bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance for the Design of Vibrotactile Patterns for Use on the Human Back
Authors: Kapppers Astrid M. L. , Plaisier Myrthe A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an overview of parameters that are of relevance for the perception of vibrotactile patterns on the back. These patterns are delivered via varying numbers of vibration motors fixed to the back rest of a chair, vests or belts. We present recent findings from the literature about vibrotactile anisotropy, timing, spacing, anchor points, resolution and intensity. From this overview, we derive recommendations that should be considered when designing a vibrotactile device for the back. The main recommendations are: 1) Use sequential stimulation for conveying spatial patterns; 2) Avoid tactors on the spine; 3) For a rectangular grid $$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

tactors seems optimal; 4) Carefully consider relative horizontal and vertical spacing. We hope that this overview will raise awareness of several issues that play a role in perception and that our recommendations will provide guidance when designing vibrotactile communication devices.
Führen in agilen Organisationsstrukturen
Authors: Grimm Julian , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der Globalisierung, der Auswirkungen einer VUCA-Welt sowie der hiermit verbundenen Anforderungen an resiliente Organisationen und Mitarbeitende stoßen klassische Führungsansätze vermeintlich an ihre Grenzen. So sind neue Ansätze gefragt, um das Bestehen und die Weiterentwicklung von Unternehmen sicherzustellen. Dem Konzept der agilen Führung kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Agile Führung ist keine klar umschriebene Führungstheorie mit einer einheitlichen Definition, sondern eher ein neues, sich im Wandel befindendes Konzept. Dabei wird agile Führung als Abkehr von klassischen Top-down-Führungskonzepten empfunden. Mitarbeitende übernehmen in agiler Führung mehr Verantwortung, und die Rolle der Führungskraft ändert sich. Das vorliegende Kapitel untersucht die Voraussetzungen, Ansätze und Ausprägungen agiler Führung sowie die Auswirkungen auf die Mitarbeitenden aus Praxissicht in Form einer qualitativen Untersuchung.
The Impact of International Organizations on the Field of Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Orr Dominic 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that international organizations (IOs) are struggling to fulfill their mandate for change and improvement of society across the globe, and that they have been increasingly turning to open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) as part of their portfolio. Harnessing ODDE could be described as a “light-footed solution” for IOs and discussing and ideating around ODDE can be achieved without directly coming into conflict with the political and regulatory framework conditions of a specific country or region that formal educational systems and their institutions are usually entrenched in. This creates a situation in which there is a common discourse among IOs around the challenges that online and distance education should be tackling and an expectation that digital solutions can contribute to them. It is, however, also important to note that IOs focus on setting agendas and norms, but do not implement practices. This leaves a huge gap for ODDE that should be filled by research on what is implemented and “what really works,” but also why certain configurations around ODDE work in certain settings. This may require a more inclusive research framework with a focus on non-formal learning environments. Linking ODDE research to more expansive ideas of “learning in the wild,” that is, also outside of formal settings, will better reflect both the reality of learners in today’s digital world, and provide a foundation for contributing to better IO policies and supporting practices.
A universe field theory for JT gravity
Authors: Post Boris , van der Heijden Jeremy , Verlinde Erik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a field theory description for the non-perturbative splitting and joining of baby universes in Euclidean Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We show how the gravitational path integral, defined as a sum over topologies, can be reproduced from the perturbative expansion of a Kodaira-Spencer (KS) field theory for the complex structure deformations of the spectral curve. We use that the Schwinger-Dyson equations for the KS theory can be mapped to the topological recursion relations. We refer to this dual description of JT gravity as a ‘universe field theory’. By introducing non-compact D-branes in the target space geometry, we can probe non-perturbative aspects of JT gravity. The relevant operators are obtained through a modification of the JT path integral with Neumann boundary conditions. The KS/JT identification suggests that the ensemble average for JT gravity can be understood in terms of a more standard open/closed duality in topological string theory.
Fgfr2b signaling is essential for the maintenance of the alveolar epithelial type 2 lineage during lung homeostasis in mice
