bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of hospital outcomes in patients tracheostomized for complex mechanical ventilation weaning
Authors: Cabrio Davy , Vesin Timothée , Lupieri Ermes , Messet Hélène , Sandu Kishore , Piquilloud Lise 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheostomy is often performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) when mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning is prolonged to facilitate daily care. Tracheostomized patients require important healthcare resources and have poor long-term prognosis after the ICU. However, data lacks regarding prediction of outcomes at hospital discharge. We looked for patients’ characteristics, ventilation parameters, sedation and analgesia use (pre-tracheostomy) that are associated with favorable and poor outcomes (post-tracheostomy) using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results
Eighty tracheostomized patients were included (28.8% women, 60 [52–71] years). Twenty-three (28.8%) patients were intubated for neurological reasons. Time from intubation to tracheostomy was 14.7 [10–20] days. Thirty patients (37.5%) had poor outcome (19 patients deceased and 11 still tracheostomized at hospital discharge). All patients discharged with tracheostomy (n = 11) were initially intubated for a neurological reason. In univariate logistic regressions, older age and higher body-mass index (BMI) were associated with poor outcome (OR 1.18 [1.07–1.32] and 1.04 [1.01–1.08], p < 0.001 and p = 0.025). No MV parameters were associated with poor outcome. In the multiple logistic regression model higher BMI and older age were also associated with poor outcome (OR 1.21 [1.09–1.36] and 1.04 [1.00–1.09], p < 0.001 and p = 0.046).

Conclusions
Hospital mortality of patients tracheostomized because of complex MV weaning was high. Patients intubated for neurological reasons were frequently discharged from the acute care hospital with tracheostomy in place. Both in univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, only BMI and older age were associated with poor outcome after tracheostomy for patients undergoing prolonged MV weaning.
Changes in bone mineral density after bariatric surgery in patients of different ages or patients with different postoperative periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ou Xiaodan , Chen Mingguang , Xu Lizhen , Lin Wei , Huang Huibin , Chen Gang , Wen Junping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) following bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with different bone sites, postoperative periods and ages. Twenty-two studies were included. Femoral neck (FN) BMD decreased after surgery (MD, − 0.05 g/cm2, CI − 0.10 to − 0.01, P = 0.03). Postoperative BMD decreased more in the FN and lumbar spine (LS) of patients older than 40 (FNBMD, − 0.07 g/cm2, CI − 0.13 to − 0.00, P = 0.04; LSBMD, − 0.03 g/cm2, CI − 0.05 to − 0.00, P = 0.02) or patients with a postoperative time of greater than 12 months (FNBMD, − 0.06 g/cm2, CI − 0.12 to − 0.01, P = 0.03; LSMD, − 0.04 g/cm2, CI − 0.09 to 0.01, P = 0.12); therefore, post-BS bone loss should be monitored among patients in these groups. Longer follow-ups are needed to determine whether BMD changes or stabilizes.
“Not everyone can do this”: childcare context and the practice of skill in emotional labor
Authors: Malhotra Ragini Saira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScholarship remains divided about whether emotional labor is ‘skilled’. Interrogating gendered skill constructs that render emotions in work invisible, I examine two organizational contexts in the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) sector: family and center-based care. I draw from 43 interviews, primarily with Latina and White women workers, reflecting feminized and racialized workplaces. I also draw from ethnographic and observational data. Challenging the particular devaluation of family-based care, findings reveal that the practice of skill in emotional labor is organizationally shaped across less and more institutionalized forms of ECEC. Examining worker critiques of professionalization norms and credential-based skill metrics, autonomy is also identified as a pre-requisite for embodied, tacit and discretionary skills in the emotional labor of ECEC.
Ultrasound joint examination by an automated system versus by a rheumatologist: from a patient perspective
Authors: Frederiksen Bill Aplin , Schousboe Maja , Terslev Lene , Iversen Nikolaj , Lindegaard Hanne , Savarimuthu Thiusius Rajeeth , Just Søren Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Arthritis Ultrasound Robot (ARTHUR) is an automated system for ultrasound scanning of the joints of both hands and wrists, with subsequent disease activity scoring using artificial intelligence. The objective was to describe the patient’s perspective of being examined by ARTHUR, compared to an ultrasound examination by a rheumatologist. Further, to register any safety issues with the use of ARTHUR.

Methods
Twenty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had both hands and wrists examined by ultrasound, first by a rheumatologist and subsequently by ARTHUR. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were obtained after the examination by the rheumatologist and by ARTHUR. PROs regarding pain, discomfort and overall experience were collected, including willingness to be examined again by ARTHUR as part of future clinical follow-up. All ARTHUR examinations were observed for safety issues.

