bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Vary by Trauma Type?
Authors: Hinojosa Cecilia A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that can develop after experiencing a traumatic event and is, in part, characterized by memory disturbances. Given its important role in learning and memory, the hippocampus has been studied extensively in PTSD using volumetric neuroimaging techniques. However, the results of these studies are mixed. The variability in findings across studies could arise from differences in samples with regard to trauma type, but this connection has not yet been formally assessed. To assess this question, we conducted (1) mixed-effects meta-analyses to replicate previous meta-analytic findings of significant differences in hippocampal volumes in PTSD groups versus two different types of control groups (trauma-exposed and -unexposed groups), and (2) mixed-effects subgroup and meta-regression analyses to determine whether trauma type moderated these hippocampal volume differences. Overall, the PTSD groups showed significantly smaller right hippocampal volumes than both control groups and significantly smaller left hippocampal volumes than trauma-unexposed control groups. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that trauma type did not moderate the effect seen between PTSD and trauma-exposed non-PTSD groups but did moderate the effect between the PTSD and trauma-unexposed control groups: studies that contained participants with PTSD related to combat trauma exhibited significantly smaller effect sizes for right hippocampal volumes compared to the interpersonal violence and “other” trauma-type groups with PTSD. These findings suggest that trauma type may moderate hippocampal volume in trauma-exposed individuals but not in those with PTSD.
Verification of hepatitis B–related hepatocellular carcinoma predictive models to evaluate the risk of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis under antiviral treatment
Authors: Huang Xixia , Wang Hong , Zhang Wenhong , Gu Erli 
Published: February 2022

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related HCC can be attributed to continuous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is crucial to identify and monitor patients with CHB at high risk of HCC occurrence so that HCC can be detected early and the patients are able to receive effective treatment promptly to increase the survival rate and improve prognosis.

Aim
This study aimed to verify hepatitis B–related hepatocellular carcinoma predictive models to evaluate the risk of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis under antiviral treatment.

Methods
Patients with HBV-related compensated cirrhosis were treated with lamivudine and adefovir randomly, and then with a combination of two drugs at different time points based on the virologic response. Patients with HCC occurrence during follow-up were categorized as HCC group, whereas others as control group. They were further divided into 2-year HCC, 2-year control, 5-year HCC, and 5-year control groups according to the observation time. The operating curves of the patients were used to verify models before and after antiviral treatment.

Results
Using the baseline as a parameter, the area under the curve (AUC) of risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B) after 2 and 5 years was 0.863 and 0.797, respectively. The AUC after 2 and 5 years was 0.839 and 0.747, respectively, for guide with age, gender, HBV DNA, core promoter mutations and cirrhosis (GAG-HCC) and 0.741 and 0.748, respectively, for Taiwanese HBV cohort (TW1). Using 48 weeks as the parameter, it has an optimal critical value of 8 points. The AUC of REACH-B after 2 and 5 years was 0.738 and 0.721, respectively.

Conclusion
REACH-B can predict the risk of HCC occurrence in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis before and after antiviral treatment. GAG-HCC and TW1 could predict the risk before antiviral treatment.
Somatosensory assessments in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study examining pain processing pathways and the role of multiple patient factors
Authors: Falling Carrie L , Stebbings Simon , David Baxter G , Siegel Corey A , Gearry Richard B , Mani Ramakrishnan 
Published: February 2022

Background
Pain affects the majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where pain experiences may be influenced by multiple patient factors and changes within central pain processing pathways, termed central sensitization. The current study aimed to investigate pain processing pathways in patients with IBD through somatosensory testing and associations with multiple patient factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of adults with IBD. Assessments included: somatosensory tests [i.e. pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temporal summation (TS), conditioned pain modulation (CPM)], and patient factors (i.e. demographics, comorbidity, sleep quality, psychological, pain severity and interference, and IBD features). Multiple regression analyses explored associations between somatosensory tests and multiple patient factors.

