bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence of a generalized potential ‘cost’ of apical dominance for species that have strong apical dominance
Authors: Finley Jenna V , Aarssen Lonnie W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When the shoot apical meristem of plants is damaged or removed, fecundity and/or plant growth may suffer (under-compensation), remain unaffected (compensation) or increase (overcompensation). The latter signifies a potential ‘cost’ of apical dominance. Using natural populations of 19 herbaceous angiosperm species with a conspicuously vertical, apically dominant growth form, we removed (clipped) the shoot apical meristem for replicate plants early in the growing season to test for a potential cost of apical dominance. Clipped and unclipped (control) plants had their near neighbours removed, and were harvested after flowering production had finished but before seed dispersal. Dry mass was measured separately for aboveground body size (shoots), leaves, seeds and fruits; and number of leaves, fruits and seeds per plant were counted. We predicted that: (i) our study species (because of their strong apically dominant growth form) would respond to shoot apical meristem removal with greater branching intensity, and thus overcompensation in terms of fecundity and/or biomass; and (ii) overcompensation is particularly enabled for species that produce smaller but more leaves, and hence with a larger bud bank of axillary meristems available for deployment in branching and/or fruit production. Widely variable compensatory capacities were recorded, and with no significant between-species relationship with leaf size or leafing intensity—thus indicating no generalized potential cost of apical dominance. Overall, the results point to species-specific treatment effects on meristem allocation patterns, and suggest importance for effects involving local variation in resource availability, and between-species variation in phenology, life history traits and susceptibility to herbivory.
Rapid X-ray variability in Mkn 421 during a multiwavelength campaign
Authors: Markowitz Alex G , Nalewajko Krzysztof , Bhatta Gopal , Dewangan Gulab C , Chandra Sunil , Dorner Daniela , Schleicher Bernd , Pajdosz-Śmierciak Urszula , Stawarz Łukasz , Zola Staszek , Ostrowski Michał , Carosati Daniele , Krishnan Saikruba , Bachev Rumen , Benítez Erika , Gazeas Kosmas , Hiriart David , Hu Shao-Ming , Larionov Valeri , Marchini Alessandro , Matsumoto Katsura , Nikiforova A A , Pursimo Tapio , Raiteri Claudia M , Reichart Daniel E , Rodriguez Diego , Semkov Evgeni , Strigachev Anton , Sugiura Yuki , Villata Massimo , Webb James R , Arbet-Engels Axel , Baack Dominik , Balbo Matteo , Biland Adrian , Bretz Thomas , Buss Jens , Eisenberger Laura , Elsaesser Dominik , Hildebrand Dorothee , Iotov Roman , Kalenski Adelina , Mannheim Karl , Mitchell Alison , Neise Dominik , Noethe Maximilian , Paravac Aleksander , Rhode Wolfgang , Sliusar Vitalii , Walter Roland 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The study of short-term variability properties in AGN jets has the potential to shed light on their particle acceleration and emission mechanisms. We report results from a 4-d coordinated multiwavelength campaign on the highly peaked blazar (HBL) Mkn 421 in 2019 January. We obtained X-ray data from AstroSAT, BVRI photometry with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), and TeV data from First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope to explore short-term multiwavelength variability in this HBL. The X-ray continuum is rapidly variable on time-scales of tens of ks. Fractional variability amplitude increases with energy across the synchrotron hump, consistent with previous studies; we interpret this observation in the context of a model with multiple cells whose emission spectra contain cutoffs that follow a power-law distribution. We also performed time-averaged and time-resolved (time-scales of 6 ks) spectral fits; a broken power-law model fits all spectra well; time-resolved spectral fitting reveals the usual hardening when brightening behaviour. Intra-X-ray cross-correlations yield evidence for the 0.6–0.8 keV band to likely lead the other bands by an average of 4.6 ± 2.6 ks, but only during the first half of the observation. The source displayed minimal night-to-night variability at all wavebands thus precluding significant interband correlations during our campaign. The broad-band SED is modelled well with a standard one-zone leptonic model, yielding jet parameters consistent with those obtained from previous SEDs of this source.
