bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local vasoregulative interventions impact drug concentrations in the skin after topical laser‐assisted delivery
Authors: Wenande Emily , Gundavarapu Sarat Chandra , Tam Joshua , Bhayana Brijesh , Thomas Carina N. , Farinelli William A. , Vakoc Benjamin J. , Anderson R. Rox , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe ability of ablative fractional lasers (AFL) to enhance topical drug uptake is well established. After AFL delivery, however, drug clearance by local vasculature is poorly understood. Modifications in vascular clearance may enhance AFL‐assisted drug concentrations and prolong drug dwell time in the skin. Aiming to assess the role and modifiability of vascular clearance after AFL‐assisted delivery, this study examined the impact of vasoregulative interventions on AFL‐assisted 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) concentrations in in vivo skin.Methods5‐FU uptake was assessed in intact and AFL‐exposed skin in a live pig model. After fractional CO2 laser exposure (15 mJ/microbeam, 5% density), vasoregulative intervention using topical brimonidine cream, epinephrine solution, or pulsed dye laser (PDL) was performed in designated treatment areas, followed by a single 5% 5‐FU cream application. At 0, 1, 4, 48, and 72 h, 5‐FU concentrations were measured in 500 and 1500 μm skin layers by mass spectrometry (n = 6). A supplemental assessment of blood flow following AFL ± vasoregulation was performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a human volunteer.ResultsCompared to intact skin, AFL facilitated a prompt peak in 5‐FU delivery that remained elevated up to 4 hours (1500 μm: 1.5 vs. 31.8 ng/ml [1 hour, p = 0.002]; 5.3 vs. 14.5 ng/ml [4 hours, p = 0.039]). However, AFL's impact was transient, with 5‐FU concentrations comparable to intact skin at later time points. Overall, vasoregulative intervention with brimonidine or PDL led to significantly higher peak 5‐FU concentrations, prolonging the drug's dwell time in the skin versus AFL delivery alone. As such, brimonidine and PDL led to twofold higher 5‐FU concentrations than AFL alone in both skin layers by 1 hour (e.g., 500 μm: 107 ng/ml [brimonidine]; 96.9 ng/ml [PDL], 46.6 ng/ml [AFL alone], p ≤ 0.024), and remained significantly elevated at 4 hours (p ≤ 0.024). A similar pattern was observed for epinephrine, although trends remained nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.09). Prolonged 5‐FU delivery was provided by PDL, resulting in sustained drug deposition compared to AFL alone at both 48 and 72 hours in the superficial skin layer (p ≤ 0.024). Supporting drug delivery findings, OCT revealed that increases in local blood flow after AFL were mitigated in test areas also exposed to PDL, brimonidine, or epinephrine, with PDL providing the greatest, sustained reduction in flow over 48 hours.ConclusionVasoregulative intervention in conjunction with AFL‐assisted delivery enhances and prolongs 5‐FU deposition in in vivo skin.
Associations between the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition score and overactive bladder syndrome symptoms at baseline and upon treatment
Authors: Schönburg Sandra , Murgas Sandra , Fornara Paolo , Michel Martin C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes such as the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC) score are frequently used to characterize overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) patients and their treatment outcomes. However, little information is available on the relationship of such scores to OAB symptoms at the individual patient level.MethodsWe have performed a post hoc analysis of two large noninterventional studies (n = 1345 and 745) in which patients received propiverine extended release (30 or 45 mg/day) for 12 weeks to determine the strength of nonparametric correlations between PPBC and OAB symptoms at baseline, after treatment and with treatment‐associated changes thereof.ResultsPPBC was not correlated with age but with episode frequencies of urgency, incontinence, micturitions, and nocturia, but the strength of correlations was only moderate (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.2045−0.3553). Similarly moderate correlations were observed after treatment and when changes in PPBC were compared to those of OAB symptoms, although these correlations were somewhat stronger.ConclusionsPPBC is only moderately correlated to OAB symptoms indicating that it characterizes patients beyond what is captured by their symptoms.
