bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring for nontraditional families: Kinship, foster, and adoptive
Authors: Foli Karen J. , VanGraafeiland Brigit , Snethen Julia A. , Greenberg Cindy Smith 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeInformation about nontraditional (kinship, foster, and adoptive) families is typically scattered or overlooked both in nursing education and nursing practice settings. Using a nursing‐centric, population‐focused lens, the current state of nontraditional families in the United States is briefly described. An overview of the challenges and psychological dynamics involved when a nonbiological parent assumes the role of caregiver is provided.ConclusionBased on the 2010 Census findings and other indicators, we now understand that nontraditional families and their children make up a considerable portion of the population. Nurses, regardless of level of practice, have the potential to positively impact health outcomes of nontraditional parents and their children. Knowledge of the formation and needs of nontraditional families can inform, and improve, culturally safe, trauma‐informed nursing care.Practice implicationsThis discussion is a first step in appreciating the formation of nontraditional families and the importance of trauma‐informed, unbiased, nonstereotypic discourse in nursing care. By describing the heterogeneity of how families are built through kinship care, foster placements, and adoptive homes, nurses’ assessments and interventions will be informed and through a lens of the high potential for past traumas. With this foundational knowledge, nurses interfacing with nontraditional families are better prepared to provide much needed support and relevant care for this unique population.
Examining regional asymmetries in drivers of international migration flows
Authors: Nanda Anupam , Oladiran Olayiwola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMigration is key to economic development, with varying implications and uneven impacts on origin and destination regions. This paper examines the variation in the major drivers of migration within and across continental blocs and the OECD in a gravity framework. The empirical model uses bilateral migration flow data for 182 countries over a 25 year period (1990–2015) while controlling for push and pull drivers of migration. The novelty of the study rests in the added dimension of the variation in the impact of migration drivers that is based on the direction of migration flow. The results suggest that migration drivers vary significantly across several economic blocs based in different regions and OECD countries. We find that the weight and significance of the impact of migration drivers vary significantly based on the direction of flow across continental blocs and the OECD, although some similarities exist in some regions regardless of the direction of migration flow. The results specifically show that economic and socio‐cultural drivers of migration are strongest when migration originates in continents dominated by developing countries and terminates in other continents, compared to migration that originates and terminates within the continents. This raises some anomalies and several issues of potential policy intervention.
Subjective life expectancy of middle‐aged and older adult cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study in Korea using age‐specific subgroup analysis
Authors: Baek Wonhee , Lee Go Eun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveAs the population ages and the survival rate of cancer patients increases, long‐term management of older adult cancer survivors has become important. Subjective life expectancy (SLE) is a concept that refers to an individual's particular predicted lifespan, which enables individuals to live an active life with hopeful expectations for the extension of a healthy life. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors related to SLE according to age group, to help enable middle‐aged and older adult cancer survivors to actively live out their lives with a sense of control.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional study was used.MethodsThis study included 538 participants in the fifth to seventh survey data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging dataset. Moreover, we conducted multivariable regression analyses.ResultsThe participants of this study were 137 middle‐aged (under 64 years), 196 young‐old (65–74 years), 164 old‐old (75–84 years) and 41 oldest‐old (over 85 years) cancer survivors. The mean age of the participants was 71.22 ± 9.4 years. The factors related to SLE were employment status (β = 7.43, p = 0.018) and quality of life (QOL) (β = 0.25, p = 0.010) for the middle‐aged group and age (β = −1.50, p = 0.002) and employment status (β = 10.44, p = 0.003), and QOL (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) in the young‐old group; in the old‐old group and oldest‐old group, the predictors of SLE were QOL (β = 0.35, p = 0.004) and social network (β = 2.76, p = 0.018).ConclusionThe SLE of middle‐aged and older adult cancer survivors was different by age group, and related factors also varied by it. Therefore, an individual approach for each age group is required to effectively promote SLE.Implications for practiceBy developing and applying differentiated nursing interventions suitable for each age group for middle‐aged and older adult cancer survivors, it should be possible to help them make a healthy transition with positive expectations for life extension.
