bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der berufliche Werdegang der Mannesmann-Vorstandsvorsitzenden und ihre Arbeit im Team
Authors: Wessel Horst A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article examines the careers of the ten chairmen of the Board of Directors (CEOs) of the pioneer enterprise Mannesmann from its founding in 1890 to its takeover and dismantling by Vodafone in 2000. The company, which was originally founded to use a revolutionary invention for the production of seamless steel tubes from a solid block of steel alone by rolling, developed into an integrated vertical organized mining group of Ruhr-typical character due to reasons of market organization. As the first mining enterprise it diversified to a technology group after World War II and created a new basis as the first private provider of telecommunications services in the 1990s.
Among other things, the chairmen of the Board of Directors (CEOs) were enquired about their regional and family origins, their educational background, their professional training and career, and about their specific reasons for joining Mannesmann. Finally, the article analyses the age at which this occurred, and how the rise to the top of the company took place. Particular attention is paid to their work as executives in a team as the essential basis for success and failure.<fnote>Mit Anmerkungen versehene und ergänzte Fassung eines Vortrags, gehalten anlässlich des 44. Wissenschaftlichen Symposiums der GUG «Karriere von Führungskräften innerhalb und außerhalb von Organisationen», Stuttgart 21./22. Oktober 2021.</fnote>
Business Student Perspectives Regarding Ways to Enhance the Online Learning Process
Authors: Kazybayeva Aiman , Smykova Madina , M. Krueger Thomas , Duchshanova Madina , Sokhatskaya Nataliya 
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to understand the key components of a relevant, successful online pedagogy. Using these insights, instructors in the virtual classroom can facilitate and accentuate the knowledge gained by responding to student emotional needs and perceptions. This research evaluates students' attitudes regarding multiple facets of online instruction. In addition to revealing student opinions regarding online course characteristics, using the framework of Schmitt’s Sensory Impact Model, this report shares suggestions for improvement obtained by surveying 160 marketing and management students at a leading Central Asian university. It is the opinion of 58 percent of the students that active participation in discussions improve their academic performance. Our study further shows that astute revision of the online environment can impact student attitudes regarding online learning. Our investigation reveals that improving student motivation is a crucial step to optimizing the value added of the online knowledge transmission process. Insights to student perception regarding the importance of pedagogic factors will improve the online course as well as student perceptions of the online experience.
Managing Credit Risk Strategies for Commercial Banks: The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Sahiti Arbana , Alshiqi Sevdie , Neskorodieva Inna , Sahiti Arben , Bekteshi Xhelil 
Published: March 2022

The study aims to substantiate effective strategies to manage credit risks in commercial banks, for example, Kosovo. Based on the annual financial statements of commercial banks in Kosovo for 2010-2020. We built polynomial regression models to assess the impact of credit risk on the bank's financial stability. Empirically, determined and argued the different nature of the credit risks influencing the bank's financial stability according to various on the assets size of commercial banks. Preventive and reactive scenarios for minimizing the negative impact of credit risk on the financial stability of commercial banks in Kosovo have been determined using the constructed regression models. The results obtained are of practical importance and can help develop effective strategies for managing the financial risks in commercial banks in times of crisis and building up financial stability in stable conditions.
INTRODUCTION OF FOOD ENCAPSULATED EMULSIONS WITH RUTIN TO PREVENT ALIMENTARY DISEASES
Authors: Telezhenko Liudmyla , Kolesnichenko Svetlana 
Published: March 2022

The last years, in Ukraine and around the world there is a tendency to introduce into the consumption of special foods. The problem remains the practical lack of affordable, easy-to-use foods on the market that take into account the needs of patients due to metabolic disorders. The products presented on the domestic market do not always promote bioconversion and assimilation of physiologically functional ingredients, are available in a limited range and do not take into account all the specific needs of human metabolism.
Approaches to nutrition of people with certain diseases of alimentary character are analyzed. The mechanism of action on the human body of food products with physiologically functional ingredients in the form of encapsulated rutin emulsions, which can be used as components of special products for nutrition of people with certain diseases, is shown. It is also important to use inexpensive domestic raw materials, which will provide products with social and economic effects. Promising for use as a physiologically active component is rutin, which can be introduced into food as an encapsulated emulsion. The benefits of such products on the human body and the possibility of expanding the range of special purpose food are shown. It is important to use routine for nutritional support of people when creating special food based on encapsulated emulsions. Using for food such emulsions for introduction into the diets of people with non-communicable diseases are proposed
Virtual Game Jam: Collaborative Pathway to Serious Games for Health
Authors: Matthews Sarah , Thomas Rick 
Published: March 2022

