bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the experiences of lung cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Taylor Sally , Stanworth Melissa , Eastwood Charlotte , Gomes Fabio , Khatoon Binish , Yorke Janelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The study explores experiences of lung cancer patients during COVID-19 and considers how changes to care delivery and personal lives affected patient needs.

Methods
Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to explore experiences of lung cancer patients during COVID-19. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Interview participants were purposively selected based on age, gender, treatment status, timing of diagnosis (pre/post first COVID-19 lockdown) from a sample of lung cancer patients (any histological subtype/any cancer stage/any point in treatment) who had completed a questionnaire exploring how participants’ lives were impacted by the pandemic and their thoughts on clinical care and remote communication.

Results
Thirty lung cancer patients who participated in the questionnaire study were approached and participated in an interview. Three themes were identified: (1) Adapting to new modes of communication (focusing on experiences of remote communication); (2) Experience of care delivery during the pandemic (describing how all aspects of care delivery had been affected); (3) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life (QOL) (focus on the psychological impact and feeling of reduced support). Themes 1 and 2 are heavily interlinked and both had bearing on patients’ QOL experience.

Conclusion
Lung cancer patients were impacted psychologically by changes to care delivery and changes in their personal life. The findings highlight some benefits to remote consultations but the stage of the treatment pathway and illness trajectory should be considered when determining if this is appropriate. Participants felt support from peers, family and friends was limited during the pandemic.
Modelling Roles of Mathematics in Physics
Authors: Palmgren Elina , Rasa Tapio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModelling roles of mathematics in physics has proved to be a difficult task, with previous models of the interplay between the two disciplines mainly focusing on mathematical modelling and problem solving. However, to convey a realistic view of physics as a field of science to our students, we need to do more than train them to become fluent in modelling and problem solving. In this article, we present a new characterisation of the roles mathematics plays in physics and physics education, taking as a premise that mathematics serves as a constitutive structure in physics analogous to language. In doing so, we aim to highlight how mathematics affects the way we conceptualise physical phenomena. To contextualise our characterisation, we examine some of the existing models and discuss aspects of the interplay between physics and mathematics that are missing in them. We then show how these aspects are incorporated in our characterisation in which mathematics serves as a foundation upon which physical theories are built, and on which we may build mathematical representations of physical information that in turn serve as a basis for further reasoning and modifications. Through reasoning processes mathematics also aids in generating new information and explanations. We have elucidated each of these roles with an example from the historical development of quantum physics. To conclude, we discuss how our new characterisation may aid the development of physics education and physics education research.
Nature of Science in Norway’s Recent Curricula Reform
Authors: Kostøl Kristine Bakkemo , Bøe Maria Vetleseter , Skår Aud Ragnhild 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeveloping students’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) is seen as critical for educating scientifically literate citizens, and has emerged as an important curricular goal internationally. In Norway, a new curriculum reform has recently been implemented, intended to improve the Norwegian education in several ways. The reform aims to promote deep learning, and there has been an increased focus on twenty-first-century skills, including critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration. The purpose of this study is to analyse the coverage of various NOS aspects in the new national curriculum for biology, chemistry, and physics, year 12 and 13. The curricula were analysed deductively, using the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA) to identify and categorise different NOS aspects, providing insight into how NOS is addressed. Findings include that NOS aspects from the cognitive-epistemic system of the FRA framework—aims and values, methods, practices, and knowledge—are predominant in all three curricula, whereas aspects concerning how science interacts with society are scarce. The exception is several occurrences of the aspect social values, i.e. the need for responsible interaction between science, society, and nature, especially in the biology curriculum. Furthermore, different NOS aspects are found in different parts of the curriculum, e.g. practices are found in the basic skills sections more than in the competence aims sections. Findings are discussed in terms of how the new curriculum reform can promote Norwegian students’ learning of NOS.
Using fiction to improve intergroup attitudes: Testing indirect contact interventions in a school context
Authors: Oľhová Simona , Lášticová Barbara , Kundrát Josef , Kanovský Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention using indirect intergroup contact for improving intergroup attitudes in schools, in particular anti-Roma prejudice. Vicarious contact—a form of indirect intergroup contact—can be experienced through fictional book characters, who can serve as positive role models in terms of intergroup attitude improvement. A vicarious contact experiment was conducted with sixth grade students (N = 177) from three Slovak elementary schools, using passages from the Harry Potter series. A three-group pretest-posttest design was adopted; experimental condition 1 involved reading passages without subsequent discussion, experimental condition 2 involved reading the same passages followed by a discussion, while the control group was not involved in any activities. There was a significant improvement of intergroup attitudes in experimental condition 2 compared to the control group, while condition 1 did not show any such improvement. The first contribution of the study is in tackling conceptually distinct mediators of the intervention’s effect – perspective taking and narrative transportation. The second contribution is in demonstrating the added value of discussion in interventions focused on prejudice reduction in schools.
2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Eisenberg Dan , Shikora Scott A. , Aarts Edo , Aminian Ali , Angrisani Luigi , Cohen Ricardo V. , de Luca Maurizio , Faria Silvia L. , Goodpaster Kasey P.S. , Haddad Ashraf , Himpens Jacques M. , Kow Lilian , Kurian Marina , Loi Ken , Mahawar Kamal , Nimeri Abdelrahman , O’Kane Mary , Papasavas Pavlos K. , Ponce Jaime , Pratt Janey S. A. , Rogers Ann M. , Steele Kimberley E. , Suter Michel , Kothari Shanu N. 
Published: November 2022

