bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A benchmarking program to support software process improvement adaptation in a developing country, a Pakistan case
Authors: Hani Umema , Khan Khalid , Amjad Usman , Zaman Jhanjhi Noor , Latif Ayub , Zia Saood 
Published: April 2022

Background
Standardization of software development processes using the software process improvement (SPI) frameworks like capability maturity model integration (CMMI) or the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are vital for better performance and defect-free delivery of software engineering projects.

Problem
The studies from developing countries show that the organizations are unable to get the desired SPI benefits during early adaptation due to lack of benchmarking initiatives. These initiative needed bridging of the gap between major software engineering fields such as project performance, productivity, and SPI measurement metrics like effort, schedule, cost, productivity, quality, and customer satisfaction.

Method
This research quantifies SPI benefits by bridging the existing gaps and identifying a commonly defined set of 44 significant base metrics related to ESCPQC and applies a conceptual framework over the collected data of 62 projects from three leading software organizations.

Result
The results have quantified the “the introduction of change effect” and showed that the adaptation of SPI has shown SPI benefits like improved quality, customer satisfaction, and effort. In contrast, schedule metrics showed a high reduction at level 3 and again increased at high maturity levels values. The last benefits are communicated following a trustable mechanism.
Phytochemical, Pasting and Proximate Composition of Improved Weaning Food
Authors: Izuwa Iwanegbe , Patience Yakubu , Bola Olowo Helen 
Published: April 2022

Aim: Phytochemical, proximate, and pasting qualities of weaning food processed from grains, legumes along with vegetables were examined in this study.
Methods: Fermented maize, defatted soybean and carrot powder were combined at different proportions. Phytochemical, pasting, and nutritive composition were evaluated using standard procedures.
Results: The results showed that Flavonoid and tannin were very low, ranging from 2.07 mg/ 100 g-0.02 mg/100 g and 2.05 mg/100 g-0.02 mg/100 g respectively. Fermented maize had the least flavonoids (0.02 mg/100 g) and tannin (0.02 mg/100 g). This was followed by carrot, which had flavonoid 0.63 mg/100 g and Tannin 0.63 mg/100 g, the highest was defatted soybean with flavonoid 2.07 mg/100 g and tannin 2.05 mg/100 g in that increasing order. Sample A which was fermented maize, had the highest saponin (21.43%). Next was carrot i.e. sample C (7.51%). The least saponin recorded was in defatted soybean sample B (3.56%). Sample A showed the highest (2208cP) peak viscosity and was followed by B (1473cP), D (903.0cP), C (781.0cP), and E (408cP) in that decreasing order. The breakdown viscosity ranged from 97cP to 923cP. The highest break down viscosity was sample A (923cP), followed by sample B (500cP), sample D sample C (206cP), and sample E (97cP). The highest final viscosity (FV) was observed in sample A (2099cp), next was sample B (1535cp), sample D (1058cp), sample C (936cp), while the least was sample E (522cp). The moisture content ranged from 7.91-11.05%. Sample E had the least moisture (7.91%), next was C (9.45%), A (9.68%), D (10.21%) and B (11.05%) in that increasing order.
Conclusion and Recommendation: It was obvious from this study that fermented maize when used as weaning food increases the starch digestibility as well as the pasting properties of weaning foods. Hence, maize should be fermented before it is used as a weaning food.
Analysis of Relationship among Bmi and Activity of Daily Living in Homecare Individuals
Authors: Rauf Huda , Rasheed Sidra , Raza Ali , Zulfiqar Saba , Jami Muhammad Anas Waheed , Haq Inzamamul 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Obesity has been linked to a variety of chronic diseases. Numerous researchers have discovered that having a high BMI is connected with substantial morbidity and mortality in the aged. As a result, obesity or being overweight may have a negative effect on everyday life. The main aim of our current research remained to look at association among BMI and Action of Everyday Living in Homecare Individuals.
Methods: The data for 2019 from Allied Hospital Faisalabad's homecare unit. During this time, 1125 students come to this clinic. Subjects who were unconscious or bedridden (hemiplegia, hemiparesis, and tetra paresis), as well as those with insufficient information, were eliminated from the research. As a result, the study was finished with 260 files including all of information required for our research. Age, ethnicity, BMI, and Barthel Index values have been entered into the statistical analysis software; p0.06 was deemed statistically substantial.
