bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate unfavorable birth outcomes and determinants of operative vaginal delivery among mothers delivered in East Gojjam Zone Public Hospitals, North West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sewunet Habtamu , Abebe Nurilign , Zeleke Liknaw Bewket , Aynalem Bewket Yeserah , Alemu Addisu Alehegn 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Operative vaginal delivery is the use of forceps or vacuum devices to assist the eligible laboring mother to avoid poor birth outcomes. It is associated with increased maternal, neonatal morbidity and perinatal complications if it is not used appropriately. Instrumental delivery use needs health care providers’ skills, knowledge, and decision-making ability for good maternal outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to assess immediate unfavorable birth outcomes and associated factors of operative vaginal delivery among women delivered in East Gojjam Zone Public Hospitals, North West Ethiopia.

Method
The study design was institution based cross-sectional and consecutive sampling procedure was used to select 313 mothers in the study, from March 1, 2019, to April 30, 2019. We used Epi data version 3.1 for data entry and SPSS version 25 software for cleaning and analysis. A Bivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between each outcome variable and each factor. Again, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with each outcome variable, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were taken as significant variables.

Results
The overall unfavorable maternal outcomes of operative vaginal delivery were found to be 32.9% [95% CI: 27.8, 38.3]. No formal education (AOR = 8.36; 95% CI: 1.01, 69.2), rural residence (AOR: 11.77; 95% CI: 2.02, 68.41), male sex of the neonate (AOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.08, 7.61) and zero station during instrumental application (AOR: 6.93; 95% CI: 1.75, 27.5) were factors associated with unfavorable maternal outcomes. The study also showed that the magnitude of unfavorable neonatal outcomes was 34.8% (95% CI: 29.7, 40.3). Vaginal first-degree tear (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.951) and blood transfusion (AOR = 7.38, 95% CI: 1.18–46.15) was statistically significant factors associated with unfavorable neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion
The overall unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes of operative vaginal delivery were high compared with some other studies done in Ethiopia.
温岭方言感叹范畴的标记手段及相关问题
Authors: 马宏程  , 熊雯  , 赵佳鑫  
Published: June 2022

提要
温岭方言和普通话一样, 感叹范畴的表达有词汇、语法和语用手段, 其中语法手段是本质的和必有的。词汇手段主要是使用副词、代词和叹词作感叹标记;语法手段表现为添加语气词或零形式、重复句子和倒装语序；语用手段则是使用其他句类形式来表达感叹。温岭方言和普通话感叹范畴标记手段的主要差异表现在具体标记的形式、线性顺序等方面。从跨语言角度来看, 温岭方言、普通话与日语、韩语都属于wh-词原位语言, 感叹表达主要使用添加手段,但在有疑问代词或副词作感叹标记时表达方式则会有所不同。温岭方言中后置副词“显”作状语成分, 表达感叹范畴时有着至少三种不同于普通话语序的句式。“显”的具体表现与其句法特点、来源和演变有关.
泰國學習者之漢語 “給” 字句偏誤分析
Authors: 李郁錦  , 康茉莉  
Published: June 2022

