bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous Video Monitoring
Authors: Abbe JacQualine Renee , O'Keeffe Christian 
Published: January 2022

Background:
A large academic medical center in the Pacific Northwest successfully introduced continuous video monitoring (CVM) as an adjunct measure to replace sitter use when appropriate. Adoption of the technology was influenced by nurse enculturation, standard work, data tracking management, and patient/family engagement. The purpose of this article is to identify critical data metrics to inform expansion of CVM programs when determining readiness for growth.

Problem:
There is a lack of literature to advise organizations on needed data and metrics to inform growth readiness of CVM programs. Specific indicators can support initiatives to achieve financial support for program expansion.

Approach:
CVM readiness for expansion is evident when metrics such as utilization rates, wait-list expansion, frontline staff perception, and sitter patient population outgrow current camera capacity.

Conclusion:
Successful metric analysis can inform initiatives to grow CVM programs, which, in turn, support a culture of safety at large academic medical centers for at-risk populations.
Efficacy and Safety of Viable Selective Germline Genome Edited Pigs Skin Xenotransplants in Patients with Thermal Burns
Authors: Zou Lijin , Zhang Youlai , He Ying , Yu Hui , Yang Fan , Huang Jian , Li Fangjuan , Sheng Qianglong , Zhang Yeming , Li Yajun , Chen Fei , Zhou Guangqian , Zou Xuenong , Wang Qingqing , Zhou Hong-ye , Hu Ningyan , Zeng Yuanlin , Wei Hong-jiang , Yu Yin , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRapid closure of open wound, either temporarily or perpetually, is recognized as the standard of care in patients with thermal burns. Human cadaveric allograft and simple genetically modified porcine xenografts are not able to provide enough durable time for extensively burned patients. A selective germline genome edited pig (SGGEP) skin xenograft, Xeno X skin, would be a valuable candidate to the clinical options.MethodsIn an ongoing investigator-initiated clinical trial in patients with thermal burns, the efficacy and safety of cryopreserved Xeno X skin grafts of SGGEP for burned patients were evaluated. Each patient received surgical grafting with a skin xenotransplant and wild type pig extracellular matrix (wpECM) in a side-by-side manner for in-situ comparison.The primary outcome measures of xeno-skin grafts included Xeno X skin safety and tolerability, as well as the quality and duration of temporary barrier function yielded by Xeno X skin grafts (as determined by Baux score). Seven parameters included in the analysis were vascularization, pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, surface area and the overall opinion, with each calculated on an independent 0-10 scale.ResultsA total of 16 burned patients completed the trial. All the patients tolerated Xeno X skin grafts well and no advent events were observed. In all cases, Xeno X skin grafts were vascularized and fully adherent, they also exhibited better overall outcomes than those of wpECM. Xeno X skin grafts survived for at least 25 days without a need of any immunosuppressive drug, well consistent with our earlier preclinical studies in non-human primates.ConclusionXeno X skin grafts of SGGEP did not incur any signs of local and systemic safety issues, and in the meanwhile provided a high quality and long duration of temporary barrier function for burned patients. This is a major milestone in the xenotransplant field, indicating that genome-edited organ xenotransplant has become a clinical reality.
Assessing the relationship between measures of healthcare access and functional limitations among individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Adeyemi O J , Arif A A , Paul R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesFunctional limitation from COPD manifests more from physical rather than respiratory impairment. To what extent health access affects the functional limitation among individuals with COPD is yet to be known. This study aims to assess the relationship between healthcare access and functional limitations among individuals with COPD.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a cross-sectional population-based surveyMethodsThis study pooled 11-year (2008 - 2018) data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - National Health Interview Survey (IPUMS-NHIS). We restricted the data to respondents with self-reported COPD, aged 40 years and older. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. The exploratory variables were measures of healthcare access – healthcare coverage, delayed appointment, affordable care, and a usual place for care. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of functional limitations.ResultsThe age, race, educational attainment, marital status, smoking status, and poverty-income ratio had a significant association with functional limitation (p<0.001) We found statistically significant associations between functional limitation and healthcare coverage, delayed appointment, affordable care, and a usual place for care. Poverty modified the relationship between functional limitations and the four measures of healthcare access, with the odds of functional limitation increased among the poor with no healthcare coverage, delayed appointment, unaffordable care, and no usual place for care.ConclusionsA strong relationship exists between the quartet of healthcare coverage, delayed appointment, affordable care, and usual place for care and self-reported functional limitation among individuals with COPD. Poverty was an effect modifier, with the odds of functional limitation worse among the poor.
