bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy among the Diabetes Mellitus Type –II Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital of Hyderabad
Authors: Jatoi Asadullah , Shaikh Noman Ahmed , Mahesar Mona Liza 
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the major and leading cause of mortality among the local population of Asian countries. Routinely increase in the number of diabetes mellitus can produce financial and health crises.
Aim and Objective: This study aims to evaluate the diabetic retinopathy among the diabetes mellitus type-II at tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad.
Materials and Methods: The current research was conducted for the period of 06 months at Department of Medicine, tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad. Total 158 patients were selected with confirmed report of diabetic retinopathy. Demographic data was taken from all participants. Eye examination was performed by ophthalmologist and results were analyzed.
Results: After proper collection of data, results were compiled accordingly, total 158 participants were included in the study, from them 92 were males, 66 females. 49 patients were fall in the category of 33-39years of age group, 87 patients were having less than 1 year diabetic history, 66 participants had moderate level of HbA1c, 79 people only use Oral medicine for diabetic control, 109 patients had hypertension, 01 patients was reported with heart failure, whereas 81 patients had reported NPDR (Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy) and 77 had PDR (Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy).
Conclusion: It was concluded from the current study that diabetic retinopathy was associated with long term complication of diabetes and considered as indication for severe type of diseases associated with diabetes. Patients of NPDR with very low care can develop PDR. So the patients of NPDR were closely monitored through Ophthalmologist and Diabetologist.
Comparative Analysis of Short-Course Vs Long Course Antibiotic Therapy among Patients with Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections
Authors: Memon Amir Iqbal , Naz Samina , Bhatti Aisha Masroor , Siddiqui Mashall , Memon Riaz Ahmed , Ali Mansoor 
Published: February 2022

Background: Complicated intra-abdominal infections have become a major health challenge that merits safe and efficacious therapy. Antibiotic therapy is the treatment of choice, however the duration of antibiotic use is debatable.
Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of the short course and long course antibiotic therapy towards the treatment and the progressive outcome of patients presented with complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Methodology: This comparative study was carried out on 94 subjects (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling), who presented with complicated intra-abdominal infections, had signs and symptoms of infection along with ultrasound abdomen examination consistent with infective foci and routine blood test showing raised total leukocyte count, at the Department of Surgery - Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. Subjects were divided into two groups (47 in each) through a random assignments. Group-A was kept on a short course (5-7-days) while Group-B was kept on a long course (7-10 days) antibiotic therapy. Data were documented using a structured questionnaire, including inquiries related to sociodemographic details, disease specifics, and observed for the outcome variables (mainly postoperative early resolution of infection and long hospital stay).
Results: In Group A, resolution of infection was achieved in 59.57%, 29.79% and 10.64% patients on day 5, 6 and 7, espectively. In Group B, esoluation of infection was only reported as 42.55%, 36.17% and 21.28% on day 5, 6 and 7, respectively. The median duration of taking antibiotic was almost half in short course group than the long. Surgical site infections were commonly observed in Group B patients. There was no mortality observed in both groups. There is no significance difference observed in primary outcome of clinical cure among the groups.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the short course antibiotic therapy has good efficacy to treat CIAI when the primary foci of infection are surgically extracted with adequate source control.
Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections: Incidence in Temporary Catheters locked with Vancomycin and Heparin vs. Heparin-only
Authors: Khan Ahmad Shamim , Khan Muhammad Kashif , Zubair Mohammed , Khan Shakeel , Khalid Usman , Sultan Khawar 
Published: February 2022

Background: The increasing incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients initiating hemodialysis (HD) through a temporary HD catheter has caused the rise in catheter related infections and associated morbidity and mortality. An antibiotic lock solution (ALS) for the prevention of catheter-related bacteraemia is a promising strategy. The present randomized control study has evaluated the efficacy and safety of vancomycin as an ALS in 54 patients who required temporary double lumen catheters for HD.
