bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Thiabendazole on Ethylene Production and Sensitivity to Ethylene of Bud Cut Flowers1
Authors: Apelbaum A. , Katchansky M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatment with thiabendzole [2-(4’ thiazolyl) -benzimidazole] decreased the peak rate of autocatalytic ethylene production in bud cut carnations by 43%, delayed the onset of that peak by 2 days, and delayed flower fading by 3 days as compared with flowers treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline. Flowers treated with thiabendazole were less sensitive to applied ethylene. Flower fading was delayed by 48 hr following exposure to 15 ppm ethylene for 24 hr compared with 8-hydroxyquinoline-treated flowers. Diminishing the ethylene factor in the flower tissue is proposed as a possible mode of action of thiabendazole in delaying senescence of cut flowers.
In Vitro Propagation of Episcia cupreata1
Authors: Johnson Becky B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unlike some gesneriads, such as gloxinia and Saintpaulia, where single plants are desired, a larger, more attractive mass of vegetation results when several Episcia plants per pot are used. This requires several cuttings per pot during propagation, increasing costs. An in vitro method for producing clusters of plants would thus be useful.
Cultural Factors Influencing Net Photosynthesis of Apple Trees1
Authors: Ferree D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The impact of environmental factors on the photosynthetic potential of tree fruits is largely uncontrollable, but one can affect photo synthetic efficiency through the manipulation of various cultural practices. Application of pesticides and other chemicals; tree size and shape; mineral nutrition; and pest damage are all important factors and should be carefully considered in maximizing net photosynthesis (Pn) and ultimate tree performance.
In Vitro Propagation of Sweet Potato1
Authors: Litz R. E. , Conover R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro propagation of 2 selections of white-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) was obtained on modified Murashige and Skoog media using lateral buds and shoot apices as primary explants. Cultivars differed in response to exogenous levels of growth substances and in rate of proliferation. Optimum shoot regeneration from ‘White Star’ explants was induced by 1 mg/liter benzyladenine (BA) and from Plant Introduction (PI) 315343 by 1 mg/liter kinetin with 1 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA).
Isolating Plant Germplasm With Altered Efficiencies in Mineral Nutrition1
Authors: Gabelman W. H. , Gerloff G. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants growing in nature provide a continuous array of biological efficiencies related to mineral nutrition. Nearly all of the temperate and tropical areas of the earth are covered with species adapted to the unique properties of particular soils. These properties may represent the extremes in element availability from very deficient to toxic levels and may be associated with wide ranges in pH.
Breeding Vegetables Tolerant to Environmental Stress
Authors: Stoner Allan K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
U. S. agriculture has an unmatched record for efficiently producing an abundance of high-quality, modestly priced food. At the 1971 ASHS meeting, and in subsequent articles, Wadleigh eloquently described the impact of agricultural research on the production of vegetables and other horticultural crops since 1920 (35, 36). Scientists of many disciplines have contributed to this success story, but much of the credit goes to plant breeders for the development of improved cultivars.
Synergistic Effects of High Temperature and Low Concentration Ethylene on Ripening of ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ Bananas1
Authors: Liu F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exposure to 40°C for 72 hours did not promote ripening of ¾ developed ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ bananas (Musa sp.) which had a preclimacteric period of >32 days at 21°. Bananas which were more advanced in physiological age and hence had a shorter preclimacteric period were more sensitive to heat. Twelve to 24 hours exposure to 40° promoted rapid ripening of bananas with an advanced physiological age. Treatment with 0.01 to 0.10 ppm ethylene at 40° created similar effects after shorter periods of exposure in comparison to the control. Internal ethylene was not increased by high temperature but was increased roughly 0.1 ppm by 0.1-ppm external ethylene treatment. Green bananas were more sensitive to ethylene at 40° than at 21°.
