bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet‐rich plasma versus carboxytherapy in the treatment of periorbital dark circles: A split‐face study
Authors: El‐Tahlawi Samar M. , Fawzy Marwa M. , El Maadawi Zeinab , Yasen Sara M. , Aboraia Nesreen M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeriorbital hyperpigmentation is a recurrent problem in dermatologic clinics that affect the patients' quality of life and their psychological status. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) may serve as a source of different growth factors which may reduce the pigmentation in this problem. Carboxytherapy is carbon dioxide infusion into human tissue for therapeutic purposes.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of PRP and carboxytherapy in the treatment of periorbital dark circles (PODC). Histopathological evaluation was also done.Patients and MethodsSplit‐face study of 23 patients with PODC treated with PRP at the right side and carboxytherapy at the left side. Patients received four sessions; one session/week. Final follow‐up evaluation was done 3 months after the last session by clinical and histopathological assessment.ResultsPRP showed significant better response (p = 0.002), shorter downtime, and tolerable side effects than caboxytherapy. Reduction in area percent of melanin after PRP injections showed 46.6% improvement, while after carboxytherapy, it showed only 14.3% improvement.ConclusionThe present study showed that PRP is more effective and tolerable than caboxytherapy in the treatment of PODC.
Loss of oral sensation impairs feeding performance and consistency of tongue–jaw coordination
Authors: Laurence‐Chasen Jeffrey D. , Arce‐McShane Fritzie I. , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. , Ross Callum F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with impaired oral sensation report difficulty chewing, but little is known about the underlying changes to tongue and jaw kinematics. Methodological challenges impede the measurement of 3D tongue movement and its relationship to the gape cycle.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to quantify the impact of loss of oral somatosensation on feeding performance, 3D tongue kinematics and tongue‐jaw coordination.MethodologyXROMM (X‐ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) was used to quantify 3D tongue and jaw kinematics during feeding in three rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) before and after an oral tactile nerve block. Feeding performance was measured using feeding sequence duration, number of manipulation cycles and swallow frequency. Coordination was measured using event‐ and correlation‐based metrics of jaw pitch, anterior tongue length, width and roll.ResultsIn the absence of tactile sensation to the tongue and other oral structures, feeding performance decreased, and the fast open phase of the gape cycle became significantly longer, relative to the other phases (p < .05). The tongue made similar shapes in both the control and nerve block conditions, but the pattern of tongue‐jaw coordination became significantly more variable after the block (p < .05).ConclusionDisruption of oral somatosensation impacts feeding performance by introducing variability into the typically tight pattern of tongue‐jaw coordination.
Prevalence and clinical features of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc‐associated epidural hemorrhage in dogs
Authors: Bridges Jenni , Windsor Rebecca , Stewart Samuel D. , Fuerher‐Senecal Lori , Khanna Chand 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc‐associated epidural hemorrhage (EH) in dogs is a poorly understood neurological condition.ObjectiveTo compare the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes, and clinical outcome of dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (TL‐IVDH) with and without EH.AnimalsOne hundred sixty client‐owned dogs that underwent MRI and hemilaminectomy for acute TL‐IVDH at a private practice in Colorado, including 63 dogs with EH and 97 dogs without EH.MethodsRetrospective review of medical record data from 160 dogs presenting sequentially to a single practice with acute TL‐IVDH that underwent MRI and hemilaminectomy surgery.ResultsSixty‐three of 160 (39%) dogs had confirmed EH. French Bulldogs were significantly overrepresented (23/63; odds ratio [OR]: 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8‐9.0; P < .001) of the EH cases. Dogs with EH were more likely to present with clinical signs less than 48 hours than were dogs without EH (24‐48 vs 48‐72 hours; OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2‐4.6; P = .02) and were more likely to be nonambulatory on presentation (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0‐4.1; P = .04). Dogs with EH were more likely to have <50% cross‐sectional spinal cord compression than dogs without EH (OR: 2.3 vs. 0.4; 95% CI: 1.2‐4.4 and 0.2‐0.9, respectively), longer longitudinal spinal cord compression (3 spaces vs 1 space, P < .001), and greater intrinsic spinal cord change (grade 3/severe vs grade 1/mild; P < .001) based on MRI. The location of the intervertebral disc herniation in French Bulldogs with EH was more likely to be thoracolumbar (OR: 10.8; 95% CI: 2.1‐55.7; P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFrench Bulldogs have a high prevalence of intervertebral disc‐associated EH. Dogs with EH have a shorter clinical course and are more likely to be nonambulatory on initial presentation.