Histopathological Changes in Liver and Heart Tissue Associated with Experimental Ultraviolet Radiation A and B Exposure on Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Keskin Seda , Acikgoz Eda , Ertürk Fatma Yilmaz , Ragbetli Murat Cetin , Ozkol Halil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the influences of ultraviolet radiation A and B (UVA + B) exposure on the liver and heart organs of albino rats. Female Wistar Albino rats, whose hair of the dorsal skin was shaved, were exposed to a combined UVA + B radiation for 2 h/day, for 4 weeks in order to be compared with the control group. Histopathological findings in vital organs (liver and heart) were evaluated. Tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin (pH = 7.2) and embedded in paraffin. The histopathological findings were examined on the H&E stained sections with light microscopy. The results show that the liver and the heart were injured in the UVA + B group. Liver tissue in the UVA + B group showed minimal vacuolation, enlargement of hepatocytes and bile duct proliferation, and the heart tissue showed hibernomas; uniform large cells resembling brown fat with coarsely granular to multivacuolated cytoplasm that is eosinophilic or pale with a small central nucleus. The number of hibernoma cases was significantly higher in the UVA + B group compared with the control group (P = 0.021). The control group showed normal liver and heart histology with normal adipose tissue in the pericardium. As a result, UVA + B exposure has toxic effects, especially on the liver and the heart of Wistar albino rats. UV radiation may cause such adverse effects in humans. Therefore, protection against the harmful effects of UV radiation is of significant importance for skin and organs.
Prognostic significance of CKS2 and CD47 expression in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zeng Jing , Zhou Wei , Wu Keyan , Tian Zhen , Shen Weigan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo investigate the protein expression levels of cyclin‐dependent kinase subunit 2 (CKS2) and the cluster of differentiation (CD) 47 in gastric cancer (GC) and their clinical significance. A total of 126 GC patients who underwent radical resection were selected as study subjects. Additionally, 32 patients with benign gastric tumour, 42 patients with low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN), and 49 patients with high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) who underwent surgery were selected as the control groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CKS2 and CD47 in surgical specimens. We statistically analysed the clinical significance of the expression of the two factors. (1) The positivity rates for CKS2 in benign gastric tumour tissue, LGIEN tissue, HGIEN tissue, and GC tissue gradually increased, that is, 6.3% (2/32), 30.9% (13/42), 38.8% (19/49), and 60.3% (76/126), respectively, and the positivity rates for CD47 were 18.8% (6/32), 38.1% (16/42), 46.9% (23/49), and 65.9% (83/126), respectively. (2) High expression of CKS2 and CD47 were associated with tumour diameter, Lauren classification, number of lymph node metastases, and TNM stage. In addition, the immunohistochemical scores for CKS2 and CD47 were positively correlated (r = .625, P = .000). (3) The median follow‐up time of 126 patients was 46.5 months, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 40.5% (51/126). Survival analysis showed that compared with that in the CKS2 (−) group, the OS rate for patients in the CKS2 (+) group was significantly worse and that compared with the CD47 (−) group, the CD47 (+) group had significantly worse OS (30.1% vs 60.5%, χ2 = 15.67, P = .000). (4) The OS rates of CKS2 (+) CD47 (+) group, CKS2 (+) CD47 (−) group, CKS2 (−) CD47 (+) group, and CKS2 (−) CD47 (−) group were 20.0% (13/65), 58.3% (7/12), 57.1% (8/14), 65.7% (23/35), respectively, the prognosis of patients in CKS2 (+) CD47 (+) group was significantly poor. High expression levels of CKS2 and CD47 were closely related to the occurrence of GC and can be used as independent risk factors to assess the prognosis of patients.
Social class bias in welfare sanctioning judgements: Experimental evidence from a nationally representative sample
Authors: de Vries Robert , Reeves Aaron , Geiger Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we examine whether welfare deservingness judgements in the United Kingdom are affected by a bias against claimants from stigmatised social class backgrounds. In the United Kingdom, as in other countries, stereotypes of a perceived social ‘underclass’ are widespread. Political and media discourse frequently portrays members of this ‘underclass’ as lazy, feckless and not genuinely in need of support. Yet despite strong academic interest in perceived welfare deservingness, existing research has largely neglected the role of social class bias in deservingness judgements. To address this gap, we use a novel vignette experiment administered to a representative sample of British respondents to provide the first direct evidence of discrimination against welfare claimants with ‘underclass’ signifiers. We find that the British public are more likely to endorse a sanction against a claimant from an ‘underclass’ background than against an otherwise identical claimant from a less stigmatised class background. We also asked respondents to justify their decisions and, applying computational methods to analyse these free‐text responses, we find that ‘underclass’ claimants are more likely to be blamed for violating the conditions of their benefit, while claimants from other class backgrounds are more often given the ‘benefit of the doubt.’ Our findings have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between social class background and public deservingness perceptions, and potentially for the differential treatment of claimants by the benefits system.
