bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of rice-husk biochar on soil microbial biomass and agronomic performances of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Adebajo Seun Owolabi , Oluwatobi Folasade , Akintokun Pius Olugbenga , Ojo Abidemi Esther , Akintokun Aderonke Kofoworola , Gbodope Ige Samuel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTomato is beneficial to human health because it contains valuable vitamins such as vitamins A, C and several minerals. However, to meet up with the demands of the ever increasing population, there is need to improve tomato production. This research, thus, investigated the impact of rice-husk biochar on the agronomic performances of tomato plant and microbial biomass of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in different tomato growth stages. The rice husk biochar pyrolyzed at 350 °C was amended with soil at four different application rates: 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t/ha. Physicochemical property of soil was conducted using Mid Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy method. Impact of biochar on Microbial Biomass Carbon, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Phosphorous was conducted using fumigation extraction method and monitored at three functional stages. Biochar application appreciably increase the soil physicochemical properties such as pH, Ca, Na, H+, S, P, B, C, Zn and cation exchangeable capacity in comparison with the control. Biochar amended soil significantly enhanced tomato height, stem girth, leaf area, flowers, fruit yields and weight. Although, B3 recorded the lowest leaf area, it possessed the highest number of fruits and fruit weight of 3 and 40%, respectively. The ratio of Microbial biomass C:N:P for biochar amended soil at 7.5 t/ha (B3) was 302.30:18.81:11.75 µg/g, compared to control, which was 242.12:18.30:11.49 µg/g. This study revealed that biochar amendments significantly (p < 0.05) increased the yields and microbial biomass of tomato plants. Conclusively, the application of rice-husk biochar (7.5 t/ha) to soil is considered as a suitable approach to improve tomato growth and yield.
Influence of misorientation angle and local dislocation density on β-phase distribution in Al 5xxx alloys
Authors: Desai Choundraj Jahnavi , Kacher Josh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAl–Mg alloys undergo sensitization when exposed to elevated temperatures, making them susceptible to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Most of the existing research on microstructure effects on sensitization is centered on the effect of intrinsic grain boundary characteristics such as misorientation angle and coincident site lattice (CSL) values. Very few studies have systematically investigated the influence of extrinsic characteristics such as dislocation density. In this paper, the influence of local microstructure characteristics on the sensitization susceptibility of AA5456 was investigated using in situ optical microscopy corrosion experiments and electron back scattering diffraction analysis. The results show a clear trend between the local geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density and β phase precipitation, with higher GND densities correlating with higher rates sensitized boundaries. This trend held true even for low angle grain boundaries. These results demonstrate the importance of considering factors beyond grain boundary characteristics in determining susceptibility to sensitization.
Four-wave-cooling to the single phonon level in Kerr optomechanics
Authors: Bothner Daniel , Rodrigues Ines C. , Steele Gary A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCavity optomechanics has achieved groundbreaking control and detection of mechanical oscillators, based on their coupling to linear electromagnetic modes. Recently, however, there is increasing interest in cavity nonlinearities as resource in radiation-pressure interacting systems. Here, we present a flux-mediated optomechanical device combining a nonlinear superconducting quantum interference cavity with a mechanical nanobeam. We demonstrate how the Kerr nonlinearity of the circuit can be used to enhance the device performance by suppressing cavity frequency noise, and for a counter-intuitive sideband-cooling scheme based on intracavity four-wave-mixing. With a large single-photon coupling rate of up to g0 = 2π ⋅ 3.6 kHz and a high mechanical quality factor Qm ≈ 4 ⋅ 105, we achieve an effective four-wave cooperativity of $${{{{{{{{\mathcal{C}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{fw}}}}}}}}}\, > \, 100$$

