bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain tumor image generation using an aggregation of GAN models with style transfer
Authors: Mukherkjee Debadyuti , Saha Pritam , Kaplun Dmitry , Sinitca Aleksandr , Sarkar Ram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the recent past, deep learning-based models have achieved tremendous success in computer vision-related tasks with the help of large-scale annotated datasets. An interesting application of deep learning is synthetic data generation, especially in the domain of medical image analysis. The need for such a task arises due to the scarcity of original data. Class imbalance is another reason for applying data augmentation techniques. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are beneficial for synthetic image generation in various fields. However, stand-alone GANs may only fetch the localized features in the latent representation of an image, whereas combining different GANs might understand the distributed features. To this end, we have proposed AGGrGAN, an aggregation of three base GAN models—two variants of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and a Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) to generate synthetic MRI scans of brain tumors. Further, we have applied the style transfer technique to enhance the image resemblance. Our proposed model efficiently overcomes the limitation of data unavailability and can understand the information variance in multiple representations of the raw images. We have conducted all the experiments on the two publicly available datasets - the brain tumor dataset and the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) 2020 dataset. Results show that the proposed model can generate fine-quality images with maximum Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) scores of 0.57 and 0.83 on the said two datasets.
Decision optimization of emergency material support based on blockchain under major public health emergencies
Authors: Wang Hanyi , Fan Chuanzhang , KunBao  
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe work intends to relieve the pressure on the urban medical system and reduce the cross-infection of personnel in major public health emergencies. On the premise of an in-depth analysis of the utility risk entropy algorithm model and prospect theory, the decision-making of major health emergencies is proposed. Firstly, the utility risk entropy algorithm model is optimized, and the main decision-making members are subjected to utility perception according to the perceived utility values of different levels of risk, and the weights of decision-making members are calculated and revised according to the results of utility clustering. Secondly, the prospect theory is optimized. Taking the zero as the reference point to calculate the prospect value, and taking the maximization of the comprehensive prospect value as the objective to optimize the model, the comprehensive prospect value of each scheme is calculated and sorted. Finally, the proposed scheme is tested, and the test results show that in the optimal decision-making time of the scheme, the optimal decision-making time is 0 every day. When the epidemic situation is in the first cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 2.69, and the reduction ratio of the optimal scheme decision-making loss is 63.96%. When the epidemic situation is in the second cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 0.65, and the reduction ratio of the optimal scheme decision-making loss is 94.44%. When the epidemic situation is in the third cycle, the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 0.22, and the reduction ratio of the decision-making loss of the optimal scheme is 89.39%. The proposed scheme can improve the processing efficiency of major health emergencies and reduce the risk of accidents.
LGR5 is a conserved marker of hair follicle stem cells in multiple species and is present early and throughout follicle morphogenesis
Authors: Polkoff Kathryn M. , Gupta Nithin K. , Green Adrian J. , Murphy Yanet , Chung Jaewook , Gleason Katherine L. , Simpson Sean G. , Walker Derek M. , Collins Bruce , Piedrahita Jorge A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHair follicle stem cells are key for driving growth and homeostasis of the hair follicle niche, have remarkable regenerative capacity throughout hair cycling, and display fate plasticity during cutaneous wound healing. Due to the need for a transgenic reporter, essentially all observations related to LGR5-expressing hair follicle stem cells have been generated using transgenic mice, which have significant differences in anatomy and physiology from the human. Using a transgenic pig model, a widely accepted model for human skin and human skin repair, we demonstrate that LGR5 is a marker of hair follicle stem cells across species in homeostasis and development. We also report the strong similarities and important differences in expression patterns, gene expression profiles, and developmental processes between species. This information is important for understanding the fundamental differences and similarities across species, and ultimately improving human hair follicle regeneration, cutaneous wound healing, and skin cancer treatment.
