bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublethal Effects of Acoustic Dummy Tag Implantation and External Tags in Silver Carp
Authors: Coulter Alison A. , Coulter David P. , Lark Ellen , Fritts Mark W. , Davis Cameron , Glover David , Goforth Reuben 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Telemetry data collected via internally implanted transmitters are commonly used to monitor and manage invasive Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. However, the extent to which posttagging effects may influence fish behavior is generally overlooked in telemetry studies. Moreover, internal telemetry tags are often combined with an external tag that can also affect fish growth and survival. This study used two pond experiments to (1) evaluate the temporal effects of internal telemetry tags, external jaw tags, and the combination of the two tags on survival, relative weight, growth, and inflammation; and (2) compare the effects of two external tag types (jaw and loop tags) on Silver Carp. Response variables were evaluated at three time points: 1, 2, and 5 months posttagging. Growth and relative weight were lower in fish that received jaw tags than in the control group or in fish that received internal tags only; however, growth was different at 1 month posttagging but not at 2 months posttagging, indicating potential compensatory growth. Shedding rate of internal tags was 14%; after 5 months, inflammation was absent and tags were encapsulated in tissue. Survival was similar between loop- and jaw-tagged fish (73%), although growth was lower in jaw-tagged fish. Results indicate that survival effects and sublethal effects of telemetry tagging may be temporary, and researchers should examine detection data from within 1–2 months of tagging for possible postsurgery effects. Jaw tags reduced growth, and loop tags had reduced retention; therefore, further evaluation of alternative external tags is needed to optimize telemetry studies focused on Silver Carp. Additionally, researchers need to carefully evaluate which external tag to use to facilitate the returns of more expensive acoustic telemetry tags and whether external tags are necessary in a particular case.
Ligand fishing of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. roots by the enzyme functionalised magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Hao , Bai Xiao‐Lin , Hu Yi‐Kao , Fan Wen‐Qin , Ayeni Emmanuel Ayodeji , Liao Xun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs a famous traditional Chinese medicine, roots of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. have shown multiple effects against neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the components against Parkinson's disease (PD), the roots of P. grandiflora were selected as the research subject.ObjectiveScreening and identifying of monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) inhibitors from the roots of P. grandiflorum via enzyme functionalised magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)‐based ligand fishing combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) analysis.MethodMAO‐B functionalised MNPs have been synthesised for screening MAO‐B inhibitors from the roots of P. grandiflorum. The ligands were identified by HPLC–MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and their anti‐PD activity was evaluated via MAO‐B inhibition assay and cell viability assay in vitro.ResultsTwo MAO‐B inhibitors were fished out and identified by HPLC–MS as protocatechuic aldehyde (1) and coumarin (2), with the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 28.54 ± 0.39 and 25.39 ± 0.29 μM, respectively. Among them, 1 could also significantly increase the viability of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐damaged PC12 cells.ConclusionThe results are helpful to elucidate the anti‐PD activity of the plant, and the ligand fishing method has shown good potential in discovery of MAO‐B inhibitors.
Self‐healing corrosion‐resistant coatings based on fluorinated alkyl silane microcapsules
Authors: Ma Conghuan , Li Jiahong , Wang Jianyu , Bian Da , Zhao Yongwu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, microcapsules are prepared by in situ polymerization using the repairing agent fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS) as the core material and urea‐formaldehyde as the covering shell. Self‐healing coatings (FEP coatings) with repairing ability in water are prepared by adding FAS microcapsules in an epoxy resin matrix. The morphology, composition, and thermal properties of the microcapsules are studied. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to study the barrier properties and self‐healing properties of the coating. The results show that FEP coating has good self‐healing ability, with the semiquantitative index of 105 Ω·cm2, which is greater than that of pure epoxy coating (EP coating). This is because that FAS leaked from the microcapsules reacts with water molecules to form a dense water‐insoluble film, which blocks the contact of corrosive ions with the substrate and inhibits the progress of metal corrosion. Moreover, the scratch width and depth results of the FEP coating after self‐healing also confirm the formation of the new film by FAS.
