bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small rocky outcrops: Natural features to promote biodiversity in oak wood‐pastures
Authors: Chozas Sergio , Tapia Susana , Palmeirim Jorge , Alegria Carla , Correia Otília 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe Iberian oak wood‐pastures are unique agroforestry systems supporting high levels of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Small rocky outcrops are geological features commonly found in these systems and constitute biodiversity reservoirs, protecting sensitive species from grazing and farming activities. We aimed to assess the relevance of including rocky outcrop conservation within wood‐pastures to increase biodiversity. To achieve this goal, we studied the plant communities occurring within the outcrops and in the wood‐pasture matrix to evaluate the impact of rocky outcrops on the overall plant taxonomic and functional diversities of these systems.LocationMontemor‐o‐Novo (Alentejo, Portugal).MethodsWe sampled 102 plant communities occurring in outcrops and the adjacent wood‐pasture matrix, and analysed alpha, beta, gamma and functional diversities. We identified the main intrinsic factors affecting outcrop plant composition and their functional groups using Linear and Generalized Linear Mixed models, and characterized the effect of outcrop size through Generalized Additive Models.ResultsWe found plant richness to be similar in wood‐pasture matrix and outcrops. However, β‐diversity analysis revealed a high species turnover between both communities. Functional indices indicated higher plant functional diversity in outcrops and trait analyses identified three functional groups dissimilarly distributed in both communities: (a) perturbation‐ and stress‐sensitive plants, with outcrops constituting an important refuge for this group; and (b) grazing‐tolerant and (c) weedy herbs dominating the wood‐pastures. Finally, we also found increased plant richness in outcrops with a longer length for their minor axis, i.e. wider outcrops, and greater rock cover area.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the presence of small rocky outcrops in evergreen oak wood‐pastures greatly increases their gamma and functional diversities. Consequently, outcrop protection strongly impacts overall wood‐pasture biodiversity and underlines the suitability of including outcrop conservation as a cost‐effective solution capable of increasing biodiversity in these agroforestry systems.
Proton pump inhibitor use and hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a hospital‐based case‐control study and a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yee Jeong , Han Hye Won , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or tinnitus in patients with type 2 diabetes using hospital‐ and population‐based data.MethodsFor the case‐control study using the Asan Biomedical Research Environment database, the characteristics between cases and sex‐, age‐ and index‐year‐matched controls were compared by the chi‐squared test. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs). For the cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service – National Sample Cohort, the hazard ratios (HRs) for SNHL or tinnitus associated with PPI use were analysed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsThe case‐control study included 1379 cases and 5512 matched controls. After adjustment, PPI use was associated with an increased risk of SNHL or tinnitus (OR 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30‐1.99). The ORs were higher for current or recent use of PPI and high average daily dose. In the cohort study including 17 233 pairs of PPI users and nonusers after propensity score matching, the risk of SNHL or tinnitus increased in PPI users compared with nonusers (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.40‐1.61). In the stratified analyses, risks remained significant and the magnitude of association was relatively high in those of younger age, patients without gastroesophageal reflux disease and patients not receiving histamine 2 receptor blockers.ConclusionsOur study suggests that PPI use is associated with an increased risk of SNHL or tinnitus. Given the widespread use of PPIs, the potential ototoxic effects of PPIs remain an important concern.
High prevalence of TERT aberrations in myxoid liposarcoma: TERT reactivation may play a crucial role in tumorigenesis
Authors: Kunieda Junko , Yamashita Kyoko , Togashi Yuki , Baba Satoko , Sakata Seiji , Inamura Kentaro , Ae Keisuke , Matsumoto Seiichi , Machinami Rikuo , Kitagawa Masanobu , Takeuchi Kengo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMyxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is genetically characterized by FUS‐DDIT3 or EWSR1‐DDIT3 gene fusion and the high frequency of hotspot mutations (C228T or C250T) in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) that encodes the TERT protein. The latter leads to telomerase reactivation, a mechanism of telomere maintenance. Although the TERT promoter hotspot mutation is a poor prognostic factor in various tumors, its effect on MLPS has not been reported in detail. In the present study, we examined the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and telomere maintenance mechanisms in 83 primary tumor samples of MLPS, which were resected surgically at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan, from 2008 to 2020. TERT promoter hotspot mutations were observed in 77% (63/82) cases, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) was absent in all cases. Among the cases without TERT promoter hotspot mutations, TERT rearrangements, and minor point mutations in the TERT promoter region were found in 3 and 2 cases, respectively. TERT mRNA expression was observed consistently even in patients for whom no genomic TERT aberrations were detected, and the presence of TERT promoter hotspot mutation did not correlate significantly with either overall and metastasis‐free survival (P = .56, P = .83, respectively) or clinicopathological features. Therefore, patients with MLPS characteristically shows TERT expression and a high prevalence of TERT aberrations. Our findings suggest that TERT aberration is not prognostic factor, but might occur at an early stage and play a key role in tumorigenesis.
