bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative MHD flow of Rivlin–Ericksen nanofluid of grade three through porous medium with uniform heat source
Authors: Soliman Hussein Abd Allah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The paper investigates the analytical and numerical solution of the radiation effect on MHD flow of Rivlin–Ericksen nanofluid of grade three through a porous medium with a uniform heat source between two vertical flat plates. The governing equations are solved analytically using multi-step differential transform method (MDTM) and numerically using finite difference method (FDM) and shooting method by designing MATLAB and Mathematica algorithms. The study discovered that the MDTM, FDM, and shooting methods are effective for solving nonlinear differential equations like this one.

Results
Graphs and tables show the influence of different parameters on velocity and temperature. Figures and tables show the comparisons between current outcomes and previous results that are accessible.

Conclusions
The present results showed that the analytical and numerical solutions agree well with previously published outcomes.
Care pathways for people with major depressive disorder: A European Brain Council Value of Treatment study
Authors: Strawbridge Rebecca , McCrone Paul , Ulrichsen Andrea , Zahn Roland , Eberhard Jonas , Wasserman Danuta , Brambilla Paolo , Schiena Giandomenico , Hegerl Ulrich , Balazs Judit , Caldas de Almeida Jose , Antunes Ana , Baltzis Spyridon , Carli Vladmir , Quoidbach Vinciane , Boyer Patrice , Young Allan H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite well-established guidelines for managing major depressive disorder, its extensive disability burden persists. This Value of Treatment mission from the European Brain Council aimed to elucidate the nature and extent of “gaps” between best-practice and current-practice care, specifically to:1.Identify current treatment gaps along the care pathway and determine the extent of these gaps in comparison with the stepped-care model and2.Recommend policies intending to better meet patient needs (i.e., minimize treatment gaps).MethodsAfter agreement upon a set of relevant treatment gaps, data pertaining to each gap were gathered and synthesized from several sources across six European countries. Subsequently, a modified Delphi approach was undertaken to attain consensus among an expert panel on proposed recommendations for minimizing treatment gaps.ResultsFour recommendations were made to increase the depression diagnosis rate (from ~50% episodes), aiming to both increase the number of patients seeking help, and the likelihood of a practitioner to correctly detect depression. These should reduce time to treatment (from ~1 to ~8 years after illness onset) and increase rates of treatment; nine further recommendations aimed to increase rates of treatment (from ~25 to ~50% of patients currently treated), mainly focused on targeting the best treatment to each patient. To improve follow-up after treatment initiation (from ~30 to ~65% followed up within 3 months), seven recommendations focused on increasing continuity of care. For those not responding, 10 recommendations focused on ensuring access to more specialist care (currently at rates of ~5–25% of patients).ConclusionsThe treatment gaps in depression care are substantial and concerning, from the proportion of people not entering care pathways to those stagnating in primary care with impairing and persistent illness. A wide range of recommendations can be made to enhance care throughout the pathway.
The Multicenter Cancer of Pancreas Screening Study: Impact on Stage and Survival
Authors: Dbouk Mohamad , Katona Bryson W. , Brand Randall E. , Chak Amitabh , Syngal Sapna , Farrell James J. , Kastrinos Fay , Stoffel Elena M. , Blackford Amanda L. , Rustgi Anil K. , Dudley Beth , Lee Linda S. , Chhoda Ankit , Kwon Richard , Ginsberg Gregory G. , Klein Alison P. , Kamel Ihab , Hruban Ralph H. , He Jin , Shin Eun Ji , Lennon Anne Marie , Canto Marcia Irene , Goggins Michael 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To report pancreas surveillance outcomes of high-risk individuals within the multicenter Cancer of Pancreas Screening-5 (CAPS5) study and to update outcomes of patients enrolled in prior CAPS studies. METHODS Individuals recommended for pancreas surveillance were prospectively enrolled into one of eight CAPS5 study centers between 2014 and 2021. The primary end point was the stage distribution of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) detected (stage I v higher-stage). Overall survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Of 1,461 high-risk individuals enrolled into CAPS5, 48.5% had a pathogenic variant in a PDAC-susceptibility gene. Ten patients were diagnosed with PDAC, one of whom was diagnosed with metastatic PDAC 4 years after dropping out of surveillance. Of the remaining nine, seven (77.8%) had a stage I PDAC (by surgical pathology) detected during surveillance; one had stage II, and one had stage III disease. Seven of these nine patients with PDAC were alive after a median follow-up of 2.6 years. Eight additional patients underwent surgical resection for worrisome lesions; three had high-grade and five had low-grade dysplasia in their resected specimens. In the entire CAPS cohort (CAPS1-5 studies, 1,731 patients), 26 PDAC cases have been diagnosed, 19 within surveillance, 57.9% of whom had stage I and 5.2% had stage IV disease. By contrast, six of the seven PDACs (85.7%) detected outside surveillance were stage IV. Five-year survival to date of the patients with a screen-detected PDAC is 73.3%, and median overall survival is 9.8 years, compared with 1.5 years for patients diagnosed with PDAC outside surveillance (hazard ratio [95% CI]; 0.13 [0.03 to 0.50], P = .003). CONCLUSION Most pancreatic cancers diagnosed within the CAPS high-risk cohort in the recent years have had stage I disease with long-term survival.
The Causal Effect of Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering on Vascular Outcomes in Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Hou Tianzhichao , Li Mian , Lin Hong , Zhao Zhiyun , Lu Jieli , Wang Tiange , Xu Yu , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Ning Guang , Xu Min 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
The effect of lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients is controversial.

