bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and potential influencing factors of non-superficial surgical site infection in patients with total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Ruifeng , Chen Xingyu , Zhang Bowen , Mao Ning , Sun Peihong , Li Liangman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective To assess the prevalence of non-superficial surgical site infection (NSSSI) in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the influencing factors. Method The PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu database and Wanfang database were systematically searched from 2016 to 2021. The data were collected from the included studies that met the inclusion criteria. For exploring the prevalence of NSSSI with THA, the pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Publication bias was assessed. In the study of the association between potential influencing factors and infection, the odds ratio and its 95% CI were calculated. Results In all, 57 studies involving 2075304 patients were included. The number of patients receiving THA ranged from 87 to 623253, and the prevalence of patients with NSSSI after THA ranged from 0.05% to 9.13%. The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of patients with NSSSI after THA was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.8%, 1.1%). No publication bias was found under Begg’s test (z=0.28, p>0.05) or Egger's test (t=1.65, p>0.05). When stratified by data scale, pooled prevalence of studies with large-scale data and that of studies with normal-scale data were similar (large-scale: 0.9% (95%CI: 0.6%-1.3%); normal-scale: 1.1% (95%CI: 0.9%-1.2%), respectively). When stratified by country, the prevalence of different countries was of various. Individual results showed that the prevalence of Netherlands was the highest (9.5%) and that of New Zealand was the lowest (0.1%). Pooled results showed that China had the highest prevalence of 2.2% (95%CI: 1.8%-2.7%), and UK had the lowest prevalence of 0.3% (95%CI: 0.0%-0.6%). Ten influencing factors of NSSSI in patients with THA were recognized (p<0.05), including male, tobacco smoker, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III or IV or V, serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, immunosuppressive agent user, universal anesthesia, non-vancomycin powder user, and duration of drain >48h.Conclusion The pooled prevalence of NSSSI in patients after THA was 1.0% and 10 potential factors were associated with the prevalence. We provide clinical guidance to prevent NSSSI after THA.
Discretion and its Effects: Analyzing the Role of Enforcement Style of Street-Level Bureaucrats During Policy Enforcement
Authors: Salah Mohammed , Alhalbusi Hussam , Ariffin Raja Noriza Raja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper will explore the intentional and unintentional impacts of street-level bureaucrats’ discretion. Precisely, it provides an understanding of how street-level bureaucrats’ discretion shapes their enforcement style during personal encounters with the public and how that enforcement style defines bureaucrats’ perception of their clients. The study framework is set based on street-level bureaucracy theory and implementation literature. Thus, in this analysis, a trade-off is theorised between discretion and client meaningfulness through multiple mediation roles (i.e., Legal, Facilitation, and Accommodation dimensions). Results from an online survey of labour inspectors (n = 214) in The Malaysian Labour Department indicated that discretion was positively related to client meaningfulness and was significantly mediated via accommodation and facilitation dimensions. Therefore, our study sheds light on the street-level bureaucrats’ behaviour and perception during encounters with clients, and this research confirms that enforcement style is a multidimensional concept consisting of three dimensions.
BMSCs improve TNBS-induced colitis in rats through inducing Tregs differentiation by expressing PD-L1
Authors: Gao Fei , Cui Dandan , Fan Heng , Shou Zhexing , Zuo Dongmei , Yang Jia , Yu Ting , Liu Yujin , Chu Si , Zhu Feng , Wei Chunzhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a kind of stem cells with high differentiation potential and immunomodulatory ability, which has a broad prospect in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study is to investigate whether BMSCs could improve TNBS-induced colitis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through inducing Tregs differentiation by expressing PD-L1.Methods: BMSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry before being transfected with PD-L1 siRNA recombinant plasmids. Then SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Colitis induced by TNBS (sigma Aldrich) except normal group. On the fourth day of modeling, the rats in BMSCs control group and PD-L1 siRNA BMSCs group were injected with corresponding BMSCs through tail vein for 1 week, the dose was 5 × 106 cells. The normal group and model group were given the same volume of PBS.Results: PD-L1 siRNA BMSCs and BMSCs could reach colon tissue in TNBS-induced colitis. BMSCs control group significantly improved the clinical symptoms and histopathological severity of TNBS induced colitis, but PD-L1 siRNA BMSCs group did not. We found that the percentage of Tregs in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes decreased, the expression of PD-L1, IL10, PTEN was down-regulated, and the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was up-regulated in colon tissue after PD-L1 siRNA intervention.Conclusion: This study suggested that BMSCs can induce the differentiation of Treg through inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway by expressing PD-L1, which can significantly improve the symptoms and pathological damage of ulcerative colitis rats and affect the immune function.
Citrobacter keratitis: Predisposing factors and clinical characteristics
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Masoumi Ahmad , Tabatabaei Seyed Ali , Zamani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To report predisposing factors, clinical presentation, antibiotic sensitivity, and management of Citrobacter-caused infectious keratitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of culture-proven cases of Citrobacter keratitis in a tertiary referral center for 8 years (from January 2012 to September 2020). Demographic data of the patients, predisposing factors, and presenting signs were extracted. Results: Eighteen cases of microbial keratitis due to Citrobacter spp. were identified. The median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 10-89, interquartile range : 59-81). Thirteen patients were male and 5 were female. Multiple predisposing factors were identified in all eyes, including ocular surface disease (n=8), previous corneal surgery (n=6), and history of ocular trauma (n=6). Five patients were diabetic. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of patients was light perception (LP) in 8 patients, hand motion (HM) in 7, counting fingers (CF) at 1meter in 1, and CF at 2meters in 2 patients. Thirteen eyes exhibited hypopyon. An area of corneal thinning was observed in 7 eyes (38.9%). Endophthalmitis due to infectious keratitis developed in one patient. In vitro susceptibility testing confirmed high sensitivity to ceftazidime and aminoglycosides. Medical management consisted primarily of topical amikacin (20 mg/ml) combined with topical cefazoline (50 mg/ml) (72.2%). Surgical tectonic procedures were carried out in 7 eyes (38.9%). Conclusion: Citrobacter spp. is a rare cause of bacterial keratitis.Previous keratoplasty and ocular surface problems are important risk factors. The prognosis is not good and surgical tectonic intervention is required in many cases to resolve the corneal infection.
Ressignificando a relação com os pais: filhos autônomos ou independentes?
Authors: Souza da Cruz Fernanda , Vasconcelos da Silva Bernardino Adriana 
Published: April 2022

