bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fumarate on renal vascular reactivity and the modulation of blood pressure in normotensive rats: Possible contribution of the nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide system
Authors: Edosuyi Osaze , Choi Myung , Igbe Ighodaro , Oyekan Adebayo 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Fumarate, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediary, has been linked to nitric oxide (NO) produc­tion. NO plays a prominent role in the physiological regulation of blood pressure and renal hemodynamics. This study is aimed to investigate any contribution of fumarate to blood pressure and renal hemodynamics in normotensive rats with a possible link to the nitrergic system.
Materials and methods: Fumarate (1, 3 and 10 μmol) was injected into isolated perfused kidneys, pre-constricted with epinephrine (30 μM). The fumarase inhibitor, pyromellitic acid (PMA) (1, 3 and 10 μM), was used to perfuse the iso­lated kidney and perfusate was collected for nitric oxide and fumarate assays. An acute blood pressure study involved the injection of bolus doses of fumarate (0.1, 0.3 and 1 μg/kg, iv) or PMA (1, 3 and 10 μg/kg, iv) to normotensive rats in the presence of N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg, iv) or PMA (1, 3 and 10 μg/kg).
Results and discussion: Fumarate reduced perfusion pressure and elicited a peak reduction at the highest dose. Per­fusing the kidney with PMA caused a paradoxical increase in perfusion pressure (70%, p<0.05), compared to baseline. Bolus doses of fumarate reduced blood pressure (-29.3±6.2 mmHg, p<0.05), cortical blood flow (CBF) and increased medullary blood flow (MBF). L-NAME did not abolish the vasodilatory effect of fumarate, but reduced the magnitude of response (50%, p<0.05). PMA did not significantly affect the vasodilatory effect of fumarate (p>0.05).
Conclusion: These data suggest that fumarate exerts a vasodilatory effect on renal and systemic hemodynamics that may partly involve the nitric oxide signaling.
Grapgical abstract:
Vater Kafka. Anmerkungen zum Roman Meine Eltern ( Avi we-imi ) von Aharon Appelfeld
Authors: Corbea-Hoisie Andrei 
Published: August 2022

Le présent travail se donne pour objectifs l’examen et l’interprétation du roman tardif d’Aharon Appelfeld Mes parents (titre hébreu original : Avi ve-Imi , en français : Mon père et ma mère ) en se fondant sur la filiation, revendiquée par l’auteur, avec Kafka. Divers axes de réflexion s’entrecroisent et parcourent toute son œuvre narrative, l’histoire-cadre tirant sa matière de la relation, obsessionnelle, avec la Shoah. S’agissant de la fiction, qui a pour décor la région familière de la Bucovine, la reprise du motif de l’impuissance de la bourgeoisie juive assimilée d’Europe orientale à échapper à la catastrophe imminente est vue aussi bien de façon critique par le survivant, qu’habite une conscience israélienne nouvellement acquise, que nourrie de la certitude que l’identité juive est dans son cas inséparable de ses racines spirituelles allemandes. Appelfeld a pour témoin et modèle Kafka dont la représentation de l’homme moderne aliéné s’est approprié l’expérience juive de la souffrance au point de se fondre en elle dans un mouvement d’échange réciproque.
De l’indifférence à l’expérience d’une compassion interculturelle
Authors: Mougin Mathilde 
Published: August 2022

Cet article propose d’étudier l’expression des émotions des voyageurs face au spectacle des supplices orientaux dans plusieurs récits de voyage du xviie siècle. Si la violence des traitements réservés aux voleurs et aux criminels est un invariant relevé par les voyageurs parcourant les pays d’Orient (l’Empire ottoman, la Perse et l’Inde moghole), la modalité du regard porté sur le patient du supplice varie de la compassion à l’indifférence. L’objet de cet article est d’interroger plus spécifiquement les implications politiques, axiologiques et anthropologiques de l’expression de la compassion des voyageurs, ainsi que celles de leur apparente indifférence. Sera notamment envisagé le pouvoir de relativisation des frontières géographiques et morales attaché à cette émotion. Notre étude s’appuiera sur les récits de Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1676) et Pierre-Martin de La Martinière (1674), deux contemporains ayant voyagé en Orient, proposant une abondante description de supplices.
Paysages, mobilisations citoyennes et acceptabilité sociale de projets éoliens terrestres
Authors: Hamman Philippe 
Published: August 2022

