bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli with special reference to antimicrobial resistance isolated from hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata (2012–2019), India
Authors: Ghosh Debjani , Chowdhury Goutam , Samanta Prosenjit , Shaw Sreeja , Deb Alok K. , Bardhan Mainak , Manna Asis , Miyoshi Shin-ichi , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan , Dutta Shanta , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study analyses the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of major diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes detected in hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India, during 2012–2019.

Methods and Results
A total of 8891 stool samples were collected from the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata and screened for the presence of enteric pathogens. Multiplex PCR identified the presence of DEC in 7.8% of the samples, in which ETEC was most common (47.7%) followed by EAEC (38.4%) and EPEC (13.9%). About 54% cases were due to sole DEC infections. Majority of the mixed DEC infections were caused by the Vibrio spp. (19.1%) followed by Rotavirus (14.1%) and Campylobacter spp. (8.4%). ETEC and EAEC were associated significantly with diarrhoea in children &lt;5 years of age, whereas EPEC and also ETEC were prevalent in patients aged between 5 and 14 years. AMR profile showed high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among DEC (56.9%) in which 9% were resistant to antibiotics of six different antimicrobial classes. Screening of the AMR conferring genes of DEC showed the presence of blaCTX-M3 (30.2%) in highest number followed by blaTEM (27.5%), tetB (18%), sul2 (12.6%), strA (11.8%), aadA1 (9.8%), blaOXA-1 (9%), dfrA1 (1.6%) and blaSHV (1.2%).

Conclusions
These findings highlighted the high prevalence of MDR in major DEC pathotypes that could be considered as the leading aetiological bacterial agent responsible for diarrhoea and suggests a significant public health threat.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The results of this study can help to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of DEC infections in patients with diarrhoea. Monitoring of AMR surveillance needs special attention because the DEC isolates were highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobials in the treatment of diarrhoea.
Screening, characterization and growth of γ-aminobutyric acid-producing probiotic candidates from food origin under simulated colonic conditions
Authors: Mousavi Rojaalsadat , Mottawea Walid , Hassan Hebatoallah , Gomaa Ahmed , Audet Marie-Claude , Hammami Riadh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to isolate probiotic bacteria candidates from various starter cultures and fermented foods and characterize their ability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a major inhibitory neuromediator of the central and enteric nervous systems with a role in several health disorders.

Methods and Results
Fourteen strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from food environment and screened for the presence of the glutamate decarboxylase (gadB) gene using PCR and GAD enzymatic assay. The identified potent GABA-producers included Strep. thermophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. GC-FID analyses confirmed the high GABA production capacity of Strep. thermophilus ST16 (1641.5 ± 154.15 μmol l−1), Strep. thermophilus ST8 (1724.5 ± 48.08 μmol/L). To a lesser extent, Bif. animalis ST20, Lact. acidophilus LP16-2 and Ent. faecium ST3 produced 947.5 ± 70.71, 918.0 ± 121.42, and 907.83 ± 55.15 μmol/L of GABA, respectively. These potent strains were able to grow and produce GABA in MRS broth and pre-fermented Macfarlane broth, the latter medium mimicking the nutrient and metabolome composition encountered in the colon. The identified bioactive strains exhibited strong biological safety and probiotic potential profiles as indicated by sensitivity to antibiotics, absence of virulence factors and survival in gastrointestinal conditions.

Conclusions
Several GABA producing probiotic candidates, including Bif. animals ST20, Strep. thermophilus ST8, Lact. acidophilus LP16-2, L. plantarum LP6 & LP9, and Ent. faecium ST3, have shown potential to grow under simulated colonic conditions.

Significance and Impact of Study
Findings from this study provide evidence of the suitability of the isolated GABA-producing probiotic candidates for the development of health-oriented functional food products.
