bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint connectivity matrix independent component analysis: Auto‐linking of structural and functional connectivities
Authors: Wu Lei , Calhoun Vince 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study of human brain connectivity, including structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC), provides insights into the neurophysiological mechanism of brain function and its relationship to human behavior and cognition. Both types of connectivity measurements provide crucial yet complementary information. However, integrating these two modalities into a single framework remains a challenge, because of the differences in their quantitative interdependencies as well as their anatomical representations due to distinctive imaging mechanisms. In this study, we introduced a new method, joint connectivity matrix independent component analysis (cmICA), which provides a data‐driven parcellation and automated‐linking of SC and FC information simultaneously using a joint analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion‐weighted MRI data. We showed that these two connectivity modalities produce common cortical segregation, though with various degrees of (dis)similarity. Moreover, we show conjoint FC networks and structural white matter tracts that directly link these cortical parcellations/sources, within one analysis. Overall, data‐driven joint cmICA provides a new approach for integrating or fusing structural connectivity and FC systematically and conveniently, and provides an effective tool for connectivity‐based multimodal data fusion in brain.
Immune repertoire sequencing reveals an abnormal adaptive immune system in COVID‐19 survivors
Authors: Jia Chen , Zhou Zhiguo , Pan Wenjing , Zhang Pan , Yang Ming , Zhao Mingming , Li Bo , Liu Ping , Zhang Qianqian , Kong Xianglong , Li Keyu , Yue Tingting , Cai Ting , Wang Zijun , De Clercq Erik , Li Song , Li Guangdi , Liu Jiyang , Wu Haijing , Lu Qianjin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) impairs the adaptive immune system during acute infection. Still, it remains largely unclear whether the frequency and functions of T and B cells return to normal after the recovery of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Here, we analyzed immune repertoires and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific neutralization antibodies in a prospective cohort of 40 COVID‐19 survivors with a 6‐month follow‐up after hospital discharge. Immune repertoire sequencing revealed abnormal T‐ and B‐cell expression and function with large T cell receptor/B cell receptor clones, decreased diversity, abnormal class‐switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation. A decreased number of B cells but an increased proportion of CD19+CD138+ B cells were found in COVID‐19 survivors. The proportion of CD4+ T cells, especially circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, was increased, whereas the frequency of CD3+CD4− T cells was decreased. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific neutralization IgG and IgM antibodies were identified in all survivors, especially those recorded with severe COVID‐19 who showed a higher inhibition rate of neutralization antibodies. All severe cases complained of more than one COVID‐19 sequelae after 6 months of recovery. Overall, our findings indicate that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies remain detectable even after 6 months of recovery. Because of their abnormal adaptive immune system with a low number of CD3+CD4− T cells and high susceptibility to infections, COVID‐19 patients might need more time and medical care to fully recover from immune abnormalities and tissue damage.
Factors affecting climate variability of basin‐wide western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Zhao Haikun , Lu Jun , Raga Graciela B. , Duan Jingjing , Wang Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChanges in the duration of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the embedded large‐scale environment along with TC tracks have a substantial impact on basin‐wide TC intensity. However, their relative importance in changes of basin‐wide TC intensity remains unclear. This study focuses on their contributions to change in TC intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP) basin using a TC intensity model. First, simulations using a TC intensity model with inputs of TC tracks and the embedded environment adequately capture the climate variability of the observed basin‐wide WNP TC intensity. It suggests that the climate variability of basin‐wide TC intensity largely depends on the synergistic changes in large‐scale environment and TC tracks. Sensitivity tests indicated that changes in TC tracks generally appear to be the most important factor affecting basin‐wide TC intensity on the interannual and interdecadal timescales. Changes in large‐scale environment play a limited role especially for weak‐to‐moderate TCs (i.e., tropical storms and Cat.1–3 TCs), while comparable impacts of change in TC tracks and large‐scale environment are found for intense TCs (i.e., Cat.4–5 TCs). Given that TC tracks remain unchanged, sensitivity simulations further show that TC duration plays a more crucial role in controlling basin‐wide TC intensity than the environmental fields. Moreover, weak‐to‐moderate TCs appear to be more sensitive to duration than intense TCs, in consistent with the dramatic changes in basin‐wide TC intensity for westward TCs that form in the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea with short TC duration. Results of this study would be helpful for climate prediction of basin‐wide TC intensity over the WNP basin.
