bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipole response of early‐summer rainfall in eastern China to 1.5 and 2.0°C global warming
Authors: Lei Yadong , Yue Xu , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2015 Paris Agreement set the goal of pursuing efforts to keep global warming to 1.5°C above the pre‐industrial level. It remains unclear how the early‐summer rainfall in China responds to moderate warming. Here, we investigate the changes in June rainfall in eastern China by 1.5 and 2.0°C warming using the ensemble projection from Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) dataset. Results reveal a dipole response in the June rainfall with the significant increase in southeastern China but a slight decrease in northeastern China at 1.5 and 2.0°C warming compared to the present day. The moisture budget analysis indicates that the dipole rainfall response is caused predominantly by the dynamic response in the anomalous circulation and in turn moisture transport. Compared to the present day, the upper‐tropospheric temperature is significantly enhanced in the tropics but decreased in middle latitudes at the 1.5 and 2.0°C warming. The enhanced poleward temperature gradient strengthens zonal wind on the south of the East Asian westerly jet, leading to a southward displacement of jet. As a result, an anomalous upward motion is reinforced over the north of 30°N with an anomalous downward motion over the south of 30°N, leading to a dipole rainfall anomaly in eastern China. In addition, the warming also induces a thermodynamic response with increased moisture and in turn rainfall across eastern China, further enhancing rainfall in southeastern China, but weakening the decreased rainfall in northeastern China.
Textbook oncologic outcomes and regionalization among patients undergoing hepatic resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Munir Muhammad M. , Alaimo Laura , Moazzam Zorays , Endo Yutaka , Lima Henrique A. , Shaikh Chanza , Ejaz Aslam , Beane Joal , Dillhoff Mary , Cloyd Jordan , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTextbook oncologic outcome (TOO) and its association with regionalization of care for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have not been evaluated.MethodsWe identified patients who underwent hepatic resection for ICC between 2004 and 2018 from the National Cancer Database. Facilities were categorized by annual hepatectomy volume for ICC. TOO was defined as no 90‐day mortality, margin‐negative resection, no prolonged hospitalization, no 30‐day readmission, receipt of appropriate adjuvant therapy, and adequate lymphadenectomy. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between annual hepatectomy volume and TOO.ResultsA total of 5359 patients underwent liver resection for ICC. TOO was achieved in 11.2% (n = 599) of patients. Inadequate lymphadenectomy was the largest impediment to achieving TOO. After adjusting for patient, pathologic, and facility characteristics, high volume facilities had 67% increased odds of achieving TOO (Ref.: low volume; high volume: odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–2.25; p < 0.001). Patients treated at high‐volume centers who achieved a TOO had better overall survival (OS) versus patients treated at low‐volume facilities (low volume vs. high volume; median OS, 47.3 vs. 71.1 months, p < 0.05).ConclusionsA composite oncologic measure, TOO, provides a comprehensive insight into the performance of liver resection and regionalization of surgical care for ICC.
Managing for red‐cockaded woodpeckers is more complicated under climate change
Authors: Lucash Melissa S. , Weiss Shelby , Duveneck Matthew J. , Scheller Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOpen pine (Pinusspp.) savannas are home to the federally endangered red‐cockaded woodpecker (Leuconotopicus borealis). Frequent fires are essential for maintaining the open canopy and wiregrass (Aristida stricta) groundcover preferred by these woodpeckers, which face ongoing threats from climate change, hurricanes, and land use change. Our objective was to project future changes in habitat for red‐cockaded woodpeckers at the Fort Bragg military installation in North Carolina, USA, under different scenarios of climate and disturbances from 2000 to 2050. We used a spatially explicit, forest simulation model (LANDIS‐II) to simulate climate change, hurricanes, and forest management (prescribed fire, thinning, harvesting). We examined the relative risks of climate change and hurricanes to red‐cockaded woodpecker habitat and quantified the capacity of management practices to promote their habitat, given hurricanes and projected changes in climate. Climate change had little direct effect on red‐cockaded woodpecker habitat, but it reduced the capacity of managers to use prescribed fire, as currently practiced. This effect became more pronounced in the scenario with low prescribed fire frequency, which caused a 10% decline in habitat under climate change. Hurricanes had a more substantial impact on red‐cockaded woodpecker habitat than climate change or management, causing an average decline in extent by 41% compared to scenarios without hurricanes. Our work suggests that hurricanes pose a greater threat to red‐cockaded woodpecker habitat than climate change, but despite these threats, overall habitat will likely still increase until 2050, which bodes well for this endangered species. Deployment of prescribed burning became more challenging under climate warming, and if this trend continues, it may threaten red‐cockaded woodpecker conservation efforts over the next century.
