bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital inclusion and participation of people with intellectual disabilities during COVID‐19: A rapid review and international bricolage
Authors: Chadwick Darren , Ågren Kristin Alfredsson , Caton Sue , Chiner Esther , Danker Joanne , Gómez‐Puerta Marcos , Heitplatz Vanessa , Johansson Stefan , Normand Claude L. , Murphy Esther , Plichta Piotr , Strnadová Iva , Wallén Eva Flygare 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has meant a rapid transfer of everyday activities to the online world. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become more embedded than ever in people's lives. This investigation addresses how this change has affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). A two‐step design was used. A rapid review was conducted on empirical studies published between January 2019 and June 2021. Search terms related to ID, ICT use and COVID‐19. A qualitative international bricolage was also conducted corresponding to author nationalities. Data gathered from the review and bricolage were analysed separately using thematic analysis and relationally synthesised. Digital solutions to provide access to COVID‐19 information and guidance seemed inadequate but were seldom empirically studied. Digital poverty, literacy and exclusion remain significant issues for people with ID internationally. People and their carers experienced reduced and removed service provision, loneliness and impoverished daily lives during the pandemic; amelioration of which was facilitated by digital solutions. One solution often used was videoconferencing. Prior experience of digital participation, adequate finances, connection, support and digital literacy mentoring for both people with ID and those providing services and support facilitated digital inclusion. Digital exclusion during COVID‐19 was exacerbated by sociopolitical, structural, individual and support‐related barriers. Although awareness of digital exclusion appears to have been raised, the extent to which this has led to action and change remains unclear. Despite digital exclusion and digital participation benefitting continuation of life, social and emotional well‐being and autonomy, COVID‐19 has not provided the impetus to eradicate digital poverty for people with ID. Governmental support, digital education, creativity and problem solving are required to enable people with ID the human right to be included in the digital world at this essential time and into the future.
Brain transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences associated with dispersal behaviour between range‐front and range‐core populations of invasive cane toads in Australia
Authors: Yagound Boris , West Andrea J. , Richardson Mark F. , Selechnik Daniel , Shine Richard , Rollins Lee A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms allowing invasive species to adapt to novel environments is a challenge in invasion biology. Many invaders demonstrate rapid evolution of behavioural traits involved in range expansion such as locomotor activity, exploration and risk‐taking. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these changes are poorly understood. In 86 years, invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia have drastically expanded their geographic range westward from coastal Queensland to Western Australia. During their range expansion, toads have undergone extensive phenotypic changes, particularly in behaviours that enhance the toads’ dispersal ability. Common‐garden experiments have shown that some changes in behavioural traits related to dispersal are heritable. At the molecular level, it is currently unknown whether these changes in dispersal‐related behaviour are underlain by small or large differences in gene expression, nor is known the biological function of genes showing differential expression. Here, we used RNA‐seq to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dispersal‐related behavioural changes. We compared the brain transcriptomes of toads from the Hawai'ian source population, as well as three distinct populations from across the Australian invasive range. We found markedly different gene expression profiles between the source population and Australian toads. By contrast, toads from across the Australian invasive range had very similar transcriptomic profiles. Yet, key genes with functions putatively related to dispersal behaviour showed differential expression between populations located at each end of the invasive range. These genes could play an important role in the behavioural changes characteristic of range expansion in Australian cane toads.
Multi‐trait genetic variation in resource‐use strategies and phenotypic plasticity correlates with local climate across the range of a Mediterranean oak (Quercus faginea)
Authors: Solé‐Medina Aida , Robledo‐Arnuncio Juan José , Ramírez‐Valiente José Alberto 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Resource‐use strategies are hypothesized to evolve along climatic gradients. However, our understanding of the environmental factors driving divergent evolution of resource‐use strategies and the relationship between trait genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity is far from complete. Using the Mediterranean tree Quercus faginea as study system, we tested the hypothesis that a conservative resource‐use strategy with increased drought tolerance and reduced phenotypic plasticity has evolved in areas with longer and more severe dry seasons.

We conducted a glasshouse experiment in which we measured leaf morphological, physiological, growth and allocation traits in seedlings from 10 range‐wide climatically contrasting populations, grown under two different watering treatments.

Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a genetic gradient of resource‐use strategies and phenotypic plasticity associated with provenance climate. In particular, populations from harsher (drier and colder) environments had more sclerophyllous leaves, lower growth rates, better physiological performance under dry conditions and reduced multi‐trait phenotypic plasticity compared to populations from more mesic and milder environments.

