bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of 2‑gram and 3‑gram to Obtain Factor Scores of Statements Posted at Q&A Sites
Authors: Yokoyama Yuya , Hochin Teruhisa , Nomiya Hiroki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith a view to solving the mismatches between the ideas of questioners and respondents of Question and Answer (Q&A) sites, impression evaluation experiments have resulted in obtaining nine factors of impressions. Then through multiple regression analysis factor scores have been estimated by utilizing the feature values of statements, such as syntactic information, etc. Those factor scores calculated were subsequently employed for inspecting their potential to detect respondents who are expected and likely to appropriately answer a newly posted question. Nevertheless, our method so far has largely depended on the syntactic information extracted through morphological analysis. Moreover, the number of explanatory variables utilized for obtaining factor scores has been appreciably extravagant and complex. Thus, instead of morphological analysis, 2-gram was applied to the explanatory variables to estimate factor scores. The analysis result with the application of 2-gram has led to greater estimation accuracy than the case of morphological analysis for all nine factors. For further perception and comparison, in this paper, 3-gram was applied to the feature values in place of 2-gram or morphological analysis, in a similar fashion as the previous analysis using 2-gram. Further analysis has shown that 2-gram and 3-gram outperform morphological analysis in terms of estimation accuracy. Comparing the results for the nine factors, 2-gram showed the best results. It could also be suggested that a mere 2-gram or 3-gram would be sufficient in applying N-gram as syntactic information of the feature values to estimate factor scores.
Philosophy and its Institutions: Politics at the Heart of the Canon
Authors: Valpione Giulia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the importance of new research on women philosophers and addresses some methodological issues to be taken in consideration. The thesis presented here is that through this new line of research it is possible to analyse the close connection between philosophy, politics and institutions. The paper opens with a critique of the assumption that philosophy has until recently been the exclusive property of men, giving the example of some forgotten women philosophers who lived in Hegel's time. After considering the risk of ghettoization inherent in Women's Studies, the author closes by showing how the reconsideration of women philosophers can help to question the methodology and the status of philosophy in general, and in particular to question the philosophical canon. The text serves as an introduction to a special issue of theHegel Bulletindedicated to women philosophers in Hegel's time.
Intersectional Structural Stigma, Community Priorities, and Opportunities for Transgender Health Equity: Findings from TRANSforming the Carolinas
Authors: Poteat Tonia , Simmons Ames 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, “Intersectional Structural Stigma, Community Priorities, and Opportunities for Transgender Health Equity,” Poteat and Simmons outline the legal and policy barriers that impede efforts to end the HIV epidemic among transgender people in the South. They present qualitative and quantitative data from a community engaged research study conducted with transgender adults and other key stakeholders as well as finding from an analysis of policies impacting transgender people in both states. Violence prevention and decriminalization are highlighted as key policy initiatives that would advance health equity for transgender people.
Spatial variability in winter mass balance on Storglaciären modelled with a terrain-based approach
Authors: Terleth Yoram , van Pelt Ward J. J. , Pettersson Rickard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough most processes governing the surface mass balance on mountain glaciers are well understood, the causes and extent of spatial variability in accumulation remain poorly constrained. In the present study, we couple an energy balance–snow and firn mass-balance model to terrain-based modelling routines estimating mass redistribution by snowdrift, preferential deposition and avalanching. We find this newly coupled model improves the spatial accuracy of winter balance simulations on Storglaciären, Sweden, while retaining versatility and a low computational cost. Accumulation on Storglaciären is primarily driven by direct precipitation, which is locally increased due to small-scale orographic effects. Wind-driven snow transport leads to substantial deposition in the accumulation zone and slight erosion in the ablation zone. Avalanching is the smallest contributor to winter balance, but cannot be neglected. The role of mass transporting processes in maintaining the current mass equilibrium on Storglaciären highlights the necessity to understand the links between climatic predictors and accumulation in order to accurately assess climate sensitivity.
Validity of the wave stationarity assumption on estimates of wave attenuation in sea ice: toward a method for wave–ice attenuation observations at global scales
Authors: Voermans Joey J. , Xu Xingkun , Babanin Alexander V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn situ observations of wave attenuation by sea ice are required to develop and validate wave–ice interaction parameterizations in coupled wave models. To estimate ice-induced wave attenuation in the field, the wave field is typically assumed to be stationary. In this study we investigate the validity of this assumption by creating a synthetic wave field in sea ice for different attenuation rates. We observe that errors in estimates of the wave attenuation rates are largest when attenuation rates are small or temporal averaging periods are short. Moreover, the adoption of the wave stationarity assumption can lead to negative estimates of the instantaneous wave attenuation rate. These apparent negative values should therefore not be attributed to wave growth or erroneous measurements a priori. Surprisingly, we observe that the validity of the wave stationarity assumption is irrelevant to the accuracy of estimates of wave attenuation rates as long as the temporal averaging period is taken sufficiently long. This may provide opportunities in using satellite-derived products to estimate wave attenuation rates in sea ice at global scales.
