bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol-Mediated Novel Survival Strategy against Drought Stress in Plants
Authors: Bashir Khurram , Todaka Daisuke , Rasheed Sultana , Matsui Akihiro , Ahmad Zarnab , Sako Kaori , Utsumi Yoshinori , Vu Anh Thu , Tanaka Maho , Takahashi Satoshi , Ishida Junko , Tsuboi Yuuri , Watanabe Shunsuke , Kanno Yuri , Ando Eigo , Shin Kwang-Chul , Seito Makoto , Motegi Hinata , Sato Muneo , Li Rui , Kikuchi Saya , Fujita Miki , Kusano Miyako , Kobayashi Makoto , Habu Yoshiki , Nagano Atsushi J , Kawaura Kanako , Kikuchi Jun , Saito Kazuki , Hirai Masami Yokota , Seo Mitsunori , Shinozaki Kazuo , Kinoshita Toshinori , Seki Motoaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water scarcity is a serious agricultural problem causing significant losses to crop yield and product quality. The development of technologies to mitigate the damage caused by drought stress is essential for ensuring a sustainable food supply for the increasing global population. We herein report that the exogenous application of ethanol, an inexpensive and environmentally friendly chemical, significantly enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and wheat. The transcriptomic analyses of ethanol-treated plants revealed the upregulation of genes related to sucrose and starch metabolism, phenylpropanoids and glucosinolate biosynthesis, while metabolomic analysis showed an increased accumulation of sugars, glucosinolates and drought-tolerance-related amino acids. The phenotyping analysis indicated that drought-induced water loss was delayed in the ethanol-treated plants. Furthermore, ethanol treatment induced stomatal closure, resulting in decreased transpiration rate and increased leaf water contents under drought stress conditions. The ethanol treatment did not enhance drought tolerance in the mutant of ABI1, a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis, indicating that ABA signaling contributes to ethanol-mediated drought tolerance. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis using 13C-labeled ethanol indicated that gluconeogenesis is involved in the accumulation of sugars. The ethanol treatment did not enhance the drought tolerance in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) triple mutant (aldh2b4/aldh2b7/aldh2c4). These results show that ABA signaling and acetic acid biosynthesis are involved in ethanol-mediated drought tolerance and that chemical priming through ethanol application regulates sugar accumulation and gluconeogenesis, leading to enhanced drought tolerance and sustained plant growth. These findings highlight a new survival strategy for increasing crop production under water-limited conditions.
Data Medicine: ‘Broad’ or ‘Dynamic’ Consent?
Authors: Stoeklé Henri-Corto , Hulier-Ammar Elisabeth , Hervé Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The General Data Protection Regulation imposes, at European level, a need to seek express or explicit consent for the processing of health data. In the framework of biomedical research, some favor the use of express ‘broad’ consent, whereas other maintain, or wish to maintain the use of presumed or implicit consent, often referred to as ‘non-opposition’ in conditions in which such consent is still authorized. In our view, broad consent and presumed consent are likely to prove to be easy solutions in the short term but much less relevant in the long term, for both hospital and patients, if the bioethical objective remains the improvement of patient quality of life and/or survival, regardless of the disease considered. Dynamic consent could be the best way to achieve this objective because only this type of consent could improve hospital transparency and increase patient confidence by allaying certain fears.
Vascular endothelial growth factor from retinal pigment epithelium is essential in choriocapillaris and axial length maintenance
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jeong Heonuk , Mori Kiwako , Ikeda Shin-Ichi , Shoda Chiho , Miwa Yukihiro , Nakai Ayaka , Chen Junhan , Ma Ziyan , Jiang Xiaoyan , Torii Hidemasa , Kubota Yoshiaki , Negishi Kazuno , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Myopia, which prevalence is rapidly increasing, causes visual impairment; however, the onset mechanism of pathological axial length (AL) elongation remains unclear. A highly vascularized choroid between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and sclera not only maintains physiological activities, but also contributes to ocular development and growth regulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from the RPE to the choroid is essential for retinal function and maintenance of the choriocapillaris. Herein, we demonstrated that the loss of VEGF secreted from the RPE caused abnormal choriocapillaris development and AL elongation, with features similar to those of the lens-induced myopia (LIM) mouse model, whereas VEGF overexpression by knocking-out von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) specific to the RPE expands the choriocapillaris and shortens the AL. Additionally, LDL Receptor Related Protein 2 (LRP2) deletion in the RPE downregulated VEGF expression and leads to pathological AL elongation. Furthermore, high-myopia patients without choriocapillaris demonstrated longer ALs than did those with preserved choriocapillaris. These results suggest that physiological secretion of VEGF from the RPE is required for proper AL development by maintaining the choriocapillaris. The pinpoint application of VEGF to the choriocapillaris may become a potential intervention for the prevention and treatment of axial myopia progression.
Memory and Probability
Authors: Bordalo Pedro , Conlon John J , Gennaioli Nicola , Kwon Spencer Y , Shleifer Andrei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In many economic decisions, people estimate probabilities, such as the likelihood that a risk materializes or that a job applicant will be a productive employee, by retrieving experiences from memory. We model this process based on two established regularities of selective recall: similarity and interference. We show that the similarity structure of a hypothesis and the way it is described (not just its objective probability) shape the recall of experiences and thus probability assessments. The model accounts for and reconciles a variety of empirical findings, such as overestimation of unlikely events when these are cued versus neglect of noncued ones, the availability heuristic, the representativeness heuristic, conjunction and disjunction fallacies, and over- versus underreaction to information in different situations. The model yields several new predictions, for which we find strong experimental support.
Meso-scale method of asymptotic analysis of elastic vibrations in periodic and non-periodic multi-structures
Authors: Nieves M J , Movchan A B 
Published: August 2022

