bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cytosolic iron–sulphur cluster assembly mechanism in grapevine is one target of a virulent Crinkler effector from Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Xiang Gaoqing , Fu Qingqing , Li Guanggui , Liu Ruiqi , Liu Guotian , Yin Xiao , Chen Tingting , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrapevine downy mildew is one of the most devastating diseases in grape production worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. A thorough understanding of the interaction between grapevine and the causal agent, Plasmopara viticola, is helpful to develop alternative disease control measures. Effector proteins that could be secreted to the interaction interface by pathogens are responsible for the susceptibility of host plants. In this study, a Crinkler effector, named PvCRN17, which is from P. viticola and showed virulent effects towards Nicotiana benthamiana previously, was further investigated. Consistently, PvCRN17 showed a virulent effect on grapevine plants. Protein–protein interaction experiments identified grapevine VAE7L1 (Vitis protein ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1/2 ENHANCER 7‐Like 1) as one target of PvCRN17. VAE7L1 was found to interact with VvCIA1 and VvAE7, thus it may function in the cytosolic iron–sulphur cluster assembly (CIA) pathway. Transient expression of VAE7L1 in Vitis riparia and N. benthamiana leaves enhanced the host resistance to oomycete pathogens. Downstream of the CIA pathway in grapevine, three iron–sulphur (Fe‐S) proteins showed an enhancing effect on the disease resistance of N. benthamiana. Competitive co‐immunoprecipitation assay showed PvCRN17 could compete with VvCIA1 to bind with VAE7L1 and VvAE7. Moreover, PvCRN17 and VAE7L1 were colocalized at the plasma membrane of the plant cell. To conclude, after intruding into the grapevine cell, PvCRN17 would compete with VCIA1 to bind with VAE7L1 and VAE7, demolishing the CIA Fe‐S cluster transfer complex, interrupting the maturation of Fe‐S proteins, to suppress Fe‐S proteins‐mediated defence responses.
Living waste, living on waste: A bioeconomy of urban cows in Delhi
Authors: Turnbull Jonathon , Barua Maan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe economic implications of biopolitics – or the administration, regulation, and control of life – have received significant attention in recent geographical and cognate scholarship. An emerging theme of inquiry, largely focused on the Global North, makes contributions to specifying ‘lively capital’, defined here as bodily value in motion – predicated on accumulation from other‐than‐human life. In this paper, we argue that the biopolitical process of bringing life into the ambit of capital works in cultural, political, and economic registers and not just through singular logics of the economic, as extant accounts have implied. The rendition of life into capital through modes of biopower is not a universal process. It has diverging trajectories that, in postcolonial contexts, involve hybrids between biopolitical and vernacular practices. This argument is made through an account of bovine biopolitics in urban Delhi with specific reference to the city's ‘cattle problem’ involving ‘surplus’ animals. It unfolds in four distinct parts. First, drawing on archival work, we trace colonial histories of cattle improvement to reveal how the category of ‘surplus’ was invented. Second, we deploy more‐than‐human ethnographies of free‐ranging animals in Delhi to foreground how ‘surplus’ cattle – which we conceptualise as ‘living waste’ – are driven to feed on waste as a result of gentrification and the enclosure of erstwhile grazing grounds. Third, we turn to gaushalas (cow shelters) in Delhi to show how ‘surplus’ cattle from the city's streets are rehomed and managed. Fourth, we examine the uneven practices of care afforded to different bovines based on logics associated with right‐wing Hindutva nationalism. Our account provincialises lively capital by opening up more nuanced and situated understandings of the relations between biopolitics and capitalism, attentive to divergences from models situated in Western modernity.
Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Yarns With High Energy Dissipation Capabilities
Authors: Pérez-Aranda C. , Pech-Pisté R. , Carrillo-Escalante H. J. , Uribe-Riestra G. C. , Avilés F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) are porous hierarchical fibers that exhibit a strong property-structure relationship. The morphology and structure of dry-spun CNTYs are characterized and correlated with their quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties. These characterizations include assessment of the CNTY homogeneity by means of Raman spectroscopy mapping, determination of linear density and porosity, atomic force microscopy, and dedicated measurements of the statistical distribution of the yarn’s diameter. Tensile testing of CNTYs yielded a specific strength of 0.21–0.34 N/tex, and a specific elastic modulus of 3.59–8.06 N/tex, depending on the gage length. While the strength is weakly sensitive to the gage length, the elastic modulus depends on the gage length. The importance of subtracting the machine compliance for the determination of the CNTY’s elastic modulus is highlighted, since the error can reach up to 28%. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the CNTY is a stiff material with an extraordinary high damping ratio, which increases with temperature and reaches ∼0.6 at 60 °C. In addition, the CNTY presents a frequency-stiffening behavior in the 18–48 Hz range, with storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) which increase ∼2.5 times (E′) and ∼7 times (E″) at 48 Hz.
Exploiting Bifurcation Behaviors in Parametrically Excited Mode-Localized Resonators for Mass Sensing
Authors: Song Jiahao , Lyu Ming , Kacem Najib , Liu Pengbo , Huang Yu , Fan Kefeng , Zhao Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The demand for detecting minute mass in biology and chemistry promotes the research of high sensitivity and strong robustness mass sensor based on MEMS resonators in the past few decades. The nonlinear behaviors are introduced to improve sensitivity, frequency stability, resolution, etc. However, the bifurcation configuration will become sophisticated due to mechanical, electrostatic, and damping nonlinearities. In this paper, the nonlinear bifurcation behaviors in parametrically excited mode-localized resonators are theoretically analyzed and introduced to improve the robustness of mass sensors. The nonlinear dynamics is computed by using the method of multiple scales, which is validated by the harmonic balance method combined with the asymptotic numerical method. Then, the rules for controlling the two different bifurcation topologies are proposed. Notably, the sensitivity near the pitchfork bifurcation point can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude, and meanwhile, the sensor performs excellent antijamming ability to a specific damping range, which opens the way to avoid the problem of lack of robustness for bifurcation-based mass sensors.
A New Framework for Efficient Sequential Sampling-Based RBDO Using Space Mapping
Authors: Park Jeong Woo , Lee Ikjin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In engineering applications of sampling-based reliability-based design optimization (RBDO), the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) using a surrogate model of the performance function is mainly used for the probability of failure calculation and sensitivity analysis. However, if an inaccurate surrogate model is used, the calculation result using MCS will also be inaccurate, so it is essential to improve the accuracy of the surrogate model using sequential sampling. Hence, various sampling-based RBDO methods and sequential sampling methods have been proposed and used in various fields, and space mapping may also be a new framework for sequential sampling. In this paper, sampling-based RBDO with the Gaussian process regression (GPR) and space mapping is proposed. Space mapping generally attempts to utilize high-fidelity samples to update the low-fidelity model in multi-fidelity model conditions. However, in the proposed method, it is used for sequential sampling to improve the accuracy of the existing surrogate model. The major advantage of the proposed space mapping-based RBDO is that the existing surrogate model and the finally updated surrogate model can be formulated with simple matrix and vector calculations. In particular, when there is only a surrogate model that has been built due to the loss of existing sample information since the space mapping updates the model, the accuracy of the surrogate model can be improved by sequential sampling. The proposed method is compared with sequential sampling-based RBDO using GPR, and the calculation accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated through a 2D highly nonlinear example and an engineering problem.
