bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent anxiety and depression: burden of disease study in 53,894 secondary school pupils in the Netherlands
Authors: Klaufus Leonie , Verlinden Eva , van der Wal Marcel , Cuijpers Pim , Chinapaw Mai , Smit Filip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence rates of anxiety and depression in adolescence are rising markedly in early adolescence. It is important to quantify the non-fatal disease burden of anxiety and depression, such that early interventions can be well targeted, and resources can be allocated in a just and optimal way. This study aimed to estimate the non-fatal disease burden of anxiety and depression with and without suicidal ideation in girls and boys aged 13, 14, and 15 years.MethodsParticipants were 53,894 secondary school pupils who completed health questionnaires between September 2018 and July 2019. A design-based approach was used for complex survey data with post-stratification weights and taking clustering at school-level into account. At individual level, disability weights (DWs) were calculated for each disorder. At population level, DWs were multiplied by the point-prevalence per one thousand population of the respective disorders to compute years lived with disability (YLD). DWs and YLD of anxiety and depression were calculated with and without adjustment for comorbid eating disorders, substance use disorders and somatic illnesses.ResultsThe unadjusted DW of depression with suicidal ideation (0.30) was greater than without suicidal ideation (0.26), and both were greater than the DW of anxiety (0.24). A similar ranking was obtained after adjusting for comorbidities. At population level, where the prevalence of the disorders come into play, the YLD disease burden was greatest for anxiety, followed by depression with suicidal ideation and depression without suicidal ideation with 17.40, 9.85, and 5.28 YLD per one thousand population, unadjusted for comorbidities. This pattern was the same after adjustment, but then the total YLD of depression with and without suicidal ideation was similar to the YLD of anxiety (12.47 and 12.46, respectively). Girls showed a significantly greater YLD burden of anxiety and depression than boys, but no differences were found between different age groups.ConclusionsFrom an individual clinical perspective, depression, especially when accompanied by suicidal ideation, was identified as a major health concern, especially in girls. From a public health perspective, both anxiety and depression, especially when accompanied by suicidal ideation, were identified as major drivers of disease burden, again most notably in girls.
Large outbreak of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) poisoning due to consumption of contaminated humanitarian relief food: Uganda, March–April 2019
Authors: Mutebi Ronald R. , Ario Alex R. , Nabatanzi Maureen , Kyamwine Irene B. , Wibabara Yvette , Muwereza Peter , Eurien Daniel , Kwesiga Benon , Bulage Lilian , Kabwama Steven N. , Kadobera Daniel , Henderson Alden , Callahan John H. , Croley Timothy R. , Knolhoff Ann M. , Mangrum John B. , Handy Sara M. , McFarland Melinda A. , Sam Jennifer L. Fong , Harris Julie R. , Zhu Bao-Ping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) contains toxic alkaloids that cause gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms when ingested. This can be lethal at high doses. The plant may grow together with leguminous crops, mixing with them during harvesting. On 13 March 2019, more than 200 case-patients were admitted to multiple health centres for acute gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms. We investigated to determine the cause and magnitude of the outbreak and recommended evidence-based control and prevention measures.

Methods
We defined a suspected case as sudden onset of confusion, dizziness, convulsions, hallucinations, diarrhoea, or vomiting with no other medically plausible explanations in a resident of Napak or Amudat District from 1 March—30 April 2019. We reviewed medical records and canvassed all villages of the eight affected subcounties to identify cases. In a retrospective cohort study conducted in 17 villages that reported the earliest cases, we interviewed 211 residents about dietary history during 11–15 March. We used modified Poisson regression to assess suspected food exposures. Food samples underwent chemical (heavy metals, chemical contaminants, and toxins), proteomic, DNA, and microbiological testing in one national and three international laboratories.

