bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatographic determination of fatty acid composition in breast milk of mothers with different health conditions
Authors: Zhang M. , Simon Sarkadi L. , Üveges M. , Tormási J. , Benes E. , Vass R.A. , Vari S.G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman milk (HM) of healthy, well-nourished, lactating mothers is a unique and ideal source of nutritive factors, like hormones, cytokines, chemokines, growth factors that ensures the proper growth and development of infants. Among the main components of HM, fat is an important energy source and a regulatory factor. The quality of milk fat depends on its fatty acid (FA) composition. Gas chromatography coupled with flame ionisation detection is one of the most common methods for analysis of the FA profile of HM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FA composition of HM, collected from mothers with different health conditions (normal Body Mass Index (nBMI); overweight and obese) using GC-FID method. The results showed that saturated FAs were present in the highest amount in the HM samples, of which palmitic acid was the main representative. The major monounsaturated FA was oleic acid, while linoleic acid was the most abundant of the polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA). Overweight and obese women have lower levels of PUFA in their breast milk. The data were subjected to principal component and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). QDA classified nBMI and overweight and obese mother milk samples with 88.24% accuracy. Significant differences were found between normal and overweight and obese HM samples in case of C10:0 and C18:3 FAs. Higher maternal BMI was associated with a higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio.
A comparative study of local scour depth around bridge piers
Authors: Al-Jubouri Muhanad , Ray Richard P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScour is the leading cause of bridge collapse beneath any bridge pier located within the waterway. A numerical-based hydraulic model named the Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System and a mathematical model of the Florida Department of Transport were implemented to investigate their performance and accuracy in estimating the maximum scour depth beneath bridge piers where large and small-scale physical prototypes are used as a benchmark. The main findings are that a hydraulic model is an effective tool when employing the Colorado State University equation, which compares well with physical prototypes irrespective of the variation in piers' size and shape. Also, it has achieved more consistent results than the Froehlich and the Florida Department of Transport methodologies.
Swift heavy ion irradiation-induced amorphous iron and Fe–Si oxide phases in metallic 57Fe layer vacuum deposited on surface of SiO2/Si
Authors: Kuzmann E. , Nomura K. , Stichleutner S. , Nakanishi A. , Pechousek J. , Machala L. , Homonnay Z. , Vondrasek R. , Skuratov V. A. , Krupa L. , Malina O. , Ingr T. , Kubuki S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer (CEM) spectroscopy, SEM and magnetization measurements were used to study the effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on metallic 57Fe (10 nm) thin layer vacuum deposited onto SiO2/Si. About 85% of the total iron content of the surface layer detected by CEM was present as metallic, crystalline alpha iron before the irradiation, while upon irradiation with 160 MeV Xe ions, with a fluence of 5 × 1013 ion cm−2, ~ 21% was converted to amorphous iron and ~ 47% to silicon-containing iron oxide phases. The presence of pure iron in the amorphous state was evidenced by CEM in agreement with magnetization measurements. Temperature dependence of CEM measurements and the FC/ZFC curves of the irradiated deposit indicated superparamagnetic nature of the iron-silicon-oxide phases. The results are discussed in terms of the thermal spike model for the formation of the amorphous iron phase that can be essential for the formation of silicon-iron-oxides.
Graphical abstract
Nucleation and growth behavior of multicomponent secondary phases in entropy-stabilized oxides
Authors: Dupuy Alexander D. , Chellali Mohammed Reda , Hahn Horst , Schoenung Julie M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rocksalt structured (Co,Cu,Mg,Ni,Zn)O entropy-stabilized oxide (ESO) exhibits a reversible phase transformation that leads to the formation of Cu-rich tenorite and Co-rich spinel secondary phases. Using atom probe tomography, kinetic analysis, and thermodynamic modeling, we uncover the nucleation and growth mechanisms governing the formation of these two secondary phases. We find that these phases do not nucleate directly, but rather they first form Cu-rich and Co-rich precursor phases, which nucleate in regions rich in Cu and cation vacancies, respectively. These precursor phases then grow through cation diffusion and exhibit a rocksalt-like crystal structure. The Cu-rich precursor phase subsequently transforms into the Cu-rich tenorite phase through a structural distortion-based transformation, while the Co-rich precursor phase transforms into the Co-rich spinel phase through a defect-mediated transformation. Further growth of the secondary phases is controlled by cation diffusion within the primary rocksalt phase, whose diffusion behavior resembles other common rocksalt oxides.
