bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy and knowledge in pediatrics among family medicine physicians in Armenia: A survey study
Authors: Markosian Christopher , Baghdassarian Aline , Best Al M. , Ghazaryan Hrachuhi , Antonyan Lusine , Libaridian Lorky 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Armenia has trained physicians to practice family medicine (FM) for over 20 years. The pediatric population comprises a significant proportion of patients seen by FM practices, yet to date, there have been no studies assessing the knowledge and self-efficacy of FM physicians regarding pediatric care. As the first step is needs assessment to improve the quality of care, this study aims to assess the self-efficacy and knowledge of FM physicians regarding the care of pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:
We distributed a survey to attendees at an FM conference in Lori Province, Armenia. The survey instrument assessed demographics and experience, self-efficacy in providing pediatric care, and pediatric knowledge via questions adapted from the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM).

Results:
Eighty-seven percent of participants were female. Roughly half (45%) had trained through an FM residency program, while the remainder had retrained to become FM physicians following a residency in another field. Almost all (97%) practiced outside of the capital city, Yerevan. About half believed that their didactic (51%) and clinical education (48%) prepared them either “extremely” or “very” well. Overall, there was no clear relationship between participants’ reported self-efficacy in a given area of pediatrics and their score in that area on the knowledge portion of the survey.

Conclusions:
Our findings reveal opportunities for improvement in knowledge related to pediatric care in FM physicians in Armenia, as well as a lack of relationship between reported self-efficacy and knowledge. Thus, future programs should not rely solely on self-reported gaps to identify or prioritize areas of focus. Further study is recommended in other specialties in Armenia and internationally to improve future programs.
Predictors of adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications among Hypertensive (15-49 years) in India: A secondary data analysis of National Family Health Survey 4
Authors: Singh Mitasha , Yadav Kartikey , Goswami Shweta , Parashar Mamta , Gupta Ekta , Verma Madhur , Goel Sonu , Malhotra Sumit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Adherence to medications is one of the key determinants of therapeutic control of high blood pressure and is seen as a bottleneck in our fight against hypertension control. We have little scientific evidence from India that highlights the determinants of treatment adherence.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to identify the predictor adherence to the currently prescribed antihypertensive medications.

Material and Methods:
We did a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey, 2015-2016 datasets. As there were no direct variables to measure adherence, this was derived from the responses to the survey question: “currently taking a prescribed hypertensive medication to lower Blood Pressure” among those already diagnosed as hypertensives by the physician. The other sociodemographic and household-level variables were used as independent variables for analysis.

Results:
The level of awareness about their hypertensive status among the 15–49-year-olds who were subjected to blood pressure measurement was 9.34% (70,267/80,3081). Of these, 70,267 participants, 65878 with valid hypertensive individual data were included in the final analysis. Among them, 26.78% are currently adhering to antihypertensive medication. Female gender (adj OR; 95% CI: 1.17 [1.09–1.24]) and non-reserved caste ([OR] 1.24; 95% [CI]: 1.18–1.32) depicted better adherence to the current treatment. The hypertensives who preferred taking treatment from shops or at home or some other place in comparison to health facilities had a significant association with adherence (adj OR: 1.64; 95% CI: [1.43–1.88]).

