bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition and management of clozapine adverse effects: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Gurrera Ronald J. , Gearin Priya F. , Love Jonathan , Li Kevin J. , Xu Ashley , Donaghey Faith H. , Gerace Matthew R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveClozapine is substantially underutilized in most countries and clinician factors including lack of knowledge and concerns about adverse drug effects (ADEs) contribute strongly to treatment reluctance. The aim of this systematic review was to provide clinicians with a comprehensive information source regarding clozapine ADEs.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched for English language reviews concerned with clozapine ADEs; publications identified by the automated search were manually searched for additional relevant citations. Following exclusion of redundant and irrelevant reports, pertinent information was summarized in evidence tables corresponding to each of six major ADE domains; two authors reviewed all citations for each ADE domain and summarized their content by consensus in the corresponding evidence table. This study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA principles.ResultsPrimary and secondary searches identified a total of 305 unique reports, of which 152 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most clozapine ADEs emerge within 3 months, and almost all appear within 6 months, after initiation. Notable exceptions are weight gain, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe clozapine‐induced gastrointestinal hypomotility (CIGH), clozapine‐induced cardiomyopathy (CICM), seizures, and clozapine‐induced neutropenia (CIN). Most clozapine ADEs subside gradually or respond to dose reduction; those that prompt discontinuation generally do not preclude rechallenge. Rechallenge is generally inadvisable for clozapine‐induced myocarditis (CIM), CICM, and clozapine‐induced agranulocytosis (CIA). Clozapine plasma levels >600–1000 μg/L appear more likely to cause certain ADEs (e.g., seizures) and, although there is no clear toxicity threshold, risk/benefit ratios are generally unfavorable above 1000 μg/L. CONCLUSION: Clozapine ADEs rarely require discontinuation.
A most unusual tail: Scoliosis in a wild Australian skink, and reported incidences and suggested causes of similar malformations amongst squamates
Authors: Bateman Philip W. , Benken Robyn , Glowacki Ryan , Davis Robert A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMalformations of vertebrae potentially occur across many taxa, particularly in Testudines, which are susceptible to kyphosis (dorsoventral curvature of the spine). Such malformations may stem from either genetic or environmental origins, and their prevalence and associated impacts on survival remain poorly understood. However, scoliosis (sideways curvature of the spine) is rarely reported and especially so in wild lizards. We report here on the first known case of scoliosis in a wild Australian lizard, the skink Ctenotus fallens, from Perth, Western Australia. This occurrence is the first of 805 individuals captured in a natural population monitored annually for the past 11 years. Reporting and monitoring of the frequency of such abnormalities may be a useful indicator of environmental change‐induced impacts on populations.
Varicocoele embolization with sclerosing agents leads to lower radiation exposure and procedural costs than coils: Data from a real‐life before and after study
Authors: Boeri Luca , Fulgheri Irene , Cristina Marco , Biondetti Pierpaolo , Rossi Silvia , Grimaldi Elena , Lucignani Gianpaolo , Gadda Franco , Ierardi Anna Maria , Salonia Andrea , Viganò Paola , Somigliana Edgardo , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Montanari Emanuele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate clinical outcomes, radiation exposure and procedural costs associated with percutaneous varicocoele embolization using coils and sclerosing agents (SAs) in a cohort of young‐adult men.Materials and methodsData from consecutive men treated with percutaneous varicocoele embolization using coils and SA between 2017 and 2021 were analyzed. The allocation was based on a change of policy occurred in June 2020 with the substitution of coils with SA (before and after study). Semen analysis values were based on 2010 WHO reference criteria. Anatomic variants of gonadal veins were categorized according to Jargiello et al. Intraoperative radiation dose and procedural costs were collected for each patient. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were used to describe the association between clinical parameters with procedural costs and radiation exposure.ResultsOne hundred sixteen men were included, of whom 76 (65.5%) received coils, and 40 (34.5%) received SA. Baseline characteristics of the two study groups did not differ. A type 3 Jargiello anatomic variation of left gonadal vein was found in 45.7% of cases. Radiation dose was lower in the SA group as compared to the coils one (13.2 [7–43] vs. 19.8 [12–57] Gy/cm2; p < 0.001). Similarly, procedural costs were lower for the SA group (169.6 [169–199] € vs. 642.5 [561–775] €; p < 0.001). At follow‐up, pain and sperm variables significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.01), without differences among the embolic materials. Linear regression model revealed that coils use was associated with higher radiation exposure (beta 8.8, p = 0.02) than SA after accounting for anatomic variation of gonadal vein, body mass index, and vascular access.ConclusionsSA and coils for varicocoele embolization are equally safe and effective. The use of SA was associated with lower radiation exposure and procedural costs than coils. These results should be considered in terms of public health cost and patient's safety.
