bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) reveals homoplasy in tribal diagnostic morphological traits
Authors: Yan Bin , Dietrich Christopher H. , Yu Xiaofei , Jiao Meng , Dai Renhuai , Yang Maofa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe subfamily Typhlocybinae is a ubiquitous, highly diverse group of mostly tiny, delicate leafhoppers. The tribal classification has long been controversial and phylogenetic methods have only recently begun to test the phylogenetic status and relationships of tribes. To shed light on the evolution of Typhlocybinae, we performed phylogenetic analyses based on 28 newly sequenced and 19 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes representing all currently recognized tribes. The results support the monophyly of the subfamily and its sister‐group relationship to Mileewinae. The tribe Zyginellini is polyphyletic with some included genera derived independently within Typhlocybini. Ancestral character state reconstruction suggests that some morphological characters traditionally considered important for diagnosing tribes (presence/absence of ocelli, development of hind wing submarginal vein) are homoplastic. Divergence time estimates indicate that the subfamily arose during the Middle Cretaceous and that the extant tribes arose during the Late Cretaceous. Phylogenetic results support establishment of a new genus, Subtilissimia Yan & Yang gen. nov., with two new species, Subtilissimia fulva Yan & Yang sp. nov. and Subtilissimia pellicula Yan & Yang sp. nov.; but indicate that two previously recognized species of Farynala distinguished only by the direction of curvature of the processes of the aedeagus are synonyms, that is, Farynala dextra Yan & Yang, 2017 equals Farynala sinistra Yan & Yang, 2017 syn. nov. A key to tribes of Typhlocybinae is provided.
Sequence comparison of the mitochondrial genomes of five brackish water species of the family Neritidae: Phylogenetic implications and divergence time estimation
Authors: Miao Jing , Feng Jiantong , Liu Xiaojuan , Yan Chengrui , Ye Yingying , Li Jiji , Xu Kaida , Guo Baoying , Lü Zhenming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeritids are ancient gastropod species which can live in marine, brackish water, and freshwater environments. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of five brackish water neritids (i.e., Clithon corona, Clithon lentiginosum, Clithon squarrosum, Neritina iris, and Septaria lineata). The mitogenomes ranged from 15,618 to 15,975 bp, and all contain 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes, with a closed ring structure. We calculated the Ka/Ks values of all 13 PCGs of Neritidae species, all ratios are less than 1, under purification selection. Phylogenetic analysis of the 13 PCGs showed that Neritimorpha is a sister group with Vetigastropoda and Caenogastopoda, genus Clithon is a sister group with Neritina and Septaria. Estimation of divergence time for all species of Neritidae showed that the main differentiation of Neritidae occurred in Cenozoic period (65 Mya), C. corona and C. lentiginosum were differentiated in the Cenozoic Neogene, the other three species diverged in the Cenozoic Paleogene. These results will help to better understand the evolutionary position of Neritidae and provide reference for further phylogenetic research on Neritidae species.
Shotgun metagenomics of soil invertebrate communities reflects taxonomy, biomass, and reference genome properties
Authors: Schmidt Alexandra , Schneider Clément , Decker Peter , Hohberg Karin , Römbke Jörg , Lehmitz Ricarda , Bálint Miklós 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Metagenomics – shotgun sequencing of all DNA fragments from a community DNA extract – is routinely used to describe the composition, structure, and function of microorganism communities. Advances in DNA sequencing and the availability of genome databases increasingly allow the use of shotgun metagenomics on eukaryotic communities. Metagenomics offers major advances in the recovery of biomass relationships in a sample, in comparison to taxonomic marker gene‐based approaches (metabarcoding). However, little is known about the factors which influence metagenomics data from eukaryotic communities, such as differences among organism groups, the properties of reference genomes, and genome assemblies.

We evaluated how shotgun metagenomics records composition and biomass in artificial soil invertebrate communities at different sequencing efforts. We generated mock communities of controlled biomass ratios from 28 species from all major soil mesofauna groups: mites, springtails, nematodes, tardigrades, and potworms. We shotgun sequenced these communities and taxonomically assigned them with a database of over 270 soil invertebrate genomes.

