bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Control Costs of Brain State Transitions in Linear Stochastic Systems
Authors: Kamiya Shunsuke , Kawakita Genji , Sasai Shuntaro , Kitazono Jun , Oizumi Masafumi 
Published: November 2022

The brain is a system that performs numerous functions by controlling its states. Quantifying the cost of this control is essential as it reveals how the brain can be controlled based on the minimization of the control cost, and which brain regions are most important to the optimal control of transitions. Despite its great potential, the current control paradigm in neuroscience uses a deterministic framework and is therefore unable to consider stochasticity, severely limiting its application to neural data. Here, to resolve this limitation, we propose a novel framework for the evaluation of control costs based on a linear stochastic model. Following our previous work, we quantified the optimal control cost as the minimal Kullback-Leibler divergence between the uncontrolled and controlled processes. In the linear model, we established an analytical expression for minimal cost and showed that we can decompose it into the cost for controlling the mean and covariance of brain activity. To evaluate the utility of our novel framework, we examined the significant brain regions in the optimal control of transitions from the resting state to seven cognitive task states in human whole-brain imaging data of either sex. We found that, in realizing the different transitions, the lower visual areas commonly played a significant role in controlling the means, while the posterior cingulate cortex commonly played a significant role in controlling the covariances.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain performs many cognitive functions by controlling its states. Quantifying the cost of this control is essential as it reveals how the brain can be optimally controlled in terms of the cost, and which brain regions are most important to the optimal control of transitions. Here, we built a novel framework to quantify control cost that takes account of stochasticity of neural activity, which is ignored in previous studies. We established the analytical expression of the stochastic control cost, which enables us to compute the cost in high-dimensional neural data. We identified the significant brain regions for the optimal control in cognitive tasks in human whole-brain imaging data.
FLAT LIKELIHOODS: SIR-POISSON MODEL CASE
Authors: Montoya José A. , Figueroa-Preciado Gudelia , Tocto-Erazo Mayra Rosalia 
Published: November 2022

Systems of differential equations are used as the basis to define mathematical structures for moments, like the mean and variance, of random variables probability distributions. Nevertheless, the integration of a deterministic model and a probabilistic one, with the aim of describing a random phenomenon, and take advantage of the observed data for making inferences on certain population dynamic characteristics, can lead to parameter identifiability problems. Furthermore, approaches to deal with those problems are usually inappropriate. In this paper, the shape of the likelihood function of a SIR-Poisson model is used to describe the relationship between flat likelihoods and the identifiability parameter problem. In particular, we show how a flattened shape for the profile likelihood of the basic reproductive number R0, arises as the observed sample (over time) becomes smaller, causing ambiguity regarding the shape of the average model behavior. We conducted some simulation studies to analyze the flatness severity of the R0 likelihood, and the coverage frequency of the likelihood-confidence regions for the model parameters. Finally, we describe some approaches to deal the practical identifiability problem, showing the impact those can have on inferences. We believe this work can help to raise awareness on the way statistical inferences can be affected by a priori parameter assumptions and the underlying relationship between them, as well as by model reparameterizations and incorrect model assumptions.
Evaluation the effect of maxillary protraction on the airway dimensions: a review
Authors: Mirhashemi Seyyed Amirhossein , Ghadirian Hannaneh , Bahrami Rashin 
Published: November 2022

Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maxillary protraction on airway dimensions in growing patients.
Method and material: The research was conducted using literature reviews. Articles included in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane were reviewed via inputting keywords such as maxillary protraction, maxilla retrusion, retrognathic, class III malocclusion, face mask, reverse head gear, Delaire, protraction head gear, reverse occlusion, anterior crossbite, growing patient, bone anchorage, dental anchorage. The search period for articles ranged from January 2005 to April 2021.
Results:7 articles with inclusion criteria were included in the study; the results of the studies showed the effectiveness of maxillary protraction on increasing the dimensions of the airway. Studies have shown a significant increase in the size of the upper airway, especially the nasopharynx, following maxillary protraction with tooth-borne and bone-borne appliances.
Conclusion: Maxillary protraction can increase the size of the upper airway in growing patients. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the effects on changes in the pharyngeal airway, respiratory indicators (such as the apnea-hypopnea index), and its long-term effects.
Comparison of cognitive strategies for emotion regulation, impulsivity and suicidal ideation in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar people disorder and normal people
Authors: Beheshti Niloofar , Najafi Mahmoud 
Published: November 2022

