bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead equivalence testing using a custom-built testing kit.
Authors: Maddox Lesley , Parin Robert , Khoo Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Radiation protective garments should undergo a quality assurance regime comprising of an acceptance test of the lead equivalence before the garment is introduced into clinical service, followed by routine periodic visual and fluoroscopic inspections throughout its remaining clinical lifespan. The IEC 61331-1:2014[1] is the leading standard outlining the methodology for testing of lead equivalence of these garments and forms the basis of the Australian/New Zealand Standards(1999)[2]. This study outlines the design and development of an IEC compliant broad beam lead equivalence testing setup, using an in-house custom-built testing kit (CBTK). The practicality and robustness of this kit was performance tested using lead equivalence measurements on 97% pure lead sheets. Hospital radiation protective garments are predominantly made of lead-free or lead-composite materials due to their light weight, as such, a set of lead-free (N-Pb) samples was also performance tested. These samples were tested using two different beam qualities; a total filtration of 2.5 mmAl and 0.25 mmCu added filtration, both at 102 kVp. Samples with thicknesses of 0.25 mm, 0.35 mm and 0.50 mm were used. The differential between labelled and measured lead equivalence averaged 3% for both the ‘pure-lead’ samples and N-Pb samples, with uncertainty of less than 7%. At 102 kVp, the use of Cu or Al filtration has marginal effect on measured lead equivalence for pure lead or N-Pb samples. The efficacy of utilizing the CBTK with a solid-state detector for lead equivalence testing was demonstrated through its ease of use, consistency and precision.
Comprehensive analysis of microsatellite polymorphisms in human populations
Authors: Gochi Leo , Kawai Yosuke , Fujimoto Akihiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microsatellites (MS) are tandem repeats of short units and have been used for population genetics, individual identification, and medical genetics. However, studies of MS on a whole genome level are limited, and genotyping methods for MS have yet to be established. Here, we analyzed approximately 8.5 million MS regions using a previously developed MS caller (MIVcall method) for three large publicly available human genome sequencing data sets: the Korean Personal Genome Project (KPGP), Simons Genome Diversity Project (SGDP), and Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP). Our analysis identified 253,114 polymorphic MS. A comparison among different populations suggests that MS in the coding region evolved by random genetic drift and natural selection. In an analysis of genetic structures, MS clearly revealed population structures as SNPs and detected clusters that were not found by SNPs in African and Oceanian populations. Based on the MS polymorphisms, we selected an effective MS set for individual identification. We also showed that our MS analysis method can be applied to ancient DNA samples. This study provides a comprehensive picture of MS polymorphisms and application to human population studies.
Towards school-based mental health programs in Nigeria: The immediate impact of a depression-literacy program among school-going adolescents and their teachers
Authors: Atilola Olayinka , Ayinde Olatunde , Obialo Felix-Kingsley , Adeyemo Sunday Oladotun , Adegbaju Adedapo , Anthony Robert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Depression-literacy, which is the foundational requirement for symptom recognition, positive attitude and help-seeking, is poor among adolescents in Nigeria. This study, therefore, aims to determine the impact of a school-based training program on depression-literacy among a cohort of high-school students and their teachers in South-West Nigeria. Methods: An adapted version of the Break Free from Depression, a 4-module depression awareness curriculum for staff and students, was implemented among students and their teachers. Paired-sample T-test was used to assess the domain-specific (knowledge, attitude, and confidence) impact of the training by comparing the baseline and immediate (within the week of the training) post-scores. Results: A total of 3,098 students and 294 teachers from 21 schools across three states in South-West Nigeria successfully completed the training. There was a significant positive difference (p<.05), at post-test, in the knowledge, attitude, and confidence among the students. The same was observed among teachers except for attitude where positive change did not reach significant level (p=.06). When statistically significant, the calculated effect size (eta squared) was highest for knowledge (students: .07, p=.001; teachers: .08, p<.000) and least for attitude (students: .003, p=.002 teachers: .085, p=.06). Multiple regression analyses result showed that the level of pre-scores predicted the magnitude of change in all domains of depression-literacy (p<.05) after controlling for age, gender, and type of school among the students, but not for teachers. Conclusions: School-based depression-literacy programs can lead to significant positive change in knowledge, attitude, and confidence of students and teachers.
Mindfulness training, a learning process towards three directions: oneself, others, the academic system in medical education: a qualitative study
Authors: Brami Cloé , Sultan Serge , Londes Julie Gilles de la , Piot Marie-Aude , Robieux Léonore , Zenasni Franck 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Research suggests that well-being in medical students can be enhanced through participation in targeted educational programs such as mindfulness. However, research has largely adopted a quantitative design, which appears limited in its ability to capture the complexity of the learning and teaching process of mindfulness.
The purpose of the study was to obtain an in-depth analysis of the lived experiences of medical students just after completing an 8-week Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program within an optional. Eighteen medical students from beginning to residency were interviewed using a semi-structured face to face interview. Transcripts were analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method.
Seven themes were described and organized into three superordinate themes describing a learning process towards three directions: oneself(1), others(2), the academic system(3). (1) It’s an experience lived as an intimate and sensitive encounter through the awareness and discovery of body sensation. The healing dimension is found including behavioral changes and emotional regulation. (2) The teaching highlights a new listening attitude and offers a way of experiencing empathy. Learning mindfulness appeared as a dynamic process, sometimes uncomfortable that can lead to confusion. (3) Finally, being supported by the university in this caring proposition seems to be an important confidence-building dimension.
The MBSR program appeared as a pedagogical resource for learning self-care skills and caring for others in medical education using a multidimensional learning process. Further work would be useful to clarify process variables and risk factors in order to continue to promote student well-being.
Perception of Local Communities on the Environmental and Socio-economic Benefits and Management Systems of the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Gulte Endaylallu , Tadele Hadis , Haileslassie Amare , Mekuria Wolde 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Assessing the perception of local communities on the benefits and disbenefits of protected areas is crucial to ensure the sustainability of their multiple benefits to people’s livelihood. This study was conducted in Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP), Ethiopia to assess the perceptions of local communities on the benefits and benefit-sharing mechanisms as well as on the existing shared management of the park. Household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were tools used to collect data. The results indicated that most local communities exhibited a negative attitude toward the management systems in place though local authorities claim that 60% of the benefits from the BMNP goes to the local communities. This could be attributed to the lack of communication among stakeholders and limited access to the tangible economic benefits at household level. In addition, the focus of existing benefit sharing mechanisms to only known community-based organizations and ecotourism associations, and lack of meaningful participation as well as unhealthy relationships between local communities and the management team could contribute to the development of negative attitudes. Further, the additional costs due to crop damage by wild animals and relocation costs due to the implementation of key strategic plans of the park could contribute to the negative attitudes. Improving the participation of local communities in managing natural resources in the park and local communities’ access to the economic benefits could help improve the engagement of local communities and consequently help reduce the observed negative attitudes. Compensation might help to reduce the additional costs incurred to local communities due to crop and livestock damages caused by wild animals. The park management should be transparent to the communities about the revenue of protected areas and engage them when establishing community-based organizations and ecotourism associations.
Response-surface optimization of anti-pathogenic activity of metabolic extracts obtained from rhizobacteria of Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad , Nawaz Haq , Jabeen Raheela , Nawaz Mubashir , Kashaf Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The anti-pathogenic activity (APA) of the metabolic extracts obtained from rhizobacteria of Parthenium hysterophorus was optimized by constructing a tri-factorial central composited design in the response surface methodology. The colonies of the rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizospheric soil of P. hysterophorus were identified microscopically. The pink and yellow-colored colonies were cultured at five levels of three culture variables including pH (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), incubation temperature (IT: 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40°C), and incubation time (It: 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h). The bacterial metabolites were extracted in methanol and analyzed for their APA against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A statistically significant linear positive effect of pH was observed on the APA of both of the bacterial extracts and quadratic negative effect on APA of yellow-colored extracts against each of the selected pathogens. The It showed a significant linear positive effect on APA of the pink-colored extract against E. coli and that of the yellow-colored extract against the selected pathogens. It also showed quadratic negative effects on the APA of both of the bacterial extracts against the selected pathogens. However, the IT in the selected range showed no significant effect on the APA of the selected bacterial metabolites against the selected pathogens.
Assessment of Cactus Biosorption Potential of Cr (VI) ions Removal from Synthetic and Tannery wastewater
Authors: Temesgen Getahun Mebrat , Gebrie Geremew Sahilu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hexachromium Cr (VI) is environmentally mobile and causes ecotoxicological hazard. Chrome utilizing industries are a major source of Cr (VI) pollution. Adsorption using activated carbon prepared from biomaterials is a new technology for the treatment of heavy metals rich industrial effluents. Opuntia Ficus Indicus (OFI) activated with H3PO4 (45%) was evaluated for Cr (VI) removal capability from synthetic and tannery wastewater. The study employed batch experiment and residual Cr (VI) concentrations were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. FTIR spectroscopy suggested contributions of hydroxyls and carboxyls in Cr (VI) adsorption. Maximum Cr (VI) removal efficiency of 99.5% was achieved by OFI. The % removal of Cr (VI) onto OFI increased with increase of the amount of sorbent, contact time, agitating speed, while observed increased at lower values of initial concentration of Cr (VI) and PH. Optimized values of sorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH, contact time and stirring speed were 0.125g, 6mg/L, 2, 60minuets and 150rpm at a temperature of 250C, respectively. Langmuir isotherm with higher R2 was best fitted to the experimental values with monolayer adsorption capacity of 4.587mg/g. RL values were in range of 0 < RL < 1, confirmed the favorability of adsorption process. About 88.7% Cr (VI) removal was detected when applied to the real wastewater. The reduction in percentage of removal might be due the matrix effect of the competing ions. The study revealed; activated OFI carbon is potent biosorbent of plant origin that holds distinct position for complete removal of Cr (VI)) from aqueous solution.
Generalization of Grothendieck duality over Serre duality in 𝘥𝘦𝘨ₙ Cohen-Macauly schemes representing Calabi–Yau 3-fold on Bogomolov–Tian–Todorov Theorem
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Any induced isomorphism over the chain-complex of homology can be the abelian 𝘟 defined for the functors of hypercohomology is a derived category for all the locally defined commutative algebra in coherent sheaves as (𝘟c). Regards to the schemes Ω going through the morphisms on field 𝘧 relates to scheme Ω in fiber projections *y : 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜(𝘧) ← 𝘷𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘺(ρ) : The closed domain can be extended over Serre via Relative Grothendieck where categorically expressed (𝘊) the change to 𝘽𝙖𝙨𝙚 B viewing morphism 𝐵→𝘧𝘪𝘹𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵 𝘧^ from (𝘊)ₓ→𝘧𝘪𝘹𝘦𝘥 𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵 𝘧^ considering the class (ω)cₓ [𝘥𝘦𝘨ₙ] ∃ 𝘯 implies Cohen-Macauly degree. 𝐒𝐩𝐞(𝘧) on field 𝘧 with 𝘥𝘦𝘨 (finite) shows a smooth Serre functor Ωᵇ cₒₕ(𝑿) operating smoothly over field 𝘧. Thereby, applying over the Bogomolov–Tian–Todorov Theorem with Gorenstein formulations one can find Kähler moduli, Complex moduli, Calabi–Yau 3-fold having Euler characteristics 𝒳 = -200 in quintic ℂℙ⁴ over monoidal symmetric 𝗞 –module. It’s been shown that a Chern-Weil form exists in dimension 𝘥/2 over algebraically defined K–3 surfaces taking a ℓ - 𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘪𝘤 é𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘦 for elliptic curve ℚ representing Galois transformation for 2–𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮 holomorphic having an isometry over Cartan matrix 𝑬₈ suffice 𝘒ₓ ≃ 𝒪ₓ for 𝘟c ⊂ℙⁿ.
Unterrichtsbezogene Lehrpersonenkooperationen im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Drossel Kerstin , Heldt Melanie 
Published: June 2022

