bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
Authors: Tekin Huseyin Ozan , ALMisned Ghada , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Zamil Abdallah , Khoucheich Dalia , Bilal Ghaida , Al-Sammarraie Lubna , Issa Shams A. M. , Al-Buriahi Mohammed Sultan , Ene Antoaneta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the nuclear radiation shielding properties of erbium (Er)-reinforced and samarium (Sm)-reinforced borate glasses. In the 0.015–15 MeV photon energy range, attenuation coefficients, as well as half-value layer tenth-value layers, and the mean-free path have been calculated. Additionally, effective, and equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic weight, electron density, and exposure and energy absorption build-up factors were also calculated. To evaluate the overall nuclear radiation attenuation competencies of Er-rich and Sm-rich glasses, effective removal cross-section values for fast neutrons and projected range/mass stopping power values for alpha and proton particles were also determined. The glass sample BZBEr2.0 had the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients (µandµm), effective conductivity (Ceff), the effective number of electrons (Neff), and effective atomic number (Zeff) values as well as the lowest half-value layer (T1/2), tenth value layers (T1/10), mean free path (λ), exposure build-up factor, and energy absorption build-up factor values.µmvalues were reported as 2.337, 2.556, 2.770, 2.976, 2.108, 2.266, 2.421, 2.569, and 2.714 for BZBEr0.5, BZBEr1.0, BZBEr1.5, BZBEr2.0, BZBSm0.0, BZBSm0.5, BZBSm1.0, BZBSm1.5, and BZBSm2.0 glass samples at 0.06 MeV, respectively. The results showed that Er has a greater effect than Sm regarding the gamma-ray shielding properties of borate glasses. The results of this investigation could be used in further investigations and added to older investigations with the same aim, to aid the scientific community in determining the most appropriate rare-earth additive, to provide adequate shielding properties based on the requirement.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Mg–Nd system
Authors: Guo Cuiping , Du Zhenmin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Mg–Nd system was critically assessed by means of the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, body-centered cubic, double hexagonal close-packed and hexagonal close-packed) were modeled with the Redlich –Kister equation. The intermetallic compounds Mg41Nd5, Mg3Nd and MgNd, which have a homogeneity range, were treated as the formulae (Mg, Nd)41(Mg, Nd)5, Mg3(Mg, Nd) and Mg(Mg, Nd) by a two-sublattice model with Mg and Nd or Mg on the first sublattice, and Mg and Nd on the second one, respectively. The compound Mg2Nd was treated as a stoichiometric compound. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Mg–Nd system was obtained.
Solid-state reaction in Ni/Si multilayered films, characterized by magneto-optical and optical spectroscopies
Authors: Lee Young Pak , Kim Jin Bae , Yoo Young Joon , Kudryavtsev Yuri V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Solid-state reactions, induced by ion-beam mixing (IBM) and thermal annealing, in Ni/Si multilayered films (MLF) with an overall stoichiometry of Ni2Si, NiSi and NiSi2, and with a constant Ni sublayer thickness (nominally, 3.0 nm), were studied by optical and magneto-optical spectroscopies as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). The layer mixing was performed with Ar+ ions of an energy of 80 keV and a dose of 1.5 × 1016 Ar+/cm2. It was shown that the IBM leads to structural changes in the Ni/Si MLF, which cannot be easily detected by XRD but are recognized by optical tools. An annealing at 1073 K of the Ni/Si MLF with an overall stoichiometry of NiSi and NiSi2 induces formation of predominantly the η-NiSi and the NiSi2 phases, respectively. IBM of all the investigated Ni/Si MLF leads to the formation of regions with a short-range order of the crystalline NiSi silicide, and of Ni2Si (and/or Ni3Si) additionally for the Ni/Si MLF with an overall stoichiometry of Ni2Si.
