bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroboscopic vision prolongs visual motion perception in the central nervous system
Authors: Hülsdünker Thorben , Fontaine Gaetan , Mierau Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Stroboscopic training has repeatedly been shown to improve visual and visuomotor performance in sports. Although recent research suggests that stroboscopic vision puts a training stimulus to the central nervous system, the underlying mechanism how it affects motion perception and processing in the brain is still unknown. Twenty‐six participants performed a computer‐based simple reaction test in response to a visual motion stimulus under normal (baseline) and stroboscopic conditions (5 Hz frequency, 40% duty cycle) (stroboscopic). A third condition under normal vision intermittently stopped the motion stimulus at the same frequency and duty cycle as in the stroboscopic condition. This condition controlled for the amount of visual motion information independent of the shutter glasses (screen shutter) and provided information about the effect of luminance changes induced by the stroboscopic eyewear. A 64‐channel EEG was recorded to determine the amplitude and latency of the N2 component as a correlate of visual motion perception in the motion‐sensitive visual area MT. Reaction time under stroboscopic conditions was significantly delayed when compared to both the baseline (p < 0.001) and screen shutter (p < 0.001) conditions. This was accompanied by a significantly prolonged N2 latency (p < 0.001) and lower N2 amplitude (p < 0.001) with the shutter glasses. There was no difference in reaction time or N2 amplitude/latency between the baseline and screen shutter condition (p ≥ 0.176). Stroboscopic eyewear delays the speed of visual motion perception and processing in the central nervous system and reduces the visuomotor reaction speed. This may form the neurophysiological basis for performance gains following stroboscopic training.
INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. EXTRACTS AGAINST SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS
Authors: Zhurinov M. , Miftakhova A. , Shustov A. , Keyer V. , Solodova E. 
Published: September 2022

The article describes preparing extracts of Artemisia annua L. and the use of the extracts to compare the virus-inhibiting activity against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
The extracts were prepared using hot water, water-alcohol mixture and butanol. The extracts were tested in screening-format tests on Vero E6 cells to measure the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. Values of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) which measure the cytotoxicity were as follows: for the hot-water extract - 1587 µg/ml, for butanol extract - 713 µg/ml, and for water-alcohol extract >2000 µg/ml. The quite high IC50 values indicate that the hot-water and butanol extracts have little cytotoxicity, and the water-alcohol extract is not toxic in vitro.
Protection from the virus-induced cytopathic effect was observed in infected cultures upon addition of the extracts. Concentrations at which the extracts demonstrate the highest protection were measured by counting densities of live cells (in infected cultures)using the MTT-test. The results of the MTT-testin a form of dependence of optical densities from extracts’ concentrations are presented in the paper. All three extracts show the ability to inhibit the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For hot-water and butanol extracts, the peak density of live cells in infected cultures was observed when the extracts were present at the concentration of 667 μg/ml;however at the higher concentration (2000 µg/ml), both extracts inhibit cell growth. However, none of the three extracts at the optimal concentration completely suppress viral replication.The work needs to be continued to produce an effective herbal drug against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Axial Compressor Map Generation Leveraging Autonomous Self-Training Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Burlaka Maksym , Moroz Leonid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The paper describes the study performed by SoftInWay in the scope of the Phase I SBIR project funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The project was dedicated to a study of optimization of the variable geometry reset angle schedules with the use of innovative autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In the scope of the project, an automated compressor performance data generation workflow was developed. Three highly loaded multistage axial compressors were designed. The developed workflow was used to generate the training, validation, and test data sets for all three compressors. Multiple different architectures of artificial neural networks were studied, and parametric models for the representation of performance speedlines were developed. Utilizing the developed approaches, artificial neural networks were trained for all three compressors to predict their performance with a relative error below 3%. The trained neural networks were successfully used in the optimization of the variable inlet guide vanes and variable stator vanes reset angle schedules with a relative error of total-to-total pressure ratio prediction below 2% for most of the points and relative error of total-to-total efficiency prediction below 1% for all the points of the operational line. The capability of the developed AI models to accurately predict the optimal combination of reset angles and efficiency of the axial compressor with multiple vanes controlled independently allowed doing quick evaluations of efficiency and stability margins. The availability of such information enables the opportunity to make technical-economical decisions about the reasonability of implementation of independent variable vanes and their number during engine system analysis.
