bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on decay‐like fracture of 500 kV composite insulators: Infrared, ultraviolet and electric field distribution detection
Authors: Zhang Zhijin , Pang Guohui , Lu Ming , Gao Chao , Jiang Xingliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe power outage caused by decay‐like fracture of composite insulators significantly impacts the power grid. In this paper, a decay‐like fractured insulator of 500 kV transmission line is taken as a research object. The detailed observation of core rod and silicone rubber housings, discharge results, temperature rises, and electric field distribution are obtained. (a) The fractured insulator has abnormal heating on the exposed core rod and sheath surface, and the ambient temperature and humidity significantly influence the temperature rise. (b) It is proposed that one of the most obvious characteristics of decay‐like insulator is abnormal temperature and temperature rise (such as T > 50°C, ΔT > 30 K). (c) Under the same conditions, temperature rises, electrical discharge, and electrical field strength of decay‐like insulator are higher than those of other insulators, and the discharge at the bare core rod is intense. (d) The electric field strength distribution and discharge distribution of decay‐like insulator are different from other aging and new insulators. However, the measurement results are significantly affected by test conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the composite insulators are decay‐like using electric field distribution and UV measurement on site.
Influence of torsion on icing process of transmission lines
Authors: Han Xingbo , Sun Peng , Xing Bin , Wang Jie , Jiang Xingliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIcing threatens the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. Accurate prediction of the icing process of conductor can help the work of anti‐icing and disaster reduction of transmission lines. Generally, the icing of conductor is accompanied by the torsion process of conductor. Because of the interaction of conductor torsion and icing, there is a big difference of the icing shape and rate between different positions on a transmission line. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical calculation of conductor icing, a dynamic numerical calculation model of conductor icing torsion is established based on hydrodynamics and basic mechanics in this paper. Comprehensively, the model takes the effects of torsion angle and torsion icing shape on the icing process into consideration, including the effects on airflow filed and trajectories of water droplets in the air. Through the simulation, the change law of the torsion angle at different positions of the conductor, the influence characteristics of the conductor torsion on the icing process, and the differences of the icing torsion of conductor under different environmental parameters are analysed. The results show that, compared with the condition without torsion, the collision range of water droplets on the conductor is larger under the torsion condition, the average value of collision efficiency β1 is higher, and the icing rate is faster. The larger the wind velocity and the median volume diameter of water droplets in the air, the faster the conductor icing torsion development.
Agile roadmap for application‐driven Multi‐UAV networks: The case of COVID‐19
Authors: Abouzaid Laila , Elbiaze Halima , Sabir Essaid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrones, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are about to bring drastic transformations to our world and daily lives. News thinking and efficient deployment are required to boost the adoption of UAV‐augmented commercial/civil applications. Yet, network service providers are still facing several design challenges of UAV‐assisted application, due to lack of a roadmap allowing to meet the target service level agreement requirements. In this paper, we propose a complete framework for the UAV as a service paradigm, integrating all the actors/stakeholders contributing to the UAV‐augmented service, and draw their interactions using data/service/money flows. Next, we instantiate our framework on the COVID‐19‐like pandemics, and discuss how to use it force social distancing, spray disinfectants, broadcast messages, deliver medical supplies and enhance surveillance. Computer simulation provide insights on how to set the multi‐UAV network to combat COVID‐19.
Grid‐connected operation and control of single‐phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter for distributed power generation
Authors: Tayyab Mohammad , Sarwar Adil , Murshid Shadab , Tariq Mohd , Urooj Shabana , Khan Baseem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent times, multilevel inverters (MLIs) are gaining popularity for grid integration of distributed power generation sources. In this paper, a proportional‐resonant (PR) controller based on current control logic is proposed for a single‐phase eleven‐level inverter topology, enabling the integration of distributed power generation sources into the grid. The presented topology utilizes eight two‐quadrant switches and three dc sources to produce an eleven‐level output voltage. The level‐shifted pulse width modulation (LS‐PWM) scheme is used for providing switching signals to the inverter under grid‐connected operation. Simulation and real‐time results are presented for the eleven‐level inverter to validate the presented current control logic under the grid‐connected mode of operation. The hardware‐in‐loop emulator (Typhoon HIL‐402) is used for taking real‐time results of the presented grid‐connected topology. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the eleven‐level inverter voltage and grid current is 12.10% and 0.46%, respectively. The efficiency of the inverter while supplying 2 kW active power to the grid is 98.4%.
