bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Do an Electrophysiological Study of Myoclonus
Authors: Vial Felipe , Merchant Shabbir Hussain I. , McGurrin Patrick , Hallett Mark 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
Diagnosing and characterizing myoclonus can be challenging. Many authors agree on the need to complement the clinical findings with an electrophysiological study to characterize the movements. Besides helping to rule out other movements that may look like myoclonus, electrophysiology can help localize the source of the movement. This article aims to serve as a practical manual on how to do a myoclonus study. For this purpose, the authors combine their experience with available evidence. The authors provide detailed descriptions of recording poly-electromyography, combining electroencephalography and electromyography, Bereitschaftspotentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, and startle techniques. The authors discuss analysis considerations for these data and provide a simplified algorithm for their interpretation. Finally, the authors discuss some factors that they believe have hindered the broader use of these useful techniques.
Impaired neuromodulator crosstalk delays vigilance-dependent astroglia Ca2+activation in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lim Eunice Y. , Salinas Angelica , Ye Liang , Yang Yongjie , Paukert Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDegeneration in neuronal nuclei producing the neuromodulators acetylcholine and norepinephrine is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therapeutic interventions that increase acetylcholine in brain ameliorate AD symptoms in human patients, and augmenting norepinephrine restores cognitive function in mouse models of AD as well as Down Syndrome, the most frequent cause of early onset AD. A prominent cellular target of noradrenergic and potentially cholinergic signaling during states of heightened vigilance are astroglia and recent studies indicate that astroglia Ca2+dynamics in awake mice contribute to optimal cognitive performance. Here we tested the hypothesis that vigilance-dependent Ca2+signaling in mouse primary visual cortex astrocytes is altered in mouse models of AD and provide mechanistic insight into upstream neuromodulator signaling that shapes astrocyte Ca2+dynamics in healthy and AD conditions. In two mouse models of AD (APPswe/PSEN1dE9 andAppNL-FKI), we consistently observed delayed and less coordinated astrocyte Ca2+elevations in response to locomotion, a well-controlled behavioral paradigm triggering widespread Ca2+activation in astroglia throughout the brain. Combining pharmacological and genetic manipulations, we found that noradrenergic signaling to astrocytes was facilitated by cholinergic signaling, but this neuromodulator crosstalk was impaired inAppNL-Fmice. Pharmacological facilitation of norepinephrine release rescued delayed and less coordinated astrocyte Ca2+activation inAppNL-Fmice and suggests that astrocytes preserve a functional reserve that can be recruited even during late-stage disease. Our findings of delayed and less coordinated astroglia Ca2+activation predict impaired noradrenergic signaling and may contribute to the cognitive decline in AD.
Utilizing artificial intelligence system to build the digital structural proteome of reef-building corals
Authors: Zhu Yunchi , Liao Xin , Han Tingyu , Chen J.-Y. , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReef-building corals play an important role in the marine ecosystem, and analyzing their proteomes from a structural perspective will exert positive effects on exploring their biology. Here we integrated mass spectrometry with newly published ColabFold to obtain digital structural proteomes of dominant reef-building corals. 8,382 proteins co-expressed in A. muricata, M. foliosa and P. verrucosa were identified, then 8,166 of them got predicted structures after around 4,060 GPU hours of computation. The resulting dataset covers 83.6% of residues with a confident prediction, while 25.9% have very high confidence. Our work provides insight-worthy predictions for coral research, confirms the reliability of ColabFold in practice, and is expected to be a reference case in the impending high-throughput era of structural proteomics.
Understanding consumers' post-consumption behaviors in C2C social commerce: the role of functional and relational customer orientation
Authors: Leung Wilson K.S. , Chang Man Kit , Cheung Man Lai , Shi Si 
Published: July 2022

PurposeSocial commerce (s-commerce) is an online business model combining commercial and social features. Vendors may engage in a business-oriented relationship with customers and/or establish a personal relationship with customers. The role performed by the vendors may not match customer expectations and needs, resulting in low repurchase intention. Drawing on role theory in the context of customer orientation, this study integrates functional customer orientation (FCO) and relational customer orientation (RCO) with the expectation–confirmation model (ECM) to propose a theoretical framework for explaining customers' post-consumption behaviors. This study also examines how product-specific attributes moderate the effect of FCO and RCO on customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzed 273 survey responses from WeChat users by using PLS-SEM.FindingsThe results confirmed that the confirmation of customer expectations positively affected FCO and RCO. Additionally, FCO and RCO had different effects on customer satisfaction, depending on product type and brand awareness, and their effects on customers' post-consumption behaviors also varied.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that both business and social roles are important to customers in C2C s-commerce. This study also demonstrates product characteristics moderating the effectiveness of customer orientation on customer satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis study provides empirical support for vendors and platform developers to implement appropriate selling strategies and manage customer expectations in C2C s-commerce.Originality/valueThis study is the first to incorporate FCO and RCO into the ECM theoretical framework to obtain new insights into vendors' selling approaches in C2C s-commerce, thus contributing to the marketing literature.
