bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pamiparib induces neurodevelopmental defects and cerebral haemorrhage in zebrafish embryos via inhibiting notch signaling
Authors: Yang Dou , Liu Fasheng , Wan Mengqi , Liu Jieping , Huang Ling , Chen Chao , Li Xue , Zhang Li , Ding Xiaobing , Liao Xinjun , Xiong Guanghua , Lu Huiqiang , Xiao Juhua , Cao Zigang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pamiparib is a PARP inhibitor used in clinical studies, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier efficiently. At present, there are few studies on its effect on vertebrate neurodevelopment. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 1, 2 and 3 µM of Pamiparib from 6 to 72 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Results showed that Pamiparib can specifically induce cerebral haemorrhage, brain atrophy and movement disorders in fish larvae. In addition, Pamiparib exposure leads to down-regulation of acetylcholinesterase and ATPase activity, and up-regulation of oxidative stress which then leads to apoptosis and disrupts the gene expression involved in the neurodevelopment and neurotransmitter pathways.Meanwhile, astaxanthin can partially rescue neurodevelopmental defects by downregulating oxidative stress. After exposure to Pamiparib, the notch signaling is down-regulated, and the use of an activator of notch signaling can partially prevent neurodevelopmental toxicity. Therefore, our research indicates that Pamiparib may induce zebrafish neurotoxicity by down-regulating notch signalling related genes and inducing oxidative stress.
A spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia attenuates cardiovascular responses for double-lumen tube tracheal intubation
Authors: Changlin Chen , Di Wen , Yizheng Wang , Hongqiong Li , Qi Yu , Mao Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia and nerve block technique are commonly used in awake tracheal intubation. However, their effects have not been described for double-lumen tube intubation. A prospective randomized study was designed to compare their intubation effects in thoracic surgery patients. Methods: Sixty-six ASA physical status I and II patients were scheduled to undergo double-lumen tube(DLT) tracheal intubation for thoracic surgery. They were randomly assigned into control (Group C), ultrasound (Group U), and flexible intubation scope (Group F) groups with 22 cases in each group. Patients in Group C were induced with a standard anesthetic regimen. Patients in Group U and Group F were treated with superior laryngeal nerve(SLN) block combined with transtracheal injection and given a spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia respectively before intubation. Hemodynamic variables during intubation were recorded. Additional patient data were recorded including the occurrence of adverse events, the level of hoarseness, the occurrence of sore throat, memory function and the level of patient satisfaction with anesthesia. Results: The blood pressure and heart rate of patients in group C significantly increased 1 min after tracheal intubation (P<0.05) compared to before anesthesia yet the blood pressure and heart rate of patients in Groups U and F remained stable. During observation, there were 10 cases of hypertension in Group C, 6 cases in Group U and 1 case in Group F. In Group C, tachycardia was observed in 9 patients along with 9 cases in Group U and 4 cases in Group F. In Group U, 4 patients experienced puncture and bleeding were and 8 patients had a poor memory of transtracheal injection. No significant differences were found in the incidence of hoarseness, sore throat, and satisfaction with anesthesia in postoperative follow-up. Conclusions: Spray-as-you-go airway topical anesthesia and SLN block combined with transtracheal injection technique can inhibit the cardiovascular response during DLT tracheal intubation. The spray-as-you-go technique has fewer complications and more advantages compared to other approaches.
Incidence and Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction: Single-Center Observation in the Javanese Population
Authors: Safril Jefry Wahyudi , Sumarta Ni Putu Mira , Rizqiawan Andra , Rasyida Anindita Zahratur , Busri Abdul Muin Hasan , Rahman Muhammad Zeshaan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundImpaction of third molars is often found in dental practice. Since reported in history on the discovery of the mandible bone 13.000–15.000 BC, research on dental impaction continues to grow. In the modern population, the highest prevalence is found in the impaction of mandibular third molars. There is a limited study regarding the impact pattern of mandibular third molars.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact pattern of mandibular third molars in populations in Surabaya and the surrounding area in East Java, Indonesia.MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the impact patterns of mandibular third molars from the medical record data of patients at the Maxillofacial Oral Surgery Clinic of the Dental Hospital of Universitas Airlangga from July 2017-June 2019. Data were processed by age group, sex, angulation type, level position, complaint, indication was performed odontectomy and analyzed using chi-square significance of p-value ≤ 0.05.Results1057 cases of impacted third molar teeth with a prevalence of 72%. The highest group was found aged 20–24 years (42.5%) female (60.7%), mesioangular angulation type (41.9%), level of impacted IIA impacted teeth (66.9%), local pain complaint (86.3%), and pericoronitis as an indication for odontectomy (56.3%). There is a significant difference between sex and age with angulation of impacted tooth (p < 0.05)ConclusionImpaction of mandibular third molars was found in the young age group, most characteristics in women, mesioangular angulation, level IIA position with the complaint of local pain around impacted teeth and pericoronitis as an indication of odontectomy. Trial Registration: Number 694/HRECC.FODM/X/2019.
