bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of genetic diversity and volatile content of commercially grown banana (Musa spp.) cultivars
Authors: Hinge Vidya R. , Shaikh Irfan M. , Chavhan Rahul L. , Deshmukh Abhijit S. , Shelake Rahul Mahadev , Ghuge Sandip A. , Dethe Amol M. , Suprasanna Penna , Kadam Ulhas Sopanrao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBanana is an important fruit crop in the tropics and subtropics; however, limited information on biomarkers and signature volatiles is available for selecting commercial cultivars. Clonal fidelity is a major contributor to banana yield and aroma; however, there are no useful biomarkers available to validate clonal fidelity. In this study, we performed the molecular profiling of 20 banana cultivars consisting of diploid (AA or AB) and triploid (AAA or AAB or ABB) genomic groups. We screened 200 molecular markers, of which 34 markers (11 RAPD, 11 ISSR, and 12 SSR) yielded unequivocally scorable biomarker profiles. About 75, 69, and 24 allelic loci per marker were detected for RAPD, ISSR, and SSR markers, respectively. The statistical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) exhibited a high genetic difference of 77% with a significant FST value of 0.23 (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the UBC-858 and SSR CNMPF-13 markers were unique to Grand Nain and Ardhapuri cultivars, respectively, which could be used for clonal fidelity analysis. Furthermore, the analysis of banana fruit volatilome using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS) revealed a total of fifty-four volatile compounds in nine banana cultivars with 56% of the total volatile compounds belonging to the ester group as the significant contributor of aroma. The study assumes significance with informative biomarkers and signature volatiles which could be helpful in breeding and for the authentic identification of commercial banana cultivars.
Automated machine learning for differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on multiphasic MRI
Authors: Hu Rong , Li Huizhou , Horng Hannah , Thomasian Nicole M. , Jiao Zhicheng , Zhu Chengzhang , Zou Beiji , Bai Harrison X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith modern management of primary liver cancer shifting towards non-invasive diagnostics, accurate tumor classification on medical imaging is increasingly critical for disease surveillance and appropriate targeting of therapy. Recent advancements in machine learning raise the possibility of automated tools that can accelerate workflow, enhance performance, and increase the accessibility of artificial intelligence to clinical researchers. We explore the use of an automated Tree-Based Optimization Tool that leverages a genetic programming algorithm for differentiation of the two common primary liver cancers on multiphasic MRI. Manual and automated analyses were performed to select an optimal machine learning model, with an accuracy of 73–75% (95% CI 0.59–0.85), sensitivity of 70–75% (95% CI 0.48–0.89), and specificity of 71–79% (95% CI 0.52–0.90) on manual optimization, and an accuracy of 73–75% (95% CI 0.59–0.85), sensitivity of 65–75% (95% CI 0.43–0.89) and specificity of 75–79% (95% CI 0.56–0.90) for automated machine learning. We found that automated machine learning performance was similar to that of manual optimization, and it could classify hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with an sensitivity and specificity comparable to that of radiologists. However, automated machine learning performance was poor on a subset of scans that met LI-RADS criteria for LR-M. Exploration of additional feature selection and classifier methods with automated machine learning to improve performance on LR-M cases as well as prospective validation in the clinical setting are needed prior to implementation.
Physiological and morphological effects of a marine heatwave on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa
Authors: Deguette Alizé , Barrote Isabel , Silva João 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity as part of climate change, yet their impact on seagrass is poorly known. The present work evaluated the physiological and morphological responses of Cymodocea nodosa to a MHW. C. nodosa shoots were transplanted into a mesocosm facility. To simulate a MHW, water temperature was raised from 20 to 28 °C, kept 7 days at 28 °C, cooled down back to 20 °C and then maintained at 20 °C during an 8-day recovery period. The potentially stressful effects of the simulated heatwave on the photosynthetic performance, antioxidative-stress level and area vs dry weight ratio of leaves were investigated. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) increased during the heatwave, allowing the plants to maintain their photosynthetic activity at control level. Negative effects on the photosynthetic performance and leaf biomass of C. nodosa were observed during the recovery period. No significant oxidative stress was observed throughout the experiment. Overall, although C. nodosa showed a relative tolerance to MHWs compared to other species, its population in Ria Formosa is likely to be negatively affected by the forecasted climate change scenarios.
A variational level set model with kernel metric induced local image fitting energy
Authors: Yan Junxiao , Tang Liming , Ren Yanjun , Zhang Honglu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActive contour based methods are effective models for image segmentation. However, they always suffer from the limited performance due to the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity. To solve this problem, a kernel metric induced local image fitting (KLIF) variational model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a kernel metric induced local fitting image (KLFI) is introduced by minimising a kernel metric based energy. The combination of the kernel metric and the local fitting image enables the model to be more robust to the noise and intensity inhomogeneity. And then, using the KLFI, a variational level set model that is a squared l2 distance between the KLFI and the original image is constructed. Two regularisation terms are employed in the model to keep the level set function to be stable during the evolution. At last, an alternating iterative algorithm combining with fixed‐point iteration and gradient descent of three‐step time‐splitting is introduced to solve the proposed model. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed model for image segmentation in the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity, and demonstrate the competitive performance over several state‐of‐the‐art variational models in term of accuracy and robustness.
The halo-finding problem revisited: a deep revision of the ASOHF code
Authors: Vallés-Pérez David , Planelles Susana , Quilis Vicent 
Published: May 2022

