bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding and modeling finger vascular pattern imaging
Authors: Normakristagaluh Pesigrihastamadya , Laanstra Geert Jan , Spreeuwers Luuk , Veldhuis Raymond 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, new insights in the near infrared imaging process used in finger‐vein recognition by developing a physical model are presented. A realistic phantom finger that mimics the living human finger and also includes veins has been developed to validate this model. NIR phantom finger images show that the phantom can emulate the optical properties of a living human finger and can provide ground truth for the locations of the veins. Through physical modeling, it is particularly learned that—besides blood and soft tissue—bone also plays an important role in generating reliable NIR finger‐vein images.
DC‐link capacitor current observation based stability enhancement control for back‐to‐back converter
Authors: Jiang Yuxia , Tian Yanjun , Li Yonggang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents a stability enhancement control scheme applied in the three‐phase back‐to‐back (BTB) converters with L filter. The stability enhancement control scheme is concocted using the feedback of DC‐link capacitor current without additional sensors. Both grid‐side converters are equipped with this control scheme, which can also be called the coordinated compensation control scheme. In this article, DC terminal impedance models of two converters before and after optimization and stability criterion are introduced. Furthermore, means of impedance analysis, including Bode plot and Nyquist curve, are discussed to categorize the causes of BTB converter instability caused by the increased power. The coordinated scheme is compared with the conventional scheme for revealing the theoretical basis. The proposed method is capable of optimizing the disturbance suppression capability of DC‐link voltage, which would potentially reduce capacitor volume and physical size of the DC‐link. The impedance‐based stability analysis indicates that the controllability and stability of the BTB converter is enhanced with the proposed DC‐link capacitor current coordinated control. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Moreover, for further validation, the feasibility of the coordinated control scheme is verified with the experimental results.
Hierarchical coordinated adaptive droop control for hybrid HVDC with cascaded multi‐infeed MMC inverters
Authors: Zhao Jingbo , Tao Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe hybrid HVDC with cascaded multi‐infeed MMC inverters will be put into reality soon in China, but its MMC inverter in constant DC voltage control would become a rectifier when disturbance happens. Thus, to solve such problem and enhance the stabilities, the adaptive droop control is proposed for MMC inverters and a hierarchical coordinated adaptive strategy is designed, which are realized through three parts. The first coordinated strategy is to maintain the inverter side DC voltage in constant by shifting the MMC inverters’ droop curves, such that the operation variation will not change the DC voltage in droop control, where the power transferred by the hybrid HVDC would be varied if voltage deviation occurs; the second part is to realize MMC inverters’ accurate power control considering the practical project and power dispatch, which is achieved through the droop control reference adjustment. Based on the above coordinated strategies, the third strategy is designed to make MMC inverters and LCC rectifiers coordinate with each other for the power fluctuates and fault situations, which is used to avoid inverters’ overload operation. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy finally.
Virtual oscillator‐based methods for grid‐forming inverter control: A review
Authors: Azizi Aghdam Sima , Agamy Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn inverter‐dominant power systems, grid‐forming (GFM) inverters regulate voltage and frequency. To construct GFM inverters, conventionally, various control methods based on synchronous machine emulation or droop characteristics have been employed. However, recently, inverters are regulated by Virtual Oscillator Control (VOC) to emulate the dynamics of a weakly nonlinear oscillators. In contrast to droop control, VOC is a time‐domain controller that enables interconnected inverters to stabilize arbitrary initial conditions to a synchronized sinusoidal limit cycle rapidly. The fast synchronization, accurate power sharing in grid‐connected and islanded modes, simple and robust implementation make it a promising candidate for inverter‐dominant power systems. Moreover, VOC removes the computational burden within machine emulation‐based methods and provides an approach to measure the frequency without employing phase‐locked loop (PLL). Hence, to leverage the advantages of this method and expand its application in power system control, this paper reviews different VOC implementations. Mainly, this paper focuses on the studies related to the fundamental theory of oscillators and design process. Additionally, there are discussions on the stability analysis of VOC‐based systems, harmonics and pre‐synchronization. Challenges on the compatibility with heterogeneous controllers, fault ride‐through and other limitations of VOC including non‐inertial response and coupled power control are investigated and solutions are outlined.
