bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian spatial modeling of moose count data: increasing estimator efficiency and exploring ecological hypotheses
Authors: Schmidt Joshua H. , Cameron Matthew D. , Joly Kyle , Pruszenski Jordan M. , Reynolds Joel H. , Sorum Mathew S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMoose management throughout much of Alaska and Canada relies on aerial count data, which are commonly collected using the geospatial population estimator (GSPE) protocol. The GSPE uses a model‐based analytical approach and finite‐population block kriging to estimate abundance from a collection of sampled survey units. Widespread implementation and well‐documented analytical software have resulted in reliable estimates of moose abundance, density, and composition across a large proportion of their range. Analysis is conducted almost exclusively using the GSPE software, which fits a fixed model structure to data collected within a single year. The downside of this approach to analysis is that the fixed model structure is inefficient for estimation, leading to more field effort than would otherwise be necessary to achieve a desired level of estimator precision. We developed a more easily modified and flexible Bayesian spatial general additive model approach (BSG) that accommodates spatial and temporal covariates (e.g., habitat characteristics, trend), multiple survey events, prior information, and incomplete detection. Using a series of 6 GSPE surveys conducted in Yukon‐Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska, USA, from 2003–2019, we established the equivalence of the 2 approaches under similar model structures. We then extended the BSG to demonstrate how a more comprehensive approach to analysis can affect estimator precision and be used to assess ecological relationships. The precision of annual abundance estimators from the BSG were improved by an average of 43% over those based on the standard GSPE analysis, highlighting the very real costs of assuming a fixed (i.e., suboptimal) model structure. The population increased at a rate of 2.3%/year (95% CrI = 0.8–3.8%), and the increase was largely explained by a parallel increase in wildfire extent (i.e., high quality moose habitat). These results suggest that our approach could be used to increase estimator efficiency or decrease future survey costs without any modifications to the basic protocol. While modification of the GSPE software is possible, practitioners may find the BSG approach more convenient for quickly developing model structures for a particular application, thereby allowing them to extract more information from existing and future datasets.
Flexible habitat choice of pelagic bacteria increases system stability and energy flow through the microbial loop
Authors: Villalba Luis Alberto , Karnatak Rajat , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Wollrab Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPelagic bacteria can be classified into free‐living and particle‐attached life modes, which either dwell in the water column or attach to suspended particles. Bacteria with a generalist life style, however, can actively shift between these two habitats. Globally increasing densities of natural and artificial particles enhance habitat heterogeneity, with potential consequences for system stability and trophic transfer through aquatic food webs. To better decipher the dynamics of microbial communities, we investigated the influence of adaptive vs. fixed habitat choice on species coexistence for a simplified bacterial community by analyzing a corresponding food web model, consisting of two specialist bacterial prey species (free and attached), a generalist bacterial prey species with the ability to shift between both habitats, and two protist predators, specialized on either water or particle compartment. For simplicity we assume a shared resource pool, considering particles only for colonization but not as a source for nutrients or carbon, that is, inert particles like microplastics or inorganic sediments. The model predicts coexistence on a cyclic attractor between fixed and flexible bacteria, if the costs for adaptive habitat choice can be balanced by adaptation speed. The presence of adaptive prey dampens predator–prey cycle amplitudes, contributing to system stabilization resulting in higher mean predator biomass compared to specialist prey only. Thus, in pelagic microbial systems, flexible habitat choice at the prey level has important implications for system stability and magnitude of energy flow through the microbial loop.
Bifurcate responses of tidal range to sea‐level rise in estuaries with marsh evolution
Authors: Cai Xun , Qin Qubin , Shen Jian , Zhang Yinglong J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe response of tidal range in tidal marshes under sea‐level rise (SLR) is essential to the marsh resilience, but how tidal ranges respond to different marsh evolutions remains unclear. Here, we show the existence of bifurcate responses of tidal range to SLR using both numerical model and theoretical analyses. The tidal range tends to increase if marsh accretion keeps pace with SLR; otherwise, the tidal range tends to decrease. As tidal range plays the key role in marsh evolution, the interactions between changing tidal range and marsh evolution lead to positive feedback on marsh resilience. If the marsh accretion can keep up with the SLR, the increase in the tidal range can enhance marsh resilience to SLR. If the marsh cannot keep up, the decrease in the tidal range may further threaten the marsh resilience or even lead to marsh retreat.