Effects of an electric field applied during the solution heat treatment of the Al–Mg –Si–Cu alloy AA6111 on the subsequent natural aging kinetics and tensile properties
Authors: Jung Jung , Conrad Hans 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effects of an external dc electric field of 0 – 5 kV/cm, applied at 475 – 550 °C during solution heat treatment (SHT) to AA6111, on the subsequent natural aging kinetics and volume fraction of precipitated clusters were determined employing resistivity. The field increased the asquenched resistivity and that during natural aging, the effect being significant from 0 to ≈0.5 kV/cm and increasing only slightly, if at all, thereafter. An Avrami-type analysis of the natural aging kinetics gave n = 0.59 ± 0.2 and k = (1.2 ± 0.8) · 10– 2 min –1, relatively independent of SHT temperature and field strength. The field increased the volume fraction of precipitated clusters which occurred during natural aging. This was attributed to the increase in solubility during SHT produced by the field. Tensile properties equivalent to those obtained by the SHT at 550 °C without a field were obtained at 500 °C with a field of only 200 V/cm, representing a reduction of 50 °C in the nominal SHT temperature.
From waste to high strength alloy – recycling of magnesium chips
Authors: Lu L. , Lai M. O. , Lim S. H. , Chua B. W. , Yan C. , Ye L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ultrafine grained magnesium alloy was synthesized via mechanical milling of AZ91 chips. Mechanical property measurement revealed enhanced yield strength of 470 MPa after mechanical milling. The increase in yield strength is associated with reduction in grain size which restricts twining and dislocation gliding. The present investigation demonstrates that magnesium alloys can be cost-effectively recycled through the process of mechanical milling.
Experimental and theoretical characterization of Al3Sc precipitates in Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Sc–Zr alloys
Authors: Lityńska Lidia , Dutkiewicz Jan , Parliński Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The structure of Al3Sc precipitates in Al –Mg– Si–Cu – Sc –Zr alloys annealed at 450 °C was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Al3Sc particles contain mainly Sc and small amounts of Zr, Si, and Cu. The addition of Zr limits the size of the Al3Sc precipitates to about 10– 30 nm, and these precipitates are coherent with the matrix. Density functional energy calculations showed that exceptionally small energies are required to dissolve Zr and Cu in Sc and Al sublattices, respectively. On the contrary, Cu, Mg, and Si are difficult to be dissolved in the Sc sublattice.
Evolution of the mixed-mode character of solid-state phase transformations in metals involving solute partitioning
Authors: Sietsma Jilt , Mecozzi M. Giuseppina , Bohemen Stefan M. C. van , Zwaag Sybrand van der 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Partitioning phase transformations in the solid state are principally subjected to two processes that take place: the redistribution, through long-range diffusion, of the partitioning element, and the lattice transformation taking place at the interface. Consequently, the usual approximation to consider one of these two processes as controlling the rate of the phase transformation is of limited accuracy. For a more accurate description, the so-called mixed-mode character of partitioning phase transformations is to be taken into account. In the present study, it is shown that the mixed-mode character can be quantified and that it has a significant effect on the kinetics. By means of examples involving either substitutional (Mo in Ti) or interstitial (C in Fe) partitioning elements, it is shown that a gradual change of the character of the transformation occurs during the phase transformation, shifting from initially interface-controlled (which implies the largest interface velocity) towards more diffusion-controlled.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of the Mg–Al-rich region of the Mg–Al–Sr System
Authors: Cao Hongbo , Zhu Jun , Zhang Chuan , Wu Kaisheng , Saddock Nicholas D. , Wayne Jones J. , Pollock Tresa M. , Schmid-Fetzer Rainer , Austin Chang Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A thermodynamic description of the Mg–Al – Sr ternary in the Mg– Al-rich region was developed based on the microstructures, the crystal structures and compositions of the phases in three samples in the as-cast and 673 K annealed states. The gross compositions of the three alloys were identified for investigation based on a calculated isotherm using the description obtained from those of the constituent binaries via extrapolation. The calculated liquidus projection using the developed description was found to be consistent with the primary phases of solidification obtained from two additional alloys in the as-cast state. In addition, the model-calculated isotherm and liquidus projection are able to rationalize results reported in a recent publication for this ternary. This paper demonstrates the power of using a preliminary calculated phase diagram for selecting key alloys for experimentation, on basis of which a reliable thermodynamic description can be developed.
