bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titrimetric‐comparable BN results determined for in‐service lubricants using quantitative FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: van de Voort Frederik , Furness Daniel , Viset Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new stoichiometric FTIR Base Number (BN) method of significant utility and analytical benefit to the tribology sector has been developed, providing ASTM D4739‐comparable BN results in lieu of titration in a fraction of the time. Thirty‐six new/in‐service oils analysed by both methods were linearly related with a between‐method accuracy of ~±1.0 BN and a within‐FTIR method reproducibility of ~±0.50 BN. Acid pKa differences and the comparative similarity of the FTIR results to HCl titration are discussed, including analytical benefits. It provides a rapid means of producing quality ASTM‐comparable results, taking ~1 min/sample for spectral analysis versus 30–40 min for potentiometric titration. Method protocols are best suited to an open architecture FTIR accessory but can be readily adapted to flow cell equipped FTIRs. As structured, ASTM‐like results are obtained rapidly with a major analytical environmental/maintenance footprint reduction, being ideally suited for in‐service lubricant or research labs analysing 20–50 samples/day.
Generating series for the E‐polynomials of GL(n,C)$GL(n,{\mathbb {C}})$‐character varieties
Authors: Florentino Carlos , Nozad Azizeh , Zamora Alfonso 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith , let be the G‐character variety of a given finitely presented group Γ, and let be the locus of irreducible representation conjugacy classes. We provide a concrete relation, in terms of plethystic functions, between the generating series for E‐polynomials of and the one for , generalizing a formula of Mozgovoy–Reineke. The proof uses a natural stratification of coming from affine GIT, the combinatorics of partitions, and the formula of MacDonald–Cheah for symmetric products; we also adapt it to the so‐called Cartan brane in the moduli space of Higgs bundles. Combining our methods with arithmetic ones yields explicit expressions for the E‐polynomials, and Euler characteristics, of the irreducible stratum of ‐character varieties of some groups Γ, including surface groups, free groups, and torus knot groups, for low values of n.
Characterizing the variability and meteorological drivers of wind power and solar power generation over Africa
Authors: Bloomfield Hannah C. , Wainwright Caroline M. , Mitchell Nick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has the lowest energy access rates in the world, which poses a key barrier to power system development. Deployment of renewables, including wind and solar power, will play a key role in expanding electricity supply across SSA: distributed generation (enabling access for remote communities), cost‐effectiveness and low emissions are key advantages. However, renewable generation is weather dependent; therefore, including more renewables increases the amount of meteorologically driven variability in the power system. Two countries in SSA are chosen for detailed investigation of this meteorologically driven variability: Senegal in West Africa and Kenya in East Africa. These are chosen due to being areas of dense population, where there is operational wind and solar power, and plans for regional expansion. In Senegal, solar generation is fairly consistent throughout the year, while wind generation exhibits strong seasonality, with a peak in the boreal spring. Low wind and solar power generation days during the boreal summer are found to be related to the passage of African Easterly Waves. Over Kenya, both wind and solar generation exhibit seasonal variability, with wind generation peaking during boreal autumn, and solar generation at a minimum during boreal summer. Inter‐annual variability in generation is greater over Kenya than over Senegal; the El Nino Southern Oscillation is found to impact wind and solar generation over Kenya. El Nino phases are associated with lower wind and solar generation in October–December over Kenya, but higher generation in July–September. This improved understanding of variability will assist system planners in designing reliable future energy systems.
Interaction of the Silver(I) Cation with [2.2]Paracyclophane: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Vaňura Petr , Sýkora David , Uhlíková Tereza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to investigate the cation‐π interaction of Ag+ cation with [2.2]paracyclophane. It was found that cationic Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)+ and Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)2+ complex species are formed in the gas phase. Further, applying quantum mechanical calculations in the frame of the density functional theory, using B3LYP functional with Def2TZVP basis set, the most probable structures of the proved Ag+ ‐ [2.2]paracyclophane complexes were derived. In the Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)+ complex, the cation Ag+ is bounded to three carbon atoms of one benzene ring of [2.2]paracyclophane ligand via cation‐π interaction. Quite analogously is bonded also second [2.2]paracyclophane molecule in Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)2+ complex. The interaction energy, E(int), of Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)+ complex was calculated to be −220.79 kJ/mol, E(int) of Ag.([2.2]paracyclophane)2+ complex is −362.67 kJ/mol. It is consistent with the formation of the considered Ag+ ‐ [2.2]paracyclophane complex species.