Gastrectomy mortality in Australia
Authors: Davis Sean S. , Noll Darcy , Patel Prajay , Maloney Ryan T. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in medical management and endoscopic therapy, gastrectomy remains an important yet high‐risk procedure for a range of benign and malignant upper gastrointestinal pathologies. No study has previously analysed Australian gastrectomy perioperative mortality rate (POMR). This retrospective, population‐based cohort study was conducted to determine the Australian national gastrectomy POMR, allowing state‐based and regional trends and outcomes to be assessed.MethodsLogistic regression models were compared using de‐identified procedural data between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2017 from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Codes relating to total and subtotal gastrectomy contained in the Australian Classification of Health Interventions were used to extract patient data. Mortality rates were risk adjusted for age and gender. Temporal trends and differences between states/territories and regions were investigated.ResultsThe national average POMR throughout the study period was 2.1%. For subtotal gastrectomy, the national mean POMR was 1.1%, decreasing from 2.7% (2005) to 1.3% (2017). For total gastrectomy, the national mean POMR was 2.8%, decreasing from 3.3% (2005) to 1.7% (2017). POMR significantly reduced over time without variation between states or regions. Procedure volume steadily reduced in rural centres with a concomitant increase in metropolitan centres over time.ConclusionPleasingly, the Australian gastrectomy POMR is favourable when compared to international cohorts. Improved outcomes were consistent between states and territories, and metropolitan and regional centres. Progressive metropolitan centralization of gastrectomy was demonstrated without evidence of improved outcomes.
Choroidal arteriovenous anastomoses: a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy and other pachychoroid disease spectrum abnormalities
Authors: Brinks Joost , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Meijer Onno C. , Schlingemann Reinier O. , Boon Camiel J. F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) includes several chorioretinal diseases that share specific choroidal abnormalities. Although their pathophysiological basis is poorly understood, diseases that are part of the PDS have been hypothesized to be the result of venous congestion. Within the PDS, central serous chorioretinopathy is the most common condition associated with vision loss, due to an accumulation of subretinal fluid in the macula. Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by distinct risk factors, most notably a high prevalence in males and exposure to corticosteroids. Interestingly, sex differences and corticosteroids are also strongly associated with specific types of arteriovenous anastomoses in the human body, including dural arteriovenous fistula and surgically created arteriovenous shunts. In this manuscript, we assess the potential of such arteriovenous anastomoses in the choroid as a causal mechanism of the PDS. We propose how this may provide a novel unifying concept on the pathophysiological basis of the PDS, and present cases in which this mechanism may play a role.
A very low prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection but a high prevalence of other respiratory virus infections in children admitted to paediatric emergency departments
Authors: Viart Juliette , Engelmann Ilka , Joannes Flora , Gras‐Le Guen Christèle , Haas Hervé , Chinazzo Marie , Cantais Aymeric , Gatin Amélie , Brehin Camille , Benhalima Ilyes , Ouafi Mahdi , Martinot Alain , Dubos François 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and other respiratory viruses among children admitted to paediatric emergency departments (PEDs).MethodsFrom April to July 2020, a prospective, multicentre cohort study was conducted in the PEDs of eight French university hospitals. Regardless of the reason for admission, a nasopharyngeal swab sample from each child was screened using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses. We determined the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses and identified risk factors associated with a positive test.ResultsOf the 924 included children (median [interquartile range] age: 4 years [1–9]; boys: 55%), 908 (98.3%) were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2. Only three samples were positive (0.3%; 95% confidence interval: 0.1–1) and none of these children had symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. Of the 836 samples (90%) tested for other viruses, 129 (15.4%) were positive (primarily rhinovirus). Respiratory viruses were significantly more common in young children and in children with respiratory tract symptoms and fever.ConclusionThe prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 among children admitted to emergency departments was low. In contrast, and despite social distancing and other protective measures, the prevalence of other respiratory viruses detection was high.
