bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talentos y virtudes: la necesidad de profesionalización del servicio civil en el Perú
Authors: Rastrollo Suárez Juan José 
Published: October 2022

La profesionalización del servicio civil en el Perú ha tenido un notable desarrollo en las últimas décadas. Este proceso permite garantizar el adecuado funcionamiento del aparato estatal, la lucha contra la corrupción y el fortalecimiento de las instituciones. No obstante, existen diversos factores de carácter histórico que aún inhiben el desarrollo de este necesario proceso, tales como la inestabilidad política, la falta de independencia, la falta de cohesión jurídica y la desigualdad.
En el presente artículo, el autor examina el proceso de formación de la burocracia en el Perú en su contexto histórico desde la proclamación de la independencia. Luego, estudia la evolución de la función pública a partir de la Constitución de 1993, haciendo hincapié en algunas normas como el Decreto Legislativo 728 de 1997, que supuso el comienzo del proceso de ‘laboralización’ del servicio civil o la Ley 30057 de 2013, que dio lugar al nacimiento del cuerpo de gerentes públicos y reguló muchas de las competencias de la Autoridad Nacional del Servicio Civil. Por último, apoyándose en el estudio de la legislación y jurisprudencia, revisa determinados aspectos clave para una futura reforma del empleo público en un contexto de crisis.
Aproximaciones a la viabilidad jurídica y económica de la aplicación del consentimiento presunto como política pública de fomento y promoción de la donación de órganos y tejidos en el Perú
Authors: Paredes Aranda Braylyn , Rojas Morán Beremiz , Valverde Encarnación Gianpierre 
Published: October 2022

En el presente artículo, los autores abordan la problemática relacionada al número reducido de donaciones de órganos y tejidos en el Perú. A partir de una revisión estadística, se constata que el índice de donaciones de órganos y tejidos es inferior en comparación a otros países de la región, mientras que la demanda de pacientes es superior a la cantidad de órganos disponibles.
En ese sentido, desde la óptica constitucional y económica, los autores desarrollan la viabilidad de implementar una política pública que postule la sustitución del consentimiento informado por el presunto tácito. Para ello, primero, estudian las categorías jurídicas involucradas, sus tratamientos jurídicos, etc. Segundo, analizan el contexto actual de la donación de órganos en el país-falencias en el funcionamiento, ausencia de regulación, etc. Finalmente, analizan la necesidad y viabilidad jurídica de formular e implementar un cambio en el paradigma de la regulación de las donaciones que tenga como eje central la adopción del consentimiento presunto.
La documentación en el contrato de transporte aéreo de personas y de mercancías
Authors: Marco Arcalá Luis Alberto 
Published: October 2022

Es evidente la necesidad de documentación en todos los diferentes aspectos y actividades del transporte aéreo de personas y de mercancías, lo que, por supuesto, incluye los contratos que tienen por objeto la prestación de este tipo de servicios. Sin embargo, los principales títulos documentales presentes en estos contratos no solo cuentan con sus peculiares características, sino que además se hallan inmersos en un proceso de evolución marcado por diversos fenómenos.
En el presente artículo, el autor analiza los principales títulos documentales en los contratos de transporte aéreo de personas y de mercancías, haciendo especial énfasis en su naturaleza jurídica, funciones, estructura, funcionamiento, entre otros. De igual manera, aborda el fenómeno de la digitalización documental y los efectos de la pandemia del COVID-19 en los diferentes aspectos del transporte aéreo. Finalmente, formula una valoración crítica en relación con las perspectivas de futuro en este ámbito.
Produktivitas Kelapa Dalam Lokal di Pulau Taliabu – Maluku Utara
Authors: Novarianto Hengky , Anggono Alvin Tri , Latuconsina Palangsong , Latif Ahmad Abdul , Soamole Jafrin JJ 
Published: October 2022

Pulau Taliabu adalah salah satu pulau terbesar di Kabupaten Taliabu, dan besebelahan dengan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Salah satu komoditi utama di pulau Taliabu adalah tanaman kelapa, yaitu kelapa Dalam lokal. PT.NICO adalah salah satu perusahaan swasta yang akan mengembangkan dan mengolah produksi buah kelapa di pulau Taliabu. Kondisi dan status produksi buah kelapa perlu diketahui, sebagai dasar pengambil kebijakan, baik ketersediaan bahan baku untuk industri kelapa, maupun usaha untuk peningkatan produksi buah kelapa. Pada tahap pertama telah dilakukan observasi di lahan kelapa Dalam lokal seluas 20.000 ha. Kelapa Dalam ini tersebar di 12 Desa, yaitu Kecamatan Taliabu Utara dan Kecamatan Lede, dan masing-masing Desa sekitar 1.000 ha. Waktu observasi dilakukan sejak 30 Juni sampai 6 Juli 2021. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui status produksi dan produktivitas tanaman kelapa Dalam lokal di wilayah tersebut. Kegiatan observasi produksi kelapa digunakan dengan metode <em>purpose sampling</em> pada beberapa populasi kelapa. Pengamatan data karakter terutama data produksi dan komponen buah. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan bahwa kelapa Dalam lokal di 12 Desa pulau Taliabu memiliki jumlah tandan buah 8-10 tandan/pohon. Kemudian untuk jumlah buah per tandan diperoleh pada umumnya 6 butir/tandan, dan jumlah buah beragam antara 53 butir sampai 64 butir/pohon. Berat biji kelapa rata-rata diatas 800 g/butir, yakni antara 846 g sampai 971 g, dan berat daging buah rata- rata 400 gr/butir. Hasil observasi kelapa Dalam lokal di Desa Mintun, Nata Kuning, Tikong, dan Tolong, pulau Taliabu diperoleh produktivitas buah kelapa 4.000-6.000 butir/ha/tahun. Peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas buah kelapa dapat dilakukan dengan peremajaan dan rehabilitas menggunakan bibit kelapa unggul, dan pemeliharaan hamparan kelapa, tanaman kelapa, serta menanam tanaman sela yang sesuai
A Load Balancing Method for Avionics Systems via Artificial Bee Colony and Simulated Annealing Algorithms
Authors: Du Xiaoyan , Du Chenglie , Chen Jinchao , Liu Yifan , Han Pengcheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Avionics systems are a crucial part of aircraft, and the heterogeneity of resources also leads to load differentials within these systems. Inefficient load balancing technology faces the dual challenge of over-utilization and under-utilization of resources, which results in the decline of service performance (in the case of over-utilization) or the waste of resources (in the case of under-utilization). However, it is necessary to control avionics systems via an efficient load balancing method under time constraints and resource states. Therefore, this paper proposes a load balancing method for avionics systems by using both artificial bee colony ( ABC ) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithms. First, the load balancing model of avionics systems is established, this model can reflect the demands of the tasks for the resources in detail. Then, the load balancing of avionics systems is realized by artificial bee colony and simulated annealing algorithms, the hybrid algorithm not only retains the advantages of simple and easy implementation of ABC algorithm, but also utilizes the probability jump of SA algorithm to jump out of the local extreme and achieve the effect of global optimization. Finally, compared with the existing algorithms, the experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper produces a good and stable load-balance performance.
Preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from palm fiber waste: Effect of ozone pretreatment on CMC properties
Authors: Pujokaroni Agustu Sholeh , Ichiura Hideaki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared using cellulose extracted from palm fiber (CPF). The effect of ozone pretreatment on the CMC properties [degree of substitution (DS) and viscosity] was investigated. After treatment of CPF with ozone, CMC was prepared by alkalization followed by etherification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium monochloroacetic acid (NaMCA) in an alcoholic medium. The DS of CMC increased with increased ozone pretreatment time and with increased amounts of NaOH and NaMCA reagents. The CMC solubility increased with increasing DS. Therefore, the solubility increased with ozone pretreatment time. The favored treatment conditions were ozone pretreatment for 3 h, followed by the addition of 10 mL of 30% NaOH and 4.5 g of NaMCA. Under these conditions, the DS, purity, and solubility were 1.05, 79.6%, and 94.6%, respectively. The viscosity of CMC prepared using cellulose treated with ozone decreased with increasing ozone pretreatment time, which was caused by the reduced degree of polymerization. Therefore, use of ozone pretreatment for CMC preparation is an effective method for controlling CMC properties.
Considerations on the Origin of the Inferior Thyroid Artery Emerging From the Subclavian Artery Determined by Ct Examination
Authors: Bunea Maria Cristina , Rusali Lavinia Maria , Bratu Iulian Cătălin , Tudorache Sorin , Bordei Petru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose and background
The specialized literature has a low degree of information regarding the origin of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA). Our study was performed on computed tomography angiographies (CTAs), and the following aspects were observed: the origin of the ITA from the subclavian artery (SCA) or thyrocervical trunk (TCT), taking note of the distance of the origin of the ITA in relation to the origin of the SCA or the corresponding TCT, as well as the origin of the ITA, comparing right to left and according to gender.
Methods
Our study was realized on a total of 108 ITA (64 on the right side and 44 on the left, with 48 in male subjects and 60 in females), analyzed on CTA.
Results
From the 108 arteries, we found the origin of ITA directly from the SCA in 31.48% of cases, and in 68.52% from the TCT. The distance between the origin of the right SCA and the origin of the corresponding ITA, was between 29.1–53.1 mm, while on the left side, the same distance was between 43.7–68.1 mm. The distance between the right TCT and the origin of the right SCA, was between 22.5–75.0 mm, and for the left side, it’s between 48.7–56.8 mm.
Conclusions
The inferior thyroid artery is one of the arteries most susceptible to variations in terms of origin and size. With differences between the two sides (right and left), as well as differences related to gender.
Health insurance and household savings: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Ampaw Samuel , Appleton Simon , Lou Xuyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People save more in response to future income uncertainties, meaning health insurance could crowd out savings by reducing medical spending. This relationship has yet to be emphasised in the sub-Saharan African context, where income variability is pronounced. We quantify the relationship between health insurance and household savings using censored quantile regressions with and without instrumental variables. Data were obtained from the last two Ghana Living Standards Survey rounds: 2013 & 2017. We find a positive relationship between health insurance and household savings. Ghana’s health insurance generally reduces out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure. But insurance-induced utilisation and unofficial healthcare payments are observed, as well as falling public healthcare spending and increasing dependence on private healthcare financing. The insured perhaps save more to complement the cover provided by health insurance since complete coverage is not guaranteed.
JEL classification: D91; E21; I3; I18; G22
Local Anesthesia vs. General Anesthesia for Percutaneous Microwave Ablation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, an Efficacy, Safety, and Cost Analysis
Authors: Zhan Jing-Yin , Tang Zhen-Lei , Leng Hao-Qun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the efficacy, safety, and cost between local anesthesia and general anesthesia modality for hepatocellular carcinoma patients who received percutaneous microwave ablation for curative treatment purposes.
Methods
This comparative, retrospective analysis analyzed 175 patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from July 2015 to September 2020. Patients were divided into two cohorts according to the anesthesia modality applied during the percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) procedure. To investigate the differences in efficacy between the two groups, overall survival (OS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using a caliper width of 0.2 between the two groups. Cost and safety between the two groups were also compared accordingly.
Results
There were 105 patients with 128 HCC lesions in the local anesthesia (LA) group while 70 patients with 107 lesions in the general anesthesia (GA) group. No significant differences in OS (P = 0.798) and LRFS (P = 0.406) between the two groups. 51 pairs of patients were matched with 78 lesions in the GA group and 68 lesions in the LA group after PSM. There were no significant differences in the OS (P = 0.522) and LRFS (P = 0.410) between the two groups. Compared to the LA group, there was more MWA procedure time spent, medical resources consumption, and financial stress undertaken in the GA group. No statistical differences were observed in post-ablation pain, adverse events, and complications between the two groups.
Conclusion
Due to the higher cost of general anesthesia, local anesthesia may be more adaptable during ablation procedure for HCC patients within Milan criteria.
A 36-year-old lady with type three Female Genital Mutilation (Infibulation) – its long-term complications: a case report and literature review
Authors: jidha tafese dejene , Feyissa Abdi Kebede 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background:Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving the partial or total removal of female external genitalia or other injury to the female external organs, whether for religious, cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. The impact of female genital mutilation is diverse, including physical, social and psychological impact. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with type three female genital mutilation who did not seek medical treatment due to lack of awareness that there was no treatment for it, and use this case as an entry point to comprehensively review literature regarding long-term complications associated with female genital mutilation and its impact on women’s quality of life.
Case presentation: We present a case of a 36-year-old woman with type three female genital mutilation who had presented with difficulty with urination since childhood. She had difficulty with menstruation since her menarche, and she had never had sexual intercourse. She never sought treatment, but recently went to hospital after she heard of a young lady who had the same problem in her neighborhood who was treated surgically and got married. On external genitalia examination, there was no clitoris, no labia minora, and labia majora were fused to each other with a healed old scar between them. There was a 0.5 cm by 0.5 cm opening below the fused labia majora near to the anus through which urine was dribbling. De-infibulation was done. Four months after the procedure, she was married and at that moment she was pregnant.
Conclusion:
The physical, sexual, obstetrics and psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation are neglected issues. The improvement of women’s socio-cultural status in combination with planning programs to enhance their information and awareness as well as trying to change the cultural and religious leaders’ viewpoints regarding this procedure is essential to reducing female genital mutilation and its burden on women’s health. Cognitive behavioral therapy is also recommended to treat psycho-social disorders in both girls and women.
Risk assessment of transgene introgression from genetically modified soybean into its wild relatives
Authors: Zhang li , Liu Laipan , Fang Zhixiang , Shen Wenjing , Dai Ying , Jia Ruizong , Liang Jingang , Liu Biao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Crop-wild hybridization has generated great concerns since gene flow can be an avenue for transgene escape. However, a rather limited number of studies on risk assessment regarding the dispersion of transgenes from GM soybean to its wild relative populations have been conducted before.
Results: The results of the 3-year experiment demonstrated that F1, F2 and F3 had lower seed germination, higher pod and seed production than GM soybeans, and the seed productivity of hybrids (especially F2 and F3) were close to those of wild soybean. Furthermore, the foreign protein was stably expressed in F1, F2 and F3 EPSPS positive plants, conferring to hybrids herbicide tolerance. However, despite being stably inherited, neither the presence of the EPSPS transgene nor the number of its copies does affect the detected hybrid vigor, since no difference is observed in agronomic measurements between hybrids that are glyphosate sensitive or resistant, homozygous or heterozygous for the transgene.
While EPSPS genes had little effect on crop growth and reproduction, hybridization between GM soybean to wild soybean may have more impact on hybrid growth and fecundity, this increase in biomass and yield conferring a potential competition benefit to hybrids.
Conclusions: Hybrids between GM soybean and wild soybean had similar germination characteristics and seed productivity as wild parent, such characteristics acquired by gene flow have the potential to promote the adaptability of hybrids and may increase the possibility of dispersal of transgenes through seed systems.
Transmission Scheduling of P2P Real-Time Communication Based on Restless Multi-Armed Bandit
Authors: Wu Ting , Tian Shikun , Tang Shengda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a transmission scheduling problem of the point-to-point (P2P) real-time communication over fading channel. Specifically, we assume each transmission task with a strict time delay arrives into the system randomly, we consider the transmission scheduling strategy under the time delay constraint of the communication system so as to maximize the total discounted expected reward of the system. The communication model is formulated in the framework of the Markov decision process (MDP), and since the curse of dimensionality of the proposed MDP architecture, the transmission scheduling problem is analyzed based on the restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) process. We show the
existence of the Whittle index of the P2P transmission communication, and based on which, the closed solution of Whittle index based transmission scheduling strategy is obtained. Finally, the numerical results are given to verify the availability of the Whittle index based transmission scheduling algorithm, and it is also shown that our proposed transmission scheduling algorithm is with low computational complexity, and it reduces the computational time greatly in comparison to the MDP method.
