bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filler‐Integrated Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Shuailei , Liu Wenyi , Ba Deliang , Zhao Yongzhi , Ye Yihua , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComposite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) utilizing fillers as the promoting component bridge the gap between solid polymer electrolytes and inorganic solid electrolytes. The integration of fillers into the polymer matrices is demonstrated as a prevailing strategy to enhance Li‐ion transport and assist in constructing Li+‐conducting electrode–electrolyte interface layer, which addresses the two key barriers of solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs): low ionic conductivity of electrolyte and high interfacial impedance. Recent review articles have largely focused on the performance of a broad spectrum of CPEs and the general effects of fillers on SSLBs device. Recognizing this, in this review, after briefly presenting the categories of fillers (traditional and emerged) and the promoted ionic conducting mechanisms in CPEs, the progress in the interfacial structure design principle, with the emphasis on the crucial influence of filler size, concentration, and hybridization strategies on filler–polymer interface that is the most critical to Li‐ion transport is assessed. The latest exciting advances on filler‐enabled in situ generation of a Li+‐conductive layer at the electrode–electrolyte interface to greatly reduce the interfacial impedance are further elaborated. Finally, this review discusses the challenges to be addressed, outlines research directions, and provides a future vision for developing advanced CPEs for high‐performing SSLBs.
Potassium‐Assisted Fabrication of Intrinsic Defects in Porous Carbons for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ling Li‐Li , Jiao Long , Liu Xiaoshuo , Dong Yun , Yang Weijie , Zhang Hongjun , Ye Bangjiao , Chen Jun , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of intrinsic carbon defects is usually tangled with doping effects, and the identification of their unique roles in catalysis remains a tough task. Herein, a K+‐assisted synthetic strategy is developed to afford porous carbon (K‐defect‐C) with abundant intrinsic defects and complete elimination of heteroatom via direct pyrolysis of K+‐confined metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Positron‐annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine structure measurement, and scanning transmission electron microscopy jointly illustrate the existence of abundant 12‐vacancy‐type carbon defects (V12) in K‐defect‐C. Remarkably, the K‐defect‐C achieves ultrahigh CO Faradaic efficiency (99%) at −0.45 V in CO2 electroreduction, far surpassing MOF‐derived carbon without K+ etching. Theoretical calculations reveal that the V12 defects in K‐defect‐C favor CO2 adsorption and significantly accelerate the formation of the rate‐determining COOH* intermediate, thereby promoting CO2 reduction. This work develops a novel strategy to generate intrinsic carbon defects and provides new insights into their critical role in catalysis.
Biphasic Microdroplet–Microdroplet Extraction for Ultra‐Trace Enriching Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Song Yongchao , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnriching trace targets from trace samples is essential for analytical chemistry. Here, a mini‐pillar platform for biphasic (aqueous and organic) microdroplet–microdroplet extraction for enrichment analysis is demonstrated. Such mini‐pillars with biphasic hydrophobicity can anchor the biphasic microdroplets (organic or aqueous) regardless of rotation and inversion. Methylene blue (MB) and Nile red (NR) are extracted and analyzed by single‐phase extraction, double‐phase extraction, and enrichment analysis. The results display the well linear relationships of all extraction processes with the high extraction efficiency of more than 80% in the single/double phase and up to 500% in the enrichment phase. This work remedies the deficiencies of traditional liquid phase extraction technology, such as extensive sample consumption, low sensitivity, complex equipment, and cumbersome operation. Furthermore, a portable, easy‐manipulation, low‐waste, high‐throughput, and controllable liquid biphasic platform is proposed for high sensitivity, enrichment, and enhanced biphasic extraction analysis.
