bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term ecological data confirm and refine conservation assessment of critically endangered swift parrots
Authors: Owens G. , Heinsohn R. , Crates R. , Stojanovic D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConservation assessments of threatened species are often limited by scarce data and parameter uncertainty. Predictive models, designed to incorporate this uncertainty, may be the only tool available to inform conservation assessments for data‐deficient species, but they are used surprisingly rarely for this purpose. The swift parrotLathamus discoloris the only critically endangered bird to be listed in Australia based on population viability analysis (PVA). We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the 2015 conservation assessment, which used sparse information, by incorporating new detailed and long‐term data. First, we updated a range of life history parameter estimates, and then we repeated the same PVA as per the original conservation assessment. This process confirmed our earlier finding that swift parrot nests were more likely to survive in places with high mature forest cover. We identify that high forest landscape integrity and abundant hollow‐bearing trees best predict nest daily survival rates. Based on the updated PVA, we predict a 92.3% population decline over three generations (11 years). This supported the predictions of the original conservation assessment, and the main benefit of the additional data was improved confidence in projections (the magnitude and direction of the population decline were similar between the original and updated PVAs). Our results demonstrate that meaningful trends can be inferred for species with imperfect information about their life history. Using predictive models like PVAs can help managers identify which life history parameters impact most on demographic trends. This information can guide targeted data collection so that ‘draft’ models can be later updated to improve certainty around population predictions.
Genetic support of a causal relationship between cannabis use and educational attainment: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry
Authors: Chen Dongze , Wang Xinpei , Huang Tao , Jia Jinzhu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsExcessive cannabis use may lead to lower educational attainment. However, this association may be due to confounders and reverse causality. We tested the potential causal relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) or life‐time cannabis use (LCU) and educational attainment.DesignBidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted. Our primary method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR, with a series of sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was performed to estimate any direct effect independent of intelligence, smoking initiation or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Setting and participantsEuropean ancestry individuals. The sample sizes of the genome‐wide association study ranged from 55 374 to 632 802 participants.MeasurementsGenetic variants of CUD, LCU or educational attainment.FindingsUsing univariable MR, we found evidence of a potential causal effect of genetic liability to CUD on a lower educational attainment [MR, 95% confidence interval (CI)inverse variance weighted (IVW) = −1.2 month (−1.9 month, −0.5 month); P = 0.0008]. However, we found no evidence of an effect of genetic liability to LCU on educational attainment [MR, 95% CIIVW = 0.5 month (−1.5 month, 2.6 month), P = 0.6032]. Reverse direction analysis suggested that genetic liability to higher educational attainment had a potential causal effect on lower risk of CUD [odds ratio (OR), 95% CIIVW = 0.39 (0.29, 0.52), P = 1.69 × 10−10]. We also found evidence of potential causal effect from genetic liability to higher educational attainment to higher risk of LCU [OR, 95% CIIVW = 1.35 (1.11, 1.66), P = 0.0033].ConclusionsGenetic liability to cannabis use disorder may lead to lower educational attainment. Genetic liability to higher educational attainment may also lead to higher life‐time cannabis use risk and lower cannabis use disorder risk. However, the bidirectional effect between cannabis use disorder and educational attainment may be due to shared risk factors (e.g. attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder).
The expression of NOTUM in replantation of severed fingers may be an important treatment factor
Authors: Li Bin , Xiao Libing , Ye Danhong , Zhong Siyi , Yan Qiaoyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfter years of development, digital replantation has become a mature treatment. Although the NOTUM gene has been shown to be involved in the formation of vertebrate nerves, whether it contributes to the osteogenic mechanism of severed finger replantation remains unknown. In response to this, this study investigates the specific details of NOTUM involvement in replantation of severed fingers.MethodsThe experimental subjects are patients with replantation of severed fingers from Shulan International Medical College of Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University. In addition to using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as an in vitro system, this experiment also involves quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarray analysis, cell counting Kit‐8, ethynyl deoxyuridine staining and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe expression level of NOTUM in the severed finger replantation group is lower than that in the normal group. NOTUM inhibits cell growth and cell transfer, osteogenic differentiation and β‐catenin gene expression in BMSCs. Luciferase reporter assay illustrated that β‐catenin wild type closely correlated with NOTUM. The inhibition of β‐catenin increases the effects of NOTUM on cell growth, cell transfer and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.ConclusionsConsidering that NOTUM can inhibit cell growth, cell transfer, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as the gene expression of β‐catenin, it may be a biomarker of osteogenic differentiation and a potential therapeutic target for replantation of severed fingers.
