bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A triple blind, placebo controlled, randomised controlled trial of betahistine dihydrochloride in the treatment of primary tinnitus
Authors: Castilho Gustavo Leão , Dias Norimar Hernanes , Martins Regina Helena Garcia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of betahistine in the treatment of primary tinnitus.DesignTo evaluate the effectiveness of betahistine in the treatment of primary tinnitus.SettingUniversidade estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu Medical School, São paulo, Brazil.ParticipantsAdult patients with primary tinnitus who had not undergone treatment for tinnitus in the last 6 months were included. Patients with profound sensorineural deafness, hearing aid users and patients with metabolic, neurological, psychiatric or decompensated cardiovascular diseases were excluded. Study groups: in the betahistine group, patients received betahistine 24 mg every 12 h for 90 days; in the control group, patients received placebo tablets every 12 h for 90 days.Mean Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome measure: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Secondary outcome measures: Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI‐I) and a question of ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to participants about their perception of improvement in symptoms.ResultsOf 284 participants initially identified, 62 were randomised (betahistine group n = 31; control group n = 31). Median age (IQR) 54 (48–60) years, with a balanced number of men and women. There was no difference in THI outcome between the study groups (median difference, −2 points; 95% CI, −8 to 6 points); the THI after the intervention was a median (IQR) 4 (−4 to 14) lower points in the betahistine group, and a median (IQR) 2 (−6 to 10) in the control group. There was no statistical difference in secondary outcome measures. Adverse events were mild and there was no statistical difference between groups.ConclusionsBetahistine dihydrochloride was ineffective in the treatment of primary tinnitus in adults.
Mental models reveal diverse perspectives on marine resources management across racial/ethnic and gender social identities
Authors: King Brittany D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs marine resource management fields continue to move toward more inclusive and collaborative processes, it is important to also examine the value of promoting the diverse perspectives of scientists and managers from different backgrounds throughout the decision‐making process. An important objective of diversity initiatives is to acknowledge the value of diversity while providing opportunities to increase the representation of diverse communities in professional settings. However, focusing on diversity only at the surface can potentially overshadow benefits existing at a deeper level. This study used a mental model approach to explore the potential value of racial/ethnic and gender diversity in marine and fisheries science professions from a cognitive deep‐level diversity perspective. The study included 112 participants across gender, who self‐identified as one of the following racial/ethnic social identity groups: Black/African American, Latino/Hispanic, Multiracial, White, Asian/Asian American or /Pacific Islander, American Indian or/ Alaska Natives. Results revealed differences in how members of underrepresented groups and white men incorporated concepts associated with diversity into their mental models and distinctions in how racial/ethnic and gender social identity groups organized similar concepts within their mental model structures. These findings on diverse perspectives related to marine resources management across social identity groups, highlight the value of understanding diversity beyond just a numerical or surface level and the utility of incorporating deep‐level diversity in the management and decision‐making process.
Sexual competitiveness of sterile Ceratitis capitata males exposed to essential oils from non‐host plant species native to Argentina
Authors: Barud Flavia Jofré , Gómez María Pía , Ruiz María Josefina , Bachmann Guillermo E. , Goane Lucía , Segura Diego F. , Lara Natalia , Murúa Fernando , Asfennato Alejandro , Gómez Erica , Ruiz Cynthia , Garavelli Esteban , Vera María Teresa , López María Liza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is used to control fruit fly pests, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Enhancing sexual competitiveness of mass‐reared sterile males can contribute to making this technique more effective. It has been shown that exposure to volatiles from essential oils (EOs), such as ginger root oil (GRO) and those from host fruits, increases male mating success. We evaluated the effect of EOs from non‐host species native to Argentina, Schinus polygama (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) and Baccharis spartioides (Hook. & Arn.) Remy (Asteraceae), on the sexual competitiveness of sterile C. capitata males. In field cage experiments, sterile males exposed to S. polygama EO increased their mating success. In addition, sterile males exposed to this EO achieved more matings on trees than non‐exposed males, thus suggesting the former are more prone to locate and defend the pheromone‐calling territory. Deprivation of water and/or food significantly reduced males' life span, but exposure to S. polygama EO and GRO did not affect their survival. Schinus polygama EO is composed of mono‐ and sesquiterpenes with behavioral and electroantennographic responses in medflies, indicating that semiochemicals that boost medfly sexual competitiveness combine in this EO.
