bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and Design of the ‘NEurodegeneration: Traumatic brain injury as Origin of the Neuropathology’ (NEwTON) Study: a Prospective Cohort Study of Individuals at Risk for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Amerongen Suzan van , Caton Dewi K. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Barkhof Frederik , Pouwels Petra J.W. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Pijnenburg Yolande A.L. , Scheltens Philip , Vijverberg Everard. G.B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Repetitive head injury in contact sports is associated with cognitive, neurobehavioral and motor impairments and linked to a unique neurodegenerative disorder: chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). As the clinical presentation is variable, risk factors are heterogenous, and diagnostic biomarkers are not yet established, the diagnostic process of CTE remains a challenge. The general objective of the NEwTON study is to establish a prospective cohort of individuals with high risk for CTE, to phenotype the study population, identify potential fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers and measure clinical progression of the disease. The present paper explains the protocol and design of this case-finding study.
Methods
NEwTON is a prospective study that aims to recruit participants at risk for CTE, with features of the traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (exposed participants), and healthy unexposed control individuals. Subjects are invited to participate after diagnostic screening at our memory clinic or recruited by advertisement. Exposed participants receive a comprehensive baseline screening, including neurological examination, neuropsychological tests, questionnaires and brain MRI for anatomical imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM). Questionnaires include topics on life-time head injury, subjective cognitive change and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Optionally, blood and cerebrospinal fluid are obtained for storage in the NEwTON biobank. Patients are informed about our brain donation program in collaboration with the Netherlands Brain Brank. Follow-up takes place annually and includes neuropsychological assessment, questionnaires and optional blood draw. Testing of control subjects is limited to baseline neuropsychological tests, MRI-scan and also noncompulsory blood draw.
Results
To date, 27 exposed participants have finished their baseline assessments. First baseline results are expected in 2023.
Conclusions
The NEwTON study will assemble a unique cohort with prospective observational data of male and female individuals with high risk for CTE. This study is expected to be a primary explorative base and designed to share data with international CTE-related cohorts. Sub-studies may be added in the future with this cohort as backbone.
The spread of electric field within the cochlea is not predictive for speech perception: an analysis of different devices including custom-made electrodes for subtotal cochleoectomy
Authors: Wagner Luise , Plontke Stefan K , Rahne Torsten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveCochlear implants (CIs) can restore hearing not only in patients with profound hearing loss and deafness, but also in patients following tumour removal of intracochlear schwannomas. In such cases, design and placement differ from conventional electrode insertion, in which the cochlea remains filled with fluid. Despite these technical and surgical differences, previous studies have tended to show positive results in speech perception in tumour patients. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the ability to predict speech recognition outcomes using individual electric field distributions based on different electrode designs and investigate special tumour cases.Study designIn a retrospective analysis in a university tertiary center electric field distributions were compared between two groups of electrode designs implanted between 2009 and 2020 i.e., between lateral wall electrodes and custom-made perimodiolar electrode carriers from the same company. The voltage gradients were then correlated with speech recognition results.ResultsDifferences in electrical field distributions were found between lateral wall electrodes and the custom-made perimodiolar electrodes, whereas a significant correlation to scores in speech recognition cannot be demonstrated.ConclusionPrediction of speech recognition outcome based solely on electric field propagation results seems not feasible, although significant differences in field distribution between electrode arrays can be clearly demonstrated. This observation and its relevance to hearing treatment and speech recognition should therefore be further investigated in upcoming studies.
Fast Non-rigid Whole Brain Streamline Matching based on Fast Fiber k-NN and Group-wise MDS
Authors: Wang Junyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-rigid whole-brain fiber streamline matching is a highly challenging technical problem in brain white matter analysis, largely due to the lack of reasonable vector-space representation and efficacious streamline distance measurement in the original curve space is computationally intractable. To address the issue of fast and accurate streamline distance measurement, we propose a fast fiber k-NN algorithm based on a strong relationship between point-wise K-NN and fiber-wise k-NN. Additionally , we propose a distance-preserving vector-space representation of the fiber streamlines based on a novel group-wise multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) technique. Based on the fast fiber k-NN and group-wise MDS, we propose a novel computationally tractable framework for non-rigid whole-brain white matter fiber matching. In this framework , our fast fiber k-NN algorithm is used to initialize the point-cloud matching in the vector space of the streamlines computed by the group-wise MDS. In our experiments, we show that our fast fiber k-NN algorithm reasonably approximates the exhaustive fiber k-NN search at a significantly reduced computational cost, the group-wise MDS effectively computes the vector representation in the aligned vector space, and our fast fiber matching method achieves higher accuracy for large displacement non-rigid whole-brain streamline matching compared to conventional image registration based streamline matching.
