bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic impedance surfaces activated by incident waveform
Authors: Homma Haruki , Akram Muhammad Rizwan , Fathnan Ashif Aminulloh , Lee Jiyeon , Christopoulos Christos , Wakatsuchi Hiroki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Anisotropic impedance surfaces have been used to control surface wave propagation, which has benefited applications across a variety of fields including radio-frequency (RF) and optical devices, sensing, electromagnetic compatibility, wireless power transfer, and communications. However, the responses of these surfaces are fixed once they are fabricated. Although tunable impedance surfaces have been introduced by utilizing power-dependent nonlinear components, such a tuning mechanism is generally limited to specific applications. Here we propose an additional mechanism to achieve tunable anisotropic impedance surfaces by embedding transient circuits that are controllable via the type of incident waveform. By switching between the open and short states of the circuits, it is possible to separately control the unit-cell impedances in two orthogonal directions, thereby changing from an isotropic impedance surface to an anisotropic impedance surface. Our simulation results show that a short pulse strongly propagates for both x and y directions at 3 GHz. However, when the waveform changes to a continuous wave, the transmittance for x direction is reduced to 26%, although still the transmittance for y direction achieves 77%. Therefore, the proposed metasurfaces are capable of guiding a surface wave in a specific direction based on the incident waveform even with the same power level and at the same frequency. Our study paves new avenues regarding the use of surface wave control in applications ranging from wireless communications to sensing and cloaking devices.
Effects of microalloying elements added by in situ synthesis on the microstructure of WCu composites
Authors: Cheng Chu , Song Ziwei , Wang Lingfeng , Zhao Long , Wang Lisha , Guo Linfang , Shi Bowen , Song Kexing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The addition of microalloying elements improves the microstructure and properties of copper-based materials. In this study, WCu composites are synthesized in situ with Fe, Ni, or Mn as microalloying elements, and the effects of each element on the microstructural characteristics of the obtained composite are investigated. Fe, Ni, and Mn can be added in situ to WCu composites by thermite reduction. Increasing the temperature is not conducive to the reduction of MnO2 by Al. Ni, Fe, and Mn were well dissolved in the copper matrix, and their contents decreases in turn, while the Al content in the matrix increases in turn. Mn clearly reduces the size of tungsten particles, and the size reduction effect of the microalloying elements on tungsten particles follows the order Mn > Fe > Ni. The effect on the wettability of the interface follows the order Ni > Mn > Fe. Increasing the interfacial wetting is not conducive to the refinement of tungsten particles.
Recognition of arm and body postures as social cues for proactive HRI
Authors: Sirithunge Chapa , Porawagamage Gayashan , Dahn Nikolas , Jayasekara A. G. Buddhika P. , Chandima D. P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial agents can uplift the living standards of domestic population considerably. One hindrance for this is that the robot is less competent to perceive complex human behaviors. With such perceptive skills in the robot, nonexpert users will find it easier to cope with their robot companion with less and less instructions to follow. Perception of the internal state of a user or “user situation” before interaction is crucial in this regard. There are a variety of factors that affect this user situation. Out of these, posture becomes prominent in displaying the emotional state of a person. This article presents a novel approach to identify diverse human postures often encountered in domestic environments and how a robot could assess its user’s emotional state of mind before an interaction based on postures. Therefore, the robot evaluates posture and the overall postural behavior of its user throughout the period of observation before initiating an interaction with its user. Aforementioned user evaluation is nonverbal and decisions are made through observation as well. We introduced a variable called “valence” to measure how “relaxed” or “stressed” a user is, in a certain encounter. The robot decides upon an appropriate approach behavior accordingly. Furthermore, the proposed concept was capable of recognizing both arm and body postures and both postural behaviors over time. This leads to an interaction initiated by robot itself in a favorable situation so that the scenario looks more intelligent. Hence more humanlike. The system has been implemented, and experiments have been conducted on an assistive robot placed in an artificially created domestic environment. Results of the experiments have been used to validate the proposed concept and critical observations are discussed.
High score of dizziness-handicap-inventory (DHI) in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain makes a chronic vestibular disorder probable
Authors: Iglebekk Wenche , Tjell Carsten 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In patients with a vestibular disorder a high score of dizziness-handicap-inventory (DHI) is common. Patients with chronic lithiasis of multiple canals benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (mc-BPPV) can have incapacitating symptoms, e.g. headache, neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive dysfunction. Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain with few objective findings at an ordinary examination of the musculoskeletal system together with unsuccessful interventions can either receive a diagnosis of a biopsychosocial disorder or a diagnosis connected to the dominant symptom. The aim of this investigation is to examine if the DHI- and the DHI subscale scores are abnormal in 49 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. In addition, explore the possibility of a chronic mc-BPPV diagnosis.

