bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of orthorexia nervosa tendency and fear of COVID-19 in university students receiving health education
Authors: Uzdil Zeynep , Üstüner Ayça Sevdanur 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate level of fear and the tendency toward orthorexia nervosa (ON) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the university students receiving health education.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 765 students, consisting of 626 females (81.8%) and 139 males (18.2%) were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the tendency toward ON were assessed using an online questionnaire.

Findings
The FCV-19S scores differed according to gender and were higher in the female students (P < 0.001). In students with a high EAT-26 score, the tendency toward ON was higher (P < 0.001). According to estimated regression models, a unit increase of the FCV-19S scores led to a decrease of 0.10 points in the Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale-11 (ORTO-11) scores. It was determined that students with high FCV-19S scores had a tendency toward ON and increased EAT-26 scores (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). There was a weak negative correlation between the FCV-19S score and the ORTO-11 score (P < 0.001) and a weak positive correlation between the FCV-19S score and the EAT-26 score (P = 0.001).

Originality
In this cross-sectional study, it was determined that the fear of COVID-19 was related to an increase in the tendency toward ON and eating attitude in students receiving health education. Because of the fear and ON tendencies of students due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it would be beneficial to provide education on adequate and balanced nutrition during this period.
Strong variation in frequencies of male and female determiners between neighboring housefly populations
Authors: Li Xuan , Lin Fangfei , van de Zande Louis , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSex‐determination mechanisms evolve rapidly and vary between species. Occasionally, polymorphic systems are found, like in the housefly. Studying the dynamics and stability of such systems can provide a better understanding of the evolution of sex‐determination systems. In the housefly, dominant male‐determining loci (M) can lie not only on the Y chromosome (MY), but also on autosomes (MA) or the X chromosome (MX). M enforces male development by inhibiting the female‐determining gene transformer (tra). A mutant tra allele, traD, is insensitive to M and is a dominant female determiner. MY prevails at high latitudes and polymorphic M loci together with traD at low latitudes. To get more insight into the stability and frequencies of these sex determiners with mutually exclusive dominance, we investigated 5 regional Spanish populations. We found strong variation among populations. Two populations with hemizygous MIII were found, 2 contained homozygous MX with additional hemizygous MI and MII in 1 population. One population contained homozygous and hemizygous MX with additionally hemizygous MII. All females in populations with homozygous M, had traD, whereas no traD was found in populations without homozygous M. Our results indicate locally stable systems may either harbor a single hemizygous M and no traD, corresponding to a male heterogametic system, or homozygous and/or multiple M and heterozygous traD, reminiscent of a female heterogametic system. They support that M loci can accumulate in the presence of a dominant female determiner. Limited migration between populations may contribute to the stability of these systems.
Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion caused by breast and ovarian cancer: A systematic literature review and pooled analysis
Authors: Karampinis Ioannis , Dionysopoulou Anna , Galata Christian , Almstedt Katrin , Grilli Maurizio , Hasenburg Annette , Roessner Eric D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesBreast and ovarian cancer account for over 30% of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Treatment of the metastatic disease requires control of the MPE. Even though primarily symptomatic, the treatment of the MPE can potentially affect the oncological course of the disease. The aim of this review is to analyze the effectiveness of intrathoracic chemotherapy in the treatment of MPE caused by breast and ovarian cancer.MethodsA systematic literature research was conducted up until May 2021. Studies published in English on patients undergoing either surgical or interventional intrapleural chemotherapy were included.ResultsThirteen studies with a total of 497 patients were included. Analysis was performed on 169 patients with MPE due to breast cancer and eight patients with MPE secondary to ovarian cancer. The pooled success rates of intrathoracic chemotherapy for controlling the MPE were 59.1% and 87.5%, respectively. A survival analysis was not possible with the available data. The overall toxicity of the treatment was low.ConclusionsIntrathoracic chemotherapy achieves symptomatic control of the MPE in 59.1% of patients with metastatic breast cancer and 87.5% of patients with metastatic ovarian cancer. This is inferior to other forms of surgical pleurodesis. Data from small case series and studies on intraperitoneal chemotherapy show promising results. However, formal oncological studies on the use of intrathoracic chemotherapy for metastatic breast or ovarian cancer are lacking. Further prospective pilot studies are needed to assess the therapeutic oncological effects of this treatment.
