bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent effects of initial ventilation with delayed cord clamping on systemic and pulmonary arterial flows in the birth transition of preterm lambs
Authors: Smolich Joseph J. , Kenna Kelly R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA current view that delayed cord clamping (DCC) results in greater haemodynamic stability at birth than immediate cord clamping (ICC) is based on comparison of DCC vs. ICC followed by an asphyxial (∼2 min) cord clamp‐to‐ventilation (CC–V) interval. More recent data suggest that relatively minor perinatal differences in heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations exist between DCC and ICC with a non‐asphyxial (<45 s) CC–V interval, but it is unknown how ventricular output and central arterial blood flow effects of DCC compare with those of non‐asphyxial ICC. Anaesthetized preterm fetal lambs instrumented with flow probes on major central arteries were ventilated for 97 (7) s (mean (SD)) before DCC at birth (n = 10), or underwent ICC 40 (6) s before ventilation (n = 10). Compared to ICC, initial ventilation and DCC was accompanied by (1) redistribution of a similar level of ascending aortic flow away from cephalic arteries and towards the aortic isthmus after ventilation; (2) a lower right ventricular output after cord clamping that was redistributed towards the lungs, thereby maintaining the absolute contribution of this output to a similar increase in pulmonary arterial flow after birth; and (3) a lower descending thoracic aortic flow after birth, related to a more rapid decline in phasic right‐to‐left ductal flow only partially offset by increased aortic isthmus flow. However, systemic arterial flows were similar between DCC and non‐asphyxial ICC within 5 min after birth. These findings suggest that compared to non‐asphyxial ICC, initial ventilation with DCC transiently redistributed central arterial flows, resulting in lower perinatal systemic arterial, but not pulmonary arterial, flows.Key points
A current view that delayed cord clamping (DCC) results in greater haemodynamic stability at birth than immediate cord clamping (ICC) is based on comparison of DCC vs. ICC with an asphyxial (∼2 min) cord clamp‐to‐ventilation (CC–V) interval.
Recent data suggest that relatively minor perinatal differences in heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations exist between DCC and ICC with a non‐asphyxial (<45 s) CC–V interval, but how central arterial blood flow effects of DCC compare with those of non‐asphyxial ICC is unknown.
Anaesthetized preterm fetal lambs instrumented with central arterial flow probes underwent initial ventilation for ∼90 s before DCC at birth, or ICC for ∼40 s before ventilation.
Compared to non‐asphyxial ICC, initial ventilation with DCC redistributed central blood flows, resulting in lower systemic, but not pulmonary, arterial flows during this period of transition.
This flow redistribution was transitory, however, with systemic arterial flows similar between DCC and non‐asphyxial ICC within minutes after birth.
A new genus and species of Pseudotarsonemoidini (Acari: Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae) associated with xylophagous gall midges in Norway
Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Fjellberg Arne , Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: April 2022

A new genus and species, Tarsobisulcus angulomarginis n. gen., n. sp. (Acari: Tarsonemidae: Pseudotaesonemoidini) is described based on females collected on larvae of the gall midge Xylodiplosis nigritarsis Zett. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in oak wood from Norway. Some aspects of the morphology, systematic relationships and biology of Tarsobisulcus angulomarginis n. gen., n. sp. are discussed.
Power Road-Derived Physical Performance Parameters in Junior, Under-23, and Professional Road Cycling Climbers
Authors: Gallo Gabriele , Mateo-March Manuel , Leo Peter , Campos-Donaire Antonio , Gandia-Soriano Alexis , Giorgi Andrea , Faelli Emanuela , Ruggeri Piero , Codella Roberto , Mujika Iñigo , Filipas Luca 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of field-derived power and physical performance parameters with competition success in road cycling climbing specialists of age-related categories and to explore cross-sectional differences between high-ranked (HIGHR) climbing specialists of each category. Methods: Fifty-three male climbers participated in this study (junior [JUN], n = 15; under 23 [U23], n = 21; professional [PRO], n = 17). Training and racing data collected during the 2016–19 competitive seasons were retrospectively analyzed for record power outputs (RPOs) and RPOs after prior accumulated work. Results: In JUN, body mass, absolute RPOs, and relative RPOs were higher in HIGHR compared with low ranked (d = 0.97–2.20, large; P = .097–.001); in U23 and PRO, the percentage decrease in RPOs after 20, 30, 40, and 50 kJ·kg−1 was less in HIGHR compared with low ranked (d = 0.77–1.74, moderate–large; P = .096–.004). JUN HIGHR presented lower absolute and relative RPO-20 min (, large; P = .099–.001) and higher percentage decrease in RPOs after prior accumulated work compared with U23 and PRO HIGHR (, large; P = .060–.001); percentage decrease in RPOs after prior accumulated work was the only parameter differentiating U23 and PRO HIGHR, with PRO declining less in relative RPO-1 min, RPO-5 min, and RPO-20 min after 20 to 50 kJ·kg−1 (, large; P = .090–.001). Conclusions: Superior absolute and relative RPOs characterize HIGHR JUN climbing specialists. Superior fatigue resistance differentiates HIGHR U23 and PRO climbers compared with low ranked, as well as PRO versus U23 climbers.
JAK inhibitors and COVID-19
Authors: Levy Gabriel , Guglielmelli Paola , Langmuir Peter , Constantinescu Stefan N 
Published: April 2022

