bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a single tube 3‐colour immature red blood cell screening assay for the detection and enumeration of small, medium and large paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria clones by flow cytometry
Authors: Marinov Iuri , Richards Stephen J. , Pešek Adam , Illingworth Andrea J. , Sutherland D. Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe reliable diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) by flow cytometry is based on mandatory analysis of the erythroid, neutrophilic and monocytic lineages. In this study, we have evaluated the performance characteristics of a recently published immature red blood cell (iRBC) assay as a potential screening test for PNH by flow cytometry.MethodsIntra‐ and inter‐assay imprecision were determined in five replicates of small, medium and large PNH iRBC clones. Analytical and functional sensitivity was assessed by performing spiking tests for five replicates. Thirty healthy donors and 441 PNH patients were tested for evaluation of clinical specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values.ResultsCoefficients of variation (CV) for intra‐/inter‐assay imprecision analyses were 1.31/1.50, 3.19/2.61 and 3.99/1.58 for the big, medium and small clone sizes, respectively. Absolute values (100%) were found for both clinical specificity and sensitivity as well as for both positive and negative predictive values. The CV from 5 replicate results for 10 clustered events was 15.7%. The coefficient of determination (r2), Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and Bland–Altman mean bias were 0.9436/0.9234/1.7 for PNH iRBC compared to PNH neutrophils and 0.9553/0.9387/2.1 for PNH iRBCs compared to PNH monocytes.ConclusionOur results confirm very good performance characteristics, high analytical and functional sensitivity, absolute clinical specificity and sensitivity as well as favourable correlation between PNH iRBCs and both PNH neutrophils and monocytes, suggesting that this cost‐effective 3‐colour iRBC assay can be used as a reliable screening test for evaluation of small, medium and large PNH clones by flow cytometry.
Evolution of tricuspid valve regurgitation after implantation of a leadless pacemaker: A single center experience, systematic review, and meta‐analysis
Authors: Haeberlin Andreas , Bartkowiak Joanna , Brugger Nicolas , Tanner Hildegard , Wan Elaine , Baldinger Samuel H. , Seiler Jens , Madaffari Antonio , Thalmann Gregor , Servatius Helge , Roten Laurent , Noti Fabian , Reichlin Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionConventional transvenous pacemaker leads may interfere with the tricuspid valve leaflets, tendinous chords, and papillary muscles, resulting in significant tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR). Leadless pacemakers (LLPMs) theoretically cause less mechanical interference with the tricuspid valve apparatus. However, data on TR after LLPM implantation are sparse and conflicting. Our goal was to investigate the prevalence of significant TR before and after LLPM implantation.MethodsPatients who received a leadless LLPM (Micra™ TPS, Medtronic) between May 2016 and May 2021 at our center were included in this observational study if they had at least a pre‐ and postinterventional echocardiogram (TTE). The evolution of TR severity was assessed. Following a systematic literature review on TR evolution after implantation of a LLPM, data were pooled in a random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsWe included 69 patients (median age 78 years [interquartile range (IQR) 72–84 years], 26% women). Follow‐up duration between baseline and follow‐up TTE was 11.4 months (IQR 3.5–20.1 months). At follow‐up, overall TR severity was not different compared to baseline (p = .49). Six patients (9%) had new significant TR during follow‐up after LLPM implantation, whereas TR severity improved in seven patients (10%). In the systematic review, we identified seven additional articles that investigated the prevalence of significant TR after LLPM implantation. The meta‐analysis based on 297 patients failed to show a difference in significant TR before and after LLPM implantation (risk ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.53, p = .11).ConclusionTo date, there is no substantial evidence for a significant change in TR after implantation of a LLPM.
Glycated hemoglobin level on admission associated with progression to severe disease in hospitalized patients with non‐severe coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Numaguchi Ryutaro , Kurajoh Masafumi , Hiura Yoshikazu , Imai Takumi , Morioka Tomoaki , Saito Mika , Shiraishi Satoshi , Emoto Masanori , Nishiguchi Yukio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionPoor glycemic control is known to be associated with severe infection development. This retrospective observational study examined whether glycemic control before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) onset contributes to progression from non‐severe to severe COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured on hospital admission in 415 patients with non‐severe COVID‐19. The outcome was determined from time of hospital admission to severe progression, based on clinical practice guidelines for COVID‐19 in Japan.ResultsThe median value for HbA1c on admission was 6.1%, with diabetes present in 138 patients (33.3%). Among the total cohort, 93 (22.4%) progressed to severe COVID‐19 with a median (interquartile range) time of 4 days (3–7 days), whereas 322 (77.6%) were discharged after 13 days (10–17 days). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that HbA1c level on admission was independently associated with progression to severe COVID‐19 (hazard ratio for 1% increase 1.237, 95% confidence interval 1.037–1.475; P = 0.018), with findings consistent among several sensitivity analyses. In subgroup analyses, such an association was significant in patients with diabetes, as well as older age, current smoking habit, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher C‐reactive protein level, moderate II COVID‐19, dyslipidemia and chronic respiratory disease, with no remarkable inconsistency among the subgroups. Finally, higher HbA1c level (≥7%) was more strongly associated with severe COVID‐19 progression than diabetes.ConclusionsThe results suggest that poor glycemic control before COVID‐19 onset contributes to progression from non‐severe to severe COVID‐19, even in patients with severe COVID‐19 risk factors regardless of the presence of diabetes.
