bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ability of a Novel Trypsin-like Peptidase Activity Assay Kit to Detect Red-Complex Species
Authors: Usui Michihiko , Iwasaki Masanori , Ariyoshi Wataru , Kobayashi Kaoru , Kasai Shingo , Yamanaka Rieko , Nakashima Keisuke , Nishihara Tatsuji 
Published: September 2022

The trypsin-like peptidase activity assay kit measures the trypsin-like protease produced by three red-complex species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, causing periodontitis, and detects the presence of these bacteria in samples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the detection of TLPs by a novel TLP-AA, ADCHECK and the detection of red-complex pathogens by real-time PCR using tongue swabs from patients with periodontitis. The detection limit of trypsin-like protease activity by ADCHECK was validated using the culture supernatants of two different Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial strains. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the number of red-complex species in the tongue coatings of patients with periodontal disease. Trypsin-like protease activity in tongue-swab samples was scored using ADCHECK. ADCHECK successfully detected trypsin-like protease activity in 103 Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial strains. The specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of ADCHECK for the presence of red-complex pathogens determined by real-time PCR were 90%, 97%, 98%, and 92%, respectively. ADCHECK is an effective tool for the detection of red-complex pathogens.
Changes in Toxin Production, Morphology and Viability of Gymnodinium catenatum Associated with Allelopathy of Chattonella marina var. marina and Gymnodinium impudicum
Authors: Fernández-Herrera Leyberth José , Band-Schmidt Christine Johanna , Zenteno-Savín Tania , Leyva-Valencia Ignacio , Hernández-Guerrero Claudia Judith , Hernández-Sandoval Francisco Eduardo , Bustillos-Guzmán José Jesús 
Published: September 2022

Allelopathy between phytoplankton organisms is promoted by substances released into the marine environment that limit the presence of the dominating species. We evaluated the allelopathic effects and response of cell-free media of Chattonella marina var. marina and Gymnodinium impudicum in the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum. Additionally, single- and four-cell chains of G. catenatum isolated from media with allelochemicals were cultured to evaluate the effects of post exposure on growth and cell viability. Cell diagnosis showed growth limitation and an increase in cell volume, which reduced mobility and led to cell lysis. When G. catenatum was exposed to cell-free media of C. marina and G. impudicum, temporary cysts and an increased concentration of paralytic shellfish toxins were observed. After exposure to allelochemicals, the toxin profile of G. catenatum cells in the allelopathy experiments was composed of gonyautoxins 2/3 (GTX2/3), decarcarbamoyl (dcSTX, dcGTX2/3), and the sulfocarbamoyl toxins (B1 and C1/2). A difference in toxicity (pg STXeq cell−1) was observed between G. catenatum cells in the control and those exposed to the filtrates of C. marina var. marina and G. impudicum. Single cells of G. catenatum had a lower growth rate, whereas chain-forming cells had a higher growth rate. We suggest that a low number of G. catenatum cells can survive the allelopathic effect. We hypothesize that the survival strategy of G. catenatum is migration through the chemical cloud, encystment, and increased toxicity.
Actualization of the problem of forming the public speaking experience
Authors: Ryndak Valentina G. , Saldaeva Olga V. , Allagulo Artur M. , Chelpachenko Tatyana V. , Zhirnova Alexandra I. 
Published: September 2022

