bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fake News Detection in Turkish Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Fasttext With Word Embedding
Authors: KORU Gülsüm KAYABAŞI , ULUYOL Doç.Dr.Çelebi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Text classification problem is the transaction of pre-processing texts with natural language processing techniques, and the controlled separation of texts into one or more predefined categories or classes according to their content. Preprocessing is the most important and crucial step in classification and text mining. Applications of text classifications are commonly used in various fields such as classification of social interactions, web sites and news texts, improvement of search engines, extraction of information, automatic processing of e-mails. In this study, the classification success of Turkish fake news pulled from Twitter was analyzed with different parameters by using word embedding with fastText and using scikit-learn libraries in our fastText language model. With this model, the classification of Turkish news tweets according to two predefined classes (fake, real) was tested and the classification success was 88%. In addition, the performances of multnomialNB, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Random Forest, Logistic Regression, K-NN, XGBoost and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms on Turkish news tweets were compared and interpreted. At the end of the of the study, the technique with the best classification accomplishment was the SVM algorithm with a classification success of about 84%. According to the result, an effective classifier method in the classification of fake news in Turkish has been put forward and a language model has been developed with our data set created with Turkish tweets. It is possible that the suggested methodology can also be applied to Turkish news on different social media platforms other than Twitter.
mRNAs encoding neurodevelopmental regulators have equal m6A stoichiometry in Drosophila neuroblasts and neurons
Authors: Sami Josephine , Spitale Robert , Cleary Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in metazoans and is particularly abundant in the central nervous system. The extent to which m6A is dynamically regulated and whether m6A contributes to cell type-specific mRNA metabolism in the nervous system, however, is largely unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, we mapped m6A and measured mRNA decay in neural progenitors (neuroblasts) and neurons of the Drosophila melanogaster larval brain. We identified 867 m6A targets; 233 of these are novel and preferentially encode regulators of neuroblast proliferation, cell fate-specification and synaptogenesis. Comparison of the neuroblast and neuron m6A transcriptomes revealed that m6A stoichiometry is largely uniform; we did not find evidence of neuroblast-specific or neuron-specific m6A modification. While m6A stoichiometry is constant, m6A targets are significantly less stable in neuroblasts than in neurons, potentially due to m6A-independent stabilization in neurons. We used in vivo quantitative imaging of m6A target proteins in Mettl3 methyltransferase null brains and Ythdf m6A reader overexpressing brains to assay metabolic effects of m6A. Target protein levels decreased in Mettl3 null brains and increased in Ythdf overexpressing brains, supporting a previously proposed model in which m6A enhances translation of target mRNAs. We conclude that m6A does not directly regulate mRNA stability during Drosophila neurogenesis but is rather deposited on neurodevelopmental transcripts that have intrinsic low stability in order to augment protein output.
Berberine attenuates angiotensin Ⅳ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of PPARα/NO signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Jiafei , Li Jing , Jiang Qingsong , Yang Chuang , Liu Changqing , Tan Rui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy is a common pathological process of many cardiovascular diseases and is the structural basis for the occurrence of heart failure. Berberine, one of the main ingredients of Rhizoma coptidis and Cortex Phellodendri, is an isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple pharmacological applications, especially in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of berberine on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅳ via PPARα/NO signal pathway. The cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅳ (1 nmol/L) was characterized by increasing in the cell surface area, protein content, and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression level. The results showed that angiotensin IV could not only significantly induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but also decrease the expressions of PPARα at both mRNA and protein levels, which occurred in parallel with an declining in the eNOS mRNA expression and NOS activity, as well as NO concentration. However, these effects were obviously inhibited by berberine (from 10 to 100 µmol/L). Both MK886 (0.3 µmol/L), a selective PPARα antagonist, and NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (100 µmol/L), a NOS inhibitor, could abolish the effects of berberine. The results suggested that berberine may have important implications in anti- angiotensin Ⅳ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PPARα/NO signaling pathway .
Vaccine-hesitant individuals accumulate additional COVID-19 risk due to divergent perception and behaviors related to SARS-CoV-2 testing – a population based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Wratil Paul R. , Kotter Katharina , Bischof Marie L. , Hollerbach Sophie , Apak Elif , Kalteis Anna-Lena M. , Nayeli-Pflantz Tamara , Kaderali Lars , Adorjan Kristina , Keppler Oliver T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the perception of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods, information sources, and opinions on appropriate behavior after receiving negative or positive test results.
