bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the impact: new insights into flood-borne large wood collisions with river structures using an isolated sensor-unit
Authors: Spreitzer Gabriel , Ravazzolo Diego , Tunnicliffe Jon , Friedrich Heide 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge Wood (LW) transported during floods or channelized mass flows poses a high risk for engineered structures, often leading to significant damage or total failure of the impacted structure. To date little is known about impact magnitudes caused by LW collisions. To better control for such interactions, a better understanding of transport dynamics and impact forces is required. The present laboratory study employs state-of-the-art sensor units installed in scaled logs to capture acceleration data from collisions of waterborne LW with 2 in-stream structures—bridge pier and retention structure—each providing different examples of rigid engineered systems. Through precise measurements of acceleration and impact duration (stopping time), the resultant impact forces of LW collisions can be calculated. Here, for the first time, impact forces were quantified in a scaled stream environment based on the inertial frame of the object causing the impact, rather than the more commonly used instrumented structure approach. High-resolution accelerometer measurements were compared to conventional analytical (force balance) approaches. They revealed the need for accurate inertia measurements to appropriately account for prevailing hydraulic flow conditions and the effects of LW interactions in fluvial environments. Although log velocity and stopping time are crucial parameters for assessing LW impact forces, accurate measurements are still elusive due to limitations in available sensing techniques. By presenting proof-of-concept results, this study contributes to an improved understanding of LW impact forces during floods. Based on these encouraging results, we recommend more sensor-based field studies in future, needed for the design of resilient structures.
Scientization Under Pressure—The Problematic Role of Expert Bodies During the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Christensen Tom , Lægreid Per 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the role of experts in the Norwegian decision-making process in central government during the crisis management of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a structural-instrumental and a cultural perspective. The main findings are that managing the pandemic led to a centralization of power in the hands of the political leadership, a blurring of the dichotomy between politics and administration, and a variety of expert advice. The crisis management also reflected the cultural appropriateness of a collaborative decision-making style, but it was not characterized by a scientization of policymaking. Rather than policymaking by experts it was policymaking informed by experts.
Effects of hydrophilic coated catheters on urethral trauma, microtrauma and adverse events with intermittent catheterization in patients with bladder dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Xi , Liu Yuwei , Liang Shiqi , Li Ka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hydrophilic coated catheters are recommended to reduce the side effects of intermittent catheterization (IC) in patients with bladder dysfunction. However, there is lack of Level one evidence to support the use of this intervention.

Search methods
Several electronic databases were systematically searched to evaluate complication incidences for hydrophilic coated (HC) and non-hydrophilic catheters (NHC).

Results
Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The meta-analyses exploring microscopic hematuria frequencies (RR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.90) and urethral stricture frequencies (RR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.13–0.60) showed a lower risk ratio associated with HC in comparison to NHC, whereas gross hematuria was no statistically significant difference in two groups. Subgroup analyses of gross hematuria which was grouped according to "catheterization frequency", "single/multiple catheterization" and "self/other catheterization” were performed and the values of combined RR were also no statistically significant difference.

