bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-scale energy transfer of chaotic oscillator chain in stiffness-dominated range
Authors: Chen Jian-en , Sun Min , Zhang Wei , Li Shuang-bao , Wu Rui-qin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The investigations on the dynamics of hierarchical oscillator chains provide basic theories for the fields of acoustic metamaterial and passive guidance of energy flow. In the present study, the characteristics of stiffness-dominated energy transfer of a reduced cross-scale oscillator chain that generates chaotic vibrations are studied. The semi-analytical solutions are obtained by the complexification-averaging method and the least-square method for thoroughly searching the branches of responses. Then the energy transfer patterns of the oscillator chain are analyzed based on Runge-Kutta method. Moreover, chaotic responses are determined using the displacements and Lyapunov exponents of the system. The average energy and normalized energy flux are defined to evaluate the energy distribution in each oscillator and the energy transfer between oscillators, respectively. The semi-analytical results show that the oscillator chain produces complex unstable branches of response around the resonance frequency of the linear oscillator. It is found that the detached higher branches of response of the chain are similar to that of a system consisting of one linear oscillator and one cubic oscillator. When chaotic responses occur, the energy transfer patterns that reflected by average energy and normalized energy flux are similar in the same branch of response for different excitation frequencies. However, energy transfer patterns in different branches of response are quite different even at the same excitation frequency, and the higher branch generates the lower energy transfer. Furthermore, analyses of the input energy and the scale between cubic oscillators demonstrate that variations of the two parameters slightly affect the normalized energy flux.
Acceptance and challenges of online mode of homoeopathic medical education in India during current COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: PAL GAUTAM , Chakrabarti Indrani , Singh Monisha , Michael James 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:
During the current era of SARS-CoV-2, lockdown and physical distancing have compelled the use of digital education at all levels. None of the studies in India has reviewed the acceptance and effects of digital education of homoeopathy curriculum in the country. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness, acceptance, challenges and gender-specific attitude towards online education in homoeopathy in India.
Methods:
This was a multicentric, cross-sectional study involving students and teachers of four homoeopathic colleges in India using survey questionnaires (December 2021- January 2022). Descriptive analysis was carried out for each study outcome (categorized for teachers, students and between the genders).
Results:
Students appreciated the quality of interaction, accessibility, and involvement in classes, quality of teaching and learning, feeling of comfort; while teachers raised concern about the quality of interactions and involvement in class. Though the majority supported online mode considering time flexibility, time-saving, cost-effectiveness, regularity of classes, ability to complete syllabus, many did not consider it as a good alternative academic platform for the future. Blended or hybrid learning was the most preferred mode to balance theory and clinical classes. Gender wise statistical analysis showed significant gender-specific trends and attitudes where males had a better approach towards this online education.
Conclusion:
Despite acceptance in general of online mode of education, there were significant differences in attitudes of students, teachers and gender-specificity towards it. During the crisis period, the majority of the homoeopathic fraternity of India preferred the hybrid or blended method.
Novel Pirfenidone Derivatives: Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Yao Maoling , Sangmao Gengga , Chen Congdi , Li Yong , Jin Liming , Yin Shufan , Yang Hongjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to discover novel anti-pulmonary fibrosis agents, a series of new pirfennidone derivatives were designed and synthesized. All compounds have been investigated for their anti-pulmonary activity and confirmed by 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Preliminary studies on its biological activity showed that all target compounds showed different degrees of inhibition on pulmonary fibrosis, and most of the derivatives were significantly better than pirfenidone.
Breakage risk of different sacroiliac screws in unilateral sacral fractures A finite element analysis
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Zhao Yuchi , Wang Dan , Dong Shengjie , Sun Xiujiang , Cheng Gong , Zou Dexin , Lian Wei , Sun Tao , Zhang Shudong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To compare the risk of breakage of the lengthened sacroiliac screw and ordinary sacroiliac screw to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures to provide a reference for clinical application. [Methods] A finite element model of Tile C pelvic ring injury (unilateral type Denis Ⅱ fracture of the sacrum) was produced. The sacral fractures were fixed with a lengthened sacroiliac screw and ordinary sacroiliac screw in 6 types of models, respectively. The maximal von Mises stresses and stress distribution of the two kinds of screws in the case of standing on both feet were measured and compared. [Results] The maximal Von Mises stress of lengthened screw is less than that of the ordinary screw. Compared with ordinary screws, the stress distribution in the lengthened screw is more homogeneous. [Conclusions] The breakage risk of screws fixed in double-segment is lower than that of screws fixed in single-segment, the breakage risk of lengthened screws is lower than that of the ordinary screw, and the breakage risk of screws fixed in S2 segment is lower than that of screws fixed in S1 segment.
Smoke Emission and Distribution Characteristics of Overloaded Wire Insulations under Microgravity
Authors: Zhuang Hanhan , Kong Wenjun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the development of manned space technology, spacecraft safety and fire prevention have attracted more and more attention. Due to the disappearance of buoyancy in microgravity, the fire early monitoring, detection and alarm technologies designed based on ground experimental results are not suitable for spacecraft. It is necessary to develop fire early monitoring technology in microgravity. Smoke is an important early monitoring signal for fire prevention both in normal gravity and microgravity. Under microgravity, fire is mostly caused by overload or aging of wire insulations. In order to study the smoke emission characteristics of wire insulations under microgravity, we carried out the overload experiments of wire insulations on board the SJ-10 Chinese recoverable satellite. The smoke generation characteristics captured by laser extinction methods, and a large number of experimental data in the real microgravity environment were obtained for the first time. In this paper, the smoke volume fractions in the early and axisymmetric stages of smoke emission from the wire insulating layer are obtained by using the method of Abel transform and convolution, and the MATLAB algorithm program is compiled. In the later stage of smoke emission, it does not show axisymmetric distribution, but the laser extinction results can be used for obtaining the smoke emission trajectory. According to the results, two smoke emission modes in the early stage of ignition of wire insulation in microgravity are quantitatively analyzed. The effects of insulation thickness, overload current and insulation material on smoke emission are discussed.
A Novel Fuzzy Framework for Technology Selection of Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Plants based on TODIM Methodology in Developing Urban Areas
Authors: Eseoglu Gunes , Yapsakli Kozet , Tozan Hakan , Vayvay Ozalp 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optimum technology selection of wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) necessitates the adoption of data-driven scientific approaches that satisfy the sustainability requirements of the urban ecosystem. Such approaches should be able to provide actionable insights to decision makers constrained by factors such as increasing population, scarcity of land, and loss of functionality of treatment plants. In this article, we present a criteria system based on the sustainability perspective, which is crucial for the selection of the treatment plant technology from the planning to the operation of the plants. We further suggest a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision making framework (MCDM) under the concept of the alpha cut series which takes into account the risk aversion of decision makers to overcome uncertainties of environmental conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show how a systematic decision-making process is approached by interpreting the interaction of criteria for the selection of treatment plant technology through the membership function of Prospect Theory. The prominent reference criterion manages other sub-criteria according to the function of risk-aversion behavior. The alternatives are ranked by the fuzzy TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) based on α-cuts sets integrated into the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) including the aggregated weights. We verify usefulness of our approach through a case study conducted with four full-scale WWTPs in a metropolitan city of an EMEA country. The ranking results based on dominance degree of alternatives showed that anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) without pre-clarification was the most effective process according to sludge disposal cost (C25) calculated as reference criteria. Finally, we present how our framework can be utilized by reflecting the risk perception of decision makers in technology selection of WWTPs for developing urban areas.
Impact of population based indoor residual spraying with and without mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on malaria prevalence in a high transmission setting: a controlled trial in northeastern Uganda
Authors: Echodu Dorothy C. , Yeka Adoke , Eganyu Thomas , Odude Wycliff , Bukenya Fred , Amoah Benjamin , Wanzira Humphrey , Colborn Kathryn , Elliott Richard C. , Powell Suzanne E. , Kilama Maxwell , Mulebeke Ronald , Nankabirwa Joaniter , Giorgi Emanuele , Roskosky Mellisa , Omoding Osborn , Gonahasa Samuel , Opigo Jimmy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Declines in malaria burden in Uganda have slowed. Modelling predicts that indoor residual spraying (IRS) and mass drug administration (MDA), when co-timed, have synergistic impact. This study investigated additional protective impact of population-based MDA on malaria prevalence, if any, when added to IRS, as compared with IRS alone and with standard of care (SOC).Methods:The 32-month prospective controlled community trial enrolled an open cohort of residents (46,765 individuals, 1st enumeration and 52,133, 4th enumeration) in Katakwi District in northeastern Uganda. Consented participants were assigned to three arms based on residential subcounty: MDA+IRS, IRS, and SOC (insecticide treated bednets and case management). IRS with pirimiphos methyl and MDA with dihydroartemisinin- piperaquine were delivered in 4 co-timed campaign-style rounds 8 months apart. The primary endpoint was population prevalence of malaria, estimated by 6 cross-sectional surveys, starting at baseline and preceding each subsequent round.Results:Comparing malaria prevalence in MDA+IRS and IRS only arms over all 6 surveys (intention-to-treat analysis), roughly every 6 months, post-interventions, a geostatistical model found a significant additional 15.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): [13.7%, 17.5%], Z=9.6, p= 5e-20) decrease in the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) due to MDA for all ages, a 13.3% reduction in under 5's (95% CI: [10.5%, 16.8%], Z=4.02, p= 5e-5), and a 10.1% reduction in children 5-15 (95% CI: [8.5%, 11.8%], Z=4.7, p= 2e-5). All ages residents of the MDA + IRS arm enjoyed an overall 80.1% reduction (95% CI: [80.0%,83.0%, p<.0001] in odds of qPCR confirmed malaria compared with SOC residents. Secondary difference-in-difference analyses comparing surveys at different timepoints to baseline showed aOR (MDA + IRS vs IRS) of qPCR positivity between 0.28 and 0.66 (p<.001). Of three serious adverse events, one (nonfatal) was considered related to study medications. Limitations include the initial non-random assignment of MDA+IRS, which may have understated the impact of MDA, and lack of MDA-only arm, considered to violate equipoise.Conclusions:Despite being assessed at long timepoints 5-7 months post-round, MDA plus IRS provided significant additional protection from malaria infection over IRS alone. Future cohort studies of impact on incidence recommended. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered July 7th, 2018 with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR 201807166695568).
Toxic evaluation of Proclaim Fit ® on honey bee workers: lethal and sublethal effects
Authors: Ghasemi Vahid , Salehinejad Ali , Ghadamyari Mohammad , Jack Cameron J. , Sharifi Mahboobeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Impacts to honey bees due to exposure to agricultural pesticides is one of the most serious threats to the beekeeping industry. Our research evaluated the lethal and sublethal toxicity of Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate (Proclaim Fit®) on the European honey bee Apis mellifera L. at field-realistic (worst-case) dose. Newly emerged (≤ 24-h old) and forager (unknown age) worker bees were treated with the field recommended dose of Proclaim Fit® using three routes of exposure including residual contact, oral, and spray within the laboratory. We also assessed the sublethal effects of Proclaim Fit® on the specific activity of some well-known detoxifying enzymes including α-esterase, β-esterase, and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the honey bees. In addition, toxicity of the insecticide was tested on 4th instar larvae within the hive. Based on estimated median survival times (MSTs), Proclaim Fit® was highly toxic to the bees, especially when applied as spray. According to hazard ratios, newly emerged bees were 1.47× and 2.78× more susceptible than foragers to Proclaim Fit® applied as residual contact and oral, respectively. Enzyme assays revealed the considerable involvement of the enzymes, especially GST and α-esterase, in detoxification of the Proclaim Fit®, but their activities were significantly influenced by route of exposure and age of bee. Notably, Proclaim Fit® was highly toxic to 4th instar honey bee larvae. Our results generally indicate a potent toxicity of Proclaim Fit® toward honey bees. Therefore, its application requires serious consideration and adherence to strict guidelines, especially during the flowering time of crops.
Analysis of the Ecuadorian productive network in 2019, using network theory
Authors: Ramírez-Álvarez José , Chungandro-Carranco Vanessa , Guevara-Rosero Carolina , Montenegro Nathaly 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study analyzes the centrality of the 70 productive sectors in Ecuador according to the Input-Output Table for the year 2019, in order to identify the most influential sectors in the diffusion of productivity shocks. For this purpose, four weighted centrality indices are used: Degree Centrality, Closeness Centrality, Betweenness Centrality and Alpha Centrality. The results suggest that the sectors of wholesale and retail trade, transportation and professional activities are the most influential in the Ecuadorian economy, due to their high centrality and participation in the commercial transactions. Furthermore, the distributions of the centrality indices hold the power law which remarks the high heterogeneity of the productive network. Given this, a microeconomic shock to any of these sectors could spread “downstream” cascade effects throughout the intersectoral links and generate aggregate fluctuations, as pointed out by the theory of shock diffusion.
Capacitive Humidity Sensing Properties of Freestanding Bendable Porous SiO 2 /Si Thin Films
Authors: Park Soobin , Seo Jinmyeong , Park Jungjoon , Hwang Inseong , Lee Han-Seung , Jung Hyunsung , Yoo Bongyoung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The fabrication of freestanding bendable films without polymer substrates is demonstrated as a capacitive humidity-sensing material. The bendable and porous SiO2/Si films are simply prepared by electrochemical-assisted stripping, metal-assisted chemical etching, followed by oxidation procedures. The capacitive humidity-sensing properties of the fabricated porous SiO2/Si film are characterized as a function of the relative humidity and frequency. The remarkable sensing performance is demonstrated in the wide RH range from 13.8–79.0%. The sensing behavior of the porous SiO2/Si film is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. Additionally, the reliability of the porous SiO2/Si sensing material is confirmed by cyclic and long-term sensing tests.