The article emphasizes that the experience of public speaking of the future teacher is a necessary condition for his pedagogical activity. An overview of the fundamental works of domestic and foreign studies on the topic under study is given. Their scientific contribution to pandemic pedagogy and the problems of researching the practice of personal growth, tools, means, the formation of the experience of public speaking of the future teacher, which are supplemented in the article with audience management techniques, generalization of the experience of public speaking of future teachers; materials, research methods (theoretical analysis, observation, analysis of the experience of the authors of the article) are described. The results reveal the basic principles of rhetoric on which the success of public speaking is based. Also, it highlighted the ways in which the speakers managed to establish contact with the audience and attract attention during the speech.
Radiation-induced luminescence properties of Sn-doped hafnium aluminosilicate glass ceramics prepared by using a xenon image furnace
Authors: Shiratori Daiki , Fukushima Hiroyuki , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kato Takumi , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yanagida Takayuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, Sn-doped 10HfO2–10Al2O3–80SiO2 glasses were prepared using a xenon imaging furnace and their physical, optical, and scintillation properties were investigated. At the composition ratio, the specimens did not completely vitrify, and they were crystallized glasses that contained nanocrystals of c-HfO2. Raman spectra show the absorption bands due to Si–O–Hf bonds, and the band clearly indicated an effective molecular mingling of SiO2 and HfO2 components in the glass. Moreover, the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy maps suggested that the elemental distribution of this glass specimen is heterogeneous. In terms of optical properties of the glass, all the specimens showed emission due to Sn2+, and their tendency to increase photoluminescence quantum yield with increasing Sn concentration. The estimated luminescence from pulse height spectrum measurements under alpha irradiation was ∼2500 ph MeV−1, approximately 35% of the GS-20 glass scintillator counterpart.
Applications of scintillators in optical-fiber-based detectors
Authors: Watanabe Kenichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article presents the fundamentals and an overview of the optical-fiber-based scintillation detectors, which consist of a scintillator and an optical fiber light guide. This type of detector is preferentially used in special applications. In these applications, only a scintillator probe is placed in a severe environment, while a photodetector stays in a mild environment. Additionally, a detector should not disturb an irradiated field. As examples, applications in nuclear reactor physics experiments, medical uses, such as radiation therapies, and severe radiation conditions are reviewed.
Synchronizing Times for $k$-sets in Automata
Authors: Behague Natalie , Johnson Robert 
Published: September 2022

An automaton is synchronizing if there is a word that maps all states onto the same state. Černý's conjecture on the length of the shortest such word is probably the most famous open problem in automata theory. We consider the closely related question of determining the minimum length of a word that maps $k$ states onto a single state.
For synchronizing automata, we improve the upper bound on the minimum length of a word that sends some triple to a a single state from $0.5n^2$ to $\approx 0.19n^2$. We further extend this to an improved bound on the length of such a word for 4 states and 5 states.
In the case of non-synchronizing automata, we give an example to show that the minimum length of a word that sends $k$ states to a single state can be as large as $\Theta\left(n^{k-1}\right)$.
Nature and Scalings of Density Fluctuations of Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence with Applications to the Solar Wind
Authors: Fu Xiangrong , Li 李 Hui 晖 , Gan Zhaoming , Du Senbei , Steinberg John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The solar wind is a magnetized and turbulent plasma. Its turbulence is often dominated by Alfvénic fluctuations and often deemed as nearly incompressible far away from the Sun, as shown by in situ measurements near 1 au. However, for solar wind closer to the Sun, the plasma β decreases (often lower than unity) while the turbulent Mach number M

t
increases (can approach unity, e.g., transonic fluctuations). These conditions could produce significantly more compressible effects, characterized by enhanced density fluctuations, as seen by several space missions. In this paper, a series of 3D MHD simulations of turbulence are carried out to understand the properties of compressible turbulence, particularly the generation of density fluctuations. We find that, over a broad range of parameter space in plasma β, cross helicity, and polytropic index, the turbulent density fluctuations scale linearly as a function of M

