bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the hierarchical genetic structure of tea green leafhopper, Matsumurasca onukii, in East Asia based on SSRs and SNPs
Authors: Zhang Li , Dietrich Christopher H. , Xu Ye , Yang Zhaofu , Chen Maohua , Pham Thai H. , Le Cuong C. V. , Qiao Li , Matsumura Masaya , Qin Daozheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMatsumurasca onukii (Matsuda, R. (1952). Oyo‐Kontyu Tokyo, 8(1): 19–21), one of the dominant pests in major tea production areas in Asia, currently is known to occur in Japan, Vietnam, and China, and severely threatens tea production, quality, and international trade. To elucidate the population genetic structure of this species, 1633 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 18 microsatellite markers (SSRs) were used to genotype samples from 27 sites representing 18 geographical populations distributed throughout the known range of the species in East Asia. Analyses of both SNPs and SSRs showed that M. onukii populations in Yunnan exhibit high‐genetic differentiation and structure compared with the other populations. The Kagoshima (JJ) and Shizuoka (JS) populations from Japan were separated from populations from China by SNPs, but clustered with populations from Jinhua (JH), Yingde (YD), Guilin (GL), Fuzhou (FZ), Hainan (HQ), Leshan (CT), Chongqing (CY), and Zunyi (ZY) tea plantations in China and the Vietnamese Vinh Phuc (VN) population based on the SSR data. In contrast, CT, CY, ZY, and Shaanxi (SX) populations clustered together based on SNPs, but were separated by SSRs. Both marker datasets identified significant geographic differentiation among the 18 populations. Various environmental and anthropogenic factors, including geographical barriers to migration, human transport of hosts (Camellia sinesis [L.] O. Kuntze) and adaptation of M. onukii to various local climatic zones possibly account for the rapid spread of this pest in Asia. The results demonstrate that SNPs from high‐throughput genotyping data can be used to reveal subtle genetic substructure at broad scales in r‐strategist insects.
Phylogeny and taxonomy ofCinnamomum(Lauraceae)
Authors: Yang Zhi , Liu Bing , Yang Yong , Ferguson David K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTaxonomy ofCinnamomumSchaeff. of Lauraceae remains problematic because recent phylogenetic studies have suggested that this genus is not monophyletic. In this study, we assembled three sequence matrices including plastomes (datamatrix I), nrITS sequences alone (datamatrix II), and nrITS plus plastidpsbA‐trnH sequences (datamatrix III) of theCinnamomum‐Ocoteacomplex of Lauraceae and conducted a new phylogenetic study with thusfar the most extensive species sampling of theCinnamomum‐Ocoteagroup. We determined that the Old WorldCinnamomumis diphyletic: sect.CamphoraMeisn. is sister toSassafrasJ.Presl and sect.Cinnamomumis sister to the AfricanKuloaTrofimov & Rohwer. A recent study indicated that characters of leaf micromorphological anatomy can define the two clades: one possessing reticulate periclinal and the other having non‐reticulate periclinal walls. As result, we divided the genusCinnamomumof Lauraceae into two genera, i.e.,CinnamomumandCamphoraFabr. The generic nameCinnamomumis retained for those species mainly having reticulate periclinal epidermal cell walls, inconspicuous non‐perulate terminal buds and usually tripliveined leaves; the oldest generic name,Camphora, is applied to the second group which contains those species mainly possessing non‐reticulate periclinal epidermal cell walls, prominent perulate terminal buds and pinnately‐veined leaves. A census of the species and their type specimens listed underCinnamomumin Asia resulted in the transfer of 18 species toCamphora, including 15 new combinations.
A test for plasticity in sperm motility activation in response to osmotic environment in an anuran amphibian
Authors: Byrne Phillip G. , Anastas Zara M. , Silla Aimee J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvolutionary theory predicts that selection will favor phenotypic plasticity in sperm traits that maximize fertilization success in dynamic fertilization environments. In species with external fertilization, osmolality of the fertilization medium is known to play a critical role in activating sperm motility, but evidence for osmotic‐induced sperm plasticity is limited to euryhaline fish and marine invertebrates. Whether this capacity extends to freshwater taxa remains unknown. Here, we provide the first test for plasticity in sperm‐motility activation in response to osmotic environment in an anuran amphibian. Male common eastern froglets (Crinia signifera) were acclimated to either low (0 mOsmol kg−1) or high (50 mOsmol kg−1) environmental osmolality, and using a split‐sample experimental design, sperm were activated across a range of osmolality treatments (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 ± 2 mOsmol kg−1). Unexpectedly, there was no detectable shift in the optimal osmolality for sperm‐motility activation after approximately 13 weeks of acclimation (a period reflecting the duration of the winter breeding season). However, in both the low and high acclimation treatments, the optimal osmolality for sperm‐motility activation mirrored the osmolality at the natural breeding site, indicating a phenotypic match to the local environment. Previously it has been shown that C. signifera display among‐population covariation between environmental osmolality and sperm performance. Coupled with this finding, the results of the present study suggest that inter‐population differences reflect genetic divergence and local adaptation. We discuss the need for experimental tests of osmotic‐induced sperm plasticity in more freshwater taxa to better understand the environmental and evolutionary contexts favoring adaptive plasticity in sperm‐motility activation.