Update to the pediatric Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA)
Authors: Carter Laura , Hulst Jessie M. , Afzal Nooran , Jeejeebhoy Khurseed , Brunet‐Wood Kim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLack of a standardized method of identifying and defining pediatric malnutrition has led to an inability to fully understand the prevalence of and impact that malnutrition has on pediatric patients and the healthcare system. The Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) is an assessment tool meant to determine presence and severity of malnutrition in pediatric populations. However, the anthropometric section of the tool contains some out‐dated parameters. This has limited its clinical practicality. The aim of this paper is to propose updates to the anthropometrics section of the SGNA. A retrospective analysis of 153 SGNA's performed on children aged 1 month to 16 years was completed, comparing the original SGNA results to SGNA results incorporating updated anthropometric parameters for percentiles and ideal body weight. The category of length/height for age was updated to include z score cutoffs rather than percentiles, and ideal body weight was updated to z scores for weight for length or body mass index (BMI). Two serial growth questions were updated in wording only, to reflect z score trends. The results of the analysis showed these updates would have changed the rankings of eight patients (5%) for length/height for age, and 20 patients (13%) for ideal body weight to weight for length or BMI. Adjustments to these questions did not impact the overall SGNA rating. This study shows updates to the SGNA are not expected to have a significant impact on the validity of the tool and has the potential to improve its applicability to current day practice.
Augmented Lagrangian approach to deriving discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonlinear elasticity problems
Authors: Hansbo Peter , Larson Mats G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe use the augmented Lagrangian formalism to derive discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulations for problems in nonlinear elasticity. In elasticity, stress is typically a symmetric function of strain, leading to symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in Newton's method when conforming finite elements are used for discretization. By use of the augmented Lagrangian framework, we can also obtain symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in DG methods. We suggest two different approaches and give examples from plasticity and from large deformation hyperelasticity.
Second‐order defeaturing estimator of manufacturing‐induced porosity on structural elasticity
Authors: Deng Shiguang , Soderhjelm Carl , Apelian Diran , Suresh Krishnan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManufactured metallic components often contain nonuniformly distributed pores of complex morphologies. Since such porosity defects have a significant influence on material behaviors and affect the usage in high‐performance applications, it is significant to understand the impact of porosity characteristics on the behaviors of components. In this work, a gradient‐enhanced porosity defeaturing estimator, which allows for the modeling of pore geometry and spatial distribution, is proposed within a general elastostatic framework. In this approach, the first‐order shape sensitivity is implemented to account for the change in the elastic quantity of interests to variations of pore sizes and shapes, which is then supplemented by a second‐order shape sensitivity whose mixed partial derivative quantifies the interactions between pores in proximity. The efficacy of the proposed method comes from its posterior manner that it only relies on field solutions of reference models where pores are suppressed. In this context, meshing difficulty and solution convergence issues are avoided, which would otherwise arise in a direct finite element analysis on porous structures. The impact of porosity on structural elastic performance is approximated using a second‐order Taylor expansion where the topological difference between the porous and reference domains is estimated by topological sensitivity; the field variables on pore boundaries are approximated as explicit functions of design variables using exterior formulations. Numerical results show that the elastic performances of components are influenced by the existence of pores. The pore‐to‐pore interactions are significant when pores are close by.