Local differences in maximum temperature determine water use among desert bighorn sheep populations
Authors: Glass Danielle M. , Prentice Paige R. , Evans Ashley D. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe availability of surface water is assumed by many wildlife managers to be important to desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni). Yet scientific evidence suggests bighorn sheep populations can sometimes fulfill their water requirements from forage alone. To investigate how water use changes with environmental conditions, we analyzed the surface water use and movement patterns of 4 desert bighorn populations across a range of meteorological conditions in the Mojave Desert in California, USA. We compared ground‐based weather data to the daily use of surface water sources for 65 known individuals, and examined the movement patterns of 18 of these individuals with global positioning system collars in relation to visitation to surface water sources. Maximum daily temperature most closely predicted the percent of bighorn visiting water daily, with visitation increasing approximately 30% between 30°C and 40°C. Individual animals switched from a tortuous foraging movement to directed movement when accessing surface water. Day length, maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, solar radiation, and the interaction between day length and minimum temperature explained the distance desert bighorn were located from the nearest water source. Our results indicate that local meteorological conditions are important determinants of desert bighorn surface water use, and that managers should monitor water sources when the maximum daily temperature exceeds 35°C. Individual animals meet their water requirements with surface water under hot and dry conditions, likely because it is temporally or energetically efficient given their other resource needs.
Geobacter sulfurreducens metabolism at different donor/acceptor ratios
Authors: Frühauf‐Wyllie Hanna Marianne , Holtmann Dirk 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeobacter species have great application potential in remediation processes and electrobiotechnology. In all applications, understanding the metabolism will enable target‐oriented optimization of the processes. The typical electron donor and carbon source of the Geobacter species is acetate, while fumarate is the usual electron acceptor. Here, we could show that depending on the donor/acceptor ratio in batch cultivation of Geobacter sulfurreducens different product patterns occur. With a donor/acceptor ratio of 1:2.5 malate accumulated as an intermediate product but was metabolized to succinate subsequently. At the end of the cultivation, the ratio of fumarate consumed and succinate produced was approximately 1:1. When fumarate was added in excess, malate accumulated in the fermentation broth without further metabolization. After the addition of acetate to stationary cells, malate concentration decreased immediately and additional succinate was synthesized. Finally, it was shown that also resting cells of G. sulfurreducens could efficiently convert fumarate to malate without an additional electron donor. Overall, it was demonstrated that by altering the donor/acceptor ratio, targeted optimization of the metabolite conversion by G. sulfurreducens can be realized.
Upstream collusion and corporate social responsibility in downstream competition
Authors: Ying Bin , Wang Leonard F. S. , Zhang Qidi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impacts of downstream CSR on upstream tacit collusion. Considering an infinitely repeated game with trigger strategy punishment, we find that how consumer‐oriented CSR affects the stability of upstream collusion basically hinges on the downstream competition modes. Specifically, CSR behavior facilitates (hinders) upstream collusion under downstream quantity (price) competition. For given degree of CSR and product substitutability, upstream collusion is always less stable under downstream price competition. In addition, higher degree of product substitutability obstructs collusion, regardless of downstream competition mode.
Muscle/musculocutaneous versus fasciocutaneous free flap reconstruction in the lower extremity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shimbo Keisuke , Kawamoto Haruka , Koshima Isao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundFree flaps for soft tissue coverage of the lower extremity can be broadly divided into muscle/musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess their different post‐operative outcomes.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science from their inception to February 2022. Non‐randomized comparative studies, which describe any post‐operative outcome of muscle/musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous free flaps reconstruction in the lower extremity were included. Articles with duplicate titles, editorials, review articles, case series, case reports, and publications lacking an abstract, those reporting pediatric patients, those describing only muscle/musculocutaneous or fasciocutaneous free flaps, those with incomplete or incomparable post‐operative outcomes, and studies involving <10 muscle/musculocutaneous or fasciocutaneous free flaps were excluded. A comparative meta‐analysis was conducted on muscle/musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous free flaps outcomes, comprising vascular thrombosis, partial or complete flap necrosis, infection, donor‐site complications, non‐union, and primary or recurrent osteomyelitis. The fixed‐effects meta‐analysis model was used when low heterogeneity (I2 < 50%) was identified.ResultsTwenty‐two articles with a total of 2711 flaps (1584 muscle/musculocutaneous flaps and 1127 fasciocutaneous flaps) were included in the qualitative and quantitative assessment. The rates of any flap necrosis (12.0% vs. 7.4%; p = 0.007) and donor‐site complications (16.7% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher for muscle/musculocutaneous flaps than for fasciocutaneous flaps. There were no significant differences in the rates of vascular thrombosis (10.5% vs. 10.7%; p = 0.98), complete flap necrosis (6.2% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.30), infection (19.4% vs. 14.7%; p = 0.18), non‐union (18.9% vs. 14.8%; p = 0.33), and primary or recurrent osteomyelitis (14.7% vs. 12.4%; p = 0.69).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis revealed no significant difference in long‐term post‐operative outcomes, but suggested that fasciocutaneous flaps should be preferred to avoid flap necrosis and donor‐site complications.
