bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Narrow Phosphorene Nanoribbons Produced by Facile Electrochemical Process
Authors: Abu Usman O. , Akter Sharmin , Nepal Bimal , Pitton Kathryn A. , Guiton Beth S. , Strachan Douglas R. , Sumanasekera Gamini , Wang Hui , Jasinski Jacek B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) have inspired strong research interests to explore their exciting properties that are associated with the unique two‐dimensional (2D) structure of phosphorene as well as the additional quantum confinement of the nanoribbon morphology, providing new materials strategy for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Despite several important properties of PNRs, the production of these structures with narrow widths is still a great challenge. Here, a facile and straightforward approach to synthesize PNRs via an electrochemical process that utilize the anisotropic Na+ diffusion barrier in black phosphorus (BP) along the [001] zigzag direction against the [100] armchair direction, is reported. The produced PNRs display widths of good uniformity (10.3 ± 3.8 nm) observed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the suppressed B2g vibrational mode from Raman spectroscopy results. More interestingly, when used in field‐effect transistors, synthesized bundles exhibit the n‐type behavior, which is dramatically different from bulk BP flakes which are p‐type. This work provides insights into a new synthesis approach of PNRs with confined widths, paving the way toward the development of phosphorene and other highly anisotropic nanoribbon materials for high‐quality electronic applications.
Single‐Contact, Four‐Terminal Microelectromechanical Relay for Efficient Digital Logic
Authors: Reynolds James D. , Rana Sunil , Worsey Elliott , Tang Qi , Kulsreshath Mukesh K. , Chong Harold M. H. , Pamunuwa Dinesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNano and microelectromechanical relays can be used in lieu of transistors to build digital integrated circuits that can operate with zero leakage current at high operating temperatures and radiation levels. Four‐terminal (4‐T) relays facilitate efficient logic circuits with greatly reduced device counts compared to three‐terminal (3‐T) relay implementations. Existing 4‐T relays, however, require two moving contacts to simultaneously land on two stationary electrodes, which can adversely impact reliability, or have complex out‐of‐plane fabrication methods that can reduce yield and increase cost while having poor scalability. In this work an in‐plane four‐terminal relay with a single moving contact is demonstrated for the first time, through successful fabrication and characterization of prototypes with a critical dimension of 1.5 µm. Body biasing is shown to reduce the pull‐in voltage of this 4‐T relay compared to a 3‐T relay with the same architecture and footprint. The potential of the 4‐T relay to build efficient logic circuits is demonstrated by fabricating and characterizing a 1‐to‐2 demultiplexer (DEMUX) circuit using only two devices, a saving of eight devices over a 3‐T relay implementation.
Ion Transport Kinetics in Low‐Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hu Anjun , Li Fei , Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Li Yaoyao , Fan Yuxin , He Miao , Wang Fan , Zhou Mingjie , Hu Yin , Yan Yichao , Chen Bo , Zhu Jun , Long Jianping , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe deployment of rechargeable batteries is crucial for the operation of advanced portable electronics and electric vehicles under harsh environment. However, commercial lithium‐ion batteries using ethylene carbonate electrolytes suffer from severe loss in cell energy density at extremely low temperature. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), which use Li metal as anode rather than graphite, are expected to push the baseline energy density of low‐temperature devices at the cell level. Albeit promising, the kinetic limitations of standard cell chemistries under subzero operation condition inevitably hamper the cyclability of LMBs, resulting in a severe decline in plating/stripping reversibility and short‐circuit hazards due to the dendritic growth. Such performance degradation becomes more pronounced with decreasing temperature, ascribing to sluggish ion transport kinetics during charging/discharging processes which includes Li+ solvation/desolvation, ion transport through bulk electrolyte, as well as ion diffusion within solid electrolyte interphase and bulk electrode materials at low temperature. In this review, the critical limiting factors and challenges for low‐temperature ion transport behaviors are systematically reviewed and discussed. The strategies to enhance Li+ transport kinetics in electrolytes, electrodes, and electrolyte/electrode interface are comprehensively summarized. Finally, perspective on future research direction of low‐temperature LMBs toward practical applications is proposed.
