bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Electrode Parameters on the Performance Behavior of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Geetha N. , Kavitha D. , Kumaresan Duraisamy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The importance of lithium-ion batteries in renewable energy storage applications cannot be sufficiently explained and can be used in hybrid vehicles, electronic devices, wearable electronics, and so on because of their high energy and power density. Here, we report the significance of understanding how the efficiency and performance are affected by battery internal chemistry. To study the degree of influence on battery efficiency, a computer-aided multiphysics simulation is implemented in comsol by using the mathematical model of the battery. The properties included in the study are initial salt concentration in the electrodes, length of the electrodes, the volumetric ratio of the electrode materials, the volumetric ratio of the electrolyte, initial concentration of lithium ions, and the lithium-ion diffusivity. The simulation results have indicated that the increment in the concentration of the positive electrode material has improved the battery performance by 15%, and the increase in the initial salt concentration produced a 14% increase in the power-energy performance.
Topology Optimization and Wave Propagation of Three-Dimensional Phononic Crystals
Authors: Gao Hao , Qu Yegao , Meng Guang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Phononic crystals are periodically engineered structures with special acoustic properties that natural materials cannot have. One typical feature of phononic crystals is the emergence of band gaps wherein the wave propagation is prohibited due to the spatial periodicity of constituents. This article presents a generalized plane wave expansion method (GPWEM) and a voxel-based discretization technique to calculate the band structures of given three-dimensional phononic crystals. Integrated with the adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA), the proposed method is used to perform topological optimization of constituent distribution to achieve maximized band gap width. Numerical results yielded from the optimization of a three-dimensional cubic phononic crystal verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Eigenmodes of the phononic crystal with the optimized topology are investigated for a better understanding of the mechanism of band gap broadening.
Unusual wound with increasing prevalence caused by artificial fingernail glue
Authors: Currie Rachel V , Martin Serena V , Khan Khalid 
Published: June 2022

