bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic reliability of serum active vitamin B12 (holo-transcobalamin) in true evaluation of vitamin B12 deficiency:Relevance in current perspective
Authors: Dastidar Rinini , Sikder Kunal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Measurement of total vitamin B12 (vit B12) concentration raised concerns over early detection of vit B12 deficiency due to its clinical unreliability. In this present article we aimed to assess the efficacy of active vit B12 for the detection of true vit B12 deficiency. This retrospective study included 100 participants referred for vit B12 assay. Serum total vit B12, active vit B12 and homocysteine were estimated.
Results
Our study showed 59% of the total participants with vit B12 deficiency (185 ± 64.62 pg/ml) and 18% with hyper-cobalaminemia (1666.9 ± 367.13 pg/ml) based on their total vit B12 concentrations. A comparative study on total vit B12 and active vit B12 was done which reflected a striking disparity in results. Active vit B12 reported 28.8% patients with vit B12 deficiency (19.8 ± 17.48 pg/ml) and only 16.6% patients with hyper-cobalaminemia (224.14 ± 10 pg/ml). Active vit B12 appeared to be more sensitive (82.35%vs 65%) and specific (46.6% vs 43.8%) diagnostic marker compared to total vit B12. Pearson Correlation study indicated a strong positive correlation (r = 0.695 at p < 0.01) hence justified use of the two methods. Therefore, we claim that active vit B12 is a much more reliable biomarker than total vit B12 for early diagnosis of vit B12 deficiency.
Systemic management of water resources with environmental and climate change considerations
Authors: Sadeghi Behnam , Borazjani Mahmoud Ahmadpour , Mardani Mostafa , Ziaee Saman , mohammadi hamid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to water scarcity and its various uses, managing the supply and demand of resources in catchments is challenging. Therefore, modeling water resources and uses in catchments with a complex hydro system is essential. In the present study, modeling was performed for the southeastern part of the Aras River catchment area located in Iran. In this area, due to the implementation of policies to increase the cultivation area and the need to provide environmental water rights, there is intense competition for water, and this situation causes a lack of water supply for some sectors. In this study, water supply and demand in five sub-basins of Aras River were investigated using the WEAP MABIA model. four separate scenarios, including reference scenario (S1), reference scenario with a priority of meeting environmental demands (S2), and climate scenarios (S3, S4) under general circulation models (GCMs) based on the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) for the near (2021-2040), the middle (2041-2020) and the far (2061-2080) future periods were produced. Scenarios S3 and S4 considered the policy of increasing efficiency and the cultivated area to evaluate the response of sub-basins to changes in demand. The simulation results of scenario S1 show that the current water resources provide the existing requirements in wet years but are insufficient in dry years and years when the cultivated area has increased. Water shortage will also rise due to the policy of increasing the cultivated area and the impact of climate change, especially in scenarios S3 and S4. The results also indicated that in scenarios S3 and S4 in comparison with scenarios S1 and S2 the rate of lack of environmental water rights and the deficit of three aquifers in the study area has increased significantly, which requires the adoption of appropriate management policies to achieve sustainable water resources for all subsections.
Occipital encephalocele at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: AKILIMALI Aymar , CAKWIRA Hugues , BYIRINGIRO Elysée , Charmant Samuel MAYUWANO , ONESIME Jones , vérité CYUBAHIRO KARANGWA 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundOccipital encephalocele is a rare congenital malformation, it is an anomaly of the brain and skull. It is defined as a defect of closure of the neural tube and it is associated with a hernia of the cerebral tissue outside the skull during the period of fetal development. Encephalocele affects between 0.4 and 4 cases per 10,000 births.The caseWe documented the case of a female Newborn from a full-term pregnancy and eutocic delivery, the baby was born eutrophic. She was admitted on the third day of life, followed for occipital encephalocele, and hospitalized in the neonatology department for specialized clinical and paraclinical monitoring while awaiting surgery. Surgery was performed in several stages, an occipital plasty with repositioning of the bulging area in the skull, removing protrusions, correcting deformities, and relieving the pressure that could interfere with the physiological development of the brain by a ventriculoperitoneal diversion of cerebrospinal fluid on the sixth day of life. This innervation involved the participation of different teams for optimal management. The patient did not develop any early postoperative complications and remained under observation in the neonatology department. His clinical evolution continued to improve in the days after the cure of the encephalocele.ConclusionThis case report demonstrates that folic acid intake during pregnancy can prevent the occurrence of the anomaly and that early repair significantly increases the child's vital and functional prognosis of the nervous system.