Susceptibility of Citrus Nursery Trees to Herbicides as Influenced by Rootstock and Scion Cultivar1
Authors: Castle William S. , Tucker D. P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relative susceptibility of ‘Ruby’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and ‘Valencia’ sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] nursery trees on 8 rootstocks to applications of 4 herbicides was evaluated. Significant differences in injury ratings were determined following application. The severity of tree foliage toxicity symptoms was independently related to each factor. Toxicity ratings were highest for bromacil-treated trees, while grapefruit trees on C. macrophylla Wester, and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blano) rootstocks showed the greatest phytotoxicity.
Relationship of Endogenous Flower Bud Abscisic Acid to Peach Chilling Requirements, Bloom Dates, and Applied Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Bowen H. H. , Derickson G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of total abscisic acid (ABA) in flower buds from 7 clones of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were measured on 4 sampling dates and compared with chilling requirements (CR) of these clones. In December the correlation coefficient between ABA content and CR was r = 0.89. ABA concentration increased with tree vigor. Fall-applied gibberellic acid (GA3) decreased ABA concentration in flower buds in December and delayed bloom the following spring.
Quackgrass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Low-statured Hybrid Blueberries1
Authors: Hertz Leonard B. , Wildung D. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several herbidices were evaluated over a 2-year period as early and late postemergence teratments applied to low-statured blueberry plants (Vaccinium angustifolium × V. corymbosum L.) growing in a low-organic matter soil in northern Minnesota. Good to excellent control of quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) was obtained with both terbacil [3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil] and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. The annual broadleaf weed complex was effectively controlled by simazine [2-chloro4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and terbacil. Glyphosate controlled quackgrass the most consistently. Terbacil, through root absorption, and glyphosate and paraquat [1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium ion], by foliage contact, injured the blueberry plant.
Influence of Primocane Inflorescence Removal on Number of Inflorescences and Suckers in ‘Heritage’ Red Raspberry1
Authors: Vasilakakis Miltiadis D. , Dana Malcolm N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Partial or complete removal of developing inflorescences from primocanes of ‘Heritage’ fall-bearing red raspberry had no effect on the number of inflorescences initiated. Inflorescence removal stimulated sucker initiation and increased fruit size.
Influence of Salinity Levels on Growth and Chemical Composition of Livistona chinensis1
Authors: McConnell D. B. , Joiner J. N. , Johnson C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of 0, 250, 1000, 3000, 5000, 7500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm solution of NaCl:MgCl2 in a 10:1 ratio was determined on Chinese fan palms [Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R Brown] grown in soil or nutrient solution. Plants grown in soil and drenched weekly with 10,000 ppm ceased growth within 2 months, while palms grown in nutrient solution exhibited a reduced growth rate with increasing salinity levels. Tissue analysis showed increased levels of Na and Mg in plant tissue with increased saline substrate levels, with highest Na and Mg tissue levels in fronds from container-grown palms.
‘Sparkleberry’ Holly1
Authors: Eisenbeiss Gene K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ilex (serrata ⨯ verticillata) ‘Sparkleberry ’, U.S. National Arboretum Accession No. 29739 and PI 378149, is a new introduction from the U.S. National Arboretum as part of its hybridizing program in Ilex for improved plants for landscape use (1). This selection is a large multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub with a handsome display of bright red fruit. Ilex X ‘Apollo’, a sibling staminate seedling was selected and named as a preferred pollinator for ‘Sparkleberry’.
The Potential Use of Weeds in the Manipulation of Beneficial Insects1
Authors: Altieri Miguel A. , Whitcomb W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Certain weed species play an important role in the biology of many beneficial insects. Relevant examples from the literature show that many weeds contribute to the population regulation of various insect pests of crucifer crops, beans and orchards. These examples emphasize the potential of weeds for implementing pest management systems. Although there is enough information concerning weed manipulation methods, there is a need for more formal research on how to encourage the presence of beneficial weeds in crop fields for the purpose of increasing entomophagous insect populations. Demonstration of improved biological control in weed diversified cropping systems represents the initial step toward improved pest management systems based on ecological principles.