Tetracyanobutadienyl‐Based Nonlinear Optical Dendronized Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesized via [2+2] Cycloaddition Polymer Postfunctionalization
Authors: Li Zhong'an , Zang Xiaobo , Li Yibin , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDendronized hyperbranched polymers (DHPs) can provide advantages for both hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, making them a promising structure platform for high‐performance second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, a new A3+B2‐type DHP (HP2) is reported through facile and efficient [2+2] cycloaddition polymer postfunctionalization, in which tetracyanobutadienyl‐based moieties are introduced as the main chromophores while isophorone‐bridged moieties serve as the isolation chromophores. Benefiting from this unique hyperbranched structure design, the measured second‐harmonic generation coefficient of HP2 can reach up to 96.6 pm V−1 with high thermal stability, making it a good material candidate for second‐order NLO applications.
Analysis of hybrid discontinuous Galerkin methods for linearized Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Shin Dongwook , Jeon Youngmok , Park Eun‐Jae 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we introduce and analyze arbitrary‐order, locally conservative hybrid discontinuous Galkerin methods for linearized Navier–Stokes equations. The unknowns of the global system are reduced to trace variables on the skeleton of a triangulation and the average of pressure on each cell via embedded static condensation. We prove that the lifting operator associated with trace variables is injective for any polynomial degree. This generalizes the result in (Y. Jeon and E.‐J. Park, Numerische Mathematik 123 [2013], no. 1, pp. 97–119), where quadratic and cubic rectangular elements are analyzed. Moreover, optimal error estimates in the energy norm are obtained by introducing nonstandard projection operators for the hybrid DG method. Several numerical results are presented to show the performance of the algorithm and to validate the theory developed in the article.
Event‐trigger‐based approximate optimal control of modular robot manipulators using zero‐sum game
Authors: Dong Bo , Chen Jingchen , Pan Qiang , An Tianjiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn event‐triggered‐based approximate optimal control is developed for modular robot manipulators (MRMs) using zero‐sum game strategy. By utilizing the joint torque feedback method, robotic systems' dynamic model is formulated and state space equation is derived. According to event‐triggered mechanism and neural network algorithm, the tracking control issue is converted to a zero‐sum game optimal control issue. The optimal control policy and worst disturbance policy are acquired by Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs function respectively. The MRM system's tracking error is ultimately uniformly bounded. Finally, experiments demonstrate advantages of the method.
Curing and morphology approaches of polyurethane/poly(ethylene glycol) foam upon poly(lactic acid) addition
Authors: de Oliveira Almeida Débora Evelyn , de Albuquerque Ananda Karoline Camelo , dos Santos Silva Ingridy Dayane , Ries Andreas , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effect of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) content on the curing of polyethylene glycol (PEG) based polyurethanes (PU) was investigated. Aiming to produce biobased PU foams, pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI) was used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) found no curing evidence at 30°C and verified that the curing was completed at 300°C. This method tracks hydrogen bonding and NCO consumption. PLA addition decreased the curing rate as evidenced through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and promoted changes in the released heat which is linked to chemical and physical crosslinking. Complex peaks were verified in DSC scans whereas the peak at lower temperatures is related to the catalyzed curing while that in the higher ones is due to the homopolymerization. PU foams morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pores and cell sizes are related to PLA content and hydrogen bonding.
Leveraging single‐cell sequencing to unravel intratumour heterogeneity and tumour evolution in human cancers
Authors: Bowes Amy L , Tarabichi Maxime , Pillay Nischalan , Van Loo Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntratumour heterogeneity (ITH) and tumour evolution are well‐documented phenomena in human cancers. While the advent of next‐generation sequencing technologies has facilitated the large‐scale capture of genomic data, the field of single‐cell genomics is nascent but rapidly advancing and generating many new insights into the complex molecular mechanisms of tumour biology. In this review, we provide an overview of current single‐cell DNA sequencing technologies, exploring how recent methodological advancements have enumerated new insights into ITH and tumour evolution. Areas highlighted include the potential power of single‐cell genome sequencing studies to explore evolutionary dynamics contributing to tumourigenesis through to progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. We also explore the use of in situ sequencing technologies to study ITH in a spatial context, as well as examining the use of single‐cell genomics to perform lineage tracing in both normal and malignant tissues. Finally, we consider the use of multimodal single‐cell sequencing technologies. Taken together, it is hoped that these many facets of single‐cell genome sequencing will improve our understanding of tumourigenesis, progression, and lethality in cancer, leading to the development of novel therapies. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Manufacturing and axial compression performance of a novel composite cylindrical shell
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Zhao Qilin , Huang Yaxin , Li Fei , Gao Jiangang , Wang Yadan , Guo Chenming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is challenging and expensive to manufacture composite cylindrical shells with characteristics such as large diameters and lengths and 0°‐fibers for applications such as bridge piers and wind power columns. In this study, a new type of cross section configuration of inner annular block and outer annular continuous fiber is proposed, and a low‐cost method is established First, the inner assembly block is pulled and extruded, and then, the outer continuous prestressed fiber is wound as the mold to apply annular compressive stress to the inner tube. Axial compression tests were carried out with Φ104 × 8 mm glass fiber‐reinforced polymer(GFRP) tubes made of pultruded standard blocks without integral forming, without external winding carbon fiber, and with an external winding layer. The results show that the mechanical properties of the pipe produced via piece‐assembling followed by winding are better than those produced via piece‐assembling without an external winding layer, which has mechanical properties similar to those of a one‐time forming member. Based on the obvious deterioration of mechanical properties, composite cylindrical shells with large diameters and lengths and 0°‐fibers can be produced at low costs.
Mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between schizotypy and empathy
Authors: Guo Xiao‐dong , Wang Yi , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSchizotypy is a set of personality traits existing in the general population that represents vulnerability for developing psychosis. Previous studies have suggested that negative schizotypy correlates with empathy, but mixed results have been shown for positive schizotypy. The present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of emotion regulation upon schizotypy and empathy. The valid sample consisted of 595 college students who completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Chapman Psychosis Proneness Scales. Pearson correlations between schizotypy, emotion regulation, and empathy were performed to build potential mediating models. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses were used to examine the mediation effects of emotion regulation. Our results showed that negative schizotypy was correlated with both cognitive and affective empathy whereas positive schizotypy only correlated with the Fantasy and Personal Distress subscales after multiple comparisons corrections. The Cognitive Reappraisal subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was positively correlated with empathy whereas the Expressive Suppression subscale was negatively associated with affective empathy. More importantly, there was a significant mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal on the relationship between negative schizotypy and cognitive empathy. Our findings suggest that a higher level of negative schizotypy is associated with poorer cognitive and affective empathy, and cognitive reappraisal may mediate the effect of negative schizotypy on cognitive empathy. These findings highlight the optimal usage of cognitive reappraisal in social interactions, and may help to improve empathy, especially for individuals with a high level of negative schizotypy.
An overview of global and European photonics markets and industry
Authors: Robin Thierry , d'Humières Benoît , Cochard Jacques 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe global photonics market has grown very rapidly in recent years and reached 733 billion US dollars in 2019. The European photonics industry also had a sharp increase (from € 76 B in 2015 to € 103 B in 2019), outperforming EU GDP by three times. Moreover, the global and European photonics industry has proven to be quite resilient to the effects of the Covid‐19 crisis. In fact, already present in various high‐end and next‐generation products, photonics technology has proven to be a long‐term driver of growth through its indispensable role in many current and future markets.
Dissecting weed adaptation: Fitness and trait correlations in herbicide‐resistant Alopecurus myosuroides
Authors: Comont David , MacGregor Dana R , Crook Laura , Hull Richard , Nguyen Lieselot , Freckleton Robert P , Childs Dylan Z , Neve Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnravelling the genetic architecture of non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) traits in weed populations can inform questions about the inheritance, trade‐offs and fitness costs associated with these traits. Classical quantitative genetics approaches allow study of the genetic architecture of polygenic traits even where the genetic basis of adaptation remains unknown. These approaches have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of previous studies into the genetics and fitness of NTSR.RESULTSUsing a quantitative genetic analysis of 400 pedigreed Alopecurus myosuroides seed families from nine field‐collected populations, we found strong heritability for resistance to the acetolactate synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors (h2 = 0.731 and 0.938, respectively), and evidence for shared additive genetic variance for resistance to these two different herbicide modes of action, rg = 0.34 (survival), 0.38 (biomass). We find no evidence for genetic correlations between life‐history traits and herbicide resistance, indicating that resistance to these two modes of action is not associated with large fitness costs in blackgrass. We do, however, demonstrate that phenotypic variation in plant flowering characteristics is heritable, h2 = 0.213 (flower height), 0.529 (flower head number), 0.449 (time to flowering) and 0.372 (time to seed shed), demonstrating the potential for adaptation to other nonchemical management practices (e.g. mowing of flowering heads) now being adopted for blackgrass control.CONCLUSIONThese results highlight that quantitative genetics can provide important insight into the inheritance and genetic architecture of NTSR, and can be used alongside emerging molecular techniques to better understand the evolutionary and fitness landscape of herbicide resistance. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatial distribution and site selection adaptation mechanism of traditional villages along the Yellow River in Shanxi and Shaanxi
Authors: Xu Yuqian , Yang Xinyi , Feng Xiaohuan , Yan Pei , Shen Yue , Li Xiaolong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSite selection adaptability of traditional villages along rivers can be summarized as the local ecological wisdom accumulated and preserved by generations of villagers. The site selection and distribution pattern of traditional villages is closely related to the river. In this research, 97 traditional villages along the Yellow River in Shanxi and Shaanxi were selected as the research objects. Kernel density analysis, Area density analysis, River buffer zone and a self‐designed river location function (RLF) were used to explore, calculate, and evaluate the spatial distribution and site selection adaptation mechanism of traditional villages along the Yellow River. Most traditional villages are located within 15 km buffer area. Villages are densely distributed in one high‐density aggregation area and one middle‐density aggregation area. The aggregation areas also represent a highest area density of river. The results of RLF show that there are six villages with a value between 1.8 and 2.2, which is consistent with the results of kernel density and river buffer zone analyses. It is concluded that site selection adaptation factors are composed of area density of river, distance from river, river width and bank form. At the same time, it is found that traditional villages are clustered on convex banks, which reflects the scientific value of ancient Chinese feng shuitheory. Our findings improve the understanding of the overall environment and pattern of traditional villages, provide a quantitative basis for the study of site selection adaptability, and offer operational technical guidance for current and future efforts for village renewal, planning, and construction.
Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication in 39 cats
Authors: Klainbart Sigal , Grabarnik Meital , Kelmer Efrat , Chai Orit , Cuneah Olga , Segev Gilad , Aroch Itamar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrganophosphates and carbamates are important sources of intoxication for humans and animals. However, large‐scale studies of these intoxications in cats are unavailable.MethodsThe medical records of 39 cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsMortality in intoxicated cats was 15%. Low respiratory rate and low rectal temperature at presentation were associated with death. Other common clinical signs included weakness, ataxia, apathy, recumbency, anorexia and bradycardia, but these were unassociated with the outcome. The common biochemical abnormalities included decreased serum butyryl‐choline esterase activity, acidaemia, hypercarbaemia and total hypocalcaemia, and increased creatine kinase activity and total plasma protein concentration. There were no significant differences in haematological, biochemical and blood gas analytes between survivors and non‐survivors. Common medications and treatments included 2‐pyridine aldoxime methyl‐chloride‐pralidoxime (2‐PAM) (74%), metoclopramide (64%), antibiotics (64%), diphenhydramine (59%) and atropine sulphate (54%). There were no significant drug and treatment differences between survivors and non‐survivors. The secondary complications of the intoxication included pneumonia (10%), acute kidney injury (10%) and pancreatitis (8%).ConclusionsAcute cholinergic crisis due to organophosphate or carbamate intoxication has a fair prognosis in cats. Low respiratory rate and low rectal temperature at presentation were associated with death. The most commonly used specific medications in this study included 2‐PAM, diphenhydramine and atropine sulphate.
Bootstrapping holographic defect correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills
Authors: Barrat Julien , Gimenez-Grau Aleix , Liendo Pedro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study two-point functions of single-trace half-BPS operators in the presence of a supersymmetric Wilson line in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. We use modern analytic bootstrap in the form of an inversion formula, that reconstructs the CFT data starting from a single discontinuity of the correlator. In the planar strong coupling limit only a finite number of conformal blocks contributes to the discontinuity, which allows us to obtain elegant closed-form expressions for two-point functions of single-trace operators $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
J of weight J = 2, 3, 4. Our bootstrap approach guarantees that the correlator satisfies all the expected properties: it has the correct discontinuity, it satisfies the superconformal Ward identities, and it has a sensible expansion in both defect and bulk OPEs. The result is also consistent with available results coming from localization. The method is completely algorithmic and can be implemented to calculate correlators of arbitrary weight.
Generative deep learning for decision making in gas networks
Authors: Anderson Lovis , Turner Mark , Koch Thorsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA decision support system relies on frequent re-solving of similar problem instances. While the general structure remains the same in corresponding applications, the input parameters are updated on a regular basis. We propose a generative neural network design for learning integer decision variables of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations of these problems. We utilise a deep neural network discriminator and a MILP solver as our oracle to train our generative neural network. In this article, we present the results of our design applied to the transient gas optimisation problem. The trained generative neural network produces a feasible solution in 2.5s, and when used as a warm start solution, decreases global optimal solution time by 60.5%.
Gesamtwirtschaftliche Stabilität im klimapolitischen Wandel
Authors: Koll Willi 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungKlimapolitik mit dem Ziel der CO2-Neutralität erfordert einen einschneidenden strukturellen Wandel. Dieser wird nur dann akzeptiert werden und gelingen, wenn er sich neben sozialer Verträglichkeit bei binnen- und außenwirtschaftlicher Stabilität vollzieht. Dafür müssen bestimmte Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein.