bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and management of tuberculosis infection in Apulian rheumatologic patients treated with biologics: An observational cohort 10‐year study from the BIOPURE registry
Authors: Fornaro Marco , Stano Stefano , Goletti Delia , Semeraro Angelo , Cantatore Francesco Paolo , Maruotti Nicola , Colella Sergio , Abbruzzese Anna , Santo Leonardo , Praino Emanuela , Iannone Florenzo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to assess the 10‐year prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among Apulian patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). Secondary endpoint was to record new cases of active TB disease and LTBI among patients treated with biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).MethodsWe analysed the results from the patients included in the BIOPURE registry from 2009 to 2018, who underwent QuantiFERON‐TB Gold In‐tube (QFT‐GIT) test as screening before bDMARDs treatment. Demographic and clinical data were recorded at the time of the first QFT‐GIT test. Administration of preventive therapy and bDMARD treatments were recorded for patients with positive QFT‐GIT test. All new tuberculosis infections were recorded during the follow‐up.ResultsThe final study population included 3028 patients (855 rheumatoid arthritis, 1001 psoriatic arthritis, 833 spondyloarthritis, 130 connective tissue diseases, 33 systemic vasculitis and 176 other inflammatory rheumatic conditions), more frequently female (67.2%), with a mean age of 52 ± 18 years. Patients with QFT‐GIT‐positive test were elderly people, predominantly male with higher prevalence of diabetes as comorbidity. The 10‐year prevalence of LTBI was 10.8%. Of note, no cases of TB reactivation were recorded in patients who completed preventive therapy treatment. Three thousand and sixteen patients were followed over time (42.6 ± 30 months), and five (.2%) developed active TB, which corresponds to .47 cases per 1000 person‐years.ConclusionsIn the 10‐year observation, the use of bDMARDs seems to be safe in rheumatologic patients with positive QFT‐GIT test treated according to current recommendations. Nevertheless, cases of primary TB disease did occur during treatment with biologicals.
Improving light‐cured intermediate resin for hard and space mouthguard using a glass fiber
Authors: Sakaue Takahiro , Togo Shinji , Tsutsui Arata , Matsuda Yoshiaki , Nakajima Kazunori , Takeda Tomotaka , Fukuda Kenichi , Vallittu Pekka , Lassila Lippo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsA light‐cured intermediate material is useful for fabricating a hard insert and a buffer space mouthguard (H&SMG). However, it requires improvement in its mechanical properties and shock‐absorbing capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of two prototype light‐cured intermediate materials reinforced with glass fibers, and the impact absorption capacity and durability of H&SMGs made with the prototype intermediate materials.Materials and MethodsTwo prototype materials containing long and microlength glass fibers in a light‐cured intermediate material, Innerframe LC®, for H&SMG, were fabricated and tested. A three‐point bending test was performed for evaluation of the mechanical properties. In addition, a shock absorption test was conducted using a customized pendulum impact testing machine to evaluate the H&SMGs' impact absorption capacity and durability.ResultsLong and microlength glass fibers significantly improved flexural modulus and strength. H&SMGs made with these two glass fiber‐containing materials had high impact absorption capacity against both low and high impact forces, while the mouthguards made with long glass fiber materials had the best results.ConclusionLong and microlength glass fibers with the prototype materials improved the mechanical properties of Innerframe LC® and the impact absorption capacity and durability of H&SMGs. H&SMGs made with the long glass fiber prototype materials had the best performance.
Sports mouthguard overview: Materials, fabrication techniques, existing standards, and future research needs
Authors: Roberts Howard Wayne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSports mouthguards are proven devices that reduce both the probability of and damage to orofacial tissues. While commonly used, clinicians may be unaware of the different sports mouthguard materials, proposed fabrication techniques, design recommendations, and newer digital fabrication methods. An overview of existing sports mouthguard standards is presented. It identifies that identify that the present requirements, while historically chosen in good faith, appear to be arbitrarily selected and not from clinical evidence‐based derived data. In addition, identified sports mouthguard heterogeneous testing and data acquisition methods distinguishes that little possibility is afforded for the correlation of results. Furthermore, updated evidence with concussion prevention and/or alleviation is presented with evidence provided by sports mouthguard imbedded technology. The need for continued research is stressed to provide evidence‐based data for concussion alleviation/prevention, digital fabrication methods and materials, and clinically based information for the revision of existing standards.
