bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and prospect of the nodal cable-free seismograph: a review
Authors: Lv Shixue , Lin Jun , Yang Hongyuan , Tian Ruyun , Wang Longxu , Bin Kangcheng , Tong Xunqian , Li Ang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The performance of seismic exploration instruments directly affects the quality of acquired seismic data as well as the efficiency of seismic survey operation. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in oil/gas and mineral resource exploration. Compared with traditional cabled seismic acquisition systems, nodal seismic acquisition systems have the advantages of light weight, small size, low capital and operational cost, reduced health safety and environment risk and strong adaptability to complex terrain environment. Therefore, they have been widely used in seismic exploration and have shown a trend of accelerated development. The major manufacturers have carried out research and development of nodal instruments, and various types of nodal seismographs have appeared. Based on the investigation of influential nodal seismographs, we summarize the research status of nodal seismographs. Based on different wireless monitoring capabilities and data harvesting modes, we classify the nodal seismographs into a shoot-blind system, semi-blind system, real-time system and enhanced real-time system. We discuss structural principles and key technologies of the four types of nodal seismographs, analyze their characteristics and predict their future development directions. Focusing on node data quality monitoring, we discuss the application of communication technologies, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Long Term Evolution, and satellites in nodal seismographs in detail. Furthermore, we analyze and evaluate three main networking architectures including planar multi-hop networks, hierarchical cluster networks and hybrid networks, and sum up the research progress of wireless routing algorithms and large-scale seismic data real-time harvesting methods. Finally, the latest applications of nodal seismographs in energy and mineral resource exploration, geological environment monitoring, urban subsurface space survey and novel seismic technologies are covered. As research on the application of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, cloud computing, 5G, Internet of Things, edge computing, machine learning and robotics in nodal systems deepens, the performance of nodal seismographs will be greatly promoted.
Quantum transport in CVD graphene synthesized with liquid carbon precursor
Authors: Yi Xin , Song Qiyang , Chen Qiao , Zhao Chuanwen , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Chen Qiao , Yan Chengyu , Wang Shun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Large-area high-quality graphene enabled by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can possibly pave the path for advanced flexible electronics and spintronics. CVD-grown method utilizing liquid carbon precursor has recently been demonstrated as an appealing choice for mass graphene production, thanks to its low cost and safe operation. However, the quality of the graphene film has been the major obstacle for the implementation of the liquid-precursor-based CVD method. Here we report the growth of centimeter-scale easily-transferable single-layer graphene (SLG) using acetone as a liquid carbon precursor. The dry-transfer technique was used to prepare the graphene device. The typical mobility of the dry-transferred SLG device is as high as 12 500 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Thanks to the high quality of the device, the robust quantum Hall effect can survive up to room temperature. The excellent device quality also enables us to observe the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation in the low magnetic field regime and systemically study the leading scattering mechanism. We extracted both the transport scattering time τ
t and the quantum scattering time τ

q
over a wide range of carrier density. The ratio of the scattering times suggests that the charged-impurity resided near the surface of the graphene restricted the device performance.
Two-step aberration correction: application to transcranial histotripsy
Authors: Lu Ning , Hall Timothy L , Sukovich Jonathan R , Choi Sang Won , Snell John , McDannold Nathan , Xu Zhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective: Phase aberration correction is essential in transcranial histotripsy to compensate for focal distortion caused by the heterogeneity of the intact skull bone. This paper improves the 2-step aberration correction (AC) method that has been previously presented and develops an AC workflow that fits in the clinical environment, in which the computed tomography (CT)-based analytical approach was first implemented, followed by a cavitation-based approach using the shockwaves from the acoustic cavitation emission (ACE). Approach: A 700 kHz, 360-element hemispherical transducer array capable of transmit-and-receive on all channels was used to transcranially generate histotripsy-induced cavitation and acquire ACE shockwaves. For CT-AC, two ray-tracing models were investigated: a forward ray-tracing model (transducer-to-focus) in the open-source software Kranion, and an in-house backward ray-tracing model (focus-to-transducer) accounting for refraction and the sound speed variation in skulls. Co-registration was achieved by aligning the skull CT data to the skull surface map reconstructed using the acoustic pulse-echo method. For ACE-AC, the ACE signals from the collapses of generated bubbles were aligned by cross-correlation to estimate the corresponding time delays. Main results: The performance of the 2-step method was tested with 3 excised human calvariums placed at 2 different locations in the transducer array. Results showed that the 2-step AC achieved 90 ± 7% peak focal pressure compared to the gold standard hydrophone correction. It also reduced the focal shift from 0.84 to 0.30 mm and the focal volume from 10.6 to 2.0 mm3 on average compared to the no AC cases. Significance: The 2-step AC yielded better refocusing compared to either CT-AC or ACE-AC alone and can be implemented in real-time for transcranial histotripsy brain therapy.
