bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators of use of analytics for strategic health and care decision-making: a qualitative study of senior health and care leaders’ perspectives
Authors: Ingram Elizabeth , Cooper Silvie , Beardon Sarah , Körner Katherine , McDonald Helen I , Hogarth Sue , Gomes Manuel , Sheringham Jessica 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThis study investigated the barriers and facilitators that senior leaders’ experience when using knowledge generated from the analysis of administrative health or care records (‘analytics’) to inform strategic health and care decision-making.SettingOne London-based sustainability and transformation partnership (STP) in England, as it was on the cusp of forming an integrated care system (ICS).Participants20 senior leaders, including health and social care commissioners, public health leads and health providers. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they were a senior leader of a constituent organisation of the STP and involved in using analytics to make decisions for their own organisations or health and care systems.DesignSemi-structured interviews conducted between January 2020 and March 2020 and analysed using the framework method to generate common themes.ResultsOrganisational fragmentation hindered use of analytics by creating siloed data systems, barriers to data sharing and different organisational priorities. Where trusted and collaborative relationships existed between leaders and analysts, organisational barriers were circumvented and access to and support for analytics facilitated. Trusted and collaborative relationships between individual leaders of different organisations also aided cross-organisational priority setting, which was a key facilitator of strategic health and care decision-making and use of analytics. Data linked across health and care settings were viewed as an enabler of use of analytics for decision-making, while concerns around data quality often stopped analytics use as a part of decision-making, with participants relying more so on expert opinion or intuition.ConclusionsThe UK Governments’ 2021 White Paper set out aspirations for data to transform care. While necessary, policy changes to facilitate data sharing across organisations will be insufficient to realise this aim. Better integration of organisations with aligned priorities could support and sustain cross-organisational relationships between leaders and analysts, and leaders of different organisations, to facilitate use of analytics in decision-making.
Are ethnic differences, urinary iodine status, lead and cadmium exposure associated with thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroid status? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yi , Xiang Qian , Wang Ningjian , Zhang Wen , Zhu Chunfang , Wang Yuying , Wan Heng , Cheng Jing , Zhang Kun , Cai Yan , Lu Yingli 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the effects of different ethnicities and potential environmental exposure on the prevalence of thyroid autoimmune status and hypothyroid status.DesignThe data were obtained from two cross-sectional studies.Participants2105 participants in Shanghai (Han) and 772 participants in Yunnan Honghe Prefecture (Han, Yi, Miao and Hani), aged 18–75 were enrolled.MethodsParticipants underwent several checkups, including urinary iodine concentration, blood lead (BPb) and blood cadmium (BCd), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as well as thyroid ultrasonography (US). Thyroid autoimmune status was defined as: antithyroid antibody positive (ATA+): TPOAb + or TgAb+; and ATA + and US+: TPOAb + or TgAb + together with characteristic US features.ResultsThe standardised prevalence of thyroid autoimmune positivity in Yunnan were higher than those in Shanghai (TPOAb+: 13.56% vs 8.27%, p<0.001; TgAb+: 9.28% vs 7.09%, p=0.045; ATA+: 16.96% vs 11.10%, p<0.001; ATA + and US+: 8.96% vs 6.64%, p=0.036). For urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Cr), compared with the level of 100.00–199.99 µg/g, the level of ≥300.00 µg/g had a 1.5-fold risk for ATA + and US+ (OR 1.455, p=0.041). The levels of 200.00–299.99 µg/g and ≥300.00 µg/g were positively associated with hypothyroid status (OR 1.509, p=0.002 and OR 1.338, p=0.043). Compared with the first quartiles, the fourth quartiles of BPb were positively associated with TPOAb+: (OR 1.637, p=0.006), ATA+ (OR 1.435, p=0.025), ATA + and US+ (OR 1.641, p=0.013), hypothyroid status (OR 1.467, p=0.013) and TSH levels (B 0.092, p=0.021). The fourth quartile of BCd was positively associated with the prevalence of ATA+ (OR 1.427, p=0.036).ConclusionsHigher levels of UI/Cr, BPb and BCd may be associated with thyroid autoimmunity and hypothyroid status.
Gender differences in authorship prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in research submissions to Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2017–2021)
Authors: Orchard Christa , Smith Peter M , Kromhout Hans 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted productivity of female academics in the field of occupational and environmental health, by examining trends in male and female authorship of submissions during and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in Occupational and Environmental Medicine.MethodsAdministrative data on submissions between January 2017 and November 2021 were obtained through databases held at BMJ journals. Author gender was identified using an existing algorithm based on matching names to social media accounts. The number and proportion of female and male primary (first) and senior (last) authors were examined for each quarter, and the average change in share of monthly submissions from male authors in the months since the pandemic compared with corresponding months prior to the pandemic were identified using regression models estimating least squares means.ResultsAmong 2286 (64.7%) and 2335 (66.1%) manuscripts for which first and last author gender were identified, respectively, 49.3% of prepandemic submissions were from male first authors, increasing to 55.4% in the first year of the pandemic (difference of 6.1%, 95% CI 1.3% to 10.7%), before dropping to 46.6% from April 2021 onwards. Quarterly counts identified a large increase in submissions from male authors during the first year after the onset of the pandemic, and a smaller increase from female authors. The proportion of male last authors did not change significantly during the pandemic.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there has been an increase in male productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic within the field of occupational and environmental health research that is present to a lesser extent among women.
CT-like images in MRI improve specificity of erosion detection in patients with hand arthritis: a diagnostic accuracy study with CT as standard of reference
Authors: Ulas Sevtap Tugce , Ziegeler Katharina , Richter Sophia-Theresa , Ohrndorf Sarah , Poddubnyy Denis , Makowski Marcus R , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), standard T1-weighted (T1w) images and high-resolution 3D-gradient echo sequences (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE)) for detection of erosions in patients with peripheral arthritis using CT as standard of reference.Materials and methodsA total of 36 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent CT and MRI, including SWI, VIBE and T1w sequences of the clinically more affected hand. Two trained readers scored all imaging datasets separately for erosions in a blinded fashion. Specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of MRI sequences were calculated on a per-patient level.ResultsCT was positive for erosion in 16 patients and 77 bones (Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score >0), T1w in 28 patients, VIBE in 25 patients and SWI in 17 patients. All MRI sequences performed with comparably high sensitivities (T1w 100%, VIBE 94% and SWI 94%). SWI had the highest specificity of 90%, followed by VIBE (50%) and T1w (40%). Both T1w and VIBE produced significantly higher sum scores than CT (341 and 331 vs 148, p<0.0001), while the sum score for SWI did not differ from CT (119 vs 148; p=0.411).ConclusionSpecificity for erosion detection remains a challenge for MRI when conventional and high-resolution sequences are used but can be improved by direct bone depiction with SWI. Both T1w and VIBE tend to overestimate erosions, when CT is used as the standard of reference.
Environmental DNA dispersal from Atlantic salmon farms
Authors: Shea Dylan , Frazer Neil , Wadhawan Kiran , Bateman Andrew , Li Shaorong , Miller Kristina M. , Short Steven , Krkošek Martin 
Published: February 2022

