bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireless Temperature Measurement Validation Method for PCR Machines by Magnetic Hall-Effect Sensor
Authors: Agmal Swivano , Prakosa Jalu Ahmad , Wismogroho Agus Sukarto 
Published: September 2022

The temperature validation controlled by temperature indication has a vital role in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test machine or thermal cycler. However, the validation process is complicated for several types of thermal cycler. Some PCR test machines must close the lid tightly while running. It makes the probe’s cable of the temperature sensor might be pinched or break when the thermal cycler lid is closed. Opening the lid (open-air condition) makes the measurement will not accurate. To solve this problem, wireless temperature measurement and validation methods for PCR machines are developed based on magnetic field measurements. The magnetic field of the object will respond to any changes in temperature. The hall-effect sensor, which is validated by gauss meter, detects any magnetic response a certain material covers even the object. This detection yields output data processed to find the thermal cycler's appropriate temperature wireless validation method. The experiment used a Neodymium magnet as a wireless probe. The position of the Neodymium magnet pole significantly affected the relation between magnetic flux and temperature in experimental results. The reversed pole toward sensors had better linearity (R2= 0.8062) than the unreversed pole (R2= 0.7794). The annealing step commonly achieved the optimum measurement uncertainty. However, the measurement uncertainty and signal sensitivity investigation recommended employing the beneficial combination of pole magnet position to design the temperature validator based on magnetic induction for a closed lid thermal cycler (PCR machine). Overall, the experimental yields can be used to build a wireless temperature validator for a sealed PCR machine based on magnetic induction.
Parents’ perception on grade 5 students’ learning activity using WhatsApp
Authors: Sukmayanti Dina Intan 
Published: September 2022

Background: Various educational applications have been provided by the government that can be accessed and used by teachers or students as support for the online learning process. Most of the educators in elementary schools only use the WhatsApp group application.
Purpose: This study aims to determine how parents respond to online learning through Whatsapp groups during the pandemic.
Design and methods: This study uses a narrative analysis method with a qualitative approach. The population of this study were 20 parents of grade 5 students at SDN Tajur 01. The data were collected through indirect interviews in the form of a digital questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp. To find out the validity of the information from the questionnaire results, it was analyzed then summarized and arranged regularly. The questionnaire information is considered legal because it comes from the parents of elementary school students.
Results: The results of this study reveal the responses of parents, namely: 1) The majority of parents of grade 5 students said that it was true that teachers only used the WhatsApp application as an online learning medium in elementary schools; 2) The learning process via WhatsApp group starts every morning by providing learning materials and certain assignments through audio, voice and text according to the learning schedule; 3) The rarely detailed video explanation of the lesson given by the teacher causes the child to have difficulty understanding the subject matter; 4) Through WhatsApp groups, which are felt to quickly bore children studying at home; 5) The activeness of children in online learning can be seen by always working on assignments via the WhatsApp group. This research includes only one school in Citeureup. The use of the WhatsApp application as a learning medium for teachers and students should be re-evaluated.
Range Expansion of Catha edulis: Implications on Plant Communities in Upland Zimbabwe
Authors: Ngarakana Evelyn , Zimudzi Clemence , Kativu Shakkie , Stedje Brita 
Published: September 2022

Invasive plants have had significant impacts on vegetation communities of Zimbabwe. A study was undertaken to determine current and potential distribution of C. edulis in Zimbabwe using DIVA GIS and MAXENT, and to determine climatic conditions under which the species thrives, together with. The species population structure and its impact on native species. Results indicate that the species has its highest occurrence frequency in Manicaland Province, followed by Matebeleland South Province. Some 13% occurrence points were recorded at an altitude less than 600 m, 21% at an altitude ranging from 600–999 m, 43% at an altitude between 1000 and 1399 m and 23% at an altitude above 1400 m. C. edulis was recorded in areas of maximum temperature range of 34°C and a minimum of 20°C. The species also occurred in regions with a mean precipitation range as low as 60–300 mm and as high as 1000–1261 mm. Further, C. edulis distribution is predicted to expand in the Eastern Highlands (Manicaland), parts of Mazowe and Bindura (Mashonaland Central Province) and parts of Matobo (Matebelaland South Province). Diameter class distributions showed an inverse J-distribution in control sites and in all three sampled sections. An irregular bell-shaped distribution was recorded for co-occurring species on C. edulis occupied sites. It was concluded that C. edulis’ regeneration potential is high and that of competing native species is unstable and has the potential to expand beyond the currently occupied sites.
