bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of TROPS ionospheric TEC products for FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 mission
Authors: Yeh Wen-Hao , Huang Cheng-Yung , Chen Kun-Lin , Tseng Tzu-Pang , Hsiao Tung-Yuan , Ho Hsu-Hui , Wu Jing-Mei , Huang Jyun-Ying , Li Hsiu-Wen , Lin Ching-Chieh , Lee I.-Te , Liu Tie-Yue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSix low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites were launched on June 25th, 2019 for a radio occultation (RO) mission for the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) program. The GPS and GLONASS RO signals received by these F7/C2 satellites can be used to retrieve atmospheric and ionospheric parameter profiles for atmospheric and ionospheric research. In order to process the received RO signal, the processing system named Taiwan Radio Occultation Processing System (TROPS) is built. TROPS is developed by National Space Organization, Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC, and GPS Science and Application Research Center in Taiwan. The ionospheric products of TROPS are electron density profile, ionospheric scintillation index (S4 index), and absolute total electron content (TEC). S4 index has been calculated on board the satellites and other two products are retrieved by TROPS after the observation data downlink to ground. TEC is the linear integration of electron density along the signal propagation path. The electron density profile is retrieved from the relative TEC when the elevation angle of GNSS satellite is negative from F7/C2 satellite. The absolute TEC is the TEC from GNSS satellite to F7/C2 satellite. The difference between absolute and relative TEC is the TEC with/without differential code bias (DCB) correction. Currently, the data for the electron density profile and absolute TEC are provided by TROPS. Users can obtain the products freely from the internet. In this study, the retrieval method and the preliminary F7/C2 ionospheric TEC products retrieved by TROPS are presented in detail.
Comparing the Performance of Navigation Systems Under Complex Environment
Authors: Aslam Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMardia–Watson–Wheeler is applied for testing whether the circulation observations differ significantly or not. The existing Mardia–Watson–Wheeler test is applied when all circulation observations are determined, precise, and certain. In this paper, Mardia–Watson–Wheeler is introduced under neutrosophic statistics. The proposed test applies when the circular data are not exact, in the interval, imprecise and indeterminate. The test statistic of Mardia–Watson–Wheeler is extended for neutrosophic statistics. The decision criteria for testing the null hypothesis are explained with the help of circular observations obtained from two boat navigation systems. The real example and comparative studies show that the proposed test outperforms the existing Mardia–Watson–Wheeler test under classical statistics in terms of flexibility and information. From the application and comparative studies, it can be concluded that the proposed test can be applied effectively in an uncertain environment.
Hausdorff dimension of Dirichlet non-improvable set versus well-approximable set
Authors: LI BIXUAN , WANG BAOWEI , XU JIAN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDirichlet’s theorem, including the uniform setting and asymptotic setting, is one of the most fundamental results in Diophantine approximation. The improvement of the asymptotic setting leads to the well-approximable set (in words of continued fractions)
$$ \begin{align*} \mathcal{K}(\Phi):=\{x:a_{n+1}(x)\ge\Phi(q_{n}(x))\ \textrm{for infinitely many }n\in \mathbb{N}\}; \end{align*} $$
the improvement of the uniform setting leads to the Dirichlet non-improvable set
$$ \begin{align*} \mathcal{G}(\Phi):=\{x:a_{n}(x)a_{n+1}(x)\ge\Phi(q_{n}(x))\ \textrm{for infinitely many }n\in \mathbb{N}\}. \end{align*} $$
Surprisingly, as a proper subset of Dirichlet non-improvable set, the well-approximable set has the same s-Hausdorff measure as the Dirichlet non-improvable set. Nevertheless, one can imagine that these two sets should be very different from each other. Therefore, this paper is aimed at a detailed analysis on how the growth speed of the product of two-termed partial quotients affects the Hausdorff dimension compared with that of single-termed partial quotients. More precisely, let
$\Phi _{1},\Phi _{2}:[1,+\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{+}$
be two non-decreasing positive functions. We focus on the Hausdorff dimension of the set
$\mathcal {G}(\Phi _{1})\!\setminus\! \mathcal {K}(\Phi _{2})$
. It is known that the dimensions of
$\mathcal {G}(\Phi )$
and
$\mathcal {K}(\Phi )$
depend only on the growth exponent of
$\Phi $
. However, rather different from the current knowledge, it will be seen in some cases that the dimension of
$\mathcal {G}(\Phi _{1})\!\setminus\! \mathcal {K}(\Phi _{2})$
will change greatly even slightly modifying
$\Phi _1$
by a constant.