The Portuguese economic crisis is associated with socioeconomic and sex disparities on children's health‐related behaviors and obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides , Gama Augusta , Nogueira Helena , Silva Maria‐Raquel G. , Padez Cristina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to examine the relationship between the 2008 and 2015 economic crisis and children's physical activity (PA) outcomes, eating behaviors and obesity prevalence, while considering sex inequalities and familial socioeconomic status.MethodThis is a cross‐sectional study, including data collected in 2016/2017 among 5134 children aged 6–11 years (mean age: 8.11 ± 1.24; 50.0% boys). Children's height, weight, and waist circumference were objectively measured. Children's sleep‐ and screen‐time, participation in organized sports, and specific dietary habits were reported parental‐reported using a standardized questionnaire. An economic crisis impact score, with data from 10 indicators of economic needs in the family, was used to characterize the crisis' impact.ResultsFirst, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in children whose families had a higher impact of the crisis. Second, children's intake of fruit and high‐fat food, screen‐time, sleep‐time, and participation in organized sports differed according to the level of impact of the economic crisis. Third, the association between health‐related behaviors and the impact of the economic crisis was stronger for girls compared to boys.ConclusionOur findings give us an indication of how economic crises may drive changes in health outcomes.
Influence of the parallel oil‐secondary air and F‐layer secondary air distribution on the flow, combustion, and NOx generation characteristics of FW down‐fired boilers retrofitted with a stable combustion technology
Authors: Du He , Li Zhengqi , Liu Zheng , Zhang Mingdi , Chen Zhichao , Song Jian , Fang Fan , Xiao Ronghua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo further reduce the NOx emissions of the down‐fired boiler while improving its low‐load stable combustion capacity, a new low NOx combustion organization mode that utilizes the high velocity parallel oil‐secondary air to improve the pulverized coal combustion process was proposed based on a novel stable combustion technology. We carried out cold airflow experiments under different oil‐secondary air and F‐layer secondary air distributions (mass flow rate ratios of 1:9, 1:3, 2:3) based on a 300 MWe Foster Wheeler down‐fired boiler to study its influence on the flow and mixing characteristics of the coal/airflow. Results show that the mixing between the oil‐secondary air and the fuel‐rich coal/airflow is gradually delayed with the increase of the secondary air distribution. When the secondary air distribution reaches more than 2:3, the oil‐secondary air starts to become the dominant airflow that influences the whole flow field in the furnace. Based on the result of the cold airflow experiment, we carried out industrial measurements under different parallel oil‐secondary air and F‐layer secondary air distributions (4:6, 5:5, 6:4) on a 600 MWe FW down‐fired boiler under the condition of using the high velocity oil‐secondary air. The ignition distance of the fuel‐rich coal/airflow, the flue gas temperature, the O2, CO, and NOx concentrations in the furnace were measured. At the secondary air distribution of 4:6, the ignition distance of the fuel‐rich coal/airflow was about 1.31 m. When the secondary air distribution was increased to 5:5 and 6:4, the ignition was put off, but the pulverized coal/airflow could still catch on fire in time. With the increase of the parallel oil‐secondary air proportion, the flame center in the furnace did not move downward substantially. In three cases, the lowest O2 concentrations in the inspection port area under the burner were all below 1% (peak CO concentration values were all above 28,000 ppm). The pulverized coal all burned in a strong reducing atmosphere. At secondary air distributions of 4:6, 5:5, and 6:4, NOx emissions of the boiler were, respectively, 825.83, 819.48, and 853.86 mg/Nm3 (O2 = 6%). The thermal efficiency was, respectively, 90.09%, 89.16%, and 90.98%. In actual operation, the recommended secondary air distribution is 6:4.
