bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian Paramyxovirus 4 Antitumor Activity Leads to Complete Remissions and Long-term Protective Memory in Preclinical Melanoma and Colon Carcinoma Models
Authors: Javaheri Aryana , Bykov Yonina , Mena Ignacio , García-Sastre Adolfo , Cuadrado-Castano Sara 
Published: June 2022

Avulaviruses represent a diverse subfamily of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses infecting avian species worldwide. To date, 22 different serotypes have been identified in a variety of avian hosts, including wild and domestic birds. APMV-1 (Avian Paramyxovirus 1), also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is the only avulavirus that has been extensively characterized because of its relevance for the poultry industry and, more recently, its inherent oncolytic activity and potential as a cancer therapeutic. An array of both naturally occurring and recombinant APMV-1 strains has been tested in different preclinical models and clinical trials, highlighting NDV as a promising viral agent for human cancer therapy. To date, the oncolytic potential of other closely related avulaviruses remains unknown. Here, we have examined the in vivo antitumor capability of prototype strains of APMV serotypes -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -9 in syngeneic murine colon carcinoma and melanoma tumor models. Our studies have identified APMV-4 Duck/Hong Kong/D3/1975 virus as a novel oncolytic agent with greater therapeutic potential than one of the NDV clinical candidate strains, La Sota. Intratumoral administration of the naturally occurring APMV-4 virus significantly extends survival, promotes complete remission, and confers protection against rechallenge in both murine colon carcinoma and melanoma tumor models. Furthermore, we have designed a plasmid rescue strategy that allows us to develop recombinant APMV-4–based viruses. The infectious clone rAPMV-4 preserves the extraordinary antitumor capacity of its natural counterpart, paving the way to a promising next generation of viral therapeutics.Significance:Discovery of the oncolytic properties of APMV-4 Duck/Hong Kong/D3/1975: a novel cancer therapeutic with natural capacity to exert complete remission and long-term antitumor protection in syngeneic mouse cancer models.
From calcium imaging to graph topology
Authors: Blevins Ann S. , Bassett Dani S. , Scott Ethan K. , Vanwalleghem Gilles C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Systems neuroscience is facing an ever-growing mountain of data. Recent advances in protein engineering and microscopy have together led to a paradigm shift in neuroscience; using fluorescence, we can now image the activity of every neuron through the whole brain of behaving animals. Even in larger organisms, the number of neurons that we can record simultaneously is increasing exponentially with time. This increase in the dimensionality of the data is being met with an explosion of computational and mathematical methods, each using disparate terminology, distinct approaches, and diverse mathematical concepts. Here we collect, organize, and explain multiple data analysis techniques that have been, or could be, applied to whole-brain imaging, using larval zebrafish as an example model. We begin with methods such as linear regression that are designed to detect relations between two variables. Next, we progress through network science and applied topological methods, which focus on the patterns of relations among many variables. Finally, we highlight the potential of generative models that could provide testable hypotheses on wiring rules and network progression through time, or disease progression. While we use examples of imaging from larval zebrafish, these approaches are suitable for any population-scale neural network modeling, and indeed, to applications beyond systems neuroscience. Computational approaches from network science and applied topology are not limited to larval zebrafish, or even to systems neuroscience, and we therefore conclude with a discussion of how such methods can be applied to diverse problems across the biological sciences.
What Are the Odds?
Authors: Adamson Grant 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article critiques prior epistolary analysis of the Mar Saba Clementine done by Jeff Jay in comparison with a variety of other Greek and Latin epistles. As a closer match, it brings forward Serapion’s letter on the Gospel of Peter apud Eusebius. Due to a pair of formal and conceptual parallels, combined in the Historia ecclesiastica, the article hypothesizes that Morton Smith’s discovery is a modern forgery, which he based upon Eusebius’s excerpt of Serapion in Hist. eccl. 6.12 and upon Eusebius’s paraphrase of the authentic Clement in Hist. eccl. 6.14.
Jesus as Benefactor
Authors: Jantsch Torsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article argues that a thus far neglected aspect of Luke’s Christology is the portrayal of Jesus as a benefactor. It interprets the use of lexemes of the semantic domain euergetes (“benefactor”) in Luke-Acts (Luke 22:25; Acts 4:9; 10:38) against the background of ancient sources. The common feature of designating kings and emperors as saviours and benefactors fits perfectly, both with Luke’s use of the title “saviour” for Jesus and with his royal Christology, but adds a decisive new aspect: Jesus, the heavenly lord and judge, is not a tyrant, but a beneficial ruler.
Evaluating the Response of Diurnal Variations in Surface and Air Temperature to Evaporative Conditions across Vegetation Types in FLUXNET and ERA5
Authors: Panwar Annu , Kleidon Axel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The diurnal variations of surface and air temperature are closely related, but their different responses to evaporative conditions can inform us about land–atmosphere interactions. Here, we evaluate the responses of the diurnal ranges in surface (ΔTs) and air (ΔTa) temperature to evaporative fraction at 160 FLUXNET sites and in the ERA5 reanalysis. We show that the sensitivity of ΔTs to evaporative fraction depends on vegetation type, whereas ΔTa does not. On days with low evaporative fraction, ΔTs in FLUXNET is enhanced by up to ∼20 K (∼30 K in ERA5) in short vegetation, but only by up to ∼10 K (∼10 K in ERA5) in forests. Note that ΔTa responds rather similarly to evaporative fraction irrespective of vegetation type (∼5 K in FLUXNET, ∼10 K in ERA5). We find a systematic bias in ERA5’s ΔT response to evaporative conditions, showing a stronger sensitivity to evaporative fraction than in FLUXNET. We then demonstrate with a simple atmospheric boundary layer (SABL) model that the weak response of ΔTa to evaporative fraction can be explained by greater boundary layer growth under dry conditions, which increases the heat storage capacity and reduces the response of air temperature to evaporative fraction. Additionally, using a simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model we show that ΔTs mainly responds to solar radiation, evaporative fraction, and aerodynamic conductance. We conclude that the dominant patterns of diurnal temperature variations can be explained by fundamental physical concepts, which should help us to better understand the main controls of land–atmosphere interactions.