Miniaturized FPI-FBG integrated sensor for parallel monitoring of magnetic field and magnetic fluid refractive index
Authors: Samavati Zahra , Samavati Alireza , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a sensor combining Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated as an excellent alternative to traditional sensors to detect the magnetic field and refractive index (RI), simultaneously. The sensor comprises a magnetostrictive Ni-Fe alloy coated on partially-unclad FBG, connecting the two reflecting surfaces of the micro-FPI cavity. The magnetostrictive analysis shows that magnetostriction reaches the maximum value at 59.3% Ni concentration. The sensor performance test was conducted on the RI of magnetic fluid and external magnetic field changes. The probe sensitivity was found to be as high as 625.38 nm/RIU and 7.71 nm mT−1, respectively. A matrix for simultaneous measurement of the magnetic field and RI was constructed using these sensitivity values. The stability of the sensor system over more than 300 h is at a satisfactory level. Considering the accurate FBG modulation and particular design of the experiment proposed by this method, the resolution of 1.69 × 10−4 RIU and 0.016 mT for magnetic fluid and magnetic field could be achieved, respectively, which can meet the sensing demand for a wide range of applications.
How to optimally combine pre-reconstruction full shape and post-reconstruction BAO signals
Authors: Gil-Marín Héctor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe review the different approaches for combining the cosmological information from the full shape of the pre-reconstructed power spectrum — usually referred as redshift-space distortion (RSD) analysis — and from the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak position in the post-reconstructed power spectrum with the aim of finding the optimal procedure. We focus on combining the pre- and post-reconstructed derived quantities at different compression levels: 1) the two-point summary statistics, the power spectrum multipoles, P(ℓ)(k); 2) the compressed BAO variables,α∥,⊥; and 3) an hybrid approach between 1) and 2). We apply these methods to the publicly available eBOSS Luminous Red Galaxy catalogues, for both data and synthetic EZ-mocks. We find that the three approaches result in very consistent posteriors when the appropriate covariance matrix estimator is used. On average, the combination at P(ℓ)(k) level retrieves 5-10% tighter constraints than the other two approaches, demonstrating that the standard approach of combining at the level of the BAO variables is nearly optimal. We conclude that combining both BAO post-reconstructed and full shape pre-reconstructed signals for the one single data realization at the level of the summary statistics is faster, as it does not require running the whole pipeline on the individual mocks, and brings a moderate 10% improvement, with respect to the other two studied methods. Moreover, we check for potential systematics, such as, the way the matrix is built and the effect of the finite number of mocks on the likelihood estimator and find none of these have a significant impact in the final results. Combining the pre- and post-reconstruction signals at the level of the summary statistics is an attractive, faster and accurate method to be used in future and on-going spectroscopic surveys.
Conservation laws of the complex short pulse equation and coupled complex short pulse equations
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Shen Bo , Han Shuxin , Wang Gangwei , Wang Lingshu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the complex short pulse equation and the coupled complex short pulse equations that can describe the ultra-short pulse propagation in optical fibers are investigated. The two complex nonlinear models are turned into multi-component real models by proper transformations. Lie symmetries are obtained via the classical Lie group method, and the results for the coupled complex short pulse equations contain the existing results as particular cases. Based on the linearizing operator and adjoint linearizing operator for the two real systems, adjoint symmetries can be obtained. Explicit conservation laws are constructed using the symmetry/adjoint symmetry pair (SA) method. Relationships between the nonlinear self-adjointness method and the SA method are investigated.
Improving the spatial resolution of artificial vision using midget retinal ganglion cell populations modeled at the human fovea
Authors: Italiano Michael L , Guo Tianruo , Lovell Nigel H , Tsai David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Retinal prostheses seek to create artificial vision by stimulating surviving retinal neurons of patients with profound vision impairment. Notwithstanding tremendous research efforts, the performance of all implants tested to date has remained rudimentary, incapable of overcoming the threshold for legal blindness. To maximize the perceptual efficacy of retinal prostheses, a device must be capable of controlling retinal neurons with greater spatiotemporal precision. Most studies of retinal stimulation were derived from either non-primate species or the peripheral primate retina. We investigated if artificial stimulation could leverage the high spatial resolution afforded by the neural substrates at the primate fovea and surrounding regions to achieve improved percept qualities. Approach. We began by developing a new computational model capable of generating anatomically accurate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) populations within the human central retina. Next, multiple RGC populations across the central retina were stimulated in-silico to compare clinical and recently proposed neurostimulation configurations based on their ability to improve perceptual efficacy and reduce activation thresholds. Main results. Our model uniquely upholds eccentricity-dependent characteristics such as RGC density and dendritic field diameter, whilst incorporating anatomically accurate features such as axon projection and three-dimensional (3D) RGC layering, features often forgone in favor of reduced computational complexity. Following epiretinal stimulation, the RGCs in our model produced response patterns in shapes akin to the complex and non-trivial percepts reported in clinical trials. Our results also demonstrated that even within the neuron-dense central retina, epiretinal stimulation using a multi-return hexapolar electrode arrangement could reliably achieve spatially focused RGC activation and could achieve single-cell excitation in 56% of all tested locations. Significance. This study establishes an anatomically accurate 3D model of RGC populations within the human central retina and demonstrates the potential for an epiretinal hexapolar configuration to achieve consistent, spatially confined retinal responses, even within the unique and neuron-dense foveal region. Our results and model promote the prospect and optimization of higher spatial resolution in future epiretinal implants.