Anatomical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected lambs
Authors: Thomas Myriam , Aubert Dominique , Escotte-Binet Sandie , Durand Benoît , Robert Céline , Geers Régine , Alliot Annie , Belbis Guillaume , Villena Isabelle , Blaga Radu 
Published: February 2022

Consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts is one of the main sources of infection for humans worldwide. Among the various species intended for human consumption, sheep appear to be a high risk for human infection. The present study focused on the detailed anatomical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected lambs using fresh and frozen samples of various pieces of meat, from a public health perspective. The first objective was to rank the edible parts intended for human consumption according to the detectable parasite burden by real-time PCR targeting the 529-bp repeated element. The second objective was to evaluate the impact of freezing by comparing the detection efficiency of the quantitative PCR between fresh and frozen tissues, as imports of lamb carcasses/cuts may arrive frozen or chilled. The highest estimated parasite loads were observed in skeletal muscles, and more particularly in edible portions such as quadriceps femoris muscle, intercostal muscles, deltoid muscle and diaphragm, with a significant difference in detectable parasite burden between fresh and frozen samples (p < 0.0001) or natural and experimental infection (p < 0.0001). Thoracic and pelvic limbs (3278–1048 parasites/g muscle) were ranked at the top of the list. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in all the edible parts of lamb studied. These results suggest that lamb meat represents a risk for consumers. Further investigations are needed in order to confirm these differences in larger numbers of animals and in different breeds.
Les troubles du comportement dans l’autisme : moyen d’expression de la douleur ?
Authors: Sourty Arnaud 
Published: February 2022

Parler de trouble du comportement chez une personne « autiste » peut prêter à confusion. En effet les comportements non ordinaires sont fréquents chez ces personnes.
Une modification de comportements habituels, en fréquence ou en intensité; des comportements pouvant présenter des risques pour la personne ou son entourage font suspecter une souffrance qu’il convient d’évaluer afin de pouvoir la prendre en charge au mieux. La fréquence sous-estimée de pathologies somatiques et leur retard de prise en charge entraînent souvent des douleurs dont la seule expression peut être un trouble majeur du comportement ou un retrait inquiétant.
Dans les cas de personnes n’ayant pas le langage, ou un langage fonctionnel limité (de type écholalique par exemple), ayant aussi des particularités sensorielles, il est utile d’avoir recours à des outils d’hétéro-évaluation de la douleur [1].
Il s’agit de rendre lisible le visible [11].
Troubles mentaux liés au Covid-19, au Japon, en 2020
Authors: Kato Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

Le déclenchement, en décembre 2019, à Wuhan, de la pandémie due au Covid-19, et sa propagation rapide, a constitué, pour la population mondiale, un événement d’une intensité extrême. Les répercussions sur la santé mentale ont été considérables avec l’apparition et l’aggravation de troubles mentaux. Ce phénomène perdure encore aujourd’hui, en juillet 2021.À partir d’observations cliniques recueillies entre janvier et décembre 2020, l’auteur commence par détailler quelques cas de stress chroniques, ainsi que des cas de psychoses. Parmi les troubles mentaux qui sont régulièrement provoqués par des changements dans la vie sociale, par exemple la privation d’interactions personnelles avec autrui, on remarque en particulier le trouble anxieux et dépressif mixte. Parmi les cas de dépression psychotique, on observe souvent un délire hypocondriaque : le patient est alors convaincu d’être contaminé par le coronavirus, avec « délire de porter préjudice » : il a la conviction de contaminer par le virus son entourage, notamment familial.Enfin, l’auteur a remarqué une baisse du nombre des suicides entre janvier et juin 2020, suivie par une hausse entre juillet et décembre 2020; cette fluctuation semble aussi imputable à l’épidémie.
