bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a lectin domain that regulates enzyme activity in mouse N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (MGAT4A)
Authors: Nagae Masamichi , Hirata Tetsuya , Tateno Hiroaki , Mishra Sushil K. , Manabe Noriyoshi , Osada Naoko , Tokoro Yuko , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Doerksen Robert J. , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Kizuka Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractN-Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification, and the number of GlcNAc branches in N-glycans impacts glycoprotein functions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (GnT-IVa, also designated as MGAT4A) forms a β1-4 GlcNAc branch on the α1-3 mannose arm in N-glycans. Downregulation or loss of GnT-IVa causes diabetic phenotypes by dysregulating glucose transporter-2 in pancreatic β-cells. Despite the physiological importance of GnT-IVa, its structure and catalytic mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we identify the lectin domain in mouse GnT-IVa’s C-terminal region. The crystal structure of the lectin domain shows structural similarity to a bacterial GlcNAc-binding lectin. Comprehensive glycan binding assay using 157 glycans and solution NMR reveal that the GnT-IVa lectin domain selectively interacts with the product N-glycans having a β1-4 GlcNAc branch. Point mutation of the residue critical to sugar recognition impairs the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the lectin domain is a regulatory subunit for efficient catalytic reaction. Our findings provide insights into how branching structures of N-glycans are biosynthesized.
A model for network-based identification and pharmacological targeting of aberrant, replication-permissive transcriptional programs induced by viral infection
Authors: Laise Pasquale , Stanifer Megan L. , Bosker Gideon , Sun Xiaoyun , Triana Sergio , Doldan Patricio , La Manna Federico , De Menna Marta , Realubit Ronald B. , Pampou Sergey , Karan Charles , Alexandrov Theodore , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna , Califano Andrea , Boulant Steeve , Alvarez Mariano J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 hijacks the host cell transcriptional machinery to induce a phenotypic state amenable to its replication. Here we show that analysis of Master Regulator proteins representing mechanistic determinants of the gene expression signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells revealed coordinated inactivation of Master Regulators enriched in physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, suggesting their mechanistic role in maintaining a host cell state refractory to virus replication. To test their functional relevance, we measured SARS-CoV-2 replication in epithelial cells treated with drugs predicted to activate the entire repertoire of repressed Master Regulators, based on their experimentally elucidated, context-specific mechanism of action. Overall, 15 of the 18 drugs predicted to be effective by this methodology induced significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication, without affecting cell viability. This model for host-directed pharmacological therapy is fully generalizable and can be deployed to identify drugs targeting host cell-based Master Regulator signatures induced by virtually any pathogen.
Insulin therapy maintains the performance of PVA-coated PCL grafts in a diabetic rat model
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta , Oyama Kyohei , Yoshida Takumi , Naruse Daisuke , Tsutsui Masahiro , Kunioka Shingo , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus deteriorates the performance of small-caliber PCL graft and insulin treatment rescues the function.
Caregiver-Implemented Communication Interventions for Children Identified as Having Language Impairment 0 Through 48 Months of Age: A Scoping Review
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H. , Elmquist Marianne , Kuchler Kirstin , Ford Andrea Boh , Cakir-Dilek Betul , Riegelman Amy , Brown Sarah Jane , Marsalis Scott 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
Caregiver-implemented interventions are frequently used to support the early communication of young children with language impairment. Although there are numerous studies and meta-analyses supporting their use, there is a need to better understand the intervention approaches and identify potential gaps in the research base. With that premise, we conducted a scoping review to synthesize existing data with an end goal of informing future research directions.

Method:

We identified relevant studies by comprehensively searching four databases. After deduplication, we screened 5,703 studies. We required included studies (
N
= 59) to evaluate caregiver-implemented communication interventions and include at least one caregiver communication outcome measure. We extracted information related to the (a) study, child, and caregiver characteristics; (b) intervention components (e.g., strategies taught, delivery method and format, and dosage); and (c) caregiver and child outcome measures (e.g., type, quality, and level of evidence).

Results:
We synthesized results by age group of the child participants. There were no studies with children in the prenatal through 11-month-old age range identified in our review that yielded a caregiver language outcome measure with promising or compelling evidence. For the 12- through 23-month group, there were seven studies, which included eight communication intervention groups; for the 24- through 35-month group, there were 21 studies, which included 26 intervention groups; and for the 36- through 48-month group, there were 21 studies, which included 23 intervention groups. Across studies and age groups, there was considerable variability in the reporting of study characteristics, intervention approaches, and outcome measures.

