bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild Heterotrophic Nitrifying Strain Pseudomonas BT1 Isolated from Kitchen Waste Sludge Restores Ammonia Nitrogen Removal in a Sewage Treatment Plant Shocked by Thiourea
Authors: Deng Jingxuan , Huang Zhenxing , Wang Jinbo , Shan Xiaohong , Shi Wansheng , Ruan Wenquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThiourea is used in agriculture and industry as a metal scavenger, synthetic intermediate, and nitrification inhibitor. However, in wastewater, it can inhibit the nitrification process and induce the collapse of the nitrification system. In such a case, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) lose their ability to remove ammonia. We investigated the nitrification system of a 60,000-t/d municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing, which collapsed after receiving 5–15 ppm (5–15 mg/L) thiourea. Ammonia nitrogen removal quickly recovered to more than 95% after inoculation with 10 t high-efficiency nitrification sludge, which was collected from a kitchen waste treatment plant. A heterotrophic nitrification strain was isolated from the inoculated sludge and identified as wild Pseudomonas by 16S rDNA sequencing and named “BT1.” Based on thiourea tolerance tests, BT1 can tolerate a thiourea content of more than 500 ppm. For comparison, the in situ process was imitated by the simulation system, and the wastewater shocked by 10 ppm thiourea could still meet the emission standard after adding 1% (V/V) BT1. High-throughput sequencing analysis was applied to study microbial succession during thiourea shock loading. The results showed that Hydrogenophaga and Thiobacillus grew with the growth of BT1. Pseudomonas BT1 was used for a 6,000-t/d printed circuit board (PCB) wastewater treatment system, the nitrification system returned to normal in 15 days, and the degradation rate stabilized at more than 95%.
Collaborating Across Occupational Boundaries: Towards a Theoretical Model
Authors: Striković Aldin , Wittmann Eveline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe digital transformation leads to changing work contexts and new work objects that give rise to the necessity of collaboration across occupational boundaries. Yet there is a lack of theoretical models of cross-occupational collaboration, particularly with regard to individuals’ cross-occupational collaboration competency (COCC). In order to close this research gap, this article presents a theoretical model of COCC and associated indicators which can be subject to education and diagnostics in VET. In accordance with activity theory, cross-occupational collaboration is characterized as an activity system. While an activity is collective in nature, its role-constituting elements (e.g., division of labor) point to role-theoretical approaches. This paper reviews role-theoretical frameworks and applies structural symbolic interactionism as a framework for modeling an individual’s COCC. Using its conceptual apparatus, a hierarchical model of an individual’s capacity for cross-occupational collaboration within an activity system is developed. Its elements are (i) knowledge about one’s own occupational role, (ii) knowledge about the roles of the cooperation partners with other occupations, (iii) latent role distance, (iv) role-taking, and (v) object-oriented role coordination/role-making. This model can also be used as a basis for assessments that may lead to empirical investigations of how to promote individuals’ COCC.
Three crucial considerations when presenting alternative paradigms in sustainability research
Authors: Boda Chad S. , Harnesk David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sustainability science (SS) is diverse field of problem-driven and solution-oriented research that is still developing. The further maturation of the field relies on its practitioners formulating alternative paradigms to use-inspired knowledge production to facilitate comparison and reasoned judgment on what constitutes scientific best practices. In this short article, we flag several blind spots that can arise in attempts to articulate potential paradigms in SS. We identify and discuss three crucial components that should be included when constructing and presenting potential paradigms in the field, namely the necessity of 1) comparing suggested alternatives with available competitors, 2) preserving scientific integrity in scientific knowledge production, and 3) clarifying the particular contribution of scientific knowledge to social change. Keeping sight of these three important issues will allow the still developing field of SS to mature in a way that builds on scientific comparison and reasoned judgment among the field’s practitioners, with implications for advancing its research agenda. The issues we outline here should not only concern authors, but reviewers and editors of SS journals as well.
Zur Relevanz von Ausstattungsunterschieden für Forschungsleistungsvergleiche
Authors: Püttmann Vitus , Thomsen Stephan L. , Trunzer Johannes 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungObwohl Leistungen in der Forschung nicht unabhängig von den jeweils gegebenen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen sind, bleiben letztere bei einem Vergleich von Forschungsleistungen jedoch häufig unberücksichtigt. Basierend auf Daten zur personellen und finanziellen Ausstattung durch den Hochschulträger können wir vier Gruppen wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Abteilungen an Universitäten in Deutschland identifizieren und vergleichen Promotionen, Drittmittel, Publikationen und Platzierungen im Ranking der Plattform Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) als gängige Indikatoren für Forschungsleistungen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse bestätigen erwartungsgemäß Zusammenhänge zwischen Inputs und Outputs. Besonders bedeutsam für den quantitativen Forschungsoutput (insb. abgeschlossene Promotionen und Publikationen je Professur) scheinen die Anzahl der Studierenden je Professur und die damit zusammenhängende personelle Ausstattung der Professuren zu sein. Top-Publikationen und hohe RePEc-Platzierungen finden sich hingegen insbesondere in Abteilungen mit tendenziell größerem und jüngerem Professorium. Andere Abteilungen leisten dennoch vielzitierte Forschung, ohne dass sich hier aber eine eindeutige Tendenz bezüglich der Inputfaktoren zeigt. Die Analyse unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer Differenzierung bei Leistungsvergleichen und soll als Diskussionsanstoß für die Weiterentwicklung der Wirtschaftswissenschaften in Deutschland dienen.
