bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphone usage before and after Covid-19: a comparative study based on objective recording of usage data
Authors: Chemnad Khansa , Alshakhsi Sameha , Almourad Mohamed Basel , Altuwairiqi Majid , Phalp Keith , Ali Raian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Most studies that claimed changes in smartphone usage during COVID-19 were based on self-reported usage data, e.g. collected through a questionnaire. These studies were also limited to reporting the overall smartphone usage, with no detailed investigation of distinct types of apps. The current study investigates smartphone usage before and after COVID-19. Our study uses a dataset from a smartphone app that objectively logs users' activities, including apps accessed and each app session's start and end time. These were collected during two periods: pre-COVID-19 (161 individuals with 77 females) and during COVID-19 (251 individuals with 159 females). We report on the top 15 apps used in both periods. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the inferential analysis. The results revealed that time spent on the smartphone has increased since COVID-19. Emerging adults were found to spend more time on the smartphone compared to adults during both periods. The time spent on social media apps has increased since COVID-19. Females were found to spend more time on social media than males. Females were also found to be more likely to launch social media apps than males. There has been an increase in the number of people who use gaming apps since the pandemic. Value: The use of objectively collected data is a methodological strength of our study. We draw parallels on the usage of smartphone with contexts similar to COVID-19 period, especially concerning limitation on social gathering, including working from home for extended periods. Our dataset is made available to other researchers for benchmarking and future comparisons.
Stillbirth and Its Association with Early rupture of Membranes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yezengaw Telksew Yelma , Dingeta Tariku , Assebe Tesfaye , Tusa Biruk Shalmeno 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Stillbirth rate is an important indicator of access to quality antenatal and delivery care services. Many previous pocket studies were conducted to assess the magnitude of stillbirth and its association with premature rupture of membrane. However, the level of stillbirth, as well as its relationship with premature rupture of membrane (PROM), varies from study to study. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of stillbirth and its association with the early rupture of membranes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Method
Electronic databases such as PubMed Central PMC, Cochrane library, Medline via Virtual Health Library (VHL), HINARI (Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative) portal, and Google scholar were used for searching for original articles. The heterogeneity of the studies was checked by I-squared statistics. A Random-effects method was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence of stillbirth and the effect size of the early rupture of membranes in sub-Saharan Africa. Subgroup analysis was performed based on region (East, West, Central, and Southern Africa) and year of study (before 2015 and after 2015). A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test was used to see publication bias.
Result
Pooled prevalence of stillbirth in sub-Saharan Africa was 6.4% (95% CI: 5.5–7.3). In sub-group analysis, Southern African regions had a higher stillbirth prevalence and the western African regions had a lower than East and Southern Africa. The prevalence of stillbirth in the region is increased from 4.1% (95% CI: 2.2–6.0) before 2015 to 7.1% (95% CI: 5.8–8.3) after 2015. The pooled odds ratio results from seven studies showed the non-significant effect of early rupture of membrane on stillbirth (pooled OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.26–2.82). According to the regression test (Egger test), there was no small study effects or publication bias (P = 0.108).
Conclusions
The pooled prevalence of stillbirth in sub-Saharan Africa was relativity high. The analysis establishes the minimal effects of early rupture of membrane on stillbirth. Therefore, we recommend that strengthening the testing intervention is crucial to reduce the still relatively high stillbirths.
Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the stress response in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) subjected to drought-stress.
Authors: Gundaraniya Srutiben A. , Ambalam Padma , Budhwar Roli , Padhiyar Shital M. , Tomar Rukam Singh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is one of the valuable oilseed crops grown in drought-prone areas worldwide. Drought seriously limits peanut production and productivitysignificantly.