The extended H i halo of NGC 4945 as seen by MeerKAT
Authors: Ianjamasimanana Roger , Koribalski B S , Józsa Gyula I G , Kamphuis Peter , de Blok W J G , Kleiner Dane , Namumba Brenda , Carignan Claude , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen , Serra Paolo , Smirnov Oleg M , Thorat Kshitij , Hugo Benjamin V , Ramaila Athanaseus J T , Maina Eric , Maccagni Filippo M , Makhathini Sphesihle , Andati Lexy A L , Molnár Dániel Cs , Perkins Simon , Loi Francesca , Ramatsoku Mpati , Atemkeng Marcellin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) in the nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 4945 with MeerKAT are presented. We find a large amount of halo gas, previously missed by H i observations, accounting for 6.8 per cent of the total H i mass. This is most likely gas blown into the halo by star formation. Our maps go down to a 3σ column density level of 5 × 1018 cm−2. We model the H i distribution using tilted-ring fitting techniques and find a warp on the galaxy’s approaching and receding sides. The H i in the northern side of the galaxy appears to be suppressed. This may be the result of ionization by the starburst activity in the galaxy, as suggested by a previous study. The origin of the warp is unclear but could be due to past interactions or ram pressure stripping. Broad, asymmetric H i absorption lines extending throughout the H i emission velocity channels are present towards the nuclear region of NGC 4945. Such broad lines suggest the existence of a nuclear ring moving at a high circular velocity. This is supported by the clear rotation patterns in the H i absorption velocity field. The asymmetry of the absorption spectra can be caused by outflows or inflows of gas in the nuclear region of NGC 4945. The continuum map shows small extensions on both sides of the galaxy’s major axis that might be signs of outflows resulting from the starburst activity.
Hydrodynamics of warps in the local model of astrophysical discs
Authors: Ogilvie Gordon I 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We show how the local approximation of astrophysical discs, which is the basis for the well-known model of the shearing box, can be used to study many aspects of the dynamics of warped discs. In the local model, inclination of the orbit of a test particle, with respect to the reference orbit, corresponds to a vertical oscillation of the particle at the orbital frequency. Warping of a disc corresponds to a locally axisymmetric corrugation of the mid-plane of the disc that oscillates vertically at the orbital frequency, while evolution of the warp corresponds to a modulation of the complex amplitude of the vertical oscillation. We derive a conservation law for this amplitude that is the local equivalent of the conservation of angular momentum and therefore governs the evolution of the warp. For length scales that are long compared to the vertical scale height of the disc, the known non-resonant and resonant regimes of warp dynamics, including the diffusive and wave-like regimes of Keplerian discs, occur in the local model in the same way as in a global view of warped discs.
Numerical analysis of processes for the formation of moonlets confining the arcs of Neptune