Methods
In a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study conducted between September 1 and November 17, 2021, epidemiological, behavioral, and COVID-19-related data was acquired from the public in Munich, Germany.
Results
Most of the 1,388 participants obtained information from online media (82.8%) as well as state and federal authorities (80.3%). 93.4% believed in the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing and 41.2% in the accuracy of rapid antigen tests (RATs). However, RATs were preferred for testing (59.1%) over PCR (51.1%). 24.0 % of all individuals were willing to ignore hygiene measures and 76.9% were less afraid of SARS-CoV-2 transmission after receiving a negative PCR test (5.9% and 48.8% in case of a negative RAT). 28.8% reported not to self-isolate after receiving a positive RAT. Multivariate analyses revealed that non-vaccinated individuals relied less on information from governmental authorities (p=0.0004) and more on social media (p=0.0216), disbelieved in the accuracy of the PCR test (p≤0.0001) while displaying strong preference towards using RATs (p≤0.0001), were more willing to abandon pandemic-related hygiene measures (p≤0.0001), less afraid of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 after a negative RAT (p≤0.0001), and less likely to isolate after a positive RAT (p≤0.0001).
Conclusion
Insights into preferred information sources as well as perception, preferences and behavior related to SARS-CoV-2 testing and hygiene measures are key to refining public health information and surveillance campaigns. Non-vaccinated individuals’ divergent believes and behaviors possibly increase their COVID-19 risk.
Taxonomic identification of objects of industrial mariculture of the genus Trachinotus from cage farms in central Vietnam
Authors: Shadrin Andrey M. , Semenova Anna V. , Nguyen Thị Hai Thanh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
According to the numerous sources of scientific literature and in commercial offers, two species of pompano are currently cultivated in the mariculture of Vietnam, T. blochii and T. falcatus. There are also two species in China, but these are T. blochii and T. ovatus. Taxonomic identification of pompano species from Vietnam by morphological features and DNA barcoding showed that one of these species is indeed T. blochii, and the second, not T. falcatus, but T. anak. Analysis of literature data and reference sequences deposited in the GenBank suggests with a high degree of probability that the same two species are contained in the mariculture of China. Whereas neither T. falcatus nor T. ovatus are represented in the culture of Southeast Asia.
Developing a deep neural network-based encoder-decoder framework in automatic image captioning systems
Authors: Rahman Md. Mijanur , Uzzaman Ashik , Sami Sadia Islam , Khatun Fatema 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study is concerned with the development of a deep neural network-based framework, including a “convolutional neural network (CNN)” encoder and a “Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)” decoder in an automatic image captioning application. The proposed model percepts information points in a picture and their relationship to one another in the viewpoint. Firstly, a CNN encoder excels at retaining spatial information and recognizing objects in images by extracting features to produce vocabulary that describes the photos. Secondly, an LSTM network decoder is used for predicting words and creating meaningful sentences from the built keywords. Thus, in the proposed neural network-based system, the VGG-19 model is presented for defining the proposed model as an image feature extractor and sequence processor, and then the LSTM model provides a fixed-length output vector as a final prediction. A variety of images from several open-source datasets, such as Flickr 8k, Flickr 30k, and MS COCO, were explored and used for training as well as testing the proposed model. The experiment was done on Python with Keras and TensorFlow backend. It demonstrated the automatic image captioning and evaluated the performance of the proposed model using the BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy) metric.
Serum Malondialdehyde and Paraoxonase-1 as Predictors of Oxidative Stress in Critically Ill Children: a cross sectional study
Authors: Abdallah Hanaa Reyad , Ahmed Gehan Hussien , Moneer Sherif Ashraf , Youness Eman Refaat , Aziz Miriam Magdy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Free radicals’ excessive production contributes to increasing the burden of oxidative stress in critically ill patients. This could be involved in the pathogenesis of tissue damage and systemic dysfunction. In this study we aimed to assess the oxidative stress status through evaluation of oxidants and antioxidants levels in critically ill pediatric patients.
