bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal willingness to receive a Covid‐19 vaccine and its relationship with intergroup psychology: Evidence from the Philippines and Pakistan
Authors: Zagefka Hanna , dela Paz Erwine , Macapagal Ma. Elizabeth J. , Ghazal Saima 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh levels of vaccine hesitancy are an obstacle to the successful management of the Covid‐19 pandemic. In this research, we identify psychological correlates of reluctance to personally receive a Covid‐19 vaccine, with a focus on intergroup relations. Insights are based on two survey studies conducted in traditionally underresearched settings, the Philippines (N = 289) and Pakistan (N = 275). Results show that trust in vaccines, concerning both the vaccine's efficacy and the vaccine's safety, was associated with willingness to use the vaccine. Perceptions of trust were related to intergroup psychology, such that vaccine donations from political opponents rather than allies were trusted less. This meant that in the Philippines, there was a preference to use vaccines from the United States over those from China, although the pattern was less clear in Pakistan. Having said this, the highest levels of trust and willingness to use vaccines in both countries were for vaccines offered by the World Health Organization (WHO). Last but not least, a perception of global common fate of all humans in the face of the pandemic was positively associated with willingness to get vaccinated, even when controlling for concerns about the vaccine's efficacy and safety. Implications are discussed in relation to intergroup psychology and public health management.
How India's mainstream media report on the farmers' protest
Authors: Anand Abhijit , Sharma Parth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recently passed farm laws in the parliament created a huge uproar in India. The government touted them as a historic step that would allow farmers to sell their produce outside the Agricultural Price Marketing Committee/Mandis anywhere in India to wholesale agents, cold storage farms. It allows them to go for contract farming, and so forth. But many farmers groups and opposition parties consider it as a death warrant for them which would eventually expose farmers to vagaries of the market and thereby impoverish them in the long run. Various farmers groups have been protesting against the farm bills since then. India's mainstream media has notoriously sided with the government's narrative and has tried to delegitimize their movement against the farm acts. They have labeled them as separatists, Maoists, and Khalistani terrorists.
Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC‐EHRA EORP‐AF Long‐Term General Registry
Authors: Ding Wern Yew , Potpara Tatjana S. , Blomström‐Lundqvist Carina , Boriani Giuseppe , Marin Francisco , Fauchier Laurent , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the ESC‐EHRA EORP‐AF Long‐Term General Registry Investigators
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and renal impairment share a bidirectional relationship with important pathophysiological interactions. We evaluated the impact of renal impairment in a contemporary cohort of patients with AF.MethodsWe utilised the ESC‐EHRA EORP‐AF Long‐Term General Registry. Outcomes were analysed according to renal function by CKD‐EPI equation. The primary endpoint was a composite of thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all‐cause death. Secondary endpoints were each of these separately including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic event, intracranial haemorrhage, cardiovascular death and hospital admission.ResultsA total of 9306 patients were included. The distribution of patients with no, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment at baseline were 16.9%, 49.3%, 30% and 3.8%, respectively. AF patients with impaired renal function were older, more likely to be females, had worse cardiac imaging parameters and multiple comorbidities. Among patients with an indication for anticoagulation, prescription of these agents was reduced in those with severe renal impairment, p < .001. Over 24 months, impaired renal function was associated with significantly greater incidence of the primary composite outcome and all secondary outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between eGFR and the primary outcome (HR 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14] per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease), that was most notable in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 (HR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.23–3.99] compared to eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2).ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with AF suffer from concomitant renal impairment which impacts their overall management. Furthermore, renal impairment is an independent predictor of major adverse events including thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all‐cause death in patients with AF.
Intralesional bone marrow and superior check desmotomy is superior to conservative treatment of equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis
Authors: Murphy David John , Kö‐Peternelj Victoria , Aleri Joshua Wafula 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundSuperficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury is common in racehorses and a significant cause of lost training days and wastage in the industry.ObjectivesTo compare the post‐injury performance of Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses diagnosed with SDFT tendonitis treated with intralesional bone marrow and superior check desmotomy or managed conservatively and further to compare this performance with that of uninjured racehorses.Study designRetrospective and case‐controlled.MethodsMedical and race records of racehorses treated surgically or managed conservatively for SDFT tendonitis were collated. Signalment, lesion severity and treatment were identified and performance post‐injury compared. Performance of the treatment groups was further assessed by comparison with uninjured racehorses matched for age, sex, number of starts pre‐injury and randomly selected from the cases' last races.ResultsThe study population comprised 114 racehorses divided into surgical (39/114), conservative (38/114) and control groups (37/114). Horses that had surgery were more likely to return to racing than those managed conservatively (OR 4.7 95% CI [1.6‐14.3],P = .006). Standardbreds were more likely to return to race compared with Thoroughbreds (OR 4.0 95% CI [1.2‐13.3],P = .03). There was no statistically significant difference in the average number of placings, average number of wins and post‐injury earnings between the surgically treated and conservatively managed groups (P = .9,P = .9 andP = .7, respectively). The average number of lifetime starts post‐injury/post‐selection between surgery, conservative and control groups were not statistically significantly different (P = .2). Surgically treated horses had a statistically significantly shorter time to start post‐injury compared with the conservative group (P = .04).Main limitationsThe retrospective nature of the study precludes an actual fit as a nonrandomised clinical trial and the nonrandomised nature of the allocation of the treatment groups is biased.ConclusionsSurgical intervention of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in racehorses suffering flexor tendon injury showed a higher likelihood of return to racing than conservative treatment.
