bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFTR heterozygosity in severe asthma with recurrent airway infections: a retrospective review
Authors: Priel Eldar , Adatia Adil , Kjarsgaard Melanie , Nair Parameswaran 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Patients with asthma who have neutrophilic bronchitis may have an underlying cause leading to increased susceptibility to airway infections.

Methods
Retrospective review of patients with asthma who had a previous history of recurrent exacerbations that had been associated with airway or sinus infections referred to a tertiary asthma center between 2005 and 2020. Demographics, clinical features, and airway inflammation type determined by sputum cytometry were compared between CFTR carriers and non-carriers. Multiple linear regression was used to identify clinical predictors of CFTR carrier status. Response to nebulized hypertonic saline was assessed by comparing the number of infective exacerbations before and after its initiation.

Results
75 patients underwent CFTR mutation testing. Of these, 13 (17%) were CFTR carriers. The most common mutation was $$\Delta$$
Δ
F508. CFTR carriers were older (adjusted odds ratio 1.06 (CI 95% 1.01, 1.13)) and had more frequent flares requiring hospitalization (4.19 (1.34, 24.74)). Neutrophilic airway inflammation was the most common inflammatory subtype in CFTR carriers, though 8/13 also had eosinophilic bronchitis. Nebulized hypertonic saline was well tolerated by most and reduced the frequency of infective exacerbations.

Conclusions
The prevalence of CFTR heterozygosity in this cohort with recurrent neutrophilic bronchitis is higher than in the general population. Respiratory disease in CFTR carriers is associated with older age and may cause significant morbidity. Airway neutrophilia is the most common inflammatory subtype, but > 50% had eosinophilic bronchitis requiring treatment. Hypertonic saline appears to be well tolerated and effective in reducing the number of infective exacerbations.
Pastoralists' perceptions on the impact of Rift valley fever disease following an outbreak in North Eastern Kenya
Authors: Mburu Caroline M. , Bukachi Salome A. , Bett Bernard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease which leads to livestock losses and human fatalities, thus impoverishing pastoralists who largely depend on livestock for their livelihood. These losses lead to both short- and long-term effects that perpetuate poverty and disrupt family order and structure. We used qualitative methods to understand the lived experiences of pastoralists with RVF after a major outbreak in Kenya. Using narratives, we identified the social, economic and psychological effects of this disease, while focus group discussions helped us to understand the experiences of the pastoralists during and after an outbreak. The major impacts were deprivation and impoverishment, abrupt disruption to their way of life and family dynamics and mistrust of the formal healthcare system. The latter was related to the isolation of patients and the presence of foreign medical personnel in the area that fueled mistrust. Efforts need to be made by public health practitioners and policy-makers to enhance dialogue between clinicians and pastoralists and to come up with practical ways of improving local people’s livelihoods during and after an RVF epidemic.
Efficacy of epidural blood patching or surgery in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: an evidence map protocol
Authors: Amrhein Timothy J. , Kranz Peter G. , Cantrell Sarah , Deline Constance R. , Carr Carrie M. , Kim Dong Kun , Goldstein Karen M. , Williams John W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a debilitating disorder caused by non-iatrogenic spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. SIH is increasingly recognized as an important treatable cause of secondary headaches. Treatment involves either epidural blood patching or surgery, which have considerable differences in their adverse event rates, recovery times, and cost. The objective of this evidence map is to understand the breadth of studies that investigate SIH treatment efficacy and to identify knowledge gaps to inform future research.

Methods
This review will consider experimental, observational, and systematic review studies that assess the efficacy of epidural blood patching and surgery for the treatment of patients with SIH. Individual case studies, clinical guidelines, editorials, protocols, and studies that do not assess an intervention will not be included. English language studies will be included without limitation based on the date of publication. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE® (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Elsevier), and Web of Science™ (via Clarivate). Study selection will be performed independently by two investigators with extracted data to include study type, the number of patients included, patient descriptors, intervention characteristics, and outcome measure used. Data will be presented through a narrative summary aided by tabular and graphical formats in a manner that aligns with the objective of the evidence mapping review.

Discussion
The overarching goal of this evidence map is to provide an improved understanding of the breadth of studies investigating SIH treatment efficacy in the literature and to thereby identify knowledge gaps that can inform future research directions.

