bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of frame polymer concrete to low-cycle loading
Authors: Bondarev Boris , Korneeva Anastasia , Kosta Anton , Korneev Oleg , Meshcheryakov Aleksey 
Published: August 2022

Low-cycle fatigue is the ability of a material or structure to resist cyclic loads in the range of 0–105 cycles. Low-cycle loads are sometimes referred to as repeated. Little work has been devoted to the low-cycle fatigue of polymer composite materials (PCM). Studies of low-cycle fatigue were carried out by A.I. Chebanenko, B.A. Bondarev, Bondareva A.B. Besides them, the works of Chernousov R.N., Nemtsev V.A., Biryukov K.S. are known. Much more publications and research are devoted to the static fatigue of polymer composites. Almost all the works of well-known polymer concrete researchers began with studies of their strength under various types of loading, including long-term static.
Thus, analyzing the previous experience of studying the fatigue resistance of polymer composite materials, we can draw the following conclusions:
•	PCM static fatigue is the most studied;
•	quite a lot of work is devoted to the high-cycle fatigue of polymer concrete;
•	low-cycle fatigue of polymer concrete has not been studied enough;
•	physical fatigue of polymer composite materials is practically not studied;
•	there is no complexity in studying the issues of PCM fatigue.
Thus, the relevance of this work is beyond doubt, and the studies presented in this work make it possible to fill in the missing knowledge on the fatigue of frame polymer composites under various types of loading.
In the course of the study, equations of low-cycle fatigue for frame polymer concretes were obtained. Also, the values of reliability coefficients for polymer concrete based on furfural-acetone monomer, manufactured using frame technology, are determined. The analysis of the data obtained clearly showed the possibility of using frame polymer concrete in structures subjected to cyclic loads
Independent testing of a paleobiological hypothesis: the optical design of two Ordovician pelagic trilobites reveals their relative paleobathymetry
Authors: McCormick Tim , Fortey Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvidence that can be used to interpret the life habits of extinct organisms usually takes three forms: functional analysis, analogy with living organisms, and geological evidence. Independent quantitative tests for habit are rarely available. A theory of optimum eye design originally derived for living aquatic arthropods provides quantitative data that are used to test previous suppositions about the life habits of two Ordovician pelagic trilobites: that the telephinid trilobiteCaroliniteswas epipelagic while the cyclopygidPricyclopygewas mesopelagic. Optimum compound eye design theory uses measured lens diameters and interommatidial angles to determine the “eye parameter” (p), which can be used to gauge approximate optimum level of illumination for the eyes of these trilobites. The eye parameter provides an independent test for their relative paleobathymetry. Values of the eye parameter measured in the dorso-ventral direction across two eyes ofCarolinites killaryensis utahensiswere found to have medians of 2.13 and 3.24. Values measured in the antero-posterior direction have medians of 3.17 and 4.86 for the two eyes. Values measured in the dorso-ventral direction across two eyes ofPricyclopyge binodosahave medians of 4.23 and 4.98, while values measured in the antero-posterior direction have medians of 7.06 and 8.31. Eye parameters are higher inPricyclopygethan inCarolinites,the difference statistically significant atp= 0.05. The eyes ofPricyclopygeare optimally designed for lower levels of illumination than are those ofCarolinites.This accords with the previous interpretations of the former trilobite as mesopelagic and the latter as epipelagic.
Ghost lineages and “mammalness”: assessing the temporal pattern of
character acquisition in the Synapsida
Authors: Sidor Christian A. , Hopson James A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The origin of mammals has been characterized as a gradual process, a
claim based primarily on a well-preserved series of extinct nonmammalian
synapsids (“mammal-like reptiles”) that span some 200 million years. In
contrast to the origin of many other higher taxa, the origin of mammals from
within cynodont-grade therapsids is not considered to coincide with a major
morphological change, but rather to be simply the culmination of a series of
more and more mammal-like transitional forms. To test these assertions, an
asymmetrical cladogram extending from primitive “pelycosaurs” to
morganucodontid mammaliaforms was created. Three different methodologies
were then used to compare the amount of morphological change between nodes
on this cladogram with the minimum missing time interval between each node,
as inferred from sister taxon-based ghost lineages. In general, a
statistically significant positive relationship was found, indicating that
greater numbers of derived features tend to be correlated with longer ghost
lineages. A significant correlation between the number of accumulated
apomorphies and branching events was also found. Although the rate of
character change was variable, in no case was a long ghost lineage
associated with few apomorphies. These correlations are consistent with the
hypothesis that rapid accumulation of derived features occurred relatively
infrequently within the synapsid lineage leading toward mammals and that
gradual character evolution predominated.
