bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodology of photovoltaic power integration in air conditioning system – An inverter‐less approach
Authors: Das Dhiman , Mishra Sukumar , Singh Bhim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe photovoltaic (PV) power generation and cooling demand of the air conditioner are increased along with an increase in solar irradiation. Therefore, considering such fact, in this paper, PV power is integrated with the air conditioner to support the grid. With recent developments in power electronics, the air conditioning systems are operated in variable speed using variable frequency drive (VFD) technology. In this paper, taking the advantage of the VFD technology, PV power is directly injected into the DC bus of VFD using an isolated DC‐DC converter. In this methodology, due to the high‐frequency DC‐DC conversion, high power DC‐AC (50 Hz) stage is eliminated, and seamless power is transferred from PV generation to the load without interrupting the main operation of the air conditioner. Thus, the reliability of the system is enhanced with the reduction in overall cost, conversion losses and bulkiness. With the PV power support, the peak amplitude of the grid current is reduced and consequently the power consumption, reactive power intake from the grid, as well as the harmonics component of the grid current, are reduced. This scheme is used in rural or suburban areas where the solar profile is significant and air conditioner is extensively used.
Fading of pMOS dosimeters over a long period of time
Authors: Ristić Goran S. , Andjelković Marko S. , Duane Russell , Jakšić Aleksandar B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fading of radiation‐sensitive p‐channel metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (known as RADFETs or pMOS dosimeters) over a long time period of 10 years after irradiation has been investigated. Fading is, in addition to sensitivity, another characteristic of pMOS radiation dosimeters. It is considered as the recovery of threshold voltage of irradiated pMOS dosimeters during ambient annealing without gate polarization. Usually, there are the fading data for few months after irradiation only. Although fading is a very important dosimetric characteristic, here it is given for the first time in the literature in such a long period of time. Two types of pMOS dosimeters with oxide thicknesses of 400 and 1000 nm are used. They are irradiated without and with a 5 V polarization on the gate. For the first time, the authors came to a very significant result that the key role in fading has the voltage applied during irradiation, but not the thickness of the oxide, and that the pMOS dosimeters irradiated with gate voltage of 5 V have greater fading than pMOS dosimeters irradiated without a gate voltage. Fitting of threshold voltage shift and fading, performed using the radiation‐induced Eγ and Es traps, shows very good agreement with the experimental values.
Traffic speed prediction of high‐frequency time series using additively decomposed components as features
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Yusof Kamaludin Mohamad , Wilson Benjamin , Ziegelmueller Carina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraffic speed prediction is an integral part of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Advanced knowledge of average traffic speed can help take proactive preventive steps to avoid impending problems. There have been studies for traffic speed prediction in which data has been decomposed into components using various decomposition techniques such as empirical mode decomposition, wavelets, and seasonal decomposition. As far as the authors are aware, no research has used additively decomposed components as input features. In this study, we used additive decomposition on 21,843 samples of traffic speed data. We implemented two statistical techniques designed for double seasonality (i) Double Seasonal Holt‐Winter, and (ii) Trigonometric seasonality, Box‐Cox transformation, autoregressive integrated moving average errors, trend, and Seasonal components (TBATS), and five machine learning (ML) techniques, (i) Multi‐Layer Perceptron, (ii) Convolutional‐Neural Network, (iii) Long Short‐Term Memory, (iv) Gated Recurrent Unit and (v) Convolutional‐Neural Network‐LSTM. Machine learning techniques are used in univariate mode with raw time series as features and then with decomposed components as features in multivariate mode. This study demonstrates that using decomposed components (trend, seasonal, and residual), as features, improves prediction results for multivariate ML techniques. This becomes a significant advantage when no other features are available.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample
Authors: Rasekh A. , Melinder J. , Östlin G. , Hayes M. , Herenz E. C. , Runnholm A. , Kunth D. , Mas Hesse J. M. , Verhamme A. , Cannon J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Aims.We useHubbleSpace Telescope data of 45 nearby star-forming galaxies to investigate properties of Lyman-alpha (Lyα) halos, Lyαmorphology, and the star-forming characteristics of galaxies. We study how the morphology of Lyαemission is related to other Lyαobservables. Furthermore, we study the interdependencies of Lyαmorphological quantities.Methods.We studied the spatial extent of Lyαusing surface brightness profiles in the following two ways (i) using circular apertures and (ii) within faint Lyαisophotes. We also measured the average intensity and the size of the regions with a high star formation rate density. The morphology of the galaxies was quantified by computing centroid position, axis ratio, and position angle in the Lyα, ultraviolet continuum, andIband maps.Results.We found that galaxies with more extended star-forming regions possess larger Lyαhalos. Furthermore, galaxies with more elongated Lyαmorphology are also more extended in Lyα. Our data suggest that Lyαbright galaxies appear rounder in their Lyαmorphology, and there is less of a contribution from their Lyαhalo to their overall luminosity. We compared our results with studies at high redshift and found that whilst the Lyαextent in the inner regions of the galaxies in our sample are similar to the high-zLyαemitters (LAEs), Lyαhalos are more extended in high-zLAEs.Conclusions.Our analysis suggests that the Lyαmorphology affects the measurement of other observable quantities concerning Lyαemission, and some of the conclusions drawn from high redshift LAEs might be biased towards galaxies with specific Lyαshapes. In particular, faint Lyαemitters have larger Lyαscale lengths and halo fractions. This implies that faint Lyαemitters are harder to detect at high redshift than previously believed.
