bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reionization in the Light of Dark Stars
Authors: Gondolo Paolo , Sandick Pearl , Shams Es Haghi Barmak , Visbal Eli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effect of dark stars (DSs) on the reionization history of the universe, and the interplay between them and feedback due to Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation in reducing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) optical depth to a value within the τ = 0.054 ± 0.007 range measured by Planck. We use a semianalytic approach to evaluate reionization histories and CMB optical depths, which includes Population II stars in atomic cooling halos and Population III stars in minihalos with LW feedback, preceded by a DS phase. We show that while LW feedback by itself can reduce the integrated optical depth to the last scattering surface to ∼0.05 only if the Population III star formation efficiency is less than ∼0.2%, the inclusion of a population of DSs can naturally lead to the measured CMB optical depth for much larger Population III star formation efficiencies ≳1%.
Les notions de perception et de verbe de perception sont-elles des notions linguistiques ?
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude 
Published: August 2022

L’homme a un certain accès au monde par le biais de ses perceptions, surtout la vue, qui le renseignent de façon partielle et partiale sur les états de ce monde ou d’une partie de celui-ci. Par ailleurs, l’homme dispose grâce à la langue d’une représentation linguistique du monde. Dans cette représentation, les percepts issus de sensorielles – la vue, l’ouïe, le goût, le tact et l’odorat – sont conçues comme des perceptions directes , c.-à-d. comme directement appréhendées. Si l’on cherche, inversement, quelles autres connaissances ont en langue le statut de perception directe, les propriétés linguistiques montrent que les savoirs communs en font partie. On comprend alors pourquoi le verbe voir , qui est au centre de cette étude, désigne très généralement l’acquisition de certaines connaissances, et pas seulement au moyen de la vue. Ce qui est cohérent avec l’origine de voir , c.-à-d. *weid ‹acquérir le savoir›.
Voyons voir : de la locution verbale au marqueur de perception. Une locution à ne pas en croire ses yeux
Authors: Gómez-Jordana Ferary Sonia 
Published: August 2022

Le but de cet article est d’apporter une description sémantique de voyons voir afin de vérifier son évolution. Voyons voir est une locution verbale transitive depuis la fin du xvi e siècle et devient, surtout à partir du xix e siècle, un marqueur de perception. Voyons voir a subi un processus de pragmaticalisation où la valeur impérative et la transitivité de la locution se sont perdues. Nous présenterons les propriétés sémantiques de voyons voir soutenues par des critères linguistiques opératoires, afin de définir un marqueur de perception non nécessairement visuelle.
Intérêt de la surveillance des voies d’abord par monitorage des pressions de perfusion en néonatalogie
Authors: Guy B. , Pons de Vincent J.F. 
Published: August 2022

L’occlusion des cathéters présente des risques exacerbés en néonatalogie. Un moyen efficace de prévenir ces occlusions a été apporté par la surveillance de la pression de perfusion, notamment à l’aide d’une pompe volumétrique munie d’un secteur de pression. Cette technique permet deux surveillances : affichage permanent de la pression de perfusion et réglage journalier d’une alarme de surpression. Les pressions de perfusion sont stables autour de +/– 30 cm H 2 O d’une pression moyenne. Ainsi, toute élévation au-dessus de cet écart est suspecte. La surveillance régulière de la pression qui a été adoptée depuis par le service permet de diagnostiquer toute surpression anormale, due par exemple à une occlusion. L’alarme de surpression est réglée optimalement à 30 cm H 2 O au-dessus de la pression de perfusion. Son efficacité porte sur la rapidité pour déceler une amorce d’occlusion et ainsi que la détection précoce des diffusions tissulaires.
Procédures et processus dans les soins infirmiers
Authors: Nolin Michèle 
Published: August 2022

