bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in drought evolution as portrayed for China using various evapotranspiration models and drought indices
Authors: Wang Huaijun , Cao Lei , Li Xinchuan , Feng Ru , Zheng Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrought, a slow‐growing natural disaster that affects large areas worldwide, has serious social and economic consequences. There is compelling evidence to suggest that drought will be more prevalent in various regions in the future, due to the impact of climate change. Evapotranspiration is an important drought evolution control factor, and various evapotranspiration models show different drought evolution trends. In the study described here, meteorological data from 840 Chinese weather stations, for 1960–2018, were used to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET), using the Thomthwaite (TH), Hargreaves (HG), Priestley–Taylor (PT), Penman and Penman–Monteith (PM) models. We then compared various drought indices (the standardized precipitation index [SPI], the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index [SPEI], and the Palmer drought severity index [PDSI]), calculated using inputs from the five evapotranspiration models. The results showed that (a) evapotranspiration means and trends, as estimated by the five PET models, were significantly different, with Penman giving the highest estimate while TH the lowest. Differences between the PET model outcomes reduced under climate warming scenarios; (b) significantly different evapotranspiration models and drought indices can give rise to varied results, with the climate becoming wetter under the Penman and PM models (especially in western northwest China and eastern south China), and drier under the TH model; (c) the different drought forecasts obtained using the evapotranspiration models decreased with increasing precipitation, for all regions; (d) the SPEI is more suitable for drought monitoring compared with PDSI due to the higher sensitive to the choice of evapotranspiration model of SPEI; and (e) SPEI‐PM and SPEI‐Penman is the best drought indices in all regions. SPEI‐PT and SPEI‐HG can be applied in regions with relatively abundant precipitation (northern north China, southern north China, eastern south China, western south China, and Tibetan Plateau), and SPEI‐PM and SPEI‐Penman can be suitable for drought monitoring in arid and semi‐arid regions (western northwest China and eastern northwest China). The results presented herein are expected to aid in the selection of a proper drought index for disaster assessment.
The development of a joint neural network to the Raman spectroscopy identification of stamp‐pad ink brands and aging
Authors: Lyu Rulin , He Hongyuan , Wang Xiaobin , He Weiwen , Wang Shuyue , Yang Lei , Kong Weigang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe identification of seal authenticity is an important part of document inspection. Confocal laser Raman spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural (CNN) and recurrent neural (RNN) networks was used to distinguish red stamp‐pad ink of different brands and aging. A total of 536 spectral samples from 16 brands were collected in this study and 53,600 amplification data samples were obtained by adding noise. The joint neural network has significant classification performance compared to partial least squares (PLS) discriminant and common CNN. In the three kinds of stamp‐pad inks, photosensitive, atomic, and common, the recognition rate for different brands and aging both reached 100%.
Concurrent management of nasal bone expansion from nasal polyposis (Woakes' disease)
Authors: Dickie Alexander , Rotenberg Brian , Sowerby Leigh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWoakes' disease is the eponymous name for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) leading to thinning and expansion of the nasal pyramid. The endoscopic treatment of the sinus disease, while extensive, is standard practice for the rhinologist. Management of their external nasal deformities, for many, is not. Simultaneous closed rhinoplasty in these patients is straightforward, easy to perform and achieves an excellent esthetic outcome.MethodsThree patients with CRSwNP and notable nasal pyramid expansion are reviewed. All patients had eosinophilic disease, with two having NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD). All three patients underwent full house endoscopic sinus surgery from May 2018 to September 2019 along with simultaneous closed rhinoplasty. Two of these patients required only external digital pressure to fracture the nasal bones for gentle Boies elevator repositioning, while the third had osteotomies with minimal force to aid reduction.ResultsPostoperatively, patients had excellent nasal airway symptom improvement, and the cosmetic results following rhinoplasty demonstrated normalization of symmetry, profile, and contour of the nose with high‐patient satisfaction.ConclusionBased on our experience, simultaneous rhinoplasty on the thinned nasal bones of Woakes' Disease patients is not only easy to perform, but provides excellent cosmetic and functional results by allowing bone to remodel in the appropriate position, and avoids a second‐stage rhinoplasty.
Tracking the Endosomal Escape: A Closer Look at Calcein and Related Reporters
Authors: Hausig‐Punke Franziska , Richter Friederike , Hoernke Maria , Brendel Johannes C. , Traeger Anja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCrossing the cellular membrane and delivering active pharmaceuticals or biologicals into the cytosol of cells is an essential step in the development of nanomedicines. One of the most important intracellular processes regarding the cellular uptake of biologicals is the endolysosomal pathway. Sophisticated nanocarriers are developed to overcome a major hurdle, the endosomal entrapment, and delivering their cargo to the required site of action. In parallel, in vitro assays are established analyzing the performance of these nanocarriers. Among them, the release of the membrane‐impermeable dye calcein has become a popular and straightforward method. It is accessible for most researchers worldwide, allows for rapid conclusions about the release potential, and enables the study of release mechanisms. This review is intended to provide an overview and guidance for scientists applying the calcein release assay. It comprises a survey of several applications in the study of endosomal escape, considerations of potential pitfalls, challenges, and limitations of the assay, and a brief summary of complementary methods. Based on this review, it is hoped to encourage further research groups to take advantage of the calcein release assay for their own purposes and help to create a database for more efficient cross‐correlations between nanocarriers.