Unterrichtsbezogene Lehrpersonenkooperationen im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation gelten als wesentliche Gelingensbedingung für eine zeitgemässe Schul- und Unterrichtsentwicklung (Gräsel, Schledjewski, und Hartmann 2020) und können zugleich als wichtiges Schulqualitätsmerkmal auf der schulischen Prozessebene verortet werden (Ditton 2017). Bislang ist allerdings unklar, wie sich die aktuelle Kooperationspraxis an Schulen der Sekundarstufe I in Deutschland ausgestaltet, da Grund zur Annahme besteht, dass sich Kooperationen unter den Einflüssen der digitalen Transformation selbst verändern. Auf Grundlage einer repräsentativen bundesweiten Stichprobe wird ein Instrument zur Erfassung unterrichtsbezogener Lehrpersonenkooperationen im Zeitalter der digitalen Transformation vorgestellt und aufgezeigt, in welchem Ausmass Kooperationen stattfinden. Zudem wird beleuchtet, ob digitale Medien in diesem Rahmen genutzt werden. Klassische Kooperationsformen sind nach wie vor zu finden; medienbezogene Formen gewinnen allerdings an Bedeutung. Das Instrument kann (angehenden) Lehrpersonen ebenso wie der Wissenschaft Möglichkeiten zur Reflexion und Erfassung des medienbezogenen Kooperationsverhaltens unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Kooperationsformen bieten und somit Schulentwicklungsprozesse unterstützen. Die kriterienorientierte Entwicklung kann eine anschliessende Adaption auf weitere medienbezogene Kooperationskontexte im Bildungsbereich ermöglichen, beispielsweise im Hinblick auf die Zusammenarbeit von Akteur:innen in schulischen Netzwerken (s. z. B. Endberg et al. 2020).
Genoprotective, antimutagenic, and antioxidant effects of methanolic leaf extract of Rhamnus alaternus L. from the Bissa mountains in Algeria
Authors: Gadouche Leila , Zerrouki Khayra , Zidane Azdinia , Ababou Adda , Bachir Elazaar Ibtissem , Merabet Dounya , Henniche Wissam , Ikhlef Samah 
Published: June 2022