Conclusion:
The current study reported low adherence to the current antihypertensive medication. Gender, higher age group, obesity, and place of taking the treatment were strongly associated with adherence to treatment.
Intraosseous Hemangioma with unusual presentation
Authors: Dash Monalisa , Pathi Jugajyoti , Singh Dhirendra K. , Sangamesh NC 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intrabony vascular lesions are extremely rare conditions. The lesions include 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous tumors. Females are more predilected than males with a female: male ratio of 2:1, usually affecting the second decade of life. Most common sites of occurrence of these lesions are in the vertebral column and skull, jaws are the rare location with the mandible being the quite rare location. The origin of hemangiomas is still doubtful. Many of the authors believe it as hamartoma but as per World Health Organization, it as a true benign neoplasm of vascular origin. The clinical presentation of hemangiomas is variable with atypical radiographic presentations. Due to the varied presentations of this lesion, the diagnosis becomes very difficult. But diagnosing central hemangiomas early is essential for preventing uncontrollable hemorrhage and even death during any surgical intervention.
We present a case of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma which presented as periapical radiolucency with specks of calcification, quiet a rare presentation. The case was managed by embolization followed by surgical resection of the body of the mandible.
Investigating the leading reasons for primary health care encounters and its implications for health care in Trinidad and Tobago. A systematic review
Authors: Khan Raveed , Khan Adam , Mohammed Ishmail , Dan Farhaana , Cooper Valtio , Charles Sherise , Charles Nkese , Clarke Whitney , Clarke Jeniece , Creary Devonia , Chankersingh Ashley 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This systematic review aims at offering a comparative analysis of the leading reasons for encounters (RFEs) of patients presenting to primary care facilities. A systemic search was carried out using MEDLINE/PUBMED, CINAHL, Google Scholar, LILACS, and PROQUEST to identify the studies relevant to RFEs in primary health care in June 2020. Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria which included originality, published between 2015 and 2020, listed two to five RFEs at a primary health care facility, and included patients with acute and/or chronic conditions. The mean total RFEs recorded were 6753.07 (Standard deviation = 17446.38, 95% Confidence Interval 6,753.0667 ± 8,829.088 [± 130.74%]). The most common RFE chapters recorded were Respiratory and Digestive chapters. The patients recorded fever as the most frequently reported RFE while cough was ranked as most common. The physicians reported hypertension as the most frequently reported and most common RFE. The most frequently physician and patient reported RFEs to the primary health care are hypertension and fever. Respiratory and Digestive were the most frequently reported chapters. The findings are useful for the proper implementation of services, facilities, and equipment utilized in Trinidad and Tobago primary health care.
Burden of diabetic foot syndrome in rural community: Need for screening and health promotion
Authors: James Joel J. , Vargese Saritha S. , Raju Aarya S. , Johny Vinny , Kuriakose Allen , Mathew Elsheba 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context:
Living with diabetes can be difficult since it can affect the patient in many ways. Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is described as a group of symptoms where neuropathy reduced blood supply and infection leads to tissue breakdown and morbidity.

Aim:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of DFS and associated sociodemographic and treatment-related factors among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural community.

Setting and Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an area under the rural health training centre of department of Community Medicine.

Methods and Material:
The study was conducted to determine DFS by measuring neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease using Michigan neuropathy screening instrument, and clinical examination.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 25.

Results:
The prevalence of DFS among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus was high (51.7%). DFS was associated with advanced age (>75 years), duration of diabetes for more than 5 years and with foot ulcer. Smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with DFS.

Conclusion:
Half of those with diabetes had DFS. People with DFS were more likely to be older and living with diabetes for longer duration. This underscores the need for early identification of DFS by the primary care physicians. Further research on the role of health professionals at the primary care level in educating and screening DFS in people with diabetes are required.
Effect of rhinoplasty on changing body images in candidates for surgery
Authors: Radman Masoud , Pourhoseinali Leili 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
According to statistics, the number of rhinoplasty applicants is increasing. Rhinoplasty is performed to improve the nose shape fit into the face.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of rhinoplasty on changing body images in rhinoplasty candidates.

Methods:
The statistical population of the present prospective study, including those referring to the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) with complaints of dissatisfaction with the appearance of the nose and demand for rhinoplasty, completed Body Image Concern (BIC) Inventory and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before and 6 months after surgery at the clinic. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 16 using Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests at a significance level of 0.05.