What makes firms vulnerable to the Russia–Ukraine crisis?
Authors: Abbassi Wajih , Kumari Vineeta , Pandey Dharen Kumar 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study examines the impact of the Russia–Ukraine war on the constituent firms of the leading stock market indices of the G7 countries to provide insights into the vulnerability of firms to war events.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the event study method on a sample of 531 firms covering the period from 02 March 2021 to 08 March 2022 and conducts a cross-sectional analysis of cumulative abnormal returns and country- and firm-specific variables.FindingsRisk exposure and trade dependence trigger invasion-generated negative abnormal returns. The authors demonstrate that stock prices are fragile to geopolitical risks and trade dependence. Consistent with previous literature, the authors find evidence of a size anomaly and high risk associated with a higher book-to-market ratio.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has implications for policymakers identifying the firm-specific variables driving event-induced returns. While providing insights into the geographical diversification of funds, this study shows the heterogeneous characteristics of firms operating in these countries.Originality/valuePrevious studies on the Russia–Ukraine war have been limited to analyzing the behavior of leading stock market indices without examining firm-level variations triggered by the war. This study fills this gap and contributes to the growing literature on the Russia–Ukraine crisis in two ways: first, it provides firm-level evidence from the G7 countries in addition to how global stock market indices have reacted to the invasion and second, it uses cross-sectional analysis to provide evidence of the characteristics that make firms resilient to wars.HighlightsWe are the first to report firm-level evidence of the Russia–Ukraine war effectsFirms in France and the United States are unaffectedStock prices are fragile to geopolitical risks and considerable dependence on tradeHigher book-to-market exposes the firms to the risk of exogenous shocksSmaller firms outperform large firms in the G7 stock markets
Additively manufactured foamed polylactic acid for lightweight structures
Authors: Yousefi Kanani Armin , Rennie Allan E.W. , Abd Rahim Shayfull Zamree Bin 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study aims to make foamed polylactic acid (PLA) structures with different densities by varying deposition temperatures using the material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing process.

Design/methodology/approach
The extrusion multiplier (EM) was calibrated for each deposition temperature to control foaming expansion. Material density was determined using extruded cubes with the optimal EM value for each deposition temperature. The influence of deposition temperature on the tensile, compression and flexure characteristics of the foamable filament was studied experimentally.

Findings
The foaming expansion ratio, the consistency of the raster width and the raster gap significantly affect the surface roughness of the printed samples. Regardless of the loading conditions, the maximum stiffness and yield strength were achieved at a deposition temperature of 200°C when the PLA specimens had no foam. When the maximum foaming occurred (220°C deposition temperature), the stiffness and yield strength of the PLA specimens were significantly reduced.

Practical implications
The obvious benefit of using foamed materials is that they are lighter and consume less material than bulky polymers. Injection or compression moulding is the most commonly used method for creating foamed products. However, these technologies require tooling to fabricate complicated parts, which may be costly and time-consuming. Conversely, the MEX process can produce extremely complex parts with less tooling expense, reduction in energy use and optimised material consumption.

Originality/value
This study investigates the possibility of stiff, lightweight structures with low fractions of interconnected porosity using foamable filament.
Beyond garden design: A review of outdoor occupation in hospital and residential care settings for people with dementia
Authors: Ng Lorraine , Oliver Eliza , Laver Kate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAccess to outdoor space is widely recommended for people with dementia. However, there is limited information on the occupations of people with dementia within these spaces. We sought to review the research literature to identify the occupations of people with dementia in outdoor spaces in residential aged care and/or hospitals and report on features that support occupational participation as well as the benefits of occupational participation in these spaces.MethodsScoping review. We searched electronic databases involving health, design, and horticulture literature. Studies were included if they involved people with dementia and considered occupations within gardens or garden‐like spaces of hospitals, subacute rehabilitation facilities, or residential aged care.ResultsWe identified 19 articles meeting the review criteria. Outdoor spaces for people with dementia varied in design and supported a range of occupations with the most common being social occupations, gardening, and physical activities. Quantitative studies suggested that benefits of outdoor occupations for people with dementia were improvements in activity participation, social connection, mood, agitation, light exposure, and sleep. Qualitative studies supported these findings and identified additional perceived benefits such as engagement, maintaining identity, health, and reduced levels of distress. Benefits were also reported for families and staff.ConclusionsCurrent literature shows that many occupations can be done outside and that these are beneficial for people with dementia. Despite the wide range of benefits, multiple studies reported that outdoor spaces remain under‐utilised. More work is required to design spaces for occupational engagement, support access to outdoor spaces, and promote occupational participation.