Context. New-generation cosmological simulations are providing huge amounts of data, whose analysis becomes itself a pressing computational problem. In particular, the identification of gravitationally bound structures, known as halo finding, is one of the main analyses. Several codes that were developed for this task have been presented during the past years.
Aims. We present a deep revision of the code ASOHF. The algorithm was thoroughly redesigned in order to improve its capabilities of finding bound structures and substructures using both dark matter particles and stars, its parallel performance, and its abilities of handling simulation outputs with vast amounts of particles. This upgraded version of ASOHF is conceived to be a publicly available tool.
Methods. A battery of idealised and realistic tests are presented in order to assess the performance of the new version of the halo finder.
Results. In the idealised tests, ASOHF produces excellent results. It is able to find virtually all the structures and substructures that we placed within the computational domain. When the code is applied to realistic data from simulations, the performance of our finder is fully consistent with the results from other commonly used halo finders. The performance in substructure detection is remarkable. In addition, ASOHF is extremely efficient in terms of computational cost.
Conclusions. We present a publicly available deeply revised version of the ASOHF halo finder. The new version of the code produces remarkable results in terms of halo and subhalo finding capabilities, parallel performance, and low computational cost.
Long-term variations in precipitable water vapor and temperature at Lenghu Site
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yang Fan , Chen Xiaodian , Zhang Xian , Ma Jifang , Kong Xianghui , Fu Xiaoting , Li Ruiyue , Wei Yong , Yao Zhonghua , He Fei , Pan Jun , Deng Licai 
Published: May 2022

Context. A high-quality astronomical observing site, the Lenghu site, was recently discovered on the Tibetan Plateau. The statistical analysis of site quality monitor data collected so far have indicated that the precipitable water vapor (PWV) is lower than 2 mm for 55% of the night. The nighttime temperature is also very stable; the median of the intranight variation amplitude is only 2.4 °C.
Aims. The long-term trend of the PWV and temperature variations, which is essential for future facilities operating at infrared, millimeter, and submillimeter wavelengths, is investigated in this work.
Methods. Here we used the atmospheric reanalysis datasets of the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) and ERA5, the fifth major atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), as well as the measurements from the weather station at the site to conduct a long-term (22 yr) comparative analysis of PWV and temperature at the Lenghu site.
Results. The weighted annual mean nighttime temperature and PWV increase at rates of 0.17 °C decade−1 and 0.12 ~ 0.13 mm decade−1, respectively. The nighttime temperature and PWV slightly both decrease during the winter with rates of −0.04 °C decade−1 and −0.05 ~ −0.07 mm decade−1, respectively.
Conclusions. These results indicate that the variation patterns of PWV and temperature at the Lenghu site are quite stable, especially during the winter; it is projected that the nighttime average PWV will be below 1 mm and the nighttime average temperature will be below −13 °C toward the end of this century. These conditions are ideal for large optical, infrared, millimeter, and submillimeter facilities where great scientific discoveries will be made that address the ultimate questions of humankind.
New Roles and Competencies in Technical Communication Induced by Semantics and Analytics
Authors: Ziegler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

