bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility was a significant determinant of reported COVID-19 incidence during the Omicron Surge in the most populous U.S. Counties
Authors: Harris Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Significant immune escape by the Omicron variant, along with the emergence of widespread worry fatigue, have called into question the robustness of the previously observed relation between population mobility and COVID-19 incidence.

Methods
We employed principal component analysis to construct a one-dimensional summary indicator of six Google mobility categories. We related this mobility indicator to case incidence among 111 of the most populous U.S. counties during the Omicron surge from December 2021 through February 2022.

Results
Reported COVID-19 incidence peaked earlier and declined more rapidly among those counties exhibiting more extensive decline in mobility between December 20 and January 3. Based upon a fixed-effects, longitudinal cohort model, we estimated that every 1% decline in mobility between December 20 and January 3 was associated with a 0.63% decline in peak incidence during the week ending January 17 (95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.86%). Based upon a cross-sectional analysis including mean household size and vaccination participation as covariates, we estimated that the same 1% decline in mobility was associated with a 0.36% decline in cumulative reported COVID-19 incidence from January 10 through February 28 (95% CI, 0.18–0.54%).

Conclusion
Omicron did not simply sweep through the U.S. population until it ran out of susceptible individuals to infect. To the contrary, a significant fraction managed to avoid infection by engaging in risk-mitigating behaviors. More broadly, the behavioral response to perceived risk should be viewed as an intrinsic component of the natural course of epidemics in humans.
Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram as a quantitative biomarker to preoperatively differentiate stage IA endometrial carcinoma from benign endometrial lesions
Authors: Zhang Jieying , Yu Xiaoduo , Zhang Xiaomiao , Chen Shuang , Song Yan , Xie Lizhi , Chen Yan , Ouyang Han 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the value of whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in differentiating stage IA endometrial carcinoma (EC) from benign endometrial lesions (BELs) and characterizing histopathologic features of stage IA EC preoperatively.

Methods
One hundred and six BEL and 126 stage IA EC patients were retrospectively enrolled. Eighteen volumetric histogram parameters were extracted from the ADC map of each lesion. The Mann–Whitney U or Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Models based on clinical parameters and histogram features were established using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and calibration curves were used to assess the models.

Results
Stage IA EC showed lower ADC10th, ADC90th, ADCmin, ADCmax, ADCmean, ADCmedian, interquartile range, mean absolute deviation, robust mean absolute deviation (rMAD), root mean squared, energy, total energy, entropy, variance, and higher skewness, kurtosis and uniformity than BELs (all p < 0.05). ADCmedian yielded the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.928 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.895–0.960; cut-off value = 1.161 × 10−3 mm2/s) for differentiating stage IA EC from BELs. Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that ADC-score (ADC10th + skewness + rMAD + total energy) was the only significant independent predictor (OR = 2.641, 95% CI 2.045–3.411; p < 0.001) for stage IA EC when considering clinical parameters. This ADC histogram model (ADC-score) achieved an AUC of 0.941 and a bias-corrected AUC of 0.937 after bootstrap resampling. The model performed well for both premenopausal (accuracy = 0.871) and postmenopausal (accuracy = 0.905) patients. Besides, ADCmin and ADC10th were significantly lower in Grade 3 than in Grade 1/2 stage IA EC (p = 0.022 and 0.047). At the same time, no correlation was found between ADC histogram parameters and the expression of Ki-67 in stage IA EC (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis could serve as an imaging biomarker for differentiating stage IA EC from BELs and assisting in tumor grading of stage IA EC, thus facilitating personalized clinical management for premenopausal and postmenopausal patients.
CCM signaling complex (CSC) couples both classic and non-classic Progesterone receptor signaling
Authors: Abou-Fadel Johnathan , Jiang Xiaoting , Grajeda Brian , Padarti Akhil , Ellis Cameron C. , Flores Esmeralda , Cailing-De La O Alyssa-Marie D. , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer, the most diagnosed cancer, remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and excessive Progesterone (PRG) or Mifepristone (MIF) exposure may be at an increased risk for developing breast cancer. PRG exerts its cellular responses through signaling cascades involving classic, non-classic, or combined responses by binding to either classic nuclear PRG receptors (nPRs) or non-classic membrane PRG receptors (mPRs). Currently, the intricate balance and switch mechanisms between these two signaling cascades remain elusive. Three genes, CCM1-3, form the CCM signaling complex (CSC) which mediates multiple signaling cascades.