The spatial spread of genetic material is fundamental to analyses of invasive species, species dispersal, and disease surveillance. Using a quantitative environmental DNA methodology, we assessed spatial variation in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) eDNA concentration, originating from four active salmon farms, along ∼55 km of narrow channels in British Columbia, Canada. We evaluated eDNA from 36 and 47 seawater samples collected at 2 and 8 m depths, respectively, at 0.3–3 km intervals along the channels. We fitted a Laplace dispersal kernel to eDNA data separately for 2 and 8 m depths. The model estimates that 95% of eDNA spread at 2 m depth was within 1.6 km upstream and 3.2 km downstream from farms relative to a prevailing current, and this was expanded at 8 m (1.8 km upstream; 3.7 km downstream). Our modeling results were robust to multiple sources of simulated uncertainty associated with sampling regime and variable eDNA shedding rates. Our results provide a benchmark for the spatial spread of biological material such as pathogens or eDNA from invasive or imperilled species in a coastal marine context. This work has implications for the interpretation of eDNA data for species surveillance and predicting disease spread.
Deformable active nematic particles and emerging edge currents in circular confinements
Authors: Krause Veit , Voigt Axel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider a microscopic field theoretical approach for interacting active nematic particles. With only steric interactions the self-propulsion strength in such systems can lead to different collective behaviour, e.g. synchronized self-spinning and collective translation. The different behaviour results from the delicate interplay between internal nematic structure, particle shape deformation and particle–particle interaction. For intermediate active strength an asymmetric particle shape emerges and leads to chirality and self-spinning crystals. For larger active strength the shape is symmetric and translational collective motion emerges. Within circular confinements, depending on the packing fraction, the self-spinning regime either stabilizes positional and orientational order or can lead to edge currents and global rotation which destroys the synchronized self-spinning crystalline structure.

