bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Third‐Generation Sequencing of Epigenetic DNA
Authors: Searle Bethany , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas , Kellett Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe discovery of epigenetic bases has revolutionised the understanding of disease and development. Among the most studied epigenetic marks are cytosines covalently modified at the 5 position. In order to gain insight into their biological significance, the ability to determine their spatiotemporal distribution within the genome is essential. Techniques for sequencing on “next‐generation” platforms often involve harsh chemical treatments leading to sample degradation. Third‐generation sequencing promises to further revolutionise the field by providing long reads, enabling coverage of highly repetitive regions of the genome or structural variants considered unmappable by next generation sequencing technology. While the ability of third‐generation platforms to directly detect epigenetic modifications is continuously improving, at present chemical or enzymatic derivatisation presents the most convenient means of enhancing reliability. This Review presents techniques available for the detection of cytosine modifications on third‐generation platforms.
Ultrasound‐Directed Symmetry Breaking and Spin Filtering of Supramolecular Assemblies from only Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Sang Yutao , Zhu Qirong , Zhou Xiaoqin , Jiang Yuqian , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein we describe the self‐assembly of an achiral molecule into macroscopic helicity as well as the emergent chiral‐selective spin‐filtering effect. It was found that a benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) motif with an aminopyridine group in each arm could coordinate with AgI and self‐assemble into nanospheres. Upon sonication, symmetry breaking occurred and the nanospheres transferred into helical nanofibers with strong CD signals. Although the sign of the CD signals appeared randomly, it could be controlled by using the as‐made chiral assemblies as a seed. Furthermore, it was found that the charge transport of the helical nanofibers was highly selective with a spin‐polarization transport of up to 45 %, although the chiral nanofibers are composed exclusively from achiral building blocks. This work demonstrates symmetry breaking under sonication and the chiral‐selective spin‐filtering effect.
Unconventional Pathway in the Gas‐Phase Synthesis of 9H‐Fluorene (C13H10) via the Radical–Radical Reaction of Benzyl (C7H7) with Phenyl (C6H5)
Authors: He Chao , Kaiser Ralf I. , Lu Wenchao , Ahmed Musahid , Pivovarov Pavel S. , Kuznetsov Oleg V. , Zagidullin Marsel V. , Mebel Alexander M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carrying a five‐membered ring—9H‐fluorene (C13H10)—is produced isomer‐specifically in the gas phase by reacting benzyl (C7H7⋅) with phenyl (C6H5⋅) radicals in a pyrolytic reactor coupled with single photon ionization mass spectrometry. The unconventional mechanism of reaction is supported by theoretical calculations, which first produces diphenylmethane and unexpected 1‐(6‐methylenecyclohexa‐2,4‐dienyl)benzene intermediates (C13H12) accessed via addition of the phenyl radical to the ortho position of the benzyl radical. These findings offer convincing evidence for molecular mass growth processes defying conventional wisdom that radical‐radical reactions are initiated through recombination at their radical centers. The structure of 9H‐fluorene acts as a molecular building block for complex curved nanostructures like fullerenes and nanobowls providing fundamental insights into the hydrocarbon evolution in high temperature settings.
The Alarmone Diadenosine Tetraphosphate as a Cosubstrate for Protein AMPylation
Authors: Frese Matthias , Saumer Philip , Yuan Yizhi , Herzog Doreen , Höpfner Dorothea , Itzen Aymelt , Marx Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiadenosine polyphosphates (ApnAs) are non‐canonical nucleotides whose cellular concentrations increase during stress and are therefore termed alarmones, signaling homeostatic imbalance. Their cellular role is poorly understood. In this work, we assessed ApnAs for their usage as cosubstrates for protein AMPylation, a post‐translational modification in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is transferred to proteins. In humans, AMPylation mediated by the AMPylator FICD with ATP as a cosubstrate is a response to ER stress. Herein, we demonstrate that Ap4A is proficiently consumed for AMPylation by FICD. By chemical proteomics using a new chemical probe, we identified new potential AMPylation targets. Interestingly, we found that AMPylation targets of FICD may differ depending on the nucleotide cosubstrate. These results may suggest that signaling at elevated Ap4A levels during cellular stress differs from when Ap4A is present at low concentrations, allowing response to extracellular cues.
