bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes
Authors: Kalmukov Ivan A. , Galliano Andrea , Godolphin Janet , Ferreira Rui , Cardoso Ines , Norgate Daisy J. , Bacon Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability of a cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes by direct aspiration of diluted packed red blood cells (pRBC) and saline rinse from blood‐soaked surgical swabs.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationTwelve recently expired units of canine pRBC.MethodspRBC units donated from a pet blood bank (after quality analysis) were diluted with anticoagulant, divided into two equal aliquots, and subsequently harvested by direct suction (Su), or soaked into swabs, saline‐rinsed and suctioned (Sw). The volume of product, manual packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cell mass (rbcM) were measured and compared before and after salvaging. The rbcM recovery was recorded as percentage ([rbcM post salvage]/[rbcM presalvage]x100). Statistical analysis of all measured values was performed (significance p < .05).ResultsNo difference was detected between pre‐ and post‐salvage PCV or mean rise of PCV for either group. The volume of salvaged blood was 143 ml (SD ± 2.89 ml; Su) and 139.83 ml (SD ± 3.30 ml; Sw), p < .001. The average rbcM recovered was 88.43% (Su) and 84.74%. (Sw) averaged 84.74% (p = .015). Blood type and order of processing did not influence recovery.ConclusionThe tested cell saver device reliably salvages canine blood in this ex vivo setting. Cell salvage via direct suction produces higher volumes of salvaged blood than rinsing blood‐soaked swabs and salvaging the flush.Clinical significanceWashing blood‐saturated surgical swabs results in a high harvest of red blood cells. The authors recommend it as an adjunct to direct suction to maximize erythrocyte recovery.
On Topological Data Analysis for Structural Dynamics: An Introduction to Persistent Homology
Authors: Gowdridge T. , Dervilis N. , Worden K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Topological methods can provide a way of proposing new metrics and methods of scrutinizing data, that otherwise may be overlooked. A method of quantifying the shape of data, via a topic called topological data analysis (TDA) will be introduced. The main tool of TDA is persistent homology. Persistent homology is a method of quantifying the shape of data over a range of length scales. The required background and a method of computing persistent homology are briefly discussed in this work. Ideas from topological data analysis are then used for nonlinear dynamics to analyze some common attractors, by calculating their embedding dimension, and then to assess their general topologies. A method will also be proposed, that uses topological data analysis to determine the optimal delay for a time-delay embedding. TDA will also be applied to a Z24 bridge case study in structural health monitoring, where it will be used to scrutinize different data partitions, classified by the conditions at which the data were collected. A metric, from topological data analysis, is used to compare data between the partitions. The results presented demonstrate that the presence of damage alters the manifold shape more significantly than the effects present from temperature.
Research on Movement Intentions of Human's Left and Right Legs Based on Electro-Encephalogram Signals
Authors: Dong Fangyan , Wu Liangda , Feng Yongfei , Liang Dongtai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Active rehabilitation can use electro-encephalogram (EEG) signals to identify the patient's left and right leg movement intentions for rehabilitation training, which helps stroke patients recover better and faster. However, the lower limb rehabilitation robot based on EEG has low recognition accuracy so far. A classification method based on EEG signals of motor imagery is proposed to enable patients to accurately control their left and right legs. Firstly, aiming at the unstable characteristics of EEG signals, an experimental protocol of motor imagery was constructed based on multijoint trajectory planning motion of left and right legs. The signals with time-frequency analysis and event-related desynchrony/synchronization (ERD/S) analysis have proved the reliability and validity of the collected EEG signals. Then, the EEG signals generated by the protocol were preprocessed and common space pattern (CSP) was used to extract their features. Support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are adapted and their accuracy of classification results are compared. Finally, on the basis of the proposed classifier with excellent performance, the classifier is used in the active control strategy of the lower limb rehabilitation robot, and the average accuracy of the left leg and right leg controlled by two healthy volunteers was 95.7%, 97.3%, 94.9%, and 94.6%, respectively, by using the ten-fold cross test. This research provides a good theoretical basis for the realization and application of brain-computer interfaces in rehabilitation training.
Experimental Measurements Using Digital Image Correlation Methods: Brief Background and Perspective on Future Developments
Authors: Sutton Michael A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Digital image correlation (DIC) methods initially were developed in the early 1980s to simplify basic in-plane laboratory experiments, modified in the 1990s to obtain full three-dimensional surface displacements and shape measurements on curved or planar specimens and then extended to interior measurements at the end of the last millennium. The enclosed article provides a brief description of the various digital image correlation methods, followed by a personal perspective regarding recent and future developments utilizing DIC measurements.
