bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for lymph node metastasis and indication of local resection in duodenal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Nakao Eisuke , Namikawa Ken , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Nakano Kaoru , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Nunobe Souya , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) of duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (DNETs) are not well identified, and a definitive standard of treatment for DNETs has not been established. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for LNM and establish the indication of local resection for DNETs.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 55 patients with 60 non‐ampullary and nonfunctional DNETs. We evaluated the risk factors for LNM and compared the outcomes between endoscopic resection (ER) for DNETs <5 mm and laparoscopy and endoscopy cooperative surgery (LECS) for DNETs ≥5 mm.ResultsLNM was present in four (8.7%) patients. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size ≥10 mm, positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and 0‐Is morphology were significantly associated with LNM (P = 0.008, P = 0.037, and P = 0.045, respectively). ER and LECS were performed for 18 and 11 DNETs, respectively. All lesions treated with ER or LECS were confined to the submucosal layer. The median tumor size was 3 mm in ER and 6 mm in LECS. Although there was no significant difference in the R0 (no residual tumor) resection rate, R0 resection was completely achieved in the LECS. No significant differences were observed in terms of complication rates. No recurrence was observed in any of the groups.ConclusionsTumor size ≥10 mm, positive LVI, and 0‐Is morphology were significant risk factors for LNM. We demonstrated that ER is feasible and could be safely applied for DNETs <5 mm, and LECS could be applied for DNETs 5–10 mm in size.
An evaluation of Egyptian microfinance laws and regulations preventing overindebtedness of women
Authors: Bedaiwy Shymaa , Peter Dimity 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the strengths and challenges of the Egyptian microfinance laws and regulations that protect impoverished women from overindebtedness. The focus of the analysis is on the regulation of microfinance in the nonbanking sector, that is, microfinance primarily provided by non‐governmental organizations. Although a number of significant laws and regulations have been enacted that provide some protection from overindebtedness, it was found that these protections do not extend far enough, and some critical protections are absent. This leaves the most impoverished Egyptian women using microfinance, vulnerable to overindebtedness.
Variation in density, but not morphology, of cutaneous sensilla among body regions in nine species of Australian geckos
Authors: Riedel Jendrian , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSkin sense organs, cutaneous sensilla, are a well‐known feature of the integument of squamate reptiles and particularly geckos. They vary widely in morphology among species and are thought to be mechanosensitive, associated with prey capture and handling, tail autotomy and placement of the adhesive toepads in pad‐bearing species. Some authors suggest that they may also sense abiotic environmental features, such as temperature or humidity. Here, we describe the morphology and distribution of cutaneous sensilla among body regions of nine Australian gecko species, in four genera. We hypothesised that if sensilla morphology was distinct, or sensilla density high, around the mouth, on the tail and on extremities, sensilla were likely used for these direct tactile functions. We found that sensilla morphology was uniform among body regions within species, but varied among species, while sensilla densities varied among species and body regions. In all species studied, sensilla density was highest on the labials and the dorsal tail scales and low on the feet, head and body, providing strong support for the hypothesis that sensilla serve tactile mechanoreceptive functions for prey capture and handling and for predator avoidance, but not for toepad placement. We suggest sensilla density may be explained by mechanoreception, whereas structure may be influenced by other factors.