Objective
We used 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) to study the causal effect of decreasing SBP on the risk of macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in diabetic patients.

Methods
We used 362 SBP-related genetic variants from a large genome-wide association study (n = 299 024) and UK Biobank (n = 375 256) as exposure. We evaluated 5 macrovascular and microvascular complications up to 60 742 cases as outcomes in diabetes, including coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), nephropathy, retinopathy, and composite complications. All cases were diagnosed together with diabetes. We performed follow-up analyses by conducting 7 sensitivity analyses and comparing the present MR with results in general population, and clinical trials.

Results
Genetic predisposition of each 10-mm Hg SBP decrease was significantly associated with a 28% decreased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89; P = .002), a 34% decreased risk of nephropathy (OR: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54-0.81; P &lt; .001), and a 34% decreased risk of the composite complications (OR: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58-0.76; P &lt; .001), and was nominally associated with a decreased risk of PAD (OR: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99) and retinopathy (OR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99). The MR results in diabetes were similar with that in the general population and clinical trials.

Conclusion
SBP lowering was causally associated with an attenuated risk of diabetic CAD and nephropathy. It provides genetic evidence for the beneficial effect of lifelong SBP control in preventing diabetes-related vascular outcomes.
Role of Constitutive STAR in Mitochondrial Structure and Function in MA-10 Leydig Cells
Authors: Galano Melanie , Papadopoulos Vassilios 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR; STARD1) is critical for the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria for hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic cells express STAR under control conditions (constitutive STAR). On hormonal stimulation, STAR localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it facilitates cholesterol transport and where it is processed to its mature form. Here, we show that knockout of Star in MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells (STARKO1) causes defects in mitochondrial structure and function under basal conditions. We also show that overexpression of Star in STARKO1 cells exacerbates, rather than recovers, mitochondrial structure and function, which further disrupts the processing of STAR at the OMM. Our findings suggest that constitutive STAR is necessary for proper mitochondrial structure and function and that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defective STAR processing at the OMM.
Seven Aspects in Search of a Narrative: A Review of The West: A New History by Anthony Grafton and David Bell
Authors: Kimmage Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Michael Kimmage reviews a textbook recently published by Anthony Grafton and David Bell, The West: A New History, identifying this book as a splendidly researched and written contribution both to the history of Europe and to ongoing debates about the scope, meaning, and historiographical salience of the West. This review isolates seven features of Western history from The West's narrative and analysis: a style of learning pioneered in ancient Greece; the importance of cities; an alternating series of political forms, including monarchy, democracy, republic, and empire; a tendency toward violence; an emphasis on constitutions; an attraction to trade, commerce, and technological innovation; and a long attachment to the institution of slavery. This review concludes by exploring the relationship between the “core” and the “periphery” of the West, which is to say the place of Turkey, Russia, and the United States, within the narrative that Grafton and Bell so skillfully develop in The West.
Tolerance from Below: Unsettling the Sovereign Subject
