bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in a Large Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Getahun Darios , Peltier Morgan R. , Lurvey Lawrence D. , Shi Jiaxiao M. , Braun David , Sacks David A. , Burgos Anthony E. , Fong Alex , Trivedi Neha , Yasumura Lyn , Reynolds Kristi , Nguyen Marielle , Volodarskiy Marianna , Chiu Vicki Y. , Lopez Adrian H. , Fassett Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to examine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of perinatal complications and viral transmission to the infant.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals (April 6, 2020–February 28, 2021) was performed using data extracted from electronic health records (EHRs). During this time polymerize chain reaction (PCR)-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 was universally offered to all pregnant women at labor and delivery admission, as well as earlier in the pregnancy, if they were displaying symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection or a possible exposure to the virus. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was used to estimate the strength of associations between positive test results and adverse perinatal outcomes.
Results Of 35,123 women with a singleton pregnancy, 2,203 (6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection with 596 (27%) testing positive during the first or second trimester and 1,607 (73%) during the third trimester. Women testing positive were younger than those who tested negative (29.7 [5.4] vs. 31.1 [5.3] years; mean [standard deviation (SD)]; p < .001). The SARS-CoV-2 infection tended to increase the odds of an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern (aOR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.21; p = 0.058), spontaneous preterm birth (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.58; p = 0.024), congenital anomalies (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.50; p = 0.008), and maternal intensive care unit admission at delivery (aOR: 7.44; 95% CI: 4.06, 13.62; p < 0.001) but not preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.33; p = 0.080). Eighteen (0.8%) neonates of mothers who tested positive also had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test after 24 hours of birth, but all were asymptomatic during the neonatal period.
Conclusion These findings suggest that prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the odds of some adverse perinatal outcomes. The likelihood of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus was low (0.3%), suggesting that pregnancy complications resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection pose more risk to the baby than transplacental viral transmission.
Key Points
Resonant torque differential magnetometry with high frequency quartz oscillators
Authors: Zheng Guoxin , Zhang Dechen , Chen Kuan-Wen , Singleton John , Li Lu 
Published: June 2022

Sensitive magnetometry has been a powerful probe for investigating quantum materials. Extreme conditions, such as sub-kelvin cryogenic temperatures and ultrahigh magnetic fields, demand further durability for sensitive magnetometry. However, significant mechanical vibrations and rapid magnetic field changes give enormous challenges to conventional magnetometry. This article presents a possible solution to this problem by developing a new magnetometry technique using high-frequency quartz oscillators. The technique takes advantage of the symmetry and geometry of mechanical vibration configurations of standard commercially available MHz quartz oscillators, and the setup keeps the high quality factor resonance with the sample mounted on the oscillator. We further demonstrate the sensitivity of the technique using bismuth single crystals and a Fe0.25TaS2 ferromagnetic material. Quantum oscillations are observed in the magnetometry response below 1 T, and the detected oscillation frequency is shown to come from the electron pockets of the bismuth.
Design and simulation of an aluminum nitride piezoelectric resonant pressure sensor
Authors: Li Peng , Luo Yin , Guo Liangliang , Zhang Yuming 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a novel aluminum nitride (AlN) resonant pressure sensor with piezoelectric-excitation and piezoelectric-detection is presented. The key structure of this resonator is an AlN flexible beam. Parallel electrodes are designed on the beam to excite the resonance structure in-plane. All layers of this AlN resonant structure are grown on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer by the deposition process. Anchor islands are fabricated in the top silicon layer of the SOI. The structure is designed and optimized by finite element simulation software, and the performance of this pressure sensor is simulated. The resonance frequency is 60.04 kHz, and the sensitivity is 13.6 Hz/kPa under a pressure range of 0–120 kPa. This AlN sensor is advantageous in that its structure and fabrication processes are simple, and it is a new choice for resonant pressure sensors.
Glycan degradation promotes macroautophagy
Authors: Baudot Alice D. , Wang Victoria M.-Y. , Leach Josh D. , O’Prey Jim , Long Jaclyn S. , Paulus-Hock Viola , Lilla Sergio , Thomson David M. , Greenhorn John , Ghaffar Farah , Nixon Colin , Helfrich Miep H. , Strathdee Douglas , Pratt Judith , Marchesi Francesco , Zanivan Sara , Ryan Kevin M. 
Published: June 2022

