bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet X Gene Interactions Control Femoral Bone Adaptation to Low Dietary Calcium
Authors: Chanpaisaeng Krittikan , Reyes‐Fernandez Perla C. , Dilkes Brian , Fleet James C. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTGenetics and dietary calcium (Ca) are each critical regulators of peak bone mass but it is unclear how genetics alters the physiologic response of bone to dietary Ca restriction (RCR). Here, we conducted genetic mapping in C57BL/6J × DBA/2J (BXD) recombinant inbred mouse lines to identify environmentally sensitive loci controlling whole‐bone mass (bone mineral density [BMD], bone mineral content [BMC]), distal trabecular bone, and cortical bone midshaft of the femur. Mice were fed adequate (basal) or low Ca diets from 4–12 weeks of age. Femurs were then examined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro‐computed tomography (μCT). Body size–corrected residuals were used for statistical analysis, genetic mapping, and to estimate narrow sense heritability (h2). Genetics had a strong impact on femoral traits (eg, bone volume fraction [BV/TV] basal Ca, h2 = 0.60) as well as their RCR (eg, BV/TV, h2 = 0.32). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified up to six loci affecting each bone trait. A subset of loci was detected in both diet groups, providing replication of environmentally robust genetic effects. Several loci control multiple bone phenotypes suggesting the existence of genetic pleiotropy. QTL controlling the bone RCR did not overlap with basal diet QTL, demonstrating genetic independence of those traits. Candidate genes underlying select multi‐trait loci were prioritized by protein coding effects or gene expression differences in bone cells. These include candidate alleles in Rictor (chromosome [chr] 15) and Egfl7 (chr 2) at loci affecting bone in the basal or low Ca groups and in Msr1 (chr 8), Apc, and Camk4 (chr 18) at loci affecting RCR. By carefully controlling dietary Ca and measuring traits in age‐matched mice we identified novel genetic loci determining bone mass/microarchitecture of the distal femur as well as their physiologic adaptation to inadequate dietary Ca intake. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia Type 1: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roszko Kelly L , Stapleton Smith Lyndsay M , Sridhar Ananth V , Roberts Mary Scott , Hartley Iris R , Gafni Rachel I , Collins Michael T , Fox Jonathan C , Nemeth Edward F 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is a rare form of hypoparathyroidism due to activating variants of the calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR). Inherited or de novo activating variants of the CASR alter the set point for extracellular calcium, resulting in inadequate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and inappropriate renal calcium excretion leading to hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria. Conventional therapy includes calcium and activated vitamin D, which can worsen hypercalciuria, resulting in renal complications. A systematic literature review, using published reports from 1994 to 2021, was conducted to catalog CASR variants, to define the ADH1 clinical spectrum, and to determine the effect of treatment on patients with ADH1. There were 113 unique CASR variants reported, with a general lack of genotype/phenotype correlation. Clinical data were available in 191 patients; 27% lacked symptoms, 32% had mild/moderate symptoms, and 41% had severe symptoms. Seizures, the most frequent clinical presentation, occurred in 39% of patients. In patients with blood and urine chemistries available at the time of diagnosis (n = 91), hypocalcemia (99%), hyperphosphatemia (59%), low PTH levels (57%), and hypercalciuria (34%) were observed. Blood calcium levels were significantly lower in patients with severe symptoms compared with asymptomatic patients (6.8 ± 0.7 versus 7.6 ± 0.7 mg/dL [mean ± SD]; p &lt; 0.0001), and the age of presentation was significantly lower in severely symptomatic patients (9.1 ± 15.0 versus 19.3 ± 19.4 years; p &lt; 0.01). Assessments for complications including nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, renal impairment, and brain calcifications in 57 patients on conventional therapy showed that 75% had at least one complication. Hypercalciuria was associated with nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, renal impairment, or brain calcifications (odds ratio [OR] = 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–37.2; p &lt; 0.01). In 27 patients with urine calcium measures before and after starting conventional therapy, the incidence of hypercalciuria increased by 91% (p &lt; 0.05) after therapy initiation. ADH1 is a condition often associated with severe symptomatology at presentation with an increase in the risk of renal complications after initiation of conventional therapy. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Disrupted Sleep Architecture Is Associated With Incident Bone Loss in Indian Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Study