Methods
Consecutive prospective observational cohort study at five different physiotherapy clinics. A personal interview using a structured symptom questionnaire consisting of 15 items. Modified Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) including the Physical-, Catastrophic- and Emotional impact DHI subscale scores suggested by the Mayo Clinic was applied.

Results
Eighty-four percent of the 49 patients have a pathological DHI-score and a potential underlying undiagnosed vestibular disorder. Very few patients have scores at the catastrophic subscale. A correlation is found between the number of symptoms of the structured scheme and the DHI-score. Results from all five physiotherapy clinics were similar.

Conclusions
Patients with a high number of symptoms and a high DHI-score can have a potential underlying treatable balance disorder like mc-BPPV. Increased awareness and treatment of mc-BPPV may reduce suffering and continuous medication in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Regional Ethical Committee (No IRB 00001870).
Combined effect of midostaurin and sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor on FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) wild type acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Şahin Hande Nur , Adan Aysun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Therapeutic potential of clinically approved FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin has been neglected in wild-type FLT3 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sphingosine kinase-1 (SK-1) having anti-proliferative functions is studied in various cancers, but not in FLT3 wild-type AML. We aimed to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat FLT3 wild-type AML by combining midostaurin with SK-1 inhibitor (SKI II) in THP1 cells.

Methods
The anti-proliferative effects of midostaurin, SKI II and in combination on THP1 cells were determined by MTT assay. The combination indexes were calculated using calcusyn software. SK-1 expression and PARP cleavage were checked by western blot. Cell cycle distributions (PI staining) and apoptosis (annexin-V/PI dual staining) were assessed by flow cytometry for each agent alone and in combinations.

Results
Midostaurin decreased SK-1 protein level. Midostaurin, SKI II and certain combinations decreased cell viability in a dose dependent manner. The combined anti-leukemic effects of the aforementioned drug combination afforded additive effect. Co-administration induced both necrosis and apoptosis via phosphatidylserine externalization, PARP cleavage and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and S phases.

Conclusions
Targeting sphingosine kinase-1 together with FLT3 inhibition could be a novel mechanism to increase limited clinic response to midostaurin in wild-type FLT3 overexpressing AML after further pre-clinical studies.
SIPA1L1/SPAR1 Interacts with the Neurabin Family of Proteins and is Involved in GPCR Signaling
Authors: Matsuura Ken , Kobayashi Shizuka , Konno Kohtarou , Yamasaki Miwako , Horiuchi Takahiro , Senda Takao , Hayashi Tomoatsu , Satoh Kiyotoshi , Arima-Yoshida Fumiko , Iwasaki Kei , Negishi Lumi , Yasui-Shimizu Naomi , Kohu Kazuyoshi , Kawahara Shigenori , Kirino Yutaka , Nakamura Tsutomu , Watanabe Masahiko , Yamamoto Tadashi , Manabe Toshiya , Akiyama Tetsu 
Published: February 2022

Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (SIPA1)-like 1 (SIPA1L1; also known as SPAR1) has been proposed to regulate synaptic functions that are important in maintaining normal neuronal activities, such as regulating spine growth and synaptic scaling, as a component of the PSD-95/NMDA-R-complex. However, its physiological role remains poorly understood. Here, we performed expression analyses using super-resolution microscopy (SRM) in mouse brain and demonstrated that SIPA1L1 is mainly localized to general submembranous regions in neurons, but surprisingly, not to PSD. Our screening for physiological interactors of SIPA1L1 in mouse brain identified spinophilin and neurabin-1, regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, but rejected PSD-95/NMDA-R-complex components. Furthermore,Sipa1l1−/−mice showed normal spine size distribution and NMDA-R-dependent synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless,Sipa1l1−/−mice showed aberrant responses to α2-adrenergic receptor (a spinophilin target) or adenosine A1 receptor (a neurabin-1 target) agonist stimulation, and striking behavioral anomalies, such as hyperactivity, enhanced anxiety, learning impairments, social interaction deficits, and enhanced epileptic seizure susceptibility. Male mice were used for all experiments. Our findings revealed unexpected properties of SIPA1L1, suggesting a possible association of SIPA1L1 deficiency with neuropsychiatric disorders related to dysregulated GPCR signaling, such as epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, or fragile X syndrome (FXS).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSignal-induced proliferation-associated 1 (SIPA1)-like 1 (SIPA1L1) is thought to regulate essential synaptic functions as a component of the PSD-95/NMDA-R-complex. In our screening for physiological SIPA1L1-interactors, we identified G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-signaling regulators. Moreover, SIPA1L1 knock-out (KO) mice showed striking behavioral anomalies, which may be relevant to GPCR signaling. Our findings revealed an unexpected role of SIPA1L1, which may open new avenues for research on neuropsychiatric disorders that involve dysregulated GPCR signaling. Another important aspect of this paper is that we showed effective methods for checking PSD association and identifying native protein interactors that are difficult to solubilize. These results may serve as a caution for future claims about interacting proteins and PSD proteins, which could eventually save time and resources for researchers and avoid confusion in the field.
Dissociating the Neural Correlates of Subjective Visibility from Those of Decision Confidence
Authors: Mazor Matan , Dijkstra Nadine , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: February 2022

A key goal of consciousness science is identifying neural signatures of being aware versus unaware of simple stimuli. This is often investigated in the context of near-threshold detection, with reports of stimulus awareness being linked to heightened activation in a frontoparietal network. However, because of reports of stimulus presence typically being associated with higher confidence than reports of stimulus absence, these results could be explained by frontoparietal regions encoding stimulus visibility, decision confidence, or both. In an exploratory analysis, we leverage fMRI data from 35 human participants (20 females) to disentangle these possibilities. We first show that, whereas stimulus identity was best decoded from the visual cortex, stimulus visibility (presence vs absence) was best decoded from prefrontal regions. To control for effects of confidence, we then selectively sampled trials before decoding to equalize confidence distributions between absence and presence responses. This analysis revealed striking differences in the neural correlates of subjective visibility in PFC ROIs, depending on whether or not differences in confidence were controlled for. We interpret our findings as highlighting the importance of controlling for metacognitive aspects of the decision process in the search for neural correlates of visual awareness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile much has been learned over the past two decades about the neural basis of visual awareness, the role of the PFC remains a topic of debate. By applying decoding analyses to functional brain imaging data, we show that prefrontal representations of subjective visibility are contaminated by neural correlates of decision confidence. We propose a new analysis method to control for these metacognitive aspects of awareness reports, and use it to reveal confidence-independent correlates of perceptual judgments in a subset of prefrontal areas.
Características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches caprina y bovina enteras, descremadas y deslactosadas
Authors: Álvarez-Figueroa María Laura , Pineda-Castro María Lourdes , Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro , Cubero-Castillo Elba 
Published: February 2022

