bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blunt Trauma Associated with Scleral and Retinal Injury
Authors: Khanna Kushagra , Maruthkar Swapneel , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Vagha Sunita , Goyal Aditi 
Published: January 2022

Ruptures of the eye normally occur at the point of impact, called a direct rupture, with a strongly focused blow. Because the force is dispersed according to hydraulic law, if the force is more diffuse, the rupture will be indirect and occur in the tunic of sclera of weak location . The Physical examination commonly reveals the presence of a scleral hole of the globe following ocular trauma, however hidden perforations are common. The limbus, the area right below the ocular muscles, and the area around the optic nerve are all vulnerable locations in the sclera. A number of posterior segment abnormalities which are caused by blunt trauma, trauma to the orbit , and due to trauma related to other systemic causes. There can be several type of injuries to retina which include (commotio retinae), injury choroid, retinal pigment epithelial oedema, retinal pigment epithelial oedema (choroidal rupture), and optic nerve (evulsion of optic fibres ) which can also occur due to blunt ocular trauma. After this kind of ocular trauma, retinal detachment, traumatic macular holes may be seen. Concussive forces also lead to damage to the orbital tissues near to the globe, which can also result in injury to various structures inside the eye like (chorioretinitis sclopetaria). other types of retinal injury include Diffuse retinopathy (Putcher’s retinopathy) can be caused by systemic trauma. They tend to be circumferential rather than radial, although if the hit is powerful enough, they may spread radially. The ones near the limbus are difficult to tell apart from lacerations, while the ones further back are easy to spot.
Target margin design through analyzing a large cohort of clinical log data in the cyberknife system
Authors: Samadi Miandoab Payam , Saramad Shahyar , Setayeshi Saeed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeCalculating the adequate target margin for real‐time tumor tracking using the Cyberknife system is a challenging issue since different sources of error exist. In this study, the clinical log data of the Cyberknife system were analyzed to adequately quantify the planned target volume (PTV) margins of tumors located in the lung and abdomen regions.MethodsIn this study, 45 patients treated with the Cyberknife module were examined. In this context, adequate PTV margins were estimated based on the Van Herk formulation and the uncertainty estimation method by considering the impact of errors and uncertainties. To investigate the impact of errors and uncertainties on the estimated PTV margins, a statistical analysis was also performed.ResultsOur study demonstrates five different sources of errors, including segmentation, deformation, correlation, prediction, and targeting errors, which were identified as the main sources of error in the Cyberknife system. Furthermore, the clinical evaluation of the current study reveals that the two different formalisms provided almost identical PTV margin estimates. Additionally, 4–5 mm and 5 mm margins on average could provide adequate PTV margins at lung and abdomen tumors in all three directions, respectively. Overall, it was found that concerning the PTV margins, the impact of correlation and prediction errors is very high, while the impact of robotics error is low.ConclusionsThe current study can address two limitations in previous researches, namely insufficient sample sites and a smaller number of patients. A comparison of the present results concerning the lung and abdomen areas with other studies reveals that the proposed strategy could provide a better reference in selection the PTV margins. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to estimate the PTV margins in the lung and abdomen regions for a large cohort of patients treated using the Cyberknife system.
Risk factors and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid associate with cognitive symptoms after mild COVID‐19
Authors: Apple Alexandra C. , Oddi Alexis , Peluso Michael J. , Asken Breton M. , Henrich Timothy J. , Kelly J. Daniel , Pleasure Samuel J. , Deeks Steven G. , Allen Isabel Elaine , Martin Jeffrey N. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Miller Bruce L. , Stephens Melanie L. , Hellmuth Joanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCognitive post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 (PASC) can occur after mild COVID‐19. Detailed clinical characterizations may inform pathogenesis. We evaluated 22 adults reporting cognitive PASC and 10 not reporting cognitive symptoms after mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through structured interviews, neuropsychological testing, and optional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluations (53%). Delayed onset of cognitive PASC occurred in 43% and associated with younger age. Cognitive PASC participants had a higher number of pre‐existing cognitive risk factors (2.5 vs. 0; p = 0.03) and higher proportion with abnormal CSF findings (77% vs. 0%; p = 0.01) versus controls. Cognitive risk factors and immunologic mechanisms may contribute to cognitive PASC pathogenesis.