Cancer immunotherapy using artificial adjuvant vector cells to deliver NY‐ESO‐1 antigen to dendritic cells in situ
Authors: Fujii Shin‐ichiro , Yamasaki Satoru , Hanada Kenichi , Ueda Shogo , Kawamura Masami , Shimizu Kanako 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNY‐ESO‐1 is a cancer/testis antigen expressed in various cancer types. However, the induction of NY‐ESO‐1‐specific CTLs through vaccines is somewhat difficult. Thus, we developed a new type of artificial adjuvant vector cell (aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1) expressing a CD1d‐NKT cell ligand complex and a tumor‐associated antigen, NY‐ESO‐1. First, we determined the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and natural killer (NK) cell responses by aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1. We then showed that the NY‐ESO‐1‐specific CTL response was successfully elicited through aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1 therapy. After injection of aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1, we found that dendritic cells (DCs) in situ expressed high levels of costimulatory molecules and produced interleukn‐12 (IL‐12), indicating that DCs undergo maturation in vivo. Furthermore, the NY‐ESO‐1 antigen from aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1 was delivered to the DCs in vivo, and it was presented on MHC class I molecules. The cross‐presentation of the NY‐ESO‐1 antigen was absent in conventional DC‐deficient mice, suggesting a host DC‐mediated CTL response. Thus, this strategy helps generate sufficient CD8+ NY‐ESO‐1‐specific CTLs along with iNKT and NK cell activation, resulting in a strong antitumor effect. Furthermore, we established a human DC‐transferred NOD/Shi‐scid/IL‐2γcnull immunodeficient mouse model and showed that the NY‐ESO‐1 antigen from aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1 was cross‐presented to antigen‐specific CTLs through human DCs. Taken together, these data suggest that aAVC‐NY‐ESO‐1 has potential for harnessing innate and adaptive immunity against NY‐ESO‐1‐expressing malignancies.
Oncogenic FGFR1 mutation and amplification in common cellular origin in a composite tumor with neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma
Authors: Tasaka Keiji , Ueno Hiroo , Yamasaki Kai , Okuno Takahiro , Isobe Tomoya , Kimura Shunsuke , Umeda Katsutsugu , Hara Junichi , Ogawa Seishi , Takita Junko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) are derived from neural crest cells (NCCs); however, composite tumors with NB and PCC are rare, and their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. To address this issue, we performed exome and transcriptome sequencing with formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples from the NB, PCC, and mixed lesions in a patient with a composite tumor. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed that most mutations (80%) were shared by all samples, indicating that NB and PCC evolved from the same clone. Notably, all samples harbored both mutation and focal amplification in the FGFR1 oncogene, resulting in an extraordinarily high expression, likely to be the main driver of this tumor. Transcriptome sequencing revealed undifferentiated expression profiles for the NB lesions. Considering that a metastatic lesion was also composite, most likely, the primitive founding lesions should differentiate into both NB and PCC. This is the first reported case with composite‐NB and PCC genetically proven to harbor an oncogenic FGFR1 alteration of a common cellular origin.
Growth in emotion understanding across early childhood: A cohort‐sequential model of firstborn children across the transition to siblinghood
Authors: Tan Lin , Volling Brenda L. , Gonzalez Richard , LaBounty Jennifer , Rosenberg Lauren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmotion understanding develops rapidly in early childhood. Firstborn children (N = 231, 55% girls/45% boys, 86% White, 5% Black, 3% Asian, 4% Latinx, Mage = 29.92 months) were recruited into a longitudinal study from 2004 to 2008 in the United States and administered a series of tasks assessing eight components of young children's emotion understanding from ages 1 to 5. Cohort sequential analysis across three cohorts (1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year‐olds) demonstrated a progression of children's emotion understanding from basic emotion identification to an understanding of false‐belief emotions, even after controlling for children's verbal ability. Emotion understanding scores were related to children's theory of mind and parent reports of empathy, but not emotional reactivity, providing evidence of both convergent and discriminant validity.