Intelligent high‐throughput intervention testing platform in Daphnia
Authors: Cho Yongmin , Jonas‐Closs Rachael A. , Yampolsky Lev Y. , Kirschner Marc W. , Peshkin Leonid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a novel platform for testing the effects of interventions on the life‐ and healthspan of a short‐lived freshwater organism with complex behavior and physiology—the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna. Within this platform, dozens of complex behavioral features of both routine motion and response to stimuli are continuously quantified over large synchronized cohorts via an automated phenotyping pipeline. We build predictive machine‐learning models calibrated using chronological age and extrapolate onto phenotypic age. We further apply the model to estimate the phenotypic age under pharmacological perturbation. Our platform provides a scalable framework for drug screening and characterization in both life‐long and instant assays as illustrated using a long‐term dose‐response profile of metformin and a short‐term assay of well‐studied substances such as caffeine and alcohol.
From binge eating to binge drinking: A new and robust paradigm for assessing binge ethanol self‐administration in male rats
Authors: Ruiz‐Leyva Leandro , Vázquez‐Ágredos Ana , Jiménez‐García Ana M. , López‐Guarnido Olga , Pla Antonio , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos , Morón Henche Ignacio , Cendán Cruz Miguel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimal models of alcohol (ethanol) self‐administration are crucial to dissect the neurobiological mechanisms underlying alcohol dependence, yet only a few of these induce pharmacologically relevant levels of alcohol consumption and rarely the alcohol self‐administration co‐occurs with other addictive behaviours. The present study aims to validate a novel model of voluntary ethanol consumption in male Wistar rats, in which ethanol access follows a binge eating experience. Over 10 sessions, Wistar rats were exposed to binge or control eating (i.e., the ingestion of 11.66 and 0.97 kcal/3 min, respectively, derived from a highly palatable food), immediately followed by two‐bottle choice intake tests (2%, 6%, 10% or 14% w/w ethanol vs. water). Rats exposed to binge eating drank significantly more 6% or 10% (w/w) ethanol than control peers, reaching up to 6.3 gEtOH/kg. Rats stimulated with 2%, 6%, 10% or 14% ethanol after binge eating, but not those given those ethanol concentrations after control eating, exhibited significant within‐group increases in ethanol drinking. This ethanol consumption was not altered by quinine adulteration (up to 0.1 g/L), and it was blocked by naltrexone (10 mg/kg), administered immediately before binge eating. Blood ethanol levels significantly correlated with ethanol consumption; and the more ethanol consumed, the greater the distance travelled in an open field test conducted after the two‐bottle choice test. Altogether, this self‐administration model seems a valid and robust alternative with remarkable potential for research on different stages of the alcohol addiction and, particularly, to assess interactions between alcohol consumption and others addictive‐like behaviours.
Are North Carolina clinicians delivering opioid use disorder treatment to Medicaid beneficiaries?
