bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated Proton Storage in Molybdenum Selenide through Electronegativity Regulation
Authors: Zhao Xingyu , Liu Qian , Zhong Chenglin , Li Yu , Chen Qingguo , Chao Dongliang , Chen Minghua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLayered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising candidates for aqueous zinc‐based batteries owing to the large interlayer distance. Nevertheless, the low specific capacity of unmodified TMDs due to the high binding energy between host materials and carriers in electrolytes hinder their further development. Herein, a simple method to incorporate oxygen is reported to enhance the specific capacity of MoSe2. The in situ and ex situ characterization results confirm that the oxygen incorporated MoSe2 experiences proton‐dominated insertion electrochemistry during cycling. In addition, the theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the oxygen atoms with high electronegativity can effectively reduce the binding energy of adsorbing H+ and change charge distribution in the interlayer. As a result, incorporating oxygen significantly promotes H+ adsorption and diffusion, and thus greatly increases the specific capacity of MoSe2. This study provides an effective strategy to facilitate the kinetics of TMDs, and thus achieve high‐performance aqueous zinc‐based batteries.
Managing Challenges in Organic Photovoltaics: Properties and Roles of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Wu Yue , Geng Yanfeng , Zhou Erjun , Zhong Yufei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have demonstrated increasing potential for use in large‐area, flexible, and light‐weight applications. To date, the rapid development of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) and their conjugated polymeric donors have increased the efficiency of OPV by over 19%. Nevertheless, OPV is still suffering from high energy loss, which primarily derives from the donor (D)/acceptor (A) interfacial charge recombination. In particular, the voltage loss occurring at the D/A interface accounts for the current bottleneck, hampering further enhancement of the OPV efficiency. In this review, the recent discovery of D/A interfacial photophysics in NFA‐based OPVs, including the comparison with its fullerene‐based counterpart, is covered. Additionally, the factors governing interfacial energy loss, such as interfacial energetics and local morphologies, which causes the trade‐off relationship between photovoltage and photocurrent in OPV are highlighted. Accordingly, the control of D/A interfacial properties to create an “ideal” interface for charge generation in OPVs is reviewed; and emphasized that the D/A interfacial modifications can serve as a powerful tool to manage the challenges in OPVs path toward future practical applications.
Spatiotemporal Delivery of pBMP2 and pVEGF by a Core–Sheath Structured Fiber‐Hydrogel Gene‐Activated Matrix Loaded with Peptide‐Modified Nanoparticles for Critical‐Sized Bone Defect Repair
Authors: He Shan , Fang Ju , Zhong Chuanxin , Wang Min , Ren Fuzeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe clinical translation of bioactive scaffolds for the treatment of large segmental bone defects remains a grand challenge. The gene‐activated matrix (GAM) combining gene therapy and tissue engineering scaffold offers a promising strategy for the restoration of structure and function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. Herein, a gene‐activated biomimetic composite scaffold consisting of an electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) fiber sheath and an alginate hydrogel core which carried plasmid DNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (pBMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (pVEGF), respectively, is developed. A peptide‐modified polymeric nanocarrier with low cytotoxicity and high efficiency serves as the nonviral DNA delivery vector. The obtained GAM allows spatiotemporal release of pVEGF and pBMP2 and promotes osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts in vitro. In vivo evaluation using a critical‐sized segmental femoral defect model in rats shows that the dual gene delivery system can significantly accelerate bone healing by activating angiogenesis and osteogenesis. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed dual gene‐activated core–sheath structured fiber‐hydrogel composite scaffold for critical‐sized bone defect regeneration and the potential of cell‐free scaffold‐based gene therapy for tissue engineering.