Репродуктивные потери в контексте институциального взаимодействия: практики, пространства и траектории заботы
Authors: Литвина Дарья 
Published: August 2022

Репродуктивная потеря (случаи неразвивающейся беременности, выкидыша, мертворождения, прерывания беременности по медицинским показаниям) является не только телесным и психологическим, но и социальным феноменом. Его значение конструируется во взаимодействии многочисленных акторов (женщин, медицинского персонала, психологов, членов семьи), активно участвующих в дискурсивном и материальном производстве смыслов, но чьи интерпретации могут значимо отличаться. Беременность и роды в России медикализированны, большинство женщин проходят через медицинские учреждения в процессе проживания репродуктивной потери. Однако существующие представления и практики заботы не всегда отвечают запросу рожениц – в этом случае женщина испытывает эмоциональное страдание. В последние годы родовспоможение прошло через ряд изменений и реформ, которые оказали влияние на принципы функционирования медицинских институций, их правила и практики. Агенты здравоохранения также изменились – и в контексте этих изменений стал возможен разговор о пациенто-­ориентированной медицине. Для того чтобы разрыв между представлениями женщин о заботе и их опытом в институциальной медицинской среде не был явным, в ряде случаев медицинские сотрудники выстраивают индивидуализированные траектории заботы для своих пациенток, не всегда оказывающихся достаточно устойчивыми. Постепенно происходят изменения, которые приводят к возникновению пространства заботы. Однако трансформация практик и представлений встречается со сложностями, связанными с несовпадением перспектив женщин и медицинских профессионалов. В статье рассматривается реализация практики заботы о женщине и нерожденном в медицинских институциях через обращение к проблемным взаимодействиям женщин и медицинских сотрудников в ситуации репродуктивной потери. Статья основана на 26 интервью с женщинами, у которых есть опыт репродуктивной потери, 20 интервью с профессионалами (врачи, акушерки, психологи, доулы, специалисты перинатальной паллиативной помощи), а также данные наблюдений в медицинских институциях и конспекты обсуждения соответствующих тем на медицинских мероприятиях.
Не знать, но бояться: источники и способы преодоления канцерофобии
Authors: Асатурян Дарья , Старцев Сергей 
Published: August 2022

Человечество научилось лечить или предупреждать множество заболеваний, однако закономерным результатом возросшей продолжительности жизни стал выход на первый план онкологических заболеваний как одной из основных причин смертности. Рак, в силу специфики своей природы и лечения, может вызывать страх, который принято описывать понятием канцерофобии. Безусловно онкология обладает выраженными физиологическими причинами для страха, однако то, как этот страх воплощается и нивелируется, во многом связано с культурными и социально-­экономическими особенностями среды. На основе анализа 37 глубинных интервью делается попытка ответить на вопрос, что пугает людей, лично не имевших опыта онкологического заболевания, и как подобный страх преодолевается в повседневной жизни. Анализ нарративов позволяет сделать предположение о том, что страх онкологического заболевания неразрывно связан с представлениями о состоянии здравоохранения и уровнем социально-­экономического развития страны. Низкий уровень доверия институту медицины при этом может замещаться верой в отдельного специалиста, знакомство с которым и станет потенциальным «спасением» от онкологического заболевания. Высокая степень неопределенности, связанная как с особенностями самой болезни, так и социально-­культурным контекстом, в котором она потенциально может проживаться, преодолевается несколькими способами. Один из них – формулировка обыденных теорий (lay theories) о причинах возникновения, профилактике и лечении рака, позволяющих редуцировать комплексное заболевание до конкретных, контролируемых факторов. Особенно ярко выражены психосоматические обыденные теории: «мысли о раке», «недовольство жизнью», «стресс» – одни из ключевых причин онкологического заболевания, по мнению респондентов. Немаловажную роль в преодолении страха играет повышенная агентность индивидов в поле заботы о себе. Так, антираковые практики, которые люди привносят в свою повседневность, способны снижать иррациональный страх перед заболеванием. Противоположной стратегией становится фаталистическая позиция по отношению к заболеванию, а также узкий горизонт планирования – онкология не воспринимается как явление, лежащее в поле актуальных проблем, и проигрывает более насущным социальным и экономическим вызовам.
