bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote Monitoring of Well Production Performance Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Biao , Han Guoqing , Lu Xin , Tan Shuai , Zhu Zhiyong , Xiang Huizhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A set of dynamic remote monitoring method of production performance based on Machine Learning is proposed for the production process of electric submersible pump (ESP) well with multi-dimensional parameters. Aiming at dealing with the characteristics of multi-dimensional parameters in the complex production system, to implement dynamic monitoring of production performance. Helping the engineers at data centers to find the anomaly remotely and make response in a timely manner.
It puts forward a procedure for large amount, high dimension and low information density production data in complex production system, using the dimensionality reduction algorithm to reduce the dimensionality into one comprehensive parameter changing over time, time series analysis algorithm for the production anomaly detection and prediction based on Machine Learning. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality and extract the crucial information. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is used to conduct timing anomaly detection, and fbProphet model is used to analyze the dimensionality reduced data to provide prediction of the production.
With the dimensionality reduction, time series comprehensive parameter analysis and anomaly detection method based on Machine Learning, more than 40 ESP wells with 15 dimensions production daily parameters up to 1,000 days were analyzed, which realized the comprehensive description of ESP wells with multiparameter. Although the PCA retained only 47.73% of the information in the first principal component, which may be related with the low information density of industrial big data, the subsequent analysis proved the effectiveness. The time series analysis realized many times anomaly detection during the life period of each ESP well, and visualized the production data and the anomalous events. More than 100 anomalous events were detected in advance and which were robust corresponding to the subsequence real production events, among which 95% agreement rate is achieved. The procedure proposed reported the anomaly events with high confidence up to 90%, and low misstatement rate and omission rate, realized the production perception and abnormal detection in a timely manner. Based on this algorithm, the best time for the well intervention is determined, so that the loss of production is avoided and the revenue is maximized.
The novelty of the procedure of Machine Learning using the multiple production data is in the ability to provide a solution of dealing with the low information density and high noise in the complex multi- dimensional production data of production wells, realize the comprehensive description, analysis and prediction of the production. It is helpful for engineers find the abnormalities in time, and will support the decision making of production, optimization and well intervention for the production.
Downhole Chemical Remediation Via Microencapsulated Media
Authors: Dietz Charles H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
A new revolutionary method of delivering remedial chemical downhole has been developed. The modality involves utilizing microencapsulated chemical compounds and packaging them in a tubular body which is placed at the base of the bottom hole assembly. Results are compared to conventional downhole chemical treatment methods.

Methods, Procedures, Process
This new approach is based on the established practice of providing pharmacological remediation via a microencapsulated chemical compound that is targeted to a designated location prior to the release of the active chemicals. The method of microencapsulation, packaging and placement of the tool will be discussed. Case studies will also be considered that demonstrate the long-term release rate, the inhibition efficiency of phosphonic acid-based compounds, and the corrosion and paraffin reduction efficacy of the hydrocarbon based encapsulated compounds in the downhole tool. Information will also be presented concerning the modified use of the apparatus on the surface to provide remediation at the wellhead location.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Historically, managing and inhibiting corrosion, scaling and paraffin deposition downhole required surface chemical applications via a conduit to deliver the remedial chemical compounds. More recent advancements have been made to integrate the inhibitors with ceramic beads which effectively replace a portion of the proppants during the fracturing stage or even during the squeeze application where chemical inhibitor is injected downhole under high pressure to lodge in the formation for short term extended release. A modification of this principle involves dropping solid chemical compounds, in the form of pellets, down the wellbore and ultimately into the long cylindrical cavity below the tubing string called the rathole, where the accumulated mass can rapidly dissolve. There are numerous limitations to this mode of application, not the least of which is rapid dissolution of the chemical compound.
A patented method of microencapsulating the standard array of chemical remedial agents used in the oilfield has been developed. The encapsulation process involves initiating an exothermic, complex organic reaction under controlled conditions. The encapsulated compound is then extruded under pressure to create a solid chemical stick of various proportions. These sticks are then placed inside a metal tube that is perforated and jacketed with screen. This design allows for slow targeted release of the chemical compounds at the placement site of the tool.

New, Additive Information
The novelty of this type of chemical application is in the ability to place one-hundred percent of the active chemical compounds at the exact location downhole where the issues of, scale nucleation, corrosion penetration/impingement and paraffin agglomeration begin. This stands in contrast to surface chemical applications that routinely use diluted chemical remedial agents and apply larger quantities using injection pump scenarios.
