bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of fish attractant on hooking location of Lutjanus carponotatus and Epinephelus quoyanus caught with soft plastic and hard‐bodied lures
Authors: Diggles Ben K. , Ernst Ingo , Wesche Stephen , Scutt Katie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecreational fishing gear continues to evolve, and factors such as anatomical hooking location may change over time due to technology creep. We revisited studies conducted in 1996 by re‐examining hooking location in experiments where hard‐bodied and soft plastic lures were presented to stripey (Lutjanus carponotatus) and wire netting cod (Epinephelus quoyanus) either with or without application of a synthetic fish attractant. These data were compared to those of fish hooked on organic bait using circle or J‐style hooks. Lure type and application of attractant both significantly affected hooking location. Addition of attractant to hard‐bodied lures reduced foul hooking of both species. For L. carponotatus, soft plastic lures both with and without attractant tended to be taken deeper than hard‐bodied lures. For E. quoyanus captured on soft plastic lures coated with attractant, hooking locations were similar to those using organic baits on circle hooks. However, deepest hooking of both species occurred using organic bait on J‐style hooks. The use of soft plastic lures with an effective fish attractant may result in deeper hooking, which could potentially influence post‐release survival and increase fishing power.
Influences of multiple anthropogenic disturbances coupled with a tailings dam rupture on spatiotemporal variation in fish assemblages of a tropical river
Authors: Salvador Gilberto N. , Montag Luciano F. A. , Hughes Robert M. , Almeida Sara M. , Prudente Bruno S. , Pessali Tiago C. , Barroso Tobias A. , Cianciaruso Marcus V. , Ligeiro Raphael , Juen Leandro , Carlucci Marcos B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The Mariana disaster, resulting from the rupture of the Fundão tailings storage facility (TSF) in 2015, was a large‐scale environmental disaster that drastically affected the entire channel of the Rio Doce, southeastern Brazil. The disaster produced substantial channel siltation, increased turbidity, riparian damage and a massive fish kill. However, the Rio Doce basin has a long history of environmental degradation, including hydroelectric dams. The latter are major threats to the ichthyofauna because they affect flow regimes, trap sediments and large wood, select generalist species, impair fish migrations and favour non‐native invasive species. In this study, we analysed the effects of the rupture as well as impacts from the construction of a run‐of‐the‐river hydroelectric dam on native and non‐native fish abundances, and species richness and composition in the middle Rio Doce.

To do this, we examined fish survey data collected before and after each disturbance upriver of the reservoir, in the reservoir area and downriver of the dam. The data were separated into three temporal intervals: free‐flowing river, post‐filling reservoir and post‐TSF disaster. To assess temporal changes in native and non‐native fish species richness, we used a rarefaction method and tested it with two‐way ANOVA, which also was used to compare fish abundances. To test temporal changes in fish assemblage composition we used a PERMANOVA test.

We observed no significant differences in total native or non‐native species richness as a result of the dam or the disaster. However, we did observe increased non‐native individual abundances after the TSF rupture as well as native individual abundances, depending on the location studied. The assemblage composition also changed after dam construction and the TSF rupture, except for the upriver reach after dam construction.

We conclude that both the dam and the TSF rupture affected fish assemblages, favouring increased non‐native abundances, and also changed fish assemblage composition.

Our results suggest that a century of landscape and riverscape pressures had extirpated the sensitive fishes from the Rio Doce before the TSF rupture. We conclude that multiple long‐term chronic disturbances can be as harmful to aquatic biota as the acute effects of a major environmental disaster.
Varieties of connections, varieties of corruption: Evidence from bureaucrats in five countries
Authors: Harris Adam S. , Meyer‐Sahling Jan‐Hinrik , Mikkelsen Kim Sass , Schuster Christian , Seim Brigitte , Sigman Rachel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhy do some bureaucrats engage in corruption for personal gain, yet others for political gain? We show that these forms of corruption frequently do not coincide and offer an explanation: bureaucrats hired based on political and personal connections have different identities and incentives which compel them to engage in corruption for political and personal gain respectively. List experiments with a unique sample of 6400 bureaucrats in five countries in Africa and Asia support our argument. As theoretically expected, effects are strongest for bureaucrats whose political patrons remain in power (for corruption for political gain) and who do not need corruption gains to sustain their households (for corruption for personal gain). We also find that personal connections matter more than political connections for bureaucratic recruitment across surveyed countries. Our findings underscore the importance of studying varieties of bureaucratic corruption and of supplementing the politicization literature with studies of personal connections in bureaucracy.
