bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for migraine prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamad Safiai Nabil Izzaatie , Mohamad Nur Afiqah , Basri Hamidon , Inche Mat Liyana Najwa , Hoo Fan Kee , Abdul Rashid Anna Misyail , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Loh Wei Chao , Baharin Janudin , Fernandez Aaron , Samsudin Intan Nureslyna , Mohamed Mohd Hazmi , Ching Siew Mooi , Lee Kai Wei , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Wan Sulaiman Wan Aliaa 
Published: April 2022

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a migraine prevention by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Background The efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as preventive migraine treatment remains debatable. Methods PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and BioMed Central databases were searched from their inception until December 2020. Randomised trials comparing high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with sham for migraine prevention were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane guidelines. Headache days, pain intensity, acute medication intake, and disability were extracted as study outcomes and the mean difference with a random-effects model was used to determine the effect size. Results Meta-analysis revealed that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex significantly reduced acute medication intake (Mean Difference = 9.78, p = 0.02, 95%CI: 1.60, 17.96, p = 0.02) and functional disability (Mean Difference = 8.00, p < 0.05, 95%CI: 4.21, 11.79). However, no differences were found in headache days and pain intensity reduction, although there was a slight trend favouring high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Conclusion High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be effective in reducing acute medication intake and disability. However, more studies are needed to strengthen this preliminary evidence.
Development Trajectories and Institutional Reform in Brazil: The Duality Problem Revisited in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Macedo Luis Otavio Bau 
Published: April 2022

This essay aims at providing a novel analytical framework based on the concept of "duality" as proposed by the Brazilian economist Ignacio Rangel. In this portrayal, neoliberal policies are the consequence of the reinforcement of the dual character of the Brazilian society, which induces the economic outcomes of financialization and regression amid institutional change that (re)position class asymmetries. In this scheme, redistributive welfare state measures are of key importance to maintaining social cohesion and political support and, therefore, enabling the harmonization of these conflicting objectives in a neoliberal economic agenda. In this framework, the current Brazilian right-wing extremism and crisis is the outcome of such long-term entanglement in which democratic mediation is jeopardized. JEL Classification: B51, P16
Does Gender Really Matter: Childhood Trauma, Trait Anger, and Suicide Risk in Early Adulthood
Authors: Yarar Esra Zıvralı , Bulut Burcu Pınar , Demirbaş Hatice 
Published: April 2022

Background: Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding gender differences in suicidal behavior. This discrepancy may be partly attributable to common predictors of suicide risk, such as childhood trauma and anger, and may also be independent of gender. Objectives: The present study investigated gender differences in the impact of childhood trauma and current trait anger on suicide risk, in a group of young Turkish adults. We hypothesized that trait anger would mediate the association between childhood trauma and suicide risk, independently of gender. Participants and Setting: Participants were 589 university students (84.3% women) aged 18–34 years (M = 21.43, SD = 1.82). Methods: Gender group differences in suicide risk, history of childhood trauma, and trait anger as well as possible covariates (i.e., self-rated socio-economic status and academic performance) were assessed. Possible predictors of suicide risk in gender groups were examined. The role of trait anger as a mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk was also examined. Results: Results showed that men reported a higher suicide risk, history of childhood trauma, and trait anger than women. Early childhood trauma and current trait anger scores were significant predictors of suicide risk in both gender groups. Trait anger significantly mediated the relationship between early trauma history and risk for suicide, independently of gender. Conclusions: Study findings support early reports of the effects of childhood trauma and trait anger on suicide risk. It was suggested that preventive interventions for suicidal behavior and monitoring risk groups with aggressive tendencies and childhood trauma history may be important.
Validating the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist in a Cognitive Clinic: Comparisons With the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire
Authors: Hu Sophie , Patten Scott , Charlton Anna , Fischer Karyn , Fick Gordon , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: April 2022

Objective To compare the utility of the Mild Behavioral Impairment-Checklist (MBI-C) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) to capture NPS in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Methods In this cross-sectional memory clinic study, linear regression models compared MBI-C (n = 474) and NPI-Q (n = 1040) scores in relation to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Results MBI prevalence was 37% in subjective cognitive decline, 54% in mild cognitive impairment, and 62% in dementia. Worse diagnostic status was associated with higher MBI-C and NPI-Q score ( P < .001), lower MoCA ( P < .001), and greater age ( P < .001). Higher MBI-C (β −.09; 95% CI −.13, −.05) and NPI-Q (β −.17; 95% CI −.23, −.10) scores were associated with lower MoCA scores, with psychosis most strongly associated (β −1.11; 95% CI −1.56, −.65 vs β −1.14; 95% CI −1.55, −.73). Conclusions The MBI-C captures global and domain-specific NPS across cognitive stages. Both the MBI-C and NPI-Q have utility in characterizing NPS.
Reliability and Validity of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Mild Behavioral Impairment – Checklist Among Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment – A Validation Study
Authors: Lin Rose SY. , Yu Doris SF. , Chau Pui H. , Li Polly WC. , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: April 2022

