bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influences of diurnal variability and ocean acidification on the bioerosion rates of two reef‐dwelling Caribbean sponges
Authors: Morris John , Enochs Ian , Webb Alice , de Bakker Didier , Soderberg Nash , Kolodziej Graham , Manzello Derek 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is expected to modify the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems by reducing calcification, increasing bioerosion, and altering the physiology of many marine organisms. Much of our understanding of these relationships is based on experiments with static OA treatments, although evidence suggests that the magnitude of diurnal fluctuations in carbonate chemistry may modulate the calcification response to OA. These light‐mediated swings in seawater pH are projected to become more extreme with OA, yet their impact on bioerosion remains unknown. We evaluated the influence of diurnal carbonate chemistry variability on the bioerosion rates of two Caribbean sponges: the zooxanthellate Cliona varians and azooxanthellate Cliothosa delitrix. Replicate fragments from multiple colonies of each species were exposed to four precisely controlled pH treatments: contemporary static (8.05 ± 0.00; mean pH ± diurnal pH oscillation), contemporary variable (8.05 ± 0.10), future OA static (7.80 ± 0.00), and future OA variable (7.80 ± 0.10). Significantly enhanced bioerosion rates, determined using buoyant weight measurements, were observed under more variable conditions in both the contemporary and future OA scenarios for C. varians, whereas the same effect was only apparent under contemporary pH conditions for C. delitrix. These results indicate that variable carbonate chemistry has a stimulating influence on sponge bioerosion, and we hypothesize that bioerosion rates evolve non‐linearly as a function of pCO2 resulting in different magnitudes and directions of rate enhancement/reduction between day and night, even with an equal fluctuation around the mean. This response appeared to be intensified by photosymbionts, evident by the consistently higher percent increase in bioerosion rates for photosynthetic C. varians across all treatments. These findings further suggest that more variable natural ecosystems may presently experience elevated sponge bioerosion rates and that the heightened impact of OA enhanced bioerosion on reef habitat could occur sooner than prior predictions.
Relationship between maintenance of occlusal support achieved by home‐visit dental treatment and prognosis in home‐care patients—a preliminary study
Authors: Kikutani Takeshi , Takahashi Noriaki , Tohara Takashi , Furuya Hiroyasu , Tanaka Kumi , Hobo Kimiko , Isoda Tomoko , Fukui Tomoko 
Published: September 2022

AimTo determine whether occlusal maintenance and reconstruction by dental intervention is associated with the prognosis of older home‐care patients.MethodsThe study participants were 289 older home‐care patients (101 males, mean age 82.2 ± 7.7 years) who received visiting dental treatment from dental clinics in the region between 2012 and 2018. The participants were followed up for 1000 days after receiving the necessary dental treatment in a home‐visit setting. The participants were divided into three groups: those with natural tooth occlusion, those whose molar occlusion was maintained or reconstructed by dentures, and those whose occlusion was not reconstructed. Factors associated with prognosis were determined using the Cox proportional hazard model, with occlusal status, comorbidities, the activity of daily living, and residence status as explanatory variables.ResultsIn the overall population, occlusal status (hazard ratio [HR] of those with occlusal disintegration versus those with natural tooth occlusion: 2.1, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18–3.82) and age (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.44–3.61) were identified as significant factors.In the group of participants aged <85 years, only occlusal status (HR of those with occlusal disintegration versus those with natural tooth occlusion: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.34–8.68) was a significant factor. In the group of participants aged ≥85 years, occlusal status was not significantly associated with prognosis.ConclusionsThe maintenance and acquisition of occlusal support achieved by dental treatment contribute to improved prognosis in older patients younger than 85 years requiring home nursing care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 976–981.
Patricia Crone and the “secular tradition” of early Islamic historiography: An exegesis
Authors: Little Joshua J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatricia Crone famously identified three distinct sub‐traditions within early Islamic historiography: a “religious tradition”, a “tribal tradition”, and a “secular tradition”. Whereas the first is extremely unreliable and the second is partially unreliable regarding early Islamic history in general (c. 600–750 CE), Crone argued that the third provides “a coherent historical account”, at least as far back as the beginning of the Umayyad period (c. 661 CE). Some confusion has since arisen over the identity of this “secular tradition” (thanks to Crone's famously terse and technical style), but a close examination of her work reveals that she had in mind state‐oriented chronology and prosopography (i.e., basic political information on early Muslim caliphs, governors, judges, and commanders) or proto‐taʾrīkh. Crone argued that this material (which mostly survives intermingled with the religious and tribal traditions in extant Islamic literary sources) derives via continuous written transmission from rudimentary state‐oriented chronicles and prosopographies composed by pro‐Marwanid Muslim writers in eighth‐century Syria. Although these proto‐tawārīkh are now lost, Crone argued that their eighth‐century existence can be inferred from contemporaneous references thereto in extant Christian chronicles—a conclusion strengthened by more recent scholarship. For this reason, the “secular tradition” is substantially more reliable than the other traditions within early Islamic historiography, which underwent a protracted process of oral transmission and consequent mutation, distortion, and growth.
