bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine vertical structures of cloud from a ground‐based cloud radar over the western Tianshan mountains
Authors: Chen Ping , Yang Lianmei , Zeng Yong , Tong Zepeng , Jiang Yufei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the grounded‐based Ka‐band millimetre‐wave cloud radar (MMCR) is used to analyse the cloud characteristics over the western Tianshan mountains. The cloud top height (CTH) obtained by MMCR is verified by comparing it with the Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) observations. Overall, the MMCR‐obtained CTHs are attenuated and lower than the FY‐4A‐obtained CTHs under precipitation conditions. Thus, the FY‐4A data is used to complement MMCR data when there is rainfall. The diurnal, seasonal variation and vertical structures of the cloud are further examined using the combination of MMCR and FY‐4A. The result indicates that the CTH and cloud base height (CBH) are highest in summer and lowest in winter. Also, clouds tend to form frequently at night in spring, summer, and winter. Although in autumn, clouds tend to form most frequently in the morning. This may be related to the diurnal variation of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Moreover, the CTHs occur most frequently at heights of 8–9 km in spring and autumn, 9–10 km in summer, and 7–8 km in winter. The high CTHs caused by the strong convective activities in summer may be related to sufficient water vapour transport. These corrected CTH data are also used to classify cloud types, the results indicate that the proportion of high clouds is highest in summer, while the proportion of medium clouds is lower than in the other three seasons. Also, the average CTH of the low, medium, and high clouds is highest in summer and lowest in winter.
Free functioning gracilis transfer for brachial plexus reconstruction using the internal mammary vessels as recipients: A case report
Authors: Taib Bilal Gani , Choong Jia , Madura Tomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdult brachial plexus injuries are often associated with concomitant trauma to the axillary or subclavian vessels. In patients planned for free functioning gracilis transfer (FFGT) this poses a challenge to reconstructive surgeons where using the standard donor vessels can lead to endangering the circulation in the affected extremity or risk flap loss due to the poor perfusion pressures. This case report describes the use of a FFGT for upper limb reconstruction in a 22‐year‐old patient with a pan plexus injury and concomitant axillary artery injury following a high energy motorcycle accident. Ipsilateral internal mammary vessels were used as donor vessels after removing the 3rd and 4th costal cartilages. The gracilis muscle was harvested in its whole length, including a small transverse skin paddle, and transferred to the upper extremity. It was secured to the clavicle proximally, weaved into the Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendons distally and neurotised by the spinal accessory nerve. The procedure and postoperative course were uneventful and the follow up at 18 months showed MRC grade 4 in elbow flexion with only a slight contour deformity at the donor chest site. This is the first report demonstrating the use of internal mammary vessels for FFGT reconstruction in the upper extremity after removing two costal cartilages to achieve sufficient pedicle length.
The hazardous orienteering problem
Authors: Santini Alberto , Archetti Claudia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article studies the Hazardous Orienteering Problem (HOP), a variant of the more famous Orienteering Problem (OP). In the OP, a vehicle earns a profit for each customer it visits (e.g., to pick up a parcel) subject to an upper bound on the tour time. In the HOP, the parcels picked up at some customers have a probability of triggering a catastrophic event. The probability depends on how long the parcels travel on the vehicle. If any catastrophic event triggers, the entire collected profit is lost. The goal is to determine the tour that maximizes the expected profit. The problem has interesting applications in routing of hazardous material, cash‐in‐transit, and law enforcement. We propose a mixed‐integer nonlinear formulation and techniques both to obtain dual bounds and to produce primal solutions. Computational tests investigate the efficacy of the methods proposed and allow to gain insights into solution features.
