bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade and foreign fishing mediate global marine nutrient supply
Authors: Nash Kirsty L. , MacNeil M. Aaron , Blanchard Julia L. , Cohen Philippa J. , Farmery Anna K. , Graham N. A. J. , Thorne-Lyman Andrew L. , Watson Reg A. , Hicks Christina C. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The world produces enough food to nourish the global population, but inequitable distribution of food means many people remain at risk for undernutrition. Attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 2 relies on greater attention to distribution processes that match food qualities with dietary deficiencies. We explore this in the context of fisheries. Foreign fishing and international trade divert nutrients caught in marine fisheries from nutrient-insecure toward nutrient-secure nations. Where nutrient-insecure countries do benefit from foreign fishing and trade, there tends to be high vulnerability to future changes in nutrient flows arising from changes to foreign fishing and trade. This research highlights the need for greater transparency around distribution of fish and for nutrition security to be considered more centrally in development of trade agreements.
Association between self‐reported sleep characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors: Weight status and physical activity matter
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L. , Santos‐Lozano Alejandro , Morales Javier S. , Castillo‐García Adrián , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTWe analysed the association between self‐reported sleep characteristics and the prevalence of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors attending to the potential effect of physical activity (PA) and weight status. A large cohort of Spanish workers (n = 527,662; 32% female, 44 ± 9yrs) participated in this cross‐sectional study. We assessed participants’ self‐reported indicators of sleep quantity (short [<6 h/d], normal [6–9 h/d] or long [>9 h/d]) and quality (unrestful or restful, and difficulties or not falling asleep) as well as the presence of major CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia); and categorised participants based on PA (“inactive”, “insufficiently active” or “regularly active”) and weight status (normal weight, overweight or obesity). Impairments in any sleep quantity or quality indicator, respectively, were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the prevalence of at least one CVD risk factor. Yet, being physically active and having normal weight markedly attenuated these associations. Thus, individuals with poor sleep quantity or quality but who were physically active and had normal weight showed no different risk of hypertension or diabetes than those with normal sleep characteristics, albeit the former still presented a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia if they reported short sleep (+5% vs. normal duration, p = 0.047), unrestful sleep (+9% vs. restful, p < 0.001) or having difficulties to fall asleep (+48% vs. no difficulties, p < 0.001). The present findings support the need for maintaining optimal PA levels and weight status in order to minimise the CVD risk associated with poor sleep quantity or quality.Highlights
Both sleep quantity and quality are associated with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
Being physically active and having normal weight markedly reduces the cardiovascular risk associated with poor sleep quantity/quality.
Having poor sleep quantity/quality while being also inactive and overweight/obese predisposes to a higher cardiovascular risk.
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 monolayer by organic molecular adsorption
Authors: Zhang Jieqi , Zhang Chao , Ren Kai , Lin Xiuling , Cui Zhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional materials are widely concerned because of their novel physical properties. Cr2Ge2Te6(CGT) has been studied extensively due to its intrinsic ferromagnetism and ferromagnetic order. In this investigation, the electronic and magnetic performances of organic molecules (TCNE, TCNQ and TTF) adsorbed on CGT monolayer were studied based on the first-principles calculations systematically. The results demonstrate that the CGT presents pronounced tunable electronic and magnetic properties by the adsorption of these macromolecules. Furthermore, the Curie temperature of CGT monolayer can be enhanced significantly by the TTF adsorption. This work can provide a magnetic regulation method for CGT and explore the promising applications of the CGT for spin devices.
