bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular dynamics study of antimicrobial peptide translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Sharma Pradyumn , Ganapathy Ayappa K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith rising bacterial resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been widely investigated as potential antibacterial molecules to replace conventional antibiotics. Our understanding of the molecular mechanism for membrane disruption are largely based on AMP interactions with the inner phospholipid bilayers of both Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria. Mechanisms for AMP translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria composed of lipopolysaccharides and the asymmetric lipid bilayer are incompletely understood. In the current study, we have employed atomistic molecular dynamics and umbrella sampling simulations with an aggregate duration of ~ 8 microseconds to understand the free energy landscape of CM15 peptide within the OM of Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. The peptide has a favourable binding free energy (−130 kJ mol−1) in the O-antigen region with a large barrier (150 kJ mol−1) at the interface between the anionic coresaccharides and upper bilayer leaflet made up of lipid A molecules. We have analyzed the peptide and membrane properties at each of the 100 ns duration umbrella sampling windows to study variations in the membrane and the peptide structure during the translocation through the OM. Interestingly the peptide is seen to elongate, adopting a membrane perpendicular orientation in the phospholipid region resulting in the formation of a transient water channel during it’s translocation through the bilayer. The presence of the peptide at the lipid A and core-saccharide interface results in a 11% increase in the membrane area with the peptide adopting a predominantly membrane parallel orientation in this cation rich region. Additionally, the lateral displacement of the peptide is significantly reduced in this region, and increases toward the inner phospholipid leaflet and the outer O-antigen regions of the membrane. The peptide is found to be sufficiently hydrated across both the hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic regions of the membrane and remains unstructured without any gain in helical content. Our study unravels the complex free energy landscape for the translocation of the AMP CM15 across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and we discuss the implications of our findings with the broader question of how AMPs overcome this barrier during antimicrobial activity.
Microtubule-Inspired Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes: A Biomimetic Carrier Design
Authors: de Almeida Barcelos Karina , Alisaraie Laleh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose a bioinspired, non-covalent carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalization strategy to augment their bioavailability and alleviate their biotoxicity. For functionalization, select amphiphilic peptides from a cytoskeletal biopolymer, microtubule (MT), were used. The peptides are involved in the MT polymerization by maintaining the essential lateral interactions among the MT’s α- and β-tubulin subunits. They also participate in forming the MT-binding sites for hosting several MT-targeting antimitotics. Utilizing in silico methods, this study showed the peptides influenced CNT’s diffusivity and aqueous solubility. The hydrodynamic shield formed by the peptides from β-tubulin was more widespread on the CNT than the α-tubulin peptides’; however, the latter created a broader hydrophobic CNT coating than those from the β-tubulin. In particular, the peptides consisting of the H1-B2, H10, H1-B2, and the M-loop, demonstrated structural features that serve to augment CNTs’ water solubility and dispersibility. The performance of the peptide-functionalized CNTs as drug carriers was examined by studying seventeen antimitotics. The CNT-peptides structural composition was identified as a suitable carrier for phomopsin A, laulimalide, epothilone A, epothilone D, discodermolide, eribulin, and docetaxel. The peptides played dual roles displaying affinities to the antimitotics and the CNT; in particular, the peptides from the H1-B2 and H2-B3 loops of β-tubulin exhibited exceptional binding properties. Specific mutations on the wildtype peptides, including those from the α-tubulin M-loop and H2-B3, or the β-tubulin H1-B2, are proposed to refine their hydrophobicity, eliminate unfavorable inter-peptides electrostatic interactions or the spatial hindrance at certain regions, to enhance their conformational steadiness and exposure to the tube surface. A combination of the select amphiphilic peptides from both tubulin subunits is suggested to improve CNTs bioavailability and efficiency for carrying insoluble hydrophobic cargos.
Women's rural businesses: for economic viability or gender equality? – a database study from the Swedish context
Authors: Tillmar Malin , Sköld Birgitta , Ahl Helene , Berglund Karin , Pettersson Katarina 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss to what extent and why women's entrepreneurship contributes to rural economic viability and gender equality in an advanced welfare state.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use detailed register data to explore men's and women's rural businesses in the most common industries for rural women entrepreneurs in the Swedish welfare state. Based on a literature review, the authors develop hypotheses and analyse how family, business and industry factors influence earnings.FindingsWomen's rural entrepreneurship is important for rural viability, as women's businesses provide a wide range of services necessary for life in rural areas. Although women's rural businesses are not significantly smaller than those of men, women's income is lower and more sensitive to business and industry variables. Marriage has positive effects for the earnings of men but negative effects for the earnings of women. The authors argue that the results are contingent on the gendering of entrepreneurship and industries, as well as on the local rural gender contracts. For these reasons, the importance of women entrepreneurs for rural viability is not reflected in their own incomes. Hence, women's rural entrepreneurship does not result in (economic) gender equality.Originality/valueEntrepreneurship scholars rarely explore women's rural entrepreneurship, and particularly not in the Global North or Western welfare states. Therefore, this empirical study from Sweden provides novel information on how the gender order on the business, industry and family levels influences the income of men and women entrepreneurs differently.