Microgravity Removes Reaction Limits from Nonpolar Nanoparticle Agglomeration
Authors: Pyttlik Andrea , Kuttich Björn , Kraus Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGravity can affect the agglomeration of nanoparticles by changing convection and sedimentation. The temperature‐induced agglomeration of hexadecanethiol‐capped gold nanoparticles in microgravity (µ g) is studied at the ZARM (Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity) drop tower and compared to their agglomeration on the ground (1 g). Nonpolar nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 13 nm are dispersed in tetradecane, rapidly cooled from 70 to 10 °C to induce agglomeration, and observed by dynamic light scattering at a time resolution of 1 s. The mean hydrodynamic diameters of the agglomerates formed after 8 s in microgravity are 3 times (for low initial concentrations) to 5 times (at high initial concentrations) larger than on the ground. The observations are consistent with an agglomeration process that is closer to the reaction limit on thground and closer to the diffusion limit in microgravity.
Vergleich vakuumbasierter Dichtheitsprüfmethoden
Authors: Engel Lukas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie wiederholbare und genaue Prüfung der Integrität von Primärverpackungen ist unerlässlich, um die Qualität und Wirksamkeit von pharmazeutischen Produkten zu gewährleisten. Seit Jahrzehnten werden hauptsächlich die Blaubadmethode und das Verfahren des mikrobiellen Eindringens eingesetzt. In jüngster Zeit drängen offizielle Richtlinien wie die USP <1207> auf den Einsatz deterministischer und zerstörungsfreier Methoden. In einer Vergleichsstudie sind die bekannten Studien von Kirsch und Burrel zusammengebracht worden. Mehr als 500 Glasfläschchen wurden mit Defekten (Mikroröhrchen und Glasmikropipetten) präpariert. Die Proben sind neben dem Blaubadtest mit drei vakuumbasierten Dichtheitsprüfmethoden geprüft worden: HeliumLecktest, optische Emissionsspektroskopie und Mass Extraction. Die Studienergebnisse vergleichen die vakuumbasierten Methoden mit dem Blaubadtest und bilden eine Entscheidungshilfe, die Methode zu wechseln und den neuen Richtlinien zu entsprechen.
Immersive virtual reality and passive haptic interfaces to improve procedural learning in a formal training course for first responders
Authors: Calandra Davide , De Lorenzis Federico , Cannavò Alberto , Lamberti Fabrizio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne key aspect for the safety and success of first responders’ operations is the compliance, during the intervention, with all the safety procedures and prescribed behaviors. Although real-world simulation exercises are considered as the best way to verify if operators are ready to handle emergency situations, they are not always a viable approach. Firefighting courses, for example, do not usually include this kind of activities, due to the numerous hazards related to deploying controlled fires for the simulation. However, traditional training approaches based on class lessons and multimedia learning material may not be particularly effective for teaching practical skills and procedural behaviors. In this work, the use of a Virtual Reality Training Simulation (VRTS) combined with passive haptic interfaces and a real-time fire simulation logic is investigated as a complement to a traditional video-based training approach used in the context of forest firefighting. The teaching of safety concepts and correct use of individual firefighting tools was selected as a use case, and a user study involving 45 trainees was carried out in the context of an existing training course. One third of the trainees attended the traditional video-based lessons of the course, whereas the remaining ones also took part to a practice training session, half of them with the devised VRTS, the others in the real world. Experimental results showed that the additional use of the devised VRTS improved the trainees’ procedural learning, as well as their motivation and perceived quality of the overall learning experience.
Summer pollen flora in rural and urban central England dominated by nettle, ryegrass and other pollen missed by the national aerobiological network
Authors: Hanson Mary , Petch Geoff , Ottosen Thor-Bjørn , Skjøth Carsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbundance and diversity of airborne pollen are important to human health and biodiversity. The UK operational network collects airborne pollen from 8 flowering trees, grasses and three weeds using Hirst traps and microscopic identification from urban areas. Knowledge of total pollen diversity and differences between rural and urban zones is limited. We collect environmental DNA (eDNA) from air during summer and autumn over 3 years with mini cyclones from one urban and one rural site. Data are analysed using next generation sequencing and metabarcoding. We find the most common genus, Urtica (57%), is also identified by the national network. The grasses Lolium (10%), Agrostis (2%) and Holcus (1%) are in the national network grouped at family level, while Brassica (2%), Chenopodium (1%), Impatiens (2%), Plantago (4%) and Tilia (7%) are not part of the UK operational network. DNA from 138 genera was identified, where 2% of the sample could not be associated with specific genera. 40% of the sample was classified better using eDNA methods at the genus level, than by optical methods. We calculate Bray–Curtis dissimilarity for the rural and urban zones and find a systematic difference in biodiversity. Overall, this shows airborne DNA reveals more information than methods based on morphological differences. The results also suggest data from sites located in large urban areas will be less representative for less populated rural areas. This presents a dilemma in balancing a network and the associated costs delivering health relevant information to the most populated areas vs. a nation-wide approach.
Distinguishing the Dimensions of the Original Dysfunctional Attitude Scale in an Archival Clinical Sample
Authors: Brown Gary P. , Delgadillo Jaime , Golino Hudson 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale measures depression related enduring beliefs and is one of the central measures of cognitive behavioral (CBT) research and theory. It has been the central marker of etiological claims of CBT, and so any change to the understanding of the composition of the DAS would have potentially far-reaching implications for a large body of literature. We sought to capitalize on advances in psychometric techniques since the original 100-item DAS was last analyzed in a sufficiently large clinical sample to provide a definitive measurement model of this important instrument. Beyond the two dimensions usually found on the shorter forms of the scale, we identified the following subscales: imperatives, cognitive flexibility, and negative expectancy. This richer and more precise DAS structure renews its potential to meet the challenge of predicting who is prone to develop depression or experience a recurrence.
Aerial and underwater drones for marine litter monitoring in shallow coastal waters: factors influencing item detection and cost-efficiency
Authors: Escobar-Sánchez Gabriela , Markfort Greta , Berghald Mareike , Ritzenhofen Lukas , Schernewski Gerald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough marine litter monitoring has increased over the years, the pollution of coastal waters is still understudied and there is a need for spatial and temporal data. Aerial (UAV) and underwater (ROV) drones have demonstrated their potential as monitoring tools at coastal sites; however, suitable conditions for use and cost-efficiency of the methods still need attention. This study tested UAVs and ROVs for the monitoring of floating, submerged, and seafloor items using artificial plastic plates and assessed the influence of water conditions (water transparency, color, depth, bottom substrate), item characteristics (color and size), and method settings (flight/dive height) on detection accuracy. A cost-efficiency analysis suggests that both UAV and ROV methods lie within the same cost and efficiency category as current on-boat observation and scuba diving methods and shall be considered for further testing in real scenarios for official marine litter monitoring methods.
Automated 3D burr detection in cast manufacturing using sparse convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed , Kvam Johannes , Onstein Ingrid Fjordheim , Bakken Marianne , Schulerud Helene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor automating deburring of cast parts, this paper proposes a general method for estimating burr height using 3D vision sensor that is robust to missing data in the scans and sensor noise. Specifically, we present a novel data-driven method that learns features that can be used to align clean CAD models from a workpiece database to the noisy and incomplete geometry of a RGBD scan. Using the learned features with Random sample consensus (RANSAC) for CAD to scan registration, learned features improve registration result as compared to traditional approaches by (translation error ($$\Delta $$
Δ
18.47 mm) and rotation error($$\Delta 43 ^\circ $$

Δ

43
∘

)) and accuracy(35%) respectively. Furthermore, a 3D-vision based automatic burr detection and height estimation technique is presented. The estimated burr heights were verified and compared with measurements from a high resolution industrial CT scanning machine. Together with registration, our burr height estimation approach is able to estimate burr height similar to high resolution CT scans with Z-statistic value ($$z=0.279$$

z
=
0.279

).
Chondrogenic potential of manganese-loaded composite scaffold combined with chondrocytes for articular cartilage defect
Authors: Wei Li , Qin Shuai , Ye Yulin , Hu Jiawei , Luo Danyang , Li Yusi , Gao Yiming , Jiang Liting , Zhou Qi , Xie Xianfei , Li Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCartilage is an alymphatic, avascular and non-innervated tissue. Lack of potential regenerative capacity to reconstruct chondral defect has accelerated investigation and development of new strategy for cartilage repair. We prepared a manganese ion-incorporated natupolymer-based scaffold with chitosan-gelatin by freeze-drying procedure. The scaffold was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, compressive testing, and analysis of porosity and flexibility. Live/dead assay confirmed the good cytocompatibility of prepared scaffold on rat articular chondrocytes after 10 days and 4 weeks of culture. The manganese-loaded composite scaffold upregulated the expression of chondrogenic-related markers (Sox9, integrin, and Col II) in chondrocytes. Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from chondrocytes grown on scaffolds indicated the signaling pathways of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 played a key role. Histological analysis following implantation of current composite scaffold loaded with chondrocytes into a rat articular cartilage defect model showed that the scaffolds promoted the formation of collagen II and cartilage repair. These findings suggested the potential of manganese-loaded scaffold to promote new cartilage formation and a promising strategy for articular cartilage engineering application.
