bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Physics Learning Difficulties in The Topic of Quantum Phenomena of Madrasah Aliyah Students in Indragiri Hulu
Authors: Mahmudah Rif’atul , Zulirfan Z. , Rahmad M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to analysis the learning difficulties experienced by class XII students in studying physics, quantum phenomena. For this purpose, we have surveyed 180 class XII students of MAN 1 Indragiri Hulu, Riau, Indonesia, as respondents. The survey was conducted by evaluating the respondents’ formative test results on quantum phenomena in the last three years and followed by interviews. Data analysis techniques were descriptive statistic as a quantitative analysis and interactive model as a qualitative analysis. Based on the analysis of the formative test data, it was found that 58% of respondents had learning difficulties in the very high category. Judging from understanding the concept of quantum phenomena which includes sub-topics: Black Body Radiation, Wien Shift Law, Photon Energy, Photoelectric Effects, Compton Effects, and X-Rays, the results of data analysis show that respondents’ mastery is below 30%. Meanwhile, based on interviews that have been conducted with some randomly selected respondents, it was found that the factors of respondents’ learning difficulties on the topic of Quantum Phenomena include: the topic is abstract, the teacher does not use engaging media and supports understanding, and the teacher’s teaching style is less variety.
Need analysis to develop a generative learning model with a cognitive conflict strategy oriented to creative thinking in the Computational Physics course
Authors: Akmam A , Hidayat R , Mufit F , Jalinus N , Amran A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The discovery learning model with the strategy of exploring questions no longer increases students’ understanding of Computational Physics, for this reason, a cognitive conflict-based generative learning model is developed. The The purpose of this needs analysis research was to determine the factors and aspects needed for the development of a cognitive conflict-based generative learning model in Computational Physics. This research was surveyed 132 students who have been and are currently attending Computational Physics lectures by using a questionnaire with a valid and reliable Likert Scale. Questionnaires were distributed through google form media for 20 days. The results showed that students needed a challenge given to each new topic to arouse curiosity and needed an assimilation process to build knowledge about Computational Physics. Students feel the need to think creatively to build knowledge of problem solving in Computational Physics. So, changes in strategies and methods as well as learning steps by lecturers are a must. Finally, The factor relationship model that affects the computational physics learning process is f(x) = 0.325X1 +0.224 X2 + 0.152X3. where X1 is attitude towards Computational Physics, X2 is teaching material and learning model, and X3 is learning style and creative thinking.
Developing an Energy Band Gap Model and its Usability from the perspective of Physics Undergraduate Students
Authors: Zakaria Nabila Anis , Supian Faridah Lisa , Darus Mazlina Mat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research aimed to develop an energy band gap model and determine its usability from the perspective of physics undergraduates from one of the public universities in Malaysia. This research design used is developmental research using the ADDIE model. Twenty eight respondents were selected using the simple random sampling technique from seventh semester physics students. The instruments used were validity form and questionnaires adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The validity data were analysed using the content validity index while the usability data were analysed descriptively using mean and standard deviation. The results showed that the energy gap model has a high value of CVI (1.00). In addition, the usability by mean and standard deviation are 3.75 and 0.45 respectively. In conclusion, the research has been successfully developed a model, and proven that it is valid and can be used in teaching and learning process.
Student responses to the development of online learning device based guided inquiry in mechanical waves matter
Authors: Nasbey Hadi , Serevina Vina , Putra Ihsan Hijria , Sriwati  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Online learning is an interactive activity with virtual application devices. This online learning has been developed in the concept of mechanical wave with Guided Inquiry learning model and scientific approach in the form of teaching device such as Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), Student Worksheets (LKS), assessment design, materials and sample questions. The purpose of this research is to describe the necessary and feasibility of online learning device based guided inquiry by exploring students’ responses developed to face the education challenges of 21st century on global pandemic era in remote areas with a research model 4D development. The benefit of this research is to support students in implementing distance learning. Assessment of the feasibility of the device is carried out by the validator experts with an average score is 81.9% for media, learning is 75.0% and 82.5% for material. This research was applied to 57 students. The result, stated the learning device with positive responses from students 81.12%. This means that students can follow by using and simulating online learning experiments. So, it is stated that the online learning device based guided inquiry in mechanical waves matter are deemed appropriate and required by students to support distance learning.
