bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tide‐influenced depositional system recorded in southern Gondwana during the Early Permian: Post‐glacial infill of the Capané palaeovalley
Authors: Candido Mariane , Cagliari Joice , Lavina Ernesto Luiz Correa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMixed‐energy coastal systems produce complex depositional records that can obscure the predominant processes controlling sediment deposition. This occurs mainly when the interpretation of the primary sedimentary structures is non‐unique. The Rio Bonito Formation succession infilling the Capané palaeovalley in the southern Paraná Basin exhibits records of the depositional influence of tides and waves, in which tidal deposits are predominant. However, the depositional environment has not been completely elucidated, and little is known about the significance of tides in the depositional environment. To identify the physical processes responsible for sediment deposition and reconstruct the depositional system, sedimentary facies and stratigraphic analyses of drilled cores and outcrops from the Capané palaeovalley were performed. Fourteen sedimentary facies, four facies associations and three types of sand bodies are described (tidal point bars, compound tidal dunes and offshore tidal sand ridges). The sedimentary succession records an incised valley infill comprising lowstand and transgressive systems tracts. In the deepest part of the palaeovalley, an inner portion of a fluvial‐tidal transitional environment is preserved. The lower succession along the valley is marked by the establishment of an estuarine system, which is replaced by an offshore tidal system in the upper succession, and culminates with a coastal marine environment. This interpretation differs from the wave‐dominated model previously described for this area. This study contributes to the understanding of the evolution and distribution of coal‐forming depositional systems of the Rio Bonito Formation.
Immune Checkpoint Receptor Expression Profiles of MAIT Cells in Moderate and Severe COVID‐19
Authors: Meggyes Matyas , Nagy David U. , Toth Ildiko , Feik Timoteus , Polgar Beata , Deen Iyad Saad Al , Sipos David , Szereday Laszlo , Peterfalvi Agnes 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMAIT cells are one of the largest unconventional T cell populations and, recruited to the site of infection, play both protective and pathogenic roles during pulmonary viral infections. MAIT cell activation patterns change significantly during COVID‐19, with a notable decrease in their frequency in peripheral blood of severe cases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression profiles of various immune checkpoint pathways on MAIT, MAIT‐like and non‐MAIT cells in moderate and severe COVID‐19 patients undergoing cytokine storm. Despite numerous studies comparing MAIT cell characteristics based on COVID‐19 disease severity, none have delved into the critical differences in MAIT cell immune checkpoint profiles between moderate and severe COVID‐19 patients, all experiencing a cytokine storm. Flow cytometry was used to analyse peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a cohort of 35 patients, comprising 18 moderate and 17 severe cases, alongside 14 healthy controls. Our investigation specifically focuses on severe COVID‐19 presentations, revealing a marked deletion of MAIT cells. Further exploration into the regulatory dynamics of MAIT cell functionality reveals shifts in the expression profiles of critical immune checkpoint receptors, notably PD‐1 and CD226. In severe COVID‐19 patients, MAIT cells showed a significant decrease in the expression of CD226, whereas MAIT‐like and non‐MAIT cells demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of PD‐1 compared to healthy individuals. The expression of the TIGIT receptor remained unaltered across all investigated groups. Our findings contribute to the existing knowledge by elucidating the changes in MAIT cell subpopulations and their potential role in COVID‐19 disease severity.
Modern and historical uses of plant grafting to engineer development, stress tolerance, chimeras, and hybrids
Authors: Augstein Frauke , Melnyk Charles W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYFor millennia, people have grafted plants to propagate them and to improve their traits. By cutting and joining different species or cultivars together, the best properties of shoot and roots are combined in one plant to increase yields, improve disease resistance, modify plant growth or enhance abiotic stress tolerance. Today, grafting has evolved from what originated as an early form of trait engineering. The fundamental technique remains the same, but new species are being grafted, new techniques have developed and new applications for modifying development and stress tolerance are appearing. In addition, engineering possibilities such as graft chimeras, graft hybrids and the use of mobile RNAs are emerging. Here, we summarize advances in plant grafting with a focus on engineering novel traits. We discuss traditional uses of grafting to engineer traits but also focus on recent developments, challenges and opportunities for plant improvement through grafting.
Ground states for aggregation–diffusion models on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds
Authors: Fetecau Razvan C. , Park Hansol 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe consider a free energy functional on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds and investigate the existence of its global minimizers. The energy functional consists of two components: an entropy (or internal energy) and an interaction energy modelled by an attractive potential. The two components have competing effects, as they favour spreading by linear diffusion and blow‐up by non‐local attractive interactions, respectively. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for ground states to exist, in terms of the behaviours of the attractive potential at infinity and at zero. In particular, for general Cartan–Hadamard manifolds, superlinear growth at infinity of the attractive potential prevents the spreading. The behaviour can be relaxed for homogeneous manifolds, for which only linear growth of the potential is sufficient for this purpose. As a key tool in our analysis, we develop a new logarithmic Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds.