During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate immune response can be inhibited or delayed, and the subsequent persistent viral replication can induce emergency signals that may culminate in a cytokine storm contributing to the severe evolution of COVID-19. Cytokines are key regulators of the immune response and virus clearance, and, as such, are linked to the—possibly altered—response to the SARS-CoV-2. They act via a family of more than 40 transmembrane receptors that are coupled to one or several of the 4 Janus kinases (JAKs) coded by the human genome, namely JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. Once activated, JAKs act on pathways for either survival, proliferation, differentiation, immune regulation or, in the case of type I interferons, antiviral and antiproliferative effects. Studies of graft-versus-host and systemic rheumatic diseases indicated that JAK inhibitors (JAKi) exert immunosuppressive effects that are non-redundant with those of corticotherapy. Therefore, they hold the potential to cut-off pathological reactions in COVID-19. Significant clinical experience already exists with several JAKi in COVID-19, such as baricitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and nezulcitinib, which were suggested by a meta-analysis (Patouliaset al.) to exert a benefit in terms of risk reduction concerning major outcomes when added to standard of care in patients with COVID-19. Yet, only baricitinib is recommended in first line for severe COVID-19 treatment by the WHO, as it is the only JAKi that has proven efficient to reduce mortality in individual randomized clinical trials (RCT), especially the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT-2) and COV-BARRIER phase 3 trials. As for secondary effects of JAKi treatment, the main caution with baricitinib consists in the induced immunosuppression as long-term side effects should not be an issue in patients treated for COVID-19.We discuss whether a class effect of JAKi may be emerging in COVID-19 treatment, although at the moment the convincing data are for baricitinib only. Given the key role of JAK1 in both type I IFN action and signaling by cytokines involved in pathogenic effects, establishing the precise timing of treatment will be very important in future trials, along with the control of viral replication by associating antiviral molecules.
Comparing treatment outcomes of various intracranial bifurcation aneurysms locations using the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device
Authors: Adeeb Nimer , Dibas Mahmoud , Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Phan Kevin , Cuellar-Saenz Hugo H , Sweid Ahmad , Lay Sovann V , Guenego Adrien , Aslan Assala , Renieri Leonardo , Sundararajan Sri Hari , Saliou Guillaume , Möhlenbruch Markus , Regenhardt Robert W , Vranic Justin E , Lylyk Ivan , Foreman Paul M , Vachhani Jay A , Župančić Vedran , Hafeez Muhammad U , Rutledge Caleb , Waqas Muhammad , Tutino Vincent M , Rabinov James D , Ren Yifan , Schirmer Clemens M , Piano Mariangela , Kuhn Anna L , Michelozzi Caterina , Elens Stephanie , Starke Robert M , Hassan Ameer , Salehani Arsalaan , Brehm Alex , MohammedAli MajdEddin , Jones Jesse , Psychogios Marios , Spears Julian , Lubicz Boris , Panni Pietro , Puri Ajit S , Pero Guglielmo , Griessenauer Christoph J , Asadi Hamed , Siddiqui Adnan , Ducruet Andrew , Albuquerque Felipe C , Du Rose , Kan Peter , Kalousek Vladimir , Lylyk Pedro , Stapleton Christopher J , Boddu Srikanth , Knopman Jared , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A , Limbucci Nicola , Jabbour Pascal , Cognard Christophe , Patel Aman B , Dmytriw Adam A 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device has Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of wide-necked intracranial bifurcation aneurysms. The WEB device has been shown to result in adequate occlusion in bifurcation aneurysms overall, but its usefulness in the individual bifurcation locations has been evaluated separately only in few case series, which were limited by small sample sizes.ObjectiveTo compare angiographic and clinical outcomes after treatment of bifurcation aneurysms at various locations, including anterior communicating artery (AComA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) bifurcation distal to AComA, basilar tip, internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation, and middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms using the WEB device.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at 22 academic institutions worldwide to compare treatment outcomes of patients with intracranial bifurcation aneurysms using the WEB device. Data include patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, angiographic and functional outcomes, and complications.ResultsA total of 572 aneurysms were included. MCA (36%), AComA (35.7%), and basilar tip (18.9%) aneurysms were most common. The rate of adequate aneurysm occlusion was significantly higher for basilar tip (91.6%) and ICA bifurcation (96.7%) aneurysms and lower for ACA bifurcation (71.4%) and AComA (80.6%) aneurysms (p=0.04).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the most extensive study to date that compares the treatment of different intracranial bifurcation aneurysms using the WEB device. Basilar tip and ICA bifurcation aneurysms showed significantly higher rates of aneurysm occlusion than other locations.
