bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Pheromone Trap Catches and Maize Plant Damage as Criteria for Timing Fall Armyworm Control Interventions in Humid Forest Agroecology of Central Africa
Authors: Abang Albert F , Nanga Samuel N , Esi Ndanda Rosa M O , Doumtsop Fotio Armand R , Gonder Mary K , Kouebou Christian , Suh Christopher , Fotso Kuate A , Fiaboe Komi K K M , Hanna Rachid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Control of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) since its invasion of Africa still depends on pesticides. Early detection of adults is considered the key to the success of larvae control in the crop field. However, FAW control thresholds based on current monitoring techniques are not well established in Africa. We investigated the efficacy of moth capture frequencies and FAW incidence levels as decision tools for FAW management. Experiments were conducted over two maize cropping seasons during which FAW incidence, severity, and larvae count were recorded during destructive sampling after the application of a homologated insecticide. During the first season, the FAW incidence ranged from 37.5 ± 5.6% in the 25% incidence threshold treatment to 48.1 ± 8.1% in the control. During the second season, the incidence was significantly lower in the 25% incidence threshold treatment (55.8 ± 5.7%) compared with the control (75.7 ± 3.0%). Over the two seasons, no significant difference in FAW damage severity was recorded between the treatments and control. The highest number of larvae per plant (4.0 ± 0.6) was observed in the 10% incidence threshold treatment. Insecticide application did not consistently contribute to reducing FAW incidence and observed plant damage did not translate into yield loss. FAW control needs further investigation to establish a threshold above which damage translates into yield loss, thus necessitating control intervention.
Do highway widenings reduce congestion?
Authors: Ossokina Ioulia V , van Ommeren Jos , van Mourik Henk 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Highway construction occurs nowadays mainly through widening of existing roads rather than building new roads. This article documents that highway widenings considerably reduce congestion in the short run, defined here as 6 years. Using longitudinal microdata from highway detector loops in the Netherlands, we find substantial travel time savings. These savings occur despite strong increases in traffic flow. The welfare benefits in the short run already cover 40% of the widenings’ investment costs. Our article contributes to an explanation why countries invest in roadworks even when the fundamental law of congestion predicts that travel savings disappear in the long run.
Renal function outcome after selective bladder-preserving tetramodality therapy consisting of maximal transurethral resection, induction chemoradiotherapy and consolidative partial cystectomy in comparison with radical cystectomy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a two-centre retrospective study
Authors: Fujiwara Motohiro , Yokoyama Minato , Toide Masahiro , Fujiwara Ryo , Tanaka Hajime , Oguchi Tomohiko , Komai Yoshinobu , Yoshida Soichiro , Matsuoka Yoh , Numao Noboru , Yamamoto Shinya , Fukui Iwao , Yonese Junji , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare renal function (RF) outcomes after bladder-preserving tetramodal therapy against muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to those after radical cystectomy (RC).MethodsThis study included 95 patients treated with tetramodal therapy consisting of transurethral bladder tumour resection, chemoradiotherapy and partial cystectomy (PC) and 300 patients treated with RC. The annual change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was compared using the linear mixed model. Renal impairment was defined as a &gt;25% decrease from the pretreatment eGFR, and renal impairment-free survival (RIFS) was calculated. The association between treatment type and renal impairment was assessed.ResultsThe number of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 8 (8.4%) in the tetramodal therapy group and 75 (25.0%) in the RC group. After the inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustments, the baseline characteristics were balanced between the treatment groups. The mean eGFR before treatment in tetramodal therapy and RC groups was 69.4 and 69.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 and declined with a slope of −0.7 and −1.5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively. The annual deterioration rate of post-treatment eGFR in the tetramodal therapy group was milder than in the RC group. The 5-year RIFS rate in the tetramodal therapy and the RC groups was 91.2 and 85.2%, respectively. Tetramodal therapy was an independent factor of better RIFS compared with RC.ConclusionsRF was better preserved after tetramodal therapy than after radical therapy; however, even after tetramodal therapy, the eGFR decreased, and a non-negligible proportion of patients developed renal impairment.
