bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic development of AT‐rich heterochromatin has followed diversification and genome expansion of psammophilous Mycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini: Attina)
Authors: Cardoso Danon Clemes , Moura Mariana Neves , Cristiano Maykon Passos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHeterochromatin is an important genome constituent comprised by a high density of repetitive DNA sequences that mediate chromosome structure and function. The species Mycetophylax morschi currently harbours three cytotypes: 2n = 26, 2n = 28 and 2n = 30 chromosomes. However, Mycetophylax conformis and Mycetophylax simplex harbour 2n = 30 and 2n = 36 chromosomes, respectively. None of the cytotypes of M. morschi showed any AT‐positive blocks, whereas the karyotypes of M. conformis and M. simplex revealed AT‐rich blocks around the pericentromeric region and on the short arm of several chromosomes. This AT‐rich pattern is coincident with the known heterochromatin distribution of psammophilous Mycetophylax, confirming that heterochromatin is AT‐rich, in line with the genome size and AT%. Our results demonstrated that genome size among psammophilous Mycetophylax is correlated with the proportion of base pairs, biased to adenine and thymine. Thus, genome size and the proportion of adenine and thymine in the species studied here suggest that the genome changes in psammophilous Mycetophylax are related to the expansion of repetitive DNA in AT‐rich heterochromatin. Considering the phylogenetic relationship of psammophilous Mycetophylax, the dynamic development of AT‐rich heterochromatin and karyotype repatterning encompasses the diversification of such ants.
Pfizer/BioNtech BNT162b2: adverse events and insights from an Australian mass vaccination clinic for COVID‐19
Authors: Halder Aditi , Imamura Hanaho , Condon Stewart , Boroughs Kelly , Nilsson Sven C. , Anderson Teresa , Caterson Ian D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Pfizer/BioNtech BNT162b2 is a major vaccine used in the Australian COVID‐19 immunisation programme. We report on BNT162b2 safety in the observation period in a dedicated vaccination clinic linked to a quaternary teaching hospital. We performed a retrospective review of medical records for 57 842 vaccinations, and describe the model of care and adverse event rate at the clinic during its first 2 months of operation. A total of 243 adverse events following immunisation (0.42% of total vaccine doses) were recorded in the immediate observation period post‐vaccination, which were predominantly immunisation stress‐related responses. Of the 110 patients who experienced an adverse event with their first dose of the vaccine, 90% returned for their second dose of the vaccine, with 87% not reporting any further adverse reaction with the subsequent dose. Nineteen (0.03% of total doses) people were reviewed for an allergic reaction, of which 10 (53%) reported a history of prior allergies. A female predominance was present in both total adverse reactions (70%) and allergic vaccine reactions (79%). Only two patients experienced anaphylaxis (0.003% of total doses), in keeping with low rates of adverse reactions to the BNT162b2 vaccine in the current literature. Overall, the present study reinforces the safety of BNT162b2 in the Australian population, describes vaccination completion rates after adverse events and identifies predisposing factors for rare allergic reactions to the vaccine.
Back to the future: lethal respiratory pandemics in New Guinea
Authors: Shanks G. Dennis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLethal respiratory epidemics have torn through Papua New Guinea (PNG) since records began in the 19th century. Such historical epidemics were likely caused by influenza but often exacerbated by secondary bacterial pneumonias. Although PNG largely escaped the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic, major lethal waves were recorded in 1921, 1925, 1931 and 1964. As recently as 1969, thousands died in the PNG highlands from H3N2 influenza and subsequent pneumococcal pneumonias. This pre‐independence crisis was met by a major deployment of the Australian Defence Force personnel and aircraft. Currently, vaccination efforts aided by the Australian Government are trying to cope with the COVID‐19 crisis.