Analysis of the cognitive aspects of the preference elicitation process in the compensatory context: a neuroscience experiment with FITradeoff
Authors: Carneiro de Lima da Silva Anderson Lucas , Cabral Seixas Costa Ana Paula , de Almeida Adiel Teixeira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMulti‐criteria methods and systems have been developed over many years to support decision‐making with a process of eliciting preferences. The emphasis has been on those that incorporate compensatory rationality, the characteristics of which make the process more complex. Neuroscience has offered the opportunity to capture aspects of cognition, generating insights. This paper investigates the preference elicitation process with Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff), using electroencephalography and eye‐tracking applied to a sample of undergraduate and graduate students. While FITradeoff offers greater flexibility when evaluating recent advances in the area, the experiment carried out incorporates paradigms present in other methods developed for compensatory rationality. The results indicate the effect the type of predominant criterion has on cognitive effort. Moreover, a non‐linear relationship between the number of criteria and questions was found, which suggests that decision‐makers use a strategy of minimizing cognitive effort. Such findings help to direct efforts to enhance systems and methods with compensatory rationality.
Scaphoideus titanus fitness on grapevine varieties with different susceptibility to Flavescence dorée phytoplasma
Authors: Ripamonti Matteo , Galetto Luciana , Maron Federico , Marzachì Cristina , Bosco Domenico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScaphoideus titanus (Ball) is a Nearctic leafhopper (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), monophagous on Vitis spp., naturalized in European vineyards since the 20th century. Following its introduction and establishment in Europe, S. titanus became the main vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) to grapevine. FDp causes heavy economic losses to viticulture in Europe. The control of the disease mainly relies on insecticide applications against the vector and on the removal of infected plants. The exploitation of plant resistance or tolerance against pathogens and pests can represent a valuable tool for a more sustainable viticulture. The first step in identifying resistance traits in grapevine varieties towards S. titanus is the evaluation of insect fitness parameters on different grapevine genotypes. Therefore, in this work, nymph mortality and developmental time, adult survival and prolificacy of S. titanus have been studied on three grapevine varieties, characterized by different susceptibility to FD. Scaphoideus titanus showed highest fitness when reared on Barbera, whereas the worst performances were recorded on Moscato, with a significant reduction in nymph and adult survivals, a slowed nymph development, and a decreased number of available eggs. On Brachetto, S. titanus showed an intermediate level of fitness parameters. Consistently with previous studies on feeding behaviour, Barbera is the most suitable host for the FD‐vector. The high suitability of Barbera for S. titanus may partly explain the high susceptibility to FD of this variety. On the contrary, the low suitability of Moscato, poorly susceptible to FD, may be due to antibiosis and antixenosis defence mechanisms that act against S. titanus.
Genital mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum detected in two captive sharks by peptide nucleic acid–fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Inohana Mari , Komine Takeshi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Kurata Osamu , Wada Shinpei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMycobacterium marinum is a prevalent nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)‐infecting teleosts. Conversely, little is known about mycobacteriosis in elasmobranchs, and M. marinum infection has never been reported from the subclass. This study investigated the histopathological characteristics and localization of this mycobacterium through molecular analysis of two captive sharks, a scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and a Japanese bullhead shark Heterodontus japonicus, exhibited in the same aquarium tank. We detected genital mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum infection using molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing targeting the 60 kDa heat‐shock protein gene (hsp65), and peptide nucleic acid–fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA‐FISH) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Both sharks showed granulomas in connective tissues of the gonads without central necrosis or surrounding fibrous capsules, which is unlike the typical mycobacterial granulomas seen in teleosts. This study reveals that elasmobranchs can be aquatic hosts of M. marinum. Because M. marinum is a representative waterborne NTM and a potential zoonotic agent, cautious and intensive research is needed to overcome a lack of data on the relationship between NTM and the aquatic environment in association with this subclass of Chondrichthyes.