Mitigation of Boundary Layer Ingestion Circumferential Distortion Using Nonaxisymmetric Fan Exit Guide Vanes
Authors: Hall D. K. , Greitzer E. M. , Tan C. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an assessment of the effect of nonaxisymmetric fan exit guide vanes (FEGVs) to mitigate, or even reduce to zero, the impact of circumferential flow distortion—such as created by boundary layer ingestion (BLI)—on fan rotor efficiency and vibratory structural forcing. The fan response to circumferential nonuniformities is characterized, for two-dimensional flow, in terms of the variations in incidence angle and unsteady rotor forces. FEGV designs with nonaxisymmetric exit flow angle perturbations can eliminate either of these. More importantly, nonaxisymmetric stator row designs can reduce both nonuniformities relative to the influence of an axisymmetric stator row. This suggests that design for distortion need not involve a tradeoff between performance and aeromechanics; a nonaxisymmetric aerodynamic design approach can improve both simultaneously. Analysis of the impact of stage design parameters has been carried out to determine FEGV exit flow angle variations that shield the rotor from the adverse effects of circumferential distortions representative of BLI. The results indicate that inlet distortion effects can be mitigated with realizable nonaxisymmetric FEGVs. The magnitude of the geometry variations required decreases with decreased axial rotor–stator spacing and increased flow coefficient.
Moiré Tuning of the Dynamic Behavior of a Twisted Bilayer van der Waals Material Resonator
Authors: Liu Rumeng , He Jiaye , Zhang Jicheng , Wang Lifeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fully atomistic simulations and a sandwich plate model are used to study the dynamic behavior of twisted 3R-MoS2 bilayers. The simulations demonstrate that for a very small twist angle, the Moiré pattern leads to the symmetry breaking of the interlayer van der Waals energy on the scale of tens of nanometers and causes the dynamic behavior of twisted 3R-MoS2 bilayers to show strong position dependence. In particular, obvious mode pair splitting is observed in twisted 3R-MoS2 bilayer resonators where the interlayer van der Waals energy distribution is nonaxisymmetric. An analysis of the results of these molecular dynamic calculations shows that this behavior can be well explained using the sandwich plate model considering the nonuniform interlayer shear effect. Moreover, the twisted 3R-MoS2 bilayer relaxation mechanism involves the transition from AA stacking order with higher interlayer van der Waals potential energy to AB or BA stacking order, resulting in local buckling in the bilayers. The natural frequencies of resonators dominated by AA domains are much lower than those of resonators dominated by AB domains and even less than those of single-layer 3R-MoS2. Furthermore, as the radius increases, the frequency shows an abnormal trend, and a frequency gap is observed in the resonators dominated by AA domains.
A Hamiltonian Formulation on Manifolds for Dynamic Modeling of Constrained Mechanisms and Energy-Preserving Integration
Authors: Li Hongchen , Ding Ye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The dynamic modeling of multibody system is crucial in motion simulations, design, and control of mechanisms. This paper proposes a Hamiltonian formulation on manifolds for mechanism modeling which involves three key steps: (1) the local parameterization of regular configuration space; (2) the coordinate formulation of the Legendre transformation; and (3) the derivation of Hamiltonian equations. Geometric numerical integrators can be naturally deployed on the proposed formulation and achieve a long-time energy-preserving integration. Based on parametric symplectic integrators and the chart-splicing technique, a novel energy-preserving scheme is proposed. Simulations on two constrained mechanisms verify our claims.