Summary
The method of meso-scale asymptotic approximations has proved to be very effective for the analysis of models of solids containing large clusters of defects, such as small inclusions or voids. Here, we present a new avenue where the method is extended to elastic multi-structures. Geometrically, a multi-structure makes a step up in the context of overall dimensions, compared to the dimensions of its individual constituents. The main mathematical challenge comes from the analysis of the junction regions assigned to the multi-structure itself. Attention is given to problems of vibration and on the coupling of vibration modes corresponding to displacements of different orientations. The method is demonstrated through the dynamic analysis of infinite or finite multi-scale asymmetric flexural systems consisting of a heavy beam connected to a non-periodic array of massless flexural resonators within some interval. In modelling the interaction between the beam and the resonators, we derive a vectorial system of partial differential equations through which the axial and flexural motions of the heavy beam are coupled. The solution of these equations is written explicitly in terms of Green’s functions having intensities determined from a linear algebraic system. The influence of the resonators on the heavy beam is investigated within the framework of scattering and eigenvalue problems. For large collections of resonators, dynamic homogenization approximations for the medium within the location of the resonant array are derived, leading to (i) the classical Rayleigh beam for symmetric systems and (ii) a generalized Rayleigh beam for asymmetric structures that support flexural–longitudinal wave coupling. Independent numerical simulations are also presented that demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical results.
A Longitudinal Study of Semantic Networks in Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders Using the Word Association Task
Authors: Pintos Andrea Stephanie , Hui Christy Lai-Ming , De Deyne Simon , Cheung Charlton , Ko Wai Tung , Nam Suen Yi , Chan Sherry Kit-Wa , Chang Wing-Chung , Lee Edwin Ho-Ming , Lo Alison Wai-Fan , Lo Tak-Lam , Elvevåg Brita , Chen Eric Yu-Hai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe underpinnings of language deviations in psychotic symptoms (eg, formal thought disorder, delusions) remain unclear. We examined whether the semantic networks underlying word associations are useful predictors of clinical outcomes in psychosis. Fifty-one patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and 51 matched healthy controls generated words in a Cantonese continued word association task. Patterns of word associations were examined using semantic similarity metrics derived from word embeddings (fastText) and the structure of individual semantic networks. A longitudinal design—baseline and 6 months later—enabled investigation of the relationship of changes in semantic associations in patients who were in an acute psychotic state at baseline compared to clinical stabilization 6 months later. The semantic similarity measure increased over time in patients, while it remained stable in controls. Moreover, the change in semantic similarity over time correlated with the changes in patients’ formal thought disorder symptoms. There were differences in individual semantic networks between the groups at both time points. Patients had less structured networks on average, as evidenced by a smaller network diameter and clustering coefficient, and smaller average shortest path lengths. The identification of several state-like semantic measures that change over time with patients’ mental states allows for nuanced comparison with clinical measures. Semantic measures are complex. Semantic similarity was a state-like measure that changed over time with mental state in psychotic disorders, whereas individual semantic network parameters were trait-like and stable over time.
The role of protectors: a UK perspective
Authors: Harney Patrick , McCallum Marie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Absent from English statute, trust protectors are notoriously ill-defined, and that term can take on vastly different meanings between jurisdictions, and between trust instruments. Protector problems are a more frequent feature in offshore trust litigation, in particular regarding the precise nature of protector powers, and whether these should be defined as fiduciary, personal or otherwise. In this article, we explore the UK perspective on the use and incorporation of trust protectors, in comparison to their use in the traditional offshore jurisdictions where they are particularly prevalent, and seemingly only increasing in stature and power, at times exercising genuinely discretionary review functions and sometimes holding powers that exceed those of their trustees. Different interpretations of the key protector power of veto are also explored, with reference to the recent alternate findings on this issue between the Jersey Courts in Piedmont and Riviera Trusts [2021] and the Supreme Court of Bermuda in Re the X Trusts [2021].
Evaluation of feeding ruminal-protected folate and cobalt pectinate on growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma vitamin B12 and folate status in finishing beef steers
