bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine Free Herbal Composition for Smoking De-Addiction - A Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Randomized, Multi-centric Clinical Study
Authors: Tamoli Sanjay , Harit Mahesh Kumar , Mundhe Narendra , Pande Shishir , Damle Neena , Chavan Sheetal , Kamde Rahul , Pawar Vinay , Mahadik Swapnali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Smoking is a major predisposing factor for many health problems including Cancers, Vascular disorders etc. Quitting smoking is the only solution to prevent them. Various medicinal and non-medicinal methods are used for the same. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nicotine free herbal formulation (Smotect tablets) containing ingredients like Mucuna pruriens, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri etc. for cessation of smoking and its effects on other health parameters related to smoking. Study Design: The present study was a placebo controlled, double blind, randomized, multi-centric clinical study conducted at three clinical sites in India.Methods: After ethical approval and informed consent, all participants were given nicotine free herbal composition - Smotect Tablets or Placebo tablets in a dose of 2 tablets twice daily for 90 days. A total of 103 Participants (52 in trial group and 51 in placebo group) completed the study. Evaluation of cessation of smoking was done along with other parameters like measurement of lung capacity, clinical assessment and laboratory investigations at baseline and at regular intervals till the end of the study.Results: A significant reduction in smoking as well as in the CO and COHb levels was observed with the use of Smotect tablets as compared to placebo over a period of 90 days. Significant improvement was also observed in quality of life, energy and stamina levels, reduction of stress level. Smotect tablets were found to be safe without causing any adverse effects. Conclusion: Smotect tablets, a nicotine free herbal composition, can be recommended as a safe and effective remedy for de-addiction of smoking along with improving health related problems arising due to smoking.
Exercise Capacity in Patients with Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum: Does the type of Surgical Repair matter?
Authors: Konduri Anusha , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Sri Chenni , Mahadin Deemah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Two standard surgical palliative options for neonates born with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) include uni-or biventricular repair. Whenever feasible, the biventricular repair is considered to have better exercise capacity (XC) and outcomes. However, there is a paucity of data comparing objective XC between these two surgical techniques.
Objective
To compare XC, including longitudinal changes in patients with PA/IVS following uni-biventricular repair.
Methods
This is a single-center retrospective study of survivors with repaired PA/IVS who underwent comprehensive treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Initial and latest exercise parameters were compared for longitudinal analysis. Patients with 1.5 ventricular repair, pacemaker, or incomplete data were excluded. Demographic and exercise parameters were collated. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 in ml/kg/min), an indicator of maximal aerobic capacity, peak heart rate, and other measures of spirometry performed at the same time were collected. Recorded parameters included, a) Percentage of predicted VO2 (%VO2) normalized for age, weight, height, and gender, b) % oxygen (O2) pulse, c) anaerobic threshold (AT), d) Chronotropic Index (CI), e) % Breathing reserve, f) Forced Vital capacity (FVC), g) % Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), and h) Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Appropriate statistical tests were performed, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Thirty-five patients (43% male, 57% univentricular repair) underwent the latest exercise stress test at a mean (SD) age of 20.1 ± 7.5 years. There were no statistical differences in baseline demographic/clinical parameters between the two groups (univentricular (n = 20) vs. biventricular repair (n = 15)). Patients with univentricular palliation demonstrated significantly lower peak heart rate, chronotropic index (0.50 ± 0.2 vs. 0.90 ± 0.1, p = 0.02), and %FVC (78.3 ± 8.3 vs. 88.6 ± 15.1, p = 0.02). The % VO2 was similar between the groups (68.4 ± 21.4 vs. 81.2 ± 18.9, p = 0.07). Longitudinal data was available for 11 patients in each group, and there was no longitudinal decline in their exercise parameters over similar intermediate follow-up duration (6.8 (UV) vs. 5.3 (BV) years).
