bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of trametinib in combination with paclitaxel in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Authors: Sherman Eric Jeffrey , Michel Loren S. , Kriplani Anuja , Dunn Lara , Haque Sofia , Bang Deborah , Stein Sarah , Pfister David G. , Ho Alan Loh 
Published: June 2022

6088 Background: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) is a rare and highly aggressive tumor with extremely poor prognosis. Outside of the recent approval of dabrafenib/trametinib for BRAF mutant tumors, there are no other standard treatment available for metastatic ATC. The majority of ATC is driven through the MAPK pathway. Data in lung cancer suggested synergy with trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, and taxanes. Methods: In this pilot study we used Trametinib (2 mg) daily with Paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) administered weekly for the first 3 weeks out the 4 week-cycle. Restaging imaging was performed every 6-8 weeks (1.5-2 cycles). Eligible patients had ATC with baseline ECOG performance status ≤ 1 and were enrolled at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Prior treatment allowed. Prior brain metastases were allowed if treated and stable off of steroids. Primary objective was PFS at 6 months with the target of > 2 subjects out of 12 at the time point. Results: 12 patients (6 men and 6 women) were enrolled between 11/2017 and 10/2021. Seven (58%) had prior radiation to the neck; 4 (33%) had prior treatment (not including with radiation) for ATC; 1 (8%) had prior brain metastases. Three (25%) partial responses were reported, and five (41.67%) reported stable disease. Subjects with partial responses had a BRAF V600E mutation (1), BRAF fusion gene (1), and a RAS mutation (1). Median time on treatment was 10.5 weeks (3-47+ weeks). Median overall survival was 26 weeks (3-59+). Six-month progression free survival (PFS) was achieved in 3 patient (25%), one of whom remains on study. 2 patients discontinued treatment due to unacceptable toxicity. The most frequent adverse events observed (all grades) were anemia (75%), increased AST, diarrhea and leukopenia (all 50%). Grade 3/4 AEs included neutropenia (25%), with anemia, AST increased, febrile neutropenia, and lymphopenia, all 16.67%. Grade 4 reactions included lymphopenia (n = 2) and leukopenia (n = 1). Conclusions: Our target progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was observed on this study. The combination of trametinib and paclitaxel should be evaluated in a larger cohort of patients in the future. Clinical trial information: NCT03085056.
Apatinib versus placebo in patients with locally advanced or metastatic, radioactive iodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer: Post hoc analyses from the REALITY randomized clinical trial.
Authors: Lin Yan-Song , Qin Shukui , Li Zhiyong , Yang Hui , Fu Wei , Li Shaohua , Chen Wenxin , Gao Zairong , Miao Weibing , Xu Huiqin , Zhang Qing , Zhao Xinming , Bao Jiandong , Li Linfa , Ren Yuan , Lin Chenghe , Jing Shanghua , Ma Qingjie , Liang Jun , Chen Guang 
Published: June 2022

6095 Background: In the multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 REALITY study, apatinib significantly improved clinical benefits in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) compared to placebo with a tolerable safety profile in patients with progressive locally advanced or metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC). Here, we investigate the association between baseline characteristics and survival endpoints. Methods: Post-hoc analyses of PFS and OS were done in patients treated with apatinib according to the following subgroups: ECOG performance status (PS) (0 vs 1-2), thyroglobulin (Tg) ( < 223 vs ≥ 223 ng/mL), and tumor target lesions diameter ( < 33.2 vs ≥ 33.2 cm). Results: Among 92 patients with RAIR-DTC included in the study, 46 patients received apatinib. As of December 3, 2021, median PFS was 25.77 (95% CI 11.14-not reached [NR]) vs 11.08 months (95% CI 7.17-NR) for ECOG PS 0 / 1-2, though no statistical significance (HR 0.454, 95% CI 0.161-1.285, p = 0.1373). The median OS was significant prolonged in patients with ECOG PS of 0 compared with those ECOG 1-2 (not reached vs 29.42 months, 95% CI 18.87-NR; HR 0.199, 95% CI 0.054-0.733, p = 0.0152). In subgroups by Tg, median PFS was 25.77 (95% CI 9.11-NR) vs 11.08 (95% CI 5.65-NR) months for Tg < 223 / ≥ 223 ng/mL. A trend towards improved PFS was observed (HR 0.444, 95% CI 0.145-1.361, p = 0.1556). The median OS was significantly improved in patients with Tg < 223 in contrast to those Tg ≥ 223 ng/mL (NR vs 25.87 months, 95% CI 13.58-NR; HR 0.151, 95% CI 0.033-0.689, p = 0. 0147). The median PFS for tumor target lesions diameter < 33.2 cm was significantly improved relative to those ≥33.2 cm (25.77, 95% CI 11.14-NR vs 9.11 months, 95% CI 5.65-NR) with a significant difference (HR 0.289, 95% CI 0.097- 0.859, p = 0.0255); OS data in two subgroups were not mature (NR, 95% CI 29.42-NR vs NR, 95% CI 17.95-NR; HR 0.364, 95% CI 0.112-1.184, p = 0.0932). Conclusions: Post-hoc analysis indicated that among patients receiving apatinib, longer OS benefits were associated with better ECOG PS, lower Tg levels; longer PFS benefits were associated with smaller tumor diameter. These results suggest a better prognosis for early initiation of apatinib treatment in patients with RAIR-DTC. Clinical trial information: NCT03048877.
Photoresponse of porous silicon for potential optical sensing
Authors: Ahmed Shahzad , Khatun Sehba , Sallam Sahar , Ansari Arshiya , Ansari Zeeshan Alam , Kumar Rishi Ranjan , Hakami Jabir , Khan Afzal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, porous silicon (P-Si) structures were fabricated by anodizing n-type monocrystalline Si into an ethanoic-HF solution. Anisotropic electrochemical etching with constant time and current density was carried out to fabricate pores and their average diameter was found to be