Macroautophagy promotes cellular homeostasis by delivering cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes for degradation [Mizushima,Nat. Cell Biol.20, 521–527 (2018)]. However, while most studies have focused on the mechanisms of protein degradation during this process, we report here that macroautophagy also depends on glycan degradation via the glycosidase, α-l-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1), which removes fucose from glycans. We show that cells lacking FUCA1 accumulate lysosomal glycans, which is associated with impaired autophagic flux. Moreover, in a mouse model of fucosidosis—a disease characterized by inactivating mutations inFUCA1[Stepienet al.,Genes (Basel)11, E1383 (2020)]—glycan and autophagosome/autolysosome accumulation accompanies tissue destruction. Mechanistically, using lectin capture and mass spectrometry, we identified several lysosomal enzymes with altered fucosylation in FUCA1-null cells. Moreover, we show that the activity of some of these enzymes in the absence of FUCA1 can no longer be induced upon autophagy stimulation, causing retardation of autophagic flux, which involves impaired autophagosome–lysosome fusion. These findings therefore show that dysregulated glycan degradation leads to defective autophagy, which is likely a contributing factor in the etiology of fucosidosis.
Tankyrases inhibit innate antiviral response by PARylating VISA/MAVS and priming it for RNF146-mediated ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Xu Yan-Ran , Shi Meng-Ling , Zhang Yu , Kong Na , Wang Cong , Xiao Yi-Feng , Du Shi-Shen , Zhu Qi-Yun , Lei Cao-Qi 
Published: June 2022

During viral infection, sensing of viral RNA by retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–like receptors (RLRs) initiates an antiviral innate immune response, which is mediated by the mitochondrial adaptor protein VISA (virus-induced signal adaptor; also known as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein [MAVS]). VISA is regulated by various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as polyubiquitination, phosphorylation,
O
-linked β-d-
N
-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), and monomethylation. However, whether other forms of PTMs regulate VISA-mediated innate immune signaling remains elusive. Here, we report that Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a PTM of VISA, which attenuates innate immune response to RNA viruses. Using a biochemical purification approach, we identified tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) as a VISA-associated protein. Viral infection led to the induction of TNKS1 and its homolog TNKS2, which translocated from cytosol to mitochondria and interacted with VISA. TNKS1 and TNKS2 catalyze the PARylation of VISA at Glu137 residue, thereby priming it for K48-linked polyubiquitination by the E3 ligase Ring figure protein 146 (RNF146) and subsequent degradation. Consistently, TNKS1, TNKS2, or RNF146 deficiency increased the RNA virus–triggered induction of downstream effector genes and impaired the replication of the virus. Moreover, TNKS1- or TNKS2-deficient mice produced higher levels of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines after virus infection and markedly reduced virus loads in the brains and lungs. Together, our findings uncover an essential role of PARylation of VISA in virus-triggered innate immune signaling, which represents a mechanism to avoid excessive harmful immune response.
Multi-
e
GO: An in silico lens to look into protein aggregation kinetics at atomic resolution
Authors: Scalone Emanuele , Broggini Luca , Visentin Cristina , Erba Davide , Bačić Toplek Fran , Peqini Kaliroi , Pellegrino Sara , Ricagno Stefano , Paissoni Cristina , Camilloni Carlo 
Published: June 2022

Protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils is the archetype of aberrant biomolecular self-assembly processes, with more than 50 associated diseases that are mostly uncurable. Understanding aggregation mechanisms is thus of fundamental importance and goes in parallel with the structural characterization of the transient oligomers formed during the process. Oligomers have been proven elusive to high-resolution structural techniques, while the large sizes and long time scales, typical of aggregation processes, have limited the use of computational methods to date. To surmount these limitations, we here present multi-
e
GO, an atomistic, hybrid structure-based model which, leveraging the knowledge of monomers conformational dynamics and of fibril structures, efficiently captures the essential structural and kinetics aspects of protein aggregation. Multi-
e
GO molecular dynamics simulations can describe the aggregation kinetics of thousands of monomers. The concentration dependence of the simulated kinetics, as well as the structural features of the resulting fibrils, are in qualitative agreement with in vitro experiments carried out on an amyloidogenic peptide from Transthyretin, a protein responsible for one of the most common cardiac amyloidoses. Multi-
e
GO simulations allow the formation of primary nuclei in a sea of transient lower-order oligomers to be observed over time and at atomic resolution, following their growth and the subsequent secondary nucleation events, until the maturation of multiple fibrils is achieved. Multi-
e
GO, combined with the many experimental techniques deployed to study protein aggregation, can provide the structural basis needed to advance the design of molecules targeting amyloidogenic diseases.
Loss of adipose TET proteins enhances β-adrenergic responses and protects against obesity by epigenetic regulation of β3-AR expression
Authors: Byun Seongjun , Lee Chan Hyeong , Jeong Hyeongmin , Kim Hyejin , Kwon Hyug Moo , Park Sungho , Myung Kyungjae , An Jungeun , Ko Myunggon 
Published: June 2022