Methods
Utilizing molecular, cellular, Omics, and systems biology approaches, we analyzed the relationship among the CSC, PRG, and nPRs/mPRs during breast cancer tumorigenesis.

Results
We discovered that the CSC plays an essential role in coupling both classic and non-classic PRG signaling pathways by mediating crosstalk between them, forming the CmPn (CSC-mPRs-PRG-nPRs) signaling network. We found that mPR-specific PRG actions (PRG + MIF) play an essential role in this CmPn network during breast cancer tumorigenesis. Additionally, we have identified 4 categories of candidate biomarkers (9 intrinsic, 2 PRG-inducible, 1 PRG-repressive, 1 mPR-specific PRG-repressive, and 2 mPR-responsive) for Luminal-A breast cancers during tumorigenesis and have confirmed the prognostic application of RPL13 and RPL38 as intrinsic biomarkers using a dual validation method.

Conclusions
We have discovered that the CSC plays an essential role in the CmPn signaling network for Luminal-A breast cancers with identification of two intrinsic biomarkers.
Analysis of the anaerobic digestion metagenome under environmental stresses stimulating prophage induction
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Morlino Maria Silvia , Gaspari Maria , Basile Arianna , Kougias Panagiotis , Treu Laura , Campanaro Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The viral community has the potential to influence the structure of the microbiome and thus the yield of the anaerobic digestion process. However, the virome composition in anaerobic digestion is still under-investigated. A viral induction experiment was conducted on separate batches undergoing a series of DNA-damaging stresses, in order to coerce temperate viruses to enter the lytic cycle.

Results
The sequencing of the metagenome revealed a viral community almost entirely composed of tailed bacteriophages of the order Caudovirales. Following a binning procedure 1,092 viral and 120 prokaryotic genomes were reconstructed, 64 of which included an integrated prophage in their sequence.
Clustering of coverage profiles revealed the presence of species, both viral and microbial, sharing similar reactions to shocks. A group of viral genomes, which increase under organic overload and decrease under basic pH, uniquely encode the yopX gene, which is involved in the induction of temperate prophages. Moreover, the in-silico functional analysis revealed an enrichment of sialidases in viral genomes. These genes are associated with tail proteins and, as such, are hypothesised to be involved in the interaction with the host. Archaea registered the most pronounced changes in relation to shocks and featured behaviours not shared with other species. Subsequently, data from 123 different samples of the global anaerobic digestion database was used to determine coverage profiles of host and viral genomes on a broader scale.

Conclusions
Viruses are key components in anaerobic digestion environments, shaping the microbial guilds which drive the methanogenesis process. In turn, environmental conditions are pivotal in shaping the viral community and the rate of induction of temperate viruses. This study provides an initial insight into the complexity of the anaerobic digestion virome and its relation with the microbial community and the diverse environmental parameters.
Early-warning prediction of student performance and engagement in open book assessment by reading behavior analysis
Authors: Flanagan Brendan , Majumdar Rwitajit , Ogata Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigitized learning materials are a core part of modern education, and analysis of the use can offer insight into the learning behavior of high and low performing students. The topic of predicting student characteristics has gained a lot of attention in recent years, with applications ranging from affect to performance and at-risk student prediction. In this paper, we examine students reading behavior using a digital textbook system while taking an open-book test from the perspective of engagement and performance to identify the strategies that are used. We create models to predict the performance and engagement of learners before the start of the assessment and extract reading behavior characteristics employed before and after the start of the assessment in a higher education setting. It was found that strategies, such as: revising and previewing are indicators of how a learner will perform in an open ebook assessment. Low performing students take advantage of the open ebook policy of the assessment and employ a strategy of searching for information during the assessment. Also compared to performance, the prediction of overall engagement has a higher accuracy, and therefore could be more appropriate for identifying intervention candidates as an early-warning intervention system.
Radiologic-pathologic correlation in breast cancer: do MRI biomarkers correlate with pathologic features and molecular subtypes?
Authors: Galati Francesca , Rizzo Veronica , Moffa Giuliana , Caramanico Claudia , Kripa Endi , Cerbelli Bruna , D’Amati Giulia , Pediconi Federica 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) includes different pathological and molecular subtypes. This study aimed to investigate whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) could reliably predict the molecular status of BC, comparing mpMRI features with pathological and immunohistochemical results.

