bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for stress incontinence: factors associated with a successful outcome
Authors: Hutchings  , Griffiths  , Black  
Published: July 2002

ObjectiveTo investigate which patient and health‐service factors are predictive of outcome after surgery for stress incontinence.Patients and methodsIn all, 232 women were assessed before and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery for stress incontinence. Twelve patient characteristics and seven health‐service factors were considered. Successful outcome was assessed in four ways: avoidance of complications after discharge, reduction in symptom severity, reduction in the social impact of stress incontinence, and improvement in activities of daily living (ADL). Relationships between possible predictors and outcome were explored using logistic regression models.ResultsComplications were less likely (r2=0.11) in women over 50 years of age, with no comorbidity and no urgency/urge incontinence, operated on by a gynaecologist. Reduction in symptom severity was more likely (r2=0.21) in younger women (≤50 years) with little limitation in their ADL, who suffered from severe or very severe stress incontinence symptoms but no urgency or urge incontinence, and who underwent preoperative urodynamic tests. A reduction in symptom impact was more likely (r2=0.15) in women in whom symptoms were having a moderate or severe impact, who were not grossly overweight, and who underwent a colposuspension or needle suspension performed by a gynaecologist. The only factor associated with improvement in ADL was the preoperative ADL score, i.e. the more limited a woman, the greater the likelihood of improvement (r2=0.15). The study provided evidence to support several of the widely held views about surgical success. Good outcomes were more likely if there is no urge incontinence, there is no or only mild comorbidity, no or only slight obesity, urodynamic investigations are conducted, and the surgeon is a gynaecologist. In contrast, there was no evidence that outcomes are worse if patients have undergone previous surgery for incontinence. Outcomes were also not related to grade of surgeon, surgeon’s workload, or teaching status of the hospital.ConclusionThe relative importance of different factors depends on the outcome of interest, i.e. impairment (complications), disability (symptom severity) or handicap (symptom impact and ADL). These findings might help to improve clinical practice by indicating those characteristics that are associated with a greater likelihood of a good outcome. The results could also aid evaluation and audit of surgery, having identified the main prognostic factors that need to be considered when comparing the outcome of different procedures, surgeons or hospitals. Before doing so, the predictive models described in this paper need to be tested using an independent dataset.
Psychiatric and Neuropsychological Problems in Epilepsy Surgery: Analysis of 100 Cases That Underwent Surgery
Authors: Mayanagi Yoshiaki , Watanabe Eiju , Nagahori Yukihiro , Nankai Masahiro 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: For the past 20 years (1978–1997), a series of 100 cases of uncontrolled epilepsy had surgery in our department under the stated standard for surgical indications and were followed up for 2–22 years after surgery.Methods: We evaluated 70 cases of temporal lobectomy, 20 cases of neocortical focal resection, and 10 cases of corpus callosotomy.Results: Analysis of postoperative seizure control showed that 78 cases were class 1 or 2 (no or rare seizures), 14 cases were class 3 (worthwhile improvement), and eight cases were class 4 (no improvement). As generally accepted, temporal lobectomy was the most effective operative procedure, yielding excellent or good results in 87% of the 70 cases so treated. Among the nine cases in whom various psychiatric symptoms developed after surgery, four cases showed neurotic and five cases psychotic symptoms. Patients with psychosis had delusions of various types as a core symptom, combined with other symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, aggression, and depressive state. In two patients with psychosis who had episodes of delusions in the interictal phase before surgery, the symptoms were extremely resistant. The full IQ score of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS‐R) was increased after temporal lobectomy in 75% of the cases (p < 0.01; n = 44). The general MQ score in 31 cases, however, showed a 50:50 split between increase and decrease postoperatively. In correlation with the dominance of language by the Wada test, the general MQ score in the 15 cases of nondominant temporal lobe resection showed a significant increase (p < 0.05); whereas the MQ in the 16 cases of dominant‐side operation did not change.Conclusions: Our new test, in which hippocampal stimulation and supraspan learning are combined, seems to be efficient for estimating the postoperative outcome of memory function.