Graphical abstract
Sandblasting Injury: A Case Report and a Review of Literature
Authors: LIM Hui Neng , SEBASTIN Sandeep Jacob 
Published: February 2022

Sandblasting injuries are uncommon with only four reports in literature. We report a patient with a sandblasting injury of the dorsum of the hand and wrist and summarise published literature on the management of such injuries. We recommend early (<24 hours) C-arm-guided debridement of embedded foreign bodies and repeated saline washouts with a soft surgical scrub brush. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and ESR1 are associated with serum CK activity after prolonged running in men
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Takaragawa Mizuki , Kuriki Kiyonori , Goto Chiho , Shibata Kiyoshi , Yamada Norihiro , Hosono Akihiro , Fuku Mizuho , Suzuki Sadao , Fuku Noriyuki 
Published: February 2022

Men with the TT genotype of the CYP19A1 polymorphism exhibited higher circulating estradiol levels than the TC + CC genotype. The TT genotype in the CYP19A1 polymorphism and the C allele of the ESR1 polymorphism, an allele increasing ESR1 expression, were associated with low serum CK activity after the ultramarathon. A combination of these polymorphisms was correlated with changes in the serum CK activity. Therefore, estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms partially predict exercise-induced muscle damage, that is, skeletal muscle membrane disruption.
Ethnopharmacological-Based Validation of Polyalthia suberosa Leaf Extract in Neurological, Hyperalgesic, and Hyperactive Gut Disorders Using Animal Models
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Quispe Cristina , Herrera-Bravo Jesús , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Novakovic Radmila , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Kabra Atul , Sharifi-Rad Javad 
Published: February 2022

Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) is a plant used to cure coughs, dysentery, fevers, joint aches, rheumatic pain, inflammation, and a variety of skin diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ethyl acetate extract of Polyalthia suberosa (P. suberosa) leaves and their effects on mice for neuropharmacological, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities. For neurological studies, the hole cross, hole board, open field, and thiopental sodium-induced sleep duration measurement methodologies were used. The castor oil-induced diarrhea inhibition test was used to assess antidiarrheal action, and the acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition test was used to determine analgesic effectiveness. The extract was given in doses of 250 and 500 mg kg−1 body weight. As a standard drug, diazepam at a dosage of 3 mg kg−1 was used. The extract was also given to groups, and sleep time was measured and recorded. The onset of the anxiolytic effect of the extract at both doses was found to be significant (

p

< 0.001), and sleep time increased to 273 minutes. For assessing analgesic activity, the extract along with standard diclofenac was administered and found to be 55.02 percent and 64.33 percent, respectively, for the extracts, and diclofenac was found to be 67.44 percent (

p

< 0.001). For antidiarrheal activity, it was compared with the standard drug, loperamide. The decrease for plant extracts was 50.07 percent and 70.06 percent at 250 mg kg−1 and 500 mg kg−1, respectively, whereas it was 85.01 percent for loperamide (3 mg kg−1) (

p

< 0.00). In this study, it was found that ethyl acetate extract of Polyalthia suberosa leaves had strong CNS depressant, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities, which indicates that it may be used in contemporary medicine.
Impacts of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Circulating Uric Acid Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Akbari Abolfazl , Rafiee Mahdi , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2022

