bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Recognition Software Use on Surgically Altered Faces: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Hughes Samuel J. , Chirwa Robert , Cheng Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Facial recognition software (FRS) is becoming pervasive in society for commercial use, security systems, and entertainment. Alteration of the facial appearance with surgery poses a challenge to these algorithms, but several methods are being studied to overcome this issue. This study systematically reviews methods used in facial recognition of surgically altered faces.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) databases to identify studies addressing FRS and surgery. On initial review, 178 manuscripts were identified relating to FRS and surgery and allowed division into multiple subgroups. The decision was made to focus on the recognition of surgically altered faces.

Results:
Eligible studies included those reports in English on FRS of surgically altered faces, and 39 papers were included. Surgical procedures range from affecting skin surface, such as skin peeling, to altering facial features, such as rhinoplasty, mentoplasty, malar augmentation, brow lift, facelift, orthognathic surgery, facial reanimation, and facial feminization. Methods were classified into appearance-based, feature-based, and texture-based. Descriptive versus experimental protocols were characterized by different reporting outcomes and controls. Accuracy ranged from 19.1% to 85.35% using various analysis methods.

Conclusions:
Knowledge of available limitations and advantages can aid in counseling patients regarding personal technology use, security, and quell fears about surgery to evade authorities. Surgical knowledge can be utilized to improve FRS algorithms for postsurgical recognition.
Brugada Syndrome Unmasked by Cellulitis of the Face
Authors: Kim Han Koo , Kang Seung Hyun , Kim Woo Seob , Kang Shin Hyuk , Bae Tae Hui 
Published: August 2022

A 35-year-old male patient with no specific history visited an emergency medical center with a chief complaint of facial swelling accompanied by fever (38.3°C). Contrast-enhanced facial computed tomography confirmed diffuse soft tissue swelling and facial infiltration of inflammation. Additional laboratory findings revealed elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level. The patient also complained of chest pain; therefore, electrocardiography was performed, which confirmed a curved pattern-like ST-segment elevation (≥2 mm) of V2 without elevated cardiac enzyme levels. Based on various test results, the patient was diagnosed with Brugada syndrome. He was administered intravenous empirical antibiotics and intravenous ibuprofen as an antipyretic for the treatment of facial cellulitis and Brugada syndrome. After the resolution of the symptoms, his body temperature normalized. A subsequent electrocardiogram confirmed a normal sinus rhythm pattern. This case report shows that Brugada syndrome, a rare but life-threatening disease, can be unmasked by facial cellulitis. Because antipyretics can immediately reduce the critical rate of sudden cardiac death, Brugada syndrome should be differentially diagnosed, with an evaluation of facial cellulitis, to prevent sudden cardiac death.
Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation
Authors: Wu Guosheng , Liu Chaoxu , Zhou Xile , Zhao Long , Zhang Weitong , Wang Mian , Zhao Qingchuan , Liang Tingbo 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To examine outcomes of living-donor intestinal transplant (LDITx) recipients.

Background:
LDITx is not routinely performed because of surgical risks to the donor and the potential inferior physiologic performance of the segmental graft. However, data on the effectiveness of LDITx are scarce.

Design:
This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing LDITx between May 1999 and December 2021 in intestinal transplant programs in 2 university-affiliated hospitals in China.

Results:
Actuarial survival rates were 80%, 72.7%, 66.7% for patient and 72.4%, 63.6%, 60% for graft at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Recipients with >3/6 HLA-matched grafts had superior patient and graft survival rates than those with ≤3/6 HLA-matched grafts (P<0.05). There were 12 deaths among the recipients, with infection being the leading cause (41.7%), followed by rejection (33.3%), surgical complications (16.7%), and others (8.3%). There were 16 graft losses among the recipients, with acute cellular rejection being the predominant cause (37.5%), followed by infection (25%), technical failure (12.5%), chronic rejection (12.5%), and others (12.5%). With an average follow-up of 3.7 (range, 0.6–23) years, the rates of acute and chronic rejection were 35% and 5%, and the rate of cytomegalovirus disease and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease were 5% and 2.5%, respectively. Of the 40 patients, 28 (70%) are currently alive and have achieved enteral autonomy.