Authors: Madeira Gustavo , Giuliatti Winter Silvia M 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The arcs of Neptune – Fraternité, Egalité, Liberté, and Courage – are four incomplete rings immersed in the Adams ring. A recent confinement model for the arcs proposes that the structures are azimuthally confined by four co-orbital moonlets. In this work, we intend to approach some points related to the dynamics of co-orbital moonlets and suggest a model for their formation. We study the equilibrium configurations for 1+N co-orbital satellites under the 42:43 Lindblad resonance with Galatea. We obtained three distinct configurations with 1+3 and 1+4 moonlets able to confine and reproduce the location of the arcs. The moonlets’ formation is analysed by the disruption of an ancient body at a Lagrangian point of a moon. The disruption fragments spread out in horseshoe orbits and collide to form moonlets, which reach an equilibrium configuration due to a non-conservative effect. In such a scenario, the arcs likely formed through a mixture of different processes, with impacts between disruption outcomes and meteoroid impacts with the moonlets being possibilities.
Long-term radio monitoring of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6−0814
Authors: Rhodes L , Fender R P , Motta S , van den Eijnden J , Williams D R A , Bright J , Sivakoff G R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of our long-term radio monitoring campaign at 1.3 GHz (MeerKAT) and 15.5 GHz (Arcminute Microkelvin Imager – Large Array, AMI-LA) for the outburst of the recently discovered neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6−0814. Throughout the outburst, we observe radio emission consistent with a quasi-persistent, self-absorbed jet. In addition, we see two flares at MJD 58427 and 58530. The second flare allows us to place constraints on the magnetic field and minimum energy of the jet at 0.2 G and 5 × 1037 erg, respectively. We use the multifrequency radio data in conjunction with data from Swift-BAT (Burst Alert Telescope) to place Swift J1858.6−0814 on the radio/X-ray correlation. We find that the quasi-simultaneous radio and BAT data make Swift J1858.6−0814 appear to bridge the gap in the radio/X-ray plane between atoll and Z sources. Furthermore, AMI-LA observations made while Swift J1858.6−0814 was in the soft state have allowed us to show that the radio emission during the soft state is quenched by at least a factor of 4.
Six new compact triply eclipsing triples found withTESS
Authors: Rappaport S A , Borkovits T , Gagliano R , Jacobs T L , Kostov V B , Powell B P , Terentev I , Omohundro M , Torres G , Vanderburg A , Mitnyan T , Kristiansen M H , LaCourse D , Schwengeler H M , Kaye T G , Pál A , Pribulla T , Bíró I B , Csányi I , Garai Z , Zasche P , Maxted P F L , Rodriguez J E , Stevens D J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report the discovery and analysis of six new compact triply eclipsing triple star systems found with the TESS mission: TICs 37743815, 42565581, 54060695, 178010808, 242132789, and 456194776. All of these exhibit distinct third-body eclipses where the inner eclipsing binary (EB) occults the third (‘tertiary’) star, or vice versa. We utilized the TESS photometry, archival photometric data, and available archival spectral energy distribution curves (SED) to solve for the properties of all three stars, as well as many of the orbital elements. We describe in detail our SED fits, search of the archival data for the outer orbital period, and the final global photodynamical analyses. From these analyses, we find that all six systems are coplanar to within 0°−5°, and are viewed nearly edge on (i.e. within a couple of degrees). The outer orbital periods and eccentricities of the six systems are {Pout (days), e}: {68.7, 0.36}, {123, 0.16}, {60.7, 0.01}, {69.0, 0.29}, {41.5, 0.01}, {93.9, 0.29}, respectively, in the order the sources are listed above. The masses of all 12 EB stars were in the range of 0.7–1.8 M⊙ and were situated near the main sequence. By contrast, the masses and radii of the tertiary stars ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 M⊙ and 2.9 to 12 R⊙, respectively. We use this information to estimate the occurrence rate of compact flat triple systems..
Impact of Sex, Sleep, Symptoms of Central Sensitization, and Psychosocial Factors in Adolescents with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Andias Rosa , Silva Anabela G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore and compare the associations of psychosocial factors, sleep, and central sensitization with chronic neck, back, limb, and multiregional pain and disability.

