bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spread of antimicrobial resistance genes via pig manure from organic and conventional farms in the presence or absence of antibiotic use
Authors: Bassitta Rupert , Nottensteiner Annika , Bauer Johann , Straubinger Reinhard K. , Hölzel Christina S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria affect human and animal health. Hence, their environmental spread represents a potential hazard for mankind. Livestock farming is suspected to be a key factor for spreading antibiotic resistance; consumers expect organic farming to imply less environmental health risk. This study aimed to assess the role of manure from organic and conventional farms for spreading antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes.

Methods and Results
AMR-genes—namely tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), sul2 and qacE/qacEΔ1 (potentially associated with multiresistance) were quantified by qPCR. Antimicrobial use during the study period was qualitatively assessed from official records in a binary mode (yes/no). Median concentrations were between 6.44 log copy-equivalents/g for tet(A) and 7.85 for tet(M) in organic liquid manure, and between 7.48 for tet(A) and 8.3 for sul2 in organic farmyard manure. In conventional manure, median concentrations were 6.67 log copy-equivalents/g for sul2, 6.89 for tet(A), 6.77 for tet(B) and 8.36 for tet(M). Integron-associated qac-genes reached median concentrations of 7.06 log copy-equivalents/g in organic liquid manure, 7.13 in conventional manure and 8.18 in organic farmyard manure. The use of tetracyclines or sulfonamides increased concentrations of tet(A) and tet(M), or of sul2, respectively. Comparing farms that did not apply tetracyclines during the study, the relative abundance of tet(A) and tet(M) was still higher for conventional piggeries than for organic ones.

Conclusions
Relative abundances of AMR genes were higher in conventional farms, compared to organic ones. Antibiotic use was linked to the relative abundance of AMR-genes. However, due to the bacterial load, absolute concentrations of AMR-genes were comparable between fertilizers of organic and conventional farms.

Significance and Impact of Study
To our knowledge, this is the first absolute quantification of AMR-genes in manure from organic farms. Our study underlines the importance of long-term reduction in the use of antimicrobial agents in order to minimize antibiotic resistance.
Implementing supplier integration practices to improve performance: The contingency effects of supply base concentration
Authors: Molinaro Margherita , Danese Pamela , Romano Pietro , Swink Morgan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompanies are recently facing increasing supply chain disruptions that may influence their supply base design choices. However, studies investigating how these choices affect the effectiveness of other supplier management practices, such as supplier integration, are scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of various types of supplier integration on the buyer's efficiency and innovation, as well as the contingency effects of supply base concentration, an important supply base design choice. Drawing upon Social Exchange Theory, we argue that the expected benefits of supplier integration activities to efficiency and innovation are strengthened by supply base concentration. We test our hypotheses using data collected from 324 manufacturing plants. Hierarchical regression results reveal that some supplier integration types improve performance only under higher levels of supply base concentration, while the effects of other supplier integration types vary according to the type of performance considered or are not significant at all. In addition, the results suggest that developing technologies to share information with suppliers may be counterproductive in driving efficiency. Besides enriching the supplier integration literature, this research offers guidance for managers who wish to improve efficiency and innovation, while also considering the pros and cons of supply base concentration.
Uncovering Power Dynamics: Feeling Rules in European Policy‐making
Authors: Sanchez Salgado Rosa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile feeling rules have been found to be highly relevant in social research and international relations, little is known about their role in European policy‐making. This article explores how emotions have been understood by Commission and Council officials and by Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) across policy areas over a long time period (1999–2014). Qualitative content analysis reveals the existence of feeling rules and that the appropriateness of emotions has been contested. Many policy‐makers, placing emotions in opposition to rationality, have claimed that policy‐making should be devoid of emotions, especially in policy areas such as public health, energy, and the environment. In contrast, in policy areas such as foreign policy and home affairs, emotions are often considered to be appropriate. This article also reflects on the role of feeling rules in constraining and enabling the policy process, uncovering subtle power dynamics. Data analysed include the European Parliament (EP) database (1999–2014) and the EUSpeech database (2007–2015).
“Normal” childhood in the lives of financially struggling white daughters and mothers
Authors: Grant Annaliese 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study identifies the ways low‐income white daughters negotiate normative childhood when describing their responsibilities while growing up.BackgroundThough family scholars have long theorized the power of family norms, we know little about the ways children navigate those norms. Using insights from scholarship about social class, whiteness, and childhood, this study explores the ways whiteness, classed experiences, and family life intersect in daughters' and mothers' lives.MethodThis study uses 40 in‐depth retrospective interviews with financially struggling white mothers and adult daughters to understand how daughters and mothers negotiate classed, aged, gendered, and racialized norms about childhood responsibilities.ResultsA majority of daughters hold major family care responsibilities at some point in their childhood, caring for siblings, parents, and themselves for long stretches of time. Though daughters explain why their responsibilities make sense given their classed circumstance, most daughters come to explain their own family work around some version of a “normal” childhood that they do not explicitly tie to class. Mothers may explicitly class the norm more, but also come to express agency and guilt over their daughters' responsibilities.ConclusionThis work reveals how class, childhood, whiteness, and gender intersect in the lives of financially struggling white mothers and daughters, and shows how family difference becomes coded language for classed experiences.