Universal minimal flows of extensions of and by compact groups
Authors: BARTOŠOVÁ DANA 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvery topological group G has, up to isomorphism, a unique minimal G-flow that maps onto every minimal G-flow, the universal minimal flow
$M(G).$
We show that if G has a compact normal subgroup K that acts freely on
$M(G)$
and there exists a uniformly continuous cross-section from
$G/K$
to
$G,$
then the phase space of
$M(G)$
is homeomorphic to the product of the phase space of
$M(G/K)$
with K. Moreover, if either the left and right uniformities on G coincide or G is isomorphic to a semidirect product
$G/K\ltimes K$
, we also recover the action, in the latter case extending a result of Kechris and Sokić. As an application, we show that the phase space of
$M(G)$
for any totally disconnected locally compact Polish group G with a normal open compact subgroup is homeomorphic to a finite set, the Cantor set
$2^{\mathbb {N}}$
,
$M(\mathbb {Z})$
, or
$M(\mathbb {Z})\times 2^{\mathbb {N}}.$
Developmental plasticity in deep time: a window to population ecological inference
Authors: Brombacher Anieke , Schmidt Daniela N. , Ezard Thomas H. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity, where traits change state in response to environmental cues, is well studied in modern populations. It is also suspected to play a role in macroevolutionary dynamics, but due to a lack of long-term records, the frequency of plasticity-led evolution in deep time remains unknown. Populations are dynamic entities, yet their representation in the fossil record is a static snapshot of often isolated individuals. Here, we apply for the first time contemporary integral projection models (IPMs) to fossil data to link individual development with expected population variation. IPMs describe the effects of individual growth in discrete steps on long-term population dynamics. We parameterize the models using modern and fossil data of the planktonic foraminiferTrilobatus sacculifer. Foraminifera grow by adding chambers in discrete stages and die at reproduction, making them excellent case studies for IPMs. Our results predict that somatic growth rates have almost twice as much influence on population dynamics than survival and more than eight times more influence than reproduction, suggesting that selection would primarily target somatic growth as the major determinant of fitness. As numerous paleobiological systems record growth rate increments in single genetic individuals and imaging technologies are increasingly available, our results open up the possibility of evidence-based inference of developmental plasticity spanning macroevolutionary dynamics. Given the centrality of ecology in paleobiological thinking, our model is one approach to help bridge eco-evolutionary scales while directing attention toward the most relevant life-history traits to measure.
Adequate levels of dietary sulphur amino acids impart improved liver and gut health in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Authors: Candebat Caroline Lourdes , Stephens Frances , Booth Mark A. , Fernando Fernando , Lopata Andreas , Pirozzi Igor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe sulphur amino acids methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) and their derivative taurine (Tau) are metabolically active molecules with interlinked roles in nutritional requirements. Deficiencies in these nutrients are linked to poor growth and health; however, the impacts of these deficiencies on organ structure and function are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of dietary Met, Cys and Tau fed at different levels on yellowtail kingfish (YTK) liver histology and surface colour, plasma biochemistry and posterior intestine histology. Samples were collected from two dose–response feeding trials that quantified (1) the Tau requirement and sparing effect of Met by feeding YTK diets containing one of seven levels of Tau at one of two levels of Met and (2) the Met requirement and sparing effect of Cys by feeding YTK diets containing one of five levels of Met at one of two levels of Cys. YTK fed inadequate levels of dietary Met, Cys and Tau exhibited thicker bile ducts, less red livers, more intestinal acidic goblet cell mucus and supranuclear vacuoles and less posterior intestinal absorptive surface area. Further, thicker bile ducts correlated with less red livers (a*, R), whereas increased hepatic fat correlated with a liver yellowing (b*). Our results indicate a shift towards histological properties and functions indicative of improved intrahepatic biliary condition, posterior intestinal nutrient absorption and homoeostasis of YTK fed adequate amounts of Met, Cys and Tau. These findings may assist in formulating aquafeed for optimised gastrointestinal and liver functions and maintaining good health in YTK.