Asymptomatic Surveillance Testing for COVID-19 in Health Care Professional Students: Lessons learned from a low prevalence setting
Authors: Burrows Alyssa G. , Linton Sophia , Thiele Jenny , Sheth Prameet M. , Evans Gerald A. , Archer Stephen , Doliszny Katharine M. , Finlayson Marcia , Flynn Leslie , Gong Yanping , Huang Yun , Kasmani Azim , Moore Kieran , Sanfilippo Anthony , Snelgrove-Clarke Erna , Tripp Dean A. , Walker David M.C. , Vanner Stephen , Ellis Anne K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the training of health care professional students because of concerns of potential asymptomatic transmission to colleagues and vulnerable patients. From May 27th, 2020, to June 23rd 2021; at a time when B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) were the dominant circulating variants, PCR testing was conducted on 1,237 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 457 asymptomatic health care professional students as they returned to their studies from across Canada to Kingston, ON, a low prevalence area during that period for COVID-19. Despite 46.7% of COVID-19 infections occurring in the 18–29 age group in Kingston, severe-acute-respiratory coronavirus-2 was not detected in any of the samples suggesting that negligible asymptomatic infection occurred in this group and that PCR testing in this setting may not be warranted as a screening tool.
Vulnerability and ecological importance of species used for the management of hypertension and diabetes in the sub-sahelian area of Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Compaoré Souleymane , Ouédraogo Lassané , Bancé Alimata , Belemnaba Lazare , Ouedraogo Noufou , Ouedraogo Sylvin , Thiombiano Adjima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Hypertension and diabetes are major public health issues in developed and low-income countries today. The prevalence of these diseases is higher in low-income countries due to high population density, weak health care systems, and a high number of undiagnosed and untreated people. Due to these factors, the majority of patients rely heavily on herbal medicines for their management. This study aimed to assess the vulnerability and ecological importance of species of interest for the two diseases in the sub-sahelian area of Burkina Faso. Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with 70 Traditional healers from the departments of Kaya and Barsalogho using a questionary. Floristic inventories followed by measurements of diameters at breast height (dbh) were conducted on 50 plots of 50m x 20m. Results: Ethnobotanical surveys identified 36 species that are used for the management of hypertension and diabetes; 25 woody species were vulnerable (IV ≥ 2). Among these species, Cadaba farinosa, Lannea acida, Parkia biglobosa, Saba senegalensis, Sclerocarya birrea, Tamarindus indica, Ximenia americana, and Ziziphus mauritiana were highly vulnerable (IV ≥ 2.5). Consistent with the Traditional healers perception, most of these highly vulnerable species were rare (RI ≥ 80%) in the sample units. In addition, only Combretum micranthum and Cassia sieberiana had the highest importance value indices. Conclusions: These results justify that there is a real threat to heavily used species. It appears necessary for traditional healers to apply the right methods of plant use that will not compromise the availability of local plant resources.
Management of subaxial cervical spine fracture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Luan Haopeng , Liu Kai , Wang Yao , Sheng Weibin , Maimaiti Maierdan , Deng Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To assess the efficacy of anterior, posterior, and combined anterior and posterior surgery in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with subaxial cervical spine fracture (SCSF).Methods: From January 2010 to January 2019, the medical records and imaging films of patients with AS combined with SCSF treated by anterior, posterior, and combined anterior and posterior bone grafting, and fusion using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were assessed retrospectively. The demographic data, duration of AS, mechanism of injury, fracture type, bone fusion time, follow-up time, and complications were recorded. Postoperative neurological recovery of the patients was assessed and compared according to the ASIA classification. Results: A total of 37 patients with AS combined with SCSF were successfully treated by surgery, with a mean follow-up time of 39.4 ± 8.6 months. Eleven patients were managed by the anterior surgery, posterior surgery for 13 patients, and combined anterior and posterior surgery for 13 patients, with a mean bone fusion time of 8.5 ± 2.2 months. At the final follow-up, there was a statistical difference in ASIA grade between the preoperative and postoperative (P < 0.05). Twenty-four cases were improved to grade E (64.8%), and 10 cases were improved to grade D (27%). The incidence of complications was 8.1% (3/37).Conclusions: Combined anterior and posterior surgery was a practical method for the treatment of patients with severe osteoporosis and neurological compression symptoms, three-column fracture combined with sagittal imbalance.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Diarrheal Diseases Among Children Below Five Years in Selected Slum Settlements in Entebbe Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda
Authors: Nantege Robinah , Kajoba Dickson , Ddamulira Christopher , Ndoboli Fred , Ndungutse David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite global interventions to prevent and control diarrhea, it still remains a public health problem leading to childhood morbidity and mortality majorly in developing countries. In Uganda, diarrhea is amongst the five leading causes of under-five mortality, contributing to more than 140,000 deaths every year and this accounts for 7.1% of all under-five mortalities in Uganda. Efforts to prevent and lower diarrheal diseases need to be informed by data on determinants of diarrhea. The study assessed factors associated with diarrheal diseases among children below five years in selected slum settlements in Entebbe municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda.Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design covering 384 randomly selected households having children < 5 years old in the study area using quantitative research methods. Data was collected using close-ended questionnaires and diarrhea disease history was captured for the last month before the survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses was to identify the risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea considering a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05.Results: Diarrhea disease in children among the selected slum settlements in Entebbe municipality was found to be at 62.4%. Access to water from a protected water source (deep well and borehole), presence of a vent in toilets, age, and child birth weight were found to be significantly associated with diarrheal diseases among children below five years.Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood diarrhea among children < 5 years of age in selected slums of Entebbe municipality was found high. Use of water from a protected source, presence of a vent in toilets, age, and child birth weight were identified as predictors of diarrhea occurrence. These findings implied that community health education is urgently needed for fighting childhood diarrhea in the study area to eliminate the predisposing factors to diarrhea.
