bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocytic function is associated with both amyloid-β and tau pathology in non-dementedAPOE ϵ4carriers
Authors: Spotorno Nicola , Najac Chloé , Stomrud Erik , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , van Westen Danielle , Ronen Itamar , Hansson Oskar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes play a major role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Given that APOE is primarily expressed in astrocytes, these cells might be an important link between the APOE ε4 allele and the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Here, we investigate this hypothesis in vivo by measuring myo-inositol, a metabolite involved in astrocytic functions, with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ﻿Currently, there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between APOE ε4 and myo-inositol concentration. Furthermore, data supporting a relationship between APOE ε4, myo-inositol and Alzheimer’s disease pathology (amyloid-beta and tau proteins) in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease are limited. A previous study revealed differences in myo-inositol levels between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers already in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease participants. However, other reports showed no impact of APOE genotype on the association between myo-inositol and the rate of amyloid-beta accumulation. In the present study, we determined the effect of APOE genotype on the association between myo-inositol and both amyloid-β and tau deposition quantified by PET in 428 cognitively unimpaired elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort. APOE genotype impacted the associations between myo-inositol and amyloid-β pathology as revealed by an interaction effect between APOE genotype and levels of myo-inositol (P &lt; 0.001) such that higher myo-inositol concentration was related to more amyloid-beta pathology in APOE ε4 carriers only. A similar interaction effect was also found when investigating the effect of APOE on the association between myo-inositol and tau pathology (P &lt; 0.01). Focusing on the APOE ε4 subsample, myo-inositol partially (17%) mediated the association between amyloid-beta and tau pathology (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in a subgroup of participants with available plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astroglial activation and astrocytosis, we found that glial fibrillary acidic protein correlated with myo-inositol only in APOE e4 carriers (APOE ε4 carriers: P &lt; 0.01; APOE ε4 non-carriers: P &gt; 0.8), suggesting that myo-inositol might reflect an aspect of the astrocytic involvement in Alzheimer’s pathology which is specific to the impact of APOE ε4. Therefore, we suggest that myo-inositol is a candidate in vivo marker to study the impact of APOE ε4 on the interplay between astrocytes and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
Microstructural alterations predict impaired bimanual control in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Loehrer Philipp A. , Weber Immo , Oehrn Carina R. , Nettersheim Felix S. , Dafsari Haidar S. , Knake Susanne , Tittgemeyer Marc , Timmermann Lars , Belke Marcus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBimanual coordination is impaired in Parkinson’s disease affecting patients’ ability to perform activities of daily living and to maintain independence. Conveyance of information between cortical and subcortical areas is essential for bimanual coordination and relies on the integrity of cerebral microstructure. As pathological deposition of alpha-synuclein compromises microstructure in Parkinson’s disease, we investigated the relationship between microstructural integrity and bimanual coordination using diffusion-weighted MRI in 23 patients with Parkinson’s disease (mean age ± standard deviation: 56.0 ± 6.45 years; 8 female) and 26 older adults (mean age ± standard deviation: 58.5 ± 5.52 years). Whole-brain analysis revealed specific microstructural alterations between patients and healthy controls matched for age, sex, handedness, and cognitive status congruent with the literature and known Parkinson’s disease pathology. A general linear model revealed distinct microstructural alterations associated with poor bimanual coordination in Parkinson’s disease, corrected for multiple comparisons using a permutation-based approach. Integrating known functional topography, we conclude that distinct changes in microstructure cause an impediment of structures involved in attention, working memory, executive function, motor planning, motor control, and visual processing contributing to impaired bimanual coordination in Parkinson’s disease.
Left ventricular dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction: the most common left ventricular disorder in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Mark Patrick B , Mangion Kenneth , Rankin Alastair J , Rutherford Elaine , Lang Ninian N , Petrie Mark C , Stoumpos Sokratis , Patel Rajan K 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. As kidney function declines, the presence of left ventricular abnormalities increases such that by the time kidney replacement therapy is required with dialysis or kidney transplantation, more than two-thirds of patients have left ventricular hypertrophy. Historically, much research in nephrology has focussed on the structural and functional aspects of cardiac disease in CKD, particularly using echocardiography to describe these abnormalities. There is a need to translate knowledge around these imaging findings to clinical outcomes such as unplanned hospital admission with heart failure and premature cardiovascular death. Left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, which are common in CKD, predispose to the clinical syndrome of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is a bidirectional relationship between CKD and HFpEF, whereby CKD is a risk factor for HFpEF and CKD impacts outcomes for patients with HFpEF. There have been major improvements in outcomes for patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction as a result of several large randomized controlled trials. Finding therapy for HFpEF has been more elusive, although recent data suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition offers a novel evidence-based class of therapy that improves outcomes in HFpEF. These observations have emerged as this class of drugs has also become the standard of care for many patients with proteinuric CKD, suggesting that there is now hope for addressing the combination of HFpEF and CKD in parallel. In this review we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies and treatment of HFpEF with a focus on patients with CKD.
