bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between a body shape index and abdominal aortic calcification in the general population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Li Min , Xie Jing , Gong Jing , Liu Naifeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The relationship between a body shape index (ABSI) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is still unclear, so we tried to prove the relationship between ABSI and AAC in the general population free from cardiovascular disease. Methods: The present study included 3140 participants aged 40-80 years from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to tested the association between ABSI and AAC. Results: Participants with higher ABSI showed significantly higher proportion of AAC. Participants with higher ABSI had an increased risk of developing AAC in the crude model (ABSI as a continuous variable: OR = 2.485, 95% CI: 2.099-2.942, P < 0.001; as a categorical variable: OR = 2.132, 95% CI: 1.826-2.489, P < 0.001), while higher ABSI remained to be an independent risk predictor of AAC with the increase of confounding factors (all adjusted P < 0.05). Further subgroup analyses showed that higher ABSI (regarding lower ABSI as reference) was consistently positively correlated with AAC in eleven subgroups, including sex, age, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, sleep disorder, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P for interaction > 0.05). However, in the osteoporosis and hemoglobin A1c subgroups, the correlation was no longer synchronized (P for interaction < 0.05). The ROC curves analysis showed that the discriminant ability of ABSI was significantly higher than that of other models. Conclusions: Independent of the related confounding factors, higher ABSI was significantly associated with higher prevalent AAC in the general population free from cardiovascular disease.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis at the Time of Dental Implant Placement: A Cost/Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Russo Lucio Lo , Muzio Lorenzo Lo , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Laino Luigi , Arena Claudia , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
antibiotic prophylaxis when performing implant placement seems to improve implant short term survival. Nevertheless, use of antibiotics carries risks of adverse effects and increasing antibiotic resistance. The aim of present study is to compare in terms of costs and effectiveness the use of antibiotics in dental implant procedures.
Methods
a decision-tree model with a short time horizon of 1 year was developed using TreeAge Pro Healthcare software. Two strategies were compared: Antibiotics and No Antibiotics in implant placement procedures. The costs were calculated considering direct costs for implant placement, antibiotic costs, and costs for implant replacement in case of failure. Effectiveness was defined in terms of General Oral Health Assessment Index, outcomes were evaluated as Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio. One-way sensitivity analysis and Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis were performed for the most influential variables to test the parameters uncertainty. Patients and societal perspectives were considered.
Results
antibiotic prophylaxis resulted as the dominating strategy, compared with the no use of antibiotics. The cost of antibiotics, cost of implant replacement in case of failure and the probability of adverse effects significantly influence the result.
Conclusions
from single patient's perspective, antibiotic strategy can be considered cost-effective, even if the cost of antibiotic therapy increases. We can conclude that in clinical practice the administration of antibiotics in association with implant placement is recommended, as it increases the success rate and makes the treatment more effective, but attention should be placed when societal impact is considered in terms of antibiotic resistance that may impact the public health.
CRANIUM: A quasi-experimental study to improve metabolic screening and HIV testing in community mental health clinics compared to usual care
Authors: Hwong Alison R , Chagwedera D. Nyasha , Thomas Marilyn , Niu Grace , Quan Judy , Vittinghoff Eric , Schillinger Dean , Newcomer John W. , Gonzalez Ana , Essock Susan , Mangurian Christina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Individuals with serious mental illness often do not receive guideline-concordant metabolic screening and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, contributing to increased morbidity and premature mortality. This study evaluates the effectiveness of CRANIUM (Cardiometabolic Risk Assessment and treatment through a Novel Integration model for Underserved populations with Mental illness), an intervention to increase metabolic screening and HIV testing among patients with serious mental illness in a community mental health clinic compared to usual care.
Methods
The study used a quasi-experimental design, implementing the intervention at one community mental health clinic (n = 536 patients) compared to usual care (n = 4,847 patients) in a large urban behavioural health system. Psychiatrists received training in preventive health screening and had access to a primary care consultant, screening and treatment algorithms, patient registries, and a peer support specialist. Outcomes were screening rates of A1c, lipid, and HIV testing post-intervention compared to baseline.
Results
In the intervention group, there was a statistically significant increase in lipid screening rates from 19.2–25.6% (P = .001) and increase in HIV testing rates from 1.3–15.9% (P < .001). The A1c testing rate increase in the intervention group from 23.7–28.9% was not statistically significant (P = .09). There were no significant changes in screening rates for A1c, lipid, or HIV testing in the usual care group.
