bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition‐Conditioning Agent for Doped Spiro‐OMeTAD to Realize Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Heyi , Shen Yunxiu , Zhang Rui , Wu Yeyong , Chen Weijie , Yang Fu , Cheng Qinrong , Chen Haiyang , Ou Xuemei , Yang Haidi , Gao Feng , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe doped Spiro‐OMeTAD hole transport layer (HTL) formed using the lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide salt and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine with phenethylammonium iodide surface treatment on a perovskite film has continuously dominated the record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs). However, unstable HTL compositions and iodide salts can cause severe device degradation. In this study, an HTL composition‐conditioning agent (CCA), Spiro‐BD‐2OEG, is designed, which contains a Spiro‐OMeTAD‐like backbone, functional pyridine units, and oligo (ethylene glycol) chains. This finely designed CCA presents good miscibility with Spiro‐OMeTAD and its dopants and acts as a conditioning agent through weak bond interactions. As a result, the CCA‐regulated HTL shows a pinhole‐free and smooth morphology with enhanced Spiro‐OMeTAD ordering and improves dopant stability. In addition, the gradient‐distributed CCA in the HTL can narrow the energy level offset with the valence band of the perovskite. The resultant pero‐SCs exhibit an excellent PCE of 24.19% without any interface treatment and weak size dependence. A remarkable PCE of 22.63% is obtained even for a 1.004‐cm2 device. Importantly, the strategy shows good universality and significantly promotes the long‐term stability of the pero‐SCs based on the classical doped Spiro‐OMeTAD.
Development of Proteins for High‐Performance Energy Storage Devices: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies
Authors: Wang Tianyi , He Di , Yao Hang , Guo Xin , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn pursuit of reducing environmental impact during battery manufacture, the utilization of nontoxic and renewable materials is essential for building a sustainable future. As one of the most intensively investigated biomaterials, proteins have recently been applied in various high‐performance rechargeable batteries. In this review, the opportunities and challenges of using protein‐based materials for high‐performance energy storage devices are discussed. Recent developments of directly using proteins as active components (e.g., electrolytes, separators, catalysts or binders) in rechargeable batteries are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of using proteins are compared with the traditional counterparts, and the working mechanisms when using proteins to improve the electrochemical performances of rechargeable batteries are elucidated. Finally, the future development of applying biomaterials to build better batteries is predicted.
Applying Project ECHO (Extension for Community Health Care Outcomes) to improve addiction care in rural emergency departments
Authors: Moore P. Quincy , Tilmon Sandra , Chhabra Neeraj , McCabe Daniel J. , Aks Steven E. , Johnson Daniel , Pho Mai Tuyet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdvancements in research and legislation have improved emergency provider ability to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), but dissemination into rural emergency departments (EDs) is limited. Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) allows community generalists to learn from specialists through telementoring. We aimed to use ECHO to facilitate knowledge translation, increase confidence, and change behavior of rural ED providers treating patients with OUD.MethodsStakeholder interviews were conducted with rural ED providers. A group of ED addiction experts created an ECHO curriculum with eight OUD topics. ED health professionals were recruited and completed pre/post surveys centered around knowledge and comfort with treating OUD in the ED, with focus on clinical practice and stigma. Following the ECHO model, sessions included a 20‐min didactic followed by two cases presented by participants, with discussion facilitated by faculty.ResultsTwenty‐seven participants registered; seven attended ≥75% of sessions and completed both surveys. Of the seven, three were physicians, two advanced practice providers, one nurse, and one clinical pharmacist. Eight 1‐hour sessions were conducted in two cohorts between January and December 2021. On a 5‐point Likert scale, respondents on average agreed with questions evaluating acceptability (mean ± SD 3.96 ± 0.64), appropriateness (mean ± SD 4.18 ± 1.18), and feasibility (mean ± SD 4.00 ± 1.17). Participants had a 1.09‐point increase (paired t‐test = 2.43, p = 0.05) on 7‐point Likert‐scale questions measuring self‐efficacy and a 0.13‐point change (paired t‐test = 2.64, p = 0.04) on 4‐point Likert scale questions measuring stigmatizing attitudes (reduction of attitudes). A total of 71% (5/7) reported changes in clinical practice and 57% (4/7) in departmental protocols after participation.ConclusionsOur ED OUD ECHO course successfully created a model for rural ED providers to learn from ED addiction experts. It was well received and impacted self‐reported provider stigmatizing attitudes, patient‐facing behavior, and departmental initiatives. Recruitment was challenging and participation was limited. Future efforts will target maximizing recruitment.
