bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haematological profile abnormalities; and its relationship with severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Ahmed Chaudhary Noman , Khurram Muhammad , Yasmin Tahira , Sadiq Abdullah , Malik Javaria , Aziz Qaiser , Nazar Muddesir , Shahzad Manzoor Muhammad , Mujeeb Khan Muhammad 
Published: November 2022

Background: Corona virus disease (Covid-19) caused by corona virus (SARS Cov-2) has affected millions of people around the world. Many diagnostic modalities have been tested but the blood complete picture remains the initial and most easily accessible investigation in Covid-19.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the haematological abnormalities in relation to Covid-19 severity and outcome.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2020 to July 2020. One--hundred and fifty polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed Covid-19 patients were inducted by random sampling. Haematological profile at admission was recorded. Data thus obtained was analyzed with respect to Covid-19 severity and outcome. The data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.
Results: Out of a total of 150 patients included in the study, 77(51.3%) patients had mild disease at the time of admission, 42 (28%) had moderate disease while 31 (20.7%) had critical disease at the time of admission. Medians (interquartile range) of total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR), neutrophils to monocyte ratio (NMR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were 8.11 (IQR=4.88), 5.95 (IQR=4.58), 1.66 (IQR=1.10), 3.48 (IQR=4.20), 146.24 (IQR=130.75), 18.87 (IQR=14.07), 0.16 (IQR=0.13). Median NLR was higher in patients with critical illness11.23 (IQR=10.70) as compared to those with stable 2.51 (IQR=1.77) and moderate 3.22 (IQR=3.60) disease (p< 0.000). Similarly TLC (p< 0.000), neutrophils (p< 0.000), lymphocytes (p< 0.000), NLR (p< 0.000), PLR (p< 0.000, p=0.001), MLR (p< 0.000), NMR (p< 0.000) had significant relationship with the severity and outcome of Covid-19 infection.
Conclusion: Many haematological parameters are significantly different and can be used to predict the severity and outcome of Covid-19 infection.
Keywords: COVID-19; hematology; corona virus; outcome.
A tropical tertiary neurosurgical centre response to COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on neurosurgical practices
Authors: Idowu Olufemi , Oshola Hammed , Idowu Jeuel , Omosuyi Ademola 
Published: November 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic may decrease the quantum of care for patients with neurosurgical conditions.
Objectives: To determine outpatient clinic (OPC) patient load, neurosurgical procedures volume and disease spectrum following the institution of a new care protocol during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and compare with previous practice data in our institution.
Methods: A monocentric retrospective analysis of all patients requiring neurosurgical care over a 2-year period.
Results: There was a 42.4% reduction in OPC attendance and 41.8% reduction in surgical procedures in 2020 compared to 2019. There was >60 percent reduction in the volume of surgery that was done at the onset and peak of the pandemic but this has normalized in November 2020 despite the resurgence of COVID-19, after the institution of a new care protocol. Neurotrauma procedures (29.6%) were the most common neurosurgical operation in 2020 while congenital malformation surgery (37.3%) was the most common procedure performed in 2019.
Conclusions: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic initially led to significant decrease in quantum and spectra of patients who presented at the OPC and for neurosurgical procedures. Instituted local protocol and Teleclinics, if added to clinical care armamentarium, may help to improve on the low patient attendance during pandemics.
Keywords: COVID-19; Neurosurgery; Protocols; SARS-CoV-2.
Frequency of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors of Rawalpindi District, Pakistan
Authors: Ghazanfar Saqlain , Hassan Sarmad , Shahid Zia , Sheharyar Khan Muhammad , Rehman Malik Abdur , Sattar Bhutta Hamza , Ikram Nadeem , Sarfraz Khan Muhammad 
Published: November 2022

