bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute phase protein concentrations following serial procaine penicillin G injections in horses
Authors: Gordon Danielle L. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Connolly Sara L. , Schnelle Amy N. , Fan Timothy M. , Barger Anne M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute phase protein (APP) measurement is used to detect inflammation. Intramuscular (IM) injections could cause tissue injury and induce an acute phase response (APR).ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of IM procaine penicillin G (PPG) injections on APP concentrations in horses.Study designProspective longitudinal design.MethodsPPG was administered intramuscularly to six horses, twice daily, for 5 days. Plasma fibrinogen (FIB), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HAP), creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were quantified daily for 5 days before the first injection, during the course of administration, and for 4 days after the final dose. Analytes were quantified every other day for the remaining 16 days. Data were compared using a parametric or non‐parametric repeated measures ANOVA and a Tukey's or Mann–Whitney rank sum test, respectively. Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsCK was increased over baseline (mean ± SD: 200 ± 74 IU/L) on Days 1–6 (p < 0.001 to p = 0.02, mean ± SD: 723–1177 ± 355–544 IU/L) and AST was increased above baseline (mean ± SD: 233 ± 58 IU/L) on Days 2–7 and 10 (p < 0.001 to p = 0.05, mean ± SD: 307–437 ± 79–146 IU/L). Increased FIB was noted over baseline (mean ± SD: 177 ± 30 mg/dl) on Days 6–8 and 10 (p = 0.02 to p = 0.03, mean ± SD: 234–252 ± 33–49 mg/dl). SAA was increased above baseline (mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 2.9) on Day 6 (p = 0.02, mean ± SD: 113 ± 186 μg/ml). There was no change in HAP.Main limitationsHealthy horses were used, small sample size, and a lack of a negative control group.ConclusionsSerial intramuscular procaine penicillin G (IM PPG) injections may result in increased positive APP concentrations in horses and this must be considered when these test results are interpreted.
The influence of equine hoof conformation on the initiation and progression of laminitis
Authors: Akbari Shahkhosravi Naeim , Kakavand Reza , Davies Helen M. S. , Komeili Amin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe health and performance of horses are significantly affected by diseases associated with the hoof. Laminitis is a critical hoof disease that causes pain and, potentially, severe hoof and bone pathology.ObjectiveTo generate an equine hoof finite element (FE) model to investigate the impact of normal and toe‐in hoof conformations on the degeneration (decrease in elastic modulus) of the laminar junction (LJ), as occurs in chronic laminitis.Study designComputer software modelling.MethodsA hoof FE model was generated to investigate the biomechanics of hoof laminitis. A 3D model, consisting of nine components, was constructed from computed tomography scans of an equine left forelimb hoof. The model was loaded with 100 cycles of trotting. Two different centres of pressure (COP) paths representing normal and toe‐in conformations were assigned to the model. LJ injury was modelled by degenerating the tissue's elastic modulus in the presence of excessive maximum principal stresses.ResultsFE models successfully showed findings similar to clinical observations, confirming third phalanx (P3) dorsal rotation, a symmetric distal displacement of the P3 (2 mm at the lateral and medial sides) in the normal model, and an asymmetric distal displacement of the P3 (4 mm at the lateral and 1.5 mm at the medial side) in the toe‐in model. The proximal distance between P3 and the ground after LJ degeneration in the current model was significantly different from experimental measurements from healthy hooves (P < 0.01).Main limitationsThe inability to account for variations in population geometry and approximation of boundary conditions and system relations were the limitations of the current study.ConclusionsThe distribution of LJ tissue degeneration was symmetric at the quarters in the normal hoof and in comparison, there was a lateral concentration of degeneration in the toe‐in model.
