bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternate Growth Forms Can Protect Climate-Threatened Trees from Freezing Stressors
Authors: Buma Brian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate change creates a variety of novel stressors for species, such as a decline in snowpack. Loss of snow has many impacts, including the loss of thermal insulation of soils. Winter/spring freezing of soils has been tied to forest mass mortality in multiple locations around the world. Many species, however, can take alternative growth forms, such as tall tree forms and short shrub-like forms. Shrub-forms may provide a unique protection from the snow loss phenomenon by providing a similar thermal insulation as snowpack. That hypothesis is tested here using yellow-cedar, a species undergoing mass mortality due to snow loss. Temperature loggers were placed under both tree- and shrub-form cedars, including areas where the species was experimentally removed. The number of soil freezing days was high in open areas, areas of tree mortality, and where the shrub-form was removed, but was almost zero in areas where the shrub-form was left intact. This suggests that growth-form temperature moderation is possible and may provide an important resistance to the mortality mechanism. In other areas around the world where snow loss is resulting in soil freezing and mortality, growth forms should be investigated as a potential moderating mechanism for this particular climate change stress.
Accelerometer-Measured Latent Physical Activity Profiles and Neurocognition Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Vásquez Priscilla M , Tarraf Wassim , Chai Albert , Doza Adit , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Diaz Keith M , Zlatar Zvinka Z , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon A , Gallo Linda C , Estrella Mayra L , Vásquez Elizabeth , Evenson Kelly R , Khambaty Tasneem , Thyagarajan Bharat , Singer Richard H , Schneiderman Neil , Daviglus Martha L , González Hector M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Derive latent profiles of accelerometry-measured moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for Hispanic/Latino adults, examine associations between latent MVPA profiles and neurocognition, and describe profiles via self-reported MVPA.

Methods
Complex survey design methods were applied to cross-sectional data from 7,672 adults ages 45–74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008–2011). MVPA was measured via hip-worn accelerometers. Latent profile analysis was applied to derive latent MVPA profiles (minutes/day of week). Neurocognition was assessed with the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT) Sum, B-SEVLT Recall, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (word fluency), and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test. All tests were z-scored, and a global neurocognition score was generated by averaging across scores. Survey linear regression models were used to examine associations between latent MVPA profiles and neurocognitive measures. Self-reported MVPA domains were estimated (occupational, transportation, and recreational) for each latent profile.

Results
Four latent MVPA profiles from the overall adult target population (18–74 years) were derived and putatively labeled: No MVPA, low, moderate, and high. Only the high MVPA profile (compared to moderate) was associated with lower global neurocognition. Sensitivity analyses using latent MVPA profiles with only participants aged 45–74 years showed similar profiles, but no associations between latent MVPA profiles and neurocognition. The occupational MVPA domain led in all latent MVPA profiles.