Authors: Ahmadvand Negah , Lingampally Arun , Khosravi Farhad , Vazquez-Armendariz Ana Ivonne , Rivetti Stefano , Jones Matthew R. , Wilhelm Jochen , Herold Susanne , Barreto Guillermo , Koepke Janine , Samakovlis Christos , Carraro Gianni , Zhang Jin-San , Al Alam Denise , Bellusci Saverio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b) signaling is essential throughout lung development to form the alveolar epithelial lineage. However, its role in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s) homeostasis was recently considered dispensable. SftpcCreERT2; Fgfr2bflox/flox; tdTomatoflox/flox mice were used to delete Fgfr2b expression in cells belonging to the AT2 lineage, which contains mature AT2s and a novel SftpcLow lineage-traced population called “injury activated alveolar progenitors” or IAAPs. Upon continuous tamoxifen exposure for either 1 or 2 weeks to delete Fgfr2b, a shrinking of the AT2 population is observed. Mature AT2s exit the cell cycle, undergo apoptosis and fail to form alveolospheres in vitro. However, the lung morphometry appears normal, suggesting the involvement of compensatory mechanisms. In mutant lungs, IAAPs which escaped Fgfr2b deletion expand, display enhanced alveolosphere formation in vitro and increase drastically their AT2 signature, suggesting differentiation towards mature AT2s. Interestingly, a significant increase in AT2s and decrease in IAPPs occurs after a 1-week tamoxifen exposure followed by an 8-week chase period. Although mature AT2s partially recover their alveolosphere formation capabilities, the IAAPs no longer display this property. Single-cell RNA seq analysis confirms that AT2s and IAAPs represent stable and distinct cell populations and recapitulate some of their characteristics observed in vivo. Our results underscore the essential role played by Fgfr2b signaling in the maintenance of the AT2 lineage in the adult lung during homeostasis and suggest that the IAAPs could represent a new population of AT2 progenitors.
IgM-associated gut bacteria in obesity and type 2 diabetes in C57BL/6 mice and humans
Authors: Pearson James A. , Ding Heyuan , Hu Changyun , Peng Jian , Galuppo Brittany , Wong F. Susan , Caprio Sonia , Santoro Nicola , Wen Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/hypothesisIgM is the primary antibody produced by B cells and we hypothesise that IgM antibodies to gut microbiota may play a role in immunometabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes. To test our hypothesis, we used B6 mice deficient in activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aid−/−[also known asAicda−/−]) which secrete only IgM antibodies, and human faecal samples.MethodsWe studied the immunometabolic effects and gut microbial changes in high-fat-diet-induced obesity (HFDIO) inAid−/−B6 mice compared with wild-type mice. To determine similarities between mice and humans, human stool samples were collected from children and adolescents who were obese with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), obese with glucose intolerance (IGT), or obese and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, for faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) into germ-free (GF) B6 mice and we assessed IgM-bound bacteria and immune responses.ResultsCompared with wild-type mice,Aid−/−B6 mice developed exacerbated HFDIO due to abundant levels of IgM. FMT fromAid−/−B6 to GF B6 mice promoted greater weight gain in recipient mice compared with FMT using wild-type mouse faecal microbiota. Obese youth with type 2 diabetes had more IgM-bound gut bacteria. Using the stools from the obese youth with type 2 diabetes for FMT to GF B6 mice, we observed that the gut microbiota promoted body weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance in the recipient GF B6 mice. Importantly, some clinical features of these obese young individuals were mirrored in the GF B6 mice following FMT.Conclusions/interpretationOur results suggest that IgM-bound gut microbiota may play an important role in the immuno-pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and provide a novel link between IgM in obesity and type 2 diabetes in both mice and humans.Data availabilityThe 16s rRNA sequencing datasets supporting the current study have been deposited in the NCBI SRA public repository (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra; accession no. SAMN18796639).Graphical abstract
Genomic characterization of three bacteriophages targeting multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia, Klebsiella and Salmonella
Authors: Nepal Roshan , Houtak Ghais , Karki Sumeena , Dhungana Gunaraj , Vreugde Sarah , Malla Rajani 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApplication of bacteriophages (phages) to treat complex multidrug-resistant bacterial infection is gaining traction because of its efficacy and universal availability. However, as phages are specific to their host, a diverse collection of locally isolated phage from various geographical locations is required to formulate a wide host range phage cocktail. Here, we report morphological and genomic features of three newly isolated phages from river water of the urban region in Kathmandu, Nepal, targeting three different bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica.) from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Morphological identification and genome analysis indicated that two phages (Escherichia phage vB_EcoM_TU01 and Klebsiella phage vB_KpnP_TU02) were strictly lytic and free from integrases, virulence factors, toxins and known antimicrobial resistance genes, whereas Salmonella phage vB_SalS_TU03 was possibly a temperate phage. The genomic features of these phages indicate that natural phages are capable of lysing pathogenic bacteria and may have potential in bacterial biocontrol.
Artificial intelligence-based PET denoising could allow a two-fold reduction in [18F]FDG PET acquisition time in digital PET/CT
Authors: Weyts Kathleen , Lasnon Charline , Ciappuccini Renaud , Lequesne Justine , Corroyer-Dulmont Aurélien , Quak Elske , Clarisse Bénédicte , Roussel Laurent , Bardet Stéphane , Jaudet Cyril 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI)-based denoising halves PET acquisition time in digital PET/CT.

