bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Two Fathers?
Authors: Stokes Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of the foreign child in the 1990 Law on Foreigners [Ausländergesetz] and the 1999 citizenship reform. The 1990 Law on Foreigners introduced a “return option” for the children of guest workers who had been forced by their parents to leave Germany but who could prove they were “integrated” into German society. This reform set a pattern of improving the rights of “foreign” children while doing less for their parents. The 1999 citizenship reform, for instance, allowed automatic German citizenship for a subset of children born in Germany but offered little additional access to naturalization for those who had not been born in Germany. Lawmakers imagined that, in choosing German citizenship, young adults were thereby choosing the state over the family, turning their parents into a denied link to a distant homeland.
Lies
Authors: Stallard Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the leadership transition in North Korea following the death of Kim Il Sung in 1994 to his son Kim Jong Il. It examines the role of the regime’s false claims about Kim Il Sung’s history as a guerrilla war hero and his actions during the Korean War to build popular support for the new leader, as well as the efforts to incorporate Kim Jong Il into that myth. This includes the fabricated story of Kim Jong Il’s purported birth at a secret guerrilla camp on Mount Paektu, the rewriting of the history to credit Kim Il Sung with liberating Korea from Japanese rule, and the creation of Kim Il Sung’s cult of personality. It also looks at how the ruling regime drew on this historical narrative in propaganda during the famine of the 1990s. This chapter covers the period 1994–2010.
Patriots
Authors: Stallard Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the Chinese Communist Party’s campaign against historical nihilism under Xi Jinping and attempts to appeal to patriotism and nationalism to shore up public support. It examines efforts to disseminate the regime narrative through patriotic education, popular media, red tourism sites, censorship, propaganda, and mass demonstrations. It includes the story of the Five Heroes of Langya Shan during World War II and the party’s attempts to protect the famous myth from scrutiny, and the decision to extend the length of the war with Japan from eight to fourteen years in 2017. It also explores the party’s efforts to equate support for its rule with patriotism, and vice versa, to characterize those who oppose the party’s rule as traitors. It covers the period 2011–2020.
Conclusion
Authors: Stallard Katie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the approaches the leaders of Russia, China, and North Korea have taken to World War II and the Korean War since 1945 and their efforts to draw on these historical narratives to shore up popular support and cement regime legitimacy. It examines Putin’s efforts to commemorate the Great Patriotic War on the eve of a vote to amend the Russian constitution in 2020 that cleared the way for him to remain in office, and the role the conflict plays in his continued claim to power. It also explores the decision to summon veterans for questioning by the Investigative Committee in 2020 as part of an investigation into alleged genocide by German soldiers during World War II, as well as Putin’s campaign against what he claims are efforts to rewrite the conflict’s history and undermine the memory of the Soviet victory in 1945.
Semi-State Actors in Cybersecurity
Authors: Egloff Florian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
What does the global telecommunications company Huawei, a hacking-for-hire outfit in India, and Russian cyber criminals have in common? They all share a special relationship to the state, which significantly shapes the politics of cyber(in-)security. The relationships between these actors and states are complex and constantly evolving, yet not well understood. Semi-State Actors in Cybersecurity provides an insightful theoretical and empirical analysis of the political challenges raised through the interaction between such semi-state actors and states. The book uses a historical analogy to pirates, privateers, and mercantile companies to uncover the political constitution and interaction of cybercrime, state-sponsored hackers, and large technology companies. Drawing on historical archival sources and innovative theory, it identifies the parallels between today’s cyber(in-)security and the historical quest for gold and glory on the high seas during the 16th–19th centuries. The book explains what the co-presence of semi-state actors means for national and international security and shows that the proximity to the state in these relationships is a key determinant of cyber(in-)security. Through so doing, it clarifies how semi-state actors were historically and contemporarily linked to understandings of statehood, sovereignty, and the legitimacy of the state. Semi-State Actors in Cybersecurity offers insights with regard to the political use of state proximity by attackers and defenders, state collaboration with cyber criminals, and the cooperative and conflictive relations of large technology companies to the state. This offers a fresh perspective for understanding the international politics of cyber(in-)security.
