bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the star-forming main sequence considering the nebular continuum emission at low-z
Authors: Miranda Henrique , Pappalardo Ciro , Papaderos Polychronis , Afonso José , Matute Israel , Lobo Catarina , Paulino-Afonso Ana , Carvajal Rodrigo , Lorenzoni Silvio , Santos Duarte 
Published: November 2022

Context. Galaxy evolution has been studied by interpreting the spectral energy distribution of galaxies using spectral synthesis codes. This method has been crucial in discovering different pillars of modern galaxy evolution theories. However, this analysis was mostly carried out using spectral synthesis codes that are purely stellar, that is, they assume that the nebular contribution to the total continuum is negligible. The code FADO is the first publicly available population spectral synthesis tool that treats the contribution from ionised gas to the observed emission self-consistently. This is expected to have a particularly strong effect in star-forming (SF) galaxies.
Aims. We study the impact of the nebular contribution on the determination of the star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, and consequent effect on the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) at low redshift.
Methods. We applied FADO to the spectral database of the SDSS to derive the physical properties of galaxies. As a comparison, we used the data in the MPA-JHU catalogue, which contains the properties of SDSS galaxies derived without the nebular contribution. We selected a sample of SF galaxies with Hα and Hβ flux measurements, and we corrected the fluxes for the nebular extinction through the Balmer decrement. We then calculated the Hα luminosity to estimate the SFR. Then, by combining the stellar mass and SFR estimates from FADO and MPA-JHU, the SFMS was obtained.
Results. The Hα flux estimates are similar between FADO and MPA-JHU. Because the Hα flux was used as tracer of the SFR, FADO and MPA-JHU agree in their SFR. The stellar mass estimates are slightly higher for FADO than for MPA-JHU on average. However, considering the uncertainties, the differences are negligible. With similar SFR and stellar mass estimates, the derived SFMS is also similar between FADO and MPA-JHU.
Conclusions. Our results show that for SDSS normal SF galaxies, the additional modelling of the nebular contribution does not affect the retrieved fluxes and consequentially also does not influence SFR estimators based on the extinction-corrected Hα luminosity. For the stellar masses, the results point to the same conclusion. These results are a consequence of the fact that the vast majority of normal SF galaxies in the SDSS have a low nebular contribution. However, the obtained agreement might only hold for local SF galaxies, but higher-redshift galaxies might show different physical properties when FADO is used. This would then be an effect of the expected increased nebular contribution.
Decomposition of galactic X-ray emission with PHOX
Authors: Vladutescu-Zopp S. , Biffi V. , Dolag K. 
Published: November 2022

Context.X-ray observations of galaxies with high spatial resolution instruments such asChandrahave revealed that major contributions to their diffuse emission originate from X-ray-bright point sources in the galactic stellar field. It has been established that these point sources, called X-ray binaries, are accreting compact objects with stellar donors in a binary configuration. They are classified according to the predominant accretion process: wind-fed in the case of high-mass donors and Roche-lobe mass transfer in the case of low-mass donors. Observationally, it is challenging to reliably disentangle these two populations from each other because of their similar spectra.Aims.We provide a numerical framework with which spatially and spectrally accurate representations of X-ray binary populations can be studied from hydrodynamical cosmological simulations. We construct average spectra, accounting for a hot gas component, and verify the emergence of observed scaling relations between galaxy-wide X-ray luminosity (LX) and stellar mass (M*) and betweenLXand the star-formation rate (SFR).Methods.Using simulated galaxy halos extracted from the (48 h−1 cMpc)3volume of the Magneticum Pathfinder cosmological simulations atz = 0.07, we generate mock spectra with the X-ray photon-simulator PHOX. We extend the PHOXcode to account for the stellar component in the simulation and study the resulting contribution in composite galactic spectra.Results.Well-known X-ray binary scaling relations with galactic SFR andM*emerge self-consistently, verifying our numerical approach. Average X-ray luminosity functions are perfectly reproduced up to the one-photon luminosity limit. Comparing our resultingLX − SFR − M*relation for X-ray binaries with recent observations of field galaxies in the Virgo galaxy cluster, we find significant overlap. Invoking a metallicity-dependent model for high-mass X-ray binaries yields an anticorrelation between mass-weighted stellar metallicity and SFR-normalized luminosity. The spatial distribution of high-mass X-ray binaries coincides with star-formation regions of simulated galaxies, while low-mass X-ray binaries follow the stellar mass surface density. X-ray binary emission is the dominant contribution in the hard X-ray band (2–10 keV) in the absence of an actively accreting central super-massive black hole, and it provides a ∼50% contribution in the soft X-ray band (0.5–2 keV), rivaling the hot gas component.Conclusions.We conclude that our modeling remains consistent with observations despite the uncertainties connected to our approach. The predictive power and easily extendable framework hold great value for future investigations of galactic X-ray spectra.
