bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological analysis of skin reactions after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: Increment in number of infiltrated plasmacytoid dendritic cell
Authors: Watanabe Hanako , Ashida Miwa , Satomi Naoyoshi , Koike Yuta , Kuwatsuka Sayaka , Murota Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSkin disorders are frequent adverse events after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination. However, the pathogenesis of these disorders is not fully understood. Here, we report a case series of cutaneous adverse events following COVID‐19 vaccination, and the results of our investigation reveal the underlying mechanism. Case 1: a 47‐year‐old female developed a wheal, confined to the COVID‐19 vaccination site, 2 days after her first injection. She was treated with topical steroids and oral antihistamines. Case 2: a 51‐year‐old female showed generalized petechial erythema accompanied by fever, genital bleeding, thrombocytopenia, liver dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, 2 days after her second injection. She was diagnosed with vaccine‐induced macrophage activation syndrome and treated with anti‐inflammatory therapy. Immunohistological analysis of the skin eruption, in both these cases, showed infiltration of CD123+ BDCA2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p‐DC). Despite the distinctive clinical features in these two cases, this finding suggests that p‐DC might be involved in different cutaneous adverse events after COVID‐19 vaccination.
The ecological drivers of growth form evolution in flowering plants
Authors: Klimeš Adam , Šímová Irena , Zizka Alexander , Antonelli Alexandre , Herben Tomáš 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

In flowering plants (angiosperms), the herbaceous habit has evolved repeatedly from the ancestral woody state and herbs evolved repeatedly back to woody plants. Yet, how common these transitions were and which ecological conditions promote the herbaceous habit is poorly known. Several hypotheses exist, postulating an advantage of the herbaceous growth form to better cope with frost, drought, fire and shade and in allowing a fast life strategy, but their evaluation has been hitherto limited and support equivocal. We aim to evaluate these hypotheses by testing the difference between woody plants and herbs for a set of variables related to these hypotheses.

We compiled and integrated data for up to 21,581 species representing 359 families from public databases. We estimated the minimum number of evolutionary transitions between both growth forms. We assembled data on frost, drought, fire and shade tolerances, clonality and specific leaf area and we tested individual hypotheses by comparing herbaceous and woody angiosperm growth forms globally and within selected biomes and clades using phylogenetic comparative analyses.

We found 1656 evolutionary transitions from woody towards herbaceous growth form and 2111 transitions in the opposite direction. In agreement with our expectations, herbs were more tolerant to frost and shade than woody plants and had higher specific leaf area. However, the growth forms did not differ in their fire tolerance and clonality. Furthermore, contrary to our expectation, woody plants were more drought tolerant than herbs. The majority of the differences were robust to the choice of biome or clade.

