bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining photoperiod and thermal responses to predict phenological mismatch for introduced insects
Authors: Grevstad Fritzi S. , Wepprich Tyson , Barker Brittany , Coop Leonard B. , Shaw Richard , Bourchier Robert S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA wide variety of organisms use the regular seasonal changes in photoperiod as a cue to align their life cycles with favorable conditions. Yet the phenological consequences of photoperiodism for organisms exposed to new climates are often overlooked. We present a conceptual approach and phenology model that maps voltinism (generations per year) and the degree of phenological mismatch that can arise when organisms with a short‐day diapause response are introduced to new regions or are otherwise exposed to new climates. Our degree‐day‐based model combines continent‐wide spatialized daily climate data, calculated date‐specific and latitude‐specific day lengths, and experimentally determined developmental responses to both photoperiod and temperature. Using the case of the knotweed psyllid Aphalara itadori, a new biological control agent being introduced from Japan to North America and Europe to control an invasive weed, we show how incorporating a short‐day diapause response will result in geographic patterns of attempted voltinism that are strikingly different from the potential number of generations based on degree‐days alone. The difference between the attempted and potential generations represents a quantitative measure of phenological mismatch between diapause timing and the end of the growing season. We conclude that insects moved from lower to higher latitudes (or to cooler climates) will tend to diapause too late, potentially resulting in high mortality from inclement weather, and those moved from higher to lower latitude (to warmer climates) may be prone to diapausing too early, therefore not fully exploiting the growing season and/or suffering from insufficient reserves for the longer duration in diapause. Mapped output reveals a central region with good phenology match that shifts north or south depending on the geographic source of the insect and its corresponding critical photoperiod for diapause. These results have direct relevance for efforts to establish populations of classical biocontrol agents. More generally, our approach and model could be applied to a wide variety of photoperiod‐ and temperature‐sensitive organisms that are exposed to changes in climate, including resident and invasive agricultural pests and species of conservation concern.
Limitations to coral recovery along an environmental stress gradient
Authors: Doropoulos Christopher , Gómez‐Lemos Luis A. , Salee Kinam , McLaughlin M. James , Tebben Jan , Van Koningsveld Mark , Feng Ming , Babcock Russell C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPositive feedbacks driving habitat‐forming species recovery and population growth are often lost as ecosystems degrade. For such systems, identifying mechanisms that limit the re‐establishment of critical positive feedbacks is key to facilitating recovery. Theory predicts the primary drivers limiting system recovery shift from biological to physical as abiotic stress increases, but recent work has demonstrated that this seldom happens. We combined field and laboratory experiments to identify variation in limitations to coral recovery along an environmental stress gradient at Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf in northwest Australia. Many reefs in the region are coral depauperate due to recent cyclones and thermal stress. In general, recovery trajectories are prolonged due to limited coral recruitment. Consistent with theory, clearer water reefs under low thermal stress appear limited by biological interactions: competition with turf algae caused high mortality of newly settled corals and upright macroalgal stands drove mortality in transplanted juvenile corals. Laboratory experiments showed a positive relationship between crustose coralline algae cover and coral settlement, but only in the absence of sedimentation. Contrary to expectation, coral recovery does not appear limited by the survival or growth of recruits on turbid reefs under higher thermal stress, but to exceptionally low larval supply. Laboratory experiments showed that larval survival and settlement are unaffected by seawater quality across the study region. Rather, connectivity models predicted that many of the more turbid reefs in the Gulf are predominantly self seeded, receiving limited supply under degraded reef states. Overall, we find that the influence of oceanography can overwhelm the influences of physical and biological interactions on recovery potential at locations where environmental stressors are high, whereas populations in relatively benign physical conditions are predominantly structured by local ecological drivers. Such context‐dependent information can help guide expectations and assist managers in optimizing strategies for spatial conservation planning for system recovery.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pandey Arjun K. , Dhingra Nitish K. , Hibino Makoto , Gupta Vijay , Verma Subodh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to be an effective therapy in improving heart failure outcomes. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients with either a reduced or preserved ejection fraction.Methods and resultsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for large (≥1000 patients) randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo in the setting of heart failure until September 2021. Our primary outcome was the composite of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, and secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality and total heart failure hospitalizations. We pooled hazard ratios and risk ratios and evaluated risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Four randomized controlled trials (DAPA HF, EMPEROR‐Preserved, EMPEROR‐Reduced, and SOLOIST‐WHF) were included (n = 15 684); two of which evaluated patients with a reduced LVEF, one of which evaluated patients with a preserved LVEF, and one of which included both. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in the composite of CV death and heart failure hospitalization (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.82, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001). This was consistent in sub‐groups of patients with LVEF ≤40% (n = 9199, HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.81, I2: 0%) and LVEF >40% (n = 6482, HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.89, I2: 0%, P‐for‐interaction: 0.57), as well as in sub‐groups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus at baseline (P‐for‐interaction: 0.81). SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular death (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.97, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001) and total heart failure hospitalization (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.76, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001); although a potential trend towards reduced all‐cause mortality was noted with SGLT2 inhibitors, no statistically significant difference was observed (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.00, I2: 14%, P = 0.05).ConclusionsSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization among patients with heart failure, regardless of LVEF status.
