bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angle-angle diagrams in the assessment of locomotion in persons with multiple sclerosis: A preliminary study
Authors: Giminiani Riccardo Di , Lorenzo Davide Di , Russo Luca , Greca Stefano La , Masedu Francesco , Totaro Rocco , Padua Elvira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGait analysis is clinically relevant in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and consists of several joint angular displacement-time relationships and spatiotemporal parameters. However, it lacks representation by means of diagrams in which knee angle-hip angle and knee angle-ankle angle variations are plotted against each other at the same instants of time. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis was performed on 20 subjects (10 PwMS/10 healthy controls, HCs), and the knee-angle/hip-angle and knee-angle/ankle-angle diagrams of both lower limbs were determined in the sagittal plane while walking on a motorized treadmill. The area (a quantifier of conjoint range of motion) and the perimeter (a quantifier of coordination) of angle-angle diagram loops were calculated. PwMS showed reduced knee-angle/ankle-angle loops compared to HCs (P<0.05, ES = 0.80), whereas the hip-angle/ankle-angle loops between the PwMS and HCs was not significant (P> 0.05). Similarly, the activation of leg muscles showed significant differences between PwMS and HCs (p ranged from 0.05-to 0.001; ES ranged from 1.30 to 1.89). The results indicate that the proposed knee-angle/hip-angle diagram is feasible and could be applied as a reliable tool in future studies aimed at assessing the acute and long-term effects of specific exercise programmes and/or pharmacological treatment in PwMS.
Sun, Sleep, and Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Depression and Source of Endogeneity among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Han Xiao , Li Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo examine: (i) depression as a mediator in effects of sleep duration and quality on life satisfaction (LS), (ii) source of endogeneity in self-reported data on sleep, and (iii) predictive power of sleep duration and quality on LS.MethodsPanel data of 22,674 observations from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2015 & 2018) was used. Sleep was assessed with self-reported duration and quality. Depression was measured by the 10-question version of the Center for Epidemiological Survey - Depression. LS was rated by five scales. Fixed-effects ordered logit models were used to determine the effect of sleep duration and quality on life satisfaction and the mediating role of depression. We used instrumental variable strategy to explore the source of endogeneity. Information value and random forest model were used to examine the predictive power of sleep measures duration and quality.ResultsSleep duration and quality were found to improve life satisfaction via lower depression score. Non-agricultural employed population with urban hukou (household registration) accounted for the endogeneity, but the instrument variable sunset failed the weak instrument test. Sleep measures were found to predict life satisfaction, especially for the lower life satisfaction groups.ConclusionOur findings suggest the importance of sleep and the study of the associations between solar cues, social schedules, and sleep. Policy makers of social care of older adults might consider sleep intervention among this population.
Clinical and Genetic Associations of Deep Learning-Derived Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Based Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Khurshid Shaan , Lazarte Julieta , Pirruccello James P. , Weng Lu-Chen , Choi Seung Hoan , Hall Amelia W. , Wang Xin , Friedman Samuel , Nauffal Victor , Biddinger Kiran J. , Aragam Krishna G. , Batra Puneet , Ho Jennifer E. , Philippakis Anthony A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lubitz Steven A. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIncreased left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM) and LV hypertrophy (LVH) are risk markers for adverse cardiovascular events, and may indicate an underlying cardiomyopathy. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for LVM estimation, but is challenging to obtain at scale, which has limited the power of prior genetic analyses. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CMR-derived LVM indexed to body surface area (LVMI) estimated using a deep learning algorithm within nearly 50,000 participants from the UK Biobank. We identified 12 independent associations (1 known atTTNand 11 novel) meeting genome-wide significance, implicating several candidate genes previously associated with cardiac contractility and cardiomyopathy. Greater CMR-derived LVMI was associated with higher risk of incident dilated (hazard ratio [HR] 2.58 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI 2.10-3.17) and hypertrophic (HR 2.62, 95% CI 2.09-3.30) cardiomyopathies. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for LVMI was also associated with incident hypertrophic cardiomyopathy within a separate set of UK Biobank participants (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.12) and among individuals in an external Mass General Brigham dataset (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.37). In summary, using CMR-derived LVM available at scale, we have identified 12 common variants associated with LVMI (11 novel) and demonstrated that both CMR-derived and genetically determined LVMI are associated with risk of incident cardiomyopathy.Journal Subject Termsmachine learning, left ventricular hypertrophy, genetics
Time-Specific Associations of Wearable, Sensor-Based Cardiovascular and Behavioral Readouts with Disease Phenotypes in the Outpatient Setting of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)
Authors: Lahens Nicholas F. , Rahman Mahboob , Cohen Jordana B. , Cohen Debbie L. , Chen Jing , Weir Matthew R. , Feldman Harold I. , Grant Gregory R. , Townsend Raymond R. , Skarke Carsten 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. To facilitate out-of-clinic evaluation, we piloted wearable device-based analysis of heart rate variability and behavioral readouts in patients with CKD participating in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort and (n=49) controls. Time-specific partitioning of HRV readouts indicate higher parasympathetic nervous activity during the night (mean RR at night 14.4±1.9 ms versus 12.8±2.1 ms during active hours; n=47, ANOVA q=0.001). The α2 long-term fluctuations in the detrended fluctuation analysis, a parameter predictive of cardiovascular mortality, significantly differentiated between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (prominent at night with 0.58±0.2 versus 0.45±0.12, respectively, adj. p=0.004). Both diabetic and nondiabetic CKD patients showed loss of rhythmic organization compared to controls, with diabetic CKD patients exhibiting deconsolidation of peak phases between their activity and SDNN (standard deviation of interbeat intervals) rhythms (mean phase difference CKD 8.3h, CKD/T2DM 4h, controls 6.8h). This work provides a roadmap toward deriving actionable clinical insights from the data collected by wearable devices outside of highly controlled clinical environments.