Synthesis. Both herbaceous and woody habits evolved many times making the evolution of growth forms a well‐replicated event and suggesting that conditions favourable for either of the growth forms emerge often and plants respond to them. Apart from standard explanation by low temperatures, the success of herbs was likely enabled also by biotic interactions—by their fast life strategy, which is beneficial in seasonal and early successional habitats, and by their ability to tolerate shade.
Reproductive biology of Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae) flowers with contrasting orientation
Authors: Aguilar‐García Sandra Aracely , Figueroa‐Castro Dulce María , Valverde Pedro Luis , Vite Fernando , López‐Ortega Gerardo , Pérez‐Hernández Marco Aurelio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn columnar cacti, a higher production of reproductive structures on branches oriented towards the Equator has been explained by their higher interception of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) as well as resource availability. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of orientation on diverse aspects of the reproductive biology of Myrtillocactus geometrizans. Phenology was studied in north‐ and south‐facing branches. Floral cycle events, floral visitors, reproductive traits associated with sexual and attraction functions, and reproductive success were estimated from reproductive structures with contrasting orientation. Pollination experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of orientation on mating system. Our results showed that south‐facing branches had a longer duration of the mature fruit phenophase. Moreover, flower synchrony, production of reproductive structures, and floral traits associated with the male (number of anthers and pollen grains per floral bud), female (number and size of ovules and dimensions of both ovary and ovary cavity), and attraction (petal size) functions had higher values in south‐facing flowers. The beginning and ending of the male function and the end of flower anthesis occurred earlier in south‐facing flowers. Diversity of floral visitors was similar between orientations, except for beetles whose abundance was greater in flowers oriented towards the south. North‐ and south‐facing flowers had a mixed mating system, with similar reproductive success. Our results showed strong differences in the reproductive biology of an intertropical columnar cactus, probably in response to the uneven PAR interception and resource availability in branches and flowers with contrasting orientation.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Time to redefine the reference range of total serum bile acids: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huri Mor , Seravalli Viola , Lippi Camilla , Tofani Lorenzo , Galli Andrea , Petraglia Felice , Di Tommaso Mariarosaria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo establish pregnancy‐specific reference ranges for fasting and postprandial total serum bile acid (TSBA) concentrations.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary‐care university hospital.PopulationHealthy pregnant women at term admitted to the Obstetrics Department over a period of 1 year. Exclusion criteria were an established diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) or any coexisting condition of increased risk for ICP.MethodsBoth fasting (after 8–14 h of fasting) and postprandial (2 h after meal) TSBA concentrations were measured in 612 women (with 528 fasting samples and 377 postprandial samples) by automated enzymatic spectrophotometric assay.Main outcome measuresFasting and postprandial TSBA concentrations in 612 women.ResultsReference intervals of 4.4–14.1 μmol/L for fasting TSBA and 4.7–20.2 μmol/L for postprandial TSBA were established. The postprandial values were significantly higher than the fasting values, with a median increase of 1.0 μmol/L (p < 0.0001). A correlation between fasting TSBA concentrations and postprandial concentrations was found, as well as correlations with fetal sex, parity and assisted reproductive technologies. A seasonal pattern was noticed for both fasting and postprandial TSBA, with the highest values measured in the winter season (p < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively)ConclusionsNormal pregnancy is associated with mild hypercholanaemia, and therefore a higher threshold should be considered for the diagnosis of ICP. We suggest using the upper reference limits observed in our healthy pregnant population (14 μmol/L for fasting TSBA and 20 μmol/L for postprandial TSBA). As the fasting measurement is more specific for the diagnosis, and the postprandial measurement is essential for the assessment of severity, it is recommended to measure both values rather than use random sampling.Tweetable abstractNormal pregnancy is associated with mild hypercholanaemia, a higher threshold should be considered for the diagnosis of ICP.
Ride the trend: Is there spread momentum profit in the US commodity markets?