Results
There was no difference in pain or discomfort between the examination by a rheumatologist and by ARTHUR (p = 0.29 and p = 0.20, respectively). The overall experience of ARTHUR was described as very good or good by 92% (n = 23), with no difference compared to the examination by the rheumatologist (p = 0.50). All (n = 25) patients were willing to be examined by ARTHUR again, and 92% (n = 23) would accept ARTHUR as a regular part of their RA clinical follow up. No safety issues were registered.

Conclusions
Joint ultrasound examination by ARTHUR was safe and well-received, with no difference in PRO components compared to ultrasound examination by a rheumatologist. Fully automated systems for RA disease activity assessment could be important in future strategies for managing RA patients.
Trial registration: The study was evaluated by the regional ethics committee (ID: S-20200145), which ruled it was not a clinical trial necessary for their approval. It was a quality assessment project, as there was no intervention to the patient. The study was hereafter submitted and registered to Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark as a quality assessment project and approved (ID: 20/55294).
Systemic therapy response evaluation in prostate carcinoma with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Kucuker Kadir Alper , Yapar Zeynep , Guney Isa Burak , Paydas Semra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsensus statements was published by EAU and EANM to clarify some uncertainties on PSMA PET/CT response assessment in 2020. We aimed to investigate the response criteria for PSMA PET/CT according to published criteria by comparing with serum PSA changes and determine the factors affecting therapy response evaluation.ResultsA high concordance was found between [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and serum PSA responses and 0.84 of Gamma coefficient was obtained. Between concordant and discordant group, statistically significant difference was not found in terms of received therapies and castration resistance status. Statistically significant but low correlation was found between serum PSA and SUV values of prostate, moderate correlation was found serum PSA and SUVmax values of metastatic lymph nodes and bones.ConclusionsThe response evaluation of PSMA PET/CT according to the published criteria shows high concordance with serum PSA values without being affected by received therapies or castration resistance. This criteria can be used with contribution of serum PSA values in response evaluation of prostate cancer according to our results and literature data.
Post-traumatic stress disorder interventions for children and adolescents affected by war in low- and middle-income countries in the Middle East: systematic review
Authors: Alzaghoul Aseel F. , McKinlay Alison R. , Archer Marc 
Published: August 2022

Background
Millions of children and adolescents are exposed to wars, affecting their psychological well-being. This review focuses on psychosocial interventions in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Middle East, where mental health services are limited.

Aims
Our primary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of trial-assessed psychosocial interventions in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children and adolescents aged ≤18 years who were exposed to war in LMICs in the Middle East. Changes in other psychological conditions and symptoms were evaluated where reported.

Method
PubMed, Cochrane Library and Ovid were searched without year restriction, in December 2021. Previous review reference lists were also checked. Only studies published in English were included. Each study was evaluated for risk of bias and results are presented as a narrative synthesis.

Results
Three group-based interventions were identified and evaluated across six studies: ‘Teaching Recovery Techniques’, ‘Writing for Recovery’ and ‘Advancing Adolescents’. Two studies took place in post-war settings, and four in a context of ongoing conflict. Positive experiences and improved social skills were indicated following most interventions, but Teaching Recovery Techniques was the only programme associated with a statistically significant reduction in PTSD score. Differences in follow-up interval limited comparability of outcomes.

