bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Hundred Years of Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders
Authors: Casini Alessandro , Moerloose Philippe de , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCongenital fibrinogen disorders encompass a broad range of fibrinogen defects characterized by a wide molecular and clinical spectrum. From the first clinical description of afibrinogenemia in 1920, many major achievements have contributed to a better understanding of these complex disorders. The finding of causative mutations in all three fibrinogen genes has contributed to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in biosynthesis of the fibrinogen molecule and to clarify the basic processes of fibrin polymerization and fibrinolysis. The compilation of abundant cases with detailed genetic, biological, and clinical features has enabled the classification of congenital fibrinogen disorders into several types and subtypes. Thus, the recent classification of congenital fibrinogen disorder is based not only on the clottable and antigenic fibrinogen levels but also on the patient's clinical phenotype and genotype. Fibrinogen supplementation is the cornerstone of bleeding management in fibrinogen disorders. Since the discovery of blood fractionation, the method of production of fibrinogen concentrate has been progressively modified to significantly improve purity and safety. Nevertheless, the availability of such products is still limited to a few countries and the optimal threshold of fibrinogen to target is still not established. In this review, we describe the major advances that have characterized 100 years of congenital fibrinogen disorders, focusing on afibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia.
Esophageal Perforation into the Pericardium in a 3-Year-Old Child with Esophageal Stricture: A Rare Complication Following Esophageal Dilatation
Authors: Nasser Abdulrahman , Nassir Raif , Awan Muhammad Younas , AlShawa Mohammad Anas , Habib Zakaria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerforation of the esophagus during dilatation is a rare complication that might cause mortality. We present the report of a 3-year-old girl who was diagnosed with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 17 months of age. She experienced a complicated clinical course after chemotherapy was initiated, which included mucositis and acute pericarditis. She later developed an acquired esophageal stricture and tracheoesophageal fistula, which were managed with resection and primary anastomosis when she was in remission. Postoperatively, the patient developed a leak, which was treated conservatively. She subsequently developed a stricture that was treated successfully. On the fourth dilatation attempt and after she was sent home, she presented with persistent vomiting and low-grade fever and became vitally unstable on the same day, after stabilization, upper gastroenterology contrast revealed contrast filling the pericardium. She was managed conservatively with close observation and serial echocardiograms and then discharged home on day 18 in good condition after complete resolution of the pericardial effusion.
Simulating the low-temperature, metastable electrochromism of Photosystem I: Applications to Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and Chroococcidiopsis thermalis
Authors: Langley J. , Purchase R. , Viola S. , Fantuzzi A. , Davis G. A. , Shen Jian-Ren , Rutherford A. W. , Krausz E. , Cox N. 
Published: September 2022

Low-temperature, metastable electrochromism has been used as a tool to assign pigments in Photosystem I (PS I) from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and both the white light and far-red light (FRL) forms of Chroococcidiopsis thermalis. We find that a minimum of seven pigments is required to satisfactorily model the electrochromism of PS I. Using our model, we provide a short list of candidates for the chlorophyll f pigment in FRL C. thermalis that absorbs at 756 nm, whose identity, to date, has proven to be controversial. Specifically, we propose the linker pigments A40 and B39 and two antenna pigments A26 and B24 as defined by crystal structure 1JB0. The pros and cons of these assignments are discussed, and we propose further experiments to better understand the functioning of FRL C. thermalis.
Structure and dynamics of a 1,4-polybutadiene melt in an alumina nanopore: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Tannoury L. , Solar M. , Paul W. 
Published: September 2022

We present results of molecular dynamics simulations of a chemically realistic model of 1,4-polybutadiene confined in a cylindrical alumina nanopore of diameter 10 nm. The simulations are done at three different temperatures above the glass transition temperature Tg. We investigate the density layering across the nanopore as well as the orientational ordering in the polymer melt, brought about by the confinement, on both the segmental and chain scales. For the chain scale ordering, the magnitude and orientation of the axes of the gyration tensor ellipsoid of single chains are studied and are found to prefer to align parallel to the pore axis. Even though double bonds near the wall are preferentially oriented along the pore walls, studying the nematic order parameter indicates that there is no nematic ordering at the melt–wall interface. As for the dynamics in the melt, we focus here on the mean-square-displacement of the monomers for several layers across the nanopore as well as the movement of the chain center of mass both of which display a slowing down of the dynamics in the layer at the wall. We also show the strong adsorption of the monomers to the pore wall at lower temperatures.
Negative corona discharge mechanism in C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures
Authors: Gao Qingqing , Wang Xiaohua , Adamiak Kazimierz , Qi Xiangcheng , Yang Aijun , Liu Dingxin , Niu Chunping , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: September 2022

