bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action‐project method: An approach to describing and studying goal‐oriented joint actions
Authors: Shankar Sneha , Young Richard A. , Young Meredith E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContextPracticing health professionals and educators frequently act together in an interdependent or joint capacity to reach goals. Teaching or learning a new skill or engaging with patients in shared decision‐making exemplifies this joint and goal‐directed nature of Health Professions Education (HPE) and practice. However, building a robust understanding of the complexity of action, and joint action in particular, in HPE or patient care remains a challenge because of a limited number of methodologies available within HPE research.MethodsIn this manuscript, we describe the Action‐Project Method (A‐PM) as a qualitative research approach that can be used to describe and understand goal‐directed joint actions. A‐PM is grounded in contextual action theory and is a methodology focussed on action as an object of study, as it is occurring. A‐PM uses three distinct perspectives to understand goal‐directed joint actions: observable behaviour, internal processes (i.e. reported thoughts and feelings) and the social meaning reflected in goals. Data collection in A‐PM involves observations, interviews, recording of actions and a self‐confrontation procedure—where participants watch video‐recorded segments of action and reflect on their internal processes, describing what they were thinking or feeling as they were completing the action. Together, the rich data generated and the layered approach to analysis provide a means to better understand the joint actions embedded in complex systems and collaborative work. Furthermore, the participants are treated as equal partners within A‐PM, ensuring data equity even when the research context includes hierarchical relationships.DiscussionGiven increasing recognition to the importance of teamwork, relationships, interdependence, complex environments and centring patient or learner voices, A‐PM is a valuable research approach for HPE. A‐PM deepens our research arsenal with an approach that focusses on interdependent dyads or teams and provides a deeper understanding for how individuals engage together in goal‐oriented actions.
Association of nighttime sleep with behaviors in Japanese early childhood
Authors: Yamauchi Yusuke , Takao Soshi , Matsumoto Naomi , Yorifuji Takashi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreschool children in Asian countries, including Japan, sleep for a shorter duration at night than those in Europe and the USA. We examined the effects of the nighttime sleep duration on behavioral development in early childhood in Japan.MethodsWe used data from a large Japanese nationwide, population‐based, longitudinal survey that began in 2001. We restricted the study participants to children born after 37 gestational weeks, with a birth weight ≥ 2500 g and singleton births (n = 41 890). The nighttime sleep duration was examined at 2.5 years old. Responses to survey questions regarding age‐appropriate behavior at 5.5 years old were used as indicators of behavioral development. We conducted logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounding factors, with ≥11 h of nighttime sleep as the reference group.ResultsThe odds ratios for children who had ≤9 h of nighttime sleep, which was associated with being unable to listen with fidgeting and being unable to remain patient, were 1.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.39) and 1.27 (1.16–1.38), respectively. Children who had an irregular nighttime sleep duration were associated with age‐appropriate behavioral inabilities. These results were similar in children who usually and sometimes took naps to those before stratification by the frequency of napping.ConclusionA short nighttime sleep duration especially affects hyperactivity and impulsivity. An irregular nighttime sleep duration increases the inability to perform overall age‐appropriate behaviors more than a short sleep duration. Ensuring a regular and sufficient nighttime sleep duration in early childhood is important for healthy behavioral development.