Paleoproterozoic tectonics of the northern Colorado Rocky Mountains Front Range, USA
Authors: Baird Graham B. , Grover Timothy W. , Mahan Kevin H. , Frothingham Michael G. , Raschke Markus B. , Möller Andreas , Chumley Adam S. , Hooker Jacob C. , Kelly Nigel M. , Allaz Julien M. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Two models have been proposed to explain continental crust generation in accretionary orogens. One model suggests that accretionary orogens are formed by the successive collision of juvenile arcs. The second model invokes tectonic switching, which is the repeated cycles of slab rollback and extensional backarc basin formation followed by basin collapse caused by collision, shallow subduction, and/or increased convergence rate. The northern Colorado Front Range, specifically in and around the Big Thompson, Rist, and Poudre Canyons, offers excellent exposures of Paleoproterozoic rocks to test which accretionary model best explains crust generation for a portion of the Yavapai Province.
In this contribution we have two goals: The first is to provide a field-trip guide that augments Mahan et al.’s (2013) field guide, which uses many stops that have become inaccessible or have changed because of catastrophic flooding that occurred in September 2013. This more current guide focuses on a variety of mostly Paleoproterozoic rocks within what some call the Poudre Basin. These rocks include clastic metasedimentary rocks, amphibolite, the Big Thompson Canyon tonalite suite, the northern Front Range granodiorite, granitic pegmatites, and Mesoproterozoic Silver Plume granite. The second goal is to present and synthesize new and existing geochemistry, geochronology, and isotopic data, and then discuss the origins, age, deformation, and metamorphism of these rocks in the context of the proposed tectonic models.
These data were synthesized into the following tectonic model for the Poudre Basin. At ca. 1780 Ma, the juvenile Green Mountain arc, located today along the Colorado-Wyoming border, formed and extended shortly thereafter during slab rollback, resulting in the extensional backarc Poudre basin between the diverging arc fragments. Sedimentation within the basin began at inception and continued to ca. 1735 Ma when basin rocks were intruded by the Big Thompson Canyon tonalite suite and the northern Front Range granodiorite, all of which were subsequently metamorphosed and deformed at ca. 1725 Ma. Felsic magmatism and deformation within the basin were perhaps driven by the northward shallow subduction of an oceanic plateau or seamount. This suggests that following accretion of the Green Mountain Arc, tectonic switching explains formation and collapse of the Poudre Basin and creation of some of northern Colorado’s crust.
Structure, chronology, kinematics, and geodynamics of tectonic extension in the greater Catalina metamorphic core complex, southeastern Arizona, USA
Authors: Spencer Jon E. , Richard Stephen M. , Bykerk-Kauffman Ann , Constenius Kurt N. , Valencia Victor A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOligocene and early Miocene displacement on the Catalina–San Pedro detachment fault and its northern correlatives uncovered mylonitic fabrics that form the greater Catalina metamorphic core complex in southeastern Arizona, USA. Gently to moderately dipping mylonitic foliations in the complex are strongly lineated, with a lineation-azimuth average of 064–244° and dominantly top-southwest shear sense over the entire 115-km-long mylonite belt. Reconstruction of detachment fault displacement based on a variety of features indicates 40–60 km of displacement, with greater displacement in more southern areas. Widespread 26–28 Ma volcanism during early extensional basin genesis was followed by 24–26 Ma granitoid magmatism. Cooling of footwall mylonites continued until 22–24 Ma, as indicated by 40Ar/39Ar mica dates. Lower temperature thermochronometers suggest that footwall exhumation was still underway at ca. 20 Ma. Tectonic reconstruction places a variety of unmetamorphosed supracrustal units in the Tucson and Silver Bell Mountains above equivalent units that were metamorphosed and penetratively deformed in the Tortolita and Santa Catalina Mountains. This restored juxtaposition is interpreted as a consequence of older Laramide thrust burial of the deformed units, with northeast-directed thrusting occurring along the Wildhorse Mountain thrust in the Rincon Mountains and related but largely concealed thrusts to the northwest. Effective extensional exhumation of lower plate rocks resulted from a general lack of internal extension of the upper plate wedge. This is attributed to a stable sliding regime during the entire period of extension, with metamorphic core complex inflation by deep crustal flow leading to maintenance of wedge surface slope and detachment fault dip that favored stable sliding rather than internal wedge extension.
