bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Rise and Puzzling Fall of the Swedish Educational System
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Wennström Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractForeign observers of Sweden have attributed the country’s socially inclusive economic growth, which was sustained during nearly one hundred years, to the expansion of the Social Democratic welfare state. However, this analysis overlooks the fundamental causes of Sweden’s economic takeoff. The crucial feature that Sweden exhibited was its uniquely large and evenly distributed stock of human capital. A widespread appreciation for learning and the development of education from the 1600s onwards were the key drivers of the strong development. Against this background, the decline of the Swedish educational system should be cause for serious concern about the country’s future. The chapter provides a summary of the problems regarding schooling in Sweden and presents our view of their causes. The origin of Sweden’s academic decline is mainly attributable to a phenomenon that we refer to as “post-truth” schooling—education based on a postmodern social constructivist view of knowledge.
The Silver Age of Swedish Education
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Wennström Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has never been a golden age in Swedish education. However, there was a “silver age” that began approximately in the second half of the nineteenth century and ended around 1960. The chapter outlines this history. It demonstrates that the established view of the previous school system is deeply misleading. In fact, an increasing share of young cohorts were offered excellent educational opportunities. After World War I, a truly national curriculum was introduced that imparted relevant knowledge and skills to students based on the principles of teacher-led presentation, repetition, and practice, and by matching the sequence of topics to each student’s maturity and prior knowledge. A key element in the modernization of the educational system was the state’s preoccupation with ensuring that highly qualified and motivated persons were attracted to the teaching profession.
The Rise of “Post-Truth” Schooling
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Wennström Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chapter describes the evolution of the view of knowledge in the Swedish school system. It begins in the immediate postwar years and ends in the mid-1990s with a discussion of the radical national curriculum enacted in 1994. This curriculum consolidated the paradigm of “post-truth” schooling. It expresses, explicitly or implicitly, many of the notions that are emblematic of the postmodern social constructivist view of knowledge. It suggests that there are no objectively established facts and that what is legitimized as knowledge is a product of social and historical forces. Moreover, the curriculum recommended mixing academic subjects, incorporating “deconstruction” into schoolwork, and giving students the major responsibility for the content of their education. The chapter demonstrates that the school system of Nazi Germany was grossly misinterpreted in Sweden to justify a view that the teaching of knowledge could potentially be subversive to democracy.
The Deinstitutionalization and Fragmentation of the Swedish School System
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Wennström Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chapter shows how the educational trend of “post-truth” schooling continued in Sweden into the twenty-first century. It offers a close reading of the national curriculum that was in force at the time of writing (in 2021). The chapter also discusses how the Swedish school system in just a few years went from being very strictly regulated to being the polar opposite. These changes included a radical marketization of primary and secondary schooling that is unparalleled in any wealthy Western country. The chapter analyzes the school choice market in Sweden and describes how it interacts with postmodern social constructivist ideas, to the detriment of the teaching of knowledge in a classical sense.
The Way Forward for Sweden and Other Western Countries
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Wennström Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn many Western countries, school systems are in deep crisis. Average results are disappointing, differences across schools and neighborhoods are increasing, and a student’s family background and gender have become more decisive for how well he or she fares. The chapter provides some reflections on the way forward for Sweden and Western education in general. It suggests that a reform strategy involving a paradigm shift in what is arguably the most crucial institution of the school system—the stipulated view of truth and knowledge—has the potential to yield radical improvement.
D4-branes wrapped on a spindle
Authors: Faedo Federico , Martelli Dario 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We construct supersymmetric "Image missing"solutions of D = 6 gauged supergravity, where "Image missing" is a two-dimensional orbifold known as a spindle. These uplift to solutions of massive type IIA supergravity using a general prescription, that we describe. We argue that these solutions correspond to the near-horizon limit of a system of Nf D8-branes, together with N D4-branes wrapped on a spindle, embedded as a holomorphic curve inside a Calabi-Yau three-fold. The dual field theories are d = 3, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs that arise from a twisted compactification of the d = 5, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 USp(2N) gauge theory. We show that the holographic free energy associated to these solutions is reproduced by extremizing an off- shell free energy, that we conjecture to arise in the large N limit of the localized partition function of the d = 5 theories on "Image missing". We formulate a universal proposal for a class of off-shell free energies, whose extremization reproduces all previous results for branes wrapped on spindles, as well as on genus g Riemann surfaces Σg. We further illustrate this proposal discussing D4-branes wrapped on "Image missing", for which we present a supersymmetric "Image missing" solution of D = 6 gauged supergravity along with the associated entropy function.