The healthcare needs and general practice utilization of people with acquired neurological disability and complex needs: A scoping review
Authors: Oliver Stacey , Douglas Jacinta , Winkler Dianne , Pearce Christopher , Minter Ella‐Rose , Jarman Hannah K. , Topping Megan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor people with acquired neurological disabilities and complex needs, general practitioners (GPs) play an important role in health management and early intervention for the prevention of comorbidities and health complications. People with disability are a vulnerable group who need and have the right to, quality general practice services. It is therefore important to understand the health needs and service use of this group. The aim of this review was to identify the healthcare needs and general practice utilization of people with acquired neurological disabilities and complex needs.MethodsA scoping review methodological framework was utilized. Six databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library) were searched. Articles were included if they reported on general practice service utilization of people with acquired neurological disabilities and complex needs aged between 18 and 65. Articles were required to be peer‐reviewed, written in English and published between 2010 and 2021.ResultsThirty‐one articles were included in the review. Studies originated from Canada (9), the United States (8), Australia (4), Switzerland (4), the United Kingdom (2), England (1), Norway (1), France (1) and Denmark (1). For many people, GPs were the main healthcare provider. People with disability consult multiple healthcare providers and navigate complex healthcare systems. Commonly presented healthcare needs were bladder, bowel and skin problems, pain and chronic pain, medication needs and mental health concerns.ConclusionsPeople with acquired neurological disabilities and complex needs were vulnerable to receiving suboptimal healthcare. The literature highlighted issues regarding the accessibility of services, the fragmentation of health services and inadequate preventative care. GPs were challenged to offer adequate disability‐related expertise and to meet the mental health needs of people with disability within time constraints.Patient and Public InvolvementThis manuscript was prepared in collaboration with a GP, who is one of the authors. A person with lived experience of acquired neurological disability was engaged to check the alignment of the findings with their personal experience and provide feedback.
Effect of nanoemulsion to minimise undesirable odour and colour of cinnamon bark oil and to improve sensory properties of refrigerated Asian seabass fillets
Authors: Chuesiang Piyanan , Ryu Victor , Siripatrawan Ubonrat 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe use of cinnamon bark oil (CBO) to inhibit fish spoilage causes undesirable changes in sensory properties of fish fillets. This research prepared CBO nanoemulsion (CBON) and studied its effects on the volatile profile and sensory properties of Asian seabass fillets. Changes in volatile profile, colour and odour scores, and overall likeness scores of CBON‐treated fillets were determined during storage in comparison to the control (CTRL) and bulk cinnamon bark oil (BCBO)‐treated ones. After treatment, CBON and BCBO were able to mask the natural odour of fish fillets. However, CBON did not change the fillets' colour. During storage, CBON‐treated fillets contained relatively higher cinnamaldehyde content and higher colour score but less cinnamon oil‐like odour score than those of BCBO‐treated ones. CBON‐treated fillets also had higher acceptance scores than those of CTRL and BCBO‐treated fillets after storage. These results demonstrated the efficiency of the nanoemulsion system to minimise undesirable effects of CBO and maintain sensory acceptance of the fillets during storage.
Changes in the physicochemical property and sensory quality of heat‐processed beef flavour in the storage process
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Zeng Hong , Wang Bei , Zhang Dong , Cao Yanping 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate changes in the quality of heat‐processed beef flavour (HPBF) during 168‐day storage period at 4, 20 and 50 °C through evaluating 10 physicochemical indexes and sensory profiles. The sensory score of HPBF reduced dramatically at 50 °C compared with those at other temperatures. The correlation analysis indicated that among the 10 physicochemical indexes, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), which is positively correlated to lipid oxidation, possessed the strongest association with the total sensory score of HPBF. The kinetic analysis showed that the increasing rate of ORP during the first 50‐day period at 50 °C was more than 10 times larger than those at 4 and 20 °C. These results suggested that lipid oxidation played a major role in affecting the quality of HPBF, especially during the early storage period. Reducing lipid oxidation via for instance maintaining a relatively low storage temperature should be given better attention for obtaining high‐quality HPBF.
On the determinants of bargaining‐free membership in German Employers' Associations
Authors: Jirjahn Uwe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the 1990s, German employers' associations started offering bargaining‐free membership. Firms can be members without the obligation to adhere to a collective agreement. This study examines the characteristics of firms choosing a bargaining‐free membership. It shows the influence of works councils, union density, foreign ownership, firm size and firm age.
