bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic conductivity and hydrodynamic permeability of inhomogeneous (cavity doped) polyelectrolyte hydrogels
Authors: Hill Reghan J. 
Published: February 2022

Ion transport in polyelectrolyte membranes (charged hydrogels) is of significant technological (and biological) importance, but little is known of how micro-structural inhomogeneity affects ionic conductivity. Whereas a uniform electric field drives uni-directional electro-migrative and electro-osmotic ion fluxes in perfectly uniform microstructures, this study considers the influence of spherical inclusions/cavities on the hydrodynamic and ion permeability of charged hydrogels. Such cavities have a high permeability, but they can bear a much lower conductivity due to the partitioning of counter-ions between the cavity and bulk hydrogel phases, also inducing micro-scale electro-osmotic flow. To understand these, perturbations from a nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equilibrium state are used to compute the velocity disturbances, and electrostatic and ion-concentration polarization. These furnish three independent Onsager coefficients: one of which is the effective hydrodynamic permeability, and all of which contribute to the two principal electrical conductivities (distinguished by electrode configuration). Cavities with diameters in the range$10$–$1000$ nm are found to be readily polarized, decreasing the effective conductivity of an otherwise uniform polyelectrolyte. In highly permeable hydrogels, however, electro-osmosis may enhance the electrical conductivity when flow is blocked by impenetrable electrodes. Explicit formulas for the hydrodynamic permeability are provided, complementing a simplified (Maxwell–Donnan) analysis of the conductivity, which neglects diffuse double-layer effects and ion-concentration perturbations.
Long COVID, neuropsychiatric disorders, psychotropics, present and future
Authors: Tang Siu Wa , Leonard Brian E. , Helmeste Daiga Maret 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong COVID refers to the lingering symptoms which persist or appear after the acute illness. The dominant long COVID symptoms in the two years since the pandemic began (2020–2021) have been depression, anxiety, fatigue, concentration and cognitive impairments with few reports of psychosis. Whether other symptoms will appear later on is not yet known. For example, dopamine-dependent movement disorders generally take many years before first symptoms are seen. Post-stroke depression and anxiety may explain many of the early long COVID cases. Hemorrhagic, hypoxic and inflammatory damages of the central nervous system, unresolved systematic inflammation, metabolic impairment, cerebral vascular accidents such as stroke, hypoxia from pulmonary damages and fibrotic changes are among the major causes of long COVID. Glucose metabolic and hypoxic brain issues likely predispose subjects with pre-existing diabetes, cardiovascular or lung problems to long COVID as well. Preliminary data suggest that psychotropic medications may not be a danger but could instead be beneficial in combating COVID-19 infection. The same is true for diabetes medications such as metformin. Thus, a focus on sigma-1 receptor ligands and glucose metabolism is expected to be useful for new drug development as well as the repurposing of current drugs. The reported protective effects of psychotropics and antihistamines against COVID-19, the earlier reports of reduced number of sigma-1 receptors in post-mortem schizophrenic brains, with many antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs being antihistamines with significant affinity for the sigma-1 receptor, support the role of sigma and histamine receptors in neuroinflammation and viral infections. Literature and data in all these areas are accumulating at a fast rate. We reviewed and discussed the relevant and important literature.
CONTINUOUS QUIVERS OF TYPE A (III) EMBEDDINGS OF CLUSTER THEORIES
Authors: IGUSA KIYOSHI , ROCK JOB D. , TODOROV GORDANA 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe continue the work started in parts (I) and (II) of this series. In this paper, we classify which continuous quivers of type A are derived equivalent. Next, we define the new
${\mathcal {C}(A_{{\mathbb {R}},S})}$
, which we call weak continuous cluster category. It is a triangulated category, it does not have cluster structure but it has a new weaker notion of “cluster theory.” We show that the original continuous cluster category of [15] is a localization of this new weak continuous cluster category. We define cluster theories to be appropriate groupoids and we show that cluster structures satisfy the conditions for cluster theories. We describe the relationship between different cluster theories: some new and some obtained from cluster structures. The notion of continuous mutation which appears in cluster theories (but not in cluster structures) appears in the next paper [20].
Realism and Observation: The View from Generative Grammar
Authors: Dupre Gabe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStandard proposals of scientific anti-realism assume that the methodology of a scientific research program can be endorsed without accepting its metaphysical commitments. I argue that the distinction between competence, the rules governing one’s language faculty, and performance, or linguistic behavior, precludes this. Linguistic theories aim to describe competence, not performance, and so must be able to distinguish observations reflective of the former from those reflective of the latter. This classification of data makes sense only against the background of a psychologically realistic view of linguistic theory. So the very methodology of the science commits one to its realistic interpretation.
