bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Interpretation Synthesis: Interpreting Task Solving by Quantifying Previously Used and Unused Information
Authors: He Zhengqi , Toyoizumi Taro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA deep neural network is a good task solver, but it is difficult to make sense of its operation. People have different ideas about how to interpret its operation. We look at this problem from a new perspective where the interpretation of task solving is synthesized by quantifying how much and what previously unused information is exploited in addition to the information used to solve previous tasks. First, after learning several tasks, the network acquires several information partitions related to each task. We propose that the network then learns the minimal information partition that supplements previously learned information partitions to more accurately represent the input. This extra partition is associated with unconceptualized information that has not been used in previous tasks. We manage to identify what unconceptualized information is used and quantify the amount. To interpret how the network solves a new task, we quantify as meta-information how much information from each partition is extracted. We implement this framework with the variational information bottleneck technique. We test the framework with the MNIST and the CLEVR data set. The framework is shown to be able to compose information partitions and synthesize experience-dependent interpretation in the form of meta-information. This system progressively improves the resolution of interpretation upon new experience by converting a part of the unconceptualized information partition to a task-related partition. It can also provide a visual interpretation by imaging what is the part of previously unconceptualized information that is needed to solve a new task.
Which Patients Receive Diagnostic Angiography? An EAST Multicenter Study Analysis of Internal Carotid Artery Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury
Authors: Ardeshna Sohil , Esposito Emily , Spalding Chance , Dunn Julie , Nahmias Jeffry , Grigorian Areg , Harmon Laura , Gergen Anna , Young Andrew , Pascual Jose , Murry Jason , Ong Adrian , Appelbaum Rachel , Bugaev Nikolay , Tatar Antony , Zreik Khaled , Scalea Thomas M. , Stein Deborah , Lauerman Margaret 
Published: November 2022

Background Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard radiologic modality in blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI). However, computerized tomography angiography (CTA) is primarily used in modern practice with CTA’s widespread availability and the decreased stroke rate with CTA use. The frequency and indications for DSA in BCVI is undefined. We hypothesized that DSA use in internal carotid artery (ICA) BCVI would be infrequent and dependent on radiologic features. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter, prospective, observational trial of 16 trauma centers for stroke factors in BCVI. ICA BCVI was divided into those undergoing DSA and not undergoing DSA (no-DSA). Only ICA BCVI was included. Results 332 ICA BCVI were included, 221 (66.6%) no-DSA and 111 (33.4%) DSA. Lower hospital trauma volume, non-urban environment, and non-academic status were associated with DSA use (all P ≤ .001). BCVI grade ( P = .02) and presence of luminal stenosis ( P = .005) were associated with DSA use while pseudoaneurysm presence was not. Median time to DSA was 1 hour. The most common indication for angiography was to determine the presence of injury in 71 (64%) ICA BCVI, followed by determining grade of injury in 16 (14.4%) and concerning imaging characteristics in 12 (10.8%). BCVI grade on initial imaging and on DSA were equivalent in 94 (84.7%) ICA BCVI. Discussion DSA is frequently used in ICA BCVI, primarily early in the hospital course for injury diagnosis and grade determination. DSA appears primarily driven by hospital type, BCVI grade, and luminal stenosis.
Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of condyloma acuminata: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Prayogo Stephanie Amabella , Andrew Hubert , Cong Stefanny , Intaran Kadek Devi Aninditha 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Condylomata acuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted infection with a high prevalence associated with psychosexual morbidity in both men and women of various age. Up to now, treatment modalities yield low clearance and recurrence rate (RR) and are also deemed low quality evidence-wise. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising therapy to effectively cure and prevent CA recurrence. Method This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and registered to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) (CRD42022332760). Results Ten studies were included in this systematic review. A significant value of complete response (CR) ranging from 63–100% in patients with genital warts after receiving several sessions of PDT. A relatively low recurrence rate was seen in all 10 studies, with an RR of less than 17%. Quality assessment of included studies reported mostly high-quality research. Conclusions PDT therapy resulted in a higher CR with significantly lower RR compared to other therapies. Thus, PDT can be an alternative treatment of CA with low RR and minimal side effects. Additional research, especially randomized clinical trials in various countries, is needed to further substantiate this treatment and formulate definitive protocols.
Anatomical acromioclavicular joint stabilization with chemically sterilized tendon allografts: A retrospective study
Authors: Vogt Wolfgang , Borchert Gudrun H , Ahmed Norus , Brune Jan C 
Published: November 2022