Clinical introductionA healthy 17-year-old girl presents with a wound on her left medial thigh (figure 1). Two days earlier while applying acrylic nail tips, she spilled nail glue on her jeans in the area of concern. Despite noticing an immediate irritable sensation, she did not perform any first aid nor did she remove her clothing to check the underlying skin.Figure 1Wound left medial thigh.QuestionWhat is the pathological process of this wound?De-epithelialisation due to removal of clothing glued to skin.Chemical burn.Partial thickness thermal burn.Allergic reaction to nail glue.For answer see page 02
842 Multi-centre implementation of the SNAP Protocol for paracetamol overdose – fewer anaphylactoid reactions and shortened length of stay
Authors: Joseph Roshan , Manning William , Hemavathi Muniswamy , Austin Richard 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundParacetamol overdose is the most common drug overdose in the UK. The standard treatment of Paracetamol toxicity is intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) which is usually given as a 21-hour infusion in UK hospitals. A 12-hour infusion known as the ‘SNAP’ regimen has been implemented in some centres and appears on TOXBASE. The SNAP regimen has been associated with fewer anaphylactoid reactions than the standard 21-hour treatment. The SNAP regimen was initiated in two District General Hospital Emergency Departments within the same NHS Trust as part of a quality improvement project (QIP) to determine whether anaphylactoid reactions and inpatient length of stay could be reduced.Methods/DesignTrust guidelines for Paracetamol overdose were revised advising the 12-hour SNAP regimen for treatment of adults along with a pre-filled prescription chart. A retrospective review of patient notes and electronic discharge letters was performed before and following the new guideline to identify patients who received NAC and whether they suffered any adverse reactions. The length of stay was also recorded.Results/ConclusionsIn three months from August to November 2020, across both sites, 60 adult patients received NAC for Paracetamol overdose. Of these, four patients had anaphylactoid reactions to NAC. Following the introduction of the SNAP regimen, in three months between April and June 2021, 36 adult patients received NAC, and there were no adverse drug reactions.Prior to the introduction of the new guideline and prescription chart adult patients admitted for Paracetamol overdose had an average inpatient stay of 48.3 hours compared to an average stay of 44.5 hours following the introduction of the SNAP regimen.The SNAP NAC regimen was not associated with more adverse drug reactions and has decreased length of stay in adult inpatients with Paracetamol Overdose.
1147 Prehospital oral trans-mucosal fentanyl citrate: preliminary experience and possible implications for civilian mass casualty response
Authors: Carenzo Luca , McDonald Adam , Grier Gareth 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/Background*The data below is pre-publication at the time of abstract submission*There is scope for improving medical care, including analgesia provision, in the pre-hospital phase of civilian mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The oral trans-mucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) lozenge has previously been identified as a possible method to address this need.Methods/DesignWe conducted a clinical service evaluation following the introduction of 400µg OTFC lozenges within London’s Air Ambulance (LAA) for the provision of pre-hospital analgesia. Our primary objective of the study was to identify potential benefits and limitations for the OTFC lozenge’s adoption as a pre-hospital analgesic option in LAA’s civilian response to a MCI.We retrospectively analysed all major trauma patients attended to by LAA between 1stJanuary 2019 and 31stDecember 2020 who received a OTFC lozenge. We evaluated the patients’ mechanism of injury, initial vital signs and at handover at an Emergency Department (ED) and the need for additional rescue analgesia or sedation. We collected data on any adverse features including nausea, drowsiness or respiratory depression.Results/Conclusions190 patients were included in the data set, the majority having suffered penetrating trauma. We identified an increased need for rescue analgesia and sedation in blunt trauma patients requiring prolonged extrication or limb reduction. 1% (n=2) of patients presented with nausea requiring withdrawal of the lozenge. No patients had adverse features following use of the OTFC lozenge. Our findings were comparable to previous literature on the use of OTFC lozenges.We argue that the OTFC lozenge has shown to be a safe and rapid method of delivering pre-hospital analgesia during LAA’s routine work. It has the advantage of not requiring intravenous (IV) access and presents a robust option for pre-hospital analgesia during a MCI.
1087 A service evaluation of the impact of e-scooters on emergency departments in Bristol (The SEED Study)
Authors: Qandil Sara , Roberts Thomas , Dickinson Thomas , Robinson Carl , Watkins Millie , Aubrey Emily , Dulac Emma , Willis Henry , Lockyer Andy , Lyttle Mark , Carlton Edward 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundE-scooters have risen in popularity worldwide. However, e-scooter associated injuries have become a growing area of concern. In the UK, rental e-scooters became legalised in 2020, and have been rolled out in several UK cities. There is no published UK literature reporting e-scooter related injuries. This service evaluation aims to evaluate the impact of e-scooters on Emergency Departments (ED) within one UK city.Methods/DesignBetween May to June 2021, we conducted an approved (CE:74681) prospective observational service evaluation for a 4-week period across three EDs; one Adult Major Trauma centre (MTC), one city-centre Trauma Unit and one Paediatric MTC. All patients presenting to ED with an injury associated with an e-scooter (driver, passenger or bystander) were identified prospectively. Data collected included information on context of injury event and key clinical variables. Data was entered onto the online platform REDCap, and exported into Excel for analysis. Descriptive statistics are presented.Results/ConclusionsNinety patients with an e-scooter related injury presented to ED during the evaluation. Median age was 25 years (IQR, 20-33). Findings demonstrate head, upper limbs and lower limbs were commonly injured. Of the 19% who experienced a head injury, two patients sustained an intracranial haemorrhage and one a basal skull fracture. Fractures were diagnosed in 41% of patients. Only 7% of riders were helmeted and 28% were intoxicated with alcohol. In total 62 x-rays and 13 CTs were undertaken. Although the majority were discharged following minor injuries, 11% of patients required admission, including one major trauma.Whilst e-scooters are a convenient mode of transport, riders are vulnerable to traumatic injuries of varying severity. Notably, low rates of helmet use and high prevalence of alcohol intoxication, suggest a need for targeted public health interventions. Future large-scale research is required to better evidence injury patterns and severity, identify modifiable risk factors and inform policy.
762 Introducing a brief intervention to identify and provide guidance to overweight and obese children attending the emergency department
Authors: Mackenzie Megan , Anpananthar Amutha , Nightingale Helen 
Published: June 2022

