bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing flood hazard evaluated in Turkey using nonstationary models
Authors: Tosunoglu Fatih , Slater Louise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn assessment of changing flood hazard in the river basins of Turkey is currently lacking. This study evaluates the drivers of flood flows using distributional regression models. The generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS), a flexible framework well‐suited to probabilistic nonstationary modeling, is applied to annual instantaneous maximum flows (AIMF) from 12 gauging stations located in the upper, middle and lower parts of the Euphrates basin, the most important river basin in the Middle East. First, the Pettitt test was used to detect abrupt changes in the AIMF data series, and the Mann–Kendall test to evaluate temporal trends. Significant change points for two stations and significant decreasing temporal changes for seven stations were observed. Three strictly positive, continuous distributions (namely, Gamma, Lognormal, and Weibull) were then fitted to the AIMF data series and the distribution parameters were specified as functions of both time and physically based covariates (precipitation, temperature, and climate oscillation indices). Among the candidate distributions, the Lognormal was found to be the most appropriate for describing flood flows across the basin. Annual precipitation, seasonal temperature and annual oscillation indices were the most relevant covariates. Among the climate indices, the East Atlantic Oscillation was most relevant in the lower part of the basin, the Southern and North Atlantic Oscillations in the middle, and the East Atlantic‐West Russia pattern in the upper part. The models were then employed to estimate and compare historical stationary flood quantiles with nonstationary quantiles (identified with physically based covariates) under various return periods (10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 years). Results indicate that flood processes can be better described by employing distributional regression models with physical covariates and this study can serve as a reference for regional water resources management in the basin and possibly for other river basins.
A Microporous Potassium‐Organic Framework for Efficient C2H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Guan Haiyan , Zou Shuixiang , Ji Zhenyu , Li Hengbo , Chen Cheng , Wu Mingyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA novel potassium‐based metal organic framework (TCBPA‐K) was prepared by using a C3‐symmetric organic building block tris(4′‐carboxybiphenyl)amine (TCBPA). The compound has a rectangular like channel along the b axis and exhibits good selective adsorption performance. The single component gas adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption capacity of C2H2 is much higher than that of CO2 at 298 K and 1 bar. The isosteric adsorption enthalpies of TCBPA‐K for C2H2 and CO2 are 30.6 kJ/mol and 9.1 kJ/mol respectively. Ideal adsorbed solution theory calculation recorded the separation selectivity of C2H2/CO2 (50/50, v/v) as 3.5.
Microwave‐Accelerated Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Alkanes under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Zhongyi , Xiong Chunxia , Sun Peipei , Zhou Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith simple alkanes as the alkyl radical precursors under microwave irradiation, a convenient and efficient cross‐dehydrogenative alkylation reaction of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other N‐heteroarenes has been achieved. The protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high atom economy and high efficiency, providing a wide range of valuable, structurally diverse C3 alkylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other alkylated N‐heteroarenes in good‐to‐excellent yields.
The Sonogashira Carbonylation Reaction between Aromatic Bromide and Alkyne with N‐Formylsaccharin as a CO Source
Authors: Tan Yan , Lang Jia‐Jia , Chen Li‐Mei , Tang Mei‐Lun , Yu Zhi‐Xing , Mi Peng‐Bing , Zheng Xing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reaction of aromatic bromide with terminal alkynes has been developed with N‐formylsaccharin as a CO source. The reaction, which has certain advantages in cost and safety of raw materials, is carried out in a simple and safe one‐pot method. A variety of alkynones with good functional group compatibility can be obtained in medium to high yields.
