bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integral method for determining the molecular composition of lignin and its application
Authors: Ma Qingzhi , Zhang Xuejin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLignin is a natural and renewable aromatic polymer, but only about 2% of lignin is utilized with high added value. Polydispersity and heterogeneity are the key reasons for the difficulty in separation, fractionation, characterization, purification and utilization of lignin. However, the molecular weight of lignin is still described from the overall perspective of number-/weight-average molecular weight (Mn and Mw), which if far from enough to understand the heterogeneous and dispersed lignin. To provide a tool for understanding the molecular weight of lignin from a molecular perspective, an integral method for quantifying the molecular characteristics of lignin molecules at arbitrary molecular intervals on the molecular weight distribution curve of lignin was established. The molecular contents of wheat straw lignin as well as its soluble and insoluble fractions at different intervals were calculated. The ease of fractionation of small molecules with weights lower than 8000 g/mol into soluble fractions, and that of large molecules with weights higher than 10,000 g/mol into insoluble fractions were quantitatively analyzed. The established integral method will significantly help in the understanding the properties of lignin at the molecular-level, as well as the fractionation and utilization of lignin.
Persistent intraocular Ebola virus RNA is associated with severe uveitis in a convalescent rhesus monkey
Authors: Worwa Gabriella , Cooper Timothy K. , Yeh Steven , Shantha Jessica G. , Hischak Amanda M. W. , Klim Sarah E. , Byrum Russell , Kurtz Jonathan R. , Anthony Scott M. , Aiosa Nina M. , Ragland Danny , Lee Ji Hyun , Claire Marisa St. , Davis Carl , Ahmed Rafi , Holbrook Michael R. , Kuhn Jens H. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Crozier Ian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite increasing evidence that uveitis is common and consequential in survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD), the host-pathogen determinants of the clinical phenotype are undefined, including the pathogenetic role of persistent viral antigen, ocular tissue-specific immune responses, and histopathologic characterization. Absent sampling of human intraocular fluids and tissues, these questions might be investigated in animal models of disease; however, challenges intrinsic to the nonhuman primate model and the animal biosafety level 4 setting have historically limited inquiry. In a rhesus monkey survivor of experimental Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, we observed and documented the clinical, virologic, immunologic, and histopathologic features of severe uveitis. Here we show the clinical natural history, resultant ocular pathology, intraocular antigen-specific antibody detection, and persistent intraocular EBOV RNA detected long after clinical resolution. The association of persistent EBOV RNA as a potential driver of severe immunopathology has pathophysiologic implications for understanding, preventing, and mitigating vision-threatening uveitis in EVD survivors.
Elucidating N-acyl amino acids as a model protoamphiphilic system
Authors: Joshi Manesh Prakash , Uday Ashwin , Rajamani Sudha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtoamphiphiles are prebiotically-plausible moieties that would have constituted protocell membranes on early Earth. Although prebiotic soup would have contained a diverse set of amphiphiles capable of generating protocell membranes, earlier studies were mainly limited to fatty acid-based systems. Herein, we characterize N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) as a model protoamphiphilic system. To the best of our knowledge, we report a new abiotic route in this study for their synthesis under wet-dry cycles from amino acids and monoglycerides via an ester-amide exchange process. We also demonstrate how N-oleoyl glycine (NOG, a representative NAA) results in vesicle formation over a broad pH range when blended with a monoglyceride or a fatty acid. Notably, NOG also acts as a substrate for peptide synthesis under wet-dry cycles, generating different lipopeptides. Overall, our study establishes NAAs as a promising protoamphiphilic system, and highlights their significance in generating robust and functional protocell membranes on primitive Earth.
Machine-learning for designing nanoarchitectured materials by dealloying
Authors: Zhao Chonghang , Chung Cheng-Chu , Jiang Siying , Noack Marcus M. , Chen Jiun-Han , Manandhar Kedar , Lynch Joshua , Zhong Hui , Zhu Wei , Maffettone Phillip , Olds Daniel , Fukuto Masafumi , Takeuchi Ichiro , Ghose Sanjit , Caswell Thomas , Yager Kevin G. , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMachine learning-augmented materials design is an emerging method for rapidly developing new materials. It is especially useful for designing new nanoarchitectured materials, whose design parameter space is often large and complex. Metal-agent dealloying, a materials design method for fabricating nanoporous or nanocomposite from a wide range of elements, has attracted significant interest. Here, a machine learning approach is introduced to explore metal-agent dealloying, leading to the prediction of 132 plausible ternary dealloying systems. A machine learning-augmented framework is tested, including predicting dealloying systems and characterizing combinatorial thin films via automated and autonomous machine learning-driven synchrotron techniques. This work demonstrates the potential to utilize machine learning-augmented methods for creating nanoarchitectured thin films.