O relacionamento entre pais e filhos se modifica com a trajetória do ciclo de vida familiar. No final da adolescência e no início da vida adulta, se os filhos continuam dependentes de seus pais, não transpassam para o mundo dos adultos, fazendo com que uma nova fase de transição para a vida adulta, continue sendo vivenciada pela família. Nesse processo, apesar de autônomos, os filhos continuarão a ter necessidade de serem auxiliados por seus pais. O objetivo do artigo é estudar a relação de independência e autonomia que os jovens adultos brasileiros do século XXI mantêm com suas famílias. O estudo foi realizado por revisão de literatura onde se buscou autores que fundamentassem o objetivo pretendido. Constatou-se que grande parte dos jovens adultos da atualidade, apesar de ter autonomia ainda são dependentes dos pais. Ou seja, são capazes de se autogovernar, possuem livre arbítrio para defender os valores nos quais acreditam, mas são incapazes de viver sem a ajuda, recursos ou cuidados de seus progenitores.

Palavras-chave: Relação pais/filhos; Ciclo de vida familiar; Independência e autonomia.
New Approaches and Advancements in Drug Development from Phenolic
P-coumaric Acid
Authors: Malik Neelam , Dhiman Priyanka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
P-coumaric acid is a common dietary polyphenol present in fruits, vegetables, and cereals
in conjugated and free form. The toxicity profile of the drug is very low, and it exhibits many pharmacological
actions (antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic,
anticancer, and antioxidant effect). P-coumaric acid also acts as a free radical scavenger and
inhibits various enzymes, which generate free radicals. It is also used as the raw material for the
preparation of preservatives, vanillin, sports foods, skin defense agents, and as a cross-linker for the
formation of edible films and food gels. The current study is based upon biological effectiveness,
molecular docking, SAR, sources of p-coumaric acid, and related derivatives.
An Improved Synthesis of Glucuronide Metabolites of Hindered Phenolic
Xenoestrogens
Authors: Sancéau Jean-Yves , Poirier Donald , Bélanger Patrick , Maltais René 
Published: April 2022

