bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and risk factors for perceived voice disorders in public school teachers
Authors: Feng Shuxiu , Weng Chingfeng , Cai Shaofang , Yang Zijiang , Wu Meina , Kang Ning 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors in public kindergarten and elementary school teachers in the Jimei district in Xiamen. We took particular interest in the relationship between work‐related factors and voice disorders.Study DesignA cross‐sectional investigation; a General Investigation.MethodsThis study was conducted from September 14 to 18, 2020 at public kindergarten and elementary schools in Xiamen, China. A total of 3140 teachers were separated into a perceived voice disorder group (PVD) and no perceived voice disorder group (NPVD) according to the Voice Handicap Index. The chi‐square test was applied to explore the differences between the PVD and NPVD groups. The univariate logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors in terms of unadjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Stepwise logistic regression was then used to ascertain independent determinants.ResultsWe found that the prevalence of PVD was 47.52%. The results showed that risk factors of PVD included being female (OR = 1.574), middle‐rank technical title and higher (OR = 2.199), continuous lecturing for more than 3 classes (OR = 3.034), lectured more than 10 classes a week (OR = 1.436) and taught art or physical education (OR = 1.742).ConclusionsTeachers' work‐related characteristics were associated with PVD. This proves that a preventive voice care program for teachers, administered by the school or education bureau, is urgent. This could include components such as the reasonable arrangement of timetables and recruitment of a sufficient number of kindergarten and elementary school teachers.Level of evidence: Case‐series
FUELING LEADERS TO LEAD: FIVE WAYS TO REFILL AT THE FILLING STATION
Authors: McNeal Delatorro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe author writes about the strong motivation that can come for leaders if they slow down, reassess where they are going and how they plan on getting there, and taking care of their physical and mental health. He uses the metaphor of The Filling Station to refill rather than to stubbornly keep pushing, which can lead to burnout. In his words, there are five key areas revolving around these thoughts: Fill up on your ability to Shift! Fill up on your need to live! Fill up on your ability to repurpose! Fill up on your right to eliminate! Fill up on your attitude of gratitude! Within point 3 he offers that “Leaders will find purpose in everything, even if the purpose is merely a lesson.” Leaders should not try to tough it out, or proceed when they are metaphorically running on empty. The author states that “You are not obligated to pretend that you are ok when you are not. You owe it to yourself to get refilled. Creation is waiting for you and there are people who need to know that it’s ok to take care of yourself. This does not make you weak; it makes you strong, necessary, and unstoppable.”
Insights into the Sustainable Development of Lignin‐Based Textiles for Functional Applications
Authors: Raman Akhila , Sankar Avani , S. D. Abhirami , Anilkumar Abhirami , Saritha Appukuttan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe modification of textiles by the incorporation of nanofillers to incorporate multifunctional properties is emerging as an active area of research. The use of lignin, a biowaste material in textiles to create properties like UV blocking, flame retardancy, antimicrobial properties, etc. paves the way toward creating sustainable textiles with an additional advantage of utilizing a biowaste into a value‐added product. The futuristic tailoring of lignin chemistry through functionalization is an entrancing field of research. It incorporates the inherent properties of lignin with the extraneous characteristics of attached matrix polymers. Such modifications aid to enhance the miscibility of lignin with various polymeric matrices, which help to magnify the capabilities of lignin/polymer composites. The review throws light on how lignin can be explored to tailor the properties of textiles in an effective manner. The UV blocking efficiency, flame retardancy as well as antimicrobial properties imparted to textiles by the presence of lignin are discussed in detail. An outlook on the durability and comfort of lignin incorporated textiles is also discussed. An effort is also taken to compare lignin with other commonly used fillers in textile materials. All the available data on lignin‐based textiles are consolidated in a comprehensive manner in this review.
Mass spectrometry‐based “omics” technologies for the study of gestational diabetes and the discovery of new biomarkers
Authors: Roverso Marco , Dogra Raghav , Visentin Silvia , Pettenuzzo Silvia , Cappellin Luca , Pastore Paolo , Bogialli Sara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes (GDM) is one of the most common complications occurring during pregnancy. Diagnosis is performed by oral glucose tolerance test, but harmonized testing methods and thresholds are still lacking worldwide. Short‐term and long‐term effects include obesity, type 2 diabetes, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The identification and validation of sensitidve, selective, and robust biomarkers for early diagnosis during the first trimester of pregnancy are required, as well as for the prediction of possible adverse outcomes after birth. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based omics technologies are nowadays the method of choice to characterize various pathologies at a molecular level. Proteomics and metabolomics of GDM were widely investigated in the last 10 years, and various proteins and metabolites were proposed as possible biomarkers. Metallomics of GDM was also reported, but studies are limited in number. The present review focuses on the description of the different analytical methods and MS‐based instrumental platforms applied to GDM‐related omics studies. Preparation procedures for various biological specimens are described and results are briefly summarized. Generally, only preliminary findings are reported by current studies and further efforts are required to determine definitive GDM biomarkers.
