bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferential power in identifying frequency‐dependent social learning strengthened by increasing behavioural options
Authors: Barrett Brendan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo‐option choice experimental designs are the most commonly employed framework for identifying evidence of social learning or social learning strategies in captive and wild populations. In nature, however, animals often choose from more than two behaviours, and multiple innovations may arise simultaneously. Studies of animal social learning are often constrained by small sample sizes, which limit researchers' ability to convincingly identify the proposed social learning strategy responsible for behavioural choice.In this study, I examine whether expanding behavioural options fromk = 2 tok > 2 and increasing sample size affects inferential power in identifying social learning strategies. I focus on three frequency‐dependent learning strategies: conformist transmission, unbiased transmission and anti‐conformist transmission.I simulate 100 datasets for 72 parameter combinations, yielding 7200 simulations. I evaluate number of options (k = 2, 3, 4, 5), population size (n = 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250) and the logarithmic strength of frequency dependence (log(f) = log(1∕3),log(1),log(3)). I then fit a Bayesian social learning model to simulated data to evaluate the percent of the posterior consistent with type of frequency dependence, posterior standard deviations, highest posterior density intervals and posterior medians relative to the true simulated value oflog(f).I show that increasing the number of options an animal can choose from increases the accuracy and certainty of identifying the type and magnitude of frequency‐dependent social learning. These effects are particularly pronounced at small to intermediate sample sizes, which are common in empirical studies of animal social learning.These findings suggest that knowing what an animal did not choose is equally important as knowing what an animal did choose when identifying social learning strategies. By strategically increasing the number of behaviours from which an animal can choose, researchers can increase inferential power in identifying social learning strategies without increasing sample size, that is, adding additional animals or collecting more data.
Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity peaks do not coincide along a compositional gradient in forest‐grassland mosaics
Authors: Erdős László , Ho Khanh Vu , Bátori Zoltán , Kröel‐Dulay György , Ónodi Gábor , Tölgyesi Csaba , Török Péter , Lengyel Attila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Ecosystems with forest and grassland patches as alternative stable states usually contain various closed, semi‐open and open habitats, which may be aligned along a vegetation cover gradient. Taxonomic diversity usually peaks near the middle of the gradient, but our knowledge on functional and phylogenetic diversity trends along gradients is more limited.

We investigated the eight main habitats of Hungarian forest‐grassland mosaics, representing various vegetation cover values, and compared their species composition as well as their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity.

We found a compositional gradient ranging from large forest patches through smaller‐sized forest patches and edges to closed and open grasslands. Species richness peaked at the middle of the gradient (at edges). Shannon diversity was high near the middle and at the open end of the gradient. Functional diversity was high throughout woody habitats (in forests and at edges) and was significantly lower in grasslands. When considering all species, phylogenetic diversity tended to peak at north‐facing forest edges. When excluding non‐angiosperms, this peak disappeared.

The high taxonomic diversity at the middle of the gradient is in line with the edge‐effect theory. Our results suggest that community assembly in grasslands may be dominated by environmental filtering, while competition may be decisive in woody habitats. The low phylogenetic diversity of grassland habitats can be explained by their young evolutionary age compared to forests.

Synthesis. Functional and phylogenetic diversity do not necessarily coincide with taxonomic diversity along vegetation cover gradients. In ecosystems where forest and grassland patches represent alternative stable states, the trends of taxonomic diversity may be similar to those revealed here, but functional diversity patterns may be more system‐specific for some traits. Trends in phylogenetic diversity may vary according to the evolutionary age of the habitats.