Conclusions
This review highlights a paucity of evidence for effective treatment options for children and adolescents affected by war from LMICs in the Middle East. Promising indications of reductions in PTSD symptoms, specifically from Teaching Recovery Techniques, require further rigorous evaluation and long-term follow-up.
Clinicopathology and Treatment Patterns of Head and Neck Cancers in Ethiopia
Authors: Fekadu Adugna , Rick Tara J. , Tigeneh Wondemagegnhu , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Incrocci Luca , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Head and neck cancers are the third most common cancers treated with radiation in Ethiopia. There is, however, a lack of published data on clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment patterns of head and neck cancers in the country. The objective of the study was to assess clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment patterns of head and neck cancers at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, which housed the only radiotherapy facility in Ethiopia during the study period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study design with a simple random sampling of histologically confirmed head and neck cancers treated from 2014 to 2017 with analysis of descriptive data. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one patient charts were analyzed in this study from a total population of 1,377 from the department cancer registry. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range, 26-59). The most common primary site of head and neck cancers was nasopharynx (128 of 321, 40%), and the major histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma (285 of 321, 89%). Majority of the cases had advanced disease (stage III-IVC, 221 of 251, 88%), but 92% had potentially curable disease (231 of 321). Cobalt radiotherapy was used for 67% of all patients receiving treatment (184 of 273). Induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy was frequently used for curative intent patients (75 of 231, 32%). There was long duration between diagnosis and initiation of treatment, with 56% (148 of 264) waiting longer than 3 months. CONCLUSION Majority of patients with head and neck cancers seen in Ethiopia presented at advanced stage of disease, received cobalt radiotherapy, and had protracted treatment initiation. These findings underscore the need for additional investments to improve research capacity and increase the availability of high-quality radiotherapy and supportive services to deliver optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer and other cancer patients in the country.
Phase II Study of Afatinib in Patients With Tumors With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Activating Mutations: Results From the National Cancer Institute–Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol EAY131-B
Authors: Bedard Philippe L. , Li Shuli , Wisinski Kari B. , Yang Eddy S. , Limaye Sewanti A. , Mitchell Edith P. , Zwiebel James A. , Moscow Jeffrey A. , Gray Robert J. , Wang Victoria , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Larry V. , Patton David R. , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanley R. , Conley Barbara A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE National Cancer Institute–Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice is a multicohort trial that assigns patients with advanced cancers to targeted therapies on the basis of central tumor genomic testing. Arm B evaluated afatinib, an ErbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with ERBB2-activating mutations. METHODS Eligible patients had selected ERBB2 single-nucleotide variants or insertions/deletions detected by the National Cancer Institute–Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice next-generation sequencing assay. Patients had performance status ≤ 1, left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%, grade ≤ 1 diarrhea, and no prior human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy. Patients received afatinib 40 mg once daily in 28-day cycles. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points were 6-month progression-free survival, overall survival, toxicity, and molecular correlates. RESULTS A total of 59 patients were assigned and 40 were enrolled. The median age was 62 years, 78% were female, 68% had performance status = 1, and 58% had received > 3 prior therapies. The confirmed ORR was 2.7% (n = 1 of 37; 90% CI, 0.14 to 12.2), and 6-month progression-free survival was 12.0% (90% CI, 5.6 to 25.8). A confirmed partial response occurred in a patient with adenocarcinoma of extra-mammary Paget disease of skin who progressed after cycle 6. Two unconfirmed partial responses were observed (low-grade serous gynecological tract and estrogen receptor–positive/HER2-negative immunohistochemistry breast ductal carcinoma). Of 12 patients with breast cancer, 1 additional patient with lobular carcinoma (estrogen receptor–positive/HER2 fluorescent in situ hybridization) had a 51% reduction in target lesions but progressed because of a new lesion at cycle 6. The most common (> 20%) treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea (68%), mucositis (43%), fatigue (40%), acneiform rash (30%), dehydration (27%), vomiting (27%), nausea (27%), anemia (27%), and anorexia (22%). Four patients (11%) discontinued because of adverse events. CONCLUSION Although afatinib did not meet the prespecified threshold for antitumor activity in this heavily pretreated cohort, the response in a rare tumor type is notable. The safety profile of afatinib was consistent with prior studies.
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Amezcua Lilyana 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an update on progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly referred to as primary progressive MS and secondary progressive MS. It discusses the importance of diagnosing and detecting progression early, the similarities between progressive forms, challenges in detecting progression, factors that could augment progression, and the importance of disease-modifying therapies in patients with evidence of active progressive MS. It also discusses the overall care of progressive MS.

RECENT FINDINGS
The pathogenesis of primary progressive MS and secondary progressive MS is overlapping, and in both presentations, patients with relapses or focal MRI activity are classified as having active, progressive MS. All currently approved disease-modifying therapies are indicated for active secondary progressive MS. The therapeutic opportunity of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of progressive MS is enhanced in those who are younger and have a shorter disease duration. Vascular comorbidities may contribute to progression in MS.

