bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation of traditional water bodies; A study of Gopal Sagar and Roop Sagar, Deeg, Rajasthan
Authors: Kaur Harshita , Choudhary Sanjay , Kumar Nand , Jat Mahesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The decline of traditional water bodies in India needs to be addressed for a sustainable water management system in both urban and rural context. Traditional water conservation practices have been overpowered by the growing urbanisation can still reduce environmental stress. Deeg, known as the "city of water palaces," still maintains a number of water storage facilities that several kings over the course of centuries erected to address summertime water shortages in semi-arid zones of India. This research study was undertaken to give empirical evidence to revive and utilise one such traditional waterbody of Gopal Sagar and Roop Sagar in Deeg palace. By assessing the water quality of the water bodies, the paper tries to gauge the immediate impact of such water bodies on the surroundings. Through conversations with technical staff, field observations, and resident interviews, numerous analysis methodologies have been practiced to comprehend the long-term viability of these certain measures. The paper also examines the hydrological system of the associated water body and discusses the conservation practices that can be implemented for the research setting. The comprehensive study has enhanced understanding of the spatio-temporal behaviour of the water bodies which can also be useful in the future for policymakers and authorities in designing or improving similar traditional water bodies anywhere in the India. In order to keep these vital water sources from going extinct in the cities where water is already scarce, it is crucial to monitor, control, prevent, and most importantly educate the public and grassroots institutions.
The linkage between autumn Barents-Kara sea ice and European cold winter extremes
Authors: Cai Di , Lohmann Gerrit , Chen Xianyao , Ionita Monica 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite intense efforts to understand Arctic-midlatitudes linkages, there is no agreement on whether a causal relationship exists between sea ice reduction and the frequency of occurrence of mid-latitude weather extremes (e.g., cold spells, heatwaves, droughts). By tracking month-to-month variability based on observational data, we show that a reduced sea ice over the Barents-Kara Seas in autumn is the pacemaker for the large-scale atmospheric circulation rearrangement and the variations in blocking dynamics, steering the extreme cold winters of Europe. The European winter temperature change is a direct response to a stationary Rossby wave generated by the lower troposphere diabatic heat anomaly as a result of sea ice loss over the Barents-Kara Seas in autumn, which induces a tendency for a negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation and an increase in the atmospheric blocking frequency over Greenland and the North Atlantic. The negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and enhanced blocking are closely related and complementary, each of them being associated with and jointly shaping the spatial distribution of cold anomalies over the European continent. Our work has significant implicants for a better understanding of the Arctic-midlatitude linkage and resultant extreme cold events in mid-latitudes.
Income dynamics and risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Park Yong-Moon , Amick Benjamin C. , McElfish Pearl A. , Brown Clare C. , Su L. Joseph , Schootman Mario , Narcisse Marie-Rachelle , Choi Yoon Jin , Han Kyungdo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Evidence regarding the association between income and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is inconclusive. Furthermore, the relationship between income dynamics and CRC risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown.
Using nationally representative data from the Korean Health Insurance Service database, 1,672,811 adults with T2D aged 30 to 64 years and without a history of cancer were enrolled between 2009-2012. We determined income levels based on 20 quantiles of monthly health insurance premiums and assessed income quartiles annually for five years preceding participant enrollment. Hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were estimated after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, CRC risk factors, and diabetes duration and treatment.
During follow-up (median, 7.8 years), 22,149 CRC cases developed at least 1 year after enrollment. Individuals with sustained low income (i.e., lowest income quartile) over five years had increased CRC risk (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.18). In contrast, those with sustained high income (i.e., highest income quartile) had decreased CRC risk (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.89), which was more pronounced for rectal cancer (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.52-0.78) and distal colon cancer (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57-0.86). Income declines (i.e., a decrease≥25% in income quantile) were associated with increased CRC risk (HR≥2 vs. 0 declines 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.16; p trend=0.0007). Among those with low income at 5 years pre-enrollment, CRC risk decreased linearly with increasing income levels over five years(p trend<0.0001).
Our findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms by which income dynamics impact CRC risk among individuals with T2D.