Physical Interpretation of Mixed Ionic‐electronic Conductive Polymer‐coated Electrodes by a Simple Universal Impedance Model
Authors: Tintelott Marcel , Kremers Tom , Mernitz Anabel , Ingebrandt Sven , Pachauri Vivek , Vu Xuan Thang , Schnakenberg Uwe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA simple equivalent electrical circuit is used to obtain the physical parameters of electrical circuit elements from measured electrochemical impedance spectra. This model consists of four circuit elements with a clear physical meaning for each of the elements. Compared to complex models with multiple constant phase elements or Warburg impedances, our model is suitable for extracting physical values for important electrode parameters with low errors. The feasibility of the model was shown by investigating pure metal or polymer‐coated electrodes. Here, gold electrodes were coated either with Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS), Polypyrrole:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PPy : PSS), or (PEDOT/PPy) : PSS by means of electropolymerization. The model could demonstrate the ionic‐electronic differences such as the ion accessibility of the differently coated electrodes. To prove the correctness of the model, the obtained results were compared to the literature.
Evaluation of the mutagenic effects of Molnupiravir and N4‐hydroxycytidine in bacterial and mammalian cells by HiFi sequencing
Authors: Miranda Jaime A. , McKinzie Page B. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Revollo Javier R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMolnupiravir (MOV) is used to treat COVID‐19. In cells, MOV is converted to the ribonucleoside analog N4‐hydroxycytidine (NHC) and incorporated into the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA genome during its replication, resulting in RNA mutations. The widespread accumulation of such mutations inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 propagation. Although safety assessments by many regulatory agencies across the world have concluded that the genotoxic risks associated with the clinical use of MOV are low, concerns remain that it could induce DNA mutations in patients, particularly because numerous in vitro studies have shown that NHC is a DNA mutagen. In this study, we used HiFi sequencing, a technique that can detect ultralow‐frequency substitution mutations in whole genomes, to evaluate the mutagenic effects of MOV in E. coli and of MOV and NHC in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells and human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. In all models, exposure to these compounds increased genome‐wide mutation frequencies in a dose‐dependent manner, and these increases were mainly composed of A:T → G:C transitions. The NHC exposure concentrations used for mammalian cells were comparable to those observed in the plasma of humans who received clinical doses of MOV.
Positivity‐preserving scheme for the flux reconstruction framework with a novel implementation
Authors: Huang Lintao , Jiang Zhenhua , Lou Shuai , Qin Xueyu , Yan Chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe positivity‐preserving scheme for the flux reconstruction (FR) framework is studied in this paper. A simple and direct implementation of the scheme is also proposed. Owing to the scheme and the implementation, FR or other high‐order nodal methods can provide completely physically meaningful solutions at each time step. Their robustness is greatly enhanced. In the numerical tests, the solving of Euler equations coupled with artificial viscosity and Navier–Stokes equations is focused. Satisfying results are obtained in problems that include strong shocks or vacuum states.
A fully‐implicit numerical algorithm of two‐fluid two‐phase flow model using Jacobian‐free Newton–Krylov method
Authors: Fan Jie , Gou Junli , Huang Jun , Shan Jianqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJacobian‐Free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) method is a stable and high‐efficiency method to solve the multi‐physics coupling problem for the modeling and simulation (M&S) of nuclear reactors. However, for the two‐fluid two‐phase flow model, the large number of constitutive models for different flow regimes as well as their discontinuities between different flow regimes present a huge challenge to solve the equations with JFNK method. Nevertheless, in this research, a fully‐implicit numerical algorithm was proposed to solve the two‐fluid two‐phase flow model based on the JFNK method. The field equations were fully‐implicitly discretized based on the second‐order backward time and Van Albada high‐order spatial difference schemes. A semi‐implicit‐scheme‐based preconditioner was constructed to improve the calculation efficiency. The V‐shaped linear advection test, water faucet test and the oscillating manometer test were simulated to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical algorithm and the performance of the numerical treatments with phase appearance and disappearance. By simulating the Bartolomei subcooled boiling experiment, Becker and Bennett dry out and post‐dry out experiments, the performances of the developed numerical algorithm for single‐phase flow, two‐phase flow and transition from the single‐phase flow to the two‐phase flow were validated. The single‐phase natural circulation and Edwards blowdown experiments were simulated to study the capability of the current fully‐implicit numerical algorithm for slow and quick transients, respectively. The results demonstrate good performance of the proposed algorithm and validate the accuracy of such algorithm. The comparisons of numerical efficiency show that the fully‐implicit numerical algorithm spends more time than the semi‐implicit numerical algorithm because the calculation of the inverse precondition matrix is time consuming. But the numerical stability of the fully‐implicit numerical algorithm is not influenced by the time step. In the practical simulations based on the fully‐implicit numerical algorithm, a large time step can be used to obtain a stable prediction and comparable or higher calculation efficiency and accuracy with respect to the semi‐implicit numerical algorithm.