Evolution Process of Humins Derived from Glucose
Authors: Shan Haozhe , Li Lei , Bai Wei , Liu Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe evolution process of humins derived from glucose was studied dynamically from the feedstock, the intermediates in solution, till humins solid formed. The key intermediates resulting in the formation of humins were identified, unveiling two elementary reactions including etherification of dehydrated glucose and electrophilic substitution of furfuryl alcohol (FAL). The characteristic IR peaks at 1583 and 1616 cm−1 could be attributed to the C=C conjugated with C=C and the C=C conjugated with C=O, respectively, whereas the shift from 1583 to 1616 cm−1 could be promoted by O2 or adding kojic acid. Unexpectedly, the participations of HMF and small aliphatic acids were excluded. Herein, through characterizations such as HPLC‐MS/MS, IR and SEM, the structural models of glucose‐derived humins at different temperatures and a successive growth diagram were proposed.
Topology Optimized Prelithiated SiO Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chung Dong Jae , Youn Donghan , Kim Ji Young , Jeong Won Joon , Kim Soohwan , Ma Donghyeok , Lee Tae Rim , Kim Seung Tae , Kim Hansu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSilicon monoxide (SiO)‐based materials have great potential as high‐capacity anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, they suffer from a low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cycle stability, which prevent their successful implementation into commercial lithium‐ion batteries. Despite considerable efforts in recent decades, their low ICE and poor cycle stability cannot be resolved at the same time. Here, it is demonstrated that the topological optimization of the prelithiated SiO materials is highly effective in improving both ICE and capacity retention. Laser‐assisted atom probe tomography combined with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry reveals that two exothermic reactions related to microstructural evolution are key in optimizing the domain size of the Si active phase and Li2SiO3 buffer phase, and their topological arrangements in prelithiated SiO materials. The optimized prelithiated SiO, heat‐treated at 650 °C, shows higher capacity retention of 73.4% and lower thickness changes of 68% after 300 cycles than those treated at other temperatures, with high ICE of ≈90% and reversible capacity of 1164 mAh g−1. Such excellent electrochemical properties of the prelithiated SiO electrode originate from its optimized topological arrangement of active Si phase and Li2SiO3 inactive buffer phase.
Hierarchically Ordered Nanoporous Carbon with Exclusively Surface‐Anchored Cobalt as Efficient Electrocatalyst
Authors: Tang Chaoyun , Ramírez‐Hernández Maricely , Thomas Belvin , Yeh Yao‐Wen , Batson Philip E. , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA hierarchically ordered porous carbon electrocatalyst with exclusively surface‐anchored cobalt species, dubbed Co@HOPC, is synthesized from polyaniline and cobalt‐functionalized silica microparticles templates, and its high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. The material requires a small potential (320 mV) to drive the reaction with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 31.2 mV dec−1. Moreover, Co@HOPC shows better catalytic activity for OER than in situ cobalt‐doped and surface cobalt‐loaded hierarchically ordered porous carbon materials synthesized by traditional methods. This is due to the abundant surface cobalt species present in Co@HOPC and the material's good electrical conductivity. This work provides a new strategy to utilize functionalized silica microparticles as templates to synthesize hierarchically ordered porous carbon materials with metal‐rich surfaces and efficient electrocatalytic activities.
Parametric analysis on seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame‐shear wall structures with different setback configurations
Authors: Huang Youlu , He Liusheng , Huang Weiyuan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryHigh‐rise buildings with vertical setbacks are more prone to damage in the event of strong earthquakes. This paper presents an extensive parametric study on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame‐shear wall structures with different setback configurations. Five groups of RC frame‐shear structures with 30 setback configurations were designed. Before conducting extensive non‐linear time history structural analysis, modeling of main lateral force resisting systems including RC column and shear wall was validated using previous test results. By parametric analysis on both horizontal setback ratio and vertical setback ratio, the influences of setback on structural seismic performance in terms of dynamic property, inter‐story drift ratio, acceleration, energy dissipation, and damage condition were comparatively investigated. The overall conclusion is that setbacks caused more than 50% reduction of floor area or positioned at the middle and lower height should be avoided.