Impact of COVID‐19 in pediatric oncology care in Latin America during the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Villanueva Gabriela , Sampor Claudia , Palma Julia , Villarroel Milena , Valencia Diana , Lombardi Mercedes García , Garcia Wendy Gomez , Caceres Eva Lezcano , Sobrero Victoria , Garcia Lilia , Cabrera Victor , Maza Ivan , Velasquez Thelma , Ugaz Cecilia , Vasquez Jacqueline Montoya , Coronado Rosdali Diaz , Gonzalez Natalia , Aguiar Simone , Dabezies Agustin , Moreno Florencia , Sardinas Susan , Gamboa Yessika , Maradiegue Essy , Fu Ligia , Gassant Pascale , Moreno Katiuska , Gonzales Oscar , Schelotto Magdalena , Luna‐Fineman Sandra , Antoneli Celia Gianotti , Fuentes‐Alabi Soad , Luciani Silvana , Cappellano Andrea , Chantada Guillermo , Vasquez Liliana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19) pandemic strained medical systems worldwide. We report on the impact on pediatric oncology care in Latin American (LATAM) during its first year.MethodFour cross‐sectional surveys were electronically distributed among pediatric onco‐hematologists in April/June/October 2020, and April/2021 through the Latin American Society of Pediatric Oncology (SLAOP) email list and St Jude Global regional partners.ResultsFour hundred fifty‐three pediatric onco‐hematologists from 20 countries responded to the first survey, with subsequent surveys response rates above 85%. More than 95% of participants reported that treatment continued without interruption for new and active ongoing patients, though with disruptions in treatment availability. During the first three surveys, respondents reported suspensions of outpatient procedures (54.2%), a decrease in oncologic surgeries (43.6%), radiotherapy (28.4%), stem cell transplants (SCT) (69.3%), and surveillance consultations (81.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that at the beginning of the first wave, participants from countries with healthcare expenditure below 7% were more likely to report a decrease in outpatient procedures (odds ratio [OR]: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.19–2.8), surgeries (OR: 3, 95% CI: 1.9–4.6) and radiotherapy (OR: 6, 95% CI: 3.5–10.4). Suspension of surveillance consultations was higher in countries with COVID‐19 case fatality rates above 2% (OR: 3, 95% CI: 1.4–6.2) and SCT suspensions in countries with COVID‐19 incidence rate above 100 cases per 100,000 (OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.6–7.45). Paradoxically, at the beginning of the second wave with COVID‐19 cases rising exponentially, most participants reported improvements in cancer services availability.ConclusionOur data show the medium‐term collateral effects of the pandemic on pediatric oncology care in LATAM, which might help delineate oncology care delivery amid current and future challenges posed by the pandemic.
Activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase–extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway in childhood B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pillai Pallavi M. , Mallory Nicole , Pierro Joanna , Saliba Jason , Newman Daniel , Hu Jiyuan , Bhatla Teena , Raetz Elizabeth , Carroll William L. , Evensen Nikki A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRAS mutations are frequently observed in childhood B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and previous studies have yielded conflicting results as to whether they are associated with a poor outcome. We and others have demonstrated that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase–extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK) pathway can be activated through epigenetic mechanisms in the absence of RAS pathway mutations. Herein, we examined whether MAPK activation, as determined by measuring phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK) levels in 80 diagnostic patient samples using phosphoflow cytometry, could be used as a prognostic biomarker for pediatric B‐ALL. The mean fluorescence intensity of pERK (MFI) was measured at baseline and after exogenous stimulation with or without pretreatment with the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib. Activation levels (MFI stimulated/MFI baseline) ranged from 0.76 to 4.40 (median = 1.26), and inhibition indexes (MFI stimulated/MFI trametinib stimulated) ranged from 0.439 to 5.640 (median = 1.30), with no significant difference between patients with wildtype versus mutant RAS for either. Logistic regression demonstrated that neither MAPK activation levels nor RAS mutation status at diagnosis alone or in combination was prognostic of outcome. However, 35% of RAS wildtype samples showed MAPK inhibition indexes greater than the median, thus raising the possibility that therapeutic strategies to inhibit MAPK activation may not be restricted to patients whose blasts display Ras pathway defects.