RNA‐Seq reveals distinct transcriptomic differences in rotator cuff tendon based on tear etiology and patient sex
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Cai Lei , Tycksen Eric D. , Keener Jay , Chamberlain Aaron 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRotator cuff tears are a common pathology in the shoulder and generally have two underlying etiologies: traumatic and degenerative. Little is known about the molecular underpinning of these etiologies. Here we queried transcript level differences in tear etiology stratified by sex in 31 patients with rotator cuff tears. Tendon tissues were isolated from females (N = 16) and males (N = 15) with traumatic (N = 16) or degenerative (N = 15) tears during arthroscopy. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified by RNA‐seq and biological processes were probed computationally. Expression of some transcripts was validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We identified 339 and 336 transcripts differentially expressed by tear etiology in females and males, respectively, at a fold‐change greater than |2|. In females, GSTM1, MT1G, S1008A, ACSM3, DSC, FAM110C, and VNN2 were elevated in traumatic tears representing metabolic/catabolic processes, and immune response whereas CHAD, CLEC3A, IBSP, TNMD, APLNR, and CPA3 were elevated in degenerative tears representing tissue morphogenesis and developmental processes, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix organization. In males, ELOA3B, CXCL8, ADM, TNS4, and SPOCK1 were elevated in traumatic tears representing localization of endoplasmic reticulum, chromosome organization, leukocyte/neutrophil degranulation, and protein transport whereas MYL2, TNNC1, MB, CPA3, APLNR, and CA3 were highly upregulated in degenerative tears representing muscle cell differentiation and development and angiogenesis. Numerous novel lncRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed by tear etiology in both sexes. Real‐time qPCR confirmed RNA‐seq data. This study improves our understanding of tendon biology based on underlying etiology (trauma or degeneration) in a sex‐specific manner. These findings may help drive clinical decision‐making in females and males with traumatic and degenerative shoulder injuries.
Monitoring the lipid oxidation and flavor of Russian sturgeon fillets treated with low temperature vacuum heating: formation and relationship
Authors: Shen Shi‐Ke , Wu Zheng‐Yang , Chen Yue‐Wen , Dong Xiu‐Ping , Liu Fei‐Jian , Ding Zhi‐Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSturgeon is one of the most precious fish resources worldwide. Low temperature vacuum heating (LTVH) has been confirmed as a good way of maintaining food quality. However, there is a lack of in‐depth studies assessing the impact of LTVH on lipid oxidation and flavor formation.RESULTSThe present study compared the effect of LTVH and traditional cooking on lipid oxidation and flavor of sturgeon fillets. In total, 13 fatty acids were detected, of which polyunsaturated fatty acids content was the highest (P < 0.05). LTVH prevented the formation of conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.05), as manifested by an increased signal intensity of free radicals of electron spin resonance. The characteristic peaks intensity of lipid by Raman at 970 cm−1, 1080 cm−1 and 1655 cm−1 were reduced, whereas peaks at 1068 cm−1 and 1125 cm−1 displayed the opposite trend. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that the lipids particles were reduced and distributed more evenly with an increase in heating temperature. Principal component analysis of electronic nose cannot effectively separate all groups; however, gas chromatography‐ion migration spectrometry showed that the volatile flavor compounds were relatively stable during LTVH. Correlation analysis of all the above lipid oxidation indices and characteristic flavor substances showed that each treatment group was located in different quadrants and demonstrated great differentiation.CONCLUSIONOverall, the results of the present study support the view that LTVH is a healthier way of cooking. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
The antimicrobial and bioactive properties of lactobionic acid