Method and Results: In order to decipher the drought tolerance mechanism in peanut under drought stress, RNA sequencing was performed in TAG -24 (drought tolerant genotype) and JL-24 (drought susceptible genotype). Approximately 51 million raw reads were generated from four different libraries of two genotypes subjected to drought stress exerted by 20% PEG 6000 stress and control conditions, of which ~41 million (80.87%) filtered reads were mapped to the Arachis hypogaea L. reference genome. The transcriptome analysis detected 1,629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 186 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) and 30,199 SSR among the identified DEGs. The comparative analysis between the two genotypes revealed higher and integral tolerance in TAG-24 through activation of key genes involved in, plant hormone signaling pathway, ABA, LEA protein, and oxidative damage.
Conclusion: This genome wide transcription map therefore provides a valuable tool for future transcript profiling under drought stress and enriches the genetic resources available for this important oilseed crop.
Psychological distress and its relationship to orthodontic emergencies in orthodontic patients during the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yang Li'an , Choi Yuhsin , Zhang Shuting , Li Wa , Liu Kai , Tang Pei , Wu Jianyong , Yang Xin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress among orthodontic patients and its relationship to orthodontic emergencies related to different appliances during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey involving orthodontic patients in Shanghai, China. Data collection occurred from May 15 to June 1 2022. The demographic information and orthodontic emergencies were collected, while the peritraumatic distress symptoms were assessed by the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software.
Results: A total of 480 patients were examined, including 331 fixed appliance patients, 131 clear aligner patients and 18 removable appliance patients. Patients who encountered emergencies and suffered from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain reported significantly higher CPDI scores in each group (p<0.01). Multivariate linear analysis showed that patients aged above 18 years old (p<0.01), emergencies in fixed appliance patients (p<0.05), emergencies among clear aligner patients (p<0.01), and higher TMJ-pain scores were significantly associated with increasing CPDI scores.
Conclusions: Orthodontic patients encountered emergencies, especially those who suffered from TMJ pain and were at higher risk of psychological distress related to COVID-19; thus, targeted intervention and self-management guidelines should be designed to relieve anxiety and strengthen coping capacity for orthodontic patients during the pandemic.
Enhancing Mental and Physical Health of Women through Engagement and Retention (EMPOWER) 2.0 QUERI: Study protocol for a cluster-randomized hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial
Authors: Hamilton Alison B. , Finley Erin , Bean-Mayberry Bevanne , Lang Ariel , Haskell Sally , Moin Tannaz , Farmer Melissa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Women Veterans are the fastest-growing segment of Veterans Health Administration (VA) users. The VA has invested heavily in delivering care for women Veterans that is effective, comprehensive, and gender-tailored. However, gender disparities persist in cardiovascular (CV) and diabetes risk factor control, and the rate of perinatal depression among women Veterans is higher than that among civilian women. Challenges such as distance, rurality, negative perception of VA, discrimination (e.g., toward sexual and/or gender minority individuals), and harassment on VA grounds can further impede women’s regular use of VA care. Enhancing Mental and Physical Health of Women through Engagement and Retention (EMPOWER) 2.0 builds on work to date by expanding access to evidence-based, telehealth preventive and mental health services for women Veterans with high-priority health conditions in rural and urban-isolation areas.
Methods: EMPOWER 2.0 will evaluate two implementation strategies, Replicating Effective Practices (REP) and Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI), in supporting implementation and sustainment of three evidence-based interventions (Virtual Diabetes Prevention Program; Telephone Lifestyle Coaching Program; and Reach Out, Stay Strong Essentials) focused on preventive and mental health care for women Veterans. We will conduct a mixed-methods implementation evaluation using a cluster-randomized hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation trial design to compare the effectiveness of REP and EBQI on improved access to and rates of engagement in telehealth preventive lifestyle and mental health services. Other outcomes of interest include (a) VA performance metrics for telehealth care delivery and related clinical outcomes; (b) progression along the Stages of Implementation Completion; (c) adaptation, sensemaking, and experiences of implementation among multilevel stakeholders; and (d) cost and return on investment. We will also generate implementation playbooks for program partners to support scale-up and spread of these and future evidence-based women’s health programs and policies.
Discussion:EMPOWER 2.0 provides a model for mixed-method hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation trial design incorporating evaluation of performance metrics, implementation progress, stakeholder experience, and cost and return on investment, with the ultimate goal of improving access to evidence-based preventive and mental telehealth services for women Veterans with high-priority health conditions.