'Balloon pressure technique' for endovascular treatment of spinal cord arteriovenous fistulas: preliminary results in 10 cases
Authors: Clarençon Frédéric , Parat Damien , Shotar Eimad , Premat Kévin , Lenck Stéphanie , Drir Mehdi , Maillart Elisabeth , Boch Anne-Laure , Sourour Nader 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSpinal arteriovenous fistulas (SAVFs) are challenging lesions to treat by endovascular means. Our purpose was to report our early experience with dual lumen balloons (DLBs) for embolization of SAVFs using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (the so-called 'balloon pressure technique' (BPT)).Materials and methodsDuring the inclusion period, 10 consecutive patients (nine men, mean age 61.6 years) underwent endovascular treatment of a SAVF (seven dural SAVFs and three epidural SAVFs) at a single institution using the BPT. DLBs were used in all cases. In seven cases (70%), a regular DLB was used, while in three cases (30%), low profile DLBs were used. EVOH was used as the liquid embolic agent in all cases. Technical and clinical complications were systematically recorded. Clinical and angiographic outcomes were systematically evaluated more than 3 months after the procedure.ResultsComplete cure of the SAVF by endovascular means alone was obtained in 80% of cases (8/10). For the two patients with incomplete SAVF occlusion, surgery was successfully performed secondarily. No recurrence was found at the 3 month follow-up in the eight patients for whom complete occlusion was obtained at the end of the embolization procedure. No permanent clinical complication was recorded using the BPT. Clinical improvement was observed in 6/10 (60%) cases.ConclusionBPT was a feasible technique, with regular or low profile DLBs, for embolization of SAVFs. Our preliminary results suggest the safety and effectiveness of this technique.
Using a smartphone application maintains physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Spielmanns Marc , Gloeckl Rainer , Jarosch Inga , Leitl Daniela , Schneeberger Tessa , Boeselt Tobias , Huber Stephan , Kaur-Bollinger Pawandeep , Ulm Bernhard , Mueller Claudia , Bjoerklund Jonas , Spielmanns Sabine , Windisch Wolfram , Pekacka-Egli Anna-Maria , Koczulla Andreas Rembert 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundEvidence suggests that patients with COPD struggle to maintain improved physical activity (PA) after completing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Smartphone applications (apps) providing a comprehensive training programme have conferred healthy benefits. This study was conducted to determine whether regular usage of an app maintains PA following PR.MethodsPatients with stage II–IV COPD were enrolled in a 6-month trial following PR. After the screening period, participants were randomised into the Kaia COPD app group (intervention group (IG)) or the control group (CG). The primary outcome was PA (daily steps), measured using an activity tracker. Secondary outcomes included the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) and the 1 min Sit-to-Stand Test (STST).ResultsSixty participants completed the study. The median steps from baseline to 6 months were significantly different between the groups, in favour of the IG (−105.3, IQR −1970.1 to 2105.8, vs CG −1173.0, IQR −3813.1 to –93.8; p=0.007). CAT was significantly decreased in the IG (15.1±8.6 vs 19.7±6.4, p=0.02), whereas the CRQ subdomains for dyspnoea (4.5±1.7 vs 3.7±1.3, p=0.033) and fatigue (4.5±1.4 vs 3.5±1.3, p=0.028) improved significantly in the IG. The STST at 6 months was not significant. Sleep duration and sleep efficiency showed no significant differences between the two groups at any time.ConclusionsA comprehensive program by using the Kaia app following PR maintained PA and improved symptoms in patients with COPD at 6 months. The app might be an important accessory tool for enhanced COPD care.Trial registration numberDRKS00017275.
A species- and site-specific stand density index based on growth and mortality
Authors: Wade R.K. 
Published: April 2022

