bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, practice, and associated factors towards postoperative wound care among nurses working in public hospitals in Ethiopia: A multicenter cross‐sectional study in low resource setting area
Authors: Gizaw Melkamu A. , Negawo Mulu K. , Bala Elias T. , Daba Derese B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPostoperative wound care is irrigating the surgical wound with normal saline solution and applying sterile gauze or bandage. Even though challenges related to postoperative wound care and its complications are high, information related to the knowledge and practice of nurses on postoperative wound care are minimal. Therefore, this study aimed to find levels of knowledge and practices of nurses on postoperative wound care management and contributing factors among nurses working at public hospitals of West Showa, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020.MethodA facility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 465 Nurses working in public hospitals in West Showa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from June 15 to July 10, 2020. Data were collected using a self‐administered structured questionnaire that was adapted from previous studies. Descriptive statistics were performed and results were presented using tables and graphs. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was undertaken, and variables with p < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant.ResultOnly 44.3% (95% CI = 39.5%, 48.9%) and 48.0% (95% CI = 43.4%, 52.4%) of nurses have good knowledge and practice in postoperative wound care, respectively. Male nurses (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.90 (1.25–2.89), working in gynecology ward (AOR = 0.42 [0.18–0.95]), experience of ≥2 years in surgical units (AOR = 2.97 [1.10–8.02]), working in secondary hospital (AOR = 1.94 [1.16–3.26]), and working in tertiary hospital (AOR = 3.31 [1.81–6.08]) were significantly associated with the knowledge of nurses. An adequate supply of personal protective equipment (AOR = 3.38 [1.29–8.84]), using infection prevention guidelines (AOR = 5.03 [2.16–11.7]) and the presence of an adequate wound care materials (AOR = 3.67 [1.71–7.88]) were significantly associated with the practice of nurses.ConclusionLess than half of nurses had good knowledge and practice in postoperative wound care and several factors contribute to its improvement. Upgrading the nurse's knowledge and practice towards postoperative wound care is essential in preventing postoperative wound infection.
Evaluation of effects-based methods as monitoring tools for assessing ecological impacts of metals in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Brix Kevin V. , Blust Ronny , Mertens Jelle , Baken Stijn , Middleton Ellie T. , Cooper Chris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Effects-based methods (EBMs) are considered part of a more integrative strategy for regulating substances of concern under the European Union Water Framework Directive. In general, EBMs have been demonstrated as useful indicators of effects on biota, although links to population and community-level effects are sometimes uncertain. When EBMs are sufficiently specific and sensitive, and links between measured endpoints and apical or higher level effects are established, they can be a useful tool in assessing effects from a specific toxicant or class of toxicants. This is particularly valuable for toxicants that are difficult to measure and for assessing the effects of toxicant mixtures. This paper evaluates 12 EBMs that have been proposed for potential use in the assessment of metals. Each EBM was evaluated with respect to metal specificity and sensitivity, sensitivity to other classes of toxicants, and the strength of the relationship between EBM endpoints and effects observed at the whole organism or population levels of biological organization. The evaluation concluded that none of the EBMs evaluated meet all three criteria of being sensitive to metals, insensitive to other classes of toxicants, and a strong indicator of effects at the whole organism or population level. Given the lack of suitable EBMs for metals, we recommended that the continued development of mixture biotic ligand models (mBLMs) may be the most effective way to achieve the goal of a more holistic approach to regulating metals in aquatic ecosystems. Given the need to further develop and validate mBLMs, we suggest an interim weight-of-evidence approach that includes mBLMs, macroinvertebrate community bioassessment, and measurement of metals in key macroinvertebrate species. This approach provides a near-term solution and simultaneously generates data needed for the refinement and validation of mBLMs. Once validated, it should be possible to rely primarily on mBLMs as an alternative to EBMs for metals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:24–31. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