Discussion
We found no consistent evidence to link accelerometry-measured MVPA profiles to neurocognitive function. Research to better characterize the role of high occupational MVPA in relation to neurocognition among Hispanic/Latino adults are needed.
Persistent differences in recruitment variability among co-occurring North Atlantic groundfish species
Authors: Johannesen Edda , Keith Dave , Fogarty Michael J , Shackell Nancy , Frank Kenneth T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of recruitment and its variability in marine fish populations contributes to sustainable fisheries but a full understanding remains elusive. An earlier study showed that haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stocks exhibited consistently higher variability and lower reproductive rates compared to cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in the geographic regions where they co-occurred. Thus, cod may have a higher resilience to overexploitation, whereas haddock stocks may be more likely to be rescued by chance strong recruitments events. Since that initial study, the ecosystems and stocks have experienced large structural and functional changes, as well as changes in management practice and ocean warming. Here, we updated the previous earlier analysis with new data and found that despite large changes in the ecosystems explored, the patterns of recruitment variability have persisted. Recruitment variability remains higher in haddock than in cod, and the maximum annual reproduction rate at low spawning stock biomass (SSB) remains higher in cod than in haddock, although the latter difference is now less pronounced. Despite the economic and ecological importance of cod and haddock, and their long history of scientific scrutiny, the persistent difference in their reproductive biology remains unexplained.
Sequence Divergence and Retrotransposon Insertion Underlie Interspecific Epigenetic Differences in Primates
Authors: Hirata Mayu , Ichiyanagi Tomoko , Katoh Hirokazu , Hashimoto Takuma , Suzuki Hikaru , Nitta Hirohisa , Kawase Masaki , Nakai Risako , Imamura Masanori , Ichiyanagi Kenji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Changes in the epigenome can affect the phenotype without the presence of changes in the genomic sequence. Given the high identity of the human and chimpanzee genome sequences, a substantial portion of their phenotypic divergence likely arises from epigenomic differences between the two species. In this study, the transcriptome and epigenome were determined for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from human and chimpanzee individuals. The transcriptome and epigenomes for trimethylated histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4me3) and at lysine-27 (H3K27me3) showed high levels of similarity between the two species. However, there were some differences in histone modifications. Although such regions, in general, did not show significant enrichment of interspecies nucleotide variations, gains in binding motifs for pluripotency-related transcription factors, especially POU5F1 and SOX2, were frequently found in species-specific H3K4me3 regions. We also revealed that species-specific insertions of retrotransposons, including the LTR5_Hs subfamily in human and a newly identified LTR5_Pt subfamily in chimpanzee, created species-specific H3K4me3 regions associated with increased expression of nearby genes. Human iPSCs have more species-specific H3K27me3 regions, resulting in more abundant bivalent domains. Only a limited number of these species-specific H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 regions overlap with species-biased enhancers in cranial neural crest cells, suggesting that differences in the epigenetic state of developmental enhancers appear late in development. Therefore, iPSCs serve as a suitable starting material for studying evolutionary changes in epigenome dynamics during development.
An Analysis of the Group Bases of British Politics: 1983–2019
Authors: Farrer By Benjamin D , Zingher Joshua N 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we address two questions: (i) what were the group bases of the British electoral coalitions? And (ii) how have these group bases of support changed in the past decades? We determine which social group memberships significantly influence vote choice by using British Election Study data. We then incorporate demographic data to measure how many votes each social group contributed at each general election from 1983 to 2019. We find that the Labour Party has been obtaining fewer votes from union members and manual labourers, primarily due to shrinking group size and declining turnout. Yet, it is attracting more support from university graduates and ethnic minorities—groups growing in relative size. The Conservatives attract more votes from whites, homeowners and Anglicans. These groups are shrinking as a share of the population, but turn out at rates higher than the national average. Overall, our analysis reveals the changing cleavage structures in British politics.
Marketization, Regulation, and Equality: Towards an Analytical Framework for Understanding the Equality Impact of Public Procurement
Authors: Sarter E K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the rise of the regulatory welfare state, public procurement gained increasing importance as a tool for the regulation of wages and working conditions and a lever for promoting equality. Yet, despite growing attention to and understanding of public procurement’s relation to equality, existing knowledge remains fragmented. An analytical framework that captures and systematizes the multifaceted interaction between public procurement and equality is still missing. Focusing on conditions of purchasing and obligations set as part of the procurement processes, this article explores the way in which public procurement processes generate equality impacts first through stipulations and practices which are not explicitly linked to equality but generate equality impacts, and second through proactive measures designed to foster equality. It argues that a holistic understanding of public procurement’s equality impact needs to take account of the individual combination of features.
A rubric for assessing mathematical modelling problems in a scientific-engineering context
Authors: Kohen Zehavit , Gharra-Badran Yasmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mathematics modelling is a vital competency for students of all ages. In this study, we aim to fill the research gap about valid and reliable tools for assessing and grading mathematical modeling problems, particularly those reflecting multiple steps of the modelling cycle. We present in this paper the design of a reliable and valid assessment tool aimed at gauging the level of mathematical modelling associated with real-world modeling problems in a scientific-engineering context. The study defines and bases the central modelling processes on the proficiency levels identified in PISA Mathematics. A two-dimensional rubric was developed, reflecting the combined assessment of the type and level of a modelling process. We identified criteria that enable a clear comparison and differentiation among the different levels across each of the modelling processes. These criteria allow for concrete theoretical definitions for the various modelling processes, introducing a well-defined mathematical modelling framework from a didactical viewpoint, which can potentially contribute to promoting modelling competencies or the understanding of modelling by teachers and students. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed.
Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection in Brazil: epidemiological profile and spatial patterns
Authors: Graepp-Fontoura Iolanda , Barbosa David Soeiro , Fontoura Volmar Morais , Guerra Rosane Nassar Meireles , Melo Solange de Araújo , Fernandes Maria Neyrian de Fátima , Costa Perpetua do Socorro Silva , Maciel Sergiane Maia , Goiabeira Yara Andrade , Santos Floriacy Stabnow , Santos-Neto Marcelino , Hunaldo dos Santos Leonardo , Serra Maria Aparecida Alves de Oliveira , Abreu-Silva Ana Lúcia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeographical overlap of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and HIV infection favors occurrences of HVL/HIV coinfection. The increasing numbers of cases of HVL/HIV coinfection are a worldwide concern and knowledge of the factors involved can help in developing preventive measures.MethodsWe aimed to identify spatial patterns and describe the epidemiological profile of HVL/HIV coinfection in Brazil from 2007 to 2015. This was an ecological study, in which thematic maps were created through geoprocessing tools, based on secondary data obtained from open-access platforms, to identify priority areas for interventions for controlling HLV/HIV coinfection, using the TerraView 4.2.2 software.ResultsWe found spatial autocorrelations between the HVL/HIV rates of neighboring municipalities according to the global Moran index (0.10; p&lt;0.01). The highest HVL/HIV rate was in the central-western region. Among the epidemiological characteristics according to the regions, an increasing trend in the annual variation rate was observed, with positive values over the years and statistical significance (p&lt;0.05) in the North with 1.62 (95% CI 0.57 to 2.69; p=0.02) and Northeast with 6.41 (95% CI 2.60 to 10.37; p=0.006). Similarly, increasing trends were observed in the states of Maranhão with 21.34 (95% CI 13.99 to 9.16; p&lt;0.001) and Sergipe with 5.44 (95% CI 0.61 to 10.50; p=0.04).ConclusionsOur results showed spatial overlap between occurrences of HVL and HIV with spatial patterns of HVL/HIV coinfection, thus revealing that the numbers of cases reported are increasing. Identifying areas with higher coinfection indices contributes to applying interventions and control measures among targeted populations, to prevent new cases.
Radiographic Study Evaluating Perforator Vessels in the Ischiorectal Fossa for Safe Elevation of Island Flaps
Authors: Nagasaka Shinji , Abe Yoshiro , Yamashita Yutaro , Yamasaki Hiroyuki , Mineda Kazuhide , Shimada Mitsuo , Hashimoto Ichiro 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Perforator flaps based on the ischiorectal fossa (IRF) (ie, internal pudendal artery perforator flaps) are useful for perineal reconstruction. The three-dimensional characterization of perforator arteries in the IRF remains unclear, as the IRF contains thick adipose tissue as well as organs, such as the rectum, vagina, and urethra. This study aimed to evaluate perforators in the IRF to guide the safe elevation of skin flaps designed based on the IRF.