Aim and Objective:
The syntheses of glucuronide metabolites of phenolic xenoestrogens triclosan and 2-phenylphenol, namely triclosan-O-glucuronide (TCS-G; 1), and 2-phenylphenol-O-glucuronide (OPP-G; 2), were achieved for use as analytical standards.

Methods:
Under classical conditions previously reported for glucuronide synthesis, the final basic hy-drolysis of the peracylated ester intermediate leading to the free glucuronides is often a limiting step. Indeed, the presence of contaminating by-products resulting from ester elimination has often been ob-served during this step. This is particularly relevant when the sugar unit is close to a crowded envi-ronment as for triclosan and 2-phenylphenol.

Results:
To circumvent these problems, we proposed mild conditions for the deprotection of peracety-lated glucuronate intermediates.

Conclusion:
A new methodology using a key imidate following a two-step protocol for acetates and methyl ester hydrolysis was successfully applied to the preparation of TCS-d3 (1) and OPP-G (2) as well as deuterated isotopomers TCS-d3-G (1-d3) and OPP-d5-G (2-d5).
A Strategic Investigation on Diabetic Nephropathy; Its Conceptual Model
and clinical Manifestations: A Review
Authors: Wal Pranay , Tyagi Sachin , Pal Rashmi Saxena , Yadav Anil , Jaiswal Riya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Diabetes is a major health issue for humans, and its complications can lead to a variety of health problems. Nephropathy has been recognised since the 1930s, when Kimmelstiel and Wilson first reported the characteristic nodular glomerulosclerosis lesions in diabetic kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), commonly known as diabetic kidney disease, is a condition in which diabetics have excessive quantities of urine albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and a reduction in their glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Type 1 diabetes (autoimmune -cell destruction and absolute insulin insufficiency), type 2 diabetes (relative insulin deficit and resistance), and others are the three forms of diabetes (eg, pancreatic disease). Diabetes nephropathy is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure around the world. Much research has been conducted in both basic science and clinical therapies to enhance understanding of the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy and to expand the available therapeutics. Diabetic nephropathy prevention continues to rely on screening for microalbuminuria and treating hyperglycemia. However, several studies suggest that managing diabetic kidney disease is more challenging. Despite comparable hyperglycemic management, some studies suggest that the incidence of renal problems varies by patient. As a result, there has been a great deal of interest in studying the inherent renal protective effect of various antihyperglycemic drugs. The goal of this study is to provide information about the diabetic kidney disease conceptual model, pathogenesis, screening, and diagnosis. It will also address the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy, with a focus on comparing the mechanisms, safety profiles, and efficacy of different antihyperglycemic medications.
Industrial Doogh: Technological and Health Aspects
Authors: Sayevand Hamid Reza , Bakhtiary Farzaneh , Mollakhalili-Meybodi Neda , Mortazavian Amir M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
As a typical and ancient Iranian drink based on fermented milk, Doogh is normally
produced from yogurt, drinking water, salt, and flavoring agents on both traditional and industrial scales. Referring to the large production and consumption of Doogh in many countries and the
adoption of its Codex standard (2018), considering its technological and health (nutritional and
safety) aspects is of special importance. There is versatility and variety in ingredients, production
methods, and packaging of Doogh that can affect the physicochemical (i.e., physical, chemical,
and rheological) sensory, nutritional, and safety characteristics of the product. On the other hand,
its shelf life is regularly an extended shelf life (>2 months) which can be challenging from a
technological point of view. This article comprehensively reviews the technological and health
aspects of industrial Doogh.
Purified Stigmasterol Related Novel Phytosterol from Chrysopogon
zizanioides (L.) Roberty Root Extract Exhibits Strong Cholesterol Esterase
(CEase) and Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) Causing Bacterial Pathogens Inhibitory
Properties
Authors: Sathishkumar Thiyagarajan , Arun Appakudal Venkataraman Venkatesh , Soundaram Rajendran , Kumaresan Kuppamuthu , Rapheal Vinohar Stephen , Thirugnanam Natarajan 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Chrysopogon zizanioides Roberty. root extracts have documented amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, hepatoprotection, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antidepressant, and antitubercular properties, but lack ample reports on health care applications of purified phytoconstituents.