Authors: Simpson David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay takes issue with the common assumption, ably represented by Herbert Marcuse and Wendy Brown, that tolerance belongs only to the powerful and is deployed to prevent access to political redress on the part of vulnerable groups or persons. But tolerance can also be understood as an unstable concept that does not finally support a sustainable sovereignty among those claiming a position to extend it. Engaging with the work of Wendy Brown, Rainer Forst, and others, a case is made for adding an “endurance conception” of tolerance that restores the early sense of the term as specifying a capacity to bear degrees of pain and suffering. Examples from William Wordsworth and Adam Smith, and from contemporary South Africa and the United States, suggest that such an expanded conception can lead us to imagine political agency as thinkable for persons more usually described as passive and subordinate.
Pragmatic Prediction of Excessive Length of Stay After Cervical Spine Surgery With Machine Learning and Validation on a National Scale
Authors: Valliani Aly A. , Feng Rui , Martini Michael L. , Neifert Sean N. , Kim Nora C. , Gal Jonathan S. , Oermann Eric K. , Caridi John M. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Extended postoperative hospital stays are associated with numerous clinical risks and increased economic cost. Accurate preoperative prediction of extended length of stay (LOS) can facilitate targeted interventions to mitigate clinical harm and resource utilization.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop a machine learning algorithm aimed at predicting extended LOS after cervical spine surgery on a national level and elucidate drivers of prediction.

METHODS:
Electronic medical records from a large, urban academic medical center were retrospectively examined to identify patients who underwent cervical spine fusion surgeries between 2008 and 2019 for machine learning algorithm development and in-sample validation. The National Inpatient Sample database was queried to identify cervical spine fusion surgeries between 2009 and 2017 for out-of-sample validation of algorithm performance. Gradient-boosted trees predicted LOS and efficacy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Shapley values were calculated to characterize preoperative risk factors for extended LOS and explain algorithm predictions.

RESULTS:
Gradient-boosted trees accurately predicted extended LOS across cohorts, achieving an AUROC of 0.87 (SD = 0.01) on the single-center validation set and an AUROC of 0.84 (SD = 0.00) on the nationwide National Inpatient Sample data set. Anterior approach only, elective admission status, age, and total number of Elixhauser comorbidities were important predictors that affected the likelihood of prolonged LOS.

CONCLUSION:
Machine learning algorithms accurately predict extended LOS across single-center and national patient cohorts and characterize key preoperative drivers of increased LOS after cervical spine surgery.
Cerebral Bypass Using the Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery: A Case Series
Authors: Wolfswinkel Erik M. , Ravina Kristine , Rennert Robert C. , Landau Mark , Strickland Ben A. , Chun Alice , Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Abedi Aidin , Carey Joseph N. , Russin Jonathan J. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
When performing extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) and intracranial to intracranial (IC-IC) bypass, the choice of donor vessel and interposition graft depends on several factors: vessel size and accessibility, desired blood flow augmentation, revascularization site anatomy, and pathology. The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DLCFA) is an attractive conduit for cerebrovascular bypass.

OBJECTIVE:
To present our institutional experience using DLCFA grafts for cerebral revascularization.

METHODS:
Retrospective review of perioperative data and outcomes for patients undergoing cerebrovascular bypass surgery using a DLCFA graft from 2016 to 2019.

