bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating inconsistency in health responses: evidence from elderly in India
Authors: Ghosh Dona 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper explored the reliability of self-reported health and the impact of the social position in determining the inconsistent health response (IHR), in late life. Reliability of self-reported health is important to evaluate, as it is the primary step for asking health-care facility. As self-reported health is a subjective measure, elderly people might have a tendency of under-reporting the health problem because of lower socioeconomic status. This incidence can cause inaccurate estimate of the health problem of the aged at the time of formulating health policy or providing health-care infrastructure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the sources of inconsistent responses of self-reported health by comparing it with the existence of chronicle ailment and to identify the vulnerable group that health care supports.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses nationally representative unit-level data from the National Sample Survey of India. Using the bi-variate probit model, joint estimation of reported health and IHRs is determined. The study compares perceived and actual health status and explores how individual characteristics and socioeconomic position contributes to IHRs among the elderly population.

Findings
Major findings of this study are as follows: firstly, self-reported health has little reliability, as it is compared with the existence of chronicle ailment. Older people in the rural areas have greater tendency to under-estimate the health problem, whereas urban elders tend to over-estimate it; and secondly, the inconsistency in health response is significantly associated with social caste, economic status and attainment of education.

Social implications
The results of this study from bivariate probit model offer deeper understandings about the reliability of self-reported health and provide further insights to improve policy design formulated to mitigate the health inequality among the elders. This study might be helpful to design an inexpensive and easily available health measure, which is very important for a highly populated aging country with limited health-care resources.

Originality/value
To the best of author’s knowledge, it is the first study that has identified the sources of inconsistent health and direction of inconsistency that is where self-reported health over- or under-estimates the actual health response among the elderly in a developing country like India, where the growth rate of population aging is faster than the world.
Subnational economic conditions and the changing geography of mass Euroscepticism: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: MAYNE QUINTON , KATSANIDOU ALEXIA 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExisting research mainly analyzes mass attitudes towards the European Union (EU) from the national and individual‐level perspective. This paper adds to this literature by focusing on the relationship between EU support and subnational economic conditions, using harmonized survey data covering 40 years and 1.1 million respondents in 197 European regions. We first describe Europe's changing subnational conditions in terms of catch‐up, wealthy, declining and glass‐ceiling regions. The paper then develops and tests a set of hypotheses regarding the temporally dynamic relationship between EU attitudes and regions’ long‐ and short‐term economic conditions. Our analyses reveal important longitudinal variations in this relationship with low levels of geographic differentiation in public opinion giving way to clear spatial differences in recent years. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the Great Recession and Brexit have generated a new geography of both Euroscepticism in Europe's declining regions and EU support in its wealthy and catch‐up regions.
Experimental auctions with exogenous and endogenous information treatment: Willingness to pay for improved parboiled rice in Benin
Authors: Zossou Espérance , Fiamohe Rose , Vodouhe Simple Davo , Demont Matty 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe impact of information as an extrinsic quality cue on consumers’ valuation of intrinsic food quality attributes can be captured by incorporating ‘information treatments’ in experimental auctions. We combine ‘exogenous’ information treatments (a video broadcast and a radio transcript) on the benefits of a locally produced improved rice processing technology with an ‘endogenous’ information treatment which elicits word‐of‐mouth exchange among consumers. We assess the effects of these information treatments on consumers’ choice and valuation of parboiled rice with upgraded quality in two urban markets in Benin. We find that exogenous information increases market share of the locally produced improved product by 14% at the expense of the competing, imported product, an effect which is further amplified by 11% through endogenous information. Endogenous information has a dampening effect on price premiums though; while visual and auditory information added 6–14% value to local rice, word‐of‐mouth reduced the value by 2%.
Validation and beyond: Next generation sequencing of forensic casework samples including challenging tissue samples from altered human corpses using the MiSeq FGx system
Authors: Senst Alina , Caliebe Amke , Scheurer Eva , Schulz Iris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe proceeding developments in next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable increasing discrimination power for short tandem repeat (STR) analyses and provide new possibilities for human identification. Therefore, the growing relevance and demand in forensic casework display the need for reliable validation studies and experiences with challenging DNA samples. The presented validation of the MiSeq FGx system and the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit (1) investigated sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, concordance, pooling variations, DNA extraction method variances, DNA mixtures, degraded, and casework samples and (2) optimized the sequencing workflow for challenging samples from human corpses by testing additional PCR purification, pooling adjustments, and adapter volume reductions. Overall results indicate the system's reliability in concordance to traditional capillary electrophoresis (CE)‐based genotyping and reproducibility of sequencing data. Genotyping success rates of 100% were obtained down to 62.5 pg DNA input concentrations. Autosomal STR (aSTR) profiles of artificially degraded samples revealed significantly lower numbers of locus and allelic dropouts than CE. However, it was observed that the system still exposed drawbacks when sequencing highly degraded and inhibited samples from human remains. Due to the lack of studies evaluating the sequencing success of samples from decomposed or skeletonised corpses, the presented optimisation studies provide valuable recommendations such as an additional PCR purification, an increase in library pooling volumes, and a reduction of adapter volumes for samples with concentrations ≥31.2 pg. Thus, this research highlights the importance of all‐encompassing validation studies for implementing novel technologies in forensic casework and presents recommendations for challenging samples.