Military family dynamics in transition: The experiences of young people when their families leave the Australian Defence Force
Authors: Wells Hannah , Heinsch Milena , Brosnan Caragh , Kay‐Lambkin Frances 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany families experience a smooth transition from military to civilian life. However, some can face intense challenges and significant disruption to family functioning, including mental health and substance use issues, domestic and family violence, marriage dissatisfaction or family breakdown, and even suicide. While some research has examined these transition experiences of ex‐serving men and women, few studies have focused on their children. Understanding the challenges and opportunities the military–civilian transition poses for young people is crucial if we are to develop effective interventions to meet their needs in the future. This paper reports on findings from a qualitative study that retrospectively explored the experiences of young people from ex‐serving Australian Defence Force families when their parents left the military. Using thematic analyses, three key themes relating to military family dynamics were identified: (i) increased mental health stress, (ii) shifts in family relationships and dynamics, and (iii) domestic violence and maltreatment. These themes are discussed alongside the existing literature, revealing the challenges experienced by young people during the military–civilian transition, but also their innate strengths and resources in coping with this major life event. Implications for the social work profession and for developing effective transition supports for young people from ex‐serving families are considered.
Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hand eczema
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. , Alfonso Jose H. , Andersen Klaus E. , Angelova‐Fischer Irena , Arents Bernd W. M. , Bauer Andrea , Brans Richard , Cannavo Alicia , Christoffers Wianda A. , Crépy Marie‐Noelle , Elsner Peter , Fartasch Manigé , Filon Francesca Larese , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , Gonçalo Margarida , Guzmán‐Perera Maria G. , Hamann Carsten R. , Hoetzenecker Wolfram , Johansen Jeanne Duus , John Swen M. , Kunkeler Amalia C. M. , Hadzavdic Suzana Ljubojevic , Molin Sonja , Nixon Rosemary , Oosterhaven Jart A. F. , Rustemeyer Thomas , Serra‐Baldrich Esther , Shah Mili , Simon Dagmar , Skudlik Christoph , Spiewak Radoslaw , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Voorberg Angelique N. , Weisshaar Elke , Agner Tove 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Health care providers need continuously updated information about the management of hand eczema to ensure best treatment for their patients.ObjectivesTo update the European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment on of hand eczema.MethodThe Guideline Development Group (GDG) was established on behalf of the ESCD. A call for interest was launched via the ESCD website and via the ESCD members' mailing list. Appraisal of the evidence for therapeutic and preventive interventions was applied and a structured method of developing consensus was used and moderated by an external methodologist. The final guideline was approved by the ESCD executive committee and was in external review on the ESCD webpage for 1 month.ResultsConsensus was achieved for several statements and management strategies.ConclusionThe updated guideline should improve management of hand eczema.
The ecological and evolutionary significance of effectiveness landscapes in mutualistic interactions
Authors: Gómez José María , Schupp Eugene W. , Jordano Pedro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMutualism effectiveness, the contribution of an interacting organism to its partner's fitness, is defined as the number of immediate outcomes of the interactions (quantity component) multiplied by the probability that an immediate outcome results in a new individual (quality component). These components form a two‐dimensional effectiveness landscape with each species’ location determined by its values of quantity (x‐axis) and quality (y‐axis). We propose that the evolutionary history of mutualistic interactions leaves a footprint that can be identified by three properties of the spatial structure of effectiveness values: dispersion of effectiveness values, relative contribution of each component to the effectiveness values and correlation between effectiveness components. We illustrate this approach using a large dataset on synzoochory, seed dispersal by seed‐caching animals. The synzoochory landscape was clumped, with effectiveness determined primarily by the quality component, and with quantity and quality positively correlated. We suggest this type of landscape structure is common in generalised coevolved mutualisms, where multiple functionally equivalent, high‐quality partners exert similarly strong selection. Presumably, only those organisms located in high‐quality regions will impact the evolution of their partner. Exploring properties of effectiveness landscapes in other mutualisms will provide new insight into the evolutionary and ecological consequences of mutualisms.
Assessment of human parvovirus B19 infection in Egyptian hemodialysis patients
Authors: Mohammad Mai H. S. , Fawzy Mohamed , Rabie Abeer G. E. , Attia Fadia M. , Anani Maha M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionParvovirus B19V has been shown to be associated with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) with increased risk of post‐infection anemia, especially in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This effect may be due to immunosuppression, insufficient erythropoietin, or short lifespan of red blood cells. Therefore, parvovirus infection should be investigated in this group of patients suffering from anemia or pancytopenia. We assessed the frequency of parvovirus B19 in HD patients attending Suez Canal University Hospital and analyzed the correlation of this infection with hematological parameters in those patients compared with normal individuals.MethodsWe recruited 80 ESRD patients on hemodialysis and 70 healthy controls. History‐taking, full examination, and complete blood count (CBC) were performed for all study subjects. Parvovirus B19 detection was performed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which included the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit for extracting DNA, which was amplified using TaqMan Universal Master Mix and detected using TaqMan MGB probes by real‐time PCR using Rotor Gene Analyzer (6000).FindingsHD patients had a significantly higher frequency of B19V infection than the control group (p = .02). We also found that parvovirus B19‐infected HD patients had significantly lower CBC values than uninfected patients.ConclusionThe frequency of parvovirus B19 was significantly higher in HD patients and was associated with lower hematological parameters than in uninfected patients, suggesting a significant role of this virus in the pathogenesis of anemia and/or pancytopenia in ESRD.