Soil water potential: A historical perspective and recent breakthroughs
Authors: Luo Shengmin , Lu Ning , Zhang Chao , Likos William 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil water potential is a cornerstone in defining the thermodynamic state of soil water required to quantify phenomena such as water phase change, water movement, heat transfer, electric current, chemical transport, and mechanical stress and deformation in the earth's shallow subsurface environment. This potential has historically been conceptualized as free energy stored in a until volume of soil water. Though the concept of soil water potential has been evolving over the past 120 yr, a consensual definition is still lacking, and answers to some fundamental questions remain controversial and elusive. What are the origins and mechanisms for the free energy of soil water? Can the common mathematical expression of soil water potential as superposition of gravitational, osmotic, and matric potentials be used to define water phase transitions in soil? Are these major components of soil water potential independent or coupled? Is pore water pressure always tensile under unsaturated conditions? If so, how can soil water density be as high as 1.7 g cm−3? How do adsorptive soil–water interactions originating from the electromagnetic field around and within soil particles transfer to mechanical pore pressure? In this review, the authors (a) provide critical analysis of historical definitions of soil water potential to identify their strengths, limitations, and flaws; (b) synthesize the origins of electromagnetic energies in soil to clarify the fundamental differences between adsorptive and capillary soil water potential mechanisms; (c) introduce a recently emerging concept of soil matric potential that unifies contributions of adsorption and capillarity to soil water potential; and (d) illustrate the generality and promise of the unified definition of soil water potential for answering some of the fundamental questions that remain elusive to the hydrology, geoengineering, and geoscience communities.
Probing the overarching continuum theory: data-driven phenotypic clustering of children with ASD or ADHD
Authors: Deserno M. K. , Bathelt J. , Groenman A. P. , Geurts H. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe clinical validity of the distinction between ADHD and ASD is a longstanding discussion. Recent advances in the realm of data-driven analytic techniques now enable us to formally investigate theories aiming to explain the frequent co-occurrence of these neurodevelopmental conditions. In this study, we probe different theoretical positions by means of a pre-registered integrative approach of novel classification, subgrouping, and taxometric techniques in a representative sample (N = 434), and replicate the results in an independent sample (N = 219) of children (ADHD, ASD, and typically developing) aged 7–14 years. First, Random Forest Classification could predict diagnostic groups based on questionnaire data with limited accuracy—suggesting some remaining overlap in behavioral symptoms between them. Second, community detection identified four distinct groups, but none of them showed a symptom profile clearly related to either ADHD or ASD in neither the original sample nor the replication sample. Third, taxometric analyses showed evidence for a categorical distinction between ASD and typically developing children, a dimensional characterization of the difference between ADHD and typically developing children, and mixed results for the distinction between the diagnostic groups. We present a novel framework of cutting-edge statistical techniques which represent recent advances in both the models and the data used for research in psychiatric nosology. Our results suggest that ASD and ADHD cannot be unambiguously characterized as either two separate clinical entities or opposite ends of a spectrum, and highlight the need to study ADHD and ASD traits in tandem.
An Eocene Greenhouse Forested India: Were Biotic Radiations Triggered by Early Palaeogene Thermal Events?
Authors: Sahni A. , Patnaik R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During the last two decades, work carried out in the Eocene lignite sequences of Rajasthan and Gujarat has thrown considerable light on the terrestrial biotas during the drift of India and radically changed concepts regarding how the Indian plate was populated, the issues of cosmopolitanism and endemism, and the nature of the mixed sal-dominated forested community that supported a diverse mammalian fauna. While Madagascar and Australia, India’s erstwhile Gondwanan neighbours, supported highly endemic faunas, the biota of India shows strong affinities with Africa, Madagascar, Europe, and North America.