KEISLER’S THEOREM AND CARDINAL INVARIANTS
Authors: GOTO TATSUYA 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider several variants of Keisler’s isomorphism theorem. We separate these variants by showing implications between them and cardinal invariants hypotheses. We characterize saturation hypotheses that are stronger than Keisler’s theorem with respect to models of size
$\aleph _1$
and
$\aleph _0$
by
$\mathrm {CH}$
and
$\operatorname {cov}(\mathsf {meager}) = \mathfrak {c} \land 2^{<\mathfrak {c}} = \mathfrak {c}$
respectively. We prove that Keisler’s theorem for models of size
$\aleph _1$
and
$\aleph _0$
implies
$\mathfrak {b} = \aleph _1$
and
$\operatorname {cov}(\mathsf {null}) \le \mathfrak {d}$
respectively. As a consequence, Keisler’s theorem for models of size
$\aleph _0$
fails in the random model. We also show that for Keisler’s theorem for models of size
$\aleph _1$
to hold it is not necessary that
$\operatorname {cov}(\mathsf {meager})$
equals
$\mathfrak {c}$
.
The effects of knowledge spillovers and vineyard proximity on winery clustering
Authors: Stuen Eric , Liao Haifeng , Miller Jon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the effect of proximity to other wineries on the formation of new wineries and how this effect depends on winemaking history in a location. Clustering is common in the wine industry, but it also depends on other factors, such as proximity to vineyards and high-reputation wineries. Using panel data with annual observations from 1994 to 2014 on 598 zip codes within Washington State, we estimate empirical models that control for proximity to wineries, proximity to vines, proximity to income, and the presence of star wineries. We find that the elasticity of the number of wineries with respect to proximity to wineries outside the zip code hinges on the length of local winemaking history. For locations with 11 or more winery years prior to our sample, the elasticity is at least 0.44. The presence of elite wineries is also found to have an effect, with about 0.5 additional wineries per year starting in a zip code per star winery. The effect of history suggests that policies to seed winery start-ups will help cluster formation, but only with a substantial critical mass of winemaking activity.
Do gains in political representation sweeten tax reform in China? It depends on who you ask
Authors: Kao Jay C. , Lü Xiaobo , Queralt Didac 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGovernments can grant political concessions to induce quasi-voluntary compliance with taxation, yet empirical evidence probing the taxation–representation connection remains inconclusive. We contend that this association remains valid but it is primarily confined to business elites in nondemocratic regimes because the same wealth that exposes them to state predation also incentivizes them to endorse tax policies that offer greater political representation. We test our argument by evaluating preferences for hypothetical tax reforms in separate samples of business elites and ordinary citizens in China. We find that business elites show stronger preference than nonelites for tax policies that include advances in political representation. We explore various mechanisms for our results and find support for government credibility, tax ownership, and tax salience considerations.
PPARγ-AGPAT6 signaling mediates acetate-induced mTORC1 activation and milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows
Authors: Liu Can , Liu Chuanping , Gong Xiaoqing , Jiang Yi , Yang Yang , Zhang Jinyou , Hou Xiaoming , Lin Ye 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research communication investigated the role and the underlying mechanism of sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) in acetate-induced mTORC1 signaling activation and milk fat synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. The data showed AGPAT6 knockdown significantly decreased acetate-induced phosphorylation of mTORC1 signaling molecules and intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) content, whereas this inhibition effect was reversed after the addition of 16:0,18:1 phosphatidic acid (PA), suggesting that AGPAT6 could generate PA in response to acetate simulation, that in turn activates mTORC1 signaling. PPARγ is the upstream regulator of AGPAT6 upon acetate stimulation. Luciferase assay with clones containing various deletions and mutation in AGPAT6 promoter showed that there is a RXRα binding sequence located at −96 bp of AGPAT6 promoter. Acetate stimulation significantly increased the interaction between PPARγ and AGPAT6 via this RXRα binding site. Taken together, our data indicated that AGPAT6 could activate mTORC1 signaling by producing PA during acetate-induced milk fat synthesis, and PPARγ acts as a transcription factor to mediate the effect of acetate on AGPAT6 via RXRα.