Methods:
IRF vessels were examined in 200 bilateral computed tomography angiography scans performed in 100 patients. We examined branching patterns arising from the internal iliac artery and the origins of the skin perforators in the IRF.

Results:
The branching patterns of the internal iliac artery were divided into three groups: perforators derived exclusively from the internal pudendal artery (78%), perforators derived from the internal pudendal artery and the inferior gluteal artery (18%), and perforators derived exclusively from the inferior gluteal artery (4%). The average number of perforators in the IRF was 1.5 ± 0.7. The number of perforators was significantly higher in women than in men. The perforator arteries were found exclusively around the medial and dorsal sides of the ischial tuberosity.

Conclusions:
We found that perforators in the IRF were stable. All cases had more than one skin perforator, which was mainly derived from the internal pudendal artery. Although perforators cannot be identified during flap elevation because the fatty tissue in the IRF is very thick, physicians must focus on preserving the perforator-containing fatty tissue around the ischial tuberosity.
Telehealth Services: Implications for Enhancing Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention
Authors: Valentine Jo A. , Mena Leandro , Millett Gregorio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the United States, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most persistent threats to health equity. Increasing access to STI prevention and control services through the provision of Remote Health and Telehealth can improve sexual health outcomes. Telehealth has been shown to increase access to care and even improve health outcomes. The increased flexibility offered by Telehealth services accommodates both patient and provider. Although both Telehealth and Remote Health strategies are important for STI prevention, share common attributes, and, in some circumstances, overlap, this article will focus more specifically on considerations for Telehealth and how it can contribute to increasing health equity by offering an important complement to and, in some cases, substitute for in-person STI services for some populations. Telehealth assists a variety of different populations, including those experiencing STI disparities; however, although the Internet offers a promising resource for many American households and increasing percentages of Americans are using its many resources, not all persons have equal access to the Internet. In addition to tailoring STI programs to accommodate unique patient populations, these programs will likely be faced with adapting services to fit reimbursement and licensing regulations.
Pediatric Reference Change Value Optimized for Acute Kidney Injury: Multicenter Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Zeng Jingxia , Miao Hongjun , Jiang Zhen , Zhang Yong , Guo Xiaoli , Chen Qing , Wan Yu , Ji Peng , Xie Guojin , Li Han , Mei Xuejian , Zhou Jinsu , Xu Haisheng , Gu Jie , Cheng Jun , Chen Jianli , Zhang Aihua , Ge Xuhua 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The standard definition of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is evolving, especially for critically ill in the PICU. We sought to validate the application of the Pediatric Reference Change Value Optimized for Acute Kidney Injury in Children (pROCK) criteria in critically ill children.