C

fw

>

100
and demonstrate four-wave cooling of the mechanical oscillator close to its quantum groundstate. Our results advance the recently developed platform of flux-mediated optomechanics and demonstrate how cavity Kerr nonlinearities can be utilized in cavity optomechanics.
Feed microbiome: confounding factor affecting fish gut microbiome studies
Authors: Karlsen Christian , Tzimorotas Dimitrios , Robertsen Espen Mikal , Kirste Katrine Hånes , Bogevik André Sture , Rud Ida 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the impact of feed on the fish gut microbiome. Most of the studies are based on sequencing the bacterial housekeeping gene 16S rRNA from extracted total DNA, including resident and non-resident live bacteria as well as dead bacteria. It has not been a common practice to include the feed as control, although it contains various nutritious ingredients that microorganisms can use before or after feed preparation. Thus, study designs using digesta as a proxy for the intestinal microbiome raise the concern that composition of the gut microbiome might be biased by carry-over of microbial DNA from the feed itself. Here we report analysis of 15 feeds and representative intestinal digesta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from five independent case studies. This allowed us to identify “feed microbiomes” that were microbially diverse and shared taxa with digesta microbiomes. Digesta-specific microbiomes were identified, though they were mainly enriched by a few taxa, such as Mycoplasma and Ruminococcaceae. Overall, findings are consistent with a model wherein gut microbial profiles are to a different degree influenced by bacterial DNA present in the feed itself through a “feed microbiome” carry-over effect.
Dual enhancement of carrier generation and migration on Au/g-C3N4photocatalysts for highly-efficient broadband PET-RAFT polymerization
Authors: Li Mengya , Zhang Junle , He Yanjie , Zhang Xiaomeng , Cui Zhe , Fu Peng , Liu Minying , Shi Ge , Qiao Xiaoguang , Pang Xinchang 
Published: February 2022