Authors: Sáez‐Orviz Sara , Marcet Ismael , Rendueles Manuel , Díaz Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLactobionic acid (LBA) is a bioactive molecule that has generated keen interest in different industries. However, its future application in the food area is one of the most promising. Chemically, it is a polyhydroxy acid formed by the union of two molecules (galactose and gluconic acid) linked by an ether‐bond, showing many interesting and unusual properties due to its structure and composition, although it is traditionally known in the food industry for its chelating, moisturizing, gelling, and antioxidant properties. There has been much research into the production of LBA, either by microbial fermentation or biocatalytic approaches such as enzymatic synthesis, but its use in foodstuffs, to produce new functional products and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against food‐borne pathogens, is a relatively new topic that has attracted the interest of the international research community recently. Furthermore, in spite of the potential of LBA, it has been approved only by the US Food and Drug Administration, and for its use as the salt form, but the publication of new comprehensive studies, able to agglutinate all the new food‐related LBA research results, could disseminate knowledge about this compound and have an influence on its current regulation status. The aim of the present review is to describe the most recent advances and research on its antimicrobial potential, as well as summarizing the significant aspects that make LBA a promising bioactive compound for the food sector. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Preoperative C‐reactive protein to prealbumin ratio is independently associated with prognosis in patients with resectable colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Zhe , Cai Pengzhu , Zhao Yumei , Niu Dongdong , Xu Feipeng , Lai Yousheng , Pang Jinglin , Qi Jiaming , Wu Jiayuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing attention has been drawn the prognostic value of inflammatory indices for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic value of the preoperative C‐reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPAR) in CRC remains unclear.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted with 794 patients who had CRC and underwent radical surgical resection. The predictive performance of the inflammatory indices was analyzed and compared using the area under the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. A competing risk regression model and Cox proportional hazard model were used to analyze the effects of CPAR on disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively.ResultsPatients with high CPAR (>7.25) had poor survival outcome. The CPAR had the best predictive performance among all inflammatory indices, and was significantly associated with several characteristics of tumor invasion, including histological grade, tumor stage, and tumor size. Multivariate analysis showed that high CPAR was independently associated with poor DFS (subdistribution hazard ratio = 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74–2.82) and OS (hazard ratio = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.60–1.96).ConclusionPreoperative CPAR assessment could serve as an effective and reliable tool for prognostic prediction in patients with resectable CRC.
Impact of Prolonged Operative Time on Complications Following Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery
Authors: Pai Kavya K. , Omiunu Ariel , Vedula Sudeepti , Chemas‐Velez Maria Manuela , Fang Christina H. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo determine how prolonged operative time (POT) impacts 30‐day outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESNS).Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsData from patients who underwent ESNS (nonsinus, sinus, and extended sinus) between 2005 to 2018 were collected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of POT on postoperative outcomes.ResultsAmong 1,994 ESNS cases, 495 nonsinus procedures, 1,191 sinus procedures, and 308 extended sinus procedures were identified. Median OT was 90 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 51–165 minutes) for nonsinus procedures, 113 minutes (IQR, 66–189 minutes) for sinus procedures, and 187 minutes (IQR, 137–251 minutes) for extended sinus procedures. Other than older age (P = .008), POT was not significantly associated with baseline demographics and comorbidities for patients undergoing non‐sinus procedures. Older age (P < .001), White and Black race (P < .001), ASA physical classifications III or IV (P < .001), and several preoperative comorbidities, including obesity (P = .045), and hypertension (P < .001) were associated with POT for sinus procedures. Older age (P = .030), male sex (P = .010), and lower body mass index (P = .004) were associated with POT for extended sinus procedures. After risk‐adjustment, POT was independently associated with prolonged hospital stay (LOS) for all procedure categories, and associated with overall surgical complications and postoperative bleeding for sinus and extended sinus procedures specifically.ConclusionPOT is independently associated with several adverse outcomes following ESNS, including prolonged LOS, overall surgical complications, and bleeding. Preoperative planning should include optimizing modifiable patient risk factors for POT and identifying surgeon‐specific factors to enhance surgical efficiency.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:51–58, 2023
