bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruminal protein degradability of sunflower cake, and effects of feeding sunflower cake on nutrient digestion, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites compared with soybean meal
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Asano Sanae , Okada Rika , Takaya Hinako , Tunokami Risa , Takahashi Kei , Kajikawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ruminal degradation parameters of sunflower cake (SFC), a by‐product left after the mechanical extraction of oil from sunflower seeds, were estimated in an in situ experiment using a cow. And also the effect of feeding SFC on nutrient digestibilities, digestible energy, nitrogen balance, and ruminal and blood properties were investigated in a feeding trial using four Shiba goats compared isonitrogenously with soybean meal (SBM). The in situ results demonstrated that the SFC had high soluble protein (>70%) with 97% total degradable protein. The feeding trial revealed that the SFC had 85% crude protein digestibility and 65% total digestible nutrients on a dry matter basis in which the low carbohydrate digestibilities offset the advantage of high digestible fat (9.9%). The nitrogen efficiency (retained N/intake N) was lower for SFC than SBM, probably because of an inferior biological value of amino acids in SFC. Among the ruminal and blood properties, only the total ruminal acid concentration and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) differed significantly between the diets: The SFC diet showed lower values than the SBM diet. These findings indicate that SFC can safely replace SBM.
Distribution characteristics and regulation of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues of sheep grown in natural grazing environment
Authors: Han Yongli , Liang Chen , Manthari Ram Kumar , Yu Yuxiang , Zhang Jianhai , Wang Jundong , Cao Jinling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe composition of amino acid and fatty acid has a vital function on meat quality and animal health. However, the underlying mechanism of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in sheep during different grazing periods is still unclear. In this study, a total of 12 sheep were employed in different grazing periods. Our results showed that the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues was significantly altered between dry grass (DG) period and green grass (GG) period. Changes in the activities of the metabolism‐related enzymes including BCKD, BCAT2, ACC, SCD, HSL, GSK3β, p‐GSK3β, and FABP4 were observed in muscle and adipose during different grazing periods. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of ACC, FAS, SCD, HSL, LPL, and DGAT1 in muscle and adipose tissue were changed markedly in different grazing periods. Furthermore, the expression levels of mTOR and β‐catenin/PPARγ/C/EBPα pathway‐related proteins were predominantly altered in muscle and adipose among DG and GG. Taken together, all investigations simplified the process of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism disorders caused by different grazing periods, and the mTOR and β‐catenin/PPARγ/C/EBPα play the essential role in this process, which provided an underlying mechanism of metabolism and meat quality.
Development and validation of a bleeding risk prediction score for patients with mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves receiving long‐term warfarin therapy
Authors: Phetroong Sararat , Nathisuwan Surakit , Chindavijak Busba , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Sapoo Ubonwan , Sookananchai Bancha , Priksri Watcharapong , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: September 2022

AimsThis study aimed to develop and validate a new bleeding risk score to predict warfarin‐associated major bleeding for patients with mitral valve stenosis with atrial fibrillation (MSAF) or mechanical heart valves (MHV).MethodsA multicentre, retrospective cohort study was conducted at 3 hospitals in Thailand. Adult patients with MSAF or MHV receiving warfarin for ≥3 months during 2011–2015 were identified. Data collection and case validation were performed electronically and manually. Potential variables were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using stepwise backward selection was used to construct a risk score. Predictive discrimination of the score was evaluated using the C‐statistic. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test.ResultsThere were 1287 patients (3903.41 patient‐year of follow‐up), with 192 experiencing bleeding (4.92 event/100 patient‐year) in the derivation cohort. A new bleeding risk score termed, the HEARTS‐60 + 3 score (hypertension/history of bleeding; external factors, e.g., alcohol/drugs [aspirin or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs]; anaemia/hypoalbuminaemia; renal/hepatic insufficiency; time in therapeutic range of <60%; stroke; age ≥60 y; target international normalized ratio of 3.0 [2.5–3.5]), was developed and showed good predictive performance (C‐statistic [95% confidence interval] of 0.88 [0.85–0.91]). In the external validation cohort of 832 patients (2018.45 patient‐year with a bleeding rate of 4.31 event/100 patient‐year), the HEARTS‐60 + 3 score showed a good predictive performance with a C‐statistic (95% confidence interval) of 0.84 (0.81–0.89).ConclusionThe HEARTS‐60 + 3 score shows a potential as a bleeding risk prediction score in MSAF or MHV patients.
