bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out of the mouths of Peer Leaders: Perspectives on how to improve a telephone‐based peer support intervention in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Afshar Rowshanak , Askari Amir S. , Sidhu Rawel , Cox Susan , Sherifali Diana , Camp Pat G. , Tang Tricia S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences of peer leaders with respect to delivering core components of a 12‐month, telephone‐based peer support intervention in type 2 diabetes within a tertiary‐care setting.MethodsSeventeen peer leaders were recruited and interviewed. Interviews lasted approximately 20 to 45 min, were audio‐taped, and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed by two team members using the qualitative descriptive approach.FindingsPeer leaders reported mutually beneficial and reciprocal relationships with participants. They encountered challenges in maintaining regular contact with participants and in motivating them to make lifestyle changes. To improve the programme, peer leaders suggested having more frequent – but shorter – training sessions and reducing the diabetes education component of the training programme. To enhance the intervention fidelity and retention rate, they recommended matching peer leaders to participants on more meaningful variables (e.g. diabetes‐related commonalities, personality, life experiences, etc.) beyond just gender, geographic proximity and availability. They also requested more frequent face‐to‐face contacts with participants (Modality of Contact), and additional ongoing support from the research team.ConclusionPeer leaders were satisfied with the intervention design. However, future studies may consider more comprehensive peer leader‐matching algorithms and increased opportunities for in‐person communication modalities.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02804620.
Examining patient and professional perspectives in the UK for gene therapy in haemophilia
Authors: Woollacott Ione , Morgan George , Chowdary Pratima , O'Hara Jamie , Franks Bethany , van Overbeeke Eline , Dunn Nicola , Michelsen Sissel , Huys Isabelle , Martin Antony , Cawson Matthew , Brownrigg Jack , Winburn Ian , Thomson Jim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith the development of gene therapy for people with haemophilia (PWH), it is important to understand how people impacted by haemophilia (PIH) and clinicians prioritise haemophilia treatment attributes to support informed treatment decisions.ObjectiveTo examine the treatment attribute preferences of PIH and clinical experts in the United Kingdom (UK) and to develop a profile of gene therapy characteristics fit for use in future discrete choice experiments (DCEs).MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with PIH (n= 14) and clinical experts (n= 6) who ranked pre‐defined treatment attributes by importance. Framework analysis was conducted to identify key themes and treatment attributes; points were allocated based on the rankings. Synthesis of results by a multidisciplinary group informed development of a profile of gene therapy characteristics for use in future research.ResultsKey themes identified by PIH and clinical experts included patient relevant features and the importance of ‘informed decision making'. The six top‐ranked treatment attributes were ‘effect on factor level’ (79 points), ‘uncertainty regarding long‐term risks’ (57 points), ‘impact on daily life’ (41 points), ‘frequency of monitoring’ (33 points), ‘impact on ability to participate in physical activity’ (29 points), and ‘uncertainty regarding long‐term benefits’ (28 points). The final treatment characteristics were categorised as therapeutic option, treatment effectiveness, safety concerns, impact on self‐management and quality of life (role limitations).ConclusionWe identified several gene therapy characteristics important to PIH and clinicians in the UK. These characteristics will be used in a future DCE to further investigate patient preferences for gene therapy.