Le dispositif est conçu en référence au modèle théorique de l’engagement en psychologie sociale. Il vise dans un premier temps à faire accepter à des infirmières un travail de réflexion sur la prévention des infections nosocomiales exogènes puis à leur faire analyser des fautes d’asepsie présentées sur vidéofilm, et enfin à s’auto-évaluer sur une courte période. L’ hypothèse pose que si le scénario ne permet pas d’attribuer ces fautes à des causes externes non maîtrisables par les professionnels nous créerions un contexte favorable à l’autorégulation des conduites aseptiques lorsqu’ils se trouveraient en situation d’auto-évaluation. Nos résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence : une augmentation significative du lavage des mains sur les 3 mois qui ont suivi l’expérience, une élévation significative d’explications « personologiques » au fur et à mesure du déroulement du dispositif attestant d’une élévation de l’activité d’internalisation quant à l’explication des fautes d’asepsie. En conclusion nous admettons que ce travail ouvre des perspectives en terme d’analyse didactique des situations de travail.
Three-Year Outcomes of Under-flap Stromal Bed CXL for Early Post-LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Wallerstein Avi , Gauvin Mathieu , Rocha Guillermo , Sison Ronald , Korban Salim , Cohen Mark 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE:
To investigate the 36-month clinical outcomes of under-flap stromal bed CXL (ufCXL) and report on its ability to stabilize post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia.

METHODS:

This case series included 20 eyes with diagnosed early post-LASIK ectasia treated with ufCXL. Inclusion criteria were early, mild post-LASIK ectasia, defined as new-onset postoperative manifest refraction cylinder of 1.50 diopters (D) or less, with new topographic inferior steepening consistent with ectasia, uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better. The existing LASIK flap was lifted, 0.25% isotonic riboflavin was applied directly to the stromal bed, the flap was repositioned, and 18 mW/cm
2
ultraviolet light was applied for 5 minutes to the corneal flap surface. Post-ufCXL ophthalmic data were compared to pre-ufCXL baseline measurements.

RESULTS:

Visual outcomes were maintained pre-ufCXL to 36 months post-ufCXL, with preserved safety index (
P
= .6545), efficacy index (
P
= .4980), spherical equivalent accuracy (
P
= .1536), defocus equivalent accuracy (
P
= .1032), central corneal thickness (
P
= .5196), and corneal irregularity indices at 3 mm (
P
= .8548) and 5 mm (
P
= .3399). Refractive astigmatism significantly decreased from 0.83 to 0.55 D pre-ufCXL to post-ufCXL (
P
= .0439), as did maximum keratometry from 42.40 to 42.00 D pre-ufCXL to post-ufCXL (
P
= .0420). The ufCXL demarcation line depth was 336 ± 21 µm post-ufCXL, with normal endothelial cell density (2,574 ± 203 cells/mm
2
). Only 1 of 20 eyes showed evidence of progression of 1.00 D in maximum keratometry.

CONCLUSIONS:
The ufCXL procedure shows promise in stabilizing early post-LASIK ectasia. Visual function, refractive astigmatism, maximum keratometry, and corneal irregularity indices were statistically maintained at 36 months postoperatively.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(8):511–519.]
Cytokine Response to Antitubercular Therapy in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Coinfection with Respect to CD4 Count and Viral Load − A Pilot Study
Authors: Ivaturi Nagesh Venkata , Sashindran V. K. , Singh Anchit Raj , Aggarwal Vivek 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and Background:
Monitoring of efficacy of antitubercular treatment (ATT) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection is more often based on clinical judgment. Having an objective biomarker monitor, the treatment response to ATT is urgently required in HIV-TB coinfection.

Methodology:
Fifty patients of diagnosed HIV infection with TB as opportunistic infection were enrolled. Baseline CD4 and HIV viral load were done. Serum cytokine levels of IFN γ, IL-10, IL-2, and interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were assessed at baseline and after 2 months of initiation of ATT.

Results:
Out of fifty patients, 43 (86%) were male and 7 (14%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 39 years. The median CD4 count was 342 cells/uL, and the mean plasma HIV viral load was 3,05,093 copies/ml. Sputum for AFB was positive in 15 (30%) patients. The levels of interferon-gamma (INF γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 have shown a statistically significant decline over 2 months [Table 1] with a P = 0.005, <0.001, and 0.023, respectively. There was a significant correlation between IP-10 and CD4 count in male patients as assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient (P = 0.048).