Conclusion:
Our scoping review highlights important research gaps and inconsistencies in study reporting that should be addressed in future investigations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20289195
Continuously wavelength‐tunable passband‐flattened fibre multiwavelength filter based on heterogeneous combination of wave retarders
Authors: Jung Jaehoon , Lee Yong Wook 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy incorporating the heterogeneous combination of wave retarders, the authors demonstrated a continuously wavelength‐tunable passband‐flattened fibre multiwavelength filter comprised of a four‐port polarization beam splitter (PBS), two equal‐length polarization‐maintaining fibre (PMF) segments, one wave retarder combination (WRC) of dual quarter‐wave retarders (QWRs), and another WRC of a half‐wave retarder (HWR) and a QWR. The former WRC lies before the first PMF segment, and the latter one is located between the two PMF segments. From the theoretically derived filter transmittance, the authors found the orientation angle (OA) sets of the four wave retarders where the additional phase ϕ of the transmittance function could be continuously modified from 0° to 360°. For eight OA sets allowing ϕ to increase from 0° to 315° by 45°, the authors calculated the passband‐flattened transmission spectrum of the filter and confirmed its redshift by 0.1 nm per set. Then, this theoretical prediction was verified by the experimental implementation of the filter, which clearly indicates the continuous wavelength tuning capability of the proposed filter.
Multiple hypothesis S‐dimensional assignment algorithm for data association of angle‐only sensors with limited fields of view
Authors: Ma Feng , Lu Huanzhang , Zhang Luping , Shen Xinglin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on how to obtain globally optimal multisensor data association results under the condition that the number of targets is unknown. This problem is likely to occur in scenarios where the sensors’ fields of view (FoVs) are limited. The authors proved that, ideally, the cost of the association result is a convex function of the assumed target number and with the minimal value only if the target number is correctly assumed. Based on this, a multiple hypothesis S‐dimensional assignment (MHSDA) algorithm is proposed, which replaces the traditional irrevocable onetime assumption with a multiple hypothesis approach to counteract the effect of target number uncertainty. Furthermore, a hybrid implementation architecture based on Union Find plus MHSDA is proposed to ensure the real‐time performance. The proposed algorithm requires neither prior knowledge on the number of targets nor on the FoVs of sensors and is applicable to target dense scenarios. Simulation results under different FoV, target number and measurement noise configurations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
X-ray illuminated accretion discs and quasar microlensing disc sizes
Authors: Papadakis I. E. , Dovčiak M. , Kammoun E. S. 
Published: July 2022

Aims. We study the half-light radius versus black hole mass as well as the luminosity versus black hole mass relations in active galactic nuclei (AGN) when the disc is illuminated by the X-ray corona.
Methods. We used KYNSED, a recently developed spectral model for studying broadband spectral energy distribution in AGN. We considered non-illuminated Novikov-Thorne discs and X-ray illuminated discs based on a Novikov-Thorne temperature radial profile. We also considered the case where the temperature profile is modified by a colour-correction factor. In the case of X-ray illumination, we assumed that the X-ray luminosity is equal to the accretion power that is dissipated to the disc below a transition radius and we computed the half-light radius and the disc luminosity for many black hole masses, as well as a wide range of accretion rates, black hole spins, X-ray luminosities and heights of the corona.
Results. The half-light radius of X-ray illuminated radii can be up to ∼3.5 times greater than the radius of a standard disc, even for a non-spinning black hole, based on a wide range of model parameters – as long as the transition radius is larger than three times the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit and the coronal height is greater than ∼40 Rg. This result is due to the fact that the absorbed X-rays act as a secondary source of energy, increasing the disc temperature, and mainly at large radii. Non-illuminated discs are consistent with observations, but only at the 2.5σ level. On the other hand, X-ray illuminated discs can explain both the half-light radius-black hole mass as well as the luminosity-black hole mass relation in AGN, for a wide range of physical parameters. The range of the parameter space is broader in the case where we consider the colour-correction factor. X-ray illuminated discs can explain the data when we observe gravitationally lensed quasars mainly face-on, but also if the mean inclination angle is 60°. In addition, we show that the observed X-ray luminosity of the gravitationally lensed quasars is fully consistent with the X-ray luminosity that is necessary for heating the disc.
Conclusions. X-ray disc illumination was proposed many years ago to explain various features that are commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of AGN. Recently, we showed that X-ray illumination of the accretion disc can also explain the observed UV/optical time-lags in AGN, while in this work, we show that the same model can also account for the quasar micro-lensing disc size problem. These results support the hypothesis of the disc X-ray illumination in AGN.