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the traditional Chinese version of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) among Hong Kong Chinese with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A total of 172 participants were recruited from 2 community facilities. Cronbach’s alpha (α) was calculated to evaluate internal consistency. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure 2-week test–retest reliability. Construct validity was evaluated by conducting exploratory factor analysis to identify the internal structure of MBI-C, and assessing the correlation between theoretically related constructs, including objective and subjective cognitive impairment, neurotic personality, social supports, and maladaptive coping. Concurrent validity was assessed by its correlation with Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). Results The results revealed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MBI-C. Item analysis identified 4 items with low item-to-total correlations. The EFA identified a seven-factor structure. Hypothesis testing identified its significant correlations with subjective cognitive impairment, neurotic personality, social supports, and maladaptive coping. Concurrent validity was supported by its significant correlation with the NPI-Q. Conclusions The traditional Chinese version of MBI-C is a valid and reliable outcome measure to assess the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms of the MCI population.
Is Marital Quality Related to Physical Activity Across the Life Course for Men and Women?
Authors: Thomas Patricia A. , Richards Elizabeth A. , Forster Anna K. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives Although physical activity is linked to multiple health outcomes, a majority of Americans do not meet physical activity guidelines, often with precipitous declines among older adults. Marital quality is a less-explored, but important, factor that may influence physical activity, as spouses often influence each other’s health behaviors. Methods We use nationally representative panel data to investigate whether positive and negative dimensions of marital quality influence physical activity, and whether age and gender moderate these relationships. Results We find that both marital support and strain are related to higher odds of more frequent active exercise and walking, pointing to the complex influence of marital quality. Marital support became increasingly important to higher levels of walking frequency as men aged. Discussion This study provides new information on the ways in which both positive and negative dimensions of marital quality may contribute to trajectories of physical activity across the life course.
Effect of stiffness on load-sharing characteristics of twin rotors concentric face gear power-split transmission system
Authors: Hao Dong , Hao-qin Zhang , Zhen-Bin Liu , Yue Bi 
Published: April 2022

A twin rotors concentric face-gear power-split transmission system (TRCFGPSTS) applied to the core transmission mechanism of advanced aviation twin rotors helicopter was studied. The effects of torsional stiffness and support stiffness on the load-sharing characteristics of system were mainly studied. By comprehensively considering the factors such as manufacturing error and installation error, meshing stiffness, torsional stiffness, support stiffness and elastic deformation, and according to the power flow double closed-loop mechanical characteristics of this system, the static double closed-loop torsional angle elastic deformation coordination conditions are derived. The static load-sharing model was established by combining the moment balance equation of system. The load-sharing coefficient (LSC) and sensitivity parameters characterizing the load distribution of system were obtained. The effects of the torsional stiffness of the split-torsion shaft and the double-torsion shaft and the support stiffness of each gear on the load-sharing characteristics of the system were analyzed. The results show that the torsional stiffness of the split-torsion shaft and the double-torsion shaft has a great influence on LSC and sensitivity of the system, when its value is in the range of (1–1.6) × 105 N·m /rad and (2.4–4.3) ×105 N·m /rad, the system can meet the requirements of ± 5% of load-sharing characteristics under service conditions. Reducing the torsional stiffness of the split-torsion shaft can improve the load-sharing characteristics of the system, and the torsional stiffness of the right-branching double-shaft has little effect on the load-sharing characteristics of the left-branching of the system. The support stiffness of I-stage small cone angle face gear and Ⅲ-stage face gear is the most sensitive to LSC. With the increase of the support stiffness, the LSC first decreases and then gradually flattens, and the support stiffness of Ⅲ-stage face-gear has little effect on the I-stage LSC. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of load-sharing structure.
Investigation of friction and wear resistance of carbonitrided AISI 4130 steels using single and multi-pass scratch technique
Authors: Ghanem Abdelkarim , Atallah Mohamed s , Khlifi Kaouther , Barhoumi Najoua , Terres Mohamed A 
Published: April 2022