Authors: Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas Vizhalil 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Inadequate sleep has been shown to be detrimental to several body systems, including the bone. We proposed to study the impact of insomnia on bone health in Indian postmenopausal women. In a 2-year prospective study, ambulant community-dwelling postmenopausal women aged &gt;50 years were recruited through simple random sampling. Sleep duration was recorded based on self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality using the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS). Anthropometry, bone biochemistry including bone turnover markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX], N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 pro-collagen [P1NP]), bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular bone score (TBS) were assessed at baseline and at the end of 2 years. Among 190 postmenopausal women with mean (SD) age of 58.2 (6.9) years, 65/190 (34.2%) had insomnia (WHIIRS ≥ 9) and 20/190 (10.5%) developed osteoporosis at any site on follow-up. The percentage decline over 2 years in BMD in women with insomnia was significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher at femoral neck (2.9 [1.6] versus 1.2 [1.2]%) and lumbar spine (4.5 [2.0] versus 1.6 [1.1]%). The decrement in TBS was also significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) in women with suboptimal sleep (1.5 [2.1] versus 0.5 [1.0] %) when compared with those with adequate sleep. The increment in CTX (46.4 [32.2] versus 18.9 [26.4]) and decrement in P1NP (35.4 [9.1] versus 16.7 [18.9]), respectively, were also greater (p &lt; 0.001) in women with insomnia compared with those without. On multivariate analysis, insomnia was the sole factor that was predictive (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–29.6; p &lt; 0.001) of incident osteoporosis. In conclusion, poor sleep quality was associated with incident osteoporosis in Indian postmenopausal women. Optimal sleep may help to retard ongoing bone loss that results from sleep deprivation and requires further research. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Hydrogen‐atom tunneling reactions in solid para‐hydrogen and their applications to astrochemistry
Authors: Haupa Karolina Anna , Joshi Prasad Ramesh , Lee Yuan‐Pern 
Published: July 2022

AbstractH‐atom tunneling reactions play important roles in astrochemistry, but an understanding of these reactions is still in its infancy. The unique properties associated with quantum solid para‐hydrogen provide an effective environment for the generation and reactions in situ of H atoms at low temperature. Several techniques have been employed to generate H atoms to study astrochemically relevant systems that provide significant insight into the formation of complex organic molecules (COM) and help to explain the relations between the abundance of some pairs of stable species. These results introduce new concepts in astrochemistry, including H‐induced H abstraction, H‐induced fragmentation, and H‐induced uphill isomerization in darkness that have been overlooked previously. This mini‐review summarizes the state of the art in this field, discussing fundamental understanding and techniques concerning H‐atom generation, H‐tunneling reactions, and their applications; the perspectives and open questions that await further exploration are discussed.
Ag substituted LaCoO3 perovskites as precursors for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid
Authors: Seguel Juan , Cancino Ximena , de León J. Noe Díaz , Delgado Eduardo J , Sepúlveda Catherine , Pecchi Gina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPerovskite‐type mixed oxides with the formula La1‐xAgxCoO3 (xAg = 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) were successfully used as precursors to prepare cobalt nanoparticle catalysts for use in the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA). The calcined, reduced, and post reaction catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption isotherms at −196 °C, H2‐Temperature programmed reduction, NH3‐Temperature programmed desorption, H2 chemisorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic performance was evaluated in a batch reactor at 50 bar of H2 at different temperatures to determine the kinetic parameters.RESULTSAn increase in the reducibility of the perovskite and Co3+ species contents was detected upon the silver doping. The highest catalytic activity was observed for the perovskite with xAg = 0.20 and this activity was attributed to the high content of metallic cobalt.CONCLUSIONThe active site corresponds to surface metallic cobalt and the presence of silver increases the amount of reduced cobalt. The high hydrogenating capacity of metallic cobalt explains the 100% selectivity towards gamma valero lactone of the synthesized catalysts. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A review on low‐cost microscopes for Open Science
Authors: Salido Jesus , Bueno Gloria , Ruiz‐Santaquiteria Jesus , Cristobal Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article presents a review after an exhaustive search that yielded 23 works carried out in the last decade for the availability of optical microscopes with open hardware as a low‐cost alternative to commercial systems. These works were developed with the aim of covering needs within several areas such as: Bio Sciences research in institutions with limited resources, diagnosis of diseases and health screenings in large populations in developing countries, and training in educational contexts with a need for high availability of equipment and low replacement cost. The analysis of the selected works allows us to classify the analyzed solutions into two main categories, for which their essential characteristics are enumerated: portable field microscopes and multipurpose automated microscopes. Moreover, this work includes a discussion on the degree of maturity of the solutions in terms of the adoption of practices aligned with the development of Open Science.Research HighlightsConcise review on low‐cost microscopes for developing Open Science, exposing the role of smartphone‐based microscopy. The work classifies microscopes in two main categories: (1) portable field microscopes, and (2) multipurpose automated microscopes.
