bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Обґрунтування технічних характеристик до систем активного захисту броньованої техніки від FPV-дронів та дронів зі “скидами”
Authors: Соломатін Дмитро , Седляр Андрій , Пасічник Вадим , Луцевят Олександр , Слюсаренко Марина , Попков Сергій 
Published: February 2025

Сучасна війна відрізняється насиченістю засобами та системами озброєння, які мають різне значення та призначення на всіх етапах збройного конфлікту. Цю війну часто називають війною “безпілотників”. Із широким упровадженням безпілотних авіаційних систем у війська вони почали виконувати важливі тактичні задачі на полі бою. Логіка війни визначає, що після появи нових засобів нападу обов’язково з’являються засоби, які чинять їм протидію. Якщо необхідно забезпечити максимальну ефективність розв’язання задачі стосовно протидії безпілотним авіаційним системам, слід використовувати комбінацію різних засобів: радіолокаційних, радіотехнічних, оптико-електронних, тепловізійних, засобів ураження та радіоелектронного подавлення. За роки війни складність та різноманіття систем управління безпілотними авіаційними системами збільшились у багато разів. У зв’язку із цим знадобилося збільшити й кількість засобів знаходження та подавлення безпілотних авіаційних систем, які налаштовані на різні частоти сигналів управління. Тому питання щодо системи активного захисту броньованої техніки від безпілотних авіаційних систем є актуальним.
Зважаючи на викладене вище, слід зазначити, що ця стаття спрямована на обґрунтування технічних характеристик до систем активного захисту броньованої техніки від FPV-дронів (First Person View) та дронів зі “скидами”.
Провідним методом для дослідження цього питання є метод аналізу, що дозволяє комплексно розглянути та обґрунтувати всі технічні характеристики до систем активного захисту броньованої техніки. Досвід війн та збройних конфліктів сучасності свідчить про те, що ефективність виконання військами (силами) завдань за призначенням цілком залежить від наявності у їхньому складі сучасного озброєння та військової техніки, здатних забезпечити надійне ураження противника та захист свого особового складу в бою. При цьому досвід широкомасштабної російсько-української війни наочно підтверджує істотне змінення форм і способів застосування військ (сил) під впливом безпілотних авіаційних систем, а саме FPV-дронів та дронів зі “скидами”.
У статті обґрунтовано технічні вимоги до системи активного захисту броньованої техніки від FPV-дронів та дронів зі “скидами” за допомогою постановки радіоелектронних перешкод, кінетичного впливу, відстрілу антидронових сіток та протидронових систем з автономними модулями.
Матеріали статті становлять практичну цінність для виробників, які мають досвід розроблення такої зброї, а саме для визначення можливості модернізації своїх спецзасобів та адаптування їх для встановлення на бронетанкове озброєння як активний захист від FPV-дронів та дронів зі “скидами”.
ANALISIS MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH KELAS 1 (TELAAH TEORI PRKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF JEAN PIAGET))
Authors: Ariani Yuli , Fitriah  , Noor Fitriah  
Published: February 2025

