bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial well-being of children with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Yu Michael Kwan Leung , Tso Winnie Wan Yee , Yip Ka Man , Wang Yu Liang , Wong Wilfred Hing Sang , Yiu Oscar Kuen Fong , Leung Lok Kan , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung , Ip Patrick , Chan Sophelia Hoi Shan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
To examine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychosocial wellbeing in children with neuromuscular disorders (NMD), the parents of 41 children with NMD aged 3-12 years completed a survey during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings were compared to those of the parents of 164 matched typically-developed (TD) children. Health-related quality of life and lifestyle habits of the NMD group were compared with the TD group using independent two-sample t-test. Children with NMD with uninterrupted disease-modifying treatments showed higher PedsQL total scores during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic state (p=0.012). PedsQL total score in the NMD group was significantly lower than the TD group (p<0.001). Those with disrupted rehabilitation training (73.8% of NMD group) had significant lower PedsQL scores compared to those with continuous training (p = 0.012). Parental guidance on the usage of electronic devices was significantly associated with the total score of PedsQL, particularly in the NMD group (p=0.007). In conclusion, children with NMD have had a poorer quality of life than TD children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study highlights the importance of parental guidance on electronic device usage, the continuation of drug treatment, and rehabilitation training for the psychosocial wellbeing of children with NMD during the pandemic.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Children With Severe Pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zhang Caiyan , Liu Tingyan , Wang Yixue , Chen Weimin , Liu Jing , Tao Jinhao , Zhu Xuemei , Zhang Zhenyu , Ming Meixiu , Wang Mingbang , Lu Guoping , Yan Gangfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Severe pneumonia due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Noninfectious respiratory syndromes resembling LRTIs can complicate the diagnosis and may also make targeted therapy difficult because of the difficulty of identifying LRTI pathogens. In the present study, a highly sensitive metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach was used to characterize the microbiome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with severe lower pneumonia and identify pathogenic microorganisms that may cause severe pneumonia.Methods: In total, 126 BALF samples were collected from children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with severe pneumonia, and mNGS was performed at the DNA and/or RNA level. The pathogenic microorganisms in BALF were identified and correlated with serological inflammatory indicators, lymphocyte subtypes, and clinical symptoms.Results: mNGS of BALF identified potentially pathogenic bacteria in children with severe pneumonia in the PICU. An increased BALF bacterial diversity index was positively correlated with serum inflammatory indicators and lymphocyte subtypes. Children with severe pneumonia in the PICU had the potential for coinfection with viruses including Epstein–Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Human betaherpesvirus 6B, the abundance of which was positively correlated with immunodeficiency and pneumonia severity, suggesting that the virus may be reactivated in children in the PICU. There was also the potential for coinfection with fungal pathogens including Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in children with severe pneumonia in the PICU, and an increase in potentially pathogenic eukaryotic diversity in BALF was positively associated with the occurrence of death and sepsis.Conclusions: mNGS can be used for clinical microbiological testing of BALF samples from children in the PICU. Bacterial combined with viral or fungal infections may be present in the BALF of patients with severe pneumonia in the PICU. Viral or fungal infections are associated with greater disease severity and death.
Practical cardiac events intelligent diagnostic algorithm for wearable 12-lead ECG via self-supervised learning on large-scale dataset
Authors: Yang Wei , Feng Qianjin , Lai Jiewei , Tan Huixin , Wang Jinliang , Ji Lei , Guo Jun , Han Baoshi , Shi Yajun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become a major global public health problem, and computer-aided diagnostic methods, particularly intelligent diagnosis, play an increasingly important role in electrocardiograms (ECGs). Transient and nonrhythmic arrhythmias are often easier to detect via continuous monitoring by wearable ECGs, and earlier treatment of these diseases is of great significance to patient health. Users often upload massive ECG data, and not all of them can be diagnosed by cardiologists, which is an opportunity and also our motivation to mine the information from these large amounts of ECGs. We collected 658,486 wearable 12-lead ECGs, among which 164,538 were diagnosed by a cardiologist and reviewed by senior cardiologists, and the remaining 493,948 ECGs were without diagnosis information. We used all ECGs to train a Siamese network via contrastive learning, then transferred the pretrained weights to the downstream classification network. Wearable ECGs are more prone to myoelectric artifacts, motion artifacts and electrode shedding than standard resting-state ECGs. To improve the robustness of the model, we designed four data augmentation operations for 1D digital multilead ECG signals. Our model can recognize 55 cardiac events, including normal rhythm, sinus rhythm, eight waveform changes and 45 common arrhythmias, and it achieved the average area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and average F1 score on offline test of 0.979 and 0.618; the average sensitivity, average specificity and average F1 score during the three-month online test are 0.837, 0.961 and 0.602, respectively. Our model was evaluated on a large-scale online test set and confirmed by cardiologists to be practical in the real world. This approach can detect and recognize 55 cardiac events in a fine-grained manner, provide users with real-time intelligent diagnosis, and screen abnormal fragments in long-term ECG monitoring for further diagnosis by cardiologists.
