bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Validation of a Torque-Controllable Series Elastic Actuator-Based Hip Exoskeleton for Dynamic Locomotion
Authors: Kang Inseung , Peterson Reese R. , Herrin Kinsey R. , Mazumdar Anirban , Young Aaron J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeries elastic actuators (SEAs) are increasingly popular in wearable robotics due to their high fidelity closed-loop torque control capability. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to characterize its performance when used in dynamic environments. However, the conventional design approach does not fully capture the complexity of the entire exoskeleton system. These limitations stem from identifying design criteria with inadequate biomechanics data, utilizing an off-the-shelf user interface, and applying a benchtop-based proportional-integral-derivative control for actual low-level torque tracking. While this approach shows decent actuator performance, it does not consider human factors such as the dynamic back-driving nature of human-exoskeleton systems as well as soft human tissue dampening during the load transfer. Using holistic design guidelines to improve the SEA-based exoskeleton performance during dynamic locomotion, our final system has an overall mass of 4.8 kg (SEA mass of 1.1 kg) and can provide a peak joint torque of 108 Nm with a maximum velocity of 5.2 rad/s. Additionally, we present a user state-based feedforward controller to further improve the low-level torque tracking for diverse walking conditions. Our study results provide future exoskeleton designers with a foundation to further improve SEA-based exoskeleton’s torque tracking response for maximizing human-exoskeleton performance during dynamic locomotion.
Intraoperative haemodynamic optimisation using the Hypotension Prediction Index and its impact on tissular perfusion: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lorente Juan Victor , Jimenez Ignacio , Ripollés-Melchor Javier , Becerra Alejandra , Wesselink Wilbert , Reguant Francesca , Mojarro Irene , Fuentes Maria de los Angeles , Abad-Motos Ane , Agudelo Elizabeth , Herrero-Machancoses Francisco , Callejo Paula , Bosch Joan , Monge Manuel Ignacio 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionIntraoperative arterial hypotension is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) developed using machine learning techniques, allows the prediction of arterial hypotension analysing the arterial pressure waveform. The use of this index may reduce the duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery. This study aims to determine whether a treatment protocol based on the prevention of arterial hypotension using the HPI algorithm reduces the duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension compared with the recommended goal-directed fluid therapy strategy and may improve tissue oxygenation and organ perfusion.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (N=80) in high-risk surgical patients scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery. All participants will be randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. Haemodynamic management in the control group will be based on standard haemodynamic parameters. Haemodynamic management of patients in the intervention group will be based on functional haemodynamic parameters provided by the HemoSphere platform (Edwards Lifesciences), including dynamic arterial elastance, dP/dtmax and the HPI. Tissue oxygen saturation will be recorded non-invasively and continuously by using near-infrared spectroscopy technology. Biomarkers of acute kidney stress (cTIMP2 and IGFBP7) will be obtained before and after surgery. The primary outcome will be the intraoperative time-weighted average of a mean arterial pressure <65 mm Hg.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hospital Gregorio Marañón (Meeting of 27 July 2020, minutes 18/2020, Madrid, Spain). Findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04301102.
Lightweight Robust Size Aware Cache Management
Authors: Einziger Gil , Eytan Ohad , Friedman Roy , Manes Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Modern key-value stores, object stores, Internet proxy caches, and Content Delivery Networks (CDN) often manage objects of diverse sizes, e.g., blobs, video files of different lengths, images with varying resolutions, and small documents. In such workloads, size-aware cache policies outperform size-oblivious algorithms. Unfortunately, existing size-aware algorithms tend to be overly complicated and computationally expensive.
Our work follows a more approachable pattern; we extend the prevalent (size-oblivious) TinyLFU cache admission policy to handle variable-sized items. Implementing our approach inside two popular caching libraries only requires minor changes. We show that our algorithms yield competitive or better hit-ratios and byte hit-ratios compared to the state-of-the-art size-aware algorithms such as AdaptSize, LHD, LRB, and GDSF. Further, a runtime comparison indicates that our implementation is faster by up to 3× compared to the best alternative, i.e., it imposes a much lower CPU overhead.
IsiXhosa Named Entity Recognition Resources
Authors: Eiselen Roald , Bukula Andiswa 
Published: June 2022