Aim: The aim was to compare cognitive strategies for emotion regulation, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation in patients with obsessive-compulsive, bipolar disorder and normal individuals.
Methods: This was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included people who were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder in city of Semnan, Iran in the year 1400. According to the opinion of a psychiatrist, as well as normal people who were not diagnosed with a disorder based on self-report and using a checklist of symptoms of mental disorders. Fifty obsessive-compulsive patients and 50 bipolar patients, as well as 50 normal individuals were selected through available sampling. Granfsky Emotion Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire, Barthes Impulsivity, and Beck Suicidal Thought were administered. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
Findings: Cognitive regulation of emotion, impulsivity and suicidal ideation are significantly different in the three groups. The mean scores of the patient group were higher than the normal group in the negative components of emotion regulation, impulsivity and suicidal ideation (p<0.05). In the positive of emotion regulation, the mean scores of the bipolar group were higher than the obsession (p<0.05). In negative regulating emotion, the mean scores of obsessive-compulsive patients were higher than those of bipolar disorder (p<0.05). Also, the mean scores of obsessive-compulsive group was higher than bipolar in cognitive impulsivity (p<0.05 ); but there was no difference between the obsessive-compulsive and bipolar groups in motor components and lack of planning (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Holding educational workshops to minimize the damage caused by failure in emotion regulation, impulsivity, and suicidal thoughts in obsessive-compulsive and bipolar disorder sufferers, designing support programs such as training impulse management skills, using adaptive emotion regulation strategies, planning skills and decision-making in the general population as well as obsessive-compulsive and bipolar patients, as well as the appropriate treatment plan to prevent the exacerbation or recurrence of patients' symptoms can be effective.
Influence of covid-19 in the training and academic learning of students at Peleforo GON COULIBALY University of Korhogo (Ivory Coast).
Authors: Silue Donakpo , Taiba Germaine AINYAKOU , Nahoua Adama SORO 
Published: November 2022

UNESCO noted in 2020 that 85% of pupils and students in 165 countries are no longer in school because of COVID-19. Indeed, this disease has had several social consequences around the world. One of these is the academic component. In addition, the world has been exploring new methods of teaching and learning at a distance. This method, although innovative, has impacts on the university, the teacher and the student. Hence the need to question the impact of the Covid-19 in university training and learning, particularly at the Peleforo GON COULIBALY University (UPGC). To achieve this, a socio-anthropological study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Its purpose was to describe the impact of the health crisis on the student population of the UPGC. It took place from 10 July to 7 September 2021 in Korhogo, Ivory Coast, specifically at the UPGC. The collection tools were individual interviews and documentary research. According to rational choice sampling, 63 students and 8 members of the various examination commissions, i.e. 71 people in total, were mobilised.
The results reveal that the duration of social distancing has created a sense of isolation for some UPGC students and lost learning time. In addition, the change in assessment procedures has led to a series of problems such as postponed or cancelled exams in some departments and in others replaced by group exercises or individual homework. Also, the use of NICTs to communicate and acquire knowledge has been intense during this health crisis, which could stimulate risks of visual disorders among students and teachers. Thus, the covid-19 crisis not only impacted on students' learning time, but also on the biology and quality of the knowledge received during this period
Extent of implementation of smoking ban among Senior High School students in Zambales, Philippines
Authors: Balangon Mary Jane , Dantic Marshall James 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The Department of Education, Zambales Division is also adopting anti-smoking measures in accordance with the above Deped guidelines and rules. Consequently, this study would assess the extent to which smoking ban was implemented among senior high school. The study utilizes descriptive research design where survey checklist was the main instrument to gather data. The study was conducted in Zone 2, Division of Zambales which consisted of municipalities of Palauig, Iba and Botolan. The study used simple random sampling. There are five hundred twenty seven (527) senior high school students from different municipalities have served as respondents. The instrument was validated by three experts and treated through reliability testing. There are two parts of the instrument, (a) demographic profile of the respondents; (b) perception of the student-respondents towards extent of smoking ban implementation. Based from the results, therefore it conclude that the student-respondents assessed “Implemented” on the level of smoking ban implementation as to school policies and intervention, teachers’ participation and students’ participation respectively; that there is significant difference when grouped according all profile variables except for gender as to school policies and intervention and students’ participation; and that there is no significant differences on the assessment towards dimensions on the level of extent of implementation of smoking ban as to school policies and intervention, teachers and student participation respectively.
Effect of promotion, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use on interest in adopting e-wallet (Ovo And Dana)
Authors: Didied Neni Meidawati , Yunitasari Fitrias , Oktavina Diah Puspita  
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of promotional attractiveness, perception of benefits and ease of perception on the interest in using e-wallets. The population in this study is the entire developed village community in Sleman Regency. The number of samples used was as many as 150 respondents. The sampling method used is convenience sampling. Data collection using survey method through questionnaires distributed using google form. Data analysis techniques were implemented using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The multiple linear regression analysis results show that the attractiveness of promotions, the precept of benefits and the perception of convenience positively and significantly affect the interest in using e-wallets.
CRIMINALIDADE E POLÍTICA INDIGENISTA EM GOIÁS OITOCENTISTA
Authors: Vieira Martha Victor , Da Silva Medeiros Valéria 
Published: November 2022

