bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new 12C + 12C nuclear reaction rate: Impact on stellar evolution
Authors: Monpribat E. , Martinet S. , Courtin S. , Heine M. , Ekström S. , Jenkins D. G. , Choplin A. , Adsley P. , Curien D. , Moukaddam M. , Nippert J. , Tsiatsiou S. , Meynet G. 
Published: January 2022

Context. By changing the internal composition of stars, nuclear reactions play a key role in their evolution and spur their contribution to the chemical evolution of galaxies. The STELLA collaboration recently carried out new direct measurements of the 12C + 12C fusion cross section – one of the key reactions occurring in C-burning regions in massive stars. Using a coincidence technique, accurate measurements were obtained for many different energies, with the lowest energy explored according to the Gamow window for massive stars.
Aims. This work presents new 12C + 12C reaction rates in the form of numerical tables with associated uncertainty estimations, as well as analytical formulae that can be directly implemented into stellar evolution codes. We also describe the impact of these new rates on C-burning in stars.
Methods. We determined reaction rates for two cross section extrapolation models: one based on the fusion-hindrance phenomenon and the other on fusion-hindrance plus a resonance. We then compared our results to prior data. Using the GENEC stellar evolution code, we study how these new rates impact the C-burning phases in two sets of stellar models for stars with 12 M⊙ and 25 M⊙ initial masses, which were chosen to be highly representative of the diversity of massive stars.
Results. The effective temperatures of C-burning in both sets of stellar models are entirely covered by the sensitivity of the present experimental data and no extrapolation of the rates is required. Although the rates may differ by more than an order of magnitude for temperatures typical of C-burning, the impacts on the stellar structures during that phase remain modest. This is a consequence of the readjustment of the stellar structure to a change of nuclear reaction rate for reactions that are shown to be important for energy production. For the hindrance case, the C-burning phase is found to occur at central temperatures that are 10% higher than with the hindrance plus resonance rate. Its C-burning lifetime is reduced by a factor of two. This model, nevertheless, loses more entropy than the other one; thus, it enters into the degeneracy regime earlier, which will impact the last stages of the evolution at the pre-core collapse time. The hindrance model produces up to 60% more neon. The impact of the different rates on the s-process occurring during the C-burning phase is modest, affecting the final abundances of s-processed elements by at most 20% (cobalt).
Incidência de lesões da rampa meniscal nas reconstruções do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Abreu Felipe Galvão , Canuto Sérgio Marinho de Gusmão , Canuto Maira Macedo de Gusmão , Chagas Eduardo Federighi , Zutin Tereza Lais Menegucci , Pádua Vitor Barion Castro de 
Published: January 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a incidência e o perfil epidemiológico das lesões da rampa meniscal nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), e determinar os fatores de risco relacionados.
Métodos Foram analisados retrospectivamente 824 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. Os pacientes que apresentaram instabilidade meniscal medial foram submetidos a avaliação do compartimento posteromedial do joelho. Em caso de lesão, o reparo cirúrgico foi realizado. Potenciais fatores de risco associados às lesões foram analisados.
Resultados A incidência geral de lesões da rampa na população estudada foi de 10,6% (87 lesões em 824 pacientes). A análise multivariada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado demonstrou que a presença de lesões da rampa meniscal foi significativamente associada aos seguintes fatores de risco: lateralidade direita e lesões crônicas. Sexo, idade e atividade esportiva não foram estatisticamente significantes. O futebol foi a causa mais frequente de lesões da rampa relacionadas ao esporte, com 78,2% dos casos. No entanto, não se mostrou ser um fator de risco. De 2014 a 2019, a incidência anual variou de 4,0% a 20,6%.
Conclusão A incidência das lesões da rampa meniscal foi de 10,6% nas cirurgias de reconstrução do LCA, sendo mais frequente em pacientes com lesões crônicas. A incidência anual foi crescente, e variou de 4,0%, em 2014, a 20,6%, em 2019.
Non-PCOS Hyperandrogenic Disorders in Adolescents
Authors: Esquivel-Zuniga M. Rebeca , Kirschner Cassandra K. , McCartney Christopher R. , Burt Solorzano Christine M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHyperandrogenism—clinical features resulting from increased androgen production and/or action—is not uncommon in peripubertal girls. Hyperandrogenism affects 3 to 20% of adolescent girls and often is associated with hyperandrogenemia. In prepubertal girls, the most common etiologies of androgen excess are premature adrenarche (60%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; 4%). In pubertal girls, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; 20–40%) and CAH (14%) are the most common diagnoses related to androgen excess. Androgen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors are rare (0.2%). Early pubic hair, acne, and/or hirsutism are the most common clinical manifestations, but signs of overt virilization in adolescent girls—rapid progression of pubic hair or hirsutism, clitoromegaly, voice deepening, severe cystic acne, growth acceleration, increased muscle mass, and bone age advancement past height age—should prompt detailed evaluation. This article addresses the clinical manifestations of and management considerations for non-PCOS-related hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls. We propose an algorithm to aid diagnostic evaluation of androgen excess in this specific patient population.
A compensatory link between cleavage/polyadenylation and mRNA turnover regulates steady-state mRNA levels in yeast
Authors: Moqtaderi Zarmik , Geisberg Joseph V. , Struhl Kevin 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Cells coordinate the rates of major biological processes in response to environmental conditions such as nutrient availability and temperature. Coordination mechanisms in which effects on one process are compensated for by effects on another process maintain an appropriate cellular balance. Here, we uncover a compensatory link between cleavage/polyadenylation, which generates poly(A) tails at mRNA 3′ ends, and mRNA decay. This compensatory link suggests that during cleavage/polyadenylation in the nucleus, mRNA isoforms are marked in a manner that persists upon translocation to the cytoplasm. This mark affects the activity of mRNA degradation machinery, thus influencing mRNA stability and allowing cells to maintain relatively similar levels of mRNA isoforms even when cleavage/polyadenylation rates change in response to environmental conditions.
Modeling damage to the solid electrolyte matrix in composite electrodes: role of ionic conductivity
Authors: Shang Shuaipeng , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Fenghui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Solid composite electrodes play a critical role in all-solid-sate-batteries, but intercalation-induced expansion of the active materials will cause damage in the matrix and affect the performance of battery. In this work, damage evolution in the solid electrolyte (SE) matrix related to migration of ions/electrons in SE matrix, transport of species in electrode particles, local current densities at the SE/active materials interface, and mechanical deformation of the structure is investigated based on the non-local damage approach. The influence of mechanical damage on the electrochemical performance is modeled by coupling the damage variable and ionic conductivity of the SE. The results indicate that for low ionic conductivity, the damage of the SE matrix is inhomogeneous across the composite electrodes, while for high ionic conductivity, the damage of the SE matrix is uniform. We also investigate the effect of damage on the electrochemical performance of battery and it is shown that capacity loss is significant for low ionic conductivity, but shows little variation under high ionic conductivity.
Exploring the biotoxicity of carbon boride nanosheets (BC3) based on the villin headpiece protein model
Authors: Jia Xiao , Liu Yang , Yang Yanmei , Zhang Chao , Qu Yuanyuan , Li Yong-Qiang , Liu Xiangdong , Li Weifeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The recently synthesized single-layer carbon boride (BC3), has been explored for biomedical applications. However, the interaction between BC3 and biomolecules needs to be further explored to evaluate its potential toxicity to biological systems. Here, using the villin headpiece (HP35) as a representative protein model, the binding behavior of proteins to BC3 and the structure evolution of proteins were studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Our data revealed that HP35 can quickly load and form stable binding to BC3 surface. The BC3 caused moderate destruction of the HP35 by destroying its native hydrogen bonds and unwinding its helices. The BC3/HP35 interaction strength is linearly correlated with the contact number between BC3 and HP35. HP35 forms binds to BC3 mainly through van der Waals interactions and π-π stacking. Compared to graphene, the polarized nature of BC3 can slightly strengthen the binding between BC3 and HP35. BC3 still faces the problem of potential cytotoxicity to biological system. These findings shed light on the biological effects of BC3 at the molecular level and guide the future application of BC3-based devices in biomedicine.
Surface structure of magnetite (111) under oxidizing and reducing conditions
Authors: Creutzburg Marcus , Sellschopp Kai , Gleißner Robert , Arndt Björn , Vonbun-Feldbauer Gregor B , Vonk Vedran , Noei Heshmat , Stierle Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report on differences in the magnetite (111) surface structure when prepared under oxidizing and reducing conditions. Both preparations were done under UHV conditions at elevated temperatures, but in one case the sample was cooled down while keeping it in an oxygen atmosphere. Scanning tunneling microscopy after each of the preparations showed a different apparent morphology, which is discussed to be an electronic effect and which is reflected in the necessity of using opposite bias tunneling voltages in order to obtain good images. Surface x-ray diffraction revealed that both preparations lead to Fe vacancies, leading to local O-terminations, the relative fraction of which depending on the preparation. The preparation under reducing conditions lead to a larger fraction of Fe-termination. The geometric structure of the two different terminations was found to be identical for both treatments, even though the surface and near-surface regions exhibit small compositional differences; after the oxidizing treatment they are iron deficient. Further evidence for the dependence of iron vs oxygen fractional surface terminations on preparation conditions comes from Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, which is used to study the adsorption of formic acid. These molecules dissociate and adsorb in chelating and bidentate bridging geometries on the Fe-terminated areas and the signal of typical infrared absorption bands is stronger after the preparation under reducing conditions, which results in a higher fraction of Fe-termination. The adsorption of formic acid induced an atomic roughening of the magnetite (111) surface which we conclude from the quantitative analysis of the crystal truncation rod data. The roughening process is initiated by atomic hydrogen, which results from the dissociation of formic acid after its adsorption on the surface. Atomic hydrogen adsorbs at surface oxygen and after recombination with another H this surface hydroxyl can form H2O, which may desorb from the surface, while iron ions diffuse into interstitial sites in the bulk.
