bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multitasking Device Regulated by the Gravity Field: Broadband Anapole‐Excited Absorber and Linear Polarization Converter
Authors: Qu Jia , Pan Hao , Sun Yuan‐Zhe , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an innovative multitasking device (MTD) regulated by the gravity field realizing the functions of metamaterial absorber (MMA) and linear polarization converter (LPC) is proposed and theoretically investigated. When the device operates in the function of MMA, the engineered SRR structure offers robust conditions for the formation of anapole mode. The anapole mode can lead to destructive interference in the far‐field and constructive interference within the configuration synchronously; thereby, the incident wave energy can be consumed strongly. It is verified that the proposed MTD in the MMA state can acquire a high absorption rate exceeding 0.9 from 10.82 to 13.55 GHz, with a broad relative bandwidth (RBW) of 22.4%. While in the LPC state, the utilization of the “L”‐shaped structure successfully introduces an equivalent magnetic resonance to achieve the translation of the incident wave polarization state. In this case, the orthogonal state of the incident beam can be obtained by the MTD with the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) over 0.9 in the range of 2.62–3.72 GHz, whose RBW is 34.7%. The design accomplishes the functional combination of MMA and LPC through the gravity field regulation, simultaneously staggering the operating bands to guarantee their independence and anti‐interference.
Capture, Storage, and Release of Oxygen by Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Sutton Ashley L. , Melag Leena , Sadiq M. Munir , Hill Matthew R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxygen is a critical gas for medical and industrial settings. Much of today's global oxygen supply is via inefficient technologies such as cryogenic distillation, membranes or zeolites. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) promise a superior alternative for oxygen separation, as their fundamental chemistry can in principle be tailored for reversible and selective oxygen capture. We evaluate the characteristics for reversible and selective uptake of oxygen by MOFs, focussing on redox‐active sites. Key characteristics for separation can also be seen in MOFs for oxygen storage roles. Engineering solutions to release adsorbed oxygen from the MOFs are discussed including Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA), Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and the highly efficient Magnetic Induction Swing Adsorption (MISA). We conclude with the applications and outlooks for oxygen capture, storage and release, and the likely impacts the next generation of MOFs will have on industry and the broader community.
Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels for Highly Efficient High Salinity Solar Desalination
Authors: Lei Chuxin , Guan Weixin , Guo Youhong , Shi Wen , Wang Yuyang , Johnston Keith P. , Yu Guihua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInterfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) is regarded as a promising and sustainable strategy for clean water production. While many materials have demonstrated excellent evaporation rates under one sun, it remains challenging to design solar evaporators without compromising SVG performance in high‐salinity brines (≥10 wt %). Herein, polyzwitterionic hydrogels (PZHs) are proposed as a novel platform for high‐salinity solar desalination. Taking advantage of the unique anti‐polyelectrolyte effects, PZHs can trap salt ions from the brine water to form a more hydrated polymer network, leading to enhanced SVG performance. PZHs exhibit an exceptional solar evaporation rate of 4.14 kg m−2 h−1in 10 wt % brine, which is ≈20 % higher than that in pure water. It is anticipated that salt‐responsive PZHs may provide insights for the design of next‐generation solar desalination systems.
Solid–Liquid Interfacial Coordination Chemistry Enables High‐Capacity Ammonium Storage in Amorphous Manganese Phosphate
Authors: Yang Duo , Song Yu , Zhang Ming‐Yue , Qin Zengming , Liu Jie , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmmonium (NH4+) ion as charge carrier is attracting attention in aqueous batteries. Yet, most NH4+ host materials are still limited by the relatively low capacities. Here, we fabricated a manganese phosphate (MP‐20) for NH4+ ion storage. MP‐20 displays a high capacity of 299.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 in ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) electrolyte, outperforming other reported NH4+ host materials. Spectroscopy studies suggest a new NH4+/H+ co‐insertion mechanism. We surprisingly discover that the NH4Ac electrolyte plays an important role in improving the charge storage capability of the materials. Experimental and computational results indicate acetate ions can form coordination bonds with the Mn atoms, tailoring the electronic structure of the Mn atoms and the surrounding O atoms, and therefore facilitating the NH4+ storage process. Our findings provide a new NH4+ host material and propose the important role of the electrolyte‐electrode coordination effect in aqueous ammonium batteries.
Evaluation and perception of online teaching of molecular biology using DingTalk for international medical students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Ning Qilan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has greatly impacted the education of international students. The authors taught a molecular biology course using the DingTalk platform for international medical students (IMS) in the autumn semester of 2020. We assessed the effect of this online teaching based on an online questionnaire and by analysis of the final examination scores. Our findings demonstrate that the DingTalk platform is a free, effective and convenient online teaching tool for international students. The students' feedback showed that most of them were satisfied with this live teaching with DingTalk. They considered who viewed that the questions used in the live classroom setting were helpful for their learning. There is nonetheless still scope to improve this online teaching mode for international students, such as providing more pre‐recorded teaching videos for offline application and use of a virtual simulation experimental molecular biology course. We hope that our findings regarding the experience of IMS with this teaching mode will be of value to other academic faculty.
Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receipt of biomarker testing in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Markt Sarah C. , Booker Benjamin D. , Bensken Wyatt , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Rose Johnie , Cooper Greg , Selfridge J. Eva , Koroukian Siran M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStandard clinical practice and national guidelines dictate somatic testing of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) tumors to guide appropriate therapy; however, previous studies suggest that not all patients are tested. The objective of this study was to investigate potential differences in testing for mCRC by demographic and clinical factors.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of de‐identified patient data derived from electronic health records (EHRs) of 25,469 patients diagnosed with mCRC between the years 2013 and 2020. Our outcome was a receipt of the following tests: (a) biomarker testing (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, MMR/MSI) and (b) next‐generation sequencing (NGS). We interrogated our data using the machine‐learning algorithm Classification and Regression Tree (CART), a unique approach to identifying combinations of, rather than individual demographic and clinical characteristics associated with receipt of testing.ResultsA total of 25,469 patients were identified with mCRC. Of these, 21,133 (83%) received either biomarker testing only (n = 12,485) or any testing (biomarker + NGS) (n = 8648). The proportion of patients who received any testing increased over calendar time for all age, race, and sex categories. Receipt of any testing was highest (90%) among younger and patients with better performance status, and there was no difference in receipt of any testing by race. The highest percentage of NGS testing was among those with better performance status, <70 years old, commercial or other governmental program payers, and low comorbidity burden; however, those who were Black or Hispanic had a lower prevalence of NGS testing than those who were White.Conclusions and RelevanceConsiderable variations exist in somatic biomarker testing across subgroups of the population. Identification of genomic alterations can aid in determining targeted treatment and improving clinical outcomes; therefore, equitable use of these testing strategies, particularly NGS, is necessary.
Incidentally discovered lacunar image of the mandible: A diagnostic orientation
Authors: Kammoun Rym , Chaabani Imen , Ben Alaya Touhami 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStafne bone cavity belongs to the class of pseudocysts as a mandibular radiolucency image with well‐defined borders. It is asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. CT scan is the best examination to identify characteristics and content of this image. This study aimed to highlight these radiological features to establish the correct diagnosis.
Ligand Backbone Influence on the Enantioselectivity in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones with NH3/H2 Using Binaphthyl‐Substituted Phosphines
Authors: Menche Maximilian , Klein Philippe , Hermsen Marko , Konrath Robert , Ghosh Tamal , Wysocki Jedrzej , Ernst Martin , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schäfer Ansgar , Comba Peter , Schaub Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influence of the ligand backbone on the enantioselectivity in the ruthenium‐catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination of acetophenone with NH3 and H2, using bidentate binaphthyl‐substituted phosphine ligands, was investigated in a combined computational and experimental study. A model for the bite angle dependence of the enantiomeric excess (ee) when using diphosphines bearing binaphthyl‐groups on the P‐atoms was developed. This revealed a significant potential for increasing the enantioselectivity, if ligands with a larger bite angle than the previously reported (S,S)‐f‐binaphane are used. Suitable backbone candidates were selected from more than one million structures provided by the Cambridge Structural Database (CCDC‐CSD) and the most promising candidates were synthesized accordingly. Despite all efforts, an increase of the ee was not possible with this approach. The larger backbones resulted in the preference of different ligand coordination modes avoiding the formation of the more strongly enantiodiscriminant substrate pocket between the naphthyl wings.
Cocatalyst Effect in Transition Metal Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Chen Ao , Ma Zhanshan , Pan Yao , Chen Min , Zou Chen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransition‐metal‐based olefin polymerization catalysts usually require activation with a cocatalyst to initiate polymerization reactions. Borane type cocatalyst is one of the most important classes of cocatalysts that can significantly influence the catalytic performances. In this contribution, we designed and prepared a series of borane cocatalysts, and subsequently investigated their properties in a titanium‐based Constrained Geometry Catalyst (CGC‐Ti) catalyzed ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1‐octene copolymerization. Among these borane cocatalysts, B(C6F5)2OtBu exhibited outstanding cocatalyst performances, achieving activity of up to 1.06×107 g mol−1 h−1 and polymer molecular weight of up to 88.2×104 g mol−1 in ethylene polymerization. In ethylene/1‐octene copolymerization, this borane enabled activity of up to 2.46×106  g mol−1 h−1, affording copolymers with comonomer incorporation of up to 12.8 % and copolymer molecular weight up to 18.3×104 g mol−1. The superior properties of B(C6F5)2OtBu originated from its unique activation mode with the oxygen atom being coordinated to the active metal center.