Cet article confronte les appels de principe et les équipements techniques de la transition énergétique à leur mise en œuvre concrète à travers des projets d’énergies renouvelables inscrits dans les territoires locaux et leurs jeux d’acteurs, à l’exemple des projets éoliens terrestres en perspective comparée France-Allemagne. L’analyse se fonde sur un point de littérature comparée en sciences sociales, à partir de publications récentes francophones, germanophones et anglophones. Elle propose une mise en débat et en perspective, à la fois sur un plan théorique et plus opérationnel, des enjeux de conflit et de participation, des échelles d’action et d’une pluralité de représentations socio-économiques, environnementales, mais aussi esthétiques et sensibles de l’éolien. Nous visons à dégager des perspectives d’analyse des « nouveaux paysages » autour de projets éoliens, à partir de controverses autour des participations et mobilisations citoyennes et de l’acceptabilité sociale. Ces débats sont eux-mêmes resitués dans ce que nous apprennent les recherches sur la transition / Wende énergétique à l’échelle des territoires, en mettant en parallèle les cas français et allemand. La discussion de travaux scientifiques repose sur une approche qualitative, et non pas bibliométrique ; elle ne vise pas l’exhaustivité, et s’appuie sur des publications de chercheurs plutôt que sur la littérature grise ou praticienne ; elle veille à un équilibre entre études françaises et allemandes et retient des publications facilement accessibles, des articles ou des ouvrages, plutôt que des thèses ; enfin, en guise d’illustrations destinées à rendre concret le propos, elle privilégie les espaces frontaliers du Rhin supérieur, sans que ce soit exclusif.
Errata - Journal of the University of Ruhuna, 9(1) 2021
Authors: Editor-in-Chief . 
Published: August 2022

Erratum 1
Wijesooriya, M.M., Widanagamage, S.M.K. and Masakorala, K., 2021. Biological control of Freshwater Cyanobacterial blooms; A Review. Journal of the University of Ruhuna, 9(1), pp.06–27. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/jur.v9i1.7966
Erratum 2
Bandara, M.M.N.T., Dahanayake, N., Subasinghe, S. and Perera, P.C.D., 2021. A Review on In vitro Propagation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Ln.). Journal of the University of Ruhuna, 9(1), pp.39–46. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/jur.v9i1.7975
Ethical and legal issues concerning COVID 19 vaccinations in persons with mental illness in India
Authors: Philip Sharad , Suhas Satish , Nirisha P. Lakshmi , Pandey Praveen , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Math Suresh Bada 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Mental healthcare in India faces severe challenges amid the ongoing pandemic. India runs the largest vaccination drive globally, including booster doses to rapidly vaccinate its population of over a billion. As persons with mental illness are at greater risk of adverse outcomes from COVID 19, they need prioritized access and administration of these vaccines. This manuscript examines the current legislation and identifies how the legal and ethical frameworks can prioritize COVID 19 vaccinations for persons with mental illness in India through a review of the various legislations of India concerning persons with mental illness and judicial judgments concerning the pandemic and vaccination. Subsequently, we discuss ethical and legal challenges associated with vaccination in this vulnerable population and possible solutions. Based on the current review, the authors recommend the guidelines for capacity assessment for vaccination decisions and discuss existing legal frameworks relevant to the vaccination of persons with mental illness.
Self-Medication with Modern and Complementary Alternative Medicines in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Jangra Indu , Dubey Ashok Kumar , Arora Ekta , Peerzada Basit Iqbal 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of the self-medication practices with modern and/or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in patients with chronic pain.