Soil fertility characteristics in North Carolina pastures as affected by spatial separation and renovation with annual forages
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan. J. , Poore Matt H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpatial variation in soil properties is often considered significant across broad geographical regions due to soil formation factors. However, fine‐scale variations might also be significant. This study was conducted with the original intent of assessing how simple and complex mixtures of annual forages might be used to renovate perennial pastures. Private farmers in the Flatwoods, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge Major Land Resource Areas of North Carolina tested annual forages to renovate tall fescue pastures. Soil was sampled in multiple random locations in each field at depths of 0–6, 6–12, and 12–20 cm at the beginning and ending of a 3‐yr annual forage evaluation. Relative variation among five components (year of sampling [n = 2], physiographic region [n = 3], annual forage treatment [n = 2], soil depth [n = 3], and random variation from pseudoreplicates [n = 3 in 2015 and n = 5 in 2018]) was assessed for four soil physical, 10 soil biological, and 16 soil chemical properties. Soil chemical properties were mostly affected by physiographic region (47 ± 26% of total variation) and soil depth (33 ± 18%), soil biological properties were mostly affected by soil depth (63 ± 25%) and random pseudoreplication (14 ± 6%), and soil physical properties were equally affected by pseudoreplication (35 ± 21%), physiographic region (32 ± 18%), and soil depth (29 ± 22%). The type of annual forage had no discernible effect on soil properties, even the most biologically active. A diversity of spatial variations was important, suggesting that regional‐level ecological investigations require careful attention to an appropriate sampling design considering multiple factors.
Phenological development of barnyard grass plants originating from different geographical locations
Authors: Necajeva Jevgenija , Royo‐Esnal Aritz , Loddo Donato , Jensen Peter , Taab Alireza , Synowiec Agnieszka , Uludag Ahmet , Uremis Ilhan , Murdoch Alistair , Bochenek Anna , Onofri Andrea , Torresen Kirsten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBarnyard grass [Echinochloa crus‐galli(L.) Beauv] is a competitive C4weed species that is widely distributed throughout the world. Although it originated in warm climatic conditions, currently, it is found in Europe as far north as Norway. This study aimed to compare the phenological development of plants from different climatic conditions in varying environmental conditions. To represent the contrasting climatic conditions within Europe, seeds were collected in Norway and Italy, and distributed to the study participants, to be sown at 10 different sites as two common populations. In addition to that, seeds of two to three local populations were collected near each of the sites. The development of the plants was monitored in a pot experiment set up under field conditions. The time to reach heading in the first year of the experiment was 77.6% faster (ranging from 45.9 to 98.3% on average) in the Norwegian than in the Italian population. However, in the leaf development stage, the difference between the common populations was smaller by, 23.5% on average (0–46.7%) and was mostly not significant. Our results indicate that differentE.crus‐galliecotypes, characterized by differences in their phenological development, evolved within the distribution area of this species in Europe. However, the early development of the plants progressed with negligible differences between populations. The findings reported here can be used to adapt existing models from one region to regions with different climatic conditions for use in decision support systems and for research into plant population dynamics.