Clinical implications of uterine cultures obtained during urgent caesarean section
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Bussidan Shay , Glikman Daniel , Rechnitzer Hagai , Lowenstein Lior , Frank Wolf Maya 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPostpartum endometritis (PPE) is 12–25 times more common following caesarean sections (CS) performed after labour onset than after vaginal delivery. Risk factors for PPE include prolonged rupture of membranes (ROM), chorioamnionitis, prolonged labour, multiple cervical examinations and Group B Streptococcus colonisation of the lower genital tract.AimsWe compared uterine culture results and microbial antibiotic susceptibility according to ROM duration in emergent intrapartum CS. Secondary outcomes included PPE incidence, and identification of clinical and microbiological predictors of infectious postpartum morbidity.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective case series of intrapartum CS in which uterine culture was performed, associations with postpartum outcomes including postpartum microbiology are reported. The results were stratified by the duration of ROM (treated as a categorical variable). Univariate analysis was performed.ResultsPositive uterine cultures were identified in 15% of emergent CS and correlated with prolonged ROM. Escherichia coli was the sole pathogen isolated in preterm CS; the ampicillin resistance rate was 75%. Among women with positive uterine cultures, rates were increased for postpartum fever, re‐admission, PPE and surgical site infection. Cultures obtained from postpartum infections correlated with pathogens isolated from uterine cultures during CS in 46.1% of women. Positive uterine culture was related to umbilical cord pH < 7.1 (P = 0.017).ConclusionsObtaining routine intrauterine culture during intrapartum CS is of low risk and low cost, and relatively easy to perform. Further research should investigate clinical and health economic impacts of obtaining intrauterine culture during CS, influences on postpartum antibiotic treatment, and maternal and neonatal morbidity.
Risk factors for peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification
Authors: Riedl Jana C. , Misirkhanova Aminat , Musayeva Aytan , Wasielica‐Poslednik Joanna , Pfeiffer Norbert , Gericke Adrian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the phenotype, tear secretion and refractive changes of patients diagnosed with peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification (PHSCO).MethodsThis is a retrospective, interventional case series conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. Medical records of patients diagnosed with PHSCO were analysed. Sex, age, fluorescein tear film breakup time (FTBUT), Schirmer Test II, iris colour and hair colour were assessed. Objective refraction was evaluated at different time points and, in case of surgery, 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐five eyes of 112 patients (78.6% female, 21.4% male; mean age 56.2 ± 14.3) were included. The median FTBUT was 6 sec. (Q1: 4/Q3: 8.75; range 1–20 s) (measured in 70 eyes of 36 patients), the median Schirmer Test II was 8 mm (Q1: 5/ Q3:15; range 1–35 mm). In 83 patients (74.1%) both eyes were involved. In 86 eyes of 64 patients (55.3%) superficial keratectomy was performed. Sphere and cylinder changed significantly 1 month and 1 year postoperative compared to the pre‐operative objective refraction, while there was no significant change between 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.ConclusionWe found that PHSCO occurs mostly bilaterally in middle‐aged women and appears to be associated with decreased tear production and reduced tear film stability.
