bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of mono‐diglycerides on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and physical stability of an edible rice bran wax–gelatin biphasic gel system
Authors: Saffold Ariana C. , Acevedo Nuria C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBigels are prepared by homogenization of an organogel and hydrogel. Bigels can offer improved properties such as enhanced physical stability and the ability to interact with both hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties and substances when compared to other gelled systems due to its semi‐solid internal phase, biphasic nature, and supramolecular interactions between components. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mono‐diglycerides (MDG) on the supramolecular structure and interactions, physical stability, and mechanical properties of a rice bran wax–gelatin bigels. The organogel‐to‐hydrogel (OG:HG) ratios tested were 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 with MDG incorporated at four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% [w/w]). Bigels were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), texture analysis, and liquid binding capacity studies. The results showed that MDG have a dual effect on the structural organization and stability of the systems; they act as emulsifiers and/or crystallization modifiers. CSLM and FTIR showed that the addition of MDG had the greatest effect on the microstructure of the 60:40 OG:HG ratio, where MDG concentrations 0.5% and 1% (w/w) exhibited a reduction in the size of the oleogel regions while concentrations 2% and 3% (w/w) showed a phase inversion. MDG addition resulted in a gradual decrease in bigel hardness, but an enhancement of physical stability.
Teaching genomics to life science undergraduates using cloud computing platforms with open datasets
Authors: Poolman Toryn M. , Townsend‐Nicholson Andrea , Cain Amanda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe final year of a biochemistry degree is usually a time to experience research. However, laboratory‐based research projects were not possible during COVID‐19. Instead, we used open datasets to provide computational research projects in metagenomics to biochemistry undergraduates (80 students with limited computing experience). We aimed to give the students a chance to explore any dataset, rather than use a small number of artificial datasets (~60 published datasets were used). To achieve this, we utilized Google Colaboratory (Colab), a virtual computing environment. Colab was used as a framework to retrieve raw sequencing data (analyzed with QIIME2) and generate visualizations. Setting up the environment requires no prior experience; all students have the same drive structure and notebooks can be shared (for synchronous sessions). We also used the platform to combine multiple datasets, perform a meta‐analysis, and allowed the students to analyze large datasets with 1000s of subjects and factors. Projects that required increased computational resources were integrated with Google Cloud Compute. In future, all research projects can include some aspects of reanalyzing public data, providing students with data science experience. Colab is also an excellent environment in which to develop data skills in multiple languages (e.g., Perl, Python, Julia).
ORCANet: Differentiable multi‐parameter learning for crowd simulation
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Li Chen , Wang Changbo , He Gaoqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRealistic crowd simulation has always been an important research field in computer graphics. While both agent‐based motion models and data‐driven behavior models have made some progress, they are still suffering from either huge effort of multi‐parameter tuning or limited realistic motion. In this article, we propose a novel and differentiable multi‐parameter learning method for crowd simulation, which is called ORCANet. The main idea is to learn from real data and inverse evaluating the multi‐parameter for subsequent simulation. ORCANet uses classic optimal reciprocal collision avoidance (ORCA) as a basic motion model which is integrated into the deep learning framework. Addressing the feature of linear programming and non‐differentiable operation, a Gaussian kernel is added to approximate the role of neighbor distance in collision avoidance, which turns the original discrete operation into a fully differentiable forward simulation. Furthermore, we leverage ORCANet to optimize the multi‐parameter combination in synthetic and real‐world datasets. ORCANet is proved to rapidly converge to correct parameter values and regenerate the input synthetic sequence. Moreover, experiments on real‐world datasets by the metric of pedestrian trajectories verified that a more realistic crowd simulation has been generated through ORCANet.