Impact of ropivacaine volume and concentration on functional recovery following surgical treatment of hip fractures: a randomized, observer-masked, controlled trial
Authors: Huang Ying , Dong Chun-Shan , Lu Yao , Wang Jun , Lu Qiang , Bao Hai-Feng , Liu Lang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a novel regional anaesthesia technique aiming to provide better hip analgesia without hampering motor function . However, the factor of pain on muscle strength cannot be ruled out and unexpected motor block has still been observed clinically. So it is unknown whether the motor-reservation is partly due to the effect of pain reduction and it is unknown whether this unexpected motor block is caused by the inappropriate dose of ropivacaine.Methods: We investigated the ropivacaine volume and concentration effect on muscle strength and analgesia. With ethical committee approval, 90 consenting patients undergoing surgical treatment of hip fractures were randomly allocated to receive one of three volume/concentration combinations of ropivacaine (20 ml/0.5%, 20 ml/0.25% and 10 ml/0.5%). The primary outcome measure was postoperative quadriceps strength using the knee extension test and Oxford muscle strength grading 12, with grouped scores of intact (5/5), reduced (1-4/5) and absent (0/5) measured at 6 and 12 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores (0-10 numeric rating scale), blood pressure, patient movement assessments, patient satisfaction and side effects.Results: Overall, 10 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine resulted in a lower incidence of quadriceps motor block at 6 hours (76.7% vs. 40.0% vs. 46.7%; p<0.05), 12 hours (86.7% vs. 53.3% vs. 53.3%; p<0.05). No intergroup differences were found in terms of postoperative pain scores at any interval (p>0.05). Similarly, we found no signiﬁcant differences in resting pain or exercise pain among the three groups . Conclusions: As for the PENG block, the effect of pain on muscle strength can be ruled out. Unexpected motor block of PENG block may be caused by inappropriate dose of ropivacaine. We found that 10 ml 0.5% ropivacaine resulted in better muscle strength, considering the significance of rapid rehabilitation, we recommend performing PENG block with 10 ml 0.5%Trial registration: ChiCTR2100052511 . Register Date 2021/10/30
Ex-situ catalytic cracking of gasifier tar using Ni-loaded pigeonpea stalk char catalyst
Authors: Mandal Sandip , Jena Prakash Chandra , Gangil Sandip , Pal Surendra , Haydary Juma 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Tar in producer gas causes detrimental effects in downstream pipelines in gasifier based power generation system. Ni-supported char based catalysts have been proven to be effective and low-cost solution for cracking of tar. Use of simple method to make the catalyst with locally available biomaterial and its optimization can effectively solve this problem.
Methods
This paper includes efficacy of ex-situ catalytic cracking temperature, Ni-loading, particle size of char catalyst and catalyst bed depth on cracking efficiency. Producer gas generated from pigeonpea stalk pellets using a laboratory scale downdraft gasifier was passed through a hot catalyst bed in an ex-situ reactor. Taguchi method was used for de-compositional analysis of the variables affecting tar-cracking efficiency.
Results
Experiments showed increase in cracking efficiency with increasing temperature, Ni loading, bed depth and with decrease in particle size. Optimum values of operating parameters were 700 °C catalyst bed temperature, 0.3 M Ni loading, 5–10 mm particle size and 400 mm bed depth. Improvement in gas composition with the increase in Ni-loading was observed.
Conclusion
These findings confirmed that using pigeonpea stalk char supported with Ni, tar in producer gas can be decomposed to the tune of 84% at 600°C which can be easily achievable at the peripheral space of oxidation zone in a downdraft gasifier. With further increase in temperature to 700°C and using low size of 1–5 mm catalysts cracking efficiency can be achieved up to 93%. Catalytic cracking also improved the quality of producer gas.
Effects of the material properties and thickness on the minimum formable radius in the subtle feature forming process
Authors: Chung Yun-Chan , YU Jae-Hyeong , Jung Kyu-Seok , Song Yong-Ho , Jeon Young-Bae , Kim Young-Jae , Jun Sung-Min , Kwon Sung-Oh , LEE Chang-Whan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The subtle feature geometry, also called a feature line, is considered an important geometric characteristic of automotive outer panels. The influences of material properties and thickness on the radius of curvature of subtle features were investigated in this study. First, the stamping process was simplified to a combined forming process between tensile and bending deformation. Subsequently, test materials, namely, 180B2, 210B2, CR2, CR3, and CR4, with various thickness values were adopted in the finite element analysis and experiments. In addition, the radius of curvature with respect to the material, thickness, punch radius, and punch angle was studied. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results for verification. From this comparison, it was found that the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the forming characteristics of the subtle feature-forming process were investigated to determine the effects of the material properties and thickness on the radius of curvature. The reason for the minimum formable radius when the radius of the punch was zero was studied. The results showed that, as the material thickness increased, more concentrated deformation occurred in the central region. In contrast, the radius of curvature of the subtle features increased as the thickness of the central region decreased. Similarly, decreased n-value results were identified for the same reason as the increased radius of curvature.