Modeling and corpus methods in experimental philosophy
Authors: Chartrand Louis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch in experimental philosophy has increasingly been turning to corpus methods to produce evidence for empirical claims, as they open up new possibilities for testing linguistic claims or studying concepts across time and culture. The present article reviews the quasi‐experimental studies that have been done using textual data from corpora in philosophy, with an eye for the modeling and experimental design that enable statistical inference. I find that most studies forego comparisons that could control for confounds, and that only a little less than half employ statistical testing methods to control for chance results. Furthermore, at least some researchers make modeling decisions that either do not take into account the nature of corpora and of the word‐concept relationship, or undermine the experiment's capacity to answer research questions. I suggest that corpus methods could both provide more powerful evidence and gain more mainstream acceptance by improving their modeling practices.
Processing speed, but not working memory or global cognition, is associated with pupil diameter during fixation
Authors: Coors Annabell , Breteler Monique M. B. , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMean pupil size during fixation has been suggested to reflect interindividual differences in working memory and fluid intelligence. However, due to small samples with limited age range (17–35 years) and suboptimal light conditions in previous studies, these associations are still controversial and it is unclear whether they are observed at older ages. Therefore, we assessed whether interindividual differences in cognitive performance are reflected in pupil diameter during fixation and whether these associations are age‐dependent. We analyzed pupillometry and cognition data of 4560 individuals aged 30–95 years of the community‐based Rhineland Study. Pupillometry data were extracted from a one‐minute fixation task. The cognitive test battery included tests of oculomotor control, working memory, episodic verbal memory, processing speed, executive function, and crystallized intelligence. For data analysis, we used multivariable regression models. Working memory and global cognition were not associated with pupil diameter during fixation. Better processing speed performance was associated with larger pupil diameter during fixation. Associations between cognition and pupil diameter during fixation hardly varied with age, but pupil diameter during fixation declined linearly with age (adjusted decline: 0.33 mm per 10 years of age). There were no significant sex differences in pupil size. We conclude that interindividual differences in mean pupil diameter during fixation may partly reflect interindividual differences in the speed of processing and response generation. We could not confirm that interindividual differences in working memory and fluid intelligence are reflected in pupil size during fixation; however, our sample differed in age range from previous studies.
Inhalational exposures in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Presentation, pulmonary function and survival in the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lee Cathryn T. , Strek Mary E. , Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Wong Alyson W. , Assayag Deborah , Cox Gerard , Fell Charlene D. , Fisher Jolene H. , Gershon Andrea S. , Halayko Andrew J. , Hambly Nathan , Khalil Nasreen , Kolb Martin , Lok Stacey D. , Manganas Hélène , Marcoux Veronica , Morisset Julie , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Shapera Shane , To Teresa , Wilcox Pearce , Ryerson Christopher J. , Johannson Kerri A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveInhalational exposures are a known cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD), but little is understood about their prevalence across ILD subtypes and their relationship with pulmonary function and survival.MethodsPatients with fibrotic ILD were identified from the multicentre Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Patients completed questionnaires regarding ILD‐related occupational and environmental exposures. The relationship between exposures and the outcomes of baseline age, gender, family history, pulmonary function and survival was analysed using linear and logistic regression models, linear mixed‐effect regression models and survival analysis using multivariable Cox proportional hazards along with the log‐rank test.ResultsThere were 3820 patients included in this study, with 2385 (62%) having ILD‐related inhalational exposure. Exposed patients were younger, particularly in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subgroup. Inhalational exposure was associated with male gender (adjusted OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.28–1.68, p < 0.001) and family history of pulmonary fibrosis (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.40–2.15, p < 0.001). Patients with any inhalational exposure had improved transplant‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.92, p = 0.001); this effect persisted across diagnostic subtypes. The relationship between exposures and annual change in forced vital capacity varied by ILD subtype.ConclusionPatients with fibrotic ILD report high prevalence of inhalational exposures across ILD subtypes. These exposures were associated with younger age at diagnosis, male gender and family history of pulmonary fibrosis. Identification of an inhalational exposure was associated with a survival benefit. These findings suggest that inhaled exposures may impact clinical outcomes in patients with ILD, and future work should characterize the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Contemporary Concise Review 2021: Interstitial lung disease
Authors: McCarthy Cormac , Keane Michael P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe last 2 years have presented previously unforeseen challenges in pulmonary medicine. Despite the significant impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on patients, clinicians and communities, advances in the care and understanding of interstitial lung disease (ILD) continued unabated. Recent studies have led to improved guidelines, better understanding of the role for antifibrotics in fibrosing ILDs, prognostic indicators and novel biomarkers. In this concise contemporary review, we summarize many of the important studies published in 2021, highlighting their relevance and impact to the management and knowledge of ILD.
