bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinicopathological and Survival Analysis of Non-squamous Cervical Cancers in India
Authors: Nayak B. L. , Padhy A. K. , Mohapatra J. J. , Mohapatra M. R. , Parija J. , Das R. , Mohanty S. , Spattnaik S. , Giri S. K. , Panda N. , Senapathi S. N. , Pattnaik L. , Sarangi L. , Padhi S. , Samantray S. , Devi P. , Panda S. , Rout N. , Kar T. , Das L. , Hota Duttaswar , Mohapatra P. C. 
Published: September 2022

Aim and Objective: An clinicopathological and survival analysis 22 cases cases of nonsquamous carcinomas of cervix from 2010- 2020.
Primary Objective: Is to analyse the extent of microscopic parametrial involvement in early invasive non squamous carcinoma with respect to age, size of lesion, depth of invasion.
To analyse the nodal status in clinically early invasive nonsquamous carcinoma with respect to other variable i.e age, tumor size, depth of invasion, parametrial involvement.
Secondary Objective: Was to analyse the survival status, of after radical hysterectomy and adjuvant therapy.
Materials and Methods: The hps confirmed cases of nonsquamous carcinoma of cervix were included in the studyand few cases were ihc confimed.
Inclusion Criteria: Primary non squamous cacinoma of cervix hps confirmed.
Exclusion Criteria: Squamous carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma of cervix.
Methods: Regression analysis chi square, log rank test.Kaplan Meyers curve was used for survival analysis.
Results: On regression analysis with dependent variable as the pelvic node was analysed with age, depth of invasion and size of lesion and parametrium,none of factors were significantly influencing the nodal status [1-3].
Similarly the parametrium positivity taken as the dependent variable was analysed with age, size of lesion, depth of invasion. None of the factors could predict the parametrial involvement. Overall 5-year survival probability for the patients is 0.770 i.e 55 months with 95% CI (0.570, 1.000). Here, the 5-year survival probability for the patients with parametrium positive status is 0.917i.e 48months 95% CI (0.773, 1.000). The log rank test for change in survival between two parametrium groups i.e., negative and positive patients gives chi-square value 3.59 (d.f.=1, p-value = 0.06), which indicates two groups do not differ in their survival.
Disease free survival of the parametrium –ve/ parametium+ve(60/24 mths). The log rank test for change in survival between two parametrium groups i.e., negative and positive patients gives chi-square value 2.8 (d.f.=1, p-value = 0.1), which indicates two groups do not differ in their disease free survival.
A Survey of Entrepreneurship Education and Its Effect on Students' Involvement in Business in School and after School
Authors: Anietie Udokang Kemi 
Published: September 2022

This study was undertaken to assess the extent to which the introduction of entrepreneurship education (EEd) has helped in building entrepreneurs in school and after school following the introduction of the course into Nigerian educational system more than a decade ago. The assessment was measured based on students’ involvement in entrepreneurial activities while in school and their involvement in different business activities after school. Therefore, the entrepreneurs were selected purposively considering graduates entrepreneurs from The Federal Polytechnic Offa between 2010 - 2021 who resides in Offa, from the Federal polytechnic area/ Abuja area to Olofa way area. Questionnaire was used to gather data in which 240 questionnaires were administered to the entrepreneurs, out of which 219 were successfully returned. The questionnaire returned were made up of 74 Full-Time (FT) National Diploma (ND) graduates representing 34%, 76 Part-Time (PT) ND graduate representing 35% and 69 Higher National Diploma (HND) graduates representing 32%. After collection of data which was presented in pie charts, the Z-test about proportion and binary logistic regression model were used in analyzing the data. The result of the analysis revealed that, the proportion of graduates’ involvement in business activities and changing mindset to business activities due to entrepreneurship education does not significantly varies between graduates that were involved in business while in school and graduates that were involved in business after school. A similar finding in changing mindset to do business while in school also revealed that proportions of graduated students that are participating in business activities after school and graduated students that participated in business activities while in school, that EEd in school has influenced in changing their mindset to do business are significantly the same. Also, discovered is that academic performance in EEd does not significantly determine a student involvement in business activities while in school or after school. Based on the findings, the stakeholders are advised to improve on the course content of EEd in tertiary institution for more participation and encourage those with a small- scale business venture.
