bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing medical students’ perception and educational experience during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Low Ernest Z. , O’Sullivan Niall J. , Sharma Vidushi , Sebastian Isabella , Meagher Roisin , Alomairi Dalal , Alhouti Ebraheem H. , Donohoe Claire L. , Kelly Michael E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the traditional delivery of medical education. Medical education programmes have had to cope with limitations on face-to-face learning, and accelerate the adoption of digital learning. In addition, the pandemic has potential serious implications on the psychological well-being of medical students. We aim to assess the changes in perceptions and experiences of medical students as a consequence of this pandemic.MethodsCross-sectional survey of medical students at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) between March and April 2022 was performed. The survey explored student satisfaction with the current education program, teaching delivery and the impact of COVID-19 on education and student well-being.Results175 medical students participated in the survey. Overall, the majority of students were happy/neutral with their medical education. 93 (53.1%) felt tutorials and problem-based learning (PBL) to be the most effective method of teaching, followed by laboratory and clinical placements in 78 participants (44.6%) and hybrid-learning in 85 participants (48.6%). There was a mixed reaction to the changes in the delivery of education brought about by the pandemic. 67 participants (40.6%) felt happy with the changes, another 64 participants (38.8%) felt neutral, whilst only 34 participants (20.6%) were unhappy. However, most participants felt the pandemic negatively impacted their mental health, with 96 participants (55.8%) reporting negative responses. 58% of participants (n= 102/175) reported utilising the student support services at university campus and 49% (n= 50) were satisfied with their services.ConclusionDigital content and delivery confer the benefit of greater flexibility in learning, the ability to learn at one’s own pace and in a preferred environment, however lacks the advantage of bedside teaching and hands-on training. Our findings reinforce the potential advantages of online learning.
Estimation of Calcium Titanate or Erbium Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Normal HSF Cells
Authors: Mohamed Hanan R. H. , Ibrahim Maria M. H. , Soliman Esraa S. M. , Safwat Gehan , Diab Ayman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract Extensive uses of calcium titanate nanoparticles (CaTiO3-NPs) and erbium oxide nanoparticles (Er2O3-NPs) increase their release into the environment and human exposure, particularly through skin contact. However, there are almost no studies available on the effect of these nanoparticles on skin integrity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate CaTiO3-NP- or Er2O3-NP-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Cell viability was measured using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while the level of DNA damage was detected using the alkaline comet assay. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression level of p53, Bax, and Bcl2 genes were detected. Although the viability of HSF cells was non-markedly changed after 24 h, prolonged treatment with CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs for 72 h induced concentration-dependent death of HSF cells. Treatment of normal HSF cells with IC50/72 h of CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs did not cause marked changes in the intracellular level of ROS, DNA damage parameters, and expression levels of apoptosis genes compared to their values in the untreated HSF cells. We thus concluded that CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs cause time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity toward normal HSF cells. However, safe and non-genotoxic effects were demonstrated by the apparent non-significant changes in intracellular ROS level, DNA integrity, and apoptotic genes’ expression after exposure of normal HSF cells to nanoparticles. Thus, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to further understand the toxic and biological effects of CaTiO3-NPs and Er2O3-NPs.
Exploring the use of self-sovereign identity for event ticketing systems
Authors: Feulner Simon , Sedlmeir Johannes , Schlatt Vincent , Urbach Nils 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTicket fraud and ticket scalping activities often cause high costs as well as trust concerns for fans buying event tickets, especially in the secondary ticketing market. To address these issues, several publications and projects have proposed using blockchain technology to enable digital trust and ticket verifiability and thus to improve event ticketing systems. However, these approaches exhibit considerable privacy challenges and fall short concerning reliable, efficient visitor identification, which is necessary for controlling secondary market transactions. We demonstrate how a novel paradigm for end-user digital identity management, called self-sovereign identity (SSI), can be utilized to gain secondary market control. To do so, we follow a rigorous design science research approach to build and evaluate an SSI-based event ticketing framework. Our findings demonstrate that SSI-based event ticketing can enable efficient secondary market control by facilitating a practical implementation of the centralized exchange model. To generalize our results, we derive design principles for the efficient, reliable, and privacy-oriented ticket and identity verification and the use of revocation registries.
A mathematical treatment of the bump structure of particle-laden flows with particle features
Authors: Matsue Kaname , Tomoeda Kyoko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we consider particle-laden flows on an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. Previous experimental works have noted that a particle-rich ridge is generated near the contact line. We investigate the bump structure observed in particle-rich ridges in terms of Lax’s shock waves in the mathematical theory of conservation laws, explicitly considering the effect of particles with nontrivial radii on morphology of particle-laden flows. We also extract the dependence of radius and concentration of particles on the bump structure.