Crustal Mapping of Northern Extremity of Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) by High Resolution Gravity Survey in Haryana, India
Authors: Singh Kunal Kishore , Ranjan Sunny Kumar , Biswas Santu , Mandal Bikalpa Chandra , Bagchi Joyesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Gravity data at a grid spacing of 2.5 sq. km., acquired by Geological Survey of India (GSI), have been analysed to discern the subsurface disposition of northern extremity of the Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB). Geologically, the area has sparse exposure of the Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt and is predominantly covered by alluvium of Quaternary age. Apart from Bouguer gravity anomaly (BGA) map, residual gravity map, regional gravity map, radially averaged power spectrum (RAPS) and 3D Euler deconvolution maps have been prepared for better insights of the subsurface. Two 2D subsurface gravity models describe possible upwarpment of crustal and mantle materials for gravity high in southwest part of the study area. The significant change in trend of gravity contour pattern from NE-SW to NW-SE near Rohtak and further north is closely parallel to the trends of ADFB and Delhi Sargodha Subsurface ridge respectively. This deflection of the ADFB may probably be caused by rotation related to collision of plates. Earthquake data from International Seismological Centre (ISC), since the year 2000, has been used in the study. The earthquake data shows cluster of shallow focus earthquakes (from 2 to 39 km) with low magnitudes (from ML 1.8 to 5) in the study area near Rohtak. The presence of subsurface disturbance north of Rohtak is well supported by cluster of 3D Euler solutions and distribution of seismicity in that region. The multimodal distribution of the earthquake hypocentres is correlating well with the 2D gravity model along the Bhiwani to Panipat section.
Magma Mixing and Mingling during Pluton Formation: A Case Study through Field, Petrography and Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) Studies on Sirsilla Granite Pluton, India
Authors: Ashok Ch. , Santhosh G.H.N.V. , Ratnakar J. , Dash Sarbajit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Field, petrography, and crystal size distributions (CSD) of different lithological variants from Sirsilla granitic pluton (SGP), southern India, is described here to understand operative magmatic processes. The SGP contains many mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and syn-plutonic dykes. The contact relationship between MMEs and the host granite is often diffusive or gradational and rarely sharp, implying disaggregation and under-cooling of MMEs. Petrographic features like resorption textures, quartz ocelli, and the poikilitic nature of the large K-feldspar grains enclosed within plagioclase indicate interaction and magma mixing/mingling processes in an open magma chamber. Bladed biotite and acicular apatite grains in MMEs are due to rapid crystallization during the magma mingling process. The CSD curves generated for plagioclase provide an inverse relationship between population density and crystal size. Multiple crystal populations, i.e., a gently sloping line for the core samples and a steeply sloping line for margin samples, are interpreted to be caused by the mafic - felsic magma mixing and mingling processes.
Oxygen Isotopic Studies of a Species of Pitar (Hyphantosoma) from Quilon Formation, Kerala, Southwest India: Inferences on Seasonality during the Miocene (late Burdigalian)
Authors: Prasanna K. , Kapur Vivesh V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The carbonaceous shale of the Miocene (late Burdigalian) Quilon Formation (Kerala Basin, southwest India) were collected and processed to retrieve the microfaunal component. In the present study, the oxygen isotope analysis of the growth bands of the recovered bivalves Pitar (Hyphantosoma) simonnei and Ostrea sp. (both retrieved from the Quilon Formation) is emphasized to help reconstruct the palaeomonsoonal seasonality. The oxygen-isotope record for the specimens of P.(Hyphantosoma) simonnei and Ostrea sp. exhibits regular, high amplitude δ18O cycles caused by the yearly seasonal temperature and monsoonal variations. Based on the number of δ18O cycles,P. (Hyphantosoma) simonnei and Ostrea sp. have been considered to be approximately 2- and 4-year-old, respectively, at the time of deposition. The calculated palaeo- seawater δ18O values between -0.6 to -1.1‰ [for P. (Hyphantosoma) simonnei] allow us to distinguish between the wet and dry seasons. In addition, the two-component mixing model is suggestive of seasonal freshwater discharge of ~70-80% during wet season and ~20-40% during the dry season into the depositional system. This reconstructed palaeo-seasonality clearly indicates presence of monsoon system in the south west of India during the Miocene (late Burdigalian).
