bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression pattern of myopic maculopathy according to the severity of diffuse chorioretinal atrophy and choroidal thickness
Authors: Park Un Chul , Lee Eun Kyoung , Yoon Chang Ki , Oh Baek-Lok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the progression pattern of diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (DCA) according to its severity. Highly myopic eyes with DCA were graded according to its extent in the 532-nm (green) and 633-nm (red) wavelengths images of the Optos ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope at baseline: grade 1 and 2 were defined when increased reflectance at peripapillary region, not beyond the fovea, were observed in red laser image only and in both laser images, respectively; grade 3 and 4 were defined when increased reflectance beyond the fovea were observed in red laser image only and in both laser images, respectively. A total of 307 eyes (221 patients) were included, and progression of myopic maculopathy during follow-up of ≥ 3 years was evaluated. The mean visual acuity and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) differed among DCA grades (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001); a higher DCA grade had worse visual acuity and thinner choroid. During follow-up, development of patchy atrophy (PA) was observed in 3.2%, 5.5%, 12.8%, and 23.2% (P < 0.001), while changes in lacquer crack (LC) and/or development of myopic macular neovascularization were observed in 20.6%, 29.1%, 33.3%, and 15.8% (P = 0.061) of 63, 110, 39, and 95 eyes with DCA grade of 1, 2, 3, and 4 at baseline, respectively. New LC formation tended to occur in eyes with thicker CT at baseline compared to PA development and progression of pre-existing LC. In highly myopic eyes with DCA, progression pattern of myopic maculopathy is different according to its severity and CT at baseline. Grading based on separated wavelength images of ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope is useful to evaluate the severity and prognosis of DCA in Asian patients with high myopia.
Electrocochleography and cognition are important predictors of speech perception outcomes in noise for cochlear implant recipients
Authors: Walia Amit , Shew Matthew A. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Wick Cameron C. , Durakovic Nedim , Lefler Shannon M. , Ortmann Amanda J. , Herzog Jacques A. , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough significant progress has been made in understanding outcomes following cochlear implantation, predicting performance remains a challenge. Duration of hearing loss, age at implantation, and electrode positioning within the cochlea together explain ~ 25% of the variability in speech-perception scores in quiet using the cochlear implant (CI). Electrocochleography (ECochG) responses, prior to implantation, account for 47% of the variance in the same speech-perception measures. No study to date has explored CI performance in noise, a more realistic measure of natural listening. This study aimed to (1) validate ECochG total response (ECochG-TR) as a predictor of performance in quiet and (2) evaluate whether ECochG-TR explained variability in noise performance. Thirty-five adult CI recipients were enrolled with outcomes assessed at 3-months post-implantation. The results confirm previous studies showing a strong correlation of ECochG-TR with speech-perception in quiet (r = 0.77). ECochG-TR independently explained 34% of the variability in noise performance. Multivariate modeling using ECochG-TR and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores explained 60% of the variability in speech-perception in noise. Thus, ECochG-TR, a measure of the cochlear substrate prior to implantation, is necessary but not sufficient for explaining performance in noise. Rather, a cognitive measure is also needed to improve prediction of noise performance.
Radiation damage allows identification of truly inherited zircon
Authors: Bjerga Anders , Stubseid Håvard Hallås , Pedersen Leif-Erik Rydland , Pedersen Rolf Birger 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany studies have reported U-Pb dates of zircon that are older than the igneous rocks that contain them, and they are therefore thought to be inherited from older rock complexes. Their presence has profound geodynamic implications and has been used to hypothesize about concealed micro-continents, continental crust beneath ocean islands, and recycling of continental material in the mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges. Here, we combine single zircon U-Pb dates and structural radiation damage determined by Raman spectroscopy from a Pliocene mid-ocean ridge gabbro and from Cenozoic igneous rocks to test whether radiation damage allows distinction between contamination and truly inherited zircon. We find that Precambrian zircon found in the Pliocene sample has accumulated substantially more radiation damage than could be explained if they had truly been inherited. In the Cenozoic samples, however, we find that the radiation damage of old grains corresponds with that of young magmatic zircon, suggesting they are genuinely inherited.