Methods: The patients were randomized to receive either (A) an ALS (vancomycin 5 mg/ml + heparin 5000 IU/ml) – group A; or (B) unfractionated heparin (5000 IU/ml) alone as a catheter lock control – group B. The study duration was of three months and was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, PIMS, Islamabad.
Results: The primary endpoint of the study was catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI). The vancomycin group (A) had one episode of infection (CRBSI rate = 1.23/1000 days) compared with six episodes in the heparin-locked control group (B) (CRBSI rate = 8.55/1000 days). Mean catheter survival was significantly (p<0.05) more in group A (30.48 ± 5.7days) compared to group B (26 ± 6.5 days). No thrombotic episodes or side effects were recorded.
Conclusion: Vancomycin appeared to be a safe and effective ALS, preventing CRBSI and increasing survival of catheter in HD patients.
Evaluation of Oral Health Related Knowledge and Practices among Support Staff at a Dental Institution: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Karagir Amol , Dalvi Tanushri , Kalghatgi Shrivardhan , Adaki Shridevi , Shete Aniruddha , Shete Anagha , Thorat Shraddha 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Knowledge of oral health is considered as one of the important factors as it influences the oral health related behaviour of an individual and oral hygiene practices in turn affects the oral heath related quality of life. Hence, the main aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and practices of support staff at dental institute in Maharashtra.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Methodology: The present survey was cross-sectional survey conducted among 103 Support staff of a Dental Institute. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions which which was distributed. Demographic characteristics, oral health related knowledge and practices were presented using descriptive statistics. Knowledge among different categories of support staff was compared using chi-square test.
Results and Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that majority of the participants had a good knowledge about their oral health but were not motivated to utilize dental services which were available to them. The oral hygiene practices lacked the use of supplemental oral hygiene aids.
Screening of a Benzimidazole Derivative for Anthelmintic Activity with "Rule of 5" Approach
Authors: Meher Chaitanya Prasad , Meher Vijaya Kumar , Pradhan Dharmendra , Meher Ashish Kumar , Sahu Subodha Chandra , Sahu Soumitri 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Synthetic chemistry is an important route to develop new therapeutics for every disease. The presented research is focusing on the design, synthesis, evaluation, and Lipinski’s rule approach for a new biologically active benzimidazole derivative.
Methods: The synthesis comprises the reaction between lactic acid and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to produce a corresponding product followed by self-condensation for obtaining a complex multiple.
Results: The newly produced composite was found to hold weighty anthelmintic property when we compared the same with Albendazole(Standard drug). When the concentration of the desired compound increases paralysis as well as death time found to decreases respectively. 50µg/ml of the synthesized drug gave a time for paralysis is 30.43 ± 5.33 min & time for death is 0.56 ± 5.32 min.
Conclusion: The synthesized final compound showed to have anthelmintic activity and its orally active property was also predicted from the Molinspiration software using physicochemical (RO5) as well as bioactive limits. It can be used for anthelmintic drugs as an oral formulation.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Potential of the Sulphated Polysaccharides Fraction of Turbinaria ornata against paracetamol-induced Liver Damage in Rats
Authors: Ravindran N. T. , Sadiq A. Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To assess the potential of the sulphated polysaccharides fraction from brown marine alga Turbinaria ornata in protecting the liver damage induced by high dose of paracetamol.
Study Design: In the present work, liver damage was induced in rats with paracetamol. Simultaneously other groups of rats were given standard drug or Turbinaria ornata sulphated polysaccharides fraction. From the rats’ serum, parameters like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and reduced glutathione were determined; and from the liver homogenate, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were determined for the evaluation of the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of the sulphated polysaccharides fraction from Turbinaria ornata.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Adhiparasakthi College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), G.B. Nagar, Kalavai – 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: This study was performed using Wistar albino rats divided into six groups. Group 1 Control group. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 received paracetamol (2 g/kg) for 7 days. In addition to paracetamol, group 3 received silymarin (100 mg/kg), groups 4, 5 and 6 received Turbinaria ornata sulphated polysaccharides fraction at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively for 7 days. On the 8th day, serum and liver samples were collected from the animals and the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities were assessed by studying the levels of liver marker enzymes, bilirubin, protein, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes.