The present paper investigates the friction and wear resistance of carbonitrided AISI 4130 steels using single and multi-pass scratch techniques. The influence of carbon concentration in high-temperature gas carbonitriding on friction, wear, and corrosion behavior was studied. The microstructure and morphological properties of carbonitrided layers were investigated employing optical microscope and XRD. The corrosion performance of carbonitrided layers was also evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. The results of microstructure showed the formation of an arrangement of carbonitrides, chromium nitride, retained austenite, and [Formula: see text] carbides phases in the carbonitrided layers. The carbonitrided layer microhardness increased as a function of increasing carbon concentration to attain a maximum value of about 980 HV0.1 at a carbon content between 1 and 1.2%. The microhardness value was more than 3 times than those of the untreated AISI 4130 steels. Moreover, carbon content has a significant influence on the scratch resistance. For single pass, a critical load (LC1) of about 3.5 N was found. The use of multi-pass scratching allowed to examine friction coefficient, wear volume, and damage mechanism. Carbonitrided layers revealed a low friction coefficient (0.06) and a low wear volume that does not exceed [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the multi-pass scratch technique can extract valuable information about the wear behavior of the carbonitrided layers. The results of corrosion test showed that the formation of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and chromium nitride phases in carbonitrided layers were at the origin of high electrochemical resistance.
Neuroprotection of chromobox 7 knockout in the mouse after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Hai-Tao , Wang Xi-Zeng , Zhang Qing-Mei , Zhao Han 
Published: April 2022

Objective To explore the mechanism of chromobox 7 (CBX7)-mediated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods The experimental wild-type (WT) and CBX7-/- mice were used to establish cerebral I/R models using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery to determine CBX7 levels at different time points after MCAO injury. For all mice, neurological behavior, infarct size, water content, and oxidative stress–related indicators were determined, and transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)) staining method was employed to observe cell apoptosis, while Western blot to measure the expression of CBX7 and Nrf/HO-1 pathway-related proteins. Results At 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after mice with MCAO, CBX7 expression was gradually up-regulated and the peak level was reached at 24 h. Mice in the WT + MCAO group had increased infarct size, with significant increases in the modified neurological severity scores and water content in the brain, as well as the quantity of TUNEL-positive cells. For the oxidative stress-indicators, an increase was seen in the content of MDA (malondial dehyde), but the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and content of GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) were decreased; meanwhile, the protein expression of CBX7, HO-1, and nuclear Nrf2 was up-regulated, while the cytoplasmic Nrf2 was down-regulated. Moreover, CBX7 knockout attenuated I/R injury in mice. Conclusion Knockout of CBX7 may protect mice from cerebral I/R injury by reducing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, possibly via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Characterizing the Over-indebted: An Event History Analysis of Financial Diaries
Authors: Rao Sachit , Parthasarathy Navitha 
Published: April 2022

Low-income households (HHs) face vagaries in income and expenses. These often require the HH to borrow and can cause the HH to become over-indebted. Financial Diaries capture information on incomes, expenses, loans, and shocks with fine granularity and at frequent intervals. In this article, such a dataset is analyzed using the event history analysis approach in order to quantify the risk of HHs becoming over-indebted. Over-indebtedness is defined using two rubrics: monthly debt-to-income ratio and sacrifices made by the HH. The results of this analysis may be used by institutions to customize financial instruments based on the characteristics of an HH. JEL Codes: C410, C810, C830
The Airblue Flight 202: Communication and Decision Making in Crisis
Authors: Khalid Afaf , Ahmad Ghufran 
Published: April 2022

The case study on Airblue chronicles the events that led to the biggest plane crash in the aviation history of Pakistan. Airblue flight 202 destined from Karachi to Islamabad crashed while attempting to land under adverse weather conditions. The flight carried 146 passengers and 6 crew members; all died in the crash. Later investigations identified gross errors in judgment and decision making by the cockpit crew and unprofessional attitude as the sole cause of the crash. The case study documents the events that unfolded prior to the crash and identifies a number of major factors that are important while communicating and making decisions under critical situations. It touches upon the themes of superior-subordinate communication and relationships, empowerment, sense of responsibility under life-threatening situations, making sense of crises, the role of initiative, self-confidence, and reliance on others. The case is suitable to be taught on topics dealing with communication, decision making, teamwork, and leadership in crises, at the graduate level (MBA) and in executive training courses on team building, leadership and crisis management. It highlights the situations which emerge as crises and where teamwork is paramount for the effective achievement of goals. Furthermore, it focuses on the possible relapses when effective teamwork and communication are not in play.
Exploring the Definition of “Similar Toxicities”: Case Studies Illustrating Industry and Regulatory Interpretation of ICH S6(R1) for Long-Term Toxicity Studies in One or Two Species
Authors: Prior Helen , Clarke David O , Jones David , Salicru Eleni , Schutten Melissa M , Sewell Fiona 
Published: April 2022

