bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC FRACTIONATION OF BIRCH-WOOD BIOMASS INTO MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE, XYLOSE AND ENTEROSORBENTS
Authors: Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich , Garyntseva Natal'ya Viktorovna , Sudakova Irina Gennad'yevna , Skripnikov Andrey Mikhaylovich , Pestunov Andrey Vladimirovich 
Published: January 2022

For the first time, it was proposed to fractionate the main components of birch wood into microcrystalline cellulose, xylose and enterosorbents by integrating heterogeneous catalytic processes of acid hydrolysis and peroxide delignification of wood biomass. The hydrolysis of wood hemicelluloses into xylose is carried out at a temperature of 150 °C in the presence of a solid acid catalyst Amberlyst® 15. Then the lignocellulosic product undergoes peroxide delignification in a "formic acid – water" medium in the presence of a solid TiO2 catalyst to obtain microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and soluble lignin. Under the determined optimal conditions (100 °С, Н2О2 – 7.2 wt.%, НСООН – 37.8 wt.%, LWR 15, time 4 h), the yield of MCC reaches 64.5 wt.% and of organosolvent lignin 11.5 wt% from the weight of prehydrolyzed wood. By the treatment of organosolvent lignin with a solution of 0.4% NaHCO3 or hot water the enterosorbents were obtained, whose sorption capacity for methylene blue (97.7 mg/g) and gelatin (236.7 mg/g) is significantly higher than that of the commercial enterosorbent Polyphepan (44 mg/g and 115 mg/g, respectively). The products of catalytic fractionation of birch wood are characterized by physicochemical (FTIR, XRD, SEM, GC) and chemical methods.
USING OF BIOMASS AND WASTES OF BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) AND PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM) PRO-CESSING AS SORPTION MATERIAL FROM POLLUTANTS REMOVING FROM WATER ENVIRONMENTS (LIT-ERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Shaykhiyeva Karina Il'darovna , Fridland Sergey Vladimirovich , Sverguzova Svetlana Vasil'yevna 
Published: January 2022

Was reported literature findings of domestic and foreign articles about using of biomass components (leaves, straw, pods, seeds) and wastes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) pods shells processing as sorption material for pollutants (metals ions, colorants) removing from water environments. Concise literature findings about Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris plant structure, cultivation value, and chemical composition of some biomass components are described. Was revealed that composition of beans and peas pods has big amount of proteins, that can provide removing of metals ions such as (Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III) и Cr(VI), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mo(VI), Ni(II), Pb(II), Sb(III) и Sb(V), Zn(II)) from water environments. Was showed the possibility of sorption characteristics increase for pollutants by Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum biomass treatment with different chemical reagents. Was revealed that pollutants sorption isotherms of wastes and biomass of considered legumes are described mostly by Langmuir model than by Freundlich model. The kinetic of process mostly match to pseudo-second order model. It is shown that using of seeds and pods shells of legumes is prospectively for removing of heavy metals ions and suspended particles from water. Was proposed to use charcoal, which was gotten by peas pods carbonization for removing of heavy metals ions from water environments. Concluded, that using of legumes pods extracts is more effective for clearing water environments from heavy metals ions.
COMPARISON OF THE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF CARBON SORBENTS FROM DIFFERENT PLANT PRECURSORS
Authors: Spitsyn Andrey Aleksandrovich , Minich Mariya Igorevna , Ponomarev Dmitriy Andreyevich , Bogdanovich Nikolay Ivanovich 
Published: January 2022

The sorption capacity of activated carbon obtained from various plant precursors – apple wood, birch wood, pine cones and cellolignin was studied. The plant material was first subjected to carbonation by heating to a temperature of 700 °C and further exposure at this temperature. The total heating time was 8 hours. Charcoal was then subjected to steam activation at a reactor temperature of 950 °C and an activation time of 40–45 minutes. The yield of activated carbon estimated on charcoal was 42–46%. The characteristics of the porous structure were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The total specific surface area according to the BET method was (m2/g) 674, 594, 552, 552, 622 for apple wood, birch wood, pine cones, cellolignin and an industrial sample of activated carbon, respectively. Determination of the adsorption capacity by iodine adsorption methods showed that this value, depending on the source of raw materials, falls in the order: birch wood > cellolignin ≈ apple wood > pine cones. The data on the sorption of benzene characterize approximately the same range of sorption capacity: birch wood > cellolignin > pine cones ≈ apple wood. The data on the sorption capacity show that unconventional plant raw materials can be used to produce activated carbon.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND TERPENOIDS OF THE ANGIOPROTECTIVE HERBAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Mirovich Vera Mikhaylovna , Posokhina Alina Alekseyevna , Petukhova Svetlana Andreyevna , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Dudareva Lyubov' Vissarionovna 
Published: January 2022