Results
Decreased CPM in participants (N = 51) was associated with worse abdominal pain severity and use of biologic therapies (R
2 = 0.30, F(5,44) = 5.18, P = 0.001). Increased TS was associated with biologic use (R
2 = 0.11, F(1,49) = 6.13, P = 0.017). Decreased PPT at the low back (R
2 = 0.29, F(2,48) = 11.21, P < 0.001) and Tibialis anterior (R
2 = 0.41, F(2,48) = 18.26, P < 0.001) were associated with female sex and the absence of a stoma.

Conclusion
Study results demonstrated associations between multiple patient factors and somatosensory tests in patients with IBD. The absence of a stoma and female sex was associated with greater sensitivity to pressure in two remote body regions, suggestive of widespread hyperalgesia. Worse abdominal pain severity and biologic use were associated with decreased pain inhibition, and biologic use was also associated with increased pain facilitation. These findings suggest the presence of altered pain processing and mechanisms of central sensitization in patients with IBD.
An Early Prospective Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Performance of the Versius Surgical System in Robot-Assisted Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kelkar Dhananjay S. , Kurlekar Utkrant , Stevens Lewis , Wagholikar Gajanan D. , Slack Mark 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of the Versius Surgical System to successfully and safely complete cholecystectomy.

Background:
The system has been developed in-line with surgeon feedback to overcome limitations of conventional laparoscopy to enhance surgeon experience and patient outcomes. Here we present results from the cholecystectomy cohort from a completed early clinical trial, which was designed to broadly align with Stage 2b of the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up framework for surgical innovation.

Methods:
Procedures were performed between March 2019 and September 2020 by surgical teams consisting of a lead surgeon and operating room (OR) assistants. Male or female patients aged 18 years and over and requiring cholecystectomy were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the rate of unplanned conversion from robot-assisted surgery to conventional laparoscopic or open surgery. Adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were adjudicated by video review of the surgery and patient study reports by an independent Clinical Expert Committee.

Results:
Overall, 134/143 (93.7%) cholecystectomies were successfully completed using the device. Of the 9 (6.3%) conversions to another surgical modality, 7 were deemed to be related to the device. A total of 6 serious AEs and 3 AEs occurred in 8 patients (5.6%), resulting in 4 (2.8%) readmissions to hospital within 30 days of surgery and 1 death.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates cholecystectomy performed using the device is as safe and effective as conventional laparoscopy and supports the implementation of the device on a wider scale, pending instrument modifications, in alignment with Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up Stage 3 (Assessment).
Trauma bay virtual reality—A game changer for ATLS instruction and assessment
Authors: Colonna Alexander L. , Robbins Riann , Stefanucci Jeanine , Creem-Regeh Sarah , Patterson Brandon , Engel Benjamin T. , Fischer Aaron , Nirula Raminder 
Published: February 2022

Background
Medical educational research highlights the need for high-fidelity, multidisciplinary simulation training to teach complex decision-making skills, such as those taught in Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). This approach is, however, expensive and time-intensive. Virtual reality (VR) education simulation may improve skill acquisition in a cost-effective and time-sensitive manner. We developed a novel trauma VR simulator (TVRSim) for providers to apply ATLS principles. We hypothesized in this pilot study that TVRSim could differentiate practitioner competency with increasing experience and would be well accepted.

Methods
Providers at a Level I trauma center (acute care surgeons, novice (MS4 & PGY1), junior (PGY2 & 3), senior (PGY4-6) residents) ran a blunt, polytrauma VR code. Ten critical decision points were assessed: intubation, cricothyroidotomy, chest tube, intravenous access, focused abdominal sonography for trauma examination, pelvic binder, activation of massive transfusion protocol, administration of hypertonic saline, hyperventilation and decision to go to the operating room (OR). Learner assessment was based on frequency and time to correct decisions. Participant satisfaction was measured using validated surveys.