Conclusions
Young survivors with PA/IVS with prior univentricular palliation demonstrated an objective impairment in their chronotropic parameters compared with the biventricular repair. However, this did not translate into a significant difference in their exercise capacity. There was no longitudinal decline in exercise capacity or other parameters over intermediate follow-up.
Direct Comparison Two Fixed-ratio Combination Glucagon-like Peptide Receptor Agonist and Basal Insulin on Glycemic and Non Glycemic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Risovic Ivona , Dumanovic Mirjana Sumarac , Bojic Mirjana , Djekic Danijel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Two types of fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin and a glucagon-like protein-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) have been approved for use in type 2 diabetes. One is insulin degludec/liraglutide(iDergLira), and the other is insulin glargine/lixisenatide (iGlarLixi). Direct comparisons between these two combination is not available. Methods: The retrospective study included 186 patients with type 2 DM and who were switched to fixed-ratio combination GLP-1 RA and basal insulin: group I-iDegLIra ( n=86) and group II –iGlarLixi ( n= 99). The aim of this study was to direct compare the effect between two fixed – ratio combination on glycemic parameters and non glycemic parameters. Follow up was 6 months. Results: Mean HbA1c decreased similarly (-1.2% vs.-1.1%). Higher percentage patients in iDegLira group had reached the HbA1c<7% after 6 months ( 22% vs. 18.2%, p<0.05). The mean change in FPG was comparable for the two groups, while mean decrease PPG level were lower in iGlarLixi group (2 vs 1.8 mmol/l, p>0.05). Change in body weight were significant difference in iDegLira group (1.8 kg vs. 0.7 kg, p<0.001). At the end of the study patients showed decreased in total cholesterol and LDL for 0.2 mmol/L in iDegLira, 0.1 mmol/l in iGlarLixi, tryglicerids for 0.3 mmol/l in both groups, increase HDL for 0.1 mm/l in iGlarLixi. Conclusion: Our results showed that more patients with iDegLira had HbA1c less than 7% and these combination had better effect on weight loss. There were no difference on FPG and PPG, lipid profile and rate of hypoglycemia.
Rhizosphere adaptations of Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plants
Authors: K.K Ambily 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rhizosphere which is an important zone of nutrient changes and nutrient activity of plants which governs the nutrient release and uptake for plant growth. Rhizosphere chemical activity is species specific and the changes are in the immediate vicinity of roots. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), the important source of natural rubber latex generally growing in acidic conditions is a major crop for economic returns in the major rubber growing countries viz. Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Vietnam and India. Repeated cultivation, heavy rainfall and topographic conditions contribute acidification of soils that limits the crop growth and productivity. The present attempt was to know the rhizosphere adaptations of rubber plants in three soil pH viz. extremely acidic (pH 4.4), strongly acidic (pH 5.5) and neutral soil (pH 7.4) with varying base status for pH and nutrient availability. Seedlings were raised in polybags and nutrient changes in the rhizosphere at the beginning of the experiment and periodic intervals at three months growth and eight months growth were monitored. It is observed that the extremely acidic pH (pH 4.4) was modified to a pH around 5.1 in the strongly acidic range and the neutral pH (pH 7.4) was reduced to acidic soil of pH 6.2. Soil organic carbon, the major soil health index, was maintained in the medium range as at the initial status in all three soils. The calcium and magnesium content of the extremely acidic pH and strongly acidic pH was improved whereas the very high status of neutral soil was decreased significantly. The Ca and Mg mobilized from the weathering of minerals by the root secretions according to plant demand and also by microbes association like mycorrhiza. Modifications in the availability of other nutrients were also observed. The observed alterations in the rhizosphere is an evidence of specific rhizosphere adaptations/modifications in the rubber plants for extremely varying soil conditions. In extremely acidic soil alkalization and in neutral soil, acidification was found when rubber seedlings were grown for eight months. However the fact that the strongly acidic soil (pH 5.5) does not change, indicates that the pH near 5.5 is favorable for the growth of rubber seedlings. Per cent change in rhizosphere pH and nutrient availability was different in three soils. The relative change in nutrient flux with pH change showed an increase in pH 4.4 soil. The study indicated that specific adaptations are operating in the rhizosphere in natural rubber plants to modify the pH and nutrient availability for initial establishment and growth.