A Brief History of Cyberspace
Authors: Egloff Florian J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the history of cyber(in-)security to identify the structure of relations between the main actors of interest, highlighting the interaction between state security interests, global technology companies and internet providers, and users in the development of cyber(in)security. It traces how cyber(in-)security was shaped and perceived by these different actors. The chapter finds that corporations’ role in the provisioning of cybersecurity grew more important and complex over time. They have cooperative and conflictive interests with other actors, including states. Explaining the challenge of signals intelligence in a digital era, it traces how cyber(in-)security became a topic of interest for states, and how they sought strategies to expand their influence both overtly and covertly.
Demonic Bodies and the Dark Ecologies of Early Christian Culture
Authors: Proctor Travis W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drawing insights from gender studies and the environmental humanities, Demonic Bodies analyzes how ancient Christians constructed the Christian body through its relations to demonic adversaries. Case studies on New Testament texts, early Christian church fathers, and “Gnostic” writings trace how early followers of Jesus construed the demonic body in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways, as both embodied and bodiless, “fattened” and ethereal, heavenly and earthbound. Across this diversity of portrayals, however, demons consistently functioned as personifications of “deviant” bodily practices such as “magical” rituals, immoral sexual acts, gluttony, and “pagan” religious practices. This demonization served an exclusionary function whereby Christian writers marginalized fringe Christian groups by linking their ritual activities to demonic modes of (dis)embodiment. Demonic Bodies demonstrates, therefore, that the formation of early Christian cultures was part of the shaping of broader Christian “ecosystems,” which in turn informed Christian experiences of their own embodiment and community.
Introduction
Authors: Proctor Travis W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Introduction provides an exploration of key terms, questions, and concepts that inform the study. The chapter begins with the observation that early Christian writers exhibited widely divergent ideas regarding the nature of the demonic body. The next part of the chapter introduces the main argument of Demonic Bodies: that such Christian demonological discrepancies were informed at least in part by concomitant divergences concerning the makeup of the Christian (human) body. The historical connections between humans and nonhumans push us to consider how early Christian texts might constitute “prehuman” narratives—that is, instances in which premodern humans conceived of their relationship with nonhuman entities and environments in ways that trouble human/nonhuman boundaries. The Introduction introduces key terms that will help scrutinize this relationship, including posthumanism, trans-corporeality, ecology, and ritual. The chapter closes by outlining each of the five main chapters and conclusion.
Disabled Demons
Authors: Proctor Travis W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 traces how ancient ideas regarding the primordial “disablement” and misplacement of the demonic inform Jesus’s ritual “enablement” in the Gospel of Mark. The chapter first examines Mark’s portrayal of demons as impaired entities, which closely mirrors ancient Jewish traditions that identify demons as the residual souls of antediluvian giants. The second part of the chapter traces how the demons’ misplacement as foreign “spiritual” entities in a fleshly world contributes to Mark’s demarcation of relations between Jewish and non-Jewish members of the Jesus movement. The chapter concludes by exploring how Mark constructs the human body as prone to possession by external spirits, as evidenced in the exorcism narratives as well as Jesus’s claim to being possessed by the “holy spirit.” In antiquity, such porosity was characteristic of “weak” bodies. The Gospel of Mark, however, emphasizes Jesus’s masculine potency through his “binding” of the Devil through exorcism.
Abject Demons
Authors: Proctor Travis W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the intermixture of demonic and Christian bodies in the writings of Tertullian of Carthage. The chapter begins by exploring Tertullian’s construction of humanity’s dual flesh-and-spirit body in On the Soul, wherein he emphasizes the pervasive attachment of demonic spirits to the human soul. This demonic affliction stems from inadvertent participation in demonolatry via Roman “religious” rites, and can be removed only through Christian baptism. In this way, the demonic body functions within Tertullian’s writings as a kind of abject entity—one that is foreclosed as part of the ritualized construction of the Christian body and yet loiters as a threatening epitome of those elements unbecoming of Christian corporeality. The lingering threat of the abject demon surfaces mostly clearly in Tertullian’s On the Shows, a treatise that, through its citation of the threat of demons, undergirds Tertullian’s selective prescriptions regarding appropriate Christian embodiment.