Priorities for content for a short‐course on postoperative care relevant for low‐ and middle‐income countries: an e‐Delphi process with training facilitators
Authors:   The Postoperative Short Course Content Study group
Published: March 2022

SummaryMost surgical and anaesthetic mortality and morbidity occurs postoperatively, disproportionately affecting low‐ and middle‐income countries. Various short courses have been developed to improve patient outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but none specifically to address postoperative care and complications. We aimed to identify key features of a proposed short‐course addressing this topic using a Delphi process with low‐ and middle‐income country anaesthesia providers trained as short‐course facilitators. An initial questionnaire was co‐developed from literature review and exploratory workshops to include 108 potential course features. Features included content; teaching method; appropriate participants; and appropriate faculty. Over three Delphi rounds (panellists numbered 86, 64 and 35 in successive cycles), panellists indicated which features they considered most important. Responses were analysed by geographical regions: Africa, the Americas, south‐east Asia and Western Pacific. Ultimately, panellists identified 60, 40 and 54 core features for the proposed course in each region, respectively. There were high levels of consensus within regions on what constituted core course content, but not between regions. All panellists preferred the small group workshop teaching method irrespective of region. All regions considered anaesthetists to be key facilitators, while all agreed that both anaesthetists and operating theatre nurses were key participants. The African and Americas regional panels recommended more multidisciplinary healthcare professionals for participant roles. Faculty from high‐income countries were not considered high priority. Our study highlights variability between geographical regions as to which course features were perceived as most locally relevant, supporting regional adaptation of short‐course design rather than a one‐size‐fits‐all model.
Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in children before general anaesthesia for acute appendicitis
Authors: Evain J.‐N. , Allain T. , Dilworth K. , Bertrand B. , Rabattu P‐Y. , Mortamet G. , Desgranges F.‐P. , Bouvet L. , Payen J.‐F. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThere is increasing evidence that a minority of adults with acute appendicitis have gastric contents, posing an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of children with acute appendicitis who have gastric contents considered to pose a higher risk of pulmonary aspiration. We analysed point‐of‐care gastric ultrasound data routinely collected in children before emergency appendicectomy in a specialist paediatric hospital over a 30‐month period. Based on qualitative and quantitative antral assessment in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions, gastric contents were classified as ‘higher‐risk’ (clear liquid with calculated gastric fluid volume > 0.8 ml.kg−1, thick liquid or solid) or ‘lower‐risk’ of pulmonary aspiration. The 115 children studied had a mean (SD) age of 11 (3) years; 37 (32%; 95%CI: 24–42%) presented with higher‐risk gastric contents, including 15 (13%; 95%CI: 8–21%) with solid/thick liquid contents. Gastric contents could not be determined in 13 children as ultrasound examination was not feasible in the right lateral decubitus position. No cases of pulmonary aspiration occurred. This study shows that gastric ultrasound is feasible in children before emergency appendicectomy. This technique showed a range of gastric content measurements, which could contribute towards defining the risk of pulmonary aspiration.
