bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ understanding of normal sexual behavior definition through evaluation and group discussion
Authors: Shilko R. , Kumchenko S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe assumption that “normal” or typical sexual behavior exists is important for research and practice (van Lankveld, 2013). The definition of normal sexual behavior is multifaceted, that is why its adequate understanding by students in the course of sexuality requires some effort.ObjectivesThe focus of the research was the students’ understanding of complicated normal sexual behavior.Methods24 students (20 women; aged from 20 to 37 with M=25.5 and SD=5.7) completed adapted and modified questionnaire (Kite, 1990) consisting 30 items concerning sexual behavior by deciding whether or not they consider each item as normal. Then the evaluations by each student on all items were generalized and discussed and summarized in this general form among all participants.ResultsOnly 2 items were considered by all students as a normal: concerning sex somewhere other than a bed and masturbation after marriage. Some items were evaluated as normal by the half of participants: fantasizing about a person other than one’s partner during sex; becoming aroused by peeping; dressing of the clothing of the other sex; having rape fantasies. Many items were characterized as normal by less or more than a half of the participants. Trying to answer the question of what elements of sexual behavior can be considered as normal, students aware the ambiguity of these assumptions and observe the variability in the opinions of other participants.ConclusionsEvaluation of different elements of sexual behavior and subsequent group discussion demonstrates for students some difficulties and uncertainty in defining normal sex behavior.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Time trends in treated incidence, sociodemographic risk factors and comorbidities: a Finnish nationwide study on anxiety disorders
Authors: Khanal P. , Ståhlberg T. , Luntamo T. , Gyllenberg D. , Kronström K. , Suominen A. , Sourander A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnxiety disorders (ADs) are common in childhood and adolescence and global estimates suggest they affect 6.5% of individuals under 19 years of age.Yet, there has been a lack of research on time trends and socio-demographic risks for children and adolescents who receive treatment for ADs.ObjectivesWe aim to fill gaps in our knowledge by examining a nationwide sample of Finnish children and adolescents diagnosed in specialized healthcare settings.MethodsWe used register data of all singleton children born in Finland from 1992-2006 and diagnosed with ADs from 1998-2012. Changes in time trends in incidence were studied by dividing the study sample into three cohorts by birth years: 1992-1996, 1997-2001 and 2002-2006. The 22,388 individuals with ADs were matched with 76,139 controls. Nested case-control design was used to study the socio-demographic risk factors.ResultsComparing the 1992-1996 and 2002-2006 cohorts showed the cumulative incidence of treated ADs at the age of 10 increased from 0.3% to 1.2% (females) and 0.46% to 1.9% (males). Subjects had higher odds of being diagnosed with an AD if mothers had low SES (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.42-1.58) and were single parents (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.84-2.15) at birth. Unipolar depression was the most common psychiatric comorbidity (31.2%).Conclusions
ADs diagnosed by specialized services increased from 1998-2012 in both genders. This could indicate real increase in overall ADs, an increase in seeking treatment or both phenomena. The findings on maternal socioeconomic status and single parenting help improve understanding of environmental risk for anxiety disorders among children and adolescents.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Interaction between cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors of sleep-related complaints in the normative sample
Authors: Rasskazova E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionComplaints about sleep and sleepiness are widespread and are closely associated with dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, disturbed sleep hygiene and anxiety-depressive experiences (Perlis et al., 2011, Riemann et al., 2017, Sateia et al., 2017), however, the specific role and interactions of these factors are understudied.ObjectivesThe aim was to reveal the relationship between cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors of subjective sleep quality, sleepiness and typical patterns of nighttime sleep in the normative sample.Methods224 people 18-47 years old without diagnosed sleep disorders answered questions about their sleep patterns, filled in the Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Scale (Morin, 1993), Behavioral