bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Inelastic Collisions with Hydrogen on NLTE Copper Abundances in Metal-poor Stars
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Shi Jianrong , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE, hereafter NLTE) analysis for Cu i lines with the updated model atom that includes quantum-mechanical rate coefficients of Cu + H and Cu+ + H− inelastic collisions from the recent study of Belyaev et al. The influence of these data on NLTE abundance determinations has been performed for six metal-poor stars in a metallicity range of −2.59 dex ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −0.95 dex. For Cu i lines, the application of accurate atomic data leads to a decrease in the departure from LTE and lower copper abundances compared to that obtained with Drawin’s theoretical approximation. To verify our adopted copper atomic model, we also derived the LTE copper abundances of Cu ii lines for the sample stars. A consistent copper abundance from the Cu i (NLTE) and Cu ii (LTE) lines has been obtained, which indicates the reliability of our copper atomic model. It is noted that the [Cu/Fe] ratios increase with increasing metallicity when ∼−2.0 dex < [Fe/H] < ∼−1.0 dex, favoring a secondary (metallicity-dependent) copper production.
Broadband X-Ray Spectroscopy and Estimation of Spin of the Galactic Black Hole Candidate GRS 1758–258
Authors: Jana Arghajit , Chang Hsiang-Kuang , Chatterjee Arka , Naik Sachindra , Safi-Harb Samar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present the results of a broadband (0.5–78 keV) X-ray spectral study of the persistent Galactic black hole X-ray binary GRS 1758–258 observed simultaneously by Swift and NuSTAR. Fitting with an absorbed power-law model revealed a broad Fe line and reflection hump in the spectrum. We used different flavors of the relativistic reflection model for the spectral analysis. All models indicate the spin of the black hole in GRS 1758–258 is >0.92. The source was in the low hard state during the observation, with the hot electron temperature of the corona estimated to be kT

e
∼ 140 keV. The black hole is found to be accreting at ∼1.5% of the Eddington limit during the observation, assuming the black hole mass of 10 M
⊙ and distance of 8 kpc.
Transit Light Curves for Exomoons: Analytical Formalism
Authors: Saha Suman , Sengupta Sujan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The photometric transit method has been the most effective method to detect and characterize exoplanets as several ground based as well as space based survey missions have discovered thousands of exoplanets using this method. With the advent of the upcoming next generation large telescopes, the detection of exomoons in a few of these exoplanetary systems is very plausible. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical formalism in order to model the transit light curves for such moon-hosting exoplanets. In order to achieve analytical formalism, we have considered circular orbit of the exomoon around the host planet, which is indeed the case for tidally locked moons. The formalism uses the radius and orbital properties of both the host planet and its moon as model parameters. The coalignment or noncoalignment of the orbits of the planet and the moon are parameterized using two angular parameters and thus can be used to model all the possible orbital alignments for a star–planet–moon system. This formalism also provides unique and direct solutions to every possible star–planet–moon three circular body alignment. Using the formula derived, a few representative light curves are also presented.
Thirteen moth species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Noctuidae) newly recorded in South Africa, with comments on their distribution
Authors: Delabye Sylvain , Gaona Fernando , Potocký Pavel , Foxcroft Llewellyn , Halamová Pavla , Hejda Martin , MacFadyen Sandra , Pyšková Klára , Sedláček Ondřej , Staňková Markéta , Storch David , Pyšek Petr , Tropek Robert 
Published: August 2022

Thanks to the high diversity of ecosystems and habitats, South Africa harbours tremendous diversity of insects. The Kruger National Park, due to its position close to the border between two biogeographic regions and high heterogeneity of environmental conditions, represents an insufficiently studied hotspot of lepidopteran diversity. During our ecological research in the Kruger National Park, we collected abundant moth material, including several interesting faunistic records reported in this study.
We reported 13 species of moths which had not yet been recorded in South Africa. In many cases, our records represented an important extension of the species’ known distribution, including two species (Ozarba gaedei and O. persinua) whose distribution ranges extended into the Zambezian biogeographic region. Such findings confirmed the poor regional knowledge of lepidopteran diversity.
Harga et désir d’Occident au temps du djihad
Authors: Garnaoui Wael 
Published: August 2022