Properties and thermal stability of Pickering high internal phase emulsion prepared by TGase cross‐linked collagen fibres
Authors: Tian Xiaojing , Li Shuzhi , Li Yu , Wang Wenhang 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIn this study, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were prepared by algal oil and transglutaminase (TGase) cross‐linked collagen fibres, and the properties and thermal stability (90 °C, 40 min) of HIPEs were also investigated. Under 1.0 wt % collagen fibres without TGase, the emulsion prepared by centrifugation could achieve an oil phase volume up to 60%, the non‐centrifuged emulsion could only come up to 50% oil phase volume, however, with the addition of TGase, the HIPEs could be formed with 72% oil phase volume. The obtained HIPEs showed gel‐like morphology. The droplets size of unheated HIPEs decreased as the TGase concentration increased, but the change was not significant when TGase was more than 20 U g−1 collagen fibres. The droplets size of heated HIPEs increased, but it was almost the same as the unheated samples when TGase was more than 30 U g−1 collagen fibres, suggesting good thermal stability.
Neurosyphilis in the Northern Territory of Australia: a clinical guideline
Authors: Birrell Johanna Marie , Lowe Michael , Gunathilake Manoji , Krause Vicki Lynn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Northern Territory (NT) of Australia is currently experiencing a syphilis epidemic. Neurosyphilis is commonly considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with neurologic conditions such as dementia and stroke in the NT.AimsTo explore the local epidemiologic, diagnostic and treatment complexities of neurosyphilis in the NT and produce a guideline for clinical practice.MethodsA database search was undertaken and local and global neurosyphilis guidelines were analysed. A guideline was created based on findings of the critical review and consultation with local multidisciplinary experts.ResultsNeurosyphilis is frequently encountered in the NT but studies suggest it is often undertreated. Dementia is the most common clinical presentation locally. Establishing a diagnosis of neurosyphilis is complex and requires stepwise evaluation of clinical, laboratory and radiological findings.ConclusionsA clinical guideline and algorithm have been developed for the diagnosis and management of patients with neurosyphilis.
Processing map to control the erosion of Y2O3 in fluorine based etching plasmas
Authors: Kindelmann Moritz , Weber Moritz L(ukas) , Stamminger Mark , Buschhaus Rahel , Breuer Uwe , Bram Martin , Guillon Olivier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the increasing number of applications for ceramic components in reactive etching processes, the interest in the specific erosion behavior of highly etch‐resistant materials like yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has increased in the past years. Despite the large number of investigations already existing in this field, a more general understanding of the erosion mechanisms still lacks due to the limited comparability of these investigations. The huge difference in the kind of etching setups, processing parameters (bias voltage and plasma gas composition), and sample microstructures prevented consistent conclusions so far. To achieve a more general understanding, this study investigates the erosion behavior Y2O3 under a broad spectrum of plasma etching parameters. Therefore, the bias voltage is increased from 50 to 300 V and the plasma gas composition is gradually changed from Ar‐rich to CF4‐rich compositions. This systematic approach allows to directly correlate the morphology changes caused by plasma erosion with the related plasma etching parameters and enables to better understand their influence on the depth of physical and chemical interactions, surface damage, and etching rate. We discovered three distinct erosion regimes, which exhibit specific erosion characteristics. Using these observations, a schematic processing map for Y2O3 was developed, which could help to estimate the severity of the erosion attack dependent on the processing parameters.