Conclusion
Authors: Proctor Travis W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Conclusion completes the study by placing its findings in conversation with explorations in the humanities with regard to the “post-human” and “nonhuman.” The chapter notes that Christian descriptions of demonic corporeality reflect shifts and differences in early Christian anthropology insofar as they inversely correlate to articulations of the ideal human body. The early Christian body emerges, then, as a kind of “posthuman” (or, perhaps more appropriately, “prehuman”) entity, a being that is thoroughly enmeshed within its nonhuman cosmic environments—always evolving and materializing through the concomitant development of adjacent nonhuman entities, including demons. The chapter concludes by reflecting on how (ancient) history—the narratives humans tell themselves about themselves—has an enduring importance in informing how humans understand and interact with nonhuman others, and thus has much to contribute to contemporary ecological thought and practice.
Relationships 5.0
Authors: Kislev Elyakim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Relationships 5.0. In the context of relationships, the fifth era of human development refers to three revolutions. These include the cognitive revolution, or how humans will converse with artificial intelligence; the sensorial revolution, or how extended reality will augment what humans see, hear, and even smell; and the physical revolution, in which robots will be available for an increasing range of bodily acts, ranging from simple housekeeping tasks to hugging and even sexual intercourse. The chapter then discusses the attitudes and prejudices we hold toward Relationships 5.0. In most countries, and for most people, the possibility of human-AI relationships is unacceptable, even appalling. However, some people believe that technology can provide them some of the emotional, intellectual, and physical needs that until now have come from humans. The chapter then considers the concept of artificial emotions.
Conclusion
Authors: Isurin Ludmila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Conclusion opens with the author’s personal story of her encounter with a journalist from a Russian state-controlled outlet during the 2016 US presidential election. This story provides a transition to the main findings of the book which showed that the way media operate across national borders is rather similar, as they target the minds of their respective audiences and construct their stories and memories thereof according to similar principles. By concluding the book with the statement that media are never free of an ideological bias, it is recommended that more academic effort be undertaken to study the most fascinating and complex issues, such as that involving the interconnected nature of collective memory, media, and the mind.
Notes on Sources
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo 
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F.	“Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)
Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大‎秦‎景‎教‎流‎行‎中‎國‎碑‎)
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo 
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F.	“Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)
Introduction
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
What is intersubjectivity and why should we care about the history of this idea? After a brief explanation of the topic, the introduction will set out the major claims of this study. Taking issue with the common historiography, this part will briefly look back at Gilbert Ryle’s famous Concept of Mind that presents us with a discussion of Descartes’s cogito before developing what is now often referred to as “behaviorism.” The introduction argues that, rather than just drawing a caricature of Cartesianism, Ryle gains enormous argumentative mileage out of his “Cartesian Myth” for his own approach: claiming that Cartesian dualism entails individualism about the mind, he runs together two theses that should rather be kept separately. In decoupling mentalism and individualism, the introduction shows that minds can be and indeed were taken to interact and directly affect one another.
The Metaphysical Model
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents Spinoza’s concept of the mind as grounded in contrary conative interaction. Since Spinoza thinks that the identity of individuals lies in their striving for self-preservation (conatus), his position is often interpreted as a version of individualism. However, given that Spinoza takes individuals to be determined by their convergence in striving, any number of entities striving in the same way can be called an individual. Thus, metaphysically speaking, whole communities can be seen as individuals. But what is the crucial principle according to which minds are related to one another? Building on what it means for an idea to have a conatus, the chapter shows that it is the notion of contrariety that is crucial for understanding his metaphysics of the mind.
