bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population-Level Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring Technologies for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in Canada: A Modeling Study
Authors: Rotondi Michael A. , Wong Octavia , Riddell Michael , Perkins Bruce 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
Maintaining healthy glucose levels is critical for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the most efficacious and cost-effective approach (capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG] or continuous [CGM] or intermittently scanned [isCGM] glucose monitoring) is not clear. We modeled the population-level impact of these three glucose monitoring systems on diabetes-related complications, mortality, and cost-effectiveness in adults with T1D in Canada.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used a Markov cost-effectiveness model based on nine complication states for adults aged 18–64 years with T1D. We performed the cost-effectiveness analysis from a single-payer health care system perspective over a 20-year horizon, assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of CAD 50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Primary outcomes were the number of complications and deaths and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CGM and isCGM relative to SMBG.

RESULTS
An initial cohort of 180,000 with baseline HbA1c of 8.1% was used to represent all Canadians aged 18–64 years with T1D. Universal SMBG use was associated with ∼11,200 people (6.2%) living without complications and ∼89,400 (49.7%) deaths after 20 years. Universal CGM use was associated with an additional ∼7,400 (4.1%) people living complications free and ∼11,500 (6.4%) fewer deaths compared with SMBG, while universal isCGM use was associated with ∼3,400 (1.9%) more people living complications free and ∼4,600 (2.6%) fewer deaths. Relative to SMBG, CGM and isCGM had ICERs of CAD 35,017/QALY and 17,488/QALY, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Universal use of CGM or isCGM in the Canadian T1D population is anticipated to reduce diabetes-related complications and mortality at an acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold.
National trends in the achievement of recommended strategies for stroke prevention in US adults with type 2 diabetes, 2001-2018
Authors: Kuo Shihchen , Yang Chun-Ting , Herman William H. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Ye Wen 
Published: July 2022

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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To assess the national prevalence of and trends in achieving current guideline-recommended treatment goals and pharmacotherapies for primary and secondary prevention of stroke among US adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods</strong>: We performed serial cross-sectional analyses in 4,834 adults aged ≥45 years with T2D who participated in the 2001-2018 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Surveys. Stratified by stroke history, we estimated the proportion of adults with T2D who achieved current guideline-recommended strategies for stroke prevention. Preventive strategies for stroke were benchmarked against diabetes care and cardiovascular risk reduction guidelines.</p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>: Overall in 2001-2018, among those without stroke history, the proportion who achieved primary stroke prevention strategies ranged from 8.4% (95% confidence interval, 6.8%-10.1%) for aspirin/clopidogrel treatment in those with a higher cardiovascular disease risk to 80.5% (78.8%-82.2%) for non-smoking. Among those with stroke history, the proportion who achieved secondary stroke prevention strategies ranged from 11.8% (8.7%-14.8%) for weight control to 80.0% (74.9%-84.9%) for glycemic control. From 2001 to 2018, among those without stroke history, there was a significant increase in statin therapy (P-trend<0.0001), smoking abstinence (P-trend=0.01) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment for hypertension (P-trend=0.04), but a substantial decline in weight control (P-trend<0.001). Among those with stroke history, only statin therapy (P-trend=0.01) increased significantly over time. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: During 2001-2018, the achievement of some current guideline-recommended strategies for stroke prevention among US adults with T2D improved but remains a challenge overall. Efforts are needed to improve implementation of strategies for stroke prevention in this population.</p>
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La responsabilidad por riesgo
Authors: Uribe García Saúl 
Published: July 2022

La responsabilidad por ríesgo no es más que la aplicación de la teoría del riesgo a la responsabilidad civil extracontractual. Como prolegómeno, baste decir que la entrada al mundo jurídico de la teoría del riesgo sirvió para poner en jaque a la dogmática y milenaria culpa como fundamento de la responsabilidad civil, fue el primer criterio objetivo de imputación y sin duda alguna el centro de los más polémicos debates entre los partidarios de la culpa y los partidarios de la responsabilidad civil ausente de toda idea de culpa. La mayoría de la doctrina se refieren a la responsabilidad objetiva o por riesgo, cosa que no es cierta porque el riesgo no es el único criterio objetivo de imputación.
Flexibilización laboral ¿para qué?
Authors: Mejía Restrepo Alfonso Tito 
Published: July 2022

