bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher magnesium levels are associated with better glycaemic control and diabetes remission post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Silva Maria Manuel , Neves João Sérgio , Borges-Canha Marta , Mendes António Pedro , Fonseca Maria João , Mendonça Fernando , Ferreira Maria João , Salazar Daniela , Pedro Jorge , Guerreiro Vanessa , Lau Eva , Varela Ana , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Low Magnesium (Mg) dietary intake has been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, in patients with T2DM, hypomagnesemia is associated with worst glycaemic control. Bariatric surgery (BS) remains the most effective treatment in severe obesity and also provides resolution/improvement of T2DM. Our aim is to evaluate the association between Mg supplementation post-BS and Mg serum levels with diabetes status after BS.
Methods
We performed an observational study on patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent BS. Data was assessed preoperatively and one-year after surgery.
Results
We included a total of 403 patients with T2DM. At baseline, 43.4% of the patients had Mg deficiency. Pre-operatively, patients with Mg deficiency had poorer glycaemic control – HbA1c 7.2 ± 1.6% vs 6.4 ± 1.0% (p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose 146.2 ± 58.8mg/dL vs 117.5 ± 36.6 mg/dL (p < 0.01) and were under a greater number of anti-diabetic drugs 1.20 ± 0.99 vs 0.82 ± 0.82 (p = 0.001). These findings persisted post-operatively. Post-operatively, patients that were under Mg supplementation had similar serum Mg values but better HbA1c – HbA1c 5.5 ± 0.5% vs 5.7 ± 0.9 (p = 0.007). At the first year post-surgery, 58.4% of the patients had total remission of T2DM and 4.1% had partial remission. Patients without Mg deficiency at 1-year post-surgery had higher rates of total and partial remission. Higher serum Mg levels at baseline is an independent predictor of T2DM remission (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Higher serum Mg levels in patients with T2DM submitted to BS are associated with better glycaemic control and higher rates of T2DM remission at the first year post-surgery.
God, cancer, and the good life: An investigation into the effectiveness of a spiritual/religious intervention on coping and well-being of cancer patients
Authors: Panah Zeinab Ghaem , Aghababaei Naser , Rafieinia Parvin , Sabahi Parviz , Hosseini Shahrokh Makvand , Alzaben Faten , Koenig Harold 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In light of the high prevalence of breast cancer and the importance of addressing spirituality/religious issues in clinical care, the present study sought to investigate the effectiveness of a spiritual/religious intervention on religious coping and psychological well-being in women with breast cancer. A quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a control group was conducted in a sample of 60 Iranian breast cancer patients. Pargament’s 14-item Brief RCOPE and 6-dimentional Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales were administered at baseline and follow-up. Research data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance. Results indicate that the spiritual/religious intervention was effective in increasing positive religious coping and reducing negative religious coping, although there was no effect on psychological well-being.
Sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: prevalence, predictors, and implications for sexual and reproductive health programming
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Nalugya Aisha , Mugambe Richard K. , Wagaba Brenda , Nakalembe Doreen , Mutebi Aloysious , Bagonza Richard Asaba , Tigaiza Arnold , Kansiime Winnie K. , Ssempala Richard , Wafula Solomon T. , Isunju John Bosco , Buregyeya Esther 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPsychoactive substance use has an impact on risky sexual behaviour. Globaly, over 275 million people use psychoactive substances, however evidence on the predictors of sex under the influence of these substatnces is scanty. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people aged 18-24 years.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 744 sexually active young psychoactive substance users living in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a digitalized structured questionnaire preloaded on Kobocollect. The questionnaire captured data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, history of psychoactive substance use, and sexual behaviours. Data were analysed using STATA Version 14.0. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variable. Adjusted prevalence ratios at a p-value value ≤ 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval were considered.ResultsAbout 61.0% (454/744) of the respondents had sex under the influence of psychoactive substances in the last 30 days. The predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances were being female (PR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34), being 20-24 years of age (PR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44), being married (PR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31) or divorced/separated (PR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.26-1.61), not living with biological parents or guardians (PR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.99-1.50), earning 71 USD and below (PR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-1.03) and using alcohol (PR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.25-1.69), marijuana (PR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31) and khat (PR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.42) in the last 30 days.ConclusionThis study revealed a high prevalence of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. The predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances were being female, being 20-24 years of age, being married or divorced/separated, not living with biological parents or guardians, and using alcohol, marijuana and khat in the last 30 days. There is a need for sexual and reproductive health programs to incorporate risk reduction interventions that aim to reduce sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among the said categories in informal settlements.
