bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventable causes of cancer in Texas by race/ethnicity: Major modifiable risk factors in the population
Authors: Gudenkauf Franciska J. , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: October 2022

Background
A number of modifiable risk factors have been designated as being causally related to cancer development. We aimed to estimate the percentage of incident cancer cases diagnosed in persons aged ≥25 years in Texas in 2015, overall and by race/ethnicity, that were attributable to these modifiable risk factors.

Methods
We calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for cancers attributable to thirteen modifiable risk factors using prevalence data from the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, as well as relative risks estimates from prior studies and cancer incidence data from the Texas Cancer Registry.

Results
Overall, 32.3% of all incident cancers (N = 33,416) in 2015 were attributable to modifiable risk factors. Men (35.1%) had a numerically higher overall PAF than women (29.5%). Tobacco smoking caused the highest proportion of cancers (18.4%), followed by overweight and obesity (6.6%) and excess alcohol consumption (2.9%). Non-Hispanic Blacks had a numerically higher overall PAF (36.8%) than non-Hispanic Whites (31.9%) and Hispanics (31.7%). Further, non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest combined PAFs for 85% of cancer sites analyzed, including lung/bronchus and mouth/pharynx/larynx.

Conclusion
Modifiable risk factors cause about one third of cancers in Texas. Non-Hispanic Blacks are especially affected by an excessive preventable cancer burden.
Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gebreheat Gdiom , Paterson Ruth , Mulugeta Henok , Teame Hirut 
Published: October 2022

Background
Reluctance to the COVID-19 preventive measures have been repeatedly reported in Ethiopia although compliance with these actions is the key step to minimize the pandemic’s burden. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address the gap in the literature by determining the pooled magnitude of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and identifying its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Materials and methods
The electronic databases used to search articles were PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Research4Life and other sources of grey literature including Google Scholar and World Health Organization (WHO) database portals for low- and middle-income countries. Full English-language articles published between 2019 and 2022 were eligible for the review and meta-analysis. Relevant data extracted and descriptive summaries of the studies presented in tabular form. The methodological quality of articles assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment tool. The pooled magnitude of adherence determined by applying a random-effects model at a 95% CI.

Results
Of 1029 records identified, 15 articles were included in the systematic review and 11 were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in Ethiopia was 41.15% (95% CI:32.16–50.14%). Furthermore, perceived COVID-19 disease severity (AOR:1.77, 95% CI: (1.40–2.25)), attitude (AOR:1.85, 95% CI: (1.36–2.53)) and knowledge (AOR:2.51, 95% CI: (1.67–3.78)) to COVID-19 preventive measures showed significant association with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.

Conclusion
The magnitude of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in Ethiopia appeared to be low. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia and other stakeholders should mobilize resources to improve the adherence level of the community to the COVID-19 preventive measures and decrease public fatigue.
A nutrition programme using positive deviance approach to reduce undernutrition among urban poor children under-five in Malaysia: A cluster randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Chek Lok Poh , Gan Wan Ying , Chin Yit Siew , Sulaiman Norhasmah 
Published: October 2022

Background
Childhood undernutrition remains a public health issue that can lead to unfavourable effects in later life. These effects tend to be more devastating among urban poor young children, especially in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. There is an immediate need to introduce interventions to reduce childhood undernutrition. This paper described the study protocol of a nutrition programme that was developed based on the positive deviance approach and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme among urban poor children aged 3 to 5 years old.

Methods
This mixed-method study will be conducted in two phases at low-cost flats in Kuala Lumpur. Phase one will involve a focus group discussion with semi-structured interviews to explore maternal feeding practices and the types of food fed to the children. Phase two will involve a two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a programme developed based on the positive deviance approach. The programme will consist of educational lessons with peer-led cooking demonstrations, rehabilitation, and growth monitoring sessions. Intervention group will participate in the programme conducted by the researcher for three months whereas the comparison group will only receive all the education materials and menus used in the programme after data collection has been completed. For both groups, data including height, weight, and dietary intake of children as well as the nutritional knowledge and food security status of mothers will be collected at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and 3-month post-intervention.

Expected results
The positive deviance approach helps to recognise the common feeding practices and the local wisdom unique to the urban poor population. Through this programme, mothers may learn from and be empowered by their peers to adopt new feeding behaviours so that their children can achieve healthy weight gain.