Refining the risk of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in people living with HTLV-1: identification of a HAM-like phenotype in a proportion of asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Harding Daniel , Rosadas Carolina , Tsoti Sandra Maria , Heslegrave Amanda , Stewart Molly , Kelleher Peter , Zetterberg Henrik , Taylor Graham P. , Dhasmana Divya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUp to 3.8% of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected asymptomatic carriers (AC) eventually develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). HAM occurs in patients with high (> 1%) HTLV proviral load (PVL). However, this cut-off includes more than 50% of ACs and therefore the risk needs to be refined. As HAM is additionally characterised by an inflammatory response to HTLV-1, markers of T cell activation (TCA), β2-microglobulin (β2M) and neuronal damage were accessed for the identification of ACs at high risk of HAM. Retrospective analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal routine clinical data examining differences in TCA (CD4/CD25, CD4/HLA-DR, CD8/CD25 & CD8/HLA-DR), β2M and neurofilament light (NfL) in plasma in ACs with high or low PVL and patients with HAM. Comparison between 74 low PVL ACs, 84 high PVL ACs and 58 patients with HAM revealed a significant, stepwise, increase in TCA and β2M. Construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each of these blood tests generated a profile that correctly identifies 88% of patients with HAM along with 6% of ACs. The 10 ACs with this ‘HAM-like’ profile had increased levels of NfL in plasma and two developed myelopathy during follow-up, compared to none of the 148 without this viral-immune-phenotype. A viral-immuno-phenotype resembling that seen in patients with HAM identifies asymptomatic carriers who are at increased risk of developing HAM and have markers of subclinical neuronal damage.
Predicting the fate and the biological treatment parameters of phenol in a wastewater from its initial concentration
Authors: Lotfy Hesham R. , Rashed Ibrahim G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microbial degradation is an important process for removing many organic chemicals from natural waters. The estimation of biodegradability of chemicals which reach the aquatic environment is necessary in assessing the hazard associated with their use. Phenol has many industrial applications and it finds its way into wastewater streams. It is toxic to several biochemical reactions. However, biological transformation of phenol to non-toxic entities is possible. In this article, the data of biodegradation of phenol at different concentrations were studied. For phenol concentrations equal to or less than 147 mg/L, the plateau (the stage associated with the termination of carbon) BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) was calculated to be 169.47% of the corresponding initial phenol concentration, the BOD of the biomass produced up to the plateau was calculated to be 70% of the corresponding initial phenol concentration. This study shows that the biomass produced up to the plateau, the plateau BOD, and the ultimate BOD can all be estimated for phenol concentrations less than 147 mg/L just if the initial phenol concentration is known and without having to repeat the time-consuming BOD experiments.
Application of polyurethane foam/zinc oxide nanocomposite for antibacterial activity, detection, and removal of basic dyes from wastewater
Authors: Moawed E. A. , Eissa M. S. , Al-Tantawy S. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new multifunctional nanocomposite was synthesized to combine both the advantages of sorption properties and antibacterial efficiency. The thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide nanocomposite was prepared by coupling thiourea polyurethane foam and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide was characterized using several tools. The change in the surface chemistry of the thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide nanocomposite (surface area was increased from 2.8 to 10.6 m2/g), due to the attached functional groups, increased its sorption properties. Also, the thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide showed a crystalline phase, embedded inside the amorphous structure, with good thermal stability to 230 °C. The pore volume and radius of thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide were 0.017 cm3/g and 3.4 nm with mesopores/micropores ratio of 11:1. It combines collecting pollutants on its surface, the ability to degrade these pollutants, and a good antibacterial effect. Thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide was applied for the removing toluidine blue and brilliant green basic dyes from the wastewater. Several parameters such as pH, dye concentration, temperature, and time were studied. The removal percentages of brilliant green and toluidine blue dyes from the wastewater were 92.4–98.2% at pH 3–12. Also, the removing rate of the dyes was very fast (3–5 min) at 25 °C. The estimated capacities of new nanocomposite for toluidine blue and brilliant green were 92 and 227 mg/g. The removal process was spontaneous (ΔG was − 7.3 and − 8.6). As a result, the applicability of thiourea polyurethane/zinc oxide as an effective renewable antibacterial sorbent for removing cationic dyes was maintained.
The association between childhood trauma and overweight and obesity in young adults: the mediating role of food addiction
Authors: Offer Samuel , Alexander Elise , Barbara Kelsie , Hemmingsson Erik , Flint Stuart W. , Lawrence Blake J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of obesity during adulthood, which may be associated with the development of food addiction. This study examined whether food addiction mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and obesity in young adults.