Fusion steady‐state robust filtering for uncertain multisensor networked systems with application to autoregressive moving average signal estimates
Authors: Liu Wen‐Qiang , Liu Wei , Li Shuang , Tao Gui‐Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the centralized fusion (CF) robust steady‐state Kalman filtering problem for a class of multisensor networked systems with mixed uncertainties including state‐dependent and noise‐dependent multiplicative noises, missing measurements, packet dropouts, and uncertain noise variances. By using a model transformation approach, the initial multisensor system under study is transformed into a multi‐model multisensor system only with uncertain noise variances. By introducing an augmented state vector, the CF system is obtained. In the light of the minimax robust estimation method, and based on the worst‐case fusion system with conservative upper bounds of uncertain noise variances, the CF robust steady‐state Kalman estimators (predictor, filter, and smoother) are proposed in a unified form. By means of the permutation matrices and Lyapunov equation method, the robustness of CF estimators is proved. The accuracy relations among the robust local and fusion steady‐state estimators are proved. An example applied to autoregressive moving average signal estimation is put forward, and the robust CF steady‐state signal estimators are proposed. Simulation experiment shows the correctness of the proposed approach.
Clinical outcomes of pediatric patients receiving multimodality treatment of second central nervous system relapse of neuroblastoma
Authors: Tringale Kathryn R. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Casey Dana L. , Kushner Brian H. , Luo Leo , Pandit‐Taskar Neeta , Souweidane Mark , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. , Modak Shakeel , Basu Ellen M. , Kramer Kim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn high‐risk neuroblastoma, multimodality therapy including craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is effective for central nervous system (CNS) relapse. Management of post‐CSI CNS relapse is not clearly defined.ProcedurePediatric patients with neuroblastoma treated with CSI between 2000 and 2019 were identified. Treatment of initial CNS disease (e.g., CSI, intraventricular compartmental radioimmunotherapy [cRIT] with 131I‐monoclonal antibodies targeting GD2 or B7H3) and management of post‐CSI CNS relapse (“second CNS relapse”) were characterized. Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate factors associated with third CNS relapse and overall survival (OS) were used.ResultsOf 128 patients (65% male, median age 4 years), 19 (15%) received CSI with protons and 115 (90%) had a boost. Most (103, 81%) received cRIT, associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–0.5, p < .001). Forty (31%) developed a second CNS relapse, associated with worse OS (1‐year OS 32.5%, 95% CI: 19‐47; HR 3.8; 95% CI: 2.4–6.0, p < .001), and more likely if the leptomeninges were initially involved (HR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9, p = .006). Median time to second CNS relapse was 6.8 months and 51% occurred outside the CSI boost field. Twenty‐five (63%) patients underwent reirradiation, most peri‐operatively (18, 45%) with focal hypofractionation. Eight (20%) patients with second CNS relapse received cRIT, associated with improved OS (HR 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1–0.4, p < .001).ConclusionsCNS relapse after CSI for neuroblastoma portends a poor prognosis. Surgery with hypofractionated radiotherapy was the most common treatment. Acknowledging the potential for selection bias, receipt of cRIT both at first and second CNS relapse was associated with improved survival. This finding necessitates further investigation.
Identification of rheumatoid arthritis in German claims data using different algorithms: Validation by cross‐sectional patient‐reported survey data
Authors: Callhoff Johanna , Albrecht Katinka , Marschall Ursula , Strangfeld Anja , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate different algorithms for the identification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in claims data using patient‐reported diagnosis as reference.MethodsWithin longitudinal data from a large German statutory health insurance, we selected a random sample of persons with ICD‐10 code for RA (M05/M06) in ≥2 quarters in 2013. The sample was stratified for age, sex, and M05/M06. Persons were asked to confirm RA diagnosis (gold standard), which was linked to claims data given consent. Analyses were weighted to represent the total RA population of the database. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and discriminative properties were calculated for different algorithms: ICD‐10 code only, additional examination of inflammatory markers, prescription of specific medication, rheumatologist appointment, or combination of these.ResultsOf 6193 persons with a claims diagnosis of RA, 3184 responded (51%). Overall, PPV for the ICD‐10 code was 81% (95% confidence interval 79%–83%) with 94% (92%–95%) for M05 and 76% (73%–79%) for M06. PPVs increased (with loss of case numbers) if inflammatory markers (82% [80%–84%]), rheumatology visits (85% [82%–87%]) or specific medication (89% [87%–91%]) had been used in addition. Specific medication had the best discriminative properties (diagnostic odds ratio of 3.0) among persons with RA diagnosis.ConclusionsThe ICD‐10 codes M05 and (less optimal) M06 have high PPVs and are valuable to identify RA in German claims data. Depending on the respective research question, researchers should use different criteria for identification of RA.