Identifying the Interfacial Polarization in Non‐stoichiometric Lead‐Free Perovskites by Defect Engineering
Authors: Xu Ze , Liu Yi‐Xuan , Azadeh Maryam , Thong Hao‐Cheng , Jiang Yuqi , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Yue Zhen‐Xing , Zhang Zhong‐Tai , Tang Zi‐Long , Li Jing‐Feng , Wang Heng , Frömling Till , Wang Ke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent advances in perovskite ferroelectrics have fostered a host of exciting sensors and actuators. Defect engineering provides critical control of the performance of ferroelectric materials, especially lead‐free ones. However, it remains a challenge to quantitatively study the concentration of defects due to the complexity of measurement techniques. Here, a feasible approach to analyzing the A‐site defect and electron in alkali metal niobate is demonstrated. The theoretical relationships among defect concentration, conductivity, and oxygen partial pressure can be established based on the defect chemistry equilibria. The type and concentration of defects are reflected through the conductivity variation with oxygen partial pressure. As a result, the variation of defect concentration gives rise to defect‐driven interfacial polarization, which further leads to distinct properties of the ceramics. e.g., abnormal dielectric behavior. Furthermore, this study also suggests a strategy to manipulate defects and charges in perovskite oxides for performance optimization.
Metal‐insulator‐metal waveguide‐based plasmonic sensors: Fantasy or truth—A critical review
Authors: Butt Muhammad A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is a hysteria over plasmonic sensors based on metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) waveguides and researchers around the globe are extensively studying these devices over the past two decades for diverse sensing applications for instance temperature, refractive index, pressure, and biochemical applications among others. The sensors based on MIM waveguides (WGs) are compact and offer unmatchable sensitivity as assessed with dielectric waveguide‐based sensors along with an extraordinary figure of merits (FOM). However, the major concern is that most of these sensors are only numerically simulated/analyzed and there is no experimental demonstration accessible to date. Therefore, in this mini‐review, these highly alluring sensor designs are critically analyzed to identify if they are practically feasible or just a fantasy among the scientific community.
Principals' systems thinking and teachers' withdrawal behaviours: The intervening role of school structure and principal–teacher gender (dis)similarity
Authors: Nadav Nechama , Benoliel Pascale , Schechter Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRelying on the contingency theory, the present study examines the influence of school characteristics and principal–teacher gender (dis)similarity on the relationship between principals’ systems thinking (PST) and teacher withdrawal behaviours of absenteeism and intent to leave. Data were collected from two sources: 111 school management team members and 109 teachers (220 participants in total) randomly chosen from elementary schools in Israel. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that principal–teacher dissimilarity and a bureaucratic school structure moderate the relationship between PST and teachers’ withdrawal behaviours. These findings indicate that the organisational conditions under which principals practise systems thinking can affect teachers’ withdrawal behaviours. Therefore, this study may advance theory and practise regarding the implications of PST on withdrawal behaviours, which are an important determinant of teachers’ performance and a school's success.
Microbial production of odd‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Qin Ning , Li Lingyun , Wang Zheng , Shi Shuobo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOdd‐chain fatty acids (OcFAs) and their derivatives have attracted much attention due to their beneficial physiological effects and their potential to be alternatives to advanced fuels. However, cells naturally produce even‐chain fatty acids (EcFAs) with negligible OcFAs. In the process of biosynthesis of fatty acids (FAs), the acetyl‐CoA serves as the starter unit for EcFAs, and propionyl‐CoA works as the starter unit for OcFAs. The lack of sufficient propionyl‐CoA, the precursor, is usually regarded as the main restriction for large‐scale bioproduction of OcFAs. In recent years, synthetic biology strategies have been used to modify several microorganisms to produce more propionyl‐CoA that would enable an efficient biosynthesis of OcFAs. This review discusses several reported and potential metabolic pathways for propionyl‐CoA biosynthesis, followed by advances in engineering several cell factories for OcFAs production. Finally, trends and challenges of synthetic biology driven OcFAs production are discussed.
A robust soft sensor based on artificial neural network for monitoring microbial lipid fermentation processes using Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Zhao Wenyang , Lin Lu , Wang Tianjing , Wei Ping , Ledesma‐Amaro Rodrigo , Zhang Ai‐Hui , Ji Xiao‐Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrobial oils produced by Yarrowia lipolytica offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to petroleum as well as traditional lipids from animals and plants. The accurate measurement of fermentation parameters, including the substrate concentration, dry cell weight, and lipid accumulation, is the foundation of process control, which is indispensable for industrial lipid production. However, it remains a great challenge to measure the complex parameters online during the lipid fermentation process, which is nonlinear, multivariate, and characterized by strong coupling. As a type of AI technology, the artificial neural network model is a powerful tool for handling extremely complex problems, and it can be employed to develop a soft sensor to monitor the microbial lipid fermentation process of Y. lipolytica. In this study, we first analyzed and emphasized the volume of sodium hydroxide and dissolved oxygen concentration as central parameters of the fermentation process. Then, a soft sensor based on a four‐input artificial neural network model was developed, in which the input variables were fermentation time, dissolved oxygen concentration, initial glucose concentration, and additional volume of sodium hydroxide. This provides the possibility of online monitoring of dry cell weight, glucose concentration, and lipid production with high accuracy, which can be extended to similar fermentation processes characterized by the addition of bases or acids, as well as changes of the dissolved oxygen concentration.
