bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A national survey of the radiotherapy dosimetrist workforce in the UK
Authors: Blackler Nicola , Bradley Karen E , Kelly Charles , Murphy Steven , Cross Carole , Kirby Mike 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To undertake a national survey of the Radiotherapy Dosimetrist workforce within the UK; examining different attributes and experiences, comparing results with published evidence within the literature. Methods: A national, anonymised survey was undertaken between Dec 2020 and end of Feb 2021; employing a mixed-methods approach and blend of closed, open-ended answer choices and free-text comments. Questions included range of training routes and job titles; registration status; job tasks and engagement with Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Results A total of 223 individuals responded. Nearly half were trained via therapeutic radiography; approximately, a fifth through a clinical technologist/physics routes. Most (70%) had Dosimetrist in their job title. Nearly 70% were statutorily registered, and almost a fifth were in the voluntary register of Clinical Technologists. Most job tasks were in treatment planning – with 57% spending over 70% of their time there. Most notably, 29% were not involved in any CPD scheme. No published evidence showed the same aspects identified here. Conclusions: Our survey showed a unique profile of the Radiotherapy Dosimetrist workforce in the UK, with a variety of training routes and statutory registration status. Nearly, a third were not engaged in a CPD scheme – adding to the current discussion that perhaps all Dosimetrists should be statutorily registered, for ensuring safe and effective clinical practice. Advances in knowledge: A novel and unique national survey of Dosimetrists working in Radiotherapy in the UK is presented, leading to new insights into current training routes, registration status, job tasks and CPD engagement and needs.
Early biofouling colonization stages: Implications for operation and maintenance planning in marine renewable energy projects
Authors: Vinagre Pedro Almeida , Fonseca Gonçalo 
Published: September 2022

Background:Marine biofouling is a threat to industries working in the marine environment, representing enormous costs associated with equipment impairment and loss of performance. In the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) and other maritime sectors which operate at sea for long periods, an important aspect of biofouling is related to the type and frequency of maintenance.Methods:This study investigated important parameters of macrofouling (for example composition, including the presence of non-indigenous species, thickness, and weight) from communities growing on small-scale wave energy components in marine conditions. The trials were performed during short periods of submersion (one to eight weeks) in the seasons when the colonisation process should be most intensive (spring, summer, and autumn). Furthermore, the frictional resistance forces generated to scrape the biofouling from those artificial components were investigated.Results:Overall, results show that while biofouling growth in early colonization stages might not present great detrimental effects to wave energy components, although marine corrosion and the settlement of non-indigenous species (NIS) should be factors of concern.Conclusions: It is suggested to perform biofouling-related maintenance activities after the peak of maximum growth and reproduction (during the warmer seasons in temperate to cold environments) to reduce the number and frequency of activities. NIS can be detected very early in the colonization process, highlighting the importance of biofouling monitoring and the implementation of biosecurity risk assessment plans early in the operational stage of MRE projects.
Language resources and tools for Livonian
Authors: Ernštreits Valts , Fišel Mark , Rikters Matīss , Tomingas Marili , Tuisk Tuuli 
Published: September 2022

This article describes linguistic collections of Livonian, development of digital resources, and their usage. The main motivation is to ensure the accessibility of Livonian intangible cultural heritage and linguistic materials for the Livonian and research communities as well as using digital technologies for the purpose of ensuring accessibility and making creation of resources more efficient. This paper also discusses digital technologies and tools needed by the Livonian community and researchers as well as challenges deriving from work with limited resources. A separate section discusses possibilities for adopting language technologies for low-resource languages based on the experiment of building a machine translation module for Livonian.