Authors: Grove Lexie R. , Rao Nikhil , Domino Marisa Elena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMedicaid is a public health insurance program in the United States that serves low‐income individuals. Medicaid beneficiaries have elevated risk of opioid use disorder (OUD), yet face barriers to receiving medications for OUD (MOUD). To inform efforts to increase MOUD receipt among Medicaid beneficiaries, this study: (1) estimated Medicaid participation prevalence among clinicians authorized to prescribe buprenorphine and (2) estimated the association between clinician characteristics and OUD care delivery to Medicaid beneficiaries.Design, Setting and ParticipantsRetrospective study of North Carolina, USA licensed physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners. Licensure data from 2018 were merged with 2019 US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) data to identify clinicians who received the DEA waiver required to prescribe buprenorphine (n = 1714). Medicaid claims data were used to characterize clinician engagement in OUD care delivery.MeasurementsOutcomes were indicators of any Medicaid professional claims and any Medicaid prescription claims for buprenorphine and/or naltrexone. Predictors included clinician characteristics (e.g. gender and race) and characteristics of clinicians’ practice location (e.g. area opioid overdose death rate).FindingsMost waivered clinicians delivered services to Medicaid beneficiaries, ranging from 67.0% of behavioral health clinicians to 82.9% of specialist physicians. Among waivered clinicians with Medicaid professional claims, prevalence of prescribing buprenorphine to Medicaid beneficiaries ranged from 30.3% among specialist physicians to 51.6% among behavioral health clinicians. The probability of prescribing MOUD to Medicaid beneficiaries was higher among waivered clinicians identifying as male compared with female (8.5 percentage points, P = 0.004) or black compared with white (9.9 percentage points, P = 0.007), older clinicians (0.5 percentage point increase per year, P < 0.001) and clinicians in counties with a higher opioid overdose death rate (5.0 percentage point increase per additional death per 10 000 residents, P = 0.010).ConclusionsAmong clinicians in North Carolina, USA who are authorized to prescribe buprenorphine, 67–83% (depending on type of specialist) deliver services to Medicaid beneficiaries, but only 30–52% of those prescribe medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) to Medicaid beneficiaries. Engagement in OUD care delivery to Medicaid beneficiaries varies by clinician demographic and area characteristics.
Managing oral health care and prevention: The experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders living in a rural community in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Tynan Anna , Walker David , Tucker Taygan , Fisher Barry , Fisher Tarita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the experience of rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in engaging with oral health care services and programs in order to support the development of oral health services and prevention programs that better meet their needs.DesignThe study used a qualitative research design, which aims to describe participants' lived experience of engaging with oral health services and prevention programs in a rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community. Focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews were conducted with 27 participants. The 15 transcribed discussions were analysed using a 6‐step phenomenological process.SettingA rural community in Queensland, Australia, with a predominantly Aboriginal population.ParticipantsParticipants were purposively recruited from established health and community groups.Main outcomeSystem‐level barriers to accessing and engaging with oral health services and prevention influence how communities manage oral health and seek treatment.ResultsThe study identified 4 main themes describing the community's experience: service location and the efforts required to access oral health services; the financial burden of accessing oral health care and practising prevention; lack of confidence in oral health services; and the avoidance or delaying of accessing care for dental problems. Results confirmed a high burden of oral disease but limited attendance at an oral health facility and difficulties engaging in preventative oral health behaviours. Treatment seeking was usually instigated by the experience of pain and typically at a tertiary health facility.ConclusionAboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in rural communities experience a high burden of oral disease but have limited engagement with oral health services. This is associated with system‐level barriers to accessing and engaging with oral health services and prevention.
Empirical benchmarks for changes in social and emotional skills over time
Authors: Soland James , Rimm‐Kaufman Sara E. , Kuhfeld Megan , Ventura‐Abbas Nadia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study provides empirical benchmarks that quantify typical changes in students’ reports of social and emotional skills in a large, diverse sample. Data come from six cohorts of students (N = 361,815; 6% Asian, 8% Black, 68% White, 75% Latinx, 50% Female) who responded to the CORE survey from 2015 to 2018 and help quantify typical gains/declines in growth mindset, self‐efficacy, self‐management, and social awareness. Results show fluctuations in skills between 4th and 12th grade (changes ranging from −.33 to .23 standard deviations). Growth mindset increases in fourth grade, declines in fifth to seventh grade, then mostly increases. Self‐efficacy, self‐management, and social awareness decline in sixth to eighth grade. Self‐management and social awareness, but not self‐efficacy, show increases in 10th to 12th grade.
A qualitative exploration of weight management duringCOVID‐19
Authors: Thomson Meigan , Martin Anne , Long Emily , Logue Jennifer , Simpson Sharon A. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCOVID‐19 has been associated with worse outcomes in people living with obesity and has altered how people can engage with weight management. However, the impact of risk perceptions and changes to daily life on weight loss has not been explored. This study aimed to examine how COVID‐19 and perception of risk interacted with weight loss attempts in adults participating in a behavioural weight management programme. Forty‐eight participants completed a semi‐structured interview exploring the impact of COVID‐19 on their weight management experience. Interviews were completed via telephone and analysed using a thematic approach. Reaction to perceived risk varied, but most participants reported the knowledge of increased risk promoted anxiety and avoidance behaviours. Despite this, many reported it as a motivating factor for weight loss. Restrictions both helped (e.g., reduced temptation) and hindered their weight loss (e.g., less support). However, there was consensus that the changes to everyday life meant participants had more time to engage with and take control of their weight loss. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on participation in a weight management programme started during the pandemic in the United Kingdom. Restrictions had varying impacts on participant's weight loss. How risk is perceived and reported to participants is an important factor influencing engagement with weight management. The framing of health information needs to be considered carefully to encourage engagement with weight management to mitigate risk. Additionally, the impact of restrictions and personal well‐being are key considerations for weight management programmes.
Quality of life meta‐analysis following coloanal anastomosis versus abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer
Authors: Maguire Barry , Clancy Cillian , Connelly Tara M. , Mehigan Brian J. , McCormick Paul , Altomare Donato F. , Gosselink Martijn Pieter , Larkin John O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimIn low rectal cancers without sphincter involvement a permanent stoma can be avoided without compromising oncological safety. Functional outcomes following coloanal anastomosis (CAA) compared to abdominoperineal excision (APR) may be significantly different. This study examines all available comparative quality of life (QoL) data for patients undergoing CAA versus APR for low rectal cancer.MethodsPublished studies with comparative data on QoL outcomes following CAA versus APR for low rectal cancer were extracted from electronic databases. The study was registered with PROSPERO and adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) guidelines. Data was combined using random‐effects models.ResultsSeven comparative series examined QoL in 527 patients. There was no difference in the numbers receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the APR and CAA groups (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.78–1.81, p = 0.43). CAA was associated with higher mean scores for physical functioning(std mean diff −7.08, 95% CI: −11.92 to −2.25, p = 0.004) and body image (std. mean diff 11.11, 95% CI: 6.04–16.18, p < 0.0001). Male sexual problems were significantly increased in patients who had undergone APR compared to CAA (std. mean diff −16.20, 95% CI: −25.76 to −6.64, p = 0.0009). Patients who had an APR reported more fatigue, dyspnoea and appetite loss. Those who had a CAA reported higher scores for both constipation and diarrhoea.DiscussionIt is reasonable to offer a CAA to motivated patients where oncological outcomes will not be threatened. QoL outcomes appear to be superior when intestinal continuity is maintained, and permanent stoma avoided.
The anorectal defaecation reflex: a prospective intervention study
Authors: Verkuijl Sanne J. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimOur hypothesis is that there may be a neural pathway with sensory afferent neurons in the anal canal that leads to rectal contraction to assist defaecation. We aimed to compare rectal motility between healthy participants with or without anal anaesthesia.MethodThis prospective intervention study consisted of two test sessions: a baseline session followed by an identical second session. During each session we performed the anal electrosensitivity test, the rectoanal inhibitory reflex test and rapid phasic barostat distensions. Prior to the second session, participants were randomly assigned to receive either a local anal anaesthetic or a placebo.ResultsWe included 23 healthy participants aged 21.1 ± 0.5 years, 13 of whom received an anal anaesthetic and 10 a placebo. All participants showed a transient rectal contraction during the first test session, which decreased significantly after anal anaesthesia (18.6 ml vs. 4.9 ml, p = 0.019). The maximum rectal contraction was comparable to the baseline results in the placebo group. Furthermore, the electrosensitivity at the highest centimetre of the anal canal correlated with the maximum rectal contraction (r = −0.452, p = 0.045).ConclusionAll healthy study participants display an involuntary, reproducible rectal reflex contraction that appears to be innervated by afferent nerves in the proximal anal canal. The rectal reflex contraction appears to play a role in defaecation and we therefore refer to this phenomenon as the anorectal defaecation reflex. Knowledge of the anorectal defaecation reflex may have consequences for the diagnostics and treatment of constipation.