Non‐uniform changes of growing conditions for sweet cherry trees responses to climate warming in main production regions of China
Authors: Sun Wanxia , Ren Ruixuan , Liu Yangtai , Wang Jiyuan , Wang Li , Liu Xunju , Jiu Songtao , Wang Shiping , Zhang Caixi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGiven the strong sensitivity of sweet cherry trees to air temperature and the foreseeable warming under future climates, it becomes urgent to analyse spatiotemporal variability of growing conditions in main production areas of China. Here, we estimated changes of three climate metrics, that is, winter chill, heat accumulation and the risk of spring frost events, by using 22 global climate models over the historical and future (represented by central years 2050s and 2085s) time stages. Statistically downscaled daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 14 sites under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were used. The results show a general increase of available winter chill for most sites in Bohai and Lanzhou–Lianyungang Railway line agro‐climatic zones, and the increase in chill accumulation could reach up to 15.2% in these regions for RCP4.5 by 2085 s. However, the most dramatic winter chill decrease is projected to occur in the southwest region under the RCP8.5 scenario by 2085 s. Additionally, the increase rate of heat accumulation during the forcing period shows spatially consistency, and the most pronounced increase is found in the RCP8.5 by 2085 s. In the north region, median heat accumulation increases by 17.5%–21.0% in the 2050 s under RCP4.5. Similar increasing range could be found in the southwest station. High frost risk areas are found in the southwestern region for both baseline and future climate scenarios. Across the 14 study sites, Mengzi and Kunming have the highest meteorologically defined risk of spring damaging frost with accumulated 335 growing degree days (GDDs) and 264 GDDs before the last spring frost event, respectively. Overall, this study provides projected characteristics of site‐specific growing conditions for sweet cherry trees in main production regions. The results could be useful for decision‐making such as selection of appropriate species and varieties in adapting to future warming.
Extraction of anthocyanins from haskap using cold plasma‐assisted enzyme
Authors: Zhou Yajun , Li Jiangfei , Li Zongping , Ma Qingshu , Wang Lu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHaskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) are rich in anthocyanins. Cold plasma‐assisted enzyme method (CPEM) is an innovative method for green extraction of anthocyanins, which was optimized by an artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm (ANN‐GA) to maximize the yield. In this study, seven factors were screened using by Plackett–Burman design based on single‐factor experiments and optimized by ANN‐GA.RESULTSThe results showed that the maximum total anthocyanin content (TAC, 42.45 ± 0.25 g cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalent (C3G) kg−1 dry weight, DW) was obtained under optimal pretreatment power of 192 W, pretreatment time of 29 s and liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 39 mL g−1. Cleavage and porosity appeared on the surface of the treated sample. The active ingredients and antioxidant capacity of the CPEM extracts were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). Compared with other extraction technologies, CPEM presents the advantages of shortening the extraction time, reducing the solvent volume, and significantly increasing active ingredients and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONThe ANN‐GA has better predictive and higher accuracy than the response surface methodology (RSM) model and is more suitable for optimizing the CPEM by greatly improving the process yield and the utilization of biomass, thus contributing to the sustainability of the agri‐food chain. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An equal 18‐way low‐profile power divider for sparse antenna arrays using amplitude equalization network