The Prevalence and Distribution of Enteric Bacteria in Meat and Meat Products in Mosul City
Authors: Azzawi Muhannad Ali , Essa Muhsin Ayoub 
Published: September 2022

Food-borne diseases are the most serious international health issue, causing economic losses and health. The enteric bacteria are the most difficult bacterial contamination of raw and processed beef products worldwide. It is also the most prevalent type of food poisoning.
Aim: The current study sought to determine the presence and distribution of enteric bacteria associated with various types of meat (red and white) and their fresh and frozen products.
Methods: 36 meat samples were collected from local markets in Nineveh Governorate. The contamination of various meat samples with enteric bacteria was assessed. The bacteria were subsequently isolated and identified using culture, microscopy, and biochemical techniques. Vitek-2 device was used to verify the diagnosis.
Results: All of the meats tested were contaminated with enteric bacteria to varied degrees. Fresh chicken meat had the highest rate of enteric bacterial infection, with a logarithm of 1.12*108 CFU/g. The frozen beef samples had the least contamination, with a logarithm of 7.4*104 CFU/g. The results revealed that 57 isolates from the intestine family bacteria included 13 species: C. freundii, C. koseri, E. coli, Enterobacter spp., K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. stuartii, S. paratyphi A, S. typhi, Shigella spp., and Y. enterocolitica. E. coli was found in the most meat varieties analyzed, accounting for 19% of the total.
Conclusions: Because it is evident that meat can be contaminated with a wide variety of hazardous bacteria, basic hygiene procedures help to decrease the amount of contaminated microbes.
Association of Unhealthy Lifestyle and Childhood Adversity With Acceleration of Aging Among UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Yang Gan , Cao Xingqi , Li Xueqin , Zhang Jingyun , Ma Chao , Zhang Ning , Lu Qingyun , Crimmins Eileen M. , Gill Thomas M. , Chen Xi , Liu Zuyun 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceAccelerated aging makes adults more vulnerable to chronic diseases and death. Whether childhood adversity is associated with accelerated aging processes, and to what extent lifestyle mediates the association, remain unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of childhood adversity with a phenotypic aging measure and the role of unhealthy lifestyle in mediating these associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using data from adult participants in the UK Biobank baseline survey (2006-2010) and online mental health survey (2016). Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022.ExposuresChildhood adversity, including physical neglect, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and emotional abuse, was assessed retrospectively through the online mental health survey (2016).Main Outcomes and MeasuresA phenotypic aging measure, phenotypic age acceleration, was calculated, with higher values indicating accelerated aging. Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet were combined to construct an unhealthy lifestyle score (range, 0-5, with higher scores denoting a more unhealthy lifestyle).ResultsA total of 127 495 participants aged 40 to 69 years (mean [SD] chronological age at baseline, 56.4 [7.7] years; 70 979 women [55.7%]; 123 987 White participants [97.2%]) were included. Each individual type of childhood adversity and cumulative childhood adversity score were associated with phenotypic age acceleration. For instance, compared with participants who did not experience childhood adversity, those who experienced 4 (β = 0.296, 95% CI, 0.130-0.462) or 5 (β = 0.833; 95% CI, 0.537-1.129) childhood adversities had higher phenotypic age acceleration in fully adjusted models. The formal mediation analysis revealed that unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated the associations of childhood adversity with phenotypic age acceleration by 11.8% to 42.1%.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study, childhood adversity was significantly associated with acceleration of aging and, more importantly, unhealthy lifestyle partially mediated these associations. These findings reveal a pathway from childhood adversity to health in middle and early older adulthood through lifestyle and underscore the potential of more psychological strategies beyond lifestyle interventions to promote healthy aging.