A nationwide longitudinal study on risk factors for progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 to anal cancer
Authors: Faber Mette T. , Frederiksen Kirsten , Palefsky Joel M. , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLittle is known about risk factors for progression of high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) to anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). In this large, population‐based study, we assess the role of factors related to immune status for the risk of ASCC among individuals from the general population with a diagnosis of AIN3. Individuals diagnosed with AIN3 during 1985‐2016 were identified in the Danish Pathology Registry and followed for subsequent development of ASCC. The study population was linked to the National Patient Registry, the Danish Prescription Registry and the Danish HIV Cohort Study for information on autoimmune disease, genital warts and HIV status. To study the progression rate, Cox regression models with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied with time since AIN3 as the underlying time scale and with adjustment for age at AIN3 diagnosis, year of AIN3 diagnosis and sex. The study population comprised 1222 individuals with AIN3 contributing 12 824 person‐years of follow‐up. Ninety‐seven individuals (7.9%) developed ASCC. Individuals registered with an autoimmune disease or genital warts before and/or after the AIN3 diagnosis had an increased rate of progression to ASCC compared to individuals without these conditions. People living with HIV had a higher progression rate than HIV‐negative individuals (HR = 4.25; 95% CI: 1.87‐9.65) with the highest progression rate among those with CD4 count ≤200 cells/μL. These associations may be caused by an interplay between HPV infection and immunosuppression.
Integrin alpha 6 is upregulated and drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression through integrin α6β4 complex
Authors: Zheng Guixi , Bouamar Hakim , Cserhati Matyas , Zeballos Carla R. , Mehta Isha , Zare Habil , Broome Larry , Hu Ruolei , Lai Zhao , Chen Yidong , Sharkey Francis E. , Rani Meenakshi , Halff Glenn A. , Cigarroa Francisco G. , Sun Lu‐Zhe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntegrin α6 (ITGA6) forms integrin receptors with either integrin β1 (ITGB1) or integrin β4 (ITGB4). How it functions to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not well‐elucidated. We found that ITGA6 RNA and protein expression levels are significantly elevated in human HCC tissues in comparison with paired adjacent nontumor tissues by RNA sequencing, RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Stable knockdown of ITGA6 with different ITGA6 shRNA expression lentivectors significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and anchorage‐independent growth of HCC cell lines in vitro, and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition of anchorage‐dependent and ‐independent growth of HCC cell lines was also confirmed with anti‐ITGA6 antibody. ITGA6 knockdown was shown to induce cell‐cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed apparent interaction of ITGA6 with ITGB4, but not ITGB1. Expression studies showed that ITGA6 positively regulates the expression of ITGB4 with no or negative regulation of ITGB1 expression. Finally, while high levels of ITGA6 and ITGB4 together were associated with significantly worse survival of HCC patients in TCGA data set, the association was not significant for high levels of ITGA6 and ITGB1. In conclusion, ITGA6 is upregulated in HCC tumors and has a malignant promoting role in HCC cells through integrin α6β4 complex. Thus, integrin α6β4 may be a therapeutic target for treating patients with HCC.