I spy with my little eye: The detection of changes in emotional faces and the influence of facial feedback in Parkinson disease
Authors: Kuehne Maria , Polotzek Laura , Haghikia Aiden , Zaehle Tino , Lobmaier Janek S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeParkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor system but also involves deficits in emotional processing such as facial emotion recognition. In healthy participants, it has been shown that facial mimicry, the automatic imitation of perceived facial expressions, facilitates the interpretation of the emotional states of our counterpart. In PD patients, recent studies revealed reduced facial mimicry and consequently reduced facial feedback, suggesting that this reduction might contribute to the prominent emotion recognition deficits found in PD.MethodsWe investigated the influence of facial mimicry on facial emotion recognition. Twenty PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a classical facial mimicry manipulation (holding a pen with the lips, teeth, or nondominant hand) while performing an emotional change detection task with faces.ResultsAs expected, emotion recognition was significantly influenced by facial mimicry manipulation in HCs, further supporting the hypothesis of facial feedback and the related theory of embodied simulation. Importantly, patients with PD, generally and independent from the facial mimicry manipulation, were impaired in their ability to detected emotion changes. Our data further show that PD patients' facial emotional recognition abilities are completely unaffected by mimicry manipulation, suggesting that PD patients cannot profit from an artificial modulation of the already impaired facial feedback.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is not the hypomimia and the absence of facial feedback per se, but a disruption of the facial feedback loop, that leads to the prominent emotion recognition deficit in PD patients.
Reducing chronic back pain and inflammation in horses using a commercial herbal liniment
Authors: Walter Kelly Winsco , Altman Jay , Haussler Kevin 
Published: December 2022

SummaryBackgroundBack pain in horses, regardless of the underlying cause, is a common condition that can result in poor performance. The field veterinarian has limited noninvasive treatment options for reduction in back muscle soreness. This study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of a commercially available herbal, nonheating liniment (Sore No More Performance Ultra, Arenus), in reducing pain and inflammation in horses with mild back pain.ObjectivesFocus on a standardised area of the lumbar back region to evaluate effects of an herbal liniment over 44 days using pressure algometry to determine pain response and thermographic measurement of surface temperature to evaluate inflammation.Study designA randomised complete block design was used. Eighteen mature stock horses were evaluated for back pain and randomly assigned to treatment group (herbal liniment or control solution).MethodsAll horses maintained similar light work 5 days per week in a university equestrian programme for 44 days. Evaluation of the back was standardised by identifying the lumbar region, and pain and inflammation assessed weekly with force gauge pressure readings and thermal images.ResultsAll horses displayed a decrease in pain scores over the first 3 weeks of the study, but the control group saw a rise in pain scores at Day 23. Pain scores on the left side of the back were significantly lower in the liniment group than the control group at Day 30.Main limitationsNumber of horses available for the study was limited. Daily exercise of the horses used represented typical use of mature lesson horses, however, was not standardised for the entirety of the 44‐day trial.ConclusionsStandardised evaluation procedures using pressure algometry and thermography found that Sore No More Performance Ultra herbal liniment had some effect on thermography (inflammation) and pain response of the back, with improvements shown at 23–30 days.
Environmental correlates of body size influence range size and extinction risk: A global study in rodents
Authors: Fourcade Yoan , Alhajeri Bader H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimSpecies‐level traits, such as body and range sizes, are important correlates of extinction risk. However, both are often related and are driven by environmental factors. Here, we elucidated links between environmental factors, body size, range size and susceptibility to extinction, across the whole order of rodents.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedRodents (order Rodentia).MethodsWe compiled an unprecedentedly large database of rodent morphology, phylogeny, range size, conservation status, global climate and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), comprising >86% of all described species. Using phylogenetic regressions, we initially explored the environmental factors driving body size. Next, we modelled the relationship between body size and range size. From this relationship, we computed and mapped (at the assemblage level) an index of relative range size, corresponding to the deviation from the expected range size of each species, given its body size. Finally, we tested whether relative range was correlated with the risk of extinction of the species derived from an assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.ResultsWe found that, contrary to the expectations of Bergmann's rule, the body size of rodents was mostly influenced by variation in NDVI (rather than latitude/temperature). Body size, in turn, imposed a constraint on species range size, as evidenced by a triangular relationship that was segmented at the lower bound. The relative species range size derived from this relationship highlighted four geographical regions where rodents with small relative range were concentrated globally. We demonstrated that lower relative range size was associated with increased risk of extinction.Main conclusionsSpecies that, given their body size, are distributed across ranges that are smaller than expected have elevated extinction risk. Therefore, investigating the relationships between environmental drivers, body size and range size might help to detect species that could become threatened in the near future.
