bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of a neovascular age‐related macular degeneration national database using a web‐based platform: Fight Retinal Blindness Spain. Report 1: Visual outcomes
Authors: Zarranz‐Ventura Javier , Parrado‐Carrillo Alba , Nguyen Vuong , Sararols Laura , Garay‐Aramburu Gonzaga , Puzo Martín , Arruabarrena Carolina , Figueras‐Roca Marc , Gillies Mark C. , Casaroli‐Marano Ricardo P. ,   from the writing committee of the Fight Retinal Blindness Spain (FRB! Spain) Users Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo study the visual outcomes of neovascular AMD (nAMD) treated with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs at national level.MethodsMulticenter national database of nAMD eyes treated with anti‐VEGF intravitreal injections (ranibizumab, aflibercept, bevacizumab) in fixed bimonthly (FB) or treat‐and‐extend (TAE) regimens. Demographics, visual acuity (VA) in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) ETDRS letters at baseline and subsequent visits, number of injections and visits data were collected using a validated web‐based tool (Fight Retinal Blindness!).Results1273 eyes (1014 patients) were included, 971 treatment naïve (TN) and 302 previously treated (PT). Baseline VA (mean ± SD) was 57.5 (±19.5) and 62.2 (±17) (p > 0.001), and 24 months final VA was 60.4 (±21.2) and 58.8 (±21.1) (p = 0.326), respectively. Mean VA change at 12/24 months was +4.2/+2.9 letters in TN eyes and +0.1/−3.4 letters in PT eyes (p < 0.001/p < 0.001). The percentage of ≥15 letters gainers/losers at 24 months was 24.8%/14.5% in TN, and 10.3%/15.7% in PT eyes. The median number of injections/visits at 12 months was 7/9 in TN and 6/8 in PT (p = 0.002/p < 0.001) and at 24 months was 11/16 in TN and 11/14 in PT (p = 0.329/p < 0.001). Study drugs included ranibizumab (39.5%), aflibercept (41.2%) and bevacizumab (19.3%).ConclusionIndependent, large‐scale national audits are feasible if committed health care professionals are provided with efficient information technology systems to do them. The results described here represent an adequate measurement of the quality of care delivered nationwide and benchmark the clinical management of nAMD at a country level compared to other real‐world international cohorts.
Multidimensional evaluation of the learning curve for laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer: a risk‐adjusted cumulative summation analysis
Authors: Giani Alessandro , Veronesi Valentina , Bertoglio Camillo Leonardo , Mazzola Michele , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Grimaldi Simona , Gualtierotti Monica , Magistro Carmelo , Ferrari Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimDespite the suggested potential benefit of complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right‐sided colon cancer (RCC) for patient survival, concerns about its safety and feasibility have contributed to delayed acceptance of the procedure, especially when performed by a minimally invasive approach. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the actual learning curve (LC) of laparoscopic CME for experienced colorectal surgeons.MethodProspectively collected data for consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic CME for RCC between October 2015 and January 2021 at our institution, operated on by experienced surgeons, were analysed. A multidimensional assessment of the LC was performed through cumulative sum (CUSUM) and risk‐adjusted (RA) CUSUM analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and two patients operated by on by three surgeons were considered. The CUSUM graphs based on operating time showed one peak of the curve between 17 and 27 cases. The CUSUM graphs based on surgical failure showed one peak of the curve between 20 and 24 cases The RA‐CUSUM curve also showed one preeminent peak at 24–33 cases. Based on the CUSUM and RA‐CUSUM analyses all the surgeons reached proficiency in 24–33 cases.ConclusionsOur study showed that an experienced minimally invasive colorectal surgeon acquires proficiency in laparoscopic CME for RCC after performing 24–33 cases.
Technocracy in a time of changing values: Wildlife conservation and the “relevancy” of governance reform
Authors: Sullivan Leeann M. , Manfredo Michael J. , Teel Tara L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCalls for organizational change have pervaded wildlife conservation in recent decades, driven by a shift in values that is reshaping the social landscape of wildlife management. As this process unfolds, wildlife agencies in North America seek new ways to remain relevant, focusing primarily on how they might expand support for their ongoing work. Less attention, however, has been given to expanding opportunities for a value‐diverse public to directly shape what that work might entail. As citizen ballot initiatives, lawsuits, and other forms of political intervention continue to complicate wildlife management, we ask whether agencies—who have historically shied away from value‐based conflict in pursuit of apolitical scientific management—can remain relevant without fundamental changes to their governance structures. Using data from a 2018 survey of wildlife values among the American public (n = 24,393) and state wildlife agency employees (n = 10,191), we explore the extent to which public values are mirrored within wildlife agencies and examine the implications of a “values gap” on the long‐term sustainability of technocratic wildlife management. Findings suggest that as the public's perspectives on wildlife conservation change, governance reform may become a growing area of focus in the years ahead.