Results: Turbinaria ornata sulphated polysaccharides fraction, at the tested doses, restored the levels of all serum markers and enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and reduced glutathione) as well as liver homogenate antioxidant markers (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) significantly, in dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the Turbinaria ornata sulphated polysaccharides fraction has a hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver damage and possess antioxidant activities.
Effect of Carica Seed Extract on Inhibitory Kappa B Kinase Beta and mTOR mRNA Expression in Lung Cancer Cells (A549 Cells)
Authors: Azimudin Ridha , Preetha S. , Selvaraj J. , G Sridevi , M Jeevitha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Lung cancer is considered as one of the most common causes for cancer-related death globally. Carica papaya is one of the most well-known traditional medicines to treat diseases, and is also known to treat cancer and help in cancer prevention. The study investigates the effect of Carica seed extract on inhibitory kappa B kinase beta and mTOR mRNA expression in lung cancer cells (A549 cells).
Methods: Cell viability test was assessed using MTT assay. mRNA expression of inhibitory kappa B kinase beta and mTOR mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. The results was analysed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test with graphpad prism version 5 software. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: It was observed that there wasmaximum inhibition (50%) at 400-500µg/ml of Carica seed extract. It was also found that the fold change over control of mTOR mRNA expression was significant at 500µg/ml of Carica seed extract and the fold change over control of IKKB mRNA expression was significant (p<0.05) at 400µg/ml in cancer cells treated with Carica seed extract.
Conclusion: Thus concluding that Carica seed extract has been found to have significant anticancer property on A549 lung cancer cell lines, and can be used as a natural product in combating lung cancer.
Development of a Natural Language Processing System for Extracting Rheumatoid Arthritis Outcomes From Clinical Notes Using the National Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness Registry
Authors: Humbert‐Droz Marie , Izadi Zara , Schmajuk Gabriela , Gianfrancesco Milena , Baker Matthew C. , Yazdany Jinoos , Tamang Suzanne 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo accelerate the use of outcome measures in rheumatology, we developed and evaluated a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for extracting these measures from free‐text outpatient rheumatology notes within the American College of Rheumatology's Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry.MethodsWe included all patients in RISE (2015–2018). The NLP pipeline extracted scores corresponding to 8 measures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity (DA) and functional status (FS) documented in outpatient rheumatology notes. Score extraction performance was evaluated by chart review, and we assessed agreement with scores documented in structured data. We conducted an external validation of our NLP pipeline using data from rheumatology notes from an academic medical center that is not included in the RISE registry.ResultsWe processed over 34 million notes from 854,628 patients, 158 practices, and 24 electronic health record (EHR) systems from RISE. Manual chart review revealed a sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and F1 score of 95%, 87%, and 91%, respectively. Substantial agreement was observed between scores extracted from RISE notes and scores derived from structured data (κ = 0.43–0.68 among DA and 0.86–0.98 among FS measures). In the external validation, we found a sensitivity, PPV, and F1 score of 92%, 69%, and 79%, respectively.ConclusionWe developed an NLP pipeline to extract RA outcome measures from a national registry of notes from multiple EHR systems and found it to have good internal and external validity. This pipeline can facilitate measurement of clinical‐ and patient‐reported outcomes for use in research and quality measurement.
