bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Transurethral 2 μm Laser Bladder Lesion Mucosal En Bloc Resection in the Treatment of Cystitis Glandularis
Authors: Zhao Changyuan , Wang Kexin , Men Chao , Xin Yue , Xia Haibo 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo study the safety and feasibility of transurethral bladder lesion mucosal en bloc resection with 2 μm laser for cystitis glandularis.MethodsFrom July 2018 to July 2019, 58 patients with cystitis glandularis received surgical treatment were selected. All patients in this study were randomly divided into experimental group (transurethral 2 μm laser bladder lesion mucosal en bloc resection) and control group (traditional transurethral resection of bladder lesion mucosal). By analyzing the perioperative and follow-up clinical data of these two operation procedures, we discuss the efficacy and safety of transurethral 2 μm laser bladder lesion mucosal en bloc resection in the treatment of cystitis glandularis.ResultsPatients of two groups received operation successfully without serious complications such as bladder perforation. Compared with the experimental group, the laser treated group hadless bleeding in operation, shorter post-operative catheter indwelling time. These differences were statistically significant. No significant difference existed between two groups in terms of operative time, Bladder flushing time, irritation symptoms of bladder.ConclusionTransurethral 2 μm laser bladder lesion mucosal en bloc resection is safe and effective for the treatment of cystitis glandularis, and it is worthy of further clinical application.
Computed Tomography Density and β-Amyloid Deposition of Intraorbital Optic Nerve May Assist in Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A 18F-Flutemetamol Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Wu Han , Lei Zhe , Ou Yinghui , Shi Xin , Xu Qian , Shi Keqing , Ding Jing , Zhao Qianhua , Wang Xiuzhe , Cai Xiaolong , Liu Xueyuan , Lou Jingjing , Liu Xingdang 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe aim was to study whether the computed tomography (CT) density and β-amyloid (Aβ) level of intraorbital optic nerve could assist in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodsA total of sixty subjects were recruited in our study, including nine normal control (NC) subjects (i.e., 4 men and 5 women), twenty four MCI subjects (i.e., 11 men and 13 women), and twenty seven AD subjects (i.e., 14 men and 13 women). All subjects conducted 18F-flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. Blinded to the clinical information of the subjects, two physicians independently measured and calculated the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of the bilateral occipital cortex, SUVR of the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve, and CT density of the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve by using GE AW 4.5 Workstation.ResultsBetween AD and NC groups, the differences of the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve SUVR were statistically significant; between AD and MCI groups, the differences of the left intraorbital optic nerve SUVR were statistically significant. Between any two of the three groups, the differences in the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve density were statistically significant. The bilateral occipital SUVR was positively correlated with the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve SUVR and negatively correlated with the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve density. Bilateral intraorbital optic nerve SUVR was negatively correlated with the bilateral intraorbital optic nerve density. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of multiple logistic regression was 0.9167 (for MCI vs. NC) and 0.8951 (for AD vs. MCI). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were positively associated with the intraorbital optic nerve density and were negatively associated with the intraorbital optic nerve SUVR. The regression equation of MoCA was y = 16.37-0.9734 × x1 + 0.5642 × x2-3.127 × x3 + 0.0275 × x4; the R2 was 0.848. The regression equation of MMSE was y = 19.57-1.633 × x1 + 0.4397 × x2-1.713 × x3 + 0.0424 × x4; the R2 was 0.827.ConclusionThe CT density and Aβ deposition of the intraorbital optic nerve were associated with Aβ deposition of the occipital cortex and the severity of cognitive impairment. The intraorbital optic nerve CT density and intraorbital optic nerve Aβ deposition could assist in diagnosing MCI and AD.
Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Imaging Features of Craniocervical Artery Dissection: Spontaneous CAD vs. Minor Traumatic CAD
Authors: Xu Dan , Wu Yongjun , Li Jingjing , Xing Shihui , Chen Hongbing , Chen Xinran , Tan Yan , Zhou Kun , Zhang Guofen , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2022

Background and ObjectivesCraniocervical artery dissection (CAD) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. The etiologies of CAD can be classified into three types, such as spontaneous (sCAD), minor traumatic (mtCAD), and genetic origin. Recent studies indicated that clinical presentations and imaging features could guide management and inform prognosis. This retrospective analysis sought to compare the clinical and imaging features of sCAD vs. mtCAD in providing evidence-based advice on medical treatment, functional rehabilitation, secondary stroke prevention, and prognosis, ultimately formulating clinical guidelines in managing CAD.MethodsIn total, 148 patients with CAD were identified from the medical records database and subdivided into sCAD and mtCAD based on the clinical presentations and imaging features. A retrospective comparative analysis was performed according to their clinical presentations and imaging features.ResultsPatients with mtCAD are significantly younger than sCAD with 120 cases of sCAD average aged 43.61 ± 12.75, while 28 cases of mtCAD average aged 35.68 ± 14.54. Patients with mtCAD had more cases of neck pain compared to sCAD. Patients with mtCAD had more cases of CAD at extracranial locations compared to sCAD. Patients with mtCAD had more cases of multiple site dissection compared to sCAD. Double lumen and intramural haematoma are the most common imaging findings with mtCAD patients having statistical significantly more cases of intramural haematoma and long tapering stenosis.ConclusionPatients with mtCAD were presented at a much younger age with symptoms of neck pain compared to sCAD. Patients with mtCAD predominantly presented at extracranial sites with more prominent features of multiple site dissection, intramural haematoma, and long tapering stenosis. These clinical and imaging features can translate into clinical practice guidelines for patients with CAD to improve the optimal functional outcome and reduce both morbidity and mortality.
The Differential Effects of Tai Chi vs. Brisk Walking on Cognitive Function Among Individuals Aged 60 and Greater
Authors: Yu Ye , Zuo Erfei , Doig Scott 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the differential effects of Tai Chi vs. brisk walking on cognitive function among individuals aged 60 and greater.Patients and MethodsFor participant recruitment, a health talk was arranged at two communities in which two different exercise modalities (Tai Chi and brisk walking) were assigned to participants of each community free of charge. The intervention programs lasted 10 weeks, with three 60-min training sessions per week. General cognitive ability and specific cognitive outcomes were measured using the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).ResultsA significant interaction on total scores of the MoCA was observed (F = 11.15, p &lt; 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated significant improvements on general cognitive performance as measured in performance on the MoCA for both exercise groups at the end of 10 weeks. A significant interaction was only observed on the delayed recall sub-domain (F = 12.93, p &lt; 0.001). Results from post hoc analysis indicate that the Tai Chi group had a significantly better memory performance relative to brisk walking group (p &lt; 0.05). Specifically, significant improvement was observed in Tai Chi group (p &lt; 0.05), but not in the brisk walking group. Both exercise groups demonstrated significant improvements from baseline to Week 10, which emerged in visualspatial ability (p &lt; 0.05) and attention performance (p &lt; 0.001). Lastly, animal naming and orientation significantly benefited from brisk walking (p &lt; 0.05) and Tai Chi training (p &lt; 0.05), respectively.ConclusionTai Chi and brisk walking as the most commonly used, culture-specific mind-body exercise method have been proven to be effective in improving general cognitive performance and specific cognitive domains. Furthermore, differential effects of two different exercise modalities on cognitive domains were observed, which has provided insightful information for customized exercise programs. Finally, aging individuals who are experiencing cognitive decline should either take Tai Chi classes regularly or engage in brisk walking, which could contribute to brain health.
