bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation in children and adolescents in Norway: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Størdal Ketil , Ruiz Paz Lopez-Doriga , Greve-Isdahl Margrethe , Surén Pål , Knudsen Per Kristian , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Tapia German 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation among children and adolescents.DesignNationwide, population-based cohort study.SettingNorway from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2021.ParticipantsAll Norwegian residents<18 years of age.Main outcome measuresPopulation-based healthcare and population registries were used to study risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including socioeconomic factors, country of origin and pre-existing chronic comorbidities. All residents were followed until age 18 years, emigration, death or end of follow-up. HRs estimated by Cox regression models were adjusted for testing frequency. Further, risk factors for admission to the hospital among the infected were investigated.ResultsOf 1 219 184 residents, 82 734 (6.7%) tested positive by PCR or lateral flow tests, of whom 241 (0.29%) were admitted to a hospital. Low family income (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.30), crowded housing (1.27, 1.24 to 1.30), household size, age, non-Nordic country of origin (1.63, 1.60 to 1.66) and area of living were independent risk factors for infection. Chronic comorbidity was associated with a slightly lower risk of infection (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93). Chronic comorbidity was associated with hospitalisation (aHR 3.46, 95% CI 2.50 to 4.80), in addition to age, whereas socioeconomic status and country of origin did not predict hospitalisation among those infected.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors, country of origin and area of living were associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, these factors did not predict hospitalisation among those infected. Chronic comorbidity was associated with higher risk of admission but slightly lower overall risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of a community-based performance arts programme for people who have experienced stroke in the UK: protocol for the SHAPER-Stroke Odysseys study
Authors: Estevao Carolina , Baldellou Lopez Maria , Davis Rachel E , Jarret Lucinda , Soukup Tayana , Bakolis Ioannis , Healey Andy , Harrington Jean , Woods Anthony , Crane Nikki , Jones Fiona , Pariante Carmine , Fancourt Daisy , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionStroke survivors, once in the community, face challenges with their long-term rehabilitation care and present higher levels of loneliness, depression and anxiety than the rest of the population. A community-based performance arts programme, Stroke Odysseys (SO), has been devised to tackle the challenges of living with stroke in the UK. In this study, we aim to evaluate the implementation, impact and experiences of SO for stroke survivors.Methods and analysisScaling-up Health Arts Programmes: Implementation and Effectiveness Research (SHAPER)-SO aims to scale-up SO to 75 participants and 47 stakeholders, while simultaneously evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of the programme. The main research aim is to evaluate the implementation, effectiveness, impact and experiences of a community-based performance arts programme (SO for stroke survivors). This mixed-methods study will evaluate the experience and impact of SO on those participating using mixed methods (interviews, observations and surveys) before and after each stage and carry out non-participant observations during a percentage of the workshops, training and tour. Data will be analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. This is a study within the SHAPER programme.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the King’s College London PNM Research Ethics Panel, REC reference: LRS/DP-20/21–21549. Written informed consent will be sought for participants and stakeholders. The results of the study will be reported and disseminated at international conferences and in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT04864470.
Coupling matter and curvature in Weyl geometry: conformally invariant $$f\left( R,L_m\right) $$ gravity
Authors: Harko Tiberiu , Shahidi Shahab 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the coupling of matter to geometry in conformal quadratic Weyl gravity, by assuming a coupling term of the form $$L_m{\tilde{R}}^2$$

L
m

R
~

2

, where $$L_m$$

L
m

is the ordinary matter Lagrangian, and $${\tilde{R}}$$

R
~

is the Weyl scalar. The coupling explicitly satisfies the conformal invariance of the theory. By expressing $${\tilde{R}}^2$$