A complementary resistive switching neuron
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Huanglong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The complementary resistive switching (CRS) memristor has originally been proposed for use as the storage element or artificial synapse in large-scale crossbar array with the capability of solving the sneak path problem, but its usage has mainly been hampered by the inherent destructiveness of the read operation (switching ‘1’ state to ‘ON’ or ‘0’ state). Taking a different perspective on this ‘undesired’ property, we here report on the inherent behavioral similarity between the CRS memristor and a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron which is another basic neural computing element, in addition to synapse. In particular, the mechanism behind the undesired read destructiveness for storage element and artificial synapse can be exploited to naturally realize the LIF and the ensuing spontaneous repolarization processes, followed by a refractory period. By means of this biological similarity, we demonstrate a Pt/Ta2O5−x
/TaO
y
/Ta CRS memristor that can exhibit these neuronal behaviors and perform various fundamental neuronal operations, including additive/subtractive operations and coincidence detection. These results suggest that the CRS neuron, with its bio-interpretability, is a useful addition to the family of memristive neurons.
High-performance p-hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube film on surface acoustic wave device for organophosphorus vapor detection
Authors: Wu Qiang , Li Xue , Wang Xuming , Yuan Yubin , Bu Xiangrui , Wu Haiyang , Li Xin , Han Chuanyu , Wang XiaoLi , Liu Weihua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A delay line-type surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensor based on p-hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl (HFIPPH) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film is developed to detect organophosphorus dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) vapor (a simulant of chemical nerve agent sarin). Inspired by the transfer process of Cu-based graphene, a uniform and size-controllable HFIPPH-MWCNT film is successfully prepared on the SAW device via a wet-etching transfer method. For the first time, we use the method of measuring the change of the sensor’s insertion loss to achieve the detection of ultra-low concentration DMMP vapor. The designed sensor exhibits a fast response/recovery time about 3 s/50 s, and a low detection limit of 0.1 ppm. Additionally, the stability and selectivity of the sensor and the influence of humidity on its response are evaluated through experiments. The acoustoelectric effect is proved to be the sensing mechanism of the sensor insertion loss response.
0D/2D mixed-dimensional perovskite constructed by thiol- and disulfide-containing ligands
Authors: Yao Guoying , Zhao Liang , Zeng Tao , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Reduced-dimensional (RD) perovskites have shown attractive chemical and physical properties for optoelectronic applications. Incorporating large organic ligands enables infinite tunability in the components and structures. Theoretically, it is feasible to apply multiple types of organic ligands in a single RD crystal to achieve multiple-dimensional perovskites. However, the coexistence of different organic ligands commonly introduces competing crystal growths that inhibit the formation of a more complex crystal structure. Herein, we report a case of mixed-dimensional (MD) perovskite single crystal containing two types of sulfide-containing ligands. We show that the application of ketones can partially oxidize organothiol ligands in the precursor solution. The resultant disulfide-based ligands can be co-incorporated with the thiol-based ligand in a single MD perovskite crystal. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the structure contains both layered and isolated inorganic components constructed by face-sharing lead halide octahedra. Unlike conventional RD structures, the MD perovskite shows an enlarged bandgap with valence band maximum and conduction band minimum being spatially separated, and isotropic optical features, as revealed by x-ray diffraction, spectroscopies, and density functional theory computation.
Uniqueness of the 2D Euler equation on a corner domain with non-constant vorticity around the corner
Authors: Agrawal Siddhant , Nahmod Andrea R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We consider the 2D incompressible Euler equation on a corner domain Ω with angle νπ with