Fruit de longues recherches théoriques, mais surtout d’enquêtes de terrain réalisées principalement en Tunisie, mon pays, en Allemagne aussi et en France, ce travail impliqué jette une lumière rasante, ni complaisante ni haineuse, sur ce que pensent et vivent les « brûleurs de frontières » (les harragas en dialecte tunisien) et les candidats au djihad. Sur ce qui les anime et les tourmente. Cet article est issu d’une étude qui promeut une conception politique de la psychanalyse, prenant acte de l’inscription du sujet de l’inconscient dans la Polis et ses configurations de pouvoir, et donc des effets que la pratique et la théorisation analytique peuvent avoir sur une remise en question des normes ultra modernes régissant le troupeau humain.
New Light on the “Jaga” Episode in the History of Kongo (1567-1608)
Authors: Thornton John K. 
Published: August 2022

The origin and nature of the Jaga invasion of Kongo is one of the longest standing debates in Africa’s historiography. This project, using a number of newly discovered documents, argues that the invasion was not a local revolt, did not stem from a constitutional crisis, and that it involved a small but highly competent army that entered the country through the Empire of Mwene Muji during the reign of king Bernardo I.
Véronique Tadjo’s Transnational Experience of South Africa in “Cette ville m’a giflée”
Authors: Zannier-Wahengo Aurélie 
Published: August 2022

The Franco-Ivorian writer and painter Véronique Tadjo is a great representation of African connectivity and transnationalism. Her life has been an endless exploration of the self and the other, of the identity and the belonging, notions that she crosses and examines through her personal geographical experiences as well as her multifaceted literary work. This essay explores how Tadjo places her fictions and her life in a transnationalist perspective with the aim of initiating a reflection on African reconciliation and collective memory. Secondly, we show how her short story “Cette ville m’a giflée” can be considered as a transnational auto-fiction featuring Tadjo’s intimate confrontation with Johannesburg—a transnational place par excellence. Through the post-apartheid community unable to achieve the dreamed “rainbow nation,” Tadjo evokes an irreconcilable past and present, observes the gigantic open scars left by history on social behaviours and underlines the difficulty for South Africans to transit towards an uncertain future.
Comparison of endotracheal intubation with Macintosh versus King Vision video laryngoscope using coronavirus disease 2019 barrier box on manikins
Authors: Guru Satyabrata , Singh Neha , Sahoo Sangeeta , Hansda Upendra , Mohanty Chittaranjan 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus usually spreads through aerosol and close contact. Frontline health-care workers handle aerosol-generating procedures like endotracheal intubation. To reduce this risk, COVID-19 barrier box came into the picture. However, the COVID-19 barrier box may compromise easy and successful intubation, and their limitation must be studied.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to assess the time to successful intubation with or without the COVID-19 barrier box using the Macintosh laryngoscope and King Vision video laryngoscope (KVVL). We also assessed the first-pass success rate, ease of intubation, Cormack–Lehane (CL) grade, and requirement of external laryngeal manipulation.

METHODS:
We conducted this manikin-based randomized crossover study to assess the time to successful intubation by anesthesiologists (22) and emergency physicians (11) having 1 year or more experience with or without COVID-19 barrier box by using the Macintosh laryngoscope and KVVL. Our study randomized the sequence of the four different intubation scenarios.

RESULTS:
The comparison of mean duration of intubation between KVVL (13.21 ± 4.05 s) and Macintosh laryngoscope (12.89 ± 4.28 s) with COVID-19 barrier box was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval: 1.21–0.97). The ease of intubation, number of attempts, and requirement of external laryngeal manipulation were not statistically significant. Intubations were statistically significant more difficult with barrier box in view of higher CL grade.