Authors: Zhou Yedi , Song Kaijun , Guo Song , Yong Fan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn equal 18‐way power divider, using a half‐air‐filled stripline technique, is presented in this letter. An amplitude equalization network is designed to mitigate the amplitude imbalance of the multiplexed planar/quasi‐planar power‐division network. Optimized transmission paths are obtained based on a combination of 1‐6‐3 power division and a multilayer structure, which effectively reducing transmission losses. To validate the design, this power divider, which is used to feed a sparse antenna array, is designed, optimized, fabricated, and measured. The measured return loss was better than 18 dB, and the measured insertion loss was better than 1.55 dB over the range 7–10 GHz. The amplitude imbalance is better than 0.4 dB, and the phase imbalance is better than 7.3°. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Arterial spin labeling using spatio‐temporal encoding readout for robust perfusion imaging in inhomogenous magnetic fields
Authors: Franklin Suzanne L. , Schuurmans Megan , Otikovs Martins , Borman Pim T. S. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Bos Clemens 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of spatio‐temporal encoding (SPEN) readout for pseudo‐continuous ASL (pCASL) in brain, and its robustness to susceptibility artifacts as introduced by aneurysm clips.MethodsA 2D self‐refocused T2*‐compensated hybrid SPEN scheme, with super‐resolution reconstruction was implemented on a 1.5T Philips system.Q(=BWchirp*Tchirp) was varied and, the aneurysm clip‐induced artifact was evaluated in phantom (label‐images) as well as in vivo (perfusion‐weighted signal (PWS)‐maps and temporal SNR (tSNR)). In vivo results were compared to gradient‐echo EPI (GE‐EPI) and spin‐echo EPI (SE‐EPI). The dependence of tSNR on TR was evaluated separately for SPEN and SE‐EPI. SPEN withQ ˜ 75 encodes with the same off‐resonance robustness as EPI.ResultsThe clip‐induced artifact with SPEN decreased with increase in Q, and was smaller compared to SE‐EPI and GE‐EPI in vivo. tSNR decreased with Q and the tSNR of GE‐EPI and SE‐EPI corresponded to SPEN with a Q‐value of approximately ˜85 and ˜108, respectively. In addition, SPEN perfusion images showed a higher tSNR (p < 0.05) for TR = 4000 ms compared to TR = 2100 ms, while SE‐EPI did not. tSNR remained relatively stable when the time between SPEN‐excitation and start of the next labeling‐module was more than ˜1000 ms.ConclusionFeasibility of combining SPEN with pCASL imaging was demonstrated, enabling cerebral perfusion measurements with a higher robustness to field inhomogeneity (Q > 75) compared to SE‐EPI and GE‐EPI. However, the SPEN chirp‐pulse saturates incoming blood, thereby reducing pCASL labeling efficiency of the next acquisition for short TRs. Future developments are needed to enable 3D scanning.
Preliminary analysis of hippocampus synaptic apoptosis and microglial phagocytosis induced by severe restraint stress
Authors: Enomoto Shingo , Ohgidani Masahiro , Sagata Noriaki , Inamine Shogo , Kato Takahiro A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimSeveral studies reported stress‐induced microglial phagocytosis, but the biochemical mechanisms by which stress alters microglial synaptic phagocytosis are not fully uncovered. Local or limited apoptosis without cell death was observed at neuronal synapses in previous studies, and proposed as an upstream mechanism for microglial synapse elimination. In this micro‐report, we aimed to preliminary examine local synaptic apoptosis in the mouse hippocampus following severe restraint stress, and its effect on microglial phagocytosis.MethodsMice were exposed to 10‐day water immersion restraint stress (WIRS). Brain sections including stratum lucidum in the hippocampal CA3 subfield were stained with antibodies against cleaved caspase 3, ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule1 (Iba1), lysosomal‐associated membrane protein1 (LAMP1), vesicular glutamate transporter1 (VGLUT1). Co‐localization among these proteins were calculated.ResultsOur image analysis revealed that synaptic apoptosis was increased while there were no significant changes in microglial phagocytic activity and synaptic phagocytosis following 10‐day WIRS.ConclusionSevere restraint stress enhanced pre‐synaptic apoptosis in mouse CA3 stratum lucidum region, but did not promote microglial phagocytosis. The phenomenon microglia fail to phagocytose weakened and unnecessary synapses may be related to pathology of stress.