Amplified Ca2+ dynamics and accelerated cell proliferation in breast cancer tissue during purinergic stimulation
Authors: Henningsen Mikkel B. , McWhan Kezia , Dam Vibeke S. , Mele Marco , Hauerslev Katrine R. , Voss Ninna C. S. , Dabir Parag D. , Balling Eva , Pedersen Helene L. , Vahl Pernille , Johansen Tonje , Tramm Trine , Christiansen Peer M. , Boedtkjer Ebbe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntracellular Ca2+ dynamics shape malignant behaviors of cancer cells. Whereas previous studies focused on cultured cancer cells, we here used breast organoids and colonic crypts freshly isolated from human and murine surgical biopsies. We performed fluorescence microscopy to evaluate intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in breast and colon cancer tissue with preferential focus on intracellular Ca2+ release in response to purinergic and cholinergic stimuli. Inhibition of the sarco‐/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase with cyclopiazonic acid elicited larger Ca2+ responses in breast cancer tissue, but not in colon cancer tissue, relative to respective normal tissue. The resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration was elevated, and ATP, UTP and acetylcholine induced strongly augmented intracellular Ca2+ responses in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue. In contrast, resting intracellular Ca2+ levels and acetylcholine‐induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were unaffected and ATP‐ and UTP‐induced Ca2+ responses were smaller in colon cancer tissue compared with normal colon tissue. In accordance with the amplified Ca2+ responses, ATP and UTP substantially increased proliferative activity—evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation—in breast cancer tissue, whereas the effect was minimal in normal breast tissue. ATP caused cell death—identified with ethidium homodimer‐1 staining—in breast cancer tissue only at concentrations above the expected pathophysiological range. We conclude that intracellular Ca2+ responses are amplified in breast cancer tissue, but not in colon cancer tissue, and that nucleotide signaling stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation within the extracellular concentration range typical for solid cancer tissue.
The choice of performance measures, target setting and vesting levels in UK firms' Chief Executive Officer equity‐based compensation
Authors: Hameed Affan , Padgett Carol , Clements Michael P. , Ullah Subhan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyses factors influencing the choice of performance measure in CEO equity‐based compensation, for a sample of 3,400 plans from 400 UK firms between 2007 and 2015. We examine the effect of the volatility of earnings per share (EPS) and of total shareholder returns (TSR) on the choice of performance measures, taking into account four categories of measure: EPS alone, TSR alone, EPS and TSR jointly, or neither EPS nor TSR. This allows us to utilize a comprehensive cross‐section of plans. The results are robust to controlling for plan types, the use of different compensation consultants, industry and time‐specific effects. We find that “EPS and TSR jointly” is the most common category of performance measure employed by firms. Our empirical results show that firms with higher EPS volatility and lower TSR volatility are more likely to choose TSR as a performance measure and that firms with higher EPS volatility are less likely to choose EPS alone; we argue that these results are consistent with optimal contracting theory. Second, we conduct a novel, detailed description of the performance measures, comparator groups, plan choices, threshold targets and vesting levels at minimum and maximum thresholds, used in CEO compensation contracts. We further argue that commonalities across firms in the elements of target‐setting are evidence of institutional isomorphism.
Real‐time fiber‐optic recording of acute‐ischemic‐stroke signatures
Authors: Pochechuev Matvey S. , Bilan Dmitry S. , Fedotov Ilya V. , Kelmanson Ilya V. , Solotenkov Maxim A. , Stepanov Evgeny A. , Kotova Daria A. , Ivanova Alexandra D. , Kostyuk Alexander I. , Raevskii Roman I. , Lanin Aleksandr A. , Fedotov Andrei B. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present an experimental framework and methodology for in vivo studies on rat stroke models that enable a real‐time fiber‐optic recording of stroke‐induced hydrogen peroxide and pH transients in ischemia‐affected brain areas. Arrays of reconnectable implantable fiber probes combined with advanced optogenetic fluorescent protein sensors are shown to enable a quantitative multisite time‐resolved study of oxidative‐stress and acidosis buildup dynamics as the key markers, correlates and possible drivers of ischemic stroke. The fiber probes designed for this work provide a wavelength‐multiplex forward‐propagation channel for a spatially localized, dual‐pathway excitation of genetically encoded fluorescence‐protein sensors along with a back‐propagation channel for the fluorescence return from optically driven fluorescence sensors. We show that the spectral analysis of the fiber‐probe‐collected fluorescence return provides means for a high‐fidelity autofluorescence background subtraction, thus enhancing the sensitivity of real‐time detection of stroke‐induced transients and significantly reducing measurement uncertainties in in vivo acute‐stroke studies as inherently statistical experiments operating with outcomes of multiply repeated measurements on large populations of individually variable animal stroke models.