Methods
This retrospective study included 156 patients with an ultrasound-guided biopsy-proven BC, who underwent breast mpMRI (including diffusion-weighted imaging) on a 3-T scanner from 2017 to 2020. Histopathological analyses were performed on the surgical specimens. Kolmogorov–Smirnov Z, χ2, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Fifteen patients were affected with ductal carcinoma in situ, 122 by invasive carcinoma of no special type, and 19 with invasive lobular carcinoma. Out of a total of 141 invasive cancers, 45 were luminal A-like, 54 luminal B-like, 5 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive, and 37 triple negative. The regression analyses showed that size < 2 cm predicted luminal A-like status (p = 0.025), while rim enhancement (p < 0.001), intralesional necrosis (p = 0.001), peritumoural oedema (p < 0.001), and axillary adenopathies (p = 0.012) were negative predictors. Oppositely, round shape (p = 0.001), rim enhancement (p < 0.001), intralesional necrosis (p < 0.001), and peritumoural oedema (p < 0.001) predicted triple-negative status.

Conclusions
mpMRI has been confirmed to be a valid noninvasive predictor of BC subtypes, especially luminal A and triple negative. Considering the central role of pathology in BC diagnosis and immunohistochemical profiling in the current precision medicine era, a detailed radiologic-pathologic correlation seems vital to properly evaluate BC.
The association between posterior brain cerebral circulation calcification and coronary arteries calcification and its stroke risk in a Saudi population: a retrospective study
Authors: Alqarni Ali M. , Alsaadi Mohammed J. , Fatani Mohammed , Alahmari Dhafer M. , Azeem Fayka K. Abdel , Almalki Mansour J. , Alqarni Abdullah , Abounassif Mazen Mohammed , Alfuraih Abdulrahman M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Anterior cerebral circulation calcification and stroke occurrence association is well established in the literature. Posterior cerebral circulation calcification associated with coronary calcification and stroke incidence has not been properly investigated in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the clinical relationship between posterior cerebral circulation calcification and coronary artery calcifications and to describe the association between risk factors and stroke occurrence based on computed tomography imaging.

Results
A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 64.9 ± 12.4. Of the patients, 69.3 were male. Most of the patients were Saudi (72.3%), 28.6% were smokers, 36.4% were overweight, and 22.1% were obese. Exactly 61.4% had mild coronary artery calcification, 26.7% had moderate calcification, and 11.9% had severe calcification. 34.7% had an anterior stroke, and 23.8% had a posterior stroke. Posterior cerebral circulation calcification was more evident in patients with coronary artery calcification, and it increased with the severity level (p = 0.001). Posterior cerebral circulation calcification was significantly associated with stroke (67.4%, p =  < 0.001).

Conclusion
Coronary artery calcification is significantly associated with posterior cerebral circulation calcification. Furthermore, stroke incidence increased with the presence of posterior cerebral circulation calcification.
Female sexual dysfunction: what the practice nurse needs to know
Authors: Gregory Angela 
Published: August 2022

For many women, practice nurses are the first point of contact for sexual or reproductive health concerns. Angela Gregory provides are overview of the basics of female sexual dysfunction The World Health Organization regards ‘sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing as essential if people are to have responsible, safe and satisfying sexual lives and that sexual health requires a positive approach to human sexuality’. General practice nurses are ideally placed to educate and address sexual concerns. Practice nurses are not expected to be experts in this field or to carry out specialist assessment, examination and treatment, but there are opportunities to initiate discussion, identify potential sexual issues, provide simple advice and treatment, signpost to online resources and refer to medical colleagues or specialist services. Two common sexual complaints – sexual desire/interest concerns and sexual/genital pain – are discussed with an emphasis on the importance of recognising and treating the silent symptoms of the menopause and pelvic floor dysfunction due to their significant impact on female sexual function.
Dietitians: roles in the community and contribution to patient care
Authors: Gasche Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

Dietitians are increasingly working in community roles. Rebecca Gasche explores the ways in which they can contribute to patient care. This article focuses on the main areas in which dietitians can impact patient care, particularly within a community setting, as well as discussing the contribution from dietitians in extended roles and working at advanced practice. A range of research papers and national guidance on dietetic practice are discussed to develop a summative article on the scope of their practice. This article aims to provide insight into the work of dietitians in the community – strengthening the understanding of the roles and to demonstrate how dietetic practice can influence patient care as part of a community multidisciplinary team.
Patient experiences of scaphoid waist fractures and their treatment
Authors: Leighton Paul A. , Brealey Stephen D. , Dias Joseph J. 
Published: August 2022