Reenvisioning the university education needs of wildlife conservation professionals in the United States
Authors: Teel Tara L. , Bruyere Brett , Dayer Ashley , Stoner Kathryn E. , Bishop Chad , Bruskotter Jeremy , Freeman Stephanie , Newmark Jennifer , Jager Corey , Manfredo Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe future viability of wildlife conservation in the United States hinges on the field's ability to adapt to changing social–ecological conditions including shifting societal values and mounting pressures to engage a greater diversity of voices in decision‐making. As wildlife agencies respond to calls to broaden their relevance amid such changes, there is a need to consider the role of university education programs in preparing future wildlife professionals to meet the challenges of this new era. We identify four core areas of competency (technical, leadership, administrative, and adaptive) for universities to consider integrating into new or existing programs to support the emergent needs of the wildlife profession. We focus on undergraduate degree programs as a critical foundation for wildlife‐related careers but also recommend consideration of these skill sets in other areas of professional development including graduate education. Our approach acknowledges the importance of building on traditional areas of expertise such as biology and expanding them to include more interdisciplinary training in areas such as systems approaches, the social sciences, and organizational change. We conclude with recommendations for implementation, highlighting several successful examples, for universities to contemplate as they explore programmatic changes to help build greater capacity for wildlife conservation in the 21st century.
Evaluating an Aboriginal community controlled residential alcohol and other drug services: Use of benchmarking to examine within treatment changes in wellbeing
Authors: Kelly Peter J. , Coyte Joe , Robinson Laura D. , Deane Frank P. , Russell Sophie , Clapham Kathleen , Dale Elizabeth , Longbottom Marlene , Solley Ryan , Baker Amanda L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionAboriginal Community Controlled Organisations (ACCO) have an important role in the Australian health‐care sector. However, there has been a lack of research evaluating ACCOs in the treatment of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use. Using a benchmarking approach, the present study examined within treatment changes on measures of wellbeing for people attending a residential AOD ACCO.MethodsThe study focused on The Glen, an AOD residential treatment service that is managed by the Ngaimpe Aboriginal Corporation (n = 775). The Glen is a male‐only service and provides treatment to both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous men. The evaluation focused on measures of wellbeing (i.e. symptom distress and quality of life) collected at intake, 30 and 60 days during the person's stay. Comparative benchmarking was conducted with a cohort of men who were attending non‐ACCO residential AOD treatment services (n = 4457).ResultsThe Glen participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements on measures of wellbeing. The Glen participants were more likely to complete treatment than participants attending non‐ACCO services. Likewise, Indigenous people attending The Glen were more likely to complete treatment (compared to Indigenous people attending non‐ACCO services). Rates of reliable and clinically significant change suggested that changes in quality of life were largely equivalent between The Glen and non‐ACCO services, while participants attending The Glen tended to demonstrate larger reductions in symptom distress compared to the non‐ACCO services.Discussion and ConclusionThe study provides further support for the important role that ACCOs play in supporting Indigenous people in their recovery.
Correlates of e‐cigarette use before and after comprehensive regulatory changes and e‐liquid flavour ban among general population
Authors: Ruokolainen Otto , Ollila Hanna , Karjalainen Karoliina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn 2016, the Finnish Tobacco Act was revised to harmonise e‐cigarette regulations with the EU Tobacco Products Directive. Unlike before, the sale of nicotine‐containing e‐liquids was allowed while additional national regulations included, for example, a ban for other than unflavoured and tobacco‐flavoured e‐liquids. This study examines the correlates of e‐cigarette use before and after the comprehensive regulatory change, and characteristics and correlates of flavoured e‐cigarette use after the flavour ban in the general Finnish population.MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional population‐based drug surveys for 15–69‐year‐olds in 2014 (n = 3485; 50% response rate) and in 2018 (n = 3229; 46%). Correlates of e‐cigarette use were studied with logistic regression models.ResultsCurrent e‐cigarette use remained infrequent (approximately 2%) and the correlates of e‐cigarette use varied only slightly between the study years. In 2018, of past‐year e‐cigarette users (n = 316), 43% used unflavoured e‐liquids, 24% used tobacco and 43% used other flavours, fruits being the most common. In univariate models, demographic variables, smoking and e‐cigarette use‐related factors were associated with flavoured e‐cigarette use. In multivariable models, those who used e‐cigarettes to experiment used unflavoured e‐cigarettes more likely than other than tobacco flavours (odds ratio 3.00, 95% confidence interval 1.15–7.82).Discussion and ConclusionsIn Finland, the regulated entry of nicotine‐containing e‐liquids to retail sales has not led to increased e‐cigarette use in the general population. After the flavour ban, other than tobacco‐flavoured e‐cigarette use still occurs. The use of flavoured e‐cigarettes is associated with reasons for e‐cigarette use. Flavoured e‐cigarette use and its correlates warrant further monitoring.
