bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral Duties and Juridical Duties: The Ambiguity of Legal Ethics Considered Through the Prism of Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals
Authors: Ferrara Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMy article aims to analyze the conflict between the duties deriving from the supranational deontological codification under a philosophical point of view. Specifically, I will discuss both rules implying the independence of a lawyer and the obligation to ensure that the legitimate interests of the client and the proper administration of justice are protected. I will conduct an analysis about the relationship between moral and juridical duties through a few parts from The Metaphysics of Morals, published by Immanuel Kant in 1797. Afterwards, I will try to verify if Kant’s conception of moral and juridical duties can provide a lawyer with the guidelines for the conflict resolution. I will suggest a meeting point capable of satisfying at the same time those interests whose protection is conflictingly established by the ethical code, and which is represented by the Alternative Dispute Resolution, precisely by the Assisted Negotiation procedure. Ultimately, I will propose an approach based on the identification of an agreement as a way to solve the conflict between the lawyer’s duties.
Two Cheers for Lost Sovereignty Referendums: Campaigns for Independence and the Pouvoir Constituant Mixte
Authors: Niesen Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, I bring together three recent ideas from political theory and constitutional law. The first is the notion developed by Jürgen Habermas and Markus Patberg of a pouvoir constituant mixte. Complex polities such as supra-state federations should be understood as constitutional entities that combine two or more authorizing subjects. The default “mixed” conception is that of dual sovereignty, split between the federations’ member collectives and member individuals. The second idea is that of Stephen Tierney, that sub-state national societies should be seen as involved in struggles over constituent power. The third is the idea and practice of sovereignty referendums, which I illustrate by looking at the 2017 Catalonia independence referendum. I contend that, at a minimum, sovereignty referendums, especially lost ones, should be understood as strategies to bring about, shift or complement constituent powers, in achieving compound or mixed sovereignty. Finally, I venture into some ideas about the criteria of legitimacy for such endeavors, in distinguishing the activation of constituent powers from their articulation and exercise.
“Betrayed into the Hands of the Enemy”: The 1795–96 Russian Investigation of the Death of Hedayat-Allah Khan of Gilan
Authors: Gledhill Kevin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines the Russian investigation of the death of Hedayat-Allah Khan, who ruled Gilan from the mid-1750s until his death in 1786. Using Russian consular reports and records of the 1795 Russian investigation of his death, the article offers two major conclusions. First, Hedayat-Allah Khan ruled a Caspian-centered polity linked to the Russian consulate and trade through partnerships with merchant intermediaries. As Qajar hegemony in Iran emerged by 1786, the consulate and merchants threw their support to Aqa Mohammad Khan. Second, the 1795 Russian investigation of his death was opened by Catherine II to solidify alliances in response to Qajar claims to Tiflis in 1795. Shifting Russian strategic priorities under Emperor Paul removed the need for this investigation.
BOOLEAN TYPES IN DEPENDENT THEORIES
Authors: KAPLAN ITAY , SEGEL ORI , SHELAH SAHARON 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe notion of a complete type can be generalized in a natural manner to allow assigning a value in an arbitrary Boolean algebra
$\mathcal {B}$
to each formula. We show some basic results regarding the effect of the properties of
$\mathcal {B}$
on the behavior of such types, and show they are particularity well behaved in the case of NIP theories. In particular, we generalize the third author’s result about counting types, as well as the notion of a smooth type and extending a type to a smooth one. We then show that Keisler measures are tied to certain Boolean types and show that some of the results can thus be transferred to measures—in particular, giving an alternative proof of the fact that every measure in a dependent theory can be extended to a smooth one. We also study the stable case. We consider this paper as an invitation for more research into the topic of Boolean types.
Evidence for Short Temporal Atmospheric Variations Observed by Infrasonic Signals: 1. The Troposphere
Authors: Averbuch G. , Ronac‐Giannone M. , Arrowsmith S. , Anderson J. F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfrasound monitoring is used in the forensic analysis of events, studying the physical processes of sources of interest, and probing the atmosphere. The dynamical nature of the atmosphere and the use of infrasound as a forensic tool lead to the following questions; (1) what is the timescale of atmospheric variability that affects infrasonic signals? (2) how do infrasound signals vary as a function of time? This study addresses these questions by monitoring a repetitive infrasound source and its corresponding tropospheric returns 54 km away. Source‐receiver empirical Green's functions are obtained every 20 s and used to demonstrate the effect of atmospheric temporal variability on infrasound propagation. In addition, observations are compared to predicted simulated signals based on realistic atmospheric conditions. Based on 127 events over 3 days, it is shown that infrasound properties change within tens of seconds. Particularly, phases can appear and disappear, the propagation time varies, and the signals' energy fluctuates. Such variations are attributed to changes in temperatures and winds. Furthermore, atmospheric models can partly explain the observed changes. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of high temporal infrasound‐based atmospheric sounding.
