bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta2‐agonist increases skeletal muscle interleukin 6 production and release in response to resistance exercise in men
Authors: Hostrup Morten , Knudsen Jakob Grunnet , Kristensen Caroline Maag , Jessen Søren , Pilegaard Henriette , Bangsbo Jens 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveSeveral tissues produce and release interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in response to beta2‐adrenergic stimulation with selective agonists (beta2‐agonists). Moreover, exercise stimulates muscle IL‐6 production, but whether beta2‐agonists regulate skeletal muscle production and release of IL‐6 in humans in association with exercise remains to be clarified. Thus, we investigated leg IL‐6 release in response to beta2‐agonist salbutamol in lean young men at rest and in recovery from resistance exercise.DesignThe study employed a randomized controlled crossover design, where 12 men ingested either salbutamol (16 mg) or placebo for 4 days, followed by the last dose (24 mg) administered 1½ h before exercise. Arterial and femoral venous plasma IL‐6 as well as femoral artery blood flow was measured before and ½–5 h in recovery from quadriceps muscle resistance exercise. Furthermore, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected ½ and 5 h after exercise for determination of mRNA levels of IL‐6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)‐α.ResultsAverage leg IL‐6 release was 1.7‐fold higher (p = 0.01) for salbutamol than placebo, being 138 ± 76 and 79 ± 66 pg min−1 (mean ± SD) for salbutamol and placebo, respectively, but IL‐6 release was not significantly different between treatments within specific sampling points at rest and after exercise. Muscle IL‐6 mRNA was 1.5‐ and 1.7‐fold higher (p = 0.001) for salbutamol than placebo ½ and 5 h after exercise, respectively, whereas no significant treatment differences were observed for TNF‐α mRNA.ConclusionsBeta2‐adrenergic stimulation with high doses of the selective beta2‐agonist salbutamol, preceeded by 4 consecutive daily doses, induces transcription of IL‐6 in skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise, and increases muscle IL‐6 release in lean individuals.
Dose‐response association between step count and cardiovascular disease risk markers in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Hamer Mark , Blodgett Joanna M. , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