Unique case of pelvic congestion syndrome caused by a new communication branch of the portal-vena cava system
Authors: Zheng Wei , Sun Chun , Yang Jinming , Wu Yingfeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPS) is a developmental anomaly of the portal vein system. The disease can cause blood from the portal vein to flow into the vena cava, resulting in various atypical clinical manifestations. Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) caused by CPS is particularly rare. A young woman with PCS had an abnormal communicating branch of the left ovarian vein (OV). Her left OV drained normally into the left renal vein, and at the same time communicated with the portal vein, forming an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. With embolization of her left OV, the patient was cured of PCS.
Experience of pediatric nurses in nursing dying children- A Qualitative Study
Authors: bian weina , yang hongwei , cheng Junxiang , dong yue , xue ying , zhang qian , zheng qinghua , song rui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the challenges and effective coping strategies of pediatric nurses in caring for dying children.
Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was adopted.Data were collected using semi-structured interview with 10 nurses from the pediatrics, pediatric emergency department and neonatology department.
Results: Three themes were generated: stressors, stress consequences, coping strategies.Ten sub-themes were generalized: negative emotions; helpless; question rescue behavior; fear of communication; lack of workforce for night rescue; compassion fatigue; burnout; changes in life attitudes; self-regulation; leadership approval and no accountability.
Conclusions: Through qualitative research, the challenges and effective coping strategies faced by nurses in caring for dying children were found, which provides information for nurses' career development and related policy formulation in China.
Clinical Relevance: While there are many articles in China on hospice care, there is little research on the nurses’ experience of caring for dying children. In foreign countries, many studies have mentioned the adverse consequences of caring for dying children, and even led to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However,the domestic discussion of such problems is rare and there are no corresponding coping strategies.This study aims to explore the challenges and effective coping strategies of pediatric nurses in caring for dying children.
Energy landscapes of Kodiak brown bears: A comparison of accelerometer and global positioning system derived estimates
Authors: Finnegan S. P. , Pagano A. M. , Svoboda N. J. , Schooler S. L. , Belant J. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Within optimal foraging theory animals should maximize their net energy gain while minimizing energetic costs. Energetic expenditure in wild animals is therefore key to measure proxies of fitness. Accelerometers are an effective tool to study animal movement-based energetics but retrieval of the device is usually required and often difficult. Measuring energetic expenditures using a global positioning system (GPS) approach could provide an alternative method to study energetic ecology. We compared accelerometer and GPS methods to estimate energetic expenditures in brown bears (Ursus arctos) on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA. We then applied the GPS method to examine how intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced brown bear movement-based daily energetic expenditures (MDEE). We predicted that bears would have greater energetic expenditures during the high food abundance period, while females with dependent young would have lower energetic expenditures due to reduced movements. We found that while the two energetic measurements differed (Wilcoxon signed rank test: V = 2116, p < 0.001), they were positively correlated (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). The GPS method on average provided 1.6 times greater energy estimates than did the accelerometer method. Brown bears had lower MDEE during periods of high food abundance, supporting optimal foraging theory. Reproductive status and age did not influence MDEE, however movement rates had a positive linear relationship with MDEE. Energetic ecology is important for understanding drivers of animal movements. A GPS-derived estimate of energetic expenditure may be suitable when accelerometer data are unavailable, but the GPS-derived estimate should be validated for the specific taxa, ecosystem, and GPS sampling rate used. Additionally, while movement-based estimates of energy expenditure can elucidate the mechanisms driving habitat use decisions, they may not fully reflect an animal’s overall energy demands. Brown bear movement-based energetic expenditure was influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors which highlighted the importance of access to prime foraging sites to enhance energetic efficiency.