehicles, and enables lower overall energy system costs.
Association between the efficacy and immune-related adverse events of pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Kurokawa Kana , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Shimada Naoko , Kawakami Yuta , Miura Keita , Miyawaki Taichi , Asao Tetsuhiko , Ko Ryo , Shukuya Takehito , Shibayama Rina , Nojiri Shuko , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy has become the standard of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the association between therapeutic efficacy and the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains unclear in patients treated with combination therapy. We aimed to investigate the frequency of irAEs, and the association between therapeutic efficacy and the development of irAEs in patients with NSCLC. Materials and methodsWe retrospectively surveyed patients with chemo-naïve advanced NSCLC who received pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab monotherapy at Juntendo University Hospital, Japan, between February 2017 and May 2021.ResultsAmong 148 patients (median [range] age, 68 (33–85) years; 107 men [72.3%] and 41 women [27.7%]), 74 each received pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and pembrolizumab monotherapy. IrAEs were observed in 46 (62.2%) and 41 patients (55.4%) in the combination therapy and monotherapy group, respectively. Patients with irAEs showed significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those without irAEs in the combination therapy group (8.9 vs. 5.7 months; Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29–0.98; P = 0.041) and monotherapy group (11.7 vs. 5.0 months; HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; P = 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, development of irAEs was positively associated with PFS in both the groups (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26–0.89; P = 0.019 and HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21–0.68; P < 0.01). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted analysis, development of irAEs was significantly associated with combination therapy (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34–0.91; P = 0.019).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the incidence of irAEs was associated with favorable efficacy in patients treated with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as well as pembrolizumab monotherapy. Also, the addition of chemotherapy to pembrolizumab significantly increased the incidence of irAEs.
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation Improves Breast Conserving Surgery Rate but Not Local Disease Control in Breast Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Patients: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis with 742 Cases
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Xu , Zhu Xiaoping , Shen Kunwei , Zhu Juanying , Chen Xiaosong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The role of preoperative evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) management remains controversial. The study aims to evaluate the associations between preoperative MRI examination and breast conserving surgery in DCIS patients. Methods: Patients with DCIS received surgery between Jan. 2009 and Jan.2021 in two breast centers were retrospectively included. Associations between preoperative MRI examination and clinicopathological characteristics, breast conserving surgery, and prognosis were evaluated after propensity score matching (PSM).Results: A total of 1351 patients were included. After PSM for age, family history of breast cancer, manifestation at diagnosis, lesion patterns, and nuclear grade, 742 patients were further analyzed. Patients with preoperative MRI examination were more likely to receive breast conserving surgery (BCS) than patients without MRI (28.6% vs. 19.1%; P=0.003). For 227 patients planning to receive BCS, initial negative surgical margin was similar between MRI and non-MRI cohorts (73.6% vs. 71.9%; P=0.485). In addition, there was no difference in the percentage of patients who received a secondary mastectomy between MRI and non-MRI cohorts (22.0% vs. 23.7%; P=0.433). In terms of prognosis, similar locoregional recurrence and breast cancer-related death were observed between MRI and non-MRI cohorts.Conclusion: Preoperative breast MRI examination was associated with a higher BCS rate in DCIS patients, but had no impact on disease outcome.
Standardization and Modelling of Storage Conditions for Hydro-Cooling of Mango (Mangifera Indica) Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Renu R. , Waghray Kavita , Reddy P Dinesh Sankar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Perishable fruits such as Mango (Mangifera indica) should be cooled after harvest to increase their shelf life. The parameters which affect the cooling rate were identified as Cooling Medium temperature (8 ̊C,15 ̊C and 20 ̊C), Fruit Size (0.105m, 0.127m and 0.173 m) and Medium Flow Rate (8.33 ml/s, 16.66 ml/s and 25.0 ml/s) which effected shelf life of the produce. Optimum storage conditions for maximizing the shelf life were Cooling Medium temperature (8 ̊C), Fruit Size (0.105 m) and Cooling Medium Flow Rate (0.83 ml/s). Mango was stored for 32 days. Percentage Loss in Weight for control sample was 15% whereas for the cooled sample 2–11%. Total Soluble Solids increased about 8% for control but whereas for cooled Mango it was not more than 2–5%. Cooling time for different sized fruits was 25 min, 35min and 55 min respectively.
