bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Corneal Neurotization Using Sural Nerve Graft in Neurotrophic Keratopathy
Authors: Saini Manu , Kalia Aman , Jain Arun , Gaba Sunil , Malhotra Chintan , Gupta Amit , Soni Tanvi , Gupta Parul Chawla , Singh Manpreet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of corneal neurotization using sural nerve graft coaptation to the contralateral supratrochlear nerve in unilateral neurotrophic keratopathy and corneal anaesthesia
Methods
A Prospective interventional study involving unilateral neurotrophic keratopathy, not responding to the medical measures was conducted. A few variations in corneal neurotization were attempted to expedient the surgical procedure. The study parameters evaluated were best corrected visual acuity improvement, ocular surface evaluation parameters [Tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s 1, and ocular surface staining scores (corneal and conjunctival staining)], central corneal sensation (Cochet Bonnet aesthesiometer), sub-basal nerve fibre length (SBNFL) and sub-basal nerve fibre density (SBNFD) determined by central confocal microscopy at recruitment and during follow-up at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month respectively following corneal neurotization procedure.
Results
Eleven eyes of 11 patients with unilateral neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) who underwent corneal neurotization were studied. Mean follow-up was 10.09 ± 2.31months (range, 6–12). Mean best corrected visual acuity at baseline, 1.35 ± 0.52 improved significantly to 1.06 ± 0.76 (P = 0.012) at 3 months and continued to 0.55 ± 0.60 (P = 0.027) at 12 months. There was a significant reduction in NK grade severity and improvement in ocular surface, as early as 1 month, and central corneal sensations (P = 0.024) as soon as 3 months. Mean corneal SBNF improved from 3.12 ± 1.84mm/mm2 to 4.49 ± 1.88 at 1-month (P = 0.008), 13.31 ± 3.61mm/mm2 (P = 0.028) at 12 months. Mean central corneal SBNFD evident at 6-months 1.83 ± 2.54no/mm2 (P = 0.018) and 4.90 ± 3.12no/mm2 (P = 0.028) at 12-month.
Conclusion
The study substantiates the routine practice of corneal neurotization, by simplifying the intricacies observed during the procedure.
Arterial Stiffness (From Monitoring of QKD Interval) Predict the Occurrence of Cardiovascular Events and Total Mortality
Authors: Gosse Philippe , boulestreau romain , Doublet julien , gaudissard julie , cremer antoine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Arterial stiffness, most often assessed with carotido-femoral pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular events but its use in clinical practice remains limited. The 24h ambulatory monitoring of Blood pressure and timing of Korotkoff sounds (QKD interval) allows an automatic assessment of arterial stiffness and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. The long term follow up of our cohort of hypertensive patients gave us the opportunity to test the consequences of increased arterial stiffness on the incidence of all causes deaths and to define the populations who could benefit of this measurement beyond risk scores. The sample includes 930 patients (502 males, age 53 ± 13 years, baseline risk SCORE2-OP = 6.70 ± 4.97%) with an average follow up of 12.11 ± 7.4 years (0.3–30). In this population 169 cardiovascular events and 155 deaths were recorded. SCORE2-OP, 24h Systolic Blood Pressure and arterial stiffness (QKDh) as a continuous or discontinuous variable (normal or reduced) were significantly and independently linked to the occurrence of cardiovascular events or all cause deaths in multivariate Cox model. ROC curves analysis show that measuring arterial stiffness with QKD method offers the best predictive value in patients with low or very low risk scores.
Three steps down: metabolic depression in winter-acclimatized crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.)