Methods:
The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 and assessed a representative sample of chronic pain patients visiting outpatient departments in India by administering a semi-structured questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of forty multiple response items, including ten questions that assessed the subjects’ sociodemographic profile, for example, age, sex, education, marital status, employment status, residence, and distance of home from any health care facility. The next part of the questionnaire evaluated the practice and determinants of self-medication for chronic pain with modern or CAM therapies. It included thirty questions assessing the reasons, duration, sources of information, procurement methods, preference for a particular system of medicine, knowledge about risks or drug interactions, rationality, perception of the subject, and communication with the physician, among other aspects of self-medication for pain.

Findings:
Out of the 325 respondents with chronic pain, those who practiced self-medication (237) were significantly more in number than those who did not (P < 0.05). Among those who self-medicated, the practice was significantly higher in urban participants living closer to healthcare facilities, with better economic backgrounds and higher education (P < 0.05). Modern medicine was the predominant choice of self-treatment for chronic pain compared to various CAM therapies (P < 0.05). Among the alternatives, homeopathic and ayurvedic systems of medicines were preferred. The main reasons for self-medicating were urgency, ease, previous prescriptions, and presumed mildness of the underlying disease. More than one-third of the respondents opined in favor of continuing self-medication in the future.

Conclusion:
The prevalent practice of self-medication for chronic pain may not be hazardous, but it can turn into a serious problem if not based on correct information. The inherent risks need to be minimized by increasing awareness, health education, and pharmacy regulations.
Development of a Web-Based Virtual Simulated Learning Environment for Pharmacy Practice Education
Authors: Najimi Arash , Badri Shirinsadat , Azizkhani Mahdiyeh , Zolghadr Samaneh , Roofeh Shaghayegh , Sepehr Sayyed Ali , Mohammadi Sajjad 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
In the present study, we aimed to develop a virtual simulation that allows pharmacy students to play through actual prescriptions and pharmacy practice scenarios productively and on a personal computer. If designed properly, this program may serve as a supplementary educational tool without the need for an existing human tutor that could provide learning outcomes as good as those resulting from traditional paper-based pharmacy practice tutorials.

Methods:
A computer-based simulation of a community pharmacy was developed. This program mainly targeted three basic learning needs of pharmacy students: drug dispensing, patient counseling, and dealing with clinical situations related to the patients’ prescription or demand for over-the-counter (OTC) recommendations. Fundamental design decisions were based on breaking down the dispensing process into logical components to provide discrete development elements. For teaching patient counseling and clinical skills, instructors wrote scenarios covering the most prevalent pharmacy practice issues, mainly focused on medication use during pregnancy or lactation, OTC recommendations, information related to drug interactions and adverse drug reactions, and interactions between prescription drugs and patient's underlying disease.

Findings:
Based on the primary curriculum topics, the development team designed exercises for pharmacy practice units presented to year 5 pharmacy students. Accordingly, exercises were developed to authentically reflect tasks and challenges a community pharmacist would regularly face in the workplace. To fulfill this part, over 2000 real prescriptions were scanned and categorized based on the main drugs included. These prescriptions were used for both activities, namely medication dispensing and clinical scenarios. Furthermore, five senior pharmacy students wrote more than 200 clinical scenarios under a clinical pharmacist's supervision. The main objectives of pharmacy practice courses were followed to cover the most important must-to-know clinical tips, whether related to giving relevant advice as an OTC recommendation, referring the patient to a primary care physician, or just providing a piece of general health advice, which is expected to be comprehensively learned by pharmacy students.

Conclusion:
This program was designed as a simulated learning environment to help students develop prescription dispensing and clinical skills. To be considered a success, this simulation needed to provide equivalent or better learning outcomes than the current practice approach, which should be assessed in the future evaluation of the software, and then be promoted accordingly.
Assessment of safe and gross total resection of intra-axial brain tumors
Authors: Baz Mahmoud Adel , Balaha Ahmed Mohammed , Elmahallawy Magdy AbdelAziz , Amer Mohamed Amer Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

Background
Safe and gross total resection (GTR) of intra-axial brain-tumor surgery is associated with improving functional outcomes, reducing symptoms, and decreasing the incidence of postoperative complications. Intraoperative imaging helps in achieving the maximum extent of resection. Intraoperative evaluation of the neurological function provides safe tumor resection in eloquent areas.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the achievement of GTR of intra-axial brain tumors guided by neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound and to evaluate the safety of tumor resection in eloquent areas with the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring or awake craniotomy.