A systematic literature review on frauds in banking sector
Authors: Mangala Deepa , Soni Lalita 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Banking industry peculiarly has become soft target for several pernicious deceptive and fraudulent activities. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the literature published in past 20 years on bank frauds and present a holistic view on causes and consequences of bank frauds and measures to curtail this menace. Towards the end the paper provides avenues for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review approach is used in this study and articles are selected via pre-set inclusion criteria. The literature is mapped on the basis of databases, year of publication, country of study and journal of publication. This paper is based on 70 selected articles published in four prominent databases between 2000 and 2021.

Findings
This study reveals that frauds in banking industry have become a matter of grave concern for almost all countries across the globe, causing significant financial and non-financial damages to banks, customers, other stakeholders and economy. Numerous factors such as pressure and opportunity are responsible for fraud occurrence. This study further evinced that banking institutions inevitably should have a robust fraud risk management in place to prevent, detect and respond to defalcation.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only paper among 70 selected articles which systematically reviews the literature published in past 20 years and provides a comprehensive view on all aspects related to bank frauds.
From corporate entrepreneurship to turnover intention: a view from humane entrepreneurship
Authors: Nam Jungmin , Kim Do Hui , Kang Jae 
Published: January 2022

PurposeBased on the humane entrepreneurship perspective, this study examines the mediating relationship of organizational trust (OT) between corporate entrepreneurship (CE) and turnover intention (TI). In addition, it tests the moderating role of top talent management (TTM) between corporate entrepreneurship and OT.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a multi-level research method to provide a conceptually comprehensive understanding of how CE works in an organization by testing the relationship between organizational practices and employees' outcomes.FindingsThis study found the mediating role of OT between cooperate entrepreneurship and employee TI. The authors also found the moderating role of TTM between CE and OT.Originality/valueIn this study, it is meaningful that OT is set as a mediating variable to identify the relationship between CE and workers' attitudes (TI). Although previous studies have shown a positive correlation between CE and TI, there was a lack of specific research on the indirect process by which CE affects workers' attitudes. This study looked more closely at the impact of CE on workers' attitudes using a multiple quasi-analysis.
Riding on the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in re-thinking organizational design: a contingency-based approach
Authors: Chong Josephine , Duan Sophia Xiaoxia 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to explore what organizational structural designs and strategies that organizations can seek to adopt so as to enable them to respond effectively to the post-COVID-19 environment conditions. It adopts the contingency theory, which asserts that organizational survival is dependent on the fit between organizational structures and contingencies. Furthermore, the paper applies Mileset al. (1978) typology of business strategy to study four strategic orientations that organizations can adopt in achieving better organizational performances.Design/methodology/approachA framework of six strategic orientation archetypes is proposed that can support organizations in re-thinking their organizational structural designs for building up and strengthening resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors explore the influence of transactional leadership and transformational leadership and organizational culture on the adoption of strategic orientation. In addition, the authors developed six propositions.FindingsOrganizations that have a prospector orientation tend to focus on creativity and innovation. Organizations that have a defender orientation tend to focus on reducing manufacturing and distribution costs and maintaining or improving product quality. Analyzers tend to be second-movers after prospectors making slower and fewer changes to their products.Originality/valueTo the authors’ best understanding, this study is one of the first to explore the interrelationship between organizational structures, situational factors and strategic orientation.
Application of telemetry and stable isotope analyses to inform the resource ecology and management of a marine fish
Authors: Brownscombe Jacob W. , Shipley Oliver N. , Griffin Lucas P. , Morley Danielle , Acosta Alejandro , Adams Aaron J. , Boucek Ross , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. , Power Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Animal movement and resource use are essential considerations for effective environmental management, but they are challenging to quantify in expansive natural ecosystems such as oceans.