Validation of a procedure for the numerical simulations of gas–liquid stirred tanks by means of a computational fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Maluta Francesco , Alberini Federico , Montante Giuseppina , Paglianti Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImpellers with concave and vertically asymmetric blades proved superior gas dispersion capabilities and power consumption characteristics under gassed turbulent conditions with respect to traditional flat‐blade turbines in aerated fermenters. In this study, a pilot‐size gas–liquid tank stirred with an asymmetric blade disk impeller is numerically investigated by means of a Reynolds averaged two‐fluid model combined with a simplified population balance model without adjustable parameters. This work aims at increasing the predictive capabilities of computational fluid dynamics multiphase modelling by validating a computational approach for the realistic simulation of industrial aerated fermenters and thus allowing for a more reliable scale‐up. A methodology for achieving fully predictive results on fundamental variables for gas–liquid stirred tanks such as gassed power consumption, overall gas hold‐up, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, with affordable computational requirements at pilot and industrial scale is presented. Two‐phase results are compared with the experimental data collected in a geometry matching the computational domain equipped with 3 planes of 16 sensors to enable electro‐resistance tomography measurements and with suitable correlations from the literature. The limits and strength of the numerical procedure are discussed, starting from the comparison between computational predictions and experimental measurements.
Design and development of a simple and highly sensitive anthocyanin‐based sensing device for colorimetric urea determination
Authors: Ul Haq Shamshad , Aghajamali Maryam , Hassanzadeh Hassan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe introduce a rapid anthocyanin‐based paper sensor with very high sensitivity and optical visibility for colorimetric detection of urea. The working principle is based on a colour change from purple to blue upon sensor exposure to ammonia generated from urea hydrolysis in the presence of urease as a catalyst. To improve sensor sensitivity and optical visibility, anthocyanin storage, urease solvent, urea hydrolysis time, and temperature were investigated. The results indicated that the anthocyanin extracted from red cabbage and stored in dark and low‐temperature conditions, urease extracted into water55 + glycerol45 (Aq55 + G45), and urea hydrolysis time of 40 min and temperature of 45°C offer the best detection condition. The fabricated sensor showed exceptional sensitivity of 0.018 pixel/mg urea‐N/L with a very low limit of detection (2.01 mg urea‐N/L) and a limit of quantification (6.71 mg urea‐N/L). Moreover, the sensor reaction zone is optically visible for urea concentration as low as 5 mg urea‐N/L, making it a promising tool for urea screening in diverse applications. The unique analytical features and accuracy of the sensor compared to the spectrophotometry method also suggest that it can be used as a replacement for environmentally unfriendly spectrophotometry methods for on‐site urea determination.
Proof of Modulational Instability of Stokes Waves in Deep Water
Authors: Nguyen Huy Q. , Strauss Walter A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is proven that small‐amplitude steady periodic water waves with infinite depth are unstable with respect to long‐wave perturbations. This modulational instability was first observed more than half a century ago by Benjamin and Feir. It has been proven rigorously only in the case of finite depth. We provide a completely different and self‐contained approach to prove the spectral modulational instability for water waves in both the finite and infinite depth cases. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Neuroblastoma Markers: Complexation Studies as a Tool for the Selection of a Suitable Receptor for Electrode Coating
Authors: Salvadori Karolína , Páleš Jakub Marián , Shishkanova Tatiana V. , Trchová Miroslava , Fajgar Radek , Matějka Pavel , Cuřínová Petra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHomovanillate (HVA) and vanilmandelate (VMA) are recognized markers of diseases, including neuroblastoma. However, their detection in urine represents a challenging task due to the complexity of the matrix. Here, a design, synthesis and thorough investigation of polymerizable urea‐based receptors interacting with HVA and VMA are reported. The selection of receptor with the best anion recognition properties for electrode coating is based on 1H‐NMR and UV‐Vis complexation studies. The sensor is prepared by electropolymerization with progress monitoring by cyclic voltammetry. The deposited layer is characterized by IR and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained sensor shows an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy response to VMA with linear range 9.9×10−6 to 1.2×10−3 M and LOD of 3.4×10−6 M. The sensor selectivity was demonstrated by the determination of VMA level in the presence of 16 μM HVA and in artificial urine with and without phosphates, with standard deviations of 0.11, 0.17 and 0.09, respectively.