In situ estimation of phytoplankton community growth rate inside dialysis membrane bags: A microcosm experiment at a fish farm in the eastern Aegean Sea
Authors: Şener Betül Bardakçı , TIRASIN EYÜP MÜMTAZ 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study presents findings from an in situ microcosm experiment at a fish farm in the eastern Aegean Sea. Natural phytoplankton assemblages were incubated inside dialysis membrane bags for six days to observe effects of nutrients released to the water column from farm activities. 12 bags were filled with seawater filtered through 150-µm mesh, and another 12 with unfiltered seawater. The measured concentrations of nitrite + nitrate, orthophosphate and silicate in the ambient seawater compared with those inside the bags showed no significant temporal variation and were all within the range typically found in oligotrophic waters. Chlorophyll a concentrations measured in the ambient water were low. While there was no detectible phytoplankton net growth in the ambient seawater; the chlorophyll a content of the bags increased from the first day but the rise in phytoplankton cell numbers in the bags only became apparent after the second day of the experiment. The estimated growth rates of chlorophyll a concentrations and phytoplankton cell numbers inside the filtered and unfiltered bags were not statistically different. The species richness in the bags sharply decreased from 29–30 to 8 species. Three diatom species, Leptocylindrus danicus, Nitzschia longissimi and Cylindrotheca XXXlosterium proliferated exponentially inside all bags, exceeding the overall average growth rate. The grazing pressure on phytoplankton for both bags were similar because the filtration only eliminated the copepods, not the ciliates. The overall results confirm that under continuous nutrient releases from fish farms, high population growth rates can be achieved in oligotrophic environments when phytoplankton losses due to grazing, advection and sinking are eliminated.
A primate-specific (GCC) repeat in SMAD9 undergoes natural selection in humans and harbors unambiguous genotypes in late-onset neurocognitive disorder.
Authors: Alizadeh Samira , Khamse Safoura , Bernhart Stephan H , Vahedi M. , Afshar Hossein , Rezaei Omid , Delbari Ahmad , Ohadi Mina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Across numerous primate species and tissues, SMAD9 (SMAD Family Member 9) reaches the highest level of expression in the human brain. This gene contains a (GCC) short tandem repeat (STR) at the interval between + 1 and + 60 of the transcription start site, which is in the 1st percent of high-ranking (GCC)-repeats in respect of length. Here we sequenced this (GCC)-repeat in 396 Iranian individuals, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 181) and controls (N = 215). We detected two predominantly abundant alleles of 7 and 9 repeats, forming 96.2% of the allele pool. The ratio of the (GCC)7 and (GCC)9 alleles was in the reverse order in the NCD group versus controls (p = 0.005), resulting from excess of (GCC)7 in the NCD group (p = 0.003) and the 9-repeat in the controls (p = 0.01). Five genotypes, predominantly consisting of (GCC)7 and lacking (GCC)9 were detected in the NCD group only (p = 0.008). Those patients received probable diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease and/or cerebrovascular dementia. Five genotypes consisting of (GCC)9 and lacking (GCC)7 were detected in the control group only (p = 0.002). The group-specific genotypes formed approximately 4% of the genotype pool in human samples studied. In conclusion, we propose natural selection and a novel locus for late-onset NCD at the SMAD9 (GCC)-repeat in humans. Although the percentage of individuals harboring the specific genotypes in each group was modest, those genotypes represent an underappreciated feature, which may enhance the perspective of disorders that are considered to be complex, and yet may be linked to unambiguous genotypes at certain STR loci.
Analysis of pre-diagnostic values of leukocytes count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients who develop colorectal cancer
Authors: Turri Giulia , Caligola Simone , Ugel Stefano , Conti Cristian , Zenuni Silvia , Barresi Valeria , Ruzzenente Andrea , Lippi Giuseppe , Scarpa Aldo , Guglielmi Alfredo , Pedrazzani Corrado 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence is pointing towards a relevant role of immunity in cancer development. Alterations in leukocytes count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) seems to predict poor prognosis, but no data is available for the pre-diagnostic values.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgery for CRC at our center (2005 – 2020). 334 patients with a complete blood count dating at least 24 months prior to diagnosis were included. Changes in pre-diagnosis values of leukocytes (Pre-Leu), lymphocytes (Pre-Lymph), neutrophils (Pre-Neut), and NLR (Pre-NLR) and their correlation with overall- (OS) and cancer-related survival (CRS) were analyzed.
Results: Pre-Leu, Pre-Neut and Pre-NLR showed an increasing trend approaching the date of diagnosis, while Pre-Lymph tended to decrease. The parameters were tested for associations with survival after surgery through multivariable analysis. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, Pre-Leu, Pre-Neut, Pre-Lymph and Pre-NLR resulted independent prognostic factors for OS and CRS. On sub-group analysis considering the interval between blood sampling and surgery, higher Pre-Leu, Pre-Neut, and Pre-NLR and lower Pre-Lymph were associated with worse CRS, and the effect was more evident when blood samples were closer to surgery.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a significant correlation between pre-diagnosis immune profile and prognosis in CRC.
A Nomogram to predict overall survival based on the log odds of positive lymph nodes for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shuai Jingliang , Huang Wei , Lu Yuan-Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the prognostic efficiency of N stage from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, lymph nodes ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A nomogram based on LODDS was developed and validated to predict overall survival (OS) of patients with stage III NSCLC. A total of 2896 stage III NSCLC patients were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015 and divided into training and validation sets. The prognostic efficiency of N stage, LNR, and LODDS were compared using the Harrell concordance index (C-index), the Akaike information criterion (AIC), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to determine the independent prognostic factors, and constructed a nomogram based on LODDS. LODDS showed a slight advantage in predicting OS for NSCLC among three lymph node staging systems. In the training set, the C-index of the LODDS-based model was 0.645, the AIC was 18383.43. The AUCs were 0.708, 0.675 and 0.671 for predicting 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS. The calibration plots showed the superior clinical applicability of the nomogram. These results were confirmed in the validation set. As an independent prognostic factor for stage III NSCLC, LODDS showed superior prognostic efficiency among the three lymph node staging systems. This LODDS-based nomogram demonstrated better performance than the AJCC tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system in predicting OS for stage III NSCLC.
Planning a water-constrained ecological restoration pattern to enhance landscape sustainability in drylands
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Liu Yanxu , Liu Xin , Qiao Wenguang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContext:Ecological restoration is an important approach to improve landscape sustainability. However, ecological restoration in drylandsis strongly limited by water resources. Therefore, a technical route for ecological restoration in drylandsthat creates sustainable landscapes based on those water constraintsis needed.Objectives:In this study, we develop a spatially explicit frameworknamed "Constraint - Pattern - Benefit" to plan ecological restoration patterns in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to demonstrate its applicability to sustainable landscape planning in drylands.Method:Based on a prediction of the ecosystem service (ES) increase under limited evapotranspiration as a water constraint, we constructed 5 landscape sustainability-related strategies with 100 ecological restoration scenarios, which considering fragmentation of restoration locations, distance to city, water consumption, and the allocation scale to determine the spatial arrangement of ecological restoration.Results:First, the ES increase potential of ecological restoration under water constraints is distributed in the center of Inner Mongolia. The multiple-objective scenario simultaneously achieves 59.1% water yield, 74.2% soil conservation, 57.2% sand fixation, and 52.8% carbon sequestration with 50% restoredlandscape. Second, considering the indicators of fragmentation, water consumption, and distance to city decreases the restored landscape fragmentation from 0.44 to 0.26, improves the restoration efficiency by 14.41%, and increases the beneficiary population by 35.5%, respectively. Third, the downscaling of the restoration area allocation can further increase the ES realization efficiency, which is on average 4.8% higher at the city scale than at the provincial scale.Conclusions:The technical route comprehensively considersnot only water constraints but also sustainability indicators such as ecological services and human benefits. Moreover, this approach focuses on the sustainable effect of the spatial arrangement on dryland landscapesat different scales, which provides methodological support for improving the sustainability of drylands.
Optimal control problem for unbounded bilinear systems and applications
Authors: Yahyaoui Soufiane , Ouzahra Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we will investigate the optimal control problem for unbounded bilinear systems, with (p, q)-admissible control operators. We will first study the case of finite time-horizon with unconstrained or constrained endpoint. This result is further applied to build the optimal control for infinite time horizon. Finally, we solve the bilinear optimal control for the transport equation. Then we consider the fractional diffusion equation, for which we prove the strong stabilisation by an optimal time-varying feedback control.
“We know that our voices are valued, and that people are actually going to listen”: co-producing an evaluation of a young people’s research advisory group
Authors: Brady Louca-Mai , Miller Jacqueline , Mcfarlane-Rose Eleri , Noor Jasmine , Noor Rhianne , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Children and young people’s (CYP) involvement is an increasing priority in healthcare and in heath research, alongside recognition that involving CYP in research requires different considerations to involving adults. Underpinned by children’s rights and a co-production ethos this paper, co-authored with young evaluators, explores the learning from a co-produced evaluation of eyeYPAG, a young persons’ research advisory group (YPAG) for eye and vision research based at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London.
Methods
A team of young evaluators, supported by the eyeYPAG facilitator, conducted focus groups and online surveys with young group members, their parents and carers, researchers, group facilitators and funders. Qualitative data was analysed using a collaborative reflexive thematic analysis approach. Quantitative data, limited by the small number of participants, was analysed in Excel and reported as descriptive data.
Results:
CYP valued the social and creative aspects of the group as well as learning about research and developing skills and confidence. Learning was a two-way process, with both researchers and facilitators reflecting on how much they had learnt from working with the YPAG. All participants talked about the importance of impact, feeling that CYP are making a difference to research, as well as CYP’s right to be involved.