Axion emission from supernova with axion-pion-nucleon contact interaction
Authors: Choi Kiwoon , Kim Hee Jung , Seong Hyeonseok , Shin Chang Sub 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We examine the axion emission from supernovae with a complete set of relevant axion couplings including the axion-pion-nucleon contact interaction which was ignored in the previous studies. Two processes are affected by the axion-pion-nucleon contact interaction, π− + p → n + a and n + p → n + p + a, and these processes can be the dominant source of axions for some region in the axion parameter space or in astrophysical conditions encountered inside supernovae. We find that the contact interaction can enhance the axion emissivity of π− + p → n + a by a factor of 2 − 4, while the effect on n + p → n + p + a is not significant. We also discuss the relative importance of other pion-induced processes such as π0 + n → n + a and π− + π0→ π− + a.
Axions, higher-groups, and emergent symmetry
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel , Córdova Clay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Axions, periodic scalar fields coupled to gauge fields through the instanton density, have a rich variety of higher-form global symmetries. These include a two-form global symmetry, which measures the charge of axion strings. As we review, these symmetries typically combine into a higher-group, a kind of non-abelian structure where symmetries that act on operators of different dimensions, such as points, lines, and strings, are mixed. We use this structure to derive model independent constraints on renormalization group flows that realize theories of axions at long distances. These give universal inequalities on the energy scales where various infrared symmetries emerge. For example, we show that in any UV completion of axion-Yang-Mills, the energy scale at which axion strings can decay is always larger than the mass scale of charged particles.
The F-theorem in the melonic limit
Authors: Benedetti Dario , Gurau Razvan , Harribey Sabine , Lettera Davide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The F-theorem states that in three dimensions the sphere free energy of a field theory must decrease between ultraviolet and infrared fixed points of the renormalization group flow, and it has been proven for unitary conformal field theories (CFTs).We consider here the long-range bosonic O(N)3 model on a spherical background, at next-to-next-to-leading order of the 1/N expansion. The model displays four large-N fixed points and we test and confirm the F-theorem holds in this case. This is non-trivial as one of the couplings is imaginary, and therefore the model is non-unitary at finite N. Despite this, several tests indicating that the large-N CFTs are in fact unitary have been performed: for instance all the OPE coefficients computed so far in the large-N limit are real, and the spectrum of bilinear operators is real and above unitarity bounds. Our result, namely that the F theorem holds at large N, can be viewed as further indication that such theories are unitary.As an added bonus, we show how conformal partial waves expansions in conformal field theory can be used to resum infinite classes of vacuum diagrams. Non-perturbatively, the jump in the value of the free energy has the interpretation of the inclusion at the ultraviolet fixed point of an extra non-normalizable contribution in the conformal partial wave expansion. This can be seen in perturbation theory as the reversal of the sign of an infinite class of diagrams due to the flow of a coupling constant.
Convexity, large charge and the large-N phase diagram of the φ4 theory
Authors: Moser Rafael , Orlando Domenico , Reffert Susanne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this note we discuss the phase space of the O(2N) vector model in the presence of a quadratic and a quartic interaction by writing the large-N effective potential using large charge methods in dimensions 2 < D < 4 and 4 < D < 6. Based on a simple discussion of the convexity properties of the grand potential, we find very different behavior in the two regimes: while in 2 < D < 4, the theory is well-behaved, the model in 4 < D < 6 leads to a complex CFT in the UV, consistently with earlier results. We also find a new metastable massive phase in the high-energy regime for the theory on the cylinder.
Vortex counting and the quantum Hall effect
Authors: Walton Edward 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe provide evidence for conjectural dualities between nonrelativistic Chern-Simons-matter theories and theories of (fractional, nonAbelian) quantum Hall fluids in 2 + 1 dimensions. At low temperatures, the dynamics of nonrelativistic Chern-Simons-matter theories can be described in terms of a nonrelativistic quantum mechanics of vortices. At critical coupling, this may be solved by geometric quantisation of the vortex moduli space. Using localisation techniques, we compute the Euler characteristicχ($$ \mathcal{L} $$Lλ) of an arbitrary powerλof a quantum line bundle$$ \mathcal{L} $$Lon the moduli space of vortices in U(Nc) gauge theory withNffundamental scalar flavours on an arbitrary closed Riemann surface. We conjecture that this is equal to the dimension of the Hilbert space of vortex states when the area of the metric on the spatial surface is sufficiently large. We find that the vortices in theories withNc=Nf=λbehave as fermions in the lowest nonAbelian Landau level, with strikingly simple quantum degeneracy. More generally, we find evidence that the quantum vortices may be regarded as composite objects, made of dual anyons. We comment on potential links between the dualities and three-dimensional mirror symmetry. We also compute the expected degeneracy of local Abelian vortices on the Ω-deformed sphere, finding it to be aq-analog of the undeformed case.
