bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors in the United States (2014-2018): A summary of the CBTRUS statistical report for clinicians
Authors: Low Justin T , Ostrom Quinn T , Cioffi Gino , Neff Corey , Waite Kristin A , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) contains information on all primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors diagnosed in the United States (US). Here we summarize the 2021 CBTRUS annual statistical report for clinicians.

Methods
Incidence survival data are obtained from the Centers for Disease Control’s National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Survival data are obtained from NPCR. Mortality data are obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Incidence and mortality rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US population and presented per 100,000 population.

Results
An annual average of 86,355 cases of primary malignant and nonmalignant CNS tumors were diagnosed over the period 2014–2018, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of 24.25. The most commonly occurring malignant tumor was glioblastoma (14.3%), and the most common predominately nonmalignant tumor was meningioma (39%). Over the 2014–2018 period, there were 16,606 annual average deaths due to malignant primary CNS tumors, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted mortality rate of 4.43. In this report we detail key incidence, survival, and mortality statistics for major primary CNS tumor histologies, highlighting relevant differences by age, sex, and race.

Conclusions
This summary describes the most up to date population-based incidence of primary malignant and nonmalignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US, and mortality and survival for primary malignant tumors and aims to serve as a useful resource for clinicians.
Water-assisted and protein-initiated fast and controlled ring-opening polymerization of proline N-carboxyanhydride
Authors: Hu Yali , Tian Zi-You , Xiong Wei , Wang Dedao , Zhao Ruichi , Xie Yan , Song Yu-Qin , Zhu Jun , Lu Hua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The production of polypeptides via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) is usually conducted under stringent anhydrous conditions. The ROP of proline NCA (ProNCA) for the synthesis of poly-L-proline (PLP) is particularly challenging due to the premature product precipitation as polyproline type I helices, leading to slow reactions for up to one week, poor control of the molar mass and laborious workup. Here, we report the unexpected water-assisted controlled ROP of ProNCA, which affords well-defined PLP as polyproline II helices in 2–5 minutes and almost-quantitative yields. Experimental and theoretical studies together suggest the as-yet-unreported role of water in facilitating proton shift, which significantly lowers the energy barrier of the chain propagation. The scope of initiators can be expanded from hydrophobic amines to encompass hydrophilic amines and thiol-bearing nucleophiles, including complex biomacromolecules such as proteins. Protein-mediated ROP of ProNCA conveniently affords various protein-PLP conjugates via a grafting-from approach. PLP modification not only preserves the biological activities of the native proteins, but also enhances their resistance to extreme conditions. Moreover, PLP modification extends the elimination half-life of asparaginase (ASNase) 18-fold and mitigates the immunogenicity of wt ASNase &gt;250-fold (ASNase is a first-line anticancer drug for lymphoma treatment). This work provides a simple solution to a long-standing problem in PLP synthesis, and offers valuable guidance for the development of water-resistant ROP of other proline-like NCAs. The facile access to PLP can greatly boost the application potential of PLP-based functional materials for engineering industry enzymes and therapeutic proteins.
Impact of G-CSF Prophylaxis on Chemotherapy Dose-Intensity, Link Between Dose-Intensity and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Canton Clémence , Boussari Olayidé , Boulin Mathieu , Le Malicot Karine , Taieb Julien , Dahan Laetitia , Lopez Anthony , Lepage Come , Bachet Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
In metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, few data are available on the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis and its impact on dose-intensity (DI), or the link between DI and progression-free survival (PFS). This study assessed the impact of G-CSF prophylaxis on the DI received by patients and the relationship between full DI and PFS according to chemotherapy regimens.

Patients and Methods
Patients from three first-line randomized phase II clinical trials were included in this retrospective cohort. G-CSF prophylaxis groups were identified and balanced according to baseline characteristics using a propensity score. Patients were classified into 2 treatment groups (FOLFIRINOX vs FOLFIRI/nab-paclitaxel (NAB)). DI was a binary variable (full/reduced). Adverse events were defined using NCI-CTCAE v4.0.

Results
Of the 498 patients, 154 (31%) were in “prophylaxis” group; 179 (36%) were treated by FOLFIRINOX and 319 (64%) by FOLFIRI/NAB. In FOLFIRINOX group, G-CSF prophylaxis was significantly associated with a higher rate of full DI (OR, 5.07; 95% CI, 1.52-16.90; P &lt; .01) while in FOLFIRI/NAB group, it was significantly associated with a lower rate of full DI (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.83; P = .03). Full DI was associated with a non-significant increase in PFS (FOLFIRINOX group: HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.16; P = .27; FOLFIRI/NAB group: HR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.63-1.11; P = .22).

