bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between pristine nC60 and bovine serum albumin by fluorimetry: assessment of inner filter effect corrections
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zheng Ye , Li Yuanjie , Liu Shufang 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionFluorescence spectrometry is widely used to investigate nanomaterial-protein interactions, a crucial component of nanomaterial safety evaluation. However, the inner filter effect (IFE) significantly distorts fluorescence data during the analysis of fullerene (nC60) -protein interactions. Systematic correction methods for this system are rarely reported.MethodsIn this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) served as the protein model, four mathematical formulas (Lakowicz, Gauthier, Tucker, and Chen models) were comparatively evaluated for IFE correction in fluorescence analysis. The correction results were compared to propose an optimal correction method for the interaction between nC60 and BSA. Binding parameters were calculated from corrected data, and quenching mechanisms were analyzed using Stern-Volmer equations.ResultsAt room temperature with low nC60 concentrations (&lt;2.0 × 10−5 mol/L), Chen’s model demonstrated optimal IFE correction accuracy. Corrected data indicated static quenching between nC60 and BSA, with a binding constant of K = 2.95 × 109 L/mol and approximately two binding sites.DiscussionThis study offers methodological guidance for IFE correction and accurate fluorescence analysis in the investigation of interactions between nanomaterials and biomolecules. Thus, it provides a reliable analytical method for the bio-safety assessment of nanomaterials.
The effect of moisture conditions and canal morphologies on the filling quality of iRoot SP with single-cone technique in root canals: an ex-vivo study
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Xiran , Zhang Jian , Que Kehua 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intraradicular moisture conditions and canal morphologies on the filling quality of iRoot SP with single-cone technique in root canals.Materials and methodsEighty-four human single-rooted premolars root canals were pair-matched with similar root canal volumes, aspect ratio (AR) curve shapes, and 3D models after micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning to establish baseline consistency. Root canals were then prepared and assigned to 4 experimental groups with respect to the moisture condition tested: (1) Paper point normal drying (2) ROKEO drying (3) Paper point preliminary drying (4) Wet, followed by filling with iRoot SP single-cone technique. The effects of moisture conditions on root filling quality were studied by calculating the volume percentage of voids through micro-CT scanning and the number and score of voids under dental operating microscope (DOM) observation of the cross-sectional slices. Then classified different cross-sectional anatomical morphologies of the root canals based on the AR value and their impact on the volume percentage of voids after root canal filling were evaluated.ResultsUnified the sample baseline through micro-CT pair-matching, both micro-CT and DOM provided complementary information showed that paper point normal drying and ROEKO drying displayed the lowest voids in terms of volume, number and score (P &lt; 0.05) after filling with iRoot SP single-cone technique in root canals. Further analysis revealed that the voids in different segments of the root canal under four moisture conditions ranked as coronal 1/3 &gt; middle 1/3 &gt; apical 1/3 (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the cross-sectional AR value of the root canal was positively correlated with the volume of voids within each moisture condition(P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe intraradicular moisture conditions and cross-sectional anatomical morphology had significant effect on the filling quality of iRoot SP with single-cone technique.
Transforming molecular diagnostics learning: the power of gamification in higher medical education
Authors: Zhu Hua , Zeng Wei , Chen Li 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionTraditional teaching models in molecular diagnostics often fail to engage students effectively, leading to superficial learning and limited development of core competencies.MethodsThis study evaluated the integration of gamified learning with collaborative inquiry learning to enhance student motivation and competencies improvement among 47 biotechnology undergraduates at Guilin Medical University. Participants engaged in a four-unit “Gene Detective” game, solving clinical cases through molecular techniques, earning skill points, and collaborative inquiry learning in group discussions.ResultsData from skill assessments, self-reported competency scales, final exam scores from the concurrent course, and post-course questionnaires revealed significant improvements in core competencies especially in critical thinking, curiosity, creativity and communication skill, with a positive correlation between game-based skill values and academic performance. Over 88% of students reported high engagement, and 79.6% reported increased learning interest.DiscussionWhile the hybrid model successfully promoted motivation and competencies development, challenges in enhancing collaborative skill and providing individualized support were identified. The findings underscore the potential of gamification in medical education and highlight future directions, including AI-driven personalization and refined collaborative tasks, to optimize learning outcomes.