Synthesis and Reactions of Homoditopic Stable Nitrile N‐Oxide as a Powerful Tool for Catalyst‐Free Constructions of Macromolecular Architectures
Authors: Ooba Souma , Nakajima Noriyuki , Hamada Masahiro , Takata Toshikazu , Koyama Yasuhito 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrile N‐oxide is a highly reactive 1,3‐dipole that undergoes 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions to various dipolarophiles. However, the high reactivity of nitrile N‐oxide leads to side reactions with nucleophiles and self‐reactions, resulting in a decrease in the cycloadduct yield. The bulky substituent around nitrile N‐oxide kinetically suppresses such undesirable side reactions, stabilizing nitrile N‐oxide, and improving 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition efficiency. Homoditopic stable nitrile N‐oxides as a ligation tool between unsaturated bonds are developed, although the challenge of the large‐scale synthesis remains. Herein, the practical synthesis of a homoditopic stable nitrile N‐oxide from bismaleimide is reported. Three simple steps, namely, Michael addition, oximation, and oxidation, produce the homoditopic nitrile N‐oxide in 87% overall yield without purification process using column chromatography. The ligation capacity of nitrile N‐oxide is discussed through polycycloadditions with several bisdipolarophiles and the cross‐linking reaction of polyacrylonitrile.
Bio‐Based, Recyclable and Self‐Healing Polyurethane Composites with High Energy Dissipation and Shape Memory
Authors: Shou Tao , Zhai Mengyao , Wu Yaowen , Wu Sizhu , Hu Shikai , Zhao Xiuying , Zhang Liqun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRubber composites make an important contribution to eliminating vibration and noise owing to their unique viscoelasticity. However, it is important to find alternative bio‐based products with high damping properties owing to the shortage of petrochemical resources and poor performance. The ability to self‐heal is an additional characteristic that is highly desirable because it can further increase the service life and safety of such products. In this study, a bio‐based polylactic acid thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA‐TPU) and its composites (PLA‐TPU/AO‐80) are synthesized. The reversible sacrificial hydrogen bonds in the composites increase the peak value of the loss factor (tan δmax) from 0.87 to 2.12 with a high energy dissipation efficiency of 99% at 50% strain. After being heated for 15 min, the healed sample recovers 81.98% of its comprehensive mechanical properties due to the reorganization of the hydrogen bonds. Its tensile strength remains at 93.4% after recycling five times. Moreover, its shape memory properties show a response temperature close to the human body temperature making it an ideal candidate for medical applications.
Global optimization for spot‐based treatment planning
Authors: Chen Mingli , Gu Xuejun , Lu Weiguo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeMany radiotherapy modalities can deliver concentrated radiation in the form of spots, such as Gamma Knife (GK), GammaPod (GP), intensity‐modulated proton therapy, and brachytherapy, and can be generalized as spot‐based treatments. These treatments have a great therapeutic advantage of creating potent target dose while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, global optimization to determine the spot positions, shapes, and intensities is an intractable combinatorial problem for any real 3D problem. The conventional approach adopts heuristic spot selection and intensity optimization in a sequential manner to mitigate the problem complexity. In this work, we propose a novel framework that enables global optimization of spot‐based treatment planning.MethodsThe framework is based on kernel decomposition (KD) dose calculation, which models each spot dose as a scaled shift‐invariant kernel, with the reference kernels and scales pre‐calculated. During optimization, the framework incorporates Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for objective and derivative evaluations and accommodates all spot candidates in optimization search with a temporal complexity of O(N3log N) as opposed to O(N6) complexity in the conventional beamlet framework for volume dimensions of N × N × N. We demonstrated the FFT framework using simulations with different objectives. The framework's planning performance was illustrated using clinical GK and GP cases.ResultsPre‐processing involves only a small number of reference kernels and a scale map for the KD model with marginal spatial and temporal overheads. For simulations with 512 × 512 image dimensions, plan optimization finished in ∼2 seconds with FFT, whereas it took 100× longer with the beamlet approach. For clinical cases, the FFT attained solutions within a minute with improved plan quality compared to clinical plans: better conformity and less integral dose because of using a global fine search space for optimal spots.ConclusionsThe scaled shift‐invariance and FFT framework opens a new paradigm for spot‐based treatment planning, as it can substantially reduce both the spatial and temporal complexities. The framework makes global optimization for spot‐based treatment planning clinically feasible.