We recovered over 95% of the species, and observed relatively high false‐positive detection rates. We found strong differences in reads assigned to different taxa, with some groups (e.g., springtails) consistently attracting more hits than others (e.g., enchytraeids). Original biomass could be predicted from read counts after considering these taxon‐specific differences. Species with larger genomes, and with more complete assemblies, consistently attracted more reads than species with smaller genomes. The GC content of the genome assemblies had no effect on the biomass–read relationships. Results were similar among different sequencing efforts.

The results show considerable differences in taxon recovery and taxon specificity of biomass recovery from metagenomic sequence data. The properties of reference genomes and genome assemblies also influence biomass recovery, and they should be considered in metagenomic studies of eukaryotes. We show that low‐ and high‐sequencing efforts yield similar results, suggesting high cost‐efficiency of metagenomics for eukaryotic communities. We provide a brief roadmap for investigating factors which influence metagenomics‐based eukaryotic community reconstructions. Understanding these factors is timely as accessibility of DNA sequencing and momentum for reference genomes projects show a future where the taxonomic assignment of DNA from any community sample becomes a reality.
Introduced honey bees increase host plant abundance but decrease native bumble bee species richness and abundance
Authors: Su Ruijun , Dai Wenfei , Yang Yulian , Wang Xuelin , Gao Rui , He Mengying , Zhao Chuan , Mu Junpeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong‐term variation in the population density of introduced honey bees (Apis mellifera) has been shown to be associated with variations in floral traits in alpine lotus (Saussurea nigrescens). However, it remains to be determined whether a high density of honey bees affects the abundance of nectariferous plants and the species richness and abundance of native bumble bees. We predicted that a high density of introduced honey bees lasting three decades would decrease the species richness and abundance of native bumble bees but increase the abundance of honey bee host plant species. Here, field experiments were conducted to examine the diversity of nectariferous plants and native bumble bees along the typical gradients of honey bee density (high density of honey bees close to the apiary and low density of honey bees distant from the apiary). We investigated nectariferous plant abundance, floral and seed traits, and bumble bee species richness and abundance at sites with either high or low honey bee densities in an alpine meadow. Our results demonstrate that an increased population of introduced honey bees is associated with increased host plant abundance and flower/capitulum number per plant but decreased nectar volume per flower, seed mass, and species richness and abundance of native bumble bees. The bumble bee visitation rate was positively correlated with nectar volume per flower at sites close to and far from apiaries. The honey bee visitation rate was positively correlated with flower/capitulum number per plant at sites close to apiaries and nectar volume per flower at sites far from apiaries. Seed mass was negatively correlated with nectariferous plant abundance. Our findings show that introduced honey bees decrease the species richness and abundance of native bumble bees, attributed to an evolutionarily decrease in nectar resources among honey bee host plant species, but increase the abundance of nectariferous plants, attributed to the production of many small seeds by plants. This suggests that long‐term high‐density beekeeping affects the biodiversity of honey bee host plants and native bumble bees. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of maintaining the biodiversity of nectariferous plants and native bumble bees.
