bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐tuned metal‐insulator transition in Si:B: dynamical scaling
Authors: Bogdanovich S. , Sarachik M.P. , Bhatt R.N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUniaxial stress S was used to tune the critical density of barely metallic Si:B at low temperatures through the metal‐insulator transition. For all values of stress and temperature, the DC conductivity exhibits an excellent fit to the scaling form σ(S, T) = ATμ/zν f[(S — Sc)/T1/zν] on both sides of the transition. Finite temperature scaling yields a critical conductivity exponent μ = 1.6, considerably larger than the value obtained in experiments where the transition was crossed by varying the dopant concentration. Direct comparison of the temperature dependence of stressed and unstressed Si:B suggests that the stress‐driven and concentration‐driven metal‐insulator transitions are not equivalent. We show that the conductivity in the critical region on the metallic side follows σc ∝ T1/2, the form that has been calculated and observed in the perturbative region for weakly disordered metals. The conductivity in the insulating phase follows the Efros‐Shklovskii form, σ(S, T) ∝ exp([—(S — Sc)zν/T]1/2), expected for variable‐range hopping in the presence of Coulomb interactions, with a prefactor ∝T1/2 corresponding to the temperature dependence of the critical curve.
Role of percolation in determining critical composition for the M‐I transition in transition metal oxides
Authors: Holcomb D.F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmong members of a large family of non‐stoichiometric transition metal oxides which exhibit a M‐I transition, NaxWO3 and its compensated relative NaxTay W1—yO3 have been particularly thoroughly investigated by experimentalists. On the theory side, recent work by Dücker, et al.[1] has significantly advanced our understanding of the physics of the metal‐insulator transition in these bellwether materials. This work confirms that for these tight‐binding materials, a “pseudo‐gap” in the density of states arises as a consequence of large values of the Coulomb interaction term U. The work also leads to the conclusion that the one‐electron Anderson localization mechanism, which considers variations in the local carrier binding energy, is not the critical factor in setting the value of xc, the critical impurity concentration for the M‐I transition. But predictions of actual values of xc remain elusive. I will show that percolation ideas, long waiting in the wings, give a clear picture of values of xc in a number of 3d, 4d, and 5d perovskites with non‐magnetic transition metal ions. The geometrical ideas associated with percolation modeling generate a picture of a “linkage” transition, to supplement, not substitute for, the results of the three‐band Anderson‐Mott‐Hubbard model used by Dücker, et al.A test of the appropriateness of percolation models to describe a M‐I transition is the determination of the value of v in the relationship σ(T = 0K) ≡ σ(0) ∝ (x — xc)v. Fragmentary data from NaxWO3, NaxTayW1—xO3 and LaNixCo1—xO3 give value of v lying between 1.6 and 2.5, the range of exponents typically found in various percolation models.
Quantum ergodicity for electrons in two dimensions
Authors: Shepelyansky Dima L. , Song Pil Hun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the effect of electron‐electron interaction on a two dimensional (2D) disordered lattice. For the case of two electrons the analytical estimates are presented showing a transition from localized to delocalized states in a way similar to the Anderson transition in 3D. The localized phase corresponds to large values of the parameter rs, which is determined by the ratio of the Coulomb and Fermi energies. The numerical investigations of the spectral statistics P(s) in a system with up to Np = 30 spin polarized electrons show the transition from the Poisson to the Wigner‐Dyson distribution at a total electron energy independent of Np. The relation to experiments on the metal‐insulator transition in 2D is also discussed.
Metallic phase between the Fermi glass and the Wigner crystal in two dimensions
Authors: Waintal X. , Benenti G. , Pichard J.‐L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor intermediate Coulomb energy to Fermi energy ratios rs, spinless fermions in a two‐dimensional random potential form a new quantum phase, different from the Fermi glass (weakly interacting Anderson localized states) and the Wigner crystal (regular array of charges pinned by the disorder). The intermediate phase is characterized by an ordered flow of persistent currents with a typical value decreasing with excitation energy. Extending finite size scaling analysis to the many body ground state, we find that electron‐electron interactions can drive the Fermi glass towards an intermediate metallic phase (Coulomb metal).