. Raman spectra exhibited widened peaks for red, blue, and green wavelengths. The widened photoluminescence (PL) spectrum was blue-shifted owing to the quantum confinement effect. The P-Si exhibited an energy gap of 1.80 eV and manifested a direct bandgap. The photoresponse of the fabricated P-Si based device was studied at different laser irradiation wavelengthsin the range of 400–1100 nm. The best photoresponse was observed for 785 nm wavelength and the corresponding sensitivity was determined to be 9.4%. Hence, the P-Si can potentially be used for visible range photodetectors.
Fibrosis Risk in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Related to Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Sun Yifan , Hong Liang , Huang Zhe , Wang Lihong , Xiong Yanqin , Zong Shuhang , Zhang Rui , Liu Jun , Zang Shufei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease, associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the association of NAFLD fibrosis with the development of CKD in aged patients with T2DM.

Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 13 915 participants. A further 1734 individuals who had been followed annually for 5 years comprised the retrospective cohort study. Noninvasive markers, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4) were applied to determine NAFLD fibrosis risk.

Results
In the cross-sectional study, there was an additive interaction for NAFLD with increased risk of fibrosis and T2DM on CKD incidence. Logistic regression demonstrated that as NAFLD fibrosis risk progressed from low to intermediate and high, there was a stepwise increase in CKD in patients with NAFLD, T2DM, and those with coexistent NAFLD and T2DM when stratified by diabetes and fibrosis stage. FIB-4 had a much higher odds ratio (OR) value than NFS for prediction of CKD incidence. In the cohort study, individuals were grouped according to FIB-4 and NFS. Cox regression analysis showed that FIB-4 intermediate risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.268; 95% CI, 1.056-1.521) and high risk (HR 2.516; 95% CI, 1.970-3.214) were significant predictors of CKD progression. When NFS was applied, only high risk was a significant predictor.

Conclusion
NAFLD with an increased risk of fibrosis and presence of T2DM had an additive interaction on CKD incidence. Increased risk of NAFLD fibrosis was closely associated with CKD incidence and progression in aged T2DM patients. FIB-4 outperformed NFS as a noninvasive means to predict CKD development.
Vitamin D Metabolites Are Associated with Physical Performance in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: CARSWELL ALEXANDER T. , JACKSON SARAH , SWINTON PAUL , O’LEARY THOMAS J. , TANG JONATHAN C. Y. , OLIVER SAMUEL J. , SALE CRAIG , IZARD RACHEL M. , WALSH NEIL P. , FRASER WILLIAM D. , GREEVES JULIE P. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D receptor (VDR) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) relationships with physical performance.

Methods
In 1205 men and 322 women (94.8% White Caucasian, 22.0 ± 2.8 yr) commencing military training, we measured serum vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometry and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) by immunoassay), VDR SNPs (rs2228570, rs4516035, and rs7139166 by polymerase chain reaction genotyping), and endurance performance by 2.4-km run, muscle strength by maximal dynamic lift, and muscle power by maximal vertical jump.

Results
Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with 2.4-km run time and positively associated with muscle power (β = −12.0 and 90.1), 1,25(OH)2D was positively associated with run time and negatively associated with strength and muscle power (β = 5.6, −1.06, and −38.4), and 24,25(OH)2D was negatively associated with run time (β = −8.9; P < 0.01), after controlling for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, time outdoors, season, and body mass index. Vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and 24,25(OH)2D) together explained variances of 5.0% in run time, 0.7% in strength, and 0.9% in muscle power (ΔF P < 0.001). All performance measures were superior with low 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D ratio (P < 0.05). VDR SNPs were not associated with physical performance (ΔFP ≥ 0.306).