Multicolor strategies for investigating clonal expansion and tissue plasticity
Authors: Dumas L. , Clavreul S. , Michon F. , Loulier K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the generation of complexity in living organisms requires the use of lineage tracing tools at a multicellular scale. In this review, we describe the different multicolor strategies focusing on mouse models expressing several fluorescent reporter proteins, generated by classical (MADM, Brainbow and its multiple derivatives) or acute (StarTrack, CLoNe, MAGIC Markers, iOn, viral vectors) transgenesis. After detailing the multi-reporter genetic strategies that serve as a basis for the establishment of these multicolor mouse models, we briefly mention other animal and cellular models (zebrafish, chicken, drosophila, iPSC) that also rely on these constructs. Then, we highlight practical applications of multicolor mouse models to better understand organogenesis at single progenitor scale (clonal analyses) in the brain and briefly in several other tissues (intestine, skin, vascular, hematopoietic and immune systems). In addition, we detail the critical contribution of multicolor fate mapping strategies in apprehending the fine cellular choreography underlying tissue morphogenesis in several models with a particular focus on brain cytoarchitecture in health and diseases. Finally, we present the latest technological advances in multichannel and in-depth imaging, and automated analyses that enable to better exploit the large amount of data generated from multicolored tissues.
Alteration of the translational readthrough isoform AQP4ex induces redistribution and downregulation of AQP4 in human glioblastoma
Authors: Valente Onofrio , Messina Raffaella , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Bellitti Emilio , Zimatore Domenico Sergio , de Gennaro Luigi , Abbrescia Pasqua , Pati Roberta , Palazzo Claudia , Nicchia Grazia Paola , Trojano Maria , Signorelli Francesco , Frigeri Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by a remarkable cellular and molecular heterogeneity that make the behavior of this tumor highly variable and resistant to therapy. In addition, the most serious clinical complication of GBM and other brain tumors is the development of vasogenic edema which dramatically increase the intracranial pressure. In the present study we evaluate the expression, supramolecular organization and spatial distribution of AQP4 and AQP4ex, the new readthrough isoform of AQP4, in relationship with the degree of vasogenic brain edema and tumor progression. To this purpose, tissue samples from regions of tumor core, peritumoral and non-infiltrated tissues of each GBM patient (n = 31) were analyzed. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the expression of AQP4ex was almost absent in tumoral regions while the canonical AQP4 isoforms appear mostly delocalized. In peritumoral tissues, AQP4 expression was found altered in those perivascular astrocyte processes where AQP4ex appeared reduced and partially delocalized. Protein expression levels measured by immunoblot showed that global AQP4 was reduced mainly in the tumor core. Notably, the relative amount of AQP4ex was more severely reduced starting from the peritumoral region. BN-PAGE experiments showed that the supramolecular organization of AQP4 is only partially affected in GBM. Edema assessment by magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the level of AQP4ex downregulation correlated with edema severity. Finally, the degree of BBB alteration, measured with sodium fluorescein content in GBM biopsies, correlated with the edema index and AQP4ex downregulation. Altogether these data suggest that the AQP4ex isoform is critical in the triggering event of progressive downregulation and mislocalization of AQP4 in GBM, which may affect the integrity of the BBB and contributes to accumulation of edema in the peritumoral tissue. Thus, AQP4ex could be considered as a potential early biomarker of GBM progression.
Impact of distant peptide substrate residues on enzymatic activity of SlyD
Authors: Pazicky Samuel , Werle Anna-Leoni A. , Lei Jian , Löw Christian , Weininger Ulrich 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) catalyze intrinsically slow and often rate-limiting isomerization of prolyl-peptide bonds in unfolded or partially folded proteins, thereby speeding up the folding process and preventing misfolding. They often possess binding and chaperone domains in addition to the domain carrying the isomerization activity. Although generally, their substrates display no identity in their amino acid sequence upstream and downstream of the proline with 20 possibilities for each residue, PPIases are efficient enzymes. SlyD is a highly efficient PPIase consisting of an isomerase domain and an additional chaperone domain. The binding of peptide substrates to SlyD and its enzymatic activity depend to some extend on the proline-proximal residues, however, the impact of proline-distant residues has not been investigated so far. Here, we introduce a label-free NMR-based method to measure SlyD activity on different peptide substrates and analysed the data in the context of obtained binding affinities and several co-crystal structures. We show that especially charged and aromatic residues up to eight positions downstream and three positions upstream of the proline and outside the canonical region of similar conformations affect the activity and binding, although they rarely display distinct conformations in our crystal structures. We hypothesize that these positions primarily influence the association reaction. In the absence of the chaperone domain the isomerase activity strongly correlates with substrate affinity, whereas additional factors play a role in its presence. The mutual orientation of isomerase and chaperone domains depends on the presence of substrates in both binding sites, implying allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity.