Genetic relationship and diversity of cultivars and breeding lines of tetraploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and its hybrids with Lolium‐Festuca complex based on genome‐wide allele frequency
Authors: Tamura Ken‐ichi , Kiyoshi Takako , Kubota Akito , Arakawa Akira , Fujimori Masahiro , Yonemaru Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenetic relatedness and diversity of 62 cultivars and breeding lines of tetraploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; 39 accessions) and its interspecific hybrids, Festulolium (18 accessions), and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium × hybridum Hausskn.; 5 accessions), mainly from Japan, were revealed based on 2,824 genome‐wide allele frequencies obtained by the genotyping by random amplicon sequencing‐direct (GRAS‐Di) method using bulk genomic DNA testing. Genomic composition of each accession was estimated according to the occurrence of 77,373 unique GRAS‐Di sequences in the reference population consisting of diploid Italian ryegrass, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The high correlation coefficient (0.98) between the fescue‐specific reads ratio and the previously obtained f‐ratio of genomic in situ hybridization in Festulolium cultivars suggests the usefulness of this simple method. Both cluster analysis based on Nei's standard genetic distance (DST) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that groups were formed largely by species. However, the complex heritage of Lolium‐Festuca (Festulolium) materials could not be determined by species registration or breeding history alone. Some Festulolium accessions were closely related to Italian ryegrass, whereas some defined as Italian ryegrass may actually be interspecific hybrids. The high genetic diversity of Festulolium compared to Italian ryegrass and hybrid ryegrass revealed by PCA seems due to the wide range of fescue‐specific read ratios (0.04–33.0%). Tetraploid Italian ryegrass did not show clear structural differentiation, but some genetic relationships attributable to breeding history were demonstrated. Mean pairwise DST of tetraploid Italian ryegrass cultivars was significantly lower than that of diploids. Tetraploids and diploids could be separated by PCA plot. Although mean expected heterozygosities of tetraploid and diploid cultivars were not significantly different, the results suggest that the utilization of diploid genetic resources is effective in maintaining and increasing the genetic diversity of breeding populations of tetraploid Italian ryegrass.
The teaching of headache medicine in France: A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Beltramone Marion , Redon Sylvain , Fernandes Sara , Ducros Anne , Avouac Alexandre , Donnet Anne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of patients with headache represents an important part of a neurologist's activity. It requires sufficient training for neurology residents. In France, residents in neurology can complete this training by attending specialized consultations or by participating in a postgraduate training program called “Diplôme Inter‐Universitaire Migraine et Céphalées” (DIUMC).ObjectiveThe objective of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the French residents' knowledge in headache medicine and the impact of different types of training in headache medicine that are available in France.MethodsAn anonymous survey was carried out among 548 French residents in neurology.ResultsThe questionnaires of 121 residents (22.1%) were analyzed. Among them, 54.5% (66/121) had no complementary training apart from the internship (Group 1), 21.5% (26/121) had attended only specialized consultations (Group 2), and 24% (29/121) had participated in the DIUMC (Group 3). There was no difference between all groups regarding the knowledge of the prevalence of primary or chronic headaches. There was almost no difference between the groups in the management of episodic migraine. In contrast, the management of tension‐type headache and chronic headache was better known by residents of Group 3 than residents of Group 1. In these two diseases, residents of Group 3 offered prophylactic treatment more often. Almost 29% of the residents (35/121) had read the French guidelines for the diagnosis and management of migraine. In Group 3, residents had read them significantly more often (1.6% in Group 1, 38.5% in Group 2 and 62.1% in Group 3, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study shows the lack of knowledge among French neurology residents regarding headache medicine. It highlights the interest of specific training programs that could improve the practical and theoretical knowledge of future neurologists.
PRAME is a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumours and histological mimics
Authors: Chen Yan‐ping , Zhang Wen‐wen , Qiu Ya‐ting , Ke Long‐feng , Chen Hao , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2022

AimsAlthough the morphological assessment of melanoma is generally straightforward, diagnosis can be especially difficult when the significant morphological and immunohistochemical results overlap with those of benign and malignant melanocytic tumours and histological mimics. This study assessed the potential diagnostic utility of measuring PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemically in naevi, melanomas and clear cell sarcomas (CCSs) in Chinese patients.MethodsWe examined the immunohistochemical expression of PRAME in 317 melanocytic naevi, 178 primary melanomas, 72 metastatic melanomas and 19 CCSs and compared the sensitivity and specificity of PRAME immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumours and histological mimics.ResultsOf the 317 melanocytic naevi, 98.1%were completely negative for PRAME; six cases showed focal PRAME immunoreactivity in a minor population of lesional melanocytes. Diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity for PRAME was found in 89.9% of primary melanomas and 93.1% of metastatic melanomas. Regarding melanoma subtypes, PRAME was expressed in 100% of superficial spreading melanomas, 100% of melanomas arise in congenital naevus, 91.4% of nodular melanomas, 87.8% of acral lentigo melanomas, 80.0% of lentigo malignant melanomas, 60.0% of Spitz melanomas, 96.2% of mucosal melanomas and 80.0% of uveal melanomas. None of the two desmoplastic melanomas expressed PRAME. Of the 19 CCS cases, 89.5% were negative for PRAME and 10.5% showed focal weak PRAME immunoreactivity in a minor population of tumour cells.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that PRAME may be a useful marker to support a suspected diagnosis of melanoma. In addition, lack of PRAME expression is a valuable hint to CCS in a suspected case, and then molecular confirmation of the presence of EWSR1 rearrangement is necessary.
