bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive Passivator for Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell on Commercially Textured Silicon
Authors: Xu Qiaojing , Shi Biao , Li Yucheng , Yan Lingling , Duan Weiyuan , Li Yuxiang , Li Renjie , Ren Ningyu , Han Wei , Liu Jingjing , Huang Qian , Zhang Dekun , Ren Huizhi , Xu Shengzhi , Zhang Chaohua , Zhuang Huihu , Lambertz Andreas , Ding Kaining , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells on commercially textured silicon with conformal perovskite top cells allow compatibility with standard industrial processes of silicon photovoltaic, as well as maximization of light trapping at the least cost. However, the efficiency is still limited by unsatisfactory open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF), owing to the challenge of growing high‐quality perovskite film on textured substrates and the lack of particularly effective passivation at the inferior interface between perovskite and C60. Different from traditionally electricity‐insulating passivator, herein, a conductive organic amine salt is introduced into this interface to suppress nonradiative recombination loss and promote carriers transfer synchronously, significantly increasing the VOC while preserving high FF, thus improving the efficiency substantially. Finally, a champion efficiency of up to 28.51% is obtained. Furthermore, due to the favorable electrical properties of this molecule, there is a wide processing window for the passivation, which helps to achieve an efficiency of 25.13% when the active area is enlarged to 11.879 cm2.
High‐Entropy‐Alloy‐Nanoparticles Enabled Wood Evaporator for Efficient Photothermal Conversion and Sustainable Solar Desalination
Authors: Li Yixing , Ma Yi , Liao Yijun , Ji Lianze , Zhao Rongzhi , Zhu Dapeng , Hu Xin , Qin Gaowu , Rong Huawei , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy‐alloy (HEA) nanoparticles with excellent photothermal conversion performances have been proven effective for solar steam generation abilities, but it remains a challenge to fabricate a macroscale evaporator through them. Here, assisting by the unique anisotropic porous structures of balsawood matrixes, a sustainable HEA‐nanoparticles‐balsawood (HEA‐BW) composited evaporator, in which two compositions construct an asymmetric surface wettability that the top surface of HEA nanoparticles acts as a hydrophobic photothermal area, while the bottom hydrophilic surface of balsawood allows for rapid water transportation, is assembled. The most efficient 8‐HEA‐BW realized an average optical absorption greater than 97% over the entire solar spectrum (250–2500 nm) and an excellent evaporation rate of 2.58 kg m−2 h−1 with a surface temperature of 80 °C under one sun irradiation. Surprisingly, a stable solar desalination performance of such composited evaporator can be observed in a 10‐cycles long‐term evaluation of the hypersaline water (20 wt% salinity) with an average evaporation rate of 1.65 kg m−2 h−1.
Anchoring Metal‐Organic Framework‐Derived ZnTe@C onto Elastic Ti3C2Tx MXene with 0D/2D Dual Confinement for Ultrastable Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Hu Rongxiang , Sha Dawei , Cao Xin , Lu Chengjie , Wei Yicheng , Pan Long , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prosperous deployments of renewable energy have stimulated the looming exploration of K‐ion batteries (KIBs) for grid‐scale energy storage because of their high energy density and low cost. However, lacking advanced anode materials with high theoretical capacity, fast K+ storage kinetics, and eco‐friendliness discourages KIB development. Here, for the first time, ZnTe as an advanced KIB anode material with a conversion reaction mechanism (yZnTe + xK+ + xe− → yZn + KxTey) is demonstrated. The ZnTe nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a carbon matrix using metal–organic frameworks as starting materials, which are subsequently anchored on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, forming elaborate ZnTe@C/Ti3C2Tx (ZCT) nanohybrids. Various theoretical modeling and postmortem examinations reveal the synergistic integrations between carbon and Ti3C2Tx. Compositionally, they regulate the electronic structure of ZnTe, providing fast K+ adsorption kinetics. Morphologically, they construct a 0D/2D dual confinement, addressing the volume change of ZnTe upon cycling. Therefore, the ZCT exhibits a high capacity (408.0 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and excellent long‐term cyclability (230.2 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 3500 cycles), outperforming other reported transition‐metal‐chalcogenides. Significantly, the ZCT‐based full cells achieve a high energy density of 110.3 Wh Kg−1, making ZCT promising for practical applications.