Background: Transmissible Infections (TTI’s) are a cause of significant burden on health care facilities by imposing a threat of infection transmission through disease reservoirs in asymptomatic donors. This eventually leads to a serious challenge in acquiring blood bags in a country like Pakistan where transfusion dependent disease are of high prevalence. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of TTI’s in blood donors in Rawalpindi District through a multi-center approach.
Materials and Methods: This is an observational descriptive retrospective study based on 6 transfusion centers in the Rawalpindi District. The time frame of the study was from January 2015 to December 2018. A total of 223,242 donors were consecutively included and data on donor type, the purpose of transfusion, and seroprevalence (HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphilis, and Malaria) were collected through a structured questionnaire and laboratory investigation results. The collected data were entered in SPSS version 21.0 for analysis.
Results: The seroprevalence of blood borne infections was 7,897 (3.537%) of which HBV, HCV, HIV, Syphilis and Malaria accounted for 2410 (1.080%), 3105(1.391%), 0(0.000%), 2017 (0.933%) and 365 (0.171%), respectively. Reactive samples reduced from 4.850% to 3.537% over 4 years, while there was a rise of 37.478% of blood donors from 2015 to 2018. The total number of voluntary donors and replacement donors was 22079 (9.890%) and 201156 (90.107%), with a rising incidence in voluntary donors from 2015 to 2018. A considerable number of donor bags were transfused to Thalassemia, Anemia, Leukemia and Hemophilia patients, 28156 (12.612%). This number also showed increasing rates from 11.654% to 14.017%.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggests that the risk of transmission through transfusion is still considerable. Targeting donors with a low-risk profile, a screening questionnaire, an ample supply of quality screening tests, and awareness campaigns for the diseases in question must be carried to further decrease the risk of transmission of TTIs in Pakistan.
Keywords: Transfusion; Hepatitis; HIV; Syphilis; Malaria; Pakistan.
Compliance of patients to DOTS tuberculosis treatment strategy in a South-East Nigeria Teaching Hospital
Authors: A Idoko Chinedu , Adeyemi Olufemi 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis ranks the second highest cause of adult mortality after HIV in the world. The Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) strategy is aimed at following up on patients’ adherence to treatment regimen.
Objectives: To assess the level of compliance of patients to the DOTS strategy.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital from January, 2013 to April, 2015. Relevant information was collected from patients’ folders. Data analysis was with the SPSS and results represented in tables.
Results: 111 (50%) patients were compliant with their DOTS treatment plan while 107 (41.3%) were non-compliant. Ninety-two patients (41.4%) were successfully treated and discharged home, 7 patients (3.2%) referred to other centres. The proportion of patients regarding their marital status, occupation, educational level and address that was compliant to the DOTS TB reflected varied patterns.
Conclusion/ Recommendations: The study reflected poor to average compliance to DOTS. There is a need for creation of more DOTS centres; regular surveys and updates on DOTS TB strategy should be the norm rather than the exception.
Keywords: Compliance; Patients; DOTS; Tuberculosis; South-East Nigeria.
Prediction of promiscuous epitopes in ORF2 of Hepatitis E virus: an In-Silico approach
Authors: Samavia Noor , Fahed Parvaiz , Yasir Waheed , Tasneem Anwar , Syeda Nasreen 
Published: November 2022

Background: Vaccine development against emerging infections is essentially important for saving people from increasing viral infections. In developing countries, Hepatitis E (HEV) is a common infection affecting millions of people worldwide. Based on In-silico analysis, different approaches have been targeted.
Objectives: Rationale of this study is to design an epitope-based vaccine candidates with the help of immunoinformatics that can predict promiscuous B-cell and T-cell epitopes of the most antigenic HEV-ORF2 capsid protein.
Materials & Methods: This study suggests potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes of the highly antigenic HEV ORF2 capsid protein while using various In-silico tools such as NCBI-BLAST, Expassy, CLC workbench, Ellipro and Discotope.
Results: Potential antigenic and immunogenic CD8+ T-cell epitopes were predicted from the global consensus sequence of ORF2-HEV. Furthermore, twenty-two linear B-cell epitopes were predicted. Among these, “SLGAGPV” at position 587-593 and “LEFRNLTPGNTNTRVSRYSS” at position 306-325 were most antigenic with antigenicity score 1.4206 and 1.3600 respectively. Discontinuous B-cell epitopes were found by three-dimensional capsid protein structure. Epitopes predicted in this study reveal high antigenicity and promiscuity for HLA classes.
Conclusion: Collectively, our data suggests promiscuous epitopes that can potentially acts as new candidates for the design of HEV peptide vaccine.
Keywords: Virology; gastrointestinal disease.
The profile and causes of death among medical doctors and dental surgeons in Uganda: 1986 to 2016
Authors: Amandua Jacinto , Masembe Victoria , Amone Jackson , Mukasa-Kivunike Peter , Makanga Livingstone , Orem Jackson , Mbona Tumwesigye Nazarius , Kalungi Sam , Ariaka Herbert , Mungherera Margaret , Nyankori Fred , Mukunya David , Ssentongo Katumba Fred 
Published: November 2022