Multi–stage process for chemotherapy scheduling and effective capacity determination
Authors: Cataldo Alejandro , Sufan Sebastián , Lorca Álvaro , Andresen Max , Sánchez César , Sauré Antoine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel solution approach is developed for the scheduling of chemotherapy sessions at cancer treatment centers. The problem is divided into two subproblems determining the day (interday scheduling) and the time slots (intraday scheduling), respectively. The interday subproblem is solved by a model that allows for effective treatment center capacity choices while the intraday subproblem is addressed using two optimization models. New patient arrivals and treatment protocols specifying the latest starting date and session spacing are sources of uncertainty. Unlike other existing approaches, the proposed method incorporates the concept of effective treatment capacity which facilitates the interaction between the interday and intraday subproblems allowing them to be solved sequentially and iteratively to thus achieve much more resource‐efficient solutions. A case study using real data from a Chilean cancer center to conduct comparative simulations of its manual scheduling methods and the proposed methodology found that the latter almost always performed better, often significantly so, on makespan, resource utilization, overtime, and patient diversion metrics.
Advances in novel SDC@Al2O3 core−shell electrolyte for low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Xiang Yuhao , Zheng Dan , Zhou Xiaomi , Cai Hongdong , Wang Kai , Xia Chen , Wang Xunying , Dong Wenjing , Wang Hao , Wang Baoyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe preparation of electrolyte with excellent ionic conduction is an important development direction in the practical application of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Traditional methods to improve ion conduction was structure doping to develop electrolyte materials. In this work, the ionic conductor Ce0.8Sm0.2O2‐δ (SDC) was modified by insulator Al2O3 to enhance ion conduction and apply as electrolytes for the SOFC. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization clearly clarified that a thin Al2O3 layer in the amorphous state coated on SDC to form the SDC@Al2O3 core−shell structure. The SDC@Al2O3 electrolyte with the core−shell structure possesses a super ionic conductivity of 0.096 S cm−1 and results in advanced cell performance of 1190 mW cm−2 at 550°C. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the SDC@Al2O3 core–shell structure significantly improved in comparison with pure SDC, the newly produced oxygen vacancies can promote the oxygen ion transport. Moreover, the interface between SDC and Al2O3 provides a fast channel for the proton transport. In addition, the SDC‐based SOFC was usually suffered from the reduction of the SDC electrolyte and the accompanying generated electron conduction should deteriorate the cell performance, this is the main challenge for the SDC electrolyte application. In our case, the Al2O3 shell on the SDC surface not only can avoid the contact between SDC and hydrogen to eliminate the reduction of SDC but also can restrain electron conduction due to the electron insulation characteristic of the Al2O3 shell. This work demonstrates an efficient approach to develop the advanced low‐temperature SOFC technology from material fundamentals.
Photoluminescence and conductive properties of CaEuNbMoO8 solid‐solution ceramics
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhang Bo , Zhao Qing , Liu Yafei , Wu Ruifeng , Zhang Su , Li Yanqing , Chang Aimin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolid‐solution ceramics show a potential in the field of electronic devices. In particular, it is necessary to investigate the photoluminescence and conductive properties of CaEuNbMoO8 (CENMO) solid solution ceramics. It is demonstrated that the sintered ceramics appear as CaMoO4 phase with scheelite structure. The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the abnormal reduction of Eu3+→Eu2+ occurs in the ceramics, which is due to the formation of vacancy caused by the substitution of Ca2+ by Eu3+, making it act as electron donors. The change of local symmetry of Eu3+ ions in ceramics results in a strong red fluorescence, and the charge transition between Eu, Nb, and Mo ions and O ions in the host lattice results in the near‐ultraviolet (near‐UV) excitation. As a result, CaEuNbMoO8 ceramic materials have promising applications in both near‐ultraviolet excited light‐emitting diodes and thermistors.
