bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEART-TO-ANKLE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AS USED IN CARDIO-ANKLE VASCULAR INDEX (CAVI) AND CAVI_0 IS A NEARLY DIASTOLIC WAVE SPEED METRIC
Authors: Giudici Alessandro , Khir Ashraf W. , Reesink Koen D. , Delhaas Tammo , Spronck Bart 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and CAVI_0 are arterial stiffness indices based on the heart-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV). haPWV is derived from the heart-to-ankle transit time (haTT = tb+tba) as haPWV = L/haTT, with L an estimated transit distance. tb is the time difference between aortic valve closure (causing the aortic dicrotic notch) and the dicrotic notch in the brachial pressure waveform; tba is the time difference between the diastolic feet in the brachial and ankle pressure waveforms. CAVI and CAVI_0 aim to normalise haPWV for blood pressure at the time of measurement. As tb and tba are determined at different pressures — tb at dicrotic notch pressure (P_notch); tba at diastolic blood pressure (DBP; Fig. C) — determining the pressure that governs haPWV (P_haPWV) and hence should ideally be used for normalisation of haPWV is not trivial. CAVI uses P_m = (SBP+DBP)/2 to normalise haPWV, whereas CAVI_0 uses DBP (SBP: brachial systolic blood pressure). We aim to analytically estimate P_haPWV and compare this to the normalisation pressures used in CAVI and CAVI_0.

Design and method:
Consistent with CAVI/CAVI_0 assumptions, the arterial tree was assumed to consist of tubes with exponential pressure-diameter relationship and uniform stiffness index beta_0, allowing us to calculate PWV at P_notch (PWV_notch) and at DBP (PWV_DBP; Fig. A). P_notch was calculated as 0.55DBP+0.45SBP [Adji et al.,J Hypertens 2012;30:1540–1551]. The resulting PWVs, together with heart-to-ankle (L_ha=170 cm) and heart-to-brachial (L_hb=38 cm) path lengths [Alastruey et al.,11th Int Conf Press Surges 2012;401–442] (Fig. B), allowed analytically estimating tb and tba: tb=L_hb/PWV_notch and tba=(L_ha-L_hb)/PWV_DBP. P_haPWV was finally estimated as the weighted average of P_notch and DBP using tb and tba as weights.

Results:
Choosing SBP/DBP=120/80 mmHg (and hence P_m=100 mmHg) and beta_0 = 10 yielded tb = 0.048 s and tba = 0.187 s, giving P_haPWV = 84 mmHg. This implies that P_haPWV was much closer to DBP (as used in CAVI_0) than to P_m (as used in CAVI). This result was only marginally influenced by blood pressure: e.g., SBP/DBP = 160/90 mmHg (P_m = 125 mmHg) yielded P_haPWV = 96 mmHg.

Conclusions:
DBP offers a more accurate estimate of P_haPWV than Pm, supporting the utility of CAVI_0 as an enhancement of CAVI.
AORTIC REACTIVITY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN A RAT MODEL OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Masszi Gabriella , Várbiró Szabolcs , Tarszabó Robert , Bányai Bálint , Péterffy Borbála , Lajtai Krisztina , Gerszi D. , Ruisanchez Éva , Szíva Réka , Korsós-Novák Ágnes , Benko Rita , Hadjad Leila , Benyó Zoltán , M-Horvath Eszter 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and vitamin D deficiency are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, whereas vitamin D deficiency is a common comorbidity in PCOS that may contribute to the pathogenesis and complications of the disease. Our aim was to investigate the role of vitamin D status on the aortic function of hyperandrogenic female rats showing the symptoms of PCOS.