Results:
In total, 95 subjects were examined, of which 85 (89.5%) were women and 57 (60%) were single. There was no difference in the mean scores of BIC and Y-BOCS between women and men as well as between single and married subjects (p < 0.05). The Wilcoxon test results showed that the mean score of post-operative Y-BOCS was significantly increased in the rhinoplasty subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of post-operative BIC was significantly decreased in the rhinoplasty subjects (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The results of this study demonstrated that the rhinoplasty could improve the body image status and increase the obsessive thoughts and actions in an individual. Therefore, psychological primary care for avoiding pointless surgical plan and pre-operative psychological counselling, is suggested to examine the individual’s psychological status and to assess the individual’s expectations of surgery along with the necessary explanations.
Quality of life among caregivers of epileptic children with degree of controlling seizures in Aseer region
Authors: Asiri Ashwag , Mohammad Asiri , Otaif Mansour , Amer Khaled Abdulwahab , Aldosari Abdulrahman Ali , Al-Maalwi Razan Saeed , Al-Muhsin Sereen Dhafer , Amer Arwa Abdulwahab 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Epilepsy affects nearly 50 million people worldwide. Epilepsy can affect the quality of life of both the child and the caregiver leaving them unable to function in other areas of life. This quality of life is highly dependent on treatment adherence and how individuals feel about taking their medication. In our study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of medication adherence and the quality of life of caregivers of children with epilepsy. For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at the Abha Maternity and Children’s Hospital. We enrolled 133 consecutive participants and asked them to complete a questionnaire. The results showed that 37.6% of the participants forgot to take their medications, 9.8% of the participants reported that they were sometimes careless about giving their children medications and sometimes stopped giving them when the children were feeling better, 15.8% of the participants indicated that they sometimes stopped giving the medication when they felt that their children were getting worse when they took the medication., and 26.3% of the participants agreed that they only administered the medication when the children were sick. It was also found that the quality of life of the caregivers decreased when they forgot to give their children the medication and the quality of life of the caregivers increased when they continued to take the medication. In conclusion, quality of life increases as adherence to treatment increases, indicating that more intervention programs are needed to improve the adherence of epilepsy patients.
Multi-sectoral implementation interface framework (MIIF) to achieve the objective of tobacco-free Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Supehia Sakshi , Raina Sunil Kumar , Bajwa Harshvardhan Singh , Sharma Aishwarya , Kumar Dinesh , Chauhan Raman , Sharma Shailja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The limitations observed in achieving the goal of a tobacco-free Himachal Pradesh have necessitated the need to contextualize the existing policy directives in tobacco reduction. Our observation has been that despite having clearly defined policy guidelines and laws, the implementation may not have followed suit. An analysis of the gaps observed had led us to develop an implementation interface framework involving stakeholders from multiple sectors.
Global perspectives on trends in health higher education
Authors: Abbasi Abianeh Nooshin , Yazdani Shahram , Heydari Majid , Farmad Somaieh Akbari 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Today, changes in political and economic conditions, epidemiological and sociological developments, and the advancement of science and technology have necessitated the health and medical education systems to change. Therefore, we conducted a study entitled “Global perspectives on trends in higher education in healthcare,” to improve the quality of healthcare so that it can be used as a model for predicting future events related to medical education. This futures study applied the social, technological, economical, ecological, political, values (STEEPV) model to identify and analyze the trends that affect medical education at different levels. To collect and analyze the data, a scoping review of the articles published from the year 2000 was conducted on the World Health Organization (WHO), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. The review process was performed in five stages: 1- Determining the research question, 2- Identifying relevant studies, 3- Selecting the studies, 4- Charting the data, and 5- Analyzing data. The preferred reporting item for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in the selection and screening of articles. A total of 213 articles were included in the study for qualitative synthesis. A total of 154 trends were identified using the STEEPV model at seven levels of health behaviors and patients, diseases and health problems, healthcare system, medical education system, medical education institutions, medical curricula, and teaching and learning. Considering the results of this study, it is possible to formulate proper and efficient future scenarios for the higher health education system. Also, it will be helpful for medical education policymaking.
SPARSH electronic sub-health centers (e-SHCs) – A model of nurse-run SHCs supported by general practitioners through telemedicine
Authors: Roy Kallol , Dutt Bhavin , Patel Jeet M. , Raithatha Shyamsundar J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
The primary health care services in India suffer from inconsistent availability of providers, lack of quality, poor availability of medicines and diagnostics, and a poorly functioning referral linkage. A multi-pronged approach is required to address these issues.

Methods:
We describe here a model of electronic sub-health centers (e-SHCs) managed by trained nurses supported by a general practitioner over telemedicine. The e-SHCs are expected to meet two objectives – 1) to create a point of comprehensive primary health care delivery at an affordable cost and 2) to create a referral support system backed by information technology and physical movement.

Results:
The model is described in nine sections – service delivery framework, human resources, diagnostics, infrastructure, quality improvement, health management information system, materials management, financing, and branding. It is a video-based real-time (synchronous) health worker to the registered medical practitioner telemedicine facility. The model has been compared with five other telemedicine and five other tele-rehabilitation models.