CONCLUSION:
Time to intubation was longer with COVID-19 barrier box using KVVL as compared to Macintosh laryngoscope which was statistically not significant.
Soil pH effect on bone degradation
Authors: Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , Orupabo Clinton David , Horsfall Teke Jemina 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Skeletal remains have become the mainstay in forensic investigations. Hence, it is imperative to study bone degradation and some influencers as to guide forensic practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil pH on bone degradation.

Methods:
One-centimeter diameter sections of the mid-shaft of the femur of a male cadaver were buried for the duration of 6 weeks in soils of different pH: 2.98 for the acidic soil, 7.10 for the neutral soil, and 11.58 for the alkaline soil. Histological sections of the exhumed bones were prepared using Frost’s rapid manual method. Four fields of view at 12 o’clock, 3 o’clock, 6 o’clock, and 9 o’clock positions were obtained for each section.

Results:
Quantitative analysis showed that there was a reduction in the mean Haversian canal area (HCA) and Haversian canal diameter (HCD) in the samples of bone fragments buried in the acidic and alkaline soil when compared with control. The acidic soil sample showed a mean HCA and HCD of 130.58 μm and 12.24 μm as against 136.83 μm and 12.48 μm of the control, whereas the alkaline soil sample showed a mean HCA and HCD of 122.70 μm and 11.70 μm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the HCA and HCD (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
The result of this study suggests that the extreme of soil pH can cause the weathering of bone, which can distort the histomorphometry. The study focused on the extremes of pH and not various scales. This should help guide forensic investigations.
Effect of eyelid-warming device on meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Albehwar Eman H. , Shafik Heba M. , Awara Amr , Shalaby Osama E. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) has a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. Despite the numerous treatment options, it is still difficult to obtain complete relief of signs and symptoms. Blephasteam is an eyelid-warming device that is easy to use and standardized for treatment of MGD.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate of the effect of Blephasteam on MGD compared with the traditional warm compresses.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective comparative interventional study that included 40 eyes of 20 patients with MGD. Patients were subdivided into two groups: in group I, warm compresses were applied to the eyelids twice daily for 20–30 min for 2 weeks, whereas in group II, the patients used the Blephasteam device three sessions per week for 2 weeks. Both groups received treatment by systemic tetracycline, topical antibiotic and steroid, and preservative-free artificial tears eye drops for 2 weeks. The patients were assessed before treatment and after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months using the Standard Patient Evaluation of dry Eye Disease questionnaire for dry eye, breakup time test (invasive and noninvasive; IBUT and NIBUT), and the shape of the lipid layer of the tear film by a tearscope.

Results
Both groups showed statistically significant improvement regarding the dry eye symptoms, IBUT and NIBUT, and the lipid layer interferometry. However, the follow-up visits showed statistically significant better results in group II than in group I for the Standard Patient Evaluation of dry Eye Disease questionnaire (P=0.044, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). In addition, the IBUT was statistically significantly better in group II than in group I during the follow-up (P=0.014, 0.007, and 0.002, respectively) as well as the NIBUT (P=0.043, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in interferometry between the two groups during the follow-up.

Conclusions
Both traditional warm compress and Blephasteam were effective in MGD treatment, but Blephasteam was more effective.
Anchored absorbable versus conventional nonabsorbable sutures in hang-back medial rectus muscle recession for large-angle esotropia
Authors: Elsaadani Ibrahim A. , Eleiwa Taher , Khater Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of the anchored hang-back technique (HBT) to the HBT using nonabsorbable sutures in bilateral medial rectus recession (BMR) for large-angle esotropia (ET).

Design
This is a prospective comparative interventional study.

