bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatyczna embriogeneza: od odkrycia przez badania do praktycznego wykorzystania.
Authors: Mikuła Anna , Tomiczak Karolina , Grzyb Małgorzata , Tomaszewicz Wojciech 
Published: February 2022

Komórki roślinne mają niezwykłą zdolność adaptacji do zmian środowiskowych. Jej przejawem jest tworzenie zarodków wprost z komórek ciała rośliny z pominięciem etapu zapłodnienia. Powstałe tą drogą strukturyrozwijają się w kompletne rośliny, a samproces, dla odróżnienia drogi powstawania i podkreślenia spójności z embriogenezą zygotyczną, jest określany mianem embriogenezy somatycznej (SE). Mimo, iż w2018 roku minęło 60 lat od opisania tego zjawiska po raz pierwszy, to mechanizm przeprogramowania komórki somatycznej w embriogeniczną nadal nie jest w pełni poznany. Jest to krytyczny etap wSE, który może być indukowany przez egzo- i endogenne czynniki oraz stresowe traktowanie. Działanie tych czynników na materiał roślinny wpływa na reorganizację struktury chromatyny, a tym samym na ekspresję genów, co w konsekwencji może uruchamiać program embriogenezy. W niniejszej pracy dokonano przeglądu aktualnej wiedzy na temat tego, jak określana jest tożsamość komórek totipotencjalnych oraz bodźców wymaganych do przeprogramowania rozwoju komórek somatycznych. Podsumowano wiedzę na temat kluczowych molekularnych regulatorów i związanej z nimi sieci powiązań, które kontrolują indukcję SE. Zdefiniowano równieżzagadnienia, które są ważne dla podniesienia zrozumienia mechanizmów leżących u podstaw totipotencji. Na zakończeniepokazano potencjał praktyczny drzemiący w tym procesie i podano przykłady jego wykorzystania.
The Knowledge of Post Exposure Prophylaxis for Hepatitis B Virus and the Related Factors among Health Care Workers in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Senoo- Dogbey Vivian Efua 
Published: February 2022

Background: Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is important, especially in healthcare settings with low HBV vaccination uptake and high prevalence of HBV among the general public. It is important for Health Care Workers (HCWs) to have adequate knowledge of PEP for HBV for effective adherence following occupational exposure. This study assessed the level of knowledge of PEP for HBV among HCWs. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 174 HCWs from five facilities in the Greater Accra Region. Selection was by random sampling after stratification into six professional categories. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS software was used to analyse data. Chi-square test was used to determine significance, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were done. Results: Thirty three percent of the HCWs had knowledge scores of less than 50%, whereas only 27% had good knowledge of PEP for HBV. The average mean of knowledge score was 47.85 (CI=44.35-51.35). An analysis of variance identified a statistically significant difference between the scores obtained by the various cadres (P=0.01). A logistic regression analysis revealed that nurses and midwives had lower odds of having a good knowledge of PEP for HBV (aOR=0.4; 95% CI=0.1-0.9). Conclusion: Respondents demonstrated inadequate knowledge of PEP for HBV in this study. In poor settings where HBV disease burden is high and HBV vaccination coverage among HCWs is suboptimal, good knowledge of PEP for HBV is recommended for effective adherence to PEP protocols among HCWs, who are at risk of exposure to HBV.
Validity of Estimating the 3 kHz Audiometric Threshold by Averaging the Thresholds at 2 and 4 kHz in Cases of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Philippe Henri DeJonckere , Jean Lebacq 
Published: February 2022

Background: Hearing thresholds at 3000 Hz are generally not measured in routine clinical audiometry. However, for purposes other than clinical diagnosis, the threshold at 3 kHz has many applications, in epidemiological studies in the field of occupational health and medicine, as well as in (medicolegal) quantification of physical impairment due to hearing loss, particularly noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The present study addressed the validity of estimating, in the case of NIHL, the 3 kHz-audiometric thresholds by averaging the thresholds at 2 and 4 kHz. Methods: All 200 investigated subjects (400 ears) had a well-documented noise exposure, moderate to severe NIHL, and underwent, as they were claiming for compensation, a detailed medicolegal audiological investigation, including beside pure tone audiometry, electrophysiological objective frequency-specific threshold definition using cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Results: The study results showed a good correlation between the 2-4 kHz interpolation and the actual 3 kHz threshold; the error may be around 2 dB on average. However, in individual cases, the results demonstrated that the error due to interpolation exceeds 5 dB HL in about one-quarter of the cases. This error is predictable; the larger the 2- 4 KHz difference (which reflects the steepness of the left slope of the audiometric notch), the larger the error (on either side) made by interpolating. Conclusion: For epidemiological studies with large amounts of data, the interpolated threshold (average of 2 and 4 KHz) may be considered as a valid estimate of the true value of the 3 KHz threshold. More caution is required in individual cases: the error due to interpolation exceeds 5 dB HL in about one-quarter of the cases, but this error is predictable.
Rapidly progressive dementia and severe awake bruxism resistance to treatment: An unresolved challenge to treatment
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Alizadeh Zahra , Sadeghi Milad , Zare Ali 
Published: February 2022