Rayleigh–Bénard Convection in a Radiating Fluid
Authors: Siddheshwar P. G. , Kanchana C. , Laroze D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) in a radiating Newtonian fluid are studied in the paper. The optical properties of the Newtonian fluid are considered to be independent of the wavelength of radiation. A gray medium thus assumed allows us to consider two asymptotic cases: (a) optically thin fluid medium (transparent) and (b) optically thick fluid medium (opaque). Using the solution in terms of a truncated Fourier series representation, we arrive at the analytical expression for the Rayleigh number and examine the thermal radiation properties. A modified Lorenz model, which has in it the influence of the radiation parameters, is derived. The analytically intractable three-dimensional Lorenz model is then projected into the one-dimensional Stuart–Landau equation. The analytical solution of the Stuart–Landau equation is used to quantify the heat transport. It is shown that the radiation inhibits the primary instability of convection in both transparent and opaque media. However, the delay of convection is more in the opaque medium compared to that in the transparent medium. Inclusion of a transparent medium creates a “heat-sink-like situation,” whereas the opaque medium leads to an “enhanced-thermal-diffusivity situation.” Both these situations result in diminished heat transport in the RBC system. The analytical expression of the Hopf–Rayleigh number is obtained by linearizing the modified Lorenz model around one of its postonset critical points. This number provides information about the onset of chaos in the dynamical system. The impact of the radiation effect is to delay the appearance of chaos.
Comparative Analysis of the Structure of Differences between Some Morphotypes of Large African Barbs of Genus Barbus (Labeobarbus auctorum) from Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Mina M. V. , Mironovsky A. N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract—
It is shown that the phyletic relationships of the morphotypes of large African barbs Barbus (Labeobarbus auctorum) may be assessed by the results of a comparative analysis of the structure of morphological differences between them. At the same time, the structure of differences between two samples is characterized by the distribution of eigenvector loadings of characters on the principle component, according to which their most clear separation is revealed; and the similarity of the structure of differences between pairs of samples is assessed by comparing the structure of differences between samples in the first and second pairs. The hypothesis, according to which the phenetic hierarchy of morphotypes of large African barbs from Lake Tana arose as a result of independent branching of ontogenetic channels from the channel of the generalized form is confirmed. The similarity of the structure of differences between morphotypes is characterized by the similarity of eigenvector loadings in pairwise comparisons and the similarity of the location of characters ranked by the magnitude of their eigenvector loadings.
Solvate Ionic Liquids: Assessing the Possibility of Determining the Composition by Means of Gas–Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Sheina L. V. , Karaseva E. V. , Battalova E. A. , Ivanov S. P. , Kolosnitsyn V. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A study is performed of the possibility of using gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) to determine the composition of solutions of lithium salts in aprotic dipolar solvents and solvate ionic liquids. The objects of study are solutions of lithium perchlorate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate in sulfolane and solvate complexes of lithium perchlorate with sulfolane obtained in two ways: direct interaction of the initial components in a given molar ratio and interaction of the components in a common solvent with its subsequent removal via evaporation. It is shown that GLC is a convenient way of determining the content of a solvating solvent in the composition of solutions and solvate ionic liquids. The presence of lithium salt in the analyzed solutions does not affect the period of retention; instead, it raises the degree of asymmetry of the chromatographic peak of the solvent and manifestation of the tailing effect. It is found that the presence of salt in the considered system also does not reduce the accuracy of determining the solvent content. The error in determining the content of solvent in solutions of lithium salts and solvate complexes by GLC is no greater than 1%.