Regulated Polyion Complex Vesicles for Efficient Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhou Wenjuan , Ding Peng , Zhang Chenglin , Wu Bohang , Guo Xuhong , Cohen Stuart Martien A. , Zhou Xuhui , Wang Junyou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolyion complex (PIC) vesicles have attracted considerable attention as soft yet functional delivery vehicles. However, most of the PIC vesicles suffer from insufficient stability and functionality which hinder their applications. Herein, a new type of PIC vesicles obtained by co‐assembly of neutral‐cationic diblock copolymers with a supramolecular coordination polyelectrolyte is reported. The latter exhibits tunable structures and properties that endows regulated stability and functionalities of the vesicles. With lanthanide‐based coordination polymers, PIC vesicles are constructed with not only enhanced stability against salt, but also tunable fluorescent or magnetic properties associated with particular Ln3+ ions. Moreover, the vesicle lumen is applied to load PEGlated indocyanine green as a model photothermal transduction agent. The designed vesicles finally display high stability, good biocompatibility, and efficient photothermal conversion, and therefore behave well for thermal ablation of both tumor cells and tumor in mice. The well‐regulated stability and functions of the PIC vesicles are assigned the adaptive structure and properties of the supramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes, which hardly be achieved with conventional covalent polyelectrolytes. This study therefore demonstrates a facile strategy to regulate the stability and function of PIC vesicles, and shall be inspirational for developing novel vesicular materials for potential biomedical applications.
Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Xin , Sarkar Biporjoy , Gagnon‐Lafrenais Noémy , Cicoira Fabio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaterials able to regenerate after damage have been the object of investigation since the ancient times. For instance, self‐healing concretes, able to resist earthquakes, aging, weather, and seawater have been known since the times of ancient Rome and are still the object of research. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in self‐healing electronic materials, for applications in electronic skin (E‐skin) for health monitoring, wearable and stretchable sensors, actuators, transistors, energy harvesting, and storage devices. Self‐healing materials based on conducting polymers are particularly attractive due to their tunable high conductivity, good stability, intrinsic flexibility, excellent processability and biocompatibility. Here recent developments are reviewed in the field of self‐healing electronic materials based on conducting polymers, such as poly 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANI). The different types of healing, the strategies adopted to optimize electrical and mechanical properties, and the various possible healing mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the main challenges and perspectives in the field are discussed.
Optical Rashba Effect in a Light‐Emitting Perovskite Metasurface
Authors: Tian Jingyi , Adamo Giorgio , Liu Hailong , Klein Maciej , Han Song , Liu Hong , Soci Cesare 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Rashba effect, i.e., the splitting of electronic spin‐polarized bands in the momentum space of a crystal with broken inversion symmetry, has enabled the realization of spin‐orbitronic devices, in which spins are manipulated by spin–orbit coupling. In optics, where the helicity of light polarization represents the spin degree of freedom for spin–momentum coupling, the optical Rashba effect is manifested by the splitting of optical states with opposite chirality in the momentum space. Previous realizations of the optical Rashba effect relied on passive devices determining the surface plasmon or light propagation inside nanostructures, or the directional emission of chiral luminescence when hybridized with light‐emitting media. An active device underpinned by the optical Rashba effect is demonstrated here, in which a monolithic halide perovskite metasurface emits highly directional chiral photoluminescence. An all‐dielectric metasurface design with broken in‐plane inversion symmetry is directly embossed into the high‐refractive‐index, light‐emitting perovskite film, yielding a degree of circular polarization of photoluminescence of 60% at room temperature.
Molecular Engineering in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Computational Study on 2‐Mercaptopyridine Derivatives as Surface Passivators against Water
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Li Quan‐Song , Li Ze‐Sheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContemporary perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn substantial interest due to their high photovoltaic efficiency. However, the instability of perovskite in a humid environment restricts the service time extension and limits the large‐scale application of PSCs. Herein, a series of passivation molecules (PMs), 2‐MEP, 2‐MDEP, 2‐MTEP, and 2‐MQEP, featuring different lengths of alkyl chains have been designed based on 2‐mercaptopyridine (2‐MP) which greatly improve the stability of PSCs in the humid environment. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that the designed molecules offer stronger adsorption on the perovskite surface compared with 2‐MP. The charge density difference and Bader charge analysis show that the newly designed Lewis bases improve the charge transfer ability, leading to effective separation of carriers at PM@MAPbI3 interfaces. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations verify that the steady Pb‐N/S interactions in the MAPbI3/PM/H2O system effectively prevent H2O from approaching the perovskite surface. This work not only provides a set of promising surface passivators (especially 2‐MDEP), but also paves a way for the design of PMs that endow PSCs stability and make PSCs highly competitive in the photovoltaic market.
Superiority of Dual‐Atom Catalysts in Electrocatalysis: One Step Further Than Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Li Runze , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent years, dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have attracted extensive attention, as an extension of single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Compared with SACs, DACs have higher metal loading and more complex and flexible active sites, thus achieving better catalytic performance and providing more opportunities for electrocatalysis. This review introduces the research progress in recent years on how to design new DACs to enhance the performance of electrocatalysis. Firstly, the advantages of DACs in increasing metal loading are introduced. Then, the role of DACs in changing the adsorption condition of reactant molecules on metal atoms is discussed. Moreover, the ways in which DACs can reduce the reaction energy barrier of key steps and change the reaction path are explored. Catalytic applications in different electrocatalytic reactions, including the carbon dioxide reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and nitrogen reduction reaction are followed. Finally, a brief summary is made and the key challenges and prospects of DACs are introduced.