t
, with the scaling coefficients showing weak dependence on parameters. Furthermore, through detailed spatiotemporal analysis, we show that the density fluctuations are dominated by low-frequency nonlinear structures, rather than compressible MHD eigenwaves. These results could be important for understanding how compressible turbulence contributes to solar wind heating near the Sun.
Current landscape of therapeutic EUS: Changing paradigms in gastroenterology practice
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Bronswijk Michiel , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Larghi Alberto , Wanrooij Roy L. J. van , de Boer Ynto S. , Rimbas Mihai , Khashab Mouen , Merwe Schalk W. van der 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Therapeutic EUS has witnessed exponential growth in the last decade, but it has been considered investigational until recently. An increasing body of good-quality evidence is now demonstrating clear advantages over established alternatives, adding therapeutic EUS to management algorithms of complex hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) and gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. In this review, the available evidence and clinical role of therapeutic EUS in established and evolving applications will be discussed. A Graphical Summary for each scenario will provide (1) technical steps, (2) anatomical sketch, (3) best-supporting evidence, and (4) role in changing current and future GI practice. Therapeutic EUS has accepted well-established applications such as drainage of symptomatic peripancreatic fluid collections, biliary drainage in failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and treatment of acute cholecystitis in unfit-for-surgery patients. In addition, good-quality evidence on several emerging indications (e.g., treatment of gastric outlet obstruction, local ablation of pancreatic solid lesions, etc.) is promising. Specific emphasis will be given to how these technical innovations have changed management paradigms and algorithms and expanded the possibilities of gastroenterologists to provide therapeutic solutions to old and emerging clinical needs. Therapeutic EUS is cementing its role in everyday practice, radically changing the treatment of different HPB diseases and other conditions (e.g., GI obstruction). The development of dedicated accessories and increased training opportunities will expand the ability of gastroenterologists to deliver highly effective yet minimally invasive therapies, potentially translating into a better quality of life, especially for oncological and fragile patients.
THE BUILDING OF A NEW LANGUAGE LEARNING MODEL BASED ON THE CHOMSKYAN CONCEPT
Authors: Boughoulid Mustapha 
Published: September 2022

<p>In the light of the wide spread variety of teaching and learning methods and approaches, the building of a new Language Learning Model rises as a serious contribution that aims to surmount the problem of learning acquisition among language learners. Hence, this study comes into existence to investigate some time in such a way as to come up with some solutions on the basis of the surveyed literature in this field, especially on the basis of the Chomskyan concept of learning. By a Language Learning Model, we mean a model of learning which is based on four meaningful and required dimensions. The first one is the cross-linguistic applicability of the model to all the existing natural languages. The second one is the covering of all the cognitive and non-cognitive factors. The third one is the contextualisation of the learning factors. The fourth one is related to the process of learning and how it should take into account the three learning components, input and its richness, the students’ building competency, and communicative acts that lead to the students’ performance, in accordance with four evaluative value, quantity, quality, manner, and relation. The new conceptualized Language Learning Model is a model that helps in the activation of the learners’ expressivity in terms of creativity, adaptation, and engagement in the learning process through meaningful and comprehensible activities. A learning device that is comprehensive and instructional and that allows the learners to engage in a continuous dialogic context that enables them to learn a language by resolving the conflict between their expressivity and the limitations super-imposed by their brain.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0558/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS ON TEACHING ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THOAI SON DISTRICT, AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Huy Diep Quoc , Lan Mai Thi Yen 
Published: September 2022

Within the scope of the research, the writers aimed to examine the current state of managing teaching activities in primary schools in Thoai Son District, An Giang Province. The paper looked at how administrators and teachers perceived teaching management, preparations of teaching activities for primary students, updates for those activities, methods for putting those plans into practice, and the orientation of those actions. The findings of the study serve as the basis for the following suggestions to boost the efficiency of teaching management in primary schools in the Thoai Son District of An Giang Province, Vietnam.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0554/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Seletividade de herbicidas na cultura do sorgo forrageiro
Authors: Pimentel Guilherme Vieira , Moraes Luciana Correa , Moreira Silvino Guimarães , Moreira Natália Maria Fernandes , De Freitas Maiza Gabriella  Mendonça Souto 
Published: September 2022