El término flexible 5 de acuerdo con el diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua Española, significa "que tiene disposición para doblarse fácilmente" o "para acomodarse al dictamen de otro". En Colombia se viene usando este término, desde mucho antes de la reforma al Régimen Laboral que concluyó con la expedición de la Ley 50 de 1990, y se ha seguido utilizando de manera continua cada vez que se plantea la necesidad de una reforma en este campo. Pero nos hemos preguntado, ¿para qué sirve la llamada "Flexibilización Laboral" en nuestro país?.
"El régimen de contratación de las empresas de servicios públicos, domiciliarios de carácter oficial"
Authors: Rojas López Juan Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

El Régimen jurídico que regula la prestación de los servicios públicos, específicamente los servicios públicos domiciliarios, ha variado sustancialmente, desde que la clásica noción de servido público comenzó a entrar en crisis, debido a las transformaciones sociales, políticas y, especialmente, económicas del entorno internacional, hasta la actualidad, en la que la actividad de servicio público es considerada como una actividad económica de gran trascendencia social. Colombia, no ajena a esta nueva realidad internacional, ajustó su ordenamiento jurídico desde la propia Constitución Política, creando un escenario jurídico acorde con los requerimientos del mercado, para garantizar, con ello, la posibilidad de libre competencia económica entre los operadores públicos y privados. En este contexto, es en el que las empresas oficiales prestadoras de servidos públicos, han sido dotadas de un régimen contractual que les permite competir con los operadores privados, y frontar los nuevos retos sociales y económicos de un mundo globalizado.
Elementos históricos y jurídicos de nuestro sistema concordatario
Authors: Alzate Salazar Efraín 
Published: July 2022

Hablar de las relaciones del Estado colombiano con la sede Apostólica de Roma, constituye una seria tarea, que requiere se convierta en una reflexión equilibrada un tanto lejos de dogmatismo y apreciaciones ligeras que en muchos casos acompañan la investigación histórica. Para acercarnos a esta tarea, es necesario remitirnos a los senderos de historia Republicana, la cual se puede decir no es tan larga que digamos. Hay que tener en cuenta que al producirse la Independencia, no sólo heredamos la fe católica, apostólica, romana, sino también los poderes Eclesiásticos que se hallaban en plena flor merced al patronato real, y que los patriotas una vez en el poder, lo reclamaron como cierto privilegio legado por la madre España.
¿Cuánto de FLOSS hay en la industria de software de Argentina?
Authors: Morero Hernán , Ortiz Pablo , Motta Jorge , Dávila Esmeralda 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo se propone aportar estadísticas para el caso argentino sobre la relevancia del FLOSS (Free/Libre Open Source Software) a nivel de producción empresarial. Ello se realiza en base a un análisis descriptivo de la “III Encuesta sobre Innovación en el sector de Software de la Argentina 2019”. Primeramente se evalúa el grado de importancia que tiene el FLOSS a nivel de producción y ventas en el sector. En segundo lugar, se presenta qué clases de FLOSS realizan las empresas argentinas indagadas en la encuesta. Y por último, se comparan una serie de aspectos comportamentales y de desempeño (en materia de vinculaciones, innovación y capacitación) entre empresas FLOSS y no FLOSS. El artículo concluye que la mayor parte de las empresas de software de la muestra produce o utiliza software libre u open source. Y que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas ni en el tamaño, ni en el comportamiento o el desempeño entre las empresas que producen y/o proveen servicios en base a FLOSS y las no FLOSS.
Citizens Mistreatment Among Public Servants in Social Public Services
Authors: Kozjek Tatjana , Brezovar Nejc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Public servants’ decisions that are inconsistent with citizens’ interests can lead to the mistreatment of public servants. The purpose of the research was to found out how the HRM practices in public organizations are related to the perception of fairness (procedural and distributive justice), and how the positive and negative moods of public servants are related to the citizens’ mistreatment. The research was made in local government, public schools, health centres and hospitals. A total of 1,729 respondents answered all the questions. Reliability as the questionnaire’s internal consistency was measured by Cronbach α for each multi-item scale. Four linear regression models were built. The results show that HRM is positively and statistically significantly associated with the perception of procedural justice. Furthermore, public servants’ negative affect is positively and statistically significantly associated with all four dimensions of citizen mistreatment (ambiguous citizen expectations, dealing with a disliked citizen, citizen verbal aggression, and disproportionate citizen expectations).
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ МЕТОДІВ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРАНСМІСИВНИХ ІНФЕКЦІЙ, ЩО ПЕРЕДАЮТЬСЯ КЛІЩАМИ ТА КОМАРАМИ
Authors: Marchuk O. M. , Podobivskiy S. S. , Fedoniuk L. Ya. 
Published: July 2022

