bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe hyperferremia and hyperferritinemia in a dog with precursor‐directed immune‐mediated anemia
Authors: Zersen Kristin M. , Gregory Carly W. , Jeffries Christina M. , Olver Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 4‐year‐old dog was evaluated at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for lethargy and hyporexia of 24 hours duration. On presentation, she had a marked normocytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia (HCT 14%; RI 40–55). Her serum iron concentration (1651 μg/dL; RI 73–245) and serum ferritin concentration (1337 ng/mL; RI 89–489) were markedly elevated. Bone marrow aspirate and core biopsy were consistent with a diagnosis of precursor‐directed immune‐mediate anemia. To the authors' knowledge, these are the highest reported serum iron and ferritin concentrations in a patient with precursor‐directed immune‐mediate anemia. The iron concentration improved significantly after treatment, supporting the theory that the hyperferremia was due to hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis.
A Priori Denoising Strategies for Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: A Comparative Study
Authors: Cortiella Alexandre , Park K. C. , Doostan Alireza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, identification of nonlinear dynamical systems from data has become increasingly popular. Sparse regression approaches, such as Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy), fostered the development of novel governing equation identification algorithms assuming the state variables are known {\it a priori} and the governing equations lend themselves to sparse, linear expansions in a (nonlinear) basis of the state variables. In the context of the identification of governing equations of nonlinear dynamical systems, one faces the problem of identifiability of model parameters when state measurements are corrupted by noise. Measurement noise affects the stability of the recovery process yielding incorrect sparsity patterns and inaccurate estimation of coefficients of the governing equations. In this work, we investigate and compare the performance of several local and global smoothing techniques to {\it a priori} denoise the state measurements and numerically estimate the state time-derivatives to improve the accuracy and robustness of two sparse regression methods to recover governing equations: Sequentially Thresholded Least Squares (STLS) and Weighted Basis Pursuit Denoising (WBPDN) algorithms. We empirically show that, in general, global methods, which use the entire measurement data set, outperform local methods, which employ a neighboring data subset around a local point. We additionally compare Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) and Pareto curve criteria as model selection techniques to automatically estimate near optimal tuning parameters, and conclude that Pareto curves yield better results. The performance of the denoising strategies and sparse regression methods is empirically evaluated through well-known benchmark problems of nonlinear dynamical systems.
Poincaré Plot Features and Statistical Features From Current and Vibration Signals for Fault Severity Classification of Helical Gear Tooth Breaks
Authors: Peña Mario , Cerrada Mariela , Medina Rubén , Cabrera Diego , Sánchez René Vinicio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Most of the approaches of feature extraction for data-driven rotating machinery fault diagnosis assume characteristics of periodicity and seasonality typically inherent to linear signals obtained from different sensors. Nevertheless, the behavior of rotating machinery is not necessarily linear when a failure occurs. Thus, new techniques based on the theory of chaos and nonlinear systems are needed to extract proper features of signals. This article introduces the use of features extracted from the Poincaré plot (PP), which are computed over vibration and current signals measured on a gearbox powered by an induction motor. A comparison between the performance of classic statistical features and PP features is developed by applying feature analysis based on analysis of varaince (ANOVA) and cluster validity assessment to rank and select the subset of best features. K-nearest-neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to test the performance of the selected feature set for fault severity classification. The use of PP for the analysis of nonlinear, nonperiodic signals is not new; however, its application in mechanical systems is not widely extended. Our contribution aims at highlighting the use of the PP features, supported by data collected from a test bed under real conditions of speed and load, to proof the potential application of this approach. The results show that PP features extracted from the current signal yields 96% of classification accuracy when using at least 11 features.
Design of Curved Annular Diffusers II: Using Splitter Blades
Authors: Kuchana Vinayender , Balakrishnan N. , Srinivasan Balamurugan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of splitter blade as a passive flow control mechanism in the design of separation free aggressive annular diffuser is explored through computational fluid dynamics simulations. The fundamental working principle of a splitter blade in case of a two-dimensional rectangular diffuser and an annular diffuser is discussed. The effects of splitter blade configuration on the end-wall adverse pressure gradients are discussed. An aggressive diffuser design space is identified with ducts of maximum slope of 50 deg and maximum divergence angle between the outer and inner walls of 10 deg for axial-length to inlet height ratio ranging from 1.25 to 2.5. One or more splitter blades are employed in the duct to eliminate flow separation for all the ducts in the aggressive design space considered. Requirement of number of splitter blades in the aggressive design space is demarcated. Performance charts for the ducts in this aggressive design space are also established.
