bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying classification and regression tree analysis to identify risks of developing sarcopenia in the older population
Authors: Nguyen Nga Thi Thuy , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Hu Huey Lan , Lin Kuan Chia , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Huang Hui Chuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveVariations in the risk factors for sarcopenia can lead to differences in the likelihood of developing sarcopenia among older adults; however, few studies have explored the interactions among the risk factors. This study examined the interactions among risk factors and identified a discriminative pathway for groups at risk of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between July and August 2019 to recruit 200 older adults from an outpatient department of a hospital providing care for older people. Data on various risk factors, namely demographics (age, gender, education, comorbidities, and body mass index [BMI]), dietary habits (weekly consumption of milk, coffee, and meat), lifestyle behaviours (vitamin D supplementation, smoking, drinking, and physical activity), and depression symptoms were collected. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. A classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to examine interactions among these factors and identify groups at risk of sarcopenia.FindingsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 38.5%. The CART model identified two end groups at differential risks of sarcopenia, with a minimum of one and a maximum of three risk factors. In the first group, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) was a predominant risk factor for sarcopenia among older people. In the second group, older adults with a normal BMI, aged ≥68 years, and without a regular walking habit had a higher probability of developing sarcopenia than did their counterparts.ConclusionsThe interactive effects among older age, BMI, and walking may cause different probabilities of developing sarcopenia in the older population.Implications for practiceOlder adults with a low or normal BMI but without a regular walking habit could be a predominant risk group for sarcopenia. The appropriate maintenance of body weight and regular walking activity is suggested to prevent sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults.
Association between axial length elongation and spherical equivalent progression in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Liu Shang , He Xiangui , Wang Jingjing , Du Linlin , Xie Hui , Yang Jinliuxing , Liu Kun , Zou Haidong , Xu Xun , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is generally believed that a 1‐mm axial length (AL) elongation of the eye corresponds to a −3.00 D spherical equivalent (SE) progression, but this is disputed.PurposeTo investigate the association between AL elongation and SE progression among children and adolescents.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 710 children and adolescents aged 6–16 years was included. Ophthalmic examinations, including cycloplegic SE, AL and corneal curvature, were performed at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. The ratio of SE change (ΔSE) to AL change (ΔAL) (ΔSE/ΔAL) was calculated, and its association with age and refractive status was explored using a general linear model.ResultsAmong all participants, 396 (55.77%) were male, with 265 (37.32%) myopes at baseline. The average 1‐year ΔSE and ΔAL were 0.61 ± 0.40 D and 0.33 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. Both ΔSE and ΔAL gradually decreased with age (p < 0.001). In the general linear model analyses, age and refractive status were independently associated with ΔSE/ΔAL after adjustment for covariates (age: = 0.04, p < 0.05; myopia vs nonmyopia: = 0.28, p < 0.05). Based on the developed formula ΔSE/ΔAL = 1.74 + 0.05*age (for myopes), mean ΔSE/ΔAL in myopes increased from 2.06 D/mm in the 6‐year‐olds to 2.59 D/mm in the 16‐year‐olds. In nonmyopes, ΔSE/ΔAL = 1.33 + 0.05*age, and the ratio increased from 1.65 D/mm in the 6‐year‐olds to 2.18 D/mm in the 16‐year‐olds.ConclusionsThe ratio of ΔSE/ΔAL varied with age and refractive status in children and adolescents. The age‐specific ΔSE/ΔAL could be used to estimate SE progression through the actual AL change.
Long‐term outcome of adenosine‐induced atrial fibrillation after atrial fibrillation ablation: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ishimura Masayuki , Yamamoto Masashi , Himi Toshiharu , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonpulmonary vein (non‐PV) foci, in addition to pulmonary vein (PV), are considered important in initiating atrial fibrillation (AF).ObjectiveThis study investigates the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a method for inducing non‐PV ectopy.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 1388 patients with AF (728 with paroxysmal AF, 650 with nonparoxysmal AF) who underwent catheter ablation. To confirm dormant PV conductions and non‐PV foci, 20 or 40 mg ATP was administered intravenously at the end of the procedure.ResultsThe ATP test induced AF in 36 of 1388 (2.6%) patients, in whom two (6%) had ectopy arising from the both atria, 15 (42%) from the right atrium (RA), and five (14%) from left atrium (LA). Because of a lack of reproducibility, the accurate location of non‐PV foci was unidentified in the remaining 11 (31%) patients. Additional radiofrequency ablation to non‐PV foci induced ATP administration was not performed in 34 patients. Among all 1388 patients, 64 were assigned to the ATP‐AF(+) and ATP‐AF(–) groups using a propensity score matching analysis (32 patients in each group). During the follow‐up period, recurrent AF was observed in 9 of 32 (28%) patients in the ATP‐AF(+) group and in 10 of 32 (31%) patients in the ATP‐AF(–) group (log‐rank p = .84, hazard ratio 0.91 [95% confidence interval 0.36–2.27]). In the univariate analysis, AF induction by ATP test was not predictive of AF recurrence (p = .78).ConclusionATP‐induced AF was not associated with AF recurrence in the distant period.