The study of the component composition of phenolic and terpenoid compounds of the angioprotective herbal composition was carried out. Alcohol extraction of the angioprotective herbal composition was studied by MC-HPLC-UV method. The analysis used solutions of commercial samples of reference substances manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich (USA), Chem-Fages, Extrasynthese, Lione (France), Beijing (China). Seven phenolic compounds have been identified: quercetin, isoramnetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, narcissin, isoramnetin-3-O-glucoside, phenolcarboxylic acid 5-O-caffeylquinic. The total content of flavonoids is 11.64 mg/g, phenolcarboxylic acid – 2.30 mg/g. Among the isolated flavonoids rutin (3.35±0.06 mg/g), isoquercitrin (3.14±0.06 mg/g), narcissin (4.15±0.09 mg/g), phenolcarboxylic acid – 5-O-caffeylquinic (2.30±0.05 mg/g) prevail. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation; analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent Technologies (6890N) instrument with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The identified components were performed by comparing the linear retention indices and total mass spectra of the compounds with the data from the Nist 11 library and commercial samples. In the herbal composition of the essential oil, 21 components have been identified, the main of which are salicylic aldehyde (in the total amount is 58.30%), methyl salicylate (16.17%). The triterpene saponins of the angioprotective herbal composition are represented by calendulosides A and B, escin. The amount of triterpene saponins is 1.08±0.05%. The results of the quantitative analysis were processed statistically, the data are presented as the mean and ± standard deviation, SD.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO FARMACÊUTICO NA GESTÃO DOS MEDICAMENTOS NAS ESTRUTURAS RESIDENCIAIS PARA PESSOAS IDOSAS EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Bell Victoria , Pita João Rui 
Published: January 2022

O crescente envelhecimento da população tem suscitado mudanças na sociedade e tem constituído um desafio constante para os profissionais de saúde. A institucionalização do idoso surge, muitas vezes, como a alternativa mais viável para salvaguardar a sua saúde e zelar pela sua qualidade de vida. As doenças crónicas não transmissíveis, prevalentes em geriatria, podem ser atenuadas por mudanças nos hábitos de vida, mas são maioritariamente controláveis através de medicamentos. A gestão dos medicamentos nas estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas, visando a promoção de um envelhecer saudável, tem de assegurar que as diretrizes regulamentares referentes à qualidade e à eficácia dos mesmos esteja garantida. O farmacêutico apresenta-se como o profi ssional de saúde mais habilitado e legalmente reconhecido para exercer estas funções. Como tal, os farmacêuticos devem ser incluídos na equipa multidisciplinar de profissionais que diariamente colaboram para manter a saúde e proporcionar bem-estar ao idoso institucionalizado, bem como na prestação de cuidados paliativos aos pacientes portadores de doenças sem possibilidade de cura.
La limitación de la producción de los aceites de oliva por parte del estado español
Authors: Latorre Ruiz Juan 
Published: January 2022