New Possibilities of the CpFit Program for Approximating Heat Contents and Heat Capacities
Authors: Voskov A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Created in 2016 at Moscow State University’s Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, the CpFit program is designed to approximate experimental data on the heat contents and isobaric heat capacities of individual substances using third-generation CALPHAD models that include weighted sums of Einstein functions. It supports approximating anomalies in heat capacity according to excess contributions. Support for robust regression and the ability of users to specify arbitrary anomalous contributions to heat capacity in the interpreted Lua programming language have also been added to the CpFit program. CpFit is a cross-platform free software distributed under the GNU GPL 2 license.
Biphasic change in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness from 30 to 60 weeks postmenstrual age in preterm infants
Authors: Shen Liangbo L. , Mangalesh Shwetha , McGeehan Brendan , Seely Kai R. , Tai Vincent , Sarin Neeru , Finkle Joanne , Winter Katrina P. , Tran-Viet Du , Freedman Sharon F. , El-Dairi Mays A. , Ying Gui-Shuang , Toth Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2022

Background/AimsThe optic nerve development during the critical postnatal weeks of preterm infants is unclear. We aimed to investigate the change of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in preterm infants.MethodsWe used an investigational handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to serially image awake preterm infants between 30 and 60 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) at the bedside. We assessed RNFL thickness in the papillomacular bundle and nasal macular ganglion cell layer+inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) thickness. We applied a segmented mixed model to analyse the change in the thickness of RNFL and GCL+IPL as a function of PMA.ResultsFrom 631 OCT imaging sessions of 101 infants (201 eyes), RNFL thickness followed a biphasic model between 30 and 60 weeks, with an estimated transition at 37.8 weeks PMA (95% CI: 37.0 to 38.6). RNFL thickness increased at 1.8 μm/week (95% CI: 1.6 to 2.1) before 37.8 weeks and decreased at −0.3 μm/week (95% CI: −0.5 to −0.2) afterwards. GCL+IPL thickness followed a similar biphasic model, in which the thickness increased at 2.9 μm/week (95% CI: 2.5 to 3.2) before 39.5 weeks PMA (95% CI: 38.8 to 40.1) and then decreased at −0.8 μm/week (95% CI: −0.9 to −0.6).ConclusionWe demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring RNFL and GCL+IPL thickness from OCT during the postnatal weeks of preterm infants. Thicknesses follow a biphasic model with a transition age at 37.8 and 39.5 weeks PMA, respectively. These findings may shed light on optic nerve development in preterm infants and assist future study designs.
Measurement properties for muscle strength tests following anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injury: What tests to use and where do we need to go? A systematic review with meta-analyses for the OPTIKNEE consensus
Authors: Urhausen Anouk P , Berg Bjørnar , Øiestad Britt Elin , Whittaker Jackie L , Culvenor Adam G , Crossley Kay M , Juhl Carsten B , Risberg May Arna 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesCritically appraise and summarise the measurement properties of knee muscle strength tests after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or meniscus injury using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias checklist.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses. The modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-guided assessment of evidence quality.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTSDiscus searched from inception to 5 May 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies evaluating knee extensor or flexor strength test reliability, measurement error, validity, responsiveness or interpretability in individuals with ACL and/or meniscus injuries with a mean injury age of ≤30 years.ResultsThirty-six studies were included involving 31 different muscle strength tests (mode and equipment) in individuals following an ACL injury and/or an isolated meniscus injury. Strength tests were assessed for reliability (n=8), measurement error (n=7), construct validity (n=27) and criterion validity (n=7). Isokinetic concentric extensor and flexor strength tests were the best rated with sufficient intrarater reliability (very low evidence quality) and construct validity (moderate evidence quality). Isotonic extensor and flexor strength tests showed sufficient criterion validity, while isometric extensor strength tests had insufficient construct and criterion validity (high evidence quality).ConclusionKnee extensor and flexor strength tests of individuals with ACL and/or meniscus injury lack evidence supporting their measurement properties. There is an urgent need for high-quality studies on these measurement properties. Until then, isokinetic concentric strength tests are most recommended, with isotonic strength tests a good alternative.
