bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrolein, an endogenous aldehyde induces synaptic dysfunction in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of RhoA/ROCK2 pathway
Authors: Zhu Zeyu , Lu Junfeng , Wang Shuyi , Peng Weijia , Yang Yang , Chen Chen , Zhou Xin , Yang Xifei , Xin Wenjun , Chen Xinyi , Pi Jiakai , Yin Wei , Yao Lin , Pi Rongbiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde, is increased in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and identified as a potential inducer of sporadic AD. Synaptic dysfunction, as a typical pathological change occurring in the early stage of AD, is most closely associated with the severity of dementia. However, there remains a lack of clarity on the mechanisms of acrolein inducing AD‐like pathology and synaptic impairment. In this study, acrolein‐treated primary cultured neurons and mice were applied to investigate the effects of acrolein on cognitive impairment and synaptic dysfunction and their signaling mechanisms. In vitro, ROCK inhibitors, Fasudil, and Y27632, could attenuate the axon ruptures and synaptic impairment caused by acrolein. Meanwhile, RNA‐seq distinct differentially expressed genes in acrolein models and initially linked activated RhoA/Rho‐kinase2 (ROCK2) to acrolein‐induced synaptic dysfunction, which could regulate neuronal cytoskeleton and neurite. The Morris water maze test and in vivo field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) were performed to evaluate spatial memory and long‐term potential (LTP), respectively. Acrolein induced cognitive impairment and attenuated LTP. Furthermore, the protein level of Synapsin 1 and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and dendritic spines density were also decreased in acrolein‐exposed mice. These changes were improved by ROCK2 inhibitor Fasudil or in ROCK2+/− mice. Together, our findings suggest that RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in acrolein‐induced synaptic damage and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting inhibition of ROCK2 should benefit to the early AD.
Acute nicotine treatment enhances compulsive‐like remifentanil self‐administration that persists despite contextual punishment
Authors: Honeycutt Sarah C. , Paladino Morgan S. , Camadine Rece D. , Mukherjee Ashmita , Loney Gregory C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid‐related deaths remain a significant public health crisis having reached epidemic status globally. OUDs are defined as chronic, relapsing conditions often characterized by compulsive drug seeking despite the deleterious consequences of drug taking. The use of nicotine‐containing products has been linked to increased likelihood of prescription opioid misuse, and there exists a significant comorbidity between habitual nicotine use and opioid dependence. In rodent models, nicotine administration nearly doubles the amount of opioids taken in intravenous self‐administration paradigms. Here, we examined the effect of acute systemic nicotine administration in male rats on responding for the synthetic opioid remifentanil (RMF) in a contextual punishment paradigm using either an exteroceptive punisher (foot‐shock) or an interoceptive punisher (histamine). Nicotine administration, relative to saline, increased RMF intake in both unpunished and punished contexts, regardless of form of punishment, and resulted in significantly higher motivation to obtain RMF in the previously punished context, as measured by progressive ratio breakpoint. Additionally, regardless of context, nicotine‐treated rats were slower to extinguish RMF responding following drug removal and displayed higher levels of cue‐induced reinstatement than saline‐treated controls. Furthermore, these data support that, compared with histamine adulteration, contingent foot‐shock is a more potent form of punishment, as histamine punishment failed to support contextual discrimination between the unpunished and punished contexts. In contrast to RMF administration, augmentation of responding for an audiovisual cue by nicotine pretreatment was lost following contextual punishment. In conclusion, acute nicotine administration in adult male rats significantly enhances compulsive‐like responding for RMF that persists despite contingent punishment of drug‐directed responding.