Renale Denervation bei arterieller Hypertonie
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: November 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTrotz vieler verfügbarer blutdrucksenkender Medikamente sowie nichtinterventioneller Maßnahmen stellt die Blutdruckeinstellung bei einer relevant hohen Anzahl von Patienten eine größere Herausforderung dar. Die Gründe sind sehr vielfältig. Deshalb werden neue Konzepte gebraucht, um den Blutdruck nachhaltig zu beeinflussen und folglich auch das kardiovaskuläre Risiko entsprechend zu senken. Dazu wurde vor über 10 Jahren erstmalig die minimalinvasive Ablation der sympathischen Nierennerven im Bereich der Nierenarterien in Pilotstudien als eine potenzielle längerfristige Blutdruckbehandlung präsentiert. Nach initial großen Hoffnungen konnte mittlerweile in kleineren randomisierten Studien mit Scheininterventionen gezeigt werden, dass die renale Sympathikusablation einen moderaten blutdrucksenkenden Effekt hat. In der vorliegenden Zusammenfassung wird der aktuelle Stand zu den interventionellen Verfahren zusammengefasst und auch der mögliche Nutzen für den Patienten diskutiert.
Usability and Utility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Clinical Decision Support to Increase Knowledge and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiations among Pediatric Providers
Authors: Chan Carrie T. , Carlson Jennifer , Lee Tzielan , Vo Megen , Nasr Annette , Hart-Cooper Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives An effective clinical decision support system (CDSS) may address the current provider training barrier to offering preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to youth at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study evaluated change in provider knowledge and the likelihood to initiate PrEP after exposure to a PrEP CDSS. A secondary objective explored perceived provider utility of the CDSS and suggestions for improving CDSS effectiveness.
Methods This was a prospective study using survey responses from a convenience sample of pediatric providers who launched the interruptive PrEP CDSS when ordering an HIV test. McNemar's test evaluated change in provider PrEP knowledge and likelihood to initiate PrEP. Qualitative responses on CDSS utility and suggested improvements were analyzed using framework analysis and were connected to quantitative analysis elements using the merge approach.
Results Of the 73 invited providers, 43 had available outcome data and were included in the analysis. Prior to using the CDSS, 86% of participants had never been prescribed PrEP. Compared to before CDSS exposure, there were significant increases in the proportion of providers who were knowledgeable about PrEP (p = 0.0001), likely to prescribe PrEP (p < 0.0001) and likely to refer their patient for PrEP (p < 0.0001). Suggestions for improving the CDSS included alternative “triggers” for the CDSS earlier in visit workflows, having a noninterruptive CDSS, additional provider educational materials, access to patient-facing PrEP materials, and additional CDSS support for adolescent confidentiality and navigating financial implications of PrEP.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that an interruptive PrEP CDSS attached to HIV test orders can be an effective tool to increase knowledge and likelihood to initiate PrEP among pediatric providers. Continual improvement of the PrEP CDSS based on provider feedback is required to optimize usability, effectiveness, and adoption. A highly usable PrEP CDSS may be a powerful tool to close the gap in youth PrEP access and uptake.