Intellectual/developmental disabilities among people incarcerated in federal correctional facilities in Ontario, Canada: Examining prevalence, health and correctional characteristics
Authors: Matheson Flora I. , Dastoori Parisa , Whittingham Lisa , Calzavara Andrew , Keown Leslie A. , Durbin Anna , Kouyoumdjian Fiona G. , Lin Elizabeth , Volpe Tiziana , Lunsky Yona 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research with people who experience intellectual/developmental disabilities and imprisonment.MethodsThe study linked health and correctional data to examine prevalence of intellectual/developmental disabilities and health and correctional characteristics among adults experiencing their first federal incarceration between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2011 (n = 9278) and two non‐incarcerated groups (n = 10,086,802).ResultsThe prevalence of intellectual/developmental disabilities was 2.1% in the incarcerated group and 0.9% in the non‐incarcerated group. Before incarceration, those with, versus without, intellectual/developmental disabilities were at greater risk of traumatic brain injury, mental illness, and substance use disorders. While incarcerated, those with intellectual/developmental disabilities were more likely to incur serious institutional disciplinary charges. Post‐incarceration, persons with intellectual/developmental disabilities were at greater risk of emergency department visits, and psychiatric and acute hospitalizations, than the non‐incarcerated groups.ConclusionsPeople with intellectual/developmental disabilities are overrepresented in Canadian federal correctional institutions. The authors offer strategies to support people prior to, during, and post‐incarceration.
Optimal candidates for early colonoscopy in the management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Saino Masachika , Aoyama Taiki , Yamane Masahiro , Masuda Satoshi , Nomura Risa , Shigita Kenjiro , Asayama Naoki , Fukumoto Akira , Mukai Shinichi , Nagata Shinji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimEarly colonoscopy has not shown any advantages over elective colonoscopy in reducing the risk of early rebleeding (≤ 30 days) after acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB). Considering the heterogeneity among patients with ALGIB, we sought to evaluate appropriate candidates for early colonoscopy.MethodsA total of 592 patients with ALGIB were enrolled, and the clinical outcomes of early colonoscopy were investigated. Thereafter, the participants were divided into two groups: the recent bleeding group (n = 445), with hematochezia 0–6 h before hospital arrival, and non‐recent bleeding group (n = 147). The clinical outcomes yielded by early colonoscopy were assessed in each group.ResultsThe multivariate analysis including the entire population revealed that early colonoscopy (< 24 h) did not reduce the risk of early rebleeding (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.39). However, in the subgroup analysis, early colonoscopy independently reduced the risk of early rebleeding in the recent bleeding group (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33–0.94). Moreover, a reduction in the need for radiological or surgical intervention (AOR, 0.34), transfusion (AOR, 0.62), and prolonged hospitalization (AOR, 0.42), as well as improvement in diagnostic yield (AOR, 1.78) and endoscopic treatment rates (AOR, 1.66), were observed. Early colonoscopy did not improve the outcomes of the non‐recent bleeding group.ConclusionsEarly colonoscopy is not required for all patients with ALGIB. However, it may be suitable for those with hematochezia 0–6 h before hospital arrival, as it reduces early rebleeding and improves clinical outcomes.
Calculated phase equilibria for high‐pressure serpentinites and compositionally related rocks close to the MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (MASH) system
Authors: Rebay Gisella , Powell Roger , Holland Tim J. B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe metamorphic evolution of serpentinite has a fundamental bearing on geochemical cycles, mechanical behaviour and seismic properties of the Earth. Phase equilibria in the system MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (MASH) provide a ‘backbone’ for phase equilibria in larger systems that are applicable to serpentinites and also many whiteschists. Phase equilibria for MASH, and departures from MASH, are calculated using the Holland and Powell data set,tc‐ds62, and new activity–composition relations for antigorite and talc. Phase relations are presented usingPTprojections and compatibility diagrams to highlight the role ofP,Tand composition on the equilibrium mineral assemblages stable in these chemical systems at high pressure. These phase relations provide the context for pseudosection and other modelling focused on individual rock compositions.