The WillS of Words: An Alsop Mediagraphy
Authors: Garcia Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere were many Alsops: painter, sculptor, writer, impresario and lecturer/design tutor. Mark Garcia discusses the chameleon aspects of Alsop's oeuvre and his attitude to architectural theory. He tries to unravel these renegade ‘Wills’ and ultimately celebrates the dexterity of Alsop's thought patterns and creative output.
A Catalytic Immune Activator Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles to Reprogram the Immunoecology of Breast Cancer from “Cold” to “Hot” State
Authors: Wang Shuren , Wang Zhiyi , Li Ziyuan , Xu Junjie , Meng Xiangxi , Zhao Zijing , Hou Yanglong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) as “cold” tumor is characterized by severe immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To effectively activate the immune response of TNBC, a new kind of therapy strategy called cancer catalytic immunotherapy is proposed based on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as immune activators. Utilizing the weak acidity and excessive hydrogen peroxide of TME, these magnetic NPs can release ferrous ions to promote Fenton reaction, leading to abundant ·OH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) for ultimately killing cancer cells. Mechanistically, these magnetic NPs activate the ROS‐related signaling pathway to generate more ROS. Meanwhile, these magnetic NPs with unique immunological properties can promote the maturation of dendritic cells and the polarization of macrophages from M2 to M1, resulting in the infiltration of more T cells to reprogram the immunoecology of TNBC from “cold” to “hot” state. Besides directly affecting immune cells, these magnetic NPs can also affect the secretion of some immune‐related cytokines by cancer cells, to further indirectly activate the immune response. In conclusion, these catalytic immune activators are designed to achieve the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy‐enhanced immunotherapy guided by computed tomography (CT)/near‐infrared region‐II (NIR‐II) dual‐mode imaging, providing a new strategy for TNBC treatment.
Thermal Management in Neuromorphic Materials, Devices, and Networks
Authors: Torres Felipe , Basaran Ali C. , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMachine learning has experienced unprecedented growth in recent years, often referred to as an “artificial intelligence revolution.” Biological systems inspire the fundamental approach for this new computing paradigm: using neural networks to classify large amounts of data into sorting categories. Current machine‐learning schemes implement simulated neurons and synapses on standard computers based on a von Neumann architecture. This approach is inefficient in energy consumption, and thermal management, motivating the search for hardware‐based systems that imitate the brain. Here, the present state of thermal management of neuromorphic computing technology and the challenges and opportunities of the energy‐efficient implementation of neuromorphic devices are considered. The main features of brain‐inspired computing and quantum materials for implementing neuromorphic devices are briefly described, the brain criticality and resistive switching‐based neuromorphic devices are discussed, the energy and electrical considerations for spiking‐based computation are presented, the fundamental features of the brain's thermal regulation are addressed, the physical mechanisms for thermal management and thermoelectric control of materials and neuromorphic devices are analyzed, and challenges and new avenues for implementing energy‐efficient computing are described.
Ratiometric Raman and Luminescent Thermometers Constructed from Dysprosium Thiocyanidometallate Molecular Magnets
Authors: Kumar Kunal , Stefanczyk Olaf , Chorazy Szymon , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecular crystals acting as temperature sensors, designed for multiple measurement techniques, can be a promising pathway for self‐calibrating thermometers. The molecular assemblies [DyxIIIY1–xIII(phen)2(μ‐OH)2(H2O)2]·[AuI(SCN)2]2·phen·0.5MeCN·0.5H2O (x = 0, 0.1, 0.02; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) which contain weakly bonded lanthanide(III) and Au(I) metal complexes are reported. They have Raman scattering in the low‐frequency (LF) region with sharp peaks, one of the prerequisites to design Raman thermometers. The Raman thermometric behaviors are characterized by three vibrational bands, and their thermal sensitivity is compared with their emission thermometric ability. The LF phonon linked with the Au···Au vibration helps increase the thermometric sensitivity of emission and Raman thermometers. Additionally, magnetically diluted complexes containing both Dy3+ and Y3+ ions are prepared to demonstrate the effect of temperature sensing capability through Raman and emission spectroscopy among isostructural mixed‐metal materials. Compounds are immersed inside various benchtop solvents to unravel the robustness and functioning of Raman thermometers. Furthermore, they reveal single‐molecule magnet properties, which disclose the effect of LF phonons on the spin relaxation process. Therefore, the reported molecular materials are Raman and luminescent thermometers, and they contain a molecular magnetic center with thiocyanidoaurate ions playing a critical role due to their emissive and Raman activities.