Wafer‐scale Ge epitaxial foils grown at high growth rates and released from porous substrates for triple‐junction solar cells
Authors: Depauw Valérie , Porret Clément , Moelants Myriam , Vecchio Emma , Kennes Koen , Han Han , Loo Roger , Cho Jinyoun , Courtois Guillaume , Kurstjens Rufi , Dessein Kristof , Orejuela Víctor , Sanchez‐Perez Clara , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio , García Iván 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGermanium is listed as a critical raw material, and for environmental and economic sustainability reasons, strategies for lower consumption must be implemented. A promising approach is Ge lift‐off concepts, which enable to re‐use the substrate multiple times. Our concept is based on the Ge‐on‐Nothing approach that is the controlled restructuring at high temperature of a macroporous Ge surface, forming a Ge foil weakly attached to its parent wafer. Its suitability as III–V epitaxy seed and support substrate has previously been demonstrated with proof‐of‐concept solar cells. This work focuses on bringing this concept to the next level, by upscaling the detachable area to a full 200‐mm wafer scale, increasing foil thickness for sufficient light absorption in the Ge bottom cell, and improving the control on the strength that is bonding the suspended foil to its parent. By introducing a new high growth‐rate epitaxy process from GeCl4, and by engineering the GeON structure to introduce pillars with ad hoc density and shape, we fabricated P‐type foils with tunable boron doping up to 15 μm in thickness and 11 cm × 11 cm in area, for which the detachment strength could be adapted to the stresses induced by the solar cell process steps. The surface roughness and the electrical and crystal qualities of these foils were inspected by AFM, SIMS, SRP, ECCI, and TEM to check the GeCl4‐based epitaxy conditions and to check that the ad hoc pillars were not introducing any damage. Small‐area triple‐junction lattice‐matched GaInP/GaInAs/Ge solar cells were fabricated on 7‐μm‐thick Ge foils with various pillar densities and on a standard reference Ge wafer. The III–V layer nucleation was virtually the same on both substrates and the solar cells on the GeON foils performed in the same way as the cells on the Ge wafer, albeit a small loss in short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage that can be attributed to the thickness reduction and absence of rear‐side passivation. We conclude that it is possible to gain control on the GeON detachability and upscale the concept to areas relevant for the space PV industry, proving that porous germanium is a serious candidate for replacement of bulk Ge wafers in view of a more sustainable multijunction solar cell process.
Modification of silica particles with poly(phenylboronic acid) brushes for fabricating hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres
Authors: Li Die , Hong Mei , Wang Yan , Bao Chunyang , Xu Xiaoling , Chen Jing , Peng Bin , Zhang Jingyu , Wang Bingyu , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPorous carbon nanospheres have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent advantages in specific surface area, pore distribution, and electronic conductivity. Herein, boron‐doped hollow carbon nanospheres with mesoporous walls have been successfully synthesized via a combination of hard/soft templating and boronic acid/sugar ligation. Surface‐initiated Cu(0) mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization was used to initiate the polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate from the surface of silica. 4‐carboxy‐3‐fluorophenylboronic acid was introduced as a boron precursor by N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride coupling and fructose was introduced as a carbon precursor by boronic esters. After carbonization and template etching, boron‐doped porous carbon spheres could be obtained. We believe such in‐situ heteroatom‐doped method has great potential in preparing hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres with excellent properties.