Double Reducer implantation in the coronary venous system for treatment of refractory angina: a case report
Authors: Picchi Andrea , Misuraca Leonardo , Calabria Paolo , Limbruno Ugo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronary sinus (CS) Reducer can be considered for the treatment of refractory angina in patients unsuitable for coronary revascularization, but its effect can be influenced by the significant heterogeneity in the anatomy of the cardiac venous system.

Case summary
We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of rest angina refractory to optimal medical therapy [Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Class IV] and inducible ischaemia in a large myocardial territory. Given the diffuse and peripheral nature of the coronary disease, the patient was considered ineligible for percutaneous or surgical revascularization and she was regarded as a good candidate for a CS occluder. Since coronary venous angiography showed the middle cardiac vein (MCV) to be at least as relevant as the CS, successful implantation of two devices, one in the CS and the second in the MCV, was performed. At 6-month follow-up, the patient reported a significant improvement in angina, resulting in a reduction of the CCS class from Grades IV to III.

Discussion
In patients affected by refractory angina and regarded as good candidates for Reducer implantation, a thorough comprehension of the cardiac venous pathway drainage is of pivotal importance to guarantee the therapeutic success of the procedure. In this patient, since the CS and the MCV seemed to contribute equally to coronary venous drainage, Reducer implantation in both vessels allowed to obtain a significant improvement of symptoms. The clinical effectiveness of this strategy needs to be validated in randomized clinical trials.
On Predicting and Being Predicted: Navigating Life in a Competitive Landscape Full of Mind Readers
Authors: Ybarra Oscar , Rios Kimberly , Keller Matthew C. , Michalak Nicholas , Wang Iris , Chan Todd 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We inhabit a world full of other humans. We will cooperate with some, but most will remain strangers or competitors for resources. These potential cooperators and competitors will try to make predictions about us, as we likewise attempt to predict whether they will cooperate or compete. From the target’s perspective, such attempts at being judged and predicted should have different implications, depending on whether the one doing the predicting is a potential cooperator or competitor. Using this as the lens for the present analysis, this chapter organizes the psychological literature into a coherent framework to highlight the causes and consequences associated with predicting any given target and to paint a more complex picture of the target experience, as they decide when they will or will not be predicted. The authors conclude the chapter by offering novel predictions and shedding new light on the implications for various areas of research.
Du Bois and Marx’s Influence
Authors: Douglas Andrew J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter situates W. E. B. Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction in America (1935) within the context of his evolving critical theory of global capitalism and considers the influence of Marxist theory on some of the book’s central claims. Du Bois did not seriously engage with Marx’s thought until the early 1930s, after he had already developed an independent critical analysis of capitalist imperialism and the class struggle. But his embrace of Marx during the writing of Black Reconstruction affected his analysis in three ways: it sharpened his conception of capital as a social relation of production; it emboldened his disillusionment with liberal ideology; and it reinforced his sense that the irrational contradictions of capitalist modernity could not be sustained. Ultimately Marxist theory was for Du Bois a powerful resource, one that resonated with his own revolutionary project, but it needed modification in order to reckon with capitalism’s racial violence and inequality.
W. E. B. Du Bois and American Anthropology
Authors: Baker Lee D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
W. E. B. Du Bois had a major impact on anthropology because he served as a model and mentor to Franz Boas as he was becoming a public intellectual. Anthropology in the United States changed significantly when Franz Boas (1858–1942) began challenging ideas of racial inferiority and the hierarchy of cultures in the popular press. In first decades of the 20th century the two had developed close relationship. It was Du Bois who invited, pulled, and recruited Franz Boas onto the public stage and into the struggle for Black liberation. Du Bois saw Boas as an ally, and he leveraged anthropology in two specific ways. The first was using anthropology to showcase advanced African civilizations of the past. Second, he used anthropology to demonstrate that there was no proof that one race was inferior to any other. Finally, Du Bois deployed anthropologically inflected categories and types to describe and document the diversity of African American communities.