Significance Statement
Generally, air temperature is used more widely than the surface temperature, and often they are assumed to be equivalent. However, we show that their responses to changes in vegetation type and evaporative conditions are quite different. Using FLUXNET observations, ERA5 reanalysis, and two simple physical models, we found that these responses are much stronger in surface temperature, especially in short vegetation, and relatively weaker in air temperature. Despite being measured just 2 m above the surface, air temperature carries lesser imprints of evaporation and vegetation than the surface temperature because of boundary layer dynamics. These findings suggest the importance of coupled land–atmosphere processes in shaping surface and air temperature differently and provide insights on their distinctive responses to global changes.
Sources and Pathways of Intraseasonal Meridional Kinetic Energy in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Körner Mareike , Claus Martin , Brandt Peter , Tuchen Franz Philip 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, meridional velocity variability exhibits a pronounced peak on intraseasonal time scales whereas zonal velocity dominantly varies on seasonal to interannual time scales. We focus on the intraseasonal meridional velocity variability away from the near-surface layer, its source regions, and its pathways into the deep ocean. This deep intraseasonal velocity variability plays a key role in equatorial dynamics as it is an important energy source for the deep equatorial circulation. The results are based on the output of a high-resolution ocean model revealing intraseasonal energy levels along the equator at all depths that are in good agreement with shipboard and moored velocity data. Spectral analyses reveal a pronounced signal of intraseasonal Yanai waves with westward phase velocities and zonal wavelengths longer than 450 km. Different sources and characteristics of these Yanai waves are identified: near the surface between 40° and 10°W, low-baroclinic-mode Yanai waves with periods of around 30 days are excited. These waves have a strong seasonal cycle with a maximum in August. High-frequency Yanai waves (10–20-day period) are excited at the surface east of 10°W. In the region between the North Brazil Current and the Equatorial Undercurrent, high-baroclinic-mode Yanai waves with periods between 30 and 40 days are generated. Yanai waves with longer periods (40–80 days) are shed from the deep western boundary current. The Yanai wave energy is carried along beams eastward and downward, thus explaining differences in strength, structure, and periodicity of the meridional intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.