Pada sebuah pembelajaran salah satu komponen yang tidak kalah penting adalah materi. Penyajian materi pembelajaran kepada siswa haruslah memenuhi kriteria- penyajian materi seperti kesesuaian dengan tingkat perkembangan perkembangan kognitif agar materi mudah diterima dan tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dalam bidang pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penyajian materi Bahasa Arab Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Kelas 1 dengan teori perkembangan kognitif Jean Piaget.
Melalui teknik deskriptif analisis, penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa materi Bahasa Arab Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Kelas 1sudah sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan kognitif peserta didik yaitu tahap operasional konkret (7-11 tahun) berdasarkan teori Jean Piaget.
EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN BAHAYA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA
Authors: Tri Velyna  
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This research aims to reveal the effectiveness of group guidance services in increasing the understanding of class VIII students at BP Darush Sholah Middle School regarding the dangers of drug abuse.
A research approach using a Quasi Experiment with a Pretest and Posttest Control Group Design was used to test whether group guidance services could increase students' understanding of the dangers of drug abuse. Two groups were selected using purposive sampling, namely students in class VIIIA and VIIIB at SMP BP Darush Sholah. Each group consists of 10 students. Group guidance services are applied to the experimental group, while group guidance services are not provided to the control group. Data on students' understanding of the dangers of drugs was collected using a Likert scale, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Kolmogorov Smirnov Two Independent Samples with the help of SPSS version 20.00.
The findings of this research are (1) there was a significant increase in students' understanding scores about the dangers of drugs after being given group guidance service treatment, (2) there was no increase in students' understanding scores about the dangers of drugs who were not given group guidance service treatment, (3) there were differences significant score of students' understanding of the dangers of drugs in the experimental group compared to the control group. Based on research findings, it can be concluded that students' understanding of the dangers of drugs can be improved through group guidance servic
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penurunan Kehadiran Pemuda dalam Ibadah Persekutuan di GMIST Musafir Kota Manado
Authors: Esmeralda Pinodolong  , Yohan Brek  , Lira In Makanoneng  , Tamalonggehe Nadajasia Rosseto , Rachel Clarisa Dolongseda  
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan kehadiran pemuda dalam ibadah persekutuan di Jemaat GMIST Musafir Kota Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa faktor utama yang mempengaruhi rendahnya partisipasi pemuda antara lain adalah ketidakpercayaan diri saat memimpin ibadah, ketergantungan pada ajakan teman, dan kebosanan akibat ibadah yang monoton serta kurang menarik. Faktor internal seperti rasa minder dan kurangnya kesadaran akan peran pemuda dalam gereja turut memperburuk situasi. Sementara itu, faktor eksternal seperti kurangnya dukungan gereja, pengaruh lingkungan pergaulan, serta kesibukan pemuda dalam aktivitas sehari-hari juga berperan signifikan. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan kreatif dan inovatif dalam ibadah serta dukungan gereja dan keluarga untuk meningkatkan partisipasi pemuda.
Patrimoine immobilier locatif et mobilité sociale :
les économies domestiques de propriétaires de classes populaires et
immigrées
Authors: Vignal Cécile 
Published: February 2025

Cadre de la recherche : Dans un contexte
français d’accès généralisé à la propriété immobilière depuis les années 1980,
la propriété locative est longtemps restée le parent pauvre de l’analyse
sociologique au profit de l’analyse de la propriété occupante.

Objectifs : Cet article vise à mesurer les modalités
d’accumulation d’un patrimoine locatif pour des familles de classes populaires
selon les générations et le genre et à en mesurer les effets sur les
trajectoires sociales.

Méthodologie :
L’article s’appuie sur l’exploitation statistique de l’enquête « Histoire de Vie
et Patrimoine » (2017-2018) de l’Institut National de la Statistiques et des
Etudes Economiques (Insee) et sur le matériau constitué par une enquête par
entretiens auprès de 30 propriétaires bailleurs de classes supérieures, moyennes
et populaires de l’agglomération de Lille. Cet article focalise l’analyse sur
dix enquêtés de classes populaires dont l’un connaît une forte ascension sociale
vers les classes moyennes : 5 femmes et 5 hommes, âgés de 43 à 75 ans, d’origine
immigrée principalement maghrébine.

Résultats : L’analyse montre l’importance du travail matériel
d’autoréhabilitation et de division des logements qui a permis de devenir
propriétaire puis bailleur. La rente locative apparaît comme un moyen de
stabiliser l’économie du groupe familial, comme une forme de « travail de
subsistance » (Collectif Rosa Bonheur, 2019). Être propriétaire bailleur est un
marqueur de réussite sociale pour les familles immigrées soutenant la mobilité
sociale des enfants. L’égalité des droits de propriété sert, après une
séparation ou un décès, l’autonomie des femmes qui sont parvenues à défendre la
part du patrimoine qui leur revenait.

Conclusions : L’article aide à comprendre la mobilisation du groupe de
parenté dans le contexte d’économies domestiques populaires et le rôle de
l’espace urbain désindustrialisé dans la constitution d’un patrimoine immobilier
et d’une rente locative.