The Linguistic Model
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents Locke’s theory of ideational and linguistic intentionality as based on the acceptance of the speech community. While Locke’s view is commonly taken to be individualistic, it is often overlooked that his position is clearly embedded in an anthropological view that deems humans as inherently social animals. It will be shown that his crucial step lies in uniting two traditions that have mostly been kept apart: Aristotelian semantics, on the one hand, and the anthropology underlying the political thought in authors such as Pufendorf, on the other hand. Mediated by language, the content of human thought is determined by tacit consent. What makes the expressions of ideas correct or incorrect is determined by whether they are accepted by other members of the linguistic community. In contrast to numerous interpretations, it is thus argued that the decisive factor in the determination of ideas turns out to be intersubjective.
Conclusion
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
What are the crucial alterations in the common picture of early modern philosophy of mind that this study leaves us with? Even if early modern authors often seem to consider mental states as arising independently of the social environment, the explanatory focus is intersubjective: For Spinoza, Locke, and Hume mental states of individuals have to be explained in relation to other minds. After a brief summary, the conclusion contextualizes the metaphysical, linguistic and medical models by showing highlighting their early modern opponents and some current philosophical debates in which these models survive. In a further step, this chapter provides a brief survey of potential receptions of the models in Anne Conway, Condillac, Dugald Stewart, and Immanuel Kant.
Good Jew, Bad Jew
Authors: Hughes Aaron W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how “Jew” and “Judaism” functioned as one such category into which social and religious others could be placed. Yet, in order for Jews, whether real or imagined, to be understood, they continued to be mediated through the narrative provided by the qurʾānic text. This created a situation wherein real Jews were encountered in specific places and times, but the only way that they could be processed was through the categories that imagined them as crafty and deceitful, two adjectives that had been ascribed to them in the Qurʾān, and which continued to exist in later literature.
Total War and Transmedia Consumer Culture
Authors: Fujiki Hideaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the 1930s, “the national populace” (“kokumin”) was redefined and gained precedence over and gradually replaced the “the people” as the paradigmatic social subject of the period. This chapter clarifies how the meaning of “the national populace” was restructured through the incorporation of characteristics of “the people” and “the masses.” It also describes how the development of mechanical reproduction technology from the mid-1920s changed the understanding of cinema from that of a site-specific “popular entertainment” to that of a medium closely associated with other reproducible media like print, radio, and records, thereby creating a new media ecology that can be best described as a transmedial consumer culture. Based on these analyses, the chapter argues that the total war political regime and its related discourses attempted to take advantage of the new consumer culture to construct an ideal national subject that could be set to their purposes. The chapter also reveals that while “the national populace” was idealized as a set of homogenous and equal actors, this very term functioned to simultaneously encompass and conceal conflicts and contradictions concerning social class, region, gender, and numerous other social factors.
Understanding the Data-opolies’ Anticompetitive Playbook
Authors: Stucke Maurice E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes how data-opolies become so powerful and how they leverage their dominance into other markets. It reexamines certain beliefs that the powerful platforms take advantage of preexisting market forces, such as network effects, passively. The chapter reveals how the powerful platforms do not use network effects passively, but instead use them offensively to wipe out potential threats. It explains how they use their nowcasting radar to identify nascent competitive threats, which they then acquire, copy or kill. It also explores how the data-opolies follow a similar pattern of colonizing the next generation of ecosystems where we might eventually migrate, using a Venus Flytrap Strategy.
Responding to Potential Criticisms to a Ban on Surveillance Capitalism
Authors: Stucke Maurice E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses several potential risks and criticisms in banning behavioral advertising and the surveillance apparatus. It cites the 2021 privacy measures, such as Apple offering the option to avoid third-party tracking and Google experimenting with replacing individual tracking with its FLoC option of placing users in groups. It then examines the toll from the surveillance economy, including the harm to our privacy, the costs of behavioral discrimination, the costs of “brain hacking” and exploiting the brain’s attraction to divisiveness, the social costs from “echo chambers” and “filter bubbles,” and the costs to our democracy. Once these costs are considered against the marginal benefit, if any, from behavioral advertising, the chapter concludes that behavioral advertising should be banned, and that the law should allow us to avoid being profiled, to not have our personal data amalgamated, to opt out of personalized services and to decide, without penalty, the right to limit at the onset what data is collected about us and for what purpose.