A Multivariate Index for Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations Based on the Seasonally‐Varying Modal Structures
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Martin Zane K. , Sobel Adam H. , Tippett Michael K. , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N. , Ren Hong‐Li , Wu Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spatial structure and propagation characteristics of tropical intraseasonal oscillations vary substantially by season. In this study, these seasonal variations are identified using a multivariate sliding‐window Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The two modes comprising the leading EOF pair have equal variances and depict the propagation of intraseasonal oscillations in convection and low‐level circulation over the Indian Ocean, the Maritime Continent, and the western Pacific region in the equatorial summer hemisphere. In contrast, the upper tropospheric circulation shows more structure in the winter hemisphere. It is suggested that this variation in seasonality with height is an inherent feature of intraseasonal oscillations. A new multivariate index for tropical intraseasonal oscillations (MII) is developed based on the leading EOFs and represents the three‐dimensional structure of intraseasonal variability in all seasons. The MII is computed by projecting intraseasonal anomalies onto the leading EOFs pair, and it exhibits clearly delineated but smooth seasonal transitions and rich meridional structure. The real‐time version of this new index, rMII, is shown to be similar to MII, with a correlation of 0.9. Compared to the widely used Real‐time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index, the power spectrum of rMII represents substantially greater intraseasonal variance, and the application of rMII in dynamical forecast models indicates rMII is skillfully predicted for an additional week compared to RMM.
Discharge Determines Avulsion Regime in Model Experiments With Vegetated and Unvegetated Deltas
Authors: Lauzon Rebecca , Murray A. Brad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dynamics and morphological evolution of deltas and their channel networks involve interactions between many factors, including water and sediment discharge and cohesion from fine sediment and vegetation. These interactions are likely to affect how strongly vegetation influences deltas. Altering water or sediment discharge may affect channel mobility, magnitude of deposition and erosion events, and may result in the delta being less suitable for vegetation colonization. Using the numerical model DeltaRCM Vegetation, we explore how water and sediment discharge affects delta evolution and under which conditions vegetation exerts a stabilizing effect on the channel network. We propose new insights into delta evolution under different discharge conditions. First, we observe a regime shift in avulsion dynamics, driven by delta‐scale water surface slopes, with increasing water discharge: from a few active channels undergoing occasional complete, global avulsions (with low discharge) to many active channels experiencing frequent partial, local avulsions (with high discharge). Second, with vegetation, increased sediment discharge results in more frequent switching of the dominant channels but also prevents vegetation from establishing in non‐dominant channels, resulting in more frequent channel reoccupation and therefore greater stability in channel network planform. These insights have important implications for understanding the distribution of water, sediment, and nutrients on deltas in the face of future changes in climate and human modifications of fluxes of sediment and water to the coast, especially for restored or engineered deltas with controlled water or sediment discharges.
Modeling of Barrier Breaching During Hurricanes Sandy and Matthew
Authors: Hegermiller Christie A. , Warner John C. , Olabarrieta Maitane , Sherwood Christopher R. , Kalra Tarandeep S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhysical processes driving barrier island change during storms are important to understand to mitigate coastal hazards and to evaluate conceptual models for barrier evolution. Spatial variations in barrier island topography, landcover characteristics, and nearshore and back‐barrier hydrodynamics can yield complex morphological change that requires models of increasing resolution and physical complexity to predict. Using the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system, we investigated two barrier island breaches that occurred on Fire Island, NY during Hurricane Sandy (2012) and at Matanzas, FL during Hurricane Matthew (2016). The model employed a recently implemented infragravity (IG) wave driver to represent the important effects of IG waves on nearshore water levels and sediment transport. The model simulated breaching and other changes with good skill at both locations, resolving differences in the processes and evolution. The breach simulated at Fire Island was 250 m west of the observed breach, whereas the breach simulated at Matanzas was within 100 m of the observed breach. Implementation of the vegetation module of COAWST to allow three‐dimensional drag over dune vegetation at Fire Island improved model skill by decreasing flows across the back‐barrier, as opposed to varying bottom roughness that did not positively alter model response. Analysis of breach processes at Matanzas indicated that both far‐field and local hydrodynamics influenced breach creation and evolution, including remotely generated waves and surge, but also surge propagation through back‐barrier waterways. This work underscores the importance of resolving the complexity of nearshore and back‐barrier systems when predicting barrier island change during extreme events.