Dual Modulated SiO Particles by Graphene Cord and Si/SiO2 Composite for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhao Hongda , Ding Xuli , Zhang Ning , Chen Xiaojing , Xu Jiahao , He Pengfei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo dispose the fragility and poor conductivity problems of SiO‐based anode materials, a “phase change mediation combined with cord reinforcing” concept is proposed, in which graphene cord is in situ fabricated combined with Si and SiO2 nanodomains generated in the SiO matrix via chemical vapor deposition. Being the fabricated composite, graphene cord not only bridges but also wraps the SiO particles, improving the electrical conductivity and flexibility of the fabricated SiO@Gra anode. Moreover, the increased SiO2 regions in the Si/SiO matrix alleviate volume change and release the strain for Li+ insertion, enhancing the tenacity of the SiO electrode according to the phase transformation flexibility mechanism. Besides, the grain boundaries and interfaces among the Si/SiO2/SiO regions contribute to additional Li+ storage and pledge more channels for Li+ transfer and electrolyte wetting. The merit of Si/SiO2/SiO synergistically contributes to the ascendant electrochemical performance of the SiO anodes. The as‐fabricated SiO@Gra anodes deliver a high reversible capacity of 1127 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with 87% capacity retention after 200 cycles. The proposed phase change and cord reinforcing not only deepen the understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of Li+ in SiO, but also inspire a rational design tactic for advanced lithium‐ions batteries.
Structural Color on Pencil Lead Formed by Plasma Etching
Authors: Moriwaki Hiroshi , Kamine Tomoya , Kawabe Yukari , Okada Yusuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of a simple and rapid technique to form structural colors would be an important step to achieve the coloring without dyes containing toxic organic dyes or heavy metals. Here, a novel method to form structural color using plasma etching is presented. The structural color is reproducibly formed by the plasma irradiation of the surface of a pencil lead for 40–120 s. The color changes with the plasma irradiation time. The formed colors exhibit a luster and turn blue, yellow, red‐purple, blue, green, or pale red by the plasma irradiation time of 40, 60, 80, 90, 100, and 120 s, respectively. The surface asperities due to the removals of the graphite at the surface of the pencil lead by the plasma etching are changed by the irradiation time. This causes the changes in the structural color of the pencil lead. The coloring by this method can easily control the colored part by using a masking plastic plate. Furthermore, a paper painted with a pencil is also colored by the plasma treatment. The presented method is a simple and rapid technique to form structural colors and can be applied for coloring without dyes.
Engineering ROS‐Responsive Bioscaffolds for Disrupting Myeloid Cell‐Driven Immunosuppressive Niche to Enhance PD‐L1 Blockade‐Based Postablative Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Shaoyue , Zhu Chunyan , Zhou Xianli , Chen Liang , Bo Xiaowan , Shen Yuting , Guan Xin , Han Xiaoxia , Shan Dandan , Sun Liping , Chen Yu , Xu Huixiong , Yue Wenwen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe existence of inadequate ablation remains an important cause of treatment failure for loco‐regional ablation therapies. Here, using a preclinical model, it is reported that inadequate microwave ablation (iMWA) induces immunosuppressive niche predominated by myeloid cells. The gene signature of ablated tumor presented by transcriptome analyses is highly correlated with immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) resistance. Thus, an in situ scaffold with synergistic delivery of IPI549 and anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 blocking antibody (aPDL1) for postablative cancer immunotherapy is designed and engineered, in which IPI549 capable of targeting myeloid cells could disrupt the immunosuppressive niche and subsequently improve ICB‐mediated antitumor immune response. Based on five mouse cancer models, it is demonstrated that this biomaterial system (aPDL1&IPI549@Gel) could mimic a “hot” tumor‐immunity niche to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis, and protect cured mice against tumor rechallenge. This work enables a new standard‐of‐care paradigm for the immunotherapy of myeloid cells‐mediated “cold” tumors after loco‐regional inadequate practices.