Este artigo pretende discutir a criminalidade na província de Goiás, tendo em vista o processo de construção do Estado nacional, que demandou uma série de ações, a fim de manter a ordem pública, garantir a soberania interna e o respeito às autoridades instituídas. Uma das reclamações mais recorrentes das autoridades goianas no século XIX eram os povos indígenas, acusados de serem uma ameaça à segurança pública e causa da decadência econômica. Essa forma de ver os indígenas, como obstáculo ao desenvolvimento nacional, serviu de baliza para orientar a política indigenista na província goiana em um contexto em que se começou a atribuir sentido ao crime como um problema social.
Comparative Analysis of Faired-In Bulb and Bulbous Bow Ram Bow's Bulbous Bow Shape On Total Ship Resistance
Authors: Nuramalia Zabrina , Japri Ramadani 
Published: November 2022

A General Cargo Ship is a ship that carries various kinds of cargo in the form of goods. The goods transported are usually packaged goods. Using a bulbous bow on the ship's bow is the best alternative. Bulbous bows are installed on ships with high speed to reduce drag, whose nature depends on the function of the block coefficient and Froude number of ships. Ships with particular Cb and Fn can use a Bulbous bow due to considering the advantages of a significant enough resistance reduction, or vice versa. This research is a general cargo ship model with a bulbous bow. They are using the main dimensions of the ship with Length Over All (LOA) 153.45 m, Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) 144.2 m, Length On Load Waterline (LWL) 147.8 m, and Breadth (B) 25.27 m. height (H) 13.5 m, Draft (T) 9.52 m, Speed ​​(V) 14.75 Knots. The magnitude of the resistance and practical power of the ship required to reach a speed of 14.75 knots on a ship with the Faired-in Bulb type obtained from maxsurf 431.9 kN and 4096, 548 HP. For Bulbous bow type Ram Bow ships, the resistance and adequate power obtained are 431.3 kN and 4090,683 Hp. The ship's power using the Bulbous bow Faired-in Bulb is more significant than using the Bulbous bow of the Ram Bow type.
Use of Law by US States During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Respect to People Who Were Undocumented
Authors: DeGarmo Ellie , Rosen Joanne , Rutkow Lainie 
Published: November 2022