Background The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze whether chemically sterilized tendon allografts perform as well as other non-sterilized allografts and autografts as described in the literature for anatomical acromioclavicular joint stabilization for the treatment of Rockwood III–V. Allografts are still described as a factor for higher re-rupture rates. Methods Retrospective data were collected from 21 acromioclavicular joint stabilizations performed by a single surgeon and performed between 2011 and 2014 using sterilized semitendinosus allografts. The primary endpoints were re-rupture and complication rates. Secondary endpoints were AC-joint stability, pain level, return to work and sport and the range of motion. Results No re-ruptures occurred during the mean follow-up time of 33 months. Zero complications occurred directly after surgery, but three complications later than three weeks after surgery. All cases resolved without further surgery. After surgery, stability significantly improved for all patients. Post-surgery, 19 patients had stable acromioclavicular joints and only two patients showed minor instabilities. Range of motion returned to the range of the healthy shoulders for all patients. Conclusion Chemically sterilized semitendinosus allograft use for anatomic AC-joint stabilization is equivalent to the use of other allografts or autografts and required no hardware removal. No donor age or graft size dependence was observed, due to zero re-ruptures.
Impact of the Weightbearing Line on Cartilage Regeneration of the Medial Knee Compartment after Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy, Based on Second-Look Arthroscopy
Authors: Otsuki Shuhei , Ikeda Kuniaki , Ishitani Takashi , Okamoto Yoshinori , Wakama Hitoshi , Matsuyama Junya , Nakamura Kaito , Neo Masashi 
Published: November 2022

Objective Cartilage regeneration is multifactorial. This study aimed to optimize the biomechanical factor of weightbearing loading allowing for cartilage regeneration and elucidate the association between cartilage regeneration and clinical outcomes after medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Design This was a retrospective, observational study of 142 patients who underwent OWHTO and subsequently underwent second-look arthroscopic assessment at a single orthopedic surgery center in Japan. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared between patients with (group R) and without (group D) cartilage regeneration, measured using the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system and the macroscopic staging system at the time second-look arthroscopy was performed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal weightbearing line ratio (WBLR) for cartilage regeneration. Results Group R included 82 knees, and group D 60 knees. The WBLR was higher in group R (60.9% ± 6.7%) than in group D (55.6% ± 7.6%) ( P < 0.001) and was associated with a greater improvement in clinical outcomes, namely the Lysholm scale score and all subscales of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score ( P < 0.01). The WBLR predicted cartilage regeneration with an odds ratio of 1.11 ( P = 0.001) and an area under the curve of 0.718, for a WBLR value of 62%. Conclusions A WBLR of 62% was associated with cartilage regeneration after OWHTO and high patient-reported clinical outcomes.
How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected patients’ experience of pain management therapy?
Authors: French Olivia , Mattacola Emily 
Published: November 2022

Objectives The current service evaluation aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients' experiences of pain management therapy. The study examined the barriers and benefits of the move from face-to-face to eHealth methods of delivery. Design A service evaluation was conducted in an outpatient pain clinic in an NHS Trust in the East of England. A qualitative approach was taken using semi-structured interviews. Methods Participants were recruited through a health psychology service operating as part of a multidisciplinary pain management clinic. Six patients, aged 39–67, were interviewed one-to-one using the online platform ZoomTM. During COVID-19, participants had individual or group pain management therapy via telephone or video conferencing. All interviews were transcribed using Otter.aiTM and thematic analysis was performed. The study was approved by internal clinical governance for service evaluations and the authors adhered to the BPS Code of Human Research Ethics. Results Three key themes emerged from the analysis; Benefits Aside From Pain Relief, Limited Their Experience, and COVID- 19: A D ouble-Edged Sword. Conclusion Findings suggested patients were able to benefit from pain management therapy despite the impact of COVID-19 on daily routines and pain experience. Adopting eHealth methods during the pandemic was an effective means of accessing pain management therapy. These methods allowed patients to continue to benefit from peer support and learn about skills and resources regarding self-management, whilst also improving accessibility for those with chronic pain. Yet, these methods are not without their limitations. Technical issues and difficulties creating therapeutic connections with psychologists limited patients' experience of pain management therapy.
Dynamin-2 deficiency causes age- and sex-dependent neutropenia and myelodysplasia in mice
Authors: Willis Alexander J. , Corey Seth J. , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Karimi Saman S. , Khaddour Karam , Quigley John , Eklund Elizabeth A. , Chen Yolande 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dynamins are a family of ubiquitously expressed GTPase proteins, best known for their role in membrane remodeling. Their contribution to hematopoiesis is incompletely recognized. Individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with dynamin-2 (DNM2) mutations often develop neutropenia. We previously reported that dynamin (DNM) inhibition impairs SDF1a-mediated migration in megakaryocytes. Here, we report on conditionally Dnm2 deleted mice in hematopoietic tissues using the Vav-Cre murine strain. Homozygous Dnm2 deletion in blood tissues is embryonic lethal. Dnm2het male mice only developed a slightly decreased hemoglobin level. Dnm2het female mice developed leukopenia by 40 weeks of age and neutropenia by 65 weeks of age. Flow cytometry revealed decreased lineage-negative cells and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors in Dnm2het female mice. Immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow (BM) for mature neutrophils with Ly6G was decreased and myelodysplastic features were present in the BM of Dnm2het female mice. A linear distribution of Ly6G+ BM cells along blood vessels was observed in fewer Dnm2het mice than in controls, suggesting that the migration pattern in the marrow is altered. Marrow neutrophils treated with dynamin inhibitor, dynasore, showed increased cell surface CXCR4, suggesting that abnormal migration results in marrow neutrophil retention. Dnm2het female mice also developed splenomegaly secondary to germinal center hyperplasia at younger ages, suggesting perturbed immunity. In summary, female mice with BM Dnm2 haploinsufficiency developed neutropenia as they aged with decreased granulocyte progenitor production and migration defects. Our studies indicate a potential mechanism for the development of chronic idiopathic neutropenia, a disease that predominantly presents in middle-aged women.
Biomarker-based clustering of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Vanfleteren Lowie E.G.W. , Weidner Julie , Franssen Frits M.E. , Gaffron Swetlana , Reynaert Niki L. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Spruit Martijn A. 
Published: November 2022