Bioactive Metabolites of Microalgae from Canary Islands for Functional Food and Feed Uses
Authors: Santiago‐Díaz Paula , Rico Milagros , Rivero Argimiro , Santana‐Casiano Magdalena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree freshwater microalgae (Spirogyra sp., Cosmarium sp., and Cosmarium blytii) collected from several locations in Gran Canaria have been studied to explore their potential as a novel source of bioactive compounds for biotechnological applications. Soluble carbohydrates were quantified after extraction with 3 M HCl at 100 °C, ranging from 35.8 to 43.3 %, and with water at room temperature, ranging from 19 to 22.8 %. Amino acids glutamic acid, proline and aspartic acid were quantified by RP‐HPLC. Glutamic acid was the most abundant, ranging from 12.2 to 3.63 mg g−1 of dry biomass. Cosmarium blytii was the richest sample in amino acids (24.02 mg g−1 of dry weight). In addition, Cosmarium blytii and Spyrogira sp. exhibited higher radical scavenging activity (RSA) against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than that of the synthetic antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), commonly used as food additive. These results show a great potential of these microalgae for exploitation in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries.
Polymerization, Stimuli‐induced Depolymerization, and Precipitation‐driven Macrocyclization in a Nitroaldol Reaction System**
Authors: Qi Yunchuan , Ramström Olof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDynamic covalent polymers of different topology have been synthesized from an aromatic dialdehyde and α,ω‐dinitroalkanes via the nitroaldol reaction. All dinitroalkanes yielded dynamers with the dialdehyde, where the length of the dinitroalkane chain played a vital role in determining the structure of the final products. For longer dinitroalkanes, linear dynamers were produced, where the degree of polymerization reached a plateau at higher feed concentrations. In the reactions involving 1,4‐dinitrobutane and 1,5‐dinitropentane, specific macrocycles were formed through depolymerization of the linear chains, further driven by precipitation. At lower temperature, the same systemic self‐sorting effect was also observed for the 1,6‐dinitrohexane‐based dynamers. Moreover, the dynamers showed a clear adaptive behavior, displaying depolymerization and rearrangement of the dynamer chains in response to alternative building blocks as external stimuli.
Plasma Chemical Oxygen Conversion in an Industry‐Oriented Reactor Design
Authors: Nitsche Tim , Kostrzewa Jannis , Budt Marcus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of non‐thermal plasma enables chemical conversions as well as the removal of trace gas components. This application purpose has already been demonstrated for volume flow rates on a laboratory scale using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The next milestone is now to scale up this technology for application purposes with higher volume flow rates. In the present paper, the first successful conversion results from a steel reactor developed for the purpose of upscaling are presented.
Practical Aspects of Converting Steel Mill Gases to Chemical Feedstocks
Authors: Büker Karsten , von Morstein Olaf , Yildirim Ömer , Frey Andreas , Voss Christian , Geisbauer Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA key element in converting steel mill gases to chemical feedstocks is a thorough removal of contaminants. This paper summarizes important aspects of designing and operating the gas treatment pilot plant at the Carbon2Chem® technical center in Duisburg. Information is given on how synthesis gas for the production of methanol and ammonia is produced. The efficient purification and conditioning of the gases is demonstrated by way of example of ammonia synthesis. Measures for enhancing the flexibility of the pilot plant are explained and issues related to scale‐up are discussed.
Solar‐Driven Catalytic Urea Oxidation for Environmental Remediation and Energy Recovery
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Zhang Meng , Li Jianan , Peng Chong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe water‐energy nexus is highly related to sustainable societal development. As one of the most abundant biowastes discharged into the environment, mild abatements and green conversions of urea wastewater have been widely investigated. Due to abundant sources, global distribution, and easy control, light‐based catalytic strategies have become alternative on‐site treatment approaches. After comprehensively surveying the recent progress, recent achievements of urea oxidation under light irradiation are reviewed herein. Several typical light‐promoted systems employed in urea conversion, including photocatalysis, photo‐electrocatalysis, photo‐biocatalysis, and photocatalytic fuel cells, are meticulously introduced and discussed, from catalyst designs and medium conditions to established mechanisms. To realize the goal of sustainability, the chemical energy in urea‐rich water could be utilized for the value‐added production of hydrogen fuel and electricity. Finally, based on current developments, existing challenges are enumerated and developmental prospects in the future of light‐driven urea conversion technologies are proposed.