Methods for Screening Snap Beans for Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes1
Authors: Wyatt J. E. , Fassuliotis George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method was developed to evaluate snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., for resistance to root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., which permits selected plants to survive, making either hybridizations or seed increase possible in the same generation. Nematode inoculum are added to commercial potting medium in greenhouse benches and snap beans are grown either in peat or clay pots filled with uninoculated soil and buried in the inoculated media. Roots protruding through holes in the bottom of the pots are evaluated for root gall and reproduction indices.
Effect of Trickle Irrigation on Peach Trees1
Authors: Reeder B. D. , Newman J. S. , Worthington J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redglobe) were trickle-irrigated at 3 rates using open pan evaporation as a basis for calculating theoretical irrigation needs from 1973-1976 beginning when trees were 6-years-old. Although above average rainfall was received about 65% of the time, trickle irrigation (1½ times theoretical needs) increased yield per tree, fruit size, number of fruit buds per tree, and trunk diameter over non-irrigated trees. Trickle irrigation at 1½ the calculated rate increased average yield per tree, fruit size, and trunk diameters over trees sprinkle-irrigated once before harvest.
Bitterness in Apple and Grape Wines1
Authors: Van Buren J. P. , Lee C. Y. , Way R. D. , Pools R. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pronounced bitterness found in some apple wines, such as from ‘Cortland’ but not ‘Mcintosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), is produced during the later stages of fermentation. Bitterness in grape wines is also related to cultivar and some grape parents show a tendency to yield progeny whose fruit makes bitter wine.
Elemental Composition of Red Raspberry Leaves as a Function of Time of Season and Position on Cane1
Authors: Hughes Megan , Chaplin M. H. , Dixon A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Meeker) were sampled every 2 weeks throughout the growing season at 7 different positions on the cane to determine the time and position of minimum leaf nutrient flux. During the last half of August, the 5th to 12th leaves from the terminal 15 cm of the primocane showed the least variation in nutrient concentrations.
The Effects of Defoliation and Pruning on Flower Bud Initiation and Differentiation in ‘Chico’ Walnut (Juglans regia L.)1
Authors: Ryugo Kay , Ramos David E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heading back of 2nd flush growth to basal buds on vigorous young trees at different times of the year indicated that buds were converted from a vegetative to a reproductive state within 4 weeks after they were formed at the shoot apex. Defoliation or defoliation plus etiolation of 7 terminal nodes in July did not deter the buds at these nodes from differentiating pistillate flowers for the next season. Pruning greatly accelerated the differentiation processes.
Bulbil Formation on Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White by Foliar Applications of PBA1
Authors: Nightingale Arthur E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of 6(Benzylamino), 9(2-tetrahydropyranyl), 9-H purine (PBA) to Easter lily induced large numbers of bulbils in leaf axils on above ground stems.
Deep Supercooling of Winter Flower Buds of Cornus florida L.1
Authors: Sakai Akira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differential thermal analysis on winter flower buds of Cornus florida revealed that numerous small low temperature exotherms occurred between -15 and -23° C. These exotherms resulted in the death of the winter bud florets. Only a single exotherm near -20° C was observed in individual florets. These observations indicate that the florets of the winter flower bud survive subfreezing by supercooling and that the temperature of the exotherms may be correlated with the minimum temperature occurring at the northern range of the species.
Photoperiodic Compartments for Undergraduate Horticulture Exercises1
Authors: Garber Melvin P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Photoperiodism is best studied through the use of live plant material in the laboratory so that students can observe a progression of developmental stages. This paper describes photoperiod compartments which are simple and easy to construct, inexpensive, and require only a modest amount of greenhouse bench space. The compartments can be used to demonstrate various photoperiod responses including flower initiation and development, pigment production, leaf fall, onset of dormancy, runnering, and the formation of underground food storage organs.
‘Oklamex Red’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Hsi David C. H. , Corgan Joe N. , Morrison Lou S. , Cordner H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oklamex Red’ is a new high yielding, “yam type” sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) with outstanding table and freezing quality, jointly developed and released by the Oklahoma and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Stations. This new cultivar, which was tested in Oklahoma, New Mexico and other states under the designation Oklahoma 64-59, is a table and market type similar to ‘Allgold,’ ‘Redgold’ and ‘Jewel.’