Factors of Sleep Disorders Scale (Rasskazova, 2020), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, 1991), Glasgow Thought Content Inventory (Harvey, Espie, 2004), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond, Snaith, 1983).ResultsThe poorer subjective quality of sleep is predicted by more dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, cognitive arousal and disturbed sleep hygiene (R2=45.1%). The negative effect of cognitive arousal on sleep quality is higher in people with sleep hygiene disturbances (ΔR2=1.4%, p<.05). Only disturbance of sleep hygiene is a predictor of sleep duration, sleepiness and the experience of insufficient sleep (R2=9.9%-12.2%), while cognitive arousal (R2=23.4%) and (in people with higher sleep hygiene disturbances, ΔR2=3.5%, p<.01) negative emotions predict poorer sleep efficacy.ConclusionsBoth relationship between cognitive arousal and poorer subjective sleep and relationship between anxiety, depression and poorer sleep efficacy are stronger in people with poorer sleep hygiene. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740.DisclosureResearch is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00740
Sleep impact of pandemic COVID-19 crisis on university students in Saudi Arabia and associated factors
Authors: Alhadi A. , Alhuwaydi A. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
COVID-19 pandemic has many psychological and physical effects. University students are among vulnerable population.ObjectivesWe aimed in this study to assess sleep effects of COVID-19 pandemic on university students in Saudi Arabia.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional study to collect responses of 5,140 participations from Saudi universities, responders completed the demographic questions, psychological scales including insomnia severity scale (ISI) between 24th and 30th of April 2020.ResultsAbout 41% of the sample suffered from moderate to severe insomnia. Mean ISI score was 12.9 (SD 6.62). Insomnia was associated with female gender, younger age, students from new universities, junior students, if a relative got COVID-19, having a chronic medical illness, and having a psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsCovid-19 pandemic has clear effect on sleep among Saudi university students. Universities need to plan and implement protective and intervention strategies to deal with this important issue.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Somnambulism induced by Hydroxyzine
Authors: Jomli R. , Jemli H. , Ghabi H. , Madouri S. , Ouertani A. , Ouali U. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSomnambulism or sleepwalking could be explained by dysfunction in the regulation of slow-wave sleep. It may be caused by drugs; in the literature, cases of somnambulism that occurred by olanzapine and lithium have been reported.ObjectivesDiscuss the association between somnambulism and Hydroxyzine.MethodsWe will discuss the case of a patient with bipolar disorder treated with olanzapine and lithium who experienced episodes of somnambulism after adding Hydroxyzine.ResultsA 42-year-old woman, with no history of somnambulism, followed in our department for a bipolar disorder type 1, treated with 750 mg of lithium and 20 mg of olanzapine. During her usual control, she reported insomnia Hydroxyzine was added at the dose of 50 mg. At the next medical appointment, she said that her husband had noticed that she waked up at night and she eats, she ambulates and searches things. Episodes that the patient did not remember. She was tranferd to the neurolgic departement. She did a neurological exam, an electroencephalogram, and a brain scan, witch were normal. The polysomnography confirmed the diagnosis. The neurologist retained the diagnosis of somnambulism induced by Hdroxizine regarding the chronology of the symptoms. The somnambulism ceased after stopping Hydroxyzine.ConclusionsLithium and olanzapine were associated with the occur of somnambulism, but hydroxyzine had never been reported as a somnambulism drug inducing. Drug interaction may explain this phenomenon.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sleep disorders among prison officers in Poland