USP9X promotes lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated acute lung injury by deubiquitination of NLRP3
Authors: Xiang Yijin , Li Xiangting , Cai Min , Cai Dingfang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlveolar epithelial cells (AECs) function as a vital defense barrier avoiding the invasion of exogenous agents and preserving the functional and structural integrity of lung tissues, while damage/breakdown of this airway epithelial barrier is frequently associated with the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). NOD‐like receptor family, pyrindomain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation‐associated pyroptosis is involved in the development of ALI. Yet, how the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated in the context of ALI remains unknown. Herein we hypothesized that USP9X, an important deubiquitinase, participates in modulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby affecting the phenotypes in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated AEC model. Human pulmonary AECs were subjected to LPS/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell pyroptosis. Knockdown and overexpression of USP9X were applied to validate the function of USP9X. Inhibitors of proteinase and protein synthesis, as well as approach of co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with Western blot, were utilized to explore the molecular mechanism. LPS/ATP challenge resulted in pronouncedly increased pyroptosis of AECs, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and release of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 cytokines, while downregulation of USP9X could reverse these alterations. USP9X was found to have marked impact on NLRP3 protein instead of mRNA level. Furthermore, increased ubiquitination of NLRP3 was observed upon downregulating USP9X. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of USP9X downregulation was reversed by NLRP3 overexpression, while the promoting impact of USP9X overexpression was dampened by NLRP3 inhibitor in terms of cell pyroptosis and cytokine secretion. USP9X modulated the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of AECs via its deubiquitination function.
Gallbladder cancer concomitant with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Murakami Hisashi , Okubo Satoshi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Akabane Miho , Matsumura Masaru , Shindoh Junichi , Hashimoto Masaji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe case is a 67‐year‐old female with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who was followed up regularly. CT scan showed a mural nodule growing over the past 4 years inside the hypodense region surrounded by hepatic cysts. Surgery was performed and the pathological diagnosis was StageI gallbladder cancer.
Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst in thigh muscles: A case report
Authors: Bozorgi Hossein , Aminzadeh Behzad , Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud , Khoroushi Farzane , Izanlu Mostafa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign lesions that are locally invasive. The prevalence of soft tissue ABCs is far lower than the intraosseous type. Here, we report a case of ABC in thigh muscles who presented with distal thigh pain.
Vanadium (II) Sulfate for the Reductive Leaching of Chalcopyrite: Replacing Smelting with Electrolysis for Copper Production
Authors: Vardner Jonathan T. , Gencer Elifsu , Emerson Melissa , Farinato Raymond S. , Nagaraj D. R. , Banta Scott , West Alan C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe demand for copper is expected to outpace supply in the coming decades due in part to the emergence of wind and solar technologies, which require about five times as much copper as traditional energy sources. This work introduces a potentially transformative hydrometallurgical process to extract copper from chalcopyrite, and thereby sustain a high rate of copper production throughout the 21st century. Chalcopyrite is reacted with vanadium (II) sulfate for the first time to enable the rapid, clean, and complete recovery of copper. Reactions between 39 g/L copper concentrate, 1 M vanadium (II) sulfate, and various concentrations of sulfuric acid yielded a final product of solid copper sulfate, which was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) analysis. The solid products were leached in a subsequent step to demonstrate copper yields ranging from 95–99 %. The vanadium (II) ion may be regenerated by an electrolysis unit that leverages advances in vanadium flow battery technologies.
Staging lymph nodes and blood at diagnosis in mycosis fungoides identifies patients at increased risk of progression to advanced stage: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Allen Pamela B. , McCook‐Veal Ashley A. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Paulino Darina M. , Niyogusaba Tim , Baird Katelin M. , Tarabadkar Erica S. , Lechowicz Mary Jo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for progression to advanced‐stage mycosis fungoides (MF) are poorly defined.MethodsThe authors performed a single‐center, retrospective cohort study among patients with MF at an academic medical center from 1990 to 2020 to identify clinical variables associated with progression to advanced‐stage MF (stage IIB–IVB), and 388 patients who had a clinicopathologic diagnosis of early stage (IA–IIA) MF were identified from their cutaneous lymphoma database. Baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory values, imaging, and blood flow cytometry or T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement (TCR) data were collected. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with progression.ResultsOverall, 93 of 388 patients (24.0%) progressed to advanced stage. Patients who progressed had an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 4.50; 95% CI, 2.89–7.00; p < .001). Progression was associated with a higher overall stage at diagnosis, tumor stage, lymph node stage, low‐level blood involvement, as measured with TCR data and/or flow cytometry, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Limitations included missing data for LDH, imaging, peripheral blood TCR data, or flow cytometry assessed at diagnosis.ConclusionsStaging and baseline laboratory assessments with imaging, peripheral blood flow cytometry, TCR data, and LDH in patients who have newly diagnosed MF may identify those who are at risk for progression to advanced stage.