Conclusions:
LDITx is a valuable treatment option for patients with end-stage intestinal failure. Improved immunosuppression, better HLA matching, and shorter cold ischemia times were associated with reduced rates of rejection, viral-mediated infection and improved graft survival.
FAIR data pipeline: provenance-driven data management for traceable scientific workflows
Authors: Mitchell Sonia Natalie , Lahiff Andrew , Cummings Nathan , Hollocombe Jonathan , Boskamp Bram , Field Ryan , Reddyhoff Dennis , Zarebski Kristian , Wilson Antony , Viola Bruno , Burke Martin , Archibald Blair , Bessell Paul , Blackwell Richard , Boden Lisa A. , Brett Alys , Brett Sam , Dundas Ruth , Enright Jessica , Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra N. , Harris Claire , Hinder Ian , David Hughes Christopher , Knight Martin , Mano Vino , McMonagle Ciaran , Mellor Dominic , Mohr Sibylle , Marion Glenn , Matthews Louise , McKendrick Iain J. , Mark Pooley Christopher , Porphyre Thibaud , Reeves Aaron , Townsend Edward , Turner Robert , Walton Jeremy , Reeve Richard 
Published: August 2022

Modern epidemiological analyses to understand and combat the spread of disease depend critically on access to, and use of, data. Rapidly evolving data, such as data streams changing during a disease outbreak, are particularly challenging. Data management is further complicated by data being imprecisely identified when used. Public trust in policy decisions resulting from such analyses is easily damaged and is often low, with cynicism arising where claims of ‘following the science’ are made without accompanying evidence. Tracing the provenance of such decisions back through open software to primary data would clarify this evidence, enhancing the transparency of the decision-making process. Here, we demonstrate a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data pipeline. Although developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, it allows easy annotation of any data as they are consumed by analyses, or conversely traces the provenance of scientific outputs back through the analytical or modelling source code to primary data. Such a tool provides a mechanism for the public, and fellow scientists, to better assess scientific evidence by inspecting its provenance, while allowing scientists to support policymakers in openly justifying their decisions. We believe that such tools should be promoted for use across all areas of policy-facing research.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Reformulating the susceptible–infectious–removed model in terms of the number of detected cases: well-posedness of the observational model
Authors: Campillo-Funollet Eduard , Wragg Hayley , Van Yperen James , Duong Duc-Lam , Madzvamuse Anotida 
Published: August 2022

Compartmental models are popular in the mathematics of epidemiology for their simplicity and wide range of applications. Although they are typically solved as initial value problems for a system of ordinary differential equations, the observed data are typically akin to a boundary value-type problem: we observe some of the dependent variables at given times, but we do not know the initial conditions. In this paper, we reformulate the classical susceptible–infectious–recovered system in terms of the number of detected positive infected cases at different times to yield what we term the observational model. We then prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the boundary value problem associated with the observational model and present a numerical algorithm to approximate the solution.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Statistical and agent-based modelling of the transmissibility of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in England and impact of different interventions
Authors: Panovska-Griffiths J. , Swallow B. , Hinch R. , Cohen J. , Rosenfeld K. , Stuart R. M. , Ferretti L. , Di Lauro F. , Wymant C. , Izzo A. , Waites W. , Viner R. , Bonell C. , Fraser C. , Klein D. , Kerr C. C. ,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
Published: August 2022