Authors: Piotrowski A. , Ewa Sygit-Kowalkowska E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWorkplace conditions have a documented effect on employee health including sleep. Occupational stress and burnout are more frequent among penitentiary personnel than the general population.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to examine the phenomenon of insomnia and its relationship with occupational burnout in a sample of Polish prison officers.MethodsThe study was carried out on a sample of Polish prison officers using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI).Resultsshowed that the Polish prison officers exhibited early symptoms of insomnia. Sleep disorders had a significant role in developing occupational burnout. Coping strategies such as help-seeking and engagement were revealed to have a mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout dimensions. The coping strategy of help-seeking was the only predictor of insomnia.ConclusionsThe results can constitute a significant argument for health promotion campaigns highlighting sleep hygiene directed at penitentiary personnel. A research model created for the purposes of future studies would allow for measuring the frequency of health behaviors, including the general category of preventive behaviors. The study warrants continuation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Significantly improved outcomes – both in retention and CGI scores - using Long Acting Buprenorphine (LAB-Buvidal) versus treatment as usual for Opioid Dependence in Wales during the Pandemic
Authors: Melichar J. , Pearson L. , Richards E. , Lindsay A. , Greenwood R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWe have been using LAB (Buvidal) in Cardiff after its pandemic use was funded by Welsh Government.ObjectivesWe wished to review the benefits of introducing LAB (Buvidal) into treatment during the pandemic.MethodsThis service development review of the first 73 patients treated with LAB (24mg/96mg rapid titration Welsh protocol) was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Results43 (58%) male, 30 (41%) female. <25years=1, 38 (52%) aged 25-40, 34 (47%) 40-55. Prior to LAB 14% (10 people) using Espranor, 8% (6) Buprenorphine, 28% (20) Methadone. 50% (36) illicit opiates (mainly Heroin). We had continuous data for patients for up to 9 months of LAB. Two stopped for non-discontinuation reasons: One wanted to detox, one died of natural causes (LAB-unrelated). Both were excluded from discontinuation rate analysis. 55 people have data for over a month. Of these, 11 discontinued treatment. 80% remained on LAB for 1 month or more [95%CI 67-90%]. Kaplan-Meier plots showed similar discontinuation rates when comparing different OST programmes or none prior to LAB, and comparing by age, sex and initial illness severity (CGI severity). These rates all far exceeded data for traditional OST. CGI scores dramatically improved, even at one week. By month 2 all scores “much improved” or “very much improved”.ConclusionsBuvidal (LAB) has 80% retention rates, regardless of underlying prescribed/illicit opioid /demographics. The commonly held belief that those on heroin are further from Recovery than those more stable on OAD may be incorrect. LAB may be a more acceptable and useful first line therapy that other OSTsDisclosure
Dr Melichar has provided consultancy work, presentations, training and chaired panel discussions for all the companies in this area in the UK and some outside the UK. Recent work includes Althea (UK), Britannia (UK), Camurus (UK and Global), Martindale (U
Possible association between high social anxiety level and genetic markers in young adult Internet addicts
Authors: Trusova A. , Gvozdetckii A. , Merkulova T. , Chuprova N. , Solovieva M. , Grechany S. , Soldatkin V. , Yakovlev A. , Ponizovsky P. , Iluyk R. , Egorov A. , Krupitsky E. , Kibitov A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionInternet addiction (IA) is a rapidly growing disorder especially among adolescents and young adults. Social anxiety is one of the risk factors for IA. Also, genes involved in dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems are among the candidate genes most frequently associated with IA.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the association between social anxiety level and genetic markers in young adult Internet addicts.MethodsIA group included 44 people (Chen/Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) score ≥ 65), 75,0% males), the average age 22,0 [18,0;25,0] y.o. (Md [Q1; Q3]). Healthy control group (CIAS score was less 65) included 120 people, (73,3% males), the average age 23,0 [22,0;24,0] y.o. Psychometric measures: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Genetic markers: rs2072450 in GRIN2A, rs2832407 in GRiK-GluR5, HUMTH01 in TH01(S<9, L>=9 repeats). The impact of genotypes on social anxiety scores was identified using Proportional Odd Logit modeling taking into account group affiliation.ResultsGroup of IA reported significantly higher levels in almost all LSAS measures including total score. We found that carriers of the genotypes rs2072450 CC (p=0.004 vs.CA/AA), rs2832407 CC (p=0.023 vs AA), and TH01 SS (p=0.013 vs. LL) scored significantly higher of LSAS total in the IA group. There were no significant differences in the healthy controls group.ConclusionsThe rs2072450(CC) in GRIN2A, rs2832407(CC) in GRiK-GluR5, and HUMTH01 in TH01(SS) genotypes may be possibly associated with higher social anxiety levels in Internet addicts.DisclosureThe study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project #18-29-22079.