Design and method:
Female Wistar rats received an 8-week-long transdermal Androgel treatment to induce hyperandrogenism, another group remained untreated. Half of each group was fed with vitamin D reduced rat chow, while the other half received normal chow with further supplementation of vitamin D. Norepinephrine-induced contraction, acetylcholine, insulin, and estrogen-induced relaxation of thoracic aortae was examined by wire myography. Elastic fiber density was evaluated on resorcin-fuchsin stained tissue sections. Estrogen receptor alpha, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) density and protein tyrosine nitration (NT) was measured by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
There was no difference in the norepinephrine-induced contraction of the aortas between experimental groups. Reduced acetylcholine-, insulin- and estrogen-evoked relaxation was observed in vitamin D deficient groups. A lower level of resorcin-fuchsin staining and elevated 3- nitrotyrosine immunostaining was observed in non-hyperandrogenic vitamin D deficient rats. eNOS staining intensity was reduced by vitamin D deficiency, while COX-2 density was increased by testosterone treatment. Estrogen receptor alpha density was increased by testosterone treatment but reduced by vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated an early endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of vitamin D deficient polycystic ovary syndrome. Vitamin D supplementation could prevent vascular damage. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency itself led to decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased nitrative stress. Vitamin D deficiency also led to decreased estrogen receptor alpha and eNOS density independently from hyperandrogenism. Vitamin D deficiency found in approximately 80% of PCOS women may have a significant role in the development of vascular dysfunction and may contribute to their increased cardiovascular risk.
SHORT-TERM HIGH SALT INTAKE ADVERSELY AFFECTS PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM RESERVOIR-EXCESS PRESSURE ANALYSIS AND CENTRAL ARTERY HAEMODYNAMICS IN OVERWEIGHT/OBESE ADULTS
Authors: To Cynthia , Aizawa Kunihiko , Gates Phillip E. , Parker Kim H. , Hughes Alun D. , Shore Angela C. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The association between high salt intake and blood pressure is well-recognised. In overweight/obese individuals, obesity-associated hyperinsulinaemia augments renal sodium reabsorption and in combination with high salt intake this may alter blood pressure and arterial haemodynamics. We determined whether short-term high salt intake altered reservoir-excess pressure and central artery haemodynamic parameters in overweight/obese individuals.

Design and method:
We studied 15 middle-aged and older adults (59.3 ± 6.4 yrs, 5F) who were overweight/obese with elevated systolic blood pressure (130 < SBP < 159 mmHg). In a double-blind cross-over design, they were randomly assigned to seven days of low salt diet (LSD: 50 mmol/day) or high salt intake (HIS: LSD with 200 mmol/day of sodium tablets) separated by a two-week washout period. The parameters derived from reservoir-excess pressure analysis including reservoir pressure integral, peak reservoir pressure (MAXPR), excess pressure integral (INTXSP), peak excess pressure (MAXXSP), systolic rate constant and diastolic rate constant (DRC) were obtained by radial artery tonometry. Additionally central artery haemodynamic parameters including aortic systolic pressure (aSBP), diastolic pressure (aDBP), pulse pressure (aPP) and subendocardial viability index (SVI) were derived from ensemble-averaged radial pulse waveform using generalised transfer function. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) was estimated as proposed by Hughes et al (Front Physiol. 2020).

Results:
MAXPR (111.0 ± 10.9 vs 105.4 ± 10.4 mmHg), MAXXSP (41.7 ± 12.0 vs 36.6 ± 5.7 mmHg) and DRC (2.0 ± 0.4 vs 1.8 ± 0.3 s-1) were higher following HIS compared to LSD (p < 0.05). There was no convincing evidence that INTXSP was greater following HIS than LSD (6.9 ± 3.2 vs 5.8 ± 1.6 mmHg s, p = 0.055). aSBP (126.3 ± 15.4 vs 117.6 ± 10.1 mmHg), aDBP (76.3 ± 6.2 vs 73.1 ± 6.3 mmHg) and aPP (50.0 ± 17.4 vs 44.5 ± 10.8 mmHg) were also higher following HIS compared to LSD (p < 0.05). SVI was similar between HIS and LSD (162.7 ± 29.6 vs 171.6 ± 25.0 %, p = 0.143). A greater aPWV was observed following HIS compared to LSD (5.6 ± 1.6 vs 4.9 ± 0.8 m/s, p = 0.034).