Prevalence of fatty liver and advanced fibrosis by ultrasonography and FibroScan in a general population random sample
Authors: Nagaoki Yuko , Sugiyama Aya , Mino Megumi , Kodama Hiroomi , Abe Kanon , Imada Hirohito , Ouoba Serge , E Bunthen , Ko Ko , Akita Tomoyuki , Sako Toru , Kumada Takashi , Chayama Kazuaki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimFatty liver is the most common liver disease. This study examined fatty liver and advanced fibrosis prevalence in a random sample of the Japanese general population.MethodsA total of 6000 people randomly selected from two cities in Hiroshima Prefecture were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional study originally carried out for hepatitis virus screening. Ultrasonography and FibroScan (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP] and liver stiffness measurement [LSM]) were provided as additional tests.ResultsOf 6000 invited individuals, 1043 participated in hepatitis virus screening, of which 488 randomly selected individuals (median age, 56 years; interquartile range, 45–68 years; male participants, 49.8%) underwent ultrasonography, CAP, and LSM. Ultrasonography showed fatty liver in 24.6% and mild fatty liver in 32.8%. Controlled attenuation parameter showed severe steatosis in 27.5%, moderate steatosis in 12.5%, and mild steatosis in 11.1%. Overall, 62.1% were diagnosed with fatty liver based on ultrasonography or CAP. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence was 50.6%. Liver stiffness measurement found cirrhosis in 1.0% and severe fibrosis in 1.8%. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with ≥F2 or higher liver fibrosis showed that age ≥60 years and above (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–6.9; p = 0.0031), hepatitis C virus antibody positivity (AOR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.0–68.4; p = 0.0467), and fatty liver (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–6.2; p = 0.0317) are independent risk factors.ConclusionsIn the general population, 62.1% had fatty liver, and NAFLD prevalence was twice as high as previously reported. Screening that is noninvasive, low‐cost, and does not require special techniques or equipment is needed to detect advanced liver fibrosis.
Elucidation of the signalling pathways for enhanced exosome release from Mycobacterium‐infected macrophages and subsequent induction of differentiation
Authors: Singh Arpana , Das Kaushik , Banerjee Sampali , Sen Prosenjit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles released by all cell types; perform several important functions such as cell‐to‐cell communication, growth, differentiation and so on. Exosomes elicit several signalling mechanisms as they carry information in the form of DNA, RNA or protein docked on them. We show that exosomes released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)‐infected macrophages not only induce differentiation of naïve monocytes but also generate functionally active macrophages via MAPK‐dependent signalling mechanism through MK‐2 and NF‐κβ activation which is completely different from the differentiation induced by exosomes from uninfected macrophages. Further, we elucidate unequivocally the signalling mechanism behind the enhanced release of exosome generation from infected macrophages driven by AKT phosphorylation involving Rab7a and Rab11a. Genes of both ESCRT‐dependent and ‐independent pathways are found to be involved in enhanced exosomes release and are modulated by AKT. However, interestingly, the genes of the ESCRT‐independent pathway are dependent on NF‐κβ activation while the genes of the dependent pathway are not, suggesting two parallel signalling cascades operating in tandem.