El sector agroalimentario presenta con carácter general una situación bastante complicada en lo que se refiere a la inestabilidad de los precios en origen. No sucede lo mismo con el último eslabón de la cadena, el de la comercialización, que normalmente obtiene beneficios por la venta de dichos productos. El sector del aceite de oliva en España sufre este tipo de desequilibrios y, además, lo hace de forma recurrente. Ante estas circunstancias el legislador español ha optado por aprobar mediante Real Decreto, el establecimiento de las normas básicas que permitan de forma ordenada retirar la producción del mercado al objeto de paliar la situación precaria sobre todo en los precios y lo ha hecho basándose en la aplicación de un Reglamento europeo. En este artículo nos planteamos si esta norma puede provocar la falta de competencia en el mercado o, si bien, consigue estabilizar los precios en origen del sector oleícola y, a su vez, no genera un perjuicio al consumidor.
Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Mengjiaping beschtauite in the southern Taihang mountains
Authors: Tian Haofei , Li Ganyu , Choi Jinyong , Luan Wenlou , Cui Xingtao , Wang Shen , Jin Mengqi , Chen Haotian , Chen Wenjing , Liang Xian , Zou Chengjie , Zhao Liang , Han Sinan , Zou Peijie , Hu Xiaofei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The evolution process of the North China Craton has been discussed by many scholars; however, the frame for the timing of the Trans-North China Block has not been fully agreed upon. Related research has mostly focused on the northern and southern sections of the Trans-North China Block, and in-depth studies on intrusive rocks in the central region are lacking. In this study, we conduct a systematic study of the petrography, the whole-rock geochemistry, and the zircon U–Pb dating for the beschtauite intrusion, located in the Mengjiaping area of the Southern Taihang Mountains. Our results demonstrate that the dyke intrusion is mainly composed of beschtauite. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating shows that the beschtauite intrusion occurred at ∼1,880 ± 69 Ma. The beschtauite belongs to I-type granite, Arc tholeiite series, and Cale-alkaline series, with low total alkali, low potassium, and high aluminum. They are also enriched in large-ion lithophile elements, relatively depleted in high-field strength elements, and low total rare-earth elements. Based on the abovementioned data, it is suggested that the magmas for the beschtauite intrusion were metasomatized by oceanic slab subduction in the Late Paleoproterozoic. The formation time of the North China Craton basement should be set to after 1,880 Ma.
Transient, Sub-Continuum, Heat Conduction in Irregular Geometries
Authors: Mansoor Saad Bin , Yilbas Bekir S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Phonon transfer in irregular shapes is important for assessing the influence of shape effect on thermal transport characteristics of low-scale films. It becomes critical for evaluating the contribution of the scattering phonons to the phonon intensity distribution inside the film. Hence, the sub-continuum ballistic-diffusive model is incorporated to formulate the phonon transport in an irregular geometry of low-size film adopting the transient, frequency-independent, equation of phonon radiative transfer. The discrete ordinate method is used in the numerical discretization of the governing transport equation. It is demonstrated that the geometric feature of the film influences the phonon intensity distribution within the film material. The transport characteristics obtained from the Fourier and the ballistic-diffusive models are markedly different in their spatial and temporal behavior. This is true when the device sizes are of the same order of magnitude as the mean-free path of the heat carriers.
Mehr Integration?
Authors: Baumann Ansbert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Entgegen dem Narrativ, Sport – und inbesondere Fußball – wirke integrierend, hatte der Fußball für die erste Generation der „Gastarbeiter“ zunächst eher separierende Effekte: Die Migranten gründeten eigene Vereine, die teilweise sogar in eigenständigen „Ausländerligen“ gegeneinander antraten, und verharrten somit in ihrem vertrauten soziokulturellen Milieu. Verschiedene Integrationsbemühungen des Deutschen Fußball-Bunds scheiterten häufig nicht zuletzt am Engagement der Entsendestaaten, die über den Fußball die Heimatbindung der Arbeitsmigranten stärken wollten. Längerfristig leisteten die fußballerischen Aktivitäten der „Gastarbeiter“ jedoch, wie Ansbert Baumann aufzeigt, vor allem aufgrund ihrer indirekten Effekte einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Beheimatungsprozess der Migranten.
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia pada Siswa SMA Menggunakan Tes Three Tier Berbasis Web
Authors: Permatasari Margaretha Bhrizda , Muchson M , Hakimah Nurul , Rokhim Deni Ainur , Herunata Herunata , Yahmin M 
Published: January 2022

Miskonsepsi merupakan masalah besar yang telah menjadi pusat perhatian bagi para pendidik dan peneliti pendidikan pada mata pelajaran ilmu pengetahuan alam, khususnya kimia. Salah satu Â materi dalam kimia yang dianggap siswa cukup sulit sehingga tinggi kemungkinannya untuk terjadi miskonsepsi adalah materi kesetimbangan kimia. Miskonsepsi pada siswa perlu diidentifikasi dengan cepat supaya dapat segera ditangani sehingga tidak menganggu pembelajaran selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa pada materi kesetimbangan kimia menggunakan tes three tier berbasis web. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah 178 siswa SMA kelas 11. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan persentase rata-rata miskonsepsi yang dialami siswa pada setiap konsep dalam materi kesetimbangan kimia berkisar antara 43,91% - 62,06%. Siswa mengalami miskonsepsi pada konsep kesetimbangan kimia, konsep tetapan kesetimbangan kimia, dan konsep Prinsip Le-Chatelier. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tes three tier berbasis web dapat mengefisienkan waktu dalam mengolah data dan identifikasi miskonsepsi
Harmful Impacts of Heavy Metals and Utility of Biosorption Technique for Their Removal from Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Negi Ankita , Negi Arpita , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Joshi Sushil Kumar , Bhandari Narendra Singh 
Published: January 2022

