bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A head‐to‐head comparison between Guardian Connect and FreeStyle Libre systems and an evaluation of user acceptability of sensors in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Yeoh Ester , Png Doanna , Khoo Jonathon , Chee Ying Jie , Sharda Puja , Low Serena , Lim Su Chi , Subramaniam Tavintharan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsA user‐calibrated real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (rt‐CGM) system is compared to a factory‐calibrated flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system and assessed in terms of accuracy and acceptability in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsTen participants with T1D were enroled from a specialist diabetes centre in Singapore and provided with the Guardian Connect with Enlite Sensor (Medtronic, Northridge, CA, USA) and first‐generation Freestyle Libre System (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), worn simultaneously. Participants had to check capillary blood glucose four times per day. At the end of week 1 and week 2, participants returned for data download and were given a user evaluation survey.ResultsAccuracy evaluation between Guardian Connect and Freestyle Libre includes the overall mean absolute relative difference value (9.7 ± 11.0% vs. 17.5 ± 10.9%), Clarke Error Grid zones A + B (98.6% vs. 98.1%), sensitivity (78.9% vs. 63.4%), and specificity (93.4% vs. 81.0%). Notably, time below range (<3.9 mmol/L) was 10.5% for FGM versus 2% for rt‐CGM. From the evaluation survey, 90% of participants perceived rt‐CGM to be accurate versus 40% for FGM, although the majority found both devices to be easy to use, educational, and useful in improving glycaemic control. However, due to the cost of sensors, only 30% were keen to use either device for continuous monitoring.ConclusionsAlthough rt‐CGM was superior to FGM in terms of accuracy, the value of glucose trends in both devices is still useful in diabetes self‐management. Patients and clinicians may consider either technology depending on their requirements.
Precipitation versus temperature as phenology controls in drylands
Authors: Currier Courtney M. , Sala Osvaldo E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCycles of plant growth, termed phenology, are tightly linked to environmental controls. The length of time spent growing, bounded by the start and end of season, is an important determinant of the global carbon, water, and energy balance. Much focus has been given to global warming and consequences for shifts in growing‐season length in temperate regions. In conjunction with warming temperatures, altered precipitation regimes are another facet of climate change that have potentially larger consequences than temperature in dryland phenology globally. We experimentally manipulated incoming precipitation in a semiarid grassland for over a decade and recorded plant phenology at the daily scale for 7 years. We found precipitation to have a strong relationship with the timing of grass greenup and senescence but temperature had only a modest effect size on grass greenup. Pre‐season drought strongly resulted in delayed grass greenup dates and shorter growing‐season lengths. Spring and summer drought corresponded with earlier grass senescence, whereas higher precipitation accumulation over these seasons corresponded with delayed grass senescence. However, extremely wet conditions diluted this effect and caused a plateaued response. Deep‐rooted woody shrubs showed few effects of variable precipitation or temperature on phenology and displayed consistent annual phenological timing compared with grasses. Whereas rising temperatures have already elicited phenological consequences and extended growing‐season length for mid and high‐latitude ecosystems, precipitation change will be the major driver of phenological change in drylands that cover 40% of the land surface with consequences for the global carbon, water, and energy balance.
Foundational biodiversity effects propagate through coastal food webs via multiple pathways
Authors: Ramus Aaron P. , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Long Zachary T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRelatively few studies have attempted to resolve the pathways through which the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning cascade from one trophic level to another. Here, we manipulated the richness of habitat‐forming seaweeds in a western Atlantic estuary to explore how changes in foundation species diversity affect the structure and functioning of the benthic consumer communities that they support. Structural equation modeling revealed that macroalgal richness enhanced invertebrate abundance, biomass, and diversity, both directly by changing the quality and palatability of the foundational substrate and indirectly by increasing the total biomass of available habitat. Consumer responses were largely driven by a single foundational seaweed, although stronger complementarity among macroalgae was observed for invertebrate richness. These findings with diverse foundational phyla extend earlier inferences from terrestrial grasslands by showing that biodiversity effects can simultaneously propagate through multiple independent pathways to maintain animal foodwebs. Our work also highlights the potential ramifications of human‐induced changes in marine ecosystems.