Trends of clandestine laboratories manufacturing methamphetamine in New Zealand between 2009–2021: Evolution, enforcement, legislative, and COVID‐19 effects
Authors: Bogun Ben , McKinnel Megan , Russell Matthew , Watson Janine , Mayo Erina , Marr Brooke , Larsen Annie , Craig Jessica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe most common method of domestic methamphetamine manufacture encountered in New Zealand is the hydrogen iodide (HI) reduction of pseudoephedrine/ephedrine. While the overall method used to manufacture methamphetamine has remained consistent, the processes and chemicals utilized have evolved. Understanding the reason for any changes to methamphetamine manufacturing trends can assist jurisdictions with predicting the potential effects of enforcement and legislative initiatives. This paper presents data and trends amassed from suspected clandestine laboratories, associated with the manufacture of methamphetamine, in New Zealand between 2009 and 2021, along with data on methamphetamine, pseudoephedrine, and ephedrine seizures at the border. The data have shown that clandestine manufacturers in New Zealand have evolved the methamphetamine manufacturing process over the years. These changes in trends can largely be attributed to various enforcement and legislative effects and the COVID‐19 pandemic response. Effects that enforcement, legislation, and the COVID‐19 pandemic response may have had on the precursors, chemicals and equipment encountered are discussed.
Successful treatment of rapid progressive interstitial lung disease in a case of anti‐Zo antibody positive anti‐synthetase syndrome
Authors: Li Yongxia , Liu Gang , Yu Fengjiao , Jiang Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐synthetase syndrome (ASS) is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by detectable anti‐aminoacyl‐transfer‐RNA antibodies. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in anti‐synthetase syndrome patients is often severe and rapidly progressive. Anti‐Zo (phenylalanyl) antibody is reported rarely in ASS. Therefore, the appropriate treatment of anti‐Zo positive ASS is unclear.Case presentationHere we present a case of anti‐Zo‐positive ASS with rapid progressive ILD (RP‐ILD) in a Chinese patient successfully treated with a combination of systemic corticosteroids and tacrolimus.ConclusionWe reviewed 13 anti‐Zo‐positive ASS patients (including our case) and summarized clinical features that have some differences with other ASS. Anti‐Zo‐positive ASS is a rare autoimmune disease with a high burden of ILD, is often severe and rapidly progressive. Corticosteroids with tacrolimus may improve patient outcomes in anti‐Zo antibody positive ASS with RP‐ILD.
A prospective pilot study of a gluten‐free diet for primary sclerosing cholangitis and associated colitis
Authors: Liwinski Timur , Hübener Sina , Henze Lara , Hübener Peter , Heinemann Melina , Tetzlaff Marcus , Hiller Marie I. , Jagemann Bettina , Surabattula Rambabu , Leeming Diana , Karsdal Morten , Monguzzi Erika , Schachschal Guido , Rösch Thomas , Bang Corinna , Franke Andre , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schuppan Detlef , Schramm Christoph 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive bile duct disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (PSC‐IBD).AimTo investigate whether patients with PSC‐IBD benefit from a gluten‐free and amylase trypsin inhibitor (ATI)‐free diet (GFD).MethodsWe performed a prospective clinical pilot study administering an eight‐week GFD. The primary outcomes were colonic inflammation assessed by proctosigmoidoscopy, and liver stiffness (surrogate for fibrosis, inflammation and cholestasis) measured by transient elastography before and after GFD. Amongst the secondary (exploratory) outcomes were colonic mucosal and serum cytokine/chemokine changes, the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome dynamics, and shifts in serum markers of hepatic fibrogenesis.ResultsFifteen patients with PSC‐IBD completed the study. The study did not meet its primary outcome: the endoscopic score and liver stiffness remained unchanged. However, the expression of pro‐inflammatory mucosal cytokines and chemokines such as IL6, IL8, CCL2, and TNFα was significantly down‐regulated. Two critical markers of liver fibrosis and matrix remodelling, thrombospondin‐2 and ‐4, decreased significantly. The microbiota composition changed slightly, including a decrease in the pathogen Romboutsia ilealis. The intestinal transcriptome indicated a gut barrier improvement. Pruritus, fatigue, overall well‐being, faecal calprotectin levels, and serum alkaline phosphatase did not change significantly.ConclusionsThis study did not demonstrate a clinical improvement with short‐term GFD in patients with PSC‐IBD. However, a gluten/ATI‐free diet may improve biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and barrier function in these patients with associated changes in the enteric microbiota. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of the GFD in PSC‐IBD is warranted.
