bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Long-Term or Repeated Use of Antibiotics in Children and Adolescents on Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Person(s) Adults: A Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Zhou , Wei Shouchao , Chen Xiaoxia , Liu Lingying , Wei Zhuangsheng , Liao Zhimin , Wu Jiayuan , Li Zhichao , Zhou Haihong , Wang Duolao 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesWe evaluated the effects of long-term/recurrent use of antibiotics in childhood on developing cognitive impairment in middle and old age from UK Biobank Database.MethodsUK Biobank recruited participants aged 37–73 years. Cognitive impairment was ascertained by fluid intelligence questionnaire. Primary outcome was the occurrence of cognitive impairment in middle and old age. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between long-term/recurrent use of antibiotics and cognitive impairment.ResultsOver 3.8–10.8 years’ follow-up, 4,781 of the 35,921 participants developed cognitive impairment. The odds of cognitive impairment in middle and old age among long-term/recurrent use of antibiotics in childhood were increased by 18% compared with their counterparts (adjusted odd ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.29, p &lt; 0.01). The effect of long-term/recurrent use of antibiotics in childhood on cognitive impairment was homogeneous across different categories of various subgroup variables such as sex, age, APOE4, ethnic groups, income before tax, smoking status, alcohol status, BMI, hypertension and diabetes but the effect of long-term/recurrent use of antibiotics in childhood was modified by the educational qualification (p-value for interaction &lt;0.05).ConclusionLong-term/recurrent use of antibiotics in childhood may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in middle and old age.
Low Serum Magnesium Levels Are Associated With Hemorrhagic Transformation After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Qiu Huijia , Shen Rui , Chen Liuwei , Pandey Sajan , Sun Jiping , Deng Haoyu 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveIn patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a major complication after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels and HT after MT.MethodsWe collected 199 cases of consecutive AIS that received MT due to acute anterior circulation occlusions in our institution between January 2017 and January 2020. Baseline serum magnesium was obtained from all patients on admission before MT. The patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of HT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate whether magnesium was an independent predictor of HT. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were determined.ResultsOf the 199 enrolled patients, 40 (20.1%) presented with HT, and 12 (6%) developed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Patients with HT had lower serum magnesium levels compared to those without HT (0.76 [0.69–0.80] vs. 0.84 [0.80–0.90], p &lt; 0.001). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that the serum magnesium level (odds ratio, [OR]: 0.000, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.000–0.001, p &lt; 0.001) was significantly associated with the occurrence of HT. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the serum magnesium level could predict HT with an AUC of.820 (95% CI: 0.750–0.891 p &lt; 0.001). Serum magnesium ≤ 0.80 mmol/L could predict HT with a sensitivity of 79.2% and a specificity of 70.0%. Of interest, the serum magnesium level was not associated with HT when the baseline of serum magnesium was higher than the cut-off value (0.80 mmol/L) in the subgroup analysis.ConclusionsLower baseline serum magnesium levels (&lt;0.80 mmol/L) on admission are associated with increased risk of HT in AIS patients receiving MT.
The Incidence Rate of Esophageal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: An Observational and a Descriptive Epidemiological Analyses
Authors: Almatroudi Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionEsophageal cancer ranks the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide, and the morality incidence of this disease is rapidly growing worldwide. A retrospective observational population-based epidemiological study of esophageal cancer has been conducted, and data are based on the cancer registry of the National Health Information Center Saudi from 2006 to 2016. This study described the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and crude incidence rates (CIRs) of esophageal cancer based on age groups, diagnosis year, and administrative areas in Saudi Arabia populations to examine its distributions and trends in Saudi Arabia.MethodFor the statistical assessment of data, sex ratio, t-test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 755 and 597 cases of esophageal cancer in men and women, respectively, were reported from 2006 to 2016 in Saudi Arabia.ResultsOut of all esophageal cases, the highest number of cases was observed in the age group &lt;75 years among both men and women, whereas the lowest percentage and mean number of esophageal cancer cases among men and women were reported in the younger age group between 0 and 29 years. Within the geographical regions, Tabuk and Qassim regions recorded the highest mean CIR and ASIR among men. In the Northern region of Saudi Arabia, the maximum CIR and ASIR sex ratio was observed, whereas minimum mean CIR and ASIR were reported in Jouf and Jazan regions, respectively, among men. Madinah and Tabuk regions had the maximum mean CIR and ASIR, respectively, among women for esophageal cancer. The Northern region recorded minimum mean CIR and ASIR among women.ConclusionMaximum substantial changes of ASIRs for esophageal cancer in men and women from 2006 to 2016 were found in the Tabuk region, while Jazan and Northern regions exhibited least substantial changes of ASIRs in men and women, respectively.
