bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
638. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF REPEATED TALAPORFIN SODIUM PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Tamaoki Masashi , Yokoyama Akira , MItani Yosuke , Horimatsu Takahiro , Ohashi Shinya , Katada Chikatoshi , Muto Manabu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While Talaporfin sodium photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective and safety salvage treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer, some case developed local failure. For such case, repeated PDT could be indicated. However, safety and efficacy of repeated PDT as a salvage treatment for esophageal cancer has not been elucidated.
We retrospectively reviewed 60 patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with salvage PDT at Kyoto University Hospital between October 2015 and August 2021.
Among 60 patients, repeated PDT after the first PDT was indicated for 21 lesions in 16 patients (26.7%), of which eight lesions were residual tumor, four were local recurrence after complete response (CR) after the first PDT at the primary site, and nine were metachronous lesion. The total session of repeated PDT was 33; 20 were for primary sites and 13 were for metachronous sites. Among them, seven patients (43.8%) achieved local (L) -CR and 13 lesions (61.9%) achieved lesion L-CR. By session, 14 sessions (42.4%) achieved L-CR. There were no severe adverse events except for one patient of perforation.
Repeated PDT could be an effective and safe treatment option for local failure after salvage PDT for esophageal cancer.
Prediction of Crohn’s Disease Stricturing Phenotype Using aNOD2-derived Genomic Biomarker
Authors: Ashton James J , Cheng Guo , Stafford Imogen S , Kellermann Melina , Seaby Eleanor G , Cummings, J R Fraser , Coelho Tracy A F , Batra Akshay , Afzal Nadeem A , Beattie R Mark , Ennis Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCrohn’s disease (CD) is highly heterogenous and may be complicated by stricturing behavior. Personalized prediction of stricturing will inform management. We aimed to create a stricturing risk stratification model using genomic/clinical data.MethodsExome sequencing was performed on CD patients, and phenotype data retrieved. Biallelic variants in NOD2 were identified. NOD2 was converted into a per-patient deleteriousness metric (“GenePy”). Using training data, patients were stratified into risk groups for fibrotic stricturing using NOD2. Findings were validated in a testing data set. Models were modified to include disease location at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards assessed performance.ResultsSix hundred forty-five patients were included (373 children and 272 adults); 48 patients fulfilled criteria for monogenic NOD2-related disease (7.4%), 24 of whom had strictures. NOD2 GenePy scores stratified patients in training data into 2 risk groups. Within testing data, 30 of 161 patients (18.6%) were classified as high-risk based on the NOD2 biomarker, with stricturing in 17 of 30 (56.7%). In the low-risk group, 28 of 131 (21.4%) had stricturing behavior. Cox proportional hazards using the NOD2 risk groups demonstrated a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.092 (P = 2.4 × 10-5), between risk groups. Limiting analysis to patients diagnosed aged &lt; 18-years improved performance (HR-3.164, P = 1 × 10-6). Models were modified to include disease location, such as terminal ileal (TI) disease or not. Inclusion of NOD2 risk groups added significant additional utility to prediction models. High-risk group pediatric patients presenting with TI disease had a HR of 4.89 (P = 2.3 × 10-5) compared with the low-risk group patients without TI disease.ConclusionsA NOD2 genomic biomarker predicts stricturing risk, with prognostic power improved in pediatric-onset CD. Implementation into a clinical setting can help personalize management.
Introduction
Authors: Busch Danny , Gortsos Christos V , McMeel Gerard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This is the introductory chapter of the book. It explains that the book offers a thorough overview, analysis, and discussion of the liability regimes which apply to financial supervisors and resolution authorities at EU level, at the level of selected individual EU Member States, and in major jurisdictions worldwide. It offers a unique and thorough access to a topic that is of great practical and theoretical importance. The book also contains a thorough comparative law evaluation.
Liability of the European Financial Authorities
Authors: Busch Danny , Gortsos Christos V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview and discussion of the liability of the European financial authorities. Such are: (i) the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), (ii) the European Banking Authority (EBA), (iii) the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), (iv) the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB), (v) the European Central Bank (ECB), (vi) and the Single Resolution Board (SRB).
Germany
Authors: Binder Jens-Hinrich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the fundamental principles for liability of supervisory authorities within Germany, which essentially follows more general patterns of state liability for negligent breaches of duties by public officials more generally. As guaranteed by the German Constitution, the state will be liable if a public official, when discharging his or her duties under administrative law, is found to have breached a duty towards individuals (or companies) and has done so at least negligently. As a consequence of legislation introduced in the aftermath of the Herstatt failure in 1974, however, financial supervisors under German law are generally deemed to discharge their duties only ‘in the public interest’, which effectively precludes liability towards individuals. The chapter explains the background and the consequences of that doctrine, and discusses whether liability might nonetheless arise in the context of obligations enshrined in European law.