Graphical abstract
Exogenous trehalose protects photosystem II in heat-stressed wheat
Authors: Luo Yin , Sun Mei , Gao Yamin , Lang ShuPing , Wang Yue 
Published: October 2022

Background: Photosystem II (PSII) is susceptible to heat stress. Plants naturally accumulate trehalose to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanism by which trehalose affects PSII during heat stress is still unknown.
Questions: How does trehalose affect PSII during heat stress?
Studied species: Triticum aestivum L.
Study site and dates: Shanghai, China. 2019-2021.
Methods: Trehalose -pretreated wheat seedlings suffered from heat stress and their photosynthetic parameters were measured.
Results: Heat stress caused a reduction in the photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transfer rate (ETR(II)), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipationY(NPQ) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), but increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y[NO]). The shape of the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP) curve in the heat-stressed wheat was altered and the primary photochemistry maximum yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the PSII performance indicator PIabs were reduced. Accordingly, the activities of PSII and electron transport chain, the amount of ordered α-helix structures and the content of D1 protein also decreased. However, in trehalose-pretreated wheat, D1 protein and protein secondary structures of PSII were both protected, the electron transport activities of PSII and the whole chain were improved and greater fluorescence parameters values were maintained. Lower Y(NO) and more stable OJIP were obtained.
Conclusions: Exogenous trehalose acted a vital role in the protection of the function of PSII, resulting in higherphotosynthetic capacity under heat stress.
Национальные трансфертные счета Молдовы-2019: особенности построения и некоторые результаты
Authors: Гагауз Ольга Евсеевна , Прохницки Валериу 
Published: October 2022

В ближайшие десятилетия в Молдове, как и других странах Восточной Европы, демографическое старение населения будет оказывать существенное влияние на экономическое развитие, вызывая необходимость совершенствования социальной политики с целью уменьшения негативных последствий демографических изменений и обеспечения достойного уровня жизни различных поколений. Национальные трансфертные счета (НТС) позволяют выявить взаимосвязь между возрастной структурой населения, экономическим поведением в течение жизненного цикла и системой межпоколенческой поддержки, определить роль государства и частного сектора в покрытии расходов на потребление.
В данной статье представлен опыт построения НТС для Молдовы на основе данных 2019 г. Согласно полученным результатам, размер дефицита экономического жизненного цикла (ДЭЖЦ) в 2019 г. составил 67,6 млрд леев или 59,1% от общего трудового дохода и 32,1% от общего объема ВВП. Трудовые доходы населения Молдовы превышают потребление в коротком возрастном промежутке 30-48 лет (19 лет), что обусловлено низким уровнем занятости населения и высоким уровнем международной миграции. Объем частных текущих трансфертов на покрытие ДЭЖЦ гораздо больше государственных. Переводы международных мигрантов (трансферты между домохозяйствами) играют существенную роль в покрытии ДЭЖЦ.