Results
We identified 293 suspected cases; five (1.7%) died. Symptoms included confusion (62%), dizziness (38%), diarrhoea (22%), nausea/vomiting (18%), convulsions (12%), and hallucinations (8%). The outbreak started on 12 March, 2–12 h after Batch X of fortified corn-soy blend (CSB +) was distributed. In the retrospective cohort study, 66% of 134 persons who ate CSB + , compared with 2.2% of 75 who did not developed illness (RRadj = 22, 95% CI = 6.0–81). Samples of Batch X distributed 11–15 March contained 14 tropane alkaloids, including atropine (25-50 ppm) and scopolamine (1-10 ppm). Proteins of Solanaceae seeds and Jimsonweed DNA were identified. No other significant laboratory findings were observed.

Conclusion
This was the largest documented outbreak caused by food contamination with tropane alkaloids. Implicated food was immediately withdrawn. Routine food safety and quality checks could prevent future outbreaks.
Postoperative morbidity risk factors after conservative surgery of hydatic cyst of the liver: a retrospective study of 151 hydatic cysts of the liver
Authors: Ghannouchi Mossaab , Rodayna Hawas , Ben Khalifa Mohamed , Nacef Karim , Boudokhan Moez 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present paper is to assess the morbidity specifics risk factors of hepatic hydatid cyst after conservative surgery.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 102 patients over a period of 13 years, from 2006 to 2019. We included all patients operated on hydatid cyst of the liver, complicated and uncomplicated, in the Department of General Surgery in Tahar Sfar hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia. We excluded patients who received an exclusive medical treatment and those who have other hydatic cyst localizations.

Results
The cohort was composed of 102 patients with a total of 151 cysts operated on using conservative surgery, among them there was 75 women (73.5%) and 27 men (26.5%). The median age was 43, with extremes ranging from 12 to 88 years. The majority of patients (94.1%) were from rural areas. The cysts were uncomplicated in about half of the cases (48%), elsewhere complications such as compression of neighboring organs (25.5%), opening in the bile ducts (16.7%), infection (9.8%), and rupture in the peritoneum (2%) were found. Conservative surgery was the mainstay of treatment with an overall mortality rate of 1.9%. The overall morbidity rate was 22%: 14% specific morbidity and 8% non-specific morbidity. External biliary fistula was the most common postoperative complication (9%). The predictive factors of morbidity in univariate analysis were: preoperative hydatid cyst infection (P = 0.01), Compressive cysts (P = 0.05), preoperative fever and jaundice, (respectively P = 0.03 and P = 0.02), no one achieved statistical significance in the multivariate model.

Conclusions
Preoperative hydatid cyst infection, compressive cysts and preoperative fever and jaundice could be predictor factors of morbidity after conservative surgery for liver hydatid cyst. They must be considered in the treatment and the surgical decision for patients with hydatid cyst.
An integrated analysis of prognostic and immune infiltrates for hub genes as potential survival indicators in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhiyun , Wang Shi , Ren Zhijian , Gao Xiang , Xu Lin , Zhang Shuai , Ren Binhui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major subtypes of lung cancer that is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify useful biomarkers to enhance the treatment and diagnosis of LUAD.

Methods
GEO2R was used to identify common up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE32863, GSE40791, and GSE75037 datasets. The DEGs were submitted to Metascape for gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis as well as construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, while the molecular complex detection (MCODE) plug-in was employed to filter important subnetworks. The expression levels of the hub genes and their prognostic values were evaluated using the UALCAN, GEPIA2, and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The timer algorithm was utilized to determine the correlation between immune cell infiltration and the expression levels of hub genes in LUAD tissues. In addition, the hub gene mutation landscape and the correlation analysis with tumor mutational burden (TMB) score were evaluated using maftools package and ggstatsplot package in R software, respectively.