In vitro generation of transplantable insulin-producing cells from canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Dang Le Quynh , Rodprasert Watchareewan , Kuncorojakti Suryo , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum , Sawangmake Chenphop 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCanine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) have potential applications for regenerative therapy, including the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) for studying and treating diabetes. In this study, we established a useful protocol for generating IPCs from canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs). Subsequently, in vitro preservation of pluronic F127-coated alginate (ALGPA)-encapsulated cAD-MSC-derived IPCs was performed to verify ready-to-use IPCs. IPCs were induced from cAD-MSCs with the modulated three-stepwise protocol. The first step of definitive endoderm (DE) induction showed that the cooperation of Chir99021 and Activin A created the effective production ofSox17-expressed DE cells. The second step for pancreatic endocrine (PE) progenitor induction from DE indicated that the treatment with taurine, retinoic acid, FGF2, EGF, TGFβ inhibitor, dorsomorphin, nicotinamide, and DAPT showed the significant upregulation of the pancreatic endocrine precursor markersPdx1andNgn3. The last step of IPC production, the combination of taurine, nicotinamide, Glp-1, forskolin, PI3K inhibitor, and TGFβ inhibitor, yielded efficiently functional IPCs from PE precursors. Afterward, the maintenance of ALGPA-encapsulated cAD-MSC-derived IPCs with VSCBIC-1, a specialized medium, enhanced IPC properties. Conclusion, the modulated three-stepwise protocol generates the functional IPCs. Together, the encapsulation of cAD-MSC-derived IPCs and the cultivation with VSCBIC-1 enrich the maturation of generated IPCs.
Characterization of in vitro stability for two processive endoglucanases as exogenous fibre biocatalysts in pig nutrition
Authors: Cheng Laurence , Wang Weijun , Fan Ming Z. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of highly efficacious exogenous fibre degradation enzymes can enhance efficiency of dietary fibre utilization and sustainability of global pork production. The objectives of this study were to investigate in vitro stability for two processive endoglucanases, referred to as GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A that were overexpressed in CLEARCOLIBL21(DE3). Three-dimensional models predicted presence of Cys residues on the catalytic site surfaces of GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A; and time course experimental results shown that both cellulases were susceptible to auto-oxidation by airborne O2and were unstable. Furthermore, we examined these endoglucanases’ stability under the mimicked in vitro porcine gastric and the small intestinal pH and proteases’ conditions. Eadie-Hofstee inhibition kinetic analyses showed that GH5-tCel5A1 and GH5-p4818Cel5_2A respectively lost 18 and 68% of their initial activities after 2-h incubations under the gastric conditions and then lost more than 90% of their initial activities after 2–3 h of incubations under the small intestinal conditions. Therefore, further enzyme protein engineering to improve resistance and alternatively post-fermentation enzyme processing such as coating to bypass the gastric-small intestinal environment will be required to enable these two processive endoglucanases as efficacious exogenous fibre enzymes in pig nutrition application.
Lifelong changes of neurotransmitter receptor expression and debilitation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity following early postnatal blindness
Authors: Hagena Hardy , Feldmann Mirko , Manahan-Vaughan Denise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the weeks immediately after onset of sensory loss, extensive reorganization of both the cortex and hippocampus occurs. Two fundamental characteristics comprise widespread changes in the relative expression of GABA and glutamate receptors and debilitation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Here, we explored whether recovery from adaptive changes in the expression of plasticity-related neurotransmitter receptors and hippocampal synaptic plasticity occurs in the time-period of up to 12 months after onset of sensory loss. We compared receptor expression in CBA/J mice that develop hereditary blindness, with CBA/CaOlaHsd mice that have intact vision and no deficits in other sensory modalities throughout adulthood. GluN1-subunit expression was reduced and the GluN2A:GluN2B ratio was persistently altered in cortex and hippocampus. GABA-receptor expression was decreased and metabotropic glutamate receptor expression was altered. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was persistently compromised in vivo. But although LTP in blind mice was chronically impaired throughout adulthood, a recovery of the early phase of LTP became apparent when the animals reached 12 months of age. These data show that cortical and hippocampal adaptation to early postnatal blindness progresses into advanced adulthood and is a process that compromises hippocampal function. A partial recovery of hippocampal synaptic plasticity emerges in advanced adulthood, however.
Early anatomical changes and association with photodynamic therapy induced acute exudative maculopathy in patients with macular diseases
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Kohno Takeya , Yamamoto Manabu , Hirayama Kumiko , Kyo Akika , Hirabayashi Michiko , Honda Shigeru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence rate and predictors of photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM). This retrospective study included 39 eyes of 39 patients (32 males and 7 females), who were treated with initial PDT. PAEM was defined as an increase in central retinal thickness (CRT) of 15% or more measured by OCT on day 3 after PDT compared with baseline. Sixteen of 39 eyes (41%) were classified in the PAEM+ group. CRT and central choroidal thickness (CCT) were significantly increased at 3 days in the PAEM+ group and significantly decreased at 1 month after PDT in the PAEM- group. In a multiple comparison, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) had a significantly higher incidence of PAEM compared to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The incidence of PAEM was lower in PCV and CSC, and higher in nAMD. BCVA at 1 month was significantly worse in the PAEM group, which may be related to visual prognosis after PDT. Since both CRT and CCT decrease at 1 month, the detection of PAEM needs to be assessed a few days after PDT.
Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Pujar Madhu , Vastrad Basavaraj , Kavatagimath Satish , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kotturshetti Shivakumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. This investigation aimed to elucidate essential candidate genes and pathways in T1DM by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using DESeq2 of R package from GSE162689 of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis, and construction and analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, and validation of hub genes were performed. A total of 952 DEGs (477 up regulated and 475 down regulated genes) were identified in T1DM. GO and REACTOME enrichment result results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in multicellular organism development, detection of stimulus, diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers, and olfactory signaling pathway. The top hub genes such as MYC, EGFR, LNX1, YBX1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, FN1, TK1, ANLN and SMAD9 were screened out as the critical genes among the DEGs from the PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that these genes were significantly associated with T1DM. In conclusion, the identified DEGs, particularly the hub genes, strengthen the understanding of the advancement and progression of T1DM, and certain genes might be used as candidate target molecules to diagnose, monitor and treat T1DM.
Theta but not beta activity is modulated by freedom of choice during action selection
Authors: Pierrieau Emeline , Kessouri Sarah , Lepage Jean-François , Bernier Pierre-Michel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge-scale neurophysiological markers of action competition have been almost exclusively investigated in the context of instructed choices, hence it remains unclear whether these markers also apply to free choices. This study aimed to compare the specific brain dynamics underlying instructed and free decisions. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while 31 participants performed a target selection task; the choice relied either on stimulus–response mappings (instructed) or on participants’ preferences (free). Choice difficulty was increased by introducing distractors in the informative stimulus in instructed choices, and by presenting targets with similar motor costs in free choices. Results revealed that increased decision difficulty was associated with higher reaction times (RTs) in instructed choices and greater choice uncertainty in free choices. Midfrontal EEG theta (4–8 Hz) power increased with difficulty in instructed choices, but not in free choices. Although sensorimotor beta (15–30 Hz) power was correlated with RTs, it was not significantly influenced by choice context or difficulty. These results suggest that midfrontal theta power may specifically increase with difficulty in externally-driven choices, whereas sensorimotor beta power may be predictive of RTs in both externally- and internally-driven choices.
Plasma taurine is an axonal excitability-translatable biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Nakazato Tomoko , Kanai Kazuaki , Kataura Tetsushi , Nojiri Shuko , Hattori Nobutaka , Saiki Shinji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough various body fluid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported, no biomarkers specifically reflecting abnormalities in axonal excitability indices have currently been established. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to perform a comprehensive metabolome analysis of plasma from seven ALS patients and 20 controls, and correlation analysis with disease phenotypes was then performed in 22 other ALS patients. Additionally, electrophysiological studies of motor nerve axonal excitability were performed in all ALS patients. In the ALS and control groups, levels of various metabolites directly associated with skeletal muscle metabolism, such as those involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and the creatine pathway, were detected. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the top four metabolites (ribose-5-phosphate, N6-acetyllysine, dyphylline, 3-methoxytyrosine) showed high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = 0.971) in the ALS group compared with the control group. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that taurine levels were correlated with the strength-duration time constant, an axonal excitability indicator established to predict survival. No significant effects of diabetes mellitus and treatment (Riluzole and Edaravone) on this relationship were detected in the study. Therefore, plasma taurine is a potential novel axonal excitability-translatable biomarker for ALS.
A theoretical study on the hydrogenation of CO2to methanol catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhao Yaqi , Shi Xiaofan , Tang Yanhui , Yang Zuoyin , Pu Min , Lei Ming 
Published: June 2022

A DFT method was employed to investigate the mechanism of hydrogenation of CO2to methanol catalyzed by Ru pincer complexes. The calculated results indicate that the dominant H2 activation mode be the formate-assisted H2 activation in this reaction.
Supramolecular FeII4L4 cage for fast ammonia sensing
Authors: Li Weiyang , Sun Li , Liu Cuilian , Rotaru Aurelian , Robeyns Koen , L. Singleton Michael , Garcia Yann 
Published: June 2022

A chiral supramolecular FeII4L4 metal-organic cage able to detect NH3(g) at room temperature with fast response time and superior selectivity, which we used to monitor food safety at 4°C on fresh bacon bits.