AHRNN: Attention‐Based Hybrid Robust Neural Network for emotion recognition
Authors: Xu Ke , Liu Bin , Tao Jianhua , Lv Zhao , Fan Cunhang , Song Leichao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to solve the problem that the existing methods cannot effectively capture the semantic emotion of the sentence when faced with the lack of cross‐language corpus, it is difficult to effectively perform cross‐language sentiment analysis, we propose a neural network architecture called the Attention‐Based Hybrid Robust Neural Network. The proposed architecture includes pre‐trained word embedding with fine‐tuning training to obtain prior semantic information, two sub‐networks and attention mechanism to capture the global semantic emotional information in the text, and a fully connected layer and softmax function to jointly perform final emotional classification. The Convolutional Neural Networks sub‐network captures the local semantic emotional information of the text, the BiLSTM sub‐network captures the contextual semantic emotional information of the text, and the attention mechanism dynamically integrates the semantic emotional information to obtain key emotional information. We conduct experiments on Chinese (International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing) and English (SST) datasets. The experiment is divided into three subtasks to evaluate the superiority of our method. It improves the recognition accuracy of single sentence positive/negative classification from 79% to 86% in the single‐language emotion recognition task. The recognition performance of fine‐grained emotional tags is also improved by 9.6%. The recognition accuracy of cross‐language emotion recognition tasks has also been improved by 1.5%. Even in the face of faulty data, the performance of our model is not significantly reduced when the error rate is less than 20%. These experimental results prove the superiority of our method.
Dynamic modelling of ice‐based thermal energy storage for cooling applications
Authors: Bastida Hector , Ugalde‐Loo Carlos E. , Abeysekera Muditha , Jenkins Nick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of accurate dynamic models of thermal energy storage (TES) units is important for their effective operation within cooling systems. This paper presents a one‐dimensional discretised dynamic model of an ice‐based TES tank. Simplicity and portability are key attributes of the presented model as they enable its implementation in any programing language which would, in turn, facilitate the simulation and analysis of complex cooling systems. The model considers three main components: energy balance, definition of the specific heat curve, and calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient. An advantage of the model is that it can be adapted to other types of TES units employing phase change materials. The modelling approach assumes equal flow and temperature distribution in the tank and considers two internal tubes only to represent the whole tank—significantly reducing the number of equations required and thus the computation time. Thermophysical properties of water during the phase change and of the heat transfer fluid are captured. The ice‐based TES tank model has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. A good agreement between simulation results and experimental data available in the literature has been achieved—providing confidence in the validity of the mathematical model.
The molecular gas resolved by ALMA in the low-metallicity merging dwarf galaxy Haro 11
Authors: Gao Yulong , Gu Qiusheng , Shi Yong , Zhou Luwenjia , Bao Min , Yu Xiaoling , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Wang Tao , Madden Suzanne C. , Hayes Matthew , Lu Shiying , Xu Ke 
Published: February 2022

Context.The physical mechanisms driving starbursts and quenching in less massive (M* ≤ 1010 M⊙) galaxies are unclear. The merger is one of the inescapable processes referred to as both starburst and quenching in massive galaxies. However, the effects of the merger on star formation in dwarf galaxies and their evolution are still uncertain.Aims.We aim to explore how star formation in dwarf galaxies is both triggered and quenched by studying metal-poor gas-rich dwarf mergers based on multi-band observations at a spatial resolution of ∼460 pc.Methods.We use archival data of Atacama Large Millimetre Array (Band 3 and 8) and Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer to map CO(J = 1–0), [CI](3P1–3P0), and Hαemission in one of the most extreme merging starburst dwarf galaxies, Haro 11.Results.We find the molecular gas is assembled around the central two star-forming regions (knots B and C). The molecular and ionized gas and stellar components show complex kinematics, indicating that the gas is probably at a combined stage of collision of clouds and feedback from star formation. The peak location and distribution of [CI](1–0) closely coincide with the CO(1–0) emission, meaning that it might trace the same molecular gas as CO in such a dwarf merger starburst galaxy. The enhancement of line ratios (∼0.5) of [CI]/CO around knot C is probably generated by the dissociation of CO molecules by cosmic rays and far-ultraviolet photons. Globally, Haro 11 and its star-forming regions share similar star formation efficiency (SFE) to the high-zstarburst galaxies or the clumps in nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies.Conclusions.Given the high SFE, the high specific star formation rate, small stellar mass, low metallicity, and deficient HI gas, Haro 11 could be an analog of a high-zdwarf starburst and the potential progenitor of the nearby less massive elliptical galaxies. The significantly smaller turbulent pressure and viral parameter is probably triggering the intense starbursts. We predict that Haro 11 will quench atM* ≤ 8.5  ×  109 M⊙.
