bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial temporal lobe contributions to resting-state networks
Authors: Seoane Sara , Modroño Cristián , González-Mora José Luis , Janssen Niels 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a set of interconnected brain regions that have been shown to play a central role in behavior as well as in neurological disease. Recent studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) have attempted to understand the MTL in terms of its functional connectivity with the rest of the brain. However, the exact characterization of the whole-brain networks that co-activate with the MTL as well as how the various sub-regions of the MTL are associated with these networks remains poorly understood. Here, we attempted to advance these issues by exploiting the high spatial resolution 7T rsfMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project with a data-driven analysis approach that relied on independent component analysis (ICA) restricted to the MTL. We found that four different well-known resting-state networks co-activated with a unique configuration of MTL subcomponents. Specifically, we found that different sections of the parahippocampal cortex were involved in the default mode, visual and dorsal attention networks; sections of the hippocampus in the somatomotor and default mode networks; and the lateral entorhinal cortex in the dorsal attention network. We replicated this set of results in a validation sample. These results provide new insight into how the MTL and its subcomponents contribute to known resting-state networks. The participation of the MTL in an expanded range of resting-state networks is in line with recent proposals on MTL function.
Augmented reality-based border management
Authors: Shakeri Maryam , Sadeghi-Niaraki Abolghasem , Choi Soo-Mi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA proficient border management has typically been tied to its capability to support information structuring and to make exchanges from the distributed sources. The lack of a proper access interface to information at the right time and the right place to conduct various activities. Augmented reality (AR) has been proposed as an efficient interface in order to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of activities in the real world. There has only been a limited amount of research that has evaluated the effectiveness and usability of AR in the border management domain. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of border management and AR system integration to enhance the activities’ efficiency through improving the information retrieval process. The system development steps were adopted to design, develop, and evaluate the border management AR (BM AR) system. The system contains three AR services that include pointing to border objects, showing the borderline, and locating border objects. The system also integrates the information from different resources in an interoperable way using GIS web services. The results revealed the effectiveness of using AR for border activities, which can reduce the operating costs and effectively, access the required information for doing different activities in the border field.
Electrical and Immunohistochemical Properties of Cochlear Fibrocytes in 3D Cell Culture and in the Excised Spiral Ligament of Mice
Authors: Osborn A. , Caruana D. , Furness D. N. , Evans M. G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibrocyte degeneration in the cochlear lateral wall is one possible pathology of age-related metabolic hearing loss (presbycusis). Within the lateral wall fibrocytes play a role in potassium recycling and maintenance of the endocochlear potential. It has been proposed that cell replacement therapy could prevent fibrocyte degeneration in the CD/1 mouse model of hearing loss. For this to work, the replacement fibrocytes would need to take over the structural and physiological role of those lost. We have grown lateral wall fibrocytes from neonatal CD/1 mice in a 3D-collagen gel culture with the aim of assessing their functional similarity to native lateral wall fibrocytes, the latter in a slice preparation and in excised spiral ligament pieces. We have compared cultured and native fibrocytes using both immuno-labelling of characteristic proteins and single cell electrophysiology. Cultured fibrocytes exhibited rounded cell bodies with extending processes. They labelled with marker antibodies targeting aquaporin 1 and calcium-binding protein S-100, precluding an unambiguous identification of fibrocyte type. In whole-cell voltage clamp, both native and cultured fibrocytes exhibited non-specific currents and voltage-dependent K+ currents. The non-specific currents from gel-cultured and excised spiral ligament fibrocytes were partially and reversibly blocked by external TEA (10 mM). The TEA-sensitive current had a mean reversal potential of + 26 mV, suggesting a permeability sequence of Na+  > K+. These findings indicate that 3D-cultured fibrocytes share a number of characteristics with native spiral ligament fibrocytes and thus might represent a suitable population for transplantation therapy aimed at treating age-related hearing loss.
Learning Elliptic Partial Differential Equations with Randomized Linear Algebra
Authors: Boullé Nicolas , Townsend Alex 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiven input–output pairs of an elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) in three dimensions, we derive the first theoretically rigorous scheme for learning the associated Green’s function G. By exploiting the hierarchical low-rank structure of G, we show that one can construct an approximant to G that converges almost surely and achieves a relative error of $$\mathcal {O}(\varGamma _\epsilon ^{-1/2}\log ^3(1/\epsilon )\epsilon )$$

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using at most $$\mathcal {O}(\epsilon ^{-6}\log ^4(1/\epsilon ))$$

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input–output training pairs with high probability, for any $$0<\epsilon <1$$

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. The quantity $$0<\varGamma _\epsilon \le 1$$