Operative Therapie der avaskulären Nekrose des
Metakarpalekopfes (M. Dieterich) mittels eines osteochondralen Zylinders aus dem
ipsilateralen Os pisiforme: Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Meuser Stefan , Richter Martin 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 67jährigen Patienten, bei dem eine
avaskuläre Knochennekrose des Kopfes des dritten Mittelhandknochens
mittels Knorpel-Knochen-Transplantat aus dem resezierten ipsilateralen Os
pisiforme behandelt wurde.
Diagnostics and Treatment of Volkmann Ischemic Contracture in a Seven-Year-Old Child
Authors: Schulze Annekatrin , Schultz Jurek , Dragu Adrian , Fitze Guido 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 7-year-old boy presented 6 weeks after open reduction and crossed Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of a supracondylar humerus fracture. Previous treatments had restored skeletal anatomy without documented complications. However, the patient would not move the entire arm, including his forearm and hand. Any passive movement led to anxious adverse reactions, and there was partial numbness of all fingers. After intensive physio- and occupational therapy supported by nerve stimulation and psychological counseling, anxiety-related functional deficits of the shoulder and elbow resolved to reveal the severe Volkmann contracture of the right hand developed fully. Electroneurography, X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging of the forearm, and ultrasonography showed nonfunctional ulnar and a partially disturbed radial motor nerve distal to the elbow along with damaged flexor muscles of the forearm after compartment syndrome. In addition, damage to the median nerve at the elbow level was diagnosed. After intense conservative therapy, we partially resected fibrotic fascia of the superficial flexor compartment, freed ulnar and median nerves, and performed staircase-like releases of tendons and tenotomies. We achieved a full range of motion of all fingers and markedly improved the range of motion of the wrist. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores for function improved from 80 to 16 at the 2-year follow-up postoperatively, but some impairments of fine motor function persisted. Subtle symptoms of a developing compartment syndrome need to be recognized. Overlooked and untreated, a consecutive Volkmann contracture can turn the extremity nonfunctional. Intensive physical, psychological, and surgical therapy in a specialized center can restore function but requires endurance and perseverance throughout the lengthy recovery.
High-Resolution Transperineal Ultrasound in Anorectal Malformations—Can We Replace the Distal Colostogram?
Authors: Palmisani Francesca , Krois Wilfried , Patsch Janina , Metzelder Martin , Reck-Burneo Carlos A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARM) affect 1 in 5,000 newborns with a wide range of defects. In the absence of a visible fistula, the diagnosis and classification of ARM require an augmented pressure distal colostogram. This procedure can be done after a diverting colostomy has been performed and implies exposing the child to radiation. We hypothesized that high-resolution transperineal ultrasound could correctly diagnose the type of ARM, thus sparing radiation exposure.
Case Description Four full-term male newborns with ARM and no visible anal opening were referred to our center for further management. A diverting descendostomy was performed in the first 48 hours of life in all cases. Prior to the reconstructive surgery, we performed a high-resolution transperineal ultrasound with 3D tomographic reconstruction of the perineal region to assess the urethra, the rectum, and a possible fistula. Findings were compared with a conventional augmented pressure distal colostogram. The image acquisition was fast and did not cause any additional distress to the children.
Conclusion In all cases the results of the distal colostogram nicely correlated with the high-resolution transperineal ultrasound with 3D tomographic reconstruction. In the future, we envision a time when it can potentially replace the distal colostogram in preoperative assessment of ARM with no distress and exposure to radiation.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Final-Year Pharmacy and Medical Students in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Shaboun Seham , Salama Lina , Salama Rima , Abdrabba Fatma , Shabon Fawzia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a growing branch of medicine that can improve the quality of life of many people. This study aimed to assess comparatively the knowledge, attitude, and use of CAM among graduation year pharmacy and medicine students at the University of Benghazi, Libya.Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted among graduation year pharmacy and medicine students at the University of Benghazi for 4 months. The study tool was a self-administered online questionnaire and consisted of four main sections: demographic data, use, knowledge, and attitude toward CAM.Results Most of the study respondents were females, and most were from Benghazi city. CAM use among pharmacy students was significantly higher (p-value= 0.001), with ruguia being the most commonly used modality (52.5%), followed by cupping-Al hijama and herbal medicine. Minor ailments and acute illnesses were the main medical conditions treated with CAM, and the unnecessary physician intervention was the top reason for practicing CAM among students. CAM knowledge and attitude were significantly higher among pharmacy students (p-value= 0.000 and 0.001, respectively).Conclusion CAM was commonly practiced among the study participants. Their overall knowledge of CAM was limited, whereas their attitude toward it was positive, with pharmacy students having a better degree of both.