提要本文以泰國學生學習漢語「給」字句為例, 探討學習者真實產生之偏誤; 其具體和抽象兼具的語法意義與複雜的用法, 使得「給」字句成為泰國學生學習中主要的難點之一。本文的主要分為二部分: 首先, 針對漢泰二語的「給」字句本體三層次分析及對比。其次, 為克服語料取得的困難及取得足夠的樣本, 採用兩大學習者語料庫: TOCFL 學習者語料庫及 HSK 動態作文語料庫, 從四種偏誤分別剖析。本研究運用語言對比分析法和偏誤分析法及中介語研究, 對漢泰兩種語言中「給」字句進行了多角度、多層面的探究、分析與解讀, 期能幫助教師在課堂上更加了解泰國學生可能產生的中介語現象和學習「給」字句時的需求。
Comparing motivational features between feedback givers and receivers in English speaking class
Authors: Su Wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In peer feedback literature, the topic of motivation for feedback is not sufficiently explored, and attention to motivational differences between feedback givers and receivers unbalanced. To address this gap, the present study tracked motivational changes of Chinese students performing consecutively the roles of written-feedback givers and of receivers over eight weeks in their English-speaking class. It employed motivation questionnaires and students’ personal letters to collect their perceptions of each role. The results showed that students generally displayed stronger motivation at the giver role than at the receiver role. In particular, their motivation scores of the communicativeness dimension were significantly different between the two roles because this dimension could easily stimulate their sense of fulfilment and critical thinking when giving feedback. By comparison, for the dimensions of peer accountability and class enjoyment, the students reported similarly modest levels of motivation at both roles because they deemed peer accountability and class enjoyment as sources of extrinsic stimulation and less sustainable than the communicativeness dimension.
Magnetic tuning of liquid crystal dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Izdebskaya Yana V. , Yang Ziwei , Liu Mingkai , Choi Duk-Yong , Komar Andrei , Neshev Dragomir N. , Shadrivov Ilya V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces hold an exceptional potential for the next generation of tunable optical systems that find applications in sensing, ranging, and imaging. Here, we introduce and demonstrate magnetic field tuning of dielectric metasurfaces infiltrated with liquid crystals. To illustrate this concept, we show how the reorientation of liquid crystal induced by the magnetic field changes the spectrum of the resonant dielectric metasurface. This new magnetic-field tuning approach offers significant advantages over other liquid crystal tuning methods since it does not require pre-alignment or the fabrication of structured electrodes, which are both challenging when dealing with metasurfaces. Furthermore, there are no strict limitations on the thickness of liquid crystal cells. Importantly, our approach allows for gradual tuning of the resonances by changing the magnetic-field orientation and, thereby, shows good promise for highly tunable optical metadevices.
Apples and oranges in the basket of a clinical model for exercise addiction: Rebuttal to Brevers et al. (2022)
Authors: Szabo Attila , Dinardi Jacob S , Egorov Alexei Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This note is a reply to Brevers et al.’s (2022) the commentary. We first explain that the commentary's title is in discord with the theoretical implications of the Expanded Interactional Model of Exercise Addiction (EIMEA; Dinardi et al., 2021). Subsequently, we argue that in contrast to Brevers et al.’s arguments, exercise volume or intensive physical exercise is not even mentioned in the revised EIMEA. Most importantly, we point out that the commentary's reference to assessment scales of exercise addiction is irrelevant, because the EIMEA is intended for idiographic clinical cases rather than nomothetic research. Furthermore, we discuss how the ELMEA cannot account for secondary exercise addiction and motivational incentives due to its individual-specific orientation. Finally, we conclude our reply by highlighting that Brevers et al.’s commentary seems to revolve around nomothetic research assessing a certain level of ‘risk’ of exercise addiction, while the EIMEA accounts for specific clinically dysfunctional cases presented in the limited number of case studies published in the literature.
Chronic wounds in the elderly: Decubitus, leg ulcers, and ulcers of rare aetiology
Authors: Bánvölgyi A. , Görög A. , Gadó K. , Holló P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ageing processes, primarily after the age of 60, bring about a number of important changes that affect the skin’s protective function. These changes directly and indirectly increase its vulnerability and impair its ability to heal. Hence, the incidence of chronic wounds increases in the elderly population. Dry skin, often accompanied by itching and consequent scratching, can lead to the development of wounds. The skin’s ability to regenerate itself is also impaired by the atrophy that affects all the three layers of the skin, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. The deterioration of vascularisation and innervation increases the chance of ulcer formation and impaired healing of existing wounds. Together these lead to the development of chronic lower limb ulcers in elderly patients or decubitus in older bedridden patients. Bedsores are more likely to develop in older patients with reduced body weight due to their decreased amount of adipose tissue capable of pressure-relieving. This latter negative tendency may be exacerbated by the presence of reduced mobility, impaired muscle strength, and frequent incontinence. In all respects, the propensity to heal is worse than in younger age, thus in many cases a chronic process is expected, and in some cases halting the progression may be a significant outcome. Ulcers of rare aetiology can occur at any age, so pyoderma gangrenosum, vasculitis, and other ulcers with rare aetiology in the elderly population should also be considered.
Grammaticalisation of Raħ in Dialectal Arabic: Generative Phases
Authors: Alshamari Murdhy R. , Hammouri Yazeed M. 
Published: June 2022

