bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrical synchronization of extreme rainfall events in southwest China
Authors: Qiao Panjie , Gong Zhiqiang , Liu Wenqi , Zhang Yongwen , Feng Guolin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on the complex network method, this study reveals the temporal and spatial characteristics of the synchronization of extreme rainfall events in southwest China (SWC) during the main rainfall season (May–September). Our results show the significant synchronization pattern of extreme rainfall events in SWC, which is closely associated with the convergence of warm‐wet air and cold‐dry air and the corresponding occurrence of extreme rainfall in SWC. The network divergence indicates a dominated direction of the net influence of extreme rainfall from the Sichuan Basin to the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, implying the extreme rainfall synchronization moving from north to south in SWC is more frequent than the opposite direction. The development of the low vortex and the north wind system usually shows a movement from north to south, resulting in the evolution of extreme rainfall events more tend to present a southward movement. The low‐reinforced latitude cyclonic circulation leads to the strengthened transportation of water vapour from the tropical area to the north and converges with the anticyclonic circulation in the mid‐latitudes to form the movement of heavy rainfall events from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin. Therefore, the synchronization direction of extreme rainfall events in SWC has obvious asymmetry spatial feature due to the more frequent and stronger circulation system moving from north to south than the opposite.
The anomalously cold January 2017 in the south‐eastern Europe in a warming climate
Authors: Demirtaş Meral 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe January 2017 wintry weather spread over the south‐eastern Europe and Turkey ‐which led to extremely low temperatures (−40°C) and snowstorms. This study strived to draw together key prominent dynamical mechanisms governing seasonal temperature variability in a warming climate, which can serve as a recognizable flow pattern and yield insights into their most important triggering mechanisms and maintenance. The connection between cold spells and atmospheric blocking was elucidated by utilizing an objective cold‐wave indicator and a two‐dimensional blocking indicator. The cold‐wave indicator ‐which uses a non‐parametric approach to diagnose a spatiotemporally varying minimum temperature threshold‐ gave an objective account of cold spells of January 2017. An analysis of cold‐wave activities indicated that parts of Europe and Turkey went through very cold weather conditions for approximately 7–12 days. Cold spells were closely related to the position of the blocking and the 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies. The horizontal distribution of surface temperature anomalies indicated that associated temperature anomalies were quite large in the south‐eastern Europe and Turkey. The persistence of the anticyclone over the eastern Atlantic steered the low pressure system towards the south‐eastern Europe and Turkey. The collocation of prominent atmospheric patterns led to the formation of extreme cold spells. Our results of two‐dimensional atmospheric blocking index revealed that blocking lasted for 5 days over the eastern Atlantic ‐which enabled anticyclonic conditions persisting. Diagnostics indicate that the imposed blocking over the north‐east Atlantic alters the direction and strength of the zonal flow in the south‐eastern Europe, which influences the behaviour of synoptic‐scale flow in its downstream. These results are consistent with the inferences drawn from surface temperature analyses, which accentuate the role of blocking imposed circulation on the anomalous low temperature anomalies. Characteristics of blocking at the north‐eastern Atlantic shed light on the winter climate variability over Europe and Turkey.
The impact of meteorological factors on COVID‐19 of California and its lag effect
Authors: Wei Haitao , Liu Shihao , Liu Yan , Liu Bang , Gong Xiyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs of March 30, 2021, COVID‐19 has been circulating globally for more than 1 year, posing a huge threat to the safety of human life and property. Understanding the relationship between meteorological factors and the COVID‐19 can provide positive help for the prevention and control of the global epidemic. We take California as the research object, use Geodetector to screen out the meteorological factors with the strongest explanatory power for the epidemic, then use partial correlation analysis to study the correlation between the two, and finally construct a distributed lag non‐linear model (DLNM) to further explore the relationship between the dominant factor and COVID‐19 and its lag effect. It turns out that temperature has a greater impact on COVID‐19 and the two have a significant negative correlation. When the temperature is lower than 50°F, it has a significant promotion effect on the epidemic, and the relative risk (RR) increases approximately exponentially as the temperature decreases. The delayed effect of the cold effect on the epidemic can be as long as 15 days. This study has shown that more attention should be paid to epidemic prevention and control when the temperature is low, and the delay effect of temperature on the spread of the epidemic cannot be ignored.