Major updates to 1991 National Institutes of Health guidelines for bariatric surgeryMetabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is recommended for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2, regardless of presence, absence, or severity of co-morbidities.MBS should be considered for individuals with metabolic disease and BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2.BMI thresholds should be adjusted in the Asian population such that a BMI >25 kg/m2 suggests clinical obesity, and individuals with BMI >27.5 kg/m2 should be offered MBS.Long-term results of MBS consistently demonstrate safety and efficacy.Appropriately selected children and adolescents should be considered for MBS.(Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.013) © 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
Silica-Gel Incorporated Biosynthesized-Silver Nanoparticles for Sustainable Antimicrobial Treatment of Brackish Water Aquaculture
Authors: Abou-El-Sherbini Khaled S. , Elmorsi Randa R. , Elnagar Mohamed M. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , Amr Mohey H. A. , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Hamzawy Esmat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTreatment of brackish water from pathogenic microbes is crucial for sustainable aquaculture production and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. However, the treatment of brackish water is still challenging due to the high salinity and the high antimicrobial resistance. Here, we exploit a facile and effective approach to synthesize silica gel embedded with silver nanoparticles (7–48 nm) for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles into silica gel (AgNPs@SG) is confirmed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The AgNPs@SG material exhibits wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans) due to preventing the aggregation of silver nanoparticles and their effective contact with the microorganisms. Most importantly, the applicability of the synthesized AgNPs@SG for the microbial treatment of brackish water is investigated on different water samples collected from Manzala Lake. Remarkably, the amount of viable bacteria in the brackish water decreases by about 93% using AgNPs@SG material that not only combats antibiotic-resistant strains but also works under harsh conditions such as multiple-source contamination, high eutrophic state, and salinity.
Variance-based global sensitivity analysis of a multi-population, single-chamber microbial fuel cell operating in continuous flow mode at steady state
Authors: Ashraf Hafsa M. , Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are environmentally friendly devices which are used to convert chemical energy in organic wastes to electrical energy. MFCs have a strong non-linearity that requires a very sophisticated controlling system. Consequently, this makes optimization and performance study of MFCs a difficult process. For better estimation of the constants used for optimization of MFCs, global sensitivity analysis is performed. The global sensitivity method based on Sobol’s indices coupled with Monte Carlo simulations was applied on multi-population, single-chamber MFC operating in a continuous flow at steady state for the first time. In this paper, first-order and total-order sensitivity indices were used to visualize the impacts associated with six main parameters resulted from the maximization of power density using Matlab. Such parameters are maximum anodophilic-specific growth rate, half-rate constant of anodophilics, curve steepness factor, mediator half-rate constant, number of electrons transferred per mole mediator and decay rate constant of anodophilic bacteria. The results showed that the curve steepness factor has almost no impact on the power density of MFC. While all other studied, factors are sensitive parameters that impact the power density of MFC. It is worth mentioning that maximum anodophilic growth rate and the number of electrons transferred per mole of mediator are the most sensitive parameters that affecting the power density production having total indices of 0.74 and 0.624, respectively. While the half-rate constant of anodophilics, mediator half-rate constant and decay rate constant of anodophilics have almost similar impact by having total-order indices of 0.127, 0.144 and 0.192, respectively. The findings herein are critical in understanding and further model improvement of microbial fuel cells as the most impacting parameters on MFC power density can be optimized further to reduce uncertainty associated with the experimental parameters in the model.
Graphical abstract
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hrfi Abdah , Binfadel Maha , Al Sehly Abdullah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ductus arteriosus (DA) is a vascular shunt between the main pulmonary artery and the proximal descending aorta, allowing the oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal pulmonary circulation and supply oxygen-rich blood to the systemic circulation. Anomalies within the ductus arteriosus can compromise fetal circulation. Ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) is a localized saccular or tubular dilation of the DA and is considered a rare lesion. However, many reports in the literature describe DAA in the infancy period, with limited reports describing the lesion prenatally. We diagnosed a case of ductus arteriosus aneurysm with mild hypoplasia of the transverse arch prenatally at a 37-week gestational age. Both resolved spontaneously in the third week of life without complication.