Produced Water Treatment and Utilization: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Eyitayo Stella I. , Watson Marshall C. , Kolawole Oladoyin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Produced water is naturally occurring water that is produced as a byproduct during the exploration and production of oil and natural gas from the subsurface system. Produced water brought to the surface contains high saline content and may also contain Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). Therefore, the efficient treatment, use, and disposal of produced water remain a critical issue for the energy industry with environmental and human health implications. Over the years, researchers have presented numerous treatment technologies ranging from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives. Some industries have combined one or two of these methods to improve the treatment quality of produced water required for distinct purposes, and these practices have been extended to the energy industry. As the energy industry strives to sustain production capacities and maintain or increase profitability in this energy-transition era, water production is also rising while there is a reduction in its re-purposing and utilization for energy and environmental industries. Our study focuses on over 100 studies conducted over the past five decades. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the produced treatment methods, challenges regarding the execution and implementation of these methods in the energy industry. We highlight the important fundamental questions that are yet to be addressed and propose new directions for more environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions for the treatment and use of produced water.
Evaluation of the effects of pigments produced by environmental bacteria on cancer cells
Authors: bani Nazanin Hashemi , moazamian Elham , Rezaei Aliakbar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cancers are a collection of incapacitating diseases in which cells initiate to divide and spread to adjacent tissues in an uncontrolled manner. Many researches demonstrated the potential of bacterial pigments as promising anticancer agents Therefore, in this study, the cytotoxic effects of bacterial pigments were evaluated in breast and colon cancer cell lines. In this study, a total of 90 samples were collected from air, water, and soil from 28 different geographical areas of Iran. Forty isolates were selected based on differences in colony color and geographic regions. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of pigment on MCF-7 and SW-48 cells. Bacteria whose pigment had the highest cytotoxic effect on cell lines were selected. Accurate identification was performed using PCR, and their relative purity was measured using TLC. Bacteria isolated from any three ecosystems are capable of producing pigments. Pigment-producing bacteria are more abundant in the soil than air and water. Among pigment-producing bacteria, 3 isolates had the highest cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells, and 3 isolates had the greatest effect on SW-48 cells. The results of sequencing of isolates at the BLAST site showed that 6 isolates with cytotoxic effects were identified (Micrococcus xinjiangensis, Dietzia, Arthrobacter agilis, Exigubacterium mexicanum, Bacillus beijingensis). Chromatography shows that these pigmented bacteria have different pigment components.Pigment extraction from bacteria can be used as a complementary therapy or other therapies for breast and colon cancer in the future.
Influence of the time discrepancy (TD) between the first grinding wheel cut-out and the second cut-in of two-pass grinding on the hardened layer
Authors: Zhao XiaoFeng , Liu Judong , Xu Kai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, grind-hardening experiment on nodular cast iron QT400 was done with a surface grinder. The effects of the time discrepancy(TD) between the first cut-out of the grinding wheel and the second cut-in of the two-pass grinding on the grinding force, microstructure, micro-hardness and uniformity of the hardened layer depth were studied. Then, by using the measured tangential grinding force, the simulation model of grinding temperature field is established. We concluded that, with the same grinding parameters, increasing TD can reduce micro-hardness and harden layer depth, but the uniformity of the hardened layer increases. However, the change of TD has no noticeable influence on the grinding force and microstructure of the hardened layer. The simulation results show that with the same grinding parameters, reducing the TD can increase the temperature of the workpiece in the second grinding. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, and the relative error of the hardened layer depth is 9%. Under the consistent grinding parameters, when TD =6s, the hardened layer depth is moderate and its uniformity is good.
En-Block resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma with tumour thrombus propagating into the intrapericardial Inferior Vena Cava: A transabdominal approach.