Iron‐based Semiconducting Half‐Heusler Alloys for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Chauhan Nagendra S. , Miyazaki Yuzuru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIron‐based half‐Heusler alloys constitute an emerging class of semiconducting intermetallics for scalable and efficient thermoelectric conversion, owing to their remarkably high‐power factor, abundance, and low cost. This review encompasses the recent advances in materials synthesis and evolving aspects of optimization pathways in pre‐existing Fe‐based half‐Heusler compositions for attaining a higher thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). The experimental outcomes and theoretical predictions were analyzed and compared using a parametric framework to understand the underlying electronic transport responsible for high power factors exhibited by most of these alloys distinctively. Alongside, effective microstructural approaches were reviewed for which favorable reduction in intrinsically high lattice thermal conductivity (κL) was attained. The electronic structures of MFeSb (M=V, Nb, and Ta) half‐Heuslers is also analyzed using density functional theory‐based calculations to understand the origin of favorable conduction and electrical transport properties. Finally, processing‐structural‐property correlations are discussed to highlight the relevance of structural ordering, phase transformation, and defects on transport properties, for developing effective strategies and material design in Fe‐based half‐Heuslers for their development in thermoelectrics.
Axonal pathfinding during the development of the nervous system
Authors: Sarnat Harvey B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGuidance of axons sprouting from maturing neuroblasts, during intermediate trajectories and in seeking target neurons for synaptogenesis, is a fundamental developmental process in central nervous system maturation. Axons but not dendrites sprout from neuroblasts during migration. The growth cone of the axonal tip projects constantly changing multiple veils and spikes (lamellipodia and filopodia) that contain microtubules, actin microfilaments, mitochondria, endosomes, and membrane receptor proteins. They are sensitive to changes in ionic calcium flux and may be impeded by perinatal hyper‐ or hypoglycemia. The growth of axonal membranes occurs mainly at the growth cone. Neurofilaments appear in the axonal tip as it approaches its target. Growth cones are attracted to or repelled by various extracellular matrix molecules that guide them, such as netrins and glycoproteins. Numerous genes are involved, some specific for only certain projections. Neurotransmitters later to be secreted are recognized in growing axons before their synthesis. Axonal fascicles are enveloped by extracellular keratan sulfate that ensures that fascicles contain axons of similar origin and destination and whose neurons secrete the same transmitter. Near their targets, axonal tips may ramify to form synapses on more than one neuron. Transitory pioneer axons provide supplementary mechanical guides to permanent axonal trajectories. Thalamus and olfactory bulb contain axonless neurons with dendrodendritic synapses. Chromaffin neurons of neural crest origin develop no neurites. Most cerebral malformations involve aberrant axonal pathfinding; in holoprosencephaly, keratan sulfate abnormally ensheathes individual axons. Axonal pathfinding to near or distant target neurons is primordial for synaptic circuitry subserving normal and abnormal neurological functions including epilepsy.
Chemical peels for the management of melasma and hyperpigmentation
Authors: Karim Maria , Diep Darlene , Onikoyi Omobola , Teymour Shereen , Lal Karan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMelasma is often a difficult disease to treat, and can be psychologically distressing to patients. Currently, the gold standard for the treatment of melasma is hydroquinone. While this treatment has been used for many years, it does not come without risks with overuse. Chemical peels have also become an option for the treatment of melasma, but their efficacy and safety in comparison to hydroquinone has not yet been established. This review aims to investigate the various types, efficacy, and safety of chemical peels used to treat melasma.
Sustainable aviation fuel: Pathways to fully formulated synthetic jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: de Klerk Arno , Chauhan Garima , Halmenschlager Cibele , Link Felix , Montoya Sánchez Natalia , Gartley Brian , El‐Sayed Hanan E. M. , Sehdev Ranjit , Lehoux Rick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFully formulated synthetic jet fuel is an aviation turbine fuel that does not contain petroleum‐derived kerosene and comprises the hydrocarbon compound classes n‐alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. When the aim is to produce sustainable aviation fuel, one potential process pathway is by indirect liquefaction via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Fischer–Tropsch synthesised paraffinic kerosene plus aromatics (FT SPK/A) is a product that is fully formulated and can in principle be qualified as Jet A‐1. The synthetic jet fuel must ultimately meet all of the Jet A‐1 specifications. However, there are still hurdles on the path toward global approval of fully formulated synthetic jet fuel. In this study, several different refining pathways are shown that can be employed to produce FT SPK/A. The refining pathways have the desirable attribute of being generally useful and not limited to a specific refining technology. A case study is also presented in which FT SPK/A was produced, characterised and compared to Jet A‐1 specification requirements. It illustrated that it was practical to produce a fully formulated jet fuel via Fischer–Tropsch refining.