bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemicals of mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves tuned the nickel‐cobalt bimetallic oxide properties for enzyme‐free sensing of glucose
Authors: Solangi Abdul Ghaffar , Pirzada Tajness , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Halepoto Imran Ali , Chang Abdul Sattar , Solangi Zulifqar Ali , Solangi Muhammad Yameen , Aftab Umair , Tonezzer Matteo , Tahira Aneela , Nafady Ayman , Medany Shymaa S. , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of enzyme‐free glucose sensors is highly demanded for the biological, clinical, and food applications. In this study, we have developed a green method for tuning the surface properties of nickel‐cobalt bimetallic oxide (NiCo2O4) by adding mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves extract during hydrothermal growth. The mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves extract is rich with a variety of phytochemicals, which can easily tune the surface properties of NiCo2O4 nanostructures, thereby paving the way toward the development of sensitive and selective non‐enzymatic glucose sensors. The effect of various amounts of mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves extract (0–20 ml) was also studied to find out the optimal conditions for growing surface‐modified NiCo2O4 nanostructures. The morphology and crystalline structure of the nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. The presence of an increasing quantity of mustard (Brassica Campestris) extract keeps the crystalline structure and the morphology of the NiCo2O4 nanostructures unaltered but changes their dimensions. All nanostructures show the same cubic spinel structure of NiCo2O4 and a morphology of spherical urchins composed of nanorods, but the diameter of the urchins decreases from ~10 μm to several nanometers, thus increasing the surface area of the nanomaterial. Furthermore, NiCo2O4 nanostructures were deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes (CGE), showing excellent catalytic properties toward the enzyme‐free detection of glucose using cyclic voltammetry. Importantly, the intensity of the oxidation current peak was linear over a wide range of glucose concentrations (from 0.1 to 10 mM) and the limit of detection (LOD) was estimated around 0.001 mM. Additionally, NiCo2O4 nanostructures grown in the presence of 20 ml of mustard leaf extract demonstrated good repeatability and excellent selectivity for glucose, without interference by other components such as urea, lactic acid, uric acid, ascorbic acid, as well as potassium and sodium ions. The combined results attest that mustard leaf extract has high potential as a green approach to improve the electrochemical properties of nanostructured materials, and could be useful for a wide range of materials for future electrochemical applications.
Comparative embryogenesis in ungulate domesticated species
Authors: Schlindwein Xenia , Werneburg Ingmar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe compared embryogenesis of five species of domesticated even‐toed and one odd‐toed ungulate and used a phylogenetic framework to contextualize such comparison. Organ systems that occur relatively earlier in embryogenesis generally have more time to develop and therefore are found to be more mature at birth when compared to structures that appear later in development. We hypothesized that the less mature the animals' organs are at birth, the more they are susceptible to artificial selection. The horse had the most mature organs at birth, followed by cattle, reindeer, sheep/goat, and pig. This pattern of maturity could be observed almost during the entire development. Heterochronic shifts among species were observed only after fur starts to develop. Changes in the fur coloration are one of the first observable signs of domestication and the heterochrony of this trait may be related to the effects on neural crest‐derived pigment cells by artificial selection. The six ungulate species also differ in the relative duration of their weaning period and the potential extent of its artificial shortening. We put all these traits in the context of their inherited evolutionary characteristics and artificial domestication process. Related to their altriciality, carnivoran domesticates, which also belong to Scrotifera, are less mature at birth than all domesticated ungulates. Although we detected clear character correlations to life history traits, it is impossible based on the present data, to trace specific exaptations to the domestication process. We hypothesize a deep time developmental penetration of adult characters into embryogenesis.
Newborn screening for Pompe disease: Parental experiences and follow‐up care for a late‐onset diagnosis
Authors: Prakash Supraja , Penn Jeremy D. , Jackson Kelly E. , Dean Lori Williamson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) for Pompe disease (PD) was added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) in the United States in 2015 because there was compelling evidence of health benefits for early diagnosis of Infantile‐onset Pompe disease (IOPD). However, one limitation of NBS for PD is its inability to distinguish IOPD and late onset forms of Pompe disease (LOPD). Management of LOPD is challenging because of uncertainty around progression of LOPD and determining the appropriate time for treatment initiation. The aims of this study were to understand the impact of LOPD identified through NBS, by exploring the differences in attitudes, emotions and opinions among parents and identify their needs for follow‐up care. Study participants were recruited from states that included PD on their NBS panel. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of nine children who were diagnosed with LOPD after an abnormal NBS result. Predominantly, parents reported a lack of adequate information, guidance, and psychosocial support from the very beginning and through the course of their diagnosis. This caused uncertainty, anxiety, frustration, and fear of the unknown. Parents live in a ‘worry or not to worry’ phase, balancing between coping methods to avoid over medicalization of their child, but also preparing concrete follow‐up plans to be on the lookout for any signs of PD‐related symptoms. Understanding parents' experiences allows genetic counselors and NBS programs to proactively design care plan for parents during this difficult period.
Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration
Authors: Li Yutao , Chen Mengqi , Chang Wakam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLeukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
Paleobiological inferences on middle Eocene native ungulates from South America: Functional morphological analysis of Notostylops and Notopithecus
Authors: Vera Bárbara , Medina‐González Paul , Moreno Karen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEocene early‐diverging representatives of South American extinct notungulates are traditionally considered to have been “generalists” and “non‐specialized” in terms of the appendicular skeleton and locomotor behavior, as is the case with the notostylopid Notostylops, a middle Eocene iconic taxon from Patagonia (Argentina). However, they are mainly known from dental remains, and associated cranial and postcranial elements are scarce. The discovery of a nearly complete specimen attributed to N. murinus allows us to: (1) increase the knowledge of the anatomy of its appendicular skeleton; (2) identify isolated bones from several collections and suggest different taxonomic interpretations for published specimens; (3) perform a biomechanical and functional study using functional morphological analysis to infer its paleoecological attributes (e.g. posture, locomotor habit, estimated speed, and body mass); and (4) establish morphofunctional comparisons, based on possible functional ranges, with other extinct early‐diverging notoungulates from the middle Eocene, such as the Notopithecid Notopithecus. Our evidence suggests that Notostylops was a medium‐sized mammal (8.5−20 kg), which could achieve a dynamic digitigrade posture that allowed a scansorial secondary locomotor habit and a speed of up to 50 km/h. However, Notopithecus was a small‐sized mammal (0.6−1.4 kg) with a plantigrade posture both in a static and dynamic context, terrestrial habits, and a speed of up to 35 km/h. Therefore, we conclude that these Eocene notoungulates show different locomotor capabilities, which can be associated with early niche diversifications, clearly contrasting with the “all‐generalists” paradigmatic view.
Combination therapy with remdesivir and immunomodulators improves respiratory status in COVID‐19: A retrospective study
Authors: Kojima Yuichi , Nakakubo Sho , Kamada Keisuke , Yamashita Yu , Takei Nozomu , Nakamura Junichi , Matsumoto Munehiro , Horii Hiroshi , Sato Kazuki , Shima Hideki , Suzuki Masaru , Konno Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmunomodulators (tocilizumab/baricitinib) improve outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients, but the synergistic effect of remdesivir is unknown. The effect of combination therapy with remdesivir, immunomodulators, and standard treatment in COVID‐19 patients was investigated. This retrospective, single‐center study included COVID‐19 patients who were treated with tocilizumab or baricitinib. The severity of respiratory status in the two groups on Days 14 and 28 and the duration to respiratory recovery in both groups were compared, and the effect of remdesivir use on respiratory status was examined in a multivariate analysis. Ninety‐eight patients received tocilizumab or baricitinib; among them, 72 used remdesivir (remdesivir group) and 26 did not (control group). The remdesivir group achieved faster respiratory recovery than the control group (median 11 vs. 21 days, p = 0.033), faster weaning from supplemental oxygen (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–5.66, p = 0.021). Age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and time from onset to oxygen administration were independent prognostic factors. The remdesivir group achieved better severity level at Days 14 and 28 (p = 0.033 and 0.003, respectively) and greater improvement from baseline severity (p = 0.047 and 0.018, respectively). Remdesivir combination therapy did not prolong survival (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.04–2.16, p = 0.23). Among severely ill COVID‐19 patients who received immunomodulator, remdesivir contributed to a shorter respiratory recovery time and better respiratory status at Days 14 and 28. Concomitant remdesivir with immunomodulators and standard treatment may provide additional benefit in improving respiratory status of COVID‐19 patients.