Meta-Therapy Applications for the Voice Evaluation
Authors: Petty Brian E. , Gillespie Amanda I. , van Leer Eva 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
Meta-therapy is conceptualized as the conversation between clinician and patient that guides treatment. Because the area of meta-therapy and behavioral change is so broad, the focus of this clinical focus article is on laying the patient's foundation for therapy during the initial voice evaluation.

Conclusions:
In 2012, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association developed evidence-based recommendations for a complete physiologic voice assessment. While the standard goal of this voice evaluation is to obtain a diagnosis, it behooves clinicians to apply meta-therapy techniques even in that early diagnostic space, for instance, to assess and facilitate readiness for change. Therefore, we present stimulability testing (assessment of an individual's ability to modify a behavior when provided with models or cues) as a critical additional component of the voice evaluation. In this light, during the voice evaluation, the patient understands that voice functions physiologically like a moving instrument rather than a static organ, that the production is a learned skill that can be optimized any time, and that the patient has potential for voice change. The evaluation should also be used to assess the patient's individual voice goal, the importance of the goal, and level of self-efficacy to pursue the goal in therapy. The patient is introduced to both the “what” of therapy—the specific exercises designed to improve voice quality—and also the “how,” the dialogue about treatment rationale and expectations for ongoing voice change and ultimate therapeutic success.
Multilayer packaging dual‐band balanced bandpass filter based on dual‐mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities with split‐type topology
Authors: Sun Xiaohang , Zhou Xin , Li Yibing , Gu Xiaojun , Xu Bin , Tam Kam Weng , Zhang Gang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new design method of the dual‐band balanced bandpass filter (BPF) using multilayer packaging dual‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities is proposed. Split‐type coupling topology based on dual‐mode resonators is developed for the design. Firstly, a single‐band balanced filter with perturbed metal vias is designed. The TE201 mode and the TE202 mode perturbed by the metal vias can form a passband. Secondly, an additional metal vias perturbed SIW cavity with the same dual‐mode is placed in the lower layer for the bandstop function. A dual‐band balanced BPF with split‐type coupling topology is successfully realised. Compared with the traditional cascaded single‐mode form, the proposed dual‐mode split‐type design has more compact size and can be more easily extended to multi‐passbands. To verify the proposed method, a dual‐band balanced filter operating at 13.3 and 14.2 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The designed dual‐band balanced filter has good filtering performance including differential mode passband transmission and common mode rejection. Measured results show good agreements with simulated ones.
Beach-Chair-Lagerung bei Schultereingriffen
Authors: Motzny Alexander 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Lagerung für Schultereingriffe (Beach Chair) ist neben der Extensionstischlagerung eine besondere Herausforderung. Im Besonderen sind Kenntnisse zu den Zugangswegen/Portalen sowie
Kenntnisse über die Anatomie für diese Lagerung wichtig. Die röntgenologische Darstellung der knöchernen Strukturen ist eine weitere Herausforderung.
Kaliumbromid – auch heute noch ein wichtiges Antikonvulsivum
Authors: Kurlemann Gerhard 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKaliumbromid ist das älteste heute noch verwendete Antikonvulsivum, das in seiner jetzt klar eingegrenzten Indikation, dem Dravet-Sydnrom, einen berechtigten Platz hat. Verschiedene ältere und neuere Studien mit zusammen über 1500 Patienten weisen dabei darauf hin, dass Kaliumbromid als Add-on in dieser Indikation anderen gebräuchlichen Antikonvulsiva in der Unterdrückung von generalisierten tonisch-klonischen Anfällen und in der Prävention des Status epilepticus überlegen sein kann. Im Unterschied zu den Grand-mal-Anfällen sprechen Myoklonien im Allgemeinen nicht auf Kaliumbromid an. Auch das EEG bleibt weitgehend unbeeinflusst. Aufgrund der heute üblichen niedrigen Dosierungen von 30–70 mg/kg Körpergewicht und der Möglichkeit regelmäßiger Kontrollen der Serumspiegel sind schwere unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen selten geworden. Die unerwünschten Wirkungen der Bromidtherapie sind angesichts des langjährigen medizinisch-therapeutischen Einsatzes gut bekannt und betreffen in erster Linie den Magen-Darm-Trakt, die Haut und das Nervensystem.