Authors: Word Alyssa B , Holland Ben P , Karr Kendall J , Socha Michael T , Kending Cory , Branine Mark E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A large pen feedlot study was conducted to evaluate the response of yearling steers fed novel sources of rumen-protected folate (RPFA) and cobalt (cobalt pectinate; Co-PECT) on plasma levels of vitamin B12 and folate, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. A total of 2,100 steers (initial BW = 381 ± 45.2 kg.) were enrolled in the study at the time of randomization with 2,091 steers started on treatment diets following the transition to the finishing diet. A generalized randomized block design with sampling error (GRBD) with two treatments and 15 pen replications per treatment (5 blocks × 6 pens/block; 30 pens total with 70 steers/pen) were evaluated with pen serving as the experimental unit. A control (CON) treatment consisted of the standard finishing diet while the test diet consisted of the standard finishing diet providing 3.0 mg ∙ kg−1 DM of RPFA and 1.0 mg ∙ kg−1 DM total supplemental cobalt with approximately half coming from Co-PECT (TEST). Blood samples were collected from 60 randomly selected steers at study initiation and prior to shipping for plasma B12 and folate measurement. Data were analyzed with the model including fixed effects of treatment, block, and treatment within block interaction. Live growth performance was not affected by treatment; however, carcass-adjusted performance and hot carcass weight were numerically improved by TEST in 3 of the 5 blocks (treatment × within block interaction, P ≤ 0.03) of cattle. Plasma levels for both folic acid and vitamin B12 were extremely low at study initiation and increased over the course of the feeding period. Feeding TEST increased (P &lt; 0.01) plasma B12 levels compared to CON by the completion of the trial; however, mean levels would still be considered marginal. Plasma folate was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in TEST steers at the beginning of the study, with no difference between treatments by the time cattle were shipped. Results suggested that cattle coming into the feedlot may be of low or marginal status in both plasma folate and vitamin B12. While the status of folate and B12 improved in both CON and TEST with days on feed, providing RPFA and Co-PECT further helped improve vitamin B12 status; although, overall levels remained low, which may have affected the overall response to RPFA. Additional research is required to better understand the role of B vitamin supplementation for growing-finishing feedlots and develop methods for assessing the status and improving potential responses.
A tale of two bellies: systematics of the oval frogs (Anura: Microhylidae:Elachistocleis)
Authors: Novaes-e-Fagundes Gabriel , Lyra Mariana L , Loredam Vinicius S A , Carvalho Thiago R , Haddad Célio F B , Rodrigues Miguel T , Baldo Diego , Barrasso Diego A , Loebmann Daniel , Ávila Robson W , Brusquetti Francisco , Prudente Ana L C , Wheeler Ward C , Goyannes Dill Orrico Victor , Peloso Pedro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOval frogs (Elachistocleis) have a broad geographic distribution covering nearly all of South America and parts of Central America. They also have a large inter- and intraspecific variation of the few morphological characters commonly used as diagnostic traits among species of the genus. Based on molecular data, we provide the most complete phylogeny of Elachistocleis to date, and explore its genetic diversity using distance-based and tree-based methods for putative species delimitation. Our results show that at least two of the most relevant traditional characters used in the taxonomy of this group (belly pattern and dorsal median white line) carry less phylogenetic information than previously thought. Based on our results, we propose some synonymizations and some candidate new species. This study is a first major step in disentangling the current systematics of Elachistocleis. Yet, a comprehensive review of morphological data is needed before any new species descriptions can be properly made.
Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Kim Junggon , Cassis Gerasimos , Jung Sunghoon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae is presented. A total of 86 morphological characters and 3899 base pairs of mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (18S, 28S) sequences were analysed separately for each partition and combined datasets, using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The fossil species Amberderaeous gigophthalmusKim, Taszakowski & Jung, 2020 was analysed in the morphological and combined datasets in order to assess its systematic position. The phylogenetic results revealed that Deraeocorinae as presently constituted is not monophyletic, with the tribe Termatophylini nested separately to the other deraeocorine supraspecific lineages analysed. The remaining Deraeocorinae was found to be monophyletic as well as Clivinemini, Hyaliodini and Saturniomirini. Clivinemini + Saturniomirini is the sister group of the remaining Deraeocorinae. Deraeocorini, which is the most diverse tribe in the subfamily, was found to be non-monophyletic, with Surinamellini nested within it. Based on the results, we proposed that the clade including the questionably placed taxa and a temporarily placed fossil taxon is synonymized from Surinamellini to Deraeocorini, and that Surinamellini is treated as paraphyletic. The nominate genus Deraeocoris s.l. was found to be non-monophyletic. Termatophylini was provisionally retained within Deraeocorinae, pending broader taxon sampling of Deraeocorinae and other mirid subfamilies.
Medication Initiation, Patient-directed Discharges, and Hospital Readmissions Before and After Implementing Guidelines for Opioid Withdrawal Management
Authors: Zavodnick Jillian , Heinsinger Nicolette M. , Lepore Angelo C. , Sterling Robert C. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Rising rates of hospitalization for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) result in high rates of patient-directed discharge (PDD, also called “discharge against medical advice”) and 30-day readmissions. Interdisciplinary addiction consult services are an emerging criterion standard to improve care for these patients, but these services are resource- and expertise-intensive. A set of withdrawal guidelines was developed to guide generalists in caring for patients with opioid withdrawal at a hospital without an addiction consult service.