A multicenter clinical trial evaluating the durability of diabetic foot ulcer healing in ulcers treated with topical oxygen and standard of care versus standard of care alone 1 year post healing
Authors: Al‐Jalodi Omar , Kupcella Megan , Breisinger Kristy , Serena Thomas E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiple clinical trials and real‐world studies have demonstrated accelerated healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) treated with advanced modalities, such as topical oxygen therapy (TOT). In addition to healing, the durability of wound closure is a crucial long‐term endpoint for DFU clinical trials: an advanced treatment that does not confer a reasonable ulcer‐free period will have limited clinical benefit and modest economic value. Preclinical studies suggest that DFUs receiving topical oxygen therapy will experience improved quality of healing: increased collagen deposition and angiogenesis. It is postulated that these changes will translate into a more long‐lasting closure for ulcers treated with TOT and SOC compared to ulcers treated with SOC alone. At the conclusion of a recently completed randomised controlled DFU clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of TOT and SOC compared to SOC alone, patients with healed ulcers were asked to enrol in a long‐term follow‐up study. Healed patients completed four questionnaires through text messages or phone calls within 1‐year post completion of the trial. Twenty‐nine patients consented to participate in the long‐term follow‐up trial (17 TOT/SOC and 12 SOC). Only seven subjects were lost to follow up (5 TOT and 2 SOC). This is a surprisingly low number when factoring in the disruption caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic that continued throughout the entire follow‐up period. In the remaining patients, 85% of the TOT patients and 60% of the SOC remained healed at 1 year. There was one major amputation, which occurred in an SOC‐treated patient. The numbers in the long‐term follow‐up were too small to reach statistical significance; however, there is a strong trend toward more durable closure in ulcers treated with TOT.
Step by step: How to perform a fluoroless cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Alyesh Daniel , Frederick Jennifer , Choe William , Sundaram Sri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of ablation of atrial fibrillation. With widespread use of 3D Electroanatomic Mapping Systems and advances in intracardiac echo imaging, fluoroless ablation has been possible.MethodsFluoroless ablation with cryoballoon (CB), however, has not been widely performed because of the need to prove occlusion of the vein with contrast dye and fluoroscopy.Results and ConclusionIn this step‐by‐step guide, the authors will show how a CB ablation can be performed without the use of fluoroscopy.
Recruiting a long way from home: Domino damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus can detect new temperate coral habitat and conspecifics
Authors: O'Connell Max J. , Fowler Ashley M. , Allan Sam J. , Beretta Giglia A. , Booth David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change is driving tropicalisation of temperate reefs, yet it is unclear how range‐shifting tropical fishes locate suitable habitat. The authors tested whether juvenile tropical damsels Dascyllus trimaculatus could detect rare coral habitat (Pocillopora aliciae) and conspecifics on temperate rocky reefs using olfactory and visual preference experiments. For all cues, individuals selected and spent more time than expected in aquarium areas with the cue present, which included coral odour and conspecific odour and visual cues. This indicates that vagrant coral‐reef fish can detect rare suitable habitat outside of their natal range.
Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis
Authors: Hernández‐Cordero Sonia , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Zambrano Paul , Michaud‐Létourneau Isabelle , Lara‐Mejía Vania , Franco‐Lares Bianca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScaling up effective interventions, policies and programmes can improve breastfeeding (BF) outcomes. Furthermore, considerable interest exists in learning from relatively recent successful efforts that can inform further scaling up, with appropriate adaptations, across countries. The purpose of this four‐country case studies analysis was to examine why and how improvements in BF practices occurred across four contrasting countries; Burkina Faso, the Philippines, Mexico and the United States of America. Literature reviews and key informant interviews were conducted to document BF trends over time, in addition to why and how BF protection, promotion and support policies and programmes were implemented at a national level. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. The ‘Breastfeeding Gear Model’ and RE‐AIM (Reach; Effectiveness; Adoption; Implementation; and Maintenance) frameworks were used to understand and map the factors facilitating or hindering the scale up of the national programmes and corresponding improvements in BF practices. Each of the studied countries had different processes and timing to implement and scale up programmes to promote, protect and support breastfeeding. However, in all four countries, evidence‐based advocacy, multisectoral political will, financing, research and evaluation, and coordination were key to fostering an enabling environment for BF. Furthermore, in all countries, lack of adequate maternity protection and the aggressive marketing of the breast‐milk substitutes industry remains a strong source of negative feedback loops that are undermining investments in BF programmes. Country‐specific best practices included innovative legislative measures (Philippines), monitoring and evaluation systems (United States of America), engagement of civil society (Mexico) and behavior change communication BF promotion (Burkina Faso) initiatives. There is an urgent need to improve maternity protection and to strongly enforce the WHO Code of Marketing of Breast‐Milk Substitutes.
