bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental calculation increases physiological postural tremor, but does not influence physiological goal-directed kinetic tremor
Authors: Budini Francesco , Mocnik Richard , Tilp Markus , Crognale Domenico 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
During a cognitive effort, an increase in cortical electrical activity, functional alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex, and modifications in cortical inputs to the active motor units have been reported. In light of this, an increase in tremor could be anticipated as result of a mental task. In the present work, we tested this hypothesis.

Methods
In 25 individuals, tremor was measured with a three-axial accelerometer during 300 s of postural and goal-directed tasks performed simultaneously to mental calculation, or during control (same tasks without mental calculation). Hand and finger dexterity were also evaluated. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the extensor digitorum communis were collected during the postural task.

Results
Hand and finger dexterity was negatively affected by the mental task (p = .003 and p = .00005 respectively). During mental calculation, muscle tremor increased in the hand postural (+ 29%, p = .00005) but not in the goal-directed task (− 1.5%, p > .05). The amplitude of the main frequency peak also increased exclusively in the hand postural task (p = .028), whilst no shift in the position of the main frequency peak was observed. EMG was not affected.

Conclusion
These results support the position of the contribution of a central component in the origin of physiological hand postural tremor. It is suggested that the different effect of mental calculation on hand postural and goal-directed tasks can be attributed to the different origins and characteristics of hand postural and goal-directed physiological tremor.
Eruptive history of Mason Spur, a Miocene—Pleistocene polygenetic volcanic complex in southern Victoria Land, West Antarctic Rift System, Antarctica
Authors: Smellie John L. , Martin Adam P. , Di Vincenzo Gianfranco , Townsend Dougal B. , Heizler Matthew T. , Ruth Dawn C. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMason Spur is a deeply eroded Middle Miocene to Pleistocene (c. 13 to 0.37 Ma) volcanic complex in southern Victoria Land, within the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). The oldest rocks include a large volume of trachyte ignimbrites that provided abundant volcanic detritus recovered in McMurdo Sound drill cores. The ignimbrites together with early-formed intrusions were strongly deformed during a substantial caldera collapse at c. 13 Ma. Intense erosion modified the volcanic landscape, creating a paleo-relief of several hundred metres. Deep ravines were cut and filled by deposits of multiple lahars probably linked to gravitational collapses of trachyte dome(s). Small-volume trachytic magmas were also erupted, forming lavas and at least one tuff cone. The youngest trachytic activity comprises a lava dome and related block-and-ash-flow deposits, erupted at 6 Ma. Basanite erupted throughout the history of the complex and eruptions younger than 12 Ma are almost exclusively basanite, forming scoria cones, water-cooled lavas, and tuff cones. Three peripheral outcrops are composed of basanitic ‘a‘ā lava-fed deltas, probably erupted from vents on neighbouring volcanoes at Mount Discovery and Mount Morning. Abundant ignimbrite deposits at Mason Spur differentiate this volcanic complex from others in the WARS. Eruptions were triggered by rift extension initially, yielding the voluminous trachytes sourced from a magma chamber on the margin of the WARS. Later mafic eruptions were associated with deep crustal faults related to residual intraplate deformation. These results add important details to the eruptive history of the intracontinental WARS.
Increasing Adherence to Prophylactic Swallowing Exercises During Head and Neck Radiotherapy: The Multicenter, Randomized Controlled PRESTO-Trial
Authors: Baudelet Margot , Duprez Fréderic , Van den Steen Leen , Nuyts Sandra , Nevens Daan , Goeleven Ann , Vandenbruaene Caroline , Massonet Hanne , Vergauwen Alice , Bollen Heleen , Deschuymer Sarah , Wouters Kristien , Peeters Marc , Van Laer Carl , Mariën Steven , Van den Brekel Michiel , van der Molen Lisette , Vauterin Tom , van Dinther Joost , Verstraete Hilde , Hutsebaut Isabel , Meersschout Sabine , Vanderveken Olivier , De Bodt Marc , Van Nuffelen Gwen ,   members of the Belgian PRESTO-group
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Prophylactic swallowing exercises (PSE) during radiotherapy can significantly reduce dysphagia after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its positive effects are hampered by low adherence rates during the burdensome therapy period. Hence, the main goal of this multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to investigate the effect of 3 different service-delivery modes on actual patients’ adherence.