HDAC3 inhibition improves urinary‐concentrating defect in hypokalaemia by promoting AQP2 transcription
Authors: Xu Long , Xie Haixia , Hu Shan , Zhao Xiaoduo , Han Mengke , Liu Qiaojuan , Feng Pinning , Wang Weidong , Li Chunling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether enhanced histone acetylation, achieved by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), could prevent decreased aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) expression during hypokalaemia.MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed a potassium‐free diet with or without 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA) or the selective HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 for 4 days. Primary renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells and immortalized mouse cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells were cultured in potassium‐deprivation medium with or without HDAC inhibitors.Results4‐PBA increased the levels of AQP2 mRNA and protein in the kidney inner medullae in hypokalaemic (HK) rats, which was associated with decreased urine output and increased urinary osmolality. The level of acetylated H3K27 (H3K27ac) protein was decreased in the inner medullae of HK rat kidneys; this decrease was mitigated by 4‐PBA. The H3K27ac levels were decreased in IMCD and mpkCCD cells cultured in potassium‐deprivation medium. Decreased H3K27ac in the Aqp2 promoter region was associated with reduced Aqp2 mRNA levels. HDAC3 protein expression was upregulated in mpkCCD and IMCD cells in response to potassium deprivation, and the binding of HDAC3 to the Aqp2 promoter was also increased. RGFP966 increased the levels of H3K27ac and AQP2 proteins and enhanced binding between H3K27ac and AQP2 in mpkCCD cells. Furthermore, RGFP966 reversed the hypokalaemia‐induced downregulation of AQP2 and H3K27ac and alleviated polyuria in rats. RGFP966 increased interstitial osmolality in the kidney inner medullae of HK rats but did not affect urinary cAMP levels.ConclusionHDAC inhibitors prevented the downregulation of AQP2 induced by potassium deprivation, probably by enhancing H3K27 acetylation.
Digital surveillance in a pandemic response: What bioethics ought to learn from Indigenous perspectives
Authors: Hendl Tereza , Roxanne Tiara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur paper interrogates the ethics of digital pandemic surveillance from Indigenous perspectives. The COVID‐19 pandemic has shown that Indigenous peoples are among the communities most negatively affected by pandemic infectious disease spread. Similarly to other racialized subpopulations, Indigenous people have faced strikingly high mortality rates from COVID‐19 owing to structural marginalization and related comorbidities, and these high rates have been exacerbated by past and present colonial dominance. At the same time, digital pandemic surveillance technologies, which have been promoted as effective tools for mitigating a pandemic, carry risks for Indigenous subpopulations that warrant an urgent and thorough investigation. Building on decolonial scholarship and debates about Indigenous data sovereignty, we argue that should Indigenous communities wish to implement digital pandemic surveillance, then they must have ownership over these technologies, including agency over their own health data, how data are collected and stored, and who will have access to the data. Ideally, these tools should be designed by Indigenous peoples themselves to ensure compatibility with Indigenous cultures, ethics and languages and the protection of Indigenous lives, health and wellbeing.
Mapping from proximity traces to socio‐spatial behaviours and student progression at the school
Authors: Yan Lixiang , Martinez‐Maldonado Roberto , Gallo Cordoba Beatriz , Deppeler Joanne , Corrigan Deborah , Gašević Dragan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying students facing difficulties and providing them with timely support is one of the educator's key responsibilities. Yet, this task is becoming increasingly challenging as the complexity of physical learning spaces grows, along with the emergence of novel educational technologies and classroom designs. There has been substantial research and development work focused on identifying student social behaviours in digital platforms (eg, the learning management system) as predictors of academic progression. However, little work has investigated such relationships in physical learning spaces. This study explores the potential of using wearable trackers for the early detection of low‐progress students based on their social and spatial (socio‐spatial) behaviours at the school. Positioning data from 98 primary school students and six teachers were automatically captured over a period of eight weeks. Fourteen socio‐spatial behavioural features were extracted and processed using a set of machine learning classifiers to model students’ learning progression. Results illustrate the potential of prospectively identifying low‐progress students from these features and the importance of adapting classroom learning analytics to differences in pedagogical designs.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Learning analytics research on predicting students’ academic progression is emerging in both digital and physical learning spaces.