Background: The loss of health workers through death is of great importance and interest to the public, media and the medical profession as it has very profound social and professional consequences on the delivery of health services.
Objective: To describe the profile, causes and patterns of death among medical doctors and dental surgeons in Uganda between 1986 and 2016.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of mortality among registered medical doctors and dental surgeons. Information on each case was collected using a standard questionnaire and analysed. Cause of death was determined using pathology reports, and if unavailable, verbal autopsies. We summarized our findings across decades using means and standard deviations, proportions and line graphs as appropriate. Cuzick’s test for trend was used to assess crude change in characteristics across the three decades. To estimate the change in deaths across decades adjusted for age and sex, we fit a logistic regression model, and used the margins command with a dy/dx option. All analyses were done in Stata version 14.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX).
Results: There were 489 deaths registered between 1986 and 2016. Of these, 59 (12.1%) were female. The mean age at death was 48.8 years (Standard Deviation (SD) 15.1) among male and 40.1 years (SD 12.8) among females. We ascertained the cause of death for 468/489 (95.7%). The most common causes of death were HIV/AIDS (218/468, 46.6%), cancer (68/468, 14.5%), non-communicable diseases (62/48, 13.3%), alcohol related deaths (36, 7.7%), road traffic accidents (34, 7.3%), gunshots (11, 2.4%), among others. After adjusting for age and sex, HIV/AIDs attributable deaths decreased by 33 percentage points between the decade of 1986 to1995 and that of 2006 to 2016 –0.33 (–0.44, –0.21. During the same period, cancer attributable deaths increased by 13 percentage periods 0.13 (0.05,0.20).
Conclusion: The main causes of death were HIV/AIDS, cancer, non-communicable diseases, alcohol-related diseases and road traffic accidents. There was a general downward trend in the HIV/AIDS related deaths and a general upward trend in cancer related deaths. Doctors should be targeted for preventive and support services especially for both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Keywords: Profile and causes of death; medical doctors; dental surgeons; Uganda.
Closing the gaps in defining and conceptualising acceptability of healthcare: a qualitative thematic content analysis
Authors: Blaise Bucyibaruta Joy , Peu Doriccah , Bamford Lesley , Van der Wath Annatjie 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Despite the importance of healthcare acceptability, the public health community has yet to agree on its explicit definition and conceptual framework. We explored different definitions and conceptual frameworks of healthcare acceptability, and identified commonalities in order to develop an integrated definition and conceptual framework of healthcare acceptability.
Materials and Methods: We applied qualitative thematic content analysis on research articles that attempted to define healthcare acceptability. We searched online databases and purposefully selected relevant articles that we imported into ATLAS.ti 8.4 for deductive and inductive analysis which continued until there were no new information emerging from selected documents (data saturation).
Results: Our analysis of the literature affirmed that healthcare acceptability remains poorly defined; limiting its application in public health. We proposed a practical definition attempting to fill identified gaps. We defined acceptability as a “multi-construct concept describing the nonlinear cumulative combination in parts or in whole of the fit between the expected and experienced healthcare from the patient, provider or healthcare systems and policy perspectives in a given context.”
Practice Implications: We presented and described a workable definition and framework of healthcare acceptability that can be applied to different actors including patients, healthcare providers, researchers, managers or policy makers.
Keywords: Defining and conceptualising acceptability; healthcare; content analysis.
Functional iron status of chronic kidney disease patients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: O Sanni Emmanuel , O Olawumi Hannah , A Durotoye Idayat , O Olanrewaju Timothy , S  Babatunde Abiola , A Shittu Olasunkanmi , A Biliaminu Sikiru , O Omokanye Khadijat , Kehinde Ogunfemi Mutiat , Akinwumi Olabisi O , S Oyedepo Dapo , M Adepoju Ayodeji 
Published: November 2022

Background: Functional iron deficiency has been found to be a common cause of poor response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents in anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Objectives: Assess the functional iron status of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study. The study subjects were chronic kidney disease patients with age and sex matched healthy controls. Full blood count, serum ferritin, soluble transferring receptor, C-reactive protein, serum iron and total iron binding capacity were measured in the patients and healthy controls. Data was analyzed with statistical package for the social sciences software version 22.0. And the level of statistical significance was set at p. value < 0.05.
Results: The mean ± SD of the age of patient with CKD was 55.0 + 15.4 years, while that of controls was 52.7 + 13.6 years. The mean serum ferritin, serum iron, TIBC and CRP were significantly higher in patients compared with controls (p<0.001, 0.023, <0.001 and 0.001) respectively. Functional iron deficiency was seen in 19.5% of patients with CKD.
Conclusion: The predominant form of iron deficiency in our study was functional iron deficiency.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; functional iron status; anaemia.
Mekanisme Aplikasi Padlet Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android Pada Masa COVID-19
Authors: Eliyah  , Dwi Agustin  
Published: November 2022

Abstrak- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme atau cara kerja dari aplikasi berbasis android ini sebagai media pembelajaran daring. Padlet merupakan aplikasi yang hadir sebagai alternatif pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi saat ini. Padlet dapat membantu guru dan peserta didik untuk berkomunikasi secara virtual. Aplikasi padlet membantu pendidik dalam memberikan materi, membuat tugas, hingga diskusi dengan peserta didik mengenai materi terkait. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi pustaka ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yang mendeskripsikan beberapa pernyataan mengenai penggunaan padlet, kekurangan dan kelebihan aplikasi, dan beberapa hal yang masih berkaitan dengan mekanisme pada aplikasi padlet ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, terdapat beberapa cara dalam menggunakan aplikasi padlet. Kedua, adanya kekurangan dan kelebihan pada aplikasi tersebut. Ketiga, terdapat beberapa alasan mengapa aplikasi padlet menjadi rekomendasi dalam pembelajaran masa pandemi.

