bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opkomst en neergang van ziekten in Nederland
Authors: Mackenbach Johan P. 
Published: November 2022

SamenvattingDe toename van de levensverwachting bij de geboorte is het resultaat van de op- en neergang van sterfte aan een groot aantal afzonderlijke ziekten. Dat zoveel ziekten een patroon van opkomst en neergang vertonen, berust op het feit dat zowel opkomst als neergang veelal een direct of indirect gevolg zijn van sociaaleconomische ontwikkelingen. Deze leiden enerzijds tot blootstelling aan nieuwe gezondheidsrisico’s, anderzijds tot meer mogelijkheden om gezondheidsrisico’s te bestrijden, in de vorm van publieke gezondheidszorg of medische zorg. Dit paradoxale verschijnsel wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van historische Europese voorbeelden, waarbij vervolgens de vraag aan de orde komt hoe de Nederlandse ervaringen op dit vlak zich verhouden tot die van andere landen, in het bijzonder Zweden, dat al gedurende lange tijd een van de meest succesvolle landen is op het gebied van preventief gezondheidsbeleid. Alleen rond het midden van de twintigste eeuw streefde Nederland Zweden voorbij, in het bijzonder wat betreft het verlagen van de zuigelingensterfte, maar sindsdien is Nederland weer teruggezakt in een Europese ‘subtop’, onder meer door een weinig doortastend antirookbeleid. Dit wijst erop dat de publieke gezondheidszorg in Nederland beter moet kunnen door op zoek te gaan naar een succesformule die past bij de gezondheidsproblemen van de eenentwintigste eeuw.
Connecting rights and inequality in education: openings for change
Authors: Windle Joel Austin , Fensham Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the openings for educational change enabled by framing inequality through the concept of rights, considering how variations of this framing have emerged historically and in current debates. Taking as our starting point the 1970 publication Rights and Inequality in Australian Education, we suggest that it is important to pay attention to the ways in which rights gain force within social action and through demands made by differently constituted publics. In the 1960s and 1970s, a right to educational equality garnered greater recognition, prompting moves towards needs-based funding and curriculum diversification, led by the Commonwealth Schools Commission. These moves were responsive to social movements that helped to shape new publics. In a second and more politically conservative moment, rights and inequality were increasingly separated in policies influenced by neoliberalism. We argue that the strategies currently adopted by Indigenous scholar-activists are promoting a return to a rights-based perspective, which is distinctive in casting inequality as ontological and epistemic violence.
Addressing Obesity in Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Lim Siew , Harrison Cheryce , Callander Emily , Walker Ruth , Teede Helena , Moran Lisa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Reproductive-aged women (aged 19 to 50 years) are a key population warranting focused research for the prevention of overweight and obesity. This review highlights the importance of addressing weight before, during and after pregnancy.

Recent Findings

Obesity decreases fertility during the preconception period; increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and caesarean section and postpartum weight retention; and increases the long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring. Despite overwhelming efficacy evidence on solutions, there are significant implementation gaps in translating this evidence into pragmatic models of care and real-world solutions. Interventions during preconception, pregnancy and postpartum are likely to be cost-effective or cost-saving, with future investigation needed in the preconception and postpartum period.

Summary

International clinical guidelines and public health policies are needed for a concerted effort to prevent unhealthy weight gain in these life stages and to reverse the significant adverse health outcomes for women and the next generation.
A Comparative Analysis of the Motivations of Youth Political Participation across Different Types of Activism
Authors: Paschou Maria , Durán Mogollón Lía 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring their early political socialization young people start to recognize their agency as political actors and to develop their political identity. This article presents the findings of a comparative study across different types of youth activism in two cities, Athens and Cologne, which differ in their youth cultures of participation and the opportunities they provide to mobilize. Our data derive from in-depth qualitative interviewing, which is considered to be most fruitful for the exploration of the reasons behind activists' trajectories. We identified three groups of influences: micro-, meso- and macro-level influences, with micro-level influences being most visible in the path of social movement-related activism, meso-level influences being dominant in the path of partisan activism, and macro-level influences prevailing in grassroots activism. Finally, the implications of the differential impact of the studied socio-spatial contexts are critically discussed.