We used a novel combination of fish tracking with expansive acoustic telemetry networks, stable isotope analysis and integrated modelling techniques to characterize the spatial and trophic ecology of a marine fish species, permit Trachinotus falcatus, and to address specific resource management needs in the Florida Keys.

Tracking‐based movement patterns indicated that permit remained primarily within the designated fisheries management unit (92% of individuals), but they moved frequently among distinct habitat types and fisheries. Movement metrics from 109 individuals were integrated into Bayesian isotope mixing models, revealing variable reliance on seagrass‐ versus offshore/pelagic‐based energy channels amongst individuals. Variance was driven mainly by fish habitat use and home range size (km2).

A telemetry‐based regional isoscape, informed by individual‐level estimates of resource use (% seagrass reliance; median = 70%, 29%–100% range), illustrated connectivity among habitats and fisheries. Specifically, seagrass flats were highly connected with the Florida reef tract, with frequent movements between these habitat types and a high reliance on seagrass‐based prey. There was a distinction between these fish and those occupying artificial reefs, with the latter showing high use of pelagic/offshore (i.e. planktonic) energy channels.

Synthesis and applications. This study used a novel combination of telemetry, stable isotope analysis and integrated modelling techniques to identify two distinct ecotypes of a nearshore fish species, permit, in the Florida Keys. Of the two ecotypes, nearshore Florida Keys permit support multiple valuable fisheries; for these fish management should prioritize conservation of seagrass flats as a key permit food source, as well as fisheries protection measures at spawning sites on the Florida reef tract. This study highlights the capacity for integrated telemetry‐isotope models to provide key insights into animal ecology that has direct implications for applied environmental management.
Enhanced rapid review of the applicability of ultrasound in the assessment of sucking, swallowing and laryngeal function in the paediatric population
Authors: Viviers Mari , Edwards Louise , Asir Maya , Hibberd Judi , Rowe Rebecca , Phillips Sophie , Thomas Victoria , Keesing Melissa , Sugar Analou , Allen Jodi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has renewed interest in the use of ultrasound (US) amongst dysphagia‐trained clinicians working with infants and children. US is a portable, minimally intrusive tool which carries reduced risk of aerosol‐generation provoked by other instrumental swallowing assessment tools such as fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). For this reason, US could be a valuable addition to the dysphagia assessment toolkit. A recently published rapid review of US evidence for the assessment of swallowing and laryngeal function in the adult population provided a framework for this neonatal and paediatric review.AimsThis enhanced rapid review aimed to establish the applicability of US as an instrumental assessment tool for sucking, swallowing and laryngeal function in the neonatal and paediatric populations.Methods & ProceduresA rapid review of six electronic databases was conducted to identify articles using US to assess sucking, swallowing or laryngeal function in the selected populations, compared with varied reference tests. Abstract screening was completed according to pre‐defined inclusion/exclusion criteria with 10% of articles assessed by a second screener. Data was extracted from the included studies using a pre‐developed form. A modified QUADAS‐2 tool was used to assess study quality. Results from the included studies were summarised and grouped into sucking, swallowing and laryngeal function data.Outcomes & ResultsTwelve studies using US in the assessment of swallowing and/or laryngeal function met inclusion criteria. No studies using US for assessment of sucking met the inclusion criteria. All were peer‐reviewed, primary studies across a range of clinical populations and with a wide geographical spread. Five studies had an overall low risk of bias. Seven studies had at least one domain where risk of bias was judged as high. All studies had high applicability. The two studies assessing swallowing differed in terms of aims and use of US. The studies assessing laryngeal function predominately investigated vocal fold movement and laryngeal pathology. Sensitivity and specificity data were provided or calculated from raw data for nine of the laryngeal function studies (respective ranges of 75%–100% and 80%–100%).Conclusions & ImplicationsEmerging evidence exists to support the use of US as adjunct to clinical assessment of swallowing and laryngeal function in the neonatal and paediatric population. A paucity of evidence to support use of US in the assessment of sucking exists. Further research is needed to establish evidence‐based assessment and analysis protocols as well as development of paediatric data.
Two Ways of Looking at a Printed Book
Authors: Goh Benjamin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article revisits a recent debate in copyright scholarship surrounding the dominant utilitarian‐proprietary approach to copyright and its limits as identified by three readers of Immanuel Kant's 1785 essay, ‘On the Wrongfulness of Reprinting’. It is argued that although these scholars have demonstrated the power of Kant's essay and its concept of the book as communicative act to reshape our understanding of authorship and copyright, they have also underestimated the material dimension of the text that affords the production of its meaning. A more adequate understanding of Kant's text and how it could illuminate the present digital transformation of authorship and copyright would require that we attend closely to its medial‐materialities.