A Novel Approach for Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Mean Wind Loads on Heliostats
Authors: Durán R.L. , Hinojosa J.F. , Sosa-Flores P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics study about the aerodynamic loads over a heliostat due to an atmospheric boundary layer flow using a modified k–ɛ turbulence model is presented. A new formulation is used, in which the model quantities vary with the velocity field. Modified wall functions for roughness were used at the bottom of the computational domain to achieve horizontal homogeneity of the airflow. Good horizontal homogeneity for the streamwise and spanwise velocity and turbulence intensity profiles were found. The incident profiles were compared with the inlet ones. The average percentage differences were 0.22% for velocity and 0.43% for turbulent intensity. Good agreement was found between the numerical data and theoretical values of the streamwise and spanwise shear stress at the bottom of the domain. The aerodynamic coefficients of the heliostat at different elevation angles were obtained, and a good agreement was found between the numerical data concerning the wind tunnel experimental values. An average percentage difference of 3.1% was found for drag, 6.5% for lift, and 6.0% for overturning. A significant improvement was obtained by using this new formulation with respect to a non-modified k–ɛ turbulence model. The average differences of the aerodynamic coefficients were 6.6% for drag, 12.4% for lift, and 10.1% for overturning. The velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and pressure fields at different elevation angles were analyzed. It was found that at an elevation of 60 deg, the stagnation point of the flow occurs at the superior edge of the heliostat, causing the maximum lift force over the structure.
Effect on Wear Performance of ZrO2 Amount of 316L Stainless Steel Matrix Composites Produced by a Mechanical Alloying Method
Authors: Simsek Dogan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the wear performances of ZrO2 reinforced 316L stainless steel matrix composite materials. The 316L matrix was mechanically alloyed by adding three different amounts (1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%) of ZrO2 for 60 min. Mechanically alloyed powders were shaped through a uniaxial hydraulic press under 800 MPa pressure, and thus, green compacts in Ø12 × 6 mm dimensions were produced. The green compacts produced were sintered at 1300 °C in a vacuum environment of 10−6 mbar for 2 h. Sintered composites were characterized by hardness and density measurements and microstructure studies. The wear tests were carried out under ASTM G99-05 standards through a pin-on-disc wear test device, exerting three different loads (10 N, 20 N, and 30 N) and using four different sliding distances (500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, and 2000 m). As a result of the studies, it was observed that the reinforcement material (ZrO2), added to the matrix, was positioned at the grain boundaries. As the amount of reinforcement within the matrix increased, the hardness of the composites increased while their densities decreased. In the wear test results, on the other hand, the increase in the amount of reinforcement decreased the weight loss. As for the wear surfaces, the abrasive wear mechanism was dominant.
High-Temperature Wear Behavior of CoCr Matrix Coatings Reinforced by Niobium Element From Room Temperature to 1000 °C
Authors: Cui Gongjun , Li Fangzhou , Bian Canxing , Gao Guijun , Kou Ziming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The high-temperature wear resistant CoCr matrix coatings reinforced by the Nb element were fabricated on the Inconel 718 alloy by using the hot-pressed sintered method. The effects of Nb on the microstructure, hardness, and high-temperature tribological performance of coatings are also investigated in detail, and Nb content was further optimized. The tribological properties were investigated by using a ball-on-disk tribo-tester at 23 °C (room temperature), 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. The results showed that the Nb element showed the solution strengthening effect and particle strengthening effect. The Nb greatly affected the tribological performance of the coatings. With the increase of Nb content, the wear-rate and friction coefficient initially decreased and then increased. There was a critical value of Nb content for the high-temperature wear behavior of coatings. The coating with 5.0 wt% Nb kept the best tribological properties compared with other specimens, and the wear resistance was 1.4–29 times as high as that of the substrate. It was attributed to the high hardness, high load-bearing capacity of the Nb-rich phases, and oxide lubricating film on the worn surfaces. The corresponding wear mechanism was discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Transient Wheel-Rail Rolling/Slipping Contact Behaviors
Authors: Deng Xiangyun , Ni Yi-Qing , Liu Xiubo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wheel slips often produce wheel/rail damage, threatening the operation safety, and increasing the maintenance cost of contact-type railways. To understand the characteristics of wheel slips for further development of more accurate slip protection methods, this study employs a validated explicit finite element (FE) method to evaluate the transient wheel-rail rolling/slipping contact behaviors. The contact during the traction of the wheel from both standstill status and moving status is focused. Friction and traction coefficients are the two most crucial factors affecting the wheel slips. Conditions of partial and full slips within the contact patch are determined by setting different combinations of the traction and friction coefficients. The contact behaviors including stick-slip, partial slip, full slip, surface stress, and wear are studied. It is revealed that wheel slips may occur not only in the case where the traction coefficient exceeds the limiting value, but also when being slightly smaller. As a consequence, wheel slips can produce much larger wear-rate. This study provides an insight into the wheel slipping/spinning mechanism and theoretical guidance for the development of more accurate control methods of wheel slips.