A longitudinal study of unilateral Ménière's disease and clinical evolutionary models
Authors: Pérez-Carbonell T , Orts-Alborch M , Pérez-Guillén V , Tenías-Burillo J M , Pla-Gil I , Marco-Algarra J , Pérez-Garrigues H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe heterogeneity of Ménière's disease is presently defined by a variety of subtypes. This study introduced three different subtypes of unilateral Ménière's disease based on the evolution of vertigo crises from their inception.MethodA longitudinal descriptive study of 327 unilateral Ménière's disease patients was performed. In a subgroup of patients followed from the onset of the disease, 3 subtypes of unilateral Ménière's disease were defined according to the vertiginous crises suffered during the first 10 years of the disorder.ResultsData was available for 87 patients with unilateral Ménière's disease from the start of their disease (26.6 per cent of the original sample). These patients were grouped into three models according to their symptomatic evolution. Model 3 was associated with a worse hearing prognosis, a greater number of Tumarkin's otolithic crises and the need for surgery. Model 1 presented less hearing loss.ConclusionUnilateral Ménière's disease models based on the evolution of vertiginous crises present differences according to aspects such as hearing loss, vertiginous crisis, Tumarkin's otolithic crisis and the need for surgery.
Novel insertions in the mitochondrial maxicircle of Trypanosoma musculi, a mouse trypanosome
Authors: Wang Ju-Feng , Lin Ruo-Hong , Zhang Xuan , Hide Geoff , Lun Zhao-Rong , Lai De-Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTrypanosoma musculi is a, globally distributed, mouse-specific haemoflagellate, of the family Trypanosomatidae, which shares similar characteristics in morphology with Trypanosoma lewisi. The kinetoplast (mitochondrial) DNA of Trypanosomatidae flagellates is comprised of catenated maxicircles and minicircles. However, genetic information on the T. musculi kinetoplast remains largely unknown. In this study, the T. musculi maxicircle genome was completely assembled, with PacBio and Illumina sequencing, and the size was confirmed at 34 606 bp. It consisted of 2 distinct parts: the coding region and the divergent regions (DRs, DRI and II). In comparison with other trypanosome maxicircles (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and T. lewisi), the T. musculi maxicircle has a syntenic distribution of genes and shares 73.9, 78.0 and 92.7% sequence identity, respectively, over the whole coding region. Moreover, novel insertions in MURF2 (630 bp) and in ND5 (1278 bp) were found, respectively, which are homologous to minicircles. These findings support an evolutionary scenario similar to the one proposed for insertions in Trypanosoma cruzi, the pathogen of American trypanosomiasis. These novel insertions, together with a deletion (281 bp) in ND4, question the role of Complex I in T. musculi. A detailed analysis of DRII indicated that it contains numerous repeat motifs and palindromes, the latter of which are highly conservative and contain A5C elements. The comprehensively annotated kinetoplast maxicircle of T. musculi reveals a high degree of similarity between this parasite and the maxicircle of T. lewisi and suggests that the DRII could be a valuable marker for distinguishing these evolutionarily related species.
High overlap of zoonotic helminths between wild mammalian predators and rural dogs – an emerging One Health concern?
Authors: Tull Ants , Valdmann Harri , Tammeleht Egle , Kaasiku Triin , Rannap Riinu , Saarma Urmas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe concept of One Health emphasizes the interdependence of human, animal and environmental health and is of growing significance, in part owing to the problems related to emerging infectious diseases of wildlife origin. Wild mammalian predators are a potential risk factor for transmission of zoonotic pathogens to domesticated animals and humans. This is especially relevant in rural areas, where transmission of zoonotic pathogens can occur particularly efficiently when free-ranging dogs are present. The main aim of this study was to determine helminth infections among wild mammalian predators and evaluate the overlap between helminth faunas of wild mammals and dogs. Scat samples of predators were collected in coastal areas of Western Estonia and genetic methodology applied for the correct identification of predator species from their scat. Parasitic helminths of mammalian predators in the scat samples were analysed and compared with dog data from a previous study. High helminth prevalence (~90%) was found in dominant predator species in the area, namely the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackal (Canis aureus). Moreover, the helminth fauna of both wild species, including potentially zoonotic helminths, overlapped largely with that of rural dogs in the same area. The results, together with the ones from earlier parasitological studies among humans in Estonia, emphasize the potential risk of pathogen transmission from wild mammalian predators to dogs and from dogs to humans, making parasitic diseases of wildlife a One Health concern.