Fall–winter cover crops promote soil health and weed control in the southeastern clayey soils
Authors: St Aime Ricardo , Bridges William C. , Narayanan Sruthi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeven winter cover crops including grasses, legumes, and brassicas were evaluated for biomass production and effects on weed presence, stored soil water, soil health indicators, and the performance of a subsequent soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop in the clayey soils of South Carolina during 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. A mixture of Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and oat (Avena sativa L.), a mixture of crimson clover and rye, and single rye ranked high for biomass production. Cover crops did not deplete more soil water than a fallow did (–22 to 8% difference in soil water retention, compared to fallow with or without herbicide application), controlled weeds equally well or better than herbicides (>90% reduction in weed presence, compared to herbicide control), and reduced soil penetration resistance (>40%, compared to fallow with or without herbicide application in the second season). The five‐species mixture also improved soil biological activity (>43% increase in soil respiration at cover‐crop termination, compared to that under a chemical fallow). The subsequent soybean crop's yield was never negatively affected if not improved by the above cover crops (9–173% increase, compared to that following a chemical fallow). Our results indicate the suitability of the above cover crops for the southeastern clayey soils based on biomass production, weed suppression, and improvements in soil health and the subsequent soybean crop's performance and provide the rationale for planting them rather than keeping the land under a chemical fallow.
Engineering Heterogeneous Catalysis with Strong Metal–Support Interactions: Characterization, Theory and Manipulation
Authors: Pu Tiancheng , Zhang Wenhao , Zhu Minghui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStrong metal–support interactions (SMSI) represent a classic yet fast‐growing area in catalysis research. The SMSI phenomenon results in the encapsulation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with the support material that significantly impacts the catalytic performance through regulation of the interfacial interactions. Engineering SMSI provides a promising approach to steer catalytic performance in various chemical processes, which serves as an effective tool to tackle energy and environmental challenges. Our Minireview covers characterization, theory, catalytic activity, dependence on the catalytic structure and inducing environment of SMSI phenomena. By providing an overview and outlook on the cutting‐edge techniques in this multidisciplinary research field, we not only want to provide insights into the further exploitation of SMSI in catalysis, but we also hope to inspire rational designs and characterization in the broad field of material science and physical chemistry.
The elongated neck of sauropodomorph dinosaurs evolved gradually
Authors: Damke Lísie V. S. , Bem Fabiula P. , Doering Mariana , Piovesan Tamara R. , Müller Rodrigo T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiscoveries from South America have increased our knowledge on the early evolutionary history of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. The dietary shift from faunivorous to herbivorous creatures and the increasing body size are both widely documented in the fossil record. Conversely, the initial evolution of the elongated neck is poorly known. It is one of the most diagnostic features of Sauropodomorpha. There is a gap between the record of short‐necked sauropodomorphs from Carnian (±233 Ma) and long‐necked forms from early Norian (±225 Ma). As a consequence, it is unknown if the cervical vertebrae became long gradually or abruptly. In the present study, we present a new specimen excavated from strata that belong to this time interval (±228 Ma). CAPPA/UFSM 0352 comprises a series of five cervical vertebrae unearthed from the Late Triassic of Southern Brazil. The vertebrae are proportionately longer than that of older forms and proportionately shorter than that of younger ones. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the elongation of the neck of sauropodomorphs is an example of gradual evolutionary process. Except by its elongated shape, the general anatomy of the cervical elements resembles that of the earliest forms (i.e., have a conservative anatomy). Combined with previous data, it is possible to conclude that the shape of the skull and teeth, as well as the neck proportions, were the first structures to clearly differ derived sauropodomorphs from early diverging forms. Finally, some of the recovered phylogenetic scenarios favor the origins of the elongated neck in the clade Bagualosauria.
Automated methods for image detection of cultural heritage: Overviews and perspectives
Authors: Câmara Ariele , de Almeida Ana , Caçador David , Oliveira João 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRemote sensing data covering large geographical areas can be easily accessed and are being acquired with greater frequency. The massive volume of data requires an automated image analysis system. By taking advantage of the increasing availability of data using computer vision, we can design specific systems to automate data analysis and detection of archaeological objects. In the past decade, there has been a rise in the use of automated methods to assist in the identification of archaeological sites in remote sensing imagery. These applications offer an important contribution to non‐intrusive archaeological exploration, helping to reduce the traditional human workload and time by signalling areas with a higher probability of presenting archaeological sites for exploration. This survey describes the state of the art of existing automated image analysis methods in archaeology and highlights the improvements thus achieved in the detection of archaeological monuments and areas of interest in landscape‐scale satellite and aerial imagery. It also presents a discussion of the benefits and limitations of automatic detection of archaeological structures, proposing new approaches and possibilities.