Making high‐quality measures available in diverse contexts—The psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a Norwegian sample
Authors: Lisøy Carina , Neumer Simon‐Peter , Waaktaar Trine , Ingul Jo Magne , Holen Solveig , Martinsen Kristin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesRecent initiatives have recommended the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) for use in research and as patient‐reported outcome in health care globally. We aimed to investigate, for the first time, whether the psychometric properties of the anxiety and depression youth self‐report measures, RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25, generalize to a Norwegian setting.MethodsWe examined gender and age differences in symptomatology among 592 children (mean age 10.7 years), and conducted a psychometric investigation of the internal reliability, structural validity, measurement invariance and convergent validity of the RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 youth versions.ResultsGirls reported higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms than boys, but no age differences were observed. Reliability coefficients for the RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 scales indicated good internal consistency. Structural validity for RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 was supported by confirmatory factor analyses results. For both measures, strong gender‐based measurement invariance was present. Convergent validity of the RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 with other well‐established self‐report measures for anxiety (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children) and depression (The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) was supported.ConclusionThe RCADS‐47 and RCADS‐25 youth versions are valid and reliable instruments for measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression in a Norwegian setting. The results add to the evidence supporting RCADS's cross‐cultural validity.
Recirculation Aquaculture System for Rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Production: Construction and Operation
Authors: Bhosale Mangesh M. , Mugale Rohini R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to design and operate a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) for the production of rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus, with recognition of preferred food type and effective harvest rate. In experiment 1, four food types (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina major, Scenedesmus obliquus, and baker's yeast) were used to determine the food type that was preferred by the rotifers. Chlorella vulgaris was the most preferred food type based on the highest rotifer count (365.33 ± 2.18 rotifers/mL). In experiment 2, rotifers were harvested at 10, 30, 50, and 70% of the total volume on a daily basis to determine the sustainable harvest rate. Daily harvesting at 30% maintained the rotifer culture at its stationary phase (381 ± 19.45 rotifers/mL) throughout the experiment. Following use in the RAS, the harvested water was treated using a series of filters (sand, cartridge, and ultraviolet filters) and was reused for algal culture. The results suggested that critical water quality characteristics, including pH (7.4–8.4), dissolved oxygen (3.8–6.8 mg/L), and un-ionized ammonia (&lt;0.5 mg/L), remained within acceptable limits. We conclude that the freshwater rotifer B. calyciflorus can be produced on a commercial scale by adopting advanced RAS-based technology with minimum water waste.
Design of a Vacuum Degassing Apparatus to Reduce Nitrogen Supersaturation and Maintain Hypoxia in Well Water
Authors: Ott Brian D. , Torrans Eugene L. , Allen Peter J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water derived from an underground well or spring is commonly supersaturated with nitrogen and low in dissolved oxygen. These conditions are generally harmful to fishes, and water must be treated to reduce total dissolved gases and adjust dissolved oxygen concentrations to desired levels. Typically, corrective methods remove nitrogen while increasing the oxygen concentration, but this is not desirable for situations where hypoxic conditions are needed for experimental purposes. In this project, a vacuum degasser was designed to remove excess nitrogen from well water while keeping dissolved oxygen concentration low (i.e., ≤2.0 mg/L). Additionally, in a parallel system, a normoxic water treatment system was designed to remove excess nitrogen while simultaneously increasing the oxygen concentration to create normoxic conditions. These systems provide solutions to overcoming gas supersaturation in well water and produce the desired dissolved oxygen concentration, without requiring the use of consumable gas cylinders.
FGLB: A fine‐grained hardware intra‐server load balancer based on 100 G FPGA SmartNIC
Authors: Huang Xiaoying , Guo Zhichuan , Song Mangu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn today's data centers, workloads including multiple services and requests are processed in parallel within a server with many CPU cores. Therefore, meeting the intra‐server load balancing is very important to improve the utilization of CPU resources in the data centers. However, the existing methods cannot well meet the intra‐server load balancing in high‐throughput scenarios. The software‐based methods generally utilize CPU cores to parse and dispatch packets. They work well at low throughput, but they have high CPU overhead at high throughput, leading to packet loss and high latency issues. The hardware‐based methods parse the packet and compute a hash over its metadata in hardware and perform load balancing in a coarse‐grained manner based on the hash value. They have the ability to work at high throughput with the advantage of low overhead but are less well in balance effect and flexibility. We, therefore, propose an intra‐server load balancer based on the reconfigurable hardware, FPGA, to meet the requirements for load balancing within servers in high‐speed application scenarios. Our method improves the load‐balancing gran‐ ularity of hardware‐based method. It not only has high throughput but also has a good balance effect and flexibility. We implemented and evaluated our method on a 100 G FPGA SmartNIC. The evaluation result shows our method can reduce the load imbalance ratio by an order of magnitude when the distribution of flow size is uneven compared to the current widely used hardware‐based method.