Conclusions
This low-cost, reverse integrated care model targeting community psychiatrist practices had modest effects on increasing preventive care screenings, with the biggest effect seen for HIV testing rates. Additional incentives and structural supports may be needed to further promote screening practices for individuals with serious mental illness.
Increasing Children's Physical Activity by Policy (CAP) in Preschools Within the Stockholm Region: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Chu , Ahlqvist Viktor H , Henriksson Pontus , Migueles Jairo H. , Christiansen Filip , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Berglind Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Systematic reviews suggest that preschool environmental/organizational changes may be effective in increasing physical activity (PA) levels of preschool children, but evidence is scarce regarding feasible, effective and equitable interventions that can be scaled up. Specifically, it is essential to understand whether introducing a multicomponent organizational change in terms of policy in the preschool context may be beneficial for children’s PA levels and concomitant health outcomes. To bridge this knowledge gap, our main aim is to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a policy package in increasing PA levels in preschool children, using a large scale pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.Methods:Ths proposed studyis a cluster-randomized trial with two conditions (intervention and control with a 1:1 ratio) with preschools as clusters and the unit of randomization. We aim to recruit approximately 4,000 3-5 years old children from 90 preschools and retain more than 2,800 chidlren from 85 preschools to provide adequate statistical power for the analyses. The intervention to implement is a co-created, multicomponent policy package running for 6 months in preschools randomized to intervention. Change in accelerometer measured PA levels in children between intervention and control from pre- and post intervention will be the primary outcome of the study, while secondary outcomes include health outcomes such as musculoskeletal fitness, psychosocial functioning and sick leave among others. Implementation will be studied carefully using both quantitative (dose, fidelity) and qualitative (interview) methodologies. The change in primary and and secondary outcomes, from pre- to post-intervention, will be analyzed with linear mixed-effect models (to allow both fixed and random effects) nested on preschool-level. Discussion:This is a large scale co-creation project involving the City of Stockholm, childcare stakeholders, preschool staff and the research group with the potential to influence more than 30,000 preschool children within the Stockholm area. The study will add reliable evidence for the implementation of PA policies at the organizational level of preschools, and clarify its potential effect on objectively measured PA and health markers in children.Trial Registration: This trial has been prostectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov with reference number NCT04569578 on September 20, 2020.
United Europe: Economic, educational, and political integrations
Authors: Ribić Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

Ini­tial po­li­ti­cal steps to­wards uni­fi­ca­tion of Euro­pean na­ti­ons on le­vel terms, i.e. on non-he­ge­mony terms, we­re ma­de wit­hin the pe­riod bet­we­en the two World Wars. The­se en­de­a­vo­urs cul­mi­na­ted with The Tre­aty esta­blis­hing the Euro­pean Coal and Steel Com­mu­nity (ECSC), which was sig­ned on 18 April 1951 in Pa­ris by Fran­ce, West Ger­many, Italy, Bel­gi­um, Net­her­lands, and Lu­xem­burg. The Tre­aty of Ro­me, esta­blis­hing the Euro­pean Eco­no­mic Com­mu­nity (EEC) and the Euro­pean Ato­mic Energy Com­mu­nity (Eura­tom), sig­ned in Ro­me on 25 March 1957 bro­a­de­ned the eco­no­mic in­te­gra­ti­ons, and fi­nally the Ma­a­stricht Tre­aty sig­ned on De­cem­ber 1992 en­vi­sa­ged the esta­blis­hment of eco­no­mi­cal and mo­ne­tary union. Eco­no­mi­cal uni­fi­ca­tion was fol­lo­wed by in­te­gra­tion pro­ces­ses in the fi­eld of edu­ca­tion that we­re ma­ni­fe­sted in jo­int in­sti­tu­ti­ons and pro­jects for im­pro­ving the ex­per­ti­se and mo­bi­lity of stu­dents, te­ac­hers and re­se­ar­chers. As far as the po­li­ti­cal in­te­gra­tion of Euro­pe is con­cer­ned, di­ver­gent di­rec­ti­ons oc­cur­red af­ter the World War II: the first, stre­a­ming to­wards the esta­blis­hment of the union of Euro­pean na­ti­ons, whi­le the se­cond was re­flec­ted in fo­un­ding of Atlan­tic, na­mely Euro-Atlan­tic or­ga­ni­za­ti­ons. Furt­her­mo­re, the­re has been a con­stant strug­gle ever sin­ce bet­we­en tho­se advo­ca­ting a tig­hter fe­de­ra­tion and tho­se wis­hing a lo­o­ser union of Euro­pean sta­tes. Po­li­ti­cal in­te­gra­tion is fol­lo­wed by at­tempts to cre­a­te a fun­da­men­tally jo­int Euro­pean iden­tity ba­sed on mu­tual cul­tu­ral he­ri­ta­ge. Eco­no­mic, edu­ca­ti­o­nal, and po­li­ti­cal in­te­gra­ti­ons wit­hin the fra­me­work of Euro­pean Union are an ex­pres­si­on of pan-na­ti­o­nal aspi­ra­ti­ons, which co­uld – if suc­cessful – re­sult in es­ta­blis­hment of a s­in­­gle Eu­ro­­p­ean na­t­io­n,­ f­o­u­n­ded on­ t­he­ ci­vil-ter­ri­t­o­­rial pr­in­­c­i­ple.