Fair Infinite Lotteries, Qualitative Probability, and Regularity
Authors: DiBella Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA number of philosophers have thought that fair lotteries over countably infinite sets of outcomes are conceptually incoherent by virtue of violating countable additivity. In this article, I show that a qualitative analogue of this argument generalizes to an argument against the conceptual coherence of a much wider class of fair infinite lotteries—including continuous uniform distributions. I argue that this result suggests that fair lotteries over countably infinite sets of outcomes are no more conceptually problematic than continuous uniform distributions. Along the way, I provide a novel argument for a weak qualitative, epistemic version of regularity.
RADIOCARBON IN DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BY UV OXIDATION: AN UPDATE OF PROCEDURES AND BLANK CHARACTERIZATION AT NOSAMS
Authors: Xu Li , Roberts Mark L , Elder Kathryn L , Hansman Roberta L , Gagnon Alan R , Kurz Mark D 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis note describes improvements of UV oxidation method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). The procedural blank is reduced to 2.6 ± 0.6 μg C, with Fm of 0.42 ± 0.10 and δ13C of –28.43 ± 1.19‰. The throughput is improved from one sample per day to two samples per day.
Disaggregating Civility: Politeness, Public-Mindedness and Their Connection
Authors: Bardon Aurélia , Bonotti Matteo , Zech Steven T. , Ridge William 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCalls for civility feature prominently in public discourse, and the concept has received growing attention by political philosophers recently. But what does it mean to be civil? The existing literature distinguishes between two main understandings of civility: civility as politeness and civility as public-mindedness. The objective of this article is to show that these conceptions and the different normative claims associated with them can all fit together. We argue that civility and incivility should be disaggregated in order to uncover fruitful connections between different aspects of the concept. We introduce a distinction between two dimensions of civility as public-mindedness (moral and justificatory), as well as a new distinction between the means and ends of civility. We examine the complex connections between the different dimensions of (in)civility and show that the disaggregation of civility and incivility tells us what kind of (in)civility matters, as well as when and why.
In the Southern Half of Our Republic: Cross-Border Writing and Performance in 1960s North Korea
Authors: Kief I Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article offers a revisionist perspective on the relationship between 1960s North and South Korean literature by showing how writers in the North engaged with and creatively rewrote works from the South. Contextualizing such practices within a longer history of cross-border reading in the North, the article highlights how North Korean poetry and drama from the immediate aftermath of South Korea's April Revolution of 1960 took up South Korean literature's image of the volcano and reimagined it as a symbol of North-South dialogue. The article then turns to Kim Myŏngsu's Mother of the South (1965), showing how the play rewrites the South Korean novelist An Tongnim's short story “Hope” (1963) in such a way as to engineer a convergence with a line of literary representations then being produced in the North about its own colonial-era “revolutionary heritage.” Finally, the article suggests that this convergence ended up reshaping such visions of North Korea's own revolutionary past and the figure of the militant mother that emerged within them.
Comparison of artefact reduction possibilities with the new active transcutaneous bone conduction implant (Bonebridge)
Authors: Edlinger S , Tenner E , Frühwald J , Sprinzl G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the possibilities of artefact reduction using different anatomical implant positions with the Bonebridge bone-conduction hearing implant 602 for a patient with an acoustic neuroma requiring regular diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging of the tumour position.MethodThree implant positions and magnetic resonance imaging examinations with and without customised sequences for metal artefact suppression were investigated. The diagnostic usefulness was rated by a radiologist (qualitative evaluation), and the relation between the area of artefact and the total head area was calculated (quantitative evaluation).ResultsFollowing the qualitative analysis, the radiologist rated the superior to middle fossa implant placement significantly better for diagnostic purposes, which is in agreement with the calculated artefact ratio (p < 0.0001). The customised slice-encoding metal artifact correction view-angle tilting metal artifact reduction technique sequences significantly decreased the relative artefact area between 5.13 per cent and 25.02 per cent. The smallest mean artefact diameter was found for the superior to middle fossa position with 6.80 ± 1.30 cm (range: 5.42–9.74 cm; reduction of 18.65 per cent).ConclusionThe application of artefact reduction sequencing and special anatomical implant positioning allows regular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the bone-conduction hearing implant 602 without sacrificing diagnostic imaging quality for tumour diagnosis.