A review on synthetic strategy, molecular pharmacology of indazole derivatives, and their future perspective
Authors: Mal Suvadeep , Malik Udita , Mahapatra Monalisa , Mishra Abhishek , Pal Dilipkumar , Paidesetty Sudhir K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith different nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic moieties, Indazoles earn one of the places among the top investigated molecules in medicinal research. Indazole, an important fused aromatic heterocyclic system containing benzene and pyrazole ring with a chemical formula of C7H6N2, is also called benzopyrazole. Indazoles consist of three tautomeric forms in which 1H‐tautomers (indazoles) and 2H‐tautomers (isoindazoles) exist in all phases. The tautomerism in indazoles greatly influences synthesis, reactivity, physical and even the biological properties of indazoles. The thermodynamic internal energy calculation of these tautomers points view 1H‐indazole as the predominant and stable form over 2H‐indazole. The natural source of indazole is limited and exists in alkaloidal nature (i.e., nigellidine, nigeglanine, nigellicine, etc.) found from Nigella plants. Some of the FDA‐approved drugs like Axitinib, Entrectinib, Niraparib, Benzydamine, and Granisetron are being used to treat renal cell cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epithelial ovarian cancer, chronic inflammation, chemotherapy‐induced nausea, vomiting, and many more uses. Besides all these advantages regarding its biological activity, the main issue about indazoles is the less abundance in plant sources, and their synthetic derivatives also often face problems with low yield. In this review article, we discuss its chemistry, tautomerism along with their effects, different schematics for the synthesis of indazole derivatives, and their different biological activities.
Differential habitat use of a notorious invasive fish, the round goby, in a translocation‐relevant system
Authors: Bussmann Karen , Hirsch Philipp Emanuel , Lehmann Moritz F. , Burkhardt‐Holm Patricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic structures can form novel ecosystem niches. Invasive species are often particularly successful in occupying these habitats and utilize them as beachheads for further spread. The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814), an inherently bottom‐dwelling fish, uses vertical harbor walls as habitat, enabling them to reach boats (i.e., potential translocation vectors). To evaluate the relevance of vertical habitat use for population dynamics and translocation, we exemplary investigated a population of round gobies in a harbor ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated differences in trophic niche characteristics, individual trophic specialization, phenotypic traits, and breeding frequency in wall versus bottom‐dwelling round gobies. Habitat‐characteristic dietary signatures indicated habitat partitioning during the breeding season. Trophic niches overlapped but were clearly distinguishable between the habitats: Walls were inhabited by 1.4 times more trophic generalists than specialists, while the bottom was inhabited by 2.1 times more trophic specialists. Breeding frequency was 24 times higher on the walls than on the bottom. After the reproductive season, we found a higher similarity in trophic ecology of gobies inhabiting the two habitats, and differences in abundance, size, and condition. These results are in line with winter migrations to deeper habitats, which are common in round gobies in lentic and marine ecosystems. Our results suggest a high potential for microgeographic adaptation to either horizontal or vertical habitat use in invasive round gobies. We demonstrated that male gobies using the walls during the breeding season are larger and heavier, suggesting that wall climbing may select for more competitive individuals. Additionally, the overall abundance of round gobies likely increases with the additional use of vertical habitat space, which may lead to higher propagule pressure. The ability to exploit anthropogenic habitats, and a higher translocation probability of competitive individuals, can contribute to the invasion success of round gobies in anthropogenically influenced aquatic systems.