Molecular and behavioral studies reveal differences in olfaction between winter and summer morphs of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Schwanitz Timothy W. , Polashock James J. , Stockton Dara G. , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar , Sotomayor Diego , Loeb Greg , Hawkings Chloe 
Published: September 2022

Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a major economic pest of several fruit crops in Europe, North and South America, and other parts of the world because it oviposits in ripening thin-skinned fruits. This vinegar fly exhibits two distinct morphotypes: a summer and a winter morph. Although adaptations associated with the winter morph enhance this invasive pest’s capacity to survive in cold climates, winter is still a natural population bottleneck. Since monitoring early spring populations is important for accurate population forecasts, understanding the winter morph’s response to olfactory cues may improve current D. suzukii management programs. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to assess gene expression differences between the female heads of the two D. suzukii morphs, which showed significant differences in 738 genes (p ≤ 0.0001). Out of twelve genes related to olfaction determined to be differentially expressed in the transcriptome, i.e., those related to location of food sources, chemosensory abilities, and mating behavior, nine genes were upregulated in the winter morph while three were downregulated. Three candidate olfactory-related genes that were most upregulated or downregulated in the winter morph were further validated using RT-qPCR. In addition, behavioral assays were performed at a range of temperatures to confirm a differing behavioral response of the two morphs to food odors. Our behavioral assays showed that, although winter morphs were more active at lower temperatures, the summer morphs were generally more attracted to food odors. This study provides new insights into the molecular and behavioral differences in response to olfactory cues between the two D. suzukii morphs that will assist in formulating more effective monitoring and physiological-based control tools.
Sophocarpine inhibits tumor progression by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Weng Min , Shi Chenghao , Han Hui , Zhu Hengyue , Xiao Yanyi , Guo Hangcheng , Yu Zhixian , Wu Cunzao 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of sophocarpine on the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods
DU145 and PC3 cells (two CRPC cell lines), incubated with different concentrations of sophocarpine, were used. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, real-time cellular analysis, and colony formation assay were conducted to evaluate the proliferation of CRPC cells. Cytometry flow analysis was performed to evaluate the apoptosis rate of CRPC cells. Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were performed and the levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were determined to analyze cell migration and invasion abilities. A xenografted tumor model of nude mice was used to examine the anti-cancer effect of sophocarpine on CRPC. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the activities of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway both in cells and tumor tissues.

Results
In vitro tests showed that sophocarpine suppressed the proliferation of CRPC cells, reduced the migration and invasion abilities, and increased the apoptosis rate. In vivo, sophocarpine decreased the weight and volume of tumor tissues. Mechanically, sophocarpine exerted its anti-cancer effects by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Conclusion
Sophocarpine inhibited the progression of CRPC by downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and showed a potential to be an anti-cancer agent against CRPC.
A voz em “porte (a) faux”: uma nota desafinada do olhar
Authors: Gillie Claire , Mattos-Avril Renata 
Published: September 2022

A voz do neurótico caminha em porte-à-faux na corda bamba do sintoma. O psicótico, por sua vez, se acoplará ao chamado do Outro e as vozes alucinadas deste, ele as tornará suas. Entre o neurótico e seu objeto a, a punção da fantasia. Entre o psicótico e seu objeto a, um punho-som que, através da alucinação, esmaga o objeto a em seu bolso. Tanto para o neurótico quanto para o psicótico, a relação com o objeto o faz avançar tal qual um equilibrista em porte-à-faux, que escreveremos doravante como porte(a)faux. Corpo herético a ele mesmo e à cultura, o que ele dá a ouvir deste real da voz?