Transgenerational plasticity alters parasite fitness in changing environments
Authors: Sun Syuan-Jyun , Dziuba Marcin K. , Mclntire Kristina M. , Jaye Riley N. , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransgenerational plasticity can help organisms respond rapidly to changing environments. Most prior studies of transgenerational plasticity in host–parasite interactions have focused on the host, leaving us with a limited understanding of transgenerational plasticity of parasites. We tested whether exposure to elevated temperatures while spores are developing can modify the ability of those spores to infect new hosts, as well as the growth and virulence of the next generation of parasites in the new host. We exposed Daphnia dentifera to its naturally co-occurring fungal parasite Metschnikowia bicuspidata, rearing the parasite at cooler (20°C) or warmer (24°C) temperatures and then, factorially, using those spores to infect at 20 and 24°C. Infections by parasites reared at warmer past temperatures produced more mature spores, but only when the current infections were at cooler temperatures. Moreover, the percentage of mature spores was impacted by both rearing and current temperatures, and was highest for infections with spores reared in a warmer environment that infected hosts in a cooler environment. In contrast, virulence was influenced only by current temperatures. These results demonstrate transgenerational plasticity of parasites in response to temperature changes, with fitness impacts that are dependent on both past and current environments.
Prospective network analysis of proinflammatory proteins, lipid markers, and depression components in midlife community women
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundVulnerability theories propose that suboptimal levels of lipid markers and proinflammatory proteins predict future heightened depression. Scar models posit the reverse association. However, most studies that tested relationships between non-specific immune/endocrine markers and depression did not separate temporal inferences between people and within-person and how different immunometabolism markers related to unique depression symptoms. We thus used cross-lagged prospective network analyses (CLPN) to investigate this topic.MethodsCommunity midlife women (n = 2224) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and provided biomarker samples across five time-points spanning 9 years. CLPN identified significant relations (edges) among components (nodes) of depression (depressed mood, somatic symptoms, interpersonal issues), lipid markers [insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL)], and proinflammatory proteins [C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen], within and across time-points. All models adjusted for age, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and menopausal status.ResultsIn within-person temporal networks, higher CRP and HDL predicted all three depression components (d = 0.131–2.112). Increased LDL preceded higher depressed mood and interpersonal issues (v. somatic symptoms) (d = 0.251–0.327). Elevated triglycerides predicted more somatic symptoms (v. depressed mood and interpersonal problems) (d = 0.131). More interpersonal problems forecasted elevated fibrinogen and LDL levels (d = 0.129–0.331), and stronger somatic symptoms preceded higher fibrinogen levels (d = 0.188).ConclusionsResults supported both vulnerability and scar models. Long-term dysregulated immunometabolism systems, social disengagement, and related patterns are possible mechanistic accounts. Cognitive-behavioral therapies that optimize nutrition and physical activity may effectively target depression.
La théorie quantitative de la monnaie en conditions de sous-emploi Doctrine et applications de conjoncture économique
Authors: Dupriez Léon H. 
Published: August 2022

La présente étude a pour objet d'analyser la théorie quantitative de la monnaie sous un angle bien déterminé; elle tend à élargir le champ des réactions normales qui se situent au sein de l'identité MV = PQ, de manière à mieux couvrir la réalité complexe dans les diverses phases de la conjoncture économique.Plus précisément, l'intention est de montrer que la doctrine quantitative, dans la forme de l'équation des transactions proposée par Irving Fisher en 1911, est implicitement conçue, comme d'ailleurs la majeure partie du corps de doctrine de l'époque, en condition de plein emploi. I,es postulats et les préoccupations qui conduisent à une théorie ainsi formulée seront mis en évidence. Lorsque les limitations de l'acception traditionnelle seront démontrées, une tâche positive restera à accomplir : élargir le champ des relations nor-males entre les membres de l'équation, pour y inclure celles qui sont typiques de conditions de sous-emploi. Enfin, il n'est pas inutile de corroborer les conclusions théoriques par un examen de la réalité conjoncturelle.