Conclusion:
The levels of INF γ, IL-4, and IL-10 have shown a statistically significant decline over 2 months [Table 1] with a P = 0.005, <0.001, and 0.023, respectively. There was a significant correlation between IP-10 and CD4 count in male patients.
A Cross-sectional Survey on Workplace-Related Difficulties among Glaucomatous Personnel in Aviation Maintenance Tasks
Authors: Patyal S. , Kotwal Atul , Raina Sapna , Mahapatra Bharathi , Yadav Arun Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Quality of life and work are affected in glaucoma patients due to their disease or treatment. Many papers have identified factors that may affect the life of glaucoma patients. There is no assessment of personnel employed in aviation maintenance tasks suffering from glaucoma at the workplace to the best of our knowledge.

Methods:
A total of 63 personnel working in aviation maintenance tasks diagnosed with glaucoma were requested to fill a pro forma consisting of 20 questions about their vision-related duties. The questionnaire was designed using a standard technique. The data were entered into an excel sheet and statistically analyzed.

Results:
About 15.9% had visual problems mainly at night, 4.8% had difficulties walking on uneven ground, 7.9% had difficulty viewing objects in the periphery, 1.6% in crossing roads, 6.3% in climbing stairs, none had any problems in color differentiation, and 1.6% had problems while working on aircraft parts.

Conclusions:
In the present study, the glaucomatous patient might not have any difficulty in carrying out task in aviation industry; however, regular follow-up and close monitoring of the cohort is required to confirm the findings of the study.
Early practice with two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. Ado Ekiti Nigeria
Authors: Adewuya Oladapo Adedamola , Olaoye Olatunji Olubukola , Ojo Opeyemi Ezekiel , Areo Oluwaseun Olusegun 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an essential noninvasive heart study technique which has changed the practice of cardiology worldwide. The procedure began at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital on October 24, 2017, till date.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to present our early practice with TTE in our location.

Materials and Methods:
It is a descriptively analyzed retrospective data acquired on demographic parameters, indications for the procedure, echocardiographic parameters, and diagnoses. The procedure was performed using general electric ultrasound machine Logiq C5 premium equipped with 3.5–5.0MHz transducer.

Results:
Three hundred and three procedures were done between October 24, 2017, and December 17, 2019 (2 years 2 months). There were 158 males and 145 females who were aged 52.8 ± 18.1and 56.6 ± 17.2 respectively. The mean age for all the subjects was 54.6 ± 17.8 years. Hypertension made up 168 (55.4%) and arrhythmia 25 (8.3%) of the indications for the procedure. The various diagnoses made include hypertensive heart disease (HHDx) (47.2%), cardiomyopathy (7.3%), valvular heart disease (rheumatic type) (5.9%), congestive cardiac failure (2.6%), pericardial disease (2.0%), left ventricular failure (1.7%), cor-pulmonale (1.7%), thyrotoxic heart disease (0.7%), ischemic heart disease, incomplete echo due to orthopnea, congenital heart disease (0.3%), and normal echo was recorded in (30%).

Conclusion:
HHDx was the most common diagnosis in our study. Other diagnoses include dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease (rheumatic type), cor pulmonale, congestive cardiac failure with varied ejection fractions, and peripartum cardiomyopathies. Congenital heart disease was uncommon.
The mystery of brown shawl over back
Authors: Rambhia Kinjal D. , Hajare Sumit A. , Mukhi Jayesh I. , Singh Rajesh Pratap 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by café-au-lait macules and cutaneous neurofibromas. Café-au-lait spots are sharply defined, light-brown colored homogenous macules observed in more than 90% of cases. Plexiform neurofibromas are benign tumors originating from nerve sheath cells, subcutaneous or visceral peripheral nerves involving multiple fascicles often described on palpation as a bag of worms. We describe a case of 25-year-old male who presented with a giant plexiform neurofibroma underlying a giant café-au-lait macule.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Quercetin-Derivative (amino-flavone) from Centaurea perrottetii DC (Asteraceae)
Authors: Alebiosu Celestina O. Alebiosu , Sule Mohammed , Pateh Umar , Abdullahi Musa , Musa Aliyu , Yusuf Amina 
Published: August 2022