Altered plasma, urine, and tissue profiles of sulfatides and sphingomyelins in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jirásko Robert , Idkowiak Jakub , Wolrab Denise , Kvasnička Aleš , Friedecký David , Polański Krzysztof , Študentová Hana , Študent Vladimír , Melichar Bohuslav , Holčapek Michal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the most common type of kidney cancer and, despite the progress of surgical and medical management, is associated with high mortality. In this study, we demonstrate that RCC-related processes change body fluids sphingolipid concentrations, which may be used to monitor tumor presence using non-invasive lipid-based blood and urine tests. We investigate 674 plasma, urine, and tissue samples from 369 RCC patients and controls. For the first time, we show the significant concentration changes of low abundant sulfatides in plasma and urine of RCC patients. Elevated concentrations of lactosylsulfatides, decreased concentrations of sphingomyelins with long saturated N-fatty acyls and sulfatides with hydroxylated fatty acyls are the crucial alternations in RCC. These changes are stage-dependent and are more emphasized in late-stage RCC. Similar trends in body fluids and tissues indicate that RCC widely influences lipid metabolism and highlights the potential of lipidomic profiling for cancer detection.
Improved evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy using the spatial QRS-T angle by electrocardiography
Authors: Maanja Maren , Schlegel Todd T , Kozor Rebecca , Bacharova Ljuba , Wong Timothy C. , Schelbert Erik B , Ugander Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundConventional electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) lack sensitivity. The aim was to identify LVH based on an abnormal spatial peaks QRS-T angle, and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic performance compared to that of conventional ECG criteria for LVH.MethodsThis was an observational study with four cohorts, all with a QRS duration <120 ms: (1) Healthy volunteers to define normality (n=921), (2) Separate healthy volunteers to compare test specificity (n=461), (3) Patients with at least moderate LVH by cardiac imaging (Imaging-LVH) to compare test sensitivity (n=225), and (4) Patients referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the combined outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause death (Clinical-Consecutive, n=783).ResultsAn abnormal spatial peaks QRS-T angle was defined as exceeding the upper limit of normal, which was found to be ≥ 40° for females and ≥ 55° for males. In healthy volunteers, the specificity of the QRS-T angle to detect LVH was 96% (females) and 98% (males). In Imaging-LVH, the QRS-T angle had a higher sensitivity to detect LVH than conventional ECG criteria (93–97% vs 13–56%, p<0.001 for all). In Clinical-Consecutive, of those who did not have any LVH, 238/556 (43%) had an abnormal QRS-T angle, suggesting it can occur even without LVH. There was an association with outcomes in univariable analysis for the QRS-T angle, Cornell voltage, QRS duration, and Cornell product (hazard ratios 1.68–2.5, p<0.01 for all) that persisted in multivariable analysis only for the QRS-T angle and QRS duration (p<0.001 for both).ConclusionsAn increased QRS-T angle rarely occurred in healthy volunteers, was a mainstay of moderate or greater LVH, was common in clinical patients without LVH but with cardiac co-morbidities, and associated with outcomes. Thus, an increased QRS-T angle identifies left ventricular electrical remodeling that can occur in the absence of LVH detected by imaging. The improved diagnostic and independent prognostic performance for the QRS-T angle suggests that it should be investigated when ECGs are evaluated.
Cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients on ocrelizumab and other disease-modifying therapies: a multi-ethnic observational study
Authors: Kister Ilya , Patskovsky Yury , Curtin Ryan , Pei Jinglan , Perdomo Katherine , Rimler Zoe , Voloshyna Iryna , Samanovic Marie I. , Cornelius Amber R. , Velmurugu Yogambigai , Nyovanie Samantha , Kim Joseph , Tardio Ethan , Bacon Tamar E. , Ryerson Lana Zhovtis , Raut Pranil , Pedotti Rosetta , Hawker Kathleen , Raposo Catarina , Priest Jessica , Cabatingan Mark , Winger Ryan C. , Mulligan Mark J. , Krogsgaard Michelle , Silverman Gregg J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the development of cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsMS patients aged 18-60 were evaluated for anti-nucleocapsid and anti-Spike RBD antibody with electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay; antibody responses to Spike protein, RBD, N-terminal domain with multiepitope bead-based immunoassays (MBI); live virus immunofluorescence-based microneutralization assay; T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike using TruCulture ELISA; and IL-2 and IFNγ ELISpot assays. Assay results were compared by DMT class. Spearman correlation and multivariate analyses were performed to examine associations between immunologic responses and infection severity.ResultsBetween 1/6/2021 and 7/21/2021, 389 MS patients were recruited (mean age 40.3 years; 74% female; 62% non-White). Most common DMTs were ocrelizumab (OCR) - 40%; natalizumab - 17%, Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P) modulators −12%; and 15% untreated. 177 patients (46%) had laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection; 130 had symptomatic infection, 47 - asymptomatic. Antibody responses were markedly attenuated in OCR compared to other groups (p≤ 0001). T-cell responses (IFNγ were decreased in S1P (p=0.03), increased in natalizumab (p<0.001), and similar in other DMTs, including OCR. Cellular and humoral responses were moderately correlated in both OCR (r=0.45, p=0.0002) and non-OCR (r=0.64, p<0.0001). Immune responses did not differ by race/ethnicity. COVID-19 clinical course was mostly non-severe and similar across DMTs; 7% (9/130) were hospitalized.InterpretationDMTs had differential effects on humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immune responses did not correlate with COVID-19 clinical severity in this relatively young and non-disabled group of MS patients.
Protective effect of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection from reinfection: a matched retrospective cohort study using PCR testing data in England
Authors: Lacy Joanne , Mensah Anna , Simmons Ruth , Andrews Nick , Siddiqui M. Ruby , Bukasa Antoaneta , O’Boyle Shennae , Campbell Helen , Brown Kevin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe duration of immunity after first SARS-CoV-2 infection and the extent to which prior immunity prevents reinfection is uncertain and remains an important question within the context of new variants.Using a retrospective population-based matched observational study approach, we identified cases with a first PCR positive test between 01 March 2020 and 30 September 2020 and cases were matched by age, sex, upper tier local authority of residence and testing route to individuals testing negative in the same week (controls) by PCR. After a 90-day pre-follow up period for cases and controls, any subsequent positive tests up to 31 December 2020 and deaths within 28 days of testing positive were identified, this encompassed an essentially vaccine-free period.There were 517,870 individuals in the matched cohort with 2,815 reinfection cases and 12,098 first infections. The protective effect of a prior SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive episode was 78% (OR 0.22, 0.21-0.23). Protection rose to 82% (OR 0.18, 0.17-0.19) after a sensitivity analysis excluded 934 individuals with a first test between March and May and a subsequent positive test between June and September 2020.Amongst individuals testing positive by PCR during follow-up, reinfection cases had 77% lower odds of symptoms at the second episode (adjusted OR 0.23, 0.20-0.26) and 45% lower odds of dying in the 28 days after reinfection (adjusted OR 0.55, 0.42-0.71).Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection offered protection against reinfection in this population. There was some evidence that reinfections increased with the Alpha variant compared to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variant highlighting the importance of continued monitoring as new variants emerge.
Experimental Methods of Investigating Airborne Indoor Virus-Transmissions Adapted to Several Ventilation Measures
Authors: Siebler Lukas , Calandri Maurizio , Rathje Torben , Stergiaropoulos Konstantinos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study introduces a principle, which unifies two experimental methods for airborne indoor virus-transmissions adapted to several ventilation measures. A first-time comparison of mechanical/natural ventilation and air purifiers with regard to infection risks is achieved. Effortful computational fluid dynamics demand detailed boundary conditions for accurate calculations of indoor airflows, which are often unknown. Hence a suitable, simple and generalized experimental set up for identifying the spatial and temporal infection risk for different ventilation measures is required. A trace gas method is suitable for mechanical and natural ventilation with outdoor air exchange. For an accurate assessment of air purifiers based on filtration a surrogate particle method is appropriate. The release of a controlled rate of either trace gas or particles simulates an infectious person releasing virus material. Surrounding substance concentration measurements identify the neighborhood exposure. One key aspect of the study is to prove that the requirement of concordant results of both methods is fulfilled. This is the only way to ensure that the comparison of different ventilation measures described above is reliable. Two examples (a two person office, several classrooms) show how practical both methods are and how the principle is applicable for different types and sizes of rooms.