Changes in geographic accessibility to mammography by state and rural-urban status, United States, 2006-2022
Authors: Wiese Daniel , Islami Farhad , Henry Kevin A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough mammography is widely available in the United States, differences in accessibility in rural and urban areas and changes over time are not well described. In this study, we estimated the number and proportion of women aged 45-84 years who had limited travel time–based geographic accessibility to mammography by urban-rural status and state in the contiguous United States in 2006 and 2022. The proportion of women aged 45-84 years with limited accessibility to mammography did not substantially change from 2006 (12.7%; representing 7.5 million women) to 2022 (12.2%; 8.2 million women). Accessibility to mammography varied by state, but in 10 states, more than 26% of the statewide female population aged 45-84 years had limited accessibility in 2022. This proportion was substantially higher in rural areas (50.6% overall; ≥50% in 28 states in 2022) than in urban areas (3.0% overall). Increasing accessibility to mammography could increase utilization of breast cancer screening and, potentially, improve breast cancer survival.
The Cost of Forest Thinning Operations in the Western United States: A Systematic Literature Review and New Thinning Cost Model
Authors: Chang Heesol , Han Han-Sup , Anderson Nathaniel , Kim Yeon-Su , Han Sang-Kyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mechanical forest thinning treatments are implemented across the western United States (US) to improve forest health and reduce hazardous fuels. However, the main challenge in thinning operations is low financial feasibility. This study synthesized the stump-to-truck cost of forest thinning operations in the western US based on operations research articles published over the last 40 years (1980–2020). We systematically selected and reviewed 20 thinning studies to analyze key variables affecting machine productivity and harvesting costs. The average cost of forest thinning was lowest for a mechanized whole-tree thinning operation at $21.34/ton or $2,075/ha. Feller-bunchers and skidders showed the highest productivity in felling and extraction machines, respectively. We found that extraction cost accounted for the largest proportion of the stump-to-truck cost of forest thinning (33%, 43%, and 34% in whole-tree, tree-length, and cut-to-length thinning, respectively). Tree diameter and machine travel distance are common variables affecting thinning productivity and thus cost, regardless of the harvesting methods used. With thinning productivity and cost data from the selected studies, we developed a spreadsheet-based model to estimate thinning costs for various harvesting systems. This literature synthesis and new thinning cost model can help foresters develop a cost-effective plan for thinning operations.
Can we constrain galaxy geometry parameters using spatially integrated SED fitting?
Authors: Qiu Yisheng , Kang Xi , Luo Yu 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Sophisticated spectral energy distribution (SED) models describe dust attenuation and emission using geometry parameters. This treatment is natural since dust effects are driven by the underlying star–dust geometry in galaxies. An example is the starduster SED model, which divides a galaxy into a stellar disc, a stellar bulge, and a dust disc. This work utilizes the starduster SED model to study the efficacy of inferring geometry parameters using spatially integrated SED fitting. Our method fits the SED model to mock photometry produced by combining a semi-analytic model with the same SED model. Our fitting results imply that the disc radius can be constrained, while the inclination angle, dust disc to stellar disc radius ratio, bulge radius, and intrinsic bulge to total luminosity ratio are unconstrained, even though 21 filters from ultraviolet to far-infrared are used. We also study the impact of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, finding that the increase of S/N (up to 80) brings limited improvements to the results. We provide a detailed discussion to explain these findings, and point out the implications for models with more general geometry.
Expanding fireball in magnetar bursts and fast radio bursts
Authors: Wada Tomoki , Ioka Kunihito 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
A fireball of radiation plasma created near the surface of a neutron star (NS) expands under its own pressure along magnetic field lines, and produces photon emission and relativistic matter outflow. We comprehensively classify the expanding fireball evolution into five cases, and obtain the photospheric luminosity and the kinetic energy of the outflow, taking into account key processes; lateral diffusion of photons escaping from a magnetic flux tube, effects of strong magnetic field, baryon loading from the NS surface, and radiative acceleration via cyclotron resonant scattering, some of which have not been considered in the context of gamma-ray bursts. Applying our model to magnetar bursts with fast radio bursts (FRBs), in particular the X-ray short bursts from SGR 1935+2154 associated with the Galactic FRB 20200428A, we show that the burst radiation can accelerate the outflow to high-Lorentz factor with sufficient energy to power FRBs.
Severe COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: A stratified analysis from the SORCOM multicentre registry
Authors: Boteanu Alina , Leon Leticia , Pérez Esteban Silvia , Rabadán Rubio Elena , Pavía Pascual Marina , Bonilla Gema , Bonilla González-Laganá Carmen , García Fernandez Antia , Recuero Diaz Sheila , Ruiz Gutierrez Lucia , Sanmartín Martínez José Javier , de la Torre-Rubio Natalia , Nuño Laura , Sánchez Pernaute Olga , del Bosque Iván , Lojo Oliveira Leticia , Rodríguez Heredia José Manuel , Clemente Daniel , Abasolo Lydia , Bachiller-Corral Javier 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, stratified by systemic autoimmune conditions and chronic inflammatory arthritis.