Die gestrandeten Kranken: Langzeitpatientinnen und -patienten in psychiatrischen Fachkrankenhäusern und Abteilungen
Authors: Bramesfeld Anke , Konrad Carsten , Renner Stefan , Zilles-Wegner David , Wedegartner Felix 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungEntgegen erklärter Psychiatriepolitik berichten psychiatrische Kliniken über Patient*innen, die obwohl die Therapie abgeschlossen ist, über Monate im Krankenhaus verweilen.
Ziel Quantifizieren des Problems.
Methode Stichtagsbefragung aller pflichtversorgenden Erwachsenenpsychiatrien (EP, n = 27) und Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrien (KJP, n = 11) in Niedersachsen. Definition Langzeitpatient*in: Verweildauer von mindestens 6 Monaten nach Therapieende.
Ergebnis 13 EP berichten 60 Dauerpatient*innen. Mediane Verweildauer 9,5, Maximum 215 Monate. Eine KJP-Klinik mit 2 Patientinnen. Gründe für die Langzeitaufenthalte waren unter anderem herausforderndes Verhalten und als Folge die Schwierigkeit, eine aufnehmende Langzeiteinrichtung zu finden.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Es fehlen Langzeitunterbringungsmöglichkeiten für psychisch kranke Menschen mit herausforderndem Verhalten sowie eine regionale zwischen psychiatrischer Klinik und stationärer Eingliederungshilfe existiert nicht oder kommt durch fehlende Verbindlichkeit an seine Grenzen.
Shunt Dependence after Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Intraventricular Fibrinolysis with uPA versus rt-PA
Authors: Covrig Raul-Ciprian , Schellinger Peter D. , Glahn Joerg , Alomari Ali , Schmieder Kirsten , Wiese M. , Knappe Ulrich Johannes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background We compare the effect of urokinase (urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA]) versus alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator [rt-PA]) for intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) dependence, functional outcome, and complications in the management of IVH.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the patients admitted with IVH or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with IVH within 7 years in three different departments and found 102 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The primary end points were VPS dependence and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months. Secondary end points were rate of rebleeding under IVF and incidence of treatment-related complications. Patients were divided into three groups: group I comprised patients treated with external ventricular drain (EVD) and IVF with uPA; group II comprised patients treated with EVD and IVF with rt-PA; and group III comprised patients treated with EVD alone.
Results In all, 9.8% patients needed VPS: 12.2% in group I and 15.0% in group II, with no statistically significant difference. VPS patients had higher values of the modified Graeb score (mGS), IVH score, and IVH volume. We saw a trend for a better outcome in group II, with six patients achieving a GOS of 4 or 5 after 3 months. The mortality rate was higher in groups I and III. We found no statistical difference in the complication rate between groups I and II. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher mGS and age predicted worse prognosis concerning mortality. The risk for death rose by 7.8% for each year of age. Any additional mGS point increased the chances of death by 9.7%.
Conclusion Our data suggest that both uPA and rt-PA are safe and comparable regarding incidence of communicating hydrocephalus, and age and mGS are predictive for mortality.
Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression on Cardiovascular Responses in Preeclampsia
Authors: Herur Anita , Aithala Manjunatha , Das Kusal K. , Mallapur Ashalata , Hegde Rajat , Kulkarni Suyamindra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To assess the influence of oxidative stress on the gene expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS 3 and NOS 2) and, hence, the cardiovascular responses in preeclampsia.
Methods This was a case control study in which patients with preeclampsia (PE group) and normal pregnancy controls (NP group) were included according to the guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated, and the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. The gene profiling of NOS3 and NOS2 was performed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test, and values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results The serum levels of malondialdehyde were increased (p < 0.0001), and the total antioxidant capacity was reduced in the PE group (p = 0.034), indicating oxidative stress. In the PE group, the mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (p < 0.0001), but the serum levels of NO did not show a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.20). The gene expression profiling of NOS3 and NOS2 revealed a down regulation in the PE group by 8.49 and 51.05 times respectively.
Conclusion Oxidative stress may lead to endothelial dysfunction, which could result in increased mean arterial pressure. Nitric oxide may play a role in this mechanism, but interactions with other vasoactive /biological substances cannot be overlooked, as the gene expression of NOS3 and NOS2 has been reduced.
On the discourse pragmatics of German wh-headlines
Authors: Finkbeiner Rita , Külpmann Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with autonomous uses of German subordinate wh-interrogatives as headlines, so-called wh-headlines (e.g.Was Kinder brauchen, ‘What children need’), which we approach from a discourse-pragmatic and diachronic perspective. We take our starting point in the QUD-based, discourse-pragmatic model of interrogatives as proposed by Rosemeyer (this issue). Applying this model, first, to the case of wh-headlines in present-day news discourse, we develop the hypothesis that a writer in using a wh-headline may explicitly introduce an implicit QUD into discourse without posing it as an information-seeking question. In a second step, we assess this hypothesis with respect to the use of wh-headlines in various genres from the Middle High German and Early New High German periods, for which we provide three in-depth case studies. The case studies are contextualized against the backdrop of reflections on potential impact factors in the diachronic evolvement of this particular writing practice. Overall, the results of our study can be taken to lend support to our hypothesis also for genres other than news discourse and for time periods other than modern German.
Return migrants from the United States to Mexico
Authors: Jacobo Suárez Mónica L. , Despagne Colette I. , Chávez Guadalupe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article examines Mexican return migrants belonging to the 1.5 generation of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. Our analysis disaggregates the notions that these return migrants have regarding “being Mexican” and speaking Spanish after spending most of their lives in the U.S. Building on critical citizenship theories (Isin 2008, 2009), specifically on the concepts of status, habitus, and acts, we analyze how these return migrants experience and build notions of citizenship in Mexico while they develop additional linguistic repertoires in Spanish and acquire basic knowledge of Mexican culture. Our findings suggest that return migrants go through various simultaneous learning processes to acquire Mexican habitus in Mexico even though they acquire formal citizenship. This learning process we argue occurs amidst multiple social, linguistic, and cultural tensions that trigger important acts of (linguistic) citizenship through which returnees found their own definition of what it means to be “Mexican”.
Hamiltonian formalism for cosmological perturbations: the separate-universe approach
Authors: Artigas Danilo , Grain Julien , Vennin Vincent 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The separate-universe approach provides an effective description of cosmological perturbations at large scales, where the universe can be described by an ensemble of independent, locally homogeneous and isotropic patches.
By reducing the phase space to homogeneous and isotropic degrees of freedom, it greatly simplifies the analysis of large-scale fluctuations. It is also a prerequisite for the stochastic-inflation formalism.
In this work, we formulate the separate-universe approach in the Hamiltonian formalism, which allows us to analyse the full phase-space structure of the perturbations. Such a phase-space description is indeed required in dynamical regimes which do not benefit from a background attractor, as well as to investigate quantum properties of cosmological perturbations.
We find that the separate-universe approach always succeeds in reproducing the same phase-space dynamics for homogeneous and isotropic degrees of freedom as the full cosmological perturbation theory, provided that the wavelength of the modes under consideration are larger than some lower bound that we derive. We also compare the separate-universe approach and cosmological perturbation theory at the level of the gauge-matching procedure, where the agreement is not always guaranteed and requires specific matching prescriptions that we present.