Happiness in school organizations: the role of leadership (a scoping review)
Authors: Vale Andreia , Ribeiro Luísa Mota , Alves José Matias 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionEducational organizations are increasingly concerned with students’ well-being and happiness in order to improve the quality of learning and promote the sustainability of teaching. Literature has shown that teacher happiness is related to students’ happiness and contributes to better academic performance, greater motivation and psychological well-being. In an increasingly uncertain, unpredictable and competitive school organizational reality, it is important that top and middle leaders recognize the significant power they have to influence the members of their organization, whether positively or negatively. The practice of successful leadership in a school context is essential to promote positive environments and inspire confidence in teachers, technicians, educational assistants and students.ObjectivesMap the existing literature to understand the role of leadership in promoting student and teacher happiness in school environments.MethodologyA Scoping Review was carried out, following the guidelines proposed by PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), to ensure methodological validity and reliability. The research was carried out in five scientific databases, considering the defined eligibility criteria.Results and discussionA total of 17 articles were analyzed, as they met the established inclusion criteria. It was found that school happiness is promoted by factors such as a sense of belonging, interpersonal relationships, academic self-efficacy and teachers’ personal and pedagogical skills. Regarding the analysis of the role of leadership, it was possible to perceive that there are several styles that are related to happiness in the school environment.ConclusionThis review showed that the combination of leadership styles is fundamental, since there is no single leadership style that is considered effective for all contexts and situations, and it may vary depending on the school environment and circumstances.
Unravelling the dynamical characteristics of tropical cyclones: Amphan and Nisarga using ERA5 reanalysis
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Verma Saurabh , Lodh Abhishek 
Published: February 2025

Tropical cyclone (TC) is a rapidly intensifying storm over warm water of oceans, critically studied for its potential to inflict severe damage and pose life-threatening hazards. The present study focuses on exploring the pre- and post-cyclone characteristics of TC Amphan and Nisarga using ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) reanalysis. Our analysis reveals that the TC features, such as its intensity, life cycle, wind circulations, the warm-core structure evolution, and the related environmental factors, are consistent with India Meteorological Department observations. The presented results have indicated that maximum sustainable wind speed, central sea level pressure, lower troposphere temperature and lower stratosphere temperature along the radius from the TC center create a favourable condition that eventually leads to the formation and intensification of super and severe cyclonic storms, for example, Amphan and Nisarga, respectively. The analysis suggests that the atmospheric instability, TC formation, development, and energy for intensification are controlled mainly by the warmer-than-average Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal basin sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean region. The results indicated that the TC genesis and movement are well captured by ERA5, close to the observed best tracks provided by the India Meteorological Department, with an RMSE of ∼31 km. The vorticity budget analysis illustrates that in the developing and mature stages of TC, the tilting term converts horizontal vorticity into vertical vorticity via upward motion. During the dissipation phase, the tilting term reverses, resulting in a fall in vertical vorticity, which weakens or dissipates the TC intensity. Overall, the circulation pattern appears to reproduce most of the essential characteristics of the mature stage of TCs, like the eye and eyewall, highlighting the importance of near real-time high-resolution reanalysis datasets for exploring the details of extreme events.
The inverted U-shaped impact of the digital economy on indirect household carbon emissions — an empirical study based on CFPS
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Donglin , Gao Chenfeng , Wei Xiaochao 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionIn the era of the booming digital economy and global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, this study investigates how digital economy growth impacts indirect household carbon emissions (IHCEs). Understanding this relationship is critical, as the digital economy has the potential to both drive and mitigate carbon emissions, depending on its stage of development and regional context.MethodsUsing panel data from the 2014–2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a fixed effects model is applied to analyze the relationship between digital economy growth and IHCEs. The study examines regional variations, levels of digital economy development, and consumption categories to identify heterogeneous effects.ResultsThe findings reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and IHCEs. Initially, IHCEs rise due to increased consumption of energy-intensive products, but as digital technologies mature, emissions decline due to improved efficiency and sustainable consumption. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inverted U-shaped relationship is more pronounced in less developed digital economy regions, while in advanced regions, the relationship is less significant. Regionally, the eastern region, with its advanced infrastructure and green technologies, effectively curbs IHCEs, whereas the central region experiences increased emissions, and the western region exhibits the inverted U-shaped pattern. In terms of consumption, the digital economy significantly impacts housing and food-related emissions, while other categories show mixed or minor effects.DiscussionThese findings highlight the dual role of the digital economy in both driving and mitigating carbon emissions. Policymakers should adopt region-specific strategies, invest in digital infrastructure, and promote sustainable consumption practices to leverage the digital economy for carbon reduction. The study underscores the importance of managing expectations and addressing discrepancies between digital economy growth and its environmental impacts, offering valuable insights for achieving sustainable development goals.