Conclusion
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor prophylaxis was associated with a higher rate of full DI with FOLFIRINOX. Full DI was associated with a non-significant increase in PFS. These results need to be confirmed prospectively.
Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Isawa Tsuyoshi , Toi Yukihiro , Sugawara Shunichi , Taguri Masataka , Toyoda Shigeru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular immune-related adverse events (CV–irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may have been underreported given that most previous reports were retrospective. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics, and predictors of CV–irAEs and determine the feasibility of serial cardiac monitoring using a combination of B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin T, and electrocardiogram for the prediction of future symptomatic (grade ≥2) CV–irAEs.

Materials and Methods
This was a prospective observational study that included 129 consecutive patients with non–small-cell lung cancer who received ICI monotherapy at a single center. Serial cardiac monitoring was performed during ICI monotherapy.

Results
A total of 35 (27%) patients developed any grade ≥1 CV–irAEs with a median time of onset of 72 (interquartile range 44-216) days after ICI treatment initiation. Multivariate Fine–Gray regression analysis showed that prior acute coronary syndrome (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.15 (95% [CI], 2.03-4.91), prior heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.65 [95% CI, 1.17-2.33]), and achievement of disease control (adjusted HR 1.91, [95% CI, 1.16-3.14]) were significantly associated with grade ≥1 CV–irAEs. Serial cardiac monitoring revealed that patients with preceding grade 1 CV–irAEs were associated with a significantly higher risk of onset of grade ≥2 CV–irAEs compared with those without preceding grade 1 CV–irAEs (HR: 6.17 [95% CI, 2.97-12.83]).

Conclusion
CV–irAEs were more common than previously recognized and have several predictors. Moreover, serial cardiac monitoring may be feasible for the prediction of future grade ≥2 CV–irAEs.
Sustained defense response via volatile signaling and its epigenetic transcriptional regulation
Authors: Onosato Haruki , Fujimoto Genya , Higami Tomota , Sakamoto Takuya , Yamada Ayaka , Suzuki Takamasa , Ozawa Rika , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Seki Motoaki , Ueda Minoru , Sako Kaori , Galis Ivan , Arimura Gen-ichiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlants perceive volatiles emitted from herbivore-damaged neighboring plants to urgently adapt or prime their defense responses to prepare for forthcoming herbivores. Mechanistically, these volatiles can induce epigenetic regulation based on histone modifications that alter the transcriptional status of defense genes, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To understand the roles of such epigenetic regulation of plant volatile signaling, we explored the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to the volatile β-ocimene. Defense traits of Arabidopsis plants toward larvae of Spodoptera litura were induced in response to β-ocimene, through enriched histone acetylation and elevated transcriptional levels of defense gene regulators, including ethylene response factor genes (ERF8 and ERF104) in leaves. The enhanced defense ability of the plants was maintained for 5 d but not over 10 d after exposure to β-ocimene, and this coincided with elevated expression of those ERFs in their leaves. An array of histone acetyltransferases, including HAC1, HAC5, and HAM1, were responsible for the induction and maintenance of the anti-herbivore property. HDA6, a histone deacetylase, played a role in the reverse histone remodeling. Collectively, our findings illuminate the role of epigenetic regulation in plant volatile signaling.
Implementing a Patrol-driven Intelligence Officer program: A Policing Innovation Trial
Authors: Bottema A Johannes , Rountree-Jackson Wendy , Telep Cody W 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntelligence-led policing focuses on using intelligence and analysis to reduce, address, and prevent crime or other forms of harm through a wide array of strategies. Traditionally, this has been associated with a top-down approach. A collaborative effort by the Phoenix Police Department and Arizona State University sought to take an innovative approach by introducing a patrol-driven programme: the Intelligence Officer (IO) Programme. This article utilizes data from the IO Programme to examine the importance of the police–university partnership in expanding the programme and the success of two critical areas of the programme: the training of patrol officers and their contribution to the successful application of intelligence. Generally, surveys demonstrate high receptivity to the basic and advanced IO Programme training. Daily logs and IO reports also indicate that the IO Programme has tangible benefits with great potential for success. The implications of these findings and potential avenues for research are discussed.
Physical Therapist Residency Competency-Based Education: Development of an Assessment Instrument
Authors: Harrington Kendra L , Teramoto Masaru , Black Lisa , Carey Helen , Hartley Greg , Yung Emmanuel , Osborne Jacqueline , Goldberg Penny , Tran Rachel Tabak , Hillegass Ellen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop generic domains of competence (DoC) with associated competencies and milestones for physical therapist residency education. This work was intended to culminate in establishing validity evidence to support a competency-based assessment instrument that could be used by residency programs to evaluate resident achievement of the competencies, regardless of specialty area.MethodsEmploying the modified Delphi method, a residency education work group developed an evaluation instrument that included 7 DoC and 31 associated competencies with 6 milestones as rating scales for each competency. The instrument was distributed to mentors and residents in accredited physical therapist residency programs to establish validity evidence. Evaluations (measured by milestones) and demographics were collected at 3 time points (program entry, midterm, and final). Scores across these time points were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Reliability was assessed with kappa statistics (interrater reliability) and alpha reliability coefficients (internal consistency). Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modeling.ResultsOverall, 237 mentors and 228 residents completed 824 evaluations (460 by mentors and 364 resident self-evaluations) across the time points. Scores significantly increased from entry through final time points. The interrater reliability of the associated behaviors ranged from moderate to substantial agreement (κ = 0.417–0.774). The internal consistency was high for all DoC at every time point (α reliability coefficients = .881–.955 for entry, .857–.925 for midterm, and .824–.902 for final). After confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling was performed, a model that included 7 DoC and 20 associated competencies was proposed.ConclusionsThe residency assessment instrument developed demonstrates interrater reliability and validity evidence and therefore supports competency-based assessment of resident clinical performance across specialty areas. Additionally, the instrument aligns the physical therapy profession with other professions, such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy, that have transitioned to competency-based education.ImpactThis study outlines the benefits of moving to competency-based education for physical therapist residents, using a sound evaluation tool that evaluates residents across specialty areas. The instrument will allow for transition to competency-based education in physical therapist residency education programs.
Conversations that warm the heart: positive and negative links to the mental health challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Peterson Candida C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Public-health precautions to curb Covid-19 (e.g. lockdowns) threaten mental health and emotional wellbeing, especially for today’s youngest adults. Their overuse of solitary, screen-mediated social media, plus underdeveloped in-person conversation skills, heighten their vulnerability to mental health problems such as loneliness, anxiety and depression.

