bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic geometric-mean reverse time migration for source imaging
Authors: Bai Tong , Lyu Bin , Li Fangyu , Williamson Paul , Nakata Nori 
Published: April 2022

Passive source location is a fundamental problem in earthquake seismology and reservoir characterization with fluid injection. It has been shown that geometric-mean reverse time migration (GmRTM) can produce source images with improved resolution and fewer migration artifacts than conventional time-reversal imaging in acoustic media. However, the acoustic assumption often requires data windowing and polarity correction when we apply it to the elastic data, which involves manual efforts and introduces uncertainties. Therefore, we have extended this crosscorrelation-based GmRTM imaging method to elastic media. Back-propagation and Helmholtz decomposition are conducted individually for each receiver wavefield, after which we apply zero-lag crosscorrelations over the decoupled P or/and S wavefields to obtain the corresponding P-, S-, and PS-source images. Considering the influences of random noise, anisotropy, and interferences from multiple sources, we test the proposed elastic GmRTM method on a synthetic example with a layered model and determine its advantages over other imaging conditions (e.g., time-reversal imaging). The method is further validated using another synthetic test based on the elastic Marmousi model and a field-data example from Oklahoma.
Low-risk Lifestyle and Health Factors and Risk of Mortality and Vascular Complications in Chinese Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Sun Zhijia , Hu Yizhen , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Pang Yuanjie , Sun Dianjianyi , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Jin Jianrong , Burgess Sushila , Hacker Alex , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Lv Jun , Li Liming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an evidence gap about whether a low-risk lifestyle is as important as achieving blood pressure (BP) and random blood glucose (RBG) control.ObjectivesTo explore the long-term impacts and relative importance of low-risk lifestyle and health factors on the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality and macrovascular and microvascular complications among patients with diabetes.MethodsThis study included 26,004 diabetes patients in the China Kadoorie Biobank. We defined 5 lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and waist-to-hip ratio) and 2 health factors (BP and RBG). Cox regression was used to yield adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs for individual and combined lifestyle and health factors with the risks of diabetes-related outcomes.ResultsThere were 5063 deaths, 6848 macrovascular complications, and 2055 microvascular complications that occurred during a median follow-up of 10.2 years. Combined low-risk lifestyle factors were associated with lower risk of all main outcomes, with HRs (95% CIs) for participants having 4 to 5 low-risk factors vs 0 to 1 of 0.50 (0.44-0.57) for all-cause mortality, 0.55 (0.43-0.71) for cancer mortality, 0.60 (0.54-0.67) for macrovascular complications, and 0.75 (0.62-0.91) for microvascular complications. The combined 4 to 5 low-risk lifestyle factors showed relative importance in predicting all-cause and cancer mortality and macrovascular complications.ConclusionsAssuming causality exists, our findings suggest that adopting a low-risk lifestyle should be regarded as important as achieving ideal BP and glycemic goals in the prevention and management of diabetes-related adverse outcomes.
Three-axis classification of mouse lung mesenchymal cells reveals two populations of myofibroblasts
Authors: Narvaez del Pilar Odemaris , Gacha Garay Maria Jose , Chen Jichao 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The mesenchyme consists of heterogeneous cell populations that support neighboring structures and are integral to intercellular signaling, but are poorly defined morphologically and molecularly. Leveraging single-cell RNA-sequencing, 3D imaging and lineage tracing, we classify the mouse lung mesenchyme into three proximal–distal axes that are associated with the endothelium, epithelium and interstitium, respectively. From proximal to distal: the vascular axis includes vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes that transition as arterioles and venules ramify into capillaries; the epithelial axis includes airway smooth muscle cells and two populations of myofibroblasts – ductal myofibroblasts, surrounding alveolar ducts and marked by CDH4, HHIP and LGR6, which persist post-alveologenesis, and alveolar myofibroblasts, surrounding alveoli and marked by high expression of PDGFRA, which undergo developmental apoptosis; and the interstitial axis, residing between the epithelial and vascular trees and sharing the marker MEOX2, includes fibroblasts in the bronchovascular bundle and the alveolar interstitium, which are marked by IL33/DNER/PI16 and Wnt2, respectively. Single-cell imaging reveals a distinct morphology of mesenchymal cell populations. This classification provides a conceptual and experimental framework applicable to other organs.
Protocol for the Addressing the Social Determinants and Consequences of Tuberculosis in Nepal (ASCOT) pilot trial
Authors: Rai Bhola , Dixit Kritika , Dhital Raghu , Rishal Poonam , Gurung Suman Chandra , Paudel Puskar Raj , Mishra Gokul , Bonnett Laura , Siqueira-Filha Noemia , Khanal Mukti Nath , Lonnroth Knut , Squire S Bertel , Caws Maxine , Wingfield Tom 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization’s End TB (tuberculosis) Strategy advocates social and economic support for TB-affected households but evidence from low-income settings is scarce. We will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a locally-appropriate socioeconomic support intervention for TB-affected households in Nepal. METHODS: We will conduct a pilot randomised-controlled trial with mixed-methods process evaluation in four TB-endemic, impoverished districts of Nepal: Pyuthan, Chitwan, Mahottari, and Morang. We will recruit 128 people with TB notified to the Nepal National TB Program (NTP) and 40 multisectoral stakeholders including NTP staff, civil-society members, policy-makers, and ASCOT (Addressing the Social Determinants and Consequences of Tuberculosis) team members. People with TB will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to four study arms (n=32 each): control; social support; economic support; and combined social and economic (socioeconomic) support. Social support will be TB education and peer-led mutual-support TB Clubs providing TB education and stigma-reduction counselling. Economic support will be monthly unconditional cash transfers during TB treatment with expectations (not conditions) of meeting NTP goals. At 0, 2, and 6 months following TB treatment initiation, participants will be asked to complete a survey detailing the social determinants and consequences of TB and their feedback on ASCOT. Complementary process evaluation will use focus group discussions (FGD), key informant interviews (KII), and a workshop with multi-sectoral stakeholders to consider the challenges to ASCOT’s implementation and scale-up. A sample of ~100 people with TB is recommended to estimate TB-related costs. Information power is estimated to be reached with approximately 25 FGD and 15 KII participants. CONCLUSIONS: The ASCOT pilot trial will both generate robust evidence on a locally-appropriate, socioeconomic support intervention for TB-affected households in Nepal and inform a large-scale future ASCOT trial, which will evaluate the intervention’s impact on catastrophic costs mitigation and TB outcomes. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN (ISRCTN17025974).
Special educational training and counselling for teachers in an inclusive kindergarten group: an action research
Authors: Häidkind Pille , Šuman Carolina , Vint Kristi 
Published: April 2022

Erivajadustega lapsed vajavad õppimisel teistest enam toetust ning keskkonnas tehtavad kohandused peaksid kindlustama kvaliteetse alushariduse kõikidele sama rühmaruumi jagavatele lastele (Barton & Smith, 2015; Næsby, 2020). Tegevusuuringu eesmärk oli katsetada eripedagoogiliste koolituste ja nõustamise kombinatsiooni õpetajate toetamisel ning hinnata selle sobilikkust kaasava hariduse edenemiseks lasteaiarühma tasandil. Kahes aia- ja kahes sobitusrühmas kaardistati eelnev olukord. Seejärel said õpetajad osaleda asutuse tellitud eripedagoogilistel koolitustel ja õpetajaid (N = 8) nõustati veebi vahendusel. Järgnes nõustamisel kokkulepitu rakendamine rühmades 6–8 nädala jooksul ja lõpuks hinnati muutust ning pakutud sekkumiste asjakohasust ja kasulikkust. Õpetajad leidsid, et eripedagoogilised koolitused ja nõustamine toetasid kaasava hariduse rakendamist (viiepalliskaalal oli keskmine hinnang 3,6). Uuringu käigus tõusis esile vajadus muuta tõhusamaks koostööd rühmas töötavate täiskasvanute vahel.
Summary
A problem shared is a problem halved: satisfaction with classmates and life as a student among the children who have experienced bullying at school
Authors: Beilmann Mai , Soo Kadri , Kutsar Dagmar 
Published: April 2022

Õpilaste parem toimetulek eri suhtlussituatsioonides on oluline tegur, mida õppeprotsessi kaudu koolis toetada, panustades seeläbi heaolu suurenemisse nii hetkeolukordades kui ka edaspidises elus. Süsteemsele arendustegevusele aitab kaasa parem arusaam nendest aspektidest, mis vajaksid konkreetses klassis tuge. Selleks on õpetajatele ning tugipersonalile kasutamiseks loodud eksamite infosüsteemis paiknevad arvutitestid. Suhtlus- ja enesemääratluspädevuse testi kasutusvõimaluste paremaks kirjeldamiseks on oluline uurida, kuidas on testi tulemused seotud teiste õpilaste toimetulekut kirjeldavate näitajatega. Siinse artikli eesmärk on kirjeldada 2. klassi valimil (n = 250), kuidas on omavahel seotud õpilaste suhtlus- ja enesemääratluspädevuse testi tulemused ning õpetajate (n = 16) ja lastevanemate (n = 109) hinnatud tugevused (prosotsiaalsus) ning raskused (internaliseeritud ja eksternaliseeritud probleemid), mis on kaardistatud tugevuste ja raskuste küsimustiku (SDQ) kaudu. Tulemustest selgus, et arvutitestis paremaid tulemusi saanud õpilased said õpetajatelt kõrgemad prosotsiaalsuse hinnangud ning madalamaid internaliseeritud ja eksternaliseeritud probleemide hinnangud; lastevanemate hinnangud ei olnud testitulemustega oluliselt seotud.
Summary
The identity of young academics at the University of Tartu, in the light of neoliberal controls
Authors: Steinbach Kadri , Kõuts-Klemm Ragne , Remmik Marvi 
Published: April 2022

Viimastel kümnenditel on uurijate tähelepanu keskpunktis olnud neoliberaalne pööre kõrghariduses, mille olulisemate ilmingutena nähakse orienteerumist "turu" nõuetele, tudengite muutumist klientideks, projektipõhisust. Neoliberaalne pööre mõjutab ka õppejõudude ametialast enesemääratlust, mille üheks tulemuseks on mõõdikute rolli suurenemine õppejõu töö hindamisel. Artikli eesmärk on analüüsida, millist tähendust omistavad õppejõud mõõdikutele oma ametialase enesemääratluse eri tasanditel: individuaalsel, organisatoorsel ning riigi tasandil. Selleks tehti poolstruktureeritud intervjuud Tartu Ülikooli alla 40-aastaste kaasprofessoritega. Intervjuud näitasid, et õppejõud tajuvad teravalt mõõdikute mõju – individuaalsel tasandil tekitab see pingeid ning stressi, organisatsiooni tasandil on probleemiks lineaarne karjäärimudel ja liigne ühtlustamine ning riigi tasandil kõrghariduse rahastusega kaasnev probleemistik.
Summary
Seminar "Päritud oskused. Visuaalse dokumenteerimise võimalused" / Visual documentation in words and images
Authors: Matsin Ave 
Published: April 2022

On 20 November 2013, the Department of Estonian Native Crafts University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy organized a seminar in Viljandi devoted to studying native artisanal skills. The best way to acquire and pass on skills is to work with a master. But how and how much can technical processes be visually documented so that they are a valuable resource for other masters and researchers? At the seminar, Ave Matsin, Helgi Põllo, Anu Pink, Imre Annus and Vaike Reemann delivered presentations that drew attention to questions and problems related to visual documentation. Setting of goals was considered the most important point: what is documented and how it is documented. Another area of discussion focused on the extent to which, if at all, a documenter (videographer or photographer) should themselves be proficient in the technique being studied. The presentations were followed by workshops by National Museum specialists Anu Ansu and Maido Selgmäe, where film and photography matters were discussed in more detail. To sum up, the seminar left participants with the message that various possibilities of visual documentation represent important instruments for recording for posterity and studying native technologies as well as a way to find and implement new sources.
Keywords: inherited skills, skills, visual documentation
Katse õpetada palkehitust infotehnoloogia vahendusel / An attempt to teach log building using information technology
Authors: Malinen Anssi 
Published: April 2022

The current paper gives an overview on a pilot course arranged at Oulu vocational college where the applicability of digital media in log construction training was tested. This was done by using two learning videos showing the construction of two traditional corner notches. The videos were uploaded to YouTube, which allowed the students to watch them freely using a tablet computer and wireless internet connection. There were no teachers on the course, so the students had to work independently.
After the pilot course it is possible to conclude that using digital video material as a primary learning method is a suitable way to learn new log construction techniques. Also the feedback from the students was positive. According the students the main benefit of the video-based learning is the possibility of advancing independently, since there is no need to wait for instructions from a teacher. However, there has to be a special emphasis on the quality of the learning material, since the videos must provide sufficient support in situations which are possibly problematic.
Keywords: log building education, e-learning, video-learning, teacher’s mobility
Laulupidu ehtemeistrite moodi: ülevaade 2014. aasta laulupeol toimunud rahvuslike ehete valmistamise näidistöötoa ettevalmistustest ja selle läbiviimisest / Song celebration in the jeweller's style
Authors: Kaseoja Anna-Maria 
Published: April 2022

A workshop of making Estonian native jewellery took place in the beginning of July in 2014 during the Song Celebration and lasted for two days. The workshop was organised by two students of Viljandi Culture Academy, Indrek Ikkonen and Anna-Maria Kaseoja. The project involved acquiring a goldsmith's toolbox and tools, carrying out the workshop and introducing the curriculum of Estonian Native Metalwork to those interested. On the first day brooches and earrings with national motifs were made in the workshop. In addition, visitors’ broken brooches and rings were repaired. From the workshop, the organisers gained the experience of communicating with visitors and working outside the school enviroment.
Keywords: Estonian Song Celebration, Estonian traditional jewellery, jewellery workshop
Here a stitch, there a stitch: a committee working on specialised terminologies for craft studies
Authors: Jaanus Marja-Leena 
Published: April 2022

“Here a stitch, there a stitch“ is something one is likely to utter while working with their hands and demonstrating a particular technique. Specialised terminology facilitates professional communication, so that each “here“ and “there“ has an exact equivalent, a term based on agreement between professionals in the field.
The committee of specialised terminologies in craft studies was established by the Estonian Native Crafts Department at the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy on 29th April 2016 to tackle these very problems and to reach agreement upon precise terminology. As specialised terminology is created by professionals in the field, the committee is made up of lecturers specialising in craftwork, handicraft scholars, and guest specialists whose particular field is under discussion.
The committee has so far met on three occasions and has addressed the general terms of handicraft studies, but the suggestions made by MA students, to whom specialised terminology is essential when writing their theses, have also been discussed.
Terms which have received approval from the committee will be included in the term database ‘Specialised Terminology of Craft Studies’, which can be found along with other term databases at the Institute of the Estonian Language’s website: term.eki.ee. Everyone who uses handicraft terminology is welcome to suggest new terms to the committee.
Kihulasele – abimootoriga jalgrattale ja rohtunud radade sissetallajale / To Meelis Kihulane – a motorized bicycle and a breaker of overgrown paths
Authors: Parts Priit-Kalev 
Published: April 2022

Vakad, karbid, sõelad – painutatud kerega esemete valmistamine, the new book by Meelis Kihulane on making bentwood boxes and sieves, keeps alive the proud tradition of classical Estonian ethnography, at the same time as imparting to its readers the insight and hands-on approach of a true practitioner. The book is presented in the form of a practical handbook with video appendices – or a ’videobook’.
From the perspective of teaching the practice, the book is skilfully composed and the photos carefully selected and unbelievably well photographed. The author’s substantial experience as an instructor, and also the resoluteness of the editors (museum curators by profession), has indisputably played its part here.
Vakad, karbid, sõelad poses some questions about the future of storage media used for presenting information on handicraft in general. The production of the videos accompanying the book is at a high professional level and they are an excellent addition to the book, but the combination of a traditional book and a non-descript thumb-drive creates a somewhat uncomfortable consumer experience.
Kihulane’s two-part work is thus somewhat reminiscent of an old motorised bicycle – a tad too clumsy for riding down overgrown ethnographic paths on a summer night, yet too bulky with its atavistic pedals for cycling any faster. But such is the fate of a pioneer…
Taasloovast kudumisest Muhu sõrmkinnaste näitel / Reconstruction knitting of a pair of Muhu gloves
Authors: Jõeste Kristi 
Published: April 2022