Academic procrastination using social media: A cross‐sectional study with middle school students on the buffering and moderator roles of self‐control and gender
Authors: Üztemur Servet , Dinç Erkan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemporary school lockdowns and physical distancing practices due to the Covid‐19 pandemic have led to the risk of problematic social media use (PSU) in students who need to socialize. The effect of PSU on students' academic commitment and the mechanisms that moderate this effect spark interest in researchers. For this reason, the present study sought answers to the following two research questions: (a) Whether PSU positively predicts academic procrastination (AP), (b) Whether this relation is moderated by self‐control and gender. Employing the additive multiple moderation model, the study was carried out with 370 Turkish middle school students (female: 65.1%, Mage: 12.82). The findings indicate that PSU positively affects AP. The positive effect of PSU on AP is higher in boys than in girls. Self‐control acts as a buffering moderator in the positive effect of PSU on AP. As students' self‐control levels increase, the positive effect of PSU on AP weakens. Self‐control plays a greater role as a buffering moderator in girls than in boys. Regarding the context of middle school students' PSU and AP, the results extend the literature, which states that boys tend to act more impulsively. Also, this study adds new empirical evidence to the literature regarding the importance of high levels of self‐control in minimizing the negative effects of PSU, which has become more common among middle school students after the Covid‐19 pandemic, on AP.
Asthma as a comorbidity in COVID‐19 pediatric ICU admissions in a large metropolitan children's hospital
Authors: Schroeder Jonathan C. , Sharron Matthew P. , Wai Kitman , Pillai Dinesh K. , Rastogi Deepa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRationaleChildren contribute to 5% of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related hospitalizations in the United States. There is mounting evidence suggesting childhood asthma is a risk factor for severe disease. We hypothesized that asthma is associated with longer length of stay (LOS) and need for respiratory support among children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with COVID‐19.MethodsWe reviewed 150 charts of children and young adults with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2polymerase chain reaction test admitted to the PICU at Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC between 2020 and 2021. We recorded demographics, anthropometrics, past medical history, clinical course, laboratory findings, imaging, medication usage, respiratory support, and outcomes. Functional Status Scale (FSS), which measures an Intensive Care Unitpatient's physical function, was used to characterize children with multiple comorbidities; FSS and obesity were included as covariates in multivariate analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0.ResultsSixty‐Eight patients ages 0–21 years met inclusion criteria. Median age was 14.9 years, 55.9% were female, median Body Mass Index percentile was 62, and 42.6% were African American. Compared with those without asthma, patients with asthma averaged longer LOS (20.7 vs. 10.2 days, p = 0.02), with longer PICU stay (15.9 vs. 7.6 days, p = 0.033) and prolonged maximum respiratory support (8.3 vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.016). Adjusted for obesity and poor physical function (FSS > 6), asthma remained a significant predictor of hospital LOS, PICU LOS, and days on maximum respiratory support.ConclusionAsthma can cause severe disease with prolonged need for maximum respiratory support among children with COVID‐19.
To B or not to B. The rationale for quantifying B‐lines in pediatric lung diseases
Authors: Parri Niccolò , Allinovi Marco , Giacalone Martina , Corsini Iuri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLung ultrasound (LUS) is emerging as adjunct tool to be used during clinical assessment. Among the different hallmarks of LUS, B‐lines are well known artifacts, which are not correlated with identifiable structures, but which can be used for pathological classification. The presence of multiple B‐lines is a sonographic sign of lung interstitial syndrome. It has been demonstrated in adults that there is a direct correlation between the number of B‐lines and the severity of the interstitial involvement of lung disease. Counting B‐lines is an attempt to enrich the clinical assessment and clinical information, beyond obtaining a simple dichotomous answer. Semiquantitative or quantitative B‐line assessment has been shown to correlate with fluid overload and demonstrated prognostic implications in specific neonatal and pediatric conditions. LUS with quantitative B‐lines assessment is promising. Current evidence allows for quantification of B‐lines in a limited number of neonatal and pediatric diseases.
Impact Safety Improvement of High Explosives Through the Use of Internal Cavity Design
Authors: Xiao Zhaofei , Thornhill Ryan , Arora Hari , Warren Robert , Belblidia Fawzi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study offers improved safety design guidelines for high explosives (HE), creating impact insensitive geometries, capitalising on the potential for additive layer manufacturing techniques. There are numerous safety concerns when considering energetic materials and HEs, the primary concern, subject of this work, is the risk of unplanned detonation from impact. There are multiple potential causes for unplanned detonation due to impact; one of which is the impact from a high‐speed foreign object. Despite this substantial risk, the problem has not been publicly addressed by means of adjusting the design of the charge itself. Therefore, investigations into the internal design of the charge were executed, whereby the inclusion of various sized and shaped voids are assessed, to establish their effect upon the reactivity of the HE. Using computational modelling, allows for numerous designs to be assessed and developed, and the impact sensitivity of the charge to be tested across a range of scenarios. The proposed validated computational model enables designs to be optimised in a safe and efficient manner, reducing the number of physical tests required, and thus minimising time, cost and the environmental impact.