Background. Several trials have assessed the antihyperglycemic effects of sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a quantitative analysis to assess the impact of SGLT2is on serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with T2DM. Methods. Placebo-controlled trials published before 13 August 2021 were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. The intervention group received SGLT2i as monotherapy or add-on treatment, and the control group received a placebo that was replaced with SGLT2i. Clinical trials providing changes in SUA were included. The mean change of SUA, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight were calculated (PROSPERO CRD42021287019). Results. After screening of 1172 papers, 59 papers were included in the systematic review. A total of 55 trials (122 groups) of 7 types of SGLT2i on patients with T2DM were eligible for meta-analysis. All SGLT2is significantly decreased SUA levels compared with the placebo groups: empagliflozin mean difference

MD

=
−
40.98

μmol/L, 95% CI [-47.63, -34.32], dapagliflozin

MD
=
−
35.17

μmol/L, 95% CI [-39.68, -30.66], canagliflozin

MD
=
−
36.27

μmol/L, 95% CI [−41.62, −30.93], luseogliflozin

MD
=
−
24.269

μmol/L, 95% CI [-33.31, -15.22], tofogliflozin

MD
=
−
19.47

μmol/L, 95% CI [−27.40, −11.55], and ipragliflozin

MD
=
−
18.85

μmol/L, 95% CI [−27.20, −10.49]. SGLT2i also decreased FPG, body weight, and HbA1c levels. SUA reduction persisted during long-term treatment with SGLT2i (except for empagliflozin), while the SUA reduction was affected by the duration of diabetes. Conclusions. SGLT2i can be a valid therapeutic strategy for patients with T2DM and comorbid hyperuricemia. Besides reducing FPG, body weight, and HbA1c, SGLT2i can significantly decrease SUA levels compared to placebo (Total

MD
=
−
34.07

μmol/L, 95% CI [-37.00, -31.14]).
Diastolic Blood Pressure Variability in Later Life May Be a Key Risk Marker for Cognitive Decline
Authors: Peters Ruth , Xu Ying , Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Sachdev Perminder S. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Tully Phillip J. , Mortby Moyra E. , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There is an increasing awareness of the need to understand the interaction between long-term blood pressure patterns and their impact on the brain and cognition.

Methods:
Our aim was to investigate the relationship between repeated blood pressure measures and change in cognitive performance over 12 years and imaging data at 12 years using a longitudinal population study. The data consisted of 2 cohorts, one midlife and one later life. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, change in blood pressure between visits, and visit-to-visit variability), change in cognitive performance and imaging at 12 years.

Results:
Data on cognitive change were available in 1054 at midlife, baseline age 42.7 (SD 1.5) and 1233 in later life, 62.5 (1.5) years. Imaging data were available in 168 and 233, respectively. After adjustment for multiple comparisons greater diastolic blood pressure variability in later life was associated with a −1.95 point decline (95% CI, −2.89 to −1.01) on an attention-based task and a −0.42 point (95% CI, −0.68 to −0.15) decline in performance on a psychomotor task. A higher SD in diastolic pressure across follow-up was associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume (%increase per 10 mm Hg increase in the SD [1.50 (95% CI, 1.16–1.94]).