Authors: Haverinen Jaakko , Badr Ahmed , Eskelinen Markus , Vornanen Matti 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Acclimation of ectothermic vertebrates to winter dormancy is associated with reduced energy consumption. In principle, this may be achieved by reducing movement activity, depression of basal cellular functions or by switching from aerobic to anaerobic energy production. To this end, we determined standard (SMR), routine (RMR) and anoxic (AMR) metabolic rates is summer- (SumA) and winter-acclimatized (WinA) crucian carp (Carassius carassius), an anoxia-tolerant teleost fish. RMR was about 40% lower in WinA than SumA fish (p < 0.05), indicating reduced movement in winter. SMR, measured for the first time in crucian carp, was about 45% lower (p < 0.05) in WinA than SumA fish, indicating significant reduction of energy consumption in vital cellular processes. At 2°C, the anoxic metabolic depression, measured from ethanol production, was 78% from the aerobic level at the same temperature. In anoxia-tolerant crucian carp, winter dormancy is achieved in 3 different steps: (1) seasonal anticipation of winter anoxia by reducing SMR, (2) acute Q10 effect appearing as reduced RMR, and (3) direct response to the absence of oxygen (AMR). Furthermore, the anoxic energy production was strongly dependent on body mass with scaling exponents of -0.335 and − 0.421 for WinA and SumA fish, respectively.
Clinical comparison between terminal and interstitial 4q deletion in two unrelated children
Authors: Pappalardo Xena Giada , Lubrano Riccardo , Verrotti Alberto , Parisi Pasquale , Falsaperla Raffaele , Pavone Piero 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background. The term “4q deletion syndrome” is defined to include two different regions: an interstitial sequence deleted from the centromere to 4q31 and a terminal deletion from 4q31 to 4qter.
Objective. To compare clinical similarities and differences between two unrelated children of the same age observed during the same time period by the same Center, one presenting with a 4q interstitial deletion, the other with a terminal 4q deletion. The clinical manifestations were compared.
Cases Presentation. Clinical manifestations observed in two children from the infancy to the age of 7 years included: craniofacial features, pre- and postnatal growth failure, and speech and developmental delay. Case 1 showed a terminal 4q deletion of about 329.6 Kb extending from 164.703.186 to 165.032.803 nt, Case 2 displayed an interstitial 4q deletion 600.3 Kb long spanning from 71.655.407 to 78.016.622 nt.
Results. Growth retardation, craniofacial features, mild developmental delay and notable speech delay. were reported in both the probands. Precocious crowded dentition was observed in Case 1 and an accessory spleen in Case 2.
Conclusion. Patients with 4q deletion syndrome although sharing main features, exhibited varying clinical manifestations depending on the area and location of the deletion. Similarity and diversity reported for the probands are analyzed. An extensive review of the 4q deletion syndrome is reported.
UTX inhibition suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells by modulating periostin expression
Authors: Luan Yan , Liu Yingfei , Xue Jingwen , Wang Ke , Ma Kaige , Lu Haixia , Chen Xinlin , Liu Yong , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) link tightly to glioblastoma (GBM) development, progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence, suggesting GSCs as a novel target for drug discovery. UTX, a histone H3K27 demethylase, participates in regulating multiple cancer types. However, less is known about the function of UTX in GBM, let alone in GSCs. Our study aims to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of UTX on GSCs. TCGA data showed that higher UTX expression was found in GBM and inversely correlated with survival. UTX inhibition hindered GBM cell growth and caused cell apoptosis. Subsequently, we cultured the primary GSCs, which were isolated from three patients. UTX inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in GSCs. RNA-seq was performed to analyze the gene expression changes after silencing UTX in GSCs. The results indicated that UTX-mediated genes were strongly closely correlated with GBM progression and regulatory tumor microenvironment (TME). Transwell co-cultured experiment showed that silencing UTX in the transwell chamber GSCs could also inhibit the well plate cell proliferation. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that periostin (POSTN) played a role in the UTX-mediated transcriptional regulatory network. Replenishment of POSTN abolished the effect of UTX inhibition on GSCs proliferation and apoptosis, partially recovered the intra- and extracellular levels of COL1A1 and VCAM1. Combining the above results together, our study demonstrated that UTX inhibition hindered POSTN expression by enhancing H3K27me2/3 level, eventually resulting in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of patient-derived GSCs. Our findings may provide a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of GBM.