Guideline adherence of physiotherapists in the treatment of patients with low back pain: A qualitative study
Authors: Lemmers Gijs Petrus Gerardus , Bier Jasper Daniël , van Lankveld Wim , Westert Gerard Pieter , Staal Jacobus Bart , van der Wees Philip Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRationaleAdherence rates to guidelines show room for improvement, and increase in adherence to guidelines may potentially lead to better outcomes and reduced costs of treatment. To improve adherence, it is essential to understand the considerations of physiotherapists regarding the assessment and management of low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study is to gain insight in the considerations of Dutch physiotherapists on adherence to the national physiotherapy guideline in the treatment of patients with LBP.MethodsThis is a qualitative study, using an interpretive approach of semi‐structured interviews with 14 physiotherapists who regularly treat patients with LBP. Thematic analysis was conducted with open coding using an existing framework. This framework distinguishes five components to adherence based on patient factors, provider factors, guideline characteristics, institutional factors and the implementation process.ResultsParticipating physiotherapists mentioned that the guideline should provide more information about psychosocial prognostic factors and psychosocial treatment options. The participants experienced difficulties in addressing patient expectations that conflict with guideline recommendations. The implementation process of the guideline was considered insufficient. Physiotherapists might rely too much on their experience, and knowledge of evidence‐based treatment might be improved. In general, the interviewed physiotherapists thought they were mainly non‐adherent to the guidelines. However, when comparing their considerations with the actual guideline recommendations they were mainly adherent.ConclusionTo improve adherence, the guideline should provide more information about addressing psychosocial prognostic factors, and Dutch physiotherapists might be trained in communication skills to better address patient expectations. A more extensive implementation process is warranted for the next guideline to increase the physiotherapists' knowledge of evidence‐based treatment.
A survey of colonoscopists with and without in‐depth knowledge of water‐aided colonoscopy
Authors: Leung Felix W , Cadoni Sergio , Koo Malcolm , Yen Andrew W , Siau Keith , Hsieh Yu‐Hsi , Ishaq Sauid , Cheng Chi‐Liang , Ramirez Francisco C , Bak Adrian W , Karnes William , Bayupurnama Putut , Leung Joseph W , de Groen Piet C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopy featured water‐aided colonoscopy (WAC) as novel in the Innovation Forum in 2011. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published a modified Delphi consensus review (MDCR) that supports WAC for clinical practice in 2021. We tested the hypothesis that experience was an important predictor of WAC use, either as water immersion (WI), water exchange (WE), or a combination of WI and WE.MethodsA questionnaire was sent by email to the MDCR authors with an in‐depth knowledge of WAC. They responded and also invited colleagues and trainees without in‐depth knowledge to respond. Logistic regression analysis was used with the reasons for WAC use treated as the primary outcome. Reports related to WAC post MDCR were identified.ResultsOf 100 respondents, > 80% indicated willingness to adopt and modify practice to accommodate WAC. Higher adenoma detection rate (ADR) incentivized WE use. Procedure time slots ≤ 30 and > 30 min significantly predicted WI and WE use, respectively. Co‐authors of the MDCR were significantly more likely to perform WAC (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5, P = 0.037). Unfamiliarity with (OR = 0.11, P = 0.02) and absence of good experience (OR = 0.019, P = 0.002) were associated with colonoscopists less likely to perform WAC. Reports related to WAC post MDCR revealed overall and right colon WE outcomes continued to improve. Network meta‐analyses showed that WE was superior to Cap and Endocuff. On‐demand sedation with WE shortened nursing recovery time.ConclusionsAn important predictor of WAC use was experience. Superior outcomes continued to be reported with WE.