β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling plays predominant roles in modulating energy expenditure by triggering lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue, thereby conferring obesity resistance. Obesity is associated with diminished β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) expression and decreased β-adrenergic responses, but the molecular mechanism coupling nutrient overload to catecholamine resistance remains poorly defined. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are dioxygenases that alter the methylation status of DNA by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further oxidized derivatives. Here, we show that TET proteins are pivotal epigenetic suppressors of β3-AR expression in adipocytes, thereby attenuating the responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimulation. Deletion of all three
Tet
genes in adipocytes led to increased β3-AR expression and thereby enhanced the downstream β-adrenergic responses, including lipolysis, thermogenic gene induction, oxidative metabolism, and fat browning in vitro and in vivo. In mouse adipose tissues,
Tet
expression was elevated after mice ate a high-fat diet. Mice with adipose-specific ablation of all TET proteins maintained higher levels of β3-AR in both white and brown adipose tissues and remained sensitive to β-AR stimuli under high-fat diet challenge, leading to augmented energy expenditure and decreased fat accumulation. Consequently, they exhibited improved cold tolerance and were substantially protected from diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, TET proteins directly repressed
β3-AR
transcription, mainly in an enzymatic activity-independent manner, and involved the recruitment of histone deacetylases to increase deacetylation of its promoter. Thus, the TET–histone deacetylase–β3-AR axis could be targeted to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
The role of object distance and gender in Persian compliment responses
Authors: Sarkhosh Mehdi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the distance of the object of the compliment from the complimentee on
compliment responses in Persian. A further aim of the study was to understand whether gender of the complimentee made a difference
to the response pattern. To this end, 2652 Persian compliment responses were elicited through Discourse Completion Tasks from 563
BA students majoring in twenty disciplines at a university in Iran. The findings revealed that the distance of the object of the
compliment did not influence the degree of acceptance or rejection of the compliment. It was also found that Iranian university
students’ compliment response behavior, mostly characterized by the rejection or evasion of compliments was shifting toward
accepting compliments. This observation is attributed to increasing chances of exposure to and interaction with foreign media such
as satellite TV, the Internet, foreign films, series, etc. among Persian university students.
A microfabricated semi-packed column coated with porous layer and ionic liquid for the separation of characteristic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shi Lujia , Wang Hairong , Wu Xinyu , Wang Dazuo , Zhang Qunming , Han Baoqing , Sun Jianhai , Wei Xueyong , Li Changqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A serpentine-shaped semi-packed micro gas chromatography (GC) column with mesoporous inner surface and ionic liquid (IL) coating was developed for the separation of various typical volatile organic compounds in exhaled air. The mesoporous surface was prepared by coating silica nanoparticles on the inner surface of the micro GC column through static method and used as stationary phase support to improve the separation performance by its high surface area. The micro GC columns provide efficient separations for analytes including nonpolar (alkanes), weak polar (benzene series) and polar compounds (alcohols), as well as various typical markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The test results show that the resolution of most analytes is higher than 1.5, the elution peaks are symmetrical. Moreover, due to the chemical stability of IL, the micro GC had good repeatability, thermal stability and oxygen robustness. The maximum relative standard deviation of retention time was 0.44% in four weeks. During the programmed heating, a stable baseline was achieved and the baseline drift value was less than 4.8 mV when the operating temperature increased from 50 °C to 140 °C. The oxygen robustness was verified by a decrease of 7.2% in the peak capacity after exposure to dry air at 140 °C for 48 h. These characteristics showed the micro GC column is suitable for a portable breath analyzer.
Exploring symmetries in photoelectron holography with two-color linearly polarized fields
Authors: Rook T , Figueira de Morisson Faria C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate photoelectron holography in bichromatic linearly polarized fields of commensurate frequencies rω and sω, with emphasis on the existing symmetries and for which values of the relative phase between the two driving waves they are kept or broken. Using group-theoretical methods, we show that, additionally to the well-known half-cycle symmetry, which is broken for r + s odd, there are reflection symmetries around the field zero crossings and maxima, which may or may not be kept, depending on how both waves are dephased. The three symmetries are always present for monochromatic fields, while for bichromatic fields this is not guaranteed, even if r + s is even and the half-cycle symmetry is retained. Breaking the half-cycle symmetry automatically breaks one of the other two, while, if the half-cycle symmetry is retained, the other two symmetries are either both kept or broken. We analyze how these features affect the ionization times and saddle-point equations for different bichromatic fields. We also provide general expressions for the relative phases ϕ which retain specific symmetries. As an application, we compute photoelectron momentum distributions for ω − 2ω fields with the Coulomb quantum orbit strong-field approximation and assess how holographic structures such as the fan, the spider and interference carpets behave, focusing on the reflection symmetries. The features encountered can be traced back to the field gradient and amplitude affecting ionization probabilities and quantum interference in different momentum regions.
