bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault classification based on variable‐weighted dynamic sparse stacked autoencoder for industrial processes
Authors: Dong Jie , Tu Yanan , Peng Kaixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffective process monitoring and fault diagnosis are of great significance to the safe operation of industrial processes as production scale increases and production systems become more and more complex. Identifying fault types in complex industries by fault classification can help workers to determine the source of the fault as soon as possible, which is crucial to timely recover work. In this paper, a fault classification method based on a variable‐weighted dynamic sparse stacked autoencoder is proposed. First, considering the dynamic characteristics of process data, the input data are processed dynamically by a sliding window. Then, in the pre‐training stage, the weight of each variable is calculated by Fisher discriminant analysis for the reconstruction of the loss function. The sparse term is added to the loss function so that it can learn the effective representation of data in a harsh environment. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the Tennessee‐Eastman benchmark to evaluate the classification performance. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method.
Optimal subsampling for large‐sample quantile regression with massive data
Authors: Shao Li , Song Shanshan , Zhou Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo balance the explosive growth of data volume and limited budgets for computational resources, one of the popular methods is downscaling the data volume by subsampling a subdataset that inherits the relevant property of the full data. As an alternative to the mean regression model, the quantile regression model has been studied extensively when the data are independent and the data scale is medium. This article focuses on quantile regression with massive data where the sample size n (greater than in general) is extraordinarily large but the dimension d (smaller than 20 in general) is small. We first formulate the general subsampling procedure and establish the asymptotic property of the resultant estimator. Then, with the help of optimality criteria in experimental design, we derive two subsampling probabilities that are optimal in the sense of smallest asymptotic mean square error. Since the optimal subsampling probabilities depend on the full data estimator, we develop a two‐step optimal subsampling algorithm and study the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resultant estimator. The empirical performance of the optimal subsampling algorithm is evaluated with synthetic and real datasets.
Activation of autophagy reverses progressive and deleterious protein aggregation in PRPF31 patient‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Georgiou Maria , Yang Chunbo , Atkinson Robert , Pan Kuan‐Ting , Buskin Adriana , Molina Marina Moya , Collin Joseph , Al‐Aama Jumana , Goertler Franziska , Ludwig Sebastian E. J. , Davey Tracey , Lührmann Reinhard , Nagaraja‐Grellscheid Sushma , Johnson Colin A. , Ali Robin , Armstrong Lyle , Korolchuk Viktor , Urlaub Henning , Mozaffari‐Jovin Sina , Lako Majlinda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMutations in pre‐mRNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31), a core protein of the spliceosomal tri‐snRNP complex, cause autosomal‐dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). It has remained an enigma why mutations in ubiquitously expressed tri‐snRNP proteins result in retina‐specific disorders, and so far, the underlying mechanism of splicing factors‐related RP is poorly understood.MethodsWe used the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to generate retinal organoids and RPE models from four patients with severe and very severe PRPF31‐adRP, unaffected individuals and a CRISPR/Cas9 isogenic control.ResultsTo fully assess the impacts of PRPF31 mutations, quantitative proteomics analyses of retinal organoids and RPE cells were carried out showing RNA splicing, autophagy and lysosome, unfolded protein response (UPR) and visual cycle‐related pathways to be significantly affected. Strikingly, the patient‐derived RPE and retinal cells were characterised by the presence of large amounts of cytoplasmic aggregates containing the mutant PRPF31 and misfolded, ubiquitin‐conjugated proteins including key visual cycle and other RP‐linked tri‐snRNP proteins, which accumulated progressively with time. The mutant PRPF31 variant was not incorporated into splicing complexes, but reduction of PRPF31 wild‐type levels led to tri‐snRNP assembly defects in Cajal bodies of PRPF31 patient retinal cells, altered morphology of nuclear speckles and reduced formation of active spliceosomes giving rise to global splicing dysregulation. Moreover, the impaired waste disposal mechanisms further exacerbated aggregate formation, and targeting these by activating the autophagy pathway using Rapamycin reduced cytoplasmic aggregates, leading to improved cell survival.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that it is the progressive aggregate accumulation that overburdens the waste disposal machinery rather than direct PRPF31‐initiated mis‐splicing, and thus relieving the RPE cells from insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates presents a novel therapeutic strategy that can be combined with gene therapy studies to fully restore RPE and retinal cell function in PRPF31‐adRP patients.
