bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transition from soluble to insoluble organic matter in interstellar ice analogs and meteorites
Authors: Danger Grégoire , Ruf Alexander , Javelle Thomas , Maillard Julien , Vinogradoff Vassilissa , Afonso Carlos , Schmitz-Afonso Isabelle , Remusat Laurent , Gabelica Zelimir , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: September 2022

Context. Carbonaceous chondrites are sources of information on the origin of the Solar System. Their organic content is conventionally classified as soluble (SOM) and insoluble organic matter (IOM), where the latter represents the majority.
Aims. In this work, our objectives are to identify possible relations between soluble and insoluble organic matter generated in laboratory experiments and to extrapolate the laboratory analog findings to soluble and insoluble organic matter of meteorites to test their connection.
Methods. Using laboratory experiments, processes possibly linking IOM analog (IOMA) to SOM analog (SOMA) precursors are investigated by assuming that dense molecular ices are one of the sources of organic matter in the Solar System. Each organic fraction is analyzed by laser desorption coupled to a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer on a comprehensive basis.
Results. SOMA and IOMA significantly differ in their chemical fingerprints, and particularly in their aromaticity, O/C, and N/C elemental ratios. Using an innovative molecular network, the SOMA–IOMA transition was tested, revealing connection between both classes. This new network suggests that IOMA is formed in two steps: a first generation IOMA based on precursors from SOMA, while a second IOMA generation is formed by altering the first IOMA generation. Finally, using the same analytical technique, the molecular content of IOMA and that of the Paris IOM are compared, showing their molecular similarities for the first time. The molecular network application to the Paris SOM and IOM demonstrates that a possible connection related to photochemical ice processing is present, but that the overall history of IOM formation in meteorites is much more complex and might have been affected by additional factors (e.g., aqueous alteration).
Conclusions. Our approach provides a new way to analyze the organic fraction of extraterrestrial material, giving new insights into the evolution of organic matter in the Solar System.
Breaking the rules at z ≃ 0.45: The rebel case of RBS 1055
Authors: Marinucci A. , Vietri G. , Piconcelli E. , Bianchi S. , Guainazzi M. , Lanzuisi G. , Stern D. , Vignali C. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Very luminous quasars are unique sources for studying the circumnuclear environment around supermassive black holes. Several components contribute to the overall X-ray spectral shape of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The hot (kTe = 50 − 100 keV) and warm (kTe = 0.1 − 1 keV) coronae are responsible for the hard and soft power-law continua, while the circumnuclear toroidal reflector accounts for the Fe Kα emission line and the associated Compton hump. However, all these spectral features are simultaneously observed only in a handful of sources above z ≃ 0.1.
Aims. An ideal astrophysical laboratory for this investigation is the quasar RBS 1055, at z ≃ 0.45. With a luminosity L2 − 10 keV = 2 × 1045 erg s−1, it is the brightest radio-quiet quasar from the ROSAT Bright Survey. Despite the known anti-correlation between the equivalent width (EW) of the narrow neutral Fe Kα line and L2 − 10 keV, an intense Fe Kα was previously detected for this source.
Methods. We report findings based on a long (250 ks) NuSTAR observation performed in March 2021 and archival XMM-Newton pointings (185 ks) taken in July 2014. We also analyzed an optical spectrum of the source taken with the Double Spectrograph at the Palomar Observatory quasi-simultaneously to the NuSTAR observations.