The increasing number of efluents discharged from the source of water (urban, industrial, agricultural etc.), is resulting in a higher concentration of heavy metals in the source. Heavy metals have a density of over 5g/cm3 to the metals. These are toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and resistant in watery and non-aquatic environments and impact water and non-water bodies seriously by substituting the basic metals of the same function. The extraction from the wastewater can be done in numerous techniques for example using an ion replacement, membrane filtration, osmosis, etc. This study discusses the adverse effects of heavy metals on the human body, the benefits of biosorption over traditional approaches for removal of heavy metals, the different biosorbents used to extract heavy metals and concerning issues regarding its commercial use, offering a wider viewpoint for the diversity of biosorbents and utilization of biosorption technique. It is evident from the profound literature survey that pH, biosorbent particle size, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, presence of chelating ligands etc. are some factors that affect the rate and extent of biosorption.
Developing Professional Teacher to Improve Madrasah Student Character
Authors: Komarudin Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

This study was aimed at investigating research and development (R&D) model applied to Akidah-Akhlak subject teachers in strengthening their studentsâ€™ character in madrasah in South Jakarta. This research applied R&D using ADDIE version which consisted of: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were selected purposively involving 30 teachers.Â The results of the study show that the training model for the teachers was carried out with an emphasis on empowering the teachersâ€™ professionalism. The development program was implemented through training and mentoring based on the modules. The results of the module-based teacher professional development can build the studentsâ€™ character. The syntax for the training program started from preliminary studies, model descriptions compilation, model development, and professional teacher outcomes (compiling lesson plan, carrying out learning activities, conducting classroom action research). The implementation of the module-based teacher professional development had a significant impact on increasing the teachersâ€™ pedagogic competence. They demonstrated a teaching vision that emphasized the importance of teaching the subject to their students. Teaching and learning activity which is based on the teachersâ€™ professionalism can build studentsâ€™ positive character in madrasah in South Jakarta.
RANCANG BANGUN RAK PENYIMPANAN DETEKTOR NEUTRON PASCA TERAKTIVASI DI PUSAT REAKTOR SERBA GUNA (PRSG)
Authors: Sukino Sukino 
Published: January 2022

Reaktor RSG GAS memiliki empat sistem pengukuran fluks neutron yaitu: pengukuran fluks neutron daerah start-up, pengukuran fluks neutron daerah intermediate, pengukuran fluks neutron daerah daya (power) dan pengukuran fluks neutron wide range. Setelah Reaktor operasi selama kurang lebih tiga puluh empat tahun ada beberapa komponen yang mengalami penuaan (ageing) dan salah satunya adalah detektor neutron. Dari empat sistem pengukuran fluks neutron diatas saat ini telah terdapat 28 detektor yang mengalami penuaan dan dalam kondisi rusak. Sebagian detektor tersebut mempunyai paparan radiasi yang tinggi. Penempatan sementara detektor-detektor tersebut di lantai ruang operation hall dengan shielding seadanya dan tidak terkelola dengan baik, Sehingga perlu adanya tempat penyimpanan detektor. Rancang bangun rak penyimpanan detektor ini adalah untuk mempermudah pengelolaan dan identifikasi detektor pasca teraktivasi, melindungi pekerja radiasi terkena paparan radiasi dan membuat lingkungan jadi lebih rapi. Rak penyimpanan berfungsi sebagai tempat menyimpan sementara detektor neutron pasca teraktivasi sebelum disimpan permanen di Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif. Kegiatan dimulai dengan mengumpulkan data-data detektor neutron, mengidentifikasi dari sisi fisik yang terdiri dari dimensi panjang dan diameter detektor maupun dari sisi besaran paparan radiasi setiap detektor. Membuat rancangan gambar dengan mempertimbangkan diameter, panjang, dan paparan radiasi dari detektor neutron tersebut. Memilih dan menentukan bahan-bahan yang akan digunakan untuk membuat tempat penyimpanan detektor neutron sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan persyaratan keselamatan. Merancang rencana kerja dengan kajian teknis, membuat rancangan awal, membuat rancangan detail dan pembuatan rak penyimpanan. Dari hasil rancang bangun ini diperoleh rak penyimpanan detektor neutron pasca teraktivasi yang memenuhi persyaratan keselamatan.
PENENTUAN KEMURNIAN RADIOKIMIA 131I-HIPPURAN DENGAN METODE EFISIEN KROMATOGRAFI KERTAS WHATMAN 31ET
Authors: Maskur Maskur - 
Published: January 2022