Methods
This study included 25 pediatric ICU critically ill patients; and 25 healthy age and sex matched controls. Patients were subjected to detailed medical history and clinical examination. The degree of critical illness was assessed according to qSOFA score. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, blood culture, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and paraoxonase-1 serum level as an index of antioxidants level. The comparisons were done using Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and One Way ANOVA. The correlations were done by Spearman correlation coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to detect the predictive values and area under the curve (AUC) of the studied markers
Results
statistically significant elevation in the level of serum MDA and TAC were detected in patients than controls (p < 0.001) for each, and decrease in serum paraoxonase-1 in cases than the controls (p < 0.001). TAC was significantly increased in patients with septic shock (p < 0.05). Positive significant correlation was found between MDA and AST (p < 0.05), TAC and AST (p < 0.01) and TAC and INR (p < 0.05). Serum MDA predicts oxidative damage with sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 68%, serum paroxonase-1 with sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 68% and TAC sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 68%
Conclusion
Serum malondialdehyde and paraoxonase-1 can be used as a potential biomarkers for oxidative damage of critical illness in children with good sensitivity but low specificity, while TAC can also be used as a predictor for severity of illness in children. Therefore, change of the oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status could be a possible goal for therapy in critical illness.
The pattern of failure after Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (SRT) for oligometastases: predictive factors for poly progression
Authors: Franceschini Davide , Cozzi Luca , Vernier Veronica , Marzo Antonio Marco , Marini Beatrice , Stefanini Sara , Navarria Pierina , Scorsetti Marta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD) can be safely treated with Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (SRT). Further disease progression is common in these patients. In most cases, patients relapse again with oligometastases, however some can experience a poly-progression after a local ablative treatment (LAT). The purpose of this study was to retrospectively identify factors associated with poly-progression in patients receiving SRT for OMD.
Methods
Data from a monocentric database were retrospectively analyzed. Patients treated with SRT for OMD and who developed progression after LAT were selected. Patients were categorized as oligo or poly-progressive according to the number of new/progressing metastases (≤ or > 5). Herein, we analyzed data about patients' characteristics, oligometastatic presentation and radiation treatment characteristics to evaluate their relationship with progression type.
Results
From 2013 to 2021, data on 700 patients progressing after LAT were analyzed. Among them, 227 patients (32,4%) experienced a poly-progression; the median time to poly-progression was 7.72 months (range 1-79.6). Five variables associated with poly-progression were found to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis: performance status (p < 0.001), site of the primary tumor (p = 0.016), ablative dose (p = 0.002), treated site (p = 0.002), single or double organ (p = 0.03). Of those, all but the number of involved organs retained their significant predictive value on the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
Our study identified four independent factors associated with poly-progression in patients with OMD receiving SRT. Our data may support comprehensive characterization of OMD, better understanding of factors associated with progression.
Stellate ganglion block improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats by SIRT1-mediated white matter lesion repair
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Yang , Li Hejian , Hu Yanhui , Yu Shuchun , Liu Qin , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication of the central nervous system after surgery, especially in elderly patients. White matter lesions cause cognitive impairment. Although stellate ganglion block (SGB) is an effective intervention for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The SIRT1 signaling pathway is involved in the process that SGB alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms that SGB improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1 in aged rats and its association with white matter lesion repair are yet to be elucidated.
Methods
To simulate a surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction-like condition, 20-month-old aged male Sprague-Dawley rat was subjected to splenectomy to induce cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test. Western blotting was used to determine SIRT1 and NF-κB expression levels in the hippocampus and white matter under different circumstances. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine SIRT1 expression in white matter. The morphology of neural cells in white matter was observed by HE staining. NF-κB activity was measured by EMSA. The serum and white matter TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were determined by ELISA.
Results
After splenectomy, the expression of SIRT1 in the rat hippocampus and white matter was dramatically decreased, NF-κB activity was enhanced, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and white matter were increased, and rat showed significant cognitive impairment. After treatment with stellate ganglion block, activation of SIRT1 mediated by the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway alleviated neuroinflammation, reversed white matter injury, and ameliorated surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we provide strong evidence to demonstrate that postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients is associated with white matter injury, and stellate ganglion block can improve postoperative cognitive impairment in the older by reversing white matter lesion by activating SIRT1.