A stand density index (SDI) was derived from three hypotheses, of which two concern mortality and growth up to the age at which there is an inflection point in growth, and the third relates mean tree volume and dbh (quadratic mean diameter at breast height) up to that age. The equations are [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], reference dbh = 25.4 cm or 10 inches. The parameters λ and β relate mean tree volume to dbh and stand volume to number of trees. Either equation provides a simple alternative to determining the self-thinning line and finding its slope, and also provides a direct comparison to the Reineke equation. Comparison of SDI values and exponents from the above equations to others’ results indicates the equations tend to produce smaller exponents, and larger SDI values, for dbh less than 25.4 cm. Values of [Formula: see text] varied with species and site quality, generally with smaller values than 1.605 for conifers, and larger values for angiosperms, when these were determined from yield tables, while values from experimental plots were always smaller than those from yield tables. Parameters must be estimated from data that are not significantly beyond the inflection age, and β and the ratio of growth to mortality parameters must be comparable.
Beltrami’s completeness for 𝕃p symmetric matrix fields
Authors: Aibeche Aissa , Amrouche Chérif , Bahouli Bassem 
Published: April 2022

Geymonat extended Gurtin’s result on Beltrami’s completeness to [Formula: see text]-case. The first objective of this paper is to generalize Geymonat’s result to [Formula: see text]-case with tangential and normal boundary conditions. Maggiani et al. proposed an extension of Beltrami’s-type decomposition for symmetric matrix fields in [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is simply connected domain and of class [Formula: see text]. The second objective of this paper is to present more extensions of the above decomposition when the domain [Formula: see text] is only of class [Formula: see text] and not necessarily simply connected. The third objective of this paper is to use the previous characterizations of matrix fields to solve some variants of the bi-Laplacian problem.
LCD matrix product codes with an application
Authors: Bhowmick Sanjit , Bagchi Satya , Bandi Ramakrishna 
Published: April 2022

Matrix product (MP) codes over a finite field [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] a prime power, were first introduced by Blackmore and Norton [MP codes over [Formula: see text], Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput. 12 (2001) 477–500]. This paper investigates linear complementary dual (LCD) MP codes over finite commutative Frobenius rings. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an MP code to have an LCD. We provide some efficient constructions of LCD MP codes. Finally, we have shown an application on cryptography of LCD codes.
How to Support Users in Understanding Intelligent Systems? An Analysis and Conceptual Framework of User Questions Considering User Mindsets, Involvement, and Knowledge Outcomes
Authors: Buschek Daniel , Eiband Malin , Hussmann Heinrich 
Published: April 2022

The opaque nature of many intelligent systems violates established usability principles and thus presents a challenge for human-computer interaction. Research in the field therefore highlights the need for transparency, scrutability, intelligibility, interpretability and explainability, among others. While all of these terms carry a vision of supporting users in understanding intelligent systems, the underlying notions and assumptions about users and their interaction with the system often remain unclear.
We review the literature in HCI through the lens of implied user questions to synthesise a conceptual framework integrating user mindsets, user involvement, and knowledge outcomes to reveal, differentiate and classify current notions in prior work. This framework aims to resolve conceptual ambiguity in the field and enables researchers to clarify their assumptions and become aware of those made in prior work. We further discuss related aspects such as stakeholders and trust, and also provide material to apply our framework in practice (e.g., ideation/design sessions). We thus hope to advance and structure the dialogue on supporting users in understanding intelligent systems.
Proclus on the Forms as Paradigms in "Plato’s Parmenides: the Neoplatonic Response to Aristotle and Alexander of Aphrodisias’ Criticisms"
Authors: Mouzala Melina 
Published: April 2022

