bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic coronary artery disease association with brain atrophy in the cognitively impaired
Authors: de Silva Eric , Sudre Carole H , Barnes Josephine , Scelsi Marzia A , Altmann Andre ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While a number of low-frequency genetic variants of large effect size have been shown to underlie both cardiovascular disease and dementia, recent studies have highlighted the importance of common genetic variants of small effect size, which, in aggregate, are embodied by a polygenic risk score. We investigate the effect of polygenic risk for coronary artery disease on brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease using whole-brain volume and put our findings in context with the polygenic risk for Alzheimer’s disease and presumed small vessel disease as quantified by white-matter hyperintensities. We use 730 subjects from the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative database to investigate polygenic risk score effects (beyond APOE) on whole-brain volumes, total and regional white-matter hyperintensities and amyloid beta across diagnostic groups. In a subset of these subjects (N = 602), we utilized longitudinal changes in whole-brain volume over 24 months using the boundary shift integral approach. Linear regression and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the effect of white-matter hyperintensities at baseline as well as Alzheimer’s disease-polygenic risk score and coronary artery disease-polygenic risk score on whole-brain atrophy and whole-brain atrophy acceleration, respectively. All genetic associations were examined under the oligogenic (P = 1e-5) and the more variant-inclusive polygenic (P = 0.5) scenarios. Results suggest no evidence for a link between the polygenic risk score and markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology at baseline (when stratified by diagnostic group). However, both Alzheimer’s disease-polygenic risk score and coronary artery disease-polygenic risk score were associated with longitudinal decline in whole-brain volume (Alzheimer’s disease-polygenic risk score t = 3.3, PFDR = 0.007 over 24 months in healthy controls) and surprisingly, under certain conditions, whole-brain volume atrophy is statistically more correlated with cardiac polygenic risk score than Alzheimer’s disease-polygenic risk score (coronary artery disease-polygenic risk score t = 2.1, PFDR = 0.04 over 24 months in the mild cognitive impairment group). Further, in our regional analysis of white-matter hyperintensities, Alzheimer’s disease-polygenic risk score beyond APOE is predictive of white-matter volume in the occipital lobe in Alzheimer’s disease subjects in the polygenic regime. Finally, the rate of change of brain volume (or atrophy acceleration) may be sensitive to Alzheimer’s disease-polygenic risk beyond APOE in healthy individuals (t = 2, P = 0.04). For subjects with mild cognitive impairment, beyond APOE, a more inclusive polygenic risk score including more variants, shows coronary artery disease-polygenic risk score to be more predictive of whole-brain volume atrophy, than an oligogenic approach including fewer larger effect size variants.
Trends in Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality Related to the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Subvariants in South Africa
Authors: Jassat Waasila , Abdool Karim Salim S , Ozougwu Lovelyn , Welch Richard , Mudara Caroline , Masha Maureen , Rousseau Petro , Wolmarans Milani , Selikow Anthony , Govender Nevashan , Walaza Sibongile , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , Terrence Pisa Pedro , Sanne Ian , Govender Sharlene , Blumberg Lucille , Cohen Cheryl , Groome Michelle J ,   for the DATCOV Author Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we compared admission incidence risk and the risk of mortality in the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave to previous waves.MethodsData from South Africa's SARS-CoV-2 case linelist, national COVID-19 hospital surveillance system, and Electronic Vaccine Data System were linked and analyzed. Wave periods were defined when the country passed a weekly incidence of 30 cases/100 000 population. In-hospital case fatality ratios (CFRs) during the Delta, Omicron BA.1/BA.2, and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 waves were compared using post-imputation random effect multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsThe CFR was 25.9% (N = 37 538 of 144 778), 10.9% (N = 6123 of 56 384), and 8.2% (N = 1212 of 14 879) in the Delta, Omicron BA.1/BA.2, and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 waves, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidities, health sector, and province, compared with the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave, patients had higher risk of mortality in the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.4) and Delta wave (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI: 2.8–3.2). Being partially vaccinated (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI: .9–.9), fully vaccinated (aOR, 0.6; 95% CI: .6–.7), and boosted (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI: .4–.5) and having prior laboratory-confirmed infection (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI: .3–.4) were associated with reduced risks of mortality.ConclusionsOverall, admission incidence risk and in-hospital mortality, which had increased progressively in South Africa's first 3 waves, decreased in the fourth Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave and declined even further in the fifth Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave. Mortality risk was lower in those with natural infection and vaccination, declining further as the number of vaccine doses increased.
Analysis Performance Of Image Processing Technique Its Application by Decision Support Systems On Covid-19 Disease Prediction Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Ravishankar K , Jothikumar C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has been identified as a key issue for human society, in recent times. The presence of the infection on any human is identified according to different symptoms like cough, fever, headache, breathless and so on. However, most of the symptoms are shared by various other diseases, which makes it challenging for the medical practitioners to identify the infection. To aid the medical practitioners, there are a number of approaches designed which use different features like blood report, lung and cardiac features to detect the disease. The method captures the lung image using magnetic resonance imaging scan device and records the cardiac features. Using the image, the lung features are extracted and from the cardiac graph, the cardiac features are extracted. Similarly, from the blood samples, the features are extracted. By extracting such features from the person, the method estimates different weight measures to predict the disease. Different methods estimate the similarity of the samples in different ways to classify the input sample. However, the image processing techniques are used for different problems in medical domain; the same has been used in the detection of the disease. Also, the presence of Covid-19 is detected using different set of features by various approaches.
Models of Care for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National Cross-sectional Survey to Characterize the Landscape of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care in Canada
Authors: Miles Matthew , Peña-Sánchez Juan Nicolás , Heisler Courtney , Cui Yunsong , Mathias Holly , Stewart Michael , Jones Jennifer L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Collaborative care models improve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient outcomes, yet little is known about the capacity or available resources to deliver such model of care in Canada. We aimed to describe the structure and process characteristics of clinical care delivery models for IBD across Canada, including the number of collaborative care centers.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and October 2018 through an online survey. This survey was distributed to gastroenterologists at community and academic centers across Canada who provide care for IBD patients. Comparisons between collaborative and non-collaborative centers were analyzed using chi-squares or t-tests. Descriptive statistics of respondent demographics were also generated.