Dental Status and Changes in the Levels of Secondary Antioxidants in the Oral Fluid during Pathology of the Oral Mucosa in Patients with Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Dynamics of Treatment
Authors: Ахадова П.Д. 
Published: March 2022

Был обследован 21 пациент с патологией слизистой оболочки полости рта (СОПР) и заболеваниями желудочно-кишечного тракта. Лечение проведено в 2 группах пациентов: 1-я группа (n=9) получала базисную терапию, 2-я группа (n=12) – базисное лечение и локально β-аминокапроновую кислоту. Контрольную группу (n=10) составили практически здоровые лица. Стоматологическое обследование показало, что индекс КПУ был повышен в большей мере за счет компонента «П». Индекс РМА до лечения в 1,4–1,6 раза был выше, чем в группе практически здоровых лиц. Гигиенический индекс РНР был повышен в группах пациентов в 2 раза. У пациентов до лечения выявлено снижение уровней вторичных антиоксидантов (альбумин на 36,5%, билирубин на 61,4%) и азотосодержащих антиоксидантов (мочевина на 11,8%, мочевая кислота на 15,8%). В результате комплексной терапии с β-аминокапроновой кислотой отмечалось статистически значимое повышение уровней антиоксидантов неферментативной системы (альбумин на 27,3%, мочевина на 8,9%, мочевая кислота на 11,5% и билирубин на 30,9%).
21 patients with pathology of the oral mucosa and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were checked-up. Treatment was conducted in 2 groups of patients: 1-st group (n=9) received basistherapy, 2-nd group (n=12) – basis therapy and locally β-aminocaproic acid. Control group (n=10) composed practically healthy people. Dental check-up showed that KPU index was increased mainly due to the component "P". Index PMA before treatment was in 1.4–1.6 higher, than at the practically healthy people group. Hygiene index PHP was increased in both groups twice. In patients before treatment was revealed the decrease of secondary antioxidants level (albumen on 36.5%, bilirubin on 61.4%) and nitrogen containing antioxidants (urea on 11.8%, uric acid on 15.8%). At the result of complex therapy with β-aminocaproic acid, noted statistically significant increase of non-enzymatic system antioxidants levels (albumen on 27.3%, urea on 8.9%, uric acid on 11.5% and bilirubin on 30.9%).
Planning of Restorations in Aesthetic Stomatology
Authors: Луцкая И.К. , Новак Н.В. 
Published: March 2022

Представлены новые критерии по планированию и оценке эстетических реставраций. В статье описаны этапы изготовления упроченного адгезивного протеза. Представлен клинический случай изготовления адгезивной волоконной конструкции при отсутствии центрального резца.