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The second coming of Van Gennep among the Serbs
Authors: Kovačević Ivan 
Published: February 2022

­Emer­gen­ce of the Ser­bian tran­sla­tion of Van Gen­nep’s ma­jor work "The Ri­tes of Pas­sa­ge" ini­ti­a­tes re­ca­pi­ta­li­za­tion of the in­flu­en­ce the­ory of ri­tes of pas­sa­ge had on stu­di­es of cu­stoms in Ser­bian scho­lar­ship. It is ne­ces­sary to ma­ke such a re­vi­ew sin­ce the Ser­bian re­a­der of Van Gen­nep’s bo­ok is una­wa­re of that fact.
Bi­bli­o­graphy of works in­spi­red by Van Gen­nep in Ser­bian ethn­ology/anth­ro­po­log­y i­n the past ­th­ree de­ca­de­s t­ot­al­s at over ­25 bo­ok­s.
In­flu­en­ce of Van Gen­nep’s the­ory of ri­tes on Ser­bian et­hno­logy/anthro­po­logy is in­ter­me­di­ary; it ca­me thro­ugh Bri­tish struc­tu­ral anthro­po­logy, espe­ci­ally the works of Ed­mund Lеаch. The in­ter­pre­ta­tion of Ser­bian et­hno­grap­hi­cal ma­te­ri­als be­gan in the la­te 1970s and bla­zed up in the fol­lo­wing de­ca­de. From then on and un­til the emer­gen­ce of Ser­bian tran­sla­tion in 2005, along with a bit less nu­me­ro­us works of in­ter­pre­ta­ti­ve na­tu­re, the­o­re­ti­cal vo­lu­mes al­so ap­pe­ar tran­sfor­ming and cor­rec­ting Van Gen­nep’s the­ory ma­king it an advan­ced in­ter­pre­ta­ti­ve me­ans.
Ap­pli­ca­tion of Van Gen­nep’s the­ory of ri­tes of pas­sa­ge to Ser­bian scho­lar­ship was a way of fa­mi­li­a­ri­zing with the struc­tu­ral anthro­po­logy that was one of the ma­jor chan­nels of mo­der­ni­za­tion in the set­ting of cen­ten­nial the­o­re­ti­cal\­met­ho­do­lo­gi­cal bac­kward­ness. This mo­der­ni­za­tion was two­fold sa­lu­tary – it pre­ven­ted the con­struc­tion of mytho­logy of na­ti­o­na­lism at the end of the last cen­tury and cre­a­ted an im­mu­nity to post­mo­dern mind swamp.
