bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Response of Green Peach Aphid on Potato in Puerto Rico, 1984-85
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted at the Isabela Research and Development Center of the University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. The LaRouge were planted 27 Nov and the Shepody on 11 Dec. Treatments were 4 rows, 20 ft long, with 36-inch spacing between rows and 16-inch spacing within rows. Each treatment was randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. The soil systemics were applied in-furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied either weekly or biweekly. The LaRouge were sprayed 18 Jan to 18 Feb and the Shepody from 18 Jan to 4 Mar. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 105 gal/acre at 20 psi. Aphids were counted from 20 fully mature leaves per plot on 12 Feb, 25 Feb, and 6 Mar. Yields were taken from 50 plants from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticides on Potato in Puerto Rico, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 17 Dec, at the Isabela Research and Development Center of the University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station, Isabela, PR. Treatments were 2 rows 10 ft long, with 36-inch spacing between rows and 16-inch spacing within rows. Each treatment was randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Foliar sprays were applied 20 Feb, 27 Feb, and 4 Mar, using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 50 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Aphids were counted from 20 fully mature leaves per plot on 18 Feb, 25 Feb, and 6 Mar.
Tomato Fruitworm Control on Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: McLeod Paul , Eaton S. E. , Motes D. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedling tomatoes, in 2.25-inch peat cups, were transplanted 20 Apr at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Substation, Kibler. Plots consisted of a single row of 11 plants spaced at 2-ft intervals. Rows were spaced at 10-ft intervals and 4-ft alleys separated plots within the same row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 10 treatments replicated ! times. Sprays were applied 31 May, 7, 14, 21, 28 Jun, 5, 12 and 19 Jul to each side of each row with a hand-held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 62 gal/acre. Insecticide effectiveness was compared on accumulated total harvest for no. and weight of marketable fruit and no. and % iruitworm damaged fruit.
Insect Control with Larvin on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1984
Authors: Schuster David. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 5 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 26 Sep, 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 Oct, 7, 14 and 26 Nov with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 70-115 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm. S. eridania (Cramer)) and stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on 19 and 30 Nov.
&gt;Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on 4 Feb, ’85 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from 25 Mar (1st bloom) to 6 May for a total of 7 applications. They were applied with a Spirit Mfg. Inc. model 902 high-clearance sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 80 psi, and in 100 gal of water/acre. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on 10 May. The % of fruit damaged by SGSB and SAW were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The populations of both pests were lower than usual.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Oklahoma, 1985
Authors: Doss Mike , Berberet Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two evaluations were conducted to determine efficacy of insecticides against the weevil. The first of these was located on the South Central Research Station at Chickasha, OK with the cultivar ‘Arc’. Pretreatment counts made just before spraying on Mar 24 indicated an infestation level of 4.5 larvae/stem. The second evaluation was conducted on ‘Riley’ alfalf; at the Agronomy Research Station, Stillwater. Treatment date for this test was 6 Apr with pretreatment counts averaging 15 larvae/stem. Applications were made with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 20 psi. Plots were 4 × 7m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Population densities of larvae were determined from 25 stem samples taken from each plot on each posttreatment sampling date. Larvae were extracted from foliage with Berlese funnels prior to counting. Counts wert divided by 25 to give tabular values in larvae/stem.
Alfalfa Webworm Control Johnstown, CO, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to newly-seeded center-pivot irrigated alfalfa on Jun 12 ’85. Crop height was 2-6 inches and there were numerous 8 to 12-inch Kochia (Kochia scoparia) plants present and also being fed upon by the alfalfa webworm. Plots were 12 × 18 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 26 gal/acre at 30 psi through 4 nozzles (8006) mounted on a 6-ft boom.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Minnesota, 1985
Authors: Stucker David S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN, on 1st regrowth 2nd year alfalfa. Treatments were 26 × 26 ft and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied on 29 May with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 36 gal water/acre at 200 psi. Plant height at spray application was 23-26 inches. Insects were sampled 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment by taking 10 sweeps per plot with a 15-inch diam sweep net. One day posttreatment, 1.5 inch of rain fell and there was marble-sized hail resulting in broken alfalfa stems and lodging; an additional 0.5 inch of rain 3 days posttreatment.