The plant, Centaurea perrottetii DC (Asteraceae) is a herbaceous thistle-like shrub used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, fever, syphilis, ulcer and skin infections. The aim of the study is to isolate and elucidate the structure of compound(s) from C. perrottetii. Quercetin-derivative (an amino-flavone) was isolated from the n-hexane fraction of the methanol extract of the whole plant of Centaurea perrottetii using a combination of silica gel column and gel filtration chromatography. The structure of the compound as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-((1-ethylcyclopropyl)amino)-5,7-dihydroxy-4Hchromen-4-one was established via chemical tests, Ultraviolet (UV), Infrared (IR), 1D- and 2D-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. This is the first report of isolation of this compound from Centaurea perrottetii.
Radiological and Toxicity Impact of Uranium (U-238) in Ground Water to Different Age Groups at Wurno, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Isah Ibrahim , Saidu Aminu , Muhammad Sabiu , Hamza Murtala , Bala Aliyu , Abubakar Usman 
Published: August 2022

One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an adequate supply of safe drinking water. This work aimed to assess the radiological and toxicity impact of ground water of Wurno Local Government Area. Uranium activity concentration from 45 water samples collected from different locations in the study area were determined using HpGe detector, the result from the analysis was used to evaluate the annual effective dose due to ingestion of groundwater from the study area by the inhabitants. Radiological and chemical toxicity risks were also calculated. High level activity was reported in Diggim while low activity level was reported in Nassarawa-Daje. The annual effective doses for adult, children and infants were estimated to be from 0.008 mSvy-1 to 0.32 mSvy-1. The highest risk cancer mortality value was found at Diggim with a value of 4.34 × 10-4 while the lowest value was observed at Nassarawa Daje with a value of 1.17 × 10-5. Chemical toxicity value ranged from 0.59 – 21. 79 µg.kg-1.day-1 with an average dose value of 5.12 µg.kg-1.day-1. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) values were reported to be higher at Diggim and lower at Nassarawa-Daje with the values 21.79 µg.kg-1.day-1 and 0.59 µg.kg-1.day-1 respectively compared with 0.6 µg.kg-1.day-1 WHO limit standard. Significantly, the high activity level, and chemical toxicity risk reported from this study is an indication that the area may have developed some fractures of granitic strata in the subsurface geology that contributed to the wide distribution of radiation dose.
THE USE OF REALIA TO IMPROVE THE SUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMU NEGERI 1 BAJENG, GOWA
Authors: Setiadi Muhammad Astrianto , Firman Firman 
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this research were to find out whether or not the use of Realia improves students’ speaking ability at the eleventh grade of SMU Negeri 1 Bajeng Kab. Gowa. The subjects of this research were the eleventh grade of students SMU Negeri 1 Bajeng Kab. Gowa in the Academic Year of 2017/2018. The number of the subjects was 30 students. This research was a classroom action research. The process of this research was conducted in three stages, including D-Test, cycle I, and cycle II. The data were collected by using observation guide in order to know the events in the classroom during teaching learning process. Besides that, the researcher also used test to get the students’ score, in order to know the improvement of students’ ability in speaking. The data were analyzed by using quantitative analysis. In this research, the researcher used Realia as a medium in teaching. The result of research shows that the use of Realia in teaching speaking can improve students’ speaking ability. It can be seen from the result of students’ average score and responses of the students. The result after getting all of the treatment using Realia, the students’ average score increased in line with the increase of the students’ achievement in each cycle. Before getting the treatment students’ average score was 3.67, and after giving treatment was 7.82, so it increased 4.15 the average score of students in the D-Test was 3.67, first cycle was 5.64, and the second cycle was 7.82. It can be concluded that by using Realia in teaching speaking, teacher can improve students’ ability in speaking
EXPLORING IMPLEMENTATION OF STUDENT’S DIARY AS A LEARNING REFLECTION IN EFL WRITING SKILL
Authors: Wahyuni Irma 
Published: August 2022