Significance Statement
Past studies show that intraseasonal meridional kinetic energy is important for the deep equatorial circulation (DEC). However, numerical studies use intraseasonal variability with varying characteristics to investigate the formation and maintenance of the DEC. This is partly because of sparse observations at depth that are limited to single locations. This study investigates intraseasonal meridional kinetic energy in the equatorial Atlantic in a high-resolution ocean model that is tested against available shipboard and moored observations. We analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and the baroclinic structure of intraseasonal variability. Using the model, we identify different sources and pathways of intraseasonal energy in the deep equatorial Atlantic. We offer groundwork for further studies on the formation and maintenance of the DEC.
Meddies and Their Sea Surface Expressions: Observations and Theory
Authors: Ienna Federico , Bashmachnikov Igor , Dias Joaquim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The sea surface expressions of Mediterranean Water eddies, known as “meddies,” are observed in satellite data, and their main characteristics are measured. Satellite altimeter observations of surface expressions are detected over the meddies observed in situ using the MEDTRANS meddy dataset (1950–2013). In this study 209 observed meddy cores in the North Atlantic Ocean, selected over the period of the 22 years of sea surface height measurements with satellite altimetry (1993–2013), were analyzed. Results show relatively good agreement between the theoretical estimates of the meddy surface signals as reported by Bashmachnikov and Carton and the measured surface expressions. It was found that, on average, the theoretical results underestimate the measured sea surface elevations of the meddy surface expressions by a factor of 2. Although the variability of the measured expressions is reasonably well described by the combination of meddy core and the ocean background parameters of the theoretical expression, we cannot define a single individual parameter of the meddy core, which chiefly shapes the magnitude of the meddy surface signal. Interestingly, the overall distribution of characteristics of meddy surface expressions in the Atlantic shows that the sea level anomalies formed by meddies intensify westward, growing both in magnitude and radius. This opposes the expected theoretical decrease of meddy surface signals due to a known progressive decay of the meddy cores with distance from their generation region at the Iberian continental slope. This observed tendency is attributed to meddy interaction with the upper-ocean currents and other eddies (in particular in the region of the North Atlantic Current and Azores Current) that are not considered by the theory.
GOES ABI Detection of Thin Cirrus over Land
Authors: McHardy Theodore M. , Campbell James R. , Peterson David A. , Lolli Simone , Garnier Anne , Kuciauskas Arunas P. , Surratt Melinda L. , Marquis Jared W. , Miller Steven D. , Dolinar Erica K. , Dong Xiquan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study develops a new thin cirrus detection algorithm applicable to overland scenes. The methodology builds from a previously developed overwater algorithm, which makes use of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16 (GOES-16) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) channel 4 radiance (1.378-μm “cirrus” band). Calibration of this algorithm is based on coincident Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) cloud profiles. Emphasis is placed on rejection of false detections that are more common in overland scenes. Clear-sky false alarm rates over land are examined as a function of precipitable water vapor (PWV), showing that nearly all pixels having a PWV of <0.4 cm produce false alarms. Enforcing an above-cloud PWV minimum threshold of ∼1 cm ensures that most low-/midlevel clouds are not misclassified as cirrus by the algorithm. Pixel-filtering based on the total column PWV and the PWV for a layer between the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and a predetermined altitude H removes significant land surface and low-/midlevel cloud false alarms from the overall sample while preserving over 80% of valid cirrus pixels. Additionally, the use of an aggressive PWV layer threshold preferentially removes noncirrus pixels such that the remaining sample is composed of nearly 70% cirrus pixels, at the cost of a much-reduced overall sample size. This study shows that lower-tropospheric clouds are a much more significant source of uncertainty in cirrus detection than the land surface.
The impact of different types of screen time on school-aged children’s quality of life and participation
Authors: Ye Winnie , Brown Ted , Yu Mong-Lin 
Published: June 2022

Introduction This study investigated the impact of different types of screen time on quality of life and participation in school-aged children. Method Twenty-nine typically developing children (mean age: 9.34 [Formula: see text] 1.37, range: 8–14 years) and 20 of their parents completed the Children Screen Time Use Report, the KIDSCREEN-52 and the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. Spearman rho correlations and linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to assess associations between screen time, health-related quality of life and activity participation. Results Regression analysis identified that passive screen time was a significant predictor of various KIDSCREEN-52 domains: physical wellbeing ( b = −0.445, SE B = 0.008, p = .016), autonomy ( b = −0.445, SE B = 0.011, p = .016) and social acceptance ( b = 0.447, SE B = 0.007, p = .048). Educational, social and passive screen time were positively correlated with increased participation in home, community and school activities, respectively. Conclusion Findings suggest that passive screen time was mostly predictive of lower quality of life levels. However, passive, educational and social screen time positively correlate with participation in typically developing school-aged children. These findings assist occupational therapists to understand the impact of screen time on health and participation in children.
Staring Spells: How to Distinguish Epileptic Seizures from Nonepileptic Staring
Authors: Kim Seunghyo , Degrauw Ton , Berg Anne T. , Koh Sookyong 
Published: June 2022