Effect of mutations across reverse transcriptase region on HBV replication and progression of liver diseases in Chinese patients
Authors: Lai Xiaoqin , Chen Wenfa , Wu Yuzhu , Gao Yali , Zhang Yalan , Xu Xuwei , Fu Ya , Wang Xinwen , Yang Yanbing , Zhang Yin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt was known that mutations in the RT region were mainly related to nucleot(s)ide analogs resistance. Increasing studies indicated that RT mutations were related to advanced liver diseases (ALD) and had effects on HBV replication, but the distribution characteristics of mutations across RT region in the development of liver diseases and the effect of RT mutations on HBV replication were not fully clarified. HBV RT region was direct‐sequenced in 1473 chronic HBV‐infected patients. Mutation frequencies were analyzed to identify the specific mutations differing between groups classified by genotypes, loads of HBV DNA, or progression of liver diseases. In the range of rt145‐rt290, rt145, rt221, rt222, rt267, and rt271 were the genotype‐polymorphic sites, while rt238 was the genotype‐specific sites. Mutations at rt163, rt173, rt180, rt181, rt184, rt191, rt199, and rt214 were more frequent among patients with C‐genotype HBV, while those at rt220, rt225, rt226, rt269, and rt274 were more frequent among patients with B‐genotype HBV. RtM204V/I could reduce the HBV DNA loads while rtQ/L267H/R could increase the HBV DNA loads. RtV214A/E/I (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.09 to 14.26) was an independent risk factor for advanced liver diseases. In summary, the hotspots of mutations were different between B and C genotypes. Besides the effect on the S region, RT mutations had effects on HBV replication by other unknown ways. RtV214A/E/I was found to be an independent risk factor for ALD, suggesting that mutations at rt214 site could be used as a potential virological marker for the liver disease progression.
Pharmacognostic standardization of Rhododendron afghanicum through scanning electron microscopy and analytical techniques
Authors: Alam Khan , Ahmad Nadeem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess and compare the pharmacognostic and microscopic features of the selected parts of Rhododendron afghanicum Aitch. & Hemsl. It is a perennial and shrub. Anatomy of stem and leaves depicted dicot structure. It will provide knowledge about standardization, authentication, and adulteration with its co‐species. The macroscopic examination reveals that fresh leaves are green, pleasant odor with a bitter taste. The leaf is oblong‐elliptic in shape and sub‐acute at apex; rounded at the base with entire margin. Stem is irregular and the outer surface is light brown, rough with fissures and ridges. Microscopic examination indicated the presence of xylem, phloem, peltate trichome, epidermal cells, collenchymas cells, paracytic stomata, and reticulate vessels. Stem microscopy reveals epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, sclerenchymatous sheath, phloem, xylem, and pith. It will be helpful in identification and quality control. Micro‐morphological features were observed through SEM. EDX spectroscopy were carried out and revealed the presence of calcium, silicon, and potassium. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, protein, flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. Ethyl acetate for leaf and stem demonstrate the highest extractive values (18% and 13%), respectively. XRD peaks appeared at 30.21, 28.73, 205.73, 200.73, 380.07, 390.24, 490.11, and 450.33ο. This will be helpful to identify the ownership of herbal drugs by the diffraction peaks through crystal structures and atomic spacing. These parameters are crucial for drug identification, standardization, authentication, and drug designing. These studies also provided knowledge regarding therapeutic and nutraceutical importance of this plant.Research HighlightsThe current pharmacognostic studies carried out on Rhododendron afghanicum can serve as a basis for compiling keys for finding the taxonomic identification and authentication of the said species by morphological, anatomical, and physicochemical features.
Input subsidy versus output subsidy for green R&D in a supply chain
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Tan Qianwen , Ji Yuchang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of the government's input subsidy and output subsidy in a green supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. We find the input subsidy does not necessarily give rise to a higher R&D input, while the output subsidy does not necessarily lead to a higher output. The comparison is strongly dependent on the externality of the production and consumers' environmental awareness.