Trial registration
OSF Registry https://osf.io/nwju7.
Comparison of non-tidal loading data for application in a secular terrestrial reference frame
Authors: Glomsda Matthias , Bloßfeld Mathis , Seitz Manuela , Angermann Detlef , Seitz Florian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM) is one of the three Combination Centres of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service for the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). In its upcoming realization of the ITRS, the DTRF2020, DGFI-TUM will again correct for non-tidal loading (NTL) effects at the normal equation level. Next to the dedicated NTL data set for the ITRS 2020 realization provided by the Global Geophysical Fluid Center (GGFC), we also considered the data provided by the Earth System Modelling group of the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (ESMGFZ). Besides also comprising all NTL components (atmospheric, oceanic, hydrological) and being mass conserving, the ESMGFZ data has the advantage of daily availability and is already in use at DGFI-TUM. The decision for one or the other data set depends on their suitability for a secular terrestrial reference frame like the DTRF2020, which will be assessed in this work. Although we also compare the site displacements induced by NTL to the residuals of station positions of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems, we will not evaluate the quality of the underlying geophysical models per se. The two data sets differ w.r.t. the underlying hydrological models and the treatment of non-tidal oceanic loading, but the most relevant difference is given in terms of trends in the displacement time-series. After a close investigation of the latter, we finally decided to apply the GGFC contribution to the ITRS 2020 realization in the DTRF2020.
Graphical Abstract
A case of radical resection for brain metastases of pancreatic cancer after curative chemotherapy for para-aortic lymph node metastases
Authors: Utsunomiya Takeshi , Funamizu Naotake , Ozaki Erina , Tamura Kei , Sakamoto Katsunori , Ogawa Kohei , Kusakabe Kosuke , Suehiro Satoshi , Yamashita Daisuke , Kurata Mie , Kitazawa Riko , Takada Yasutsugu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence of brain metastasis of pancreatic cancer has been reported to be approximately 0.3%. The blood–brain barrier of the central nervous system restricts the transfer of substances, including chemotherapeutic agents, from the bloodstream. It is hypothesized that brain metastasis may occur despite successful chemotherapy for the primary tumor. Herein, we report a case of brain metastases of pancreatic cancer that occurred after chemotherapy and discuss relevant literature.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man underwent distal pancreatectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for resectable pancreatic tail cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma of pancreas, pT3N2M0 pStageIII (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, UICC 8th edition) was diagnosed. S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. Three months postoperatively, CA19-9 had increased to 619 U/mL. Additionally, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT revealed local recurrence in the para-aortic lymph nodes. Chemotherapy was revised to a combined regimen of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. After 4 cycles, tumor markers were normalized. After 5 cycles, recurrence could not be identified on contrast-enhanced CT; therefore, the patient was adjudged to be in complete remission. However, after 29 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient had symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging showed two metastatic lesions of 20 mm and 32 mm in the left frontal lobe and cerebellum, respectively. Quasi-emergency resection of the metastatic brain tumors was performed. Pathological examination revealed that the resected specimens originated from primary pancreatic cancer. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12, without any complications. Postoperatively, a total of 53 Gy of local brain radiation therapy was added. On postoperative day 30, blood carcinoembryonic antigen level had decreased to 5.4 ng/dl and all other tumor markers were negative. Additionally, tumor markers of the cerebrospinal fluid were markedly reduced and the cytology was negative for tumor cells. These results suggested complete resection of the metastatic brain tumors.

Conclusions
Aggressive resection and salvage stereotactic radiotherapy for metastatic brain tumors may lead to complete cure and a good long-term prognosis.
Microscopic Observations on Form and Structure of the Worm Enchytraeus buchholzi (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)
Authors: Zhao Limin , Xie Xiuchao , Chen Dejing , Ma Guilan , Sun Ya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The worm Enchytraeus buchholzi is a new record species for Shaanxi, China, and a key pest on American ginseng Panax quinquefolium. To distinguish the species, the authors prepared its whole mounts and paraffin-embedded sections, and microscopically observed, photographed and measured. Besides, we conducted an experimental study on its DNA barcode.

Results
Cells, tissues and organs related to nervous, digestive, circulatory, excretory and reproductive systems were found, photomicrographed and described, including: prostomium, peristomium, segments, clitellum, pygidium, lateral and ventral chaetae; brain, cranial nerves, sensory papillae, ventral nerve cord; pharyngeal pad and glands, retractor muscles and muscular bundles, peptonephridia, esophagus, intestine; dorsal, lateral, ventral and intestinal parietal vessels, coelomocytes, coelomic cavity; nephridia, chloragogen cells; ovaries, groups of germ cells with developing oocytes, mature eggs, spermathecae; testes, seminal vesicles, sperm funnels, penial bulbs. Their shapes and sizes were given, and functions discussed briefly. The visual effect of staining specimens with hematoxylin plus eosin ranked the first, and that with acetocarmine the second.

