bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of unmet needs for healthcare and long-term care among older people
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Rosenberg Megumi , Flores Gabriela , Parsell Nadia , Akter Shamima , Alam Md Ashraful , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Edejer Tessa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe absolute number of older individuals needing medical care and long-term care (LTC) is increasing globally due to the growing ageing population. However, it is uncertain who and what proportion of the population has access to care. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and reasons for unmet needs for healthcare and long-term care among older people, 65 years old and above, across countries was conducted. MethodsAn information specialist performed a comprehensive search of four major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL) from inception to June 2020 without restrictions on language and date. We did random-effects meta-analysis to obtain pooled prevalence. We stratified the meta-analysis by reasons for unmet need categorized by barrier dimension (availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability), survey year, geographic location, and socio-demographic characteristics of the older individual. ResultsAfter screening 3912 articles, we included 101 studies published between 1996 and 2020. Of the 101 studies, 87 studies reported unmet healthcare needs and 14 studies reported unmet LTC needs. Overall, 10.4% of the older population had unmet needs for healthcare. The common reasons for unmet healthcare needs were cost of treatment, lack of health facilities, lack of/conflicting time, health problem not viewed as serious, and mistrust/fear of provider. A significant variation in pooled prevalence of unmet healthcare needs due to cost was found by gender (male [10.9%] vs female [14.4%]), educational level (primary or less [13.3%] vs higher [7.5%]), self-reported health (poor [23.2%] vs good [4.4%]), insurance status (insured [9.0%] vs uninsured [27.7%]), and economic status of population (poorest [28.2%] vs richest [7.1%]). One in four (25.1%) older people had unmet needs in LTC. Rural residents had a higher prevalence of unmet needs in LTC compared to their urban counterparts. ConclusionWith the population ageing globally, it is necessary to improve access to health care and LTC for older people. Ensuring affordability of health services, reducing geographical barriers, and improving acceptability, will be critical in reducing unmet need.
Development and validation of a Cox model nomogram to predict the recurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis after antifungal therapy
Authors: Guo Lu , Qian Weiwei , Yang Yan , Pan Lingai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Recurrence after antifungal therapy is a challenging complication of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA). However, the exact factors associated with the recurrence of PA are still unclear. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Cox model nomogram for the prediction of the recurrence of PA after antifungal therapy.Methods: A total of 105 patients with PA were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study from January 2018 to December 2020 and followed up at least 12 month. The risk factors for the recurrence of PA were identified and the prediction model was developed using R software. Results: All 105 patients received effective antifungal therapy during their first admission; PA recurred in 18 patients during the follow-up period (mean, 5.5±5.2 months). Cox univariate analysis showed that immune deficiency, C-reactive protein level, galactomannan test (GM test), wheezing, pleural thickening, lung nodules, and prednisone therapy were prognostic factors for overall recurrence of PA after antifungal therapy (P<0.1). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that pleural thickening and prednisone therapy were independent risk factors for the recurrence of PA (P<0.05). The nomogram plot was constructed based on the results of the univariate and multivariate analyses. The C-index of the predictive model was 0.90, 0.83, 0.81, and 0.81 for the 2- , 4-, 6-, and 8- month follow-up timepoints, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78, 0.63, and 0.61 for the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up timepoints, respectively. The calibration curve showed a consistent tendency with the actual curve for the 3-month and 6-month follow-up timepoints.Conclusion: Pleural thickening on computed tomography images and prednisone therapy are independent predictive factors for the recurrence of PA after antifungal therapy. The nomogram developed in this study provided accurate individualized estimates for predicting the recurrence of PA.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants and its Economic importance in Dalomana district, Southeastern Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Shure Hasen Abdela , Talila Habte , Mohammed Umer , Jilo Sufian Abdo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried out March 25 to September 5, 2021, in Dalomana district of Oromia region, Ethiopia. The study focused on documentation of medicinal plants used to treat various human diseases in the study area. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semistructured interviews, group discussion, guided field walks, and observations with participants. Preference ranking, paired comparison, direct matrix ranking, and informant consensus factors (ICF) were used to analyze the importance of some plant species. A total of 93 medicinal plants, distributed in 31 families, 59 genera and 5 of them are unknown were collected and identified. Plant family with the highest medicinal plants in the study area used for various diseases treatment was Fabaceae 10 (10.8 %) followed by Euphorbaieae 6 (6.5%). The result of growth form analysis showed that shrubs constituted the highest proportion of medicinal plants (48.6%). Roots (48.9%) were the most frequently utilized plant parts for preparation of traditional herbal medicines. Crushing was a widely used mode of preparation of traditional remedies where oral administration (37.5%) was the dominant route. The highest informants consensus factor (ICF) values were linked to eye disease (0.66); the lowest was linked with external parasites and wound (0.21). Local people in the study area possess traditional knowledge of medicinal plants to treat various human ailments; however, agricultural expansion and disinterest of young generation became the major threat to medicinal plants. In this study area the total benefits (profits) from the traditional healer practices is estimated to be 237542 birr annually generated as income. It is, therefore, necessary to preserve this indigenous knowledge on traditional medicines by proper documentation, identification of plant species used, and herbal preparation. To save medicinal plants from further loss, involving local communities in cultivation of the most utilized medicinal plants is recommended.
