bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Users' Perception of Comfort Experienced in Academic Buildings of Selected Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Sholanke A. B. , Ekhaese O. N. E. , Faleti M. O. , Ukaigwe K. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In architectural design, the level of comfort experienced in the spaces created serve as one of the units of measurement in assessing a complete design. In a country tropical climate such as Nigeria, indoor environmental conditions are primarily influenced by many factors, including lighting, ventilation, indoor air quality, sound quality and building materials employed. This study investigated users’ comfort satisfaction level in relation to environmental design consideration factors in academic buildings of selected universities in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, with a view to identify areas for improvement towards making contributions that will help to improve users’ satisfaction in the development of academic environments. The study adopted a quantitative research method that used a structured questionnaire to collect data from 291 respondents, out of which 271 are students and 19 are lecturers. The users’ sample size was drawn from the Department of Architecture students and lecturers of two selected universities in the study area. The data were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Product and Service Solutions software and presented descriptively with the aid of tables. The results showed that majority of the respondents in the selected universities attested to the adequacy of the four environmental design consideration factors investigated, with the factors recording various levels of adequacies. In few areas were the factors were inadequate, the foremost reason was the inadequacy of the indoor air quality, followed by that of lighting before ventilation. Also, daylighting in classrooms and ventilation in offices was found to be inadequate in one of the universities, while the inadequacy of ventilation in offices in the other university was significantly high. The study recommended that building industry designers should pay more attended to means of achieving adequate indoor air quality, lighting and ventilation in academic buildings, without compromising achieving adequacy of sound quality found to be generally satisfactory. The study has implications for policy formulation, designs and researches that strive towards meeting users’ comfort satisfaction level in the development of academic environments.
Application of Passive Cooling Principles in Selected Hotel Buildings in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: James M. E. , Fulani O. A. , Azoji C. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was initiated in response to the high energy consumption connected with tourism-related activities. Air conditioning uses the majority of the energy required, typically exceeding 40%. Hotels in the tropics have higher average annual energy use intensity (avg. EUI) rates than those in the temperate zones; Regardless of the climate zone, the highest category hotels (i.e., five-star hotels) have a higher energy use index. When their efficiency is assessed and understood to ensure continuous improvement in their energy conservation, hotel buildings will make a much greater contribution to energy management. The objective of this paper is to investigate the extent to which Passive Cooling Principles were applied in hotel buildings in Nigeria, and the impact of these principles on the selected hotels; towards assessing the achieved level of energy conservation. The study is limited to selected hotel buildings in Nigeria; and they were studied in-depth to determine their compliance levels to passive cooling principles. Non-participant observation was carried out to obtain are objective data. As Lagos State houses a larger number of the five-star hotels in the study population, two of the selected case studies were from this location; and the last was from Abuja, which represented the North and Central Region of the country. The sampling technique used for this research is purposive sampling. The Five-Star hotels were selected based on their star rating according to set standards that have been identified in Literature; and they include prominent hotels in both Lagos and Abuja. The application rate of 64% also creates a basis for determining the minimum application rate targeted for the five-star hotel design carried out along-side this paper; which is 75%. This relays the extent to which Passive Cooling Principles are applied in hotel buildings in Nigeria; and also provides a benchmark for future researches and designers that intend to implement or study Passive Cooling Principles.
Urban Forestry and Its Impact on the Health of Residents of Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State
Authors: Omotoye O. T. , Aduwo E. B. , Okunlola P. O. , Anjorin T. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In every environment, the presence or lack of urban forests impacts the built environment. Urban forestry, a branch of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI), refers to an urban framework in which individual trees and tree populations in urban settlements are cared for and also managed to promote the health and well-being of the occupants of the urban settlements. Urban forestry strongly posits that trees are an integral part of the urban setting. The urban forest is an urban green infrastructure system that largely contributes to multiple service sectors and functions in urban environments. Although the environmental advantages of urban forests have been realised, the essentiality of urban forests in learning environments and educational communities alike, few have been largely neglected in existing research. Therefore, this research paper aims to investigate the impact of urban forests on the mental health of residents of Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. Data for this research was collected through the use of structured questionnaires and field observation. The data collected was analysed through the use of the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results obtained from the analysis of collected data explicitly highlights the effects of urban forests in learning environments and their positive impact, on the mental health and overall wellbeing of the residents of the university community. This research endeavour recommended that more urban forests should be planned and put in place within built up environments to improve the stability of the eco-system and the overall wellbeing of the residents of that urban environment.