Differential expression of miR‐1249‐3p and miR‐34b‐5p between vulnerable and resilient phenotypes of cocaine addiction
Authors: Domingo‐Rodriguez Laura , Cabana‐Domínguez Judit , Fernàndez‐Castillo Noèlia , Cormand Bru , Martín‐García Elena , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCocaine addiction is a complex brain disorder involving long‐term alterations that lead to loss of control over drug seeking. The transition from recreational use to pathological consumption is different in each individual, depending on the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms are ideal candidates to study psychiatric disorders triggered by these interactions, maintaining persistent malfunctions in specific brain regions. Here we aim to study brain‐region‐specific epigenetic signatures following exposure to cocaine in a mouse model of addiction to this drug. Extreme subpopulations of vulnerable and resilient phenotypes were selected to identify miRNA signatures for differential vulnerability to cocaine addiction. We used an operant model of intravenous cocaine self‐administration to evaluate addictive‐like behaviour in rodents based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition criteria to diagnose substance use disorders. After cocaine self‐administration, we performed miRNA profiling to compare two extreme subpopulations of mice classified as resilient and vulnerable to cocaine addiction. We found that mmu‐miR‐34b‐5p was downregulated in the nucleus accumbens of vulnerable mice with high motivation for cocaine. On the other hand, mmu‐miR‐1249‐3p was downregulated on vulnerable mice with high levels of motor disinhibition. The elucidation of the epigenetic profile related to vulnerability to cocaine addiction is expected to help find novel biomarkers that could facilitate the interventions to battle this devastating disorder.
Expression of chemerin in intestinal mucosa of calves with comparable expression level with other antimicrobial proteins
Authors: Suzuki Yutaka , Kubota Kanako , Haga Satoshi , Hayashi Hideaki , Oishi Mutsumi , Miura Hiroto , Roh Sanggun , Koike Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeonatal calves are highly susceptible to infectious disorders including diarrhea. Therefore, epithelial innate immunity, including antimicrobial peptides/proteins (AMPs), is important during the early stage of their lives. Chemerin, a multifunctional protein that was originally identified as a chemokine, possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. The present study investigated the expression levels of chemerin in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of growing calves. Chemerin and its coding gene, retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), were highly expressed in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with other parts of the GI tract. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that chemerin‐producing cells were localized in the crypt of the intestinal mucosa. Finally, the expression level of RARRES2 was higher compared with those of other major AMPs in duodenum, although it was lower compared with that of enteric β‐defensin but mostly higher than those of other AMPs in jejunum and ileum at various ages in calves. The expression levels of RARRES2 were not influenced by the age of calves in duodenum and jejunum, whereas a higher expression level of RARRES2 in ileum was observed in younger calves. This study revealed that chemerin is produced in the small intestine of calves and has the potential to contribute to the gut epithelial barrier system.
“Neither it had social work components nor experiential”: Students' perspectives of online fieldwork practice during COVID‐19 in India
Authors: Negi Dandub Palzor , E P Abdul Azeez 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores social work students' perspectives of online fieldwork practice that emerged due to sudden disruption in field placement as a result of the outbreak of COVID‐19 in India. We have recruited and interviewed 32 Master's students from five north‐Indian universities to participate in the research. The study's findings highlight ill‐equipped agencies lacking social work components in online/virtual field placement. Also, ethical dilemmas in working virtually, disconnectedness from the field, and superficial supervision were experienced by the students. The study result implies the urgent need to develop and innovate a pedagogical approach to deal with uncertainties and crises like the COVID‐19.