Supercapacitive Performance of Sustainable/Eco-friendly Oxygen rich Activated-carbons derived using Hazardous Soot Particles
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sahu Vikrant , Sharma Raj Kishore , Marichi Ram Bhagat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present work aims the application of extremely hazardous
and life-threatening soot particles released to environment from
different industrial processes. These soot materials are proposed
as potential source of functionalized nano carbons for
energy storage application. In this work, soot samples were
collected from various sources namely automobile emission,
agricultural/forest waste and industrial works; and were chemically
activated using KOH to obtain heteroatom functionalized activated
carbons (i.e. activated coal soot (ACS), activated diesel soot
(ADS) and activated wood soot (AWS) respectively) exhibiting large
BET surface area (~ 846 m2 g− 1).
Morphological investigations (FESEM and HRTEM) reveals formation of
interconnected granular aggregates exhibiting enormous
inter-particle meso/microporous channels significant for
electrolyte passage and lowering charge-transfer resistance.
Structural characterizations (XRD, FTIR and Raman spectra) justify
these soots having activated graphitic structures enriched with
oxygen-based functionalities (e.g. -COOH, -OH,
C6H5OH etc.) that impart hydrophilic
character and excellent pseudocapacitive properties.
Electrochemical measurements in 1 M H2SO4
affirm high capacitance values (361–440 F g− 1 at 5 mV
s− 1) for soot-based electrodes bestowed by high surface
area in addition to meso/microporous structure. Nevertheless,
AWS║AWS cell demonstrates remarkable stability over 5000 cycles at
50 mV s− 1 owing to high carbon enriched moiety relative
to ADS║ADS and ACS║ACS supercapacitors which further illustrate
greater activation of electrode materials during charge/discharge
caused by high content of pseudocapacitive functionalities.
Variations in electrochemistry can be attributed to structural
organizations of the activated soot particles and variable
percentage of heteroatoms in their carbon lattices which govern
overall ‘EDL plus pseudo’ performances.
Patterns of Neonatal Thrombocytopenia with A Note on Platelet Indices and Optical Technology – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pallivilla Uma Rani , Gudeli Vahini , Ledalla Maadhurika , Jalagam Rajendra 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Neonatal thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count <150×10^9/L regardless of gestational-age. It results from hypo-proliferation in marrow or peripheral destruction of platelets. Platelet count can be rapidly measured using automated hematology analyzers, but peripheral smear remains best method. The causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are defined by time of presentation into foetal (mainly TORCH infections), early (< 3 days), and late. The present study highlights pattern and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia in study hospital, adding importance of platelet indices and optical technology.
Aim: To study patterns and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia, platelet indices and to measure accuracy of platelet count by optical technology methods against peripheral smear.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study done for a period of 8 months from December 2018 to July 2019, at ASRAM medical college, Eluru. During this period blood samples of 113 critical cases of newborns, admitted with thrombocytopenia, were collected in Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vials. The platelet count was analyzed by two automated analyzers, Sysmex XN1000 and Horiba ABX Pentra XL 80. The Leishman-stained films were examined under a light microscope. ANOVA test was used to find mean difference between platelet counts, sensitivity, and specificity, and accuracy was calculated by MEDCALC CALCULATOR.
Results: Out of total of 113 critical cases of new-borns admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at institute, 85 presented with thrombocytopenia. The variation of platelet indices was noted in 40 cases, blood cultures were collected in 77 cases. Thrombocytopenia showing platelet count less than 20,000/ mm3 is considered very severe, with 30.5% (26 cases) of total number. Elevated platelet indices were noted at 47.5%. The common clinical diagnosis was neonatal sepsis (42.3%), followed by neonatal jaundice (18.8%). The light scatterer principle of platelet evaluation proved to have better accuracy than electrical impedance, in comparison to peripheral smear findings.
Conclusion: The study concludes that neonatal septicemia is major cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia as proved by correlating platelet count with platelet indices. And also, usage of automated hemogram reports with platelet indices, is a source of information to suspect etiology of thrombocytopenia thereby preventing adverse outcomes. The principle of Optical Light scatterer technique in an automated analyzer gives better results than the electrical impedance technique for detecting platelet count value, though peripheral smear examination is mandatory for confirmation.