Methods
One thousand seven hundred thirty (n = 1,730) adolescents responded to an online questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic data, as well as the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; the Functional Disability Inventory; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; the Basic Scale on Insomnia Complaints and Quality of Sleep; the Pain Catastrophizing Scale; the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; the Child Self-Efficacy Scale; and the Central Sensitization Inventory. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis were used to assess the associations between these variables and pain and disability.

Results
Groups were categorized into those with neck (n = 54), back (n = 80), upper limb (n = 52), lower limb (n = 109), or multiregional (n = 1,140) pain. Multivariable analysis showed that symptoms of central sensitization increased the odds of neck, back, and multiregional pain; depression, anxiety and stress, and physical activity increased the odds of multiregional pain; and fear of movement increased the odds of lower limb pain. Female gender increased the odds of pain in all groups, except in the lower limb group. Depression, anxiety, and stress also remained associated with disability in neck, back, upper limb, and multiregional pain; poorer sleep remained associated with disability in neck, upper limb, and multiregional pain; catastrophizing remained associated with back and multiregional pain; and fear of movement and symptoms of central sensitization were associated with disability only in multiregional pain.

Conclusions
There are similar but also different variables associated with the presence of pain and disability in the neck, back, limbs, and multiregional pain.
Excitation spectra of heavy baryons in diquark models
Authors: Kumakawa Kento , Jido Daisuke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The excitation energy spectra of heavy baryons consisting of a heavy quark and two light quarks are investigated using diquark models in order to examine the nature of the diquark as a constituent of single heavy baryons. We consider two diquark models; in Model A the diquark is treated as a point-like particle, while it has a spatial size in Model B. We determine the masses of scalar and axial vector diquarks by the mass difference of the ground-state charmed baryons and the Λc baryon, while the mass of the ud scalar diquark in the Λc baryon is assumed to be 500 MeV as a reference. The parameters of these models are fixed by the 1p excitation energy of Λc. We find that Model A reproduces well the excitation energy spectra of the charmed and bottomed baryons, although the string tension of the confinement potential in Model A should be half of that of the charmonium, while Model B suggests degeneracy of the 2s and 1d states, which is not seen in the Λc spectrum.
Molecular epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan, 2020–1
Authors: Ode Hirotaka , Nakata Yoshihiro , Nagashima Mami , Hayashi Masaki , Yamazaki Takako , Asakura Hiroyuki , Suzuki Jun , Kubota Mai , Matsuoka Kazuhiro , Matsuda Masakazu , Mori Mikiko , Sugimoto Atsuko , Imahashi Mayumi , Yokomaku Yoshiyuki , Sadamasu Kenji , Iwatani Yasumasa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There were five epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 in Japan between 2020 and 2021. It remains unclear how the domestic waves arose and abated. To better understand this, we analyzed the pangenomic sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and characterized the molecular epidemiological features of the five epidemic waves in Japan. In this study, we performed deep sequencing to determine the pangenomic SARS-CoV-2 sequences of 1,286 samples collected in two cities far from each other, Tokyo Metropolis and Nagoya. Then, the spatiotemporal genetic changes of the obtained sequences were compared with the sequences available in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. A total of 873 genotypes carrying different sets of mutations were identified in the five epidemic waves. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that sharp displacements of lineages and genotypes occurred between consecutive waves over the 2 years. In addition, a wide variety of genotypes were observed in the early half of each wave, whereas a few genotypes were detected across Japan during an entire wave. Phylogenetically, putative descendant genotypes observed late in each wave displayed regional clustering and evolution in Japan. The genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 displayed uneven dynamics during each epidemic wave in Japan. Our findings provide an important molecular epidemiological basis to aid in controlling future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
Correlation of Kidney Size to Number of Renal Pyramids in the Goat Kidney
Authors: Ashton Leah , Gullekson Russ , Hurley Mary , Olivieri Marion 
Published: April 2022

Kidneys are composed of the renal cortex and renal medulla. The renal medulla is arranged into pyramidal‐shaped structures within the renal cortex of the kidney. Humans have an average of seven to eighteen renal pyramids per kidney. Little is known as to why there is such a large range in the average number of renal pyramids in this structure, which is why it would be beneficial to discover if there is a correlation in the size of the kidney and the number of renal pyramids within it. By calculating the mass and volume of each kidney, a relationship between density and number of renal pyramids may be found. Goat kidneys were collected, subjectively examined for dimension, and pyramid number was documented. Preliminary data demonstrates a correlation between kidney size and number of renal pyramids. Ultimately, this information may explain the influence the number of renal pyramids has on overall renal size and function.Support or Funding InformationDepartment of Biology and Mathematics of D'Youville College, Buffalo NY
RETINAL NONPERFUSION IN THE EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY STUDY SEVEN FIELDS COMPARED WITH WIDEFIELD FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Martin-Gutierrez Maria P. , Vermeirsch Sandra , Chandra Shruti , Agarwal Aditi A. K. , Selvam Senthil , Thottarath Sridevi , Vazquez-Alfageme Clara , Sen Piyali , Sivaprasad Sobha , Hykin Philip G. , Nicholson Luke 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In previous landmark studies on central retinal vein occlusion, retinal nonperfusion assessments were obtained using 7-field (7F) angiography. The widespread current use of widefield imaging allows better visualization of the peripheral retina and more comprehensive estimation of the total area of nonperfusion. The relationship between nonperfusion measurement of 7F and widefield angiography (WFA) in central retinal vein occlusion has not been studied. We aim to identify the correlation of retinal nonperfusion measured within the 7F and on WFA in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion.

