bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage Assessment From Attractor Boundary Deformation
Authors: Sloboda Andrew R. , Kong Chin Ting 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Quantifying damage in nonlinear systems remains challenging. Existing methods using chaotic interrogation are limited because they are based on algorithms designed for time series prediction and have difficulty determining damage type or location. To address this shortcoming, we propose analysis based on exciting a structure with a chaotic signal and then measuring changes in the outer boundary of the chaotic attractor associated with the structural response. Sampling the boundaries of attractors associated with both the undamaged and damaged structures allows boundary transformation vectors (BTVs) to be drawn between the boundaries that encode information about how the system has changed. Certain regions of the boundary will deform proportionally to damage level, but these regions may be situated differently or deform in different directions for different damage types or locations, allowing this additional information to be inferred. If a library of BTVs for known damage cases are recorded, then future, unknown damage can be quantified using interpolation or extrapolation of the library. A simulated mass-spring-damper system is used to demonstrate how both damage level and type/location can be determined using chaotic interrogation in combination with boundary transformation analysis.
Investigation of the Resistive Response of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sensing Large Strains (&gt;10%)
Authors: Yazdi Armin , Tsai Li-Chih , Salowitz Nathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a recent investigation into sensing and measurement of large strain (&gt;10%) based on variation in electrical resistance of reduced graphene oxide. Sensing and measurement of large strain is of great interest for highly flexible and stretchable systems with applications including monitoring human motion, soft robotics and structural health monitoring. Measuring large strains is challenging because many traditional engineering materials yield or fracture at relatively small strains. Nanoparticle-based strain gauges have been investigated and regularly found to survive strains up to 50% with sensitivity (gauge factor) near 100 times greater than conventional metal foil strain gauges. However, most of these nanoparticle-based strain gauges have been made of toxic materials and are expensive to create (e.g. nickel or silver nanoparticles). Recent research has uncovered incredible properties of graphene which can overcome these issues, composed of inexpensive and natural carbon and surviving strain up to 20%. Direct synthesis and deposition of graphene monolayers remains expensive and complex. Reduced graphene oxide shares many of the phenomenal properties of graphene but can be synthesized with simple drop casting and thermal reduction techniques.
This paper presents recent research into measurement of strains greater than 10% by monitoring the change in resistance of reduced graphene oxide patches. A combination of electrical, mechanical, and microscopic investigations were performed to understand the electromechanical behavior of the material. A highly linear relation between resistance and strain was observed at relatively small strains, consistent with piezoresistive theory from monolithic materials, while a nonlinear relation was observed at strains from 12% to 20%, consistent with percolative behavior of nanoparticle-based strain sensors. The relation between non-aligned strain and resistance measurement was also investigated (e.g. perpendicular and off axis). Continuing investigation is seeking to understand the origins of the electrical and mechanical behavior observed.
Characterizing the Effects of Annealing Temperature on Knitted Shape Memory Actuators
Authors: Pettys-Baker Robert , Subash Niharikha , Mack Isidora , Shah Surbhi , Abel Julianna , Holschuh Brad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Advancements in the design of knitted Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators have produced highly functional and easy-to-wear advanced textiles with variable fit/stiffness properties. Annealing SMA at high temperatures can alter their thermomechanical properties; however, heat treatments of SMA knitted actuators have yet to be systematically studied. This study investigates the relationship between annealing temperatures and the resultant SMA knit thermomechanical behavior (maximum force and actuator transformation temperature). Twelve SMA knitted samples were manufactured using Dynalloy Flexinol® 70°C (0.012″). Nine samples were annealed at three different temperatures (350°C, 450°C, 550°C), with the remaining samples acting as controls. The blocked force mechanical performance was characterized by varying the thermal load across various applied structural strains. The samples were thermally cycled between 20°C and 90°C at each strain level. The results indicate that samples annealed while stretched along the knit-course direction enabled large-force actuation at smaller displacements than the control samples. Annealed samples showed higher peak force than control samples as annealing temperature increased until the 450°C condition; however, the 550° samples showed a dip in force. The actuator transformation temperatures showed reduced Austenite start (As) temperature compared to the control sample, enabling actuation at a lower temperature while also reducing the Martensite Finish (Mf) temperatures. This work allows for greater tuning of knitted SMA actuators to meet the needs of researchers and product developers.
Development of Embeddable Additive Manufacturing Microsensors for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Reed Nicholas , Kim Daewon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Significant progress into the development and use of stretchable sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been made in the last several years. The fusion of stretchable, adaptable sensing materials with highly specialized additive manufacturing techniques allows for the development of highly adaptive, customizable, and easily accessible sensing solutions. However, a significant portion of these works explore SHM topics at a macro level, and with a reduced focus on implementation. As such, little application or experimentation into practical sensing elements, especially those at the micro scale, have followed the advances in sensing technology. In this work, we demonstrate the application of recent developments in stretchable electronics, alongside multiple advanced additive manufacturing processes, to develop a novel flexible microscale sensor. A complex sensor is designed and printed utilizing Digital Light Processing (DLP) to directly fabricate the structure. The printed sensor is then filled with a piezoresistive sensing element of either PEDOT:PSS or carbon-based PDMS (cPDMS), which provided strain readings via resistance change. After being filled with a sensing mixture, the sensor is shown to operate as desired under large deformations. Additionally, the sensor is shown to work effectively when embedded into a separate additively manufactured part. A flexible test coupon is manufactured using the DLP AM process, and a microsensor is embedded inside the coupon structure. This sensing systems is tested in both tension and bending. These results show the feasibility of implementing both modern day AM processes and into current structural health monitoring developments into practical applications.
New Insight into the Role of AhR in Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Akhmetova Dinara A. , Kozlov Vadim V. , Gulyaeva Ludmila F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lung cancer (LC), one of the most common malignant neoplasms, is the leading cause of high cancer mortality worldwide. Smoking is a risk factor for almost all histological types of LC. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, can cause cancer. It has been established that its toxic effects can develop in the following ways: genotoxic (formation of adducts with DNA) and non-genotoxic or epigenetic. The latter is less known, although it is known that BaP activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which regulate transcription of many target genes, including microRNAs, which can lead to initiation and enhancement of the malignant cell transformation. Recent studies are evaluating the role of AhR in the regulation of immune checkpoints, as cigarette smoke and BaP induce the AhR-regulated expression of PD-L1 (CD274) in lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, kynurenine (a metabolite of tryptophan) has been found to stimulate the PD-1 (CD279) expression in cytotoxic T cells by activating AhR. Recent studies confirm great importance of AhR expressed in malignant cells for suppression of antitumor immunity. All this makes us rethink the role of AhR in lung carcinogenesis and investigate the mechanisms of its activation by exogenous and endogenous ligands. This review highlights the current understanding of the functional features of AhR and its role in the LC pathogenesis.
Measuring the burden of comorbidity for ischaemic heart disease and four common non-communicable diseases in Iran, 1990–2017: a modelling study based on global burden of diseases data
Authors: Mansourian Marjan , Ghasemi Khojasteh , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Kopec Jacek A , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis modelling study aimed to estimate the comorbidity burden for four common non-communicable diseases with ischaemic heart diseases (IHD) in Iran during a period of 28 years.DesignAnalysis of the burden of comorbidity with IHD based on data included prevalence rates and the disability weight (DW) average for calculating years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Iran population based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.SettingPopulation-based available data in GBD 2017 study of Iran population.ParticipantThe source of data was the GBD 2017 Study. We evaluated IHD, major depressive disorder (MDD), diabetes mellitus (DM), ischaemic stroke (IS), and osteoarthritis (OA) age-standardised prevalence rates and their DW.Main outcome measuresA new formula that modified the GBD calculator was used to measure the comorbidity YLDs. In the new formula, some multipliers were considered, measuring the departure from independence.ResultThe contribution of total comorbidity for each combination of IHD with DM, MDD, IS and OA was 2.5%, 2.0%, 1.6% and 2.9%, respectively. The highest YLD rates were observed for IHD_MDD, 16.5 in 1990 and 17.0 in 2017. This was followed by IHD_DM, from 11.5 to 16.9 per 100 000. The YLD rates for IHD_OA changed slightly (6.5–6.7) per 100 000, whereas there was a gradual reduction in the trends of IHD-IS, from 4.0–4.5 per 100 000.ConclusionOf the four comorbidities studied, the highest burden was due to the coexistence of MDD with IHD. Our results highlight the importance of addressing the burden of comorbidities when studying the burden of IHD or any other non-communicable disease.
Nutritional risk factors for all-cause mortality of critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Jine , Zheng Nan , Chang Xinyi , Qian Huitao , Han Yi 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the predictive value of single and multiple risk factors for the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition and to establish an effective evaluation model.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData from the 2020–2021 period were collected from the electronic records of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.Participants459 critically ill patients with enteral nutrition in the geriatric intensive care unit were included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The secondary outcomes were 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score.ResultsIndependent prognostic factors, including prealbumin/procalcitonin (PCT) ratio and APACHE II score, were identified using a logistic regression model and used in the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and concordance index indicated that the predictive capacity of the model was 0.753. Moreover, both the prealbumin/PCT ratio and the combination model of PCT, prealbumin and NRS2002 had a higher predictive value for clinical outcomes. Subgroup analysis also identified that a higher inflammatory state (PCT >0.5 ng/mL) and major nutritional risk (NRS2002 >3) led to worse clinical outcomes. In addition, patients on whole protein formulae bore less nutritional risk than those on short peptide formulae.ConclusionsThis nomogram had a good predictive value for 28-day mortality in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition. Both the prealbumin/PCT ratio and the combination model (PCT, prealbumin and NRS2002), as composite models of inflammation and nutrition, could better predict the prognosis of critically ill patients.
The association between housing cost burden and avoidable mortality in wealthy countries: cross-national analysis of social and housing policies, 2000-2017
Authors: Park Gum-Ryeong , Grignon Michel , Young Marisa , Dunn James R 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundIt has been shown that the high cost of housing can be detrimental to individual health. However, it is unknown (1) whether high housing costs pose a threat to population health and (2) whether and how social policies moderate the link between housing cost burden and mortality. This study aims to reduce these knowledge gaps.MethodsCountry-level panel data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are used. Housing cost to income ratio and age-standardised mortality were obtained from the OECD database. Fixed effects models were conducted to estimate the extent to which the housing cost to income ratio was associated with preventable mortality, treatable mortality, and suicides. In order to assess the moderating effects of social and housing policies, different types of social spending per capita as well as housing policies were taken into account.ResultsHousing cost to income ratio was significantly associated with preventable mortality, treatable mortality, and suicide during the post-global financial crisis (2009–2017) but not during the pre-global financial crisis (2000–2008). Social spending on pensions and unemployment benefits decreased the levels of mortality rate associated with housing cost burden. In countries with higher levels of social housing stock, the link between housing cost burden and mortality was attenuated. Similar patterns were examined for countries with rent control.ConclusionOur findings suggest that housing cost burden can be related to population health. Future studies should examine the role of protective measures that alleviate health problems caused by housing cost burden.
Endothelin A receptors contribute to senescence of brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Abdul Yasir , Karakaya Eda , Chandran Raghavendar , Jamil Sarah , Ergul Adviye 
Published: November 2022

Cellular senescence plays a pivotal role in the aging and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). In postmortem brains from individuals with VCID, endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels closely correlate with blood barrier breakdown and cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), previously thought to have exclusively endothelin B receptors, also possess endothelin A (ETA) receptors; however, the functional significance of this receptor in BMVECs is not known. We hypothesize that ETA receptors mediate BMVEC senescence. Serum-starved human BMVECs (HBEC5i) were incubated with ET-1 (1 µmol/L) in the presence/absence of ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 (20 µmol/L). Cells were collected for Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Treatment of ET-1 increased protein expression of ETA receptor, while it was prevented by the ETA receptor antagonist. ET-1 increased p21, p16, p53, LIF1 and cyclin D1 protein levels, and β-galactosidase accumulation, which were prevented in the presence of ETA blockade. While there was no change in tight junction proteins, ET-1 decreased adherent junction protein vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) levels. In conclusion, ET-1 upregulates ETA receptors in BMVECs in an autocrine manner and triggers the activation of senescence. These in vitro findings need to be further studied in vivo to establish the role of ETA receptors in the progression of endothelial senescence in VCID.
Color confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and catalytic effect induced by monopole and instanton creations
Authors: Hasegawa Masayasu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOur research reveals the relations among monopoles, color confinement, instantons, and chiral symmetry breaking which experiments can detect, by numerical calculations of lattice gauge theory. We first add a monopole and an anti-monopole varying their magnetic charges to the gauge field configurations in the quenched approximation of quantum chromodynamics, by applying the monopole creation operator and investigate the effects of the added monopoles and anti-monopoles on color confinement. Second, we reveal the quantitative relations among instantons, anti-instantons, and observables using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the overlap Dirac operator, which are calculated using the normal configurations and the configurations with the additional monopoles and anti-monopoles. Finally, we ascertain the outcomes by comparing them with the predictions. We have already discovered the catalytic effect: the decay width of the charged pion becomes wider and its lifetime becomes shorter than the experimental outcomes by increasing the number density of instantons and anti-instantons. However, the outcomes in the previous study were obtained using one lattice volume and lattice spacing. In this research, we improve the previous study using a variety of configurations of different lattice volumes and values of the lattice spacing from low to finite temperatures. The main purposes of this study are to inspect the influences of the finite lattice volume and discretization on the observables and quantitative relations that we have obtained in our previous research and to acquire the interpolated results at the continuum limit.
Light-front wavefunctions of mesons by design
Authors: Li Meijian , Li Yang , Chen Guangyao , Lappi Tuomas , Vary James P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe develop a mechanism to build the light-front wavefunctions (LFWFs) of meson bound states on a small-sized basis function representation. Unlike in a standard Hamiltonian formalism, the Hamiltonian in this method is implicit, and the information of the system is carried directly by the functional form and adjustable parameters of the LFWFs. In this work, we model the LFWFs for four charmonium states, $$\eta _c$$