Authors: Sidiropoulos Theodoros A , Smyrniotis Vassilios , Parasyris Stavros , Ntella Vassiliki , Margaris Ioannis , Theodoraki Kassiani , Vassiliu Pantelis , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary kidney cancer. In up to 4-10% of patients, the tumor is complicated with malignant thrombus extending to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Complete surgical excision of the RCC and the neoplastic thrombus can be curative. We aim to present a safe alternative transabdominal operative technique applied in six patients diagnosed with RCC and IVC thrombus.Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted in a tertiary academic center in Athens, Greece. All six patients, that were operated for RCC and level-IV malignant thrombus in our department from January 2009 until March 2020, were screened. Intraoperatively, the infrarenal and intrapericardial IVC were clamped simultaneously with the renal and liver blood inflow. Access to the intrapericardial IVC was obtained via the central tendon of the diaphragm. Results: During the study period 6 patients presented with RCC and level-IV IVC thrombus. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy combined with IVC thrombectomy, without the need for a thoracotomy. Operative and hospital mortality was 0%.Conclusions: The proposed surgical technique may be curative in patients with advanced intracaval thrombus and helps reduce the associated morbidity, mortality, and the overall cost of more extended operations.
Elucidating the Early SARS-CoV-2 Dynamics and Concomitant Immune Responses in Unvaccinated Participants of an Intensely Sampled Longitudinal Surveillance Study
Authors: Gunawardana Manjula , Webster Simon , Rivera Sofia , Cortez John , Breslin Jessica , Pinales Cristian , Buser Christopher , Ibarrondo Javier , Yang Otto , Bobardt Michael , Gallay Philippe , Adler Amy , Ramirez Christina , Anton Peter , Baum Marc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics and the ensuing host immune responses is needed to explain the pathogenesis as it relates to viral transmission. Here, we report results from an ongoing, longitudinal, workplace clinical surveillance study that address knowledge gaps surrounding SARS-CoV-2 in vivo kinetics, particularly in the earliest stages after exposure. Nine study participants who developed COVID-19 between November, 2020 and March, 2021 were monitored at high temporal resolution for three months in terms of viral loads as well as associated inflammatory biomarker and antibody responses. Analysis of the resulting datasets, supported by Bayesian modeling, allowed the underlying kinetic processes to be described, yielding a number of unexpected findings. Early viral replication is more rapid (median doubling time, 3.1 hours) than previously thought, shrinking the window between exposure and viral shedding. Results from our small study give a rare insight into the life-cycle of COVID-19 infection and hold a number of important biological, clinical, and public health implications.
Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting hepatocyte pyroptosis after liver transplantation in rats
Authors: Wang Tao , Fang Yuan , Zhang XiaoLi , Yang Yang , Jin Li , Li ZhiTao , Tang WeiQiang , Zhao Dan , Miao YingLei , Zeng Zhong , Huang HanFei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is recognized as a key cytoprotective mechanism for inflammation during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Accumulating evidence suggests that pyroptosis plays an important role in inflammation of IRI. However, the mechanism between HO-1 and pyroptosis in IRI requires further investigation.Methods:The "two-cuff" method was performed to establish a model of liver transplantation (LT) from donors after circulatory death. The HO-1 overexpression and shRNA recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) were constructed and transfected into rats. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of ROS in cells to evaluate the degree of oxidative stress. An automatic biochemical analyzer was performed to detect serum ALT and AST levels and evaluate liver function. Paraffin sections were stained with HE to observe the degree of pathological damage to the tissues. ELISA was applied to detect the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissues. The tissues were analyzed for the expression of HO-1, pro-caspase-1, p22, full-GSDMD, and cleaved-N-GSDMD by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NLRP3. Results.The model was successfully constructed, and the difference in survival time obtained was statistically significant after HO-1 overexpression and shRNA recombinant AAV transfected into the donor. The expression of HO-1 was time-dependent with IRI. HE and Suzuki score showed that the short-term groups' tissue necrosis was severer than the control. ROS, ALT, and AST expression in the short-term after IRI was significantly higher than control. The expression of pro-caspase-1, p22, full-GSDMD, and cleaved-N-GSDMD trend was consistent with HO-1, increased significantly in short-term while decreasing in long-term. The expression level of NLRP3 was the lowest in the recent six hours. At six hours after IRI, compared with HO-1-shRNA groups, the ROS, IL-1β, IL-18, ALT, and AST in the HO-1 overexpression were significantly reduced, as well as p22 and cleaved-N-GSDMD, were significantly inhibited. Immunohistochemical revealed that the expression of NLRP3 had a higher level in HO-1 overexpression groups.Conclusion.HO-1 improved the survival rate of rats after LT. And HO-1 promoted the recovery of IRI after LT. This study demonstrated that HO-1 could inhibit hepatocyte pyroptosis, thereby reducing IRI after LT.