Constraints on the detection of topological charge of optical vortices using self-reference interferometry
Authors: Wu Siyao , Chen Ling , Jing Ruiping , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the self-reference interferometry of optical vortices using a Michelson interferometer. It is found that the detection of topological charge (TC) for optical vortices is constrained by some physical conditions. We present these conditions through theoretical analyses, numerical simulation and experimental results. The maximal detectable TCs are different for different parameters, which is helpful for the measurement of TC in practical applications. Within the range allowed by the constrained conditions, we also study the detection of TC using the interference pattern of a two-way optical vortex, by changing the inclined angle of one mirror of the Michelson interferometer.
Experimental study on the effect of argon shielding gas on the suppression of nitrogen arc anode ablation
Authors: Hu Ya-Hao , Meng Xian , Huang He-Ji , Shao Ke , Murphy Anthony B , Huang Kai , Sun Su-Rong , Wang Hai-Xing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The high heat flux density of the DC arc often leads to severe anode ablation, which is a key factor limiting the wider use of the DC plasma torches. In this study, a series of comparative experimental studies are conducted with the goal of suppressing nitrogen arc anode ablation by combining argon shielding flow and anode structure. It is found that for the planar electrode structure, the use of argon shielding gas can alleviate the ablation of the anode by nitrogen arc to some extent. If a boron nitride channel is installed on the anode surface to constrain the argon shielding flow, the electrode ablation can be significantly reduced. The experimental results show that there is no significant ablation on the anode surface after 1 h of operation of the nitrogen arc device with an arc current of 100 A. Further analysis reveals that, on the one hand, argon shielding gas can extend the range of motion of the nitrogen arc root along the anode surface and increase the speed of arc root motion, which has the effect of expanding the time-averaged arc anode attachment area. On the other hand, argon shielding gas can also increase the size of the nitrogen arc root and decrease the temperature of the arc root. The use of constraining channels can effectively control the range of motion of the arc root along the anode surface and strengthen the influence of argon shielding gas. The combination of these effects can substantially suppress the anode ablation of the DC arc device.
An all-sapphire fiber temperature sensor for high-temperature measurement
Authors: Cui Yang , Jiang Yi , Zhang Yutong , Feng Xinxing , Hu Jie , Jiang Lan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An all-sapphire high-temperature optical fiber sensor with an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) structure is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The EFPI structure of the sensor is composed of a sapphire ferrule with a sapphire fiber and a polished solid sapphire crystal rod. The first reflection occurs on the left end of the sapphire ferrule, and the second reflection occurs on the right end of the sapphire rod, forming double-beam interference. The interference signal is picked up by the sapphire fiber and transmitted to the white light interferometric demodulator by the multimode fiber. The picked-up signal is demodulated by the Fourier transform and interference algorithms. Experimental results show that the temperature response of the sensor is quadratic, and that the sensitivity changes linearly with a temperature range from room temperature to 1500 °C. The first-order thermal expansion coefficient and the second-order thermal expansion coefficient are 5.4575 × 10−6 °C−1 and 7.3755 × 10−9 °C−2, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficient is linearly related to temperature. Due to its all sapphire structures, this sensor solves the problem of thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, which was observed in a previous sensor made of sapphire and ceramic materials. In addition, it improves the high-temperature resistance, so it can be fully qualified for long-term high-temperature measurements above 1000 °C–1500 °C.
Gyrokinetic investigations of the electromagnetic geodesic acoustic mode
Authors: Xie Baoyi , Ye Lei , Chen Yang , Zhao Pengfei , Guo Wenfeng , Xiang Nong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The linear characteristics of the electromagnetic geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) are investigated numerically with the gyrokinetic code GEM. The results indicate that the electromagnetic effect has little influence on the frequency and damping rate of the GAM. The results also show that both

m
=

1

and

m
=

2

poloidal magnetic components of the GAM exist, and the

m
=
1

magnetic component has comparable sine and cosine components, while the

m
=
2

magnetic component is dominated by the sine component, where

m

is the poloidal mode number. In addition, the amplitudes of various magnetic components increase with respect to the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure

β

and safety factor

q

. Most importantly, the amplitude of the

m
=
1

magnetic component is comparable to, or even slightly larger than, that of the

m
=
2

magnetic component. It is also found that the trapped electron effect may be important for the magnetic components. Furthermore, the various magnetic components are compared with the previous analytical results and some discussions are given.