Results: One hundred fifty-one (61.5%) comprised females, while 97 (38.7%) were males. Age and sex, weight, and Disease activity index scores had no strong correlations. Weight and Barthel index scores had a strong positive connection, as did BMI and Barthel index scores (r = 0.196; p = 0.004). The cases remained separated into two sets: Unit I (low weight for height and normal weight) in addition Class Ii (obese and obese) (overweight and obese). Group II had significantly greater capacity to execute Activities of Daily Living than Group I (p = 0.003).
Conclusion: Many researches claim that overweightness protects in contradiction of activities of everyday living, whereas others claim reverse. Quality and outcomes of BMI and Activity of Daily Living abilities were found in our study, indicating protective benefits. The association among BMI and physical impairment has yet to be shown as linear.
The Formation of Mucociliary Insufficiency in the Bronches on the Role of Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Ishankulova Dilorom Kamarovna 
Published: April 2022

Background: The spectral composition and frequency of viral infections have been studied in frequently and long-term patients with respiratory diseases (PRI), as well as their role in the formation of mucociliary insufficiency. The role of immunosuppressive conditions and mixed infection is emphasized for the occurrence of complications.
Methods: Examined 29 patients with prolonged acute bronchitis (APB); 36 patients with recurrent bronchitis (RB) and 48 patients with chronic bronchitis (CB). The patients underwent general clinical studies according to a single plan adopted in the therapeutic department, as well as virological and immunological studies.
Results: The study of the spectral composition of viral infections in often long-term patients with bronchopulmonary pathology shows a high incidence of active (f = 0.93) and associated viral infections (f = 0.79), which largely determines the nature of the inflammatory process. The pathogenic role of certain viruses, such as influenza A, RS virus, adeno- and coronavirus (f = 0.84; 0.78; 0.77; 0.64), and their associations during the inflammatory process is undoubted. The frequency of respiratory syncytial viral (RS-viral) infection, which is characterized by damage to the deepest parts of the respiratory tract, is high (f = 0.78).
Conclusion: Comparative clinical and virological characteristics of patients made it possible to reveal the undoubted value of persistent in ABZ and RB (f = 0.55; 0.40), as well as chronic in RB (f = 0.15) viral infection, being one of the important causes of recurrent and protracted course of OB, as well as in the formation of altered bronchial reactivity (IRB) in them. A clinical case of a patient with influenza pneumonia is presented.
Novel Combination Immunotherapy and Clinical Activity in Patients With HPV-Associated Cancers
Authors: Floudas Charalampos S. , Goswami Meghali , Donahue Renee N. , Pastor Danielle M. , Redman Jason M. , Brownell Isaac , Turkbey Evrim B. , Cordes Lisa M. , Steinberg Seth M. , Manu Michell , Francis Deneise C. , Lamping Elizabeth , Marté Jennifer L. , Kackley Mary , Krauss Elizabeth , Manukyan Manuk , Jochems Caroline , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L. , Strauss Julius 
Published: February 2025

IMPORTANCEPatients who experience progression of advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers and who have previously received first-line systemic treatment have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical activity of the combination of the HPV type 16 therapeutic vaccine PDS0101, the tumor-targeting interleukin 12 antibody-drug conjugate PDS01ADC, and the bifunctional anti–programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) bintrafusp alfa in advanced HPV-associated cancers.DESIGN, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nonrandomized clinical trial was phase 1/2 and investigator initiated, and was conducted at a single US cancer research center between June 2020 and July 2022. Patients with advanced or metastatic HPV-associated cancers were eligible, including patients who were both immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) naive and ICB resistant. The cutoff date for data analysis was May 13, 2024.INTERVENTIONPatients received 1 mL of PDS0101 subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 6 doses then every 12 weeks for 2 additional doses, PDS01ADC, 16.8 µg/kg, subcutaneously every 4 weeks or PDS01ADC, 8 µg/kg, subcutaneously every 2 weeks, and bintrafusp alfa, 1200 mg, intravenously every 2 weeks.