This paper sets out to analyze Proclus’ exegesis of Socrates’ suggestion in Parmenides 132d1-3 that Forms stand fixed as patterns (παραδείγματα), as it were, in the nature, with the other things being images and likenesses of them. Proclus’ analysis of the notion of being pattern reveals the impact of the Aristotelian conception of the form as paradigm on his views, as we can infer from Alexander of Aphrodisias’ and Simplicius’ explanation of the paradigmatic character of the Aristotelian form. Whereas Aristotle and Alexander of Aphrodisias refute the efficient causality of the Platonic Forms and support that μέθεξις is just a metaphor, Syrianus, Proclus and Asclepius defend the Platonic theory, and specifically Proclus, who brings to the fore the multilateral role of the Forms as patterns with regard to the secondary things of this realm.[1]

[1] An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Symposium Platonicum XII: Plato’s Parmenides, organized by the International Plato Society, Paris, 15-19 July 2019.
Argumentos y Explicaciones en De Caelo 2
Authors: Mié Fabián , Berrón Manuel 
Published: April 2022

The main concern of this paper is the problem of method in De Caelo (Book 2 and some related treatises), which has been recently invigorated by the supposition of Aristotle’s acceptance of two standards of justification. Whereas the φυσικῶς argument comes close to demonstrative knowledge, the εὐλόγως argument relies on more general assumptions and allegedly points towards argumentative justification (sometimes associated with dialectic). With a view to better understanding how empirical criteria for theories, teleological principles, and the resolution of difficulties are laid down to provide as much causal explanations as possible, we take side here in the debate about the very purpose of Aristotle’s using of justification by argument in scientific contexts. Our main claim is that although only reasonable proofs can be worked out in empirically underdetermined domains, this in no way amounts to endorsing an alternative to the norms of inquiry Aristotle upholds in natural science.
Abstract 12101: Clinical Implications of Integrating Polygenic Risk Into Established Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores
Authors: Riveros-Mckay Fernando , Selzam Saskia , Seth Priyanka , Moore Rachel , Tarran William A , O'Sullivan Jack W , Ashley Euan A , McVean Gilean , Plagnol Vincent , Donnelly Peter , Weale Michael E 
Published: April 2022

Risk-guided intervention in the US, informed by the pooled cohort equations (PCE) risk calculator, is the accepted practice for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We recently showed that a polygenic risk score (PRS, summarising common genetic risk) can be integrated with PCE into an integrated risk tool (IRT) and we validated its utility across multiple contexts including sex, age, genetic ancestry and self-identified ethnicity (Weale et al 2021). The addition of PRS is always beneficial, but its contribution varies by context. When meta-analysed across multiple cohorts, the PRS is more predictive in men (odds ratio per standard deviation, ORsd=1.57) than women (ORsd=1.46). Across ethnicities, the group with the lowest effect size is African American (ORsd=1.14 in men, ORsd=1.11 in women), a result that predominantly reflects a lack of available training samples.
The availability of a CVD IRT has practical clinical implications. Because the IRT substantially spreads the risk scores in a given patient stratum, the inclusion of genetic factors can result in some individuals crossing actionable risk thresholds in both directions. Using UK Biobank, a large UK population cohort aged 45-64 with extensive medical and genetic information, we show that the rates of up/down classification are 7.8%/4.2% in younger men (40-54yo), 1.9%/11.6% in older men (55-69yo), 1.0%/0.2% in younger women, and 6.5%/6.6% in older women. This implies a tendency to under-treat in younger and over-treat in older individuals under current guidelines. Model discrimination (Harrell’s C, a measure of area-under-the-curve for survival data) is also greatest in the younger (C=0.751/0.732 in men/women) vs older (C=0.666/0.697 in men/women) age group. Given the increased up-classification and discrimination in the younger group, the addition of genetics provides an opportunity for earlier intervention in those most at risk.