Assessment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Campanholo Milena de Almeida Torres , Caparroz Fabio de Azevedo , Vidigal Tatiana de Aguiar , Kenchian Caio Henrique , Andersen Monica Levy , Tufik Sergio , Haddad Fernanda Louise Martinho 
Published: February 2022

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and the potential association between presence of LPR symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a representative sample from a population‐based study.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsParticipants of the follow‐up of the Epidemiological Sleep Study were evaluated. Sleep was assessed through questionnaires and polysomnography. The presence of LPR was based on the questionnaire Reflux Score Index (RSI), and scores higher than 13 were suggestive of LPR. A general linear model test was used for comparison of continuous data and Pearson's chi‐square test was used to compare categorical variables. Predictors of LPR were obtained by regression analysis.Results701 were enrolled (54.8% female, 45.2% male; mean age, 50.2 ± 13.3 years). The mean apnea‐hypopnea index score was 17 ± 18.3 events/hr, and the mean RSI score was 7.0 ± 8.1. LPR was found in 17% of the volunteers, whereas OSA was present in 38.5% of the sample. Specifically, in those patients with OSA, the prevalence of LPR was 45.4%; however, there was no statistically significant association between LPR and the presence of OSA. The severity of OSA was not associated with RSI score. The presence of LPR was associated with older age, smoking, excessive daytime sleepiness and worse quality of life and sleep scores questionnaires.ConclusionsAge, smoking, but not body mass index, were associated with LPR. There was not statistically significant association of LPR with OSA. Individuals with symptoms of LPR had greater drowsiness and worse quality of life and sleep.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1877–1882, 2022
ATTRACTING, MENTORING, AND RETAINING PEOPLE OF COLOR IN TODAY’S WORKFORCE
Authors: Walton Brien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe author discusses racial disparities, and plans for encouraging more diversity in workplaces in the United States. He interweaves information about his own career. For instance, he relates that “on July 1, 2021, I became the first African‐American to chair the board of directors for Maine’s state‐sponsored venture capital fund (Maine Venture Fund).” In addition, “in 2013, I was the founding chief executive officer of the first university‐based educational technology venture capital fund in the U.S., which I launched in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania’s Graduate School of Education.” Other aspects of his career are as follows: “I started in financial planning in the late 1980s, transitioned into a real estate and business brokerage in the 1990s, and evolved into venture capital in the 2000s.” He writes in particular of mentoring, and remarks that “few people are born to be mentors.” He outlines “potential reasons organizations struggle to find qualified talent.” In his words, #1‐ Cause of Struggle Identifying the Talent = Lack of Diversity on the Executive Team #2 Cause of Struggle Attracting the Talent = Inability to Convey Understanding of the Benefits of Diversity #3 Cause of Struggle Retaining the Talent = Non‐diverse Organizational Cultures are Resistant to Change.
THE ART AND REWARDS OF WINNING ON PURPOSE
Authors: Reichheld Fred , Darnell Darci , Burns Maureen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article details the creation (by lead author Reichheld) and successful use by many organizations of the Net Promoter Score (NPS). The article states that the score is built around the answer to the question: How likely would you be to recommend [Organization X] to a friend or colleague? According to the authors, “the score has become the cornerstone of a whole system of management aimed at cultivating great customer experiences. A similar process asking employees how likely they would be to recommend their firm as a great place to work (and why) has evolved into employee NPS.” The best organizations are those in which leaders practice the “Golden Rule, ‘love thy neighbor as thyself,’ or, more secularly, ‘enrich the lives you touch’.” The authors contend that a “true Golden Rule solution has to satisfy requirements across multiple dimensions. It has to: (1) enhance the happiness and well‐being of others; (2) maintain or, preferably, enhance their dignity and well‐being; and (3) strengthen the web of communities supporting that relationship.” Six challenges are presented to this Golden Rule leadership, which are in the authors’ words: Superficial understanding of the Golden Rule; Bad incentive/reward systems; Inadequate feedback/measurement; No safe time and place to process feedback; Anonymity; and Bad Behavior.