Sociology Hesitant
Authors: Wortham Robert A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over his long career, W. E. B. Du Bois generated a massive body of sociological literature that provided empirical documentation and analysis of human behavior. Du Bois argued that sociologists should document patterns and unpredictable outcomes in human behavior rather than offer abstract speculations. Therefore, the sociologist’s goal is to understand and analyze how patterns and chances effect human behavior. This sociological approach was outlined in his essay “Sociology Hesitant,” written in 1905. From this perspective, sociologists were to study human action rather than ideas about people. Hence, sociological concepts were to be grounded in observable, measurable lived experiences. Thus, the task of scientific sociology is the discovery of verifiable “laws” of human behavior and “chance,” random variation in human behavior. Thus, in that essay Du Bois succinctly articulated the scope and method of sociology. Although it took many decades, the sociological approach Du Bois outlined in this often-overlooked statement is the one advocated by most contemporary sociologists.
The Global Color Line and White Supremacy
Authors: Quisumbing King Katrina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses how Du Bois theorized race globally. Based on close readings of his work on the global color line and white supremacy, the chapter draws attention to four Du Boisian guideposts for today’s students of race. First, race is a category of exclusion and oppression. Second, empirical observation attendant to oppressed people grants insight into the workings of global color line. Third, a global understanding of the color line links local cases to a global theory of racial colonial capitalism. Fourth, the color line is the product of economic exploitation, war, and white supremacy. For Du Bois, the color line was global, but always with local manifestations. His attention to documenting processes of exploitation in the United States, Africa, and Asia formed a basis for his calls for decolonization.
The Du Bois-Washington Debate
Authors: Rabaka Reiland 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a critical exploration of the historic debate between W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington and the ways it enriched and expanded African American social, political, and educational thought. Washington’s work is not as difficult to present as Du Bois’s work because, by most accounts, Washington was invariably committed to his accommodationist stance, and his heyday lasted only two decades, from 1895 to 1915. By contrast, Du Bois’s thought was multidimensional and constantly changing in light of new research and novel historical times. He had an almost unfathomable eighty-year publishing career, from 1883 to 1963, and spent more than half a century preoccupied with Black leadership and Black liberation. Therefore, one of the best ways to explore the Du Boisian dimension of the Du Bois–Washington debate is to examine the main theory he created to combat and offer an alternative to Washington’s accommodationism: his classic 1903 essay “The Talented Tenth.”
W. E. B. Du Bois, Historian
Authors: Holt Thomas C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To more fully appreciate Du Bois’s work as a historian, one must understand how his capacious historical imagination was shaped by—and shaped—his approach to other fields of study, and one must realize that his historical scholarship articulated with his political agenda. For Du Bois, as for most of his Black intellectual contemporaries, the very raison d’être of historical study was the belief that a better understanding of the past could help shape a better present and future. Trained in a German historical tradition that emphasized archival and empirical approaches to historical recovery, Du Bois recognized no necessary contradiction between political utility and intellectual integrity, since useful work had to be grounded in approaches that were scientifically objective. Thus from his first book on the slave trade to his dissection of American Reconstruction, Du Bois sought to create a factual record of African American struggles for freedom, and resistance to the repressive regime of America’s slaveholders’ republic.
Eco-uncertainty as a Frame and Way of Life
Authors: Harvey Daina Cheyenne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Because at the heart of symbolic interactionism is the idea that our social world is constructed for and by us, notions of ambiguity or uncertainty remain underexplored in the paradigm. This chapter uses work on framing and meaning-making to show how the multiple framings of an event can result in uncertainty. Using Čapek’s (2006) eco-self and Zerubavel’s thought communities (1997), this chapter shows how eco-uncertainty is used in New Orleans to both make sense of and deal with environmental suffering (Auyero and Swistun 2009a; Harvey 2016). In particular, against the backdrop of the long-term aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the chapter analyzes a chemical dusting of the Lower Ninth Ward to explore this concept. In what follows, it surveys some of the work in symbolic interaction on nature and the environment and then turns to themes within environmental inequality. It then describes the Lower Ninth Ward and the long-term aftermath of Hurricane Katrina to situate the event in question here. Finally, it uses eco-uncertainty to show how uncertainty structured interaction and meaning-making in the Lower Ninth Ward.
Writing Multimethod Assessment Reports
Authors: Smith Steven R. , Pade Hadas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights the main issues most relevant to effective report writing. It also introduces a few new ideas, such as alternative report formats to consider and a focus on social justice often lacking in the field. The chapter is based on the underlying assumption that psychologists are utilizing a multimethod and collaborative assessment process. The chapter is organized into three sections: (1) social justice factors that relate to language, hazards of assessment, and integrating person-in-context; (2) contextual factors that impact assessment writing; and (3) process and organizational factors related to data integration, report format, writing style, and general organization. The chapter concludes with a few suggestions for writing strong reports.
