bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes Between Nonsmokers and Patients Who Discontinued Smoking 1 Month Before Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity-Matched Study With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Jimenez Andrew E. , Owens Jade S. , Curley Andrew J. , Paraschos Olivia A. , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Cigarette smoking has been shown to negatively affect outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). The effect of cessation of cigarette smoking before surgery has not been well established. Purposes: (1) To report minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of former smokers who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS and (2) to compare these results with those of a propensity-matched control group of nonsmokers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were collected for all patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS between December 2008 and November 2017. Patients were eligible if they indicated that they had previously smoked cigarettes but had quit smoking at least 1 month before surgery and had minimum 2-year postoperative outcomes for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. The percentage of hips achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were recorded. The study group was then propensity matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) to patients who had never smoked. Results: A total of 83 former-smoking patients (84 hips; age, 45.0 ± 13.5 years) were included at a median follow-up of 38.6 months (interquartile range, 27.5-48.2 months); all patients had stopped smoking at a mean ± standard deviation of 14.3 ± 24.5 months preoperatively. Former smokers demonstrated significant improvement from preoperatively to the minimum 2-year follow-up for all recorded PROs ( P < .001 for all) and achieved the MCID for the mHHS, NAHS, and VAS at favorable rates (75.0%-81.6%). Logistic regression analysis did not identify a significant relationship between cessation time and rates of achieving MCID for mHHS, NAHS, or VAS. When compared with 84 never-smokers (84 hips), the former smokers demonstrated similar preoperative scores, postoperative scores, and improvement on all recorded PROs ( P > .05 for all). Both groups achieved MCID for mHHS, NAHS, and VAS at similar rates and demonstrated similar rates of revision surgery. Conclusion: Former smokers who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS demonstrated significant improvement in PROs at minimum 2-year follow-up. When compared with a propensity-matched control group of never-smokers, they achieved similar postoperative PROs and rates of achieving psychometric thresholds.
Colostrum Avoidance Practices and Its Associated Factors among Mothers of Children Aged Less Than 12 Months in Jinka Town, South Ethiopia, 2020. A Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Amaje Elias , Gebremeskel Feleke , Tufa Girma , Gelchu Miesa , Wayessa Zelalem Jabessa 
Published: June 2022

Background Even though colostrum discarding hurts child health, little is known about the extent of the problem and its contributing factors in Southern Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of colostrum avoidance practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka town, South Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinka Town from March 1 to 30, 2020. A total of 420 mothers having children less than 12 months of age were selected by systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by using pretested interviewer-administered and semi-structured questionnaires. The data was entered using EPI DATA 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI at a p-value < 0.05 was estimated to identify statistically significant variables with colostrum avoidance practices. Results The prevalence of colostrum avoidance practice was 9.8% [95% CI: (6.9–12.5)]. Delayed initiation of breastfeeding [AOR = 9.08(95% CI 4.16–19.83)], lack of breastfeeding counseling [AOR = 2.33(95% CI 1.11–4.87)], home delivery of index child [AOR = 2.48 (95% CI 1.16–5.27)] and poor knowledge on breastfeeding [AOR = 4.55(95% CI 1.95–10.63)] were factors associated with colostrum avoidance practices. Conclusion Colostrum avoidance practice among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka town was high. Delayed initiation of breastfeeding, lack of breastfeeding counseling, home delivery, and knowledge of breastfeeding practice were factors associated with colostrum avoidance practice.
Visual noise effect on reading in three developmental disorders: ASD, ADHD, and DD
Authors: Mihaylova Milena Slavcheva , Bocheva Nadejda Bogdanova , Stefanova Miroslava Dimitrova , Genova Bilyana Zaharieva , Totev Tsvetalin Totev , Racheva Kalina Ivanova , Shtereva Katerina Atanasova , Staykova Svetla Nikolaeva 
Published: June 2022

