bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sign Languages in Audiovisual Media
Authors: Tamayo Ana 
Published: May 2022

Sign language (SL), sign language interpreting (SLI) and sign language translation (SLT) have often been overlooked in both theoretical and more practical approaches within Audiovisual Translation (AVT) studies. This is a theoretical contribution that aims at presenting a taxonomy for the classification of SL, SLI and SLT that might serve to encourage and develop descriptive accounts in the field. This objective is achieved through a review of previous literature on sign language, media accessibility and descriptive AVT studies. To this end, a brief introduction to how SLT and SLI are conducted in the area of audiovisual (AV) content will be presented. A short discussion from an AVT perspective on source languages (L1s), target languages (L2s) and third languages (L3s) will follow, including observations on the role of SLs in AV production, the stages at which SLs are implemented, and the possible translation modes for these languages. Reflections here will lead to the proposal of the first ever taxonomy for the analysis of those AVT modes which include the presence of SLs in AV content. Finally, conclusions will focus on the importance of fostering methodologically strong descriptive studies on SL translation and interpreting from an AVT perspective.

Lay summary
Audiovisual Translation Studies and Sign Language Studies have been ever-growing research fields since the 1060’s and 70’s, but Audiovisual Translation Studies have systematically ignored Sign language, sign language interpreting and sign language translation. This article is hopes to contribute with a solid theoretical and methodological approach to Audiovisual Translation Studies to include the study of sign language in audiovisual content. Firstly, a review on previous literature on the related fields of study is conducted. Secondly, an introduction on how sign language translation and interpreting can be seen in TV and in other media is presented. Thirdly, a discussion from the Audiovisual Translation point of view on languages involved in audiovisual production is offered. All this leads to a classification for the analysis of sign language in the media that might serve to encourage descriptive studies. Finally, conclusions focus on the importance of more studies on how sign languages and their translation and interpreting is carried out in the media.
Growth Response of Acer saccharinum to Flurprimidol Injection
Authors: Luken James O. , Blanchard Roger D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCutless (flurprimidol) was injected in the trunks of nine silver maple trees during fall 1989. Eight trees of similar size and condition were not injected but served as controls. During the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons, significant reductions in leaf mass, current-year stem mass, and current-year stem length in both upper and lower canopy branches occurred with Cutless injection. The longest shoots on injected trees showed 72 - 88% reduction in mean length when compared to control trees. A random sample of shoots (30 per branch) from injected trees also showed 80 - 82% reduction in mean length. Injected trees had variable response and gaunt appearance.
Comparing Root Balls on Laurel Oak Transplanted from the Wild with Those of Nursery and Container Grown Trees
Authors: Gilman Edward R. , Beeson Richard C. , Black Robert J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLaurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) was transplanted from 3.8 liter containers into a field nursery or into fabric containers and grown for 2 years. Root balls were then compared. Also compared were oaks collected with a tree spade from the wild. The root system on wild trees was dominated by a single tap root with a few lateral roots growing from the tap root and from the base of the trunk. The nursery trees did not have a single prominent tap root, but several large roots that grew straight or at a slight angle down beneath the trunk. In most cases, these vertically oriented roots originated from roots that had circled the bottom of the container prior to planting. There was no difference in weight of roots less than 5 mm diameter between field- and fabric container-grown trees, and root number and cross-sectional area were comparable among wild, field grown and fabric container-grown trees with the exception that wild trees had fewer roots and less cross-sectional area than did nursery-grown trees in the >5-10 mm root diameter class. Root:shoot ratio was similar for trees in all treatments.
Propiconazole as a Treatment for Oak Wilt in Quercus rubra and Q. ellipsoidalis
Authors: Osterbauer N.K. , French D.W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Minnesota, propiconazole was injected into matureQuercus rubraandQ. ellipsoidalis at Mghrisk to natural infection withCeratocystis fagacearum, the oak wilt fungus. The trees were treated preventively in 1989 and 1990 at a constant rate of 0.168 g a.i./cm dbh using a root flare injection technique. Control trees were left untreated. Since 1989,15 of 49 trees treated in 1989 have wilted in comparison to 18 of 50 control trees. Nine of 88 treated trees in 1990 have wilted since 1990, whereas 42 of 80 control trees have wilted. Propiconazole was effective in 1990 as a preventive treatment for oak wilt inQ. rubraand Q.ellipsoidalis. Propiconazole was detected in the vascular tissue of a treated tree 12 months after injection using a thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay procedure; propiconazole was not detected 20 months after injection. Results from the assay procedure imply treatment with the fungicide would be required approximately once every 2 years.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Bantuan Khusus Siswa Miskin (BKSM) Menggunakan Metode Analytical HierarchyProcess
Authors: Arif Sujatmika  
Published: May 2022