keywords: Ethnobotany, Medicinal Plants, Threat, Conservation
Analysis and modeling of dolomite sealing potential
Authors: zhang sihai , Xu Yin , Lu Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the challenges toward understanding and predicting carbonate reservoir quality is the complex syn- to post-depositional diagenetic processes. Dolomitization is a critical modifier for carbonate reservoir quality in transforming the original grain-pore framework. Dolomitization especially leads to the redistribution of pore structure and connectivity, permeability, pathways, and reservoir producibility. Dolomite may behave as either a conduit or a barrier to flow depending on the original depositional texture, the chemistry of dolomitizing fluid, previous diagenetic stages, the timing and type of dolomitization, and the presence of anhydrite. A quantitative conceptual model of dolomite sealing potential was established based on theoretical calculations of dolomitization for reservoir quality, supported by core and thin section data. The dolomite volume fraction-porosity relationships suggest that (1) generally, dolomitization can be divided into replacement and pore-filling (over-dolomitization) phases; (2) porosity preservation characterizes the former phase, and reduction of porosity for the latter phase; (3) grain-dominated limestone facies usually have less dolomitization potential (e.g., the dolomite fraction is usually < 0.8), whereas muddy facies have a higher dolomitization potential. Away from the dolomitizing fluid source, low flux and normal concentrations cause porosity preservation. Near the fluid source, high flux and high concentrations cause over-dolomitization. Tight dolomite can be an effective seal featuring high dolomite content, small pore throats, low porosity and low permeability. 3D geological models based on well logs and seismic data were built to help understanding the dolomitization mechanism, predict replacive dolomite and dolomite seal distribution. Modeling results very well proved the two phase’s dolomitization and the sealing potential of tight dolomite.
Healthcare use and costs among individuals receiving mental health services for depression within primary care in Nepal
Authors: Aldridge Luke R , Garman Emily C , Patenaude Bryan , Bass Judith K , Jord Mark JD , Luitel Nagendra P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMental health services integrated into primary care is a key strategy for reducing the mental healthcare treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries. We examined trends in healthcare use and costs among individuals with depression and subclinical depressive symptoms in Chitwan, Nepal to understand the impact of integrated care on individual and health system resources. MethodsIndividuals diagnosed with depression at ten primary care facilities were randomized to receive a package of integrated care based on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (treatment group; TG) or this package plus individual psychotherapy (TG+P); individuals with subclinical depressive symptoms received primary care as usual (UC). Primary outcomes were changes in use and health system costs of outpatient healthcare at 3- and 12-month follow up. Secondary outcomes examined use and costs by type. We used Poisson and log-linear models for use and costs, respectively, with an interaction term between time point and study group, and with TG as reference. ResultsThe study included 188 primary care service users (TG=59, TG+P=60, UC=69; 86% female, 24% formally employed, mean age 41.1). At baseline, outpatient visits were similar (-11%, p=0.51) among TG+P and lower (-35%, p=0.01) among UC compared to TG. Visits increased 2.30 times (p<0.001) at 3 months among TG, with a 50% greater increase (p=0.03) among TG+P, before returning to baseline levels among all groups at 12 months. Comparing TG+P to TG, costs were similar at baseline (-1%, p=0.97) and cost changes did not significantly differ at three (-16%, p=0.67) or 12 months (-45%, p=0.13). Costs among UC were 54% lower than TG at baseline (p=0.005), with no significant differences in cost changes over follow up. ConclusionDelivering psychotherapy within integrated services for depression resulted in greater healthcare use without significantly greater costs to the health system or individual. Post hoc analysis indicated individuals not receiving psychotherapy used less frequent, more costly healthcare. Previous research in Chitwan demonstrated psychotherapy determined treatment effectiveness for people with depression. While additional research is needed into health system implementation costs, our findings provide further evidence for including psychotherapy within mental healthcare integration in Nepal and similar contexts.