Temporal Variation of the Spectral Decay Parameter Kappa Detected before and after the 2016 Main Earthquakes of Central Italy
Authors: Castro Raúl R. , Spallarossa Daniele , Pacor Francesca , Colavitti Leonardo , Lanzano Giovanni , Vidales-Basurto Claudia A. , Sgobba Sara 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigated the temporal variation of the spectral decay parameter κ before and after two main earthquakes that occurred in the central Italy region, namely the Amatrice (Mw 6.0) of 24 August 2016 and the Norcia (Mw 6.5) of 30 October 2016 earthquakes. For this analysis, we used seismograms from the central Italy dense seismic array stations, and earthquakes located at hypocenter distances r &lt; 80 km, having magnitudes Mw 3.4–6.5. The dataset consists of 393 events recorded at 92 stations. We estimated, for both earthquake sequences, average functions κ˜(r) that describe the distance dependence of κ along the S-wave source-station paths using acceleration spectra from foreshocks, mainshock, and aftershocks. We observed that there was a regional attenuation drop within approximately two months after the Amatrice earthquake. Then, κ˜(r) tends to return toward the attenuation values observed before the occurrence of the main event, namely to the values of κ˜(r) obtained from the foreshocks, when the earthquake cycle is probably completed. We also estimated the near-source kappa (κs) using aftershocks from 24 August 2016 to 3 September 2016. The results show that the values of κs are lower than those from aftershocks located to the north near the epicenter of the Amatrice earthquake, suggesting that the tectonic stress was probably high near the rupture zone, and that there may be a likely fluid flow of crustal fluids. κ˜(r) obtained from the foreshocks of the Norcia earthquake is like that calculated with the records of the Amatrice aftershocks. Then, κ˜(r) drops to lower attenuation values during the Norcia main event and tends to increase again during the aftershocks. From the analysis of these two earthquake sequences that occurred in a short-time interval in central Italy, we conclude that the temporal variation of κ˜(r) could be a valuable indicator to monitor the earthquake cycle.
The Urban Underground Space beneath the Karst Basin of Guilin, China, Revealed by Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography
Authors: Yu Guiping , Zhang Zhi , Xu Tao , Li Xuelai , Wang Minling , Guo Xi , Xu Jiao , Hou Jue , Guo Guihong , Badal José 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Detection of hidden faults and sedimentary layers in the urban subsoil is significant for the utilization of the underground space, earthquake hazard mitigation, and so forth. Guilin, located in southwest China, is well known for the development of the most typical karst landform in the world and has become an international tourist city that needs scientific planning and knowledge of the urban underground space. After collecting waveform data recorded continuously over a period of about 1.5 months by a dense array of 114 short-period seismic stations installed in and around Guilin, we adopt ambient seismic noise cross-correlation method to extract Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion curves within the period range from 0.5 to 5 s and to obtain a high-resolution S-wave velocity (VS) model of the shallow crust above 9 km using surface-wave tomography. The vertical VS gradient image indicates that the sediment thickness of the Guilin Karst basin is about 1–3 km. Sedimentary layers are relatively thick between Yanshan Mountain and Haiyang Mountain, and along the Yi river valley, where karst groundwater may be abundant and used as an important option for urban water supply. Both the absolute VS velocity image and the relative VS anomaly image clearly reveal the occurrence, location, and deep extension characteristics of major faults. Longsheng–Yongfu, Nanning–Guilin, Yaoshan–Yanshan, Baishi, and Guanyang–Hengyang may be regional deep faults cutting through the upper crust at least. The evolution of the basin is mainly controlled by the steep dipping Longsheng–Yongfu and Baishi faults, and partially controlled by the gently dipping Nanning–Guilin fault in the interior of the basin. The Nanning–Guilin fault is an active and partially buried fault obliquely crossing Guilin city. Urban seismic imaging, such as the new VS tomography presented here, can play an important role in understanding tectonic and tectonic-subsidence earthquake hazards associated with these buried faults.
Investigation of Women's Awareness Levels of Domestic Violence
Authors: ATAMAN Hacer , BOZKURT Adile , ÖZTÜRK AKDENİZ Ceyda 
Published: October 2022

Objective: The study was conducted to examine the awareness levels of women about domestic violence.
Material and Method: The population of the descriptive study consists of women between the ages of 18-65 residing in Artvin and Osmaniye. The study was completed with 433 participants who met the research criteria. The data were collected using the “Sociodemographic Data Form” and the “Domestic Violence Awareness Scale”.