Achieving Sustainable and Stable Potassium‐Ion Batteries by Leaf‐Bioinspired Nanofluidic Flow
Authors: Zhang Xixue , Wu Feng , Lv Xiaowei , Xu Liqianyun , Huang Ruling , Chen Renjie , Li Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn nature, living systems have evolved integrated structures, matching optimized nanofluidics to adapt to external conditions. In rechargeable batteries, high‐capacity electrodes are often plagued by the crucial and universal bottleneck of dissolution and shuttle of active substance into electrolyte, posing obstacles of inevitable capacity degradation. Introducing the concept of intelligent nanofluidics to electrodes, a leaf‐bioinspired electrode configuration with hierarchical architecture to tackle this problem is proposed. This integrated structure with fine‐tuned surface pores and unobstructed interior porous media, can spatially control the anisotropic nanofluidic flux, in an efficient and self‐protectable way: tailoring the outflow across the electrode's surface and free transport in interior, to ensure speedy and stable energy conversion. As proofs of concept, applications of sustainable electrodes rejuvenated from fallen leaf and spent commercial batteries, are designed with leaf‐bioinspired architecture. Both KCoS2 and KS battery systems show advanced steady cycling with effectively mitigated shuttle issues in this smart architecture (0.15% and 0.21% capacity decay per cycle), even at high areal mass loading, when compared with open porous structure (0.60% and 0.39%). This work may pave a new way from a biomimetic view to integrated electrode engineering with regulated surface shielding to conquer the universal dissolution–shuttle problems facing high‐capacity materials.
Regioregular Pyridal[1,2,3]Triazole‐Based Polymer Semiconductors for High Mobility and Near‐Infrared Light Emission Applications
Authors: Chen Jinyang , Kuang Junhua , Liu Yanwei , Yang Jie , Zhu Mingliang , Wei Xiaofang , Shao Mingchao , Zhao Zhiyuan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of polymer semiconductors with strong luminescence and high mobility has always been challenging, and achieving both properties together is considered paradoxical according to molecular design principles. Studies on novel molecular species with unique optoelectrical characteristics are limited. Herein, a novel fully rigid coplanar thiophene‐pyridal[1,2,3]triazole‐thiophene (T‐PT‐T) class structure with considerable intramolecular noncovalent interactions is proposed. To balance luminescence and carrier transport properties, a series of non‐conventional regioregular conjugated polymers (PPTs) with suitable energy gaps (Egs ≈ 1.8 eV) are developed, which exhibit near‐infrared (NIR, 700–1000 nm) light emission and high mobility. One of the synthesized polymers, PPT‐2, exhibits an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 9% in the solid‐state and a high mobility reaching 0.35 cm2 V−1 s−1, indicating superior performance compared to other NIR light‐emitting polymer semiconductors. The authors believe that the class structure of fully rigid coplanar “T‐PT‐T” could be harnessed to develop high‐mobility NIR light‐emitting polymer semiconductors.
A Single Metasurface Can Perform Range‐Velocity Detection and Target Imaging Simultaneously at Single Frequency
Authors: Huang Zi Ai , Wang Jia Wei , Xiao Qiang , Li Bai Yang , Wang Wen Hao , Wan Xiang , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRange, velocity, and geometric shape are primary features of a moving target. Obtaining these features usually needs high‐cost system and complicated signal processing. Here, a single‐frequency mechanism to detect these features simultaneously with digital programmable metasurface (DPM) in transmission type is proposed. For range‐velocity detection, the DPM can produce sum beams whose radiation phases are modulated by sequentially changing aperture codes of the metasurface to generate biphase coded signals, in which the Range‐Doppler algorithm is used to estimate the range and velocity information of a moving target. Then difference beams are generated by the metasurface, and the sum‐difference ratios of echo signals are used to locate the target. For two‐dimensional imaging, random radiation patterns are produced by the DPM, and the matched filtering algorithm is used to image the target. Since the proposed mechanism implements all detections based on a single programmable metasurface, the complexity and cost of detection systems are greatly reduced, showing promising potentials of DPMs in intelligent and universal electromagnetic sensing.