“Language and the Periphery” Response to Book Forum on Insurgent Imaginations: World Literature and the Periphery
Authors: Majumder Auritro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAuritro Majumder is Associate Professor of English at University of Houston. He is the author of Insurgent Imaginations: World Literature and the Periphery (Cambridge University Press, 2021) and currently chair of the South Asian and Diasporic Languages, Literatures and Cultures forum of the Modern Language Association.
The Politics of Breastfeeding in Northeast Indian Literature
Authors: Dietz Morgan Richardson 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding, both in its literal consequences on a woman’s body and its symbolic associations with attachment, highlights the simultaneously powerful yet servile position of the maternal figure. I trace this ambivalence in Mahasweta Devi’s story “Breast-Giver,” exploring women’s literal and metaphorical hungers, as well as the hunger their children experience, arguing that breastfeeding often serves as a means of showcasing a woman’s physical limitation based on her familial status as “feeder.” However, I also argue for a profoundly embodied version of the breastfeeding trope, one that negates prior conceptions of breastfeeding as a “taking” and establishes it as a “giving” that not only nourishes one’s family, but also one’s self, as mothers circumvent hierarchical systems of cooking and food preparation. Ultimately, I both lay bare the interconnection between a woman’s body and food-based labor systems and reveal literary methods for their extrication, through narrative instances of breastfeeding.
Capital Commitment and Performance: The Role of Mutual Fund Charges
Authors: Gómez Juan-Pedro , Prado Melissa Porras , Zambrana Rafael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study how the scarcity of committed capital affects the equilibrium distribution of net alphas in the asset management industry. We propose a model of active portfolio management with different sales fee structures where committed capital is in short supply. In the model, a portfolio’s excess return is not fully appropriated by the money manager but shared with long-term investors. Empirically, we show that capital commitment allows funds to hold shares longer and take advantage of slow-moving arbitrage opportunities. Consistent with the model, funds with more committed capital generate higher value added, which, net of fees, accrues to long-term investors.
An update on the management of thyroid nodules: rationalising the guidelines
Authors: Li L Q , Hilmi O , England J , Tolley N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidance for the management of thyroid nodules has evolved over time, from initial evaluation based predominantly on clinical grounds to now including the established role of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology in their assessment. There is, however, significant variation in the management of thyroid nodules depending on which national guidelines are followed. In addition, there are certain clinical situations such as pregnancy and paediatric thyroid nodules that have differing evaluation priorities.ObjectivesThis review aimed to provide an overview of currently accepted practices for the initial investigation and subsequent management of patients with thyroid nodules for the non-specialist. The review also addresses areas of variance between the systems in common clinical use, as well as newer, evolving technologies, including molecular testing in the evaluation of malignancy in thyroid nodules.
Variations in Monthly Maximum Gust Speed at St Mary's, Isles of Scilly (UK)
Authors: Masina Marinella , D’Ayala Dina , Antonini Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong‐term variations in maximum gust speeds have been analyzed using wind measurements recorded at St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, UK, and possible drivers of recent changes have been investigated. A rigorous homogenization procedure has been applied to the wind records to remove discontinuities mainly caused by non‐climatic changes. Trends in magnitude of the homogenized annual and monthly maximum gust speeds have been subsequently estimated. A significant (p < 0.10) decreasing trend of −0.102 m s−1/10 years is exhibited by the annual maximum gust speeds over the period 1928–2011, while a non‐significant (p > 0.10) positive trend characterizes the entire period 1928–2020 of wind measurements. A turning point has been detected in the monthly maximum gust speed series in 2012, followed by a trend reversal. Distinctive differences in the gust trend pattern have been observed among the seasons, with increasing trend in summer, and winter gust speeds exhibiting decline in 1969–2011 and strengthening since 2012. Variations in the monthly maximum gust speeds appear closely related to changes in air temperature and latitudinal pressure gradients. Furthermore, the monthly maximum gust speeds show significant correlation with the main oceanic‐atmospheric circulation patterns in the North Atlantic region. A synergistic effect among the phases of the dominant patterns of climate variability appears to explain the observed decline and recovery trends in winter gusts. Summer gust speeds show a positive correlation with the global land‐ocean temperature deviations from the corresponding 1951–1980 base period mean.