Characterizing Lumbar Spine Kinematics and Kinetics During Simulated Low-Speed Rear Impact Collisions
Authors: Fewster Kayla M. , Zehr Jackie D. , Gooyers Chad E. , Parkinson Robert J. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Recent work has demonstrated that low back pain is a common complaint following low-speed collisions. Despite frequent pain reporting, no studies involving human volunteers have been completed to examine the exposures in the lumbar spine during low-speed rear impact collisions. Methods: Twenty-four participants were recruited and a custom-built crash sled simulated rear impact collisions, with a change in velocity of 8 km/h. Randomized collisions were completed with and without lumbar support. Inverse dynamics analyses were conducted, and outputs were used to generate estimates of peak L4/L5 joint compression and shear. Results: Average (SD) peak L4/L5 compression and shear reaction forces were not significantly different without lumbar support (compression = 498.22 N [178.0 N]; shear = 302.2 N [98.5 N]) compared to with lumbar support (compression = 484.5 N [151.1 N]; shear = 291.3 N [176.8 N]). Lumbar flexion angle at the time of peak shear was 36° (12°) without and 33° (11°) with lumbar support. Conclusion: Overall, the estimated reaction forces were 14% and 30% of existing National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health occupational exposure limits for compression and shear during repeated lifting, respectively. Findings also demonstrate that, during a laboratory collision simulation, lumbar support does not significantly influence the total estimated L4/L5 joint reaction force.
Total Testosterone and Cortisol During Wheelchair Rugby Training in Athletes With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Stieler Eduardo , Costa Varley Teoldo da , Cruz Aline Ângela Silva , Rosa João Paulo Pereira , Lôbo Ingrid LudImilla Bastos , Romão Julia , Esteves Andrea Maculano , de Mello Marco Tulio , Silva Andressa 
Published: May 2022

Context: Hormonal assessment in the sport context is important to monitor the physiological adaptations of athletes. However, Paralympic athletes, especially with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI), may have different hormonal responses than nondisabled athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the blood concentrations of total testosterone (TT) and cortisol (C) during acute (one training session) and chronic (1 and 2 month) training of athletes with CSCI in wheelchair rugby (WCR). Design: Longitudinal and observational study. Methods: Eight high-performance athletes with CSCI (31 [3.9] y; 75.6 [15.8] kg; 22.9 [4.2] kg/m2 body mass index; 6.2 [2] y of experience in sport) were evaluated at 3 different intervals (evaluations 1, 2, and 3 [E1, E2, and E3]) over 2 months of training. TT and C blood were evaluated before (pre) and after (post) the training sessions at each training moment, as well as the training load through the ratings of perceived exertion. Results: Athletes with CSCI had low TT concentrations. In acute training sessions, at E3, C decreases after the training session, unlike the TT/C ratio, which increased after the session. Regarding hormonal changes during chronic training at the end of the training period, unlike C, which increased. The training load (arbitrary units) decreased in E3 when compared with the other evaluation moments. Conclusion: It was concluded that in chronic training, TT concentrations decreased, while C increased at the end of the 2 months of training. These results may indicate that training volume was high throughout training and that a reduction in training volume could benefit athletes. On the other hand, in the acute training session with reduced training load, a decrease in C was observed after the training session. This indicates that athletes may be well recovered in this training session. Therefore, we suggest acute and long-term hormonal assessment for athletes with CSCI as a strategy to monitor anabolic/catabolic hormonal status during WCR training.
Classification of tic disorders based on functional MRI by machine learning: a study protocol
Authors: Wang Fang , Wen Fang , Liu Jingran , Yan Junjuan , Yu Liping , Li Ying , Cui Yonghua 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionTic disorder (TD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, and it can be categorised into three subtypes: provisional tic disorder (PTD), chronic motor or vocal TD (CMT or CVT), and Tourette syndrome (TS). An early diagnostic classification among these subtypes is not possible based on a new-onset tic symptom. Machine learning tools have been widely used for early diagnostic classification based on functional MRI (fMRI). However, few machine learning models have been built for the diagnostic classification of patients with TD. Therefore, in the present study, we will provide a study protocol that uses the machine learning model to make early classifications of the three different types of TD.Methods and analysisWe planned to recruit 200 children aged 6–9 years with new-onset tic symptoms and 100 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls under resting-state MRI scanning. Based on the neuroimaging data of resting-state fMRI, the support vector machine (SVM) model will be built. We planned to construct an SVM model based on functional connectivity for the early diagnosis classification of TD subtypes (including PTD, CMT/CVT, TS).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Children’s Hospital. The trial results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000033257.
