bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in a complex open skill
Authors: Bull Hamish G. , Atack Alexandra C. , North Jamie S. , Murphy Colm P. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTExternal focus of attention has been shown to promote more automatic motor control, yielding better performance and more efficient technique, than an internal focus. However, most research has used closed‐skill tasks in novices. The extent to which the reported pattern of findings generalises to more complex, time‐constrained tasks requires further investigation. In this study, we investigated the effect of attentional focus instructions on performance and technique in an open‐skill task in skilled performers. Thirteen skilled cricket batters batted from a ball projector in four conditions, receiving instructions to focus on the movement of their hands (internal focus), the movement of their bat (proximal external focus), the flight of the ball (distal external focus), or no instruction (control). Performance and technique were measured by quality of bat‐ball contacts and step length/knee flexion, respectively, whilst playing straight drives. Compared to external focus and control conditions, focusing internally yielded significantly worse batting performance and shorter step lengths, with the largest effects observed between internal and distal external focus conditions. Quality of bat‐ball contact data suggested that participants’ ability to protect the wicket (as evidenced by more miss/edge shots) was more negatively affected by focusing internally than their ability to play shots to score runs (as evidenced by fewer good bat‐ball contacts). Findings suggest that, for skilled performance of open‐skill tasks, a distal external focus yields more effective performance and technique compared with focusing internally. Findings highlight the need for further research on attentional focus effects between different skills within specific sports.
Directional Chiral Optical Emission by Electron-Beam-Excited Nano-Antenna
Authors: Xiong Xiang , Zeng Zhao-Yuan , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Manipulating directional chiral optical emissions on a nanometer scale is significant for material science studies. The electron-beam-excited nanoantenna provides a favorable platform to tune optical emissions at the deep subwavelength scale. Here we present an L-shaped electron-beam-excited nanoantenna (LENA) with two identical orthogonal arms. By selecting different electron-beam impacting sites on the LENA, either the left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) or the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) emission can be excited. The LCP and RCP emissions possess different emission directionality, and the emission wavelength depends on the arm length of the LENA. Further, we show a combined nanoantenna with two LENAs of different arm lengths. Induced by the electron beam, LCP and RCP lights emit simultaneously from the nanoantenna with different wavelengths to different directions. We suggest this approach is informative for investigating electron-photon interaction and electron-beam spectroscopy in nanophotonics.
Numerical simulation of atmospheric-pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge on a curved dielectric with a curvilinear mesh
Authors: Tamura Hideto , Sato Shintaro , Ohnishi Naofumi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A numerical simulation method for atmospheric-pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is presented using a structured curvilinear mesh that is fitted to a curved dielectric surface. The numerical method is based on the plasma fluid model with general coordinate transformation, which is widely used in the field of the computational fluid dynamics. The calculations of a potential distribution formed by a line electrode and a planar surface DBD are performed to confirm the validity of the proposed method. We conducted numerical simulations of the DBD on a wavy surface using the proposed method to investigate the characteristics of the DBD on a curved surface. The propagation velocity of the discharge front and the electric field strength of the discharge front changed depending on the surface shape. The proposed method enables the calculation of the DBD on a complex surface and widens the application range of the numerical simulation in the field of discharge physics.
Nanoscale probing of surface potential landscape at MoS2/BP van der Waals p–n heterojunction
Authors: Raturi Mamta , Kaur Arneet , Tyagi Himanshu , Bhakar Monika , Saini Jyoti , Kaur Manpreet , Sarkar Abir D , Hazra Kiran S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
2D van der Waals heterostructure paves a path towards next generation semiconductor junctions for nanoelectronics devices in the post silicon era. Probing the band alignment at a real condition of such 2D contacts and experimental determination of its junction parameters is necessary to comprehend the charge diffusion and transport through such 2D nano-junctions. Here, we demonstrate the formation of the p–n junction at the MoS2/Black phosphorene (BP) interface and conduct a nanoscale investigation to experimentally measure the band alignment at real conditions by means of measuring the spatial distribution of built-in potential, built-in electric field, and depletion width using the Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) technique. We show that optimization of lift scan height is critical for defining the depletion region of MoS2/BP with nanoscale precision using the KPFM technique. The variations in the built-in potential and built-in electric field with varying thicknesses of MoS2 are revealed and calibrated.
Modelling cyclotron-based production of radioisotopes via TOPAS
Authors: Broder Brittany A , Freifelder Richard , Kucharski Anna , Chen Chin-Tu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. In this work, the irradiation of natural titanium foils in the beam-stop of a compact medical cyclotron, an IBA CYCLONE 18/9, is simulated to assess the efficacy of using a beam-stop as a target holder, and using two different target geometries, in the production of vanadium-48, a positron-emitting radioisotope with potential utility as a cancer imaging agent in positron emission tomography. Approach. TOPAS, the TOol for PArticle Simulation, a Geant4-based Monte Carlo program, was used to model the cyclotron beam parameters, choose an appropriate physics list, and simulate the irradiation of targets made from foils of 12 or 12.5 μm thickness. These simulation yields were compared to theoretical yields calculated using cross section data from the literature, as well as assayed yields from experimental irradiations. Main results. We found that most physics lists in TOPAS overestimate the cross section in the desired energy range (16–20 MeV) by at least 136%, with the exception of those using the Bertini Cascade Model. Compared to assayed yields, TOPAS provided a minimum of 0.4% error for cup-shaped targets and at least a 12% overestimation for sphere-shaped targets. Significance. These simulations provide a tool to help explain irregularities in radioisotope production yield and motivate modifications to increase target yield.