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Edema in Lipedema Revealed by Noninvasive 3T MR Lymphangiography
Authors: Crescenzi Rachelle , Donahue Paula M. C. , Garza Maria , Patel Niral J. , Lee Chelsea , Guerreso Kelsey , Hall Greg , Luo Yu , Chen Sheau‐Chiann , Herbst Karen L. , Pridmore Michael , Aday Aaron W. , Beckman Joshua A. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundLipedema exhibits excessive lower‐extremity subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) deposition, which is frequently misidentified as obesity until lymphedema presents. MR lymphangiography may have relevance to distinguish lipedema from obesity or lymphedema.HypothesisHyperintensity profiles on 3T MR lymphangiography can identify distinct features consistent with SAT edema in participants with lipedema.Study TypeProspective cross‐sectional study.SubjectsParticipants (48 females, matched for age [mean = 44.8 years]) with lipedema (n = 14), lipedema with lymphedema (LWL, n = 12), cancer treatment‐related lymphedema (lymphedema, n = 8), and controls without these conditions (n = 14).Field Strength/Sequence3T MR lymphangiography (nontracer 3D turbo‐spin‐echo).AssessmentReview of lymphangiograms in lower extremities by three radiologists was performed independently. Spatial patterns of hyperintense signal within the SAT were scored for extravascular (focal, diffuse, or not apparent) and vascular (linear, dilated, or not apparent) image features.Statistical TestsInterreader reliability was computed using Fleiss Kappa. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the proportion of image features between study groups. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between image features and study groups. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of SAT extravascular and vascular features was reported in groups compared to lipedema. The threshold of statistical significance was P < 0.05.ResultsReliable agreement was demonstrated between three independent, blinded reviewers (P < 0.001). The frequency of SAT hyperintensities in participants with lipedema (36% focal, 36% diffuse), LWL (42% focal, 33% diffuse), lymphedema (62% focal, 38% diffuse), and controls (43% focal, 0% diffuse) was significantly distinct. Compared with lipedema, SAT hyperintensities were less frequent in controls (focal: OR = 0.63, CI = 0.11–3.41; diffuse: OR = 0.05, CI = 0.00–1.27), similar in LWL (focal: OR = 1.29, CI = 0.19–8.89; diffuse: OR = 1.05, CI = 0.15–7.61), and more frequent in lymphedema (focal: OR = 9.00, CI = 0.30–274.12; diffuse: OR = 5.73, CI = 0.18–186.84).Data ConclusionNoninvasive MR lymphangiography identifies distinct signal patterns indicating SAT edema and lymphatic load in participants with lipedema.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Probiotic‐fermented Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi alleviates alcoholic liver injury by enhancing antioxidant defense and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Wenjun , Peng Dong , Li Weijie , Chen Suiying , Liu Bing , Huang Pingxi , Wu Junsong , Du Bing , Li Pan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (PL) has been used in China to detoxify alcohol and protect the liver for millennia, though its mechanism of liver protection has not been elucidated. However, fermentation is considered to be one of the effective ways to enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective mechanism of probiotic‐fermented PL (FPL). Sprague Dawley rats were administered with FPL followed by gavage of alcohol for seven consecutive days; following that, liver injury levels were evaluated in rats.RESULTSFPL ameliorated lipid accumulation and inflammation levels in rats. Meanwhile, the levels of ethanol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P4502E1 were elevated by FPL treatment. It was observed that the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were elevated, and the expression of nuclear transcriptional factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 genes and proteins were increased by FPL treatment, demonstrating that the Nrf2‐mediated signal pathway was activated. Furthermore, FPL restored the composition of the gut microbiota with an increase in the abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and a decrease in the abundances of Bacteroidota and Akkermansia. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between the gut microbiota and the antioxidant parameters.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that FPL possesses an excellent protective effect in alcoholic liver injury. Our findings are beneficial to the development of hepatoprotective nutraceuticals for alcoholics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.