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESObjective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 in ICB-naive patients.RESULTSOf the 50 eligible patients, 26 (52%) were men and the median age was 56 years (range, 28-80 years). The median (IQR) follow-up was 37.7 (30.6-42.0) months. Fourteen patients (28%) were ICB naive, with an ORR of 35.7% (95% CI, 12.8%-64.9%), and median overall survival (OS) 42.4 months (95% CI, 8.3 months-not estimable); in ICB-resistant patients, the ORR was 16.7% (6 of 36 patients; 95% CI, 6.4%-32.8%) and median OS was 15.8 months (95% CI, 9.0-21.3 months). Among patients with HPV-16–positive tumors (37 patients [74%]), in the ICB-naive group (8 patients [21.6%]) the ORR was 62.5% (95% CI, 24.5%-91.5%) and a median OS measure was not reached. Grade 3 and 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 26 of 50 patients (52%). There were no treatment-related deaths.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this trial, the combination of PDS0101, PDS01ADC, and bintrafusp alfa showed an acceptable safety profile and promising antitumor activity and improved OS in patients with HPV-16–positive cancers, in both ICB-naive and ICB-resistant patients, warranting further evaluation of the combination of PDS0101 and PDS01ADC with simultaneous PD-L1/TGF-β inhibition in these populations.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04287868
Impact of acceleration treatment on treatment plan and delivery qualities in tomotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Shirata Ryosuke , Inoue Tatsuya , Ebinuma Yugo , Yamano Akihiro , Yagihashi Takayuki , Nagata Hironori , Minagawa Yumiko , Mukai Yuki , Sato Akiko , Omura Motoko 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAcceleration treatment (AT) is a novel treatment planning parameter introduced in the tomotherapy‐dedicated treatment planning system, Precision. This study explores the effects of AT on tomotherapy plans using helical (TomoHelical) and direct (TomoDirect) irradiation techniques.MethodsThis study enrolled 20 patients with lung cancer. Initially, 10 TomoHelical and 10 TomoDirect treatment plans were created for each patient, utilizing patient‐specific field width and pitch with an AT setting of 0. These original plans were subsequently reoptimized by changing only the AT values to 1, 4, 7, and 10 without changing other calculation parameters to assess the impact of AT on dosimetric and delivery parameters. Additionally, the deliverability of all plans was evaluated through patient‐specific quality assurance using gamma analysis.ResultsIncreasing the AT from 0 to 10 led to a slight increase in maximum doses and a decrease in minimum doses within the target volume, thereby impairing dose homogeneity. Dose conformity to the target also deteriorated. Conversely, target coverage and delivery time improved considerably with higher AT values. Moreover, doses to organs at risk, including the lung, spinal cord, heart, and esophagus, remained clinically acceptable across all plans. Changes in these doses and the gamma pass rate in patient‐specific quality assurance were negligible with variations in AT. This trend was consistent across both delivery techniques.ConclusionAT is a crucial parameter in tomotherapy planning for modulating plan and delivery qualities. Higher AT values can enhance target coverage and delivery time efficiency.
Regulating the Electron Structure of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Enable Excellent Cycle Life and High Rate toward Advanced Zn−I2 Batteries
Authors: Tan Lichao , Wei Jing , Xue Linjiang , Luo Dan , Chen Guangyu , Chu Ying , Wang Jiayi , Zong Kai , Song Xiumei , Yang Lin , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAqueous Zn–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity, high safety, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the poor electrical conductivity of iodine and shuttling of polyiodide limit the cycling life of Zn–I2 batteries. Herein, a polyiodide host material constructed by a trifluoromethyl‐functionalized covalent organic framework (F‐COF) is set to regulate the electronic structure and stable polyiodide shuttle. Strong electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl groups can improve the electrostatic potential and boost adsorption performance. The theoretical results manifest that F‐COF has a high adsorption capacity for polyiodide to inhibit the shuttle effect. In situ Raman spectroscopy shows that I3− and I5− are the main form in the I−/I2 conversion process. Therefore, the F‐COF loaded with iodine (F‐COF‐I2) cathode achieves a specific capacity of 197 mAh g−1 at 1C and a Coulombic efficiency higher than 99.5%. In addition, it has a specific capacity of 112 mAh g−1 and can be stably cycled 40,000 times at 50C. Simultaneously, Zn corrosion can be restricted by F‐COF due to its polyiodide capture capacity. This work opens up a new avenue for the construction of polyiodide host materials with superior durability and electronic structure.
