bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration of Exendin-4 but not CCK alters lick responses and trial initiation to sucrose and intralipid during brief-access tests
Authors: Treesukosol Yada , Moran Timothy H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) or the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) reduces food intake. Findings in the literature suggest CCK reduces intake primarily as a satiety signal whereas GLP-1 may play a role in both satiety and reward-related feeding signals. Compounds that humans describe as “sweet” and “fatty” are palatable yet are signaled via separate transduction pathways. Here, unconditioned lick responses to sucrose and intralipid were measured in a brief-access lick procedure in food-restricted male rats in response to i.p. administration of Ex-4 (3 h before test), CCK (30 min before test), or a combination of both. The current experimental design measures lick responses to water and varying concentrations of both sucrose (0.03, 0.1, and 0.5 M) and intralipid (0.2%, 2%, and 20%) during 10-s trials across a 30-min single test session. This design minimized postingestive influences. Compared with saline-injected controls, CCK (1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 µg/kg) did not change lick responses to sucrose or intralipid. Number of trials initiated and lick responses to both sucrose and intralipid were reduced in rats injected with 3.0 µg/kg, but not 1.0 µg/kg Ex-4. The supplement of CCK did not alter lick responses or trials initiated compared with Ex-4 administration alone. These findings support a role for GLP-1 but not CCK in the oral responsiveness to palatable stimuli. Furthermore, Ex-4-induced reductions were observed for both sucrose and intralipid, compounds representing “sweet” and “fat,” respectively.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance presenting with cryoglobulinaemia type I associated severe thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Hesius Eva , Bunthof Kim , Steenbergen Eric , de Kort Elizabeth , Klein Inge , Wetzels Jack 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe report a 53-year-old man who presented with acute renal failure. His medical history revealed a spondyloarthropathy, for which secukinumab was started recently, and a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. Kidney function deteriorated despite the withdrawal of secukinumab and dialysis was started. In the serum, type 1 cryoglobulins were present and a kidney biopsy showed ischaemic glomeruli, with thrombosis of the larger interlobular arteries. Other causes of thrombotic microangiopathy were excluded. Bone marrow immunophenotyping showed 1% monoclonal plasma cells. A diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance was made. Haematological treatment resulted in haematological and renal response.
MicroRNA childhood cancer catalog (M3Cs): a resource for translational bioinformatics toward health informatics in pediatric cancer
Authors: Rashed Wafaa M , Adel Fatima , Rezk Mohamed A , Basiouny Lina , Rezk Ahmed A , Abdel-Razek Ahmed H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
MicroRNA childhood Cancer Catalog (M3Cs) is a high-quality curated collection of published miRNA research studies on 16 pediatric cancer diseases. M3Cs scope was based on two approaches: data-driven clinical significance and data-driven human pediatric cell line models. Based on the translational bioinformatics spectrum, the main objective of this study is to bring miRNA research into clinical significance in both pediatric cancer patient care and drug discovery toward health informatics in childhood cancer. M3Cs development passed through three phases: 1. Literature Mining: It includes external database search and screening. 2. Data processing that includes three steps: (a) Data Extraction, (b) Data Curation and annotation, (c) Web Development. 3. Publishing: Shinyapps.io was used as a web interface for the deployment of M3Cs. M3Cs is now available online and can be accessed through https://m3cs.shinyapps.io/M3Cs/. For data-driven clinical significance approach, 538 miRNAs from 268 publications were reported in the clinical domain while 7 miRNAs from 5 publications were reported in the clinical & drug domain. For data-driven human pediatric cell line models approach, 538 miRNAs from 1268 publications were reported in the cell line domain while 211 miRNAs from 177 publications in the cell line & drug domain. M3Cs acted to fill the gap by applying translational bioinformatics general pathway to transfer data-driven research toward data-driven clinical care and/or hypothesis generation. Aggregated and well-curated data of M3Cs will enable stakeholders in health care to incorporate miRNA in the clinical policy.