Methodology for estimating the magnetic Prandtl number and application to solar surface small-scale dynamo simulations
Authors: Riva F. , Steiner O. 
Published: February 2022

Context. A crucial step in the numerical investigation of small-scale dynamos in the solar atmosphere consists of an accurate determination of the magnetic Prandtl number, Prm, stemming from radiative magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.
Aims. The aims are to provide a reliable methodology for estimating the effective Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers, Re and Rem, and their ratio Prm = Rem/Re (the magnetic Prandlt number), that characterise MHD simulations and to categorise small-scale dynamo simulations in terms of these dimensionless parameters.
Methods. The methodology proposed for computing Re and Rem is based on the method of projection on proper elements and it relies on a post-processing step carried out using higher order accurate numerical operators than the ones in the simulation code. A number of radiative MHD simulations with different effective viscosities and plasma resistivities were carried out with the CO5BOLD code, and the resulting growth rate of the magnetic energy and saturated magnetic field strengths were characterised in terms of Re and Rem.
Results. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a solid estimate of the dissipation coefficients affecting the momentum and induction equations of MHD simulation codes, and consequently also a reliable evaluation of the magnetic Prandtl number characterising the numerical results. Additionally, it is found that small-scale dynamos are active and can amplify a small seed magnetic field up to significant values in CO5BOLD simulations with a grid spacing smaller than h = 12 km, even at Prm ≃ 0.65. However, it is also evident that it is difficult to categorise dynamo simulations in terms of Prm alone, because it is not only important to estimate the amplitude of the dissipation coefficients, but also at which scales energy dissipation takes place.
The first ground-level enhancement of solar cycle 25 on 28 October 2021
Authors: Papaioannou A. , Kouloumvakos A. , Mishev A. , Vainio R. , Usoskin I. , Herbst K. , Rouillard A. P. , Anastasiadis A. , Gieseler J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. , Kühl P. 
Published: February 2022

Aims. The first relativistic solar proton event of solar cycle 25 was detected on 28 October 2021 by neutron monitors (NMs) on the ground and particle detectors on board spacecraft in near-Earth space. This is the first ground-level enhancement (GLE) of the current cycle. A detailed reconstruction of the NM response together with the identification of the solar eruption that generated these particles is investigated based on in situ and remote-sensing measurements.
Methods. In situ proton observations from a few MeV to ∼500 MeV were combined with the detection of a solar flare in soft X-rays, a coronal mass ejection, radio bursts, and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations to identify the solar origin of the GLE. Timing analysis was performed, and a relation to the solar sources was outlined.
Results. GLE73 reached a maximum particle rigidity of ∼2.4 GV and is associated with type III, type II, and type IV radio bursts and an EUV wave. A diversity of time profiles recorded by NMs was observed. This points to the event having an anisotropic nature. The peak flux at E > 10 MeV was only ∼30 pfu and remained at this level for several days. The release time of ≥1 GV particles was found to be ∼15:40 UT. GLE73 had a moderately hard rigidity spectrum at very high energies (γ ∼ 5.5). Comparison of GLE73 to previous GLEs with similar solar drivers is performed.