Students’ social behaviours in learning activities is a key factor in predicting their academic progression.

Emerging sensing technologies can provide opportunities to study students’ real‐time social behaviours in physical learning spaces.

What this paper adds

Fourteen progression‐related socio‐spatial behavioural features are extracted from students’ physical (x‐y) positioning traces.

Predictive learning analytics that achieved 81% accuracy in prospectively identifying low‐progress students from their real‐time socio‐spatial behaviours.

Empirical evidence to support the need for classroom learning analytics to have instructional sensitivity (ie, be calibrated according to the learning design).

Implications for practice and/or policy

Sensing technologies and machine learning algorithms can be used to capture and generate valuable insights about higher‐order learning constructs (eg, performance and collaboration) from students' physical positioning traces in classrooms.

Researchers and practitioners should be cautious with generalised classification algorithms and predictive learning analytics that do not account for the pedagogical differences between different subjects or learning designs.

Researchers and practitioners should consider the potentially unforeseen ethical issues that can emerge in using sensing technologies and predictive learning analytics in authentic, physical classroom settings.
Glial activation in prion diseases is selectively triggered by neuronal PrPSc
Authors: Lakkaraju Asvin K. K. , Sorce Silvia , Senatore Assunta , Nuvolone Mario , Guo Jingjing , Schwarz Petra , Moos Rita , Pelczar Pawel , Aguzzi Adriano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough prion infections cause cognitive impairment and neuronal death, transcriptional and translational profiling shows progressive derangement within glia but surprisingly little changes within neurons. Here we expressed PrPC selectively in neurons and astrocytes of mice. After prion infection, both astrocyte and neuron‐restricted PrPC expression led to copious brain accumulation of PrPSc. As expected, neuron‐restricted expression was associated with typical prion disease. However, mice with astrocyte‐restricted PrPC expression experienced a normal life span, did not develop clinical disease, and did not show astro‐ or microgliosis. Besides confirming that PrPSc is innocuous to PrPC‐deficient neurons, these results show that astrocyte‐born PrPSc does not activate the extreme neuroinflammation that accompanies the onset of prion disease and precedes any molecular changes of neurons. This points to a nonautonomous mechanism by which prion‐infected neurons instruct astrocytes and microglia to acquire a specific cellular state that, in turn, drives neural dysfunction.
COVID‐19 pandemic and economic scenarios for Ontario
Authors: Casares Miguel , Gomme Paul , Khan Hashmat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo study the efficacy of the public policy response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we develop a model of the rich interactions between epidemiology and socioeconomic choices. Preferences feature a “fear of death” that lead individuals to reduce their social activity and work time in the face of the pandemic. The aggregate effect of these reductions is to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus. We calibrate the model, including public policies, to developments in Ontario in the spring of 2020. The model fits the epidemiological data quite well, including the second wave starting in late 2020. We find that socioeconomic interventions work well in the short term, resulting in a rapid drop‐off in new cases. The long run, however, is governed chiefly by health developments. Welfare cost calculations point to synergies between the health and socioeconomic measures.
Comparing Trudeau and Harper Canadian federal appointments to agencies, boards, and commissions
Authors: Miljan Lydia , Romualdi Tyler 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article assesses the outcome of the Liberal reforms to the Canadian public appointments policy after Justin Trudeau vowed to enhance the diversity of federal board members. We compare 1,174 Liberal Governor‐in‐Council (GIC) with 1,409 GIC appointments made by the Conservative government during its final term in office. Examining all appointees’ place of residence, educational background, occupational history, Indigeneity, and estimated ethnicity revealed that public member representation within federal agencies, boards, and commissions has shifted. Consequently, we find that the Trudeau government succeeded in its quest to enhance equity, diversity, and inclusion considerations more effectively than its predecessor, albeit with room for progress.
Liver pathological alterations in fetal rabbit model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Pelizzo Gloria , Peiro José L. , Villanacci Vincenzo , Sbragia Laurenço , Oria Marc , De Silvestri Annalisa , Mazzon Emanuela , Calcaterra Valeria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo date, fetal liver implication is not a well‐understood phenomenon in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We evaluated the fetal morphologic changes on liver growth after surgical procedure in CDH experimental model. A diaphragmatic defect at gestational day E25 and tracheal occlusion (TO) at E27 were surgically created in rabbit fetuses. Five experimental groups were assessed: control group, left CDH, right CDH, CDH + TO, and TO alone. Body and organ growth were measured. For histological evaluation of the CDH effect, liver sections were collected. Left‐CDH group had livers with increased leukocyte infiltration in comparison with controls (p = 0.02). Increased capillary sinusoid congestion and hepatocyte vacuolation were greater in left‐CDH compared with the right‐CDH group (p = 0.05). Capillary sinusoid congestion and interstitial edema were more evident in the left‐CDH compared with CDH + TO group (p = 0.05). Increases in sinusoid congestion, hepatocyte vacuolation, and interstitial edema were also greater in the CDH + TO compared with controls (p ≤ 0.02). Intrathoracic liver weight was higher in right‐CDH compared with left‐CDH group (p < 0.001). Total lung weights (TLW) were significantly lower in both left‐CDH compared with controls (p < 0.001), CDH + TO (p = 0.01), and TO (p < 0.01) and in right‐CDH compared with CDH + TO (p < 0.01) and TO (p < 0.01). Decreased kidney and heart weights were also recorded. Hemodynamics and structural fetal liver changes in laterality were noted in CDH model. Regulation of intrathoracic liver weights seems to be disturbed by the absence of diaphragmic contact. Pulmonary injury is supported by the effect of a first hit, while the growth of internal organs suggests a multisystemic remodeling related to the fetal adaptation.