Fostamatinib for the treatment of Japanese patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A phase 3, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Ito Tomoki , Kowata Shugo , Hatta Yoshihiro , Fujimaki Katsumichi , Naito Kensuke , Kurahashi Shingo , Kagoo Toshiya , Tanimoto Kazuki , Saotome So , Tomiyama Yoshiaki ,   R788‐1301 Investigators
Published: December 2022

SummaryFostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in the United States, Canada and some European countries. We conducted a phase 3, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel‐group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in Japanese patients with primary ITP. Thirty‐four patients were randomised to fostamatinib (n = 22) or placebo (n = 12) at 100–150 mg twice a day for 24 weeks. Stable responses (platelet ≥50 000/μl at ≥4 of the 6 visits from weeks 14 to 24) were observed in eight (36%) patients on fostamatinib and in none of the patients on placebo (p = 0.030). Overall responses (platelet ≥50 000/μl at ≥1 of the 6 visits from weeks 2 to 12) were seen in 10 (45%) patients on fostamatinib and in none of the patients on placebo (p = 0.006). Patients on fostamatinib required rescue medication less often and experienced fewer bleeding symptoms than patients on placebo. Adverse events observed were mild or moderate and were manageable. No new safety signals were identified in Japanese patients with ITP.
Challenges of measuring empathic accuracy: A mentalizing versus experience‐sharing paradigm
Authors: Turner Rose , Vallée‐Tourangeau Frédéric 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmpathic accuracy, the ability to accurately infer the mental states of others, is essential to successful interpersonal relationships. Perceivers can interpret targets' emotional experiences by decoding facial and voice cues (mentalizing) or by using their own feelings as referents (experience‐sharing). We examined the relative efficacy of these processes via a replication and extension of Zhou et al. (Psychol Sci., 28, 2017, 482) who found experience‐sharing to be more successful but undervalued. Participants estimated targets' emotional ratings in response to positive, neutral and negative images in mentalizing or experience‐sharing conditions. Our analysis of absolute magnitudes of error showed similar levels of accuracy across process conditions (a non‐replication of Zhou et al.); however, our exploratory analysis of directional variation across valence using raw scores revealed a pattern of conservative estimates for affective stimuli, which was accentuated in the mentalizing condition. Thus, our exploratory analysis lends conceptual support to Zhou et al.'s finding that experience‐sharing represents the more successful process, and we replicated their finding that it was nevertheless undervalued. Extending Zhou et al., we also found that empathic accuracy was predicted by individual differences in fiction‐exposure. Future research may further examine the impact of individual differences and stimulus properties in the employment of empathic inferencing strategies.
Different functional alteration in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder across developmental age groups: A meta‐analysis and an independent validation of resting‐state functional connectivity studies
Authors: Liu Ningning , Liu Qianrong , Yang Ziqi , Xu Jie , Fu Guanghui , Zhou Yi , Li Haimei , Wang Yufeng , Liu Lu , Qian Qiujin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly complex and heterogeneous disorder. Abnormal brain connectivity in ADHD might be influenced by developmental ages which might lead to the lacking of significant spatial convergence across studies. However, the developmental patterns and mechanisms of ADHD brain connectivity remain to be fully uncovered.MethodsIn the present study, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for seed‐based whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity studies of ADHD published through October 12th, 2020. The seeds meeting inclusion criteria were categorized into the cortex group and subcortex group, as previous studies suggested that the cortex and subcortex have different temporal patterns of development. Activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the abnormal connectivity in different age groups (all‐age group, younger: <12 years, older: ≥12 years). Moreover, significant convergence of reported foci was used as seeds for validation with our independent dataset.ResultsAs with previous studies, scarce results were found in the all‐age group. However, we found that the younger group consistently exhibited hyper‐connectivity between different parts of the cortex and left middle frontal gyrus, and hypo‐connectivity between different parts of the cortex and left putamen/pallidus/amygdala. Whereas, the older group (mainly for adults) showed hyper‐connectivity between the cortex and right precuneus/sub‐gyral/cingulate gyrus. Besides, the abnormal cortico‐cortical and cortico‐subcortical functional connectivity in children, and the abnormal cortico‐cortical functional connectivity in adults were verified in our independent dataset.ConclusionOur study emphasizes the importance of developmental age effects on the study of brain networks in ADHD. Further, we proposed that cortico‐cortical and cortico‐subcortical connectivity might play an important role in the pathophysiology of children with ADHD, while abnormal cortico‐cortical connections were more important for adults with ADHD. This work provided a potential new insight to understand the neurodevelopmental mechanisms and possible clinical application of ADHD.