Permitimo-nos aprender com a personagem de Marguerite, Diva de pacotilha cantando magistralmente desafinado, e nos interrogamos sobre este ponto de suporte que ela busca no olhar do outro, até recolocar sua voz no caminho da afinação, o que nos lembra o que Lacan diz no seminário O Sinthoma: “Em que a arte, o artesanato, pode desfazer, se assim posso dizer, o que se impõe do sintoma? A saber, a verdade”.
Ultrasonographic appearance of fallopian tube carcinoma
Authors: Ekici E. , Vicdan K. , Danisman N. , Soysal M. Emin , Çobanoǧlu Ö. , Gökmen O. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreoperative diagnosis of tubal carcinoma is difficult and a diagnosis cannot usually be established until the time of operation. However, since prognosis is strictly related to the stage of the neoplasm, it is very important to be familiar with the clinical and imaging characteristics of primary fallopian tube carcinoma in order to make an early and accurate diagnosis. This report presents the ultrasonographic features of three cases of fallopian tube carcinoma and reviews the literature on the subject.
Menopausal genuine stress urinary incontinence treated with conjugated estrogens plus progestogens
Authors: Sartori M.G.F. , Baracat E.C. , Girão M.J.B.C. , Gonçalves W.J. , Sartori J.P. , de Lima G. Rodrigues 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to investigate clinically and urodynamically the effects of hormonal replacement in the treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal females. Methods: Clinical and urodynamic variables of 30 postmenopausal women with genuine stress urinary incontinence were evaluated after 3 months' treatment with conjugated estrogens plus progestogens. Urodynamic evaluations were performed in all patients before and after treatment. Results: Forty‐six percent of the patients treated medically were judged to be cured and 43% were judged to be markedly improved. Maximum urethral closure pressure, maximum cystometric capacity and mean flow were significantly increased. Residual urine and diurnal and nocturnal voluntary micturition were markedly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that hormone replacement in the form of conjugated estrogens plus progestogens results in the clinical and urodynamic improvement of genuine stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.
Closed‐end funds and sentiment risk
Authors: Severn Alan K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIrradional noise traders earn high returns for bearing risk that they themselves create. Diversifying across closed‐end funds does little to reduce this risk, because discounts are correlated across funds. But diversification between closed‐end funds and large‐cap stocks does reduce this risk, especially when markets are not subject to major shocks: a combination of closed‐end funds and large‐cap stocks has lower risk than either one alone. To the extent that fund shares and large‐cap stocks are partially segmented markets, large‐cap stocks thus provide some protection against the sentiment risk created by noise traders. This paper estimates the amount of large‐cap stocks needed in tax‐deferred portfolios, under various amounts of market‐wide risk, and ways of measuring it.
Production of Extracellular Protease from Crude Substrates with Dregs in an External‐Loop Airlift Bioreactor with Lower Ratio of Height to Diameter
Authors: Yuguo Zheng , Zhao Wang , Xiaolong Chen , Chunhua Zhang 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBacillus subtilis AS1.398 was cultivated in a 11.5‐L total volume external‐loop airlift bioreactor with a low height‐to‐diameter ratio of 2.9 and a riser‐to‐downcomer diameter ratio of 6.6 for the production of protease from crude substrates with dregs. The influence of aeration rate, liquid volume, and sparger hole diameter on protease production was investigated. An average of 8197 u/mL protease activity was obtained after a total fermentation time of 32 h in the external‐loop airlift bioreactor with a liquid volume of 8.5 L, air flow rate of 1.5 vvm, and sparger hole diameter of 1.5 mm. The addition of one stainless steel sieve plate in the riser of the airlift bioreactor increased productivity of protease. After 32 h of fermentation, an average of 8718 u/mL protease activity was achieved in the external‐loop airlift bioreactor with one sieve plate and an air flow rate of 1.2 vvm, liquid volume of 8.5 L, and gas sparger hole diameter of 1.5 mm. This was 9.0% higher than the typical averages of about 8000 u/mL protease activity in the mechanically stirred tank bioreactors of the enzyme factory using the same microorganism. It is possible to make a scale‐up of the external‐loop airlift bioreactor and feasible to operate it for production of protease from crude substrate with dregs.