Trial registration
This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04688515 on 29 December 2020, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04688515.
Within- and across-frequency temporal processing and speech perception in cochlear implant users
Authors: Blankenship Chelsea M. , Meinzen-Derr Jareen , Zhang Fawen 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Cochlear implant (CI) recipient’s speech perception performance is highly variable and is influenced by temporal processing abilities. Temporal processing is commonly assessed using a behavioral task that requires the participant to detect a silent gap with the pre- and post-gap stimuli of the same frequency (within-frequency gap detection) or of different frequencies (across-frequency gap detection). The purpose of the study was to evaluate behavioral and electrophysiological measures of within- and across-frequency temporal processing and their correlations with speech perception performance in CI users.

Design
Participants included 11 post-lingually deafened adult CI users (n = 15 ears; Mean Age = 50.2 yrs) and 11 age- and gender-matched normal hearing (NH) individuals (n = 15 ears; Mean Age = 49.0 yrs). Speech perception was assessed with Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant Word Recognition (CNC), Arizona Biomedical Sentence Recognition (AzBio), and Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech-in-Noise Test (BKB-SIN) tests. Within- and across-frequency behavioral gap detection thresholds (referred to as the GDTwithin and GDTacross) were measured using an adaptive, two-alternative, forced-choice procedure. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were elicited using within- and across-frequency gap stimuli under four gap duration conditions (no gap, GDT, sub-threshold GDT, and supra-threshold GDT). Correlations among speech perception, GDTs, and CAEPs were examined.

Results
CI users had poorer speech perception scores compared to NH listeners (p < 0.05), but the GDTs were not different between groups (p > 0.05). Compared to NH peers, CI users showed increased N1 latency in the CAEPs evoked by the across-frequency gap stimuli (p < 0.05). No group difference was observed for the CAEPs evoked by the within-frequency gap (p > 0.05). Three CI ears showing the longest GDTwithin also showed the poorest performance in speech in noise. The within-frequency CAEP increased in amplitude with the increase of gap duration; while the across-frequency CAEP displayed a similar amplitude for all gap durations. There was a significant correlation between speech scores and within-frequency CAEP measures for the supra-threshold GDT condition, with CI users with poorer speech performance having a smaller N1-P2 amplitude and longer N1 latency. No correlations were found among GDTacross, speech perception, and across-frequency CAEP measures.