The prevalence and management of co‐morbid substance misuse and mental illness: results of a screening survey in substance misuse and mental health treatment populations
Authors: WEAVER TIM , HICKMAN MATTHEW , RUTTER DEBORAH , WARD JENNI , STIMSON GERRY , RENTON ADRIAN 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA cross‐sectional survey of clinical staff was carried out among statutory (public sector) substance misuse services and community mental health teams (CMHTs) in an inner London borough. We identified 368 current patients of drug and alcohol misuse services and 930 current patients of CMHTs. We measured the prevalence of co‐morbid substance misuse and mental illness among these patients. We found strong evidence of co‐morbid mental health problems in 128 substance misuse patients (34.8%) and evidence of possible co‐morbidity in a further 18.5% of cases. Among mental health service patients, 227 (24%) were reported to have current substance misuse problems. Shared care of patients was uncommon and only a minority of co‐morbid patients received treatment for both problems or the specialist assessment which key workers felt they needed. The findings suggest that co‐morbidity is highly prevalent among mental health and substance misuse patients. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings, but the development and provision of evidence‐based treatment and service interventions is likely to become an increasing priority.
Prevalence of drug use prior to detention among residents of youth detention centres in Queensland
Authors: LENNINGS CHRISTOPHER , PRITCHARD MONICA 
Published: July 2002

AbstractResearch into juvenile delinquency has established a strong connection between delinquent behaviour and drug usage. Anecdotal evidence suggests that a number of young people coming into detention in Queensland are suffering physical, behavioural and emotional consequences of their drug use prior to detention. Between December 1995 and January 1996, a total of 118 young people in detention were surveyed regarding their drug use behaviour prior to detention. This represented 90% of the average total population in detention. The average age of the sample was 15.6 years; 90% were males. Over 90% of the population had used (or at least tried) pain relievers, other medicines, cannabis, alcohol and tobacco. The use of the so called ‘hard drugs’ was high, with 47% having tried amphetamines, 35% admitting to having tried heroin, and 64% having used hallucinogens at least once. Data regarding harm‐minimization practices revealed that 42% had injected drugs and of these half had shared a needle at least once, while around 90% are sexually active and of these only about 20% always use a condom.
Book Reviews
Authors: GOSSOP MICHAEL 
Published: July 2002

Books Reviewed in this Article: Source Book of Substance Abuse and Addiction LAWRENCE FRIEDMAN, NICHOLAS FLEMING, DAVID ROBERTS & STEVEN HYMAN (Eds) Methadone in the Treatment of Narcotic Addiction ANDREW BYRNE Policing Places with Drug Problems Vol. 2, Drugs, health, and social policy LORRAINE GREEN Alcohol Problems among Adolescents BOYD, HOWARD & ZUCKER (Eds) Dying For a Drink: a no‐nonsense guide for heavy drinkers TIM CANTOPHER Addictive Behaviour: molecules to mankind –perspectives on the nature of addiction A. BONNER & J. WATERHOUSE (Eds)
Differential expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins
in different human tissues
Authors: Bortoluzzi S. , d’Alessi F. , Romualdi C. , Danieli G. A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: To perform a computational and statistical study on a large set of gene expression data pertaining six adult human tissues (brain, liver, skeletal muscle, ovary, retina and uterus) for analyzing the expression of ribosomal protein genes.
Results: Unexpectedly, in each of the considered tissues large variations in the expression of ribosomal protein genes were observed. Moreover, when comparing the expression levels of 89 ribosomal protein genes in six different tissues, 13 genes appeared differentially expressed among tissues.
Avalilability: The expression data of the ribosomal protein genes together with supplementary material (complete transcriptional profiles of the considered human tissues) are freely available at the site GETProfiles (http://telethon.bio.unipd.it/GETProfiles/).
Contact: danieli@bio.unipd.it
* To whom all correspondence should be addressed.
