bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bu-Dash: a universal and dynamic graphical password scheme (extended version)
Authors: Andriotis Panagiotis , Kirby Myles , Takasu Atsuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPasswordless authentication is a trending theme in cyber security, while biometrics gradually replace knowledge-based schemes. However, Personal Identification Numbers, passcodes, and graphical passwords are still considered as the primary means for authentication. Passwords must be memorable to be usable; therefore, users tend to choose easy to guess secrets, compromising security. The Android Pattern Unlock is a popular graphical password scheme that can be easily attacked by exploiting human behavioristic traits. Despite its vulnerabilities, the popularity of the scheme has led researchers to propose adjustments and variations that enhance security but maintain its familiar user interface. Nevertheless, prior work demonstrated that improving security while preserving usability remains frequently a hard task. In this paper we propose a novel graphical password scheme built on the foundations of the well-accepted Android Pattern Unlock method, which is usable, inclusive, universal, and robust against shoulder surfing and (basically) smudge attacks. Our scheme, named , features a dynamic user interface that mutates every time a user swipes the screen. Our pilot studies illustrate that attracts positive user acceptance rates, it is secure, and maintains high usability levels. We define complexity metrics that can be used to further diversify user input, and we conduct complexity and security assessments.
Bioremediation of heavy oily sludge: a microcosms study
Authors: Rondon-Afanador Cinthya , Pinilla-Meza Gustavo , Casallas-Cuervo Francy C. , Diaz-Vanegas Camila , Barreto-Gomez Daniela , Benavides Carolina , Buitrago Nicole , Calvo Melissa , Forero-Forero Camila , Galvis-Ibarra Valentina , Moscoso-Urdaneta Victoria , Perdomo-Rengifo Maria C. , Torres Laura , Arbeli Ziv , Brigmon Robin L. , Roldan Fabio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOily sludge is a residue from the petroleum industry composed of a mixture of sand, water, metals, and high content of hydrocarbons (HCs). The heavy oily sludge used in this study originated from Colombian crude oil with high density and low American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity. The residual waste from heavy oil processing was subject to thermal and centrifugal extraction, resulting in heavy oily sludge with very high density and viscosity. Biodegradation of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was tested in microcosms using several bioremediation approaches, including: biostimulation with bulking agents and nutrients, the surfactant Tween 80, and bioaugmentation. Select HC degrading bacteria were isolated based on their ability to grow and produce clear zones on different HCs. Degradation of TPH in the microcosms was monitored gravimetrically and with gas chromatography (GC). The TPH removal in all treatments ranged between 2 and 67%, regardless of the addition of microbial consortiums, amendments, or surfactants within the tested parameters. The results of this study demonstrated that bioremediation of heavy oily sludge presents greater challenges to achieve regulatory requirements. Additional physicochemical treatments analysis to remediate this recalcitrant material may be required to achieve a desirable degradation rate.
Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for Chinese patients with previously untreated HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (PUFFIN): final analysis of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Xu Binghe , Li Wei , Zhang Qingyuan , Li Qiao , Wang Xiaojia , Li Huiping , Sun Tao , Yin Yongmei , Zheng Hong , Feng Jifeng , Zhu Huaqi , Siddiqui Asna , Macharia Harrison , Knott Adam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
PUFFIN (NCT02896855), a Chinese bridging study in patients with previously untreated HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, assessed consistency of efficacy and safety of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel versus placebo, trastuzumab, and docetaxel, with CLEOPATRA (NCT00567190).

Methods
Eligible patients, n = 243, were randomized 1:1, stratified by visceral disease and hormone receptor status, to pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel or placebo, trastuzumab, and docetaxel. Primary endpoint: investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints: safety and overall survival (OS). After primary analysis, patients could cross over to the pertuzumab arm.

Results
Updated median PFS: 16.5 months (pertuzumab arm) and 12.5 months (placebo arm), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45, 0.81; p = 0.0008]. Median OS was not reached in either arm; the OS HR was 0.68 (95% CI 0.45, 1.03; p = 0.0658). Safety was similar in both arms with no new safety signals: 73.8% (pertuzumab arm) and 69.2% (placebo arm) experienced grade ≥ 3 adverse events. No heart failure, symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or left ventricular ejection fraction decline of < 40% were reported.

Conclusions
The PUFFIN final analysis showed, per the primary analysis, that overall efficacy of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel was consistent with CLEOPATRA. Safety remained consistent with the known pertuzumab profile. Overall, PUFFIN contributes to the totality of data with pertuzumab in previously untreated HER2-positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and supports the favorable benefit–risk profile of pertuzumab in Chinese patients.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02896855, registered 7 September 2016.