Results
We identified 156 common up-regulated DEGs, with gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis indicating that they were mostly enriched in mitotic cell cycle process and cell cycle pathway. DEGs in the subnetwork with the largest number of genes were AURKB, CCNB2, CDC20, CDCA5, CDCA8, CENPF, and KNTC1. The seven hub genes were highly expressed in LUAD tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. These hub genes were negatively correlated with most immune cells. The somatic mutation landscape showed that AURKB, CDC20, CENPF, and KNTC1 had mutations and were positively correlated with TMB scores.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that increased expression of seven hub genes is associated with poor prognosis for LUAD patients. Additionally, the TMB score indicates that the high expression of hub gene increases immune cell infiltration in patients with lung adenocarcinoma which may significantly improve response to immunotherapy.
Mechanical stress shapes the cancer cell response to neddylation inhibition
Authors: Mittler Frédérique , Obeïd Patricia , Haguet Vincent , Allier Cédric , Gerbaud Sophie , Rulina Anastasia V. , Gidrol Xavier , Balakirev Maxim Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The inhibition of neddylation by the preclinical drug MLN4924 represents a new strategy to combat cancer. However, despite being effective against hematologic malignancies, its success in solid tumors, where cell–cell and cell-ECM interactions play essential roles, remains elusive.

Methods
Here, we studied the effects of MLN4924 on cell growth, migration and invasion in cultured prostate cancer cells and in disease-relevant prostate tumoroids. Using focused protein profiling, drug and RNAi screening, we analyzed cellular pathways activated by neddylation inhibition.

Results
We show that mechanical stress induced by MLN4924 in prostate cancer cells significantly affects the therapeutic outcome. The latter depends on the cell type and involves distinct Rho isoforms. In LNCaP and VCaP cells, the stimulation of RhoA and RhoB by MLN4924 markedly upregulates the level of tight junction proteins at cell–cell contacts, which augments the mechanical strain induced by Rho signaling. This “tight junction stress response” (TJSR) causes the collapse of cell monolayers and a characteristic rupture of cancer spheroids. Notably, TJSR is a major cause of drug-induced apoptosis in these cells. On the other hand, in PC3 cells that underwent partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the stimulation of RhoC induces an adverse effect by promoting amoeboid cell scattering and invasion. We identified complementary targets and drugs that allow for the induction of TJSR without stimulating RhoC.

Conclusions
Our finding that MLN4924 acts as a mechanotherapeutic opens new ways to improve the efficacy of neddylation inhibition as an anticancer approach.