It Takes a Village: Childcare and Women's Paid Employment in India
Authors: Gautham Leila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhy is maternal employment higher in rural than in urban India? Among the relevant supply‐side factors, previous research has emphasized that rural work is more compatible with childcare. Results from the Indian Time Use Survey of 2019 show that hours of active maternal childcare are only slightly lower in rural areas, but the temporal and spatial flexibility of paid employment is much greater, making it easier for mothers to accommodate childcare responsibilities. In particular, rural women's work affords them greater access to flexible hours and the ability to work in close proximity to the home. Consequently, the negative effects of motherhood on employment are significantly greater for urban women than for rural women. This finding cannot be explained by rural–urban differences in household structure or resource constraints. These results redirect attention from average levels of time use towards a more nuanced analysis of sequence, timing, and opportunities for joint production or multitasking.
Determining the level of cervical radiculopathy: Agreement between visual inspection of pain drawings and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Marco Barbero , Evans David , Symonds Natasia , Peolsson Anneli , Coppieters Michel W. , Jull Gwendolen , Löfgren Håkan , Zsigmond Peter , Falla Deborah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPain drawings are commonly used in the clinical assessment of people with cervical radiculopathy. This study aimed to assess (1) the agreement of clinical interpretation of pain drawings and MRI findings in identifying the affected level of cervical radiculopathy, (2) the agreement of these predictions based on the pain drawing among four clinicians from two different professions (i.e., physiotherapy and surgery) and (3) the topographical pain distribution of people presenting with cervical radiculopathy (C4–C7).MethodsNinety‐eight pain drawings were obtained from a baseline assessment of participants in a randomized clinical trial, in which single‐level cervical radiculopathy was determined using MRI. Four experienced clinicians independently rated each pain drawing, attributing the pain distribution to a single nerve root (C4–C7). A post hoc analysis was performed to assess agreement.Outcome measuresPercentage agreement and kappa values were used to assess the level of agreement. Topographic pain frequency maps were created for each cervical radiculopathy level as determined by MRI.ResultsThe radiculopathy level determined from the pain drawings showed poor overall agreement with MRI (mean = 35.7%, K = −0.007 to 0.139). The inter‐clinician agreement ranged from fair to moderate (K = 0.212–0.446). Topographic frequency maps revealed that pain distributions were widespread and overlapped markedly between patients presenting with different levels cervical radiculopathy.ConclusionThis study revealed a lack of agreement between the segmental level affected determined from the patient's pain drawing and the affected level as identified on MRI. The large overlap of pain and non‐dermatomal distribution of pain reported by patients likely contributed to this result.
Gypsum endemics accumulate excess nutrients in leaves as a potential constitutive strategy to grow in grazed extreme soils
Authors: Cera Andreu , Montserrat‐Martí Gabriel , Drenovsky Rebecca E. , Ourry Alain , Brunel‐Muguet Sophie , Palacio Sara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtreme soils often have mineral nutrient imbalances compared to plant nutritional requirements and co‐occur in open areas where grazers thrive. Thus, plants must respond to both constraints, which can affect nutrient concentrations in all plant organs. Gypsum soil provides an excellent model system to study adaptations to extreme soils under current grazing practices as it harbours two groups of plant species that differ in their tolerance to gypsum soils and foliar composition. However, nutrient concentrations in organs other than leaves, and their individual responses to simulated herbivory, are still unknown in gypsum plants. We studied plant biomass, root mass ratio and nutrient partitioning among different organs (leaves, stems, coarse roots, fine roots) in five gypsum endemics and five generalists cultivated in gypsum and calcareous soils and subjected to different levels of simulated browsing. Gypsum endemics tended to have higher elemental concentration in leaves, stems and coarse roots than generalist species in both soil types, whereas both groups tended to show similar high concentrations in fine roots. This behaviour was especially clear with sulphur (S), which is found in excess in gypsum soils, and which endemics accumulated in leaves as sulphate (>50% of S). Moreover, plants subjected to clipping, regardless of their affinity to gypsum, were unable to compensate for biomass losses and showed similar elemental composition to unclipped plants. The accumulation of excess mineral nutrients by endemic species in aboveground organs may be a constitutive nutritional strategy in extreme soils and is potentially playing an anti‐herbivore role in grazed gypsum outcrops.