Preliminary assessment of gastrointestinal parasites of the sun‐tailed monkey (Allochrocebus solatus) in a semi‐free‐ranging colony
Authors: Dibakou Serge‐Ely , Ngoubangoye Barthélémy , Boundenga Larson , Ntie Stephan , Moussadji Cyr , Tsoumbou Thierry‐Audrey , Setchell Joanna M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the sun‐tailed monkey (Allochrocebus solatus) at the CIRMF primatology center is unknown. We, therefore, assessed the presence and richness (number of different parasite taxa) of gastrointestinal parasites in a semi‐free‐ranging colony of A. solatus.MethodsA total of 46 fecal samples were screened using a modified McMaster technique for fecal egg counts.ResultsIn the 46 samples collected, seven taxa of gastrointestinal parasites, including protozoa and nematodes were identified. The most prevalent parasite was strongyles parasites (98%), followed by Trichuris spp. (72%), Strongyloides spp. (67%) and Entamoeba coli (65%). Balantioides coli (33%), Endolimax nana (25%), and Spirurid eggs (26%) were only found in a minority of the animals.ConclusionsThis study contributes new host records of gastrointestinal parasites in semi‐free‐ranging A. solatus and highlights the need to investigate the health of this species and implement proper precautions in the management of this colony.
Understanding the nursing practices and perspectives of transfusion reaction reporting
Authors: Miao Wenxin , Sibbald Shannon L. , Law Benson , Solh Ziad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate nurse perspectives on transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting practices.BackgroundTransfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting is an essential component of hemovigilance in Canada, but reporting rates vary and under‐reporting of minor transfusion‐related adverse reactions exists. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nursing transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting attitudes.DesignThis qualitative descriptive study explored the nursing practices and perspectives of transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting by conducting one‐on‐one interviews with nurses (n = 25) working in adult oncology inpatient and outpatient units.MethodsData were thematically analysed; data collection ended when saturation was reached. The COREQ checklist was used to guide this study.ResultsThe study revealed that the nursing practices of transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting are not standardised to meet the institutional reporting guidelines. Under‐reporting of febrile reactions exists at this institution. Major concepts uncovered included the factors impacting nurses' transfusion‐related reporting practices, as well as barriers and facilitators to transfusion reporting.ConclusionA practice change in transfusion‐related adverse reaction reporting is needed to achieve optimal hemovigilance at this institution. Using the barriers and facilitators identified in this study, institutions can better inform future interventions by employing strategies like TR reporting education in order to improve reporting of transfusion‐related adverse reactions in this hospital and other similar institutions.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study informs clinical practice and decision‐making for nurses and nursing educators who manage blood transfusion administration procedures.
Potential Pathways From Peer Victimization to Alcohol Use Among Biracial Adolescents: The Intervening Role of Parental Support
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Yan Yueqi , Clark Goings Trenette T. , Takahashi Lois M. , Tabb Karen M. , Voisin Dexter R. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined pathways from peer victimization to alcohol use and the role of parental support in mediating potential peer effects among biracial youth. Given a significant dearth of research on biracial youth, this study addresses this significant gap in the extant literature.METHODSSecondary data analyses were conducted using the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) study in the United States. This study enrolled 492 self‐identified biracial school‐aged youth using a nationally representative sampling of public and private schools.RESULTSStructural equation modeling was computed to test the mediational effects of low number of close friends, affiliation with delinquent friends, and parental support on alcohol use. Major findings indicated that affiliation with delinquent friends was correlated with higher alcohol use, higher levels of parental support were correlated with lower peer victimization, and higher levels of parental support were negatively correlated with affiliation with delinquent peers and alcohol use.CONCLUSIONSParental and peer effects remain salient for biracial youth who are navigating adolescence and experiencing peer victimization. School‐based interventions that include parents and friends of biracial youth are likely to be effective in reducing peer victimization and its negative sequelae.