Several step‐based daily targets have been widely circulated, but there is a lack of empirical population‐based evidence to support such guidance. We examined dose‐response associations between step count and classical CVD risk markers (glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and C‐reactive protein) in 4665 adults (aged 46 years; 51.4% female) in a cross‐sectional study. Step counts were measured from a thigh mounted accelerometer (activPAL) worn over 7 days. The shape of the dose‐response curve for most risk markers was “L‐shaped,” with linear risk reduction up to around 10 000 steps a day. Controlling for stepping intensity did not materially alter our results.
Right‐Wing Populist Parties' Bordering Narratives in Times of Crisis: Anti‐Immigration Discourse in the Genevan Borderland during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Yerly Grégoire 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRight‐wing populist parties (RWPPs) view immigration as a threat to national identity and cultural and political cohesion. This paper explores the discourse on immigration of two such parties during a systemic crisis (the COVID‐19 pandemic) in a borderland area that entails a specific “symbolization” of the border as a result of geographic proximity. What kind of bordering narratives occur in this context, and how do they evolve? To answer these questions, the major RWPPs operating in the Geneva region were studied: the Genevan Swiss People's Party and the Geneva Citizens' Movement. Through a critical discourse analysis, a total of 181 documents published between 1 January and 31 August 2020 were analyzed, including the parties' official Facebook posts, press releases, and newspaper articles. Results show that the context of the pandemic favored the emergence of a strong re‐bordering narrative.
The conditional relationship between cultural and economic threats in white Americans’ support for refugee relocation programs
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Nassar Rita L. , Buyuker Beyza E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveScholars have reached conflicting results as to the relative importance of cultural and economic threats to majority group receptivity to immigrants and refugees. This study seeks to test whether cultural or economic threat has a stronger influence on white Americans’ receptivity to Syrian refugees.MethodWe designed a 2 × 2 priming experiment fielded among white Americans in 2015 that varies both the religion of Syrian refugees to be admitted to the United States (Christian vs. Muslim) and the material costs of refugee admission (economic burden vs. no economic burden).ResultsThe results show that cultural threat (Muslim religion) is not by itself sufficient to induce a decline in receptivity among white Americans. Instead, it is the combination of cultural and economic threats that leads to lower levels of refugee acceptance.ConclusionCultural threat, especially when it comes to religious “others,” may not operate alone but in conjunction with material fears.
A topological model of trajectories with road network space
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhu Yuanyuan , Xiang Longgang , Qin Jianxin , Wan Yiliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal topological semantic information has attracted a lot of attention recently when exploring high‐level human movement features in geographic contexts. Although topological semantics between a trajectory and individual spatial objects have been studied extensively, few studies have focused on movements in the specific context of spatial infrastructures, such as road networks. This study proposes a topological trajectory model that integrates the topological semantics of trajectory data related to road networks and regions in a unified framework. The proposed model considers key points during a trajectory and establishes a topological intersection model to describe key points’ semantics. With the topological semantics of the trajectory–road network obtained, the road network’s semantic relation is derived directly from the topological relation between road networks and regions. This model can intuitively express the semantic relations of the three elements, trajectory, road network, and region, which helps spatial queries and analyses of network constrained movements. A case study of real traffic data shows that more detailed semantic information can be obtained based on this model.
Citrus FRIGIDA cooperates with its interaction partner dehydrin to regulate drought tolerance
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Zeng Ren‐Fang , Zhou Huan , Qiu Mei‐Qi , Gan Zhi‐Meng , Yang Yi‐Lin , Hu Si‐Fan , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Hu Chun‐Gen , Zhang Jin‐Zhi 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYDrought is a major environmental stress that severely affects plant growth and crop productivity. FRIGIDA (FRI) is a key regulator of flowering time and drought tolerance in model plants. However, little is known regarding its functions in woody plants, including citrus. Thus, we explored the functional role of the citrus FRI ortholog (CiFRI) under drought. Drought treatment induced CiFRI expression. CiFRI overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and citrus, while CiFRI suppression increased drought susceptibility in citrus. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling under drought conditions suggested that CiFRI overexpression altered the expression of numerous genes involved in the stress response, hormone biosynthesis, and signal transduction. Mechanistic studies revealed that citrus dehydrin likely protects CiFRI from stress‐induced degradation, thereby enhancing plant drought tolerance. In addition, a citrus brassinazole‐resistant (BZR) transcription factor family member (CiBZR1) directly binds to the CiFRI promoter to activate its expression under drought conditions. CiBZR1 also enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and citrus. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the CiFRI‐mediated drought stress response in citrus.
Is routine blood typing and screening necessary for degenerative cervical spine surgery patients in specialty surgical hospitals?
Authors: Núñez Jorge H. , Bosch‐García David , Escudero Berta , Martínez‐Peñas Judith , Omiste Irene , Alonzo‐González Francisco , García de Frutos Ana , Ramírez Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood loss warranting transfusion is a relatively rare requirement for degenerative cervical spine surgery. Despite this rarity, pretransfusion testing (blood typing, screening, and cross‐matching) has become routine in most parts of the world. We sought to determine if such routine testing is necessary for patients who undergo degenerative cervical spine surgery patients in specialty surgical hospitals by (1) measuring the current rate of intraoperative transfusions in degenerative cervical spine surgery and (2) identifying risk factors for transfusions.Study MethodsRetrospective review was performed on patients who underwent degenerative cervical spine surgery in two institutions. Demographic and baseline clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed to identify predictors of transfusion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify perioperative transfusion risk factors.ResultsOverall transfusion rate was 1.9% (7/372), with no emergent transfusions. Decreases between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were 1.4 (SD 1.1) g/dL and 7.2 (SD 4.1) %, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression identified preoperative Hgb lower than 12 gr/dl (OR 27.62; 95% CI 4.31–176.96; p < 0.001) as significant independent transfusion risk factor. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the model showed a very good discriminatory power with an area under the curve of 0.91.DiscussionOur study suggests that pretransfusion testing for all patients undergoing degenerative cervical spine surgery is unnecessary. We recommend that only patients with preoperative Hgb lower than 12 gr/dl would routinely need pretransfusion testing.
Concurrent Agreement Between ActiGraph and activPAL for Measuring Physical Activity in Pregnant Women and Office Workers
Authors: Jones Melissa A. , Diesel Sara J. , Barone Gibbs Bethany , Whitaker Kara M. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Current best practice for objective measurement of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) requires two separate devices. This study assessed concurrent agreement between the ActiGraph GT3X and the activPAL3 micro for measuring MVPA to determine if activPAL can accurately measure MVPA in addition to its known capacity to measure sedentary behavior.Methods:Forty participants from two studies, including pregnant women (n = 20) and desk workers (n = 20), provided objective measurement of MVPA from waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X and thigh-worn activPAL micro3. MVPA from the GT3X was compared with MVPA from the activPAL using metabolic equivalents of task (MET)- and step-based data across three epochs. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analyses, overall and by study sample, compared MVPA minutes per day across methods.Results:Mean estimates of activPAL MVPA ranged from 22.7 to 35.2 (MET based) and 19.7 to 25.8 (step based) minutes per day, compared with 31.4 min/day (GT3X). MET-based MVPA had high agreement with GT3X, intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from .831 to .875. Bland–Altman analyses revealed minimal bias between 15- and 30-s MET-based MVPA and GT3X MVPA (−3.77 to 8.63 min/day,p > .10) but with wide limits of agreement (greater than ±27 min). Step-based MVPA had moderate to high agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient: .681–.810), but consistently underestimated GT3X MVPA (bias: 5.62–11.74 min/day,p < .02). For all methods, activPAL appears to better estimate GT3X at lower quantities of MVPA. Results were similar when repeated separately by pregnant women and desk workers.Conclusion:activPAL can measure MVPA in addition to sedentary behavior, providing an option for concurrent, single device monitoring. MET-based MVPA using 30-s activPAL epochs provided the best estimate of GT3X MVPA in pregnant women and desk workers.
Simulating neutron star mergers with the Lagrangian Numerical Relativity code SPHINCS_BSSN
Authors: Diener Peter , Rosswog Stephan , Torsello Francesco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present the first neutron star merger simulations performed with the newly developed Numerical Relativity code . This code evolves the spacetime on a mesh using the BSSN formulation, but matter is evolved via Lagrangian particles according to a high-accuracy version of general-relativistic Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Our code contains a number of new methodological elements compared to other Numerical Relativity codes. The main focus here is on the new elements that were introduced to model neutron star mergers. These include (a) a refinement (fixed in time) of the spacetime-mesh, (b) corresponding changes in the particle–mesh mapping algorithm and (c) a novel way to construct SPH initial data for binary systems via the recently developed “Artificial Pressure Method.” This latter method makes use of the spectral initial data produced by the library , and is implemented in a new code called . While our main focus is on introducing these new methodological elements and documenting the current status of , we also show as a first application a set of neutron star merger simulations employing “soft” ($$\varGamma =2.00$$