Results. We find that the two-corona model, in which a warm and hot corona coexist, well reproduces the broad band spectrum of RBS 1055, with temperatures kTe = 0.12−0.03+0.08 keV, kTe = 30−10+40 keV and Thomson optical depths τ = 30−10+15 and τ = 3.0−1.4+1.0 for the former and the latter component, respectively. We confirm the presence of an intense Fe Kα emission line (EW = 55 ± 6 eV) and find, when a toroidal model is considered for reproducing the Compton reflection, a Compton-thin solution with NH = (3.2−0.8+0.9) × 1023 cm−2 for the circumnuclear reflector. A detailed analysis of the optical spectrum reveals a likely peculiar configuration of our line of sight with respect to the nucleus, and the presence of a broad [O III] component tracing outflows in the Narrow Line Region, with a velocity shift v = 1500 ± 100 km s−1, leading to a mass outflow rate Ṁout = 25.4 ±1.5 M⊙ yr−1 and outflow kinetic power normalized by the bolometric luminosity Ēkin/LBol ∼ 0.33%. We estimate the BH mass to be in the range 2.8 × 108–1.2 × 109 M⊙, according to different broad line region emission lines, with an average value of ⟨MBH⟩ = 6.5 × 108 M⊙.
Conclusions. With an Fe Kα that is 3σ above the value predicted from the EW–L2 − 10 keV relation and an extreme source brightness at 2 keV (a factor 10−15 higher than the one expected from the optical/UV), we can confirm that RBS 1055 is an outlier in the X-rays compared to other objects in the same luminosity and redshift range.
The statistical properties of early-type stars from LAMOST DR8
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Liu Chao , Wang Luqian , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Bo , Ji Kaifan , Han ZhanWen , Chen XueFei 
Published: September 2022

Context. Massive binary stars play a crucial role in many astrophysical fields. Investigating the statistical properties of massive binary stars is essential to trace the formation of massive stars and constrain the evolution of stellar populations. However, no consensus has been achieved on the statistical properties of massive binary stars, mainly due to the lack of a large and homogeneous sample of spectroscopic observations.
Aims. We study the intrinsic binary fraction fbin and distributions of mass ratio f(q) and orbital period f(P) of early-type stars (comprised of O-, B-, and A-type stars) and investigate their dependences on effective temperature Teff, stellar metallicity [M/H], and the projection velocity vsini, based on the homogeneous spectroscopic sample from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release Eight (DR8).
Methods. We collected 886 early-type stars, each with more than six observations from the LAMOST DR8, and divided the sample into subgroups based on their derived effective temperature (Teff), metallicity ([M/H]), and projected rotational velocity (vsini). Radial velocity measurements were archived from a prior study. A set of Monte Carlo simulations, following distributions of f(P)∝Pπ and f(q)∝qγ were applied to the observed binary fraction to correct for any observational biases. The uncertainties of the derived results induced by the sample size and observation frequency are examined systematically.
Results. We found that fbin increases with increasing Teff. For stars in groups of B8-A, B4-B7, O-B3, the binary fractions are fbin = 48% ± 10%, 60%±10%, and 76%±10%, respectively. The binary fraction is positively correlated with metallicity for spectra in the sample, with derived values of fbin = 44% ± 10%, 60%±10%, and 72%±10% for spectra with metallicity ranges of [M/H] < −0.55, −0.55 ≤ [M/H] < −0.1, to [M/H] ≥ −0.1. Over all the vsini values we considered, the fbin have constant values of ∼50%. It seems that the binary population is relatively evenly distributed over a wide range of vsini values, while the whole sample shows that most of the stars are concentrated at low values of vsini (probably from strong wind and magnetic braking of single massive stars) and at high values of vsini (likely from the merging of binary stars). Stellar evolution and binary interaction may be partly responsible for this. In the case of samples with more than six observations, we derived π = −0.9 ± 0.35, −0.9 ± 0.35, and −0.9 ± 0.35, and γ = −1.9 ± 0.9, −1.1 ± 0.9, and −2 ± 0.9 for stars of types O-B3, B4-B7, and B8-A, respectively. There are no correlations found between π(γ) and Teff, nor for π(γ) and [M/H]. The uncertainties of the distribution decrease toward a larger sample size with higher observational cadence.
