bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use prevention among migrant children in Serbia- challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kilibarda B , Simonovic P , Medarevic A , Jovanovic V , Vasic M , Misic I , Zajeganovic-Jakovljevic J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Among almost millions of children asylum seekers registered in the EU in 2015-2017, there were one-fifth unaccompanied children. These children are facing many challenges, including substance use while at the same time the recommendations for prevention are underdeveloped in many countries. To address the issue of substance use among migrant children in Serbia, the Institute of Public Health of Serbia with the support of the UNICEF and in cooperation with other partners developed recommendations for preventive activities in 2022 based on the migrant needs and country-specific situation. In the first phase of development, a desk review of current legislation and available relevant data was done. In the second phase, in order to gain in-depth view of the challenges and opportunities, workshops were conducted in two migrant centers with medical and other staff. Based on the findings and consultation process, feasible, evidence-based interventions were recommended. Several barriers to the implementation of evidence-based prevention activities in migrant centers were identified. To address the knowledge gap on the management of acute intoxication and the current referral system, guidelines were developed. The diversity of professional backgrounds of staff in migrant centers was identified as a barrier and recommendations for further training were made. There are several barriers that need further action and solutions such as short periods of stay in centers that hinder the provision of structured programs, language barriers, and ethical issues for minors, especially unaccompanied children. Prevention activities in migrant centers need to consider the specific needs of migrants, such as language barrier, capacities, and relevant knowledge of available staff and country-specific situations. The development of guidelines and a flowchart for a referral system for migrants at risk for substance abuse and dependence can be a useful tool for staff in migrant centers.

Key messages
• Substance use prevention among migrants should be evidence-based and in line with migrant needs and country-specific situations.
• Guidelines for prevention should be available to migrant centers’ staff.
COVID-19 among migrants, refugees, and IDPs: a synthesis of the global empirical literature
Authors: Hintermeier M , Gottlieb N , Oppenberg J , Mohsenpour A , Flores S , Rohleder S , Pernitez-Agan S , Lopez J , Wickramage K , Bozorgmehr K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 syndemic reveals social and health inequalities, putting marginalized groups such as migrants at greater risk. Yet health systems fail to routinely monitor the health of migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons. Our systematic review provides an up-to-date synthesis of the empirical evidence on COVID-19 infection risk, transmission, outcome of disease and risk of severe course of disease among migrant populations. It further aims to compile extant evidence on COVID-19 vaccination coverage among these groups, and on the effects of pandemic control measures on their health.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we registered a review protocol, searched 14 scientific databases and 4 pre-print servers using the WHO database of global literature on COVID-19, and hand-searched relevant websites for grey literature. The search period covers the time from 12/2019 to 11/30/2021. Articles in English, German and Spanish and all study designs were included.

Results
A total of 6966 references were identified for title and abstract screening. 518 records were screened in full-text, out of which 204 articles were included so far (conflict solving at full-text stage and data extraction are ongoing). Our review presents a broad landscape of different study designs, migrant populations and COVID-19 outcomes. Based on previous work, we expect to find a higher risk of infection in migrants and their disproportionate share among COVID-19 cases, and consolidate the (mental) health impacts of pandemic control measures. Our preliminary findings indicate a vast knowledge gap on vaccination coverage among migrant groups.

Conclusions
Two years into the syndemic, this review summarizes the global empirical evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 syndemic on migrant populations. With health systems often lacking related data, the review provides an important evidence base for the consideration of migrants in future pandemic preparedness policies.

Key messages
• The systematic review provides an up-to-date synthesis of the empirical evidence on COVID-19 among diverse migrant populations globally.
• Knowledge on vaccination coverage in migrants remains patchy.
Structural intervention proposals and the delegitimization of the institutions involved
Authors: van Meurs T , Oude Groeniger J , de Koster W , van der Waal J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Improving citizens’ nutritional intake is crucial to combat obesity. Especially structural interventions are effective; likely due to bypassing issues of individual agency. However, such restrictive interventions have low public acceptance, and pushback may create a negative feedback loop, adversely impacting the perceived legitimacy of the institutions involved. This may be especially so among less-educated individuals, as they consider health promotion institutions less legitimate. Recent theorizing argues this may be due to the cultural distance perceived towards those populating the institutions. As structural interventions mainly target behavior more prevalent among less-educated individuals - e.g. sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption - this perceived distance may be enhanced. With a preregistered survey-experiment among a high-quality representative sample, fielded in February ‘22, we test if proposed structural interventions affect perceived legitimacy of health promotion institutions, and if this differs between educational groups. We used the strategically selected case of interventions to reduce SSB consumption in the Netherlands - currently not tackled by official interventions. This allowed us to confront citizens with a potential - rather than implemented - intervention, singling out its effects more clearly. Respondents were randomized into i) a control group presented with an explanation of the institutions and their information provision approach; or a treatment group with this information, plus ii) a proposed sugar tax or iii) a proposed regulated decrease of sugar content. Results indicate that institutions are perceived as less legitimate when citizens are confronted with structural intervention proposals, but little evidence for a moderating role of education is found. These results can improve awareness among policymakers regarding interventions effects besides health outcomes, and their risk for delegitimizing health institutions.