Microstructure and conductivity of blacklight‐sintered TiO2, YSZ, and Li0.33La0.57TiO3
Authors: Porz Lukas , Scherer Michael , Muhammad Qaisar Khushi , Higuchi Kimitaka , Li Yan , Koga Shuhei , Nakamura Atsutomo , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Frömling Till 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRapid densification of ceramics has been realized and its merits were demonstrated through multiple approaches out of which UHS and flash sintering attract recent attention. So far, however, scalability remains difficult. A rise in throughput and scalability is enabled by the introduction of blacklight sintering powered by novel light source technology. Intense illumination with photon energy above the bandgap (blacklight) allows high absorption efficiency and, hence, very rapid, contactless heating for all ceramics. While heating the ceramic directly with light without any furnace promises scalability, it simultaneously offers highly accurate process control. For the technology transfer to industry, attainable material quality needs to be assured. Here, we demonstrate the excellent microstructure quality of blacklight‐sintered ceramics observed with ultrahigh voltage electron microscopy revealing an option to tune nanoporosity. Moreover, we confirm that electronic, electron, oxygen, and lithium‐ion conductivities are equal to conventionally sintered ceramics. This gives the prospect of transmitting the merits of rapid densification to the scale of industrial kilns.
The dual role of bismuth in Li2O–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses along the orthoborate join
Authors: Topper Brian , Tsekrekas Elizabeth M. , Greiner Lucas , Youngman Randall E. , Kamitsos Efstratios I. , Möncke Doris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structures of glasses in the lithium–bismuth orthoborate composition range deviate significantly from the short‐range order structure of the two crystalline end‐members. Although binary Li3BO3 and BiBO3 are solely of comprised trigonal orthoborate anions, all glasses formed by their combination contain four‐coordinated borate tetrahedra. We analyze the structure of (75−1.5x)Li2O–xBi2O3–(25+0.5x)B2O3 glasses in increments of x = 5, with 11B magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. For the full series, the oxygen‐to‐boron ratio remains constant at O/B = 3:1. NMR quantifies an increase in the fraction of tetrahedral boron with increasing bismuth oxide content. Evolution of the mid‐IR profile suggests multiple types of tetrahedral boron sites. Raman spectroscopy reveals that Bi2O3 tends to cluster within the lithium borate matrix when initially introduced and that this behavior transforms into a bismuthate network with increasing bismuth oxide content. In all cases, mixed Bi–O–B linkages are observed. The dual role of bismuth as network modifier and network former is likewise observed in the far IR. The glass transition temperature continuously increases with bismuth oxide content; however, the glass stability displays a maximum in the multicomponent glass of x = 40.
Parents with intellectual disability reporting on factors affecting their caregiving in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Forslund Tommie , Fernqvist Stina , Tegler Helena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundParents with intellectual disability are vulnerable to parenting stress and overwhelming life events. The COVID‐19 pandemic constitutes a potentially overwhelming event, but there is little knowledge concerning the effects on parents' caregiving. The present study aimed to fill this gap.MethodSemi‐structured interviews with 10 Swedish parents with intellectual disability were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsOne broad caregiving‐related theme: increased caregiving demands and reduced resources for coping resulting in strained parent–child interactions and relationships. Four subthemes highlighted influential factors: pandemic information, professional support, social relationships and informal support, and children's school activities. Strained parent–child interactions were particularly common in the absence of adapted pandemic information, if professional and informal support were compromised, and if the parents had dealt with school‐related changes.ConclusionsFindings support contextual models of caregiving and a stress‐resources perspective, and emphasise the importance of adapted information and support to parents with intellectual disability during crises.
The use of social media among high school students and its relationship with the perception of loneliness: A pilot study
Authors: Kitiş Yeter , Dağci Büşra , Köse Neslihan , Geniş Çiğdem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical, psychological, and social impairments are becoming more common in the world due to internet use and excessive use.PurposeThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between social media addiction (SMA) and the perception of loneliness in the high school period when peer influence is important.MethodologyThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with a total of 988 students studying at four high schools in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, in the fall semester of 2019‐2020. The research data were collected using Introductory Information Form, Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), and UCLA Loneliness Scale.ResultsAccording to the findings, 67.2% of the students had different degrees of SMA. It was found that 7.8% of the students had a high or very high degree of addiction. Loneliness levels of the students were found to be high (UCLA mean 62.78). A strong negative correlation (p < 0.01) was found between loneliness and all the subscales of the SMAS except the busyness subscale.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the social media addiction and the perception of loneliness in high school students are related at a level that cannot be ignored. Future research should evaluate social media addiction and loneliness together with other psychological markers.