‘Velvaglo’ Apricot1
Authors: Bradt O. A. , Andersen E. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Velvaglo’ is a very attractive apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) ripening in the last week of July with ‘Goldcot’. It has moderate resistance to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas pruni (E. F. Smith) Dowson), brown rot (Monilinia fructi-cola (Wint.) Honey) and perennial canker (Leucostoma spp). It was introduced in 1978 as a later-ripening cultivar than ‘Harcot’, adapted to conditions of southern Ontario, Canada.
Conditions and Consequences of Lettuce Harvest Mechanization1
Authors: Friedland William H. , Barton Amy E. , Thomas Robert J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article projects the conditions under which the iceberg lettuce industry would make the transition to a mechanized harvest system and the social consequences of such a transition. Impediments to labor supply and increased production costs could spur a transition to mechanization. In addition to impacts on the character of the labor force and the impacts upon the communities surrounding lettuce production areas, labor force displacement could be as high as 87%.
Principal Component Analysis in Horticultural Research1
Authors: Broschat T. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Principal component analysis, a technique which reduces the dimensionality of multivariate data by removing intercorrelations among variables, has a number of potentially useful applications in horticultural research. It can be used to order multivariate commodity quality data in 1 or 2 orthogonal dimensions called principal components, which express most of the variance of the original data. Scores on these principal components can be used as an index of commodity quality to replace subjective visual quality ratings in conventional statistical analyses. Interpretation of the pattern of variable loadings on these principal components may aid in the elucidation of interactions among variables in the data. Plotting of multivariate data in 2 or 3 dimensional principal component space can be useful for displaying relationships among cultivars or species in taxonomic studies.
Levels of Total Azinphos-methyl Components on Pistachio Pericarp, Shell, and Kernel1
Authors: Archer Thomas E. , Gauer William O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) pericarp, shell and kernel were analyzed for levels of azinphos-methyl and its oxygen analog 21 days after application of 227 g (0.56 kg/ha) and 454 g (1.12 kg/ha) active ingredient/379 liters (100 gal) applied at the rate of 1136 liters (300 gal)/0.405 ha with an airblast sprayer. Levels of chemical ranged from 0.8 to 11.6 ppm in the pericarp and only negligible levels were detected in the shell and kernel. Hull split ranged from 4.4 to 17.2%. Method sensitivity was 0.1 ppm and recoveries ranged from 80 to 100%.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Waters Will E. , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The uncertainty of continuous supplies and the rapid increase in fossil fuel costs in recent years are serious threats to the nation’s greenhouse industry, especially in northern climates. Temporary fuel shortages for only a few hours during cold weather will destroy many greenhouse crops and bring immediate economic disaster to the individual independent operator. Costs have skyrocketed, and even in the relatively warm state of Florida, greenhouse operators using oil have experienced over 500% cost increases in the past 5 years and are spending as much as $25,000 per ha ($10,000 per acre) for fuel. Continued cost increases could bring about a major shift in the geographical location of greenhouse and related horticulutral industries from northern locations to the southern latitudes of the U.S., or even into the subtropical and tropical regions of the Caribbean area and Central and South America.
Colorimetric Determination of Carbon Dioxide for Respiration Studies1
Authors: Pratt Harlan K. , Mendoza D. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A simplified colorimetric method for CO2 is presented based on use of the readily available Spectronic 20 spectrophotometer. An air stream is bubbled through a bicarbonate solution containing the pH-sensitive dye, bromthymol blue, and the percent CO2 is determined from the percent transmission of light at 615 nm.