The deep history of imaginary worlds
Authors: Wiessner Polly 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
If recent exploratory traditions tap into evolved psychological dispositions to explore, wouldn't humans be expected to have drawn on such dispositions long before the written word? Trickster oral traditions fill this role in all levels of society, affluence, and on all continents, inverting the boundaries of social worlds and those between humans and animals, fostering cultural innovation.
Cognitive exploration drives engagement and re-engagement with imaginary worlds, but not spatial exploration as predicted by evolutionary theory
Authors: Dunk Rebecca , Mar Raymond A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The empirical evidence for exploration underlying the appeal of imaginary worlds is mostly absent or contradictory. Openness, and the cognitive exploration it represents, provides a better account than the overall drive to explore predicted by evolutionary theory. Furthermore, exploration cannot explain why imaginary worlds foster frequent re-engagement.
The evolution of imagination and the adaptive value of imaginary worlds
Authors: Moore Richard , Hills Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Characterizing the cultural evolution of imaginary worlds as a hedonic but non-adaptive exaptation from evolved exploratory tendencies, Dubourg and Baumard defend too narrow a conception of the adaptive evolution of imaginary worlds. Imagination and its imaginary worlds are ancient and adaptive, allowing deliberation over actions, consequences, and futures worth aspiring to, often engendering the world we see around us.
Why frightening imaginary worlds? Morbid curiosity and the learning potential of horror
Authors: Scrivner Coltan , Clasen Mathias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In addition to satisfying a predisposition for exploration, fiction with imaginary worlds may also appeal to morbid curiosity, an adaptive motivation to seek out information about dangerous situations. Most imaginary worlds contain narrative elements of danger, and immersion in such worlds may provide people with information that would be costly to acquire in the real world.
Brave new world: Imaginative fictions offer simulated safety and actual benefits
Authors: Nissel Jenny E. , Woolley Jacqueline D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman engagement with imaginary worlds pervades history (e.g., Paleolithic cave paintings) and development (e.g., 18-month-olds pretend). In providing a safe environment, separate from the real world, fiction offers the opportunity for simulated exploration regardless of external circumstances. Thus, engagement with imaginary worlds in fiction may afford individuals opportunities to reap benefits and transfer these benefits back to the real world.
Middle-earth wasn't built in a day: How do we explain the costs of creating a world?
Authors: Lightner Aaron D. , Heckelsmiller Cynthiann , Hagen Edward H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDubourg and Baumard explain why fictional worlds are attractive to consumers. A complete account of fictional worlds, however, should also explain why some peoplecreatethem. Creation is a costly and time-consuming process that does not resemble exploration but does resemble the culturally universal phenomenon of knowledge specialization.
“Never Land”: Where do imaginary worlds come from?
Authors: Llewellyn Sue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We assume “Imaginary worlds” to be unreal and unfamiliar: high fantasy. I argue they are real and familiar to authors because they comprise memory elements, which blend experience, knowledge, beliefs and pre-occupations. These “bits and pieces” from memories can generate a world, which readers experience as pure imagination. I illustrate using J.M. Barrie's “Never Land” and J.R.R. Tolkien's “Middle-Earth.”
Young children are not driven to explore imaginary worlds
Authors: Nyhout Angela , Lee Ruth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We address Dubourg and Baumard's claim that imaginary worlds are most appealing early in the lifespan when the exploratory drive is highest. Preschool-age children prefer fictions set in the real world, and fantastical information can be difficult for children to represent in real time. We speculate that a drive to explore imaginary worlds may emerge after children acquire substantial real-world skills and knowledge. An account of age effects on fictional preferences should encompass developmental change.
The Evidence for the Pharmaceutical Strengthening of Attachment: What, Precisely, Would Love Drugs Enhance?
Authors: Herissone-Kelly Peter N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, scientists have begun to identify the brain processes and neurochemicals associated with the different stages of love, including the all-important stage of attachment. Experimental findings—readily seized upon by those bioethicists who want to urge that we sometimes have good reason pharmaceutically to enhance flagging relationships—are presented as demonstrating that attachment is regulated and strengthened by the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin. I shall argue, however, that often what the experimental data in fact show is only that exogenous administration of such chemicals can control and intensify the trappings of attachment, not attachment itself. That this is sometimes overlooked by both scientists and ethicists, is due to attachment being miscategorised as a set of feelings or a drive, rather than as a disposition to think about, feel toward, and behave toward its object in certain distinctive ways.