On the legitimacy and apoliticality of public sector performance audit: exploratory evidence from Canada and Denmark
Authors: Hazgui Mouna , Triantafillou Peter , Elmer Christensen Signe 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe increasing uptake of performance auditing (PA), which entails both the facilitation and the control of government policies, has seriously challenged state auditors' claims that they are apolitical. This article aims to understand how supreme audit institutions (SAIs) operate to maintain and nurture the political neutrality and legitimacy of their PA.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on Suchman's typology on legitimacy (1995) to analyze the PA reports of two countries with a long history of both performance auditing and accusations of political interference, namely Canada and Denmark. Documentary analysis and interview methods are employed.FindingsThis study shows how the two SAIs have been pursuing pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy through the professionalization and standardization of both the form and the content of their PA reports. Engaging and maintaining the dialogue with the audited administration, triangulating recognized social science methods, and emphasizing the “public interest” basis of PA reflect some of the tools adopted to navigate the “grey zone” between objective, relevant and politically sensitive audits.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper's explorative approach limits the possibility for robust testing of the causal forces impinging on SAIs' choices of legitimation strategies. Nevertheless, variations between the Canadian and Danish SAIs in the strategic use of some legitimacy tools such as the media suggest a difference in the role of Public Accounts Committee in the two countries that can be investigated in future research.Originality/valueMuch research exists questioning the political neutrality of PA, yet there has not been much discussion on how SAIs have been able to develop and preserve the prevalent legitimacy of their PA amid the criticism. More specifically, our research reveals the tendency of both the Canadian and Danish SAIs to strategically underline the “public interest” dimension of their performance audits in an attempt to increase both their legitimacy and political neutrality.
Tradition or innovation? Cafe Galavis, a brand with an international vision
Authors: Perez Perez Juan Ernesto 
Published: January 2022

Research methodology
An interview was conducted with the general manager and semi-structured interviews with Likert scale to the main clients, collaborators and suppliers to establish the key competencies of the firm. Secondary information was collected through the organization’s historical and strategic documents.

Learning outcomes
At the end of the case study, students will be able to learn international marketing, innovation, strategic management, international business strategy; analyze the brand equity construct through the associative neural network model for decision-making; determine the internationalization strategy using the dual pressures model and sources of competitive advantage for international marketing management; and propose the innovation of a product by applying creativity techniques or innovation models to enter international markets.

Case overview/synopsis
Café Galavis is a family business leader in the production and commercialization of roasted and ground coffee for 103 years in Colombia. The new chief executive officer recovered the financial stability during his management during the period from 2015 to 2019, implementing internationalization processes. However, the sanitary crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Colombia, generated an economic recession, which led to a decrease in coffee consumption. How to innovate in the development of a product or service in times of pandemic? What internationalization strategy implement? These are the challenges that the new management and its collaborators will confront.

Complexity academic level
The teaching case is aimed at students of postgraduate academic programs in areas Management or MBA. In the modules of Marketing the case allows the orientation of the concepts of brand equity or branding. Likewise, in the modules of International Management, the definition of the internationalization strategy through the analysis of dual pressures and sources of competitive advantage. Finally, in the modules of Innovation different methodologies or techniques for innovation can be applied such as: SCAMPER, Design thinking or the Stage Gate Model.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 5: International Business
Impact of work-study conflict on workplace outcomes: supervisor support for juggling many balls
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Iqbal Rimsha , Javed Basharat , Hashmi Syed Danial 
Published: January 2022

PurposeDrawing on conservation of resource theory, this study aims to examine the impact of work-study conflict (WSC) on workplace outcomes (job performance, job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention). The study also investigated whether these relationships were contingent on the level of supervisor support at the workplace.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected in two-time lags from 752 studying professionals (non-traditional students) through a convenient sampling technique.FindingsResults showed that WSC enhances burnout and turnover intention but has no significant direct relationship with job performance and job satisfaction. It was also found that the relationships between WSC and workplace outcomes, i.e. job performance, job satisfaction and burnout were conditional on the level of supervisor support.Originality/valueThe research contributes to WSC literature by being the first to empirically investigate the direct and interactive effects of WSC and supervisor support on important workplace outcomes of those adults who were primarily working and then decided to study further for career development rather than on full-time students.