Endothelial‐Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in a Shear‐Exposed Intimal Hyperplasia on‐a‐Dish Model to Evaluate Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Fernandes Andreia , Miéville Arnaud , Grob Franziska , Yamashita Tadahiro , Mehl Julia , Hosseini Vahid , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Falk Volkmar , Vogel Viola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntimal hyperplasia (IH) represents a major challenge following cardiovascular interventions. While mechanisms are poorly understood, the inefficient preventive methods incentivize the search for novel therapies. A vessel‐on‐a‐dish platform is presented, consisting of direct‐contact cocultures with human primary endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exposed to both laminar pulsatile and disturbed flow on an orbital shaker. With contractile SMCs sitting below a confluent EC layer, a model that successfully replicates the architecture of a quiescent vessel wall is created. In the novel IH model, ECs are seeded on synthetic SMCs at low density, mimicking reendothelization after vascular injury. Over 3 days of coculture, ECs transition from a network conformation to confluent 2D islands, as promoted by pulsatile flow, resulting in a “defected” EC monolayer. In defected regions, SMCs incorporated plasma fibronectin into fibers, increased proliferation, and formed multilayers, similarly to IH in vivo. These phenomena are inhibited under confluent EC layers, supporting therapeutic approaches that focus on endothelial regeneration rather than inhibiting proliferation, as illustrated in a proof‐of‐concept experiment with Paclitaxel. Thus, this in vitro system offers a new tool to study EC‐SMC communication in IH pathophysiology, while providing an easy‐to‐use translational disease model platform for low‐cost and high‐content therapeutic development.
Evaluating how operator experience level affects efficiency gains for precision agricultural tools
Authors: Kharel Tulsi P. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Owens Phillip R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTractor guidance (TG) improve environmental gains relative to nonprecision technologies; however, studies evaluating how tractor operator experience for nonguidance comparisons affect gains are nonexistent. This study explores spatial relationships of overlaps and gaps with operator experience level (0–1, 2–3, 6+ yr) during fertilizer and herbicide applications based on terrain attributes. Tractor paths recorded by global navigation satellite systems were used to create overlap polygons. Results illustrate operator experience level is critical for better efficiency gains estimation (for non‐TG comparisons). Operators with 6+ yr of experience reduced overlap by 7.7 and 20.6% compared with operators with 2–3 and 0–1 yr of experience, respectively. New operators had consistently higher overlap across all slope (<0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–5, 5–9, and 9–15%) and roughness classes (<0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.5, 0.5–0.7, 0.7–1 and >1). A low interpersonal reliability value of 0.02–0.03 indicates operator experience is crucial to estimate TG efficiency gains and consistent drivers experience levels are needed when evaluating economic and environmental gains from TG.
Congenital adrenal calcifications as the first clinical indication of sphingosine lyase insufficiency syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ron Hayley A. , Scobell Rebecca , Strong Amy , Salazar Elizabeth G. , Ganetzky Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSphingosine Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome (SPLIS) or SGPL1 Deficiency is a newly described entity that is characterized by steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome, primary adrenal insufficiency, lymphopenia, ichthyosis, and/or endocrine and neurologic abnormalities. The earliest identification of SGPL1 pathogenic variants in association with this syndrome was reported in 2017. Since then, at least 36 patients have been reported with this pediatric syndrome. Here, we report a new patient with SPLIS who had a prenatal finding of adrenal calcifications, congenital nephrotic syndrome, and abnormal newborn screening concerning for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. We conclude that SPLIS is a clinically recognizable condition with prenatal onset. This case should increase awareness of SPLIS in the differential diagnosis for adrenal calcifications. We present a case on the severe end of the clinical spectrum of SPLIS, and a review of the literature.