Changes in predicted opioid overdose risk over time in a state Medicaid program: a group‐based trajectory modeling analysis
Authors: Guo Jingchuan , Gellad Walid F. , Yang Qingnan , Weiss Jeremy C. , Donohue Julie M. , Cochran Gerald , Gordon Adam J. , Malone Daniel C. , Kwoh C. Kent , Kuza Courtney C. , Wilson Debbie L. , Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe time lag encountered when accessing health‐care data is one major barrier to implementing opioid overdose prediction measures in practice. Little is known regarding how one's opioid overdose risk changes over time. We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of individual predicted overdose risks among Medicaid beneficiaries after initiation of opioid prescriptions.Design, Setting and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study in Pennsylvania, USA among Pennsylvania Medicaid beneficiaries aged 18–64 years who initiated opioid prescriptions between July 2017 and September 2018 (318 585 eligible beneficiaries (mean age = 39 ± 12 years, female = 65.7%, White = 62.2% and Black = 24.9%).MeasurementsWe first applied a previously developed and validated machine‐learning algorithm to obtain risk scores for opioid overdose emergency room or hospital visits in 3‐month intervals for each beneficiary who initiated opioid therapy, until disenrollment from Medicaid, death or the end of observation (December 2018). We performed group‐based trajectory modeling to identify trajectories of these predicted overdose risk scores over time.FindingsAmong eligible beneficiaries, 0.61% had one or more occurrences of opioid overdose in a median follow‐up of 15 months. We identified five unique opioid overdose risk trajectories: three trajectories (accounting for 92% of the cohort) had consistent overdose risk over time, including consistent low‐risk (63%), consistent medium‐risk (25%) and consistent high‐risk (4%) groups; another two trajectories (accounting for 8%) had overdose risks that substantially changed over time, including a group that transitioned from high‐ to medium‐risk (3%) and another group that increased from medium‐ to high‐risk over time (5%).ConclusionsMore than 90% of Medicaid beneficiaries in Pennsylvania USA with one or more opioid prescriptions had consistent, predicted opioid overdose risks over 15 months. Applying opioid prediction algorithms developed from historical data may not be a major barrier to implementation in practice for the large majority of individuals.
The relationship between alcohol outlets and crime is not an artefact of retail geography
Authors: Cameron Michael P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn previous research, the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets has been shown to be related to the spatial distribution of crime. However, the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets is also related to the spatial distribution of other retail (and non‐retail) activities. We measured whether a residual relationship between alcohol outlets and crime remains statistically significant after controlling for retail density.Design and settingA cross‐sectional analysis of area unit data for Hamilton, New Zealand.MeasurementsWe constructed index measures of retail density using principal component analysis, based on counts of retail outlets (non‐alcohol outlets alone and all outlets in total). We estimated the relationship between outlets and police calls‐for‐service using negative binomial regression, controlling for social deprivation, population and demographics. In our primary analysis, we employed a two‐stage process that first accounted for the correlation between calls‐for‐service and retail density in a negative binomial regression model, then tested for correlation between alcohol outlet counts and the first‐stage residuals.FindingsThe spatial distributions of retail outlets of all types were highly correlated with each other, and all types of retail outlets (alcohol and non‐alcohol) were correlated with crime, after controlling for social deprivation, population and demographics. After controlling for index measures of retail density and other controls, statistically significant semipartial correlations remained with counts of alcohol outlets of all types. For example, in our preferred specification, which controlled for non‐alcohol retail density in the first stage, an additional off‐licence alcohol outlet was associated with 97.34 (95% confidence interval = 36.66–158.0) additional police calls‐for service.ConclusionsThere is a positive relationship between the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets and the spatial distribution of crime that appears to persist even after controlling for non‐alcohol retail density. The relationship between alcohol outlets and crime is not simply an artefact of retail geography.
Modeling the cost‐effectiveness and impact on fatal overdose and initiation of buprenorphine–naloxone treatment at syringe service programs
Authors: Adams Joëlla W. , Savinkina Alexandra , Fox Aaron , Behrends Czarina N. , Madushani Rajapaksha W. M. A. , Wang Jianing , Chatterjee Avik , Walley Alexander Y. , Barocas Joshua A. , Linas Benjamin P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo estimate the number of treatment initiations, averted fatal opioid overdoses and the cost‐effectiveness associated with offering buprenorphine–naloxone (buprenorphine) treatment on‐site within existing syringe service programs (SSPs) in Massachusetts, USA.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThis was a cohort‐based mathematical model and cost‐effectiveness analysis. We derived model inputs from state and national surveillance data, clinical trials and observational cohort studies. We compared an intervention scenario where 30% of SSP clients initiated buprenorphine treatment on‐site at least once annually to a status quo scenario where no buprenorphine was available on‐site among community treatment providers in Massachusetts, 2020–30. In individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) we assumed that 80% of SSP clients had recently injected drugs and that treatment within SSPs would have similar or improved retention compared with standard‐of‐care buprenorphine programs, but higher rates of active opioid use while in treatment.MeasurementsNumber of treatment initiations (i.e. individuals began treatment on a medication for opioid use disorder or entered medically managed withdrawal), averted fatal opioid overdoses, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) and life‐time discounted costs from a health sector and a limited societal perspective.FindingsThe status quo scenario resulted in 23 051 fatal overdoses and 1 511 613 treatment initiations over a 10‐year simulation period. An intervention scenario with on‐site SSP buprenorphine treatment averted 4797 (−20.8%) fatal opioid overdoses and resulted in 129 359 (+8.6%) additional treatment initiations compared with the status quo. The intervention scenario was the dominating scenario: providing OUD treatment through Massachusetts SSPs cost less (−$3612 per person) with patients accumulating more QALYs (0.2 per person) compared with the status quo scenario.ConclusionsOffering buprenorphine treatment on‐site within syringe service programs has the potential to decrease fatal overdoses substantially, improve treatment engagement and save on costs.