Patients and methods
This study included 30 patients with intra-axial brain tumors in the period from September 2019 to February 2021. Neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound were used for all cases, while intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring or awake craniotomy was used for intra-axial brain tumor in eloquent area. Operative details, outcomes, and final results had been recorded and analyzed.

Results
The mean age was 42 years (4–75 years). GTR was achieved in 18/30 (60%) of all cases. GTR was achieved in 4/10 (40%) of tumors located in the eloquent area, while GTR increased to 14/20 (70%) in noneloquent areas. The mean Karnofsky performance status for all cases has improved from 80 preoperatively to 86.67 postoperatively.

Conclusion
Neuronavigation and intraoperative ultrasound provides maximization of the extent of resection of intra-axial brain tumors. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring or awake craniotomy provides safe tumor resection in eloquent areas.
Impact of severe nasal obstruction due to nasal septal deviation and hypertrophic inferior turbinates on Eustachian tube function and middle ear ventilation
Authors: Abou Elsoud Mohammed G.I. , Al Rahman Amer Mohamed Abd , Elsherif Hossam S. , Shileb Walaa H.A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Eustachian tube (ET) function and middle ear ventilation is affected by severe chronic nasal obstruction.

Aim
To study the effect of severe nasal obstruction due to nasal septal deviation and hypertrophic inferior turbinate and their correction on ET functions and middle ear ventilation.

Patients and methods
This prospective study involved 50 patients with severe nasal obstruction along with complaints of ear fullness. The nasal pathologies were surgically managed. Preoperative and postoperative impedance audiometric evaluation and nasal endoscopy were done to assess ET function.

Results
Patients included 28 (56%) males and 22 (44%) females. The age of patients ranged between 15 and 41 years, each group was divided into subtypes according to middle ear affection: group 1: severe nasal obstruction with type C: 18 ears, type B: four ears, and type A: 18 ears. Group 2: severe nasal obstruction with type C: eight ears, type B: nine ears, and type A: 17 ears. Group 3: severe nasal obstruction with type C: 17 ears, type B: five ears, and type A on tympanogram: four ears. Tympanogram was done preoperatively, and postoperatively the results were a significant improvement in ET dysfunction (P<0.05).

Conclusions
ET function and middle ear ventilation are affected by severe chronic nasal obstruction caused by deviated nasal septum and hypertrophic inferior turbinate. After septoplasty and inferior turbinate reconstruction, there was a signification improvement in nasal airway and ET function but insignificant improvement in cases with OME (Otitis Media with Effusion).
Study of hepatitis B core-related antigen as a predictor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yousri Fatma A.-Z.A. , Hamam Sarah M.A. , Ziada Dina H. , Abo-El Enein Amany M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer are the most common complications of chronic hepatitis B and therefore it is necessary to avoid these complications in high-risk patients with high replicative capability. Conventional serum indicators are insufficient for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in these patients early.

Aim
The goal of this study was to see if hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) could be used as a marker for hepatocellular cancer in people who had hepatitis B.

Patients and methods
This research was conducted on 90 people who attended the Hepatitis Outpatient Clinics at the Department of Tropical Medicine and Tanta University Educational Hospital between January 2019 and August 2020.

Results
In comparison to the control group, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients had a marked decline in hemoglobin, serum albumin, white blood cells count, and platelet count. Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotansferase (ALT), bilirubin, and international normalization ratio (INR) levels all increased considerably. Hepatocellular carcinoma and CHB patients had relatively high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alpha-feto protien (AFP) than the control group. In both patient groups, there was a strong whereas ALT. Levels was within normal values. In the HCC group, HBcrAg levels were closely linked with ALP, AFP, and DNA levels. In both patient groups, the AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score indicated a strong association.