The ebb and flow of the Seaflower marine biosphere reserve: Law entanglements and socio‐environmental justice in the southwestern Caribbean Sea
Authors: García Ch. María Catalina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the spatio‐legal dynamics of marine protected areas and their relation to socio‐environmental justice. It adopts a critical legal geography perspective to unpack ocean lawscape configurations triggered by territorial claims, the international mechanisms for maritime boundary‐making, and state sovereignty instruments. It is empirically focused on the Seaflower marine biosphere reserve, a protected area amid a geopolitical contestation between Nicaragua and Colombia in the southwestern Caribbean. By analysing its spatio‐legal history over two decades (2000–2021), the paper sheds light on the marine legalities of this region, which are often contradictory and overlapping. Focusing on the marine lawscape of Colombia, it explores the relationship between protected areas and marine territorialisation, also reflecting on the governance regimes' effects on indigenous livelihoods and marine biodiversity. The paper concludes that (i) marine protected areas are regularly being disrupted, re‐bordered, and reconfigured by the international ocean regimes governing the oceans; (ii) the link between the creation and management of marine protected areas and territorial jurisdiction compromises social and environmental justice, and (iii) inclusion of indigenous legalities might enhance equity and sustainability in ocean governance.
Coupling the benefits of grassland crops and green biorefining to produce protein, materials and services for the green transition
Authors: Jørgensen Uffe , Jensen Søren Krogh , Ambye‐Jensen Morten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCompared with annual grain and seed crops, perennial grassland has significantly lower losses of nutrients and low pesticide requirements, whilst also supporting soil carbon build‐up. Until now grassland crops have almost exclusively been fed to ruminants and horses. Our experiments on biorefining forages have produced protein of a quality equal to soybean meal. Forage crops can deliver high yields of biomass as well as protein with a well‐balanced amino acid profile. In grass crops from unfertilised permanent grassland, focus has to be on the fibre part of the grass due to a low protein yield. With current techniques we have recovered up to 40% of the forage protein into a protein concentrate with around 50% protein. In addition, a fibre fraction containing 15%–18% protein of dry matter can be produced and used as ruminant feed, bioenergy, or further biorefined into chemical building blocks or bio‐materials. Our feeding experiments have shown that biorefined grassland protein can provide a substitute for soybean meal for poultry and pigs without negative effects on animal performance. The first industrial scale biorefineries on green biomass for feed and bioenergy are now established in Denmark, although more research is needed in order to evaluate protein quality for both feed and food applications. In addition, a full EFSA approval has to be obtained for the application for food. The green biorefinery concept opens new markets for grassland and opportunities for increasing the grassland area to obtain associated ecosystem services.
Discussion on the common controversies of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Yang Hang , Mou Yi , Hu Bing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) can persistently colonize on the gastric mucosa after infection and cause gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia, and even gastric cancer (GC).MethodsTherefore, the detection and eradication of H. pylori are the prerequisite.ResultsClinically, there are some controversial issues, such as why H. pylori infection is persistent, why it translocases along with the lesser curvature of the stomach, why there is oxyntic antralization, what the immunological characteristic of gastric chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori is, whether H. pylori infection is associated with extra‐gastric diseases, whether chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is reversible, and what the potential problems are after H. pylori eradication. What are the possible answers?ConclusionIn the review, we will discuss these issues from the attachment to eradication in detail.
Low mortality in vaccinated immunocompromised haematology patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Shaw Briony , Shortt Jake , Low Michael , Rogers Benjamin , Kaplan Zane , Fedele Pasquale , Gregory Gareth , Vilcassim Shahla , Gilbertson Michael , Grigoriadis George , Opat Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in patients with haematological neoplasms has been associated with increased mortality; however, many studies in this patient group were reported early in the pandemic. The authors evaluated outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in patients with haematological conditions following widespread vaccination, newer viral variants and increasingly effective antiviral therapies. A 4% mortality rate was found and contemporary risk factors for hospitalisation including older age, nonvaccination or partial COVID‐19 vaccination status and infection with non‐Omicron strain were identified.
Has long‐distance flight ability been maintained by pigeons in highly insular habitats?