Analysis of the potential of the Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR) in the hydromorphological assessment of watercourses in the Central European Plain
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz , Brysiewicz Adam , Nosek Justyna , Bar-Michalczyk Dominika , Czerniejewski Przemysław 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The assessment of hydromorphological conditions of watercourses is a requirement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and of many national river status monitors. This paper evaluates the hydromorphological status of 10 watercourses (30 measurement sections) in Poland based on the calculated multimetric HIR. A new approach to the delineation of the riparian zone of rivers (small watercourses) was proposed. An analysis of the influence of river valley management on the value of HIR and its components was carried out using the statistical methods (descriptive statistics, ANOVA method with Scheffé's test). In addition, an analysis of the relationship between the component the WRH (Hydromorphological Diversity Index) and WPH (Hydromorphology Transformation Index) was performed (Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient). HIR values for the studied watercourse sections ranged from 0.553 to 0.825. WRH values ranged from 27.5 to 75.5 and WPH from 2.0 to 17.5. The results of the basic statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the two riparian zone delineation methods. The one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the test significance level of the WRH, WPH and HIR for the riparian zone delineation methods. Spearman's rank correlation analysis confirmed that the WRH parameter has a significant influence on the HIR index. The juxtaposition of the two methods for delineating a river's riparian zone and its influence on the HIR allows for a better understanding of the interdependence between the parameters of this indicator.
Postmortem lung biopsy for COVID-19 patients in Iraq.
Authors: AL-ZAIDI HAIDER MAJID HAIDER , Abdulrazaq Alaa Abdulqader , Badr Hani Musa , Ahmed Basim Shehab 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The entire world was affected by the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which influenced daily life worldwide and affected the medical, social, and economic prospects of all nations. This virus occurs clinically in four variants: Asymptomatic; mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI); anosmia and/or ageusia as the only symptoms; and severe systemic disease, such as bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Approximately 20% of the population develops the severe course associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Those who develop lung injury and dyspnea have a higher mortality. An autopsy can reveal the pathogenesis and determine the cause of death.Objectives: to understand the pathophysiological changes that occur in lung tissue in COVID-19 affected individuals and specify the cause of death.Patients and methods: This is a case series of post-mortem lung histopathology examinations of deceased COVID-19 positive patients. Samples were collected from postmortem models were acquired from six diseased individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain (PCR) reaction and subsequently passed away in the tertiary hospital between July and September 2020 as a result of COVID-19. Their slides and paraffin embedded blocks regarding lung biopsies, together with their reports, were obtained and submitted for assessment by two pathologists (specialist and consultant) for further assessment of lung changes caused by COVID-19.Results: Only 2 of the 6 patients confirmed features of diffuse alveolar injury with hyaline layer and fibrin thrombi in pulmonary arteries, small vessel congestion, and pulmonary infarction. Two patients demonstrated diffuse alveolar fibrosis (organizing pneumonia), severe inflammation, and foci of squamous metaplasia, in addition to the deposition of carbon particles. One case had diffuse pulmonary fibrosis with pulmonary artery thrombosis without an inflammatory background. One case showed intra-alveolar atypical large cells, ischemic necrosis, and severe inflammation with intra-alveolar macrophages and pneumocyte hyperplasia.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of fluorapatite to 61 GPa
Authors: Rucks Melinda J. , Finkelstein Gregory J. , Zhang Dongzhou , Dera Przemyslaw K. , Duffy Thomas S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractApatite is a mineral of widespread importance in Earth and planetary science. Here we examine the behavior of a natural fluorapatite (FAp) crystal from Durango (Mexico) under compression to 61 GPa. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out in a diamond-anvil cell using a synchrotron source. The apatite structure persists up to 32.4 GPa. Birch-Murnaghan equation of state parameters were fit to the pressure-volume data for fluorapatite for two cases: fixing V0 at its measured ambient value resulted in a bulk modulus, K0T, of 97.0(8) GPa and a pressure derivative of the bulk modulus, K0T′, of 3.3(1), while fixing V0 and K0T at its ambient value 90.5 GPa (derived from ultrasonically measured elastic constants) resulted in a K0T′ value of 4.1(1). At 35.6 GPa, fluorapatite transforms to a triclinic phase (P1, Z = 4), designated here as fluorapatite II (FAp-II). This phase persists up to at least 61 GPa. The major structural differences between FAp and FAp-II involve the buckling of the Ca polyhedra along the c-axis and changes in the number and coordination of the Ca sites. Our study extends the pressure range over which fluorapatite has been examined by more than a factor of three, providing new insights into its structural response to high-pressure conditions.
Barbaloin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Involvement of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Nan , Gan Guoli , Yang Jihao , Wang Luyao 
Published: June 2022