In the article, renowned artisan knitter Kristi Jõeste with 20 years of experience, provides a detailed description of the process of the reconstructional knitting of a pair of Muhu traditional gloves. Using the widespread reconstruction method in combination with an autoethnographic approach enables the practitioner’s personal bodily/tacit knowledge to be made explicit. Making Muhu traditional gloves is one of the most complicated tasks facing Estonian knitters, due to the use of fine threads and knitting needles, as well as the demanding techniques the work requires. Describing the key moments in the process of reconstructional glove-knitting enables her to share useful information with other reconstructional knitters.
The object of this descriptive research experiment is a pair of Muhu gloves VM VM 9168:56 E 535 held by Viljandi Museum. This pair represents the tradition of women’s gloves with colourful horizontal patterns that was practiced in Muhu at the beginning of the 20th century. The gloves were made with a crocheted cuff to which the hand was later seamed or knitted. While the author provides an overview and explains the problems she encountered and the solutions she found, the purpose of the article is not, however, to compile a standard pattern and instruction, such as can be found in knitting manuals.
Due to the global Covid19 pandemic, the museum was closed at the time of the knitting experiment. While the author was able to use high-resolution museum photographs of the gloves, she had no access to the gloves themselves, which meant that she had to draw upon her own experience, rather than being able to gain detailed information about the length of floats and some other technical details directly from the gloves themselves.
The author did not dye the threads to match the exact colour of the original as that would have taken too much time. She bought 12/2 Danish carded woollen threads with similar colours from the Saara web shop, and used no 1 and 1.25 knitting needles and a no 1.5 crochet hook. The wrist part was crocheted with 92 crochet stitches and seamed with hands knitted with 100 to 120 stitches. In order to achieve symmetry under the thumbs, the stitches were increased at the sides where the next row started; this same technique has been used on the original gloves.
For knitting the monochrome fingers, the spiral decrease method was used for the fingertips, just as it had been on the original pair. The reconstructed pair of gloves is the same size as the original, it fits well, and was knitted in 38 hours and 40 minutes.
Keywords: reconstruction, autoethnography, traditional knitting, hand knitting, Muhu gloves
Prantsuse kuningakojast Eestimaa talutarre: hüpoteese pott- ja kabimütside päritolust pärandtehnoloogi pilgu läbi / From French royal court to Estonian peasant house: some hypotheses about the origin of pot- and hoof-shaped caps from the perspective
Authors: Lehis Maret 
Published: April 2022

It has been thought that pot- and hoof-shaped caps were adopted in Estonia under the influence of peasant fashion in other European countries, especially Sweden and Finland. However, when compared to the head-dresses worn in Finland, the methods of making Estonian pot- and hoof-shaped caps seem so different, the question arises of whether the roots of this cap-making technique might be located elsewhere. For example, the technique and patterns used for making pot- and hoof-shaped caps are more reminiscent of Russian kokoshnik head-dresses.
It can be concluded that pot- and hoof-shaped caps worn in northern and western Estonia originate from the French coif of the later Middle Ages, although further developments mean that the caps we now have are rather different from their model, in terms of both shape and pattern. Our ethnographic literaturedoes not mention the strong influence of Russian folk costumes on Estonian traditional clothing. However, judging by construction techniques we may assume that pot- and hoof-shaped caps did not reach Estonia via Scandinavia. We should rather look for the source of this cap fashion in the east.
Hopefully this article will inspire fresh research work on ethnographic headgear. This broad research topic continues to be important as head-dresses have constituted, at all times, one of the most essential and expressive elements of costume, and interest in traditional clothing is still growing.
Keywords: caps, coifs, national costumes, pot-shaped caps, hoof-shaped caps, French cap, kokoshnik