The English SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has been affected by the emergence of new viral variants such as B.1.177, Alpha and Delta, and changing restrictions. We used statistical models and the agent-based model Covasim, in June 2021, to estimate B.1.177 to be 20% more transmissible than the wild type, Alpha to be 50–80% more transmissible than B.1.177 and Delta to be 65–90% more transmissible than Alpha. Using these estimates in Covasim (calibrated 1 September 2020 to 20 June 2021), in June 2021, we found that due to the high transmissibility of Delta, resurgence in infections driven by the Delta variant would not be prevented, but would be strongly reduced by delaying the relaxation of restrictions by one month and with continued vaccination.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Accurate localization and coactivation profiles of the Frontal Eye Field and Inferior Frontal Junction: an ALE and MACM fMRI meta-analysis
Authors: Bedini Marco , Olivetti Emanuele , Avesani Paolo , Baldauf Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe frontal eye field (FEF) and the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) are prefrontal structures involved in mediating multiple aspects of goal-driven behavior. Despite being recognized as prominent nodes of the networks underlying spatial attention and oculomotor control, and working memory and cognitive control, respectively, the limited quantitative evidence on their precise localization has considerably impeded the detailed understanding of their structure and connectivity. In this study, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) fMRI meta-analysis by selecting studies that employed standard paradigms to accurately infer the localization of these regions in stereotaxic space. For the FEF, we found the highest spatial convergence of activations for prosaccades and antisaccades paradigms at the junction of the precentral sulcus and superior frontal sulcus. For the IFJ, we found consistent activations across oddball/attention, working memory, Stroop, and task-switching paradigms at the junction of the inferior precentral sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus. We related these clusters to previous meta-analyses, sulcal/gyral neuroanatomy, and a recent comprehensive brain parcellation, highlighting important differences compared to their results and taxonomy. Finally, we employed the ALE peak coordinates as seeds to perform a meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analysis, which revealed systematic coactivation patterns spanning the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices. We decoded the behavioral domains associated with these coactivations, suggesting that these may allow FEF and IFJ to support their specialized roles in flexible behavior. Our study provides meta-analytic groundwork for investigating the relationship between functional specialization and connectivity of two crucial control structures of the prefrontal cortex.
Drought and flooding resistances of maize germplasm are compared and evaluated using a multivariate analysis method
Authors: Wang Guo Yun , Ahmad Shakeel , Wang Yong , Wang Bing Wei , Huang Jing Hua , Jahan Mohammad Shah , Zhou Xun Bo , Shi Cheng Qiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrought and flooding stress alternately and frequently occur in Guangxi, China, and the whole world, which seriously limit maize production. Few studies focus on the different responses and evaluations of maize to drought and flooding stresses. A pot experiment with 40 varieties was conducted under well water, drought and flooding stresses. A multivariate analysis method of principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation value, correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and cluster analysis was used to evaluate the resistance of maize. Most varieties had stronger drought resistance rather than flooding resistance because of the higher antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic adjustment substances, less reactive oxygen species, and a greater than 1.0 drought-resistance coefficient. However, there was an increment of reactive oxygen species (especially O2−), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, soluble sugar, and the decrement of superoxide dismutase, catalase, soluble protein, and a lower than 1.0 of flooding-resistance coefficient of most maize varieties in flooding stress compared with well water. The superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, soluble sugar and protein, plant height, leaf area/plant, and stem diameter were screened out to be accurate and representative indicators to evaluate the drought and flooding resistance of maize. The study provides an insight to comprehend the different mechanisms of maize in response to drought and flooding stresses and provides a multivariate analysis method for screening the resistance of maize germplasm which could be valuable for further research and breeding of drought and flooding resistances of maize.One-sentence summaryA multivariate analysis method for the screening the resistance of maize germplasm and the different physiological mechanisms of drought and flooding stresses were revealed.
Functional organization of mouse auditory cortex in response to stimulus complexity and brain state
Authors: Afrashteh Navvab , Jafari Zahra , Sun Jianjun , Kyweriga Michael , Mohajerani Majid H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe functional organization of sensory cortices is modulated by both extrinsic events and intrinsic states. The present study aimed to assess the mouse auditory cortex (AC) responses under varying conditions of stimulus complexity and brain state. Using wide-field calcium imaging, our results suggest a complete outline of topographic maps of frequency and FM rate as well as highly responsive regions to mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in both awake and anesthetized states. Three new regions responsive to high-frequency tones and four new gradients responsive to frequency modulations (FMs) were identified. These maps are highly replicable across weeks and between animals. In awake versus anesthetized states, cortical responsiveness to pure tones was stronger, and regions that preferentially responded to slow rate FMs were smaller. In both states, fast FM regions showed the greatest contribution to the processing of USVs. Finally, our modeling of how best tone frequency or FM rate changes as a function of distance along a topographic gradient resulted in a sigmoid function. Together, our findings provide a better understanding of mouse AC functional organization and how this organization is modulated by changes in stimulus complexity and brain state. The function of newly identified regions in higher-order auditory/vocal processing and animal behavior should be considered in future research.
Negative legacy effects of past forest use on plant diversity in semi-natural grasslands on ski slopes