Predicting Epidemics and the Impact of Interventions in Heterogeneous Settings: Standard SEIR Models are too Pessimistic
Authors: Coffeng Luc E. , Vlas Sake J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe basic reproduction number (R0) is an established concept to describe the potential for an infectious disease to cause an epidemic and to derive estimates of the required effect of interventions for successful control. Calculating R0 from simple deterministic transmission models may result in biased estimates when important sources of heterogeneity related to transmission and control are ignored. Using stochastic simulations with a geographically stratified individual-based SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) model, we illustrate that if heterogeneity is ignored (i.e. no or too little assumed interindividual variation or assortative mixing) this may substantially overestimate the transmission rate and the potential course of the epidemic. Consequently, predictions for the impact of interventions then become relatively pessimistic. However, should such an intervention be suspended, then the potential for a consecutive epidemic wave will depend strongly on assumptions about heterogeneity, with more heterogeneity resulting in lower remaining epidemic potential, due to selection and depletion of high-risk individuals during the early stages of the epidemic. These phenomena have likely also affected current model predictions regarding COVID-19, as most transmission models assume homogeneous mixing or at most employ a simple age stratification, thereby leading to overcautious predictions of durations of lockdowns and required vaccine coverage levels.
Poverty and self‐rated health in later life: The mediating role of material hardship
Authors: Li Yang , Mutchler Jan E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivePoverty and material hardship have both been linked to negative health outcomes in later life. Yet, limited research investigates their combined associations with health. We examined the mediating role of material hardship in the association between poverty and self‐rated health.MethodsUsing data from the Understanding America Study, we estimated binary and ordered logistic regression models of self‐rated health, including indicators of hardship and income‐to‐poverty ratios for adults aged 50 years or older (N = 2862).ResultsWe found that the association between income poverty and self‐rated health was mediated by indicators of material hardship among those with incomes between two and four times the official poverty threshold.ConclusionInterventions to improve health in later life would benefit from efforts to assess and alleviate hardship, with attention to those in the middle range of the income distribution who have income too high to qualify for needs‐based supports while still being at risk of experiencing hardship.
An Average Flow Model Considering Non-Newtonian Characteristics With Application to Grease Behavior
Authors: Wu Miaojie , Han Xu , Tao Yourui , Pei Jiaxing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the application scope of the average flow model is extended to grease lubrication considering the non-Newtonian characteristics. First, flow factor expressions applicable to both Newtonian fluids and non-Newtonian fluids are derived. Then, a model problem is established by coupling the Reynolds governing equation, film thickness function, and boundary conditions and solved for the flow factor. Fit the result into empirical relations for conveniently using in the grease lubrication analysis. Finally, the influence of several parameters on the flow factor is studied. The results demonstrate that the film thickness ratio, rheological index, and surface elastic deformation have a significant effect on the flow factor, and the influence law is affected by the orientation of the surface roughness.
Fat-Free Mass Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis as an Alternative to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Calculating Energy Availability in Female Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Ramos Ivy Evangelista , Coelho Gabriela Morgado , Lanzillotti Haydée Serrão , Marini Elisabetta , Koury Josely Correa 
Published: May 2022

Energy availability (EA) is calculated by subtracting exercise energy expenditure from energy intake, adjusted for fat-free mass (FFM) obtained using accurate methods, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Unlike DXA, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is low in cost, simple and easy to carry out. This study aimed to test the concordance between the calculation of EA using FFM values from four BIA predictive equations and FFM obtained using DXA in female adolescent athletes (n = 94), recruited via social media. Paired Student’s t test, Wilcoxon test, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, root mean square error, limits of agreement, and mean absolute percentage error were used to evaluate agreement between the FFM values obtained by the four SF-BIA predictive equations and DXA. Regression linear analysis was used to determine the relation between FFM values obtained using DXA and the BIA predictive equations. Standardized residuals of the FFM and EA were calculated considering DXA values as reference. The most appropriate model for the FFM (limits of agreement = 4.0/−2.6 kg, root mean square error = 1.9 kg, mean absolute percentage error = 4.34%, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient = .926) and EA (limits of agreement = 2.51/4.4 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1, root mean square error = 1.8 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1, mean absolute percentage error 4.24%, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient = .992) was the equation with sexual maturity as a variable, while the equation with the greatest age variability was the one with the lowest agreement. FFM-BIA predictive equations can be used to calculate EA of female adolescent athletes. However, the equation should be chosen considering sex, age, and maturation status. In the case of athletes, researchers should use equations developed for this group.
Restrictive Eating and Prior Low-Energy Fractures Are Associated With History of Multiple Bone Stress Injuries
Authors: Gehman Sarah , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Caksa Signe , Rudolph Sara E. , Hughes Julie M. , Garrahan Margaret , Tenforde Adam S. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Popp Kristin L. 