Broadband photoinduced electron/energy transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT) polymerization was achieved by Au/g-C3N4 complex photocatalysts.
Service restoration framework for distribution networks incorporating switching crew routing
Authors: Hajizadeh Hamid , Davarpanah Mahdi , Abedini Moein 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, an optimization framework is proposed for the service restoration (SR) problem in distribution networks based on mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP). The objective function is to minimize (i) curtailed loads, (ii) the number of switching operations, (iii) crew dispatching cost, and (iv) operational cost. A novel approach is developed for the optimal switching crew routing (SCR) to perform the manual switching operations in a short time. Self‐healing actions including (i) network reconfiguration, (ii) load shedding, (iii) adjusting the output power of the dispatchable distributed generations (DGs), and (iv) the optimal tap setting of the voltage regulation devices are adopted in the SR strategy. Both the voltage dependency and the uncertainty nature of loads are modelled. Besides, the switch failure scenario is considered in the proposed model to deal with real operating conditions. Hence, the developed optimization framework offers the most robust SR solution. The simulation studies are performed on an actual 87‐bus system in MATLAB/Yalmip environment by adopting Gurobi solver. The obtained results verify that the proposed model enhances quality of the solution in terms of SR process time compared to the other existing models.
A four‐step control for IGBT switching improvement using an active voltage gate driver
Authors: Li Chen , Tan Kun , Ji Bing , Wang Zhiqiang , Ding Shuai , Lefley Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGate drivers form an essential interface between the high power transistors and low voltage control circuits in power converters to govern the transistor switching operations and maintain other ancillary functions. A sophisticated gate driver with a segmented drive booster allows optimized trajectories to be staged out during switching transitions, which provides an extended degree of control freedom at the device level. This helps to improve the trade‐offs between multifaceted parameters such as switching losses, overshoots, ringing, and electromagnetic interference, parasitic turn‐on fault, etc. In this paper, a digitalized active gate driver with segmented voltage control is designed and experimentally verified, which is capable of shaping the dynamic switching waveforms of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) using a four‐step gate control method. Compared to the traditional constant voltage gate driver method and the three‐step segmented method, the proposed four‐step AVGD control demonstrates reductions of the IGBT turn‐on current overshoot and suppressions of the voltage overshoot on the complementary freewheeling diode without sacrificing its turn‐on switching losses.
Forging C–C Bonds through Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling of Organoborates – An Overview
Authors: Didier Dorian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractC–C bond formation has challenged the community of synthetic organic chemists for decades. Organoboron derivatives represent a mild and functional-group-tolerant class of reagents that can be handled without the need for inert conditions, making them suitable scaffolds for the development of methods that increase the sustainability of current processes for coupling reactions. This short review summarizes the different approaches that have been developed to enable C–C bond formation through intramolecular rearrangements of organoborate species.1	Introduction2	Oxidative Coupling with Chemical Oxidants3	Electrocoupling of Tetraorganoborates4	Photocoupling of Tetraorganoborates
Dual Role of the Arylating Agent in a Highly C(2)-Selective Pd-Catalysed Functionalisation of Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Petkovic Milos , Savic Vladimir , Jovanovic Milos , Jovanovic Predrag , Simic Milena , Tasic Gordana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPyrrole derivatives with C(2)-aryl substituents are an important and widespread class of heterocyclic compounds. Their synthesis can be accomplished using several strategic variants which usually entail either protection of the N–H functionality followed by the arylation, or a direct arylation. Although direct arylation is a preferable process due to a reduced number of synthetic steps, it often requires vigorous conditions or challenging reagents. To this synthetic repertoire, we add a novel method that is based on the dual role of the arylating agent. It serves as the nitrogen protecting group while also being involved in the arylation step. Deprotection as a final stage is carried out simultaneously utilising amines as reacting components. This approach ensures relatively mild conditions and exclusive C(2) selectivity yielding 2-arylpyrroles with the amide functionality. While aromatic amines are not suitable partners under studied conditions, most likely due to lower nucleophilicity, aliphatic amines, either primary or secondary, afford products in good yields.
Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds through a Ligand-Controlled Strategy
Authors: So Chau Ming , Yuen On Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPalladium-catalyzed direct arylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is an efficient and attractive strategy to access arylated α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds through the construction of carbon–carbon bonds. This reaction has several challenges, especially in terms of the control of regioselectivity between α- and γ-arylation and the selectivity for monoarylation and multiple arylation. Herein, we discuss the recent development of γ-arylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and present the ligand-controlled, site-selective α- and γ-arylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl ketones with (hetero)aryl halides. The site selectivity of the reaction is switchable by simply changing the phosphine ligand.1	Introduction2	Reaction Development and Mechanistic Investigation3	Conclusion and Outlook
Neurological Patients during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Salles Débora , Santino Samara Ferreira , Malinverni Andréa Cristina de Moraes , Stávale João Norberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), measures of social isolation were necessary, and this resulted in the interruption of several treatments. Regarding neuro-oncological patients, especially those with central nervous system (CNS) disorders, this interruption can cause serious damage or even compromise the success of the treatment in the future. It is essential that each case be evaluated separately to decide how to continue treatment during the pandemic, always considering the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the benefits that the treatment will bring. The policy of not prescribing potentially toxic drugs, chemotherapy, and immunosuppressive therapies, as well as the use of techniques like stereotactic biopsy and telemedicine are important strategies at this time.
Using Duplex Ultrasound for Recipient Vessel Selection
Authors: Hong Joon Pio , Kim Hyung Bae , Park Changsik John , Suh Hyunsuk Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Among the many factors involved in reconstructive microsurgery, identifying a good recipient vessel is one of the key elements leading to a successful result.
Methods Multiple modalities have been used to identify recipient vessels from simple palpation of axial arteries to hand-held Doppler, duplex ultrasound, computed tomography angiograms, and other advanced techniques. Although these various modalities bring their own unique advantages, using the duplex ultrasound can provide far superior and real-time information based on the anatomy and physiology of the recipient vessel.
Results Duplex ultrasound is a valuable and powerful tool for reconstructive surgeons who are interested in performing microsurgery or supermicrosurgery.
Conclusion As we enter the era of individualized/customized reconstruction using superthin flaps, perforator-to-perforator anastomosis, and supermicrosurgery, understanding and becoming versatile with duplex ultrasound will be critical especially in choosing recipient vessels.
Outcomes in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block after Rapid Deployment Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Schlömicher Markus , Useini Dritan , Haldenwang Peter Lukas , Naraghi Hamid , Moustafine Vadim , Bechtel Matthias , Strauch Justus Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives Increased rates of postoperative left bundle branch block (LBBB) and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) frequently occur after implantation of rapid deployment valves. The impact of LBBB on follow-up outcomes remains controversial. So far, no data regarding long-term outcomes exist.
Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of LBBB on postoperative outcomes after rapid deployment aortic valve replacement (RDAVR).
Methods A total of 620 consecutive patients without preexisting LBBB or PPI who underwent rapid deployment AVR between March 2012 and September 2019 were included. New-onset LBBB was defined as any new LBBB that persisted at hospital discharge. The median follow-up time for clinical data was 1.7 years post-RDAVR.
Results At discharge, new-onset LBBB was seen in 109 patients (17.5%). There were no differences between the LBBB groups and no-LBBB groups regarding baseline characteristics. At a median follow-up of 1.7 years, no difference was found between LBBB groups and no-LBBB groups concerning all-cause mortality (12.8 vs. 11.7%; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–1.53; p = 0.54). Nevertheless, new-onset LBBB was associated with significant higher pacemaker implantation rates at follow-up (10.1 vs. 6.3%; HR: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.89–6.81 p < 0.001).
Conclusion After a median follow-up of 1.7 years, new-onset LBBB was not associated with increased mortality. Nevertheless, higher pacemaker implantation rates were observed in patients with new-onset LBBB after RDAVR.
A large octupole magnetic trap for research with atomic hydrogen
Authors: Ahokas J. , Semakin A. , Järvinen J. , Hanski O. , Laptiyenko A. , Dvornichenko V. , Salonen K. , Burkley Z. , Crivelli P. , Golovizin A. , Nesvizhevsky V. , Nez F. , Yzombard P. , Widmann E. , Vasiliev S. 
Published: February 2022