Molecular and neurological features of MELAS syndrome in paediatric patients: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Seed Lydia M. , Dean Andrew , Krishnakumar Deepa , Phyu Poe , Horvath Rita , Harijan Pooja Devi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is one of the most well‐known mitochondrial diseases, with most cases attributed to m.3243A>G. MELAS syndrome patients typically present in the first two decades of life with a broad, multi‐systemic phenotype that predominantly features neurological manifestations––stroke‐like episodes. However, marked phenotypic variability has been observed among paediatric patients, creating a clinical challenge and delaying diagnoses.MethodsA literature review of paediatric MELAS syndrome patients and a retrospective analysis in a UK tertiary paediatric neurology centre were performed.ResultsThree children were included in this case series. All patients presented with seizures and had MRI changes not confined to a single vascular territory. Blood heteroplasmy varied considerably, and one patient required a muscle biopsy. Based on a literature review of 114 patients, the mean age of presentation is 8.1 years and seizures are the most prevalent manifestation of stroke‐like episodes. Heteroplasmy is higher in a tissue other than blood in most cases.ConclusionThe threshold for investigating MELAS syndrome in children with suspicious neurological symptoms should be low. If blood m.3243A>G analysis is negative, yet clinical suspicion remains high, invasive testing or further interrogation of the mitochondrial genome should be considered.
Plum Prevents Intestinal and Hepatic Inflammation in the Acute and Chronic Models of Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Mouse Colitis
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jin , Eom Jung‐Young , Choi Sang‐Hun , Seo Hyun‐Ju , Kwun In‐Sook , Chun Ik‐Jo , Sung Jeehye , Lim Jae‐Hwan , Kim Jihoon , Song Byoung‐Joon , Lee Chan‐Hyeong , Kim Do‐Kyun , Baek Moon‐Chang , Cho Young‐Eun 
Published: April 2022

ScopeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the digestive tract and increases the risk of colon cancer.Method and ResultsThis study evaluates the effects of dietary intervention with freeze‐dried plum (FDP), a natural antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory fruit with no toxicity on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in a mouse model and studies the molecular mechanisms of protection through the gut–liver axis. The results show that FDP decreases the levels of inflammatory mediators, which is a nitrative stress biomarker in both acute and chronic models. FDP markedly reduces DSS‐induced injury to the colonic epithelium in both acute and chronic models. In addition, FDP significantly decreases the levels of pro‐oxidant markers such as CYP2E1, iNOS, and nitrated proteins (detected by anti‐3‐NT antibody) in DSS‐induced acute and chronic colonic injury models. Furthermore, FDP markedly reduces markers of liver injury such as serum ALT/AST, antioxidant markers, and inflammatory mediators in DSS‐induced acute and chronic colonic injury.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the FDP exhibits a protective effect on DSS‐induced acute and chronic colonic and liver injury through the gut–liver axis via antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.
Cannabinoids in rheumatology: Friend, foe or a bystander?
Authors: Jain Nibha , Moorthy Arumugam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesCannabinoids have gained popularity recently with special emphasis on their use for chronic pain. Although NICE guidelines advise against their usage for management of chronic pain, almost all rheumatologists encounter a few patients in their daily practice who either use them or are curious about them.

We reviewed the mechanism of action of cannabinoids, current knowledge about their role in rheumatology and potential drug interactions with common drugs used in Rheumatology.

We attempted to answer the question “If cannabinoids are friend, foe or just a mere bystander?”

MethodsWe adhered to a search strategy for writing narrative reviews as per available guidelines. We searched PubMed with the search terms “Cannabinoids”, “Rheumatology” and “Chronic pain” for published articles and retrieved 613 articles. The abstracts and titles of these articles were screened to identify relevant studies focusing on mechanism of actions, adverse effects and drug interactions. We also availed the services of a musculoskeletal librarian.ResultsDespite the NHS guidelines against the usage of cannabinoids and associated significant stigma, cannabinoids are increasingly used for the management of pain in rheumatology without prescription. Cannabinoids act through two major receptors CB1 and CB2, which are important modulators of the stress response with potential analgesic effects. Their role in various rheumatological diseases including Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Fibromyalgia have been explored with some benefits. However, in addition to the adverse effects, cannabinoids also have some potential interactions with common drugs used in rheumatology, which many users are unaware of.ConclusionWhile the current studies and patient reported outcomes suggest cannabinoids to be a “friend” of rheumatology, their adverse events and drug interactions prove to be a “Foe”. We were unable to arrive at a definite answer for our question posed, however on the balance of probabilities we can conclude cannabinoids to be a “foe”. Under these circumstances, a disease and drug focussed research is need of the hour to answer the unresolved question.