Effects of aromatherapy massage on the severity of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Amrollahi Akram , Rafiei Amirreza , Bahri Ahdie , Nasiriani Khadijeh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common problems among hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study determined the effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on the severity of RLS in HD patients.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was performed on 42 HD patient that were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group underwent 4 weeks of effleurage massage with lavender oil. The information was collected using RLS Questionnaire. Data analysis were done performed using SPSS16.ResultsBased on the findings, the mean score of the severity of RLS showed a significant difference between the groups after the intervention (p = 0.0001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the scores of RLS in the intervention group before and after intervention (p = 0.0001).ConclusionThe use of lavender oil during massage therapy can serve as a complementary treatment along with other care to alleviate the symptoms of RLS.
Effects of family history of substance use disorder on reward processing in adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Paraskevopoulou Maria , van Rooij Daan , Schene Aart H. , Batalla Albert , Chauvin Roselyne J. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Schellekens Arnt F. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often develop early onset substance use disorder (SUD) and show poor treatment outcomes. Both disorders show similar reward‐processing alterations, but it is unclear whether these are associated with familial vulnerability to SUD. Our aim was to investigate effects of family history of SUD (FH) on reward processing in individuals with and without ADHD, without substance misuse. Behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a modified monetary incentive delay task were compared between participants with and without FH (FH positive [FH+]: n = 76 and FH negative [FH−]: n = 69; 76 with ADHD, aged 16.74 ± 3.14, 82 males), while accounting for continuous ADHD scores. The main analysis showed distinct positive association between ADHD scores and reaction times during neutral versus reward condition. ADHD scores were also positively associated with anticipatory responses of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, independent of FH. There were no main FH effects on brain activation. Yet, FH+ participants showed distinct neural alterations in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dependent on ADHD. This was driven by positive association between ADHD scores and VLPFC activation during reward outcome, only in FH+. Sensitivity analysis with stricter SUD index showed hyperactivation of anterior cingulate cortex for FH+, independent of ADHD, during reward anticipation. There were no FH or ADHD effects on activation of ventral striatum in any analysis. Findings suggest both FH and ADHD effects in circuits of reward and attention/memory during reward processing. Future studies should examine whether these relate to early substance use initiation in ADHD and explore the need for adjusted SUD prevention strategies.
Revision of the New Zealand ladybird genus Adoxellus Weise, 1895 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Szawaryn Karol , Czerwiński Tomasz , Tomaszewska Wioletta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpecies of the endemic New Zealand ladybird genus Adoxellus Weise, 1895 are revised. Male and female genitalia are illustrated for the first time, a key to species, images of larva and pupa and distribution map are provided. A lectotype for Scymnus flavihirtus Broun, 1880 and a neotype for Scymnus picinus Broun, 1880 are designated.
Experimental assessment of a novel artificial anal sphincter with shape memory alloy
Authors: Wang Minghui , Liu Yunlong , Nong Qingjun , Yu Hongliu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundFecal incontinence caused by sphincter dysfunction is a difficult medical problem that has not been fully resolved. The artificial anal sphincter provides a new therapeutic strategy for fecal incontinence. In order to solve the biomechanical compatibility problem between the artificial anal sphincter and intestinal tissue in clinical application, a design of constant force artificial anal sphincter was assessed in this paper.MethodsThe constant force properties and safety of this novel device were evaluated by an experiment conducted in pig intestines with various thicknesses. The constant force characteristic of the device was evaluated by the intestinal pressure of the pig intestine. The safety of the device was evaluated by the surface contact stress of the pig intestine clamped by an artificial anal sphincter.ResultsThe average measured value of the intestinal pressure of the pig intestines with three thicknesses is about 55.3 mm Hg, the maximum pressure difference is 1 mm Hg, and the fluctuation error of constant clamping load is about 1.8%. The constant clamping load fluctuation error of the four measuring points of the pig intestines with three thicknesses is less than 2%. Even if the thickness of the pig intestines is changed, the measured contact stress value is lower than 10 kPa, which may avoid bit damage for the intestinal tissue.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the novel artificial sphincter has constant force properties and safety, which prevent ischemic necrosis of soft tissues caused by excessive pressure. Therefore, this study raises the possibility of the long‐term efficacy of artificial anal sphincter.