A Note on Local Regularity of Axisymmetric Solutions to the Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Seregin G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the paper, a new slightly supercritical condition, providing local regularity of axially symmetric solutions to the non-stationary 3D Navier-Stokes equations, is discussed. It generalises almost all known results in the local regularity theory of weak axisymmetric solutions.
Auf Nummer sicher? Sicherheitskultur und Patientensicherheit an deutschen anästhesiologischen Kliniken – Eine deutschlandweite Umfrage zum Status quo
Authors: Marcus Hanke E. , Golbeck W. , Schieren M. , Defosse J. , Wappler F. , Böhmer A. 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Erhöhung der Patientensicherheit sind verschiedene Instrumente wie etwa das „Critical Incident Reporting System“ (CIRS) oder die Verwendung des „Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) System“ entwickelt worden. Ziel war es zu ermitteln, wie Anästhesisten in Deutschland die Sicherheitskultur empfinden, und ob CIRS oder SBAR etabliert sind.

Methodik
Alle registrierten Mitglieder der anästhesiologischen Berufsverbände wurden zu einer Onlineumfrage zum Thema „Patientensicherheit“ eingeladen. Es wurden die Themengebiete Sicherheitskultur, CIRS und SBAR erfragt.

Ergebnisse
Die Bewertung der Sicherheitskultur der Anästhesieabteilung war in 76,6 % der Fälle positiv (gesamtes Krankenhaus 54,3 %). Fehlerhafte Verläufe wurden laut 76,5 % offen kommuniziert. 23 % haben den Eindruck, dass bei Fehlern die betreffende Person bloßgestellt würde. Bei einem Drittel finden keine Morbiditäts- und Mortalitäts(M&M)-Konferenzen statt.
CIRS ist 98,9 % der Befragten bekannt; bei 84,4 % existiert es. CIRS-Meldungen wurden bereits von 54,4 % abgegeben. Regelmäßiges Feedback zu Meldungen erhalten nur 29,4 %.
SBAR als Übergabehilfsmittel war 63,7 % unbekannt. 86,1 % halten die Verwendung eines Instruments zur Verbesserung der Übergabequalität für notwendig.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Qualität der Sicherheitskultur von Anästhesieabteilungen wird positiver bewertet als die des übrigen Krankenhauses. M&M-Konferenzen sollten größere Verbreitung erfahren.
CIRS ist nahezu allen befragten Anästhesisten bekannt – Feedback erfolgt selten. Es fehlt an Feedbackmechanismen für den Meldenden.
Zur Implementierung von Hilfsmitteln für strukturierte Patientenübergaben sollten in Zukunft mehr Anstrengungen unternommen werden.
Secular trends in childhood pain and comorbid psychiatric symptoms: a population-based study
Authors: Luntamo Terhi , Lempinen Lotta , Sourander Andre 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pain symptoms are common in childhood. They often lead to functional impairment and co-occur with psychiatric difficulties. Although children’s lives have undergone enormous changes in recent decades, long-term data on changes in pain symptoms, and in comorbid psychiatric difficulties, is lacking. This knowledge is crucial, as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms are significant predictors of long-term outcome for children who suffer from pain. The main purpose of the present study was to explore secular changes in comorbid pain and psychiatric symptoms.

Methods
Four population-based, cross-sectional surveys of 8–9-year-old children were conducted in Southwest Finland in 1989, 1999, 2005, and 2013. Identical methodologies and questionnaire-based measures were used each study year. Participation ranged from 891 to 986 over the study period. The children were asked about the frequency of headache, abdominal pain, and other pains. Children, their parents, and teachers provided information on the child’s psychiatric difficulties, including internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Results
The cumulative odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the overall prevalence of pain symptoms increased among both genders from 1989 to 2013 and ranged from 1.4 (1.03–1.8) for other pains to 2.4 (1.7–3.3) for abdominal pain. Comorbid internalizing symptoms increased among girls with odd ratios and 95% CIs of 1.8 (1.03–3.1) for children with any kind of pain, and 3.0 (1.4–6.2) for children with headache. No changes were found among boys.

Conclusion
Overall pain symptoms doubled in both genders, but the most novel finding was that comorbid emotional difficulties tripled among girls who reported headaches. Further research is needed to confirm, and explain, these findings.