Due to their good dielectric properties and low global warming potential, C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures have shown promising potential to replace SF6 in high voltage gas insulated equipment. However, during manufacturing, installation, and transportation of power equipment, burs and metal particles can be inevitably left inside, and they can cause corona discharge. Fundamental investigation of the corona discharge mechanism is essential to monitor partial discharge signals in environmentally friendly power equipment. This paper applies the fluid model to investigate the discharge mechanism of C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures in negative point-plane corona discharge. A 2D axisymmetric model combines the drift-diffusion equations for electrons, positive ions, and negative ions and Poisson’s equation to study the process of dynamics. The gas is a mixture of C4F7N (5%, 7%, or 13%) and CO2 or N2 (95%, 93%, or 87%). The rise time of the first discharge pulse in C4F7N–CO2 and C4F7N–N2 mixtures is about 0.1 ns. The interval time between the first and the second pulse in the 5% C4F7N–95%CO2 mixture is about 1.5 times longer than that in the 5% C4F7N–95% N2 mixture. When the C4F7N content is 7% and 13%, the interval time between the first and second pulses in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures is about 2 and 3 times longer than those in C4F7N–N2 mixtures, respectively. The suppression regions in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures are larger than those in corresponding C4F7N–N2 mixtures. The total number of electrons, positive ions, and negative ions in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures is higher than that in C4F7N–N2 mixtures, while the reduced electric field in C4F7N–CO2 mixtures is smaller than that in C4F7N–N2 mixtures.
The country toad and the city toad: comparing morphology of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) from rural and urban environments
Authors: Komine Hirotaka , Yasumiba Kiyomi , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Urbanization is a principal driver of global biodiversity loss. Although many studies have examined the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, we are only beginning to study urbanization as an evolutionary force. Urban environments are hotspots for invasive species, but most previous studies have focused on phenotypic changes in native species responding to urbanization. Quantifying the phenotypic responses of invasive species to urbanization may help reveal mechanisms promoting invasion. There are, however, few studies investigating the phenotypic response of invasive species to urbanization. We compared morphological traits of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) between urban and rural areas in three cities in north-eastern Australia using generalized linear mixed models. We found that the parotoid glands, which are the major anti-predator defence of toads were smaller in urban than in rural populations. The tibiofibula length of males in urban populations was longer than those in rural populations, but females showed opposite trends, suggesting potential effects of urbanization on sexual dimorphism. These results demonstrate that urbanization drives morphological changes in invasive toads, suggesting they may adapt to urban environments rapidly.
Phenotypic and functional characteristics of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals
Authors: Kristensen Anne B , Wragg Kathleen M , Vanderven Hillary A , Lee Wen Shi , Silvers Julie , Kent Helen E , Grant Michael D , Kelleher Anthony D , Juno Jennifer A , Kent Stephen J , Parsons Matthew S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-viral effector cells. The function and phenotype of the NK cells that constitute an individual’s NK cell repertoire can be influenced by ongoing or previous viral infections. Indeed, infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) drives the expansion of a highly differentiated NK cell population characterized by expression of CD57 and the activating NKG2C receptor. This NK cell population has also been noted to occur in HIV-1-infected individuals. We evaluated the NK cells of HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected individuals to determine the relative frequency of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells and characterize these cells for their receptor expression and responsiveness to diverse stimuli. Highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells occurred at higher frequencies in HCMV-infected donors relative to HCMV-uninfected donors and were dramatically expanded in HIV-1/HCMV co-infected donors. The expanded CD57+NKG2C+ NK cell population in HIV-1-infected donors remained stable following antiretroviral therapy. CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells derived from HIV-1-infected individuals were robustly activated by antibody-dependent stimuli that contained anti-HIV-1 antibodies or therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody, and these NK cells mediated cytolysis through NKG2C. Lastly, CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells from HIV-1-infected donors were characterized by reduced expression of the inhibitory NKG2A receptor. The abundance of highly functional CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals raises the possibility that these NK cells could play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis or serve as effector cells for therapeutic/cure strategies.