Trial registration: NCT05050266 (Clinicaltrials.gov). Registered 20 September 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05050266
Quadruplet expanded DNA (QED) genetic code for eukaryotic cells**
Authors: Singh Rama Shankar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
QED genetic code for eukaryote cells is developed by analyzing triplet gene encoding and overcoming the lack of transcription and splicing regulations. While verifying the triplet genetic code, Nobel laureate H.G. Khorana had trouble synthesizing self-complementarity forming Poly r-dinucleotides adjacent bases, not promoting polypeptide formation, a noncoding. The QED noncoding codon has a similar trait. Here, the QED codon is assumed to comprise all four DNA bases (T, C, A, and G); the code is position-independent and symmetric. The self-complementarity forming adjacent bases (AU) and (C G) with any two NN (N any T, C, A, and G) bases are noncoding. Four DNA bases arranged in a 4x4 square symmetric matrix yield ten independent elements, which set in a 10x10 square symmetric matrix yield 75 independent elements. Under QED assumptions, 75 quadruplets fall into two groups: 20 independent protein-encoding codons and 35 independent noncoding codons applicable to regulating and controlling synthesis, transcription, and splicing processes. Since gene variants lead to dysfunctional protein-causing diseases, steps to correct dysfunctional proteins are described, anticipating a strategy for developing cures for rare diseases and multigenic cancers.
Pathological features of the liver after cure of hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome caused by Tusanqi: Two case reports
Authors: Tan Youwen , He Cong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The pathological features of the liver after the clinical cure of hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome caused by Tusanqi have not been described. In this report, we detail the histological manifestations of the liver in two cases.We observed the pathological characteristics of two PA-HSOS patients who were clinically cured after anticoagulant treatment. Slight inflammation and necrosis, hepatic sinus dilatation, perisinusoidal and intrasinusoidal fibrosis, and central venous embolism can still occur; however, there is no reason to believe that these pathological characteristics are the supporting basis for continuing anticoagulant treatment.
Paravascular Vitreous Adhesions in Patients with Myopia Under 30 Years by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: She Xiangjun , Xie Jin , Yao Wangjing , Liang Zhi , Chen Siping , Huang Gongyu , Zhou Congying , Tao Jiwei , Wu Sulan , Mao Jianbo , Chen Yiqi , Zhang Yun , Shen Lijun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To present the characteristics of paravascular vitreous adhesions in patients with myopia under 30 years by SS-OCT.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. One eye of each subject was enrolled in the study, and the paravascular, macular and optic disc regions were scanned by SS-OCT.The PVA was classified to 4 degrees, Grade 1: No visible separation. Grade2: A slit structure visible, Grade 3: Distinguished separation, but remains to the retina. Grade 4: Complete separation. The degree of macular posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), location of vitreoschisis and presence of granular hyper reflection structure were evaluated and compared within high myopic groups using SPSS.
Results: A total of 31 highly myopic eyes and 78 non-highly myopic eyes were enrolled from 5 to 29 years. The varying degrees of PVA in the superior and inferior vascular arch was 29.9% (32), 19.6% (21), 27.1%(29) and 23.4%(25) and 28.6%(30), 17.1%(18), 23.8%(25) and 30.5%(32) separately for 1 to 4 degree of PVA. The degrees of PVA were higher in patients with high myopia than in normal people (P< 0.01). A higher degree of PVA was related to macular PVD and the presence of vitreoschisis (P< 0.05). The granular hyper-reflection structure was mainly in patients without high myopia and was positively related to vitreoschisis (P=0.006, r=0.265).
Conclusions: Highly myopic subjects had a higher grade of paravascular vitreous adhesion and the presence of vitreoschisis. The degree of PVA was associated with the macular vitreous adhesion. The granular hyper-reflection structure may play a role in vitreous adhesion.