Disentangling the Impact of Global and Regional Climate Changes During the Middle Eocene in the Hampshire Basin: New Insights From Carbonate Clumped Isotopes and Ostracod Assemblages
Authors: Marchegiano Marta , John Cédric M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a novel multiproxy data set (bulk and clumped isotopes on gastropod shells and variations in ostracod assemblages) of the Hampshire Basin (Southern‐England) that sheds light on the connection between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel during the deposition of the Barton clay formation (latest Lutetian—Bartonian, middle Eocene; ∼41–40 Ma). During this time period, the English Channel operated as a gateway between the warmer Atlantic Ocean and the colder North Sea waters. High‐latitude water mixing combined with the regional hydrological cycle and sea‐level variations, may have contributed to mitigate the water temperatures in the Hampshire Basin, with an average recorded of ca. 25°C. In the uppermost part of the section the connection between the two water masses was limited or absent as evidenced by warmer (up to ca. 35°C) Atlantic Ocean temperatures in the Hampshire Basin. The large differences in average oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Owater) recorded (from δ18Owater −1.7‰ to δ18Owater of −0.7‰) evidenced large salinity differences between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. Ostracods suggest that the temporary connection between those two water masses was caused by relative regional sea‐level variations. This scenario could be partially linked to glacio‐eustatic sea‐level changes related to climate fluctuations probably associated with the MECO event.
Torture exposure and the functional brain: investigating disruptions to intrinsic network connectivity using resting state fMRI
Authors: Liddell Belinda J. , Das Pritha , Malhi Gin S. , Felmingham Kim L. , Outhred Tim , Cheung Jessica , Den Miriam , Nickerson Angela , Askovic Mirjana , Aroche Jorge , Coello Mariano , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTorture has profound psychological and physiological consequences for survivors. While some brain structures and functions appear altered in torture survivors, it is unclear how torture exposure influences functional connectivity within and between core intrinsic brain networks. In this study, 37 torture survivors (TS) and 62 non-torture survivors (NTS) participated in a resting-state fMRI scan. Data-driven independent components analysis identified active intrinsic networks. Group differences in functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and central executive network (CEN) of the triple network model, as well any prefrontal network, were examined while controlling for PTSD symptoms and exposure to other potentially traumatic events. The analysis identified 25 networks; eight comprised our networks of interest. Within-network group differences were observed in the left CEN (lCEN), where the TS group showed less spectral power in the low-frequency band. Differential internetwork dynamic connectivity patterns were observed, where the TS group showed stronger positive coupling between the lCEN and anterior dorsomedial and ventromedial DMN, and stronger negative coupling between a lateral frontal network and the lCEN and anterior dorsomedial DMN (when contrasted with the NTS group). Group differences were not attributed to torture severity or dissociative symptoms. Torture survivors showed disrupted dynamic functional connectivity between a laterally-aligned lCEN that serves top-down control functions over external processes and the midline DMN that underpins internal self-referential processes, which may be an adaptive response to mitigate the worst effects of the torture experience. This study provides a critical step in mapping the neural signature of torture exposure to guide treatment development and selection.
Clinico-biological features of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fusion proteins
Authors: Steimlé Thomas , Dourthe Marie-Emilie , Alcantara Marion , Touzart Aurore , Simonin Mathieu , Mondesir Johanna , Lhermitte Ludovic , Bond Jonathan , Graux Carlos , Grardel Nathalie , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Arnoux Isabelle , Gandemer Virginie , Balsat Marie , Vey Norbert , Macintyre Elizabeth , Ifrah Norbert , Dombret Hervé , Petit Arnaud , Baruchel André , Ruminy Philippe , Boissel Nicolas , Asnafi Vahid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) represent 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL. Since they have a particularly poor outcome in relapsed/refractory cases, identifying prognosis factors at diagnosis is crucial to adapting treatment for high-risk patients. Unlike acute myeloid leukemia and BCP ALL, chromosomal rearrangements leading to chimeric fusion-proteins with strong prognosis impact are sparsely reported in T-ALL. To address this issue an RT-MPLA assay was applied to a consecutive series of 522 adult and pediatric T-ALLs and identified a fusion transcript in 20% of cases.PICALM-MLLT10(4%,n = 23),NUP214-ABL1(3%,n = 19) andSET-NUP214(3%,n = 18) were the most frequent. The clinico-biological characteristics linked to fusion transcripts in a subset of 235 patients (138 adults in the GRAALL2003/05 trials and 97 children from the FRALLE2000 trial) were analyzed to identify their prognosis impact. Patients with HOXA trans-deregulated T-ALLs with MLLT10, KMT2A and SET fusion transcripts (17%, 39/235) had a worse prognosis with a 5-year EFS of 35.7% vs 63.7% (HR = 1.63;p = 0.04) and a trend for a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (5-year CIR = 45.7% vs 25.2%, HR = 1.6;p = 0.11). Fusion transcripts status in T-ALL can be robustly identified by RT-MLPA, facilitating risk adapted treatment strategies for high-risk patients.
