bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[Mg/Fe] ratios in the solar neighbourhood: Stellar yields and chemical evolution scenarios
Authors: Palla Marco , Santos-Peral Pablo , Recio-Blanco Alejandra , Matteucci Francesca 
Published: May 2022

Context. The [Mg/Fe] abundance ratios are a fundamental fossil signature used to trace the chemical evolution of the disc and to divide it into low-α and high-α populations. Despite the huge observational and theoretical efforts, discrepancies between models and data are still present and several explanations have been put forward to explain the [α/Fe] bimodality.
Aims. In this work we take advantage of a new AMBRE:HARPS dataset, which provides new more precise [Mg/Fe] estimations and reliable stellar ages for a subsample of stars, to study the [α/Fe] bimodality and the evolution of the solar neighbourhood.
Methods. The data are compared with detailed chemical evolution models for the Milky Way, exploring the most used prescriptions for stellar yields and different formation scenarios for the Galactic disc (i.e. the delayed two-infall and the parallel models), including prescriptions for stellar radial migration.
Results. We see that most of the stellar yield prescriptions struggle to reproduce the observed trend of the data and that semi-empirical yields describe best the [Mg/Fe] evolution in the thick and thin discs. In particular, most of the yields still predict a steeper decrease of the [Mg/Fe] ratio at high metallicity than shown by the data. The bulk of the data are well reproduced by the parallel and two-infall scenarios, but both scenarios have problems in explaining the most metal-rich and metal-poor tails of the low-α data. These tails can be explained in light of radial migration from the inner and outer disc regions, respectively.
Conclusions. Despite the evidence of stellar migration, it is difficult to estimate the actual contribution of stars from other parts of the disc to the solar vicinity in the data we adopt. However, the comparison between data and models suggests that peculiar histories of star formation, such as that of the two-infall model, are still needed to reproduce the observed distribution of stars.
First investigation of the diamagnetic cavity boundary layer with a 1D3V PIC simulation
Authors: Beth A. , Gunell H. , Simon Wedlund C. , Goetz C. , Nilsson H. , Hamrin M. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Amongst the different features and boundaries encountered around comets, one remains of particular interest to the plasma community: the diamagnetic cavity. Crossed for the first time at 1P/Halley during the Giotto flyby in 1986 and later met more than 700 times by the ESA Rosetta spacecraft around Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, this region, almost free of any magnetic field, surrounds nuclei of active comets. However, previous observations and modelling of this part of the coma have not yet provided a definitive answer as to the origin of such a cavity and on its border, the diamagnetic cavity boundary layer.
Aims. We investigate which forces and equilibrium might be at play and balance the magnetic pressure at this boundary down to the spatial and temporal scales of the electrons in the 1D collisionless case. In addition, we scrutinise assumptions made in magneto-hydrodynamic and hybrid simulations of this environment and check for their validity.
Methods. We simulated this region at the electron scale by means of 1D3V particle-in-cell simulations and SMILEI code.
Results. Across this layer, depending on the magnetic field strength, the electric field is governed by different equilibria, with a thin double-layer forming ahead. In addition, we show that the electron distribution function departs from Maxwellian and/or gyrotropic distributions and that electrons do not behave adiabatically. We demonstrate the need to investigate this region at the electron scale in depth with fully kinetic simulations.
Rückfußchirurgie am arthritischen und arthrotischen
Fuß
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Knapp Gero , Biehl Lotta Katharina , Moeller Florian , Heiß Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungObwohl der Rückfuß sowohl bei an Osteoarthrose Erkrankten als
auch in über 90% bei Rheumapatienten betroffen ist, steht er
seltener im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit als andere Gelenke. Veränderungen
sollten frühzeitig und regelmäßig erfasst und therapiert
werden, um die Mobilität nicht zu gefährden. Den Fehlstellungen
im Rückfuß (z. B. der klassische Pes planovalgus) oder bei den
Mittelfuß-Pathologien wie den Veränderungen des talonavikularen
Gelenkes, liegen bei der Arthrose andere pathologische Prozesse zugrunde als
entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Als Folge werden Letztere anders
therapiert bzw. operiert werden als bei primär degenerativen
Veränderungen. Anfangs besteht die Therapie der Wahl in der
Orthopädie-(schuh-)technischen Versorgung. Gelenkerhaltender Operationen
sind meist nur bei Arthrosepatienten möglich. Bei Rheumatikern sind die
Gelenkflächen bereits frühzeitig geschädigt, so dass nur
Arthrodesen erfolgsversprechend sind. Gleichzeitig ist die operative Versorgung
früher und „aggressiver“ zu stellen als bei an Arthrose
erkrankten Patienten. Bei der Planung und Entscheidung für eine
operative Therapie sollte immer auch eine begleitende Osteoporose
berücksichtigt werden.