Analysis and reconstruction of the thermal lattice Boltzmann flux solver
Authors: Lu Jinhua , Dai Chuanshan , Yu Peng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe thermal lattice Boltzmann flux solver (TLBFS) has been proposed as an alternative method to overcome the drawbacks of thermal lattice Boltzmann models. However, as a weakly compressible model, its mechanism of the good numerical stability for high Rayleigh number thermal flows is still unclear. To reveal the mechanism, the present article first derives the macroscopic equations of TLBFS (MEs‐TLBFS) with actual numerical dissipation terms by approximating its computational process. By solving MEs‐TLBFS with the finite volume method, the reconstructed TLBFS (RTLBFS) is proposed. Detailed analyzes prove that these actual numerical dissipation terms are the mechanism of the good numerical stability of TLBFS for high Rayleigh number thermal flows. More detailed numerical tests indicate RTLBFS has similar performances as TLBFS for stability, accuracy, and efficiency, which further validates the mechanism of the good numerical stability of TLBFS for high Rayleigh number thermal flows.
An evolutionary cost‐sensitive support vector machine for carbon price trend forecasting
Authors: Zhu Bangzhu , Zhang Jingyi , Wan Chunzhuo , Chevallier Julien , Wang Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at the imbalanced characteristics and proposes a novel evolutionary cost‐sensitive support vector machine (CSSVM) by integrating cost‐sensitive learning, support vector machine, and genetic algorithm for carbon price trend prediction. First, carbon price trend prediction is converted into a binary‐class prediction problem for CSSVM, in which a higher misclassification cost is imposed on the minority samples. In comparison, a more negligible misclassification cost is imposed on most samples. Second, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize all parameters of CSSVM synchronously. Taking Beijing, Hubei, and Guangdong carbon markets as samples, the empirical results show that the proposed model has a higher classification accuracy and lower misclassification costs compared with other popular prediction models. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis verifies that the proposed approach is robust.
Multi‐atlas thalamic nuclei segmentation on standard T1‐weighed MRI with application to normal aging
Authors: Pfefferbaum Adolf , Sullivan Edith V. , Zahr Natalie M. , Pohl Kilian M. , Saranathan Manojkumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpecific thalamic nuclei are implicated in healthy aging and age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. However, few methods are available for robust automated segmentation of thalamic nuclei. The threefold aims of this study were to validate the use of a modified thalamic nuclei segmentation method on standard T1 MRI data, to apply this method to quantify age‐related volume declines, and to test functional meaningfulness by predicting performance on motor testing. A modified version of THalamus Optimized Multi‐Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS) generated 22 unilateral thalamic nuclei. For validation, we compared nuclear volumes obtained from THOMAS parcellation of white‐matter‐nulled (WMn) MRI data to T1 MRI data in 45 participants. To examine the effects of age/sex on thalamic nuclear volumes, T1 MRI available from a second data set of 121 men and 117 women, ages 20–86 years, were segmented using THOMAS. To test for functional ramifications, composite regions and constituent nuclei were correlated with Grooved Pegboard test scores. THOMAS on standard T1 data showed significant quantitative agreement with THOMAS from WMn data, especially for larger nuclei. Sex differences revealing larger volumes in men than women were accounted for by adjustment with supratentorial intracranial volume (sICV). Significant sICV‐adjusted correlations between age and thalamic nuclear volumes were detected in 20 of the 22 unilateral nuclei and whole thalamus. Composite Posterior and Ventral regions and Ventral Anterior/Pulvinar nuclei correlated selectively with higher scores from the eye‐hand coordination task. These results support the use of THOMAS for standard T1‐weighted data as adequately robust for thalamic nuclear parcellation.
American Head and Neck Society position statement on the use of PD‐1 inhibitors for treatment of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schmalbach Cecelia E. , Ow Thomas J. , Choi Karen Y. , O'Leary Miriam , Lin Alice , Hughley Brian B. , Emerick Kevin S. , Moore Brian , Lee Nancy Y. , Zandberg Dan P. , Wang Steven J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA position statement put forth by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) was constructed to provide evidence‐based treatment recommendations for PD‐1 inhibitor use in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Secondarily, we sought to identify knowledge gaps warranting further investigation.MethodsA literature search utilizing key terms: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous cancer, checkpoint inhibitors, systemic therapy, Program Cell Death, PD‐1 (PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) was carried out to generate evidence‐based statements. The statements were distributed among the AHNS membership. Delphi methodology was applied to identify statements achieving 70% or greater consensus among the leadership team.ResultsTwenty‐six position statements achieved consensus. Knowledge gaps for future research included: impact of immunosuppression on cSCC staging and associated treatment; role of PD‐1 inhibitors in immunosuppressed patients.ConclusionThis comprehensive position statement put forth by the AHNS represents majority consensus by practicing head and neck surgeons throughout the country.