Bewertung neuer Betonrezepturen anhand der Druckfestigkeit und der Treibhausgasreduzierung im Herstellprozess
Authors: Hertel Mareile , Rempel Sergej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDie Herstellung von Betonbauteilen muss zum Schutze des Klimas nachhaltiger werden. Ein Ansatz ist die grundlegende Veränderung der Betonrezepturen in ihren Ausgangsstoffen und Massenanteilen. Diese sind so zu verändern, dass der Einsatz primärer Rohstoffe signifikant reduziert wird, ohne die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Betons nachteilig zu verändern respektive zu verbessern. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit aktuellen internationalen Forschungsergebnissen zu nachhaltigen, kreislaufoptimierten Betonmischungsrezepturen und deren erzielten 28‐Tage‐Druckfestigkeitswerten. Diese wurden mithilfe eines Analysemodells über die empirischen Druckfestigkeitswerte der Rezepturen und deren mögliche CO2‐Einsparung im Herstellungsprozess bewertet. Die Veränderung des Treibhauspotenzials basiert auf einer reduzierten Sachbilanzstudie der Stoffströme. Die Auswertung der verfügbaren Daten ergab, dass insbesondere durch den Einsatz industrieller Abfall‐ und Nebenprodukte in Beton, wie Kupferschlacke, keramische oder Gießereiabfälle sowie Steinschlammpulver, ein nachhaltiges Ergebnis erzielt werden kann. Bei Verwendung dieser Produkte konnte sowohl eine rechnerische Einsparung des Kohlenstoffdioxidausstoßes als auch eine Zunahme der 28‐Tage‐Druckfestigkeit gegenüber der Vergleichsprobe erzielt werden.
Rectangular tolerance regions and multivariate normal reference regions in laboratory medicine
Authors: Lucagbo Michael Daniel , Mathew Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReference intervals are widely used in the interpretation of results of biochemical and physiological tests of patients. When there are multiple biochemical analytes measured from each subject, a multivariate reference region is needed. Because of their greater specificity against false positives, such reference regions are more desirable than separate univariate reference intervals that disregard the cross‐correlations between variables. Traditionally, under multivariate normality, reference regions have been constructed as ellipsoidal regions. This approach suffers from a major drawback: it cannot detect component‐wise extreme observations. In the present work, procedures are developed to construct rectangular reference regions in the multivariate normal setup. The construction is based on the criteria for tolerance intervals. The problems addressed include the computation of a rectangular tolerance region and simultaneous tolerance intervals. Also addressed is the computation of mixed reference intervals that include both two‐sided and one‐sided limits, simultaneously. A parametric bootstrap approach is used in the computations, and the accuracy of the proposed methodology is assessed using estimated coverage probabilities. The problem of sample size determination is also addressed, and the results are illustrated using examples that call for the computation of reference regions.
Gender differences in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry
Authors: Kostantinis Spyridon , Simsek Bahadir , Karacsonyi Judit , Alaswad Khaldoon , Basir Mir B. , Megaly Michael , Gorgulu Sevket , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Davies Rhian E. , Benton Stewart M. , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , ElGuindy Ahmed M. , Goktekin Omer , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Allana Salman , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Prasad Megha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data describing gender differences in patients undergoing chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).MethodsWe compared baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes between men and women among 9457 CTO PCIs performed at 38 centers between 2012 and 2022.ResultsA total of 7687 (81%) men and 1770 (19%) women were treated. Women were older, more likely to have comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and peripheral arterial disease, and had higher left ventricular ejection fraction. The most common CTO target vessel was the right coronary artery for both men (53%) and women (52%), although the left anterior descending artery was more frequently the target vessel among women (31% vs. 25%; p < 0.001). The J‐CTO score (2.4 ± 1.3 vs. 2.2 ± 1.2; p < 0.001) as well as the PROGRESS‐CTO score (1.3 ± 1.0 vs. 1.1 ± 1.0; p < 0.001) were higher among men. In female patients, antegrade wiring was more frequently the initial crossing strategy (87.6% vs. 82.4%; p < 0.001) and was more successful in crossing the target lesion (62.7% vs. 54.0%; p < 0.001) compared with men. Interventions in men required longer procedure time and fluoroscopy time, as well as higher air kerma radiation dose and contrast volume when compared to women. Technical (89% vs. 86%; p < 0.001) and procedural (87% vs. 84%; p = 0.003) success rates were higher among women. In‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were also higher in women (2.9% vs. 1.8%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsWomen undergoing CTO PCI had higher technical and procedural success rates, but also higher in‐hospital MACE compared with men.
Phosphorescent Bimetallic C^C* Platinum(ii) Complexes with Bridging Substituted Diphenylformamidinates
Authors: Stipurin Sergej , Strassner Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of phosphorescent bimetallic platinum(II) complexes is presented, which were synthesized by the combination of bidentate cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands and different bridging diphenylformamidinates. The complexes were characterized by standard techniques and additionally two solid‐state structures could be obtained. Photoluminescence measurements revealed the strong emissive behavior of the compounds with quantum yields of up to 90 % and emission lifetimes of approx. 2 μs. The effect of the substitution pattern in the bridging ligands on the structural and photophysical properties of the complexes was examined in detail and rationalized by density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6‐311G*).