Interstitial Precarity: The Romance and Tragedy of the Transnational Child Welfare System
Authors: Valenzuela Robin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Chicago's Mexican Consulate and the Illinois Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS), which obliges DCFS to provide prompt consular notification after assuming protective custody of a Mexican or Mexican American minor. Developed in 2001, this bilateral agreement also enables consular officials to gain access to child welfare cases involving their minor nationals and requires DCFS to consider placing such minors with their deported or noncustodial parents in Mexico, whenever possible. Drawing on ethnographic research collected in Chicago and Mexico from 2016 to 2019, I explore the possibilities created through the MOU, which not only opens up new opportunities for transnational family reunification in Mexico but also enables Mexican institutions to challenge DCFS's expertise. And yet, the MOU also produces what I call “interstitial precarity” for the minors it tries to help. This is a lack of belonging, stability, and recognition that results not from the denial of one's citizenship but from falling between the cracks of multiple, discordant bureaucratic systems. Accordingly, this article evaluates the MOU's potential to expand the family‐making options available to mixed‐status families through a dialectical reading of its romantic and tragic effects. [child welfare, reunification, transnational, immigration, precarity]
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among neonates born to pregnant people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Maternal, pregnancy and birth characteristics
Authors: Olsen Emily O'Malley , Roth Nicole M. , Aveni Kathryn , Santos Pauline , Sizemore Lindsey , Halai Umme‐Aiman , Nestoridi Eirini , Barton Jerusha Elana , Mobley Evan , Siebman Samantha , Fussman Chris , Mbotha Deborah , Dzimira Paula , Silcox Kristin M. , Khuwaja Salma , Roscom Danacamile , Lush Mamie , Chicchelly Sarah , Delgado‐López Camille , Schlosser Levi , Read Jennifer , Ellington Sascha R. , Hall Aron J. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Tong Van T. , Woodworth Kate R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple reports have described neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including likely in utero transmission and early postnatal infection, but published estimates of neonatal infection range by geography and design type.ObjectivesTo describe maternal, pregnancy and neonatal characteristics among neonates born to people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy by neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 testing results.MethodsUsing aggregated data from the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network (SET‐NET) describing infections from 20 January 2020 to 31 December 2020, we identified neonates who were (1) born to people who were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive by RT‐PCR at any time during their pregnancy, and (2) tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR during the birth hospitalisation.ResultsAmong 28,771 neonates born to people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy, 3816 (13%) underwent PCR testing and 138 neonates (3.6%) were PCR positive. Ninety‐four per cent of neonates testing positive were born to people with infection identified ≤14 days of delivery. Neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was more frequent among neonates born preterm (5.7%) compared to term (3.4%). Neonates testing positive were born to both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant people.ConclusionsJurisdictions reported SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR results for only 13% of neonates known to be born to people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy. These results provide evidence of neonatal infection identified through multi‐state systematic surveillance data collection and describe characteristics of neonates with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. While perinatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was uncommon among tested neonates born to people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy, nearly all cases of tested neonatal infection occurred in pregnant people infected around the time of delivery and was more frequent among neonates born preterm. These findings support the recommendation for neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR testing, especially for people with acute infection around the time of delivery.
Embryo biotechnologies in sheep: Achievements and new improvements
Authors: Falchi Laura , Ledda Sergio , Zedda Maria T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo date, large‐scale use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) programmes in ovine species is limited due to unpredictable results and high costs of hormonal stimulation and treatment. Therefore, even if considered reliable, they are not fully applicable in large‐scale systems. More recently, the new prospects offered by in vitro embryo production (IVEP) through collection of oocytes post‐mortem or by repeated ovum pick‐up from live females suggested an alternative to MOET programmes and may be more extensively used, moving from the exclusive research in the laboratory to field application. The possibility to perform oocytes recovery from juvenile lambs to obtain embryos (JIVET) offers the great advantage to significantly reduce the generation interval, speeding the rate of genetic improvement. Although in the past decades several studies implemented novel protocols to enhance embryo production in sheep, the conditions of every single stage of IVEP can significantly affect embryo yield and successful transfer into the recipients. Moreover, the recent progresses on embryo production and freezing technologies might allow wider propagation of valuable genes in small ruminants populations and may be used for constitution of flocks without risks of disease. In addition, they can give a substantial contribution in preserving endangered breeds. The new era of gene editing might offer innovative perspectives in sheep breeding, but the application of such novel techniques implies involvement of specialized operators and is limited by relatively high costs for embryo manipulation and molecular biology analysis.