An Assessment of Management Knowledge, Skills and Abilities of Nigerian Architects: Towards a Sustainable Management in Architectural Practice
Authors: Kwami H. I. , Hassan B. , Mustapha F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Architecture is a profession and business outfit that is facing Management-related challenges at all levels. These problems manifest themselves in various forms ranging from inadequate curriculum coverage, insufficient literature, professional ineptitude, and leadership management competencies flaws to globalization challenges as well as low Architects population ratio among others. This paper assessed management-related knowledge, skills and abilities possessed by Nigerian Architects by using Relative Importance Index to determine areas that Nigerian Architects have competitive advantages or disadvantages. A structured survey questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale was administered to 122 randomly selected Architects, while descriptive statistical analysis provided answers to the research questions and hypothesis. Findings of the paper revealed that Nigerian Architects have Management know how in Design, Time and Project Managements but are lacking in Maintenance, Property and Enterprise Managements to bring about Sustainable Architectural Practice. The result of the study also upheld the null hypothesis that Management Knowledge, Skills and Abilities of Nigerian Architects does not depend on their Academic Qualifications but rejected the null hypothesis that Professional classifications of Nigerian Architects does not influence their Management Knowledge, Skills and Abilities. The paper concluded that Nigerian Architecture curriculum and practice are deficient in essential management knowhow to bring about sustainable Architectural Management practice in the country. The paper, therefore recommends that curriculum and practice of Architecture be rich in management theories and practices for a Sustainable Architectural practice in the country.
Access to Healthcare through Renewable Energy on Female Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria
Authors: Folarin Esther M. , Osabuohien Evans S. , Okodua Henry , Okafor Victoria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria, agriculture is a vital component of development and poverty reduction. The native population of Nigeria suffers a slew of challenges that stymie agricultural productivity. One aspect is the low level of female agricultural productivity, which is likewise dependent on other factors. The present level of agricultural output in the Nigerian economy in line with the level of demand necessary to meet the desired expectation of the Nigerian populace will continually pose a threat to the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially, SDG-2 (achieve food security through agricultural productivity). This reflects the possible relationship that renewable energy especially in the area of healthcare can have on female agricultural productivity, as considered in this study, which can be a major component of the total agricultural productivity of the Nigerian economy. Therefore, an improvement in female access to healthcare through the input of renewable energy is a possible determinant for an increase in total female agricultural productivity. Using wave 4 (2018/2019) of the Living Standard Measurement Studies, Integrated Survey on Agriculture, the impact of female access to healthcare on female agricultural output in Nigeria was investigated in this study (LSMS-ISA). In addition to other tactics, the study employs the propensity score matching technique for the other specified aims. The estimation result reveals that in Nigeria, there is a significant and positive association between female healthcare access made possible by renewable energy provision and female agricultural production.
Prediction of Wave Overtopping Characteristics at Coastal Flood Defences Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Systematic Rreview
Authors: Habib M. A. , O’Sullivan J.J. , Salauddin M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The assessment of coastal defences requires reliable prediction of mean overtopping discharges and acceptable overtopping rates for defined design conditions, an process of increasing importance given that global and regional climate change and associated sea level rises are becoming more acute. Prediction of overtopping discharge is usually computed from physical, analytical, and numerical models. However, the ongoing development of soft computing techniques now offer potential for rapid, relatively simple, and economically attractive methods for predicting overtopping. The application of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms has become increasingly prominent in models for estimating wave overtopping at flood defences. Here we review ML methods as tools for accurate prediction of overtopping and overtopping parameters. A systematic review of 32 publications, published between 2001 and 2021 (last twenty years), underpinned Decision Trees and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as the most popular ML methods as analysis of wave overtopping datasets. A comparison of estimates of overtopping and overtopping parameters using these models with those from commonly used (empirical) prediction models, highlights the potential of ML methods for these applications. The review, however, highlights important limitations of the methods and identifies future research needs that may serve as an impetus for further development of these ML algorithms for wave overtopping, particularly in applications characterised by complex geometrical configurations.
Effects of Seagrass Vegetation on Wave Runup Reduction – A Laboratory Study
Authors: Manousakas N , Salauddin M , Pearson J , Denissenko P , Williams H , Abolfathi S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increased intensity of extreme climatic events and natural hazards, combined with sea level rise due to global warming, has increased the vulnerability of nearshore and coastal regions to extreme flooding and erosion. The existing hard-engineered infrastructures for flood protection are mainly built from concrete with very high carbon emissions throughout their life cycle. In recent years, the application of nature-based solutions to tackle adverse climatic events has received attention. Nearshore vegetations such as salt marshes and mangroves have proven to attenuate incoming wave energy, thereby reducing wave runup and overtopping at coastal defences. The effectiveness of seagrass vegetation on wave runup attenuation remains less studied. The aim of this physical modelling study was to investigate the performance of prototype seagrass vegetations on wave runup reductions, for a wide range of wave conditions. Results of this study showed that the seagrass vegetation was effective in reducing wave runup on a ‘bare’ beach. It was found that the location of the vegetation patch within the surfzone and inner-surf zone can play a key role in wave energy dampening. The vegetation type, and packing density also play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of seagrass in wave energy mitigation.