Insulin for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperglycemia in Premature Infants: Prevalence over Time and Association with Outcomes
Authors: Titchiner Daniela , Hornik Chi , Benjamin Robert , Tolia Veeral , Smith P Brian , Greenberg Rachel G. 
Published: November 2022

Objective Our objective was to determine the prevalence of insulin treatment in premature infants with hyperglycemia and evaluate the association of length of treatment with outcomes.
Study Design The study included cohort of 29,974 infants 22 to 32 weeks gestational age (GA) admitted to over 300 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 1997 to 2018 and diagnosed with hyperglycemia.
Results Use of insulin significantly decreased during the study period (p = 0.002) among studied NICUs. The percentage of hyperglycemic infants exposed to insulin ranged from 0 to 81%. Infants who received insulin were more likely to have lower GA, birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score, longer duration of stay, and require mechanical ventilation. After adjustment for GA, infants requiring insulin for >14 days were more likely to have treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and develop chronic lung disease (CLD). Insulin treatment of 1 to 7 days had increased odds of death, death/ROP, and death/CLD compared with no exposure.
Conclusion Insulin use decreased over time, and differing durations of use were associated with adverse outcomes.
Key Points
Definition of a Practical Taxonomy for Referencing Data Quality Problems in Health Care Databases
Authors: Quindroit Paul , Fruchart Mathilde , Degoul Samuel , Perichon Renaud , Martignène Niels , Soula Julien , Marcilly Romaric , Lamer Antoine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction Health care information systems can generate and/or record huge volumes of data, some of which may be reused for research, clinical trials, or teaching. However, these databases can be affected by data quality problems; hence, an important step in the data reuse process consists in detecting and rectifying these issues. With a view to facilitating the assessment of data quality, we developed a taxonomy of data quality problems in operational databases.
Material We searched the literature for publications that mentioned “data quality problems,” “data quality taxonomy,” “data quality assessment,” or “dirty data.” The publications were then reviewed, compared, summarized, and structured using a bottom-up approach, to provide an operational taxonomy of data quality problems. The latter were illustrated with fictional examples (though based on reality) from clinical databases.
Results Twelve publications were selected, and 286 instances of data quality problems were identified and were classified according to six distinct levels of granularity. We used the classification defined by Oliveira et al to structure our taxonomy. The extracted items were grouped into 53 data quality problems.
Discussion This taxonomy facilitated the systematic assessment of data quality in databases by presenting the data's quality according to their granularity. The definition of this taxonomy is the first step in the data cleaning process. The subsequent steps include the definition of associated quality assessment methods and data cleaning methods.
Conclusion Our new taxonomy enabled the classification and illustration of 53 data quality problems found in hospital databases.
Research on a step delay method in sequential equivalent time sampling (ETS)
Authors: Li Haitao , Li Binkang , Lv Zongjing , Chen Yanli 
Published: November 2022

Sequential equivalent time sampling (ETS) has been extensively used in data acquisition instruments (e.g., sampling oscilloscopes and time domain reflectometers). A novel step delay method is proposed based on the frequency difference to obtain a higher sampling rate in sequential ETS. It is different from the classic step delay methods and is capable of increasing the sampling rate. The sampling clock and the repetitive signal are taken as examples in this study. The time–frequency conversion relationship indicates that a fine step delay will be generated in the time domain if there is a frequency difference between the two in the frequency domain. The core of the proposed method is the selection of the appropriate frequency difference (step delay) according to the desired equivalent sampling rate. Two experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified using a digital storage oscilloscope. Four cases are examined in the experiment, and the final equivalent sampling rate is obtained as 5 PS/s for the equivalent sampling of a 4.999 995 GHz (or higher) signal. A data acquisition system with a 10 MS/s real-time sampling rate is designed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, obtaining a theoretical equivalent sampling rate of 585 GS/s. The theoretical equivalent sampling rate and the examined equivalent sampling rate are consistent. The equivalent sampling waveform and real-time sampling waveform of a 1 GHz signal are compared, and the comparison result suggests that the proposed method can acquire more waveform information. The proposed method obtains a high equivalent sampling rate for repetitive signals, and techniques (e.g., oversampling) are given to obtain higher vertical resolution. The proposed method, combined with a sample-and-hold amplifier, can also achieve a higher analog bandwidth.