Kokkuvõte. Valts Ernštreits, Mark Fišel, Matīss Rikters, Marili Tomingas, Tuuli Tuisk: Keeleressursid ja -vahendid liivi keele jaoks. Käesolev artikkel annab ülevaate liivi keelekogudest, digitaalsete ressursside arendamisest liivi keele jaoks ja nende kasutamisest, et tagada liivi vaimse kultuuripärandi ja keeleliste materjalide kättesaadavus nii liivi kogukonnale kui ka laiemale teadlaskonnale. Samuti on digitehnoloogia kasutamise eesmärgiks tagada parem ligipääs allikatele ning muuta liivi keele jaoks vajalike ressursside loomine tõhusamaks. Artiklis käsitletakse liivlaste kogukonnale ja teadlastele vajalikke digitehnoloogiaid ja vahendeid ning piiratud ressurssidega tööst tulenevaid väljakutseid. Eraldi alapeatükis analüüsitakse vähese ressursiga keelte keeletehnoloogia kasutuselevõttu, tuginedes liivi masintõlke katsetamisele.
Kubbõvõttõks. Valts Ernštreits, Mark Fišel, Matīss Rikters, Marili Tomingas, Tuuli Tuisk: Resursõd ja vaindõkst līvõ kīel pierāst. Kēra tǟmikšõb iļvaņtlimiz iļ līvõ kīel kubūd, līvõ kīel pierāst lūodõd digitālizt resursõd, nänt kazāntimiz ja kȭlbatimiz, višīņtõs līvõd vaimlizt kultūr pierāndõkst ja tarmõs võimiži päzzõ kīel materjalõd jūrõ līvliztõn eņtšõdõn ja ka tuņšlijiztõn. Digitālizt tehnolōgijd kazāntimiz merk um ka parāntõ ovātõd kȭlbatimiz võimiži ja tīedõ līvõ kīel pierāst vajāglizt resursõd lūomiz jo kievāmõks. Kēra nīžõb iļ digitālizt tehnologijd ja vaindõkst, mis ātõ tārpalizt līvõd ja tuņšlijizt pierāst, ja iļ problēmõd, mis suggõbõd piškīzt resursõdõks jelāmizõst. Īžki kabāl um pivāstõd kīel tehnologijd kȭlbatimizõn piškīzt resursõdõks kīeld pierāst – sīesõ alīzõks um kȭlbatõd līvõ kīel mašīntulkõm lūomiz nägțõb.
Notes on an obsolete tensed negative pronoun construction in Livonian
Authors: Blokland Rogier 
Published: September 2022

In language contact situations indefinite pronouns are susceptible to borrowing and/or calquing, and Livonian, which has been under strong influence of Latvian, is no exception. The negative prefixoid äb, originally the third person singular of the negative auxiliary äb, and calqued on Latvian ne- NEG, has been used to form nouns (e.g., äbkūlzit NEG.obedience ‘disobedience’), adjectives (e.g., äbjõvā NEG.good ‘bad’) and adverbs (e.g., äbknaššõ NEG.nicely ‘nastily’), but in a number of 19th century sources one also finds indefinite pronouns with this same negative prefixoid, e.g., a̤b midāgid ‘nothing’. However, due to the synchronous identity of äb as a tensed negative auxiliary (present tense: äb, past tense: iz), in past tense clauses the negative prefixoid of indefinite pronouns was then also inflected, leading to forms such as is midāgid. For a brief period in the 19th century Livonian therefore had a tensed negative pronominal construction.
Kokkuvõte. Rogier Blokland: Tähelepanekuid ajaliselt määratletud eitusvormi sisaldava vana asesõnakonstruktsiooni kohta liivi keeles. Keelekontaktisituatsioonis võidakse indefiniitseid asesõnu kergesti laenata ja/või tõlkida ning tugeva läti keele mõju all olnud liivi keel ei ole selles suhtes erand. Eitav prefiksoid äb, mis algselt on eituse ainsuse 3. pöörde abiverb, on tõlkelaen läti keelest: ne- NEG. Liivi äb-i abil moodustatakse nimisõnu (nt äbkūlzit NEG.sõnakuulelikkus ‘sõnakuulmatus’), omadussõnu (nt äbjõvā NEG.hea ‘halb’) ja määrsõnu (nt äbknaššõ NEG.ilusasti ‘inetult’), kuid mitmest 19. sajandi allikast on leida ka indefiniitseid asesõnu sama eitava prefiksoidiga, nt a̤b midāgid ‘ei midagi’. Kuna äb on samal ajal ka eituse ajaliselt määratletud abiverb (olevikus äb, minevikus iz), on mineviku ajavormis lausetes indefiniitse asesõna eitav prefiksoid olnud samuti muudetud mineviku ajale vastavaks: is midāgid. Seega esinesid liivi keeles 19. sajandil lühikest aega eituse ajaliselt määratletud pronoomenikonstruktsioonid.