Efficient Charge Transfer in Z‐Scheme g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 Heterojunctions for Enhanced Photocatalysis and Photoenhanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Kaili , Wang Chuanjie , Luan Xinxin , Li Jia , Yang Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient charge separation and transfer is always an important prerequisite for efficient photocatalysis. Herein, g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 Z‐scheme heterojunctions are successfully constructed by a two‐step calcination method, in which Cu nanoparticles are embedded as an electronic conductor between g‐C3N4 and MoS2. g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 composites reveal excellent photocatalytic activity. The rate of hydrogen production reaches to 970.5 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 22 and 2.63 times of that of g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4/MoS2, respectively. Meanwhile, due to the significant enhancement of the conductivity of g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 and the efficient charge transfer, its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is also far superior. In addition, the electrocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 under light irradiation is significantly improved compared with that under dark condition. This is ascribed to the decrease of charge transfer resistance in the Z‐scheme system during light irradiation. The photochemical and electrochemical properties of g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 composites are compared with those of g‐C3N4/MoS2, which illustrate that the construction of g‐C3N4/Cu/MoS2 Z‐scheme heterojunction is an important factor to increase the charge transfer rate. The result provides a new idea for the realization of efficient charge transfer and the synergistic catalytic of photo and electro for water decomposition.
Pressure‐Induced Indirect‐Direct Bandgap Transition of CsPbBr3 Single Crystal and Its Effect on Photoluminescence Quantum Yield
Authors: Gong Junbo , Zhong Hongxia , Gao Chan , Peng Jiali , Liu Xinxing , Lin Qianqian , Fang Guojia , Yuan Shengjun , Zhang Zengming , Xiao Xudong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite extensive study, the bandgap characteristics of lead halide perovskites are not well understood. Usually, these materials are considered as direct bandgap semiconductors, while their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is very low in the solid state or single crystal (SC) state. Some researchers have noted a weak indirect bandgap below the direct bandgap transition in these perovskites. Herein, application of pressure to a CsPbBr3 SC and first‐principles calculations reveal that the nature of the bandgap becomes more direct at a relatively low pressure due to decreased dynamic Rashba splitting. This effect results in a dramatic PLQY improvement, improved more than 90 times, which overturns the traditional concept that the PLQY of lead halide perovskite SC cannot exceed 10%. Application of higher pressure transformed the CsPbBr3 SC into a pure indirect bandgap phase, which can be maintained at near‐ambient pressure. It is thus proved that lead halide perovskites can induce a phase transition between direct and indirect bandgaps. In addition, distinct piezochromism is observed for a perovskite SC for the first time. This work provides a novel framework to understand the optoelectronic properties of these important materials.
A Deep Study of Resistance Switching Phenomena in TaOx ReRAM Cells: System‐Theoretic Dynamic Route Map Analysis and Experimental Verification
Authors: Ascoli Alon , Menzel Stephan , Rana Vikas , Kempen Tim , Messaris Ioannis , Demirkol Ahmet Samil , Schulten Michael , Siemon Anne , Tetzlaff Ronald 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multidisciplinary field of memristors calls for the necessity for theoretically‐inclined researchers and experimenters to join forces, merging complementary expertise and technical know‐how, to develop and implement rigorous and systematic techniques to design variability‐aware memristor‐based circuits and systems. The availability of a predictive physics‐based model for a memristor is a necessary requirement before commencing these investigations. An interesting dynamic phenomenon, occurring ubiquitously in non‐volatile memristors, is fading memory. The latter may be defined as the appearance of a unique steady‐state behavior, irrespective of the choice of the initial condition from an admissible range of values, for each stimulus from a certain family, for example, the DC or the purely‐AC periodic input class. This paper first provides experimental evidence for the emergence of fading memory effects in the response of a TaOx redox‐based random access memory cell to inputs from both of these classes. Leveraging the predictive capability of a physics‐based device model, called JART VCM v1, a thorough system‐theoretic analysis, revolving around the Dynamic Route Map graphic tool, is presented. This analysis allows to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms, underlying the emergence of history erase effects, and to identify the main factors, that modulate this nonlinear phenomenon, toward future potential applications.