Efficiency of ribavirin to eliminate apple scar skin viroid from apple plants
Authors: Hu Guojun , Dong Yafeng , Zhang Zunping , Fan Xudong , Ren Fang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) is a major pathogen of apples that can result in significant economic losses in the apple industry. In this study, ASSVd- and apple stem grooving virus (ASGV)-infected Malus pumila 'Spy 227' apple plants were treated with ribavirin to determine its elimination efficiency. Ribavirin at 25 and 50 µg/mL (R25 and R50) did not inhibit ASSVd in apple plants regenerated from hydroponic culture. However, the elimination rates of ASGV in R25- and R50-treated plants were 44.5% and 50.0%, respectively. The ability of different concentrations of ribavirin (10, 20, and 30 µg/mL, R10, R20, and R30) to eliminate ASSVd and ASGV from in vitro plants was also evaluated. No phytotoxicity was observed during the treatment. Ribavirin increased the growth and proliferation of in vitro apple plants. The titers of ASSVd were similar throughout the treatment period, but ASGV declined. The concentration and duration of ribavirin also affected the regeneration of in vitro plants. The average survival rate of plants (80.8%) regenerated from R30 was similar to that of CK (82.5%) and was 14.2% and 16.3% higher than that of R10 and R20, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the eradication efficiency of regenerated plants. The average elimination rates of ASSVd and ASGV were 1.6% and 78.7%, respectively. A low elimination rate of ASSVd was found in R30 (2.8%) at 45 d, and it was still less than 10% at the end of the treatment.
Improved Physical, thermal, and conductivity strength of ternary nanocomposite films of PVDF/PMMA/GO NPs for electrical applications
Authors: Ragab H. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites samples polyvinylidene fluoride/Polymethyl methacrylate (PVDF/PMMA) mixed with various concentrations of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs) were created using solution casting and ultrasonic-assisted solution casting processes. The characteristics of the manufactured polymer samples were studied using XRD, FTIR, TEM, TGA, and DSC. The AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of PVDF/PMMA-GO nanocomposites were examined as a function of GO concentrations. XRD analysis demonstrates the semicrystalline PVDF/PMMA and shows that the doped PVDF/PMMA films have a lower crystallinity degree (Xc) than the pure blend. The interaction between the GO ions and the PVDF/PMMA matrices is demonstrated by significant fluctuations in the FTIR spectra. TEM revealed that the GO nanoparticles were produced in spherical and cubic shapes, with an average size of 18.6 nm. The energy gap of nanocomposite films reduced as the GO concentration in the polymer mix increased, decreasing from 4.24 eV to 3.71 eV for the indirect transition. The PVDF/PMMA exhibits a single glass transition temperature (Tg) according to the DSC study, showing that the PVDF and PMMA are miscible. The melting point of the nanocomposite films increased from 244.39 oC to 251.56 oC, increasing their thermal stability. TGA curves showed that the PVDF/PMMA polymeric matrix had increased thermal stability. Dielectric constant and loss analyses have been performed to gain a better knowledge of charge storage properties and conductivity relaxation. The highest ionic conductivity of PVDF/PMMA blended with 0.08 wt. GO nanofiller is ~7.23 × 10-5 S/cm. These findings are expected to have a considerable effect on a wide range of applications, such as polymer solar cells, nanoelectronics, polymer organic semiconductors, and energy storage.