Interferon-γ moderation of poor sleep maintenance and depressed mood in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Piber Dominique , Olmstead Richard , Cho Joshua H. , Guzman Miguel , Irwin Michael R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms, such as depressed mood, are common in older adults and associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Given the evidence that sleep disturbance and alterations in interferon (IFN)-γ biology are associated with depression risk, this study examines the separate and joint contributions of poor sleep maintenance and IFN-γ to depressed mood in older adults.MethodsCommunity-dwelling, non-depressed older adults (n = 36, 72.1 ± 6.8 years) underwent a night of polysomnography to assess sleep maintenance [i.e. wake time after sleep onset (WASO)]. The morning after polysomnography, plasma levels of IFN-γ were evaluated along with self-reported depressed mood throughout the day. Multivariate linear regression tested associations of WASO and IFN-γ with the severity of depressed mood. In addition, moderation and mediation models examined the role of IFN-γ for the relationship between WASO and depressed mood.ResultsA greater amount of WASO (p < 0.05) and higher levels of IFN-γ (p < 0.01) were both associated with the severity of depressed mood. Moreover, IFN-γ moderated the relationship between WASO and depressed mood (p < 0.01), such that WASO was more strongly related to the depressed mood among those with higher IFN-γ, than among those with lower IFN-γ. However, IFN-γ did not mediate the relationship between WASO and depressed mood.ConclusionIn this study of older adults, poor sleep maintenance and higher levels of IFN-γ were both related to depressed mood. Moreover, IFN-γ moderated the relationship between poor sleep maintenance and depressed mood. Together, these findings suggest that older adults with higher IFN-γ are at heightened risk for depressive symptoms following sleep disturbance.
Characterizing sustained social anxiety in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: trajectory, risk factors, and functional outcomes
Authors: Deng Wisteria , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Woods Scott W. , Walker Elaine F. , Cannon Tyrone D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile comorbidity of clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) status and social anxiety is well-established, it remains unclear how social anxiety and positive symptoms covary over time in this population. The present study aimed to determine whether there are more than one covariant trajectory of social anxiety and positive symptoms in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study cohort (NAPLS 2) and, if so, to test whether the different trajectory subgroups differ in terms of genetic and environmental risk factors for psychotic disorders and general functional outcome.MethodsIn total, 764 CHR individuals were evaluated at baseline for social anxiety and psychosis risk symptom severity and followed up every 6 months for 2 years. Application of group-based multi-trajectory modeling discerned three subgroups based on the covariant trajectories of social anxiety and positive symptoms over 2 years.ResultsOne of the subgroups showed sustained social anxiety over time despite moderate recovery in positive symptoms, while the other two showed recovery of social anxiety below clinically significant thresholds, along with modest to moderate recovery in positive symptom severity. The trajectory group with sustained social anxiety had poorer long-term global functional outcomes than the other trajectory groups. In addition, compared with the other two trajectory groups, membership in the group with sustained social anxiety was predicted by higher levels of polygenic risk for schizophrenia and environmental stress exposures.ConclusionsTogether, these analyses indicate differential relevance of sustained v. remitting social anxiety symptoms in the CHR-P population, which in turn may carry implications for differential intervention strategies.
Voice quality and speaking rate in Icelandic rhetorical questions
Authors: Dehé Nicole , Wochner Daniela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show that Icelandic uses the phonetic parameters of speaking rate, duration and voice quality (VQ) to distinguish between information-seeking questions (ISQs) and rhetorical questions (RQs). Specifically, durations are longer (speaking rate is slower) and nonmodal VQs are used more in RQs than in ISQs. Our findings for temporal parameters fit in with previous studies on the prosody of RQs in various languages. With respect to VQ, Icelandic differs, for example, from German and English in the location of breathy voice in the utterance (utterance-initial in German and English, utterance-final in Icelandic). We interpret the utterance-final position of breathiness in Icelandic RQs as a potential compensating strategy for the lack of phonological cues, i.e. boundary tones.
Autonomous navigation for Mars probes using only satellite-to-satellite tracking measurements by singularity-avoiding orbit elements
Authors: Ma Pengbin , Yang Jie , Li Hengnian , Zhang Zhibin , Baoyin Hexi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel autonomous navigation method for Mars-orbiting probes. Satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) between two probes is generally deemed to involve autonomous measurements with no dependence on any external observation sites on the Earth. For the conventional two-body dynamic model, it is well known that the orbit states cannot be estimated by merely using such SST measurements. Considering the effects of third-body gravitation perturbation and the weak Mars tesseral harmonics perturbation, autonomous navigation with SST measurements alone becomes weakly observable and may be achieved by some nonlinear filtering techniques. Two significant improvements are made to mitigate the nonlinearity brought by the dynamic models. First, singularity-avoiding orbit elements are selected to represent the dynamic models in order to reduce the intensity of the nonlinearity which cannot be overcome by the traditional position–velocity state expression. Second, the unscented Kalman filter method is effectively utilised to avoid the linearised errors calculated by its extended Kalman filter counterpart which may exceed the tesseral harmonics perturbation. A constellation, consisting of one low-orbit probe and one high-orbit probe, is designed to realise the autonomous orbit determination of both participating Mars probes. A reliable navigation solution is successfully obtained by Monte Carlo simulation runs. It shows that the errors of the semimajor axes of the two Mars probes are less than 10 m and the position errors are less than 1 km.
The epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroup O157 in England, 2009–2019
Authors: Butt Saira , Jenkins Claire , Godbole Gauri , Byrne Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroup O157 is a zoonotic, foodborne gastrointestinal pathogen of major public health concern. We describe the epidemiology of STEC O157 infection in England by exploring the microbiological and clinical characteristics, the demographic and geographical distribution of cases, and examining changes in environmental exposures over 11 years of enhanced surveillance. Enhanced surveillance data including microbiological subtyping, clinical presentations and exposures were extracted for all cases resident in England with evidence of STEC O157 infection, either due to faecal culture or serology detection. Incidence rates were calculated based on mid-year population estimates from the Office of National Statistics (ONS). Demographics, geography, severity and environmental exposures were compared across the time periods 2009–2014 and 2015–2019. The number of cases reported to national surveillance decreased, with the mean cases per year dropping from 887 for the period 2009–2014 to 595 for the period 2015–2019. The decline in STEC O157 infections appears to be mirrored by the decrease in cases infected with phage type 21/28. Although the percentage of cases that developed HUS decreased, the percentage of cases reporting bloody diarrhoea and hospitalisation remained stable. The number of outbreaks declined over time, although more refined typing methods linked more cases to each outbreak. Integration of epidemiological data with microbiological typing data is essential to understanding the changes in the burden of STEC infection, assessment of the risks to public health, and the prediction and mitigation of emerging threats.
PSEUDO-EUCLIDE, PSEUDO-PTOLÉMÉE ET THIASOS SUR LES MIROIRS
Authors: Rashed Roshdi 
Published: February 2022

RésuméParmi les écrits consacrés à la réflexion des rayons « visuels» et solaires sur les différents miroirs, il en existe deux, qui ont précédé bien d'autres, et qui occupent une position centrale dans l'histoire de la catoptrique : l'un est attribué à Euclide, l'autre à Ptolémée. À ces deux noms, on en ajoute un troisième jusqu'ici inconnu, Thiasos. Dans cet article, nous reprenons l'histoire textuelle et conceptuelle de cette tradition de recherche catoptrique.
Short proofs for long induced paths
Authors: Draganić Nemanja , Glock Stefan , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a modification of the Depth first search algorithm, suited for finding long induced paths. We use it to give simple proofs of the following results. We show that the induced size-Ramsey number of paths satisfies
$\hat{R}_{\mathrm{ind}}(P_n)\leq 5 \cdot 10^7n$
, thus giving an explicit constant in the linear bound, improving the previous bound with a large constant from a regularity lemma argument by Haxell, Kohayakawa and Łuczak. We also provide a bound for the k-colour version, showing that
$\hat{R}_{\mathrm{ind}}^k(P_n)=O(k^3\log^4k)n$
. Finally, we present a new short proof of the fact that the binomial random graph in the supercritical regime,
$G(n,\frac{1+\varepsilon}{n})$
, contains typically an induced path of length
$\Theta(\varepsilon^2) n$
.
Prehospital Testing and Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: A Special Report from the Sacramento (California USA) Mobile Integrated Health Unit
Authors: Jarman Angela F. , Ford James S. , Maynard Matthew J. , Simmons Zena L. , Mackey Kevin E. , Mumma Bryn E. , Rose John S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed nearly 800,000 Americans since early 2020. The disease has disproportionately affected older Americans, men, persons of color, and those living in congregate living facilities. Sacramento County (California USA) has used a novel Mobile Integrated Health Unit (MIH) to test hundreds of patients who dwell in congregate living facilities, including skilled nursing facilities (SNF), residential care facilities (ie, assisted living facilities [ALF] and board and care facilities [BCF]), and inpatient psychiatric facilities (PSY), for SARS-CoV-2.Methods:The MIH was authorized and rapidly created at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as a joint venture between the Sacramento County Department of Public Health (SCDPH) and several fire-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies within the county to perform SARS-CoV-2 testing and surveillance in a prehospital setting at a number of congregate living facilities. All adult patients (≥18 years) who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by the MIH from March 31, 2020 through April 30, 2020 and lived in congregate living facilities were included in this retrospective descriptive cohort. Demographic and laboratory data were collected to describe the cohort of patients tested by the MIH.Results:During the study period, the MIH tested a total of 323 patients from 15 facilities in Sacramento County. The median age of patients tested was 66 years and the majority were female (72%). Overall, 72 patients (22%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in congregate living settings, a higher rate of positivity than was measured across the county during the same time period.Conclusion:The MIH was a novel method of epidemic surveillance that succeeded in delivering effective and efficient testing to patients who reside in congregate living facilities and was able to accurately identify pockets of infection within otherwise low prevalence areas. Cooperative prehospital models are an effective model to deliver out-of-hospital testing and disease surveillance that may serve as a blueprint for community-based care delivery for a number of disease states and future epidemics or pandemics.