Cross-modal facilitation of memory through actions
Authors: Gasser Camille , Davachi Lila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Throughout our lives, the actions we produce can be highly familiar and repetitive (e.g., commuting to work); yet layered upon these routine actions are unique, one-shot, episodic experiences. Substantial research has shown that prior knowledge can facilitate learning of conceptually-related new information. However, despite the central role our behavior plays in ongoing experience, little is known about how engagement in a familiar sequence of actions might influence memory for unrelated, non-motor information coincident with those actions. To this end, participants encoded novel items while simultaneously following a sequence of actions (button presses) that was either predictable/well-learned or random. Across three experiments, we find that temporal order memory, but not item or source memory, is significantly enhanced for novel items encoded while participants executed predictable versus random action sequences. Such results suggest that the execution of predictable behaviors during novel learning scaffolds within-event temporal memory, an essential feature of episodic experiences.
Bristol Rabbit Pain Scale (BRPS): Clinical utility, validity and reliability
Authors: Benato L. , Murrell J. , Rooney N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background The Bristol Rabbit Pain Scale (BRPS) was developed using a unique combination of methods, focus groups and behavioural observation, that led to a composite pain scale of six categories (Demeanour, Posture, Locomotion, Ears, Eyes and Grooming) with four intensities of pain (0, 1, 2, and 3), and a total score of 0-18. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility, validity and reliability of the BRPS. Materials and methodsThe clinical utility of the BRPS was tested using a questionnaire composed of ten questions each on a five-point Likert scale ranging from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). The questionnaire asked questions such as whether the BRPS was easy and quick to use and whether it provided information that was clinically useful. The questionnaire was tested for internal reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The construct validity (how well the tool measures the concept it was designed for) was measured by observers blindly rating 20 rabbits pre- and post-surgery whilst the criterion validity (the degree to which the tool correlates with a gold standard) was assessed by correlating the BRPS with a numerical rating scale (NRS) with a total score of 0-10. Inter-rater reliability was tested by quantifying the agreement in the pain scores given by nine participants when assessing the same 40 video clips. The intra-rater reliability was measured by testing how consistent the participants were when rating the same clips one month later. Results The median score of the ten questions of the clinical utility test was 4 (range 2-5). The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the clinical utility test was good (α=0.811) demonstrating good internal consistency. The median (range) pain score of the BRPS and the NRS were 3 (0-14) and 0 (0-8) before surgery and 12 (1-18) and 7 (0-10) after surgery respectively. The BRPS demonstrated high construct validity (Z= -11.452; p ≤ 0.001) and there was a strong correlation between the BRPS and the NRS (Rho=0.851; p ≤ 0.001) indicating high criterion validity. The inter-rater and the intra-rater agreements were α =0.8633 and α =0.8610 respectively, which is considered good. ConclusionsThis study showed that the BRPS is a suitable tool for quantifying pain in rabbits in a clinically useful, valid and reliable way.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide enhances the efficacy and persistence of CD19 CAR-T cells via NAD + –Sirt1 axis
Authors: Yu Zhen , Tong Shuai , Zhang Can , Bai Yue , An Zhijing , Xu Chang , Wang Fang , Hu Yi , Zhuang Qinghui , Zhong Xiaosong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells targeting antigens expressed on tumor cells have exhibited significant antitumor effects on several types of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, B cell maturation antigen, and CD19-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, several drawbacks, particularly the poor persistence, limit the use of CAR-T cell-based therapy. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), has been shown to reverse age-related complications and slow the aging rate by enhancing NAD+ levels in the body. However, whether NMN treatment could enhance the longevity and persistence of CAR-T cells and improve their antitumor efficacy is still unclear. In this study, we observed that NMN treatment limited differentiation and significantly increased stem cell–like memory (Tscm) and stem cell–like memory (Tcm) in CD19 CAR-T cells. In addition, both telomerase length and proliferation ability were increased, whereas apoptosis was reduced after NMN treatment of CD19 CAR-T cells. High-throughput sequencing data indicated that NMN treatment upregulated Sirt1 expression in CD19 CAR-T cells and downregulated genes downstream of Sirt1, such as NF-κB, TP53, and Bax. Animal experiments showed that NMN treated CAR-T cells exerted great antitumor efficacy in human xenografted mouse models. In conclusion, NMN enhances the efficacy and longevity of CD19 CAR-T cells via the NAD+–Sirt1 axis.