Long‐term outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation using organ donation after circulatory death: Comparison between full and reduced grafts
Authors: Alnagar Amr , Mirza Darius F. , Muiesan Paolo , G. P. Ong Evelyn , Gupte Girish , Van Mourik Indra , Hartley Jane , Kelly Deirdre , Lloyd Carla , Perera Thamara P. R. , Sharif Khalid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe shortage of donors' livers for pediatric recipients inspired the search for alternatives including donation after cardiac death (DCD).MethodsRetrospective review of pediatric liver transplant (PLT) using DCD grafts. Patients were divided into either FLG or RLG recipients. Pre‐transplant recipient parameters, donor parameters, operative parameters, post‐transplant recipient parameters, and outcomes were compared.ResultsOverall, 14 PLTs from DCD donors between 2005 and 2018 were identified; 9 FLG and 5 RLG. All donors were Maastricht category III. Cold ischemia time was significantly longer in RLG (8.2 h vs. 6.2 h; p = .038). Recipients of FLG were significantly older (180 months vs. 7 months; p = .012) and waited significantly longer (168 days vs. 22 days; p = .012). Recipients of RLG tended to be sicker in the immediate pre‐transplant period and this was reflected by the need for respiratory or renal support. There was no significant difference between groups regarding long‐term complications. Three patients in each group survived more than 5 year post‐transplant. One child was re‐transplanted in the RLG due to portal vein thrombosis but failed to survive after re‐transplant. One child from FLG also died from a non‐graft‐related cause.ConclusionsSelected DCD grafts are an untapped source to widen the donor pool, especially for sick recipients. In absence of agreed criteria, graft and recipient selection for DCD grafts should be undertaken with caution.
Metronidazole for treatment of norovirus in pediatric transplant recipients
Authors: Soneji Maulin , Newman Alexander M. , Toia Jacquie , Muller William J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNorovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. In transplant recipients, it can lead to prolonged shedding and chronic diarrhea. Treatment with nitazoxanide, oral immunoglobulin, or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors has shown varying degrees of benefit in case reports and case series. Prior studies have shown that the commensal gastrointestinal bacterial flora may influence the pathogenesis of norovirus infection. Metronidazole is often used to modulate gastrointestinal flora and was trialed in our hospital for norovirus in some immunocompromised patients after observing an association with anecdotal improvement.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed episodes of norovirus in the stool of 38 patients with a history of solid organ or stem cell transplantation between July 2014 and March 2019.ResultsThere were 85 positive norovirus tests among the 38 patients. In 25 of the 85 positive norovirus tests, nitazoxanide was given, with clinical improvement in 15 of these episodes (60%). Eight positive tests were treated with metronidazole alone, in all cases after a course of nitazoxanide had been used. Improvement was observed for 6 of these episodes (75%).ConclusionFurther investigation of the use of metronidazole for norovirus gastroenteritis in transplant recipients is warranted.
Site‐specific Heterogeneity of Multi‐domain Human Serum Albumin and its Origin: A Red Edge Excitation Shift Study†
Authors: Das Nilimesh , Sahu Subhrasmita , Khan Tanmoy , Sen Pratik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConformational heterogeneity is a defining characteristic of a protein and is vital in understanding its function and folding landscape. In the present work, we interrogated the presence of conformational heterogeneity in multi‐domain human serum albumin in a domain‐specific manner using red edge excitation shift (REES) in its native state and also monitored its variation along the unfolding transition. We also looked into the origin of such conformational heterogeneity by varying the solution viscosity. We observed (1) even in the native state, the heterogeneity and dynamics of the side chain exhibit varied behaviors depending on which domain of the multi‐domain human serum albumin (HSA) is being examined. (2) When the protein is in the unfolded state, the extent of REES is rendered unimportant since there is a greater quantity of free water present, in addition to the disruption of the protein's structure. (3) While the rigid protein matrix provides the rigidity of domain‐I and domain‐III, the rigidity of domain‐II is provided by water molecules, which indicates that the role of water molecules in providing the rigidity is significant. Overall, our results provide direct evidence of the rigidity and alternate side chain packing arrangement of protein core that varies domain‐wise in multi‐domain HSA.