Our results suggest that contrasting precipitation and temperature regimes play an important role in the adaptive intraspecific evolution of multivariate phenotypes and their plasticity, resulting in coordinated morphology, physiology, growth and allometry according to alternative resource‐use strategies.
Mathematical modeling on conservation of depleted forestry resources
Authors: Goshu Masitawal Demsie , Endalew Mehari Fentahun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a nonlinear mathematical model is constructed to investigate the conservation of depleted forest resources due to the increase of population and associated pressures. Fundamental equations governing the dynamics of the system are defined by the set of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically. The model is analyzed by using the nature of stability analysis theory of dynamical system. The numerical solutions and simulations of the system are carried out using ODE45 subroutine of MATLAB. Presentations of results are revealed using graphs and interpreted biologically. It is noted that the increase of population density and associated pressures causes the depletion of forestry resources. However, forest resources can be conserved by controlling man made fire, toxicant activities, applying economical incentives and technological efforts.Recommendations for Resource managersThe forest resources are natural resources that can be used for ecosystem balancing mechanism in nature. However, forest resources are depleted as a result of augmented population and associated pressures. Therefore,

When population and associated pressures increase, the depletion of forestry resources increases.
As conservation efforts applied, the density of forestry resources increases.
Genome wide simple sequence repeats development and their application in genetic diversity analysis in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida)
Authors: Hu Qianmei , Wang Haiping , Jiang Biao , Zhu Huayu , He Xiaoming , Song Pengyao , Song Jiangping , Yang Sen , Shen Junjun , Li Zheng , Hu Jianbin , Sun Shouru , Yang Luming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWax gourd is one of the most important winter vegetables of the Cucurbitaceae family. There are only limited markers available for this crop and the draft genome of wax gourd provides a powerful tool for simple sequence repeats (SSR) marker development. In this study, we developed genome‐wide SSR markers from wax gourd genome and characterized their distribution and frequency of different motifs and repeats. A total of 52,431 microsatellites from wax gourd genome were identified, of which 39,319 SSR markers were developed. The 1152 non‐wax gourd SSR markers were selected from cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumpkin to test their transferability in wax gourd. The 580 SSR markers could be transferable in wax gourd, and 42 of them were detected with polymorphic in 11 tested accessions of wax gourd. In addition, 11 good polymorphic transferrable SSR markers and 21 SSR markers of wax gourd were selected to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 129 wax gourd accessions. One hundred twelve alleles were detected by these 32 SSR markers. The result of population structure showed that the 129 wax gourd accessions were divided into two main populations, and the genetic diversity analysis separated them into two clusters. The large number of wax gourd SSR markers developed in this study provides a valuable resource for genetic linkage map construction, molecular mapping, and marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in wax gourd.
The Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for preschoolers within a Malaysian context
Authors: Jayanath Subhashini , Hamzah Norhamizan , Ahmad Fauzi Aishah , Ahmad Adlan Aida Syarinaz , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Zainal Azlin Zaiti , Mohri Ikuko , Tachibana Masaya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood sleep practices impact growth, development, and long‐term health. There is a paucity of sleep data pertaining to preschool children in Asia, especially South‐East Asia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved parents of well siblings, aged 2–6 years. It aimed to: (i) test the reliability of the English version of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ‐P), and (ii) obtain the prevalence, as well as describe, sleep‐related issues. Ninety‐one (91) parents (74.7%; mothers) self‐administered the questionnaire in the pediatric clinic waiting area of a Malaysian tertiary hospital. Recruitment was from August to November 2020.ResultsThe English version of the JSQ‐P has good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.85). Range of Cronbach alpha values for each item: 0.36–0.87. Many (77%) children slept at 10:00 p.m. or later, similar to parents' late bedtimes. One‐third had difficulty waking up in the morning. There were significant strong positive correlations between some features of restless leg syndrome, daytime tiredness, morning symptoms, and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms. Co‐sleeping was prevalent (97.9%). Mean screen time for those who had set time limits was 2.35 ± 1.68 h.ConclusionsThe English‐language translation of the JSQ‐P is a questionnaire with good internal consistency that can be used in non‐Japanese speaking countries. Parents need to be educated on healthy sleep and screen time practices to optimize children's sleep quality and quantity.