A Combination Therapy Using Electrical Stimulation and Adaptive, Conductive Hydrogels Loaded with Self‐Assembled Nanogels Incorporating Short Interfering RNA Promotes the Repair of Diabetic Chronic Wounds
Authors: Lei Huan , Fan Daidi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn addition to oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis, the overexpression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines, which are promoted by hyperglycemia, causes chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds. Herein, TA‐siRNA nanogels are prepared for the first time on the basis of the self‐assembling interaction between tannic acid (TA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). The efficient, biodegradable nanogels are cross‐linked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), human‐like collagen (HLC), TA, and borax to prepare adaptive, conductive PHTB (TA‐siRNA) hydrogels. In response to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the ROS‐responsive borate ester bonds in the hydrogels are oxidized and broken, and TA‐siRNA nanogels are released into cells to reduce the expression of the MMP‐9. Moreover, the TA and HLC promote collagen expression, reduce inflammation, and ROS level. It is found that electrical stimulation (ES) promotes the in vivo release of TA‐siRNA nanogels from PHTB (TA‐siRNA) hydrogels and endocytosis of the nanogels. The combination therapy using ES and PHTB (TA‐siRNA) hydrogels accelerates the healing of diabetic wounds by reducing the levels of ROS and MMP‐9 and promoting the polarization of macrophages, production of collagen, and angiogenesis. This study provides insights on the design of functional gene‐delivery and efficient therapeutic strategies to promote the repair of diabetic chronic wounds.
Liquid Metal‐Elastomer Composites with Dual‐Energy Transmission Mode for Multifunctional Miniature Untethered Magnetic Robots
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Soon Ren Hao , Wei Zihan , Hu Wenqi , Sitti Metin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMiniature untethered robots attract growing interest as they have become more functional and applicable to disruptive biomedical applications recently. Particularly, the soft ones among them exhibit unique merits of compliance, versatility, and agility. With scarce onboard space, these devices mostly harvest energy from environment or physical fields, such as magnetic and acoustic fields and patterned lights. In most cases, one device only utilizes one energy transmission mode (ETM) in powering its activities to achieve programmed tasks, such as locomotion and object manipulation. But real‐world tasks demand multifunctional devices that require more energy in various forms. This work reports a liquid metal‐elastomer composite with dual‐ETM using one magnetic field for miniature untethered multifunctional robots. The first ETM uses the low‐frequency (<100 Hz) field component to induce shape‐morphing, while the second ETM employs energy transmitted via radio‐frequency (20 kHz–300 GHz) induction to power onboard electronics and generate excess heat, enabling new capabilities. These new functions do not disturb the shape‐morphing actuated using the first ETM. The reported material enables the integration of electric and thermal functionalities into soft miniature robots, offering a wealth of inspirations for multifunctional miniature robots that leverage developments in electronics to exhibit usefulness beyond self‐locomotion.
Associations of anthropometric cardiometabolic risk factors and leg fat accumulation in children and adolescents from Poland
Authors: Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz , Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the correlation between anthropometric cardiometabolic risk factors with calf adiposity in 4–16‐year‐olds from Poland.MethodsThree thousand seventy‐six persons (1568 girls and 1508 boys) were examined. Analyzed characteristics included body height, waist, hips and neck circumferences, body weight, six skinfolds. The following were calculated: body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hips ratio (WHR), the sum of all skinfolds, and the sum of skinfolds on the waist area.ResultsThe relationship between the calf skinfold and the rest of the characteristics was estimated using multiple regression. There was a negative relationship between calf adiposity and fat tissue accumulated around the waist and the BMI (in some groups). This suggests that participants with greater calf adiposity had lower waist adiposity and BMI than those with less fat tissue on the lower limb.ConclusionPersons with higher calf adiposity may have a lower cardiometabolic risk. This observation is significant because cardiovascular risk factors can persist from childhood into adulthood. Additionally, cardiovascular issues have numerous medical consequences but also socio‐economic ones, thus they can affect individuals and be a burden on public health.