Evaluation of postcontrast images of intracranial tumors at 7T and 3T MRI: An intra‐individual comparison study
Authors: Cheng Kun , Duan Qi , Hu Jianxing , Li Chenxi , Ma Xiaoxiao , Bian Xiangbing , Duan Caohui , Xiong Yongqin , Lin Jiaji , Lu Haoxuan , Deng Linlin , Li Ze , Wei Mengting , Lyu Jinhao , Chen Ling , Lou Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrahigh‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for brain tumors in clinical practice.MethodsThirty patients with brain tumors underwent 7‐ and 3‐T MRI. The performance and diagnostic confidence of 7‐ and 3‐T MRI in the visualization of tumor details such as internal structure and feeding artery were evaluated by radiologists. Contrast‐enhanced region performance and tumor detail diagnostic confidence score (DCS) were calculated and compared between 7 and 3T using Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsIn 19 with obvious enhancement and 11 cases without obvious enhancement, 7‐ and 3‐T MRI showed similar performance. The tumors' internal structure and feeding artery were more clearly depicted by 7‐T MRI (62.2% and 54.4%, respectively) than by 3‐T MRI (2.2% and 6.7%, respectively). Furthermore, the mean DCSs of both internal structure and feeding artery were higher at 7T than at 3T (internal structure: 16.29 ± 9.67 vs. −5.79 ± 4.12, p = 0.028; feeding artery: 21.96 ± 6.93 vs. 4.46 ± 7.07, p = 0.028). The DCS was more significantly improved in the senior radiologist group.ConclusionBetter visualization of brain tumor details and higher tumor detail diagnostic confidence can be obtained with 7‐T MRI.
Effect of molecular hydrogen treatment on Sepsis‐Associated encephalopathy in mice based on gut microbiota
Authors: Han Qingqing , Bai Yuanyuan , Zhou Chunjing , Dong Beibei , Li Yingning , Luo Ning , Chen Hongguang , Yu Yonghao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn our experiments, male wild‐type mice were randomly divided into four groups: the sham, SAE, SAE + 2% hydrogen gas inhalation (H2), and SAE + hydrogen‐rich water (HW) groups. The feces of the mice were collected for 16 S rDNA analysis 24 h after the models were established, and the serum and brain tissue of the mice were collected for nontargeted metabolomics analysis.AimDestruction of the intestinal microbiota is a risk factor for sepsis and subsequent organ dysfunction, and up to 70% of severely ill patients with sepsis exhibit varying degrees of sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE). The pathogenesis of SAE remains unclear. We aimed to explore the changes in gut microbiota in SAE and the regulatory mechanism of molecular hydrogen.ResultsMolecular hydrogen treatment significantly improved the functional outcome of SAE and downregulated inflammatory reactions in both the brain and the gut. In addition, molecular hydrogen treatment improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and partially amended metabolic disorder after SAE.ConclusionsMolecular hydrogen treatment promotes functional outcomes after SAE in mice, which may be attributable to increasing beneficial bacteria, repressing harmful bacteria, and metabolic disorder, and reducing inflammation.