Methods
A sample of 512 young adults, aged 18 to 30 years, living with overweight and obesity (Body Mass Index ≥ 25 kg/m2), from the United Kingdom participated in the study. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and provided their current height and weight to compute their Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results
Using the PROCESS macro, a mediation analysis found that food addiction accounted for 45% of variance in the relationship between childhood trauma and BMI. Post hoc analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effect of food addiction across each of the five subscales of the CTQ (emotional/physical/sexual abuse and emotional/physical neglect). Food addiction accounted for 32% to 51% of the variance in the relationship between each CTQ subscale and BMI.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that experiences of childhood trauma are associated with the development of overweight and obesity during early adulthood and up to half of this relationship can be attributed to food addiction, which is likely used as a maladaptive coping mechanism in response to trauma. Young adults living with overweight and obesity who report experiences of childhood trauma may benefit from the support of clinical and counselling psychologists to improve their understanding of the underlying psychosocial factors that influence their eating behaviours.

Level of evidence
Level V, cross-sectional analytic study.
New insights into the comorbid conditions of Turner syndrome: results from a long-term monocentric cohort study
Authors: Gambineri A. , Scarano E. , Rucci P. , Perri A. , Tamburrino F. , Altieri P. , Corzani F. , Cecchetti C. , Dionese P. , Belardinelli E. , Ibarra-Gasparini D. , Menabò S. , Vicennati V. , Repaci A. , di Dalmazi G. , Pelusi C. , Zavatta G. , Virdi A. , Neri I. , Fanelli F. , Mazzanti L. , Pagotto U. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Many questions concerning Turner syndrome (TS) remain unresolved, such as the long-term complications and, therefore, the optimal care setting for adults. The primary aim of this long-term cohort study was to estimate the incidence of comorbid conditions along the life course.

Methods
A total of 160 Italian patients with TS diagnosed from 1967 to 2010 were regularly and structurally monitored from the diagnosis to December 2019 at the University Hospital of Bologna using a structured multidisciplinary monitoring protocol.

Results
The study cohort was followed up for a median of 27 years (IQR 12–42). Autoimmune diseases were the comorbid condition with the highest incidence (61.2%), followed by osteoporosis and hypertension (23.8%), type 2 diabetes (16.2%) and tumours (15.1%). Median age of onset ranged from 22 years for autoimmune diseases to 39 years for type 2 diabetes. Malignant tumours were the most prominent type of neoplasm, with a cumulative incidence of 11.9%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common form of cancer, followed by skin cancer and cancer of the central nervous system. Only one major cardiovascular event (acute aortic dissection) was observed during follow-up. No cases of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke or death were recorded.