Database URL:https://m3cs.shinyapps.io/M3Cs/
Prognostic Value of Colonic Tissue and Blood Eosinophils in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Haasnoot Maria L , Mookhoek Aart , Duijvestein Marjolijn , D’Haens Geert R A M , Bredenoord Albert J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
It has been suggested that eosinophils may be a prognostic marker of disease outcome in ulcerative colitis (UC), but conflicting data exist. The objective was to investigate the extent of mucosal eosinophils and peripheral blood eosinophil count in newly diagnosed UC patients and to investigate its predictive value in short- and long-term disease outcomes.

Methods
The degree of eosinophilia in baseline colonic biopsies and blood of newly diagnosed UC patients was retrospectively analyzed. It was investigated if tissue and blood eosinophilia could be a marker of a severe phenotype of UC, defined as the need for corticosteroids or immunomodulators in the first year or treatment with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or colectomy during follow-up. Time to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and time to colectomy were also evaluated as outcomes.

Results
There were 103 UC patients (median age 26 years) included. Median tissue peak eosinophil count (PEC) was 70.0 and median peripheral blood eosinophil count was 0.3 × 109/L at diagnosis. Tissue PEC (r = -0.161, P = .104) and blood eosinophil count (r = 0.022, P = .877) were not correlated with the severity of histologic inflammation. Logistic regression analyses did not identify PEC and blood eosinophil count as predictors of more severe disease outcomes. Tissue PEC and peripheral blood eosinophil count did not predict the time the initiation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or colectomy.

Conclusion
Baseline tissue or peripheral blood eosinophils are not markers of disease activity and cannot be used as a predictor of severe disease outcomes in both adults and children with UC.
Bias in Text Analysis for International Relations Research
Authors: Windsor Leah C 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow international is political text-analysis research? In computational text analysis, corpus selection skews heavily toward English-language sources and reflects a Western bias that influences the scope, interpretation, and generalizability of research on international politics. For example, corpus selection bias can affect our understanding of alliances and alignments, internal dynamics of authoritarian regimes, durability of treaties, the onset of genocide, and the formation and dissolution of non-state actor groups. Yet, there are issues along the entire “value chain” of corpus production that affect research outcomes and the conclusions we draw about things in the world. I identify three issues in the data-generating process pertaining to discourse analysis of political phenomena: information deficiencies that lead to corpus selection and analysis bias; problems regarding document preparation, such as the availability and quality of corpora from non-English sources; and gaps in the linguist analysis pipeline. Short-term interventions for incentivizing this agenda include special journal issues, conference workshops, and mentoring and training students in international relations in this methodology. Longer term solutions to these issues include promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, training students in computational discourse methods, promoting foreign language proficiency, and co-authorship across global regions that may help scholars to learn more about global problems through primary documents.
A tribute to Karen Greenwood and her contributions to the American Medical Informatics Association
Authors: Lehmann Christoph U , Brennan Patricia F , Detmer Don E , Jackson Gretchen P , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Safran Charles , Williamson Jeffrey J , Shortliffe Edward H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After 25 years of service to the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), Ms Karen Greenwood, the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, is leaving the organization. In this perspective, we reflect on her accomplishments and her effect on the organization and the field of informatics nationally and globally. We also express our appreciation and gratitude for Ms Greenwood’s role at AMIA.