CTA-based deep-learning integrated model for identifying irregular shape and aneurysm size of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Tian Ke , Chang Zhenyao , Yang Yi , Liu Peng , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Levitt Michael R , Zhai Dihua , Liu Danyang , Li Hao , Liu Yang , Zhang Jinhao , Cao Cijian , Zhu Chengcheng , Jiang Peng , Liu Qingyuan , He Hongwei , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundArtificial intelligence can help to identify irregular shapes and sizes, crucial for managing unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). However, existing artificial intelligence tools lack reliable classification of UIA shape irregularity and validation against gold-standard three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). This study aimed to develop and validate a deep-learning model using computed tomography angiography (CTA) for classifying irregular shapes and measuring UIA size.MethodsCTA and 3DRA of UIA patients from a referral hospital were included as a derivation set, with images from multiple medical centers as an external test set. Senior investigators manually measured irregular shape and aneurysm size on 3DRA as the ground truth. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models were employed to develop the CTA-based model for irregular shape classification and size measurement. Model performance for UIA size and irregular shape classification was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and area under the curve (AUC), respectively. Junior clinicians’ performance in irregular shape classification was compared before and after using the model.ResultsThe derivation set included CTA images from 307 patients with 365 UIAs. The test set included 305 patients with 350 UIAs. The AUC for irregular shape classification of this model in the test set was 0.87, and the ICC of aneurysm size measurement was 0.92, compared with 3DRA. With the model’s help, junior clinicians’ performance for irregular shape classification was significantly improved (AUC 0.86 before vs 0.97 after, P<0.001).ConclusionThis study provided a deep-learning model based on CTA for irregular shape classification and size measurement of UIAs with high accuracy and external validity. The model can be used to improve reader performance.
Unrestricted insurance coverage of buprenorphine formulations remains sparse in comparison to conventional opioids
Authors: Andrassy Bennett , Mukhdomi Junaid , Bhaskar Nidhi , Harris Marcus , Mukhdomi Taif 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveBuprenorphine is an atypical opioid with analgesic efficacy and a more favorable safety profile than conventional opioids or tramadol. In 2019, access to on-label buprenorphine formulations was limited in comparison to conventional opioids, despite evidence supporting buprenorphine’s first-line analgesic use. Considering recent policy changes increasing buprenorphine accessibility, we determined differences in unrestricted insurance coverage between buprenorphine, conventional opioids, and other atypical opioids.MethodsWe used data from Managed Market Insights and Technology’s Coverage Search and Kaiser Family Foundation to generate estimates on percentages of US-covered lives with unrestricted access to oxycodone, morphine, tramadol, tapentadol, generic and on-label transdermal buprenorphine, on-label buccal buprenorphine, and on-label sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone in 2024.Results79.7% of commercial and 99.1% of Medicare lives had unrestricted oxycodone access. Morphine access was unrestricted for 45.7% of commercial and 62.8% of Medicare lives. Unrestricted access to tramadol was available for 88.2% of commercial and 96.3% of Medicare lives. 37.3% of commercial and 10.1% of Medicare lives had unrestricted tapentadol access. Unrestricted access to on-label transdermal buprenorphine was available for 21.0% of commercial and 2.59% of Medicare lives. Generic transdermal buprenorphine was available for 52.1% of commercial and 30.0% of Medicare lives. Buccal buprenorphine was available without restriction for 52.7% of commercial and 19.8% of Medicare lives. Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone had unrestricted coverage for 34.6% of commercial and 32.7% of Medicare lives.ConclusionsAccess to buprenorphine formulations was limited in comparison to other opioids. This study emphasizes a need for commercial and Medicare health insurance plans to broaden buprenorphine coverage.
Machine Learning Regression for Assessing Sensing Performance and Anticancer Potential of Oolong Tea-Derived Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Sert Esra , Kalındemirtaş Ferdane Danışman , Karakuş Emir Ersel , Erol Ayşe , ÖZBAŞ Fatih , Küçükdeniz Tarık , Karakus Selcan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to predict analyte concentrations using sensing results and evaluate the anticancer effects of nanostructures. Multifunctional oolong tea extract-mediated silver nanoparticles (OTE-Ag NPs) were synthesized via a photo/ultrasound method and utilized in various applications, including a smartphone-based H2O2 sensor and electrochemical sensors for urea and fructose. Key features were extracted from electrochemical results, and feature importance analysis was used to select the most predictive features. The artificial neural network (ANN) model provided accurate predictions, particularly strong for urea (R²=0.8575, RMSE=0.4266, MAE=0.3380). The study revealed the selective toxicity of OTE-Ag NPs to MCF-7 breast cancer cells through analyses of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle phases, and CD44 surface marker expression using Annexin V/PI dye and flow cytometry. Experimental results demonstrated that OTE-Ag NPs suppressed MCF-7 cell proliferation while exhibiting lower cytotoxicity in normal HUVEC cells (46% cell death). OTE-Ag NPs arrested MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase, induced apoptosis, and reduced CD44 expression, suggesting metastasis suppression. The CD44+/CD24- ratio decreased from 84.79% in control MCF-7 cells to 47.7% in OTE-Ag NP-treated cells. Overall, OTE-Ag NPs significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation through the apoptotic pathway by regulating the cell cycle in the G2/M phase.
Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Biosensing of Cortisol Using ZnO-Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Loganathan Harini , Dinasekaran Durgalakshmi , Rajendran Ajay Rakkesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cortisol is a key factor in developmental and behavioural research, measured widely in blood, urine, and saliva. Electrochemical sensing has emerged as a reliable technique in the development of point-of-care devices for detecting cortisol. Here, a ZnO/Graphene coated graphite was used as a sensing electrode for the detection of cortisol. The performance of the sensing electrode was tested in the presence of cortisol using electrochemical techniques and the impact of scan rate, concentration, cycle numbers, linear range, and limit of detection is reported. The fabricated ZnO/Graphene/PGE sensing electrode demonstrated excellent performance for cortisol detection, exhibiting a linear response over a wide concentration range of 10.874 to 173.981 mg/ml and a low limit of detection of 6.162 μg/ml. Additionally, the sensor displayed high stability over 60 days, with good repeatability and reproducibility. This shows that the ZnO/Graphene nanocomposite can be used as a non-enzymatic sensor providing a more reliable and effective cortisol sensing.
The Ethics of War: John of Naples and the Use of Muslim Mercenaries by a Christian King
Authors: Palmén Ritva , Posti Mikko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes the question by John of Naples (d. ca. 1348) as to whether it is licit for a Christian king to hire Muslim mercenaries to defend his country against Christian aggressors. John’s answer employs legal, theological, and philosophical sources intended to justify the view that it is indeed licit to do so. John’s original account modifies the just war tradition to qualify his ambitions better and adapts elements of the legal principle of necessity, which support his argument. His overall ethical thinking builds on the primacy of the common good, which allows the use of imperfect means, such as hiring Muslim mercenaries, to achieve the good of Christian community in a just war.
Adam’s Rib as a Shared Source of Patriarchy in Abbasid Iraq: the Interconnectedness of Jewish and Muslim Exegeses on the Creation of Woman
Authors: von Schöneman Katja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The creation of humanity is depicted in both the Bible and the Qurʾān, and its details, such as the creation of woman, are abundantly discussed in subsequent exegetic literature. Applying feminist discourse analysis, I compare the interpretations of the creation of woman in rabbinic literature to those in Qurʾānic commentaries produced in the same cultural and geographical environment, second/eighth–sixth/twelfth-century Iraq under Abbasid rule. I show that in both Jewish and Islamic exegetic discourse the creation of woman from male-dependent material was diversely used to explain female characteristics and the treatment of women as subordinate, secondary beings. In addition to the numerous commonalities, the differences in the interpretive discourses reflect the multifarious encounters between Jewish and Muslim scholars in the vivid intellectual atmosphere of this context. The influence of ideas discussed in Talmudic academies was essential in the formation of distinct Islamic interpretive tradition concerning the matter.
Protecting War’s Unseen Environmental Damage
Authors: Sjöstedt Britta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the evolving legal landscape of environmental protection in armed conflict, emphasizing the critical contributions of the icrc Environmental Guidelines and the principles developed by the International Law Commission’s (ilc) on Protection of the Environment in relation to Armed Conflict (perac principles). By incorporating scientific insights and increasing environmental awareness, these frameworks encourage a broader understanding of environmental damage that includes direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems. In particular, the perac principles’ temporal approach, introduced by Special Rapporteur Marie Jacobsson, marks a significant shift towards recognizing environmental harm as a complex, multi-stage issue spanning before, during, and after armed conflict. Drawing on the jurisprudence of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (the jep) in the transitional justice context of Colombia, the article underscores how the temporal approach can address also long-lasting environmental consequences on vulnerable populations, particularly Indigenous peoples by being informed by Indigenous law.
The Right of Self-defence and Third State Provision of Arms: Reflections on the Current Debate
Authors: Lehto Marja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article examines the legal implications of third-State military assistance in the context of Ukraine’s self-defence against Russian aggression, focusing on the intersections of jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and the law of neutrality. It evaluates whether military aid, such as weapon provision and intelligence sharing, constitutes an indirect use of force under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter or implicates assisting States as parties to the conflict. The article critiques expanding the notion of indirect force to State-to-State assistance and discusses the implications of collective self-defence and the law of neutrality in light of the UN Charter law and the peremptory norm of prohibition of the use of force, including aggression. The analysis concludes that lawful assistance to a State exercising self-defence does not breach international law, emphasizing the superiority of jus cogens norms over conflicting legal provisions, such as neutrality.