R
~

2

with the help of an auxiliary scalar field and of the Weyl scalar, the gravitational action can be linearized, leading in the Riemann space to a conformally invariant $$f\left( R,L_m\right) $$

f

R
,

L
m

type theory, with the matter Lagrangian nonminimally coupled to the Ricci scalar. We obtain the gravitational field equations of the theory, as well as the energy–momentum balance equations. The divergence of the matter energy–momentum tensor does not vanish, and an extra force, depending on the Weyl vector, and matter Lagrangian is generated. The thermodynamic interpretation of the theory is also discussed. The generalized Poisson equation is derived, and the Newtonian limit of the equations of motion is considered in detail. The perihelion precession of a planet in the presence of an extra force is also considered, and constraints on the magnitude of the Weyl vector in the Solar System are obtained from the observational data of Mercury. The cosmological implications of the theory are also considered for the case of a flat, homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker geometry, and it is shown that the model can give a good description of the observational data for the Hubble function up to a redshift of the order of $$z\approx 3$$

z
≈
3

.
$$\hbox {AdS}_3$$ holography for non-BPS geometries
Authors: Ganchev Bogdan , Giusto Stefano , Houppe Anthony , Russo Rodolfo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBy using the approach introduced in Ganchev et al. (Q-Balls Meet Fuzzballs: Non-BPS Microstate Geometries. arXiv:2107.09677 [hep-th]) we construct non-BPS solutions of 6D (1, 0) supergravity coupled to two tensor multiplets as a perturbation of $$\hbox {AdS}_3\times S^3$$

AdS
3

×

S
3

. These solutions are both regular and asymptotically $$\hbox {AdS}_3\times S^3$$

AdS
3

×

S
3

, so according to the standard holographic framework they must have a dual CFT interpretation as non-supersymmetric heavy operators of the D1–D5 CFT. We provide quantitative evidence that such heavy CFT operators are bound states of a large number of light BPS operators that are mutually non-BPS.
Temozolomide and Radiotherapy versus Radiotherapy Alone in Patients with Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype: Post Hoc Analysis of the EORTC Randomized Phase III CATNON Trial
Authors: Tesileanu C. Mircea S. , Sanson Marc , Wick Wolfgang , Brandes Alba A. , Clement Paul M. , Erridge Sara C. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Nowak Anna K. , Baurain Jean-Francois , Mason Warren P. , Wheeler Helen , Chinot Olivier L. , Gill Sanjeev , Griffin Matthew , Rogers Leland , Taal Walter , Rudà Roberta , Weller Michael , McBain Catherine , van Linde Myra E. , Aldape Kenneth , Jenkins Robert B. , Kros Johan M. , Wesseling Pieter , von Deimling Andreas , Hoogstrate Youri , de Heer Iris , Atmodimedjo Peggy N. , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Brouwer Rutger W.W. , van IJcken Wilfred F.J. , Cheung Kin Jip , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Baumert Brigitta G. , Gorlia Thierry , French Pim J. , van den Bent Martin J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
In a post hoc analysis of the CATNON trial (NCT00626990), we explored whether adding temozolomide to radiotherapy improves outcome in patients with IDH1/2 wildtype (wt) anaplastic astrocytomas with molecular features of glioblastoma [redesignated as glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase–wildtype (IDH-wt) in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors].

Patients and Methods:
From the randomized phase III CATNON study examining the addition of adjuvant and concurrent temozolomide to radiotherapy in anaplastic astrocytomas, we selected a subgroup of IDH1/2wt and H3F3Awt tumors with presence of TERT promoter mutations and/or EGFR amplifications and/or combined gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10. Molecular abnormalities including MGMT promoter methylation status were determined by next-generation sequencing, DNA methylation profiling, and SNaPshot analysis.

