bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hauptstudie zur Charakterisierung der Rollen
Authors: Knauf Rhea-Katharina 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungFür die Hauptstudie wird das RoleGrid um Items zu Cyberbullying erweitert. Das erweiterte RoleGrid und der SKARB-Fragebogen werden an einer Stichprobe von 1174 Schülerinnen und Schülern der Stufen sechs bis zehn zusammengebracht, um die Rollen im Bullying-Gefüge hinsichtlich ihrer sozial-kognitiven und affektiven Reaktionen zu charakterisieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden Mehrebenenregressionen gerechnet, welche bekräftigen, dass sich die Rollen in Hinblick auf Empathie, Moral Disengagement, Verantwortungsgefühl und Verteidiger-Selbstwirksamkeit unterscheiden. Besonders klar zeichnen sich die Unterschiede – auch bei Berücksichtigung von Klassenstufe und Geschlecht – zwischen Verteidigern und Tätern bzw. Täter-Verstärkern ab.
Gesamtdiskussion
Authors: Knauf Rhea-Katharina 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie zentralen Befunde der Studien werden zusammengefasst und theoretische Schlussfolgerungen gezogen. Die Stärken und Grenzen der Arbeit werden aufgezeigt und ein Forschungsausblick gegeben. Die Diskussion endet mit den Praxisimplikationen und einem abschließenden Fazit.
Power Signature for Multimedia Forensics
Authors: Hajj-Ahmad Adi , Wong Chau-Wai , Choi Jisoo , Wu Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere has been an increasing amount of work surrounding the Electric Network Frequency (ENF) signal, an environmental signature captured by audio and video recordings made in locations where there is electrical activity. ENF is the frequency of power distribution networks, 60 Hz in most of the Americas and 50 Hz in most other parts of the world. The ubiquity of this power signature and the appearance of its traces in media recordings motivated its early application toward time–location authentication of audio recordings. Since then, more work has been done toward utilizing this signature for other forensic applications, such as inferring the grid in which a recording was made, as well as applications beyond forensics, such as temporally synchronizing media pieces. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the research work that has been done on the ENF signal and to provide an outlook for the future.
Data-Driven Digital Integrity Verification
Authors: Cozzolino Davide , Poggi Giovanni , Verdoliva Luisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImages and videos are by now a dominant part of the information flowing on the Internet and the preferred communication means for younger generations. Besides providing information, they elicit emotional responses, much stronger than text does. It is probably for these reasons that the advent of AI-powered deepfakes, realistic and relatively easy to generate, has raised great concern among governments and ordinary people alike.
Video Frame Deletion and Duplication
Authors: Long Chengjiang , Basharat Arslan , Hoogs Anthony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVideos can be manipulated in a number of different ways, including object addition or removal, deep fake videos, temporal removal or duplication of parts of the video, etc. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the previous work related to video frame deletion and duplication and dive into the details of two deep-learning-based approaches for detecting and localizing frame deletion (Chengjiang et al. 2017) and duplication (Chengjiang et al. 2019) manipulations.
Image Provenance Analysis
Authors: Moreira Daniel , Theisen William , Scheirer Walter , Bharati Aparna , Brogan Joel , Rocha Anderson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe literature of multimedia forensics is mainly dedicated to the analysis of single assets (such as sole image or video files), aiming at individually assessing their authenticity. Different from this,image provenance analysisis devoted to the joint examination of multiple assets, intending to ascertain their history of edits, by evaluating pairwise relationships. Each relationship, thus, expresses the probability of one asset giving rise to the other, through either global or local operations, such as data compression, resizing, color-space modifications, content blurring, and content splicing. The principled combination of these relationships unveils the provenance of the assets, also constituting an important forensic tool for authenticity verification. This chapter introduces the problem of provenance analysis, discussing its importance and delving into the state-of-the-art techniques to solve it.
Anti-Forensic Attacks Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Stamm Matthew C. , Zhao Xinwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rise of deep learning has led to rapid advances in multimedia forensics. Algorithms based on deep neural networks are able to automatically learn forensic traces, detect complex forgeries, and localize falsified content with increasingly greater accuracy. At the same time, deep learning has expanded the capabilities of anti-forensic attackers. New anti-forensic attacks have emerged, including those discussed in Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-7621-5_14 based on adversarial examples, and those based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). In this chapter, we discuss the emerging threat posed by GAN-based anti-forensic attacks. GANs are a powerful machine learning framework that can be used to create realistic, but completely synthetic data. Researchers have recently shown that anti-forensic attacks can be built by using GANs to create synthetic forensic traces. While only a small number of GAN-based anti-forensic attacks currently exist, results show these early attacks are both effective at fooling forensic algorithms and introduce very little distortion into attacked images.