RationaleCOPD has been associated repeatedly with single biomarkers of systemic inflammation, ignoring the complexity of inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to cluster patients with COPD based on systemic markers of inflammatory processes and to evaluate differences in their clinical characterisation and examine how these differences may relate to altered biological pathways.Methods213 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD in a clinically stable state were recruited and clinically characterised, which included a venous blood sample for analysis of serum biomarkers. Patients were clustered based on the overall similarity in systemic levels of 57 different biomarkers. To determine interactions among the regulated biomarkers, protein networks and biological pathways were examined for each patient cluster.ResultsFour clusters were identified: two clusters with lower biomarker levels (I and II) and two clusters with higher biomarker levels (III and IV), with only a small number of biomarkers with similar trends in expression. Pathway analysis indicated that three of the four clusters were enriched in Rage (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) and Oncostatin M pathway components. Although the degree of airflow limitation was similar, the clinical characterisation of clusters ranged from 1) better functional capacity and health status and fewer comorbidities; 2) more underweight, osteoporosis and static hyperinflation; 3) more metabolically deranged; and 4) older subjects with worse functional capacity and higher comorbidity load.ConclusionsThese new insights may help to understand the functionally relevant inflammatory interactions in the pathophysiology of COPD as a heterogeneous disease.
Comparative analyses of three complete Primula mitogenomes with insights into mitogenome size variation in Ericales
Authors: Wei Lei , Liu Tong-Jian , Hao Gang , Ge Xue-Jun , Yan Hai-Fei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough knowledge of the sizes, contents, and forms of plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) is increasing, little is known about the mechanisms underlying their structural diversity. Evolutionary information on the mitogenomes ofPrimula, an important ornamental taxon, is more limited than the information on their nuclear and plastid counterparts, which has hindered the comprehensive understanding ofPrimulamitogenomic diversity and evolution. The present study reported and compared threePrimulamitogenomes and discussed the size expansion of mitogenomes in Ericales.ResultsMitogenome master circles were sequenced and successfully assembled for threePrimulataxa and were compared with publicly available Ericales mitogenomes. The three mitogenomes contained similar gene contents and varied primarily in their structures. ThePrimulamitogenomes possessed relatively high nucleotide diversity among all examined plant lineages. In addition, high nucleotide diversity was found amongPrimulaspecies between the Mediterranean and Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains. Most predicted RNA editing sites appeared in the second amino acid codon, increasing the hydrophobic character of the protein. An early stop inatp6caused by RNA editing was conserved across all examined Ericales species. The interfamilial relationships within Ericales and interspecific relationships withinPrimulacould be well resolved based on mitochondrial data. Transfer of the two longest mitochondrial plastid sequences (MTPTs) occurred before the divergence ofPrimulaand its close relatives, and multiple independent transfers could also occur in a single MTPT sequence. Foreign sequence [MTPTs and mitochondrial nuclear DNA sequences (NUMTs)] uptake and repeats were to some extent associated with changes in Ericales mitogenome size, although none of these relationships were significant overall.ConclusionsThe present study revealed relatively conserved gene contents, gene clusters, RNA editing, and MTPTs but considerable structural variation inPrimulamitogenomes. Relatively high nucleotide diversity was found in thePrimulamitogenomes. In addition, mitogenomic genes, collinear gene clusters, and locally collinear blocks (LCBs) all showed phylogenetic signals. The evolutionary history of MTPTs inPrimulawas complicated, even in a single MTPT sequence. Various reasons for the size variation observed in Ericales mitogenomes were found.
The impact of assistive devices on community-dwelling older adults and their informal caregivers: a systematic review
Authors: Marasinghe Keshini Madara , Chaurasia Ashok , Adil Maisha , Liu Qian Yue , Nur Teeyaa Ibrahim , Oremus Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the impact of assistive devices on the life satisfaction of (Research Question 1), and informal caregiving hours received by (Research Question 2), community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years).