Evaluation of a tryptase depletion index for better pathologic identification of mast cell activation syndrome
Authors: Zienkiewicz Tomasz , Homann Jürgen , Mücke Martin , Seidel Holger , Hertfelder Hans-Jörg , Weinstock Leonard B. , Afrin Lawrence B. , Molderings Gerhard J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Laboratory evidence supporting diagnosis of the prevalent condition of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) currently includes elevated levels in blood or urine of mediators relatively specific to mast cells (MCs) and/or increased numbers of MCs in luminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues. However, identification of elevated mediators is technically challenging and expensive, and controversy persists regarding the normal ranges of numbers/counts of MCs in various GI tract segments, let alone challenges in determining how many of the visualized MCs are activated. To aid diagnosis of MCAS, we developed a potential new approach for the pathologist to identify the extent of GI tract MC activation easily and inexpensively.
Participants and Methods Visualization of MCs in gastrointestinal biopsies from 251 patients vs. 95 controls using antibodies against CD117 and tryptase; MC counting per mm2; calculation of the difference between the CD117-positive MCs (identifying all MCs) vs. tryptase-positive MCs (identifying non-activated tryptase-containing MCs), which we define as the tryptase depletion index (TDI).
Results Mean total MC counts did not differ significantly between patients and controls, but mean TDIs differed significantly. Non-overlapping confidence intervals at the 99.9% level identified cut-offs of TDIs between patients vs. controls of 26, 45 and 32 MCs/mm2 in gastric antrum, duodenum, and colon, respectively.
Conclusions The TDI may discriminate between MCAS patients vs. controls. If this preliminary work can be independently confirmed, the TDI may become a useful additional minor diagnostic criterion for MCAS.
Fixation of the Cartilaginous Vault with Barbed Suture in Closed-Approach High-Septal-Resection Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Erdal Ayhan I. , Genç İbrahim G. , Manav Safa , Tatar Sedat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFixation of the cartilaginous vault is an important maneuver in preservation rhinoplasty to reduce hump recurrences. This paper presents a cartilaginous vault fixation technique with a barbed suture. Forty-six patients who underwent closed-approach high-septal-resection dorsal preservation rhinoplasty between August 2019 and March 2020 were included in this retrospective study. According to the cartilaginous vault fixation sutures applied, the patients were divided into two main groups as follows: (1) barbed suture and (2) conventional suture. Standardized postoperative 1-month lateral view photographs were scanned for the presence of any degree of hump recurrence. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) scale was applied at 12 months. Hump recurrence was detected in one patient in the barbed suture group (n = 21) and one patient in the conventional suture group (n = 25; p > 0.05). For the ROE scores and number of satisfied patients, no statistically significant difference was found between the barbed and conventional suture fixation techniques (p > 0.05). Fixation with barbed suture showed similar results to conventional suture fixation. Barbed sutures can be used for cartilaginous vault fixation, taking advantage of the ease of placement in closed rhinoplasty. This study reflects level of evidence IV.
Radiation exposure during modern therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound procedures and standard alternatives
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Dell’Anna Giuseppe , Loria Alessandro , Petrone Maria Chiara , Del Vecchio Antonella , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Therapeutic EUS (t-EUS) is increasingly being adopted in clinical practice in tertiary referral centers; however, little is known about radiation exposure (RE) metrics and diagnostic reference limits for it.
Methods Kerma-area product (KAP [Gy·cm2]), Air Kerma and fluoroscopy time were retrospectively evaluated for all consecutive t-EUS procedures performed in San Raffaele Institute between 2019 and 2021. For EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomies (EUS-CDS) and gastroenterostomies (EUS-GE), an equal number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) plus metal stenting and duodenal stents were included respectively for comparison.
Results Data from 141 t-EUS procedures were retrieved (49 % pancreatic cancer, 38 % peripancreatic fluid collections). EUS-CDS (N = 44) were mainly performed fluoroless, while ERCPs required a significantly higher RE (KAP = 25 [17–55], P < 0.0001). Fluid collection drainage (EUS-FCD) with lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS, N = 26) were performed fluoroless, while EUS-FCD with double-pigtail plastic stents (DPPS, N = 28) required higher RE (KAP = 23 [13–45]). EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD, N = 6) required scarce RE (KAP = 9 [3–21]) for coaxial DPPS placement. EUS-GE (N = 27) required higher RE than duodenal stenting (KAP = 44 [28–88] versus 29 [19–46], P = 0.03). EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomies (EUS-HGS, N = 10) had the highest RE among t-EUS procedures (KAP = 81 [49–123]). Procedure complexity or intervening complications were evaluated and resulted in higher RE within each procedure.