Straightforward synthesis and mechanism insight of TiO2/α′-AgVO3 heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Liu Yangbin , Liu Nian , Lin Minghua , Zhou Yun , Ouyang Xiaoping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the deterioration of our environment, it is imperative to develop high-performance photocatalysts for ‘green’ environmental protection. In this work, a novel TiO2/α′-AgVO3 heterostructure has been successfully synthesized by a straightforward hydrothermal method for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Specifically, TiO2/α′-AgVO3 with a molar ratio of 4:1 displays excellent stability and outstanding photodegradation efficiency, which can remove 94% RhB within 120 min visible light irradiation. The free radical capture experiments demonstrate that h+ and ·OH act as pivotal parts in the photodegradation of RhB. Additionally, the enhanced photocatalytic performance of TiO2/α′-AgVO3 heterostructure is mainly attributed to the appropriate surface areas, broadened range of light adsorption, more photocarrier generation, and effective charge separation. This research reveals that TiO2/α′-AgVO3 heterostructure is an efficient visible light photocatalyst and is expected to be applied in organic sewage degradation.
Study of vortex dynamics in an a-MoGe thin film using low-frequency two-coil mutual inductance measurements
Authors: Mandal Soumyajit , Basistha Somak , Jesudasan John , Bagwe Vivas , Raychaudhuri Pratap 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We extract the vortex lattice (VL) parameters using low-frequency two-coil mutual inductance measurements in a 20-nm-thick superconducting amorphous Molybdenum-Germanium (a-MoGe) thin film. We fit the temperature dependence of ac penetration depth in the mixed state using a model developed by Coffey and Clem and demonstrate a procedure for extracting VL parameters such as the restoring pinning force constant (Labusch parameter) VL drag coefficient, and pinning potential barrier. We show that the extracted parameters follow the magnetic field variation expected for a weakly pinned two-dimensional vortex lattice.
Single and double electron excitation transition rates and oscillator strengths calculations in the study of the x-ray absorption spectrum of Neon
Authors: Suleiman Jamal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report a new study of the x-ray absorption spectrum of Neon near the K-edge and near the KL-edge. The study is performed by calculating the transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for excitations from the ground state to singly and doubly excited states, the calculations were performed using multi-configurational Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method. Breit interaction between electrons and finite nuclear size effects were taken into account during the calculations, the transition probabilities were convoluted into Lorentzian line shape profiles. The results of the calculations were then compared to previous measurements of the x-ray absorption spectrum of Neon, good agreement was observed and many features in the spectrum were explained.
High-power diode lasers with in-situ-structured lateral current blocking for improved threshold, efficiency and brightness
Authors: Elattar M , Brox O , Della Casa P , Mogilatenko A , Maaßdorf A , Martin D , Wenzel H , Knigge A , Weyers M , Crump P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present high-power GaAs-based broad-area diode lasers with a novel variant of the enhanced self-aligned lateral structure ‘eSAS’, having a strongly reduced lasing threshold and improved peak conversion efficiency and beam quality in comparison to their standard gain-guided counterparts. To realize this new variant (eSAS-V2), a two-step epitaxial growth process involving in situ etching is used to integrate current-blocking layers, optimized for tunnel current suppression, within the p-Al0.8GaAs cladding layer of an extreme-triple-asymmetric epitaxial structure with a thin p-side waveguide. The blocking layers are thus in close proximity to the active zone, resulting in strong suppression of current spreading and lateral carrier accumulation. eSAS-V2 devices with 4 mm resonator length and varying stripe widths are characterized and compared to previous eSAS variant (eSAS-V1) as well as gain-guided reference devices, all having the same dimensions and epitaxial structure. Measurement results show that the new eSAS-V2 variant eliminates an estimated 89% of lateral current spreading, resulting in a strong threshold current reduction of 29% at 90 μm stripe width, while slope and series resistance are broadly unchanged. The novel eSAS-V2 devices also maintain high conversion efficiency up to high continuous-wave optical power, with an exemplary 90 μm device having 51.5% at 20 W. Near-field width is significantly narrowed in both eSAS variants, but eSAS-V2 exhibits a wider far-field angle, consistent with the presence of index guiding. Nonetheless, eSAS-V2 achieves higher beam quality and lateral brightness than gain-guided reference devices, but the index guiding in this realization prevents it from surpassing eSAS-V1. Overall, the different performance benefits of the eSAS approach are clearly demonstrated.
Influence and Correction of Wavefront Primary Aberrations for Radio Telescopes using Aberration Theory
Authors: Xiang Bin-bin , Wang Wei , Ban You , Lin Shang-min , Wen Zhi-gang , He Da-lin , Cai Ming-hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dual-reflector antennas are widely used in astronomical observations and satellite communication. Structural deformations of the reflectors for radio telescopes are inevitable in outside working conditions due to exterior environment loads, which will cause distortion in the surface of the primary reflector and displacement of the subreflector, then lead to gain degradation and misalignment. In this paper, the influence and correction of misalignment in a dual-reflector antenna have been studied. From the perspective of wavefront aberration, a method is proposed to correct the wavefront primary aberration by adjusting the subreflector position. The characteristics of wavefront errors caused by structural deformation of the reflector have been analyzed, and relationships between the position motions of the subreflector and the Seidel wavefront aberrations are derived. The adjustment quantities of the subreflector are also derived. The results show the appropriate positional change of the subreflector in the lateral and axial directions can effectively correct the effects of the tilt and defocus in the primary aberrations caused by antenna structural deformations.
Improved absolute frequency measurement of the strontium ion clock using a GPS link to the SI second
Authors: Jian Bin , Bernard John , Gertsvolf Marina , Dubé Pierre 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report on an improved absolute frequency measurement of the