Methods
An observational, cross-sectional multicentre study was performed. Patients from 10 rheumatology departments in Madrid who presented with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection between February 2020 and May 2021 were included. The main outcome was COVID-19 severity (hospital admission or mortality). Risk factors for severity were estimated, adjusting for covariates (socio-demographic, clinical, and treatments), using logistic regression analyses.

Results
In total, 523 patients with COVID-19 were included, among whom 192 (35.6%) patients required hospital admission and 38 (7.3%) died. Male gender, older age, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity were associated with severe COVID-19. Corticosteroid doses &gt;10 mg/day, rituximab, sulfasalazine, and mycophenolate use, were independently associated with worse outcomes. COVID-19 severity decreased over the different pandemic waves. Mortality was higher in the systemic autoimmune conditions (univariate analysis, P &lt; .001), although there were no differences in the overall severity in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
This study confirms and provides new insights regarding the harmful effects of corticosteroids, rituximab, and other therapies (mycophenolate and sulfasalazine) in COVID-19. Methotrexate and anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy were not associated with worse outcomes.
Evaluation of a training programme for critical incident debrief facilitators
Authors: Johnson J , Pointon L , Keyworth C , Wainwright N , Moores L , Bates J , Hinsby K 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCritical incident debriefs are a commonly used occupational health tool for supporting staff after traumatic work incidents. However, there is a dearth of literature evaluating training programmes for debrief facilitators.AimsTo evaluate a 5-day training programme to equip healthcare, social care and voluntary, community and social enterprise sector staff to act as post-incident peer supporters and debrief facilitators.MethodsA mixed-methods, single-arm, before-and-after study. Data were collected at baseline and post-training. The quantitative outcome measure was ‘Confidence’; the sum of two items measuring confidence in (i) supporting peers after critical incidents and (ii) facilitating post-incident structured team discussions. At post-training, quantitative and qualitative feedback regarding experiences and perceptions of the training was also gathered.ResultsWe recruited 45 participants between October 2021 and January 2022. Confidence in supporting peers following incidents and facilitating post-incident structured team discussions increased significantly following the training, t(35) = −6.77, P &lt; 0.001. A majority of participants reported they would do things differently because of the training and that they found the training relevant, useful and engaging. Summative content analysis of qualitative feedback indicated that participants (i) believed the role plays were an important learning tool and (ii) thought it was important that the trainer was engaging. Some participants would have preferred in-person delivery.ConclusionsParticipants valued training in post-incident peer support and debriefing skills. Organizations implementing post-incident support pathways could usefully include this training and ensure optimal uptake and engagement by (i) providing in-person and online delivery options and (ii) including role play as a learning technique.
Who Should We Be Online?
Authors: Frost-Arnold Karen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From social media to search engines to Wikipedia, the internet is thoroughly embedded in how we produce, locate, and share knowledge around the world. Who Should We Be Online? provides an account of online knowledge that takes seriously the role of sexist, racist, transphobic, colonial, and capitalist forms of oppression. Frost-Arnold argues against analyzing internet users as a collection of identical generic people with smartphones. The novel epistemology developed in this book recognizes that we are differently embodied beings interacting within systems of dominance. Our social identities and global inequalities shape who we are, who we can be online, and what we know. Tackling problems of online content moderation, fake news, and hoaxes, Frost-Arnold shows that oppressive online structures and practices help fuel ignorance. But she also reveals how the internet provides opportunities for marginalized people and activists to share knowledge online. Drawing on feminist accounts of objectivity, veritistic social epistemology, epistemologies of ignorance, virtue epistemology, and the epistemic injustice literature, this book argues for a social epistemology that values truth and objectivity, while recognizing that inequalities shape our collective ability to attain these goals. Timely and interdisciplinary, Who Should We Be Online? weaves together internet studies scholarship from across the humanities, social sciences, and computer science. Presenting case studies of moderators, imposters, tricksters, fakers, and lurkers, this book both explains the problems with our current internet ecosystem and imagines liberatory online futures.
Knowledge and Legal Proof
Authors: Moss Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Existing discussions of legal proof address a host of apparently disparate questions: What does it take to prove a fact beyond a reasonable doubt? Why is the reasonable doubt standard notoriously elusive, sometimes considered by courts to be impossible to define? Can the standard of proof by a preponderance of the evidence be defined in terms of probability thresholds? Why is statistical evidence often insufficient to meet the burden of proof? This paper defends an account of proof that addresses each of these questions. Where existing theories take a piecemeal approach to these puzzles, my theory develops an insight that unifies them—namely, the thesis that legal proof requires knowledge. Although this thesis may seem radical at first, I answer several common objections to it, and I argue that it does better than several competing accounts when it comes to making sense of our intuitions about what legal proof requires.