Omni‐functional crystal: Advanced methods to characterize the composition and homogeneity of lithium niobate melts and crystals
Authors: Chen Kunfeng , Wu Ji'an , Hu Qianyu , Lu Zheng , Sun Xiangfei , Wang Zhiqiang , Tang Gongbin , Hu Hui , Xue Dongfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium niobate (LN) is a type of multifunctional dielectric and ferroelectric crystal that is widely used in acoustic, optical, and optoelectronic devices. The performance of pure and doped LN strongly depends on various factors, including its composition, microstructure, defects, domain, and homogeneity. The structure and composition homogeneity can affect both the chemical and physical properties of LN crystals, including their density, Curie temperature, refractive index, and piezoelectric and mechanical properties. In terms of practical demands, both the composition and microstructure characterizations these crystals must range from the nanometer scale up to the millimeter and wafer scales. Therefore, LN crystals require different characterization technologies when verifying their quality for various device applications. Optical, electrical, and acoustic technologies have been developed, including x‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and interferometry. To obtain detailed structural information, advanced sub‐nanometer technologies are required. For general industrial demands, fast and non‐destructive technologies are preferable. This review outlines the advanced methods used to characterize both the composition and homogeneity of LN melts and crystals from the micro‐ to wafer scale.
Experimental study on thermo‐hydraulic performance of metal foam twisted tape in a double pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Aljubury Issam M. A. , Saihood Raed G. , Farhan Ammar A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA recent study compared experimentally the hydraulic and thermal activity of twisted tape inserts for two types, metal foam twisted tape (MFTT) and traditional twisted tape (TTT), in a double pipe heat exchanger. The investigation goal of the innovatively designed MFTT is to enhance the heat transfer process, which provides a higher thermal enhancement factor over those of TTT under the same conditions. Heat transfer activity in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and Nusselt number ratio (Nu/Nuo) as the heat exchanger equipped with the proposed MFTT and TTT inserts with various tape‐twist ratios (y/W = 3.6, 5.2, and 6.8) are considered over various values of Reynolds numbers (16,300 < Re < 32,500). The results reveal an improvement in heat transfer rate with both MFTT and TTT and this improvement is proportional inversely to the twisted ratio, but the MFTT showed the highest value of heat transfer compared to TTT and clear tube. Also, the Nu of MFTT augments averaged about 175%–230% compared to the TTT depending on the twist ratio and about 275% and 500% over that of the clear tube. At a twist ratio of 3.6, the heat transfer coefficient is recorded at 37% and 45% for MFTT and TTT models, respectively, with an increase in Re. However, friction factor (f) increases about 35% for MFTT with decreasing in twist ratio (from 6.8 to 3.6). The effectiveness of the proposed MFTT in the range of Re used is found to be about 12%, 15%, and 18% higher than those induced by TTT at twisted tape ratio (y/w = 3.6, 5.2, and 6.8), respectively.
An in‐depth look at latent classes of DSM‐5 psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with PTSD: Clinical indicators and treatment utilization
Authors: Hawn Sage E. , Hawrilenko Matthew , McDowell Yoanna , Campbell Sarah , Garcia Natalia M. , Simpson Tracy L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with high comorbidity rates across the full range of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about how psychiatric comorbidity manifests among people with PTSD, particularly with regard to concurrent diagnoses.MethodLatent class analysis (LCA) was used to characterize discrete classes of PTSD comorbidity using past year DSM‐5 diagnostic standards among a large nationally representative epidemiologic sample of U.S. adults. Follow‐up analyses compared participant characteristics across latent classes.ResultsThe LCA was best characterized by five classes: low comorbidity, distress‐fear, distress‐externalizing, mania‐fear‐externalizing, and mania‐externalizing. Excluding the low comorbidity class, proportions of borderline and schizotypal personality disorder were high across classes.ConclusionParticipant characteristics across classes of past year PTSD comorbidity are explored through the lens of case conceptualization and treatment planning utility.