Objectives. To systematically identify and analyze US state-level legislation concerning people who were undocumented during the COVID-19 pandemic, from January 2020 through August 2021. Methods. Using standard public health law research methods, we searched Westlaw’s online database between November 2021 and January 2022 to identify legislation addressing COVID-19 and people who were undocumented. We abstracted relevant information, analyzed the data, and identified primary themes for each bill and resolution. Results. Sixty-six bills and resolutions, from 13 states, met the inclusion criteria. Legislation addressed 5 primary themes: eligibility and access to health-related services (n = 16), health and personal information (n = 10), housing assistance (n = 13), job security and employment benefits (n = 14), and monetary assistance (n = 13). Conclusions. Approximately one quarter of state legislatures introduced bills or resolutions regarding people who were undocumented and COVID-19. State-level laws are an important tool to mitigate the disproportionate impact of public health emergencies on vulnerable groups. Public Health Implications. As states shift attention away from the exigencies of COVID-19, this research provides insight into how law might be used to protect those who are undocumented throughout the full cycle of future public health emergencies. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(12):1757–1764. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307090 )
Severity and Symptom Characteristics between Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant Infections in the Australian Capital Territory: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gomez Algreg , Kelly Matthew , Sloan-Gardner Timothy S. , Voo Tze Vun , Kirk Martyn D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the widespread dominance of SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2 lineage) and Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) variants, there has been little information detailing differences in the presentation of symptoms and clinical characteristics. Characterising symptom and severity profile is important for understanding emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of all laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections notified in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia, between 12 August 2021 and 21 January 2022. Symptom data were ascertained through the initial case investigation interview, and by using either an automated survey or phone interview through routine public follow-up. The routine follow-up for the full isolation period collected individual symptom status and the specific symptoms experienced. We used validated vaccination status through the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for hospitalisation with the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. We compared the difference in proportions of individual symptoms experienced using Pearson’s χ2 tests, Wilcoxon rank sum test or Fisher’s exact tests. We considered results significantly different where p-value was less than 0.05.
Results: We found that a higher proportion of individuals infected with Omicron (32% 144/452) were asymptomatic compared to those infected with Delta (12% 74/613). The most commonly reported symptoms for Delta infections are cough (62%, 381/613), headache (55% 338/613), fever (47% 290/613) and runny nose (47% 289/613). The most commonly reported symptoms for Omicron infections are runny nose (54% 242/452), cough (53% 240/452), sore throat (41% 181/452) and lethargy (39% 176/452). Cases infected with the Omicron variant had a lower odds of hospitalisation compared to cases infected with the Delta variant (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16-0.53).
Conclusion: We found that symptom characteristics for Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections were significantly different. Furthermore, we found that individuals infected with Omicron were more likely to report no symptoms at all, although vaccination status may have played a role in this cohort.
Overall, infection with Delta was more likely to result in hospitalisation.
Monitoring of the Surfactants in Surface Waters in Slovakia and the Impact COVID-19 Pandemic for their Presence
Authors: Lobotková Martina , Hybská Helena , Turčániová Eszter , Salva Jozef , Hýrošová Tatiana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to keep the home and occupational environment clean and noninfectious, the consumption of the cleaners and disinfectants, including cosmetics, is increasing. Excessive use of the products results in their accumulation in an aquatic environment. The conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to effectively remove the emergent pollutants, including the personal care products. The article is focused on the monitoring the presence of the personal care products in surface waters in two river basins in the Slovak Republic, in terms of the surfactant content. Ecotoxicological evaluation of the selected samples from monitored river basins is performed by an acute toxicity test using the test organism Daphnia magna. The monitoring results indicate the presence of the personal care products in the aquatic environment, where pose an ecological and environmental risk. Monitoring in the Hron and Nitra river basins confirmed contamination with the surfactants, to which the measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic contributed. The content of the surfactants in the personal care products is significant and their impact on the aquatic environment is not sufficiently monitored.
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. volatile oil ameliorates depressive behaviors and inhibits neuroinflammation in CUMS-exposed mice by inhibiting the TLR4-medicated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Bo , Shi Kaifang , Wang Ruixuan , Lin Fei , Yan Tingxu , Jia Ying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. volatile oil (AOVO) in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). C57BL/6 mice were grouped and administered with different dosages of AOVO (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, or 2.00 mL/kg body weight, i.g.), TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor, 0.75 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), or TAK242 (0.75 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) + AOVO (0.50 mL/kg body weight, i.g.) for 21 days. Depression-like symptoms in the mice were then evaluated through their body weight gain (BW), the open field test (OFT), the sucrose preference test (SPT), the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and forced swimming test (FST). The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and 5-hydroxytyrptamine (5-HT) in the mice were determined using ELISA kits. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) dying were performed for histopathological examination. The expression of inflammatory proteins was assessed through western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. AOVO was found to improve the behavioral indexes of CUMS-exposed mice behavioral and synergize TAK242 to mitigate both their depressive symptoms and neuroinflammation. Moreover, AOVO was found to inhibit the hippocampal damage, decrease inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF), and downregulate the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in the hippocampus of CUMS-exposed mice. These findings demonstrate that AOVO can ameliorate depressive behaviors and mitigate neuroinflammation in the CUMS-exposed mice via suppressing the TLR4-medicated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Efficacy of dapagliflozin in the treatment of HFrEF with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (DAHOS study): study protocol for a multicentric, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Xie Liang , Li Shengnan , Wei Qin , Liu Hong , Zhao Chao , Yu Fuchao , Tong Jiayi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with sleep disapnea (SDB), which plays an adverse role in the pathophysiology of the condition. SDB management in HFrEF, however, remains controversial. HFrEF's medical management has recently made significant progress with the discovery of new therapeutic avenues, namely sodia-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and better treatment of co-morbidities. Dapagliflozin, one of the SGLT-2 inhibitors, is a good candidate for correcting SDB of HFrEF patients because their known mechanisms of action are likely to counteract the pathophysiology of SDB in HFrEF.
Methods/design: The trial is a 3-month, multicentric, prospective, randomized controlled clinical study. Patients (i.e. adults with left ventricular ejection fraction≤40%, Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index≥15) will be randomized to receive optimized heart failure therapy plus a standard dose of dapagliflozin while the control group will receive only optimized heart failure therapy. Patients will be evaluated before and after 3 months(nocturnal ventilatory polygraphy, echocardiography, laboratory testing, and quality-of-life and SDB questionnaires). The primary outcome is the change in the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index, before and after 3 months of treatment.
Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100049834. Registered 10 August 2021.