The Effect of Epidemic Outbreak on Healthcare Usage: Lessons from the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in South Korea
Authors: Park Jinhwan , Jun Duk Bin , Park Sungho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen an epidemic outbreak occurs, the demand for healthcare services may increase because more people may seek medical care regardless of their infection status. On the other hand, it may decrease because of the fear of getting infected while seeking treatment. Moreover, the epidemic may have lasting effects on individuals' healthcare service usage after it ends. Armed with a representative and detailed individual level healthcare usage dataset, we examine the dynamic effect of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak which occurred in South Korea in 2015. To be more specific, we select patients who lived in regions where the MERS outbreak took place as the treatment group, and patients who lived in regions where MERS-related events never occurred as the control group. Using this sample, we apply a difference-in-difference approach with propensity score matching to investigate the effect of epidemic disease on individuals' healthcare service usage. We find that healthcare visits to treat minor diseases during the MERS outbreak showed a significant decrease of 3.7%. This effect was pronounced in large tertiary hospitals (22.7%) and among minors under age 10 (10.1%). We could not find significant changes in visits to treat serious diseases. However, visits to the emergency department showed a temporary but significant decrease (18.1%). After the end of the epidemic, healthcare visits to treat minor diseases significantly increased by 4.0%. This after-effect was pronounced in secondary hospitals (8.7%) and primary healthcare facilities (3.9%) and among minors under age 10. We discuss the implications of our findings for various stakeholders.
Wh‐InterrogativesIn Ancient Greek Disentangling Focus‐ AndWh‐Movement*
Authors: Bertrand Nicolas , Faure Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article explores the problem of information structure in ancient Greek direct constituent questions from the perspective ofwh‐placement. It begins with the observation thatwh‐items are intrinsically focused and that typologically,wh‐placement is predictable based on the focusing properties in some languages, such as Indonesian (in situstrategy) and Basque or Hungarian (focus position strategy), but not in others, such as English (specificwh‐position strategy). Ancient Greek has multiple ways to express narrow focusing, e.g.,in situor in a preverbal devoted position. Puzzlingly, with respect towhPs, the former way is only marginally attested and there is no good evidence for the latter way. Instead, based on syntactic and prosodic tests, we show that ancient Greek offers a third strategy, in which a high position in the structure is available. Nevertheless, when this result is recast in the framework of Phase Theory, the tests ofwh‐duplication and stranding indicate thatwhPs must go through all three positions, receiving their argument functionin situ, checking their focus feature preverbally and verifying theirwh‐feature in the high position. The specificity of ‘why’ questions is addressed along the way.
