bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying leverage points for shifting Water-Energy-Food nexus cases towards sustainability through the Networks of Action Situations approach combined with systems thinking
Authors: Kellner Elke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the twenty-first century, the world´s demand for natural resources is more pressing and deeply interconnected than ever before. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has gained growing interest as a promising concept for complex resource management challenges. However, knowledge about the root causes of cross-sectoral coordination problems and how they can be shifted towards sustainability is still lacking. This paper fills this gap by conceptualising a WEF nexus case with the Networks of Action Situations approach combined with systems thinking. This approach allows a deep analysis of the root causes of coordination gaps, facilitates a joint understanding of the system dynamics to identify leverage points for shifting the WEF nexus towards sustainability, and to envision the impact of potential interventions on the network of action situations and their outcome. The value and the reciprocal benefits of the combined approach introduced are illustrated for a case in Switzerland, Europe. The results show a coordination gap between the different sectors and that not all sectors were considered equally. This leads to a prioritization of energy production over water-bound biodiversity and food production. The root causes for this outcome are a focus to mitigate climate change and awareness of biodiversity but much less awareness of the impacts of climate change on Swiss water bodies. The study identifies five deep leverage points for interventions, which are expected to ensure a shared systemic problem understanding and more balanced coordination between different sectors resulting in the sustainable and equitable provision and utilization of WEF resources.
Irish Roma: a literature review
Authors: O’Sullivan Aoife , Rooney Darragh , O’Gorman Clodagh S. , Murphy Anne Marie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is estimated that the Roma are the largest ethnic minority population in Europe (HSE in Roma Intercultural Guide, 2020). There is a dearth of information in the Irish medical literature on the Roma in Ireland. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the Roma in Ireland, to identify Roma-specific culture, family structure, paediatric illness, and health equality within the context of the Irish population. To do this, a review was completed of the English language literature on Roma available from 2010 to 2021 using web of science databases. Relevant clinicians and organisations were contacted to compile data on the Irish Roma to inform appropriate action in Roma child health. Up until 2021, the national census in Ireland did not include Roma as a category in ethnicity (HSE in Roma Intercultural Guide, 2020). As such, it is difficult to get an accurate number of the population in Ireland. Pavee Point Traveller and Roma Centre in 2009 estimated a population of approximately 5000 (National Traveller and Roma Inclusion Strategy in Justice.ie, 2017). The majority of the Roma in Ireland are Romanian (National Traveller and Roma Inclusion Strategy in Justice.ie, 2017). There is limited understanding of their culture in Ireland (National Traveller and Roma Inclusion Strategy in Justice.ie, 2017). Often overlooked, small indigenous groups or nomadic races have unmet medical needs (National Traveller and Roma Inclusion Strategy in Justice.ie, 2017). Across Europe, they have a lower life expectancy and higher burden of illness due to lower socioeconomic status, discrimination, and poor access to health services (National Traveller and Roma Inclusion Strategy in Justice.ie, 2017). Cultural competence is necessary to provide effective healthcare.
Fast Streamline Search: An Exact Technique for Diffusion MRI Tractography
Authors: St-Onge Etienne , Garyfallidis Eleftherios , Collins D. Louis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, a hierarchical search algorithm is proposed to efficiently compute the distance between similar tractography streamlines. This hierarchical framework offers an upper bound and a lower bound for the point-wise distance between two streamlines, which guarantees the validity of a proximity search. The proposed streamline representation enables the use of space-partitioning search trees to increase the tractography clustering speed without reducing its accuracy. The resulting approach enables a fast reconstruction a sparse distance matrix between two sets of streamlines, for all similar streamlines within a given radius. Alongside a white matter atlas, this fast streamline search can be used for accurate and reproducible tractogram clustering.
Vaginal injuries after consensual sexual intercourse — a survey among office-based gynecologists in Hamburg, Germany
Authors: Lohner L. , Nigbur L. , Klasen C. , Witzel I. , Garland J. , Ondruschka B. , Anders S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Studies on the occurrence of injuries following consensual sexual intercourse (CSI) among patients treated by office-based gynecologists are lacking. This survey aimed to assess the presence and medical relevance of vaginal injuries after CSI in gynecological office-based practice, associated risk factors, and their significance for forensic medical assessment practice. All office-based gynecologists in Hamburg, Germany (n = 316), were asked to fill in a one-page questionnaire via a fax survey. The questionnaire covered various aspects such as having observed CSI-related injuries, injury severity, risk factors, and concomitant factors (bleeding, need for surgical care, hospitalization). Response rate was 43.2% (n = 115). Overall, 83.5% of office-based gynecologists reported having observed vaginal injuries after CSI at least once and 59.1% repeatedly. Regarding maximum injury severity, 52.1% observed mucosal erosions, 32.3% mucosa penetrating injuries, and 14.6% injuries penetrating the vagina. Having observed bleeding was reported by 56.3%, 28.1% had to perform surgical suture care, and hospital admission was initiated by 20.8%. Menopause (37.5%), use of objects (19.8%), alcohol, and/or drug use (16.7%) were reported as the most frequently observed associated risk factors. Vaginal injuries after CSI have been observed by the majority of office-based gynecologists in Hamburg involving a wide spectrum of severity, including the necessity of surgical care and hospital admission. Complementing published work in clinical and emergency medicine, these findings are highly relevant to the forensic evaluation of injuries in an allegation of sexual assault, as the severity of a vaginal injury in this setting does not necessarily support a conclusion on the issue of consent.
Livin promotes Th2-type immune response in airway allergic diseases
Authors: Wang Yue , Xiang Zhiyu , An Miaomiao , Jia Huijing , Bu Chunyan , Xue Yanfeng , Wei Yao , Li Ruiying , Qi Xueping , Cheng Fengli , Zhao Changqing , Xue Jinmei , Yang Pingchang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of livin on the Th2 immune response in airway allergic diseases (AAD) and explore the interaction among livin, GATA3, IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of AAD patients.