A disponibilidade de herbicidas registrados para o sorgo ainda é limitada para o controle de gramíneas. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência, na cultura do sorgo forrageiro. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, ambos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com quatro repetições. O primeiro experimento, safra 2016/2017, constituiu dos híbridos BRS 658 e BRS 655. Os tratamentos de controle de plantas daninhas utilizados foram: capina manual; S-metolachlor (1440 g i.a. ha-1); S-metolachlor (1440 g i.a. ha-1) + atrazina (2000 g i.a. ha-1); atrazina (2000 g i.a. ha-1); atrazina (3000 g i.a. ha-1); atrazina (2000 g i.a. ha-1) + óleo mineral (0,25%) e atrazina (2000 g i.a. ha-1) + óleo mineral (0,5%). O segundo experimento ocorreu durante a safra 2018/2019, no qual o primeiro fator correspondeu aos quatro híbridos de sorgo forrageiro (MSE 321, BRS 658, BRS 659, VOLUMAX) e o segundo fator correspondeu aos herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, sendo os quatro tratamentos: testemunha (capina); mesotriona + atrazina + 0,2% óleo (24g + 2000 g i.a. ha-1); atrazina + 0,2% óleo (2000 g i.a. ha-1); e bentazona + 0,2% óleo (720 g i.a. ha-1). Os caracteres avaliados foram: fitotoxicidade, altura de plantas aos 28 DAA (dias após a aplicação) e altura final, estande final e produtividade de matéria seca. A atrazina aplicado em pós-emergência na dose de 2000 g i.a. ha-1 é seletiva às cultivares de sorgo. A utilização de mesotrione + atrazina + óleo não é seletiva para o sorgo forrageiro.
‘It can facilitate so much!’ Student writers’ practice of self-efficacy to develop their use of formulaic phrases
Authors: Davis Mary , Morley John 
Published: September 2022

This study is about student writers’ development of their own approaches to using formulaic phrases from a compendium (Academic Phrasebank). While the essential role of formulaic phrases in academic texts has been well-established in research, teaching about the effective use of these phrases is not widely available, and little attention has been paid to how students learn to employ formulaic phrases in their own writing. Therefore, this research aims to explore this gap in understanding how student writers develop individual approaches to using formulaic phrases through the lens of self-efficacy.
Twelve self-selected student writer participants at undergraduate, Master’s and PhD levels were interviewed and asked about how they used formulaic phrases from the resource. Three key findings emerged from the data: firstly, that the resource may support inclusion as an empowering tool to enable student writers to participate confidently in academia; secondly, that students could employ the resource flexibly at different stages of the writing process depending on their individual approach to text construction; thirdly, that it could offer particular support with writing to students who have a specific learning difficulty (SpLD).
This paper contributes to understanding these individual student learning processes in the use of formulaic phrases for writing through self-efficacy. The implication for learning development is that making more guidance about formulaic phrases widely available and accessible would be beneficial to students’ writing processes.
DAKWAH DIGITAL DALAM PERSFEKTIF MAD’U (AUDIENS)
Authors: Kamil Badrudin 
Published: September 2022

Dakwah merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh setiap pemuka agama Islam dalam menyampaikan syariat Islam yang terkandung baik dalam al-Qur’an maupun Sunnah Nabi Muhammad saw. Dalam menenyampaikan wahyu ini biasanya tidak sembanrang orang yang menyamaikannya perlu keahlian dan keterampilan dalam menyampaikannya terlebih memerlukan pemahaman agama yang mendalam dalam setiap isi pesannya. Adanya peran media masa mempermudah penyampaian pesan yang dahulu secara lisan kelisan menjadi tidak terbatas jarak dan waktu. Media baru tidak hanya dilakukan untuk hal-hal yang negatif saja. Media baru bisa juga berperan sebagai media yang positif terutama dalam menyebarkan kebaikan melalui dakwah. Media yang sering digunakan di zaman modern ini adalah media sosial. Media sosial merupakan media komunikasi yang hampir semua masyarakat dunia gunakan. Media baru yang digunakan untuk berdakwah ini juga berfungsi sebagai ruang publik. Informasi yang mengandung nilai agama Islam yang dibuat oleh para da’i ini dapat ditanggapi langsung oleh para mad’u, sehingga ruang publik dapat tercipta di media baru tersebut.
Media sosial yang termasuk sebagai media baru ini memberikan dampak positif dalam menyebarkan kebaikan. Dakwah yang menggunakan media baru ini memiliki peran yang cukup signifikan dalam meningkatkan motivasi mad’u. Kreativitas da’i menggunakan media baru ini menarik minat para mad’u agar mau menerapkan nilai Islam dalam kehidupannya
Russian Private Military and Ukraine: Hybrid Surrogate Warfare and Russian State Policy by Other Means
Authors: Foley Emmet , Kaunert Christian 
Published: September 2022