Using behavior and genital swellings to monitor social dynamics and track reproductive cycling in zoo‐housed lion‐tailed macaques (Macaca silenus)
Authors: Alba Andrew C. , Wheaton Catharine J. , Weibel Chelsea J. , Hicks Pilar , Richards Beth , Lyon Cassandra E. M. , Ferrie Gina M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThough lion‐tailed macaques are managed ex situ as an assurance population, little information is available on the relationship between behavior and reproductive physiology to ensure successful management and evaluate welfare. To facilitate social and reproductive management in a group of one male and three female lion‐tailed macaques at Disney's Animal Kingdom®, we observed behaviors associated with dominance and reproduction, rated genital swellings, recorded menses, tracked ovarian cycles as determined by measurement of fecal immunoreactive progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), and monitored fecal cortisol (CORT). We analyzed the dominance hierarchy of females, compared hormone patterns of ovarian cycles with genital swellings and copulations relative to menses, and tested for correlations between hormones and behavior. The strength of the dominance hierarchy indicated moderate linearity, but relaxed after the dominant female received anxiolytic medications to reduce intraspecific aggression. Fecal P4 and E2 patterns revealed ovarian cycle lengths averaging 29.7 ± 0.8 days. The timing of single‐day E2 peaks varied between and within females' cycles. However, on average, E2 peaks occurred 6–10 days after the first day of menses, with maximum genital swellings and copulations occurring slightly thereafter in uncontracepted females. Female‐to‐female aggression and sexual behaviors with the male were related to ovarian cycle phase, but correlations between behaviors and hormones varied between females. Initiated aggression was positively correlated with E2 in the dominant and mid‐ranked females, while aggression received was positively correlated with P4 or negatively correlated with E2 in the mid‐ranked and subordinate females. In one uncontracepted female, sexual behaviors with the male were negatively correlated to P4. CORT was positively correlated to aggression in the dominant and mid‐ranked females and negatively correlated to grooming in the subordinate female. Results indicate observations of visual and behavioral cues can be used to track ovarian cycles and evaluate social dynamics and welfare in zoo‐housed lion‐tailed macaques.
Clinical performance and robustness evaluation of plasma amyloid‐β42/40 prescreening
Authors: Rabe Christina , Bittner Tobias , Jethwa Alexander , Suridjan Ivonne , Manuilova Ekaterina , Friesenhahn Michel , Stomrud Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Hansson Oskar ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Swedish BioFINDER study
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionFurther evidence is needed to support the use of plasma amyloid β (Aβ) biomarkers as Alzheimer's disease prescreening tools. This study evaluated the clinical performance and robustness of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 for amyloid positivity prescreening.MethodsData were collected from 333 BioFINDER and 121 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study participants. Risk and predictive values versus percentile of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 evaluated the actionability of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, and simulations modeled the impact of potential uncertainties and biases. Amyloid PET was the brain amyloidosis reference standard.ResultsElecsys plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 could potentially rule out amyloid pathology in populations with low‐to‐moderate amyloid positivity prevalence. However, simulations showed small measurement or pre‐analytical errors in Aβ42 and/or Aβ40 cause misclassifications, impacting sensitivity or specificity. The minor fold change between amyloid PET positive and negative cases explains the biomarkers low robustness.DiscussionImplementing plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 for routine clinical use may pose significant challenges, with misclassification risks.Highlights
Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ruled out amyloid PET positivity in a setting of low amyloid‐positive prevalence.
Including (pre‐) analytical errors or measurement biases caused misclassifications.
Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 had a low inherent dynamic range, independent of analytical method.