Direct observation of strong localization of quasi‐two‐dimensional light waves
Authors: Bozhevolnyi S.I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScattering of surface plasmon polaritons on rough metal surfaces is investigated by using scanning near‐field optical microscopy. Different scattering regimes, i.e., single, double and multiple scattering, are observed and related to the spatial Fourier spectra of the corresponding near‐field optical images. For the regime of strong multiple scattering, the near‐field optical images exhibit spatially localized (within 150—250 nm) intensity enhancement by 10—50 times. This feature is attributed to strong localization of surface polaritons due to interference effects in multiple scattering caused by surface roughness. Similar bright light spots are observed with light scattering by silver colloid clusters deposited on glass substrates. Differences and similarities in these scattering phenomena are discussed.
Conductivity of granular superconductors in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Beloborodov I.S. , Efetov K.B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe suggest a theory of the negative magnetoresistance in a metallic granular superconductors. Calculations are performed in a strong magnetic field when the superconducting gap inside the grains is already destroyed by orbital mechanism. We found that even without including the effects of weak localization the conductivity of granular system strongly decreases due to reduction of the density of states by superconducting fluctuations. At the same time, it is shown that Aslamazov‐Larkin and Maki‐Thompson corrections vanish at very low temperaturs. Our results can explain the unusual experimental behaviour of the resistivity of granular system in a strong magnetic field.
Aptamers for SARS‐CoV‐2: Isolation, Characterization, and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Developments
Authors: Amini Ryan , Zhang Zijie , Li Jiuxing , Gu Jimmy , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and COVID‐19 pandemic continue to demand effective diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. Finding these solutions requires highly functional molecular recognition elements. Nucleic acid aptamers represent a possible solution. Characterized by their high affinity and specificity, aptamers can be rapidly identified from random‐sequence nucleic acid libraries. Over the past two years, many labs around the world have rushed to create diverse aptamers that target two important structural proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2: the spike (S) protein and nucleocapsid (N) protein. These have led to the identification of many aptamers that show real promise for the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents for SARS‐CoV‐2. Herein we review all these developments, with a special focus on the development of diverse aptasensors for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2. These include electrochemical and optical sensors, lateral flow devices, and aptamer‐linked immobilized sorbent assays.
Selection on the gametophyte: Modeling alternation of generations in plants
Authors: Sorojsrisom Elissa S. , Haller Benjamin C. , Ambrose Barbara A. , Eaton Deren A. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseThe degree of gametophyte dependence on the sporophyte life stage is a major feature that differentiates the life cycles of land plants, yet the evolutionary consequences of this difference remain poorly understood. Most evolutionary models assume organisms are either haploid or diploid for their entire lifespan, which is not appropriate for simulating plant life cycles. Here, we introduce shadie (Simulating Haploid–Diploid Evolution), a new, simple Python program for implementing simulations with biphasic life cycles and analyzing their results, using SLiM 3 as a simulation back end.MethodsWe implemented evolutionary simulations under three realistic plant life cycle models supported in shadie, using either standardized or biologically realistic parameter settings to test how variation in plant life cycles and sexual systems affects patterns of genome diversity.ResultsThe dynamics of single beneficial mutation fixation did not vary dramatically between different models, but the patterns of spatial variation did differ, demonstrating that different life histories and model parameters affect both genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium. The rate of linkage disequilibrium decay away from selected sites varied depending on model parameters such as cloning and selfing rates, through their impact on effective population sizes.DiscussionEvolutionary simulations are an exciting, underutilized approach in evolutionary research and education. shadie can aid plant researchers in developing null hypotheses, examining theory, and designing empirical studies, in order to investigate the role of the gametophyte life stage, and the effects of variation in plant life cycles, on plant genome evolution.