Veronese and Segre morphisms between non-commutative projective spaces
Authors: Arici Francesca , Galuppi Francesco , Gateva-Ivanova Tatiana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study Veronese and Segre morphisms between non-commutative projective spaces. We compute finite reduced Gröbner bases for their kernels, and compare them with their analogues in the commutative case.
Semi-supervised Mode Classification of Inter-city Trips from Cellular Network Data
Authors: Breyer Nils , Rydergren Clas , Gundlegård David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGood knowledge of travel patterns is essential in transportation planning. Cellular network data as a large-scale passive data source provides billions of daily location updates allowing us to observe human mobility with all travel modes. However, many transport planning applications require an understanding of travel patterns separated by travel mode, requiring the classification of trips by travel mode. Most previous studies have used rule-based or geometric classification, which often fails when the routes for different modes are similar or supervised classification, requiring labelled training trips. Sufficient amounts of labelled training trips are unfortunately often unavailable in practice. We propose semi-supervised classification as a novel approach of classifying large sets of trips extracted from cellular network data in inter-city origin–destination pairs as either using road or rail. Our methods require no labelled trips which is an important advantage as labeled data is often not available in practice. We propose three methods which first label a small share of trips using geometric classification. We then use structures in a large set of unlabelled trips using a supervised classification method (geometric-labelling), iterative semi-supervised training (self-labelling) and by transferring information between origin–destination pairs (continuity-labelling). We apply the semi-supervised classification methods on a dataset of 9545 unlabelled trips in two inter-city origin–destination pairs. We find that the methods can identify structures in the cells used during trips in the unlabelled data corresponding to the available route alternatives. We validate the classification methods using a dataset of 255 manually labelled trips in the two origin–destination pairs. While geometric classification misclassifies 4.2% and 5.6% of the trips in the two origin–destination pairs, all trips can be classified correctly using semi-supervised classification.
Runtime Analysis of the $$(\mu + 1)$$-EA on the Dynamic BinVal Function
Authors: Lengler Johannes , Riedi Simone 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study evolutionary algorithms in a dynamic setting, where for each generation a different fitness function is chosen, and selection is performed with respect to the current fitness function. Specifically, we consider Dynamic BinVal, in which the fitness functions for each generation is given by the linear function BinVal, but in each generation the order of bits is randomly permuted. For the $$(1 + 1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

-EA it was known that there is an efficiency threshold $$c_0$$

c
0

for the mutation parameter, at which the runtime switches from quasilinear to exponential. Previous empirical evidence suggested that for larger population size $$\mu$$
μ
, the threshold may increase. We prove that this is at least the case in an $$\varepsilon$$
ε
-neighborhood around the optimum: the threshold of the $$(\mu + 1)$$

(
μ
+
1
)

-EA becomes arbitrarily large if the $$\mu$$
μ
is chosen large enough. However, the most surprising result is obtained by a second-order analysis for $$\mu =2$$

μ
=
2

: the threshold increases with increasing proximity to the optimum. In particular, the hardest region for optimization is not around the optimum.
“Right to Silence”: A Commentary on Misinterpretation and Violation by the Indian Judiciary
Authors: Jain Sushil Kumar , Jain Sujay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Indian Constitution, being the lengthiest constitution in the world, seeks to accord the “right to silence” the status of a fundamental right, a particularly high threshold from which little to no derogation is permissible. This constitutional guarantee has also been given a statutory backing, wherein the silence of an accused cannot be used to draw an adverse inference against him. As a country which hails itself as a champion of personal liberty, it is disheartening to see that the reality of the situation is disappointing. The draconian pre-Constitution jurisprudence is still followed by most judgements, and often the silence of an accused is used as a “missing link” on the part of the prosecution to establish an accused’s guilt. This occurs either due to the correct provisions not being brought before the notice of the courts, or due to the courts adjudicating in derogation of statutory provisions and settled case laws. In this paper, the authors seek to establish the correct position of the law by taking into account its evolution in Indian and other jurisdictions, and then establish how India continues to fail to give effect to this right, by empirically analysing several judgements of the Supreme Court of India.