Methods
A total of 148 oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with primary (chemo)radiotherapy were randomly assigned to a 4 weeks PSE program, either diary-supported (paper group; n = 49), app-supported (app group; n = 49) or therapist-supported (therapist group; n = 50). Participants practiced 5 days/week, daily alternating tongue strengthening exercises with chin tuck against resistance exercises. Adherence was measured as the percentage of completed exercise repetitions per week (%reps). Statistical analysis was performed by means of SPSSv27, using Linear Mixed-effects Models with post hoc pairwise testing and Bonferroni-Holm correction.

Results
Adherence and evolution of adherence over time was significantly different between the three groups (p < .001). Adherence rates decreased in all three groups during the 4 training weeks (p < .001). During all 4 weeks, the therapist group achieved the highest adherence rates, whilst the app group showed the lowest adherence rates.

Conclusions
PSE adherence decreased during the first 4 radiotherapy weeks regardless of group, but with a significant difference between groups. The therapist group achieved the highest adherence rates with a rather limited decline, therefore, increasing the face-to-face contact with a speech-language therapist can overcome the well-known problem of low adherence to PSE in this population.

Trial Registration
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN98243550. Registered December 21, 2018 – retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN98243550?q=gwen%20van%20nuffelen&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=2&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search.
Synthesis and potential applications of cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks: a review
Authors: Xu Yang , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Osman Ahmed I. , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , Elgarahy Ahmed M. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Omar Mirna , Li Yuting , Mehanni Abul-Hamd E. , Chen Wei , Rooney David W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks are porous polymeric materials formed by linking metal ions with organic bridging ligands. Metal–organic frameworks are used as sensors, catalysts for organic transformations, biomass conversion, photovoltaics, electrochemical applications, gas storage and separation, and photocatalysis. Nonetheless, many actual metal–organic frameworks present limitations such as toxicity of preparation reagents and components, which make frameworks unusable for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here, we review the structure, synthesis and properties of cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks that could be used in bioapplications. Synthetic methods include vapor diffusion, microwave-assisted, hydro/solvothermal, and ultrasound techniques. The vapor diffusion method can produce cyclodextrin-based metal–organic framework crystals with particle sizes ranging from 200 nm to 400 μm. Applications comprise food packaging, drug delivery, sensors, adsorbents, gas separation, and membranes. Cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks showed loading efficacy of the bioactive compounds ranging from 3.29 to 97.80%.
Validation of deep learning-based computer-aided detection software use for interpretation of pulmonary abnormalities on chest radiographs and examination of factors that influence readers’ performance and final diagnosis
Authors: Toda Naoki , Hashimoto Masahiro , Iwabuchi Yu , Nagasaka Misa , Takeshita Ryo , Yamada Minoru , Yamada Yoshitake , Jinzaki Masahiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CAD) software for detecting pulmonary nodules, masses, and consolidation on chest radiographs (CRs) and to examine the effect of readers’ experience and data characteristics on the sensitivity and final diagnosis.

Materials and methods
The CRs of 453 patients were retrospectively selected from two institutions. Among these CRs, 60 images with abnormal findings (pulmonary nodules, masses, and consolidation) and 140 without abnormal findings were randomly selected for sequential observer-performance testing. In the test, 12 readers (three radiologists, three pulmonologists, three non-pulmonology physicians, and three junior residents) interpreted 200 images with and without CAD, and the findings were compared. Weighted alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic (wAFROC) figure of merit (FOM) was used to analyze observer performance. The lesions that readers initially missed but CAD detected were stratified by anatomic location and degree of subtlety, and the adoption rate was calculated. Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison.