Single-wall carbon nanotube mechanical behavior using the modified embedded atom method with bond order (MEAM-BO)
Authors: Ababtin Sultana , Adibi Sara , Mun Sungkwang , Carino Ricolindo L , Dickel Doyl E , Gwaltney Steven R , Novotny M A , Baskes M I , Horstemeyer M F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report the capability of the modified embedded atom method with bond order (MEAM-BO) potential to capture single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) mechanical properties accurately by calculating the wavenumber of the radial breathing mode (RBM), elastic properties, and folding energy (ΔE), which are all associated with bond curvature. We find that the existing MEAM-BO potential gives results that correlate well with experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results with the exception of the folding energy. The MEAM-BO potential parameters are updated to produce a MEAM-BO* potential for the SWCNT system. Interestingly, including the SWCNT data base, improved the previous fit of the C-H binary system. Previous studies in the literature concluded that the CNTs diameter, d, was inversely proportional to the RBM wavenumber and folding energy. When comparing MEAM-BO*, MEAM-BO, REBO, and ReaxFF with DFT results, we found that MEAM-BO* gave the closest results to DFT for the RBM wavenumbers, folding energy, and SWCNT Young’s modulus, especially for small diameter SWCNTs. We conclude that MEAM-BO* captures SWCNT curvature effects and unsaturated hydrocarbons bond behavior.
Dislocation structure analysis in the strain gradient of torsion loading: a comparison between modelling and experiment
Authors: Stricker Markus , Ziemann Michael , Walter Mario , Weygand Sabine M , Gruber Patric , Weygand Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Complex stress states due to torsion lead to dislocation structures characteristic for the chosen torsion axis. The formation mechanism of these structures and the link to the overall plastic deformation are unclear. Experiments allow the analysis of cross sections only ex situ or are limited in spacial resolution which prohibits the identification of the substructures which form within the volume. Discrete dislocation dynamics simulations give full access to the dislocation structure and their evolution in time. By combining both approaches and comparing similar measures the dislocation structure formation in torsion loading of micro wires is explained. For the ⟨100⟩ torsion axis, slip traces spanning the entire sample in both simulation and experiment are observed. They are caused by collective motion of dislocations on adjacent slip planes. Thus these slip traces are not atomically sharp. Torsion loading around a ⟨111⟩ axis favors plasticity on the primary slip planes perpendicular to the torsion axis and dislocation storage through cross-slip and subsequent collinear junction formation. Resulting hexagonal dislocation networks patches are small angle grain boundaries. Both, experiments and discrete dislocation simulations show that dislocations cross the neutral fiber. This feature is discussed in light of the limits of continuum descriptions of plasticity.
A simple modular kit for various wave optic experiments using 3D printed cubes for education
Authors: Haverkamp Nils , Pusch Alexander , Heusler Stefan , Gregor Markus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Quantum technology is an emerging field of physics and engineering and important applications are expected in quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum cryptography, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology. Thus the need for education in this field is increasing, while still remaining challenging. While the need for basic education in quantum physics is accepted in many countries, the possibilities still are limited. Concerning fundamental topics such as the superposition principle and complementarity, on the one hand, a large variety of simulations and animations are available. However, single-photon experiments are still beyond reach for any school, due to costs and technical difficulties. A promising approach seems to be a combination of cheap, easy-to-use and modular experimental kits for school which allow for wave optical experiments, in combination with quantum optical simulations. In the present article, we focus on the modularity and accessibility of an experimental kit based on 3D-printed ‘Optic Cubes’, which allow for a large variety of experiments in high school.
Demonstration experiment in the study of Fresnel diffraction
Authors: Grebenev I V , Kazarin P V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The article describes a methodology for studying Fresnel diffraction with the active involvement of students in discussing the results of a demonstration experiment. To create a clearly visible model of Fresnel zones, a centimeter radio wave range was chosen, in which the first zone is about 10 cm in size. This makes visible the created combinations of open and closed sections of the wavefront and allows students to predict the results of demonstrations. To maintain the cognitive activity of students, the method of creating and resolving educational contradictions, problem situations is used.