The lexical item raħ has undergone two phases of grammaticalisation, from a lexical item used as a lexical verb to a temporal-functional particle T-raħ, and further to a discourse-functional particle D-raħ. Syntactic diagnostics show that both T-raħ and D-raħ have developed properties of head status, adopting conventional Minimalist and Cartographic principles (Chomsky, 2000; Rizzi, 1997; Frascarelli & Hinterhölzl, 2007), where evidence is deduced from the fact that movement of a head is sensitive to intervention effects in the course of the derivation (Rizzi, 2006). The novelty about raħ is that, in its first phase of grammaticalised T-raħ, while it has lost its φ-features input, in the sense that it doesn’t spell out any agreeing suffix with the DP it marks, in its second phase of grammaticalised D-raħ, it has retained its φ-features, hence, an agreeing head. Further, this agreeing characteristic of D-raħ, with investigations of more articulated data, brings insight to the current research on discourse particles in that it goes against the widely-adopted characterization of discourse particles that postulates a non-agreeing property of discourse particles; discourse particles do not inflect for agreement. The syntactic properties shown by the grammaticalised raħ propose, on empirical groundings by movement considerations, that discourse particles externally merge in the course of the derivation, giving credence to the theory that the syntax of discourse particles has changed from Move to Merge (Hack, 2014).
Alusiones, elusiones e ilusiones de Lázaro de Tormes = Lázaro de Tormes' allusions, elusions, and illusions
Authors: García Pérez Marcos 
Published: June 2022

Desde que Claudio Guillén propuso el silencio como elemento constructivo del Lazarillo, el tema rara vez se ha recuperado, por lo que es necesario un estudio centrado en cómo la trama de la obra se orquesta en torno a lo que no se dice. Este artículo tiene por objetivo estudiar tres tipos de silencios: las alusiones, las elusiones y las ilusiones que se van encontrando a lo largo de la obra y que juegan un papel fundamental en su interpretación. Since Claudio Guillén proposed silence as a constructive element of Lazarillo, the subject has rarely recovered, so a study focused on how the plot of the work is orchestrated around what is not said is necessary. This article aims to study three types of silences: allusions, elusions and illusions that are found throughout the work and that play a fundamental role in its interpretation.
Current situation and future direction of traditional foods: A perspective review
Authors: Fibri Dwi Larasatie Nur , Ayouaz Siham , Utami Rohmah Fitri , Muhammad Dimas Rahadian Aji 
Published: June 2022

Innovation of traditional foods become a new paradigm in the food industry as an effort to prolong the shelf life of the food following the changes in the society’s life style. The innovation was also supported by the current advance study on packaging technology, microbiology, biotechnology, metabolomics, medicinal properties and health as well as computational methods. This review covers various definition of traditional foods and some terms closely related to traditional foods, including ethnicity and ethnoecology, the progress of innovation of traditional foods as well as the risk of the traditional food innovation in terms of product identity, culture and continuity. Geographical Indications (GI) as a strategy of protection and standardization of traditional food are, therefore, discussed in this review. At the end, a recommendation for the direction of traditional food in the future is given in order to create a paradigm on the future action for protecting traditional foods.
Racial Differences in Care and Outcomes After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Okewunmi Jeffrey , Mihalopoulos Meredith , Huang Hsin-Hui , Mazumdar Madhu , Galatz Leesa M. , Poeran Jashvant , Moucha Calin S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
There is a paucity of literature on racial differences across a full total joint arthroplasty (TJA) “episode of care” and beyond. Given various incentives, the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) program in the U.S. may have impacted preexisting racial differences across this care continuum. The purposes of the present study were (1) to assess trends in racial differences in care/outcome characteristics before, during, and after TJA surgery and (2) to assess if the CJR program coincided with reductions in these racial differences.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study includes data on 1,483,221 TJAs (based on Medicare claims data, 2013 to 2018). Racial differences between Black and White patients were assessed for (1) preoperative characteristics (Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index, patient sex, and age), (2) characteristics during hospitalization (length of stay, blood transfusions, and combined complications), and (3) postoperative characteristics (90 and 180-day readmission rates and institutional post-acute care). Additionally, Medicare payments for each period were assessed. Racial differences (Black versus White patients) were expressed in terms of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per year. A “difference-in-differences” analysis (comparing before and after CJR implementation, with non-CJR hospitals being used as controls) estimated the association of the CJR program with changes in racial differences.