Federated learning based on stratified sampling and regularization
Authors: Lu Chenyang , Ma Wubin , Wang Rui , Deng Su , Wu Yahui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFederated learning (FL) is a new distributed learning framework that is different from traditional distributed machine learning: (1) differences in communication, computing, and storage performance among devices (device heterogeneity), (2) differences in data distribution and data volume (data heterogeneity), and (3) high communication consumption. Under heterogeneous conditions, the data distribution of clients varies greatly, which leads to the problem that the convergence speed of the training model decreases and the training model cannot converge to the global optimal solution. In this work, an FL algorithm based on stratified sampling and regularization (FedSSAR) is proposed. In FedSSAR, a density-based clustering method is used to divide the overall client into different clusters, then, some available clients are proportionally extracted from different clusters to participate in training which realizes unbiased sampling for the overall client and reduces the aggregation weight variance of the client. At the same time, when calculating the model local loss function, we limit the update direction of the model by a regular term, so that heterogeneous clients are optimized in the globally optimal direction. We prove the convergence of FedSSAR theoretically and experimentally, and demonstrate the superiority of FedSSAR by comparing it with other FL algorithms on public datasets.
Conceptualising TPACK Within Mathematics Education: Teachers’ Strategies for Capitalising on Transitions Within and Beyond Dynamic Geometry Software
Authors: Bretscher Nicola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the knowledge arising in mathematics teachers’ planning of how to manage transitions within and beyond dynamic geometry environments in the topic of circle theorems. The notion of situated abstraction is used to elaborate the central TPACK construct within mathematics education and address previous criticisms of the framework, specifically to clarify the distinction between the central construct and the dyadic constructs. Four case-study teachers each participated in a semi-structured interview based upon a pre-configured GeoGebra file. The teachers were asked to demonstrate how they would use the GeoGebra file to introduce students to the circle theorem that the angle at the centre of the circle, subtended by an arc, is double the angle at the circumference subtended by the same arc. The visual and audio aspects of the GeoGebra interviews were recorded and the TPACK framework used to analyse teachers’ knowledge arising in the four interviews. The central TPACK construct is illustrated with examples of teachers’ strategies for capitalising on transitions within and beyond dynamic geometry environments for the purposes of teaching circle theorems and contrasted with the dyadic construct of TCK. The utility of the theoretical elaboration of the TPACK construct within mathematics education is demonstrated and implications discussed.
Utilization of Scrap Metals as Reductants for Improved Ni and Cu Recoveries in Copper Smelting
Authors: Avarmaa Katri , Klemettinen Lassi , Taskinen Pekka , Lindberg Daniel , Pihlasalo Jouni , Johto Hannu , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigated a novel approach of using Al and Al–Mg scrap as heat providers and reductants that do not cause direct carbon-containing emissions in pyrometallurgical copper processing. Aluminum and magnesium are typical elements in metal wastes, such as WEEE, and they oxide easily under copper smelting conditions. In the reduction experiments, a copper- and nickel-rich industrial slag was equilibrated under Ar gas atmosphere at 1300 °C, after which a reductant metal piece was dropped on top of the slag. The slag-reductant samples were drop quenched in brine after 2–128 min of reduction. Thermodynamic calculations were executed with MTDATA to evaluate the phase equilibria and thermochemistry of the copper slag in metallothermic reduction. All the results proved that Al and Al-5wt% Mg alloys can be used as reductants in copper processes to enhance the recoveries of nickel and copper in metal/matte. Cu concentration in slag decreased from 2 to 1.2 wt% and Ni from 1.7 to 1.2 wt% in 30 min in aluminothermic reduction experiments, despite an immediate formation of a solid alumina layer on the surface of the reductant, hindering the reduction kinetics. The heat produced was calculated as 31 kWh/ton slag or 2.1 kWh/kg added Al or Al–Mg.
Graphical Abstract