Cytokine Hub Classification of PASC, ME-CFS and other PASC-like Conditions
Authors: Patterson Bruce K. , Guevara-Coto Jose , Francisco Edgar B. , Yogendra Ram , Parikh Purvi , Mora-Rodríguez Rodrigo A , Mora Javier , Beaty Christopher , Kaplan Gary , Katz Amiram , Bellanti Joseph A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is a growing healthcare and economic concern affecting as many as 10%-30% of those infected with COVID-19. Though the symptoms have been well-documented, they significantly overlap with other common chronic inflammatory conditions which could confound treatment and therapeutic trials.
Methods
A total of 236 patients including 64 with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), 50 with myalgic encephalomyelitis-chronic fatigue syndrome (ME-CFS), 29 with post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD), and 42 post-vaccine individuals with PASC-like symptoms (POVIP) were enrolled in the study. We performed a 14-plex cytokine/chemokine panel previously described to generate raw data that was normalized and run in a decision tree model using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm. The algorithm was used to classify these conditions in distinct groups despite their similar symptoms.
Results
PASC, ME-CSF, POVIP, and Acute COVID-19 disease categories were able to be classified by our cytokine hub based CART algorithm with an average F1 score of 0.61 and high specificity (94%).
Conclusions
Proper classification of these inflammatory conditions with very similar symptoms is critical for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Chemical-Data-Driven Validation of Physical Theories of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Uchida Yoshiaki , Kaji Shizuo , Nakano Naoto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Physicists have established a general approach for explaining the phase transition behavior using order parameters in phenomenological theories. Order parameters are generally accounted for by single molecular properties in mean-field theories. Such theories build on physicists’ hypotheses, which are validated by agreement between the observed and predicted values, such as the theoretical estimation of phase transition temperatures. In this study, we report chemical-data-driven methods for finding and scrutinizing physical assumptions on which physical theories are based. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology by validating the assumption of the widely accepted phenomenological Landau theory for liquid-crystalline (LC) phases, wherein the symmetry of the lower-temperature phase explains phase transition. Furthermore, our method suggests that the importance of molecular flexibility is underestimated in the major mean-field theories for LC phases, compared with the widely incorporated molecular shape and intermolecular electrostatic interactions.
Autotuned Classification Based on Knowledge Transferred from Self-supervised Models
Authors: Kishore Jaydeep , Mukherjee Snehasis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the recent advancements of deep learning-based methods in image classification, the requirement of a huge amount of training data is inevitable to avoid overfitting problems. Moreover, supervised deep learning models require labeled datasets. Preparing such a huge amount of labeled data takes a lot of human effort and time. In this scenario, self-supervised models are becoming popular because of their ability to learn even from unlabelled datasets. This paper presents a method to automatically tune the hyperparameters of a self-supervised model for image classification. The learned features are transferred from a self-supervised model to a set of Fully Connected (FC) layer, where the hyperparameters related to the architecture are tuned. A softmax layer is used following the FC layers for classification. The hyperparameters such as the number of layers, number of units in each layer, learning rate, dropout, and optimizer are automatically tuned in these FC layers, using a Bayesian optimization technique called the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Approach (TPE) algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, state-of-the-art self-supervised models such as Simclr and SWAV are used to extract the learned features. Experiments are carried out on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Tiny Imagenet datasets. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Clinical Characteristics of Intracranial Aneurysms in Elderly Patents over 70 Years Old: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Wen Dingke , Xiao Anqi , Guo Rui , You Chao , Liu Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the characteristics of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in different age groups have been well documented, they remain relatively unclear in elderly patients due to a lack of large sample studies.