Long-term trends of pediatric type 1 diabetes incidence in Japan: before and during the COVID- 19 pandemic years (1999–2021)
Authors: Ihara Kenji , Matsuda Fumika , Itonaga Tomoyo , Maeda Miwako 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased worldwide whereas a long-term trend for pediatric type 1 diabetes has remain elusive in Japan.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and secular trend of pediatric type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from 1999 to 2021 in Oita Prefecture, Japan.
Subjects: We investigated the increase in numbers of newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes aged <15 years from1999 to 2021.
Method: We surveyed the medical information from hospitals in Oita and Oita Prefecture database in Japan.
Result: The incidence of type 1 diabetes in those aged <15 years increased annually by 5.3% in all children, especially by 8.1% in boys aged 10–14 years during the past 23 years. The average incidence rate of 3.9/100,000/year was almost consistent with the previous report from Asian countries. However, no significant change was found in the increasing incidence trend of type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: The incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes in Japan has significantly increased over the past 23 years, which is consistent with a worldwide trend. No significant increasing trend was observed during the past 2 years during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Effects of hydrogen peroxide present in mouthwashes on bonding efficacy of universal adhesives to dentin surface
Authors: Silva Daniella de Oliveira da , Moreira Pedro Henrrique de Aguiar , Ferreira Michel Wendlinger Cantanhede , Paranhos Luis Renato , Reis Alessandra , Cardenas Andres Felipe Millan , Loguercio Alessandro Dourado , Siqueira Fabiana Suelen Figuerêdo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:To evaluate the effects of the repeated use of hydrogen peroxide (HP)-based mouthwashes on the bonding efficacy of universal adhesives for bonding to dentin surfaces.Methods:In this study, 384 human third molars were divided into 48 experimental groups according to the application of two HP-based mouthwashes for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. The adhesives included Scotchbond Universal and Ambar Universal adhesives, and the adhesive strategies were etch-and-rinse and self-etch. Additionally, for each mouthwash protocol, one group without mouthwash and another group which underwent in-office bleaching were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Teeth were treated separately in each mouthwash protocol, and after that, they were restored and tested for their microtensile bond strength (µTBS), nanoleakage (NL), and degree of conversion (DC). The data were subjected to a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 0.05) for each evaluated property.Results:A significant decrease in the µTBS was observed for both mouthwashes (15 and 30) relative to the negative control group (p = 0.0001). However, both groups showed higher µTBS values than those for the in-office bleaching group (p < 0.0001).Regarding the NL, a significant decrease in the NL values was observed for both mouthwashes (30) when compared to the negative control group (p < 0.01). Moreover, both mouthwash (15 and 30) groups showed lower NL to dentin values when compared to in-office bleaching (p < 0.01).Conclusion:Even at low concentrations, the continuous and prolonged use of an HP-based mouthwash affects the µTBS and DC values, and leads to an increase in the NL of the universal adhesives in the dentin.
Investigation of the Tensile Strength and Chemical Interaction &amp; Structure of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/ Silicon Carbide Nanocomposite
Authors: Bozeya Ayat , Makableh Yahia F. , Hammam Haneen Abu , Alnasra Ibrahim , Rawashdeh Tariq 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: In this research, nanocomposite of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticles was prepared and characterized in terms of chemical interaction, molecular structure, tensile strength, and dispersion state of nanoparticles in the UHMWPE matrix.
Method: Nanocomposite of UHMWPE/SiC was prepared in gradient loadings (1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 wt % of the SiC nanoparticles) by means of ultra-sonication mixing technique followed by compression molding.
Results: Physicochemical interaction of the UHMWPE matrix and the SiC nanoparticles at filler/polymer interface was suggested by Fourier-transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. X-ray diffraction (XRD) approved that the incorporation of SiC in the UHMWPE matrix did not change the orthorhombic crystalline structure of neat UHMWPE. However, an increase in crystallinity of 14 % was achieved with the 3 wt % of SiC. No significant change was observed in the average grain size comparing the pure UHMWPE to its nanocomposites.