Insights into acylation mechanisms: co‐expression of serine carboxypeptidase‐like acyltransferases and their non‐catalytic companion paralogs
Authors: Yao Shengbo , Liu Yajun , Zhuang Juhua , Zhao Yue , Dai Xinlong , Jiang Changjuan , Wang Zhihui , Jiang Xiaolan , Zhang Shuxiang , Qian Yumei , Tai Yuling , Wang Yunsheng , Wang Haiyan , Xie De‐Yu , Gao Liping , Xia Tao 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYSerine carboxypeptidase‐like acyltransferases (SCPL‐ATs) play a vital role in the diversification of plant metabolites. Galloylated flavan‐3‐ols highly accumulate in tea (Camellia sinensis), grape (Vitis vinifera), and persimmon (Diospyros kaki). To date, the biosynthetic mechanism of these compounds remains unknown. Herein, we report that two SCPL‐AT paralogs are involved in galloylation of flavan‐3‐ols: CsSCPL4, which contains the conserved catalytic triad S‐D‐H, and CsSCPL5, which has the alternative triad T‐D‐Y. Integrated data from transgenic plants, recombinant enzymes, and gene mutations showed that CsSCPL4 is a catalytic acyltransferase, while CsSCPL5 is a non‐catalytic companion paralog (NCCP). Co‐expression of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5 is likely responsible for the galloylation. Furthermore, pull‐down and co‐immunoprecipitation assays showed that CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5 interact, increasing protein stability and promoting post‐translational processing. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses revealed that their homologs co‐exist in galloylated flavan‐3‐ol‐ or hydrolyzable tannin‐rich plant species. Enzymatic assays further revealed the necessity of co‐expression of those homologs for acyltransferase activity. Evolution analysis revealed that the mutations of the CsSCPL5 catalytic residues may have taken place about 10 million years ago. These findings show that the co‐expression of SCPL‐ATs and their NCCPs contributes to the acylation of flavan‐3‐ols in the plant kingdom.
Supplemental Material: Terrestrial paleoclimate transition associated with continental weathering and drift during the Aptian–Albian of East Asia
Authors: Jia Jianliang , al. et 
Published: April 2022

<p>Table S1: Climate indicators from element and isotope geochemistry, and clay and carbonate minerals from boreholes FY-2, FY-1, and DY-1 in the Fuxin Basin. Table S2: Palynomorph assemblage from borehole FY-2 in the Fuxin Basin. Figure S1: Correlated sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies with positions of measured samples in the Fuxin Basin from borehole FY-2 in the west (A), FY-1 in the center (B), and DY-1 in the east (C) (modified after Jia et al., 2021). Figure S2: Diagrams of Al2O3 and TiO2 and δ13C and δ18O values for organic-rich mudrocks from boreholes FY-2 (A, D), FY-1 (B, E), and DY-1 (C, F). Figure S3. Microscopic characteristics of carbonate minerals observed in SEM (A) and thin section images (B) of organic-rich mudrocks from borehole FY-2. </p>
Supplemental Material: Rapid postorogenic cooling of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith foreland thrust belt and footwall Archean basement, Trans-Hudson orogen, Canada
Authors: Skipton Diane , al. et 
Published: April 2022

<p>Supplemental File 1: 40Ar/39Ar data tables and Supplemental File 2: 40Ar/39Ar step-heating methods, gas-release spectra, and results </p>
How much does it cost to combine supply-side and demand-side RBF approaches in a single intervention? Full cost analysis of the Results Based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health Initiative in Malawi
Authors: Torbica Aleksandra , Grainger Corinne , Okada Elena , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the economic cost associated with implementing the Results Based Financing for Maternal and Newborn Health (RBF4MNH) Initiative in Malawi. No specific hypotheses were formulated ex-ante.SettingPrimary and secondary delivery facilities in rural Malawi.ParticipantsNot applicable. The study relied almost exclusively on secondary financial data.InterventionThe RBF4MNH Initiative was a results-based financing (RBF) intervention including both a demand and a supply-side component.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCost per potential and for actual beneficiaries.ResultsThe overall economic cost of the Initiative during 2011–2016 amounted to €12 786 924, equivalent to €24.17 per pregnant woman residing in the intervention districts. The supply side activity cluster absorbed over 40% of all resources, half of which were spent on infrastructure upgrading and equipment supply, and 10% on incentives. Costs for the demand side activity cluster and for verification were equivalent to 14% and 6%, respectively of the Initiative overall cost.ConclusionCarefully tracing resource consumption across all activities, our study suggests that the full economic cost of implementing RBF interventions may be higher than what was previously reported in published cost-effectiveness studies. More research is urgently needed to carefully trace the costs of implementing RBF and similar health financing innovations, in order to inform decision-making in low-income and middle-income countries around scaling up RBF approaches.