France
Authors: Bonneau Thierry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The liability of the French financial and the French banking authorities is not so common a question. The legal framework is limited. The main source of liability standard is case law. The French financial authority and the French banking authority are not exactly in the same situation because of their respective status. Only the financial authority has legal personality. It implies that the banking authority is not in itself liable for negligence, misconduct, or inadequate behaviour. The French state is therefore liable in this latter case. This difference is without consequence on the conditions on which liability depends: a fault/negligence, damage, and a cause connection. In many cases, gross negligence/gross fault must be proved. Consequently, the question is to determine the significance and the extent of this concept. The result is that it is not easy to engage the liability of the authorities and the French state as regards losses suffered by clients.
Italy
Authors: Perrone Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The liability of financial supervisors under Italian law stands out for a checkered course. After decades of case law declining jurisdiction in civil liability cases against public authorities, since the mid-1990s, in a few instances, courts awarded damages to investors for losses caused by negligent supervision. In the early 2000s, the pendulum swung back. A statutory restriction made financial supervisors’ liability conditional on intent or gross negligence, and new cases withered. The national act implementing the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive extended the same restriction to the resolution authority. Following the crisis of some local banks, however, a few cases, in part still pending, were brought against financial supervisors and the resolution authority in most recent times. This chapter discusses liability standards, addresses the liability of financial supervisors in practice, and offers a comprehensive evaluation of the relevant matter.
Spain
Authors: Muñoz David Ramos , García Elia Cerrato , Argachal Carlos Bosque 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses on the liability of financial supervisors and resolution authorities in Spain. Those authorities are: (i) the Banco de España (BdE) for banking, (ii) the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV) for securities, (iii) the Dirección General de Seguros y Fondos de Pensiones (DGSFP) for insurance and re-insurance, and (iv) the Fondo de Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria (FROB), as national resolution authority. Following a long-standing tradition, financial supervisors’ liability in Spain is subject to the general requisites that determine public authorities’ liability. This general background, however, does not fully capture how liability is appraised in practice, its nuances, and the reluctance of courts to find the authorities liable. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis of the relevant case law undertaken in this chapter studies the standard of review applied by Spanish courts in cases (potentially) involving financial supervisors´ (and resolution authorities’) liability. The chapter further analyses the consistency of such liability regime (and the applied standard of review) with the requirements that determine the liability of Union bodies under EU Law, and concludes that Spanish courts’ attitude may evolve as the interest in implementing consistent supervisory practices across Member States increases.
Portugal
Authors: Morais Luís Silva , Feteira Lúcio Tomé 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tortious liability of financial supervisors (including those that exercise resolution functions) in Portugal is governed by the specific tort law regime applicable to the state and other public entities in Portugal. The liability criteria provided for the tortious liability regime for the state and other public entities are largely aligned with general tort liability rules, notwithstanding some important differences in several requirements. The chief purpose of this chapter is to discuss and evaluate in practice the tortious liability of financial supervisors having regard of the institutional supervisory model adopted in Portugal, which includes the Bank of Portugal (Banco de Portugal, which is simultaneously the central bank and the financial supervisor for the banking sector, for as much as this competence is retained at national level vis-à-vis the Single Supervisory Mechanism, with resolution functions), the Portuguese Insurance and Pension Funds Authority (Autoridade de Seguros e Fundos de Pensões), and the Portuguese Securities Market Commission (Comissão de Mercado de Valores Mobiliários).
United Kingdom
Authors: McMeel Gerard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the potential civil liability to depositors and investors of the financial supervisory authorities—the Prudential Regulation Authority, the Financial Conduct Authority, and the Bank of England—in the UK. Both at common law and by express statutory provision significant hurdles have been erected for claimants in such cases, including a general requirement of bad faith and difficulties establishing causation, and therefore there have been no successful reported cases. In contrast various public inquiries have revealed very significant failures in supervision of financial firms in the UK, but where compensation has eventually been paid, in cases where political pressure has made it difficult for governments to refuse, such sums have been ex gratia and typically modest.
Australia
Authors: Paterson Jeannie Marie , Paterson Ian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Australia has been spared recent collapses of significant financial institutions. The powers of Australian regulators to resolve a failing institution have not been tested in the courts. The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission are given broad immunities from suit by potential claimants, except in respect of conduct not in good faith. It is likely that this would allow claims for intentional torts, such as the tort of misfeasance in public office. Cases where the elements of that tort could be made out by an affected institution, depositor, or other counterparty to that institution should be rare. In addition, the Commonwealth Constitution provides some protection against regulatory action that might be characterized as an acquisition of property that is not on just terms. An action by APRA that had this character could give rise to a statutory ground for compensation against the Commonwealth.