Conclusion:Enhancement in mechanical properties were achieved by 3 wt % SiC reinforced UHMWPE where young’s modulus, tensile strength and strain at break increased by an average of 13 %, 20 % and 46 % respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) approved good dispersion of SiC nanoparticles in UHMWPE matrix up to 3 wt%.
Exploring Pathway Interactions to Detect Molecular Mechanisms of Disease: 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Shin Woosub , Kutmon Martina , Mina Eleni , Amelsvoort Therese van , Evelo Chris T , Ehrhart Friederike 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of adjacent genes at a location specified as q11.2 of chromosome 22, resulting in an array of clinical phenotypes including autistic spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, congenital heart defects, and immune deficiency. Many characteristics of the disorder are known, such as the phenotypic variability of the disease and the biological processes associated with it; however, the exact and systemic molecular mechanisms between the deleted area and its resulting clinical phenotypic expression, for example that of neuropsychiatric diseases, are not yet fully understood.
Results
Using previously published transcriptomics data (GEO:GSE59216), we constructed two datasets: one set compares 22q11DS patients experiencing neuropsychiatric diseases versus healthy controls, and the other set 22q11DS patients without neuropsychiatric diseases versus healthy controls. We modified and applied the pathway interaction method, originally proposed by Kelder et al. (2011), on a network created using the WikiPathways pathway repository and the STRING protein-protein interaction database. We identified genes and biological processes that were exclusively associated with the development of neuropsychiatric diseases among the 22q11DS patients.
Compared with the 22q11DS patients without neuropsychiatric diseases, patients experiencing neuropsychiatric diseases showed significant overrepresentation of regulated genes involving the natural killer cell function and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, with affected genes being closely associated with downregulation of CRK like proto-oncogene adaptor protein. Both the pathway interaction and the pathway overrepresentation analysis observed the disruption of the same biological processes, even though the exact lists of genes collected by the two methods were different.
Conclusions
Using the pathway interaction method, we were able to detect a molecular network that could possibly explain the development of neuropsychiatric diseases among the 22q11DS patients. This way, our method was able to complement the pathway overrepresentation analysis, by filling the knowledge gaps on how the affected pathways are linked to the original deletion on chromosome 22. We expect our pathway interaction method could be used for problems with similar contexts, where complex genetic mechanisms need to be identified to explain the resulting phenotypic plasticity.
Circulating Stromal Cells are Prognostic for Highly Aggressive Prostate Cancer in both the Non-Metastatic and Metastatic Settings
Authors: GIRONDA DANIEL , Bergan Raymond , Alpaugh R , Danila Daniel , Chuang Tuan , Hurtado Brenda , Ho Thai , Adams Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite advancements in the early-stage detection and expansion of treatments for Prostate Cancer (PCa), patient mortality rates remain high in patients with aggressive disease, and overtreatment of indolent disease remains a major issue. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a standard PCa blood biomarker, is limited in its ability to differentiate disease subtypes resulting in the overtreatment of non-aggressive indolent disease. Recently Cancer Associated Macrophage-Like cells (CAMLs), a cancer-specific polyploid circulating stromal cell was found in the blood of patients with PCa. Further, it has been suggested that circulating CAMLs ≥50μm in cytoplasmic diameter are associated with aggressive tumor subtypes and worsened patient outcomes, which may aid PSA for patient stratification. To expand upon previous research, we hypothesized that monitoring CAML size, in combination with PSA, may aid in differentiating indolent, non-aggressive, and highly aggressive PCas by adding biological information that complements traditional clinical biomarkers, thereby guiding treatment for PCa.
Cross species horizontal gene transfer of bacterial genes during human evolution controls human cell proliferation through long non coding RNA’s.