Daily fluctuations in social status, self‐esteem, and clinically relevant emotions: Testing hierometer theory and social rank theory at a within‐person level
Authors: Mahadevan Nikhila , Gregg Aiden P. , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionGrounded in hierometer theory and social rank theory, this research examined how within‐person fluctuations in social status relate to within‐person fluctuations in self‐esteem and several clinically relevant emotions. Both hierometer theory and social rank theory postulate that particular psychological mechanisms help individuals to navigate social hierarchies adaptively. However, hierometer theory emphasizes self‐esteem, whereas social rank theory emphasizes emotions—specifically, depression, anxiety, and shame.MethodsWe conducted a 10‐day diary study and analyzed the data using multilevel modeling. Participants (N = 345) completed daily measures of their social status, self‐esteem, depression, anxiety, shame, and guilt.ResultsOn days when their status was higher, participants reported higher self‐esteem and lower depression, anxiety, and shame. On days when their self‐esteem was higher, participants reported lower depression, anxiety, and shame. These patterns persisted after controlling for baseline individual differences. Furthermore, multilevel mediation analyses indicated that daily self‐esteem mediated the links between daily status, and, individually, daily depression, anxiety, and shame, but not guilt.ConclusionsSupporting hierometer theory and social rank theory, self‐esteem, and the clinically relevant emotions (except for guilt) appear to serve a status‐tracking function. Self‐esteem plays a more primary role, accounting for the link between status and depression, anxiety, and shame.
Social change at the local level: A psychobiography of Khali Sweeney from Detroit's downtown boxing gym
Authors: Case Amanda S. , Aguiñiga Sergio Maldonado , Hoxsey Abigail 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis psychobiography analyzes the life of Khali Sweeney from Detroit's Downtown Boxing Gym to understand his motivation for and methods as a social change agent. In doing so, the project also considers how to prepare the next generation of youth development leaders as social change agents.MethodWe conducted a nine‐step psychobiography based on recommendations from established psychobiographical methods. Using a team‐based, thematic analysis approach we analyzed contextual, first‐, second‐, and third‐ person data from the perspective of Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory (PVEST).ResultsResults suggest Khali is an effective social change agent due to five interrelated factors. Analyzing Khali's life through the lens of PVEST also revealed his experiences resulted in two realizations central to him becoming a social change agent: the people and services that are supposed to serve youth at times do not, and; individuals like him can step up to meet youth needs.ConclusionsResults point to several important lessons related to transformational leadership theory that can enable YDP leaders to serve as social change agents.
Unveiling biogeographical patterns in the worldwide distributed Ceratitis capitata (medfly) using population genomics and microbiome composition
Authors: Arias María Belén , Hartle‐Mougiou Katherine , Taboada Sergi , Vogler Alfried P. , Riesgo Ana , Elfekih Samia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvasive species are among the most important, growing threats to food security and agricultural systems. The Mediterranean medfly, Ceratitis capitata, is one of the most damaging representatives of a group of rapidly expanding species in the family Tephritidae, due to their wide host range and high invasiveness potential. Here, we used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to investigate the population genomic structure and phylogeographical history of medflies collected from six sampling sites, including Africa (South Africa), the Mediterranean (Spain, Greece), Latin America (Guatemala, Brazil) and Australia. A total of 1907 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to identify two genetic clusters separating native and introduced ranges, consistent with previous findings. In the introduced range, all individuals were assigned to one genetic cluster except for those in Brazil, which showed introgression of an additional genetic cluster that also appeared in South Africa, and which could not be previously identified using microsatellite markers. Moreover, we assessed the microbial composition variations in medfly populations from selected sampling sites using amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (V4 region). Microbiome composition and structure were highly similar across geographical regions and host plants, and only the Brazilian specimens showed increased diversity levels and a unique composition of its microbiome compared to other sampling sites. The unique SNP patterns and microbiome features in the Brazilian specimens could point to a direct migration route from Africa with subsequent adaptation of the microbiota to the specific conditions present in Brazil. These findings significantly improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of the global medfly invasions and their adaptation to newly colonized environments.