Pain science education for children living with and beyond cancer: Challenges and research agenda
Authors: Rheel Emma , Heathcote Lauren C. , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Schulte Fiona , Pate Joshua W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPain in children living with and beyond cancer is understudied and undertreated. Pain science education (PSE) is a conceptual change strategy facilitating patients’ understanding of the biopsychosocial aspects of pain. Preliminary studies on the adaptation of PSE interventions to adults with and beyond cancer provide a foundation for pediatric research. PSE could help childhood cancer survivors experiencing persistent pain and pain‐related worry after active treatment. PSE may also help children receiving cancer treatment, providing them with a foundation of adaptive pain beliefs and cognitions, and preparing them for procedural and treatment‐related pain. We direct this paper toward pediatric oncology clinicians, policy makers, and researchers working with children living with and beyond cancer. We aim to (a) identify challenges in adapting PSE for children living with and beyond cancer, (b) offer possible solutions, and (c) propose research questions to guide the implementation of PSE for children living with and beyond cancer.
The least length of halloysite nanotubes allowing the operative stress shifting via imperfect interphase after percolation onset for the strength of nanocomposites applicable in the biomedical products
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe strength of a composite comprising halloysite nanotubes (HNT) above percolation start is simulated supposing the imperfect interphase by “Lc” as the least length of nanofiller authorizing the operative stress shifting via interphase. The advanced model considers the interphase depth, percolation start, network fraction and interfacial shear strength (τ) along with the strengths and concentrations of the dispersed and networked HNT and interphase. All factors are justified by parametric checkups and the model's calculations are linked to the numerous tested data of various samples. Lc = 500 nm maximizes the nanocomposite's strength by 80%, but the highest “Lc” of 1500 nm only improves the strength of system by 28%. The percolation start of 0.001 causes the maximum improvement of the nanocomposite's strength as 56%. The strength of samples rises by 86% at maximum “τ” of 100 MPa. Also, the strength of system progresses by 70% at the interphase deepness of 20 nm. Thus, “Lc” and percolation start adversely control the strength, but “τ” and interphase depth directly handle the system's strength. The model's calculations suitably follow the experimental strengths of numerous examples approving the advanced model. HNT‐based nanocomposites can be used in the biomedical products.
Discs to a ‘Bright’ Future: Exploring Discotic Liquid Crystals in Organic Light Emitting Diodes in the Era of New‐Age Smart Materials
Authors: De Ritobrata , Sharma Sushil , Sengupta Sanchita , Kumar Pal Santanu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the advent of a new decade and the paradigm shift of every sphere of urban life to virtual platforms, it has become imperative for the global researcher community to channelize efforts into upgradation of the existing display‐technology. In this context, discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are a class of self‐assembling organic materials that are recently being explored in fabricating the emissive layers of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). With their unique inherent structural and functional properties, they have the potential to challenge the currently prevailing OLED‐emitters. Yet the applications of this promising class of materials in OLEDs have not been comprehensively reviewed in literature till now. In this account, we present an overview of the developments in the field of luminescent DLC‐based emitters, supported by their associated photophysical phenomena and their performance parameters as emitters in fabricated OLED devices.
Hypertrophic osteopathy and suspected subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog with an abdominal gossypiboma
Authors: Doyle Eliana , Hall Harriet , Hughes Jonathan , Owen Laura , Giuliano Antonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, female, neutered cocker spaniel presented with progressive lethargy, inappetence and right pelvic limb lameness. Regional mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy had been performed 11 months prior. Mild neutrophilia and increased C‐reactive protein were present. Radiographs revealed mild periosteal reaction of distal long bone diaphyses of all limbs, consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Abdominal imaging revealed a mesenteric mass with a central woven radiopaque foreign body diagnosed as a gossypiboma following surgical excision and histopathology. Postoperatively the patient developed acute decompensation of suspected chronic subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation and suffered cardiac arrest. Hypertrophic osteopathy was confirmed with multifocal periosteal hyperostosis and concurrent myelofibrosis within the medulla of the long bones. Hypertrophic osteopathy occurs secondary to chronic inflammatory or neoplastic intrathoracic lesions and rarely due to abdominal pathology. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of hypertrophic osteopathy associated with an abdominal gossypiboma with sequential disseminated intravascular coagulation.
