bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mittelpersisch rōzag ‘Fasten’
Authors: Santos Diego M. , Albino Marcos 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we propose to explain Middle Persian rōzag ‘fasting’ as a decompositional formation from dō-rōz=ag ‘(fasting ritual) of two days’. It is neither possible – we argue – to explain rōzag as a formation with the sufffix*-(a)ka- from the primary word rōz ‘day’ nor °rōzag-compounds as compounds with rōzag ‘fasting’ as a second member. We discuss °rōzag-compounds generally. We postulate, for instance, that Parthian bēmrōzag does not mean ‘fasting day of the Bema’ but ‘commemoration of the Bema’. At the end, we put up for discussion that there may be other suchlike decompositional words in Iranian languages, for instance paT zanag ‘kind’. Key Biblical quotations are identified in M 2 (Mk 9.29) and M 16 supporting our translations.
(At the end of this article, there is a list of the formations, words and passages that we discuss.)
Nonprecipitating Shallow Cumulus Convection Is Intrinsically Unstable to Length Scale Growth
Authors: Janssens Martin , de Arellano Jordi Vilà-Guerau , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , de Roode Stephan R. , Siebesma A. Pier , Glassmeier Franziska 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Condensation in cumulus clouds plays a key role in structuring the mean, nonprecipitating trade wind boundary layer. Here, we summarize how this role also explains the spontaneous growth of mesoscale [>O(10) km] fluctuations in clouds and moisture around the mean state in a minimal-physics, large-eddy simulation of the undisturbed period during BOMEX on a large [O(100) km] domain. Small, spatial anomalies in condensation in cumulus clouds, which form on top of small moisture fluctuations, power circulations that transport moisture, but not heat, from dry to moist regions, and thus reinforce the condensation anomaly. We frame this positive feedback as a linear instability in mesoscale moisture fluctuations, whose time scale depends only on (i) a vertical velocity scale and (ii) the mean environment’s vertical structure. In our minimal-physics setting, we show both ingredients are provided by the shallow cumulus convection itself: it is intrinsically unstable to length scale growth. The upshot is that energy released by clouds at kilometer scales may play a more profound and direct role in shaping the mesoscale trade wind environment than is generally appreciated, motivating further research into the mechanism’s relevance.
Quantifying the Role of Internal Climate Variability and Its Translation from Climate Variables to Hydropower Production at Basin Scale in India
Authors: Upadhyay Divya , Dixit Sudhanshu , Bhatia Udit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantifying uncertainties in estimating future hydropower production directly or indirectly affects India’s energy security, planning, and management. The chaotic and nonlinear nature of atmospheric processes results in considerable internal climate variability (ICV) for future projections of climate variables. Multiple initial condition ensembles (MICE) and multimodel ensembles (MME) are often used to analyze the role of ICV and model uncertainty in precipitation and temperature. However, there are limited studies focusing on quantifying the role of internal variability on impact variables, including hydropower production. In this study, we analyze the role of ICV and model uncertainty on three prominent hydropower plants in India using MICE of EC-Earth3 and MME from CMIP6. We estimate the streamflow projections for all ensemble members using the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrological model. We estimate maximum hydropower production generated using monthly release and hydraulic head available at the reservoir. We also analyzed the role of bias correction in hydropower production. The results show that ICV plays a significant role in estimating streamflow and hydropower potential for monsoon and throughout the year, respectively. Model uncertainty contributes more to total uncertainty than ICV in estimating the streamflow and potential hydropower. However, ICV is increasing toward the far term (2075–2100). We also show that bias correction does not preserve ICV in estimating the streamflow. Although there is an increase in uncertainty for estimated streamflow, mean hydropower shows a decrease toward the far term for February–May, more prominent for MICE than MME. The results suggest a need to incorporate uncertainty due to internal variability for addressing power security in changing climate scenarios.
U.S. Hegemony in Latin America during an Age of Challenges: The Perception of Threats by the U.S Southern Command
Authors: Peres Milani Lívia 
Published: December 2022

U.S. hegemony in Latin America is being challenged by the economic presence of foreign powers, such as China, in the region. Much of the literature that discusses this phenomenon deals with the economic and political dimensions of Chinese expansion and the U.S. reaction. Another aspect of this phenomenon is the effects of these changes on the way threats are perceived by U.S. military personnel operating in Latin America. An analysis of declassified documents produced by U.S. Southern Command during the Trump and Biden administrations identifies the threats and challenges perceived by military officials during these two administrations. A hegemonia estadunidense na América Latina vem sendo contestada em razão dos desafios representados pela presença econômica de potências estrangeiras, como a China, na região. Grande parte da literatura que discute este fenômeno tem analisado as dimensões econômicas e políticas da expansão chinesa e as reações estadounidenses. Outro aspecto desse fenômeno são os efeitos destas mudanças na maneira como as ameaças são percibidas pelos militares estadunidenses que operam na América Latina. uma análise dos documentos desclassificados produzidos pelo U.S Southern Command (Comando Sul) durante os governos Trump e Biden, identificando os desafios e ameaças que foram percebidos pelos militares durante estes dois governos.
Risk of recurrent thromboembolic events according to treatment duration in patients with superficial vein thrombosis treated with intermediate dose of tinzaparin
Authors: Karathanos Christos , Kakkos Stavros K , Georgiadis Georgios , Ioannou Christos , Vasdekis Spyros , Chatzis Dimitrios , Latzios Panagiotis , Giannoukas Athanasios D ,   On Behalf of the SeVEN Collaborators
Published: December 2022

Objectives To evaluate the risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence at 3 months in relation to treatment duration, according to baseline risk factor profiles, in patients with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) treated with intermediate dose of tinzaparin. Methods We performed a pooled analysis on individual data from two prospective studies designed to assess the efficacy and safety of tinzaparin in intermediate dose (131 IU/kg) in patients with SVT. Treatment duration was at the treating physician’s discretion. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months. Results A total of 956 patients (65% female, mean age 58.7 ± 13.7 years) were included. The median treatment duration was 30 days (range, 3–200 days). History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), location of SVT above the knee, and palpable induration were the only independent factors associated with prolonged treatment duration. During follow-up, 95.9% of patients were event free. Outcomes-related adverse events occurred in 39 (4.1%) patients and their median duration of treatment was 33 days (range, 7–200 days). Recurrent VTE events occurred in 33 patients, including 22 cases of SVT recurrence, 8 cases of DVT, and 1 case of pulmonary embolism. The median time to the event was 29 (6–113) days. Recurrent thromboembolic events were not related to treatment duration as occurred in 17 patients (51.5%) treated up to 30 days and in 16 patients (48.8%) received prolong treatment ( p = .46). Length of thrombus at the index event was significantly associated with higher risk for VTE recurrence. Conclusions Intermediate dose of tinzaparin for 30 days is an effective and safe treatment for SVT. The risk of recurrent VTE events may be higher in patients with greater amount of thrombus at index event.
Role and response of primary healthcare services in community end-of-life care during COVID-19: Qualitative study and recommendations for primary palliative care delivery
Authors: Turner Nicola , Wahid Aysha , Oliver Phillip , Gardiner Clare , Chapman Helen , Khan (PPI co-author) Dena , Boyd Kirsty , Dale Jeremy , Barclay Stephen , Mayland Catriona R , Mitchell Sarah J 
Published: December 2022

Background: The need for end-of-life care in the community increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary care services, including general practitioners and community nurses, had a critical role in providing such care, rapidly changing their working practices to meet demand. Little is known about primary care responses to a major change in place of care towards the end of life, or the implications for future end-of-life care services. Aim: To gather general practitioner and community nurse perspectives on factors that facilitated community end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to use this to develop recommendations to improve future delivery of end-of-life care. Design: Qualitative interview study with thematic analysis, followed by refinement of themes and recommendations in consultation with an expert advisory group. Participants: General practitioners ( n = 8) and community nurses ( n = 17) working in primary care in the UK. Results: General practitioner and community nurse perspectives on factors critical to sustaining community end-of-life care were identified under three themes: (1) partnership working is key, (2) care planning for end-of-life needs improvement, and (3) importance of the physical presence of primary care professionals. Drawing on participants’ experiences and behaviour change theory, recommendations are proposed to improve end-of-life care in primary care. Conclusions: To sustain and embed positive change, an increased policy focus on primary care in end-of-life care is required. Targeted interventions developed during COVID-19, including online team meetings and education, new prescribing systems and unified guidance, could increase capacity and capability of the primary care workforce to deliver community end-of-life care.
Qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement associated with unstable intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Guizhi , Luo Ning , Deng Yuhui 
Published: December 2022

Background Unstable intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are more likely to rupture and cause serious consequences. Evaluating the stability of unruptured aneurysms facilitates clinical management stratification. Purpose To compare and evaluate the predictive performance of qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement (aneurysmal wall enhancement [AWE], circumferential aneurysmal wall enhancement [CAWE], wall enhancement ratio [WER]) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the vessel wall to predict the presence of UIA. Material and Methods Original articles describing the depiction of aneurysmal wall enhancement on 3.0-T or 1.5-T high-resolution vessel wall imaging were retrieved from the Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases up to 15 February 2022. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated, and meta-regression analysis was performed. Results In total, 12 original articles involving 1619 intracranial aneurysms (IAs) were included. The combined sensitivity and specificity of AWE, CAWE, and WER were 91% and 67%, 59% and 83%, and 86% and 75%, respectively, in the diagnosis of UIA. The summary AUC values of these items were, in order from high to low, 0.88 (WER), 0.84 (AWE), and 0.77 (CAWE), and the differences among them were significant ( z = 2.976, P = 0.003 and z = 2.950, P = 0.003). The meta-regression analysis identified average size and 2D/3D magnetic imaging technology as possible sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion Qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement showed moderate accuracy in predicting UIA, and WER had the highest accuracy among them in this meta-analysis. Two covariates were found to explain the heterogeneity.
Comparative exergetic sustainability analysis of subcritical and supercritical organic Rankine cycle plants for a waste heat recovery application
Authors: Oyekale Joseph , Okewale Akindele 
Published: December 2022

This study was aimed at comparing the exergetic sustainability and exergoenvironmental performance of subcritical (SUBORC) and supercritical (SUPERORC) organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants for waste heat recovery from a marine vessel engine. A liquid-gas shell-and-tube heat exchanger was employed to recover the engine exhaust gases’ thermal energy. The hot exhaust gases flowing through the gas side heat the Therminol 66 heat transfer fluid employed on the liquid side, which in turn heats the ORC working fluid (R600a). Zero-dimensional mass, energy, and exergy balance equations defined by the Laws of Thermodynamics were implemented in MATLAB for the design of the two ORC configurations. Results showed that the evaporator and the preheater are the most sustainable components with exergetic sustainability index (ESI) values of 7.7 and 39.4 for the SUBORC and the SUPERORC, respectively. Additionally, the condenser was obtained in both cases with the worst environmental performance with exergoenvironmental impact of electricity (EIE) values of 12 and 13 eco-indicator points per 1 MW of electricity produced by the SUBORC and the SUPERORC, respectively. Moreover, results showed that a switch from the SUBORC to the SUPERORC would have an insignificant effect on the ESI at the system level; it would reduce the recoverability ratio by about 4%, from about 0.47 in the SUBORC to around 0.45 in the SUPERORC; and it would reduce the EIE by 1.4 Pt/MW. In sum, a supercritical ORC system would exhibit better exergetic environmental sustainability than a subcritical one for waste heat recovery from a marine vessel engine.
Pulmonary involvement: A potential independent factor for quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Osman Haidy M , Abdel-Nasser Ahmed M , Kasem Ahmed H , Elameen Nadia F , Omar Gihan M 
Published: December 2022

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-systemic autoimmune disease. SLE patients may experience a wide range of physical, psychological, and social perception of well-being influenced by the patient illness that are not always fully captured by descriptions of the disease’s physiological consequences alone. Nowadays, patients with SLE have a better survival than decades ago, nevertheless still experience a low health related quality of life (HRQoL). Assessing disease activity in SLE is crucial to the physician as it forms the basis for treatment decisions, moreover careful evaluation for respiratory involvement should be routinely considered. More chronic lung disease related to SLE can have a significant negative effect on patient well-being and physical performance status and are detrimental to quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life changes in SLE patients using Lupus QoL scale, assessing their correlation with different disease aspects particularly pulmonary manifestations and predictors for worse QoL. Materials and methods Total of 60 SLE patients, who fulfilled the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria, were enrolled in this study. Disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) and quality of life was assessed by Lupus QoL. Pulmonary evaluation included pulmonary function tests parameters (PFTs), mMRC dyspnea scale, HRCT score, and pulmonary damage index. Results Lupus QoL had a strong significant correlations with PFTs FEV1, FVC, and DLCO (r = 0.79, 0.78, 0.76, p < .001), respectively}, while Lupus QoL had strong negative correlations with both mMRC dyspnea scale and HRCT score (r = −0.96, −0.85, p < .001), respectively, and moderate negative correlation with neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) (r = −0.61, p < .001). Weak negative correlations were found between Lupus QoL, photosensitivity, alopecia, Raynaud’s and renal affection (r = −0.29, −0.30, −0.30, 0.38, p = .03, .02, .02, .002), respectively. NPSLE and pulmonary involvement were the most consistent predictors of low HRQoL [contributing 36% and 18% of the variance of Lupus QoL], respectively. Conclusion Lupus QoL is negatively correlated with different SLE clinical parameters particularly pulmonary manifestations. Neuropsychiatric, pulmonary, renal affection, and SLEDAI are the best determinants for worse Lupus QoL.
Evaluation of consultation liaison psychiatry in Australian public hospitals (AU-CLS-1)
Authors: Flavel Mary-Jo , Holmes Alex , Ellen Steve , Khanna Rahul 
Published: December 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine whether consultation liaison psychiatric service (CLS) staffing within Australian public hospitals meet national and international minimum staffing standards. Method Semi structured interviews were conducted with CLS Directors across Australia from August to December 2021. Data were collected on demographics, staffing, funding, hospital size and admissions. Results The majority of services did not meet minimum standards for CLS staffing. Non-medical staff outnumbered medical staff with increasing rurality. Psych-oncology CLS had the greatest resources, skill mix and service breadth. Conclusion Although CLS are heterogeneous, most services are inadequately resourced to provide baseline specialist mental health care in Australian hospitals. Establishing national minimum standards for CLS staffing will facilitate uniform service development and quality care provision.
Screening for Physical Activity Levels in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery: An Observational Study
Authors: Magno Stefano , Rossi Maria Maddalena , Filippone Alessio , Rossi Cristina , Guarino Donatella , Maggiore Claudia , Di Micco Annalisa , Dilucca Maddalena , Masetti Riccardo 
Published: December 2022

Background: Physical activity (PA) can play a role in lowering the risk of breast cancer (BC), but also in reducing perioperative complications and treatments related side effects, improving the quality of life and decreasing mortality in BC survivors. PA and nutritional screening are not offered to patients after cancer diagnosis as standard of care, even in high quality breast units. Methods: From February 2019 to March 2020, we performed a preoperative physical and nutritional screening in 504 consecutive BC patients waiting for surgery. The screening included an IPAQ questionnaire to evaluate the level of physical activity; nutritional screening with measurement of anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist and hips circumference, BMI, and waist hip ratio) and evaluation of body composition using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Results: The majority of patients in our series resulted physically inactive: clustering the IPAQ scores, 47% of patients proved to be physically inactive (MET score <700), 34% moderately active (MET score 700-2520), and only 19% physically active (MET score > 2520). In addition, approximately half of the patients (49.01%) resulted overweight or obese, and more than half (55.2%) had a percentage of fatty tissue over the recommended cut off for adult women. Conclusions: Our data confirm that assessment of PA levels should become part of the standard preoperative evaluation of BC patients and behavioral interventions should be offered to them, in order to pre-habilitate for surgery and improve outcomes. IPAQ Questionnaire and body composition analysis could be quick and easy screening tools in order to identify which patients may need more support in being active during and after anticancer treatments.
