bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar day syndrome: differences in growth, photosynthetic traits and sink-size patterns between northern and southern Finnish silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) provenances in native and non-native photoperiods
Authors: Tenkanen Antti , Keinänen Markku , Oksanen Elina , Keski-Saari Sarita , Kontunen-Soppela Sari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuous light (CL) is available throughout the polar day for plants in the Arctic during the growing season, whereas provenances of the same species experience a very different environment with non-CL (NCL) just a few latitudes to the south. Both provenances need to acclimate to climate warming, yet we lack comprehensive understanding of how their growth, photosynthesis and leaf traits differ. Further, the provenances presumably have morphological and physiological adaptations to their native environments and therefore differ in response to photoperiod. We tested the height growth, leaf longevity, biomass accumulation, biomass allocation and rates of gas exchange of northern (67°N) and southern (61°N) Finnish silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) origins in CL- and NCL-treatments in a 4-month chamber experiment. Irrespective of photoperiod, 67°N had higher area-based photosynthetic rate (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs) and relative height growth rate (RGR), but lower stomatal density and fewer branches and leaves than 61°N. Photoperiod affected height growth cessation, biomass and photosynthetic traits, whereas leaf longevity and many leaf functional traits remained unchanged. In CL, both provenances had lower gs, higher RGR, increased shoot:root ratio and increased sink sizes (more branching, more leaves, increased total plant dry weight) compared with NCL. In NCL, 67°N ceased height growth earlier than in CL, which altered biomass accumulation and distribution patterns. Northern conditions impose challenges for plant growth and physiology. Whether a provenance inhabits and is adapted to an area with or without CL can also affect its response to the changing climate. Northern birches may have adapted to CL and the short growing season with a ‘polar day syndrome’ of traits, including relatively high gas exchange rates with low leaf biomass and growth traits that are mainly limited by the environment and the earlier growth cessation (to avoid frost damage).
A unit pipe pneumatic model to simulate gas kinetics during measurements of embolism in excised angiosperm xylem
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Pereira Luciano , Peng Guoquan , Ribeiro Rafael V , Kaack Lucian , Jansen Steven , Tyree Melvin T 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe pneumatic method has been introduced to quantify embolism resistance in plant xylem of various organs by applying a partial vacuum to cut-open xylem. Despite the similarity in vulnerability curves between the pneumatic and other methods, a modeling approach is needed to investigate if changes in xylem embolism during dehydration can be accurately quantified based on gas diffusion kinetics. Therefore, a unit pipe pneumatic (UPPn) model was developed to estimate gas extraction from intact conduits, which were axially interconnected by inter-conduit pit membranes to cut-open conduits. The physical laws used included Fick’s law for diffusion, Henry’s law for gas concentration partitioning between liquid and gas phases at equilibrium and the ideal gas law. The UPPn model showed that 91% of the extracted gas came from the first five series of embolized, intact conduits and only 9% from the aqueous phase after 15 s of simulation. Considering alternative gas sources, embolism resistance measured with a pneumatron device was systematically overestimated by 2–17%, which corresponded to a typical measuring error of 0.11 MPa for P50 (the water potential equivalent to 50% of the maximum amount of gas extracted). It is concluded that pneumatic vulnerability curves directly measure embolism of intact conduits due to the fast movement of gas across interconduit pit membranes, while gas extraction from sap and diffusion across hydrated cell walls is about 100 times slower. We expect that the UPPn model will also contribute to the understanding of embolism propagation based on temporal gas dynamics.
Clinico-Laboratory Profile, Intensive Care Needs and Short-Term Outcome of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): Experience during First and Second Waves from North India
Authors: Angurana Suresh Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Nallasamy Karthi , Kumar Manoj Rohit , Naganur Sanjeev , Kumar Mahendra , Goyal Kapil , Ghosh Arnab , Bansal Arun , Jayashree Muralidharan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the clinico-laboratory profile, intensive care needs and outcome of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the first and second waves.