Miniaturized Liquid Metal Composite Circuits with Energy Harvesting Coils for Battery‐Free Bioelectronics and Optogenetics
Authors: Rocha Denis , Lopes Pedro , Peixoto Paulo , de Almeida Aníbal , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOver the past years, rapid progress has been made on soft‐matter electronics for wearable and implantable devices, for bioelectronics and optogenetics. Liquid Metal (LM) based electronics are especially popular, due to their long‐term durability, when subject to repetitive strain cycles. However, one major limitation has been the need for tethering bioelectronics circuits to external power, or the use of rigid bulky batteries. This has motivated a growing interest in wireless energy transfer, which demands circuit miniaturization. However, miniaturization of LM circuits is challenging due to low LM‐substrate adhesion, LM smearing, and challenges on microchip‐interfacing. In this article, these challenges are addressed by high‐resolution laser‐assisted micropatterning of biphasic LM composites and vapor‐assisted LM microchip soldering. Through the development of a search algorithm for optimization of the biphasic ink coil performance, micro coils with trace spacing of 50 µm are designed and implemented that can harvest a significant amount of energy (178 mW cm−2) through near field inductive coupling. Miniaturized soft‐matter circuits with integrated SMD chips such as NFC chips, capacitors, and LEDs that are implemented in a few minutes through laser patterning, and vapor‐assisted soldering. In the context of optogenetics, where lightweight, miniaturized systems are needed to provide optical stimulation, soft coils stand out in terms of their improved conformability and flexibility. Thus, this article explores the applications of soft coils in wearable and implantable devices, with a specific focus on their use in optogenetics.
Stretchable and Leakage‐Free Liquid Metal Networks for Thermal Management
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Lin Jie , Wu Jiawei , Liu Mengxin , Du Peiyao , Xu Ling , Yan Dingxiang , Jia Lichuan , Li Zhongming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStretchable thermally conductive materials (TCMs) are highly desirable for efficient thermal management in wearable electronics. However, yielding stretchable TCMs that can simultaneously achieve superior thermal conductivity (TC) and high stretchability remains challenging owing to the contradiction between their thermal and mechanical behaviors. Herein, the design of a bi‐continuous structure that enables the creation of highly stretchable composites by incorporating liquid metal (LM) within a thermoplastic urethane (TPU) framework, is reported. The continuous TPU framework acts as a load‐bearing skeleton to ensure stretchability, while the LM forms 3D continuous thermal network, providing high‐speed channels for heat conduction. This innovative structure endows the resultant composite with a high out‐plane TC (4.16 W (m K)−1), outstanding stretchability (606%), and extremely stable TC, with a high retention of 92% at 100% strain and after 10 000 stretching‐releasing cycles. The stretchable composite also exhibits excellent leakage‐free behavior, without any LM leakage at a large strain of 400% and under a pressure of 500 kPa. These remarkable comprehensive properties make it a promising stretchable TCM for thermal management in wearable electronics.
Tuning and Understanding of Layered 2D MoS2–MoO3 Interface for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Mallick Sagar , Jena Manasi , Das Biswanath , Mohanty Bibhunanda , Patel Brijesh Kumar , Das Dipti Prakasini , Rath Ashutosh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeterostructures composed of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and transition metal oxides (TMOs) are essential for a wide range of applications, including photocatalysis and optoelectronic devices. The interface between these materials plays a significant role in controlling bandgap, charge carrier dynamics and photocatalytic activity. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a systematic study of interface formation and its impact on these parameters to enhance the efficiency of both photocatalysts and devices. In this work, the synthesis of layered MoO3–MoS2 heterostructure using the two‐step chemical vapor deposition method is reported. The α‐MoO3 is synthesized using vapor trapping technique, followed by sulfurization to form the heterostructure. The interfacial structures and evolution of MoO3 to MoS2 at the interface using XRD, Raman, HRTEM, and XPS are systematically investigated. Density functional theory based on the first‐principle calculations shows that an additional layer, MoOS, within the MoO3–MoS2 heterostructure induces a type‐II band alignment rather than a type‐III alignment. Further, the heterostructure is utilized as a photocatalyst, which shows threefold increase in photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure MoO3, achieving the degradation of 5 ppm MB dye in just 20 min under visible light, with a rate constant of 0.11408 min⁻¹, following a type‐II staggered heterojunction mechanism.