The Expertise of Patient Organisations: Making Patients’ Voices Heard
Authors: Холявин Артур , Звонарёва Ольга 
Published: August 2022

The article discusses how the Russian patient organisations work on making patients’ needs, experiences, and grievances visible, acknowledged and used by state health governing officials and other experts. First, we present a health governance knowledge hierarchy that reflects different value assigned by healthcare governance actors to different knowledges. At the bottom of the identified hierarchy are the 'lay' experiences of individual patients, whereas policy-­making knowledge ranks the highest. Each type of knowledge is distinguished from others with its own language, logic and, most importantly, material world and forms of action. We advance the two key arguments. First, patient organisations work to facilitate interaction between different actors and co-creation of health governance. Second, a crucial element of this work are organisational operational practices. Several major patient organisations are the key actors being recognised by state institutions. These organisations facilitate collaboration via project and event management, as well as aggregate 'lay' expertise-by-experience of their members and produce knowledge understandable and recognisable by decision-­making actors. Methodologically, the article is based on the descriptive coding of available textual data of the key policy documents, legislation, methodological materials and other documents produced by the Russian patient organisations, as well as online ethnography of project activities, patient surveys, schools of patients and other knowledge disseminating vocational training, public council meetings, and other patient community engagement with state officials. In conclusion, the article summarises how Russian patient organisations strive to make their participation in health governance possible. They do so via reliance on organisational operational skills in maintaining collaborations with other actors, as well as wider knowledge production activities.
On the Interpretation of Conditional Ground-Motion Models
Authors: Macedo Jorge , Liu Chenying , Abrahamson Norman A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, a number of conditional ground-motion models (CGMMs) have been developed for intensity measures (IMs) other than pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) values that are particularly useful for geotechnical earthquake engineering problems. In a CGMM, a non-PSA IM is conditioned on PSA IMs, and other earthquake parameters (e.g., magnitude Mw, rupture distance Rrup) as well as site conditions (e.g., the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m VS30). Even though CGMMs are useful in engineering practice, their interpretation in the context of traditional (non-CGMM) has not been discussed to the authors’ best knowledge. In this study, we provide an interpretation of CGMMs in terms of the scaling difference between the spectral and nonspectral IMs used in the formulation of a CGMM and the coefficient of correlation of these spectral and nonspectral IMs. In addition, the interpretation can derive into an alternative procedure for calculating correlation coefficients between PSA IMs and non-PSA IMs, which is illustrated.
Crustal Strain Rates in the Western United States and Their Relationship with Earthquake Rates
Authors: Kreemer Corné , Young Zachary M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a suite of strain rate models for the western United States based on geologic and geodetic data. The geologic data consist of Quaternary fault-slip rates and the geodetic data consists of a new compilation of Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities derived from continuous, semicontinuous, and campaign measurements. We remove postseismic deformation from the GPS time series in order for our geodetic strain rate model to best capture the interseismic strain accumulation rate. We present models based on either geologic or geodetic data, but also create a hybrid model. Although there are some differences between the models, the large-scale features are the same, with the noticeable exception for the Pacific Northwest where interseismic strain is naturally more distributed than the long-term strain release. We also present a map of earthquake rate densities based on mainshocks, and the result has similar spatial features similar to the strain rate models (at least in the southwestern United States). We perform a general correlation analysis between strain rate and seismicity rate (south of Cascadia) and find a change in linearity between seismicity and strain rates from slow to faster deforming areas with seismicity rates relatively lower for the latter. The extent of that change depends a bit on assumptions made on the declustering and completeness of the catalog, but the finding of a change in slope is robust across the different strain rate models. Linearity for all areas is only expected when Gutenberg–Richter parameters and parameters involved in the conversion from strain to moment rate are uniform across the study area. We discuss these qualifications, but find no single satisfactory explanation for our observation. Moreover, when considering a rather short time and space, theoretical considerations of sampling from a power-law distribution actually predict there to be a power law instead of a linear relationship, generally consistent with our observation.
The Epidemiologic and Sociodemographic Features of Superficial Fungal Infection Among Children in East Java Suburban Public Hospital
Authors: Prakoeswa Flora Ramona Sigit , Pramuningtyas Ratih , Dimawan Rully Setia Agus 
Published: August 2022

Background: Superficial fungal infection is a common skin disease among children, causing morbidity and reducing quality of life. The disease's prevalence and etiological agents change with geographic area, age, humidity, and sex. The data on this matter is still limited in Indonesia. Purpose: To determine the current epidemiologic and sociodemographic features of superficial fungal infection among children. Methods: This descriptive study examined all the pediatric inpatients and outpatients at the Department of Dermatology and Venerology of East Java suburban Public Hospital in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 who met the inclusion criteria. Result: From 2016 to 2020, the number of fungal infection patients was 12.3% (n = 175) among 1,427 dermatology patients. Pityriasis versicolor (PVC) is the most common fungal skin disease (4.1%), followed by tinea capitis (2.2%), tinea cruris (1.6%), and tinea corporis (1.4%). Subjects aged 6 to 12 years old were the most likely to be infected with a fungus. Boys were more likely to develop this infection. Conclusion: From 2017 to 2020, there was a downward trend in children's superficial fungal infections. Pityriasis versicolor (PVC) is a fungal skin ailment that cause the most cases compared to other fungal infections. Boys and children between the ages of 6 to 12 years old were the most susceptible to fungal infection.