Key messages
• Proposals for structural interventions decrease the perceived legitimacy of involved health promotion institutions across society.
• Less-educated citizens perceive health promotion institutions as less legitimate at baseline; structural intervention proposals maintain and occasionally increase this gap.
Patients’ migration for orthopaedic intensive rehabilitation among Italian Regions
Authors: Guarducci G , Urbani A , Carbone S , Moirano F , Messina G , Nante N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Interregional patients’ migration, according to Italian Law, can be considered an expression of the (inviolable?) right to health and freedom of choice regarding place of care. It contributing, albeit perversely, to guaranteeing equity in the Italian National Health Service allowing citizens to overcome territorial inequalities in the distribution of healthcare services. The aim of our study was to analyze fulfilment of needs for orthopaedic intensive rehabilitation hospital services on site and interregional patients’ migration trends.

Methods
We conducted an observational cross sectional study on Hospital Discharge Cards provided by the Ministry of Health, upon specific request, from 2011 to 2019. The study of interregional patients’ migration, for orthopaedic intensive rehabilitation, relative to single Italian regions was carried out from data of Residents, Attractions and Escapes, which were graphically developed through Gandy’s Nomogram. Trend analysis (Cuzick’s Test) was performed through STATA. Were considered statistically significant at level of 95% (p &lt; 0.05).

Results
In our studied period, Gandy’s Nomogram showed that only Piedmont, Lombardy, A.P. of Trento, E. Romagna, Umbria and Abruzzo had a good public hospital planning for orthopaedic intensive rehabilitation. Attractions increased significantly for Lombardy, A.P. of Trento, Veneto and Basilicata, while they decreased significantly for A.P. of Bolzano, Veneto, F.V. Giulia, Abruzzo, Calabria and Sicily. Escapes increased significantly for Veneto, F.V. Giulia, E. Romagna, Tuscany, Molise, Puglia and Basilicata, while they decreased significantly for Piedmont, Aosta Valley, A.P. of Trento, Umbria, Abruzzo and Sicily.

Conclusions
Only six regions (4 in the North, 1 in the Centre and 1 in the South) satisfied care needs of their Residents, with an Attractions minus Escapes positive balance. Only A.P. of Trento appears to have been able to reduce Escapes and increase Attractions at the same time.

Key messages
• Studying patients’ migration by type of health benefit makes it possible to identify specific situations of lack of supply.
• Patients’ migration is an indirect Index of a region’s health policy.
Viral hepatitis C – a challenge for the public health
Authors: Pakov I , Terzieva K , Kunchev M , Shalamanov D , Karcheva M , Gancheva G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Viral hepatitis C (VH C) is a global health problem with overall prevalence in 3-5% of the human population. This study provides the relevance of viral genome characterization in clinical settings.

Methods
Retrospective study was conducted upon epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and viral characteristics in fifty cases of VH C confirmed with positive anti-HCV, evaluated by ELISA. Thirty eight of cases were hospitalized in different clinics of the University Hospital “Dr Georgi Stranski” - Pleven (2017-2018) and remainders were blood-donors registered in Regional Center of Transfusion Hematology - Pleven. The viral load and genotype of HCV had been investigated by Real-Time PCR in Laboratory of Virology at Military Medical Academy - Sofia.

Results
The prevalence of cases was equal and highest in age groups 30-39 years and 60-69 years (24%, respectively). Males were 69.81% (p &lt; 0.05). Surgical interventions (26.32%), blood infusions (23.68%) and hemodialysis (15.79%) were at highest risk for VHC (p &gt; 0.05). Thirty hospital patients were with chronic VH C (78.95%) (p &lt; 0.05). Clinical symptoms suggestive viral hepatitis were adynamia (39.47%; OR 5.25), anorexia (28.95%; OR 2.16), heaviness in the abdomen (21.05%; OR 23.33), and 52.63% of patients were asymptomatic (p &lt; 0.0005). Laboratory investigations revealed slightly or moderately elevated total bilirubin (mean 53.27±37.38 µmol/L; 95% CI 18.48-88.06) and transaminases - ASAT (mean 231.36±155.82 IU/L; 95% CI 79.91-382.80) and ALAT (mean 294.48±196.26 IU/L; 95% CI 96.37-492.59) (p &gt; 0.05). Investigation of viral load of HCV revealed 22 samples with detectable viral load (range 683-673 720 copies/ml). All isolates of HCV had been proved to be genotype 1b.

