bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social drivers of maturation age in female geladas
Authors: Feder Jacob A , Beehner Jacinta C , Baniel Alice , Bergman Thore J , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Lu Amy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFemale reproductive maturation is a critical life-history milestone, initiating an individual’s reproductive career. Studies in social mammals have often focused on how variables related to nutrition influence maturation age in females. However, parallel investigations have identified conspicuous male-mediated effects in which female maturation is sensitive to the presence and relatedness of males. Here, we evaluated whether the more “classic” socioecological variables (i.e., maternal rank, group size) predict maturation age in wild geladas—a primate species with known male-mediated effects on maturation and a grassy diet that is not expected to generate intense female competition. Females delayed maturation in the presence of their fathers and quickly matured when unrelated, dominant males arrived. Controlling for these male effects, however, higher-ranking daughters matured at earlier ages than lower-ranking daughters, suggesting an effect of within-group contest competition. However, contrary to predictions related to within-group scramble competition, females matured earliest in larger groups. We attribute this result to either: 1) a shift to “faster” development in response to the high infant mortality risk posed by larger groups; or 2) accelerated maturation triggered by brief, unobserved male visits. While earlier ages at maturation were indeed associated with earlier ages at first birth, these benefits were occasionally offset by male takeovers, which can delay successful reproduction via spontaneous abortion. In sum, rank-related effects on reproduction can still occur even when socioecological theory would predict otherwise, and males (and the risks they pose) may prompt female maturation even outside of successful takeovers.
Habitat choice versus habitat transformation in a nest-building fish: which matters most?
Authors: Dhamelincourt Marius , Rives Jacques , Lange Frédéric , Elosegi Arturo , Tentelier Cédric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Animals of many species lay their eggs in nests built to provide their offspring a suitable microhabitat during a critical phase of development. Nest characteristics result from two processes: habitat choice and modification that may impact differently nest suitability for eggs. This field-based study aimed to estimate their independent effects and their interaction effects on the capacity of sea lamprey nests to retain eggs. Physical variables linked to both habitat choice and habitat modification affected nest suitability, but higher effect sizes indicated the prevalence of habitat modification. The most retentive nests were built in habitats with slower current (habitat choice) and had steeper slope between the deepest part of the nest (pit) and the downstream mound (habitat modification); the positive effect of the steep slope increasing with flow velocity in the nest. Our results show that habitat choice and habitat modification must be taken into account in evolutionary or conservation studies that analyze nest-building animals.
DTI-HETA: prediction of drug–target interactions based on GCN and GAT on heterogeneous graph
Authors: Shao Kanghao , Zhang Yunhao , Wen Yuqi , Zhang Zhongnan , He Song , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrug–target interaction (DTI) prediction plays an important role in drug repositioning, drug discovery and drug design. However, due to the large size of the chemical and genomic spaces and the complex interactions between drugs and targets, experimental identification of DTIs is costly and time-consuming. In recent years, the emerging graph neural network (GNN) has been applied to DTI prediction because DTIs can be represented effectively using graphs. However, some of these methods are only based on homogeneous graphs, and some consist of two decoupled steps that cannot be trained jointly. To further explore GNN-based DTI prediction by integrating heterogeneous graph information, this study regards DTI prediction as a link prediction problem and proposes an end-to-end model based on HETerogeneous graph with Attention mechanism (DTI-HETA). In this model, a heterogeneous graph is first constructed based on the drug–drug and target–target similarity matrices and the DTI matrix. Then, the graph convolutional neural network is utilized to obtain the embedded representation of the drugs and targets. To highlight the contribution of different neighborhood nodes to the central node in aggregating the graph convolution information, a graph attention mechanism is introduced into the node embedding process. Afterward, an inner product decoder is applied to predict DTIs. To evaluate the performance of DTI-HETA, experiments are conducted on two datasets. The experimental results show that our model is superior to the state-of-the-art methods. Also, the identification of novel DTIs indicates that DTI-HETA can serve as a powerful tool for integrating heterogeneous graph information to predict DTIs.
Investigating Secondary Trauma in Student Placements: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Conroy Diana , Benaton Tonimarie , Babicova Ivana , Eate Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is well established that secondary trauma is a phenomenon that affects professionals in a range of health and social care settings, including social work. Whilst students going into placement are often exposed to similar experiences as qualified colleagues, limited research has been undertaken to investigate whether students suffer secondary trauma from their placement experience. This quantitative exploratory study of forty-five students on a Social Work and a Health and Social Care undergraduate degree course examined the potential impact of secondary trauma in placements using a Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. This article will explore secondary trauma, how students are prepared for placement and student well-being in general. The findings of the study indicated that no students appear to have suffered from secondary trauma in placements, suggesting that there may be other potential support mechanisms that could have reduced, impacted or negated the issue. A discussion of some of these mechanisms is explored. Finally, this article calls for educators and professionals in higher education and placement agencies/organisations to be aware of the potential impact on student well-being.
Structural (dys)connectivity associates with cholinergic cell density in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lin Chen Pei , Frigerio Irene , Boon Baayla D C , Zhou Zihan , Rozemuller Annemieke J M , Bouwman Femke H , Schoonheim Menno M , van de Berg Wilma D J , Jonkman Laura E 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, specifically amnestic (memory dominant) deficits, are associated with cholinergic degeneration in the basal forebrain. The cholinergic nucleus within the basal forebrain, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, exhibits local atrophy and reduced cortical tract integrity on MRI, and reveals amyloid-β and phosphorylated-tau pathology at autopsy. To understand the pathophysiology of nucleus basalis of Meynert atrophy and its neocortical projections in Alzheimer’s disease, we used a combined post-mortem in situ MRI and histopathology approach. A total of 19 Alzheimer’s disease (10 amnestic and nine non-amnestic) and nine non-neurological control donors underwent 3 T T1-weighted MRI for anatomical delineation and volume assessment of the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and diffusion-weighted imaging for microstructural assessment of the nucleus and its projections. At subsequent brain autopsy, tissue dissection and immunohistochemistry were performed for amyloid-β, phosphorylated-tau and choline acetyltransferase. Compared to controls, we observed an MRI-derived volume reduction and altered microstructural integrity of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer’s disease donors. Furthermore, decreased cholinergic cell density was associated with reduced integrity of the nucleus and its tracts to the temporal lobe, specifically to the temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus, and the parahippocampal gyrus. Exploratory post hoc subgroup analyses indicated that cholinergic cell density could be associated with cortical tract alterations in amnestic Alzheimer’s disease donors only. Our study illustrates that in Alzheimer’s disease, cholinergic degeneration in the nucleus basalis of Meynert may contribute to damaged cortical projections, specifically to the temporal lobe, leading to cognitive deterioration.
Taming the Barbarian Empress: Post-alteric Imaginary of Gender Egalitarianism and Pan-Chinese Nationalism in the Legend of Xiao Chuo
Authors: Kang Dongjing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Representations of ethnic minority women often symbolized China’s efforts in nation-building. This study uses insights from the post-alteric frame to analyze the images of the Khitan empress Xiao Yanyan in the 2020 TV series the Legend of Xiao Chuo (LXC). It uses a critical multimodal discourse analysis of the series and viewer comments to examine three images of Xiao as her relationships with two romantic partners unfolds: the unruly and innocent child; the self-sacrificing political victim; and the pan-Chinese superheroine. Taming the great Khitan empress has created a spectacular matriarchal fiction for cosmopolitan Chinese post-feminists and endorsed the grand narrative of assimilating ethnic minorities into the building of China’s identity as a pan-Chinese “melting-pot.”
Temporal trends of mortality in patients with infective endocarditis: a nationwide study
Authors: Jensen Andreas Dalsgaard , Østergaard Lauge , Petersen Jeppe Kofoed , Graversen Peter Laursen , Butt Jawad Haider , Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Dahl Anders , Bruun Niels Eske , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Little is known about the mortality for patients with infective endocarditis (IE) on a nationwide scale, and previous studies have been conducted in selected cohorts from tertiary centers. We aimed to investigate temporal trends in mortality using nationwide Danish registries.