RESULTS:
Twenty consecutive patients underwent EC-IC bypass using a DLCFA interposition graft. Bypass indications included 13 (65%) intracranial aneurysms, 4 (20%) medically refractory atherosclerotic large artery occlusions (internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery), 2 (10%) internal carotid artery dissections, and 1 (5%) patient with moyamoya disease. Most commonly, a donor superior temporal artery was bypassed to a recipient middle cerebral artery (14 of 20; 70%). Two cases demonstrated graft spasm. Graft occlusion occurred in one patient and was asymptomatic. Perioperative bypass surgery–related ischemia occurred in 3 patients: 1 patient with insufficient bypass flow, 1 patient with graft stenosis because of an adventitial band, and 1 patient with focal status epilepticus in the bypassed territory resulting in cortical ischemia. One donor site hematoma occurred. The median (range) modified Rankin scale (mRS) score on follow-up was 1.5 (1–4) at 7.8 (1–27) months, with most patients achieving good functional outcomes (mRS ≤2).

CONCLUSION:
The DLCFA is a versatile graft for cerebral revascularization surgery, demonstrating good outcomes with minimal graft harvest site morbidity and an acceptable graft patency rate.
Resection of Insular Glioma Through the Transfrontal Limiting Sulcus Approach
Authors: Sun Guo-chen , Zhao Kai , Shu Xu-jun , Liu Ruo-yu , Dong Ma-xiao , Chen Xiao-lei , Xu Bai-nan 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
The current transsylvian or transopercular approaches make access difficult because of the limited exposure of insular tumors. Hence, maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas is challenging. In this article, a new approach to resect insular gliomas is presented.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether the new transfrontal limiting sulcus approach is helpful for maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas.

METHODS:
The authors reported surgical techniques for insular gliomas resected through the transfrontal limiting sulcus approach. The authors evaluated the surgical resections of 69 insular gliomas performed through the new approach in their department. The extents of resection and postoperative neurological outcomes were analyzed to determine the value of this new approach.

RESULTS:
Based on the Berger–Sanai classification, most insular gliomas were giant tumors (59.42%), followed by zone I + IV tumors (24.64%). The median (interquartile range) extent of resection of all patients was 100% (91%, 100%). The total resection rate for all gliomas was (55 of 69, 79.7%), and the total resection rate for low-grade gliomas was (28 of 40, 70%), which was significantly lower than that for high-grade gliomas (27 of 29, 93.1%) (P = .019). All patients had muscle strength greater than grade 4 3 months after surgery. Only 1 patient had a speech disorder 3 months after surgery. The median Karnofsky Performance Status score at the time of the 3-month follow-up was 90.