Conclusions
Within- and across-frequency gap detection may involve different neural mechanisms. The within-frequency gap detection task can help identify CI users with poor speech performance for rehabilitation. The within-frequency CAEP is a better predictor for speech perception performance than the across-frequency CAEP.
Pooled prevalence of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Sub-Saharan Africa countries: A Bayesian multilevel approach
Authors: Takele Bayley Adane , Gezie Lemma Derseh , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundOver 155 million children under five suffer from stunting, and it is responsible for over one million deaths and 54.9 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYS) of under-five children worldwide. These predominantly occurred in low-and middle-income countries like sub-Saharan Africa. Stunted children begin their lives at a marked disadvantage. Some of these are; poor cognition and educational performance, low adult wages, lost productivity and, when accompanied by excessive weight gain later in childhood, an increased risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases in adult life and the devastating effects of stunting can last a lifetime and even affect the next generation. Despite this, its magnitude rises in the past 25 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies that capture the pooled prevalence and associated factors of stunting among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Therefore, this study was carried out on the basis of the Bayesian approach to determine the pooled prevalence and predictors of stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo assess the pooled prevalence of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Sub-Saharan AfricaMethodsFor this study a total of 173,483 weighted samples from the demography and health survey data set of 35 sub-Saharan African countries from 2008 to 2020 were used. After checking Variation between cluster by computing Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, binary logistic regression model was conducted based on hierarchical Bayesian statistical approach to account the hierarchical nature of demography and health survey data and to get reliable estimates by using additional information from the prior distribution. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% credible interval of the best fitted model was used to ascertain the predictors.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa was about 35% (95%CI: 34.87, 35.31). Of the sub-regions, the highest prevalence of stunting was in East Africa, 37% (95%, CI: 36.96, 37.63) followed by Central Africa, 35% (95%CI: (34.93, 35.94). Being male (AOR = 1.27, 95% CrI 1.25, 1.30), small birth size (AOR = 1.29, CrI 1.25, 1.32), home delivery (AOR = 1.17, CrI 1.14, 1.20), and no education of mothers (AOR = 3.07, CrI 2.79, 3.39) were some of the significant predictors of stunting of children.Conclusion and recommendationThe prevalence of stunting of children in sub-Saharan Africa is among the highest in the world. Predictors such as being male, being small at birth, a child delivered at home, and, low level of maternal education were some of the predictors of childhood stunting. Stakeholders and non-governmental organizations should consider those contributing factors of stunting when they plan and design nutritional improvement programs.
Women’s decisions regarding family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Alemayehu Mussie 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundLow use of contraceptives has many consequences. Despite this effect, less emphasis is given to women’s decision-making on family planning use in Ethiopia. Although there are studies conducted in different parts of the country on women’s decision-making regarding family planning use, there are inconsistent findings and a lack of national representative data. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of women’s decision-making regarding family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia.MethodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be followed to develop the review protocol. All observational studies will be retrieved using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms or keywords from the online databases PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, African Journal online, and gray literature. The quality of the studies will be critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity among studies will be examined using I-squared statistics. Funnel plots and Egger’s test will be used to examine publication bias. The meta-analysis will be performed using STATA version 14 software. Statistical significance will be determined at 95% CI.DiscussionImproving women’s autonomy in decision-making on reproductive health services, including contraceptive use, has a substantial advantage. There are studies on women’s decision-making in family planning use; however, there are inconsistent findings. Therefore, this review protocol aims to determine the pooled prevalence of women’s decision-making regarding family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia. The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis will help inform policy makers to develop appropriate interventions to improve women’s decision making regarding family planning use.
Ehrenamtliches Engagement im Alter: Welche Veränderungen bringt die Zunahme der Lebenszeit?
Authors: Künemund Harald , Vogel Claudia 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Steigende Lebenswartung, Zunahme der Anzahl und des Anteils älterer Menschen und veränderte biographische Erfahrungen wirken sich auf die Engagementquoten ebenso aus wie veränderte gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen. Der Beitrag beschreibt zunächst Diskussionen über den Wandel des Engagements und zeigt anschließend, dass die vermuteten Veränderungen empirisch weniger eindeutig auszumachen sind. Jüngere Geburtskohorten werden bei gleichem Alter zunehmend „aktiver“, der alterskorrelierte Rückgang im Engagement verschiebt sich in ein immer höheres Lebensalter und bei alledem ist bislang keine Abkehr vom traditionellen Engagement z. B. in Kirchen und Wohlfahrtsverbänden festzustellen.
The role of host heme in bacterial infection
Authors: Donegan Rebecca K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heme is an indispensable cofactor for almost all aerobic life, including the human host and many bacterial pathogens. During infection, heme and hemoproteins are the largest source of bioavailable iron, and pathogens have evolved various heme acquisition pathways to satisfy their need for iron and heme. Many of these pathways are regulated transcriptionally by intracellular iron levels, however, host heme availability and intracellular heme levels have also been found to regulate heme uptake in some species. Knowledge of these pathways has helped to uncover not only how these bacteria incorporate host heme into their metabolism but also provided insight into the importance of host heme as a nutrient source during infection. Within this review is covered multiple aspects of the role of heme at the host pathogen interface, including the various routes of heme biosynthesis, how heme is sequestered by the host, and how heme is scavenged by bacterial pathogens. Also discussed is how heme and hemoproteins alter the behavior of the host immune system and bacterial pathogens. Finally, some unanswered questions about the regulation of heme uptake and how host heme is integrated into bacterial metabolism are highlighted.