Empirical fragility assessment of adobe and rammed earth walls subjected to seismic actions
Authors: Rincon Raul , Reyes Juan C. , Carrillo Julian , Clavijo‐Tocasuchyl Alejandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn many Latin American countries, most constructions from the colonial period were built in earth masonry. During past earthquakes, some of these buildings collapsed even with moderate magnitude events resulting in significant loss of human lives. Nevertheless, empirical fragility functions at the component level (FFs) for these structures have not been comprehensively investigated in the literature. This paper presents the probabilistic characterization of the uncertain damage sustained by earthen vertical wall segments subjected to seismic actions. Drift‐based FFs are constructed for in‐plane (IP) actions using 48 test results from previous studies. Three damage states, corresponding to cracking, extensive cracking, and collapse, are proposed for this loading direction. Only the collapse state is analyzed for out‐of‐plane (OOP) forces and a total of 26 experimental results comprise the database for this case; peak ground acceleration is selected to represent the intensity measure for OOP demands. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests aided to confirm that, for in‐plane demands, the compressive strength is one of the most influential parameters for the cracking limit state. ANOVA tests also helped to identify that only the slenderness and boundary conditions seem to have a slight influence in the FFs for the OOP demands. Finally, the derived FFs were used to recommend drift and acceleration‐based limit states for earthquake‐resistant assessment of earthen components. The developed fragility functions may be used to predict the probability of occurrence of a certain damage state at a component level which can be used in risk and resilience assessments of vernacular buildings.
Complex fluid flow in annular space under the effects of mixed convection and rotating wall of the outer enclosure
Authors: Laidoudi Houssem , Ameur Houari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the roles of pertinent parameters on the mixed convection of complex liquids in annular devices. The investigated area consists of two circular cylinders with fixed and heat walls. Both cylinders are enclosed within a circular room with a cold wall and rotate regularly. The zone between the inner obstacles and the outer space contains complex power‐law fluids. This investigation is numerically achieved by using the package ANSYS‐CFX, which is based on the finite‐volume method. The parameters studied in this study are the arrangement and size of inner tubes (d/D), the rotational speed of outer space, the rheological nature of fluids (n), and the relative concentration of thermal buoyancy force. These pertinent parameters were quantitatively expressed for the following values:d/D(= 0.1, 0.25, and 0.45); Reynolds number (Re = 1 to 20); flow behavior index (n = 0.6, 1 and 1.6); Richardson number (Ri = 0 to 100), respectively. It was found that increasing the thermal buoyancy value and the rotational speed of the outer container increases the rate of heat transfer of the cylinders in the vertical and horizontal arrangement. For example, for shear‐thinning fluid (n = 0.6), raising the value ofRifrom 0 to 100 increasesNuby 59.67% ford/D = 0.1. Also, the arrangement of the two cylinders differently affects the dynamic behavior of the fluid within the studied space.
Towards Model‐based HSI Engineering: A Universal HSI Model for Utility Optimization
Authors: Harel Avi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article targets designers of tools for developing utility‐critical systems, including safety‐critical, usability‐critical, and productivity‐critical systems, as well as consumer products. Analyses of operational failure case studies indicate that many of them are due to insufficient support for coping with operational complexity. Operational complexity may be defined in terms of exceptional situations. Prior studies indicate the feasibility of reducing the operational complexity by merging theories from various domains with practices employed in various industries. The article presents a semi‐quantitative study of a universal HSI model, consisting of seven layers of generic mini models (GMM) used to cope with exceptions. Following the APA guidelines, the paper has four sections: introduction, method, results, and discussion.