Changes in Preventive Behaviour After COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ngamchaliew Pitchayanont , Vichitkunakorn Polathep , Kaewkuea Narathip , Nonthasorn Netipong , Vonnasrichan Thanawat , Rongsawat Natthakarn , Rattanachai Leena , Chaipipattanakij Wannachai , Kamolnawin Sutthida 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To handle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, both protective behaviours and mass vaccination are effective ways. However, it was found that if protective behaviours are abandoned after vaccination, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate can be significantly higher. Therefore, compliance with protective behaviours is equally essential to control the infection. To measure changes in protective behaviours pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination and its relationship with various types of vaccine regimens.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between September 13, 2021, and January 14, 2022. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms and public posters. The questionnaire comprised demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccine regimens, and protective behaviours. The vaccinated Thai population aged ≥ 18 years were surveyed.Results: Of the 469 vaccinated Thai population who responded, 67.4% were females, 57.4% were single, and 67.2% lived in an urban area. There were significant differences in median scores in handwashing (5.0 vs. 5.0, p-value<0.001), physical distancing (4.0 vs. 5.0, p-value=0.019), and avoiding social activity (4.0 vs 5.0, p-value=0.010) between pre-and post-vaccination. Approximately 70 to 90% of participants did not report changes in protective behaviours after vaccination; in fact, there were improvements in avoiding social activity, physical distancing, and handwashing (17.4%, 13.9%, and 12.7%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed improvements in protective behaviours were significantly associated with the age group (between 18 and 24 years), non-healthcare workers, and those who lived in urban areas. No significant evidence of vaccine regimens was found relative to improved protective behaviours.Conclusions: This evidence revealed that Thai people did not relax their protective behaviours after vaccination; in fact, there was an improving trend. Demographic data were associated with improved protective behaviours significantly, but various vaccine regimens were not. These findings might be useful for implementing policy to maintain personal protective behaviours after vaccination against COVID-19.
ROTI Keograms based on CMONOC to characterize the ionopsheric irregularities in 2014
Authors: Li Jinghua , Ma Guanyi , Maruyama T. , Wan Qingtao , Fan Jiangtao , Zhang Jie , Wang Xiaolan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ionospheric irregularities have been studied since ~70 years ago. With the development of global navigation satellite system (GNSS), GNSS networks have been used to get the characteristics of the irregularities, including the drift velocity, the structure, and the evolution and so on. In this paper, keograms based on the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) were used to characterize the irregularities over the area from 85 to 125°E in longitude and 11 to 35°N in latitude in 2014. Keograms were obtained for the rate of TEC index (ROTI) in each 0.5 longitude degrees and 30 minutes universal time pixel. The results showed that the occurrence rate of irregularities was high in the equinox months and December, and lowest in June in 2014. In equinox months the irregularities often appeared after sunset. In March the irregularities usually had long lifetime of ~5-7 hours and ~5 degrees apparent longitude scales. The long lifetime usually was accompanied by obvious eastward drift of ~100m/s and large vROTI. In September the irregularities had weaker ROTI and shorter lifetime than those in March. In June, they appeared ~2-3 hours later than those in equinoxes and drifted westward. And the summer irregularities had weakest ROTI and their latitude was ~30°N, much higher than those in equinoxes. In December, the irregularities had small patches with a longitude scale of ~2 degrees and short lifetime of ~2 hours. Different from the equatorial irregularities in equinox months, the solstice irregularities mainly appeared should be local phenomenon.