Analysis of phase formation in Ni-rich alloys of the Ni–Ta–W system by calorimetry, DTA, SEM, and TEM
Authors: Witusiewicz Victor T. , Hecht Ulrike , Warnken Nils , Fries Suzana G. , Hu Weiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The partial enthalpies of dissolution of pure Ni,Wand Ta in liquid ternary Ni –Ta –W alloys have been determined at (1773 ± 5) K using a high temperature isoperibolic calorimeter. Measurements were performed in Ni-rich alloys (from 80 to 100 at.% Ni) along sections with constant Ta .W atomic ratios 1 : 0, 2 : 1, 1 : 2, and 0 : 1. The partial enthalpies and thereby the integral enthalpy of mixing of these ternary alloys are calculated from the partial enthalpies of dissolution using SGTE Gibbs energies for pure elements as reference.
The obtained thermochemical data confirm that in the investigated Ni-rich alloys the binary interactions between Ta and W as well as the ternary Ni –Ta –W interactions are negligibly small. Due to this the variation of the integral enthalpy of mixing of the ternary alloys is well described as linear combination of the constituent Ni –Ta and Ni –W binaries. Such behaviour of the ternary liquid alloys is related to a very low probability of new ternary stable phases to occur in solid state. This prediction is confirmed by differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of the as-solidified and annealed samples obtained as last alloy compositions in the series of calorimetric dissolution.
Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the Al–Ni system: Thermodynamic properties over {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}
Authors: Narasimhan Tiruppatur Subramaniam Lakshmi , Kath Dieter , Wessel Egbert , Markus Torsten , Hilpert Klaus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vaporisation studies on Al–Ni alloys with x(Ni) = 0.43, 0.42, 0.35, and 0.32 were carried out by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Partial pressure-temperature relations of Al(g) over the two phase regions {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni} were determined in the temperature ranges 1104 – 1278 K and 1021 –1122 K, respectively. The corresponding equations are log(p(Al)/Pa) = –(20 039 ± 84)/T(K) + (13.464 ± 0.070) for {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and log(p(Al)/Pa) = – (16 836 ± 235)/T(K) + (11.345 ± 0.219) for {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}. The vaporisation reactions, Al3Ni2.025(s) = 2.6436AlNi0.766(s) + 0.3564Al(g) and Al3Ni(s) = 0.572Al3Ni1.747(s) + 1.284Al(g) were evaluated and subsequently the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation of Al3Ni1.747(s) were derived.
Microstructural characterisation of a Co–Cr–Mo laser clad applied on railway wheels
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Klement Uta , Nolze Gert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Co – Cr –Mo laser cladding applied on railway wheels is characterised by a combination of EBSD and EDX. A complete pass of the cladding is investigated to achieve a better understanding of the microstructure evolution during laser cladding. A microstructure with columnar grains extending over the whole thickness of the cladding is observed. The grains have a <001>-fibre texture with the fibre axis parallel to the normal of the substrate surface, and a substructure consisting of cells/dendrites. During the cladding process, two different kinds of precipitates form in the cell walls, which can be identified as M6C and a non-equilibrium phase. Furthermore, stacking faults are observed to occur in the cladding grains and are discussed with respect to the laser cladding process.
Diffusion of 65Zn in the Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound and in the Mg-33.4 wt.% Al eutectic
Authors: Čermák Jiří , Stloukal Ivo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coefficient of 65Zn heterodiffusion in the Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound (β-phase) and the eutectic alloy Mg-33.4 wt.% Al was measured in the temperature region 598 – 698 K using serial sectioning and residual activity methods. The diffusion coefficient of 65Zn in the intermetallic can be written as Δ
I = 1.5 × 10– 2 m2 s –1 × exp( – 154.3 kJ mol –1/RT). At temperatures T ≥ 648 K, where the mean diffusion path is greater than the mean interlamellar distance in the eutectic, the effective diffusion coefficient Δ
eff = 2.7 × 10– 2 m2 s –1 exp(–155.1 kJ mol– 1/ RT) was evaluated. At two lower temperatures, the diffusion coefficients 65Zn in interphase boundaries were estimated: Δ
b (623 K) = 1.6 × 10 –12 m2 τ– 1 and Δ
b (598 K) = 4.4 × 10– 13 m2 τ–1. The specific (Mg)/β interfacial energy γ = 140 mJ m– 2 was assessed from measurement of the time dependence of interlamellar distance during isothermal anneal.