Aims To explore individuals’ experience of a scaphoid waist fracture and its subsequent treatment. Methods A purposive sample was created, consisting of 49 participants in the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial of initial surgery compared with plaster cast treatment for fractures of the scaphoid waist. The majority of participants were male (35/49) and more younger participants (28/49 aged under 30 years) were included. Participants were interviewed six weeks or 52 weeks post-recruitment to the trial, or at both timepoints. Interviews were semistructured and analyzed inductively to generate cross-cutting themes that typify experience of the injury and views upon the treatment options. Results Data show that individual circumstances might exaggerate or mitigate the limitations associated with a scaphoid fracture, and that an individual’s sense of recovery is subjective and more closely aligned with perceived functional abilities than it is with bone union. Misconceptions that surgery promises a speedier and more secure form of recovery means that some individuals, whose circumstances prescribe a need for quick return to function, express a preference for this treatment modality. Clinical consultations need to negotiate the imperfect relationship between bone union, normal function, and an individual’s sense of recovery. Enhancing patients’ perceptions of regaining function, with removable splints and encouraging home exercise, will support satisfaction with care and discourage premature risk-taking. Conclusion Clinical decision-making in the management of scaphoid fractures should recognize that personal circumstances will influence how functional limitations are experienced. It should also recognize that function overrides a concern for bone union, and that the consequences of fractures are poorly understood. Where possible, clinicians should reinforce in individuals a sense that they are making progress in their recovery. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(8):641–647.
Inside Trees: Summer Camp and Remote Learning for Increasing Awareness and Enrollment in Bio-Based Materials Degree Programs
Authors: Cerv Sara A. , Zink-Sharp Audrey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The bio-based materials industry, which includes bio-based fuels, materials, and chemicals, is expanding and providing new career opportunities that are not well known by today's entering college students. In addition, the related undergraduate degree programs are neither gender nor ethnically representative of current U.S. demographics. A program model framework called Inside Trees was developed and tested in this project for an in-person summer camp and remote learning modules to help raise awareness and form a pipeline between high school students and future enrollment in higher-educational degree programs. To gain a better understanding of logistics, a prototype summer camp was delivered to 12 students, 10 of whom were women, 3 were first-generation college students, 1 was African American, and 1 was Hispanic/Latino. Three students who attended the Inside Trees summer camp enrolled at Virginia Tech University the following year. Content and activities from the summer camp were later converted into digital learning modules that could be used with a summer camp or as separate teaching/learning units. Review of supporting literature and informal student feedback indicates that a summer camp program that includes experiential learning, a positive experience in nature, support through the higher-educational academic program, multiple disciplines, and career opportunities shows good potential to be an effective pipeline to increase diversity in the bio-based industry. It is suggested that the Inside Trees model curriculum and framework could be adapted by other universities or organizations for achievement of institution-specific goals toward improved awareness and enrollment of underrepresented students.
Stakeholders’ views and perspectives on treatments of visceral leishmaniasis and their outcomes in HIV-coinfected patients in East Africa and South-East Asia: A mixed methods study
Authors: Khabsa Joanne , Jain Saurabh , El-Harakeh Amena , Rizkallah Cynthia , Pandey Dhruv K. , Manaye Nigus , Honein-AbouHaidar Gladys , Halleux Christine , Dagne Daniel Argaw , Akl Elie A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
In visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), combination therapy (liposomal amphotericin B infusion and oral miltefosine) is being considered as an alternative to liposomal amphotericin B monotherapy. We aimed to assess the views of stakeholders in relation to these treatment options.

Methodology
In a mixed methods study, we surveyed and interviewed patients, government functionaries, programme managers, health service providers, nongovernmental organizations, researchers, and World Health Organization (WHO) personnel. We used the Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework for data collection planning and analysis. Constructs of interest included valuation of outcomes, impact on equity, feasibility and acceptability of the treatment options, implementation considerations, monitoring and evaluation, and research priorities.

Principal findings/Conclusion
Mortality and non-serious adverse events were rated as “critical” by respectively the highest (61%) and lowest percentages (47%) of survey participants. Participants viewed clinical cure as essential for patients to regain productivity. Non-patient stakeholders emphasized the importance of “sustained” clinical cure. For most survey participants, combination therapy, compared with monotherapy, would increase health equity (40%), and be more acceptable (79%) and feasible (57%). Interviews revealed that combination therapy was more feasible and acceptable than monotherapy when associated with a shorter duration of hospitalization. The findings of the interviews provided insight into those of the survey. When choosing between alternative options, providers should consider the outcomes that matter to patients as well as the impact on equity, feasibility, and acceptability of the options.