Methods
Retrospective chart review was performed to determine PDD, 30-day readmission, and psychiatry consult rates for hospitalized patients with OUD during periods before (July 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018) and after (January 1, 2019, to July 31, 2019) the withdrawal guidelines were implemented. Information on the provision of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) was also obtained.

Results
Use of OAT in patients with OUD increased significantly after guideline introduction, from 23.3% to 64.8% (P < 0.001). Patient-directed discharge did not change, remaining at 14% before and after. Thirty-day readmissions increased 12.4% to 15.7% (P = 0.05065). Receiving any OAT was associated with increased PDD and readmission, but only within the postintervention cohort.

Conclusions
A guideline to facilitate generalist management of opioid withdrawal in hospitalized patients improved the process of care, increasing the use of OAT and decreasing workload on the psychiatry consult services. Although increased inpatient OAT has been previously shown to decrease PDD, in this study PDD and readmission rates did not improve. Guidelines may be insufficient to impact these outcomes.
Efficacy of Brief Interventions for Comorbid Substance Misuse in Patients on Opioid Agonist Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Kathiravan Sanjana , Singh Pranshu , Sharma Babita , Gupta Surabhi , Pillai Renjith R. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims
Multiple substance use is a common but underrecognized problem in patients on opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Co-occurring substance misuse is associated with poor clinical and psychosocial outcomes. We aimed (a) to determine the effect of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for substance misuse in people on OAT and (b) to qualitatively summarize the implementation of SBI.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of clinical trials on the efficacy of SBI for alcohol and drug misuse in participants on OAT. We searched 5 electronic databases and included published studies and unpublished trials. We measured the standardized mean difference in substance risk scores before and after intervention. We also estimated the standardized mean difference in alcohol consumption per day before and after intervention.

Results
We included a total of 8 studies; 5 of these were included in the meta-analysis, and all were reviewed for narrative synthesis. We observed a significant change in the pre-post brief intervention substance risk scores with a medium effect size (Hedges g = 0.752, 95% confidence interval, 0.405–1.099). Sensitivity analyses with different pretest-posttest correlations did not change our result. Modest effects of SBI were found in reducing both alcohol and illicit drug risk scores, and among the population on methadone and buprenorphine treatment. We also observed a significant decrease in alcohol consumption per day 3 months after SBI. Studies showed a limited and incomplete screening for substance misuse and delivery of brief intervention in OAT settings.

Conclusions
Screening and brief intervention may be a potential treatment for co-occurring substance misuse among patients on OAT.
Identifying Barriers to Buprenorphine Treatment for Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Among Anesthesiologists and Pain Practitioners: A Survey Study
Authors: John Samuel , Boorman David W. , Potru Sudheer 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate barriers to opioid use disorder (OUD) care among acute and chronic pain physicians and advanced practice providers, including hypothesized barriers of lack of interest in OUD care and stigma toward this patient population.

Methods
The study used an anonymous 16-item online survey through Google Forms. Respondents were 153 health practitioners across the United States and Canada, all of whom are registered in one of several pain or anesthesia professional societies. Data were analyzed with descriptive and categorical statistics.

Results
The most common barriers include “lack of appropriate clinical environment for prescribing by both acute and chronic pain practitioners” (48%) and “lack of administrative/departmental support” (46%). A total of 32% of respondents reported that OUD care was important but they were not interested in doing more, while 28% of practitioners believed that they treat patients with OUD differently than others in a negative way. More males reported “difficulty” in treating OUD as a barrier (45% vs 25%). Chronic pain practitioners reported poor payor mix as a barrier twice as often as their acute pain colleagues. In free response, lack of multidisciplinary OUD care was a notable barrier.

Conclusions
The top barriers to OUD treatment were clinical environment, departmental support, difficulty in treating the condition, and payor mix, supporting the hypotheses. Given an OUD patient scenario, 55% of acute pain physicians and 73% of chronic pain physicians expressed a willingness to prescribe buprenorphine.