PEGASO e-Diary: User Engagement and Dietary Behavior Change of a Mobile Food Record for Adolescents
Authors: Caon Maurizio , Prinelli Federica , Angelini Leonardo , Carrino Stefano , Mugellini Elena , Orte Silvia , Serrano José C. E. , Atkinson Sarah , Martin Anne , Adorni Fulvio 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundObesity amongst children and adolescents is becoming a major health problem globally and mobile food records can play a crucial role in promoting healthy dietary habits.ObjectiveTo describe the methodology for the implementation of the e-Diary mobile food record, to assess its capability in promoting healthy eating habits, to evaluate the factors associated with its usage and engagement.MethodsThis is a descriptive study that compared the characteristics of participants engaged in the e-Diary, which was part of the PEGASO project in which an app to provide proactive health promotion was given to 365 students at 4 European sites enrolled during October to December 2016: England (UK), Scotland (UK), Lombardy (Italy), and Catalonia (Spain). The e-Diary tracked the users' dietary habits in terms of food groups, dietary indexes, and 6 dietary target behaviors relating to consumption of: fruit; vegetable; breakfast; sugar-sweetened beverages; fast-food; and snacks. The e-Diary provided also personalized suggestions for the next meal and gamification.ResultsThe e-Diary was used for 6 months by 357 adolescents (53.8% females). The study showed that females used the e-Diary much more than males (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6–8.8). Participants aged 14 years were more engaged in the e-Diary than older age groups (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 1.4–18.8) as were those with a very good/excellent self-perceived health status compared to their peers with fair/poor health perception (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.3–13.3). Compared to the intervention sites, those living in Catalonia (aOR 13.2 95% CI 2.5–68.8) were more engaged. In terms of behavior change, a significant positive correlation between fruit (p &lt; 0.0001) and vegetables (p = 0.0087) intake was observed in association with increased engagement in the e-Diary. Similarly, adolescents who used the app for more than 2 weeks had significantly higher odds of not skipping breakfast over the study period (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0–6.3).ConclusionsThe users highly engaged with the e-Diary were associated with improved dietary behaviors: increased consumption of fruit and vegetables and reduced skipping of breakfast. Although the overall usage of the e-Diary was high during the first weeks, it declined thereafter. Future applications should foster user engagement, particularly targeting adolescents at high risk.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02930148.
Development of a Risk Assessment Model for Early Grade ≥ 3 Infection During the First 3 Months in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Multiple Myeloma Based on a Multicenter, Real-World Analysis in China
Authors: Shang Yufeng , Wang Weida , Liang Yuxing , Kaweme Natasha Mupeta , Wang Qian , Liu Minghui , Chen Xiaoqin , Xia Zhongjun , Zhou Fuling 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe study aimed to assess factors associated with early infection and identify patients at high risk of developing infection in multiple myeloma.MethodsThe study retrospectively analyzed patients with MM seen at two medical centers between January 2013 and June 2019. One medical center reported 745 cases, of which 540 of the cases were available for analysis and were further subdivided into training cohort and internal validation cohort. 169 cases from the other medical center served as an external validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was used for data dimension reduction, feature selection, and model building.ResultsBacteria and the respiratory tract were the most common pathogen and localization of infection, respectively. In the training cohort, PS≥2, HGB&lt;35g/L of the lower limit of normal range, β2MG≥6.0mg/L, and GLB≥2.1 times the upper limit of normal range were identified as factors associated with early grade ≥ 3 infections by Lasso regression. An infection risk model of MM (IRMM) was established to define high-, moderate- and low-risk groups, which showed significantly different rates of infection in the training cohort (46.5% vs. 22.1% vs. 8.8%, p&lt;0.0001), internal validation cohort (37.9% vs. 24.1% vs. 13.0%, p=0.009) and external validation cohort (40.0% vs. 29.2% vs. 8.5%, p=0.0003). IRMM displayed good calibration (p&lt;0.05) and discrimination with AUC values of 0.76, 0.67 and 0.71 in the three cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, IRMM still showed good classification ability in immunomodulatory (IMiD) based regimens, proteasome-inhibitors (PI) based regimens and combined IMiD and PI regimens.ConclusionIn this study, we determined risk factors for early grade ≥ 3 infection and established a predictive model to help clinicians identify MM patients with high-risk infection.