Methods
One hundred ninety-five patients referred for [18F]FDG PET/CT were prospectively included. Body PET acquisitions were performed in list mode. Original “PET90” (90 s/bed position) was compared to reconstructed ½-duration PET (45 s/bed position) with and without AI-denoising, “PET45AI and PET45”. Denoising was performed by SubtlePET™ using deep convolutional neural networks. Visual global image quality (IQ) 3-point scores and lesion detectability were evaluated. Lesion maximal and peak standardized uptake values using lean body mass (SULmax and SULpeak), metabolic volumes (MV), and liver SULmean were measured, including both standard and EARL1 (European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd) compliant SUL. Lesion-to-liver SUL ratios (LLR) and liver coefficients of variation (CVliv) were calculated.

Results
PET45 showed mediocre IQ (scored poor in 8% and moderate in 68%) and lesion concordance rate with PET90 (88.7%). In PET45AI, IQ scores were similar to PET90 (P = 0.80), good in 92% and moderate in 8% for both. The lesion concordance rate between PET90 and PET45AI was 836/856 (97.7%), with 7 lesions (0.8%) only detected in PET90 and 13 (1.5%) exclusively in PET45AI. Lesion EARL1 SULpeak was not significantly different between both PET (P = 0.09). Lesion standard SULpeak, standard and EARL1 SULmax, LLR and CVliv were lower in PET45AI than in PET90 (P < 0.0001), while lesion MV and liver SULmean were higher (P < 0.0001). Good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between PET90 and PET45AI were observed for lesion SUL and MV (ICC ≥ 0.97) and for liver SULmean (ICC ≥ 0.87).

Conclusion
AI allows [18F]FDG PET duration in digital PET/CT to be halved, while restoring degraded ½-duration PET image quality. Future multicentric studies, including other PET radiopharmaceuticals, are warranted.
Sensitive and specific detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis through dual-modality magnetic particle imaging and fluorescence molecular imaging: a preclinical evaluation
Authors: Wang Guorong , Li Wenzhe , Shi Guangyuan , Tian Yu , Kong Lingyan , Ding Ning , Lei Jing , Jin Zhengyu , Tian Jie , Du Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A sensitive and specific imaging method to detect metastatic cancer cells in lymph nodes to detect the early-stage breast cancer is still a challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel breast cancer–targeting and tumour microenvironment ATP-responsive superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) imaging probe (abbreviated as SPIOs@A-T) that was developed to detect lymph node metastasis through fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI).