Kubbõvõttõks. Rogier Blokland: Tǟdõlpanmizt iļ vanā azūmsõnā konstruktsij, mis sizāldõb āigas markīertõd kīeldõksformõ. Kīeld kubbõpūtimiz situātsijs äbpīldzizt azūmsõnād võibõd kievāmstiz sōdõ täpīņtõd ja/agā tulktõd ja nei se um ka līvõ kīels, mis um vȯnd viš lețkīel mȯj alā. Kīeldõks prefiksoid äb, mis amā ežmõks um vȯnd 3. pärsōn abverb īdlug kīeldõks form, um kalk lețkīelstõ: ne- NEG. Līvõ kīels sīe äb abkõks sōbõd lūodõd nimsõnād (nägțõbõks, äbkūlzit NEG.kūlzit), ummitsõnād (nägțõbõks, äbjõvā NEG.jõvā) ja vīțsõnād (nägțõbõks, äbknaššõ NEG.knaššõ). Setmiņst 19. āigastsadā ovātst ātõ lieudtõb ka äbpīldzizt azūmsõnād seļļizt eņtš prefiksoidõks, nägțõbõks, a̤b midāgid. Až äb sīel eņtš āigal um ka āigas markīertõd kīeldõks abverb (paldīņizāigas äb, lǟndzāigas iz), siz lǟndzāigas äbpīldziz azumsõnā kīeldõks prefiksoid kītõmis um vȯnd neiīž ka lǟndzāiga vorms: is midāgid. Nei siz 19. āigastsadās līvõ kīels lītizt aigõ ātõ vȯnnõd āigas markīertõd azūmsõnā kīeldõks konstruktsijd.
Livonian polar questions in their areal context
Authors: Norvik Miina , Metslang Helle , Pajusalu Karl , Saar Eva 
Published: September 2022

This paper analyses strategies for forming polar questions and their historical sources in the two main varieties of Livonian – Courland Livonian and Salaca Livonian. The results reveal that the main means for marking polar questions in both varieties are sentence-initial particles. Their usage is compared to the means found in other varieties spoken in the Central Baltic area. This micro-areal comparison offers an in-depth analysis of the main patterns in the area, including their developmental paths. It appears that on several occasions, Livonian, Latvian, Latgalian, and Leivu South Estonian (spoken in Latvia) pattern together as opposed to the Estonian and South Estonian varieties (spoken in Estonia) and Lutsi and Kraasna South Estonian (spoken, respectively, in southeastern Latvia and the southern Pskov region in Russia). The data originate from various sources and different times, and were obtained by using both manual and automated methods; the analyses are qualitative.
Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik, Helle Metslang, Karl Pajusalu, Eva Saar: Liivi keele üldküsimused areaalsel taustal. Artiklis analüüsitakse üldküsimuse vormistamise strateegiaid ning nende kujunemise allikaid kahes liivi keele põhikujus – Kuramaa liivi keeles ja Salatsi liivi keeles. Tulemused näitavad, et mõlemas on üldküsimusi moodustatud peamiselt lausealguliste partiklitega. Liivi keele üldküsimuste struktuuri võrreldakse areaalselt lähedaste keelte ja murrete moodustusviisidega. Selline mikroareaalne võrdlus võimaldab sügavuti analüüsida Balti areaalis leiduvaid põhilisi üldküsimuste vormimalle ning nende arenguteid. Artiklist ilmneb, et mitmel juhul osutuvad sarnaseks liivi, läti, latgali ja lõunaeesti leivu keelesaare üldküsimuste moodustusviisid, erinedes eesti keele, lõunaeesti murdekujude ning lõunaeesti lutsi ja kraasna keelesaare üldküsimuse moodustusest. Andmestik on kogutud mitmesugustest eri aegade allikatest ning seda on analüüsitud kvalitatiivselt.