Published: May 2022

Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are common among athletes and have high rates of recurrence. However, risk factors for multiple or recurrent BSIs remain understudied. Thus, we aimed to explore whether energy availability, menstrual function, measures of bone health, and a modified Female Athlete Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA) tool are associated with a history of multiple BSIs. We enrolled 51 female runners (ages 18–36 years) with history of ≤1 BSI (controls; n = 31) or ≥3 BSIs (multiBSI; n = 20) in this cross-sectional study. We measured lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck areal bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone material strength index using impact microindentation, and volumetric bone mineral density, microarchitecture, and estimated strength by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Participants completed questionnaires regarding medical history, low-energy fracture history, and disordered eating attitudes. Compared with controls, multiBSI had greater incidence of prior low-energy fractures (55% vs. 16%, p = .005) and higher modified Triad CRA scores (2.90 ± 2.05 vs. 1.84 ± 1.59, p = .04). Those with multiBSI had higher Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (0.92 ± 1.03 vs. 0.46 ± 0.49, p = .04) scores and a greater percentage difference between lowest and highest body mass at their current height (15.5% ± 6.5% vs. 11.5% ± 4.9% p = .02). These preliminary findings indicate that women with a history of multiple BSIs suffered more prior low-energy fractures and have greater historical and current estimates of energy deficit compared with controls. Our results provide strong rationale for future studies to examine whether subclinical indicators of energy deficit contribute to risk for multiple BSIs in female runners.
Fingerprinting the metal source and cycling of the world’s largest antimony deposit in Xikuangshan, China
Authors: Long Zheng-Yu , Qiu Kun-Feng , Santosh M. , Yu Hao-Cheng , Jiang Xiang-Yong , Zou Li-Qun , Tang Dai-Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Xikuangshan antimony (Sb) deposit is the largest Sb deposit in the world; however, the metal source and cycling and a holistic understanding of the deposit genesis remain equivocal. Sulfur isotope signatures offer a means of fingerprinting different sources in a hydrothermal deposit, although one must be careful to rule out subsequent isotope fractionation during fluid ascent, mixing, and ore precipitation. Here, we investigated the sulfur isotope composition of stibnite occurring at depth in the Xikuangshan deposit to distinguish the isotopic signals from the source and the superimposed imprint from near-surface–derived sulfur mixing or isotopic fractionation. All stibnites from the deep orebodies displayed limited δ34S variation from +6.8‰ to +8.4‰, despite their widely varying depths. These results provide direct evidence that δ34S values measured in deep orebodies are representative of the isotopic composition of initial fluids. The most likely factor controlling the variation of the sulfur isotopes in shallow stibnites (+3.5‰ to +16.3‰) is a series of hydrothermal processes, including Rayleigh fractionation during ore precipitation, fluid boiling induced by pressure release, and/or local input of pyrite from wall rocks via fluid-rock interaction. Accordingly, we conclude that the Neoproterozoic basement served as the metal source. We propose a holistic genetic model wherein we envisage that Sb and S were leached from the basement rocks, and the ore-bearing fluids ascended along a deep fault and eventually precipitated beneath the Devonian shale cap. Thus, sulfur isotopic systematics represent a powerful repository for interrogating the metal source and cycling in the hydrothermal ore system.
Claspers in the mid-CambrianOlenoides serratusindicate horseshoe crab–like mating in trilobites
Authors: Losso Sarah R. , Ortega-Hernández Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSexual reproduction represents a fundamental aspect of animal biology, but the diversity of reproductive strategies among early Paleozoic metazoans remains obscure. Direct evidence of reproductive strategies comes from exceptionally preserved egg masses in Cambrian and Ordovician euarthropods such as waptiids and trilobites, but anatomical or behavioral adaptations for mating in these taxa are all but unknown. We demonstrate the presence of functionally specialized appendages in the mid-Cambrian (Wuliuan) Burgess Shale trilobite Olenoides serratus. New material of O. serratus preserves significantly modified and reduced endopodites underneath the seventh thoracic and first pygidial tergites. Comparison with extant euarthropods indicates that these specialized limbs are functional analogs to claspers, which are used by sexually mature males to grasp females prior to or during mating. The claspers in O. serratus were most likely used by the male to hold onto the posterior pygidial spines of the female during amplex, similar to the strategy observed in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. The new appendicular data from O. serratus provide the first direct evidence for trilobite sexual dimorphism based on the non-biomineralized ventral anatomy. Our findings illuminate the reproductive biology of trilobites and indicate that complex mating behaviors observed in extant euarthropods originated during the Cambrian explosion.