Results
Seventy-two gastroenterologists from 62 unique IBD centers completed the survey. A total of 7 unique collaborative centers and 55 unique non-collaborative centers were identified. There were significant differences between collaborative and non-collaborative centers in some aspects of access to IBD care, patient assessment and referral process, and patent education and empowerment. Notably, very few centers had processes for implementing and evaluating evidence-based clinical pathways, and auditing quality indicators.

Conclusions
Our findings identify areas for improving the quality of IBD care in Canada. Expanding the number of and access to collaborative care centers in Canada is needed, in addition to increased focus on patient education, communication, and implementation of evidence-based care pathways.
Inflammatory Response in Patients With Crohn’s Disease Compared With Ulcerative Colitis: Secondary Results of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: El-Hussuna Alaa , Varghese Chris , Bhat Vivek , Qvist Niels 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory response (IR) to surgery between patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in a previous study by the authors. We included all adult patients who underwent elective surgery for CD and UC. The primary outcome variable was the difference in postoperative IR as measured by interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the count of white blood cells (WBCs) in peripheral blood. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with a mixed effect (disease type as the between-patient factor, and time as the within patient factor).

Results
We included 46 patients in this pilot study. Median age was 42.5 years (IQR 30.5–42.2), 25/46 were females (54.3%). Patients with CD had a more marked IR to surgery compared with those with UC as shown by significant differences in levels of IL-6, IL-10, and CRP. Patients with CD were more often treated with postoperative epidural analgesia 17 (53.1%) versus 1 (7.1%), P = .009. Patients with colonic CD had a more intense IR to surgery than patients with UC after the same surgical resection. This significant trend continued when patients who underwent small bowel resection compared with those with colectomy. The changes in inflammatory markers and WBC counts from baseline to peak value were also higher in patients with CD indicating a more severe IR. However, there was a similar response in patients undergoing laparoscopic compared with open approaches

Conclusions
The postoperative IR was greater in patients with CD than those with UC. This is important to tackle in preoperative optimization as well as postoperative recovery protocols.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in identical twins: a case series
Authors: Ashraf Muddasir , Samad Fatima , Jahangir Arshad , Jan Muhammad Fuad , Galazka Patrycja , Tajik Abdul Jamil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in identical twins is rare. Cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with homogenous and heterogeneous phenotypes have been described in the literature.