Conclusions
Vitamin D metabolites accounted for a small portion of variance in physical performance. Associations between vitamin D metabolites and run time were the most consistent. VDR SNPs explained no variance in performance. Greater conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2D, relative to 1,25(OH)2D (i.e., low 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D ratio), was favorable for performance, indicating 24,25(OH)2D may have a role in optimizing physical performance.
The social environment of the personality and its influence on criminal behavior
Authors: Zlokazov Kirill 
Published: June 2022

The study examines influence of the social environment on offender and criminal behavior. The relevance of study of social environment for prevention of deviant and delinquent behavior are showed. The organization of social environment of individual is considered. It is shown that it consists of socio-structural, referential and interactive components.
Socio-structural relations reveal a person's positions in social groups, communities and institutions, roles and functions is performed. Referent relations act as a basis for recognition of importance of people included in social environment. Interactive relations determine the possibilities of joint activity, resources of help and support, which the participants of the social environment can present to the person. It is noted that the social environment of the individual affects the involvement in criminal activity, determining the attitude to the criminal way of life. Concepts that reveal the instrumental and value influences of those around them on the decision to commit a crime are examined. The psychological consequences of social disorganization and social categorization that predetermine a person's attitude toward the criminal social environment are described. The influence of social environment on the termination of antisocial lifestyle is explained through the creation of conditions to change the person's perceptions of himself.
The results of the study is a conceptualization of the social environment of the individual, revealing its organization in a set of socio-structural, referential and interactive aspects. The model expands the understanding of the role of other people in the regulation of criminal behavior.
Nieznany diariusz Janiny Konarskiej. Początki francuskiego wychodźstwa Słonimskich (od 22 września do 7 listopada 1939 roku)
Authors: Budnik Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

Prezentowany tekst stanowi drugą część edytorskiego opracowania niepublikowanego dotychczas diariusza Janiny Konarskiej, żony Antoniego Słonimskiego, zamieszczonego w „Sztuce Edycji” z 2021 roku (nr 2). W tej części, zawierającej zapiski z okresu 22 września–7 listopada 1939 roku, Konarska opisała początki pary w stolicy Francji, próby odnalezienia się w nowym miejscu, a także kontakty z innymi wychodźcami z Polski, wśród których byli m.in. pisarze, ludzie kultury, politycy. Pierwsze dni w Paryżu to czas, w którym Słonimscy mogli odpocząć od wojennej zawieruchy (po opuszczeniu Polski musieli przedostawać się przez rumuńską, jugosłowiańską, włoską granicę), ale i okres, gdy pilnie śledzili doniesienia z Polski oraz innych części Europy, interesując się sytuacją na froncie. Mimo pozornie spokojniejszego czasu paryskie zapiski Konarskiej są nie mniej lapidarne, skrótowe i „rwane” niż wcześniejsze, pisane w ferworze ucieczki z kraju. Stanowią jednak cenny, oryginalny dokument z drugiej połowy 1939 roku.
Learning Zero-Sum Simultaneous-Move Markov Games Using Function Approximation and Correlated Equilibrium
Authors: Xie Qiaomin , Chen Yudong , Wang Zhaoran , Yang Zhuoran 
Published: June 2022

We develop provably efficient reinforcement learning algorithms for two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. To incorporate function approximation, we consider a family of Markov games where the reward function and transition kernel possess a linear structure. Both the offline and online settings of the problems are considered. In the offline setting, we control both players and aim to find the Nash equilibrium by minimizing the duality gap. In the online setting, we control a single player playing against an arbitrary opponent and aim to minimize the regret. For both settings, we propose an optimistic variant of the least-squares minimax value iteration algorithm. We show that our algorithm is computationally efficient and provably achieves an [Formula: see text] upper bound on the duality gap and regret, where d is the linear dimension, H the horizon and T the total number of timesteps. Our results do not require additional assumptions on the sampling model. Our setting requires overcoming several new challenges that are absent in Markov decision processes or turn-based Markov games. In particular, to achieve optimism with simultaneous moves, we construct both upper and lower confidence bounds of the value function, and then compute the optimistic policy by solving a general-sum matrix game with these bounds as the payoff matrices. As finding the Nash equilibrium of a general-sum game is computationally hard, our algorithm instead solves for a coarse correlated equilibrium (CCE), which can be obtained efficiently. To our best knowledge, such a CCE-based scheme for optimism has not appeared in the literature and might be of interest in its own right. Funding: Q. Xie is partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CNS-1955997] and by J.P. Morgan. Y. Chen is partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-1657420, CCF-1704828, and CCF-2047910]. Z. Wang acknowledges the National Science Foundation [Grants 2048075, 2008827, 2015568, and 1934931], the Simons Institute (Theory of Reinforcement Learning), Amazon, J.P. Morgan, and Two Sigma for their support.
Robust and Cost-Efficient Integrated Multiple Depot Vehicle and Crew Scheduling with Controlled Trip Shifting
Authors: Amberg Bastian , Amberg Boris 
Published: June 2022