Tumor‐derived endomucin promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Huang Qi , Li Xue‐mei , Sun Jing‐ping , Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndomucin (EMCN) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a mucin‐like component of the endothelial cell glycocalyx. The mechanism of EMCN action in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.AimsOur aim was to explore the role of EMCN in the progression of CRC.Materials & MethodsWe examined EMCN expression in CRC tissues and normal para‐carcinoma tissues. The function and mechanisms of EMCN were checked in CRC cell lines and in mouse xenograft. Additionally, we used co‐immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify the potential EMCN‐binding proteins. Functional annotation analysis showed where these genes were enriched.ResultsWe found that EMCN was overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with that in normal para‐carcinoma tissues. We also found that overexpression of EMCN induced CRC proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. EMCN knockdown prevents epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in vitro. We identified 178 potential EMCN‐binding partners. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis indicated that these genes were considerably enriched in carcinogenic‐related functions and pathways. Collectively, the identification of EMCN‐binding partners enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of EMCN‐mediated malignant phenotypes, and this research may provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC.ConclusionTumor‐derived endomucin promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis. We identified 178 EMCN‐binding proteins and initially screened three potential EMCN‐interacting proteins: NALCN, and TPM2, ANKK1. Our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC development.
Single‐agent gemcitabine in patients with advanced, pre‐treated angiosarcoma: A multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Watson Sarah , Verret Benjamin , Ropert Stanislas , Adam Julien , Bahleda Rastislav , Briand Sylvain , Cavalcanti Andrea , Chamseddine Ali N. , Court Charles , Fadel Elie , Faron Matthieu , Haddag‐Miliani Leila , Henon Clémence , Pechoux Cécile Le , Levy Antonin , Mercier Olaf , Ngo Carine , Honoré Charles , Cesne Axel Le , Mir Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGemcitabine has shown clinical activity against angiosarcoma in small series, alone, or combined with taxanes. We aimed to evaluate its activity as a single‐agent in a larger series of patients with advanced angiosarcoma. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of consecutive adult patients with advanced angiosarcoma treated with single‐agent gemcitabine at our institutions from January 2010 to January 2021. Response was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1, and toxicity was graded according to NCI‐CTC v5.0. 42 patients were identified. 38 patients (90%) had received prior anthracyclines and weekly paclitaxel, and 9 (21%) had received pazopanib. The best tumor response was partial response (PR) in 16 patients (38%), or stable disease (10 patients, 24%). All 8 patients with cardiac angiosarcoma experienced a PR. Median PFS was 5.4 months (95%CI: 3.1–6.5), and median OS was 9.9 months (95%CI: 6.6–13.4). Single‐agent gemcitabine has clinically meaningful activity in advanced, heavily pre‐treated angiosarcoma.
CFD‐DPM‐based numerical simulation for char gasification in an entrained flow reactor: Effect of residence time distribution
Authors: Barik Hrusikesh , Bhattacharya Sankar , Bose Manaswita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe rate of conversion during gasification of char particles depends on the type of reagents, the concentration of reactants, and reactor temperature, among many other parameters; however, the overall conversion depends on the residence time distribution (RTD) of the particles in the reactor. The objective of the present work is to investigate the influence of gasifying agents, their concentration, and reactor wall temperature on the RTD of the char particles. The aim also includes studying the effect of mean residence time on the overall char conversion during gasification of Victorian brown coal in an entrained flow reactor. Two gasifying reagents, namely, CO2 and H2O, are selected in the present study. A discrete particle model (DPM) is coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the solid phase dynamics. Gasification is modelled using a lumped approach. The mean residence time of the solid char particles, determined using three different methods, is observed to increase with the CO2 concentration and wall temperature but decrease in the H2O environment. The longer residence time leads to higher overall char conversion in a CO2 environment despite the higher reactivity of H2O compared to CO2 as a gasifying reagent.