GRR: graphical representation of relationship errors
Authors: Abecasis Gonçalo
   R. , Cherny Stacey S. , Cookson W. O. C. , Cardon Lon R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: A graphical tool for verifying assumed relationships between individuals in genetic studies is described. GRR can detect many common errors using genotypes from many markers.
Availability: GRR is available at http://bioinformatics.well.ox.ac.uk/GRR.
Contact: goncalo@well.ox.ac.uk; lon@well.ox.ac.uk
Neuromotor control associates with muscle weakness observed with McArdle sign of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schilaty Nathan D. , Savoldi Filippo , Nasr Zahra , Weinshenker Brian G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is often accompanied by myelopathy, which may be associated with progressive worsening. A specific finding of MS‐associated myelopathy is McArdle sign, wherein neck flexion is associated with prominent increased limb weakness relative to that detected with neck extension. In this study, we characterized neuromotor control properties of finger extensors in association with the McArdle sign.MethodsA custom‐built device was utilized to monitor torque production of the wrist extensors with simultaneous recording of surface electromyography of the extensor digitorum. The electromyography was decomposed and analyzed via both linear and nominal regressions.ResultsLinear regressions demonstrated a strong difference between groups for MS from healthy controls and other myelopathies for motor unit action potential amplitude and average firing rate (p < 0.001). Further, linear regression demonstrated good correlations of neuromotor variables to mechanical torque output (0.24 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.76). Nominal regression distinguished MS from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.87, specificity of 0.97, and sensitivity of 0.64. Nominal regression of MS from other myelopathies demonstrated an AUC of 0.88, specificity of 0.85, and sensitivity of 0.79.InterpretationThese data demonstrate the neuromotor control factors that largely determine muscle force production change with the observation of McArdle sign; these neuromotor control factors can differentiate MS from both healthy controls and other myelopathy conditions.
Adaptive event‐triggered fault detection for nonlinear networked systems in finite‐frequency domain under stochastic cyber‐attacks
Authors: Zhu Qi , Jiang Shun , Pan Feng 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis article investigates the fault detection problem in finite‐frequency domain for a class of nonlinear networked systems under stochastic cyber‐attacks. A novel adaptive event‐triggered scheme is introduced to mitigate the transmission burden of the network. A unified measurement model is proposed to take the randomly occurring cyber‐attacks and the transmission delays into account simultaneously. Under the consideration of fault sensitivity and disturbance robustness, the addressed fault detection problem is converted into an auxiliary filtering problem by properly augmenting the states of the original system and the fault detection filter. Intensive stochastic analysis is carried out to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired fault detection filter, and the corresponding optimal filter parameters can be easily derived by solving a convex optimization problem. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Sulfur Treatment Passivates Bulk Defects in Sb2Se3 Photocathodes for Water Splitting
Authors: Prabhakar Rajiv Ramanujam , Moehl Thomas , Friedrich Dennis , Kunst Marinus , Shukla Sudhanshu , Adeleye Damilola , Damle Vinayaka H. , Siol Sebastian , Cui Wei , Gouda Laxman , Suh Jihye , Tischler Yaakov R. , van de Krol Roel , Tilley S. David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSb2Se3 has emerged as an important photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photovoltaic (PV) material due to its rapid rise in photoconversion efficiencies. However, Sb2Se3 has a complex defect chemistry, which reduces the maximum photovoltage. Thus, it is important to understand these defects and develop defect passivation strategies in Sb2Se3. A comprehensive investigation of the charge carrier dynamics of Sb2Se3 and the influence of sulfur treatment on its optoelectronic properties is performed using time‐resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and low‐frequency Raman spectroscopy (LFR). The key finding in this work is that upon sulfur treatment of Sb2Se3, the carrier lifetime is increased by the passivation of deep defects in Sb2Se3 in both the surface region and the bulk, which is evidenced by increased charge carrier lifetime of TRMC decay dynamics, increased radiative recombination efficiency, decreased deep defect level emission (PL), and the emergence of new vibration modes by LFR.