Weakened Submesoscale Eddies in the Equatorial Pacific Under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Wang Shengpeng , Jing Zhao , Wu Lixin , Cai Wenju , Geng Tao , Chang Ping , Danabasoglu Gohkan , Wang Hong , Wang Chengcheng , Chen Zhaohui , Ma Xiaohui , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSubmesoscale eddies in the equatorial Pacific induce a pronounced upward heat flux from the subsurface to the surface ocean. Yet their response to greenhouse warming and feedback on the mean‐state change remain unknown. Using a long‐term high‐resolution climate simulation under a high carbon emission scenario, we show that submesoscale eddies in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific weaken, leading to an ∼50% reduction in their upward heat flux at the end of the 21st century, compared to its mid‐20th century level. This reduction is caused by an intensified stratification and a weakened cold tongue thermal front associated with a projected El Niño‐like warming pattern. The reduced vertical submesoscale eddy heat flux plays an important role in the anomalous heat budget of the surface layer over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific under greenhouse warming, acting as negative feedback on the El Niño‐like warming pattern.
Episodic Slow Slip Hosted by Talc‐Bearing Metasomatic Rocks: High Strain Rates and Stress Amplification in a Chemically Reacting Shear Zone
Authors: Hoover W. F. , Condit C. B. , Lindquist P. C. , Moser A. C. , Guevara V. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpisodic tremor and slow slip (ETS) downdip of the subduction seismogenic zone are poorly understood slip behaviors of the seismic cycle. Talc, a common metasomatic mineral at the subduction interface, is suggested to host slow slip but this hypothesis has not been tested in the rock record. We investigate actinolite microstructures from talc‐bearing and talc‐free rocks exhumed from the depths of modern ETS (Pimu'nga/Santa Catalina Island, California). Actinolite deformed by dissolution‐reprecipitation creep in the talc‐free rock and dislocation creep ± cataclasis in the talc‐bearing rock. This contrast results from stress amplification in the talc‐bearing rock produced by high strain rates in surrounding weak talc. We hypothesize that higher strain rates in the talc‐bearing sample represent episodic slow slip, while lower strain rates in the talc‐free sample represent intervening aseismic creep. This work highlights the need to consider fluid‐mediated chemical change in studies of subduction zone deformation and seismicity.
Constraining Early Mars Glacial Conditions From Paleodischarge Estimates of Intracrater Inverted Channels
Authors: Boatwright Benjamin D. , Head James W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInverted fluvial channels are widespread on Mars, and along with valley networks, they provide evidence of flowing liquid water in the early period of the planet's geologic history. We previously described tributary ridge networks within a closed‐source drainage basin crater in the southern highlands, which we interpreted as inverted fluvial channels that were fed by meltwater from the surface of cold‐based glaciers located in crater wall alcoves. Here, we estimate both the paleodischarge within the inverted channels and the necessary melting rates for discharge sources in glacial alcoves. We find that paleodischarges of up to ∼7,000 m3/s were possible with melting rates exceeding 2,000 mm/hr in an extreme warming scenario, with lower rates potentially representing more gradual glacial ice loss. These end‐member estimates can provide key constraints for further early Mars climate and landform evolution modeling.