Directed delivery of terahertz frequency radiation from quantum cascade lasers within a dry 3He dilution refrigerator
Authors: Vaughan M. , Michailow W. , Salih M. , Li L. , Beere H. , Ritchie D. A. , Linfield E. H. , Davies A. G. , Cunningham J. E. 
Published: November 2022

We present a scheme for the full integration of terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) within a dilution refrigerator in order to provide a directed delivery of THz power into the sample space. We describe a successful operation of a 2.68 THz QCL located on the pulse tube cooler stage of the refrigerator, with its output coupled onto a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) located on a milli-kelvin sample stage via hollow metal waveguides and Hysol thermal isolators, achieving a total loss from QCL to the sample of ∼−9 dB. The thermal isolators limit heat leaks to the sample space, with a base temperature of ∼210 mK being achieved. We observe cyclotron resonance (CR) induced in the 2DEG by the QCL and explore the heating impact of the QCL on all stages of the refrigerator. The CR effect induced by the THz QCL is observable at electron temperatures as low as ∼430 mK. The results show a viable route for the exploitation of THz QCLs within the environment of a dilution refrigerator and for the THz power delivery in very low-temperature (&lt;0.5 K) condensed matter experiments.
Spatial constraints and seasonal conditions but not poaching pressure are linked with elevated faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in white rhino
Authors: Nhleko Zoliswa N. , Ganswindt Andre , Ferreira Sam M. , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: November 2022

Context Due to considerable declines in African wildlife populations, most large African mammals are managed inside protected areas. Protected areas come in various sizes, and have different environmental features, climates and management strategies (i.e. ‘hands-on’ or ‘hands-off’) that can influence an animals’ homeostasis. White rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum) are found almost exclusively within protected areas where population sizes are driven by natural factors and poaching pressures. Aims Our aim was to understand the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on the adrenocortical response of white rhinos within three protected areas. Specifically, we wanted to understand how poaching pressure, protected area size (<500 km2), season (wet and dry) and rainfall patterns were responsible for driving adrenocortical activity in white rhino. Methods To understand the relationship between rhino adrenocortical responses and different environmental and anthropogenic stressors, we quantified glucocorticoid metabolites in faecal samples (fGCM) collected from four populations within three protected areas (i.e. two small parks, one big park) during the wet and dry seasons. Key results We found differences in seasonal fGCM concentrations, with a 42% increase during the dry season, and no differences in fGCM concentrations between the high and low poaching areas. Additionally, we found fGCM concentrations in samples from the small parks were respectively 38% and 42% higher than in samples from the large park during both the dry and wet seasons compared. Conclusions Our results suggest that white rhinos may experience physiological stress in smaller parks, especially during the dry season when resources are limited. Implications By mitigating stress associated with reduced access to resources and spatial constraints, managers may better promote the viability of large mammals in small protected areas.
Surprise machines
Authors: Rodighiero Dario , Derry Lins , Duhaime Douglas , Kruguer Jordan , Mueller Maximilian C. , Pietsch Christopher , Schnapp Jeffrey T. , Steward Jeff , metaLAB  
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Surprise Machines is a project of experimental museology that
sets out to visualize the entire image collection of the Harvard Art Museums,
with a view to opening up unexpected vistas on more than 200,000 objects usually
inaccessible to visitors. The project is part of the exhibition organized by
metaLAB (at) Harvard entitled Curatorial A(i)gents and explores the limits of
artificial intelligence to display a large set of images and create surprise
among visitors. To achieve this feeling of surprise, a choreographic interface
was designed to connect the audience’s movement with several unique views of the
collection.