Digital Image Correlation Compatible Mechanoluminescent Skin for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Shin Ho Geun , Timilsina Suman , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Kim Ji Sik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonitoring structural health using mechanoluminescent (ML) effects is widely considered as a potential full‐field and direct visualizing optical method with high spatial and temporal resolution and simple setup in a noncontact manner. The challenges and uncertainties in the mapping of ML field to effective strain field, however, tend to limit significant commercial ML applications for structural health monitoring systems. Here, however, quantification problems are resolved using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. Specifically, an image containing mechanically induced photon information is processed using a DIC algorithm to measure the strain field components, which enables the establishment of a calibration curve when the ML field is mapped onto the effective strain field using pixel level information. The results show a linear relationship between effective strain and ML intensity despite the plastic flow in ML skin. Furthermore, the calibration curve allows for easy conversion of ML field to effective‐strain field at the crack‐tip plastic zone of the alloy structure, retaining its spatial resolution. The compatibility of ML skin with the DIC algorithm not only enables the quantification of the ML effects of several organic/inorganic ML materials, but may also be useful in elucidating the fundamentals of the trap‐controlled mechanism.
Clinical and biochemical outcomes in cobalamin C deficiency with use of high‐dose hydroxocobalamin in the early neonatal period
Authors: Kacpura Abigail , Frigeni Marta , Gunther Kathryn , Farach Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis case report describes a patient with early‐onset cobalamin C deficiency who was started on treatment with high‐dose parenteral hydroxocobalamin after diagnosis at 13 days of life. Prior to diagnosis, initial presenting symptoms included poor feeding, lethargy, apneic episodes, hypothermia, and hypotonia; these symptoms resolved after initiation of medication. Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels were trended and significantly improved with treatment. She was maintained on 2 mg/kg/day dosing of hydroxocobalamin. No adverse effects to treatment were observed. At the time of this report, the patient was 19 months of age; she had not manifested common findings of early‐onset cobalamin C deficiency, including microcephaly, poor feeding, growth abnormalities, hypotonia, seizures, maculopathy, or neurodevelopmental delay. This report suggests that early initiation of high‐dose hydroxocobalamin is safe and effective.
Recent Advances on DNAzyme‐Based Sensing
Authors: Huang Zhimei , Wang Xiangnan , Wu Zhenkun , Jiang Jian‐Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOwing to the high sensitivity, excellent programmability, and flexible obtainment through in vitro selection, RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes have attracted increasing interest in developing DNAzyme‐based sensors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on DNAzyme‐based sensing applications. We initially conclude two general strategies to expand the library of DNAzmes, in vitro selection to discover new DNAzymes towards different targets of interest and chemical modifications to endue the existing DNAzymes with new function or properties. We then discuss the recent applications of DNAzyme‐based sensors for the detection of a variety of important biomoleucles both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, perspectives on the challenges and future directions in the development of DNAzyme‐based sensors are provided.
Activation of Positive Cooperativity by Size‐Mismatch Assembly via Inclination of Guests in a Single‐Site Receptor
Authors: Matsuno Taisuke , Takahashi Kanato , Ikemoto Koki , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA halogenated bowl‐shaped guest, corannulene, was encapsulated in a cylindrical host, [4]cyclochrysenylene, to form a bowl‐in‐tube complex, which mimicked supramolecular complexes between bowl guests and carbon nanotubes. As was the case with carbon nanotubes, the cylindrical space of [4]cyclochrysenylene trapped multiple corannulene molecules in an array, and 1 : 2 complexes were commonly obtained with the corannulene guests with various halogen substituents (F, Cl, Br and I). Careful statistical analyses of isothermal titration calorimetry data succeeded in revealing the stoichiometry, and the molecular structures of the 1 : 2 complexes were further clarified by X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Two fluorinated corannulene guests were stacked perpendicular to the cylinder axis, while two chlorinated guests were stacked with inclined orientations. The structural difference resulted in a large difference in the cooperativity of the two‐stage association in solution: fluorinated corannulene guests showed negative cooperativity for the 1 : 2 complexation, and the other, larger halogenated corannulene guests showed positive cooperativity.