New criteria for planning and evaluation of aesthetic restoration are presented. In article fabrication stages of the strengthened adhesive artificial limb are described. The clinical case of production adhesive fiber designs in the absence of the central cutter is presented.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA KRIPTOGRAFI RC4 UNTUK KEAMANAN DATABASE APLIKASI PENGGAJIAN KARYAWAN BERBASIS WEB PADA PT. TRANS INTRA ASIA
Authors: Setiawan Andre , Fatimah Titin 
Published: March 2022

Trans Intra Asia adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang consultant management yang mempuyai 70 karyawan. Setiap bulannya Perusahaan melakukan penggajian terhadap karyawan dimana data yang disimpan dalam database yang memiliki keamanan mudah dicuri karena hanya memakai keamanan database yang sewaktu–waktu bisa saja dicuri atau digunakan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Jadi perlu dibuat aplikasi keamanan database untuk mengamankan data penggajian karyawan. Teknik kriptografi menjadi salah satu solusi yang perlu digunakan untuk pengamanan database. Adapun metode kriptografi yang digunakan algoritma RC4 (Rivest Code 4) yang termasuk kunci simetris, yaitu kriptografi yang menggunakan kunci enkripsi yang sama dengan dekripsinya. Kelebihan kriptografi kunci simetris adalah proses enkripsi dan dekripsi membutuhkan waktu yang cukup singkat, untuk ukuran kunci simetris relatif lebih pendek dan dapat dipergunakan untuk membangkitkan bilangan acak. Aplikasi ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP (Hypertext Prepocessor) dengan database MySQL. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan data penggajian karyawan pada perusahaan dapat terjaga kerahasiaannya karena menggunakan proses enkripsi lebih dahulu sehingga data penggjian lebih aman dan terhindar dari pencurian data atau digunakan oleh pihak tidak bertanggung jawab.
The Mg–K Anticorrelation in ω Centauri
Authors: Alvarez Garay Deimer Antonio , Mucciarelli Alessio , Lardo Carmela , Bellazzini Michele , Merle Thibault 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present [K/Fe] abundance ratios for a sample of 450 stars in ω Centauri, using high-resolution spectra acquired with the multiobject spectrograph FLAMES@VLT. Abundances for Fe, Na, and Mg were also derived. We detected intrinsic K variations in the analyzed stars. Moreover, [K/Fe] shows a significant correlation with [Na/Fe] and an anticorrelation with [Mg/Fe]. The presence of a clear-cut Mg–K anticorrelation makes ω Centauri the third stellar system, after NGC 2419 and NGC 2808, hosting a subpopulation of stars with [Mg/Fe] < 0.0 dex, K-enriched in the case of ω Centauri by ∼0.3 dex with respect to Mg-rich stars ([Mg/Fe] > 0.0 dex). The correlation/anticorrelation between K and other light elements involved in chemical anomalies supports the idea that the spread in [K/Fe] can be associated with the same self-enrichment process typical of globular clusters. We suggest that significant variations in K abundances perhaps can be found in the most massive and/or metal-poor globular clusters as a manifestation of an extreme self-enrichment process. Theoretical models face problems explaining K production in globular clusters. Indeed, models where asymptotic giant branch stars are responsible for the Mg–K anticorrelation only qualitatively agree with the observations. Finally, we discovered a peculiar star with an extraordinary K overabundance ([K/Fe] = +1.60 dex) with respect to the other stars with similar [Mg/Fe]. We suggest that this K-rich star could be formed from the pure ejecta of AGB stars before dilution with pristine material.
How does familiarity in rhizobial interactions impact the performance of invasive and native legumes?
Authors: Warrington Staci , Ellis Allan G. , Keet Jan-Hendrik , Le Roux Johannes J. 
Published: March 2022

Mutualisms can be disrupted when non-native plants are introduced into novel environments, potentially impacting their establishment success. Introduced species can reassemble mutualisms by forming novel associations with resident biota or by maintaining familiar associations when they are co-introduced with their mutualists. Invasive AustralianAcaciaspecies in South Africa have formed nitrogen-fixing rhizobium mutualisms using both pathways.Here we examined the contributions of novel vs familiar rhizobial associations to the performance ofAcacia salignaacross different soils within South Africa’s Core Cape Subregion (CCR), and the concomitant impacts of exotic rhizobia on the endemic legume,Psoralea pinnata. We grew each legume with and without AustralianBradyrhizobiumstrains across various CCR soil types in a glasshouse. We identified root nodule rhizobium communities associating with seedlings grown in each treatment combination using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques.Our results show that different CCR soils affected growth performances of seedlings for both species while the addition of Australian bradyrhizobia affected growth performances ofA. saligna, but notP. pinnata. NGS data revealed that each legume associated mostly with their familiar rhizobial partners, regardless of soil conditions or inoculum treatment.Acacia salignapredominantly associated with Australian bradyrhizobia, even when grown in soils without inoculum, whileP. pinnatalargely associated with native South AfricanMesorhizobiumstrains.Our study suggests that exotic Australian bradyrhizobia are already present and widespread in pristine CCR soils, and that mutualist limitation is not an impediment to further acacia invasion in the region. The ability ofP. pinnatato sanction AustralianBradyrhizobiumstrains suggests that this species may be a good candidate for restoration efforts following the removal of acacias in CCR habitats.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterizations of manganese(II), iron(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) hydrazine complexes as catalytic activity agents