Global longitudinal strain and outcome after endoscopic mitral valve repair
Authors: Kotrc Martin , Bartunek Jozef , Benes Jan , Beles Monika , Vanderheyden Marc , Casselman Filip , Ondrus Tomas , Mo Yujing , Praet Frank Van , Penicka Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsIdentification of heart failure (HF) patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) that benefit from mitral valve (MV) repair remains challenging. We have focused on the role of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) and reservoir left atrial longitudinal strain (LASr) for the prediction of long‐term survival and reverse remodelling in patients with SMR undergoing endoscopic MV repair.Methods and resultsThe study population consisted of 110 patients (age 67 ± 11 years, 66% men) with symptomatic SMR undergoing isolated MV repair using a minimally invasive surgical approach. Speckle tracking‐derived LV‐GLS and LASr were assessed in apical views using vendor‐independent software. Over a median of 7.7 years (IQRs 2.9–11.2), 64 patients (58%) died. Significant reverse LV (↓ LVESVI >10 mL/m2), LA (↓ LAVI >10 mL/m2) remodelling or both were observed in 43 (39%), 37 (34%) and 19 (17%) patients, respectively. LV‐GLS (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.79, P < 0.001) and LASr (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.97, P < 0.01) but not LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LA volume index (LAVi) emerged as independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in Cox regression analysis. LV‐GLS was the only independent predictor of LV reverse remodelling (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.43, P < 0.001) whereas LAVi and LASr were both independent predictors of LA reverse remodelling (both P < 0.05). In patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline, only LASr was an independent predictor (P < 0.05) of LA reverse remodelling.ConclusionsIn patients with SMR undergoing endoscopic MV repair, LV‐GLS and LASr are independently associated with long‐term survival and reverse remodelling and may be helpful in selecting SMR patients who may benefit from this procedure.
Excited‐State Dynamics of Phosphorescent Trinuclear Re(I) Complexes
Authors: Cheng Shun‐Cheung , Chan Shing‐Lun , Phillips David Lee , Ko Chi‐Chiu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe excited‐state dynamics of cyanide‐bridged trinuclear carbonyl rhenium(I) complexes with general formula of [Re]p[Re]c[Re]p {[Re]c=[(−NC)ReI(CO)2(phen)(CN−)]; [Re]p=[−ReI(CO)2(L L)(La)], L L= diimine or diphosphine, La=triphenylphosphine or carbonyl ligand} and the monomeric peripheral control complexes have been elucidated through a study with ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The time constants for the energy transfer between the MLCT excited states of the peripheral and central Re(I) chromophores (ca. 0.56–0.78 ps) are typical for other cyanide‐bridged polynuclear transition metal complexes. The emissive excited states and the absorption transient have been characterized by nanosecond transient Raman spectroscopy.
Synthesis of 3α,6β‐Dihydroxyandrostan‐17‐one 3‐Glucuronides for the Detection of Testosterone Misuse
Authors: Thomas Komba , Khymenets Olha , Pozo Oscar J. , McLeod Malcolm D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe convenient synthesis of two 3‐glucuronide conjugates of 6β‐hydroxyandrosterone (6OH‐And‐3G 2) and 6β‐hydroxyetiocholanolone (6OH‐Etio‐3G 3) is reported. The conjugates are identified as long‐term markers of endogenous androgenic anabolic steroid abuse in doping control studies. Their resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis by E. coli β‐glucuronidase means they may be missed by conventional GC‐MS analysis protocols. One promising strategy to quantify these markers is by direct methods, which requires sufficient quantities of high purity reference materials. Our convergent synthesis features concurrent stereoselective introduction of 5α/5β hydrogen and 6β‐hydroxy groups on the steroid skeleton, and a mild Schmidt trichloroacetimidate glycosylation strategy.
Pain‐autonomic interaction is a reliable measure of pain habituation in healthy subjects
Authors: De Schoenmacker Iara , Leu Chiara , Curt Armin , Hubli Michèle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHabituation is a response decrement resulting from repeated stimuli. Reduced habituation to noxious stimuli is considered to be a proxy for central sensitization in subjects with chronic pain. Despite numerous investigations of pain habituation in relation to central sensitization, there is no consensus on the most sensitive and reliable readout, as well as analysis approach. Therefore, this study compared the usability and reliability of different readouts and habituation analysis approaches to measure pain habituation in response to repetitive heat simulation.MethodsThree blocks of 20 contact heat stimuli were applied on the volar forearm of 20 healthy subjects on two separate visits. Habituation was assessed by three different readouts: pain ratings, contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) and heat‐induced sympathetic skin responses (SSRs). In addition, two different habituation analysis approaches were used: between the three stimulation blocks (between‐block) and within the first stimulation block (within‐block).ResultsSignificant between‐block habituation for SSRs (p < 0.001), but not for pain ratings (p = 1.000) and CHEPs (p = 0.078) was found. There was significant within‐block habituation for pain ratings (p = 0.012) and SSRs (p < 0.001), but not for CHEPs (p = 0.246). Only the between‐block habituation of heat‐induced SSR was reliable between the two visits (first to second block: intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.58, p = 0.030; first to third block: ICC = 0.64, p = 0.015).ConclusionHeat‐induced SSR as a measure of pain‐autonomic interaction revealed the strongest pain habituation and showed the highest test–retest reliability.