The Development and Validation of Artificial Intelligence Pediatric Appendicitis Decision-Tree for Children 0 to 12 Years Old
Authors: Shikha Anas , Kasem Asem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction Diagnosing appendicitis in young children (0–12 years) still poses a special difficulty despite the advent of radiological investigations. Few scoring models have evolved and been applied worldwide, but with significant fluctuations in accuracy upon validation.Aim To utilize artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to develop and validate a diagnostic model based on clinical and laboratory parameters only (without imaging), in addition to prospective validation to confirm the findings.Methods In Stage-I, observational data of children (0–12 years), referred for acute appendicitis (March 1, 2016–February 28, 2019, n = 166), was used for model development and evaluation using 10-fold cross-validation (XV) technique to simulate a prospective validation. In Stage-II, prospective validation of the model and the XV estimates were performed (March 1, 2019–November 30, 2021, n = 139).Results The developed model, AI Pediatric Appendicitis Decision-tree (AiPAD), is both accurate and explainable, with an XV estimation of average accuracy to be 93.5% ± 5.8 (91.4% positive predictive value [PPV] and 94.8% negative predictive value [NPV]). Prospective validation revealed that the model was indeed accurate and close to the XV evaluations, with an overall accuracy of 97.1% (96.7% PPV and 97.4% NPV).Conclusion The AiPAD is validated, highly accurate, easy to comprehend, and offers an invaluable tool to use in diagnosing appendicitis in children without the need for imaging. Ultimately, this would lead to significant practical benefits, improved outcomes, and reduced costs.
Is the Gestational Weight Gain Recommended by the National Academy of Medicine Guidelines Suitable for Chinese Twin-Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Dai Jiamiao , Fan Xiaoxiao , He Jing , Tian Ruixue , Xu Jingqi , Song Jiayang , Chen Xiangxu , Han Lu , Chen Yanlin , Peng Li , Cao Qiongya , Bai Jinbing , Chen Zhen , Liu Yanqun , Zou Zhijie , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: September 2022

Objectives This study aimed to assess the applicability of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) interim guidelines for twin pregnancies to the specific population of gestational diabetes mellitus by exploring the relationship between gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese twin-pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with diabetes in pregnancy between July 2017 and December 2020 at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Chongqing, China. The primary variable of interest was maternal total gestational weight gain. The primary outcomes were perinatal outcomes, which included: preeclampsia, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal intensive unit admission, etc. The association between inappropriate gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes was estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results A total of 455 twin-pregnant women who had gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed. Women with low gestational weight gain had reduced risk of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.32; 95% CI or confidence interval, 0.17–0.63; p = 0.001) and their infants had higher risks of small for gestational age (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.04–3.58; p = 0.037), low birth weight (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.32–3.90; p = 0.003), neonatal intensive unit admission (aOR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.10–5.78; p = 0.038), pneumonia (aOR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.08–5.33; p = 0.031), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (aOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.10–4.78; p = 0.027); the infants of women with excessive gestational weight gain had a higher risk of large for gestational age (aOR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.42–9.96; p = 0.008).
Conclusion Gestational weight gain controlled within the range recommended by the NAM could reduce the risk of perinatal adverse outcomes. The 2009 NAM gestational weight gain recommendations can be used for Chinese twin-pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Key Points
Cyberbullying and cybervictimization on digital media platforms: the role of demographic variables and parental mediation strategies
Authors: Aljasir Shuaa A. , Alsebaei Maisoon O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate adolescents’ perspectives on different parental mediation strategies in adolescent cyberbullying and cybervictimization. It also investigated the roles of the adolescent’s age and gender as moderators. An online survey was conducted among 387 Saudi adolescents aged 12–17 years. The results show that decreases in active, restrictive, internet safety, and monitoring strategies were significantly associated with increases in cyberbullying. However, only restrictive and internet safety strategies were significant contributors to cybervictimization, both of which followed the same pattern of a negative relationship between the mediation strategy and cybervictimization. Furthermore, the internet safety strategy had a significant three-way interaction with age and gender in associating with cyberbullying, while the restrictive strategy had a significant three-way interaction with age and gender in associating with cybervictimization.