Authors: A. Alibrahim Khuloud , Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Refat Moamen S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. This article deals with the preparation and coordination of NH2—NH2 hydrazine molecule compounds. The hydrazine sulfate complexes of Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were prepared. These complexes were characterized by elemental, infrared, conduction, electron absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The magnetic measurements were confirmed that the Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) hydrazine complexes have an octahedral geometric structure. Thermogravimetric and its differential thermogravimetric analysis referred that all complexes passed through two-to-three thermal degradation steps with solid metal sulfate as a residual product. The infrared spectra inferred that the NH2—NH2 ligand forms complexes through nitrogen atoms of the—NH2 moiety, while the elemental analysis indicates [M(NH2—NH2)3]SO4 (where M = Mn(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) while the iron(III) complexes have the [Fe2(NH2—NH2)4(SO4)2]SO4 formula of coordination compounds, NH2—NH2 acts as a double bond. Both XRD and AFM analysis deduced that the synthesized hydrazine metal complexes were found to be in nano scale range 10—30 nm.

KEY WORDS: Hydrazine, FTIR, AFM, XRD, Transition metals
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 33-44.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.4
CHALLENGES KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS FACE IN ADMINISTERING ASSESSMENT TOOLS TO CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES IN THE KUMASI METROPOLIS
Authors: Subbey Michael , Muhammed Nurudeen , Gyapong Mark 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges kindergarten teachers face in administering assessment tools to children with intellectual disabilities in the Kumasi Metropolis.
Methodology: Regarding the methodology, a descriptive survey design was adopted using a sample of 120 early childhood teachers from 22 public inclusive schools in the Kumasi Metro. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all 22 public inclusive schools, while convenience sampling technique was employed to select the actual respondents for the study. Questionnaire was used to gather the research data. Means (M) and Standard deviations (SD) were used as statistical tools to analyze the data.
Findings: The findings revealed that most public kindergartens teachers in the Kumasi metropolis admitted not being confident enough to try out authentic assessments like portfolios, learning logs, journals, projects graphic organizers, concept mapping and rubrics on children with intellectual disabilities in inclusive public schools (M=3.84, SD=.575, KS=.620) due to inadequate professional guidance. It was therefore recommended that teachers should be equipped with skills and morale in administering authentic assessment practices to learners with intellectual disabilities. The study would serve as an important reference source for inclusive public and private kindergarten teachers, headmasters/mistresses, Teacher Education Division (TED), Early Childhood Care and Development Division (ECCDD) and Special Education Division(SED) of the Ghana Education Service (GES),University of Education (UEW) and the Institute of Education, (IoE) of the University of Cape Coast, (UCC) and other private educational institutions that train teachers in their effort to improve the management of testing with the adequate information about what is actually involved in assessment practices in the Early Childhood Centres.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Besides, the study would contribute to the improvement of testing practices, specifically, on children with intellectual disabilities on construction, administration, and scoring of teacher-made tests in the inclusive early childhood centres. The constructivist learning theory by Lev Vygotsky, which was adopted for this study, postulated that children learn best when they are allowed to construct a personal understanding based on experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.
EFFECT OF COMMUNITY –BASED PARTICIPATORY APPROACH ON RURAL COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Oyetunde Oyewale , Oyedele Oyediran 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study, examined the effect of a Community-Based Participatory Approach (CBPA) on environmental knowledge, attitude and practices of rural communities’ inhabitants in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was embarked upon to reveal the desirability of involving people at the community level in the environmental management as a means of enhancing their environmental knowledge, attitudes and practices. It is well documented that inhabitants of rural communities often exhibit low knowledge of and poor attitude towards the environment, a situation that diminishes quality of human life.