Kubbõvõttõks. Miina Norvik, Helle Metslang, Karl Pajusalu, Eva Saar. Līvõ kīel iļammizt kizzimizt areāl kontekstõs. Kēras sōbõd vaņtõltõd amnämniz kizzimiz lūomiz stratēgijd ja nänt ovātõd kōds līvõ kīel vīțs – Kurmō līvõ kīels ja Salāts līvõ kīels. Tuņšlimi nägțõb, ku mȯlmis sōbõd kȭlbatõd partikõld, mis irdistiz ātõ lieudtõb kītõm īrgandõksõs. Kēra ītlõb līvõ kīel amnämnizt kizzimizt struktūrõ seļļizt īž struktūrõdõks munt ležgõlizt kēļši ja kīelmūrdis. Seļļi ītlimi äbțõb tuņšlõ amā sagdidi amnämnizt kizzimizt formõd modelidi ja nänt suggimizt Vāldamier areāls. Nei īž tuņšlimi nägțõb, ku amnämnizt kizzimizt struktūr pierrõ līvõ kēļ, lețkēļ, ladgal kēļ ja jedālēsti leivu kīelkōla ātõ jõvāgid ītizt – nēši kēļši struktūrõd ātõ mõitizt äbku ēsti kīels, jedālēsti kīelmūrdis, jedālēsti Lutsi ja kraasna kīelkōlis lieudtõb. Tieutõd tuņšlimiz pierāst ātõ kubbõ pandõd īžkižist ovātist ja tuņšlimiz pierāst sōbõd kȭlbatõd kvantitatīvizt metōdõd.
A century of Livonian studies at the University of Tartu
Authors: Tuisk Tuuli , Pajusalu Karl 
Published: September 2022

The significance of the Livonian language and culture to Estonians is greater than mere historical closeness. The discipline of Livonian studies has been a part of Estonian national self-definition. The current article provides an overview of Livonian research and instruction since 1919 when the University of Tartu became the national university of Estonia. A consistent focus on Livonian language and culture during the last hundred years has been a good example of the Estonian national university’s broader mission, where national and international dimensions interweave in many ways. The University of Tartu is the only institution in Estonia where the Livonian language has been approached in such a multifaceted and in-depth manner, and has been taught, researched, and popularised.
Kokkuvõte. Tuuli Tuisk, Karl Pajusalu: Sajand liivi uuringuid Tartu Ülikoolis. Liivi keele ja kultuuri tähendus eestlastele on suurem kui pelgalt ajalooline lähedus. Liivi uuringud on olnud osa Eesti rahvuslikust enesemääratlusest. Käesolev artikkel esitab ülevaate liivi keele uurimisest ja õpetamisest Tartu Ülikoolis alates aastast 1919, kui sellest ülikoolist sai Eesti rahvusülikool. Järjepidev liivi keele ja kultuuriga tegelemine viimase saja aasta jooksul on hea näide Eesti rahvusülikooli laiemast missioonist, kus rahvuslik ja rahvusvaheline mõõde põimuvad mitmel moel. Tartu Ülikool on ainuke asutus Eestis, kus liivi keelega on nii mitmekülgselt ja pikaaegselt tegeldud – õpetatud, uuritud ja tutvustatud.