Conclusions
The supplementary and objective descriptions, with the microphotographs as forceful pieces of evidence, have expanded biological knowledge in aspects of the form, structure and function of the worm, which is helpful for professionals to recognize and understand this species and provide a solid basis for its integrated pest management.
Promoting medical student engagement through co-development and peer-assisted learning: a new patient safety course as a case study
Authors: Kayser Jesper Dybdal , Mielke-Christensen Anne , Østergaard Doris , Dieckmann Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Peer-assisted learning programs have been focused on providing students with competencies to deliver lectures and facilitate workshops, whereas involvement of students as co-developers of educational programmes has been relatively under-described in the literature. Likewise, the use of students as facilitators in simulation-based training and debriefing is also scarce.
In this paper, we describe how medical students were co-developers of a novel course on patient safety and how they were trained as student facilitators to conduct simulation-based training and debriefing, as well as workshops.

Methods
Medical students co-developed a course in patient safety consisting of three simulation-based scenarios and three workshops. The students were educated in relevant patient safety topics. They were trained to become student facilitators to conduct workshops, simulations and debriefings at a patient safety course for medical students. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the course participants´ perception of the learning objectives and the student facilitators following the latest course in 2020. In addition, semi-structured interviews with the student facilitators were conducted to explore their perceptions of being part of the course.

Results
A total of 92% of the course participants completed the evaluation of the course. The majority of the course participants found that the student facilitators created a safe learning environment and had the necessary skills to teach. The learning objectives for the course were found to be useful. A total of 10 interviews with the student facilitators were conducted. We found that the student facilitators were motivated to teach in the course, as a way of improving their teamwork, leadership qualities and communication skills, as well as their resume. Some of the student facilitators mentioned that they were able to create a safe learning environment, whereas others mentioned a feeling of inadequacy for their teacher role. In addition to developing their teaching skills, they mentioned that they developed their medical expertise, alongside their communication-, collaboration-, leadership- and professional skills.

Conclusion
This study illustrates how medical students were involved in the co-development, delivery and implementation of a course in patient safety. The evaluation of the course shows that student facilitators succeeded in creating a safe learning environment. The interviews of the student facilitators reveal their various motivations for teaching, in addition to different perceptions of their experience as a student facilitator. Some expressed a positive feeling of being able to establish a safe learning environment, whilst others expressed a feeling of inadequacy when facilitating peers. In addition, the student facilitators indicated that they developed themselves both professionally and personally.
Treatment of arterial calcification in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia with etidronate: protocol of an investigator-initiated multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hoogervorst R. , van Overhagen H. , de Jong P. A. , Spiering W. , de Borst G. J. , Veger H. T. C. , Mairuhu A. T. A. , Mali W. P. T. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Pathologic studies have shown that in patients with critical limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI) medial arterial calcifications are frequently found and may be responsible for aggravating the disease. These extensive calcifitcations are found not only in arteries of the leg but also in the coronary arteries and the aorta. The progression of these calcifications is fast and they stiffen the vessel wall and may thus increase the cardiovascular risk.
Reduction of progression of calcification may not only reduce the burden of CLTI but may also reduce the high residual cardiovascular risk. Medial calcifications have been halted by etidronate in other trials. Its potential to reduce the burden from peripheral vascular disease in CLTI and residual cardiovascular risk remains to be established.

Methods
This is an investigator-initiated multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial comparing the effects of etidronate versus placebo in patients with CLTI.
Subjects will be randomized to either treatment with etidronate for 12 months (cyclical 20 mg/kg for 2 weeks on and 10 weeks off) orally or placebo for 12 months (in a similar routine).
The primary endpoint is the change in arterial calcification as quantified by CT-scan.
Secondary endpoints are the number of amputations above and below the ankle, mortality, number of vascular interventions and quality of life.