The interaction between Alternative Healthy Eating Index and MC4R rs17782313 gene variants on central and general obesity indices in women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zarei Mahtab , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the C allele of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) are separately associated with obesity. However, the present study aimed to investigate the interaction between MC4R rs17782313 variants and the AHEI and their association with central and general obesity indices, which has not been assessed previously.MethodsIn total, 291 women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg m–2 and aged 18–48 years enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. All participants were assessed for body composition, anthropometric measures, dietary intake, and blood parameters. After obtaining data of dietary intake from the 147‐item food frequency questionnaire, the AHEI was calculated. MC4R rs17782313 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction length polymorphism method.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, energy intake, physical activity, marital status, and economic status, the interaction between MC4R rs17782313 and the AHEI was associated with hip circumference [β = −0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.77 to −0.05, p = 0.02], BMI (β = −0.15, 95% CI = −0.29 to −0.02, p = 0.02), fat mass (kg) (β = −0.28, 95% CI = −0.56 to −0.01, p = 0.03), visceral fat area (β = −5.68, 95% CI = −9.55 to −1.80, p = 0.004). The other measures that appear to be suggestively related to this interaction (0.05 < p < 0.07) are waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratio, trunk fat (%), trunk fat (kg), fat mass (%) and fat mass index.ConclusionsThe interaction between MC4R rs17782313 and the AHEI can be related to central and general obesity indices in overweight/obese women.
A realist evaluation of a community of practice for dietitians and nutritionists working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health
Authors: Wilson Annabelle , Cornett Marian , Delbridge Robyn , Mackean Tamara , Palermo Claire 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunities of practice have been proposed as a workforce development strategy for developing dietitians, yet little is known about how they work and for whom, as well as under what circumstances. We aimed to understand the mechanisms by which dietitians working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health benefit from communities of practice.MethodsA realist evaluation of 29 interviews with non‐Indigenous dietitians and nutritionists was employed, which was conducted over the course of two communities of practice (2013 and 2014) and follow‐up interviews in 2019. Programme theory was developed from analysis of initial interviews and used to recode all interviews and test theory. The identification of patterns refined the programme theory.ResultsSix refined theories were identified: (1) a community of practice fosters the relationships that support navigation of the many tasks required to become more responsive health professionals; (2) committed and open participants feel supported and guided to be reflexive; (3) sharing, reflexivity, feedback and support shift awareness to one's own practice to be able to manoeuvre in intercultural spaces; (4) through sharing, feedback, support and collaboration, participants feel assured and affirmed; (5) connection through feelings of understanding and being understood contributes to commitment to remain working in the area; and (6) through sharing, feedback, support and collaboration, participants with varied experience and roles see the value of and gain confidence in new perspectives, skills and practices.ConclusionsFurther research is required to test this model on a much larger scale, with communities of practice inclusive of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal health professionals together, and across a diverse group of dietitians.
First report on herpesvirus in black‐fronted titi (Callicebus nigrifrons) kept under human care
Authors: Malaga Soraya Kezam , Balbueno Melina Castilho de Souza , Martins Jéssica Amâncio , Swarg Ticiana , Guerra Juliana Mariotti , Fernandes Natalia , Coelho Cidéli de Paula 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKeeping Neotropical primates in captivity puts them at great risk of illness because of their susceptibility to human herpesvirus. This is the first report on herpesvirus in Callicebus nigrifrons that developed clinical disease and was confirmed by immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR. Diagnosis and prevention are essential for the conservation of species.
From dorsomobility to dorsostability: A study of lumbosacral joint range of motion in artiodactyls
Authors: Belyaev Ruslan I. , Kuznetsov Alexander N. , Prilepskaya Natalya E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study is the first analysis of mobility in the lumbosacral joint of even‐toed ungulates covering the full range of body masses and running forms. In this study, we modified a previously developed osteometry‐based method to calculate the available range of motion (aROM) in the lumbosacral joint in artiodactyls. We quantified all three directions of intervertebral mobility: sagittal bending (SB), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR). This research covers extant artiodactyls from 10 families, 57 genera, and 78 species. The lumbosacral joint in artiodactyls is on average almost twice as mobile in SB as the average intralumbar joint (aROM 15.68° vs 8.22°). In all artiodactyls, the first sacral prezygapophyses are equipped with postfacet fossae determining the available range of lumbosacral hyperextension. SB aROM in the lumbosacral joint in artiodactyls varies almost sevenfold (from 4.53° to 31.19°) and is closely related to the body mass and running form. An allometric equation was developed for the first time, for the joint angular amplitude of motion, exemplified by the artiodactyl lumbosacral SB aROMs, as a power function of body mass, the power coefficient value being close to −0.15. High SB aROM at the lumbosacral joint is characteristic of artiodactyls with at least one of the following characteristics: high cumulative and average SB aROM in the lumbar region (Pearson r = 0.467–0.617), small body mass (r = −0.531), saltatorial or saltatorial‐cursorial running form (mean = 16.91–18.63°). The highest SB aROM in the lumbosacral joint is typical for small antelopes and Moschidae (mean = 20.24–20.27°). Among these artiodactyls SB aROMs in the lumbosacral joint are on par with various carnivores. Large and robust artiodactyls, adapted predominantly to mediportal and stilt (running on extremely tall limbs) running forms, have 2–3 times smaller SB aROMs in the lumbosacral joint. Adaptation to endurance galloping in open landscapes (cursorial running form) is accompanied by smaller lumbar and lumbosacral SB aROMs compared to that in saltatorial‐cursorial artiodactyls of the same body mass. The wide range of species studied makes it possible to significantly expand the knowledge of relations of the mobility of the lumbosacral joint in artiodactyls to body mass and running form.