Agricultural input shocks decrease crop yields globally
Authors: Ahvo Aino , Heino Matias , Sandström Vilma , Chrisendo Daniel , Jalava Mika , Kummu Matti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Today’s food system is more global than ever. In addition to food, also the key inputs to food production such as fertilisers, machinery and pesticides are traded among countries. Shocks and disturbances in the trade flows of agricultural inputs, caused by e.g., conflict, can potentially be devastating to the food production and yields even for otherwise self-sufficient countries. However, the impact of these agricultural input shocks on crop yields has not yet been assessed globally. In this study, we modelled the effects of agricultural input shocks using global spatial data on crop yields, fertilisers, machinery and pesticides using a random forest machine learning algorithm. We show that shocks in fertilisers cause the most drastic yield losses. Areas with the highest crop yields suffer the most from all agricultural input shocks, while low-yielding areas are seldom affected. Yield losses in these high-yielding ‘breadbasket’ areas of the world would be detrimental to global food security. For example, global maize production could decrease up to 50%, and global wheat production up to 30% if agricultural input availability were to drop by 75%. Western Europe and the US are among the areas most affected by shocks in agricultural inputs. Our study provides important information in high spatial definition to be used in future discussions on food security and resilience.
Modelling nonlinear self-excited forces for bridge decks with regularised Volterra series models
Authors: Skyvulstad Henrik , Petersen Øyvind , Argentini Tommaso , Zasso Alberto , Øiseth Ole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Volterra series models are considered an attractive approach for modelling nonlinear aerodynamic forces for bridge decks since they extend the convolution integral to higher dimensions. Optimal identification of nonlinear systems is a challenging task since there are typically many unknown variables that need to be determined, and it is vital to avoid overfitting. Several methods exist for identifying Volterra kernels from experimental data, but a large class of them put restrictions on the system inputs, making them infeasible for section model tests of bridge decks. A least-squares identification method does not restrict the inputs, but the identified model often struggles with noisy (non-smooth) kernels, which is deemed to be unphysical and a sign of overfitting. In this work, regularised least-squares identification is introduced to improve the performance of model identification using least-squares. Standard Tikhonov regularisation and other penalty techniques that impose decaying kernels are also explored. The performance of the methodology is studied using experimental data from wind tunnel tests of a twin deck section. The regularised Volterra models show equal or better results in terms of modelling the self-excited forces, and the regularisation makes the models less prone to overfitting.
A Prospective Study on the Potential of Teprotumumab Ototoxicity: Evidence Based recommendations for Screening and Managing Patients at Risk of Hearing Loss
Authors: Ugradar Shoaib , Parunakian Emanuil , Tolentino Joseph , Malkhasyan Emil , Geng June , Sherman Michele , Douglas Raymond 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent observational case series have reported on the potential ototoxicity of teprotumumab. This study aims to objectively evaluate the incidence of teprotumumab induced ototoxicity in patients with TED, using the gold standard of baseline and post treatment audiometry.
Methods
In this prospective observational case series, consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with TED and were to receive teprotumumab had audiometry at: baseline, prior to each infusion and at 6 months follow up post treatment. An independent audiologist assessed the audiometry. Further, the incidence and natural history of otologic symptoms was also documented.
Results
52 patients were included (43 females, 9 males, mean (SD) age: 49 (13)). On objective testing (audiometry), only 63% patients had normal baseline audiometry. At 6 months follow up, of those with normal baseline audiometry, 1 / 32 (3%) had new onset hearing loss. Of those with abnormal baseline audiometry, 20% had mild hearing dysfunction at 6 months follow up. Overall, 5/52 (10%) of patients had objective hearing loss at 6 months. Following treatment, at 24 weeks, 29% reported subjectively new otologic symptoms. At 6 months, this reduced to 7.7%. A prior history of hearing loss was the main risk factor for hearing dysfunction following treatment with teprotumumab.
Conclusions
Long term hearing loss in TED patients with normal baseline hearing is rare following treatment with teprotumumab (incidence of 3%). Patients with baseline hearing dysfunction are at greater risk of hearing change and management of the dose and interval between infusions is recommended for this group.
