bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with biological aging: Intervention‐induced enhancement of couple functioning confers resilience
Authors: Lei Man‐Kit , Beach Steven R. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe accelerated pace of biological aging predicts mortality and morbidity later in life. The current study examines whether a change in supportive couple functioning buffers accelerated aging associated with stressful community environments among Black Americans who live in rural, Southern, disadvantaged neighborhoods. We examined 348 Black American middle‐aged adults assigned randomly to receive the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) intervention or a control condition. The program was designed to enhance supportive couple functioning among Black Americans. We used DunedinPoAm to quantify the methylation pace of aging and employed the Area Deprivation Index at the census block group level to measure neighborhood disadvantage. Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with the accelerated pace of aging. Further, participation in ProSAAF enhanced supportive couple functioning, and improvement in couple functioning protected participants from the harmful effects of neighborhood disadvantage on the accelerated pace of aging. These findings supported mediated moderation and suggested that family‐based prevention programs that enhance couple support may decrease the erosive effects of neighborhood disadvantage and improve prospects for healthy aging among rural, Southern, Black Americans living in difficult circumstances. This may provide a supplemental strategy for decreasing health disparities due to neighborhood disadvantage by enhancing family systems.
Branching archaeocyaths as ecosystem engineers during the Cambrian radiation
Authors: Manzuk Ryan A. , Maloof Adam C. , Kaandorp Jaap A. , Webster Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rapid origination and diversification of major animal body plans during the early Cambrian coincide with the rise of Earth's first animal‐built framework reefs. Given the importance of scleractinian coral reefs as ecological facilitators in modern oceans, we investigate the impact of archaeocyathan (Class Archaeocyatha) reefs as engineered ecosystems during the Cambrian radiation. In this study, we present the first high‐resolution, three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of branching archaeocyathide (Order Archaeocyathida) individuals from three localities on the Laurentian paleocontinent. Because branched forms in sponges and corals display phenotypic plasticity that preserve the characteristics of the surrounding growth environment, we compare morphological measurements from our fossil specimens to those of modern corals to infer the surface conditions of Earth's first reefs. These data demonstrate that archaeocyaths could withstand and influence the flow of water, accommodate photosymbionts, and build topographically complex and stable structures much like corals today. We also recognize a stepwise increase in the roughness of reef environments in the lower Cambrian, which would have laid a foundation for more abundant and diverse coevolving fauna.
THE GOTTSCHEERS: FROM A CENTRAL EUROPEAN ENCLAVE TO ASSIMILATION IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Stadler Derek 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIn the fourteenth century, a group of German‐speaking settlers established a colony named Gottschee in what is now Slovenia. The results of World War II banished Gottscheers from Slovenia and they relocated to Austrian refugee camps. While some Gottscheers later moved to other European countries, a large number migrated to existing Gottscheer or German communities in North America as refugees, practising cultural traditions in large cities such as New York and Cleveland. Like other German immigrants who initially settled in large American cities, many Gottscheers moved from urban areas and assimilated, soon after arrival or a few generations later. In fact, Gottscheers are one embodiment of the collective assimilation experience of Germans who migrated to North America. Formerly, once large communities of German immigrants who contributed to both United States and Canadian society have all but disappeared. This study investigates how and why Gottscheers created discrete ethnic communities in the United States and Canada that flourished in the pre‐ and postwar years. It also analyses the present state of Gottscheer communities to determine why Gottscheers and their descendants may assimilate into American society.