Association between suicide attempt and previous healthcare utilization among homeless youth
Authors: Sakai‐Bizmark Rie , Kumamaru Hiraku , Estevez Dennys , Bedel Lauren E. M. , Marr Emily H. , Mena Laurie A. , Kaplan Mark S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between prior emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization and subsequent suicide attempt among homeless youth aged 10–17 years old.MethodsWith New York statewide databases, a case–control design was conducted. Cases and controls were homeless patients with an ED visit or hospitalization due to suicide attempt (cases) or appendicitis (controls) between April and December. We examined ED and inpatient records for 90 days prior to the visit for suicide attempt or appendicitis. The primary exposure variable was prior healthcare utilization for any reason other than the following four reasons: mental health disorder, substance use, self‐harm, and other injuries. Multivariable logistic regression models, with year fixed effect and hospital random effect, were used.ResultsA total of 335 cases and 742 controls were identified. Cases had lower odds of prior healthcare utilization for any reason other than the four reasons listed above. (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 0.53, p‐value = 0.03).ConclusionsThe association between prior healthcare utilization and decreased risk of suicide attempt among homeless youth may be due to comprehensive care provided during healthcare utilization. It may also reflect the presence of a social network that provided a protective effect.
A deep learning method for creating globally applicable population estimates from sentinel data
Authors: Fibæk Casper Samsø , Keßler Carsten , Arsanjani Jamal Jokar , Trillo Marcia Luz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent research has shown promising results for estimating structural area, volume, and population from Sentinel 1 and 2 data at a 10 by 10‐m spatial resolution. These studies were, however, conducted in homogeneous countries in Northern Europe. This study presents a deep learning methodology for population estimation in areas geographically distinct from Northern Europe. The two case study areas are Ghana and Egypt's Mediterranean coast, with supplementary ground truth data collected from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Palestine, and Israel. This study aims to answer the question: How can we use Deep Learning to map structural area and type to derive population estimates for Ghana and Egypt based on Sentinel data? At 10 by 10‐m resolution, the accuracy of the presented area predictions is similar to the Google Open Buildings dataset. An intercomparison of the presented population predictions is made with global state‐of‐the‐art spatial population estimates, and the results are promising, with the proposed methodology showing comparable or better results than the state‐of‐the‐art for the study areas.
Safety and value of pretransplant antibiotic allergy delabeling in a quaternary transplant center
Authors: Gorsline Chelsea A. , Afghan Abaseen K. , Stone Cosby A. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Satyanarayana Gowri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported antibiotic allergies, also known as antibiotic allergy labels, are common and may lead to worse patient outcomes. Within immunocompromized patients, antibiotic allergy labels can lead to inappropriate use of antimicrobials and may limit options for prophylactic and therapeutic options in the posttransplant period. While antibiotic allergy delabeling is considered an important aspect of antibiotic stewardship protocols, evidence and awareness of its application in transplant recipients is limited.MethodsWe describe our experience with an antibiotic allergy delabeling intervention in the pretransplant evaluation period and its impact on posttransplant antimicrobial utilization. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with an antibiotic allergy label who underwent evaluation for solid organ or stem cell transplantation between 2015 and 2020. Patients included in this analysis were those who completed pretransplant antibiotic allergy delabeling through our Drug Allergy Clinic and were retained in care for 6 months after transplant.ResultsTwenty‐six of 27 patients underwent pretransplant antibiotic allergy delabeling and safely received the delabeled antibiotic posttransplant. There were no reported side effects to the delabeled antibiotic within 6 months posttransplant. Specific examination of sulfonamide (sulfa)‐antibiotic delabeling showed cost savings of $254 to $2910 per patient in the posttransplant period compared to the use of alternative antibiotics for prophylaxis protocol.ConclusionAntibiotic allergy delabeling prior to transplant is safe, is of high value, and should be considered in the pretransplant evaluation period. More resources are needed for the development of delabeling guidelines and support for broad implementation of pretransplant antibiotic allergy delabeling programs.