Methods
WT mice and livin KO mice were developed for model of AAD. Th2 cell levels in the lung tissues and spleen were assessed by flow cytometry. Also, it was assessed in the culture after exposing to livin inhibitor (Lp-15); the protein and mRNA levels of livin, GATA3 and IL-4 in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with or without AAD were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Finally, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was employed to identify the interaction between livin and GATA3.

Results
Compared with WT mouse, Th2 cell frequency in lung tissues and spleen was significantly decreased in livin KO mouse; after adding Lp-15, the differentiation from Naive CD4+T cells in spleen to Th2 cells was blocked; the protein and mRNA levels of livin, GATA3 and IL-4 in AAD group were higher than that in control group. The levels of livin were positively correlated with IL-4, and GATA3 was also positively correlated with IL-4 and livin. GATA3 was detected in the protein complex co-precipitated with livin antibody, and livin was also detected in the protein complex co-precipitated by GATA3 antibody.

Conclusion
Livin increases the expression of IL-4 and facilitates naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, which triggers airway allergy.
The Effect of Thermal Stresses on the Electrical Resistance of Crimped Connections
Authors: Galliana F. , Bellavia L. , Caria S. E. , Perta A. P. , Roccato P. E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCables headed with crimped lugs are frequently used in test laboratories in temperature rise tests carried out to validate electrical devices. The increase in the electrical resistance of the crimped connections can cause high dissipation of power and heat during these tests, impairing their outcome. This work evaluates the effect of thermal stresses on the resistance and on the dissipated power of crimped connections. This resistance was found to be more sensitive to thermal stresses than to mechanical ones analysed in a previous work. A limit of the dissipated power from crimped connections during temperature rise tests was estimated to be about 4 W corresponding to a crimp resistance of 24 μΩ for tests made at 400 A. Respecting these limits could avoid unnecessary rejections of equipment under test.
Petrophysical analysis of well logs and core samples for reservoir evaluation: a case study of southern Issaran Field, Gulf of Suez province, Egypt
Authors: Aziz Emad A. Abd El , Gomaa Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding basic petrophysical properties may enhance the recovery of residual oil saturation and help in reservoir management. Reservoir oil saturation is the fraction of the porosity of a zone occupied by oil. The trapping may increase with the increase of porosity. Oil reservoirs represent a significant fraction of the reservoirs in the world-wide. We try to make a reservoir evaluation using petrophysical analysis of well logs and core samples at Issaran Field, South Gharib Formation, West of the Gulf of Suez, southeast Egypt. This area was heavily influenced by the structural setting of the Gulf of Suez’s central province, which is characterized by major SW dipping faults with a regional stratigraphic dip toward the NE. The high structural blocks are located in the center of the research area, and the low structural region is located in the southwest. South Gharib Formation is primarily composed of carbonates with few sulfates that grade upwards into sulfate-rich beds in the upper part. Laminated dolomitic limestone, with evaporites grades, changes downward into laminated dolomitic limestone and marly limestone, in the lower part. The anhydrite and dolomite units near the bottom have spotty oil stains. The structural setup is continued by the spread and deposition of this formation. We try to make analytical examination, of some reservoirs, accomplished by analyzing both well log data and core rock samples, vertically and laterally. According to the study of the horizontal permeability to vertical permeability ratio (Permeability anisotropy; $$\lambda_{k}$$