Improving targeting of farmers for enrollment in agri‐environmental programs
Authors: Duke Joshua M. , Johnston Robert J. , Shober Amy L. , Liu Zhongyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAgricultural cost‐share research and planning tend to focus on one program at a time, and hence overlook additional efficiencies that might be obtained by considering the possibility that enrollment decisions are related across different programs. Models of multiple‐program participation decisions enable these relationships to be considered as part of conditional enrollment predictions, providing more complete and accurate understanding of enrollment behavior. Analysis of data from farmer surveys in Maryland and Ohio show complementary drivers across program participation. Results are consistent with economies of scale and/or scope among different agri‐environmental programs. The data also show the gains in prediction accuracy when the model accounts for participation in other programs, thereby enabling improved targeting and program design. For instance, enrollment in commodity‐type programs causes a much larger marginal increase (12.6%) in the probability of Maryland cover crops participation than does the increase from Conservation Reserve Program enrollment (4.4%).
Simulating the effect of climate change on barley yield in Ethiopia with the DSSAT‐CERES‐Barley model
Authors: Gardi Mekides Woldegiorgis , Memic Emir , Zewdu Eshetu , Graeff‐Hönninger Simone 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change is expected to have a major effect on crop production in sub‐Saharan Africa. Crop models can help to guide crop management under future climate. The objective of the study was to investigate the possible effects of climate change on Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT)‐Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)‐Barley model. The study included field data of two barley cultivars (Traveller and EH‐1493) and four climate study areas in Ethiopia over 5 yr. Climate change scenarios were set up over 60 yr using representative concentration pathways (RCP; RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and five global climate models (GCM). The model results indicated that the prediction of days to anthesis and maturity, as well as final grain yield, was highly accurate for cultivar Traveller with normalized RMSE (nRMSE) of 2, 1, and 12%, respectively, and for cultivar EH‐1493 with nRMSE of 2, 4, and 11%. A consistent increase in average temperature up to 5 °C and a mixed pattern of rainfall (‐61 to +86%) were projected. Yield simulations showed a potential reduction in yield up to 98% for cultivar Traveller and 63% for cultivar EH‐1493 in the future. Within a sensitivity analysis, different sowing dates, sowing densities, and fertilizer rates were tested as potential adaptation approaches to climate change. The negative effects of climate change could be mitigated by early sowing, with an increased sowing density of 25% and fertilizer rate of 50% more than what is recommended. Overall, the results indicated the ability of the CERES‐Barley model to evaluate climate change effects and adaptation options on rainfed barley production in Ethiopia.
Safe model‐based reinforcement learning for nonlinear optimal control with state and input constraints
Authors: Kim Yeonsoo , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSafety is a critical factor in reinforcement learning (RL) in chemical processes. In our previous work, we had proposed a new stability‐guaranteed RL for unconstrained nonlinear control‐affine systems. In the approximate policy iteration algorithm, a Lyapunov neural network (LNN) was updated while being restricted to the control Lyapunov function, and a policy was updated using a variation of Sontag's formula. In this study, we additionally consider state and input constraints by introducing a barrier function, and we extend the applicable type to general nonlinear systems. We augment the constraints into the objective function and use the LNN added with a Lyapunov barrier function to approximate the augmented value function. Sontag's formula input with this approximate function brings the states into its lower level set, thereby guaranteeing the constraints satisfaction and stability. We prove the practical asymptotic stability and forward invariance. The effectiveness is validated using four tank system simulations.
Efficient synthesis of furfural from xylose over HCl catalyst in slug flow microreactors promoted by NaCl addition
Authors: Guo Wenze , Bruining Herman Carolus , Heeres Hero Jan , Yue Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEfficient synthesis of furfural from xylose over the HCl catalyst in a water‐methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic system was achieved in slug flow microreactors, using NaCl as a promotor which facilitates xylose dehydration and suppresses xylose condensation. An optimized furfural yield of 93% was obtained from 1 M xylose over 0.2 M HCl with 10 wt% NaCl at 180°C within 4 min. A comprehensive kinetic model was developed from monophasic experiments in water in microreactors, by incorporating the acidity in water and kinetic constants as a function of the chloride ion concentration. The coupling of kinetic model with furfural extraction, with consideration of phase volume change as a function of temperature and partial phase miscibility, enables to predict the results of biphasic experiments in microreactors where mass‐transfer limitation was eliminated. The aqueous phase containing HCl and NaCl could be readily recycled and reused multiple times without noticeable performance loss.