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy transcriptome signatures correlate with different stages of disease and are marked by different MRI biomarkers
Authors: van den Heuvel Anita , Lassche Saskia , Mul Karlien , Greco Anna , San León Granado David , Heerschap Arend , Küsters Benno , Tapscott Stephen J. , Voermans Nicol C. , van Engelen Baziel G. M. , van der Maarel Silvère M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith several therapeutic strategies for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) entering clinical testing, outcome measures are becoming increasingly important. Considering the spatiotemporal nature of FSHD disease activity, clinical trials would benefit from non-invasive imaging-based biomarkers that can predict FSHD-associated transcriptome changes. This study investigated two FSHD-associated transcriptome signatures (DUX4 and PAX7 signatures) in FSHD skeletal muscle biopsies, and tested their correlation with a variety of disease-associated factors, including Ricci clinical severity score, disease duration, D4Z4 repeat size, muscle pathology scorings and functional outcome measures. It establishes that DUX4 and PAX7 signatures both show a sporadic expression pattern in FSHD-affected biopsies, possibly marking different stages of disease. This study analyzed two imaging-based biomarkers—Turbo Inversion Recovery Magnitude (TIRM) hyperintensity and fat fraction—and provides insights into their predictive power as non-invasive biomarkers for FSHD signature detection in clinical trials. Further insights in the heterogeneity of—and correlation between—imaging biomarkers and molecular biomarkers, as provided in this study, will provide important guidance to clinical trial design in FSHD. Finally, this study investigated the role of infiltrating non-muscle cell types in FSHD signature expression and detected potential distinct roles for two fibro-adipogenic progenitor subtypes in FSHD.
Functional consequences of Palaeozoic reef collapse
Authors: Bridge Tom C. L. , Baird Andrew H. , Pandolfi John M. , McWilliam Michael J. , Zapalski Mikołaj K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiogenic reefs have been hotspots of biodiversity and evolutionary novelty throughout the Phanerozoic. The largest reef systems in Earth’s history occurred in the Devonian period, but collapsed during the Late Devonian Mass Extinction. However, the consequences for the functional diversity of Palaeozoic reefs have received little attention. Here, we examine changes in the functional diversity of tabulate coral assemblages over a 35 million year period from the middle Devonian to the Carboniferous, straddling the multiphase extinction event to identify the causes and ecological consequences of the extinction for tabulate corals. By examining five key morphological traits, we show a divergent response of taxonomic and functional diversity to the mass extinction: taxonomic richness peaked during the Givetian (~ 388–383 Ma) and coincided with peak reef building, but functional diversity was only moderate because many species had very similar trait combinations. The collapse of taxonomic diversity and reef building in the late Devonian had minimal impact on functional richness of coral assemblages. However, non-random shifts towards species with larger corallites and lower colony integration suggest a shift from photosymbiotic to asymbiotic taxa associated over the study period. Our results suggest that the collapse of the huge Devonian reef systems was correlated with a breakdown of photosymbiosis and extinction of photosymbiotic tabulate coral taxa. Despite the appearance of new tabulate coral species over the next 35 million years, the extinction of taxa with photosymbiotic traits had long-lasting consequences for reef building and, by extension, shallow marine ecosystems in the Palaeozoic.
The triponderal mass index as a measure of adiposity in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Alissa W. , Wiernikowski John T. , Portwine Carol , Thabane Lehana , Samaan M. Constantine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer. Treatments of ALL predispose survivors to obesity, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The hallmark of obesity is excess fat mass, and adiposity is a superior predictor of cardiometabolic risk when compared to Body Mass Index (BMI), yet clinical measures of adiposity in children are lacking. The Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) (kg/m3) is a more accurate adiposity measure compared to BMI z-score in the general pediatric population. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate TMI as an adiposity measure against DEXA scan-derived adiposity, and to compare it to BMI z-score, in pediatric ALL survivors. This study was a retrospective chart review of pediatric ALL survivors diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 at McMaster Children’s Hospital, a tertiary pediatric center in Ontario, Canada. One hundred and thirteen patients (Female n = 55, 48.70%) were included, and adiposity was measured using DEXA scans. Exploratory partial correlations and linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and ALL risk status. Both TMI and BMI z-score correlated with the DEXA-measured fat mass percentage (FM%) (partial correlation TMI versus FM% r = 0.56; p value < 0.0001; BMI z-score versus FM% r = 0.55; p value < 0.0001). In regression analyses, the association of TMI was not inferior to BMI z-score in assessing adiposity (TMI versus FM% estimated unstandardized B 0.80, 95% CI 0.56, 1.02; p value < 0.0001; BMI z-score versus FM% (unstandardized B 0.37, 95% CI 0.26, 0.49; p value < 0.0001). The TMI is a useful clinical adiposity-specific measure in survivors of pediatric ALL.