HOW TO BUILD A MORE COURAGEOUS, INNOVATIVE CULTURE
Authors: Hurt Karin , Dye David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe authors describe their research conducted in conjunction with the University of North Colorado social research lab. They relate that it “validated what we’d observed in most organizations: day‐to‐day improvements, solutions, and micro‐innovations are unlikely to walk through a manager’s “open door.” The research revealed five reasons why employees don’t contribute ideas.” Briefly, these reasons are that employees “don’t think leadership wants their ideas”; “No one asks”; employees “lack the confidence to share their ideas”; employees also “lack the skills to share their ideas”; and they think nothing will happen if they do share their ideas. The authors discuss what they call The I.D.E.A. model, which stands for I‐Interesting D‐Doable E‐Engaging A‐Actions. They also describe examples from Nate Brown, cofounder of CX Accelerator, and Jill K. Herr, a director of clinical operations in rehabilitation at WellSpan Health. Brown “gave every member of his frontline team a “Customer Experience (CX) magic button” for their desks.” The authors also describe “Workaround workouts,” and “listening tours.” And they write about what they call “responding with regard,” which “means you receive ideas and react in ways that respect the other person, improve strategic thinking, and generate more useful ideas.”
Autonomy and control: How political ideology shapes the use of artificial intelligence
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan (Gina) , van Esch Patrick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeveraging the context of artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled checkouts (e.g., Grab‐and‐Go checkouts), we show that, across four studies, consumer response depends on their political identity salience: consumers with higher political identity salience (vs. the uninvolved) evaluate and respond to retailers using AI‐enabled checkouts more favorably compared with self‐service kiosks. Moreover, among these consumers, we propose and find political ideology as a boundary condition; liberals prefer AI‐enabled over self‐service checkouts, whereas conservatives are indifferent. Utilizing an autonomy‐based model, we demonstrate that liberal consumers' greater preference for AI‐enabled checkouts is driven by experiences of autonomy, which then elicits approach emotions.
Effect of electric potentials on high‐temperature plasma nitriding of 2Cr13 stainless steel with active screen assisted
Authors: Shao M.H. , Wang Z.W. , Zhang Z.H. , Zhao Y.Q. , Guo H.J. , Dong Y.K. , Zhang L. , Li H.H. , Zhao F.S. , Li Y. , He Y.Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe influence of electric potentials on the characteristics of modified layers with plasma nitriding of 2Cr13 stainless steel at a high temperature was investigated. Three active screens were placed on the cathodic plate. Three groups of 2Cr13 stainless steel samples were set with cathodic, anodic, and floating potentials. Samples were nitrided at 500 °C for 5 h in an ammonia atmosphere. The treated samples were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, surface roughness tester, and atomic force microscopy. It is proved that nitriding treatments can be suitably carried out at three electric potentials, but the corresponding modified layers take on different microstructure, morphology, and hardness behaviors. It found that the three nitrided samples are mainly composed of the ϵ−Fe2‐3N and γ’−Fe4N phases. The order of thicknesses of the nitrided layers is: floating < anodic < cathodic potential. The results also demonstrated that electric potentials play essential roles in the corrosion resistance and tribological properties in plasma nitriding treatment. Because there is no visible precipitation of chromium nitride in the modified layer, the corrosion resistance of the floating nitrided sample is better than that of the other two samples.
Microstructure and properties of modified as‐cast hypereutectic high chromium cast iron
Authors: Guo Q. , Fu H. , Guo X. , Xing Z. , Lin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present work studied the effects of different modification treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron containing about 35 wt% chromium and 4.0 wt% carbon. It was found that the primary carbides in the hypereutectic high chromium cast iron were all refined to different levels after different modification treatments. Among them, the best result was obtained by adding 0.6 wt % rare earth magnesium, and its average carbide diameters was 43 μm, which is almost half of the unmodified specimen. After modification, the mechanical properties have been improved, and the refinement of primary carbides can greatly improve its impact toughness. The impact toughness of the specimen modified by adding 0.6 wt % rare earth magnesium was the largest, reaching 7.0 J cm−2, and the impact toughness of un‐modification specimen was the worst, only 4.5 J cm−2. The refining of primary carbides does not have much effect on the hardness. The hardness of the sample with 0.6 wt % rare earth magnesium and 0.3 wt % TiBAl is the highest, and its value is 58.0 HRC. The wear resistance increases with the refinement of primary carbides.