Results:
Of the 751 patients entered in the CATNON study, 670 had fully molecularly characterized tumors. A total of 159 of these tumors met the WHO 2021 molecular criteria for glioblastoma, IDH-wt. Of these patients, 47 received radiotherapy only and 112 received a combination of radiotherapy and temozolomide. There was no added effect of temozolomide on either overall survival [HR, 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82–1.71] or progression-free survival (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.61–1.24). MGMT promoter methylation was prognostic for overall survival, but was not predictive for outcome to temozolomide treatment either with respect to overall survival or progression-free survival.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of patients with glioblastoma, IDH-wt temozolomide treatment did not add benefit beyond that observed from radiotherapy, regardless of MGMT promoter status. These findings require a new well-powered prospective clinical study to explore the efficacy of temozolomide treatment in this patient population.
Unlocking the Mysteries of Lobular Breast Cancer Biology Needs the Right Combination of Preclinical Models
Authors: Bahnassy Shaymaa , Sikora Matthew J. , Riggins Rebecca B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preclinical model systems are essential research tools that help us understand the biology of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC). The number of well-established ILC models is increasing but remain limited. Lower incidence of ILC, underrepresentation of patients with ILC in clinical trials, and intrinsic ILC tumor characteristics all contribute to this challenge. Hence, there is significant need to continually develop better model systems to recapitulate the essential characteristics of ILC biology, genetics, and histology, and empower preclinical therapeutic studies to be translated back into the clinic. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in in vivo experimental models, which recapitulate key features of ILC biology and disease progression and potentially reshape the future of ILC translational research. We assert that all existing in vitro and in vivo ILC preclinical models have their strengths and weaknesses, and that it is necessary to bridge key deficiencies in each model context as we move forward with ILC research. Thus, unlocking the mysteries of ILC will be best achieved by choosing the right combination of preclinical model systems.
Circadian activity patterns and temporal overlap among cracids (Aves: Cracidae) within a vegetation mosaic in the Pantanal of Rio Negro, Brazil
Authors: Santos Mauro Celso Rodrigues dos , Silveira Leandro , Jácomo Anah Tereza de Almeida , Alves Giselle Bastos , Ubaid Flávio Kulaif 
Published: March 2022

Vertebrates, overall, present a daily activity pattern when managing their needs, such as foraging, resting or searching for sexual partners. Most of the available information regarding the circadian rhythm in birds comes from controlled laboratory conditions, and little is known about these patterns in the wild. In this study we used camera traps to describe the daily activity patterns of three cracid species in the Pantanal of Rio Negro, Brazil. We had a sampling effort of 9,617 camera trap-days along 231 days (5,544 hours) from September 2013 to May 2014. This resulted in 4,833 independent records of cracids from a total of 7,713 individuals. Crax fasciolata was the species with the most records (nrec = 3,792) and individuals (nind = 5,781), followed by Ortalis canicollis (nrec = 934; nind = 1,758) and Aburria grayi (nrec = 107; nind = 174). None of the species was uniformly distributed throughout the day, thus evidencing a periodization of their activities. The mean vectors of the activity patterns of C. fasciolata, O. canicollis and A. grayi were, respectively, mμ = 10:36 ± 04:26 (SD), mμ = 11:42 ± 03:57 and mμ = 11:44 ± 03:47. We observed a temporal overlap between A. grayi and O. canicollis, whereas C. fasciolata significantly differed from them. Because of their large home ranges, cracids are important indicators of environmental quality, and, as frugivores, they play key roles in the ecological dynamics of forests. In this sense, and given that cracids are notably more susceptible to extinction, the knowledge on their circadian activity patterns may be useful when establishing effective management and conservation strategies.
Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Vinicius de Carvalho , Esteves Katharina Eichbaum 
Published: March 2022