Methodology
This retrospective study was conducted in the paediatric emergency and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India involving 122 children with MIS-C admitted during the first wave (September 2020–January 2021, n = 40) and second wave (February 2021–September 2021, n = 82) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Results
The median (interquartile range) age was 7 (4–10) years and 67% were boys. Common manifestations included fever (99%), abdominal symptoms (81%), rash (66%) and conjunctival injection (65%). Elevated C-reactive protein (97%), D-dimer (89%), procalcitonin (80%), IL-6 (78%), ferritin (56%), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (84%) and positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody (81%) were common laboratory abnormalities. Cardiovascular manifestations included myocardial dysfunction (55%), shock (48%) and coronary artery changes (10%). The treatment included intensive care support (57%), non-invasive (33%) and invasive (18%) ventilation, vasoactive drugs (47%), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (83%), steroids (85%) and aspirin (87%). The mortality was 5% (n = 6). During the second wave, a significantly higher proportion had positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody, contact with COVID-19 and oral mucosal changes; lower markers of inflammation; lower proportion had lymphopenia, elevated IL-6 and ferritin; lower rates of shock, myocardial dysfunction and coronary artery changes; lesser need of PICU admission, fluid boluses, vasoactive drugs and IVIG; and shorter hospital stay.

Conclusion
MIS-C is a febrile multisystemic disease characterized by hyperinflammation, cardiovascular involvement, temporal relationship to SARS-CoV-2 and good outcome with immunomodulation and intensive care. During the second wave, the severity of illness, degree of inflammation, intensive care needs, and requirement of immunomodulation were less as compared to the first wave.
Lack of Experience is a Main Cause of Maternal Death in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Patients
Authors: Nieto-Calvache A.J. , Palacios-Jaraquemada J.M. , Osanan G. , Cortes-Charry R. , Aryananda R.A. , Bangal V.B. , Slaoui A. , Abbas A.M. , Akaba G.O. , Joshua Z.N. , Vergara Galliadi L.M. , Nieto-Calvache A.S. , Sanín-Blair J.E. , Burgos-Luna J.M. ,   Latin American Group for the Study of Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Published: September 2022

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100:1445–1453)
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) often causes massive bleeding and has a mortality as high as 7%. While specific factors related to risk for maternal deaths due to PAS have not been sufficiently identified, few reports describe the contribution of inexperienced surgeons, underestimation of blood loss, and delays in transfusions. Although publications recommend that women affected by PAS receive attention in hospitals with teams trained in treatment of PAS, it is difficult to identify this type of hospital in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Even hospitals with personnel from multiple specialties may not ensure favorable outcomes as few are trained in the specific diagnosis and surgical treatment of PAS and inexperience is identified as a frequent contributing factor to maternal deaths associated with PAS. This report investigated PAS-associated causes of maternal death and challenges related to diagnosis and treatment.
Hydrocortisone to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Not a Silver Bullet
Authors: Greenough A. 
Published: September 2022

(N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1181–1183)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most widely prevalent condition (75% worldwide) experienced by infants born <28 weeks gestation. In patients with a history of BPD, supplemental oxygen is often required at home and respiratory function may be impaired into adulthood. Reducing the incidence of BPD with associated oxygen requirements is a primary outcome targeted in trials for interventions, but other more significant related outcomes that may have higher impact. Nevertheless, survival without BPD continues to be a targeted outcome in large randomized controlled trials.
Mini-open Anterior Pelvic Osteotomy and Spica Casting for Primary Closure of the Pelvis in Infants With Classic Bladder Exstrophy
Authors: Abol Oyoun Nariman , Hassanein Mohamed Y. , Abdelhady Mohamed M. , Hammouda Hisham M. , Khaled Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of mini-open Salter-like anterior pelvic osteotomy followed by spica casting as an adjunct to urological reconstruction in infants with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE).

Methods:
Twenty-eight infants with CBE were operated upon according to the following protocol: initial bilateral mini-open Salter-like osteotomies followed by urological reconstruction and subsequent spica casting for 3 to 4 weeks. Postoperative clinical and radiologic assessments of wound complications and union were done, respectively. During subsequent follow-ups, the foot progression angle (FPA), the interpubic (IP) distance, interischial (IS) distance, and the IS/IP ratio were measured. The Pearson correlation was used to correlate between age at the time of last follow-up, the FPA, the IP and IS distances, and the IS/IP ratio.

Results:
The mean age at the time of operation was 5.89±0.89 months. The operative procedure took 10 to 15 minutes (mean of 12.5±1.5 min) for each side and the blood loss was negligible. Tension-free complete approximation of the symphysis was achieved in all cases. No wound complications were reported in any case. The total duration of the cast was 3.07±0.14 weeks. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.78±3.09 years. Strong positive correlation was found between the IP and IS distances (r=0.833, P<0.0001) as well as the IS distance and age (r=0.455, P=0.015).