“Having a family is the new normal”: Parenting in neoliberal academia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: França Thais , Godinho Filipa , Padilla Beatriz , Vicente Mara , Amâncio Lígia , Fernandes Ana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has made explicit the burden of care shouldered by academic mothers, in addition to juggling their scholarly commitments. Although discussions are abundant on the impact of caring responsibilities on the careers of women academics, neoliberal academia continues to minimize such struggles. Despite the disruptions to family routines caused by the health crisis, academic institutions have expected academic mothers and fathers to continue undertaking their professional responsibilities at the same level as before, disregarding their parenting demands. This paper contributes to the research on parenthood in academia by looking at how, throughout the pandemic, academic parents have negotiated the tensions between parenthood and academic demands, and by investigating the strategies they use to confront neoliberal culture of academic performativity, even amid the health crisis. The paper engages with the “space invaders” concept used by Puwar (2004) to analyze the “hypervisibility” of academic mothers' and fathers' “bodies out of place” during the pandemic, and to investigate their “renegade acts” against the uncaring attitudes of their institutions. Evidence is drawn from a qualitative study conducted during December 2020 and January 2021 among scholars affiliated to Portuguese academic institutions: 17 in‐depth interviews conducted with women, and two mixed‐gender focus groups. Our results research reveal how the experiences of academic mothers and fathers were not uniform during the pandemic. In addition, it shows how, despite their commitment to their academic responsibilities, these parents have crafted various resistance strategies to confront the institutional pressure to continue maintain their working routines, and instead positioning themselves as “more than just academics.”
Nummular headache responsive to anti‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies in a patient with migraine
Authors: López‐Bravo Alba , Oliveros‐Cid Antonio , Mínguez‐Olaondo Ane , Cuadrado María Luz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNummular headache (NH) is defined by the presence of localized pain circumscribed to a round or elliptical area of the scalp, with a well‐defined contour and a diameter of 1–6 cm. Although some evidence supports a peripheral mechanism, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear.CaseWe report the case of a 64‐year‐old man with high‐frequency episodic migraine who has used topiramate, beta‐blockers, flunarizine, and amitriptyline without effect. In the last 8 years he also had continuous pain in an oval area of the scalp, consistent with NH. Triptans were ineffective for this new pain, and preventive therapy with gabapentin and onabotulinumtoxinA in the painful area had no effect. NH remitted when the patient received monthly treatment with subcutaneous galcanezumab for his migraine.ConclusionsMonoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), in particular galcanezumab, might be an effective therapy in some patients with NH. CGRP may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of this headache, which warrants further investigation.
Characteristics of migraine in patients with headache disorders: A clinic‐based study from Central American and Caribbean countries
Authors: Monterrey Priscilla , González Mónica , Ramírez Deyanira , Gracia Fernando , Henríquez Freddy , Pérez‐Franco Eka , Díaz Alejandro , Vásquez Juan F. , Benzadón Aarón , Obage Jeanine , Luna Diego , Pertuz Wilfran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to measure the proportion of patients who consulted for headache and of those who had a final diagnosis of migraine. We also assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients with migraine and the impact of migraine on the daily activities and the professional and social lives of patients visiting private/public medical centers in Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and the Dominican Republic.BackgroundUnderdiagnosis of migraine is high in Central America and Caribbean urban communities. However, there is limited knowledge on characteristics of headache disorders for the appropriate classification of migraine, which is a prerequisite for targeted treatment. Hence, there is a need to improve migraine awareness among patients and medical professionals in this region.MethodsCentral America and Caribbean countries epidemioLogy study of Migraine (CALM) was a non‐interventional, cross‐sectional, multinational study in adults aged 18–65 years with a history of or current headache. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with migraine visiting medical centers due to headache disorders. Using a specially designed migraine survey questionnaire, patients self‐reported migraine characteristics, duration, and severity of attacks and impact on work and social life.ResultsOf the 313 enrolled patients, 308 (98.4%) completed the study. Approximately 75.3% (232/308) of patients with headache visiting medical centers had migraine, with episodic migraine being the most common (193 [83.2%]). Overall, 34/308 (11.0%) patients had a new diagnosis of migraine. Among patients with migraine, 66 (28.4%) had a history of migraine for ≥20 years and 59 (25.4%) experienced severe pain. Overall, 52.2% (121/232) of patients reported that migraine affected their professional life and 78.4% (182/232) reported an impact on social life.ConclusionThe CALM study establishes that a high proportion of patients with migraine had a long duration and high severity of migraine attacks, leading to a direct impact on work/social life as well as on costs incurred by patients in these countries.