On the Use of High‐Resolution and Deep‐Learning Seismic Catalogs for Short‐Term Earthquake Forecasts: Potential Benefits and Current Limitations
Authors: Mancini S. , Segou M. , Werner M. J. , Parsons T. , Beroza G. , Chiaraluce L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnhanced earthquake catalogs provide detailed images of evolving seismic sequences. Currently, these data sets take some time to be released but will soon become available in real time. Here, we explore whether and how enhanced seismic catalogs feeding into established short‐term earthquake forecasting protocols may result in higher predictive skill. We consider three enhanced catalogs for the 2016–2017 Central Italy sequence, featuring a bulk completeness lower by at least two magnitude units compared to the real‐time catalog and an improved hypocentral resolution. We use them to inform a set of physical Coulomb Rate‐and‐State (CRS) and statistical Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) models to forecast the space‐time occurrence of M3+ events during the first 6 months of the sequence. We track model performance using standard likelihood‐based metrics and compare their skill against the best‐performing CRS and ETAS models among those developed with the real‐time catalog. We find that while the incorporation of the triggering contributions from new small magnitude detections of the enhanced catalogs is beneficial for both types of forecasts, these models do not significantly outperform their respective near real‐time benchmarks. To explore the reasons behind this result, we perform targeted sensitivity tests that show how (a) the typical spatial discretizations of forecast experiments (2 km) hamper the ability of models to capture highly localized secondary triggering patterns and (b) differences in earthquake parameters (i.e., magnitude and hypocenters) reported in different catalogs can affect forecast evaluation. These findings will contribute toward improving forecast model design and evaluation strategies for next‐generation seismic catalogs.
Portable comprehensive two-dimensional micro-gas chromatography using an integrated flow-restricted pneumatic modulator
Authors: Huang Xiaheng , Li Maxwell Wei-hao , Zang Wenzhe , Huang Xiaolu , Sivakumar Anjali Devi , Sharma Ruchi , Fan Xudong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC) provides enhanced vapor separation capabilities in contrast to conventional one-dimensional GC and is useful for the analysis of highly complex chemical samples. We developed a microfabricated flow-restricted pneumatic modulator (FRPM) for portable comprehensive 2D micro-GC (μGC), which enables rapid 2D injection and separation without compromising the 1D separation speed and eluent peak profiles. 2D injection characteristics such as injection peak width and peak height were fully characterized by using flow-through micro-photoionization detectors (μPIDs) at the FRPM inlet and outlet. A 2D injection peak width of ~25 ms could be achieved with a 2D/1D flow rate ratio over 10. The FRPM was further integrated with a 0.5-m long 2D μcolumn on the same chip, and its performance was characterized. Finally, we developed an automated portable comprehensive 2D μGC consisting of a 10 m OV-1 1D μcolumn, an integrated FRPM with a built-in 0.5 m polyethylene glycol 2D μcolumn, and two μPIDs. Rapid separation of 40 volatile organic compounds in ~5 min was demonstrated. A hybrid 2D contour plot was constructed by using both 1D and 2D chromatograms obtained with the two μPIDs at the end of the 1D and 2D μcolumns, which was enabled by the presence of the flow resistor in the FRPM.
Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on toxicities after CAR T cell therapy for lymphoma and myeloma
Authors: Miller Kevin Charles , Johnson Patrick Connor , Abramson Jeremy S. , Soumerai Jacob D. , Yee Andrew J. , Branagan Andrew R. , O’Donnell Elizabeth K. , Saucier Anna , Jacobson Caron A. , Frigault Matthew J. , Raje Noopur S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) are groundbreaking therapies but may cause significant toxicities including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and cytopenias. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is often used to mitigate neutropenia after CAR T, but there is no consensus recommended strategy due to hypothesized, but largely unknown risks of exacerbating toxicities. To investigate the impact of G-CSF, we retrospectively analyzed 197 patients treated with anti-CD19 CAR T for lymphoma and 47 patients treated with anti-BCMA CAR T for multiple myeloma. In lymphoma, 140 patients (71%) received prophylactic G-CSF before CAR T (mostly pegylated G-CSF) and were compared with 57 patients (29%) treated with G-CSF after CAR T or not exposed. Prophylactic G-CSF was associated with faster neutrophil recovery (3 vs. 4 days, P < 0.01) but did not reduce recurrent neutropenia later. Prophylactic G-CSF was associated with increased grade ≥2 CRS (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.11–4.18, P = 0.02), but not ICANS. In multiple myeloma, prophylactic G-CSF was not used; patients were stratified by early G-CSF exposure (≤2 days vs. ≥3 days after CAR T or no exposure), with no significant difference in toxicities. Future trials should clarify the optimal G-CSF strategy to improve outcomes after CAR T.
The snoRNA-like lncRNA LNC-SNO49AB drives leukemia by activating the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1
Authors: Huang Wei , Sun Yu-Meng , Pan Qi , Fang Ke , Chen Xiao-Tong , Zeng Zhan-Cheng , Chen Tian-Qi , Zhu Shun-Xin , Huang Li-Bin , Luo Xue-Qun , Wang Wen-Tao , Chen Yue-Qin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are usually 5′ capped and 3′ polyadenylated, similar to most typical mRNAs. However, recent studies revealed a type of snoRNA-related lncRNA with unique structures, leading to questions on how they are processed and how they work. Here, we identify a novel snoRNA-related lncRNA named LNC-SNO49AB containing two C/D box snoRNA sequences, SNORD49A and SNORD49B; and show that LNC-SNO49AB represents an unreported type of lncRNA with a 5′-end m7G and a 3′-end snoRNA structure. LNC-SNO49AB was found highly expressed in leukemia patient samples, and silencing LNC-SNO49AB dramatically suppressed leukemia progression in vitro and in vivo. Subcellular location indicated that the LNC-SNO49AB is mainly located in nucleolus and interacted with the nucleolar protein fibrillarin. However, we found that LNC-SNO49AB does not play a role in 2′-O-methylation regulation, a classical function of snoRNA; instead, its snoRNA structure affected the lncRNA stability. We further demonstrated that LNC-SNO49AB could directly bind to the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1(ADAR1) and promoted its homodimerization followed by a high RNA A-to-I editing activity. Transcriptome profiling shows that LNC-SNO49AB and ADAR1 knockdown respectively share very similar patterns of RNA modification change in downstream signaling pathways, especially in cell cycle pathways. These findings suggest a previously unknown class of snoRNA-related lncRNAs, which function via a manner in nucleolus independently on snoRNA-guide rRNA modification. This is the first report that a lncRNA regulates genome-wide RNA A-to-I editing by enhancing ADAR1 dimerization to facilitate hematopoietic malignancy, suggesting that LNC-SNO49AB may be a novel target in therapy directed to leukemia.
Host-microbiome interactions: Gut-Liver axis and its connection with other organs
Authors: Anand Swadha , Mande Sharmila S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn understanding of connections between gut microbiome and liver has provided important insights into the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Since gut microbial dysbiosis increases gut permeability, the metabolites biosynthesized by them can reach the liver through portal circulation and affect hepatic immunity and inflammation. The immune cells activated by these metabolites can also reach liver through lymphatic circulation. Liver influences immunity and metabolism in multiple organs in the body, including gut. It releases bile acids and other metabolites into biliary tract from where they enter the systemic circulation. In this review, the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver and the molecular cross talk between the host and the microbiome has been discussed. This review also provides details into the intricate level of communication and the role of microbiome in Gut-Liver-Brain, Gut-Liver-Kidney, Gut-Liver-Lung, and Gut-Liver-Heart axes. These observations indicate a complex network of interactions between host organs influenced by gut microbiome.