Under-five mortality in Sierra Leone and possible associated factors: evidence from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Koroma Mark Momoh , Kabba John Alimamy , Wanda Jessicah , Yu Jingrong , Zhou Feiyuan , Liang Zhiyan , Tarawally Abu Bakarr , Chigoneka Kuleza , Dai Ying-Chun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High under-five mortality rate remains one of the public health challenges, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for more than half of all global cases. Sierra Leone was and is still one of the countries with the highest under-five mortality rate. Using the latest 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data, we investigated factors associated with under-five mortality in Sierra Leone. A total of 9771 mothers aged 15–49 years in the country were interviewed and included in the analysis. The dependent variable is child status (dead = 1; alive = 0). A total of 871 (9%) children died before their fifth birthday. The maternal age of 20–24 years [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33–0.64; P &lt; 0.001] up to 40–44 years (AOR = 0.43; CI = 0.27–0.7; P = 0.001), currently breastfeeding (AOR = 0.20; CI = 0.17–0.24; P &lt; 0.001), maternal media exposure and usage of reading newspapers/magazines less than once a week (AOR = 0.48; CI = 0.28–0.85; P = 0.011) were more likely to enhance child survivability through their fifth birthday. Also, the child sex being female (AOR = 0.68; CI = 0.59–0.79) was more likely to survive under-five mortality compared to their male counterpart. On the other hand, mothers who listened to radio at least once a week (AOR = 1.31; CI = 1.08–1.59; P = 0.007) watched television less than once a week (AOR = 1.48; CI = 1.16–1.90), had two (AOR = 3.4, CI = 2.78–4.16; P &lt; 0.001) or three and above birth (AOR = 8.11; CI = 6.07–10.83; P &lt; 0.001) in five years, had multiple birth children (AOR = 1.41; CI = 1.08–1.86) and very small-sized child at birth (AOR= 1.95; CI = 1.41–2.70) were more likely to lose their children below the age of 5 years. The factors contributing to under-five mortality in Sierra Leone are critical to ensuring child survival and improving maternal health. Breastfeeding, maternal age, media exposure, child’s sex, multiple birth type, very small-sized child and the total number of births in 5 years were significant drivers of under-five mortality. The result affirms the need for attention to be focused on enhancing the survival rate of under-five children in Sierra Leone.
A Composite Recombinant Salivary Proteins Biomarker for Phlebotomus argentipes Provides a Surveillance Tool Postelimination of Visceral Leishmaniasis in India
Authors: Iniguez Eva , Saha Samiran , Petrellis Georgios , Menenses Claudio , Herbert Samantha , Gonzalez-Rangel Yvonne , Rowland Tobin , Aronson Naomi E , Rose Clair , Rafuse Haines Lee , Acosta-Serrano Alvaro , Serafim Tiago D , Oliveira Fabiano , Srikantiah Sridhar , Bern Caryn , Valenzuela Jesus G , Kamhawi Shaden 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC) has declined by more than 95% since initiation of the elimination program in 2005. As the ISC transitions to the postelimination surveillance phase, an accurate measurement of human-vector contact is needed to assure long-term success. To develop this tool, we identified PagSP02 and PagSP06 from saliva of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of Leishmania donovani in the ISC, as immunodominant proteins in humans. We also established the absence of cross-reactivity with Phlebotomus papatasi saliva, the only other human-biting sand fly in the ISC. Importantly, by combining recombinant rPagSP02 and rPagSP06 we achieved greater antibody recognition and specificity than single salivary proteins. The receiver operating characteristics curve for rPagSP02 + rPagSP06 predicts exposure to Ph. argentipes bites with 90% specificity and 87% sensitivity compared to negative control sera (P &gt;.0001). Overall, rPagSP02 + rPagSP06 provides an effective surveillance tool for monitoring vector control efforts after VL elimination.
(In)Stability of Gender Attitudes in Times of Family Policy Change—A Latent Class Analysis of Germany, Austria, and Sweden
Authors: Sievers Tjorven , Warner Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assuming a long-term feedback loop between attitudes about gender divisions of labor and family policy, we examine such attitudes in Germany, Austria, and Sweden, between 1994 and 2012. Using a longitudinal, case study approach, we argue that attitudes on the gender division of labor need to be put in relation to both recent family policy changes and a country’s gender regime. Employing latent class analysis, we examine the prevalence of different views on gender division of labor over time and test for measurement invariance to assess whether characteristics of attitudinal groups change across years. Results show increasing support for maternal employment within traditional groups in eastern and western Germany, potentially reflecting shifting policy within a changing gender regime. Simultaneously, intensive mothering and traditional attitudes remain more prevalent in Austria and western Germany than in eastern Germany and Sweden, indicating a persistent maternalist ideal among segments of these historically domestic gender regimes.
The Efficacy and Safety of Radiofrequency Microneedling Versus a Nonablative Fractional 1,550-nm Erbium:Glass Laser for the Rejuvenation of the Neck
Authors: Almukhtar Rawaa , Wood Emily , Goldman Mitchel , Fabi Sabrina G. , Boen Monica 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) and nonablative fractional 1,550-nm erbium:glass lasers (NAFLs) have been reported to be used with success in neck rejuvenation. There are no head-to-head trials to compare these modalities.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency microneedling and nonablative fractional 1,550-nm erbium:glass lasers for the rejuvenation of the neck.