Die gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation der GLICEMIA 2.0-Studie
als Beispiel für eine komplexe Intervention
Authors: Forster Cordula , Prax Katja , Jaensch Peter , Müller Sebastian , Hepp Tobias , Schlager Helmut , Friedland Kristina , Zerth Jürgen 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Rahmen der gesundheitsökonomischen Analyse wurde in
einem Piggyback-Ansatz die Kosteneffektivität des am Point of Care
Apotheke erbrachten Präventionsprogrammes der GLICEMIA 2.0-Studie
evaluiert, das versuchte, die Teilnehmenden in der Interventionsgruppe zu einer
verbesserten glykämischen Kontrolle bei Typ-2-Diabetes mit nachhaltiger
Incentivierung von gesundheits-bewusstem Verhalten, therapeutischer Compliance
und Adhärenz heranzuführen. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt ein
passives Medikationsmanagement und ein Monitoring zum Diabetes-Status.
Methode Primärer Endpunkt der GLICEMIA 2.0-Studie war die
Stabilisierung des HbA1c-Wertes. Zur gesundheitsökonomischen
Auswertung wurden inkrementale Unterschiede in Output-Veränderungen
untersucht, definiert als Differenz der Häufigkeitsverteilung der
HbA1c-Werte zwischen den Gruppen im zeitlichen Verlauf. Als
Kostenparameter wurden direkte Programmkosten und antizipierte indirekte Kosten
der Inanspruchnahme ärztlicher Leistungen erfasst. Zur Validierung von
Kosteneffektivitätsschwellen wurde über die Bildung von
ICER-Werten ein Net-Monetary-Benefit-Ansatz herangezogen.
Ergebnis Die Interventionsgruppe erreichte signifikant höhere
Verbesserungen der HbA1c-Werte. Durch die vorgenommene
Risikostratifizierung über den Anfangsmedian der HbA1c-Werte
können Kosteneffektivitätspotenziale bei hohen
HbA1c-Ausgangswertengezeigt werden. Aufgrund des
Untersuchungszeitraums sind keine langfristigen Unterschiede in Inanspruchnahmen
ärztlicher Leistungen ersichtlich.
Schlussfolgerung Das GLICEMIA 2.0-Programm indiziert deutliche
Effektivitätspotenziale besonders bei höheren Risikograden. Der
Wirkeffekt scheint die Adhärenz der Interventions- im Vergleich zur
Kontrollgruppe befördert zu haben. Eine Ermittlung der unmittelbaren
Wirkungshebel der Gruppenintervention würde aufgrund des Charakters
einer komplexen Intervention einen längeren Zeitraum benötigen.
Aufgrund eines fehlenden Follow-up können über
längerfristige Effekte nur eingeschränkte Aussagen getroffen
werden.
Gesundheitsökonomischer Vergleich von onkologischen und
COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Griewing Sebastian , Lingenfelder Michael , Kalder Matthias , Wagner Uwe , Gremke Niklas 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Ziel der Studie ist es die Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie
auf die stationär behandelten Patienten eines universitären
Maximalversorgers mit einer Krebs- und/oder COVID-19-Erkrankung zu
untersuchen. Unterscheiden sich die Patientenkollektive
gesundheitsökonomisch und ergeben sich aus den Resultaten administrative
Konsequenzen für eine proaktive Steuerung der regionalen
Krebsversorgung.
Methodik Es wurde eine retrospektive, deskriptive Datenanalyse klinischer
und gesundheitsökonomischer Parameter aller am
Universitätsklinikum Marburg stationär aufgenommenen
onkologischen und COVID-19-postiven Patienten sowie der Kombination von
onkologischen Patienten mit einer COVID-19-Erkrankung innerhalb des
Beobachtungszeitraums von 2017 bis 2021 durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Es wurde ein Rückgang onkologisch behandelter Patienten
über den gesamten Zeitraum der COVID-19-Pandemie beobachtet.