Methods and results
We identified patients with first-time IE between 1999–2018, and they were grouped by calendar periods (1999–2003, 2004–2008, 2009–2013, 2014–2018). One-year mortality was estimated using Kaplan–Meier estimates. For calendar periods, odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using multivariable adjusted logistic regression and Cox proportional Hazards analyses for in-hospital and one-year mortality, respectively. We identified 8804 patients with IE. Age and proportions of men were: 66.7 (25th–75th percentile: 53.4–76.7) years and 59.9% in 1999–2003 and 72.8 (25th–75th percentile: 63.4–80.3) and 65.8% in 2014–2018. In-hospital mortality was 1999–2003: 24.5%, 2004–2008: 22.8%, 2009–2013: 18.8%, and 2014–2018: 18.3%. Relative to 1999–2003, adjusted likelihoods of in-hospital mortality were: OR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.96) in 2004–2008, OR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.50–0.69) in 2009–2013, and OR = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43–0.60) in 2014–2018. By calendar periods, crude risks of one-year mortality were: 34.4% (95% CI: 32.0–36.8%), 33.5% (95% CI: 31.5–35.6%), 32.1% (95% CI: 30.2–34.0%), and 33.1% (95% CI: 31.3–34.8%). Relative to 1999–2003, adjusted rates of one-year mortality were: HR = 0.88 (95% CI 0.79–0.99) in 2004–2008, HR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68–0.86) in 2009–2013, and HR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64–0.81) in 2014–2018.