Contribution :
L’article contribue à la sociologie de la propriété des classes populaires et
immigrées et au renouvellement des analyses sur la stratification sociale.
Use of UV Absorbance To Monitor Furans in Dilute Acid Hydrolysates of Biomass
Authors: Martinez Alfredo , Rodriguez Maria E. , York Sean W. , Preston James F. , Ingram Lonnie O. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA simple method based on UV spectra was developed for the estimation of total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) in hemicellulose hydrolysates. UV spectra of hemicellulose hydrolysate contained a single dominant peak at around 278 nm. Approximately two‐thirds of this peak can be attributed to furan absorbance (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural). At 284 nm, both furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural have equal absorbance on a weight basis. A comparison of HPLC determinations for different samples of hydrolysate was used to develop a simple equation that allows the accurate prediction of total furans based on the difference in absorbance at 284 and 320 nm. This method may prove useful for quality control applications during the production of biomass syrups using a dilute acid hydrolysis process and during treatments for the amelioration of toxins. Although furans represent only a portion of the toxins present in hemicellulose hydrolysates, the abundance of furans appears to serve as a useful marker to predict relative toxicity.
Immobilization of β‐Galactosidase on Fibrous Matrix by Polyethyleneimine for Production of Galacto‐Oligosaccharides from Lactose
Authors: Albayrak Nedim , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe production of galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose by Aspergillus oryzae β‐galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth was studied. A novel method of enzyme immobilization involving PEI–enzyme aggregate formation and growth of aggregates on individual fibrils of cotton cloth leading to multilayer immobilization of the enzyme was developed. A large amount of enzyme was immobilized (250 mg/g support) with about 90–95% efficiency. A maximum GOS production of 25–26% (w/w) was achieved at near 50% lactose conversion from 400 g/L of lactose at pH 4.5 and 40 °C. Tri‐ and tetrasaccharides were the major types of GOS formed, accounting for about 70% and 25% of the total GOS produced in the reactions, respectively. Temperature and pH affected not only the reaction rate but also GOS yield to some extend. A reaction pH of 6.0 increased GOS yield by as much as 10% compared with that of pH 4.5 while decreased the reaction rate of immobilized enzyme. The cotton cloth as the support matrix for enzyme immobilization did not affect the GOS formation characteristics of the enzyme under the same reaction conditions, suggesting diffusion limitation was negligible in the packed bed reactor and the enzyme carrier. Increase in the thermal stability of PEI‐immobilized enzyme was also observed. The half‐life for the immobilized enzyme on cotton cloth was close to 1 year at 40 °C and 21 days at 50 °C. Stable, continuous operation in a plug‐flow reactor was demonstrated for about 3 days without any apparent problem. A maximum GOS production of 26% (w/w) of total sugars was attained at 50% lactose conversion with a feed containing 400 g/L of lactose at pH 4.5 and 40 °C. The corresponding reactor productivity was 6 kg/L/h, which is several‐hundred‐fold higher than those previously reported.
Appearance of Protease Activities Coincides with p10 and Polyhedrin‐Driven Protein Production in the Baculovirus Expression System: Effects on Yield