Neuraltherapie im Sport
Authors: Wander Rainer 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der lokalen Segmenttherapie werden schmerzhafte oder verletzte Strukturen im spinalen Segment mit einem Lokalanästhetikum, vorzugsweise Procain, therapiert. Können die Beschwerden so nicht gelindert werden, muss man an eine aus der Ferne agierende Irritation aus einem Störfeld denken, denn alle Erkrankungen werden im segmental-reflektorischen Komplex verschaltet. Ist ein Segment gereizt, werden alle anderen ebenfalls in einen Reizzustand versetzt. Die Ausbreitungswege der Störfelder sind heute bekannt und mittels Manualtherapie korrigierbar. Sehr häufig gehen die Reize von Nasennebenhöhlen, Zähnen und Tonsillen aus, im Beckenbereich von der Prostata oder den weiblichen Unterleibsorganen. Die Störfelder aus Kopf oder Becken initiieren dann jeweils eine auf- oder absteigende Kettenreaktion. Unbehandelt kann dies in einem Störfeldcharakter resultieren. Besonders bei Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats handelt es sich nicht um die primären Erkrankungen, sondern um die Folge von Störfeldern.
Sport und Omega-3-Fettsäuren
Authors: Schmiedel Volker 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungOmega-3-Fettsäuren sind mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren mit der ersten Doppelbindung an der dritten Bindung vom Omega-Ende aus.Omega-3-Fettsäuren (in der Folge mit Omega-3 abgekürzt) haben vielfältige Effekte auf unsere Gesundheit. Stand 6.12.2021 findet man bei PubMed allein für 2021 über 100 systematische Reviews zu Omega-3-Fettsäuren zu unterschiedlichsten Themen wie entzündliche Darmerkrankungen 1, Depression und Angst 2, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen (hier nur Effekte bei höheren Dosen) 3, Multiple Sklerose 4 u. v. m., die praktisch alle positive Effekte von Omega-3 ergeben haben.
Histopathologische Analyse des Tendinosegrades nach Transplantatversagen vorderer Kreuzbandplastiken
Authors: Weinert Katja , Holzhausen Hans-Jürgen , Bartels Thomas , Spahn Gunter , Hofmann Gunter O. 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die nach der Transplantation ablaufenden Umbauprozesse im Sehnengewebe einer vorderen Kreuzbandplastik beeinflussen die biomechanischen Eigenschaften des operierten Knies
unmittelbar. Die histopathologischen Veränderungen im insuffizienten Kreuzbandtransplantat sind wenig erforscht.
Zielsetzung Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stand die Untersuchung von insuffizienten vorderen Kreuzbandplastiken auf das Vorliegen und Ausmaß von Texturstörungen im Sinne einer Tendinose
(low-grade bzw. high-grade). Diese wurden im Kontext zur Transplantatart, zu dem subjektiven Beschwerde- und arthroskopischen Erscheinungsbild, dem Traumamechanismus sowie dem zeitlichen
Verlauf des Transplantatversagens betrachtet.
Material und Methoden Bei der Revisionsoperation entnommene, insuffiziente vordere Kreuzbandplastiken von 30 Patient*innen wurden histopathologisch hinsichtlich des Vorliegens von
Texturstörungen untersucht. Die Einteilung der Tendinose in low-grade bzw. high-grade erfolgte anhand von 5 qualitativen Kriterien semiquantitativ. Zur Erhebung patientenspezifischer Daten
fand ein standardisierter Fragebogen und zur Evaluation des Transplantates intraoperativ der Marburger Arthroskopiescore Verwendung.
Ergebnis Alle untersuchten insuffizienten Kreuzbandtransplantate waren histologisch vital und wiesen bis auf zwei Ausnahmen Strukturstörungen entsprechend einer Tendinose,
überwiegend high-grade, auf. Ein direkter Zusammenhang von Tendinosegrad zur gewählten Transplantatart, dem Beschwerdebild (bis auf Instabilität) und dem zeitlichen Verlauf des
Transplantatversagens, dem Traumamechanismus oder dem arthroskopischen Erscheinungsbild der insuffizienten Plastik war anhand der untersuchten Kohorte nicht zu beweisen. Es fiel eine Häufung
der high-grade Tendinose in Hamstringtransplantaten, bei Patient*innen mit Kniebeschwerden in Form einer Instabilität und zwischen 1 bis 5 Jahre postoperativ auf.
Zusammenfassung Im Sehnengewebe insuffizienter Kreuzbandplastiken waren bei Vorliegen vitaler Zellstrukturen Texturstörungen von unterschiedlicher gradueller Ausprägung im Sinne
einer low- bzw. high-grade Tendinose feststellbar. Dies lässt eine repetitive Mikrotraumatisierung des Transplantates vermuten. Der konkrete Einfluss einer Tendinose auf das Auftreten einer
Transplantatinsuffizienz bleibt noch unklar.