Improving BP artificial neural network model to predict the SPI in arid regions: a case study in Northern Shaanxi, China
Authors: Shaoxuan Li , Jiancang Xie , Xue Yang , Ruihua Xue , Peiyuan Zhao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drought prediction plays an important guiding role in drought risk management. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) is a popular meteorological drought indicator to measure the degree of drought. The SPI time series is non-stationary, whereas the conventional artificial neural network (ANN) model has limitations to predict non-stationary time series. To overcome this limitation, it is essential to investigate input data preprocessing to improve the ANN model. In this paper, a hybrid model coupled with singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and backpropagation ANN is proposed (SSA-BP-ANN). The advantage of this model is that the SSA of finite-length SPI sequences does not require the adoption of boundary extensions to suppress boundary effects, while the most predictable components of the SPI can be efficiently extracted and incorporated into the model. The proposed SSA-BP-ANN model is tested in case studies at three meteorological stations in Northern Shannxi Province, China. The results show that the SSA-BP-ANN model can produce more accurate predictions than the BP-ANN model. In addition, the performance improvement of SSA on the BP-ANN model is slightly better than wavelet decomposition and empirical mode decomposition. This new hybrid prediction model has great potential for promoting drought early warning in arid regions.
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) adsorption on superfine activated carbon
Authors: Fonseca C. G. M. , Sartoratto A. , Ponezi A. N. , Morita D. M. , Isaac R. de L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) adsorption on superfine powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) (0.6 μm mean size) at conventional water treatment plants (WTP), where feasible contact time is usually shorter than 2 hours, was analyzed. Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out having deionized water (DW) and raw water (RW) samples fortified for atrazine (ATZ), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Adsorption diminished due to natural organic matter, but in a smaller extension for S-PAC. Multi-solute removal efficiencies kept the same ranking for DW and RW, i.e., E2 &gt; EE2 &gt; ATZ, following compounds' hydrophobicity and molecular size. Hydrophobic and H-bonding interactions were the main adsorption mechanisms. For all target compounds the adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion. S-PAC presented higher adsorption as well as lower desorption as compared to powdered activated carbon, achieving similar efficiencies for half dosage and same contact time or at half contact time and same dosage. Physicochemical processes at WTP are capable to remove contaminated S-PAC particles.
Quantification and qualification of the urban domestic pollution discharged per household and per resident
Authors: Dubois Vivien , Falipou Eva , Boutin Catherine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research study aims to analyze the discharges of solely domestic wastewater from 15 single-family dwellings. This sizable dataset, containing over 300 unique and insightful data points, makes it possible to accurately qualify the raw wastewater in terms of concentrations, volumes and pollutant loads. Findings quantify the extremely wide data variability. As such, for single-family households of fewer than six residents, it is suggested not to use the standard P.E. pollution value as the design load, but rather a load range defined by the interval [10th percentile, 90th percentile] of the data distribution, i.e. [123; 568 L·d− 1] and [30; 281 g BOD5·d−1], respectively, for the daily hydraulic and organic loads. Also, an analysis of the hydraulic peak factor would tend to lobby in favor of a collective sewer solution. For subdivisions and residential zones with little economic activity and similar French lifestyle, the daily domestic pollution per resident is now determined with the values: 40 g suspended solids, 94 g carbon oxygen demand, 40 g five-day biochemical oxygen demand, 6.7 g NH4+-N, 10.4 g Kjeldhal nitrogen, and 1.2 g total phosphorus for a volume of 83 L. Those data could be used to optimize design and operation of decentralized or small-scale wastewater treatment plant.
Non-Peptide Ligands for Membrane-Bound Peptide Receptors
Authors: Rees D.C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
This article reviews some of the successful approaches made by medicinal chemists to discover non-peptide structures (peptide mimetics, peptidomimetics, peptoids) which act as agonists or antagonists at some of the membrane-bound receptors for endogenous peptides. Three fundamentally different strategies for the discovery of such ligands are discussed. Firstly, broad screening of as many compounds as possible from chemical databases to furnish an initial chemical lead which is subsequently modified to optimise biological activity. Secondly, a design strategy starting with the chemical structure of a known peptide
antagonist or an endogenous agonist and modifying this into a non-peptide which incorporates elements of the peptide structure. Thirdly, a strategy of modifying the chemical structure of a previously reported non-peptide lead. These strategies are illustrated with examples of non­ peptide ligands for receptor subtypes of cholecystokinin (CCK), the neurokinins, the opioids, vasopressin, oxytocin, endothelin, angiotensin, neurotensin and bombesin.