Household air pollution and incidence of eclampsia in eight low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Robbins Tanya , Kuhrt Katy , Vousden Nicola , Seed Paul , Shennan Andrew 
Published: October 2022

SynopsisThe authors found a strong correlation between national‐level data for deaths from household pollution and eclampsia rates in the CRADLE 3 (Community Blood Pressure Monitoring in Rural Africa & Asia: Detection of Underlying Pre‐Eclampsia and Shock) study clusters (correlation coefficient: 0.84).
Effect of infiltration rate on methane emission properties in pot‐cultured rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
Authors: Matsuda Soken , Nakamura Kimihito , Okano Tomohiro , Iwama Kenji , Hama Takehide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation is effective at reducing methane (CH4) emissions in rice cultivation. To investigate the effect of the infiltration rate on AWD effectiveness in terms of CH4 emissions, rice was cultivated in pots with three different infiltration rates under AWD. Under intermittent irrigation, the soil was more oxidative than is generally required for CH4 production (redox potential [Eh] > −150 mV), regardless of the infiltration rate. CH4 emission was suppressed by at least 37% compared to continuous flooding and no‐infiltration conditions; however, temporarily elevated emission caused by drainage below saturation was observed 1–2 h after the flooding receded. This result is important for accurately determining CH4 emissions in water management techniques such as AWD. CH4 emissions during the heading stage, including temporarily elevated emissions after flooding receded, were greatest under the highest infiltration rate (18 mm day−1). The infiltration rate did not affect the rate of soil Eh reduction; however, the total organic carbon concentration in the drainage water suggested that more carbon, a methanogen substrate, migrated to the bottom of the pot with increasing infiltration rate, which likely increased CH4 emissions. This study will aid in the examination of ponding water management techniques to control CH4 emissions in rice production.
Students' perspectives of digital transformation of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Bećirović Senad , Dervić Mersad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the COVID‐19 pandemic prompted numerous global changes, educational institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina were forced to adapt their educational approaches, with schools and universities implementing alternative teaching and learning practices. Thus, this study aimed to investigate students' perspectives on the digital transformation of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including their preferences for hybrid, online, or face‐to‐face teaching models, their internet habits and readiness for e‐learning, their attitudes and satisfaction with online learning, and their computer anxiety. The research sample consisted of 330 students studying in a variety of fields and academic years at both public and private universities. The data was gathered via an online questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed a significant effect of students' field of study, year of study, and university status on their preferences for hybrid, online, and face‐to‐face classes. However, the MANOVA test revealed that the aforementioned factors have an insignificant effect on students' internet habits and readiness for e‐learning, attitudes and satisfaction with online learning, and computer anxiety, all of which have an insignificant impact on student's academic achievement as determined by standard multiple regression analyses. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that students' preferences for hybrid, online, and face‐to‐face classes have a significant influence on their internet habits and readiness for e‐learning, attitudes, and satisfaction with online learning, and computer anxiety. The findings of this study may aid in a better understanding of tertiary education's digital transformation and the improvement of educational policy, curricula, and instructional and learning strategies.
Synthesis, molecular docking, ADME study, and antimicrobial potency of piperazine based cinnamic acid bearing coumarin moieties as a DNA gyrase inhibitor
Authors: Zala Ajayrajsinh R. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Kumari Premlata 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of novel piperazine based cinnamic acid bearing coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized by piperazine based cinnamic acids esterification with 4‐hydroxycoumarin and characterized by various spectral techniques like infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and mass. The novel bioactive compounds (7a‐7m) screen their potential against different bacterial and fungal strains. Compound 7g (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 12.5 µg/ml) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strain. Compounds 7d, 7f, 7g, 7k, 7l, and 7m showed potent antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains. Compounds 7a, 7g, 7h, 7k, 7l, and 7m exhibited potent antifungal activity against all fungal strains. Furthermore, a molecular docking study revealed that compounds 7d, 7f, 7g, and 7k could bind to the active site of E. coli DNA gyrase subunit B protein and form hydrogen bonding with crucial amino acid residues Arg136 in the active sites. Comprehensively, our study recommends that 7d, 7f, 7g, and 7k could be a promising lead for developing more efficient antimicrobial drug candidates and DNA gyrase inhibitors.