Bateman gradients reflect variation in sexual selection in a species with dynamic sex roles
Authors: Hare Robin M. , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBateman gradients, the slope of the regression of reproductive success on mating success, are among the most commonly reported measures of sexual selection. They are particularly insightful in species with reversed sex roles, where females are expected to be under sexual selection. We measured Bateman gradients in replicate experimental populations of the spermatophore gift‐giving bushcricket Kawanaphila nartee (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). In this species, the operational sex ratio (OSR) and thus the sex competing for mates varies depending on the availability of pollen food resources: under pollen‐limited regimens females are more competitive, whereas under pollen‐rich regimens males are more competitive. We maintained populations in enclosures with either limited or supplemented pollen and calculated Bateman gradients for males and females under both conditions. Bateman gradients were significantly positive in males, and the slope was steeper in pollen‐supplemented populations where the OSR was more male‐biased. Bateman gradients for females were shallow and nonsignificant regardless of pollen availability. Our results show that the strength of sexual selection on males can depend on environmental context. The lack of significant gradients among females may reflect experimental limitations on our ability to estimate Bateman gradients in female K nartee.
Screening naturally mildewed maize kernels based on Raman hyperspectral imaging coupled with machine learning classifiers
Authors: Long Yuan , Wang Qingyan , Tian Xi , Zhang Bin , Huang Wenqian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMildewed maize kernels were common in nature and they were harmful to humans and livestocks. Therefore, it is essential to screen the mildewed maize kernels and improve food security. In this study, Raman hyperspectral imaging technique was used to screen the mildewed maize kernels. Hyperspectral imaging of both embryo‐up and embryo‐down side were taken into consideration and the effect of their weight ratio on the screening accuracy was compared. Pixel‐wise approach and object‐wise approach were both analyzed and different variables selection methods were applied to optimize the input variables. Six machine learning classifiers including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), extreme learning machine (ELM), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), and naive Bayes classifier (NBC) were used to establish the screening models. The results exhibited 19 variables selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) method from the weight ratio of 3:7 based on object‐wise approach were the most suitable for establishment of screening model with accuracy of 90.63% in the testing set. The microscopic mechanism of mildewed maize kernels was illustrated by micro‐fluorescence imaging. The study showed that Raman hyperspectral imaging combined with both embryo‐up and embryo‐down sides of maize kernels could be used as effective methods to improve the accuracy of screening mildewed maize kernels.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides a comprehensive analysis about the pixels and both sides of maize kernels and gives a nondestructive screening method based on both sides of maize kernels for the mildewed detection. According the mildew of maize kernels, enterprises can effectively improve the storage efficiency of maize kernels to reduce economic losses.
Effect of the STRIDE fall injury prevention intervention on falls, fall injuries, and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Ganz David A. , Yuan Anita H. , Greene Erich J. , Latham Nancy K. , Araujo Katy , Siu Albert L. , Magaziner Jay , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Wu Albert W. , Alexander Neil B. , Wallace Robert B. , Greenspan Susan L. , Rich Jeremy , Volpi Elena , Waring Stephen C. , Dykes Patricia C. , Ko Fred , Resnick Neil M. , McMahon Siobhan K. , Basaria Shehzad , Wang Rixin , Lu Charles , Esserman Denise , Dziura James , Miller Michael E. , Travison Thomas G. , Peduzzi Peter , Bhasin Shalender , Reuben David B. , Gill Thomas M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFalls are common in older adults and can lead to severe injuries. The Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE) trial cluster‐randomized 86 primary care practices across 10 health systems to a multifactorial intervention to prevent fall injuries, delivered by registered nurses trained as falls care managers, or enhanced usual care. STRIDE enrolled 5451 community‐dwelling older adults age ≥70 at increased fall injury risk.MethodsWe assessed fall‐related outcomes via telephone interviews of participants (or proxies) every 4 months. At baseline, 12 and 24 months, we assessed health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) using the EQ‐5D‐5L and EQ‐VAS. We used Poisson models to assess intervention effects on falls, fall‐related fractures, fall injuries leading to hospital admission, and fall injuries leading to medical attention. We used hierarchical longitudinal linear models to assess HRQOL.ResultsFor recurrent event models, intervention versus control incidence rate ratios were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.00; p = 0.048) for falls, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.80–1.08; p = 0.337) for self‐reported fractures, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73–1.07; p = 0.205) for adjudicated fractures, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77–1.07; p = 0.263) for falls leading to hospital admission, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.89–1.06; p = 0.477) for falls leading to medical attention. Similar effect sizes (non‐significant) were obtained for dichotomous outcomes (e.g., participants with ≥1 events). The difference in least square mean change over time in EQ‐5D‐5L (intervention minus control) was 0.009 (95% CI, −0.002 to 0.019; p = 0.106) at 12 months and 0.005 (95% CI, −0.006 to 0.015; p = 0.384) at 24 months.ConclusionsAcross a standard set of outcomes typically reported in fall prevention studies, we observed modest improvements, one of which was statistically significant. Future work should focus on patient‐, practice‐, and organization‐level operational strategies to increase the real‐world effectiveness of interventions, and improving the ability to detect small but potentially meaningful clinical effects.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02475850.