Clinico‐radiological characteristics of anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated autoimmune encephalitis in children
Authors: Han Ji Yeon , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Hunmin , Hwang Hee , Choi Jieun , Chae Jong‐Hee , Kim Ki Joong , Cheon Jung‐Eun , Lim Byung Chan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical characteristics and prevalence of paediatric anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated autoimmune encephalitis.MethodA total of 94 paediatric patients (46 males, 48 females, median age 9 years 5 months, range: 8 months–17 years 8 months) with autoimmune encephalitis were recruited at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. We evaluated autoantibody status and identified patients with anti‐MOG antibody‐associated autoimmune encephalitis. Retrospective reviews of medical records were performed to describe clinical presentations, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes.ResultsEight patients (five males, three females, median age 11 years 9 months) with anti‐MOG antibody‐associated encephalitis were identified (8.5% of those with autoimmune encephalitis), one of whom was copositive for anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies. Anti‐NMDAR antibodies were identified in 23 patients (23 out of 94, 24.5%). Unilateral or bilateral cortical involvement was identified in five patients. Focal contrast enhancement was also identified in three of the five patients with cortical lesions. All patients showed favourable response to immunotherapy with a Modified Rankin Scale ≤2 at the last follow‐up. Relapse was found in one patient and clinico‐radiological remission was achieved with cyclic intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.InterpretationAnti‐MOG antibody‐associated encephalitis accounts for a significant proportion of clinically defined paediatric patients with autoimmune encephalitis. Anti‐MOG antibody‐associated encephalitis should be included in the clinical spectrum of anti‐MOG‐associated diseases.
A pilot study of a mindfulness informed yoga intervention in young people with psychosis
Authors: O'Dea Destiny , Curtis Jackie , Scully Alana , Lappin Julia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the acceptability and safety of a mindfulness informed yoga intervention as adjunct to usual care for young people with early psychosis.MethodsPeople aged 16–25 years attending a community‐based specialist early psychosis clinic were invited to participate in a 12‐week yoga intervention. The intervention consisted of 1‐h weekly classes of mindfulness informed yoga. Acceptability was measured by uptake, attendance and participants' satisfaction. Safety was measured by incidence of physical injury, participants' level of comfort, distress and anxiety during the sessions, and the following mental health outcomes: positive and negative psychotic, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, sleep quality and functioning.ResultsOf those who consented to the study, 80% (12) participated and on average attended 4.4 yoga classes. There were no physical injuries and participants reported minimal distress and anxiety. Post‐intervention, there was a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms and an improvement in function.ConclusionsMindfulness‐based yoga interventions are both acceptable and safe as an intervention for youth with early psychosis. Though numbers were small, the study shows promise for yoga as a potentially useful intervention. Importantly, there was no deterioration in mental health outcomes. A larger trial evaluating clinical effectiveness is now timely.
Detection of risk for future depression among adolescents: Stakeholder views of acceptability and feasibility in the United Kingdom
Authors: Burgess Abigail , Wahid Syed Shabab , Ottman Katherine , Kieling Christian , Mondelli Valeria , Kohrt Brandon A. , Fisher Helen L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAim: Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses globally and a leading cause of disability. It is often established by late adolescence and thus identifying which adolescents are most at risk is crucial to enable early intervention to prevent depression onset. We have previously developed a risk calculator to stratify which adolescents are at high risk of developing depression and in this study explore the views of stakeholders to ascertain the acceptability and feasibility of implementing such a tool in the UK.Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 60 UK‐based stakeholders (12 healthcare workers, 12 social workers, 12 school workers, 12 policymakers and 12 parents). Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed drawing on framework analysis techniques in NVivo 12.Results: Six overarching themes were identified: facilitators of acceptability; barriers to acceptability; role of stakeholders in implementing risk screening; feasibility of delivering the risk calculator in practice; barriers to implementation; and policy and system implications of using it in the current UK health and social care climate. The implementation of a depression risk calculator in the UK was seen as largely acceptable and feasible by most respondents. There was a strong emphasis on the utility of schools to implement this risk calculator, although it was recognized that training and support would be essential.Conclusions: Stakeholders were generally positive about utilizing a tool to screen for risk of future depression among adolescents in the UK but raised important concerns which should be taken into account before implementation.