Conclusion:
Mini-open anterior pelvic osteotomy and spica casting may provide a minimally invasive and effective option for closure of the pelvis in infants with CBE.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Faith Community Nurses Key to Promoting Health in At-Risk Communities
Authors: Shannon Crystal , Dwyre Christina , Grafton Kelley 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:
An integrative literature review was conducted to identify recommendations to implement culturally congruent and spiritually connected approaches to health promotion in at-risk faith communities. Five themes emerged from an analysis of 48 articles meeting criteria for the review. Review results repeatedly highlighted the impact nurses—more specifically faith community nurses (FCNs)—can have on at-risk population outcomes and bridging the gap between minority communities and the healthcare establishment. Five recommended action steps provide program guidance to FCNs for promoting faith-based health in at-risk minority communities.
Treatment of diabetic foot during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Yan Jingui , Xiao Yiqing , Cao Rui , Su Yipeng , Wu Dan , Wang Yanjin 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In the context of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people have had to stay at home more and make fewer trips to the hospital. Furthermore, hospitals give priority to the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These factors are not conducive to the treatment of diabetic foot, and even increase the risk of amputation. Therefore, how to better treat patients with diabetic foot during the COVID-19 epidemic, prevent further aggravation of the disease and reduce the risk of amputation in patients with diabetic foot has become an urgent problem for doctors around the world.

Methods:
The researchers searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Embase database. The retrieval time was set from the database establishment to October 2021. All studies on treatment of diabetic foot in the COVID-19 pandemic were included in our study.

Results:
A total of 6 studies were included in this study. In the 6 protocols for treating patients with diabetic foot, the researchers classified patients according to the condition of their diabetic foot. Diabetic foot patients with general conditions received treatment at home, and doctors can guide the wound dressing change and medication treatment of patients through telemedicine. Patients with severe conditions of diabetic foot were admitted to hospital for treatment. Patients were screened for COVID-19 before hospitalization, those infected or suspected of COVID-19 were treated in isolation, and those not infected with COVID-19 were treated in a general ward.

Conclusion:
Through this systematic review, we proposed a new protocol for the treatment of patients with diabetic foot in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It provided reference for the treatment of diabetic foot in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. However, the global applicability of the treatment protocol for diabetic foot in the context of COVID-19 epidemic proposed in this study needs further clinical testing.
Dual intracranial infection with Nocardia farcinica and Cryptococcus neoformans diagnosed by next-generation sequencing in a patient with nephrotic syndrome: A case report
Authors: Ma Hongmei , Wang Xiangbo , Yan Heli , Liu Qing , Yang Dan , Bian Tingting 
Published: September 2022

Rationale:
Intracranial infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Establishing a rapid, accurate diagnosis and a precise therapeutic regimen is crucial for management of the patients. Our report described a rare intracranial infection of patient with nephrotic syndrome.

Patient concerns:
A 66-year-old woman with a history of nephrotic syndrome presented symptoms in central nervous system for 1 month, followed by headache and fever over several days.

Diagnosis:
Neurological examination, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests exhibited resemblance to intracranial infection. Subsequently, CSF cultures confirmed the presence of Cryptococcus. Fortunately, next-generation sequencing revealed the concomitant infection with Nocardia farcinica in addition to Cryptococcus neoformans.

Interventions:
The treatment with intravenous fluconazole combined with amphotericin could not immediately ameliorate her symptoms. The patient’s condition improved significantly with minimal deficits after timely administration of antibiotics against N farcinica.

Outcomes:
One month later, cranial MRI indicated that basal ganglia lesions ameliorated. The patient has recovered well.

Lessons subsections:
To our best knowledge, this is the first case report of intracranial infection caused by both N farcinica and C neoformans in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. Remarkably, extensive application of next-generation sequencing can facilitate investigation on the potential role of various pathogenic organisms in infectious diseases.
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome with intrauterine growth restriction in a fetus: A case report
Authors: Wang Xuezhen , Sha Jing , Zhai Jingfang , Zhang Bei , Liu Min 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), a genetic syndrome caused by deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p), is clinically characterized by “Greek warrior helmet” facial appearance, growth retardation, intellectual disability, seizures, skeletal anomalies, congenital cardiovascular defects, and other systemic defects. The severity of the WHS phenotype is related to the size of the missing 4p terminal fragment. In this article, we report and analyze a case of atypical WHS manifestations that revealed a 21-Mb deletion of the 4p terminal fragment in prenatal amniotic fluid examination by copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq).

Patient concerns:
In our case, the fetal ultrasound results presented with intrauterine growth restriction and ocular hypertelorism and were characterized by atypical manifestations such as persistent left superior vena cava, nuchal fold thickness, and extrahepatic portosystemic shunt at 21 + 6 weeks of gestational age.

Diagnosis:
A fetus with WHS was detected by noninvasive prenatal screening and further diagnosed by chromosome karyotype analysis and CNV-seq.