Acceptance of stakeholder comments during EMA scientific guideline public consultations: Legitimacy of the quadruple helix model of innovation
Authors: Heikkinen Inkatuuli , Torqui Aimad 
Published: September 2022

AimsGuidelines establish a framework for how therapeutics and vaccines are developed, assessed and approved. They influence which innovations are likely to be approved in the European Union (EU), and thus, they have an impact on the pipeline decisions taken by research‐based industry. This study analyses the level of acceptance for changes suggested by stakeholders within the authoring groups at the European Medicines Agency (EMA).MethodsWe looked at 87 guidelines from EMA Working Parties (WPs) launched for consultation between 2013 and 2017. Acceptance of stakeholder proposals and the time between the end of consultation and guideline adoption were studied as well as the openness of different WPs to accept changes.ResultsAdoption of a guideline after the close of public consultation took at least 4 months, with an average of 12–16 months. The number of accepted and rejected comments were nearly equal across the stakeholders, with government having slightly higher chance for acceptance. Academia and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) had generally higher chances to have their comments accepted for general and indication‐level guidelines. Government and individual companies had highest acceptance for molecule‐level guidelines and trade associations for indication‐level guidelines. Only a third of the comments related to scientific content of the guideline.ConclusionThis pattern of progress in regulatory science at EMA demonstrates the essential and interrelated role of academia, industry, government and civil society—described as the quadruple helix model—to promote establishment of a strong innovation ecosystem in Europe.
Clinical outcomes and immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Rajput Roma V. , Ma Xiaoyang , Boswell Kristin L. , Gaudinski Martin , Gordon Ingelise , Novik Laura , Groarke Emma M. , Lotter Jennifer , Superata Jeanine , Rios Olga J. , Darden Ivana , Lin Bob C. , Jean‐Baptiste Nazaire , Carroll Robin , Moore Christopher , Trost Jessica , Naisan Mursal , Willis Jacquelyn , Serebryannyy Leonid , Wang Jennifer L. , Prabhakaran Madhu , Narpala Sandeep R. , Koup Richard A. , McDermott Adrian , Wu Colin O. , Young Neal S. , Patel Bhavisha A. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPatients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) are often not vaccinated against viruses due to concerns of ineffective protective antibody response and potential for pathogenic global immune system activation, leading to relapse. We evaluated the impact of COVID‐19 vaccination on haematological indices and disease status and characterized the humoural and cellular responses to vaccination in 50 SAA patients, who were previously treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST). There was no significant difference in haemoglobin (p = 0.52), platelet count (p = 0.67), absolute lymphocyte (p = 0.42) and neutrophil (p = 0.98) counts prior to and after completion of vaccination series. Relapse after vaccination, defined as a progressive decline in counts requiring treatment, occurred in three patients (6%). Humoural response was detectable in 90% (28/31) of cases by reduction in an in‐vitro Angiotensin II Converting Enzyme (ACE2) binding and neutralization assay, even in patients receiving ciclosporin (10/11, 90.1%). Comparison of spike‐specific T‐cell responses in 27 SAA patients and 10 control subjects revealed qualitatively similar CD4+ Th1‐dominant responses to vaccination. There was no difference in CD4+ (p = 0.77) or CD8+ (p = 0.74) T‐cell responses between patients on or off ciclosporin therapy at the time of vaccination. Our data highlight appropriate humoural and cellular responses in SAA previously treated with IST and true relapse after vaccination is rare.
Bacteria with potential: Improving outcomes through probiotic use following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Nowicki Kylie N. , Pories Walter J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryObesity impairs the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) and may promote micronutrient deficiencies. Bariatric surgery (BS), the most efficacious treatment for severe obesity, produces sustained weight loss and improvements in obesity‐related comorbidities, but might not fully restore microbial balance. Moreover, BS may result in deleterious consequences that affect weight loss and further intensify post‐operative micronutrient deficiencies. To date, the use of probiotics appears to be associated with greater weight loss in bariatric patients, improved vitamin synthesis and availability, and decreased instances of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Thus, manipulation of the GM through probiotics represents a promising therapeutic approach in bariatric patients. This review aims to highlight the benefits of using probiotics in bariatric surgical patients by addressing the impact of probiotics on the GM, how BS impacts the microbial environment, associations between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and negative health outcomes, how BS contributes to dysbiosis, and how probiotics may prove efficacious in treating patients who undergo Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Based on currently available data, the role of microbial manipulation post‐RYGB through probiotics has shown great potential, but a further clinical investigation is warranted to better understand their efficacy.