Integrated Solar‐Driven Device with a Front Surface Semitransparent Catalysts for Unassisted CO2 Reduction
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Hui , Richter Matthias H. , Müller Ralph , Kelzenberg Michael , Yalamanchili Sisir , Jahelka Phillip R. , Perry Andrea N. , Wu Pin Chieh , Saive Rebecca , Dimroth Frank , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Hannappel Thomas , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMonolithic integrated photovoltaic‐driven electrochemical (PV‐EC) artificial photosynthesis is reported for unassisted CO2 reduction. The PV‐EC structures employ triple junction photoelectrodes with a front mounted semitransparent catalyst layer as a photocathode. The catalyst layer is comprised of an array of microscale triangular metallic prisms that redirect incoming light toward open areas of the photoelectrode to reduce shadow losses. Full wave electromagnetic simulations of the prism array (PA) structure guide optimization of geometries and length scales. An integrated device is constructed with Ag catalyst prisms covering 35% of the surface area. The experimental device has close to 80% of the transmittance with a catalytic surface area equivalent 144% of the glass substrate area. Experimentally this photocathode demonstrates a direct solar‐to‐CO conversion efficiency of 5.9% with 50 h stability. Selective electrodeposition of Cu catalysts onto the surface of the Ag triangular prisms allows CO2 conversion to higher value products enabling demonstration of a solar‐to‐C2+ product efficiency of 3.1%. This design featuring structures that have a semitransparent catalyst layer on a PV‐EC cell is a general solution to light loss by shadowing for front surface mounted metal catalysts, and opens a route for the development of artificial photosynthesis based on this scalable design approach.
Microcellular foam of styrene–isobutylene–styrene copolymer withN2using polypropylene as a crystallization nucleating and shrinkage reducing agent
Authors: Lin Weiyuan , Hikima Yuta , Ohshima Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStyrene‐isobutylene‐styrene copolymer (SIBS) is a thermoplastic elastomer with excellent chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low gas permeability. SIBS is a good candidate with a high melt viscosity and a high storage modulus to develop new lightweight elastomeric products. Foam injection molding with core‐back operation is an efficient method to prepare SIBS foams. However, it is challenging to prepare a microcellular foam from neat SIBS by melt processing, such as foam extrusion or foam injection molding, because the hard segments cannot play a role in bubble nucleation sites in the molten state. Furthermore, a significant degree of shrinkage occurs after foaming. By introducing a semicrystalline polymer such as polypropylene (PP), the foamability can be improved in foam injection molding processes. By adjusting the foaming temperature to the crystallization temperature of PP, PP crystals provide bubble nucleation sites and increase the viscosity to suppress bubble growth. Microcellular foams with high cell density and small cell size were achieved at 108cells/cm3and approximately 13 μm. PP can also impede the shrinkage of SIBS foams.
3D printed membrane‐integrated spacers for enhanced antifouling in ultrafiltration
Authors: Khalil Abdullah , Francis Lijo , Hashaikeh Raed , Hilal Nidal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFeed spacers are an important component of membrane‐based filtration systems as they promote turbulence and mass transfer during the filtration process—thereby, reducing the membrane fouling and improving the flux. Whereas spacers are used as a separate component in conjunction with membranes, herein, we demonstrate that membrane‐integrated spacers offer superior fouling resistance and hence an improved output flux during filtration. The integrated spacers were fabricated by 3D printing a composite slurry of UV curable resin and polyvinylidene fluoride on the Polyethersulfone‐based ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. After curing under the UV light, the 3D printed spacers showed excellent flexibility and mechanical integrity along with permanent adhesion to the UF membrane. When tested for filtration using humic acid as foulant, the integrated spacer offered significantly reduced fouling and an increased flux as compared with the commercial spacer. Moreover, it was found that the geometry of the integrated spacers plays an important role in their performance. Among different geometries, the “gyroid” geometry, with an optimal infill density, provided the highest fouling resistance while improving the flux by nearly 150% as compared with the commercial spacer. When tested as stand‐alone spacers, the 3D spacers with identical geometries resulted in an increased fouling and lower flux which confirmed the superior performance of membrane integrated spacers.