M-type (22) Kalliope: A tiny Mercury
Authors: Ferrais M. , Jorda L. , Vernazza P. , Carry B. , Brož M. , Rambaux N. , Hanuš J. , Dudziński G. , Bartczak P. , Vachier F. , Aristidi E. , Beck P. , Marchis F. , Marsset M. , Viikinkoski M. , Fetick R. , Drouard A. , Fusco T. , Birlan M. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Burbine T. H. , Dyar M. D. , Bendjoya P. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Berthier J. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Colas F. , Dumas C. , Ďurech J. , Fauvaud S. , Grice J. , Jehin E. , Kaasalainen M. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Le Coroller H. , Marciniak A. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Prieur J.-L. , Reddy V. , Rivet J.-P. , Santana-Ros T. , Scardia M. , Tanga P. , Vigan A. , Witasse O. , Yang B. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Asteroid (22) Kalliope is the second largest M-type asteroid in the main belt and is orbited by a satellite, Linus. Whereas the mass of Kalliope is already well constrained thanks to the presence of a moon, its volume is still poorly known, leading to uncertainties on its bulk density and internal structure.
Aims. We aim to refine the shape of (22) Kalliope and thus its diameter and bulk density, as well as the orbit of its moon to better constrain its mass, hence density and internal structure.
Methods. We acquired disk-resolved observations of (22) Kalliope using the VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument to reconstruct its three-dimensional (3D) shape using three different modeling techniques. These images were also used together with new speckle observations at the C2PU/PISCO instrument as well as archival images from other large ground-based telescopes to refine the orbit of Linus.
Results. The volume of (22) Kalliope given by the shape models, corresponding to D = 150 ± 5 km, and the mass constrained by its satellite’s orbit yield a density of ρ = 4.40 ± 0.46 g cm−3. This high density potentially makes (22) Kalliope the densest known small body in the Solar System. A macroporosity in the 10–25% range (as expected for this mass and size), implies a grain density in the 4.8–5.9 g cm−3 range. Kalliope’s high bulk density, along with its silicate-rich surface implied by its low radar albedo, implies a differentiated interior with metal contributing to most of the mass of the body.
Conclusions. Kalliope’s high metal content (40–60%) along with its metal-poor mantle makes it the smallest known Mercury-like body. A large impact at the origin of the formation of the moon Linus is likely the cause of its high metal content and density.
European solidarity and “free movement of labour” during the pandemic: exposing the contradictions amid east–west migration
Authors: Szelewa Dorota , Polakowski Michal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 regulations introduced in EU member states in 2020 meant serious restrictions for the free movement of persons, particularly workers. An ensuing gap in the supply of workers raised concerns of food shortages in the West. Governments in several EU member states enacted regulations to except the workers from restrictions facilitating their travel from Eastern Europe. In this study, we focus on EU-level responses to the COVID-19 crisis in relation to labour shortages in the food industry, and on the reactions in Germany and the UK. Firstly, referring to Schmidt (2020) and Wolff and Ladi (2020), we argue that the COVID-19 crisis placed the EU in a permanent emergency mode facilitating a quick response to enable labour mobility with less priority on the coordination of social rights. Secondly, the crisis exposed issues pertaining to working conditions, including housing and sanitation. Thirdly, differences between the reactions in Germany and the UK were consistent with the pre-existing trends in both countries. While a traditional emphasis on quality working conditions made it “appropriate” for the German government to initiate regulatory change, small-scale measures taken in the UK were directed towards maintaining an influx of migrant workers, rather than ensuring adequate working conditions.
OCTA as an independent science advice provider for COVID-19 in the Philippines
Authors: Vallejo Benjamin M. , Ong Rodrigo Angelo C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe comment on science advice in the political context of the Philippines during the COVID 19 pandemic. We focus on the independent science advisor OCTA Research, whose publicly available epidemiological forecasts have attracted media and government attention. The Philippines government adopted a COVID-19 suppression or “flattening of the curve” policy. As such, it required epidemiological forecasts from science advisors as more scientific information on SARS CoV 2 and COVID 19 became available from April to December 2020. The independent think-tank, OCTA Research has emerged the leading independent science information advisor for the public and government. The factors that made OCTA Research as the dominant science advice source are examined, the diversity of scientific evidence, processes of evidence synthesis and, of evidence brokerage for political decision makers We then describe the dynamics between the government, academic science research and science advisory actors and the problem of science advice role conflation. We then propose approaches for a largely independent government science advisory system for the Philippines given these political dynamics.