I can’t stop using cocaine and my son is going to be taken away from me
Authors: Osca Oliver A. , Ros Font V. , López Rodrigo M.V. , Palomo Monge M. , Tascón Guerra M.F. , Pérez Fominaya M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe use of psychoactive substances in pregnancy has a similar profile to the general population, in which ethyl alcohol and tobacco are the most widely used drugs, followed, to a much lesser extent, by marijuana and cocaine. Cocaine is a powerful stimulant of the Central Nervous System. Like other smokable cocaines, PBC is highly fat soluble and rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier, causing maternal-fetal harm when consumed during pregnancy. Being its pathophysiological mechanism the vasoconstriction of uterine and fetal vessels. Obstetric complications related to this toxic mechanism of action include: increased risk of spontaneous abortion, premature detachment of the normal inserted placenta, and intrauterine growth restriction.ObjectivesWe present how was the management of a 26-year-old woman, polytoxic, unemployed, living in a “squatting house”, referred from the Gynecology and Obstetrics service to the Addictive Behavior Unit, due to fetal alterations seen in ultrasound follow-ups. Presenting the fetus: delayed intrauterine growth, and bilateral ventriculomegaly with dilation of the left ventricle.MethodsWe report this case to social services and we started doing a weekly poison check. Presenting positive controls for both: cannabis and cocaine.ResultsDue to the physical, psychological and environmental situation of the patient, the withdrawal of custody of her child is being considered.ConclusionsThese types of cases must be treated in a multidisciplinary way, with awareness of the disease and the consequences of continuing to consume must be addressed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The role of PACAP/PAC1R in PTSD: effects on fear extinction via the ventromedial hypothalamus
Authors: Andero R. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
The incidence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is higher in women than men because of environmental and biological factors. Specific mechanisms in the PACAP-PAC1R (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its type I receptor) system may confer PTSD risk in women. Interestingly, while the PACAP (ADCYAP1) - PAC1R (ADCYAP1R1) system is expressed highly in the hypothalamus, no relationship has been described for this pathway in the hypothalamus with fear processing or in PTSD.ObjectivesWe studied whether the estrous/menstrual cycle at the moment of trauma predicts PTSD and the involvement of the PACAP neurons in the amygdala and hypothalamus during traumatic stress.MethodsMice: DREADDs, immunohistochemistry and behavior. Humans: fear-potentiated startle and questionnaires.Results
Here, we show that acute stress immobilization (IMO) produces fear extinction impairments in female mice. Also, IMO elicits Adcyap1 and Adcyap1r1 mRNA upregulation in the hypothalamus, PACAP/c-Fos downregulation in the medial amygdala (MeA), and PACAP/FosB/ΔFosB upregulation in the ventromedial hypothalamus dorsomedial part (VMHdm) after fear extinction. We also found that women with the risk genotype of ADCYAP1R1 rs2267735 SNP show impaired fear extinction. In mice, DREADD-mediated inhibition of the MeA neurons projecting to the VMHdm during IMO rescues both PACAP upregulation in VMHdm and the fear extinction impairment. We ruled out contributions from inherent hormonal states showing that the menstrual or estrous cycle phase at the moment of trauma does not result in a vulnerable phenotype.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the PACAP-PAC1R hypothalamic system may be a novel candidate to treat and prevent PTSD symptoms including fear dysregulations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Smoking in patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: Prevalence and management challenges
Authors: Bencharfa Z. , Amara Y. , Belbachir S. , Ouanass A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSmoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Studies have shown that the frequency of its use in schizophrenic patients is significantly higher than in the general population,which hinders both treatment strategies and the efficacy of antipsychotics.ObjectivesThe objectives of our study are to highlight the prevalence of smoking in this population,to assess their nicotine dependence as well as to support the difficulties of their management.