In vivo evaluation of additively manufactured multi-layered scaffold for the repair of large osteochondral defects
Authors: Tamaddon Maryam , Blunn Gordon , Tan Rongwei , Yang Pan , Sun Xiaodan , Chen Shen-Mao , Luo Jiajun , Liu Ziyu , Wang Ling , Li Dichen , Donate Ricardo , Monzón Mario , Liu Chaozong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe repair of osteochondral defects is one of the major clinical challenges in orthopaedics. Well-established osteochondral tissue engineering methods have shown promising results for the early treatment of small defects. However, less success has been achieved for the regeneration of large defects, which is mainly due to the mechanical environment of the joint and the heterogeneous nature of the tissue. In this study, we developed a multi-layered osteochondral scaffold to match the heterogeneous nature of osteochondral tissue by harnessing additive manufacturing technologies and combining the established art laser sintering and material extrusion techniques. The developed scaffold is based on a titanium and polylactic acid matrix-reinforced collagen “sandwich” composite system. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold were examined, and its safety and efficacy in the repair of large osteochondral defects were tested in an ovine condyle model. The 12-week in vivo evaluation period revealed extensive and significantly higher bone in-growth in the multi-layered scaffold compared with the collagen–HAp scaffold, and the achieved stable mechanical fixation provided strong support to the healing of the overlying cartilage, as demonstrated by hyaline-like cartilage formation. The histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilage in the multi-layer scaffold group was superior to that formed in the control group. Chondrogenic genes such as aggrecan and collagen-II were upregulated in the scaffold and were higher than those in the control group. The findings showed the safety and efficacy of the cell-free “translation-ready” osteochondral scaffold, which has the potential to be used in a one-step surgical procedure for the treatment of large osteochondral defects.
Graphic abstract
Optimising Diversity in Classifier Ensembles
Authors: Ivaşcu Carina , Everson Richard M. , Fieldsend Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnsembles of predictors have been generally found to have better performance than single predictors. Although diversity is widely thought to be an important factor in building successful ensembles, there have been contradictory results in the literature regarding the influence of diversity on the generalisation error. Fundamental to this may be the way diversity itself is defined. We present two new diversity measures, based on the idea of ambiguity, obtained from the bias-variance decomposition using the cross-entropy error or the hinge-loss. If random sampling is used to select patterns on which ensemble members are trained, we find that the generalisation error is negatively correlated with diversity at high sampling rates; conversely generalisation error is positively correlated with diversity when the sampling rate is low and the diversity high. We use evolutionary optimisers for small ensembles to select the subsets of patterns for predictor training by maximising these diversity measures on training data. Evaluation of their generalisation performance on a range of classification datasets from the literature shows that the ensembles obtained by maximising the cross-entropy diversity measure generalise well, enhancing the performance of small ensembles. Regarding big ensembles, we define tree selection methods that favour ambiguous ensembles over unambiguous ensembles. Our results show that the approach that prefers ambiguous ensembles reduces the generalisation error the most and considerably reduces the number of trees needed to obtain good generalisation performance.
Hépatite B et C: une mise à jour sur lʼhépatite virale chronique
Authors: Ongaro Marie , Negro Francesco 
Published: March 2022

RésuméL’hépatite virale est une problématique de santé publique majeure contre laquelle l’organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a proposé de nombreuses stratégies pour son élimination. Malgré de nombreuses avancées thérapeutiques, il reste des freins pour atteindre les objectifs ambitieux proposés par l’OMS. Concernant le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB), un effort doit être fourni pour promouvoir la vaccination universelle et réduire le risque de transmission materno-fœtale. La recherche d’un traitement curatif est également à considérer et nous passerons brièvement en revue les avancées dans ce domaine.L’élimination du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) rencontre des difficultés différentes. En effet, malgré la disponibilité d’un traitement antiviral efficace dirigé contre le VHC, les données récentes montrent que seulement 5 % de la population mondiale diagnostiquée aurait bénéficié d’un traitement. Les stratégies actuelles doivent axer leurs efforts sur l’accès au circuit de soin pour les patients virémiques. Une autre difficulté réside dans le suivi des patients guéris avec des recommandations de suivi encore débattues.Cette revue passera rapidement en revue les avancées récentes concernant les virus de l’hépatite B et C.