Assessment of advanced fluid neutral models for the neutral atoms in the plasma edge and application in ITER geometry
Authors: Van Uytven Wim , Dekeyser Wouter , Blommaert Maarten , Carli Stefano , Baelmans Martine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The neutral atoms in the plasma edge of nuclear fusion devices are typically modeled using either a fluid or kinetic approach. The kinetic approach is most accurate, but it has two main disadvantages. First, the usual solution of the high-dimensional kinetic equation using Monte Carlo techniques introduces statistical noise, which hampers the convergence of the coupled plasma-neutral model. Second, the computational time strongly increases for highly collisional regimes. For these reasons, deterministic fluid neutral models remain an attractive alternative, in particular for the highly collisional conditions where their accuracy is expected to be high. In recent years, efforts have been undertaken to improve the agreement between the fluid and kinetic approach by introducing consistent transport coefficients and consistent boundary conditions in the fluid models. In this work, these so-called advanced fluid neutral models are further enhanced by introducing different strategies to cope with the high heterogeneity of the ion-neutral collisionality encountered in realistic plasma-edge geometries, namely isotropic neutral flux limiters and an automated selection criterion for the optimal neutral boundary conditions. The validity of the resulting fluid neutral models is thoroughly assessed for various representative simulation cases with different geometries, divertor collisionalities, and wall materials, including, for the first time, simulations in a realistic ITER plasma edge geometry. Strong quantitative agreement between the fluid and kinetic models is achieved for cases with highest divertor collisionality.
Granular Matrigel: restructuring a trusted extracellular matrix material for improved permeability
Authors: Mahdieh Zahra , Cherne Michelle D , Fredrikson Jacob P , Sidar Barkan , Sanchez Humberto S , Chang Connie B , Bimczok Diane , Wilking James N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Matrigel is a polymeric extracellular matrix material produced by mouse cancer cells. Over the past four decades, Matrigel has been shown to support a wide variety of two- and three-dimensional cell and tissue culture applications including organoids. Despite widespread use, transport of molecules, cells, and colloidal particles through Matrigel can be limited. These limitations restrict cell growth, viability, and function and limit Matrigel applications. A strategy to improve transport through a hydrogel without modifying the chemistry or composition of the gel is to physically restructure the material into microscopic microgels and then pack them together to form a porous material. These ‘granular’ hydrogels have been created using a variety of synthetic hydrogels, but granular hydrogels composed of Matrigel have not yet been reported. Here we present a drop-based microfluidics approach for structuring Matrigel into a three-dimensional, mesoporous material composed of packed Matrigel microgels, which we call granular Matrigel. We show that restructuring Matrigel in this manner enhances the transport of colloidal particles and human dendritic cells (DCs) through the gel while providing sufficient mechanical support for culture of human gastric organoids (HGOs) and co-culture of human DCs with HGOs.
Synthesis of smart carriers based on tryptophan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and its application in 5-fluorouracil delivery
Authors: Tokmedash Mohammad Asadi , Seyyedi Zadeh Elham , Balouchi Elham Nezami , Salehi Zeinab , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multifunctional nanocarriers, specifically for tumor targeting and traceable features, have been increasingly considered in cancer therapies. Herein, a novel targeting agent (TA), tryptophan (TRP), was proposed for the synthesis of functionalized (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-iron oxide nanoparticles using two methods, creating a smart drug delivery system (DDS). In one method, two-step, glutaraldehyde (GA) as a linker, bonded TRP and amino-functionalized magnetite, and in the second method, one step, TRP binding was carried out by (3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-N’-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The synthesis yield of the second method was 7% higher than the first method. After synthesizing DDS, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was loaded on nanocarriers and was observed TRP functionalized nanoparticles by GA have better loading efficiency, which was 50% greater than the product from the one-step method. A pH-sensitive release profile was also studied for 5-FU/DDS with the release of almost 75% and 50% at pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively. To analyze the biological aspects of nanocarriers, human breast cancer, MCF-7, and embryonic kidney, HEK293, cell lines were used for cellular uptake and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. In vitro studies confirmed that TRP can act as a TA as its cellular uptake through cancerous cells was 40% greater than normal cells, and the MTT assay confirmed that using DDS can increase and decrease the cell viability of normal cells and cancerous cells, respectively, compared to free drug. Therefore, it was concluded that advanced nano-assembly is a great candidate for breast cancer cell-targeted delivery.