Potent insecticidal activity of Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin peel extract and its main components against aphids
Authors: Li Jingjing , Kang Zhanhai , Yu Hualong , Feng Yingjian , Zhang Xinxin , Zhao Yujing , Dong Lili , Zhang Lihui , Dong Jingao , Li Yaofa , Ma Shujie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAphids are significant pests of cash crops and food farm crops. Botanical insecticides are safe for aphid control, especially for organic farming. In this study, Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. peel extract (EDPE), a new botanical insecticide, was investigated for its active compositions against several agricultural aphids.ResultsThe results showed that the EDPE had high insecticidal activity against Sitobion avenae Fabricius, Aphis gossypii Glover, Megoura crassicauda Mordvilko, and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, with half‐lethal concentration (LC50) values of 95.92, 81.04, 140.31, and 255.73 mg/L after 48 h of treatment. In the pot culture assay, the aphicidal effects of 25% EDPE soluble liquid (SL) at a concentration of 0.016% were 68.98 ± 5.61%, 79.33 ± 8.27%, and 88.82 ± 3.91% after the first, third, and seventh days of treatment, respectively. Nine compounds were identified by bioactivity‐directed fractionation: 4',5'‐dimethoxy‐6,6‐dimethylpyranoisoflavone (1), 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxylonchocarpin (2), 4‐hydroxylonchocarpin (3), 4‐methoxylonchocarpin (4), barbigerone (5), lonchocarpusone (6), 6a,12a‐dehydrodeguelin (7), 13‐homo‐13‐oxa‐6a, 12a‐dehydrodeguelin (8) and deguelin (9). Among them, 4‐hydroxylonchocarpin (3) showed the highest aphidicidal activity against M. crassicauda, S. avenae, and A. pisum, with LC50 values of 97.24, 140.63, and 112.31 mg/L, respectively.ConclusionThese data contribute to a better understanding of the aphicidal activity of EDPE and its main component, 4‐hydroxylonchocarpin. This will help to develop new botanical insecticides to contro aphids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subseasonal predictability of onset, duration, and intensity of European heat extremes
Authors: Pyrina Maria , Domeisen Daniela I. V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSuccessful weather forecasts on subseasonal time‐scales can support societal preparedness and mitigate the impacts of extreme events. Heatwaves in particular can, in certain cases, be predicted on time‐scales of several weeks in advance. Heatwave predictability is commonly assessed in terms of heatwave intensity. In addition to heatwave intensity, we assess the predictability of heatwave onset and duration, which are crucial components of early‐warning systems and emergency preparedness plans. The forecast skill of heatwaves is investigated over the European region in the subseasonal forecasting system of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The heatwaves are first detected in ERA‐Interim reanalysis data over the period 1998–2017 and then allocated into six clusters in the following regions: Black Sea (BSea), Russia (Ru), Western Europe (WEu), North Sea (NSea), Scandinavia (Sc), and Eastern Europe (EEu). The European regions with the highest predictability in heatwave onset and duration are the clusters Ru, Sc, and NSea. The WEu cluster has the lowest bias in heatwave intensity and is found to be the most predictable region in terms of the number of heatwave events with predictable intensity at lead week 2. Heatwave intensity is generally found to be the most predictable characteristic of European heatwaves, being predictable by the model ensemble mean up to lead times of 3 weeks. Furthermore, this analysis identifies the most predictable heatwaves, allowing for a further investigation of the physical mechanisms and heatwave characteristics leading to enhanced heatwave forecast skill over different European regions.
Unveiling the zwitterionic and stepwise mechanism for the domino reactions of amidine with 1,2,4,5‐ and 1,2,3,5‐tetrazines
Authors: Haghdadi Mina , Hamzehloueian Mahshid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms of the domino reactions between 4,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,3,5‐tetrazine (TTZ 1) and 3,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (TTZ 2) with amidine 3, have been studied at the M06‐2X/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory. The domino reactions of TTZ1 with amidine comprise three consecutive reactions, an aza Diels‐Alder (ADA) reaction with a stepwise mechanism, a retro Diels‐Alder (rDA) reaction, and an amine elimination process, which leads to the resulting aromatic triazine ring. However, the most favorable pathway for domino reaction of the amidine with TTZ2 consists of nucleophilic addition, N2 elimination, and cyclization steps which is deal with the formation of a neutral intermediate. The N2 loss step in both mechanisms is spontaneously, with extremely exergonic formation of the corresponding intermediates. Finally, NH3 is removed through an irreversible intramolecular elimination. The global electron density transfer (GEDT) calculations unleash the polar natures of the first step of the reactions.
