bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density Altitude: Climatology of Daily Maximum Values and Evaluation of Approximations for General Aviation
Authors: Halperin Daniel J. , Guinn Thomas A. , Strazzo Sarah E. , Thomas Robert L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Density altitude (DA) is an aviation parameter that helps determine specific aircraft performance characteristics for the expected atmospheric conditions. However, there are currently no detailed graphical tools for general aviation (GA) pilot education demonstrating the spatial and temporal variation of DA to help improve situational awareness. In this study, the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) dataset is used to construct a 30-yr monthly climatology of DA for the conterminous United States. Several DA characteristics are also investigated, including the effect of humidity on DA, the determination of reasonable worst-case conditions, and the applicability of two DA rules of thumb (ROTs). Maximum values of DA (worst aircraft performance) occur during July, reaching 3600 m over areas with high surface elevations. Humidity, while tertiary to the effects of temperature and pressure, causes the DA to increase from their dry values by more than 140 m as far north as the U.S.-Canada border. The dry DA ROT performs well for all conditions outside of strong tropical cyclones, where GA flights would not be expected. The ROT to correct for the effects of humidity performs well except in high elevations or when the dewpoint temperatures fall outside the applicable range of ≥5°C. When applied outside this range, in some situations, DA errors can be greater than if no humidity correction were applied. Therefore, a new ROT to correct for humidity is introduced here that extends the applicable dewpoint temperature range to ≥−28°C and reduces errors in estimated DA.

Significance Statement
The impacts of density altitude on aircraft performance have led to numerous general aviation (GA) accidents. This study helps GA pilots better understand the spatial and temporal variability in density altitude, thereby increasing their situational awareness during flight planning. This study also evaluates commonly used approximations to estimate density altitude, so pilots can understand the situations where these approximations are (in)applicable. Results suggest the need for a humidity correction approximation when dewpoint temperatures are <5°C, which is introduced in this study.
Evaluating Operator Training Performance Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Autocorrelation Transformed Eye Gaze Data
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Rakesh , Hettiarachchi Imali T. , Hanoun Samer , Jia Dawei , Hosking Simon G. , Bhatti Asim 
Published: August 2022

Objective This research aimed to investigate the relationship between gaze behaviour dynamics and operator performance. Background Individuals differ in their approach when learning a new task often resulting in performance disparity. During training some individuals learn the structure and dynamics of the task and develop a systematic approach, whereas others may achieve the same result albeit with increased perceived workload, or indeed some may fail to achieve superior performance levels. Previous research has shown that comparing gaze of experts with novices can provide unique insights into cognitive functioning of superior performers. Methods Twenty-five individuals participated in a computer-based simulation task. The concept of coefficient of variation (CoV) of task scores was used to compute the participants’ consistency of performance. Based on CoV, the cohort was split into two performance categories. The temporal patterns in participants gaze data were transformed using autocorrelation, and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was employed to analyse and quantify the patterns. Results A Mann–Whitney U analysis demonstrated significantly ( p < .01) higher determinism, entropy and laminarity in the superior group compared to the moderate group. Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant ( p < .01) negative correlation between the consistency of task performance (CoV) and the RQA measures. Conclusion The results demonstrated that eye gaze dynamics can be used as an objective measure of performance. Participants classified as superior performers consistently demonstrated a systematic gaze activity which were in line with the task structure. Application The methods presented here are applicable to observe and evaluate operators’ strategic distribution of gaze. Specifically, for tactical monitoring and decision making in task environments where spatial locations of elements-of-interest vary continuously.
Mortality and cost of post-cardiotomy extracorporeal support in the United States
Authors: Kakuturu Jahnavi , Dhamija Ankit , Chan Ernest , Lagazzi Luigi , Thibault Dylan , Badhwar Vinay , Hayanga J W A 
Published: August 2022

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used increasingly for cardiopulmonary rescue. Despite recent advances however, post-cardiotomy shock (PCS)-ECMO survival remains comparatively poor. We sought to evaluate outcomes and define factors that predict in-hospital mortality. Methods We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate adult hospitalizations with a primary procedure code for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and/or valve procedures performed between 2013 and 2018, which also required post cardiotomy ECMO support. Patient-related factors and hospital costs were evaluated to identify those associated with in-hospital mortality. Results There were 1,247,835 admissions for cardiac surgical procedures during the study period. Post-cardiotomy shock-ECMO support was provided in 4475 (0.3%) within the study cohort. A total of 2000 (44.7%) hospitalizations involved isolated valvular procedures, 1700 (38.0%) isolated CABG, and 775 (17.3%) involved a combination of both. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 42.1% ( n = 1880). Factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality included patients with multiple comorbidities (> 7) and those undergoing combination of valve and CABG procedures. Only 26.6% of those who survived to discharge, were discharged home independently. Conclusion Survival to independent home discharge is rare following PCS-ECMO. Its high mortality is associated with multiple comorbidities and combination of CABG and valve surgery.
Response to pre-dilatation with POBA can predict target lesion revascularization after DCB angioplasty for de novo small coronary artery lesions
Authors: Takamura Taka-aki , Kawai Yasuyuki , Akita Satori , Oda Minako , Akao Hironobu , Nakagawa Tohru , Takama Shunsuke , Tsuchiya Taketsugu , Kitayama Michihiko , Kajinami Kouji 
Published: August 2022

Objective To assess the determinants of target lesion revascularization (TLR) after drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for de novo small coronary artery lesions. Methods This retrospective study enrolled consecutive lesions from patients that were in a stable condition and had undergone successful DCB treatment for de novo small coronary artery lesions. The study endpoint was TLR and major adverse cardiac events at 12 months. Results A total of 68 patients with 83 lesions were enrolled in the study. Of these, 11 (13.3%) lesions required TLR. Mean ± SD pre-dilatation balloon diameters were similar in the non-TLR (2.33 ± 0.72 mm) and TLR (2.18 ± 0.36 mm) groups. A comparison of the two groups showed that post/pre-lumen area ratio during pre-dilatation (%) by plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) was significantly and negatively associated with TLR and the optimal cut-off point was 170%. Cox proportional hazard and multivariate regression analyses showed that post/pre-lumen area ratio was the only independent predictor of TLR (hazard ratio 0.9318; 95% confidence interval 0.9001, 0.9645). Conclusion Greater pre-dilatation using POBA, assessed as the post/pre-lumen area ratio, may be independently associated with a lower 12-month TLR rate in patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for de novo small coronary lesions.
New speakers and language change in Diné Bizaad (Navajo)
Authors: Palakurthy Kayla 
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives: This paper analyzes the extent to which new speakers are participating in an ongoing phonological change in Diné Bizaad (Navajo). The implications of these patterns are discussed as they relate to theories of new speakers and language change. Methodology design: I apply a variationist methodology to analyze the pronunciation of lateral affricates from speakers representing different generations and language learning contexts. I focus on comparing new speakers, who report acquiring the language primarily through school or in a language program, with their age-equivalent peers. Data and analysis: The data come from interviews recorded with 51 bilingual Diné Bizaad-English participants, ages 18–75. This includes four new speakers. The analysis focuses on variation in the lateral affricates in connected speech samples and an oral translation task. Findings/conclusion: Results reveal that new speakers diverge from other younger participants in their lack of participation in an ongoing change in the affricates. Instead, new speakers more closely resemble middle-aged and older speakers. Originality: This study applies the new speaker framework to an Indigenous North American language, an under-represented sociolinguistic context within the literature. These findings provide a counterexample to the more frequent finding of new speakers linguistically diverging from older, traditional speakers. Significance/implications: These results are interpreted as arising due to literacy practices, language usage networks, and community values. The orthographic representation of the affricates is thought to inhibit sound change. At the same time, due to their more formal language learning background, new speakers have developed a self-monitored speech style oriented toward the prestigious, older speakers. A lack of peer group language usage is thought to prevent the development of linguistically or ideologically distinct new speaker varieties. The confluence of these factors means that instead of constituting agents of language change, new speakers are more similar to older participants.
Trends in the interest in COVID-19 news of the local media and their readers: The case of Spain
Authors: Santos-Gonçalves Tatiana , Napp Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 has caused not just an unprecedented sanitary crisis but a social crisis, which has affected, among many other fields, the local journalism, which had to adapt to meet the public’s information needs about coronavirus. In this study we analyzed the evolution of local news about COVID-19 in Spain throughout the pandemic by examining local news articles in social media. Using a unique dataset of over 230k Facebook posts published by Spanish local media organizations during 2020 and 2021, we found evidence that the interest of local media in COVID-19, measured as the proportion of the news related to COVID-19, changed as the pandemic evolved. Our results also show that the interest that local media readers had in COVID-19, measured as the proportion Facebook interactions related to COVID-19, was even higher, and also evolved during the pandemic. Although the interest in COVID-19 of local media and their readers essentially progressed in parallel, we also identified some periods in which they behaved differently. While a fatigue with COVID-19 related news would be expected after 2 years of pandemic, a clear decrease of interest was not observed neither in journalists nor in readers.
Influence of evening light exposure on polysomnographically assessed night-time sleep: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Cajochen C , Stefani O , Schöllhorn I , Lang D , Chellappa SL 
Published: August 2022

Evening exposure to electric light can acutely suppress melatonin levels and adversely affect subsequent sleep. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis investigating the influence of evening illuminance levels on polysomnographically (PSG)-assessed sleep. We also explored how melanopsin (expressed in melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) affects human sleep features. We included polysomnographic laboratory sleep studies with healthy humans for effects of illuminance and exposure duration, for pre-sleep exposures between 6:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. From 440 identified articles, 114 met eligibility criteria for screening, and 21 also reported type of light source/spectral characteristics, with 12 identified as eligible for review. Meta-analysis showed evening light affects sleep latency, sleep efficiency and slow wave sleep, with overall effect sizes (95% confidence interval) of 0.69 (−0.50; 1.88), 0.34 (−0.13; 0.82) and −0.61 (−1.85; 0.62), respectively. Estimated melanopic EDI in the range of 100–1000 lx yielded clear dose–response relationships for sleep latency and sleep efficiency, but not for slow wave sleep. Whilst illuminance and duration indicated no apparent effects for a single evening light exposure on PSG-assessed sleep latency, sleep efficiency and slow wave sleep, we observed evidence for a relationship between light exposure and sleep effects based on melanopic EDI. Hence, melanopic EDI may provide a robust predictor of non-visual responses on human sleep.
5F SOFIA intermediate catheter in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Russo Riccardo , Mistretta Francesco , Molinaro Stefano , Bergui Mauro 
Published: August 2022

Background We herein report our experience with the 5F SOFIA (Soft Torqueable catheter Optimized for Intracranial Access) intermediate catheter for endovascular treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) both in distal middle vessel occlusions (DMVOs) and in large vessel occlusions (LVOs) with unfavorable anatomy. Methods Records of forty-seven patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy with 5F SOFIA between September 2020 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ demographic data, clinical presentation, treatment details, and complications were recorded from the medical record. The primary outcomes were successful revascularization (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia, mTICI ≥2b) and good clinical outcome at 3 months (modified rankin scale, mRS 0-2). Secondary outcomes were complication rates and switch to alternative techniques. Our institutional review board approved this study. Results Forty-seven patients with AIS treated with 5F SOFIA were examined. In eighteen (38%) cases the occlusion was located on a large vessel while in 29 (61.7%) on a distal-medium vessels. Median national institutes of health strokes scale (NIHSS) score was 16 at admission. Successful revascularization to mTICI 2b-3 was achieved in 14 of 18 patients (77.7%) with LVOs and in 24/29 cases with DMVOs (82.7%) respectively. mRS score 0-2 at three months (3 months-mRS 0-2) was 66.6% for LVOs and 68.9% in DMVOs respectively. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) occurred in 2 (4.2%) patients. Conclusion 5F SOFIA intermediate catheter could be a safe and effective treatment for AIS and a viable alternative to 6 F conventional intermediate catheters in selected cases.
Geographic distribution of Ontario pharmacists: A focus on rural and northern communities
Authors: Timony Patrick , Houle Sherilyn K. D. , Gauthier Alain , Waite Nancy M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Canadians living in rural and northern communities face particular health needs and challenges in accessing primary care services. Ontario pharmacists are increasingly able to optimize patient care with a broadening scope of practice; this was highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the geographic distribution of pharmacists to evaluate their potential to deliver health care in rural and northern Ontario communities. Methods: A secondary analysis of the Ontario College of Pharmacists’ registry data was undertaken, with all Part A pharmacists who had at least 1 patient care practice site included in the analysis. Full-time equivalent (FTE) hours worked at each practice site were calculated and compared with the population distribution. Ratios of FTEs per 1000 residents by census subdivision (which represents communities) were calculated and compared by geography, north vs south and urban vs rural (further subdivided by metropolitan-influenced zones). Results: The greatest availability of pharmacist FTEs was found in urban communities (with slightly better availability in the north), whereas the lowest availability was found in the most rural communities. A more granular observation revealed that northern communities were more likely to have no local pharmacist access (72%) compared with southern communities (24%). Discussion: Rural and northern communities are underserved. Novel approaches to overcoming the rural pharmacist care gap include rural practice incentives, targeted enrollment of rural students, increased rural exposure in pharmacy schools and the utilization of new technologies such as telepharmacy and drone medication deliveries.
Range values for external and internal intensity monitoring in female soccer players: A systematic review
Authors: Oliveira Rafael , Paulo Brito João , Moreno-Villanueva Adrián , Nalha Matilde , Rico-González Markel , Clemente Filipe Manuel 
Published: August 2022