Repeated insulin injection without site rotation affects skin thickness – ultrasonographic and histological evaluation
Authors: Murao Satoshi , Murao Kazutoshi , Nagata Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Misato , Miyai Yumi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe influence of repeated insulin injection on subcutaneous tissue is known, but its impact on the skin is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of repeated insulin injections on the skin.Material and MethodsThe properties of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue were evaluated in 52 insulin‐treated adult patients with diabetes with abnormal findings at the site of self‐injection (36 with subcutaneous nodules, 16 with suspected subcutaneous tissue induration) by ultrasonography. In all subjects, both normal and abnormal areas were examined. In addition, skin biopsies were performed in four subjects.ResultsThe skin thickness of the normal and abnormal skin sites was 1.95 (1.60, 2.50) and 2.80 (2.27, 3.30) mm, respectively (median (first quartile, third quartile)), (P < 0.001). The biopsy specimens revealed slightly thickened and tight bundles of collagen in the dermis. Three patients had amyloid deposits in the subcutaneous tissue, and one also showed these in the dermis. These were positively stained for insulin antibody.ConclusionsRepeated insulin injection procedures result in skin thickening. Increased collagen fibers and possibly amyloid deposition in the dermis may be involved. The results reaffirmed the importance of appropriate site rotation in insulin injection and revealed the usefulness of ultrasonographic skin examination in evaluating the self‐injection procedure.
On the paradox of mediocracy
Authors: Fu Qiang , Li Ming , Qiao Xue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a two‐agent hierarchical organization with a leader and a specialist in a reputation‐signaling model. The specialist proposes an innovative but risky project to the leader, and decides whether to exert an effort to improve the value of the project, which benefits the organization. The leader decides whether to endorse the project or block it. The leader's competence is her private information, and the market updates its belief about the leader's type based on observation of her action (endorsing the project or blocking it) and its outcome. In equilibrium, the leader could behave excessively conservatively when she is subject to reputation concerns. We have two main findings. First, aside from its usual distortionary effects, the leader's reputation concern has a beneficial effect by inducing the specialist to supply productive effort and improves the organization's performance. Second, there exists a nonmonotonic relationship between the perceived competence of the leader and the performance of the organization. As a result, a paradox of mediocracy emerges: The organization may benefit from a seemingly mediocre leader, as a mediocre leader motivates the specialist to exert effort, which offsets the efficiency loss due to incorrect decisions.
Effect of fluctuating temperatures on development, reproduction and energy of oriental armyworm populations, Mythimna separata
Authors: Lv Weixiang , Xie Xingcheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMythimna separata (Walker) is a destructive grain crop pest in China and other Asian countries. However, the effects of fluctuating environmental conditions on M. separata populations remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how fluctuating temperatures affect the development, reproduction, flight capacity and energy reserves of both migrant and resident populations of M. separata. Our experiments demonstrated that fluctuating temperatures (20–30°C) significantly accelerated development but inhibited adult reproduction and reduced triglyceride reserves in both migrant and resident populations compared with a constant temperature of 25°C, because the larval period, pupal period, lifetime fecundity, mating frequency, ovarian development and triglyceride content significantly decreased, while the preoviposition period obviously increased. A relative decreased tendency of flight capacity was observed for migrants and residents under fluctuating temperatures. We also confirmed that populations and sexes differed in their responses to temperature variations. Mythimna separata residents showed slower development, weaker flight capacity and lower triglyceride content but greater reproductive performance than the migrants under both fluctuating and constant temperatures. Furthermore, female migrants had greater flight potential and triglyceride levels than those of males at both constant temperature and fluctuating temperatures. These findings expand our knowledge of the relationships between fluctuating temperatures and armyworm development, reproduction, energy reserves and adaptive strategies in a complex ambient environment.
Psychoactive medication therapy and delirium screening in skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Briesacher Becky A. , Olivieri‐Mui Brianne L. , Koethe Benjamin , Saczynski Jane S. , Fick Donna Marie , Devlin John W. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA positive delirium screen at skilled‐nursing facility (SNF) admission can trigger a simultaneous diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease or related dementia (AD/ADRD) and lead to psychoactive medication treatment despite a lack of evidence supporting use.MethodsThis was a nationwide historical cohort study of 849,086 Medicare enrollees from 2011–2013 who were admitted to the SNF from a hospital without a history of dementia. Delirium was determined through positive Confusion Assessment Method screen and incident AD/ADRD through active diagnosis or claims. Cox proportional hazard models predicted the risk of receiving one of three psychoactive medications (i.e., antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antiepileptics) within 7 days of SNF admission and within the entire SNF stay.ResultsOf 849,086 newly‐admitted SNF patients (62.6% female, mean age 78), 6.1% had delirium (of which 35.4% received an incident diagnosis of AD/ADRD); 12.6% received antipsychotics, 30.4% benzodiazepines, and 5.8% antiepileptics. Within 7 days of admission, patients with delirium and incident dementia were more likely to receive an antipsychotic (relative risk [RR] 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.99 to 3.20), or a benzodiazepine (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.27) than patients without either condition. By the end of the SNF stay, patients with both delirium and incident dementia were more likely to receive an antipsychotic (RR 3.04; 95% CI 2.95 to 3.14) and benzodiazepine (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.36) than patients without either condition.ConclusionIn this historical cohort, a positive delirium screen was associated with a higher risk of receiving psychoactive medication within 7 days of SNF admission, particularly in patients with an incident AD/ADRD diagnosis. Future research should examine strategies to reduce inappropriate psychoactive medication prescribing in older adults admitted with delirium to SNFs.
MicroProteins: Dynamic and accurate regulation of protein activity
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Zhong Shangwei , Shi Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProteins usually assemble oligomers or high‐order complexes to increase their efficiency and specificity in biological processes. The dynamic equilibrium of complex formation and disruption imposes reversible regulation of protein function. MicroProteins are small, single‐domain proteins that directly bind target protein complexes and disrupt their assembly. Growing evidence shows that microProteins are efficient regulators of protein activity at the post‐translational level. In the last few decades, thousands of plant microProteins have been predicted by computational approaches, but only a few have been experimentally validated. Recent studies highlighted the mechanistic working modes of newly‐identified microProteins in Arabidopsis and other plant species. Here, we review characterized microProteins, including their biological roles, regulatory targets, and modes of action. In particular, we focus on microProtein‐directed allosteric modulation of key components in light signaling pathways, and we summarize the biogenesis and evolutionary trajectory of known microProteins in plants. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of microProteins is an important step towards potential utilization of microProteins as versatile biotechnological tools in crop bioengineering.
Co‐residence beliefs 1973–2018: Older adults feel differently than younger adults
Authors: Patterson Sarah E. , Reyes Adriana M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis brief study examines support for co‐residence (i.e., aging parents living with their adult children), and how age predicts support for this belief considering the rapidly aging US population.BackgroundCo‐residence, a form of intergenerational transfer between family members, can help facilitate care for aging parents as well as help older adults age in the community. Support for this type of co‐residence was on the rise in the 1970s and 1980s.MethodSupport for co‐residence of older adults living with their adult children is estimated using 36,843 responses from the U.S. General Social Survey from 1973 to 2018. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression, and decomposition analyzes are used to test explanatory factors in trends, focusing on differences for older (age 65 and older) versus younger (under 65) respondents.ResultsOlder adults are less supportive than younger adults of co‐residence even as support has generally increased across time. Decomposition results show that a little over half of the difference between younger and older adults is explained by cohort replacement, with two‐fifths of the difference unexplained by social or demographic factors.ConclusionFindings suggest that although cohort replacement has contributed to an attitude shift over time, important age differences in attitudes remain. Older adults are less supportive of co‐residence than younger adults.