Zinc deficiency and supplementation in autism spectrum disorder andPhelan‐McDermidsyndrome
Authors: Alsufiani Hadeil M. , Alkhanbashi Alaa S. , Laswad Norah A. Bin , Bakhadher Khulood K. , Alghamdi Shareefa A. , Tayeb Haythum O. , Tarazi Frank I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApproximately 1 in 36 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The disorder is four times more common in males than in females. Zinc deficiency and mutations inSHANK2andSHANK3(members of a family of excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding proteins) are all risk factors that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. The presence of shankopathies (loss of one copy of theSHANK3gene) can lead to the development of Phelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMDS)—a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, poor motor tone, and ASD‐like symptoms. We reviewed the relationship between zinc, ASD, and PMDS as well as the effect of zinc supplementation in improving symptoms of ASD and PMDS based on 22 studies published within 6 years (2015–2020). Zinc deficiency (assessed by either dietary intake, blood, hair, or tooth matrix) was shown to be highly prevalent in ASD and PMDS patients as well as in preclinical models of ASD and PMDS. Zinc supplements improved the behavioral deficits in animal models of ASD and PMDS. Clinical trials are still needed to validate the beneficial therapeutic effects of zinc supplements in ASD and PMDS patients.
Optimal control and approximate controllability for fractional integrodifferential evolution equations with infinite delay of order r∈(1,2)
Authors: Mohan Raja Marimuthu , Vijayakumar Velusamy , Shukla Anurag , Sooppy Nisar Kottakkaran , Sakthivel Natarajan , Kaliraj Kalimuthu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the issue of optimal control and approximate controllability results for fractional integrodifferential evolution equations with infinite delay of in Banach space. In the beginning, we analyze approximate controllability results for fractional integrodifferential evolution equations using the fractional calculations, cosine families, and Banach fixed point theorem. After, we developed the continuous dependence of the fractional integrodifferential evolution equations by using the Henry–Gronwall inequality. Furthermore, we tested the existence of optimal controls for the Lagrange problem. Lastly, an application is presented to illustrate the theory of the main results.
Plasma‐driven biocatalysis: In situ hydrogen peroxide production with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet increases the performance of OleTJE when compared to adding the same molar amount of hydrogen peroxide in bolus
Authors: Wapshott‐Stehli Hannah L. , Myers Brayden G. , Herrera Quesada María J. , Grunden Amy , Stapelmann Katharina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnzymes like fatty acid peroxygenase OleTJE are desirable enzymes for the industry. While they require inexpensive hydrogen peroxide for activity, the same hydrogen peroxide also causes overoxidation of their reactive heme center. Here, we generate hydrogen peroxide slowly in situ using the Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)‐Jet, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, to avoid overoxidizing OleTJE. The COST‐Jet was operated in helium with a water admixture to provide hydrogen peroxide for OleTJE activity. This helium/water admixture produced the highest enzyme turnover numbers after 2 min of treatment. These turnover numbers were even superior to using an equimolar amount of hydrogen peroxide to treat the enzymes exogenously, showing that this plasma source can provide a reliable amount of reaction mediator to support OleTJE activity.
Food insecurity and mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic in cystic fibrosis households
Authors: Lim Janet T. , Ly Ngoc P. , Willen Shaina M. , Iwanaga Kensho , Gibb Elizabeth R. , Chan Marilynn , Church Gwynne D. , Neemuchwala Fatima , McGarry Meghan E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic impacted many households due to shelter‐in‐place orders and economic hardship. People with cystic fibrosis (CF) experienced increased food insecurity compared to the general population before the pandemic, even though adequate food access is needed to maintain nutrition goals associated with improved health‐related outcomes. Little is known about the impact the pandemic had on the food insecurity of people with CF and their families.ObjectiveTo investigate how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted food insecurity, mental health, and self‐care in people with CF.MethodsAdults with CF and parents/guardians of children with CF were recruited via social media to complete online questionnaires from May 2020 to February 2021. Questionnaires in English and Spanish included USDA 2‐question food insecurity screening, Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 for mental health screening, and directed questions on the impact of the pandemic.ResultsOf 372 respondents, 21.8% of the households experienced food insecurity during the pandemic compared to 18.8% prepandemic (p < .001). More food insecure patients with CF reported weight loss (32.1% vs. 13.1%, p < .001), worse airway clearance adherence (13.6% vs. 5.8%, p < .01), and worse medication adherence (12.4% vs. 1.7%, p < .01) compared to food secure patients. Food insecure subjects were more likely to have an abnormal mental health screen compared to food secure subjects (53.1% vs. 16.2%, p < .001).ConclusionFood insecurity increased in the CF population during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Food insecure subjects reported worse mental health and self‐care during the pandemic compared to food secure subjects.