Macular function in patients with medium myopia
Authors: Grudzińska Ewa Małgorzata , Lubiński Wojciech , Modrzejewska Monika 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This work aims at assessing whether electrophysiological functional changes in the macular region appear in medium myopia, even in the presence of a normal macular OCT scan and how axial length correlates with macular OCT parameters in medium myopia.

Methods
The study included right eyes of 17 patients with myopia of medium degree (SE <  − 6D to >  − 3D). Control group consisted of 20 eyes of patients of age and sex that matched healthy controls with normal macular and optic nerve OCT results and normal axial length. Full ophthalmic examination (the distance best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, refractive error, the anterior and posterior segment of the eye in a slit lamp, the axial length of the eyeball) with OCT of the macular and optic disk and the PERG test were performed in the study and control groups. Only the patients with normal ophthalmic and OCT examination results were qualified. The interview covering questions on risk factors of myopia onset and progression such as prematurity, family history of myopia was carried out in both groups. In myopic group, the question relating to time of near work was also asked. Study and control groups were tested with the use of Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney, Student’s t test, Pearson and Spearman's rank correlation tests.

Results
AL was significantly longer in myopia group (p < 0.01), and SE value was lower (p < 0.01). Longer implicit time of P50 was found in the study group, but amplitudes of P50 and N95 waves were not significantly reduced (p < 0.05). AL showed correlations with P50 implicit time (p < 0.05) and with reduction in retinal fiber nerve layer and ganglion cells and inner plexus layer (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Patients with myopia of medium degree have a dysfunction of retinal cone system of the macular region even when OCT scans show no abnormalities. Elongation of AL correlates with reduction in retinal fiber nerve layer and ganglion cells and inner plexus layer. Longitudinal follow-up studies may answer the question whether this increase in implicit time may be indicative of a faster myopia progression or of myopic retinal pathology, i.e., whether it may help to determine which patient would benefit from earlier or more intensive management of myopia progression.
Agreement of somatic and renal near-infrared spectroscopy with reference blood samples during a controlled hypoxia sequence: a healthy volunteer study
Authors: De Keijzer Ilonka N. , Massari Dario , Niezen Caren K. , Bokkers Reinoud P.H. , Vos Jaap Jan , Scheeren Thomas W.L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: O3® Regional Oximetry (Masimo Corporation, California, USA) is validated for cerebral oximetry. We aimed to assess agreement of somatic and renal near-infrared spectroscopy with reference blood samples. Methods: O3 sensors were placed bilaterally on the quadriceps and flank of 26 healthy volunteers. A stepped, controlled hypoxia sequence was performed by adding a mixture of nitrogen and room air to the breathing circuit. O3-derived oxygen saturation values were obtained at baseline and at six decremental saturation levels (5% steps). Blood samples (radial artery, iliac vein (somatic reference) and renal vein) were obtained at each step. Reference values were calculated as: 0.7 × venous saturation + 0.3 × arterial saturation. The agreement between O3-derived values with blood reference values was assessed by calculating root-mean-square error accuracy and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The root-mean-square error accuracy was 6.0% between quadriceps oxygen saturation and somatic reference values. The mean bias was 0.8%, with limits of agreement from -7.7 to 9.3%. These were 5.1% and 0.6% (-8.3 to 9.5%) for flank oxygen saturation and somatic reference values, respectively, and 7.7% and -4.9% (-15.0 to 5.2%) for flank oxygen saturation and renal reference values. The kidney depth was 3.1 ± 0.9 cm below the skin. Conclusion: O3 regional oximetry can be used on the quadriceps and flank to monitor somatic saturation, yet has a saturation-level dependent bias. O3-derived values obtained at the flank underestimated renal reference values. Additionally, it is unlikely that the flank sensors did directly measure renal tissue. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04584788): registered October 6th, 2020.
Non-contact respiratory rate monitoring using thermal and visible imaging: a pilot study on neonates
Authors: Maurya Lalit , Zwiggelaar Reyer , Chawla Deepak , Mahapatra Prasant 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRespiratory rate (RR) monitoring is essential in neonatal intensive care units. Despite its importance, RR is still monitored intermittently by manual counting instead of continuous monitoring due to the risk of skin damage with prolonged use of contact electrodes in preterm neonates and false signals due to displacement of electrodes. Thermal imaging has recently gained significance as a non-contact method for RR detection because of its many advantages. However, due to the lack of information in thermal images, the selection and tracking of the region of interest (ROI) in thermal images for neonates are challenging. This paper presents the integration of visible (RGB) and thermal (T) image sequences for the selection and tracking of ROI for breathing rate extraction. The deep-learning based tracking-by-detection approach is employed to detect the ROI in the RGB images, and it is mapped to the thermal images using the RGB-T image registration. The mapped ROI in thermal spectrum sequences gives the respiratory rate. The study was conducted first on healthy adults in different modes, including steady, motion, talking, and variable respiratory order. Subsequently, the method is tested on neonates in a clinical settings. The findings have been validated with a contact-based reference method.The average absolute error between the proposed and belt-based contact method in healthy adults reached 0.1 bpm and for more challenging conditions was approximately 1.5 bpm and 1.8 bpm, respectively. In the case of neonates, the average error is 1.5 bpm, which are promising results. The Bland–Altman analysis showed a good agreement of estimated RR with the reference method RR and this pilot study provided the evidence of using the proposed approach as a contactless method for the respiratory rate detection of neonates in clinical settings.