Thrombophilia, Thrombosis and Thromboprophylaxis in Pregnancy: For What and in Whom?
Authors: Middeldorp Saskia , Naue Christiane , Köhler Christina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCompared with nonpregnant women, pregnancy carries a four- to fivefold higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite increasing use of heparin prophylaxis in identified high-risk patients, pulmonary embolism still is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the western world. However, evidence on optimal use of thromboprophylaxis is scarce. Thrombophilia, the hereditary or acquired tendency to develop VTE, is also thought to be associated with complications in pregnancy, such as recurrent miscarriage and preeclampsia. In this review, the current evidence on optimal thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy is discussed, focusing primarily on VTE prevention strategies but also discussing the potential to prevent recurrent pregnancy complications with heparin in pregnant women with thrombophilia.
Psychopathologie und Theorie von
Wahrnehmungsstörungen
Authors: Kramer Marco , Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie aktuellen Klassifikationssysteme zur Einordung psychiatrischer
Störungsbilder gehen primär von einer kategorialen Typologie aus
und beschreiben diese als distinkte nosologische Entitäten. Eine eher
dimensionale Betrachtungsweise erlaubt hingegen die Beschreibung eines
graduierten Übergangs zwischen Pathologien wie auch zwischen
Normalität und Pathologie von psychischen Phänomenen und
Symptomen . Am Beispiel der akustischen Halluzinationen als häufigste
Form der Wahrnehmungsstörungen werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit
psychiatrisch-psychopathologische und theoretische Standpunkte für das
Für und Wider einer dimensionalen Einordnung psychischer Symptomatik
skizziert. Trotz der bestehenden und kontrovers diskutierenden Zweifel an der
Gleichartigkeit von realen Wahrnehmungen und akustischen Halluzinationen
zugrundeliegenden mentalen Ereignisse, finden sich viele Hinweise für
ein Kontinuum halluzinatorischer Symptome in der psychisch gesunden
Bevölkerung bis hin zu schizophrenen Patienten. Studien, welche die
neurophysiologischen Mechanismen akustischer Halluzinationen auch bei gesunden
Probanden mit Stimmenhören im Vergleich zu schizophrenen Patienten
untersuchen, könnten zur weiteren Differenzierung beitragen.
The Impact on Dental Staining Caused by Beverages in Combination with Chlorhexidine Digluconate
Authors: Sarembe Sandra , Kiesow Andreas , Pratten Jonathan , Webster Corinne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives There are several hypotheses regarding how chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate causes staining with the role of beverages, specifically the precipitation of anionic dietary chromogens onto adsorbed cations, the most probable cause. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the staining potential of common beverages using an in vitro staining and brushing model to better understand the interactions between chromogens from different beverage categories and the teeth.
Materials and Methods Human enamel samples were exposed to a cyclic treatment of artificial saliva and 0.2% CHX mouthwash combined with a range of beverages, with and without brushing, simulating a period equivalent to 2 weeks. Eleven beverages were tested: diet coke, diet lemonade, white wine, red wine, lager beer, black tea, coffee, black tea with milk, coffee with milk, ginger and lemon infusion, and water. Toothbrushing was performed in a brushing simulator with toothpaste and also with water. Colorimetric differences were determined by ΔE using a VITA Easyshade dental spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test and Levene's test.
Results Black tea and red wine produced highest staining, which agrees with the literature. Significant staining was also observed for a ginger and lemon infusion, coffee, coffee with milk, tea with milk, and lager beer compared with water (p < 0.05). The staining potential of diet coke in combination with brushing appeared to be connected to its low pH. Both white wine and diet lemonade produced stain comparable to the water control. After treatment with high staining beverages, scanning electron microscope evaluation confirmed the formation of a surface layer. The mechanical resistance of the stain differed depending on the beverage, black tea stain was the most resistant. The addition of milk to tea and coffee considerably modified the stain layer and the adhesion to the tooth surface.
Conclusion The data may help demonstrate that appropriate user guidance can avoid stain and in turn help improve user compliance during short-term use of this gold standard antimicrobial treatment.