Chemisorption of CO2 in a gas–liquid vortex reactor: An interphase mass transfer efficiency assessment
Authors: Ouyang Yi , Nunez Manzano Manuel , Chen Siyuan , Wetzels Ruben , Verspeelt Tom , Van Geem Kevin M. , Heynderickx Geraldine J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo develop cost‐effective CO2 capture technology process intensification will play a vital role. In this work, the capabilities of a gas–liquid vortex reactor (GLVR) as novel process intensification equipment are evaluated by studying its interphase mass transfer parameters to build up the fundamentals for its future application to for example, CO2 capture. The NaOH‐CO2 chemisorption system and Danckwerts' model are applied to obtain the effective interfacial area and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient. Results show that the gas–liquid contact in the GLVR is capable of both generating a large interfacial area in a small reactor volume and creating a region with high‐energy dissipation to improve mass transfer. A comparison of the volumetric mass transfer coefficients with data reported in literature for conventional and intensified reactor types confirms a superior mass transfer efficiency and, most importantly, a favorable energetic efficiency of the GLVR.
The utility of DNA methylation signatures in directing genome sequencing workflow: Kabuki syndrome and CDK13‐related disorder
Authors: Marwaha Ashish , Costain Gregory , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Chad Lauren , Awamleh Zain , Chater‐Diehl Eric , Choufani Sanaa , Weksberg Rosanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKabuki syndrome (KS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, skeletal anomalies, and postnatal growth restriction. The characteristic facial appearance is not pathognomonic for KS as several other conditions demonstrate overlapping features. For 20‐30% of children with a clinical diagnosis of KS, no causal variant is identified by conventional genetic testing of the two associated genes, KMT2D and KDM6A. Here, we describe two cases of suspected KS that met clinical diagnostic criteria and had a high gestalt match on the artificial intelligence platform Face2Gene. Although initial KS testing was negative, genome‐wide DNA methylation (DNAm) was instrumental in guiding genome sequencing workflow to establish definitive molecular diagnoses. In one case, a positive DNAm signature for KMT2D led to the identification of a cryptic variant in KDM6A by genome sequencing; for the other case, a DNAm signature different from KS led to the detection of another diagnosis in the KS differential, CDK13‐related disorder. This approach illustrates the clinical utility of DNAm signatures in the diagnostic workflow for the genome analyst or clinical geneticist—especially for disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes.
Generation of an Enhanced Multi‐Mode Optomechanical‐Like Quantum System and Its Application in Creating Hybrid Entangled States
Authors: Wu Qi‐Cheng , Zhou Yan‐Hui , Ye Biao‐Liang , Liu Tong , Zhao Jun‐Long , Chen Dong‐Xu , Yang Chui‐Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRealizing strong optomechanical interaction at a few‐photon level is one of the most significant tasks in optomechanical physics. In this paper, an efficient approach to realize an enhanced optomechanical‐like coupling in a cross‐Kerr‐type coupled three‐mode optical cavity system via a driving field is presented. It is shown that the optomechanical‐like coupling can be strongly enhanced to enter the ultrastrong‐coupling regime, and the effects of cavity field damping can be effectively restrained by adjusting the driving field and the cavity frequencies. In addition, as an application of the enhanced multimode optomechanical‐like quantum system, a scheme is propsed to deterministically generate a hybrid Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Numerical simulation reveals that the scheme is reliable and robust against various dissipation effects and the fluctuations of control parameters in current technology. This work has potential applications in quantum information processing and paves the way for the study of multimode optomechanical systems.
Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Furfural in Aqueous Acetic Acid Media with Enhanced 2‐Methylfuran Selectivity Using CuPd Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Peng , Li Linbo , Mosali Venkata Sai Sriram , Chen Yu , Luan Peng , Gu Qinfen , Turner David R. , Huang Liang , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a series of CuPd catalysts for electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of furfural to 2‐methylfuran (MF or FurCH3 where Fur=furyl) in aqueous 0.1 M acetic acid (pH 2.9). The highest faradaic efficiency (FE) for MF reached 75 % at −0.58 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode with an average partial current density of 4.5 mA cm−2. In situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic and kinetic isotopic experiments suggested that electrogenerated adsorbed hydrogen (Hads) was involved in the reaction and incorporation of Pd enhanced the surface coverage of Hads and optimized the adsorption pattern of furfural, leading to a higher FE for MF. Density functional theory calculations revealed that Pd incorporation reduced the energy barrier for the hydrogenation of FurCH2* to FurCH3*. Our study demonstrates that catalyst surface structure/composition plays a crucial role in determining the selectivity in ECH and provides a new strategy for designing advanced catalysts for ECH of bio‐derived oxygenates.