Electron density distribution influencing the electrical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Rajesh R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reports the structural properties that influence the electrical and magnetic behaviours of polycrystalline Bi1−x
Sm
x
FeO3 (x = 0, 0.1) ceramics. The samples are synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction. X-ray diffraction patterns expose two characteristic peaks corresponding to (104) and (110) planes around 31°. Bi1−x
Sm
x
FeO3 (x = 0, 0.1) samples crystalize primarily in the R3c phase along with the traces of secondary phases. The Rietveld refinement analysis reveals that the tilt angle of Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 reduces due to the twisting of FeO6 octahedra compared to pristine BiFeO3. The electron density distribution and type of bonding are analyzed using the maximum entropy method. The microstructural analysis reveals that the Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 sample has a reduced average particle size compared to pristine BiFeO3. The influence of samarium ions in the bismuth site deviates the canting angle of the modulated spiral spin arrangement and the charge density distribution of the Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 sample as a result, the electrical and magnetic behaviours are improved compared with bare BiFeO3.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
Authors: Sonkodi Balázs , Hortobágyi Tibor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, multisystem neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of motoneurons (MNs) progressively and eventually leads to paralysis. In contrast, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is defined as delayed onset soreness, muscle stiffness, loss of force-generating capacity, reduced joint range of motion, and decreased proprioceptive function. Sensory deficits and impaired proprioception are common symptoms of both ALS and DOMS, as impairment at the proprioceptive sensory terminals in the muscle spindle is theorized to occur in both. The important clinical distinction is that extraocular muscles (EOM) are relatively spared in ALS, in contrast to limb skeletal muscles; however, the blink reflex goes through a gradual impairment in a later stage of disease progression. Noteworthy is, that, the stretch of EOM induces the blink reflex. The current authors suggest that the impairment of proprioceptive sensory nerve terminals in the EOM muscle spindles are partially responsible for lower blink reflex, beyond central origin, and implies the critical role of Piezo2 ion channels and Wnt-PIP2 signaling in this pathomechanism. The proposed microinjury of Piezo2 on muscle spindle proprioceptive terminals could provide an explanation for the painless dying-back noncontact injury mechanism theory of ALS.
Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
Authors: Ichikawa Yumi , Kawano Kei , Mori Mizuki , Numazaki Ayumi , Aramaki Yuto , Fukushima Kazunori , Isshiki Yuta , Sawada Yusuke , Nakajima Jun , Oshima Kiyohiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring whole blood coagulation with Sonoclot to predict return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA). This was a prospective, observational clinical study on patients with OHCA who were transferred to our emergency department between August 2016 and July 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC[+] group) and those without (ROSC[−] group). We compared the activated clotting time (ACT), clot rate (CR), and platelet function (PF) as measured with Sonoclot, and the fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) level and D-dimer level between the two groups. We analyzed 87 patients: 37 in the ROSC(+) and 50 in the ROSC(−) groups. Regarding ACT, CR, PF, FDP, and D-dimer, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to examine how well each factor predicts ROSC. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CR was higher than that of the FDP and D-dimer levels. Among patients with cardiogenic cardiac arrest, the AUC of CR was higher than the AUCs of other coagulation factors. In conclusion, viscoelastic blood coagulation measurements using Sonoclot may be useful for predicting ROSC in OHCA patients.
Deterioration characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete subjected to coupling effect with salt and frost
Authors: Yu Ying , Li Ben , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the comprehensive performance and material properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under the coupled effect of salt-frost cycles were investigated to simulate the effect of complex environmental effects on the durability and deterioration of RAC. The tests on mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME), and compressive strength of RAC were conducted after 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 standard salt-frost cycles. The results show that the mass loss, RDME, and compressive strength of RAC develop in a bad direction with the increase of the number of salt-frost cycles and the amount of recycled aggregate admixture. The concrete damage is particularly severe at more than 40% recycled aggregate admixture. This phenomenon is explained by the changes in the microscopic morphology, distribution of the pore structure, and functional groups of RAC.