Introducción. La caracterización y diversificación de los productos lácteos caprinos es muy importante para fortalecer a este incipiente sector productivo. Objetivo. Comparar las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de leches bovinas y caprinas enteras, descremadas y deslactosadas, así como de sus combinaciones. Materiales y métodos. En San José, Costa Rica, entre enero y diciembre del 2015 se evaluaron los contenidos de grasa (G), sólidos no grasos (SNG), acidez, proteína, densidad, pH, viscosidad y color de los tipos de leches citadas. Además, se efectuó un análisis sensorial descriptivo genérico y pruebas de agrado general. Resultados. La leche caprina entera presentó valores mayores de SNG, densidad y acidez, y menor pH, fue más blanca que la bovina y con una viscosidad similar. El proceso de deslactosado no afectó la viscosidad. Este factor interactuó con el tipo de leche, pero ninguno afectó los contenidos de grasa y proteína. Existió una interacción entre el tipo de leche y las modificaciones aplicadas para los parámetros de color. Los panelistas detectaron diferencias significativas para todos los atributos en los productos con excepción del aroma a ácido. Se estableció la presencia de tres conglomerados para la prueba de agrado compuestos por el 37,4 %, 28,8 % y 34,5 % de los jueces. El primero y segundo presentaron una preferencia por la leche entera y entera-deslactosada de vaca y, el tercero, por leche de cabra entera y entera-deslactosada de vaca y de cabra. El menor agrado general fue para las muestras tanto descremadas como deslactosadas bovinas y caprinas. Conclusiones. Los procesos de deslactosado y descremado modificaron la leche a nivel fisicoquímico, las leches de cabra con mayor agrado fueron las enteras y enteras-deslactosadas; el menor agrado general fue por las leches descremadas-deslactosadas en ambas especies.
Burden of seizures and comorbidities in patients with epilepsy: a survey based on the tertiary hospital‐based Epilepsy Syndrome Registry in Japan
Authors: Inoue Yushi , Hamano Shin‐ichiro , Hayashi Masaharu , Sakuma Hiroshi , Hirose Shinichi , Ishii Atsushi , Honda Ryoko , Ikeda Akio , Imai Katsumi , Jin Kazutaka , Kada Akiko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Kato Mitsuhiro , Kawai Kensuke , Kawakami Tamihiro , Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Matsuishi Toyojiro , Matsuo Takeshi , Nabatame Shin , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Ito Susumu , Okumura Akihisa , Saito Akiko , Shiraishi Hideaki , Shirozu Hiroshi , Saito Takashi , Sugano Hidenori , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Fukuyama Tetsuhiro , Kuki Ichiro ,   (Japan Rare Epilepsy Syndrome Registry Group: JRESG)
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective. To examine the current medical and psychosocial status of patients with epilepsy, aiming to facilitate appropriate application of the Intractable/Rare Diseases Act of Japan.Methods. By analysing the cross‐sectional data of patients registered in the tertiary hospital‐based Epilepsy Syndrome Registry of Japan, we investigated the proportion of patients who met the severity criteria as defined by the Act (seizure frequency of at least once a month, or presence of intellectual/neurological/psychiatric symptoms, or both) and whether there are candidate syndrome/diseases to be added to the existing list in the Act.Results. In total, 2,209 patients were registered. After excluding self‐limited/idiopathic epilepsies, 1,851 of 2,110 patients (87.7%) met the severity criteria. The patients were classified into eight main epilepsy syndromes (594 patients), 20 groups based on aetiology (1,078 patients), and three groups without known aetiology (427 patients). Most of the groups classified by syndrome or aetiology had high proportions of patients satisfying the severity criteria (>90%), but some groups had relatively low proportions (<80%) resulting from favourable outcome of surgical therapy. Several small groups with known syndrome/aetiology await detailed analysis based on a sufficiently large enough number of patients registered, some of whom may potentially be added to the list of the Act.Significance. The registry provides data to examine the usefulness of the severity criteria and list of diseases that are operationally defined by the Act. Most epilepsy patients with various syndromes/diseases and aetiology groups are covered by the Act but some are not, and the list of designated syndromes/diseases should be complemented by further amendments, as suggested by future research.
Etiology and prognostic significance of ictal EEG patterns in patients with non‐convulsive seizures