Body composition and myokines in a cohort of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Barp Andrea , Carraro Elena , Goggi Giovanni , Lizio Andrea , Zanolini Alice , Messina Carmelo , Perego Silvia , Verdelli Chiara , Lombardi Giovanni , Sansone Valeria Ada , Corbetta Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsBecker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X‐linked disease leading to muscle wasting and weakness. The decrease in lean body mass (LBM) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, has shown correlation with loss of muscle function and bone density (BD). Myokines (including irisin) are hormones secreted by skeletal muscle that allow crosstalk between muscle and bone. The present study analyzed body composition and circulating myokine levels in a cohort of BMD patients; moreover, the association between dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters, functional motor assessments, and myokine levels was investigated.MethodsAll patients underwent DXA, blood samples for myokine assays, and functional motor assessments. A group of healthy controls (HCs) was also included.ResultsThirty BMD patients, median age at evaluation 36.0 y [26.0–41.0], were included. Twenty‐nine patients underwent whole‐body DXA. Median value of total body Z‐score was −0.70. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) < 7.59 kg/m2 was 83%. Irisin levels were significantly lower in BMD compared to HCs (p = .03). All DXA parameters showed significant correlation with the functional motor assessments, in particular the h2‐standardized lean mass lower limb index (p = .0006); h2‐standardized total fat mass showed negative correlations with North Star Ambulatory Assessment and 6 min walk test (p = .03).DiscussionDXA is a useful tool to evaluate body composition in BMD patients; the decrease in BD and LBM is associated with a reduction of motor function in BMD.
Influence of consolidating process on the properties of composites from thermosetting carbon fiber reinforced tapes
Authors: Stadler Hannes , Kiss Peter , Stadlbauer Wolfgang , Plank Bernhard , Burgstaller Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced tapes are a feasible option to tailor material properties of composite structures and to reduce waste due to cut‐offs. But composite properties are not only influenced by the selected material, but also via the applied curing process. The aim of this experimental investigation is a comparison of the mechanical properties of thermosetting carbon fiber reinforced tapes, which are cured in different curing processes. In the composites industry the autoclave curing process is considered to be the highest quality process for handling preimpregnated semifinished‐products, so called prepregs. Alongside the autoclave process there are several alternative routes, named “out‐of‐autoclave”–processes, which can also be chosen for prepreg curing. One option is prepreg hot‐pressing, a process which is intended for large part quantities and easy process control. The development of fast curing thermosetting resin systems with the possibility of complete curing in the range of minutes introduced snap‐cure prepregs, recommended to be used solely in hot presses. For this reason this type of prepreg, in form of unidirectional tapes, was used for the following experiments. Two additional curing processes were investigated for process‐comparison, namely oven‐curing and in‐situ consolidation. The placement of the prepreg tapes for the laminate build‐up was done by an automated fiber placement unit followed by the curing processes as mentioned before. During the characterization of the material properties the general accepted statement of the excellent autoclave laminate quality could be confirmed. Strengths of around 930 MPa and even above were achieved with three‐point coupon bending tests for laminates cured in the autoclave. The fiber volume fraction was slightly above 58% and the laminate porosity was 0.5%. In comparison oven cured and hot pressed laminates strength values were lower at around 675–775 MPa. Hot pressed laminate porosity content was about 1.3% and the fiber volume fraction of these laminates was 52%. Oven cured laminates showed a higher porosity content above 4% and a fiber volume fraction of 51%. The new approach for prepreg curing, the in‐situ consolidation process provided fairly good results which were comparable to those of the oven cured laminates. In this process the unidirectional prepreg tape is directly cured at the surface of a heatable table during automated fiber placement without subsequent curing under a vacuum bag. The positive testing outcome of in‐situ consolidated laminates shows a big potential for future research and development of this process.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the mechanical and electrical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/waterborne polyurethane coated 3D printing carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Li Lijun , Liu Wenyao , Hu Tao , Sun Lingyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanical–electrical properties and failure behavior of 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced composites with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) conductive coating were studied to develop a performance monitoring method for composites. The results indicated that the coating materials could obtain good mechanical–electrical properties and sensitivity factor. Scanning electron microscopy images show that multiple conductive channels exist in the coating. The coating is well bonded to the composites. In order to obtain more details, mechanical–electrical coupling simulation was conducted. The experiment and simulation are in good agreement. The correlation between the strain of composite part and the electrical resistance change rate of the coating is validated. Furthermore, the multi‐scale observations reveal the failure mechanism including composite‐coating debonding, brittle fracture of polyamide matrix, fiber breakage, and pull‐out in the composite part, as well as ductile fracture of WPU matrix and MWCNT pull‐out in the coating part. This study can provide some insights for structural health monitoring of composites.