Control of Banks Grass Mite on Corn, McIntosh, Nm, 1984
Authors: Lewis B. E. , Owens J. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block with 4 replications was utilized as the experimental design. Plots consisted of two, 38-inch by 50-foot rows of furrow irrigated corn. Adjacent plots were separated by 6 buffer rows. Treatments were applied to mature corn using a hand pulled CO2 tricycle sprayer calibrated to deliver 19 gpa at 18 psi. Seven Spray System® TX-4 nozzles were arranged on a spray boom with 1 nozzle directed over the top of the row and 3 nozzles attached to drops on either side of the row. Granular treatments were premeasured and metered over the rows by hand. Pretreatment counts and treatment applications were made 29 Aug. Mite counts consisted of all visible mites found on leaves 4 and 5 counting from the bottom green leaf of 6 randomly selected plants per plot. Banks grass mite was identified as the predominant mite at each sampling date. Adjusted percent control = 1 - [(trt postcount/trt precount) × (check precount/check postcount)] × 100 (Henderson and Tilton).
Cotton Bollworm, Tobacco Budworm and Cotton Boll Weevil Control, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L. , Macie J. L. , All J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 6 May, at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Midville, GA. Soil type was Tifton loamy sand. Randomized complete block experimental design with 6 row plots × 33 m long × 1 m row width × 5 m alleys with 4 replicates. Plants were treated with a high cycle sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 60 psi in a final volume of 50 1/ha. Sprayed 11 times beginning on 20 Jun, and continuing 18, 25 Jul, 1, 6, 13, 20, and 27 Aug, 3, 10 and 17 Sep. Twenty squares or small bolls per replicate in each treatment were examined for worm and weevil damage and the presence of live worms or weevils on 25 Jun, 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 Jul, 6, 13, 20, and 27 Aug, 3, 10, and 17 Sep.
Chemical Control of Thrips and Aphids on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 19 Apr on rows spaced 40 inches apart. Caparol was applied premergent at 2.4 lb (AI)/acre on 19 Apr. Plots were arranged in a randomized block design with treatments replicated 4 times. Plots were 8 rows wide and 40 ft long. Blocks were separated by 15 ft of untreated cotton. The study was bordered in front and back by a 25 ft buffer of untreated cotton. Foliar treatments were applied to the inner 4 rows of designated plots. A backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal of solution per acre through two HC-4 nozzles per row at 36 psi and 3 mph was used to apply foliar insecticide treatments. Temik treatments were applied to all 8 rows of designated plots. A 2-row Gandy applicator was used to apply Temik treatments at planting. Foliar treatments were applied 1 and 8 May. Density of thrips and aphids were determined 30 Apr, 7 and 13 May. Density levels were assessed by counting thrips (adults and nymphs) and aphids on 15 randomly selected plants per plot. This was accomplished by emersing plants one at a time in a jar containing 75 percent ethyl alcohol. Thrips were easily dislodged but agitation was required to remove aphids. Number of thrips (adults and nymphs) and aphids were determined by counting them under a microscope. Phytotoxicity of the tested insecticides was assessed by counting plant population density in two 13.1-row-foot sections per plot. Thrips damage ratings were made by averaging ratings of 10 plants per plot (5 plants from each 13.1-row-foot section). Plants rated were selected using a random number table. Plants were rated on a scale of 1 (no visible thrips damage) to 7 (terminal destroyed). Damage ratings were made 13 May. Soil samples to determine nematode density were taken 5 Jun. Four subsamples per plot were mixed together and one sample taken from this mixture. Samples were submitted to the Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at College Station, Texas on the Texas A&M University campus for nematode density dertermination. Cotton fruiting rates were assessed by taking square, bloom, and boll counts. The number of squares per 10 plants was counted and recorded for each plot, 5 Jun, about 1 wk into the squaring period. A count of blooms and bolls was made on two 13.1-row-foot sections per plot 27 Jun, 9 days after first bloom. Yield data was gathered from stratified harvest of two 13.1-row-foot sections per plot. All plots were treated with Cygon on 28 May and 4 Jun for control of cotton fleahopper. Cythion RTU was applied 7 and 13 Jun, and 2 Jul for control of boll weevil. Ammo was applied for control of Heliothis spp. 1 and 10 Jul.
Control of Heliothis Spp. Larvae on Cotton with Insecticide Combinations, 1984
Authors: Gary Debra , Lorenz Gus , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted on the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS and the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch rows) by 50 ft with 2 buffer rows between plots at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm and 4 buffer rows at the Delta Branch Experiment Station. Treatments were applied at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm on 25 Jul, 1, 14 and 19 Aug. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil control with Guthion 2L (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 Aug 12, 20, 28 Sep, and 3 Oct. Plots were evaluated on 30 Jul and 16 Aug by making 5-ft whole plant counts in each plot. Yield data were collected by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 21 Nov.