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundThe aim of this project was to identify and provide guidance to overweight and obese children attending the paediatric emergency department.Paediatric obesity is a rising problem in the United Kingdom where around two thirds of children entering secondary school are either overweight or obese. This leads to significant health impacts in both the short and long term as more children are diagnosed with hypertension and obesity.The Emergency Department provides a unique opportunity to introduce a brief intervention to identify these children, have a brief conversation and offer guidance on healthy lifestyle with referral back to primary care services.Methods/DesignWe performed a Quality Improvement Project to measure height, weight and BMI centile in all children attending the Emergency Department to identify those who are overweight or obese. We created a toolkit that consists of training sessions and written resources for staff to sensitively communicate to parents about their child’s weight and empower them towards their journey for a healthier lifestyle.We collected data from 10 children a week who met the inclusion criteria and established whether they had weight, height and BMI centile measured. We analysed the notes of those who had BMI centile measured to see if they had been discharged with a diagnosis of obesity and whether they were provided with information regarding healthy diet and lifestyle.Results/ConclusionsIn a sample taken over 15 weeks, we have seen improvement in auxology measurement, and evaluation of notes shows that 4 children were appropriately identified as overweight or obese. Additionally, we increased awareness throughout the department by teaching, posters and word of mouth.We are encouraged by these initial numbers and anticipate further improvements as we have developed a toolkit to provide ongoing teaching to staff in the department.
Trends in healthy life expectancy in the age of austerity
Authors: Walsh David , Wyper Grant M A , McCartney Gerry 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWorrying changes in life expectancy trends have been observed recently in the UK, largely attributed to austerity policies introduced over the last decade. To incorporate changes to quality, rather than just length of, life, our aim was to describe trends in healthy life expectancy (HLE) for the relevant period.MethodsIn the absence of available long-term trends, we calculated new estimates of HLE for Scotland for the period 1995–2019, using standard HLE methodologies based on mortality and national survey data, and stratified by sex and socioeconomic deprivation.ResultsOverall, male and female HLE increased markedly between 1995 and 2009, but then decreased by approximately 2 years between 2011 and 2019. A decline was observed for the most and least deprived groups, but this was larger for those living in the 20% most deprived areas, where the decrease was 3.5 years.ConclusionsOur findings are further evidence of changing levels of pre-pandemic population health in the UK. An increasing body of UK and international evidence have attributed these changes to UK Government austerity policies. There is an urgent need, therefore, to reverse cuts to social security and protect the income and health of the poorest across all of the UK.
A study of almost pseudo 𝒵 symmetric spacetimes with application to f (R) gravity
Authors: Shenawy Sameh , De Uday Chand , Turki Nasser Bin , Syied Abdallah Abdelhameed 
Published: June 2022

We prove that an almost pseudo [Formula: see text] symmetric spacetime with Codazzi type of [Formula: see text] tensor is perfect fluid whose velocity vector field [Formula: see text] is parallel. The energy density [Formula: see text] of such perfect fluid spacetime is constant and the state equation is obtained. Also, this spacetime is shown to be a static spacetime. Next, it is shown that such spacetime is a GRW spacetime with Einstein fiber. This kind of spacetime is investigated in f (R) theory of gravity; in this case, we find the forms of the isotropic pressure p and the energy density [Formula: see text] which are constant. Further, some energy conditions are studied in this spacetime. Finally, a concrete example of almost pseudo [Formula: see text] symmetric spacetimes is considered.
Cosmic hierarchy in f (R) gravity
Authors: Sami Heba , Abebe Amare 
Published: June 2022

In this contribution, we investigate hierarchical nature of large-scale structure clustering through the oscillatory nature of the solutions of the Schrödinger-like Friedmann equation in a modified gravitational background described by the f (R) gravity theory. We find the cosmological solutions to the Schrödinger equation for different ranges of n of the [Formula: see text] toy model for both radiation and matter-dominated epochs of the expansion history for open, flat and closed spacetimes. Our results show that for certain choices of the model parameters and initial conditions, the formation and distribution of cosmic structures might indeed be hierarchical, leading to a natural explanation for the breakdown of the cosmological principle on small scales.
On the Asymptotic Insensitivity of the Supermarket Model in Processor Sharing Systems
Authors: Kielanski Grzegorz , Van Houdt Benny 
Published: June 2022

The supermarket model is a popular load balancing model where each incoming job is assigned to a server with the least number of jobs among d randomly selected servers. Several authors have shown that the large scale limit in case of processor sharing servers has a unique insensitive fixed point, which naturally leads to the belief that the queue length distribution in such a system is insensitive to the job size distribution as the number of servers tends to infinity. Simulation results that support this belief have also been reported. However, global attraction of the unique fixed point of the large scale limit was not proven except for exponential job sizes, which is needed to formally prove asymptotic insensitivity. The difficulty lies in the fact that with processor sharing servers, the limiting system is in general not monotone.
In this paper we focus on the class of hyperexponential distributions of order $2$ and demonstrate that for this class of distributions global attraction of the unique fixed point can still be established using monotonicity by picking a suitable state space and partial order. This allows us to formally show that we have asymptotic insensitivity within this class of job size distributions. We further demonstrate that our result can be leveraged to prove asymptotic insensitivity within this class of distributions for other load balancing systems.
Performance Comparison of Different Neuroimaging Methods for Predicting Upper Limb Motor Outcomes in Patients after Stroke
Authors: Tao Jingyan , Li Zhaoqing , Liu Yang , Li Jianhua , Bai Ruiliang 
Published: June 2022