Older Adults’ Facial Characteristics Compared to Young Adults’ in Correlation With Edentulism: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Skomina Zala , Kočevar Dominik , Verdenik Miha , Hren Natasa Ihan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Facial ageing is a result of superficial wrinkling and the changes of the underlying soft tissues and skeleton. The influence of tooth loss as geriatric characteristic on facial appearance is still poorly explained. The aim was to evaluate the facial characteristics of older adults in correlation with the dentition and compare them with young adults using a non-invasive 3D methodology. METHODS. 90 participants older than 65 years, classified into 3 subgroups (edentulous, partially edentulous, toothed) and 30 young adults were evaluated. Their faces were scanned with an optical Artec 3D-scanner. Cephalometric analyses were determined using the computer program RapidForm. An independent t-test and ANOVA were used for the comparisons. The pair-wise post-hoc tests were applied with respect to the significant differences (P < 0.05). RESULTS. Older adults' faces are wider and longer because of a longer middle facial height. Older adults have longer upper lip, larger nose, smaller nasolabial angle due to the nasal ptosis, narrower upper and lower lip vermilions and larger facial and lower facial height angles, resulting in a flat facial profile. The ageing facial changes are the most pronounced in the edentulous. In comparison with the toothed they have a smaller facial height due to the smaller lower facial height, larger nasolabial angle, smaller mouth width, shorter upper lip and narrower lip vermilions. Their profile is more flat and lips more retruded. CONCLUSIONS. The whole face proportions are changed in older adults and they are the most expressed with the tooth loss.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect against radiation-induced lung injury by regulating AngII/ACE2/Ang(1-7) axis
Authors: Niu Shiying , Cong Changsheng , Wang Zhaopeng , Sun Meili , Zhang Yueying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the most common complications of thoracic tumors radiotherapy. Since therapeutic strategies remains limited, the exploration of new approaches to treat RILI is on high demands. The use of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to treat RILI holds great promise. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of BMSCs in RILI. Methods C57BL/6 mice received thoracic irradiation except for the control group.Within 24 hours after irradiation, BMSCs were injected via the tail vein in BMSCs group. At 5 weeks after irradiation, H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue and the expression of inflammatory factors. Electron microscopy was used to detect changes in cell structure.Immunofluorescence and western blot were uesd to detect the expression of ACE2, ACE and AT1R.. The expression of Ang II and Ang (1-7) was detected by ELISA. The expression of MasR mRNA in lung tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. Results we found that radiation obviously caused lung tissue injury, especially alveolar type II epithelial cells by H&E and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence and western blot showed that ACE2 decreased significantly in irradiation group. After BMSCs injection, BMSCs significantly reduced RILI by H&E and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence results showed that BMSCs migrated to injuried lung tissue and differentiated into alveolar type II epithelial cells to up-regulated AngII/ACE2/Ang(1-7) axis.Conclusions The study demonstrated that BMSCs may be transplanted into damaged lung tissue where they differentiated into AEC II to regulated AngII/ACE2/Ang(1-7) axis to alleviate RILI.
Development of surrogate models of clamp configuration for optical glass lens centering through finite element analysis and machine learning
Authors: Yu Kai Hung , Shiu Shiau-Cheng , Liu Chun-Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, the clamping stress and force involved in the centering of optical glass lens were evaluated and quantified. On the basis of the key design parameters of the examined clamps, the finite element method was applied to measure clamping stress under various parameter combinations. Support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system algorithm of surrogate models were established using the results obtained through finite element simulation. These surrogate models, which can predict clamping stress on the basis of key parameters, can reduce the time required to perform finite element analysis while providing references for optimizing clamp configuration.
Optimal Complementary Feeding Practices Among Caregivers and Their Children Aged 6-23 Months in Kisoro District, Uganda
Authors: Birungi Tracy Lukiya , Ejalu David Livingstone 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a wide number of risk factors for stunting and one that is most often corroborated by studies is complementary feeding practices. There was a need to ascertain the prevalence of and factors that lend to caregivers meeting requirements for the optimal complementary feeding practices in Kisoro district, a district with high stunting rates. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study that used secondary data obtained from the USAID/Uganda’s Integrated Community, Agriculture, and Nutrition (ICAN) Activity. Multi-stage sampling on the data was done to select entries for 384 caregivers of children aged 6-23 months in Kisoro district. The data was first proffered in Excel sheets and analysed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine independent factors, at the 3 levels of the SEM, associated with optimal complementary feeding practices.Findings: The prevalence of introduction to solid, semi-solid or soft foods was the highest at 95.06%, and the prevalence for Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) was very low at 4.43%.At the settings level, type of occupation (AOR = 21.206; CI = 2.032 - 221.256; p=0.011) and community groups (AOR = 0. 426; CI = 0.219 - 0.828; p=0.012) were found to be statistically significant for association with minimum meal frequency. At the interpersonal level, household size (number of household members) (AOR = 0.346; CI = 0.128 - 0.936; p=0.037) was statistically significant for association with minimum dietary diversity amd minimum acceptable diet. Also, marital status was found to be statistically significant for association with continued breastfeeding (AOR = 13.245; CI = 1.763 - 100.248; p=0.012). At the intrapersonal level, age was associated with timely introduction of complementary foods (AOR = 1.731; CI = 1.040 - 2.883; p=0.035). While age was associated with minimum meal frequency (AOR = 2.208; CI = 1.097 - 4.445; p=0.026).Conclusion: The study findings revealed that the prevalence of MAD and MDD was very low in Kisoro district putting these children at a very high risk to become stunted.