Ecological and life history traits have been used to understand the basic ecology of fishes. This study aimed to examine the existence of plasticity in life history traits of populations of Hollandichthys multifasciatus in ten blackwater streams. This is an inseminating Characidae, endemic to the Atlantic coastal drainages of Brazil. Different aspects of the life-history of the species, such as mean length, sex ratio, absolute and relative fecundity, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, length-weight relationship and the growth parameter (b) of 185 specimens were studied during the period of low precipitation (June-September). Fish samples were obtained along a 100 m stretch of each stream, and some habitat variables recorded. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated a similarity in most of the analyzed traits, with exception of the mean length of immatures, Gonadosomatic Index of mature males and condition factor of immatures and mature adults. Also, slope tests of the length-weight relationship were significantly different for immatures. The observed differences were attributed to heterogeneity in food availability and/or other site-specific factors, which may influence growth and/or breeding aspects among the studied localities. The approach used herein may improve understanding of trait plasticity under natural conditions, helping to understand fish-community responses to anthropogenic changes.
Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in the Medicare Million Hearts Risk Reduction Model: Insights From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry PINNACLE Registry
Authors: Borden William B. , Wang Jingyan , Jones Philip , Tang Yuanyuan , Contreras Johanna , Daugherty Stacie L. , Desai Nihar R. , Virani Salim S. , Wasfy Jason H. , Maddox Thomas M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The Million Hearts Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Model provides financial incentives for practices to lower 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk for high-risk (ASCVD ≥30%) Medicare patients. To estimate average practice-level ASCVD risk reduction, we applied optimal trial outcomes to a real-world population with high ASCVD risk.

Methods:
This study uses observational registry data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence Registry from January 2013 to June 2016. We modeled ASCVD risk reductions using historical clinical trial data (reducing cholesterol by 26.5%, reducing systolic blood pressure by 10.9%, reducing smoking rates by 21.8%) the average reduction in ASCVD risk associated with individual and combined risk factor modifications, and then percentage of practices achieving the various incentive thresholds for the Million Hearts Model.

Results:
The final study population included 135 166 patients, with 16 248 (12.0%) with 10-year ASCVD risk of ≥30%, but without existing ASCVD. The mean 10-year ASCVD risk was 41.9% (±1 SD of 11.6). Using risk factor reductions from clinical trials, lowering cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking rates reduced 10-year ASCVD risk by 3.3% (±3.1), 6.3% (±1.1) and 0.5% (±1.3), respectively. Combining all 3 reductions resulted in a 9.7% (±3.6) reduction, with 67 (27.0%) of practices achieving a patient-level average 10-year ASCVD risk reduction of ≥10%, 181 (73.0%) achieving a 2 to 10% reduction, and no practice achieving <2% reduction.

Conclusions:
In cardiology practices, about 1 out of 8 patients have a 10-year ASCVD risk ≥30% and qualify as high risk in the Million Hearts Model. If practices target the three main modifiable risk factors and achieve reductions similar to clinical trial results, ASCVD risk could be substantially lowered and all practices could receive incentive payments. These findings support the potential benefit of the Million Hearts Model and provide guidance to participating practices.
Trends in Arterial Access Site Selection and Bleeding Outcomes Following Coronary Procedures, 2011–2018
Authors: Doll Jacob A. , Beaver Kristine , Naranjo Diana , Waldo Stephen W. , Maynard Charles , Helfrich Christian D. , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Prior studies of radial access for cardiac catheterization have focused on early adopters of the technique, and some have described a risk/treatment paradox of low radial access use among high bleeding risk patients. This study aimed to determine (1) trends in radial access use over time, (2) if increasing use of radial access is driven by new invasive and interventional cardiologists (operators) or existing operators changing their practice, and (3) if increasing radial rates are associated with lower bleeding rates and elimination of the risk/treatment paradox.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study using data from the Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking Program, we calculated radial access rates and risk-adjusted postprocedural bleeding rates of patients undergoing diagnostic angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2011 and 2018 in Veterans Affairs hospitals. We used separate bleeding risk models for diagnostic angiography and PCI and assessed temporal trends with the Kendall Tau-b test.

Results:

Among 253 179 diagnostic angiograms and 93 614 PCIs, radial access rates increased over time for both diagnostic (17.5%–60.4%;
P
<0.01)) and PCI procedures (14.0%–51.8%;
P
<0.01). Existing operators and new operators increased their use at similar rates, but new operators entered practice with higher baseline rates. Nearly all operators used radial access at least once in 2018. Overall adjusted rates of bleeding declined, a trend that was significant for diagnostic angiography (2.4%–1.4%,
P
=0.02) but not PCI (3.4%–2.5%,
P
=0.20). Femoral access patients had a higher predicted risk for bleeding.