Negative Shannon Information Hides Networks
Authors: Luo Ming‐Xing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShannon information is defined for characterizing the uncertainty information of classical probabilistic distributions. As an uncertainty measure it is generally believed to be positive. This holds for any information quantity from two random variables because of the polymatroidal axioms. However, it is unknown why there is negative information for more than two random variables on finite dimensional spaces. It is first shown that the negative tripartite Shannon mutual information implies specific Bayesian network representations of its joint distribution. Then it is shown that the negative Shannon information is obtained from general tripartite Bayesian networks with quantum realizations. This provides a device‐independent witness of negative Shannon information. Finally the result is extended for general networks. The present result shows new insights in the network compatibility from non‐Shannon information inequalities.
Micromodel of a Gas Diffusion Electrode Tracks In‐Operando Pore‐Scale Wetting Phenomena
Authors: Kalde Anna M. , Grosseheide Maren , Brosch Sebastian , Pape Sharon V. , Keller Robert G. , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUtilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) as a resource for carbon monoxide (CO) production using renewable energy requires electrochemical reactors with gas diffusion electrodes that maintain a stable and highly reactive gas/liquid/solid interface. Very little is known about the reasons why gas diffusion electrodes suffer from unstable long‐term operation. Often, this is associated with flooding of the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) within a few hours of operation. A better understanding of parameters influencing the phase behavior at the electrolyte/electrode/gas interface is necessary to increase the durability of GDEs. In this work, a microfluidic structure with multi‐scale porosity featuring heterogeneous surface wettability to realistically represent the behavior of conventional GDEs is presented. A gas/liquid/solid phase boundary was established within a conductive, highly porous structure comprising a silver catalyst and Nafion binder. Inoperando visualization of wetting phenomena was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Non‐reversible wetting, wetting of hierarchically porous structures and electrowetting were observed and analyzed. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enabled the observation of reactions on the model electrode surface. The presented methodology enables the systematic evaluation of spatio‐temporally evolving wetting phenomena as well as species characterization for novel catalyst materials under realistic GDE configurations and process parameters.
Kidney‐Targeted Nanoparticles Loaded with the Natural Antioxidant Rosmarinic Acid for Acute Kidney Injury Treatment
Authors: Li Jiajia , Duan Qijia , Wei Xiaona , Wu Jianping , Yang Qiongqiong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease with high morbidity and mortality, and with a lack of effective drugs for treatment. Oxidative stress is very important in the occurrence and progression of AKI, and antioxidants use is one of the promising treatments. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a ubiquitous natural polyphenol with powerful antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Due to its inherent characteristic with poor water solubility and inferior bioavailability, its clinical application is impeded. Hence, the authors design a nanoparticle for effectively delivering RA, which is a chemical complex of RA and fourth‐generation poly‐amidoamine‐based amphiphilic polymer (G4‐PAMAM). The nanoparticle is modified with l‐serine due to the specific interaction between kidney injury molecule–1 (Kim‐1) and serine, which eventually generates a promising AKI kidney–targeting nanoparticle (S‐G‐R). The S‐G‐R is rapidly cumulated and long‐term retained in ischemia‐reperfusion–induced AKI kidneys, especially in the damaged renal tubular cells. The S‐G‐R exhibits more excellent antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects in vitro and has a more outstanding ability to improve the renal function, repair damaged renal tissue, and decrease oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis of tubular cells in vivo. Overall, this study might develop a safe and effective targeting strategy for the therapy of AKI.
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profile and molecular typing of Campylobacter species isolated from poultry meat samples
Authors: Hadiyan Maryam , Momtaz Hassan , Shakerian Amir 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most significant Campylobacter species responsible for severe gastrointestinal disorders. Raw poultry meat is considered a source of Campylobacter transmission to the human population.ObjectivesThe present study was aimed to assess the prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance properties, virulence characters and molecular typing of C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from raw poultry meat samples.MethodsThree hundred and eighty raw poultry meat samples were collected and analysed for the presence of Campylobacter spp. using the microbial culture. Species identification was done using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Disk diffusion was developed to assess the antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates. The distribution of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes was determined by PCR. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus‐PCR was used for molecular typing.ResultsCampylobacter species were isolated from 6.25% of examined samples. C. jejuni and C. coli contamination rates were found to be 57.44% and 48.14%, respectively. C. jejuni strains harboured the highest resistance rate against serythromycin (42.59%), ampicillin (38.88%), ciprofloxacin (33.33%), chloramphenicol (31.48%) and tetracycline (31.48%). C. coli isolates harboured the highest resistance rate against ampicillin (73.07%), ciprofloxacin (73.07%), erythromycin (65.38%) and chloramphenicol (50%). AadE1 (44.44%), blaOXA‐61 (42.59%) and tet(O) (35.18%) were the most commonly detected resistance genes in C. jejuni and cmeB (34.61%) and blaOXA‐61 (34.61%) were the most commonly detected among C. coli strains. The most frequent virulence factors among the C. jejuni isolates were flaA (100%), ciaB (100%), racR (83.33%), dnaJ (81.48%), cdtB (81.48%), cdtC (79.62%) and cadF (74.07%). The most frequent virulence factors among the C. coli isolates were flaA (100%), ciaB (100%), pldA (65.38%) and cadF (61.53%).ConclusionsThe majority of C. jejuni and C. coli strains had more than 80% similarities in their ERIC‐PCR pattern, which may show their common source of transmission. The role of goose and quebec meat samples as reservoirs of virulent and antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. was determined.