Chronischer Pruritus
Authors: Kremer Andreas E. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungChronischer Pruritus ist ein häufiges Symptom mit einer Prävalenz von rund 15 %. Neben klassischen Hauterkrankungen wie der atopischen Dermatitis oder Psoriasis leiden auch zahlreiche Patienten mit internistischen, neurologischen und psychiatrischen Krankheitsbildern an Pruritus. Die häufigsten internistischen Ursachen des chronischen Pruritus sind chronische Niereninsuffizienz, Leber- und Gallengangerkrankungen, lymphoproliferative Neoplasien sowie Medikamentennebenwirkungen. Seltener sind Patienten mit endokrinen oder metabolischen Störungen, Malassimilationssyndromen, Infektionskrankheiten oder soliden Tumoren betroffen. Die Basistherapie besteht aus rehydrierenden und rückfettenden Topika. Bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz ist die Wirksamkeit der Kalziumkanalblocker Gabapentin und Pregabalin gut belegt. Agonisten des κ‑Opioidrezeptors stellen neuartige Therapieansätze dar. Bei hepatobiliären Erkrankungen werden Gallensäurebinder, Rifampicin, Fibrate, μ‑Opioidrezeptor-Antagonisten und Antidepressiva eingesetzt. Zukünftig werden auch ileale Gallensalz-Wiederaufnahme(IBAT)-Hemmer Anwendung finden. Bei lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen sind häufig JAK-STAT-Inhibitoren effektiv.
Comparative studies for the treatment of industrial effluents employing advanced processes: towards enhancement of environmental performance
Authors: Shah Hardik , Ruparelia Jayesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe investigation was inspired by the declaration of critically polluted industrial zones in India. It was also reported that most of the Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are non-compliant due to higher COD values in discharge than regulatory norms. Furthermore, most of the literature has not reported the efficacy of advanced wastewater technologies for real industrial effluent. Thus, this research focused on field trials of scalable advanced wastewater technologies in Vatva Industrial Estate (VIE), Ahmedabad. The potential of physico-chemical and advanced treatment processes are explored for applicability in industrial wastewater treatment. Thus, for this research, three industries from each sector, i.e., textile processing, dyes, and dye intermediates, a total of nine different industries were chosen. A sufficient volume of effluent was collected from each industry for detailed investigations. The initial COD loading observed was in the range of 68 to 7074, 30 to 896, and 100 to 1541 kg COD/day for textile processing, dyes, and dye intermediates, respectively, with significant variation in the qualitative profiles. The collected effluent was treated by electrocoagulation and Fenton's reagent in batch scale reactors. The batch scale reactors for both the technologies were of 1L size. The results of treatability studies represented that Fenton's reagent performed better than the electrocoagulation process for most of the industries selected in this study. This research provides insight for improvement in the environmental performance of the individual industries in general and CETPs in particular.
Fairness in Algorithmic Policing
Authors: PURVES DUNCAN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPredictive policing, the practice of using of algorithmic systems to forecast crime, is heralded by police departments as the new frontier of crime analysis. At the same time, it is opposed by civil rights groups, academics, and media outlets for being ‘biased’ and therefore discriminatory against communities of color. This paper argues that the prevailing focus on racial bias has overshadowed two normative factors that are essential to a full assessment of the moral permissibility of predictive policing: fairness in the social distribution of the benefits and burdens of policing as well as the distinctive role of consent in determining fair distribution. When these normative factors are given their due attention, several requirements emerge for the fair implementation of predictive policing. Among these requirements are that police departments inform and solicit buy-in from affected communities about strategic decision-making and that departments favor non-enforcement-oriented interventions.
Conspiracy Theories, Populism, and Epistemic Autonomy
Authors: HARRIS KEITH RAYMOND 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuassim Cassam has argued that psychological and epistemological analyses of conspiracy theories threaten to overlook the political nature of such theories. According to Cassam, conspiracy theories are a form of political propaganda. I develop a limited critique of Cassam's analysis.This paper advances two core theses. First, acceptance of conspiracy theories requires a rejection of epistemic authority that renders conspiracy theorists susceptible to co-option by certain political programs while insulating such programs from criticism. I argue that the contrarian nature of conspiracy theories partially accounts for the prominence of such theories in populist movements.Second, the contrarian nature of conspiracy theories partially accounts for their attractiveness, especially among those to whom populism already appeals. I argue that for those who resent what appears from their perspective as the shaping of the epistemic landscape by alien perspectives, conspiracy theorizing may facilitate the reassertion of epistemic autonomy.