Methods
To explore interconnections among variables such as social media use, empathic skills for in-person conversation and strategies for coping with Covid-19 anxiety, Australian 18- to 26-year-olds took several novel in-depth questionnaire measures that were purpose-built for the present research.

Results
Main findings were threefold: (i) Individuals who most frequently and wholeheartedly enjoyed live in-person conversations with friends suffered the most Covid-19 anxiety, worry and stress during periods of pandemic restriction. (ii) Empathic conversational skills were highest among those who conversed in-person (by phone or face-to-face) most often and were lowest for those who rarely did so and/or had little skill with in-person conversation. (iii) Those who gained the greatest relief from anxiety (e.g. about Covid-19) through solitary use of screen-based social media and games had the fewest empathic conversational skills.

Conclusions
Implications of these findings for suggesting possible future interventions to help young people cope with public health measures such as lockdowns and to foster community health and wellbeing are discussed.
Sirt1 Protects Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Stem Cells from DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Contributes to Olfactory Function Maintenance in Aging Mice
Authors: Ren Jie , Wang Xianli , Dong Chuanming , Wang Guangming , Zhang Wenjun , Cai Chunhui , Qian Minxian , Yang Danjing , Ling Bin , Ning Ke , Mao Zhiyong , Liu Baohua , Wang Tinghua , Xiong Liuliu , Wang Wenyuan , Liang Aibin , Gao Zhengliang , Xu Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
DNA damage is assumed to accumulate in stem cells over time and their ability to withstand this damage and maintain tissue homeostasis is the key determinant of aging. Nonetheless, relatively few studies have investigated whether DNA damage does indeed accumulate in stem cells and whether this contributes to stem cell aging and functional decline. Here, we found that, compared with young mice, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are reduced in the subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) of aged mice, which was achieved partly through the adaptive upregulation of Sirt1 expression and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA repair. Sirt1 deficiency abolished this effect, leading to stem cell exhaustion, olfactory memory decline, and accelerated aging. The reduced DSBs and the upregulation of Sirt1 expression in SVZ-derived NSCs with age may represent a compensatory mechanism that evolved to protect stem cells from excessive DNA damage, as well as mitigate memory loss and other stresses during aging.
Active living-oriented zoning codes and cardiometabolic conditions across the lifespan
Authors: Zenk Shannon N , Pugach Oksana , Chriqui Jamie F , Wing Coady , Raymond Dorrie , Tarlov Elizabeth , Sheridan Bethany , Jones Kelly K , Slater Sandy J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Environments that make it easier for people to incorporate physical activity into their daily life may help to reduce high rates of cardiometabolic conditions. Local zoning codes are a policy and planning tool to create more walkable and bikeable environments. This study evaluated relationships between active living-oriented zoning code environments and cardiometabolic conditions (body mass index, hyperlipidemia, hypertension). The study used county identifiers to link electronic health record and other administrative data for a sample of patients utilizing primary care services between 2012 and 2016 with county-aggregated zoning code data and built environment data. The analytic sample included 7,441,991 patients living in 292 counties in 44 states. Latent class analysis was used to summarize municipal- and unincorporated county-level data on seven zoning provisions (e.g., sidewalks, trails, street connectivity, mixed land use), resulting in classes that differed in strength of the zoning provisions. Based on the probability of class membership, counties were categorized as one of four classes. Linear and logistic regression models estimated cross-sectional associations with each cardiometabolic condition. Models were fit separately for youth (aged 5–19), adults (aged 20–59), and older adults (aged 60+). Little evidence was found that body mass index in youth, adults, or older adults or the odds of hyperlipidemia or hypertension in adults or older adults differed according to the strength of active living-oriented zoning. More research is needed to identify the health impacts of zoning codes and whether alterations to these codes would improve population health over the long term.
