bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and recommendations for eHealth usability evaluation with elderly users: systematic review and case study
Authors: Sinabell Irina , Ammenwerth Elske 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious research has shown that there are a variety of eHealth usability evaluation methods suitable for agile, easily applicable, and useful eHealth usability evaluations. However, it is unclear whether such eHealth usability evaluation methods are also applicable with elderly users. This study aims to examine the challenges in applying eHealth usability evaluation methods with elderly users and how these challenges can be overcome. We chose three established eHealth usability evaluation methods to evaluate an eHealth intervention: (1) Co-Discovery Evaluation, (2) Cooperative Usability Testing, and (3) Remote User Testing combined with Think Aloud. The case study was conducted with seven Austrian elderly users. We supplemented the case study (March, 2021) with a systematic review (March, 2022) to identify (1) applied eHealth usability evaluation methods to elderly and (2) challenges of eHealth usability evaluations with elderly. Our results showed that Remote User Testing combined with Think Aloud could successfully be applied to evaluate the eHealth intervention with elderly users. However, Cooperative Usability Testing and Co-Discovery Evaluation were not suitable. The results of the systematic review showed that user-based eHealth usability evaluation methods are mostly applied to conduct eHealth usability evaluations with elderly users. Overall, the results showed that not all established eHealth usability evaluation methods are applicable with elderly users. Based on the case study and the systematic review, we developed 24 recommendations on how to deal with challenges during eHealth usability evaluations. The recommendations contribute to improving the accessibility, acceptability, and usability of eHealth interventions by the elderly.
Internal resonance of an axially transporting beam with a two-frequency parametric excitation
Authors: Zhang Dengbo , Tang Youqi , Liang Ruquan , Song Yuanmei , Chen Liqun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the transverse 3:1 internal resonance of an axially transporting nonlinear viscoelastic Euler-Bernoulli beam with a two-frequency parametric excitation caused by a speed perturbation. The Kelvin-Voigt model is introduced to describe the viscoelastic characteristics of the axially transporting beam. The governing equation and the associated boundary conditions are obtained by Newton’s second law. The method of multiple scales is utilized to obtain the steady-state responses. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to determine the stabilities and bifurcations of the steady-state responses. The effects of the material viscoelastic coefficient on the dynamics of the transporting beam are studied in detail by a series of numerical demonstrations. Interesting phenomena of the steady-state responses are revealed in the 3:1 internal resonance and two-frequency parametric excitation. The approximate analytical method is validated via a differential quadrature method.
Structural and functional insights into iron acquisition from lactoferrin and transferrin in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens
Authors: Chan Clement , Ng Dixon , Fraser Marie E. , Schryvers Anthony B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIron is an essential element for various lifeforms but is largely insoluble due to the oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans during the Proterozoic era. Metazoans evolved iron transport glycoproteins, like transferrin (Tf) and lactoferrin (Lf), to keep iron in a non-toxic, usable form, while maintaining a low free iron concentration in the body that is unable to sustain bacterial growth. To survive on the mucosal surfaces of the human respiratory tract where it exclusively resides, the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis utilizes surface receptors for acquiring iron directly from human Tf and Lf. The receptors are comprised of a surface lipoprotein to capture iron-loaded Tf or Lf and deliver it to a TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT) for removal of iron and transport across the outer membrane. The subsequent transport of iron into the cell is normally mediated by a periplasmic iron-binding protein and inner membrane transport complex, which has yet to be determined for Moraxella catarrhalis. We identified two potential periplasm to cytoplasm transport systems and performed structural and functional studies with the periplasmic binding proteins (FbpA and AfeA) to evaluate their role. Growth studies with strains deleted in the fbpA or afeA gene demonstrated that FbpA, but not AfeA, was required for growth on human Tf or Lf. The crystal structure of FbpA with bound iron in the open conformation was obtained, identifying three tyrosine ligands that were required for growth on Tf or Lf. Computational modeling of the YfeA homologue, AfeA, revealed conserved residues involved in metal binding.