Anti‐immigration policies of the trump administration: A review of Latinx mental health and resilience in the face of structural violence
Authors: Rabin Julia , Stough Cathleen , Dutt Anjali , Jacquez Farrah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoor mental health outcomes are a growing concern among Latinx children and adults in the U.S. While existing research has documented risk factors to these mental health disparities, such as barriers to healthcare access and fear of deportation, less is known about the impacts of Former President Trump's anti‐immigrant rhetoric and federal efforts to curb migration on Latinx mental health. Thus, the purpose of this review was two‐fold: (1) to review the empirical literature for any quantitative or qualitative findings discussing the relationship between federal immigration policies passed under the Trump administration and mental health outcomes of the Latinx community and (2) to understand the range of resilience factors that may have facilitated Latinx youth and adults to overcome these sociopolitical changes. Utilizing a modified version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, we conducted a narrative review of 21 empirical articles. The review characterizes literature across the fields of psychology, counseling, social justice, and law in terms of population of interest, relevant immigration policy, key mental health findings, and culturally sensitive contributions to either the Minority Stress Model or Social Ecological Resilience. Based on our findings, we argue that immigration enforcement served as a unique stressor to Latinx wellbeing and particularly increased rates of negative emotional experiences and internalizing symptoms. However, culturally rooted resilience factors, such as Luchando Adelante (e.g., striving forward despite uncertainty), helped bolster against relevant adversity. We conclude with an argument for the importance of immigration policy reform for improved mental health outcomes in the Latinx community.
Accelerated sediment delivery to continental margins during post‐orogenic rebound of mountain ranges
Authors: Bernard Thomas , Sinclair Hugh D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChanges in sediment flux to continental margins are commonly interpreted in terms of tectonic growth of topography or climatic change. Here, we show that variations in sediment yield from orogenic systems, previously considered as resulting from climate change, drainage reorganisation or mantle processes can be explained by intrinsic mechanisms of mountain belt/foreland basin systems naturally evolving during post‐orogenic decay. Numerical modelling indicates an increase of sediment flux leaving the orogenic system synchronous with the cessation of deposition in the foreland basin and the transition from late syn‐ to post‐orogenesis. Experiments highlight the importance of lithospheric flexure that causes the post‐orogenic isostatic rebound of the foreland basin. Erosion of the rebounding foreland basin combined with continued sediment flux from the thrust wedge drives an acceleration in sediment outflux towards continental margins. Sediment budget records in natural settings such as the Northern Pyrenees or Western European Alps also indicate accelerated post‐orogenic sediment delivery to the Bay of Biscay and Rhône Delta respectively. These intrinsic processes that determine sediment yield to continental margins must be accounted for prior to consideration of additional external tectonic or climatic controls.
Genetic inference of orchid population dynamics on different‐aged lava flows in Costa Rica
Authors: Trapnell Dorset W. , Hamrick James L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractColonization is a fundamental ecological process that is important for the persistence of species, particularly when a changing environment necessitates range shifts. Vacant habitats available for colonization often arise from landscape disturbance. Colonization and population expansion processes can be inferred by examining the levels and spatial distribution of genetic variation of plant populations with known disturbance histories. Samples (N = 690) of the terrestrial orchid, Epidendrum radicans, were collected from five lava flow sites on the slopes of Volcán Arenal in Costa Rica that last experienced major eruptions in 1968 and 1992. Individuals were also sampled (N = 188) from four regional populations. Samples were characterized using 15 nuclear genetic markers and analyzed using population genetics statistics. Genetic diversity within sites was moderate (He = 0.092–0.192). Contrary to expectation, diversity tended to be lower on the older lava flows (0.131 vs. 0.172) which may reflect their more sheltered topography that restricted pollen/seed immigration, and/or greater intra‐ and interspecific competition. Genetic diversity measures indicate that the lava flows were colonized by numerous individuals that likely originated from multiple sources while spatial genetic structure (SGS) statistics indicate that most recruitment in the study sites subsequent to colonization resulted from in situ reproduction and localized seed deposition. Younger sites had significantly greater SGS over larger distances which reflects fewer reproductive events, and less spatial and temporal overlap of seed shadows relative to the older sites. Clones were also generally smaller on the younger sites (≤3 m vs. ≤8 m).