A secretory form of Parkin‐independent mitophagy contributes to the repertoire of extracellular vesicles released into the tumour interstitial fluid in vivo
Authors: Howard Marissa , Erickson James , Cuba Zachary , Kim Shawn , Zhou Weidong , Gade Purva , Carter Rachel , Mitchell Kelsey , Branscome Heather , Siddhi Daivik , Alanazi Fatimah , Kim Yuriy , Araujo Robyn P. , Haymond Amanda , Luchini Alessandra , Kashanchi Fatah , Liotta Lance A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe characterized the in vivo interstitial fluid (IF) content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using the GFP‐4T1 syngeneic murine cancer model to study EVs in‐transit to the draining lymph node. GFP labelling confirmed the IF EV tumour cell origin. Molecular analysis revealed an abundance of IF EV‐associated proteins specifically involved in mitophagy and secretory autophagy. A set of proteins required for sequential steps of fission‐induced mitophagy preferentially populated the CD81+/PD‐L1+ IF EVs; PINK1, TOM20, and ARIH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (required for Parkin‐independent mitophagy), DRP1 and FIS1 (mitochondrial peripheral fission), VDAC‐1 (ubiquitination state triggers mitophagy away from apoptosis), VPS35, SEC22b, and Rab33b (vacuolar sorting). Comparing in vivo IF EVs to in vitro EVs revealed 40% concordance, with an elevation of mitophagy proteins in the CD81+ EVs for both murine and human cell lines subjected to metabolic stress. The export of cellular mitochondria proteins to CD81+ EVs was confirmed by density gradient isolation from the bulk EV isolate followed by anti‐CD81 immunoprecipitation, molecular sieve chromatography, and MitoTracker export into CD81+ EVs. We propose the 4T1 in vivo model as a versatile tool to functionally characterize IF EVs. IF EV export of fission mitophagy proteins has broad implications for mitochondrial function and cellular immunology.
Stable isotopes of nitrate record effects of the 2015–2016 El Niño and diatom iron limitation on nitrogen cycling in the eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: White Margot E. , Rafter Patrick A. , Stephens Brandon M. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Wankel Scott D. , Aluwihare Lihini I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn eastern boundary current systems, strong coastal upwelling brings deep, nutrient‐rich waters to the surface ocean, supporting a productive food web. The nitrate load in water masses that supply the region can be impacted by a variety of climate‐related processes that subsequently modulate primary productivity. In this study, two coastal upwelling regimes along central and southern California were sampled seasonally for nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of nitrate (i.e., nitrate isotopes) over several years (2010–2016) on 14 California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) cruises. Seasonal, interannual, and spatial variations in euphotic zone nitrate isotopes were largely driven by the extent of nitrate utilization, sometimes linked to iron limitation of diatom productivity. Pronounced isotopic enrichment developed with the El Niño conditions in late 2015 and early 2016 which likely resulted from increased nitrate utilization linked to reduced nitrate supply to the euphotic zone. Differential enrichment of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes was observed in the surface ocean, suggesting that phytoplankton increased their reliance on locally nitrified (recycled) nitrate during warmer and more stratified periods. Overall, nitrate isotopes effectively differentiated important euphotic zone processes such as nitrate assimilation and nitrification, while archiving the influence of disparate controls such as iron limitation and climatic events through their effects on nitrate utilization and isotopic fractionation.