The representation of migrant identities in UK Government documents about Brexit
Authors: Parnell Tamsin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the English worldview, “not all immigrants are created equal” (Henderson and Wyn Jones 2021: 91). This paper provides support for the above statement by employing key semantic domain analysis (Rayson 2008) and CDA to answer the research question: How are EU and extra-EU migrants constructed in Brexit-related UK Government documents published between 2016 and 2019? The analysis demonstrates that extra-EU migrants are constructed as a threat that requires UK-EU unity. At the same time, the government’s grammatical and linguistic strategies discursively exclude EU migrants from the British public. The study argues that a neoliberal construction of the acceptable EU migrant erases the identities of migrant workers in so-called “unskilled” roles and foreshadows the social exclusion of these groups brought about by the UK’s post-Brexit immigration system. The paper concludes that the documents problematise Britain’s “tolerant nation” rhetoric and threaten to weaken feelings of belonging to the UK among migrants.
Gaussian curvature of spherical shells: a geometric measure of complexity
Authors: Singh Sayuri , Baboolal Dharmanand , Goswami Rituparno , Maharaj Sunil D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider a semitetrad covariant decomposition of spherically symmetric spacetimes, and find a governing hyperbolic equation for the Gaussian curvature of two dimensional spherical shells, that emerges from the decomposition. The restoration factor of this hyperbolic travelling wave equation allows us to construct a geometric measure of complexity. This measure depends critically on the Gaussian curvature, and we demonstrate this geometric connection to complexity for the first time. We illustrate the utility of this measure by classifying well known spherically symmetric metrics with different matter distributions. We also define an order structure on the set of all spherically symmetric spacetimes, according to their complexity and physical properties.
On the structural and magnetic properties of Al-rich high entropy alloys: a joint experimental-theoretical study
Authors: Dastanpour Esmat , Huang Shuo , Schönecker Stephan , Mao Huahai , Ström Valter , Eriksson Olle , Varga Lajos Károly , Vitos Levente 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work investigates how the vanadium (V) content in a series of Al50V
x
(Cr0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)(50−x) (x = 12.5, 6.5, 3.5, and 0.5 at.%) high-entropy alloys affects the local magnetic moment and magnetic transition temperature as a step towards developing high-entropy functional materials for magnetic refrigeration. This has been achieved by carrying out experimental investigations on induction melted alloys and comparison to ab initio and thermodynamic calculations. Structural characterization by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicates a dual-phase microstructure containing a disordered body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and a B2 phase with long-range order, which significantly differ in the Co and V contents. Ab initio calculations demonstrate a weaker magnetization and lower magnetic transition temperature (T
C) of the BCC phase in comparison with the B2 phase. We find that lower V content increases the B2 phase fraction, the saturation magnetization, and the Curie point, in line with the calculations. This trend is primarily connected with the preferential partition of V in the BCC phase, which however hinders the theoretically predicted antiferromagnetic B2 phase stabilizing effect of V. On the other hand, the chemistry-dependent properties of the ferromagnetic B2 phase suggest that a careful tuning of the composition and phase fractions can open the way towards promising high-entropy magnetic materials.
A type-II NGyne/GaSe heterostructure with high carrier mobility and tunable electronic properties for photovoltaic application
Authors: Zeng Liru , Zhang Siyu , Yao Linwei , Bi Zhisong , Zhang Yanni , Kang Peng , Yan Junfeng , Zhang Zhiyong , Yun Jiangni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The two-dimensional heterostructures with type-II band alignment and super-high carrier mobility offer an updated perspective for photovoltaic devices. Here, based on the first-principles calculation, a novel vertical NGyne/GaSe heterostructure with an intrinsic type-II band alignment, super-high carrier mobility (104 cm2 V−1 s−1), and strong visible to ultraviolet light absorption (104–105 cm−1) is constructed. We investigate the electronic structure and the interfacial properties of the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure under electric field and strain. The band offsets and band gap of the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure can be regulated under applied vertical electric field and strain efficiently. Further study reveals that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure is vastly improved under a negative electric field and reaches up to 25.09%. Meanwhile, near-free electron states are induced under a large applied electric field, leading to the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure transform from semiconductors to metal. Our results indicate that the NGyne/GaSe heterostructure will have extremely potential in optoelectronic devices, especially solar cells.