Methods
Data from IA patients aged more than 70 years who were treated in our centre from January 2016 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected.
Results
A total of 290 elderly patients (75.9% female) with a mean age of 74.0 ± 4.7 years were analysed. Rupture occurred in 60.7% of patients, 38.6% of whom presented with meningeal irritation, and seizures were noted in 2.3%. A total of 48.9% of the patients with ruptured IAs had initial symptoms presenting with slow development, and the mean delay from ictus was prolonged to 264.2 ± 914.0 hours. In addition, 61.9% of the patients with ruptured IAs had lesions with a maximum diameter of less than 5 mm. A total of 30.3% of the patients had multiple aneurysms, 35.5% had aneurysms with irregular shapes and 54.8% had cerebrovascular atherosclerotic stenosis (CAS). Pulmonary infection (n = 138, 47.6%), hydrocephalus (n = 72, 24.8%), and thrombosis (n = 35, 12.1%) were common complications during hospitalization. By the end of the 1-year follow-up, 22.1% of the patients had unfavourable clinical outcomes, and the mortality rate was 23.4%.
Conclusions
Several characteristics regarding IAs in elderly patients were reported, including an obvious female predominance; mild, slow initial symptom development causing prolonged admission delay; a low incidence of meningeal irritation and seizures due to decreased electrophysiological activity of the neurons; increased percentages of CAS, multiple aneurysms, and aneurysms with daughter sacs causing a high risk of rupture even for small lesions; a high risk of complications during hospitalization; and relatively poor clinical outcomes.
Structural changes in shocked tektite and their implications to impact-induced glass formation
Authors: Sekine Toshimori , Tobase Tsubasa , Zhang Youjun , Kitahara Ginga , Yoshiasa Akira , Sato Tomoko , Kobayashi Takamichi , Mori Akihisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeavy meteorite impacts on Earth’s surface produce melt and vapor that are quenched rapidly and scattered over wide areas as natural glasses with various shapes and characteristic chemistry, which are known as tektites and impact glasses. Their detailed formation conditions have long been debated using mineralogical and geochemical data and numerical simulations of impact melt formations. These impact processes are also related to the formation and evolution of planets. To unravel the formation conditions of impact-induced glasses, we performed shock recovery experiments on a tektite. Recovered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy on the Ti K-edge. Results indicate that the densification by shock compression is subjected to post-shock annealing that alters the density and silicate-framework structures but that the local structures around octahedrally coordinated Ti ions remain in the quenched glass. The relationship between the average Ti-O distance and Ti K pre-edge centroid energy is found to distinguish the valance state of Ti ions between Ti4+ and Ti3+ in the glass. This relationship is useful in understanding the formation conditions of impact-derived natural glasses. The presence of Ti3+ in tektites constrains the formation conditions at extremely high temperatures or reduced environments. However, impact glasses collected near the impact sites do not display such conditions, but instead relatively mild and oxidizing formation conditions. These different formation conditions are consistent with the previous numerical results on the crater size dependence.
Development of a new comprehensive framework for the evaluation of leak management components and practices
Authors: Bozkurt Cansu , Firat Mahmut , Ateş Abdullah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeaks cause significant operational problems in water distribution systems (WDSs). The methods for managing leaks are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, the suitability and applicability of water loss management (WLM) methods should be analyzed. In this study, a new comprehensive framework was proposed using the scoring table to evaluate and highlight the reliability of data and to analyze the current application level of leakage management practices in WDSs. The developed framework consists of 60 sub-components determined to cover the WLM practices. A scoring structure was created to analyze these sub-components in measurable criteria. The developed framework was applied to three pilot administrations, and the results were discussed. The data quality (quite good, good, doubtful, poor, and quite poor) is classified according to the application level of the leakage management practices. The data quality of leakage management components and the application levels of practices are at good level in Administrations I and II and at moderate level in Administration III. The weaknesses and strengths in administrations were defined in the scope of leakage management, and the components that need improvement are determined dynamically. This framework will provide more accurate data for sustainable leakage management in the administration and make field applications more systematic.