Slip behavior of Velocity-Weakening barriers.
Authors: Molina Diego , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Tassara Andrés 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Seismic barriers are fault portions that promote earthquake rupture arrest and fault segmentation. Despite their fundamental role in controlling the maximum magnitude of earthquakes, the nature of seismic barriers is still uncertain. A common interpretation of barriers as having velocity-strengthening (VS) friction, i.e. steady-state friction increases with increasing slip velocity, is inconsistent with the thermal control of friction observed in laboratory experiments which implies that most subducted VS materials eventually turn velocity-weakening (VW) at some depth. Here we examine the possibility of VW barriers by conducting earthquake cycle simulations along a VW megathrust segmented by lateral variations of frictional properties and normal stress. We show that VW fault segments display a wide range of behaviors, including permanent barrier behavior. They can be locked during long periods and release their slip deficit either seismically or aseismically. We quantify the efficiency of VW barriers in arresting ruptures by a non-dimensional parameter based on fracture mechanics theory which can be constrained by observations on natural faults. This work provides insights on how tectonic features may control earthquake patterns and advances the theoretical underpinnings of physics-based hazard assessment.
A Platform for Blue-Luminescent Carbon-Centered Radicals
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Yi-Lin , Chen Chan , Ren Yan-Yan , Han YingFeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Organic radicals, which have unique doublet spin-configuration, provide an alternative method to overcome the efficiency limitation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on conventional fluorescent organic mole-cules. Further, they have made great breakthroughs in deep-red and near-infrared OLEDs. However, it is diffi-cult to extend their fluorescence into a short-wavelength region because of the natural narrow bandgap of the organic radicals. Herein, we significantly expand the scope of luminescent radicals by showing a new platform of carbon-centered radicals derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes that produce blue to green emissions (444–529 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory calculations and experimental investigations disclose that the fluorescence originates from the high-energy excited states to the ground state, demonstrating an anti-Kasha behavior. The present work provides an efficient and modular approach toward a library of carbon-centered radicals that feature anti-Kasha's rule emission, rendering them as potential new emitters in the short-wavelength region.
The relationship between cooking fuel and health status from the perspective of income heterogeneity
Authors: Yang Zhiming , Zhuang Xijie , Li Jiuling , Zhang Guanghui , Zhang Yunquan , Fu Lifu , Li Chengyou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study estimates the potential relationship between household air pollution and health status via using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Household air pollution is measured by different type of cooking fuels. Health status is evaluated from the perspective of respondents’ self-ratings of health, mental health, and by interviewer-assessed health. The data comprise more than 100,000 samples from 162 counties between 2012 and 2019. We employ a Hierarchical Linear Model to infer the potential impact of household air pollution caused by cooking fuel on residents’ health. After adjusting control variables, we find cleaner cooking fuels such as solar energy and biogas are more conducive to residents’ health status. Our findings manifest that cleaner fuels and lower exposure to household air pollution are better for residents’ health. Low-income households are more likely to be affected by household air pollution. This study emphasizes the consequence of the potential health effects on residents due to household air pollution from cooking fuels and the uneven distribution of those effects. It is recommended that such factors as household air pollution risks, health, and environmental fairness&justice should be considered in the policy formulation process.
Discovering and forecasting extreme events via active learning in neural operators
Authors: Pickering Ethan , Karniadakis George , Sapsis Themistoklis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Extreme events in society and nature, such as pandemic spikes or rogue waves, can have catastrophic consequences. Characterizing extremes is difficult as they occur rarely, arise from seemingly benign conditions, and belong to complex and often unknown infinite-dimensional systems. Such challenges render attempts at characterizing them as moot. We address each of these difficulties by combining novel training schemes in Bayesian experimental design (BED) with an ensemble of deep neural operators (DNOs). This model-agnostic framework pairs a BED scheme that actively selects data for quantifying extreme events with an ensemble of DNOs that approximate infinite-dimensional nonlinear operators. We find that not only does this framework clearly beat Gaussian processes (GPs) but that 1) shallow ensembles of just two
members perform best; 2) extremes are uncovered regardless of the state of initial data (i.e. with or without extremes); 3) our method eliminates "double-descent" phenomena; 4) the use of batches of suboptimal acquisition points compared to step-by-step global optima does not hinder BED performance; and 5) Monte Carlo acquisition outperforms standard minimizers in high-dimensions. Together these conclusions form the foundation of an AI-assisted experimental infrastructure that can efficiently infer and pinpoint critical situations across many domains, from physical to societal systems.