Authors: Shang Quanbiao , Serra Teresa , Garcia Philip 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSome previous researchers have argued that trading strategies based on calendar spread time series momentum (STSM) can deliver significant returns (Szymanowska et al. 2014; Boons and Prado 2019), which, if true, is at odds with the efficient market hypothesis. These arguments however, do not exclude the unrealisable futures contract roll yield and are also affected by other empirical and statistical issues that may lead to misleading results. With more than 30 years of data, we investigate STSM in 22 US commodity futures markets. First, we assess whether past spread returns can predict future returns, a necessary condition for the existence of momentum. We find predictability to be very weak after correcting for the issues affecting prior research. Second, we implement STSM‐based investment strategies. We compare STSM profits for individual markets and portfolios to profits generated by a simple long‐only benchmark strategy that does not require any predictability. STSM does not generate returns statistically different from the benchmark trading strategy, with both strategies generating very low or negative returns. For the momentum to outperform the benchmark strategy, predictability should be three times larger than observed from real data, but would entail substantial downside risk. In sum, the empirical evidence indicates that returns from STSM‐type strategies are illusive for the commodities and period studied. Our results strongly suggest that inclusion of unrealisable roll yield generates the illusion of profitable STSM trading strategies in previous research.
Safety and efficacy of prophylactic gastric open peroral endoscopic myotomy for prevention of post‐ESD stenosis: A case series (with video)
Authors: Lee Won Dong , Song Jae Sun , Kim Byung Sun , Yang Min A. , Lee Young Jae , Jung Gum Mo , Kim Ji Woong , Cho Yong Keun , Cho Jin Woong 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveEndoscopic resection of over 3/4 of the lumen of the antrum or pylorus is a known risk factor for post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) stenosis. Local or systemic steroids may reduce the risk of stenosis, but their overall role in stenosis prevention remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic gastric open peroral endoscopic myotomy (GO‐POEM) in preventing post‐ESD stenosis.MethodsTen patients who underwent GO‐POEM during or immediately after ESD in the Presbyterian Medical Center between June 2017 and November 2020 were included. All patients underwent excision of over 3/4 of the lumen of the antrum or pylorus. GO‐POEM was performed without submucosal tunneling.ResultsWell‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, tubulovillous adenoma with high‐grade dysplasia, and tubular adenoma with low‐grade dysplasia were diagnosed in three, one, and six patients, respectively. GO‐POEM was performed successfully in all the 10 patients. Stenosis could not be evaluated in one patient, whereas one of the remaining nine patients developed post‐ESD stenosis. GO‐POEM decreased the risk of post‐ESD stenosis in the other eight patients. Two patients presented with intraprocedural bleeding, both of whom were managed endoscopically successfully.ConclusionsProphylactic GO‐POEM may be a novel, effective and safe treatment modality for preventing post‐ESD stenosis in the stomach. Well‐designed, multicenter studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.
Endoscopic detection of esophageallow‐gradesquamous dysplasia: How to predict pathologic upgrades before treatment?
Authors: Chen Han , Zhou Xiao Ying , Li Shuo , Jiang Liu Qin , Hua Jie , Si Xin Min , Zhang Guo Xin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to predict the risk factors related to histopathologic upgrade after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with pre‐ESD esophageal squamous low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasm (LGIN).MethodsA training cohort of 201 patients with biopsy‐confirmed esophageal squamous LGIN and underwent ESD at a tertiary medical center between January 2017 and July 2019 were included. Risk factors for histological upgrade were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. A nomogram was then established. Internal validation was evaluated by discrimination, calibration plot, and decision‐curve analysis. Another cohort of 48 patients were prospectively collected from July 2019 to June 2021 for external validation of the nomogram.ResultsThe rate of histological upgrade was 34.8% (70/201) and 27.1% (13/48) in the training and validation sets, respectively. LASSO regression identified that tumor area (mm2) per biopsy, Lugol's staining pattern, background coloration, and the circumferential range of the lesion were significantly associated with histological upgrade. The final nomogram attained favorable prediction efficacy in the training cohort (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.98) and validation cohort (AUROC 0.92, 95% CI 0.79 –0.99). This model generated well‐fitted calibration and clinical‐decision curves in both cohorts.ConclusionsThe nomogram may better guide clinical decision on whether performing EDS or follow‐up for suspicious lesions in patients with biopsy‐confirmed esophageal squamous LGIN.
Precision glycerine jelly swab for removing pollen from small and fragile insect specimens
Authors: Donald Marion L. , Bolstridge Nic , Ridden Johnathon D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Historical datasets can establish a critical baseline of plant–animal interactions for understanding contemporary interactions in the context of global change. Pollen is often incidentally preserved on animals in natural history collections. Techniques for removing pollen from insects have largely been developed for fresh insect specimens or historical specimens with large amounts of pollen on specialized structures. However, many key pollinating insects do not have these specialized structures and thus, there is a need for a method to extract pollen from these small and fragile insects.