An integrated genome and phenome-wide association study approach to understanding Alzheimer’s disease predisposition
Authors: Khaire Archita S. , Wimberly Courtney E. , Semmes Eleanor C. , Hurst Jillian H. , Walsh Kyle M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common, heritable alleles that increase late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) risk. We recently published an analytic approach to integrate GWAS and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) data, enabling identification of candidate traits and trait-associated variants impacting disease risk, and apply it here to LOAD.MethodsPheWAS was performed for 23 known LOAD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 4:1 matched control SNPs using UK Biobank data. Traits enriched for association with LOAD SNPs were ascertained and used to identify trait-associated candidate SNPs to be tested for association with LOAD risk (17,008 cases; 37,154 controls).ResultsLOAD-associated SNPs were significantly enriched for associations with 6/778 queried traits, including three platelet traits. The strongest enrichment was for platelet distribution width (PDW) (P=1.2×10−5), but no consistent direction of effect was observed between increased PDW and LOAD susceptibility across variants or in Mendelian randomization analysis. Of 384 PDW-associated SNPs identified by prior GWAS, 36 were nominally associated with LOAD risk and 5 survived false-discovery rate correction for multiple testing. Associations confirmed known LOAD risk loci near PICALM, CD2AP, SPI1, and NDUFAF6, and identified a novel risk locus in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene.ConclusionsThrough integration of GWAS and PheWAS data, we identify substantial pleiotropy between genetic determinants of LOAD and of platelet morphology, and for the first time implicate EGFR – a mediator of β-amyloid toxicity – in Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility.
Infrequent intranasal oxytocin followed by positive social interaction improves symptoms in autistic children: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Le Jiao , Zhang Lan , Zhao Weihua , Zhu Siyu , Lan Chunmei , Kou Juan , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Yingying , Li Qin , Chen Zhuo , Fu Meina , Montag Christian , Zhang Rong , Yang Wenxu , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are currently no approved drug interventions for social behavior dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous trials investigating effects of daily intranasal oxytocin treatment have reported inconsistent results and have not combined it with positive social interaction. However, In two preclinical studies we established that treatment every-other-day rather than daily is more efficacious in maintaining neural and behavioral effects by reducing receptor desensitization. We aimed to establish whether a 6-week intranasal oxytocin compared with placebo treatment, followed by a period of positive social interaction, would produce reliable symptom improvements in children with ASD. A pilot double-blind, randomized, crossover design trial was completed including 41 children with ASD aged 3-8 years. Primary outcomes were the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) and social responsivity scale-2 (SRS-2). Secondary measures included cognitive, autism and caregiver-related questionnaires and social attention assessed using eye-tracking. Significant improvements were found for oxytocin relative to placebo in primary outcome measures (total ADOS-2 and SRS-2 scores, ps < 0.001) and in behavioral adaptability and repetitive behavior secondary measures. Altered SRS-2 scores were associated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Additionally, oxytocin significantly increased time spent viewing dynamic social compared to geometric stimuli and the eyes of angry, happy and neutral expression faces. There were no adverse side-effects of oxytocin treatment. Overall, results demonstrate that a 6-week intranasal oxytocin treatment administered every other day and followed by positive social interactions can improve clinical, eye-tracking and questionnaire-based assessments of symptoms in young autistic children.
Host kinase CSNK2 is a target for inhibition of pathogenic β-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yang Xuan , Dickmander Rebekah J. , Bayati Armin , Taft-Benz Sharon A. , Smith Jeffery L. , Wells Carrow I. , Madden Emily A. , Brown Jason W. , Lenarcic Erik M. , Yount Boyd L. , Chang Edcon , Axtman Alison D. , Baric Ralph S. , Heise Mark T. , McPherson Peter S. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Willson Timothy M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTInhibition of the protein kinase CSNK2 with any of 30 specific and selective inhibitors representing different chemotypes, blocked replication of pathogenic human and murine β-coronaviruses. The potency of in-cell CSNK2A target engagement across the set of inhibitors correlated with antiviral activity and genetic knockdown confirmed the essential role of the CSNK2 holoenzyme in β-coronavirus replication. Spike protein uptake was blocked by CSNK2A inhibition, indicating that antiviral activity was due in part to a suppression of viral entry. CSNK2A inhibition may be a viable target for development of new broad spectrum anti-β-coronavirus drugs.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Test to release from isolation after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Quilty Billy J. , Pulliam Juliet R. C. , Pearson Carl A. B. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe rapid spread and high transmissibility of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is likely to lead to a significant number of key workers testing positive simultaneously.Under a policy of self-isolation after testing positive, this may lead to extreme staffing shortfalls at the same time as e.g. hospital admissions are peaking.Using a model of individual infectiousness and testing with lateral flow tests (LFT), we evaluate test-to-release policies against conventional fixed-duration isolation policies in terms of excess days of infectiousness, days saved, and tests used.We find that the number of infectious days in the community can be reduced to almost zero by requiring at least 2 consecutive days of negative tests, regardless of the number of days’ wait until testing again after initially testing positive.On average, a policy of fewer days’ wait until initiating testing (e.g 3 or 5 days) results in more days saved vs. a 10-day isolation period, but also requires a greater number of tests.Due to a lack of specific data on viral load progression, infectivity, and likelihood of testing positive by LFT over the course of an Omicron infection, we assume the same parameters as for pre-Omicron variants and explore the impact of a possible shorter proliferation phase.