Associations Among Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and COVID‐19 Pandemic‐Related Stressors
Authors: Shuman Clayton J. , Morgan Mikayla E. , Pareddy Neha , Chiangong Jolyna , Veliz Philip , Peahl Alex , Dalton Vanessa 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic‐related stressors (eg, exposure, infection worry, self‐quarantining) can result in heightened levels of distress and symptoms of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional descriptive design, we collected survey data from a convenience sample of 670 postpartum persons who gave birth to a newborn during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. The presence of PTSD symptoms was measured using the 21‐item Birth Memories And Recall Questionnaire (BirthMARQ) and defined as an affirmative rating for each item (score of 5 to 7 on a 1 to 7 agreement scale). Symptoms counts were computed for each of the 6 BirthMARQ domains, 2 symptom clusters (intrusive; mood and cognition alterations), and the total number of symptoms. Symptom counts were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We explored associations among COVID‐19 experiences (self‐quarantine behaviors, infection worry, exposure) and counts of PTSD symptoms using negative binomial regression models while controlling for postpartum depression screening scores, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, number of weeks postpartum, race, and marital status.ResultsAlmost 99% of participants reported experiencing at least one of 21 PTSD symptoms (mean, 8.32; SD, 3.63). Exposure to COVID‐19 was associated with a 34% greater risk for experiencing intrusive symptoms, specifically, symptoms of reliving the birthing experience as if it were happening now (47% greater risk). Worry surrounding COVID‐19 infection was associated with a 26% increased risk for experiencing intrusive recall symptoms in which birth memories came up unexpectantly. COVID‐19 quarantining behaviors were not significantly related to increasing PTSD symptoms. Many of the demographic variables included were associated with increasing PTSD symptoms.DiscussionScreening perinatal persons for PTSD is critically important, especially during public health crises like the COVID‐19 pandemic. The integration of comprehensive mental health screening, including specific screening for trauma and symptoms of PTSD, across health care settings can help improve delivery of quality, patient‐centered care to postpartum persons.
Teacher allocation and school performance in Italy
Authors: Bryson Alex , Corsini Lorenzo , Martelli Irene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractItaly's secondary school system faced budget cuts, which limit availability of new permanent job slots for teachers. The allocation of these slots favours teachers with more seniority such that the age distribution of teachers across schools reflects older teachers' preferences for being close to urban centres. Using schools' distance from main urban centres and population size in the school's vicinity to instrument for non‐random exposure of schools to older teachers, we show older teachers are detrimental to pupil attainment. The effect is large: a 6‐year increase in the age of teachers leads to a one standard deviation reduction in the graduation mark.
Economic evaluation of the Hepatitis C virus elimination program in the country of Georgia, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Tskhomelidze Irina , Shadaker Shaun , Kuchuloria Tinatin , Gvinjilia Lia , Butsashvili Maia , Nasrullah Muazzam , Gabunia Tamar , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Getia Vladimer , Sharvadze Lali , Tsertsvadze Tengiz , Zarqua Jaba , Tsanava Shota , Handanagic Senad , Armstrong Paige A. , Averhoff Francisco , Vickerman Peter , Walker Josephine G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn 2015, the country of Georgia launched an elimination program aiming to reduce the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 90% from 5.4% prevalence (~150 000 people). During the first 2.5 years of the program, 770 832 people were screened, 48 575 were diagnosed with active HCV infection, and 41 483 patients were treated with direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐based regimens, with a >95% cure rate.MethodsWe modelled the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of HCV screening, diagnosis and treatment between April 2015 and November 2017 compared to no treatment, in terms of cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained in 2017 US dollars, with a 3% discount rate over 25 years. We compared the ICER to willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) thresholds of US$4357 (GDP) and US$871 (opportunity cost) per QALY gained.ResultsThe average cost of screening, HCV viremia testing, and treatment per patient treated was $386 to the provider, $225 to the patient and $1042 for generic DAAs. At 3% discount, 0.57 QALYs were gained per patient treated. The ICER from the perspective of the provider including generic DAAs was $2285 per QALY gained, which is cost‐effective at the $4357 WTP threshold, while if patient costs are included, it is just above the threshold at $4398/QALY. All other scenarios examined in sensitivity analyses remain cost‐effective except for assuming a shorter time horizon to the end of 2025 or including the list price DAA cost. Reducing or excluding DAA costs reduced the ICER below the opportunity‐cost WTP threshold.ConclusionsThe Georgian HCV elimination program provides valuable evidence that national programs for scaling up HCV screening and treatment for achieving HCV elimination can be cost‐effective.