Development and Validation of a Novel Prognostic Model for Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Integrating Tumor Burden and Comorbidities
Authors: Jia Shuangshuang , Bi Lei , Chu Yuping , Liu Xiao , Feng Juan , Xu Li , Zhang Tao , Gu Hongtao , Yang Lan , Bai Qingxian , Liang Rong , Tian Biao , Gao Yaya , Tang Hailong , Gao Guangxun 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous disease with enormously variable outcomes. It remains to be a major challenge to conduct a more precise estimation of the survival of MM patients. The existing stratifications attached less importance to the prognostic significance of comorbidities. In the present study, we aimed to develop and validate a novel and simple prognostic stratification integrating tumor burden and comorbidities measured by HCT-CI.MethodWe retrospectively enrolled 385 consecutive newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients in Xijing Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020. The cohort between January 2016 and December 2020 was selected as development cohort (N = 233), and the cohort between January 2013 and December 2015 was determined as validation cohort (N = 152). By using LASSO analysis and univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses, we developed the MM-BHAP model in the way of nomogram composed of β2-MG, HCT-CI, ALB, and PBPC. We internally and externally validated the MM-BHAP model and compared it with ISS stage and R-ISS stage.ResultsThe MM-BHAP model was superior to the ISS stage and partially better than the R-ISS stage according to time-dependent AUC, time-dependent C-index, DCA, IDI, and continuous NRI analyses. In predicting OS, only the MM-BHAP stratification clearly divided patients into three groups while both the ISS stage and R-ISS stage had poor classifications in patients with stage I and stage II. Moreover, the MM-BHAP stratification and the R-ISS stage performed well in predicting PFS, but not for the ISS stage. Besides, the MM-BHAP model was also applied to the patients with age ≤65 or age &gt;65 and with or without HRCA and could enhance R-ISS or ISS classifications.ConclusionsOur study offered a novel simple MM-BHAP stratification containing tumor burden and comorbidities to predict outcomes in the real-world unselected NDMM population.
XGboost Prediction Model Based on 3.0T Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI BiRADS 4 Masses
Authors: Tang Wan , Zhou Han , Quan Tianhong , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhang Huanian , Lin Yan , Wu Renhua 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe malignant probability of MRI BiRADS 4 breast lesions ranges from 2% to 95%, leading to unnecessary biopsies. The purpose of this study was to construct an optimal XGboost prediction model through a combination of DKI independently or jointly with other MR imaging features and clinical characterization, which was expected to reduce false positive rate of MRI BiRADS 4 masses and improve the diagnosis efficiency of breast cancer.Methods120 patients with 158 breast lesions were enrolled. DKI, Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI), Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were performed on a 3.0-T scanner. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and χ2 test were used to compare patient’s clinical characteristics, mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), total choline (tCho) peak, extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve), flux rate constant (Kep) and volume transfer constant (Ktrans). ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic performances of the imaging parameters. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of imaging parameters with prognostic factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selectionator operator (lasso) and the area under the curve (AUC) of imaging parameters were used to select discriminative features for differentiating the breast benign lesions from malignant ones. Finally, an XGboost prediction model was constructed based on the discriminative features and its diagnostic efficiency was verified in BiRADS 4 masses.ResultsMK derived from DKI performed better for differentiating between malignant and benign lesions than ADC, MD, tCho, Kep and Ktrans (p &lt; 0.05). Also, MK was shown to be more strongly correlated with histological grade, Ki-67 expression and lymph node status. MD, MK, age, shape and menstrual status were selected to be the optimized feature subsets to construct an XGboost model, which exhibited superior diagnostic ability for breast cancer characterization and an improved evaluation of suspicious breast tumors in MRI BiRADS 4.ConclusionsDKI is promising for breast cancer diagnosis and prognostic factor assessment. An optimized XGboost model that included DKI, age, shape and menstrual status is effective in improving the diagnostic accuracy of BiRADS 4 masses.
