bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Studies on the Initially Proposed Structure of Protoaculeine B: Discovery of Neuronally Active Heterotricyclic Amino Acids
Authors: Otsuka Kazunori , Miyahara Masayoshi , Takaki Sara , Wakabayashi Ryoya , Miyako Kei , Irie Raku , Takamizawa Satoshi , Sakai Ryuichi , Oikawa Masato 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, we report our results on the synthetic studies of the originally proposed structure of protoaculeine B, isolated from a marine sponge. Starting from tryptophan, two candidates of the suitably protected heterotricyclic subunits were stereoselectively synthesized over 8 and 16 steps, respectively. Furthermore, two diastereomeric heterotricyclic amino acids, finally synthesized, were found to be neuroactive: the (9S*,11S*)‐isomer with natural‐type configuration was hyperactive, whereas diastereomeric (9S*,11R*)‐isomer was hypoactive upon mice intracerebroventricular injection.
Anti‐ and Pro‐Nociceptive mechanisms in neuropathic pain after human spinal cord injury
Authors: Lütolf Robin , De Schoenmacker Iara , Rosner Jan , Sirucek Laura , Schweinhardt Petra , Curt Armin , Hubli Michèle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeficient endogenous pain modulation and increased nociceptive excitability are key features of central sensitization and can be assessed in humans by conditioned pain modulation (CPM, anti‐nociceptive) and temporal summation of pain (TSP, pro‐nociceptive), respectively. This study aimed to investigate these measures as proxies for central sensitization in subjects with chronic neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsIn paraplegic subjects with NP (SCI‐NP; n = 17) and healthy controls (HC; n = 17), parallel and sequential sham‐controlled CPM paradigms were performed using pressure pain threshold at the hand, that is, above lesion level, as test stimulus. The conditioning stimulus was a noxious cold (verum) or lukewarm water bath (sham) applied contralaterally. Regarding pro‐nociceptive mechanisms, a TSP protocol with individually‐adjusted pressure pain stimuli at the thenar eminence was used. CPM and TSP magnitudes were related to intensity and spatial extent of spontaneous NP.ResultsNeither the parallel nor sequential sham‐controlled CPM paradigm showed any significant inhibition of above‐level pressure pain thresholds for SCI‐NP or HC. Accordingly, no group difference in CPM capacity was found, however, subjects with more intense spontaneous NP showed lower inhibitory CPM capacity. TSP was observed for both groups but was not enhanced in SCI‐NP.ConclusionsOur results do not support altered above‐level anti‐ or pro‐nociceptive mechanisms in SCI‐NP compared with HC; however, they also highlight the relevance of spontaneous NP intensity with regards to the capacity of endogenous pain modulation in SCI subjects.SignificanceCentral sensitization encompasses deficient endogenous pain modulation and increased nociceptive excitability. These two mechanisms can be assessed in humans by conditioned pain modulation and temporal summation of pain, respectively. Our data demonstrates a lack of descending pain inhibition only in subjects with severe neuropathic pain which may hint towards central sensitization at spinal and/or supra‐spinal levels. Disentangling the mechanisms of endogenous pain modulation and neuronal hyperexcitability might improve mechanism‐based treatment of neuropathic pain in subjects with spinal cord injury.
Freshwater Sediment Toxicity Evaluation from Meso-Scale Spill Tests of Diluted Bitumen and Conventional Crude
Authors: Mehler W. Tyler , Xin Qin , Giacomin Marina , Dettman Heather D. , Goss Greg G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oil and gas development and transportation in many areas of the world, such as the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, are heavily monitored to minimize the environmental impacts of development and the risk of oil spills. However, oil spills to aquatic environments still occur. Although the science of oil spills has received considerable attention of late, uncertainty still remains in evaluating the fate and transport of oil spills as well as the effects of those spills on aquatic biota. Experiments using meso-scale spill tanks were used to examine the physical and chemical behavior of two types of oil, conventional crude (CC) and diluted bitumen (DB), under similar environmentally relevant scenarios (i.e., volume of spill, temperature, duration, wave action, and presence of river sediment). In addition, biological impact assessments via sediment toxicity testing collected from the oil spill tests were conducted. Sediments were evaluated for acute toxicity using three standard sediment test species: Hyalella azteca, Lumbriculus variegatus, and Chironomus dilutus. Sediments collected from the CC simulated spill showed a higher level of acute toxicity than sediments collected from spills with DB. Higher toxicity in the CC-contaminated sediment was supported by higher concentrations of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when compared with the DB-contaminated sediment, while the remaining PAH profile was similar between the contaminated sediments. The use of a meso-scale spill tank in combination with sediment bioassays allowed for the evaluation of oil spills under controlled and environmentally relevant conditions (e.g., nearshore high sediment loading river), and in turn provides assessors with additional information to identify the appropriate mitigation and remediation efforts needed in the event of future spills. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2797–2807. © 2022 SETAC
The knowledge domain and emerging trends in apple detection based on NIRS: A scientometric analysis with CiteSpace (1989–2021)
Authors: Ma Xueting , Luo Huaping , Liao Jiean , Zhao Jinfei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, 317 literature in the Web of Science (WoS) related to research on apple by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were drawn on the knowledge map of the number of literature, the co‐occurrence network of authors and institutions, the co‐occurrence and clustering of keywords based on CiteSpace. And a related analysis was carried out. Combined with the results of visual analysis and related literature, the research hotspots were sorted out and discussed. This paper provides a certain reference for relevant researchers to study in this field and provides a new method for macroscopically grasping the current status of apple quality detection research, which helps new researchers to quickly integrate into this field and obtain more valuable scientific information.