Canopies, the Final Frog-tier: Exploring responses of a specialist treefrog to prescribed fire in a pyrogenic ecosystem
Authors: Biazzo Ian , Quintana-Ascencio Pedro F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Pine flatwoods of the Southeast United States evolved with frequent wildfires. Land managers today mostly use prescribed burns to control fuels but also to restore historical lightning-caused wildfires dynamics. Though coarse outcomes of this practice are well-understood, fine scale impacts on many animal assemblages are still being explored. Frogs, for example, have upland and wetland requirements, limited mobility, and skin susceptible to desiccation and chemicals. Treefrogs, which are typically nontargeted for management, spend most of their lives in uplands away from water. When fire approaches, these animals will escape to an unburned area, hide in place, or die. Results: We assessed impacts of prescribed fire on the dynamics of an upland flatwoods specialist, the pinewoods treefrog Dryophytes femoralis using a replicated before-after-control-impact field experiment. Using single rope technique and climbing equipment, we set PVC pipes as treefrog refugia at 3m, 6m, 9m, and 9+m in Longleaf Pines, Pinus palustris (n=12 tress). Three trees were selected in each patch per treatment: two unburned and two burned patches during the 2021 burning season (n=4 patches). Every two weeks between March and September we checked pipes for frogs and assigned them unique Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) marks. We obtained data from 76 individuals with an additional 198 recaptures. Using mark-recapture methods and mixed linear models with Bayesian framework, we modeled abundance, survival, and vertical movement. Survival and recapture were comparable among treatments, but abundance, new frogs and probability of moving up or down a tree varied. Frogs in trees in burned units were more likely to stay in place and less likely to descend to lower heights. We observed an increased probability of finding new frogs and more abundance in trees after a fire compared to unburned controls. Conclusions: We found the prevailing mechanism for resiliency to fire for pinewoods treefrogs was migration up large pines, then recolonization of the shrub layer when it regreens post-fire. This finding substantiates conclusions from other works that integrity of mature pines is key to sustaining native biodiversity. Future work and management should consider the three-dimensional structure of habitat when developing burn prescriptions and study designs.
Clinicopathological Patterns and Surgical Outcomes of Primary Brain Tumors Managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Arusha, Tanzania:a Cross-sectional Analysis.
Authors: Magwesela Faraja M. , Msemakweli Doreen , Rabiel Happiness 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The epidemiology of brain tumors varies globally between different countries and there is observed poor outcomes in lower- and middle-income countries. Our aim is to analyze the clinicopathological pattern of intracranial tumors in our setting and their post-surgical outcomes.Methods: This is a retrospective study. Data was obtained from clinical records of patients with intracranial tumors treated at our neurosurgery unit between 2019 and 2020. Only patients with primary brain tumors who underwent surgical intervention were included. Analysis was done to identify factors associated with patient outcomes (mortality/survival and performance status).Results: 39 patients with primary brain tumors underwent surgery (adults 72.8%, males 53.8%, mean age 35.8years). Gliomas (46.2%) comprised the most common tumor diagnosis overall and craniopharyngiomas were the most common tumors in pediatric patients (27.3%). Most patients (83.3%) had a poor performance status before surgery. Gross tumor resection (25.6%) was low and few patients (31.4%) underwent adjuvant therapy. 30-day mortality rate (10.3%) and one year mortality rate (46.2%) were high. Pediatric patients had a much worse outcome (46.2% mortality rate compared to 25% in adults, and 80% with poor performance status) as did males (38.1% mortality rate compared to 27.8% in females). Gliomas accounted for majority (69.2%) of the deaths.Conclusion: Delayed presentation and poor access to adjuvant therapies are important contributors of the high mortality and abandonment of treatment. Inadequate long-term follow-up is a hinderance to optimal neurooncological care in our setting.
Small and large scale engineering design optimization using an innovative hybrid algorithm
Authors: Parouha Raghav Prasad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An innovative hybrid algorithm (ihPSODE) present in this paper, for finding the solution of small and large scale engineering design optimization problems. A new particle swarm optimization (nPSO) and differential evolution (nDE) introduced in ihPSODE, to promote the search accuracy. Besides, a novel inertia weight, acceleration factor and position update structure is adopted in nPSO to increase the population diversity as well as a novel mutation approach and crossover rate is implemented in nDE to escape from local optima. After fitness function calculations recognize the top half member with discard rest half and apply nPSO which help to sustain exploration and exploitation competency of the algorithm. Furthermore, to achieve rapid convergence and stability, apply nDE on offspring created by nPSO. The population resultant by nPSO and nDE are combined for repetition. The efficiency of ihPSODE with its integrating nPSO and nDE algorithm validated on 23 unconstrained benchmark functions and utilized to solve 5 small (structural optimization) and 1large (economic dispatch with 3-, 6-, 15-, 40-, 140-unit test system considering with or without valve point effect) scale engineering design optimization problems plus comparing the results with various modern algorithms. Experimental and equated results confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithms.