Here, we propose a precision glycerine jelly swab tool to allow for the precise removal of pollen from old, small and fragile insect specimens. We use this tool to remove pollen from five families of insects collected in the late 1970s. Additionally, we compare our method with four previously published techniques for removing pollen from pinned contemporary specimens.

We show the functionality of the precision glycerine jelly swab for removing small quantities of pollen across insect families. We found that across the five methods, all removed pollen; yet, it was clear that some are better suited for fragile specimens. In particular, the traditional glycerine jelly swab and the precision glycerine jelly swabs both performed well for removing pollen from bee faces. The shaking wash resulted in specimen fracture and residue left behind, the ethanol rinses left setae matted, and the glycerol swabbing left residue on the specimen. Additionally, we present photographs documenting the effects of these methods on pinned honey bee specimens.

The precision glycerine jelly swab opens up opportunities to sample pollen from a variety of insects in natural history collections. These pollen samples can be incorporated into downstream analyses for pollen identification either via microscopy or DNA sequencing, and the resulting plant–insect interaction data can establish historical baselines for contemporary comparison. Beyond our application of this method to pollen on insects, this precision glycerine jelly swab tool could be used to explore pollen placement specialization or to sample bryophyte, fungal and tree fern spores dispersing on animals.
Does social support predict increased use of dental services in older men?
Authors: Shu C‐C , Wright FAC , Naganathan V , Blyth FM , Le Couteur DG , Handelsman DJ , Stanaway FF 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPast research on social support and dental visits in older people has been limited by cross‐sectional design, limited social support dimensions and non‐representative samples.MethodsData came from men with natural teeth completing Waves 3 and 4 of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project in Sydney, Australia. The relationship between social support at Wave 3 (2011–2012) and at least one dental visit per year at Wave 4 (2014–2016) was examined by Poisson regression. Social support was measured by structural (marital status, living arrangements, family support and social interaction) and functional (social support satisfaction) domains.ResultsAbout 673 men were analysed. Structural and functional social support were not associated with the pattern of usual dental visits 5 years later in univariable or multivariable analyses. The only consistent significant factor was income source, with older men who had other sources of income more likely to regularly visit the dentist than older men solely reliant on the pension for income (prevalence ratio: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.52).ConclusionsWe found no differences in the pattern of usual dental visits between older men with different levels and types of social support. For older Australian men, income source seems to be the most important determinant of regular dental visits. © 2022 Australian Dental Association
Eating pizza in prison
Authors: DENYER WILLIS GRAHAM 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTPolice work is obviously a question of pursuing subjects. In postslave societies, one figure dominates; police are always after the young Black man. Meanwhile, another distinctive subject of policing exists. In São Paulo, Brazil, police detectives are also worried about the failing White father. He represents a crucial kind of problem: he weakens whiteness by subjecting White children to the indignities that Black children face. His punishment is not incarceration, however. Instead, his punishment is a question of civility and reparation, of being “pedagogical.” Attention to police officers’ decision‐making about these two subjects of everyday policing shows how the long‐standing fallacy of the idealized White family is produced by extracting from the Black family. It reveals the logic of differentiated punishment—civil and reparative punishment for White men, life in prison or death for Black men and boys—as a mechanism in the constant remediation of whiteness as property and accumulation. [whiteness, policing, punishment, men, family, child support, race, São Paulo, Brazil]
Management of oesophageal impaction of button batteries in Queensland
Authors: Chandran Dhina , Park Sooji , Barker Ruth , Burns Hannah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOesophageal button battery impaction (OBBI) is a medical emergency requiring timely removal due to rapid oesophageal tissue injury. The aim of this study was to characterize circumstances of OBBI and identify potential barriers to timely removal of button batteries (BB) in the paediatric population.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of OBBI cases between January 2018 to June 2019. Medical records were used to obtain patient demographics, battery size and type, battery source, location of initial presentation and outcomes. Time to obtaining x‐ray, transfer to tertiary centre and to removal of button battery were recorded.ResultsEight cases of OBBI were recorded during the 18 months study timeframe. Six patients were male and two were female, aged 0.97 to 2.8 years. Six were from an English‐speaking background and two were from families of non‐English speaking background. Battery removal occurred at Queensland Children's Hospital (QCH) in seven of eight cases. Time from ingestion to initial presentation to hospital ranged from 39 min to 123 h with a mean time of 2 h and 13 min. Overall, the total time from ingestion of BB to removal ranged from 2 h 54 min to 126 h 51 min.ConclusionDespite being recognized as a time critical emergency, diagnostic, geographic and logistic challenges in Queensland make optimal care a challenge. Primary prevention strategies coupled with an expanded network for safe battery removal, and novel management strategies such as honey and acetic acid could improve care and reduce morbidity.
Novel vision restoration techniques: 3D bioprinting, gene and stem cell therapy, optogenetics, and the bionic eye
Authors: Menon Abhay , Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundVision restoration has been one of the most sought‐after goals of ophthalmology because of its inception. Despite these problems being tackled from numerous different perspectives, a concrete solution has not yet been achieved. An optimal solution will have significant implications on the patient's quality of life, socioeconomic status, and mental health.MethodsThis article will explore new and innovative approaches with one common aim—to restore functional vision for the visually impaired. These novel techniques include 3D bioprinting, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, implantable devices, and optogenetics.ResultsWhile the techniques mentioned above show significant promise, they are currently in various stages of development ranging from clinical trials to commercial availability. Restoration of minimal vision in specific cases has already been achieved by the different methods but optimization of different parameters like biocompatibility, spatiotemporal resolution, and minimizing the costs are essential for widespread use.ConclusionThe developments over the past decade have resulted in multiple milestones in each of the techniques with many solutions getting approved by the FDA. This article will compare these novel techniques and highlight the major advantages and drawbacks of each of them.