Les finances privées
Authors: Roger Charles 
Published: August 2022

Les événements internationaux de fin juin 1950 ont marqué toute la vie économique de notre pays, en donnant à partir du mois de juillet, une orientation nouvelle aux tendances qui se manifes-taient jusque là tant dans les domaines monétaire et financier que commercial et industriel.Au début de l'année, les perspectives économiques s'avéraient incertaines, les exportations rencontraient des difficultés nombreuses en raison des prix élevés du charbon et des hauts salaires; la crainte de l'augmentation d'un chômage conjoncturel était vive. Le climat fut tout différent au cours du second semestre, par suite de l'amélioration de la conjoncture dont l'origine se situe dans le réarmement américain et ses répercussions internationales.
Les industries diverses en 1950
Authors: Pâquet Roger 
Published: August 2022

La consommation d'énergie électrique continue à augmenter; le rythme d'accroissement qui avait décru en 1949 a repris un nouvel essor. L'augmentation de l'énergie produite est principalement imputable aux centrales des producteurs-distributeurs, alors que l'activité des auto-producteurs est restée stationnaire ; pour ces derniers, les résultats défavorables de l'activité industrielle au cours du premier semestre ont compensé la reprise de fin d'année.Au point de vue production d'énergie, une augmentation est enregistrée dans les charbonnages, les industries des métaux non ferreux, du papier, des fabrications métalliques, les industries chimiques et alimentaires. Les carrières et les cimenteries maintiennent leur production alors qu'une diminution se manifeste dans la sidérurgie, les cokeries, les glaceries et les verreries.
La situation économique du Congo belge en 1950
Authors: Lefèbvre Jacques 
Published: August 2022

Les analyses de la situation économique du Congo belge publiées depuis 1945 indiquent que l'économie congolaise est en expansion depuis 1940.L'année 1950 marque une nouvelle étape de cette expansion. L'économie congolaise a été influencée dans le cours de cette année par deux ordres principaux de facteurs:—d'une part, les mouvements de prix des matières premières où la tendance à la baisse qui se manifestait en 1949 a fait place à une hausse caractérisée en 1950;—d'autre part, la mise en œuvre d'un plan d'investissements publics dans les secteurs de base. Il s'agit du Plan décennal pour le développement économique et social du Congo belge.
Termes d'échange et balance commerciale Le rôle des variations des prix et volumes d'échanges internationaux dans le déficit ou le boni commercial de la Belgique de 1949 à 1951
Authors: Woitrin Michel 
Published: August 2022

L'objet principal de ce travail est de déterminer dans quelle mesure cette évolution est due aux variations des prix extérieurs plutôt qu'aux variations des quantités échangées, en distinguant les périodes très diverses de ralentissement conjoncturel et ensuite de haute prospérité qui se sont succédées.A cette occasion on cherchera à préciser quels sont les facteurs réels ou monétaires, nationaux ou étrangers qui peuvent expliquer les variations des prix extérieurs ou des quantités d'importation et d'exportation. Ceci permettra de vérifier dans le concret certains enseignements de la théorie économique.
Les finances privées en 1951
Authors: Persoons François 
Published: August 2022

Le développement de la production industrielle et des transactions s'est opéré jusqu'en mars dans le cadre d'une hausse soutenue des matières premières et des prix de gros. Parallèlement s'accroissait le besoin de liquidités nécessaires au règlement des transactions et la tendance à recourir au crédit pour se les procurer. L,a politique monétaire devait assurer un contrôle sérieux de cette expansion du crédit. Celle-ci pouvait, en effet, accélérer la montée des prix et, par la suite, laisser l'économie en présence d'une abondance monétaire excessive qui eût empêché le retour des prix à un niveau raisonnable alors même que les facteurs de hausse disparaissaient.Notre réglementation bancaire et, notamment, les dispositions imposant le maintien de coefficients de couverture très élevés, limite sérieusement la faculté laissée aux banques de créer de la monnaie.