Conclusions t-EUS procedures have different RE (P < 0.000001). EUS-CDS, EUS-GBD, and EUS-FCD with LAMS can be performed with no-to-mild radioscopy, unlike standard alternatives. However, radioscopy remains essential in case of technical difficulties or complications. EUS-GE and EUS-HGS involve a high RE. Endoscopists involved in t-EUS might experience RE higher than category standards, which indicates a need for increased awareness and personalized preventive measures.
Clopidogrel Monotherapy versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Patients with Established Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tasoudis Panagiotis T. , Kyriakoulis Ioannis G. , Sagris Dimitrios , Diener Hans Christoph , Ntaios George 
Published: May 2022

Background There is no clear consensus on whether aspirin offers better outcomes in terms of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention compared with clopidogrel.
Objective The aim of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with established cardiovascular disease.
Methods A systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (last search date: August 28, 2021) was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement for randomized control trials (RCTs) of clopidogrel versus aspirin as monotherapy in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed.
Results Five RCTs incorporating 26,855 patients (clopidogrel: 13,426; aspirin: 13,429) were included. No statistically significant difference was observed between clopidogrel and aspirin in terms of all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.91–1.13]; p = 0.83), ischemic stroke (OR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.71–1.06]; p = 0.16), and major bleeding rates (OR: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.56–1.06]; p = 0.11). Patients receiving clopidogrel had borderline lower risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.71–1.00]; p = 0.05) and lower risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.71–0.97]; p = 0.02, relative risk reduction = 16.9%, absolute risk reduction = 0.5%, number needed to treat = 217 for a mean period of 20 months) compared with patients receiving aspirin.
Conclusion In patients with established cardiovascular disease, clopidogrel was associated with a 17% relative-risk reduction for nonfatal MI, borderline decreased risk for MACE, and similar risk for all-cause mortality, stroke, and major bleeding compared with aspirin.
Protocol Registration PROSPERO CRD42021283866.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Findings and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Assessed by Elastography
Authors: Lavor Claruza Braga Holanda , Viana Júnior Antonio Brazil , Medeiros Francisco das Chagas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), adding liver assessment through elastography and ultrasound, for correlation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabolic syndrome occurs in ∼ 43% of women with PCOS, and NAFLD is the hepatic expression of MetS.
Methods One hundred women, 50 with PCOS and 50 controls, matched by age (18–35 years) and body mass index (BMI) were included, restricted to patients with overweight and obesity grade 1, at the Assis Chateaubrian Maternity School, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil. For the diagnosis of PCOS, we adopted the Rotterdam criteria, and for the diagnosis of MetS, the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATP III). Hepatic elastography and ultrasound were performed to assess liver stiffness and echotexture, respectively.
Results The average ages were 29.1 (±5.3) and 30.54 (±4.39) years, for the PCOS and the control group, respectively. Patients with PCOS had a risk 4 times higher of having MetS, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 4.14, than those in the control group. Women with PCOS had higher average of abdominal circumference (100.9 ± 9.08 cm vs 94.96 ± 6.99 cm) and triglycerides (162 ± 54.63 mg/dL vs 137.54 ± 36.91 mg/dL) and lower average of HDL cholesterol (45.66 ± 6.88 mg/dL vs 49.78 ± 7.05 mg/dL), with statistically significant difference. Hepatic steatosis was observed on ultrasound in women with PCOS; however, with no statistically significant difference. There was no change to NAFLD at elastography in any group.
Conclusion Women with PCOS had 4-fold higher frequency of MetS and more hepatic steatosis, with no statistically significant difference. There was no change in liver stiffness between the groups at elastography. The results can be extended only to populations of overweight and obesity grade 1, with PCOS or not. They cannot be generalized to other untested groups.
Utilization of Telestroke Prior to and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Turner Ashby C. , Etherton Mark R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor over two decades, telestroke has been utilized as a means for improving acute access to a stroke specialist when this expertise is otherwise unavailable. During this time, telestroke use has increased and improvements in care metrics have been widely reported. Several telestroke model variations are utilized; each has different workflow implications. A successful telestroke system should include adequate protocols and training, equipment, documentation system, and tracking of quality metrics. Upfront costs of needed technology and devices, credentialing hurdles, and limited reimbursement are all reported barriers to the utilization of telestroke. Emphasis on safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the dramatic upscaling of telehealth utilization, although overall stroke volumes declined in many areas in the early phases of the pandemic. Going forward, continued reduction in cost of required devices and broadband connections, increased use of automated and advanced analytical software, and a universal licensing and credentialing system are needed to continue the expansion of telestroke use.