Residual Viscosity Stabilized RBF-FD Methods for Solving Nonlinear Conservation Laws
Authors: Tominec Igor , Nazarov Murtazo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we solve nonlinear conservation laws using the radial basis function generated finite difference (RBF-FD) method. Nonlinear conservation laws have solutions that entail strong discontinuities and shocks, which give rise to numerical instabilities when the solution is approximated by a numerical method. We introduce a residual-based artificial viscosity (RV) stabilization framework adjusted to the RBF-FD method, where the residual of the conservation law adaptively locates discontinuities and shocks. The RV stabilization framework is applied to the collocation RBF-FD method and the oversampled RBF-FD method. Computational tests confirm that the stabilized methods are reliable and accurate in solving scalar conservation laws and conservation law systems such as compressible Euler equations.
Valuable ignorance: delayed epistemic gratification
Authors: Willard-Kyle Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA long line of epistemologists including Sosa (Epistemic explanations: a theory of telic normativity, and what it explains. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2021), Feldman (The ethics of belief. Philos and Phenomenol Res 60:667–695, 2002), and Chisholm (Theory of knowledge, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 2007) have argued that, at least for a certain class of questions that we take up, we should (or should aim to) close inquiry iff by closing inquiry we would meet a unique epistemic standard. I argue that no epistemic norm of this general form is true: there is not a single epistemic standard that demarcates the boundary between inquiries we are forbidden and obligated to close. In short, such norms are false because they are insensitive to the potentially ambitious epistemic goals that agents may permissibly bring to bear on an inquiry. Focusing particularly on knowledge-oriented versions of the norm, I argue that beliefless ignorance has a positive role to play in epistemic life by licensing prolonged inquiry into questions that we especially care about.
Caught in the middle: bottom-up and top-down processes impacting recruitment in a small pelagic fish
Authors: Moyano Marta , Illing Björn , Akimova Anna , Alter Katharina , Bartolino Valerio , Börner Gregor , Clemmesen Catriona , Finke Annegret , Gröhsler Tomas , Kotterba Paul , Livdane Lina , Mittermayer Felix , Moll Dorothee , von Nordheim Lena , Peck Myron A. , Schaber Matthias , Polte Patrick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers behind fluctuations in fish populations remains a key objective in fishery science. Our predictive capacity to explain these fluctuations is still relatively low, due to the amalgam of interacting bottom-up and top-down factors, which vary across time and space among and within populations. Gaining a mechanistic understanding of these recruitment drivers requires a holistic approach, combining field, experimental and modelling efforts. Here, we use the Western Baltic Spring-Spawning (WBSS) herring (Clupea harengus) to exemplify the power of this holistic approach and the high complexity of the recruitment drivers (and their interactions). Since the early 2000s, low recruitment levels have promoted intense research on this stock. Our literature synthesis suggests that the major drivers are habitat compression of the spawning beds (due to eutrophication and coastal modification mainly) and warming, which indirectly leads to changes in spawning phenology, prey abundance and predation pressure. Other factors include increased intensity of extreme climate events and new predators in the system. Four main knowledge gaps were identified related to life-cycle migration and habitat use, population structure and demographics, life-stage specific impact of multi-stressors, and predator–prey interactions. Specific research topics within these areas are proposed, as well as the priority to support a sustainable management of the stock. Given that the Baltic Sea is severely impacted by warming, eutrophication and altered precipitation, WBSS herring could be a harbinger of potential effects of changing environmental drivers to the recruitment of small pelagic fishes in other coastal areas in the world.Graphical abstract
Stochastic cluster embedding
Authors: Yang Zhirong , Chen Yuwei , Sedov Denis , Kaski Samuel , Corander Jukka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeighbor embedding (NE) aims to preserve pairwise similarities between data items and has been shown to yield an effective principle for data visualization. However, even the best existing NE methods such as stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) may leave large-scale patterns hidden, for example clusters, despite strong signals being present in the data. To address this, we propose a new cluster visualization method based on the Neighbor Embedding principle. We first present a family of Neighbor Embedding methods that generalizes SNE by using non-normalized Kullback–Leibler divergence with a scale parameter. In this family, much better cluster visualizations often appear with a parameter value different from the one corresponding to SNE. We also develop an efficient software that employs asynchronous stochastic block coordinate descent to optimize the new family of objective functions. Our experimental results demonstrate that the method consistently and substantially improves the visualization of data clusters compared with the state-of-the-art NE approaches. The code of our method is publicly available at https://github.com/rozyangno/sce.