Automatic classification of galaxy morphology based on the RegNetX-CBAM3 algorithm
Authors: Li Juan , Tu Liangping , Gao Xiang , Li Xin , Zhong Zhengdi , Feng Xueqi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on the automatic classification of galaxy morphology based on deep learning. Through applying a variety of improvement strategies and comparing the results of a large number of experiments, an algorithm named RegNetX-CBAM3 with good performance is proposed to implement the task of automatic classification of galaxy morphology. The RegNetX-CBAM3 algorithm is applied along with many other popular neural networks in the data set consisting of the Extraction de Formes Idéalisées de Galaxies en Imagerie (EFIGI) catalogue and Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2), and there are the following seven types of the galaxy morphology in this data set: lenticular, barred spiral, spiral, completely round smooth, in-between smooth, cigar-shaped smooth, and irregular, respectively. Experimental results show that the RegNetX-CBAM3 algorithm achieves the state-of-the-art results over many other excellent algorithms, with the accuracy of 0.9202, purity of 0.9214, completeness of 0.9213, F1-score of 0.9210, and AUC value of 0.9827 on the test set. Moreover, we establish a method of probability confidence calculation considering the classification bias. The confidence degree of galaxies calculated by this method is basically consistent with that of GZ2 and EFIGI, which demonstrates the rationality of this method and also proves that the RegNetX-CBAM3 algorithm can effectively classify galaxies. Therefore, the RegNetX-CBAM3 algorithm can be applied to effectively solve the problem of automatic classification of galaxy morphology. On EFIGI data, the performance of the RegNetX-CBAM3 algorithm does not change substantially with the redshift range. In addition, it should be noted that the use of deep neural networks, manual annotation, and data enhancement may cause classification bias in galaxy images.
Can accreting primordial black holes explain the excess radio background?
Authors: Acharya Sandeep Kumar , Dhandha Jiten , Chluba Jens 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The excess radio background seen at ${\simeq}0.1\rm{-}10\, {\rm GHz}$ has stimulated much scientific debate in the past years. Recently, it was pointed out that the soft photon emission from accreting primordial black holes may be able to explain this signal. We show that the expected ultraviolet photon emission from these accreting black holes would ionize the universe completely at z &gt; 6 and thus wash out the 21-cm absorption signature at z ≃ 20 as well as be in tension with existing cosmic microwave background anisotropy and average spectral distortion limits. We discuss possible augmentations of the model; however, it seems that an explanation of radio excess by accreting primordial black holes is not well-justified.
Testing general relativity using quasi-periodic oscillations from X-ray black holes: XTE J1550-564 and GRO J1655-40
Authors: Rink Katherine , Caiazzo Ilaria , Heyl Jeremy 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the Relativistic Precession Model (RPM) and quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) observations from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer to derive constraints on the properties of the black holes that power these sources and to test general relativity (GR) in the strong field regime. We build upon past techniques by using pairs of simultaneously measured QPOs, rather than triplets, and by including characteristic frequencies from the broad noise components of the power spectra in our fits. We find the inclusion of these broad noise components causes an overestimate in masses and underestimate in spins compared to values derived independently from optical spectra. We extend the underlying space-time metric to constrain potential deviations from the predictions of GR for astrophysical black holes. To do this, we modify the RPM model to a Kerr–Newman–deSitter space-time and model changes in the radial, ecliptic, and vertical frequencies. We compare our models with X-ray data of XTE J1550-564 and GRO J1655-40 using robust statistical techniques to constrain the parameters of the black holes and the deviations from GR. For both sources, using QPO and characteristic frequency data, we constrain particular deviations from GR to be less than one part per thousand.
CMB power spectra and cosmological parameters from Planck PR4 with CamSpec
Authors: Rosenberg Erik , Gratton Steven , Efstathiou George 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present angular power spectra and cosmological parameter constraints derived from the Planck PR4 (NPIPE) maps of the cosmic microwave background. NPIPE, released by the Planck Collaboration in 2020, is a new processing pipeline for producing calibrated frequency maps from Planck data. We have created new versions of the CamSpec likelihood using these maps and applied them to constrain the lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model and single-parameter extensions. We find excellent consistency between NPIPE and the Planck 2018 maps at the parameter level, showing that the Planck cosmology is robust to substantial changes in the mapmaking. The lower noise of NPIPE leads to ~10 per cent tighter constraints, and we see both smaller error bars and a shift towards the ΛCDM values for beyond-ΛCDM parameters including ΩK and AL.