Results
The mean wAFROC FOM score of the 12 readers significantly improved from 0.746 to 0.810 with software assistance (P = 0.007). In the reader group with < 6 years of experience, the mean FOM score significantly improved from 0.680 to 0.779 (P = 0.011), while that in the reader group with ≥ 6 years of experience increased from 0.811 to 0.841 (P = 0.12). The sensitivity of the CAD software and the adoption rate for the lesions with subtlety level 2 or 3 (obscure) lesions were significantly lower than for level 4 or 5 (distinct) lesions (50% vs. 93%, P < 0.001; and 55% vs. 74%, P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion
CAD software use improved doctors’ performance in detecting nodules/masses and consolidation on CRs, particularly for non-expert doctors, by preventing doctors from missing distinct lesions rather than helping them to detect obscure lesions.
Systemic Sclerosis Association with Malignancy
Authors: Lepri Gemma , Catalano Martina , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Pillozzi Serena , Giommoni Elisa , Giorgione Roberta , Botteri Cristina , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Guiducci Serena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe association of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and cancer is well known from several decades suggesting common genetic and environmental risk factors involved in the development of both diseases. Immunosuppressive drugs widely used in SSc may increase the risk of cancer occurrence and different SSc clinical and serological features identify patients at major risk to develop malignancy. In this context, among serological features, presence of anti-RNA polymerase III and anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies seems to increase cancer frequency in SSc patients (particularly lung and breast cancers). Lung fibrosis and a long standing SSc pulmonary involvement have been largely proposed as lung cancer risk factors, and the exposure to cyclophosphamide and an upper gastrointestinal involvement have been traditionally linked to bladder and oesophagus cancers, respectively. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors used for cancer therapy can induce immune-related adverse events, which are more frequent and severe in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases such as SSc. The strong association between SSc and cancer occurrence steers clinicians to carefully survey SSc patients performing periodical malignancy screening. In the present review, the most relevant bilateral relationships between SSc and cancer will be addressed.
Assessment of Serum Hypoxia Biomarkers Pre- and Post-radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Tumors
Authors: El-Benhawy Sanaa A. , Sakr Ola A. , Fahmy Enayat I. , Ali Raed A. , Hussein Mohamed S. , Nassar Esraa M. , Salem Sherif M. , Abu-Samra Nehal , Elzawawy Sherif 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHypoxia is a prevalent hallmark of many malignant neoplasms. The aim was to assess the serum hypoxia biomarkers HIF-1α, VEGF, osteopontin, erythropoietin, caveolin-1, GLUT-1, and LDH pre- and post-radiotherapy in patients with brain tumors. The study was conducted on 120 subjects were divided into two groups: group I: 40 healthy volunteers as control group. Group II: 80 brain tumor patients were subdivided into glioblastoma subgroup: 40 glioblastoma patients, meningioma subgroup: 40 malignant meningioma patients. Two venous blood samples were collected from every patient prior to and following RT and one sample from controls. Biomarkers were assayed by ELISA. In glioblastoma subgroup, HIF-1α, VEGF, and LDH were significantly increased after RT. On the contrary, these biomarkers were significantly decreased after RT in malignant meningioma subgroup. Osteopontin was significantly increased after RT in both subgroups. Regarding erythropoietin, it was significantly decreased in both subgroups when compared to before RT. Caveolin-1 showed a significant increase in glioblastoma subgroup after RT comparing to before RT. GLUT-1 was significantly increased after RT in both subgroups comparing to before RT. Association of significant elevation of hypoxia biomarkers either pre- or post-RT with aggressive tumor such as glioblastoma indicates that, they are markers of malignancy and may have a role in tumor development and progression.