What chance-credence norms should be
Authors: Wroński Leszek , Gyenis Zalán , Cocchiaro Mariangela Zoe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe show a somewhat surprising result concerning the relationship between the Principal Principle and its allegedly generalized form. Then, we formulate a few desiderata concerning chance-credence norms and argue that none of the norms widely discussed in the literature satisfies all of them. We suggest that the New Principle comes out as the best contender.
Wear Induced Sub-surface Deformation Characteristics of a 26 Wt% Cr White Cast Iron Subjected to a Destabilization Heat Treatment
Authors: Nayak U. Pranav , Schäfer Florian , Mücklich Frank , Guitar María Agustina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the sub-surface microstructure of a heat treated and worn 26 wt% Cr white cast iron was investigated to gain better insight into the tribological behaviour of the material. The samples were destabilized at 980 °C for 0 (Q_0), 30 (Q_30) and 90 (Q_90) minutes followed by air cooling, and later subjected to dry-sliding linear reciprocating wear tests. The microstructural characterization of the area under the wear track was carried out using a combination of SEM, EDS and EBSD. Additionally, nanoindentation (NI) measurements were used to corroborate the mechanical behaviour with the microstructural observations. EBSD and NI measurements indicated that the matrix area underneath the wear track in Q_0 had undergone significant plastic deformation resulting in a drastic increase in hardness, whereas no such phenomena was observed in the Q_90. This was attributable to the relatively high amount of retained austenite in the former and a predominately martensitic matrix in the latter. Moreover, the large M7C3 eutectic carbides were less cracked in the destabilized samples compared to the as-cast sample owing to the presence of martensite and dispersed secondary carbides, leading to an increased matrix load-bearing capacity. These factors led to the destabilized samples showing a lower wear rate compared to the as-cast sample, and the Q_0 showing the best wear resistance amongst all the samples.
Deformation Mechanisms in Compositionally Complex Polycrystalline CoNi-Base Superalloys: Influence of Temperature, Strain-Rate and Chemistry
Authors: Bezold A. , Freund L. P. , Förner A. , Völkl J. , Huber L.-K. , Göken M. , Neumeier S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent studies revealed the excellent high temperature properties of polycrystalline CoNi-base superalloys. However, their underlying deformation behavior has been reported only scarcely so far. In this work, the deformation mechanisms of four polycrystalline compositionally complex CoNi-base superalloys with slightly varying chemical compositions were investigated by compression and creep experiments at temperatures between 750 °C and 850 °C and strain-rates between 10–3 and 10–8 s−1. In the two (Ta + Ti)-rich alloys, a transition of the deformation mechanism from shearing by APB-coupled dislocation pairs to stacking fault shearing and finally also to microtwinning is observed with decreasing strain-rate and increasing temperature. In contrast, APB-based shearing mechanisms represent the dominant mechanism in both (Al + W)-rich alloys in all conditions. At high temperatures and low strain-rates, dislocation glide-climb processes also contribute to plastic deformation in all alloys. By correlating the underlying defect structures with the mechanical properties of these alloys, it becomes evident that a transition to stacking fault shearing and microtwinning leads to a lower strain-rate dependency and superior high-temperature strength in comparison with APB-based mechanisms. Reasons for the different deformation mechanisms, the influence of segregation processes, the consequences for mechanical properties and implications for a mechanism-based alloy design are discussed.
Surface-Engineered TiO2 for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Elkatlawy Saeid M. , Shalaby Mustafa S. , Guan Cao , Wang John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) shows excellent pseudocapacitive properties. However, the low internal conductivity of TiO2 limits its use in supercapacitor applications. Therefore, an efficient surface engineering process was developed to enhance the overall pseudocapacitive performance of rutile TiO2 nanorods. Specifically, surface-engineered TiO2 nanorod arrays coordinated on carbon cloth were established through the Kapton tape-assisted hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a tetragonal TiO2 rutile phase. Morphological analysis revealed the formation of uniform nanorods with an apparent high surface-to-volume aspect ratio. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the TiO2 synthesized in the presence of Kapton tape and annealed under air had high content of hydroxyl groups and Ti3+, which is favorable for supercapacitor performance. Surface treatment of the samples led to significantly enhanced conductivity and electrochemical behavior of TiO2. The surface-engineered TiO2 nanorod arrays show specific capacitance of about 57.62 mF/cm2 at 10 mV/s in 2 M KOH, with excellent rate capability of about 83% at 200 mV/s, and also exhibit long cycle life, retaining 91% of their original capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles, which is among the highest values reported for TiO2-based supercapacitors.
Graphical Abstract