Differentiated instruction within senior secondary curriculum frameworks: A small‐scale study of teacher views from an independent South Australian school
Authors: Porta Tom , Todd Nicole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a paucity of research around Differentiated Instruction (DI) in Australian senior secondary education even though this approach has been shown to have the potential to cater for diverse learning needs in inclusive classrooms in other school contexts. Investigating how DI is understood and implemented by teachers in a senior secondary context will allow for a deeper insight into, and possible improvement in, teachers' knowledge and use of the DI approach. This qualitative study focussed on how four teachers from one school viewed DI and how they employed and documented DI practices in their senior secondary classrooms when catering for the needs of diverse learners. The teachers noted positive outcomes such as happy students and a sense of fulfilment for the teacher, as well as enablers for implementing DI effectively, including teacher collaboration and reflection. Challenges to effectively implementing DI were mentioned, such as a lack of time and large class sizes.
Future directions in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Leiphart Paul , Kirby Joslyn S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, previously thought to be rare. Currently, there is only one medication, adalimumab, approved for the treatment of HS by the US Food and Drug Administration. In recent years there has been a rapid growth in the quantity and quality of research of HS leading to a greater understanding of HS pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. This review aims to review medications being tested and applied towards HS treatment. There are several small molecules and biologics being evaluated. We will summarize the medications in active Phase II and III trials, with some of the relevant existing research supporting these investigational biologic and small‐molecule therapies.
Host phenology regulates parasite–host demographic cycles and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks
Authors: MacDonald Hannelore , Brisson Dustin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParasite–host interactions can drive periodic population dynamics when parasites overexploit host populations. The timing of host seasonal activity, or host phenology, determines the frequency and demographic impact of parasite–host interactions, which may govern whether parasites sufficiently overexploit hosts to drive population cycles. We describe a mathematical model of a monocyclic, obligate‐killer parasite system with seasonal host activity to investigate the consequences of host phenology on host–parasite dynamics. The results suggest that parasites can reach the densities necessary to destabilize host dynamics and drive cycling as they adapt, but only in some phenological scenarios such as environments with short seasons and synchronous host emergence. Furthermore, only parasite lineages that are sufficiently adapted to phenological scenarios with short seasons and synchronous host emergence can achieve the densities necessary to overexploit hosts and produce population cycles. Host‐parasite cycles also generate an eco‐evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation to the phenological environment as rare advantageous phenotypes can be driven extinct due to a population bottleneck depending on when they are introduced in the cycle. The results demonstrate that seasonal environments can drive population cycling in a restricted set of phenological patterns and provide further evidence that the rate of adaptive evolution depends on underlying ecological dynamics.
Effects of harvesting on subtidal kelp forests (Lessonia trabeculata) in central Chile
Authors: Bularz Bryan , Fernández Miriam , Subida María Dulce , Wieters Evie A. , Pérez‐Matus Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe systematic degradation of marine ecosystems is a global phenomenon that has important and diverse consequences including biodiversity loss and reduced ecosystem service provisions. In temperate regions, subtidal kelp forests are dominant ecosystems in rocky coasts, subjected to the influence of local‐scale stressors and regional environmental variation. For example, kelps within the Humboldt Current System are at risk of degradation from live‐harvesting by fisheries. However, limited information exists regarding the long‐term consequences of kelp harvesting, which, in turn, limits the ability to provide effective management and conservation efforts. Here, we examined the ecosystem‐level consequences of the artisanal subtidal Lessonia trabeculata fishery along the coast of central Chile during a 2‐year period, assessing (1) the change in adult and juvenile L. trabeculata density within harvested and nonharvested (control) plots (~90 m2), (2) the impact of L. trabeculata harvesting on reef fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, and (3) the change in density of the most abundant L. trabeculata‐associated species. The experiment was conducted over a 2‐year period, from December 2016 to May 2019. Approximately 90% of L. trabeculata was removed by an experienced kelp fisherman in experimental plots. After 2 years, L. trabeculata and its associated community showed a lack of recovery in the harvested plots. Within these plots, the average abundance of the rock shrimp, Rhynchocinetes typus, and the herbivorous snail, Tegula tridentata, was greater than in nonharvested plots and the pattern persisted over the study period. The difference in abundance of associated species may be key to the (lack of) recovery of L. trabeculata forests. Our study highlights the impact of L. trabeculata harvesting on associated fauna; however, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the capacity and time frame to reestablish the original biomass of L. trabeculata, as well as its associated fauna. The management of L. trabeculata fisheries needs to account for ecosystem‐wide impacts in order to better manage and protect vital coastal ecosystems.