Bite force of patients with tooth pain
Authors: Shoji Yoshinobu , Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd , Idris Rostam Iffendi Bin , Mitrirattanakul Somsak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was twofold: (i) to measure the bite force of healthy adults and patients with tooth pain and (ii) to evaluate the influence of bite force and age on tooth pain and both genders. It is hypothesized that patients with tooth pain would have lesser bite forces as compared to healthy individuals.Material and MethodsTwo groups of participants were, the first group comprised 18 healthy adults (9 males, 9 females), while the second group comprised 18 patients with tooth pain (9 males, 9 females), recruited from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Their maximum bite forces were recorded using the Prescale system that consists of pressure‐sensitive films and a precalibrated scanning device. Logistic regression models were used using bite force and age on dichotomous responses of tooth pain status and gender.ResultsThe mean bite force of patients with tooth pain was 684.77 ± 501.13 N, which was lesser than 798.33 ± 492.16 N of the healthy adults. The reduced gender logistic regression model on gender with age was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ .05).ConclusionsEven though the mean bite force was smaller in the group with dental pain, this difference was not statistically significant.
ROS‐driven cellular methane formation: Potential implications for health sciences
Authors: Keppler Frank , Ernst Leonard , Polag Daniela , Zhang Jingyao , Boros Mihaly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently it has been proposed that methane might be produced by all living organisms via a mechanism driven by reactive oxygen species that arise through the metabolic activity of cells. Here, we summarise details of this novel reaction pathway and discuss its potential significance for clinical and health sciences. In particular, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in cellular methane formation. As several recent studies also demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory potential for exogenous methane‐based approaches in mammalians, this article addresses the intriguing question if ROS‐driven methane formation has a general physiological role and associated diagnostic potential.
Functional genomic analysis of epithelioid sarcoma reveals distinct proximal and distal subtype biology
Authors: Rasmussen Samuel V. , Jin Jia xiang , Bickford Lissett R. , Woods Andrew D. , Sahm Felix , Crawford Kenneth A. , Nagamori Kiyo , Goto Hiroaki , Torres Keila E. , Sidoni Angelo , Rudzinski Erin R. , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Ciulli Alessio , Wright Hollis , Lathara Melvin , Srinivasa Ganapati , Kannan Kavya , Huang Paul H. , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Berlow Noah E. , Keller Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic epithelioid sarcoma (EPS) remains a largely unmet clinical need in children, adolescents and young adults despite the advent of EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat.MethodsIn order to realise consistently effective drug therapies, a functional genomics approach was used to identify key signalling pathway vulnerabilities in a spectrum of EPS patient samples. EPS biopsies/surgical resections and cell lines were studied by next‐generation DNA exome and RNA deep sequencing, then EPS cell cultures were tested against a panel of chemical probes to discover signalling pathway targets with the most significant contributions to EPS tumour cell maintenance.ResultsOther biologically inspired functional interrogations of EPS cultures using gene knockdown or chemical probes demonstrated only limited to modest efficacy in vitro. However, our molecular studies uncovered distinguishing features (including retained dysfunctional SMARCB1 expression and elevated GLI3, FYN and CXCL12 expression) of distal, paediatric/young adult‐associated EPS versus proximal, adult‐associated EPS.ConclusionsOverall results highlight the complexity of the disease and a limited chemical space for therapeutic advancement. However, subtle differences between the two EPS subtypes highlight the biological disparities between younger and older EPS patients and emphasise the need to approach the two subtypes as molecularly and clinically distinct diseases.
Analysis of performance optimization of high‐temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell based on the coupling of flow, heat, and mass transfer and electrochemistry
Authors: Kang Chen , Huaiwu Peng , Junfeng Zhang , Xinxin Xu , Shengchen Zhou , Jingxin Ruan , Biao Li , Yueshe Wang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) model simulating the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics of a high‐temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC) is developed based on the coupling of gas flow in channels, the electrochemical reaction in the triple‐phase boundary of electrodes and component diffusion in the porous media in electrodes. The model comprises several equations such as mass equation, momentum equation, energy equation, mass transport equation, and electrochemical reaction equation. The computational fluid dynamics method is adopted to simulate the operating performance (current density distribution, temperature distribution, and gas component distribution) of the 3D electrolytic cell model under different operating conditions (electrolytic voltage, gas temperature at the inlet, flow rate and flow pattern). The simulation results show that gas temperature at the inlet obviously influences electrolytic hydrogen production by SOEC. In the case of lower voltage, a higher temperature can be selected to effectively increase the current density. When the current density is high enough, the supply flow of water vapor needs to be increased to prevent the inhibition reaction of low‐concentration reactants, but this may lead to the reduction of water vapor conversion. In practical operation, a lower voltage and higher gas temperature should be selected, and the flow rate of water vapor appropriately increased to ensure hydrogen production and improve operating efficiency.