A pilot study: the impact of clinic-provided transportation on missed clinic visits and system costs among teenage mother–child dyads
Authors: Allan-Blitz Lao-Tzu , Samad Aaida , Homsley Kenya , Ferguson Sojourna , Vais Simone , Nagin Perry , Joseph Natalie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransportation insecurity has profound impacts on the health and wellbeing of teenage parents and their children, who are at particularly high risk for missed clinic visits. In other settings, clinic-offered rideshare interventions have reduced the rates of missed visits. We conducted a one-arm pre-post time series analysis of missed visits before and after a pilot study rideshare intervention within a clinic specializing in the care of teenage parents and their children. We compared the number of missed visits during the study with the number during the preceding year (July 2019–March 2020), as well as the cost difference of missed visits, adjusting for inflation and clinic census. Of 153 rides scheduled, 106 (69.3%) were completed. Twenty-nine (29.9%) of 97 clinic visits were missed during the study period, compared to 145 (32.7%) of 443 comparison period visits (p-value = 0.59). The estimated cost difference of missed visits including intervention costs was a net savings of $90,830.32. However, the standardized cost difference was a net excess of $6.90 per clinic visit. We found no difference in rates of missed visits or costs, though likely impacted by the low census during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Given the potential to improve health disparities exacerbated by the pandemic, further research is warranted into the impact and utility of clinic-offered rideshare interventions.
Design and evaluation of magnetic field strength detection devices for millimeter-sized planar square inductors based on a mutual coupling model
Authors: Tian Lei , Song Limei , Zheng Yu , Wang Jinhai 
Published: September 2022

Micro-magnetic stimulation is a research hotspot in the field of neuromodulation. However, it is difficult to measure the weak magnetic field produced by a millimeter-sized inductor. In this study, a mutual inductance model considering different positions and sizes was established for a common planar square spiral coil micro-magnetic stimulator. A physical model was simulated using the Comsol finite element method to verify the accuracy of the mutual inductance model. A weak magnetic field detection system was constructed using the TI AD8130 and NE5532 chips, and the magnetic field strengths of excitation micro-coils sized 3.612 × 3.612 and 5.55 × 5.55 mm2 were measured. The results show that when the size ratio of the detection coil (DC) to the excitation coil (EC) is under a specific ratio (DC:EC = 1:1, 2:1, 1.53:1,2.36:1), the measurement range of the magnetic field strength is in the range 0–3.06 mT with an error of 0.05 mT, and the frequency is in the range 1–120 kHz. The measurement accuracy rate reaches 97.62%. The results of this study have potential application in the measurement of the weak magnetic field.
Permittivity measurement of the substrate by using the corrected differential phase method and quick-press test fixture
Authors: Zhu Hui , Gao Chong , Li En , Yu Chengyong , Xu Xinjie , Pan Junwen 
Published: September 2022

Permittivity is critical for analyzing electromagnetic propagation in the substrate. The differential phase method is desirable to measure the permittivity of the substrate. The actual measurement is usually required to be started at a low frequency to avoid the S21-phase ambiguity problem. To get rid of this problem, the unwrapped S21-phase is calculated accurately at any measurement frequency range. In the classical method of calculating the real permittivity from the effective permittivity, the calculation error increases gradually with increasing frequency, especially in an ultra-wide frequency range. To effectively reduce the error, the ratio of the calculated and real permittivity is used in the permittivity correction, which is a function with respect to frequency, dimension, and permittivity of the microstrip line. A two-step fitting process is proposed to reduce the dimension of the ratio function from three-dimension to two-dimension. Furthermore, a quick-press test fixture is designed for a more convenient measurement, which is characterized by no soldering requirement and ultra-wide frequency range. Compared with the stripline resonant method, in the proposed method, the maximum deviations of the four substrates are 0.035, −0.04, 0.07, and 0.13, in the frequency range of 1–40 GHz.