Use of front face fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis for monitoring biscuits' quality during aging
Authors: Ghnimi Hayet , Karoui Romdhane , Attia Hamadi , Chénè Christine , Ennouri Monia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, the potentiality of front face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS) for the evaluation of the quality of biscuits manufactured with butylated hydroxytoluene and pomegranate peel extract during aging was investigated. By using the principal component analysis, vitamin A and tryptophan spectra allowed a clear discrimination between biscuit samples according to the nature of antioxidants, while fluorescent Maillard reaction products spectra showed clear differentiation between samples according to the storage time. Clear differentiation between biscuits according to the used antioxidants and storage time was achieved by using common components and specific weights analysis. Using partial least‐squares regression, excellent prediction of water activity (R2 = 0.95), and L* values (R2 = 0.92), and approximate prediction of hardness (R2 = 0.78), b* values (R2 = 0.74), and moisture content (R2 = 0.74) were shown. However, the FFFS failed to predict a* values, primary and secondary oxidation products (R2 < 0.6).
A conceptual framework to describe and evaluate a socially accountable learning health system: Development and application in a northern, rural, and remote setting
Authors: Wood Brianne , Attema Ghislaine , Ross Brian , Cameron Erin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHealth care and academic institutions are increasingly committing to social accountability, a strategic shift that requires priorities, activities, and evaluations to be co‐determined with all relevant partners. Consequently, governments, accreditors, funders, and communities are calling for these institutions to communicate their progress towards social accountability. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework around a socially accountable learning health system. This article presents an integrated analysis of two studies: (i) a narrative review of 11 prominent social accountability and health services conceptual frameworks and (ii) a reflexive thematic analysis of 18 key informant interviews. Using a systematic conceptual framework development and integrated theory of change/realist evaluation methodologies, we describe a synthesis of these findings to develop a conceptual framework for describing and evaluating socially accountable health professional education. The resulting framework describes assessment phases of social accountability, transitions between phases, learning cycles, and the actors and systems that collectively mobilise social accountability at multiple levels in health and education systems. The framework can be used to evaluate interventions or characterise progress towards social accountability in different settings, as illustrated in the example at the end of the paper. The framework emphasises the significance of designing, mobilising, and evaluating social accountability as part of a contextualised learning health system.