Onkologische Patienten mit einer COVID-19-Erkrankung stellen das
Patientenkollektiv mit dem höchsten Schweregrad der Erkrankung dar,
gefolgt von der COVID-19- und rein onkologischen Patienten. Dies spiegelt sich
gleichsam in den ökonomischen Leistungskennzahlen wider. Die
chronologischen Verläufe des DRG-Erlöses und Case Mix Index pro
COVID-19-Patienten weisen Unterschiede für Zeitabschnitte des
Pandemiegeschehens in Deutschland auf.
Schlussfolgerung Der Vergleich der Patientenkollektive bestätigt
das hohes Gefährdungspotential von onkologischen Patienten, welches sich
in einer gesundheitsökonomisch aufwendigen Behandlung widerspiegelt.
Nationale Maßnahmen, Kontaktbeschränkungen oder pandemische
Ereignisse lassen sich am chronologischen Verlauf der klinischen und
wirtschaftlichen Parameter nachvollziehen. Trotz des internationalen
Rückgangs an ambulanten und stationären onkologischen Patienten
ist die „state-of-the-art“ Krebsversorgung in pandemischen
Zeiten realisierbar. Aufgrund dessen besteht die Handlungsnotwendigkeit
für einen stationären Maximalversorger durch Kommunikation und
Versorgungsmodellierung die onkologische Versorgung proaktiver zu steuern.
Novel Application of 3D Scaffolds of Poly(E-Caprolactone)/Graphene as Osteoinductive Properties in Bone Defect
Authors: Budi Hendrik Setia , Anitasari Silvia , Shen Yung-Kang , Tangwattanachuleeporn Marut , Nuraini Prawati , Setiabudi Narendra Arya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective Scaffolds provided a surface on which cells could attach, proliferate, and differentiate. Nowadays, bone tissue engineering offers hope for treating bone cancer. Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)/graphene have capability as an osteogenic and regenerative therapy. It could be used to produce bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of PCL/graphene to enhance the osteoinductive mechanism.
Materials and Methods The PCL/graphene scaffold was developed utilizing a particulate-leaching process and cultured with osteoblast-like cells MG63 at 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 wt% of graphene. We evaluated the porosity, pore size, migratory cells, and cell attachment of the scaffold.
Statistical Analysis Data was expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean and statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc at a level of p-value < 0.05.
Results Porosity of scaffold with various percentage of graphene was nonsignificant (p > 0.05). There were differences in the acceleration of cell migration following wound closure between groups at 24 hours (p < 0.01) and 48 hours (p < 0.00). Adding the graphene on the scaffolds enhanced migration of osteoblast cells culture and possibility to attach. Graphene on 2.5 wt% exhibited good characteristics over other concentrations.
Conclusion This finding suggests that PCL/graphene composites may have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
Temporally ultralong biphotons with a linewidth of 50 kHz
Authors: Wang Yu-Sheng , Li Kai-Bo , Chang Chao-Feng , Lin Tan-Wen , Li Jian-Qing , Hsiao Shih-Si , Chen Jia-Mou , Lai Yi-Hua , Chen Ying-Cheng , Chen Yong-Fan , Chuu Chih-Sung , Yu Ite A. 
Published: November 2022

We report the generation of biphotons, with a temporal full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of 13.4 ± 0.3 µs and a spectral FWHM of 50 ± 1 kHz, via the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing with laser-cooled atoms. The temporal width is the longest, and the spectral linewidth is the narrowest to date. This is also the first biphoton result that obtains a linewidth below 100 kHz, reaching a new milestone. The very long biphoton wave packet has a signal-to-background ratio of 3.4, which violates the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality for classical light by 4.8 folds. Furthermore, we demonstrated a highly tunable-linewidth biphoton source and showed that while the biphoton source’s temporal and spectral width were controllably varied by about 24 folds, its generation rate only changed by less than 15%. A spectral brightness or generation rate per pump power per linewidth of 1.2× 106 pairs/(s mW MHz) was achieved at the temporal width of 13.4 µs. The above results were made possible by the low decoherence rate and high optical depth of the experimental system, as well as a novel scheme of classical fields’ and biphotons’ propagation directions in the experiment. This work has demonstrated a high-efficiency ultranarrow-linewidth biphoton source and has made substantial advancements in quantum technology utilizing heralded single photons.