Paper‐Structure Inspired Multiresponsive Hydrogels with Solvent‐Induced Reversible Information Recording, Self‐Encryption, and Multidecryption
Authors: Chen Zhen , Chen Yujie , Guo Yutong , Yang Zhi , Li Hua , Liu Hezhou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInformation recording and encryption/decryption functions are essential due to the prevalence of counterfeiting activities and information leakage in the current age. However, the development of high‐resolution information recording and multistage information protection systems to achieve high data security levels, such as self‐erasing encrypted data and time‐controlled data handling, remains limited. Herein, inspired by the information‐recording structure of paper, a multiresponsive nanofiber‐reinforced poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel (NCPN hydrogel) with improved mechanical properties, solvent‐induced high‐resolution reversible information recording, self‐encryption, and multi‐decryption capabilities, is proposed. Due to the unique hydrophilic and hydrophobic structures of the hydrogel matrix, ethanol and other polar analogs can be applied as special inks to record information by changing the lower critical solution temperature to achieve the repeatable transmittance variation. The recorded information can be erased via water wiping or ethanol volatilization. Additionally, self‐encryption can be achieved and adjusted based on the ethanol volatilization time and concentration difference, and confidential information can be further decrypted in a water environment or under a thermal stimulus. Furthermore, several stable, repeatable, and fast‐response hydrogel‐based information‐recognition systems are designed and investigated. Therefore, the designed hydrogel‐based informational platform provides a universal information‐handling system allowing for the reversible recording of information, with self‐encryption and multidecryption capabilities.
An Expanding Foam‐Fabric Orthopedic Cast
Authors: Root Samuel E. , Sanchez Vanessa , Tracz Jovanna A. , Preston Daniel J. , Zvi Yoav S. , Wang Kemble , Walsh Conor J. , Homer‐Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Whitesides George M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditional orthopedic casting strategies used in the treatment of fractured limbs, such as fiberglass and plaster‐based tapes, suffer from several drawbacks, including technically challenging molding for application, occurrence of skin complications, and the requirement of a potentially hazardous oscillatory saw for removal, which is frightening for pediatric patients. This work presents the design and evaluation of a foam‐fabric cast (FFC) to overcome these drawbacks by integrating strategies from soft materials engineering and functional apparel design. A fabric sleeve is designed to enable the reactive injection molding of a polymer foam and provide a form‐fitting orthopedic cast for the human forearm—with sufficient mechanical reinforcement to stabilize a fractured limb. Through testing with a replica limb and human subjects with a range of forearm volumes, the FFC application process is demonstrated and characterized. The thermal, pressural, chemical, and hygienic safety are comparable to or safer than existing clinical technologies. The FFC weighs only ≈150 g, is water resistant, and represents a robust alternative to traditional casts that can be i) manufactured at a large scale for a low cost; ii) applied to patients simply, rapidly (≈5 min), and reliably; and iii) removed easily with a pair of scissors.
Multimaterial Multinozzle Adaptive 3D Printing of Soft Materials
Authors: Uzel Sebastien G. M. , Weeks Robert D. , Eriksson Michael , Kokkinis Dimitri , Lewis Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirect ink writing is a facile method that enables biological, structural, and functional materials to be printed in three dimensions (3D). To date, this extrusion‐based method has primarily been used to soft materials in a layer‐wise manner on planar substrates. However, many emerging applications would benefit from the ability to conformally print materials of varying composition on substrates with arbitrary topography. Here, a high throughput platform based on multimaterial multinozzle adaptive 3D printing (MMA‐3DP) that provides independent control of nozzle height and seamless switching between inks is reported. To demonstrate the MMA‐3DP platform, conformally pattern viscoelastic inks composed of triblock copolymer, gelatin, and photopolymerizable polyacrylate materials onto complex substrates of varying topography, including those with surface defects that mimic skin abrasions or deep gouges. This platform opens new avenues for rapidly patterning soft materials for structural, functional, and biomedical applications.