Impacts of climate and forest management on suspended sediment source and transport in montane headwater catchments
Authors: Yang Yang , Safeeq Mohammad , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. , Asefaw Berhe Asmeret , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuspended sediment transport in montane headwaters is important to water quality and nutrient balances. However, predictions of sediment source and transport can be difficult, in part, because of a changing climate and increasing frequencies of disturbances. We used observations from 10 headwater streams in water year (WY; starting on 1st October ending on 30th September) 2007–2009 and 2013–2018 to determine the potential impacts of climate and forest management on suspended sediment delivery. We analysed hysteretic responses of suspended sediment for 76 events in five headwater catchments within a snow‐dominated site and another five within a lower‐elevation, rain‐snow transition site, in the mixed‐conifer zone of California's Sierra Nevada. Hysteresis patterns were predominantly clockwise at both sites, suggesting localized sediment sources such as streambeds and banks. The warmer, transition site exhibited a lower proportion of clockwise‐loop events, faster transport speed and higher peak sediment concentrations than the snow‐dominated site. This suggests extended sediment sources and increases in transport can occur as currently snow‐dominated areas become rain‐snow transitional. Over the nine water years, we observed similar hysteresis effects amongst years under drought, near‐average, and extremely wet conditions. Hence, fluctuations in precipitation amounts across years may not influence sediment source area substantially. Furthermore, we compared hysteresis metrics between the control, thin only, burn only and thin combined with burn catchments during the posttreatment period (WY 2013–2018). Hysteresis effects remained unchanged amongst treatments, which may be attributed to the combinations of low‐intensity operations implemented with best management practises combined with a four‐year drought (WY 2013–2016). Taken together, sediment sources in small headwater catchments will probably remain localized with changing precipitation levels and low‐intensity management operations, but it may be extended and potentially lead to higher sediment yields as the main hydrologic input shifts from primarily snow to a mix of rain and snow.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate promotes hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis in high‐fat diet mice through AMP‐activated protein kinase/acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC) pathway
Authors: Ling Junyi , Hua Lu , Qin Yi , Gu Tianye , Jiang Shengyang , Zhao Jianya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a hepatotoxic environmental organic pollutant that can cause aberrant lipid accumulation in the liver. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PFOS‐induced hepatic steatosis remains unclear. Our research showed that subchronic PFOS exposure inhibited AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, leading to increased acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, attenuated fatty acid β‐oxidation, and consequent liver lipid accumulation. We found that 1 mg/kg/day PFOS exposure significantly aggravated steatosis in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice, along with reduced AMPK activity. Oil Red O results showed that PFOS exposure caused fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. As predicted, PFOS treatment reduced the level of phosphorylated AMPK in a concentration‐dependent manner, leading to subsequent increase in ACC activity and lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with 200‐μM AMPK agonist AICAR alleviated PFOS‐induced ACC activation and lipid accumulation. In summary, our data highlight a crucial role of AMPK/ACC pathway in PFOS‐mediated liver lipid metabolic disorders.
Cytogenotoxicity assessment of 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin on HepG2/C3A cells and leukocytes
Authors: Castanha Ana Paula Martins , Almeida‐Terassi Laíza Moura , Guardado‐Yordi Estela , Matos Maria João , Maistro Edson Luis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract3‐(3,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin is a newly synthesized coumarin derivative with a potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study is to investigate the safety of this compound, determining the in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in HepG2/C3A cells. Cell viability has been investigated by the trypan blue staining test and MTT assay and the genotoxicity by the comet assay and micronucleus test, using concentrations between 0.01 and 10 μg/ml. The compound proved to be noncytotoxic in both cell lines, at all tested concentrations, protecting the cells from the DNA damage. In addition, this molecule does not show clastogenic/aneugenic effects when performing the micronucleus test with cytokinesis blockade. Based on the obtained data, and the conditions of the experiments, we can conclude that the 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin is a safe molecule up to a concentration of 10 μg/ml, which encourages further studies aiming to explore its potential as a drug candidate.
Zoledronate Reduces Height Loss Independently of Vertebral Fracture Occurrence in a Randomized Trial in Osteopenic Older Women
Authors: Reid Ian R , Bastin Sonja , Horne Anne M , Mihov Borislav , Gamble Gregory D , Bolland Mark J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Vertebral fractures are associated with height loss, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality and are an important endpoint for osteoporosis trials. However, height loss is associated with quality of life and mortality independent of associations with fracture. We have used data from a recent 6-year trial of zoledronate in 2000 osteopenic women aged &gt;65 years to assess the impact of the semiquantitative and quantitative components of the definition of vertebral fracture on the outcome of that trial, to determine what factors impacted on height loss and to test whether height loss can be used as a surrogate for vertebral fracture incidence. In the trial protocol, an incident vertebral fracture was defined as a change in Genant grade plus both a 20% and 4 mm decrease in a vertebral height. The addition of the quantitative criteria reduced the number of fractures detected but did not change the size of the anti-fracture effect (odds ratios of 0.49 versus 0.45) nor the width of the confidence intervals for the odds ratios. Multivariate analysis of baseline predictors of height change showed that age accelerated height loss (p &lt; 0.0001) and zoledronate reduced it (p = 0.0001). Incident vertebral fracture increased height loss (p = 0.0005) but accounted for only 0.7% of the variance in height change, so fracture could not be reliably inferred from height loss. In women without incident vertebral fractures, height loss was still reduced by zoledronate (height change: zoledronate, −1.23; placebo −1.51 mm/yr, p &lt; 0.0001). This likely indicates that zoledronate prevents a subtle but widespread loss of vertebral body heights not detected by vertebral morphometry. Because height loss is associated with quality of life and mortality independent of associations with fracture, it is possible that zoledronate impacts on these endpoints via its effects on vertebral body integrity. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Distinguishing and overlapping laboratory results of thrombotic microangiopathies in HIV infection: Can scoring systems assist?