η
c

, $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

, $$\psi '$$

ψ
′

, and $$\psi (3770)$$

ψ
(
3770
)

as superpositions of orthonormal basis functions. We choose the basis functions as eigenfunctions of an effective Hamiltonian, which has a longitudinal confining potential in addition to the transverse confining potential from light-front holographic QCD. We determine the basis function parameters and superposition coefficients by employing both guidance from the nonrelativistic description of the meson states and the experimental measurements of the meson decay widths. With the obtained wavefunctions, we study the features of those meson states, including charge radii and parton distribution functions. We use the $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

LFWF to calculate the meson production in diffractive deep inelastic scattering and ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions, and the $$\eta _c$$

η
c

LFWF to calculate its diphoton transition form factor. Both results show good agreement with experiments. The obtained LFWFs have simple-functional forms and can be readily used to predict additional experimental observables.
A Practical Methodology for Reproducible Experimentation: An Application to the Double-Row Facility Layout Problem
Authors: Martín-Santamaría Raúl , Cavero Sergio , Herrán Alberto , Duarte Abraham , Colmenar J. Manuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Reproducibility of experiments is a complex task in stochastic methods such as evolutionary algorithms or metaheuristics in general. Many works from the literature give general guidelines to favor reproducibility. However, none of them provide both a practical set of steps or software tools to help in this process. In this article, we propose a practical methodology to favor reproducibility in optimization problems tackled with stochastic methods. This methodology is divided into three main steps, where the researcher is assisted by software tools which implement state-of-the-art techniques related to this process. The methodology has been applied to study the double-row facility layout problem (DRFLP) where we propose a new algorithm able to obtain better results than the state-of-the-art methods. To this aim, we have also replicated the previous methods in order to complete the study with a new set of larger instances. All the produced artifacts related to the methodology and the study of the target problem are available in Zenodo.
From the ‘Nobleman’s Sword’ to the ‘Flag of the Fascist Ideals’
Authors: Bogiatzis Vassilios A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the ideological trajectory of Ioannis Metaxas and his intellectual Weltanschauung. It argues that he was strongly influenced by several German developments, including the Kultur vs. Zivilisation debate. Furthermore, from the 1920s he explicitly transformed key fascist ideas and drew on those of the ‘Conservative Revolution’. It shows that Metaxas addressed all key historical developments, from the turn of the century, to the establishment of his dictatorship, to the Second World War, through his ideological and intellectual prism: national reconstruction and palingenesis and a new cultural orientation for the Greek nation. Metaxas’s thinking is examined from its formative period in Germany (1899–1903) to his dictatorship (1936–1941). The methodological framework draws on the work of Peter Wagner, who conceives the period from 1870 to 1940 as the heyday of the ‘first crisis of modernity’; the work of Roger Griffin, Aristotle Kallis, and António Costa Pinto centred around the palingenetic, modernist dynamic of fascism; and finally, the notion of ‘intellectual appropriation of technology’ developed by Mikael Hård and Andrew Jamison.
Genuine Fascist Theory or Non-Systematic Conceptualisations of the New Authoritarian Order?
Authors: Souvlis George 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article analyses legal texts written by Nikolaos Koumaros that were foundational to the 4th of August regime in Greece. It demonstrates the regime possessed an ideology that did not differ substantially from other authoritarian regimes of the period. In particular, the choice of Koumaros as the central legal theorist of the regime can be explained by his familiarity with anti-liberal theories of the time. His engagement with these theories was linked with his studies in France and Italy during the interwar period, exposing him to fascist ideals. A detailed examination of the conceptual transfers that informed the main legal texts of the regime demonstrated their reasoning followed closely the theoretical developments of the time. Mussolini’s doctrine of fascism and a specific reading of Rousseau functioned as the basis for the legitimisation of a new, anti-liberal political order. These ideas became key analytical pillars of the legal texts that gave shape to the regime’s normative and political foundation, demonstrating that explicit fascist theories informed the political physiognomy of the regime.