Effective Magnesium‐catalyzed Hydroboration of Nitriles and Imines
Authors: Seok Ji Eun , Kim Hyun Tae , Kim Jaeho , Lee Ji Hye , Jaladi Ashok Kumar , Hwang Hyonseok , An Duk Keun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe reduction of stable functional groups such as nitriles into amines under eco‐friendly conditions is an important conversion process in organic synthesis. The effective hydroboration of nitriles and imines with pinacolborane using ethoxymagnesium chloride was demonstrated under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. A variety of nitriles and imines were converted into the corresponding amines in excellent yields. In addition, the chemoselective hydroboration of nitriles over alkenes and alkynes was reported in good yields. Furthermore, a suitable reaction mechanism for nitrile hydroboration was proposed based on density functional theory calculations.
Challenges and Prospects in the Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde
Authors: Zhao Siqi , Liang Hong‐Qing , Hu Xin‐Ming , Li Simin , Daasbjerg Kim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFormaldehyde (HCHO) is a crucial C1 building block for daily‐life commodities in a wide range of industrial processes. Industrial production of HCHO today is based on energy‐ and cost‐intensive gas‐phase catalytic oxidation of methanol, which calls for exploring other and more sustainable ways of carrying out this process. Utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as precursor presents a promising strategy to simultaneously mitigate the carbon footprint and alleviate environmental issues. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in CO2‐to‐HCHO conversion using hydrogenation, hydroboration/hydrosilylation as well as photochemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and enzymatic approaches. The active species, reaction intermediates, and mechanistic pathways are discussed to deepen the understanding of HCHO selectivity issues. Finally, shortcomings and prospects of the various strategies for sustainable reduction of CO2 to HCHO are discussed.
Quantifying the Solution Structure of Metal Nanoclusters Using Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering
Authors: Liu Xindi , Yang Huayan , Chen Yuxiang , Yang Ye , Porcar Lionel , Radulescu Aurel , Guldin Stefan , Jin Rongchao , Stellacci Francesco , Luo Zhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal nanoclusters are a unique class of synthetic material, as their crystal structures can be resolved using X‐ray diffraction, and their chemical formula can be precisely determinated from mass spectroscopy. However, a complete structure characterization by these two techniques is often a challenging task. Here, we utilize small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) to directly quantify the key structure parameters of a series of silver and gold nanoclusters in solution. The results not only correlate well to their crystallographic structures, but also allow the quantification of the counterions layer surrounding charged nanoclusters in solution. Furthermore, when combining with X‐ray scattering, it is possible to estimate the molecular weight of both the metal core and the ligand shell of nanoclusters. This work offers an alternative characterization tool for nanoclusters without the requirement of crystallization or gas phase ionization.
Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Sulfonamides with (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides/Bromides
Authors: Li Qiaoli , Xu Lanting , Ma Dawei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDirectN‐arylation of sulfonamides is a very attractive approach for preparing pharmaceutically importantN‐(hetero)aryl sulfonamides because it avoids the potential genotoxic problem resulting from the previous condensation method. Most known catalytic methods suffer from limited reaction scope and inconveniency on metal catalyst and ligand availability. Here we described that the combination of copper and oxalamides (or 4‐hydroxypicolinamides) offers a powerful catalytic system forN‐arylation of sulfonamides. A wide range of primary and secondary sulfonamides were able to couple with a series of (hetero)aryl bromides in the presence of 2–5 mol % copper salts and oxalamides at 100 °C. Coupling of primary sulfonamides with (hetero)aryl chlorides worked well under the catalysis of Cu2O and a 4‐hydroxypicolinamide. The catalytic method enabled direct sulfonamidation of four chloro‐containing marketed drugs and preparation of two sulfonamide drugs from the corresponding aryl halides.