In many European countries, research is being conducted on the presence of various pathogens of infections transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes by various methods, primarily by polymerase chain reaction. These include the study of certain species of spirochetes that cause multisystem disorders in the human body, including the little-known circulation of some species of Borrelia species and Ticks Borne Encephalitis Virus in northeastern Germany and the study of various stages of mite development in western Pomerania, Slovenia; study of eco-epidemiology of B. miyamotoi spirochetes and Lyme borreliosis in the popular hunting and recreational forest belt of Hungary, comprehensive studies by T. Chmielewski, J. Fiett, M. Gniadkowski, S. Tylewska-Wierzbanowska in the study of such a multisystem and multilevel disease as Lyme disease.
We performed PCR studies based on ticks and mosquitoes, EDTA blood, cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid of patients affected by the bites of these arthropods. Ticks and mosquitoes were suspended and DNA/RNA was extracted depending on the pathogen and amplified. They were aimed mainly at detecting DNA-containing pathogens: B. burgdorferi s. l., (complex B. sensu stricto, B. afzelii, B. garini), B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, E. muris, E. chaffeensis, B. species and RNA-containing tick-borne encephalitis virus.
To optimize research methods, a simultaneous combination of detection of all DNA-containing pathogens and a separate study of RNA-containing tick-borne encephalitis virus is used, which facilitates their faster detection. This reduces the time to get results.
In our search, we have chosen to use a unified methodology we developed, which helps to give the results of determinations to clinicians as soon as possible to confirm or refute the diagnosis and monitor the epidemiological situation regarding the infection of ticks and mosquitoes.
The use of our methodology allows us to conduct research to identify pathogens and obtain results in the time allotted for the full cycle of research. It saves time and electricity, the equipment itself is stored during its use.
For the first time, mosquito studies were performed for the presence of DNA fragments of Babesia species and RNA of tick-borne encephalitis virus, which gave an intermediate positive result.
ВИТОКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ КАФЕДРИ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ БІОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕТОДИКИ НАВЧАННЯ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН У СИСТЕМІ «ЗВО-ШКОЛА» (до 50-річчя кафедри)
Authors: Stepaniuk А. V. , Zhyrska H. Ya. , Mishchuk N. Y. , Barna L. S. , Drobyk N. М. , Hrubinko V. V. 
Published: July 2022