Control of Heliothis Spp. Larvae on Cotton with Pyrethroids and Ovicides, 1984
Authors: Gary Debra , Lorenz Gus , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS and the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch rows) by 50 ft with 2 buffer rows between plots at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm and 4 buffer rows at the Delta Branch Experiment Station. Insecticides were applied at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.1 gal/acre total volume at 30 psi through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Treatments were applied on 26 Jul, 2, 14 and 20 Aug. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil control with Guthion 2L (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 31 Aug, 12, 20, 28 Sep and 3 Oct. Plots were evaluated on 1, 16 and 24 Aug by making 5-ft whole plant counts in each plot. Yield data were collected by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 21 Nov. Plots were sprayed at the Delta Branch on 19 Jul and 17 Aug. Heliothis spp. pressure was low throughout the season. However, plant bugs and spider mites were heavy throughout the season.Whole plant counts were made 24 Jul in each plot. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 20 Aug by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot. Yield data were collected by mechanically harvesting one of the center rows on 5 Oct.
Chemical Control of Heliothis Spp. Larave in Cotton, 1985
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides for Heliothis spp. control on cotton was conducted at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted 23 Apr in 40-inch rows. Six treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were nine rows × 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at a rate of 9.3 gal spray/acre (3.4 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet™ TX6 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were made for Heliothis spp. control on 2, 6, 19, and 23 Aug. Plots were sprayed with Guthion as needed for weevil control. Terminal damage and numbers oflarvae were estimated by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals from the middle 3 rows of each plot on 5, 9, 22 and 27 Aug. Yield data were taken by mechanically picking 2 of the 3 middle rows of each plot.
Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton with Microbial Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Lorenz Gus , Gary Debra , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full season study was conducted at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 825’ on 7 Jun. All treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows (38-inch rows) by 50 ft with 2 buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied with a boom-type sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.1 gal/acre total volume at 30 psi through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Treatments were initiated 2 Aug but were discontinued due to rain 4 Aug and were not started again until 14 Aug at which time they were applied at the intervals shown in the data table until 20 Aug. All plots were sprayed for boll weevil suppression on 30 Aug, 12, 20, and 28 Sep and 3 Oct with Guthion 2L (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Insect populations and plant damage were monitored on 1, 16, and 24 Aug by making 5-ft whole plant counts in each plot. Yield data were taken 21 Nov by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot.
Weekly Spray Schedule Starting Date Study, 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Bell M. , Reed J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block study with 5 replicates was conducted at 2 locations: the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS, and the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch) centers by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. Applications were by spray tractor with 2 Teejet, TX4 nozzles per row, calibrated for a total volume of 6.5 gal/acre. Thrips were sampled on 24 and 29 May (Delta Location), and 7 Jun (MSU location) by shaking plants over a cigar box. Other data were collected by whole plant search of all plants in 5 row ft in 1 of the center 2 rows of each plot. Maintenance plots received treatments on an “as needed” basis per plot. Treatments were Cymbush 3E at 0.06 lb (AI)/acre and differed in application starting date and no. of applications. Except where noted, all previously applied treatments were repeated on each subsequent treatment date. Yield data were obtained by mechanical harvesting of center rows (1 row, Delta location, 19 Sep; 2 rows, MSU location, 17 Oct).