Findings: 37,9% of the participants were exposed to family violence. Women reported verbal and emotional violence (21%) as the most common type of violence. 17,8% of women have been exposed to violence by more than one person. The total mean score of Domestic Violence Awareness Scale is 24,15±0,22. A statistically significant difference was found between the age, employment status, education level, marital status, number of children and type of marriage of the woman and her husband, and the total mean score of Domestic Violence Awareness Scale. A statistically significant difference was found between the type of violence and the total mean score of Domestic Violence Awareness Scale. According to this, the total mean score of Domestic Violence Awareness Scale of the women who were exposed to economic violence was found to be statistically significantly higher than the women who were not exposed to domestic violence, who were exposed to verbal emotional violence, and who were exposed to multiple violence.
Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that women's awareness of domestic violence was at a low level. Factors affecting the awareness of domestic violence and the level of family violence awareness of women should be evaluated; Studies should be carried out to raise awareness about domestic violence and to prevent violence.
Toward a “New Normal”: A Case Study of the Pandemic's Effect on Film Exhibition
Authors: Owczarski Kimberly 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAs the largest theatrical chain globally, AMC Theatres faced enormous financial losses during the coronavirus pandemic, but the company also found opportunities to expand their business and contest the studios' growing dependence on streaming services. AMC provides a case study of how the pandemic affected movie theaters and how chains negotiated this challenging time. AMC's ability to overcome these challenges provides a blueprint for what it takes to survive in the theatrical business moving forward.
No Time to Die—Literally: Risk, Fandom, and Theatergoing during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Johnson Tyler , Funnell Lisa 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTCOVID‐19 impacted moviegoing and fandom in profound ways. Such concerns were especially acute for properties delayed by the pandemic, like the 25th James Bond film, No Time to Die. Original survey research shows that willingness to see the film opening weekend without social distancing was significantly lower amongst Bond fans who still perceived COVID to be a crisis. Interest in returning to the theater in general was also impacted by such assessments of the pandemic.
Application of the Relief-f Algorithm for Feature Selection in the Prediction of the Relevance Education Background with the Graduate Employment of the Universitas Sriwijaya
Authors: Yahdin Sugandi , Desiani Anita , Gofar Nuni , Agustin Kerenila 
Published: October 2022

Career Development Center (CDC) at Universitas Sriwijaya provided a tracer study dataset for graduates. The data contained feature questions about the relevance of background education and graduate employment, namely about lectures, research projects experience, internships experience, English skill, internet knowledge, computer skill and others. the data was filled in by graduates in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Applying the Relief-f algorithm was to select the pattern features that most influence the relevance of education background and graduate employment. This study used Naive Bayes and KNN methods to measure the success rate of the Relief-f algorithm. The results of the accuracy of the data before the feature selection process for the naïve Bayes method were 73.43% and the KNN method was 66.24%, after the feature selection process the accuracy obtained in both methods increased to 74.38% for the Naive Bayes method and 72.22% for the KNN method. The best pattern features selected were 8 features: department relationship with work, the competence of education background, English skill, research projects experience, extracurricular activities, the competence of education background, internships experience, and communication skills. Based on the accuracy obtained, it was concluded that the Relief-f algorithm worked well in the feature selection and improved the accuracy.
Traffic Violation Detection System Using Image Processing
Authors: Umar Buhari Ugbede , Olaniyi Olayemi Mikail , Agajo James , Isah Omeiza Rabiu 
Published: October 2022

Over the last three decades, the global population of human beings has increased at an exponential rate, resulting in an equal rise in the number of vehicles owned and used globally. Vehicle traffic is a major economic component in both urban and rural areas, and it requires proper management and monitoring to ensure that this mass of vehicles coexists as smoothly as possible. The amount of vehicular traffic on roads around the world, with Nigeria as a case study, results in varying degrees of traffic rule violations, especially red light jumping. To arrest offenders and resolve the weaknesses and failures of human traffic operators who cannot be everywhere at once, efficient traffic violation and number plate recognition systems are needed. There are several methods for reading characters, which can be alphabets, numbers, or alphanumeric. To minimize processing time and computational load on the machine, this research proposed k-Nearest Neighbour for plate number character recognition. The system was developed and evaluated. From the result, the localization of license plate regions within an image was 92 percent accurate, and character recognition was 73 percent accurate.