Kubbõvõttõks. Tuuli Tuisk, Karl Pajusalu: Līvõd tuņšlimizt āigastsadā Tartu Iļīzskūols. Līvõ kīel ja kultūr tǟntõks ēstlizt pierāst um jo sūr äb ku set istōrili ležglit. Līvõd tuņšlimi um vȯnd ikš jag Ēstimō eņtšmēļitõst. Kēra tǟmikšõb iļvaņtlõks iļ līvõ kīel tuņšlimiz ja opātimiz Tartu Iļīzskūols 1919. āigastõst, ku Tartu Iļīzskūolst tuļ Ēsti rov iļļiskūol, tämpiz sōņõ. Līvõ kīelkõks ja kultūrõks jelāmi perīz sadā āigast āigal um jõvā nägțõb Ēstimō rov iļīzskūol jo laigāst missijõst, missõst um nǟdõb, kui īdtuoizõks sieggõbõd rovvi ja rovvõdvaili. Tartu Iļļiskūol um āinagi optõbkūož Ēstimōl, kus līvõ kēļ um vȯnd nei sūr ov sizāl kōgiņ aigõ – siedā um opātõd ja tuņšõltõd, sīestõ um rõkāndtõd.
Non-pharmacological Therapy in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Rozenbajgier Martyna , Wójcik-Grudzień Justyna , Pawłowska Paulina , Ozga-Stachurska Alicja 
Published: September 2022

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome manifested by chronic, generalized muscle and joint pain and symptoms such as sleep problems, mental disorders, mainly depression, which significantly reduces the patients' quality of life.The etiology, pathogenesis, and pathomechanism of symptoms in FM are still not fully understood, which makes the therapeutic options unsatisfactory. Treatment is mainly based on relieving the symptoms of the disease and is based on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. It seems that the best results are achieved by a combination of cooperation between a rheumatologist, psychiatrist, psychologist and phosiotherapist.
The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the possibilities of non-pharmacological treatment in people with fibromyalgia
Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was carried out using the following keywords: fibromyalgia, chronic pain, non-pharmacological therapy in fibromyalgia
Insulinoma - review of characteristics, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Sapuła Klaudia , Remjasz Klaudia , Siedlecki Wojciech , Fabiś Mateusz , Kuchnicka Julia , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Zielińska Martyna 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and purpose:
Insulinoma is one of a group of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). This tumor has its origin in the β cells of the pancreatic islets, which are responsible for the production of insulin. Excessive amounts of this hormone in the body manifest hypoglycemic neuroglycopenic and sympathetic-overstimulation symptoms. The purpose of this review is to analyze information on the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of patients with insulinoma.
Material and methods:
This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed database and published between 2017 and 2022. The study was conducted by reviewing keywords as follows: "insulinoma," "NEN," "diagnosis," and "treatment."
Results:
The diagnosis of insulinoma consists of a typical clinical presentation, biochemical test results indicating hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, and presence of a tumor. The treatment targets solutions leading to a complete recovery, usually performing open surgery involving enucleation of the tumor.
Conclusions:
Despite the characteristic clinical picture, insulinoma is still often a diagnostic problem. It is necessary to work towards improving diagnostic methods and conduct further research into the most effective methods of treating insulinoma.
Populáris kultúra és kulturális állampolgárság
Authors: Strickland-Pajtók Ágnes 
Published: September 2022

A kutatás fő célja annak föltárása, hogy a populáris kultúra termékei ösztönözhetik-e közönségüket arra, hogy politikai, társadalmi kérdésekben akár önkéntelenül is állást foglaljanak. Joke Hermes (2005) nyomán megfogalmazva, azt járja körül, hogy ezek a médiatermékek elősegíthetik-e a domináns hatalmi rendszerek megkérdőjelezését. A kérdést A szolgálólány meséje című regény legújabb televíziós adaptációjának recepcióján keresztül kívánom megvizsgálni. A huszonkét, sorozatot néző nővel folytatott interjú elemzésének elsődleges célja annak bemutatása, hogy a befogadók hogyan viszonyulnak a sorozat szereplőihez és a cselekményéhez, illetve annak vizsgálata, hogy a sorozat interpretálása történhet-e a jelen politikai, kulturális kontextusának értelmező horizontja felől, és ha igen, hogyan fogalmazódnak meg azok a gondolatok, melyek nem csupán a sorozatra reflektálnak, de a néző saját jelenéhez fűződő viszonyáról is árulkodnak. A végső cél a válaszokból körvonalazódó kulturális állampolgárság alaposabb megértése.
Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan ASI Eksklusif Di Tingkat Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun 2013
Authors: Dewi Ayunovita , Suparwati Anneke , Suryawati Chriswardani 
Published: September 2022

Kabupaten Kebumen adalah salah satu Kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang cakupan ASI Eksklusifnya masih 54,6 %. Kabupaten Kebumen juga belum mempunyai suatu regulasi daerah tentang ASI Eksklusif. Hal ini berakibat pelaksanaan ASI Eksklusif belum maksimal. Permasalahan dalam implemetasi kebijakan ASI Eksklusif di Kabupaten Kebumen terdapat pada aspek komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis implementasi kebijakan ASI Eksklusif di tingkat Kabupaten Kebumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan observasional dan menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan teknik pengumpulan data. Informan utama adalah Kepala DKK, Kabid Yankes, Kasie Gizi, Bagian Hukum Sekertariat Kabupaten Kebumen, Kepala Puskesmas Bonorowo dan Kuwarasan. Uji validitas dengan triangulasi sumber kepada Disnakertransos, Dikpora, TIM Penggerak PKK, BPPKB Kabupaten Kebumen dan PT. Sampoerna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek komunikasi sudah dilakukan dengan intensitas yang belum rutin. Pada aspek sumberdaya, ketersediaan dana Kabupaten masih kurang dan sarana prasarana berupa ruang menyusui harus difungsikan. Pada aspek disposisi masih kurangnya dukungan dari lintas sektor di Kabupaten Kebumen, masih adanya tenaga kesehatan yang bekerja sama dengan produsen susu formula dan penggunaan ruang menyusui yang belum maksimal. Pada aspek struktur birokrasi tidak terdapat petunjuk pelaksanaan yang khusus, yang dibuat oleh Dinas Kesehatan dan tidak ada Perda tentang ASI Eksklusis sedangkan Perda adalah peraturan tertinggi di tingkat daerah yang bisa mengikat semua kalangan masyarakat. Disarankan bagi Dinas Kesehatan segera membuat Perda dan menyelesaikan penyusunan Peraturan Bupati ASI eksklusif yang jelas dan rinci . Bagi Dinas Kesehatan dan kepala Puskesmas disarankan untuk melakukan supervisi dan monitoring ke tenaga kesehatan khususnya terkait dengan penggunaan ruang menyususi, dan sanksi terhadap bidan yang bekerja sama dengan produsen susu formula.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pada Pekerja Yang Terpapar Potassium Permanganate Dan Phosphoric Acid Di Industri Garmen
Authors: Fathurrahman Cecep , Jayanti Siswi , Ekawati - 
Published: September 2022

One of the negative effects of the garment industry was the air pollution by potassium permanganate and phosphoric acid that produced in the pp spray process. Potassium permanganate and phosphoric acid were a chemical irritant which inhaled by the workers will result impaired lung function with early symptoms such as asphyxiate, sore throat, coughing, etc. The purpose of this research was to know the factors (age, working periode, nutritional status, smoking habit, and habits of sport) were associated with impaired lung function in workers exposed to potassium permanganate and phisphoric acid in garment industry. This research was observational research with a cross sectional research design approach. The population of this research was the entire workers of PT Sai Apparel Industries in laundry department in pp spray section amounted to 72 people with a sample of 42 people. Samples were taken by simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate using Chi Square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the independent variables with the dependent variable (impaired lung function) are working periode (p value = 0.016), smoking (p value = 0.007) , and use of PPE (p value = 0.030) and showed no relationship that age (p value = 0.094), nutritional status (p value = 0.353), and exercise habits (p value = 0.139). It is therefore necessary the use of respirator are strictly monitoring and continuous on the workers and the need to make more effort to lower the levels of potassium permanganate and phosphoric acid in the air with exhaust after work stopped, and make rotation work on workers in the laundry department in pp spray section PT Sai Apparel Industries