λ
k

), the reservoir is laminated rock ($$\lambda_{k} = 1.1 - 5$$

λ
k

=
1.1
-
5

), with a few data samples nearly isotropic ($$\lambda_{k} = {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {1.1}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {1.1}}$$

λ
k

=

1

/

1.1

–1.1) and fractured ($$\lambda_{k} = {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {2.5}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2.5}}$$

λ
k

=

1

/

2.5

–1/1.1). Reservoir data histograms show that the most typical values of the data are 20–30% oil saturation and 7–10% porosity. The net-pay zone varies from four to 71 feet at different depths (897–1414 feet). Due to low shale content, water saturation, high effective porosity values, hydrocarbon saturation, may show higher net-pay thickness. These results may help to enhance the oil recovery. The area in the middle of the research area is suggested for future hydrocarbon development and using more petrophysical analysis.
Glioma extracellular vesicles for precision medicine: prognostic and theragnostic application
Authors: Marei Hany E. , Althani Asmaa , Afifi Nahla , Hasan Anwarul , Caceci Thomas , Cifola Ingrid , Caratelli Sara , Sconocchia Giuseppe , D’Agnano Igea , Cenciarelli Carlo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEV produced by tumour cells carry a diverse population of proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA molecules throughout the body and appear to play an important role in the overall development of the disease state, according to growing data. Gliomas account for a sizable fraction of all primary brain tumours and the vast majority of brain malignancies. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a kind of grade IV glioma that has a very dismal prognosis despite advancements in diagnostic methods and therapeutic options. The authors discuss advances in understanding the function of extracellular vesicles (EVs), in overall glioma growth, as well as how recent research is uncovering the utility of EVs in glioma diagnostics, prognostic and therapeutics approaches.
Spring water quality assessment of Anantnag district of Kashmir Himalaya: towards understanding the looming threats to spring ecosystem services
Authors: Bhat Sami Ullah , Nisa Asmat Un , Sabha Inam , Mondal Nepal C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reports the significance of freshwater springs primarily in meeting drinking water demands besides offering various ecosystem services. We analyzed a total of eighteen hydrochemical quality parameters using standard methods from various representative springs of Anantnag district, Kashmir Himalaya. Groundwater quality profiles were generated in a GIS environment for each parameter. Additionally, statistical methods were employed to understand the interdependence of water quality parameters. Highly variable dissolved oxygen (0.4–9.2 mg L−1) and relatively higher values of nitrate ranging from 57 to 2668 µg L−1 noticed during the study may be mostly related to contamination from agricultural waste. The findings of this study revealed that the springs are predominantly hard water type as the water samples found were calcium-rich and exhibited higher total phosphorus in a few samples owing to limestone lithology in the catchment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the data generated chiefly three components (VF1, VF2, and VF3) having Eigen values of 2.0 or more (2.28–5.37) contributing for 31.63%, 17.99% and 13.44% of the total variance, respectively. The water quality index (WQI) of the samples for drinking purpose ranged from good to excellent. In light of our findings, it is argued that springs offer a potential, although partial, solution to the drinking water demands of a burgeoning population in Indian Himalayan region. However, equally important is to have a thorough investigation of springs to explore the impacts of other forms of pollution, including heavy metals, pesticides and antibiotic wastes, which can diminish much-needed ecosystem services.
Enhancement of nickel laterite ore bioleaching by Burkholderia sp. using a factorial design
Authors: Carpen Hannah L. , Giese Ellen C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterest in low-grade Ni-laterite ores has increased in recent years; however, the laterite process has proven technically difficult and costly, and the development of alternative low-cost biotechnologies for Ni solubilization has been encouraged. In this context, for the first time, a sample of Brazilian Ni-laterite ore was subjected to microbial bioleaching using a heterotrophic Burkholderia sp. strain. Experiments were performed in a 23 two-level full factorial design by determining the influence of glucose concentration (5–15%, w/v), Ni-laterite ore concentration (0.25–0.75%, w/v), and cultivation period (14–42 days) on Ni solubilization. The variable more important for Ni-laterite bioleaching was the glucose concentration (x1). Bioleaching batch experiments demonstrated that about 87% Ni (7.5 mg Ni/g ore) were solubilized by Burkholderia sp. after 42 days. This study's significance is that it has opened up an opportunity for the potential application of potassium-solubilizing bacterial strains to process low-grade Ni-laterite ores.
Drought monitoring using the long-term CHIRPS precipitation over Southeastern Iran