Rhamnus alaternus L. is a Rhamnaceae shrub and a popular traditional medicine in Algeria. The present research objective was to investigate the antioxidant, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic properties of R. alaternus methanolic leaf extract.
Antiradical scavenging activity was tested by α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching method. DNA damage and repair were measured by the Allium cepa test with sodium azide as a mutagenic agent. Mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations were calculated by microscopy of meristem roots stained with 2% carmine acetic.
The methanolic extract of R. alaternus leaves inhibited the free radical DPPH (IC50 = 0.74 ± 0.30 mg/mL) and prevented the oxidation of β-carotene (50.71 ± 4.17%). The root phenotyping showed that sodium azide changed their color and shape, decreased their stiffness, and significantly reduced their length. The roots treated with both R. alaternus leaf extract and sodium azide demonstrated a better root growth. The roots treated with the methanolic extract were much longer than the control roots (P < 0.001). The microscopy images of root meristem treated with the sodium azide mitodepressant agent showed significant chromosomal aberrations, which indicated a disruption of the cell cycle.
The R. alaternus leaf extract appeared to have a beneficial effect on cytotoxicity. The antioxidant properties of R. alaternus L. makes this plant an excellent genoportector.
Formulating anti-diabetic nutraceutical tablets based on edible plants from Tripura, India
Authors: Debnath Bikash , Manna Kuntal 
Published: June 2022