Evaluation of vegetation indices and imaging spectroscopy to estimate foliar nitrogen across disparate biomes
Authors: Farella Martha M. , Barnes Mallory L. , Breshears David D. , Mitchell Jessica , van Leeuwen Willem J. D. , Gallery Rachel E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nitrogen content in plant foliar tissues (foliar N) regulates photosynthetic capacity and has a major impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Despite its importance, a robust, time, and cost‐effective methodology to estimate variation in foliar N concentration across globally represented terrestrial systems does not exist. Although advances in remote sensing data have enabled landscape‐scale foliar N predictions, improved accuracy is needed to effectively capture variation in foliar N across ecosystems. Airborne remote sensing imagery was analyzed in conjunction with ground‐sampled foliar chemistry data (n = 692), provided by the NEON, to predict foliar N at sites across the United States covering a variety of plant communities and climate types. We developed indices from novel two‐band combinations that predicted foliar N more accurately than existing indices (≈8% improvement across all sites and a 45% improvement in arid sites). Compared with two‐band indices, we increased accuracy and decreased bias of foliar N predictions by using full‐spectrum reflectance information and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models (R2 = 0.638; root mean square error = 0.440). Significant wavelengths included red edge (720–765 nm), near infrared (NIR) reflectance at 1125 nm, and shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance at 2050 and 2095 nm, which are regions indicative of foliar traits such as growth type (e.g., leaf area index with NIR) and photosynthetic parameters (e.g., chlorophyll and Rubisco with red and SWIR reflectance, respectively). With the confluence of rapid increases in computing power, several forthcoming or recently launched hyperspectral missions, and the development of large‐scale environmental research observatories worldwide, we have an exciting opportunity to estimate foliar N across larger spatial areas covering more diverse biomes than ever before. We anticipate that these predictions will prove to be invaluable in helping to constrain biogeochemical model uncertainties across a global range of terrestrial ecosystems.
Social‐ecological reflexivity of extractive industry governance? The case of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Indonesia
Authors: Yanuardi Yanuardi , Vijge Marjanneke J. , Biermann Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) sets standards to improve the governance of extractive industries and thereby stimulate sustainable development. Member countries implement this standard through a multi‐stakeholder group (MSG) which facilitates deliberation between government, civil society and business representatives. This deliberation could enable what we call ‘social‐ecological reflexivity’: the ability to reconfigure oneself in response to critical reflection on one's performance in governing not only the economic, but also the social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Such reflexivity is crucial for countries to not only comply with the EITI standard, but also improve governance quality to address the social and environmental impacts from extractive industries. Drawing on a fully operationalised conceptual framework, we analyse social‐ecological reflexivity in the implementation of the EITI in Indonesia, a country that is heavily impacted by extractive industries. We draw on content analysis of the MSG meeting minutes and EITI‐Indonesia reports between 2012 and 2019. We show that the EITI‐Indonesia has not (yet) generated deep social‐ecological reflexivity. First, there is limited recognition and rethinking of extractive industry governance and no real response in the form of governance reforms. Second, there are even signs of what we call ‘anti‐reflexivity’, whereby members of the multi‐stakeholder group ignore and resist public debates around the negative impacts from extractive industries. In analysing the different components and degrees of reflexivity around the EITI‐Indonesia, the article provides vital insights into the (study of) conditions under which global norms such as the EITI find meaning in and affect specific contexts.
Heterobimetallic Ln(III)‐Containing Materials Based on One‐Dimensional Aurophilic Chains of Gold(I) Dithiolate Dimers and Their Vapochromic Response to DMF
Authors: Pells Jefferson A. , Guan David , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, X‐ray structures and luminescence of a series of lanthanide coordination polymers containing anionic gold(I) iso‐maleonitriledithiolate units ([Au2(i‐mnt)2]2−; {Au2[S2C=C(CN)2]2}2−) are described. Crystals of (nBu4N)Ln(DMF)8[Au2(i‐mnt)2]2 (Ln=Gd, Tb, Eu) contain 1‐D aurophilic chains of [Au2(i‐mnt)2]2− units and DMF‐saturated Ln(III) cations. The Ln=Gd and Tb systems are emissive, with λmax=596 and 625 nm respectively, attributable to the aurophilic chains. The luminescence intensities and emission energies qualitatively correlate to the local concentration of DMF vapour, where emission‐quenched (nBu4N)Ln(DMF)5[Au2(i‐mnt)2]2 is formed upon sample removal from a DMF atmosphere for 24 hours; the emissive species was regenerated by exposure to fresh DMF vapour. A similar turn‐on luminescence effect was also observed when a quenched sample of (nBu4N)Tb(DMF)5[Au2(i‐mnt)2]2 powder was exposed to pyridine, resulting in emission with λmax=625 nm. Structure‐property correlations show that the emission maximum is influenced not only by the intermolecular Au−Au distances but also by a combination of the Au−Au−Au angles and other geometric factors in the [Au2(i‐mnt)2] units.