Sourcing strategies of manufacturers with customer returns and product design efforts
Authors: Li Wei , Li Dongyan , Tian Ruimiao , Tian Junfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe develop game‐theoretic models to study the sourcing strategies of the two competing manufacturers who face customer returns due to product design mismatch. The manufacturers have opportunities to reduce the likelihood of customer returns by putting efforts into improving product design. Each manufacturer has the option to outsource product design and production to an upstream supplier or keep product design and production internally. We show that the sourcing decisions of the two manufacturers depend on the level of relative return from design investment (determined by the cost of design efforts, degree of horizontal product differentiation, and expected costs related to returns). We identify the sourcing strategy equilibrium and show that the higher cost of design effort and/or the higher degree of horizontal product differentiation expand, while the higher costs related to returns shrink, the range in which symmetric outsourcing is an equilibrium. Furthermore, as compared to symmetric insourcing, symmetric outsourcing not only softens the price competition but may also increase design effort levels, and thus both manufacturers are better off from outsourcing. However, symmetric outsourcing may hurt both consumer surplus and social welfare.
Depressive symptoms during the perinatal period by disability status: Findings from the United States Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Alhusen Jeanne L. , Hughes Rosemary B. , Lyons Genevieve , Laughon Kathryn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of the current study was to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms during the perinatal period among respondents with a disability as compared to those without a disability.DesignWe conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 24 participating United States between 2018 and 2020.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 37,989 respondents provided data on disability, including difficulty in vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, communication and self‐care. The outcome of interest was perinatal depressive symptoms, defined as experiencing depressive symptoms during the antenatal period or postpartum period. Regression models were used to calculate odds of depressive symptoms during these two time periods by disability status while controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics and depressive symptoms prior to pregnancy.ResultsRespondents with disabilities experienced a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in both the antenatal period and postpartum period as compared to those without disabilities. In fully adjusted models, respondents with disabilities had 2.4 times the odds of experiencing depressive symptoms during pregnancy and 2.1 times the odds of experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms as compared to respondents without disabilities.ConclusionRespondents with disabilities experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms throughout the perinatal period thereby increasing the risk for adverse maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes.ImpactPerinatal depression is a significant public health issue globally, and our findings suggest that persons with disability are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms both during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Our findings represent a call to action to improve clinical and supportive services for women with disabilities during the perinatal period to improve their mental health and the consequent health of their offspring.Patient or Public ContributionWe thank our Community Advisory Board members who have been instrumental in the conception of this study.
Predation potential of the earwig Euborellia annulipes on fruit fly larvae and trophic interactions with the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
Authors: Coelho Rosamara S. , Pec Marvin , Silva Ana L. Rodrigues , Peñaflor Maria F. G. V. , Marucci Rosangela C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe earwig Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae), a generalist predator, has been observed in fruits infested with fruit fly larvae, which are frequently parasitized by parasitoid wasps. Neither the capacity of earwigs to predate on fruit flies nor intraguild interactions between earwigs and fruit fly parasitoids have been investigated. Here, we studied in laboratory conditions the predation on the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) by the earwig E. annulipes, and whether parasitism of fruit fly larvae by the parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) influences predation by the earwig. We evaluated the predation capacity, functional response and prey preference of E. annulipes for parasitized and non‐parasitized fruit fly larvae in choice and no‐choice tests. We found that earwigs prey on second‐ and third‐instar larvae and pupae of C. capitata and consumed larger numbers of second‐instar larvae, followed by third‐instar larvae and pupae. Females prey on larger numbers of fruit flies than did males, regardless of the prey developmental stage, but both sexes exhibited a type II functional response. Interestingly, males killed but did not consume fruit fly larvae more than did females. In no‐choice tests, earwig females consumed equal numbers of parasitized and non‐parasitized fruit fly larvae. However, in choice tests, the females avoided feeding on parasitized larvae. Subsequent tests with hexane‐washed parasitized and non‐parasitized larvae showed that putative chemical markings left on fruit flies by parasitoids did not drive the earwig preference towards non‐parasitized larvae. These findings suggest that E. annulipes is a potential biological control agent for C. capitata, and that, because the earwig avoids consuming larvae parasitized by D. longicaudata, a combination of the two natural enemies could have an additive effect on pest mortality.