Development of Online Learning Tools Based on Computer Assisted Instruction Material for Newton’s Law of Gravity
Authors: Bakri Fauzi , Serevina V , Hartina M M , Aslamia D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to develop an online learning tool based on Computer Assisted Instruction. The research method used is Research and Development using the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development. Implementation, and Evaluation. This online learning tool was developed using e-learning media, namely the webbased student’s worksheet. This Computer Assisted Instruction based online learning tool has been tested on a limited basis for tenth grade students of public high school. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires based on the grid made using google form, starting from the stage of analyzing teacher-student needs, validating 3 experts, testing by teachers and documentation. The validation results were obtained by 82.875% from media experts, 80% from material experts and 82.42% from learning experts. Based on the analysis of the data that has been collected, it can be concluded that online learning tools based on Computer Assisted Instruction on Newton’s Law of Gravity are very good and feasible to develop.
Integrated assessment of urban water supply security and resilience: towards a streamlined approach
Authors: Krueger Elisabeth H , McPhearson Timon , Levin Simon A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Urbanization and competing water demand, as well as rising temperatures and changing weather patterns, are manifesting as gradual processes that increasingly challenge urban water supply security. Cities are also threatened by acute risks arising at the intersection of aging infrastructure, entrenched institutions, and the increasing occurrence of extreme weather events. To better understand these multi-layered, interacting challenges of providing urban water supply for all, while being prepared to deal with recurring shocks, we present an integrated analysis of water supply security in New York City and its resilience to acute shocks and chronic disturbances. We apply a revised version of a recently developed, quantitative framework (‘Capital Portfolio Approach’, CPA) that takes a social-ecological-technological systems perspective to assess urban water supply security as the performance of water services at the household scale. Using the parameters of the CPA as input, we use a coupled systems dynamics model to investigate the dynamics of services in response to shocks—under current conditions and in a scenario of increasing shock occurrence and a loss of system robustness. We find water supply security to be high and current response to shocks to be resilient thanks to past shock experiences. However, we identify a number of risks and vulnerability issues that, if unaddressed, might significantly impact the city’s water services in the mid-term future. Our findings have relevance to cities around the world, and raise questions for research about how security and resilience can and should be maintained in the future.
Progress in battery safety modeling
Authors: Deng Jie , Bae Chulheung , Denlinger Adam , Miller Theodore 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Battery safety is a critical factor in the design of electrified vehicles. As such, understanding the battery responses under extreme conditions have gained a lot of interest. Previously, abuse tolerance tests were applied to measure the safety metrics of different types of batteries. Nevertheless, conducting these tests in various conditions is usually expensive and time consuming. Computational modeling, on the other hand, provides an efficient and cost-effective tool to evaluate battery performance during abuse, and therefore has been widely used in optimizing the battery system design. In this Perspective, we discuss the main progresses and challenges in battery safety modeling. In particular, we divide the battery safety models into two groups according to the stage in a typical battery failure process. The first group focuses on predicting the failure conditions of batteries in different scenarios, while the second one aims to evaluate the hazard after the onset of battery failure like thermal runaway. Although the models in these groups serve different purposes, they are intercorrelated and their combination provides a better understanding of the failure process of a battery system. The framework, capabilities, and limitations of typical models in each group are presented here. The main challenges in building battery safety models and their future development and applications are also discussed.