This paper is a qualitaive case study regarding one of learning strategies in English as Foreign Language (EFL) writing, literally called “student’s diary”. The students’ diary can be defined as a brief narrative text created by students that might be a brief summary of what they have learnt, teachers’ feedback and evaluation, or even a general impression about their writing process. It aims to naturally encourage students to conduct a comprehensive reflection on their progress in EFL writing through “a diary” in each writing class they have. As what has been perceived among EFL scholars, the use of student’s diary is effective in enhanching student’s interest in writing and it can improve students’ writing as well. The participants of this study are 30 students of EFL classroom in the fourth semester at STKIP Muhammadiyah Bogor who have taken the various writing subjects in their previous semesters. The researcher tried to investigate how the typical of student’s diary for learning reflection is, how the real implementation of student’s diary is conducted in EFL learners’ learning process, and to what extent it can be effective related to the strengths and weaknesses involved in the implementation process. Advisory and suggestion on giving corrective feedback regarding linguistic aspects in students’ writing in the use of student’s diary as well is presented as the implication of this research for further related studies
INVESTIGATING LEXICAL DIVERSITY OF ONLINE ENGLISH NEWSPAPER EDITORIALS ACROSS COUNTRIES
Authors: Indarti Dwi 
Published: August 2022

Online media or digital media is an internet based communication technology to share and to exchange the latest information throughout the world. This study aims to investigate the lexical diversity of editorials section published in English online media from across ten countries; Egypt, UK, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Russia, USA, Pakistan, Singapore and Nigeria. By using a batch mode of web-based interface to the lexical calculation proposed by Laufer and Nation (1995), namely Second Language Lexical Frequency Profile (L2LFP), this paper focused on the production of tokens, types, type-token ratio (TTR) and academic words of ten online English newspaper editorials from two native English countries and eight non-native English countries. The results show that an editorial published in The Today Online newspaper from Singapore consists the highest score of tokens (987), types (431) and academic words (52), but the least score of TTR (0.44). Nevertheless, the highest score of TTR is not produced by The Today Online. The highest score of TTR (0.60) is gained by The Pakistan Today, even though The Pakistan Today only consists 273 tokens, 223 types and 38 academic words. Despite of Laufer and Nation’s (1995) argumentation that native writer has higher TTR’s score than non-native writer, this paper showed different results. The native online newspaper: The Guardian from U.K and The New York Times from USA has TTR’s score of 0.48 and 0.47. Meanwhile, most of non-native online newspapers has higher TTR’s scores.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DI MIN 1 ACEH BARAT TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Risnawati Cut 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar matematika siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Aceh Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2020-2021. Penelitian ini mengunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan metode observasi, pengumpulan data, tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Model Pembelajaran Tematik.dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas II MIN 1 Aceh Barat . Adapun hasilnya, dapat dilihat hasil belajar pada pra siklus siswa yang tuntas hasil belajar sebanyak 15 siswa dari 35 siswa dengan persentase ketuntasan sebanyak 42,85%, kemudian siklus I siswa yang tuntas hasil belajar sebanyak 25 siswa dari 35 siswa dikelas II dengan persentase ketuntasan sebanyak 71,42% dan siklus II siswa yang tuntas hasil belajar sebanyak 35 siswa dikelas II dengan persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar sudah melampui batas pencapaian secara klasikal yaitu 100%.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH TWO STAY TWO STRAY STRATEGY
Authors: Sihite Meida Rabia , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Suri Atika 
Published: August 2022

This study is aimed at improving students’ speaking skill through Two Stay Two Stray Strategy. This study was a classroom action research. The subject of the research was the students of class X MIA-1 at SMA Teladan Sei Rampah consisting of 32 students. The research was conducted in two cycles consisting of three meetings in each. The instruments for collecting data were speaking test, observation sheet, diary notes and questionnaire. Based on the speaking test results, students’ scores kept improving in every test. On the orientation test, the mean score was 39.5. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the first meeting of Cycle I, the mean score was 43. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the second meeting, the mean score was 47.3. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the third meeting, the mean score was 49.36. There were no students gaining score ≥ 75. In the first meeting of Cycle II, the mean score was 57.5. The number of students gaining score ≥ 75 was 5 (15.6%). In the second meeting, the mean score was 72.78. The number of students gaining score ≥ 75 was 20 (62.5%). In the third meeting, the mean score was 82.30. The number of students obtaining score ≥ 75 was 30 (93.75%). Based on the observation sheet, diary notes, and questionnaire, it was revealed the learning process ran well. The students were active and enthusiastic in learning. Thus, Two Stay Two Stray Strategy can improve students’ speaking skill