Other blood biomarkers may be easier to implement as robust prescreening tools.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Defluorinative Asymmetric Cyclization of Fluoroalkyl‐Substituted 1,6‐Enynes for the Synthesis of Seletracetam
Authors: Wang Kuai , Chen Jiachang , Liu Wenfeng , Kong Wangqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe introduction of fluorine‐containing groups into organic molecules can significantly affect their physical and chemical properties and has long been used as an effective strategy for drug discovery and development. Consequently, the development of catalytic asymmetric methods for the synthesis of fluorine‐containing heterocycles is highly desirable and sought after. Herein, we describe a nickel‐catalyzed defluorinative asymmetric cyclization of fluoroalkyl‐substituted 1,6‐enynes, providing an expedient access to synthetically attractive 4‐fluorovinyl‐substituted 2‐pyrrolidones in good yields with remarkable high levels of chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivities (90–99 % ee,>35 examples). This protocol features readily available starting materials and excellent functional group compatibility, and exhibits complementary regioselectivity. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of the antiepileptic drug Seletracetam.
A Water‐Stable and Red‐Emissive Radical Cation for Mutp53 Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Zikai , Qian Jieying , Liu Kai , Zhang Yunjiao , Gao Meng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCompared with conventional closed‐shell fluorophores, radical cations provide an opportunity for development of red‐to‐NIR fluorophores with small sizes and easy preparation. However, most radical cations reported in the literature suffer from poor stability in water solution and are almost non‐emissive. To tackle this challenge, we herein develop a deep‐red‐emissive and water‐stable pyrrole radical cation P⋅+−DPA−Zn, which can be easily generated from P−DPA−Zn by air oxidation. The deep‐red‐emissive P⋅+−DPA−Zn can be used for imaging‐guided mitochondria‐targeted delivery of Zn2+ into cancer cells to promote mutant p53 proteins degradation and abrogate mutp53‐manifested gain of function, including reduced chemotherapy resistance, inhibited cancer cell migration, decreased tumor cell colony and sphere formation. The water‐stable and deep‐red emissive pyrrole radical cation is thus promising for cancer theranostic applications.
Facilitating Molecular Activation and Proton Feeding by Dual Active Sites on Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Efficient CO2Photoreduction
Authors: An Xiaoqiang , Tang Qingwen , Lan Huachun , Liu Huijuan , Yu Xuelian , Qu Jiuhui , Lin Huiwen , Ye Jinhua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoreduction of CO2provides an appealing way to alleviate the energy crisis and manage the global carbon balance but is limited by the high activation energy and the rate‐limiting proton transfer. We now develop a dual‐site strategy for high‐efficiency CO2conversion through polarizing CO2molecules at pyridine N vacancies and accelerating the intermediate protonation by protonated pyridine N adjacent to nitrogen vacancies on polymeric carbon nitride. Our photocatalysts with atomic‐level engineered active sites manifest a high CO production rate of 1835 μmol g−1 h−1, 183 times higher than the pristine bulk carbon nitride. Theoretical prediction and experimental studies confirm that such excellent performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between vacant and protonated pyridine N in decreasing the formation energy of the key *COOH intermediates and the efficient electron transfer relay facilitated by the defect‐induced shallow trap state and homogeneous charge mediators.
Self‐reinforced polymer composites: An opportunity to recycle plastic wastes and their future trends
Authors: Babu NB Karthik , Mensah Rhoda Afriyie , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran , Rashedi Ahmad , Athimoolam Pugazhenthi , Aseer J. Ronald , Das Oisik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymers and their composites have played an important role in industrial development. Polymer composites are becoming much stronger and more competitive than other materials as a result of ongoing research and development. This was made possible by newly developed techniques that could alter the physical and chemical properties of constituents. One of them is the self‐reinforcement technique, which allows for the fabrication of high‐strength thermoplastic polymer composites with reserved degradability, which is not possible with glass fiber/carbon fiber reinforcement. A self‐reinforced polymer composite is made of a single polymeric material, which serves as both the matrix and the reinforcement. This review article discusses the use of self‐reinforcement in various polymers and its impact on mechanical, thermal, and fire properties. Furthermore, the effects of process parameters (such as temperature and time, an), reinforcement structure, and mechanical property variation on the structure of self‐reinforced composites are reviewed and presented in detail. In addition, the effect of foreign filler addition (such as flame retardants, inorganic particles, natural fibers, etc.) on self‐reinforced composites is highlighted. In the end, the need for future research and its scope is presented.