Analgesic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Pilot Study
Authors: Tang Ying , Chen Han , Zhou Yi , Tan Ming-liang , Xiong Shuang-long , Li Yan , Ji Xiao-hui , Li Yong-sheng 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveCurrent pharmacological intervention for the cancer-related pain is still limited. The aim of this study was to explore whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could be an effective adjuvant therapy to reduce pain in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThis was a randomized, sham–controlled study. A total of 41 advanced NSCLC patients with uncontrolled pain (score≥4 on pain intensity assessed with an 11-point numeric rating scale) were randomized to receive active (10 Hz, 2000 stimuli) (n = 20) or sham rTMS (n = 20) for 3 weeks. Pain was the primary outcome and was assessed with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Secondary outcomes were oral morphine equivalent (OME) daily dose, quality of life (WHO Quality of Life-BREF), and psychological distress (the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale). All outcomes were measured at baseline, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks.ResultsThe pain intensity in both groups decreased gradually from day 3 and decreased to the lowest at the week 3, with a decrease rate of 41.09% in the rTMS group and 23.23% in the sham group. The NRS score of the rTMS group was significantly lower than that of the sham group on the week 2 (p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d =1.135) and week 3 (p=0.017, Cohen’s d = -0.822). The OME daily dose, physiology and psychology domains of WHOQOL-BREF scores, as well as the HAM-A and HAM-D scores all were significantly improved at week 3 in rTMS group.ConclusionAdvanced NSCL patients with cancer pain treated with rTMS showed better greater pain relief, lower dosage of opioid, and better mood states and quality of life. rTMS is expected to be a new effective adjuvant therapy for cancer pain in advanced NSCLC patients.
Fruquintinib Enhances the Antitumor Immune Responses of Anti-Programmed Death Receptor-1 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Qingli , Cheng Xiaojiao , Zhou Cong , Tang Yao , Li Fuli , Zhang Baiwen , Huang Tinglei , Wang Jianzheng , Tu Shuiping 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundProgrammed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade shows little benefit in patients with microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS-CRC). Fruquintinib is a China-made anti-angiogenic drug which is approved for the third line therapy in mCRC. This study investigates the effect of the combination of fruquintinib and PD-1 blockade on MSS-CRC and its relative mechanisms.MethodsThe mouse allograft tumor models that represent MSS and microsatellite instability (MSI) CRC were established using murine CT26 and MC38 colon cancer cells, respectively, to assess the treatment efficacy. The percentages of immune cells were detected in the peripheral blood, spleen and tumor tissues in the tumor-bearing mice by flow cytometry analysis. Angiogenesis in tumor tissues was detected by immunofluorescence. The safety of drug treatment was evaluated by histopathology analysis in murine main organs. The efficacy of the combination of fruquintinib and sintilimab were verified in the treatment of MSS-CRC patients.ResultsOur results showed that the combination of fruquintinib and sintilimab exhibited the strongest inhibition of tumor growth and achieved the longest survival time in mice bearing MC38 or CT26 xenograft tumors, compared to fruquintinib and sintilimab alone. Mechanistically, the combination of fruquintinib and sintilimab reduced angiogenesis, reprogramed the vascular structure, enhanced the infiltration of CD8+T cells (p&lt;0.05), CD8+TNFα+ (p&lt;0.05) T cells and CD8+IFNγ+ (p&lt;0.05) T cells and reduced the ratios of MDSCs and macrophages in mice. There was no obvious toxicity observed in the main organs of the tumor-bearing mice with the combined treatment. Moreover, the treatment using the combination of fruquintinib and sintilimab achieved effective response in five patients with refractory advanced MSS CRC.ConclusionOur results show that the combination of fruquintinib and sintilimab greatly inhibits CRC growth by altering tumor immune microenvironment. This study provides the rational for using the combination of fruquintinib and anti-PD-1 antibody for the treatment of advanced CRC.