Authors: Naggie S. , Bentley W. E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA study of proteolysis effects on recombinant protein yield was completed using the insect cell (Sf‐9) ‐baculovirus (AcNPV) expression system. Activities of protease and β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), a marker heterologous protein, were assayed at various multiplicities of infection (MOI = 1, 5, and 20) on a time course postinfection. Also, several protein−substrate gel electrophoresis assays were run using gelatin, β‐gal, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the gel matrix, to determine the protein specificity of the proteases. The most abundant protease activity (cysteine), found at 49 kDa, degraded all three substrates, pre‐ and post‐infection. Two other protease activities (40 and 36 kDa) appeared on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels after 72 hpi (hours postinfection) . In addition, the culture with the highest MOI had the highest β‐gal activity until 72 hpi, when the activity dramatically decreased coincidentally with a 2.5‐fold increase in protease activity. This result and the electrophoresis evidence that the protease is specific to β‐gal, indicate that there is a negative correlation between protease activity and recombinant protein yield. These results guide efforts to control product‐degrading proteolysis in insect cell‐baculovirus expression systems by harvest timing and the addition of protease inhibitors.
Modeling and Analysis of the Affinity Filtration Process, Including Broth Feeding, Washing, and Elution Steps
Authors: He L.‐Z. , Dong X.‐Y. , Sun Yan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAffinity filtration is a developing protein purification technique that combines the high selectivity of affinity chromatography and the high processing speed of membrane filtration. In this work a lumped kinetic model was developed to describe the whole affinity filtration process, including broth feeding, contaminant washing, and elution steps. Affinity filtration experiments were conducted to evaluate the model using bovine serum albumin as a model protein and a highly substituted Blue Sepharose as an affinity adsorbent. The model with nonadjustable parameters agreed fairly to the experimental results. Thus, the performance of the affinity filtration in processing a crude broth containing contaminant proteins was analyzed by computer simulations using the lumped model. The simulation results show that there is an optimal protein loading for obtaining the maximum recovery yield of the desired protein with a constant purity at each operating condition. The concentration of a crude broth is beneficial in increasing the recovery yield of the desired protein. Using a constant amount of the affinity adsorbent, the recovery yield can be enhanced by decreasing the solution volume in the stirred tank due to the increase of the adsorbent weight fraction. It was found that the lumped kinetic model was simple and useful in analyzing the whole affinity filtration process.
Sensitivity patterns to house dust mites and forage mites in atopic dogs: 150 cases
Authors: Bensignor Emmanuel , Carlotti Didier N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study investigated intradermal test reactions to extracts of six species of mites in 150 dogs with atopic dermatitis. At least one positive reaction was seen in 120 animals (80%).Dermatophagoides farinaeattracted the highest number of positive reactions (108 dogs, 90% of dogs and 72% of atopic dogs showing positive reactions). Positive reactions to other mites were not uncommon, with many dogs testing positive forDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(32% of dogs tested),Acarus siro(35%),Tyrophagus putrescentiae(30%),Glycyphagus domesticus(27%) andLepidoglyphus destructor(23%). Sensitivity toD. farinaealone occurred commonly (57% of cases), but multiple sensitivities were seen frequently with the other mites. Cases of sensitivity to only one mite were also seen:D. pteronyssinus(five cases),T. putrescentiae(one case) andG. domesticus(one case). Further studies are needed to appreciate more clearly the precise role played by the different species of mite in canine atopic dermatitis.
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis screening for mutations in the hereditary hyperferritinaemia cataract syndrome
Authors: Giansily Muriel , Beaumont Carole , Desveaux Cyrille , Hetet Gilles , Schved Jean‐François , Aguilar‐Martinez Patricia 
Published: July 2002