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characterizes the quality of the training dataset. Along the way, we extend the randomized singular value decomposition algorithm for learning matrices to Hilbert–Schmidt operators and characterize the quality of covariance kernels for PDE learning.
A capaciflector provides continuous and accurate respiratory rate monitoring for patients at rest and during exercise
Authors: Hayward Nick , Shaban Mahdi , Badger James , Jones Isobel , Wei Yang , Spencer Daniel , Isichei Stefania , Knight Martin , Otto James , Rayat Gurinder , Levett Denny , Grocott Michael , Akerman Harry , White Neil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRespiratory rate (RR) is a marker of critical illness, but during hospital care, RR is often inaccurately measured. The capaciflector is a novel sensor that is small, inexpensive, and flexible, thus it has the potential to provide a single-use, real-time RR monitoring device. We evaluated the accuracy of continuous RR measurements by capaciflector hardware both at rest and during exercise. Continuous RR measurements were made with capaciflectors at four chest locations. In healthy subjects (n = 20), RR was compared with strain gauge chest belt recordings during timed breathing and two different body positions at rest. In patients undertaking routine cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET, n = 50), RR was compared with pneumotachometer recordings. Comparative RR measurement bias and limits of agreement were calculated and presented in Bland–Altman plots. The capaciflector was shown to provide continuous RR measurements with a bias less than 1 breath per minute (BPM) across four chest locations. Accuracy and continuity of monitoring were upheld even during vigorous CPET exercise, often with narrower limits of agreement than those reported for comparable technologies. We provide a unique clinical demonstration of the capaciflector as an accurate breathing monitor, which may have the potential to become a simple and affordable medical device.Clinical trial number: NCT03832205 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03832205
registered February 6th, 2019.
A Spin Glass Model for the Loss Surfaces of Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Baskerville Nicholas P. , Keating Jonathan P. , Mezzadri Francesco , Najnudel Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a novel mathematical model that seeks to capture the key design feature of generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our model consists of two interacting spin glasses, and we conduct an extensive theoretical analysis of the complexity of the model’s critical points using techniques from Random Matrix Theory. The result is insights into the loss surfaces of large GANs that build upon prior insights for simpler networks, but also reveal new structure unique to this setting which explains the greater difficulty of training GANs.
A high-cycle accumulation model for clay and its application to monopile foundations
Authors: Staubach Patrick , Machaček Jan , Tafili Merita , Wichtmann Torsten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA high-cycle accumulation (HCA) model predicting the accumulation of permanent strain or excess pore water pressure in clay under a large number of load cycles is presented. Data from an extensive laboratory testing program on kaolin under undrained cyclic loading has been analysed for that purpose. The influence of strain amplitude, void ratio, stress ratio, overconsolidation ratio and loading frequency on the accumulation rates is considered in the constitutive equations of the HCA model. The proposed model is validated first by the simulation of element tests. Subsequently, its application to offshore wind turbine foundations under long-term lateral cyclic loading is presented by the back-analysis of a centrifuge test on a monopile in soft clay. The results are in good accordance with the measurements in terms of pile displacement and bending moment versus number of applied cycles. It is concluded that the proposed model is feasible to describe the long-term behaviour of clay subjected to high-cyclic loading.
Simvastatin Improves Outcomes of Endotoxin-induced Coagulopathy by Regulating Intestinal Microenvironment
Authors: Xu Min , Luo Li-li , Du Meng-yi , Tang Lu , Zhou Jie , Hu Yu , Mei Heng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
The systemic inflammatory response is regarded as the major cause of endotoxin-induced coagulopathy, which is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with severe sepsis. Simvastatin plays an important role in reducing inflammation. In addition, the gut has long been hypothesized to be the “motor” of critical illness, driving or aggravating sepsis by the increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. Whether simvastatin plays a role in severe endotoxin-induced coagulopathy through the gut is unclear.

Methods
In this study, mice were administered 20 mg/kg simvastatin by gavage for 2 weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg endotoxin. Twelve h later, cytokine release, coagulation dysfunction, organ damage, and survival were assessed. Besides, the intestinal barrier, permeability, bacteria abundance, and translocation were evaluated.

Results
We found that the severity of endotoxin-induced coagulopathy was significantly improved in simvastatin-pretreated mice, who showed attenuated depletion of coagulation factors and platelets, decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression, reduced organ fibrin deposition, and improved survival time. Also, simvastatin reduced epithelial apoptosis and improved intestinal barrier function by upregulating antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, and mucins. Simvastatin increased Lactobacillales counts, while the lipopolysaccharide group showed increased Desulfovibrio and Mucispirillum, which can produce harmful toxins. Finally, the decreased intestinal permeability in the simvastatin group caused reduced bacterial translocation in the organs and blood, both in terms of quantity and species.