Honey and Nigella sativa against COVID‐19 in Pakistan (HNS‐COVID‐PK): A multicenter placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ashraf Sohaib , Ashraf Shoaib , Ashraf Moneeb , Imran Muhammad Ahmad , Kalsoom Larab , Siddiqui Uzma N. , Farooq Iqra , Akmal Rutaba , Akram Muhammad Kiwan , Ashraf Sidra , Ghufran Muhammad , Majeed Nighat , Habib Zaighum , Rafique Sundas , ‐Abdin Zain‐ul , Arshad Shahroze , Shahab Muhammad Sarmad , Ahmad Sohail , Zheng Hui , Mirza Ali Rafique , Zulfiqar Sibgha , Anwar Muhamad Imran , Humayun Ayesha , Mahmud Talha , Saboor Qazi Abdul , Ahmad Ali , Ashraf Muhammad , Izhar Mateen ,   DOCTORS LOUNGE consortium
Published: November 2022

AbstractUntil now, no specific and effective treatment exists for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Since honey and Nigella sativa (HNS) have established antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, we tested their efficacy for this disease in a multicenter, placebo‐controlled, and randomized clinical trial at four medical care facilities in Pakistan. RT‐PCR confirmed COVID‐19 adults showing moderate or severe disease were enrolled in the trial. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either honey (1 g kg−1 day−1) and Nigella sativa seeds (80 mg kg−1 day−1) or a placebo for up to 13 days along with standard care. The outcomes included symptoms' alleviation, viral clearance, and 30‐day mortality in the intention‐to‐treat population. Three hundred and thirteen patients, 210 with moderate and 103 with severe disease, underwent randomization from April 30 to July 29, 2020. Among the moderate cases, 107 were assigned to HNS, whereas 103 were assigned to the placebo group. Among the severe cases, 50 were given HNS, and 53 were given the placebo. HNS resulted in ~50% reduction in time taken to alleviate symptoms as compared to placebo (moderate cases: 4 vs. 7 days, Hazard Ratio [HR]: 6.11; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 4.23–8.84, p < 0.0001 and for severe cases: 6 vs. 13 days, HR: 4.04; 95% CI: 2.46–6.64; p < 0.0001). HNS also cleared the virus earlier than placebo in both moderate cases (6 vs. 10 days, HR: 5.53; 95% CI: 3.76–8.14, p < 0.0001) and severe cases (8.5 vs. 12 days, HR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.62–7.13, p < 0.0001). HNS further led to a better clinical score on day 6 with normal activity resumption in 63.6% vs. 10.9% among moderate cases (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03–0.13, p < 0.0001) and hospital discharge in 50% versus 2.8% in severe cases (OR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.09, p < 0.0001). In severe cases, the mortality rate was less than 1/4th in the HNS group than in placebo (4% vs. 18.87%, OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02–0.92, p = 0.029). No HNS‐related adverse effects were observed. HNS, compared with placebo, significantly improved symptoms, expedited viral load clearance, and reduced mortality in COVID‐19 patients. This trial was registered on April 15, 2020 with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04347382.
The phytochemical profiling, pharmacological activities, and safety of malva sylvestris: a review
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Tene Stephano Tambo , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Shaheen Hazem M. , Oluwatoba Oyerinde Samson , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Garbee Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalva sylvestris is a plant commonly found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The leaves and flowers of this plant have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as cough, cold, diarrhoea, and constipation. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical profiling and pharmacologic activities of Malva sylvestris. The techniques used in phytochemical profiling and the pharmacologic activity of each compound were extracted from the included studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The phytochemical analysis of Malva sylvestris revealed that the leaves and flowers are the most commonly used parts of the plant and contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, mucilages, terpenoids, phenol derivatives, coumarins, sterols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. These phytochemicals are responsible for the many pharmacological activities of Malva sylvestris, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, laxative, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. This review has presented an overview of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and the cytotoxic effects of Malva sylvestris on different types of cancer cells. It has also summarised the work on developing copper oxide nanoparticles using Malva sylvestris leaf extract and its potential use in food and medicine. This review aims to highlight the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and safety of Malva sylvestris.