Semantic approaches have become a logical extension of the widely-accepted content creation and provision technologies represented in technical communication mostly by component content management systems (CCMS) and content delivery portals (CDP). CCMS are typically used by technical authors trained in the areas of linguistics, structured and standardized topic-based writing and metadata-based content processing. Delivery scenarios and corresponding new technologies widen the demands of organizations towards the role of technical writers as information engineers with competencies in user-centered and use case-driven creation of content. Information engineers cover a wide range of topics being already the core of academic programs and professional education.
More recently, increasing demands for business process integration and process management led to new technological and methodological approaches. Semantic technologies based on ontology modelling have been investigated and introduced for example for CMS processes to improve the handling of product and media variants and the corresponding content planning. Other developments address metadata governance in integrated environments of multiple information management systems. On CDP side, there is a need to improve search support by semantics for example through facetted search, content correlations or AI technologies. Furthermore, in both fields of CMS and CDP, analytics gains significant importance for tracking and improving the corresponding processes of content creation, content search and information access. Therefore, we claim that a clearer definition of a new role of information architects and their competencies will be helpful for differentiating educational and working areas from the field of information engineers in TC.
International multicenter study comparing demographics, therapy and outcomes in bleeding from Mallory Weiss tears and peptic ulcers
Authors: Tham Jennifer E. , Lynch Lucy , Laursen Stig B. , Laine Loren , Dalton Harry R. , Ngu Jeffrey , Redondo-Cerezo Eduardo , Schultz Michael , Murray Iain , Michell Nick , Morris Alan J. , Nielsen Michael M. , Stanley Adrian J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Mallory Weiss tears (MWTs) are relatively uncommon causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and patients are generally considered at low risk of poor outcome, although data are limited. There is uncertainty about use of endoscopic therapy. We aimed to describe and compare an international cohort of patients presenting with UGIB secondary to MWT and peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB).
Patients and methods From an international dataset of patients undergoing endoscopy for acute UGIB at seven hospitals, we assessed patients with MWT bleeding, including the endoscopic stigmata and endoscopic therapy applied. We compared baseline parameters, rebleeding rate, and 30-day mortality between patients with MWT and PUB.
Results A total of 3648 patients presented with UGIB, 125 of whom (3.4 %) had bleeding from a MWT. Those patients were younger (61 vs 69 years, P < 0.0001) and more likely to be men (66 % vs 53 %, P = 0.006) compared to the patients PUB. The most common endoscopic stigmata seen in MWTs were oozing blood (26 %) or clean base (26 %). Of the patients with MWT, 53 (42 %) received endoscopic therapy. Forty-eight of them (90 %) had epinephrine injections and 25 (48 %) had through-the-scope clips. The rebleeding rate was lower in MWT patients compared with PUB patients (4.9 % vs 12 %, P = 0.016), but mortality was similar (5.7 vs 7.0 %, P = 0.71).
Conclusions Although patients presenting with MWT were younger, with a lower rebleeding rate, their mortality was similar to that of patients with PUB. Endoscopic therapy was applied to 42 % MWT patients, with epinephrine injection as the most common modality.
Cognitive Profile of Large-Vessel Vascular Dementia—An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Kolkata
Authors: Bhat Ashwani , Biswas Atanu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia worldwide. Its heterogenous presentation along with potential for reversibility at earlier stages makes it unique among all dementias.

Objectives We aimed to study the cognitive dysfunction in large-vessel vascular dementia. Second, we tried to study the cognitive dysfunction in large-vessel vascular dementia as per the arterial territory involvement. Additionally, we also tried to study the contribution of hemispheric involvement to the dementia severity as evidenced by clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale.

Materials and Methods We recruited 28 patients of large-vessel vascular dementia and categorized them on the basis of the arterial territories and hemisphere involved. The groups were later studied for the type of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions as well as the dementia severity.

Results Among 28 patients of large-vessel vascular dementia, attention (100%), executive function (100%), and behavior (100%) were more impaired in anterior cerebral artery territory infarcts (p < 0.05). Language (53.8%) and memory (53.8%) were more impaired in middle cerebral artery territory infarcts, while visuoperceptual (33.3%) domains were more impaired in posterior cerebral artery territory infarcts (p > 0.05). The mean CDR was lower in patients of right-sided lesions (1.292) than in those with left-sided (1.750) or bilateral lesions (2.000).

Conclusion Different arterial territory lesions have different patterns of cognitive impairment in large-vessel vascular dementia. The dementia severity is less in right-sided lesions when compared with left-sided or bilateral lesions.
From Power Imbalance to Interdependence: A Case Study of the Chadian Sesame Supply Chain
Authors: Corsi Stefano , Filippini Rosalia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmallholder farmers are crucial actors for rural development in Africa. Their participation in global agro-food chains assures a source of revenues and agricultural development. Nevertheless, their position is still marginal. Moreover, there is a lack of data about the participation of smallholder farmers in African supply chains. The paper aims to identify the power regime between farmers, processors, middlemen and exporters and analyse how collective actions and external players’ intervention may modify the bargaining power in the sesame value chain in Eastern Chad. The analysis is based on qualitative data gathered from semi-structured interviews with 98 farmers and 41 stakeholders. The study applies a netchain perspective, analysing the vertical relationships along the food chain in terms of power regime and the horizontal relationships of farmers by observing the first impact of collective actions. The results reveal that the dyadic ties are characterised only by supplier and buyer dominance, and there are no relationships characterised by independence and interdependence along the food chain. Especially, farmers suffer from both buyer and supplier dominance. The analysis of the horizontal relationships reveals that only middlemen organise horizontal agreements to improve their benefit in the commercialisation. The introduction of collective actions for farmers improves their horizontal relationships with potential positive impact on the farmers’ vertical relationships along the supply chain. Thus, their bargaining power may be further developed. This study offers a diagnosis of the farmers’ participation in value chain and future perspectives on the collective actions.
More than the Sum of Its Parts: Donor-Sponsored Cash-for-Work Programmes and Social Cohesion in Jordanian Communities Hosting Syrian Refugees
Authors: Zintl Tina , Loewe Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCash-for-Work (CfW)/public works programmes have gained great interest recently because they can deliver employment and income for vulnerable households, in addition to dearly needed infrastructure. Studying donor-funded CfW programmes for Syrian refugees and their local neighbours in Jordan we show that CfW can also improve social cohesion, which is particularly important in the context of state fragility and migration. The studied programmes strengthen the sense of belonging and horizontal trust of participants and non-participants, refugees and locals, and in particular women. Their effect on vertical trust, however, is more ambiguous because many Syrians and Jordanians attribute positive effects to donor support rather than to Jordanian authorities. We use a mixed method approach including semi-structured interviews with 390 CfW participants, other community members and neutral observers and a quantitative analysis of a survey covering all 1847 participants of one CfW programme.
First principles study on structure and mechanical properties of Cr2AlC
Authors: Zhang JianRong , Tao KeWei , Ma LiDong , Yang YangYang , Yang Lei , Duan WenShan 
Published: May 2022