Evaluation of Multiple Early-Season Applications of Selected Insecticides on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Hopkins S. W. , Davidson T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Tivoli, TX. Six treatments and an untreated were compared in 32-row by 1500-ft plots of cotton planted 7 Apr on 38 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied beginning at the third-true-leaf stage on 10, 27 May, 3 and 7 Jun (Fundal at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre was applied only on 10 and 27 May). No applications were made during the interval 11 to 26 May because of heavy rainfall. All applications were made with a high-clearance John Deere spray machine calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal total spray/acre through 6X hollow-cone nozzles at 35 psi. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated by inspecting: (1) the terminals of 30 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of fleahoppers and (2) the terminal leaves (third leaf from the apex) of 30 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of aphids. Seed cotton was hand-harvested twice from designated 6.8-ft sections of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Early Season Insect Pests on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Boykin R. , Fleetwood S. C , Kennedy J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center. Four treatments and an untreated were compared in 4-row by 50-ft plots of cotton planted 28 Mar on 38 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied beginning at the pinhead square stage on 9, 16, 23 and 29 May. Applications were made with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 4 gal total spray/acre through 3X hollow-cone nozzles at 40 psi. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated by inspecting: (1) the terminal-of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of fleahopper nymphs and (2) the terminal leaves (third leaf from the apex) of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of aphids. Seed cotton was hand-harvested twice from a 6.8-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Grasshopper Control in Non-Crop Vegetation, 1985
Authors: Foster David E. , Wintersteen Wendy K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides commonly used to control grasshoppers in non-crop ireas were evaluated at the Northwest Iowa Research Center, 1 mile northeast of Sutherland, O‘Brien Co., IA. Plots were established on non-crop and dominated by timothy Phleum pratense L. and clipped to a height of 6-8 inches. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots measured 80 × 100 ft. Treatments were applied on 2 Aug using CO2 pressurized 10 ft boom sprayer equipped with Tee Jet 804 LP flat fan nozzles on 20-inch centers, and mounted on a Honda 110 ATV. Finished spray for all treatments was applied at 10 -;al/acre under a pressure of 13 psi. Weather conditions at the time of application were clear with temperatures ranging from 58°-83°F, RH of 18%, and an intermittent breeze from the southwest at 0-6 mph. Rainfall by dates during the test period were: 8 Aug–0.33, 12 Aug–1.82, and 13 Aug–0.27 inches. Grasshopper numbers were sampled by making 180° horizontal sweeps using a standard sweep net with a 15-inch hoop. Twenty sweeps were taken from along the longitudinal axis near the center of each plot.
Control of Soybean Loopers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1985
Authors: Spurgeon D. W. , Mark T. P. , Backman C. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on soybeans planted at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Eleven treatments and an untreated were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 4 rows wide (40-inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Plots were separated by a 2-row mowed alley, and replicates were separated by a 10-ft mowed alley. Treatments were applied on 4 Sep, at soybean growth stage R5, with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with 3 TX-3 hollow cone nozzles per row. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi, delivering 8.9 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants of both rows. Soybean looper larvae were counted and recorded as small (&lt;0.2 inch) medium (0.2 to 0.5 inch), and large (&gt;.5 inch). Three samples from the middle 2 rows of each plot were taken at 1 day pretreatment and 2, 5, and 12 days posttreatment.
Apple Insect Control, Yakima, Wa 1982
Authors: Howell J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees using a handgun with a pump pressure of 500 psi. All trees were sprayed to run-off, or an equivalent of ca 400 gal/acre. Single-tree plots were arranged in randomized block design and replicated 5 times. There were 3 applications, 3 Jun, 1 Jul, and on 2 Aug. The trees were irrigated via a drip system. Codling moth and San Jose Scale control was determined by examining 50 fruit/tree at harvest. Leafhopper populations were estimated 5 Jul by counting adults migrating from a branch hit with a piece of garden hose.
Soil Systemics for Sunflower Insect Control, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Person Howard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted the end of May near Breckenridge, MN. Excess populations were established and thinned to 20,000 plants per acre. Individual plot size was 3 rows × 35 ft. The treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. All soil insecticides were applied as laybys when plants were in the 2 to 4 true leaf stage. A set of samples (planting time treatment) were taken from an adjacent range for comparison and treated as if also randomly arranged. Stand counts at early bloom, weevil tunnels in 2 cross sections per stem, stem breakage and yield were collected. Soil moisture was much reduced during seed fill. The 1 lb rate of each insecticide is equal to 6 oz 15G per 1000 row ft.
Effect of Neem (Azadiractha indica a. Juss.) Seed Extract on Whitefly Oviposition, Maryland, 1985
Authors: Larew H. G. , Knodel J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On April 22, 30 3-wk-old plants that had been grown in square pots (10 × 10 cm at top) in 50% Perlite&#x99; 50% Promix BX were chosen randomly for testing. Fifteen plants were each sprayed to runoff with 30 ml of water, 0.2% or 0.4% neem seed extract. The other fifteen were each drenched to drain-through with 150 ml of water, 0.2% or 0.4% neem seed extract. There were 5 plants per treatment. The neem solutions were prepared by diluting neem seed extract concentrate (sample A13-42845 (AN 4:57); Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705) on a weight/volume basis with water to the desired percent concentration.