Salah satu sarana penunjang pendidikan adalah beasiswa. Dengan adanya beasiswa,Diharapkan dapat membantu meringankan beban orang tua dalam pembiayaan sekolah khususnya yang kurang mampu. Pemanfaatan dana Bantuan Khusus Siswa Miskin (BKSM) secara efektif akan mampu meringankan biaya pendidikan bagi siswa yang berasal dari keluarga kurang atau tidak mampu, sehingga mereka bisa diberikan termotivasi dalam belajar dan pada akhirnya adalah tercapainya prestasi belajar yang diharapkan. SMK Roudlotun Nasyiin Mojokerto termasuk salah satu sekolah yang sudah memanfaatkan komputer untuk penyelesaian berbagai macam tugas, akan tetapi pemanfaatannya terbilang belum maksimal. Bagian Tenaga Administrasi Sekolah (TAS) masih menggunakan metode manual, yaitu pada seleksi bantuan khusus siswa miskin (BKSM).
Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini akan dibuat sebuah aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan seleksi BKSM. Dengan adanya sistem pendukung keputusan tersebut, akan memudahkan pengurus dalam menentukan kelayakan penerima BKSM berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan.
Kata Kunci— Sistem Pendukung Keputusan; Bantuan Khusus Siswa Miskin (BKSM)
Shape Optimization for Thermal Insulation Problems
Authors: Tozza Silvia , Toraldo Gerardo 
Published: May 2022

Thermal insulation represents one of the major challenges for energy efficiency. Problems related to insulation are well-known and widely studied in mathematical physics. Neverthless, mathematics involved is still very tricky especially when one looks at shape optimization issues [1, 2], and sometimes the answers are not so intuitive [3].In this talk we will consider two domains: an internal (fixed) ball of radius r and an external domain whose geometry varies. Physically, we are considering a domain of given temperature, thermally insulated by surrounding it with a constant thickness of thermal insulator. Our question is related to the best (or worst) shape for the external domain, in terms of heat dispersion (of course, under prescribed geometrical constraints). Mathematically, our problem is composed by an elliptic PDE with Robin-Dirichlet boundary conditions. This work is still in progress and we want to share someremarks and open questions, in addition to the results obtained so far.REFERENCES[1] F. Della Pietra, C. Nitsch, C. Trombetti, An optimal insulation problem. Math. Ann., (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-020-02058-6[2] D. Bucur, G. Buttazzo, C. Nitsch, Two optimization problems in thermal insulation. Notices Am. Math. Soc., 64(8): 830--835, 2017.[3] D. Bucur, G. Buttazzo, C. Nitsch, Symmetry breaking for a problem in optimal insulation. J.Math. Pures et Appl., 107(4): 451--463, 2017.
Equilibrium-Based Finite Element Formulation for Timoshenko Curved Tapered Beams
Authors: Santos Hugo 
Published: May 2022