CONCLUSION:
The transfrontal limiting sulcus approach can help to achieve maximal and safe removal of insular gliomas.
NMR spectroscopy, excited states and relevance to problems in cell biology – transient pre-nucleation tetramerization of huntingtin and insights into Huntington's disease
Authors: Clore G. Marius 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for analyzing three-dimensional structure and dynamics of macromolecules at atomic resolution. Recent advances have exploited the unique properties of NMR in exchanging systems to detect, characterize and visualize excited sparsely populated states of biological macromolecules and their complexes, which are only transient. These states are invisible to conventional biophysical techniques, and play a key role in many processes, including molecular recognition, protein folding, enzyme catalysis, assembly and fibril formation. All the NMR techniques make use of exchange between sparsely populated NMR-invisible and highly populated NMR-visible states to transfer a magnetization property from the invisible state to the visible one where it can be easily detected and quantified. There are three classes of NMR experiments that rely on differences in distance, chemical shift or transverse relaxation (molecular mass) between the NMR-visible and -invisible species. Here, I illustrate the application of these methods to unravel the complex mechanism of sub-millisecond pre-nucleation oligomerization of the N-terminal region of huntingtin, encoded by exon-1 of the huntingtin gene, where CAG expansion leads to Huntington's disease, a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative condition. I also discuss how inhibition of tetramerization blocks the much slower (by many orders of magnitude) process of fibril formation.
Patient-derived organoids identify an apico-basolateral polarity switch associated with survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Canet-Jourdan Charlotte , Pagès Diane-Laure , Nguyen-Vigouroux Clémence , Cartry Jérôme , Zajac Olivier , Desterke Christophe , Lopez Jean-Baptiste , Gutierrez-Mateyron Emie , Signolle Nicolas , Adam Julien , Raingeaud Joel , Polrot Mélanie , Gonin Patrick , Mathieu Jacques R. R. , Souquere Sylvie , Pierron Gerard , Gelli Maximiliano , Dartigues Peggy , Ducreux Michel , Barresi Valeria , Jaulin Fanny 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The metastatic progression of cancer remains a major issue in patient treatment. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we use primary explants and organoids from patients harboring mucinous colorectal carcinoma (MUC CRC), a poor-prognosis histological form of digestive cancer, to study the architecture, invasive behavior and chemoresistance of tumor cell intermediates. We report that these tumors maintain a robust apico-basolateral polarity as they spread in the peritumoral stroma or organotypic collagen-I gels. We identified two distinct topologies – MUC CRCs either display a conventional ‘apical-in’ polarity or, more frequently, harbor an inverted ‘apical-out’ topology. Transcriptomic analyses combined with interference experiments on organoids showed that TGFβ and focal adhesion signaling pathways are the main drivers of polarity orientation. Finally, we show that the apical-out topology is associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments in organoids and decreased patient survival in the clinic. Thus, studies on patient-derived organoids have the potential to bridge histological, cellular and molecular analyses to decrypt onco-morphogenic programs and stratify cancer patients.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The role of environmental calcium in the extreme acid tolerance of northern banjo frog (Limnodynastes terraereginae) larvae
Authors: Hird Coen , Franklin Craig E. , Cramp Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTMany aquatically respiring animals acutely exposed to low pH waters suffer inhibition of ion uptake and loss of branchial (gill) epithelial integrity, culminating in a fatal loss of body Na+. Environmental calcium levels ([Ca2+]e) are pivotal in maintaining branchial junction integrity, with supplemental Ca2+ reversing the negative effects of low pH in some animals. Tolerance of some naturally acidic environments by aquatic animals is further complicated by low [Ca2+]e, yet many of these environments are surprisingly biodiverse. How animals overcome the damaging actions of low pH and low environmental Ca2+ remains unknown. We examined the effects of [Ca2+]e on the response to low pH in larvae of the highly acid-tolerant frog Limnodynastes terraereginae. Acute exposure to low pH water in the presence of low (5 μmol l−1) [Ca2+]e increased net Na+ efflux. Provision of additional [Ca2+]e reduced net Na+ efflux, but the effect was saturable. Acclimation to both low and high (250 μmol l−1) [Ca2+]e improved the resistance of larvae to Na+ efflux at low pH. Exposure to the Ca2+ channel inhibitor ruthenium red resulted in an abrupt loss of tolerance in low pH-acclimated larvae. Acclimation to acidic water increased branchial gene expression of the intracellular Ca2+ transport protein calbindin, consistent with a role for increased transcellular Ca2+ trafficking in the tolerance of acidic water. This study supports a role for [Ca2+]e in promoting branchial integrity and highlights a potential mechanism via the maintenance of transcellular Ca2+ uptake in the acid tolerance of L. terraereginae larvae.
The Role of Workload Management in Injury Prevention, Athletic, and Academic Performance in the Student-Athlete
Authors: Miranda-Comas Gerardo , Zaman Nadia , Ramin Jonathan , Gluck Ariana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Workload plays important roles in sports-related injury and athletic performance by influencing exposure to external injury risk factors and potential events, promoting changes in fitness level, which involves positive adaptations to training that may lead to improved performance, and/or stimulating fatigue which leads to negative effects in the body that may increase the risk of injury and negatively affect performance. In addition to the physical stress and significant time required for practice and training, student athletes also face subjective stressors. The total workload affects injury risk, but acute changes or spikes in external and/or internal loads seem to affect injury risk the most. These also may lead to poor recovery practices that may affect physical and academic performance. It is important for the medical team, coaches, parents, and the student athlete to understand the vulnerability of this population to increased amounts of workload and its positive and negative effects.