The first principles method is used to study the intrinsic vacancy of Cr, Al, and C in Cr2AlC materials with formation energies of 1.89, 1.95, and 1.07 eV, respectively. It has been proven in previous research that Al layers could be easily removed from Cr2AlC, and the formation energies of Cr2AlC are, therefore, calculated in this study after removing two layers of Al atoms to form Cr2C. The formation energies of the H, He, and O atoms that replace the Al atoms are also calculated to be −2.83, 90.73, and −47.81 eV, respectively. It shows that under irradiation or a high temperature environment, Cr2AlC is easily oxidized to form Cr2C materials. Furthermore, the density of states of Cr2AlC with an Al layer substituted by H, He, and O atoms, as well as the phonon properties of Cr2AlC and Cr2C, are calculated. The results show that the Cr–C metal bond is dominant in Cr2AlC materials to maintain the stability of the structure. The calculation results of mechanical properties show that the presence of Al atoms enhances the plasticity of Cr2AlC.
Vaccine-induced systemic and mucosal T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 viral variants
Authors: Kingstad-Bakke Brock , Lee Woojong , Chandrasekar Shaswath S. , Gasper David J. , Salas-Quinchucua Cristhian , Cleven Thomas , Sullivan Jeremy A. , Talaat Adel , Osorio Jorge E. , Suresh M. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Immunity induced by the first-generation COVID-19 vaccines may not provide effective and durable protection, either due to waning immunity or due to poor antibody cross-reactivity to new variants. Typically, T cells recognize conserved nonmutable viral epitopes and development of T cell–based vaccines might provide broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we show that adjuvanted spike protein–based experimental vaccines elicited potent respiratory or systemic CD4 and CD8 T cell memory and protected against SARS-CoV-2, in the absence of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Thus, development of T cell–based vaccines might be key to protect against antibody-escape SARS-CoV-2 variants that can potentially overcome immunity induced by current vaccines.
SHAPE-enabled fragment-based ligand discovery for RNA
Authors: Zeller Meredith J. , Favorov Oleg , Li Kelin , Nuthanakanti Ashok , Hussein Dina , Michaud Auréliane , Lafontaine Daniel A. , Busan Steven , Serganov Alexander , Aubé Jeffrey , Weeks Kevin M. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
RNA molecules encode proteins and play numerous regulatory roles in cells. Targeting RNA with small molecules, as is routine with proteins, would create broad opportunities for modulating biology and creating new drugs. However, this opportunity has been difficult to realize because creating novel small molecules that bind RNA, especially using modest resources, is challenging. This study integrates two widely used technologies, SHAPE chemical probing of RNA and fragment-based ligand discovery, to craft an innovative strategy for creating small molecules that bind to and modulate the activity of a structured RNA. The anticipated impact is high because the methods are simple, can be implemented in diverse research and discovery contexts, and lead to realistic druglike molecules.
SNAT7 regulates mTORC1 via macropinocytosis
Authors: Meng Delong , Yang Qianmei , Jeong Mi-Hyeon , Curukovic Adna , Tiwary Shweta , Melick Chase H. , Lama-Sherpa Tshering D. , Wang Huanyu , Huerta-Rosario Mariela , Urquhart Greg , Zacharias Lauren G. , Lewis Cheryl , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Jewell Jenna L. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is frequently elevated in human disease, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. We identify SNAT7 as an important regulator of mTORC1. We believe this research will provide valuable insight about mTORC1 biology and may uncover novel therapeutic targets for patients.