The Impact of Eco-retrofitting on Coastal Resilience Enhancement – A Physical Modelling Study
Authors: Liu Nian , Salauddin Md , Yeganeh-Bakhtiari Abbas , Pearson Jonathan , Abolfathi Soroush 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent climate change studies highlight that the sea-level rise and increase in intensity and frequency of extreme climatic events and storm surges will result in catastrophic wave overtopping events from coastal defences. Retrofitting of the existing seawalls provides great potentials for enhancement of the climatic resilience in coastal region through overtopping attenuation. With increasing attention towards sustainable and low emission solutions for improving the resilience of critical infrastructures to natural hazards, providing coastal protection service is no longer the only concern of scientists, but the environmental impacts of such interventions also started to be considered. This paper presents a laboratory-scale investigation of ‘eco-retrofitting’ approaches including vertipools and reef breakwater for their impact on mitigating overtopping from seawall. The laboratory tests were conducted on a vertical seawall with 1(V):20(H) smooth foreshore. Each test was consisted of approximately 1000 pseudo-random waves based on JONSWAP spectrum. Both impulsive and non-impulsive wave conditions were tested. The plain vertical seawall was taken as the reference case, that exhibited an overall good agreement with empirical predictions, when compared to EurOtop. The analysis of data highlights the significance of the tested eco-interventions in mitigating wave overtopping volume, with approximately 70% reduction of mean the overtopping rate.
Bromelain and Papain from Organic Residues of Ananas Comosus and Carica Papaya
Authors: Casas J J , Baldeón G P , Canales V N , Camargo S D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Peru there are no minimization proposals for the large amount of organic waste discarded daily by economic activities such as in the case of the El Tambo food market. In the present work we use Ananas comosus and Carica papaya peels and seeds to obtain the enzymes bromelain and papain, using the protocol [1] with the following steps: obtaining the juice, enzymatic extraction with ethanol and NaCl, protein concentration and finally the enzymatic activity test is performed by coagulation. From 1 kilogram of residues, 0.3851g with ethanol and 2.123g with NaCl of lyophilized bromelain and 0.3172g with ethanol and 1.0032g with NaCl of lyophilized papain were obtained; it was observed that the treatments with NaCl allowed obtaining a greater amount of product. The tests showed that it is possible to obtain the enzymes from the peels of Ananas comosus and Carica papaya, which poses a possible alternative for the reuse of these residues as nutritional complements for food.
Mineralogy of agate gemstone in Quaternary deposits, Southeastern Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Soltan Basim H. , Mahdi Maher M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA mineral-geological study was conducted for the dispersion agate that spread on the surface of the Dibdibba desert within the border of Basrah Governorate -Southern Iraq. The collected stones were studied using polarized microscopy, XRD and EDX- SEM techniques to determine their mineral and chemical composition. Five types have been distinguished: white, colloidal, banded, cluster, and fleshy. It is believed that these stones are part of the gravels that are included in the components of clastics Dibdibba Formation, it forming resulting of the erosion of the igneous and metamorphic rocks that related to Arabian Shield, which were moved by torrential waters and seasonal floods to long distances and cumulated in that area. Several mechanical operations affected these stones like crushing, sorting, and polishing which contributed to their appearance and exposure on the surface of the earth.
Assessment of Radon gas concentration in Tap water supply of Haditha Town / west Al-Anbar Governorate / Iraq
Authors: Al-Paruany Kamal B. , Al-Hadiathy Abdul-Hameed A. , Abdul Eman H. , Abass Ali , Abd Amer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current study was performed to estimate Radon concentration in the tap water and annual effective dose in 22 water samples from three districts in Haditha city (Haditha center, Haqlaniyah and Barowana) in addition to Euphrates river. the results show that overall concentration of radon 226 in drinking water in Haditha city was ranged (0.0091 – 0.031 Bq L−1). Also, the annual effective dose of radon 226 was calculated, The highest was 0.113166 μSv/y, while the lowest was 0.03322 μSv/y. The rank order of drinking water resources in Haditha region based on the concentration of radon 226 was Euphrates river > Haditha > Barwana > Haglanyah. The overall concentration of radon 226 in drinking water in Haditha city was lower than WHO and EPA standard limits.