DESIGN:
Multicenter retrospective study.

SETTING:
Six PICUs in mainland China.

PATIENTS:
One thousand six hundred seventy-eight hospitalized children admitted to the PICU with at least two creatinine values within 7 days.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
AKI was diagnosed and staged according to the Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Renal Disease (pRIFLE), the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and the pROCK criteria. Multiple clinical parameters were assessed and analyzed along with 90-day follow-up outcomes. According to the definitions of pRIFLE, KDIGO, and pROCK, the prevalence of AKI in our cohort of 1,678 cases was 52.8% (886), 39.0% (655), and 19.0% (318), respectively. The presence of AKI, as defined by pROCK, was associated with increased number of injured organs, occurrence of sepsis, use of mechanical ventilation, use of continuous renal replace therapy (p < 0.05), higher Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score, and higher Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score (p < 0.001). The survival curve of 90-day outcomes showed that pROCK was associated with shorter survival time (LogRank p < 0.001), and pROCK definition was associated with better separation of the different stages of AKI from non-AKI (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this retrospective analysis of AKI criteria in PICU admissions in China, pROCK is better correlated with severity and outcome of AKI. Hence, the pROCK criteria for AKI may have better utility in critically ill children.
“Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for treatment of post-resection Interdigital Neuroma: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study”
Authors: Titanji Bosung N. , Shubinets Valeriy , Giladi Aviram M. , Melamed Eitan 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Symptomatic, post-resection interdigital neuroma is a frustrating problem that causes debilitating foot pain. Implementing the concepts of targeted muscle innervation (TMR), this study offers a novel nerve transfer involving the resected third common plantar digital nerve (CPDN) to the motor nerve branch of the third dorsal interosseous muscle (DIMB) to improve post-resection pain.

Methods:
Ten fresh feet from seven cadaveric donors were used for this study. CPDN and DIMB lengths and diameters were measured, along with nerve overlap after the transfer with ankle in neutral position and in maximal dorsiflexion. Motor entry point (MEP) to the calcaneal tuberosity and to the fifth metatarsal tuberosity were measured and used to evaluate the ratio relative to foot length. Means, standard deviations, and p-values were calculated for each parameter and between gender (male and female) and feet (right and left).

Results:
In all specimens, the nerve transfer was technically feasible, without notable size mismatch between the donor and recipient nerves. CPDN, DIMB, and important anatomical reference points were identifiable in all specimens. Average CPDN length was 30.1±8.2 mm. The average DIMB length was 14.4±3.9 mm. The overlap between the donor and recipient in neutral ankle position at the transfer site was 6.4±1.8mm.

Conclusion:
Given their anatomical locations, a nerve transfer between the third CPDN and third DIMB is surgically feasible. This novel technique is a viable option which can be used instead of the conventional technique of muscle implantation or more proximal re-resection for symptomatic post-resection interdigital neuroma.
“Proportional Condylectomy” for Vertical Condylar Hyperplasia Without Intermaxillary Elastics: Clinical Results and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Cohen Adir , Zar Keidar , Rushinek Heli , Talisman Shahar , Alterman Michael , Casap Nardy 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
First, to investigate the clinical outcome of ‘proportional condylectomy’ for patients with active unilateral condylar hyperplasia without complementary treatment by intermaxillary elastics and, second, to examine their level of satisfaction regarding function and esthetics.

Study Design:
A retrospective observational descriptive study was conducted. All patients included in the study suffered from active unilateral condylar hyperplasia with a vertical component. The length of the condylar-ramus unit was measured on both sides by an multidetector computed tomography scan. The difference was calculated and resected from the hyperplastic condyle during the operation. Facial, occlusal, and skeletal changes were evaluated using photographic and radiologic records, and a satisfaction questionnaire regarding function and esthetics was completed. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Fifteen patients were included in the study. The mean participants’ age was 27.93±13.06 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 12.40±6.55 months. The mean chin deviation improved by 58.47% (P=0.001). Mean lip commissure plane tilt was improved by 61.31% (P=0.001). Six months postoperatively, all patients exhibited centered dental midlines (P=0.001). Occlusal plane tilt was significantly improved by 70.02% (P=0.001), and high patient satisfaction was recorded. Twenty-six percent (4/15) of patients did not require the complementary orthodontic treatment, and none of them required complementary orthognathic surgery.

Conclusions:
‘Proportional condylectomy’ for patients with active unilateral vertical condylar hyperplasia without complementary treatment by intermaxillary elastics is a predictable procedure in terms of function and esthetics.