Morphological and odorant‐binding protein 1 gene intron 1 sequence variations inAnopheles stephensifrom Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Surendran Sinnathamby N. , Kesavan Laxshi , Jayadas Tibutius T. P. , Sivabalakrishnan Kokila , Tharsan Annathurai , Liyanagedara Nimasha , Eswaramohan Thampoe , Raveendran Selvarajah , Singh Om P. , Ramasamy Ranjan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThreeAnopheles stephensibiotypes have historically been differentiated through variations in the mode numbers of egg ridges and adult spiracular indices.Anopheles stephensiodorant‐binding protein 1 gene (AsteObp1) sequences in Iran and Afghanistan have been recently interpreted to suggest that the three biotypes are sibling species.AsteObp1intron 1 sequences, mode numbers of egg ridges and spiracular indices ofAn. stephensiin Jaffna city in Sri Lanka were therefore investigated in field‐collected mosquitoes and short‐term laboratory colonies established from them. AsteObp1intron 1 sequences revealed the region to be polymorphic with four unique sequences, ASJF1–4, present in both short‐term laboratory colonies and field‐collectedAn. stephensi. The spiracular index did not relate to the mode number of egg ridges in JaffnaAn. stephensi. The results suggested that numbers of egg ridges, spiracular indices andAsteObp1intron 1 sequences were not useful for differentiatingAn. stephensibiotypes in Jaffna. It is proposed that the observed differences betweenAn. stephensimosquitoes in Jaffna now result from normal population variance in the context of rapidly changing bionomics in India and northern Sri Lanka.
The genomic landscape of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours and a comprehensive analysis of recurrent cases
Authors: Pagès Mélanie , Debily Marie‐Anne , Fina Frédéric , Jones David T. W. , Saffroy Raphael , Castel David , Blauwblomme Thomas , Métais Alice , Bourgeois Marie , Lechapt‐Zalcman Emmanuèle , Tauziède‐Espariat Arnault , Andreiuolo Felipe , Chrétien Fabrice , Grill Jacques , Boddaert Nathalie , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Beroukhim Rameen , Varlet Pascale 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsDysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT) is a glioneuronal tumour that is challenging to diagnose, with a wide spectrum of histological features. Three histopathological patterns have been described: specific DNTs (both the simple form and the complex form) comprising the specific glioneuronal element, and also the non‐specific/diffuse form which lacks it, and has unclear phenotype–genotype correlations with numerous differential diagnoses.MethodsWe used targeted methods (immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridisation and targeted sequencing) and large‐scale genomic methodologies including DNA methylation profiling to perform an integrative analysis to better characterise a large retrospective cohort of 82 DNTs, enriched for tumours that showed progression on imaging.ResultsWe confirmed that specific DNTs are characterised by a single driver event with a high frequency of FGFR1 variants. However, a subset of DNA methylation‐confirmed DNTs harbour alternative genomic alterations to FGFR1 duplication/mutation. We also demonstrated that a subset of DNTs sharing the same FGFR1 alterations can show in situ progression. In contrast to the specific forms, “non‐specific/diffuse DNTs” corresponded to a heterogeneous molecular group encompassing diverse, newly‐described, molecularly distinct entities.ConclusionsSpecific DNT is a homogeneous group of tumours sharing characteristics of paediatric low‐grade gliomas: a quiet genome with a recurrent genomic alteration in the RAS‐MAPK signalling pathway, a distinct DNA methylation profile and a good prognosis but showing progression in some cases. The “non‐specific/diffuse DNTs” subgroup encompasses various recently described histomolecular entities, such as PLNTY and diffuse astrocytoma, MYB or MYBL1 altered.
The Arabidopsis WRR4A and WRR4B paralogous NLR proteins both confer recognition of multiple Albugo candida effectors
Authors: Redkar Amey , Cevik Volkan , Bailey Kate , Zhao He , Kim Dae Sung , Zou Zhou , Furzer Oliver J. , Fairhead Sebastian , Borhan M. Hossein , Holub Eric B. , Jones Jonathan D. G. 
Published: July 2022

Summary
The oomycete Albugo candida causes white blister rust, an important disease of Brassica crops. Distinct races of A. candida are defined by their capacity to infect different host plant species. Each A. candida race encodes secreted proteins with a CX2CX5G (‘CCG’) motif that are polymorphic and show presence/absence variation, and are therefore candidate effectors.
The White Rust Resistance 4 (WRR4) locus in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col‐0 contains three genes that encode intracellular nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat immune receptors. The Col‐0 alleles of WRR4A and WRR4B confer resistance to multiple A. candida races, although both WRR4A and WRR4B can be overcome by the Col‐0‐virulent race 4 isolate AcEx1.
Comparison of CCG candidate effectors in avirulent and virulent races, and transient co‐expression of CCG effectors from four A. candida races in Nicotiana sp. or A. thaliana, revealed CCG effectors that trigger WRR4A‐ or WRR4B‐dependent hypersensitive responses.