Immune restoration affects 10‐year survival in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Aksak‐Wąs Bogusz Jan , Kowalska Justyna D. , Ząbek Piotr , Serwin Karol , Rafalska‐Kosior Milena , Gołąb Joanna , Chober Daniel , Skonieczna‐Żydecka Karolina , Hackiewicz Małgorzata , Parczewski Miłosz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, a reduction in the life expectancy gap between people living with HIV (PLWH) and the general population has been observed, irrespective of CD4 lymphocyte count, due to widespread access to antiretroviral treatment. The increase in the life expectancy of PLWH has increased awareness of both the ageing process and gender discrepancies in immune restoration and survival.Materials and MethodsLongitudinal data were collected for 2240 patients followed up at the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland (n = 1482), and the Department of Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (n = 758). Immune restoration was measured from the time of starting combination antiretroviral therapy until achieving 500 CD4 lymphocytes/μL, 800 CD4 lymphocytes/μL, and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratios of > 0.8 and > 1.0. Full recovery was achieved when the patient was restored to both 800 CD4 lymphocytes/μL and a CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio > 1.0.ResultsFor all endpoints, immune restoration had a protective effect by reducing mortality. Patients who achieved immune restoration had a greater chance of reduced mortality than those who did not achieve immune restoration: for CD4 count > 500 cells/μL, HR = 5.4 (interquartile range: 3.09–9.41), p < 0.001; for CD4 > 800 cells/μL, HR = 5.37 (2.52–11.43), p < 0.001; for CD4/CD8 ratio > 0.8, HR = 3.16 (1.81–5.51), p < 0.001; for CD4/CD8 ratio > 1.0, HR = 2.67 (1.49–5.24), p = 0.001, and for full immune recovery, HR = 3.62 (1.63–8.04), p = 0.002.ConclusionsImmune restoration remains a powerful factor in improving the survival of PLWH, regardless of the speed of recovery.
Exploring the experiences of frontline nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lee Ji Yea , Lee Sewon , Choi Hannah , Oh Eui Geum 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of frontline nurses who provided direct care for COVID‐19 patients.BackgroundDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the demands on healthcare systems have been higher than before. Although previous studies have explored the experiences of frontline nurses, these experiences could vary depending on each country's social, cultural, and historical contexts.IntroductionIn the midst of the global pandemic, sharing the experiences of COVID‐19 frontline nurses could have implications for both nursing and nursing policies that could be applied to future pandemics.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study comprised 14 South Korean nurses with a minimum of one month of experience working within a COVID‐19 department. Individual interviews were conducted on a virtual platform, and a thematic analysis was employed. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies were used to ensure a detailed reporting of the study.ResultsFour themes and 12 subthemes were developed. The themes included: (1) feeling forced into a world of uncertainty; (2) providing unique care for COVID‐19 patients; (3) perceiving barriers to providing quality care; and (4) seeking meaning in caring for COVID‐19 patients.DiscussionNurses recognized their unique roles in caring for COVID‐19 patients and sought new meanings within their profession. However, the poor work environment exacerbated the physical and emotional burden among the nurses and compromised the provision of quality care.ConclusionThis study highlighted the nursing policy issues that need to be improved to ensure better quality care and a stronger healthcare system.Implications for nursing policyGovernmental action is essential to ensure that nurses can maintain the quality of care they have provided during COVID‐19 and any future pandemics.