The effectiveness of antler point restrictions to achieve management goals
Authors: Cain Rebecca L. , Williams David M. , Porter William F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStakeholder input is part of the decision‐making process in wildlife management but reaching a decision that satisfies everyone may be impractical when stakeholders are divided on a particular issue or regulation. Antler point restrictions for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are intended to protect yearling males from harvest by hunters. Still, stakeholders debate the value of using antler restrictions to achieve harvest goals. In 2013, Michigan implemented antler point restrictions in 12 counties in the northwest area of the state. Using a series of piecewise regressions and annual harvest data from 23 counties in Michigan, we tested the hypotheses that antler point restrictions caused a change in the age structure of harvested male deer (H1), antlerless harvest (H2), and hunter numbers (H3). We found support for H1, but we did not find support for the other hypotheses. Based on our results, antler point restrictions would be a useful tool where the management goal is to advance the age structure of the male segment of the white‐tailed deer harvest. However, we found no evidence that implementing antler point restrictions would help managers increase the antlerless harvest or recruit more hunters to the area. Therefore, managers might consider using antler point restrictions to reduce the harvest of yearling males, but these regulations are unlikely to have notable or lasting impacts on antlerless harvest or hunter numbers.
Bi(III) stable in the coordination compounds with XeF2 as a ligand
Authors: Tramšek Melita , Goreshnik Evgeny , Tavčar Gašper 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMain group trivalent metal canter is added to the diverse family of coordination compounds with XeF2 as a ligand for the first time. [Bi(XeF2)3](BiF6)3 can be prepared by the direct reaction between BiF3, BiF5 and XeF2 in anhydrous HF as solvent. The compound is stable at room temperature under inert conditions. In the compound, the same metal is found in two oxidation states: Bi(III) and Bi(V). [Bi(XeF2)3](BiF6)3 crystalizes in hexagonal space group P
2 c at 150 K with a=10.3296(5) Å, b=10.3296(5) Å, c=12.1775(7) Å. The metal centre Bi(III) is coordinated with nine F atoms. Six F atoms from BiF6 units are located in the corners of the trigonal prism, while the rectangular faces of the trigonal prism are capped with F atoms from three XeF2 ligands. The Bi(III) centres are connected via Bi(V)F6 units into the three dimensional network. All three XeF2 ligands are non‐bridging.
Conclusion: Towards Excellence in Research, Learning and Teaching Public Policy
Authors: Aiyede E. Remi , Muganda Beatrice 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter establishes and underscores the salience of the central claims of the chapters of the book, the skills and abilities the readings support as part of the research and public policy programmes. It begins by examining the travails of the effort to promote evidence-informed policy making from the 1950s in the build-up to independence, through the period of central planning, fiscal crisis and recession, structural adjustment, and the entrance and proliferation of independent think tanks. It shows that after a lull during the periods of dictatorship and the shrinking of the democratic space, the liberalisation and democratisation process from the 1990s onwards has rekindled consciousness and interest in promoting evidence-informed policy making. African countries have become part of the evidence revolution indicated by the establishment of national policy evaluation systems across the continent. The chapters together constitute essential materials for understanding various aspects and dimensions of policy making in Africa with emphasis on quality research and excellence in both teaching and learning of the graduate programmes in public policy.
Governance and Politics of Public Policy in Africa
Authors: Aiyede E. Remi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses the interconnections among the concepts of governance, politics and public policy and examines the political and governance issues around policy making in Africa. It explores the concepts of “public policy”, “Politics” and “governance” and their inter-relationship. It then elaborates the main features of the governance context of policy making and the formal governance institutions of policy making: the arms of government and the models and systems of government. It also describes policy roles of the party and electoral systems as frameworks of democratic governance. It explores public policy instruments and actors in the policymaking process as well as the informal dimensions of politics and public policy making.