Conclusion
As an excellent biomarker of intrahepatic cccDNA, HBcrAg demonstrated encouraging results as a potential biomarker of HCC incidence in CHB patients.
Distribution and assessment of the environmental risk of heavy metals in Aguada Blanca reservoir, Peru
Authors: Espirilla Alfonso Torres , Gómez Trinidad Betty Paredes de 
Published: August 2022

Sediments containing high concentrations of heavy metals in reservoirs, lakes and rivers, can resuspend into aquatic environments and negatively impact water quality. The concentrations of 10 elements were studied in surface sediments and water from the Aguada Blanca Reservoir, Peru, an important water source to 1,080,000 people in the arid province of Arequipa. Sediment and water samples were collected from nine points in 2019. The enrichment, accumulation, ecological risk and distribution of metals in sediment were determined, and the information on heavy metals in water was used to assess the quality of the aquatic system. Spatially, heavy metals showed variations throughout the study area, with an increase for most elements near the deepest part of the reservoir. The average concentration of Cd in sediment was 4 times higher than the natural background. In water, As was the only element that exceeded Peruvian regulations (As > 10 μg L-1). The Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) of metals in sediment presented the following order: Cd> As> Pb> Zn> Cu> Ni> Cr, with Ni and Cr being the only elements that did not present enrichment. The most considerable Igeo was Cd (1.21 ± 1.45), presenting a classification of moderately to heavily contaminated. The integrated potential ecological risk (RI) of Cd presented high values in 5 points of the reservoir. The information developed will assist in establishing effective control strategies for the quality of the aquatic system.
Keywords: heavy metals, reservoir, sediments, water quality.
Water scarcity footprint of cocoa irrigation in Bahia
Authors: Olegário Kelly Félix , Andrade Edilene Pereira , Sampaio Ana Paula Coelho , Matos Joan Sanchez , Figueirêdo Maria Cléa Brito de , Neto José Adolfo de Almeida 
Published: August 2022

This study simulated the water scarcity footprint (WSF) of cocoa irrigation in municipalities considered suitable for cocoa growing in the state of Bahia, according to agro climatic zoning. Irrigation demand was calculated using the model proposed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Subsequently, impact on water scarcity was calculated using the product of crop irrigation demand and water scarcity characterization factors of the regionalized AWARE method for Brazil. The WSF in Bahia ranged between 0.28 and 646.5 m³ of water per kilo of cocoa produced. From the defined scale, of the 417 municipalities in Bahia suitable for growing cocoa, 59% have a 'low' footprint, 18% 'medium', 10% 'high', and 12% have a 'very high' footprint. Based on these results, it is suggested that areas with lower WSF are a priority in the expansion of cocoa to avoid a possible compromise of other essential demands of the municipalities. In addition, irrigation should avoid waste, especially in regions with high levels of water scarcity. The results show that the inclusion of the WSF in agroclimatic zoning can contribute to the process of identifying potential and critical regions for new crops and the expansion of others.
Keywords: agriculture, agroclimatic zoning, AWARE, environmental indicator.
Analyzing the impact of agricultural water-demand management on water availability in the Urubu River basin – Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Volken Nicole John , Minoti Ricardo Tezini , Alves Conceição Maria de Albuquerque , Vergara Fernán Enrique 
Published: August 2022

The Urubu River is part of the Formoso River Basin located in Tocantins State in northern Brazil. It is an important agricultural region where irrigation has an important role in rice and soybean crops, cultivated during the rainy and the dry seasons, respectively. The high levels of irrigation associated with below-average precipitation in 2016 and in the following years resulted in a water crisis in the Urubu Basin, with serious consequences to the environment and the economy of the region. This work evaluated the impact of reducing irrigation on environmental flows in the Urubu River Basin using hydrological modeling in WEAP. Irrigation water demand scenarios were simulated and analyzed from July 2018 through June 2019. Results indicated the need to reduce 35% of all water withdrawls in order to avoid the interruption of flow in the Urubu River Basin. This percentage was even greater when only some of the farmers cooperated. The paper emphasized that it is important that all farmers be involved and cooperate to reduce their water withdrawal by any means, including improving their irrigation system efficiency. The water regulator may also motivate water withdrawal reduction by modifying water permits and applying water withdrawal restrictions during the dry season.
Keywords: hydrological modeling, scenario analysis, water balance.