Γ
=
2.00

) and “stiff” ($$\varGamma =2.75$$

Γ
=
2.75

) polytropic equations of state.
Pinning down $$|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$$ couplings with rare charm baryon decays
Authors: Golz Marcel , Hiller Gudrun , Magorsch Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the full angular distribution of semileptonic rare charm baryon decays in which the secondary baryon undergoes weak decay with sizable polarization parameter, $$\Xi _c^+\rightarrow \Sigma ^+\,(\rightarrow p\pi ^0)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

Ξ
c
+

→

Σ
+

(
→
p

π
0

)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, $$\Xi _c^0\rightarrow \Lambda ^0\,(\rightarrow p \pi ^-)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

Ξ
c
0

→

Λ
0

(
→
p

π
-

)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

and $$\Omega _c^0\rightarrow \Xi ^0\,(\rightarrow \Lambda ^{0} \pi ^0)\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

Ω
c
0

→

Ξ
0

(
→

Λ
0

π
0

)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

. Such self-analyzing decay chains allow for seven additional observables compared to three-body decays such as $$\Lambda _c \rightarrow p \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, with different sensitivities to the $$|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$$

|
Δ
c
|
=
|
Δ
u
|
=
1

weak couplings. Opportunities to test the standard model in $$c \rightarrow u$$

c
→
u

transitions with standard model null tests and other angular observables are worked out. We show that a joint model-independent analysis of the leptonic $$A_{\text {FB}}^\ell $$

