bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of diindolylmethane derivatives as cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists
Authors: Mahardhika Andhika B. , Ressemann Anastasiia , Kremers Sarah E. , Gregório Castanheira Mariana S. , Schoeder Clara T. , Müller Christa E. , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract3,3′‐Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural product‐derived compound formed upon ingestion of cruciferous vegetables, was recently described to act as a partial agonist of the anti‐inflammatory cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtype CB2. In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of DIM derivatives and determined their affinities for human CB receptor subtypes in radioligand binding studies. Potent compounds were additionally evaluated in functional cAMP accumulation and β‐arrestin recruitment assays. Small substituents in the 4‐position of both indole rings of DIM were beneficial for high CB2 receptor affinity and efficacy. Di‐(4‐cyano‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methane (46, PSB‐19837, EC50: cAMP, 0.0144 µM, 95% efficacy compared to the full standard agonist CP55,940; β‐arrestin, 0.0149 µM, 67% efficacy) was the most potent CB2 receptor agonist of the present series. Di‐(4‐bromo‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methane (44, PSB‐19571) showed higher potency in β‐arrestin (EC50 0.0450 µM, 61% efficacy) than in cAMP accumulation assays (EC50 0.509 µM, 85% efficacy) while 3‐((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl)−4‐methyl‐1H‐indole (149, PSB‐18691) displayed a 19‐fold bias for the G protein pathway (EC50: cAMP, 0.0652 µM; β‐arrestin, 1.08 µM). DIM and its analogs act as allosteric CB2 receptor agonists. These potent CB2 receptor agonists have potential as novel drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Relating social skills and social media use to consumer behavior: An investigation across the autism spectrum
Authors: Levin Aron M. , Gaeth Gary J. , Levin Irwin P. , Chen Shiyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we focus on the role of social functioning on consumer behavior, exploring social media use as a mediating factor. In order to facilitate our identification of social functioning competence as a factor, we increased the range by including a subgroup of respondents who identified themselves as being on the autism spectrum. Indeed, this group stood out as having difficulties in getting along with persons they interact with at school, at work and at home. We used these measures to define an individual differences index of social functioning that we call Quality of Social Functioning (QoSF). In a preliminary report, we showed that this index was predictive of social media use and its influence, with those scoring higher reacting more favorably and utilizing more of its features. In the main study, we focused on the content of social media posts by providing photos of posts that depicted either group activities or individual activities. Those scoring lower on our index gave lower ratings of posts in general, but especially for those posts depicting group activities. Results are discussed in terms of the important role of social functioning in the use of social media and its content as a vehicle for informing consumer behavior. We describe how the results of our study and related studies can be used by marketers to improve the lives of especially vulnerable consumers.
Endoscopic clipping of a complicated esophageal perforation following pneumatic dilation for achalasia: A case study and literature review
Authors: Minakari Mohammad , Sedaghat Nahad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA transmural esophageal tear complicated by large size and unusual location was diagnosed in a 59‐year‐old man after undergoing pneumatic balloon dilation for achalasia. It was closed with six endo‐clips. The patient recovered and was discharged with ordinary diet 8 days later, after receiving supportive care for a week.
Case of suspected lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia in a cervical cystic lesion during pregnancy
Authors: Suzuki Sayaka , Sugo Yoshinobu , Hiiragi Kazuya , Obata Soichiro , Iwata Akiko , Imai Yuichi , Aoki Shigeru , Kurasawa Kentaro , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) is characterized by clinically profuse and watery vaginal discharge. In pregnancy with LEGH, with watery fluid leakage persisting throughout pregnancy, it is often difficult to visually diagnose PROM. Adding to this difficulty, auxiliary diagnostic tests might also show positive results, complicating treatment and management.
Rare fibrolipoma of attached gingiva: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rezazadeh Fahimeh , Jaafari‐Ashkavandi Zohreh , Afshari Aylar , Tarjan Armaghan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLipoma is a rare benign tumor. Fibrolipoma, a variant of lipoma, is relatively uncommon in mouth tissues. Among all benign lesions of oral cavity, the approximate incidence rate of lipoma is 1%–4%, with a prevalence rate of about 0.0002%. Fibrolipoma is an extremely rare subtype of lipoma, especially in the attached gingiva. This subtype accounts for 1.6% of all facial lipomas, with a prevalence rate of 1/5000 adults in the oral and oropharyngeal region. It is diagnosed by histopathologic and immunohistochemistry evaluation and treated by total excision. Due to the adhesion to the surrounding tissues and pseudo‐infiltrating characteristics of this lesion, it can get mistaken with malignant lesions; therefore, a histological examination is mandatory. In this paper, a case of a patient with attached gingiva fibrolipoma treated by surgical excision is reported. This case report is about a 26‐year‐old female patient in Shiraz School of Dentistry with a fibrolipoma of attached gingiva. Because of fibrolipoma's growth tendency, adhesion to the surrounding tissues, and specific histological characteristics, its differential diagnosis with malignant infiltrating tumors is important. Surgical excision is the gold standard for treatment. Accurate differential diagnosis, careful histological examination, and periodic follow‐up are essential.