Progress Towards Selective Inhibition of Protein Kinase C
Authors: Dow Robert L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Protein kinase C (PKC), a member of the serine/threonine family of protein kinases, is an integral part of cellular signal transduction. There is mounting evidence that inappropriate activation of PKC may be responsible for a number of disease states. Potent, selective inhibitors of PKC could serve as valuable tools for def,lning these signaling pathways, as well as, for the treatment of diseases mediated through aberrant PKC activity. Several mechanistically-distinct classes of inhibitors have been identified which potently and selectively suppress PKC activity. The most advanced and promising of these agents are Go-6976 and Ro-32-0432,
which arose from optimization studies on staurosporine, an indolecarbazole-based natural product. Though these compounds inhibit PKC competitively with respect to nucleotide cofactor, they exhibit little inhibitory activity against a range of other nucleotide-dependent enzymes. More modest advances have begun to be made with respect to selective inhibition of the various PKC isozymes. This review will update efforts directed towards the discovery of inhibitors of PKC, with a focus on the associated selectivity parameters.
The Chemistry and Pharmacology of GABAA and GABAs Ligands
Authors: Tulinsky John , Gammill Ronald B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The inhibitory neurotransmitter y-aminobutyrate (GA8A) elicits its physiological effects through interactions with two distinct classes of cell­ surface receptors in the central nervous system. The GA8AA receptor is a
member of the superfamily of ligand-gate8 ion channels and is regulated allosterically at a number of distinct sites. The complex is a heterooligomeric
integral membrane protein made up of a, p and y subunits. In addition to the
site at which GA8A itself binds, radioligand binding studies have defined at
least three other high-affinity binding sites on the receptor complex, the
benzodiazepine receptor site, the picrotoxin site (which also recognizes cage-convulsants) and
the barbiturate site. There is also evidence for an avermectin 81a site and a steroid site. The ligands which bind at the various sites on this complex are chemically quite diverse and mediate a wide variety of pharmacological actions and have a continuum of intrinsic activity ranging from full agonist (anxiolytic, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant agents) through antagonist to inverse agonists (proconvulsants and anxiogenic agents). The GA8A 8 receptor displays a neuronal distribution and pharmacology distinct from that of the GA8AA receptor. The GA8A 8 receptor is a metabotropic receptor which is associated with an inhibitor GTP-binding protein regulating adenylate cyclase, calcium and potassium channels. 8aclofen and phaclofen are selective agonist and antagonist for GA8A8. In this review we will present the most current thinking regarding the importance of the various receptor subtypes, the syntheses of the various ligands that modulate GA8AA and GA8A 8 receptors and their pharmacology
The Potential Use of Hydroxyurea as Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Lamba S. S. , Such K. Y. , Lewis Ill H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Recent biochemical and biophysical studies of sickle cell hemoglobin have provided valuable insight into the molecular basis of the sickling phenomenon in sickle cell disease. A large number of compounds have been examined for antisickling potential. These can be characterized as noncovalent or covalent in their mechanism of action. Examples of noncovalent agents include: alkylureas, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylforma­ mide, small peptides, etc. Examples of covalent agents include: nitrogen mustard, glyceraldehyde, aldehydic pyridoxal derivatives, dimethyladipimi­date, etc. Also, acylating agents such as acylsalicylates have been investigated. lnspite of such advances and attempts, a useful agent has not been successfully produced. Thus, sickle cell disease continues to be a serious health problem for which there is no cure, and the treatment remains to be symptomatic.

Sickle cell disease includes a group of hereditary hemoglobin disorders characterized by red cells which undergo sickle shape transformation under hypoxic conditions. Due to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in position 6 of the beta chain, sickle hemoglobin polymerizes when it is deoxygenated. The most clinically significant of these diseases is sickle cell anemia. Symptoms include dactylitis, painful crisis, splenic sequestration and the development of multi-organ damage and failure. Different clinical presentations of sickle cell anemia call for individualized management. The reason for such clinical variability is not known; although the patient's hemoglobin level as well as fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentrations are important. New therapeutic approaches include the use of hydroxyurea which is reported to increase the level of fetal hemoglobin which interferes with polymer formation. Because fetal hemoglobin contains gammaglobin chains instead of beta chains, it is not affected by the genetic defect that causes sickle cell disease. Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin decrease the tendency toward intracellular polymerization of sickle hemoglobin that characterizes the disease.

This review provides information regarding the role of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and sickling; methodology for an accurate quantitation of HbF; recent pharmacological interventions; and includes results of selected clinical trials reported in recent years.