Background and aims Developmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Developmental Dyslexia (DD) are reported to have more visual problems, oral language difficulties, and diminished reading skills in addition to their different diagnostic features. Moreover, these conditions also have increased internal noise and probably an impaired ability of external noise filtering. The aim of the present study was to compare the reading performance of these groups in the presence of external visual noise which disrupts the automatic reading processes through the degradation of letters. Methods Sixty-four children and adolescents in four groups, ASD, ADHD, DD, and TD, participated in the study. Two types of stimuli were used – unrelated words and pseudowords. The noise was generated by exchanging a fixed number of pixels between the black symbols and the white background distorting the letters. The task of the participants was to read aloud the words or pseudowords. The reading time for a single letter string, word or pseudoword, was calculated, and the proportion of errors was assessed in order to describe the reading performance. Results The results obtained showed that the reading of unrelated words and pseudowords differs in the separate groups of participants and is affected differently by the added visual noise. In the no-noise condition, the group with TD had the shortest time for reading words and short pseudowords, followed by the group with ASD, while their reading of long pseudowords was slightly slower than that of the ASD group. The noise increase evoked variations in the reading of groups with ASD and ADHD, which differed from the no-noise condition and the control group with TD. The lowest proportion of errors was observed in readers with TD. The reading performance of the DD group was the worst at all noise levels, with the most prolonged reading time and the highest proportion of errors. At the highest noise level, the participants from all groups read the words and pseudowords with similar reading speed and accuracy. Conclusions In reading words and pseudowords, the ASD, ADHD, and DD groups show difficulties specific for each disorder revealed in a prolonged reading time and a higher proportion of errors. The dissimilarity in reading abilities of the groups with different development is most evident when the accuracy and reading speed are linked together. Implications The use of noise that degrades the letter structure in the present study allowed us to separate the groups with ASD, ADHD, and DD and disclose specifics in the reading process of each disorder. Error type analysis may provide a basis to improve the educational strategies by appropriately structuring the learning process of children with TD, ASD, ADHD, and DD.
Studies within a trial priorities to improve the evidence to inform recruitment and retention practice in clinical trials
Authors: Boxall Cherish , Treweek Shaun , Gillies Katie ,   on behalf of the Trials Methodology Research Partnership Trial Conduct Working Group
Published: June 2022

Background Trial execution commonly relies on experience and judgement because there is a lack of evidence to inform how best to design and deliver clinical trials. Recruitment and retention are critical determinants to trial success have been persistent challenges that impact various stakeholders including funders, researchers, and the public. Studies within a trial (SWATs) are a way to discover best practices for recruitment and retention strategies, however, the current SWAT landscape has not been formally explored to date. This study aimed to (i) identify where current activity is taking place (ii) understand if SWATs are addressing PRioRiTY questions (iii) highlight gaps in the literature for future research. Methods In November 2020, registered SWATs in the SWAT repository store were extracted and categorised into ‘recruitment’, ‘retention’ or ‘other’ based on the primary outcome. Recruitment and retention SWATs were subsequently mapped against PRioRiTY 1 and 2 questions and descriptive statistics were used to present the findings. Results 125 registered SWATs were extracted from the repository. 50 and 36 SWATs reported recruitment and retention as their primary outcome, respectively. A majority of recruitment SWATs investigated what and how information should be designed and delivered to potential trial participants ( n = 23, 46%) and the advantages and disadvantages of using technology during the recruitment process ( n = 9, 18%). Three of the Top 10 PRioRiTY 1 questions had no SWATs mapped against them. A majority of retention SWATs focused on the best ways to encourage participants to complete trial tasks ( n = 24, 67%), how incentives should be implemented ( n = 10, 28%) and strategies to make participants feel valued ( n = 9, 25%). Five of the Top 10 PRioRiTY 2 questions had no SWATs mapped against them. Conclusions This study identified a mismatch between registered SWAT activity and the priority questions in recruitment and retention. Trial teams should consider the PRioRiTy 1 and 2 questions for recruitment and retention, respectively, when designing a SWAT. In addition, there is a great breadth of research taking place, but replication of existing research is needed to produce confident evidence-based guidance for trialists and researchers to implement into their work.
Development of High-Speed On–Off Valves and Their Applications
Authors: Wang He , Chen Zhen , Huang Jiahai , Quan Long , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the widespread application of the computer and microelectronic technology in the industry, digitization becomes the inevitable developing trend of the hydraulic technology. Digitization of the hydraulic components is critical in the digital hydraulic technology. High-speed on-off valves (HSVs) which convert a train of input pulses into the fast and accurate switching between the on and off states belong to widely used basic digital hydraulic elements. In some ways, the characteristics of the HSVs determine the performance of the digital hydraulic systems. This paper discusses the development of HSVs and their applications. First, the HSVs with innovative structures which is classified into direct drive valves and pilot operated valves are discussed, with the emphasis on their performance. Then, an overview of HSVs with intelligent materials is presented with considering of the switching frequency and flow capacity. Finally, the applications of the HSVs are reviewed, including digital hydraulic components with the integration of the HSVs and digital hydraulic systems controlled by the HSVs.
Giant idiopathic scrotal calcinosis: an exceptional case report in Mauritania
Authors: SOW Aboubakry , Diagana Mohamedou , Diop Aboubacry , Cheikhani Jdoud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Scrotal calcinosis is a rare idiopathic and benign condition, first described over a century ago by Lewinski. We report an exceptional case due to its size of a scrotal calcinosis.