Case summary
We report a pair of monozygotic twins (Twin A and Twin B) with identical morphological expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. On initial evaluation, both twins had resting left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, Grade II diastolic dysfunction, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II symptoms, but they had a different clinical course afterward. Twin A progressed from NYHA Class II to Class III with a high left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient that was unresponsive to medical treatment and required alcohol septal ablation. Twin B responded very well to medical treatment. Both patients had no risk factors for sudden cardiac death, and neither required an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Discussion
The morphology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a strong genetic basis, but epigenetic factors may affect disease expression.
How theory can help to understand the potential impact of food environment policies on socioeconomic inequalities in diet: an application of Bourdieu’s capital theory and the scarcity theory
Authors: Djojosoeparto Sanne K , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Harrington Janas M , Løvhaug Anne Lene , Roos Gun , Sawyer Alexia D M , Stronks Karien , Terragni Laura , Torheim Liv Elin , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Poelman Maartje P , van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Government policies that promote healthy food environments are considered promising to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in diet. Empirical evidence of effects on these inequalities, however, is relatively scarce and, with a few exceptions, tends to be inconclusive. We use two contemporary theories that help to understand socioeconomic inequalities in health and health-related behaviours (Bourdieu’s capital theory and Mullainathan and Shafir’s scarcity theory) to reason how policies influencing food environments may differentially impact lower and higher socioeconomic groups. In essence, these theories enable us to understand how specific elements of broader daily living conditions (e.g. social practices that lead to habitus formation, material conditions that shape experiences of scarcity) may lead to a greater benefit of certain food environment policies for the healthfulness of diets of lower or higher socioeconomic groups. We conclude that the application of theories on the mechanisms underlying socioeconomic inequalities in health can help to guide future empirical studies in testing theory-based hypotheses on differential effects of policies, and thereby enhance the development of effective policies tackling socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intakes.
Towards a harmonized European surveillance for dietary and physical activity indicators in young and adult populations
Authors: Hebestreit Antje , Do Stefanie , Wolters Maike , Mensink Gert B M , Garnica-Rosas Lina , Abu-Omar Karim , Messing Sven , Neumann-Podczaska Agnieszka , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna , Lien Nanna , Stanley Isobel , Ahrens Wolfgang , Murrin Celine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Policy Evaluation Network proposes a consolidated approach to measure comparable health indicators across European health surveillance systems to evaluate effectiveness of policy action.MethodsIn a stepwise approach, questionnaire items used by the systems for measuring diet and physical activity data to describe health indicators were identified based on their validity, reliability, and suitability to monitor achievement of health recommendations. They were collated to unified questionnaire modules and discussed bilaterally with representatives of these systems to explore barriers and facilitators for implementation. Also, establishment of a methodological competence platform was proposed, in which the surveillance and monitoring systems agree on the priorities and common quality standards for the harmonization process and to coordinate the integration of questionnaire modules into existing systems.ResultsIn total, seven questionnaire modules were developed, of which two diet and two physical activity modules were proposed for implementation. Each module allows measurement of data reflecting only partial aspects of national and WHO recommendations related to diet and physical activity. Main barriers were the requirements of systems to monitor temporal trends and to minimize costs. Main facilitator for implementation was the systems’ use of questionnaire items that were comparable to the unified modules. Representatives agreed to participate in a methodological competence platform.ConclusionWe successfully took first steps in the realization of the roadmap towards a harmonization of European surveillance by introducing unified questionnaire modules allowing the collection of comparable health indicators and by initiating the establishment of a competence platform to guide this process.
The impact of mass-media campaigns on physical activity: a review of reviews through a policy lens
Authors: den Braver Nicolette R , Garcia Bengoechea Enrique , Messing Sven , Kelly Liam , Schoonmade Linda J , Volf Kevin , Zukowska Joanna , Gelius Peter , Forberger Sarah , Woods Catherine B , Lakerveld J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
This review of reviews aimed to: (1) summarize the evidence from published reviews on the effectiveness of mass-media campaigns to promote physical activity (PA) or PA-related determinants (intermediate psychological and proximal outcomes) and (2) to identify policy-relevant recommendations related to successful PA campaigns.