Background: Bruxism is a chief complaint in some patients with dementia, but there is no clear guideline for its management.Here, we presented a case with awake bruxism.
Case presentation: This case report study described an 88-year-old woman with severe rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) and awake bruxism, which was improved with discontinuation of sertraline, quetiapine, gabapentin, and resumption of trazodone.
Conclusion: In this case study, despite taking drugs from different classifications for bruxism treatment, no improvement was seen. Bruxism is an important and challenging condition for physicians and caregivers in dementia patients. Although bruxism needs serious treatment, there is no suitable and well-defined treatment for this disorder. Further studies are needed to suggest an efficient drug for the management of bruxism.
Ketamine as a novel treatment protocol for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder
Authors: Fallah Tafti Atena , Yasini Seyed Mojtaba , Saghafi Fatemeh , Bidaki Reza , Jafari Hossein , Vakili Mahmoud , Rameshi Yekta 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has devastating effects on patient's quality of life (QOL). It seems that the use of ketamine in the treatment of MDD is an easy and less invasive technique compared with invasive methods, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). As there were few studies in this regard, especially in Yazd province, the current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of repeated injected ketamine on patients with MDD and resistant to treatment.
Methods: This hospital-based open-label prospective study was conducted from September 2017 to May 2019 at Comprehensive Psychiatric Center, Taft,Yazd, Iran. In this pre-and post- trial, 18 patients with a diagnosis of MDD were recruited. The patients were diagnosed with MDD based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5e) text revision Adapted from American Psychiatric Association (DSM 5). The patients aged between 18 to 70 years. Patients were eligible to participate in this study if they did not have history of physical or mental comorbidity. After completing Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the patients received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine infusion over 40 minutes with vital signs monitoring. After 2.5 hours of infusion, the HDRS was re-completed. The patients, who responded to treatment (≥50% reduction in HDRS score), received the treatment on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 after the start of the study. Patients were re-evaluated after receiving the last dose of ketamine.
Results: After the first ketamine infusion, 13 of 18 (72%) patients responded to treatment. A significant decrease was seen between the mean depression score before (21.6 ± 8.5) and 2.5 hours after the first injection (9.7 ± 4.8) in responded patient (p<0.001). In addition, a significant decrease was seen in all of 13 patients who continued ketamine until the 11th day (6.3 ± 4.0) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Findings suggested that ketamine injection was efficacious in reducing the severity of depression in patients with MDD. Due to the decrease in the average of HDRS score and the absence of significant side effects, it seems that repeated ketamine infusion therapy can be offered as a new therapy protocol for TRD.
Cementless Extensive Porous-Coated Mono-block Long Stem Hemiarthroplasty versus Proximal femoral Nail for Unstable Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fracture in the Elderly Patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Dündar Abdulrahim , Ipek Deniz 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The treatment for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly patient has always been controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of porous coated cementless mono-block long stem hemiarthroplasty (CPH) and proximal femoral nail (PFN) on unstable intertrochanteric femoral fracture in the elderly patients. Methods: From March 2017 and March 2020, 132 elderly patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures were treated by CPH or PFN. 73 patients were treated using proximal femoral nail (PFN) and 59 were treated using hemiarthroplasty (CPH). Bleeding amount, weight training time, hospitalization time, Harris scores, one-year mortality, pre-existing disease and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: The average follow-up time was 23.2 months in the CPH group and 22.9 months in the PFN group. No significant differences was found between the two groups in terms of demographic data. There was no significant differences between the two groups regarding the ASA score, pre-existing disease, postoperative complications, and revision surgery. The mean operation time and the average amount of blood loss were significantly higher in the CPH group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both PFN and CPH are two satisfactory methods for treating the elderly with unstable IT fractures but in the CPH group, early postoperative mobilization and decreased dependency are the primary advantages.
Strategic Planning and Performance of Telecommunication Companies in Rwanda
Authors: Joyce Kirabo , A Iravo Mike , Namusonge Gregory 
Published: February 2022