Multicomponent drug Neurexan mitigates acute stress‐induced insomnia in rats
Authors: Davis Christopher J. , Schmidt Michelle A. , Hemmer Kathrin , Krömmelbein Natascha , Seilheimer Bernd 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether the multicomponent drug Neurexan could mitigate acute insomnia after exposure to a psychosocial stressor. We administered Neurexan orally to rats and examined stress‐induced insomnia using the male rat dirty cage exchange method. The neurocircuitry and electrophysiological correlates of the model are characterised, and it represents various human insomnia conditions. Male rats were randomly assigned in a crossover design to six treatment groups and electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes attached. Three groups were exposed to a cage inhabited by another male rat for a week and the other three groups received a clean cage. Prior to cage change, rats were given either no drug, vehicle control or Neurexan. Non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, REM sleep, and waking were assessed manually via EEG recordings. Group means were compared for sleep latency and for the 2 h after cage change for: time in each state, state‐specific episode duration/frequency, in addition to NREM delta, gamma and REM theta EEG spectral power. Rats administered Neurexan fell asleep faster than vehicle‐treated rats and spent less time awake with shorter, albeit more waking episodes and increased NREM episodes after dirty cage exposure. Neurexan‐treated rats given dirty cages were not statistically different on any outcomes from Neurexan‐treated rats given clean cages, thereby mitigating the stressor. In the EEG power spectra analysed, changes between treatment groups were not detected. This research confirms that Neurexan treatment has somnogenic effects and ameliorates psychological stressor‐induced acute insomnia.
Racing‐associated fatalities in Norwegian and Swedish harness racehorses: Incidence rates, risk factors, and principalpostmortemfindings
Authors: Hellings Ingunn Risnes , Skjerve Eystein , Karlstam Erika , Valheim Mette , Ihler Carl Fredrik , Fintl Constanze 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are no reports on the number of fatalities or causes of death in the Norwegian and Swedish harness racehorses.ObjectivesThe incidence rates (IRs), risk factors, andpostmortemfindings in horses that died or were euthanized associated with racing between 2014 and 2019 were investigated.AnimalsThirty‐eight Standardbreds and 10Norwegian‐SwedishColdblooded Trotters died or were euthanized associated with racing. A total of 816 085 race‐starts were recorded.MethodsIncidence rates were calculated for both countries and horse breeds. Risk factors for sudden death were identified using a case‐control logistic model.Postmortemexaminations were performed in 43 horses.ResultsThe overall fatality IR was 0.059/1000 race‐starts. Traumatic injuries accounted for 14.5%, while sudden death for 85.5% of fatalities. Only minor differences between countries and breeds were recorded. The number of starts within the last 30 days increased the risk of sudden death (5 starts odds ratio (OR) 228.80, confidence interval (CI) 10.9‐4793). An opposite non‐linear effect was observed in number of starts the last 180 days (>10 starts OR 0.12, CI 0.02‐0.68). Seven horses were euthanized because of catastrophic injury. Acute circulatory collapse because of suspected cardiac or pulmonary failure or both was recorded in 30 horses, while major hemorrhage after vessel rupture was the primary cause of death in 10 cases. One horse collapsed and died but was not submitted for autopsy.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceComparatively low rates of catastrophic orthopedic fatalities were reported, while causes and IR of sudden death were similar to previous studies.
Geographical indications and sustainable development of handicraft communities in developing countries
Authors: Shafi Mohsin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the potential benefits of geographical indications (GIs) for the sustainable development of handicraft communities in developing countries. The current research also explored the challenges faced by developing countries regarding GI legislation and suggested relevant policies to address the identified problems for the sustainable development of the handicraft communities. This study is exploratory and based on a thorough review of relevant theoretical and empirical literature, including policy documents. Secondary data regarding Handicraft GIs worldwide were utilized to provide empirical evidence of GI legislation's importance for developing countries. This study argues that protected GIs potential benefits include not only social and economic but also cultural and environmental, which previous studies have not explored deeply. Arguably, in the case of handicrafts, besides economic benefits (such as value addition, price premium, quality assurance, increase in sales, and profit), GIs also help in the development of local communities through generating employment opportunities, improving living condition, poverty alleviation, and social cohesion (social benefits). GIs also play a crucial role in promoting, elevating, reinforcing, and preserving cultural traditions (cultural benefit). Finally, GIs also help in biodiversity and sustainable use of raw materials (environmental benefit). This study also underlined key challenges regarding GI legislation in developing countries.