Adaptive framework towards radar‐based diversity gesture recognition with range‐Doppler signatures
Authors: Wang Liying , Cui Zongyong , Pi Yiming , Cao Changjie , Cao Zongjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadar‐based hand gesture recognition (HGR) has attracted growing interest in human–computer interaction. A rich diversity in how people perform gestures causes a large intra‐class variance, and the sample quality varies from person to person. It makes HGR more challenging to identify dynamic, complicated, and deforming hand gestures. It is urgent for the real world to explore a robust method that better identifies the gestures from non‐specified users. To address the above issues, an adaptive framework is proposed for gesture recognition, and it has two main contributions. First of all, a trajectory range Doppler map (t‐RDM) is obtained by non‐coherent accumulating for inter‐frame dependencies, and then t‐RDM is enhanced to highlight the trajectory information. Taking into account different movement patterns of the gestures, a two‐pathway convolutional neural network targeted for raw and enhanced t‐RDMs is proposed, which independently mines discriminative information from the two t‐RDMs with different salient features. Second, an adaptive individual cost (AIC) loss is proposed, aiming to establish a powerful feature representation by adaptively extracting the commonalities in variant gestures according to the sample quality. Based on a public dataset using soli radar, the proposed method is evaluated on two tasks: cross‐person recognition and cross‐scenario recognition. These two recognition modes require that the training set and the test set are mutually exclusive not only at the sample level but also at the source level. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the existing approaches for alleviating the low recognition performance caused by gesture diversity.
A novel sparse linear array based on fourth‐order cumulants for improved direction‐of‐arrival estimation
Authors: Mei Fengtong , Wang Yinsheng , Cui WeiJia , Ba Bin , Xu Haiyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOwing to increased degrees of freedom (DOFs) and reduced mutual coupling effect, sparse linear arrays can improve the performance of direction‐of‐arrival estimation compared with uniform linear arrays. In this study, a novel sparse linear array is presented based on fourth‐order cumulants, which consists of five sparse sub‐arrays. The sensor locations of the five sub‐arrays are determined by a closed‐form expression. Closed‐form expressions of DOFs for the proposed array with any number of sensors are also derived. By optimising the allocation of sensors in each sub‐array, the DOFs of the proposed array with M sensors achieve . Because each sub‐array is sparse, the number of pairwise sensors with small separation is significantly alleviated. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed array can provide a higher number of DOFs and is more robust in scenarios with heavy levels of mutual coupling than most sparse linear arrays. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the merits of the proposed array over other sparse linear arrays.
Magnetically gated accretion model: Application to short bursts in the intermediate polar V1223 Sgr
Authors: Hameury J.-M. , Lasota J.-P. , Shaw A. W. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Some intermediate polars (IPs) show outbursts that are much shorter than those observed in normal dwarf novae, and their origin remains unclear.
Aims. We examine the case of V1223 Sgr, an intermediate polar that showed a short outburst in 1984, and compare the outburst characteristics with the predictions of the magnetospheric gating model.
Methods. We extracted outburst profiles from the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) archival data. We used our code to compute the time-dependent evolution of an accretion disc truncated by the white dwarf magnetic field, using a simple description of the interaction between the disc and the magnetic field, as in D’Angelo & Spruit (2010, MNRAS, 406, 1208).
Results. We find that V1223 Sgr underwent a series of short outbursts, with a rise lasting for typically two to three hours, and a slightly longer decay. When applied to IPs, the model by D’Angelo & Spruit (2010, MNRAS, 406, 1208) accounts well for the observed outburst duration and intensity. However, we confirm that the model outcome depends sensitively on the assumptions of the rather poorly constrained model. We also searched the AAVSO database for short outbursts in other IPs, identifying individual short outbursts in FO Aqr, TV Col, NY Lup, and EI UMa, but no series such as those observed in V1223 Sgr. We also found a superoutburst, followed by a reflare in CTCV J2056−3014.
Conclusions. Although the magnetic–gating accretion instability model is clearly responsible for the series of V1223 Sgr short outbursts and most probably for similar events in other IPs, the model describing this process needs improvement, in particular concerning the interaction between the magnetic field of the white dwarf and the accretion disc. This difficult task might benefit from further comparison of the model outcome with additional observations that show good time coverage and time resolution.