1

2

<
ν
<
1

. We prove that if the initial vorticity ω
0 ∈ L
1(Ω) ∩ L
∞(Ω) and if ω
0 is non-negative and supported on one side of the angle bisector of the domain, then the weak solutions are unique. This is the first result which proves uniqueness when the velocity is far from Lipschitz and the initial vorticity is non-constant around the boundary.
High-power cold diodes for the protection of a 1.5 T superconducting MRI magnet system
Authors: Soni Vijay , Gupta Arvind , Kar Soumen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cold diodes play a crucial role in various operational aspects of the superconducting magnet of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. The forward and reverse characteristics and failure modes are studied for two types of high-power rectifier diode to find their suitability for application at 4.2 K in a whole-body 1.5 T superconducting MRI magnet system. The diodes are characterized at various temperatures (300 K, 77 K and 4.2 K) in the current range up to 600 A. The turn-on voltage of the diodes at 4.2 K is found to be increased by 7–12 times that of room temperature. The diodes show negative differential resistance (NDR) beyond 1 A of forward current at 4.2 K. The forward voltage stabilizes in the range of 1.22–1.24 V after attaining the turn-on voltage in the range of 5–8 V. The significance of NDR is analysed for the MRI magnet. The long-term stability of the forward voltage is studied at 77 K with 550 A of forward current. Two modes of diode failure are also studied to foresee any failure during the operation of the magnet.
Polymer electrolytes based on magnesium triflate for quasi-solid-state magnesium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Gamal R , Elkalashy Sh I , Sheha E , El Kholy M M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Herein, magnesium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (PE) based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), succinonitrile (SN), and different concentrations of magnesium triflate salt ((CF3SO3)2Mg) were fabricated. The structural, optical, electrical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The conductivity increases to about 10−5 S.cm−1 with increasing the concentration of (CF3SO3)2Mg up to 33 wt%, at room temperature. The ionic transference number for the matrix containing 33 wt% of (CF3SO3)2Mg increases from (

t

m

g

+
2

= 0.4) to (

t

M

g

+
2

=
0.8

) with increasing the temperature comparatively from room temperature to 55 °C. Also, the cell with 33 wt% of (CF3SO3)2Mg shows low overpotential and steady Mg stripping/plating during the initial cycles at 55 °C. Polymer and dual electrolytes, as well as bare and modified Mg surface electrodes, are used to create Mg/S cells. The cell with a modified Mg surface electrode and dual electrolyte exhibit lower interfacial impedance, higher energy density, and charge-discharge capacity than the cell with a bare Mg electrode and polymer electrolyte.
Ab-initio study for the elastic stability, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of RuCrX (X = Si, Ge, Sn) half Heusler alloys
Authors: Bakar Abu , Afaq A , Shoaib Muhammad , Dahshan A , Asif Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper contains the comparative study of elastic, mechanical, electronic and optical response of RuCrX (X=Si, Ge, Sn). Three independent second order elastic constants are computed and elasto-mechanical stability is checked. Mechanical parameters depicts the flexible and ductile nature. These materials are hard and stiffer, difficult to compress and have an excellent bond stretching minimization phenomenon. The higher melting temperatures make them candidate for the high temperature environment like aerospace and construction industries. The band gap and density of states study reveal the non-magnetic metallic nature of all these alloys. In addition, the Fermi surfaces are also calculated. The imaginary part of dielectric response function confirms the utility in opto-electronic devices and sensors.
Dynamical instability of collapsed dark matter halos
Authors: Feng Wei-Xiang , Yu Hai-Bo , Zhong Yi-Ming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A self-interacting dark matter halo can experience gravothermal collapse, resulting in a central core with an ultrahigh density. It can further contract and collapse into a black hole, a mechanism proposed to explain the origin of supermassive black holes. We study dynamical instability of the core in general relativity. We use a truncated Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to model the dark matter distribution and solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. For given model parameters, we obtain a series of equilibrium configurations and examine their dynamical instability based on considerations of total energy, binding energy, fractional binding energy, and adiabatic index. Our numerical results indicate that the core can collapse into a black hole when the fractional binding energy reaches 0.035 with a central gravitational redshift of 0.5. We further show for the instability to occur in the classical regime, the boundary temperature of the core should be at least 10% of the mass of dark matter particles; for a 109 M⊙ seed black hole, the particle mass needs to be larger than a few keV. These results can be used to constrain different collapse models, in particular, those with dissipative dark matter interactions. https://github.com/michaelwxfeng/truncated-Maxwell-Boltzmann.
A noise statistical distribution analysis-based two-step filtering mechanism for optical coherence tomography image despeckling
Authors: Yu Xiaojun , Ge Chenkun , Li Mingshuai , Chen Jinna , Ping Shum Perry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) inevitably suffers from speckle noises that originate from the coherent multiple-scattered photons. Such speckle noises, following different distribution patterns, can hide tissue microstructures and degrade the disease diagnosis accuracy. So far, various schemes have been proposed for despeckling in OCT images, yet few have evaluated the impacts of different noise patterns on despeckling effects. In this study, we evaluate the influences of statistical noise distributions on OCT despeckling and propose a noise distribution analysis-based despeckling method for OCT images. Specifically, we establish a noise model by dividing speckle noises into multiplicative and additive ones first, and then propose a two-step filtering mechanism, namely, augmented Lagrange function minimization and Rayleigh alpha-trimmed filtering (AR) method, to suppress such noises separately while maintain tissue microstructures. Simulations with both synthetic and practical OCT images are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AR method. Results show that the influence of multiplicative noises on OCT images are more significant, and the AR method is capable of suppressing both multiplicative and additive noises effectively, e.g. it improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measurements by 83.22