Increased Production of Ethylene by Plant Tissues Treated with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid1
Authors: Cameron A. C. , Fenton C. A. L. , Yu Y. , Adams D. O. , Yang S. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene production of tissues excised from root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, and fruit of 16 plant species greatly increased following the application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylic acid (ACC), an intermediate in the conversion of methionine to ethylene. Treatment with 1 mM ACC invariably increased the rate of ethylene production 10 to 1000 times over controls, whereas methionine at the same concentration was ineffective. Treatment with 0.1 mM ACC consistently increased ethylene production in all of the tissues tested, although only a few tissues responded to 0.01 mM.
Identification and Correction of Copper Deficiency of Aglaonema commutatum ‘Fransher’1
Authors: Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf distortion of Aglaonema commutatum Schott ‘Fransher’ has been a common occurrence in commercial nurseries of Florida and elsewhere. New leaves arising from the apex were distorted, dwarfed and sometimes less than 4 cm long and 1 cm wide as opposed to normal leaves 20 cm long and 4 cm wide. Leaves sometimes had a slight curved, or hooked, appearance and edges rolled upward toward the center. Applications of copper (Cu) as a spray or drench reduced or eliminated leaf distortion.
‘Elizabeth’ Magnolia1
Authors: Koerting Lola E. , Specht Carl , Tim Stephen K-M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Magnolia × ‘Elizabeth’, named in honor of Elizabeth Van Brunt, is a new hybrid, originally identified as no. 391 by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. It was granted U.S. Plant Patent No. 4145 on November 8, 1977. The original tree, now 21 years old and 6 m in height, is deciduous and hardy at the Kitchawan Research Station, Ossining, New York (Zone 5-6) (6). It has also been planted at several research stations and arboreta from Zone 4-9. The uniform yellow coloration of the long and tapering flowers, plus the desirable pyramidal form are exceptional qualities of this ornamental tree (Fig. 1).
Production Costs for 10 cm and 15 cm Potted Chrysanthemums1
Authors: Otte J. A. , Harbaugh B. K. , Wilfret G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Costs for growing 10 cm and 15 cm potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramet.) under shade cloth on capillary mats in Florida were estimated to be $0.42 and $1.52 per plant, respectively. If 10 cm and 15 cm potted chrysanthemums wholesale at $0.60 and $2.00 per plant, respectively, annual return above growing costs from a 2 ha structure would be $37, 514 and $13, 667 for 10 cm and 15 cm plants, respectively. Growers would need to wholesale 15 cm pot chrysanthemums at about $2.25 to equal annual return from 10 cm plants.
Pricing Chrysanthemums Forced in 10 cm Pots in Florida Mass Markets1
Authors: Harbaugh B. K. , Otte J. A. , Wilfret G. J. , Strain J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Jackpot) forced in 10 cm pots were test marketed for 8 days through a mass market outlet at prices ranging from $1.87 to $0.87 per plant. At low retail prices, consumers bought sufficiently more plants to partially or totally offset reduced retailer’s return per plant. At $0.60 wholesale, retailer’s gross margins were $10.10, $25.41, $36.92, and $32.94 at retail prices of $1.87, $1.37, $1.12, and $0.87, respectively.
Effect of Storage Temperature on Cut Flowers of Ranunculus asiaticus L.1
Authors: Natarella N. J. , Kays S. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postharvest life of cut Ranunculus asiaticus flowers was substantially extended with low temperature storage; 0° and 5°C were superior to higher temperatures. Extended storage duration, however, increased the rate at which floral senescence occurred upon removal from cold storage.
In Vitro Propagation of Cephalotus follicularis (Australian Pitcher Plant)1
Authors: Adams Richard M. , Koenigsberg Steve S. , Langhans R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid clonal multiplication of Cephalotus follicularis Labill. was achieved on 1/2 strength Linsmaier-Skoog medium with 30 g/liter sucrose and 8 g/liter agar. Shoot tip cultures were started on a medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/iiter indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 1.0 mg/liter benzyl adenine (BA), which best stimulated growth, and kept in darkness the first 6 weeks. After 2 more months in constant light they were subcultured to a medium with 0.1 mg/liter naphtahaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg/liter BA that induced rapid proliferation. A 5-10 fold increase in plant material was achieved after each subculture.