Hereditary hyperferritinaemia cataract syndrome (HHCS) is characterized by hyperferritinaemia without iron overload. It is essential to differentiate true iron accumulation from HHCS as these patients rapidly develop iron‐deficient anaemia when subjected to phlebotomies. The diagnosis of HHCS relies on the identification of point mutations or deletions present in the iron‐responsive element of the first exon of the L‐ferritin gene. However, many samples referred for diagnosis of putative HHCS are normal. To avoid unnecessary DNA sequencing, we have developed a diagnosis strategy based on the screening of the target DNA region by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. This method enabled the accurate identification of 11 different previously known mutations. This strategy will be of interest for family studies or for the screening of large series of patients.
Palynological evidence for 19th century grazing‐induced vegetation change in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Dull Robert A. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aim Stratigraphic pollen records are used to assess historic vegetation changes that have transpired in a North American mountain meadow since the introduction of Old World livestock species in the middle 1800s. Location Monache Meadows is located on the Kern Plateau in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, California, U.S.A. It is situated along the upper reaches of the South Fork Kern River in the southernmost drainage basin of the Sierra Nevada. Methods Short core samples of meadow sediments were extracted from five locations throughout Monache Meadows. These five samples are classified according to topographic position within the meadow – two upper meadow sites and three lower meadow sites. Stratigraphic analyses of fossil pollen from each core were used to assess vegetation composition before the introduction of European livestock (pre1850) and throughout the historic period (1850–present). The historic period geochronology is based on 210Pb dating of selected strata from each core. Results
Riccia was a dominant taxon in the upper meadow before the introduction of grazing; Salix seems to have been more abundant in the lower meadow. Both Riccia and Salix decreased dramatically by c.1900, coeval with marked increases in Artemisia (upper meadow) and Cyperaceae (upper and lower meadows). Main conclusions Changes in meadow vegetation occurring during the latter part of the 19th century at Monache Meadows are attributed primarily to the introduction of European livestock (sheep and cattle). Other factors that may have contributed to the observed shifts in composition and dominance include changes in native herbivore populations and decreased fire frequency as a result of 20th century fire suppression policies.
Evaluation of liquidized normal food as an alternative for PEG‐fed patients
Authors: White S. , Clark S. , Torrance A. , Bottrill P. , Matthewson K. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Background: An in vitro study has been undertaken to determine whether liquidized normal food might prove a satisfactory alternative to commercial feed for patients dependent on PEG feeding. Methods: Five different recipes (A to E) were compared with Nutrison Standard in terms of nutritional content, cost, ease of preparation, microbiological safety and flow characteristics. Results: Nutritional content of the recipes was broadly comparable with Nutrison, whilst the most expensive of the recipes was only 58% of the cost. The maximum preparation time, excluding cooking time, was only 15 min and the flow characteristics of recipes B, D and E were comparable to that of Nutrison Standard. Aerobic plate counts of the recipes after 24 h refrigeration were within acceptable limits for nonimmunocompromised patients and no specific pathogens were cultured. Conclusions: Recipes B, D and E might prove satisfactory alternatives to commercial feeds for some PEG‐dependent patients.
Interpregnancy nutrition intervention with mothers of low‐birthweight babies living in an inner city area: a feasibility study
Authors: Doyle W. , Crawford M. A. , Srivastava A. , Costeloe K. L. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Background: Inadequate maternal nutrition around the time of conception is reported to be associated with nongenetic congenital abnormalities and with low birthweight. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counselling during the interpregnancy interval for women who have had a low‐birthweight baby, who live in an inner city area, and whose diets have been assessed as inadequate. Method: Mothers who had a low‐birthweight baby and planned to have another baby were recruited into a pilot preconception nutrition counselling trial. Seven‐day diet diaries were used to assess the dietary intakes of mothers before and after exposure to counselling. Results: Of 152 mothers interviewed, 111 (73%) agreed to participate; 77 (51%) participants completed 7‐day diet diaries; of these, the calculated micronutrient intake of 70 (91%) was arbitrarily defined as ‘inadequate’, meeting fewer than four of 16 Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs). Forty‐one (59%) of the 70 mothers with an ‘inadequate’ diet completed a second diary after 6 months exposure to nutrition counselling. Following the counselling period, the intake of few nutrients increased above the 5% level, although the trend was towards an improved dietary intake. Conclusions: Dietary counselling on its own in the interpregnancy period is unlikely to improve nutritional status of mothers in this inner city population.
SHORT REPORT: Suitability of revised UK reference data for the assessment of nutritional status in 7‐year‐old children
Authors: Reilly J.J. , Savage S.A.H. , Ruxton C.H.S. , Kirk T.R. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Introduction: Nutritional assessment in clinical practice and epidemiology requires comparison of anthropometric measurements with appropriate reference data, but the reference data recommended for the UK are largely untested. The aim of the present study was to test the suitability of the ‘Revised UK 1990’ reference data for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of 7‐year‐old children. Methods: Measurements made in 255 children in Edinburgh (n=123 girls; 132 boys) were compared with the ‘Revised UK 1990’ reference data using standard deviation (SD) scores. The proportion of children both expected and observed to fall below the 10th centile and above the 90th centile were calculated. Results: In boys, mean (±SD) scores were not significantly different from zero for height (−0.02±0.95), weight (0.07±1.01) and BMI (0.10±1.03), and there was good agreement between expected and observed frequencies <10th and >90th centiles for all three variables. In the girls, mean (±SD) scores did not differ significantly from zero: height (−0.08±0.91); weight (−0.18±0.98); BMI (−0.18±1.02), and there were no significant differences relative to the 10th and 90th centile cut‐offs for height and BMI. Conclusion: This study supports the use of the currently recommended height, weight and BMI reference data to define under‐ and over‐weight for height in children.