Anti-inflammatory effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid on β-amyloid treated human microglial cells
Authors: Sanjay  , Kim Jae Young 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that abolishes cognitive and analytical abilities to perform basic day-to-day tasks. Microglia are involved in AD-associated neuroinflammation in response to amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ). This study focused on observing the immunomodulatory effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-Cis-RA) the active metabolite of vitamin A, on Aβ-treated human microglial HMO6 cells. Methods: HMO6 cells were treated with Aβ42 in the absence or presence of 9-cis-RA, and the expression of M1-and M2-associated molecules, Toll like receptors (TLRs), and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) were examined. Results: The levels of M1-markers [cluster of differentiation (CD86) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] and -cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β], inflammatory receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), and reactive oxygen species increased significantly in Aβ-treated HMO6 cells. In contrast, the levels of M2-markers (CD206 and arginase-1) and -cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 17) the anti-inflammatory receptor TLR10 was significantly suppressed. However, 9-cis-RA treatment reversed the Aβ-induced upregulation of expression of M1-associated molecules and upregulated the expression of M2-associated molecules. Moreover, 9-cis-RA treatment augmented Aβ uptake by HMO6 cells, possibly by increasing the cell surface protein levels of TREM2, which is a receptor of Aβ that promotes Aβ phagocytosis by microglia. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 9-cis-RA is a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
Risk factors related to early neurological deterioration in lacunar stroke and its influence on functional outcome
Authors: Tan Changhong , Zhao Lili , Dai Chengcheng , Liang Yi , Liu Hang , Zhong Yuke , Liu Guohui , Mo Lijuan , Den Fen , Liu Xi , Chen Lifen 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To identify risk factors for early neurological deterioration (END) in acute lacunar stroke patients and its influence on functional outcome. Methods: Consecutive acute lacunar stroke patients defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2018 and June 2020 were included in the study. END was defined as any persisting increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ⩾ 2 points post admission, and favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2 at discharge. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors related to END, as well as the influence of END on functional outcome. Results: Among a total of 638 lacunar stroke patients (420 males (65.8%), median age 66 years (interquartile range (IQR): 56–74)), 108 (16.9%) developed END, and 94.4% (102/108) of the END occurred within 72 h post admission. Admission NIHSS score (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.132, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.046–1.225, p = 0.002), female (aOR 2.752, 95% CI 1.277–5.933, p = 0.010), admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) (160–179 mm Hg) (aOR 9.395, 95% CI 4.310–20.479, p < 0.001) and admission SBP (⩾180 mm Hg) (aOR 16.030, 95% CI 5.991–42.891, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with END. Delay time from onset to admission (aOR 0.995, 95% CI 0.990–1.000, p = 0.031), SBP dropping (⩾20 mm Hg) within 3 days or when END occurred (aOR 0.037, 95% CI 0.016–0.086, p < 0.001) and thalamic lacunar infarction (aOR 0.098, 95% CI 0.012–0.827, p = 0.033) were inversely associated with END. END (aOR 12.374, 95% CI 6.881–22.254, p < 0.001) and higher admission NIHSS score (aOR 1.488, 95% CI 1.359–1.629, p < 0.001) predicted unfavorable outcome at discharge. Conclusion: END in lacunar stroke patients is common and is associated with unfavorable outcome. Admission high SBP is a potentially modifiable risk factor for prevention of END, but this needs further investigation.