Melanocytic matricoma: A report of three cases, review of the literature, and suggestion of a new terminology
Authors: Ferrier Mary , Husain Akhtar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMelanocytic matricoma is a rare, biphasic adnexal tumor. It typically presents as a pigmented papule on the sun‐damaged skin of elderly patients. Histopathology shows a dermal nodule composed of basaloid cells, ghost cells, and deeply pigmented dendritic melanocytes. The basaloid cells are usually positive for β‐catenin and these tumors show overlapping histopathological and molecular features with pilomatricoma. Here, we review the literature on melanocytic matricoma and present three new cases. We suggest different terminology to reflect the overlapping features with pilomatricoma that recognizes that melanocytic matricoma is likely to be a variant of pilomatricoma associated with melanocytic hyperplasia. Although melanocytic matricoma is usually considered benign, malignant transformation has been reported. This highlights the need for increased awareness of this entity.
Deep demersal fish communities respond rapidly to warming in a frontal region between Arctic and Atlantic waters
Authors: Emblemsvåg Margrete , Werner Karl Michael , Núñez‐Riboni Ismael , Frelat Romain , Torp Christensen Helle , Fock Heino O. , Primicerio Raul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe assessment of climate impact on marine communities dwelling deeper than the well‐studied shelf seas has been hampered by the lack of long‐term data. For a long time, the prevailing expectation has been that thermal stability in deep ocean layers will delay ecosystem responses to warming. Few observational studies have challenged this view and indicated that deep organisms can respond exceptionally fast to physical change at the sea surface. To address the depth‐specific impact of climate change, we investigated spatio‐temporal changes in fish community structure along a bathymetry gradient of 150–1500 m between 1998 and 2016 in East Greenland. Here, the Arctic East Greenland Current and the Atlantic Irminger Current meet and mix, representing a sub‐Arctic transition zone. We found the strongest signals of community reorganizations at depths between 350 and 1000 m and only weak responses in the shallowest and deepest regions. Changes were in synchrony with atmospheric warming, loss in sea ice and variability in physical sea surface conditions both within our study region and North of the Denmark Strait. These results suggest that interannual variability and long‐term climate trends of the larger ecoregion can rapidly affect fish communities down to 1000‐m depth through atmospheric ocean coupling and food web interactions.
An ideology of collective‐intensive mothering: The gendered organization of care in a babysitting cooperative
Authors: Price‐Glynn Kim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBabysitting cooperatives offer reciprocity‐based short‐term childcare for members. In practice, the babysitting cooperative (co‐op) under study has contradictory outcomes that both relieve and burden its participants. This study is based on ethnographic methods: 4 years of participant observation, 28 in‐depth interviews with 18 members and 10 spouses and an analysis of babysitting co‐op texts. This research extends the ideology of intensive mothering to include collective‐intensive mothering, a group form of intensified caregiving reproduced by the babysitting co‐op's gendered organization of care. To accomplish collective‐intensive mothering, babysitting co‐op members employ intensive mothering beliefs and practices in conjunction with other group members. What is more, co‐op members collectively intensify their mothering practices with other members' children in addition to their own. Given need for more (and better) caregiving alternatives, the lack of scholarly attention to unpaid cooperative caregiving groups, like babysitting co‐ops, is surprising. This research seeks to address this gap.