Going Viral: An Investigation into the Chameleonic Behaviour of Antiviral Compounds
Authors: Wieske Lianne H. E. , Atilaw Yoseph , Poongavanam Vasanthanathan , Erdélyi Máté , Kihlberg Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability to adjust conformations in response to the polarity of the environment, i.e. molecular chameleonicity, is considered to be important for conferring both high aqueous solubility and high cell permeability to drugs in chemical space beyond Lipinski's rule of 5. We determined the conformational ensembles populated by the antiviral drugs asunaprevir, simeprevir, atazanavir and daclatasvir in polar (DMSO‐d6) and non‐polar (chloroform) environments with NMR spectroscopy. Daclatasvir was fairly rigid, whereas the first three showed large flexibility in both environments, that translated into major differences in solvent accessible 3D polar surface area within each conformational ensemble. No significant differences in size and polar surface area were observed between the DMSO‐d6 and chloroform ensembles of these three drugs. We propose that such flexible compounds are characterized as “partial molecular chameleons” and hypothesize that their ability to adopt conformations with low polar surface area contributes to their membrane permeability and oral absorption.
Improved Energy Efficiency of Power‐to‐X Processes Using Heat Pumps Towards Mobility Sector Defossilization
Authors: Mantei Franz , Kraume Matthias , Salem Ouda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCombining Power‐to‐X (PtX) processes with high temperature heat pumps (HTHP) can significantly increase their energy efficiency. Evaluating the example of oxymethylene ethers (OME) production from H2 via H2O electrolysis and captured CO2 from air shows that by upgrading waste heat streams using HTHP, a process overall energy efficiency of higher than 61 % can be achieved compared to 30 % in conventional integrated processes. Thereby, the waste heat stream from H2O electrolysis already covers the low temperature heat demand for CO2 capture via direct air capture, not only for OME but also for various PtX products. Importantly, a significant lever for the energy efficiency enhancement is the consideration of other low temperature heat‐demanding sectors. High overall process energy efficiencies and the electrification of the industry are key aspects towards a sustainable mobility sector.
Formulation of Nanostructured Heteroaggregates by Fluidization Technologies
Authors: Men Jialin , Kolan Subash Reddy , Massomi Ali , Hoffmann Torsten , Schmidt Jochen , Tsotsas Evangelos , Bück Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanostructured heteroaggregates provide improved or new functionalities over homoaggregates due to the formation of heterocontacts. For a high number of heterocontacts, intense mixing of the primary particles and their reaggregation is required. This work presents results using the principle of fluidization for formulation of nanostructured heteroaggregates. Intraaggregate mixing of constituents is evaluated by SEM‐EDX. The feasibility of two technologies, spouted bed and opposed jet fluidized bed, is demonstrated, also showing the variety of structures that can be achieved by the technologies.
A Strategic Approach to the Management of Single‐Use Technology
Authors: Schmidhalter Diego R. , Schmidt Aaron C. , Beck Stefanie , Morgenstern‐Egli Sandrine A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle‐use technology (SUT), a blessing or a curse? A blessing, because of its flexibility and capacity to significantly accelerate construction and commissioning of new facilities, as shown for mRNA vaccines during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Or a curse, because of the many challenges of managing single‐use assemblies within a company, the substantially increased supplier dependency, and opposing business interests of suppliers and end users. In this paper, the authors share an integrated strategic approach that addresses the issues that affect the business‐success of end users.
A simplified molecular method to detect high‐risk HPV using the Aptima HPV assay on head and neck FNA smears
Authors: Gormley Joseph P. , Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Rehrauer William M. , Kucher Erek T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration is used as a diagnostic tool in head and neck oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its metastases. Prognosis and treatment rely on the presence or absence of the human papilloma virus. The purpose of this study was to validate the performance of the Aptima HPV assay using Hema‐Diff stained fine‐needle aspiration smears in the diagnosis of human papilloma virus‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using a simplified method to obtain tumor cells for testing.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and positive p16 immunohistochemical staining were identified. Aptima Specimen Transport Media was used to remove tumor cells from the Hema‐Diff stained slides using a moistened swab. The selected cells were tested for high risk‐human papilloma virus using the Aptima HPV assay and Aptima HPV 16 18/45 genotype assay. The results were compared with the p16 immunohistochemical staining of the related cell block and surgical specimens.ResultsTwenty‐one of the 21 (100%) p16‐positive cases were found to be positive for high risk‐human papilloma virus, whereas 20 of 21 (95%) negative cases were found to be negative for high risk‐human papilloma virus using the Aptima HPV assay.ConclusionThe Aptima HPV assay can be used to detect high‐risk human papilloma virus in Hema‐Diff stained fine‐needle aspiration smears of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%. This provides a valuable alternative to p16 immunohistochemical staining of cell block sections that often lack appropriate numbers of tumor cells.