Patients and methods
The study included 81 patients with concomitant ET who were indicated for BMR of at least 6 mm. The patients were randomly assigned to have either (a) anchored HBT-BMR using absorbable 6–0 polyglactin 910 suture or (b) conventional HBT-BMR using nonabsorbable 6–0 polyester suture. Postoperatively, angles of deviation were measured for both near and far at 1 week and at 2 and 6 months. Success was defined as alignment within 10 prism diopters (PD) of orthotropia by the end of 2 months.

Results
Nonabsorbable HBT was used in 42 patients, whereas the anchored HBT was used in 39 patients. The mean preoperative angles of deviation for near and far were 60.9 and 58.7 PD, respectively, in the nonabsorbable group, compared with 61.7 and 58.8 PD, respectively, in the anchored group (P>0.05). By the sixth postoperative month, the mean angles for near and far in the nonabsorbable group were 8.1±0.6 PD of exotropia (XT) and 8.3±1.2 PD of XT, compared with 9.9±0.03 and 9.5±1.2 PD of XT in the anchored group, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed insignificant differences in the near and far angles between both groups. The success rate was 92.8% (39/42) in the nonabsorbable group compared with 89.7% (35/39) in the anchored group (P=0.32).

Conclusion
Anchored HBT was as safe and effective as nonabsorbable HBT in BMR for large-angle ET.
Efficacy and safety of intrastromal injection of amphotericin B combined with autologous serum eye drops in resistant fungal corneal ulcers
Authors: Aboelenein Marwa A.M. , Mahmoud Doaa A. , Madbouly Wafaa A. 
Published: August 2022

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of intrastromal injections of amphotericin B (AmB) and autologous serum eye drops (ASED) in the treatment of resistant fungal keratitis.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective nonrandomized study that evaluated 15 eyes of 15 patients with resistant fungal corneal ulcers not responding to conventional medical treatment treated with intrastromal AmB injection (25 µg/ml) combined with the use of ASED. The efficacy, complications, and outcomes were evaluated.

Results
Patients showed marked improvement in symptoms (e.g. pain, discharge, photophobia, and lacrimation) in 12 cases (80%) by the second week after injection and total disappearance of symptoms in all patients by the second month. By the second week, three eyes (20%) showed complete ulcer healing, at the first month eight eyes (53.3%), at the second month 12 eyes (80%), and at the third month 15 eyes (100%) showed complete ulcer healing. The procedure was performed successfully, and no severe intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed except two patients develop minimal intrastromal bleeding which resolved. All the study cases underwent use of ASED after the intrastromal injection to accelerate ulcer healing, alleviate corneal irritation, and reduce inflammatory reactions and all of them showed rapid improvement of symptoms, for example, pain and good ulcer-healing process.

Conclusion
Combination of intrastromal injection of AmB and autologous serum eye drops is a promising, safe, and effective technique for the management of resistant fungal corneal ulcers not responding to conventional medical treatment. ASED shows good results in improving epithelial healing, alleviating corneal irritation, and in reducing inflammatory reactions.
Screening for preclinical chloroquine maculopathy using microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Edris Noha Ahmed , Rizkalla Marina Maher , Khafagy Mohamed Mahmoud , Esmat Soheir Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in screening of preclinical chloroquine maculopathy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Study design
This is a cross-sectional comparative study.

Patients and methods
The study included 20 eyes of RA patients treated with chloroquine for more than 1 year (Group A), and 20 eyes of RA patients not treated by chloroquine (Group B). All patients were subjected to full ophthalmological examination, imaging with SD-OCT, and microperimetry. The study group ranged in age from 40 to 65 years with normal fundus.

Results
The mean central foveal thickness was found to be thin both in Group A (178.25±33.27 μm) and Group B (180.15±36.56 μm), with a statistically nonsignificant difference between the two groups (P=0.864). The mean parafoveal thickness was thinner than normal in both groups in all quadrants (P<0.05), whereas the perifoveal thickness in both groups showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in all quadrants. The mean test score perimetry and the mean foveal sensitivity were decreased in Group A (11.12±4.11 and 11.73±3.92, respectively) compared with Group B (12.86±2.14 and 13.10±2.48, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.104 and 0.194, respectively).