Objective:
To study the inhibitory properties of phytosterol eluate against cholesterol esterase (CEase) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) causing pathogens (clinical isolates).

Methods:
The shake flask method was adopted to extract the phytoconstituents and standard spectrophotometric assays were carried out to quantify phytosterol constituent and CEase inhibitory activity. Central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to observe the improvement of phytosterol constituent and CEase inhibitory activity. Two dimensional preparative thin layer chromatography (2D PTLC) technique was executed to purify the phytosterol content and HRLC based APCI – Q-TOF/ MS2 analysis was done to predict the phytosterol structures. Standard disc assay was used to explore the inhibitory effect of extract and purified phytosterol content against DFU causing pathogens.

Results:
The crude extracts exhibited a moderate CEase inhibitory activity (Ethylacetate: 67 ± 3.2%) and appreciable phytosterol content (Acetone:11.24 ± 0.52 mg/g tissue). CCD based RSM has improved the CEase inhibitory activity (Ethylacetate: 96.56 ± 1.1%) as well as the phytosterol content (6.45 ± 0.5 mg/g tissue). The purified phytosterol fractionate (PTLC eluate) was found to contain stigmasterol related novel phytosterol and revealed a significant CEase inhibitory activity (81 ± 2.5 %; Ki: 54.89 µg) with mixed type inhibition.

Conclusion:
Both the extract and the PTLC eluate have recorded a substantial control over DFU causing bacterial pathogens.
Plumeria acuminata: A Systematic In Vivo Evaluation for its Antiovulatory
and Anti-implantation Features
Authors: Rabadia Jay P. , Desai Tushar R. , Thite Vihang S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Fertility control becomes necessary for under-developed and developing nations
for the betterment of the economy, environment, and society. Plant Plumeria acuminata, “Temple
tree or Frangipani,” of the Apocynaceae family, has exhibited several activities similar to contraceptive
medicine and is widely distributed in India.

Objective:
Present investigation aimed to study the anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation activities of
ethanolic extract from P. acuminata leaves and roots in Wistar rats.

Methods:
Ethanolic extracts of P. acuminata leaves and roots were subjected to qualitative phytochemical
analysis and acute toxicity test. Immature female rats were used to explore anti-ovulatory
characteristics by administering HCG as a standard ovulation-inducing drug. Mated females were used
for exploring anti-implantation characteristics. Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol were administered
as standard anti-implantation drugs. Morphological, hematological, hormonal, and histological examinations
were performed.

Results:
LD50 value, i.e., 2000 mg/kg from acute toxicity test, resulted in the selection of 100, 200,
and 400 mg/kg dose values for both leaf and root extracts. Treatment with these brought ~2-54%, ~5-
48%, and ~1-68% changes respectively in the hormonal, growth factors’ and cytokines’ profiles. Ovarian
histology revealed restricted follicle maturation and ovulation, whereas uterine histology unveiled
a ~5-28% decrease in the endometrium thickness, making it unreceptive for implantation after treatment
with PAL and PAR extracts.

Conclusion:
Anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation results obtained here can be attributed to the presence
of plumericin, sterol, as well as triterpene groups of phytochemicals from ethanolic extracts of
leaves and roots, making them potent contestants for studies on future contraceptive medicines.
Impact of Educational Intervention on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice
of Pharmacovigilance Among Nurses at a Tertiary Care Public Hospital
Authors: Munshi Renuka , Maurya Miteshkumar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Nursing students and employees remain the first point of contact in case a
patient develops an adverse drug reaction in hospital settings. Thus, it is important for nurses to
understand the importance of pharmacovigilance activity and implement the same in their practice.
They can also contribute to drug safety by reducing medication errors and adverse drug reaction
reporting.