Ultrafast Fly-scan Nano-Tomography on the Seconds Timescale using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Jiayong , Lee Wah-Keat , Ge Mingyuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important technique for characterizing the 3D structure of materials, and, has found broad applications in medical imaging, biological research, and material science. Recently, due to the advances in x-ray source technology which provides very high beam intensities, there is great interest in applying CT to track 3D dynamics of samples, sometimes referred as 4D imaging. However, conventional CT reconstruction algorithms require that the sample does not change over the course of the CT data acquisition time, which limits the achievable temporal resolution of CT. The timescale of the sample dynamics being investigated must be much longer than the CT data acquisition time, in order to fulfill the stable sample requirement during data acquisition. At the same time, there is increasing concern about x-ray induced sample damage and undesired x-ray induced interactions. Thus, there is great interest and research to significantly reduce the CT data acquisition time and at the same time, reduce the sample dose. Here, we describe a new machine-learning (ML) based algorithm that significantly reduces CT data acquisition time as well as overall x-ray dose. With this approach, we achieved an ultrafast nano-tomography with sub-10 s data acquisition time and sub-50 nm spatial resolution with a Transmission X-ray Microscope. We applied our new algorithm to study the dynamic morphology changes in a Li-ion battery cathode material under a heating rate of 50 oC/s and found a self-healing of cracks during the sintering process. The proposed reconstruction protocol can be applied to other tomography modalities.
Manipulating Interlayer Excitons for Ultra-pure Quantum Light Generation
Authors: Zhao Huan , Zhu Linghan , Li Xiangzhi , Chandrasekaran Vigneshwaran , Baldwin John , Pettes Michael , Piryatinski Andrei , Yang Li , Htoon Han 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Interlayer excitons (IXs) formed at the interface of two different atomically-thin semiconductors have been emerging as an exciting ground not only for exploring fascinating many-body phenomena such as exciton condensation,1-4 but also for realizing exciton-based information processing technologies.5, 6 In a parallel development, nanoscale strain engineering has emerged as an effective means for the localization of 2D intra-layer excitons and activation of defect states for quantum light generation.7-11 Exploring the intersection of these two exciting areas, where strain and defects are exploited for the manipulation of IX toward the emergence of new functionalities, is currently at a nascent stage.6 Here, using MoS2/WSe2 heterostructure as a model system, we demonstrate how strain, defects, and layering can be utilized as control knobs toward novel defect-bound IXs capable of bright, robust, and tunable quantum light emission in the technologically important near-infrared spectral range. More significantly, because the deep-level sulfur vacancy states isolate our quantum emitters (QEs) from any of the intra- and inter-layer excitons, we were able to achieve ultra-high single-photon purity with g(2)(0) = 0.01 meeting the critical milestone for quantum key distribution (QKD), logic gate and memory technologies.12 Our strategy of creating site-controlled QEs from the defect-bound IXs represents a paradigm shift in 2D quantum photonics research, from engineering intralayer exciton in monolayer structures towards IXs at the interface of 2D heterostructures.
Room-temperature–low-pressure-operating high-energy lithium metal batteries employing garnet-type solid electrolytes and anode interlayers
Authors: Kim Ju-Sik , Yoon Gabin , Kim Sewon , Sugata Shoichi , Yashiro Nobuyoshi , Suzuki Shinya , Lee Myung-Jin , Kim Ryoung-Hee , Badding Michael , Song Zhen , Chang JaeMyung , Im Dongmin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered the most promising next-generation battery system because of their high energy density and safety. Significant research effort has been devoted to developing more stable and energy-dense LMBs than the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. However, the LMB performance remains unsatisfactory for commercialization, primarily owing to the inability of solid electrolytes to block Li dendrite propagation. Herein, we demonstrate highly stable LMB employing garnet-type oxide electrolyte by introducing a carbon-based interlayer with careful interface engineering. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that our design effectively regulated Li deposition away from the solid electrolyte, preventing dendrite penetration. We further demonstrated that the interface condition between the interlayer and solid electrolyte is critical and present an effective strategy to achieve an optimal interface. Overall, our garnet-type oxide-based LMB exhibited a high energy density of ~ 680 Wh/L for over 800 cycles at room temperature without using external pressure.