Export conditions in small countries and their effects on domestic markets
Authors: Alfaro Martin , Warzynski Frederic 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a small country's industries, it is common that both small and large firms export a significant share of their total production. How does better export access affect the domestic market when this occurs? Incorporating investments in quality that require fixed outlays and increase a variety's appeal in all countries, we show that an export shock entails two opposing mechanisms. On the one hand, it induces quality upgrades that raise the domestic market share of large firms. On the other hand, it fosters entry of small firms, making large firms lose domestic market share and downgrade quality. Using Danish data, we show that small firms in some industries are so heavily export‐oriented that better export opportunities reallocate domestic market share towards the least productive domestic firms. And while competition by small firms reduces some large firms' domestic markups, it also leads some to downgrade quality and suffer a substantial fall in profits.
A biogeographical approach to characterizing the climatic, physical and geomorphic niche of the most widely distributed mangrove species,Avicennia marina
Authors: Martínez‐Díaz Marycarmen G. , Reef Ruth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimMangroves are coastal ecosystems exposed to terrestrial, marine, geomorphic and climatic forcings operating in concert, making the mangrove niche hard to define, as evidenced by extremely poor restoration outcomes. We have developed a set of high‐resolution species distribution models and interpreted the variables that have the largest impact on the niche ofAvicennia marina, the most globally widespread mangrove species, to comprehensively detail the forcings driving habitat suitability.LocationAustralia.Time period1970–2020.Major taxa studiedAvicennia marina(Forssk.) Vierh.MethodsWe modelled the suitable habitat forA. marinain Australia using the maxent method incorporating 38 environmental variables and the Global Mangrove Watch baseline for the presence records. Using k‐means grouping, we identified subregions where similar suites of environmental variables influence habitat suitability, while also identifying biogeographical commonalities among the subregions. To better understand the low realization of the fundamental niche, we analysed the other land covers occupying the niche.ResultsAvicennia marinain Australia occupies six different environmental subregions. Maxent distribution models accurately predicted the presence ofA. marinain each subpopulation (AUC > 0.9).A. marina's presence in all subregions was strongly determined by its proximity to freshwater. Precipitation and temperature extreme values were more important than average values in predicting the species presence. The species requires low‐energy coastlines with high solar radiation. The suitable areas are primarily shared with salt marshes, seagrass and buildings or cleared land.Main conclusionsOur results offer a baseline for the suitable area ofA. marina's presence that includes a range of environmental conditions,A. marinacurrently occupies <50% of its suitable habitat, and there is scope for restoration with significant ecosystem service gains. The six different subregions in Australia map to known phylogenetically distinct populations, indicating genetic plasticity in response to region specific climatic conditions.
In vivo exclusion of giant aortic thrombus
Authors: Baltodano‐Arellano Roberto , Zuñiga‐Luna Carlos , Cachicatari‐Beltran Angela , Cupe‐Chacalcaje Kelly , Benites‐Yshpilco Lindsay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present the case of a 53‐year‐old patient with a giant floating thrombus in the aortic arch associated with proximal stenosis of the left subclavian artery diagnosed by multimodal imaging. Left carotid‐subclavian shunt and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) were successful. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) played a substantial role in the safety and efficacy of the endovascular procedure and should be considered as an additional guide to fluoroscopy for this type of procedure.