Can Cancer Education Programs Improve Health Literacy Among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Patients: a Systematic Review
Authors: Münstermann Jan , Hübner Jutta , Büntzel Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatients affected from hearing loss face many problems when visiting oncologists. We conducted a systematic review to survey if cancer education programs can promote health literacy among deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) patients. The authors searched two databases for RCTs, and cohort studies with interventions promoting cancer health literacy for adult DHH patients. Risk of bias was assessed with SIGN Methodology Checklist for RCTs, and cohort studies. Significance of mean changes over time, and mean differences between comparison groups were used to present outcomes of each study. Surveyed interventions addressed three domains: cancer knowledge, coping skills, and cancer screening. Key information was gathered and synthesized providing a juxtaposition of the content and presenting important effects in detail. Nine RCTs and seven cohorts with 1865 participants were included. In total, 13 studies showed that cancer health literacy interventions improved mean scores significantly from pre- to post-test measures. There are hints that captioning and written texts may be sufficient for milder forms of hearing loss. Three studies showed that resiliency skill training promotes various domains of well-being. Three studies indicated that educational interventions encourage cancer screening practices. Educational programs are an effective way to promote cancer health literacy among DHH patients to facilitate communication with oncologists. As extent of hearing loss was not assessed, the authors cannot say the degree to which results are applicable to all degrees of hearing loss. To obtain hard data, further studies with more diverse populations, various cancer entities, different methods, and exact hearing loss assessments are required.
Optimization of catalytic properties of Mucor racemosus lipase through immobilization in a biocompatible alginate gelatin hydrogel matrix for free fatty acid production: a sustainable robust biocatalyst for ultrasound-assisted olive oil hydrolysis
Authors: Abdel-Mageed Heidi Mohamed , Nada Dina , Radwan Rasha Ali , Mohamed Saleh Ahmed , Gohary Nesrine Abdelrehim E. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmobilization is a key technology that improves the operational stability of enzymes. In this study, alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel matrix was synthesized and used as immobilization support for Mucor racemosus lipase (Lip). Enzyme catalyzed ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of olive oil was also investigated. Alg-Gel matrix exhibited high entrapment efficiency (94.5%) with a degradation rate of 42% after 30 days. The hydrolysis of olive oil using Alg-Gel-Lip increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to free Lip. Optimum pH and temperature were determined as pH 5.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The Vmax values for free and immobilized Lip were determined to be 5.5 mM and 5.8 mM oleic acid/min/ml, respectively, and the Km values were 2.2 and 2.58 mM/ml respectively. Thermal stability was highly improved for Alg-Gel-Lip (t1/2 650 min and Ed 87.96 kJ/mol) over free Lip (t1/2 150 min and Ed 23.36 kJ/mol). The enzymatic activity of Alg-Gel-Lip was preserved at 96% after four consecutive cycles and 90% of the initial activity after storage for 60 days at 4 °C. Alg-Gel-Lip catalyzed olive oil hydrolysis using ultrasound showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in hydrolysis rate compared to free Lip (from 0.0 to 58.2%, within the first 2 h). In contrast to traditional methodology, using ultrasonic improved temperature-dependent enzymatic catalyzed reactions and delivered greater reaction yields. Results suggest that Alg-Gel-Lip biocatalyst has great industrial application potential, particularly for free fatty acid production. In addition, the combined use of enzyme and ultrasound has the potential of eco-friendly technology.
Transportation of Hybrid $${\textbf {MoS}}_2$$–$${\textbf {SiO}}_2$$/EG Nanofluidic System Toward Radially Stretched Surface
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Hussain Syed Ibrar , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad , Qurratulain  
Published: September 2022