Assessment of Low Engine Order Excitation of a Contaminated Turbocharger Radial Turbine Stage Using a Nozzle Ring Only Computational Model
Authors: Beierl Michaela R. , Vogt Damian M. , Fischer Magnus , Müller Tobias R. , Kai So Kwok 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The use of critical fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) usually leads to deposits of combustion residues in the turbocharger turbine stage, foremost in the nozzle ring where flow channels can get partially or completely clogged. The resulting change in geometry is heavily asymmetrical and therefore induces low engine order (LEO) excitation, which may lead to resonant excitation of rotor blades and potentially to high cycle fatigue (HCF) failure. The accurate prediction of LEO excitation is computationally intensive especially, in the context of a probabilistic analysis. The current study investigates the suitability of using a simplified model that only contains the nozzle ring in the assessment of LEO excitation to reduce computational costs. The aerodynamic excitation is assessed from the circumferential variation of the nozzle ring outflow. The results obtained with this simplified model are compared to results of validated forced response analyses. Two deteriorated nozzle rings are used for validation purposes, a generic one having one passage blocked by 90%, and a digital replica of a real contaminated nozzle ring. It is shown that the simplified model is suitable for the qualitative prediction of the aerodynamic excitation if the contamination patterns feature sufficiently large differences and that the computational costs can be greatly reduced.
Neural Network-Assisted Design: A Study of Multiscale Topology Optimization With Smoothly Graded Cellular Structures
Authors: Rastegarzadeh Sina , Wang Jun , Huang Jida 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegration of machine learning (ML) with topology optimization (TO) has been attempted in many works. However, most works employ ML in a data-driven paradigm, which requires well-defined training data, and the generalization is questionable. This paper aims to utilize the optimization capability of ML for high-resolution structure design. Rather than learning a priori, the neural network (NN) acts as an optimizer in the TO problem. Specifically, the density field is reparametrized into a function representation-based microstructure. The level surface is the design parameter that controls the microstructure’s volume and shape. We reformulate the multiscale TO problem with this new design variable. NN is utilized to map the microstructure parameters into the design domain. The input of NN is spatial coordinates, and the output is the microstructure level surface value. The network parameters are optimized through backpropagation, which leads to optimal design. In this framework, predicting the microstructure’s parameter at any arbitrary point is possible by taking advantage of the mesh size-independent continuous NN. Once the network is optimized, the resolution of structures can be increased accordingly without increasing computational cost. This is crucial to address the sharp transition problem of adjacent microstructures–a common one in the multiscale structure design. Several benchmarks have been studied to validate the proposed method’s effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate that our work yields high-resolution designs with smooth transitions and improves the overall performance of final structures compared to previous methods.
Quantifying the Effect of Body Habitus on Cardiac Auscultation Via Computational Hemoacoustics
Authors: Lee David Hojun , Seo Jung-Hee , Mittal Rajat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of body habitus on auscultation of heart murmurs is investigated via computational hemoacoustic modeling. The source of the heart murmur is first obtained from a hemodynamic simulation of blood flow through a stenosed aortic valve. This sound source is then placed at the aortic valve location in four distinct human thorax models, and the propagation of the murmur in each thorax model is simulated by solving the elastic wave equations in the time-domain. Placing the same sound source in different thorax models allows for the disambiguation of the effect of body habitus on cardiac auscultation. The surface acceleration resulting from the murmur on each subject's chest surface shows that subjects with higher body-mass index and thoracic cross-sectional area yield smaller acceleration values for the S1 sound. Moreover, the spectral analysis of the signal shows that slope from linear regression in the normal heart sound frequency range (10–150 Hz) is larger for children at the aortic, pulmonic, and mitral auscultation points compared to that for adults. The slope in the murmur frequency range (150–400 Hz) was larger for female subjects at the mitral point compared to that for male subjects. The trends from the results show the potential of the proposed computational method to provide quantitative insights regarding the effect of various anatomical factors on cardiac auscultation.