The action of topical application of Vitamin B12 ointment on radiodermatitis in a porcine model
Authors: Zhao Yue‐Chen , Wang Hong‐Yong , Li Yun‐Feng , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Li Yan , Wang Tie‐Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRadiodermatitis is an inevitable side effect of radiotherapy in cancer treatment and there is currently no consensus on effective drugs for treating the condition. Vitamin B12 is known to be effective for repairing and regenerating damaged skin. However, there are few studies on the use of Vitamin B12 for treating radiodermatitis. This study explored the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of Vitamin B12 ointment on radiodermatitis. A porcine model of grade IV radiodermatitis was established. The ointment was applied for 12 weeks after which histological staining, transmission electron microscopy, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, and gene sequencing were performed for the evaluation of specific indicators in skin samples. After 12 weeks of observation, the Vitamin B12 treatment was found to have significantly alleviated radiodermatitis. The treatment also significantly reduced the expression levels of NF‐κB, COX‐2, IL‐6, and TGF‐β in the skin samples. The pathways involved in the effects of the treatment were identified by analysing gene expression. In conclusion, Vitamin B12 ointment was found to be highly effective for treating radiodermatitis, with strong anti‐radiation, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrosis effects. It is thus a promising drug candidate for the treatment of severe radiodermatitis.
Insights into the leaching behavior of pollucite glass–ceramics at the initial stage
Authors: Yang Hualong , Ma Siqi , Zhao Shengjian , Wang Qikun , Liu Xuehui , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPollucite has been proposed as an ideal candidate material for addressing the critical challenge of the safe trapping of the 137Cs radionuclide. However, its detailed corrosion mechanism remains elusive. In this work, we performed reactive and ab initio molecular simulations to explore the leaching behavior of Cs+ from pollucite glass–ceramics at the initial stage. The nonbridging oxygen ions on the surface are protonated at first, followed by the release of Cs+ associated with these oxygen ions. For the glass phase, the inner Cs+ could leach out due to the interaction with water molecules, whereas only the Cs+ present at the surface leach out for pollucite, confirming its remarkable chemical stability. The hydrolysis of Si/Al–O bonds in pollucite is thermodynamically unfavorable, and Al–O bonds are the weak spots. Moreover, the migration barriers of Cs+ in pollucite were calculated by the climbing image nudged elastic band method, and the high barriers reveal that pollucite immobilizes Cs+ stably. This study paves the way for predicting the long‐term safety of a nuclear waste immobilization repository.
Brentuximab vedotin in the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas: Data from the Spanish Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry
Authors: Muniesa Cristina , Gallardo Fernando , García‐Doval Ignacio , Estrach M. Teresa , Combalia Andrea , Morillo‐Andújar Mercedes , De la Cruz‐Vicente Fátima , Machan Salma , Moya‐Martínez Cristina , Rovira Roger , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Blanca , Acebo Elvira , Amutio Elena , Peñate Yeray , Losada‐Castillo Maria del Carmen , García‐Muret M. Pilar , Iznardo Helena , Román‐Curto Concepción , Cañueto Javier , Fernández‐de‐Misa Ricardo , Flórez Ángeles , Izu Rosa María , Torres‐Navarro Ignacio , Zayas Ana , Pérez‐Paredes Gema , Blanes Mar , Yanguas J. Ignacio , Pérez‐Ferriols Amparo , Callejas‐Charavia Marta , Ortiz‐Romero Pablo Luis , Pérez‐Gil Amalia , Prieto‐Torres Lucia , González‐Barca Eva , Servitje Octavio 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRCTBackgroundBrentuximab vedotin (BV) has been approved for CD30‐expressing cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) after at least one previous systemic treatment. However, real clinical practice is still limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the response and tolerance of BV in a cohort of patients with CTCL.MethodsWe analysed CTCL patients treated with BV from the Spanish Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry (RELCP).ResultsSixty‐seven patients were included. There were 26 females and the mean age at diagnosis was 59 years. Forty‐eight were mycosis fungoides (MF), 7 Sézary syndrome (SS) and 12 CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30 LPD). Mean follow‐up was 18 months. Thirty patients (45%) showed at least 10% of CD30+ cells among the total lymphocytic infiltrate. The median number of BV infusions received was 7. The overall response rate (ORR) was 67% (63% in MF, 71% in SS and 84% in CD30 LPD). Ten of 14 patients with folliculotropic MF (FMF) achieved complete or partial response (ORR 71%). The median time to response was 2.8 months. During follow‐up, 36 cases (54%) experienced cutaneous relapse or progression. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 10.3 months. The most frequent adverse event was peripheral neuropathy (PN) (57%), in most patients (85%), grades 1 or 2.ConclusionsThese results confirm the efficacy and safety of BV in patients with advanced‐stage MF, and CD30 LPD. In addition, patients with FMF and SS also showed a favourable response. Our data suggest that BV retreatment is effective in a proportion of cases.