Mental health nursing capability development: Perspectives of consumers and supporters
Authors: Hurley John , Foster Kim , Campbell Kat , Edan Vrinda , Hazelton Michael , Kennedy Hamilton , Roper Cath , Lakeman Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMental health nursing requires a specialist range of capabilities and values. In Australian contexts, the preparation of nurses to work in mental health settings has attracted criticism from government reviews, academics, and graduate nurses. Insufficient mental health content and clinical placement experience in undergraduate nursing courses have been central to this criticism. The study aim was to identify the areas and modalities of capability development of graduate mental health nurses, from the perspectives of end point users. In order to meet the aim, a four‐item cross‐sectional online survey with three additional and open‐ended questions was developed. The questions were co‐designed with consumer academics and reviewed by consumer and carer organizations. The survey was widely distributed across Australian consumer and carer organizations, with 95 useable responses. Findings indicated strong support for lived experience being integrated into teaching teams for nurses, as well as support for undergraduate direct entry for mental health nursing. Themed content from open‐ended responses reflected the survey outcomes as well as prioritizing skill development to support better therapeutic relating and nurse self‐care. Key findings included strong support for greater lived experience input into mental health nurse education, specialist undergraduate preparation and a focus on developing relational capabilities in the mental health nurse workforce.
Thermally enhanced dislocation density improves both hardness and fracture toughness in single‐crystal SrTiO3
Authors: Salem Mostafa Negm , Ding Kuan , Rödel Jürgen , Fang Xufei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDislocation‐tuned functionality in ceramic oxides for potential versatile applications gains increasing attention. As the widespread chemical doping suffers from poor temperature stability, dislocations in well‐controlled mesoscopic structure may be an alternative to thermally stable intrinsic doping features. To this end, the dislocation density in plastic zones introduced by cyclic Brinell indentation is considered under thermal annealing conditions. The considerably enhanced dislocation density due to thermal treatment is found to impact both microhardness and fracture toughness, albeit only to a modest degree. The mechanistic understanding centers around enhanced mobility and multiplication of the pre‐engineered dislocations at elevated temperatures driven by the residual indentation stress, as well as the strengthened interaction of point defects and dislocations at high temperature.
US liberals and conservatives live in different (linguistic) worlds: Ideological differences when interpreting business conversations
Authors: Holtgraves Thomas , Bray Ky 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen people use language to communicate, their intended meanings are not always conveyed by words alone. Instead, speakers sometimes convey their meaning in a relatively subtle, or indirect, fashion, and this requires some interpretation on the part of the receiver. In this study we investigated differences between US liberals and conservatives in their interpretation of conversation utterances that have these types of potential indirect meanings. Past research demonstrating cognitive differences between conservatives and liberals suggests liberals should be more likely than conservatives to engage in cognitive processes designed to uncover potential indirect meanings. To test this, we created a conversation between two businessmen that contained five types of indirect utterances that were chosen from the pragmatics literature. Participants were asked to rate the likelihood of an indirect interpretation of each of these utterances, as well as two control utterances that did not convey an indirect meaning. In three studies (Total N = 664) liberals were significantly more likely to endorse the indirect interpretations of these utterances (but not the control utterances) than were conservatives. Several possible cognitive mediators (Empathy Quotient, Need for Cognition, and Cognitive Flexibility) were examined but did not account for the effect. The results demonstrate an important interactional implication of the cognitive processing differences between liberals and conservatives. Future research should attempt to extend these findings by using different utterances and contexts, as well as examining other potential mediators.
In vivo stress reporters as early biomarkers of the cellular changes associated with progeria
Authors: Inesta‐Vaquera Francisco , Weiland Florian , Henderson Colin J. , Wolf Charles Roland 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAge‐related diseases account for a high proportion of the total global burden of disease. Despite recent advances in understanding their molecular basis, there is a lack of suitable early biomarkers to test selected compounds and accelerate their translation to clinical trials. We have investigated the utility of in vivo stress reporter systems as surrogate early biomarkers of the degenerative disease progression. We hypothesized that cellular stress observed in models of human degenerative disease preceded overt cellular damage and at the same time will identify potential cytoprotective pathways. To test this hypothesis, we generated novel accelerated ageing (progeria) reporter mice by crossing the LmnaG609G mice into our oxidative stress/inflammation (Hmox1) and DNA damage (p21) stress reporter models. Histological analysis of reporter expression demonstrated a time‐dependent and tissue‐specific activation of the reporters in tissues directly associated with Progeria, including smooth muscle cells, the vasculature and gastrointestinal tract. Importantly, reporter expression was detected prior to any perceptible deleterious phenotype. Reporter expression can therefore be used as an early marker of progeria pathogenesis and to test therapeutic interventions. This work also demonstrates the potential to use stress reporter approaches to study and find new treatments for other degenerative diseases.