Promoting metacognition in an allied health anatomy course
Authors: Cale Andrew S. , Hoffman Leslie A. , McNulty Margaret A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetacognition, the ability to self‐regulate one's learning and performance, has been shown to improve student outcomes. Anatomy is recognized as one of the toughest courses in allied health curricula, and students could benefit from metacognitive activities. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in metacognition of allied health students in an anatomy course and identify which groups need support with this skill. First‐year physician assistant (MPAS), physical therapy (DPT), and occupational therapy (OTD) students (n = 129) were invited to participate. At the beginning and end of the course, students completed a questionnaire including the metacognitive awareness inventory (MAI) that assesses metacognition. Students were also asked to reflect on their examination performances using a modified Likert scale and participated in reflective discussion boards to encourage development of metacognitive skills, which were thematically analyzed. Paired metacognition scores had increased significantly by the end of the course. However, middle‐performers anticipated high grades and were less satisfied with their grade, indicating a disconnect in their metacognition compared to high‐ and low‐performers. Students' receptiveness to modifying study strategies to improve performance declined throughout the course; by mid‐way through, they relied more on existing strategies. Increasing time constraints were frequently cited as a major factor when considering study strategies and modification of such strategies. To maximize the effectiveness of metacognitive activities, they should be positioned early in the course when students are most receptive. In addition, middle performers may benefit from additional support to improve metacognition.
Error investigation of rain retrievals from disdrometer data using triple colocation
Authors: Annella Clizia , Capozzi Vincenzo , Fusco Giannetta , Budillon Giorgio , Montopoli Mario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAssessing the uncertainty of precipitation measurements is a challenging problem because precipitation estimates are inevitably influenced by various errors and environmental conditions. A way to characterize the error structure of coincident measurements is to use the triple colocation (TC) statistical method. Unlike more typical approaches, where measures are compared in pairs and one of the two is assumed error‐free, TC has the enviable advantage to succeed in characterizing the uncertainties of co‐located measurements being compared to each other, without requiring the knowledge of the true value which is often unknown. However, TC requires to have at least three co‐located measuring systems and the compliance with several initial assumptions. In this work, for the first time, TC is applied to in‐situ measurements of rain precipitation acquired by three co‐located devices: a weighing rain gauge, a laser disdrometer and a bidimensional video disdrometer. Both parametric and nonparametric formulations of TC are implemented to derive the rainfall product precision associated with the three devices. While the parametric TC technique requires tighter constraints and explicit assumptions which may be violated causing some artifacts, the nonparametric formulation is more flexible and requires less strict constrains. For this reason, a comparison between the two TC formulations is also presented to investigate the impact of TC constrains and their possible violations. The results are obtained using a statistically robust dataset spanning a 1.5 year period collected in Switzerland and presented in terms of traditional metrics. According to triple colocation analysis, the two disdrometers outperform the classical weighing rain gauge and they have similar measurement error structure regardless of the integration time intervals.
Enhanced study of facial soft tissues using a novel large scale histology technique
Authors: Minelli Lennert , Bown Rory George Charles , Mu Erica Wung Hwa , Whitehead Darryl Lane , Henderson Tania Helen , Lawrence Felicity , Mellor Ian , Wissemann Matthew Ian , Brown Cameron Peter , van der Lei Berend , Mendelson Bryan Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe safety and effectiveness of facial cosmetic surgery procedures are dependent on detailed 3D understanding of the complex surgical anatomy of the face. Traditional, small sample size anatomical dissection studies have limitations in providing definitive clarification of the fascial layers of the face, and especially in their relationship with the facial nerve, and their reaction to surgical manipulation. The objective study of large tissue areas is required to effectively demonstrate the broader architecture. Conventional histology techniques were modified to handle extraordinarily large tissue samples to fulfill this requirement. Full‐thickness soft tissue samples (skin to bone) of maximum length 18 cm, width 4 cm, and tissue thickness 1 cm, were harvested from 20 hemifaces of 15 fresh human cadavers (mean age at death = 81 years). After fixation, the samples were processed with an automated processor using paraffin wax for 156 h, sectioned at 30 μm, collected on gelatin‐chromium‐coated glass slides, stained with a Masson's Trichrome technique and photographed. Using this technique, excellent visualization was obtained of the fascial connective tissue and its relationship with the facial mimetic muscles, muscles of mastication and salivary glands in 73 large histological slides. The resulting slides improved the study of the platysma and superficial musculo‐aponeurotic system (SMAS), the spaces and ligaments, the malar fat pad, and the facial nerve in relations to the deep fascia. Additionally, surgically induced changes in the soft‐tissue organization were successfully visualized. This technique enables improved insight into the broad structural architecture and histomorphology of large‐scale facial tissues.