Two‐phase BESS optimization methodology to enhance the distribution network power quality and mitigate violations
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed A. Raouf , Best Robert J. , Liu Xueqin , Morrow D. John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a two‐phase optimization methodology to optimally dispatch the active/reactive power of battery energy storage systems (BESS) installed on the medium voltage distribution network to manage the violations and enhance the power quality and security. The first phase is look‐ahead scheduling that aims to flatten the grid power curve and optimize the network power factor over the scheduling horizon using forecasted demand and generation. The second phase is a real‐time model predictive control (MPC) introduced to adjust the BESS real power setpoints against network violations due to high uncertainties associated with the renewable generation and low carbon technologies as well as other unexpected events. Simulations were carried out for an actual 11 kV, 53‐node distribution network located in Northern Ireland for two case studies representing the winter and summer. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in enhancing the network operation through optimizing the power factor, reducing line losses, and mitigating stresses. Sudden over/under voltage events were solved through the real‐time phase efficiently without affecting the power factor or the line losses in a fast manner with a computation time of 0.52 s/time‐point which makes it suitable for real‐time control implementation.
Investigating the accuracy achievable in reconstructing the angular sizes of stars through stellar intensity interferometry observations
Authors: Fiori M. , Naletto G. , Zampieri L. , Martínez I. Jiménez , Wunderlich C. 
Published: August 2022

Context. In recent years, stellar intensity interferometry has seen renewed interest from the astronomical community because it can be efficiently applied to Cherenkov telescope arrays.
Aims. We have investigated the accuracy that can be achieved in reconstructing stellar sizes by fitting the visibility curve measured on the ground. The large number of expected available astronomical targets, the limited number of nights in a year, and the likely presence of multiple baselines will require careful planning of the observational strategy to maximise the scientific output.
Methods. We studied the trend of the error on the estimated angular size, considering the uniform disk model, by varying several parameters related to the observations, such as the total number of measurements, the integration time, the signal-to-noise ratio, and different positions along the baseline.
Results. We found that measuring the value of the zero-baseline correlation is essential to obtain the best possible results. Systems that can measure this value directly or for which it is known in advance will have better sensitivity. We also found that to minimise the integration time, it is sufficient to obtain a second measurement at a baseline half-way between 0 and that corresponding to the first zero of the visibility function. This function does not have to be measured at multiple positions. Finally, we obtained some analytical expressions that can be used under specific conditions to determine the accuracy that can be achieved in reconstructing the angular size of a star in advance. This is useful to optimise the observation schedule.
Serum Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Levels in Patients with
COVID-19: Relationships with Poor Outcome and Mortality
Authors: Díez Juan J. , Iglesias Pedro , García Agustín , Martín-Casasempere Ignacio , Bernabéu-Andréu Francisco A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this retrospective study to assess the impact of serum corrected calcium
(CorrCa), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) levels, all adult patients with
laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized during 2020 were included. Poor
outcome was considered in patients who presented need for mechanical
ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or in-hospital mortality. We
analyzed 2473 patients (956 females) aged (mean±SD) 63.4±15.9
years. During admission, 169 patients (6.8%) required mechanical
ventilation, 205 (8.3%) were admitted to the ICU, and 270
(10.9%) died. Composite variable of poor outcome, defined as need for
mechanical ventilation, ICU admission or death, was present in 434
(17.5%) patients. In univariate analysis, the need for mechanical
ventilation was positively related to Mg levels (OR 8.37, 95% CI
3.62–19.33; p<0.001); ICU admission was related to CorrCa (OR
0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.99; p=0.049) and Mg levels (OR 5.81,
95% CI 2.74–12.35; p<0.001); and in-hospital mortality
was related to CorrCa (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.14–2.64;
p=0.011). The composite variable of poor outcome was only related to Mg
(OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.54–4.68; p=0.001). However, in
multivariate analysis only CorrCa was significantly related to the need for
mechanical ventilation (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.72;
p=0.014) and ICU admission (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09–0.66;
p=0.005), but not with in-hospital mortality or the composite variable.
In conclusion, CorrCa can be used as a simple and reliable marker of poor
outcome in patients with COVID-19, although not to predict the risk of
in-hospital mortality.
Minimal water exchange by the air–water valve versus left colon water exchange in unsedated colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Cenqin , Zheng Shuhao , Gao Hui , Yuan Xin , Zhang Zhixin , Xie Jiarong , Yu Chaohui , Xu Lei 
Published: August 2022

Background Water exchange colonoscopy is the least painful method for unsedated colonoscopies. Simplified left colon water exchange (LWE) reduces the cecal intubation time but it is difficult to avoid the use of an additional pump. Minimal water exchange (MWE) is an improved novel method that eliminates the need for pumps, but it is not clear whether MWE has the same efficiency as LWE.
Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial conducted in a tertiary hospital. Enrolled patients were randomized 1:1 to the LWE group or MWE group. The primary outcome was recalled insertion pain measured by a 4-point verbal rating scale. Secondary outcomes included adenoma detection rate (ADR), cecal intubation time, volume of water used, and patient willingness to repeat unsedated colonoscopy.
Results 226 patients were included (LWE n = 113, MWE n = 113). The MWE method showed noninferior moderate/severe pain rates compared with the LWE method (10.6 % vs. 9.7 %), with a difference of 0.9 percentage points (99 % confidence interval [CI] –9.5 to 11.3; threshold, 15 %). ADR, cecal intubation time, and willingness to repeat unsedated colonoscopy were not significantly different between the two groups, but the mean volume of water used was significantly less with MWE than with LWE (163.7 mL vs. 407.2 mL; 99 %CI –298.28 to –188.69).
Conclusion Compared with LWE, MWE demonstrated a noninferior outcome for insertion pain, and comparable cecal intubation time and ADR, but reduced the volume of water used and eliminated the need for a water pump.
Indian Data on HER2 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Invasive Breast Cancer with Immunohistochemically Equivocal Results As Per 2018 ASCO/CAP Guidelines
Authors: Nagarjun B. R. , Parikh Biren , Patel Manaswi Nareshkumar , Trivedi Pina J. , Patel Dharmesh M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Hormonal status and HER2 expression are valuable biomarkers and dictate the management of the patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (IBC). It is crucial to identify the patients who truly respond to anti-HER2 targeted therapy. Updated 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines has recommended certain modifications in HER2 interpretation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with concomitant immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Objectives We aimed to evaluate HER2 FISH interpretation in IBC with equivocal IHC results as per 2018 ASCO/CAP recommendations and compare FISH results with hormonal receptor status.
Materials and Methods FISH results of 502 cases of IBC with equivocal IHC report between January 2016 to January 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. FISH results were categorized according to ASCO/CAP guidelines 2018 into five respective groups.
Results FISH testing in IHC equivocal cases showed 219 (43.6%) cases were classic amplified (positive) belonged to group 1, 217(43.2%) cases were classic nonamplified (negative) fell into group 5, 39 (7.8%) and 02 (0.4%) patients were in group 2 (negative) and group 3 (positive), and 25 (5.0%) cases were in group 4 (negative). About 52.1 and 49.3% of cases with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity were reported as HER2 positive. Among 502 cases, 25 equivocal cases according to the 2013 guidelines were redefined as HER2 negative and 02 (0.4%) cases reported positive were classified negative as per updated 2018 guidelines.
Conclusion Revised 2018 guidelines is helpful in accurate identification of HER2 status and in avoiding targeted therapy in unwarranted cases. Updated 2018 guidelines has removed equivocal HER2-FISH category that has eliminated management dilemma in these cases. Only long-term clinical follow-up will establish the validity of the updated guidelines.
Realised volatility and industry momentum returns
Authors: Chen Xiaoyue , Li Bin , Worthington Andrew C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMotivated by the importance of industry volatility and the profitability of industry momentum strategy, this study investigates the relationship between realised volatility and industry momentum returns. The analysis uses daily return data for 48 US industries from July 1969 to June 2021 to calculate realised volatility and to gauge the raw return effect on short- and medium-horizon double-sort momentum-trading strategies. The findings show that past volatility positively relates to industry momentum and that this relationship is stronger after controlling for common risk factors (market, size, value, investment, and profitability). Decomposing the realised total volatility into idiosyncratic and systematic components, this study reveals that both decomposed components are positively related to industry momentum returns. The findings are robust to alternative measures of volatility.
Precise equilibrium structures of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazoles (C2H3N3) by millimeter-wave spectroscopy
Authors: Zdanovskaia Maria A. , Esselman Brian J. , Kougias Samuel M. , Amberger Brent K. , Stanton John F. , Woods R. Claude , McMahon Robert J. 
Published: August 2022

The 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazoles are isomeric five-membered ring, aromatic heterocycles that may undergo chemical equilibration by virtue of intramolecular hydrogen migration (tautomerization). Using millimeter-wave spectroscopy in the 130–375 GHz frequency range, we measured the spectroscopic constants for thirteen 1H-1,2,3-triazole and sixteen 2H-1,2,3-triazole isotopologues. Herein, we provide highly accurate and highly precise semi-experimental equilibrium (reSE) structures for the two tautomers based on the spectroscopic constants of each set of isotopologues, together with vibration–rotation interaction and electron-mass distribution corrections calculated using coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples calculations [CCSD(T)/cc-pCVTZ]. The resultant structures are compared with a “best theoretical estimate” (BTE), which has recently been shown to be in exceptional agreement with the semi-experimental equilibrium structures of other aromatic molecules. Bond distances of the 1H tautomer are determined to &lt;0.0008 Å and bond angles to &lt;0.2°. For the 2H tautomer, bond angles are also determined to &lt;0.2°, but bond distances are less precise (2σ ≤ 0.0015). Agreement between BTE and reSE values is discussed.