Dissociating encoding of memory and salience by manipulating long-term synaptic potentiation
Authors: Kaganovsky Konstantin , Plitt Mark H. , Yang Renzhi , Sando Richard , Giocomo Lisa M. , Ding Jun B. , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeural codes are thought to be reorganized during memory formation by long-term potentiation (LTP) of synapses. Here, using a novel approach for selectively blocking LTP, we found that eliminating LTP in hippocampal or striatal circuits only produces limited effects on learning and memory. To reconcile the discrepancy between the large physiological effect of blocking LTP and the absent effect on learning, we studied how LTP impacts neuronal computations in the hippocampus using in-vivo Ca2+-imaging. Contrary to current conceptual frameworks, we found that hippocampal CA1-region LTP is not required for accurate representations of space in hippocampal neurons, but rather endows these neurons with reward- and novelty-coding properties. Thus, instead of driving formation of cognitive maps and memory engrams, CA1-region LTP incorporates salience information into cognitive representations.One-Sentence SummaryA novel approach for studying long-term potentiation reveals its surprising and selective role in salience encoding
ZYG-9ch-TOGpromotes the stability of acentrosomal poles via regulation of spindle microtubules inC. elegansoocyte meiosis
Authors: Mullen Timothy J. , Cavin-Meza Gabriel , Wolff Ian D. , Czajkowski Emily R. , Divekar Nikita S. , Finkle Justin D. , Wignall Sarah M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTDuring mitosis, centrosomes serve as microtubule organizing centers that guide the formation of a bipolar spindle. However, oocytes of many species lack centrosomes; how meiotic spindles establish and maintain these acentrosomal poles remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the microtubule polymerase ZYG-9ch-TOGis required to maintain acentrosomal pole integrity inC. elegansoocyte meiosis; following acute depletion of ZYG-9 from pre-formed spindles, the poles split apart and an unstable multipolar structure forms. Depletion of TAC-1, a protein known to interact with ZYG-9 in mitosis, caused loss of proper ZYG-9 localization and similar spindle phenotypes, further demonstrating that ZYG-9 is required for pole integrity. However, depletion of ZYG-9 surprisingly did not affect the assembly or stability of monopolar spindles, suggesting that ZYG-9 is not required for acentrosomal pole structureper se. Moreover, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed that ZYG-9 turns over rapidly at acentrosomal poles, displaying similar turnover dynamics to tubulin itself, suggesting that ZYG-9 does not play a static structural role at poles. Together, these data support a global role for ZYG-9 in regulating the stability of bipolar spindles and demonstrate that the maintenance of acentrosomal poles requires factors beyond those acting to organize the pole structure itself.
Cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent versus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines for the Portuguese elderly population
Authors: Tavares Diana , Mouriño Helena , Rodríguez Cristina Antón , Saborido Carlos Martín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuadrivalent Inactivated Vaccine (QIV) is expected to replace Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine (TIV) over time. In Portugal, TIV is free of charge for risk groups, which include older adults. In its turn, QIV – which provides broader protection as it includes an additional lineage B strain – was introduced in Portugal in October 2018, but only from the influenza season 2019/20 was provided free of charge for the risk groups. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of switching from TIV to QIV from the National Health Service perspective in the Portuguese elderly mainland population (≥ 65 years old).MethodsA decision tree model was developed to compare TIV and QIV, based on Portuguese hospitalization data for the 2015/16 influenza season. The primary health economic outcome under consideration was the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). In addition, a one-Way Sensitivity Analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of model parameters on the ICER; Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis was also carried out to analyze the robustness of the base case results.ResultsThe high cost of QIV (approximately three times the cost of TIV) would lead to a total increment of 5,283,047 €, and the resulting ICER would be 26,403,007€/QALY, mainly above the usual willingness-to-pay threshold.ConclusionsFrom the National Health Service perspective, our findings reveal that QIV is not cost-effective for the Portuguese elderly population due to the high cost. If the QIV costs were the same as the TIV, then QIV would be cost-effective.