Species‐specific responses to landscape features shaped genomic structure within Alaska galliformes
Authors: Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Wilson Robert E. , Talbot Sandra L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimConnectivity is vital to the resiliency of populations to environmental change and stochastic events, especially for cold‐adapted species as Arctic and alpine tundra habitats retract as the climate warms. We examined the influence of past and current landscapes on genomic connectivity in cold‐adapted galliformes as a critical first step to assess the vulnerability of Alaska ptarmigan and grouse to environmental change. We hypothesize that the mosaic of physical features and habitat within Alaska promoted the formation of genetic structure across species.LocationAlaska, United States of America.TaxaPtarmigan and Grouse (Galliformes: Tetraoninae).MethodsWe collected double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequence data from six ptarmigan and grouse species (N = 13–145/species) sampled across multiple ecosystems up to ~10 degrees of latitude. Spatial genomic structure was analysed using methods that reflect different temporal scales: (1) principal components analysis to identify major trends in the distribution of genomic variation; (2) maximum likelihood clustering analyses to test for the presence of multiple genomic groupings; (3) shared co‐ancestry analyses to assess contemporary relationships and (4) effective migration surfaces to identify regions that deviate from a null model of isolation by distance.ResultsLevels of genomic structure varied across species (ΦST =0.009–0.042). Three general patterns of structure emerged: (1) east‐west partition located near the Yukon‐Tanana uplands; (2) north‐south split coinciding with the Alaska Range and (3) northern group near the Brooks Range. Species‐specific patterns were observed; not all landscape features were barriers to gene flow for all ptarmigan and grouse and temporal contrasts were detected at the Brooks Range.Main conclusionsWithin Alaska galliformes, patterns of genomic structure coincide with physiographic features and highlight the importance of physical and ecological barriers in shaping how genomic diversity is arrayed across the landscape. Lack of concordance in spatial patterns indicates that species behaviour and habitat affinities play key roles in driving the contrasting patterns of genomic structure.
What drives diversification? Range expansion tops climate, life history, habitat and size in lizards and snakes
Authors: Li Peng , Wiens John J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimA major challenge in ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain the dramatic differences in species richness among clades. Much variation in richness is explained by the differences in diversification rates among clades, and variation in diversification rates is often linked to various traits. But what types of traits are most important for explaining diversification? Here, we compared the impacts of different types of traits on diversification rates among lizard and snake families and tested predictions about the relative importance of ecology vs. morphology, static vs. dynamic traits and alpha vs. beta niche traits.LocationGlobal.TaxonSquamata.MethodsWe compared the relative impacts of traits related to biogeography (range size, range expansion), climate, life history (viviparity), microhabitat and morphology (body‐size) on diversification rates among all 72 family‐level clades of squamates. We compiled data on traits and tested for relationships between traits and diversification rates using phylogenetic multiple regression models.ResultsThe best‐fitting model explained ~60% of the variation in diversification rates across squamate families. This model included only microhabitat (proportion of arboreal species) and a novel, dynamic, ecological/biogeographic beta‐niche trait (rate of range expansion), which explained most variance. Other variables had more variable or non‐significant contributions, including rates of climatic‐niche change. Rates of range expansion were related to species richness, larger body size and faster rates of climatic‐niche change.Main conclusionsOverall, we provide possibly the most comprehensive comparison of the types of traits that can drive diversification. We also help explain diversity patterns in one of the largest vertebrate clades. We show that the rate of range expansion is the most important variable for explaining diversification rates and richness patterns in squamates. We also identify traits that help explain variation in rates of range expansion among clades.
Segmental facial infantile haemangiomas in the era of propranolol: evaluation at 6 years of age
Authors: Letertre O. , Boccara O. , Prey S. , Pedespan J.‐M. , Boralevi F. , Léauté‐Labrèze C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term evolution of children with segmental facial infantile haemangioma (SFIH) treated with propranolol remains unstudied.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the neurodevelopmental features of children with SFIH treated with propranolol at 6 years of age.MethodsThis retrospective case series study was conducted from January 2008 to June 2020 using data from medical files, patient examinations and appointments spanning 6 years. To be included, patients should present SFIH and have previously received propranolol. A complete physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head, echocardiography and ophthalmologic examination should have been performed. Neurodevelopmental features were divided into cognition, audition, vision, orality, motor skills and the occurrence of new symptoms.ResultsThirty children with SFIH were included. Of these, 11 presented criteria of PHACES. Evaluation of neurodevelopmental features of the children at 6 years of age showed learning difficulties in one case but grade skipping in three cases. There were six cases of unilateral hearing loss that had not been diagnosed at birth, two of oral difficulties and one of minor hypotonia. Early headache was primarily reported as the main new outcome. All children were treated with propranolol, with three following oral steroid therapy. No severe adverse effects were reported. The median length of treatment with propranolol was 16 months, and the median age at treatment cessation was 21 months. Analysis based on segment implication showed the median length of treatment to vary from 12 months (if S3 was spared) to 25 months (if at least S3 was involved). Vascular laser therapy was used in 16 patients (53.3%) and surgery in four.ConclusionIn this case series, children with SFIH, including patients with PHACES criteria, presented a good tolerance of propranolol, as well as encouraged neurodevelopmental data. Segmental implication appears to have a significant impact on treatment duration and associated complications.