Conclusions:
A steady rise in radial access for diagnostic angiography and PCI was driven by increasing use among existing operators and high use by new operators. While this was associated with decreasing bleeding rates, a risk/treatment paradox for access site selection persists; patients at higher bleeding risk were still more likely to receive femoral access.
Emerging Viral Infections, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yan Lily D. , Matuja Sarah S. , Pain Kevin J. , McNairy Margaret L. , Etyang Anthony O. , Peck Robert N. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest age-adjusted burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SSA also experiences many viral infections due to unique environmental and societal factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine evidence around how hypertension, CVD, and emerging viral infections interact in SSA.

Methods:
In September 2021, we conducted a search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus, limited to English language studies published since 1990, and found a total of 1169 articles. Forty-seven original studies were included, with 32 on COVID-19 and 15 on other emerging viruses.

Results:
Seven articles, including those with the largest sample size and most robust study design, found an association between preexisting hypertension or CVD and COVID-19 severity or death. Ten smaller studies found no association, and 17 did not calculate statistics to compare groups. Two studies assessed the impact of COVID-19 on incident CVD, with one finding an increase in stroke admissions. For other emerging viruses, 3 studies did not find an association between preexisting hypertension or CVD on West Nile and Lassa fever mortality. Twelve studies examined other emerging viral infections and incident CVD, with 4 finding no association and 8 not calculating statistics.

Conclusions:
Growing evidence from COVID-19 suggests viruses, hypertension, and CVD interact on multiple levels in SSA, but research gaps remain especially for other emerging viral infections. SSA can and must play a leading role in the study and control of emerging viral infections, with expansion of research and public health infrastructure to address these interactions.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dicpinigaitis Alis J. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Pisapia Jared , Muh Carrie R. , Cooper Jared B. , Tobias Michael , Mohan Avinash , Nuoman Rolla , Overby Philip , Santarelli Justin , Hanft Simon , Bowers Christian , Yaghi Shadi , Mayer Stephan A. , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Evidence regarding the utilization and outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for pediatric ischemic stroke is limited, and justification for its use is largely based on extrapolation from clinical benefits observed in adults.

Methods:
Weighted discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample were queried to identify pediatric patients with ischemic stroke (<18 years old) during the period of 2010 to 2019. Complex samples statistical methods were used to characterize the profiles and clinical outcomes of EVT-treated patients. Propensity adjustment was performed to address confounding by indication for EVT based on disparities in baseline characteristics between EVT-treated patients and those medically managed.

Results:

Among 7365 pediatric patients with ischemic stroke identified, 190 (2.6%) were treated with EVT. Utilization significantly increased in the post-EVT clinical trial era (2016–2019; 1.7% versus 4.0%;
P
<0.001), while the use of decompressive hemicraniectomy decreased (2.8% versus 0.7%;
P
<0.001). On unadjusted analysis, 105 (55.3%) EVT-treated patients achieved favorable functional outcomes at discharge (home or to acute rehabilitation), while no periprocedural iatrogenic complications or instances of contrast-induced kidney injury were reported. Following propensity adjustment, EVT-treated patients demonstrated higher absolute but nonsignificant rates of favorable functional outcomes in comparison with medically managed patients (55.3% versus 52.8%;
P
=0.830; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.51–2.03];
P
=0.972 for unfavorable outcome). Among patients with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >11 (75th percentile of scores in cohort), EVT-treated patients trended toward higher rates of favorable functional outcomes compared with those treated medically only (71.4% versus 55.6%;
P
=0.146). In a subcohort assessment of EVT-treated patients, those administered preceding thrombolytic therapy (n=79, 41.6%) trended toward higher rates of favorable functional outcomes (63.3% versus 49.5%;
P
=0.060).

Conclusions:
This cross-sectional evaluation of the clinical course and short-term outcomes of pediatric patients with ischemic stroke treated with EVT demonstrates that EVT is likely a safe modality which confers high rates of favorable functional outcomes.