Conclusion
In this nationwide study of patients with first-time IE between 1999–2018, both short- and long-term survival has improved over time when accounting for changes in patient characteristics.

One-sentence Summary
When accounting for patient characteristics, both short- and long-term mortality have improved in patients with first-time infective endocarditis.
Middle age serum sodium levels in the upper part of normal range and risk of heart failure
Authors: Dmitrieva Natalia I , Liu Delong , Wu Colin O , Boehm Manfred 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
With increasing prevalence of heart failure (HF) owing to the ageing population, identification of modifiable risk factors is important. In a mouse model, chronic hypohydration induced by lifelong water restriction promotes cardiac fibrosis. Hypohydration elevates serum sodium. Here, we evaluate the association of serum sodium at middle age as a measure of hydration habits with risk to develop HF.

Methods and results
We analysed data from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with middle age enrolment (45–66 years) and 25 years of follow-up. Participants without water balance dysregulation were selected: serum sodium within normal range (135–146 mmol/L), not diabetic, not obese and free of HF at baseline (N = 11 814). In time-to-event analysis, HF risk was increased by 39% if middle age serum sodium exceeded 143 mmol/L corresponding to 1% body weight water deficit [hazard ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.70]. In a retrospective case-control analysis performed on 70- to 90-year-old attendees of Visit 5 (N = 4961), serum sodium of 142.5–143 mmol/L was associated with 62% increase in odds of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% CI 1.03–2.55]. Serum sodium above 143 mmol/L was associated with 107% increase in odds of LVH (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.30–3.28) and 54% increase in odds of HF (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06–2.23). As a result, prevalence of HF and LVH was increased among 70- to 90-year-old participants with higher middle age serum sodium.