Influence of Tamarindus indica seed nano‐powder on properties of Luffa cylindrica (L.) fruit waste fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Felix Sahayaraj A. , Muthukrishnan M. , Ramesh M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this investigation is to determine the physical, mechanical, water absorption behavior, and thermal properties of Tamarindus indica seed powder (TISP) incorporated Luffa cylindrica fruit (LCF) waste fiber reinforced epoxy composites. TISP of size 40–50 nm was mixed with matrix in various weight proportions (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt%), and the composite laminates were made using the manual stacking followed by compression molding technique. The developed composite samples were subjected to various testing which includes density, tensile, compression, flexural, impact, hardness, and water absorption behavior. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also done to investigate the influence of TISP addition on the prepared sample to determine thermal stability. The results showed inclusion of 7.5 wt% TISP resulting better physico‐mechanical and thermal properties. A field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) test was conducted for the investigation of the bonding nature at the fiber/matrix interface, fiber pull‐outs, voids, and internal cracks. From the results it is seen that the addition of TISP improve the performance of the developed LCF waste fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Further, these composites show better resistance to moisture, which could have implications in automobile and structural applications.
Investigation of discrepancies obtained during 15 years of non‐invasive fetal RHD genotyping in apparent serologic RhD‐negative pregnant women
Authors: Dufour Patrice , Gerard Christiane , Chantraine Frédéric , Minon Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn some European countries, non‐invasive fetal RHD genotyping is the first step of anti‐D allo‐immunized pregnant women management but presence of RHD variant alleles may interfere with the results accuracy. We developed an algorithm allowing solving discordant results (due to the presence of RHD variant) in fetal RHD genotyping assay.MethodThis study gathered the results of fetal RHD genotyping performed between 2006 and 2020 in the Medicine Laboratory of CHR Liège. Exons 4, 5 and 10 of the fetal RHD were profiled in maternal plasma using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When the results were discrepant, maternal RHD variant was further explored by sequence‐specific primer PCR on maternal buffy coat.ResultsA total of 11,630 pregnant women (mainly of both Caucasian and African origins) were tested during the study period and RHD variant alleles were detected in 247 women. The most frequent variant was RHD*08N.01 found in 66 women mainly of Black African origin. We identified 45 women with weak RHD variant type 1, 2 or 3.ConclusionWomen with weak RHD variant type 1, 2 or 3 can safely be considered as RhD positive in terms of RhIg prophylaxis and/or transfusion of blood components. Therefore, identification of RHD allele variants in women with discordant fetal RHD genotyping results contributes to save RhIg prophylaxis and RhD negative blood components.
Next‐generation molecular diagnostics (TaqMan qPCR and ddPCR) for monitoring insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Mavridis Konstantinos , Papapostolou Kyriaki Maria , Ilias Aris , Michaelidou Kleita , Stavrakaki Marianna , Roditakis Emmanouil , Tsagkarakou Anastasia , Bass Chris , Vontas John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsecticide resistance has developed in several populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci worldwide and threatens to compromise the efficacy of chemical control. The molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance have been characterized and markers associated with the trait have been identified, allowing the development of diagnostics for individual insects.ResultsTaqMan and Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) assays were developed and validated, in individual and pooled whitefly samples, respectively, for the following target‐site mutations: the acetylcholinesterase (ace1) F331W mutation conferring organophosphate‐resistance; the voltage‐gated sodium channel (vgsc) mutations L925I and T929V conferring pyrethroid‐resistance; and the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (acc) A2083V mutation conferring ketoenol‐resistance. The ddPCR's limit of detection (LoD) was <0.2% (i.e. detection of one heterozygote whitefly in a pool of 249 wild‐type individuals). The assays were applied in 11 B. tabaci field populations from four locations in Crete, Greece. The F331W mutation was detected to be fixed or close to fixation in eight of 11 B. tabaci populations, and at lower frequency in the remaining ones. The pyrethroid‐resistance mutations were detected at very high frequencies. The A2083V spiromesifen resistance mutation was detected in eight of 11 populations (frequencies = 6.16–89.56%). Spiromesifen phenotypic resistance monitoring showed that the populations tested had variable levels of resistance, ranging from full susceptibility to high resistance. A strong spiromesifen‐resistance phenotype–genotype (A2083V) correlation (rs = −0.839, P = 0.002) was observed confirming the ddPCR diagnostic value.ConclusionThe ddPCR diagnostics developed in this study are a valuable tool to support evidence‐based rational use of insecticides and resistance management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.