Telehealth for Comprehensive Care of Acute Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Matiello Marcelo , Cohen Adam B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA teleneurology hospitalist model aims to address the demand for high-quality neurologic acute care and the shortage of neurologists. Here, we review concepts and models of teleneurology services to address access and care gaps in neurology beyond telestroke models. The goal of these emergent teleservices is to empower community hospitals to deliver the highest quality care, while also reducing unnecessary patient transfers to tertiary care hospitals. We highlight the clinical models, patient populations, and innovative approaches of different tele-neurohospitalist services. This includes challenges related to clinical limitations, legal issues, and reimbursement. We highlight specific areas of research that can further clarify and refine the appropriate use, cost-effectiveness, and clinical outcomes of these telemedicine-based care models.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Endometriosis, Psychological Based Intervention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Donatti Lilian , Malvezzi Helena , Azevedo Bruna Cestari de , Baracat Edmund Chada , Podgaec Sergio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that affects women of reproductive age, causing pain and the possibility of infertility. Endometriosis was associated to low life quality and research shows the impact of endometriosis in several areas of life, justifying how these patients are more likely to develop depression, anxiety, and stress.
Objective The aim of the present systematic review was to explore the field of psychology in endometriosis, identifying studies that used the cognitive behavioral therapy technique as a treatment for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain.
Methods The keywords used were Endometriosis and Behavioral Therapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Mental Health; Psychological Techniques; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Mental Health Services; and the search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, and Capes. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and all studies whose intervention strategy used was related to cognitive-behavioral therapy were considered.
Results Of the 129 articles found, only 5 were selected, and it was possible to identify that the psychological intervention whose approach brought cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques promoted a decrease in the sensation of pain, improvements in the scores of depression and stress, and significant changes in aspects of quality of life such as vitality, physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, control, and autonomy.
Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be very promising to take care of the emotional side of those who have endometriosis However, the present systematic review highlights the need to develop more structured studies with consistent, clear and replicable methods to reach a psychological intervention protocol for patients who live with this gynecological-physical-emotional condition.
Primary Central Nervous System Angiitis Mimicking a Space-Occupying Lesion
Authors: Gandham Edmond Jonathan , Patel Bimal , Mathew Vivek , Raju Krishna Prabhu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose Intracranial space-occupying lesions are a sine qua non for neoplastic lesions; however, occasionally non-neoplastic lesions mimic neoplastic lesions, leading to diagnostic dilemmas. We report our experience with three patients who presented with a progressive hemispheric syndrome and the diagnostic considerations involved in the cases.
Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we included three patients with primary angiitis of central nervous system (PACNS) who underwent craniotomy and biopsy, suspecting it to be mass lesions. Demographic features, clinical features, radiological features, histopathology, treatment, and clinical outcomes were studied.
Results Majority were males. The male:female ratio was 2:1. Lobar involvement was common. MR brain with contrast showed features of high-grade glioma. Despite hemispheric involvement, there was no mass effect. Perilesional edema was seen in all cases. All underwent craniotomy and biopsy; histopathology was consistent with PACNS. All patients were treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Rituximab was used in addition to cyclophosphamide in one patient. At 2 years follow-up, two patients were in disease remission and one patient died due to disease progression.
Conclusion PACNS has a protean clinical manifestation. A high index of suspicion is required in cases with atypical clinical presentations, radiological features, and normal angiograms. Early histological diagnosis and aggressive immunotherapy with high-dose corticosteroids combined with intravenous cyclophosphamide yields favorable outcomes.
Adjunctive Benefit of High-Field 3 Tesla MRI Guidance in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Resection of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Multani Kartik Manoj , Balasubramaniam Anandh , Rajesh Boyina Jagadeshwar , Kumar Krishna , Manohar Nitin , Kumar Anjani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Pituitary adenomas (PAs) although benign, are difficult to resect intracranial tumors and their residues are associated with morbidity and reduced quality of life. Thus, gross total resection (GTR) is the goal for all PAs. Role of various modalities for better intraoperative visualization and thus improve resection of adenoma have been tested and each have their pros and cons. The aim of this paper is to analyze adjunctive benefit of high-field 3 Tesla intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in PAs resection by endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery (eTSS).
Materials and Methods A total of 50 patients who underwent iMRI-guided eTSS were included. MRI findings in preoperative, intraoperative, and 3 months postoperative stage were compared. Adjunctive value of iMRI in improving resection rates of adenoma, postoperative endocrinological outcomes, need for adjuvant radiotherapy, and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak rates was assessed.
Results High-field 3 Tesla iMRI helped us to detect residues in 24 (48%) patients and iMRI-guided second look surgery increased our GTR rates from initial 52 to 80% and also helped us to identify and achieve 100% GTR in intrasellar residues and parasellar residues that were medial to medial carotid tangential line. With better resection rates, need for adjuvant radiotherapy was also reduced and only 2% received adjuvant radiotherapy. Average increase in surgical time with the use of iMRI was 38.78 minutes without any side effects pertaining to prolonged surgery.
Conclusion High-field iMRI is a useful adjunct in assessment and improvement in extent of resection of PA by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Also, it was found beneficial in preserving normal anatomical gland and, thus, reducing the need for postoperative adjuvant hormonal and radiation therapy.