Conclusions:
In a largely normotensive/mildly hypertensive population, our analyses reported no relationships between blood pressure and cognition in midlife but a potential role for diastolic blood pressure variability in later life as a risk marker for cognitive decline. This may indicate an at-risk period or a means to identify an at-risk population at the age where diastolic pressure is starting to decline.
What Did It Feel Like to Be a Jew? The Kosher Food Laws and Emotional Norms among Ancient Jews
Authors: Mermelstein Ari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Jewish observance of a set of legal practices constituted the most obvious distinction between Jew and gentile in antiquity. Yet Jewish ritual practice did not only affect the ways in which Jews acted but also how they felt about their Jewishness and their connection to the wider culture. Law and emotion play mutually reinforcing roles in both shaping and reflecting a society’s values, an observation that invites the following questions: how did observance of Jewish dietary laws make Jews feel, and which emotional norms were involved in the production of law? The emotions of those who observed the kosher food laws were variously characterized as hate, a self-controlled repudiation of negative emotion, or disgust. Disputes about how to understand the emotions that animate the dietary laws were attempts to define the power relations between Jews and the surrounding world: did Jews enjoy the power to integrate into their Greco-Roman surroundings?
Marine Fisheries Act 2020 of Bangladesh: A Missed Opportunity for Sustainability and Collaborative Governance
Authors: Al Arif Abdullah , Karim Md Saiful 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article critically examines the Marine Fisheries Act 2020 of Bangladesh. The Act replaced the Marine Fisheries Ordinance 1983 with a view to upgrading the regulation of fisheries resources in Bangladesh’s marine waters. However, a substantial portion of the Act replicates the 1983 Ordinance. Critically, the Act does not incorporate the internationally recognised principles and measures of fisheries management, despite Bangladesh’s international obligations. Moreover, the new law is silent about capacity development of relevant government agencies and community engagement. Overall, it was a missed opportunity for Bangladesh to include sustainability and collaborative governance principles in its marine fisheries sector.
The Archbishops of Canterbury and their Advisors: A Personal Retrospect
Authors: Gill Robin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using the recollections of Bishop Richard Harries and myself, this article describes some of the ways that Archbishops of Canterbury Robert Runcie, George Carey and Rowan Williams were variously advised about theology, medical ethics, mission and safeguarding. The work of two Archbishop’s Advisory groups – on theology and on medical ethics – is outlined, together with key individual advisors, especially Graham Howes, Wesley Carr and Graham James. Carey is identified as an especially strategic archbishop.
Exploratory Precipitation Metrics: Spatiotemporal Characteristics, Process-Oriented, and Phenomena-Based
Authors: Leung L. Ruby , Boos William R. , Catto Jennifer L. , A. DeMott Charlotte , Martin Gill M. , Neelin J. David , O’Brien Travis A. , Xie Shaocheng , Feng Zhe , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Kuo Yi-Hung , Lee Robert W. , Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Vishnu S. , Priestley Matthew D. K. , Tao Cheng , Zhou Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrecipitation sustains life and supports human activities, making its prediction one of the most societally relevant challenges in weather and climate modeling. Limitations in modeling precipitation underscore the need for diagnostics and metrics to evaluate precipitation in simulations and predictions. While routine use of basic metrics is important for documenting model skill, more sophisticated diagnostics and metrics aimed at connecting model biases to their sources and revealing precipitation characteristics relevant to how model precipitation is used are critical for improving models and their uses. This paper illustrates examples of exploratory diagnostics and metrics including 1) spatiotemporal characteristics metrics such as diurnal variability, probability of extremes, duration of dry spells, spectral characteristics, and spatiotemporal coherence of precipitation; 2) process-oriented metrics based on the rainfall–moisture coupling and temperature–water vapor environments of precipitation; and 3) phenomena-based metrics focusing on precipitation associated with weather phenomena including low pressure systems, mesoscale convective systems, frontal systems, and atmospheric rivers. Together, these diagnostics and metrics delineate the multifaceted and multiscale nature of precipitation, its relations with the environments, and its generation mechanisms. The metrics are applied to historical simulations from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Models exhibit diverse skill as measured by the suite of metrics, with very few models consistently ranked as top or bottom performers compared to other models in multiple metrics. Analysis of model skill across metrics and models suggests possible relationships among subsets of metrics, motivating the need for more systematic analysis to understand model biases for informing model development.