Flash flood inundation assessment for an arid catchment, case study at Wadi Al Jizzi, Oman
Authors: Abushandi Eyad , Al Sarihi Moza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Lack of high-resolution data and inappropriate integration of different data sources make modelling flash flood even more complicated. The IHACRES and AHP models were used to estimate floods for the period 1987 to 2007 for Wadi Al Jizzi arid catchment. The IHACRES model results showed that the average simulated flood was 0.36 m3/s, while that observed for all flood storms was 0.30 m3/s. The average readjusted AHP Simulated Flood for three statically defined clusters: low, moderate, and high rainfall was 3.55, 3.20, and 3.75 m3/s, respectively. The average observed flooding for low, moderate, and high rainfall were 3.23, 1.54, 3.07 m3/s. Pearson correlation between observed and simulated flood showed significant values for IHACRES and AHP with a range of 0.84 and 0.89 respectively. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of the IHACRES model was 0.78, while it shows a good performance for low and high AHP re-adjusted values, which was 0.81 and 0.82.
Adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous streams using photocatalytic CuBTC/ZnO chitosan composites
Authors: Dindorkar Shreyas S. , Patel Raj Vardhan , Yadav Anshul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a CuBTC/ZnO chitosan composite was synthesized for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous streams. Characterization techniques, namely, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques, were used to characterize CuBTC, ZnO, and CuBTC/ZnO chitosan composites. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed the rough and porous structures of the CuBTC/ZnO chitosan composite. The composites were tested for the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency towards the methylene blue dye by varying adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, pH, and contact time. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models were the best fit for the adsorption of methylene blue on CuBTC/ZnO chitosan composite beads, indicating that the adsorption was monolayer and chemical in nature. The equilibrium dose of the composites was 1.6 g L−1, and the contact time was 90 min with a removal efficiency of 98.75%. The maximum adsorption capacity was 50.07 mg g−1. Regeneration of the composites was performed to check the reusability of the synthesized CuBTC/ZnO chitosan composite beads. The active oxygenated species generated by the photocatalytic action of ZnO on the contaminated water was responsible for the degradation of methylene blue. The reported composite beads can be used for up to 5 cycles to remove methylene blue.
Bullying no contexto escolar
Authors: Jardim Koenigkam Eduardo , De Lemos Gonçalves Heloysa , De Souza Fernandes Crahim Suely Cristina 
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o Bullying, de sua origem até seus efeitos e impactos sociais, demonstrando as consequências dessa anomalia social que tem repercutido na vida de qualquer criança em sua fase escolar. Tal temática vai além dos processos pedagógicos, pois atinge degraus de natureza psicológica, pormenorizados pelos princípios da ciência do comportamento humano. As atitudes do ser humano se refletem constantemente nas diversas esferas da realidade cultural e social, provocando reações, muitas vezes estimuladas pelo meio ou seu histórico de vida. A psicologia em si, possui respostas capazes de promover ótimos resultados, dos quais já estão sendo praticados em muitas partes do mundo, pois o Bullying é um problema que se tornou mundialmente peculiar às instituições escolares, sendo impossível desvincular os eventos ocorridos nas escolas dos históricos de vida dos estudantes, pois o praticante do Bullying, o buller, tem em suas vítimas uma maneira de refletir suas mazelas e dores emocionais vividas em seu passado, ou dependendo da situação, identifica-se sérios problemas vividos pelo praticante em tempo real. Várias investigações promovidas por psicólogos junto aos profissionais da educação estão sendo realizadas com grande êxito, onde conseguem elencar futuras soluções para modificar o quadro de insegurança nos ambientes escolares. Uma sociedade vulnerável aos problemas socioeconômicos e culturais de uma determinada região, pode resultar em anomalias sérias e muitas vezes irreversíveis.