Application of 3D‐printed teeth models in teaching dentistry students: A scoping review
Authors: Dobroś Katarzyna , Hajto‐Bryk Justyna , Zarzecka Joanna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionBoth regular teaching of dentistry students and various training schemes for dentists primarily make use of the series teeth models, resin blocks or extracted teeth, whereas the 3D teeth models may well offer an alternative in this respect.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched in September 2020. Eligibility of the studies was determined on whether they had made use of the 3D‐printed teeth models in both pre‐ and post‐graduate education in dentistry.ResultsThe final review embraced 15 studies. There were 659 (89.54%) student participants, and 77 (10.46%) dentists involved in those studies. Five studies addressed the prosthetic and surgical procedures, two—endodontics, one—paediatric dentistry and one—trauma management. The 3D‐printed models were also used in the study focused on enhancing the students’ manual dexterity, whilst making use of the PhantHome tool.DiscussionThe 3D‐printed teeth models developed for teaching purposes are used in various areas of dentistry. Their overall usefulness in acquiring the necessary hands‐on skills for clinical work was acknowledged in all the studies under review, regardless of a specific procedure at issue. The 3D models effectively eliminate the hazard of cross‐infection. Overall effectiveness of the soft tissue reproduction appears to be their weakest point indicated to date, especially in the surgical models.ConclusionsThe 3D‐printed teeth models provide an alternative to the extracted ones, and the series teeth models in regular teaching practice. Participants of the studies under review thoroughly recommend introducing 3D models into any hands‐on practice.
Soil carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation: Mineralization kinetics of organic inputs as an overlooked limitation
Authors: Berthelin Jacques , Laba Magdeline , Lemaire Gilles , Powlson David , Tessier Daniel , Wander Michelle , Baveye Philippe C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last few years, the question of whether soil carbon sequestration could contribute significantly to climate change mitigation has been the object of numerous debates. All of these debates so far appear to have entirely overlooked a crucial aspect of the question. It concerns the short‐term mineralization kinetics of fresh organic matter added to soils, which is occasionally alluded to in the literature, but is almost always subsumed in a broader modelling context. In the present article, we first summarise what is currently known about the kinetics of mineralization of plant residues added to soils, and about its modelling in the long run. We then argue that in the short run, this microbially‐mediated process has important practical consequences that cannot be ignored. Specifically, since at least 90% of plant residues added to soils to increase their carbon content over the long term are mineralized relatively rapidly and are released as CO2to the atmosphere, farmers would have to apply to their fields 10 times more organic carbon annually than what they would eventually expect to sequester. Over time, because of a well‐known sink saturation effect, the multiplier may even rise significantly above 10, up to a point when no net carbon sequestration takes place any longer. The requirement to add many times more carbon than what one aims to sequester makes it practically impossible to add sufficient amounts of crop residues to soils to have a lasting, non‐negligible effect on climate change. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that raising the organic matter content of soils is desirable for other reasons, in particular guaranteeing that soils will be able to keep fulfilling essential functions and services in spite of fast‐changing environmental conditions.HighlightsAttempts to promote soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change have so far ignored the short‐term effects of the mineralization of plant residues added to soils.Only about 10%, at most, of added plan residues remain in soils after mineralization by soil organisms.To have a significant effect on climate change, farmers would need to add impractically large amounts of plant residues, requiring unrealistic nitrogen inputs.Therefore, rather than as a mitigation strategy, farmers should aim to increase the carbon content of soils to make them resilient to climate change.
Sexual dimorphism in immune function and oxidative physiology across birds: The role of sexual selection
Authors: Vincze Orsolya , Vágási Csongor I. , Pénzes Janka , Szabó Krisztián , Magonyi Nóra M. , Czirják Gábor Á. , Pap Péter L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSex‐specific physiology is commonly reported in animals, often indicating lower immune indices and higher oxidative stress in males than in females. Sexual selection is argued to explain these differences, but empirical evidence is limited. Here, we explore sex differences in immunity, oxidative physiology and packed cell volume of wild, adult, breeding birds (97 species, 1997 individuals, 14 230 physiological measurements). We show that higher female immune indices are most common across birds (when bias is present), but oxidative physiology shows no general sex‐bias and packed cell volume is generally male‐biased. In contrast with predictions based on sexual selection, male‐biased sexual size dimorphism is associated with male‐biased immune measures. Sexual dichromatism, mating system and parental roles had no effect on sex‐specificity in physiology. Importantly, female‐biased immunity remained after accounting for sexual selection indices. We conclude that cross‐species differences in physiological sex‐bias are largely unrelated to sexual selection and alternative explanations should be explored.