Background:Barbaloin, found in Aloe vera, exerts broad pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. This study aims to investigate the effects of barbaloin on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).Methods:Osteogenic induction of hBMSCs was performed in the presence or absence of barbaloin. Cell viability was determined by using the CCK-8 assay. The characteristic of hBMSCs was identified by using flow cytometry. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was performed to evaluate the ALP activity in hBMSCs. Alizarin Red S staining was performed to evaluate the matrix mineralization. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively.Results:Treatment with barbaloin (10 and 20 μg/mL) significantly increased cell viability of hBMSCs after 72 hours. In addition, treatment with barbaloin increased the mRNA expression levels of ALP and its activities. Treatment with barbaloin also increased matrix mineralization and the mRNA and protein levels of late-differentiated osteoblast marker genes BMP2, RUNX2, and SP7 in hBMSCs. The underlying mechanisms revealed that barbaloin increased the protein expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related biomarkers.Conclusion:Barbaloin promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Perspectives toward the Development of Advanced Materials Based
on Bacterial Polysaccharides
Authors: Durán-Lara Esteban F. , Marican Adolfo , Rafael Diana , Vijayakumar Sekar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Bacteria and their enzymatic machinery, also called bacterial cell factories,
produce a diverse variety of biopolymers, such as polynucleotides, polypeptides and
polysaccharides, with different and fundamental cellular functions. Polysaccharides are
the most widely used biopolymers, especially in biotechnology. This type of biopolymer,
thanks to its physical and chemical properties, can be used to create a wide range of advanced
bio-based materials, hybrid materials and nanocomposites for a variety of exciting
biomedical applications. In contrast to synthetic polymers, bacterial polysaccharides
have several advantages, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity,
and non-toxicity, among others. On the other hand, the main advantage of bacterial
polysaccharides compared to polymers extracted from other natural sources is that their
physicochemical properties, such as purity, porosity, and malleability, among others, can
be adapted to a specific application with the use of biotechnological tools and/or chemical
modifications. Another great reason for using bacterial polysaccharides is due to the
possibility of developing advanced materials from them using bacterial factories that can
metabolize raw materials (recycling of industrial and agricultural wastes) that are readily
available and in large quantities. Moreover, through this strategy, it is possible to curb environmental
pollution. In this article, we project the desire to move towards large-scale
production of bacterial polysaccharides taking into account the benefits, weaknesses and
prospects in the near future for the development of advanced biological materials for
medical and pharmaceutical purposes.
The Regulation Role of Ferroptosis Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Drugs
and Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Ensoy Mine , Bumin Zehra Sena , Jama Huda Abdirizak , Cansaran-Duman Demet 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of cell death caused by the accumulation
of iron-dependent lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species that differs significantly
from other cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Ferroptosis
is essential in developing and treating ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurological diseases,
cancer, and other diseases. The ferroptosis mechanism, which can be induced by reagents
like erastin and glutamate, and suppressed by antioxidants such as vitamin E and deferoxamine
(DFO) chelators, can be regulated at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional,
and post-translational levels. A recent study has determined many non-coding
RNAs (lncRNA, miRNA, circRNA) that modulate ferroptotic cell death in cancer cells.
Furthermore, some anti-cancer drugs (Sorafenib, Sulfasalazine, Acetominofen, Lanperisone,
etc.) used in pre-clinical and clinical applications have been shown to induce ferroptosis
in various cancer types. However, in addition to the studies in the literature, it is necessary
to define novel molecules & non-coding RNAs and determine their effects on the
ferroptosis mechanism. Thus, it will be possible to develop effective and safe treatment
options.
Advances in Exosomal microRNAs and Proteins in Ovarian Cancer
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
Authors: Qin Tiansheng , Chen Fan , Zhu Jiaojiao , Ding Yaoyao , Zhang Qianqian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Late diagnosis, postoperative recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance are
the main causes of the high mortality rate in ovarian cancer (OC). Understanding the
molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of OC may contribute to
discovering new tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC. Exosomes are small
extracellular vesicles derived from different types of cells that carry cargos, including
nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and are pivotal mediators of intercellular
communication in the tumor microenvironment. There is emerging evidence that
exosomal proteins and nucleic acids play pivotal roles in facilitating the progression and
drug resistance of OC. Identification of these factors may aid in the future diagnosis of
OC. Furthermore, they also have promising value as OC therapeutic targets that can
improve the prognosis. In the current review, we summarize the progress of exosomal
research in OC, especially highlighting the most updated roles of exosomal microRNAs
and proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and drug resistance of OC in order to
facilitate future studies in this area.
Chemistry of 2-Aminoquinolines: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological
Activities
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , El-Bana Ghada G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
This review described the preparation of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde derivatives through Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of N-arylacetamides and the use of them as a key intermediate for the preparation of 2-aminoquinoline-3-carbaldehydes. The synthesis of the 2-aminoquinolines was explained through the following chemical reactions: Claisen-Schmidt condensation, 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition, one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs), and reductive amination.
Extending Stroke CT Angiography to the Full Chest Allows for the Detection of Additional Pulmonary Opacifications in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Hasan Dimah , Darvishi Keihan , May Rebecca , Ridwan Hani , Riabikin Alexander , Wiesmann Martin , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid 
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose:
During epidemics with an increased prevalence of pulmonary infections, extending stroke CTA examinations of acute stroke workup to the whole chest may allow for the identification of pulmonary findings that would have been missed on standard CTA examinations.