Camera Identification at Large Scale
Authors: Taspinar Samet , Memon Nasir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChapters 3 and 4 have shown that PRNU is a very effective solution for source camera verification, i.e., linking a visual object to its source camera Lukas et al. (2006). However, in order to determine the source camera, there has to be a suspect camera in the possession of a forensics analyst which is often not the case.
GAN Fingerprints in Face Image Synthesis
Authors: Neves João C. , Tolosana Ruben , Vera-Rodriguez Ruben , Lopes Vasco , Proença Hugo , Fierrez Julian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe availability of large-scale facial databases, together with the remarkable progresses of deep learning technologies, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), have led to the generation of extremely realistic fake facial content, raising obvious concerns about the potential for misuse. Such concerns have fostered the research on manipulation detection methods that, contrary to humans, have already achieved astonishing results in various scenarios. This chapter is focused on the analysis of GAN fingerprints in face image synthesis.
Prevention of severe injuries of child passengers in motor vehicle accidents: is re-boarding sufficient?
Authors: Spering Christopher , Müller Gerd , Füzesi László , Bouillon Bertil , Rüther Hauke , Lehmann Wolfgang , Lefering Rolf ,   and Section of Injury Prevention DGOU,   and TraumaRegister DGU
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether prolonged re-boarding of restraint children in motor vehicle accidents is sufficient to prevent severe injury.

Methods
Data acquisition was performed using the Trauma Register DGU® (TR-DGU) in the time period from 2010 to 2019 of seriously injured children (AIS 2 +) aged 0–5 years as motor vehicle passengers (MVP). Primarily treated and transferred patients where included.

Results
The study group included 727 of 2030 (35.8%) children, who were severely injured (AIS 2 +) in road traffic accidents, among them 268 (13.2%) as MVPs in the age groups: 0–1 years (42.5%), 2–3 years (26.1%) and 4–5 years (31.3%). The pattern of severe injury was head/brain (56.0%), thoracic (42.2%), abdominal (13.1%), fractures (extremities and pelvis, 52.6%) and spine/severe whiplash (19.8%). The 0–1-year-old MVPs showed the significantly highest proportion of brain injuries with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) < 8 and severe injury to the spine. The 2–3-year-olds showed the significantly highest proportion of fractures especially the lower extremity and highest proportion of cervical spine injuries of all spine injuries, while the 4–5-year-olds, the significantly highest proportion of abdominal injury and second highest proportion of cervical spine injury of all spine injuries. MVPs of the 0–1-year-old and 2–3-year-old groups showed a higher median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 21.5 and 22.1 points than the older children (17.0 points). They also suffered an AIS-6-injury significantly more often (9 of 21) of spine (p = 0.001). Especially the cervical spine was significantly more often involved. Passengers at the age of 0–1 years were treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) three times as often as older children in the prehospital setting and twice as often at admission in the Trauma Resuscitation Unit (TRU). Their survival rate was 7 out of 8 (0–1 years), 1 out of 6 (2–3 years) and 1 out of 4 (4–5 years).

Conclusion
Although the younger MVPs are restraint in a re-boarding position, severe injury to the spine and head occurred more often, while older children as front-faced positioned MVPs suffered from significantly higher rates of abdominal and more often severe facial injury. Our data show, that it is more important to properly restrain children in their adequate car seats (i-size-Norm) and additionally consider the age-related physiological and anatomical specific risks of injury as well as co-factors in road traffic accidents, than only prolonging the re-boarding position over the age of 15 months as a single method.
Does augmentation increase the pull-out force of symphyseal screws? A biomechanical cadaver study
Authors: Cavalcanti Kußmaul Adrian , Schwaabe Fanny , Becker Christopher Alexander , Kleber Christian , Linhart Christoph , Thorwächter Christoph , Rubenbauer Bianka , Böcker Wolfgang , Greiner Axel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Open reduction and internal fixation using anterior plate osteosynthesis currently represents the gold standard for the treatment of symphyseal disruptions. Since postoperative screw loosening with consequent implant failure is frequently observed, this study aims to evaluate if and to what extent augmentation can increase the pull-out force of symphyseal screws to improve the constructs stability.

Methods
Twelve human cadaveric anterior pelvic rings were separated at the symphyseal joint for bilateral testing, consequently achieving comparable sites. First, one non-augmented screw was drilled into the superior pubic ramus, whereas the contralateral side was primarily augmented. The screws were then withdrawn with a constant speed of 10 mm/min and the fixation strengths determined by the force (N) displacement (mm) curve. Finally, the primary non-augmented site was secondary augmented, representing revision surgery after initial implant failure, and the corresponding fixation strength was measured again.

Results
Augmentation compared to non-augmented screws displayed significantly higher pull-out forces with an increase in pull-out force by 377% for primary and 353% for secondary augmentation (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the pull-out force comparing primary and secondary augmentation (p = 0.74).