Positive effects of running exercise on astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex in an animal model of depression
Authors: Huang Dujuan , Xiao Qian , Tang Jing , Liang Xin , Wang Jin , Hu Menglan , Jiang Yanhong , Liu Li , Qin Lu , Zhou Mei , Li Yue , Zhu Peilin , Deng Yuhui , Li Jing , Zhou Chunni , Luo Yanmin , Tang Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDepression is one of the most common mental illnesses and seriously affects all aspects of life. Running exercise has been suggested to prevent or alleviate the occurrence and development of depression; however, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. Independent studies have indicated that astrocytes play essential roles and that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important brain region involved in the pathology underlying depression. However, it is unknown whether running exercise achieves antidepressant effects by affecting the number of astrocytes and glutamate transport function in the mPFC. Here, animal models of depression were established using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and depression‐like behavior was assessed by the sucrose preference test. After successfully establishing the depression model, experimental animals performed running exercise. Glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive (GFAP+) cell number in the mPFC was precisely quantified using immunohistochemical and stereological methods, and the densities of bromodeoxyuridine‐positive (BrdU+) and BrdU+/GFAP+ cells in the mPFC were measured using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence assay. Changes in glutamate transporter gene expression in mPFC astrocytes were detected by mRNA sequencing and qRT–PCR. We found that running exercise reversed CUS‐induced decreases in sucrose preference, increased astrocyte number and the density of newborn astrocytes, and reversed decreases in gene expression levels of GFAP, S100b, and the glutamate transporters GLT‐1 and GLAST in the mPFC of CUS animals. These results suggested that changes in astrocyte number and glutamate transporter function may be potential meditators of the effects of running exercise in the treatment of depression.
Decolonial praxis: Teacher educators' perspectives on tensions, barriers, and possibilities of anti‐racist practice‐based Initial Teacher Education in England
Authors: Gabi Josephine , Olsson Rost Anna , Warner Diane , Asif Uzma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe impact of colonisation, cognitive imperialism, and Eurocentric modes of knowing, being and doing has had an effect on Higher Education, including teacher education. Colonial epistemologies, epistemicide, academic dependency, disempowerment and intellectual inferiority are challenged by liberatory pedagogies that present opportunities to reconceptualise ontological and epistemic foundations to inform antiracist practice and decolonial praxis. However, prevailing teacher education policies of standardisation in England raise difficult obstacles against decolonial and anti‐racist practices. By acknowledging the existence of institutionalised forms of coloniality, which includes the reproduction of colonial‐modernist‐western modes of thinking and doing, a re‐imagined decolonial reality can be envisioned. We argue that this process can engender humanising, antiracist, and epistemically liberating pedagogies within teacher education, which can encourage the co‐existence of a diverse plurality of forms of knowing, being and doing. Through conversational semi‐structured interviews with nine teacher educators, enriched by a critical analytic ethnographic study, the findings suggest perceptible evidence of teacher educators' growing curiosity and commitment to exposing ITE's complicity in the reproduction and sustenance of the logics of coloniality of knowledge and relational inequities.
Wear mechanism and life prediction of the ripper in a 9‐m‐diameter shield machine tunneling project of the Beijing new airport line in a sand‐pebble stratum
Authors: Jiang Hua , Zhu Jiachen , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Jinxun , Li Hongliang , Meng Lingfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTool wear is a noteworthy problem in the process of shield tunneling, and the degree of wear varies with stratum. The sand‐pebble strata in Beijing are typically mechanically unstable. However, many subways are buried wholly or partially in sand‐pebble strata. Taking the Beijing New Airport line tunneling project as research background, this study evaluated the wear characteristics of the multiconfiguration rippers of a 9‐m‐diameter spoke‐type shield tunneling machine in a sand‐pebble stratum. The wear values of five ripper teeth and ripper flanks were analyzed based on field‐measured data from the Beijing New Airport line project. As the analytical results show, the wear value generally increases as the installation radius enlarges with the rise of cutting trace length. The wear of the 190‐rippers was divided into five categories: pedestal wear, ripper teeth collapse, uniform wear, ripper teeth falling off and ripper flank wear. Uniform wear of the ripper teeth and ripper flank wear were the two abrasion types of the 190‐rippers. The teeth of the 155‐rippers mostly maintained their cutting capacity under the protection of the 190‐rippers. A wear prediction model of linear fitting field data was developed for a 190‐ripper face to obtain the optimum shield driving distance in the sand‐pebble stratum. The average wear coefficients of the 190‐ripper before and after replacement matched well, being 0.045 and 0.066 mm/km, respectively. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for tool wear prediction in shield construction under similar geological conditions.