Conclusion
Retinal thinning in the form of foveal and parafoveal thinning was detected by SD-OCT in patients of both groups, whereas decreased macular sensitivity was detected in the chloroquine group only with normal macular sensitivity in the nonchloroquine group as detected by microperimetry.
Serum cytokines as biomarkers for dry and wet age related macular degeneration
Authors: Fouly Marwa A. , Labib Hany M. , Emarah Sherif H. , Fahmy Iman A. , Abdel Hamid Mona A. , Moemen Leqaa A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible visual loss in elderly individuals.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify the potential role of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-13 (IL-13), IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in patients with AMD.

Patients and methods
The patients were divided into three groups: 20 patients with dry AMD, 20 patients with wet AMD before treatment with anti-VEGF injections, and 20 patients with wet AMD after anti-VEGF injections. Serum samples from patients with AMD and 20 age-matched controls were examined for the aforementioned cytokines using the ELISA technique.

Results
Serum levels of IL-13, IL-17, and TGF-β were significantly elevated in all patients with AMD compared with the controls (P=0.045, 0.047, and 0.042, respectively). There was a positive correlation (r=0.6, P=0.045) between the levels of IL-13 and TGF-β in these patients. In addition, the serum levels of TNF-α were significantly decreased in patients with AMD compared with the controls (P=0.037). The serum levels of IL-17 of the patients treated with anti-VEGF were significantly decreased compared with the untreated patients (P=0.032). In addition, the serum levels of TNF-α were significantly elevated in the treated patients compared with the untreated patients (P=0.024). There was no significant difference in the levels of IL-13, TGF-β, and VEGF in the treated patients compared with the untreated patients (P=0.07).

Conclusion
The study demonstrated that AMD is an inflammatory disease as patients with AMD had elevated levels of IL-13, IL-17, and TGF-β. In addition, serum IL-17 and TNF-α level could be significant predictors of the efficiency of anti-VEGF therapy. These findings may help in improvement of AMD diagnosis and may lead to the development of new therapeutic agents targeting these cytokines.
A Prospective Study to Determine the Effect of Vitamin D Levels on Musculoskeletal Pain, Anxiety, and Depressions in Patients with Type II Diabetes
Authors: Kumar Raunak , Laisram Nonica , Jain Neelima 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
The primary objective was to investigate the correlation of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) intensity with Vitamin D status and glycemic control in patients of type II diabetes mellitus. The secondary objective was to monitor the anxiety and depression levels with Vitamin D supplementation.

Methods:
A prospective observational cohort study was conducted over a period of 18 months where 100 patients of type II diabetes mellitus with MSP were screened for Vitamin D status and glycemic levels in terms of HbA1c, anxiety, and depression. MSP was assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The patients who were found with Vitamin D levels (<30 ug/dL) were supplemented with Vitamin D and followed at 3 monthly intervals for 6 months for determining the change in MSP, anxiety, and depression scores.

Results:
After adjusting for the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and statin therapy, there was no significant correlation between VAS score and Vitamin D (r = −0.133, P = 0.195). After 6 months of Vitamin D supplementation, all cases attained optimal Vitamin D levels of mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 32.5 (4.1) ng/ml as compared to mean (SD) of 23.4 (2.5) ng/ml at baseline (P < 0.0001). Concurrently, there was a significant reduction in the median (range) VAS scores from 6 (2–10) to 4 (0–8), anxiety levels from 11 (7.75–18) to 10 (7–17), and depression levels from 10 (7–15) to 9 (6–14) (P < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusion:
There was no significant independent correlation of MSP intensity with Vitamin D levels or glycemic control. However, the supplementation of Vitamin D significantly alleviated MSP in patients with diabetes, with a significant reduction in anxiety and depression among them.