The effect of reduced CP, synthetic amino acid supplemented diets on growth performance and nutrient excretion in wean to Finish swine
Authors: Vonderohe Caitlin E , Mills Kayla M , Liu Shule , Asmus Matthew D , Otto-Tice Emily R , Richert Brian T , Ni Ji-Qin , Radcliffe John Scott 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mixed sex pigs (n = 720) were placed in 12 rooms (Purdue Swine Environmental Research Building) to measure the effect of reduced crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA)-supplemented diets on growth and the carcass. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and gender and allotted to room and pen (10 mixed-sex pigs/pen). Pigs were fed a nine-phase, wean-finish program. Control pigs consumed corn-soybean meal-distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diets containing no to minimal (Met) synthetic AA. The 2X diet was formulated to meet the seventh most-limiting AA, and balanced using synthetic AAs to meet all AA needs. The 1X diet was formulated to meet a CP value halfway between the control and 2X diet, and also balanced using synthetic AAs to meet all AA needs. Diets were formulated to identical net energy concentrations and balanced to meet standard ileal digestible NRC 2012 AA requirements. Pit vacuum samples were collected at the end of each growth phase for analyses of nitrogen, C and dry matter (DM). Pigs fed the Control and 1X diet grew faster (P &lt; 0.005), had greater gain:feed (P &lt; 0.001), and were heavier at market (P &lt; 0.001) than animals fed the 2X diet. No consistent effects of diet were observed on average daily feed intake. Carcass data were analyzed for sex, diet and sex*diet effects. Reductions in dietary CP resulted in a linear reduction in ammonium nitrogen excretion per kg of BW gain in Nursery (P &lt; 0.001) and Grow-Finish (P &lt; 0.001) phases. Reductions in dietary CP, with synthetic AA supplementation resulted in a linear reduction in total nitrogen excreted per kg BW gain in the Grow-Finish phase (P &lt; 0.001) and overall (P &lt; 0.001). Total mineral excretion per kg gain was reduced in pigs fed 1X and 2X diets compared with control-fed pigs (P &lt; 0.005). Reductions in dietary CP of ~3 and 5%-units from wean-finish result in reductions of total N excretion of 11.7 and 24.4%, respectively. Reduced performance and carcass characteristics observed in pigs fed the 2X diets indicates an inaccurate estimate of NRC 2012 AA requirements or ratios to lysine in a low CP diet.
Toxicological Analysis of Fluorofentanyl Isomers in Postmortem Blood
Authors: Truver Michael T , Chronister Chris W , Kinsey Amy M , Hoyer Jennifer L , Goldberger Bruce A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The opioid epidemic continues to evolve in the USA, with fentanyl the most prevalent synthetic opioid in fatal drug overdoses. Following the scheduling of fentanyl’s core structure in 2018, there was a notable decline in the prevalence of fentanyl analogs in decedents; however, fluorofentanyl began being reported in casework in the winter of 2020. Fluorofentanyl has three positional isomers (para-fluorofentanyl (p-FF), ortho-fluorofentanyl (o-FF) and meta-fluorofentanyl (m-FF)), with the most predominant isomer that has recently emerged in the USA being p-FF. The goal of this study was to identify p-FF in postmortem cases between October 2020 and April 2021. Urine and blood were extracted using UCT Clean Screen® extraction columns and then screened using an Agilent 1290 Infinity liquid chromatograph (LC) coupled to an Agilent 6545 accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) and quantified using an Agilent 6890N GC system coupled with an Agilent 5973 MS. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for fentanyl, acetyl fentanyl, butyryl fentanyl, p-FF, o-FF and m-FF was 2.5 ng/mL. The screening method could not differentiate the three positional isomers of fluorofentanyl. Suspected overdose cases (n = 370) received from October 2020 through April 2021 from four Medical Examiner Districts in the state of Florida were analyzed for the presence of fluorofentanyl. The LC–QTOF-MS screen yielded 27 decedents positive for fluorofentanyl, with a majority being Caucasian (93%) and male (70%) with ages ranging from 27 to 63 years. Analysis of the blood and urine by GC–MS yielded 14 decedents positive for p-FF, nine of which were positive in the blood. The blood concentrations (n = 9) for p-FF ranged from &lt;LOQ to 30 ng/mL, with an average and median of 9.9 ng/mL and 5.5 ng/mL, respectively. p-FF was identified in the blood of 33% of the cases, and the concentration of p-FF was generally higher than previously reported.