The article identifies and characterizes two strategic factors that influenced the formation of the Department of General Biology and Methodology of Teaching Natural Sciences as a holistic open self-regulatory system. In particular, an important factor was the organizational and methodological as well as research activities of the heads of the department, I. V. Shust, A. V. Tsarenko, V. V. Hrubinko, who contributed to the formation of a new generation of scientists and lecturers, the emergence of scientific schools and the development of new areas of biological and methodological investigations. A new impetus to intensify the activities of the teaching staff in all areas was the association of the Department of General Biology with the Department of Methodology of Teaching Natural Sciences, which had a positive effect on cooperation between employees of higher pedagogical education with teachers of secondary schools and pupils. It has been defined that the development of collective scientific topics of pedagogical direction served as the basis for the development and implementation of a model of partnering relationships organization in the "Higher educational establishment – school" system, a systemically important factor of which is the implementation of the principles of child centeredness and student centeredness in parity collaboration of participants in the educational process. The model is based on various types of innovative activities regarding cooperation between schools and higher educational establishments in three promising areas: working out the mechanisms of interaction between secondary schools and higher educational establishments in order to modernize the forms and methods of organizing the educational process; creating conditions for professional self-determination of pupils and increasing the level of competence of future university entrants; creation by higher education establishments of an educational environment for teachers to implement lifelong learning.
In the process of implementing the model, a number of modern forms of interaction between educational institutions have been tested. In particular, preparation and approbation of textbooks, teaching and methodical manuals for pupils and teachers, carrying out of joint master classes, trainings, workshops, scientific and methodical seminars, conferences, forums, etc.; organization of career guidance events – Doors Open Days, festival of professions "Hospitality in TNPU", All-Ukrainian career guidance Olympiad in Biology, functioning of the Summer Chemical and Biological School of TNPU "My future professional choice"; development and implementation of educational programs of postgraduate education for advanced training and professional development of teachers of biology and natural sciences .
ПРОЯВИ ОКИСНОГО СТРЕСУ ТА МЕТАБОЛІЧНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ У DANIO RERIO ЗА ДІЇ ФОСФООРГАНІЧНИХ ПЕСТИЦИДІВ
Authors: Bodnar O. I. , Khatib I. , Goryn O. I. , Soroka O. V. , Nimko Kh. I. , Chernik I. V , Kovalska G. B. 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of roundup and malathion in environmentally relevant and subtoxic concentrations on the metabolic processes of zebrafish Danio rerio. Pesticide toxicity was assessed by changes in the activity of enzymes catalase, succinate dehydrogenase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, protein phosphatase and caspase 3.
Roundup has been shown to activate catalase, protein phosphatase, and caspase-3, whereas malathion induces caspase 3 only. At the same time, the studied organophosphate pesticides caused a significant decrease in glutathione transferase and succinate dehydrogenase compared to the control, especially under the action of malathion. Moreover, under the influence of malathion there was a decrease in the activity of protein phosphatase and catalase. As for glutathione reductase, the subtoxic concentration of roundup caused its activation, and the ecologically real concentration of malathion caused its inhibition. In sum, malathion caused more noticeable toxic effects in zebrafish than roundup.
Therefore, organophosphate pesticides carry significant risks of toxic effects on fish as non-target organisms, which is important to consider when choosing agronomic maintenance options for the harvest and the potential danger to the environment.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF METHODOLOGY OF DEVELOPING PRODUCTIVE GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS LEARNING ENGLISH AFTER GERMAN THROUGH INDIVIDUAL WORK
Authors: DANYLENKO OKSANA 
Published: July 2022