Case presentation
Our patient is a 60-year-old African man with no remarkable medical history who complains of a large scrotal mass that has been evolving for 20 years and which had been causing discomfort and sexual problems. We performed a one-step surgical excision of the scrotal mass. Histopathological evaluation of the specimen confirms scrotal calcinosis. Calcium and phosphate blood tests are within normal range. There has been no recurrence after a one-year follow-up.

Conclusions
Scrotal calcinosis is a rare and benign condition whose treatment is surgical once diagnosed and has a good prognosis.
TuRLK1, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, is indispensable for stripe rust resistance of YrU1 and confers broad resistance to multiple pathogens
Authors: Zou Shenghao , Tang Yansheng , Xu Yang , Ji Jiahao , Lu Yuanyuan , Wang Huanming , Li Qianqian , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundYrU1 is a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein (NLR), with additional ankyrin-repeat and WRKY domains and confers effective resistance to stripe rust fungusPuccinia striiformisf. sp.Tritici(Pst). YrU1 was positionally cloned in the progenitor species of the A genome of bread wheat,Tricicum urartu,recently.However, the molecular mechanism and components involved in YrU1-mediated resistance are not clear.ResultsIn this study, we found that the transcript level ofTuRLK1, which encodes a novel leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, was up-regulated after inoculation withPstin the presence of YrU1, through RNA-seq analysis inT. urartuaccession PI428309. TuRLK1 contained only a small number of LRR motifs, and was localized in the plasma-membrane. Transient expression ofTuRLK1induced hypersensitive cell death response inN. benthamianaleaves. Silencing ofTuRLK1, using barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in PI428309 that contains YrU1, compromised the resistance against stripe rust caused byPstCY33, indicating that TuRLK1 was required for YrU1-activated plant immunity. Furthermore, overexpression ofTuRLK1could enhance powdery mildew resistance in bread wheat andArabidopsis thalianaafter inoculating with the corresponding pathogens.ConclusionsOur study indicates that TuRLK1 is required for immune response mediated by the unique NLR protein YrU1, and likely plays an important role in disease resistance to other pathogens.
The effect of disease co-occurrence measurement on multimorbidity networks: a population-based study
Authors: Monchka Barret A. , Leung Carson K. , Nickel Nathan C. , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Network analysis, a technique for describing relationships, can provide insights into patterns of co-occurring chronic health conditions. The effect that co-occurrence measurement has on disease network structure and resulting inferences has not been well studied. The purpose of the study was to compare structural differences among multimorbidity networks constructed using different co-occurrence measures.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using four fiscal years of administrative health data (2015/16 – 2018/19) from the province of Manitoba, Canada (population 1.5 million). Chronic conditions were identified using diagnosis codes from electronic records of physician visits, surgeries, and inpatient hospitalizations, and grouped into categories using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG) System. Pairwise disease networks were separately constructed using each of seven co-occurrence measures: lift, relative risk, phi, Jaccard, cosine, Kulczynski, and joint prevalence. Centrality analysis was limited to the top 20 central nodes, with degree centrality used to identify potentially influential chronic conditions. Community detection was used to identify disease clusters. Similarities in community structure between networks was measured using the adjusted Rand index (ARI). Network edges were described using disease prevalence categorized as low (< 1%), moderate (1 to < 7%), and high (≥7%). Network complexity was measured using network density and frequencies of nodes and edges.

Results
Relative risk and lift highlighted co-occurrences between pairs of low prevalence health conditions. Kulczynski emphasized relationships between high and low prevalence conditions. Joint prevalence focused on highly-prevalent conditions. Phi, Jaccard, and cosine emphasized associations involving moderately prevalent conditions. Co-occurrence measurement differences significantly affected the number and structure of identified disease clusters. When limiting the number of edges to produce visually interpretable graphs, networks had significant dissimilarity in the percentage of co-occurrence relationships in common, and in their selection of the highest-degree nodes.