Exploring the chaotic relationships of Annelida produced by mitogenomic data: skew inversions and their effect on evolutionary studies
Authors: Lei Hong-Peng , Jakovlić Ivan , Zou Hong , Zhang Dong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSeveral studies have shown that the phylogeny of Annelida is pronouncedly data- and methodology-influenced. Inversions of the origin of replication (ORI) in mitochondrial genomes may interfere with phylogenetic reconstruction, as well as other evolutionary studies in Arthropoda. ORI events and their impacts on evolutionary analyses remain very poorly understood in other metazoan lineages. This also includes the Annelida, in which a handful of studies merely reported inverted base composition skews in isolated lineages.ResultsWe observed that some of the inverted-skew species exhibited long branches and ‘rogue’ behaviour in phylogenetic analyses. This made us hypothesise that ORI events may be a major factor interfering with phylogenetic reconstruction in Annelida. We first inferred the evolutionary history of ORI events in Annelida on a dataset comprising almost all available annelid mitogenomes (174). We identified twelve new ORI species and six ORI events in total. Most ORI events occurred at lower taxonomic levels (species, genus, family), but one was mapped to a common ancestor of sister-families Sabellidae & Serpulidae, and one to the entire suborder Hirudiniformes. In comparison to non-ORI lineages, ORI lineages exhibited a higher: mutational saturation, number of nonsynonymous substitutions, dN/dS ratios, hydropathicity of the translated gene products, and compositional heterogeneity; but a lower codon bias index. They also exhibited relaxed purifying selection pressures. We found several putative examples of ORI events causing artefactual clustering of lineages with homoplastic base composition biases in phylogenetic analyses. We attempted several different strategies aimed at stabilizing the topology, such as the removal of ORI species and third codon sites, but none of these managed to fully stabilize the topology.ConclusionsWe inferred the evolutionary history of skews in annelids and explored the underlying mechanisms by which ORI events may cause artefactual clustering. We conclude that ORI events may be one of the causes for the chaotic relationships of Annelida. In the context of currently available strategies for phylogenetic reconstruction, mitogenomes are not suitable for studying the phylum-level and class-level phylogeny of Annelida. Given the strong evidence that ORIs may interfere with evolutionary studies in annelids, researchers should pay close attention to indications of skew inversions.
Molecular mapping and characterization of QTLs for grain quality traits in a RIL population of US rice under high nighttime temperature stress
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Thomas Julie , Gill Navdeep , Dwiningsih Yheni , Ruiz Charles , Famoso Adam , Pereira Andy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Elevated nighttime temperatures resulting from climate change significantly impact the rice crop worldwide. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant is highly sensitive to high nighttime temperature (HNT) during grain-filling (reproductive stage). HNT stress negatively affects grain quality traits and has a major impact on the value of the harvested rice crop. In addition, along with grain dimensions determining rice grain market classes, the grain appearance and quality traits determine the rice grain market value. During the last few years, there has been a major concern for rice growers and the rice industry over the prevalence of rice grains opacity and the reduction of grain dimensions affected by HNT stress. Hence, the improvement of heat-stress tolerance to maintain grain quality of the rice crop under HNT stress will bolster future rice value in the market. In this study, 185 F11-recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two US rice cultivars, Cypress (HNT-tolerant) and LaGrue (HNT-sensitive) were screened for the grain quality traits grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and percent chalkiness (%chalk) under control and HNT stress conditions and evaluated to identify the genomic regions associated with the grain quality traits. In total, there were 15 QTLs identified; 6 QTLs represented under control condition explaining 3.33–8.27% of the phenotypic variation, with additive effects ranging from − 0.99 to 0.0267 on six chromosomes and 9 QTLs represented under HNT stress elucidating 6.39 to 51.53% of the phenotypic variation, with additive effects ranging from − 8.8 to 0.028 on nine chromosomes for GL, GW, and % chalk. These 15 QTLs were further characterized and scanned for natural genetic variation in a japonica diversity panel (JDP) to identify candidate genes for GL, GW, and %chalk. We found 6,160 high impact single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) characterized as such depending on their type, region, functional class, position, and proximity to the gene and/or gene features, and 149 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 51Mbp genomic region comprising of the 15 QTLs. Out of which, 11 potential candidate genes showed high impact SNP associations. Therefore, the analysis of the mapped QTLs and their genetic dissection in the US grown japonica rice genotypes at genomic and transcriptomic levels provide deep insights into genetic variation beneficial to rice breeders and geneticists for understanding the mechanisms related to grain quality under heat stress in rice.