Authors: Mianabadi Ameneh , Salari Khosro , Pourmohamad Yavar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change and global warming are often considered the main reason for water scarcity in Iran. However, there is little evidence showing that the arid/wet regions get drier/wetter due to climate change. Some researchers believe that parts of water challenges in Iran arise from bad governance and mismanagement of water resources. To address the role of climate change on the water scarcity, this study aims to detect the drought trends in the southeast of Iran to investigate drought characteristics changes during 1981–2020. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test was used for this purpose. CHIRPS product was collected as an alternative source of ground data for trend analysis of drought characteristics. The evaluation metrics show that the CHIRPS product performs better at monthly and annual scales (correlation higher than 0.8) than daily (correlation less than 0.4). The results also illustrate that the duration and severity of short-term droughts (3, 6, and 9 months) have decreased, while their intensity has increased. Conversely, duration, severity, and intensity changes for long-term droughts (12, 18, and 24 months) are insignificant. The trend in the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) showed that, in general, the southeast of Iran has not been getting drier during the last four decades. One may conclude that the change in precipitation is not the only reason for water challenges in this area, and both natural and anthropogenic drought might cause water scarcity. Accordingly, it is suggested that the effects of human activities and governmental plans should be considered as well.
Kinematic reverse flood routing in natural rivers using stage data
Authors: Tayfur Gokmen , Moramarco Tommaso 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn many developing countries, due to economic constraints, a single station on a river reach is often equipped to record flow variables. On the other hand, hydrographs at the upstream sections may also be needed for especially assessing flooded areas. The upstream flow hydrograph prediction is called the reverse flood routing. There are some reverse flood routing pocedures requiring sophisticated methods together with substantial data requirements. This study proposes a new reverse flood routing procedure, based upon the simple kinematic wave (KW) equation, requiring only easily measurable downstream stage data. The KW equation is first averaged along a channel length at a fixed time, t, assuming that channel width is spatially constant, and then the spatially averaged equation is averaged in time, Δt. The temporally averaged terms are approximated as the arithmetical mean of the corresponding terms evaluated at time t and t + Δt. The Chezy roughness equation is employed for flow velocity, and the upstream flow stage hydrograph is assumed be described by a two parameter gamma distribution (Pearson Type III). The spatially averaged mean flow depth and lateral flow are related to the downstream flow stage. The resulting routing equation is thus obtained as a function of only downstream flow stage, meaning that the method mainly requires measurements of downstream flow stage data besides the mean values of channel length, channel width, roughness coefficient and bed slope. The optimal values of the parameters of reverse flood routing are obtained using the genetic algorithm. The calibration of the model is accomplished by using the measured downstream hydrographs. The validation is performed by comparing the model-generated upstream hydrographs against the measured upstream hydrographs. The proposed model is applied to generate upstream hydrographs at four different river reaches of Tiber River, located in central Italy. The length of river reaches varied from 20 to 65 km. Several upstream hydrographs at different stations on this river are generated using the developed method and compared with the observed hydrographs. The method predicts the time to peak with less than 5% error and peak rates with less than 10% error in the short river reaches of 20 km and 31 km. It also predicts the time to peak and peak rate in other two brances of 45 km and 65 km with less than 15% error. The method satisfactorily generates upstream hydrographs, with an overall mean absolute error (MAE) of 42 m3/s.
Urban planning in Swiss cities has been slow to think about climate change: why and what to do?
Authors: Desthieux Gilles , Joerin Florent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent years have been marked by a strong popular and political mobilization around climate change. However, to what extent does this mobilization lead to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or the vulnerability of our society to the effects of climate change? This question is at the heart of the research presented, which sought to identify the barriers and levers to the integration of climate issues into urban planning of Swiss cities. The literature review first situates the integration of climate change in Swiss cities in relation to the evolution of practices at the international level. It emerged that Swiss cities have generally been late in integrating climate issues into their public policies. Practices still focus strongly on energy policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but adaptation measures in urban planning are poorly implemented. In order to better understand the reasons for this slow and late integration of climate change into urban planning of Swiss cities, a survey was conducted among more than 200 professionals. It showed that the evolution of practices is generally driven by “pioneering” actors who are strongly mobilized by personal values and who use specialized and scientific sources of information. Finally, two focus groups with representative professionals were organized in order to deepen the barriers and levers observed and to formulate sound recommendations for integrating the climate issue into urban planning. Two lines of action emerged: prioritization (strengthening legal frameworks and organizational structures) and support (training and involvement of climate experts at all stages of urban planning).