5

s

2

S

1

/

2

–

4

d

2

D

5

/

2

optical transition of a single trapped strontium ion using a Global Positioning System (GPS) link to the SI second. Compared to our previous measurement, the systematic uncertainty of the optical clock has been reduced from

1.5
×

10

−
17

to

1.2
×

10

−
17

. The measurement campaign was performed over a two-week period in June 2017, with a total measurement time of 92 h. The traceability to the SI second through International Atomic Time was achieved through a GPS link using the Precise Point Positioning method. The dead time uncertainty of the link between the optical clock and the maser was evaluated using standard methods based on a model of the maser noise and on the optical frequency measurement uptimes. The measured frequency of the 88Sr+ ion

5

s

2

S

1

/

2

–

4

d

2

D

5

/

2

transition is

444
779
044
095
485.49
(
19
)

Hz. This result is in excellent agreement with our previous measurements and the uncertainty has been reduced by almost a factor of four, from a fractional frequency uncertainty of

1.7
×

10

−
15

to

4.3
×

10

−
16

.
Bottom drag measurements in experimental wind tunnel tests
Authors: Krzysiak A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of wind tunnel tests aimed at determining the model bottom drag in the case of rocket model tests. The balance measurement technique of the rocket model fixed in the wind tunnel test section by the rear sting was discussed. The model was equipped with the two parallel boosters. Based on the wind tunnel test of the rocket twin model the values of the bottom pressure was determined for tested Mach numbers. An algorithm of wind tunnel corrections was shown, which allowed the total drag determination in a case of the rocket active or passive rocket flight. The test results showed the necessity of the bottom drag measurements in wind tunnel tests.
Numerical analysis of influence of various bluff-body shapes on diffusion flame dynamics
Authors: Kantoch Robert , Wawrzak Agnieszka , Tyliszczak Artur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, various bluff-body shapes (cylindrical, square, star) and two different surface topologies (smooth, wavy) are applied as passive tools for controlling a non-premixed hydrogen flame in a combustion chamber. We focus on the dynamics of the flame and its time-averaged characteristics in the close vicinity of an injection system within formed recirculation zones and also in a far-field. The research is performed with the help of large-eddy simulations (LES) method using the ANSYS Fluent software and a high-order academic code SAILOR. Flame behaviour is found to be strongly dependent on the geometry of the bluff-body whereas its wall topology affects the flame characteristics only slightly. In the cases with the square and star bluff-body, small vortical structures originating at the corners deform large vortical structures created by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism. This intensifies the mixing and combustion process and, in the configuration with the square shape bluff-body, translates to the shortening of the recirculation zone by 15% of the equivalent bluff-body diameter and the flame, which in the axis develops closer to the bluff-body. The star shape leads to the most uniform flame at the radial border or the recirculation zone.
Strouhal number and vortices in far wake of cylinder
Authors: Duda D , Yanovych V , Horáček V , Uruba V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The wake past a smooth cylinder perpendicular to the flow is studied 15D (cylinder diameters) downstream by using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Spatial shedding period is used to estimate the spatial Strouhal number (Sh) and to compare with time-resolved hot-wire anemometer (HWA). The vortices are detected within the spatial fluctuation field. The statistical vortex properties do not change within the explored range of Reynolds numbers (from 5 000 to 60 000), similarly the spectra and Sh.