SpikePro: a webserver to predict the fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Cia Gabriel , Kwasigroch Jean Marc , Rooman Marianne , Pucci Fabrizio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown a remarkable ability to evolve and spread across the globe through successive waves of variants since the original Wuhan lineage. Despite all the efforts of the last 2 years, the early and accurate prediction of variant severity is still a challenging issue which needs to be addressed to help, for example, the decision of activating COVID-19 plans long before the peak of new waves. Upstream preparation would indeed make it possible to avoid the overflow of health systems and limit the most severe cases.ResultsWe recently developed SpikePro, a structure-based computational model capable of quickly and accurately predicting the viral fitness of a variant from its spike protein sequence. It is based on the impact of mutations on the stability of the spike protein as well as on its binding affinity for the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and for a set of neutralizing antibodies. It yields a precise indication of the virus transmissibility, infectivity, immune escape and basic reproduction rate. We present here an updated version of the model that is now available on an easy-to-use webserver, and illustrate its power in a retrospective study of fitness evolution and reproduction rate of the main viral lineages. SpikePro is thus expected to be great help to assess the fitness of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in genomic surveillance and viral evolution programs.Availability and implementationSpikePro webserver http://babylone.ulb.ac.be/SpikePro/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Wrongful Conviction as Racialized Cumulative Disadvantage
Authors: Umamaheswar Janani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite a growing body of scholarship on wrongful convictions, research on the prison and pre-prison experiences of wrongfully-convicted men (including the racialized nature of these experiences) continues to be limited. In this article, I draw on in-depth interviews with 15 exonerated men in the United States to frame wrongful conviction as an experience of racialized cumulative disadvantage, defined as the accrual and perpetuation of socioeconomic, psychological, and emotional harms that disproportionately impact Black and Hispanic wrongfully-convicted men over the life course. Through this analysis, I reveal the intersecting and accumulating inequalities that are (re)produced by the processes that generate wrongful convictions and by the experience of wrongful imprisonment. In addition to underscoring the need for critical evaluation of the role of state actors responsible for wrongful convictions, these findings speak to the importance of restorative justice programs to support Black and Hispanic exonerees’ recovery following wrongful imprisonment.
Emotional bias modification weakens game-related compulsivity and reshapes frontostriatal pathways
Authors: Wu Lulu , Xu Jiahua , Song Kunru , Zhu Lei , Zhou Nan , Xu Linxuan , Liu Guanqun , Wang Ziliang , Wang Rui , Qin Shaozheng , Fang Xiaoyi , Zhang Jintao , Potenza Marc N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Addiction is characterized by compulsive engagement despite adverse consequences. Psychobehavioural interventions targeting compulsivity in addictions are relatively rare, particularly for behavioural addictions like internet gaming disorder (IGD). Free from confounding drug-on-brain effects, IGD provides a promising model for understanding neuropsychological processes of addictions. IGD is a global concern in the setting of increasing internet use worldwide. Thus, developing interventions and understanding their mechanisms of action are important. Positive emotional association biases (EABs) towards addiction cues based on reward conditioning may underlie addiction-associated compulsivity. Here, we developed an EAB modification (EABM) protocol and examined whether modifying EABs via cognitive training would alter neurocognitive aspects of addiction-associated compulsivity in IGD.
We recruited 90 IGD participants who were randomly assigned to receive EABM or sham training in a 1:1 ratio (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04068064). The EABM intervention involved six consecutive days of exposure to negative emotional terms linked to gaming stimuli and positive terms linked to non-gaming healthy-alternative stimuli. The sham training involved similar stimuli linked to neutral words. Participants underwent event-related functional MRI while performing a regulation-of-craving task and received several behavioural assessments pretraining and post-training. Primary efficacy measures were changes in gaming-related positive EABs, and compulsive gaming thoughts and behaviours.
Behaviourally, EABM (versus sham) training decreased gaming-related positive EABs and compulsive gaming thoughts and behaviours. Neurally, EABM training involved decreased activation in the bilateral dorsal striatum in the regulation-of-craving task and altered left dorsal striatum-centric functional connectivity with ventral prefrontal cortical regions, which correlated with decreases in gaming-related EABs or compulsive gaming thoughts and behaviours. EABM training also implicated activation changes in the right medial frontal gyrus and posterior insula.
EABM may reduce compulsive gaming thoughts and behaviours via reshaping functional organization of frontostriatal pathways and insular activity in IGD. The therapeutic potential of EABM should be examined in larger, longer-term studies, as should its application to other addictive disorders.
Functional Plasticity of Foraging Shelter Tubes Built by Termites
Authors: Chiu Chun-I , Chen Bo-Ye , Chang Fang-Chih , Kuan Kuan-Chi , Li Hou-Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial insects’ constructions are diverse and functionally flexible. We aimed to understand how termites modify their behavior and building material to change the function of a shelter tube. Construction behaviors of three termite species, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Nawa) (Blattodea: Termitidae), were recorded and analyzed. We measured the thickness and organic matter content of shelter tubes, and further tested their water loss and water drop resistance. All three termite species used a cement-brick construction procedure. The shelter tubes of C. formosanus and N. takasagoensis incorporating of woody material and feces present a strong resistance to water drops. Shelter tubes of the fungus-growing termite, O. formosanus, constructed using only soil and fluid secretion had a weak resistance to water drops. The trade-off between using feces to increase hydrophobicity of shelter tubes and using feces to grow fungus likely occurs in fungus-growing termites. Among intraspecific colonies, increasing the thickness of shelter tube improved resistance to water loss and water drops. This study demonstrated termites employed limited construction material and building behaviors to achieve functional plasticity of foraging shelter.