Habitat associations of imperilled fishes after conservation intervention in the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa
Authors: Broom Casey J. , Weyl Olaf L.F. , South Josie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the habitat associations of a native cyprinid community of the recovering Rondegat River in the Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa as part of a long‐term native fish abundance monitoring project. Relative abundance data were extracted from underwater video camera footage across the longitudinal gradient of the river in three sampling instances. Using multivariate methods the authors assessed community composition with respect to habitat, its overlap with a protected area and species‐specific abiotic predictors of relative abundance. Distance from the uppermost site in the river was the most significant predictor of species abundance, indicating spatial segregation and varying overlap between species. The protected status of sites in the upper reaches, vegetated substrates and the size of individual sites were the most impactful on the relative abundance of the endangered fiery redfinPseudobarbus phlegethon. The results of this study indicate that underwater video monitoring is an effective and low‐cost approach that can inform conservation recommendations. Reducing agricultural runoff and sedimentation in the lower reaches may be useful further interventions to maintain key habitats of submerged vegetation.
Characterization of a new cytotype and ocurrence of a B microchromosome in two spot astyanax, Astyanax bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Corrêa de Sousa Rodrigo Petry , dos Santos Jaymeson Lielson Anjos , Silva‐Oliveira Gláucia Caroline , Furo Ivanete de Oliveira , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa , Vallinoto Marcelo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough Astyanax bimaculatus is the most representative species of the genus in the Amazon region, there are no cytogenetic studies of A. bimaculatus species in Amazon region. Thus, we aimed to analyse the chromosome complements of specimens from this area using classic and molecular cytogenetic approaches. The results revealed the existence of a distinct cytotype and this is the first report of the occurrence of a B microchromosome in the species. Overall, these data indicate that the karyotypic evolution of this species is complex, involving the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements.
Recovery of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus from cloned cDNA
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaodong , Xu Zhendong , Huang Zhiyang , Zhong Junyao , Zhu Yinzhi , Wei Yongwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSiniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) is an important pathogen that infects mandarin fish. A reverse genetics system is an important technical platform for virus research. In this study, the minigenome in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene is flanked by the viral genomic ends of SCRV and transcribed using a T7 promoter‐terminator cassette was constructed. Co‐transfection of the minigenome construct with SCRV‐supporting plasmids of N, P, and L in BSRT7 cells resulted in the expression of the reporter gene. Transcription of a positive‐strand RNA copy from cDNA of the SCRV genome along with the viral N, P, and L proteins resulted in the recovery of infectious SCRV in cells. Viral titre up to 108 PFU/ml was achieved. Recombinant SCRV was verified by the detection of a unique restriction site engineered into the SCRV genome. The phenotypes of the recombinant SCRV and the parental virus were evaluated by plaque size, replication kinetics in vitro, and pathogenicity in vivo. The recovered SCRV from cDNA showed similar phenotypes compared to the parental virus. The established reverse genetics system is of great significance and value for the functional genome study of SCRV and for laying a foundation for the development of the viral vector and SCRV vaccine.
Experimental assessment of a low GWP nonflammable new refrigerant in a closed heat pump drying system
Authors: Fu Quanqu , Yang Zhao , Ma Haiyun , Duan Chenjun , Feng Biao , Zhang Yong , Chen Yubo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLow global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants are vital to mitigating the effect of heat systems on climate change. A low GWP mixture, RGT2 (R134a/R1234yf/R161, 54%/43%/3% weight), was proposed as an alternative refrigerant for R134a in heat pump systems. This article presented the results of an experimental investigation evaluating RGT2 as a possible replacement for R134a in a closed heat pump drying (CHPD) system and studying the drying characteristics of fig slices. The experiment concluded that RGT2 has a higher coefficient of performance (COPhp) value than R134a, on average, by 1.92%, achieving lower discharge temperature and pressure ratio at different condensing temperatures (45°C–70°C). Although the heating capacity of RGT2 was slightly lower, it still met the requirements of HPD. With careful consideration of the environment, performance, and safety, RGT2 was a suitable substitute for R134a in the drying field. In addition, the drying characteristics of fig slices were significantly affected by the air temperature. The effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) and specific moisture extracted ratio (SMER) are increased by increasing temperature and air flow rate. The two‐term model was the better model to accurately predict the fig slices drying process. The highest mean Deff and SMER of CHPDS were obtained as 6.4518 × 10−10 m2/s and 39.197 g/kWh, respectively, at the highest drying air temperature.Practical ApplicationA mixed refrigerant (RGT2) was proposed to replace R134a, and its GWP value was about 61% lower than that of R134a. Most of the studies on substituting R134a in the literature are simulations. This paper aims to evaluate the substitutions' feasibility theoretically and experimentally. The results have been assessed to provide better information about RGT2 as a potential substitute for R134a with superior comprehensive performance. Drying kinetics has also been determined experimentally, which helped to simulate fig drying. This study will provide a reference for refrigerants replacement in heat pump drying.