Algorithm Aversion and the Aversion to Counter-Normative Decision Procedures
Authors: Bogard Jonathan , Shu Suzanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
According to Norm Theory, decisions that turn out badly result in greater levels of regret if they stemmed from a non-normative decision. Algorithm Aversion (AA) holds that people penalize errors made by algorithms more than errors made by humans. Often, though, studies of AA have explored contexts in which utilizing algorithmic decision-making is unconventional, confounding these two psychological forces. Across five studies, we show that much of what appears as AA can instead be explained by an aversion to counter-normative decision procedures. We find that algorithms are excessively penalized to the extent that using an algorithm to make a forecast is uncommon for that particular domain. In fact, when algorithms are the common decision procedure, we reverse AA and observe a preference for algorithms. Using these insights, we can decompose apparent AA into a combination of an aversion to unconventional decision procedures and a residual aversion to algorithms themselves. Overwhelmingly, the larger effect seems to be an aversion to uncommon decision procedures. This investigation offers insight into the mechanism driving AA, explains why people are sometimes averse to algorithms and other times favor them, and suggests a strategy for increasing the utilization of algorithms to improve wellbeing.
Mechanism of the promotion of GEFS+ by the STAT3-mediated expression of interleukin-6
Authors: Jiang Xiaofeng , Wang Yun , Ling Yinjie , Yuan Chen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is generally considered as an ion channelopathy. At present, there are few studies on inflammation associated with various types of epilepsy, and it remains unclear whether the inflammatory mechanism plays a key role in epilepsy. In order to explore the role of immune factor expression regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of GEFS+, the present study detected the expression level of relevant immune factors such as IL-6 in peripheral blood of GEFS + mice. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the effect of STAT3 expression and activation differences on GEFS + attack, and to clarify the relationship between various cytokines and GEFS + outbreak. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for immunosuppressive therapy of GEFS + and a new way for its clinical treatment.
Protective effects of Nigella sativa Against Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity Induced by Smokeless Tobacco in an Allergic Asthma Model in Wistar Rats
Authors: Khaldi Taha , Chekchaki Narimene , Rouibah Zineb , Chouala Khadidja , Cheniti Houyem , Boumendjel Mahieddine , Taibi Faiza , Messarah Mahfoud , Boumendjel Amel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Studies carried out on the exposure to toxic metals from smokeless tobacco (ST) products and their health effects are limited compared to particulate metal inhalation toxicology. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by smokeless tobacco (ST), in the context of asthmatic pathology. Furthermore, we explored the preventive and ameliorating effects of oral administration of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) at a dose of 4 mL/kg/day in rats.Results Our results showed that ST clearly intensifies the oxidative stress state induced by Ova-challenge in rat. This has been shown by augmenting lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and by altering the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant status. Besides, ST impairs the liver enzymes ASAT, ALAT, ALP, total proteins and albumin. Moreover, aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress was demonstrated by the histopathological responses observed especially in the liver. Conclusion Our data indicate that acute concurrent exposure to allergen and ST enhances cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. In contrast, NSO administration has shown the recovery of the biochemical parameters in the liver and kidney, restoration of the antioxidant status, reduction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Finally, NSO treatment improved the histopathological alterations in liver and kidney.