Genetic Analysis and Adaptation Assessment of Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines and Derived Hybrids under Conditions of Low Soil Nitrogen and Drought Stress
Authors: Owusu Godfred Afrifa , Abe Ayodeji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties are rich in lysine and tryptophan, but suffer reduced grain yield (GY) in West and Central Africa (WCA) due to low soil nitrogen (low-N) and intermittent drought stress (DS). Development of stress tolerant QPM hybrids will enhance sustainable maize production and improve nutritional health in WCA. Knowledge of combining ability, gene action and heterotic grouping of QPM inbred lines are crucial to successful breeding strategies for the development of superior hybrids with enhanced nutritional values. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the combining ability for GY and other yield traits among 13 newly developed QPM inbred lines, (ii) assign the QPM inbred lines to distinct heterotic groups based on general combining ability effects of multiple traits (HGCAMT) (iii) assess GY performance and yield stability of the single-cross hybrids generated from the inbred lines and (iv) examine the interrelationships among traits contributing to variation in GY of the QPM hybrids under low-N and DS conditions. Seventy-eight single cross hybrids were generated through half-diallel mating of 13 QPM inbred lines and evaluated along with three commercial checks for grain yield and its related traits under low-N and DS conditions. Significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were obtained for grain yield (GY) and yield-related traits. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in the inheritance of GY and other traits under low-N and DS conditions. However, for GY additive gene effect was twice as large as non-additive gene effect. Three heterotic groups were each delineated under low-N and DS. Inbred lines, CRIZEQ-44 and CRIZEQ-77 belonging to different heterotic groups were identified as testers for development of superior hybrids for low-N and DS environments. The GY of hybrids ranged from 1092 to 4373 kg/ha and 2543 to 7711 kg/ha, respectively under low-N and high-N conditions, and from 1072 to 4020 kg/ha and 2313 to 7404 kg/ha, under DS and WW condition, respectively. Grain yield reduction due to DS and low-N were 49.5 and 48.3%, respectively. Hybrids CRIZEQ-44 × CRIZEQ-77 was the highest yielding and most stable hybrid across all the growing conditions and should be further evaluated on-farm for release and commercialisation. Number of ears per plant, silking date and plant aspect had positive direct effects on GY and should be included in the selection criteria for improved GY under low-N and DS conditions.
Selected abnormalities of somatic development in Polish children with osteogenesis imperfecta – a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz Elżbieta , Maćkowska Anna , Nowicki Jakub , Woźniak Elżbieta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) causes a number of abnormalities in somatic development. The predominant symptoms are reduced bone mass and an increased risk of fractures as well as bone deformities and short stature. Due to the lack of causal treatment options, bisphosphonates are considered the gold standard of therapy. The aim of our study is to present selected anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, BMI) in children with type I and III of OI. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type I and III confirmed by genetic testing. The study group included individuals admitted to the Department in 2020. We analysed the anthropometric parameters of 108 children (receiving and not receiving bisphosphonates treatment).ResultsIn the group of children with OI type I admitted for follow-up (group 1), the median height percentile was 37, while in the group 2 it was 17. In the patients with OI type III (group 3), the median height percentile was 0.1. The median body mass percentile in group 1 was 21, in group 2 it was 5, whereas in group 3 - 0.1. The differences in anthropometric measurements of the patients with OI type I and OI type III were statistically significant (p<0.001).Among the analysed patients, an abnormal BMI was found in 41.67% of whom 37.78% were underweight, 48.89% were overweight and 13.33% were obese.ConclusionsConsidering prevalence of the disease, it is not only low stature but also abnormal BMI, and especially excessive body weight, that play an important role in the somatic development disorder.
Larvicidal efficacy and mode of action of compound composition from Adiantum latifolium on Oryctes rhinoceros
Authors: R. Pradeep Kumar , D.A. Evans 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Oryctes rhinoceros Linn., a well known pest of coconut palm, causes irrecoverable damage, reduction in yield and death of the plant. Insecticides with novel mode of action, more target selective and biodegradable are needed to replace the impacts of synthetic pesticides. Unexplored phytochemicals may have unknown site of action, which are selective to insects and, are safe for humans and the environment. Adiantum latifolium is a shade loving fern resistant to pathogens due to the presence of phytocompounds. The study was undertaken to find out the larvicidal efficacy of a compound composition of triterpenoids isolated from the leaves of A. latifolium against O. rhinoceros and its mode of action. The compounds showed antibacterial activity against gut bacteria of the larvae and larvicidal activity (LD50, 19.55 mg/kg), weight loss, 20-hydroxyecdysone titre and precocious metamorphosis of the larvae.. It also induced immunotoxicological effects via cellular and numerical changes of haemocytes in the haemolymph. The synergistic interaction of the triterpenoids is useful in the preparation of improved biopesticides.