PENENTUAN KEMURNIAN RADIOKIMIA 131I-HIPPURAN DENGAN METODE EFISIEN KROMATOGRAFI KERTAS WHATMAN 31ET. Kemurnian radiokimia merupakan parameter penting dalam indikator kualitas radiofarmaka. Saat ini metode baku uji kemurnian radiokimia 131I-Hippuran secara kromatografi, fase diam kertas Whatman No.1 panjang 10 cm, dan fase gerak n. butanol : asam asetat : air = 4:1:1. Metode tersebut berbiaya murah, akurat, namun waktu migrasi terlalu lama sekitar 150 menit. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian dengan mengoptimasi jenis fase gerak, komposisi fase gerak, jenis fase diam, dan ukuran panjang fase diam. Hasil penelitian diperoleh metode baru kromatografi kertas menggunakan fase diam kertas Whatman No. 31ET, panjang 5 cm, fase gerak n. butanol : asam asetat : air = 4:1:1. Metode baru telah diuji validitasnya menggunakan statistik uji-t berpasangan hasilnya nilai kemurnian radiokimia metode baru dan metode baku tidak ada perbedaan signifikan. Namun metode baru lebih efisien karena waktu migrasi lebih singkat, yaitu hanya 26±1 menit dibandingkan metode baku 150±1 menit. Kata kunci : Kemurnian radiokimia, 131I-Hippuran, Kromatografi kertas, Kertas Whatman 31ET
PERANCANGAN MODUL KONTROL TEKANAN RUANGAN BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA SISTEM VENTILASI RSG-GAS
Authors: Namir Jazid Uchti 
Published: January 2022

PERANCANGAN MODUL KONTROL TEKANAN RUANGAN BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA SISTEM VENTILASI RSG-GAS. Salah satu fungsi dari sistem ventilasi RSG-GAS adalah mengatur tekanan negatif setiap ruang di dalam gedung RSG-GAS. Tekanan negatif diatur menggunakan modul kontrol tekanan dengan input sinyal dari transducer untuk menggerakan aktuator damper. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah merancang modul kontrol tekanan ruangan agar dapat menggantikan modul kontrol tekanan lama yang masih memiliki tampilan analog dan barang diskontinu. Perancangan ini terdiri atas perancangan hardware dan software. Perancangan hardware menggunakan komponen-komponen yaitu modul HW 685, Arduino, Display OLED 0,96 inch, relay shield, potensiometer, switch auto/manual dan push button. Alur proses kendali tekanan yaitu sinyal dari transducer diterima modul HW 685. selanjutnya sinyal diteruskan ke arduino untuk diprogram. Sinyal hasil pembacaan ditampilkan pada display dan menggerakkan aktuator damper melalui relay shield. Perancangan software menggunakan software Arduino IDE. Perancangan software terdiri atas pembuatan program otomatis dan manual. Program otomatis beroperasi berdasarkan nilai Setting Point (SP) yang diberikan untuk mempertahankan nilai tekanan dan menggunakan perhitungan kontrol proposional, sedangkan program manual berdasarkan push button untuk menaikan dan menurunkan tekanan. Perancangan kontrol tekanan digital akan digunakan pada sistem ventilasi RSG-GAS.
Evaluasi Sifat Mekanik dan Hidraulik Beton Porous Menggunakan Bahan Tambah Abu
Authors: Setiawan Agung , Teguh Mochamad 
Published: January 2022

Penggunaan beton konvensional sebagai lapis permukaan bersifat kedap, berdampak potensi genangan air dan banjir. Salah satu upaya mereduksi limpasan permukaan dan meningkatkan resapan air hujan dengan menggunakan beton porous. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji dan evaluasi kinerja sifat mekanik dan hidraulik beton porous dengan bahan tambah abu batu sisa penggergajian kerajinan batu Gunung Merapi. Dalam penelitian percobaan laboratorium ini digunakan 4 (empat) variasi komposisi campuran semen, abu batu, agregat, dan faktor air semen sebagai berikut: 1:1:5, 1:1:6, 1:1:7 dan 1:1:8 serta faktor air semen 0,4. Pengujian benda uji mengikuti standar dan prosedur ACI 522R-10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beton porous dengan ukuran agregat 1-2 cm dan abu batu meningkatkan kuat tekan tetapi daya lolos air menurun. Kuat tekan beton porous tertinggi menggunakan ukuran agregat kecil (1-2 cm) dengan abu batu 7,47 MPa. dengan infiltrasi 0,28 cm/s dan permeabilitas 2,81 cm/s. Peningkatan kuat tekan menggunakan abu batu ukuran agregat 1-2 cm sebesar 40,83 % dan ukuran agregat 2-3 cm sebesar 62,30%.