Methods
The conjugation of the targeted peptide CREKA and SPIOs was via linker sulfo-SMCC, while the dsDNA-Cy5.5 was modified on SPIOs through the conjugation between maleimide group in sulfo-SMCC and sulfydryl group in dsDNA-Cy5.5. SPIOs@A-T was characterised for its imaging properties, targeting ability and toxicity in vitro. Mice with metastatic lymph node (MLN) of breast cancer were established to evaluate the FMI and MPI imaging strategy in vivo. Healthy mice with normal lymph node (NLN) were used as control group. Histological examination and biosafety evaluation were performed for further assessment.

Results
After injection with SPIOs@A-T, the obvious high fluorescent intensity and MPI signal were observed in MLN group than those in NLN group. FMI can specifically light up MLN using an ATP-responsive fluorescence design. On the other hand, MPI could complement the limitation of imaging depth from FMI and could detect MLN more sensitively. Besides, the biosafety evaluation results showed SPIOs@A-T had no detectable biological toxicity.

Conclusion
SPIOs@A-T imaging probe in combination with FMI and MPI can provide a promising novel method for the precise detection of MLN in vivo.
Predicting treatment outcome in depression: an introduction into current concepts and challenges
Authors: Rost Nicolas , Binder Elisabeth B. , Brückl Tanja M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImproving response and remission rates in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains an important challenge. Matching patients to the treatment they will most likely respond to should be the ultimate goal. Even though numerous studies have investigated patient-specific indicators of treatment efficacy, no (bio)markers or empirical tests for use in clinical practice have resulted as of now. Therefore, clinical decisions regarding the treatment of MDD still have to be made on the basis of questionnaire- or interview-based assessments and general guidelines without the support of a (laboratory) test. We conducted a narrative review of current approaches to characterize and predict outcome to pharmacological treatments in MDD. We particularly focused on findings from newer computational studies using machine learning and on the resulting implementation into clinical decision support systems. The main issues seem to rest upon the unavailability of robust predictive variables and the lacking application of empirical findings and predictive models in clinical practice. We outline several challenges that need to be tackled on different stages of the translational process, from current concepts and definitions to generalizable prediction models and their successful implementation into digital support systems. By bridging the addressed gaps in translational psychiatric research, advances in data quantity and new technologies may enable the next steps toward precision psychiatry.
Genome editing and beyond: what does it mean for the future of plant breeding?
Authors: Van Vu Tien , Das Swati , Hensel Goetz , Kim Jae-Yean 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Genome editing offers revolutionized solutions for plant breeding to sustain food production to feed the world by 2050. Therefore, genome-edited products are increasingly recognized via more relaxed legislation and community adoption.

Abstract
The world population and food production are disproportionally growing in a manner that would have never matched each other under the current agricultural practices. The emerging crisis is more evident with the subtle changes in climate and the running-off of natural genetic resources that could be easily used in breeding in conventional ways. Under these circumstances, affordable CRISPR-Cas-based gene-editing technologies have brought hope and charged the old plant breeding machine with the most energetic and powerful fuel to address the challenges involved in feeding the world. What makes CRISPR-Cas the most powerful gene-editing technology? What are the differences between it and the other genetic engineering/breeding techniques? Would its products be labeled as "conventional" or "GMO"? There are so many questions to be answered, or that cannot be answered within the limitations of our current understanding. Therefore, we would like to discuss and answer some of the mentioned questions regarding recent progress in technology development. We hope this review will offer another view on the role of CRISPR-Cas technology in future of plant breeding for food production and beyond.
Comparative analysis of lateral maxillary sinus augmentation with a xenogeneic bone substitute material in combination with piezosurgical preparation and bony wall repositioning or rotary instrumentation and membrane coverage: a prospective randomized clinical and histological study
Authors: Molnár Bálint , Jung Anne-Kathrin , Papp Zsuzsanna , Martin Anna , Orbán Kristóf , Pröhl Annica , Jung Ole , Barbeck Mike , Windisch Péter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The present randomized controlled clinical study aimed to investigate if, in lateral maxillary sinus augmentation, the repositioned bony wall or the application of a collagen membrane results in more preferable new hard tissue formation.