Authors: Tsujimoto Daichi , Ando Haruko , Suzuki Hajime , Horikoshi Kazuo , Nakajima Nobuyoshi , Suyama Yoshihisa , Matsuo Ayumi , Fujii Chieko , Isagi Yuji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimA reduction in dispersal ability has been thought to be a general trend for island land birds. However, recent studies have indicated that long‐distance dispersal among island habitats may be maintained in island pigeon populations. Here, we investigated whether pigeons could maintain their long‐distance dispersal ability to move among islands within the archipelago, even in highly insular conditions, by comparing two subspecies of Japanese wood pigeon distributed on islands with different levels of insularity.LocationThe Ogasawara, Izu and Nansei Islands in the north‐western Pacific Ocean.TaxonJapanese wood pigeon (Columba janthina).MethodsWe compared the hand‐wing index related to dispersal potential between the two subspecies: C. j. janthina and C. j. nitens. We performed phylogenetic analyses with likelihood and Bayesian frameworks and estimated population genetic structure using the principal component analyses and individual admixture analyses based on the genotype likelihood of MIG‐seq SNPs. We calculated divergence times of the two subspecies using Bayesian and PSMC models for MIG‐seq SNPs and whole genome data, respectively.ResultsC. j. nitens had a wing shape that was better suited for long‐distance flight than that of C. j. janthina. Both subspecies maintained sufficient gene flow among the islands within their habitat archipelagos, with no evidence of isolation by distance. The divergence time of the two subspecies was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.33–0.97) million years ago, which was sufficient to reduce dispersiveness compared to other cases of island land birds.Main ConclusionLong‐distance flight can be maintained under highly insular conditions despite long‐term isolation from the ancestral populations. This indicates that the strategy of maintaining dispersal ability may also be possible in island systems, where organisms have repeatedly and globally shown reduced dispersal ability. Although further studies are required to reveal its evolutionary processes, our study provides an exceptional case for island birds' biogeography.
Intraspecific variation in reproductive barriers between two closely related Arabidopsis sister species
Authors: Perrier Antoine , Willi Yvonne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReproductive isolation (RI) is a critical component of speciation and varies strongly in timing and strength among different sister taxa, depending on, for example the geography of speciation and divergence time. However, these factors may also produce variation in timing and strength among populations within species. Here we tested for variation in the expression of RI among replicate population pairs between the sister taxa Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata and A. arenicola. While the former is predominantly outcrossing, the latter is predominantly selfing. We focused on intrinsic prezygotic and postzygotic RI as both species occur largely in allopatry. We assessed RI by performing within‐population crosses and interspecific between‐population crosses, and by raising offspring. RI was generally high between all interspecific population pairs, but it varied in timing and strength depending on population history. Prezygotic isolation was strongest between the closest‐related population pair, while early postzygotic isolation was high for all other population pairs. Furthermore, the timing and strength of RI depended strongly on cross direction. Our study provides empirical support that reproductive barriers between species are highly variable among population pairs and asymmetric within population pairs, and this variation seems to follow patterns typically described across species pairs.
The potential of soil amendment with insect exuviae and frass to control the cabbage root fly
Authors: Wantulla Max , van Zadelhoff Kristian , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReliable options to control the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum L., are lacking in many countries as restrictions on insecticide use have tightened due to environmental concerns. Although microbial control agents are often considered as a sustainable alternative, their application in agriculture is constrained by inconsistent efficacy owing to low field persistence. To stimulate naturally occurring beneficial microbes, soil amendment with the residual streams of insect production has been suggested as an alternative to synthetic fertilization and a new approach to microbial crop protection. In a set of greenhouse experiments, exuviae and frass of black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens L., house crickets, Acheta domesticus L. and exuviae of mealworms, Tenebrio molitor L., were added to soil from an organically managed field. Exuviae and frass treatments were compared to treatments with synthetic fertilizer. Brussels sprouts, Brassica oleracea L., plants were grown in amended soil for 5 weeks before being infested with cabbage root fly larvae. Insect and plant performance were assessed by recording cabbage root fly survival, biomass and eclosion time and seed germination and plant biomass, respectively. Whereas soil amendment with black soldier fly frass or exuviae reduced cabbage root fly survival and biomass, respectively, amendment with house cricket or mealworm residual streams did not negatively affect root fly performance. Furthermore, seed germination was reduced in soil amended with house cricket exuviae, while amendment with either residual stream derived from black soldier fly larvae or house crickets resulted in lower plant shoot biomass compared with the synthetic fertilizer treatment. Amending soil with black soldier fly residual streams could become a novel and low‐cost tool to be integrated in cabbage root fly management programmes, especially where methods currently available are insufficient. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying the effects of insect‐derived soil amendments described here should be the focus of future research.