Conclusions:
Short-term HIS adversely alters reservoir function and central artery haemodynamics in overweight/obese adults. These observations suggest a potential mechanism that may increase cardiovascular disease risk associated with HIS in this population.
CHANGES IN BLOOD LIPIDS AFTER 2-MONTH OUTPATIENT AEROBIC TRAINING FOLLOWED BY 6-MONTH HOME-BASED TRAINING WITH HEART RATE MONITORING IN PEOPLE WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Zupkauskiene Jurate , Laucevicius Aleksandras 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate the changes in blood lipids after the 2-month outpatient aerobic exercise program (aEP) followed by the 6-month home-based aEP using a heart rate (HR) monitor in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Design and method:
A total of 132 people with MetS were included to the prospective study (mean age 52.4 ± 6.26 years, 54.5% female). At first, training HR was evaluated for each participant by performing an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on the cycle ergometer. Initially, all study subjects participated in the 2-month outpatient aEP, which consisted of 40 individual aerobic training sessions on a cycle ergometer 5 times/week for 40 min. During all training sessions, HR was maintained at the targeted level (ERS-2 Ergoline bicycle). All participants received recommendations for home-based training and were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 66) or control group (n = 66). Then only the intervention group participated in the 6-month home-based aEP using a HR monitor (Polar-H10), which was connected to the smartphone via Bluetooth. Special smartphone application enabled participants to keep their training HR during home-based exercises. Blood lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were assessed in all participants at baseline and after 8 months. Blood samples were obtained at rest, between 7 AM and 12 PM after overnight fast and abstinence from caffeine and at least 2 hours after smoking.

Results:
After 8 months, LDL-C level significantly reduced in the intervention and control groups (-0.30 ± 0.84 vs. -0.57 ± 1.12 mmol/L, p = 0.011 and p = 0.002, respectively). The significant reduction of TC level was present only in the control group (-0.58 ± 1.32 mmol/L, p = 0.001), but between-group difference was not significant (p = 0.475). After 8 months, HDL-C level significantly increased only in the intervention group by 6.3% (0.08 ± 0.22 mmol/L, p = 0.011) with significant between-group difference (p = 0.047). No statistically significant reduction of TG was observed in any of the groups (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
People with MetS, who participated not only in the 2-month outpatient aEP but also in the 6-month home-based aEP using a HR monitor, reached a greater increase of HDL-C.
THE ROLE OF DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION (DASH DIET) ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Pratistita Putu Tasya Pradnya , Marbun Maruhum Bonar 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine the role of the DASH diet on blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Design and method:
Online literatures were search through 3 databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. The literatures were selected based on clinical questions, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria. Articles that have successfully passed the selection stage will then be subjected to a critical review process.

Results:
There are two systematic review/meta-analysis of RCT literatures that have successfully passed the critical review, the study by Filippou, et al (2020) and Gay HC, et al (2016). Both studies have shown that the DASH diet intervention can significantly lower blood pressure.

Conclusions:
The DASH diet is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
THE ROLE OF MICROCIRCULATION ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE RESPONSE DURING EXERCISE STRESS TESTING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Zammanis Ioannis , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Tatakis Fotis , Drogkaris Sotirios , Kariori Maria , Polyzos Dimitrios , Manta Eleni , Siafi Eirini , Thomopoulos Costas , Andrikou Ioannis , Kakouri Niki , Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Exercise stress testing is regularly used to assess cardiovascular risk and a hypertensive response during exercise has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. On the other hand, the microcirculation is the major site of control of vascular resistance and thus has a key role in the etiopathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of a possible correlation between blood pressure and heart rate response during exercise with a microcirculation index (capillary rarefaction) in a cohort of hypertensive patients.

Design and method:
We studied 105 untreated patients with stage I-II essential hypertension (70% men, mean age: 59.5 years, mean office blood pressure: 150/92mmHg). Patients with diabetes mellitus, secondary hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, significant chronic renal or pulmonary disease and any other systemic illness or orthopedic problems that would not allow maximal effort on a treadmill were excluded. All participants underwent maximal exercise testing, using the Bruce protocol, as well as nail-fold videocapillaroscopy assessment by using VideoCap 3.0 videomicroscope.

Results:
A significant negative correlation between diastolic BP at minute-1 of the recovery phase and capillary density expressed in capillaries/mm was revealed (Pearson’s r = -0.365, p = 0.043). A significant negative correlation was also observed between capillary density and peak heart rate (Pearson’s r = -0.364, p = 0.024) as well as between heart rate increase from stage 1 to 2 and capillary density (Pearson’s r = -0.746, p = 0.013). Our study shows that in a small cohort of hypertensive patients, capillary rarefaction was associated with a steeper increase in heart rate during exercise, as well as with a higher peak heart rate and higher diastolic blood pressure values during the recovery phase.