Studies on seed transmission of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” in pepper and its impact on plant emergence
Authors: Workneh Fekede , Paetzold Li , Rush Charles M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract“Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso), transmitted by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), is the causal agent of potato zebra chip, but can also infect other solanaceous plants, including peppers. Studies were conducted to investigate whether Lso could be transmitted to the next generation of plants through seeds from infected pepper plants. In 2014, jalapeno pepper plants were infested with psyllids carrying a mixture of Lso A and B (AB) at the AgriLife Research Station at Bushland. The study was again conducted in 2019 and pepper plants were infested with psyllids carrying Lso B or Lso AB. In each of the studies, noninfested plants served as controls. At harvest, fruits were collected and tested for the presence of Lso using quantitative PCR. Seeds from infected fruits were then tested for Lso. Overall, the percentage of seeds that tested positive for Lso ranged from 33% to 70%. However, Lso detection in embryos ranged only from 0% to 8%. Seed samples from Lso‐positive fruits were planted in the greenhouse to determine the impact of Lso on emergence and the incidence of Lso in emerged plants. Although plant emergence differed between some of the seeds obtained from Lso‐positive and ‐negative fruits, the overall impact of Lso on plant emergence was not consistent. However, of the 182 plants that emerged from seeds collected from infected fruits, none was positive for Lso, suggesting that seeds are unlikely to serve as sources for new Lso infections and their impact on disease epidemiology is negligible.
Deprovincialization: Its Importance for Plural Societies
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Voci Alberto , Pettigrew Thomas F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeprovincialization is a set of attitudes characterized by two sides: a nuanced and fresh perspective on the in‐group culture and an open and accepting attitude toward other groups. After reviewing early research and indirect tests of the construct, we focused our attention on research investigating these two sides of deprovincialization. Studies conducted in various countries demonstrate that deprovincialization as in‐group cultural nuance is a strong and reliable correlate of reduced prejudice and improved intergroup relations; moreover, it is distinct from both national identification and cultural relativism. Studies conducted in Italy show that deprovincialization as openness toward other groups is related to positive intergroup contact and intergroup harmony and has longitudinal negative effects on prejudice. Importantly, in both lines of research the beneficial role of deprovincialization goes beyond the effects of constructs such as social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism, nationalism, and demographic variables. We conclude by proposing suggestions for future research and highlighting relevant issues to be considered in policy development and implementation.
Fatal allograft mucormycosis complicating severe COVID‐19 infection and bacterial pyelonephritis
Authors: Chandra Abhilash , Rao S. Namrata , Malhotra Kiran Preet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe herein present a case of live related kidney transplant recipient who initially developed severe coronavirus (COVID‐19) disease associated with E.coli related pyelonephritis and graft dysfunction, who improved over one week only to deteriorate in the second week, with fever, oligoanuria and refractory shock. A postmortem allograft biopsy revealed angioinvasive mucormycosis. With the resurgence of mucormycosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the transplant team should add allograft mucormycosis as a rare differential for severe graft dysfunction and oligoanuria in the COVID‐19‐infected kidney transplant recipient.
Porosity Inspection in Metal Directed Energy Deposition Using Femtosecond Laser Based Transient Thermoreflectance Measurement
Authors: Liu Peipei , Yi Kiyoon , Sohn Hoon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In metal directed energy deposition (DED), defects such as porosity, lack-of-fusion and cracking often occur during its material melting-solidification process. In this research, a femtosecond laser based transient thermoreflectance (TTR) technique was developed for porosity inspection in metal DED. The major contributions of the proposed technique include the following: (1) A femtosecond laser based TTR measurement system is developed for fully noncontact measurement of thermoreflectance from a newly deposited layer in DED. (2) Porosity is inspected by comparing the thermoreflectance measured at different thermal diffusion length. (3) Due to the noncontact nature and scanning capability, the proposed porosity inspection technique can be readily applied to online porosity monitoring during the DED process. It is inferred that, together with instantaneous correction actions, enhanced quality of the manufactured objects can be achieved. In this paper, offline validation tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V samples manufactured with different DED printing parameters.
Fatigue Detection and Estimation in Martensitic Stainless-Steel Using Magnetic Nondestructive Evaluation Technique
Authors: Shenoy Bharath Basti , Li Zi , Udpa Lalita , Udpa Satish , Deng Yiming , Seuaciuc-Osorio Thiago 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stainless steel is used in many applications because of its excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Material fatigue is a major problem in steel structures and can cause catastrophic damage resulting in significant economic consequences. Conventional nondestructive evaluation techniques can detect macro defects, but do not perform well when it comes to material degradation due to fatigue, which happens at a microstructure level. It is well known that stress applied on a material will have an impact on the microstructure and produces a change in the magnetic properties of the material. Hence magnetic nondestructive evaluation techniques that are sensitive to changes in magnetic properties play a major role in the early-stage fatigue detection, i.e., before the macro crack initiates. This paper introduces the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise technique to garner information about fatigue state of the material under test. Experimental results prove that the sample categories, based on the percentage of remaining fatigue life, can be differentiated using this technique with a system performance slightly over 80%.