A systematic literature review on trust in the software ecosystem
Authors: Hou Fang , Jansen Slinger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe worldwide software ecosystem is a trust-rich part of the world. Throughout the software life cycle, software engineers, end-users, and other stakeholders collaboratively place their trust in major hubs in the ecosystem, such as package managers, repository services, and software components. However, as our reliance on software grows, this trust is frequently violated by bad actors and crippling vulnerabilities in the software supply chain. This study aims to define software trust in the worldwide SECO, that is, to determine what signifies a trustworthy system, actor, or hub. We conduct a systematic literature review on the concept of trust in the software ecosystem. We acknowledge that trust is something between two actors in the software ecosystem, and we examine what role trust plays in the relationships between end-users and (1) software products, (2) package managers, (3) software producing organizations, and (4) software engineers. Two major findings emerged from the systematic literature review. To begin, we define trust in the software ecosystem by examining the definition and characteristics of trust. Second, we provide a list of trust factors that can be used to assemble an overview of software trust. Trust is critical in the communication between actors in the worldwide software ecosystem, particularly regarding software selection and evaluation. With this comprehensive overview of trust, software engineering researchers have a new foundation to understand and use trust to create a trustworthy software ecosystem.
Measurement and Correlation of the (p, ρ, T) Behaviour of Liquid R-1243zf at Temperatures from (203 to 293) K and Pressures up to 15 MPa
Authors: Tenardi Liam D. , Frotscher Ophelia , Yang Xiaoxian , Jiao Fuyu , Richter Markus , Stanwix Paul L. , May Eric F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe (p, ρ, T) behaviour of liquid 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1243zf) was investigated in the temperature range from T = (203.23 to 293.72) K at pressures from p = (1.04 to 15.22) MPa utilizing a vibrating-tube densimeter. This work extends measurements of the refrigerant R-1243zf by 109 data points into the low-temperature and high-density region. A physically based and a polynomial model were used to calculate density from the measured values (temperature, pressure and oscillation period). The physically based model was used to present the densities while the polynomial model contributes to the estimate of their uncertainty. The combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be 1.7 kg·m−3. The reference equation of state of R-1243zf as implemented in NIST’s REFPROP 10.0 database deviates from the experimental data up to 2.0 %. To improve upon this representation, a genetic programming based symbolic regression approach was used to correlate data reported in the literature and measured in this work for liquid R-1243zf in the density range between (700 and 1240) kg·m−3. The new density correlation agrees with the experimental data within 0.2 %.
Galileo: Three-dimensional searching in large combinatorial fragment spaces on the example of pharmacophores
Authors: Meyenburg Christian , Dolfus Uschi , Briem Hans , Rarey Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFragment spaces are an efficient way to model large chemical spaces using a handful of small fragments and a few connection rules. The development of Enamine’s REAL Space has shown that large spaces of readily available compounds may be created this way. These are several orders of magnitude larger than previous libraries. So far, searching and navigating these spaces is mostly limited to topological approaches. A way to overcome this limitation is optimization via metaheuristics which can be combined with arbitrary scoring functions. Here we present Galileo, a novel Genetic Algorithm to sample fragment spaces. We showcase Galileo in combination with a novel pharmacophore mapping approach, called Phariety, enabling 3D searches in fragment spaces. We estimate the effectiveness of the approach with a small fragment space. Furthermore, we apply Galileo to two pharmacophore searches in the REAL Space, detecting hundreds of compounds fulfilling a HSP90 and a FXIa pharmacophore.
The Economic Well-Being of Nonresident Fathers and Custodial Mothers Revisited: The Role of Paternal Childcare
Authors: Boll Christina , Schüller Simone 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 1998 to 2018, we investigate the association between paternal childcare and parental economic well-being after separation in Germany. Referring to the post-separation year, we explore a sample of 176 separated couples with resident mothers and nonresident fathers, where fathers differ in their childcare involvement during weekdays. We propose equivalized annual net household income after exchange of alimony and child maintenance payments among the ex-partners as a novel indicator of parental economic well-being. Our study reveals the importance of considering both paid and received alimony, and child maintenance payments in analyzing post-separation economic well-being. Fathers’ childcare engagement during weekdays is not significantly associated with maternal post-separation income. Resident mothers take up the major or even full childcare burden. On the other hand, fathers with non-zero childcare hours manage to combine some paternal engagement with intensified employment. Mothers, however, fail to gain substantial ground on the labor market, which is unlikely to be due to differences in human capital, but rather due to persistently high maternal childcare involvement. We conclude that neither high levels of own resources, nor receiving help with childcare during the week shield resident mothers from economic deterioration after separation.