Authors: Pandey Manoj , Rajput Monika , Dixit Ruhi , Singh Pooja , Shukla Vijay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Gallbladder cancer is the commonest cancer of the bile duct, the etiopathogenesis is still debatable. Non coding RNAs are implicated in various carcinogenesis however their role in gallbladder cancer is still not clear.
Methods: Transcriptomic data from gallbladder cancer patients was analyzed for differential expression of long non coding RNA (lncRNA), the data was subjected to cross-species phylogenetic analysis and blast with the bacterial and ancient human genome. Pathway analysis, gene-gene interactions and data and text mining was done for non-conserved non coding genes.
Findings: Of the 16 lncRNA identified as differentially expressed, 7 were found to be phylogenetically of bacterial origin appeared to be acquired by horizontal gene transfer during evolution. These genes were identified in both Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis with dissimilarities. Functional analysis of these gene showed them to regulate various biological and genetic process that appear to promote gallbladder carcinogenesis.
Interpretation: This is the first study that shows that 7 of the human lncRNA are probably of bacterial origin and has been passed to Homo sapiens through ancestry and part of these has been acquired during human evaluation. These genes regulate the transcription and post transcriptional vital RNA, protein functions and thus may induce gallbladder carcinogenesis.
Spatial and temporal differences in the response of water and soil conservation to ecosystem fragmentation
Authors: Gao Xiang , Wen Ruiyang , Li Jie , Yan An 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using spatial autocorrelation methods we explores the spatial and temporal differences in the response of soil and water conservation to ecosystem fragmentation during the period between 1990 and 2019 in Qilian Mountain National Park (QMNP) of China. We found that the degree of ecosystem fragmentation has decreased over the past 30 years, improving the water and soil conservation capacity of the park's ecosystems. However, the relationship between the two varied temporally and also exhibited a variety of spatial patterns. These differences were due to the spatial heterogeneity of the park's ecosystems, the differences in the forms of fragmentation of different ecosystems and the differences in the soil and water conservation capacity of different ecosystems. Moreover, there were differences in the impact of nine fragmentation factors on ecosystem soil and water conservation and explanatory of two services in QMNP.
Inhibition of Calcium-sensing Receptor Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-induced Cognitive Dysfunction via CaSR-PKC-ERK1/2 Pathway
Authors: Ying Huiya , Zhang Zilong , Wang Wei , Yang Zijing , You Cancan , Li Yuanai , Cai Xiaohong , Li Xiucui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), associated with cognitive dysfunction in children. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a member of G-protein coupled receptors superfamily, has been demonstrated to mediate the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in various diseases. However, the effect of CaSR on OSAHS remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of CaSR in CIH-induced memory dysfunction and underlying mechanisms on regulation of PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. CIH exposures for 4 weeks in mice, modeling OSAHS, contributed to cognitive dysfunction, manifested as increased working memory errors, reference memory errors and total memory errors. CIH accelerated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by increased TUNEL positive cells, up-regulated cleaved-Caspase3 and down-regulated Bcl-2 in mice, and resulted in the synaptic plasticity deficit via down-regulated synaptophysin (Syn) protein level. To further identify whether CaSR is involved in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity induced by CIH, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with CaSR inhibitor (NPS2143) 30 min before CIH exposure everyday, and the results demonstrated CaSR inhibitor alleviated the apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficit in the hippocampus of CIH mice, accompanied by decreased p-ERK1/2 and PKC. To clarify the mechanism of apoptosis and synaptic plasticity in CIH hippocampal neurons mediated by CaSR, we established intermittent hypoxia PC12 cell model and found that the activation of CaSR accelerated CIH-induced PC12 apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficit by up-regulated p-ERK1/2 and PKC. Overall, our findings indicated that CaSR held a critical function on CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by accelerating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and reducing synaptic plasticity via augmenting CaSR- PKC-ERK1/2 pathway; otherwise, inhibition of CaSR alleviated CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction.