bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelesapan Unsur Kalimat Bahasa Jepang dalam Materi Chuujoukyuu Dokkai
Authors: Hamidah Aam , Rahmalia Shabrina , Najmudin Onin 
Published: November 2022

Membaca adalah aktivitas yang sering dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari baik sengaja atau tidak sengaja, seperti membaca sebuah berita, pengumuman, sebuah petunjuk dan lain lain. Menurut Tarigan membaca adalah sebagai suatu proses yang dilakukan serta dipergunakan oleh pembaca untuk memperoleh pesan yang hendak disampaikan oleh penulis melalui media kata kata /bahasa tulisan. Dalam memahami suatu kalimat atau suatu bacaan, khususnya kalimat bahasa jepang, banyak faktor-faktor yang yang harus dipahami yaitu kemampuan memahami kosakata, kanji, pembentukan kata, sintaksis dan lain-lain. Dalam tataran bidang linguistik, sintaksis adalah ilmu yang membahas tentang Unsur-unsur kalimat, secara umum dalam pembentukan kalimat yaitu terdiri dari Subjek, Predikat, Objek, kata keterangan. Sutedi mengemukakan bahwa unsur kalimat dalam bahasa Jepang Secara garis besar terdiri dari; (1) subjek (主語) (2) Predikat (述語) 3. Objek (対象語) (4) keterangan（状況語）5. Modifikator （修飾語）5. konjugasi（接続後 (Dasar-Dasar Linguistik Bahasa Jepang: 73). Dalam suatu bacaan adakalanya unsur-unsur kalimat tersebut hilang atau ada pelesapan (ellipsis), dalam bahasa jepang pelesapan ini disebut shouryakugo（省略語）。Dalam KBBI pelesapan adalah penghilangan unsur (subjek, predikat, objek, keterangan pada sebuah struktur secara sengaja untuk mengefektifkan kalimat, sebab unsur itu sama dengan yang ada pada struktur yang lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui Kalimat –kalimat bahasa Jepang yang mengandung unsur pelesapan/elipsis dalam buku materi pelajaraan kemahiran membaca tingkat memengah (中上級　読解). Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kwalitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kalimat yang mengalami pelesapan adalah 41 unsur kalimat dengan penjelasan sebagai berikut; 1). Pelesapan bagian kalimat yang menyatakan nomina topik 15 buah. 2). Pelesapan bagian kalimat yang menanyatakan klausa ada 26 buah. 3). Pelesapan bagian kalimat yang menyatakan nomina subjek ada satu buah. 4). Pelesapan unsur kalimat yang menunjukkan predikat verba ada satu buah.
The Contribution of Individual Leadership Attributes towards Academic Performance, Arusha City Public Primary Schools, Tanzania: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Emanuel Noah , Kessy Hyasinta , Kyando Newton 
Published: November 2022

Leadership attributes are a fundamental aspect of organizational success. It is argued here that children’s academic performance is linked to the individual leadership characteristics of school principals. School principals promote and enhance positive attitudes toward school, increasing student engagement, and ultimately improving academic performance. This paper sought to examine the contribution of individual leadership attributes to children’s academic performance. Eleven individual leadership attributes: dependability, straight forwardness, fair-mindedness, inspirational, forward thinking, competence, honesty, creativity, supportiveness, intelligence and broad mindedness, are considered. This study adopted the Trait and Skills theories of leadership attributed to Thomas Carlyle and Mumford et al. A mixed methods research approach was employed.
Genetic Analysis for Phenological Characters in Desi x Desi Crosses of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Timely and Late Sown Conditions
Authors: Ola Mahaveer Prasad , Jain S. K. , Nehra Mali Ram , Choudhary Rekha , Nehra Anju 
Published: November 2022

Aims: To study of gene effects for phenological characters in chickpea crosses under different environmental conditions.
Study Design: Compact family block design (CFBD was followed.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura (SKNAU, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasathan) during rabi 2020-2022.
Methodology: The experimental material consisted of parents (P1, P2), F1’s, F2’s, and back crosses with both the parents (B1 and B2) of three chickpea crosses. The six basic generations viz., P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of the three crosses viz., RSG-807 × RSG-895, RSG-895 × HC-5 and RSG-974 × Avrodhi were raised in compact family block design (CFBD) with three replications with two environments viz., timely sown (E1) condition and late sown (E2) conditions which were created by different date of sowing, first- November and first-December, 2021, respectively.
Results: Pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) over environments and simple ANOVA for difference among generations within cross in each environment were observed significant in all three crosses for both the characters. Means values of all six generations were lower in late sown condition as compare to timely sown condition in all cases. Simple additive-dominance model was found inadequate for both of the characters studied in all the crosses under both the conditions. The result of the generation mean analysis showed that non-additive gene effects were more contributed for the inheritance of traits in most of the cases, then additive gene effects.
Conclusion: Among the all crosses, the mean performance of f1 generation of cross RSG-807 × RSG-895 was found low for days to 50 % flowering as well as maturity under both the conditions and durations of flowering and maturity were hastened under late sown conditions; therefore, early maturity varieties may be developed. However, due to presence of non-fixable gene effects selection for short durations for flowering and maturity will not effective in early segregating generations. In such situations, simple pedigree method of selection alone is ineffective. Instead, biparental mating followed by selection of desired recombinants from the segregating population is desirable. Since considerable amount of dominance effect was also present for most of the traits, selection of superior segregants has to be delayed to later generations until homozygosity is achieved.
Antifungal Activity of Verticillin D Isolated from Clonostachys rosea EC28 against Alternaria burnsii and Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Dominique Sagou , Alex Pakora Gilles , Dodehe Yeo , Elisha Amari Ler-N'Gon Dade George 
Published: November 2022

Alternaria leaf spot and white crown rot caused respectively by Alternaria sp and Sclerotium rolfsii are responsible for significant economic losses in tomato cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. Chemical control of these diseases has its limits due to the harmful effects of synthetic fungicides on the environment and the health of farmers and populations. As a result, biological control through the use of biocontrol agents represents one of the alternative solutions. Clonostaschys rosea EC 28, a biocontrol agent is an endophyte fungus isolated from Ceiba pentandra, whose objective of this study was to show the antifungal properties of verticillin D produced by this fungus against A. burnsii and S. rolfsii. C. rosea EC 28 was cultured on rice medium and extracted with ethyl acetate. Open silica gel column chromatography of this crude extract led to the purification of two secondary metabolites that were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR as verticillin D and ergosterol. The activity in vitro antigerminative of A. burnsii spores and against growth mycelial growth of S. rolfsii of these molecules have been determined. Verticillin D inhibited A. burnsii spore germination and growth mycelial growth of S. rolfsii with respective MICs of 0.25 mg / mL and 5mg/ mL. Ergosterol n / A present none activity antifungal. These results provide a database for the use of Clonostachys rosea EC 28 as a potential biocontrol agent for two major tomato diseases in Ivory Coast.
Association Between Racial Wealth Inequities and Racial Disparities in Longevity Among US Adults and Role of Reparations Payments, 1992 to 2018
Authors: Himmelstein Kathryn E. W. , Lawrence Jourdyn A. , Jahn Jaquelyn L. , Ceasar Joniqua N. , Morse Michelle , Bassett Mary T. , Wispelwey Bram P. , Darity William A. , Venkataramani Atheendar S. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceIn the US, Black individuals die younger than White individuals and have less household wealth, a legacy of slavery, ongoing discrimination, and discriminatory public policies. The role of wealth inequality in mediating racial health inequities is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the contribution of wealth inequities to the longevity gap that exists between Black and White individuals in the US and to model the potential effects of reparations payments on this gap.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed the association between wealth and survival among participants in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel study of community-dwelling noninstitutionalized US adults 50 years or older that assessed data collected from April 1992 to July 2019. Participants included 7339 non-Hispanic Black (hereinafter Black) and 26 162 non-Hispanic White (hereinafter White) respondents. Data were analyzed from January 1 to September 17, 2022.ExposuresHousehold wealth, the sum of all assets (including real estate, vehicles, and investments), minus the value of debts.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality by the end of survey follow-up in 2018. Using parametric survival models, the associations among household wealth, race, and survival were evaluated, adjusting for age, sex, number of household members, and marital status. Additional models controlled for educational level and income. The survival effects of eliminating the current mean wealth gap with reparations payments ($828 055 per household) were simulated.ResultsOf the 33 501 individuals in the sample, a weighted 50.1% were women, and weighted mean (SD) age at study entry was 59.3 (11.1) years. Black participants’ median life expectancy was 77.5 (95% CI, 77.0-78.2) years, 4 years shorter than the median life expectancy for White participants (81.5 [95% CI, 81.2-81.8] years). Adjusting for demographic variables, Black participants had a hazard ratio for death of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.18-1.34) compared with White participants. After adjusting for differences in wealth, survival did not differ significantly by race (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.92-1.08]). In simulations, reparations to close the mean racial wealth gap were associated with reductions in the longevity gap by 65.0% to 102.5%.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that differences in wealth are associated with the longevity gap that exists between Black and White individuals in the US. Reparations payments to eliminate the racial wealth gap might substantially narrow racial inequities in mortality.
A Provider‐Based Approach to Address Racial Disparities in Lupus Clinical Trial Participation
Authors: Wanty Nicole I. , Cooper Dexter L. , Simkus Andrew , Twombly Eric C. , McCalla Sheryl , Holtz S. Kristen D. , Langford Aisha T. , Cozart Thometta , Gorlitsky Barry , Moore Catherine , Culton Donna , Richardson Christopher T. , Wardrop Richard M. , Newcomb Jeff , Aranow Cynthia , Lim Sam , Anandarajah Allen , Sheikh Saira Z. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveSubstantial disparities exist in clinical trial participation, which is problematic in diseases such as lupus that disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minority populations. Our objective was to examine the effectiveness of an online educational course aiming to train medical providers to refer Black and Latino patients to lupus clinical trials (LCTs).MethodsThe American College of Rheumatology's Materials to Increase Minority Involvement in Clinical Trials (MIMICT) study used an online, randomized, 2‐group, pretest/posttest design with medical and nursing providers of multiple specialties. We exposed intervention group participants to an education course, while the control group participants received no intervention. Controlling for the effects of participant characteristics, including specialty, and professional experience with lupus, we modeled relationships among exposure to the education course and changes in knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy, and intentions to refer Black and Latino patients to LCTs. We also examined education course satisfaction.ResultsCompared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly higher posttest scores for knowledge, self‐efficacy, and intentions to refer Black and Latino patients to LCTs. Both medical and nursing trained intervention group participants had significantly higher mean posttest scores for knowledge and intentions to refer compared to the medical and nursing trained control group participants. Attitude was insignificant in analysis. The online education course, which received a favorable summary score, indicated that satisfaction and intentions to refer were strongly and positively correlated.ConclusionThe MIMICT education course is an effective method to educate medical providers about LCTs and to improve their intentions to refer Black and Latino patients.
Recent Progress of Bismuth Effect on All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Metal Halide Derivatives: Crystals Structure, Luminescence Properties, and Applications
Authors: Wei Yi , Wang Wei , Wang Zhennan , Yang Hang , You Xinyu , Zhao Yunna , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Hao Jianhua , Li Guogang , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBismuth (Bi3+)‐included lead‐free metal halide (LFMH) materials attract much attention in lighting, display, photodetectors, X‐ray detectors, and photovoltaic fields, due to the tunable luminescence and optoelectronic performance in response to crystal and electronic structure, morphology, and particle sizes. This review summarizes Bi3+‐included LFMH materials about their preparation approach, crystal and electronic structure properties, luminescence performance, and emerging applications. Notably, Bi3+ ions not only can act as framework cation to construct stable LFMH structure, but can also incorporate into LFMH materials as activators or sensitizers to generate remarkable luminescence tuning and band engineering. The Bi3+ effect on the luminescence and optoelectronic properties of LFMH materials, including, promotion of exciton localization, enhancement of light absorption in near‐ultraviolet region, action as sensitizer ions to transfer energy to rare earth or transition metal ions and emission of highly‐efficient light is systematically summarized. The proposed structure‐luminescence relationship offers guidance for the optimization of current Bi3+‐included LFMH materials and the exploitation of new LFMH derivatives.
Ultralow‐Power Vertical Transistors for Multilevel Decoding Modes
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Enlong , Wang Yongshuai , Gao Changsong , Wang Congyong , Li Lin , Geng Dechao , Chen Huipeng , Chen Wei , Hu Wenping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors with parallel transmission and learning functions are of interest in the development of brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing. However, the poor performance and high power consumption are the two main issues limiting their practical applications. Herein, an ultralow‐power vertical transistor is demonstrated based on transition‐metal carbides/nitrides (MXene) and organic single crystal. The transistor exhibits a high JON of 16.6 mA cm−2 and a high JON/JOFF ratio of 9.12 × 105 under an ultralow working voltage of −1 mV. Furthermore, it can successfully simulate the functions of biological synapse under electrical modulation along with consuming only 8.7 aJ of power per spike. It also permits multilevel information decoding modes with a significant gap between the readable time of professionals and nonprofessionals, producing a high signal‐to‐noise ratio up to 114.15 dB. This work encourages the use of vertical transistors and organic single crystal in decoding information and advances the development of low‐power neuromorphic systems.
On‐Demand Polarization Controllable Liquid Crystal Laser
Authors: Ali Taimoor , Elston Steve J. , Lin Jia‐De , Morris Stephen M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA polarization controllable band‐edge liquid crystal (LC) laser configuration is presented that provides on‐demand control of the polarization state of the laser using a four electrode in‐plane configuration to drive a nematic LC layer. By controlling the orientation of the electric field, and thus the orientation of the optic axis of the nematic LC, as well as the retardance, any laser polarization state (e.g., circular, elliptical) can, in principle, be created that is aligned along any desired direction in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. After calibrating the tuneable nematic device with a He‐Ne laser that has a well‐defined polarization state, control of the LC laser polarization is then demonstrated, where it is shown that different polarization states and orientations thereof can be obtained by changing the relative combination and amplitudes of the voltages applied to each of the four electrodes. It is found, however, that achieving a pure linear polarization state is challenging, which may indicate that the polarization from the LC laser is not a well‐defined circularly polarized state. These thin‐film LC lasers with full polarization control are potentially important for a variety of different applications ranging from the biomedical to the display industries.
Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Viewing‐Angle‐Independent Janus Structural Colors
Authors: De Chen Jing , Liu Hui‐Min , Ren Hao , Zhang Ye‐Fan , Hou Hong‐Yi , Li Yan‐Qing , Su Zisheng , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) hold great promise for applications ranging from building‐integrated photovoltaics to portable electronic devices, yet often challenging over the realization of color tunability. The structural colors generated by microcavity, subwavelength grating, or photonic crystals are highly dependent on the viewing angle, which limits the application of STOSCs in real scenarios. Herein, the spectrally selective substrates consisting of silica spheres‐based amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) are proposed to unify the optical spectra of STOSCs at different viewing angles. By optimizing the periodicity of APCs, STOSCs exhibit viewing‐angle‐independent reflection with colors varying from blue to pink. The synergetic interplay between the reflection of APCs and the absorption of active layer results in the Janus optical effect that the transmitted light is fixed at blue regardless of the reflected color. The STOSCs on flexible plastic retain the stable color even at bending state. These results pave the way for the potential application of colorful solar photovoltaic glass curtains.
Synthesis of Novel 3’,3’‐cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues Targeting STING Protein
Authors: Magand Jérémy , Roy Vincent , Meudal Hervé , Rose Stéphanie , Quesniaux Valérie , Chalupska Dominika , Agrofoglio Luigi A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) plays an important role in innate immunity by inducing type I interferons in response to sensing viral or bacterial cytosolic DNA. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are known to activate STING. Here, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of two new 3’,3’‐CDN, in which the internucleotide linkages were replaced, respectively, by a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety (as more stable isosteres of phosphate linkers) and an unsaturated carbon chain (as flexibility can led to crucial binding affinity and specificity). Thus, CuAAC and macrocyclization by RCM are the two key steps.