Digital Twin Based Virtual Sensor for Online Fatigue Damage Monitoring in Offshore Wind Turbine Drivetrains
Authors: Mehlan Felix C. , Nejad Amir R. , Gao Zhen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article a virtual sensor for online load monitoring and subsequent remaining useful life (RUL) assessment of wind turbine gearbox bearings is presented. Utilizing a Digital Twin framework the virtual sensor combines data from readily available sensors of the condition monitoring (CMS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system with a physics-based gearbox model. Different state estimation methods including Kalman filter, Least-square estimator, and a quasi-static approach are employed for load estimation. For RUL assessment the accumulated fatigue damage is calculated with the Palmgren–Miner model. A case study using simulation measurements from a high-fidelity gearbox model is conducted to evaluate the proposed method. Estimated loads at the considered intermediate and high-speed shaft bearings show moderate to high correlation (R = 0.50 − 0.96) to measurements, as lower frequency internal dynamics are not fully captured. The estimated fatigue damage differs by 5–15% from measurements.
A Generalized Framework for Risk-Based Extreme Load Analysis in Offshore System Design
Authors: Arif Mohammad , Khan Faisal , Ahmed Salim , Imtiaz Syed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The primary aim of this research is to consider the correlation among environmental factors in calculating 100 and 1000 years of extreme load design criteria. This is done by considering load as energy transferred from external environment to the offshore system. Also, incorporating spatial and temporal dependence of environmental variables in the context of offshore design. A bivariate extreme value distribution and a conditional joint return level function are developed using the Gumbel–Hougaard copula. The offshore design risk criteria are developed for the finer grid locations (0.1 deg × 0.1 deg latitude/longitude grid) considering joint extreme wind and wave energy. The developed approach is tested using data for the Flemish Pass basin off the east coast of Canada. Along with the primary aim, the impact of climate change is investigated (time and space variability) by implementing the proposed methodology in two cases: the periods from 1959 to 1988 and 1989 to 2018. This study observed that climate change has caused 30% less correlation between wind speed and wave height in recent years (1989–2018) compared to the period of 1959–1988. The proposed extreme design wind speed is 39.7 m/s, and significant wave height is 16.4 m; their joint exceeding probability is 5.80 × 10−5 over an annual basis for a scenario of 100-year.
Polymer Lubrication: Pressure–Viscosity–Temperature Dependence of Film Thickness for Highly Loaded Compliant Contacts in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Regime
Authors: Krupka Jiri , Dockal Krystof , Krupka Ivan , Hartl Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relevance of the compliant contacts operated in elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime has increased during the last decades. Polymers and elastomers have been preferred because of their low-cost production or their tribological performance in many mechanical and bioengineering applications, where the metals originally dominated. Especially, in high-performance applications, such as polymer gears, the current subject of interest covers the transition between Piezoviscous-elastic and Isoviscous-elastic regimes of elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Here, it is necessary to precisely determine operating conditions and lubricant properties such as rheology whose contribution to film thickness formation may be influenced by attributes of individual lubrication regimes. The high-pressure viscosimeter and the optical tribometer were used, the former to establish the pressure–viscosity–temperature relationship of two reference lubricants, natural Squalane and synthetic tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, and the latter to determine the central and minimum film thickness in the circular contact between the PMMA disc and the steel ball using the optical chromatic interferometry method. Experimental results of film thickness demonstrated a significant deviation from the soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) models, independently of the lubricant used, load, entrainment speed, and temperature because the pressure–viscosity–temperature response of lubricant was not included. Due to this, film thickness data were regressed, and new power coefficients of dimensionless parameter G¯ were derived. Outcomes confirmed the operation of the compliant circular contact in the transition region between the Piezoviscous-elastic and Isoviscous-elastic regimes with the minimum film thickness identified on the side lobes of the horseshoe shape.
A Robust Delayed Resonator Construction Using Amplifying Mechanism
Authors: Liu Yifan , Cai Jiazhi , Olgac Nejat , Gao Qingbin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The delayed resonator (DR) is an active vibration absorber, which yields ideal vibration suppression at its resonance frequency. In this study, we further complement the DR design in a distinctive mechanical path by introducing an amplifying mechanism (AM), so the creation of DRA. Very different from the existing works that focus more on how to enhance the ideal vibration suppression of the DR, we are interested in how the DR behaves under uncertainties and how can the newly proposed DRA abate the arising negative effects. First, we study the effects of such uncertainties in detecting the excitation frequency on the quality of vibration suppression, working space of the absorber, and energy cost. Then, we discuss how the control parameter perturbation affects the system stability. A comparative study between the classic DR and the proposed DRA is presented throughout the text, showing that the enhanced performance and robustness characteristics enabled by the AM are almost all-around while posing no additional controller complexity. We also show using spectral analysis that the AM can also enhance the transient behavior of the system. Finally, three numerical simulations included as core studies vividly exhibit DRA’s practical strength.