Conclusions
VH C is mostly asymptomatic. Screening for anti-HCV in risk groups and genotyping of HCV will improve surveillance, reduce nosocomial HCV-infections, facilitate therapeutic management and prevent complications of infected individuals.

Key messages
• Screening for anti-HCV in risk groups and genotyping of HCV improves surveillance and reduces nosocomial HCV-infections.
• Screening for anti-HCV facilitates therapeutic management and prevents complications of infected individuals.
A matter of freedom? Right-wing populist frames of Austria’s smoke-free policy
Authors: Andreas M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Even though right-wing populist parties (RWPP) are increasingly influential in Europe, their position on public health has hardly been researched. I aimed to fill this research gap by focusing on the case of the FPÖ (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs) and its opposition to Austriás smoke-free policy. Understanding RWWP positions on health policy can help to prevent detrimental influences on health policy making. Therefore, this project aimed to investigate how the FPÖ framed Austria’s smoke-free policy and whether newspaper articles reflect these frames.

Methods
Online archives of the three most-read Austrian newspapers (Standard, Kurier, Kronenzeitung) were searched for articles on the policy published in November 2019, when the policy was implemented. Furthermore, speeches by FPÖ politicians in the parliamentary debate on the policy in June 2019 were identified via the parliamentary archive. Drawing on 4 speeches by FPÖ politicians and 29 newspaper articles, I used frame analysis to answer the research question.

Results
The analysis yielded that FPÖ politicians used authoritarian, populist, and libertarian frames to argue against the implementation of the smoke-free policy. Thus, the policy was portrayed as not being in the interest of the people, restricting personal and economic freedom, and as elitist. These frames were not reflected in newspaper reports that mainly focused on the practical aspects of the policy implementation. However, in contrast to politicians supporting the policy, FPÖ politicians were overrepresented in newspaper reports representing 47% of political actors cited in newspaper articles.

Conclusions
Authoritarian, populist, and libertarian frames were used by the FPÖ in opposition to the smoke-free policy. While these frames were not replicated by Austrian newspapers, RWP politicians were overrepresented in articles on the policy. These findings illustrate the importance of effective counter-framing by health advocates.

Key messages
• RWPP used authoritarian, populist, and libertarian frames to oppose Austria’s smoke-free policy.
• Even though RWPP frames were not replicated in newspaper articles, RWPP politicians were overrepresented in reports on the policy.
Citizen participation in healthcare: a field perspective
Authors: Timans R , de Jong J , Brabers A , Horsselenberg M , Damen L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Many nations are faced with challenges regarding the sustainability of their healthcare systems. Rising costs and limited financial and human resources mean that difficult decisions regarding the provision of healthcare are imminent. Which care should be provided, when and where? These decisions will affect all current and future users of healthcare. This has given rise to calls from policy makers and others to include citizens in the decision making process. The question is how this can be done. What are viable ways of citizen participation in healthcare? What are critical issues to take into account? And how do citizens themselves want to participate?

Methods
We use results from a literature review, six interviews with organizations in the field and the results of two citizen platforms to map the challenges and opportunities for citizen participation in healthcare. We study the case of the Netherlands, a country with a long and singular tradition of participatory policies.

Results
Preliminary findings indicate there are six key decision variables that are instrumental in shaping citizen participation in the field of healthcare. Among those are the kinds of knowledge that participants possess and the valuation of these kinds of knowledge by agents in the field of healthcare.

Conclusions
We interpret the results using a Bourdieusian conceptual framework, which emphasizes the contextual framing of participation. Citizen participation can be understood as an intervention in the field of healthcare. Participation is structured by the different forms of knowledge of participants as capitals. This highlights power differences that must be understood in order to design fruitful participatory processes.