Objective To determine the nature of staring spells and factors distinguishing epileptic from nonepileptic staring spells, we studied the clinical and demographic features of children with staring spells referred to a regional new-onset seizure clinic. Study design Our retrospective chart review encompassed 2818 consecutive patients evaluated in the new-onset seizure clinic between September 22, 2015, and March 19, 2018. We identified 121 patients with newly presenting staring spells. Results Sixty-two of 121 (51%) children were diagnosed with nonepileptic staring spells and 59 (49%) with epileptic seizures (24 with absence epilepsy, 35 with focal epilepsy). Patients with nonepileptic staring spells were younger (4.8 vs 7.1 years, P = .001) and more likely to have developmental delay ( P = .005) than the seizure group. There was an 8.9-month delay on average from the onset of staring spells to the new-onset seizure clinic visit. The emergency department was a referral source for 80% (28/35) of focal seizures. In children with focal seizures, the staring spells typically lasted >1minute (29/35, 83%), whereas only 19 of 62 (31%) of children with nonepileptic staring spells had events lasting this long ( P = .04). All children had a routine electroencephalography (EEG) on the day of new-onset seizure clinic visit. EEG was diagnostic in 100% (24/24) of absence seizures and 51% (18/35) of focal seizures. Conclusions In children presenting with staring spells, the differential diagnosis of epileptic staring spells vs nonepileptic staring spells can be made by history and routine EEG. Staring was as likely to be epileptic as nonepileptic spells. Younger children with developmental delay were more likely to have nonepileptic events. Our simple approach based on event duration, postictal symptoms, and EEG allowed identification of epileptic staring on first visit to new-onset seizure clinic but requires validation in future prospective studies including long-term video EEG monitoring and follow-up.
Non-Contributory Pensions, Functional Limitations, and Unpaid Family Care for Older Adults in Mexico
Authors: López-Ortega Mariana , Aguila Emma 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: We explore the effects of non-contributory pensions on functional limitations and receipt of unpaid family care by gender and frequency of pension payment. Methods: We employ a difference-in-differences estimator to identify the causal effects of non-contributory pension programs disbursed monthly or every two months for adults 70 years and older in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Results:The monthly payment program led to lower difficulties in functional limitations and less receipt of help from family or relatives for older men and women as compared to the bimonthly program. We found a larger decline on receipt of family care for older women than for men. Discussion:Our results suggest that more frequent pension payments may have greater health benefits for recipients. They also highlight the need for greater understanding of policies that prevent or delay functional limitations and that could indirectly alleviate unpaid caregiver burden.
Image-based 3D reconstruction for rail profile measurement
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Lingamanaik Siva N , Chung Hoam 
Published: June 2022

The routine inspection of railheads for defects such as wear and surface cracks is a tedious process, which, if not detected, can alter the wheel-rail contact interaction leading to catastrophic events. This study investigates and implements a railhead measurement method using image-based three-dimensional reconstruction, which enables rapid scanning of railheads and production of detail cross-sectional measurements for rail-wheel interface analysis. A complete workflow with a methodology for reconstructing railheads from images and extracting cross-sectional measurements from the reconstructed model is presented. In order to validate the proposed method in the field, a mobile automated system was equipped with an array of cameras specifically spaced to cover the areas of interest on the railhead. The system can automatically transverse along the railhead, acquiring images synchronously. Two case studies in the laboratory environment and the real railway site have been performed to evaluate the performance and accuracy against industry practices. The results show that the proposed method can accurately measure the railhead cross-sectional profile at an root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.3 mm compared with MiniProf. Furthermore, continuous cross-sectional data and intuitive color information are provided by our method which can help inspectors to locate defects easily and more efficiently.
Lipid emulsion attenuates propranolol-induced early apoptosis in rat cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Ok Seong-Ho , Ahn Seung Hyun , Lee Soo Hee , Kim Hyun-Jin , Sim Gyujin , Park Jin Kyeong , Sohn Ju-Tae 
Published: June 2022

Objective Propranolol is used to treat several cardiovascular diseases; however, toxic doses of propranolol cause severe myocardial depression and cardiac arrest. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of lipid emulsion (LE) on cardiotoxicity induced by toxic doses of propranolol in H9C2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods The experimental groups comprised control, propranolol alone, esmolol alone, or LE followed by propranolol or esmolol treatment, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) followed by propranolol treatment. The effects of propranolol, esmolol, NAC, and LE, alone or in combination, on cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production were examined. Additionally, we investigated the effect of LE on propranolol concentration. Results LE and NAC reversed the inhibition of cell viability induced by propranolol ( p < .001). However, LE had no effect on the inhibition of cell viability caused by esmolol. The LE inhibited propranolol-induced expressions of cleaved caspase-3 ( p < .001), caspase-9 ( p < .001), and Bax ( p < .01), but not caspase-8. NAC inhibited the propranolol-induced expression of cleaved caspase-3. LE inhibited propranolol-induced early apoptosis, but had no effect on late apoptosis. Additionally, LE inhibited the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells generated by propranolol. It attenuated propranolol-induced ROS production. However, it had no effect on propranolol concentration. Conclusion LE inhibits early apoptosis caused by a toxic dose of propranolol by suppressing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, via direct inhibition of ROS production.