Methods
We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Scopus from database inception to March 2022. For each question, two reviewers independently screened citations, extracted and narratively synthesized the data, and assessed article quality and strength of evidence.

Results
Of the 1391 citations screened, we found two articles pertaining to each question, for a total of four articles. In general, assistive device use was not associated with life satisfaction, while it was positively associated with informal caregiving hours. However, the risk of bias was serious across the two studies for Research Question 1, and the overall quality of evidence was “very low”. The risk of bias was not serious across the two studies included in Research Question 2 and the overall quality of evidence was “moderate”.

Conclusion
Due to the scarcity of studies, the limitations of existing studies (i.e., risk of bias), and the evidence being moderate or very low quality, we could not draw firm conclusions about the associations of interest. Additional research will produce a better understanding of the two relationships and provide further evidence to inform policy decisions regarding the provision and funding of assistive devices for community-dwelling older adults.

Trial registration
This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database of systematic reviews (identification number: CRD42021248929).
Supporting pregnant women not ready to quit smoking: an economic evaluation
Authors: Avşar Tuba Saygın , Jackson Louise , Barton Pelham , Jones Matthew , McLeod Hugh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Some pregnant women are not ready or do not want to quit smoking completely, and currently there is no support provided for these women in the UK. Offering help to reduce smoking could reduce the health risks associated with smoking and increase the limited reach of the NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS) for pregnant women. This study aimed to design and evaluate a hypothetical intervention aimed at pregnant women who are not yet ready or do not want to quit smoking entirely.

Methods
A hypothetical intervention, the Reduced Smoking During Pregnancy (RSDP) intervention, was conceptualised based on the best available evidence. The intervention was evaluated, using a decision-analytic model developed for SDP interventions. Two different scenarios, a base-case and a cautious-case were developed, and a cost-utility analysis and return on investment analysis were conducted. The uncertainty around the estimates was assessed, using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results
The RSDP intervention could prevent the loss of 13 foetuses and generate 43 quitters 1 year after delivery per 1000 women. In the lifetime analysis, the intervention was cost-effective in both scenarios, with an incremental cost of £363 (95% CI £29 to £672) and 0.44 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.53) QALYs gained in the base-case.

Conclusions
The study found that the hypothetical reduction intervention would produce significant health benefits, reduce smoking and be cost-effective. Offering pregnant smokers help to reduce smoking could reduce health inequalities, widen the reach of SSS and improve health. This economic evaluation of a novel, intensive intervention could inform the piloting of such interventions.
Exploration of the impact of political ideology disparity on COVID-19 transmission in the United States
Authors: Rui Rongxiang , Tian Maozai , Xiong Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Based on individual-level studies, previous literature suggested that conservatives and liberals in the United States had different perceptions and behaviors when facing the COVID-19 threat. From a state-level perspective, this study further explored the impact of personal political ideology disparity on COVID-19 transmission before and after the emergence of Omicron.

Methods
A new index was established, which depended on the daily cumulative number of confirmed cases in each state and the corresponding population size. Then, by using the 2020 United States presidential election results, the values of the built index were further divided into two groups concerning the political party affiliation of the winner in each state. In addition, each group was further separated into two parts, corresponding to the time before and after Omicron predominated. Three methods, i.e., functional principal component analysis, functional analysis of variance, and function-on-scalar linear regression, were implemented to statistically analyze and quantify the impact.

Results
Findings reveal that the disparity of personal political ideology has caused a significant discrepancy in the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. Specifically, the findings show that at the very early stage before the emergence of Omicron, Democratic-leaning states suffered from a much greater severity of the COVID-19 threat but, after July 2020, the severity of COVID-19 transmission in Republican-leaning states was much higher than that in Democratic-leaning states. Situations were reversed when the Omicron predominated. Most of the time, states with Democrat preferences were more vulnerable to the threat of COVID-19 than those with Republican preferences, even though the differences decreased over time.

Conclusions
The individual-level disparity of political ideology has impacted the nationwide COVID-19 transmission and such findings are meaningful for the government and policymakers when taking action against the COVID-19 crisis in the United States.