METHODS
This was a single-center, randomized, investigator-blinded clinical trial. A total of 21 subjects were randomized into 2 groups, NAFL and RFMN; subjects received 3 treatments 4 weeks apart and were followed up 12 weeks after last treatment.

RESULTS
Subjects in NAFL and RFMN groups showed 42.1% and 8.6% improvement in the Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkling Score, respectively, 41.3% and 16.3% improvement in the elastosis score, respectively. Subjects in the NAFL 1,550-nm erbium:glass group showed significantly better blinded investigator Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkling and Elastosis scores; subjects in the RFMN groups showed a more significant reduction in the Horizontal Neck Wrinkle Severity Score. There was a trend for higher patient satisfaction with the NAFL.

CONCLUSION
This study showed that both treatments resulted in significant improvement in wrinkling and elastosis scores; the NAFL treatment was associated with significantly better blinded investigator Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkling and Elastosis scores and better subject satisfaction.
The Role of Surgery After Remission of Nonsystemic Extensive Periorbital Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated by Vismodegib: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peillex Delphine , Passemard Léa , Magnin Benoit , Rouanet Jacques , Pham Dang Nathalie 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually cured by surgery. However, for a minority of patients, extensive disease progression and recurrence contraindicate surgery or radiotherapy because of severe ocular morbidity. The hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor vismodegib is becoming the key treatment for this specific form.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to define the role of surgery after vismodegib treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases was conducted for all articles published up to March 2021 to identify studies that examined treatment of BCC of the eyelid by vismodegib.

RESULTS
Level 1 evidence was found for the use of vismodegib as neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced eyelid BCC contraindicated to surgery and/or radiotherapy with a rather good tolerance of treatment. Level 3 evidence was found for the role of surgical excision of residual clinically suspicious lesions as for the indication of eyelid reconstruction after mapping or during residual tumoral resection if frozen sections or Mohs surgery were performed.

CONCLUSION
Vismodegib is a well-tolerated treatment for advanced periorbital BCC. The hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor vismodegib is a potential treatment option in patients with these challenging tumors.
Blood pressure response to standing is a strong determinant of masked hypertension in young to middle-age individuals
Authors: Palatini Paolo , Mos Lucio , Rattazzi Marcello , Spinella Paolo , Ermolao Andrea , Vriz Olga , Battista Francesca , Saladini Francesca 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The pathophysiologic mechanisms of masked hypertension are still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the blood pressure response to standing is a determinant of masked hypertension in young individuals.

Design and methods:
We studied 1078 individuals (mean age 33.2 ± 8.5 years) with stage-1 untreated hypertension at baseline. Orthostatic response was defined as the difference between six SBP measurements in the orthostatic and supine postures. People with a response more than 6.5 mmHg (upper decile) were defined as hyperreactors. After 3 months of follow-up, 24-h ambulatory BP was measured and the participants were classified as normotensives (N = 120), white-coat hypertensive individuals (N = 168), masked hypertensive individuals (N = 166) and sustained hypertensive individuals (N = 624). In 591 participants, 24-h urinary epinephrine was also measured.

Results:
Orthostatic response was an independent predictor of masked hypertension after 3 months (P = 0.001). In the whole group, the odds ratio for the Hyperreactors was 2.5 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.5–4.0, P < 0.001]. In the participants stratified by orthostatic response and urinary epinephrine, the odds ratio for masked hypertension was 4.2 (95% CI, 1.8–9.9, P = 0.001) in the hyperreactors with epinephrine above the median and was 2.6 (95% CI, 0.9–7.3, P = 0.069) in those with epinephrine below the median. The association between orthostatic response and masked hypertension was confirmed in the cross-sectional analysis after 3 months (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present findings indicate that hyperreactivity to standing is a significant determinant of masked hypertension. The odds ratio for masked hypertension was even quadrupled in people with an orthostatic response more than 6.5 mmHg and high urinary epinephrine suggesting a role of sympathoadrenergic activity in the pathogenesis of masked hypertension.
Differences in Suicidality in Non–Treatment-Seeking and Treatment-Seeking Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Ponder Warren N. , Beauchamp Alaina M. , Schuman Donna L. , Carbajal Jose , Jetelina Katelyn K. , Galusha Jeanine M. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveLaw enforcement officers (LEOs) are exposed to high levels of occupational trauma and face added stress from heightened public scrutiny and COVID-19, which may result in suicide. It is crucial to understand differences between LEOs who seek treatment and those who do not.MethodWe compared LEOs from the same greater metropolitan area who sought treatment with those who did not. Participants completed validated measures assessing posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety, depression, and suicidality.ResultsThe treatment-seeking sample scores were higher on all standardized assessments. Bivariate logistic regression results indicated that the non–treatment-seeking sample's odds of experiencing suicidality were 1.76 times the odds for the treatment seeking sample.Conclusions:This suggests that many LEOs experiencing suicidality may not be seeking treatment and highlights the role that posttraumatic stress disorder may play in determining whether LEOs seek treatment or not.