iPro-WAEL: a comprehensive and robust framework for identifying promoters in multiple species
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Zhang Hongming , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Promoters are consensus DNA sequences located near the transcription start sites and they play an important role in transcription initiation. Due to their importance in biological processes, the identification of promoters is significantly important for characterizing the expression of the genes. Numerous computational methods have been proposed to predict promoters. However, it is difficult for these methods to achieve satisfactory performance in multiple species. In this study, we propose a novel weighted average ensemble learning model, termed iPro-WAEL, for identifying promoters in multiple species, including Human, Mouse, E.coli, Arabidopsis, B.amyloliquefaciens, B.subtilis and R.capsulatus. Extensive benchmarking experiments illustrate that iPro-WAEL has optimal performance and is superior to the current methods in promoter prediction. The experimental results also demonstrate a satisfactory prediction ability of iPro-WAEL on cross-cell lines, promoters annotated by other methods and distinguishing between promoters and enhancers. Moreover, we identify the most important transcription factor binding site (TFBS) motif in promoter regions to facilitate the study of identifying important motifs in the promoter regions. The source code of iPro-WAEL is freely available at https://github.com/HaoWuLab-Bioinformatics/iPro-WAEL.
Trajectories of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Palliative Gastrointestinal Surgery in Advanced Cancer
Authors: Wong Jolene S. M. , Ng Irene A. T. , Juan Wen Kai D. , Ong Whee Sze , Yang Grace M. , Finkelstein Eric A. , Gandhi Mihir , Ong Chin-Ann J. , Seo Chin Jin , Zhu Hong-Yuan , Chia Claramae S. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the trajectories and sustainability of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes after palliative gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and perioperative factors associated with HRQoL improvement postsurgery.

Background:
Palliative patients face a wide range of physical, emotional, social, and functional challenges. In evaluating the efficacy of palliative surgical interventions, a major pitfall of traditional surgical outcome measures is that they fall short of measuring outcomes that are meaningful to patients during end-of-life. HRQoL tools may provide a more comprehensive assessment of the true value and impact of palliative surgery.

Methods:
We prospectively recruit advanced cancer patients undergoing palliative GI surgery. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General (FACT-G) questionnaire was administered before and at regular intervals after surgery. HRQoL improvement was defined as ≥4-points increment in FACT-G total score over baseline. Duration of sustained HRQoL improvement above this threshold and factors associated with varying extents of HRQoL change were evaluated.

Results:
Of the 65 patients, intestinal obstruction was the most common indication for surgery (70.8%). The mean baseline FACT-G total score was 70.7 (95% CI: 66.3–75.1). Forty-six (70.8%) patients experienced HRQoL improvement after surgery. This HRQoL improvement was sustained over a median duration of 3.5 months and was driven mainly by improvements in patients’ physical and emotional well-being. Albumin was significantly associated with the extent of HRQoL improvements (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:
A clinically significant and sustained improvement in HRQoL was observed after palliative GI surgery. Patients with higher preoperative albumin levels were more likely to experience HRQoL improvements.
Reliability of Current Classification Systems for Periprosthetic Fractures of the Humerus
Authors: Auran Richard L. , Tran Tram L. , Dehghan Niloofar , McKee Michael D. , Lederman Evan S. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Numerous classification systems exist to evaluate periprosthetic humerus fractures, although most are based on limited patient numbers. The Wright and Cofield system is the most widely used classification system. We sought to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of this system compared with the Unified Classification System (UCS) using the largest patient sample to date.

Methods:
This retrospective study identified patients between December 2011 and January 2021 with a periprosthetic fracture of the humerus around the stem of a shoulder arthroplasty component. Three upper extremity fellowship-trained surgeons evaluated all radiographs for stem stability, evidence of preinjury stem loosening, Wright and Cofield classification, UCS classification, and recommended treatment for each case at 2 timepoints separated by 2 months. The kappa statistic for interobserver and intraobserver reliability was calculated.

Results:
Seventy-six patients were included. There was moderate interobserver (kappa 0.53) and substantial intraobserver (kappa 0.69) agreement when classifying stem stability after fracture. There was moderate interobserver (kappa 0.48) and intraobserver (kappa 0.60) agreement when evaluating for stem loosening before fracture. There was fair interobserver (kappa 0.29) and moderate intraobserver (kappa 0.51) agreement regarding the UCS class. There was moderate interobserver (kappa 0.41) and intraobserver (kappa 0.57) agreement regarding the proposed treatment. There was slight interobserver (kappa 0.04) and moderate intraobserver (kappa 0.44) agreement regarding the Wright and Cofield classification.

Conclusion:
The Wright and Cofield system is less reliable than the UCS classification. A more reliable and clinically relevant classification system is needed to standardize discussion of periprosthetic proximal humerus fractures.