Conclusions
This cohort study confirms the need for continuous, structured and multidisciplinary lifelong monitoring of TS, thus ensuring the early diagnosis of important comorbid conditions, including cancer, and their appropriate and timely treatment. In addition, these data highlight the need for the increased surveillance of specific types of cancer in TS, including thyroid carcinoma.
Integrating Station-Area Development with Rail Transit Networks: Lessons from Japan Railway in Tokyo
Authors: Cao Zhejing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRail transit is a primary transport mode in Tokyo and has become the backbone of its urban development. Tokyo rail transit networks consist of the subway in the central area, private railways in the suburban area, and Japan Railway (JR) in both central and suburban areas. Prior research revealed that JR has better coordination of transit node functions and station-area development than subway and private railway stations, but how Tokyo's JR station-area development integrates with its network growth is less explored. This work investigates how JR station-area development grows in tandem with network expansion, by revisiting different historical phases. The results show that, in the beginning of the twentieth century, JR connected major urban nodes in both central and suburban Tokyo, and therefore became the skeleton of Tokyo's transit systems. During the post-earthquake and post-war period, central subway and suburban private railways gradually met JR on the Yamanote line, enabling the major interchange stations to develop into urban centers. In the 1960s, JR increased its services to alleviate passenger congestion and undertook grade separation projects to reduce conflicts with road networks. The 1987 JR privatization marked a turning point of massive station-area redevelopment. JR station areas have been transformed from underutilized industrial land into high-density commercial use, and major JR stations were comprehensively replanned for identity and place-making. After a centennial development, JR stations have become important interchange and express-service nodes on Tokyo transit networks with intensive land use and different urban functions. The Tokyo JR case can provide insights for metropolitan cities on how to integrate rail transit infrastructure with station-area development, including matching critical nodes in transit networks with urban functions and high-density land use and connecting these urban functions through express line services.
Analysis of the chemical behavior at the molecular level of lined pipes with fluoropolymers in a sodium hypochlorite production line/bibliographic review
Authors: Beleño Rosero Andrea Angelica , Pareja Rodríguez Leonel , Andrade Fonseca Luis Fernando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis case study is about finding the best fluoropolymer coating for pipes that resists the sodium hypochlorite continue production, which is one of the most aggressive chemical processes that can lead to molecular attack in reactors made by lined pipes. There are several types of coatings pipe such as fiberglass, polymers and elastomers, but the fluoropolymers which have unique properties that make them resistant to chemical attack. In this production process, the premature deterioration of coating pipes is common, due to the expansion of chlorine at the inlet of the reactor, caused by the reaction of chlorine–sodium hydroxide, this is the critical point of the process. Some problems that we find is the chemical attack in that some fluoropolymers coating suffer premature degradation caused by the chemical compatibility, in this case, we explain in detail the chemical and molecular composition of each of the fluoropolymers and how this change occurs at the molecular level. While the lined pipes are the best economical option for chemicals applications, however, it is important to know the correct coating to ensure a long lifetime and avoid piping changes due to premature degradation. Based on the findings of the chemical resistance of each fluoropolymer under study, it is determined which is the best fluoropolymer that resists continuous production of sodium hypochlorite. Results were obtained by a systematic review of the literature.
The ixabepilone and vandetanib combination shows synergistic activity in docetaxel-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Tam Stanton , Al-Zubaidi Yassir , Rahman Md Khalilur , Bourget Kirsi , Zhou Fanfan , Murray Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The lack of drug targets is an obstacle to the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). At present, non-specific cytotoxic drugs are first-line agents, but the development of resistance is a major problem with these agents. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential target in some TNBCs, because its tyrosine kinase activity drives tumorigenesis. Thus, small molecule inhibitors of the EGFR in combination with cytotoxic agents could be important for the treatment of TNBCs.

Methods
The present study evaluated the efficacies of clinically approved EGFR inhibitors in combination with the cytotoxic agent ixabepilone in parental and docetaxel-resistant MDA-MB-231 cells (231C and TXT cells, respectively). Cell viability was assessed using MTT reduction assays, cell death pathways were evaluated using annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D staining and flow cytometry and Western immunoblotting was used to assess the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in cells.

Results
Ixabepilone and the EGFR inhibitors gefitinib and vandetanib inhibited 231C and TXT cell proliferation, but the alternate EGFR inhibitors erlotinib and lapatinib were poorly active. Using combination analysis, ixabepilone/vandetanib was synergistic in both cell types, whereas the ixabepilone/gefitinib combination exhibited antagonism. By flow cytometry, ixabepilone/vandetanib enhanced 231C and TXT cell death over that produced by the single agents and also enhanced caspase-3 cleavage and the pro/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein ratios over ixabepilone alone.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the ixabepilone/vandetanib combination may have promise for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant TNBC.

Graphical abstract
Assigning Obligations in AI Regulation: A Discussion of Two Frameworks Proposed By the European Commission
Authors: Jacobs Mattis , Simon Judith 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe emergence and increasing prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in a growing number of application areas brings about opportunities but also risks for individuals and society as a whole. To minimize the risks associated with AI systems and to mitigate potential harm caused by them, recent policy papers and regulatory proposals discuss obliging developers, deployers, and operators of these systems to avoid certain types of use and features in their design. However, most AI systems are complex socio-technical systems in which control over the system is extensively distributed. In many cases, a multitude of different actors is involved in the purpose setting, data management and data preparation, model development, as well as deployment, use, and refinement of such systems. Therefore, determining sensible addressees for the respective obligations is all but trivial. This article discusses two frameworks for assigning obligations that have been proposed in the European Commission’s whitepaper On Artificial Intelligence—A European approach to excellence and trust and the proposal for the Artificial Intelligence Act respectively. The focus is on whether the frameworks adequately account for the complex constellations of actors that are present in many AI systems and how the various tasks in the process of developing, deploying, and using AI systems, in which threats can arise, are distributed among these actors.