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 92 male patients, hospitalized at Ar-razi Hospital in Salé, using the Fagerström scale, associated with a questionnaire that included age, marital status, educational level, somatic comorbidities, current treatment, other substances used, withdrawal attempts, age of first cigarette, family history of smoking, and finally,number of cigarettes per day before and after psychiatric diagnosis.ResultsAll our patients were male,the average age was 31 years, 84.8% of our patients were single, 73.9% were without a profession, only 23.9% were under classic neuroleptics while 4.3% were under Clozapine, the most of our patients were also using Cannabis,52.2% attempted a withdrawal, with an average duration of 6 months.69.6% of our patients had a family history of smoking and only 21.7% had somatic comorbidities.The average daily consumption was 12 cigarettes per day before the onset of psychiatric symptoms, rising to 18 cigarettes per day after the psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsThe frequency of smoking in schizophrenic patients is high. Unfortunately, these patients remain poorly aware of the harms of smoking, hence the need to integrate a smoking control strategy into the management of schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A Young man with Delirium Tremens, Pellagra and Alcoholic neuropathy. Case report and review of pharmacological treatment
Authors: Díez Valle B. , Coucheiro Limeres P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWe present the case of a 36-year-old male with chronic alcoholism who suffered Delirium Tremens and other complications during hospital admission and who recovered thanks to treatment with benzodiazepines and antiepileptics using a cross tapering strategy.ObjectivesPresentation of a case and review of the available literature on the pharmacological treatment of alcohol withdrawal.MethodsA 36-year-old man was hospitalised for extensive dermatological lesions suggestive of Pellagra. He acknowledged a daily consumption of six litres of beer, was homeless and had a poor and unvaried diet. After 48 hours, the patient began to present hyperreflexia, disorientation and delusions of harm and was diagnosed with Delirium Tremens.ResultsThe case was managed jointly by Internal Medicine and Psychiatry. High doses of Chlorazepate (up to 400 mg daily), Tiapride (up to 600 mg daily) and Thiamine (300 mg daily) were prescribed. After 5 days of treatment, the patient started to improve but severe pain appeared in the lower limbs suggestive of alcoholic neuropathy. Gradually the treatment was replaced by Pregabalin (up to a dose of 1200 mg daily) which was effective in calming the late withdrawal and partially controlling the lower limb pain.ConclusionsBenzodiazepines remain the first-line agent for severe withdrawal, while some antiepileptic drugs have proven useful in mild-moderate withdrawal and relapse prevention. Switching to antiepileptic drugs during follow-up should be considered because of the lower risk of dependence and respiratory depression, as well as the positive effects on the “kindling” phenomenon.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Substance Related and Addictive Disorders in Sports with a Focus on the Football Sector: a Narrative Review
Authors: Toparlak S. , Gurrea Salas D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFootball is the world’s most-watched and played sport. Even though sports psychiatry is steadily gaining importance, the stigma on mental illness in sports, especially football, and the limited number of articles on this topic means there is a pressing need for more study in this area. This narrative review begins to fill this gap. This review summarises the work on addictive disorders in sports, with a close focus on football, as well as mentioning some initiatives that are advancing our understanding of how mental illnesses in sports can be addressed.ObjectivesThis view also contributes to understanding the reasons behind mental illness and sports, and raises awareness.MethodsThis review was conducted by searching for the keywords ‘addiction’ and ‘football’ on three different database search engines, namely, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline. We found 26 articles based on this literature search with these keywords from 2005 to 2020. After data extraction, we cited 10 of them considering the specificity of addiction disorders in the football industry. 16 additional articles found by backwards citation chaining are also included in this review.ResultsThe articles reviewed here investigate addictive disorders within the football sector by looking at the incidence of particular addictive disorders, their underlying reasons and their consequences. This piece concludes by showing the need for more research and new initiatives regarding addictive disorders within the target group of footballers.ConclusionsA holistic, multidisciplinary and biopsychosocial approach is essential to provide long term solutions considering different factors contributing to addictive disorders in the football sector.DisclosureNo significant relationships.