Graphical Abstract
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a case report
Authors: Keka-Sylaj Alije , Ramosaj Atifete , Baloku Arbana , Zogaj Leonore , Mushica Flamur , Kurshumliu Fisnik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimitive neuroectodermal tumors are extremely rare and highly aggressive malignant small round cell tumors that arise from the primitive nerve cells of the nervous system or outside it. These tumors share similar histology, immunohistologic characteristics, and cytogenetics with Ewing’s sarcoma. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the chest wall are rare malignant tumors seen in children and young adults.Case presentationWe report a rare case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a 4-year-old Albanian girl with a mediastinal tumor and an unusual clinical presentation. She was initially treated for acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain–Barré syndrome) owing to pain, weakness in the lower limbs, and walking difficulty, as well as severe irritability. During the second week of treatment, the child began to experience dry cough, chest discomfort, and worsening dyspnea. Chest radiography, chest computed tomography, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a large mass in the right hemithorax that was derived from the posterior mediastinum with expansive growth in all directions and that shifted the mediastinal structures in the anterolateral left direction. Consequently, histopathology and immunohistochemical examination of the markers S-100, CD99, and Ki-67 showed that the tumor cells stained positively for S-100 and CD99. The proliferative index measured by Ki-67 was approximately 20%, which suggested primitive neuroectodermal tumor.ConclusionsEven though other diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma, may be accompanied by musculoskeletal manifestations in children, other solid tumors, such as peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors, should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any child presenting with musculoskeletal symptoms.
Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003–2017: part 1 – continuous bivariate analysis
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe genotoxic and cancerogenic impacts of population-wide cannabinoid exposure remains an open but highly salient question. The present report examines these issues from a continuous bivariate perspective with subsequent reports continuing categorical and detailed analyses.MethodsAge-standardized state census incidence of 28 cancer types (including “All (non-skin) Cancer”) was sourced using SEER*Stat software from Centres for Disease Control and National Cancer Institute across US states 2001–2017. It was joined with drug exposure data from the nationally representative National Survey of Drug Use and Health conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2003–2017, response rate 74.1%. Cannabinoid data was from Federal seizure data. Income and ethnicity data sourced from the US Census Bureau. Data was processed in R.ResultsNineteen thousand eight hundred seventy-seven age-standardized cancer rates were returned. Based on these rates and state populations this equated to 51,623,922 cancer cases over an aggregated population 2003–2017 of 124,896,418,350. Regression lines were charted for cancer-substance exposures for cigarettes, alcohol use disorder (AUD), cannabis, THC, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabinol and cannabigerol. In this substance series positive trends were found for 14, 9, 6, 9, 12, 6, 9 and 7 cancers; with largest minimum E-Values (mEV) of 1.76 × 109, 4.67 × 108, 2.74 × 104, 4.72, 2.34 × 1018, 2.74 × 1017, 1.90 × 107, 5.05 × 109; and total sum of exponents of mEV of 34, 32, 13, 0, 103, 58, 25, 31 indicating that cannabidiol followed by cannabichromene are the most strongly implicated in environmental carcinogenesis. Breast cancer was associated with tobacco and all cannabinoids (from mEV = 3.53 × 109); “All Cancer” (non-skin) linked with cannabidiol (mEV = 1.43 × 1011); pediatric AML linked with cannabis (mEV = 19.61); testicular cancer linked with THC (mEV = 1.33). Cancers demonstrating elevated mEV in association with THC were: thyroid, liver, pancreas, AML, breast, oropharynx, CML, testis and kidney. Cancers demonstrating elevated mEV in relation to cannabidiol: prostate, bladder, ovary, all cancers, colorectum, Hodgkins, brain, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, esophagus, breast and stomach.ConclusionData suggest that cannabinoids including THC and cannabidiol are important community carcinogens exceeding the effects of tobacco or alcohol. Testicular, (prostatic) and ovarian tumours indicate mutagenic corruption of the germline in both sexes; pediatric tumourigenesis confirms transgenerational oncogenesis; quantitative criteria implying causality are fulfilled.
Meteorological drought monitoring across the main river basins of Ethiopia using satellite rainfall product
Authors: Lemma Estifanos , Upadhyaya Shruti , Ramsankaran Raaj 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Drought is a recurrent phenomenon emerging from an inter-annual and intra-seasonal deficit of water across the atmosphere-to-aquifer continuum and these events are reported to be very severe in regions of Ethiopia. Availability of accurate precipitation observations significantly impacts the drought monitoring systems. These observations are scarce and sparsely distributed in countries like Ethiopia. To overcome such a problem, the use of satellite rainfall estimates with continuous and timely data at different spatio-temporal scales is opportune, provided their accuracy is well known. Among the currently available satellite rainfall products studies specifically in Ethiopia shown that Climate Hazard Group Infrared Precipitation with Station version 2 daily rainfall product (hereafter CHIRPSv2) has better performance and recommended as a valuable substitute for gauge rainfall data. Therefore, the current study focused on assessing the applicability of CHIRPSv2 for meteorological drought monitoring in Ethiopia. Due to the wide spatio-temporal variability of Ethiopia's climate, the performance of CHIRPSv2 rainfall product for meteorological drought monitoring has been assessed in selected river basins (Awash, Blue Nile, Baro, Danakil, Omo and Tekeze) of Ethiopia. For drought estimations, two well-known meteorological drought indices such as Effective Drought Index (EDI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) have been utilized.

Result
The obtained results show that the CHIRPSv2 based EDI and SPI are able to identify all the historical drought events reported between 1982 and 2016 (such as 1984, 1992, 2003, 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2015). The time series plots of EDI and SPI values show that most of the drought events in the selected river basins occurred during their corresponding main and smaller rainy months. Detailed spatio-temporal investigations of the two worst drought years (1984 and 2011) and one drought-free year (2007) show that both the EDI and SPI could enable to identify the drought and drought-free areas correctly when compared with the available recorded historical droughts (RHD) across each river basin. Similarly, the temporal trends of EDI and SPI identified drought shows that frequency and severity of drought were higher during 1980s and 2000s than 1990s.