Discussion
Up to now, the inert end stage of vascular disease in patients with CLTI, has been considered calcification of vessel walls. We believe there is reason to reverse causation and hypothesize that calcification causes vascular disease. This reversal can be proven in a clinical trial if halting the calcification process improves the outcome of the patient. Therefore we use etidronate, a bisphosphate that has proven to stop the calcification in several rare monogenetic calcifying diseases. We aim to perform this mechanistic proof-of-concept study hopefully leading to a clinical outcome study later on.
RF performance evaluation of the nRF24L01+ based wireless water quality monitoring sensor node: Khartoum city propagation scenario
Authors: Abdelrahim Sami Omer Osman , Hassan Mohamed Zakria Mohamed , Salih Alzain Mohamed Suliman , Abdo-Alrahiem Amjed Abubaker Mohamed , Abdelgadir Mohamed Mayada 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, and to cater to increased needs of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring (DWQM) and data management, there has been a growing interest in the marketplace as well as in the research community to develop advanced water quality monitoring systems utilizing modern information and communications technologies (ICT) such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT). The application of the wireless-sensing paradigm is becoming a common trend in water quality monitoring systems. In fact, a growing body of the literature has focused on developing wireless sensing-enabled water quality monitoring systems. However, previous studies have not dealt with the radio performance evaluation of modern wireless water quality monitoring systems deployed in urban city scenarios. The present paper seeks to address the radio frequency (RF) performance evaluation for a developed modern wireless Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System (DWQMS) based on the commercial nRF24L01+ RF module. This research study is based on three city propagation scenarios as case studies. The obtained experimental data suggested that the nRF24L01+ module can provide relatively acceptable RF performance under less favorable and hostile city propagation environments.
Optimization of cold-formed lipped C-section under bending using prediction equations as objective functions
Authors: Swelem Sherine , Fahmy Ahmed , Ellafy Heba 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of cold-formed sections (CFS) in construction is growing quickly in spite of the difficulty facing the designer in choosing the optimum sections’ proportions of any CFS in order to acquire the most economical section. In this paper, the optimization of CFS C-lipped channel beam will be carried out with respect to their flexural strength calculated using the direct strength method (DSM) given by the American specifications (AISI). The optimization will be carried out by developing an accurate and effective optimization code using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The mathematical model and the optimization technique used in this paper will help in finding the most optimum ratios between the different elements of the C-lipped channel beam that are studied in three groups. Nonlinear regression analysis is performed to obtain proposed equations that predict the flexural capacity of the cross section in two modes of failure: the local buckling mode and the distortional buckling mode. These proposed equations are used as objective functions in the optimization process as they showed that they are capable of predicting the moment capacity of the C-lipped channel effectively. It was found that the most suitable group of the three studied groups is the ratios between different elements of the cross section lies between 15 and 50%.
Barriers to effective childhood cancer control in Kenya (BECK) study, 2019-2020: A mixed methods study in a national tertiary facility and 10 regional cancer treatment centers.
Authors: Mwenda Valerian , Karagu Alfred , Githanga Jessie Nyokabi , Nyangasi Mary 
Published: June 2022

10018 Background: Globally, 80,000 children die from cancer annually; 80% in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Childhood cancer cure is possible in more than 80% of cases, in all economic settings. This study aimed to identify barriers to effective management of childhood cancers in Kenya, for program and policy intervention. Methods: We reviewed childhood cancer cases diagnosed at Kenyatta National Hospital in the period 2015-2019. We also assessed capacity of ten recently established regional cancer centres for childhood cancer diagnosis and treatment. We conducted focused group discussions among childhood cancer survivors’ caregivers and key informant interviews among childhood cancer specialists and policy makers from the Ministry of Health and the National Cancer Institute of Kenya. We estimated diagnostic delays, mapped service availability and deductively summarized the qualitative data into main themes. Results: We abstracted 1,764 cases; median age 6 years (IQR 9); 1013 (57.5%) were male. Most affected age group was 0-4 years (47.3%). Most common cancer types were retinoblastoma (23.3%), nephroblasoma (10.4%) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 10.3%). Cases managed at KNH decreased between 2015 and 2017, and then recovered. The median total delay (symptoms onset to treatment initiation) was 32 days (range 0-3666). Regional cancer centres lacked specialized workforce for childhood cancer care. Caregivers identified inadequate cover by National Health Insurance and disorganized care process as major challenges. At health system and policy level, low awareness, fragmented referral systems and in-effective policy implementation are major challenges to childhood cancer control. Conclusions: Increasing number of specialized personnel, creation of a differentiated financing package for childhood cancer and restructuring of referral and the care process can improve childhood cancer outcomes in Kenya.