Conclusion
Middle age serum sodium above 142 mmol is a risk factor for LVH and HF. Maintaining good hydration throughout life may slow down decline in cardiac function and decrease prevalence of HF.
An exposomic framework to uncover environmental drivers of aging
Authors: Kalia Vrinda , Belsky Daniel W , Baccarelli Andrea A , Miller Gary W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The exposome, the environmental complement of the genome, is an omics level characterization of an individual’s exposures. There is growing interest in uncovering the role of the environment in human health using an exposomic framework that provides a systematic and unbiased analysis of the non-genetic drivers of health and disease. Many environmental toxicants are associated with molecular hallmarks of aging. An exposomic framework has potential to advance understanding of these associations and how modifications to the environment can promote healthy aging in the population. However, few studies have used this framework to study biological aging. We provide an overview of approaches and challenges in using an exposomic framework to investigate environmental drivers of aging. While capturing exposures over a life course is a daunting and expensive task, the use of historical data can be a practical way to approach this research.
Secondary infection withStreptococcus pneumoniaedecreases influenza virus replication and is linked to severe disease
Authors: Mueller Brown Karina , Le Sage Valerie , French Andrea J , Jones Jennifer E , Padovani Gabriella H , Avery Annika J , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Rosch Jason W , Hiller N Luisa , Lakdawala Seema S 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTSecondary bacterial infection is a common complication in severe influenza virus infections. During the H1N1 pandemic of 2009, increased mortality was observed among healthy young adults due to secondary bacterial pneumonia, one of the most frequent bacterial species being Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Previous studies in mice and ferrets have suggested a synergistic relationship between Spn and influenza viruses. In this study, the ferret model was used to examine whether secondary Spn infection (strains BHN97 and D39) influence replication and airborne transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09). Secondary infection with Spn after H1N1pdm09 infection consistently resulted in a significant decrease in viral titers in the ferret nasal washes. While secondary Spn infection appeared to negatively impact influenza virus replication, animals precolonized with Spn were equally susceptible to H1N1pdm09 airborne transmission. In line with previous work, ferrets with preceding H1N1pdm09 and secondary Spn infection had increased bacterial loads and more severe clinical symptoms as compared to animals infected with H1N1pdm09 or Spn alone. Interestingly, the donor animals that displayed the most severe clinical symptoms had reduced airborne transmission of H1N1pdm09. Based on these data, we propose an asymmetrical relationship between these two pathogens, rather than a synergistic one, since secondary bacterial infection enhances Spn colonization and pathogenesis but decreases viral titers.
Lack of N-glycosylation increases amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Lin Tong , van Husen Lea S , Yu Yang , Tjernberg Lars O , Schedin-Weiss Sophia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitously expressed type 1 transmembrane protein mostly known for serving as a precursor to the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a culprit in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, APP also has important physiological functions by being implicated in, for instance, adhesion, signaling, neuronal development, and synaptic function. Human APP contains 2 N-glycosylation sites, at asparagine (N) 467 (N467) and N496. Here, we studied the role of N-glycosylation on APP trafficking and processing by constructing APP-SNAP plasmid vectors for wildtype APP and N-glycosylation site mutants in which N467 or N496 was replaced by glutamine (Q) and expressed these in HEK293T cells. Lack of either of the 2 N-glycans resulted in a reduction in the size of intracellular APP-SNAP-positive vesicles and a reduction of APP-SNAP in the plasma membrane and lysosomes. Importantly, loss of either of the 2 N-glycans resulted in elevated levels of intracellular as well as secreted Aβ42. These data suggest that N-glycans have a major impact on trafficking and processing of APP and could play an important role in the development of AD.
Parametric optimization procedure for efficient window design of educational buildings in the Pearl River Delta of China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Yuping , Chen Xingjiang , Xia Dawei , Huang Yu , Lou Siwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Windows are responsible for the largest amount of energy loss related to building envelope. Past studies on the energy consumption of windows have mainly focused on residential and commercial buildings, while few studies have explored the energy consumption of windows in educational buildings. The sizes and locations of classroom windows affect not only the building energy consumption but also the indoor environment quality, which is an issue that needs to be balanced. This paper takes a classroom in Guangzhou as the object. Under the premise of meeting the lighting standards of the classroom, two parameters—window height and sill height —were simulated in different corridors of north–south and east–west classrooms to analyse the impact of their changes on the indoor environment as well as energy consumption based on the parametric platform Grasshopper and its plug-ins Ladybug and Honeybee. The energy consumption of a number of fenestration combinations on both sides of the classroom was optimized automatically by genetic algorithm, and the sizes and positions of windows that benefitted energy savings were obtained. In the best case ~16.6% of energy consumed in a whole year can be saved compared with the worst case. This conclusion can provide a quick decision-making process for the design of window shapes for the purpose of energy savings in the early design stage of educational buildings in the Pearl River Delta such that energy savings can be quickly and clearly guaranteed in the subsequent window configuration.
Clinical and In Vitro Evidence Favoring Immunoglobulin Treatment of a Chronic Norovirus Infection in a Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: van Kampen Jeroen J A , Dalm Virgil A S H , Fraaij Pieter L A , Oude Munnink Bas B , Schapendonk Claudia M E , Izquierdo-Lara Ray W , Villabruna Nele , Ettayebi Khalil , Estes Mary K , Koopmans Marion P G , de Graaf Miranda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Immunocompromised individuals can become chronically infected with norovirus, but effective antiviral therapies are not yet available.