Learning from accidents: Nontechnical skills deficiency in the European process industry
Authors: Tusher Hasan Mahbub , Nazir Salman , Mallam Steven , Rusli Risza , Botnmark Anne Kari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSafety‐critical industries have long been subjected to extensive research and development to enhance operator performance to improve their efficiency. From a human factors perspective, much of the work in process industries is related to either enhancing technical training of operators or related to improving the physical ergonomics of hazardous workplaces. The importance of Nontechnical Skills (NTS) in the process industries have traditionally been less emphasized, while other domains (e.g., aviation, healthcare) have led the development of investigating and improving NTS for the sharp‐end operators. This study aims to investigate the association of NTS deficiencies to the major accidents from the past 5 years in the process industries within the European Union by analyzing the accident reports from The Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) database. The accident analysis results reveal potential NTS deficiencies in 27% (17 out of 64) of the cases involving the lack of situational awareness, decision making, problem‐solving, communication, leadership, and time management issues. Based on the results of the analysis, a few implications, as well as future research directions, are proposed, which could facilitate the stakeholders in addressing NTS deficiencies of European process industry operators.
Stochastic parametrization: An alternative to inflation in ensemble Kalman filters
Authors: Dufée Benjamin , Mémin Etienne , Crisan Dan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the application of a stochastic dynamical model in ensemble Kalman filter methods. Ensemble Kalman filters are very popular in data assimilation because of their ability to handle the filtering of high‐dimensional systems with reasonably small ensembles (especially when they are accompanied with so‐called localization techniques). The stochastic framework presented here relies on location uncertainty principles that model the effects of the model errors on the large‐scale flow components. The experiments carried out on the surface quasi‐geostrophic model with the localized square‐root filter demonstrate two significant improvements compared with the deterministic framework. First, as the uncertainty is a priori built into the model through the stochastic parametrization, there is no need for ad hoc variance inflation or perturbation of the initial condition. Second, it yields better mean‐square‐error results than the deterministic ones.
Analysis of executional and procedural errors in dry‐lab robotic surgery experiments
Authors: Hutchinson Kay , Li Zongyu , Cantrell Leigh A. , Schenkman Noah S. , Alemzadeh Homa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnalysing kinematic and video data can help identify potentially erroneous motions that lead to sub‐optimal surgeon performance and safety‐critical events in robot‐assisted surgery.MethodsWe develop a rubric for identifying task and gesture‐specific executional and procedural errors and evaluate dry‐lab demonstrations of suturing and needle passing tasks from the JIGSAWS dataset. We characterise erroneous parts of demonstrations by labelling video data, and use distribution similarity analysis and trajectory averaging on kinematic data to identify parameters that distinguish erroneous gestures.ResultsExecutional error frequency varies by task and gesture, and correlates with skill level. Some predominant error modes in each gesture are distinguishable by analysing error‐specific kinematic parameters. Procedural errors could lead to lower performance scores and increased demonstration times but also depend on surgical style.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into context‐dependent errors that can be used to design automated error detection mechanisms and improve training and skill assessment.
Biomass‐Derived Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites: A Futuristic Material for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Blessy Rebecca P. N. , Durgalakshmi D. , Balakumar S. , Rakkesh R. Ajay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvanced research in the field of material science and biomedicine leads to the development of materials that are efficient and cost‐effective. Graphene has been a widely studied material in recent years and graphene‐based materials exhibit exceptional properties that can be used for applications ranging from biomedical to electronics. In biomedical field, graphene‐based materials are employed in drug delivery, sensing, bioimaging and tissue engineering. However, the production of graphene from graphite and chemical precursors has certain drawbacks such as toxicity, expensive, complex fabrication process, etc. To overcome these, biomass have become a new source for graphene materials. Different types of biomass sources and various preparation methods for graphene‐based materials were reviewed. Here, the applications of biomass derived graphene‐based materials in biomedical field were discussed.
Sonographic anatomy and imaging of the dorsal supportive ligaments of the Chopart joint complex
Authors: Fenech Michelle , Wylie Bridie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnkle sprains are common. Midfoot ligaments, particularly the dorsal ligaments of the Chopart joint complex, can be injured in combination with other ankle and foot injuries via an ankle sprain, but are clinically difficult to detect. The prevalence of injury to dorsal midfoot ligaments may be underreported as they can be overlooked, underappreciated, and underdiagnosed. Symptoms can include chronic pain, long‐term functional limitations, and physical disability due to lack of timely management. Sonographic assessment of the ankle and foot following an ankle sprain should include assessment of the dorsal midfoot ligaments. This paper will provide a description of the sonographic anatomy, appearances, and assessment of the dorsal ligaments of the Chopart joint complex. Early diagnosis of injury can allow for appropriate management and treatment.