Larval morphology of Amazonia foam‐nesting frogs of the genus Engystomops (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)
Authors: do Nascimento Filipe A. C. , de Sá Rafael O. , Garcia Paulo C. de A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe highly differentiated anuran larvae make them an interesting and complementary source of information to understand anuran evolution. Among neotropical foam‐nesting frogs, the available information on tadpole morphology for the subfamily Leiuperinae remains largely incomplete and variably reported among genera; in the monophyletic genus Engystomops it is still incipient. Herein, we summarize available information on larval morphology for five of the nine known species of Engystomops, three of them for the first time, reporting external morphology, buccopharyngeal cavity, and skeleton. The tadpoles of the genus have an overall generalized morphology and many traits are conserved across species. Nevertheless, many characters are systematically informative and some are diagnostic for some species, as the paravertebral gland in Engystomops petersi and the dorsally directed spiracle in Engystomops puyango. Other characters provide support for some subclades within the genus. Moreover, some traits, such as the direction of the vent tube, supports the close relationship between Engystomops and Physalaemus, whereas other support the existence of these two as distinct genera, such as the overall shape of the lateral ridge papillae and the presence of a processus pseudopterygoideus.
COVID‐19 and inflammatory bowel disease crosstalk: From emerging association to clinical proposal
Authors: Tao Sha‐Sha , Wang Xin‐Yi , Yang Xiao‐Ke , Liu Yu‐Chen , Fu Zi‐Yue , Zhang Li‐Zhi , Wang Zhi‐Xin , Ni Jing , Shuai Zong‐Wen , Pan Hai‐Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), an acute respiratory inflammation that has emerged worldwide since December 2019, and it quickly became a global epidemic. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory diseases whose etiology has not been elucidated. The two have many overlapping symptoms in clinical presentation, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, pneumonia, etc. Imbalance of the autoimmune system in IBD patients and long‐term use of immunosuppressive drugs may increase the risk of infection; and systemic symptoms caused by COVID‐19 may also induce or exacerbate intestinal inflammation. It has been found that the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2, which is highly expressed in the lung and intestine, is an inflammatory protective factor, and is downregulated and upregulated in COVID‐19 and IBD, respectively, suggesting that there may be a coregulatory pathway. In addition, the immune activation pattern of COVID‐19 and the cytokine storm in the inflammatory response have similar roles in IBD, indicating that the two diseases may influence each other. Therefore, this review aimed to address the following research questions: whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection leads to the progression of IBD; whether IBD increases the risk of COVID‐19 infection and poor prognosis; possible common mechanisms and genetic cross‐linking between the two diseases; new treatment and care strategies for IBD patients, and the feasibility and risk of vaccination in the context of the COVID‐19 epidemic.
The contribution of human activities to runoff and sediment changes in the Mang River basin of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhao Longshan , Meng Ping , Zhang Jinsong , Zhang Jinxin , Li Jianxia , Wang Xiuming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil erosion changes after China's Grain‐for‐Green Program (GGP) have attracted widespread attention. Many studies have reported positive contributions of the GGP to sediment reduction; however, GGP effects on runoff remain under debate. The objective of this study was to identify runoff and sediment changes and estimate the contribution of human activities to soil erosion decreases in the Mang River basin (MRB) in the southeastern Loess Plateau. The temporal trends of the rainfall‐runoff‐sediment series between 1960 and 2017 and the contribution of human effects to runoff and sediment changes were determined using time‐series analysis methods. The main transformations in land‐use types were from farmland to forestland in the upstream MRB and farmland to built‐up land in the downstream MRB. Rainfall remained in a relatively steady state, while runoff and sediment had descending trends, both of which began to mutate in 1990 and 1994, respectively. The average runoff (sediment load) decreased by 33 × 104 m3 (5 × 104 t yr−1), of which the human effect contributed to 79% (93%) of the decreases. During the descending period, the human effects on runoff and sediment increased with time. Sediment experienced a much larger reduction effect than runoff because of increased forestland area, which can greatly reduce soil erosion, in the MRB upstream of our study site; however, runoff was increased in the MRB downstream of our study site because urbanization led to the expansion of impervious surfaces. Our results provide new lessons for assessing the reduction effects of the GGP on soil erosion in an urbanized basin.