Einsatzstellenbewertungen der deutschen Feuerwehren – Brandversuche in situ
Authors: Maiworm Björn , Göldner Moritz , Engel Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie deutschen Feuerwehren erfassen seit dem Jahr 2016 systematisch signifikante Brände in Gebäuden. Teil dieser Erfassung ist die Überprüfung, ob Schutzziele verletzt werden. Die Branddirektion München wertet diese Daten für den Fachausschuss Vorbeugender Brand‐ und Gefahrenschutz der deutschen Feuerwehren (FA VB/G) aus und kooperiert dabei mit der Technischen Universität München. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die Methode und die ersten Erkenntnisse aus dieser Statistik dar. Erste Trends zeigen eine erheblich hohe Anzahl von Rauchausbreitungen, die direkte Wirkung des abwehrenden Brandschutzes und organisatorischer Brandschutzmaßnahmen.
Engineering placenta‐like organoids containing endogenous vascular cells from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Cui Kangli , Chen Tingwei , Zhu Yujuan , Shi Yang , Guo Yaqiong , Qin Jianhua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe placenta is an essential organ that maintains the health of both the fetus and its mother. Understanding the development of human placenta has been hindered by the limitations of existing animal models and monolayer cell cultures. Models that can recapitulate the essential aspects of human placental multicellular components and vasculature are still lacking. Herein, we presented a new strategy to establish placenta‐like organoids with vascular‐like structures from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells in a defined three‐dimensional (3D) culture system. The resulting placenta‐like tissue resembles first‐trimester human placental development in terms of complex placental components and secretory function. The multicellular tissue was characterized by the inclusion of trophoblasts (cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, and other endogenous vascular cells), which were identified by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry analyses, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and single‐cell RNA‐seq. Moreover, the 3D tissue was able to secrete the placenta‐specific hormone human chorionic gonadotropin β (hCG‐β) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The tissue responded to the inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and VEGF receptor inhibitors. This new model system can represent the major features of placental cellular components, and function, which have not been realized in 2D monolayer cultures. The developed tissue system might open new avenues for studying normal early human placental development and its disease states.
Reduced N6‐Methyladenosine Mediated by METTL3 Acetylation Promotes MTF1 Expression and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth
Authors: Yang Ying , Qian Cai Qian , Sheng Fu Li , Wei Dong Yi , Fan Fei , Zhong Wu Xing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractN6‐Methyladenosine (m6A), one of the post‐transcriptional modifications of RNA, is important in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of its regulation remains elusive. We here show that exposure of HCC cells to sulfatide significantly reduced the total mRNA m6A modification. Interestingly, METTL3 protein was robustly acetylated and the binding of METTL3 to MTF1 mRNA, METTL14 or WTAP was weakened in cells treated with sulfatide. Further investigation of the METTL3 complex revealed recruitment of the deacetylase scaffold SIN3B, but a diminished level of histone deacetylase HDAC2, which might enhance the acetylation of METTL3. The m6A abundance in MTF1 mRNA was markedly decreased in cells after sulfatide treatment. The expression of MTF1, a zinc‐dependent transcription factor, was significantly strengthened with reduced m6A modification. Sulfatide prolonged the half‐life of MTF1 mRNA, while the mutation (A to C) on 7 methylation sites in the 3’UTR of MTF1 mRNA enhanced MTF1 mRNA stability. 3‐deaza‐adenosine, an m6A methylation inhibitor, significantly reduced the m6A modification of MTF1 mRNA but extended its half‐life time. Importantly, overexpression of MTF1 prompted HCC cell proliferation and was associated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, the METTL3‐METTL14‐WTAP complex was regulated by acetylation induced by sulfatide to control MTF1 m6A methylation and its mRNA transcription, which was important for the tumor growth and migration of HCC.