Develop and Verify Energy-Based Statistical Linearization Technique to Analysis Nonlinear Stochastic Vibration of a Spur Gear Pair
Authors: Kahnamouei Jalal Taheri , Yang Jianming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, an energy-based statistical linearization method (SL) is proposed to simulate a nonlinear dynamic model of spur gear pair. The gear pair operates under combined deterministic and random loads, and both backlash and time-varying mesh stiffness are considered in the dynamic model. The equivalent linear function approximates the teeth backlash nonlinearity in the gear model. The energy-based linearization, which minimizes the error in potential energy between the original and equivalent linear systems, is used. Simulations are conducted on a gear pair, and the effect of the input torque on the dynamic response of the gear pair is then examined. The results demonstrate that for high input torque, the system operates in the linear range. For low input torque, the results are not similar to the original because the system became strongly nonlinear. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to verify the accuracy of the presented method.
Resonance Mode and Sound Pressure of a Push–Pull Electrostatic Speaker Based on Elliptical Diaphragm
Authors: Chiang Hsin-Yuan , Huang Yu-Hsi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study modeled an elliptical diaphragm in a push–pull electrostatic speaker using the average displacement, specific impedance, and equivalent radius to predict the frequency response in terms of sound pressure level (SPL). We also fabricated a prototype of an electrostatic speaker based on an elliptical diaphragm with a fixed rim measuring 32 mm (semi-major axis) by 30 mm (semi-minor axis). The speaker was then used to analyze the frequency–response characteristics associated with resonance modes and displacement curves using optical measurement and obtain the SPL curves in an anechoic chamber using acoustic measurements. The experiment results revealed that the predicted curves were in good agreement with the measured displacement and SPL curves. These curves of the electrostatic speaker were strongly affected by air radiation impedance. The study provided a designed guide for the electrostatic speaker of the elliptical diaphragm by theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. When our speaker was implemented in an over-ear electrostatic headphone, we obtained a solid bass response and a frequency response typical of high-fidelity headphones.
A Trajectory Planning Approach for Delta Robots Considering Both Motion Smoothness and Dynamic Stress
Authors: Ni Jinlu , Mei Jiangping , Ding Yabin , Yu Dongxing , Duan Yunrui , Le Yuxin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By considering both motion smoothness and dynamic stress, a trajectory planning method for delta robots, with the goal of determining the two optimal normalized time factors that dominate the motion path in operation space, is presented in this article. First, based on the semianalytical elastodynamics model of parallel robots, which considers the compliance of the limbs and joints, a dynamic stress model of the kinematic chain was built. Two indices were proposed to reflect the motion smoothness and dynamic stress. A sensitivity analysis and an optimization of the normalized time factors for a modified fifth-order B-spline approach were conducted in isight and matlab. The results show that the two normalized time factors have important impacts on the motion smoothness and dynamic stress. A comparison showed that the trajectory planning approach based on the modified fifth-order B-spline reduced the dynamic stress while improving the motion smoothness. The approach proposed in this work can also be applied in trajectory planning for other parallel or hybrid robots.