Authors: Yaida Yuki A. , Nagai Takuma , Oguro Kazuya , Katsuhara Koki R. , Uchida Kei , Kenta Tanaka , Ushimaru Atushi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOver the past century, grassland and forest ecosystems globally have been heavily influenced by land use changes driven by diverse socioeconomic activities. Ski resorts are a modern land-use type associated with biodiversity loss in mountain ecosystems worldwide. Below the treeline, by contrast, some ski slopes have been shown to provide suboptimal semi-natural habitats for native grassland plants and animals, depending on specific construction and management practices. We compared environmental factors and grassland vegetation between two types of ski slopes in central Japan with different land-use histories: slopes constructed on old pastures (pasture slopes) and slopes constructed by clearing secondary forests orLarix kaempferiplantations established on abandoned pastures during the 1940s–1990s (forest slopes). We examined the effects of land use history and machine grading as well as other environmental factors on ski slope vegetation, including total species richness and the richness of native, endangered, and exotic plants, using a total of 108 plots of 2 m × 10 m. Compared to pasture slopes, forest slopes exhibited significantly lower richness of total plants and native grassland species, including endangered species. Forest slopes were more graded than pasture slopes, resulting in lower native and higher exotic grassland species richness. A significantly lower duration of direct sunlight on forest slopes than on pasture slopes possibly decreased endangered species diversity. The lower species richness on forest slopes may be partly caused by seed dispersal limitations. Our findings demonstrate that ski slopes have good potential to support numerous native grassland plant species, including endangered species, but this potential is significantly and negatively affected by forest use history and concomitant environmental changes. The conservation of semi-natural conditions on pasture slopes as habitats for native grassland species can be promoted through the maintenance of annual mowing practices, avoidance of machine grading, and wider ski courses.NomenclatureYonekura & Kajita (2003) BG Plants: index of Japanese names and scientific names (YList;http://ylist.info/index.html)
Itinerant lifestyle and congregation of lesser kestrels in West Africa
Authors: Lopez-Ricaurte Lina , Vansteelant Wouter M.G. , Hernández-Pliego Jesús , García-Silveira Daniel , Casado Susana , Garcés-Toledano Fernando , Martínez-Dalmau Juan , Ortega Alfredo , Rodríguez-Moreno Beatriz , Bustamante Javier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMigratory birds often spend a large proportion of their annual cycle in their non-breeding areas. While some species are sedentary after arriving in their non-breeding areas, others engage in itinerary or nomadic movements. Using GPS-tracking we aimed to investigate the little known non-breeding movements of the lesser kestrelFalco namumanniin sub-Saharan Africa. We segment non-breeding tracks (n = 78 tracks by 54 individuals) into staging events (131± 25 days), itinerant movements between staging sites (11 ± 10 days), and non-directed exploratory movements (6 ± 5 days). We then describe timing and directionality of itinerary movements by male and female kestrels, and explore shifts in habitat use throughout the non-breeding season. Regardless of sex, lesser kestrels spent on average 89% of the non-breeding season at 2-3 staging sites in West Africa. Upon arrival at the end of September, kestrels used disparate sites throughout the Sahel. By December, however, they congregated into two clearly delineated areas in Senegal and along the Malian-Mauritanian border. The birds stayed longer and showed greater daily activity in the latter areas, which were situated closer to wetlands compared to their first and intermediate ones. While 20 of 24 individuals tracked across multiple annual cycles showed consistent staging sites, a few switched between the Senegal and Mauritanian/Malian staging clusters. These results show that rather than tracking suitable climatic conditions southward, lesser kestrels survive the West African dry season by moving into wetland areas within the Sahelian climatic belt. Our findings match reports of lesser kestrel super-roosts in West Africa and stress the conservation value of wetlands along the Senegal River and the Inner Niger Delta in West Africa for the Spanish lesser kestrel population. These areas host 81% of lesser kestrels during 20% of their annual cycle.
Simultaneous 3D Cellular Positioning and Apical Dendritic Morphology of Transgenic Fluorescent Mouse CA3 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Handwerk Christopher J. , Bland Katherine M. , Denzler Collin J. , Kalinowski Anna R. , Brett Cooper A. , Swinehart Brian D. , Rodriguez Hilda V. , Cook Hollyn N. , Vinson Elizabeth C. , Florenz Madison E. , Vidal George S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPyramidal neurons throughout hippocampal CA3 are diverse in their dendritic morphology, and CA3 is not homogenous in its structure or function. Nonetheless, few structural studies have captured the precise 3D somatic position and the 3D dendritic morphology of CA3 pyramidal neurons simultaneously.New methodHere, we present a simple approach to reconstruct the apical dendritic morphology of CA3 pyramidal neurons using the transgenic fluorescentThy1-GFP-M line. The approach simultaneously tracks the dorsoventral, tangential, and radial positions of reconstructed neurons within the hippocampus. It is especially designed for use with transgenic fluorescent mouse lines, which are commonly used in genetic studies of neuronal morphology and development.ResultsWe demonstrate how topographic and morphological data are captured from transgenic fluorescent mouse CA3 pyramidal neurons.Comparison with existing methodsThere is no need to select and label CA3 pyramidal neurons with the transgenic fluorescentThy1-GFP-M line. By taking transverse (not coronal) serial sections, we preserve fine dorsoventral, tangential, and radial somatic positioning of 3D-reconstructed neurons. Because CA2 is well defined by PCP4 immunohistochemistry, we use that technique here to to increase precision in defining tangential position along CA3.ConclusionsWe developed a method for simultaneously collecting precise somatic positioning as well as 3D morphological data among transgenic fluorescent mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons. This fluorescent method should be compatible with many other transgenic fluorescent reporter lines and immunohistochemical methods, facilitating the capture of topographic and morphological data from a wide variety of genetic experiments in mouse hippocampus.HighlightsSimultaneous capture of 3D location and pyramidal dendritic morphology in CA3Method utilizes replicable techniques and reagents available to most laboratoriesMethod is adaptable to other transgenic mouse lines and immunohistochemical studies