Background The range values of different training and match intensity measures obtained to define benchmarks in female soccer players are needed. Usually, cohort studies analyse only one team with a relatively small sample size, which brings forth the need for a systematic review to generalise training and match intensity evidence. Objectives This review aimed to identify and summarise studies that have examined external and internal training or match intensity monitoring to provide range values for the main measures in female soccer players. Methods A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results From the 2853 studies searched, 44 were analysed in which the following range intervals were found for training: rated perceived exertion (RPE, 1–7 AU), session-RPE (s-RPE, 51–721 AU), total distance (2347–6646 m) and distance >19.4 km·h−1 (9–543 m). For matches, the range values were s-RPE (240–893 AU), total distance (5480–10581 m), distance ≥14 km·h−1 (543–2520 m), ≥ 18 km·h−1 (96–1680 m), number of accelerations (49–240) and deceleration (21–85) and player load (848–1096 AU). Conclusions This study provides range values of s-RPE, RPE, TRIMP, total distance and distance >19.4 km·h−1 regarding training; range intervals of s-RPE, heart rate average and maximum, total distance, distance ≥ 14 km·h−1, ≥ 18 km·h−1, ACC and DEC (> 2 ms−2) regarding matches for professional female players that can be used by coaches, practitioners or researchers to achieve similar training and competitive levels.
Measuring the digital divide among people with severe mental ill health using the essential digital skills framework
Authors: Spanakis P , Wadman R , Walker L , Heron P , Mathers A , Baker J , Johnston G , Gilbody S , Peckham E 
Published: August 2022

Aims: Amid the vast digitalisation of health and other services during the pandemic, people with no digital skills are at risk of digital exclusion. This risk might not abate by the end of the pandemic. This article seeks to understand whether people with severe mental ill health (SMI) have the necessary digital skills to adapt to these changes and avoid digital exclusion. Methods: Two hundred and forty-nine adults with SMI across England completed a survey online or offline. They provided information on their digital skills based on the Essential Digital Skills (EDS) framework, sociodemographic information, and digital access. This is the first time that the EDS is benchmarked in people with SMI. Results: 42.2% had no Foundation Skills, and 46.2% lacked skills for daily life (lacking Foundation or Life Skills). 23.0% of those working lacked skills for professional life (lacking Foundation or Work Skills). The most commonly missing skills were handling passwords and using the device settings (Foundation Skills) and online problem solving (Skills for Life). People were interested in learning more about approximately half of the skills they did not have. People were more likely to lack Foundation Skills if they were older, not in employment, had a psychosis-spectrum disorder, or had no Internet access at home. Conclusion: A significant portion of people with SMI lacked Foundation Skills in this objective and benchmarked survey. This points to a high risk for digital exclusion and the need for focused policy and tailored health sector support to ensure people retain access to key services and develop digital skills and confidence. To our knowledge, this is the first time this has been described using the EDS framework. Services, including the National Health Service (NHS), need to be aware of and mitigate the risks.
Phenotypes of Allergic Asthma: Does In-Vitro Allergy Testing Help Predict Asthma Disease Severity?
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Cabrera Claudia I. , Amador Eulalia M. , Grafmiller Kevin , Sindwani Raj 
Published: August 2022

Background Allergy and asthma are often diagnosed concomitantly. Patients with both diagnoses might need to have a more targeted approach to reduce the symptomatic burden and severity of disease. Objective This study was designed to explore the relationship between specific allergen sensitization, and asthma diagnosis and severity with the hypothesis that patients who tested positive to a higher allergy class of response and to more allergens would be more likely to have severe asthma. Methods A retrospective review was performed on 1419 charts that had a positive IgE allergy class blood test between 2014 and 2018. A total of 701 patients had one or more positive tests and a diagnosis of asthma. Patient demographics and pertinent variables including all clinic and ED visits, specific allergy and class of response, and information related to their asthma treatment and severity were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the likelihood of asthma diagnosis, concomitant diagnosis of asthma and allergic rhinitis, and measures of asthma severity. Results Higher class of response to cat dander 1.24 (1.09, 1.41), dog dander 1.29 (1.13, 1.47), lamb's quarter 1.35 (1.06, 1.70), house dust 1.41 (1.11, 1.82), Cladosporium herbarum 1.35 (1.07, 1.67) or cockroach 1.56 (1.00, 2.44) showed increased odds of hospitalizations. There was a statistically significant difference between the average number of classes for patients with and without asthma ( P < .001), and those with and without steroids ( P < .001). Conclusions This study found that positivity to cat dander, dog dander, some fungus, and house dust was associated with more severe asthma.