This research sought to examine the strategic planning practice as tool for performance in the telecommunication companies. Strategic planning for that reason offers a much-needed basis on which telecommunication companies can grow and evaluate its success against failures and establish boundaries for efficient decision-making. The research further assessed the level of influence of legal and regulatory framework as a moderating factor on the performance of Telecommunication industry in Rwanda. This study utilized both qualitative and quantitative data as well as applied a descriptive survey design. The study population included the 42 Top and middle level, managers of mobile phone operator companies in Rwanda which comprised of MTN and Airtel company Headquarter and different branches within Kigali City. The data collection instruments were pre-tested using the Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis of dimensions reductions to determine the validity and reliability of the tests. The data collected was analyzed and presented using tables, by help of the SPSS statistical Package for Social Science. The results on, reliability test, descriptive statistics, demographic information of respondents, correlation analysis, normality test, heteroskedasticity test, factor analysis and regression results were established on all the variables of strategic planning, plus the intervening variable of the legal and regulatory framework. Notably, the correlation results revealed that Strategic Planning had a positive and significant. The results revealed that Strategic Planning has a positive and significant moderate relationship with Performance of Telecommunication industry. The results on linearity test for strategic planning and performance of the telecommunication industry since the level of linear association was found to be 0.953 which was also positive and statistically significant. Similarly, the null hypothesis Strategic Planning and performance of the telecommunications industry were subjected to the hypothesis to determine whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis and the results showed a positive and significant association between Strategic Planning and Performance of Telecommunication industry (β = 0.953, ρ< .05). Therefore, the hypothesis was rejected. Thus, as the Performance of Telecommunication industry increased, the strategic planning too increased. It can therefore be concluded that, the companies benefited tremendously when the strategic planning was taken into account for the efficient performance of the telecommunication industry in Rwanda.
The relationship between Product Innovative Strategies and Performance of Kenya Tea Development Agency Factories in Kenya
Authors: Chepngetich Dorothy Koech , Lydia Langat , Alfred Bett 
Published: February 2022

Kenya Tea Development Agency’s primary role is to collect plucked tea, process and market tea products on behalf of farmers. Despite the crucial role it plays in Kenya’s economy, the tea sector still faces various challenges such as high cost of production, fluctuations in the international market, and emerging issues such as COVID-19 pandemic. To effectively improve the performance of the tea industry, product innovative strategy practices are widely acknowledged for improving productivity and competitiveness in the sector. This study aimed at establishing the relationship between product innovative strategies and performance of KTDA factories in Kenya. It was premised on Schumpeterian theory of innovation and Discovery theory. A correlational and cross-sectional research design was adopted in this study. The target population was 974 employees from 71 KTDA factories in Kenya. A sample of 283 respondents was drawn from four regions using a stratified sampling method. The main instrument of data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire administered to top, middle, and lower-level employees of KTDA factories in Kenya. The questionnaire was pre-tested to ensure its validity and reliability. An aggregate Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.703 was obtained. Multiple linear regression and model was employed to determine the significance of the hypothesis. The findings revealed that product innovative strategies (β = 0.695, R=0.748, p<0.05) had a positive and significant relationship with performance of KTDA. The study recommends that stakeholders and interested parties in the industry should make policies that goes toward operationalizing product innovative strategies. The findings may be useful to the industry stakeholders in formulating product innovative strategies that will help improve their fortunes.
Analysis of household crop commercialization in Nigeria
Authors: Olanike Alawode Olubunmi , Lekan Makinde Olumuyiwa 
Published: February 2022

Nigeria is experiencing a gradual shift from subsistence to commercialized agriculture, thereby increasing involvement and activities at different nodes of agribusiness. Participation of farmers in markets is an important determinant of well-being and development, and one of the pathways towards economic growth. This study analysed household crop commercialization in Nigeria. The secondary data used were the General Household Survey (GHS, 2018) Wave 4. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, household crop commercialization index (HCCI) and ordered probit regression model.
Mean age of Nigerian farmers was 50.04 years (±15.22), majority (85.68%) were male, married (82.51%), and 72.14% had formal education. Farming is viable in all the geopolitical zones and majority (87.64%) of the farmers were from the rural sector, holding a mean total plot size of 12.61(±15.63) hectares, and planted 3 crops on the average. The most produced crop categories are cereals (46.75%), tubers (20.70%) and legumes (19.00%); legumes and cereals are highest in the North, and tubers in the South. Subsistence households were 32.81% (HCCI=0), only 1.71% of the households were fully commercial (HCCI=100), while semi-subsistence households (0≤HCCI≤100) constitute 65.48%. Years of education (p<0.05) and crop production in North East and North West zones (p<0.01) constrain commercialization, while at p<0.01, crop production in the rural sector and the South zones, and increased land holding are the drivers of household crop commercialization in Nigeria.
Nigerian farming households are mainly semi-subsistence and are diversified in crop production. Nigeria relies more on market participation of the semi-subsistence households, through their marketable surplus, to feed her teeming population and for exports. Further attention on rural infrastructure development in all geopolitical zones and awareness creation on producing market oriented products will increase agribusiness activities. This will generate green decent jobs that will take unemployed youths off the streets of urban centres. This is in tune with the economy diversification bid and the new Nigeria Economic Sustainability Plan of the Federal Government of Nigeria.
JEL CODE – Q13
situation of agricultural sector in Hungary – trends and territorial aspects
Authors: Molnárné Barna Katalin , Molnár Tamás , Koczor-Keul Melinda 
Published: February 2022