Results:
In both 2013 and 2018, Black patients (n = 74,390; 5.0%) were more likely than White patients to have a higher Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index (score of >0) (OR = 1.32 [95% CI = 1.28 to 1.36] and OR = 1.32 [95% CI = 1.28 to 1.37]), to require more transfusions (OR = 1.55 [95% CI = 1.49 to 1.62] and OR = 1.77 [95% CI = 1.56 to 2.01]), to be discharged to institutional post-acute care (OR = 1.40 [95% CI = 1.36 to 1.44] and OR = 1.49 [95% CI = 1.43 to 1.56]), and to be readmitted within 90 days (OR = 1.38 [95% CI = 1.32 to 1.44] and OR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.13 to 1.29]) (p < 0.05 for all). Adjusted difference-in-differences analyses demonstrated that the CJR program coincided with reductions in racial differences in 90-day readmission (−1.24%; 95% CI, −2.46% to −0.03%) and 180-day readmission (−1.28%; 95% CI, −2.52% to −0.03%) (p = 0.044 for both).

Conclusions:
Racial differences persist among patients managed with TJA. The CJR program coincided with reductions in some racial differences, thus identifying bundle design as a potential novel strategy to target racial disparities.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Managing peer support workers in Swedish mental health services – a leadership perspective on implementation and sustainability
Authors: Grim Katarina , Bergmark Magnus , Argentzell Elisabeth , Rosenberg David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Even though it has been demonstrated that peer support contributes to positive outcomes for service users, organizational implementation issues remain. The aim of the current study was to examine an implementation of peer support from the perspective of managers in order to develop knowledge of factors influencing sustainability of this initiative.Eighteen managers were interviewed in connection with the introduction of peer support in sixteen mental health settings. The interviews were analyzed utilizing inductive as well as deductive approaches where, in the latter, a theoretical framework was applied to identify critical implementation components at the levels of organization, team and continuous support. The results suggested that managers were predominantly positive in their evaluation of peer support as a recovery-oriented and user-friendly addition to their services, but noted developmental issues regarding role, professional identity, supervision and financing in relation to other traditional personnel. The involvement of the user movement, especially with regard to training and supervision helped prepare staff and support peer workers, yet there was some apprehension attached to the critical scrutiny that this ‘outsider’ perspective might imply. The results confirm previously noted uncertainties regarding peer support as an integrated component of mental health systems. While offering clues as to the factors that would further define and integrate peer support, this study also highlights a number of challenges regarding role, identity and connection to the user movement, that need to be considered by managers before assuming that peer support should be implemented with the same approach as other interventions.
Mentoring as a part of Integral Training in Medicine: A pilot study involving a control group aimed at improving attitudes toward suffering and death.
Authors: Álvarez-Montero Santiago , Rodríguez-Gabriel Pilar , Abengózar-Muela Ricardo , Herranz-Sán Beatriz PhD in Biology , Herruzo-Priego Irene , León-Vázquez Fernando , Viñado-Oteo Fernando 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMedical degree students often express great satisfaction toward their mentoring experience and share the impression that it has contributed significantly to their personal and professional development. Mentoring can contribute to a more comprehensive and integral preparation of the student for professional life, promoting critical reflection, but studies are needed which focus on effectiveness in achieving educational objectives by means of an appropriate methodology.MethodsThis pilot study aims to evaluate the formative impact on students' attitudes towards suffering and death and their perception of the role of mentors in an innovative mentoring program for undergraduate students through a quasi-experimental design.Between October 2019 and March 2020, 2nd-year medical students were invited to participate in a mentoring program made up of 5 mentors, randomly assigned to each student by Microsoft Excel's randomization function. A validated and adapted scale was used to measure students' perception of their mentors (CECA Scale) and the mentoring program, while another two validated scales were used to measure attitudes toward suffering (Brief Humanising Scale) and death (Bugen Scale).ResultsOf the 109 students invited to participate (79% female and 21% male), 20 agreed to participate in the intervention group and 24 in the control group. CECA was scored with medians of 6 (the highest score). The Brief Humanising Scale returned no statistically significant differences between the groups. The Bugen Scale showed significant differences after intervention in 80% of the items directly related to the educational objectives. ConclusionsStudents' perception of mentors and mentoring has been optimal. Students' attitude toward suffering was not improved, although attitudes toward death were. Long-term, mixed studies are needed to obtain a higher degree of evidence.