What matters for health? Public views from eight countries
Authors: Abdalla Salma M , Hernandez Mark , Fazaludeen Koya Shaffi , Rosenberg Samuel B , Robbins Grace , Magana Laura , Nsoesie Elaine Okanyene , Sabin Lora , Galea Sandro 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionDespite growing scholarship on the social determinants of health (SDoH), wider action remains in its early stages. Broad public understanding of SDoH can help catalyse such action. This paper aimed to document public perception of what matters for health from countries with broad geographic, cultural, linguistic, population composition, language and income level variation.MethodsWe conducted an online survey in Brazil, China, Germany, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and the USA to assess rankings of what respondents thought matters for health and what they perceived decision makers think matters for health. We analysed the percentages of each determinant rated as the most important for good health using two metrics: the top selection and a composite of the top three selections. We used two-tailed χ2test for significance testing between groups.ResultsOf 8753 respondents, 56.2% (95% CI 55.1% to 57.2%) ranked healthcare as the most important determinant of good health using the composite metric. This ranking was consistent across countries except in China where it appeared second. While genetics was cited as the most important determinant by 22.3% (95% CI 21.5% to 23.2%) of the overall sample with comparable rates in most countries, the percentage increased to 33.3% (95% CI 30.5% to 36.3%) in Germany and 35.9% (95% CI 33.0% to 38.8%) in the USA. Politics was the determinant with the greatest absolute difference (18.5%, 95% CI 17.3% to 19.6%) between what respondents considered matters for health versus what they perceived decision makers think matters for health.ConclusionThe majority of people consider healthcare the most important determinant of health, well above other social determinants. This highlights the need for more investment in communication efforts around the importance of SDoH.
Civil–military cooperation in the management of infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review
Authors: Janse Jacobine , Kalkman Jori Pascal , Burchell George Louis , Hopperus Buma Adriaan Pieter Cornelis Christiaan , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Bollen Myriame Thérèse Isabella Beatrice , Timen Aura 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCivil–military cooperation (CMC) in infectious disease outbreak responses has become more common, and has its own cooperation dynamics. These collaborations fit WHO’s call for multisectoral cooperation in managing health emergencies according to the emergency management cycle (EMC). However, the literature on CMC on this topic is fragmented. The core aim of this review is to understand the breadth and dynamics of this cooperation by using the EMC as a framework and by identifying challenges and opportunities in the management of outbreaks.MethodsA scoping review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was conducted. A systematic search for peer-reviewed journals was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Eligible papers addressed substantive contributions to the understanding of CMC. Papers were categorised by EMC phase and relevant information on study characteristics and areas of cooperation were extracted from the data. Recurring themes on challenges and opportunities in cooperation were identified by means of qualitative interpretation analysis.ResultsThe search resulted in 8360 papers; 54 were included for analysis. Most papers provided a review of activities or expert opinions. CMC was described in all EMC phases, with the fewest references in the recovery phase (n=1). In total, eight areas of CMC were explored. Regarding the better understanding of cooperative dynamics, the qualitative analysis of the papers yielded five recurring themes covering challenges and opportunities in CMC: managing relations, framework conditions, integrating collective activities, governance and civil–military differences.ConclusionGuided by these five themes, successful CMC requires sustainable relations, binding agreements, transparency, a clear operational perspective and acknowledgement of organisational cultural differences. Early and continuous engagement proves crucial to avoid distrust and tension among stakeholders, frequently caused by differences in strategical goals. Original research on this topic is limited.
Relationship between serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yangni , Yang Weinan , Li Jinhui , Zhang Yishu , Zhang Lincheng , Chen Simiao , He Lan , Zhang Yuyan 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the association of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with the risk of incident ischaemic stroke and outcome after ischaemic stroke.DesignA systematic review of primary studies.SettingHospitals in Western Sweden, Italy, China and Denmark.MethodsA search was carried out in eligible studies in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science) updated to 29 December 2020. The relevant data were extracted in order to conduct the meta-analysis. Review Manager V.5.2 was used to pool data and calculate the mean difference (MD) and its 95% CI. Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed in this meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 2277 patients were included in 17 studies. This meta-analysis indicated that higher serum IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with less risk of ischaemic stroke (MD=−45.32 95% CI –63.70 to –26.94], p < 0.00001, I2=99%) and better improvement of outcome after ischaemic stroke (MD=27.52, 95% CI 3.89 to 51.14, p=0.02, I2=96%). According to subgroup analysis, heterogeneity comes from country, sample size, male and the time from symptom onset to blood collection. Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant influence of any individual study on the pooled MD. The effect of high heterogeneity on result credibility was eliminated when four included studies were merged (MD=−30.32, 95% CI −36.52 to –24.11, p< 0.00001, I2=0%). Moreover, no potential publication bias was discovered in this meta-analysis.ConclusionHigher serum IGF-1 was significantly correlated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke. In view of the high degree of heterogeneity, it may need more studies to confirm the prognostic value of serum IGF-1 levels in ischaemic stroke and explore the sources of heterogeneity.