StomaCare: quality of life impact after enhanced follow‐up of ostomy patients by a home healthcare nursing service—a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: de Ponthaud Charles , Roupret Morgan , Vernerey Dewi , Audenet François , Brouquet Antoine , Cotte Eddy , Cuvillier Xavier , Kanso Frédéric , Meurette Guillaume , Ledaguenel Patrick , Maggiori Léon , Neuzillet Yann , Ouaissi Mehdi , Roumiguié Mathieu , Phé Véronique , VUONG Nam‐Son , Parc Yann , Lefèvre Jérémie H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimA stoma exposes patients to several complications which could impair their quality of life (QoL). In the last decade, the market for stoma therapy in France has evolved, with a significant increase in the activities of home health providers, meeting a need for patient follow‐up and companionship. International studies have demonstrated the impact of the stoma therapist (ST) follow‐up on the improvement of an ostomy patient's QoL. However, the impact of home stoma nurse management has not been analysed. In this context we would like to assess the added value on health‐related QoL from the enhanced follow‐up of ostomy patients by STs.MethodsThis is a randomized, controlled, open, national and multicentre trial (12 centres) which includes patients with an ostomy who benefit from either standard follow‐up or from an enhanced and personalized follow‐up with, in particular, regular consultations with an ST after discharge. The primary end‐point is the 3‐month QoL score obtained from the Stoma‐QoL questionnaire. The secondary end‐points are satisfaction of the care, comparison of QoL scores (Stoma‐QoL and EuroQuol EQ‐5D) and the economic gains by calculating the consumption of resources between the two arms. There will be a modified intention‐to‐treat analysis with 6‐month follow‐up in both study arms.DiscussionThe StomaCare trial will be the first randomized controlled study in France to evaluate the impact on QoL of an enhanced follow‐up at home of ostomy patients by an ST.
Evaluation of the potential complication of interstitial lung disease associated with antifibrotic drugs using data from databases reporting spontaneous adverse effects
Authors: Nawa Hideki , Hamano Hirofumi , Niimura Takahiro , Miyata Koji , Yagi Kenta , Goda Mitsuhiro , Zamami Yoshito , Ishizawa Keisuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD), as an adverse effect of certain drugs, leads to inflammation and damage in the walls of the alveoli, making it difficult for the alveoli to take up oxygen. Interstitial pneumonia with no identifiable cause is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), and, among the major IIPs, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is diagnosed in about half of patients. Current treatment options are limited, among which the antifibrotic drugs nintedanib (Ofev) and pirfenidone (Pirespa) are the first‐line drugs. In this study, we investigated the incidence of ILD possibly caused by antifibrotic agents using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database, a database of spontaneous adverse event reports published by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), published by the FDA. We used the FAERS and JADER to detect the signals of adverse events on the basis of reporting odds ratios. The relationship between indications and adverse events was clarified by separating indications and adverse events using the spontaneous adverse event reporting database with novel drug involvement. Regarding the involvement of nintedanib and pirfenidone in the development of ILD, JADER and FAERS showed signals for both nintedanib and pirfenidone as suspect drugs, and no signals for nintedanib or pirfenidone as concomitant drug interactions were detected. We highlight this because there are only a few effective drugs for IPF, and effective and safe drug therapies should be implemented by taking into consideration drug‐induced ILD.
Insights into the spatio‐temporal variability of spawning in a territorial coastal fish by combining observations, modelling and literature review
Authors: Di Stefano Marine , Legrand Térence , Di Franco Antonio , Nerini David , Rossi Vincent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn bipartite life cycle fishes, spawning represents the onset of propagules dispersal, with eggs and larvae experiencing anisotropic transport and high mortality rates, before eventually metamorphosing and settling. Hence, early‐life stages operate as bottlenecks for population demography by strongly constraining recruitment. Despite its significance, spawning is rarely explicitly considered in ecosystem management due to a lack of knowledge, for many species, about where and when spawning occurs. Previous evidences suggest that temperature is among the main drivers of spawning in Teleosts. Using the ecologically and economically relevant white seabream Diplodus sargus in the central Mediterranean Sea as a case study, we assess the abiotic factors that regulate the onset and duration of spawning and subsequent dispersal. Lagrangian backtracking simulations fed with early‐life observations allow locating 11 spawning events, which are then associated to simulated temperatures ranging from 14.8° C to 20.6° C, in close agreement with previous estimates. Based on this range of suitable temperatures, we model the spatio‐temporal variability of spawning success at broad‐scale over 10 years (2005–2014) following the backtracking approach with hypothetical constant settlement areas. It highlights a prominent inter‐annual variability in the Adriatic and Siculo‐Tunisian strait driven by oceanographic processes. Moreover, a powerful clustering method uncovers relatively stable spawning areas in the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas with both early (January to Mid‐February) and late (April to June) spawning peaks. Our methodology can be applied to other species and oceanic systems to investigate how oceanic processes impact spawning success, enabling the design of sound management strategies.