Interventions:
After genetic counseling, the couple opted to terminate her pregnancy.

Outcomes:
Cytogenetic examination of the fetus revealed karyotype 46,XX,del(4)(p15.3). The CNV results showed a 21-MB deletion at the 4p16.3-p15.31 locus.

Lessons:
The WHS phenotype is atypical in fetuses. Prenatal molecular genetic testing combined with ultrasound screening is an effective method for diagnosing fetal WHS and can help clinicians offer subsequent clinical genetic counseling, manage fetal WHS, and guide the next pregnancy.
Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine
Authors: Manu Peter , Rogozea Liliana M. , Dumitraşcu Dan L. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Advances in drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)] have contributed to a decrease in the severity of these chronic and disabling conditions.

Study Question:
What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of IBD in the past century?

Study Design:
To determine the changes in the experts' approach to the management of regional ileitis and UC, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States.

Data Sources:
The chapters presenting the management of IBD in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020.

Results:
No specific interventions existed from 1927 through 1942. The pharmacological management of IBD has had 3 slightly overlapping eras starting in 1943. During the first period (1943–1951), the medical management relied on antibiotics, primarily sulfonamides and chloramphenicol. In the second (1955–75), experts recommended the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylate. In the third era, which commenced in 1979 and is continuing to date, the pharmacological interventions have been expanded and refined to include 5 main drug classes, 5-aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine, mesalamine, and olsalazine), corticosteroids (prednisone and budesonide), immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and tofacitinib), biologics (infliximab adalimumab certolizumab pegol, and natalizumab), and antibiotics (metronidazole and ciprofloxacin). A consensus exists that the monoclonal antibodies again tumor necrosis factor alpha are cost-effective for induction and maintenance of clinical remission in both UC (golimumab) and Crohn disease (certolizumab pegol). The newer agents ustekinumab (a monoclonal antibody to the interleukin p40 subunit) and vedolizumab (a monoclonal antibody to the homing receptor integrin complex) have also performed well.

Conclusions:
The pharmacological management of IBD has been the focus of intense research and development in the past 60 years. The pillars of drug treatment have been 5-aminosalicylates and corticosteroids. Recent pharmacological innovations (immunomodulators and biologicals) constitute an encouraging paradigm shift in the treatment of UC and Crohn disease.
The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System An evidence-based framework to ensure older adults receive the highest quality care.
Authors: Emery-Tiburcio Erin E. , Mack Laurin , Zonsius Mary C. , Carbonell Ellen , Newman Michelle 
Published: September 2022

This article is the first in a new series, Supporting Family Caregivers in the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute and originally appearing in the American Journal of Nursing, Volume 121, Issue 11, as part of the ongoing Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone series. The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) is an evidence-based framework for assessing and acting on critical issues in the care of older adults across settings and transitions of care. Engaging the health care team, including older adults and their family caregivers, with the 4Ms framework can help to ensure that every older adult gets the best care possible, is not harmed by health care, and is satisfied with the care they receive.
The articles in this new series present considerations for implementing the 4Ms framework in the inpatient hospital setting and incorporating family caregivers in doing so. Resources for both nurses and family caregivers, including a series of accompanying videos developed by AARP and the Rush Center for Excellence in Aging and funded by the John A. Hartford Foundation, are also provided. Nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet—Guide to the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System for Family Caregivers—and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses. Cite this article as: Emery-Tiburcio, E.E., et al. The 4Ms of an Age-Friendly Health System. Am J Nurs 2021; 121(11): 44-49.
Increased Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men Taking Preexposure Prophylaxis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Qian , Liu Jingwei , Li Hao , Han Yan , Yin Yueping 
Published: September 2022

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a priority population for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We summarized the surveillance data from the studies of MSM taking PrEP versus before taking PrEP to investigate the possible increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Methods
Two researchers independently searched 5 databases from January 2012 to April 2022 to identify relevant studies reporting the incidence density of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia infection. Subgroup analyses based on the type and location of research were conducted. The publication bias was detected by Egger's publication bias plot.

Results
Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of incidence density of syphilis was 9.53 per 100 person-years (PY), whereas 36.48 per 100 PY for chlamydial infection and 34.79 per 100 PY for gonorrhea, higher than the MSM before taking PrEP. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the incidence density tended to be lower in prospective studies than in retrospective studies and lower in North American studies than in other regions' studies.

Conclusions
The high incidence of STIs in the MSM taking PrEP needs to be increasingly appreciated, and more effective prevention method for STIs is valuable among MSM alongside HIV prevention uptake.