Novel approach to improve shale stability using super-amphiphobic nanoscale materials in water-based drilling fluids and its field application
Authors: Luo Xuwu , Jiang Guancheng , Wang Guoshuai , Yang Lili , He Yinbo , Cui Kaixiao , Yang Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, super-amphiphobic nano-silica nanoparticles (SA-NPs) were used to enhance the shale stabilization performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) by altering the surface wettability, preventing the capillary self-priming effect, and plugging the nano-micro pores of shale. The results of transmission electron microscopy, particle size distribution, and scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed that SA-NPs exhibited a nanoscale “coalesce” structure, which is composed of spherical particles joined together, and could form a nano-papillary structure on the shale surface. Due to the presence of nano-micro scale rough structures and ultra-low surface energy components, the shale treated by SA-NPS exhibited super-amphiphobic surface property in the contact angle test. Contact angles of water and hexadecane on the shale surface reached up to 154.13° and 151.34° after being treated with SA-NPs, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 1% SA-NPs in WBDFs could reduce the linear swelling rate from 40.5 to 6.0%, increase the shale cuttings recovery percentages from 82.5 to 95.6%, increase the plugging rate of low permeability shale core from 81.25 to 94.00%, and raise the high-temperature and high-pressure uniaxial compressive strength from 3.45 to 4.87 MPa. Compared with the polyether amine and fumed nano-silica, the addition of SA-NPs produced the best performance. Based on the excellent shale stabilization performance of SA-NPs, a high-performance WBDF was developed and applied in Dagang Oilfield. During the drilling operation， no wellbore instability, sticking, and other complex situations occurred. The results indicate that SA-NPs could better address the issue of wellbore instability in shale formations and have a great application prospect in shale well drilling.
Chemically and Light-Driven Coordination-Induced Spin State Switching (CISSS) of a nonheme-iron complex
Authors: Fischer Kim , Krahmer Jan , Tuczek Felix 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The new Fe(II) complex [Fe(trident)(bmik)](ClO4)2 (1) (trident = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)benzylamine and bmik = bis(1-methylimidazole)ketone) exhibits a change of magnetic moment in dichloromethane (DCM) solution upon addition of pyridine which is attributed to the Coordination-Induced Spin State Switching effect (CISSS). By attaching a photoisomerizable azopyridine sidegroup to the tridentate ligand the complex [Fe(azpy-trident)(bmik)](ClO4)2 (2; azpy-trident = [N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)]-3-(3-pyridylazo)benzylamine) is obtained. As detected by Evans NMR spectroscopy, 2 reversibly changes its magnetic moment in homogeneous solution upon photoirradiation which is attributed to intermolecular Light-Driven Coordination-Induced Spin State Switching (LD-CISSS). Further support for this interpretation is inferred from concentration-dependent Evans NMR measurements.
KEBANGKITAN ISLAM PADA MASYARAKAT KONTEMPORER
Authors: Tasman Tasman 
Published: March 2022

Perdebatan tentang agama dan sekularisme di dunia kotemporer telah menimbulkan diskusi panjang di kalangan ilmuan sosial dan agamawan. Kaum agamawan beranggapan bahwa paham sekularisme telah mengkudeta otoritas Ilahiah di muka bumi dengan kepongahan rasionalitasnya. Menurut mereka, rasio manusia bersifat liar, lemah dan cenderung mengikuti hawa nafsu yang pada akhirnya akan mengancam keberadaan umat manusia. Karena itu, absolutisme agama menjadi niscaya untuk membuat manusia tunduk pada Tuhan. Sedangkan bagi pendukung sekularisme, manusia adalah makhluk yang bisa mengatur diri sendiri dan bisa berkembang ke arah liberalisme. Manusia harus bebas dari semua mitos supranatural. Pada tahap ini liberalisme mencurigai agama sebagai pendukung setia absolutisme kekuasaan atas nama agama. Pertanyaan penting dalam artikel ini adalah bagaimana masa depan agama pada masyarakat kontemporer? Menurut perspektif evolusi agama para ilmuwan sosial, agama cenderung akan mengalami kemunduran dan digantikan oleh rasionalitas dan sekulerisasi modern. Dengan munculnya industrialisasi, rasionalitas dan ilmu pengetahuan peran agama di dunia modern semakin memudar dan terpinggirkan. Sedangkan sebagian ilmuwan berpendapat bahwa modernitas berkembang bukan tanpa kritik, modernitas juga memiliki kelemahan-kelemahan mendasar yang memungkinkan manusia kembali kepada kehidupan keagamaan. Bahkan agama akan tetap eksis di dunia modern dalam bentuk yang sudah mengalami perubahan dan transformasi diri.