Nutraceuticals are food-based drugs that are used as dietary supplements to minimize chronic diseases. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases all over the world. Recently, herbal nutraceuticals have taken a promising role in treating diabetes.
We aimed to develop herbal nutraceutical tablets and evaluate its anti-diabetic activity using ob/ob mice. Five plant species were collected by field survey methods based on oral interviews with traditional healers of Tripura. The wet granulation method was applied to formulate the herbal nutraceutical tablet. Water- and fat-soluble vitamins were determined by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography. Trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. To evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the herbal tablets, we determined serum hemoglobin, glycosylated serum protein, and oral glucose tolerance.
The newly formulated herbal nutraceutical tablets provided the optimal energy level. It contained sufficient amounts of essential minerals, such as iron (74.6 ± 2.7 mg/g), sodium (4.4 ± 0.4 mg/g), potassium (5.3 ± 0.7 mg/g), calcium (163.1 ± 2.2 mg/g), magnesium (39.2 ± 1.7 mg/g), and phosphorus (14.6 ± 2.1 mg/g). We also found optimal quantities of water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C (27.2 ± 4.3 mg/g), vitamin B1 (0.6 ± 0 mg/g), vitamin B3 (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/g), vitamin B6 (1.1 ± 0.2 mg/g), vitamin B12 (0.6 ± 0.2 μg/g), and folic acid (82.6 ± 7.6 μg/g), as well as fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A (287.4 ± 6.3 μg/g), vitamin D3 (2.6 ± 0.6 μg/g), and vitamin E (0.7 ± 0 ng/g). Finally, the herbal nutraceutical tablet (200 mg/kg) significantly improved the antihyperglycemic effect on ob/ob mice (type 2 diabetes), compared to the standard drug, metformin (200 mg/kg).
The results suggest that the newly formulated herbal tablet may be recommended as an anti-diabetic nutraceutical drug.
Improving the Seismic Response of Tall Buildings: From Diagrid to Megastructures and Mega-Subcontrol Systems
Authors: Faiella Diana , Argenziano Mario , Mele Elena 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Diagrid structures, widely used for the tall buildings of the third millennium, are characterized by a very effective behaviour in the elastic field due to the grid triangulation. In particular, under horizontal actions, axial forces and deformations mainly arise in the structural members of the diagrid, thus resulting in the reduction of the shear lag effect and racking deformations. The response to incremental horizontal actions beyond the plastic threshold, however, shows a poor plastic redistribution capacity, with consequent low values of global ductility, in spite of a significant design overstrength.