Simultaneous measurement of ammonia and ethylene using hollow waveguide‐based wavelength modulation spectroscopy with a 9.56 μm quantum cascade laser
Authors: Li Jinyi , He Lingui , Tian Xinli , Wei Yingying , Yang Sen , Du Zhenhui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimultaneous measurement of ammonia and ethylene is of great significance for atmospheric environmental monitoring, industrial process controlling and medical respiratory diagnosing. A wavelength modulation spectroscopy based on a 9.56 μm quantum cascade laser (QCL) and a hollow waveguide with a length of 5 m is reported for simultaneous gas sensing of ammonia (NH3) and ethylene (C2H4). The strong absorption lines of NH3 and C2H4 located at 1046.4 and 1045.97 cm−1, respectively, are selected, which can be covered by current tuning of the QCL. Based on the measured frequency modulation characteristics of the QCL, the modulation amplitude is optimized. The sensor performance evaluation shows that it has a sensitivity of 63.2 ppb and 0.775 ppm for NH3 and C2H4 respectively, with time resolution of 1 s. Furthermore, Allan variance analysis shows that the detection limit of NH3 and C2H4 can reach 7 ppb and 45 ppb, respectively, for about 100 s averaging time. The system is stable and robust, thus could be used in real‐time monitoring of atmospheric environment and extended to the field of exhaled breath analysis in the future.
Mapped shape optimization method for the rational design of cellular mechanical metamaterials under large deformation
Authors: Xue Tianju , Mao Sheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoft cellular mechanical metamaterials (CMMs) have gained increasing attention due to their unique mechanical properties, especially when under large deformation. However, the strong nonlinearities and complex instabilities brought by the large deformation field is a critical challenge for the rational design of soft CMMs. In this work, we propose a mapped shape optimization method as a computational framework for inverse designs of soft CMMs. The core of this method is to introduce a fixed referential configuration. The geometric changes of the cellular structures are reflected by altering a differentiable shape map; and the deformation of the corresponding structures are determined by mapping the finite element computations to the referential configuration. Such formulation avoids the need to alter the background mesh and more importantly, provides an efficient way to compute the gradient of the objective functions with respect to the design variables via the adjoint method. The proposed method is of general purpose, and three distinct yet representative numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method: optimizing unique overall mechanical properties, precise control of the onset of instability, and optimizing phononic band gaps. These examples cover a broad range of important engineering applications of soft CMMs.
The counterbalancing effects of energy expenditure on body weight regulation: Orexigenic versus energy‐consuming mechanisms
Authors: Piaggi Paolo , Basolo Alessio , Martin Corby K. , Redman Leanne M. , Votruba Susanne B. , Krakoff Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWeight change is a dynamic function of whole‐body energy balance resulting from the interplay between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Recent reports have provided evidence for the existence of a causal effect of EE on energy intake, suggesting that increased EE may drive overeating, thereby promoting future weight gain. This study investigated the relationships between ad libitum energy intake and 24‐hour EE (24‐h EE) in sedentary conditions versus long‐term, free‐living weight change using a mediation analysis framework.MethodsNative American individuals (n = 61, body fat by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry: 39.7% [SD 9.5%]) were admitted to the clinical inpatient unit and had baseline measurements as follows: 1) 24‐h EE accurately measured in a whole‐room indirect calorimeter during energy balance and weight stability; and 2) ad libitum energy intake objectively assessed for 3 days using computerized vending machines. Free‐living weight change was assessed after a median follow‐up time of 1.7 years (interquartile range: 1.2‐2.9).ResultsThe total effect of 24‐h EE on weight change (−0.23 kg per 100‐kcal/d difference in EE at baseline) could be partitioned into the following two independent and counterbalanced effects: higher EE protective against weight gain (−0.46 kg per 100‐kcal/d difference in EE at baseline) and an orexigenic effect promoting overeating, thereby favoring weight gain (+0.23 kg per 100‐kcal/d difference in EE at baseline).ConclusionsThe overall impact of EE on body weight regulation should be evaluated by also considering its collateral effect on energy intake. Any weight loss intervention aimed to induce energy deficits by increasing EE should take into account any potential orexigenic effects that promote compensatory overeating, thereby limiting the efficacy of these obesity therapies.