Enhancing drought stress tolerance in Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) through exogenous application of potassium
Authors: Bukhari Muhammad Adnan , Yousaf Muhammad , Ahmad Zahoor , Rafay Muhammad , Shah Adnan Noor , Abbas Asad , Shah Anis Ali , Javed Talha , Afzal Muhammad , Ali Sikandar , Abdullah Mustafa I. B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current study was performed under controlled conditions to study the effects of exogenous potassium application on carotenoid contents and drought tolerance in Camelina. Water deficit levels such as 100% FC (control) and 40% FC (drought stress) were imposed after germination of Camelina plants grown to maturity, and different treatments of exogenous K+ were applied at the vegetative stage. We have reported 17 traits of plant growth, physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, focusing on carotenoids in Camelina to explore their potential yield and yield components. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis techniques (descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, analysis of variance [ANOVA] and principal components analysis [PCA] to determine the best relation between potassium and studied traits). The results showed a large number of variations in the studied trait under control and water deficit condition. Plant fresh weight (g) was negatively correlated with shoot length and SOD insignificantly correlated with plant fresh weight (g) under water deficit conditions. Potassium loading predicted that foliar application (3 mM K2SO4), foliar application (6 mM KNO3), foliar application (12 mM KNO3) and foliar application (12 mM K2SO4) are the important doses that contribute the most to enhance the growth, physiological and biochemical activities and carotenoids to improve the Camelina yield under water deficit condition. These doses should be considered in the future to improve the Camelina yield under semi‐arid conditions with increased genetic diversity (varietal selection).
Nanotechnology in reproduction, breeding and conservation of fish biodiversity: Current status and future potential
Authors: Bhat Irfan Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe reproductive capability of an organism is the main factor to determine the stability of the population. Till now, numerous reproductive strategies have been used, to successfully breed the fish in captivity but the desired performance is yet to be achieved. Nanotechnology has transformed the reproductive capacity of higher animals to a greater extent and has a huge potential in the aquaculture sector too. The use of nanotechnology in fish reproduction and breeding is limited to the delivery of drugs, hormones, vaccines, or genes and still, an immense scope is left in the area that needs to be explored. Here, the recent progress of nanotechnology in fish reproduction, breeding and conservation of germplasm is reviewed. Further, the key successes in the development of cryopreservation, semen imaging, sperm sorting, germplasm preservation, prototypes of smart nanobiosensors and drug delivery systems in animals including fish are highlighted. The potential future opportunities for nanotechnology to enhance reproductive output and conservative management of fish have been presented. In general, the current review summarises some of the applications of nanotechnology that are performing well in higher animals and could be a game‐changer in manipulating the reproductive potential or conserving the fish germplasm.
Investigation of the efficacy of different semen extenders and in vitro storage period on Windsnyer boar sperm quality equilibrated at 18°C
Authors: Thema Mamonene Angelinah , Mphaphathi Masindi Lottus , Ledwaba Mahlatsana Ramaesela , Nedambale Tshimangadzo Lucky 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the efficacy of different semen extenders and in vitro storage periods on the Windsnyer boar sperm quality equilibrated at 18°C. Ejaculates (n = 18) from three Windsnyer boars of known fertility were evaluated for macroscopic traits, pooled, and then allocated for extension in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) and Kobidil+ extender. Diluted semen was stored at 18°C and evaluated at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post collection for sperm microscopic traits. Semen diluted with BTS extender maintained the highest live normal sperm percentage at 4 (63.0 ± 10), 8 (49.6 ± 8.7), 12 (38.0 ± 12.6), 24 (22.6 ± 10.7) and 48 (12.0 ± 10.7) hours, when stored at 18°C (p < .05). The BTS extender maintained the sperm total motility greater than 40% up to 24 h at 18°C as compared to the other semen Kobidil+ extender treatments (p < .05). Average <5% of sperm abnormalities were recorded over 48 h of in vitro boars semen storage irrespective of the semen extenders. Windsnyer boars sperm quality was maintained over 48 h when the semen was diluted with BTS and stored at 18°C.