Changing informal institutions via mimesis: Gender equality in marriage proposals
Authors: Hoelscher Vera , Khanijou Ratna , Pirani Daniela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMarriage equality has exposed how the institution of marriage is changing, but less attention has been given to how informal institutions around heterosexual marriage rituals are affected by a growing demand for gender equality. By applying institutional theory and feminist institutionalism to the context of women proposing to their male partners, this paper observes how shifts in gender norms change heteronormative institutions. Drawing from interviews with women who proposed to men and a virtual ethnography, we describe how reverse proposals can set precedence for emulation of practices or mimetic isomorphism. We therewith contribute to institutional theory in threefold ways. First, we describe how mimetic isomorphism introduces new standards and norms into a highly traditional institution. Second, we show how this integration of new standards and norms serves this patriarchal institution to remain relevant and appear progressive. Finally, we contend that this tension of joining a patriarchal institution but doing so in a subversive manner represents a double bind for women who are encouraged by society to formalize their heteronormative relationships through marriage and yet chastised for initiating this themselves.
Susceptibility Assessment of Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Using an Ensemble Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hosseini Farzaneh Sajedi , Choubin Bahram , Bagheri‐Gavkosh Mehdi , Karimi Omid , Taromideh Fereshteh , Mako Csaba 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGroundwater pollution susceptibility mapping using parsimonious approaches with limited data is of utmost importance for water resource and health planning, especially in data‐scarce regions. Current research assesses groundwater nitrate susceptibility by considering the various combination of explanatory variables. In this study, the novel machine learning models of weighted subspace random forest (WSRF) and generalized additive model using LOESS (GAMLOESS) are applied, and the results are compared with well‐known machine learning models of K‐nearest neighbors (KKNN) and random forest (RF). The optimum combination of inputs for groundwater nitrate susceptibility mapping is identified using the k‐fold cross‐validation methodology. Results indicated that the combination of variables of precipitation, groundwater level, and lithology had the best performance among the 16 combinations. Modeling performance using the optimum combination demonstrated that the new ensemble approach, the WSRF model, had superior performance according to the evaluation metrics of accuracy (0.87), kappa (0.73), precision (0.92), false alarm ratio (0.08), and critical success index (0.75). The susceptibility assessment results of this paper can be a useful tool in developing strategies for the prevention and protection of groundwater pollution.
Feasibility and acceptability of psychosocial care for unsuccessful fertility treatment
Authors: Sousa‐Leite Mariana , Fernandes Mónica , Reis Salomé , Costa Raquel , Figueiredo Bárbara , Gameiro Sofia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany people undergo fertility treatment to have biological children, but around four in ten patients complete all treatment cycles without having the children they desire. This triggers intense grief from which patients report taking on average 2 years to recover. Fertility guidelines and regulators stress the need to support patients through this process, but there is a scarcity of evaluated interventions to this end and evidence about when and how to offer care is lacking. This study explored patients' and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of and views about provision of psychosocial care (to patients facing unsuccessful fertility treatment, i.e., care provided by a mental health professional to address the emotional, cognitive, behavioural, relational and social needs that patients have at this stage of treatment).MethodsFive qualitative online focus groups were conducted with Portuguese participants: three with patients waiting to initiate or undergoing their last cycle of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection or having completed it within the last 2 months without achieving a pregnancy and two with HCPs working at fertility clinics. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed with Framework Analysis.ResultsThirteen patients and nine HCPs participated. Analysis resulted in 1293 codes, systematically organized into 13 categories, 4 themes and 1 metatheme. The latter showed high consensus about the need for psychosocial care for unsuccessful treatment, but perceived challenges in its implementation. Themes reflected (1) consensual demand for psychosocial care at all stages of treatment but particularly at the end, (2) high perceived acceptability of integrating preventive care initiated during treatment with early psychosocial care only for those patients who experience unsuccessful treatment, (3) perceived challenges of implementing psychosocial care for unsuccessful treatment at clinics and (4) suggestions to promote its acceptability and feasibility.ConclusionPatients and HCPs perceive that clinics should improve care provision across the whole treatment pathway and in particular for unsuccessful fertility treatment. Suggestions were made to inform future research focusing on the development and evaluation of psychosocial interventions to this end.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and HCPs participated in the focus groups. Two HCPs also revised the manuscript.