Synthesis and characterization g‐C3N4‐doped PMMA polymeric nanocomposites films for electronic and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Muhammed Mervat I. , Yahia Ibrahim S. , Farid Abir S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSolution casting was used to synthesis polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanoparticles in various percentages (0.033, 0.166, 0.33, 1.665, and 3.3 wt%). XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of PMMA/C3N4 nanocomposites. Optical constants are obtained at room temperature in the 200–2500 nm wavelength range. The optical band gaps of PMMA/C3N4 doped films, both direct and indirect, are measured and have values change from 4.8 to 2.32 eV for and changes from 5 to 3.7 eV for . The refractive index values of the materials were also calculated using Moss, Reddy, Anani, and Kumar‐Singh relationships with average values vary from (2.109 to 2.529) and vary from 2.155 to 2.32 for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC electrical conductivity at RT and the g‐C3N4 doping level was examined as frequency variables from 100 to 1 MHz. In consideration of Jonscher's universal power law, the variation of σAC with frequency was examined. The addition of C3N4 appears to raise the σAC of the studied films, making them attractive for semiconductor applications. According to the optical limiting results, the samples doped with g‐C3N4 are severely attenuated for the laser beam of 638.2 nm. PMMA doped with g‐C3N4 is a viable contender for electronic and optoelectronic applications, particularly laser power reduction.
Morphology evolution of self‐same nanocomposites hybridized with jumbo‐sized particles
Authors: Asghari Arpatappeh Farzin , Manga Emel , Bilge Kaan , Aydemir Berk Emre , Gülgün Mehmet Ali , Papila Melih 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article reports the production, morphological analyzes, and application of electrospun self‐same nanocomposites with milled carbon fibers (MCFs). The new hybridized structure was also incorporated into conventional fiber reinforced epoxy composites with improved properties. The MCF‐hybridized polymeric nonwoven mats were formed with the simultaneous dual electrospinning of a soften‐able (m‐phase) and a crosslink‐able (x‐phase) variants of poly(styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate). The morphology of the hybrid material was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that electrospinning can successfully deposit reinforcing particles of giant size (MCFs are 7 μm in diameter, 50 μm to 3 mm in length) compared to the diameter of the carrier nanofibers (nanometers). The new hybrid structure preserved the fibrous morphology of the polymer phases up to 250°C. The overall morphology of the hybrid composite was tunable by changing the fractions of the two polymeric phases. The particle‐polymer hybrid structures created morphologies that might find applications in various areas such as the interlayer toughening of laminated composites. It was shown that m‐phase/MCF@x‐phase nonwoven integrated into epoxy matrix composite laminates as interlayer, increased the strain at failure and ultimate strength under tensile loading by 11% and 9%, respectively.
Ökobilanzierung adaptiver Hüllen und Strukturen
Authors: Borschewski David , Albrecht Stefan , Bischoff Manfred , Blandini Lucio , Bosch Matthias , Dazer Martin , Efinger Dshamil , Eisenbarth Christina , Haase Walter , Kreimeyer Matthias , Leistner Philip , Nitzlader Markus , Roth Daniel , Sawodny Oliver , van den Adel Friederike , Voigt Michael , Weber Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie Bilanzierung von Umweltwirkungen spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entwicklung nachhaltiger und umweltfreundlicher Technologien und Konzepte. Dies gilt auch in der Entwicklung von Gebäuden mit adaptiven Hüllen und Strukturen und stellt darüber hinaus weitreichende Anforderungen an alle beteiligten Disziplinen. Die vollständige Integration der Ökobilanzierung in den Planungs‐ und Auslegungsprozess ermöglicht, Umweltwirkungen als Optimierungsgrößen in den komplexen, dynamischen Berechnungswerkzeugen einzusetzen. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse des SFB 1244 bescheinigen adaptiven Tragwerken und Fassaden großes Potenzial zur Einsparung von Ressourcen und Umweltwirkungen. Die ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweise, sowohl in Bezug auf den Lebenszyklus als auch auf die interdisziplinären Wechselwirkungen, stellt sicher, dass die relevanten Effekte und Einflüsse in der Bilanzierung berücksichtigt werden. Das stellt die Methode der Ökobilanzierung selbst jedoch vor neue Herausforderungen im Umgang mit einer Vielzahl an Varianten und den umfangreichen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Auslegung und Einflüssen auf Parameter in der Nutzungsphase, wie z. B. den Energieverbrauch oder die Lebensdauer.