Early Changes in Striatal Activity and Motor Kinematics in a Huntington's Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Koch Ellen T. , Sepers Marja D. , Cheng Judy , Raymond Lynn A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no disease‐modifying treatments. Patients experience motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disturbances, and the dorsal striatum is the main target of neurodegeneration. Mouse models of Huntington's disease show altered striatal synaptic signaling in vitro, but how these changes relate to behavioral deficits in vivo is unclear.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate how striatal activity correlates with behavior in vivo during motor learning and spontaneous behavior in a Huntington's disease mouse model at two disease stages.MethodsWe used fiber photometry to record jGCaMP7f fluorescence, a read‐out of neuronal activity, in the dorsal striatum of YAC128 (yeast artificial chromosome‐128CAG) mice during accelerating rotarod and open‐field behavior.ResultsMice showed increased striatal activity on the rotarod, which diminished by late stages of learning, leading to an inverse correlation between latency to fall and striatal activity. The 2‐ to 3‐month‐old YAC128 mice did not show a deficit in latency to fall, but displayed significant differences in paw kinematics, including increased paw slip frequency and variability in paw height. These mice exhibited a weaker correlation between latency to fall and striatal activity and aberrant striatal activity during paw slips. At 6 to 7 months, the YAC128 mice showed significantly reduced latency to fall, impaired paw kinematics, and increased striatal activity while on the rotarod. In the open field, the YAC128 mice showed elevated neuronal activity at rest.ConclusionsWe uncovered impaired motor coordination at a stage thought to be premotor manifest in YAC128 mice and aberrant striatal activity during the accelerating rotarod and open‐field exploration. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Diagnosis after zooming in: A multilabel classification model by imitating doctor reading habits to diagnose brain diseases
Authors: Wang Ruiqian , Fu Guanghui , Li Jianqiang , Pei Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeComputed tomography (CT) has the advantages of being low cost and noninvasive and is a primary diagnostic method for brain diseases. However, it is a challenge for junior radiologists to diagnose CT images accurately and comprehensively. It is necessary to build a system that can help doctors diagnose and provide an explanation of the predictions. Despite the success of deep learning algorithms in the field of medical image analysis, the task of brain disease classification still faces challenges: Researchers lack attention to complex manual labeling requirements and the incompleteness of prediction explanations. More importantly, most studies only measure the performance of the algorithm, but do not measure the effectiveness of the algorithm in the actual diagnosis of doctors.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a model called DrCT2 that can detect brain diseases without using image‐level labels and provide a more comprehensive explanation at both the slice and sequence levels. This model achieves reliable performance by imitating human expert reading habits: targeted scaling of primary images from the full slice scans and observation of suspicious lesions for diagnosis. We evaluated our model on two open‐access data sets: CQ500 and the RSNA Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection Challenge. In addition, we defined three tasks to comprehensively evaluate model interpretability by measuring whether the algorithm can select key images with lesions. To verify the algorithm from the perspective of practical application, three junior radiologists were invited to participate in the experiments, comparing the effects before and after human–computer cooperation in different aspects.ResultsThe method achieved F1‐scores of 0.9370 on CQ500 and 0.8700 on the RSNA data set. The results show that our model has good interpretability under the premise of good performance. Human radiologist evaluation experiments have proven that our model can effectively improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and improve efficiency.ConclusionsWe proposed a model that can simultaneously detect multiple brain diseases. The report generated by the model can assist doctors in avoiding missed diagnoses, and it has good clinical application value.
Physiological stress reactivity in pediatric cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy
Authors: White Gillian W. , Rhind Shawn G. , Nathan Paul C. , Caterini Jessica E. , Jones Heather NP , Wells Greg D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChildren who experience early life stress demonstrate changes to their stress responses, which may modulate long‐term health. Childhood cancer presents significant stress during diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. We hypothesized that children who have completed chemotherapy treatment for ALL will demonstrate altered hormone patterns in response to a stressor compared with healthy controls. Twelve pediatric ALL survivors and 12 healthy controls completed the Trier Social Stress Test. Salivary samples, heart rate, and self‐report ratings of stress were collected at baseline, pretest, and posttest. Between group comparison showed baseline (interleukin [IL]‐8) was significantly higher in the survivor group versus controls (survivors: 89.9, 40.1–544.9 pg ml–1; controls: 30.7, 5.6–241.9 pg ml–1, p = .001) as was peak (IL‐8) (survivors: 147.1, 71.6–1177.6 pg ml–1; controls: 75.5, 28.6–698.6 pg ml–1). Peak salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) concentration was significantly lower in the survivor group (survivors: 69.3, 19.4–195.5 U ml–1; controls: 91.2, 27.7–213.7 U ml–1; p = .04). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for time on cortisol (F(2.35, 50.81) = 5.9, p < .01), sAA (F(1.56, 33.17) = 6.6, p < .01), stress ratings (F(3.42, 88.14) = 53.4, p < .001), and heart rate (F(8, 83) = 16.8, p < .05). Significant main effects for group were observed for IL‐8 (F(1, 23) = 8.2, p < .01) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (F(1, 23) = 6.8, p < .05). Significant interaction effects for group × time were found for sAA (F(5, 106) = 2.8, p < .05). Our results indicate that childhood ALL survivors have similar responses to stress as healthy controls, but lower sympatho–adrenal–medullary reactivity. Therefore, altered stress regulation may present a pathway modulating long‐term health in this population.