AbstractA stochastic computing approach is implemented in the present work to solve the nonlinear nanofluidics system that occurs in the model of atomic physics. The process converts the partial differential nanofluidics system with suitable level of similarities transformation into nonlinear systems of differential equations. For the construction of datasets, finite difference scheme (Lobatto IIIA) is applied through different selection of collocation points for nonlinear nanofluidics system having accuracy of order four. Lobatto IIIA has a strong point to tackle extremely nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations in smooth way. For different scenarios, datasets are well trained through computing scheme to investigate the heat transfer and thermal performance of nanofluidic transportation system of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids toward stretching surfaces with variation of Biot number, Nusselt number and skin fraction. Furthermore, the reliability, accuracy and efficiency are endorsed through various statistical analysis and graphical illustrations of proposed computing scheme.
Institutional Capacity and the Roles of Key Actors in Fire Disaster Risk Reduction: The Case of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Falola Olusegun Joseph , Agbola Samuel Babatunde 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInefficient and ineffective fire management practices are common to most urban areas of developing countries. Nigerian cities are typical examples of high vulnerability and low preparedness level for fire disaster. This study examined the institutional framework for fire disaster risk reduction (FDRR) and explored the roles of key actors in fire disaster preparedness in Ibadan, a large traditional city in Nigeria. The study was anchored on the concept of urban governance. A case study research design was adopted using primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through field observation aided by a structured checklist and key informant interview. Interviews were conducted on key officials of the major organs for FDRR—Oyo State Fire Service (OSFS) and Oyo State Emergency Management Agency (OYSEMA). The study identified a disjointed and fragmented approach to fire management. Matters relating to fire risk reduction and disaster recovery were domiciled under the OYSEMA, while emergency response to fire disasters was the prerogative of the OSFS. The results show that only five out of 11 local government areas had public fire stations; only three fire stations had an on-site water supply; three fire stations lacked firefighting vehicles; and distribution of fire stations and facilities was uneven. Two fire stations responded to 80% of all fire cases in 12 years. The study concluded that the institutional structure and resources for fire risk reduction was more empowered to respond to fire disaster, rather than facilitating preparedness capacity to reduce disaster risk.
Religious Education in Zambia: social justice
Authors: Carmody Brendan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReligious Education has long been part of Zambia’s primary and secondary education curriculum. Though it contains a social justice section, it has been weakly socially transformative. This could be seen to be a major challenge today if Religious Education is to be educational. With a swiftly expanding social situation placing increasing numbers at the margins, it is argued that this frail transformative element in Religious Education results primarily because Religious Education has been assimilated by the main inegalitarian education system, which continues to be misinterpreted as delivering social justice.
Essay: Künstliche Intelligenz und menschliche Würde – ein aporetisches Verhältnis?
Authors: Knell Sebastian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Essay beschreibt begriffliche Herausforderungen, mit denen die Entwicklung zukünftiger Roboter, die über künstliche Intelligenz verfügen, das traditionelle Konzept vernunftbasierter Menschenwürde konfrontieren könnte. Sollten entsprechende KI-Systeme eines Tages basale Formen genuiner Rationalität aufweisen, indem sie rational vernetzte intentionale Zustände durchlaufen, die als Gründe für ihr zielgerichtetes Verhalten fungieren, so scheinen sie damit auf den ersten Blick auch würdeverleihende Fähigkeiten zu besitzen. Hieraus ergeben sich zwei Probleme: Erstens erscheint ihre instrumentalisierende Indienstnahme für menschliche Zwecke dann problematisch. Gleichwohl stützen Gedankenexperimente, die sich an Robert Sparrows Turing Triage Test anlehnen, das intuitive Urteil, dass solchen Systemen keine wirkliche Würde zukommt, die ihre Instrumentalisierung verbietet. Diskutiert werden drei verschiedene Strategien, diese widerstreitende Intuition durch eine Präzisierung und Vertiefung des traditionellen Konzepts vernunftbasierter Würde zu rechtfertigen, wobei sich alle drei Vorschläge letztlich als problembehaftet erweisen. Hierdurch droht das fragliche Konzept jedoch in eine komplizierte Aporie zu geraten. Im Anschluss daran wird dann dargelegt, dass zweitens auch die althergebrachte Vorstellung einer kollektiven Würde der menschlichen Gattung, die sich dem exklusiven Besitz der Vernunftfähigkeit verdankt, angesichts zukünftiger elaborierter KI-Systeme ihre Grundlage zu verlieren droht.