DISC1 inhibits GSK3β activity to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation under diabetic encephalopathy
Authors: Chen Jiehui , Liu Yong , Zhou Keru , Zhang Wei , Wen Bin , Xu Kai , Liu Yazhou , Chen Ling , Huang Yue , He Benhong , Hang Weijian , Chen Juan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in those patients with long T2D history. Persistent high glucose (HG) stimulation leads to neuron damage and manifests like Alzheimer's disease's pathological features such as neurofilament tangle. However, the precise mechanism of high‐glucose‐induced tau hyperphosphorylation is not fully revealed. We here gave evidence that Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein (DISC1) could interact with glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and inhibit its activity to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation. By using DB/DB mice as animal model and HG‐treated N2a cell as cell model, we found that DISC1 was downregulated both in vivo and in vitro, complicated with Tau hyperphosphorylation and GSK3β activation. Further, we identified DISC1 interacted with GSK3β by its 198th–237th amino acid residues. Overexpression of full length DISC1 but not mutated DISC1 lacking this domain could prevent HG induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Taken together, our work revealed DISC1 could be an important negative modulators of tau phosphorylation, and suggested that preservation of DISC1 could prevent HG induced neuron damage.
Role of SNAP‐25 MnlI variant in impaired working memory and brain functions in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Fang Diangang , Yang Binrang , Wang Peng , Mo Tong , Gan Yungen , Liang Guohua , Huang Rong , Zeng Hongwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by working memory (WM) deficits. The MnlI variant (rs3746544) of the synaptosomal‐associated protein 25 (SNAP‐25) gene is associated with ADHD. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of SNAP‐25 MnlI variant in cognitive impairment and brain functions in boys with ADHD.MethodWe performed WM capacity tests using the fourth version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐IV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis for the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 56 boys with ADHD divided into two genotypic groups (TT homozygotes and G‐allele carriers). Next, Spearman's rank correlation analysis between the obtained ReHo values and the WM index (WMI) calculated for each participant.ResultsCompared with G‐allele carrier group, there were higher ReHo values for the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and higher WM capacity in TT homozygote group. Contrary to TT homozygote group, the WM capacity was negatively correlated with the peak ReHo value for the left mPFC in G‐allele carrier group.ConclusionThese findings suggest that SNAP‐25 MnlI variant may underlie cognitive and brain function impairments in boys with ADHD, thus suggesting its potential as a new target for ADHD treatment.
Clinical outcomes of curative surgical resection of peritoneal metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Bang Kyunghye , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Tae Won , Kim Sun Young , Lim Seok‐Byung , Park In Ja , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Hong Yong Sang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionColorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis (PM) has been considered a non‐curative disease. PM is associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and worse prognosis compared with metastasis at other sites. We aimed to investigate the treatment outcome and recurrence after curative resection of colorectal PM during a long‐term follow‐up.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with colorectal PM and underwent surgery between December 2001 and December 2019 were included (n = 309). Curative resection was defined as PM resection without residual disease after surgery (complete macroscopic resection).ResultsOf 309 patients, 208 (67.8%) had PM as an initially metastatic disease. Curative (R0/1) resection was achieved in 155 (50.2%) patients, while non‐curative operation (R2 resection or palliative operation including colostomy) was performed in 154 (49.8%) patients. Compared with patients who underwent non‐curative operation, those with curative resection more often had a single PM on preoperative imaging (34.2% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.011) and postoperative results (59.4% vs. 22.7%, p < 0.001) and less often had concurrent metastasis (distant lymph node, liver, or lung) at the time of surgery (p < 0.001). During a median follow‐up of 90.4 months, 80.6% (125/155) patients had recurrence in the curative resection group; the peritoneum was the most common site (56.0%). The median OS was 47.7 months (95% CI, 39.2–56.2) in the curative resection group and 24.8 months (95% CI, 20.8–28.9) in the non‐curative resection group, respectively (p < 0.001). In particular, twenty‐six patients without recurrence showed long‐term survival after curative resection (median OS, 87.1 months; range, 40.1–127.5).ConclusionSurgical resection can be considered for selected patients with colorectal PM because a significant number of them could seize the cure changes during their treatment continuum.