Named entity recognition has been one of the most widely researched natural language processing technologies over the past two decades. For the South African languages, however, relatively little research and development work has been done. This changed with the release of the NCHLT named entity annotated resources, a collection of named entity annotated data and Conditional Random Field-based named entity recognisers for ten of the official languages.
In this work, we provide a detailed description and linguistic analysis of the named entity (NE) annotated data for the agglutinative isiXhosa language, by analysing the morphosyntactic features relevant to the three main types of NE, viz. person, location, and organisation. From the data, we identify suffix and capitalisation features that may be good predictors of the different NE types. Based on these features, we describe the named entity recogniser and feature set developed as part of the NCHLT release. The recogniser has high precision, 0.9713 overall, but relatively low recall, 0.7409, especially for person names, 0.5963, resulting in an overall F-score of 0.8406. Although there are various avenues to improve the named entity recogniser, this is a significant release for a historically under-resourced language.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Mosaicism Revealed by a Multi-Tissue Analysis of Constitutional TP53 Status
Authors: Castillo Danielle , Yuan Tze-An , Nehoray Bita , Cervantes Aleck , Tsang Kevin K. , Yang Kai , Sand Sharon R. , Mokhnatkin Janet , Herzog Josef , Slavin Thomas P. , Hyman Sophie , Schwartz Alison , Ebert Benjamin L. , Amos Christopher I. , Garber Judy E. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Though germline TP53 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV) are associated with Li–Fraumeni syndrome, many detected by multigene panels represent aberrant clonal expansion (ACE), most due to clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Discerning ACE/CH from germline variants and postzygotic mosaicism (PZM) is critically needed for risk assessment and management.

Methods:
Participants in the Li-Fraumeni & TP53 Understanding & Progress (LiFT UP) study with a TP53 PV were eligible. Demographics, personal/family cancer history, and clinical laboratory test reports were obtained. DNA from multiple tissues was analyzed using a custom QIAseq assay (ACE panel) that included TP53 and other CH-associated genes; the ACE panel and eyebrow follicles were assessed in a workflow to discern TP53 PV clinical categories.

Results:
Among 134 participants there was a significant difference for the age at diagnosis (P &lt; 0.001), component cancers (P = 0.007), and clinical testing criteria (P &lt; 0.001), comparing germline with PZM or ACE. ACE panel analysis of DNA from 55 sets of eyebrow follicles (mean 1.4 ug) and 36 formalin-fixed, paraffin imbedded tissues demonstrated low variance (SE, 3%; P = 0.993) for TP53 variant allele fraction, with no significant difference (P = 0.965) between tissue types, and detected CH gene PVs. Of 55 multi-tissue cases, germline status was confirmed for 20, PZM in seven, ACE for 25, and three were indeterminate. Additional CH variants were detected in six ACE and two germline cases.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated an effective approach and tools for discerning germline TP53 status.

Impact:
Discernment of PZM and TP53-driven CH increases diagnostic accuracy and enables risk-appropriate care.
Modern Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Models: A Review
Authors: Bazil Maximilian J. , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Berenstein Alejandro , Bederson Joshua , Fifi Johanna T. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Research of William Hunter's hypothesized (then discovered) arteriovenous varix (now arteriovenous malformation [AVM]) has developed exponentially over the previous quarter‐millennium. Virchow and Luschka's subsequent contributions (nearly 100 years later) by identifying an AVM of the brain and its congenital nature were 2 of the first significant developments made in the field. AVMs present as an erroneous connection (known as a fistula) between an artery and a vein that bypasses the capillary circulation. The arteries and arterioles contributing to the malformation are known as feeders which connect to the draining veins via a plexiform vascular network known as a nidus. Prior to the design of a synthetic anastomosis coupled with vessel ligation by Spetzler et al, animal models were largely based on embolization or study of the normal anatomy. The animal and early genetic models have been reported on at length and numerous times across the literature, but novel developments spanning the previous decade have ushered in a technological revolution of vascular modeling that warrants discussion and analysis.

Methods
Parameterization of a PubMed query to include all literature including the words “brain,” “arteriovenous malformation,” and “model” yielded 489 articles. After extraction of relevant literature and full‐text screening, 41 articles were chosen for detailed review.

Results
Technological innovations outside of neurosurgery have greatly impacted the development of novel AVM models in the form of 3D flow models printed into silicon models and combined with advanced imaging technology such as 4D flow magnetic resonance imagin. Technological developments in preservation solutions, catheterization tools, and imaging technologies have also allowed for advent of the cerebrovascular placental model for testing of treatments such as radiosurgery, glue embolization, coiling, as well as histological assessment of tissue directly after intervention.