Two Single-Drug Fatal Intoxications by Mitragynine
Authors: Behonick George S , Vu Christina , Czarnecki Larry , El-Ters Maisie , Shanks Kevin G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mitragyna speciosa, a species of plant that is native to Thailand, Malaysia and Southeast Asia, contains two major psychoactive alkaloids: mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Pharmacologically, the alkaloids exhibit biphasic effects—at low doses, stimulant effects are realized, while high doses exhibit sedative effects. For years, the plant has been used recreationally and medicinally for these effects, but its use has been implicated in and associated with intoxications and deaths. In this case report, we describe two cases whereby decedents presented with single-substance fatal intoxications by mitragynine in the absence of other postmortem toxicological findings. The cases entail young male decedents in outdoor settings (e.g., driving a vehicle and bicycle). Postmortem blood concentrations were 2,325 and 3,809 ng/mL. The medical examiner certified the cause of death as acute mitragynine intoxication in both cases. The toxicology results presented become useful when considering mitragynine to be the offending agent in lethal single-drug intoxications; further, the information included is pertinent to medical examiners, forensic pathologists, forensic toxicologists and emergency department personnel in evaluating possible poisoning and lethality by mitragynine.
Access to High-Volume Hospitals for High-Risk Cancer Surgery for Racial and Ethnic Minoritized Groups
Authors: Salazar Michelle C , Canavan Maureen E , Holaday Louisa W , Billingsley Kevin G , Ross Joseph , Boffa Daniel J , Gross Cary P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-volume hospitals have been associated with better outcomes for high-risk cancer surgeries, although concerns exist concerning inequitable access to these high-volume hospitals. We assessed tendencies in access to high-volume hospitals for 4 (lung, pancreatic, rectal, esophageal) high-risk cancer surgeries for Black and Hispanic patients in the National Cancer Database. Hospitals were classified as high volume according to Leapfrog Group volume thresholds. Odds of accessing high-volume hospitals increased over time for Black and Hispanic patients for 3 surgeries, but Black patients had lower probabilities of undergoing a pancreatectomy, proctectomy, or esophagectomy at high-volume hospitals than non-Black patients (eg, 2016 pancreatectomy rate: 49.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 45.4% to 52.5%] vs 62.3% [95% CI = 61.1% to 63.5%]). Although for Hispanics the gap narrowed for lung resection and pancreatectomy, these populations continued to have lower probabilities of accessing high-volume hospitals than non-Hispanic patients (eg, 2016 pancreatectomy: 48.8% [95% CI = 44.1% to 53.5%] vs 61.6% [95% CI = 60.5% to 62.8%]). Despite increased access to high-volume hospitals for high-risk cancer surgeries, ongoing efforts to improve equity in access are needed.
On the recurrence times of neutron star X-ray binary transients and the nature of the Galactic Centre quiescent X-ray binaries
Authors: Maccarone Thomas J , Degenaar Nathalie , Tetarenko Bailey E , Heinke Craig O , Wijnands Rudy , Sivakoff Gregory R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The presence of some X-ray sources in the Galactic Centre region which show variability, but do not show outbursts in over a decade of monitoring has been used to argue for the presence of a large population of stellar mass black holes in this region. A core element of the arguments that these objects are accreting black holes is the claim that neutron stars (NSs) in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) do not have long transient recurrence times. We demonstrate in this paper that about half of the known transient LMXBs with clear signatures for NS primaries have recurrence times in excess of a decade for outbursts at the sensitivity of MAXI. We furthermore show that, in order to reconcile the expected total population of NS LMXBs with the observed one and with the millisecond radio pulsar (MSRP) population of the Galaxy, systems with recurrence times well in excess of a century for outbursts detectable by instruments like MAXI must be the dominant population of NS LMXBs, and that few of these systems have yet been discovered.