Neuropathic‐like pain symptoms in inflammatory hand osteoarthritis lower quality of life and may not decrease under prednisolone treatment
Authors: van der Meulen Coen , van de Stadt Lotte A. , Kroon Féline P.B. , Kortekaas Marion C. , Boonen Annelies E.R.C.H. , Böhringer Stefan , Niesters Marieke , Reijnierse Monique , Rosendaal Frits R. , Riyazi Naghmeh , Starmans‐Kool Mirian , Turkstra Franktien , van Zeben Jendé , Allaart Cornelia F. , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain is common in hand osteoarthritis (OA) and multiple types may occur. We investigated the prevalence, associated patient characteristics, influence on health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) and response to anti‐inflammatory treatment of neuropathic‐like pain in inflammatory hand OA.MethodsData were analysed from a 6‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial investigating prednisolone treatment in 92 patients with painful inflammatory hand OA. Neuropathic‐like pain was measured with the painDETECT questionnaire. Associations between baseline characteristics and baseline neuropathic‐like pain were analysed with ordinal logistic regression, association of baseline neuropathic‐like pain symptoms with baseline HR‐QoL with linear regression, painDETECT and visual analogue scale (VAS) change from baseline to week 6 and interaction of painDETECT with prednisolone efficacy on VAS pain change from baseline to week 6 with generalized estimating equations (GEE).ResultsOf 91 patients (79% female, mean age 64) with complete painDETECT data at baseline, 53% were unlikely to have neuropathic‐like pain, 31% were indeterminate and 16% were likely to have neuropathic‐like pain. Neuropathic‐like pain was associated with female sex, less radiographic damage and more comorbidities. Patients with neuropathic‐like pain had lower HR‐QoL (PCS‐6.5 [95% CI −10.4 to −2.6]) than those without. Neuropathic‐like pain symptoms remained under prednisolone treatment and no interaction was seen between painDETECT and prednisolone efficacy on VAS pain.ConclusionsIn this study, 16% of inflammatory hand OA patients had neuropathic‐like pain. They were more often female, had more comorbidities and had lower QoL than those without. Neuropathic‐like pain symptoms remained despite prednisolone treatment and did not seem to affect the outcome of prednisolone treatment.SignificancePain is the dominant symptom in hand OA, with an unclear aetiology. In this study, we found that neuropathic‐like pain may play a role in hand OA, that it showed associations with female sex, younger age and more comorbidities and that it lowered health‐related quality of life in hand OA. Neuropathic‐like pain in hand OA seems resistant to prednisolone therapy but did not seem to interfere with the treatment of inflammatory pain with prednisolone.
Seismic risk analysis of electrical substations based on the network analysis method
Authors: Liang Huangbin , Blagojevic Nikola , Xie Qiang , Stojadinovic Bozidar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrical substations are critical elements of a power grid, enabling the transmission and distribution of electric power from power generators to the end‐users. Experiences from previous earthquakes have shown that electrical substations can be damaged due to ground shaking, reducing their functionality and potentially preventing the generated electric power from reaching end‐users. To assess the seismic vulnerability of a substation, a modular quantitative assessment method is proposed. In this method, the relation between the functionality state of a substation and the damage state of its components was established through the connection matrix technique. A substation is viewed as a network system, whose topology is defined by the connections among various pieces of electrical equipment (i.e., the components), represented in the connection matrix. The maximum allowable power transmission capacity of the substation after an earthquake is adopted as the system functionality metric, which is jointly determined by the power input, transform, and output capacity of the substation. The seismic vulnerability of an electrical substation is quantified by probabilistically calculating its postearthquake functionality when exposed to various earthquake intensities using Monte Carlo sampling. Finally, the risk of substation functionality loss is quantified by integrating the seismic hazard curve with the seismic vulnerability model of the substation. Two realistic case studies on a distribution substation and a transmission substation, with the same equipment configuration but different power delivery paths, were performed using the proposed method. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis regarding the equipment fragility parameters is conducted, providing a risk‐informed basis for improving the seismic performance of the substation system.