Based on its geographical features, Hungary is basically an agricultural country. The proportion of the production area within the total area of the country is approximately 80% and the proportion of arable land is 60%. This makes our country one of the first in the European Union. In the EU, only Denmark and the United Kingdom have a higher proportion of agricultural land. Hungary accounts for only 3% of the total agricultural area of ​​the EU-27 Member States, however, it plays a significant role in the production of certain products. (Harangi-Rákos, 2013)
In addition, the climate is favorable for agricultural production, which also strengthens the country's agricultural character. Throughout history, we have rightly been given the honorable name “pantry” (Marosi, 2009), which was true both within the Monarchy and Europe. In the socialist system the agricultural country became a so-called “industrial-agrarian” country due to the violent industrializations.
Beyond industrial development, the service sector plays an important role in the national economy due to its technology-intensive nature. In addition, agricultural production is still significant in Hungary (Lakner et al. 2020). The agricultural sector is significantly involved in the production of the gross domestic product (Fróna-Kőmíves 2019) and in the positive development of the export-import balance. During the 2008 world crisis, it was thanks to this sector, among other factors, that the recession that affected our country did not deepen. The domestic consumption is largely covered by domestically produced commodities (Csatáriné, 2019)
A Mesoarchean Large Igneous Province on the Eastern Kaapvaal Craton (Southern Africa) Confirmed by Metavolcanic Rocks from Kubuta, Eswatini
Authors: Schneider K. P. , Hoffmann J. E. , Kröner A. , Balduin A. , Sprung P. , Schleicher A. M. , Münker C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mesoarchean magmatism is widespread on the eastern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, but its origin is still poorly understood, mainly because geochemical data is rare. To shed some light on the source of this Mesoarchean magmatism and to relate different Mesoarchean volcanic sequences to each other, we provide major and trace element data as well as Hf-Nd isotope compositions of amphibolites sampled close to the Kubuta Ranch in south-central Eswatini. These amphibolites, so far, were of unknown correlation to any volcanic sequence in Eswatini or South Africa. Hence, the aim of our study is to characterize the mantle source composition of these volcanic rocks and, furthermore, to constrain their genetic relation to other volcanic sequences in Eswatini and South Africa. Our findings reveal that, based on coherent trace element patterns and similar Nd isotope characteristics, the Kubuta volcanic rocks can be genetically linked to the ca. 3.0 Ga Usushwana Igneous Complex in West-Central Eswatini and the ca. 2.9 Ga Hlagothi Complex located in the KwaZulu-Natal province. In contrast, the coeval ca. 3.0 Ga Nsuze and ca. 2.9 Ga Mozaan Groups (Pongola Supergroup) of south-central Eswatini and northern KwaZulu-Natal province have slightly enriched compositions compared to the newly sampled Kubuta volcanic rocks. Our results suggest that the Nsuze and Mozaan Groups were sourced from a primitive mantle reservoir, whereas the Usushwana, Hlagothi, and Kubuta mafic rocks were derived by melting of a more depleted mantle source comparable to that of modern depleted MORB. Furthermore, our assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC) calculations and Nd isotope constraints reveal that some samples were contaminated by the crust and that the crustal contaminants possibly represent felsic rocks related to the ca. 3.5 Ga crust-forming event in the Ancient Gneiss Complex. Alternatively, melting of a metasomatized mantle or plume-lithospheric mantle interaction may also produce the trace element and isotopic compositions observed in the samples. From a synthesis of our geochemical observations and age data from the literature, we propose a refined petrogenetic model, for a continental flood basalt setting in a Mesoarchean large igneous province on the eastern Kaapvaal Craton. Our petrogenetic model envisages two magma pulses sourced from a primitive mantle reservoir that led to the formation of the Nsuze (first) and Mozaan (second) lavas. Conductive heating of ambient depleted mantle by the mantle plumes caused partial melting that led to the formation of the Usushwana Igneous Complex associated with the first magmatic event (Nsuze) and the Hlagothi Igneous Complex associated with the second magmatic event (Mozaan). However, due to lacking age data of sufficient resolution, it is not possible to affiliate the Kubuta lavas to either the first or the second magmatic event.