A HST1‐like gene controls tiller angle through regulating endogenous auxin in common wheat
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zheng Yueting , Wang Ying , Wang Shasha , Wang Tongzhu , Wang Canguan , Chen Yue , Zhang Kunpu , Zhang Ning , Dong Zhongdong , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTiller angle is one of the most important agronomic traits and one key factor for wheat ideal plant architecture, which can both increase photosynthetic efficiency and greatly enhance grain yield. Here, a deacetylase HST1‐like (TaHST1L) gene controlling wheat tiller angle was identified by the combination of a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized tetraploid wheat lines with the premature stop codon of TaHST1L exhibited significantly smaller tiller angles than the wild type. TaHST1L‐overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited significantly larger tiller angles and increased tiller numbers in both winter and spring wheat, while TaHST1L‐silenced RNAi plants displayed significantly smaller tiller angles and decreased tiller numbers. Moreover, TaHST1L strongly interacted with TaIAA17 and inhibited its expression at the protein level, and thus possibly improved the content of endogenous auxin in the basal tissue of tillers. The transcriptomics and metabolomics results indicated that TaHST1L might change plant architecture by mediating auxin signal transduction and regulating endogenous auxin levels. In addition, a 242‐bp insertion/deletion (InDel) in the TaHST1L‐A1 promoter altered transcriptional activity and TaHST1L‐A1b allele with the 242‐bp insertion widened the tiller angle of TaHST1L‐OE transgenic rice plants. Wheat varieties with TaHST1L‐A1b allele possessed the increased tiller angle and grain yield. Further analysis in wheat and its progenitors indicated that the 242‐bp InDel possibly originated from wild emmer and was strongly domesticated in the current varieties. Therefore, TaHST1L involved in the auxin signalling pathway showed the big potential to improve wheat yield by controlling plant architecture.
Hematologic profiles and development of innate immune function in healthy Holstein calves during the pre‐weaning period
Authors: Morita Laila M. , Martin Camila C. , da Silva Karen N. , Woolum Amélia , Hurley David J. , Gomes Viviani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development and state of innate immune cell function during the first 90 days of life in dairy calves have not been fully described.ObjectiveThis transversal study attempted to examine the changes that occur in circulating blood cells and the innate immune response in healthy calves from birth to 89 days of age.MethodsHealthy Holstein calves represent three windows of development, G1 from 1 to 7 days old (n = 26), G2 from 30 to 40 days old (n = 28), and G3 from 60 to 89 days old (n = 36) were sampled once each from a single herd. A few biomarkers of the general health and innate and inflammatory immune responses were measured.ResultsThe youngest calves had the lowest red blood cell (RBC) counts, cell hemoglobin concentration means (CHCMs), red cell distribution widths (RDWs), and cell hemoglobin contents of mature red blood cells (CHm) compared with the other groups. They also had the lowest iron concentrations and highest intracellular myeloperoxidase indices. However, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte concentrations gradually increased from G1 to G3. G2 calves had the lowest serum protein concentrations and highest number of innate immune cells compared with the other groups. Calves were able to mount phagocytic and ROS responses from birth.ConclusionsThe physiologic responses of circulating blood cells and innate immune responses in dairy calves are shown according to age. Neonates had limitations in several RBC and WBC indices and immunologic responses that would likely impact overall vigor and health. Fortunately, these limitations resolve by 90 days of age.
A Methodology for a Coupled Structural–Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Compressor Rotor Blades Subjected to Ice Impact With Uncertain Impactor Parameters
Authors: Böhm Holger , Högner Lars , Meyer Marcus , Mailach Ronald , Hornig Andreas , Gude Maik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method for a coupled structural–computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a compressor rotor blade subjected to an ice impact scenario is investigated to assess the impact related blade deformations from a structural and fluid-dynamics perspective. On the basis of a probabilistic approach, in total 50 impact scenarios are derived for this study. In a first step, the numerical structural model based on finite elements is discussed, including several parameter variations like impact location, ice diameter, ice density, and rotor speed. Different analysis steps are subsequently carried out using ls-dyna implicit/explicit on a high performance computing cluster. Resulting blade deformations are evaluated in terms of local plastic deformation, cup size and modal parameters in comparison to the undamaged reference structure. The resultant postimpact blade geometry is extracted from the result data and passed to the CFD simulation setup in a fully automated manner. Based on this deformed structural mesh data, the fluid mesh is morphed via a radial basis function approach and analyzed with CFD. Finally, an uncertainty quantification study is performed to assess the variability of results with regard to the definition of the ice impactor.