Preliminary efficacy of [90Y] DOTA-biotin-avidin radiotherapy against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Alì Alessandra , Leibowitz Dev , Bhatt Nikunj , Doubrovin Mikhail , Bates-Pappas Gleneara E. , Taub Robert N. , McKiernan James M , Mintz Akiva , Molotkov Andrei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Bladder cancer represents 3% of all new cancer diagnoses per year. We propose intravesical radionuclide therapy using the β-emitter 90 Y linked to DOTA-biotin-avidin ([ 90 Y]DBA) to deliver short-range radiation against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Material and methods: Image-guided biodistribution of intravesical DBA was investigated in an animal model by radiolabeling DBA with the 68 Ga and dynamic microPET imaging following intravesical infusion of [ 68 Ga]DBA for up to 4 hours and post-necropsy γ-counting of organs. The antitumor activity of [ 90 Y]DBA was investigated using an orthotopic MB49 murine bladder cancer model. Mice were injected with luciferase-expressing MB49 cells and treated via intravesical administration with 9.2 MBq of [ 90 Y]DBA or unlabeled DBA 3 days after the tumor implantation. Bioluminescence imaging was conducted after tumor implantation to monitor the bladder tumor growth. In addition, we investigated the effects of [ 90 Y]DBA radiation on urothelial histology with immunohistochemistry analysis of bladder morphology. Results: Our results demonstrated that DBA is contained in the bladder for up to 4 hours after intravesical infusion. A single dose of [ 90 Y]DBA radiation treatment significantly reduced growth of MB49 bladder carcinoma. Attaching 90 Y to the DOTA-avidin prevents its re-absorption into the blood and distribution throughout the rest of the body. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that [ 90 Y]DBA radiation treatment did not irreversibly damage the bladder urothelium, which appeared similar to the normal urothelium of healthy mice. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates the potential of intravesical [ 90 Y]DBA as a treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Fabricating the canola oil Nanoemulsion and assessing its anti-cancer effects on the mouse mammary gland tumor
Authors: neamati ali , Yousefi Yeganeh , Homayouni-Tabrizi Masoud , Pournaghshband Negar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold, a) to synthesize a Nanoemulsion from canola oil (CO-NE) and b) to investigate its antitumor effects. Ultrasonic method and Tween 20 and 80 with ethylene glycol were used to synthesize canola oil Nanoemulsion. Tissue changes of mice model were also assessed. The results showed that the CO-NE with a size of 40.94 nm, a zeta potential of -29.67 mV, and a dispersion index of 0.21 has a selective toxicity effect on mouse breast cancer cells.
Giant Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation in Hybrid Metasurface Coupled MoS2 with Fano-Resonance effect
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Yang Liuli , Du Juan , Li Ziwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures have been regarded as potential candidates for boosting the nonlinear up-conversion rate at nanoscale level due to their strong near-field enhancement and inherent high design freedom. Here, we design a hybrid metasurface to realize the moderate interaction of Fano resonance and create the dual-resonant mode-matching condition to facilitate nonlinear process of second harmonic generation (SHG). The hybrid metasurface presents dipolar and octupolar plasmonic modes near the fundamental and doubled-frequency wavelengths, respectively, which is further utilized to enhance the SHG of low-dimensional MoS2 semiconductor. The maximum intensity of SHG in hybrid metasurface coupled MoS2 is more than ten thousand times larger than that of other structure-units coupled MoS2, and the conversion efficiency is reported to be as high as 3.27×10−7. This work paves the way for optimizing nonlinear light-matter interactions in low-dimensional structures coupled semiconductors.
Necroptosis-Related microRNA (mir-331-3p) is Expected to Become a New Target for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Lisheng , Li Guang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There are no studies on the relationship between the expression of necroptosis-related miRNAs and the prognosis of cervical cancer. We aimed to use The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to mine necroptosis-related microRNAs (miRNAs). Cervical cancer-related data in the TCGA database were downloaded and necroptosis-related miRNAs were collected. First, differential analysis of necroptosis-related miRNAs was carried out, and the differentially expressed miRNAs were constructed and analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regressions. miRNAs with significant differences were screened and the prognoses of the obtained miRNAs was analyzed. Finally, the downstream target genes and downstream target gene enrichment pathways of prognosis-related miRNAs were determined, and the possible role of miRNAs in cervical cancer was explored. Results: Six differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by differential analysis and survival analysis of the obtained differential genes showed that the expression level of mir-331-3p was positively correlated with patient prognosis. Finally, the pathway enrichment analysis of the mir-331-3p downstream target gene showed that it was significantly enriched in positive regulation of gene expression, mRNA catabolic process, regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle, regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition, activation of innate immune response as well as DNA-binding transcription repressor activity. Conclusion: In cervical cancer, necroptosis-related miRNAs (mir-331-3p) can accelerate the death of cervical cancer cells by activating body immunity, promoting RNA decomposition, regulating G2/M conversion, and has an antitumor effect. It is expected to become a new target in the treatment of cervical cancer.