Methods
Treatments with nitazoxanide, ribavirin, interferon alpha-2a, and nasoduodenally administered immunoglobulins were evaluated sequentially in an immunocompromised patient chronically infected with norovirus. In support, these components were also applied to measure norovirus inhibition in intestinal enteroid cultures in vitro. Viral RNA levels were determined in fecal and plasma samples during each treatment and viral genomes were sequenced.

Results
None of the antivirals resulted in a reduction of viral RNA levels in feces or plasma. However, during ribavirin treatment, there was an increased accumulation of virus genome mutations. In vitro, an effect of interferon alpha-2a on virus replication was observed and a genetically related strain was neutralized effectively in vitro using immunoglobulins and post-norovirus–infection antiserum. In agreement, after administration of immunoglobulins, the patient cleared the infection.

Conclusions
Intestinal enteroid cultures provide a relevant system to evaluate antivirals and the neutralizing potential of immunoglobulins. We successfully treated a chronically infected patient with immunoglobulins, despite varying results reported by others. This case study provides in-depth, multifaceted exploration of norovirus treatment that can be used as a guidance for further research towards norovirus treatments.
EQUAL Trichosporon Score 2022: an ECMM score to measure QUALity of the clinical management of invasive Trichosporon infections
Authors: Sprute Rosanne , Bethe Ullrich , Chen Sharon C.-A. , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Invasive infections due to Trichosporon spp. are life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections that require complex clinical management. Guidelines assist clinicians but can be challenging to comply with.

Objectives
To develop a scoring tool to facilitate and quantify adherence to current guideline recommendations for invasive trichosporonosis.

Methods
We reviewed the current guideline for managing rare yeast infections (ECMM, ISHAM and ASM). The most important recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up were assembled and weighted according to their strength of recommendation and level of evidence. Additional items considered highly relevant for clinical management were also included.

Results
The resulting EQUAL Trichosporon Score 2022 comprises 18 items, with a maximum score of 39 points. For diagnostics, seven or eight items, depending on whether organ involvement is present or not, apply, resulting in a maximum of 18 or 21 points. Recommendations on diagnostics include imaging, infectious diseases expert consultation, culture, microscopy, molecular techniques, histopathology, and susceptibility testing. For treatment, six recommendations with a maximum of ten points were identified, with two additional points for organ involvement and one point for second-line treatment in uncontrolled disease. Treatment recommendations include immediate initiation, source control, pharmacological treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring, treatment duration and surgical intervention. Follow-up comprises two items with five points maximum, covering follow-up blood cultures and imaging.

Conclusions
The EQUAL Trichosporon Score weighs and aggregates factors recommended for optimal management of Trichosporon infections. It provides a tool for antifungal stewardship as well as for measuring guideline adherence, but remains to be correlated with patient outcomes.