Key messages
• Citizen participation in healthcare understood as an intervention in the field of healthcare.
• Understanding power differences is crucial for designing and implementing this intervention.
Harnessing the potential of digital data for infectious disease surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Boenecke J , Brinkel J , Belau M , Himmel M , Ströbele J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Despite efforts by the WHO to support local surveillance strategies in developing countries, there is a lack of robust public health surveillance frameworks. As a result, early infectious disease outbreak detection and response remain a significant challenge for local health systems in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan African countries. In contrast, the growing digital infrastructure, especially in the mobile phone sector, and the global availability of extensive digital data offer promising solutions to enhance and strengthen epidemiological surveillance. Yet, there is little insight into concepts of utilisation and transfer into local public health practice. Using Tanzania as an example, a novel electronic surveillance and early outbreak alert framework is being developed that links signals on emerging diseases with relevant contextual Open Data for rapid outbreak risk assessment. The concept focuses on haemorrhagic fever diseases, specifically dengue virus disease, which is increasingly spreading in sub-Saharan Africa. A data stack framework forms the core of the system, which augments electronic information on the occurrence of acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome, e.g., collected via mobile phone-based surveillance tools, with openly available socio-ecological context data specific to dengue. Preliminary results on the data and information flow within the surveillance framework are presented and strategies for an automated indicator-based risk assessment for dengue outbreaks will be discussed, supplemented by an agent-based simulation framework to model possible short-term outbreak scenarios. In addition, adequate data inputs, identified through an appraisal of various data sources available for Tanzania, are outlined. The framework could serve as a blueprint for designing locally implementable early warning and decision support systems integrated with existing digital surveillance infrastructure.

Key messages
• Digital health surveillance and Open Data offer great potential for early outbreak detection and supporting health decisions but require tailored solutions to benefit low-resource settings.
• Building on existing digital surveillance infrastructure, the framework may serve as a blueprint for designing an enhanced surveillance and decision support system for infectious disease outbreaks.
Validation of cardiovascular risk prediction in Type 2 diabetes through federated cohorts in Europe
Authors: Carinci F , Pennells L , Kaptoge S , Petitjean C , Gualdi S , Benedetti M Massi , Di Angelantonio E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The SCORE2 risk model has been recommended for cardiovascular risk assessment in individuals aged over 40 years without diabetes in 4 defined risk regions of Europe. We aimed to validate a novel SCORE2-DM model in Type 2 diabetes with additional risk factors mainly based on UK datasets, using federated databases from the EUBIROD network.

Methods
We defined a full operational protocol to implement a standard procedure for validation across contributing sources in Europe. The manual described inclusion/exclusion criteria (aged 40+, diagnosis of T2 diabetes at 30+, no prior CVD), risk factors measured over a baseline interval (1/2013-62015), target/competing events at follow-up (2015-2019). We specified a common data model with 9 steps required to process longitudinal records and deliver summary cohort data (one record per person). All rules were implemented in R and NeuBIRO, an original tool written in Java/Groovy and H2 SQL (https://github.com/eubirodnetwork/neubiro).

Results
Software was able to produce the following outputs at each source: distribution of risk factors by sex and 5-year age groups; Harrell's C-index and standard error of SCORE2 and SCORE2-DM by sex and 10-year age groups, C-index differences; average 5-year predictive vs observed risk by risk deciles; adjusted cumulative incidence of 5-year competing risk by sex and 5-year age groups. Code was packaged into a stand-alone bundle, with test data and coefficients ofthe SCORE2-DM model. The procedures allowed either creating cohort data autonomously to run the supplied R code, or let NeuBIRO complete all steps foreseen to deliver. Tests have been successfully completed in the derivation data, with results from federated databases expected to contribute to the final external validation of SCORE2-DM by midyear.

Conclusions
We defined a collaborative method to validate risk prediction models in high risk subgroups using international pooling of cohort data with privacy protection.

Key messages
• Collaborative methods to validate risk prediction models can enhance access to real world data for researchers across chronic diseases.
• Implementation of flexible and reusable source code can increase opportunities to use prediction models for robust clinical decision making in multimorbidity.
P. Morton Shand and the Promotion of Alvar Aalto
Authors: Dianat Alborz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article reconsiders the success of Alvar Aalto in interwar Britain through the perspective of P. Morton Shand. As a journalist fluent in French and German, Shand introduced European Modernism to British architects. From 1930, he focused his efforts on Aalto, leading to the seminal exhibition of the Finnish designer’s furniture in 1933. By viewing the exhibition through the lens of Shand, this article points to the role of critics as active participants in interwar design culture, leading the promotion of modern design and blurring the lines between journalism and commercialized propaganda. While historians are productively describing the roles of consumers, critics and other nondesigners in design history, Shand has remained unappreciated, despite operating at the heart of many interwar exchanges. With the use of an uncataloged collection of his correspondence, this article reveals his individual impact in popularizing the furniture of Aalto.
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a slaughterhouse
Authors: Kang W Y , Kim E Y , Choi S , Choi B S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We describe the case of a 52-year-old male who presented with two episodes of acute exacerbations (AE) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during work, while suspending live chickens for slaughter. The patient was exposed to high levels of bioaerosols, including endotoxins and microorganisms. Endotoxins can induce bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation, and COPD patients are more vulnerable to airway infections caused by microorganisms inhaled with bioaerosols. This study suggests that a high level of bioaerosols may induce airway infections, resulting in acute exacerbations of COPD.