Methodology: The pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design with 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Four local government areas were purposively selected. Two rural communities were then selected from each local government areas, using stratified random sampling technique. Forty (40) members of Community Development Associations (CDAs) who reside in selected rural communities and whose age ranges between 25-55years were purposively selected from designed rural communities in four (04) local government areas of Oyo State. The participants were randomly assigned to CBPA (experimental) and direct teaching method (control) groups. Treatment lasted eight weeks.
Findings: Treatment had a significant main effect on participants’ environmental knowledge (F(1.126) = 88.04; ŋ2 = 0.98) but none on attitude and practices. Participants in the CBPA group had a higher posttest environmental score ( = 23.58) than their counterparts in the control group ( = 10.57). Participants with high level education had slightly higher environmental attitude ( = 60.48) than those with low-level education ( = 59.34). There was no significant main effect of gender on participants’ environmental knowledge, attitude and practices. Level of education was not significant on participants’ environmental knowledge, attitude and practices. The two-way interaction effects of treatment and gender on participants’ environmental knowledge, attitude and practices were not significant. The three-way interaction effect of treatment, gender and level of education was significant on participants’ environmental attitude (F(1.126) = 4.44; ŋ2 = 0.03). Higher attitude score was recorded for low-level education males ( = 62.72) compared with their high-level education counterparts ( = 62.00) while high-level education females had higher attitude ( = 65.09) than low-level education females ( = 64.73).
Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that more health personnel should be recruited in the rural communities to monitor environmental sanitation with an enhanced communal effort in solving environmental problems.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The sudy provides empirical evidence on the impact of the Community-Based Paricipatory Approach on the people of rural communities towards maintenance and sustainance of healthy environment.
LOS ASUNTOS KADI, YUSUF Y CHAFIQ AYADI: CUESTIONES DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: RIPOL CARULLA SANTIAGO 
Published: March 2022

Las Sentencias dictadas por el Tribunal de Primera Instancia en los asuntos Kadi, Yusuf y Chafiq Ayadi resuelven los recursos de anulación interpuestos contra las acciones emprendidas por la UE para dar ejecución a las resoluciones aprobadas por el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas, en la lucha contra el terrorismo. Consideraban los recurrentes, entre otras cosas, que estas normas y acciones vulneraban sus derechos fundamentales.
El examen de estas Sentencias permite advertir que el TPI realiza en uso poco preciso de la noción de ius cogens internacional, poniendo en evidencia las dificultades de los tribunales «constitucionales» cuando, para garantizar el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, recurren a textos también «constitucionales» ajenos al ordenamiento jurídico en cuyo marco ejercen jurisdicción.
Lehen Auzialdiko Epaitegiak Kadi, Yusuf eta Chafig Avadi auzietan emandako erabakiek honako hauek ebazten dituzte: NBEren Segurtasun Kontseiluak terrorismoaren aurkako borrokan onartutako ebazpenak betearazteko EBk abiarazitako ekintzen kontra ezarritako baliogabetze-errekurtsoak. Errekurtsoa aurkeztu zutenek uste zuten arau eta ekintza horiek beren oinarrizko eskubideak urratzen zituztela, besteak beste. Epai horiek aztertuz gero ikusiko dugu Lehen Auzialdiko Epaitegiak zehaztasunik gabe erabiltzen duela nazioarteko ius cogens adiera, eta agerian geratuko dira auzitegi «konstituzionalek» eurek kausitzen dituzten zailtasunak, beren jurisdikzio-esparruaz kanpoko testu «konstituzionaletara» jo behar izaten
dutenean oinarrizko eskubideak errespeta daitezen bermatzearren.
The judgments on Kadi, Yusuf and Chafiq Ayadi cases delivered by the Court of First Instance solved the annulment actions lodged against EU acts for the implementation of the Resolutions enacted the United Nations¿ Security Council in the fight against terrorism. The applicantss did consider, among other reasons, that these rules and acts infringed their fundamental rights. The analysis of these judgments enable us to notize that the Court of First
Instance makes a not very precise use of the international Ius cogens term showing up the difficulties Constitutional Courts come accross when with the purpose of protecting fundamental rights they turn to constitutional texts alien to their own legal orders.