Study on anisotropic effect correction term of Virial–Peng–Long equation of state
Authors: Peng Yue , Long Xinping 
Published: November 2022

In order to correct the calculation deviation of the VPL (Virial–Peng–Long) equation of state (EOS) of gaseous detonation products, based on the L-J (Lennard-Jones) 6-12 spherical molecular potential, the change in the pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) relationship of polyatomic molecular gas at high temperature and high pressure due to the anisotropic effect of the molecular structure is calculated, further improving the accuracy of the VPL EOS in describing the PVT relationship of high temperature and high pressure gas. In this paper, on the basis of the original VPL EOS, the anisotropic effect correction term, whose form is similar to the virial terms, is introduced. Taking the PVT data of CH4 (P = 0.02–187.3 GPa and T = 752–4369 K) as the reference value, the multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the coefficients of the correction term, and the VPLR (Virial–Peng–Long-Refined) EOS is established. In order to further analyze and evaluate the improvement in the accuracy of the VPLR EOS, the PVT relationship of O2 (P = 0.01–111.5 GPa and T = 573–4066 K), CO2 (P = 0.42–111.1 GPa, T = 578–5060 K), and CO (P = 0.1–130.2 GPa, T = 591–4286 K) in a wide high temperature and high pressure region was calculated and compared with the calculated values of the original VPL EOS, Virial–Han–Long EOS, and Virial–Wu EOS. The results show that the global accuracy of the VPLR EOS has been significantly improved compared with the other three virial EOSs and that the relative deviation between the calculation results and the reference values can converge in a smaller range at most pressures and temperatures.
Ultraviolet photoelectrochemical photodetector based on GaN/Cu2O core–shell nanowire p–n heterojunctions
Authors: Luo Mingrui , Song Jiaxun , Wang Jialin , Pan Xingchen , Hong Hao , Nötzel Richard 
Published: November 2022

An efficient, self-powered ultraviolet photoelectrochemical photodetector based on n-GaN/p-Cu2O core–shell nanowire p–n heterojunctions is demonstrated. The photocurrent under solar light is 2–3 times larger than that for GaN nanowires. The photocurrents under the solar light and the ultraviolet light fraction are comparable, 100 µA/cm2 photocurrent density. The photocurrent under the broad visible light part is about 3% of that under solar light. The responsivity and specific detectivity reach 961.5 µA/W and 5.35 × 109 Jones under ultraviolet light, respectively. The rise/fall times are 42/65 ms. This is understood by efficient photocarrier separation, hole collection, and transport in the near-surface GaN/Cu2O p–n heterojunction.
“Ni paisana, ni Jacinta”: Language and the Scaling of Indigenous Femininity in Peru
Authors: Narayanan Sandhya Krittika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Peru, Andean indigeneity is often discursively gendered as female. Such a connection between indigeneity and femaleness is invoked in a range of discourses that marginalize the status of Indigenous individuals, and different forms of Indigenous heritage in the country. Yet does this imply that all variations of Indigenous femininity are evaluated and ideologized the same way? This article complicates the semiotic logics and frameworks by which Indigenous female figures have been evaluated and analyzed across different historical moments and ethnographic contexts in Peru. I use the concept of “scale” (Blommaert 2007; Gal and Irvine 2019) to highlight the conflicting and competing ideologized stances and modes of evaluation that compare Indigenous identities, female bodies, and linguistic practices in relation to each other. Through this analysis, I will show that the evaluation of Indigenous female identities is enmeshed in a matrix of competing ideologized scalar regimes, highlighting the need to think about the construction and evaluation of racial and gendered types as shifting across multiple semiotic fields and different ideologized paradigms of evaluation.
Independent Declarations: Attributions of Peoplehood in News Narratives
Authors: Schram Ryan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThroughout the colonial and postcolonial history of Bougainville (North Solomons Province from 1975 to 2005, Autonomous Region of Bougainville thereafter) people have asserted their sovereignty against the Papua New Guinea (PNG) state in many different ways, from demands for land rights to unilateral declarations of independence. In the 1970s and 1980s, Arawa Bulletin, a community-owned nonprofit magazine, bore accidental witness to many of these struggles for recognition, including a clan’s dispute over public use of its land in 1987 and the outbreak of a secessionist war in 1989. News narratives from this period apply a strategy for attribution of people’s political claims in which provincial government officials are delegated a role as co-narrators of events. In the provincial officials’ narratives, popular sovereignty has two faces—primordial and civil—which only local government can harmonize. The elite model promotes institutional reform but erases alternative modes of political consciousness.