Conclusions
Compared with non-hydrophilic catheters, the hydrophilic coated catheters have positive significance in reducing the incidence of urethral microtrauma and the urethral stricture. However, more studies are warranted for evaluating effects of hydrophilic coated catheters on the incidence of gross hematuria.
Die Weltsicht der „working rich“ – Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen und Legitimierungsstrategien von arbeitenden Vermögenserb:innen
Authors: Quinz Hannah 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungWährend soziale Mobilität nach dem meritokratischen Leistungsprinzip abnimmt, gewinnt die soziale Herkunft zunehmend an Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig ist Vermögen enorm ungleich verteilt und wird innerhalb vermögender Familien durchinter vivosSchenkungen und Erbschaften weitergegeben. So entsteht ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem gesellschaftlich dominanten Leistungsprinzip und einer dem Statusprinzip entsprechenden Vermögenserbschaft. Dieser Beitrag stellt daher die Frage, wie „working rich“ ihr Vermögen vor dem Hintergrund der Deutung ihrer Lebensgeschichte in der Leistungsgesellschaft legitimieren und welche Gerechtigkeitsvorstellung sie verinnerlicht haben. Feinstruktur- und Themenanalysen von sieben problemzentrierten Interviews sowie eine Typenbildung führen zu den zentralen Erkenntnissen dieser Arbeit. Ein Typus löst den Widerspruch durch „leistungsorientierte Abwertung“ auf, indem die Klassenherkunft abgewertet und Leistung nur an Erfolg bemessen wird. Der Typus „statusorientierte Wohltätigkeit“ würdigt die eigene Klassenherkunft durch eine angemessene Lebensführung und Philanthropie und knüpft Leistung an den sozialen Status. Beide Typen legitimieren ihre privilegierte Position und tragen zur Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheiten bei. Die unterschiedlichen Legitimierungsstrategien haben jedoch unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für zentrale, solidarische Grundhaltungen.
Die vielseitigen Sichtweisen auf das Erleben aussagepsychologischer Begutachtung bei sexualisierter Gewalt – eine qualitative Fokusgruppenstudie
Authors: Schoon Wiebke 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungAussagepsychologische Begutachtungen spielen in straf- und sozialrechtlichen Prozessen im Zusammenhang mit Straftaten gegen die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung eine bedeutsame Rolle. Die Durchführung einer Begutachtung kann dabei als belastend erlebt werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, verschiedene Perspektiven zum Erleben von Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung darzustellen und im Zusammenhang mit Bewältigungsprozessen Betroffener sexualisierter Gewalt zu untersuchen. Es erfolgte die Durchführung von insgesamt 3 Fokusgruppen mit Fachexpert:innen (n = 12) unterschiedlichen interdisziplinären und persönlichen Hintergrundes. Die qualitativ-inhaltsanalytische Auswertung zeigt, dass Fachexpert:innen verschiedene Quellen für individuelles Belastungserleben im Rahmen von straf- und sozialrechtlichen Verfahren und im Zusammenhang mit der Durchführung einer Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung identifizieren. Neben dem inhärent kritisch nachfragenden Charakter des Verfahrens stellen u. a. das Erinnern an lang zurückliegende Erlebnisse für betroffene Personen eine Herausforderung dar. Ferner benannten Fokusgruppenteilnehmende strafprozessuale Faktoren wie Verfahrensdauer und unzureichende Informationsweitergabe zu individuellen Verfahrensabläufen als hinderlich für eine Bewältigung von Erfahrungen sexualisierter Gewalt. Um Belastungen für Betroffene sexualisierter Gewalt zu reduzieren, sprachen sich die Fachexpert:innen für eine systematische Professionalisierung der Justiz durch Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildungen von Richter:innen, Polizist:innen und Jurist:innen, eine Verbesserung der Aussageerfassung und eine Verwendung neutralerer Begrifflichkeiten im Zusammenhang mit Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung aus. Implikationen für die Praxis und zukünftige Forschungsvorhaben werden diskutiert.
High-Speed Imaging of the Ultrasonic Deagglomeration of Carbon Nanotubes in Water
Authors: Xu Zhuocheng , Tonry Catherine , Beckwith Christopher , Kao Andrew , Wong Hayley , Shaffer Milo S. P. , Pericleous Koulis , Li Qianqian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltrasonic treatment is effective in deagglomerating and dispersing nanoparticles in various liquids. However, the exact deagglomeration mechanisms vary for different nanoparticle clusters, owing to different particle geometries and inter-particle adhesion forces. Here, the deagglomeration mechanisms and the influence of sonotrode amplitude during ultrasonication of multiwall carbon nanotubes in de-ionized water were studied by a combination of high-speed imaging and numerical modeling. Particle image velocimetry was applied to images with a higher field of view to calculate the average streaming speeds distribution. These data allowed direct comparison with modeling results. For images captured at higher frame rates and magnification, different patterns of deagglomeration were identified and categorized based on different stages of cavitation zone development and for regions inside or outside the cavitation zone. The results obtained and discussed in this paper can also be relevant to a wide range of carbonaceous and other high aspect ratio nanomaterials.
Gender Bias and Conversational Agents: an ethical perspective on Social Robotics
Authors: Fossa Fabio , Sucameli Irene 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe increase in the spread of conversational agents urgently requires to tackle the ethical issues linked to their design. In fact, developers frequently include in their products cues that trigger social biases in order to maximize the performance and the quality of human-machine interactions. The present paper discusses whether and to what extent it is ethically sound to intentionally trigger gender biases through the design of virtually embodied conversational agents. After outlining the complex dynamics involving social biases, social robots, and design, we evaluate the ethics of integrating gender cues in conversational agents, analysing four different approaches to the problem. Finally, we suggest which approach in our opinion might have the best chances to reduce the negative effects of biases and discriminatory visions of gender dynamics.