Kinesiophobia, exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength and physical activity in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Katayıfçı Nihan , Hüzmeli İrem , İriş Döndü , yalcin Fatih 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Functional limitations have recently shown in patients with hypertension. However, causes of kinesiophobia remain unknown. The aim was to compare functional exercise capacity (FEC), peripheral muscle strength (MS), level of kinesiophobia, physical activity (PA), fatigue, dyspnea, and quality of life (Qol) in hypertension patients and healthy controls and to investigate relationship between aforementioned outcomes in patients. Fifty-six patients and 45 age/gender-matched controls were included. FEC [6 min. walking test (6MWT)], peripheral MS (Dynamometer), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), PA level [International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)], perception of dyspnea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity scale), and Qol (Short Form-36 questionnaire) were evaluated. Demographic characteristics were similar in patients (54.58 ± 11.33y,35M/21F) and healthy controls (51.11 ± 7.42y,33M/12F) (p > 0.05). Peripheral MS (p < 0.05), 6MWT, PA and Qol were significantly lower (p < 0.05); level of kinesiophobia (p < 0.001), perception of dyspnea (p < 0.001), and fatigue (p = 0.001) scores were higher in patients compared with controls. IPAQ (r=-0.556, p < 0.001), quadriceps femoris (r=-0.429, p = 0.001), hip flexor (r=-0.380, p = 0.004), shoulder abductor (r=-0.410,p = 0.002), elbow flexor (r=-0.364,p = 0.006), hand-grip strength (r=-0.355,p = 0.007), fatigue (r = 0.434, p = 0.001), SF-36 physical functioning (r = 0.404, p = 0.002), role limitations due to physical health (r=-0.370,p = 0.005), energy/fatigue (r=-0.357, p = 0.007), general health (r=-0.280, p = 0.036) was related to kinesiophobia in patients. Patients had impaired FEC, peripheral MS, higher level of kinesiophobia, perception of fatigue and dyspnea, reduced PA level, and Qol compared with healthy controls. In addition, a higher degree of kinesiophobia was related to physical inactivity, weakened upper and lower extremity MS, fatigue, impaired Qol in patients. Patients should be directed to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
Novel intranasal vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain to mucosal microfold cells and adjuvanted with TLR3 agonist Riboxxim™ elicits strong antibody and T-cell responses in mice
Authors: Meulen Jan Ter , Horvath Dennis , Temperton Nigel , Neto Martin Mayora , Costa Kelly Da , Cantoni Diego , Horlacher Reinhold , Günther Armin , Brosig Alexander , Morath Jenny , Jakobs Barbara , Groettrup Marcus , Hoschützky Heinz , Rohayem Jacques 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the human population necessitating regular booster immunization for its long-term control. Ideally, vaccines should ideally not only protect against symptomatic disease, but also prevent transmission via asymptomatic shedding and cover existing and future variants of the virus. This may ultimately only be possible through induction of potent and long-lasting immune responses in the nasopharyngeal tract, the initial entry site of SARS-CoV-2. To this end, we have designed a vaccine based on recombinantly expressed receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, fused to the C-terminus ofC. perfringensenterotoxin (cCPE), which is known to target Claudin-4, a matrix molecule highly expressed on mucosal microfold (M) cells of the nasal and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues. To further enhance immune responses, the vaccine was adjuvanted with a novel toll-like receptor 3/RIG-I agonist (Riboxxim™), consisting of synthetic short double stranded RNA. Intranasal prime-boost immunization of mice induced robust mucosal and systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 strains Wuhan-Hu-1, and several variants (B.1.351/beta, B.1.1.7/alpha, B.1.617.2/delta), as well as systemic T-cell responses. A combination vaccine with M-cell targeted recombinant HA1 from an H1N1 G4 influenza strain also induced mucosal and systemic antibodies against influenza. Taken together, the data show that development of an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on recombinant RBD adjuvanted with a TLR3 agonist is feasible, also as a combination vaccine against influenza.