Due to their excellent mechanical performance and structural efficiency, curved tapered beams have been widely used in many engineering applications, such as, bridge structures, piping systems, biomedical devices, aerospace and aeronautical structures, etc. Their complex geometries pose challenges to the development of robust approaches for the modelling of their mechanical behaviour. Among the various approaches available in the literature for their analysis, those that are based on the finite element method have been the most successful, particularly due to their versatility. Nonetheless, when applied to Timoshenko based structural models, some of these finite element approaches are prone to shear locking when the beam elements become slender and to membrane locking when the curvature of the beam centroid curves increases [1]. The aim of the present contribution is to introduce a novel, simple and effective, finite element formulation for the analysis of two-dimensional Timoshenko curved tapered beams. This formulation relies on a complementary variational approach based on a set of approximations that satisfy in strong form all equilibrium conditions of the boundary-value problem [2], resulting thus in a formulation that is free from both shear and membrane locking phenomena. The effectiveness of the formulation is numerically demonstrated through its application to a circular clamped-clamped beam subjected to a mid-span concentrated load, and the obtained results are analysed and discussed. REFERENCES [1] H. Stolarski and T. Belytschko, “Shear and membrane locking in curved C0 elements”, Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., Vol. 41, pp. 279–296, (1983). [2] H.A.F.A. Santos, “Complementary-energy methods for geometrically non-linear structural models: an overview and recent developments in the analysis of frames”, Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, Vol. 18, (2011): 405.
Comparative evaluation of severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography of the chest in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals: an observational study
Authors: Mahajan Manik , Gupta Vikrant , Ilyas Mohd , Gupta Kulbhushan , Singh Parveen 
Published: May 2022

PurposeSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus causing an infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest plays a significant role in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 using computed tomography severity scoring (CT-SS). Numerous vaccines are being made available in the world to lessen the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study is to compare the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia using CT-SS in COVID-19-positive vaccinated (Covishield/Oxford-AstraZeneca) and non-vaccinated individuals and to compare the final outcome wherever possible.Material and methodsThis observational study was carried out from March 2021 to April 2021. Forty vaccinated and 40 non-vaccinated RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients who underwent CT chest during the 4-12th day of illness formed the material of the study. Semi-quantitative scoring was used, and CT-SS was calculated based on the extent of lobar involvement in all the patients. CT-SS was then compared between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups and the results analysed.ResultsCT scans were performed in 80 patients (40 patients each in the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups). The majority of patients in the vaccinated group had mild (42.5%) and moderate (37.5%) CT-SS while the majority of patients in the non-vaccinated group had moderate (52.5%) and severe (27.5%) CT-SS score on chest CT. Also, no mortality was observed in the vaccinated group, with 2 deaths in the non-vaccinated group.ConclusionsCovishield vaccine administration reduces the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to the non-vaccinated group, with a marked reduction in mortality.
Splint efficacy in chronic post-stroke spasticity: a pilot study
Authors: Onder Burcu , Selcuk Barin , Atci Aysel Gurcan , Kurtaran Aydan , Akyuz Mufit 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionHand spasticity after stroke is a serious issue and may lead to hygiene problems, range of motion limitations, or contractures. Hand splints are often used to reduce spasticity and prevent movement limitations; however, there is little research available on the efficacy of splints in spasticity. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a reflex inhibitory splint (RIS) for upper extremity spasticity in stroke patients by using clinical and electrophysiological studies.MethodsStroke patients with elbow and hand spasticity were allocated into 2 groups. The splint group (<i>n</i> = 16) wore RIS. The control group (<i>n</i> = 13) did not wear any upper extremity splint. Both groups received the same rehabilitation program during this period. They were evaluated for motion in the upper extremity with the Brunnstrom scale and Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scale. Electrophysiological measurements showing motor neuron excitability such as the ratio between the maximum amplitude of H-reflex and the maximum amplitude of M-response (H<sub>max</sub>/M<sub>max</sub> ratio), H-reflex latency, and F-wave persistence and latency were also studied. All clinical and electrophysiological measurements were performed in both groups on days 0 and 15.ResultsAt the end of the treatment, elbow and finger flexion tonus decreased and active wrist extension angle increased in the splint treatment group compared with both baseline and the control group. Compared with the pre-treatment status, a correlation was detected between the H<sub>max</sub>/M<sub>max</sub> ratio and the wrist flexion tonus in the splint group.ConclusionsRIS may be useful for the management of post-stroke upper-limb spasticity.
Challenges, Responses and Prospects for Post COVID-19 Higher Education Management in Kenya.
Authors: Dr Simon Kipchumba.  
Published: May 2022