Authors: Singh Jaysingh , Gopal Mangala , Amin Assad , Peng Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective. We aimed to study the ictal EEG patterns in patients with non‐convulsive seizures (NCS) and their relationship with underlying etiology and patient outcome.Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of EEG studies from patients undergoing continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring for indication of altered mental status with a suspicion of NCS. Ictal EEG findings of NCS were categorized as three patterns: focal or generalized epileptiform discharges (EDs) at frequencies >2.5 Hz (Pattern 1); EDs at frequencies of ≤2.5 Hz or rhythmic activity >0.5 Hz with spatiotemporal evolution (Pattern 2); and EDs with ≤2.5 Hz with subtle clinical correlate during the ictal EEG or clinical and EEG improvement after a trial of IV anti‐seizure drugs (Pattern 3). Patients with anoxic brain injury were excluded from the study. Associations between ictal EEG patterns and underlying etiology and their impact on in‐hospital mortality was measured.Results. Of 487 patients included in the study, NCS was recorded on cEEG monitoring in 57 (12%). The ictal EEG Pattern 2 was the most commonly seen ictal EEG finding in our cohort of patients with NCS (70%, n=40/57), followed by Pattern 3 (15%, n=9/57) and Pattern 1(14%, n=8/57). In patients with acute brain injury, Pattern 2 (67%, n=27/40) was a commonly seen ictal EEG finding, whereas Pattern 1 (62% n=5/8) was seen in patients with underlying acute medical illness. No statistically significant difference was found between ictal EEG patterns and underlying neurological versus medical etiologies (p=0.27) or in‐hospital mortality (p=0.5).Significance. Spatiotemporal evolution of epileptiform discharges at a lower frequency was the most commonly recorded ictal EEG pattern in our cohort. Further prospective studies with a larger sample size of patients with NCS may provide valuable clinical data that could be used to evaluate the etiologic correlate of the various ictal EEG patterns and their effect on outcome.
Acute symptomatic seizures: an educational, evidence‐based review
Authors: Mauritz Matthias , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Camfield Peter , Chin Richard , Nardone Raffaele , Lattanzi Simona , Trinka Eugen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute symptomatic seizures occurring in close temporal relationship with an acute CNS insult are distinct from epilepsy and occur frequently in clinical practice. The aim of this educational review is to provide information on the most important aspects related to acute symptomatic seizures that will allow clinicians to accurately distinguish acute symptomatic seizures from epilepsy in their patients. We explain the definition of acute symptomatic seizures and we illustrate how acute symptomatic seizures differ from epilepsy. We describe acute symptomatic seizures in the context of their various underlying aetiologies and we discuss the approach to the management of patients with acute symptomatic seizures.
Progression of alternating hemiplegia of childhood‐related focal epilepsy to electrical status epilepticus in sleep with reversible encephalopathy
Authors: Neupert Derek , Abbassi Puya , Prange Lyndsey , Flamini Robert , Mikati Mohamad A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMutations in the ATP1A3 gene (which encodes the main α subunit in neuronal Na+/K+‐ATPases) cause various neurological syndromes including alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This rare disorder is characterized by paroxysmal episodes of hemiplegia, dystonia, oculomotor abnormalities, and occasionally developmental regression. Approximately 50% of alternating hemiplegia of childhood patients also have epilepsy, which is either focal or generalized. Seizures are often drug resistant. We report a 10‐year‐old girl with the D801N ATP1A3 mutation and alternating hemiplegia of childhood who manifested with drug‐resistant focal seizures as an infant and throughout childhood. At the age of about10.5 years, her epilepsy evolved into electrical status epilepticus in sleep with generalized discharges. These changes coincided with developmental regression consistent with epileptic encephalopathy. Additionally, MRI and MR spectroscopy showed new cortical atrophy and markedly depressed N‐acetyl aspartate peaks compared to previous normal studies. Electrical status epilepticus in sleep resolved after medication adjustments. She, now, only four months after her diagnosis of electrical status epilepticus in sleep, has regained most of the skills that were lost only a few months earlier. Our observations document that alternating hemiplegia of childhood can result in the above‐described unique features; particularly, progression of focal epilepsy to electrical status epilepticus in sleep with generalized features and reversible epileptic encephalopathy.