Phases of Small Worlds: A Mean Field Formulation
Authors: Jackson Andrew D. , Patil Subodh P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA network is said to have the properties of a small world if a suitably defined average distance between any two nodes is proportional to the logarithm of the number of nodes,N. In this paper, we present a novel derivation of the small-world property for Gilbert–Erdös–Renyi random networks. We employ a mean field approximation that permits the analytic derivation of the distribution of shortest paths that exhibits logarithmic scaling away from the phase transition, inferable via a suitably interpreted order parameter. We begin by framing the problem in generality with a formal generating functional for undirected weighted random graphs with arbitrary disorder, recovering the result that the free energy associated with an ensemble of Gilbert graphs corresponds to a system of non-interacting fermions identified with the edge states. We then present a mean field solution for this model and extend it to more general realizations of network randomness. For a two family class of stochastic block models that we refer to as dimorphic networks, which allow for links within the different families to be drawn from two independent discrete probability distributions, we find the mean field approximation maps onto a spin chain combinatorial problem and again yields useful approximate analytic expressions for mean path lengths. Dimorophic networks exhibit a richer phase structure, where distinct small world regimes separate in analogy to the spinodal decomposition of a fluid. We find that is it possible to induce small world behavior in sub-networks that by themselves would not be in the small-world regime.
Molecular dynamics simulation of polypropylene: diffusion and sorption of H2O, H2O2, H2, O2 and determination of the glass transition temperature
Authors: Deckers Fabian , Rasim Karsten , Schröder Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations in the canonical (NVT) and the isothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble using COMPASS III molecular force fields were performed to study the penetrant diffusion of water (H2O), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2) in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and hydrogen (H2) in iPP and atactic polypropylene (aPP) for time intervals up to 11 ns and in the case of H2O2 up to 22 ns. We found robust cluster formation in the case of H2O and H2O2. Further, the diffusion coefficients for all these systems were estimated by mean-square displacement analysis. Our results are consistent with previously published experimental and computational data except for the diffusion of H2 in polypropylene where our results are one and two orders of magnitude higher, respectively. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were used to determine the sorption loading and saturation concentration of H2O, O2 and H2 in iPP, where we find good agreement for H2O with experimental results. By means of MD simulation the glass transition temperature (Tg) of iPP was estimated to 273.66 ± 4.21 K which is consistent with previously published experimental results.
Fault estimation and fault tolerant control for interval type-2 Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems via membership-function-dependent approach
Authors: Zhou Hongying , Lam Hak-Keung , Xiao Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the fault estimation (FE)-based fault tolerant control (FTC) technique to achieve the desired control performance for the nonlinear systems suffering from uncertainties, external disturbance and actuator faults using the interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model. In this work, an IT2 fuzzy observer is built to simultaneously estimate both the system states and actuator faults, upon which a fault tolerant controller is proposed to guarantee the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system with a prescribed$$H_{\infty }$$H∞performance level. Considering the bidirectional robustness interactions between the observer and FTC system, an integrated design technique is developed to address observer and FTC units together in one step to realize the required robustness within the whole closed-loop FTC system. By utilizing Lyapunov stability theory combined with the matrix inequality convexification techniques, a membership-function-dependent (MFD) FTC strategy is proposed where the information of membership functions is taken into account in the analysis for relaxation of the stability conditions. Additionally, to offer greater design flexibility and lower implementation cost to the fault tolerant controller, the imperfect premise matching (IPM) scheme is adopted, such that the premise membership functions of the fault tolerant controller can be chosen differently from those of IT2 fuzzy model. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed FTC strategy.
Sign of the Times: Legal Persons, Digitality and the Impact on Personal Autonomy
Authors: Englezos Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToday, data and intervening digital media provide critical lines of communication with our social and business connections. Even those we know personally will typically connect to us via digital means. As a consequence, data and the digital space add a third dimension to the individual: we are now mind, body and digitality. This essay considers how digitality affects outcomes for the individual by exploring the mechanisms of digital influence. By using Peirce’s theory of semiosis to explain the process of digital translation, this essay demonstrates how digitality influences the development of the individual, undermines personal autonomy and changes the nature of legal personhood thereby providing points for future legal intervention.
Comparison of two turbulence parameterisations for the simulation of the concentration variance dispersion
Authors: Ferrero Enrico , Alessandrini Stefano , Meech Scott , Rozoff Christopher , Oettl Dietmar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, we compare two different parameterisations for the wind velocity–component standard deviations. The first one is the (Hanna 1982) parameterisation, while the second is the (Scire et al. 2000) parameterisation, which provide the proper values and vertical structure for the wind standard deviations in the convective, neutral and stable layers, needed as input the Lagrangian stochastic model SPRAYWEB. The results of the model simulations carried out using the two parameterisations are compared, in terms of both mean concentration and concentration standard deviation, by evaluating some statistical indexes and trough scatter- and qq-plots.