Water availability dictates how plant traits predict demographic rates
Authors: Stears Alice E. , Adler Peter B. , Blumenthal Dana M. , Kray Julie A. , Mueller Kevin E. , Ocheltree Troy W. , Wilcox Kevin R. , Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA major goal in ecology is to make generalizable predictions of organism responses to environmental variation based on their traits. However, straightforward relationships between traits and fitness are rare and likely to vary with environmental context. Characterizing how traits mediate demographic responses to the environment may enhance the predictions of organism responses to global change. We synthesized 15 years of demographic data and species‐level traits in a shortgrass steppe to determine whether the effects of leaf and root traits on growth and survival depended on seasonal water availability. We predicted that (1) species with drought‐tolerant traits, such as lower leaf turgor loss point (TLP) and higher leaf and root dry matter content (LDMC and RDMC), would be more likely to survive and grow in drier years due to higher wilting resistance, (2) these traits would not predict fitness in wetter years, and (3) traits that more directly measure physiological mechanisms of water use such as TLP would best predict demographic responses. We found that graminoids with more negative TLP and higher LDMC and RDMC had higher survival rates in drier years. Forbs demonstrated similar yet more variable responses. Graminoids grew larger in wetter years, regardless of traits. However, in both wet and dry years, graminoids with more negative TLP and higher LDMC and RDMC grew larger than less negative TLP and low LDMC and RDMC species. Traits significantly mediated the impact of drought on survival, but not growth, suggesting that survival could be a stronger driver of species' drought response in this system. TLP predicted survival in drier years, but easier to measure LDMC and RDMC were equal or better predictors. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which drought drives population dynamics, and show that abiotic context determines how traits drive fitness.
Stream and ocean hydrodynamics mediate partial migration strategies in an amphidromous Hawaiian goby
Authors: Lisi Peter J. , Hogan J. Derek , Holt Galen , Moody Kristine N. , Wren Johanna L. K. , Kobayashi Donald R. , Blum Michael J. , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPartial migration strategies, in which some individuals migrate but others do not, are widely observed in populations of migratory animals. Such patterns could arise via variation in migratory behaviors made by individual animals, via genetic variation in migratory predisposition, or simply by variation in migration opportunities mediated by environmental conditions. Here we use spatiotemporal variation in partial migration across populations of an amphidromous Hawaiian goby to test whether stream or ocean conditions favor completing its life cycle entirely within freshwater streams rather than undergoing an oceanic larval migration. Across 35 watersheds, microchemical analysis of otoliths revealed that most adult Awaous stamineus were freshwater residents (62% of n = 316 in 2009, 83% of n = 274 in 2011), but we found considerable variation among watersheds. We then tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of freshwater residency increases with the stability of stream flows and decreases with the availability of dispersal pathways arising from ocean hydrodynamics. We found that streams with low variation of daily discharge were home to a higher incidence of freshwater residents in each survey year. The magnitude of the shift in freshwater residency between survey years was positively associated with predicted interannual variability in the success of larval settlement in streams on each island based on passive drift in ocean currents. We built on these findings by developing a theoretical model of goby life history to further evaluate whether mediation of migration outcomes by stream and ocean hydrodynamics could be sufficient to explain the range of partial migration frequency observed across populations. The model illustrates that the proportion of larvae entering the ocean and differential survival of freshwater‐resident versus ocean‐going larvae are plausible mechanisms for range‐wide shifts in migration strategies. Thus, we propose that hydrologic variation in both ocean and stream environments contributes to spatiotemporal variation in the prevalence of migration phenotypes in A. stamineus. Our empirical and theoretical results suggest that the capacity for partial migration could enhance the persistence of metapopulations of diadromous fish when confronted with variable ocean and stream conditions.
Enantioselective Dual Catalysis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Organocatalysts
Authors: Wang Hongling , Chi Yonggui Robin , Huang Xuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has become a versatile catalysis strategy for building molecules via unique reaction modes. Dual catalytic processes using NHCs in combination with additional modulating agents such as another organocatalyst or transition‐metal catalyst have also been studied. The clear selection of cocatalysts has led to enhanced reactivity, increased yields, and/or improved stereoselectivity. This minireview is to provide readers with a brief overview of the development and applications of NHC and hydrogen‐bond donor for dual catalytic reactions.