LiSNet: An artificial intelligence ‐based tool for liver imaging staging of hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness
Authors: Sun Shu Wen , Xu Xun , Liu Qiu Ping , Chen Jie Neng , Zhu Fei Peng , Liu Xi Sheng , Zhang Yu Dong , Wang Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPresurgical assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) aggressiveness can benefit patients’ treatment options and prognosis.PurposeTo develop an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, namely, LiSNet, in the task of scoring and interpreting HCC aggressiveness with computed tomography (CT) imaging.MethodsA total of 358 patients with HCC undergoing curative liver resection were retrospectively included. Three subspecialists were recruited to pixel‐wise annotate and grade tumor aggressiveness based on CT imaging. LiSNet was trained and validated in 193 and 61 patients with a deep neural network to emulate the diagnostic acumen of subspecialists for staging HCC. The test set comprised 104 independent patients. We subsequently compared LiSNet with an experience‐based binary diagnosis scheme and human–AI partnership that combined binary diagnosis and LiSNet for assessing tumor aggressiveness. We also assessed the efficiency of LiSNet for predicting survival outcomes.ResultsAt the pixel‐wise level, the agreement rate of LiSNet with subspecialists was 0.658 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.490–0.779), 0.595 (95% CI: 0.406–0.734), and 0.369 (95% CI: 0.134–0.566), for scoring HCC aggressiveness grades I, II, and III, respectively. Additionally, LiSNet was comparable to subspecialists for predicting histopathological microvascular invasion (area under the curve: LiSNet: 0.668 [95% CI: 0.559–0.776] versus subspecialists: 0.699 [95% CI: 0.591–0.806], p > 0.05). In a human–AI partnered diagnosis, combining LiSNet and experience‐based binary diagnosis can achieve the best predictive ability for microvascular invasion (area under the curve: 0.705 [95% CI: 0.589–0.820]). Furthermore, LiSNet was able to indicate overall survival after surgery.ConclusionThe designed LiSNet tool warrants evaluation as an alternative tool for radiologists to conduct automatic staging of HCC aggressiveness at the pixel‐wise level with CT imaging. Its prognostic value might benefit patients’ treatment options and survival prediction.
Perception of nursing students from the Middle East about caring: A descriptive, comparative, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Allari Rabia S. , Hamdan Khaldoun , Zahran Zainab , Alabdullah Amany , Salem Safaa G. , Saifan Ahmad Rajeh , Abu‐El‐Noor Nasser Ibrahim , Abu‐El‐Noor Mysoon Khalil , Al Omari Omar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the perception of undergraduate nursing students in different countries in the Middle East about caring.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive, comparative design.MethodsA total of 1,582 nursing students from six different countries in the Middle East completed the Caring Dimensions Inventory.ResultsThe total mean score of caring was 138.8 (± 15.8), indicating a high level of caring. The highest mean score was for nursing students from Egypt (M = 145.37 ± 15.97), whereas the lowest was for nursing students from Palestine (M = 135.36 ± 13.48). The caring perception was more significant for female students than male students, and no significant correlation was found between students' ages and caring scores.ConclusionsThe high level of caring among nursing students reflects the involvement of caring behaviour in the nursing curricula, which motivates nursing schools to continue stressing the importance of caring and to enhance this behaviour among their graduates.Patient or Public ContributionImproving the students' caring competencies as recommended by the study will influence the caregiving quality in the future that will be reflected in nurse–patient caring relationships and raise the patients' and public satisfaction with nursing care.
Resistivity imaging of river embankments: 3D effects due to varying water levels in tidal rivers
Authors: Ball John , Chambers Jonathan , Wilkinson Paul , Binley Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has seen increased use in the monitoring the condition of river embankments, due to its spatial subsurface coverage, sensitivity to changes in internal states, such as moisture content, and ability to identify seepage and other erosional process with time‐lapse ERT. Two‐dimensional ERT surveys are commonly used due to time and site constraints, but they are often sensitive to features of anomalous resistivity proximal to the survey line, which can distort the resultant inversion as a three‐dimensional (3D) effect. In a tidal embankment, these 3D effects may result from changing water levels and river water salinities. ERT monitoring data at Hadleigh Marsh, UK, showed potential evidence of 3D effects from local water bodies. Synthetic modelling was used to quantify potential 3D effects on tidal embankments. The modelling shows that a 3D effect in a tidal environment occurs (for the geometries studied) when surveys are undertaken at high water levels and at distances less than 4.5 m from the electrode array with 1 m spacing. The 3D effect in the modelling is enhanced in brackish waters, which are common in tidal environments, and with larger electrode spacing. Different geologies, river water compositions, and proximities to the model parameters are expected to induce a varied 3D effect on the ERT data in terms of magnitude, and these should be considered when surveying to minimize artefacts in the data. This research highlights the importance of appropriate geoelectrical measurement design for tidal embankment characterization, particularly with proximal and saline water bodies.