Automatic classification of experimental models in biomedical literature to support searching for alternative methods to animal experiments
Authors: Neves Mariana , Klippert Antonina , Knöspel Fanny , Rudeck Juliane , Stolz Ailine , Ban Zsofia , Becker Markus , Diederich Kai , Grune Barbara , Kahnau Pia , Ohnesorge Nils , Pucher Johannes , Schönfelder Gilbert , Bert Bettina , Butzke Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: European Union legislature requires replacement of animal experiments with alternative methods, whenever such methods are suitable to reach the intended scientific objective. However, searching for alternative methods in the scientific literature is a time-consuming task that requires careful screening of an enormously large number of experimental biomedical publications. The identification of potentially relevant methods, e.g. organ or cell culture models, or computer simulations, can be supported with text mining tools specifically built for this purpose. Such tools are trained (or fine tuned) on relevant data sets labeled by human experts. Methods: We developed the GoldHamster corpus, composed of 1,600 PubMed (Medline) abstracts, in which we manually identified the used experimental model according to a set of eight labels, namely: “in vivo”, “organs”, “primary cells”, “immortal cell lines”, “invertebrates”, “humans”, “in silico” and “other” (models). We recruited 13 annotators with expertise in the biomedical domain and assigned each article to two individuals. Three additional rounds of annotation aimed at improving the quality of the annotations with disagreements in the first round. Furthermore, we conducted various machine learning experiments based on supervised learning to evaluate the suitability of the corpus for our classification task. Results: We obtained more than 7,000 abstract-level annotations for the above labels. The inter-annotator agreement (kappa coefficient) varied among labels, and ranged from 0.63 (for “others”) to 0.82 (for “invertebrates”), with an overall score of 0.74. The best-performing machine learning experiment used the BioBERT pre-trained model with fine-tuning to our corpus, which gained an overall f-score of 0.82. Conclusions: We obtained a high agreement for most of the labels, and our evaluation demonstrated, that our corpus is suitable for training reliable predictive models for automatic classification of biomedical literature according to the used experimental models. Our “Smart feature-based interactive” search tool (SMAFIRA) will employ this classifier for supporting the retrieval of alternative methods to animal experiments. The corpus and the source code will be made available.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and Pharmacological Validation for Deciphering the Mechanism of Qishen Yixin Granules in Suppressing myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Jiang Hugang , Wang Xinqiang , Lin Wenyan , Liu Kai , Li Yingdong , Zhao Xinke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of Qishen Yixin Granules (QSYXG) in the treatment of MF using an integrated network pharmacology and pharmacological validation approach. All active ingredients, drug targets, MF genes were screened from the TCMSP database, drug-target databases, GeneCard database, respectively. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were operated through the clusterProfiler package in R programming language. Experimental validation was performed using haematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry in isoproterenol-induced MF rats, and western blot analysis, phalloidin staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to elucidate the predicted mechanism on H9C2 cells. In this study, 55 bioactive components and 59 putative targets were collected. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that responses to lipopolysaccharides, oxidative stress and hypoxia were the key biological processes and were regulated simultaneously by six direct targets, including PTGS2, MAPK14, AKT1, MAPK8, IL-6 and IL-1β. Five pathways were determined by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The experiment results indicate QSYXG could down-regulated expression of PTGS2, MAPK14 and MAPK8 and up-regulated expression of AKT1 in the treatment of MF. This study revealed QSYXG could alleviate MF based on multiple components, targets and pathways.
Insect netting: effect of mesh size and shape on exclusion of some fruit pests and natural enemies under laboratory and orchard conditions
Authors: Chouinard Gérald , Pelletier Francine , Larose Mikael , Knoch Simon , Pouchet Catherine , Dumont Marie-Josée , Tavares Jason R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To improve exclusion systems for fruit trees, insect nets of various types were evaluated for their permeability to different beneficial and pest species, under laboratory and field conditions. Pests studied were the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Beneficials were Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus abdominalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Mesh nets with five different apertures (square, rectangle, triangle, rhombus and hexagon) and six different sizes (from 0.4 to 2.8 mm) were 3D-printed from strands of polylactic acid and tested in the laboratory along with two commercially available nets made of polyethylene. The physical and behavioral characteristics of the six studied species affected their ability to cross the nets. For an equal size (open area), the intrusion rate was generally greater through the square- and / or hexagonal-shaped meshes. Rectangular-shaped apertures totally excluded the apple maggot in both laboratory and field trials, provided their shortest side did not exceed 1.9 mm. For the spotted-wing drosophila, a maximum of 1.0 mm was similarly required for exclusion in the laboratory. The shape factor (length / width ratio) of the apertures appeared to affect net selectivity. Field trials confirmed that more aphid predators and leafroller parasitoids colonized trees covered with larger mesh nets (2.3 x 3.4 mm), while still excluding the apple maggot. Thus, for a similar aperture size (area), an elongated rectangular shaped mesh appears to facilitate access for beneficials, while continuing to provide effective protection against apple pests.