Results
All 31 providers intubated and obtained intravenous access. Novices and juniors frequently failed at hypertonic saline and hyperventilation decisions. Juniors often failed at cricothyroidotomy (60%) and OR (100%) decisions. Mean time to all decisions except going to the OR was longer for all groups compared to acute care surgeons. Mean number of decisions/min was significantly higher for surgeons and seniors compared to juniors and novices. Mortality was 92.3% for novices, 80% for juniors, 25% for seniors and 0% for the attendings. Participants found TVRSim comfortable, easy to use/interact with/performance enhancing, and helped develop skills and learning.

Conclusions
In this pilot study using a sample of convenience, TVRSim was able to discern decision-making abilities among trainees with increasing experience. All trainees felt that the platform enhanced their performance and facilitated skill acquisition and learning. TVRSim could be a useful adjunct to teach and assess ATLS skills.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Test or Criteria; Level IV.
Principles of gait encoding in the subthalamic nucleus of people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Thenaisie Yohann , Lee Kyuhwa , Moerman Charlotte , Scafa Stefano , Gálvez Andrea , Pirondini Elvira , Burri Morgane , Ravier Jimmy , Puiatti Alessandro , Accolla Ettore , Wicki Benoit , Zacharia André , Jiménez Mayte Castro , Bally Julien F. , Courtine Grégoire , Bloch Jocelyne , Moraud Eduardo Martin 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTDisruption of subthalamic nucleus dynamics in Parkinson’s disease leads to impairments during walking. Here, we aimed to uncover the principles through which the subthalamic nucleus encodes functional and dysfunctional walking in people with Parkinson’s disease. We conceived a neurorobotic platform that allowed us to deconstruct the key components of walking under well-controlled conditions. We exploited this platform in 18 patients with Parkinson’s disease, which allowed us to demonstrate that the subthalamic nucleus encodes the initiation, termination, and vigor of leg muscle activation. We found that the same fundamental principles determine the encoding of walking. We translated this understanding into a machine-learning framework that decoded muscle activation, walking states, locomotor vigor, and freezing of gait. These results expose key principles through which subthalamic nucleus dynamics encode walking, opening the possibility to operate neuroprosthetic systems with these signals to improve walking in people with Parkinson’s disease.One Sentence SummaryThe subthalamic nucleus encodes the initiation, termination, and vigor of muscle activity, which supports real-time decoding of gait in people with Parkinson’s disease.
Avoidable burden of stomach cancer and potential gains in healthy life years from gradual reductions in salt consumption in Vietnam, 2019 – 2030: a modelling study
Authors: Aminde Leopold Ndemnge , Cobiac Linda J , Phung Dung , Phung Hai N , Veerman J. Lennert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveExcess salt consumption is causally linked with stomach cancer. However, the impact of high salt intake on stomach cancer in Vietnam is not known. The aim of this study was to quantify the future burden of stomach cancer that could be avoided from population-wide salt reduction in Vietnam.DesignA dynamic simulation model was developed to quantify the impacts of achieving the 2018 National Healthy Vietnam program (8g/day by 2025 and 7g/day by 2030) and the WHO (5g/day) salt reduction targets. Data on salt consumption were obtained from the Vietnam 2015 WHO STEPS survey. Health outcomes were estimated over 6-year (by 2025), 11-year (by 2030) and lifetime horizons. We conducted one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.SettingVietnamParticipantsAll adults aged ≥ 25 years (total of 61 million people, 48.4% men) alive in 2019.ResultsAchieving the 2025 and 2030 national salt targets could result in 3,500 and 7,700 fewer incident cases of stomach cancer respectively, and avert 1,950 and 5,200 stomach cancer deaths, respectively. Achieving the WHO target by 2030 could prevent 9,280 new cases of, and 6,300 deaths from stomach cancer. Over the lifespan, this translated to 359,000 (8g/day), 416,000 (7g/day) and 505,000 (5g/day) HALYs gained respectively.ConclusionsA sizeable burden of stomach cancer could be avoided, with gains in healthy life years if national and WHO salt targets were attained. Our findings provide impetus for policy makers in Vietnam and Asia to intensify salt reduction strategies to combat stomach cancer and mitigate pressure on the health systems.