Influence of Triptycene Annulation on the Photochromism of Diphenylnaphthopyrans: Entropic Control of Thermal Reversion
Authors: Jana Kanyashree , Narasimha Moorthy Jarugu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRegioisomeric naphthopyrans annulated with triptycene, i. e., Prox‐NP and Dist‐NP, display divergent photochromic behaviors. While steady‐state photolysis of Dist‐NP led to a very labile colored intermediate that is not observable at room temperature, Prox‐NP yielded a remarkably stable species characterized by X‐ray crystallography as the TT isomer of o‐quinonoid intermediate (Prox‐NPQ) with t1/2 ca. 0.18 years at 298 K. The kinetic analysis of thermal reversion reveals that the bleaching of Prox‐NPQ is entropically controlled; the steric effect due to the rigid triptycene scaffold renders Prox‐NP a highly constrained system such that the photogenerated colored o‐quinonoid form is more entropically relaxed. This constitutes the first instance of an entropically‐controlled thermal reversion for the celebrated class of photochromic naphthopyrans. Based on the response of Prox‐NP and its colored intermediate Prox‐NPQ to different stimuli, namely, light, heat, and acid, the molecular system can be likened to a logic gate with the ‘INHIBIT’ function.
Photo‐Assisted Metal‐Air Batteries: Recent Progress, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Yuan Zhongke , Mao Houzai , Yu Dingshan , Chen Xudong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo meet the need of high energy density, long durability, safe and cost‐efficient energy conversion and storage devices, metal‐air batteries like Li−O2 and Zn−O2 batteries have received enormous attention and were subject to exciting development in the past decade. Photo‐assisted strategies that enable the effective combination of photo/electric energy conversion/storage render a new dimension for the conventional metal‐air batteries techniques with mere electric energy utilization. Therefore, tremendous research is ongoing in search of more efficient and durable devices with photo‐assisted strategies. This review provides an overview of photo‐assisted Li−O2 batteries, Zn−O2 batteries, and batteries with various metal/air components. The working mechanism, the basic device architecture and practical performances of various photo‐assisted systems are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, certain technical challenges and future opportunities for the photo‐assisted metal air batteries are emphasized and discussed in the hope of stimulating further research.
Zerkleinerung von Porenbeton in konventionellen Zerkleinerungsmaschinen der Bauschuttaufbereitung
Authors: Krampitz Thomas , Lieberwirth Holger , Hartl Steffen , Nüsse Alexander 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMit steigendem Kostendruck für die Entsorgung von Porenbetonabfällen rückt die Herstellung von Recyclingprodukten zunehmend in den Fokus der Betrachtungen. Allerdings fallen bei den Entsorgungsunternehmen stark schwankende Mengenströme an. Investitionen in spezialisierte Aufbereitungstechnik sind daher kaum wirtschaftlich vertretbar. In der Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die verbreitet zur Verfügung stehende konventionelle Zerkleinerungstechnik der Bauschuttaufbereitung auch für die Herstellung potenziell absatzfähiger Recyclingprodukte aus Porenbetonabfällen geeignet ist.
Equiatomic binary phases of Copper‐Rare Earth Elements. An overview of monocuprides from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Caputo Riccarda , Oran Cem , Tekin Adem , Villars Pierre 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEquiatomic binary phases of copper with rare earth (RE) elements exhibit either primitive cubic (
) or orthorhombic (Pnma) structures and in some cases both. By using density functional theory (DFT), we calculated the enthalpies of formation along the series of RE elements combined equimolarly with copper. For RE from Sc to Lu, the calculated enthalpies of formation fall in the range −49.8 kJ/mol for LuCu to −9.1 kJ/mol for the least thermodynamically stable CeCu. Except NdCu, all the other cubic or orthorhombic compounds exhibit lattice stability. Either forms of NdCu indicated lattice instability. Along the Sc‐group, the hypothetical primitive cubic and orthorhombic forms of LuCu are found thermodynamically and mechanically stable. The overall trend of the formation enthalpies as a function of the Meyer Periodic Number is consistent with the energy trend of the 4 f‐orbital filling as moving from Sc to Lu monocuprides. In addition, the calculated Gibbs free energies indicate that the thermodynamic stability is largely due to the entropic contributions. All standard DFT calculations were also repeated with DFT+U to better describe the correlation between the 5d–4f and 3d shells of RECu compounds. It has been found that DFT+U slightly affects the enthalpies of formation of RECu binaries. Moreover, DFT+U shifts up the f‐band energies of RECu with light RE elements (such as La, Ce and Pr) and in contrast lowers them in the case of RECu with heavy RE elements from Nd to Lu.