Kata kunci: Media pembelajaran padlet, Pembelajaran daring, Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract- This study aims to find out how the mechanism or workings of this android-based application as an online learning medium. Padlet is an application that is present as an alternative to online learning during the current pandemic. Padlet can help teachers and students communicate virtually. The padlet application helps educators in providing material, making assignments, to discussions with students about related materials. The method used in this literature study was a qualitative descriptive method, which describes several statements regarding the use of padlet, the advantages and disadvantages of the application, and several things that are still related to the mechanism of this padlet application. The results showed that, first, there are several ways to use the padlet application. Second, there are advantages and disadvantages to the application. Third, there are several reasons why the padlet application is a recommendation in learning during the pandemic.

Keywords: Padlet learning media, online learning, Covid-19 pandemic
Paradigma Pendidikan Kritis Dalam Dimensi Kesadaran Kritis Dan Proses Dialogis Kritis
Authors: Putera Semadi Anak Agung Gde 
Published: November 2022

Abstrak
Pendidikan kritis merupakan sebuah pemikiran alternatif, setelah kejenuhan menghadapi dunia baru yang terlalu didominasi oleh pemikiran positivistik yang menghasilkan pola sosialitas materialistis dan kapitalistik. Melalui proses identifikasi kritis, manusia pada umumnya dan siswa pada khususnya mampu mengembangkan berbagai potensi atau kreativitas, rasa, karsa, dan kreasi yang menjadi inti dari proses budaya. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif dengan prosedur yang menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis. Semua data dapat dideskripsikan secara jelas melalui penerapan metode analisis deskriptif tanpa menggunakan prosedur statistik atau dengan cara kuantifikasi lainnya. Pendidikan kritis bukan hanya sekedar transfer pengetahuan atau informasi, tetapi merupakan proses psikologis atau praktik budaya menuju kesadaran diri atau pembebasan siswa. Fungsi utama pengembangan pendidikan kritis adalah upaya penyadaran diri, atau disebut juga kesadaran kritis, sebagaimana waktu mengembangkan metode pembelajaran utamanya dengan menekankan prinsip dominasi dialogis kritis.

Kata kunci: Pendidikan kritis, Dimensi pendidikan kritis, Proses dialogis kritIs.

Abstract
Critical education is an alternative thinking, after being bored with a new world that is too dominated by positivistic thinking that produces a materialistic and capitalistic pattern of sociality. Through a critical identification process, humans in general and students in particular are able to develop various potentials or creativity, taste, initiative, and creation which are the core of the cultural process. This research was classified as a qualitative research with a procedure that uses a phenomenological approach. All data can be described clearly through the application of descriptive analysis methods without using statistical procedures or by other means of quantification. Critical education is not just a transfer of knowledge or information, but is a psychological process or cultural practice towards self-awareness or student liberation. The main function of developing critical education is self-awareness, or also called critical awareness, as when developing its main learning method by emphasizing the principle of critical dialogical dominance.

Key words: Critical education, Dimensions of critical education, Critical dialogical process.
The Impact of Inflow Foreign Direct Investment on the Local Human Capital Efficiency with the Role of Financial Deepening as Mediator: A Case of United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shamsan Mohamed Nabil , Samikon Siti Aida 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: This research determines the impact of inflow foreign direct investment inflow foreign direct investment on the expanded concept of social and economic progress in the UAE, such as local human capital efficiency and financial deepening, which needs more clarification, while most of the studies focus on human capital in general.
Methodology: This study used a questionnaire based survey on a selected sample and used the SmartPLS 4 to analyze the data and conclude the results. With the help of quantitative techniques this data was collected from a sample of 8001 selected employees representing the DUBAI population. Only 376 were taken from those who had working experience in foreign companies in the UAE.
Findings: The results show that the inflow foreign direct investment has a significant positive relationship with the local human capital efficiency in the UAE. The role of the mediator in this study was significant and partial mediation with inflow foreign direct investment.
Recommendation: The most important question is about the availability of working in foreign companies. Also, the author mentioned that there is a gap in the human capital development study, and it has been recommended for future study.