Authors: Louw Susan , Jacobson Barry Frank , Mayne Elizabeth Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are at risk of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) notably thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Overlap between laboratory results exists resulting in diagnostic ambiguity.MethodsRoutine laboratory results of 71 patients with HIV‐associated TTP (HIV‐TTP) and 81 with DIC with concomitant HIV infection (HIV‐DIC) admitted between 2015 and 2021 to academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa were retrospectively reviewed. Both the PLASMIC and the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) DIC scores were calculated.ResultsPatients with HIV‐TTP had significantly (P < .001) increased schistocytes and features of hemolysis including elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/upper‐limit‐of‐normal ratio (median of 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 5‐12) vs 3 (IQR 2‐5)) but unexpectedly lower fibrinogen (median 2.8 (IQR 2.2‐3.4) vs 4 g/L (IQR 2.5‐9.2)) and higher D‐dimer (median 4.8 (IQR 2.4‐8.1) vs 3.6 g/L (IQR 1.7‐6.2)) levels vs the HIV‐DIC cohort. Patients with HIV‐DIC were more immunocompromised with frequent secondary infections, higher platelet and hemoglobin levels, more deranged coagulation parameters and less hemolysis. Overlap in scoring systems was however observed.ConclusionThe laboratory parameter overlap between HIV‐DIC and HIV‐TTP might reflect a shared pathogenesis including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and further research is required. Fibrinogen in DIC may be elevated as an acute phase reactant and D‐dimers may reflect the extensive hemostatic activation in HIV‐TTP. Inclusion of additional parameters in TMA scoring systems such the LDH/upper‐limit‐of‐normal ratio, schistocytes count and wider access to ADAMTS‐13 testing may enhance diagnostic accuracy and ensure appropriate utilization of plasma.
Automatic detector synchronization for long‐term imaging using confocal light‐sheet microscopy
Authors: Harder Alexander , Nagarajan Bhuvaneswari , Odermatt Benjamin , Kubitscheck Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an important tool in developmental biology. In this microscopy technique confocal line detection is often used to improve image contrast. To this end, the image of the illuminating scanned focused laser beam must be mapped onto a line detector. This is not trivial for long‐term observations, since the spatial position of the laser beam and therefore its image on the detector may drift. The problem is aggravated in two‐photon excitation LSFM, since pulsed laser light sources exhibit a lower laser beam pointing stability than continuous wave lasers. Here, we present a procedure for automatic synchronization between the excitation laser and detector, which does not require any additional hardware components and can therefore easily be integrated into existing systems. Since the recorded images are affected by noise, a specific, noise‐tolerant focus metric was developed for calculating the relative displacement, which also allows for autofocusing in the detection direction. Furthermore, we developed an image analysis approach to determine a possible tilt of the excitation laser, which is executed in parallel to the autofocusing and enables the measurement of three solid angles. This allows to automatically correct for the tilting during a measurement. We demonstrated our approach by the observation of the migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in two‐day‐old fluorescent Tg(olig2:eGFP) reporter zebrafish larvae over a time span of more than 20 hours.
Modeling the sorption of Ni(II) and Zn(II) by Mn oxide–coated sand: Equilibrium and kinetic approaches
Authors: Padilla Joshua T. , Selim H. Magdi , Gaston Lewis A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe behavior of metal cations in oxide‐dominated systems is controlled by sorption reactions, which in turn depend on pH. Descriptions of such reactions are of interest for contaminant monitoring or remediation efforts; however, widely used isotherms such as Freundlich or Langmuir neglect the effect of pH and are therefore limited in their applicability. Two pH‐dependent isotherms and their kinetic analogs were developed and evaluated regarding their ability to describe equilibrium and time‐dependent sorption of Ni and Zn by Mn oxide–coated sand (MOCS). The sorption of Ni and Zn by MOCS at pH 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 was investigated using batch equilibration and stirred‐flow techniques. The affinity of MOCS for either metal cation was highly pH dependent, with greater affinity at higher pH. Both isotherms described the batch data well. Flow interruption during stirred‐flow experiments indicated that chemical nonequilibrium existed between solution and sorbed phases of both Ni and Zn and that such nonequilibrium was greater with increasing pH. Both kinetic models provided good descriptions of the solution data from stirred‐flow experiments and correctly captured the effect of pH on chemical nonequilibrium. These models offer simple alternatives to surface complexation approaches and are expected to be easily applied to describe equilibrium and time‐dependent sorption of a wide range of metal cations by variably charged minerals or oxide‐coated media.