%

and 812.88

%

for typical retinal images, respectively, while retaining the important image structural details with less computational time.
Enhancement of terahertz fields generation on a silver surface under the effect of short-wavelength femtosecond pulses
Authors: Danilov E A , Uryupin S A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The pulse shape of low-frequency surface and quasi-cylindrical waves arising under the effect of a femtosecond pulse of laser radiation focused into a strip on a silver surface is studied. In silver, the effective electron collisions frequencies in the laser pulse field and in the low-frequency field may differ greatly. It is shown that for a large difference in the collision frequencies, conditions are possible when the field of surface wave exceeds the field of quasi-cylindrical wave, and the generation of low-frequency fields is mainly due to the inhomogeneous heating of electrons in the skin layer.
1.3 μm optically-pumped monolithic VCSEL based on GaAs with InGa(Al)As superlattice active region
Authors: Kryzhanovskaya Natalia V , Likhachev Alexey I , Blokhin Sergey A , Blokhin Alexey A , Pirogov Evgeniy V , Sobolev Maxim S , Babichev Andrey V , Gladyshev Andrey G , Karachinsky Leonid Ya , Novikov Innokenty I , Andryushkin Vladislav V , Denisov Dmitrii V , Egorov Anton Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Неre we report a monolitic long-wavelength vertical cavity surface-emitting laser based on GaAs with bottom GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), metamorphic optical cavity with In0.41Ga0.59As/In0.25Ga0.75As-active region providing emission near 1.3 μm with high modal optical gain and top dielectric SiO2/Ta2O5 DBRs. We achieve continious wave single-mode operation at room temperature under optical pumping. The proposed approach has potential for high output power and high temperature (up to 200 °C) stable operation.
Candidate Eclipsing Binary Systems with a δ Scuti Star in Northern TESS Field
Authors: Kahraman Aliçavuş F. , Gümüş D. , Kırmızıtaş Ö. , Ekinci Ö. , Çavuş S. , Kaya Y. T. , Aliçavuş F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The existence of pulsating stars in eclipsing binaries has been known for decades. These types of objects are extremely valuable systems for astronomical studies as they exhibit both eclipse and pulsation variations. The eclipsing binaries are the only way to directly measure the mass and radius of stars with a good accuracy (≤1%), while the pulsations are a unique way to probe the stellar interior via oscillation frequencies. There are different types of pulsating stars existing in eclipsing binaries. One of them is the δ Scuti variables. Currently, the known number of δ Scuti stars in eclipsing binaries is around 90 according to the latest catalog of these variables. An increasing number of these kinds of variables is important to understand the stellar structure, evolution and the effect of binarity on the pulsations. Therefore, in this study, we focus on discovering new eclipsing binaries with δ Scuti component(s). We searched within the northern Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) field with a visual inspection by following some criteria such as light curve shape, the existence of pulsation like variations in the out-of-eclipse light curve and the T
eff values of the targets. As a result of these criteria, we discovered some targets. The orbital variations were first removed from the TESS light curves and frequency analysis was performed on the residuals. The luminosity, and absolute and bolometric magnitudes of the targets were calculated as well. To find how much of these parameters represent the primary (more luminous) binary component, we also computed the flux density ratio of the systems by utilizing the area of the eclipses. In addition, the positions of the systems in the H-R diagram were examined considering the flux density ratios. As a consequence of the investigation, we defined 38 candidate δ Scuti stars and also one Maia variable in eclipsing binary systems.