Reclaiming “Natural Partnership and Communication”
Authors: O’Neill Brett 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe massive scale of forced displacement across the globe discloses the fractured state of the modern international order. Francisco de Vitoria’s theological approach to the law of nations, in the context of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, had a significant influence on this order’s development. This paper argues that recovering his innovative insights today can help refurbish a collective sense of international responsibility for refugees. Vitoria’s bold assertion of indigenous Americans’ dominion affirmed all human beings as members of a world commonwealth with equal claims to basic rights. The “right to travel” he articulated, by its orientation to “natural partnership and communication,” can promote refugee rights and global fraternity.
Rapid detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae targeting the apxIVA gene for diagnosis of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia in pigs by polymerase spiral reaction
Authors: Sarkar R. , Roychoudhury P. , Kumar S. , Dutta S. , Konwar N. , Subudhi P. K. , Dutta T. K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the primary aetiological agent of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia associated with serious economic impact on pig husbandry worldwide. Diagnosis of the disease by existing techniques including isolation and identification of bacteria followed by serotyping, serological techniques, conventional PCR, real-time PCR and LAMP assays are cumbersome, time-consuming, costly and not suitable for rapid field application. A novel isothermal polymerase chain reaction (PSR) technique is standardized for all the reagents, incubation time and incubation temperature against A. pleuropneumoniae. The sensitivity of the assay was determined against various dilutions of purified DNA and total bacterial count. The specificity of the assay was determined against 11 closely related bacterial isolates. The relative sensitivity and specificity were compared with bacterial isolation, conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays. The PSR assay for specific detection was standardized at 64°C for 30 min of incubation in a water bath. The result was visible by the naked eye after centrifugation of the reaction mixture or after incorporation of SYBR Green dye as yellowish-green fluorescence. The technique was found to be 100% specific and equally sensitive with real-time PCR and 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The PSR assay could be applicable in the detection of the organisms in porcine nasal swabs spiked with A. pleuropneumoniae. This is the first-ever report on the development of PSR for specific detection of A. pleuropneumoniae and can be applied for early diagnosis at the field level.
Uptake of hepatitis B antiviral treatment: A panel data analysis of 31 provinces in China (2013–2020)
Authors: Cheng Hanchao , Liu Shiyang , Luo Simon , Chan Polin , Chen Zhongdan , Le Linh‐Vi , Sun Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChina has made substantial efforts aimed to promote the uptake of antiviral treatment of hepatitis B (HB). It is unclear whether these policies achieved the desired impact. This study adopted medicines procurement data from 31 provinces to generate the first evidence about the number of standard antiviral treatment of HB overtime at both national and provincial levels in China.MethodsWe performed the panel data analyses and quasi‐experimental design with the time‐varying difference‐in‐difference method combined with the event study approach to estimate the uptake of HB antiviral treatment before and after national policy changes.ResultsThe overall trends in HB antiviral treatment at the national level increased incrementally during 2013–2020. There was 2.8862 million 12‐month (person‐year) antiviral standard treatment in 2020, which was only 8.93% of the eligible people estimated to need treatment. The number of monthly antiviral standard treatment increased by 42.4% (p = .001) overall following the nationwide adoption of the ‘4 + 7’ pilot‐pooled procurement prices in 2019, which brought substantial price reduction of core antivirals.ConclusionsA low treatment rate is a critical issue in reaching the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat in China. Affordability is an important but not the only factor that determines the uptake of hepatitis treatment. Further scaling up and acceleration of treatment uptake will need strategies improving public awareness of HB, strengthening diagnosis, linking people who are infected to chronic care, reducing loss to follow‐up, and ensuring people who are eligible get timely treatment.