Objective:
In this paper, it is proposed to exploit the high elastic efficiency of the diagrid type and use a vibration control system, based on mass damping mechanism with large mass ratios, to reduce a priori the inelastic demands due to seismic actions.

Methods:
Starting from the analysis of the seismic behavior of archetype diagrid buildings, a case study is selected to assess the effectiveness of the proposed motion-based design approach. For this purpose, the diagrid is first transformed into a megastructure (MS) configuration by densifying the diagonal elements at the most stressed corner areas and transfer floors, suitably chosen. Then, the exterior mega-frame is detached from interior sub-structures, thus allowing for a relative motion between the two structural portions according to a “mega-sub-structure control system” (MSCS), which activates the mass damping mechanism.

Results:
Time-history analyses carried out on simplified lumped-mass models confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in reducing the seismic response.

Conclusion:
Finally, the practical feasibility of the MSCS and engineering solutions for the relevant structural organization are discussed.
Nano-surface Functionality of Zinc Ferrite: Ascorbic Acid Nanofluid Application
in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Guan Beh Hoe , Hakim Muhammad Darwisy , Hastuti Kurnia , Bin Hamid Mohamad Amin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The compromising effect of reservoir’s compositions on the acceleration of oil
towards the production center during recovery efforts in both primary and secondary applications prelude
the application of nanofluid in the oil industry.

Objective::
This study explores the efficacy of Ascorbic acid on the surface of Zinc Ferrite nanoparticles
in interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability modification.

Method:
The use of co-precipitation method for the synthesis of Zinc Ferrite nanoparticles (ZNP) was
successful at varying temperatures. Consequently, ascorbic acid NPs were coated on ZNP and their brine
based nanofluid was prepared.

Results:
The effects of calcination temperature on the morphology, structure and the crystallinity size
were investigated. In concentration influence determination, wettability alteration (W.A) was the most
affected mobility factor at 0.15M. However, at 0.25M higher concentration, the IFT, W.A and nanofluid’s
stability were relatively improved significantly.

Conclusions:
This research enhances our understanding of the ascorbic acid effect on ZNP and the fascinating
impact of their combined usage as an enhanced oil recovery agents. Ascorbic acid improved the
efficiency of the coated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles on IFT and contact angle.