Community Disaster Resilience and Risk Perception in Earthquake-Stricken Areas of China
Authors: Ma Zhixing , Zhou Wenfeng , Deng Xin , Xu Dingde 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study is to further deepen our understanding of the relationship between community resilience and disaster risk perception of residents, so as to provide beneficial enlightenment for the construction of community resilience disaster prevention system and disaster risk management.Methods:This study surveyed 327 rural households in four counties of Sichuan Province, China, that were affected by the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes. Community disaster resilience was divided into five dimensions: connection and caring, resources, transformative potential, disaster management, and information and communication. Residents’ disaster risk perception was divided into three dimensions: possibility, threat, and worry. This study analyzed the characteristics of community disaster resilience and residents’ disaster risk perceptions. Ordinary least squares (OLS) methods were used to explore the correlations between these factors.Results:The results show that (1) Residents’ overall disaster risk perception was at a moderate level, and the community’s overall disaster resilience were above the moderate level. (2) Community connection and caring has a positive significant correlation with the possibility perception of disaster occurrence; transformative potential has a negative significant correlation with the possibility perception of disaster occurrence; the overall community disaster resilience has negative significant correlations with the possibility and the overall residents’ perception of disaster risk occurrence.Conclusions:The implication for the local government is that the government should appropriately increase its contact with external institutions/organizations, especially some Non-Governmental Organization, to strengthen the resilience and disaster prevention capacity of the community. Establish and improve information and communication networks to ensure the timely and effective transmission of effective disaster information, and strengthen the supervision of the dissemination of false information to reduce the losses caused by false information to residents. Attention should be paid to psychological counseling for people in disaster-hit areas to reduce the psychological trauma of the disaster.
Implementation of an Emergency Power Rule: Compliance of Florida Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Facilities
Authors: June Joseph W. , Peterson Lindsay , Hyer Kathryn , Dobbs Debra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Thea aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Florida nursing home and assisted living facility characteristics and their ability to comply with a new emergency power rule in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma.

Methods:
This study used characteristics data on Florida nursing homes (NHs) (N = 680) and assisted living facilities (ALFs) (N = 2940) in operation between September 2017 and January 2019. Logistic regressions were used to determine whether certain characteristics were associated with compliance with the emergency power rule by January 1, 2019.

Results:
A total of 219 (32.9%) NHs and 2219 (75.5%) ALFs had an emergency power plan implemented by January 1, 2019. Results suggest having a dementia care unit increased the odds of compliance for NHs, while chain membership, for-profit status, and a higher reliance on Medicaid decreased the odds. Additionally, smaller size, mental health specialty license, and higher reliance on supplemental state funding increased the odds of compliance for ALFs, while nursing care specialty license and for-profit status decreased the odds of compliance.

Conclusions:
Policy implications from these results include informing policy-makers on the barriers faced by NHs and ALFs to implement a new regulation that may cause financial difficulties and compromise quality care.
Fractal projections with an application in number theory
Authors: YU HAN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a connection between geometric measure theory and number theory. This method brings a new point of view for some number-theoretic problems concerning digit expansions. Among other results, we show that for each integer k, there is a number
$M>0$
such that if
$b_{1},\ldots ,b_{k}$
are multiplicatively independent integers greater than M, there are infinitely many integers whose base
$b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{k}$
expansions all do not have any zero digits.
Effects of board gender diversity and sustainability committees on environmental performance: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Muhammad Hussain , Migliori Stefania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of board gender diversity (BGD) and sustainability committees on environmental performance. Using a quantile regression approach and a sample of publicly listed firms in Italy, we find that BGD and sustainability committees have different effects on firms' environmental performance over different points of conditional distribution. This shows that BGD and sustainability committees have greater quantitative impact in firms performing better environmentally and are positively related to environmental performance. We further discover that large Italian firms that reach a critical mass of three female directors maintain a stronger attitude towards environmental sustainability. Overall, the results confirm that BGD and sustainability committees enhance board effectiveness and help promote sustainable environmental initiatives. This study provides empirical evidence from a context that has not yet been investigated. It further augments the literature by employing a quantile regression approach, mostly unexamined by previous studies.
Introduction: Primitive Accumulation and Socialism
Authors: Goldman Wendy Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this dossier, Marx's concept of primitive accumulation is applied to socialist development in the Soviet Union, China, and Romania, three countries in which socialist revolution occurred before the full development of capitalism. The introduction profiles the ideas of Evgenii Preobrazhensky, the Soviet theorist and left oppositionist, who first applied Marx's concept to the problems of socialist development, and was executed under Stalin in 1937. Preobrazhensky advanced the idea of “primitive socialist accumulation”, a process that would fund industrialization by extracting surplus through planned, non-coercive transfers from market-based and state sectors. Preobrazhensky's ideas sparked debates within communist parties over collectivization and the tempo of development. The introduction and articles in the dossier point the way towards future comparative research, suggesting that the processes of primitive capitalist and socialist accumulation shared painful similarities.