A review of hepatic fibrosis‐associated histopathology in aged cadavers
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Kee Dustin , Cheng Christopher P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article reviews hepatic fibrosis‐associated histopathology of aged cadavers (mean age 82 years). A study of 68 livers identified steatosis in 35.5%, central vein fibrosis in 49.2%, perisinusoidal fibrosis in 63.2%, portal tract fibrosis in 47.7%, septa formation in 44.1%, bridging fibrosis in 30.8%, and cirrhosis in 4.4% of the samples as well as one hepatocellular carcinoma and six metastatic tumors. Other studies have revealed that collagens I, III, IV, V, and VI and fibronectin constitute the matrices of fibrous central veins, perisinusoidal space, portal tracts, and septa. Elastin is rich in portal tracts and fibrous septa but absent from the perisinusoidal space. Hepatic stellate cells are ubiquitous in the liver parenchyma while myofibroblasts localize in fibrotic foci. Factor VIII‐related antigen expression signals sinusoidal to systemic vascular endothelium transformation while collagen IV and laminin codistribution indicates formation of perisinusoidal membranes. Their coincidence reflects focalized capillarization of sinusoids in the aged liver. In response to fibrogenesis, hepatic progenitor cells residing in the canal of Hering in the periportal parenchyma undergo expansion and migration deep into the lobule. Concomitantly, intermediate hepatocyte‐like cells increase in advanced fibrosis stages, which is possibly related to hepatic regeneration. Metabolic zonation of glutamine synthetase expands from the perivenous to non‐perivenous parenchyma in fibrosis progression but its expression is lost in cirrhosis, while cytochrome P‐4502E1 expression is maintained in centrilobular and midlobular zones in fibrosis progression and expressed in cirrhosis. Hence, cadaveric livers provide a platform for further investigation of hepatic histopathologies associated with the aging liver.
Using behavior skills training to teach recreational motor skills to middle school students with moderate disabilities
Authors: Macadangdang Jennifer , Black Rhonda S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMotor skills are important for everyone as they are linked to one's amount of physical activity. Recreational motor skills are especially important for students with disabilities so they can participate in games and activities with their same‐age peers. However, many individuals with disabilities are not proficient in these skills. The purpose of this multiple baseline across skills study was to determine the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) on middle school students with disabilities' (age 12–14 years old) kicking, catching, and throwing a ball. Three students participated in the study. All participants had a diagnosis of both intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Findings revealed that implementation of BST did improve the participants' recreational motor skills. Results also suggested that for some students, generalization across skills can occur when using BST. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are provided.
A perspective review of cannabis use and sexual offenses
Authors: Erickson Steven K. , Vorwerk Michelle L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubstance abuse is an established risk factor for crime and violence, including sexual violence. Nevertheless, the link between cannabis use and sexual offenses remains poorly understood. Cannabis use has a broad effect on sexual functioning and can have both acute and lasting adverse effects on psychological functioning, which in turn can elevate the risk of sexual offending behavior. Yet there is a scarcity of studies that have examined the link between cannabis use and sexual offending. To help fill the gap, this perspective review investigates the link between substance use and crime with a particular emphasis on cannabis use and its effects on sexual and psychological functioning. It then explores how these mechanisms may contribute to sexual offenses and recidivism, with a final discussion on how cannabis use should be conceptualized as a risk factor for sexual violence.