Uridine alleviates carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis by regulating the activity of liver‐related cells
Authors: Zheng Wei V. , Li Yaqin , Cheng Xianyi , Xu Yanwei , Zhou Tao , Li Dezhi , Xiong Yu , Wang Shaobin , Chen Zaizhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt present, liver fibrosis is a major challenge of global health. When hepatocyte regeneration cannot compensate for hepatocyte death, it will develop into liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Initially, collagen produced by myofibroblasts plays a role in maintaining liver integrity, but excessive collagen accumulation can inhibit the residual liver function, leading to liver failure. At present, many scientists are actively looking for drugs to alleviate liver fibrosis. In the current study, we investigated the potential role of uridine in the treatment of liver fibrosis (uridine is a plant/animal‐derived pyrimidine nucleoside, therefore uridine can also be ingested and absorbed by the body, accompanied by the process of food intake). For this, we systematically studied the effect of uridine on CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through a series of technologies, such as Western blot, laser confocal scanning microscope, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The experimental results showed that uridine can effectively reduce the accumulation of collagen in liver. Furthermore, uridine can improve the activity of liver cells and alleviate CCl4‐induced liver injury. Furthermore, uridine can significantly alleviate the risk factors caused by hepatic stellate cell activation, uridine treatment significantly down‐regulated the expression of α‐SMA, collagen type‐I and fibronectin. In conclusion, the current research shows that uridine can alleviate CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis, suggesting that uridine can be used as a potential drug to alleviate liver fibrosis.
Research Review: Neuropsychological functioning in young anorexia nervosa: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Stedal Kristin , Scherer Ronny , Touyz Stephen , Hay Phillipa , Broomfield Catherine 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCognitive inflexibility and compulsive behaviours are commonly observed in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and are often considered to be caused by impairments in executive functioning and visuospatial processing. Despite an increasing number of young individuals presenting with AN, there is a lack of meta‐analytic evidence on the neuropsychological functioning in this population. Our primary aim was to review and synthesize the differences in neuropsychological test performance between young people with AN and healthy controls, and to explore potential moderators.MethodsA database search following PRISMA guidelines of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science and Epistemonikos was conducted. Hedges' g served as an effect size indicating the standardized mean differences. We utilized mixed‐effects meta‐regression and machine learning meta‐analyses to identify relevant moderators.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1333 participants (665 with AN) and 59 effect sizes. Random‐effects meta‐analyses demonstrated a small and insignificant difference between young individuals with AN and controls ( = −0.144, 95% CI [−0.328, 0.041]) in overall neuropsychological functioning. However, the difference was significant for the cognitive domains of memory, working memory and visuospatial abilities. Moderator and machine‐learning analyses revealed a stronger negative effect in older participants and moderator effects of country and assessment quality.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the significant impact of age on neuropsychological test performance in patients with AN. There is a need for a more widespread inclusion of potentially confounding variables in primary studies as well as instruments specifically targeted at younger populations.
Esthetic evaluation of single implant‐supported prostheses: Comparative analysis of the reliability of the esthetic indices
Authors: Hamdane Khaireddine , Nasri Wafa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo carry out a detailed analysis of four indices proposed for the esthetic evaluation of implant‐supported single crowns in the anterior maxillary sector.Material and methodsFour esthetic indices were selected: the Pink and white esthetic score, the Copenhagen Index Score, the peri‐implant and crown index (PICI), and the implant restoration esthetic index (IREI). The examiners were 15 expert subjects and 30 nonexpert ones. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess reproducibility. The validity and the correlation of the esthetic indices results with the perception of nonexpert subjects were evaluated using the Pearson's correlation.ResultsFor inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility, all the esthetic indices had an intraclass correlation coefficient value>0.8. As for validity, the highest correlation values were found for the PICI and for the IREI. The values of correlation with the perception of nonexpert subjects did not exceed 0.3 for all esthetic indices.ConclusionsAll esthetic indices evaluated presented good intra‐ and inter‐rater reproducibility. Validity was considered satisfactory only for the PICI and the IREI. The correlation with the perception of nonexpert subjects showed a weak correlation with all the indices considered.Clinical significanceAn approved esthetic indice with proven reproducibility and validity could provide a better objective overview of one's own esthetic results in the daily practice. It could also help to record the results over time to analyze the stability of the treatment procedure. The esthetic results of the different surgical and prosthetic protocols can also be compared, which facilitates the analysis of the indications relevance and clinical effects. However, low reproducibility according to the specialty and the practitioner's level of expertise was observed. A heterogeneity of results was also noted when compared with those of nonexpert subjects.