Several neuroimaging methods have been proposed to assess the integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) for predicting recovery of motor function after stroke, including conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In this study, we aimed to compare the predicative performance of these methods using different neuroimaging modalities and optimize the prediction protocol for upper limb motor function after stroke in a clinical environment. We assessed 28 first-ever stroke patients with upper limb motor impairment. We used the upper extremity module of the Fugl-Meyer assessment (UE-FM) within 1 month of onset (baseline) and again 3 months poststroke. sMRI (T1- and T2-based) was used to measure CST-weighted lesion load (CST-wLL), and DTI was used to measure the fractional anisotropy asymmetry index (FAAI) and the ratio of fractional anisotropy (rFA). The CST-wLL within 1 month poststroke was closely correlated with upper limb motor outcomes and recovery potential.

CST
‐
wLL
≥
2.068

cc

indicated serious CST damage and a poor outcome (100%).

CST
‐
wLL
<
1.799

cc

was correlated with a considerable rate (>70%) of upper limb motor function recovery. CST-wLL showed a comparable area under the curve (AUC) to that of the CST-FAAI (

p
=
0.71

). Inclusion of extra-CST-FAAI did not significantly increase the AUC (

p
=
0.58

). Our findings suggest that sMRI-derived CST-wLL is a precise predictor of upper limb motor outcomes 3 months poststroke. We recommend this parameter as a predictive imaging biomarker for classifying patients’ recovery prognosis in clinical practice. Conversely, including DTI appeared to induce no significant benefits.
A Predictive Processing Model of Episodic Memory and Time Perception
Authors: Fountas Zafeirios , Sylaidi Anastasia , Nikiforou Kyriacos , Seth Anil K. , Shanahan Murray , Roseboom Warrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman perception and experience of time are strongly influenced by ongoing stimulation, memory of past experiences, and required task context. When paying attention to time, time experience seems to expand; when distracted, it seems to contract. When considering time based on memory, the experience may be different than what is in the moment, exemplified by sayings like “time flies when you're having fun.” Experience of time also depends on the content of perceptual experience—rapidly changing or complex perceptual scenes seem longer in duration than less dynamic ones. The complexity of interactions among attention, memory, and perceptual stimulation is a likely reason that an overarching theory of time perception has been difficult to achieve. Here, we introduce a model of perceptual processing and episodic memory that makes use of hierarchical predictive coding, short-term plasticity, spatiotemporal attention, and episodic memory formation and recall, and apply this model to the problem of human time perception. In an experiment with approximately 13,000 human participants, we investigated the effects of memory, cognitive load, and stimulus content on duration reports of dynamic natural scenes up to about 1 minute long. Using our model to generate duration estimates, we compared human and model performance. Model-based estimates replicated key qualitative biases, including differences by cognitive load (attention), scene type (stimulation), and whether the judgment was made based on current or remembered experience (memory). Our work provides a comprehensive model of human time perception and a foundation for exploring the computational basis of episodic memory within a hierarchical predictive coding framework.
Latent Heat Nudging in the Canadian High-Resolution (2.5 km) Regional Deterministic Prediction System
Authors: Jacques Dominik , Michelson Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study examines the application of latent heat nudging (LHN) for the assimilation of radar-derived precipitation rates in the 2.5-km High-Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS) operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada. One goal of this study is to document the overall impact of applying LHN in the most recent operational implementation of the HRDPS. On average, for 110 forecasts conducted over a 2-month period in 2016, LHN is shown to improve a composite NWP index (measuring the average change in RMSE over many variables and observation types) by ∼1.5% compared to a control experiment with no LHN. For winds between 400 and 100 hPa, reductions in RMSE between 1% and 4% are found for lead times up to 48 h. For precipitation, improvements for lead times up to 6 h are shown. Another goal of this study is to quantify the relative contributions for certain components of the LHN implementation. The features being investigated are the inclusion of LHN within the assimilation cycle, the use of idealized heating profiles and the conservation of relative humidity. The 2-month forecasting experiments are conducted with these components deactivated in turn. By comparing these experiments, it is found that the inclusion of LHN in the assimilation cycle has the largest impact. It is also found that the use of idealized profiles in locations where precipitation is observed but not simulated is a critical aspect of this implementation of LHN. A case study is also provided to illustrate the impact of LHN on altitude winds.