Methods:
After ethics approval, an observational questionnaire-based study was conducted in 2017
that involved nursing students and nursing employees (N=390) to assess their baseline knowledge,
attitude, and practice toward pharmacovigilance. Participants who consented were enrolled and a
pre-training survey was conducted. Pharmacovigilance sensitization/ training sessions were conducted
in the same year after getting their baseline data. Three years later in 2021, the same questionnaire
was distributed to a subset of nursing students and employees (N=299) to analyze any
change in their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the pharmacovigilance activity as a posttest.
Pre and post sensitization session questionnaire-based survey data was analyzed to confirm the
long-term impact of conducting such pharmacovigilance awareness training.

Results:
The nurses’ overall performance before and after training in each of the domains of
knowledge, attitude and practice were 17.53%, 72.86%, 39.69% in the pretest group, respectively,
and post test scores were 30.77%, OR-3.04, p=0.0 (Knowledge), 85.92%, OR-0.14, p=0.0 (Attitude)
and 37.21%, OR-0.08, p=0.08 (Practice) in the corresponding domain. Overall, there was a
declining trend in the practice domain of the nurses response between the pre-test and post intervention
groups however this decline was not statistically significant (p=0.08).

Conclusion:
Pharmacovigilance awareness training and sensitization programs had an impact on
the knowledge and attitude of nurses but there is a need to ensure that it is implemented in clinical
practice.
Is Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking Beneficial as an Adjunct to the Conventional Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis?
Authors: Mahmoud Amira Asem , Abd-Rahman Mohamed Saad , Mohamed Tarek Ahmed , El-Sebaity Dalia Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Background:
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of corneal collagen cross-linking CXL as an adjuvant to standard antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial keratitis when compared to treatment with antimicrobial agents alone.

Methods:
This prospective comparative interventional study included 20 eyes of 20 patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of bacterial keratitis who attended the Outpatient Cornea Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, between January 2019 and December 2020.Patients were divided into two groups: group A, treated with CXL using the Dresden Protocol at the EL-Nour Eye Centre, and group B treated with antibiotics alone.

Results:
Group A had ten patients in the age range of 20-80 years (mean age 49.2 years), while that of group B (ten patients) was 19 -70 years (mean age 47.3 years).
The ulcer sizes started to decrease significantly from week 2 in group A to week 3 in group B. The epithelization time was significantly different between the two treatment groups as reepithelization in 60% of group A cases started at week two, while it began at week three in group B. There was no significant difference in the V/A between the two groups after treatment.

Conclusion:
CXL as an adjunct to topical antimicrobial treatment was more effective in treating bacterial keratitis than conventional antimicrobial therapy alone, as it led to shorter recovery times due to more rapid ulcer healing, resolution of infiltration, and faster symptomatic relief in patients. Despite CXL promoted the ulcer to heal quickly, there was no significant change in V/A before and after CXL or between the CXL with antimicrobial or antimicrobial therapy alone .
EFEK RESIDU BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Mapegau Mapegau , Setyaji Hajar , Hayati Islah , Putri Ayuningtiyas Septiani 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek residu biochar sekam padi dengan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching and Research Farm Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi dari bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2019, satu tahun setelah penelitian biochar pada tanaman jagung dilaksanakan pada lokasi yang sama. Sebagai rancangan lingkungan digunakan rancangan acakkelompok (RAK) 3 ulangan sesuai dengan rancangan penelitian awal. Dosis residu biochar sebagai perlakuan 2,5 ton/ha, 5,0 ton/ha, dan 7,5 ton/ha. Pupuk kandang ayam 2,5 ton/ha, 5,0 ton/ha, dan 7,5 ton/ha. .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa residu biochar sekam padi masih berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung, sedang pupuk kandang ayam tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter batang, dan hasil biji kering tanaman jagung. Residu biochar sekam padi dengan dosis5,0 dan 7,5 ton.ha-1 memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik pada tanaman jagung.Tidak ada perbedaan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian awal dengan yang diperoleh pada penelitian residu.