Two‐order superconvergence for a weak Galerkin method on rectangular and cuboid grids
Authors: Wang Junping , Wang Xiaoshen , Ye Xiu , Zhang Shangyou , Zhu Peng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article introduces a particular weak Galerkin (WG) element on rectangular/cuboid partitions that uses th order polynomial for weak finite element functions and th order polynomials for weak derivatives. This WG element is highly accurate with convergence two orders higher than the optimal order in an energy norm and the norm. The superconvergence is verified analytically and numerically. Furthermore, the usual stabilizer in the standard weak Galerkin formulation is no longer needed for this element.
Feasibility of treating pediatric intracranial germ cell tumors in a middle‐income country: The Jordanian experience
Authors: Amayiri Nisreen , Sarhan Nasim , Yousef Yacoub , Ibrahimi Ahmed Kh. , Abu‐Shanab Sobuh , Al‐Zebin Zebin , Al‐Hussaini Maysa , Musharbash Awni , Tawalbeh Ahmed , Bouffet Eric , Bartels Ute 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCT) are rare, with limited data available from Arabic countries.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of children <18 years diagnosed with iGCT at King Hussein Cancer Center/Jordan (January 2003 to December 2020) for clinical characteristics, treatment, and morbidities.ResultsSixteen patients had germinoma; median age was 6.9 years and median symptoms duration 8 months. Nine tumors were suprasellar, five pineal, and two bifocal. Four were metastatic. Eight patients had slightly elevated beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin and 11 patients had resection/biopsy. Fifteen patients received chemotherapy; mostly carboplatin (450 mg/m2)/etoposide, which had low toxicity. All patients received radiotherapy (different doses and fields). At median follow‐up of 7.7 years, one tumor recurred (progression‐free survival: 91% ± 8%). Twelve patients who continued follow‐up had stable visual and endocrine deficits to their initial presentation. Five finished or are finishing diploma and seven had poor school performance (four left school). Six patients were diagnosed with nongerminomatous germ cell tumor; median symptom duration was 1 month. Three tumors were pineal, two suprasellar, and one at quadrigeminal plate. Three were metastatic. Five tested patients had high tumor markers and four had resection/biopsy. All patients received chemotherapy, and then five received craniospinal radiation. Two patients are alive, two died with tumor progression, one died in remission with electrolyte imbalance, and one developed leukemia and died with septic shock.ConclusionsWe achieved excellent survival in treating germinoma using a feasible protocol for low middle‐income countries. However, patients encountered significant morbidities exacerbated by delayed diagnosis and unnecessary surgical interventions despite abnormal tumor markers. Raising awareness on iGCT symptomatology and diagnosis may help limit these morbidities.
Chromatographic fingerprint combined with quantitative analysis of multi‐components by single‐marker for quality control of total lignans from Fructus arctii by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Jing‐yun , Mei Jin‐wang , Wang Hai‐ying , Xu Zhao‐hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe total lignans from Fructus arctii (TLFA) is a mixture of a series of lignans isolated from dried ripe fruit of Arctium lappa L. We previously reported on the pharmacological activity of TLFA that is related to diabetes. An accurate and practical TLFA quantitative analysis method for utilising it needs to be established.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an effective quantitative analysis method for assessing the TLFA quality.MethodsA total of 11 marker components were confirmed by analysing the high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints of 24 batches of TLFA samples. The samples were prepared from TLFA and structurally identified as lappaol H, lappaol C, arctiin, arctignan D, arctignan E, matairesinol, arctignan G, isolappaol A, lappaol A, arctigenin, and lappaol F. In the quantitative analysis of multi‐components by the single‐marker (QAMS) method and with arctiin as an internal reference substance, the content of these lignans in TLFA was simultaneously determined according to their relative correction factors with arctiin.ResultsThere was no significant difference between results measured by the QAMS and traditional external standard methods. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses were performed to evaluate 24 TLFA batches based on the contents of 10 marker components. The results revealed that QAMS method combined with chemometric analyses could accurately measure and clearly distinguish the different quality samples of TLFA.ConclusionThe QAMS method is a reliable and promising quality control method for TLFA. It can provide a reference for promoting quality control of complex multi‐component systems, especially for traditional Chinese medicine.