EDN1 and NTF3 in keloid pathogenesis: computational and experimental evidence as novel diagnostic biomarkers for fibrosis and inflammation
Authors: Gong Hui , Liu Jing , Chen Nanji , Zhao Hengguang , He Bailin , Zhang Hongpei , Wang Wenping , Tian Yi 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo investigate the roles of oxidative stress-related differentially expressed genes (OSRDEGs) in keloid formation and explore their potential value in diagnosis and treatment.MethodsGene expression data from the GEO database, including GSE145725 and GSE44270 as training sets and GSE7890 as a validation set, were utilized. OSRDEGs were identified, followed by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Key genes were further screened through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. miRNA targets, transcription factors (TF), and potential drug targets of these genes were predicted. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to assess the association between OSRDEGs and immune cells, which was validated using GSE7890. Finally, the expression of key genes was experimentally validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.ResultsA total of 13 OSRDEGs were identified. WGCNA and functional enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were primarily involved in fibrosis and inflammatory processes in keloids, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, lymphocyte and monocyte proliferation, and inflammatory pathways involving IL-18 and IL-23. PPI network analysis, ROC analysis, and immune infiltration results identified Endothelin-1 (EDN1) and Neurotrophin-3(NTF3) as key genes with high sensitivity and specificity. These genes were positively and negatively correlated with activated mast cells, respectively, suggesting their dual regulatory roles in fibrosis and inflammation. External dataset validation, qPCR, correlation analysis, HE staining, and IHC results demonstrated that EDN1 and NTF3 were highly expressed in keloid tissues and were associated with excessive collagen deposition and immune cell infiltration.ConclusionEDN1 and NTF3, as OSRDEGs, play critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of keloids. They may contribute to fibrosis and inflammation through the regulation of oxidative stress, the MAPK signaling pathway, and mast cell activation. These findings highlight EDN1 and NTF3 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for keloids.
Hsa_circ_0001756 drives gastric cancer glycolysis by increasing the expression and stability of PGK1 mRNA
Authors: Qian Long , Wang Luman , Chen Hao , Wang Song , Hou Yinfen , Xu Li , Xia Yabin , Xu Maoqi , Huang Xiaoxu 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionStrategies for preventing high glycolysis in tumour cells are urgently needed. CircRNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in glycolysis. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of hsa_circ_0001756 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we detected the expression of hsa_circ_0001756 in GC tissues and cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR). Construct a silencing and overexpression vector to validate the role of hsa_circ_0001756 in GC. Pulldown and RIP experiments were conducted to verify the identification of miRNA and protein binding to hsa_circ_0001756.ResultsThe expression level of hsa_circ_0001756 in GC tissues and cells is significantly upregulated. The expression level of hsa_circ_0001756 is closely related to TNM stage and tumour size in patients with GC. The proliferation and migration of hsa_circ_0001756-expressing cells in vitro were assessed by functional experiments. Hsa_circ_0001756 was found to not only promote the expression and stability of PGK1 by binding with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) but also promote glycolysis through the miR-185-3P/PGK1 pathway. We found that the regulatory relationships of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with hsa_circ_0001756may affect glycolysis in GC.ConclusionThis study provides a theoretical basis for designing drugs that target molecules related to energy metabolism in tumours and provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of GC.