A Phase II trial of Higher RadiOtherapy Dose In The Eradication of early rectal cancer (APHRODITE): protocol for a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hudson Eleanor M , Noutch Samantha , Brown Sarah , Adapala Ravi , Bach Simon P , Burnett Carole , Burrage Alwyn , Gilbert Alexandra , Hawkins Maria , Howard Debra , Jefford Monica , Kochhar Rohit , Saunders Mark , Seligmann Jenny , Smith Alexandra , Teo Mark , Webb Edward JD , Webster Amanda , West Nicholas , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gollins Simon , Appelt Ane L 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe standard of care for patients with localised rectal cancer is radical surgery, often combined with preoperative neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. While oncologically effective, this treatment strategy is associated with operative mortality risks, significant morbidity and stoma formation. An alternative approach is chemoradiotherapy to try to achieve a sustained clinical complete response (cCR). This non-surgical management can be attractive, particularly for patients at high risk of surgical complications. Modern radiotherapy techniques allow increased treatment conformality, enabling increased radiation dose to the tumour while reducing dose to normal tissue. The objective of this trial is to assess if radiotherapy dose escalation increases the cCR rate, with acceptable toxicity, for treatment of patients with early rectal cancer unsuitable for radical surgery.Methods and analysisAPHRODITE (A Phase II trial of Higher RadiOtherapy Dose In The Eradication of early rectal cancer) is a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled phase II trial aiming to recruit 104 participants from 10 to 12 UK sites. Participants will be allocated with a 2:1 ratio of intervention:control. The intervention is escalated dose radiotherapy (62 Gy to primary tumour, 50.4 Gy to surrounding mesorectum in 28 fractions) using simultaneous integrated boost. The control arm will receive 50.4 Gy to the primary tumour and surrounding mesorectum. Both arms will use intensity-modulated radiotherapy and daily image guidance, combined with concurrent chemotherapy (capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin or omitted). The primary endpoint is the proportion of participants with cCR at 6 months after start of treatment. Secondary outcomes include early and late toxicities, time to stoma formation, overall survival and patient-reported outcomes (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29, low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) questionnaire).Ethics and disseminationThe trial obtained ethical approval from North West Greater Manchester East Research Ethics Committee (reference number 19/NW/0565) and is funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research. The final trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and adhere to International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidelines.Trial registration numberISRCTN16158514.
Randomised controlled trials on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in African countries: a systematic review
Authors: Sandholzer-Yilmaz Angelika Sabine , Kroeber Eric Sven , Ayele Wondimu , Frese T , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Unverzagt Susanne 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases leads to novel challenges in African health systems. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing dramatically. Undiagnosed and undertreated DM leads to numerous complications including end-organ damage and death. Our objectives were to collect the best locally generated evidence on DM interventions, identify knowledge gaps and determine underexplored research areas.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Participants and settingAfrican patients in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, diagnosis and treatment DM type 1 (DM1), type 2 (DM2) and gestational DM (GDM).OutcomeAll-cause mortality, glycaemic control, complications, quality of life, hospital admission, treatment adherence and costs.Data sourcesArticles published in MEDLINE Ovid, CENTRAL, CINAHL, African Journals Online and African Index Medicus and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform in English language without time restrictions. The systematic search was last updated in October 2020.ResultsOut of 3736 identified publications, we included 60 eligible studies conducted in 15 countries, 75% were conducted in urban healthcare settings, including 10 112 participants. We included 8 studies on DM1, 6 on GDM, 2 on pre-DM, 37 on mainly DM2 including 7 on DM-related complications. The design of the studied intervention was heterogeneous with a focus on educational strategies. The other studies investigated the efficacy of nutritional strategies including food supplementations, pharmacological strategies and strategies to enhance physical activity. Seven studies included interventions on DM-related complications.ConclusionsResearch activities increased in recent years, but available evidence is still not representative for all African countries. There is a big lack of evidence in primary healthcare and rural settings, implementation research, pharmacological interventions, especially in poorer countries. Nevertheless, the identified studies offer a variety of effective interventions that can inform medical care and future research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019122785.