On the Advantages of Distinguishing Between Predictive and Allocative Fairness in Algorithmic Decision-Making
Authors: Beigang Fabian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe problem of algorithmic fairness is typically framed as the problem of finding a unique formal criterion that guarantees that a given algorithmic decision-making procedure is morally permissible. In this paper, I argue that this is conceptually misguided and that we should replace the problem with two sub-problems. If we examine how most state-of-the-art machine learning systems work, we notice that there are two distinct stages in the decision-making process. First, a prediction of a relevant property is made. Secondly, a decision is taken based (at least partly) on this prediction. These two stages have different aims: the prediction is aimed at accuracy, while the decision is aimed at allocating a given good in a way that maximizes some context-relative utility measure. Correspondingly, two different fairness issues can arise. First, predictions could be biased in discriminatory ways. This means that the predictions contain systematic errors for a specific group of individuals. Secondly, the system’s decisions could result in an allocation of goods that is in tension with the principles of distributive justice. These two fairness issues are distinct problems that require different types of solutions. I here provide a formal framework to address both issues and argue that this way of conceptualizing them resolves some of the paradoxes present in the discussion of algorithmic fairness.
No one stands alone: partnerships for community resilience
Authors: Drakaki Maria , Kovács Gyöngyi , Tzionas Panagiotis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganisations included in social partnerships jointly address the gaps in their society and community. Community-based social partnerships are based on the principles of self-organisation, yet logistically, this can bring many challenges. This study therefore focuses on the logistical aspects of a community-based social partnership in Greece and the contribution of this partnership to community resilience. The role of community-based logistical activities in building community resilience has been studied. An in-depth qualitative study of a particular community-based social partnership was conducted, with interviews across all partner organisations and secondary data from publicly available documents. Logistical activities are performed mainly by the membership base of various non-governmental organisations in a manner of self-organised “collective action”. Interestingly, community resilience refers to a capacity for collective action; hence, organising logistical activities in this fashion ultimately contributes to community resilience.
Phylogenetic distribution of bromophenols in marine algae and the generation of a comprehensive bromophenol database
Authors: Jacobtorweihen Joshua , Spiegler Verena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMarine algae are the source of a plethora of halogenated compounds, in particular brominated phenols, possessing various bioactivities. Since these natural products are typically unavailable commercially, isolation is usually indispensable for biological activity testing. However, targeted isolation may be challenging due to difficulties in identifying desired compounds via high-resolution LC–MS in crude extracts or fractions. While bromophenols have been extensively reviewed regarding their bioactivities, less attention has been given to their distribution and chemotaxonomic relevance among marine algae. Knowledge of the distribution of bromophenols may aid species identification and also point to species containing potentially novel compounds. To facilitate targeted and untargeted isolation of bromophenols from marine algae, an overview of the distribution and chemotaxonomic relevance of algal bromophenols considering recent phylogenetic findings is presented along with key analytical features of bromophenols relevant for mass spectrometric identification. Additionally, a comprehensive database listing brominated phenols from marine algae and their key analytical properties has been constructed.
Tuning photosynthetic oxygen for hydrogen evolution in synergistically integrated, sulfur deprived consortia of Coccomyxa chodatii and Rhodobium gokarnense at dim and high light
Authors: Danial Amal W. , Abdel-Basset R. , Abdel-Kader Huwida A. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, tuning oxygen tension was targeted to improve hydrogen evolution. To achieve such target, various consortia of the chlorophyte Coccomyxa chodatii with a newly isolated photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacterium (PNSB) strain Rhodobium gokarnense were set up, sulfur replete/deprived, malate/acetate fed, bicarbonate/sulfur added at dim/high light. C. chodatii and R. gokarnense are newly introduced to biohydrogen studies for the first time. Dim light was applied to avoid the inhibitory drawbacks of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, values of hydrogen are comparable with high light or even more and thus economically feasible to eliminate the costs of artificial illumination. Particularly, the consortium of 2n− (n = 1.9 × 105 cell/ml, sulfur deprived) demonstrated its perfection for the target, i.e., the highest possible cumulative hydrogen. This consortium exhibited negative photosynthesis, i.e., oxygen uptake in the light. Most hydrogen in consortia is from bacterial origin, although algae evolved much more hydrogen than bacteria on per cell basis, but for only one day (the second 24 h), as kinetics revealed. The higher hydrogen in unibacterial culture or consortia results from higher bacterial cell density (20 times). Consortia evolved more hydrogen than their respective separate cultures, further enhanced when bicarbonate and sulfur were supplemented at higher light. The share of algae relatively increased as bicarbonate or sulfur were added at higher light intensity, i.e., PSII activity partially recovered, resulting in a transient autotrophic hydrogen evolution. The addition of acetic acid in mixture with malic acid significantly enhanced the cumulative hydrogen levels, mostly decreased cellular ascorbic acid indicating less oxidative stress and relief of PSII, relative to malic acid alone. Starch, however, decreased, indicating the specificity of acetic acid. Exudates (reducing sugars, amino acids, and soluble proteins) were detected, indicating mutual utilization. Yet, hydrogen evolution is limited; tuning PSII activity remains a target for sustainable hydrogen production.