Large reversible magnetocaloric effect in high-entropy MnFeCoNiGeSi system with low-hysteresis magnetostructural transformation
Authors: Guo Yong , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Zhishuo , Chen Bin , Guo Wenhui , Pan Shuang , Gong Yong , Bai Yuqing , Gong Yuanyuan , Liu Jun , Miao Xuefei , Xu Feng 
Published: September 2022

High-entropy alloys have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years because of their special functional properties. However, the investigations on the high-entropy alloys with thermal- and magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation are still lacking. In this work, we provide a basic strategy to design a six-component MnFeCoNiGeSi high-entropy system, exhibiting low-hysteresis magnetostructural transformation between ferromagnetic orthorhombic and paramagnetic hexagonal phases. An increase in the configurational entropy is helpful to make the alloy crystallize in the single hexagonal structure, which can almost completely transform into the orthorhombic structure during cooling. The thermal hysteresis in our high-entropy alloy is as low as about 4.3 K. This advantage guarantees reversible magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation and is accompanying a large magnetocaloric effect. A reversible entropy change of −13.67 J K−1 kg−1 is realized under a magnetic field variation of 0–5 T. The obtained room-temperature magnetocaloric performance is comparable to that of some rare-earth-based high-entropy alloys and conventional first-order magnetocaloric materials. Moreover, the geometric nonlinear theory of martensitic transformation is adopted to explain the origin of low hysteresis in our high-entropy alloys.
Association between heat stress during intrauterine development and the expression and regulation of ovarian steroid hormone receptors in adult Holstein cows
Authors: Rodríguez Fernanda M. , Notaro Ulises S. , Huber Emilia , Recce Sebastián , Ortega Hugo H. , Signorini Marcelo L. , Rey Florencia , Salvetti Natalia R. 
Published: September 2022

Context Dairy cattle experience stressful environmental situations that affect production. Heat stress during gestation can influence the intrauterine development of offspring, resulting in long-term damage that can affect the reproductive life of the adult offspring. Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the expression and regulation of steroid hormone receptors in the ovary of Holstein cows gestated under different temperature-humidity index (THI) during their in utero development. Methods Animals were classified by their exposure to temperature-humidity index (THI) ≥72 during their development in utero according to date of birth or date of effective service of their mother. This study was not carried out under controlled conditions, but the conditions to which the cows were naturally exposed during their development were considered retrospectively, controlling the variables in the statistical analyses (age as a covariate, dairy farm as a random factor). Gestation was divided into two periods (P1 = days 0–150; and P2 = day 151 to calving) and three trimesters (T1 = days 0–90; T2 = days 91–180; and T3 = day 181 to calving), and the exposure to THI ≥72 was calculated in each one. The following characteristics were evaluated: gene expression of estrogen receptor (ESR) 1, ESR2 and progesterone receptor (PGR), CpG methylation in the 5′UTR of ESR1 and ESR2, and protein expression of ESR1, ESR2, PGR and coregulatory proteins in the dominant follicles of daughter cows in adulthood. Key results We found associations between heat stress variables during gestation and the methylation status of CpG sites in the 5′UTR of ESR1 and ESR2 in dominant follicles. Results also showed association between exposure to high THI values during intrauterine development and expression of ESR1, ESR2 and PGR and coregulatory proteins in dominant follicles of adult cows. Conclusions These results provide novel information about the impact of prenatal heat stress on molecular aspects at the ovary level in the offspring, during their adult life, which probably impacts the reproductive aspects of the herd.
Agreement in Kadu
Authors: Baerman Matthew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Krongo, a member of the Kadu family (Nuba Mountains, Sudan), has four agreement classes: feminine, masculine,
neuter and plural (Reh 1985). Nominal number-marking prefixes play a key role in class
assignment: productive plural prefixes trigger plural agreement, and productive singular prefixes trigger neuter agreement. In
most other Kadu languages, there is no distinction between plural and neuter classes. Comparative and typological evidence shows
that Krongo’s system represents the older state of affairs. It is argued that the motivation for the merger of these two classes
was a morphosyntactic abstraction over agreement rules. Two distinct rules, one for singular prefixes and one for plural prefixes,
were replaced by a single rule that assigned the same agreement class to all productive number prefixes, regardless of whether
they mark singular or plural. The result is the morphosyntactic mirror-image of an inverse number system, such as is found in, for
example, Dagaare (Grimm 2012).