Applicability of Adults 2015 American Thyroid Association Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Guidelines for Postoperative Risk Stratification and Postradioiodine Treatment Dynamic Risk Stratification in Pediatric Population
Authors: Singh Shashank Shekhar , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Sood Ashwani , Bhattacharya Anish , Kumar Ganesh , Shekhawat Amit Singh , Singh Harpreet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose This retrospective study aimed to study the applicability of 2015 adult American Thyroid Association (ATA) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) postoperative risk stratification and guidelines in the pediatric population for evaluating the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the postoperative risk stratification and postradioactive iodine (RAI) treatment dynamic risk stratification (DRS) using response to treatment (RTT) reclassification. In addition, the effect of pubertal status and gender was assessed on disease presentation and prognosis.
Methods Data of 63 DTC patients aged 20 years or less, stratified into prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal age groups, was divided into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups using pediatric ATA recurrence risk stratification. Forty-seven patients were classified as responders (excellent and indeterminate responses) and incomplete responders (biochemical and structurally incomplete responses) by assessing the RTT at 1.5 years follow-up similar to recommendation of 2015 adult DTC ATA guidelines.
Results Female-to-male ratio showed a trend of gradual increase with increasing age. Significantly more responders were observed in low- and intermediate-risk groups than in high-risk group (p = 0.0013; p = 0.017, respectively), while prepubertal group had more extensive (N1b) disease. Using DRS at follow-up of 1.5 year, pubertal and postpubertal groups showed significantly better response to RAI. More female than male patients showed response and took significantly less time to respond to RAI (p = 0.003).
Conclusion RAI response in pediatric DTC depends on pubertal status, gender, and number of malignant nodes. DRS using RTT classification may be applicable early at 1.5 years after initial therapy in different pubertal age and risk groups.
Rethinking pronunciation posttesting
Authors: Nagle Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPronunciation training studies shed light on the training paradigms and features that are most likely to promote learning and lead to optimal instructional outcomes. Yet, delayed posttesting is surprisingly rare in experimental work. As such, although several research syntheses have shown that pronunciation instruction is effective for promoting short-term gains, the long-term impact of instruction remains largely unknown. In this editorial, I address the need for delayed measures in experimental pronunciation research and make the case for rethinking the number, timing, and scope of such measures.
Because We’re Worth It
Authors: Lambert Joseph , Walker Callum 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rate-setting is a problematic area for newcomers to translation and established practitioners alike. Survey data generally support the view that translators feel underpaid and that money matters remain a chief ethical and pragmatic concern, but appropriate guidance is almost entirely absent from introductory textbooks on the translation profession and documentation prepared by industry associations remains unsatisfactory. Focusing on the translation industry in the United Kingdom, this conceptual paper explores constraints that limit price formation practices, and argues that translators feel under threat from disruptive technologies, Uberisation, and non-professional translation, now more than ever. We explore the complex interaction between status, internal and external perceptions, and regulation, and illustrate their push-pull relationship with rate-setting within a range of industry ‘educators’, uncovering the ways in which translators themselves, translation associations, and academic institutions directly and indirectly impact upon rate-setting practices. The article concludes by considering potential channels to buoy status and improve rate-setting practices in the translation industry.
Bronnikov-like wormholes in Einstein-scalar gravity
Authors: Huang Hyat , Lü H , Yang Jinbo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyse the global structure of the Bronnikov wormhole, which is the most general spherically-symmetric and static solution in Einstein gravity coupled to a free massless phantom scalar. We then introduce a scalar potential and construct a large class of exact solutions that can be viewed as generalizations of the Bronnikov wormhole. We study the global structure and classify the parameters of these new wormholes. For suitable parameters, some are regular black holes with a bouncing de Sitter spacetime inside the event horizon.
A constitutive model and its numerical implementation for reversible behavior of shape memory hydrogels
Authors: Hu Yunqiang , Jia Fei , Fu Zijian , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) are kinds of smart materials with great importance in many fields, such as drug release and soft robotics. In order to design the structures base on SMHs, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of the shape memory effect and establish the constitutive model of SMHs. However, the existing constitutive models can not describe some of important mechanical behavior of SMHs, such as reversible shape memory effects. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite deformation constitutive model is developed for SMHs with reversible shape memory effects caused by the conformation transition of N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM). In order to well capture its reversible shape memory effect, the polymer network for PNIPAM is decomposed into two parts, coil PNIPAM and globule PNIPAM, with different reference configurations. Then this model is implemented into a user material subroutine (UMAT) and is used for simulating the equilibrium swelling, isothermal uniaxial tension, reversible shape memory behavior and multiple shape memory cycles of SMHs. Our model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experiments. The deformation of a more complex 3D structure and a bilayer structure containing SMHs are also numerically studied which demonstrates great potential of our model in exploring the application of SMHs.