Factors affecting the efficacy of small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with chronic abdominal pain
Authors: He Xinlong , Xu Qing , Xue Hanbing 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAbdominal pain is a common clinical symptom, and the role of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in the evaluation of abdominal pain remains a subject of ongoing debate. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the efficacy of SBCE in patients with chronic abdominal pain.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients presenting with chronic abdominal pain as the primary complaint who underwent SBCE at Renji Hospital from January 2014 and January 2023. Data collection included patient demographics and relevant influencing factors, such as hospitalization status, anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, hypertension, and diabetes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the factors associated with SBCE transit status and positive outcomes.ResultsA total of 524 patients were included in the study, of whom 113 presented with DUGT and received conservative observation, pharmacological treatment, or endoscopic intervention as appropriate. The overall completion rate was 97.1%. Hospitalization status, diabetes, and anemia were identified as risk factors for DUGT in multivariate analyses. Positive lesions were detected in 160 cases, yielding an overall lesion detection rate of 30.5%. Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis indicated that anemia (hemoglobin &lt;90 g/L) and elevated inflammatory markers were associated with a higher rate of positivity.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study found that hospitalization status, diabetes, and anemia as significant risk factors for DUGT in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Furthermore, we found that SBCE is highly effective in detecting lesions in patients with chronic abdominal pain combined with anemia and elevated inflammatory markers.
Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Wu Miaohui , Huang Baoliang , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, a prevalent chronic liver condition, can cause severe complications like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP - 1RA) have shown unique therapeutic advantages and may become a preferred treatment for it. This meta-analysis aims to systematically examine GLP-1RA associated adverse events, providing a basis for guiding patient clinical management.MethodsWe conducted a search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the therapeutic effects of GLP-1RA in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search period extended from the inception of each database until December 2023. Information pertaining to various adverse events was collected as outcome measures. Statistical analysis of the results and assessment of bias risk were conducted utilizing Review Manager (version 5.4.1) software.ResultsAn analysis of 10 studies encompassing 960 participants revealed a significantly higher overall incidence of adverse events in the GLP-1RA group compared to the control group (OR: 2.40 [1.10, 5.26], P = 0.03). Subgroup analysis based on treatment duration demonstrated a higher rate of adverse events in the GLP-1RA group during follow-ups of less than 30 weeks (P = 0.0005, OR: 3.58 [1.75, 7.32]), but no statistical difference was observed between the two groups in follow-ups exceeding 30 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in adverse events leading to discontinuation (P = 0.29, OR: 1.47 [0.72, 2.98]). However, a notable difference was observed in gastrointestinal adverse events (P &lt; 0.00001, OR: 4.83 [3.36, 6.95]).ConclusionGLP-1RA exhibits an overall higher incidence of adverse events in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, particularly in the gastrointestinal domain. Short-term use of GLP-1RA may be associated with a greater occurrence of adverse events, underscoring the importance of educating patients on preventive measures and establishing tolerance. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in severe adverse events and adverse events leading to discontinuation, confirming the safety profile of GLP-1RA application.
Enhancing autophagy mitigates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and neuronophagocytosis
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Li Yun , Ma Kun , Su Guohai 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAutophagy, a regulator of inflammation, has been implicated in various central nervous system pathologies. Despite this, the role and mechanisms of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation are not clear. This study investigated whether autophagy can play a neuroprotective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation.MethodsPrimary microglial cells and male C57BL/6 J mice were treated with LPS, autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, 3-MA), or autophagy activators (rapamycin). Cell viability, NF-κB pathway activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, M1 polarization, autophagy markers, and neuronal damage were evaluated via various techniques including CCK-8 assay, Western blot analysis, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and histological staining.ResultsLPS (1 μg/mL) effectively inhibited cell viability, stimulated the expression of IκB-α and NF-κB, and simultaneously suppressed autophagy protein expression. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 showed a significant increase. Contrary to the effect of 3-MA, the rapamycin treatment inhibited the polarization of microglia cells to the M1 type in the various groups of microglia cells after LPS stimulation. This was evidenced by decreased expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CD86, and increased expression of Arg-1, IL-10, and CD206. In vivo experiments found that mice with injections of LPS and 3-MA in the lateral ventricle showed significantly increased expression of IκB-α and NF-κB in brain tissues, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased autophagy levels, and increased necrotic neurons. There was increased aggregation of microglia cells and increased neuronophagocytosis. Conversely, mice injected with rapamycin showed enhanced neuronal cell autophagy, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, and reduced neuronophagocytosis.ConclusionEnhancing autophagy can effectively mitigate LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and neuronophagocytosis, thereby protecting neuronal integrity. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in neuroinflammatory conditions.