We found eight WRR4A‐recognised CCGs and four WRR4B‐recognised CCGs, the first recognised proteins from A. candida for which the cognate immune receptors in A. thaliana are known. This multiple recognition capacity potentially explains the broad‐spectrum resistance to several A. candida races conferred by WRR4 paralogues. We further show that of five tested CCGs, three confer enhanced disease susceptibility when expressed in planta, consistent with A. candida CCG proteins being effectors.
COVID‐19, obesity, and immune response 2 years after the pandemic: A timeline of scientific advances
Authors: Belchior‐Bezerra Mayara , Lima Rafael Silva , Medeiros Nayara I. , Gomes Juliana A. S. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn the 2 years since the COVID‐19 pandemic was officially declared, science has made considerable strides in understanding the disease's pathophysiology, pharmacological treatments, immune response, and vaccination, but there is still much room for further advances, especially in comprehending its relationship with obesity. Science has not yet described the mechanisms that explain how obesity is directly associated with a poor prognosis. This paper gathers all published studies over the past 2 years that have described immune response, obesity, and COVID‐19, a historical and chronological record for researchers and the general public alike. In summary, these studies describe how the cytokine/adipokine levels and inflammatory markers, such as the C‐reactive protein, are associated with a higher body mass index in COVID‐19‐positive patients, suggesting that the inflammatory background and immune dysregulation in individuals with obesity may be expressed in the results and that adiposity may influence the immune response. The timeline presented here is a compilation of the results of 2 years of scientific inquiry, describing how the science has progressed, the principal findings, and the challenges ahead regarding SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19, and emerging variants, especially in patients with obesity.
High‐quality ice plant reference genome analysis provides insights into genome evolution and allows exploration of genes involved in the transition from C3 to CAM pathways
Authors: Shen Shaoqin , Li Nan , Wang Yujie , Zhou Rong , Sun Pengchuan , Lin Hao , Chen Wei , Yu Tong , Liu Zhuo , Wang Zhiyuan , Tan Xiao , Zhu Changping , Feng Shuyan , Zhang Yu , Song Xiaoming 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIce plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), a member of the Aizoaceae family, is a typical halophyte crop and a model plant for studying the mechanism of transition from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Here, we report a high‐quality chromosome‐level ice plant genome sequence. This 98.05% genome sequence is anchored to nine chromosomes, with a total length of 377.97 Mb and an N50 scaffold of 40.45 Mb. Almost half of the genome (48.04%) is composed of repetitive sequences, and 24 234 genes have been annotated. Subsequent to the ancient whole‐genome triplication (WGT) that occurred in eudicots, there has been no recent whole‐genome duplication (WGD) or WGT in ice plants. However, we detected a novel WGT event that occurred in the same order in Simmondsia chinensis, which was previously overlooked. Our findings revealed that ice plants have undergone chromosome rearrangements and gene removal during evolution. Combined with transcriptome and comparative genomic data and expression verification, we identified several key genes involved in the CAM pathway and constructed a comprehensive network. As the first genome of the Aizoaceae family to be released, this report will provide a rich data resource for comparative and functional genomic studies of Aizoaceae, especially for studies on salt tolerance and C3‐to‐CAM transitions to improve crop yield and resistance.
Photosynthetic, Biochemical and Secondary Metabolite Changes in a Medicinal Plant Chlorophytum borivillianum (Safed musli) against Low and High Doses of UV‐B Radiation
Authors: Jaiswal Deepanshi , Pandey Avantika , Agrawal Madhoolika , Agrawal Shashi Bhushan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants are inevitably grown in presence of sunlight, therefore bound to be exposed to natural UV‐B radiation. Several studies have already been conducted with UV‐B and medicinal plants and only few studies showed dose dependent variation. The present study aims to find out the variations and adaptation in Chlorophytum borivillianum under two different doses of UV‐B radiation; ambient + low (3.2 kJm−2 d−1) and high (7.2 kJm−2 d−1) UV‐B dose, denoted as LD and HD, respectively. Reduction in photosynthetic rate was higher at HD, while plants receiving LD displayed nonsignificant variation. During vegetative and reproductive stage, significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) in stomatal conductance was obtained when exposed to HD‐eUV‐B. Fv/Fm showed more reductions in HD‐eUV‐B (12.6%) followed by LD‐eUV‐B (7.9%). Low and high doses of UV‐B enhanced the anthocyanin content but the increase was significant in HD, indicates epidermal protection strategy by the plants. Under LD‐eUV‐B, the content of saponin, a major phytochemical constituent was enhanced by 26%. Phytochemical analysis of roots revealed reduction mostly in fatty acid components whereas the steroidal components (stigmasterol and sarsasapogenin) showed enhancement in response to LD. The study suggests the importance of LD‐eUV‐B in the stimulation of medicinal compounds in C. borivillianum.