Artificial intelligence for automated evaluation of aortic measurements in 2D echocardiography: Feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility
Authors: Karužas Arnas , Balčiūnas Justinas , Fukson Mark , Verikas Dovydas , Matuliauskas Dovydas , Platūkis Tautvydas , Vaičiulienė Dovilė , Jurgaitytė Julija , Kupstytė‐Krištaponė Nora , Dirsienė Rūta , Jaruševičius Gediminas , Šakalytė Gintarė , Plisienė Jurgita , Lesauskaitė Vaiva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study sought to examine the feasibility, accuracy and reproducibility of a novel, fully automated 2D transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) parasternal long axis (PLAX) view aortic measurements quantification software compared to board‐certified cardiologists in controlled clinical setting.Methods and resultsAortic Annulus (AoA), Aortic Sinus (AoS), Sinotubular Junction (STJ) and Proximal Ascending Aorta (AAo) diameter measurements were performed retrospectively on each of 58 subjects in two different ways: twice using a fully automated software (Ligence Heart version 2) and twice manually by three cardiologists (ORG) and one expert cardiologist (EC). Out of 58 studies AoA was measured in 54 (93%), AoS in 55 (95%), STJ in 55 (95%) and AAo in 54 (93%) studies. Automated measurements had a stronger correlation with EC when compared to ORG with the largest correlation difference of .1 for STJ measurements and lowest difference of .01 for AoS measurements. Automated software was in higher agreement with ground truth intervals (ORG measurements mean +‐ SEM) in three out of four measurements.ConclusionFully automated 2D TTE PLAX view aortic measurements using a novel AI‐based quantification software are feasible and yield results that are in close agreement with what experienced readers measure manually while providing better reproducibility. This approach may prove to have important clinical implications in the automation of the aortic root and ascending aorta assessment to improve workflow efficiency.
Extended follow‐up after anterior temporal lobectomy demonstrates seizure recurrence 20+ years postsurgery
Authors: McIntosh Anne M. , Wynd Alex W. , Berkovic Samuel F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveAnterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for medication‐resistant localized epilepsy results in ablation or reduction of seizures for most patients. However, some individuals who attain an initial extended period of postsurgical seizure freedom will experience a later seizure recurrence. In this study, we examined the prevalence and some risk factors for late recurrence in an ATL cohort with extensive regular follow‐up.MethodsIncluded were 449 patients who underwent ATL at Austin Health, Australia, from 1978 to 2008. Postsurgical follow‐up was undertaken 2–3 yearly. Seizure recurrence was tested using Kaplan–Meier analysis, log‐rank test, and Cox regression. Late recurrence was qualified as a first disabling seizure >2 years postsurgery. We examined risks within the ATL cohort according to broad pathology groups and tested whether late recurrence differed for the ATL cohort compared to patients who had resections outside the temporal lobe (n = 98).ResultsMedian post‐ATL follow‐up was 22 years (range = .1–38.6), 6% were lost to follow‐up, and 12% had died. Probabilities for remaining completely seizure‐free after surgery were 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 53–63) at 2 postoperative years, 36% (95% CI = 32–41) at 10 years, 32% (95% CI = 27–36) at 20 years, and 30% (95% CI = 25–34) at 25 years. Recurrences were reported up to 23 years postoperatively. Late seizures occurred in all major ATL pathology groups, with increased risk in the "normal" and "distant lesion" groups (p ≤ .03). Comparison between the ATL cohort and patients who underwent extratemporal resection demonstrated similar patterns of late recurrence (p = .74).SignificanceSome first recurrences were very late, reported decades after ATL. Late recurrences were not unique to any broad ATL pathology group and did not differ according to whether resections were ATL or extratemporal. Reports of these events by patients with residual pathology suggest that potentially epileptogenic abnormalities outside the area of resection may be implicated as one of several possible underlying mechanisms.