Ultra-Wideband Spectrum Hole Identification Using Principal Components and Eigen Value Decomposition
Authors: Emeshili Joseph 
Published: October 2022

Ultra-Wideband Spectrum Hole identification using Principal Components and Eigen Value Decomposition evolve a method of detecting spectrum hole from complex and corrupted wide band spectrum signal, due to the effect of noise spectrum hole detection is usually a challenge in wideband signal, as the presence of noise give rise to error alert, that is, noise can be misconstrued for signal. Dimensionality reduction was first used as the first level of denoising technique, Principal component Analysis (PCA) was used in dimensioning Wide Band Spectrum Data; this was able to reduce the noise level in the signal which made it convenient for Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to act on it. FFT was used to decompose the signal to 64 sub band channels and on further reduction using principal Component Analysis (PCA), a 32 Level sub-band decomposition was carried out. Eigen Value generated shows that the magnitude of the signal to Noise ratio between Eigen Value 1 to 19 was high enough to show the that there exist a signal, while between 20 to 32 shows no signal by implication it indicates that these areas have high possibility of unoccupied spectrum holes.
Role of Leaders’ Positive Communication in Facilitating Change
Authors: Amir Muhammad Taufiq 
Published: October 2022

Coping with unexpected and unprecedented challenges, particularly in managing change, is part of a leader’s function. Change often presents problems and tensions between the parties involved, which can derail the achievement of their objectives. For change to be successful, leaders need to build morale, unify individual and departmental aspirations, and positively influence such change. This study explores positive communication models that can facilitate leaders in managing change. By reviewing the literature of positive communication in the areas of a positive organization, particularly involving the integrative approach and constructive interaction, this study found the certain ways of communication that can encourage effective change agents while reducing the resistance of the individual change target. This work reveals that the constructive and integrative dimension of positive communication may facilitate the change agent to be more internally directed and purpose oriented. On the other hand, questioning and discovery emphasize the affection aspects and will lessen the resistance and make change target those who are more open and eager to collaborate.
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Lithofacies Characteristics and Sweet Spot Distribution of Lacustrine Shale Oil: A Case Study from the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Ma Pengjie , Lin Chengyan , Li Guiang , Dong Chunmei , Jiang Long , Du Xinyu , Ren Minhua , Liu Weibin , Zhao Ziru , Yuan Yue , Lang Kaihao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lacustrine shale is characterized by rapid lithofacies transformation and compositional heterogeneity, which present challenges in shale oil sweet spot evaluation and distribution prediction and should be systematically studied. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-pressure adsorption isotherm analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and triaxial compression testing were employed to comprehensively analyze the oil-bearing capacity, reservoir properties, fluidity, and frackability of different lithofacies. Via analyses of mineral composition, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and sedimentary structure, seven lithofacies were identified: organic-rich calcareous shale (L1), organic-rich laminated calcareous mudstone (L2), organic-rich laminated carbonate-bearing mudstone (L3), intermediate-organic laminated calcareous mudstone (L4), organic-poor laminated calcareous mudstone (L5), organic-poor thin-bedded calcareous mudstone (L6), and organic-rich laminated silty mudstone (L7). Considered together, the oil-bearing capacity, reservoir properties, fluidity, and frackability suggested that the L1 and L7 lithofacies were high-quality sweet spots, with satisfactory oil-bearing capacity (TOC&gt;3.5%; S1&gt;10 mgHC/grock), well-developed pores and microfractures, notable fluidity (as indicated by a high oil saturation index value), and suitable brittleness. The sweet spot distribution was predicted according to multiresolution graph-based clustering analysis of well logs. The results indicate that comprehensive research of the key factors for shale oil and lithofacies prediction can promote sweet spot prediction and enhance shale oil exploration.