“Is this Herpes or Syphilis?”: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Disease-Related Reddit Posts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Johnson Amy K , Bhaumik Runa , Nandi Debarghya , Roy Abhishikta , Mehta Supriya D 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are common and costly, impacting approximately one in five people annually. Reddit, the sixth most used internet site in the world, is a user-generated social media discussion platform that may be useful in monitoring discussion about STD symptoms and exposure.ObjectiveThis study sought to define and identify patterns and insights into STD related discussions on Reddit over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe extracted posts from Reddit from March 2019 through July 2021. We used a machine learning text mining method, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), to conduct a text analysis to identify the most common topics discussed in the Reddit posts. We then used word clouds, qualitative topic labelling, and spline regression to characterize the content and distribution of topics observed.ResultsOur extraction resulted in 24,311 total posts. LDA Coding showed that with 8 topics for each time period we achieved high coherence values (pre-COVID=0.41, pre-vaccine=0.42; post-vaccine=0.44). While most topic categories remained the same over time, the relative proportion of topics changed and new topics emerged. Spline regression revealed some key terms had variability in the percentage of posts that coincided with COVID-19 pre- and post-periods, while others were uniform across the study periods.ConclusionsOur study’s use of Reddit is a novel way to gain insights into STD symptoms experienced, potential exposures, testing decisions, common questions, and behavior patterns (e.g., during lock down periods). For example, reduction in STD screening may result in observed negative health outcomes due to missed cases, which also impacts onward transmission. As Reddit use is anonymous, users may discuss sensitive topics with greater detail, and more freely than in clinical encounters. Data from anonymous Reddit posts may be leveraged to enhance understanding of the distribution of disease and need for targeted outreach/screening programs. This study demonstrates Reddit has feasibility and utility to enhance understanding of sexual behaviors, STD experiences, and needed health engagement with the public.
Required COVID-19 Vaccination Certification to Attend Certain U.S. Professional Football Games in Fall 2021: A Natural Experiment
Authors: Robertson Leon S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFour U.S. National Football League teams required vaccination certification against the SARS-CoV-2 virus of attendees at home games during the 2021 season. Using daily data on confirmed cases and vaccinations in counties surrounding these stadiums and stadiums that did not require certification, this study estimates the effects of the certification policy. Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the change in community spread of the virus after home games and away games relative to weeks that the teams did not play (bye weeks).Compared to counties in metropolitan areas near stadiums with no certification requirement, counties near stadiums that had a vaccination requirement had significantly less cases 14 days after home games. In the six weeks leading up to the beginning of the season, percent vaccinated increased in counties that were near stadiums requiring vaccination certification only if the prevalent preseason vaccination rate was relatively low. Required vaccination certification at venues for large gatherings appear to slow virus spread generally in nearby communities and increases vaccination percentages in areas with lower prevalent vaccination percentages.
Characterization of altered molecular mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease through cell type-resolved multi-omics analyses
Authors: Lee Andrew J. , Kim Changyoun , Park Seongwan , Jun Kyoungho , Eom Junghyun , Lee Seung-Jae , Chung Sun Ju , Rissman Robert A. , Chung Jongkyeong , Masliah Eliezer , Jung Inkyung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. However, cell type-dependent transcriptional regulatory programs responsible for PD pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, we establish transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes of the substantia nigra (SN) by profiling 87,733 nuclei obtained from healthy controls and PD patients. Our multi-omic data integration provides functional annotation of 128,724 cis-regulatory elements (cREs) and uncovers cell-type specific dysregulated cREs with a strong transcriptional influence on genes implicated in PD. The establishment of high-resolution three-dimensional chromatin contact maps identifies 656 target genes of dysregulated cREs and genetic risk loci, including both novel candidates and known PD risk genes. Notably, these new PD candidate genes exhibit modular gene expression patterns with unique molecular signatures in distinct cell types. Thus, our single-cell transcriptome and epigenome uncover cell type-specific disrupted transcriptional regulations in PD.TeaserSingle-cell transcriptome and epigenome uncover cell type-specific disrupted transcriptional regulations in Parkinson’s disease.