Growth and Induction Kinetics of Inducible and Autoinducible Expression of Heterologous Protein in Suspension Cultures of Recombinant Mouse L Cell Lines
Authors: Gu Man Bock , Todd Paul , Kompala Dhinakar S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMouse Ltk− cells were transfected with four different plasmids for autoinducible and highly‐inducible expression of the bacterial lacZ gene and cultivated in suspension. Two selection genes, thymidine kinase (tk) and neomycin resistance (neor), were used to select the clones in both cell lines. The resulting two cell lines, designated M4 and R2, differ in that the inducible MMTV promoter from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) controls glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene and lacZ gene expression in the M4 cell line (“autoinducible”), while the constitutive rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter controls gr gene expression and the MMTV promoter controls lacZ gene expression in the R2 cell line (“highly‐inducible”). Both cell lines were stable with respect to reproducibility of growth rate in spinner flasks and inducibility of β‐galactosidase expression. The exponential growth rate of R2 cells was slower than that of M4 cells before induction because the R2 cell line continuously expressed gr genes under the constitutive RSV promoter, and the percent reduction of exponential growth rate mainly caused by gr gene expression was about 20%. The inducibility of the M4 cell line was greater than that of the R2 cell line because in the M4 cell line MMTV promoter controlled gr and lacZ gene expression autoinducibly. Maximum induction of the M4 cell line occurred after induction with the hormone dexamethasone (Dex) at 10−7 M, and the final β‐galactosidase content increased 400‐fold after induction. The optimum conditions for inducer concentration and induction time were determined, and the highest production of β‐galactosidase occurred when Dex was added after the cell concentration had reached its maximum in batch culture. Dex (10−9 M) is a critical inducer concentration in view of inducibility between M4 and R2 cell lines. The inducibility of R2 cell line is higher than that of the M4 cell line from 0 to 10−9 M Dex, but the inducibility of M4 was higher than that of the R2 cell line at Dex concentrations of more than 10−9 M.
Biosynthetic Burden and Plasmid Burden Limit Expression of Chromosomally Integrated Heterologous Genes (pdc,adhB) in Escherichiacoli
Authors: Martinez Alfredo , York Sean W. , Yomano Lorraine P. , Pineda Van L. , Davis Francis C. , Shelton John C. , Ingram Lonnie O. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have shown an unexpectedly high nutrient requirement for efficient ethanol production by ethanologenic recombinants of Escherichia coli B such as LY01 which contain chromosomally integrated Zymomonas mobilis genes (pdc,adhB) encoding the ethanol pathway. The basis for this requirement has been identified as a media‐dependent effect on the expression of theZ. mobilis genes rather than a nutritional limitation. Ethanol production was substantially increased without additional nutrients simply by increasing the level of pyruvate decarboxylase activity. This was accomplished by adding a multicopy plasmid containing pdc alone (but not adhB alone) to strain LY01, and by adding multicopy plasmids which express pdc and adhB from strong promoters. New strong promoters were isolated from random fragments of Z. mobilis DNA and characterized but were not used to construct integrated biocatalysts. These promoters contained regions resembling recognition sites for 3 different E. coli sigma factors: σ70, σ38, and σ28. The most effective plasmid‐based promoters for fermentation were recognized by multiple sigma factors, expressed both pdc and adhB at high levels, and produced ethanol efficiently while allowing up to 80% reduction in complex nutrients as compared to LY01. The ability to utilize multiple sigma factors may be advantageous to maintain the high levels of PDC and ADH needed for efficient ethanol production throughout batch fermentation. From this work, we propose that the activation of biosynthetic genes in nutrient‐poor media creates a biosynthetic burden that reduces the expression of chromosomal pdc and adhB by competing for transcriptional and translational machinery. This reduced expression can be viewed as analogous to the effect of plasmids (plasmid burden) on the expression of native chromosomal genes.