Data-Driven Sensor Selection for Signal Estimation of Vertical Wheel Forces in Vehicles
Authors: Zheng Xueke , Wang Ying , Wang Le , Cai Runze , Li Mian , Qiu Yu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensor selection is one of the key factors that dictate the performance of estimating vertical wheel forces in vehicle durability design. To select K most relevant sensors among S candidate ones that best fit the response of one vertical wheel force, it has (SK) possible choices to evaluate, which is not practical unless K or S is small. In order to tackle this issue, this paper proposes a data-driven method based on maximizing the marginal likelihood of the data of the vertical wheel force without knowing the dynamics of vehicle systems. Although the resulting optimization problem is a mixed-integer programming problem, it is relaxed to a convex problem with continuous variables and linear constraints. The proposed sensor selection method is flexible and easy to implement, and the hyper-parameters do not need to be tuned using additional validation data sets. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified using numerical examples and experimental data. In the results of different data sizes and model orders, the proposed method has better fitting performance than that of the group lasso method in the sense of the 2-norm based metric. Also, the computational time of the proposed method is much less than that of the enumeration-based method.
Near-Net Shape Manufacture of Ultra-High Strength Maraging Steel Using Flow Forming and Inertia Friction Welding: Experimental and Microstructural Characterization
Authors: Banerjee Amborish , Wylie Andrew , Da Silva Laurie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flow forming and inertia friction welding (IFW) have been widely used as manufacturing processes that produce high-value engineering components. Combining these two advanced processes facilitates the fabrication of near-net shape components leading to optimized designs. This study introduces the joining of flow-formed seamless tubes of MLX®19 maraging steel using the IFW process to fabricate a near-net shape component used in landing gears and missile parts. The as-received material was initially provided ≈30% reduction in thickness from the flow forming trials and then welded at four varying weld energies while maintaining constant friction and forge pressures. The mechanical behavior of the weldments was characterized, and the optimized weld parameters were determined. The concomitant microstructural evolution of the optimized weld was also examined to comprehend the underlying deformation mechanisms. The weld strength, axial shortening, and width of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) displayed an increasing trend with an increase in the weld energy. The weld-zone (WZ) and thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ) showed the presence of martensite, whereas in the HAZ presence of intermetallic precipitates and reverted austenite was confirmed along with tempered martensite. Based on microstructural evidence, it was concluded that the peak temperature attained in the WZ was above Ac3, whereas in the TMAZ it was in-between Ac1 and Ac3. The evolution of crystallographic texture implied that WZ was subjected to pure shear deformation during the welding whereas the TMAZ experienced a combined shear and compressive deformation.
Burnup Characteristics of Transuranic Fuel With Burnable Poison in Dual Cooled Annular Rod of VVER-1000
Authors: Ahmed Md. Tanvir , Sahadath Md. Hossain , Islam Md. Ashraful 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The potentiality of Transuranic (TRU) fuel as dual cooled annular fuel rods with different types of burnable absorbers (BAs)- integrated burnable absorbers (IBAs), burnable poison rods (BPRs), coated absorbers, etc. in the hexagonal assembly of VVER-1000 was studied. Annular 7, Annular 8, and Annular 9 models were taken for various combinations of TRU fuel and BAs. Planned models were simulated in Monte Carlo particle simulation code OpenMC and lattice physics deterministic code Dragon Version5. Burnup-dependent multiplication factors (MFs) were simulated for 3000 effective full power days (EFPDs). Reactivity was calculated by taking 3% neutron leakage. The study showed that both the MF and reactivity for TRU fuel are significantly higher than conventional UO2 fuel. Linear reactivity model (LRM) was applied to find out cycle burnup, discharge cycle burnup, and cycle length. High cycle burnup, discharge burnup, and cycle length have been observed for TRU fuel compared to UO2 fuel. Burnup-dependent atomic concentration graphs showed that slight burn of Np-237, constant concentration for Cm-244, a slight increase for Am-242, and linear burnout of BAs- Gd-155, Gd-155, and Er-167. A lower concentration of Xe-135 has been observed for TRU fuel. Pin power distribution and energy-dependent neutron flux for different models and BAs combinations are also included in this study.
Cryogenian glacial erosion of the central Canadian Shield: The “late” Great Unconformity on thin ice
Authors: McDannell Kalin T. , Keller C. Brenhin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Great Unconformity has been recognized for more than a century, but only recently have its origins become a subject of debate. Hypotheses suggest global Snowball Earth glaciations and tectonic processes associated with the supercontinent Rodinia as drivers of widespread kilometer-scale erosion in the late Neoproterozoic. We present new integrated zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He and fission-track thermochronology from Precambrian basement samples of the central Canadian Shield in northern Manitoba to test these ideas. Bayesian inverse modeling indicates that 150–200 °C of cooling (&gt;3 km of exhumation) occurred simultaneously with Cryogenian glaciations at ca. 690–650 Ma within interior North America. This estimate for the timing of unroofing is more precise than previous appraisals and does not align with any known tectonic or magmatic events (i.e., large igneous province eruptions) potentially associated with the supercontinent cycle that occurred during the late Proterozoic along the Laurentian margins. Based on these results and interpretations, the timing and magnitude of exhumation is best explained by glacial erosion, and further establishes the importance of multiple thermochronometers for resolving detailed deeptime thermal histories.