Conclusions:
These findings could imply that new indices such as capillary rarefaction may provide insights into possible autonomic dysfunction and could also be taken into account in the assessment of hypertensive patients.
CHANGES OF VASCULAR REACTIVITY TO ADENOSINE A1 AND A2A RECEPTOR AGONISTS AFTER HYPERBARIC OXYGENATION
Authors: Djambic Vedran , Mihaljevic Zrinka , Drenjancevic Ines , Jukic Ivana , Kibel Aleksandar 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) affects vascular reactivitiy, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. New data suggest important effects of HBO on oxidative stress and alteration of production of vasoactive metabolites in blood vessels; however, the role of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors is still underinvestigated.This study aimed to determine the functional role of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors in changes of vascular reactivity in isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of Spague-Dawley rats, after acute and intermittent HBO.

Design and method:
Male and female healthy Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks were divided into 3 groups: CTRL (control non HBO), A-HBO (single animals exposed to HBO for 2 hours) and 4D-HBO (animals exposed to HBO at a pressure od 2 bars for 2 hours daily for 4 days, with vascular experiments conducted on the fifth day). The rats were anesthetized with ketamine-chloride (3 ml/kg) and midazolam (0,5 ml/kg) and decapitated. The MCA were isolated, cannulated and pressurized for 60’at 80 mmHg to assess basal diameter using pressure myograph Danish Myo Technology. A1 adenosin receptor selective agonist CCPA or A2a adenosin receptor agonist CGS in concentrations from 10–5 to 10–10 M were added to the vessel chamber, and blood vessel diameter was measured after incubation of the drug for 15 minutes. Statistical analyses were performed with Two-way ANOVA tests; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The vasoconstriction in response to A1 agonist administration was similar between the CTRL and 4D-HBO group, while it was significantly reduced in A-HBO compared to the CTRL and 4D-HBO groups. The vasodilation in response to A2a stimulation was significantly reduced in rats exposed to A-HBO and I-HBO compared to CTRL at higher drug concentrations (10–7 to 10–5 M).

Conclusions:
Acute exposure of rats to HBO leads to decrease in the vasoconstrictive response to adenosine A1 receptor stimulation, while acute and intermittent exposure of rats to HBO is associated with a decrease in the vasodilatory response of MCA to adenosine A2a receptor activation, suggesting that HBO alters sensitivity to or expression of receptors.
CUT-OFF VALUES OF FAT DEPOTS TO PREDICT CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES
Authors: Zheleznova Ekaterina , Zhernakova Yu , Pogorelova O. , Tripoten M. , Balakhonova T. , Blinova N. , Shariya M. , Chazova I. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The main aim of study was to investigate the cut-off values subcutaneous (SF), visceral (VF), periaortic (PF), epicardial (EF) fat associated with carotid atherosclerosis in young adult with abdominal obesity (AO), or with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Design and method:
There were 132 adult 18–45 y.o. in the study. We formed 3 groups: health (n = 16, M - 43,8%, av.ag. 32 [27; 35]); AO plus 1 or less sing of MS (AO) (n = 46, men(M) – 37,0%, av.ag. 40 [34; 43]), and MS (n = 70, M – 81,4%, av.ag. 40[35; 44]). Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood tests (fast glucose (FG) and glucose tolerance (GT), lipid profile, insulin were measured. MS was defined as AO (cut-off of > 80 cm in women (W) and > 94 cm in M) plus > 1 sign: HDL < 1,30(w)/1,04(m)mmol/l; triglycerides> 1,7mmol/l; FG> 5,6mmol/l; violation GT; BP> 140/90mmHg. SF, VF, PF, EF (range: -150 to -30 HU) was measured by computed tomography. We calculated ratio subcutaneous to visceral fat (RSV). Carotid plaque was defined by ultrasound as a focal structure that encroaches into the arterial lumen of at least 0.5 mm or 50% of the surrounding Intima-media thickness value or demonstrates a thickness> 1.5 mm. The number of ABPs in the carotid arteries was determined as the total number of all plaques in 6 segments - along both common carotid arteries (CCA), both bifurcations of the CCA, and both internal carotid arteries (ICA).