Efficacy of ubrogepant and atogepant in males and females with migraine: A secondary analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Goadsby Peter J. , Jürgens Tim P. , Brand-Schieber Elimor , Nagy Krisztian , Liu Yingyi , Boinpally Ramesh , Stodtmann Sven , Trugman Joel M. 
Published: February 2025

Background Published evidence supporting efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists as acute migraine treatments in males is limited. Methods To fill the gap, we present male and female data from four ubrogepant and four atogepant randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for acute and preventive treatment of migraine, respectively. Acute outcomes included 2-h pain freedom and absence of most bothersome symptom (co-primary; headache-phase randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials); absence of moderate-to-severe headache within 24 h (primary; prodrome randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial). Preventive outcome included change from baseline in mean monthly migraine days across 12 weeks (primary). Results Pooled data from phase 3 headache-phase ubrogepant randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials showed similar rates of pain freedom (19.4% vs 21.1%) and absence of most bothersome symptom (35.1% vs 39.0%) 2 h post-dose between males and females, respectively. Time course of pain freedom and absence of most bothersome symptom over 48 h was similar between male and female subgroups. Comparable reductions in mean monthly migraine days across 12-week treatment periods were found between males and females treated with atogepant 60 mg once-daily in pooled episodic migraine and chronic migraine randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Conclusion/Interpretation In ubrogepant and atogepant randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, although analysis power for males is limited due to small sample sizes, evidence supports similar treatment effects in males and females with migraine. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02828020; NCT02867709; NCT04492020; NCT01613248; NCT02848326; NCT03777059; NCT04740827; NCT03855137
Skin complications between totally implantable venous port and peripherally inserted central catheter in patients with head and neck cancer who received cetuximab-based therapy
Authors: Huang Yuwen , Zhou Wenxia , Ju Houyu , Shen Ping , Lu Jiali , Wang Bei , Ma Sijia , Li Li 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Cetuximab-based therapy is prone to develop skin complications. Our study aims to identify the impact on the central venous access by cetuximab-based therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective study to explore the prevalence and type of skin complications between totally implantable venous port (TIVP) implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior chest wall and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for patients with HNSCC who received cetuximab-based therapy. Results: In the current study, 34 patients had TIVP and 34 patients had PICC. 32.4% (11/34) patients with TIVP had skin complications, while only 11.8% (4/34) skin complications occurred in patients with PICC. Most patients with skin complications were grade 1. However, two patients with TIVP suffered infection by skin complications and experienced TIVP removal. In the correlation analysis, significant ( p < 0.05) risk factors for skin complications were prophylactic use of topical steroid ointment and male sex. Conclusion: TIVP implanted in the anterior chest wall was potentially related with higher incidence of cutaneous complications in patients with R/M HNSCC who received cetuximab based therapy, that requires cancer nurses deep concern and uses evidence-based preventative and treatment strategies.
Processing methods and vulcanization influence on the electrical and mechanical behavior of isoprene rubber/MWCNT composites
Authors: Gonçalves Roger , Tozzi Kaique A , Barbosa Rafael , Fernandes Carlos HM , Saccardo Matheus C , Zuquello Ariel G , Scuracchio Carlos H 
Published: February 2025

The burgeoning electronics industry demands flexible and cost-effective electrodes. Despite their inherent insulating nature, conductive rubber composites offer compelling advantages due to their flexibility and resilience. Due to reinforcing properties and high electrical conductivity, these materials can be transformed into viable electrode candidates by incorporating conductive additives like carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This study investigates the influence of dispersion and vulcanization methods on the mechanical and electrical properties of polyisoprene/CNT composites, aiming to optimize their suitability for flexible electrode applications. Two dispersion methods (conventional two-roll mill and latex dispersion) and two vulcanization systems (efficient and conventional) were employed. Comprehensive characterization encompassed electrical (resistivity, impedance spectroscopy), mechanical (tensile tests, rheometry), and interfacial properties (contact angle, zeta potential, linear voltammetry). Results demonstrate that the latex dispersion method significantly outperforms the two-roll mill approach. Latex-dispersed composites exhibited a tenfold increase in electrical conductivity and superior surface properties compared to conventionally dispersed counterparts, from 0.123 to 1.33 mS cm−1. Also, the efficient vulcanization system resulted in a modest decrease in modulus while maintaining tensile strength and significantly improving strain at break, from 1.83 to 6.82 MPa and 82.9 to 607%, respectively. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing dispersion and vulcanization techniques for developing high-performance conductive rubber composites with enhanced electrical and mechanical properties, which are crucial for advancing flexible electrode technologies.