Materials and methods
Forty patients were divided into two study groups. Both groups received a xenogeneic bone substitute material (BSM) during lateral sinus augmentation. In the bony wall group (BW), following piezosurgery, the retrieved bony wall was repositioned. In the collagen membrane group (CM), following rotary instrument preparation, collagen membrane coverage was applied. After 6 months, biopsies were taken to histologically analyze the percentage of BSM, connective tissue (CT), and newly formed bone (NFB) following both approaches.

Results
Forty implants were placed and 29 harvested biopsies could be evaluated. Duration of surgery, membrane perforations, and VAS were detected. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed comparable amounts of all analyzed parameters in both groups in descending order: CT (BW: 39.2 ± 9%, CM: 37,9 ± 8.5%) > BSM (BW: 32.9 ± 6.3%, CM: 31.8 ± 8.8%) > NB (BW: 27.8 ± 11.2%, CM: 30.3 ± 4.5%).

Conclusions
The results of the present study show that the closure of the access window by means of the retrieved bony wall or a native collagen membrane led to comparable bone augmentation results.

Clinical trial
clinicaltrials.gov NCT04811768.

Clinical relevance
Lateral maxillary sinus augmentation with the application of a xenogeneic BSM in combination with a native collagen membrane for bony window coverage represents a reliable method for surgical reconstruction of the posterior maxilla. Piezosurgery with bony window repositioning delivers comparable outcomes without membrane coverage.
Geldpolitik und Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Hellwig Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractECB President Christine Lagarde and others have suggested that climate change creates risks for price stability and for the viability of counterparties to central bank interventions and therefore monetary policy should contribute to fighting climate change. However, pursuit of this new objective may occassionally conflict with price stability, in which case the legal mandate as well as the underlying rationale for this mandate and for ECB independence call for prioritising price stability. However, monetary policy will have a sustainability problem of its own if the viability of the monetary system is threatened by financial and fiscal instability.
Anaphylactic reaction to carboplatin diagnosed by skin testing—a reliable tool in platinum-based immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Marquart Elias , Jalili Ahmad , Mothes-Luksch Nadine , Wagner Stephan N. , Kinaciyan Tamar 
Published: May 2022

SummaryImmediate-type hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) to carboplatin (CA) are most commonly reported in ovarian cancer patients. A 54-year-old woman with stage IV melanoma suffering from metastasis in the entire right lower extremity was presented to our allergy outpatient clinic for diagnostic work-up due to an anaphylactic reaction with palmoplantar erythema, conjunctivitis along with facial erythema, and an incipient decrease in blood pressure during a chemotherapy regimen with dacarbazine and carboplatin upon re-administration. A subsequently carried out allergological work-up with skin testing (ST) revealed CA to be the culprit drug, whereas cisplatin (CI) was confirmed to be a safe alternative for the patient for following treatments. Here, we report a case of an IHR to carboplatin in a melanoma patient, with CI serving as a safe alternative diagnosed by skin testing.
Deliberating with the Autocrats? A Case Study on the Limitations and Potential of Political CSR in a Non-Democratic Context
Authors: Maier Anna-Lena , Gilbert Dirk Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtant literature on Political CSR and the role of governments in the governance of business conduct tends to neglect key implications of the political-institutional macro-context for public deliberation. Contextual assumptions often remain rather implicit, leading to the need for a more nuanced, explicit and context-sensitive exploration of the theoretical and practical boundary conditions of Political CSR. In non-democratic political-institutional contexts, political pluralism and participation are limited, and governmental agencies continue to play the most central role in regulation and its enforcement. Drawing on a qualitative case study on a nuclear energy project in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, we show how both governments and MNCs co-create a context hostile to socially responsible business conduct in the sense of Political CSR. Utilizing rich qualitative data derived from interviews, public documents, and participant observation between 2008 and 2018, we specifically illuminate how—through which interactions and strategies—the multiple governmental and corporate actors involved counter civil society demands for public deliberation, indicating the limitations of Political CSR in non-democratic political-institutional contexts. We particularly contribute to the development of Political CSR by analysing the role of coercive and discursive forms of power. We thus offer a more nuanced perspective on the role of governments in constraining the room for public deliberation in the sense of Political CSR.