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The risk of thromboembolic events with early intravenous 2‐ and 4‐g bolus dosing of tranexamic acid compared to placebo in patients with severe traumatic bleeding: A secondary analysis of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐center trial
Authors: Spinella Philip C. , Bochicchio Kelly , Thomas Kimberly A. , Staudt Amanda , Shea Susan M. , Pusateri Anthony E. , Schuerer Douglas , Levy Jerrold H. , Cap Andrew P. , Bochicchio Grant 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundScreening for the risk of thromboembolism (TE) due to tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with severe traumatic injury has not been performed in randomized clinical trials. Our objective was to determine if TXA dose was independently‐associated with thromboembolism.Study Design and MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a single‐center, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing placebo to a 2‐g or 4‐g intravenous TXA bolus dose in trauma patients with severe injury. We used multivariable discrete‐time Cox regression models to identify associations with risk for thromboembolic events within 30 days post‐enrollment. Event curves were created using discrete‐time Cox regression.ResultsThere were 50 patients in the placebo group, 49 in the 2‐g, and 50 in the 4‐g TXA group. In adjusted analyses for thromboembolism, a 2‐g dose of TXA had an hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 3.20 (1.12–9.11) (p = .029), and a 4‐g dose of TXA had an HR (95% CI) of 5.33 (1.94–14.63) (p = .001). Event curves demonstrated a higher probability of thromboembolism for both doses of TXA compared to placebo. Other parameters independently associated with thromboembolism include time from injury to TXA administration, body mass index, and total blood products transfused.DiscussionIn patients with severe traumatic injury, there was a dose‐dependent increase in the risk of at least one thromboembolic event with TXA. TXA should not be withheld, but thromboembolism screening should be considered for patients receiving a dose of at least 2‐g TXA intravenously for traumatic hemorrhage.
Identification of Concept, Factors Affecting and the Need for Adaptive Reuse of Government Teachers’ Quarters in Malaysia
Authors: Zulkanain Mohamad Izzat , Jaafar Mastura , Salim Nuzaihan Aras Agus 
Published: June 2022

Government building quarters are essential for providing adequate accommodation and improving the quality of public service employees. Following independence, the government has allocated funds to each ministry to construct its own quarters. A portion of the Ministry of Education's budget has been allocated to the construction of residential quarters for teachers in Malaysia. However, some of these quarters, particularly those located in rural areas, are underutilised and are in a deplorable state. This is due to a number of issues, including poor building maintenance, the absence of adjacent amenities, and an inappropriate location. The adaptive reuse strategy is employed to mitigate the issue. As Malaysia aims to become a modern nation, adaptive reuse as a means of achieving sustainability in the built environment. Even adaptive reuse was utilised in Malaysia, the initiative focused mostly on heritage or historical buildings. Insufficient research has been conducted on the adaptive reuse of public buildings, notably teachers' quarters. This research offers a narrative literature review of the adaptive reuse concept and the factors influencing the adaptive reuse of teachers' quarters in Malaysia. Numerous parameters affecting adaptive reuse have been revealed by previous researchers. Each researcher specifies factors depending on their research; hence, these factors are compiled and discussed throughout this work. Such aspects include actors, adaptive reuse potential, building condition, economics, location, regulations and laws, architectural value, environment, and social and cultural factors. These variables may be relevant to consider when encouraging adaptive reuse for government quarters (teachers' quarters), as they may affect the building's future or new role. In order to make appropriate decisions, one needs to have a comprehensive awareness of the relevant aspects. The second half of the study discusses the condition of teachers’ quarters and how the adaptive reuse concept could be of assistance. The study concluded with a number of research recommendations and suggestions for future research topics.
Enhancing Mechanical Metamodels With a Generative Model-Based Augmented Training Dataset
Authors: Kobeissi Hiba , Mohammadzadeh Saeed , Lejeune Emma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Modeling biological soft tissue is complex in part due to material heterogeneity. Microstructural patterns, which play a major role in defining the mechanical behavior of these tissues, are both challenging to characterize and difficult to simulate. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based methods to predict the mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials have made it possible to more thoroughly explore the massive input parameter space associated with heterogeneous blocks of material. Specifically, we can train ML models to closely approximate computationally expensive heterogeneous material simulations where the ML model is trained on datasets of simulations with relevant spatial heterogeneity. However, when it comes to applying these techniques to tissue, there is a major limitation: the number of useful examples available to characterize the input domain under study is often limited. In this work, we investigate the efficacy of both ML-based generative models and procedural methods as tools for augmenting limited input pattern datasets. We find that a style-based generative adversarial network with an adaptive discriminator augmentation mechanism is able to successfully leverage just 1000 example patterns to create authentic generated patterns. In addition, we find that diverse generated patterns with adequate resemblance to real patterns can be used as inputs to finite element simulations to meaningfully augment the training dataset. To enable this methodological contribution, we have created an open access finite element analysis simulation dataset based on Cahn–Hilliard patterns. We anticipate that future researchers will be able to leverage this dataset and build on the work presented here.