Neoadjuvant rectal score is prognostic for survival: A population‐based propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Naffouje Samer A. , Manguso Nicholas , Imanirad Iman , Sahin Ibrahim H. , Xie Hao , Hoffe Sarah , Frakes Jessica , Sanchez Julian , Dessureault Sophie , Felder Seth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score may serve as a surrogate short‐term endpoint for overall survival (OS) in clinical trials. This study aims to test the NAR score using a large, national cancer registry.MethodsNational Cancer Database patients with clinical stage II/III rectal adenocarcinoma (RAC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgery were selected and divided into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐NAR subgroups. OS outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 12 452 patients were selected, of which 5071 (40.7%) were in clinical stage II and 7381 (59.3%) were in clinical stage III; 15.2% had pathologic complete response. The mean NAR score was 10.01 ± 10.61. Six thousand nine hundred and forty‐one (55.7%) did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and were propensity‐matched across NAR subgroups (966 in each group). A significant difference in 5‐year OS between low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐NAR groups was observed (85% vs. 76% vs. 68%; p < 0.001). Five thousand five hundred and eleven (44.3%) received AC and 1045 triplets were propensity‐matched per NAR groups. A significant difference was again observed for 5‐year OS (93% vs. 88% vs. 75%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression confirmed NAR strata as a significant predictor of 5‐year OS.ConclusionNAR score, as a neoadjuvant response measure, is a strong predictor of 5‐year OS, regardless of AC receipt in a heterogenous population of locally advanced RAC patients.
Spatially optimized cropland distribution promotes sustainable farming and vegetation restoration in mountainous regions
Authors: Zong Renjie , Zeng Yi , Fang Nufang , Shi Zhihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChina's Grain‐for‐Green Program (GFGP) motivates conversion from steep slope cropland to forest or grassland to reverse serious land degradation. However, impoverished farmers potentially persist with inefficient slope farming for survival, thereby threatening the sustainable GFGP efforts. Consequently, a strategy for balancing farming and vegetation restoration from a spatial optimization perspective is necessary. Here, we selected two catchments with high and low agricultural intensity in the loess hilly and gully regions for a case study. Spatial analysis and binary logistic regression models were used to clarify the effects of topography, accessibility, and location factors on cropland distribution and explore spatially optimized cropland distribution. The results show that steep slope cropland is still widespread, of which cropland with slopes >15° accounts for 46.7% and 34.7% in the two catchments, respectively. Residences and roads significantly impact steep slope cropland distribution, and around 80% of cropland with slopes >15° is distributed within 200 m from residences or 100 m from roads. In cropland redistribution scenarios, cropland with slopes >25° and >15° can be redistributed to gentler slopes while maintaining cropland areas in catchments with high and low agricultural intensity. Correspondingly, 38.8% and 81.2%, respectively, of simulated cropland on gentle slopes needs optimized attributes such as accessibility in order to be priorities of farmers. Our research provides new insights into GFGP strategies for steep slope cropland restoration in catchments with different agricultural intensities, thereby advancing sustainable farming and vegetation restoration in China's mountainous regions.
Impaired spontaneous secretion as a potential factor in the development of sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland: A preliminary sialoscintigraphic study
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chun , Dang Luong Huu , Chang Wei‐Wen , Su Chin‐Hui , Hung Shih‐Han 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe development of sialolithiasis is commonly related to local factors, such as the retrograde migration of foods, bacteria, or foreign bodies from the oral cavity. The association of sialolithiasis and saliva stasis resulting from decreased spontaneous secretion remains largely unexplored. The current study investigated the potential role of impaired spontaneous secretion in association with the formation of submandibular gland calculi.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsBetween September 2016 and December 2017, 11 patients with unilateral submandibular gland sialolithiasis confirmed with sialendoscopy were assigned to the experimental group. Another 35 patients clinically diagnosed with parotid obstructive sialadenitis were assigned as the control group. The slope changes of the isotope count curve of the unaffected submandibular gland in the experimental group and the bilateral submandibular glands in the control group were calculated and compared to estimate the spontaneous secretion differences. The degree of spontaneous secretion was defined as the slope changes in the steady ascending stage of the scintigraphic exam.ResultsThe slope decline (degree of spontaneous secretion) on the unaffected side in patients with single‐gland submandibular obstructive sialadenitis was significantly lower than that in the control individuals (p = .002). In contrast, the between‐group comparison in the unaffected parotid glands revealed no difference in the slope decline.ConclusionThe spontaneous secretion of the submandibular gland in patients with submandibular sialolithiasis was decreased compared to that in patients without submandibular sialolithiasis. This phenomenon might be associated with the development of sialolithiasis.Level of Evidence3.