Multiwave validation sampling for error‐prone electronic health records
Authors: Shepherd Bryan E. , Han Kyunghee , Chen Tong , Bian Aihua , Pugh Shannon , Duda Stephany N. , Lumley Thomas , Heerman William J. , Shaw Pamela A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectronic health record (EHR) data are increasingly used for biomedical research, but these data have recognized data quality challenges. Data validation is necessary to use EHR data with confidence, but limited resources typically make complete data validation impossible. Using EHR data, we illustrate prospective, multiwave, two‐phase validation sampling to estimate the association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and the risks of her child developing obesity or asthma. The optimal validation sampling design depends on the unknown efficient influence functions of regression coefficients of interest. In the first wave of our multiwave validation design, we estimate the influence function using the unvalidated (phase 1) data to determine our validation sample; then in subsequent waves, we re‐estimate the influence function using validated (phase 2) data and update our sampling. For efficiency, estimation combines obesity and asthma sampling frames while calibrating sampling weights using generalized raking. We validated 996 of 10,335 mother‐child EHR dyads in six sampling waves. Estimated associations between childhood obesity/asthma and maternal weight gain, as well as other covariates, are compared to naïve estimates that only use unvalidated data. In some cases, estimates markedly differ, underscoring the importance of efficient validation sampling to obtain accurate estimates incorporating validated data.
Non‐surgical mechanical therapy of peri‐implantitis with or without repeated adjunctive diode laser application. A 6‐month double‐blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Klossner Sabrina , Stähli Alexandra , Imber Jean‐Claude , Eick Sigrun , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate the outcomes following non‐surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis (PI) with or without adjunctive diode laser application.Materials and methodsA double‐blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in 25 subjects with 25 implants diagnosed with PI. Following curettage of granulation tissue, test implants (T) were treated with adjunctive application of a diode laser for 90 s (settings: 810 nm, 2.5 W, 50 Hz, 10 ms), while at control implants (C) non‐activated adjunctive diode laser was applied. The entire treatment procedure was performed at days 0 (i.e., baseline), 7 and 14. The primary outcome measure was change in mean pocket probing depth (PPD). Clinical and microbiological outcomes, as well as host‐derived inflammatory markers were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months, while radiographic outcomes were assessed at baseline and at the 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsNo statistically significant differences with respect to baseline patient characteristic were observed. After 6 months, both test and control implants yielded statistically significant PPD changes compared with baseline (T: 1.28 and C: 1.47 mm) but without statistically significant difference between groups (p = .381). No statistically significant changes in peri‐implant marginal bone levels were detected (p = .936). No statistically significant differences between test and control implants were observed with respect to microbiological and host‐derived parameters (p > .05). At the 6‐month follow‐up, treatment success was observed in 41.7% (n = 5) of test and 46.2% (n = 6) of control patients, respectively (p = .821).ConclusionRepeated adjunctive application of diode laser in the non‐surgical management of PI failed to provide significant benefits compared with mechanical instrumentation alone.
Prevalence of repeat faecal immunochemical testing in symptomatic patients attending primary care
Authors: Johnstone Mark S. , MacLeod Campbell , Digby Jayne , Al‐Azzawi Yassir , Pang Grace , Watson Angus J. M. , Strachan Judith , Mowat Craig , McSorley Stephen T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for faecal haemoglobin (f‐Hb) helps determine the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been integrated into symptomatic referral pathways. ‘Safety netting’ advice includes considering referral for persistent symptoms, but no published data exists on repeated FITs. We aimed to examine the prevalence of serial FITs in primary care and CRC risk in these patients.MethodA multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted of patients with two or more consecutive f‐Hb results within a year from three Scottish Health Boards which utilize FIT in primary care. Cancer registry data ensured identification of CRC cases.ResultsOverall, 135 396 FIT results were reviewed, of which 12 359 were serial results reported within 12 months (9.1%), derived from 5761 patients. Of these, 42 (0.7%) were diagnosed with CRC. A total of 3487 (60.5%) patients had two f‐Hb < 10 μg/g, 944 (16.4%) had f‐Hb ≥ 10 μg/g followed by <10 μg/g, 704 (12.2%) f‐Hb < 10 μg/g followed by ≥10 μg/g and 626 (10.9%) had two f‐Hb ≥ 10 μg/g. The CRC rate in each group was 0.1%, 0.4%, 1.4% and 4.0%, respectively. Seven hundred and thirty four patients submitted more than two FITs within a year. The likelihood of one or more f‐Hb ≥ 10 μg/g rose from 40.4% with two samples to 100% with six, while the CRC rate fell from 0.8% to 0%.ConclusionSerial FITs within a year account for 9.1% of all results in our Boards. CRC prevalence amongst symptomatic patients with serial FIT is lower than in single‐FIT cohorts. Performing two FITs within a year for patients with persistent symptoms effectively acts as a safety net, while performing more than two within this timeframe is unlikely to be beneficial.