For vehicle and crew scheduling in public bus transport, two concepts are intensively studied to reduce resource usage and minimize operational costs: Integrated, that is, simultaneous scheduling of vehicles and drivers, and resource scheduling with simultaneous trip shifting, that is, slightly modifying departure and arrival times of particular trips without changing their duration. Applying these two concepts can lead to highly cost-efficient and tight schedules. Unfortunately, such schedules are more susceptible to delays during operations. Furthermore, shifting of particular trips may have an unwanted impact on the original timetable structure as, for example, headways between consecutive trips of a line might be changed. In this work, we develop an integrated vehicle and crew scheduling approach with the possibility to shift scheduled trips controllably within small defined time windows. It is a Lagrangian heuristic based on column generation. In addition to minimizing planned costs, the approach aims at two further objectives: building robust schedules by minimizing the expected overall propagation of delays through the transport network and minimizing timetable alteration. To reduce the possible propagation of delays, the mutual dependencies between vehicle and crew schedules are taken into account during integrated scheduling. To increase both robustness and cost-efficiency, the possibility to shift trips within small defined time windows is used. Robust and cost-efficient vehicle itineraries and crew duties are generated in the column-generation pricing problems. Computational experiments on data sets from the real world show that resource usage can be further reduced compared with pure cost-efficient integrated scheduling, whereas resource schedules remain robust and timetable alterations can be minimized. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1154 .
The relative impact of interventions on sympatric Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A systematic review
Authors: Loeffel Melanie , Ross Amanda 
Published: June 2022

Background
In areas with both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria, interventions can reduce the burden of both species but the impact may vary due to their different biology. Knowing the expected relative impact on the two species over time for vector- and drug-based interventions, and the factors affecting this, could help plan and evaluate intervention strategies.

Methods
For three interventions (treated bed nets (ITN), mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)), we identified studies providing information on the proportion of clinical illness and patent infections attributed to P. vivax over time using a literature search. The change in the proportion of malaria attributed to P. vivax up to two years since implementation was estimated using logistic regression accounting for clustering with random effects. Potential factors (intervention type, coverage, relapse pattern, transmission intensity, seasonality, initial proportion of P. vivax and round of intervention) were assessed.

Results
In total there were 55 studies found that led to 72 series of time-points for clinical case data and 69 series for patent infection data. The main reason of study exclusion was insufficient information on interventions. There was considerable variation in the proportion of malaria attributed to P. vivax over time by study and location for all of the interventions. Overall, there was an increase apart from MDA in the short-term. The potential factors could not be ruled in or out. Although not consistently significant, coverage, transmission intensity and relapse pattern are possible factors that explain some of the variation found.

Conclusion
While there are reports of an increase in the proportion of malaria due to P. vivax following interventions in the long-term, there was substantial variation for the shorter time-scales considered in this study (up to 24 months for IRS and ITN, and up to six months for MDA). The large variability points to the need for the monitoring of both species after an intervention. Studies should report intervention timing and characteristics to allow inclusion in systematic reviews.
Risk factor-based analysis of community-acquired pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia: Microbiological distribution, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Hyun Hakjun , Song Joon Young , Yoon Jin Gu , Seong Hye , Noh Ji Yun , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo 
Published: June 2022

Background
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) lies in the intersection of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Although HCAP is excluded from the revised HAP guideline, reassessment for HCAP is needed considering its heterogeneous characteristics.

Methods
The microbiological distribution, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcomes in CAP, HCAP, and HAP were studied retrospectively. The susceptibility to standard CAP regimens (β-lactams plus macrolide or fluoroquinolone monotherapy) and rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections were evaluated in the CAP group and HCAP subgroups.

Results
In total, 933 cases were included (CAP, n = 557; HCAP, n = 264; HAP, n = 112). In the CAP and HCAP cases, Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.4% vs. 5.7%) and P. aeruginosa (9.2% vs. 18.6%) were the most common gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, 2.7%; methicillin-susceptible, 2.4%) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (20.5%) were the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in the HAP group, respectively. Higher susceptibility to levofloxacin was observed in CAP and HCAP isolates than that to β-lactam agents. However, levofloxacin non-susceptibility was significantly higher in long-term care facility (LTCF)-onset HCAP compared to community-onset HCAP (43.6% vs. 22.7%, P = 0.014).

Conclusion
HCAP showed higher rates of P. aeruginosa and MRSA infections than CAP. Empirical antipseudomonal therapy should be considered in the treatment of HCAP. Prior isolation of P. aeruginosa was the most important risk factor for P. aeruginosa infection.