Coplanar Capacitive Sensing as a New Electromagnetic Technique for Non-Destructive Evaluation
Authors: Abdollahi-Mamoudan Farima , Savard Sebastien , Ibarra-Castanedo Clemente , Filleter Tobin , Maldague Xavier 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coplanar capacitive technique is a relatively novel electro-magnetic Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method that could be applied to the evaluation of materials by moving a set of electrodes on the surface of the specimen. In addition to the design-related parameters such as electrode shape, size, and the separation distance between the main electrodes, the material of the specimen affects the coplanar capacitive probe performance. In this paper, a 3D Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was employed to assess and identify the electric field behaviour as a function of material under test for non-conducting and conducting specimens with/without defect. Physical experiments were carried out by a pair of rectangular coplanar electrodes on an aluminium specimen with surface defects covered by a 5 mm thick plexiglass insulation layer to verify the simulation results and evaluate the performance of the probe. A good qualitative agreement was observed between the numerical simulations and experimental results.
Non-Destructive Tests for the Assessment of R.C. Buildings
Authors: Diaferio Mariella , Vitti Michele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the recent decades, the use of non-destructive tests has reached greater attention due to its high versatility and the possibility of extending the investigations on a great number of points. On the other side, the existence of a wide building stock realized in reinforced concrete, which is reaching the end of its service life, has increased the research on the assessment of their safety level.
In this field, one of the most important parameters for r.c. structure is the concrete compressive strength, which “classically” is evaluated by means of compression tests on drilled cores. However, usually the extension of such procedure to a high number of points is quite difficult due to logistic and economic reasons. The use of non-destructive tests may overcome these limits, but still needs further investigations to improve the calibration process of the relationship between the acquired data and the compressive strength. The present paper deals with this issue and discusses the results of the investigations on r.c. buildings in Bari (Italy) which make use of both destructive and non-destructive tests. The data are analyzed by considering several test scenarios and by evaluating the variability of parameters related to the calibration process.
Robust Guided Wave Tomography Method for Large and Irregular Defects
Authors: Tong Junkai , Lin Min , Wang Xiaocen , Ren Jiahao , Li Jian , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Finding a fast, robust way to quantitatively measuring the remaining wall thickness of complex structures when multiple defects exist is one of the leading challenges in Nondestructive Testing (NDT). Traditional inversion algorithms like ray tomography and full waveform inversion (FWI) suffered from problems like convergence, limited resolution and slow speed. Diffraction tomography (DT) has speed advantage over the preceding methods and its resolution can be further amplified by integrating with other methods like bent-ray tomography and iteration. However, DT can only detect shallow and small defects. Compared with those methods, convolutional neural network (CNN) opens a new way for quantitative defect imaging, as with pre-trained data it can achieve significant speed and resolution than the traditional methods. In this paper, we investigated the performance of CNN in imaging multiple defects and the inversion results show that when dealing with multiple defects with complex shape on a plate-like structure, CNN can achieve better resolution than other methods with maximum errors below 0.54mm in most regions. This research provides the experimental guidance for future study in finding the possible ways to improve the resolution of the algorithms.
Estimating Guided Wave Velocity Variation With Neural Networks
Authors: Leibovici Ori , Yang Kang , Harley Joel B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
While guided wave structural health monitoring (SHM) is widely researched for ensuring safety, estimating performance deterioration, and detecting damage in structures, it experiences setbacks in accuracy due to varying environmental, sensor, and material factors. To combat these challenges, environmentally variable guided wave data is often stretched with temperature compensation methods, such as the scale transform and optimal signal stretch, to match a baseline signal and enable accurate damage detection. Yet, these methods fail for large environmental changes. This paper addresses this challenge by demonstrating a machine learning method to predict stretch factors. This is accomplished with feed-forward neural networks that approximate the complex velocity change function. We demonstrate that our machine learning approach outperforms the prior art on simulated Lamb wave data and is robust with extreme velocity variations. While our machine learning models do not conduct temperature compensation, their accurate stretch factor predictions serve as a proof of concept that a better model is plausible.