ICH S6 (R1) states that safety evaluation of biotherapeutics should normally include 2 relevant species when available (i.e., a rodent and non-rodent species in which the test material is pharmacologically active), at least for short-term toxicology studies (generally supporting Phase I trials). For subsequent long-term toxicology studies (e.g., chronic studies up to 6 months dosing duration), there are options to reduce to only one species when justified, including when the mechanism of action of the biologic is well-understood or the toxicity findings in the short-term studies are “similar” in both the rodent and non-rodent species. Across the industry, around 25 to 33% of biologics assess multiple species within short-term toxicity studies but it is often unclear how different companies and regulators are applying the ICH S6 (R1) principles of “similar toxicity profiles” to progress with either 1 or 2 species in the long-term studies, in particular whether the absence of toxicities is considered within this definition. Sponsors may potentially continue to use 2 species to avoid regulatory risk and potential delays in development timelines, representing missed opportunities for reducing animal use, particularly of non-human primates, during drug development. This article summarizes presentations from a symposium at the 41st Annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology (ACT) in November 2020, in which industry case studies and regulatory perspectives addressed considerations and decisions for using 1 or 2 species for long-term toxicity studies, highlighting any common themes or experience that could be applicable for use in future decision-making.
Trocar-assisted flanged transconjunctival intrascleral sutureless intraocular lens fixation
Authors: GamalElDin Sherif A , ElShazly Malak I , Salama Marwa M 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To study the safety and efficacy of 25-gauge trocar-assisted flanged intrascleral sutureless IOL fixation in patients with insufficient posterior capsular support. Methods Five aphakic eyes with capsular insufficiency were included in this prospective interventional case series study, at Dar El Oyoun Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Twenty five-gauge trocar-assisted flanged intrascleral sutureless technique was used for IOL fixation, in which retinal microforceps were used to capture and externalize both haptics through a scleral tunnel. CDVA, IOP measurements and IOL centralization were reported pre- and one day, one & 3 months postoperatively. Any intra- or postoperative complications were recorded. Results The mean LogMAR CDVA had significantly improved one day, 1 & 3 months postoperatively (0.74 ± 0.1, 0.42 ± 0.07 and 0.26 ± 0.08 respectively, p  < 0.001) compared to the preoperative value (1.7 ± 0.17). The mean IOP showed no significant changes along the follow-up period (16.9 ± 0.1; 16.2 ± 1.1; 16.3 ± 0.9 mmHg, p = 0.68, 0.58, 0.89) respectively at 1st day, 1 & 3 months postoperatively) compared to the preoperative measurement (16.4 ± 1.8 mmHg). The IOL was found to be centralized in all cases. No intra- or postoperative complications were encountered. Conclusion 25-gauge trocar-assisted flanged intrascleral sutureless IOL fixation is found to be a reliable and effective technique that overcomes Yamane technique's challenges for IOL fixation in cases with posterior capsular insufficiency.
Descemet stripping only and ripasudil for the treatment of traumatic Descemet’s membrane ruptures
Authors: Fernández López Ester , Montolío-Marzo Santiago , Ortega Pérez Carolina , Catalán Gómez Magdalena , Peris Martínez Cristina , Piá Ludeña Jose Vicente , Chan Elsie 
Published: April 2022

Purpose Descemet´s membrane ruptures (with a discontinuation of Descemet´s membrane and double detached coiled edges) in the context of complicated anterior segment surgery have rarely been described and its management can be challenging. We report a modified Descemet stripping only (DSO) technique associated with ripasudil drops to treat these cases when other techniques fail. Methods We describe two cases of large Descemet´s membrane detachments associated with Descemet´s ruptures after cataract surgery that did not respond to two SF6 intracameral injections. As the detached Descemet's membrane and coiled edges might have prevented endothelial cell migration, we decided to perform a modified DSO with post-operative ripasudil drops to promote corneal clearance. Results Both cases improved significantly in unaided and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal clearance and pachymetry, avoiding the need for an endothelial keratoplasty. Endothelial cells were observed on specular microscopy within the area of the descemetorhexis. Conclusion DSO with ripasudil drops might be a valuable tool to recover corneal clearance and avoid endothelial keratoplasty in complex Descemet´s membrane detachments with ruptures that do not respond to other treatments.