This article explores the prospect for higher education management post Covid-19 in Kenya. This article therefore tries to tackle two objectives: to find out how higher education institutions in Kenya responded to the Covid-19 pandemic and to predict how higher education management in Kenya will look like post-Covid-19. The authors adopted Kurt Lewin’s 1947 change management model. The theory recognizes that when organisation is faced with a challenge, it has to undergo three stages of change (unfreeze, transition and refreeze). This theory was used to understand the transition that institutions of higher learning had to undergo in order to adopt ways of surviving in the new normal. Descriptive research design was used in this study in which data was collected from the archives regarding the way institutions of higher learning in Kenya and elsewhere responded to Covid-19 pandemic. As such, archival retrieval and exploration of existing literature on Covid-19 response was obtained. The collected data was put in themes and through triangulation and predictions were made and conclusion drawn. The findings of this study add to the increasing literature on Covid-19 pandemic and specifically contribute to the impact of Covid-19 pandemic to higher education sector.
The importance of non-stationary multiannual periodicities in the North Atlantic Oscillation index for forecasting water resource drought
Authors: Rust William , Bloomfield John P. , Cuthbert Mark , Corstanje Ron , Holman Ian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Drought forecasting and early warning systems for water resource extremes
are increasingly important tools in water resource management in Europe
where increased population density and climate change are expected to place
greater pressures on water supply. In this context, the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO) is often used to indicate future water resource behaviours (including droughts) over Europe, given its dominant control on winter rainfall totals in the North Atlantic region. Recent hydroclimate research has focused on the role of multiannual periodicities in the NAO in driving low frequency behaviours in some water resources, suggesting that notable improvements to lead-times in forecasting may be possible by incorporating these multiannual relationships. However, the importance of multiannual NAO periodicities for driving water resource behaviour, and the feasibility of this relationship for indicating future droughts, has yet to be assessed in the context of known non-stationarities that are internal to the NAO and its influence on European meteorological processes. Here we quantify the time–frequency relationship between the NAO and a large dataset of water resources records to identify key non-stationarities that have dominated multiannual behaviour of water resource extremes over recent decades. The most dominant of these is a 7.5-year periodicity in water resource extremes since approximately 1970 but which has been diminishing since 2005. Furthermore, we show that the non-stationary relationship between the NAO and European rainfall is clearly expressed at multiannual periodicities in the water resource records assessed. These multiannual behaviours are found to have modulated historical water resource anomalies to an extent that is comparable to the projected effects of a worst-case climate change scenario. Furthermore, there is limited systematic understanding in existing atmospheric research for non-stationarities in these periodic behaviours which poses considerable implications to existing water resource forecasting and projection systems, as well as the use of these periodic behaviours as an indicator of future water resource drought.
Safe handling of cytotoxic drugs practices for nurses working with patients in middle euphrates oncology teaching hospitals
Authors: Shamran Hassanain Yhiya , Ali Sahar Adham 
Published: May 2022