Resource mobilisation, institution and inclusive growth in Africa: Evidence from spatial analysis
Authors: Adeosun Opeoluwa Adeniyi , Ayodele Olumide S. , Tabash Mosab I. , Anagreh Suhaib 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study accommodates spatial effects in the nexus between tax resource mobilisation (TRM) institutions and inclusive growth using panel data from 48 African countries. By adopting the spatial Durbin‐fixed effect model, the study shows that spatial dependence and interaction matter when modelling TRM, institutions and inclusive growth relationships. It is also explicit that various disaggregated and aggregated tax components have not played significant roles in increasing inclusive growth in Africa, except property tax. The result suggests the need to harness the role of property tax for revenue generation in stimulating inclusive growth in view of its growth benefits over its distortions. Further evidence shows that all individual proxies of African institutions dampen inclusive growth. These results also pinpoint the weak governance structures that constitute huge constraints on the participatory tendencies of economic growth and reflect the institutional exclusiveness inherent in Africa. Regarding the interactive effects of institutions and TRM on inclusive growth, findings further reveal that existing institutions in Africa weaken the tax administration structures in propelling TRM to actualize inclusive growth. The study informs policy implications.
Who cares?—The unrecognised contribution of homecare nurses to care trajectories
Authors: Norlyk Annelise , Burau Viola , Ledderer Loni Kraus , Martinsen Bente 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrganisation of patients' trajectories is a critical element of nursing practice. However, nursing practice is mainly expressed in terms of direct patient care, while the practices through which care is organised have received little attention, are poorly acknowledged and lack formal recognition.AimTo examine the management of care trajectories as provided by homecare nurses.DesignWe conducted focus group interviews with 29 Danish homecare nurses. The analysis drew on the evidence based and theoretically informed framework care trajectory management. Care trajectory management is conceptualised as comprising of three organisational components: (1) Trajectory awareness, (2) Trajectory working knowledge and (3) Trajectory articulation.FindingsThe organising work of homecare nursing is both complex and unpredictable requiring advanced organisational, collaborative and clinical competences to secure concerted actions in alignment with the needs of the individual patient. Without having any formal obligation homecare nurses took on the responsibility for the coordination of the different activities of the professional actors, and for securing concerted actions. Care trajectory management as provided by homecare nurses reflected a high degree of commitment for patients and illustrated that this type of organising work was driven by the values of the humanistic ethos of nursing.ConclusionThe study highlights the strength of the invisible and ongoing organising work of homecare nurses. Care trajectory management in homecare reflects the moral foundation of nursing. Consequently, the professional logic of nursing reflected as direct patient care alone is too narrow. We need to acknowledge the organising work of patients' trajectories as a core task equal to direct patient care.Our study highlights the need for articulating the organising work of homecare nurses and for presenting problematic organisational structures to policymakers and managers. If not, the important organisational work of homecare nurses is at the risk of remaining invisible.
(Z)‐3‐hexenol primes callose deposition against whitefly‐mediated begomovirus infection in tomato
Authors: Yang Fengbo , Zhang Xinyi , Xue Hu , Tian Tian , Tong Hong , Hu Jinyu , Zhang Rong , Tang Juan , Su Qi 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYRapid callose accumulation has been shown to mediate defense in certain plant–virus interactions. Exposure to the green leaf volatile (Z)‐3‐hexenol (Z‐3‐HOL) can prime tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for an enhanced defense against subsequent infection by whitefly‐transmitted Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). However, the molecular mechanisms affecting Z‐3‐HOL‐induced resistance are poorly understood. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying Z‐3‐HOL‐induced resistance against whitefly‐transmitted TYLCV infection and the role of callose accumulation during this process. Tomato plants pre‐treated with Z‐3‐HOL displayed callose priming upon whitefly infestation. The callose inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose abolished Z‐3‐HOL‐induced resistance, confirming the importance of callose in this induced resistance. We also found that Z‐3‐HOL pre‐treatment enhanced salicylic acid levels and activated sugar signaling in tomato upon whitefly infestation, which increased the expression of the cell wall invertase gene Lin6 to trigger augmented callose deposition against TYLCV infection resulting from whitefly transmission. Using virus‐induced gene silencing, we demonstrated the Lin6 expression is relevant for sugar accumulation mediated callose priming in restricting whitefly‐transmitted TYLCV infection in plants that have been pre‐treated with Z‐3‐HOL. Moreover, Lin6 induced the expression of the callose synthase gene Cals12, which is also required for Z‐3‐HOL‐induced resistance of tomato against whitefly‐transmitted TYLCV infection. These findings highlight the importance of sugar signaling in the priming of callose as a defense mechanism in Z‐3‐HOL‐induced resistance of tomato against whitefly‐transmitted TYLCV infection. The results will also increase our understanding of defense priming can be useful for the biological control of viral diseases.