A Private Bank as Lender of Last Resort Under the Classical Gold Standard.
Authors: Ziegler Dieter 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The author argues that the idea, that the Bank of England accepted Walter Bagehot's recommendations from around the 1870s onwards and adopted the role of lender of last resort for the British financial markets, is a misconception. The published balance sheets give this impression, but a closer analysis of the balance sheet shows that the Bank of England never lost sight of the profit motive and had tied its own hands through the composition of its asset portfolio in order to be able to intervene effectively in the case of crisis. Even the only serious threat to financial market stability in the period under review, the Baring crisis of 1890, could only be mastered thanks to a broad rescue operation, coordinated solely by the Bank of England. This experience obviously did not contribute to a lasting change in the orientation of the Bank’s business policy until the First World War.
Debates, Plans and Interventions to Overcome the 1931 Banking Crisis in Romania and Bulgaria
Authors: Torre Dominique , Nenovsky Nikolay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the summer of 1931, the Austro-German banking crisis spread to Romania and Bulgaria. In the Romanian case, the management of the crisis confronted three types of protagonists – politicians, bankers and central bankers – and positions about the relevant attitude to adopt, in particular to avoid or not the Marmorosch Blank Bank bankruptcy. In Bulgaria, the management of the crisis was more consensual. The intervention of the Bulgarian National Bank allowed the refunding of the more important banks, while a further 34 were declared bankrupt and smaller ones silently disappeared. One of the largest banks in Bulgaria, Credit Bank, was rescued. Archive documents, reports of participants and comments from contemporaries, all emphasize the different conceptions of the function of lender of last resort as held by the different protagonists facing this systemic crisis.
The Economy of the Sino-Soviet Alliance.
Authors: Chen Tao , Zofka Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines the research literature on the economic aspects of the “Sino-Soviet Alliance”, which lasted from the end of the Chinese Civil war until the Sino-Soviet split (1949-1960/63). The Soviet and Eastern European contribution to China’s industrialization, called the “largest technology transfer in human history” by some, still awaits detailed examination. This article aims to structure the field as well as inspire future research. The included studies range from on-the-ground microstudies of engineers at specific industrial construction projects to macro-perspectives on economic exchange, trade and governmental negotiations. In contrast to classical Cold War perspectives, which assume a primacy of (geo-)politics, the paper builds on more recent studies, arguing that economic rationales mattered in both the split and the forging of the alliance. The literature review suggests that the room for manoeuvre of actors beyond the Kremlin and party leaderships has to be measured anew, and that the impact of the alliance on Eastern Europe awaits further research. Finally, the influence of the West with its technologies and world markets becomes visible when these apparently exclusive East-East relations are examined more closely.
Using machine learning to predict paperboard properties – a case study
Authors: Othen Rosario , Cloppenburg Frederik , Gries Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the applicability and accuracy of different machine learning (ML) methods for predicting paperboard properties based on raw material and process data. The goal is not to find an ML method that can predict all properties simultaneously, but rather the most suitable method for a single property. The examined properties are bending stiffness and the curl. Furthermore, the focus is not on the most accurate prediction model, but on the best model to interpret. The results show that ML methods are applicable for predicting paperboard properties based on raw material and process data, e. g., bending stiffness and curl in machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD). The feature selection is crucial for the quality of the prediction. Therefore, domain knowledge is needed to select the right features. This selection improves the model and ensures its reliability, comprehensibility, and interpretability. The self-implemented recursive feature addition (RFA) takes the features specified by a domain expert for the feature selection into consideration. It requires less computation time in comparison to the common recursive feature elimination (RFE). The extremely randomized tree (ET) was chosen due to its high interpretability and good results. It achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) for the bending stiffness MD of 0.913 mN m; an MAE for curl MD of 0.058 m−1 (in a value range from 7 mN m to 100 mN m and −1 m−1 to 1 m−1, respectively); 0.474 mN m and 0.163 m−1 (in a value range from 5 mN m to 45 mN m and −1 m−1 to 2 m−1, respectively) for the respective CD properties.
Erholung als Urlaubshandlung – Determinante eines gesundheitsförderlichen Tourismus
Authors: Hürten Dennis , Kimmich Katharina 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie hohe Bedeutung der Erholung während des Urlaubs ist allgemein bekannt und wohl erforscht. Weniger gut zu beantworten ist jedoch die Frage, welches Verständnis die deutsche Wohnbevölkerung von diesem sehr subjektiven Begriff hat, v. a., welche spezifischen Erlebnisse sie damit verknüpft. Aus diesem Grunde führte die Heilbäder und Kurorte Marketing GmbH Baden-Württemberg in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 eine Untersuchung durch, anhand der konkrete Anknüpfungspunkte für die Planung erholsamer Erlebnisse, die Schaffung erholungsförderlicher Rahmenbedingungen und die Konzeption eigenfinanzierter Erholungsangebote aufgezeigt werden. Die Basis der theoriegeleiteten Untersuchung bilden verschiedene psychologische Ansätze. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht die Annahme, dass Erholung kein ausschließlich autoregulativer Prozess ist, sondern auch als planvoll ausgeführte Urlaubshandlung betrachtet werden kann.
A cross-national study of female police officers’ perception of gender equality policies
Authors: Reiter Hannah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article sets out to explore how gender equality legislation and policies are perceived by police officers and particularly the reasons for any negative reception among female officers. The findings presented in this article are drawn from a cross-national study on female police officers’ reception and perception of gender equality policies in Austria and England and Wales. Although the specific implementation of legal equality measures and frameworks differ between the two legal systems, the same rhetorical tools are used against them, with Austrian respondents often following these narratives while respondents from England and Wales tend to neutralise them. Based on the presented results, the article argues that comprehensive inclusion of all people into the police service must not only be built on individual legal measures but must also address the issue of police culture and its ideas in a holistic way, thus breaking old patterns and rethinking them in a sustainable way.