Methods
An extensive literature search was performed on 1 March 2021. Reviews that evaluated the impact of campaigns on distal (e.g. PA) and/or proximal outcomes of PA (awareness, knowledge, etc.) and that targeted the general population or subsets were included. Quality of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Policy-relevant recommendations were systematically derived and synthesized and formulated as good practice statements. A protocol was registered beforehand (ID: CRD42021249184).

Results
A total of 1915 studies were identified, of which 22 reviews were included. The most consistent evidence was found for the effectiveness of mass-media campaigns on proximal outcomes, while the evidence for distal outcomes was mixed. Good practice statements were derived: (1) to achieve behaviour change, mass-media is an important component of larger, multilevel and multicomponent strategies; (2) mass-media strategies should be coordinated and aligned at local- and national-level and be sustained, monitored and resourced at these levels and (3) media should be tailored to reduce socioeconomic inequalities.

Conclusions
Mass-media can play an important role in the promotion of PA. In general, evidence was more inconsistent for effectiveness on distal outcomes than for proximal outcomes. Policy-relevant recommendations include that mass-media strategies should be resourced, coordinated, aligned, sustained, monitored and evaluated on the local and national level.
Absent Animals in Patrick Deville’s
Kampuchéa
Authors: Epp Marla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This article focuses on the ways in which encounters with animals, a frequent trope in travel literature, are reworked in Patrick Deville’s
Kampuchéa
(2011) to reflect the current dire ecological situation. Deville’s narrator is in South East Asia following the path of French naturalist Henri Mouhot, whose diary of his travels was published in 1868. Although the travel routes are similar and the basic components of a travel narrative remain, Mouhot’s literary style is reconfigured to reflect the twenty-first-century traveller’s awareness of the violent past of the region and anxiety over the future of the planet. If animals abound in Mouhot’s diary, they are remarkable in
Kampuchéa
primarily through their absence. Deville does not, however, occlude them from his narrative, but rather writes about them
in absentia
. This article studies the implications of Deville’s writing about animals without any meaningful face-to-face encounters. It further considers the repercussions of these lost moments of exchange and argues that Deville’s commitment to writing about animals, even those who are absent, works to keep their looming extinction at the forefront of readers’ minds.
Assessing similarity in continuous seismic cross-correlation functions using hierarchical clustering: application to Ruapehu and Piton de la Fournaise volcanoes
Authors: Yates Alexander , Caudron Corentin , Lesage Philippe , Mordret Aurélien , Lecocq Thomas , Soubestre Jean 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYPassive seismic interferometry has become a popular technique towards monitoring. The method depends on the relative stability of background seismic sources in order to make repeatable measurements of subsurface properties. Such stability is typically assessed by examining the similarity of cross-correlation functions through time. Thus, techniques that can better assess the temporal similarity of cross-correlation functions may aid in discriminating between real subsurface processes and artificial changes related variable seismic sources. In this study, we apply agglomerative hierarchical clustering to cross-correlation functions computed using seismic networks at two volcanoes. This allows us to form groups of data that share similar characteristics and also, unlike common similarity measures, does not require a defined reference period. At Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion island), we resolve distinct clusters that relate both to changes in the seismic source (volcanic tremor onset) and changes in the medium following volcanic eruptions. At Mt Ruapehu (New Zealand), we observe a consistency to cross-correlation functions computed in the frequency band of volcanic tremor, suggesting tremor could be useful as a repeatable seismic source. Our results demonstrate the potential of hierarchical clustering as a similarity measure for cross-correlation functions, suggesting it could be a useful step towards recognizing structure in seismic interferometry data sets. This can benefit both decisions in processing and interpretations of observed subsurface changes.
Non-Personal Data Regulation – A Latin American Perspective
Authors: Díaz Vera Lina María 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper argues in favor of non-personal data regulation in Latin America as a way of helping the digital economy reach its full potential in the region. While overall there are significant improvements regarding personal data, there is a vacuum in terms of data that does not allow the identification of any individual person, either because it is not initially related to a data subject or because it was anonymized. Drawing from data economics, the paper argues that countries in Latin America should regulate non-personal data because of the winner-takes-all dynamics of data markets, the importance of having control over non-personal data for local companies, and to try and balance the scales. In particular, the paper addresses three issues to be regulated, namely property vs. access to non-personal data, cross-border data flows, and data standardization.