Gut microbial signatures and differences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia of emerging adulthood
Authors: Chen Yi‐huan , Zhou Cui‐hong , Yu Huan , Wu Wen‐jun , Wang Ying‐wei , Liu Ling , Hu Guang‐tao , Li Bao‐juan , Peng Zheng‐wu , Wang Hua‐ning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionGut microbial disturbance has been established as potential pathogenesis of mental disorders. However, the signatures and differences regarding patients with schizophrenia (SCH) or bipolar disorder (BD) in emerging adulthood as well as their subtypes have been poorly addressed.MethodsIn the present study, stool samples obtained from 63 emerging adult patients with schizophrenia (SCH), 50 with bipolar disorder (BD), and 40 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing; psychiatric symptoms and psychological, social, and professional functioning were also assessed.ResultsWe found that gut microbiota composition was remarkably changed in the patients with SCH and BD. Moreover, the distinct gut microbiome signatures and their potential function in bipolar depression (BP‐D) and SCH with predominantly negative symptoms (SCH‐N) as well as bipolar mania (BP‐M) and SCH with predominantly positive symptoms (SCH‐P) were also observed. Furthermore, we identified diagnostic potential biomarkers that can distinguish BD from HC (38 genera, AUC = 0.961), SCH from HC (32 genera, AUC = 0.962), and BD from Scheme (13 genera, AUC = 0.823). Potential diagnostic biomarkers that can distinguish BD‐D from SCH‐N (16 genera, AUC = 0.969) and BD‐M from SCH‐P (31 genera, AUC = 0.938) were also identified.ConclusionThis study provides further understanding of abnormal gut microbiome in emerging adulthood patients with SCH and BD and lay the potential foundation for the development of microbe‐based clinical diagnosis for BD and SCH.
On the role of internationalization of firm‐level corporate governance: The case of audit committees
Authors: Afzali Aaron , Martikainen Minna , Oxelheim Lars , Randøy Trond 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueMotivated by the agency theory and the findings of linguistic studies, we analyze the association between the internationalization of a firm's audit committee and its corporate governance.Research Findings/InsightsBased on data from 2159 publicly traded European firms from 15 countries for the period 2000–2018, we find that firms with foreign directors on their audit committees are associated with lower financial reporting quality. The association is mitigated by stronger country‐level investor protection and a higher similarity among intra‐committee languages. We further find that foreign directors on the audit committee are related to stock prices being less informative about future earnings.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationIn this study, we argue that language differences create communication difficulties that weaken social integration between foreign directors and the other parties involved in overseeing financial reporting, thus hampering their ability to monitor effectively.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe results indicate that foreign directors on a corporate board increase its independence. However, appointing foreign directors to the firm's audit committee may compromise the board's monitoring function.
Cannulation‐related adverse events of peripheral veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in heart transplantation: Axillary versus femoral artery cannulation
Authors: Ohira Suguru , Dhand Abhay , Hirani Rahim , Martinez Sabrina , Lanier Gregg M. , Levine Avi , Pan Stephen , Aggarwal‐Gupta Chhaya , Gass Alan L. , Wolfe Kevin , Spielvogel David , Kai Masashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn heart transplantation (HT), peripheral veno‐arterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is utilized preoperatively as a direct bridge to HT or postoperatively for primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Little is known about wound complications of an arterial VA‐ECMO cannulation site which can be fatal.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2021, outcomes of 80 HT recipients who were supported with peripheral VA‐ECMO either preoperatively or postoperatively were compared based on the site of arterial cannulation: axillary (AX: N = 49) versus femoral artery (FA: N = 31).ResultsPatients in the AX group were older (AX: 59 years vs. 52 years, p = .006), and less likely to have extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (0% vs. 12.9%, p = .040). Survival to discharge (AX, 81.6% vs. FA. 90.3%, p = .460), incidence of stroke (10.2% vs. 6.5%, p = .863), VA‐ECMO cannulation‐related bleeding (6.1% vs. 12.9%, p = .522), and arm or limb ischemia (0% vs. 3.2%, p = .816) were comparable. ECMO cannulation‐related wound complications were lower in the AX group (AX, 4.1% vs. FA, 45.2%, p < .001) including the wound infections (2.0% vs. 32.3%, p < .001). In FA group, all organisms were gram‐negative species. In univariate logistic regression analysis, AX cannulation was associated with less ECMO cannulation‐related wound complications (Odds ratio, .23, p < .001). There was no difference between cutdown and percutaneous FA insertion regarding cannulation‐related complications.ConclusionsGiven the lower rate of wound complications and comparable hospital outcomes with femoral cannulation, axillary VA‐ECMO may be an excellent option in HT candidates or recipients when possible