This article investigates the Russian government’s reliance on commercial soldiers in the hybrid war efforts against Ukraine until the invasion in February 2022. Russian private military companies (PMCs), such as RUSCORP and the Wagner group, have already been active in Syria and Africa over the last years, signalling the resurgence of Russian machinations on the world stage. They also played a key part in the annexation of Crimea in 2014, as well as the struggles on Ukraine’s Eastern border areas around Luhansk and Donbas. The article shows that PMCs have become an integral part of the Kremlin’s approach to foreign policy. Unlike Western PMCs, which can arguably augment their ability to provide effective public security, Russian PMCs are used to construct insecurities to the point of fighting hybrid surrogate wars. While they fulfil the same outcome for the Russian state to be strengthened through the public-private security arrangements, their function is radically different: (1) providing deniability without the deployment of Russian troops, (2) providing military ambiguity and (3) thus, furthering the Kremlin’s foreign policy objectives. The significance of the deployment of these PMCs is that they are an extension of the Russian security apparatus, closely linked to the FSB, GRU and SVR, and with similar command and control structures, staffed by former members of the Russian security services.
Experimental eradication of heavy metal ions via bacteriocin TXJ for Lactobacillus salivarius strain from greek yogurt
Authors: Albanna Ayman , Alameen Farah J. A. , Alomari Arqam 
Published: September 2022

Pollution in general is constantly increasing being polluted by environmental pollution with heavy metals that may be located in air, soil, water, or even food. In spite of being bacteria in general are harmful to humans, they are sometimes considered very valuable and safety, especially in biological treatment like probiotic bacteria group. Lactobacillus salivarius one of the maximum essential sorts of microorganism which are harmless to human and that may be play very capability position to cast off and removal heavy metals in different media. The main object in this study is extract bacteriocin TXJ for Lactobacillus salivarius isolated from Greek yogurt, which performs very important function by experimentally in biological reaction to the different heavy metal ions and reduce their concentrations and hopefully to using in the near future for treatment and reduce the pollution in the environment. This project there were used three various concentrations 20, 40, 60 PPM for five main heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn), which were added to extracted bacteriocin. Atomic absorption technique was used for determine the levels of heavy metal. Furthermore, the experiment was recorded based on the comparison for before and after adding bacteriocin protein at the lab.
Study some parameters in women underwent in-vitro fertilization with spinal anesthesia compared with general anesthesia
Authors: Tawfeeq Farah Majed Mohammed , Jwad Mufeda Ali , Reshan Raed Ghazi 
Published: September 2022

Background: Women who have transvaginal oocyte retrieval feel nervous and have mild to moderate pain because a needle is used to poke holes in the vaginal skin and ovarian capsule to get the oocytes. Often, people have to try many times before they succeed Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to demonstrate which is the better technique to get best oocytes quality and ICSI outcome with higher pregnancy rate by comparing two groups of infertile women during oocytes retrieval, One group under general anesthesia and the other group under spinal anesthesia Patients and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies/ Al-Nahrain University, from first April 2021 to the first of February 2022. Patients during their IVF course randomized blindly at time of oocyte retrieval, two types of anesthesia given to two groups: (50 women subjected to spinal anesthesia and 50 women subjected to general anesthesia). All couples subjected to a full history taking, complete general examination, complete gynecological examination and infertility workup including: husband’s seminal fluid analysis, basal hormonal analysis, uterine cavity assessment by ultrasound and tubal patency evaluation by hystrosalpingogram.