Solid-State Electrochemistry and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Jiang San Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolid-state electrochemistry (SSE) is an interdisciplinary field bridging electrochemistry and solid-state ionics and deals primarily with the properties of solids that conduct ions in the case of ionic conducting solid electrolytes and electrons and/or electron holes in the case of mixed ionic and electronic conducting materials. However, in solid-state devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), there are unique electrochemical features due to the high operating temperature (600–1 000 °C) and solid electrolytes and electrodes. The solid-to-solid contact at the electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the most distinguished features of SOFCs and is one of the fundamental reasons for the occurance of most importance phenomena such as shift of the equipotential lines, the constriction effect, polarization-induced interface formation, etc. in SOFCs. The restriction in placing the reference electrode in solid electrolyte cells further complicates the SSE in SOFCs. In addition, the migration species at the solid electrode/electrolyte interface is oxygen ions, while in the case of the liquid electrolyte system, the migration species is electrons. The increased knowledge and understanding of SSE phenomena have guided the development of SOFC technologies in the last 30–40 years, but thus far, no up-to-date reviews on this important topic have appeared. The purpose of the current article is to review and update the progress and achievements in the SSE in SOFCs, largely based on the author’s past few decades of research and understanding in the field, and to serve as an introduction to the basics of the SSE in solid electrolyte devices such as SOFCs.
Graphical abstract
Die Nebenniere: zwischen Diagnostik, konservativer und operativer Therapie
Authors: Bergmann Tanja 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Nebennieren spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Regulation verschiedenster Stoffwechselprozesse im Körper, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der adrenalen Produktion des lebenswichtigen Hormons Hydrokortison. Erkrankungen der Nebenniere manifestieren sich als Funktionsstörungen in der Produktion der einzelnen Nebennierenhormone und/oder stellen als zufällig aufgefallene Raumforderungen nicht nur die Endokrinologen, sondern immer wieder auch andere Fachdisziplinen vor diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen. Die aktuelle europäische Leitlinie zu Inzidentalomen der Nebennieren gibt hierzu gute Handlungsanweisungen für die Praxis. Dennoch steht sehr häufig am Ende der Entscheidungskette ein interdisziplinäres Team, in welchem die Fälle besprochen werden sollten.
Are Some Ways of Expressing Gratitude More Beneficial Than Others? Results From a Randomized Controlled Experiment
Authors: Regan Annie , Walsh Lisa C. , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGratitude activities have been shown to increase well-being and other positive outcomes in numerous experiments to date. The current study tested whether self-directed gratitude interventions that vary by type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial) and format (i.e., long-form letters vs. shorter lists) produce differential benefits. To that end, 958 Australian adults were assigned to one of six activities to complete each day for 1 week, including five gratitude activities that varied by type and format and an active control condition (i.e., keeping track of daily activities). Regressed change analyses revealed that, overall, long-form writing exercises (i.e., essays and letters) resulted in greater subjective well-being and other positive outcomes than lists. Indeed, those who were instructed to write social and nonsocial gratitudelistsdid not differ from controls on any outcomes. However, participants who wrote unconstrained gratitude lists—that is, those who wrote about any topics they wanted—reported greater feelings of gratitude and positive affect than did controls. Finally, relative to the other gratitude conditions, participants who wrote gratitude letters to particular individuals in their lives not only showed stronger feelings of gratitude, elevation, and other positive emotions but also reported feeling more indebted. This study demonstrates that not only does gratitude “work” to boost well-being relative to an active neutral activity, but that some forms of gratitude may be more effective than others. We hope these findings help scholars and practitioners to develop, tailor, implement, and scale future gratitude-based interventions.
Approximation in $$AC(\sigma )$$
Authors: Doust Ian , Leinert Michael , Stoneham Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a nonempty compact subset $$\sigma$$
σ
in the plane, the space $$AC(\sigma )$$

A
C
(
σ
)

is the closure of the space of complex polynomials in two real variables under a particular variation norm. In the classical setting, AC[0, 1] contains several other useful dense subsets, such as continuous piecewise linear functions, $$C^1$$

C
1

functions and Lipschitz functions. In this paper, we examine analogues of these results in this more general setting.
Solvent effects on the photooxidation of indolepyrazines
Authors: Golec Barbara , Gorski Aleksander , Thummel Randolph P. , Sierakowski Maciej , Waluk Jacek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotodestruction of 2-(pyrazin-2′-yl)-1H-indole and 2,5-di(1H-indol-2′-yl)pyrazine involves singlet oxygen generation and its rapid insertion into the indole ring with the formation of benzoxazinone derivatives: 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one and 2-[5-(1H-indol-2-yl)pyrazin-2-yl]-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. The quantum yield of this reaction strongly depends on the environment. It is definitely smaller in protic methanol than in aprotic acetonitrile or n-hexane. The observed effect of photostabilization is explained by formation of hydrogen bonded complexes between the chromophore and alcohol, which results in lower triplet formation efficiency and, in consequence, decrease of singlet oxygen formation quantum yield.
Graphical abstract