Comparison of forces for the Crookes and Hettner radiometers
Authors: Williams Hollis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Crookes radiometer (also known as a light mill) is a fascinating sunlight-powered device, in which a set of vanes is placed inside a glass bulb within which a partial vacuum has been pulled. The vanes then rotate when sunlight shines on the bulb. The reason for the turning of the vanes was subject to intense debate and many students still have an incorrect understanding of the device. We analyse the forces involved in a much less well-known radiometer (called the Hettner radiometer) and show that this can help us to understand the forces involved in the Crookes radiometer in a more unified way.
Comprehensive observations on pendulum oscillation using stereo vision
Authors: Ristanto Sigit , Nugroho Waskito , Sulistya Eko , Suparta Gede B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We have developed a stereo vision system for observing real objects for experimental physics demonstration. The stereo vision observes objects from two different points of view. An observer can identify the distance and velocity of an object based on at least two different points of view. This paper demonstrates our comprehensive observation in a pendulum oscillation experiment to test the stereo vision system where a stereo camera is in a forward view position. The stereo camera produces stereo images. We use automatic object tracking techniques to obtain the 3D position of the pendulum in real space based on the sequential stereo images of the pendulum movement. The experimental results in a 3D graph that shows the trajectory of the pendulum oscillation. We confirm the common understanding of the oscillation movement by obtaining the graph of the pendulum oscillation as a function of time. We can obtain the oscillation motion parameters such as amplitude, angular frequency, frequency, period, and initial phase. Also, we can show the damping oscillation phenomena and the damping factor.
System for characterizing the electromechanical properties of REBCO coated conductors through simultaneous measurements of critical current and mechanical load
Authors: Diaz Mark Angelo , De Leon Michael , Shin Hyung-Seop , Mean Byeong-Jin , Lee Jae-Hun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Various test techniques have been established to investigate the electromechanical properties (EMPs) of coated conductor (CC) tapes under external loads. The most conventional method is to examine variations in a critical current, I
c, by repeatedly measuring the V–I curves while intermittently applying a load or deformation to the CC tape. Conventional methods for obtaining EMPs, such as the reversible limits for I
c degradation, require repeated measures of I
c in a loading–unloading scheme, and this entails considerable time and effort, therefore, they must be improved for practical and engineering reasons. We recently developed an easy-to-use system that can continuously measure variations in I
c while applying a load or deformation to the CC tape, thereby evaluating its EMPs. The main advantages of the new measurement system are real-time monitoring of I
c behaviors during loading and allowing reduced the test time. While it uses a conventional test configuration, this new system continuously measures I
c through effective feedback control of the electrical-field voltage induced in the CC tape specimen during loading. Through this feedback control system, the I
c degradation behaviors in CC tapes resulting from possible cracking in the superconducting layer during loading are depicted. The reversible limits for I
c degradation were also determined. To assess the effectiveness of this newly developed measuring system, the applicability of the method was identified by evaluating the EMPs of various commercially available CC tapes. By comparing the results with those achieved using conventional testing, we found this to effectively evaluate the EMPs of CC tapes. The results showed that this system provides a simple way of evaluating the EMPs of high-temperature superconductor CC tapes by simultaneously measuring variations in I
c under load or deformation. It is much faster at depicting I
c degradation behaviors, and it elaborately determines the reversible limits of I
c induced in the CC tape during testing.
Dark matter produced from neutrinos
Authors: Hufnagel Marco , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the presence of interactions between neutrinos and dark matter (DM), DM can potentially be produced via freeze-in from the neutrino sector. We investigate the implications of such a scenario for the evolution of both DM and neutrinos in the early Universe, and show that the future cosmic neutrino detection experiment PTOLEMY might be sensitive to neutrino signals that originate from DM annihilation in this model.
Comparison of measurement and simulation of ATLAS cavern radiation background
Authors: Heijne E. , Koi T. , Leroy C. , Oberlack H. , Pospisil S. , Sherwood P. , Shupe M. , Solc J. , Suk M. , Takai H. , Turecek D. , Vykydal Z. , Young Ch. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sixteen Medipix2 pixel detector based (MPX) devices were
operated at various positions within the ATLAS detector and cavern
continuously from early 2008 up to 2013. In addition to photons,
each MPX detector is capable to detect charged particles, and
neutrons as it is covered with a mask of converter materials
dividing its area into regions sensitive to thermal or fast
neutrons. The MPX detector network was effectively used for
real-time measurements of the spectral characteristics and
composition of complex radiation fields in ATLAS. This article
reports comparison of the results of measurements performed with MPX
detectors during the LHC operation period in 2010 and 2011 with
Monte Carlo simulations results from the FLUGG and GCALOR codes. For
the purpose of this comparison, the MPX detectors were operated in
tracking mode with low threshold (8–10 keV) allowing one to
distinguish among particle categories based on the recognition of
track patterns left by the particles in the MPX sensitive layer. The
comparison of measurements with simulations shows that the agreement
between measured and simulated data is satisfactory in most cases
within a factor of two.