Measuring binary fluidization of nonspherical and spherical particles using machine learning aided image processing
Authors: Li Cheng , Gao Xi , Rowan Steven L. , Hughes Bryan , Rogers William A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe binary fluidization of Geldart D type nonspherical wood particles and spherical low density polyethylene (LDPE) particles was investigated in a laboratory‐scale bed. The experiment was performed for varying static bed height, wood particles count, as well as superficial gas velocity. The LDPE velocity field were quantified using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The wood particles orientation and velocity are measured using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). A machine learning pixel‐wise classification model was trained and applied to acquire wood and LDPE particle masks for PIV and PTV processing, respectively. The results show significant differences in the fluidization behavior between LDPE only case and binary fluidization case. The effects of wood particles on the slugging frequency, mean, and variation of bed height, and characteristics of the particle velocities/orientations were quantified and compared. This comprehensive experimental dataset serves as a benchmark for validating numerical models.
A Dinuclear Metallobridged Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrrole Cavitand
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Escobar Luis , Ballester Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA super aryl‐extended calix[4]pyrrole equipped with four oxazolo[4,5‐b]pyrazinyl units at its upper rim is reported. Its PtII/PdII‐metallobridged cavitand counterparts were obtained by treatment with 2 equiv of cis‐protected metal corners, [M(dppp)(OTf)2] (dppp=1,3‐(bis‐diphenylphosphino)propane). The metal corners arranged their axial phenyl substituents near the aromatic walls of the cavitand leading to the formation of inclusion complexes as single conformers. We characterized the inclusion complexes in solution using NMR spectroscopy. Selected complexes were also characterized in the gas‐phase and in the solid‐state using mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The dimensions of the open portals of the dinuclear complexes were found to be dependent on the included guest. The results of DFT calculations served to explain the dissimilar complexation‐induced shifts observed in the dinuclear inclusion complexes with mono‐ and bis‐formamide guests.
Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross‐Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes
Authors: Aragón Jordi , Sun Suyun , Pascual David , Jaworski Sebastian , Lloret‐Fillol Julio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe inertness of chloroalkanes has precluded them as coupling partners for cross‐coupling reactions. Herein we disclose a general strategy for the activation of inert alkyl chlorides through photoredox catalysis and their use as coupling partners with alkenes. The catalytic system is formed by [Ni(OTf)(Py2Tstacn)](OTf) (1Ni), which is responsible for the Csp3−Cl bond activation, and [Ir(NMe2bpy)(ppy)2]PF6,(PCIrNMe2), which is the photoredox catalyst. Combined experimental and theoretical studies show an in situ photogenerated NiIintermediate ([Ni(Py2Tstacn)]+) which is catalytically competent for the Csp3−Cl bond cleavage via a SN2 mechanism for primary alkyl chlorides, forming carbon‐centered free radicals, which react with the olefin leading to the formation of the Csp3−Csp3bond. These results suggest inert alkyl chlorides can be electrophiles for developing new intermolecular strategies in which low‐valent aminopyridine nickel complexes act as key catalytic species.
Endo‐M Mediated Chemoenzymatic Approach Enables Reversible Glycopeptide Labeling for O‐GlcNAcylation Analysis
Authors: Chen Yao , Tang Feng , Qin Hongqiang , Yue Xuyang , Nie Yongzhan , Huang Wei , Ye Mingliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo selectively enrich O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) peptides in their original form from complex samples, we report the first reversible chemoenzymatic labeling approach for proteomic analysis. In this strategy, the O‐GlcNAc moieties are ligated with long N‐glycans using an Endo‐M mutant, which enables the enrichment of the labeled glycopeptides by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The attached glycans on the enriched glycopeptides are removed by wild‐type Endo‐M/S to restore the O‐GlcNAc moiety. Compared with classic chemoenzymatic labeling, this approach enables the tag‐free identification, and eliminates the interference of bulky tags in glycopeptide detection. This approach presents a unique avenue for the proteome‐wide analysis of protein O‐GlcNAcylation to promote its mechanism research.