Growth Performance, Mortality and Carcass Yield Evaluation of Pure and Reciprocal Crosses between Sasso and Wassache Chickens
Authors: Dzungwe Joshua , Tozo Koffi , Chrisystome Christrophe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe indigenous chicken production has become an integral part of the smallholder farming systems in Africa, this practice helps in diversifying household income and providing food for the rural community. Products from the indigenous chickens are preferred due to its taste and flavour, however, characterized by small body size and slow productive performance, meat production from this chicken has not met the high demand in Togo. Crossbreeding using exotic breeds can improve productivity of the indigenous chickens without sacrificing its genetic potentials. This study was aimed at improving the Wassache chicken, F1 generation of the crosses between the Wassache and Sasso chickens were simultaneously evaluated for growth traits, mortality and carcass yield in a pure and reciprocal crossbreeding experiment. Data on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality were collected on 400 birds for 12 weeks. On the 12th week of study, 20 birds from each genotype were dissected to determine the carcass yield. Feed intake, body weight and carcass weights were measured using a weighing scale while mortality and dressing percentage were calculated in percentages. Data collected was analyzed using Minitab 19.ResultsThe comparison between the crosses revealed significant (p < 0.05) effect of genotype on growth parameters and carcass traits. Higher significant (p < 0.05) values were reported for SS genotype in all parameters studied with a lower mortality rate Likewise, the reciprocal crosses showed higher performance in growth and carcass traits lower mortality rates next to the pure Sasso. However, Feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage of the pure Sasso and the hybrids did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Within the reciprocal crosses, the performance of SW genotype was generally better than the WS genotype with no significant effects (p > 0.05) except except for hatch weight, gizzard and mortality where the WS genotype performed better than SW.ConclusionThe outcome of this study encourages the crossbreeding of Wassache and Sasso chicken for improved meat production of the local chicken, this will give a greater advantage in breeding programs in this region.
Influence of Potamogeton crispus Harvesting on Phosphorus Composition of Lake Yimeng
Authors: Wang Li-zhi , Wu Xiyuan , Dong Bing , Song Hongli , An Juan , Wu Yuanzhi , Wang Yun , Li Bao , Liu Qianjin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Harvesting is an important method used to control the overproduction of Potamogeton crispus in lakes. A three-year comparative field study was performed in a eutrophic lake (harvested area) and its connected lake (non-harvested area) to determine the effects of harvesting on the phosphorus (P) composition and environmental factors in the water and sediment. Results revealed that harvesting significantly reduced the dissolved total P (DTP) and dissolved organic P (DOP) and increased the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and particulate P (PP) in the water. No significant differences were detected in the water total P (TP), soluble reactive P (SRP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) between the harvested and non-harvested areas. Sediment TP and organic P (OP) were significantly reduced in the harvested area. Harvesting changed the P composition in the water. In the non-harvested area, P was mainly formed by DOP (40%) in the water body, while in the harvested area, PP was the main water component (47%). Harvesting increased the proportion of inorganic P (IP) in the sediment and decreased the proportion of OP. In the water, the IP to TP ratio in the non-harvested and harvested areas were 58.26% and 63.51%, respectively. Our results showed that harvesting changed the P composition in the water and sediment. In the harvesting of submerged vegetation, our results can serve as a reference for the management of vegetation-rich lakes.