Age-Dependent Increase in Schmidt-Lanterman Incisures and a Cadm4-Associated Membrane Skeletal Complex in Fatty Acid 2-hydroxylase Deficient Mice: a Mouse Model of Spastic Paraplegia SPG35
Authors: Jordans Silvia , Hardt Robert , Becker Ivonne , Winter Dominic , Wang-Eckhardt Lihua , Eckhardt Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPNS and CNS myelin contain large amounts of galactocerebroside and sulfatide with 2-hydroxylated fatty acids. The underlying hydroxylation reaction is catalyzed by fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H). Deficiency in this enzyme causes a complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, SPG35, which is associated with leukodystrophy. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of purified myelin isolated from sciatic nerves ofFa2h-deficient (Fa2h−/−) mice revealed an increase in the concentration of the three proteins Cadm4, Mpp6 (Pals2), and protein band 4.1G (Epb41l2) in 17-month-old, but not in young (4 to 6-month-old),Fa2h−/−mice. These proteins are known to form a complex, together with the protein Lin7, in Schmidt-Lanterman incisures (SLIs). Accordingly, the number of SLIs was significantly increased in 17-month-old but not 4-month-oldFa2h−/−mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. On the other hand, the relative increase in the SLI frequency was less pronounced than expected from Cadm4, Lin7, Mpp6 (Pals2), and band 4.1G (Epb41l2) protein levels. This suggests that the latter not only reflect the higher SLI frequency but that the concentration of the Cadm4 containing complex itself is increased in the SLIs or compact myelin ofFa2h−/−mice and may potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The proteome data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030244.
The VIVA Sustainable Work Engagement Model: A Conceptual Introduction and Preliminary Test Over Three Years
Authors: Ignjatovic Cedomir , Kern Margaret L. , Oades Lindsay G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVital engagement has been described as a focused, meaningful, and active relationship with work across one’s lifetime (Nakamura, 2001, 2014). Theoretically, vital engagement goes beyond short-term interest and engagement in one’s work, representing instead an ongoing, homeostatic sense of engagement that sustainably occurs across years and decades. However, it is unclear how vital engagement manifests in the modern workplace. In the footsteps of Nakamura (2014), we present the VIVA model, which conceptualizes sustainable work engagement as comprised of four mutually reinforcing elements: virtue, involvement, vitality, and acceptance. We first describe the rationale and conceptual underpinnings of the model. Then, we provide a preliminary empirical test of the model using archival data collected from a panel of school staff (N = 327) assessed five times over a three year period. Based on available data, the VIVA domains were operationalized as strengths use, work-related flow experiences, subjective vitality, and a sense of meaning in life. Using structural equation modelling, results provided preliminary support for the hypothesized model, which was relatively stable over time despite changes and challenges occurring in the school. The construct was strongly correlated with but distinct from other wellbeing measures. Although additional testing with measures that specifically align with the four theoretical dimensions is needed, the results support the relevance of the VIVA model in defining specific domains that can be supported in the workplace to help employees sustainably thrive.
Racial equity and inclusion in United States of America-based environmental education organizations: a critical examination of priorities and practices in the work environment
Authors: Romero Valeria Fike , Foreman Jedda , Strang Craig , Rodriguez Laura , Payan Rena , Bailey Kim Moore , Olsen Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the United States of America, societal structures of oppression frame and underpin nearly every field and industry, including environmental education. Despite growing attention on efforts to diversify the environmental education workforce in the United States, environmental fields have had minimal success attracting and retaining professionals of color. This study sought to explore how Environmental Educators of Color experience and are impacted by workplace culture, practices, and policies. Through focus groups, Environmental Educators of Color (n = 26) shared their perspectives related to equity and inclusion in environmental education work environments. This study draws on critical race theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2017; Tate, 1997) as an analytical framework to center racial equity in our understanding of the experiences and perspectives of Environmental Educators of Color. Analysis of data included thematic emergent analysis (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016) to identify themes in focus group transcripts. Findings indicate that the workplace practices are frequently and unintentionally reinforcing the status quo of systemic racism and marginalization that Environmental Educators of Color experience.
Stability of the Dynamical Motion of a Damped 3DOF Auto-parametric Pendulum System
Authors: Amer T. S. , Bek M. A. , Nael M. S. , Sirwah Magdy A. , Arab A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The motion of three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of an automatic parametric pendulum attached with a damped system has been investigated. The kinematics equations of this system have been derived employing Lagrange’s equations in accordance to it’s the generalized coordinates.