Game jams are collaborative competitions where participants make games from scratch within a short period of time. Occasionally, these games aim to promote meaningful learning outcomes by embedding functional knowledge into entertaining and engaging gameplay. We wanted to understand if a game jam during a global pandemic could be used as an effective method to facilitate a collaborative, multidisciplinary team’s ability to design, develop, and implement a serious game on a health-related topic (i.e., COVID-19). We examined the 2020 game jam hosted by the National Academy of Sciences to evaluate one method to organize a serious virtual game jam and provide a roadmap for implementation using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to evaluate its efficacy. In addition to identifying best practices and lessons learned from our tools and processes, our results demonstrate that a virtual game jam can in fact be a powerful tool for creating a scientifically sound, population-level, big picture–thinking serious game used for health education, facilitate collaborative multidisciplinary teams and be a practical learning experience for game jammers.
Bunium incrassatum Bois. Batt. Trab. (Talghouda) in the improvement of thyroid tissue damages in female rats
Authors: Aiouaz Meriem , Bitam Arezki 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the nutritional and therapeutic effects of dried Bunium incrassatum Bois.Batt.Trab. Tubers powder on rats with hyper and hypothyroidism. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. G1 (C) received a normal diet. G2 (CT) received a normal diet with dried Talghouda tubers powder dissolved in water. G3 (Hpo) was treated with Carbimazole® (5 mg/day) for 6 weeks. G4 (HpoT) was treated with Carbimazole® (5 mg/day) for 6 weeks and Talghouda for 7 weeks after induced hypothyroidism. G5 (Hpy) was treated with Levothyroxine® (600µg/Kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks. G6 (HpyT) had hyperthyroidism induced by Levothyroxine® (600µg/Kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks and then treated with Talghouda for 7 weeks. A dose of Talghouda was chosen at 1.03g/Kg body weight/day, and all treatments were given by gavage. Phytochemical analysis was carried out for Talghouda, and the thyroid glands of each group were then recovered for histological study. Talghouda treatment showed a highly significant (p 0.01) increase in body weight in groups G2, G4 and G6 with gland repair and reactivation of thyroid follicles in hyper and hypothyroid rats compared to G1, G3 and G5. The powder of dried Talghouda tubers, used as traditional medicine in Algeria, improved the damages caused by hyper and hypothyroidism.
Offline Signature Biometric Verification with Length Normalization using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Alkattan Zahraa Mazin , Aldabagh Ghada Mohammad Tahir 
Published: March 2022

Offline handwritten signature is a type of behavioral biometric-based on an image. Its problem is the accuracy of the verification because once an individual signs, he/she seldom signs the same signature. This is referred to as intra-user variability. This research aims to improve the recognition accuracy of the offline signature. The proposed method is presented by using both signature length normalization and histogram orientation gradient (HOG) for the reason of accuracy improving. In terms of verification, a deep-learning technique using a convolution neural network (CNN) is exploited for building the reference model for a future prediction. Experiments are conducted by utilizing 4,000 genuine as well as 2,000 skilled forged signature samples collected from 200 individuals. This database is publicly distributed under the name of SIGMA for Malaysian individuals. The experimental results are reported as both error forms, namely False Accept Rate (FAR) and False Reject Rate (FRR), which achieved up to 4.15% and 1.65% respectively. The overall successful accuracy is up to 97.1%. A comparison is also made that the proposed methodology outperforms the state-of-the-art works that are using the same SIGMA database.
Human Face Recognition Based on Local Ternary Pattern and Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Razzaq Ali Nadhim , Ghazali Rozaida , El Abbadi Nidhal Khdhair , Al Naffakh Hussein Ali Hussein 
Published: March 2022

There is various human biometrics used nowadays, one of the most important of these biometrics is the face. Many techniques have been suggested for face recognition, but they still face a variety of challenges for recognizing faces in images captured in the uncontrolled environment, and for real-life applications. Some of these challenges are pose variation, occlusion, facial expression, illumination, bad lighting, and image quality. New techniques are updating continuously. In this paper, the singular value decomposition is used to extract the features matrix for face recognition and classification. The input color image is converted into a grayscale image and then transformed into a local ternary pattern before splitting the image into the main sixteen blocks. Each block of these sixteen blocks is divided into more to thirty sub-blocks. For each sub-block, the SVD transformation is applied, and the norm of the diagonal matrix is calculated, which is used to create the 16x30 feature matrix. The sub-blocks of two images, (thirty elements in the main block) are compared with others using the Euclidean distance. The minimum value for each main block is selected to be one feature input to the neural network. Classification is implemented by a backpropagation neural network, where a 16-feature matrix is used as input to the neural network. The performance of the current proposal was up to 97% when using the FEI (Brazilian) database. Moreover, the performance of this study is promised when compared with recent state-of-the-art approaches and it solves some of the challenges such as illumination and facial expression.
Evaluation of atmospheric cold plasma technique activity on phenylpropanoids gene expression and essential oil contents and different traits of Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: Jasim Shaimaa Fakhri , Abdulbaqi Nemat   J. , Al-zubaidi Labeeb Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