Early‐life infections in association with the development of atopic dermatitis in infancy and early childhood: a nationwide nested case–control study
Authors: Lin T.‐L. , Fan Y.‐H. , Chang Y.‐L. , Ho H.J. , Wu C.‐Y. , Chen Y.‐J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial dysbiosis has been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). The risk of development of AD following early‐life infections remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of early‐life infections on AD development.MethodsThis population‐based nested case–control study was conducted using the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 5454 AD patients and 16 362 control subjects without AD were identified, for the period 1997 to 2013. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities and maternal factors were compared. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated to examine the associations between early‐life infections and subsequent AD by conditional stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsMean age was 2.6 ± 2.9 years in both groups. Overall infections (41.8% vs. 28.9%) before the diagnosis of AD were more common in AD patients than in control subjects (P < 0.001). Infectious diseases [aOR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29–1.51], skin infections (aOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.40–1.71) and systemic antibiotic exposure (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.55–1.79) before AD diagnosis were independently associated with AD development on multivariate analyses. These results were consistent across observation periods (0–1, 1–2 and >2 years after birth) and sensitivity analyses after redefining the index date as 3 or 6 months before the date of AD diagnosis. Other independent risk factors included asthma, allergic rhinitis, intussusception and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. No association with subsequent AD was found for maternal age at delivery, Caesarean delivery or prenatal antibiotic exposure.ConclusionInfections in early life are associated with AD development in infancy and early childhood.
Characterizing the relationships between patient‐reported outcomes and clinician assessments of alopecia areata in a phase 2a randomized trial of ritlecitinib and brepocitinib
Authors: Winnette R. , Banerjee A. , Sikirica V. , Peeva E. , Wyrwich K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe phase 2a ALLEGRO trial (NCT02974868) investigated the safety and efficacy of ritlecitinib (PF‐06651600) and brepocitinib (PF‐06700841) in adults with alopecia areata. No randomized controlled trial for alopecia areata has evaluated correlations between clinician‐assessed hair loss and patient‐reported outcomes.ObjectivesReport scores from the Alopecia Areata Symptom Impact Scale (AASIS; a patient‐reported outcome tool) and explore the relationships of those scores with clinician‐assessed Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scores at baseline and week 24 of the ALLEGRO trial.MethodsAdults with alopecia areata were randomized to ritlecitinib (n = 48), brepocitinib (n = 47) or placebo (n = 47). After 24 weeks, the mixed‐effects model with repeated measures was used to calculate the active treatment groups' AASIS score least‐squares mean differences. Relationships between AASIS and SALT scores at baseline and week 24 were evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficients using pooled data.ResultsBaseline AASIS and SALT scores were similar among treatment groups. Both active treatment groups reported significant improvements in AASIS scores at week 24 (least‐squares mean differences vs. placebo for ritlecitinib, −0.8 to −2.3; brepocitinib, −0.9 to −3.7; P < 0.05 for all). At week 24, the mean SALT scores (standard deviation) improved compared with baseline [ritlecitinib, 54.4 (40.3) vs. 89.4 (15.8); brepocitinib, 31.9 (35.7) vs. 86.4 (18.1)]. The correlation coefficients between AASIS global and subscale scores and SALT scores at week 24 ranged from 0.34 to 0.58; P < 0.05 for all.ConclusionsPatients randomized to ritlecitinib or brepocitinib reported significantly improved AASIS and SALT scores at week 24 of the ALLEGRO trial compared to placebo. At week 24, medium‐to‐large correlations can be seen between AASIS global and subscale scores and SALT scores. Our experience with AASIS instrument highlighted several aspects that suggest new patient‐reported outcome tools are needed to accurately assess patients' relevant alopecia areata related signs, symptoms and daily functioning.
Genotype diversity promotes the persistence of Daphnia populations exposed to severe copper stress
Authors: Loria Alessandra , Cristescu Melania E. , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen environmental stressors of high intensity are sustained for long periods of time, populations face high probabilities of being extirpated. However, depending on the intensity of the stressor, large populations with sufficient genetic diversity may persist. We report the results of an experiment that tracked the persistence of Daphnia populations exposed to copper contamination. We assessed whether genotypic diversity reduced the risk of extinction. We created monoclonal and multiclonal populations and monitored their population sizes during a 32‐week experiment. Cu was applied at a sub‐lethal concentration and then increased every week until the population sizes dropped to about 10% of the carrying capacity (Cu at 180 μg/L). The concentration was then increased up to 186 μg/L and held stable until the end of the experiment. A survival analysis showed that clonal diversity extended the persistence of Daphnia populations, but copper contamination caused a substantial genetic erosion followed by population extirpation. However, some Cu‐treated populations, mostly multiclonal, showed U‐shaped patterns of growth consistent with evolutionary rescue but these did not lead to lasting population recovery. These results highlight the importance of genetic variation for population persistence, but they also show how quickly it can be lost in contaminated environments.