Risk factors for early recurrence after discontinuing lithium in bipolar disorder
Authors: Baldessarini Ross J. , Pinna Marco , Contu Martina , Vázquez Gustavo H. , Tondo Leonardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTime to a new episode of bipolar disorder (BD) is shorter after discontinuing lithium rapidly. We now address this and other factors associated with the risk of early illness after discontinuing lithium.MethodsWe compared factors for association with recurrences of BD within 12 months of discontinuing long‐term lithium treatment, using bivariate and multivariable analyses, as well as survival analysis to evaluate latency to new episodes versus rate of lithium‐discontinuation and prior treatment duration.ResultsAmong 227 BD subjects who received lithium for 4.47 [CI: 3.89–5.04] years and then discontinued, rapid treatment‐discontinuation, and stopping for medical reasons were strongly associated with new illness‐episodes within 12 months, as were diagnosis (BD‐I > BD‐II), greater morbidity during lithium‐treatment, and less education, but neither longer treatment nor serum lithium concentrations. Discontinuation rate was strongly associated with shorter median latency to a new episode (rapid: 3.50; gradual [≥2 weeks]: 10.6 months), even with very early recurrences excluded to avoid potential contributions of emerging illness to treatment‐discontinuation. Early recurrence was not associated with treatment‐duration of ≥2 or ≥5 years or less. In multivariable logistic regression, rapid discontinuation, stopping for medical reasons, and BD‐I diagnosis remained significantly, independently associated with early illness after lithium‐discontinuation, with no effect of treatment duration.ConclusionsEarly recurrence risk was again much greater after rapid discontinuation of lithium and discontinuing for medical reasons, somewhat greater with BD‐I than BD‐II, and following greater morbidity during lithium‐treatment, but not related to dose or duration of preceding treatment exposure.
Androgen/Wnt/β‐catenin signal axis augments cell proliferation of the mouse erectile tissue, corpus cavernosum
Authors: Kajimoto Mizuki , Suzuki Kentaro , Ueda Yuko , Fujimoto Kota , Takeo Toru , Nakagata Naomi , Hyuga Taiju , Isono Kyoichi , Yamada Gen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe murine penile erectile tissues including corpus cavernosum (CC) are composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and connective tissue, showing marked sexual differences. It has been known that the androgens are required for sexually dimorphic organogenesis. It is however unknown about the features of androgen signaling during mouse CC development. It is also unclear how androgen‐driven downstream factors are involved such processes. In the current study, we analyzed the onset of sexually dimorphic CC formation based on histological analyses, the dynamics of androgen receptor (AR) expression, and regulation of cell proliferation. Of note, we identified Dickkopf‐related protein 2 (Dkk2), an inhibitor of β‐catenin signaling, was predominantly expressed in female CC compared with male. Furthermore, administration of androgens resulted in activation of β‐catenin signaling. We have found the Sox9 gene, one of the essential markers for chondrocyte, was specifically expressed in the developing CC. Hence, we utilized CC‐specific, Sox9 CreERT2, β‐catenin conditional mutant mice. Such mutant mice showed defective cell proliferation. Furthermore, introduction of activated form of β‐catenin mutation (gain of function mutation for Wnt/β‐catenin signaling) in CC induced augmented cell proliferation. Altogether, we revealed androgen‐Wnt/β‐catenin signal dependent cell proliferation was essential for sexually dimorphic CC formation. These findings open new avenues for understanding developmental mechanisms of androgen‐dependent cell proliferation during sexual differentiation.
Evolving gaps: Occupational structure in southern and northern Italy, 1400–1861
Authors: Chilosi David , Ciccarelli Carlo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the Risorgimento (1800–61), southern Italy was less industrial than central‐northern Italy and initially agricultural provinces in the north saw rapid structural transformation. During the Renaissance (1400–1600), structural transformation in the south led to a near halving of the initial difference in agricultural employment share between the centre‐north and the south, but convergence came to a halt with the ‘seventeenth‐century crisis’. These trends suggest that regional inequality was evolving rather than persistent.
Deep learning resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Luckett Patrick H. , Maccotta Luigi , Lee John J. , Park Ki Yun , U. F. Dosenbach Nico , Ances Beau M. , Hogan Robert Edward , Shimony Joshua S. , Leuthardt Eric C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveLocalization of focal epilepsy is critical for surgical treatment of refractory seizures. There remains a great need for noninvasive techniques to localize seizures for surgical decision‐making. We investigate the use of deep learning using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) to identify the hemisphere of seizure onset in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients.MethodsA total of 2132 healthy controls and 32 preoperative TLE patients were studied. All participants underwent structural MRI and RS‐fMRI. Healthy control data were used to generate training samples for a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3DCNN). RS‐fMRI was synthetically altered in randomly lateralized regions in the healthy control participants. The model was then trained to classify the hemisphere containing synthetic noise. Finally, the model was tested on TLE patients to assess its performance for detecting biological seizure onset zones, and gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) identified the strongest predictive regions.ResultsThe 3DCNN classified healthy control hemispheres known to contain synthetic noise with 96% accuracy, and TLE hemispheres clinically identified to be seizure onset zones with 90.6% accuracy. Grad‐CAM identified a range of temporal, frontal, parietal, and subcortical regions that were strong anatomical predictors of the seizure onset zone, and the resting state networks that colocalized with Grad‐CAM results included default mode, medial temporal, and dorsal attention networks. Lastly, in an analysis of a subset of patients with postsurgical outcomes, the 3DCNN leveraged a more focal set of regions to achieve classification in patients with Engel Class >I compared to Engel Class I.SignificanceNoninvasive techniques capable of localizing the seizure onset zone could improve presurgical planning in patients with intractable epilepsy. We have demonstrated the ability of deep learning to identify the correct hemisphere of the seizure onset zone in TLE patients using RS‐fMRI with high accuracy. This approach represents a novel technique of seizure lateralization that could improve preoperative surgical planning.