Accurate delivery of chemicals to a small target using a pressure-driven valved micropipette
Authors: Dominick Corey , Yeung Chuck , Wu X. L. 
Published: March 2022

We describe a new method for accurately and reproducibly delivering a minute amount of a chemical to a small target in an aqueous environment. Our method is based on a micropipette with a check valve at its tip that can be opened and closed on demand. We demonstrate that this device can produce a flux of 10−12 l in a short pulse lasting less than 100 ms. The finite width of the pulse is due to molecular dispersion of the chemical, in this case, fluorescein. The chemical distribution near the micropipette tip is measured and compared with the results of a numerical integration assuming stokeslet flow. Our technique is of general utility and has applications in microbiology and neuroscience when a precise control of the spatiotemporal chemical distribution around a specimen is desired.
Formation of the spatial structure of pump radiation in the focal plane of a lens for different types of stimulated light scattering
Authors: Gordeev A.A. , Efimkov V.F. , Zubarev I.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments of our earlier work on the study of stimulated thermal scattering of the second harmonic of neodymium laser radiation in toluene are reproduced in order to confirm the put forward hypothesis about the nature of the laser beam structure decay in the focal plane of a short-focus lens. Experiments were carried out under similar conditions, but with a liquid (CCl4), in which there is no two-photon absorption of the second harmonic radiation from a neodymium laser. A conclusion is made that the spatial structure decay of the laser beam of the second harmonic of the Nd : YAG laser radiation focused by short-focus lenses with a numerical aperture NA ∼ 0.1 in toluene is associated with two-photon absorption.
Broadband emission from polycrystalline graphite
Authors: Rekhviashvili S.Sh. , Gaev D.S. , Margushev Z.Ch. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Visible radiation spectra of polycrystalline graphite under electrical and laser excitation is studied. It is shown that two different mechanisms of photon emission with a broadband spectrum are implemented in this material. The radiation arising as a result of resistive heating is thermal radiation, whose parameters are close to those of blackbody radiation. The laser-induced secondary radiation in the visible range is anti-Stokes luminescence. A red shift of the laser-induced radiation from fine-grained graphite with respect to the similar spectrum of a bulk sample is observed.
Application of PT-symmetry properties to increase the limiting sensitivity of resonator optical gyroscopes
Authors: Shalymov E.V. , Akhmadiev T.M. , Davydov V.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We propose and describe the use of a system with PT-symmetry properties in resonator optical gyroscopes. It is shown that this makes it possible to increase the limiting sensitivity and does not introduce disadvantages typical of PT-symmetric laser gyroscopes. In the example considered in the paper, the inclusion of a system with PT-symmetry properties in the composition of a resonator optical gyroscope allows one to increase the limiting sensitivity by a factor of 750.
The Autler – Townes effect, the Rabi frequency, and determination of characteristics of the decay of excited states in the photoionisation scheme of lutetium
Authors: D’yachkov A.B. , Gorkunov A.A. , Labozin A.V. , Mironov S.M. , Firsov V.A. , Tsvetkov G.O. , Panchenko V.Ya. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The splitting of the first and second transitions in the lutetium photoionisation scheme

is studied in a wide range of laser radiation intensities, and the Rabi frequencies as functions of the radiation intensity are determined. Based on the results, we have obtained the decay branching coefficients of 0.54 and 0.41 for the first and second transitions, respectively.
CSF-1 maintains pathogenic but not homeostatic myeloid cells in the central nervous system during autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Hwang Daniel , Seyedsadr Maryam S. , Ishikawa Larissa Lumi Watanabe , Boehm Alexandra , Sahin Ziver , Casella Giacomo , Jang Soohwa , Gonzalez Michael V. , Garifallou James P. , Hakonarson Hakon , Zhang Weifeng , Xiao Dan , Rostami Abdolmohamad , Zhang Guang-Xian , Ciric Bogoljub 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are autoimmune diseases characterized by accumulation of myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Both harmful and beneficial myeloid cells are present in EAE/MS, and a goal of MS therapy is to preferentially remove harmful myeloid cells. The receptor for CSF-1 (CSF-1R) is found on myeloid cells and is important for their survival. CSF-1R can bind two ligands, CSF-1 and IL-34, but it is not known whether their functions in EAE/MS differ. We found that blocking CSF-1 depleted only harmful myeloid cells in the CNS and suppressed EAE, whereas blocking IL-34 had no effect. Thus, we propose that blocking CSF-1 could be a therapy for MS.