Conclusions
Such good agreement between the identified drought and historical drought indicates that CHIRPSv2 is a promising rainfall dataset, which could be used to develop drought monitoring and early warning system across different river basins of Ethiopia. Besides, the study helps to provide useful information for decision makers to implement different adaptation and mitigation measures of drought in the study area. The finding also will support to improve the existing drought monitoring and early warning system and to build resilience to drought at the river basin level.
Investigating the fate of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle compounds in spilled oils with a microcosm weathering experiment
Authors: Filewood Taylor , Kwok Honoria , Brunswick Pamela , Yan Jeffrey , Ollinik Jessica E. , Cote Christopher , Kim Marcus , van Aggelen Graham , Helbing Caren C. , Shang Dayue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the common toxic compound groups in crude oils are the polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) and their related alkylated forms (APASHs). Unlike commonly investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated forms (APAHs), these sulfur containing compounds have not been extensively studied due to the lack of practical analytical methodology as well as expense and limited availability of chemical standards. In the current study, a newly developed polycyclic aromatic carbon (PAC) method was applied to analyze the various PASHs/APASHs in crude oil samples using PAHs as surrogate standards. To investigate the fate of PASHs/APASHs in spilled oils in the environment, microcosm systems containing various crude oils were prepared and exposed to the environment for two months, simulating the summer weather conditions of Canada’s west coast. The artificially weathered crude oil samples were analyzed for both PAH/APAH and PASH/APASH composition, and the results were compared to un-weathered counterparts of the oils. PASHs/APASHs were found to be affected by the microcosm weathering in similar ways to PAHs/APAHs. Fifteen PASHs and APASHs were found to be resistant to weathering and be potential candidates as biomarkers in oil spill forensic investigation.
Transition from undergraduates to residents: A SWOT analysis of the expectations and concerns of Japanese medical graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hayashi Mikio , Nishiya Katsumi , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Interruptions in undergraduate clinical clerkship during the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced the confidence and preparedness of residents beginning their postgraduate training. We explore the thoughts of new residents about this transition and reflect on the support needed.

Methods
An exploratory qualitative case study was conducted with 51 residents. All had experienced interruptions in clinical training due to the pandemic and had just started their postgraduate training. Qualitative data were collected through 6 focus groups and 12 individual follow-up interviews. A thematic analysis was undertaken, and the data were categorised using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework.

Results
Graduates beginning their residency were aware of their professionalism and independence during the transition. They also faced the predicament of needing close supervision while their supervisors managed pandemic conditions. Residents emphasised the importance of developing relationships with colleagues and supervisors during the transition to residency and wanted direct observation and detailed feedback from their supervisors during procedures.

Conclusions
The experiences of residents were not uniformly negative. In fact, some had developed a positive mindset when entering the clinical field. Medical faculty members reflecting on interactions with new residents and planning future clinical internships could benefit from placing a high value on building relationships among residents, who may expect direct observation and detailed feedback from their supervisors.
Unidad de posgrados como unidad de gestión: se piensa y se transforma
Authors: Ramírez Téllez Alberto , Fonseca Ortiz Lina María 
Published: March 2022

La Universidad Santo Tomás, comprometida con la formación posgradual integral y de calidad, y en consideración del crecimiento de la oferta de programas académicos en este nivel de formación, crea la Unidad de Posgrados en el 2012 como unidad académica adscrita a la Vicerrectoría Académica General (VAG) con el objetivo de coadyuvar en el desarrollo de proyectos y estrategias que favorecen la articulación de los posgrados con las políticas institucionales (Acuerdo 28, Consejo Superior, USTA, 2012). Su creación se constituye en parte de las unidades de gestión de la VAG, que fungen como instancias consultivas y asesoras, que les da carácter de unidades de apoyo para el desarrollo de las funciones universitarias.