Association between hospital characteristics and 30‐day mortality of patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction in Sichuan, China
Authors: Mo Chunmei , Cheng Yongzhong , Pan Jingping , Tan Kun , Zhang Xueli , Xu Jiuping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveBecause acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of death, China faces the challenge of improving its quality of care. This study provides context‐specific evidence of association between 30‐day mortality and hospital characteristics in China to extend the understanding of hospitalized AMI patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 67,619 hospitalized AMI patients at 372 tertiary and secondary hospitals in Sichuan, China, between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. Using a hierarchical logistic regression model to control risk factors, we explored relationships among 30‐day mortality, hospital level, AMI volume, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) timeliness. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to observe the trends of 30‐day mortality with increased AMI volume and PCI timeliness.ResultsAfter risk factor adjustment, the 30‐day mortality model demonstrated that a lower hospital level and smaller AMI volume were associated with higher 30‐day mortality (medium‐volume: OR = 1.511, 95% CI (1.195, 1.910); small‐volume: OR = 1.636, 95% CI (1.277, 2.096); other tertiary: OR = 1.190, 95% CI (1.037, 1.365); secondary: OR = 1.524, 95% CI (1.289, 1.800)). Similarly, 30‐day mortality was higher for patients at hospitals with a low PCI timeliness (low timeliness: OR = 1.318, 95% CI (1.079, 1.610)). Scatterplot smoothing showed hospital 30‐day mortality first reduced quickly and gradually stabilized with increased AMI volume and PCI timeliness.ConclusionPatients admitted to tertiary grade A hospitals, large‐volume hospitals, and high‐ or medium‐timeliness hospitals were more likely to survive at 30 days. Policymakers should focus on improving the outcomes at hospitals without these characteristics.
Transcription level and phylogeny analyses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii arylsulfatases
Authors: Salarvan Fatma , Meydan Hasan , Aksoy Münevver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSulfur is a required macroelement for all organisms, and sulfate deficiency causes growth and developmental defects. Arylsulfatases (ARS) hydrolyze sulfate from sulfate esters and make sulfate bioavailable for plant uptake. These enzymes are found in microorganisms and animals; however, plant genomes do not encode any ARS gene. Our database searches found nineteen ARS genes in the genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Among these, ARS1 and ARS2 were studied in the literature; however, the remaining seventeen gene models were not studied. Our results show that putative polypeptide sequences of the ARS gene models all have the sulfatase domain and sulfatase motifs found in known ARSs. Phylogenetic analyses show that C. reinhardtii proteins are in close branches with Volvox carterii proteins while they were clustered in a separate group from Homo sapiens and bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodopirellula baltica SH1), except human Sulf1, Sulf2, and GNS are clustered with algal ARSs. RT‐PCR analyses showed that transcription of ARS6, ARS7, ARS11, ARS12, ARS13, ARS17, and ARS19 increased under sulfate deficiency. However, this increase was not as high as the increase seen in ARS2. Since plant genomes do not encode any ARS gene, our results highlight the importance of microbial ARS genes.