Same same but different: how preferential claims trigger valuation discounts in equity tranches of VC-backed firms
Authors: Kaboth Julian , Lodowicks Arnd , Schreiter Maximilian , Schwetzler Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVenture capital (VC) often involves complex equity contracts with so-called preferential rights affecting the allocation of exit proceeds among different share classes and investors. We structure exit-relevant preferential rights in a two-dimensional framework and develop a contingent claims model that allows for ex-ante valuation of separate shareholdings. The model generates insights on the valuation effects of varying setups in VC financing and indicates considerable mispricing potential of VC investments when applying commonly used heuristics such as the most recent funding round. Applying the model to a sample of ventures indicated an average ’overvaluation’ on a per-share basis of $$26.7\%$$

26.7
%

, with common stocks and early-stage investments being the most affected. In addition, our analysis provides different implications regarding the effects of preferential right structuring for early and late stage investors.
Human Flourishing, Wonder, and Education
Authors: Schinkel Anders , Wolbert Lynne , Pedersen Jan B.W. , de Ruyter Doret J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVarious authors see human flourishing as the overarching aim to which education should contribute. We ask whether fosteringwondercan help education attain this aim. We discuss two possibilities: firstly, it may be that having a sense of wonder as adults (possibly fostered by and/or refined due to education) contributes to flourishing itself. Secondly, it may be that fostering wonder in education increases the likelihood that education promotes flourishing, which it might do simply by increasing children’s intrinsic interest in what they learn. We argue that there are many plausible connections between wonder and human flourishing (relating to its epistemic and aesthetic dimensions, among others), and that we have reason to believe that early experiences can influence adults’ capacity for wonder. Furthermore, wonder increases the likelihood that education ‘succeeds’; and it supports people’s ability to live well by heightening their appreciation for the world, helping to uncover baseless beliefs, and increasing their awareness of possible goods. In sum, while having a sense of wonder may not be a constitutive element of human flourishing, it is hard to imagine education for human flourishing that is not also wonder-full education.
Degrees of Objectivity? Mathemata and Social Objects
Authors: Ferreirós José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA down-to-earth admission of abstract objects can be based on detailed explanation of where the objectivity of mathematics comes from, and how a ‘thin’ notion of object emerges from objective mathematical discourse or practices. We offer a sketch of arguments concerning both points, as a basis for critical scrutiny of the idea that mathematical and social objects are essentially of the same kind—which is criticized. Some authors have proposed that mathematical entities are indeed institutional objects, a product of our collective imposition of function onto reality (the phrase comes from Searle) and of surrogation or hypostasis. Yet there are significant disanalogies between the typical social objects andmathemata, on which basis I argue that one should make a clear distinction between both. The comparison of mathematical with social objects helps understanding how non-physical objects can figure prominently in our explanations of reality. Yet mathematical objects have a different kind of cognitive grounding, and the more elementary of them emerge under relatively very simple sociocultural conditions. The differences are also reflected in the wide scope of use of mathematical concepts, and the much higher degree of variation found among social objects. On the basis of all of these features, I defend the thesis that one can significantly distinguish degrees of objectivity, and I use the distinction to articulate a graded ontology where one can locate the different kinds of mathematical and social objects.
Study of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys
Authors: Elshaer Ramadan N. , Ibrahim Khaled M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNi-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys were cast as ingots using vacuum arc remelting furnace. The microstructure of as-cast Ni-Ti alloy consists of NiTi matrix as well as Ti2Ni dendrites. As-cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy revealed a structure composed of equiaxed β grains and varied α-phase morphologies. Ti-6Al-4V alloy registered maximum ultimate compressive strength of 2042 MPa, and also reported large reduction in height (18%). However, Ni-Ti alloy showed minimum ultimate compressive strength of 1804 MPa and low reduction in height (3%). The wear rate of both as-cast Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys significantly increased with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) condition compared to the dry testing condition. Saline solution harmed the wear resistance by about 2-4 times compared to the dry conditions. The corrosion rate of Ti-6Al-4V in saline solution (0.9% NaCl) was 0.000171 mm/yr which is almost half the value of Ni-Ti alloy (0.00038 mm/yr).