The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the demand for different shades of green
Authors: Yap Kathleen K. L. , Soh Malcolm C. K. , Sia Angelia , Chin Wei Jun , Araib Sophianne , Ang Wei Ping , Tan Puay Yok , Er Kenneth B. H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

COVID‐19 has heightened the dependence of urban dwellers on cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces (UGS), specifically in regard to the provision of recreational opportunities, and psychological and physical health benefits arising from their use.

As different types and levels of cultural ecosystem services are provided by different types of UGS, people may seek out different UGS to satisfy personal needs over various phases of COVID‐19 mobility restrictions imposed by cities. We report on a study that took advantage of the different phases of COVID‐19 mobility restrictions to assess the demand for and perception of different types of UGS in Singapore.

The study utilised four datasets to compare demand for and visitorship patterns of UGS before the pandemic (Pre‐Circuit Breaker), the duration of the strictest mobility restrictions (Circuit Breaker), and after the measures were relaxed (Post‐Circuit Breaker). We used Google Search trends as a proxy for UGS demand, Google mobility data for an overview of population visitorship trends, visitor counts for granular insights on actual visitorship trends, and qualitative data on perception of parks by park visitors after restrictions eased. Parks were categorised as manicured and less manicured UGS for analysis.

Search interest for UGS overall fell by more than 50% from during Circuit Breaker but the post‐Circuit Breaker levels exceeded pre‐Circuit Breaker, with a 70.9% increase for less manicured UGS compared to 20.8% for manicured UGS. This corroborated with Google mobility and visitor counts, which showed a steep decrease in park use followed by a rapid increase in the same periods, and with increased visitorship in the less manicured UGS. The perception study also showed that more than 50% of respondents reported visiting parks that they have never visited before, and there was a greater appreciation and use of UGS after the pandemic and preference for less manicured and more naturalistic landscapes.

The pandemic has heightened the demand for cultural ecosystem services provided by UGS. Our study showed that this demand is not uniform across different types of UGS, with an increase visitorship and preference for less manicured green spaces.

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Improvements in ultra‐light and flexible epitaxial lift‐off GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs solar cells for space applications
Authors: Schön Jonas , Bissels Gunther M. M. W. , Mulder Peter , van Leest Rosalinda H. , Gruginskie Natasha , Vlieg Elias , Chojniak David , Lackner David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA thin, lightweight, flexible solar cell is developed that maximizes the power‐to‐mass ratio under AM0 illumination and has a competitive efficiency after typical high energy electron irradiation. The inverted metamorphic triple junction (IMM3J) solar cells with Ga0.51In0.49P/GaAs/Ga0.73In0.27As subcells are grown on GaAs substrates and have a total epitaxy thickness of about 10 μm. After epitaxial growth, the inverted layer stack is metallized, with the metal serving as back‐contact, back reflector and support layer for the ultra‐thin solar cells before the GaAs substrate is separated by an epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) process. The nondestructive nature of the ELO process makes multiple reuses of the GaAs substrate possible. The solar cell structure is optimized for maximum EOL efficiency, that is, after 1‐MeV electron irradiation with a fluence of 1 × 1015 cm−2, by means of simulations that include the irradiation induced defects in the various semiconductor alloys. Assuming realistic charge carrier lifetime in the materials, we predict a near‐term efficiency potential for the IMM3J ELO of 30.9% under AM0 illumination before and 26.7% after irradiation. Several IMM3J ELO solar cells with an area of approximately 20 cm2 from different development stages were tested under AM0 illumination. The newest solar cells (generation III) with a mass density of only 13.2 mg/cm2 reach conversion efficiencies of 30.2% at 25°C. The resulting power‐to‐mass ratio of 3.0 W/g for the bare solar cell is one of the highest published ratios. After irradiation, a conversion efficiency of 25.4% was measured for “generation II” devices under AM0 illumination, which corresponds to a power‐to‐mass ratio of 2.6 W/g. IMM3J ELO solar cells from “generation I” were also tested for mechanical stability as “de‐risking” test of this new cell technology. No degradation of the cell performance was found after dipping the cell in liquid N2 and then heating up to 25°C for five times, despite of strong deformation of the flexible cell during the temperature cycle.