Vaccines and the Covid-19 pandemic: lessons from failure and success
Authors: Kominers Scott Duke , Tabarrok Alex 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe losses from the global Covid-19 pandemic have been staggering—trillions in economic costs, on top of significant losses of life, health, and well-being. The world made significant and successful investments in vaccines to mitigate the pandemic, yet there were missed opportunities, as well. We review what has been learnt about the value of vaccines, the speed at which vaccines can be developed, and the optimal and ethical approaches to vaccine distribution, as well as other issues related to pandemic and emergency preparedness. Surprisingly, spending on vaccines remains far below that which would be justified by the social return. We remain poorly prepared for future pandemics and other emergencies.
Expanding capacity for vaccines against Covid-19 and future pandemics: a review of economic issues
Authors: Athey Susan , Castillo Juan Camilo , Chaudhuri Esha , Kremer Michael , Simoes Gomes Alexandre , Snyder Christopher M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe review economic arguments for using public policy to accelerate vaccine supply during a pandemic. Rapidly vaccinating a large share of the global population helps avoid economic, mortality, and social losses, which in the case of Covid-19 mounted into trillions of dollars. However, pharmaceutical firms are unlikely to have private incentives to invest in vaccine capacity at the socially optimal scale and speed. The socially optimal level of public spending may cause some sticker shock but—as epitomized by the tagline ‘spending billions to save trillions’—is eclipsed by the benefits and can be restrained with the help of careful policy design and advance preparations. Capacity is so valuable during a pandemic that fractional dosing and other measures to stretch available capacity should be explored.
Hospital size, remoteness and stroke outcome
Authors: Harbison J , Collins R , McCormack Joan , Brych O , Fallon C , Cassidy T 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Introduction
Previous studies have shown an association between number of stroke admissions and outcomes. Small hospitals often support more remote areas and we studied national data to determine if an association exists between hospital remoteness and stroke care.

Methods
Data from the Irish National Audit of Stroke (INAS) on average stroke admissions, adjusted mortality for ischaemic stroke, thrombolysis rate and proportion with door to needle (DTN) ≤45 min were analysed. Hospital remoteness was quantified by distance to the next hospital, nearest neurointerventional centre and location within 10 km of the national motorway network.

Results
Data for 23 of 24 stroke services were evaluated. Median number of strokes admitted per year was 186 (range 84–497). Nine hospitals (39%) admitted ≥200 stroke patients per year (mean 332). Average adjusted mortality (7.0 vs. 7.3, P = 0.67 t-test), mean thrombolysis rate (12.1% vs. 9.2%, P = 0.09) and mean proportion of patients treated ≤45 min (40.4% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.2) did not differ significantly between higher and lower volume hospitals.
Hospitals close to the motorway network (n = 15) had a higher mean thrombolysis rate (11.9% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.01 t-test) and proportion DTN ≤45 min (43.7–18.4%, P &lt; 0.001).
Number of stroke admissions did not correlate with mortality (r = 0.06, P = 0.78), DTN (r = 0.12, P = 0.95) or thrombolysis rate (r = 0.35, P = 0.20). Distance to next hospital correlated strongly negatively with DTN (r = −0.47, P = 0.02) and thrombolysis rate (−0.43, P = 0.04).

Conclusion
Remoteness of hospitals is associated with worse measures of stroke outcome and management.
Cholera, Quarantines and Social Modernisation at the Danube Border of the Ottoman Empire: The Romanian Experience between 1830 and 1859
Authors: Trăușan-Matu Lidia , Buda Octavian 
Published: December 2022

Summary
This study focuses on the history of the quarantine system established at the naval border of the Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) between 1830 and 1859. We survey both the state’s ability to organise defences against contagious diseases and the society’s reaction to strict quarantine rules. In the end, we show that the Danube quarantine was not only a means of combating contagious diseases but also an instrument of pressure, surveillance and state regulation. To reconstruct an image of that period, we used information from five categories of sources: archive documents, health legislation, the press of the time, memoirs and diplomatic reports. By bringing the Romanian quarantine experience to the foreground, this study broadens both the perspective on quarantines and modernisation in the Romanian Principalities and also the knowledge regarding the free movement, politics and economy at the Danube border of the Ottoman Empire.