The association of a frailty index from laboratory tests and vital signs with clinical outcomes in hospitalized older adults
Authors: Ysea‐Hill Otoniel , Gomez Christian J. , Mansour Natalie , Wahab Kamal , Hoang Mihn , Labrada Mabel , Ruiz Jorge G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrailty, a state of vulnerability to stressors resulting from loss of physiological reserve due to multisystemic dysfunction, is common among hospitalized older adults. Hospital clinicians need objective and practical instruments that identify older adults with frailty. The FI‐LAB is based on laboratory values and vital signs and may capture biological changes of frailty that predispose hospitalized older adults to complications. The study's aim was to assess the association of the FI‐LAB versus VA‐FI with hospital and post‐hospital clinical outcomes in older adults.MethodsRetrospective cohort study was conducted on Veterans aged ≥60 admitted to a VA hospital. We identified acute hospitalizations January 2011‐December‐2014 with 1‐year follow‐up. A 31‐item FI‐LAB was created from blood laboratory tests and vital signs collected within the first 48 h of admission and scores were categorized as low (<0.25), moderate (0.25–0.40), and high (>0.40). For each FI‐LAB group, we obtained odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for hospital and post‐hospital outcomes using multivariate binomial logistic regression. Additionally, we calculated hazard ratios (HR) and CI for all‐cause in‐hospital mortality comparing the high and moderate FI‐LAB group with the low group.ResultsPatients were 1407 Veterans, mean age 72.7 (SD = 9.0), 67.8% Caucasian, 96.1% males, 47.0% (n = 661), 41.0% (n = 577), and 12.0% (n = 169) were in the low, moderate, and high FI‐LAB groups, respectively. Moderate and high scores were associated with prolonged LOS, OR:1.62 (95% CI:1.29–2.03); and 3.36 (95% CI:2.27–4.99), ICU admission, OR:1.40 (95% CI:1.03–1.90); and OR:2.00 (95% CI:1.33–3.02), nursing home placement OR:2.36 (95% CI:1.26–4.44); and 5.99 (95% CI:2.83–12.70), 30‐day readmissions OR:1.74 (95% CI:1.20–2.52); and 2.20 (95% CI:1.30–3.74), 30‐day mortality OR: 2.51 (95% CI:1.01–6.23); and 8.97 (95% CI:3.42–23.53), 6‐month mortality OR:3.00 (95% CI:1.90–4.74); and 6.16 (95% CI:3.55–10.71), and 1‐year mortality OR: 2.66 (95% CI:1.87–3.79); and 4.76 (95% CI:3.00–7.54) respectively. The high FI‐LAB group showed higher risk of in‐hospital mortality, HR:18.17 (95% CI:4.01–80.52) with an area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.843 (95% CI:0.75–0.93).ConclusionsHigh and moderate FI‐LAB scores were associated with worse in‐hospital and post‐hospital outcomes. The FI‐LAB may identify hospitalized older patients with frailty at higher risk and assist clinicians in implementing strategies to improve outcomes.