Double Talk
Authors: Burton Robert A. 
Published: November 2022

Symptoms of ConsciousnessIn this series of short essays, stories, poems, and personal observations, Robert A. Burton, neurologist and writer, uses both fiction and nonfiction to explore many paradoxes and contradictions inherent in scientific inquiry. A novelist as well as author of On Being Certain and A Skeptic’s Guide to the Mind, Burton brings story to science and science to story.
Can We Justify Military Enhancements? Some Yes, Most No
Authors: Hereth Blake , Evans Nicholas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe United States Department of Defense has, for at least 20 years, held the stated intention to enhance active military personnel (“warfighters”). This intention has become more acute in the face of dropping recruitment, an aging fighting force, and emerging strategic challenges. However, developing and testing enhancements is clouded by the ethically contested status of enhancements, the long history of abuse by military medical researchers, and new legislation in the guise of “health security” that has enabled the Department of Defense to apply medical interventions without appropriate oversight. This paper aims to reconcile existing legal and regulatory frameworks on military biomedical research with ethical concerns about military enhancements. In what follows, we first outline one justification for military enhancements. The authors then briefly address existing definitional issues over what constitutes enhancement before addressing existing research ethics regulations governing military biomedical research. Next, they argue that two common justifications for rapid military innovation in science and technology, including enhancement, fail. These justifications are (a) to satisfy a compelling military need and (b) strategic dominance. The authors then turn to an objection that turns on the idea that we need not have these justifications if warfighters are willing to adopt enhancement, and argue that laissez-faire approaches to enhancement fail in the context of the military due to pressing and historically significant concerns about coercion and exploitation. The paper concludes with what is referred to as the “least-worst” justification: Given the rise of untested enhancements in civilian and military life, we have good reason to validate potential enhancements even if they do not satisfy reasons (a) or (b) above.
Birth and Decline of Magma Oceans in Planetesimals: 1. Experimental Study of Erosion and Deposition of Particles in an Internally Heated Convecting Fluid
Authors: Sturtz Cyril , Limare Angela , Tait Stephen , Kaminski Édouard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper is the first of two companion papers presenting a theoretical and experimental study of the evolution of crystallizing magma oceans in planetesimals. We aim to understand the behavior of crystals formed in a convective magma ocean, and the implications of crystal segregation for the thermal and structural evolution of the convective system. In particular, we wish to constrain the possibility to form and preserve cumulates and/or flotation crusts by sedimentation or flotation of crystals respectively. We use lab‐scale analog experiments to study the stability and the erosion of a floating lid composed of plastics beads lying over a convective viscous fluid volumetrically heated by microwave absorption. We propose a law for erosion and re‐entrainment that depends only on two dimensionless numbers that govern these phenomena: (a) the Rayleigh‐Roberts number, characterizing the vigor of convection and (b) the Shields number, that encompasses the physics of the flow‐particle interaction. We further consider the formation of a cumulate at the base of the convective layer by sedimentation of beads that are denser than the fluid. We find that particle deposition occurs at a velocity that scales with the Stokes velocity, a result consistent with previous experimental studies. We build up a model that describes the transient evolution of the convective system's thermal state and the fraction of particles that segregated from the flow or that remain in suspension.
Sensitivity of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Subsidence
Authors: Bellon Gilles , Coppin David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSimulations using the convection‐permitting MesoNH model with imposed vertical motion document the influence of large‐scale circulation on convective self‐aggregation. Results show that subsidence favors self‐aggregation in this model and that this sensitivity includes a hysteresis: for weak subsidence, only one stationary state is found, without aggregation; for moderate subsidence, two stationary states are found, one with aggregation and one without; for large subsidence, only the aggregated stationary state is found. In that state, the area covered by deep convection decreases with subsidence. Using the variance of column moist static energy (MSE) as a metric for aggregation, we detail the role of physical processes in the development or maintenance of aggregation. Solar radiation always contributes positively to aggregation. The effect of terrestrial radiation results from a competition between the effects of the top‐of‐atmosphere and surface fluxes, and can therefore vary in amplitude and change sign both with time in transient simulations and with subsidence intensity in stationary state. The effect of turbulent surface fluxes also result from a competition between the effect of air‐sea thermodynamic contrast and the wind‐induced contribution, and it can also vary very significantly. The contribution of MSE transport within the model domain also changes from negative to positive as the intensity of subsidence is increased because the shallow circulation accelerates and causes a change of sign in the gross moist stability associated with the internal circulation.