Conclusions
Multimorbidity network analyses are sensitive to disease co-occurrence measurement. Co-occurrence measures should be selected considering their intrinsic properties, research objectives, and the health condition prevalence relationships of greatest interest. Researchers should consider conducting sensitivity analyses using different co-occurrence measures.
Comparative efficacy and safety of infliximab and vedolizumab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Arkkila Perttu , Armuzzi Alessandro , Danese Silvio , Guardiola Jordi , Jahnsen Jørgen , Lees Charles , Louis Edouard , Lukáš Milan , Reinisch Walter , Roblin Xavier , Jang Minyoung , Byun Han Geul , Kim Dong-Hyeon , Lee Sung Jeong , Atreya Raja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
There are limited comparative data for infliximab and vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab and vedolizumab in adult patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Results
We identified six eligible Crohn’s disease and seven eligible ulcerative colitis trials that randomised over 1900 participants per disease cohort to infliximab or vedolizumab. In the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cohorts, infliximab yielded better efficacy than vedolizumab for all analysed outcomes (CDAI-70, CDAI-100 responses, and clinical remission for Crohn’s disease and clinical response and clinical remission for ulcerative colitis) during the induction phase, with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. In the maintenance phase, similar proportions of infliximab- or vedolizumab-treated patients achieved clinical response, clinical remission, or mucosal healing in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. For the safety outcomes, rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, and discontinuations due to adverse events were similar in infliximab- and vedolizumab-treated patients in both diseases. The infection rate was higher in infliximab for Crohn’s disease and higher in vedolizumab when treating patients with ulcerative colitis. There was no difference between the treatments in the proportions of patients who reported serious infections in both indications.

Conclusions
Indirect comparison of infliximab and vedolizumab trials in adult patients with moderate-to severe Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis demonstrated that infliximab has better efficacy in the induction phase and comparable efficacy during the maintenance phase and overall safety profile compared to vedolizumab.
Association between childhood friendship and cognitive ageing trajectory in later life: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
Authors: Xie Jinzhao , Fan Xiaoyan , Yin Ping , Gu Jing , Yang Chengwu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Childhood experience has been suggested to affect cognitive function in later life. However, the association between childhood friendship status and cognitive ageing trajectory in middle-aged and older adults has not been fully assessed. This study examined the association between childhood friendship status and cognitive ageing trajectory and identified factors modifying this association.

Methods
We used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a national representative longitudinal study of adults aged 45 years or older, 2011–2018. The CHARLS included surveys on childhood friendship and cognitive assessments. Childhood friendship status was categorised as poor, fair, and good. To examine the association between childhood friendship and cognitive ageing trajectory in later life, we applied multilevel linear regression models, and explored potential influences of sociodemographic factors, health status and behaviours, and childhood conditions on this association.

Results
Of the 4,350 participants, 1,919 (44.1%) were women. The mean age was 56.29 ± 7.80 years. We found childhood friendship was significantly associated with cognitive ageing trajectory in later life, with a dose–response relationship. After adjusting for covariates, comparing to participants with poor childhood friendships, those with better childhood friendships had lower rates of cognitive decline (β = 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03 to 0.22 [interaction term of fair friendship and time]; β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.28 [interaction term of good friendship and time]) and higher level of cognitive functions (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.58 [fair friendships]; β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.79 [good friendships]). These associations were stronger for those who were female, less educated, and had experienced more adverse childhood experiences.

Conclusions
Childhood friendship is associated with cognitive ageing in later life. Enhancing childhood friendships can play an important role to promote healthy ageing in the future.
Continue or not to continue? Attitudes towards deprescribing among community-dwelling older adults in China
Authors: Tan Jie , Wang MinHong , Pei XiaoRui , Sun Quan , Lu ChongJun , Wang Ying , Zhang Li , Wu Chenkai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate prescribing of medications and polypharmacy among older adults are associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes. It is critical to understand the attitudes towards deprescribing—reducing the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs)—among this vulnerable group. Such information is particularly lacking in low - and middle-income countries.

Methods
In this study, we examined Chinese community-dwelling older adults’ attitudes to deprescribing as well as individual-level correlates. Through the community-based health examination platform, we performed a cross-sectional study by personally interviews using the revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire (version for older adults) in two communities located in Suzhou, China. We recruited participants who were at least 65 years and had at least one chronic condition and one prescribed medication.

Results
We included 1,897 participants in the present study; the mean age was 73.8 years (SD = 6.2 years) and 1,023 (53.9%) were women. Most of older adults had one chronic disease (n = 1,364 [71.9%]) and took 1–2 regular drugs (n = 1,483 [78.2%]). Half of the participants (n = 947, 50%) indicated that they would be willing to stop taking one or more of their medicines if their doctor said it was possible, and 924 (48.7%) older adults wanted to cut down on the number of medications they were taking. We did not find individual level characteristics to be correlated to attitudes to deprescribing.

Conclusions
The proportions of participants’ willingness to deprescribing were much lower than what prior investigations among western populations reported. It is important to identify the factors that influence deprescribing and develop a patient-centered and practical deprescribing guideline that is suitable for Chinese older adults.