The article dwells on the results of the experimental verification of the effectiveness of the suggested methodology of developing productive grammatical competence of prospective teachers learning English after German in the process of independent work. The process of organization and the stages of the experimental teaching have been described, the obtained results have been analyzed, interpreted, and verified with the help of mathematical methods of statistics.
We formulated the hypothesis, which was verified through the experimental study. The hypothesis states that the process of developing productive grammatical competence of students learning English after German will improve under the conditions of using the suggested methodology, which implies: 1) gradual development of grammatical competence in speaking and writing (preparatory, stereotypical, variational stages); 2) the possibilities for positive transfer of knowledge, skills, linguistic and learning experience from the first foreign language and the prevention of interference from the first foreign language; 3) the development of students’ grammatical awareness by means of the exercises with the reflective component and the exercises aimed at the development of students’ learning and strategic competence; 4) giving students greater autonomy within the individual work under the less rigid control of a teacher.
The two variants of the methodology were suggested: model A and model B. The obtained data provided the effectiveness of model A. The students demonstrated higher results in grammatical accuracy and fluency in speaking and writing. The results of the experimental study proved the suggested hypothesis.
FEATURES OF EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: BABYCH PAVLO , ALEKSIEJEVA HANNA 
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of teaching people with special needs in an inclusive educational environment of vocational schools. It becomes especially relevant in the context of Ukrainian education integrational process into the European educational context. Reforms and modernization of education, which are currently taking place as a part of social transformations, require ensuring full access to high quality education for young people with special educational needs. Reforming of the Ukrainian educational system provides establishment of an inclusive paradigm with an emphasis on educational support and adaptation of educational factors. This has led to public demand for transformation and modernization of vocational education. The lack of funding from the state is emphasized as the reason for the insufficient material and technical base of vocational schools: the inability to provide with educational facilities in accordance with the norms and standards set by public authorities, in particular for people with hearing impairments.
The authors describe the effective means of teaching people with hearing impairments in the inclusive educational environment of vocational schools. The content, forms and methods of implementing the author’s methods of teaching computer science at vocational schools in inclusive area are presented. They are included in the list of the components of educational and professional training programs: computer typesetting operator (СП(ПТ)О 4112.DE.22.00 – 2020); telecommunications operator (СП(ПТ)О 4229 J.61.00 – 2019); operator of machine tools with software control (СП(ПТ)О 8211.С.25.62 – 2017); information processing and software operator СП(ПТ)О 4113 J. 62.00-63.10 – 2017); operator of machine tools with software control (ДСПТО 8211.СО.28.52 – 2014).
The experience of teaching people with special needs in an inclusive educational environment of the Ukrainian vocational education institutions is analyzed, generalized, and the need to develop a Standard of vocational education for teaching people with special needs in an inclusive educational environment is outlined. The authors outline the prospects for the use of the developed methodology in future educational and professional training programs for applicants for vocational education.
Speed Estimation Using Extended Kalman Filter Technique
Authors: Hussen Ayad Kasem 
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a state estimation technique for speed senseless field oriented control of induction motors. The theoretical basis of each algorithm is explained in detail and its performance is tested with simulations using MATLAB package VER.6.3. A stochastical nonlinear state estimator, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is presented. The motor model designed for EKF application involves rotor speed, dq-axis stator currents. Thus, using this observer the rotor speed and rotor fluxes are estimated simultaneously. Different from the widely accepted use of EKF, in which it is optimized for either steady- state or transient operations, here using adjustable noise level process algorithm the optimization of EKF has been done for both states; the steady-state and the transient-state of operations.
The effect of some heat treatments on the properties of medium carbon steel
Authors: Yaqub Jawdat Ali , Abas Ihsan Fadhel , Hamed Najat Najmaldeen 
Published: July 2022

The present study is aimed to compare between the effect of the modified isothermal annealing with conventional full annealing and normalizing on the properties of medium carbon steel by full annealing and normalizing tensile test and otherdisclike shape specimens by heating them at (860Ċ) for (15min); followed by slowly cooling inside furnace for the former treatment and by air cooling for the later to room temperature. The modified isothermal annealing was conducted by heating eight group of specimen (each groups includes a tensile and adisclike shape specimen ) respectively at (860Ċ) for (15min) ,then slowly cooled inside furnace to different temperatures(760,700,600,560,460,380,340,and 260) Ċ then each group issoaked at one of those temperatures for an (1hr), then air cooled to room temperature .Larger (σT) which exceed (800 Mpa) and(VHN) values of the treated specimens at (760Ċ) were obtainedwhen compared with those obtained by normalizing. While an increase was took place in value of the treated specimens ∈%at (260Ċ) over its value when full annealed , hence the formability was improved by treating at. (260Ċ) isothermallywith a reduction in consumed electric energy because of the shorter thermal cycle. Also the toughness was considered by evaluating the restricted areas under stress – strain curves. Finally the resulted variations in microstructures were observed by optical microscope.