Temporal shifts of the microbiome associated with antibiotic treatment of purpuric drug eruptions related to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Hsieh Paul‐Chen , Chang Chi‐Sheng , Chen Kai‐Lung , Cho Yung‐Tsu , Chu Chia‐Yu , Chen Kuan‐Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are selective and effective treatments for cancers with relevant mutations. Purpuric drug eruptions are an uncommon but clinically significant dermatological side effect related to EGFR inhibitor use that are associated with positive bacterial cultures and responsive to antibiotic treatment. However, the longitudinal temporal shifts in the skin microbiome that occur before and after antibiotic treatment of purpuric drug eruptions remain largely unknown.ObjectivesTo characterize temporal changes in the skin and mucosal microbiomes before and after antibiotic treatment of EGFR inhibitor‐related purpuric drug eruptions.MethodsTwelve patients who experienced EGFR inhibitor‐related purpuric drug eruptions were recruited from a dermato‐oncology clinic in Taiwan from May 2017 to April 2018. Swabs were obtained from skin lesions and the nasal mucosa before and after antibiotic treatment of purpuric drug eruptions. After the amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the diversity and compositions of microbiomes sampled at different time points were compared.ResultsThe alpha diversity (represented by the Shannon index) of the skin microbiome increased significantly in the recovered phase of purpuric drug eruptions compared with that of the active phase. By contrast, the nasal microbiome showed no significant change in alpha diversity. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus significantly decreased in samples from skin of the recovered phase, which was confirmed by analysis of compositions of microbiomes (ANCOM) and the ALDEx2 analysis packages in R.ConclusionsThe cutaneous microbiome of purpuric drug eruptions showed a significant increase in alpha diversity and a decrease in the relative abundance of Staphylococcus following antibiotic treatment. These findings may help guide antimicrobial therapy of this EGFR inhibitor‐related condition.
Patient Unique Stigmatization Holistic tool in dermatology (PUSH‐D): Development and validation of a dermatology‐specific stigmatization assessment tool
Authors: Ezzedine Khaled , Shourick Jason , Bergqvist Christina , Misery Laurent , Chuberre Bertrand , Kerob Delphine , Halioua Bruno , Le Fur Gaëlle , Paul Carle , Richard Marie‐Aleth , Taieb Charles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe skin plays an important role in establishing interpersonal relationships, and thus visible skin disorders, which have a significant impact on physical appearance, influence other people's behaviours and attitudes.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a dermatologic‐specific questionnaire to evaluate stigmatization in individuals with visible skin conditions.MethodsItems were generated by a verbatim report based on qualitative interviews with patients with various dermatologic conditions. Subsequently, a study was implemented for psychometric analysis. A dermatology‐specific stigmatization questionnaire (PUSH‐D) was refined via item reduction according to inter‐question correlations, consensus among experts and exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency was determined by calculating Cronbach's α. Concurrent validity was determined by calculating the correlation between PUSH‐D and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES).ResultsFrom a primary list of 22 items, PUSH‐D was reduced to a 17‐item questionnaire, covering two pertinent dimensions based on the exploratory factor analysis. Construct validity was demonstrated, and PUSH‐D showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.9). PUSH‐D correlated strongly with the DLQI 0.72 (p < 0.001) and moderately with the RSES 0.49 (p < 0.001).ConclusionPUSH‐D allows a comprehensive view of the degree of stigmatization in visible skin disorders, as well as the comparability of stigmatization levels across various skin conditions.
Advancing global hydrologic modeling with the GEOGloWS ECMWF streamflow service
Authors: Hales Riley C. , Nelson E. James , Souffront Michael , Gutierrez Angelica L. , Prudhomme Christel , Kopp Steve , Ames Daniel P. , Williams Gustavious P. , Jones Norman L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost people face some level of water insecurity. Wise water management practices to address water security issues typically require data derived from a combination of observation and model data. This data has historically proven difficult to sustainably supply in many areas of the world. We present the design and development of a global, modeled streamflow data source for the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) Global Water Sustainability (GEOGloWS) implemented at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). This GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Service (GEOGloWS Service) is a solution and prototype to sustainably address this need for data. The GEOGloWS Service centralizes computing and human resources to build a global hydrologic model and exposes data and mapping web services that allow users to consume the resulting data to meet their specific needs. The global hydrologic model produces global 15‐day ensemble streamflow forecasts and a historical simulation since January 1979. We present case studies in several countries and research environments which demonstrate the utility of the approach taken by the GEOGloWS Service. The case studies show how the global modeled data are being applied to make informed decisions and advance projects in ways that otherwise would not have been possible.