On the use of household expenditure surveys to monitor mismanaged plastic waste from food packaging in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Wright Jim Allan , Damkjaer Simon , Vaisanen Heini , Adama-Tettey Quaranchie , Dzodzomenyo Mawuli , Hill Allan G , Okotto Lorna Grace , Okotto-Okotto Joseph , Shaw Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: substantial increases in plastic production have resulted in plastics proliferating of in the environment, with subsequent seabed plastic deposition and ingestion by marine fauna. There is an urgent need to monitor mismanaged plastic waste from household consumption. Household expenditure survey analysis has quantified mismanaged plastic waste generated from household packaged (bottled or bagged) water consumption, but not from consumption of other products. Methods: to evaluate whether household expenditure surveys can quantify mismanaged waste from other widely consumed commodities, we quantify mismanaged plastic waste from the domestic consumption of cooking oil alongside packaged water in urban Greater Accra, Ghana, and all cities nationally in Kenya using two household expenditure surveys. Results: household survey-derived estimates indicate packaged water consumption generates considerably more plastic waste than oil packaging in Greater Accra, whereas oil packaging generates more plastic waste than packaged water in urban Kenya. Conclusion: by successfully transferring a survey analysis protocol from packaged water to cooking oil, we conclude that there is ample potential for expenditure surveys to be used internationally to quantify mismanaged plastic waste from households. However, uncertainties affecting mismanaged waste estimates need to be accounted for.
Gas breakdown in radio-frequency field within MHz range: a review of the state of the art
Authors: JIANG Wei , WU Hao , WANG Zhijiang , YI Lin , ZHANG Ya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) driven by 1–100 MHz radio-frequency (MRF) are essential for many industrial applications, and their breakdown characteristics are different to that of direct current (DC) breakdown. This review seeks to understand the state of the art of electric breakdown in the MRF field and provide references for related basic and applied research. We have given a brief history of research into MRF-driven breakdown, including Paschen curves, the corresponding discharge modes and parameter spaces, and the evolution of the parameters during the breakdown process. It is shown that the focus has been transferred from the breakdown voltage and V-I characteristics to the evolution of plasma parameters during the breakdown, both in experiments and simulations. It is shown that many fundamental and applied problems still need to be investigated, especially with the new global model and the incorporation of the external circuit model.
Relationship between surgical volume and outcomes in elective and acute cholecystectomy: nationwide, observational study
Authors: Blohm My , Sandblom Gabriel , Enochsson Lars , Hedberg Mats , Andersson Mikael Franko , Österberg Johanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
High surgical volumes are attributed to improved quality of care, especially for extensive procedures. However, it remains unknown whether high-volume surgeons and hospitals have better results in gallstone surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether operative volume affects outcomes in cholecystectomies.

Methods
A registry-based cohort study was performed, based on the Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery. Cholecystectomies from 2006 to 2019 were included. Annual volumes for the surgeon and hospital were retrieved. All procedures were categorized into volume-based quartiles, with the highest group as reference. Low volume was defined as fewer than 20 operations per surgeon per year and fewer than 211 cholecystectomies per hospital per year. Differences in outcomes were analysed separately for elective and acute procedures.

Results
The analysis included 154 934 cholecystectomies. Of these, 101 221 (65.3 per cent) were elective and 53 713 (34.7 per cent) were acute procedures. Surgeons with low volumes had longer operating times (P &lt; 0.001) and higher conversion rates in elective (OR 1.35; P = 0.023) and acute (OR 2.41; P &lt; 0.001) operations. Low-volume surgeons also caused more bile duct injuries (OR 1.41; P = 0.033) and surgical complications (OR 1.15; P = 0.033) in elective surgery, but the results were not statistically significant for acute procedures. Low-volume hospitals had more bile duct injuries in both elective (OR 1.75; P = 0.002) and acute (OR 1.96; P = 0.003) operations, and a higher mortality rate after acute surgery (OR 2.53; P = 0.007).

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated that operative volumes influence outcomes in cholecystectomy. The results indicate that gallstone surgery should be performed by procedure-dedicated surgeons at hospitals with high volumes of this type of benign surgery.