Cultured Neonatal Murine Primary Myotubes as a Model to Study Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Tamta Ankit Kumar , Shivanaiah Bhoomika , Ningaraju Sunayana , Prabhashankar Arathi Bangalore , Sundaresan Nagalingam Ravi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBesides genetic disorders, skeletal muscle atrophy mainly occurs as a consequence of underlying conditions such as prolonged inactivity, aging, and metabolic diseases, ultimately contributing to the risk of disability. Disturbances in cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in proteolysis and protein synthesis underpin muscle fiber shrinkage and decreased muscle fiber diameter. Stress‐induced primary myotube culture is an established model for studying muscle atrophy. An in vitro model is an essential criterion in establishing preliminary data in a cell‐autonomous manner that can later be validated using in vivo models. Here, we describe protocols for the isolation, culture, and differentiation of primary murine myotubes and the induction of myotube atrophy using dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid. We further elaborate the procedure to validate degenerative parameters, such as assessing muscle fiber diameter, expression of muscle atrophy genes, and protein synthesis status under dexamethasone treatment. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and culture of primary myoblasts from rat or mouse pupsSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of coated tissue culture wareSupport Protocol 2: Subculture of myoblastsBasic Protocol 2: Induction and assessment of myotube atrophy
Prognostic value of circulating tumour DNA during post‐radiotherapy surveillance in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xin , Yu Nuo , Cheng Guowei , Zhang Tao , Wang Jianyang , Deng Lei , Li Jiao , Zhao Xiaotian , Xu Yang , Yang Peng , Bai Na , Li Yin , Bi Nan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe potential of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a reliable biomarker for relapse/metastasis early detection and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) initiation requires comprehensive investigation.MethodsTreatment‐naive locally advanced ESCC patients with available baseline plasma samples were prospectively enrolled from November 2018 to January 2020. RT/CRT was delivered with a simultaneous integrated boost of radiation dose. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline (T0), week 4 of RT/CRT (T1), 1‐3 (T2) and 3‐6 months post‐RT/CRT (T3). ctDNA was analysed using next‐generation sequencing of 474 cancer‐relevant genes.ResultsA total of 128 plasma samples from 40 eligible patients were analysed (median age: 64 [range: 40‐78], 88% males, 95% stage III/IV), and the median follow‐up time was 20.6 months (range: 12.2‐33.3). During the post‐RT/CRT surveillance including 36 patients, radiological progression was observed in 16 patients, and 69% (11/16) had detectable post‐RT/CRT ctDNA prior to radiological progression, with a median lead time of 4.4 months compared with radiological imaging. ctDNA positivity at T1 (hazard ratio, HR: 3.60, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.30‐10.01) or T2 (HR: 5.45, 95% CI: 1.72‐17.26) indicated inferior progression‐free survival (PFS). ctDNA clearance between T0‐T1 (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.08‐1.13) or T0‐T2 (HR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.61) was associated with relatively favourable PFS. Similar results were obtained when focusing on patients without esophagectomy after RT/CRT. Notably, detectable ctDNA at T1 was a potential indicator of high local recurrence risks (HR: 4.43, 95% CI: 1.31‐15.04).ConclusionsctDNA was identified as a robust biomarker for early detection of disease progression and post‐RT/CRT prognosis stratification in ESCC. Detectable ctDNA at week 4 of RT/CRT might indicate higher local recurrence risks, implying the potential clinical utility of ctDNA tests in guiding post‐RT/CRT treatments for locoregional control in ESCC.
Infection by a helminth parasite is associated with changes in DNA methylation in the house sparrow
Authors: Lundregan Sarah L. , Mäkinen Hannu , Buer Amberly , Holand Håkon , Jensen Henrik , Husby Arild 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParasites can exert strong selective pressures on their hosts and influence the evolution of host immunity. While several studies have examined the genetic basis for parasite resistance, the role of epigenetics in the immune response to parasites is less understood. Yet, epigenetic modifications, such as changes in DNA methylation, may allow species to respond rapidly to parasite prevalence or virulence. To test the role of DNA methylation in relation to parasite infection, we examined genome‐wide DNA methylation before and during infection by a parasitic nematode, Syngamus trachea, in a natural population of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We found that DNA methylation levels were slightly lower in infected house sparrows, and we identified candidate genes relating to the initial immune response, activation of innate and adaptive immunity, and mucus membrane functional integrity that were differentially methylated between infected and control birds. Subsequently, we used methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (MS‐HRM) analyses to verify the relationship between methylation proportion and S. trachea infection status at two candidate genes in a larger sample dataset. We found that methylation level at NR1D1, but not CLDN22, remained related to infection status and that juvenile recruitment probability was positively related to methylation level at NR1D1. This underscores the importance of performing follow‐up studies on candidate genes. Our findings demonstrate that plasticity in the immune response to parasites can be epigenetically mediated and highlight the potential for epigenetic studies in natural populations to provide further mechanistic insight into host–parasite interactions.