Confined Atomically Mo‐Regulating Co3+ Sites Enhanced Electrocatalytic Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Guan Zhixi , Lin Qian , Chang Yuanyuan , Chou Tao , Guo Daying , Fang Guoyong , Jin Huile , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDesign and construction of stable single‐atom modified catalysts with suppressed deep reconstruction for long‐term durability and highly active targeted catalysis in emains a great challenge. Herein, catalysts with nitrogen/oxygen co‐doped carbon (NOC) encapsulated Mo atomically dispersed at Co3+ sites in Co3O4, are constructed through a directed corrosion strategy. Meanwhile, the NOC confinement maintains the stability of single atoms Mo and promotes the adsorbate evolution into a lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The reconstructed CoOOH is confined by the NOC layer, thus inhibiting its deep reconstruction, and electrostatically repelling chloride ions to achieve targeted electrolysis of seawater. In the real seawater flow cell, the electrode requires 1.94 V to reach 1.0 A cm−2, and the energy consumption is 4.64 kWh Nm−3‐H2 lower than that of industrial alkaline electrolysis. The continuous electrolysis at 1.0 A cm−2 for 300 h shows almost no decay, and Faraday efficiency is close to 100%, indicating long‐lasting stability.
Graphene‐Doped Hydrogels with Enhanced Conductivity and Stretchability for All‐Weather Wearable Devices
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yixiao , Zhang Yajie , You Lexing , Song Yutao , Li Tong , Fang Zheng , Gui An , Li Yangfeng , Liao Lei , Yang Rong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConductive hydrogels with high water content, excellent adhesion, and mechanical flexibility have garnered significant attention for flexible and wearable electronic applications. Despite advancements, achieving hydrogels with robust electrical and mechanical properties under extreme environmental conditions remains a key challenge. In this study, a cost‐effective, lignin‐tannin nanosphere graphene‐doped hydrogel (LTGH) synthesized by dispersing graphene within the hydrogel matrix via self‐assembled sodium lignosulfonate and tannic acid nanospheres is presented. The LTGH exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity (28 S m−1), ultra‐high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor ≈350), and an ultra‐low detection limit (<0.5%). Additionally, it demonstrates outstanding stretchability (>1800%), strong adhesion (>50 kPa), UV resistance, and antibacterial properties. By incorporating ethylene glycol, the LTGH maintains reliable performance across a wide temperature range (−80 to 50 °C). Furthermore, the LTGH is successfully integrated into a convolutional neural network‐based sign language recognition system, achieving a compact and lightweight design with high recognition accuracy, rapid responsiveness, and cost efficiency. This work highlights the superior sensing capabilities of graphene‐doped conductive hydrogels, underscoring their potential in all‐weather wearable technologies.
A Facile Strategy Based on Ionic Liquids to Modulate the Antibacterial, Flame‐Retardant, and Sensing Properties of Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Ru Hongfu , Ma Yuchen , Jin Yilin , Xiang Shuangfei , Zhao Shujun , Fu Feiya , Liu Xiangdong , Dyson Paul J. , Fei Zhaofu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSurface treatment of textiles causes a significant amount of environmental pollution and endowing traditional fabrics with multiple functions through facile methods remains challenging. Here a simple strategy is proposed involving the copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MA) functionalized cotton fabric (CF) with vinyl‐functionalized ionic liquid (IL). The resulting CF‐PIL (where P refers to poly) shows high bacteriostatic reduction rates (BR > 99%), excellent flame retardancy (LOI = 28.1%), together with high sensitivity and quick responsiveness. The CF‐PIL exhibits unparalleled reliability even after 50 washing cycles. The CF‐PIL‐based fabric also captures signals from mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature. This allows the CF‐PIL material to act as a sensor for physiological signal monitoring (breathing, body temperature, and external mechanical stimulation), and also for high‐temperature. Through the design of a circuit, the CF‐PIL‐based fabric is assembled for a high‐temperature fire alarm system, which can provide early warning of high temperatures when near or in contact with flames within a few seconds. While many applications of the CF‐PIL may be envisaged, of particular relevance are intelligent firefighting suits and smart architectural textiles.