Immunoreactive trypsinogen in healthy newborns and infants with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Fingerhut Ralph , Rueegg Corina Silvia , Imahorn Orell , Pedersen Eva Sophie Lunde , Kuehni Claudia Elisabeth , Gallati Sabina , Regamey Nicolas , Barben Jürg 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveNewborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) was introduced in Switzerland in 2011 based on an immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)-DNA-IRT protocol. CF diagnosis was confirmed by sweat test and/or genetics but remained inconclusive for some newborns (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator related metabolic syndrome (CRMS)/CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID)). We aimed to (1) Describe IRT levels in healthy newborns in the first year of life and by gestational age (GA), and (2) Compare IRT at two time points between healthy newborns and newborns with CF and CRMS/CFSPID.DesignRetrospective study.SettingNational NBS database.PatientsAll children with an IRT measurement by heel prick test from 2011 to 2019.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresIRT values were extracted from the National NBS Laboratory, and clinical characteristics of positively screened children from the CF-NBS database. Second IRT assessment in positively screened children was usually performed after 18–24 days. We calculated internal IRT Z-Scores and multiples of the median to compare our results across different laboratory tools.ResultsAmong 815 899 children; 232 were diagnosed with CF, of whom 36 had meconium ileus (MI); 27 had CRMS/CFSPID. Among all samples analysed, mean IRT Z-Scores were higher for newborns with GA <33 weeks and ≥43 weeks (all Z-Scores >0.11) compared with term babies (all Z-Scores ≤0.06). Repeated IRT Z-Scores after a median (IQR) of 19 (17–22) days remained high for infants with CF with or without MI but decreased for infants with CRMS/CFSPID.ConclusionsMeasurement of a second IRT value can help distinguish between children with CRMS/CFSPID and CF, early in life.
Effect of a test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid-19: phase 3 randomised controlled trial (CORONAVIT)
Authors: Jolliffe David A , Holt Hayley , Greenig Matthew , Talaei Mohammad , Perdek Natalia , Pfeffer Paul , Vivaldi Giulia , Maltby Sheena , Symons Jane , Barlow Nicola L , Normandale Alexa , Garcha Rajvinder , Richter Alex G , Faustini Sian E , Orton Christopher , Ford David , Lyons Ronan A , Davies Gwyneth A , Kee Frank , Griffiths Christopher J , Norrie John , Sheikh Aziz , Shaheen Seif O , Relton Clare , Martineau Adrian R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of population level implementation of a test-and-treat approach to correction of suboptimal vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <75 nmol/L) on risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection and covid 19.DesignPhase 3 open label randomised controlled trial.SettingUnited Kingdom.Participants6200 people aged ≥16 years who were not taking vitamin D supplements at baseline.InterventionsOffer of a postal finger prick test of blood 25(OH)D concentration with provision of a six month supply of lower dose vitamin D (800 IU/day, n=1550) or higher dose vitamin D (3200 IU/day, n=1550) to those with blood 25(OH)D concentration <75 nmol/L, compared with no offer of testing or supplementation (n=3100). Follow-up was for six months.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants with at least one swab test or doctor confirmed acute respiratory tract infection of any cause. A secondary outcome was the proportion of participants with swab test confirmed covid-19. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals. The primary analysis was conducted by intention to treat.ResultsOf 3100 participants offered a vitamin D test, 2958 (95.4%) accepted and 2674 (86.3%) had 25(OH)D concentrations <75 nmol/L and received vitamin D supplements (n=1328 lower dose, n=1346 higher dose). Compared with 136/2949 (4.6%) participants in the no offer group, at least one acute respiratory tract infection of any cause occurred in 87/1515 (5.7%) in the lower dose group (odds ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.66) and 76/1515 (5.0%) in the higher dose group (1.09, 0.82 to 1.46). Compared with 78/2949 (2.6%) participants in the no offer group, 55/1515 (3.6%) developed covid-19 in the lower dose group (1.39, 0.98 to 1.97) and 45/1515 (3.0%) in the higher dose group (1.13, 0.78 to 1.63).ConclusionsAmong people aged 16 years and older with a high baseline prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status, implementation of a population level test-and-treat approach to vitamin D supplementation was not associated with a reduction in risk of all cause acute respiratory tract infection or covid-19.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04579640.