Epileptic electroencephalography classification using embedded dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Hellar Jennifer , Erfanian Negar , Aazhang Behnaam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Seizure prediction devices for drug-resistant epileptic patients could lead to improved quality of life and new treatment options, but current approaches to classification of electroencephalography (EEG) segments for early identification of the pre-seizure state typically require many features and complex classifiers. We therefore propose a novel spatio-temporal EEG feature set that significantly aids in separation and easy classification of the interictal and preictal states. Approach. We derive key spectral features from the embedded dynamic mode decomposition (EmDMD) of the brain state system. This method linearizes the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of the system, describing the dynamics in terms of a spectral basis of modes and eigenvalues. The relative subband spectral power and mean phase locking values of these modes prove to be good indicators of the preictal state that precedes seizure onset. Main results. We analyze the linear separability and classification of preictal and interictal states based on our proposed features using seizure data extracted from the CHB-MIT scalp EEG and Kaggle American Epilepsy Society Seizure Prediction Challenge intracranial EEG databases. With a light-weight support vector machine or random forest classifier trained on these features, we classify the preictal state with a sensitivity of up to 92% and specificity of up to 89%. Significance. The EmDMD-derived features separate the preictal and interictal states, improving classification accuracy and motivating further work to incorporate them into seizure prediction algorithms.
Design of Memristor-based XOR Logic Gate and Half Adder
Authors: Su Kang , Li Tuo , Du Yanan , Yuan Xinxin , Liu Kai , Man Hongtao , Zou Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The non-volatile logic unit based on memristor can build a computing architecture which integrates processor and memory. A novel XOR logic gate as well as half adder with four memristors, one NMOS and one power excitation is proposed in this study. The constraints on the NMOS and power excitation are also presented. The effectiveness of the XOR logic gate proposed is confirmed by the simulation results of LTSPICE. Compared with several prior schemes, the design has better performance in terms of power consumption, operation steps and architecture complexity.
Digital Control System for Stepping Motor Driver Chip
Authors: Wang Song , Xin Xiaoning , Ren Jian , Guo Guofa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stepper motor is a common execution unit in electromechanical control system. In order to realize the high precision and effective control of the stepper motor, a digital control scheme integrated in the stepping motor driver chip is proposed. On the ADMS platform, the digital control system is designed by Verilog HDL language, and the digital control system is connected with the H-bridge circuit. The control of the two-phase micro-stepping motor is realized by Eldo and Modelsim simulation. It can support SPI bus to set working mode, attenuation time, micro-stepping work mode and other parameters. The intelligent harmonic scheme can effectively reduce the ripple current, and the ripple current can be controlled. The control scheme adopts modular design, the coding is simple and easy, and has high application value.
Performance analysis of congestion control protocols over 5G mmWave links
Authors: Luo Yi , Wang Min , Zhao Deteng , Liu Chun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Millimeter wave technology is an important basic technology in 5G applications. It has higher bandwidth and lower delay. But high dynamics of the channel poses a major challenge to the design of congestion control protocols. Based on ns3, this paper conducts extensive experiments on the TCP congestion control protocols, and analyzes the transmission performance of different protocols over 5G millimeter wave links in detail. It will lay a foundation for further research on congestion control protocols suitable for 5G millimeter wave communications.