How higher‐order personal values affect the purchase of electricity storage—Evidence from the German photovoltaic market
Authors: Poier Stefan , Nikodemska‐Wołowik Anna Maria , Suchanek Michał 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhy do consumers make different decisions even when socioeconomic conditions are similar? The present article examines the effects of human values—as formulations of motivational goals—on the decision to purchase electricity storage for a photovoltaic system, a phenomenon hardly explored in prior research regarding high‐priced household investments. About 50 percent of photovoltaic‐system owners in Germany are also owners of an electricity storage. This study aims to explore the more deeply rooted motivational factors behind these different decisions to extend our understanding of consumers' decision‐making processes regarding energy‐efficiency investments. It is based on an online survey of 460 owners of residential photovoltaic systems in Germany in 2019 and focuses on the interplay between higher‐order values, purchase decisions, perceived risk, and environmental concern. The analysis of the higher‐order values showed direct effects of conservation and self‐transcendence and indirect effects of openness to change and self‐enhancement, both mediated by perceived risk.
Eruptive xanthomas as a marker for metabolic disorders: A specific form of xanthoma that reflects hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Ohtaki Sohichiroh , Ashida Kenji , Matsuo Yuko , Moritaka Kanoko , Iwata Shimpei , Nagayama Ayako , Kawaguchi Aya , Koga Hiroshi , Yoshinobu Satoko , Hasuzawa Nao , Motomura Seiichi , Akiba Jun , Nakama Takekuni , Nomura Masatoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEruptive xanthomas are skin manifestations associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Accordingly, the improvement of hypertriglyceridemia can ameliorate this condition. We report a case of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed with this skin lesion. Clinicians should be aware that eruptive xanthomas could indicate metabolic disorders associated with atherosclerosis.
Enzyme Kits to Facilitate the Integration of Biocatalysis into Organic Chemistry – First Aid for Synthetic Chemists
Authors: Fessner Nico D. , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFirst Aid Kits are collections of the most important medical equipment required for quick medical assistance. Similarly, enzyme kits can provide a proficient, ready‐ and easy‐to‐use collection of biocatalysts that can be applied with high reproducibility. In this article, we illustrate how kits of oxyfunctionalisation enzymes could operate as synthetic ‘First Aid’ for chemists working on complex natural product total synthesis in an early‐ or late‐stage fashion, as well as in lead diversification in drug discovery processes. We reason that enzyme kits could catalyse the integration of biocatalysis into (synthetic) organic chemistry and describe how we envision their future application.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Electrode Platforms in the Assembly of Biofuel Cells and Self‐Powered Sensors
Authors: M Aswathi , Ganesh V. , Berchmans Sheela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBioelectricity or bioelectrochemical energy conversion, which is not subjected to Carnot's limitation, is a greener alternative to renewable energy sources. However, the sluggishness of electron transfer between enzyme/microorganisms and the electrodes and low efficiency of electron capture at the electrodes limit the power densities to lower levels. Development of rugged low power density devices with prolonged life is suitable for applications such as powering implantable devices, fabrication of self‐powered sensors, powering remote sensors, wastewater treatment and bioelectrosynthesis. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials with high surface area that can act as exoskeletons for enzymes/microorganisms to stabilize and protect them from denaturation with retention of their activity for a prolonged period, thereby enabling robustness to the biocatalyst. Further MOFs and MOF‐derived carbonaceous materials are shown to perform better than Pt/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the often used cathodic reaction in a biofuel cell. The role of MOFs in the area of bioelectrochemical energy conversion, especially with respect to applications in biofuel cells and self‐powered sensors, is discussed in detail in this Review.