Community-based participatory research for low-cost air pollution monitoring in the wake of unconventional oil and gas development in the Ohio River Valley: Empowering impacted residents through community science
Authors: Raheja Garima , Harper Leatra , Hoffman Ana , Gorby Yuri , Freese Lyssa , O’Leary Brendan , Deron Nathan , Smith Shannon , Auch Ted , Goodwin Melissa , Westervelt Daniel M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Belmont County, Ohio is heavily dominated by unconventional oil and gas development that results in high levels of ambient air pollution. Residents here chose to work with a national volunteer network to develop a method of participatory science to answer questions about the association between impact on the health of their community and pollution exposure from the many industrial point sources in the county and surrounding area and river valley. After first directing their questions to the government agencies responsible for permitting and protecting public health, residents noted the lack of detailed data and understanding of the impact of these industries. These residents and environmental advocates are using the resulting science to open a dialogue with the EPA in hopes to ultimately collaboratively develop air quality standards that better protect public health. Results from comparing measurements from a citizen-led participatory low-cost, high-density air pollution sensor network of 35 particulate matter and 25 volatile organic compound sensors against regulatory monitors show low correlations (consistently R2 < 0.55). This network analysis combined with complementary models of emission plumes are revealing the inadequacy of the sparse regulatory air pollution monitoring network in the area, and opening many avenues for public health officials to further verify people’s experiences and act in the interest of residents’ health with enforcement and informed permitting practices. Further, the collaborative best practices developed by this study serve as a launchpad for other community science efforts looking to monitor local air quality in response to industrial growth.
Multidecadal variability of ENSO in a recharge oscillator framework
Authors: Crespo Lander R , Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca Mª , Polo Irene , Keenlyside Noel , Dommenget Dietmar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We use a conceptual recharge oscillator model to identify changes in El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) statistics and dynamics during the observational record. The variability of ENSO has increased during the 20th century. The cross-correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and warm water volume (WWV) has also changed during the observational record. From the 1970s onwards, the SST drives WWV anomalies with a lead-time of ten months and the WWV feedbacks onto the SST with a lead-time of eight months. This is reminiscent of a recharge-discharge mechanism of the upper ocean heat content. The full recharge-discharge mechanism is only observed from the 1970s onwards. This could be the result of the degradation of the quality of observations in the early part of the 20th century. However, it may also be a consequence of decadal changes in the coupling between WWV and SST. Additional analysis fitting the recharge oscillator model to the coupled state-of-the-art climate models indicates that ENSO properties show little decadal changes in the climate models. The disagreement in changes in ENSO properties between the reanalysis and the climate models can be due to errors in the available observational data or due to the models missing the low frequency variability and decadal wind trends. Longer and more reliable observational records would be required to validate our results.
Improving the relationships between Indigenous rights holders and researchers in the Arctic: an invitation for change in funding and collaboration
Authors: Doering Nina Nikola , Dudeck Stephan , Elverum Shelly , Fisher Charleen , Henriksen Jan Erik , Herrmann Thora Martina , Kramvig Britt , Laptander Roza , Milton Justin , Omma Elle Merete , Saxinger Gertrude , Scheepstra Annette J M , Wilson Katherine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTruly transdisciplinary approaches are needed to tackle the complex problems that the Arctic is facing at the moment. Collaboration between Indigenous rights holders and researchers through co-creative research approaches can result in high-quality research outcomes, but crucially also address colonial legacies and power imbalances, enhance mutual trust, and respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples. However, to be successful, collaborative research projects have specific requirements regarding research designs, timeframes, and dissemination of results, which often do not fit into the frameworks of academic calendars and funding guidelines. Funding agencies in particular play an important role in enabling (or disabling) meaningful collaboration between Indigenous rights holders and researchers. There is an urgent need to re-think existing funding-structures. This article will propose a new paradigm for the financing of Arctic research, which centres around the inclusion of Indigenous partners, researchers, and institutions from the initial planning stages of funding programmes to the final stages of research projects. These findings and recommendations have been contextualized based on critical reflections of the co-authors, a group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners, who have practiced their own collaborative work process, the challenges encountered, and lessons learned.