Conclusion
Simvastatin improves the prognosis of severe endotoxemia, and the intestinal microenvironment participates in this process.
Capturing the Influence of Jet Fluctuations on Particles in Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , O’Brien A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInstabilities and fluctuations of the plasma jet in a thermal spray process can have a significant influence on the particle in-flight temperatures and velocities, affecting the properties of resulting plasma-sprayed coatings. Presented in this paper is a novel method for capturing the effects particles are exposed to in the plasma spraying process. High-speed camera images of a plasma jet generated by a cascaded three-cathode plasma generator (TriplexPro-210) were recorded for varying operating conditions. The images are processed using the inverse Abel transform. This transformation accounts for the fact that the images represent a 2D projection of the 3D jet and generates more accurate intensity values that the sprayed particles would experience. These images are then combined with particle tracks resulting from CFD simulations of the plasma jet to match the particles path with the recorded plasma jet. This new method allows a precise description of the plasma intensity experienced by individual particles with a high temporal resolution. The results show a high sensitivity of the method, even detecting the influence on the particles of the plasma jet originating from the cascaded triple arc plasma generator, which is considered as rather stable.
Vibration-Based Tests and Results for the Evaluation of Infill Masonry Walls Influence on the Dynamic Behaviour of Buildings: A Review
Authors: Nicoletti Vanni , Arezzo Davide , Carbonari Sandro , Gara Fabrizio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTests on infill masonry walls have been widely performed by many researchers and for a long time with the main purpose of characterising the infill performance under earthquake-type excitations. However, most of these works deal with laboratory tests on purpose-built specimens. More recently, vibration-based tests have been also adopted to investigate the influence of the non-structural elements on the dynamic behaviour of buildings, with the advantage that this kind of tests can be performed both on laboratory specimens and on in-situ buildings. However, differently from classical infill tests (i.e., monotonic or cyclic lateral load tests, out of plane tests, etc.), a limited number of works is available in the literature discussing the outcomes and possible procedures for testing infilled structures with vibration-based methods aimed to investigate the role of the non-structural components. This paper presents a literature review of research works dealing with vibration-based tests performed on RC frame structures with the main target of discussing the influence of non-structural components on the dynamics of buildings. Tests on infilled buildings performed during the construction, in operating conditions and after the damage occurred due to earthquake shakings, are discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive review about papers discussing vibration-based tests performed on infill masonry walls is presented and in-depth investigated with the aim of finding possible correlations between the dynamic test outcomes and the infill geometric and mechanical properties. From this study it comes out the need of further experimental data on both undamaged and damaged infills in order to get more reliable correlations.
Evaluation of segmentation accuracy and its impact on patient-specific CFD analysis
Authors: Bertolini Michele , Luraghi Giulia , Belicchi Ilaria , Migliavacca Francesco , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMedical image segmentation, especially for biological soft tissues, is an issue of great interest. The aim of this study is to evaluate the segmentation performance of a commercial and an open-source software, to segment aortic root and coronary arteries. 3D printing stereolithography technology was used to generate ground truth models, which were then re-acquired by means of a micro-CT scanner. Measurements from the printed and reconstructed models with both the software were compared, in order to evaluate the level of agreement. In the second phase of this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted, to compare the outputs between the models segmented with the two software. The goal was to understand how differences in the segmentation process propagate in CFD results. Results showed that both software guarantee satisfactory segmentation performance, with average geometrical differences between reconstructed and physical models in the order of a few percentage points. However, when we consider thin details, as a sharp stenotic region, the commercial validated software seems to be more accurate in replicating the real anatomy. We also realized how apparently negligible geometrical differences, varying the employed software, can turn into enormous variations of hemodynamic parameters, such as velocity and wall shear stress, which place in the centre the delicate role the segmentation process holds. This evidence is crucial in the biomedical field and especially in a coronary arteries study, where CFD simulations can be exploited as a starting point for surgery considerations.
A novel method for calculating polymer adsorption in fractures through a dual porosity model