We describe the design and performance of a large magnetic trap for storage and cooling of atomic hydrogen (H). The trap operates in the vacuum space of a dilution refrigerator at a temperature of 1.5 K. Aiming at a large volume of the trap, we implemented the octupole configuration of linear currents (Ioffe bars) for the radial confinement, combined with two axial pinch coils and a 3 T solenoid for the cryogenic H dissociator. The octupole magnet consists of eight race-track segments, which are compressed toward each other with magnetic forces. This provides a mechanically stable and robust construction with a possibility of replacement or repair of each segment. A maximum trap depth of 0.54 K (0.8 T) was reached, corresponding to an effective volume of 0.5 l for hydrogen gas at 50 mK. This is an order of magnitude larger than ever used for trapping atoms.
Design of power supply system for the NanChang Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Hou Ming , Qian Y. Z. , Liu S. Q. , Yang X. S. , Chen X. C. 
Published: February 2022

The NanChang Spherical Tokamak (NCST), a new compact (plasma major radius R = 0.40 m, minor radius a = 0.24 m, and aspect ratio A = 1.67) spherical tokamak, is suitable for teaching and scientific research activities at the university. The principal goal of the device is to initiate plasma currents by utilizing merging compression. At present, the NCST has a total of five complete coil systems, including the coils and their dedicated power supplies, to generate and control the plasma as per the experimental objectives. This paper presents the NCST device and its coils, the design of the power supplies, and the simulation results of plasma configurations as well as the comparison of experimental and simulation results of the above-mentioned power supply system.
Biexciton and trion dynamics in InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Sun Haochen , Cavanaugh Paul , Jen-La Plante Ilan , Ippen Christian , Bautista Maria , Ma Ruiqing , Kelley David F. 
Published: February 2022

Transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies have been used to elucidate the hole tunneling and Auger dynamics in biexcitons and negative trions in high-quality InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). In a previous paper [Nguyen et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 15405–15414 (2021)], we showed that under high-intensity photoexcitation, two types of biexcitons are formed: those having two conduction band electrons and two valence band holes (designated as an XX state) and those having two conduction band electrons, one valence band hole, and an additional trapped hole (designated as an XT state). In the present paper, we show that both types of biexcitons can undergo Auger processes, with those of the XT state being a factor of four to five slower than those of the XX state. In addition, the trapped holes can undergo tunneling into the valence band, converting an XT state to an XX state. The relative amplitudes of the fast (XX) and slow (XT) components are different in the TA and PL kinetics, and these differences can be quantitatively understood in terms of oscillator strengths and electron–hole overlap integrals of each state. XT to XX hole tunneling rates are obtained from the comparison of the XT state lifetimes with those of the negative trions. This comparison shows that the tunneling times decrease with decreasing core size and shell thickness. These times are about 2 ns for the thinnest shell red-emitting QDs and decrease to 330 ps for QDs that luminesce in the yellow.
Tracing the cis-regulatory changes underlying the endometrial control of placental invasion
Authors: Suhail Yasir , Maziarz Jamie D. , Novin Ashkan , Dighe Anasuya , Afzal Junaid , Wagner Gunter , Kshitiz  
Published: February 2022

Significance
Cellular invasion into adjacent tissue is observed in pregnancy, where the fetal placenta invades the mother’s endometrium, and in cancer, where tumor dissemination into stroma is a necessary step before metastasis. The behavior of the surrounding tissue, and its role in either facilitating or resisting this invasion, has not been as deeply studied as the role of the invading cells. The degree of placental invasion into the endometrium varies significantly between different eutherian mammals. Having previously shown that the endometrium of different mammals is significantly responsible for these differences, we identify cis-regulatory elements underlying these differences and show the functional effect of the corresponding transcriptional factors in regulating invasion.
Effects of exercise intensity on gut microbiome composition and function in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Torquati L. , Gajanand T. , Cox E. R. , Willis C. R. G. , Zaugg J. , Keating S. E. , Coombes J. S. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTExercise is positively associated with higher microbial diversity, but there is limited information on exercise intensity's effect on gut microbiome composition and function in clinical populations. This study examines whether different intensities of exercise exert differential effects on gut microbiome composition and function in low active people with type 2 diabetes. This is a sub‐study of the Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes Study, a single centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. Participants (n = 12) completed 8‐weeks of combined aerobic and resistance moderate intensity continuous training (C‐MICT) or combined aerobic and resistance high‐intensity interval training (C‐HIIT). Faecal samples were collected before and after intervention to measure gut microbiome composition and metabolic pathways (metagenome shotgun sequencing) and short‐chain fatty acids. Post‐exercise α‐diversity was different between groups as was the relative abundance of specific taxa was (p < .05). Post‐exercise relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, A. municiphila, and butyrate‐producers Lachnospira eligens, Enterococcus spp., and Clostridium Cluster IV were higher at lower exercise intensity. Other butyrate‐producers (from Eryspelothrichales and Oscillospirales), and methane producer Methanobrevibacter smithii were higher at higher exercise intensity. Pyruvate metabolism (ko00620),COG “Cell wall membrane envelope biogenesis” and “Unknown function” pathways were significantly different between groups and higher in C‐MICT post‐exercise. Differential abundance analysis on KO showed higher expression of Two‐component system in C‐HIIT. Transcription factors and “unknown metabolism” related pathways decreased in both groups. There were no significant between group changes in faecal short chain fatty acids. Exercise intensity had a distinct effect on gut microbiome abundance and metabolic function, without impacting short‐chain fatty acid output.Highlights
Evidence of exercise effect on gut microbiome outcomes is limited to healthy and athletic populations
In low active people with type 2 diabetes, different exercise intensities increased specific health promoting and butyrate producers species, and showed differentially abundant gut microbiome metabolic pathways.
Further investigation is warranted, and if this supports the present findings, then specific exercise intensities may be promoted to target specific species and optimise gut health.