Monitoring desertification in the Euphrates region south Iraq using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Al-Jarrah Omar B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although Euphrates regions are very important agricultural areas, the land fertility declined due to drought episodes of desertification. Sand dunes developed into Euphrates areas and salinity increased, Landsat satellite images for years 1972, 1984, 1990, 2002, 2016 where used to study such changes and match for all records to identify negative phenomena. Separated layers and its spatial area for each year showed expansion of desertification (29%) during the period 1972 – 2002 as a result of wind come from two major sand resources areas on the other hand, period 2002 – 2016 witnessed a low of rate about 7% desertification due to the invasion of the Ahwar (swamps) by water that partly cover sand areas, salinity increased up to 21% on river banks and places of shallow groundwater with high evaporation, Gravel covering is a highly recommended to prevent soil erosion and dune development, about salinity must establish an active drainage channels for all area.
Microfacies and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Saadi Formation within the sequences of the (Torunian - Santonian) cycle in Balad and Tikrit / Salah al-Din Governorate / Iraq
Authors: Omar Omar M. , Hassan Faris N. , Saleh Abdulsalam M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current study included a study of the microfacies and sequence stratigraphy of Saadi Formation in two subsurface sections within the Balad and Tikrit oilfields, the first represented (Ba-5) with a thickness of (120) m, and the second section (TK-6) the thickness of this formation (270))m. The formation under study consisted of chalk limestone sequences with the layers of marley limestone, the study showed that the lower bounder is compatible with the of Tanuma Formation in both sections, while the upper bounder is conformable with the Mashura Formation within well (Ba-5) and is unconformable with the Hartha Formation in a well (TK-6).
Petrographic study showed the presence of many microfacies at divided into five main microfacies and six submicrofacies Lime mudstone microfacies, Lime wackstone microfacies divided to (Calcispheres lime wackestone and Rotalid lime wackestone submicrofacies), Lime packestone microfacies divided to (keeled planktonic foraminiferal lime packstone, Hedbergella lime packstone, Calcispheres lime packstone and Rotalid lime packstone submicrofacies), lime grainstone microfacies and crystalline microfacies. Depending on microfacise the paleoenvironment of formation extended from slope, open marina, deep shelf and deep sea.
The sequence stratigraphy defined of study divide to the sequences into sets, and each sets represents a sedimentary cycle that event a rise and fall in sea level during a certain period of time, the formation in well (Ba-5) compound one sequence and well (TK-6) consist three sequence, the sequence begins with the sequence boundary of (Type-2) and after the transgression system tract (TST) it deposit by Retrogadation and the upper surface of this tract represented by the Maximum Flood Surface (MFS), followed high stand system tract (HST) deposited in progradation pattern, which is characterized by a gradual decrease in sea level and a shallowing sedimentary environment. The presence of three sequence cycles through the Tk-6 well is due to the fact that the Tikrit field is shallower than the Balad field of sedimentation and is located at the edges of the deeper part of the sedimentary basin and the beginning of the shallowing, which is affected more The processes of marine Transgression, where the final report of the well (Tk-6) showed that the succession of shallow sedimentary facies with deep facies as shown, indicating the instability of the substratum and its significant impact on tectonic movements.
Abnormality of geothermal gradients in Iraqi western desert inferred from borehole temperatures
Authors: Abdula Rzger A. , Al-Zubedi Ahmed Srdah , Hashmi Hedayat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geothermal gradient is an important tool in petroleum exploration and critical to several reservoir evaluations. Borehole Temperature data from 14 wells are utilized to find the geothermal tendency of the Western Desert in Iraq. The discrepancies in geothermal gradients throughout the area are a consequence of variability of sediment’s thermal conductivity, direction of groundwater flow, fault pattern, and heat generation. High value converts liquid hydrocarbon to dry gas and low value will not help organic matter to reach maturity level. The lowest gradient within the units above Palaeozoic Era’s section is 12.2 °C/km for well KH-9/7 in the eastern part of the area and the highest is 31.3 °C/km for well KH-5/4 in the middle part of the region. Whereas, the highest geothermal gradient which is 61.0 °C/km within the Palaeozoic section is recorded within Akkas Formation in 2100-2350 m subsurface. The mean geothermal gradient in Western Desert is 26 °C/km within the units younger than the Palaeozoic, but this average rises up to 40 °C/km within Palaeozoic units due to existence of Silurian hot shales and heat flow from the Proterozoic section especially from Halaban Group andesites.