Demonstration of MOCVD-grown BGaN with over 10% boron composition
Authors: AlQatari Feras , Liao Che-Hao , Li Xiaohang 
Published: August 2022

BGaN is an emerging ultrawide bandgap semiconductor with important applications ranging from power electronics to ultraviolet light emitters. To date, BGaN boron composition has been limited to &lt;10% in the wurtzite phase. Herein, a 200 nm thick high quality mixed-phase BGaN film was grown via horizontal–reactor metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with boron composition exceeding 10%. The growth was performed under low temperature and pressure conditions of 600 °C and 75 Torr, respectively, with a growth rate of 0.29 µm/h. Triethylborane and triethylgallium were used as the source gases for boron and gallium, respectively. Pure nitrogen gas was used as the carrier for all reactants. A root mean square roughness value of 2.56 nm was determined using an atomic force microscopy scan on an area of 5 × 5 µm2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) 2θ–ω scans show a nearly lattice-matched BGaN/AlN film corresponding to a boron composition of ∼10%. A mixed wurtzite and zincblende phase was confirmed via an XRD pole figure and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the high crystalline quality of the mixed (002)wz/(111)ZB planes was shown using an XRD rocking curve with 810 arcsec full width at half maximum. The boron composition was precisely measured as 15% using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with nuclear reaction analysis.
Register variation across text lengths
Authors: Liimatta Aatu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores variation in lexico-grammatical register features across text lengths in a large-scale sample of Reddit comments. Very short texts are known to be problematic for many statistical methods, so understanding their nature is important for the corpus-linguistic study of social media, where most contributions are short. I show that the frequencies of linguistic features change with comment length, even between longer comments, although longer texts are often considered similar in statistical terms. Moreover, I classify the variation found between short comments of different lengths into two main patterns, although other patterns can also be found, and there is variation even within these patterns. Furthermore, I interpret the observed differences in terms of register variation. For example, shorter comments appear to be more casual and less edited in terms of their feature makeup, whereas narrative and informational registers seem to favor longer comments.
A fake instability in string inflation
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Guidetti Veronica , Muia Francesco , Pedro Francisco G , Vacca Gian Paolo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In type IIB fibre inflation models the inflation is a Kähler modulus which is kinetically coupled to the corresponding axion. In this setup the curvature of the field space induces tachyonic isocurvature perturbations normal to the background inflationary trajectory. However we argue that the associated instability is unphysical since it is due to the use of ill-defined entropy variables. In fact, upon using the correct relative entropy perturbation, we show that in fibre inflation axionic isocurvature perturbations decay during inflation and the dynamics is essentially single-field.
Photo-induced image current
Authors: Koksal K , Celik F A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the possibility of generation of photo-induced image currents at a distance from the surface of nano-sized metal clusters by using the time-dependent perturbation theory. We reveal that the wave function of an electron excited to the image state is localized outside the surface and the current flows in a spherical shell whose radius is a few times the radius of the sphere. Circularly polarized light has been applied to a perfect icosahedral metal cluster Li13 whose optimization is achieved by molecular dynamic simulation and band structure is obtained by the DFT method and by the solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. To the best of our knowledge, despite the great effort put into determining their characteristics, image electrons have not been the subject of studies on photo-induced current.
Molecular transistors as substitutes for quantum information applications
Authors: Dhingra Archit , Hu Xuedong , Borunda Mario F , Johnson Joseph F , Binek Christian , Bird Jonathan , N’Diaye Alpha T , Sutter Jean-Pascal , Delahaye Emilie , Switzer Eric D , Barco Enrique del , Rahman Talat S , Dowben Peter A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Applications of quantum information science (QIS) generally rely on the generation and manipulation of qubits. Still, there are ways to envision a device with a continuous readout, but without the entangled states. This concise perspective includes a discussion on an alternative to the qubit, namely the solid-state version of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer, in which the local moments and spin polarization replace light polarization. In this context, we provide some insights into the mathematics that dictates the fundamental working principles of quantum information processes that involve molecular systems with large magnetic anisotropy. Transistors based on such systems lead to the possibility of fabricating logic gates that do not require entangled states. Furthermore, some novel approaches, worthy of some consideration, exist to address the issues pertaining to the scalability of quantum devices, but face the challenge of finding the suitable materials for desired functionality that resemble what is sought from QIS devices.