Stemness Maintenance and Massproduction of Neural Stem Cells on Poly L‐Lactic Acid Nanofibrous Membrane Based on Piezoelectriceffect
Authors: Lu Xiheng , Sun Chunhui , Chen Lu , Feng Zhichao , Gao Haoyang , Hu Shuang , Dong Mengwei , Wang Jingang , Zhou Weijia , Ren Na , Zhou Hengxing , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) therapy is promising for treating neurodegenerative disorders and neural injuries. However, the limited in vitro expansion, spontaneous differentiation, and decrease in stemness obstruct the acquisition of high quantities of NSCs, restricting the clinical application of cell‐based therapies and tissue engineering. This article reports a facile method of promoting NSCs expansion and maintaining stemness using wireless electrical stimulation triggered by piezoelectric nanomaterials. A nanofibrous membrane of poly L‐lactic acid (PLLA) is prepared by electrostatic spinning, and the favorable piezoelectric property of PLLA facilitates the freeing of electrons after transformation. These self‐powered electric signals generated by PLLA significantly enhance NSCs proliferation. Further, an undifferentiated cellular state is maintained in the NSCs cultured on the surfaces of PLLA nanofibers exposed to ultrasonic vibration. In addition, the neural differentiation potencies and functions of NSCs expanded by piezoelectric‐driven localized electricity are not attenuated. Moreover, cell stemness can be maintained by wireless electric stimulation. Taken together, the electronic signals mediated by PLLA nanofibers facilitate NSCs proliferation. This efficient and simple strategy can maintain the stemness of NSCs during proliferation, which is essential for their clinical application, and opens up opportunities for the mass production of NSCs for use in cell therapy.
Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review
Authors: Datar Shreerang D. , Mane Rupali , Jha Neetu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCapacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox‐active electrolytes, or ion specific pre‐intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon‐based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization.Practitioner Points
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications.
Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion‐intercalation processes.
Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals.
Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC.
In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.
Frühsyphilis als Ursache einer Orchiektomie
Authors: Koch Lukas , Fink-Puches R. , Cerroni L. , Aigelsreiter A. , Sadoghi B. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungGranulomatöse und abszedierende Orchitiden sind wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen von Hodenkarzinomen. Eine infektiöse Orchitis sollte bei unklaren testikulären Raumforderungen mit negativen Tumormarkern immer bedacht werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird über den Fall eines 45-jährigen Mannes mit abszedierender Orchitis bedingt durch eine Frühsyphilis berichtet. Die Diagnose konnte erst nach Orchiektomie bei Verdacht auf ein Seminom gestellt werden.
Delaunay walk for fast nearest neighbor: accelerating correspondence matching for ICP
Authors: Anderson James D. , Raettig Ryan M. , Larson Josh , Nykl Scott L. , Taylor Clark N. , Wischgoll Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPoint set registration algorithms such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) are commonly utilized in time-constrained environments like robotics. Finding the nearest neighbor of a point in a reference 3D point set is a common operation in ICP and frequently consumes at least 90% of the computation time. We introduce a novel approach to performing the distance-based nearest neighbor step based on Delaunay triangulation. This greedy algorithm finds the nearest neighbor of a query point by traversing the edges of the Delaunay triangulation created from a reference 3D point set. Our work integrates the Delaunay traversal into the correspondences search of ICP and exploits the iterative aspect of ICP by caching previous correspondences to expedite each iteration. An algorithmic analysis and comparison is conducted showing an order of magnitude speedup for both serial and vector processor implementation.
Endogene Bildung von n‑Propanol
Authors: Wallendszus Susanne , Gehlen Nicolai , Rothschild Markus A. , Jübner Martin 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassungn‑Propanol wird endogen unter Ethanoleinfluss gebildet. Die Quelle des endogenen n‑Propanols ist bislang unbekannt. Mögliche Entstehungsorte sind der Darm oder die Leber. In dem hier dargestellten Pilotversuch wurde einer Testperson (n = 1) Ethanol intravenös (i.v.) verabreicht, um den Magen-Darm-Trakt zu umgehen. Während des Versuchs konnte mit steigender Ethanolkonzentration eine ebenfalls ansteigende n‑Propanol-Konzentration im Blut nachgewiesen werden, vergleichbar mit der n‑Propanol-Bildung bei vorherigen Studien nach oraler Aufnahme begleitstofffreier Alkoholika. In der Nullprobe war n‑Propanol nicht nachweisbar. Die Resultate des Versuches weisen darauf hin, dass endogenes n‑Propanol nicht im Magen-Darm-Trakt gebildet wird. Hinsichtlich der Aufklärung von Ort und Mechanismus der n‑Propanol-Formation sind weitere Experimente notwendig.