Noncooperative multiagent game model for the electricity market on the basis of the renewable energy portfolio standard
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Fan Shuwen , Hou Jiansheng , Yu Jinlong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn China, after the revision of the renewable energy policy, transactions among the main parties involved in the electricity market are becoming increasingly complicated. Nevertheless, the impact of the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) on market equilibrium has not been studied so far. Hence, in this study, a noncooperative multiagent game model for the electricity market was developed on the basis of the recently released RPS and by considering various factors, such as green certificate transactions and the changing of the selling entities. The improved firefly algorithm was used to solve the model, and problematic gaming was analyzed empirically. Once the new RPS is implemented, the price of bound electricity will become higher than that of nonbound electricity, and the trading volume of bound electricity will increase. Because fossil energy producers will no longer be responsible for the electricity quotas, their electricity trading volumes will now be more related to the market demand than they were earlier. Renewable energy companies will increase their revenues by reducing their bound electricity sales. If the RPS increases the electricity quota ratios, the costs incurred by electricity sales companies and large power users will also increase, leading the electricity sales companies to reduce their electricity trading volumes. The study findings will help analyze the impacts of implementing the RPS and provide a basis and a reference for policymakers to make improvements to the standard in the future.
Geomorphology of the fluvial–estuarine transition zone, lower Neuse River, North Carolina
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fluvial–estuarine transition zone (FETZ) of the Neuse River, North Carolina features a river corridor that conveys flow in a complex of active, backflooded, and high‐flow channels, floodplain depressions, and wetlands. Hydrological connectivity among these occurs at median discharges and stages, with some connectivity at even lower stages. Water exchange can occur in any direction, and at high stages the complex effectively stores water within the valley bottom and eventually conveys it to the estuary along both slow and more rapid paths. The geomorphology of the FETZ is unique compared to the estuary, or to the fluvial reaches upstream. It has been shaped by Holocene and contemporary sea‐level rise, as shown by signatures of the leading edge of encroaching backwater effects. The FETZ can accommodate extreme flows from upstream, and extraordinary storm surges from downstream (as illustrated by Hurricane Florence). In the lower Neuse—and in fluvial‐to‐estuary transitions of other coastal plain rivers—options for geomorphological adaptation are limited. Landscape slopes and relief are low, channels are close to base level, sediment inputs are low, and banks have high resistance relative to hydraulic forces. Limited potential exists for changes in channel depth, width, or lateral migration. Adaptations are dominated by the formation of multiple channels, water storage in wetlands and floodplain depressions, increased frequency of overbank flow (compared to upstream), and adjustments of roughness via vegetation, woody debris, multiple channels, and flow through wetlands.
Organic radical materials in biomedical applications: State of the art and perspectives
Authors: Cui Xiao , Zhang Zhen , Yang Yuliang , Li Shengliang , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOwing to their unique chemical reactivities and paramagnetism, organic radicals with unpaired electrons have found widespread exploration in physical, chemical, and biological fields. However, most radicals are too short‐lived to be separated and only a few of them can maintain stable radical forms via stereochemical strategies. How to utilize these raw radicals for developing stable radical‐containing materials have long been a research hotspot for many years. This perspective introduces fundamental characteristics of organic radical materials and highlights their applications in biomedical fields, particularly for bioimaging, biosensing, and photo‐triggered therapies. Molecular design of these radical materials is considered with reference to their outstanding imaging and therapeutic performances. Various challenges currently limiting the wide applications of these organic radical materials and their future development are also discussed.
Periodic hill flow simulations with a parameterized cumulant lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Gehrke Martin , Rung Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe article is concerned with the assessment of a cumulant lattice Boltzmann method in wall‐bounded, separated turbulent shear flows. The approach is of interest for its resolution‐spanning success in turbulent channel flows without using a specific turbulence treatment. The assessment focuses upon the flow over a periodic hill, which offers a rich basis of numerical and experimental data, for Reynolds numbers within . The analysis involves the mean flow field, second moments and their invariants, as well as spectral data obtained for a wide range of resolutions with . With the emphasis on a recently published parameterized cumulant collision operator, the universality of the value assigned to a stability preserving regularization parameter is assessed. Reported results guide resolution‐dependent optimized values and indicate a required minimum resolution of . Analog to the findings for attached turbulent shear flows, the approach appears to adequately resolve complex turbulent flows without the need for ad hoc modeling for a range of scale resolving resolutions.