Conclusion:
Although there are inherent challenges to operationalize this model, it also presents a unique opportunity of testing an innovative approach of providing quality primary health care at an affordable cost. The process will generate learnings for addressing the primary care health care delivery gaps in the country.
Effect on essential health services during COVID-19 at the Primary level in India
Authors: Ahmed Tarannum , Dumka Neha , Bhagat Deepak , Hannah Erin , Kotwal Atul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Coronavirus diesease (COVID-19) led to increased demand on the Indian health system due to the pandemic as well as other communicable and non-communicable diseases. Guidance was thus issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India, in April 2020 to maintain the delivery of essential health services.Objectives:To determine the extent of disruptions of essential healthcare services, identify associated factors, and establish pertinent correlations to address specific needs.Methods:The Mother and child tracking facilitation centre (MCTFC) conducted a telephonic survey with the front-line workers (FLWs) and beneficiaries in 21 Indian states. The sample size was determined using the infinite population sample size formula, and respondents were selected through a computer-generated random sequence technique. Data were quantitatively analysed using STATA-16. Descriptive univariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test.Findings:The majority of the essential health services were being satisfactorily delivered by FLWs (N= 1596; accredited social health activist (ASHA) = 798, auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) = 798), where most of the beneficiaries (N= 1410; Pregnant Women = 708, Postnatal Women = 702) continued accessing services with minor issues concerning referral transport. FLWs reported issues in the provisioning of medicines(P= 0.000)for patients with non-communicable diseases and more ANMs than ASHAs reported it. FLWs commonly experienced challenges in extending services due to community resistance and unavailability of general health services at healthcare facilities, where a greater number of ASHAs faced it (P= 0.000). Both FLWs and beneficiaries (N= 3006; FLWs = 1596, beneficiaries = 1410) demonstrated appropriate COVID-19 knowledge and behavior.Conclusion:Although overwhelmed, the Indian health system performed satisfactorily well during pandemic in terms of essential health services.
Body-mass index COVID-19 severity: A systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Nagar Manoj , Geevarughese Nikku Mathew , Mishra Rakesh , Joshi Ankur , Galwankar Sagar , Yunus Md , Bhoi Sanjeev , Sinha Tej P. , Agrawal Amit 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
Conflicting studies have resulted in several systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the relationship between COVID-19 and body mass index (BMI).

Methods:
This systematic review of systematic reviews followed an umbrella review design, and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines; Medical literature analysis and retrieval system online (MEDLINE) and SCOPUS databases were searched for systematic reviews on the topic. A predefined screening and selection procedure was done for the retrieved results based on the population, intervention/interest, comparator, outcome, study (PICOS) framework.

Results:
The search strategy yielded 6334 citations. With the predefined selection and screening process, 23 systematic reviews were retrieved for inclusion in the present study. Twenty-three (n = 23) systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. As expected, there was overlap across the reviews in the included primary studies. Available evidence suggests that Class III obesity (morbid obesity) is strongly associated with increased mortality risk in patients with Covid-19. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about Class I and Class II obesity due to conflicting outcomes of metanalyses. Increased obesity was consistently associated with increased risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in all the reviews with low to moderate heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
Available evidence suggests that Class III obesity (morbid obesity) is strongly associated with increased mortality risk in patients with Covid-19. Increased BMI is positively associated with the risk of IMV and the severity of COVID- care.
Churg-Strauss syndrome: A case report
Authors: Mert Alpaslan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Churg-Strauss syndrome is a rare disease with systemic vasculitis and hypereosinophilia. It is accompanied by allergic rhinitis and asthma. Herein, we present a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome in a family medicine outpatient clinic. This report aimed to emphasize that if patients diagnosed with asthma have cough and/or hemoptysis that cannot be controlled despite interventions such as inhalation, corticosteroid therapy, montelukast treatment, and anti-histamine therapy, vasculitic diseases involving the lung may be considered.
Knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among the healthcare staff in a medical college hospital of India
Authors: Singh Jassimran , Agrawal Aditi , Kumari Sarita , Tomar Shubham , Karn Anukul , Singh Anup 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
With increasing numbers of people crossing the age threshold of 65 years, there is a strong likelihood that the cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases will increase manifold in the upcoming decades. It is essential for the healthcare professionals to have a reasonable background knowledge about this neurodegenerative condition. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge of AD among the healthcare staff appointed at a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey study was done in a tertiary care hospital with healthcare workers. The knowledge level of AD was investigated using Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) while a self-assessment scale was used by the participants to rate their own knowledge about the disease. The extent of background knowledge was then statistically evaluated on the basis of multiple subject-oriented factors. The impact of any prior dementia-specific training was also assessed. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-23 where P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Out of a total of 124 participants recruited during the study period, the average score on the ADKS scale was 19.2 ± 3.1. Self-rated Alzheimer’s scale depicted a mean value of 4.89 ± 1.7. The participants having a positive family history and personal/professional caring experience for AD did not obtain any remarkably better score. The doctors were more likely to score better than nurses and other healthcare staff (p < 0.001). Moreover, dementia-related training had a significantly better outcome in terms of promoting the knowledge base of AD (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
There is a below-par knowledge of Alzheimer’s dementia among the healthcare staff of the hospital. The staff of the hospital realizes this shortcoming, and there is a need for dementia-specific training to overcome this knowledge gap.