Assessment of physicochemical, rheological, and thermal properties of Indian rice cultivars: Implications on the extrusion characteristics
Authors: Bhati Dolly , Singh Baljit , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Savita , Pandiselvam Ravi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe implications of physicochemical, rheological, and thermal properties of seven eminent Indian rice cultivars (PR 114, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, and 127) on the extrusion behavior and physico‐functionalities of the extrudates were investigated. The amylose and amylopectin content of the cultivars ranged between 12.72 to 28.86% and 71.14 to 87.28% in addition with protein and crude fat content that varied from 7.05 to 9.15% and 0.49 to 1.17%, respectively. The onset (r = 0.98), peak (r = 0.95), and conclusion (r = 0.98) temperatures of the cultivars were in positive correlation with amylose. Likewise, pasting temperature (r = 0.979), final viscosity (r = 0.91), set back viscosity (r = 0.89), and stability ratio (r = 0.90) of the cultivars demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the amylose content. However, peak (r = − 0.879) and hold viscosity (r = − 0.89) were negatively correlated. The cultivars were extruded at feed moisture of 15%, screw speed of 500 rpm and barrel temperature of 150°C. The extrudates characteristics viz., expansion ratio—1.82 (PR 123); bulk density—184 g/cc (PR 123); specific mechanical energy—262.35 Wh/kg; water absorption index (WAI)—6.26 (PR 122); water solubility index—48.52% (PR 123); hardness—148.63 N (PR 122); and hydration power—284% (PR 122) were viably hyphenated with the physicochemical and rheological behavior of cultivars. The physico‐functional characterization of the extrudates in terms of their starch and protein structural indexes, α‐amylase susceptibility; water soluble carbohydrates and proteins revealed the possibility of exploring these cultivars as a functionally viable and diverse ingredient for the production of ready‐to‐eat extrudates.
Antimicrobial discontinuation in dogs with acute aspiration pneumonia based on clinical improvement and normalization of C‐reactive protein concentration
Authors: Fernandes Rodrigues Nina , Giraud Léna , Bolen Géraldine , Fastrès Aline , Clercx Cécile , Gommeren Kris , Billen Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence regarding optimal treatment duration in dogs with aspiration pneumonia (AP) and the role of thoracic radiographs (TXR) and lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the long‐term follow‐up of affected dogs is lacking. C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a reliable acute phase protein to monitor bacterial pneumonia in dogs.HypothesisInvestigate the safety of antimicrobial discontinuation based on clinical improvement and serum CRP normalization, as well as the usefulness of TXR and LUS for follow‐up.AnimalsDogs diagnosed with AP and treated with antimicrobials.MethodsProspective observational study. Antimicrobials were discontinued based on clinical improvement and serum CRP normalization after 1, 3, or 5 weeks. At each consultation, a quality‐of‐life questionnaire, physical examination, serum CRP, TXR, and LUS were assessed. Short‐ (2 weeks) and long‐term (>1 month) follow‐ups after treatment discontinuation were performed to monitor for possible relapses.ResultsSeventeen dogs were included. Antimicrobials were discontinued after 1 week in 12 dogs (70.6%) and 3 weeks in the remaining 5 dogs (29.4%). Short‐term relapse was not observed in any dog and long‐term relapse was diagnosed in 3 dogs. Thoracic radiographs and LUS were useful for diagnosis, but did not add additional information during follow‐up, because image normalization lagged behind clinical improvement and serum CRP normalization.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDogs with AP can be safely and effectively treated using a short‐term antimicrobial regimen discontinued after clinical improvement and serum CRP normalization. Imaging might still be useful for complicated cases with a less favorable response to treatment.
Mycophenolate mofetil decreases humoral responses to three doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Meunier Lucy , Sanavio Mathilde , Dumortier Jérôme , Meszaros Magdalena , Faure Stéphanie , Ursic Bedoya José , Echenne Maxime , Boillot Olivier , Debourdeau Antoine , Pageaux Georges Philippe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAfter 2 doses, the efficacy of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination seems to be lower in solid organ transplant recipients than in the immunocompetent population. The objective of this study was to determine the humoral response rate after vaccination, including with a booster dose, and to identify risk factors for non‐responsiveness in liver transplant recipients.MethodsWe included all patients seen in consultation in two French liver transplant centres between January 1, 2021, and March 15, 2021.Results598 liver transplant recipients were enrolled and 327 were included for analysis. Sixteen patients received one dose, 63 patients two doses and 248 patients three doses. Anti‐SARS‐Cov‐2 antibodies were detected in 242 out of 327 (74.0%) liver transplant patients after vaccination. Considering an optimal serologic response defined as an antibody titre >260 BAU/ml, 172 patients (52.6%) were responders. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment was an independent risk factor for a failure to develop anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies after vaccination (OR 0.458; 95%CI 0.258–0.813; p = .008). Conversely, male gender (OR 2.247, 95%CI 1.194–4.227; p = .012) and receiving an mRNA vaccine (vs a non‐mRNA vaccine) (OR 4.107, 95%CI 1.145–14.731; p = .030) were independent predictive factors for developing an optimal humoral response after vaccination. None of the patients who received the vaccine experienced any serious adverse events.ConclusionsEven after a third booster dose, response rate to vaccination is decreased in liver transplant recipients. MMF appears to be a major determinant of seroconversion and optimal response to vaccination in these patients.
Prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis and comorbidity in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in Korea
Authors: Kim Mimi , Yoon Eileen L. , Cho Seon , Lee Chul‐min , Kang Bo‐Kyeong , Park Huiyul , Jun Dae Won , Nah Eun‐Hee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsThere are several reports on the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis in MAFLD is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of advanced fibrosis in MAFLD.MethodsA total of 6775 subjects from nationwide 13 health check‐up centres were included in this cross‐sectional study. Fatty liver was evaluated using ultrasonography. Significant (≥F2) and advanced (≥F3) hepatic fibrosis were defined by MRE thresholds of 3.0 kPa (range: 2.99–3.65 kPa) and 3.6 kPa (range: 3.4–3.9 kPa) respectively. The sex‐ and age‐standardized prevalence of MAFLD and hepatic fibrosis was estimated.ResultsThe sex‐ and age‐standardized prevalence of MAFLD was 33.9%. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) in MAFLD was 71.1%, and 79.0% of obese subjects had MAFLD. The prevalence of diabetes in MAFLD was 13.3%, and 73.6% of subjects with diabetes had MAFLD. The sex‐ and age‐standardized prevalence of significant (≥F2) and advanced hepatic fibrosis (≥F3) amongst MAFLD was 9.7% (range: 3.0–9.8%) and 3.0% (range: 2.6–4.6%) respectively. The prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis in overweight/obese (group I), lean (group II) and diabetic (group III) MAFLD was 2.3%, 3.1% and 9.5% respectively.ConclusionThe sex‐ and age‐standardized prevalence of advanced fibrosis was 3.0% (range: 2.6–4.6%) in subjects with MAFLD.
First report of the invasive Ceratium furcoides (dinoflagellate) in Paracambi Reservoir, Rio de Janeiro: Risks to the world's largest domestic water treatment plant
Authors: Corrêa Raphael Ferreira , Macêdo Rafael Lacerda , Fonseca Kauan Nunes , Thiago Mariana Guedes Ribeiro , Miranda Viviane Bernardes dos Santos , Orsi Mario Luis , Portugal Samira da Guia Mello , Branco Christina Wyss Castelo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCeratium furcoides (Dinophyta) have gained international attention as invasive aquatic species, especially in South America, due to its fast proliferation into various aquatic systems and the subsequent adverse impacts on water quality and native biota. The present study reports the detection of dense populations of C. furcoides in the Paracambi Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) located in the Guandu River basin. Sampling was conducted at five sites during two sampling events in 2019 and 2020 during different seasons (spring and summer), respectively. We used two different standardized sampling methods, including surface collections (SS) (100‐ml) traditionally used for quantitative analysis of inland water phytoplankton, as well as filtration of 20‐L sub‐surface water (FS) through a zooplankton net. The cell densities were higher in SS (599 individuals/ml) than in FS (0.068 individuals/ml), possibly indicating a patchy distribution of Ceratium in the surface water layers. The total cell length exhibited high values (mean length of 249‐μm; mean width of 67‐μm), possibly accounting for water treatment impairment, an inability of zooplankton to consume them and/or fish gill clogging. This new observation within an extensively investigated area, and a source of water for nine million people, in the present study advocates for integrated samplings that also consider a search for cysts accumulated in the bottom sediments, as well as more detailed spatial and temporal investigations considering the salient features of C. furcoides’ populations.