Conclusion
We review the breadth of AVM models in the literature over the last almost 5 decades.
Meteorological Factors Responsible for Major Power Outages during a Severe Freezing Rain Storm over Eastern Canada
Authors: Thériault Julie M. , McFadden Vanessa , Thompson Hadleigh D. , Cholette Mélissa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Winter precipitation is the source of many inconveniences in many regions of North America, for both infrastructure and the economy. The ice storm that hit the Canadian Maritime Provinces on 24–26 January 2017 remains one of the most expensive in history for the province of New Brunswick. Up to 50 mm of freezing rain caused power outages across the province, depriving up to one-third of New Brunswick residences of electricity, with some outages lasting 2 weeks. This study aims to use high-resolution atmospheric modeling to investigate the meteorological conditions during this severe storm and their contribution to major power outages. The persistence of a deep warm layer aloft, coupled with the slow movement of the associated low pressure system, contributed to widespread ice accumulation. When combined with the strong winds observed, extensive damage to electricity networks was inevitable. A 2-m temperature cold bias was identified between the simulation and the observations, in particular during periods of freezing rain. In the northern part of New Brunswick, cold-air advection helped keep temperatures below 0°C, while in southern regions, the 2-m temperature increased rapidly to slightly above 0°C because of radiational heating. The knowledge gained in this study on the processes associated with either maintaining or stopping freezing rain will enhance the ability to forecast and, in turn, to mitigate the hazards associated with those extreme events.

Significance Statement
A slow-moving low pressure system produced up to 50 mm of freezing rain for 31 h along the east coast of New Brunswick, Canada, on 24–26 January 2017, causing unprecedented power outages. Warm-air advection aloft, along with a combination of higher wind speeds and large amounts of ice accumulation, created ideal conditions for severe freezing rain. The storm began with freezing rain along the entire north–south cross section of eastern New Brunswick and changed to rain only in the south, when local temperatures increased to >0°C. Near-surface cold-air advection kept temperatures below 0°C in the north. Warming from the latent heat produced by freezing contributed to persistent near-0°C conditions during freezing rain.
Prediction of Trauma Mortality Incorporating Pre-injury Comorbidities Into Existing Mortality Scoring Indices
Authors: Ahmed Nasim , Kuo Yen-Hong 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive risk score of mortality in trauma victims that can predict the in-hospital mortality better than trauma injury severity score (TRISS) and A Severity Characterization of Trauma (ASCOT) score.MethodsAll hospitalized trauma patients, between the ages of 16 and 89 years old were included in the study. The National Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database of the calendar year 2011-2016 was accessed for the development of a traum mortality scoring system (TMS). The prediction of mortality was tested by creating a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and an area under the curve (AUC). ROCs and AUCs of TMS were compared with TRISS and ASCOT score.ResultsThe AUC of TMS (0.892, 95% CI: 0.888-0.896) was better than TRISS (0.864, 95% CI: 0.859-0.869, P <0.0001) and ASCOT (0.841, 95% CI: 0.835-0.846, P <0.0001), respectively, in blunt injury. Similarly, TMS prediction (AUC: 0.949, 95% CI: 0.940-0.958) was better in penetrating injury when compared with TRISS (0.942, 95% CI: 0.934-0.951, P = 0.030) and ASCOT (0.924, 95% CI: 0.912-0.936, P <0.0001), respectively.ConclusionTMS can predict the in-hospital mortality better than TRISS and ASCOT.
Interrupted transit and common mental disorders among migrants in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Bojorquez Ietza , Sepúlveda Jaime , Lee Deandra , Strathdee Steffanie 
Published: June 2022

Background: Policies of migration contention can interrupt the transit of people on the move, forcing them to remain in wait in non-destination countries. This liminal condition might impact negatively on migrants’ mental health. Aims: To assess the relationship between interrupted transit and common mental disorders (CMD; symptoms of depression or anxiety), among migrants in shelters in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted in November to December 2020 and February to April 2021. We assessed depressive symptoms with the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D-7), and symptoms of anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). We evaluated the association of being in interrupted transit (sent back from the United States to Mexico), as compared to having not crossed to the United States yet or planning to stay in Mexico, with having a CMD (either depressive or anxiety symptoms), as well as the association of other migration-related variables with CMD. Results: Being in interrupted transit (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.12, 2.71]), and having experienced violence during transit (OR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.63, 3.82]) were associated with CMD. Conclusions: Interrupted transit is a potential risk factor for mental health problems among migrants. Migration and public health policies should consider the mental health consequences of interrupted transit, and promote initiatives to address the mental health needs of migrants on the move.
Engaging in the Discourse of Fractions in a Bilingual Maltese Classroom
Authors: Farrugia Marie Thérèse 
Published: June 2022