Disentangling arthropod and plant resources consumed by Orius spp. in peach and alfalfa crops by metagenomic analysis
Authors: Batuecas Iván , Alomar Oscar , Castañé Cristina , Piñol Josep , Gallardo-Montoya Lorena , Agusti Nuria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Agricultural intensification is affecting the biological control of insect pests, an important component for sustainable crop production. To understand the changing patterns of insect abundance within an agroecosystem, it is necessary to disentangle the trophic interactions between species, and metabarcoding is an excellent alternative to show them. In the Ebro Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula), agricultural landscapes are composed by a mosaic of crops scattered with natural and semi-natural habitats, where the presence of Orius spp., used as biocontrol agents, is well known. In order to shed light about their predatory role in this area, a previously developed metabarcoding multi-primer method has been used to study the arthropod and plant most common resources consumed by some field collected Orius laevigatus, Orius majusculus and Orius niger, sampled at different dates in a peach and an alfalfa adjacent crops. Their high-throughput sequencing analysis showed the consumption of 15 arthropod and 12 plant taxa. Eight of them were consumed by O. laevigatus, six by O. majusculus and 23 by O. niger. Among the detected arthropods, other natural enemies were present, showing a certain degree of intraguild predation, as well as some vectors that cause zoonotic and plant diseases. Intraguild predation among Orius species has been demonstrated by developing a new added strategy in the bioinformatic analysis. Detected plant consumption indicates that Orius forages on some non-crop plant species, indicating the potential role of these plants in attracting or maintaining these predators in both crops in biological control strategies.
Mycorrhizal Communities and Their Effect on Tree Growth at a Post-Mining Site
Authors: Pawuluwage Supun Madhumadhawa , Marchand Philippe , Manzi Sophie , Roy Mélanie , Fenton Nicole J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Primary succession of vegetation in post-mining areas offers an opportunity to study how plant species and individuals interact in space and notably how biotic interactions such as mycorrhizal symbiosis contribute to the revegetalization of degraded environments. Our study aimed to characterize the taxonomical and spatial structure of mycorrhizal communities and determine how mycorrhizae affect seedling growth at a post-mining site.
Methods
Mycorrhizal fungal communities were identified from fine roots of tree seedlings in a mine tailings site in Quebec, Canada. We used next-generation DNA sequencing to determine mycorrhizal richness and abundance, and analyzed patterns of species sharing based on host plant species or distance. The influence of neighbourhood competition, mycorrhizal communities and soil nutrients on seedling growth were characterized.
Results
Fungal DNA was amplified from 40% of plant samples, and 474 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Ectomycorrhizae were shared among all host species with no significant host specificity but were segregated at the scale of individual plants. The site was characterized by extremely low soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and high arsenic levels. Growth of most host plants was not affected by neighbourhood competition, soil nitrogen, shoot biomass, mycorrhizal richness, mycorrhizal abundance, or sharing of mycorrhizae.
Conclusion
We found that plant-plant interactions, mycorrhizal networks and soil nutrients were not important factors determining plant growth at this site due to strong nutrient limitations and high As contamination. Considering the low specificity and low access to mycorrhizae in degraded environments, revegetalization projects could introduce mycorrhizae to boost seedling growth.
Proton-driven alternating access in a spinster transporter, an emerging family of broad-specificity efflux pumps
Authors: Dastvan Reza , Rasouli Ali , Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh Sepehr , Gies Samantha , Tajkhorshid Emad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spinster (Spns) lipid transporters are critical for transporting sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) across cellular membranes. In humans, Spns2 functions as the main S1P transporter in endothelial cells, making it a potential drug target for modulating S1P signaling. We employed an integrated approach in lipid membranes to identify unknown conformational states of a bacterial Spns from Hyphomonas neptunium (HnSpns) and to define its proton- and substrate-coupled conformational dynamics. Our systematic study reveals conserved residues critical for protonation steps and their regulation, and how sequential protonation of these proton switches coordinates the conformational transitions in the context of a noncanonical ligand-dependent alternating access. A conserved periplasmic salt bridge (Asp60TM2:Arg289TM7) keeps the transporter in a closed conformation, while proton-dependent conformational dynamics are significantly enhanced on the periplasmic side, providing a pathway for ligand exchange. Furthermore, our resistance assays reveal substrate polyspecificity and HnSpns multidrug resistance (MDR) activity that underscore the previously unknown role of Spns proteins in MDR, beyond their activity in sphingolipid transport and signaling.