Conclusions
Primary and secondary augmentation significantly increases the stability of symphyseal screws and, therefore, potentially decreases rates of implant failure.
Optical metrology for digital manufacturing: a review
Authors: Catalucci Sofia , Thompson Adam , Piano Samanta , Branson David T. , Leach Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the increasing adoption of Industry 4.0, optical metrology has experienced a significant boom in its implementation, as an ever-increasing number of manufacturing processes are overhauled for in-process measurement and control. As such, optical metrology for digital manufacturing is currently a hot topic in manufacturing research. Whilst contact coordinate measurement solutions have been adopted for many years, the current trend is to increasingly exploit the advantages given by optical measurement technologies. Smart automated non-contact inspection devices allow for faster cycle times, reducing the inspection time and having a continuous monitoring of process quality. In this paper, a review for the state of the art in optical metrology is presented, highlighting the advantages and impacts of the integration of optical coordinate and surface texture measurement technologies in digital manufacturing processes. Also, the range of current software and hardware technologies for digital manufacturing metrology is discussed, as well as strategies for zero-defect manufacturing for greater sustainability, including examples and in-depth discussions of additive manufacturing applications. Finally, key current challenges are identified relating to measurement speed and data-processing bottlenecks; geometric complexity, part size and surface texture; user-dependent constraints, harsh environments and uncertainty evaluation.
T-cell surveillance of the human brain in health and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Smolders Joost , van Luijn Marvin M. , Hsiao Cheng-Chih , Hamann Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCirculating and tissue-resident T cells collaborate in the protection of tissues against harmful infections and malignant transformation but also can instigate autoimmune reactions. Similar roles for T cells in the brain have been less evident due to the compartmentized organization of the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, beneficial as well as occasional, detrimental effects of T-cell-targeting drugs in people with early multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased interest in T cells patrolling the CNS. Next to studies focusing on T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, phenotypic characteristics of T cells located in the perivascular space and the meninges as well as in the parenchyma in MS lesions have been reported. We here summarize the current knowledge about T cells infiltrating the healthy and MS brain and argue that understanding the dynamics of physiological CNS surveillance by T cells is likely to improve the understanding of pathological conditions, such as MS.
Human pressures constrain Eurasian otter occurrence in semiarid Northern Africa
Authors: Calzada Javier , Clavero Miguel , Delibes Miguel , Fernández Néstor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPopulations inhabiting the periphery of species distribution ranges may experience suboptimal environmental conditions and higher vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures. Disentangling the role of natural and human-related factors and the relationships among them in these marginal areas is thus key to understand and prevent species declines and range reductions. We analysed Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) occurrence patterns in relation to anthropogenic pressures and natural environmental gradients in Morocco, an area constituting the arid limit of the species’ global range. The probability of otter occurrence was higher as terrain ruggedness increased and at intermediate elevations, and lower in catchments exposed to higher anthropogenic pressures. Otters tended to be rare at higher elevations and in areas with less annual precipitation, probably as a result of trophic resource limitations and large water flow fluctuations, respectively. A combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, both at drainage area and local scales, was needed to understand the current occurrence of the species. Our study highlights a need for urgent action to conserve the Eurasian otter in northern Africa, where freshwater ecosystems and their associated biodiversity are threatened by rapid human development in areas of marginal climatic conditions.
Stylistic Change in Early Modern Spanish Poetry Through Network Analysis (with an Especial Focus on Fernando de Herrera’s Role)
Authors: Hernández-Lorenzo Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly Modern Spanish literature, also known as Golden Age Spanish literature, is a well-established period in the History of Spanish literary tradition, covering from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the end of the seventeenth century, from Renaissance to Baroque works. In the case of poetry, the stylistic change from one aesthetic to the other has been examined from a historical point of view, with some scholars considering a transitional group of poets between both stylistic movements, and many pointing to the writer Fernando de Herrera (1534–1597) as a bridge between the Renaissance style of Garcilaso de la Vega (1501–1536) and the Baroque of Luis de Góngora (1561–1627). This paper examines the stylistic change from Renaissance to Baroque in Spanish poetry and Herrera’s place on it from a quantitative, computational point of view, applying a methodology which combines Stylometry and Network Analysis to a big corpus of poems and authors writing in this period. The resulting stylometric network for Renaissance and Baroque poetry proves there is a computationally measurable chronological evolution in the texts of this period, as well as a change of style from Renaissance to Baroque, and supports the existence of a transitional group of poets between these two literary movements, one of which is Fernando de Herrera.