FDA MAUDE database reported adverse events on noninvasive body contouring, cellulite treatment, and muscle stimulation from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Lim Young , Wulkan Adam , Avram Mathew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveNoninvasive cosmetic procedures have continued to gain popularity, owing to their short, in‐office treatments combined with little to no downtime. These procedures are also highly accessible, even offered at medical spas by nonphysician operators. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic also saw heightened interest in all cosmetic procedures, presumably as social distancing and stay‐at‐home orders allotted time and space for postop recovery. As the market for these procedures expand, a thorough understanding of potential adverse events is critical for providers to better counsel their patients on risks and expectations when obtaining informed consent.Materials and MethodsWe employed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA's) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database (http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfmaude/search.cfm), which compiles medical device reports (MDRs) for suspected injuries from device use or malfunction, submitted by manufactures and operators. We focused our query on three main categories: noninvasive body contouring, cellulite treatments, and muscle stimulation therapies that utilize electromagnetic energy. The query was performed in February 2022 using a comprehensive list of product names and manufacturers.ResultsThe initial search yielded 827 MDRs, which were individually reviewed for duplicate reports or insufficient data. Ultimately, 723 MDRs were analyzed (660 for noninvasive body contouring, 55 for cellulite treatment, and 8 for muscle stimulation). Paradoxical hyperplasia accounted for the majority of MDRs for noninvasive body contouring, while burns and scars were most common for muscle stimulation and cellulite treatments, respectively. Of the 7‐year span we surveyed, 2021 accounted for 515 of the 723 total assessed MDRs (71.2%), the majority of which were from cryolipolysis procedures.ConclusionThe MAUDE database remains an essential tool to monitor potential adverse events of medical devices, including those utilized for noninvasive, cosmetic procedures. Insight from the MAUDE database can be clinically translated when discussing treatment options with patients, helping to optimize patient safety and satisfaction.
Evaluation of the Fusion Quality of Bead Foams Made from Polybutylene Terephthalate (E‐PBT) Depending on the Processing Temperature
Authors: Kuhnigk Justus , Krebs Niko , Standau Tobias , Dippold Marcel , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing requirements are leading to new developments in bead foam materials. Engineering thermoplastics such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) outperform standard bead foams in thermal stability. In order to obtain molded parts, beads are fused together using steam chest molding. Classical theories for the fusion mechanism, explaining the molding of amorphous EPS (expandable polystyrene) or semi‐crystalline EPP (expanded polypropylene), cannot be applied to E‐PBT (expanded polybutylene terephthalate). In previous studies, sufficient time for polymer interdiffusion during molding is identified as crucial and requires adjusted crystallization kinetics. This study consequently examines to which extent the crystalline properties and the bead fusion behavior of E‐PBT can be influenced by the bead foaming process. By varying the underwater granulation (UWG) water temperature, different cooling rates of the expanding melt are generated. The foamed beads show different cell morphologies, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties depending on the UWG water temperature. Those beads that show a pronounced shrinkage behavior in the thermomechanical analysis, caused by an increased open cell content and a pronounced cold‐crystallization, exhibit a reduced bead fusion quality. The bead fusion quality is examined by the fracture surface. The shrinkage phenomenon causes a reduced bead to bead contact and partially separation between the beads.
Chemical Multiverse: An Expanded View of Chemical Space
Authors: Medina‐Franco José L. , Chávez‐Hernández Ana L. , López‐López Edgar , Saldívar‐González Fernanda I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTechnological advances and practical applications of the chemical space concept in drug discovery, natural product research, and other research areas have attracted the scientific community‘s attention. The large‐ and ultra‐large chemical spaces are associated with the significant increase in the number of compounds that can potentially be made and exist and the increasing number of experimental and calculated descriptors, that are emerging that encode the molecular structure and/or property aspects of the molecules. Due to the importance and continued evolution of compound libraries, herein, we discuss definitions proposed in the literature for chemical space and emphasize the convenience, discussed in the literature to use complementary descriptors to obtain a comprehensive view of the chemical space of compound data sets. In this regard, we introduce the term chemical multiverse to refer to the comprehensive analysis of compound data sets through several chemical spaces, each defined by a different set of chemical representations. The chemical multiverse is contrasted with a related idea: consensus chemical space.