Corpus Linguistics and Sexuality
Authors: Baker Paul , Love Robbie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Corpus linguistics involves the use of computer software to aid the analysis of language data, in some cases up to billions of words of text. Techniques like frequency lists, keyword lists, collocates, and concordancing can be used to identify linguistic patterns that humans might otherwise overlook. This chapter demonstrates how corpus methods have been applied to research on language and sexuality, enabling both examination of language usage and representation of sexual identities and practices. This is followed by a case study that considers changing press discourses in the United Kingdom concerning a gay professional football player, Justin Fashanu. The study compares two corpora of newspaper articles, collected before and after Fashanu’s suicide in 1998. Analysis reveals the ways in which Fashanu was negatively represented as a result of his sexuality, from a criminal who allegedly “sodomized” a 17 year-old against his will to an emblematic victim of a prejudiced society.
Deuteronomy, the Deuteronomistic History, and the Books of Joshua through Kings
Authors: Lasine Thelle Rannfrid I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Martin Noth’s Deuteronomistic History hypothesis built on earlier source criticism that saw some form of Deuteronomy as one of the sources of the Pentateuch or Hexateuch. Source critics had argued for the presence of the D-source also in other biblical books. According to Noth the Deuteronomistic historian wrote a unified history in the exilic period comprising Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings. Following Noth, this hypothesis was developed in two main directions: the double redaction hypothesis and the concept of successive redactions. This chapter charts these developments and ends by exploring ways of reading Deuteronomy in relation to the books of Joshua through Kings using a literary approach, independently of the Deuteronomistic History hypothesis.
Buddhist Practice in South Asia
Authors: Shaw Miranda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter draws on material culture and written sources to offer a broadly chronological treatment of South Asian Buddhism as it evolved through the early, Mahayana, “proto-Tantric,” and Vajrayana phases. The main thematic focus is the veneration of female generative power that wends through Buddhist thought, iconography, and practice. By adducing multiple iterations of primary source as female and a range of creative and transformative forces envisioned as female, the chapter elicits a unifying principle of an extensive range of monument features, visual motifs, meditative and ceremonial processes, and merit-making endeavors. A secondary focus of the chapter is bodily, sensory, and material practices and performances.
Ritual Identification and Purification in Esoteric Practice
Authors: Payne Richard K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the ritual action central to tantric Buddhist praxis, the practitioner identifies with the deity. Ritual identification involves the practitioner’s body, speech, and mind being identified with the body, speech, and mind of the deity evoked in the ritual. Always and already awakened, ritual identification is a practice that enables the practitioner to realize that state. In a widely employed ritual known as homa, offerings are made into a fire. While scholarship on the process of awakening has most frequently employed the semiotic pairing of sudden and gradual, or leap and path, it is difficult to fit tantric praxis into one or the other. Looking at the metaphors for the process of awakening, this chapter identifies three models of awakening instead of two: cleansing, cultivating, and transmuting, the last being closest to the tantric conception of the path from ground to goal.
Dance as Vajrayana Practice
Authors: Shaw Miranda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Vajrayana dance tradition of Nepal is a yogic practice and ritual art of the Vajracharyas, the Vajrayana priesthood of the Kathmandu Valley. Charya dance (caryā-nṛtya) serves primarily as a form of deity yoga (deva-yoga), a method of bodily transformation into deity. To the staple practices of mantra recitation and visualization common to all Tantric traditions, Charya dance adds the full-bodied, kinesthetic dimension of embodying the dynamic movement quality of the deity. After situating dance within Newar Vajrayana, this chapter considers how dance figures in the goal of embodying deity. The chapter presents three strands of explanation offered within the tradition, elicits the differing views of deity they entail, and identifies principles that support and unify the three explanatory modes. A dance of Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of universal compassion, serves as a focus for the analyses.
Koan Practice
Authors: Shore Jeff 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Koan practice in the Zen Buddhist tradition is a catalyst to awaken as Gautama Buddha did. Impromptu encounters and statements attributed to the early Chan (J. Zen) tradition can be considered precursors of koans. Eventually these encounters and statements spawned, on one hand, the practice of focusing on the koan as one’s own deepest problem-question in order to directly awaken no-self, that is, being without self. This was done through rousing the fundamental religious quandary known as great doubt, a doubt in which the very nature of one’s being, and that of all others, is fundamentally called into question. On the other hand, a unique literature of koan cases and commentaries developed to probe and express awakening from the dream world or nightmare of isolation and opposition. Particularly in Japan, koan practice has been formulated into curricula both to foster awakening and to refine it in all facets of life. Modern scholarship has examined koan practice, including its historical development, literary texts, sociopolitical contexts, and sectarian rivalries. While taking critical scholarship into account, this chapter clarifies what koans are and how they are used in authentic practice.