Methods:
Retinal nonperfusion in participants with central retinal vein occlusion was determined using a 7F Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study template and the concentric rings method.

Results:
A total of 153 eyes were included. Pearson correlation test showed a near-perfect positive, linear correlation between the nonperfusion found in the 7F and total retinal nonperfusion on WFA (0.985 95% CI [0.793, 0.999]) The regression line equation for nonperfusion on 7F and WFA was y = 37 + 3.2x. Eyes with 0 disk areas (DA), >0 DA to 10 DA and >10 DA of nonperfusion on 7-fields had on average 23 DA 95% CI (19.20, 27.06), 45 DA 95% CI (35.75, 55.18), and 115 DA 95% CI (88.89, 142.05) on widefield respectively.

Conclusion:
There is a positive and linear relationship between nonperfusion measured by 7F and WFA in central retinal vein occlusion with more than 3-times the amount of nonperfusion identified on WFA. Despite <10 DA no areas of nonperfusion on 7F, there is typically at least 35 DA of nonperfusion on WFA whereas eyes with >10 DA of nonperfusion on 7F had at least 88 DA on WFA.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections: A Multicenter Pediatric Study
Authors: McAlpine Alastair , Robinson Joan L. , Barton Michelle , Balamohan Archana , Davies H. Dele , Skar Gwenn , Lefebvre Marie-Astrid , Almadani Ahmed , Freire Dolores , Le Saux Nicole , Bowes Jennifer , Srigley Jocelyn A. , Passarelli Patrick , Bradley John , Khan Sarah , Purewal Rupeena , Viel-Thériault Isabelle , Ranger Adrianna , Hawkes Michael T. ,   for the Paediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada
Published: April 2022

Background:
Infections complicate 5%–10% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts. We aimed to describe the characteristics and contemporary pathogens of shunt infections in children in Canada and the United States.

Methods:
Descriptive case series at tertiary care hospitals in Canada (N = 8) and the United States (N = 3) of children up to 18 years of age with CSF shunt infections from July 1, 2013, through June 30, 2019.

Results:
There were 154 children (43% female, median age 2.7 years, 50% premature) with ≥1 CSF shunt infections. Median time between shunt placement and infection was 54 days (interquartile range, 24 days–2.3 years). Common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (N = 42; 28%), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (N = 24; 16%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (N = 9; 5.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N = 9; 5.9%) and other Gram-negative bacilli (N = 14; 9.0%). Significant differences between pathogens were observed, including timing of infection (P = 0.023) and CSF leukocyte count (P = 0.0019); however, differences were not sufficient to reliably predict the causative organism based on the timing of infection or discriminate P. aeruginosa from other pathogens based on clinical features. Empiric antibiotic regimens, which included vancomycin (71%), cefotaxime or ceftriaxone (29%) and antipseudomonal beta-lactams (33%), were discordant with the pathogen isolated in five cases. There was variability between sites in the distribution of pathogens and choice of empiric antibiotics. Nine children died; 4 (44%) deaths were attributed to shunt infection.

Conclusions:
Staphylococci remain the most common cause of CSF shunt infections, although antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacilli occur and cannot be reliably predicted based on clinical characteristics.