Nitrogen fertilizer rate and timing effects on smooth bromegrass interseeded with sorghum‐sudangrass
Authors: Guretzky John A. , Hillhouse Heidi , Redfearn Daren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInterseeding perennial cool‐season grass pastures with annual warm‐season grasses may increase forage accumulation and nutritive value. Our understanding of how N fertilizer rate and timing affect the forage mass, herbage composition, and N use efficiency (NUE) of interseeded pastures remains limited. In 2018–2020, we evaluated the responses of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) to two interseeding and five fertilizer rate and timing treatments in eastern Nebraska. Interseeding treatments included unseeded smooth bromegrass and smooth bromegrass interseeded with sorghum‐sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor var. sudanense]. Fertilizer rate and timing treatments included: 0 lb N acre–1, 80 lb N acre–1 in spring, 40 lb N acre–1 in spring and summer, 80 lb N acre–1 in summer, and 80 lb N acre–1 in spring and summer. Summer applications occurred after sorghum‐sudangrass emergence. Across years, fertilizer rate and timing had the greatest effects on forage and weed responses. Applying N at 80 lb acre–1 in spring increased spring and total spring + summer forage mass by 33% while increasing NUE compared with summer application. Interseeding did not increase summer and total forage mass, and summer N applications did not enhance the success of sorghum‐sudangrass and were problematic, increasing weediness and reducing NUE. Practitioners should fertilize smooth bromegrass with 80 lb N acre–1 in spring or 40 lb N acre–1 in split spring and summer applications in eastern Nebraska. Interseeding sorghum‐sudangrass may increase forage accumulation and nutritive value, but establishment methods need improvement.
Effects of commercial and farm‐made inoculants on the chemical composition and fermentation of kikuyu grass silages
Authors: Villalobos‐Villalobos Luis A. , Arce‐Cordero J. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnsiling allows for more efficient pasture utilization in kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov.)‐based forage systems. However, the chemical composition of kikuyu challenges this process. Additives can improve the quality of kikuyu silage. This study aimed to evaluate how the organoleptic, fermentative, and nutritive traits of kikuyu (90‐d regrowth) were affected by three inoculants [farm‐made inoculants (FMI), Efficient Microorganisms (EMI), and a commercial inoculant] compared with a control. We hypothesized that FMI and EMI would perform similarly to the commercial inoculant on kikuyu silage. The control treatment had lower scores for odor, but texture, moisture and color were adequate and similar among treatments. Kikuyu silage had similar concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (2.72–3.23%) among treatments, with the pH (5.04–5.20) and buffering capacity [95–111 meq NaOH 100 g–1 dry matter (DM)] indicating resistance to acidification. The DM of kikuyu silage (20.7–21.0%) was similar to the forage prior to ensiling. The crude protein (8.13–8.69%) and ash (15.5–16.8%) concentrations indicated the forage's advanced maturity and were not affected by the inoculants. Mean neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was similar for FMI and EMI (54.8 and 54.8%) compared with the control and commercial inoculant (58.5 and 62.8%), and kikuyu silage had lower concentrations than fresh forage. In vitro DM digestibility was similar among treatments (55.7–59.0%). There was no clear advantage of using inoculants to ensile kikuyu grass, but the variation in NDF and hemicellulose concentrations in the control treatment suggests that kikuyu silages may benefit from inoculants.
Effects of Bond Strength on the Electronic Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of β‐VA Monolayers (Sb, As, and P)
Authors: Zhang Shi Yang , Huang Yong Liang , Wu Chang Yi , Han Jin Chen , Sun Lei , Gong Hao Ran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFirst‐principles calculation and Boltzmann transport theory have been combined to comparatively investigate the integration of Crystal Orbital Hamilton Populations (−ICOHP), band structures, phonon spectrums, lattice thermal conductivities, electronic transport properties, Seebeck coefficients, and thermoelectric figure of merits of β‐VA monolayers (Sb, As, and P). Calculations reveal that the thermoelectric properties increase with the decrease of the bond strength, which should be mainly due to the lower lattice thermal conductivity, suitable band gap, and weakened coupling of electrons and phonons. It is also found that the ZT value of the β‐Sb monolayer for the electronic along the x direction is the best among the β‐VA monolayers. Furthermore, the origin of the lowest lattice thermal conductivity of the β‐Sb monolayer in the β‐VA monolayers (Sb, As, and P) may be attributed to the more phonon scattering channels (P3) and the lower phonon velocity (v).The derived results are in good agreement with other theoretical results in the literature, and could provide a deep understanding of thermoelectric properties of the β‐VA monolayer materials.