Hematite geochronology reveals a tectonic trigger for iron ore mineralization during Nuna breakup
Authors: Courtney-Davies Liam , Danišik Martin , Ramanaidou Erick R. , Kirkland Christopher L. , Evans Noreen J. , Piechocka Agnieszka M. , McInnes Brent I.A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hematite and goethite deposits hosted in banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Pilbara craton (Western Australia) represent one of Earth's most significant Fe reserves; however, the timing and tectonic triggers underpinning deposit genesis remain contentious. Uncertainty in ore genesis stems from a lack of direct age measurements, which could aid in correlating periods of BIF mineralization with tectono-thermal events observed elsewhere. Archean–Paleoproterozoic BIFs in the Hamersley Province host extensive martite–microplaty hematite orebodies that formed at 2.2–2.0 Ga, based on indirect constraints. In contrast, combined hematite in situ U-Pb geochronology and (U-Th)/He thermochronology demonstrate that martite–microplaty hematite ores in the Chichester Range crystallized ca. 1.26–1.22 Ga and underwent cratonic denudation between ca. 0.57 and 0.38 Ga. Nanoscale imaging of dated hematite indicates that U-Th-Pb is lattice bound and not hosted in inclusions. New U-Pb hematite ages overlap with other mineral ages reported at the margins of the Pilbara and Yilgarn cratons (1.3–1.1 Ga), where mineral formation was driven by plate reorganization following breakup of the Nuna supercontinent. This age correlation suggests that a combination of increased orogenic (+diagenetic) and heat (+fluid) generative processes resulting from supercontinent reconfiguration was a key trigger for iron ore formation in the Pilbara craton.
Orbitally paced global oceanic deoxygenation decoupled from volcanic CO2 emission during the middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b (Aptian-Albian transition)
Authors: Wang Yi , Bodin Stéphane , Blusztajn Jerzy S. , Ullmann Clemens , Nielsen Sune G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ongoing oceanic oxygen loss will have a profound impact on the distribution and density of life on Earth. However, drivers of the initiation and termination of global oceanic deoxygenation are poorly understood. Here we present a thallium isotope record that reveals three rapid (50 k.y.) global deoxygenation intervals during the mid-Cretaceous that postdate massive volcanism by at least 1 m.y. New strontium isotope data reveal gradually enhanced continental weathering under a warmer climate following volcanism. However, global deoxygenation occurred only under the combined influences of a long-term increase in weathering rates in a warmer climate and short-term orbital modulation that led to atmospheric-circulation reorganization. Interactions of multiple drivers are consistent with the abrupt termination of each deoxygenation interval. Dynamic oxygenation responses in the mid-Cretaceous highlight the role of these processes for understanding the consequences and potential termination of the current oceanic deoxygenation.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin type a in the targeted treatment of sleep bruxism: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
Authors: Cruse Belinda , Dharmadasa Thanuja , White Elise , Hollis Callum , Evans Andrew , Sharmin Sifat , Kalincik Tomas , Kiers Lynette 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIntramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) have been used in the treatment of sleep bruxism (SB) however controlled trials are limited and the optimal injection strategy and dose is not known.MethodsThis double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BTX-A in participants with SB. Average bruxism events per hour of sleep (Bruxism Index, BI) was calculated using surface electromyography. Participants with BI >5 were included and randomised by order of injection (active or placebo with the opposite 20 weeks later) and into one of three differing treatment groups: bilateral masseter (60 units(U)), bilateral masseter and temporalis (90U) and bilateral masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles (120U). Change in BI and subjective measures of headache, pain, and bruxism at 4 and 12 weeks was calculated following intervention, and differences between treatment groups analysed.Results41 participants were recruited, 35 randomised and data from 22 participants (14 female) were analysed. BI was significantly lower at 4 weeks after active treatment when compared with placebo (mean=−1.66, p=0.003), not sustained at 12 weeks. The difference was greater with higher doses injected and among those with greater baseline BI. There was no difference in subjective measures at any time point. Five participants injected had mild, transient side effects.DiscussionTargeted BTX-A injection is a safe and effective treatment for SB. A greater benefit may be achieved by administering BTX-A into more muscles and at higher total doses and among those with higher baseline BI.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001430224.