Authors: Sedaee Behnam , Taymourtash Assila 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing demand for energy and limited capacity of available resources of fossil fuels have drawn attention to enhanced oil recovery for maximum use of the available resources. Among different enhanced recovery methods, polymer injection maintains the advantages of water flooding, including the simplicity of this technique, while eliminating some of its drawbacks such as high mobility of the injected water. Therefore, mechanisms involved in the flow of polymer in the reservoirs need to be well understood and modeled. An important phenomenon affecting the flow of polymer in the oil reservoirs is polymer adsorption on reservoir rock. In fractured reservoirs, the polymer is adsorbed both in the matrix and the fracture. Miscalculation of the amount of adsorbed polymer results in the miscalculation of the fracture permeability on one hand, and concentration of dissolved polymer on the other. This, in turn, leads to over- or under-estimation of polymer injection performance in fractured reservoirs. An important tool for simulating fractured reservoirs is dual-porosity models. The models, however, may not correctly estimate polymer adsorption in fractures. This is attributable to the assumptions used in the dual-porosity model and the nature of adsorption. The present study attempts to improve the way this phenomenon is modeled by dual-porosity models. A new parameter called “pseudo-density” is defined here to replace the density of the fracture cells in the dual-porosity model for polymer adsorption. Then, a hypothetical reservoir is simulated using this new parameter, and the results of the two simulations, one with density and the other with pseudo-density, are compared in terms of three parameters, including the polymer adsorbed in the reservoir, the polymer dissolved in the aqueous phase, and the polymer produced in the reservoir. The results show that using pseudo-density instead of rock density decreases the required polymer amount to reach the maximum polymer concentration. Consequently, polymer solution viscosity and permeability reduction are increased. Furthermore, it results in increasing the polymer production compared to the conventional dual-porosity models.
Chelated amino acids: biomass sources, preparation, properties, and biological activities
Authors: Jacob Rania H. , Afify Adel S. , Shanab Sanaa M. , Shalaby Emad A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Micronutrients such as Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn are required metals for plant crops to increase their yield and quality. Metals are included in numerous biochemical reactions as enzymes, co-enzymes, and co-factors. Copper, zinc, and manganese are essential for the development and growth of animal as pigs and broiler chicks. Amino acids are of significant importance and are used in many applications, fields, and industries such as food, animal feed, supplement, pharmaceutical production, and as biofertilizers. Fertilizers of inorganic mineral structure are hardly diffused from the leaf surface into the plant, while chelated minerals with amino acids provide a great advantage in increasing the absorption efficiency and translocation of minerals within the plant.Also, it was known that derivatives of free or chelated amino acids have marked antioxidant activity and are able to inhibit the development of tumor tissues and leading to increase immune protective abilities of the organisms. Nanotechnology increased the application efficiency of metal-amino acid complexes. Using nano fertilizers to plants is one of critical importance due to their unique properties in size and increased surface areas. It released the nutrients on demand and regulates plant growth (such as wheat, rice, barley, and rapeseed plants). Metal chelating complexes have found extensive applications in various fields of human interest.Chelators are used in medical applications; water softeners are included as ingredients in many commercial products such as shampoos and food preservatives and control heavy metal pollution in aquacultures. Amino acids may be used separately in chelation process as free amino acids or can be separated from plant or animal wastes. It can be separated by hydrolysis of plant or agricultural crop wastes as thrones of tomato and sugar beet plants. Also, it can be separated from animal origin as leather wastes and chicken feather waste or from whey of cow milk after mozzarella cheese formation. So, amino acid production from wastes decreases the cost of metal-chelated complex formation.
Eco-friendly bioremediation approach for crude oil-polluted soils using a novel and biostimulated Enterobacter hormaechei ODB H32 strain
Authors: El-Liethy M. A. , El-Noubi M. M. , Abia A. L. K. , El-Malky M. G. , Hashem A. I. , El-Taweel G. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPetroleum oil contaminants have become severe ecological problems and negatively impact human health. It is, therefore, imperative to identify environmentally friendly approaches to remediate oil-polluted environments. Therefore, bacterial oil degradation stimulated with a nitrogen source under optimum conditions was assessed in this study. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis, strain ODB H32 recovered from oil-based mud of some petroleum drilling sites in the western desert, Egypt, was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei. The metabolic fingerprint of E. hormaechei, achieved using BIOLOG GEN III, revealed that the strain could utilize diverse carbon and chemical sources. Also, E. hormaechei could biodegrade 0.6% of oil under optimized pH (7.0) and temperature (30 °C) conditions. Analyzing different nitrogen stimulants revealed that peptone ˃ yeast extract ˃ ammonium nitrate ˃ urea enhanced the growth of E. hormaechei on mineral salts medium (MSM). Analysis by capillary gas chromatography revealed maximum (70.7%) degradation of peptone by E. hormaechei, indicating that peptone was a good biostimulant for oil degradation. These findings recommend using biostimulated E. hormaechei as an eco-friendly approach for remediating oil-polluted environments, under optimized conditions, especially in arid regions like the western desert of Egypt.