The current study was conducted for studying the impact of cold plasma on the expression level of three genes that participate in the biosynthesis of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Ocimum basilicum. These studied genes were cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4cl), and eugenol O-methyl transferase (eomt). Also, the cold plasma impact was studied on the essential oil components and their relation with the gene expression level. The results demonstrated that cold plasma seeds germination of the treated groups 2 (initially for 3 minutes and 3 minutes after 7 days) ,and group 3(initially for 5 minutes and 3 minutes after 7 days) were faster than the control group. Also, the height average of the mature plants of groups 2and 3 was between (50 to73), (50 to 100) cm, respectively compared to the control group which was (40 to 70cm). Moreover, the results indicated significant differences (P-value ≤0.01) in the level of gene expression, which increased for the c4h, 4cl, and eomt genes in group 2 about (5.63 ±0.39), (3.42 ±040) ,and (5.41±0.23) folds respectively compared with untreated control. Additionally, the level of gene expression increased for the c4h, 4cl, and eomt genes in group 3 about (42.34 ±049), (4.13 ±0.38), and (6.29 ±0.71) folds compared with untreated control(1.00 ±0.00) folds.Concerning the contents of essential oil for the control group, group 2, and group 3 were 0.434%, 0.713, and 0.792% (v/w) respectively. Moreover, the general composition of the essential oil in the examined sweet basil, phenylpropanoids was the eugenol compound and its derivatives for the control group, group 2, and group 3 which were 2.76%, 8%, and 11% (v/w) respectively. We concluded that the atmospheric cold plasma has shown an effect on gene expression and essential oil content of phenylpropanoid compounds in Ocimum basilicum L. cultivated in Iraq, as the essential oil contents have important therapeutic properties.
Absorption and Fluorescence Properties of 3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione. A Covalent Fluorescence in Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Al-Aqar Roza 
Published: March 2022

In the cuurent article, the photophysical properties of 3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione were investigated. The visible absorption bands at 527, 558 and 362 nm in propylene carbonate and the compound was found to be fluorescent in solution and in the plastic film with emission wavelengths between 550- 750 nm. The Stokes Shift of P.C., acetonitrile, diethyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran THF, cyclohexane, dibutyl ether, and dichloromethane DCM are 734, 836, 668, 601, 601, 719, and 804 cm-1 in respectively. The Stokes Shift Δ was less in THF and cyclohexane, than the solvents, which indicates that the energy loss is less between the excitation and fluorescence states. The photophysical characterizations were carried out on the compound in different solvents, the compound displays 12 nm red-shift in the absorption maximum in toluene compared with in propylene carbonate P.C, which the λmax was 558 nm in P.C. The compound displays 5 and 10 red-shifts in the absorption maximum in diethyl ether and dibutyl ether respectively. The absorption band is almost insensitive to the polarity of the solvent, showing only a slight red shift from 563 nm in diethyl ether to 569 nm in cyclohexane and also red shift from 558 nm in acetonitrile to 570 nm in toluene , which appreciably red-shifted depending on the polarity of the solvent. The emission maxima of the dye slightly shift more red region, such as DCM and toluene when compared this compound in other solvents. The dye showed a slight red shift ca. 5 nm on moving from the acetonitrile to the less polar solvent, such as dichloromethane DCM.
Konteks Teguran Allah terhadap Nabi Muhammad dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Annisa Rima , Zulihafnani Zulihafnani 
Published: March 2022