A

FB

ℓ

, hadronic $$A_{\text {FB}}^{\text {H}}$$

A

FB

H

, and combined forward–backward asymmetry $$A_{\text {FB}}^{\ell \text {H}}$$

A

FB

ℓ
H

together with the fraction of longitudinally produced leptons, $$F_L$$

F
L

, is able to pin down the dipole couplings $$C_{7},C^\prime _{7}$$

C
7

,

C
7
′

and the semileptonic (axial-) vector ones $$C_{10},C^\prime _{9},C^\prime _{10}$$

C
10

,

C
9
′

,

C
10
′

. $$A_{\text {FB}}^{\text {H}}$$

A

FB

H

is also accessible with dineutrino $$c \rightarrow u \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$

c
→
u
ν

ν

¯

modes and probes right-handed currents.
Dark matter from torsion in Friedmann cosmology
Authors: Pereira S. H. , Vicente A. M. , Jesus J. F. , Holanda R. F. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA cosmological model in an Einstein–Cartan framework endowed with torsion is studied. For a torsion function assumed to be proportional to Hubble expansion function, namely $$\phi =-\alpha H$$

ϕ
=
-
α
H

, the contribution of torsion function as a dark matter component is studied in two different approaches. In the first one, the total matter energy density is altered by torsion coupling $$\alpha $$
α
, giving rise to an effective dark matter and cosmological constant terms that reproduce quite well the flat cosmic concordance model. In the second approach, starting with just standard baryonic matter plus a cosmological constant term, it is obtained that the coupling of torsion with baryons and cosmological constant term naturally gives rise to a dark matter contribution, together a modified cosmological term. In this model the dark matter sector can be interpreted as an effective coupling of the torsion function with the ordinary baryonic matter and cosmological constant. Finally, it is shown that both models are totally compatible with recent cosmological data from Supernovae and Hubble parameter measurements.
Super-optimization of Smart Contracts
Authors: Albert Elvira , Gordillo Pablo , Hernández-Cerezo Alejandro , Rubio Albert , Schett Maria A. 
Published: April 2022

Smart contracts are programs deployed on a blockchain. They are executed for a monetary fee paid in
gas
—a clear optimization target for smart contract compilers. Because smart contracts are a young, fast-moving field without (manually) fine-tuned compilers, they highly benefit from automated and adaptable approaches, especially as smart contracts are effectively immutable, and as such need a high level of assurance. This makes them an ideal domain for applying formal methods. Super-optimization is a technique to find the best translation of a block of instructions by trying all possible sequences of instructions that produce the same result. We present a framework for super-optimizing smart contracts based on Max-SMT with two main ingredients: (1) a
stack functional specification
extracted from the basic blocks of a smart contract, which is simplified using rules capturing the semantics of arithmetic, bit-wise, and relational operations, and (2) the
synthesis of optimized blocks
, which finds—by means of an efficient SMT encoding—basic blocks with minimal gas cost whose stack functional specification is equal (modulo commutativity) to the extracted one.

We implemented our framework in the tool
syrup 2.0
. Through large-scale experiments on real-world smart contracts, we analyze performance improvements for different SMT encodings, as well as tradeoffs between quality of optimizations and required optimization time.
Scanner++: Enhanced Vulnerability Detection of Web Applications with Attack Intent Synchronization
Authors: Yin Zijing , Xu Yiwen , Ma Fuchen , Gao Haohao , Qiao Lei , Jiang Yu 
Published: April 2022

Scanners are commonly applied for detecting vulnerabilities in web applications. Various scanners with different strategies are widely in use, but their performance is challenged by the increasing diversity of target applications that have more complex attack surfaces (i.e., website paths) and covert vulnerabilities that can only be exploited by more sophisticated attack vectors (i.e., payloads). In this paper, we propose Scanner++, a framework that improves web vulnerability detection of existing scanners through combining their capabilities with attack intent synchronization. We design Scanner++ as a proxy-based architecture while using a package-based intent synchronization approach. Scanner++ first uses a purification mechanism to aggregate and refine attack intents, consisting of attack surfaces and attack vectors extracted from the base scanners’ request packets. Then, Scanner++ uses a runtime intent synchronization mechanism to select relevant attack intents according to the scanners’ detection spots to guide their scanning process. Consequently, base scanners can expand their attack surfaces, generate more diverse attack vectors and achieve better vulnerability detection performance.
For evaluation, we implemented and integrated Scanner++ together with four widely used scanners, BurpSuite, AWVS, Arachni, and ZAP, testing it on ten benchmark web applications and three well-tested real-world web applications of a critical financial platform from our industry partner. Working under the Scanner++ framework helps BurpSuite, AWVS, Arachni, and ZAP cover 15.26%, 37.14%, 59.21%, 68.54% more pages, construct 12.95×, 1.13×, 15.03×, 52.66× more attack packets, and discover 77, 55, 77, 176 more bugs, respectively. Furthermore, Scanner++ detected eight serious previously unknown vulnerabilities on real-world applications, while the base scanners only found three of them.
Plugging Performance of a New Sulfonated Tannin Gel System Applied in Tight Oil Reservoir
Authors: Xu Tianhan , Wang Jian , Bai Zhiwen , Wang Junheng , Zhao Peng 
Published: April 2022

In this study, based on the high-temperature characteristics of Western China tight oil reservoirs, a phenolic-larch tannin, temperature-resistant, plugging agent was synthesized by changing the mass fractions of larch tannin, double cross-linking agent, and accelerator. Young’s modulus of the dispersed gel was directly measured by an atomic force microscope, and the macroscopic plugging performance was evaluated by a physical simulation experiment of the artificially fractured natural core from Western China tight oil oilfield, thereby establishing a mapping relationship between the two. Research indicates that the formula of the high-temperature-resistant tannin system optimized by the experiment is

3.0
%
sulfonated

tannin
+
3.0
%
formaldehyde

cross
‐
linking

agent
+
1.0
%
phenol

cross
‐
linking

agent
+
0.05
%
MnS

O

4

accelerator

; the mechanical strength of the tannin gel and its plugging performance have a linear relationship. When Young’s modulus rises from 18.74 to 63.89 KPa, the plugging rate rises from 94.11% to 97.44%.
Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of the Adsorption of Copper(II) Ions from Industrial Wastewater Using Activated Carbons Derived from Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Amoo Temiloluwa E. , Amoo Kehinde O. , Adeeyo Opeyemi A. , Ogidi Clement O. 
Published: April 2022

The monocomponent adsorption process of Cu(II) ions in synthesized industrial wastewater were investigated using activated carbons (BACs) derived from sugarcane bagasse as the precursor. Batch adsorption studies were done by treating the precursor with H3PO4 (BAC-P) and ZnCl2 (BAC-Zn) in order to observe the effects of experimental variables such as contact time, pH of the solution, and adsorbent dose. The Langmuir isotherm model excellently described the adsorption data for both the derived BACs, indicating monolayer coverage on the BACs with the determination coefficients close to the value of one. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacities of 589 and 225

m
g

g

−
1

at 30°C were obtained for BAC-P and BAC-Zn adsorbents, respectively. The modeling of kinetic data of Cu(II) ions adsorption onto BAC-P and BAC-Zn adsorbents illustrated that the Elovich kinetic model fitted well. Here, the adsorption process was film-diffusion controlling, while being principally governed by external mass transport where the slowest step is the diffusion of the particles through the film layer. The mechanism of the adsorption process was proposed taking into cognizance of the ion exchange and surface complexation on active sites between the negatively charged surface of the BACs and the positively charged Cu(II) ions. The BACs were characterized using analytical methods such as SEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, BET surface area, and zeta potential measurements. Both BACs mainly composed of mesopores and bonds of O-H, C-O, C=O, and C-O-C. The BET surface area of BAC-P and BAC-Zn was 427.5 and 282 m2/g before adsorption, and their isoelectric point (pHIEP) 3.70 and 5.26, respectively.