A characteristic expanded mixed finite element numerical method for incompressible miscible displacement problem involving dispersion term
Authors: Hu Hanzhang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA characteristic expanded mixed finite element method is presented for miscible displacement problem involving dispersion term. Two‐grid algorithm is used to linearize the nonlinear coupling equations. The error estimations of the two‐grid solution is conduced in detail by error estimates of characteristic expanded mixed finite element methods. Numerical experiment shows that this algorithm is more efficient when the dispersion term is very small.
Secularism, Social Work and Muslim Minorities in France
Authors: Verba Daniel , Guélamine Faïza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIslam’s increased visibility in France over the past 20 years has challenged social workers, confronted with new practices that often provoke consternation and cause professional difficulties. Social workers’ relationships with members of society who are motivated by faith, and also with their colleagues, some of whom openly express their Muslim identity, force them to adapt to new religious frames of reference. Social workers are also occasionally compelled to revisit the Christian roots of social work that many of them felt had been left behind by the profession. These patterns also explain the prevalence of reminders about the secular basis of social work, in a sector where radicalisation among the young tends to be perceived as a regressive influence on freedom of expression and, above all, on women’s rights.
Affinity Spaces as an Analytical Lens for Attending to Temporality in Critical Data Studies: The Case of COVID-19-Related, Educational Twitter Communication
Authors: Zakharova Irina , Jarke Juliane , Breiter Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter is based on an analysis of Germany’s biggest education-related Twitter hashtag before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the reconfiguration of the central actors and topics along the #twlz hashtag to trace the change in pandemic-related communication about education. Specifically, we focus on two arguments developed by education scholars as responses to the COVID-19 crisis: educational technology providers and political actors increasingly turn to social media to mediate their COVID-19 crisis management; at the same time, educational technologies are increasingly being positioned as solutions to the educational challenges posed by the pandemic. Using an analytical framework of affinity spaces, we extend on the hashtag studies and understand the #twlz hashtag as an ongoing process of associating various actors, topics, and things. Through a mix of qualitative and quantitative analysis, we addressed questions of how educational technology providers and political actors reconfigured the #twlz affinity space and how suitable the concept of affinity space is for studying crisis through Twitter hashtags. We identify shifts in topics and actors central to the #twlz affinity space as a reaction to the national and regional educational crisis management over time and trace the practices through which these shifts unfold. With our empirical investigation of educational Twitter communication as practices of reconfiguration rather than content redistribution, we contribute to new perspectives for critical data studies (in education) conceptually and methodologically.
Worker Perspectives on Designs for a Crowdwork Co-operative
Authors: Bates Jo , Checco Alessandro , Gerakopoulou Elli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrowdwork platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) are a crucial infrastructural component of our global data assemblage. Through these platforms, low-paid crowdworkers perform the vital labour of manually labelling large-scale and complex datasets, labels that are needed to train machine learning and AI models (Tubaro et al., Big Data & Society, 7(1), 2020) and which enable the functioning of much digital technology, from niche applications to global platforms such as Google, Amazon and Facebook.In this chapter, we reflect on how a ‘design justice’ approach might be valuable to build on insights gained from a series of exploratory discussions we have engaged in with US-based crowdworkers about how a crowdworker co-operative might work in practice, and begin to sketch out a potential software architecture that could form the basis of future participative approaches to the design and development of a crowdworker co-operative.We begin by describing and reflecting on our own evolving methodology and how it fits with the ‘design justice’ lens we propose for future work. Following this, we present findings from our discussions with crowdworkers about how a crowdwork co-operative might work in practice, including what values workers would like to see embedded in the design. We then finish with the outline of a prototype software architecture for a crowdworker co-operative that could be used as a starting point in future design work in collaboration with crowdworkers.