bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-security image encryption by multiplexing phase encoding in domains of dual optical transforms
Authors: Li Zhihui , Gao Bin , Pan Xiaoou , Wang Chenxuan , Zuo Weizhuo , Ji Yu , Liu Shutian , Liu Zhengjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel optical image encryption is proposed based on multiplexing of the random phase encoding after shift and rotation operations in domains of extended fractional Fourier transform (eFrFT) and Fresnel transform. The original image is subjected to eFrFT with the action of the random phase mask. The mask is shifted and rotated. The image obtained from the fractional Fourier transform is entered into Fresnel diffraction by the use of the phase mask to obtain the final encrypted image. We design that the multiplexing operation of the phase keys can reduce the storage volume of the keys. Here, the displacement amount, rotation angle and wavelength in this system can be used as additional keys to improve the security and reliability of the encryption system. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and security of the algorithm. The results show that the keys are very sensitive enough for high security.
Purification of 57kDa Hyaluronidase from the venom of Conus betulinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Ramachandiran , Kanchana Shankar , Arumugam Muthuvel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The enzyme hyaluronidase cleaves the substrate hyaluronic acid. In the study, hyaluronidase was isolated from the venom gland of C. betulinus and characterised using SDS-PAGE, FTIR, and HPLC. The protein content of crude venom is approximately 4mg/ml, whereas purification with Sepacryl S-100 yielded 0.04mg/ml protein with 0.463TRU/mg specific activity. The detected hyaluronidase had a molecular weight of 57kDa when compared to a standard protein marker. The presence of a peak at Rt 57.23 as hyaluronidase is revealed by HPLC analysis, and the wavelength pattern is similar to the standard bovine testicular hyaluronidase.
Relating Enrique surface with K3 and Kummer through involutions and double covers over finite automorphisms on Topological Euler–Poincaré characteristics over complex K3 with Kähler equivalence
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep , Roy Sanjeevan Singha , Behera Ashis Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A segregated approach is used through several maps and classifiers where a study has been conducted to establish a concrete relational equivalence among several hypercomplex structures over three—order categorization tables namely ‘Enrique surface classification’ and ‘Enrique-K3-Complex(K3)-Kähler-Kummer surface characteristics’ with ‘K3– Complex(K3)-Kähler-Kummer(K3)-Kummer classifiers’ taking into account several notions of algebraic topology and algebraic geometry. This paper is the continuation of the previous preprint https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1635957/v1. For the Enrique 7—classifiers are considered namely I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII.
Economic Globalisation and Inclusive Green Growth in Africa: Contingencies and Policy-Relevant Thresholds of Governance
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Figari Francesco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study employs macrodata for 23 African countries to examine whether good governance interacts with economic globalisation (EG) to foster inclusive green growth (IGG). First, the study finds that EG hampers IGG in Africa. Second, although unconditionally good governance promotes IGG, only government effectiveness interacts with EG to foster IGG. Across the social and environmental sustainability dimensions of IGG, however, the effects differ substantially. Notably, while the EG-governance pathways yield remarkable environmental sustainability net gains, a modest harmful effect was observed for socioeconomic sustainability. Evidence from our threshold analyses also suggests that while government effectiveness is critical for propelling EG to promote IGG, across the social and environmental perspectives of IGG, it is investments in building frameworks and structures for corruption control and the rule of law that are crucial. Our results shed new light on IGG and have several implications for Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063.JEL Codes: F18; F4; F6; F63; F64; H1; O55; Q01; Q56
Specific Changes in Hemostasis System Parameters during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with a Novel Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Zhuravel S. V. , Ivanov I. V. , Talyzin A. M. , Klychnikova E. V. , Bulanov A. Yu. , Popugaev K. A. , Vladimirov V. V. , Tazina E. V. , Petrikov S. S. 
Published: August 2022

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a method that makes it possible to compensate for critical changes caused by acute respiratory failure, with the ineffectiveness of treatment with rigid modes of artificial lung ventilation (ventilator) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units. The search for the optimal state of the hemostasis system is one of the main tasks in the treatment of critical patients in ECMO conditions.The objective: to study changes in hemostatic parameters in patients with COVID-19 undergoing ECMO and determine the need for their correction.Subjects and Methods. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 patients were included in the study: 72 men and 28 women aged 26 to 75 years old, the median age made 55 years [47; 60]. VV-ECMO was performed in all observations. In 100% of cases, the cause of respiratory failure which required VV-ECMO was COVID-19-associated pneumonia.Results. 49 episodes of hemorrhagic complications and 76 episodes of thrombotic complications were recorded from the 1st to the 7th day from the moment of ECMO initiation. We found that the chance of developing thrombosis decreased by an average of 0.3% with an increase in the activity of antithrombin-3 by 1%. A statistically significant association of thrombosis risk was also found for prothrombin and prothrombin time.Conclusion. During the first 7 days of ECMO, patients with COVID-19 demonstrate the increase in APTT, prothrombin time and a decrease in the number of platelets, prothrombin activity, and fibrinogen concentration. The risk of thrombosis in this group of patients significantly decreases with the increasing activity of antithrombin-3 and prothrombin and increases with rising need of the higher dose of unfractionated heparin. The tactics of restrictive anticoagulant therapy when using unfractionated heparin can be taken into account as a way to reduce the risk of thrombosis and requires further research.
Levosimendan Hemodynamic Effects Depending on the Outcome of Sepsis
Authors: Tyurin I. N. , Protsenko D. N. , Kozlov I. A. 
Published: August 2022

The objective: to study hemodynamic and clinical effects of levosimendan depending on the clinical outcome in patients with sepsis and impaired cardiac pumping function.Subjects and Methods. the retrospective study involved 31 patients of 52.7 ± 2.8 years old with sepsis or septic shock which were treated with levosimendan at the dose of 0.16 [0.15‒0.17] mg/kg (0.11 [0.1‒0.12] μg × kg-1 × min-1) on days 1–4 of ICU stay. The patients were divided into the following groups: Group 1 ‒ survivors (n = 19) and Group 2 – non-survivors (n = 12). Central hemodynamics was assessed through transpulmonary thermodilution. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results. Most of the hemodynamic parameters and vasopressors and inotropes doses had no differences between the groups before levosimendan administration. There were no differences in the cardiac index (3.8 ± 0.3 vs 3.5 ± 0.3 L/min/m2; p = 0.479) between the groups following levosimendan administration, however, Group 1 demonstrated the following parameters to be lower versus Group 2: central venous pressure (7 ± 0.7 vs 11 ± 1 mm Hg; p = 0.005), blood lactate (1 [0.9‒1.8] vs 2.4 [2.2‒3.3] mmol/L; p = 0.04), norepinephrine dosages (0.2 [0.15‒0.35] and 0.5 [0.4‒0.6] ng/kg/min; p = 0.023 ), global end-diastolic volume index (693 [688‒28] vs 870 [779‒961] mL/m2; p =0,0009) and the level of NT-proBNP (1,590 [1,080‒3,160] vs 35,000 [21,400‒35,000] pg/mL; p = 0,0001). Global heart ejection fraction (23 [21‒27] vs 15 [12‒20]%; p = 0.015) and heart function index (6 [5‒8] vs 3 [ 3-4] min-1; p = 0.003) ) were higher in Group 1 versus Group 2. APACHE II >19 (AUC 0.906; p < 0.0001), SOFA > 9 (AUC 0.805; p = 0.0002); heart rate > 114 min-1 (AUC 0.755; p = 0.0095), and index of total peripheral vascular resistance < 1,700 dyn × s × cm-5 × m2 (AUC 0.806; p = 0.001) before levosimendan administration were the independent predictors of death in patients treated with levosimendan.Conclusion: non-survivors patients with sepsis had significantly higher APACHE II and SOFA scores, higher heart rate and lower index of total peripheral vascular resistance before levosimendan infusion. In survivors levosimendan infusion at a standard dose led to a significant improvement in the heart pumping function accompanying by global heart ejection fraction and heart function index increasing and NT-proBNP decreasing. In non-survivors such favorable central hemodynamics changes did not occur, although the cardiac index increased after inodilator administration. Further studies of levosimendan efficacy in patients with sepsis of varying severity are advisable. It is necessary to specify the indications and contraindications for levosimendan administration to patients with sepsis.
Prospects for the Use of NGAL and KIM-1 for the Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Nikitin E. Yu. , Drozdov V. N. , Vyzhigina M. A. , Vorobieva O. A. , Astapovskiy A. A. , Khalaidzheva K. N. , Shikh E. V. 
Published: August 2022

The developers of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Acute Kidney Injury titled The Initiative to Improve Global Kidney Disease Outcomes (KDIGO) point at the need of new biomarkers for diagnosis acute kidney injury (AKI).The objective: to study and evaluate the diagnostic significance of the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in patients with AKI in the early postoperative period when antibiotic therapy is used.Subjects and Methods. AKI frequency was assessed in 276 patients during the early postoperative period after the antibacterial drugs had been prescribed. Serum levels of KIM-1 and NGAL, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine, protein in urine were tested before the start of antibiotic therapy, in 24–48 hours, and in patients with AKI – additionally in 72–96 hours. The normal initial renal excretory function was registered only in 36 patients (13.04%). The majority of patients (242 patients, 86.96%) were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease of various stages.Results. NGAL and KIM-1 levels were higher in the group of patients with AKI before start of antibiotic therapy versus the group of patients with preserved renal function. However, a statistically significant increase in the level of KIM-1 and NGAL was found only in the group of patients with stages 3A and 3B of CKD versus the groups of patients with stages 1 and 2 of CKD. The second important observation is that a comorbid pathology in patients led to a high AKI incidence when antibiotic therapy was used – 35.86% (30–42%; 95%CI).Conclusion. The relationship of NGAL and KIM-1 levels with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and KIM-1 level with the presence of proteinuria as indicators of impaired renal filtration function suggests that NGAL and KIM-1 levels reflect the state of renal filtration function. Based on this observation, it should be accepted that NGAL and KIM-1 levels can be used as markers for the diagnosis of AKI in patients receiving antibiotic therapy. The prescription of antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period in patients with surgical pathology and renal dysfunction leads to a high AKI incidence. Elevated KIM-1 and NGAL levels in AKI during the antibiotic therapy suggests their involvement in the reparation process.
Zjawisko a rzeczywistość – wpływ poglądów Bertranda Russella na koncepcję wielości rzeczywistości Leona Chwistka
Authors: Femiak Tomasz 
Published: August 2022

W artykule omówione zostały główne publikacje Bertranda Russella z lat 1905-1921 jako stanowiące inspirację dla powstania teorii wielości rzeczywistości Leona Chwistka. W ten sposób ukazano tło historyczne, tj. wpływ podnoszonych przez Russella zagadnień na postawę badawczą Chwistka (jedna z wielu składowych sytuacji problemowej, w której teoria wielości rzeczywistości była tworzona). Artykuł zawiera także zestawienie poglądów obu filozofów oraz ocenę podobieństw i różnic między nimi.
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Zgłoszono: 28/03/2022. Zrecenzowano: 03/05/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 11/06/2022.
Pogańscy bogowie nieświadomości. Przed-filozoficzna myśl grecka a koncepcja polimorficznego umysłu w psychologii głębi
Authors: Sawicki Michał , Kowalski Arian 
Published: August 2022

Niniejszy tekst podejmuje kwestię bogów i bohaterów mitów greckich, odnosząc ją do obecnej w psychologii głębi koncepcji archetypów i nieświadomości zbiorowej. Główny cel badań sprowadza się tym samym do bacznego przyjrzenia się potencjalnej korelacji pomiędzy zewnętrznymi (względem „ja”) w rozumieniu starożytnego Greka postaciami bogów i bogiń (wpływających na niego podobnie jak na bohaterów homeryckich), a wewnętrznymi przejawami nieświadomości zbiorowej, które mogą stanowić – według Carla Gustava Junga – istotę antycznych bóstw. Ponadto został poddany namysłowi problem wpływu „wewnętrznych bogów” na sposób myślenia, odczuwania i działania jednostki, wpływu zarówno pozytywnego, jak i negatywnego. Wynikająca z przeprowadzonych badań konkluzja zwraca uwagę na wartość sfery irracjonalnej – źródła pochodzenia zapomnianych, politeistycznych bogów, zamieszkujących psychikę współczesnego człowieka.
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Zgłoszono: 14/04/2022. Zrecenzowano: 11/05/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 30/05/2022.
A New Year, Newfangled COVID-19 Variant B.1.640.2 (IHU): What We
Know So Far?
Authors: Mukherjee Sukhes , Ray Suman Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
A new COVID-19 variant that no one currently wants has emerged with the start of the new
year. Omicron, which was first discovered in November of last year, was only just beginning to be
understood when another strain uncovered in France made headlines. On January 4, 2022, news of the
variant exploded on social media, but cases of what is now known as variant B.1.640.2 (IHU) were
initially discovered about two months prior. Evidence is still being gathered, but internet misinformation
regarding the latest coronavirus variety is already rampant, as it was with Omicron. The majority
of existing vaccines target SARS-spike CoV-2's protein, which the virus utilizes to enter and infect
cells. Epidemiologists and virologists worldwide are concerned about the virus' spike protein, which
plays a key role in how your body identifies and reacts to the virus. Spike proteins are produced, recognized,
and defended against by our immune system. Your body and the vaccines you have had
injected into your system have a far harder time fighting the virus when the amino acids in a protein
are altered or removed.
Do People Desire to Cycle More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Investigating the Role of Behavioural Characteristics through a Structural Model
Authors: Rashidi Mahdi , SeyedHosseini Seyed-Mohammad , Naderan Ali 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Most cycling behaviour studies have defined it using objective variables and focused on normal conditions.

Objective:
This study applies latent class analysis to a sample of 375 survey respondents in Tehran, the Capital city of Iran, exploring the variables influencing cycling behaviour during pandemic covid-19.

Methods:
We made a statistical comparison among the data obtained from the questionnaires and the statistical data of the 2016 census. A structural equation modeling (SEM) was developed.

Results:
Fourteen indicators define three latent variables. Cycling behaviour is defined by these three latent factors and three indicators. This paper goes through each of the indicators and their impact on latent variables. The findings show that latent factors have a direct impact on cycling behaviour.

Conclusion:
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a great tool for defining cyclist behaviour analysis that shows the positive and negative influence of variables on cycling rate during a covid-19 pandemic. There are some limitations in the area of this study in developing countries discussed in the paper.
A Review on Aerosol Drug Delivery: Fundamentals, Classifications, Particle
Size Analysis and the Engagement of Nanoparticulate Systems
Authors: Mneimneh Amina Tarek , El-Maradny Hoda Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The pulmonary route of administration has shown viability and effectiveness in local and systemic delivery, as a non-invasive method, not only for active pharmaceutical ingredients but also for genes, proteins, and enzymes for pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases.

Objectives:
Nanoparticulate systems such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, emulsions, nanosuspensions, polymeric nanoparticles, and metal-based have been investigated as delivery carriers for the lungs. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are known for their optimum small size and suitability for pulmonary absorption as it is well recognized that drug particles within the size range of 1–5 μm are the best for pulmonary deposition.

Results:
The advantages of these colloidal systems are generated by their small size, large surface area, and rapid absorption. These systems are characterized by ease of preparation as inhalable formulation, the ability to increase drug concentration at the site of disease, preventing and minimizing drug loss and degradation, and the possibility of cell targeting.

Conclusion:
This article provides a brief review of the features of different aerosol devices, their advantages, limitations, and methods utilized for particle size analysis with a focus on the emerging field of nanocarriers as vehicles for pulmonary delivery for various lung disorders.
Role of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs and
Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bhatia Tanuja , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Kurmi Balak Das , Singh Dilpreet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon condition marked by elevated pulmonary artery pressure that leads to right ventricular failure. The majority of drugs are now been approved by FDA for PAH, however, several biopharmaceutical hindrances lead to failure of the therapy. Various novel drug delivery systems are available in the literature from which lipid-based nanoparticles i.e. solid lipid nanoparticle is widely investigated for improving the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. In this paper, the prototype phytoconstituents used in pulmonary arterial hypertension have limited solubility and bioavailability. We highlighted the novel concepts of SLN for lipophilic phytoconstituents with their potential applications. This paper also reviews the present state of the art regarding production techniques for SLN like High-Pressure Homogenization, Micro-emulsion Technique, and Phase Inversion Temperature Method, etc. Furthermore, toxicity aspects and in vivo fate of SLN are also highlighted in this review. In a nutshell, safer delivery of phytoconstituents by SLN added a novel feather to the cap of successful drug delivery technologies
Importance of Afʻāl Nafsāniyya (Psychic Functions) in Survival of Individual:
A Review in Context of Unani Medicine
Authors: Tauleha Sayed , Zulkifle Mohammad , Ahmed Waqar 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Every living creature needs special Afʻāl (functions) in order to stay alive. Therefore, as a result Afʻāl are the most important fundamental of the living body. Afʻāl are thought to be the principal target of an individual's existence. In terms of Afʻāl the two states of the body, Ṣiḥḥat and Maraḍ (health and sickness) are represented. All movements voluntary or involuntary, sensations, thoughts and memories are included in Afʻāl Nafsāniyya. Some psychic attributes are unique to humans whereas others are also exhibited by some higher species of animals and any brain function can be interfered to cause disease state.

Methods:
As much as literature was available regarding the same was collected, evaluated and summarised.

Results:
For the continuation and maintenance of life all faculties play their role, none of the faculty can keep the body completely functional through their own. Afʻāl Nafsāniyya (psychic functions) are performed by Quwā Nafsāniyya (psychic faculty). Afʻāl Nafsāniyya equip the body and protect it from hazards, thus plays an important role in survival of an individual.

Conclusion:
When Quwwat Nafsāniyya gets compromised, it affects Quwwat Haywāniyya (vital faculty) and Quwwat Ṭabī'iyya (natural faculty) making survival challenging and as a matter of fact, it may be stated that Afʻāl Nafsāniyya play a crucial part in the survival of species directly and in continuation of species indirectly. The motive of this paper is to explore the importance of Afʻāl Nafsāniyya (psychological functions) in survival of an individual.
Q-Marker: An Integrative Approach and Scientific Validation in the Indian System of Medicine
Authors: Sharma Alok , Akanksha  , Islam Atiqul , Singh Harjeet , Singh Amrat Pal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:The prevalence of plant-based medicine has risen worldwide, not only as part of conventional treatment but also for health care management. The authenticity and quality of herbal medicines impact these medications' safety and effectiveness in clinical treatment. So, it is necessary to identify the chemical composition and quality of pharmacologically active ingredients in the plants as there is no pertinent data regarding the exact dose of the Herbal based medicine. Similarly, the Indian system of Medicine (ISM) based products may vary in composition and properties, and increasing reports of adverse reactions have drawn the attention of many regulatory agencies for the quality evaluation of traditional formulations. Moreover, ISM's quality control has always been an important domain, and its current quality standards have a complex effect to assure clinical efficacy. The Quality marker (Q-marker) technique is a new approach in Chinese traditional medicines to enhance and empower Chinese herbal drugs by focusing on each step of the plant processing from its growing phases to the marketed product formulation. The present review highlights the application of Q-marker and its tools for the establishment of quality standards of herbal drugs. Besides, this work also highlighted complies few Q-marker-based traditional Chinese medicines case studies. We expect that it would benefit the manufacturing process control and quality management of the Indian system of medicine. This work could provide a new direction for Q marker in the Indian system of medicine and contribute in the modernization and globalization of the Indian system of Medicine.