Information is power: The experiences, attitudes and needs of individuals who chose to have prenatal genomic sequencing for fetal anomalies
Authors: Kernie Catherine G. , Wynn Julia , Rosenbaum Allison , de Voest Jessica , Galloway Stephanie , Giordano Jessica , Stover Samantha , Westerfield Lauren , Gilmore Kelly , Wapner Ronald J. , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. , Vora Neeta L. , Clifton Rebecca G. , Caughey Aaron B. , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to evaluate the experiences of individuals who chose to participate in a study and receive prenatal genomic sequencing (pGS) for fetuses with congenital structural anomalies.MethodIndividuals who received research results of prenatal sequencing were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews about their experiences. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to code and analyze interviews.ResultsThirty‐three participants from 27 pregnancies were interviewed. Participants were motivated to enroll in the study to find out more about their fetus' condition and prepare for the future. The waiting period was a time of significant anxiety for participants. Most participants felt relief and closure upon receiving results, regardless of the category of result, and had a clear understanding of the implications of the results.ConclusionParticipants' experiences with pGS were often intertwined with the experience of having a fetus with an abnormality. Participants were satisfied with the decision to participate in research and the support they received from the healthcare team, although waiting for results was associated with anxiety. The healthcare team plays an integral role in setting expectations and validating feelings of anxiety, fear and uncertainty.
Factors that impact on women's decision‐making around prenatal genomic tests: An international discrete choice survey
Authors: Buchanan James , Hill Melissa , Vass Caroline M. , Hammond Jennifer , Riedijk Sam , Klapwijk Jasmijn E. , Harding Eleanor , Lou Stina , Vogel Ida , Hui Lisa , Ingvoldstad‐Malmgren Charlotta , Soller Maria Johansson , Ormond Kelly E. , Choolani Mahesh , Zheng Qian , Chitty Lyn S. , Lewis Celine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a survey‐based discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) to understand the test features that drive women's preferences for prenatal genomic testing, and explore variation across countries.MethodsFive test attributes were identified as being important for decision‐making through a literature review, qualitative interviews and quantitative scoring exercise. Twelve scenarios were constructed in which respondents choose between two invasive tests or no test. Women from eight countries who delivered a baby in the previous 24 months completed a DCE presenting these scenarios. Choices were modeled using conditional logit regression analysis.ResultsSurveys from 1239 women (Australia: n = 178; China: n = 179; Denmark: n = 88; Netherlands: n = 177; Singapore: n = 90; Sweden: n = 178; UK: n = 174; USA: n = 175) were analyzed. The key attribute affecting preferences was a test with the highest diagnostic yield (p < 0.01). Women preferred tests with short turnaround times (p < 0.01), and tests reporting variants of uncertain significance (VUS; p < 0.01) and secondary findings (SFs; p < 0.01). Several country‐specific differences were identified, including time to get a result, who explains the result, and the return of VUS and SFs.ConclusionMost women want maximum information from prenatal genomic tests, but our findings highlight country‐based differences. Global consensus on how to return uncertain results is not necessarily realistic or desirable.
Greek teachers' resilience levels during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown and its association with attitudes towards emergency remote teaching and perceived stress
Authors: Papazis Filippos , Avramidis Elias , Bacopoulou Flora 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mandatory closure of schools due to the Covid‐19 pandemic affected the mental health, and, by extension, the personal and professional life of teachers. This study explored their level of resilience during the pandemic and its association with attitudes towards emergency remote teaching and perceived stress. Data were collected through the administration of three self‐report instruments: (a) the “Teachers' Professional Attitudes and Behaviors Scale”, (b) the “Teachers' Resilience Scale”, and (c) the “Perceived Stress Scale”. The sample consisted of 1415 general teachers from central Greece. Teachers were found to possess neutral attitudes towards emergency remote teaching, moderate levels of resilience, and experienced slightly increased levels of stress. The examined constructs were largely influenced by some of the teachers' demographic and professional characteristics. Teachers' perceptions of resilience predicted their attitudes to emergency remote teaching and stress levels during the pandemic. The study has reaffirmed the importance of holding sufficient levels of resilience to cope with adverse circumstances and has offered clear directions about which groups of teachers are in most need for counselling and professional support so that their resilience is strengthened.