Encapsulating Metal Nanoparticles into a Layered Zeolite Precursor with Surface Silanol Nests Enhances Sintering Resistance**
Authors: Li Ang , Zhang Yuyan , Heard Christopher J. , Gołąbek Kinga , Ju Xiaohui , Čejka Jiří , Mazur Michal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSupported metal nanoparticles are used as heterogeneous catalysts but often deactivated due to sintering at high temperatures. Confining metal species into a porous matrix reduces sintering, yet supports rarely provide additional stabilization. Here, we used the silanol‐rich layered zeolite IPC‐1P to stabilize ultra‐small Rh nanoparticles. By adjusting the IPC‐1P interlayer space through swelling, we prepared various architectures, including microporous and disordered mesoporous. In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy confirmed that Rh nanoparticles are resistant to sintering at high temperature (750 °C, 6 hrs). Rh clusters strongly bind to surface silanol quadruplets at IPC‐1P layers by hydrogen transfer to clusters, while high silanol density hinders their migration based on density functional theory calculations. Ultimately, combining swelling with long‐chain surfactant and utilizing metal‐silanol interactions resulted in a novel, catalytically active material—Rh@IPC_C22.
Combining Deep Eutectic Solvents with TEMPO‐based Polymer Electrodes: Influence of Molar Ratio on Electrode Performance**
Authors: Uhl Matthias , Geng Tanja , Schuster Philipp A. , Schick Benjamin W. , Kruck Matthias , Fuoss Alexander , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Jacob Timo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor sustainable energy storage, all‐organic batteries based on redox‐active polymers promise to become an alternative to lithium ion batteries. Yet, polymers contribute to the goal of an all‐organic cell as electrodes or as solid electrolytes. Here, we replace the electrolyte with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) and N‐methylacetamide (NMA), while using poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl‐oxyl methacrylate) (PTMA) as cathode. The successful combination of a DES with a polymer electrode is reported here for the first time. The electrochemical stability of PTMA electrodes in the DES at the eutectic molar ratio of 1 : 6 is comparable to conventional battery electrolytes. More viscous electrolytes with higher salt concentration can hinder cycling at high rates. Lower salt concentration leads to decreasing capacities and faster decomposition. The eutectic mixture of 1 : 6 is best suited uniting high stability and moderate viscosity.
Does Charge Influence the Response in Oxyanion Binding Europium(III) Complexes?
Authors: Hery Simon , Grenier Laura L. A. , Sørensen Thomas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThrough the synthesis of a positively charged europium complex, with a structure derived from the DO2A (1, 4, 7, 10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1, 7‐diacetic acid), we were able to explore the influence of charge on the interaction between coordinatively unsaturated lanthanide complexes and charged oxyanions. The data suggest that the positive charge of the lanthanide host does not allow better selectivity between the differently and negatively charged oxyanion guests. Although, binding constants seem greatly improved with charge for the α‐hydroxycarboxylates investigated here.
Antiparasitic activities of bimetallic N‐heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes with ferrocene ligands: Relevance of chlorido and phosphino ligands
Authors: Al Nasr Ibrahim S. , Weise Markus , Koko Waleed S. , Khan Tariq A. , Schobert Rainer , Biersack Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

Gold(I) complexes carrying imidazole‐2‐ylidene ligands and ferrocene substituents were prepared. Their activities against protozoal Leishmania major and Toxoplasma gondii parasites were analyzed. Certain gold(I) complexes with chlorido and 1,1′‐bis(triphenylphosphino)ferrocene ligands revealed promising antiparasitic effects. The new chlorido complexes 5b and 5c showed high activities against T. gondii tachyzoites and L. major promastigotes while the new ferrocene‐bridged bis‐gold(I) complexes 8a and 8b were particularly active against L. major amastigotes and considerably selective as to toxicity results from Vero cells and macrophages.