New ultraviolet C light‐based method for pathogen inactivation of red blood cell units
Authors: Handke Wiebke , Gravemann Ute , Müller Thomas H. , Wagner Franz F. , Schulze Torsten J. , Seltsam Axel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathogen inactivation (PI) technologies for platelet concentrates and plasma are steadily becoming more established, but new PI treatment options for red blood cells (RBCs), the most commonly used blood component, still need to be developed. We present a novel approach to inactivating pathogens in RBC units employing ultraviolet C (UVC) light.MethodsWhole blood‐derived leukoreduced RBCs suspended in PAGGS‐C, a third generation additive solution, served as test samples, and RBCs in PAGGS‐C or SAG‐M as controls. Vigorous agitation and hematocrit reduction by diluting the RBCs with additional additive solution during illumination ensured that UVC light penetrated and inactivated the nine bacteria and eight virus species tested. Bacterial and viral infectivity assays and in vitro analyses were performed to evaluate the system's PI capacity and to measure the RBC quality, metabolic, functional, and blood group serological parameters of UVC‐treated versus untreated RBCs during 36‐day storage.ResultsUVC treatment of RBCs in the PAGGS‐C additive solution did not alter RBC antigen expression, but significantly influenced some in vitro parameters. Compared to controls, hemolysis was higher in UVC‐treated RBC units, but was still below 0.8% at 36 days of storage. Extracellular potassium increased early after PI treatment and reached ≤70 mmol/L by the end of storage. UVC‐treated RBC units had higher glucose and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate levels than controls.ConclusionAs UVC irradiation efficiently reduces the infectivity of relevant bacteria and viruses while maintaining the quality of RBCs, the proposed method offers a new approach for PI of RBC concentrates.
EVOLUTION, CHANCE, NECESSITY, AND DESIGN
Authors: Alexander Denis R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article represents comments arising from The Compatibility of Evolution and Design by Rope Kojonen (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021) concerning the role of chance and randomness in evolution (citations from this book are shown as page numbers in brackets). The various meanings of chance and randomness as used in descriptions of biological evolution are discussed and contrasted with their meanings in mathematics and metaphysics. The discussion relates to the role of contingency in evolution and to ideological and rhetorical extrapolations from biology into philosophical world views. Overall it is concluded that evolution is not a chance process, except in the epistemic sense of “chance.” Theologically, this has implications for the idea that God creates through “a free evolutionary process” and may also influence our perspectives on divine action and intentionality in evolutionary history.
Online Exercise Programming Among Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dagenais Matthieu , Parker Olivia , Galway Sarah , Gammage Kimberley 
Published: September 2022

Online exercise programming may promote physical activity while at home, but little is known about its use among older adults. Using the Arksey and O’Malley framework, we describe the nature and extent of the research pertaining to the use of online exercise programming among adults 65 years of age and older. We ran two separate searches (January 2005–September 2020 and October 2020–October 2021), yielding 17 articles that met our inclusion criteria. A total of 1,767 participants (69% female) ranging from 65 to 94 years of age were included. Most studies delivered the online programs asynchronously. The majority of studies assessed the feasibility of online programs, with 14 studies investigating health-related outcomes such as physical, psychological, and social health. Future research should explore perceptions and experiences of online exercise programming among older adults and the mechanisms by which it impacts physical, psychological, social, and behavioral outcomes.