Milk of cow and goat, immunized by recombinant protein vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), contains neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and remains active after standard milk pasteurization
Authors: Garib Victoria , Katsamaki Stefani , Turdikulova Shahlo , Levitskaya Yuliya , Zahidova Nodira , Bus Galina , Karamova Kristina , Rakhmedova Manona , Magbulova Nigora , Bruhov Alexander , Garib Firuz Y. , Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere we report the first experimental validation of the possibility for obtaining immune milk with neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from vaccinated cow and goat using recombinant protein human vaccine, ZF-UZ-VAC2001. In the period of two weeks after first vaccination, we detected the neutralizing antibodies against coronavirus in the blood serum of vaccinated animals. The neutralizing activity, in its peak on the 21st days after receiving the third dose (77th day from first dose), was effective in Neutralization Test using a live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, even after 120-fold serum titration. Colostrum of the first day after 3rd dose vaccinated cow after calving had a greater activity to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 compared to colostrum of subsequent three days (4.080 µg/ml vs 2.106, 1.960 and 1.126 µg/ml), goat milk (1,486 µg/ml), and cow milk (0.222 µg/ml) in MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. We observed a positive correlation of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies between the serum of actively immunized cow and milk-feeding calf during the entire course of vaccination (r = 0.95, p = 0.027). We showed an optimal regime for immune milk pasteurization at 62.5°C for 30 min, which retained specific neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2, potentially useful for passive immunization against coronavirus infection threats.
The BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces transient afucosylated IgG1 in naive but not antigen-experienced vaccinees
Authors: Van Coillie Julie , Pongracz Tamas , Rahmöller Johann , Chen Hung-Jen , Geyer Chiara , van Vlught Lonneke A. , Buhre Jana S. , Šuštić Tonći , van Osch Thijs L. J. , Steenhuis Maurice , Hoepel Willianne , Wang Wenjun , Lixenfeld Anne S. , Nouta Jan , Keijzer Sofie , Linty Federica , Visser Remco , Larsen Mads D. , Martin Emily L. , Künsting Inga , Lehrian Selina , von Kopylow Vera , Kern Carsten , Lunding Hanna B. , de Winther Menno , van Mourik Niels , Rispens Theo , Graf Tobias , Slim Marleen A. , Minnaar René , Bomers Marije K. , Sikkens Jonne J. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. , van der Schoot C. Ellen , den Dunnen Jeroen , Wuhrer Manfred , Ehlers Marc , Vidarsson Gestur ,   the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Infectious Diseases Physicians group and UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe onset of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by the presence of afucosylated IgG1 responses against the viral spike (S) protein, which can trigger exacerbated inflammatory responses. Here, we studied IgG glycosylation after BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination to explore whether vaccine-induced S protein expression on host cells also generates afucosylated IgG1 responses. SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals initially showed a transient afucosylated anti-S IgG1 response after the first dose, albeit to a lower extent than severely ill COVID-19 patients. In contrast, previously infected, antigen-experienced individuals had low afucosylation levels, which slightly increased after immunization. Afucosylation levels after the first dose correlated with low fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) expression levels in a defined plasma cell subset. Remarkably, IgG afucosylation levels after primary vaccination correlated significantly with IgG levels after the second dose. Further studies are needed to assess efficacy, inflammatory potential, and protective capacity of afucosylated IgG responses.One sentence summaryA transient afucosylated IgG response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was observed in naive but not in antigen-experienced individuals, which predicted antibody titers upon the second dose.