Siglec-5 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells
Authors: Vuchkovska Aleksandra , Glanville David G. , Scurti Gina M. , White Paula , Nishimura Michael I. , Ulijasz Andrew T. , Iwashima Makio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunoglobulin-type lectins that mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions via sialic acids attached to glycoproteins or glycolipids. Most of the CD33-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs), a major subfamily of rapidly evolving Siglecs, contain a cytoplasmic signaling domain consisting of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) and mediate suppressive signals for lymphoid and myeloid cells. While most CD33rSiglecs are expressed by innate immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, to date, the expression of Siglecs in human T cells has not been well appreciated. In this study, we found that Siglec-5, a member of the CD33rSiglecs, is expressed by most activated T cells upon antigen receptor stimulation. Functionally, Siglec-5 suppresses T cell activation. In support of these findings, we found that Siglec-5 overexpression abrogates antigen receptor induced activation of Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and Activator protein 1 (AP-1). Furthermore, we show that GBS β-protein, a known bacterial ligand of Siglec-5, reduces the production of cytokines and cytolytic molecules by activated primary T cells in a Siglec-5 dependent manner. Our data also show that some cancer cell lines express a putative Siglec-5 ligand(s), and that the presence of soluble Siglec-5 enhances tumor-cell specific T cell activation, suggesting that some tumor cells inhibit T cell activation via Siglec-5. Together, our data demonstrate that Siglec-5 is a previously unrecognized inhibitory T cell immune checkpoint molecule and suggests that blockade of Siglec-5 could serve as a new strategy to enhance anti-tumor T cell functions.One Sentence Summary:Siglec-5 is a novel checkpoint receptor expressed by activated human T cells that antagonizes TCR mediated activation and suppresses T cell effector functions such as cytokine production.
Generation of Vascularized Brain Organoids to Study Neurovascular Interactions
Authors: Sun Xin-Yao , Ju Xiang-Chun , Li Yang , Zeng Peng-Ming , Wu Jian , Shen Li-Bing , Chen Yue-Jun , Luo Zhen-Ge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recently developed brain organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of brain development and related diseases. However, the lack of vasculatures, which regulate neurogenesis, brain disorders, and aging process, limits the utility of brain organoids. In this study, we induced vessel and brain organoids respectively, and then fused two types of organoids together to obtain vascularized brain organoids. The fused brain organoids were engrafted with robust vascular network-like structures, and exhibited increased number of neural progenitors, in line with the possibility that vessels regulate neural development. Fusion organoids also contained functional blood-brain-barrier (BBB)-like structures, as well as microglial cells, a specific population of immune cells in the brain. The incorporated microglia responded actively to immune stimuli to the fused brain organoids. Thus, the fusion organoids established in this study allow modeling interactions between the neuronal and non-neuronal components in vitro, in particular the vasculature and microglia niche.
The entrepreneurial advantages of experiencing foreignness: leveraging shocks for capability clusters
Authors: Pidduck Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeDrawing on the “shocks to the system” concept in image theory, a mid-range theoretical model is developed to illuminate understanding on why cross-cultural experience is so conducive to stimulating entrepreneurship yet has remained largely unexplained at the individual level.Design/methodology/approachThe novel idea is put forth that experience of foreignness, in itself, can be harnessed as a powerful cognitive resource for entrepreneurship – particularly the nascent stages of new venture development. Providing cross-cultural exposures arouse “self-image shocks”, they manifest over time as skill clusters that reflect the sensing, seizing and transforming capabilities at the heart of entrepreneurship. This paper's pivot helps delineate a common mechanism to explain how a diverse range of seemingly disparate cross-cultural experiences can be processed in a way that enhances entrepreneurial pursuits.FindingsThe insights of this paper reinforce the need for educators and policymakers to encourage and provide opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs to engage in cross-cultural and overseas exposures as they are influential for stimulating each of the core sets of entrepreneurial capabilities. The model and synthesis table also help to practically unpack how to design and plan such cultural experiences to optimize the enduring entrepreneurial advantages.Originality/valueThe author turns a long-standing assumption surrounding cultural differences in entrepreneurship on its head. The shocks and tensions arising from intercultural interactions are not always inevitable liabilities to be “managed away” or attenuated. Rather, cross-cultural experience can be explicitly leveraged as an asset for nascent venturing as the juxtapositions they evoke provide both proximal and distal enhancements to ways in which entrepreneurs think and develop skills at the core of venturing.
Techniques to detect terrorists/extremists on the dark web: a review
Authors: Alghamdi Hanan , Selamat Ali 
Published: January 2022

PurposeWith the proliferation of terrorist/extremist websites on the World Wide Web, it has become progressively more crucial to detect and analyze the content on these websites. Accordingly, the volume of previous research focused on identifying the techniques and activities of terrorist/extremist groups, as revealed by their sites on the so-called dark web, has also grown.Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a review of the techniques used to detect and process the content of terrorist/extremist sites on the dark web. Forty of the most relevant data sources were examined, and various techniques were identified among them.FindingsBased on this review, it was found that methods of feature selection and feature extraction can be used as topic modeling with content analysis and text clustering.Originality/valueAt the end of the review, present the current state-of-the- art and certain open issues associated with Arabic dark Web content analysis.