Materials and Methods:
Our analysis comprised 216 patients with suspicion of stroke who received extended full-chest cerebrovascular CTA examinations from January 27th 2020 - date of the first confirmed Covid-19 case in Germany - until April 30th 2020.

Results:
Consolidations and ground-glass opacifications were found in 73 of all 216 patients (34%). Opacifications were found in the upper chest in 51/216 patients (23%). There were lower-chest opacifications in 22 of 165 patients (13%) with unsuspicious upper-chest scans. In these 22 patients, there were consolidations in 10 cases (45%), ground-glass opacifications in 10 cases (45%), and both in 2 cases (10%).

Conclusions:
Our study showed that extending the scan volume of an emergency stroke CTA to the whole chest reveals a considerable number of opacifications that would have been missed on a standard CTA. Even though these findings were rarely indicative of COVID-19, a large number of opacifications warranted further investigation.
Mechanistic and Etiological Similarities in Diabetes Mellitus and
Alzheimer’s Disease: Antidiabetic Drugs as Optimistic Therapeutics in
Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Das Subham , Ramachandran Anu Kunnath , Halder Debojyoti , Akbar Saleem , Ahmed Bahar , Joseph Alex 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease are two common diseases that majorly
affect the elderly population. Patients in both cases are increasing day by day. They are considered
two independent diseases, but recent evidence suggests that they have a lot in common.

Objective:
In this review, we focused on the connection between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes and
highlighted the importance of antidiabetic drugs against Alzheimer's disease.

Methods:
Common pathways such as obesity, vascular diseases, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction,
mutation of the ApoE4 gene, and Sirtuin gene were found to manipulate both diseases. Antidiabetic
drugs are found to have promising effects on Alzheimer’s disease, acting by reducing insulin
resistance, neuronal protection, and reducing amyloid-beta plaques. Some anti-diabetic drugs have
shown promising results in vivo and in vitro studies.

Results:
No review present focuses on the structural features of the antidiabetic molecules against
Alzheimer’s disease, their crosslinking pathophysiology, the role of natural bioactive molecules, in silico
advancements followed by preclinical and clinical studies, and current advancements. Hence, we
concentrated on the factors mentioned in the objectives.

Conclusion:
Alzheimer's disease can be considered a form of 'type-3 diabetes,' and repurposing the
anti-diabetic drug will open up new paths of research in the field of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery.
Drag Resistivity of Hole-Hole Static Interactions with the Effect of Non-
Homogeneous Dielectric Medium
Authors: Upadhyay Sharad Kumar , Saini L.K. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
We have study the Coulomb drag phenomena for hole-hole static potentials theoretically and measured numerically using the random phase approximation (RPA) method

OBJECTIVE:
The drag resistivity is evaluated at low temperature, large interlayer separation limit and weakly screening regime, with the geometry of two atomically thin materials, such as, BLG/GaAs based multilayer system, is a promising systems in nanomaterials and technology

METHOD:
Static local field corrections (LFC) are considered to take into account the Exchange-correlations (XC) and mutual interaction effects with varying concentrations of active and passive layer

RESULT:
It is found that the drag resistivity is found enhanced on using the LFC effects and increases on increasing the effective mass. In Fermi-Liquid regime, drag resistivity is directly proportional to T^2, n^(-3), d^(-4) and ϵ^2 with respect to temperature (T), density (n), interlayer separation (d~nm) and dielectric constant (ϵ_2), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Dependency of drag resistivity is measured and compared to 2D e-e and e-h coupled-layer systems with and without the effect of non-homogeneous dielectric medium.