Deep-sea discoveries
Authors: Przeslawski Rachel , Christenhusz Maarten J M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The deep sea holds a fascination for many of us but remains a frontier for discovery, with new species identified during almost every deep-sea expedition. This editorial provides an overview of deep-sea biological exploration, using technological advancement as a framework for summarizing deep-sea discoveries to show their development over time. We also describe some of the many challenges still associated with undertaking research in this remote environment. More qualified people, continued technological advancement and coordinated collaboration are crucial in these frontier regions, where species inventories and ecological understanding are limited. This editorial is the prelude to a selection of 15 recent papers on deep-sea biological discoveries published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
Healthcare disparities in telemedicine for rheumatology care
Authors: Jackson Lesley E. , Danila Maria I. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
We summarize the recent literature published in the last 2 years on healthcare disparities observed in the delivery of rheumatology care by telemedicine. We highlight recent research dissecting the underpinnings of healthcare disparities and identify potentially modifiable contributing factors.

Recent findings
The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impacts on care delivery and has led to a pronounced increase in telemedicine use in rheumatology practice. Telemedicine services are disproportionately underutilized by racial/ethnic minority groups and among patients with lower socioeconomic status. Disparities in telemedicine access and use among vulnerable populations threatens to exacerbate existing outcome inequalities affecting people with rheumatic disease.

Summary
Telemedicine has the potential to expand rheumatology services by reaching traditionally underserved communities. However, some areas lack the infrastructure and technology to engage in telemedicine. Addressing health equity and the digital divide may help foster more inclusive telemedicine care.
circBIRC6 contributes to the development of non-small cell lung cancer via regulating microRNA-217/amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2 axis
Authors: Ni Da , Teng Jiping , Cheng Youshuang , Zhu Zhijun , Zhuang Bufeng , Yang Zhiyin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be important regulators in cancer biology. In this study, we focused on the effect of circRNA baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) repeat containing 6 (circBIRC6) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.

Methods:
The NSCLC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted for assessing the levels of circBIRC6, amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2 (APPBP2) messenger RNA (mRNA), baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 mRNA (BIRC6), and microRNA-217 (miR-217). Western blot assay was adopted for measuring the protein levels of APPBP2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry analysis were utilized for evaluating cell colony formation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Dualluciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were carried out to determine the interaction between miR-217 and circBIRC6 and APPBP2 in NSCLC tissues. The murine xenograft model assay was used to investigate the function of circBIRC6 in tumor formation in vivo. Differences were analyzed via Student's t test or one-way analysis of variance. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyze linear correlation.

Results:
CircBIRC6 was overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circBIRC6 repressed the colony formation and metastasis and facilitated apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro and restrained tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanically, circBIRC6 functioned as miR-217 sponge to promote APPBP2 expression in NSCLC cells. MiR-217 inhibition rescued circBIRC6 knockdown-mediated effects on NSCLC cell colony formation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-217 inhibited the malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells, while the effects were abrogated by elevating APPBP2.

Conclusion:
CircBIRC6 aggravated NSCLC cell progression by elevating APPBP2 via sponging miR-217, which might provide a fresh perspective on NSCLC therapy.