An extended stellar halo discovered in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal using Gaia EDR3
Authors: Yang Yanbin , Hammer François , Jiao Yongjun , Pawlowski Marcel S 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We have studied the extent of the Red Giant Branch stellar population in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy using the spatially extended and homogeneous data set from Gaia EDR3. Our pre-selection of stars belonging to Fornax is based on their proper motions, parallaxes, and colour–magnitude diagram. The latter criteria provide a Fornax star sample, which we further restrict by colour and magnitude to eliminate contaminations due to either Milky Way stars or QSOs. The precision of the data has been sufficient to reach extremely small contaminations (0.02–0.3 per cent), allowing us to reach to a background level 12 magnitudes deeper than the central surface brightness of Fornax. We discover a break in the density profile, which reveals the presence of an additional component that extents 2.1 degree in radius, i.e. 5.4 kpc, and almost seven times the half-light radius of Fornax. The extended new component represents 10 per cent of the stellar mass of Fornax, and behaves like an extended halo. The absence of tidally elongated features at such an unprecedented depth (equivalent to 37.94 ± 0.16 mag arcsec−2 in V-band) rules out a possible role of tidal stripping. We instead suggest that Fornax is likely at first infall, and has lost its gas very recently, which consequently leads to a lack of gravity implying that residual stars have spherically expanded to form the newly discovered stellar halo of Fornax.
An APEX search for carbon emission from NGC 1977 proplyds
Authors: Haworth Thomas J , Kim Jinyoung S , Qiao Lin , Winter Andrew J , Williams Jonathan P , Clarke Cathie J , Owen James E , Facchini Stefano , Ansdell Megan , Kama Mikhel , Ballabio Giulia 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope to search for C I 1-0 (492.16 GHz) emission towards eight proplyds in NGC 1977, which is an FUV radiation environment two orders of magnitude weaker than that irradiating the Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC) proplyds. C I is expected to enable us to probe the wind launching region of externally photo-evaporating discs. Of the eight targets observed, no 3σ detections of the C I line were made despite reaching sensitivities deeper than the anticipated requirement for detection from prior APEX CI observations of nearby discs and models of external photo-evaporation of quite massive discs. By comparing both the proplyd mass loss rates and C I flux constraints with a large grid of external photo-evaporation simulations, we determine that the non-detections are in fact fully consistent with the models if the proplyd discs are very low mass. Deeper observations in C I and probes of the disc mass with other tracers (e.g. in the continuum and CO) can test this. If such a test finds higher masses, this would imply carbon depletion in the outer disc, as has been proposed for other discs with surprisingly low C I fluxes, though more massive discs would also be incompatible with models that can explain the observed mass loss rates and C I non-detections. The expected remaining lifetimes of the proplyds are estimated to be similar to those of proplyds in the ONC at 0.1 Myr. Rapid destruction of discs is therefore also a feature of common, intermediate UV environments.
CHANG-ES – XXVII. A radio/X-ray catalogue of compact sources in and around edge-on galaxies
Authors: Irwin Judith , Dyer Jacqueline , Drake Leonardo , Wang Q Daniel , Stil Jeroen , Stein Yelena , English Jayanne , Wiegert Theresa 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present catalogues of discrete, compact radio sources in and around the discs of 35 edge-on galaxies in the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies – an EVLA Survey. The sources were extracted using the pybdsf program at both 1.6 GHz (L band) and 6.0 GHz (C band) from matching resolution (≈3 arcsec) data. We also present catalogues of X-ray sources from Chandra data sets for 27 of the galaxies. The sources at the two radio frequency bands were positionally cross-correlated with each other, and the result cross-correlated with the X-ray sources. All catalogues are included for download with this paper. We detect a total of 2507 sources at L band and 1413 sources at C band. 75 sources have been successfully cross-correlated in both radio bands plus X-ray. Three new nuclear sources are candidates for low luminosity active galactic nuclei in NGC 3877, NGC 4192, and NGC 5792; the one in NGC 3877 also appears to be variable. We also find new nuclear sources in two companion galaxies: NGC 4435 (companion to NGC 4438) and NGC 4298 (companion to NGC 4302). We have also discovered what appears to be a foreground double star; each star has X-ray emission and there is radio emission at both L band and C band in between them. This could be a colliding wind binary system. Suggestions for follow-up studies are offered.