Land Subsidence Due to Creep of the Gulf Coast Aquifer System in the Houston-Galveston Region
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Jiang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The compaction measurements of Quaternary and Tertiary Gulf Coast aquifer system sediments in the Houston-Galveston region (TX) show spatially variable compression of 0.08 to 8.49 mm/yr because of geohistorical overburden pressure when groundwater levels in the aquifer system were stable after about the year 2000. An aquifer-system creep equation is developed for evaluating this variable compression, with a thickness-weighted average creep coefficient based on Taylor's (1942) secondary consolidation theory. The temporal variation of aquifer system creep can be neglected in a short-term observation period (such as a decade) after a long-term creep period (such as over 1,000 years) in geohistory. The creep coefficient of the Gulf Coast aquifer system is found to be in a range of 8.74 × 10−5 to 3.94 × 10−3 (dimensionless), with an average of 1.38 × 10−3. Moreover, for silty clay or clay-dominant aquitards in the Gulf Coast aquifer system the creep coefficient value varies in the range of 2.21 × 10−4 to 3.94 × 10−3, which is consistent with values found by Mesri (1973) for most soils, which vary in the range of creep coefficient, 1 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−3. Land subsidence due to secondary consolidation of the Gulf Coast aquifer system is estimated to be 0.04 to 4.33 m in the 20th century and is projected to be 0.01 to 0.64 m in the 21st century at the 13 borehole extensometer locations in the Houston-Galveston region. The significant creep should be considered in the relative sea level rise, in addition to tectonic subsidence and primary consolidation.
Cryptanalysis of the quantum public-key cryptosystem OTU under heuristics from combinatorial statements
Authors: Kamada Shoichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The knapsack cryptography is the public-key cryptography whose security depends mainly on the hardness of the subset sum problem. Many of knapsack schemes were broken by low-density attacks, which are attack methods to use the situation that a shortest vector or a closest vector in a lattice corresponds to a solution of the subset sum problem. For the case when the Hamming weight of a solution for a random instance of the subset sum problem is arbitrary, if the density is less than 0.9408, then the instance can be solvable almost surely by a single call of lattice oracle. This fact was theoretically shown by Coster et al. In Crypto 2000, Okamoto, Tanaka and Uchiyama introduced the concept of quantum public key cryptosystems and proposed a knapsack cryptosystem, so-called OTU scheme. However, no known algorithm breaks the OTU scheme. In this paper, we introduce some combinatorial statements to describe necessary condition for the failure of low density attacks. More precisely, we give better heuristics than Gaussian heuristics for minimum norms of orthogonal lattices. Consequently, we show that the OTU scheme can be broken under these heuristics.
Decision-making changes for patients and medical personnel in the management of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: cai Xuan , Bi Jingtao , Zheng Zhixue , Liu Yaqi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. During the pandemic, to contain the spread of COVID-19, there were some integral changes in the medical processes based on the pandemic prevention policy, especially about emergency surgery.This study was conducted to investigate whether this pandemic had also an impact on the decision-making for both patients and medical personnel along with the treatment outcomes. Methods: Patients of age 18 years or older who were diagnosed radiologically with acute appendicitis between Jan 1, 2017 and Dec 31, 2020 were reviewed. The data of 1991 cases were collected and used for this study. Two groups were formed, one group before and the other group after the outbreak.The gathered data included gender, age, appendiceal fecalith, outcomes of treatment, and long-term outcomes of non-operation (8 months follow-up). We also collected details of surgical cases from above two groups. This data also included age, gender, appendiceal fecalith, fever, jaundice, length of onset before presenting to an emergency department (ED), anesthesia, surgery, white cell count, pathology, complications, and length of stay. We compared above data respectively, and analyzed the differences.Results: Compared to the period before the outbreak, patient visits for acute appendicitis remarkably dropped (19.8%), but surgical cases showed no change (dropped by roughly 5%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in failure of non-operation(after pandemic 8.31% vs. before pandemic 3.22%), interval appendectomy(after pandemic 6.29% vs. before pandemic 12.84%), recurrence , and outcomes of recurrence. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in anesthesia method , surgery way, and complications( before pandemic 4.15% vs. after pandemic9.89% P<0.05) in patients who underwent the surgery. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) with respect to age, gender, fever, jaundice, appendiceal fecalith, white cell count, and length of onset before presenting to the ED.Conclusions: Non-operation is a flexible and secure treatment option. Laparoscopic appendectomy might be a better choice than open surgery. The current pandemic prevention policy is very effective, but it affected the decision-making process of patients and medical personnel along with some treatment outcomes.