Microbial community shifts in pearl millet root zone soils with Guiera senegalensis intercropping along a rainfall and soil type gradient in the Sahel
Authors: Mason Laura , Debenport Spencer , DeLay Chelsea , Diedhiou Ibrahima , McSpadden Gardener Brian B. , Assigbetsee Komi B. , Rich Virginia , Dick Richard P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Sahel of West Africa has vulnerable agroecosystems that threatens food security. A potential solution is intercropping with the indigenous shrub, Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. Previous research of the Optimized Shrub‐intercropping System (OSS) (high density of ∼1,500 shrubs ha‐1 and coppiced residue incorporation) has been shown to dramatically improve pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] yield, which is attributed to improved soil quality, nutrient and water availability, and harboring a distinct microbial community. Whether this response is consistent over a climate and soil type gradient in farmers’ fields has not been investigated. Therefore, the objective was to determine the impact of G. senegalenis on soil chemistry, enzyme activity, microbiomes, and metabolic pathways of millet root zone soils in farmers’ fields. The experiment was a three‐by‐two factorial with three rainfall and soil type sites along a north–south gradient in the Senegal Peanut Basin and two sampling locations (millet root zone soil within and outside the influence of the G. senegalensis). Guiera senegalensis shifted certain predicted bacterial metabolic pathways and enriched some bacterial and fungal genera. Notably, the increased crop growth due to G. senegalensis positively correlated with the abundance of genera having plant growth promoting properties (e.g., Enterobacter agglomerans and Paraburkholderia). Paucibacter, a genera that has deleterious and/or pathogenic properties, was highly abundant in non‐shrub soil but completely suppressed beneath the shrub. The results showed that G. senegalensis in farmers’ fields even at typical, low densities, where coppiced residues are annually burned, still increased soil chemical and microbial properties, suggesting that a more important factor than litter is the presence of shrub roots that provide root turnover and exudates, and water inputs through hydraulic lift.
Theoretical Study on the Degradation Mechanism of Sulfonamide Catalyzed by Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Chen Xin‐Rui , Li Dong‐Heng , Liu Hu‐Qiong , Zheng Yan , Li Lai‐Cai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSulfonamide and its derivatives have made great contributions to medicine and can be used to synthesize sulfonamides‐based antibacterial drugs. However, improper treatment of the sulfonamides may bring severe environmental pollutions. In this paper, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation method was used to study the adsorption properties and degradation mechanism of sulfonamide on different surfaces of titanium dioxide (TiO2), i. e. TiO2 (101) and TiO2 (001). First, by calculating the adsorption energy, we obtained the most stable adsorption configurations of sulfonamide on different TiO2 surfaces. In both cases, the sulfonamides lie parallel on the surfaces of TiO2 and the amino group attached directly to the benzene ring forms hydrogen bonds with the oxygens on the surfaces of the TiO2 while the sulfonyl groups interact with the titanium of the surfaces. After that, six possible degradation pathways were investigated in detail based on the stable configurations. According to the calculation results, we conclude that the optimal degradation path of sulfonamide on TiO2 surface is the path initialized by attacking carbon atom attached to the sulfonyl group in sulfonamide with hydroxyl radical, for which the reaction barrier on TiO2 (001) surface is 13.8 kcal/mol, and that of TiO2 (101) surface is 13.1 kcal/mol. Therefore, the degradation effects of the two surfaces are similar. Our present work indicates that the effect of TiO2 in degrading sulfonamide is remarkable, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of the degradation method of sulfonamides‐based antibiotics.
Effect of the Position and Amount of the Electron‐Donating Groups in Substituted 2,4,6‐Triphenylpyrimidines on their Thermal, Optical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Slobodinyuk Daria G. , Slobodinyuk Alexey I. , Strelnikov Vladimir N. , Shklyaeva Elena V. , Abashev Georgy G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2,4,6‐Triphenylpyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized from the corresponding aromatic aldehydes and methyl ketones via a two‐step procedure, which include an aldol‐crotonic condensation followed by the reaction of the resulting chalcones with ammonium acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid with DMF as a solvent The compound structures have been identified by NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of the compounds obtained have been studied. The synthesized 2,4,6‐triphenylpyrimidines are characterized by blue emission. It has been shown, that these compounds have narrow band gaps and high fluorescence quantum yields.