HEG1 as a novel potential biomarker for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zou Xin , Zhang Yue , Wang Ning , Shi Jie , Li Qinghai , Hao Wanming , Zhu Wenjing , Han Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart development protein with EGF‐like domains 1 (HEG1), generally related to angiogenesis and embryonic development, was reported to participate in the occurrence and progression of some tumors recently. However, the role of HEG1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear.Patients and MethodsTo explore the effect of HEG1 on LUAD, GEPIA platform and UALCAN database, as well as Kaplan–Meier plotter were adopted to analyze the association of HEG1 with clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes for LUAD firstly. And then the HEG1 in LUAD tissues, blood and cell lines were detected by qRT‐PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify pathways that might be affected by HEG1 in LUAD.ResultsIn this study, HEG1 in lung tissues and cell lines of LUAD were significantly downregulated compared to benign pulmonary disease tissues and alveolar epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with other groups, patients with advanced tumor stage had lower HEG1 mRNA expression levels (p = 0.025), which were negatively correlated with Ki67 index in tumor tissues (r = −0.427, p = 0.033). On the other hand, the LUAD patients with lower HEG1 had shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40–0.65, p < 0.001) according to Kaplan–Meier plotter. In addition, HEG1 in serum of LUAD patients was negatively associated with CEA (r = −0.636, p < 0.001). GSEA showed that HEG1 was enriched in various metabolic‐related pathways, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism signaling.ConclusionsHEG1 was downregulated in LUAD patients and associated with poor prognosis, which indicating HEG1 may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD.
Unpacking the effects of information overload on the purchase intention of electric vehicles
Authors: Hu Xianfeng , Wang Shanyong , Zhou Rongting , Tong Yun , Xu Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChina is currently under tremendous pressures to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. As an energy‐saving transportation innovation, electric vehicles (EVs) can alleviate this dilemma. This study adopts the Stimuli‐Organism‐Response (SOR) framework to explore the effect of information overload on consumers' psychological state and subsequent adoption intentions of EVs. Based on the 367 valid samples from Auto 4S shops in EV pilot cities in Mainland China, this study reveals that information overload negatively impacts perceived value and perceived effectiveness but positively impacts perceived risk. Furthermore, information quality offsets the negative impact of information overload on perceived value and enhances the positive impact of information overload on perceived risk. Interestingly, information quality not significantly affect the relationship between information overload and perceived effectiveness. In addition, perceived value and perceived effectiveness are positively related to purchase intentions, while perceived risk is negatively correlated with consumers' purchase intentions. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the policy implications of EVs and provide suggestions for future development.
Swallowing difficulties in adolescents: A case report and suggestion of treatment model
Authors: Lindh Margareta Gonzalez , Selander Emma , Kukka Antti Juhani 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDysphagia or difficulty swallowing in childhood necessitates multi‐disciplinary evaluation and management. This case report highlights the teamwork required for diagnostic work‐up to distinguish functional dysphagia from organic and psychiatric conditions in an adolescent girl. Treatment model based on cognitive behavioral therapy is also presented.