Long‐term yields in annual and perennial bioenergy crops in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Kantola Ilsa B. , Masters Michael D. , Blanc‐Betes Elena , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , DeLucia Evan H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany yield predictions in perennial bioenergy species have been made based on data collected during the establishment phase of growth or a limited number of long‐term studies. Few studies compare multiple perennial crops with the dominant agricultural vegetation of the landscape over long time periods. Here, we present the results of 11 years of perennial crop management on fertile agricultural soils in central Illinois, compared with conventional row crop maize/soybean (Zea mays L., Glycine max L.) production. We examined the long‐term productivity and drought susceptibility of Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et. Deu. ex. Hodkinson et Renvoize (miscanthus), Panicum virgatum L., Cave‐in‐Rock cultivar (switchgrass), and a native prairie mix, in contrast to annual maize/soybean agriculture. Long‐term yields for miscanthus and switchgrass failed to reach initial predictions made during the establishment phase; however, in miscanthus, the 11th year of production shows little progressive yield loss with age, exceeding the modeled limit for the onset of age‐related decline. Harvest timing and differences in yields from hand and machine harvests in perennial crops likely contribute to overestimates of potential yields. Application of fertilizer to mature miscanthus resulted in significant increases in yield after a severe drought, though modeled effects of management and drought in miscanthus point to a more complex mechanism for yield response.
Correlations between spatial sampling biases and environmental niches affect species distribution models
Authors: Baker David J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. , Goodall Martin , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimSpatial sampling biases in biodiversity data arise because of complex interactions between geography, species characteristics and human behaviour, including preferences for or against particular species or habitats; biases are therefore not necessarily independent of the environmental niches of species. We evaluate when correlations between spatial sampling biases and environmental niches are likely to affect species distribution models (SDMs) developed both with and without attempts to correct these biases.InnovationA virtual species and virtual ecologist framework was used to simulate biodiversity data with either no spatial sampling bias or biases that were correlated (positively or negatively) with one of the environmental variables used to define the environmental niches of the species. The environmental variables used to define the species niche were simulated with spatial autocorrelation operating at multiple spatial scales. Virtual samples were then used to model species distributions, with models evaluated based on their ability to rank the suitability of sites correctly.Main conclusionsCorrelations between spatial sampling bias and environmental niches frequently reduced the rank correlation of model predictions, but the relative importance of these effects varied with species type (greater decline in rank correlation as the environmental niche broadens) and data type (models built using detection/non‐detection data were less affected than those using detection‐only data). Bias‐correction effectiveness varied depending on the structure of the spatial bias but was also highly variable across methods and dependent on data type. The implications of these results are that spatial sampling bias is a greater concern for SDMs where: (1) the distribution of effort is non‐random with respect to an environmental gradient thought to be correlated with a species’ distribution; (2) the species being modelled has a broad environmental niche; and (3) the data for modelling contain only information on detections (i.e., presence only).
Is the world ready for gene therapy?
Authors: Garrison Louis P. , Kleinermans Diane 
Published: March 2022

KEY POINTS OF CONSIDERATION
To prepare for the introduction of gene therapies in haemophilia care, healthcare frameworks for evaluation and valuation will need to evolve to address the unique requirements of current and future innovations for treating this rare disease.
The papers in this supplement provide an insightful and comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art assessment of these requirements and challenges.
In terms of evaluation, the definition of a patient‐defined value framework that captures multi‐dimensional, patient‐centered outcomes is an important first step for determining the full benefit of gene therapy for persons with haemophilia.
In terms of valuation and rewards for innovation, health systems will need to develop alternative payment models for risk‐sharing that will allow payers and society to address uncertainties about the ultimate clinical and economic value of these innovations. And health technology assessment authorities will need to exercise greater flexibility in evidence requirements given the unique features of data collection for a potentially curative therapy for a rare disease with long‐term uncertainties about durability of impact.
Collaboration among stakeholders will be essential for developing the critical evidence requirements and providing the incentives needed to achieve sustainable budgets and broad access for persons with haemophilia worldwide.