Results:
We found significant week relationship amount of carotid plaques with VF (r = 0,25, p < 0,01), PF (r = 0,24, p> 0,01), EF (r = 0,21 p> 0,05). We estimated cut-off levels of fat depots associated with carotid atherosclerosis (tab.1). Values of PF> = 7,8 cm3 was associated with an almost five-fold increase in the risk of having atherosclerotic plaques (p < 0.01). Values of VF> = 136,8 cm2 was associated with an almost 2.5-fold increase in the risk of having atherosclerotic plaques (p < 0.01). Values of EF> = 88,2 cm3 was associated with an 1.9-fold increase in the risk of having atherosclerotic plaques (p<0.01).

Conclusions:
Values of perivascular, visceral, epicardial fat depots may be considered as a markers of carotid atherosclerosis in young adults.
AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY FUNCTION IN OBESE ASTHMATIC INDIAN CHILDREN
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Lodha Rakesh 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Obesity and asthma are related conditions, however, the underlying mechanism between the two is not understood. This study aims to determine the correlations between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and spirometry parameters in obese asthmatic children.

Design and method:
In this study, 47 overweight/ obese asthmatic children (physician-diagnosed children with partly/ uncontrolled asthma as per Global Initiative forAsthma guidelines) were recruited from Pediatrics Chest Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. The measured height and weight were used to calculate BMI. BMI derived was categorized by using Z score tables of WHO-BMI for age standards for boys and girls between 5 and 19 years. Children were assessed using measurement of FeNO(NIOX1; Aerocrine, Solna, Sweden), and spirometry parameters were assessed using Superspiro MK2 Micro Medical Ltd, UK. Correlation between FeNO levels and spirometry parameters were investigated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

Results:
The mean ± SDage was 11.3 ± 2.5 years (males, n = 37), BMI = 24.91 ± 7.05 Kg/m2 and median (interquartile range) FeNO levels were 22.0 (17.0, 65.0) ppb. The mean ± SD predicted forced expiratory flow (FEF25–75) predicted was 83.5 ± 16.3%. The mean age of onset of asthma was 6.3 years. Twenty-four children had partly controlled asthma and 23 children had uncontrolled asthma. FeNO was significantly and inversely correlated with predicted FEF25-75 (r = -0.378, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
FeNO an easily measurable indicator of airway inflammation in combination with lung function may prove a useful tool in the asthma assessment and management in obese Indian asthmatic children.
RELATION BETWEEN TELOMERE DYNAMICS AND METABOLIC DISORDERS IN EARLY AGE
Authors: Toupance Simon , Kassari Penio , Labat Carlos , Soulis Georges , Manou Maria , Hollander Allyson , Charmandari Evangelia , Benetos Athanase 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
In adults, short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. The causality remains unclear since longitudinal studies do not show influence of metabolic disorders on LTL attrition. These associations could stem from early life interactions between telomere dynamics and metabolic disorders. To test this hypothesis, we measured, in obese children and their controls, LTL and its evolution over time and their associations with metabolic parameters.

Design and method:
73 children aged 2–10 years (mean 7.6 ± 2.0) at inclusion were followed between 2 and 4 years (one visit/year). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences), a body composition analysis and a complete biology were performed annually. LTL was measured by Southern blot and LTL attrition was calculated. Scores for metabolic parameters were created based on the mean value of the parameter throughout the study.

Results:
Mean LTL attrition was 67 ± 8 bp/year. Baseline LTL correlated negatively with BMI score (p = 0.02), fat percentage score (p = 0.01), glycemia score (p = 0.0007), and insulinemia score (p = 0.02). These associations persisted after adjustment for age and sex. Trends for negative associations were observed between baseline LTL and waist/hip score (p = 0.07), and Hb1Ac score (p = 0.07). No association was found between LTL attrition and any of the metabolic parameters.

Conclusions:
In young children, metabolic parameters are negatively associated with LTL but not with LTL attrition. These results indicate that either short TL is the cause of metabolic disorders or that these metabolic disorders increased LTL attrition very early in life probably before the age of 5 years.