Not That Assertive: The EU’s Take on Enforcement of Labour Obligations in Its Free Trade Agreement with South Korea
Authors: Nissen Aleydis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 2011, the European Union (EU) concluded the first of a ‘new generation’ of free trade agreements that contained a separate chapter with obligations relating to ‘trade and sustainable development’ (TSD) issues. This was the Free Trade Agreement with the Republic of Korea. The EU formally initiated its first TSD complaint, under this agreement, in 2018. This labour complaint came after a non-paper of the European Commission promised ‘more assertive’ use of the soft dispute mechanism for TSD obligations, following years of pressure by various stakeholders. This non-paper remained apologetic about hard sanctions but promised a review in 2023. This article aims to study to what extent the EU delivered upon its promise to use the soft dispute mechanism more assertively during its first TSD proceedings. It finds that the EU was not prepared to act assertively in relation to certain issues (collective bargaining and the right to strike) and certain workers (in the public and export sectors) during the proceedings before the ad hoc Panel of Experts, which ended in 2021. It argues, in particular, that the EU missed a major opportunity to use its bargaining leverage vis-à-vis Korean consumer conglomerates.
Cancer diagnosis in primary care after second pandemic year in Catalonia: a time-series analysis of primary care electronic health records covering about 5 million people
Authors: Mora Núria , Guiriguet Carolina , Cantenys Roser , Méndez-Boo Leonardo , Marzo-Castillejo Mercè , Benítez Mència , Fina Francesc , Fàbregas Mireia , Hermosilla Eduardo , Mercadé Albert , Medina Manuel , Coma Ermengol 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of chronic disease had drastically been reduced due to health care interruptions. The aim of this study is to analyse cancer diagnosis during the last 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Time-series study of cancer diagnoses recorded in primary care settings, using data from the primary care electronic health records from January 2014 to December 2021. We obtained the expected monthly rate per 100,000 inhabitants using a time regression adjusted by trend and seasonality. We additionally compared rates of cancer diagnoses in 2019 with those of 2020 and 2021 using the t-test. We performed the analysis globally, by sex and by type of cancer.

Results
In 2020, the rate of cancer diagnoses had reduced by −21% compared to 2019 (P &lt; 0.05). Greater reductions were observed during the lockdown in early 2020 (&gt;40%) and with some types of cancers, especially prostate and skin cancers (−29.6% and −26.9%, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). Lung cancers presented statistically non-significant reductions in both years. Cancer diagnosis returned to expected around March 2021, and the rate in 2021 was similar to that of 2019 (overall difference of 0.21%, P = 0.967). However, an 11% reduction was still found when comparing the pandemic months of 2020–2021 with pre-pandemic months.

Conclusions
Although primary care cancer diagnoses in 2021 have returned to pre-pandemic levels, missing diagnoses during the last 2 years have not been fully recovered.
Expectable diversity patterns in wine yeast communities
Authors: de Celis Miguel , Ruiz Javier , Vicente Javier , Acedo Alberto , Marquina Domingo , Santos Antonio , Belda Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wine fermentations are dominated by Saccharomyces yeast. However, dozens of non-Saccharomyces yeast genera can be found in grape musts and in the early and intermediate stages of wine fermentation, where they co-exist with S. cerevisiae. The diversity of non-Saccharomyces species is determinant for the sensorial attributes of the resulting wines, both directly (by producing aroma impact compounds) and indirectly (modulating the performance of Saccharomyces). Many research groups worldwide are exploring the great diversity of wine yeasts to exploit their metabolic potential to improve wine flavor or to prevent wine spoilage. In this work, we share a new data set from a wide ITS amplicon survey of 272 wine samples, and we perform a preliminary exploration to build a catalogue of 242 fungal and yeast genera detectable in wine samples, estimating global figures of their prevalence and relative abundance patterns across wine samples. Thus, our mycobiome survey provides a broad measure of the yeast diversity potentially found in wine fermentations; we hope that the wine yeast research community finds it useful, and we also want to encourage further discussion on the advantages and limitations that meta-taxonomic studies may have in wine research and industry.