Prevalence and associated factors of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia: findings from a Chinese community-dwelling old adults cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Jia-zhi , Liu Chang-ge , Zhang Lin , Liu Ning , Wang Lei , Wu Jing-qiong , Wang Yi-zhao , Hao Hui-min , Cao Long-jun , Yuan Shi-lei , Huang Li-ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the prevalence and analyse the associated factors of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia among community-dwelling old adults in China, in order to provide effective strategies for early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated community-dwelling old adults aged over 60 years. The basic information, morphological indices, body composition, physical activities were collected and assessed. Possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia were diagnosed by the criteria of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019. A multivariate logistic regression model with stepwise method was employed to identify factors associated with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia.Results: In total 729 old adults from Tianjin were included in this study. 81 participants were diagnosed with possible sarcopenia (prevalence of 11.11%). 75 participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia (prevalence of 10.29%). Age (odds ratio (OR):1.047, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-1.090) and lower physical activities (low level OR:4.171, 95% CI:1.790-9.720; medium level OR:2.634, 95% CI:1.352-5.132) were significantly associated with possible sarcopenia. Age (OR:1.187, 95% CI:1.124-1.253), higher body fat percentage (OR:1.225, 95% CI:1.140-1.317), lower BMI (OR:0.424, 95% CI:0.346-0.519), lower mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (OR:0.865,95% CI:0.781-0.958) and low physical activities (OR:4.638, 95% CI:1.683-12.782) were significantly associated with sarcopenia.Conclusion: Possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia are prevalent among community-dwelling old adults in China. Ageing and lower physical activities were both associated with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Old adults with sarcopenia more likely have higher body fat percentage, lower BMI and lower cognitive function compared with those without this condition.
Molecular biomarker discordances of breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Are they related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or intratumoral heterogeneity and is there any clinical significance?
Authors: Yilmaz Cengiz , Cavdar Demet Kocatepe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency, clinical significance, and causes of molecular discordances between tru-cut biopsy and residual tumor in patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACTx). METHODS: Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) statuses; hormone expression levels; Ki-67 index; and tumor grade in tru-cut biopsy before NACTx and in the residual tumor after NACTx were evaluated and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS: The study included 102 women. Histopathologically, approximately 70% of the patients were partially responsive and 30% were unresponsive. The concordance and discordance rates between tru-cut biopsy and residual tumor were 95.1% vs. 4.9% (p = 0.180) for ER, 97.1% vs. 2.9% (p = 0.083) for PR, and 89.2% vs. 10.8% (p = 0.763) for HER2. Following NACTx, 15% of hormone receptor (HR)-negative patients and 5.7% of HER2(−) patients became positive, requiring adjuvant treatment. In particular, 18% of triple-negative patients became HR(+) and 12% became HER2(+). HER2 loss was detected in 40% HER2(+) patients. Ki-67 and PR expression significantly decreased in pathologically responsive patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004) and tumor grade increased in pathologically unresponsive patients (p = 0.034).CONCLUSION: NACTx alone cannot explain receptor discordance observed in breast cancers. HER2 loss and decreased PR expression levels are mainly associated with NACTx; whereas the receptor status turning positive, which has clinical significance for adjuvant treatment, is primarily associated with intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, immunohistochemical re-staining for biomarkers should be performed in residual tumors.
Giant stones in neobladder and accompanied with a leak of cystotomy repair site:Case report and literature review
Authors: Ye Xiaobo , Xu Yue , Qiu Zhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Neobladder urolithiasis is a rare but important long-term complication of orthotopic urinary diversion. A giant stone maybe grow asymptomatically for a few years or be discovered incidentally by a radiological examination. Open cystolithotomy is an effective intervention for the removal of large stones in neobladder. Case description: We report the case of a 62-year-old male patient, submitted to a radical cystoectomy with a T pouch orthotopic neobladder 16 years before. Computed tomography scan showed a giant stone in the lumen of the neobladder without evident of hydronephrosis. In view of the size of the stones, A open cystotomy was made over the neobladder and approximately 4 stones with dimensions varying from 0.8cm to 6.5cm, and weighing a total of 610g, were removed. The post-operative course has been characterized by a leak of neobladder cystotomy repair site and wound infection, which was resolved after timely cystostomy plus bilateral nephrostomy and complete patency of drainage. Conclusion: Calculi in neobladders often related with metabolic disturbs, mucus overproduction and inefficient voiding. In this case, a giant stone had been growing asymptomatically for a few years. Open surgical removal may be complicated or accompanied by cystotomy leak. but preferred, management option. As illustraeted in this case, timely cystostomy and bilateral nephrostomy and complete patency of drainage facilitate the healing of the cystotomy leak.