Predictors of protein intake among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California
Authors: Bolshakova Maria , Kral Alex H. , Wenger Lynn D. , Simpson Kelsey , Goldshear Jesse , Sussman Steve , Bluthenthal Ricky N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhile inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system and lead to negative health sequelae for vulnerable populations, little is known about nutritional intake among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to quantify nutritional intake among PWID and to explore associations between protein intake and drug use.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used to analyze self‐reported participant data. PWID were recruited from community settings in California in 2016/2017. Participants reported on food consumption per day for a 30‐day period, from which a continuous protein intake variable was created.ResultsModal characteristics of participants (N = 937) were: white (42.5%), male (75.3%), healthy body mass index (BMI) (56.6%), and unhoused (82.9%). Less than 1% of participants met or exceeded recommended guidelines for protein intake (0.80 g/day/1 kg body weight). The final multiple regression model found protein intake to be significantly positively associated with older age, high school or greater education, frequency of opiate and marijuana use, while Latinx ethnicity was inversely associated with protein intake, adjusting for gender.Discussion and ConclusionsOur study shows PWID are generally not underweight, yet they are grossly protein deficient, which can be harder to recognize. Poverty, homelessness, and other structural barriers likely contribute to this issue, which demonstrates the need for communities to provide more access to nutrient‐rich food to PWID.Scientific SignificanceOur study demonstrates the novel findings that opiate and marijuana use frequency, but not stimulants (methamphetamine and cocaine) may increase preference for protein‐rich foods among PWID.
Unintended environmental consequences of place‐based economic policies
Authors: Fan Maoyong , Tang Qu , Wu Jianxin , Xiao Junji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the environmental consequences of two regional economic development (RED) policies that aimed to develop the economy of the relatively underdeveloped upper Pearl River (UPR) regions in Guangdong Province, China. Applying the triple‐difference analysis to annual county‐industry‐level data, we find that the two RED policies caused higher growth in industries with high water pollution than in industries with less water pollution in the UPR regions. The second RED policy with environmental regulations was effective in restraining the new entry of firms in high‐pollution industries into the UPR regions but failed to drive existing high‐pollution firms out of the UPR regions. Firms' location decisions were driven by the more favorable tax regimes and less stringent pollution regulations in the UPR regions.
Quality of life metrics in LVAD patients after hemocompatibility‐related adverse events
Authors: Weber Matthew P. , Stulak John , Maltais Simon , Pagani Francis D. , Cowger Jennifer , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemocompatibility‐related adverse events (HRAE) negatively influence survival. However, no study has examined the impact of these events on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and functional outcomes following continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device implantation (CF‐LVAD). We assessed the impact of HRAE events on HRQOL and hypothesized that HRAE's adversely impact HRQOL and functional outcomes.MethodsINTERMACS database identified patients undergoing primary CF‐LVAD implantation from 2008 to 2017. HRAEs included stroke, non‐surgical bleeding, hemolysis, and pump thrombosis and were identified as defined in the literature. HRAEs were further stratified as Tier 1–2 and disabling stroke events. Time‐series analysis was executed for HRAE patients with values pre‐HRAE, post‐HRAE, and closest to 12 months follow up. Local polynomial regression curves modeling individual patients were superimposed into “spaghetti” plots.ResultsAll HRQOL and functional metrics improved in patients over time, despite HRAE complications. However, these patient metrics were significantly reduced compared to the non‐HRAE cohort. Advanced data visualization techniques noted a decline after experiencing an HRAE with a subsequent recovery to baseline levels or higher. Six‐minute walk test (6MWT) was noted to be most affected in the post‐HRAE period but recovered similar to other metrics.ConclusionsThe burden of HRAE following CF‐LVAD implantation did not negatively impact the quality of life. However, the 6MWT did not increase in the post‐HRAE period in all HRAE patients. Improvement of heart failure symptoms after CF‐LVAD coupled with optimal management following the HRAE act to preserve the enhanced quality of life.
Letter: immunogenicity is not the root cause for loss of response to anti‐TNF agents in patients with IBD in TDM era
Authors: Alsoud Dahham , Verstockt Bram , Vermeire Séverine 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Colman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16733
Letter: risk of inflammatory bowel disease is related to alcohol consumption as well as ACEIs and ARBs
Authors: Yin Jian‐Quan , Wang Bin‐Qiao , Chen Zhi‐Bo , He Hai‐Dong , Huang Si‐Si , Wang Wei‐Kan , Wu Jie , Fu Yang‐Hua , Wang Yong‐Lin 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Casey et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16731 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16842
Editorial: opposite effects of genetic polymorphisms known to induce NAFLD on hepatic and cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Nan , Fan Jian‐Gao 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Xia et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16772 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16845
Scientific analysis and research on the Warring States bronze mirrors unearthed from Changsha Chu cemetery, Hunan province, China
Authors: Luo Zhe , Fan An Chuan , Jin Zheng Yao , Liu Liang , Li Yuan , Fan Zhao Yuan , Wu Xiao Yan , Yang Min , Huang Fang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChangsha is one of the densest areas where Warring States bronze mirrors have been unearthed in mainland China. This article first conducts a systematic scientific analysis and research on the Warring States bronze mirrors unearthed from Changsha Chu cemetery. The chemical composition analysis data of 23 bronze mirrors show that most of the bronze mirrors are Cu‐Sn‐Pb ternary alloy, and the bronze mirrors containing metal bodies are mainly high Sn Sn‐Pb bronze. The metallographic microstructures of four bronze mirrors are all high Sn Sn‐Pb bronze casting structures. The results of Pb isotope ratio analysis show that the Pb isotope data of all bronze mirrors conform to the characteristics of common Pb, and their distribution can be divided into three groups. Most of the Pb materials used in bronze mirrors probably come from local mines in Hunan. This fully reveals the importance of Hunan's local metal resources in the production activities of Changsha Chu mirrors. Combining the results of Pb isotope research and related archaeological data, Changsha should be one of the most developed regions in the mirror casting industry of the Chu State during the Warring States period, and it plays a significant role in the bronze production system and metal resource circulation network of the Chu State.
Individual values and career choice: Does cultural context condition the relationship?
Authors: Ayob Abu H , Abd Hamid Hamizah , Sidek Farhana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how the individual values of self‐direction, power, and benevolence predict career decisions (self‐ or paid employment). By observing heterogeneity in career patterns across countries, this research examines the moderating effect of cultural contexts (gender egalitarianism, performance orientation, and collectivism) on this relationship. Blending the theory of human values (THVs) and institutional theory (IT), we test hypotheses using the World Values Survey (WVS) Wave 6 data and GLOBE cultural dimensions from 21,286 individuals in 26 countries. The findings show that only self‐direction value increases the likelihood of being self‐employed. However, the post‐hoc analysis offers more insightful findings: the decision towards innovative entrepreneurship instead of routine self‐employment is explained by all values of self‐direction, power, and benevolence, together with individualistic culture. Overall, this study finds that the influence of individual values is greater than cultural context on career choice and it differs between self‐ versus paid employment and innovative entrepreneurship versus routine self‐employment.
Roughness of the renal tumor surface could predict the surgical difficulty of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Ito Hiroki , Muraoka Kentaro , Ito Yusuke , Hasumi Hisashi , Hayashi Narihiko , Kondo Keiichi , Nakaigawa Noboru , Makiyama Kazuhide 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPreoperative prediction of surgical difficulty of partial nephrectomy (PN) is essential to minimize the perioperative complications and to achieve a good surgical outcome. Recently, various scoring systems have been used to evaluate the difficulty of PN including R.E.N.A.L (Radius, Exophytic/Endophytic, Nearness, Anterior/Posterior, Location) nephrometry score. There were no scoring systems evaluating the roughness of the renal tumor surface and we hypothesized that the roughness of the renal tumor surface might affect the surgical difficulty of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of roughness of the renal tumor surface on the surgical outcome of RAPN.MethodsOverall, 161 patients underwent RAPN performed by the same surgeon between May 2016 and April 2019. We divided those tumors into two groups, like “roughness positive (tumor with roughness of tumor surface)” and “roughness negative (tumor without roughness of tumor surface)” according to the roughness of the endophytic region on preoperative computed tomography images. Clinical and pathological outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsEighty‐five and 78 tumors were identified roughness negative and positive, respectively. Cases with roughness positive showed a significantly longer operative time, console time, and ischemia time and had greater blood loss than those with roughness negative. Significant and independent predictors of ischemia time and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease were roughness of tumor surface, tumor size (not for eGFR decrease), and N score of the R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score.ConclusionRoughness of renal tumor surface was significantly and positively associated with ischemia time and the eGFR decrease rate.