Effective planning and facilitation were key to the success of the group, in relation to accessibility and the development and delivery of sessions both online and in-person. Resourcing and administration were key challenges to this, as was engaging researchers who were not already converted to the public involvement cause.
As the nature of a YPAG is that it primarily focuses on advising researcher-led projects, co-production was identified as something that the group was ‘working towards’, including through this evaluation. Co-producing with CYP involves building up knowledge, confidence and acknowledging power dynamics.
Conclusions:
Co-producing an evaluation enabled us to learn about the benefits and challenges of involving CYP in research, as well as how to involve them in the development of that evidence. An ethos of co-production and children’s rights helped to shift the balance of power and develop more engaging and inclusive ways of working.
Relationship Between Volumetric Capnography, Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Return of Spontaneus Circulation in an Experimental Model of Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Navazo Sara de la Mata , Manrique Gema , Fernández Sarah N. , Pérez Gema , Butragueño‑Laiseca Laura , García Miriam , Slöcker María , González Rafael , Herrera Laura , Mencía Santiago , Castillo Jimena del , Solana María José , Sanz Débora , Cieza Raquel , López Jorge , Martínez Alicia Rodríguez , Santiago María José , Urbano Javier , López‑Herce Jesús 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To study the relationship between volumetric capnography (VCAP) and arterial CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to analyze the ability of these parameters to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA).
Methods
Secondary analysis of a randomized study. Asphyxial CA was induced by muscle relaxation and extubation. CPR was started two minutes after CA occurred. Airway management was performed with early endotracheal intubation or bag-mask ventilation, according to randomization group. CPR was continued until ROSC or 24 minutes of resuscitation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), CO2 production (VCO2), and EtCO2/VCO2/kg ratio were continuously recorded.
Results
Seventy-nine piglets were included, 26 (32.9%) of whom achieved ROSC. EtCO2 was the best predictor of ROSC (AUC 0.72, p < 0.01 and optimal cutoff point of 21.6 mmHg). No statistical differences were obtained regarding VCO2, VCO2/kg and EtCO2/VCO2/kg ratios. VCO2 and VCO2/kg showed an inverse correlation with PCO2, with higher a correlation coefficient as resuscitation progressed. EtCO2 also had an inverse correlation with PCO2 from minute 18 to 24 of resuscitation.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that EtCO2 is the best VCAP-derived parameter for predicting ROSC. EtCO2 and VCO2 showed an inverse correlation with PCO2. Therefore, these parameters are not adequate to measure ventilation during CPR.
Label-Free Fluorometric Characterization of Fibre Cement: Unraveling Lignin Degradation via Multidimensional Fluorometry
Authors: Hoque Mahfuzul , Kamal Saeid , Raghunath Sreenath , Foster E. Johan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pulp fibre as reinforcement in non-structural building material, such as fibre cement, could be a forerunner in mitigating the carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint of cement-based residential and commercial structures. However, one of the major bottlenecks in increasing the content of reinforcement in fibre cement has been their poor chemical stability in the strongly alkaline cement matrix. To date, probing the health of pulp fibre-cement is a lengthy and laborious process, requiring mechanical and chemical separations. In this study, we have demonstrated that it is possible to understand more of the chemical interactions at the fibre-cement interfaces by probing lignin, which could act as the indicator of the severity of the cement matrix’s alkalinity. Multidimensional fluorometry is shown here for the first time to be a highly sensitive and versatile platform technology to understand the lignin degradation in fibre cement.
Classification and spatial mapping of atmospheric corrosion of China
Authors: Han Yu , Hao Wenkui , Xu Lingling , Chen Xin , Jin Yan , Zhang Xinghui , Chen Yun , Huang Luyao , Yang Bingkun , Zhu Zhixiang , Wang Xiaofang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric corrosion is ubiquitous in China but varies a lot among different regions covering the cold, temperate and tropical zones. Categorizing the atmospheric corrosivity and plotting precise atmospheric corrosion map remain key interest for a variety of industries. The present work proposed an atmospheric corrosion map of China for hot-dip galvanized steels, which was constructed by inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation algorithm based on both the measured corrosion rates of coupons exposed at 2393 inland test stations and calculated corrosion rates from a prevalent dose-response function in 2918 sites in coastal regions. When the corrosion category was used as the criterion, the IDW interpolation algorithm of power 2 performed best. Cross-validation results confirmed that the prediction accuracy of IDW interpolation reached 85.6%. Based on the corrosion map, the categories of atmospheric corrosivity of China could be determined. The atmospheric corrosion map shows C2 (50.07%) and C3 (44.14%) zones cover the vast majority of China. C4-CX categories (highly corrosive regions) account for 4.07% (390760 km2) of China.