Heritability of dispersal‐related larval traits in the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula
Authors: Schlatter E , Klawon CaitLynn , Webb Colleen , Buston Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA major goal of marine ecology is to identify the drivers of variation in larval dispersal. Larval traits are emerging as an important potential source of variation in dispersal outcomes, but little is known about how the evolution of these traits might shape dispersal patterns. Here, we consider the potential for adaptive evolution in two possibly dispersal‐related traits by quantifying the heritability of larval size and swimming speed in the clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula). Using a laboratory population of wild‐caught A. percula, we measured the size and swimming speed of larvae from 24 half‐sibling families. Phenotypic variance was partitioned into genetic and environmental components using a linear mixed‐effects model. Importantly, by including half‐siblings in the breeding design, we ensured that our estimates of genetic variance do not include nonheritable effects shared by clutches of full‐siblings, which could lead to significant overestimates of heritability. We find unequivocal evidence for the heritability of larval body size (estimated between 0.21 and 0.34) and equivocal evidence for the heritability of swimming speed (between 0.05 and 0.19 depending on the choice of prior). From a methodological perspective, this work demonstrates the importance of evaluating sensitivity to prior distribution in Bayesian analysis. From a biological perspective, it advances our understanding of potential dispersal‐related larval traits by quantifying the extent to which they can be inherited and thus have the potential for adaptive evolution.
Modeling the geographical distributions of Chordodes formosanus and its mantis hosts in Taiwan, with considerations for their niche overlaps
Authors: De Vivo Mattia , Huang Jen‐Pan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) have conventionally been used for evaluating the distribution of individual species, but they can also be used, through comparing different SDMs, to evaluate the geographic similarity between taxa. In this study, we used a parasite and host system to infer the geographic overlaps between species with tight biological interaction, for example, parasites and their obligate host. Specifically, we used the horsehair worm Chordodes formosanus and its three mantis hosts to study the extent of niche overlap. We retrieved presence points for the host species and the parasite, and then we built SDMs with MaxEnt implemented in ENMeval using selected bioclim variables (based on variance inflation factor values) at 30s scale. The models showed that the hosts and parasite do not occur in the high elevation areas in Taiwan, which is expected based on their biology. Interestingly, the predicted parasite distribution included areas without collection records, implying local extinction or sampling bias. We subsequently evaluated niche overlap between hosts and the parasite according to five similarity indices (Schoener's D, I statistic, relative rank, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the rank correlation coefficient rho). Our models showed a high similarity of SDM predictions between hosts and the parasite. There were differences among metrics for which host shared the highest similarity with the parasite, but the majority of the results indicated that the Japanese boxing mantis had the highest niche similarity with the horsehair worm. The choice of the niche overlap metric to use can uncover information on the parasite's ecology, which can be important for endangered species. SDMs are reliable tools for host and parasite conservation management and could help improve our understanding of parasite biology and ecology.
New potential for an old kid on the block: Impact of premorbid metformin use on lactate kinetics, kidney injury and mortality in sepsis and septic shock, an observational study
Authors: Van Moorter Nina , Tackaert Thomas , De Decker Koen , Van Vlem Bruno , De Neve Nikolaas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionSepsis and septic shock cause significant mortality worldwide, with no targeted molecular therapies available. Metformin has pleomorphic effects that may be beneficial in sepsis, but at present, the impact of metformin exposure on sepsis remains controversial. Metformin might alter lactate metabolism, but little is known about its influence on lactate kinetics. We therefore investigated the impact of preadmission metformin use on lactate kinetics, acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality in sepsis.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all ICU admissions with sepsis and septic shock between January 2013 and September 2020, identifying 77 users and 390 nonusers (subdivided in diabetics, n = 48 and nondiabetics, n = 342).Results(Sub)groups did not differ in illness severity or sepsis aetiology. Admission lactate levels were similar, but evolution in lactate over the first 24 h showed a larger decrease in users vs nonusers (median − 53% vs. −36%, p = .010). No difference in AKI or renal replacement therapy was found. Mortality was lower in users vs nonusers in case of septic shock (21.9% (n = 7) vs. 42.7% (n = 61) for 90d mortality, p = .029, OR 0.38 [95% CI: 0.15–0.93]), but showed no significant differences in the combined sepsis and septic shock population.ConclusionsIn our data, preadmission metformin use is associated with a significantly larger decrease in lactate after admission with sepsis or septic shock and with reduced mortality in septic shock. This underscores the need for further studies investigating the interplay between metformin, lactate and sepsis, thereby exploring the potential use of metformin or its pathways in sepsis.