In situ sequence-specific visualization of single methylated cytosine on tissue sections using ICON probe and rolling-circle amplification
Authors: Kitazawa Sohei , Haraguchi Ryuma , Takaoka Yuki , Kitazawa Riko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince epigenetic modifications differ from cell to cell, detecting the DNA methylation status of individual cells is requisite. Therefore, it is important to conduct “morphology-based epigenetics research”, in which the sequence-specific DNA methylation status is observed while maintaining tissue architecture. Here we demonstrate a novel histochemical technique that efficiently shows the presence of a single methylated cytosine in a sequence-dependent manner by applying ICON (interstrand complexation with osmium for nucleic acids) probes. By optimizing the concentration and duration of potassium osmate treatment, ICON probes selectively hybridize to methylated cytosine on tissue sections. Since the elongation process by rolling-circle amplification through the padlock probe and synchronous amplification by the hyperbranching reaction at a constant temperature efficiently amplifies the reaction, it is possible to specifically detect the presence of a single methylated cytosine. Since the ICON probe is cross-linked to the nuclear or mitochondrial DNA of the target cell, subsequent elongation and multiplication reactions proceed like a tree growing in soil with its roots firmly planted, thus facilitating the demonstration of methylated cytosine in situ. Using this novel ICON-mediated histochemical method, detection of the methylation of DNA in the regulatory region of the RANK gene in cultured cells and of mitochondrial DNA in paraffin sections of mouse cerebellar tissue was achievable. This combined ICON and rolling-circle amplification method is the first that shows evidence of the presence of a single methylated cytosine in a sequence-specific manner in paraffin sections, and is foreseen as applicable to a wide range of epigenetic studies.
Perinatal predictors of clinical instability at birth in late-preterm and term infants
Authors: Santomartino Georgia A. , Blank Douglas A. , Heng Alissa , Woodward Anthony , Kane Stefan C. , Thio Marta , Polglase Graeme R. , Hooper Stuart B. , Davis Peter G. , Badurdeen Shiraz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo identify characteristics associated with delivery room clinical instability in at-risk infants. Prospective cohort study. Two perinatal centres in Melbourne, Australia. Infants born at ≥ 35+0 weeks’ gestation with a first-line paediatric doctor requested to attend. Clinical instability defined as any one of heart rate < 100 beats per minute for ≥ 20 s in the first 10 min after birth, maximum fraction of inspired oxygen of ≥ 0.70 in the first 10 min after birth, 5-min Apgar score of < 7, intubated in the delivery room or admitted to the neonatal unit for respiratory support. Four hundred and seventy-three infants were included. The median (IQR) gestational age at birth was 39+4 (38+4—40+4) weeks. Eighty (17%) infants met the criteria for clinical instability. Independent risk factors for clinical instability were labour without oxytocin administration, presence of a medical pregnancy complication, difficult extraction at birth and unplanned caesarean section in labour. Decision tree analysis determined that infants at highest risk were those whose mothers did not receive oxytocin during labour (25% risk). Infants at lowest risk were those whose mothers received oxytocin during labour and did not have a medical pregnancy complication (7% risk).Conclusions: We identified characteristics associated with clinical instability that may be useful in alerting less experienced clinicians to call for senior assistance early. The decision trees provide intuitive visual aids but require prospective validation.

What is Known:

• First-line clinicians attending at-risk births may need to call senior colleagues for assistance depending on the infant’s condition.• Delays in effectively supporting a compromised infant at birth is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and infant-mother separation.

What is New:

• This study identifies risk factors for delivery room clinical instability in at-risk infants born at ≥ 35+0 weeks’ gestation.• The decision trees presented provide intuitive visual tools to aid in determining the need for senior paediatric presence.