Epitope mapping of the O‐chain polysaccharide of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 lipopolysaccharide  by saturation‐transfer‐difference NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kooistra Oliver , Herfurth Lars , Lüneberg Edeltraud , Frosch Matthias , Peters Thomas , Zähringer Ulrich 
Published: July 2002

Two modifications of 5‐acetimidoylamino‐7‐acetamido‐3,5,7,9‐tetradeoxy‐d‐glycero‐d‐galacto‐non‐2‐ulosonic acid (5‐N‐acetimidoyl‐7‐N‐acetyllegionaminic acid) in the O‐chain polysaccharide (OPS) of the Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concern N‐methylation of the 5‐N‐acetimidoyl group in legionaminic acid. Both N‐methylated substituents, the (N,N‐dimethylacetimidoyl)	amino and acetimidoyl(N‐methyl)amino group, could be allocated to one single legionaminic acid residue in the long‐ and middle‐chain OPS, respectively. Using mutants devoid of N‐methylated legionaminic acid derivatives, it could be shown that N‐methylation of legionaminic acid correlated with the expression of the mAb 2625 epitope. In the present study we investigated the binding of the LPS‐specific monoclonal antibody mAb 2625 to isolated OPS with surface‐plasmon‐resonance biomolecular interaction analysis and saturation‐transfer‐difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy in order to map the mAb 2625 epitope on a molecular level. It could be demonstrated that the binding affinity of the N‐methylated legionaminic acid derivatives was independent from the size of the isolated OPS molecular species. In addition, STD NMR spectroscopic studies with polysaccharide ligands with an average molecular mass of up to 14 kDa revealed that binding was mainly mediated via the N‐methylated acetimidoylamino group and via the closely located 7‐N‐acetyl group of the respective legionaminic acid residue, thus indicating these derivatives to represent the major epitope of mAb 2625.
Anthropogenic change in subtropical dry forest during a century of settlement in Jaiquí Picado, Santiago Province, Dominican Republic
Authors: Roth Linda C. 
Published: July 2002

Summary AimThe dry forests of the tropics have received little scholarly attention relative to their significance and their rate of disappearance. This study aimed to characterize the structure and composition of two intermingled Antillean subtropical dry forest types and shed light upon their origins, development, and possible future conditions. LocationJaiquí Picado, Santiago Province, Dominican Republic (19° 26′ N, 70° 54′ W). MethodsBiophysical data from quadrat sampling of vegetation, soils, and site characteristics were subjected to cluster analysis, means comparisons, discriminant analysis, and linear regression. Extensive interviews with local land users provided information on early forests as well as present and historical land use practices. ResultsSpatial patterning of the area's two main forest types relates closely to past land use but not to any observed differences in the physical characteristics of their sites. ‘Old‐growth’ stands found on land never placed in cultivation resemble the forests encountered by late‐nineteenth‐century settlers of the area in their wealth of woody plant taxa and relative abundance of endemic and other native species. In the ‘scrub’ stands growing on land abandoned from grazing, fully 70% of stems belong to one native (Acacia macracantha Willd.) and two exotic (Haematoxylon campechianum L. and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.) woody legumes that contribute to the markedly greater representation of deciduous and thorn‐bearing individuals in this type. The two forest types do not differ significantly in average bole dimensions, but the canopies of scrub stands are concentrated in a narrower layer, their understories are more open, and they contain more multiple stems of apparent sprout origin. A chronosequence of scrub stands covering a range in age of three decades indicates a moderate increment in species diversity over time and gradual disappearance of some of the more abundant invasive shrubs; but such stands continue to be dominated throughout this period by the same three scrub trees, while most species characteristic of old‐growth forests, including many of the least abundant, fail to appear among the regeneration in their understories. Main conclusionsAntillean forests classified as thorn scrub may include a form of ‘disclimax’ created through past land use activities in areas once bearing more diverse tropical dry forest. Whether they will ever develop into stands similar to the previous forests is uncertain, given the present state of fragmentation and other processes taking place within these ecosystems.