An improved underwater wireless sensor network communication using Internet of Things and signal to noise ratio analysis
Authors: Nellore Kapileswar , Polasi Phani Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderwater acoustic (UWA) channels are widely regarded as one of the most challenging communication mediums. Low frequencies are best for acoustic propagation, and the bandwidth available for communication is extremely small. The worst channel situation often limits the efficiency of UWA communication systems due to the difficulty and time‐varying nature of the UWA channel. To solve the existing limitations related with underwater signal transmission and communication, an improved underwater communication system incorporated with Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this work. The proposed system utilizes the orthogonal signal division multiplexing modulation technique. Here the signal transmission process is achieved with the help of an IoT network system. An improved AdaBoost channel estimation algorithm is used to obtain the channel information. This work utilizes an improved stochastic gradient descent optimization method for selecting the suitable mode of signal transmission based on the estimated channel. Further, an adaptive recursive least square channel equalization algorithm is used for channel compensation. The simulation results are obtained with the help of the MATLAB platform. The performance is analyzed in terms of parameters such as signal to noise ratio, bit error rate, and mean square error. A comparison of the proposed method is also made with the existing methods. The evaluation results show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods.
Transportation Electrification Gets a Boost in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
Authors: Klingel Jeremy , von Loesecke Emily 
Published: June 2022

On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA or “Act”) into law. The IIJA is one of the largest infrastructure packages in recent history, including funding across three key areas: connectivity, decarbonization, and the creation of new economic opportunities. Connectivity investments fund the ways in which Americans connect with one another both physically and virtually. The IIJA intends to fund highways, roads, and bridges, and invest in public transit and water system upgrades, passenger rail, airports, and supply chain ports. It also provides opportunities for increased access to high‐quality broadband connectivity in otherwise underserved areas. While not the intended purpose of the Act, it does nonetheless provide funding that advances decarbonization efforts, including providing financial support for the expansion of renewable energy development, the acceleration of electric vehicle adoption, and the advancement of emerging technologies such as energy storage, blue hydrogen, geothermal, and advanced nuclear power generation. Finally, the IIJA is expected to create significant job growth, with a projected creation of 1.5 million jobs per year for the next 10 years.
Whole genome duplication in oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients younger than 50 years: implications for prognosis and adverse clinicopathological factors
Authors: Satgunaseelan Laveniya , Strbenac Dario , Willet Cali , Chew Tracy , Sadsad Rosemarie , Wykes James , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Cooper Wendy A. , Lee C. Soon , Palme Carsten E. , Yang Jean Y. H. , Clark Jonathan R. , Gupta Ruta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the young (<50 years), without known carcinogenic risk factors, is on the rise globally. Whole genome duplication (WGD) has been shown to occur at higher rates in cancers without an identifiable carcinogenic agent. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of WGD in a cohort of OSCC patients under the age of 50 years.MethodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 28 OSCC patients from the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute (SHNCI) biobank. An additional nine cases were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).ResultsWGD was seen in 27 of 37 (73%) cases. Non‐synonymous, somatic TP53 mutations occurred in 25 of 27 (93%) cases of WGD and were predicted to precede WGD in 21 (77%). WGD was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.01) and was frequent in patients with recurrences (87%, p = 0.36). Overall survival was significantly worse in those with WGD (p = 0.05).ConclusionsOur data, based on one of the largest WGS datasets of young patients with OSCC, demonstrates a high frequency of WGD and its association with adverse pathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes. TP53 mutations also preceded WGD, as has been described in other tumors without a clear mutagenic driver.