Impairment of kidney function and kidney cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Yifei , Yang Yong , Fu Tingting , Lin Ling , Zhang Xingming , Guo Qiong , Chen Zhenglong , Liao Banghua , Huang Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany observational epidemiology studies discovered that kidney cancer and impaired kidney function have a bidirectional relationship. However, it remains unclear whether these two kinds of traits are causally linked. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bidirectional causal relation between kidney cancer and kidney function biomarkers (creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcrea), cystatin C‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum urate, and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR)).MethodsFor both directions, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as genetic instruments, for the five kidney function traits were selected from up to 1,004,040 individuals, and SNPs for kidney cancer were from 408,786 participants(1338 cases). In the main analysis, we applied two state‐of‐the‐art MR methods, namely, contamination mixture and Robust Adjusted Profile Score to downweight the effect of weak instrument bias, pleiotropy, and extreme outliers. We additionally conducted traditional MR analyses as sensitivity analyses. Summary‐level data of European ancestry were extracted from UK Biobank, Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics Consortium, and Kaiser Permanente.ResultsBased on 99 SNPs, we found that the eGFRcrea had a significant negative causal effect on the risk of kidney cancer (OR = 0.007, 95% CI:2.6 × 10−4–0.569, p = 0.041). After adjusting for body composition or diabetes, urate had a significant negative causal effect on kidney cancer (OR <1, p < 0.05). For UACR, it showed a strong causal effect on kidney cancer, after adjusting for body composition (OR = 14.503, 95% CI: 2.546–96.001, p = 0.032). Due to lacking significant signals and effect power for the reverse MR, further investigations are warranted.ConclusionsOur study suggested a potential causal effect of damaged kidney function on kidney cancer. EGFRcrea and UACR might be causally associated with kidney cancer, especially when patients were comorbid with obesity or diabetes. We called for larger sample‐size studies to further unravel the underlying causal relationship and the exact mechanism.
Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma incidence and survival in the United States: An assessment of 5656 cases, 2001–2017
Authors: McEvoy Matthew T. , Siegel David A. , Dai Shifan , Okcu Mehmet Fatih , Zobeck Mark , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, past epidemiology studies of this malignancy used data that covered <30% of the US population. Therefore, we evaluated RMS incidence using data from U.S. Cancer Statistics (USCS) and survival trends using the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), which covers 100% and 94% of the U.S. population, respectively.MethodsIncidence and survival were assessed for pediatric patients diagnosed with RMS during 2003–2017 and 2001–2016, respectively. Both demographic and clinical variables were evaluated. Age‐adjusted incidence rates, average annual percent change (AAPC), and 5‐year relative survival (RS) were calculated, all with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical variables on survival.ResultsWe identified 5656 primary RMS cases in USCS during 2003–2017. The age‐adjusted incidence rate was 4.58 per 1 million (95% CI: 4.46–4.70) with an AAPC of 0.3% (95% CI: −0.7 to 1.2%). In NPCR, 5‐year RS for all cases was 68.0% (95% CI: 66.6–69.3%). In multivariable analyses, non‐Hispanic (NH) Black cases had worse survival compared with NH White cases (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.33).ConclusionThe incidence and survival rates were stable in the largest and most comprehensive population‐based analysis for pediatric RMS cases in the U.S. Additionally, we observed a survival disparity among NH Black cases. Findings from this study could inform interventions to address disparities, risk stratification strategies, and clinical trial design.