Protective factors against depressive symptoms among Brazilian healthcare workers during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Januario Eric Marques , Valdivia Lucianne Jobim , Schmitt Júnior Antonio Augusto , de Almeida Claudino Felipe Cesar , Brenner Augusto Mädke , Sica da Rocha Neusa 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among healthcare workers and possible factors associated with this outcome (resilience, spirituality, social support, quality of life, among other individual variables). Our hypothesis is that some of these factors can have a protective effect on depressive symptoms.DesignWeb-based cross-sectional survey.SettingParticipants were recruited online from 16 April to 23 April 2020.Participants1043 healthcare workers, predominantly Brazilians, aged 18 years or older.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDepression was the primary outcome, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Possible protective factors were measured in the following ways: social support was assessed by the modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOS-SS); spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs (SRPB) were evaluated using the 9-item SRPB module of the brief WHO Quality of Life instrument (WHOQoL-SRPB-bref); quality of life was assessed using the brief EUROHIS instrument for Quality of Life (EUROHIS-QoL 8-item); resilience was assessed using the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10).Results23% met the criteria for depression according to the PHQ-9 scale. Quality of life (B=−3.87 (−4.30 to −3.43), β=−0.37, p<0.001), social support (B=−0.32 (−0.59 to −0.05), β=−0.04, p=0.022), resilience (B=−0.19 (−0.23 to −0.15), β=−0.20, p<0.001), SRPB (B=−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.02), β=−0.01, p<0.001) and physical exercise (B=−0.95 (−1.40 to −0.51), β=−0.08, p<0.001) demonstrated protective effects against depression.ConclusionHealthcare workers have a high risk of developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those working in the front line. However, there are factors that seem to work as protective mechanisms against depression, notably perceived quality of life.
Secondhand smoking exposure and quality of life among pregnant and postnatal women: a network approach
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhang Meng , Bo Hai-Xin , Zhang Dong-Ying , Ma Liang-Kun , Wang Pei-Hong , Liu Xiao-Hua , Ge Li-Na , Lin Wen-Xuan , Xu Yang , Zhang Ya-Lan , Li Feng-Juan , Xu Xu-Juan , Wu Hong-He , Jackson Todd , Ungvari Gabor S , Cheung Teris , Meng Li-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke, its correlates and its association with quality of life (QOL) among pregnant and postnatal Chinese women.DesignThis was a multicentre, cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were consecutively recruited from eight tertiary hospitals located in eight municipalities or provinces in China.ParticipantsA total of 1140 women were invited to join this study and 992 (87.02%) completed all measures.Primary and secondary outcomeMeasures women’s secondhand smoking behaviour (frequency and location of exposure to secondhand smoking), and their QOL measured by the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire.ResultsA total of 211 women (21.3%, 95% CI 18.7% to 23.8%) had been exposed to secondhand smoking. Exposure to secondhand smoking was most common in public areas (56.4%), and residential homes (20.5%), while workplaces had the lowest rate of exposure (13.7%). Women with physical comorbidities were more likely to report secondhand smoking exposure, while older women, women living in urban areas, those with college or higher education level, and women in their second trimester were less likely to report exposure to secondhand smoking. Network analysis revealed that there were six significant links between secondhand smoke and QOL items. The strongest negative edge was the connection between secondhand smoke and QOL9 (‘physical environment health’, edge weight=−0.060), while the strongest positive edge was the connection between secondhand smoke and QOL3 (‘pain and discomfort’, edge weight=0.037).ConclusionThe prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoking is becoming lower among pregnant and postnatal women in China compared with findings reported in previous studies. Legal legislation should be maintained and promptly enforced to establish smoke-free environments in both public and private urban/rural areas for protection of pregnant and postnatal women, especially those who are physically vulnerable and less educated.