Context: The island of Malta is a former British colony, and to this day, education continues to be accessed bilingually. For mathematics education, Maltese and English are used for verbal interaction, with subject-specific words tending to be retained in English. Written mathematics texts are in English, including textbooks, worksheets, digital texts, and examinations. Thus, the “academic” language of mathematics is generally considered—and accepted—to be English. Objective of Research: It is important for Maltese students to gain access to the academic (English) mathematics language to access the discourse of power and still use Maltese in the process. The focus of this study is language as part of the discourse of fractions. The research question was: How can Maltese bilingual children be supported in accessing the discourse of fractions? Participants: The author assumed the dual role of teacher and researcher. The students were 16 nine-year-old children attending a fourth-grade class. Six of these children also participated in two interviews each. Intervention: The author adopted a teacher/researcher role and taught the topic Fractions (five lessons). The topic was chosen at the request of the class teacher. The class teacher stated that although her students had previously mastered fractions of a region (e.g., 1/3 of a circle), they had not understood fractions of quantities (e.g., 1/3 of a set of 12 books). During her teaching, the author focused on language explicitly; she started discussions on fractions with the students using Maltese and English, and gently prompted them toward increased use of mathematical English. The aim of this more detailed articulation of mathematical ideas was for the children to express a better understanding of fractions of quantities. Research Design: This qualitative case study centered its analysis on the classroom interaction and interview data. The theoretical framework drew from Anna Sfard’s definition of mathematical discourse, namely, that a discourse consists of words, endorsed narratives, routines, and visual mediators. “Understanding of fractions” was considered in terms of participation in, or engagement with, in the discourse of fractions. Conclusions: The initial use of translanguaging enabled new discourse elements related to endorsed narratives, routines, and visual mediators. These three elements then supported lengthier and varied contributions in the academic language, and thus, I argue that the endorsed narratives, routines, and visual mediators served as “anchors” to support new language practices (new words of the discourse). Ultimately, the children’s engagement with the four discourse elements indicated that by the end of the five lessons, they had a better understanding of fractions of quantities.
Weekday breakfast habits and mood at the start of the school morning
Authors: Kawabata Masato , Burns Stephen Francis , Choo Hui-Cheng , Lee Kerry 
Published: June 2022

Background Good nutrition, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep are important for promoting health. However, it is not well characterized how these lifestyle behaviours are associated with mood at the start of school days. Aim To identify the weekday health-related behaviours (breakfast intake, physical activity, and sleep) of Singaporean adolescents and explore their associations with mood at the beginning of the school morning. Methods 365 adolescents (52.3% boys, 47.7% girls) aged 14–19 years ( M = 16.9, SD = 1.3 years) completed a survey set on breakfast habits, physical activity participation, sleep duration, and mood. Results More than one-third (38.6%) of participants never (15.0%) or irregularly (23.6%) consumed breakfast on weekdays. Adolescents consuming breakfast irregularly reported significantly higher negative mood scores than regular breakfast consumers ( p = .002; d = .404). Almost two-thirds (64.1%) of adolescents did <60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on weekdays and reported lower positive morning mood scores than those who ≥60 min of MVPA ( p = .014; d = .284). Although most (88.3%) adolescents slept <8 h each night, sleep duration was not related to either positive mood or negative mood. Conclusion The present study suggests that eating breakfast on a regular basis and completing for ≥60 min of weekday MVPA are useful behaviours to start school days in a better mood. Parents and health educators should recognise the importance of establishing these habits and support students by instigating practical approaches so they can achieve a regular breakfast intake and physical activity engagement.
Clinical outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of May–Thurner syndrome-related deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Wei Wen-Cheng , Hsin Chun-Hsien , Yang Hsuan-Tzu , Su Ta-Wei , Su I-Hao , Chu Sung-Yu , Ko Po-Jen , Yu Sheng-Yueh , Lee Chun-Hui 
Published: June 2022

Objective May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an anatomic stenotic variation associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the left leg. The classical DVT treatment strategy is medical treatment without thrombus removal. This study was performed to assess the clinical outcomes of the combination of AngioJet™ rheolytic thrombectomy and stenting for treatment of MTS-related DVT. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated for MTS-related DVT from January 2017 to June 2020 at a single institution. Results Fourteen patients (nine women) underwent AngioJet™ rheolytic thrombectomy for MTS-related DVT during the study period. The median DVT onset time was 8 days (interquartile range (IQR), 3–21 days). The median procedure time was 130 minutes (IQR, 91–189 minutes), and the median hospital stay was 7 days (IQR, 5–26 days). One patient had a residual thrombus and occluded iliac stent and underwent adjuvant catheter-directed thrombolysis for revascularization. The primary patency rate for the iliac stent was 92.9% at 12 months. Conclusion Concomitant AngioJet™ rheolytic thrombectomy and stenting of MTS-induced lesions may be beneficial for patients with MTS-related DVT.