Enabling pathways for sustainable livelihoods in planned relocation
Authors: Bower Erica , Badamikar Anvesh , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Field Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The planned relocation of entire communities to less hazard-exposed destinations is an increasingly salient climate change adaptation strategy, yet often results in maladaptive livelihood outcomes. Drawing on data from fourteen completed flood-related relocation cases, we assessed planning decisions (community engagement, site distance, scale, speed, and transfer dynamics) and outcomes in terms of changes to relocated people’s access to physical, economic, natural, human, social, and cultural assets. Through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we investigated how such decisions, alone and taken together, contributed to sustainable livelihood outcomes. We find that relocation processes initiated and driven by community members had better outcomes than government driven processes. Speed and transfer dynamics were also critical, although varied for small and large communities. As a result, multiple pathways of planning decisions can lead to improved outcomes, highlighting potential entry points for policy to promote more sustainable and people-centered planned relocation.
Investigation of chip formation of Ti-6Al-4V in oxygen-free atmosphere
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bergmann Benjamin , Schaper Florian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys have high strength at low density, good corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the use of titanium materials is well established in high performance applications such as aerospace and biomedical. However, titanium and titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V have low thermal conductivity, exhibit unfavorable chip formation with typical segmented chips, and have high chemical affinity to surrounding elements such as oxygen. Tool wear and the properties of the component surface and sub-surface are significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen and resulting chemical interactions. Among other things, chemical reactions such as oxidation occur due to the high temperatures and presence of oxygen. In this work, the chip formation of Ti-6Al-4V at different cutting speeds in discontinuous orthogonal cutting process under different atmospheres is investigated. A conventional air atmosphere, a pure argon atmosphere, and a silane-doped atmosphere were used. The oxygen content of the silandoped argon atmosphere corresponds to an extremely high vacuum (XHV), which is practically oxygen-free. It was found that chip formation is affected by the surrounding atmosphere. At the cutting speed vc = 80 m/min, non-periodic segmentation is present under oxygen-free atmosphere, while segmental chip formation occurs under air. This is accompanied by up to 16.5% lower feed force under inert gas atmosphere, which is due to reduced friction caused by the use of an oxygen-free atmosphere.
Community Dialogue Meetings among District Leaders Improved Their Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Western Uganda, May 2021
Authors: Nsubuga Edirisa Juniour , Fitzmaurice Arthur G. , Komakech Allan , Odoi Tom Dias , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Kwesiga Benon , Elyanu Peter James , Ario Alex Riolexus , Harris Julie R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Widespread COVID-19 vaccine uptake can facilitate epidemic control. A February 2021 study in Uganda suggested that public vaccine uptake would follow uptake among leaders. In May 2021, Baylor Uganda led community dialogue meetings with district leaders from Western Uganda to promote vaccine uptake. We assessed the effect of these meetings on the leaders’ COVID-19 risk perception, vaccine concerns, perception of vaccine benefits and access, and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.
Methods
All departmental district leaders in the 17 districts in Western Uganda, were invited to the meetings, which lasted approximately four hours. Printed reference materials about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines were provided to attendees at the start of the meetings. The same topics were discussed in all meetings. Before and after the meetings, leaders completed self-administered questionnaires with questions on a five-point Likert Scale about risk perception, vaccine concerns, perceived vaccine benefits, vaccine access, and willingness to receive the vaccine. We analyzed the findings using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test.
Results
Among 268 attendees, 164 (61%) completed the pre- and post-meeting questionnaires, 56 (21%) declined to complete the questionnaires due to time constraints and 48 (18%) were already vaccinated. Among the 164, the median COVID-19 risk perception scores changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (strong agreement with being at high risk) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Vaccine concern scores reduced, with medians changing from 4 (worried about vaccine side effects) pre-meeting to 2 (not worried) post-meeting (p < 0.001). Median scores regarding perceived COVID-19 vaccine benefits changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (very beneficial) post-meeting (p < 0.001). The median scores for perceived vaccine access increased from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (very accessible) post-meeting (p < 0.001). The median scores for willingness to receive the vaccine changed from 3 (neutral) pre-meeting to 5 (strong willingness) post-meeting (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
COVID-19 dialogue meetings led to district leaders’ increased risk perception, reduced concerns, and improvement in perceived vaccine benefits, vaccine access, and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. These could potentially influence public vaccine uptake if leaders are vaccinated publicly as a result. Broader use of such meetings with leaders could increase vaccine uptake among themselves and the community.