Stability and change in the public’s policy agenda: a punctuated equilibrium approach
Authors: Yildirim Tevfik Murat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMuch research within the punctuated equilibrium framework demonstrated that policy agendas are invariably punctuated, due in part to cognitive and institutional frictions that constitute barriers to change in attention. While the bulk of past scholarship explored the extent to which institutional friction varies by organizational design, little scholarly attention has been devoted to the empirical examination of the cognitive aspect of disproportionate information processing. In an attempt to close this gap, I utilize a newly available dataset that codes nearly a million Americans’ responses to the ‘most important problem’ question from 1939 to 2015 to analyze the distribution of annual changes in the policy priorities of the American public. Drawing on the punctuated equilibrium theory literature, I argue and show that punctuations in the public’s policy priorities are more severe and frequent than those in institutional agendas. These results emphasize the need for a more subtle treatment of disproportionate information processing within the public, calling for relaxing the implicit assumption that cognitive friction is constant within organizations and across issues.
Combining exploratory learning with structured practice educational technologies to foster both conceptual and procedural fractions knowledge
Authors: Mavrikis Manolis , Rummel Nikol , Wiedmann Michael , Loibl Katharina , Holmes Wayne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEducational technologies in mathematics typically focus on fostering either procedural knowledge by means of structured tasks or, less often, conceptual knowledge by means of exploratory tasks. However, both types of knowledge are needed for complete domain knowledge that persists over time and supports subsequent learning. We investigated in two quasi-experimental studies whether a combination of an exploratory learning environment, providing exploratory tasks, and an intelligent tutoring system, providing structured tasks, fosters procedural and conceptual knowledge more than the intelligent tutoring system alone. Participants were 121 students from the UK (aged 8–10 years old) and 151 students from Germany (aged 10–12 years old) who were studying equivalent fractions. Results confirmed that students learning with a combination of exploratory and structured tasks gained more conceptual knowledge and equal procedural knowledge compared to students learning with structured tasks only. This supports the use of different but complementary educational technologies, interleaving exploratory and structured tasks, to achieve a “combination effect” that fosters robust fractions knowledge.
Complete three-dimensional coseismic displacements due to the 2021 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai Province, China from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 SAR images
Authors: Liu Jihong , Hu Jun , Li Zhiwei , Ma Zhangfeng , Wu Lixin , Jiang Weiping , Feng Guangcai , Zhu Jianjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOn 22nd May 2021 (local time), an earthquake ofMs7.4 struck Maduo county in Qinghai Province, China. This was the largest earthquake in China since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this study, ascending/descending Sentinel-1 and advanced land observation satellite-2 (ALOS-2) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images were used to derive the three-dimensional (3-D) coseismic displacements of this earthquake. We used the differential interferometric SAR (InSAR, DInSAR), pixel offset-tracking (POT), multiple aperture InSAR (MAI), and burst overlap interferometry (BOI) methods to derive the displacement observations along the line-of-sight (LOS) and azimuth directions. To accurately mitigate the effect of ionospheric delay on the ALOS-2 DInSAR observations, a polynomial fitting method was proposed to optimize range-spectrum-split-derived ionospheric phases. In addition, the 3-D displacement field was obtained by a strain model and variance component estimation (SM-VCE) method based on the high-quality SAR displacement observations. Results indicated that a left-lateral fault slip with the largest horizontal displacement of up to 2.4 m dominated this earthquake, and the small-magnitude vertical displacement with an alternating uplift/subsidence pattern along the fault trace was more concentrated in the near-fault regions. Comparison with the global navigation satellite system data indicated that the SM-VCE method can significantly improve the accuracy of the displacements compared to the classical weighted least squares method, and the incorporation of the BOI displacements can substantially benefit the accuracy of north-south displacement. In addition to the displacements, three coseismic strain invariants calculated based on the strain model parameters were also investigated. It was found that the eastern and western parts of the faults suffered more significant strains compared with the epicenter region.
“CRISPR for Disabilities: How to Self-Regulate” or Something?
Authors: Courtright-Lim Amanda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of the CRISPR gene editing technique has been hyped as a technique that could fundamentally change scientific research and its clinical application. Unrecognized is the fact that it joins other technologies that have tried and failed under the same discourse of scientific hype. These technologies, like gene therapy and stem cell research, have moved quickly passed basic research into clinical application with dire consequences. Before hastily moving to clinical applications, it is necessary to consider basic research and determine how CRISPR/Cas systems should be applied. In the case of single gene diseases, that application is expected to have positive impacts, but as we shift to more complex diseases, the impact could be unintentionally negative. In the context of common disabilities, the level of genetic complexity may render this technology useless but potentially toxic, aggravating a social discourse that devalues those with disabilities. This paper intends to define the issues related to disability that are associated with using the CRIPSR/Cas system in basic research. It also aims to provide a decision tree to help determine whether the technology should be utilized or if alternative approaches beyond scientific research could lead to a better use of limited funding resources.