Integration of epigenomic and transcriptome analyses of neural tube defects reveals methylation driver lncRNAs and mRNAs
Authors: Xu Jing , Chen Min , Li Yingting , Zhang Luting , Liu QiYun , Hu Shun-qin , Hu Yan Xin , Li Jia , Ma Run-mei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Abnormal genome-wide methylation during embryogenesis is associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) at birth. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be promising biomarkers for nervous system-related diseases. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNAs with aberrant methylation in the pathogenesis of NTDs.Methods: Pregnant mice were given retinoic acid (dissolved in corn oil, 50 mg/kg) to build the NTDs model by gavage. After collecting brain tissues, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and lncRNAs sequencing were conducted. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEGs) between NTDs and control group were screened, and then integrated with RRBS data to obtain genes with aberrant methylation, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were constructed. Finally, qRT-PCR was applied to determine the expression levels of identified hub lncRNAs.Results: A total of 8 DElncRNAs as well as 213 DEGs with aberrant methylation between NTD group and normal group were screened. By bioinformatics analysis, several hub lncRNAs including Gm15521, Gm4681, Gm13974 and Gm40638, were identified. Function analysis showed these genes were mainly enriched in axon guidance pathway. The qRT-PCR assay revealed that the expression level of Gm15521, Gm4681 and Gm13974 in the NTDs group was significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusion: The study screened DElncRNAs with aberrant methylation in the NTDs and the identified genes could be potential biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis of NTDs. These findings will provide a reference for further study on the regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNAs in the NTDs.
Characterization of Chionanthus retusus fruits: contents and composition of oil, fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols
Authors: Jinnan Wang , Muge Niu , maotong Sun , jihong Li , Jing Ren , Cuishuang Liu , Yuan Liu , Lingshan Guan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chionanthus retusus is a deciduous shrub or small tree in the Oleaceae with important ornamental and economic value. In this study, fruits were collected from 22 individual C. retusus plants to study their morphological characteristics, oil content, and the contents and composition of fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherol. The average fruit fresh biomass, grain dry biomass, kernel dry biomass, and kernel percentage were 76.432 ± 20.75 g, 24.370 ± 6.52 g, 12.122 ± 3.21 g, and 50.16%, respectively. The average oil content of the kernels was 36.55%, ranging between 28.90% and 47.50%.The average total phytosterols content was 280.33 ± 43.96 mg/100 g. The average total tocopherols content was 578.31 ± 101.29 µg/g. In correlation analyses, the oil content was negatively correlated with the total phytosterols content (r = − 0.653, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with kernel weight (r = 0.762, P < 0.01). In principal component analyses, the first two principal components explained 77.1%,72.2%, and 91.2% of the total variance of fatty acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol composition, respectively. These results allowed us to identify germplasm resources with high oil yield, high oleic acid content, high phytosterol content, and high tocopherol content.
Bibliometric analysis of research relating to gonorrhea reported over the period 1980–2020
Authors: Kaya Erhan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective and Design: Gonorrhea is an important sexually transmitted disease that threatens public health in the 21st century. Aim of this study was to reveal the current status of literature data about gonorrhea. Methods: A scan of literature was performed on the Web of Science (WoS) database on 17 Aug 2021 to retrieve bibliometric data. The literature search was applied using the search term “gonorrhea” in article titles for the period January 1980–December 2020. Results: After applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1068 articles remained for final evaluation. The number of articles published by year tended first to decrease and then to increase. According to the number of articles, the first three countries were the USA (n=660; 61.80%), England (n=107; 10.02%), and Canada (n=52; 4.87%). The journal with the highest number of articles were the Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention organization in the United States produced the largest number of articles on gonorrhea during this specified time period. Conclusions: This holistic data evaluation of analysis of the findings, knowing the trend topics, understanding which topics are cited more, will be of benefit for authors conducting future research.
Development of the horizontal optocollic reflex in juvenile barn owls (Tyto furcata pratincola)
Authors: Wagner Hermann , Pappe Ina , Brill Sandra , Nalbach Hans-Ortwin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Adult barn owls and primates possess an almost symmetric monocular rotational horizontal optocollic reflex. In primates the reflex is initially asymmetric and becomes symmetric with time after birth. The situation in the barn owl has not been studied so far. To examine how this reflex develops in this bird, we tested juvenile barn owls from the time before they open their eyes after hatching to the time they reach adult feather length. Wide-field visual patterns presented at different rotational speeds in binocular and monocular settings served as stimuli. Symmetry and asymmetry can be discriminated if the stimulus is presented to one eye only. Asymmetry manifests itself in a weaker response for nasal-to-temporal than for temporal-to-nasal stimulus movement. The binocular horizontal optocollic responses of juvenile barn owls were adult-like at the first day at which the birds responded to the stimulus. The development of the monocular reflex depended on stimulus velocity and stimulus direction. For velocities up to 20 deg/s the monocular reflex was also adult-like at the first day at which the birds responded to the stimulus. An initially higher asymmetry for 30 deg/s compared to adults disappeared within about two weeks. The development at even higher velocities remained unclear.