Background: The expanding use of chemotherapy medications has resulted in an increase in chemotherapeutics exposures amongst nurses who work in oncology departments. Chemotherapy drugs agents may have toxicological consequences in humans, such as carcinogenic effects, teratogenic effects, and mutagenicity (Sarita Devi, 2019). Objectives of the study: to assess nurses practices for safe preparation and administration of cytotoxic drugs in the oncology teaching hospitals. Methodology: descriptive–observational study design carried out to assess the nurses practices regarding safe of the preparation and administration of cytotoxic drugs .purposeful sample from (125) nurses who provide direct care for patient receiving chemotherapy drugs were selected. Result: Represent that most of the sample shows fair practice regarding preparation of chemotherapy (cytotoxic) that considered as key element of handling of cytotoxic medications in a safe manner, also that the majority of the nurses who participate in the study related to practical level of the study sample related to chemotherapy administration fair. Conclusion: Regarding the nurses practices with respect to the safe handling of cytotoxic drugs during their daily caring in the oncology units the statistical results recorded moderate level of practices.
Intrathecal Fentanyl with Small-Dose Bupivacaine: Stable Hemodynamics in Geriatric Population Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Shah Azmat Ali , Islam Mujahid Ul , Ahmad Imtiaz , Islam Ansa , Gillani Syed Ahsan Shabir , Farooq Muhammad Anwar , Shahid Muhammad , Ali Faizan Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

Fentanyl (FNL) has been used since long for the management of intense pain due to cancerous and non-cancerous diseases. Bupivacaine (BVP) is also a widely used local anesthetic used in surgery and obstetrics Objective: To examine the clinical effect of small-dose (20 mcg) fentanyl added to spinal anesthesia with small-dose dilute bupivacaine (6 mg of 0.7% bupivacaine) on anesthesia quality and recovery. Methods: This study was conducted in Ayub Teaching Hospital after taking the ethical approval from hospital review board. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients accepted for the study were all ASA I or II physical status presenting for ambulatory arthroscopic surgery of the knee. Sample size of 60 were determined by power analysis based on standard deviation data from our previously published report, P % 0.05, and the assumption of a 90% power to detect a 30-min difference in mean time to complete sensory recovery. Results: Total 60 patients were enrolled in current study. The mean age of patients was 78.52+8.22. There were 47(78.3%) male and 13(21.7%) were female. The hemodynamic changes from start of the procedure after 30 minutes were noted. The mean systolic blood pressure at base line was 120.65+18.197 and at 30 minutes was 118.98+14.39. The mean diastolic blood pressure at base line was 74.83+16.569 and at 30 minutes was 73.70+13.41. The mean heart rate at base line was 62.73+5.90 and at 30 minutes was 62.61+5.87. The mean heart rate at base line was 89.72+16.728 and at 30 minutes was 88.38+13.26 Conclusion: Myocardial infarction was the leading cause of postoperative death.
THEORETICAL LOGOS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF PERMANENT TRANSFORMATION OF INTERBUDGETARY RELATIONS
Authors: Krysovatyy Andriy , Desyatnyuk Oksana , Tkachyk Fedir 
Published: May 2022

The article examines the essential determinants of decentralization and its main elements. Considerable attention is paid to scientific and theoretical aspects of the impact of fiscal decentralization on local economic development. Priority aspects of realization of bases of fiscal decentralization in the Ukrainian administrative practice are covered. It is proved that the key idea of ​​fiscal decentralization is manifested in the achievement of financial autonomy by local governments through the accumulation of financial resources at a certain level of government. Emphasis is placed on the concept of fiscal federalism and its role in the socio-economic development of administrative entities of unitary states.
It is argued that the construction of an effective system of inter-budgetary relations should take into account a range of measures to strengthen the own tax potential of the territorial community. It has been established that recently the tax potential of local self-government bodies has been identified by tax capacity at the expense of three taxes: personal income tax, property tax and single tax. The study showed that fiscal decentralization through the prism of tax, budget and debt instruments can provide a favorable socio-economic climate in local communities.
A structural and logical scheme of the impact of key paradigms of fiscal decentralization on the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine has been built. It is proved that fiscal decentralization in the conditions of divergence of interbudgetary relations can become a catalyst for effective fiscal stimulus policy, as delegation of budgetary powers to lower levels, while improving the efficiency of budgetary resources, will allow more fully and regionally respond to regional development and local needs.