SUMMARY
Several challenges remain in the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of progressive MS. Early identification of active progressive MS is needed to maximize treatment benefit. The advantages of optimal comorbidity management (eg, hypertension, hyperlipidemia) in delaying progression are uncertain. Clinical care guidelines for advanced, severe MS are lacking.
Timely Schwann cell division drives peripheral myelination in vivo via the laminin/cAMP pathway
Authors: Mikdache Aya , Boueid Marie-José , Lesport Emilie , Delespierre Brigitte , Loisel-Duwattez Julien , Degerny Cindy , Tawk Marcel 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Schwann cells (SCs) migrate along peripheral axons and divide intensively to generate the right number of cells prior to axonal ensheathment; however, little is known regarding the temporal and molecular control of their division and its impact on myelination. We report that Sil, a spindle pole protein associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, is required for temporal mitotic exit of SCs. In sil-deficient cassiopeia (csp−/−) mutants, SCs fail to radially sort and myelinate peripheral axons. Elevation of cAMP, but not Rac1 activity, in csp−/− restores myelin ensheathment. Most importantly, we show a significant decrease in laminin expression within csp−/− posterior lateral line nerve and that forcing Laminin 2 expression in csp−/− fully restores the ability of SCs to myelinate. Thus, we demonstrate an essential role for timely SC division in mediating laminin expression to orchestrate radial sorting and peripheral myelination in vivo.
Energetics, but not development, is impacted in coral embryos exposed to ocean acidification
Authors: Chille E. E. , Strand E. L. , Scucchia F. , Neder M. , Schmidt V. , Sherman M. O. , Mass T. , Putnam H. M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In light of the chronic stress and mass mortality reef-building corals face under climate change, it is critical to understand the processes driving reef persistence and replenishment, including coral reproduction and development. Here, we quantified gene expression and sensitivity to ocean acidification across a set of developmental stages in the rice coral, Montipora capitata. Embryos and swimming larvae were exposed to pH treatments of 7.8 (ambient), 7.6 (low) and 7.3 (extreme low) from fertilization to 9 days post-fertilization. Embryo and larval volume, and stage-specific gene expression were compared between treatments to determine the effects of acidified seawater on early development. Although there was no measurable size differentiation between pH treatments at the fertilized egg and prawn chip (9 h post-fertilization) stages, early gastrulae and larvae raised in reduced pH treatments were significantly smaller than those raised in ambient seawater, suggesting an energetic cost to developing under low pH. However, no differentially expressed genes were found until the swimming larval stage. Notably, gene expression patterns of larvae developing at pH 7.8 and pH 7.3 were more similar than those of larvae developing at pH 7.6. Larvae from pH 7.6 showed upregulation of genes involved in cell division, regulation of transcription, lipid metabolism and response to oxidative stress in comparison to the other two treatments. Although low pH appears to increase energetic demands and trigger oxidative stress in larvae, the developmental process is robust to this at a molecular level, with the swimming larval stage reached in all pH treatments.
Prevalence of responsible research practices among academics in The Netherlands
Authors: Gopalakrishna Gowri , Wicherts Jelte M. , Vink Gerko , Stoop Ineke , van den Akker Olmo R. , ter Riet Gerben , Bouter Lex M. 
Published: August 2022

Background:Traditionally, research integrity studies have focused on research misbehaviors and their explanations. Over time, attention has shifted towards preventing questionable research practices and promoting responsible ones. However, data on the prevalence of responsible research practices, especially open methods, open codes and open data and their underlying associative factors, remains scarce.Methods:We conducted a web-based anonymized questionnaire, targeting all academic researchers working at or affiliated to a university or university medical center in The Netherlands, to investigate the prevalence and potential explanatory factors of 11 responsible research practices.Results:A total of 6,813 academics completed the survey, the results of which show that prevalence of responsible practices differs substantially across disciplines and ranks, with 99 percent avoiding plagiarism in their work but less than 50 percent pre-registering a research protocol. Arts and humanities scholars as well as PhD candidates and junior researchers engaged less often in responsible research practices. Publication pressure negatively affected responsible practices, while mentoring, scientific norms subscription and funding pressure stimulated them.Conclusions:Understanding the prevalence of responsible research practices across disciplines and ranks, as well as their associated explanatory factors, can help to systematically address disciplinary- and academic rank-specific obstacles, and thereby facilitate responsible conduct of research.
Usefulness of vaccine boosters for Covid-19 in Italy and in UK and comparison between in intensive care admissions and deaths of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Surprises and implications
Authors: Alessandria Marco , Simion Claudio , Donzelli Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Background: There is insufficient clarity about the different outcomes between unvaccinated and vaccinated people hospitalized with Covid-19, with reference to the variables “Intensive Care Unit” and “Deaths”. Moreover, it is unclear the real effectiveness of the vaccine boosters on the risks of infection and Covid-19 deaths, beyond the first few months after the booster. To verify the hypotheses that repeated vaccinations might expose to a progressively greater risk of severe Covid-19, and of a growing weakening of the immune response, primarily against infection, as the distance from the booster dose increases. Methods: Through an analysis of the official Italian data we calculated significant differences, percentage variations and trends in the variables “Intensive Care Units” and “Deaths” in hospitalized patients among four groups with different vaccination status, and between the Unvaccinated and Vaccinated groups. Through analyses of the UK Security Agency data in the weekly COVID-19 vaccine surveillance reports we explored the vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infections and against COVID-19 deaths in relation to the time elapsed from the booster doses. Results: Repeated vaccinations seem to expose the recipients to a growing risk of severe Covid-19, and fewer vaccinations might be enough to protect persons at greater risk. The vaccine effectiveness against infection vanished and reversed in the medium term, and vaccinated persons with three doses become increasingly more infected versus unvaccinated persons. Conclusions: The starting hypotheses have been supported, together with the need to combine carefully rethought vaccination campaigns with the implementation of other strategies, with the achievement of a healthy living and working environment, healthy lifestyles, and effective, safe and sustainable care.