Bioinspired drag reduction surfaces via triple lithography method based on three-layer hybrid masks
Authors: Zhou Zidan , Yan Zexiang , Zhang Kun , Zhou Wenyuan , Ou Zhaoyang , Lv Xianglian , He Yang , Yuan Weizheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Drag reduction is a significant challenge for many industries, such as ships, pipelines, aircraft, energy, and transportation. Multilayer hierarchical microstructures can inhibit the development of vortices near the wall, which is beneficial to drag reduction. However, existing methods have difficulty performing the controlled fabrication of complex multilayer hierarchical microstructure arrays. Here, a novel triple lithography method based on three-layer hybrid masks is proposed for the controlled fabrication of three-dimensional multilayer hierarchical microstructure surfaces. The capability of the proposed process is verified by the multilayer hierarchical microstructures. In the fabrication process, a special lithography sequence is designed based on the hybrid mask materials. The drag reduction ability of the multilayer hierarchical microstructures is investigated in a closed air channel measurement system. The experimental results demonstrate that the fabricated multilayer hierarchical microstructures exhibit significant drag reduction ability under certain conditions. Conceptual models based on the fluid-solid coupling interface interaction are proposed to explain the drag reduction mechanism of multilayer hierarchical microstructures. The proposed fabrication method provides a powerful means for practical engineering applications of various bioinspired functional surfaces, such as drag reduction, anti-icing, antifouling, self-cleaning, and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Etch the borosilicate glass to form a straight through-glass-via based on the FLACE technology
Authors: Xu Qianfeng , Fang Dan , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Yu , Wang Xiaohua , Cai Yong , Zhang Baoshun , Wei Zhipeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Interposers will become in demand for advanced electronic systems and through the substrate, vias are essential for 3D integration. A straight via is necessary because a tapered hole is accompanied by large signal loss. This article reports a straight through-glass-via (TGV) fabricated by femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching (FLACE). The femtosecond laser was used to modify the glass substrates, and the modified glass samples were etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution to form TGV. The effects of key processing parameters, including laser pulse energy, the number of burst pulses, and the HF solution concentration, on the TGV taper profile, were systematically investigated. It was found that The TGV taper sidewall angle decreases with increasing laser pulse energy and increases with increasing HF solution concentration. The number of bursts should be optimized because more than 10 bursts would prevent TGV formation. The study shows via etched in 3 wt% HF after irradiation with 3 bursts of 60 μJ can become approximately vertical. Among the three processing parameters, HF concentration was found to be the most crucial parameter. This work can serve as a critical reference for applications of TGV in high-performance 3D integrated circuits.
A novel pattern reconfigurable dual beam Vivaldi antenna with water-based absorbers
Authors: Cheng Houyuan , Yang Helin , Wu Jiong , Li Yujun , Hua Lina , Yang Yuejie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel orthogonal dual-beam Vivaldi antenna loaded with metamaterial lenses (MLs) is designed as the original antenna. Then, we designed two simple water-based absorbers (WBAs) containers using 3D printing technology, which can be mounted on the ML. WBA filled with water can absorb electromagnetic waves radiated from antenna aperture, while empty WBA does not affect antenna radiation. The antenna radiation pattern can be reconstructed by selectively injecting water into WBAs. The proposed antenna can realize three radiation states in the operating frequency band, including radiation along the X direction and Y direction at the same time (state 1), radiation along X direction (state 2), and radiation along the Y direction (state 3). The proposed antenna has an operating frequency range from 3 GHz to 6 GHz, which realizes the coverage of the 5G sub-6 GHz main frequency band. Finally, the measured results of the antenna are consistent with the simulated. The work in this paper has potential application value in the 5G communication system and point-to-point communication system.
Pressure-induced transitions in RCo5 (R
= Y, La) studied by x-ray emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and density functional theory
Authors: Yamaoka Hitoshi , Schwier Eike F , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Kawai Takuma , Tsujii Naohito , Hirao Naohisa , Hiraoka Nozomu , Ishii Hirofumi , Mizuki Jun’ichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The hydrostatic pressure dependent evolution of the electronic and magnetic structure of LaCo5 and YCo5 was investigated by means of x-ray emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Using experimental lattice parameters the DFT correctly predicts the pressure of the magnetic transition in both compounds to be 26 GPa (La) and 22–23 GPa (Y). The transition was experimentally resolved in the changes of the electronic structure via the integrated absolute difference of the Co Kβ emission spectra. Comparison of theory and experiment confirm for the first time a common feature in both LaCo5 and YCo5 to be the source of the transition; the Fermi-level crossing of an up-spin polarized flat band driving the systems into a low spin configuration via a Lifshitz type transition of the Fermi surface. Another phase transition observed around 12 GPa in LaCo5 was clarified to be caused by the change in the down-spin density of states at the Fermi level.