Methods
The method of multiple scales (MMS) has been used to obtain the solutions of the controlling equations up to the third-order of approximation. The solvability criteria and modulation equations for primary external resonance have been explored simultaneously.

Results
The non-linear stability approach has been used to analyze the stability of the considered system according to its different parameters. Time histories of the amplitudes and the phases of this system have been graphed to characterize the motion of the system at any given occurrence.

Conclusions
The different zones of stability and instability of this study have been checked and examined, in which the system's behavior has been revealed to be stable for various values of its variables.
Circular Economy and the triple bottom line in Norway
Authors: Wiebe Kirsten S. , Norstebø Vibeke S. , Aponte Fabian R. , Simas Moana S. , Andersen Tina , Perez-Valdes Gerardo A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA more circular economy aims to reduce global material consumption, make the most out of our resources, and create a more sustainable economic system. In this paper, we analyze how different circular economy actions in Norway affect indicators in the three pillars of sustainable development: economic prosperity (measured by value added), social equity (measured by employment opportunities), and environmental protection (measured by greenhouse gas emissions). Based on priorities of the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plan and characteristics of the Norwegian economy, we have selected five value chains for analysis: electronics; textiles; construction and building; packaging and plastics; and metal efficiency. The results show that there is a substantial potential for increased value added and employment in Norway related to the circular transition, while at the same time mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. For increased material efficiency (plastic packaging, metals), employment gains can be substantial, while imports of metals and plastics decrease, resulting in lower upstream emissions, but higher Norwegian emissions. For consumer goods (textiles, electronics), the positive effects come about from shifting from a buy-and-discard model to a buy-repair/share/use longer model, resulting in increased employment in Norway and decreased imports, which potentially leads to lower emissions, but also lower employment globally. For re-use/re-purpose and recycling of building materials, emission-intense material extraction and processing activities are replaced by more labour intense activities, but has the largest potential of decreasing emissions within Norway.
The Codification of Jewish Law on the Cusp of Modernity
Authors: Fram Edward 
Published: April 2022

For more than four centuries, Jewish life has been based on a code of law written by Joseph Caro, his Shulḥan `aruk ['set table']. The work was an immediate best-seller because it presented the law in a clear and concise format. Caro's work, however, was methodologically problematic and was widely criticized in the first generations after its publication. In this volume, Edward Fram examines Caro's methods as well as those of two of his contemporaries, Moses Isserles and Solomon Luria. He highlights criticisms of Caro's legal thought and brings alternative methodologies to the fore. He also compares these three jurists, while placing their methods, and cases in their historical, intellectual, and religious contexts. Fram's volume ultimately explains why Caro's methodologically problematic work won the day, while more sophisticated approaches remained points of legal reference but fell short of achieving the acceptance that their authors hoped for.
Teaching for Data Reuse and Working toward Digital Literacy in Archaeology
Authors: Garstki Kevin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis article outlines a model for teaching undergraduate and graduate archaeology students the skills for working with open-access archaeological data and using digital tools for analysis. Due to the often limited opportunities for students to learn methods directly for data reuse, large archaeological datasets remain stagnant and unused in digital archives. The bloat of unused data stands as a major ethical hurdle in heritage fields. This article explores an approach for addressing this issue, which is to incorporate data and digital literacy training into standard archaeological curricula. This approach consists of covering a wide range of topics that contribute to digital and data fluency that include both practical digital skills and discussions aimed at contextualizing the tools into larger, ethical, and sociopolitical frameworks. This article offers summaries of the activities and tutorials developed for this project and provides open access to all of the resources for future use.
Accuracy of Küchemann’s prediction for the locus of aerodynamic centres on swept wings compared to an inviscid panel method
Authors: Moorthamers B. , Hunsaker D.F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe locus of aerodynamic centres of a finite wing is the collection of all spanwise section aerodynamic centres, and depends on aspect ratio, wing sweep and planform shape. This locus is of great importance in the positioning of vortex elements in lifting-line theory. Traditionally, these vortex elements are placed along the quarter-chord of a wing, leading to inaccurate predictions of aerodynamic coefficients for swept wings due to the discontinuity in the line of vorticity at the wing root. An analytical solution was presented by Küchemann in 1956 to determine the locus of aerodynamic centres as a function of sweep. While experimental studies have been performed to visualise this locus, no large amount of data is available to fully evaluate the accuracy of Küchemann’s analytical solution. In the present study, a numerical approach is taken using a high-order panel method for inviscid, incompressible flow to calculate the locus of aerodynamic centres for elliptic wings over a wide range of sweep angles, aspect ratios and profile thicknesses. An inviscid panel method is chosen over full CFD solutions because of their ability to isolate the inviscid phenomena. Küchemann’s prediction is compared to this numerical data. The root mean square error is calculated for each wing in a broad design space to determine the accuracy of Küchemann’s theory. It is shown to be remarkably accurate over the range of cases studied, with the root mean square error staying below 4% for all wings with aft sweep and aspect ratios higher than
$R_A=5$
. The actual difference between Küchemann’s prediction and numerical data is lower than that for the majority of the span for many of the wing designs considered, with the RMS error being skewed by the results at the tip. Results demonstrate that Küchemann’s analytical equations can be used as an accurate approximation for the locus of aerodynamic centres and could be used in modern numerical lifting-line algorithms*.