A meta‐analysis of the associations of elements of the fear‐avoidance model of chronic pain with negative affect, depression, anxiety, pain‐related disability and pain intensity
Authors: Rogers Andrew H. , Farris Samantha G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveBiopsychosocial conceptualizations of clinical pain conditions recognize the multi‐faceted nature of pain experience and its intersection with mental health. A primary cognitive‐behavioural framework is the Fear‐Avoidance Model, which posits that pain catastrophizing and fear of pain (including avoidance, cognitions and physiological reactivity) are key antecedents to, and drivers of, pain intensity and disability, in addition to pain‐related psychological distress. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude of the cross‐sectional association between the primary components of the Fear‐Avoidance Model (pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, pain vigilance) with negative affect, anxiety, depression, pain intensity and disabilities in studies of clinical pain.Databases and data treatmentA search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases resulted in 335 studies that were evaluated in this meta‐analytic review, which represented 65,340 participants.ResultsResults from the random effect models indicated a positive, medium‐ to large‐sized association between fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and pain vigilance measures and outcomes (pain‐related negative affect, anxiety, depression and pain‐related disability) and medium‐sized associations with pain intensity. Fear of pain measurement type was a significant moderator of effects across all outcomes.ConclusionsThese findings provide empirical support, aligned with the components of the fear‐avoidance (FA) model, for the relevance of both pain catastrophizing and fear of pain to the pain experience and its intersection with mental health. Implications for the conceptualization of the pain catastrophizing and fear of pain construct and its measurement are discussed.SignificanceThis meta‐analysis reveals that, among individuals with various pain conditions, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, and pain vigilance have medium to large associations with pain‐ related negative affect, anxiety, and depression, pain intensity and disability. Differences in the strength of the associations depend on the type of self‐report tool used to assess fear of pain.
How the characteristics of pediatric neurologists in Latin America influence the communication of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy to patients and caregivers
Authors: Venegas Viviana , Manterola Carla , De Pablo Jose , Garcia Mariano , de León Sonia Ponce , Cavada Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the characteristics of pediatric neurologists (PNs) in Latin America (LA) who attend to children and adolescents with epilepsy and convey to them the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).MethodsPersonal data and details of discussion of SUDEP with families, including relevance of SUDEP disclosure, frequency of such communication, perceived benefits and risks of disclosure, extent of training received on such disclosure, and professional experience with SUDEP, were collected through an online survey of PNs from LA. Their personal experience in carrying out this conversation was obtained through responses to an open question, further used to identify the main barriers.ResultsOf the 442 surveys received, 367 (83%) were analyzed. Most participants (73.8%) responded that the communication of SUDEP risk was relevant or very relevant; however, only 17.9% reported communicating it always or very frequently. Factors that increased the frequency of SUDEP communication included patients with higher levels of complexity (OR = 2.18, P = .003) and the physician's personal experience with SUDEP (OR = 2.305, P < .001). Direct questions from the family and avoiding scaring them about a rare outcome were the main motivations behind discussing and not discussing SUDEP, respectively. In the open question, respondents identified worries about the patient's ability to understand the information and cultural gaps as barriers. “Informing with the intention of improving adherence to treatment” and “establishing an empathic relationship” were significantly related. Further, the concept of “do not scare” was significantly related to “personal difficulties in discussing SUDEP.”SignificanceAlthough most PNs agree that communication about SUDEP is relevant, only a minority actually engages in it. Participants identified a lack of appropriate training in such communication as a barrier. A better understanding of communication expectations, education of health professionals, and communication techniques have a strong relevance in diminishing the gap between guidelines and practice.
Internal flow field and rock‐breaking characteristics of a straight‐swirling mixed jet and its influential factors in radial jet drilling
Authors: Du Peng , Peng Xiaofan , Wei Zhidong , Fan Qinglong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of radial jet drilling (RJD) to exploit unconventional natural gas is an attractive study area. A self‐propelled bit enormously affects the drilling efficiency. Herein, for a straight‐swirling mixed jet (SSMJ) bit, the internal and external velocity fields were analyzed using a simulation to reveal a jet mixed mechanism. The rock‐breaking characteristics of different bit structures were investigated using laboratory experiments. A straight jet and a swirling jet were independent flowing through the impeller and were gradually mixed together in the mixing chamber inside the bit. The jets' boundary gradually dissipated along the radial direction, and the swirling jet distribution along the circumferential direction tended to be uniform. The velocity vector gradually decreased from the center to the periphery, and the energies were slowly concentrated due to the cluster‐narrowing by the conical wall until the velocity at the nozzle outlet reached its peak. Different flow fields were modulated by changing the bit structures. The diameters ratio greatly affected the distribution proportion of straight and swirling; the length‐diameter ratio primarily affected the contribution of the swirling jet to its center, and the width‐diameter ratio chiefly affected the initial formation velocity of the swirling jet, which all directly affected the depth variation along the radial and diameter of a borehole. The hole depth and diameter, erosion volume, and bottom flatness were combined to evaluate the rock‐breaking performance. The bit with a diameters ratio of 0.67, a length‐radius ratio of 0.57, and the width‐radius ratio of 0.13 had the best erosion effect. The simulation and experimental results achieved good mutual verifications. Overall, this study can guide research on the SSMJ rock‐breaking mechanism and bit design for RJD.