Role of Topocentric Parallax in Near-Earth Object Initial Orbit Determination
Authors: Zhai Chengxing , Shao Michael , Saini Navtej S. , Choi Philip , Trahan Russell , Nazli Kutay , Zhan Max , Evans Nez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Near-Earth Object (NEO) initial orbit determination typically uses astrometric measurements during a close approach over a time window much shorter than the orbital period of the NEO. The initial orbit is only weakly determined with dominant uncertainties in the distance of the NEO from the Earth. Topocentric astrometric measurements allow us to estimate NEO distances using observed nonlinear motions of the NEOs relative to observers, which come from the relative orbital motion of the NEOs to the Earth plus the topocentric parallax (parallax) from the diversity of observatory locations relative to the Earth center. We calculate the ratio of the contributions to the nonlinear motion from the relative orbital motion and the parallax to be approximately (TΔ/(day au))2, where T is the arc length measured in days and Δ is the distance of close approach. The dominant nonlinear motion for ranging the NEO comes from the relative orbital motion of the NEO to the Earth center, due to mainly the differential solar gravitational acceleration, when TΔ ≳ 1 day au and the parallax when TΔ ≲ 1 day au. This is confirmed by simulation data and supported by observational data of real NEOs. In the regime TΔ ≲ 1 day au, the orbit determination uncertainties are inversely proportional to the amplitude of the parallax. Introducing diversities of hour angles and observatory latitudes (especially alternating between extreme values) into scheduled follow-up observations can improve the parallax amplitude, thus the orbit accuracy. Most of the newly discovered NEOs are in this regime, we recommend optimizing parallax by properly scheduling observations when the NEO is very close to the Earth and using synthetic tracking to improve astrometry accuracy for initial orbit determination.
A study on the radon removal performance of low background activated carbon
Authors: Chen Y.Y. , Zhang Y.P. , Liu Y. , Liu J.C. , Guo C. , Zhang P. , Qiu S.K. , Yang C.G. , Tang Q. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Radon and radon daughters pose significant backgrounds to
rare-event searching experiments. Activated carbon, which has very
strong adsorption capacity for radon, can be used for radon removal
and radon enrichment. The internal 226Ra concentration
ultimately limits its radon enrichment ability. In order to measure
the intrinsic background and study the radon adsorption capability
of Saratech activated carbon at various temperatures, a
radon-emanation measurement system with a high-sensitivity radon
detector and an adsorption-performance research-system have been
developed. In this paper, a 0.71 mBq/m3 high-sensitivity radon
detector and measurement details of the radon-adsorption capability
of Saratech activated carbon at low temperature will be presented.
A Scoping Review of Gender, Sex and Sexuality Differences in Polysubstance Use in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Goodwin Shelby R , Moskal Dezarie , Marks Russell M , Clark Ashton E , Squeglia Lindsay M , Roche Daniel J O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Polysubstance use is a common, problematic behavior that increases risk of harm to self and others. Research suggests that rates may vary based on gender, sex and sexuality. Understanding the current state of this literature may inform prevention and treatment of polysubstance use, leading to reduced public health burden.

Objectives
This review aimed to synthesize research on gender, sex and sexuality differences in polysubstance use in adults and adolescents.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using all EBSCO databases, PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles examining the effects of gender, sex and sexuality on polysubstance use. Polysubstance use was defined broadly as the use of any combination of substances over any time period and included licit (alcohol, tobacco) and illicit substances, concurrent and simultaneous use, from lifetime to daily use and use at any frequency. Studies were considered if they were published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 and October 2020 and were written in English. Publicly available data sources were also utilized to fully capture prevalence data that has not been published elsewhere.

Results
Findings were mostly inconsistent and often conflicting. Only two findings were generally consistent: adult men were overall more likely to report polysubstance use than adult women, and sexual and gender minorities report more frequent polysubstance use than non-minorities.

Conclusions
Research has been unable to clearly elucidate differences in polysubstance use prevalence and patterns according to gender, sex and sexuality. Several recommendations are offered to advance future research and address limitations of current research.