Prophet Muhammad is a messenger of God who carries the trust to deliver the message and be an example for all mankind. On the other hand, in certain contexts the Prophet Muhammad also received a rebuke from Allah for the mistake of his attitude. This paper aims to explain the opinion of the commentator on the rebuke and in what context the Prophet Muhammad received a rebuke from God. This research is qualitative by examining various sources of tafsir books. The results of this study show that God's rebuke to the Prophet is intended as a teaching and refinement of the Prophet's personality. The author finds several contexts about Allah's rebuke to the Prophet Muhammad in the Qur'an, namely about the Prophet's sour-faced attitude towards Ummi Maktum, giving permission to the hypocrites not to take part in the war, performing pray for the hypocrites who died in disbelief, asking for forgiveness for the polytheists, moving the tongue during the revelation of verses, cursing the polytheists, desiring the spoils of war, making treaties with the polytheists of Mecca without accompanying them with the word ‘Insyā Allāh’ and forbidding things that are lawful by Allah. The various rebukes are recorded in the Qur'an in various contexts, and this proves that the Qur'an is not the work of the Prophet, but he is the recipient of revelation from God and shows that the Prophet Muhammad was a weak creature before God. Nabi Muhammad merupakan salah seorang utusan Allah yang mengemban amanah untuk menyampaikan risalah serta menjadi contoh teladan bagi seluruh umat manusia. Di sisi lain, pada konteks tertentu Nabi Muhammad juga mendapat teguran dari Allah atas kekeliruan sikap yang dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pendapat mufasir terhadap teguran tersebut dan dalam konteks apa saja Nabi Muhammad mendapat teguran dari Allah. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber dari kitab tafsir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teguran Allah terhadap Nabi dimaksudkan sebagai pengajaran dan penyempurnaan kepribadiannya. Beberapa konteks teguran Allah terhadap Nabi Muhammad dalam al-Qur’an adalah sikap Nabi yang bermuka masam terhadap Ummi Maktum, memberi izin kepada orang-orang munafik untuk tidak ikut berperang, melakukan salat terhadap munafik yang mati dalam keadaan kafir, meminta ampunan bagi orang-orang musyrik, menggerakkan lisan ketika turun wahyu, melaknat orang-orang musyrik, menghendaki harta rampasan perang, membuat perjanjian dengan orang-orang musyrik Mekah tanpa mengiringi dengan kata ‘Insyā Allāh’ dan mengharamkan hal yang dihalalkan oleh Allah. Berbagai teguran tersebut terekam dalam al-Qur’an dalam berbagai konteks, dan ini membuktikan bahwa al-Qur’an bukanlah hasil karya Nabi Saw., tetapi ia adalah penerima wahyu dari Allah serta menunjukkan bahwa Nabi Muhammad merupakan makhluk yang lemah di hadapan Tuhan-Nya.
Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Takdir dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa 
Published: March 2022

Muslims throughout history have been divided into three groups in the understanding of fate: groups that are excessive, groups that deny, and groups that are moderate. In strengthening the argument in the debate, each group uses the verses of the Qur'an incompletely. Resulting in contradiction of verses. This is the problem that the author raises in this study, by reviewing three books of Tafsir. The methods used are mauḍhūʻi and muqarān methods, with the type of qualitative research of literary objects. The research aims to determine the interpretation of the verses of fate in the Qur’an according to Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’an, and al-Miṣbāḥ. According to Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, fate is an absolute provision that has been written in Lauḥ Mahfūz, whether in the form of good or bad. But with the perseverance of worship, the provisions or fate in Lauh Mahfuz can be changed. According to the fī Ẓilāl of the Qur’an, human fate is supernatural therefore man must strive in all his deeds even if the end result is determined by Allah. According to Tafsīr al-Miṣbāḥ, human beings are in the fate of Allah which have certain dimensions. So that God commands human beings to choose based on the potential of the intellect that has been bestowed by Him. The author understands that fate is everything that has been written in Lauḥ Mahfūz. But this does not mean that human beings should ignore the ability of the intellect that has been bestowed by God. Umat Islam dalam sepanjang sejarah terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok dalam memahami takdir: kelompok yang berlebihan, kelompok yang mengingkari, dan kelompok yang bersikap pertengahan terhadap takdir. Untuk menguatkan argumen dalam berdebat, masing-masing menggunakan dalil al-Qur’an secara tidak utuh. Sehingga ayat-ayat tersebut terlihat seakan-akan bertentangan. Permasalahan inilah yang penulis angkat di dalam penelitian ini, dengan mengkaji dari tiga kitab Tafsir. Metode digunakan adalah metode mauḍhūʻi dan muqarān, dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif objek kepustakaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penafsiran ayat-ayat takdir di dalam al-Qur’an menurut Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, fī Ẓilāl Al-Qur’an, dan al-Miṣbāḥ. Menurut Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī, takdir adalah ketentuan mutlak yang telah tertulis di Lauḥ Mahfūz, baik berupa kebaikan atau keburukan. Namun dengan ketekunan beribadah ketentuan atau takdir di Lauh Mahfuz dapat saja berubah. Menurut fī Ẓilāl Al-Qur’an, takdir manusia bersifat ghaib karena itu manusia harus berusaha dalam segala perbuatannya meskipun hasil akhir ditentukan oleh Allah. Menurut Tafsīr al-Miṣbāḥ, manusia berada dalam takdir-takdir Allah yang memiliki ukuran-ukuran tertentu. Sehingga Allah menyuruh kepada manusia untuk memilih berdasarkan potensi akal yang telah di anugerahkan-Nya. Penulis memahami bahwa, takdir adalah segala sesuatu yang telah tertulis di Lauḥ Mahfūz. Namun bukan berarti manusia harus mengabaikan kemampuan akal yang telah dianugerahkan oleh Allah.