Phase‐resolving direct numerical simulations of particle transport in liquids—From microfluidics to sediment
Authors: Fröhlich Jochen , Hafemann Thomas E. , Jain Ramandeep 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article describes direct numerical simulations using an Euler–Lagrange approach with an immersed‐boundary method to resolve the geometry and trajectory of particles moving in a flow. The presentation focuses on own work of the authors and discusses elements of physical and numerical modeling in some detail, together with three areas of application: microfluidic transport of spherical and nonspherical particles in curved ducts, flows with bubbles at different void fraction ranging from single bubbles to dense particle clusters, some also subjected to electro‐magnetic forces, and bedload sediment transport with spherical and nonspherical particles. These applications with their specific requirements for numerical modeling illustrate the versatility of the approach and provide condensed information about main findings.
Post‐entry internationalization speed, learning speed, and performance: A meta‐analytic review and theory extension
Authors: Huang Sheng , Ding Zhenkuo , Lin Xiaoman , Zhu Yunxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThe impact of post‐entry internationalization speed (PIS) on firm performance has become a central issue in global strategy research. This paper conducts a meta‐analysis concerning the relationships between two dimensions (i.e., international commitment speed and international scope speed) of PIS and performance, and the moderating effects of learning speed on these relationships among international firms. Empirical evidence from 60 independent samples reveals that international commitment speed positively influences performance, while international scope speed has an inverted U‐shaped impact on performance. Our results also indicate that learning speed negatively moderates the link between international commitment speed and performance, whereas it positively moderates the association between international scope speed and performance. Based on the findings, we discuss the contributions to the global strategy literature, organizational learning theory and time‐based competition view, and point at future research directions systematically.Managerial SummaryWe analyze the relationships between two types (i.e., international commitment speed and international scope speed) of post‐entry internationalization speed (PIS) and performance among international firms. We find that accelerating international commitment speed facilitates performance, while expediting international scope speed first facilitates and then inhibits performance. We also find that learning speed weakens the positive influence of international commitment speed on performance, whereas it strengthens the association between international scope speed and performance. These findings have important implications for managers in international firms seeking to achieve superior firm performance.
Acute portal hypertension using portal vein ligation abrogates TRAIL expression of liver‐resident NK cells
Authors: Imaoka Yuki , Sato Koki , Ohira Masahiro , Imaoka Kouki , Yano Takuya , Nakano Ryosuke , Tanaka Yuka , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The effects of acute portal hypertension (PHT), which is reported as poor prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, are not well known on the liver immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate how acute PHT influences the functions and characteristics of liver‐resident NK (lr‐NK) cells using an acute PHT mouse model. Acute PHT decreased the number of tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL+) lr‐NK cells by about 20% and attenuated cytotoxic activity against the Hepa1‐6 cell line by about 40%. Among various cytokine, only interleukin‐33 (IL‐33), which inhibits NK activity, significantly increased after portal vein ligation (PVL). Because lr‐NK cells highly expressed ST2/IL‐33R, IL‐33 co‐culture significantly suppressed TRAIL expression on lr‐NK cells by about 50%, and IL‐33 administration markedly decreased TRAIL expression and cytotoxic activity of lr‐NK cells. Furthermore, the TRAIL+ NK cells population was maintained by anti‐IL33 antibody or following portosystemic shunt procedure even after PVL. Finally, we demonstrated that IL‐33 decreased TRAIL expression in lr‐NK cells via AKT–forkhead box O (FoxO) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that PHT suppresses the TRAIL+ lr‐NK cell population and antitumor activities in the liver. Additionally, Akt‐FoxO and MAPK signaling pathways attenuate the TRAIL expression in lt‐NK cells via IL‐33 receptor in mice.
Recent Developments in the Applications of Biomass‐Derived Sulfonated Carbonaceous Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Kirdant Swapnali P. , Biradar Tamboli Asma T. , Jadhav Vrushali H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, carbon‐based materials are gaining a lot of attraction. It is considered as an emerging area of research and has gained significant importance as an efficient catalyst/material in various fields. Biomass is abundantly available, cheap and a renewable carbon resource. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalyst can be derived by sulfonation of various sources of biomass such as sugars, lignin, fruit waste, agro‐waste, bio‐char, etc. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts can be used as a substitute to liquid acids. These catalysts possess a stable carbon skeleton and are insoluble in almost all organic solvents as well as under acidic/basic conditions. This review covers details about biomass‐derived sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts and its catalytic activities in many important transformations such as hydrolysis of cellulose, synthesis of biodiesel, synthesis of various important chemicals and for various organic transformations.